bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy-Based Shear Stress Distribution in Open Channel for all types of Flow using Experimental Data
Authors: Jeon Hae Seong , Kim Ji Min , Choo Yeon Moon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Korea’s river design standards set general design standards for river and river-related projects in Korea, which systematize the technologies and methods involved in river-related projects. This includes measurement methods for parts necessary for river design, but do not include information on shear stress. Shear Stress is to one of the factors necessary for river design and operation. Shear stress is one of the most important hydraulic factors used in the fields of water especially for artificial channel design. Shear stress is calculated from the frictional force caused by viscosity and fluctuating fluid velocity. Current methods are based on past calculations, but factors such as boundary shear stress or energy gradient are difficult to actually measure or estimate. The point velocity throughout the entire cross section is needed to calculate the velocity gradient. In other words, the current Korea’s river design standards use tractive force, critical tractive force instead of shear stress because it is more difficult to calculate the shear stress in the current method. However, it is difficult to calculate the exact value due to the limitations of the formula to obtain the river factor called the tractive force. In addition, tractive force has limitations that use empirically identified base value for use in practice. This paper focuses on the modeling of shear stress distribution in open channel turbulent flow using entropy theory. In addition, this study suggests shear stress distribution formula, which can be easily used in practice after calculating the river-specific factor T. and that the part of the tractive force and critical tractive force in the Korea’s river design standards should be modified by the shear stress obtained by the proposed shear stress distribution method. The present study therefore focuses on the modeling of shear stress distribution in open channel turbulent flow using entropy theory. The shear stress distribution model is tested using a wide range of forty-two experimental runs collected from the literature. Then, an error analysis is performed to further evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. The results revealed a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95–0.99, indicating that the proposed method can estimate shear stress distribution accurately. Based on this, the results of the distribution of shear stress after calculating the river-specific factors show a correlation coefficient of about 0.86 to 0.98, which suggests that the equation can be applied in practice.
Concurrent Hearing and Genetic Screening of 18 001 Neonates with Hearing Diagnose in Nantong, China
Authors: Chen Jianhua , Zhu Qingwen , Li Jingyu , Wang Jing , Bian Wenjun , Lin Mengsi , Lei Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Concurrent hearing and genetic screening of newborns is expected to play an important role in the early detection and diagnosis of congenital deafness, which triggers an intervention, as well as in predicting late-onset and progressive hearing loss and identifying individuals who are at risk of drug-induced hearing loss (HL).Methods: A Deafness Gene Variant Detection Array Kit covering fifteen variants in four genes was used to screen for deafness genes in 18001 infants.Results: A total of 108 neonates did not pass the second hearing screening. In addition, 912 (5.07%) screened positive for deafness-associated variants, including 78 (0.43%) genetically referred and 834 (4.63%) genetic deafness-associated variant carriers. Of the 912 screened positive cases, 880 passed the hearing screening, and 32 failed. A total of 62 (0.34%) cases carried the mtDNA 12S rRNA variants. A total of 108 cases did not pass the hearing screening and underwent a hearing diagnostic examination. An expanded DNA test identified 17 patients who possessed deafness gene mutations, increasing the detection rate to 5.16%.Conclusion: Early detection, diagnosis, and interventions are necessary for newborns who are susceptible to deafness. A good strategy is to use a small panel to quickly screen all subjects and then apply an extended panel to study the cause of deafness in affected patients.
