bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (BGM) für Pflegeeinrichtungen und Krankenhäuser unter Pandemiebedingungen
Authors: Drupp Michael , Meyer Markus , Winter Werner 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungPflegekräfte in der ambulanten und (teil)-stationären Altenpflege wie auch im Krankenhausbereich waren mit dem Aufkommen der ersten COVID-19-Pandemiewelle im März 2020 und dem Start einer zweiten Welle ab Oktober zusätzlich starken Arbeitsbelastungen ausgesetzt. Zu den bereits seit Jahren überdurchschnittlich hohen krankheitsbedingten Fehlzeiten bei den pflegenden Berufen kam im Pandemiejahr noch die belastende Situation hinzu, sich selbst mit COVID-19 im Rahmen der beruflichen Tätigkeit zu infizieren. Ursachen dafür lagen auch in der – regional und nach Einrichtungen unterschiedlich – erhöhten Arbeitsverdichtung und Arbeitsbelastung. Im Rahmen ansteigender Infektionszahlen in beiden Wellen und den damit verbundenen „Lockdown-Maßnahmen“ kam vorbeugenden Arbeitsschutz- und Hygienemaßnahmen in den Betrieben eine Priorität zu. Bereits mit Auslaufen der ersten Welle zeichnete sich bei vielen Betrieben ein Bedarf nach Maßnahmen der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) zur psychosozialen Unterstützung sowie zur Resilienzstärkung ab. Die Autoren zeigen auf, wie auf der Basis empirischer Erkenntnisse und unter Berücksichtigung der nach dem Abklingen der ersten Pandemiewelle nur partiell möglichen Beratung in Präsenz Unterstützungsangebote in Form hybrider und telefonischer Beratung bereitgestellt wurden. Sie ziehen zudem Schlussfolgerungen für eine weitere Anpassung des BGF-Instrumentariums für die berufliche Pflege über die Pandemiezeit hinaus.
Supernova constraints on an axion-photon-dark photon interaction
Authors: Hook Anson , Marques-Tavares Gustavo , Ristow Clayton 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present the supernova constraints on an axion-photon-dark photon coupling, which can be the leading coupling to dark sector models and can also lead to dramatic changes to axion cosmology. We show that the supernova bound on this coupling has two unusual features. One occurs because the scattering that leads to the trapping regime converts axions and dark photons into each other. Thus, if one of the two new particles is sufficiently massive, both production and scattering become suppressed and the bounds from bulk emission and trapped (area) emission both weaken exponentially and do not intersection The other unusual feature occurs because for light dark photons, longitudinal modes couple more weakly than transverse modes do. Since the longitudinal mode is more weakly coupled, it can still cause excessive cooling even if the transverse mode is trapped. Thus, the supernova constraints for massive dark photons look like two independent supernova bounds super-imposed on top of each other.
On curves with circles as their isoptics
Authors: Cieślak Waldemar , Mozgawa Witold 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present paper we describe the family of all closed convex plane curves of class $$C^1$$

C
1

which have circles as their isoptics. In the first part of the paper we give a certain characterization of all ellipses based on the notion of isoptic and we give a geometric characterization of curves whose orthoptics are circles. The second part of the paper contains considerations on curves which have circles as their isoptics and we show the form of support functions of all considered curves.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions of the Semiclassical Einstein Equation in Cosmological Models
Authors: Meda Paolo , Pinamonti Nicola , Siemssen Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe prove existence and uniqueness of solutions of the semiclassical Einstein equation in flat cosmological spacetimes driven by a quantum massive scalar field with arbitrary coupling to the scalar curvature. In the semiclassical approximation, the backreaction of matter to curvature is taken into account by equating the Einstein tensor to the expectation values of the stress-energy tensor in a suitable state. We impose initial conditions for the scale factor at finite time, and we show that a regular state for the quantum matter compatible with these initial conditions can be chosen. Contributions with derivative of the coefficient of the metric higher than the second are present in the expectation values of the stress-energy tensor and the term with the highest derivative appears in a non-local form. This fact forbids a direct analysis of the semiclassical equation, and in particular, standard recursive approaches to approximate the solution fail to converge. In this paper, we show that, after partial integration of the semiclassical Einstein equation in cosmology, the non-local highest derivative appears in the expectation values of the stress-energy tensor through the application of a linear unbounded operator which does not depend on the details of the chosen state. We prove that an inversion formula for this operator can be found, furthermore, the inverse happens to be more regular than the direct operator and it has the form of a retarded product, hence, causality is respected. The found inversion formula applied to the traced Einstein equation has thus the form of a fixed point equation. The proof of local existence and uniqueness of the solution of the semiclassical Einstein equation is then obtained applying the Banach fixed point theorem.
Dynamic pricing with finite price sets: a non-parametric approach
Authors: Avramidis Athanassios N. , den Boer Arnoud V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study price optimization of perishable inventory over multiple, consecutive selling seasons in the presence of demand uncertainty. Each selling season consists of a finite number of discrete time periods, and demand per time period is Bernoulli distributed with price-dependent parameter. The set of feasible prices is finite, and the expected demand corresponding to each price is unknown to the seller, whose objective is to maximize cumulative expected revenue. We propose an algorithm that estimates the unknown parameters in a learning phase, and in each subsequent season applies a policy determined as the solution to a sample dynamic program, which modifies the underlying dynamic program by replacing the unknown parameters by the estimate. Revenue performance is measured by the regret: the expected revenue loss relative to the optimal attainable revenue under full information. For a given number of seasons n, we show that if the number of seasons allocated to learning is asymptotic to $$(n^2\log n)^{1/3}$$

