bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of breast meat traits of broilers fed different amounts of Hermetia illucens and Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis powder
Authors: Choi Sung‐Up , Choi In‐Hag , Chung Tae‐Ho 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PBS) powder on breast meat of broilers during storage. A total of 400 1‐d‐old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four treatments; each treatment group included four replicate pens with 25 birds per pen. Broilers were fed basal diets supplemented with 0.5%, and 1% HI powder or 1.5% PBS powder or only basal diets without HI or PBS. Traits such as meat quality, color, and antioxidant effects were evaluated. The different levels of HI and PBS powder did not enhance meat quality and color during storage. On day 0, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were not significantly affected by different levels of HI and PBS (p > 0.05). However, a significant decrease in TBARS values on day 7 was observed with 0.5% HI and 1.5% PBS treatment compared to values obtained with other treatments (p < 0.05). The reduction in TBARS values with 0.5%, and 1% HI or 1.5% PBS treatments on day 7 was 75.4%, 63.1% and 76.9%, respectively. Between the different levels of HI and PBS treatment, no significant differences in 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging were observed after 7 days of storage. However, addition of HI and PBS powder to broiler diets had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on DPPH radical scavenging in broiler breast meat on day 0. These results indicate that addition of 0.5% HI and 1.5% PBS to broiler diets improves the antioxidant activity of broiler breast meat during storage.
Subsegmental resection preserves regional pulmonary function: A focus on thoracoscopy
Authors: Kuroda Hiroaki , Sakata Shozo , Takahashi Yusuke , Nakada Takeo , Oya Yuko , Sugita Yusuke , Sakakura Noriaki , Matushita Hiroakazu , Sakao Yukinori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate regional postoperative preserved pulmonary function (PPPF) and three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric changes according to the number of resected subsegments and investigate the factors that most affected pre‐/post PPPF.MethodsPatients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy (n = 73), and segmentectomy (n = 87) were eligible for inclusion in the study. They were classified according to the number of resected subsegments which ranged from 1 to 10. The percentage of pre‐/postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was used for comparison. Furthermore, lung volumetric changes were calculated using 3D computed tomography (CT) volumetry.ResultsThe percentage of pre‐/postoperative EFV1 between 4 and 5–7 and between 5–7 and 10 were significant (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively), but not between 1–2 to 4 (p = 0.99). The difference between volumetric changes in the left lower lobe of patients with a number of resected subsegments was significant (p < 0.01). On univariate and multivariate analyses, chronic inflammation was significant for decrease in recovery percentages. When the PPPF was compared among resected subsegments, it gradually decreased with an increase in the number of patients without a postoperative procrastination of inflammation (p < 0.01).ConclusionsSegmentectomy is feasible and useful for PPPF. Even a relatively large‐volume resection procedure where 5–7 subsegments are resected can preserve pulmonary function. Chronic inflammation was statistically identified as a risk factor for postoperative preserved pulmonary function.Key points
Outcomes following major resection for colorectal cancer in patients aged 65+ years: a population‐based study in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Youl Philippa H. , Theile David E. , Moore Julie , Harrington John , Philpot Shoni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) increases with increasing age. As surgery is the primary treatment for CRC, our aim was to examine outcomes following major resection for CRC in a cohort of individuals aged ≥65 years.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective study included 18 339 patients aged ≥65 years diagnosed with CRC from 2007 to 2016. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with the likelihood of having major resection, 30‐day mortality and laparoscopic surgical procedure. Cox proportional hazards was used to examine factors associated with risk of death at 2 years post‐surgery.ResultsOverall, 77.8% (n = 14 274) of patients had a major resection. Males and patients ≥75 years were significantly less likely to have a major resection (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Thirty‐day mortality was 3.1% and 2‐year overall survival was 78.7%. After adjustment, factors such as increasing age (≥75 years), ≥2 comorbidities, emergency admission, open surgical procedure and treatment in a public hospital were all independently and significantly associated with poorer outcomes. The likelihood a patient had a laparoscopic procedure was significantly lower for those from a disadvantaged area (P < 0.001), emergency admission (P < 0.001) as well as for those treated in a public versus private hospital (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPost‐operative mortality increased, and 2‐year survival decreased after age 75 years. The finding of significantly lower rates of laparoscopic surgery for patients from disadvantaged areas and those treated in a public hospital requires further investigation.
Decline in alcohol consumption in Russia: Collectivity or polarisation?
