bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict adaptation and related neuronal processing in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rodriguez-Raecke Rea , Schrader Christoph , Tacik Pawel , Dressler Dirk , Lanfermann Heinrich , Wittfoth Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNon-motor symptoms like cognitive impairment are a huge burden for patients with Parkinson’s disease. We examined conflict adaptation by using the congruency sequence effect as an index of adaptation in 17 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 18 healthy controls with an Eriksen flanker task using functional magnet resonance imaging to reveal possible differences in executive function performance. We observed overall increased response times in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to healthy controls. A flanker interference effect and congruency sequence effect occurred in both groups. A significant interaction of current and previous trial type was revealed, but no effect of response sequence concerning left or right motor responses. Therefore, top-down conflict monitoring processes are likely the main contributors leading to the congruency sequence effect in our paradigm. In both groups incongruent flanker events elicited activation in the middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the insula in contrast to congruent flanker events. A psychophysiological interactions analysis revealed increased functional connectivity of inferior parietal cortex as a seed to the left prefrontal thalamus during incongruent vs. congruent and neutral stimuli in patients with Parkinson’s disease that may reflect compensatory facilitating action selection processes. We conclude that patients with Parkinson’s disease exhibit conflict adaptation comparable to healthy controls when investigated while receiving their usual medication.
Riding the waves: the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on a national surgical training cohort
Authors: Hennessy Orla , Fowler Amy Lee , Hennessy Conor , Brinkman David , Hogan Aisling , Nugent Emmeline , Joyce Myles 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organisation declared a global pandemic on the 11 March 2020 resulting in implementation of methods to contain viral spread, including curtailment of all elective and non-emergent interventions. Many institutions have experienced changes in rostering practices and redeployment of trainees to non-surgical services. Examinations, study days, courses, and conferences have been cancelled. These changes have the potential to significantly impact the education and training of surgical trainees.

Aim
To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training, educational, and operative experiences of Irish surgical trainees.

Methods
Surgical trainees were surveyed anonymously regarding changes in working and educational practices since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020. The survey was circulated in May 2020 to both core and higher RCSI surgical trainees, when restrictions were at level five. Questions included previous and current access to operative sessions as well as operative cases, previous and current educational activities, access to senior-led training, and access to simulation-/practical-based training methods. A repeat survey was carried out in October 2020 when restrictions were at level two.

Results
Overall, primary and secondary survey response rates were 29% (n = 98/340) and 19.1% (n = 65/340), respectively. At the time of circulation of the second survey, the number of operative sessions attended and cases performed had significantly improved to numbers experienced pre-pandemic (p < 0.0001). Exposure to formal teaching and education sessions returned to pre-COVID levels (p < 0.0001). Initially, 23% of trainees had an examination cancelled; 53% of these trainees have subsequently sat these examinations. Of note 27.7% had courses cancelled, and 97% of these had not been rescheduled.

Conclusion
Surgical training and education have been significantly impacted in light of COVID-19. This is likely to continue to fluctuate in line with subsequent waves. Significant efforts have to be made to enable trainees to meet educational and operative targets.
The peri- and intratumoral immune cell infiltrate and PD-L1 status in invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the penis
Authors: Müller T. , Demes M. , Lehn A. , Köllermann J. , Vallo S. , Wild P. J. , Winkelmann R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Penile carcinomas are rare tumors throughout Europe. Therefore, little attention is drawn to this disease. That makes it important to study tumor-associated key metrics and relate these to known data on penile neoplasias.

Materials and methods
A cohort of 60 well-defined penile invasive carcinomas with known human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status was investigated. Data on tumor type, grading and staging were recorded. Additionally, data on the peri- and intratumoral immune cell infiltrate in a semiquanititave manner applying an HE stain were assessed.

Results
Our study showed a significant correlation of immune cell infiltrate and pT stage with overall survival. Therefore, in a subset of tumors, PD-L1 staining was applied. For tumor proportion score (TPS), 26 of 30 samples (87%) were scored >0%. For the immune cell score (IC), 28 of 30 samples (93%) were defined as >0% and for CPS, 29 of 30 samples (97%) scored >0. PD-L1 expression was not associated with overall survival.