(

n
2

log
n
)

1
/
3

, then the regret is of the same order, uniformly over all unknown demand parameters. An extensive numerical study that compares our algorithm to six benchmarks adapted from the literature demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
The CODE ambiguity-fixed clock and phase bias analysis products: generation, properties, and performance
Authors: Schaer S. , Villiger A. , Arnold D. , Dach R. , Prange L. , Jäggi A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe generation and use of GNSS analysis products that allow—particularly for the needs of single-receiver applications—precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) are becoming more and more popular. A general uncertainty concerns the question on how the necessary phase bias information should be provided to the PPP-AR user. Until now, each AR-enabling clock/bias representation method had its own practice to provide the necessary bias information. We have generalized the observable-specific signal bias (OSB) representation, as introduced in Villiger (J Geod 93:1487–1500, 2019) originally exclusively for pseudorange measurements, to carrier phase measurements. The existing common clock (CC) approach has been extended in a way that OSBs allowing for flexible signal and frequency handling between multiple GNSS become possible. Advantages of the proposed OSB-based PPP-AR approach are: GNSS biases can be provided in a consistent way for phase and code measurements and it is capable of multi-GNSS and suitable for standardization. This new, extended PPP-AR approach has been implemented by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). CODE clock products that adhere to the integer-cycle property have been submitted to the International GNSS Service (IGS) since mid of 2018 for three analysis lines: Rapid, Final, and MGEX (Multi-GNSS Extension). Ambiguity fixing is performed not only for GPS but also for Galileo. The integer-cycle property of between-satellite clock differences is of fundamental importance when comparing satellite clock estimates among various analysis lines, or at day boundaries. Both kinds of comparisons could be exploited at a very high level of consistency. Any retrieved comparison essentially indicated a standard deviation for between-satellite clocks from CODE of the order of 5 ps (1.5 mm in range). Finally, the integer-cycle property that may be recovered between the CODE Final clock and the accompanying bias product of consecutive daily sessions (using clock estimates additionally provided for the second midnight epoch) allows us to deduce GPS satellite clock and phase bias information that is consistent and continuous with respect to carrier phase observation data over two, three, or, in principle, yet more days. Phase-based clock densification from initially estimated integer-cycle-conform clock corrections at intervals of 300 s to 30 s (5 s in case of our Final clock product) is a matter of particular interest. Based on direct product comparisons and GRACE K-band ranging (KBR) data analysis, the quality of accordingly densified clock corrections could be confirmed to be on a level similar to that of “anchor” (300 s) clock corrections.
Staged reconstruction of unilateral neglected hip dislocation through total hip arthroplasty and subsequent intramedullary femoral lengthening
Authors: Vogt Bjoern , Theil Christoph , Gosheger Georg , Frommer Adrien , Moellenbeck Burkhard , Toporowski Gregor , Roedl Robert , Laufer Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful approach to treat unilateral symptomatic neglected hip dislocation (NHD). However, the extensive leg length discrepancy (LLD) can hereby only be partially corrected. In case of residual LLD of more than 2 cm, subsequent femoral lengthening can be considered.

Patients/material/methods
Retrospective analysis of clinical data and radiographs of five patients (age 38.1 (28–51) years) with unilateral NHD who underwent THA with (n  = 3) or without (n = 2) subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy (SSO) and secondary intramedullary femoral lengthening through a retrograde magnetically-driven lengthening nail (follow-up 18.4 (15–27) months).

Results
LLD was 51.0 (45–60) mm before and 37.0 (30–45) mm after THA. Delayed bone union at one SSO site healed after revision with autologous bone grafting and plate fixation. Subsequent lengthening led to leg length equalisation in all patients. Complete consolidation was documented in all lengthened segments.

