bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an Open-Access Medical News Platform’s Readership During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Chan Alex K , Wu Constance , Cheung Andrew , Succi Marc D 
Published: April 2021

Background
There are many alternatives to direct journal access, such as podcasts, blogs, and news sites, that allow physicians and the general public to stay up to date with medical literature. However, there is a scarcity of literature that investigates the readership characteristics of open-access medical news sites and how these characteristics may have shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
This study aimed to assess readership and survey data to characterize open-access medical news readership trends related to the COVID-19 pandemic and overall readership trends regarding pandemic-related information delivery.

Methods
Anonymous, aggregate readership data were obtained from 2 Minute Medicine, an open-access, physician-run medical news organization that has published over 8000 original, physician-written texts and visual summaries of new medical research since 2013. In this retrospective observational study, the average number of article views, number of actions (defined as the sum of the number of views, shares, and outbound link clicks), read times, and bounce rates (probability of leaving a page in <30 s) were compared between COVID-19 articles published from January 1 to May 31, 2020 (n=40) and non–COVID-19 articles (n=145) published in the same time period. A voluntary survey was also sent to subscribed 2 Minute Medicine readers to further characterize readership demographics and preferences, which were scored on a Likert scale.

Results
COVID-19 articles had a significantly higher median number of views than non–COVID-19 articles (296 vs 110; U=748.5; P<.001). There were no significant differences in average read times (P=.12) or bounce rates (P=.12). Non–COVID-19 articles had a higher median number of actions than COVID-19 articles (2.9 vs 2.5; U=2070.5; P=.02). On a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), our survey data revealed that 65.5% (78/119) of readers agreed or strongly agreed that they preferred staying up to date with emerging literature about COVID-19 by using sources such as 2 Minute Medicine instead of journals. A greater proportion of survey respondents also indicated that open-access news sources were one of their primary sources for staying informed (86/120, 71.7%) compared to the proportion who preferred direct journal article access (61/120, 50.8%). The proportion of readers indicating they were reading one or less full-length medical studies a month were lower following introduction to 2 Minute Medicine compared to prior (21/120, 17.5% vs 38/120, 31.6%; P=.005).

Conclusions
The readership significantly increased for one open-access medical literature platform during the pandemic. This reinforces the idea that open-access, physician-written sources of medical news represent an important alternative to direct journal access for readers who want to stay up to date with medical literature.
Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission Sources in France by Self-Assessment Before and After the Partial Lockdown: Observational Study
Authors: Denis Fabrice , Septans Anne-Lise , Le Goff Florian , Jeanneau Stephan , Lescure François-Xavier 
Published: April 2021

Background
We developed a questionnaire on a web application for analyzing COVID-19 contamination circumstances in France during the second wave of the pandemic.

Objective
This study aims to analyze the impact on contamination characteristics before and after the second partial lockdown in France to adapt public health restrictions to further prevent pandemic surges.

Methods
Between December 15 and 24, 2020, after a national media campaign, users of the sourcecovid.fr web application were asked questions about their own or a close relative’s COVID-19 contamination after August 15, 2020, in France. The data of the contamination’s circumstances were assessed and compared before and after the second partial lockdown, which occurred on October 25, 2020, during the second wave of the pandemic and was ongoing on December 24, 2020.

Results
As of December 24, 2020, 441,000 connections on the web application were observed. A total of 2218 questionnaires were assessable for analysis. About 61.8% (n=1309) of the participants were sure of their contamination origin, and 38.2% (n=809) thought they knew it. The median age of users was 43.0 (IQR 32-56) years, and 50.7% (n=1073) were male. The median incubation time of the assessed cohort was 4.0 (IQR 3-5) days. Private areas (family’s or friend’s house) were the main source of contamination (1048/2090, 50.2%), followed by work colleagues (579/2090, 27.7%). The main time of day for the contamination was the evening (339/961, 35.3%) before the lockdown and was reduced to 18.2% (86/473) after the lockdown (P<.001). The person who transmitted the virus to the user before and after the lockdown was significantly different (P<.001): a friend (382/1317, 29% vs 109/773, 14.1%), a close relative (304/1317, 23.1% vs 253/773, 32.7%), or a work colleague (315/1317, 23.9% vs 264/773, 34.2%). The main location where the virus was transmitted to the users before and after the lockdown was significantly different too (P<.001): home (278/1305, 21.3% vs 194/760, 25.5%), work (293/1305, 22.5% vs 225/760, 29.6%), collective places (430/1305, 33% vs 114/760, 15%), and care centers (58/1305, 4.4% vs 74/760, 9.7%).

