bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Opioid Epidemic in the United States: Where Do Patients Requiring Elective Arthroplasty Stand?
Authors: Premkumar Ajay , Zhong Haoyan , Krell Ethan , Liu Jiabin , Memtsoudis Stavros , Poeran Jashvant , Della Valle Alejandro Gonzalez 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Over the past decade, awareness about opioid abuse in the general community and among prescribers has increased. This study evaluated how opioid prescribing patterns before and after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may have changed during a recent 5-year period.

Methods:
The Truven Health MarketScan database were queried for patients who underwent elective THA and TKA for primary osteoarthritis between 2013 and 2017. The trend analysis evaluated for changes in opioid prescriptions and multivariate regression identified predictors for chronic postoperative opioid use.

Results:
Data were available for 27,908 THA patients and 47,220 TKA patients. The proportion of opioid naïve patients before THA or TKA increased significantly (P < 0.001). Median oral morphine equivalents prescribed during the first postoperative year after THA or TKA decreased significantly (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with chronic postoperative opioid use also decreased for TKA patients (P < 0.001).

Discussion:
A notable, downward trend was seen in the proportion of patients who received opioids before elective arthroplasty, in the amount of opioid prescribed after surgery, and in TKA patients, the frequency of chronic opioid use after surgery. These findings reflect the effectiveness of efforts to combat the opioid epidemic after elective arthroplasty surgery.
Dampak Kebijakan Subsidi Pupuk Terhadap Produksi Gabah di Indonesia
Authors: Sembiring Surya Abadi , Hutauruk Julia , Ndruru Fransisca Ernawati 
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis dampak Â kebijakan subsidi pupuk terhadap produksi gabah. Penelitian menggunakan data time series tahun 1985-2015. Â Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode Ordinary Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenaikan luas panen sebesar 1 persen maka produksi gabah naik sebesar 1,561 persen, peningkatan trend teknologi menyebabkan Â produksi gabah naik sebesar 0,032 persen, kenaikan jumlah penggunaan pupuk urea sebesar 1 persen maka produksi gabah akan naik sebesar 0,096 persen, dan dengan kebijakan subsidi pupuk maka produksi gabah akan naik sebesar 0,046 persen. Kebijakan subsidi pupuk akan menyebabkan kenaikan produksi, sedangkan tanpa kebijakan subsidi akan menurunkan produksi gabah.
Dampak Pemulihan Mangrove Terhadap Bahan Baku, Kesempatan Kerja dan Pendapatan Keluarga Pesisir
Authors: Pambudi Julian Hisky Tyas 
Published: October 2021