A New ARDS Early Noninvasive Screening Protocol：Potential Value of SpO2 and FiO2 as a Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Xia Yan , Xu Qiancheng , Guo Zhiyuan , Zhang Huijuan , Cao Yingya , Qi Yupeng , Chen Qun , Lu Weihua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: A large number of recent studies have confirmed that the pulse oximetric saturation (SpO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio (SFR) correlate well with PaO2/FiO2 ratio (PFR). However, whether SFR can replace PFR for the diagnosis and evaluate the severity of ARDS patients is unclearly. The purpose of this study is to explore potential value of SFR as a new diagnostic tool for ARDS, and establish a diagnostic process.Methods: 341 patients were included in this study, SFR and PFR values were recorded in the same time. 161 patients were used to establish the model, and 180 patients were used to verify the validity of the model. 161 groups of data were divide into hypoxic group (group H) and non-hypoxic group (group N) according to whether SpO2 was greater than 97%. For group H, the regression equation was established to describe the relationship between SFR and PFR. and calculated the value of SFR when PFR is 300. For group N, the correlation between each observation data and PFR were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of the index. Finally, a new diagnostic process was established for ARDS based on these results, and the reliability was verified with Berlin definition set as the gold standard for diagnosis and classification.Results: For group H the diagnostic linear equation is PFR = 0.9162*SFR-21.39 ( R2=0.66 , P<0.0001 ). After calculation, when PFR is 300, SFR is 352. For group N, There is a significant negative correlation between FiO2 and PFR((R= -0.521,P<0.0001)). The AUC of using FiO2 to diagnose ARDS was 0.694 (95%CI 0.571~0.817, P＜0.005). When the cutoff value of FiO2 was 39%, the sensitivity was 0.838 and the specificity was 0.545. Therefore, in this new diagnosis progress, when SpO2≤97%, if SFR≤352, ARDS may exist; when SpO2>97%, if FiO2min>39%, there may be ARDS. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy of the new diagnosis progress for ARDS were 91.1%, 76.7%, 89.6%, 79.6%, and 83.9%, respectively. Conclusions: There are potential value of SpO2 and FiO2 as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for ARDS.
Heavy Metals Accumulations And Health Risk Assessment Of Faba Bean Grow On Soil Amended With Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Biochar And Co-Composted Biochar
Authors: Tessfaw Zewdu Abebe , Beyene Abebe , Nebiyu Amsalu , Pikon Krzysztof , Landrat Marcin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Health risk assessment of heavy metals is crucial before large scale applications of municipal solid waste (MSW) as organic fertilizer. This study aimed to estimate Pb, Cd and Cr accumulation and health risk in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grow on soils amended with MSW compost, biochar and co-composted biochars (5%, 15% and 25% w/w). The heavy metal concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF), Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated. Results showed that Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations in the amended soils and faba bean grain were lower than WHO permissible levels. The EDIs of Pb, Cd and Cr in grains for all amendments were much lower than the reference doses established by USEPA and FAO/WHO. HQs and HIs of heavy metals were < 1 for all amendments indicating that consumption of faba bean grow on MSW compost, khat biochar and co-composted biochar collected from Jimma city was safe related to human health risks. Low accumulation of heavy metals in faba bean indicating that the low fraction of e-waste in the MSW. Since faba bean grain is not accumulator, it’s potential of heavy metals excluder needs further explorations.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy by Improving Oxidative Stress through Activating Akt/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jiang Xinghao , Zou Yimeng , Opoku Yeboah Kwaku , Liu Shijie , Wang Dan , Kang Kai , Li Deshan , Ren Guiping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological investigations have shown an elevated expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the serum of patients with hyperuricemia. However, the effect of FGF21 on hyperuricemic nephropathy is still unknown. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore the effect and mechanism of action of FGF21 on hyperuricemic nephropathy. The level of FGF21 in PBMCs was determined in 10 patients with hyperuricemic nephropathy. Hyperuricemic mice models were induced in wild-type C57BL/6 and FGF21 knockout mice. Six mice in each group were treated with FGF21 at a dose of 1mg/kg and 5mg/kg for 30 days. For the in vitro studies, glomerular mesangial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide and monosodium uric acid to induce inflammation. This was followed by treatment with 100nM, 1000nM of FGF21 for 72 h to observe the therapeutic effect. The levels of FGF21 in patients with hyperuricemic nephropathy were elevated. Also, FGF21 knockout mice experienced more severe nephropathy compared to the WT mice. This was characterized by an increase in inflammatory factors and fibrosis in the kidney, which was reversed by exogenous FGF21 treatment. FGF21 recorded a significant therapeutic effect through the activation of Akt/Nrf2 signal pathway in both in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the effect increasing effect of FGF21 on Nrf2 was reduced by the addition of Akt inhibitor GSK690693. In conclusion, our study found for the first time that FGF21 can significantly improve hyperuricemic nephropathy through the promotion of the Akt/Nrf2 signalling pathway leading to improvement in oxidative stress.
