bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary sodium excretion and dietary sources of sodium intake in community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 50 years and over
Authors: Yeung Suey SY , Chan Ruth SM , Li Liz , Leung Jason , Woo Jean 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:This study examined Na intake and identified the major food sources of Na in healthy Chinese adults aged ≥50 years in Hong Kong.Design:Participants who completed a baseline assessment of a randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of exercise and nutrition supplementation on improving physical and cognitive functions were included. A single 24-h urine sample and a 3-d diet record were used to measure urinary Na excretion and dietary intake, respectively. The compliances to the WHO (<5 g/d) and China Nutrition Society (<6 g/d) recommendations for salt intake were assessed based on the urinary Na excretion. The relative contribution of sixteen food groups to the dietary Na intake was expressed as percentages. Associations between food groups and urinary Na excretion were analysed using multiple linear regression.Setting:Community facilities.Participants:Totally, 114 healthy Chinese adults (mean age 60·6 years, 55 % women).Results:The mean urinary Na excretion over 24-h was 2876·6 ± 1249·4 mg/d (7·3 ± 3·2 g salt/d). Overall, 22·8 % of participants met the WHO recommendation and 34·2 % met the Chinese Nutrition Society recommendation for salt intake. The major food sources of dietary Na intake were condiments (42·4 %), cereals and their products (16·8 %) and soups (13·5 %). Higher intakes of seafood and nuts were associated with lower urinary Na excretion.Conclusions:Public health strategies should target healthy Chinese adults in Hong Kong to modify the current patterns of Na intake. Targeting condiments, cereals and their products and soups will be an important strategy to reduce their Na intake.
Gender-based eating norms, the family environment and food intake among Costa Rican adolescents
Authors: Monge-Rojas Rafael , Colón-Ramos Uriyoán , Chinnock Anne , Smith-Castro Vanessa , Reyes-Fernández Benjamín 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between family environment variables (parenting styles, family meal atmosphere), gender-based stereotypes and food intake in Latin American adolescents.Design:Structural equation modelling applied to cross-sectional data, 2017.Setting:Urban and rural sites of San José, Costa Rica.Participants:n813; 13–18 years old.Results:Data suggest direct associations between gender-based stereotypes and intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) (β= 0·20,P< 0·05), unhealthy foods (fast food (FF)) (β= −0·24,P< 0·01) and ultra-processed foods (β= −0·15,P< 0·05) among urban girls; intake of legumes among rural girls (β= 0·16,P< 0·05) and intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) among rural boys (β= 0·22,P< 0·05). Family meal atmosphere was associated with legume intake (β= 0·19,P<·05) among rural girls. Authoritative parenting style was associated with FV intake (β= 0·23,P< 0·05) among urban boys and FF intake (β= 0·17,P< 0·05) among urban girls. Authoritarian parenting style was associated with FV consumption (β= 0·19,P< 0·05) among rural boys, and with SSB and FF consumption (β= 0·21,P< 0·05;β= 0·14,P< 0·05, respectively) among urban girls.Conclusions:Findings are the first to describe the complex family environment and gender-based stereotypes within the context of a Latin American country. They emphasise the need for culturally relevant measurements to characterise the sociocultural context in which parent–adolescent dyads socialise and influence food consumption.
Bering and Kant on a Hundred Actual and Possible Thalers
Authors: Rovira Rogelio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper has three aims. First, to show Kant’s originality in using the celebrated example of the hundred thalers as a criticism of the ontological proof, despite being inspired by a 1780 booklet by Johann Bering. Second, to assess Bering’s and Kant’s different reasons for supporting the truth meant to be illustrated by the case of the thalers. Third, to point out that the debate on the example demands a discussion of the problem of universals. Indeed, the value and scope of Kant’s (and Bering’s) critique of the ontological argument is decisively determined by his position on this problem.