Authors: Radaev Vadim , Roshchina Yana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSales and survey data have shown a decline in alcohol consumption in Russia since 2007. This study examines whether this decline is consistent across lighter and heavier drinkers in line with the theory of the collectivity of drinking cultures.MethodsData were collected through annual nationally representative surveys conducted between 2006 and 2018 of 33 109 individuals aged 18–85 years. We estimated generalised linear regression with Gamma distribution and used log alcohol volume consumed during the previous 30 days as the dependent variable for five percentile groups: heavy drinkers (95th), near heavy drinkers (90th), moderate drinkers (80th), light drinkers (60th for men and 70th for women) and non‐drinkers. Dummy variables for years, percentile groups and their interactions were used as independent variables. The controls were age, education, income, body weight, marital status, household demographic structure, residence, ethnicity and regional climate.ResultsReductions in alcohol consumption were observed in all percentiles, but the scale of change was proportionally smaller among heavier drinkers than among lighter drinkers. However, consumption fell by a smaller amount among lighter drinkers than among heavier drinkers. Results of the regression analysis fit with the descriptive statistics. Interactions between the time period and the percentile groups were significant after 2010. Trends were similar for both sexes.Discussion and ConclusionsDownward trends across percentiles were in the same direction but the magnitude of change varied. Obtained evidence fails to support a polarisation and points towards soft collectivity hypothesis in the reduction in drinking in Russia.
Influence of keratolytics on cutaneous pharmacokinetics of glucocorticoids
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBackground:Keratolytics are often used to accelerate and improve the therapeutic response of hyperkeratotic dermatoses. Keratolytics are a chemically inhomogeneous group of substances and substance mixtures that clinically lead to a decrease in symptoms of a cornification disorder, but mediate different effects. Thus, keratolytic, keratoplastic, keratoemulsifying and keratodiluting effects are distinguished. The physicochemical effects or pharmacological efficacy of the respective keratolytics result in different mechanism as well as risks with regard to local or systemic compatibility. Until now, only little attention has been paid upon selection of keratolytics to the immediate consequences regarding diffusion conditions and pharmacokinetics of sequentially applied topicals, in particular of glucocorticoids.Patients and Methods:This paper deals with the influence of keratolytics on the penetration‐time profile of betamethasone dipropionate in sequential application. For this purpose, cutaneous bioavailability was investigated with the Franz chamber test using a tritium‐labeled drug depending on the previous application of a keratolytic agent. Comparative data analyses were performed.Results:It was shown that keratoplastic substances significantly promote diffusion of the glucocorticoid. Keratoemulsifying substance mixtures exert no relevant effects in this regard, while keratodiluting substance mixtures inhibit penetration.Conclusions:The targeted selection of a keratolytic can optimize the therapeutic effect and influence the bioavailability of sequentially applied topicals.
Prenatal diagnosis of complete vascular ring using high‐definition flow render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Li Tian‐gang , Li Quan‐lin , Ma Bin , Qi Ping‐an , Wang Jian , Yang Lan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVascular rings (VRs) are defined as congenital abnormalities of the aortic arch and its branches. VR can form a ring that may compress the esophagus and trachea, which likely result in feeding difficulties and respiratory distress. Physicians performing fetal echocardiography are knowledgeable about VRS and can provide this information to pediatric cardiothoracic surgeons. However, VRs are rare and can be missed. The three vessels and trachea (3VT) view used to diagnose VRs has been reported in the literature multiple times but in a small series. We diagnosed three cases of VRs using high‐definition (HD) flow render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC). The composition of the VRs and vessel connections were shown more intuitively. This article reports our experience of the following related cases. In addition, postnatal imaging features of VRs were also evaluated.
How to make do with events
Authors: Hinshelwood Alec 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSome claim that when an agent does something, their action should be treated as a particular event. However, a challenge to this has it that if we understand agency through the categoryparticular event, then we must also deploy another,process, because we act in the present but particular events can only exist in the past. In this paper, I show how this argument can be resisted, but suggest that consideration of it should nevertheless lead one to adopt a conception of events which reflects the idea that intentional action involves self‐known change. We thus get into focus how understanding agency in terms of events involves attending to the interaction between the nature of events, the metaphysics of tense, and our epistemological situation as agents.
Husserl on rationality
Authors: Wiltsche Harald A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEdmund Husserl devoted considerable effort to the development of a phenomenological theory of rationality, as, for instance, part four of Ideas 1 attests. After providing some necessary background, I will spell out the details of Husserl's account. Yet, as I will also argue, Husserl's official doctrine is untenable due to several ambiguities and internal tensions. Hence, my primary aim in this paper is to offer a modified phenomenological theory of rationality that avoids the problems of Husserl's original account.