Conclusion
PD-L1 is expressed in penile carcinomas, providing a rationale for targeted therapy with checkpoint inhibitors. We were able to show that immune reaction appears to be prognostically relevant. These data enhance the need for further studies on the immune cell infiltrate in penile neoplasias and show that PD-L1 expression is existent in our cohort, which may be a potential target for checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Situating Mindfulness, Part 1: Early Buddhism and Scientific Research in Psychology
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As the first of three articles, the present essay explores the character of selected aspects of early Buddhism in order to assess its potential relevance as a reference point for those engaged in research on mindfulness in psychology. The exploration, which proceeds in critical dialog with suggestions made by Donald Lopez Jr. and Evan Thompson, covers the topics of the Buddha’s omniscience, Buddhist cosmology, the notion of karma, the role of rebirth, the past lives of the Buddha, and the role of religious authority vis-à-vis the scope of personal investigation in early Buddhist thought. The present paper is meant to serve as a corrective to an apparent tendency in recent scholarship, as part of an in itself deserved criticism of exaggerated positions taken by Buddhist modernists, to overlook or even deny rational dimensions of Buddhist thought, here in particular taken up from the viewpoint of its earliest phase. This tendency appears at times to be based on a lack of historical perspective or understanding of Buddhist doctrines and their development.
Determining infrastructure requirements for an air taxi service at Cologne Bonn Airport
Authors: Feldhoff Eva , Soares Roque Gonçalo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe worldwide increasing population density in major urban centres poses great challenges for transportation systems. Air taxi services could be a solution to this growing problem by bringing the existing transportation system to the three dimensional space. This paper analyzes the challenges and requirements of developing a vertiport intended for the use of air taxis at Cologne Bonn Airport. This research was conducted with the information available at the time of writing, for which a basis scenario is defined for the Cologne Bonn Airport where important aspects of an air taxi service are determined such as passenger demand and possible vehicles. The main aspects analysed were the requirements on the vertiport infrastructure and its location, as well as the requirements on passenger processing. For the defined basis scenario, results show that the preferential locations to develop a vertiport at Cologne Bonn Airport are the roof top levels of parking garages P2 and P3. Furthermore, it is shown that given the estimated passenger demand, a very high utilization factor of the defined infrastructure is to be expected. This paper provides a starting point for the development of an air taxi service at Cologne Bonn Airport. Further research is needed in key issues such as the financial aspects of an air taxi service, its integration into the current operating scenario of the Cologne Bonn Airport and the approval process for an air taxi service and the vertiport itself.
True by Default
Authors: GRIFFITH AARON M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper defends a new version of truthmaker non-maximalism. The central feature of the view is the notion of a default truth-value. I offer a novel explanation for default truth-values and use it to motivate a general approach to the relation between truth-value and ontology, which I call truth-value-maker theory. According to this view, some propositions are false unless made true, whereas others are true unless made false. A consequence of the theory is that negative existential truths need no truthmakers and that positive existential falsehoods need no falsemakers.
Automated facial recognition and policing: a Bridge too far?
Authors: Purshouse Joe , Campbell Liz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAutomated facial recognition (AFR) is perhaps the most controversial policing tool of the twenty-first century. Police forces in England and Wales, and beyond, are using facial recognition in various contexts, from evidence gathering to the identification and monitoring of criminal suspects. Despite uncertainty regarding its accuracy, and widespread concerns about its impact on human rights and broader social consequences, the rise of police facial recognition continues unabated by law. Both the Government and the domestic courts were satisfied that police use of this technology is regulated adequately by existing statutory provisions regulating the processing of data and police surveillance generally. That is, until the recent judgment of the Court of Appeal in R (Bridges) v Chief Constable of South Wales Police and Others [2020] EWCA Civ 1058, where it was held that the respondent's use of AFR was unlawful. This paper provides an analysis of AFR, reflecting on the outcome of that case and evaluates its nuanced findings. We suggest that the judgment leaves considerable room for police AFR to continue with only minor, piecemeal amendment to the legal framework. Drawing on comparative experience and relevant socio-legal scholarship, we argue that the relatively unfettered rise of police facial recognition in England and Wales illuminates deeper flaws in the domestic framework for fundamental human rights protection and adjudication, which create the conditions for authoritarian policing and surveillance to expand.
Good riddance to bad government? Institutional performance voting in Swedish municipalities