Conclusion
Staged reconstruction via THA and secondary femoral lengthening can successfully be used to reconstruct the hip joint and equalise LLD. The specific anatomical conditions have to be taken into consideration when planning treatment, and patients ought to be closely monitored.
Vergangenheit und Zukunft der Qualifizierung von Psychotherapeut*innen
Authors: Bleichhardt Gaby , Voderholzer Ulrich , Rief Winfried 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch das Gesetz über den Beruf der Psychotherapeutin und des Psychotherapeuten des Jahres 2019 wird die Weiterbildung von angehenden psychologischen Psychotherapeut*innen strukturell stärker an die der entsprechenden Facharztweiterbildungen angeglichen.

Ziel der Studie
Angehende ärztliche und psychologische Psychotherapeut*innen wurden online zu ihrem Kompetenzerleben und der Einschätzung der Qualität verschiedener Strukturmerkmale ihrer Weiterbildung befragt.

Material und Methoden
Es konnten 225 Psycholog*innen in Ausbildung (PiA) sowie 34 Ärzt*innen in Weiterbildung (ÄiW) in die Studie eingeschlossen werden.

Ergebnisse
Das Alter bei geplantem Abschluss der Weiter- bzw. Ausbildung beträgt 40 Jahre für die ÄiW sowie 33 Jahre für die PiA. Das Ausmaß der durch das Studium erhaltenen psychotherapeutischen Vorkenntnisse fiel für die PiA deutlich höher aus, insbesondere bzgl. der Kenntnisse von Methoden und Ergebnissen der Therapieforschung war der Gruppenunterschied beträchtlich.. Zum Befragungszeitpunkt erlebten sich beide Gruppen mit 75 %iger (ÄiW) bzw. 73 %iger (PiA) maximal vorstellbarer Kompetenz als vergleichbar fähig. In der Rückschau beschrieben ÄiW ein geringeres Kompetenzerleben für die ersten beiden Weiterbildungsjahre. Die Qualität der Weiterbildung wird von den PiA in vielen Merkmalen als höher eingeschätzt als von den ÄiW.