Volunteer potato interference and removal timing in sugar beet
Authors: Adjesiwor Albert T. , Felix Joel , Morishita Don W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractField studies were conducted from 2005 to 2009 in Idaho and Oregon to 1) evaluate the competitive effect of volunteer potato on sugar beet yield (volunteer potato competition experiment), and 2) determine the optimum timing of volunteer potato removal from glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet fields using glyphosate (volunteer potato removal timing experiment). The volunteer potato competition experiment consisted of eight potato densities, including the untreated check: 0, 6,741, 10,092, 13,455, 16,818, 20,184, 26,910, and 40,365 tubers ha−1. The volunteer potato removal experiment consisted of 10 removal timings (including the untreated check) ranging from the 10-cm rosette stage to mid-tuber bulking. There was a linear decrease in sugar beet root and sucrose yield as volunteer potato density increased (P < 0.001) such that with every volunteer potato tuber per square meter, sugar beet root yield decreased by 15% and sucrose yield decreased by 14%. At the highest volunteer potato density (40,365 tubers ha−1), sugar beet root yield was 29,600 kg ha−1(compared to 73,600 kg ha−1for the untreated), representing a 60% reduction in sugar beet root yield. In the removal timing study, a one-time application of glyphosate at the 10-cm rosette, hooking, and tuber initiation stages provided 74% to 98% reduction in volunteer potato tuber biomass. Delaying volunteer potato removal beyond the tuber initiation stage reduced sugar beet root and sucrose yield (12% to 20%), resulting in an economic loss of $104 to $161 per hectare. The best potato removal timing that optimizes the trade-off between improved control and potential for sugar beet yield reductions is before or at the tuber initiation stage.
The Intensifying Role of High Wind Speeds on Air‐Sea Carbon Dioxide Exchange
Authors: Gu Yuanyuan , Katul Gabriel G. , Cassar Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile it has been known that wave breaking and bubble generation at high wind speeds enhance air‐sea carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange rates (F), quantification of their contribution at the global scale remains a formidable challenge. There is urgency to make progress on this issue as a significant uptick in both magnitude and frequency of high wind events (HW) has been documented over the last 3 decades. Using a wind‐wave dependent expression for gas transfer velocity (k) that explicitly considers bubbles and a widely used wind‐only parameterization, the spatial pattern of k at high winds can be explained by sea surface temperature distribution. The HW, which represent some 3% of wind conditions, contribute disproportionally to the global F (18%) with an increasing trend. Approximately 50% of the global F at high winds is attributed to bubble contribution. The findings are of significance to quantifying CO2 transfer to the ocean interior.
What Determines the Lagged ENSO Response in the South‐West Indian Ocean?
Authors: Eabry M. D. , Taschetto A. S. , Maharaj A. M. , Sen Gupta A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOceanic Rossby waves can propagate climate signals over considerable distances over long timescales. Using a long simulation from a coupled climate model, we examine oceanic and mixed atmosphere‐ocean teleconnections to the south‐western Indian Ocean (SWIO) associated with Rossby waves excited by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Reconstruction of propagating ENSO‐induced sea‐level anomalies from the simulation using an optimized linear wave model with dissipation highlights the prominent role of baroclinic, rather than barotropic, Rossby waves in modulating sea‐surface heights. Between 9.5° and 18.5°S, El Niño‐associated anomalous anticyclonic wind‐stress fields initiate downwelling Rossby waves, potentially influencing SWIO regional climate around 1–4 seasons after El Niño peak, while also destructively interfering with upwelling waves triggered on the eastern boundary by oceanic teleconnections. Further south, weaker ENSO winds, dissipation, non‐linear processes, and interference from higher‐mode Rossby waves limit ENSO influences in the SWIO. In the model, ENSO‐associated predictability is therefore constrained by the “atmospheric” rather than “oceanic” bridge.