This study which was conducted in the coastal area of Rugemuk Village, Pantai Labu Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency aims to 1) analyze the impact of mangrove forest recovery program on mangrove cover area; 2) analyze the impact of mangrove recovery program on availability of raw materials of coastal agroindustry; 3) analyze the impact of mangrove forest recovery program on employment opportunities;Â 4) analyze the impact of mangrove recovery program on coastal household income. Data analysis method used in this research is comparative method that is Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test and Test-t. Sampling method used is simple random sampling method with the number of samples of 79 samples. The results showed that 1) There is increasing mangrove forest cover area after mangrove restoration program; 2) There is significant difference availability of raw materials of coastal agroindustry; 3) There is significant difference employment opportunities before and after mangrove restoration program; 4) There is significant difference in coastal household income before and after mangrove restoration program
Aliran Barang, Jasa dan Tunai Usahatani Padi Sawah dengan Sektor Rumah Tangga dan Sektor Lainnya
Authors: Sembiring Surya Abadi , Deras Stefanus , Sinaga Merlin 
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan aliran barang jasa dan tunai usahatani dengan sektor rumah tangga dan sektor lainnya. Daerah penelitian yaitu Desa Sei Rakyat, dengan populasi petani padi sawah 250 KK dan jumlah sampel 49 KK. Â Metode analisis dengan deskriptif. JumlahÂ tenaga kerjaÂ rumah tangga untuk kegiatan usahatani yaitu 31,175 Hari Kerja Pria (HKP), dengan luas rata-rata usahatani 0.55 ha. Rata-rata penerimaan tunai usahatani Rp 15,678,473 sedangkanÂ rata-rata pengeluaran tunai Rp 3.194.163 sehingga diperoleh pendapatan tunai usahatani (farm net cash flow) Rp 12.484.310. Â Produksi dijual dalam bentuk gabah denganÂ harga jual gabah rata-rata Rp 4.727 per kg.Â Tanaman kelapa sawit memberikan kontribusi terbesar yaitu 60.11 persen terhadap penerimaan rumah tanggga dibandingkan tanaman lainnya, seperti kacang hijau 36.46 persen, dan tanaman lainnya Â 3.43 persen Persentase keterkaitan usahatani dengan lembaga keuangan sekitar 55 persen, yang mengindikasikan bahwa 6 (enam) dari 10 usahatani padi sawah terkait dengan lembaga keuangan. Persentase pembayaran ke sektor lain, untuk pupuk 57.85 persen, obat-obatan 31.29, sisanya benih 10.85 persen.Â Â Upah yang dibayarkan usahatani terhadap sektor lainnya yaitu Â tenaga kerja luar keluarga, Rp 71.979.500 atau per usahatani Rp 1.468.949 dalam satu musim tanam.
THE USE OF DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES STRATEGY TO ENHANCE STUDENTSâ€™ MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS OF VOCABULARY MASTERY AT SMP SANTO PETRUS MEDAN IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018
Authors: Tarigan Karisma Erikson , Stevani Margaret 
Published: October 2021

Vocabulary learning plays an important role in vocabulary acquisition, one possible way to achieve it is by using derivational suffixes. The purpose of the study is to know the studentsâ€™ responses after they are taught with affixation strategy. The subject of this study is the students of Class IX-1 of SMP Santo Petrus Medan in the academic year of 2017/2018. This study is conducted by applying descriptive qualitative research and in the form of survey research. (The instruments of collecting data are quantitative data (questionnaire) and qualitative data (field notes). The result of questionnaire shows that most of the students choose item Strongly Agree whose percentage is 85.79% and item Agree whose percentage is 14.20%. This finding proves that the studentsâ€™ learning behavior changed positively, that is, their attitude and motivation heightened significantly by using derivational suffixes strategy to teach vocabulary. The data of studentsâ€™ morphological awareness response of the use of derivational suffixes shows that: (1) Affixation helps to remember English vocabulary better, (2) Affixation helps connect vocabulary with its meaning, (3) Affixation helps to develop vocabulary, (4) Affixation helps to recognize noun, verb, adjective, and adverb, (5) Affixation helps to separate form and meaning between root and affix, (6) The rules of affixation make students understand the good spelling of vocabulary,Â and (7) Affixation supports English learning. These indicate that there is a significant improvement of the studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery through derivational suffixes strategy of Class IX-1 of SMP Santo Petrus Medan in the academic year of 2017/2018.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 5 Sumbul
Authors: Sihotang Verawaty 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students who take part in learning with the discovery learning model higher than the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students who follow conventional learning and student responses to the discovery learning model. This research was conducted at 5 Sumbul Junior High School inÂ 2017/2018 Academic Year. The sample in this study was class IX-1 as an experimental class as many as 35 people and class IX-2 as a control class of 35 people. The research method used was the quasi-experimental method with the design of pretest-posttest control in group design. Hypothesis test results show at the significance level = 0.05 the value of t count = 4.964> t table = 1.667. So that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students who take part in learning with the discovery learning model is higher than the comprehension abilities of students who take conventional learning. The results of the questionnaire analysis of student responses to the discovery learning model were obtained: (1) 98.57% of students were interested; (2) 96.67% of students stated that there were benefits obtained; (3) 75% of students stated that there were no obstacles experienced during the learning process; and (4) 84.76% of students hope that the discovery learning model is used in the learning process. This shows that the positive student response to the discovery learning model.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIK PADA MATERI KUBUS DAN BALOK BERBENTUK SOAL KONTEKSUAL DITINJAU DARI GENDER SISWA
Authors: Sitohang Andos 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematik pada materi kubus dan balokÂ berbentuk soal kontekstual ditinjau dari gender siswa kelas VIII SMP Dharma Wanita Pertiwi Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII yang terdiri dari 30 orang yang terdiri dari 19 siswa laki-laki dan 11 siswa perempuan. Objek penelitian ini adalah kemampuan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah pada materi kubus dan balok berbentuk soal kontekstual. Metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, tes tertulis dan wawancara terkait kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan menggunakam langkah penyelesaian george polya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan siswa perempuan memiliki kemampuan memahami masalah, menyusun rencana penyelesaian, dan memeriksa kembali solusi yang lebih unggul dibandingkan laki-laki. Sedangkan untuk melakukan perhitungan siswa memiliki kemampuan yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Persentase kemampuan pemecahan masalah untuk laki-laki 16,6% dan perempuan 30% dilihat dari pengelompokan pemecahan masalah di atas rata-rata. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa perempuan memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang lebih unggul dibandingkan siswa laki-laki
IMPROVING THE STUDENTSâ€™ READING COMPREHENSION BY USING PQ4R STRATEGY TO THE EIGHTH GRADE AT SMP NEGERI 2 PANCUR BATU
Authors: Br Rajagukguk Sartika Margaret , Tarigan Karisma E. , Ginting Fiber Yun A. 
Published: October 2021

