bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was verstehen wir unter Sekundärdaten? – Ein
Grundsatzbeitrag zur terminologischen Einordnung und Definition
Authors: Gothe Holger , Ihle Peter , Swart Enno 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDaten sind für die Versorgungsforschung Material und Produkt zugleich.
Als „Substrat“ oder Ausgangsbasis von gesundheitsbezogenen
Analysen haben sie in den vergangenen Dekaden immens an Bedeutung gewonnen.
Für die Beurteilung von Leistungen des Gesundheitssystems, für
dessen Steuerung und Entwicklung sind Daten ein essenzieller Rohstoff. Im
wissenschaftlichen Alltag und in Forschungsarbeiten, die diesen Rohstoff nutzen,
kommt der Bedeutungsgehalt des Begriffs „Daten“ –
insbesondere „Sekundärdaten“ – oft zu kurz. Der
vorliegende Beitrag möchte den Bedeutungskontext der beiden Begriffe
vertiefend beleuchten und den Versuch unternehmen, den Begriff
„Sekundärdaten“ terminologisch einzuordnen.
Catalytic Amidomethylative [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Formaldimine and Styrenes toward N-Heterocycles
Authors: Chaminda Lakmal Hetti Handi , Istre Jacob , Xu Xue , Cui Xin , Qian Xiaolin , Zhou Hui , Valle Henry U. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChemo-switchable catalytic [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkenes with formaldimines is reported. Bis(tosylamido)methane (BTM) and 1,2-ditosyl-1,2-diazetidine (DTD), two bench-stable precursors for highly reactive tosylformaldimine, have been identified to be effective. BTM worked as a selective releaser of the formaldimine for catalytic [2+2+2] reactions toward hexahydropyrimidine products via a presumable ‘imine–alkene–imine’ addition. A unique catalytic retro-[2+2] reaction of DTD was used and has enabled a proposed ‘imine–alkene–alkene’ pathway with high chemoselectivity for the synthesis of 2,4-di­arylpiperidine derivatives. The two alternative processes are catalyzed by the simple and environmentally benign catalysts InCl3 and FeBr2, respectively.
Penetration and Tensile Strength of Various Impression Materials of Vinylsiloxanether, Polyether, and Polyvinylsiloxane Impression Materials
Authors: Apinsathanon Pongsakorn , Bhattarai Bishwa Prakash , Suphangul Suphachai , Wongsirichat Natthamet , Aimjirakul Napapa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare penetration ability and tensile strength among vinylsiloxanether (VSE), polyether (PE), and polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) elastomeric dental impression materials.
Materials and Methods The models were constructed for penetration ability test by simulated gingival sulcus width and moist environment. The 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mm of simulated gingival sulcus widths were used. Each simulated gingival sulcus width was impressed 10 repeats per one elastomeric impression material. All extension of elastomeric dental impression materials was scaled by Measuring Microscope (MM-11; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). On the issue of the tensile strength study, the models were constructed following type 1 of the ISO 37:2017 specifications and/or type C of ASTM.D412 specifications. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honest significant difference test were performed in the penetration ability test. The one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's T3 test were performed in the tensile strength test. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results PE showed the best extension into all widths of simulated sulcus followed by VSE and PVS, respectively. PVS was significantly higher in tensile strength than VSE and PE, while VSE was significantly higher than PE.
Conclusion Penetration ability of elastomeric dental impression materials was depended on gingival sulcus width. The wider the sulcular width, the better the penetration ability of elastomeric dental impression materials. PE presented the best penetration ability, while the novel PVS showed highest tensile strength.