Comparing Electron Precipitation Fluxes Calculated From Pitch Angle Diffusion Coefficients to LEO Satellite Observations
Authors: Reidy J. A. , Horne R. B. , Glauert S. A. , Clilverd M. A. , Meredith N. P. , Woodfield E. E. , Ross J. P. , Allison H. J. , Rodger C. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParticle precipitation is a loss mechanism from the radiation belts whereby particles trapped by the Earth's magnetic field are scattered into the loss cone due to wave‐particle interactions. Energetic electron precipitation creates ozone destroying chemicals which can affect the temperatures of the polar regions, therefore it is crucial to accurately quantify this impact on the Earth's atmosphere. We use bounce‐averaged pitch angle diffusion coefficients for whistler mode chorus waves, plasmaspheric hiss and atmospheric collisions to calculate magnetic local time (MLT) dependent electron precipitation inside the field of view of the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) T0 detector, between 26–30 March 2013. These diffusion coefficients are used in the BAS Radiation Belt Model (BAS‐RBM) and this paper is a first step toward testing the loss in this model via comparison with real world data. We find the best agreement between the calculated and measured T0 precipitation at L* > 5 on the dawnside for the >30 keV electron channel, consistent with precipitation driven by lower band chorus. Additional diffusion is required to explain the flux at higher energies and on the dusk side. The POES T0 detector underestimates electron precipitation as its field of view does not measure the entire loss cone. We demonstrate the potential for utilizing diffusion coefficients to reconstruct precipitating flux over the entire loss cone. Our results show that the total precipitation can exceed that measured by the POES >30 keV electron channel by a factor that typically varies from 1 to 10 for L* = 6, 6.5, and 7.
Using linkage logic theory to control dynamics of a gene regulatory network of a chordate embryo
Authors: Kobayashi Kenji , Maeda Kazuki , Tokuoka Miki , Mochizuki Atsushi , Satou Yutaka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLinkage logic theory provides a mathematical criterion to control network dynamics by manipulating activities of a subset of network nodes, which are collectively called a feedback vertex set (FVS). Because many biological functions emerge from dynamics of biological networks, this theory provides a promising tool for controlling biological functions. By manipulating the activity of FVS molecules identified in a gene regulatory network (GRN) for fate specification of seven tissues in ascidian embryos, we previously succeeded in reproducing six of the seven cell types. Simultaneously, we discovered that the experimentally reconstituted GRN lacked information sufficient to reproduce muscle cells. Here, we utilized linkage logic theory as a tool to find missing edges in the GRN. Then, we identified a FVS from an updated version of the GRN and confirmed that manipulating the activity of this FVS was sufficient to induce all seven cell types, even in a multi-cellular environment. Thus, linkage logic theory provides tools to find missing edges in experimentally reconstituted networks, to determine whether reconstituted networks contain sufficient information to fulfil expected functions, and to reprogram cell fate.
Use Internet search data to accurately track state level influenza epidemics
Authors: Yang Shihao , Ning Shaoyang , Kou S. C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor epidemics control and prevention, timely insights of potential hot spots are invaluable. Alternative to traditional epidemic surveillance, which often lags behind real time by weeks, big data from the Internet provide important information of the current epidemic trends. Here we present a methodology, ARGOX (Augmented Regression with GOogle data CROSS space), for accurate real-time tracking of state-level influenza epidemics in the United States. ARGOX combines Internet search data at the national, regional and state levels with traditional influenza surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and accounts for both the spatial correlation structure of state-level influenza activities and the evolution of people’s Internet search pattern. ARGOX achieves on average 28% error reduction over the best alternative for real-time state-level influenza estimation for 2014 to 2020. ARGOX is robust and reliable and can be potentially applied to track county- and city-level influenza activity and other infectious diseases.