Â Reading is one of the four language skills in English, they are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The students get bored in reading comprehension. Since they do not understand the text. Thus, they need some ways or strategy which could help studentsâ€™s reading comprehension on narrative text. The teacher should be creative to search for interesting strategy to teach reading comprehension on narrative text. PQ4R strategy can helps the students to understand on narrative text. The objectives of this study to find out the studentsâ€™ reading comprehension bu using PQ4R strategy. The subject of this study were the eight grade students of SMP 2 Negeri Pancur Batu. This research, the writer used Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the method of research. Tests were used to gather the quantitative data. Based on the finding of this study, it showed in pre-test only 4 students (11%) who passed KKM ( the Mastery Minimum Criteria), andÂ post test 25 students (71%). The result of this research revealed that there was a significant improvement of the studentsâ€™ achievement from the pre-test to in the post test. This improvement was shown by the comparison between the mean score of pre-test (51,2), and post test (73,82). Furthermore, the students were interested in PQ4R strategy, it can be seen from the result of observation sheet and questionnaire .Therefore, PQ4R startegy was effective strategy in helping students to improve their reading comprehension especially in narrative text.
IMPROVING STUDENTSâ€™ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION TECHNIQUE TO THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP SWASTA KATOLIK BUDI MURNI 1 MEDAN
Authors: Damanik Rostani , Pangaribuan Jontra J. , Ginting Fiber Yun A. 
Published: October 2021

Reading is not only about pronouncingÂ written words correctly but also comprehending the text. It is not surprising the students have difficulties in reading comprehensionÂ because they do not understand the language. Therefore the teacher must try to help the students comprehend the text. One thing the teacher can do is to find a technique to teach this reading comprehension. Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition can help the students to improve their reading comprehension and to arouse their motivation. The aim of this study is to find whether Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition Technique works effectively on improving studentsâ€™ reading comprehension and to knowÂ what studentsâ€™ responsesÂ after being taught by using this technique. The subject of this study is the eighth grade students of SMP Swasta Katolik Budi Murni 1 Medan in the Academic Year of 2018/2019 were consist 25 students of class VIII C. This study was conducted by applying Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was performed in two cycles ( cycle I and cycle II). The instruments of collecting dataÂ were Quantitative data (reading comprehension test) and and qualitative data (field notes,obervation sheet,questionnaire)The result of reading comprehension tests showed that the mean of the studentsâ€™ score increased from pre-test (20 %), formative test (52 %), post-test (76 %). The field notes, observation sheet and questionnaire showed that the students are interested in the learning teaching process through CIRC Technique and this study run well. It was found that this technique could improve studentsâ€™ reading comprehension. It is suggested that English teacher should apply this technique in teaching reading comprehension.
The Analysis of Oral Variety in Medan City
Authors: Ginting Adelina 
Published: October 2021