Conclusions
Modalities of transmissions significantly changed before and after the second lockdown in France. The main sources of contamination remained the private areas and with work colleagues. Work became the main location of contamination after the lockdown, whereas contaminations in collective places were strongly reduced.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04670003; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04670003
Sleep Disturbances in Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Survey Study
Authors: Stewart Nancy H , Koza Anya , Dhaon Serena , Shoushtari Christiana , Martinez Maylyn , Arora Vineet M 
Published: April 2021

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are sharing their challenges, including sleep disturbances, on social media; however, no study has evaluated sleep in predominantly US frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess sleep among a sample of predominantly US frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic using validated measures through a survey distributed on social media.

Methods
A self-selection survey was distributed on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for 16 days (August 31 to September 15, 2020), targeting health care workers who were clinically active during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and they reported their demographic and career information. Poor sleep quality was defined as a PSQI score ≥5. Moderate-to-severe insomnia was defined as an ISI score >14. The Mini-Z Burnout Survey was used to measure burnout. Multivariate logistic regression tested associations between demographics, career characteristics, and sleep outcomes.

Results
A total of 963 surveys were completed. Participants were predominantly White (894/963, 92.8%), female (707/963, 73.4%), aged 30-49 years (692/963, 71.9%), and physicians (620/963, 64.4%). Mean sleep duration was 6.1 hours (SD 1.2). Nearly 96% (920/963, 95.5%) of participants reported poor sleep (PSQI). One-third (288/963, 30%) reported moderate or severe insomnia. Many participants (554/910, 60.9%) experienced sleep disruptions due to device use or had nightmares at least once per week (420/929, 45.2%). Over 50% (525/932, 56.3%) reported burnout. In multivariable logistic regressions, nonphysician (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.4), caring for patients with COVID-19 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.5), female sex (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), and having a sleep disorder (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.7-6.9) were associated with increased odds of insomnia. In open-ended comments (n=310), poor sleep was mapped to four categories: children and family, work demands, personal health, and pandemic-related sleep disturbances.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all the frontline health care workers surveyed on social media reported poor sleep, over one-third reported insomnia, and over half reported burnout. Many also reported sleep disruptions due to device use and nightmares. Sleep interventions for frontline health care workers are urgently needed.
Preliminary Outcomes of an Ecological Momentary Intervention for Social Functioning in Schizophrenia: Pre-Post Study of the Motivation and Skills Support App
Authors: Fulford Daniel , Gard David E , Mueser Kim T , Mote Jasmine , Gill Kathryn , Leung Lawrence , Mow Jessica 
Published: April 2021

Background
People with schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses often lack access to evidence-based interventions, particularly interventions that target meaningful recovery outcomes such as social functioning and quality of life. Mobile technologies, including smartphone apps, have the potential to provide scalable support that places elements of evidence-based interventions at the palm of patients’ hands.

Objective
We aim to develop a smartphone app—called Motivation and Skills Support—to provide targeted social goal support (eg, making new friends and improving existing relationships) for people with schizophrenia enrolled in a stand-alone open trial.

Methods
In this paper, we presented preliminary outcomes of 31 participants who used the Motivation and Skills Support app for 8 weeks, including social functioning pre- to postintervention, and momentary reports of treatment targets (eg, social motivation and appraisals) during the intervention.

Results
The findings suggest that the intervention improved self-reported social functioning from baseline to treatment termination, particularly in female participants. Gains were not maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, increased social functioning was predicted by momentary reports of social appraisals, including perceived social competence and the extent to which social interactions were worth the effort.

Conclusions
The implications of these findings and future directions for addressing social functioning in schizophrenia using mobile technology have been discussed.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03404219; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03404219
El oficial de cumplimiento en el marco de un modelo integrado de compliance en las sociedades anónimas
Authors: Toso Milos Angela 
Published: April 2021

Regulatory compliance has become a difficult task to assume for corporations, considering the various requirements established in the legal system, together with those that an organization can formulate as compliance objectives. One aspect that can contribute to facilitate this work lies in understanding that regulatory compliance involves the development of management models, which have common elements, among which is to have a compliance officer. This research contrasts what has been said about the compliance officer in the instruments that include the following compliance models: the anti-money laundering and financing of terrorism model, based on Law 19.913 (2003); the prevention of crimes model, enshrined in Law 20.393 (2009, art. 4), on criminal liability of legal persons; and the one based on the National Economic Prosecutor’s Office recommendations, and the requirements of the Court for the Protection of Free Competition. This exercise is intended as a background for the design of comprehensive compliance programs in corporations.
Teaching and learning process for mathematization activities: The case of solving maximum and minimum problems
Authors: Jupri Al , Usdiyana Dian , Sispiyati Ririn 
Published: April 2021