Telomere length and outcome of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in a gold mining community
Authors: Katoto Patrick D. M. C. , Kayembe-Kitenge Tony , Pollitt Krystal J. Godri , Martens Dries S. , Ghosh Manosij , Nachega Jean B. , Nemery Benoit , Nawrot Tim S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTelomere length (TL) is a marker of ageing and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an early marker of inflammation caused by oxidative stress. We determined TL and mtDNA content among active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients to assess if these cellular biomarkers differed between artisanal miners and non-miners, and to assess if they were predictive of treatment outcome. We conducted a prospective cohort study from August 2018 to May 2019 involving newly diagnosed PTB patients at three outpatient TB clinics in a rural Democratic Republic of Congo. We measured relative TL and mtDNA content in peripheral blood leukocytes (at inclusion) via qPCR and assessed their association with PTB treatment outcome. We included 129 patients (85 miners and 44 non-miners) with PTB (median age 40 years; range 5–71 years, 22% HIV-coinfected). For each increase in year and HIV-coinfection, TL shortened by − 0.85% (− 0.19 to − 0.52) (p ≤ 0.0001) and − 14% (− 28.22 to − 1.79) (p = 0.02) respectively. Independent of these covariates, patients with longer TL were more likely to have successful TB treatment [adjusted hazard ratio; 95% CI 1.27 for a doubling of leucocyte telomere length at baseline; 1.05–1.44] than patients with a shorter TL. Blood mtDNA content was not predictive for PTB outcome. For a given chronological age, PTB patients with longer telomeres at time of diagnosis were more likely to have successful PTB treatment outcome.
Reproducing asymmetrical spine shape fluctuations in a model of actin dynamics predicts self-organized criticality
Authors: Bonilla-Quintana Mayte , Wörgötter Florentin , D’Este Elisa , Tetzlaff Christian , Fauth Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDendritic spines change their size and shape spontaneously, but the function of this remains unclear. Here, we address this in a biophysical model of spine fluctuations, which reproduces experimentally measured spine fluctuations. For this, we characterize size- and shape fluctuations from confocal microscopy image sequences using autoregressive models and a new set of shape descriptors derived from circular statistics. Using the biophysical model, we extrapolate into longer temporal intervals and find the presence of 1/fnoise. When investigating its origins, the model predicts that the actin dynamics underlying shape fluctuations self-organizes into a critical state, which creates a fine balance between static actin filaments and free monomers. In a comparison against a non-critical model, we show that this state facilitates spine enlargement, which happens after LTP induction. Thus, ongoing spine shape fluctuations might be necessary to react quickly to plasticity events.
Overexpression of ZmWRKY65 transcription factor from maize confers stress resistances in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Huo Tong , Wang Chang-Tao , Yu Tai-Fei , Wang Da-Ming , Li Meng , Zhao Dan , Li Xiu-Ting , Fu Jin-Dong , Xu Zhao-Shi , Song Xin-Yuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlant-specific WRKY transcription factors play important roles in regulating the expression of defense-responsive genes against pathogen attack. A multiple stress-responsive WRKY gene, ZmWRKY65, was identified in maize by screening salicylic acid (SA)-induced de novo transcriptomic sequences. The ZmWRKY65 protein was localized in the nucleus of mesophyll protoplasts. The analysis of the ZmWRKY65 promoter sequence indicated that it contains several stress-related transcriptional regulatory elements. Many environmental factors affecting the transcription of ZmWRKY65 gene, such as drought, salinity, high temperature and low temperature stress. Moreover, the transcription of ZmWRKY65 gene was also affected by the induction of defense related plant hormones such as SA and exogenous ABA. The results of seed germination and stomatal aperture assays indicated that transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibit enhanced sensitivity to ABA and high concentrations of SA. Overexpression of ZmWRKY65 improved tolerance to both pathogen attack and abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants and activated several stress-related genes such as RD29A, ERD10, and STZ as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as PR1, PR2 and PR5; these genes are involved in resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis. Together, this evidence implies that the ZmWRKY65 gene is involved in multiple stress signal transduction pathways.