The research is aimed to describe the oral variety that is used by the people in Medan City. The location of this research was carried out in Medan City, Lingkungan II Titi Rantai Padang Bulan Medan. This study uses a qualitative method. Sources of data obtained from the visitors in 5 coffee shop in Lingkungan II Titi Rantai Padang Bulan. Results of the study showed the oral variety which is used in the form of abbreviations said among other things: Mandi, Nurdin , Martabe, the oral variety in the form of words that are influenced from the language of the area among others, bagudung, lalap, lateung, in addition to the many found the use of language phenomenon those are: Apheresis namely the removal of sound (phoneme) at the beginning of the word: saja - aja, Syncope namely removal of noise in the middle of the word: Tahu-tau, Haplology namely the removal of some phoneme in the middle of the word: Sedikit-dikit , Paragog namely the addition of sound at the end of words: Muka-mukak , Construction purposes, namely a combination of two pieces of words into a word: Bagai-Mana-Bagaimana, Monophothongization namely change two sounds vowels into one vowel: Sampe-sampai, Hypercorrection namely changing one phoneme into phoneme others: Pelit-celit
Gelijk loon voor gelijk werk: beginsel heeft ook voor gelijkwaardig werk directe werking
Authors: De Meyst D. 
Published: October 2021

Gelijk loon voor gelijk werk: beginsel heeft ook voor gelijkwaardig werk directe werking
In de zaak Tesco Stores sprak het Hof van Justitie zich op 3 juni 2021 uit over de directe werking van artikel 157 VWEU, dat het beginsel van gelijk loon voor gelijke en gelijkwaardige arbeid bevat. In de praktijk is het voor individuen vaak niet gemakkelijk om het beginsel voor de nationale rechter af te dwingen. In het Tesco-arrest kent het Hof van Justitie expliciet directe werking toe aan het beginsel, zowel voor gelijke als gelijkwaardige arbeid. Hoewel de uitspraak slechts een bevestiging is van de bestaande rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie, is de uitspraak toch van symbolisch belang. Ze schept nieuwe mogelijkheden om de afdwinging van het beginsel van gelijk loon voor gelijk(waardig) werk te vergemakkelijken.HvJ 3 juni 2021, zaak C-624/19, Tesco Stores, ECLI:EU:C:2021:429.
The Historical and Contemporary Causes of «Survival Migration». From Central America’s Northern Triangle
Authors: Lukari North Liisa 
Published: October 2021

Durante la última media década se han producido salidas masivas de refugiados procedentes del Triángulo Norte de América Central, es decir, de El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras. Dichas salidas surgen de una serie de procesos históricos perversos, que se refuerzan mutuamente: la implementación profundamente defectuosa de acuerdos de paz igualmente defectuosos que puso fin a las guerras civiles de la región en la década de 1990; la búsqueda de la privatización neoliberal y las políticas económicas «amigables al mercado» que socavan el avance hacia una paz social sostenible; los acuerdos comerciales que infligieron un gran daño a la agricultura campesina; la búsqueda de inversión extranjera en sectores extractivos que desplazaron a pueblos rurales e indígenas y las políticas de las principales instituciones internacionales y del gobierno de Estados Unidos en particular, que profundizaron todas estas tendencias perversas que dejaron a la gente sin medios de vida. Las bandas criminales y la violencia vinculadas al narcotráfico son manifestaciones de estos procesos subyacentes que expulsan a las personas de la región en oleadas de «migración de supervivencia» forzada.
The past half decade of massive refugee outflows from the Northern Triangle of Central America –that is, from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras– emerge from a number of perverse and mutually reinforcing historical processes: the deeply flawed implementation of equally flawed peace accords that ended the region’s civil wars in the 1990s; the pursuit of neoliberal privatization and «market-friendly» economic policies that undercut advance toward sustainable social peace, including trade agreements that inflicted great damage to peasant agricultura; the pursuit of foreign investment in extractive sectors that displaced rural and indigenous peoples, and the policies of the major international institutions, and of the United States government in particular, which deepened all of these perverse trends that left people without livelihoods. The gang and criminal violence linked to the narcotics trade are manifestations of these underlying processes that expel people from the region in waves of forced «survival migration».
Interactions et compétence interculturelle communicationnelle à l’UQO, une université québécoise de région accueillant peu d’étudiants internationaux
Authors: Gélinas-Proulx Andréanne , Parrado Mora Edwin Javier , Desautels Maude 
Published: October 2021