One of the topics within the course of Essential Concepts in School Mathematics (ECSM) for prospective mathematics teachers concerns maximum and minimum problems. This type of problems requires mathematization, i.e., the activity of transforming a problem into a symbolic mathematics problem and of reorganizing within the mathematical system, in the solution process. This research aims to investigate the implementation of the learning and teaching process of the ECSM course that strengthen prospective mathematics teachers’ conceptual understanding and problem solving abilities through mathematization activities. To reach this aim, this qualitative study was conducted through an observation of the learning and teaching process, including the formative written assessment, for the case of maximum and minimum problems, involving 19 students of mathematics education program. The results of this study revealed that the learning and teaching process is implemented by emphasizing the use of a deductive approach. The written assessment showed students’ strategies and difficulties in dealing with maximum and minimum problems. Main difficulties included constructing visual representations and mathematical models in the mathematization processes. It can be concluded that the learning and teaching processes of the ECSM course need to be improved so as to develop better conceptual understanding and problem solving abilities through mathematization activities.
Perfil dos pacientes atendidos no primeiro ano de funcionamento de uma unidade de terapia intensiva: um estudo retrospectivo
Authors: Gonçalves Allana Dupont , Evaldt Talía Da Silva , Comin Mariana Freitas , Gulbis Karina Cardoso , Dagostin Valdemira Santina , Tessmann Mágada 
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A unidade de terapia intensiva é um setor onde o risco de morte é constante e há grande número de procedimentos de alta complexidade. Objetivos: Analisar o perfil dos pacientes internados na UTI de um hospital de um município no Extremo Sul Catarinense, após um ano de abertura do setor. Métodos: O estudo desenvolvido foi de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo descritivo, retrospectivo, com o uso do método documental e de campo. Foram incluídos no estudo, todos os prontuários de pacientes internados no primeiro ano de funcionamento de UTI (2019/2020), num total de 293 prontuários. Resultados: Realizada em uma UTI, composta por 10 leitos, sendo 2 de isolamento, com aparato tecnológico atual, sendo tecnologias de ponta. Mostraram que foram internados mais homens, com idade entre 60-74 anos, casados, alfabetizados e católicos, com sepse, com HAS e DM como comorbidades, originados na região dos municípios da região Carbonífera de Santa Catarina, a maioria em ventilação mecânica, em uso de vasodilatadores, com alta por melhora. Conclusão: Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes internados na UTI permite melhor planejamento do exercício profissional na promoção a saúde, prevenção ou recuperação.Palavras-chave: Unidade de terapia intensiva, perfil, pacientes, enfermagem Profile of patients treated in the first year of operation of an intensive care unit: a retrospective study ABSTRACTIntroduction: The intensive care unit is a sector where the risk of death is constant and there are many procedures of high complexity. Objective: To analyze the profile of patients admitted to the ICU of a hospital in a municipality in the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, after one year of opening of the sector. Methods: The study was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective approach, using the documentary and field method. All medical records of patients admitted in the first year of ICU operation (2019/2020) were included in the study, totaling 293 medical records. Results: Performed in an ICU, composed of 10 beds, being 2 of isolation, with current technological apparatus, being state-of-the-art technologies. They showed that more men, aged between 60-74 years, married, literate and catholic, with sepsis, with SAH and DM as comorbidities, originated in the Carbonífera region of Santa Catarina state, the majority in mechanical ventilation, in use of vasodilators, with discharge for improvement. Conclusion: Knowing the profile of patients hospitalized in the ICU allows better planning of professional exercise in health promotion, prevention, or recovery.Keywords: Intensive care unit, profile, patients, nursing
La Gran política y el don a la Humanidad
Authors: Sagols Lizbeth 
Published: April 2021