Eosinophils may serve as CEA-secreting cells for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) patients
Authors: Yang Yanfei , Gao qiqi , Jin Yangyi , Qi Mengdie , Lu Guohua , HequanLi  
Published: February 2021

AbstractAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to the fungus Aspergillus. This study aimed to assess the relationship between carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and eosinophils in ABPA patients. We describes a case of a 50-year-old patient who was diagnosed with ABPA presenting with high level of CEA and eosinophils. Besides,we used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to identify eosinophils and CEA in sections which were obtained by Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy aspiration (EBUS-TBLB). The sections were then visualized using confocal microscopy. We also retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 37 ABPA patients between January 2013 and December 2019 in our hospital. We found the patient whose serum CEA levels were consistent with eosinophils during the follow-up (r = 0.929, P = 0.022). The positive expression of CEA and abnormal expression of eosinophils was higher in the ABPA tissue compared to the normal lung tissue. The co-localization was represented as pixels containing both red and green color in the image (with various shades of orange and yellow) which signified that eosinophils were immunohistochemically positive for CEA. Patients with higher levels of eosinophils had higher levels of CEA in the serum (P < 0.001). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of eosinophils were positively correlated with serum CEA levels (r = 0.459 and r = 0.506, P = 0.004 and P = 0.001). Serum CEA level is elevated in ABPA patients. The elevated serum CEA level was shown to be normalized after treatment. Increased CEA levels in ABPA patients may be positively correlated with eosinophil levels, and eosinophils may be served as CEA-secreting cells in patients with ABPA.
Elevated circulating FABP4 concentration predicts cardiovascular death in a general population: a 12-year prospective study
Authors: Saito Norie , Furuhashi Masato , Koyama Masayuki , Higashiura Yukimura , Akasaka Hiroshi , Tanaka Marenao , Moniwa Norihito , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Saitoh Shigeyuki , Ura Nobuyuki , Shimamoto Kazuaki , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is secreted from adipose tissue and acts as an adipokine, and an elevated circulating FABP4 level is associated with metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the causal link between circulating FABP4 level and mortality in a general population. We investigated the relationship between FABP4 concentration and mortality including cardiovascular death during a 12-year period in subjects of the Tanno-Sobetsu Study, a population-based cohort (n = 721, male/female: 302/419). FABP4 concentration at baseline was significantly higher in female subjects than in male subjects. All-cause death occurred in 123 (male/female: 74/49) subjects, and 34 (male/female: 20/14) and 42 (male/female: 26/16) subjects died of cardiovascular events and cancer, respectively. When divided into 3 groups according to tertiles of FABP4 level at baseline by sex (T1–T3), Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that there were significant differences in rates of all-cause death and cardiovascular death, but not cancer death, among the groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model analysis with a restricted cubic spline showed that hazard ratio (HR) for cardiovascular death, but not that for all-cause death, significantly increased with a higher FABP4 level at baseline after adjustment of age and sex. The risk of cardiovascular death after adjustment of age, sex, body mass index and levels of brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the 3rd tertile (T3) group (HR: 4.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–22.3) was significantly higher than that in the 1st tertile (T1) group as the reference. In conclusion, elevated circulating FABP4 concentration predicts cardiovascular death in a general population.
Real-time acoustic sensing and artificial intelligence for error prevention in orthopedic surgery
Authors: Seibold Matthias , Maurer Steven , Hoch Armando , Zingg Patrick , Farshad Mazda , Navab Nassir , Fürnstahl Philipp 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, we developed and validated a computer method capable of robustly detecting drill breakthrough events and show the potential of deep learning-based acoustic sensing for surgical error prevention. Bone drilling is an essential part of orthopedic surgery and has a high risk of injuring vital structures when over-drilling into adjacent soft tissue. We acquired a dataset consisting of structure-borne audio recordings of drill breakthrough sequences with custom piezo contact microphones in an experimental setup using six human cadaveric hip specimens. In the following step, we developed a deep learning-based method for the automated detection of drill breakthrough events in a fast and accurate fashion. We evaluated the proposed network regarding breakthrough detection sensitivity and latency. The best performing variant yields a sensitivity of $$93.64 \pm 2.42$$

93.64
±
2.42

% for drill breakthrough detection in a total execution time of 139.29$${\hbox { ms}}$$

ms

. The validation and performance evaluation of our solution demonstrates promising results for surgical error prevention by automated acoustic-based drill breakthrough detection in a realistic experiment while being multiple times faster than a surgeon’s reaction time. Furthermore, our proposed method represents an important step for the translation of acoustic-based breakthrough detection towards surgical use.