Quelques études portent sur l’expérience des étudiants internationaux (ÉI) dans les universités québécoises qui reçoivent un nombre important d’ÉI, mais qu’en est-il pour les universités qui reçoivent moins de 1 % des ÉI de la province ? Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qui s’intéresse à comprendre, dans une perspective systémique et interculturelle, l’expérience des ÉI de l’Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO) à partir de leurs interactions avec les acteurs locaux, tant dans l’institution universitaire qu’en dehors. Par ailleurs, nous explicitons le rôle que joue la compétence interculturelle communicationnelle dans ces interactions sociales.
Les résultats issus de cette étude qualitative menée par groupe de discussion et entrevues auprès de 6 ÉI et 4 enseignantes de l’UQO mettent en évidence qu’en général, selon leur point de vue, les interactions des ÉI avec les étudiants locaux, les enseignants, le personnel de soutien et les membres de la communauté en dehors de l’université sont impartiales, cordiales, respectueuses et amicales ainsi qu’empreintes de soutien. On a pu constater cependant aussi des tensions, des frustrations, un manque de respect, une forme de ghettoïsation et de la solitude. Par rapport à la thématique de la compétence interculturelle communicationnelle, nous remarquons que des ÉI de l’UQO ainsi que des acteurs locaux démontrent de la flexibilité en s’adaptant, de la curiosité, de la sensibilité, de l’empathie ainsi que de l’ouverture, du respect et une appréciation positive des différences culturelles. D’autres exemples illustrent au contraire des situations allant jusqu’à l’exclusion et la discrimination. Enfin, cette étude suggère, entre autres, qu’une formation pour développer la compétence interculturelle communicationnelle des acteurs de l’institution serait nécessaire à l’UQO, ce qui aiderait au développement d’une plus grande sensibilisation aux défis que vivent les ÉI.
An Eco-Friendly Production of a Novel and Highly Active Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Aspergillus clavatus
Authors: Pasin Thiago Machado , Scarcella Ana Sílvia de Almeida , Lucas Rosymar Coutinho de , Oliveira Tássio Brito de , Cereia Mariana , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes T. M. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: Here, we describe a novel way to produce an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Aspergillus clavatus using paper and pulp industry waste.
Methodology: Optimal Aspergillus clavatus NRRL1 cultivation conditions were evaluated using minimal medium with different concentrations (1 to 10%) of paper sludge pretreated with HCl, during different periods (1 to 14 days), with different pH values (3.0; 3.5; 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; 7.0; 7.5 and 8.0), different temperatures (25, 30, 35, and 40 ºC) and different mixing conditions (static and stirring). After that, the enzyme activity was determined by DNS (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid), protein concentration was quantified by Bradford, SDS-PAGE was performed to evaluate the molecular mass, and TLC observed hydrolysis products.
Results: The enzyme showed a molecular mass of 25 kDa, and its production has been highly improved by optimizing culture conditions. The best activity of this enzyme was obtained when A. clavatus was cultivated for 5 days, at 120 rpm, 5% paper sludge, pH 6.0, and 35 ºC. The degradation profile of the beechwood xylan by the crude extract containing the GH11 xylanase showed xylotriose as the main product, but xylotetraose and xylobiose were also produced in significant amounts.
Conclusion: In addition to the fact that this xylanase has the property of producing large quantities of XOS (mainly xylotriose), it has the advantage of being obtained from recyclable waste of the pulp and paper industry. These facts confer great potential for future biotechnological and industrial applications.