Authors: Broms Rasmus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectoral accountability is widely considered to be an essential component for maintaining the quality of a polity’s institutions. Nevertheless, a growing body of research has found weak or limited support for the notion that voters punish political corruption, a central but partial aspect of institutional quality. In order to capture the full range of institutional dysfunction an electorate should be incentivised to punish, I further the concept of institutional performance voting, that is, voting on institutional quality as a whole. Using a novel data set on performance audit reports in Swedish municipalities between 2003 and 2014, I find that audit critique is associated with a statistically significant but substantively moderate electoral loss of about a percentage point for mayoral parties, while simultaneously associated with a 14 percentage point decrease in their probability of reelection.
Democratic Backsliding and the Instrumentalization of Women's Rights in Turkey
Authors: Arat Yeşim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article examines the instrumentalization of women's rights and the transformation of the gender rights regime in the context of democratic backsliding in Turkey. I show how the Islamically rooted Justice and Development Party governments and their allies used women's rights in constructing authoritarian rule and promoting a conservative gender agenda. The governing elites had different needs at different political stages and instrumentalized women's rights to meet those needs. First, they needed to legitimize their rule in a secular context, so they expanded liberal laws on women's rights. Second, in the process of backsliding, they sought to construct and legitimize their conservative ideology, so they reinterpreted existing laws to promote conservative goals. Finally, they wanted to mobilize conservative women in support of the newly authoritarian regime, so they built new institutions and marginalized existing women's NGOs. The article contributes to the literature on regime types and gender rights by shifting the focus from regime type to regime change.
Turbulence Properties of a Deep‐Sea Hydrothermal Plume in a Time‐Variable Cross‐Flow: Field and Model Comparisons for Dante in the Main Endeavour Field
Authors: Adams Ian , Di Iorio Daniela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA large eddy simulation is used to study a high temperature hydrothermal vent plume in a stratified and tidally modulated crossflow, in order to identify its turbulence and mixing characteristics. The model parameters and source conditions that are comparable to the vertical velocity and refractive index fluctuations measured 20 m above the Dante sulfide mound in the Main Endeavour vent Field are a heat transport of 50 MW over a cross‐sectional area of 4 × 4.5 m2. With these model source conditions and output results taken at 20 m above the source with 1 Hz sampling, the shear production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the vertical transport of TKE, and the buoyancy production/dissipation are quantified showing that shear production dominates. Similarly, thermal variance production, and its vertical transport, is also quantified showing that the advective term dominates. Because of enhanced entrainment of ambient water into the plume during strong crossflows, all mean and turbulent quantities show tidally modulated values. Assuming steady state, the dissipation rates are evaluated. During strong crossflows, the tilting of the vertical velocity contours and isotherms plays a critical role in the stability of the plume and in creating high shear and thermal gradients on the upstream side of the plume center axis. These dissipation rates are used to quantify the refractive index fluctuations, and given the high thermal dissipation quantity it is the main contributing factor in acoustic forward scatter.
Sympathetic-transduction in untreated hypertension
Authors: Kobetic Matthew D. , Burchell Amy E. , Ratcliffe Laura E. K. , Neumann Sandra , Adams Zoe H. , Nolan Regina , Nightingale Angus K. , Paton Julian F. R. , Hart Emma C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransduction of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) into vascular tone varies with age and sex. Older normotensive men have reduced sympathetic transduction so that a given level of MSNA causes less arteriole vasoconstriction. Whether sympathetic transduction is altered in hypertension (HTN) is not known. We investigated whether sympathetic transduction is impaired in untreated hypertensive men compared to normotensive controls. Eight untreated hypertensive men and 10 normotensive men (age 50 ± 15 years vs. 45 ± 12 years (mean ± SD); p = 0.19, body mass index (BMI) 24.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2 vs. 26.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2; p = 0.21) were recruited. MSNA was recorded from the peroneal nerve using microneurography; beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP; Finapres) and heart rate (ECG) were recorded simultaneously at rest for 10 min. Sympathetic-transduction was quantified using a previously described method. The relationship between MSNA burst area and subsequent diastolic BP was measured for each participant with the slope of the regression indicating sympathetic transduction. MSNA was higher in the hypertensive group compared to normotensives (73 ± 17 bursts/100 heartbeats vs. 49 ± 19 bursts/100 heart bursts; p = 0.007). Sympathetic-transduction was lower in the hypertensive versus normotensive group (0.04%/mmHg/s vs. 0.11%/mmHg/s, respectively; R = 0.622; p = 0.006). In summary, hypertensive men had lower sympathetic transduction compared to normotensive individuals suggesting that higher levels of MSNA are needed to cause the same level of vasoconstrictor tone.
Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of a targeted cancer awareness intervention for adults living in deprived areas of the UK