Performance Analysis of Dual Metal Nitride Oxide GAAFET based Common Source Amplifier
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rajput Anil Kumar , Pattanaik Manisha , Srivast Pankaj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gate all around FET (GAAFET) is a widely used device structure for designing analog and digital circuits. In this research paper, a common source amplifier is designed using a dual-metal nitride oxide gate all around FET (DM-NO GAAFET), and performance is investigated for gain, bandwidth, leakage power, and average power. Moreover, analytical expressions of potential, threshold voltage, and DIBL have also been given for DM-NO GAAFET. The DM-NO GAAFET based common source (CS) amplifier is compared with the MOSFET based CS amplifier to analyse the performance. First, RF performance parameters of total gate capacitance, unity gain frequency, and transit time are investigated for DM-NO GAAFET; consequently, look up table based Verilog A model is used to design CS amplifier. Since DM-NO GAAFET provides the very small value of miller capacitance which increases the maximum unity gain frequency of 2.340 THz at the gate voltage of 0.7V. The voltage gain of 2.51 at the frequency range of 10Hz to 50GHz for DM-NO GAAFET based CS amplifier, is observed which is 40.23 % higher as compared to MOSFET based CS amplifier. Furthermore, the higher bandwidth of 20GHz is also exhibited by DM-NO GAAFET based CS amplifier, which is advantageous for higher frequency applications. The leakage power and average power are reduced by 46.07% and 80.05%, respectively, for DM-NO GAAFET based CS amplifier, which makes it very much suitable for low power and higher frequency analog integrated circuits.
Catalytic effect of TMCmHm compounds on the reaction rate of " Hydrazin - Oxygen "fuel cell "TM = Cr, Sc, Ti, V and m= 4 or 5" A DFT Study ​
Authors: Mahmodi Zohreh Mohammadi Ahmad , Aghaie Mehran , Noei Maziar , Aghaie Hossein 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Platinum and similar metals are suitable catalysts in response to fuel cells, however, because of being costly, their use is limited. So in this study, the catalytic efficiency of some organometallic compounds with the general formula TMCmHm on the reaction rate of "Hydrazine- Oxygen "fuel cell was studied via density Functional Theory (DFT). To perform the respect calculations, the PW91 method and 6-31 G(d) basis set were used. Bonds’ length of O=O and N-N increased in response to their adsorption onto TMCmHm and theoretical study of N2H4-O2 fuel cell the partial transfer of negative charge from organometallic compounds to their π * orbitals. Bond length of O=O increased by 24% due to its adsorption on ScC5H5 and N-N on ScC5H5 increased by 11%. The optimal structure of each studied organometallic compound was plotted by performing natural bond orbital calculations (NBO). The energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) were calculated. Besides, , the gap energies (Eg), chemical hardness (ɳ), chemical potential (µ), and electrophilicity (ω) were calculated in each case. Then, the optimal structure of O2/TMCmHm and N2H4/ TMCmHm pairs was plotted; the adsorption energy of O2 and N2H4 on each of TMCmHm was evaluated. The kinetic adsorption of O2 and N2H4 on the Sc C5H5 compound was investigated by the 6-31 G * method. The potential energy of O2/TMCmHm and N2H4/ TMCmHm pairs in the initial and final position and the transient state were estimated, and the respect kinetic parameters were calculated.