Combined Transcranial and Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Resection of a Complex Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Two-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Nisson Peyton L. , Gaub Michael , Gonzales-Portillo Gabriel S. , Martirosyan Nikolay , Le Christopher , Lemole G. Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare head-and-neck neoplasm that has a propensity to locally invade vital structures. Currently, the combination of surgical resection and radiation remains the optimal treatment.1 However, the extent of disease burden and involvement of surrounding anatomy may make these inoperable. Here, we demonstrate the successful application of multidisciplinary approach for surgical resection of a large, complex SCC lesion centered at the superior nasal cavity with extension into the eye orbits and brain. A two-step approach was performed; transcribiform, endoscopic piecemeal resection with reconstruction of the skull base, followed by a bifrontal craniotomy. Reconstruction was achieved using an inlay of DuraMatrix allograft (Stryker Inc., Kalamzoo, Michigan, United States) followed by an inlay of AlloDerm (Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, United States), anchored anteriorly and posteriorly with wide wings placed over the respective orbital roofs. Major steps include (1) a summary of the patient presentation and preoperative imaging, (2) resection of the tumor endonasally, (3) resection of the tumor intracranially from a bifrontal craniotomy, and (4) a review of the postoperative imaging. The patient tolerated the procedure (Fig. 1) well, returned to his baseline with no new neurologic deficits, and was placed on 6-week antibiotics regimen for osteomyelitis discovered during the operation. Approximately, 2 months after discharge, the patient unfortunately returned with altered mental status, was found to have sepsis, and expired shortly thereafter. This operative video illustrates the technical steps and capabilities of surgical treatment, achieving near-complete gross total resection of a complex SCC lesion using a multidisciplinary approach.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/8ffckKIuBzM.
Self-Reported Social Media Use among Ophthalmology Residents
Authors: Watane Arjun , Al-khersan Hasenin , Kalavar Meghana , Ahmed Bilal , Venincasa Michael , Sridhar Jayanth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective To assess ophthalmology trainees' self-reported use of and attitudes toward social media.
Methods An online survey was distributed by email to ophthalmology residency applicants of the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between September 2016 and January 2020.
Results Of the 1,688 email recipients, the survey was filled by 208 ophthalmology trainees (12.3%). Nearly all trainees reported using social media for personal purposes (92.3%), while less than half used social media for professional purposes (43.4%). There were mixed sentiments regarding the impact of social media on the patient–physician relationship, with the majority feeling that it challenges a physician's authority (55.2%) but also empowers the patient (57.5%) and encourages shared care (92.8%). Twenty-five percent of trainees had reviewed professional social media guidelines, and most rated the quality of medical information on social media as “poor” (60.9%). There were low rates of trainees looking up patients (13.8%), providing their account information to patients (1.5%), responding to patients' messages (2.6%), following patients' accounts (2.6%), and being followed by patients (2.6%).
Conclusion The majority of ophthalmology trainees are active on social media. As these trainees enter practice, ophthalmology will likely see a rise in social media use. Training programs should consider a formal social media policy that is shared with all trainees as part of their education.
Trends in Ophthalmology Resident Operative Experience and the Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lauer Andreas K. , Chung Sophia M. , Tu Daniel C. , SooHoo Jeffrey R. , Potts John R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurpose This study aimed to evaluate trends in ophthalmology resident operative experience and the early impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design Present study is a retrospective analysis of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Case Log System.Participants Anonymized graduating resident case logs from 2011 to 2020 academic years (AYs) were examined for this study.Methods Regression analysis for each procedure category was performed to identify trends between 2011 and 2019 AYs. Unpaired two-tailed t-test compared 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 AY's for each category surgeon (S) and as surgeon and assistant (S + A).Main Outcome Measures Mean and median cases as (S) and (S + A) during 2011 to 2019 AYs. Comparison between 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 AY's for each category as (S) and (S + A) to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Results Total ophthalmology procedures as (S) rose from a mean of 479.6 to 601.3 (p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.96; Δ/year = 16.9) and a median of 444 to 537 (p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.97; Δ/year = 13.1). Total procedures as (S + A) rose from a mean of 698.1 to 768 (p < 0.01; R 2 = 0.83; Δ/year = 9.07) and a median of 677 to 734 (p < 0.05; R 2 = 0.61; Δ/year = 6.64). Cataract procedures as (S) rose from a mean of 152.8 to 208 (p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.99; Δ/year = 7.98) and a median of 146 to 197 (p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.97; Δ/year = 7.87). Cataract procedures as both (S + A) rose from a mean 231.4 to 268.7 (p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.95; Δ/year = 5.5) and a median of 213 to 254 (p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.93; Δ/year = 5.33). Between 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 AYs, the first pandemic year was associated with significant reductions in total procedures (601.3–533.7 [p < 0.0001]) as (S) and 768.0 to 694.4 (p < 0.0001) as (S + A), cataract surgery (208–162.2 [p < 0.0001]) as (S) and 268.7 to 219.1 (p < 0.0001) as (S + A), and glaucoma surgery (16.3–14.2 [p = 0.0068]) as (S) and 25.6 to 22.6 (p = 0.0063) as (S + A).Conclusion During 2011 to 2019 AYs, cataract, intravitreal injections, glaucoma, and total procedures increased significantly. During the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2020 AY), national halting of elective procedures had a precipitous effect on resident cataract surgery experience to volumes similar to 2013 to 2014 AY where the mean was twice the current required minimum number. With few exceptions, other procedure volumes remained stable.