A primera vista, Nietzsche no es un pensador que se ocupe de la política, de hecho, nunca tuvo una práctica concreta a este respecto ni perteneció a ningún partido político. Le interesó mucho más la dimensión ético-estética e incluso metafísica de la existencia. En su obra se dirige de manera casi inevitable a la libertad de cada hombre: nos invita ante todo a asumir el riesgo de ser nosotros mismos. En esta medida, su filosofar conlleva un ethos más allá de toda moral establecida, un ethos que implica el gozo activo de la existencia: del ser y el devenir y, por supuesto, de la creatividad humana. Nietzsche es consciente de la soledad que exige su filosofía y se da por satisfecho con que unas cuantas ‘plantas raras’ —como en ocasiones llama a los filósofos— lo sigan.
Pero trascendiendo esta mirada inicial, Nietzsche se interesó por pensar a fondo la organización social que habría de permitir la realización de su filosofía. A ello atiende, precisamente, el concepto de la Gran Política que explora estas páginas.
De herencias manipuladas y de recepciones perversas: nacionalsocialismo
Authors: Navarrete Roberto , Zazo Jiménez Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo ofrece una historia de la recepción del pensamiento de Friedrich Nietzsche a partir del hecho histórico de su perversa utilización por parte del nacionalsocialismo. Se analiza, en primer lugar, el proceso de politización, germanización ynazificación del pensamiento de Nietzsche, facilitado por la mutilación de su obra que realizó la hermana del filósofo. Se describen, en segundo lugar, las diversas estrategias de despolitización y desnazificación del pensamiento y la obra nietzscheanos, aplicadas desde la misma década de los años treinta del siglo pasado. Se ofrece, en tercer lugar, un breve resumen sobre la cuestión «Nietzsche y el nacionalsocialismo».
Procesos semánticos en los textos filosóficos de Nietzsche y su función filosófica: Algunos resultados de la investigación sobre el «Diccionario-Nietzsche»
Authors: Schank Gerd 
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta algunos resultados del proyecto del diccionario de Nietzsche. Este proyecto consta de un grupo de investigación internacional y tiene su sede en la Universidad de Nijmegen, en Holanda (ver Estudios Nietzsche 3, 2003, 207-214). El volumen I del diccionario aparecerá en breve. El uso de Nietzsche del lenguaje pone de manifiesto una serie de rasgos que son característicos para su proyecto filosófico. Esos incluyen procesos semánticos específicos o procedimientos para la constitución y transformación del significado, desde el uso de diferentes ópticas, la transgresión de significados polarizados, a la transvaloración de términos y valores tradicionales. Un número de estos procesos son descritos en este artículo con la ayuda de ejemplos tomados del diccionario.
Por qué la ciencia debe ser “gaya”. Sobre la cuestión del perspectivismo en Nietzsche
Authors: Gentili Carlo 
Published: April 2021

¿Cuál es la jovialidad de la gaya ciencia? Aparte de la obvia referencia a la poesía de los trovadores (que Nietzsche sólo a posteriori reivindica), define a un tipo de ciencia que es capaz de reír sobre sus pretensiones de conocimiento absoluto. Éste es el origen de lo que más tarde llamará el perspectivismo. Cada trozo de conocimiento depende de la perspectiva bajo la cual observamos el objeto; esta tesis debe ser examinada cuidadosamente puesto que tiene implicaciones para su propio punto de vista. La verdad no es otra cosa más que el conjunto infinito de perspectivas particulares. Este resultado escéptico de la filosofía de Nietzsche es la radicalización de la doctrina kantiana de la cosa en sí. Las consecuencias que extrae Nietzsche de él contribuyen a destruir el antropocentrismo. Todas las referencias a los animales inferiores (moscas, ranas, gusanos, mosquitos, hormigas) sirven para romper la ilusión de que el ser humano sea el punto más alto de la creación. La destrucción paralela de las ilusiones de una ciencia humana, demasiado humana, es el tema principal del capítulo quinto de La gaya ciencia, añadido en la segunda edición de 1887.
Hermenéutica genealógica desde el cuerpo
Authors: Conill Sancho Jesús 
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta contribución es mostrar la transformación hermenéutica de la filosofía a través de la genealogía de Nietzsche, su consideración del cuerpo, el poder, el valor y el sufrimiento; a diferencia de Heidegger y Apel, ésta es una hermenéutica genealógica de la experiencia a partir del cuerpo, que puede conectarse con el pensamiento español de Zubiri y Laín Entralgo.
Childhood trauma and the prevalence of alcohol dependence in adulthood
Authors: Kosecka Karolina , Stelmach Ewa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction: The experience of trauma and stress in childhood and early adulthood can lead not only to immediate physical and psychological symptoms but also to long-term effects observed in later life.

Aim and method: The objective of the following study was to search for the correlation between the occurrence of childhood trauma and its long-term outcome, that is alcohol dependence, and to review studies concerning the presence of certain personality traits in patients with such trauma experience and prognostic factors for treatment. The literature in the Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: childhood abuse, childhood trauma, alcohol addiction and alcohol use disorder. The time descriptors 2015-2021 were also used.

Results: On the basis of the conducted studies, it has been found that the experience of extremely stressful situations at a young age is declared by a greater part of the examined patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. It was also noticed that the most significant and most frequently reported negative childhood experiences in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome are physical violence, parental separation or divorce, and mental illness of a family member. It was found that impulsivity, disorder, pessimism, fatigue and asthenia are some of the characteristics of this group of patients.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between the occurrence of traumatic events in childhood and the tendency to develop alcohol addiction in adulthood.