Selected components of the lifestyle of adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis – an observational study
Authors: Brzęk Anna , Strauss Markus , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian , Leischik Roman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This research study is focused on factors affecting the level of physical activity in girls with scoliosis, looking for answers as to whether scoliosis itself is a predictive factor of motor passivity, which, as WHO indicates, is dangerous to health. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine selected components of the lifestyle of young women with diagnosed scoliosis in confrontation with a group of women who were not diagnosed with spinal deformities. Methods: The study consisted of a group of 82 young girls aged 16 – 18 years (x=16.9±0.81) with AIS (mean Cobb angle=17.37±4.05) who were who were the main group. The control group included 138 young health girls with the same ages. The girls were not diagnosed with idiopathic adolescent scoliosis and their body posture were not deviate from the norm in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. BMI was calculated in percentiles, and the physical activity level by IPAQ have been investigated. Results In the studied groups of girls the level of physical activity at the moderate level dominates (p>0.05). There are no differences between each IPAQ domain except for the domains “Leisure/Free time” (t=2.23; P=.02). Among the assessed factors, only BMI (A; p<0.003 and B; 0.0001), diet (A; 0.0006 and B; 0.0002) and the use of electronic devices (A; 0.00004 and B; 0.03) influence the physical activity in both groups. Place of residence, age, self acceptance, physical activity of parents and sedentary positions are not important (all p values in the range 0.17 – 0.94). Conclusion. The most important aspect of teenage girls' lifestyles is physical activity and the leisure and diet, as well as body weight. Scoliosis is not a determinant of physical activity and its level does not significantly differ between girls who are diagnosed with scoliosis and those with normal body posture, except for leisure time, which is more passive in girls with scoliosis. Overweight and abnormal eating habits affect physical activity regardless of the quality of posture. A reduction in physical activity predisposes to more frequent and increased use of electronic devices during the week.
Infiltrating Ductal Breast Carcinoma Metastasized to the Rectum: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Ban Bo , Yang Yong-Ping , Li Jian-Nan , Zhang Kai , Liu Tong-Jun , Shi Jian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis in breast cancer (BC) is uncommon, although in the rare cases when it occurs, infiltrating lobular carcinoma is the most commonly reported pathological subtype. Nonetheless, gastrointestinal metastasis from infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma is extremely rare and usually occurs several years after the appearance of the primary tumor. The present study was, to the best of our knowledge, the first one to present a case of distal rectum metastasis originating from infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION:The present report discusses the case of a Chinese female patient aged 37 years. The patient presented with diarrhea along with bloody stools and anal bearing-down pain. Earlier in 2015, she had undergone axillary lymph node dissection (LND) and right modified radical mastectomy in another hospital to treat the infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma pT1N1M0. The presented symptoms were investigated by performing colonoscopy, which indicated lower rectal swelling at 3 cm on the top of the anal verge. Further investigation with positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed an uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) within the distal rectum as well as in the left acetabulum. The samples from laparoscopic exploration were biopsied, which revealed metastases of breast cancer. Therefore, the patient was intraoperatively diagnosed with the rectal metastasis of BC and was treated with laparoscopic radical abdominoperineal resection. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor confirmed that the patient had the rectal metastasis of infiltrating ductal BC. CONCLUSION:Rectal metastasis should be considered when breast cancer patients present with a complaint of changed bowel habits, even for those with a history of ductal breast cancer.
Biological Characteristics and Genomic Analysis of Aeromonas Hydrophila Phage BUCT551 Isolated From Aquatic Sewage
Authors: Qin Hongbo , He Shiting , Xu Xuling , An Xiaoping , Liu Ke , Lou Fuxing , Wang Shuqi , Song Lihua , Fan Huahao , Tong Yigang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a common opportunistic pathogen in aquaculture and is ubiquitous in aquatic environment. Whereby its accessibility, variety and host specificity, phage is increasingly considered as a promising complementary medicine for antibiotics. However, a small amount of A. hydrophila phages have been characterized, which suggests the significance to isolate and characterize novel A. hydrophila phages. In this study, we isolated a novel Aeromonas hydrophila phage using A. hydrophila strain A18 as an indicator and designated it as BUCT551, and it was identified as Myoviridae phage by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The whole genome sequencing of the phage BUCT551 revealed that it has a linear DNA genome of 613,82 bp. BLASTn analysis showed that phage BUCT551 shared 86.75% homology with A. hydrophila phage LAh_7 (Genebank ID: MK838113.1). The one-step growth curve demonstrated that phage BUCT551 had a latent period of 20 min and the burst size of 32 pfu/cell at its optimal MOI of 0.1. The phage BUCT551 had a survival pH range from 5 to 10 and tolerant temperature from 0℃ to 40℃. Host range analysis shown that the phage was able to lyse not only A. hydrophila, but also A. veronii.