Racial Disparities in the Rates of and Indications for Cesarean Delivery in California: Are They Changing Over Time?
Authors: Teal E. Nicole , Anudokem Kelechi , Baer Rebecca J. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura , Mengesha Biftu 
Published: December 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether racial disparities in rates of and indications for cesarean delivery (CD) between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White birthing people in California changed from 2011 to 2017.
Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using a database of birth certificates linked to discharge records. Singleton term live births in nulliparous Black and White birthing people in California between 2011 and 2017 were included. Those with noncephalic presentation, placenta previa, and placenta accreta were excluded. CD rate and indication were obtained from birth certificate variables and International Classification of Diseases codes. Differences in CD rate and indication were calculated for Black versus White individuals using univariable and multivariable logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders.
Results A total of 348,144 birthing people were included, 46,361 Black and 301,783 White. Overall, 30.9% of Black birthing people underwent CD compared with 25.3% of White (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–1.3). From 2011 to 2017, the CD rate fell 11% (26.4–23.7%, p < 0.0001) for White birthing people and 1% for Black birthing people (30.4–30.1%, p = 0.037). Over the study period, Black birthing people had a persistent 1.2- to 1.3-fold higher risk of CD and were persistently more likely to undergo CD for fetal intolerance (aRR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1–1.2) and less likely for active phase arrest or arrest of descent (aRRs: 0.9 and 0.4; 95% CIs: 0.9–0.9 and 0.3–0.5).
Conclusion The CD rate decreased substantially for White birthing people and minimally for Black birthing people in our cohort over the study period. Meanwhile, disparities in CD rate and indications between the two groups persisted, despite controlling for confounders. Although care bundles for reducing CD may be effective among White birthing people, they are not associated with reduction in CD rates among Black birthing people nor improvements in racial disparities between Black and White birthing people.
Precis Despite increasing attention to racial inequities in obstetric outcomes, there were no changes in disparities in CD rates or indications in California from 2011 to 2017.
Key Points
Changes in the Antenatal Utilization of High-Risk Obstetric Services and Stillbirth Rate during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oakes Megan C. , Zhang Fan , Stevenson Lori , Porcelli Bree , Carter Ebony B. , Raghuraman Nandini , Kelly Jeannie C. 
Published: December 2021

Objective The primary objective of this study was to evaluate coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic–related changes in the antenatal utilization of high-risk obstetric services. Our secondary objective was to characterize change in stillbirth rate during the pandemic.
Study Design This is a retrospective, observational study performed at a single, tertiary care center. Maternal-Fetal Medicine (MFM) visits, ultrasounds, and antenatal tests of fetal well-being during the pandemic epoch (2020), which spans the first 12 weeks of the year to include pandemic onset and implementation of mitigation efforts, were compared with the same epoch of the three preceding years visually and using general linear models to account for week and year effect. An analysis of stillbirth rate comparing the pandemic time period to prepandemic was also performed.