Seizure‐related deaths in children: The expanding spectrum
Authors: Harowitz Jenna , Crandall Laura , McGuone Declan , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough seizures are common in children, they are often overlooked as a potential cause of death. Febrile and nonfebrile seizures can be fatal in children with or without an epilepsy diagnosis and may go unrecognized by parents or physicians. Sudden unexpected infant deaths, sudden unexplained death in childhood, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy share clinical, neuropathological, and genetic features, including male predominance, unwitnessed deaths, death during sleep, discovery in the prone position, hippocampal abnormalities, and variants in genes regulating cardiac and neuronal excitability. Additionally, epidemiological studies reveal that miscarriages are more common among individuals with a personal or family history of epilepsy, suggesting that some fetal losses may result from epileptic factors. The spectrum of seizure‐related deaths in pediatrics is wide and underappreciated; accurately estimating this mortality and understanding its mechanism in children is critical to developing effective education and interventions to prevent these tragedies.
Relation between coffee consumption and risk of seizure‐related respiratory dysfunction in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Bourgeois‐Vionnet Julie , Jung Julien , Bouet Romain , Leclercq Mathilde , Catenoix Hélène , Bezin Laurent , Ryvlin Philippe , Rheims Sylvain 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveCaffeine is an antagonist of the adenosine pathway, which is involved in regulation of breathing. Extracellular concentrations of adenosine are increased in the immediate aftermath of a seizure. Seizure‐related overstimulation of adenosine receptors might promote peri‐ictal apnea. However, the relation between caffeine consumption and risk of seizure‐related respiratory dysfunction in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy remains unknown.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of data collected in patients included in the SAVE study in Lyon's epilepsy monitoring unit at the Adult Epilepsy Department of the Lyon University Hospital between February 2016 and October 2018. The video‐electroencephalographic recordings of 156 patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy included in the study were reviewed to identify those with ≥1 focal seizure (FS), valid pulse oximetry (SpO2) measurement, and information about usual coffee consumption. This latter was collected at inclusion using a standardized self‐questionnaire and further classified into four groups: none, rare (≤3 cups/week), moderate (4 cups/week to 3 cups/day), and high (≥4 cups/day). Peri‐ictal hypoxemia (PIH) was defined as SpO2< 90% for at least 5 s occurring during the ictal period, the post‐ictal period, or both.ResultsNinety patients fulfilled inclusion criteria, and 323 seizures were analyzed. Both the level of usual coffee consumption (p = .033) and the level of antiepileptic drug withdrawal (p = .004) were independent risk factors for occurrence of PIH. In comparison with FS in patients with no coffee consumption, risk of PIH was four times lower in FS in patients with moderate consumption (odds ratio [OR] = .25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .07–.91,p = .036) and six times lower in FS in patients with high coffee consumption (OR = .16, 95% CI = .04–.66,p = .011). However, when PIH occurred, its duration was longer in patients with moderate or high consumption than in those with no coffee consumption (p = .042).SignificanceCoffee consumption may be a protective factor for seizure‐related respiratory dysfunction, with a dose‐dependent effect.
Correlates of injection‐related wounds and skin infections amongst persons who inject drugs and use a syringe service programme: A single center study
Authors: Cahn Brian A. , Bartholomew Tyler S. , Patel Hardik P. , Pastar Irena , Tookes Hansel E. , Lev‐Tov Hadar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRisk factors associated with wounds and skin infections amongst persons who inject drugs may have changed in the era of fentanyl and now stimulant coinjection. We assessed the number of injection site wounds and skin infections and associated factors amongst 675 persons who inject drugs in a syringe services programme. Of this sample, 173 participants reported a total of 307 wounds and skin infections. Significant factors associated with increased number of wounds and skin infections were age 30 or older, female gender, ever experiencing homelessness, cocaine injection, and injecting between 5 and 10 years. Wounds and skin infections were common amongst syringe services programme clients and are associated with certain risk factors that may help to design effective interventions. Given the high prevalence of wounds in syringe services programme clients, wound care clinicians can make a significant difference and improve outcomes. We also shed light on correlates of wounds and skin infections in persons who inject drugs in order to spur further research to devise efficacious interventions for this underserved group.