Schlussfolgerung
Für die Ausgestaltung der Weiterbildung von Psycholog*innen ist wünschenswert, dass die hohe Strukturqualität erhalten bleibt. Das durch die neue Weiterbildung noch weiter ansteigende Lebensalter zum Abschluss stellt Herausforderungen an die zukünftigen Teilnehmer*innen bezüglich Themen wie Familienplanung und wissenschaftlicher Weiterqualifizierung.
Towards optimization of femtosecond laser pulse nanostructuring of targets for high-intensity laser experiments in vacuum
Authors: Andreev A. , Imgrunt J. , Braun V. , Dittmar I. , Teubner U. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with solid targets is a topic that has attracted a large amount of interest in science and applications. For many of the related experiments a large energy deposition or absorption as well as an efficient coupling to extreme ultraviolet (XUV), X-ray photon generation, and/or high energy particles is important. Here, much progress has been made in laser development and in experimental schemes, etc. However, regarding the improvement of the target itself, namely its geometry and surface, only limited improvements have been reported. The present paper investigates the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS or ripples) on polished thick copper targets by femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses. In particular, the dependence of the ripple period and ripple height has been investigated for different fluences and as a function of the number of laser shots on the same surface position. The experimental results and the formation of ripple mechanisms on metal surfaces in vacuum by femtosecond laser pulses have been analysed and the parameters of the experimentally observed “gratings” interpreted on base of theoretical models. The results have been specifically related to improve high-intensity femtosecond-laser matter interaction experiments with the goal of an enhanced particle emission (photons and high energy electrons and protons, respectively). In those experiments the presently investigated nanostructures could be generated easily in situ by multiple pre-pulses irradiated prior to a subsequent much more intense main laser pulse.
Temporal dynamics of total and active prokaryotic communities in two Mediterranean orchard soils treated with solid anaerobic digestate or managed under no-tillage
Authors: Pathan Shamina Imran , Roccotelli Angela , Petrovičovà Beatrix , Romeo Maurizio , Badagliacca Giuseppe , Monti Michele , Gelsomino Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of two improved tillage systems (conventional tillage combined with the incorporation of solid anaerobic digestate, no-tillage) on the prokaryotic community composition in two tree orchard (olive, citrus) soils with contrasting texture, carbonate content, and pH, located in Southern Italy. Soil samples were taken over a 5-month period to assess immediate (2 days) vs short-term (7 and 18 weeks) responses. Phylogenetic diversity and compositional shifts of both total and metabolically active soil prokaryotic communities were assessed by next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene templates from soil-extracted DNA/RNA. In both digestate-treated soils, copiotrophic α-Proteobacteria and oligotrophic Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia showed an immediate (2 days) but short-lived (7 weeks) shift in their relative abundance similar in persistence but not in magnitude; whereas selective soil type-dependent responses were observed for Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes. The autochthonous soil microbiota demonstrated resilience to the addition of the anaerobic digestate, which was dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, and Euryarchaeota (Methanomicrobia). Likewise, a temporary increase in the relative abundances of copiotrophic taxa (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Thaumarchaeota) was observed under conventional tillage, especially in the sandy loam (citrus) soil. Conversely, no-tillage favored the establishment of oligotrophic Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobia in both soils. The active and the total prokaryotic communities differed from each other only in physically disturbed soils. Soil management induced compositional shifts in the predominant microbial copiotrophic/oligotrophic community balance, whose persistence was linked to the tillage system, while magnitude depended on soil type.
Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?—A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema
Authors: Gava Giuseppe , Eickhoff Simon B. , Filler Timm J. , Mayer Felix , Mahlke Nina S. , Ritz-Timme Stefanie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation may be challenging if external injuries are missing, and a typical acute emphysema (AE) “disappears” in pre-existing chronic emphysema (CE). Eighty-four autopsy cases were systematically investigated to identify a (histo-) morphological or immunohistochemical marker combination that enables the diagnosis of violent asphyxiation in cases with a pre-existing CE (“AE in CE”). The cases comprised four diagnostic groups, namely “AE”, “CE”, “acute and chronic emphysema (AE + CE)”, and “no emphysema (NE)”. Samples from all pulmonary lobes were investigated by conventional histological methods as well as with the immunohistochemical markers Aquaporin 5 (AQP-5) and Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A). Particular attention was paid to alveolar septum ends (“dead-ends”) suspected as rupture spots, which were additionally analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The findings in the four diagnostic groups were compared using multivariate analysis and 1-way ANOVA analysis. All morphological findings were found in all four groups. Based on histological and macroscopic findings, a multivariate analysis was able to predict the correct diagnosis “AE + CE” with a probability of 50%, and the diagnoses “AE” and “CE” with a probability of 86% each. Three types of “dead-ends” could be differentiated. One type (“fringed ends”) was observed significantly more frequently in AE. The immunohistochemical markers AQP-5 and SP-A did not show significant differences among the examined groups. Though a reliable identification of AE in CE could not be achieved using the examined parameters, our findings suggest that considering many different findings from the macroscopical, histomorphological, and molecular level by multivariate analysis is an approach that should be followed.
Stochastic bursting in networks of excitable units with delayed coupling
Authors: Zheng Chunming , Pikovsky Arkady 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the phenomenon of stochastic bursting in a noisy excitable unit with multiple weak delay feedbacks, by virtue of a directed tree lattice model. We find statistical properties of the appearing sequence of spikes and expressions for the power spectral density. This simple model is extended to a network of three units with delayed coupling of a star type. We find the power spectral density of each unit and the cross-spectral density between any two units. The basic assumptions behind the analytical approach are the separation of timescales, allowing for a description of the spike train as a point process, and weakness of coupling, allowing for a representation of the action of overlapped spikes via the sum of the one-spike excitation probabilities.
Vaccination against COVID-19 infection: the need of evidence for diabetic and obese pregnant women
Authors: Lapolla A. , Dalfrà M. G. , Burlina S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
The recent availability of vaccines against COVID-19 has sparked national and international debate on the feasibility of administering them to pregnant and lactating women, given that these vaccines have not been tested to assess their safety and efficacy in such women. As concerns the risks of COVID-induced disease, published data show that pregnant women who develop COVID-19 have fewer symptoms than patients who are not pregnant, but they are more likely to need hospitalization in intensive care, and neonatal morbidity. Aim of the present perspective paper is to analyze the current literature regarding the use of the vaccine against COVID-19 infection, in terms of safety and protection, in high risk pregnant women as those affected by diabetes and obesity.

Methods
Analysis of literature about vaccination against COVID-19 infection in pregnancy.

Results
The main health organizations and international scientific societies, emphasize that—although data regarding the use of COVID vaccines during pregnancy and lactation are still lacking—vaccination should not be contraindicated. It should be considered for pregnant women at high risk of exposure to COVID-19. For such women, the potential benefits and risks should be assessed by the healthcare professionals caring for them. A recent prospective study to test the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA in pregnant and lactating women, has showed that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination triggers a robust humoral immunity in pregnant and lactating women; there was also evidence of an immune transfer to their newborn.

Conclusions
We urgently need data on the effect of COVID-19 vaccination, in terms of maternal and fetal outcomes and vaccine related symptoms in high risk women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is important to run campaigns to promote vaccination, in particular in pregnant women at high risk to have severe COVID infection as those diabetics and/or obese.