Results While there were decreased MFM visits and antenatal tests of fetal well-being during the pandemic epoch compared with prepandemic epochs, only the decrease in MFM visits by year was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The stillbirth rate during the pandemic epoch was not significantly different when compared with the prepandemic period and accounting for both week (p = 0.286) and year (p = 0.643) effect.
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant decrease in MFM visits, whereas obstetric ultrasounds and antenatal tests of fetal well-being remained unchanged. While we observed no change in the stillbirth rate compared with the prepandemic epoch, our study design and sample size preclude us from making assumptions of association. Our findings may support future work investigating how changes in prenatal care for high-risk obstetric patients influence perinatal outcomes.
Key Points
A Scoping Review of Perinatal Palliative Care: Allowing Parents to Be Parents
Authors: Buskmiller Cara , Calhoun Byron C. 
Published: December 2021

Objective Perinatal palliative care (PPC) is an option for patients who discover that their infant has a life-limiting fetal condition, which decreases the burden of the condition using a multidisciplinary approach.
Study Design This review discusses the landmark literature in the past two decades, which have seen significant growth and development in the concept of PPC.
Results The literature describes the background, quality, and benefits of offering PPC, as well as the ethical principles that support its being offered in every discussion of fetal life-limiting diagnoses.
Conclusion PPC shares a similar risk profile to other options after life-limiting diagnosis, including satisfaction with choice of continuation of pregnancy. The present clinical opinion closes by noting common barriers to establishing PPC programs and offers a response to overcome each one.
Key Points
Investigating photomultiplier tube nonlinearities in high-speed phosphor thermometry using light emitting diode simulated decay curves
Authors: Feuk Henrik , Nilsson Sebastian , Aldén Marcus , Richter Mattias 
Published: December 2021

Photomultiplier tube (PMT) nonlinearities relevant for single shot high-speed lifetime phosphor thermometry were investigated by simulating decay curves with a light emitting diode (LED) at repetition rates between 1 Hz and 10 kHz. The PMT gain, LED decay time, and background radiant flux were also varied to investigate their impact on the measured decay time error. Errors in the measured decay time due to nonlinear PMT performance lead to temperature measurement errors; therefore, having the measured decay time sensitive to only phosphor temperature is highly valuable for more reliable temperature measurements. Photocathode bleaching had a significant impact on the signal level linearity for PMTs with excitation frequency in the kHz regime but had a smaller impact on the decay time error. Space charge effects were most noticeable at high radiant flux levels and high repetition rates. Strong background radiant flux may lead to decay time errors, and a gateable photocathode could be an effective method to reduce decay time errors. The best decay time measurement configuration to maximize precision without sacrificing accuracy is to use PMT gain in the recommended range and the highest radiant flux where the PMT response is still linear. The degree of nonlinearity in the PMT response is partly detector dependent; therefore, the results in this work may differ among detectors; however, the analysis presented in this work provides guidelines for improving the temperature accuracy of kHz lifetime phosphor thermometry measurements.
Initial contact shapes the perception of friction
Authors: Willemet Laurence , Kanzari Khoubeib , Monnoyer Jocelyn , Birznieks Ingvars , Wiertlewski Michaël 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Humans have the remarkable ability to manipulate a large variety of objects, regardless of how fragile, heavy, or slippery they are. To correctly scale the grip forces, the nervous system gauges the slipperiness of the surface. This information is present at the instant we first touch an object, even before any lateral force develops. However, how friction could be estimated without slippage only from the fingertip skin deformation is not understood, either in neuroscience or engineering disciplines. This study demonstrates that a radial tensile strain of the skin is involved in the perception of slipperiness during this initial contact. These findings can inform the design of advanced tactile sensors for robotics or prosthetics and for improving haptic human–machine interactions.