Polymorphisms in ovine ME1 and CA1 genes and their association with feed efficiency in Hu sheep
Authors: Zhang Deyin , Zhang Xiaoxue , Li Fadi , Yuan Lvfeng , Zhang Yukun , Li Xiaolong , Zhao Yuan , Song Qizhi , Li Guoze , Wang Weimin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImproving feed efficiency would increase profitability for producers. The objective of this study was to detect the expression levels of ME1 and CA1 and the polymorphisms of ME1 and CA1 associated with the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) of Hu sheep by using qRT‐PCR, pooled DNA sequencing and KASPar assay. The qRT‐PCR results indicated that the expression levels of ME1 and CA1 were significantly higher in the liver tissues of low‐RFI sheep than in those of the high‐RFI sheep (p <.01). Association analysis demonstrated that the polymorphism ME1 g.453 C > T was significantly associated with FCR and RFI (p <.05). The polymorphism CA1 g.199 C > T had a significantly associated with FCR (p <.05) and no association with RFI (p >.05). Significant differences were observed between the combined genotypes and FCR and RFI at different measurement periods (p <.05). Thus, we propose the use of these two polymorphisms as new candidate molecular markers for improving feed efficiency in sheep populations.
Trust and Trustworthiness of Christians, Muslims, and Atheists/Agnostics in the United States
Authors: Thunström Linda , Jones Ritten Chian , Bastian Christopher , Minton Elizabeth , Zhappassova Dayana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrust, a cornerstone of economic development, is promoted within religions. In a randomized controlled trial, we examine how trust and trustworthiness vary across religions (Christianity and Islam), religiosity, and atheists/agnostics in the United States. Three novel findings emerge. First, Christians are trusted more than Muslims and nonbelievers, which is due to a Christian ingroup bias––Christians trust Christians more than they trust Muslims and nonbelievers, while Muslims and nonbelievers trust all groups the same. Second, religiosity matters to trust. Religious people trust those of higher religiosity more, but only if they are of the same religion. In contrast, nonbelievers trust people of higher religiosity less. Third, trustworthiness among nonbelievers is somewhat lower than that of the religious, especially toward Christians. We speculate that the lower reciprocity originates in the prejudice toward nonbelievers. Our results may help explain discrimination against Muslims and nonbelievers, given that discrimination often originates in distrust.
Changes in the estimated renal function after hepatitis C virus eradication with direct‐acting antiviral agents: Impact of changes in skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Tokuchi Yoshimasa , Suda Goki , Kimura Megumi , Maehara Osamu , Kitagataya Takashi , Ohara Masatsugu , Yamada Ren , Shigesawa Taku , Suzuki Kazuharu , Kawagishi Naoki , Nakai Masato , Sho Takuya , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Morikawa Kenichi , Ogawa Koji , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can cause renal dysfunction, expected to improve upon HCV eradication. However, adverse effects of HCV eradication using direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) on renal function have been recently reported. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate renal function with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimated using creatinine (eGFRcre) and cystatin C (eGFRcys). Complete clinical information and preserved serum samples were collected from 207 patients with HCV infection treated with interferon‐free DAA at baseline and SVR48 (SVR48). Patients who underwent paired computed tomography (CT) at baseline and ≥12 months after DAA were evaluated for changes in skeletal muscle mass using the psoas muscle mass index (PMI). eGFRcre significantly worsened at SVR48, while eGFRcys was similar at baseline and SVR48. At baseline, eGFRcre was significantly higher than eGFRcys; eGFRcre and eGFRcys were similar at SVR48. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of liver cirrhosis and low‐albumin level, as well as cirrhosis and age, was significantly associated with the overestimation of renal function by eGFRcre at baseline and SVR48, respectively. In the 57 patients who underwent paired CT at baseline and ≥12 months after DAA, relative values of PMI significantly increased after DAA. After DAA, in patients with increased PMI (65% 37/57), eGFRcre significantly worsened but did not change in patients without increased PMI. eGFRcre significantly worsened after DAAs; however, this might not reflect accurate changes in renal function, partially because of changes in skeletal muscle mass. eGFRcys did not change after DAAs, and it is a potential alternative to eGFRcre.
Construction Learning by Child Learners of Foreign Language: Input Distribution and Learner Factors
Authors: HU CHIEH–FANG , MAECHTLE CHEYENNE 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwo studies examined the role of input distribution in English construction learning, by child learners from a Mandarin first‐language background, and the extent to which phonological short‐term memory and awareness predicted such learning. In the first study, 4th‐grade students of Mandarin Chinese (N = 121) learned the English object‐cleft construction under skewed or balanced input conditions. In the skewed condition, the construction was instantiated by exemplars with a high token‐frequency verb; in the balanced condition, the exemplars were evenly distributed. The second study (N = 117) replicated the first study, except that the argument nouns of the verbs in the exemplars also varied. The 2 studies yielded similar results in that children's comprehension of new sentences of the construction and use of the construction to infer new words were not affected by input distribution but were associated with phonological awareness and short‐term memory. The results suggest that while child learners of a foreign language could abstract a new pattern from input without direct instruction, their performance was more consistently associated with individual learner factors than with input‐related factors.