Authors: Moriarty Yvonne , Lau Mandy , Sewell Bernadette , Trubey Rob , Quinn-Scoggins Harriet , Owen Sioned , Padgett Louise , Kolovou Vasiliki , Hepburn Julie , Buckle Peter , Playle Rebecca , Townson Julia , Robling Michael , Gilbert Stephanie , Dimitropoulou Polyxeni , Edwards Adrian , Mitchell Caroline , Matthews Maura , Smits Stephanie , Wood Fiona , Neal Richard D. , Brain Kate ,   ABACus study team, Jones Mari , Farr Angela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer outcomes are poor in socioeconomically deprived communities, with low symptom awareness contributing to prolonged help-seeking and advanced disease. Targeted cancer awareness interventions require evaluation.MethodsThis is a randomised controlled trial involving adults aged 40+ years recruited in community and healthcare settings in deprived areas of South Yorkshire and South-East Wales. Intervention: personalised behavioural advice facilitated by a trained lay advisor. Control: usual care. Follow-up at two weeks and six months post-randomisation. Primary outcome: total cancer symptom recognition score two weeks post-randomisation.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty-four participants were randomised. The difference in total symptom recognition at two weeks [adjusted mean difference (AMD) 0.6, 95% CI: −0.03, 1.17,p = 0.06] was not statistically significant. Intervention participants reported increased symptom recognition (AMD 0.8, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.37,p = 0.01) and earlier intended presentation (AMD −2.0, 95% CI: −3.02, −0.91,p < 0.001) at six months. “Lesser known” symptom recognition was higher in the intervention arm (2 weeks AMD 0.5, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.97 and six months AMD 0.7, 95% CI: 0.16, 1.17). Implementation cost per participant was £91.34, with no significant between-group differences in healthcare resource use post-intervention.ConclusionsImproved symptom recognition and earlier anticipated presentation occurred at longer-term follow-up. The ABACus Health Check is a viable low-cost intervention to increase cancer awareness in socioeconomically deprived communities.Clinical trial registrationISRCTN16872545.
Stress-induced inflammation evoked by immunogenic cell death is blunted by the IRE1α kinase inhibitor KIRA6 through HSP60 targeting
Authors: Rufo Nicole , Korovesis Dimitris , Van Eygen Sofie , Derua Rita , Garg Abhishek D. , Finotello Francesca , Vara-Perez Monica , Rožanc Jan , Dewaele Michael , de Witte Peter A. , Alexopoulos Leonidas G. , Janssens Sophie , Sinkkonen Lasse , Sauter Thomas , Verhelst Steven H. L. , Agostinis Patrizia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMounting evidence indicates that immunogenic therapies engaging the unfolded protein response (UPR) following endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress favor proficient cancer cell-immune interactions, by stimulating the release of immunomodulatory/proinflammatory factors by stressed or dying cancer cells. UPR-driven transcription of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines exert beneficial or detrimental effects on tumor growth and antitumor immunity, but the cell-autonomous machinery governing the cancer cell inflammatory output in response to immunogenic therapies remains poorly defined. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of cancer cells responding to immunogenic or weakly immunogenic treatments. Bioinformatics-driven pathway analysis indicated that immunogenic treatments instigated a NF-κB/AP-1-inflammatory stress response, which dissociated from both cell death and UPR. This stress-induced inflammation was specifically abolished by the IRE1α-kinase inhibitor KIRA6. Supernatants from immunogenic chemotherapy and KIRA6 co-treated cancer cells were deprived of proinflammatory/chemoattractant factors and failed to mobilize neutrophils and induce dendritic cell maturation. Furthermore, KIRA6 significantly reduced the in vivo vaccination potential of dying cancer cells responding to immunogenic chemotherapy. Mechanistically, we found that the anti-inflammatory effect of KIRA6 was still effective in IRE1α-deficient cells, indicating a hitherto unknown off-target effector of this IRE1α-kinase inhibitor. Generation of a KIRA6-clickable photoaffinity probe, mass spectrometry, and co-immunoprecipitation analysis identified cytosolic HSP60 as a KIRA6 off-target in the IKK-driven NF-κB pathway. In sum, our study unravels that HSP60 is a KIRA6-inhibitable upstream regulator of the NF-κB/AP-1-inflammatory stress responses evoked by immunogenic treatments. It also urges caution when interpreting the anti-inflammatory action of IRE1α chemical inhibitors.
Maternal speech decreases pain scores and increases oxytocin levels in preterm infants during painful procedures
Authors: Filippa Manuela , Monaci Maria Grazia , Spagnuolo Carmen , Serravalle Paolo , Daniele Roberta , Grandjean Didier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreterm infants undergo early separation from parents and are exposed to frequent painful clinical procedures, with resultant short- and long-term effects on their neurodevelopment. We aimed to establish whether the mother’s voice could provide an effective and safe analgesia for preterm infants and whether endogenous oxytocin (OXT) could be linked to pain modulation. Twenty preterm infants were exposed to three conditions—mother’s live voice (speaking or singing) and standard care—in random order during a painful procedure. OXT levels (pg/mL) in saliva and plasma cortisol levels were quantified, and the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) was blindly coded by trained psychologists. During the mother’s live voice, PIPP scores significantly decreased, with a concomitant increase in OXT levels over baseline. The effect on pain perception was marginally significant for singing. No effects on cortisol levels were found. The mother’s live voice modulated preterm infants’ pain indicators. Endogenous OXT released during vocal contact is a promising protective mechanism during early painful interventions in at-risk populations.
Isolation and reactivity of a gold(i) hydroxytrifluoroborate complex stabilized by anion-π+ interactions
Authors: Zhou Jiliang , Litle Elishua D. , Gabbaï François P. 
Published: August 2021

A new ambiphilic phosphine-xanthylium ligand is described, along with its ability to stabilize a catalytically competent Au–μ(OH)–BF3 complex via anion-π+ interactions.