Augmentative biological control in greenhouses in Japan
Authors: Eizi Yano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

In Japan, augmentative biological control is mainly implemented in greenhouses using arthropod natural enemies. Two imported natural enemy species,
Phytoseiulus persimilis
Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) against spider mites and
Encarsia formosa
Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) against the greenhouse whitefly,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum
(Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were first commercialised in greenhouses in 1995, followed by the commercialisation of other exotic species. Exotic arthropod natural enemies are used to control both exotic and indigenous pests in greenhouses. Currently, the most popular exotic natural enemy species are predatory mites such as
P. persimilis
and
Amblyseius swirskii
Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Recently, there has been a shift from using exotic to using indigenous natural enemies in greenhouses. Currently, the importation of generalist predators for augmentative biological control is very difficult in Japan. Several collaborative studies have been conducted in Japan to develop biological control using indigenous natural enemies. These studies developed innovative technologies, such as new banker plant systems based on combinations of two natural enemies or flightless
Harmonia axyridis
(Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Indigenous natural enemies have been commercialised following the registration of
Orius strigicollis
(Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Biological control can be achieved using an indigenous strain of
Nesidiocoris tenuis
(Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) with a banker plant system, on which the bug can reproduce without alternative prey. Research and development of biological control using indigenous natural enemies should be continued in Japan.
Joint meeting of 9th Asia Pacific-Transport Working Group (APTWG) & EU-US Transport Task Force (TTF) workshop
Authors: Ida K. , McDermott R.M. , Holland C. , Choi M.J. , Yu L.M. , Kobayashi T. , Kwon J.M. , Kosuga Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This conference report summarizes the contributions to, and discussions at the joint meeting of the 9th Asia Pacific-Transport Working Group (APTWG) & EU-US Transport Task Force (TTF) workshop held online, hosted by Kyushu University, Japan, during 6–9 July 2021. The topics of the meeting were organized under five main topics: (1) isotope effect on transport and physics on isotope mixture plasma, (2) turbulence spreading and coupling in core-edge-SOL, (3) interplay between magnetohydrodynamic topology/instability and turbulent transport, (4) interaction between energetic particle driven instability and transport, (5) model reduction and experiments for validation.
Statistical Analysis of Rainfall in Haryana
Authors: Kaamun  , Arora Sahil , Kaur Manmeet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The following research focuses on rainfall of Haryana for past 50 years i.e. from 1968 to 2017. Parameters like Kurtosis, Variance, Goodness of Fit, Mann-Kendall’s Test were performed along with total annual forecast as well as seasonal forecast was predicted. Seasonal rend was also studied so as to study in detail about the past, present, and future of rainfall in Chandigarh. This study was performed with the help of MS-Excel and ExcelStat. A rising trend was found along with total rainfall in of past 5 decades was 513336.2 mm and The maximum and minimum rainfall during this period was found to be 15126.62 mm in 1976 and 5312.51 in 1987 respectively.
Design of Rigid Pavement by Self Cured Concrete Utilizing Coarse Fly Ash Aggregates and Curing Admixture
Authors: Rana Ajay , Sharma Abhishek , Jassal Kshitij 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In concrete industry, a huge amount of natural aggregates is used in the making of concrete every day. The environment is being exploited by mining for the gain of natural aggregates, resulting in an environmental instability in nature. As a result, an alternate source to substitute natural aggregates in concrete is required. A lot of waste materials have gain attention now a days into the concrete industry as a substitute to natural materials. Fly ash, a waste product of thermal power plants, meets the criterion for being utilised as an aggregate substitute in concrete because of its pozzolanic activity. Coarse fly ash is manufactured using a good manufacturing method and is light in weight. Keeping this into view, the impact of partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates with coarse fly ash aggregates produced using the colds bonded method is explored in this paper. The major focus of this study is on testing for flexural strength of self-cured concrete, as flexural strength is a key criterion for rigid pavement design. In this study, coarse fly ash aggregates are utilised in concrete in different proportions to substitute natural aggregates, and the optimal value for flexural strength is determined using a curing additive. The findings of this experiment indicated that when fly ash aggregates and curing additives were used optimally, the flexure strength improved, which is enough for the construction of rigid pavement as criteria fixed by Indian Standards.