Effects of novel bioorganic fertilizer application on soil enzymes and bacterial community in multi-site rice paddies in China
Authors: Li Zuren , Han Jingcai , Bai Haodong , Peng Di , Wang Lifeng , Bai Lianyang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Application of the novel bioorganic fertilizer (BIO) is effectively used to inhibit weeds in rice paddies. To identify changes in soil bacterial community and enzymes in response to BIO treatments, field experiments were carried out in five major rice-growing areas in China. The dominant phylogenetic groups recorded included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escgerichia- Shigella, Geobacter and Haliangium were significantly different and aided in general function (R), amino acid transport, metabolism (E) and transcription (K) clusters between BIO-treatment and untreated control. The soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were less affected by BIO at these study sites. RDA analysis showed that soil bacterial community had a significant positive correlations among northern latitude, eastern longitude, exchangeable K, total K, total P, soil pH, and total N, except for organic matter, hydrolytic N and extractable P. Overall, our work showed that application of BIO does not alter the main community structure and functional diversity of soil bacterial in rice paddies and should be encouraged for use as a sustainable weed management strategy.
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization increases the uptake of soil heavy metal pollutants by plant community
Authors: Tang Guangmei , Zhang Xiaole , Qi Lanlan , Wang Chenjiao , Li Lei , Guo Jiahang , Dou Xiaolin , Lu Meng , Huang Jingxin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Soil heavy metal pollution is widespread around the world. Heavy metal pollutants are easily absorbed by plants and enriched in food chain, which may harm human health, cause the loss of plant, animal and microbial diversity. Plants can generally absorb soil heavy metal pollutants. Compared with hyperaccumulation plants, non-hyperaccumulator plant communities have many advantages in the remediation of heavy metals pollution in soil. However, the amount of heavy metals absorbed could be less, and the biomass would be reduced under heavy metal pollution. The application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is inexpensive and convenient, which can increase the resistance of plants to adversity and promote the growth of plants of heavy metal polluted soils.Methods: We designed a comparative greenhouse experiment with heavy metal contaminated soils, and set up four treatments: CK treatment (soil without fertilizer), N treatment (soil with N addition), P treatment (soil with P addition), and N+P treatment (soil with N and P addition).Results: Our results showed that plant aboveground biomass were 231.17%, 14.84%, 269.86% greater than CK treatment, respectively. N and P fertilizer stimulated plants to allocate more biomass to the aboveground parts. In addition, N treatments significantly reduced the content of Cd in aboveground and belowground biomass of plants (P < 0.05); P fertilizer significantly decreased the content of Cu in aboveground biomass (P < 0.05). N+P treatments significantly reduced the content of Cd, Cu in aboveground and belowground biomass of plants (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, N and N+P significantly increased the accumulation (mg/m2) of Cd, Cu, and Pb in plant aboveground biomass (P < 0.05). N and N+P fertilizer increased aboveground-belowground heavy metals accumulation ratio (P < 0.05), promoting plants to uptake more heavy metal pollution out of soil.Conclusions: N and P fertilizer increased the accumulation of heavy metals in aboveground of the natural plant community and accelerated the absorption of heavy metals by plants, and N fertilizer had a better effect. Our results provide an inexpensive method for remediation of heavy metal pollution in low economic value soils, such as contaminated farmland, abandoned land and mine tailings, etc.