bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BISWSRBS: A Winograd-based CNN Accelerator with a Fine-grained Regular Sparsity Pattern and Mixed Precision Quantization
Authors: Yang Tao , He Zhezhi , Kou Tengchuan , Li Qingzheng , Han Qi , Yu Haibao , Liu Fangxin , Liang Yun , Jiang Li 
Published: September 2021

Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a high-performance computing platform for Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) inference. Winograd algorithm, weight pruning, and quantization are widely adopted to reduce the storage and arithmetic overhead of CNNs on FPGAs. Recent studies strive to prune the weights in the Winograd domain, however, resulting in irregular sparse patterns and leading to low parallelism and reduced utilization of resources. Besides, there are few works to discuss a suitable quantization scheme for Winograd.
In this article, we propose a regular sparse pruning pattern in the Winograd-based CNN, namely, Sub-row-balanced Sparsity (SRBS) pattern, to overcome the challenge of the irregular sparse pattern. Then, we develop a two-step hardware co-optimization approach to improve the model accuracy using the SRBS pattern. Based on the pruned model, we implement a mixed precision quantization to further reduce the computational complexity of bit operations. Finally, we design an FPGA accelerator that takes both the advantage of the SRBS pattern to eliminate low-parallelism computation and the irregular memory accesses, as well as the mixed precision quantization to get a layer-wise bit width. Experimental results on VGG16/VGG-nagadomi with CIFAR-10 and ResNet-18/34/50 with ImageNet show up to 11.8×/8.67× and 8.17×/8.31×/10.6× speedup, 12.74×/9.19× and 8.75×/8.81×/11.1× energy efficiency improvement, respectively, compared with the state-of-the-art dense Winograd accelerator [20] with negligible loss of model accuracy. We also show that our design has 4.11× speedup compared with the state-of-the-art sparse Winograd accelerator [19] on VGG16.
Captivates
Authors: Chwalek Patrick , Ramsay David , Paradiso Joseph A. 
Published: September 2021

We present Captivates, an open-source smartglasses system designed for long-term, in-the-wild psychophysiological monitoring at scale. Captivates integrate many underutilized physiological sensors in a streamlined package, including temple and nose temperature measurement, blink detection, head motion tracking, activity classification, 3D localization, and head pose estimation. Captivates were designed with an emphasis on: (1) manufacturing and scalability, so we can easily support large scale user studies for ourselves and offer the platform as a generalized tool for ambulatory psychophysiology research; (2) robustness and battery life, so long-term studies result in trustworthy data individual's entire day in natural environments without supervision or recharge; and (3) aesthetics and comfort, so people can wear them in their normal daily contexts without self-consciousness or changes in behavior.
Captivates are intended to enable large scale data collection without altering user behavior. We validate that our sensors capture useful data robustly for a small set of beta testers. We also show that our additional effort on aesthetics was imperative to meet our goals; namely, earlier versions of our prototype make people uncomfortable to interact naturally in public, and our additional design and miniaturization effort has made a significant impact in preserving natural behavior.
There is tremendous promise in translating psychophysiological laboratory techniques into real-world insight. Captivates serve as an open-source bridge to this end. Paired with an accurate underlying model, Captivates will be able to quantify the long-term psychological impact of our design decisions and provide real-time feedback for technologists interested in actuating a cognitively adaptive, user-aligned future.
ISACS
Authors: Falcão João Diogo , Ruiz Carlos , Bannis Adeola , Noh Hae Young , Zhang Pei 
Published: September 2021

90% of retail sales occur in physical stores. In these physical stores 40% of shoppers leave the store based on the wait time. Autonomous stores can remove customer waiting time by providing a receipt without the need for scanning the items. Prior approaches use computer vision only, combine computer vision with weight sensors, or combine computer vision with sensors and human product recognition. These approaches, in general, suffer from low accuracy, up to hour long delays for receipt generation, or do not scale to store level deployments due to computation requirements and real-world multiple shopper scenarios.
We present ISACS, which combines a physical store model (e.g. customers, shelves, and item interactions), multi-human 3D pose estimation, and live inventory monitoring to provide an accurate matching of multiple people to multiple products. ISACS utilizes only shelf weight sensors and does not require visual inventory monitoring which drastically reduces the computational requirements and thus is scalable to a store-level deployment. In addition, ISACS generates an instant receipt by not requiring human intervention during receipt generation. To fully evaluate the ISACS, we deployed and evaluated our approach in an operating convenience store covering 800 square feet with 1653 distinct products, and more than 20,000 items. Over the course of 13 months of operation, ISACS achieved a receipt daily accuracy of up to 96.4%. Which translates to a 3.5x reduction in error compared to self-checkout stations.
Mechanical Behavior of Frozen Porous Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Wang Hong-Ying , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2021

The influence of low temperature on longitudinal wave velocity, uniaxial compression strength, tensile strength, peak strain, secant modulus, and acoustic emission characteristics of yellow sandstones was studied. The results show that the secant modulus increases with decreasing temperature when the axial strain is less than 0.6%, and a contrary influence performs for the subsequent stage due to the fracture of the pore ice. With the decrease in temperature, the uniaxial compression strength first increases and then remains at a relatively constant value of 34.44 MPa at about -40°C while the temperature ranges from -40°C to -70°C. The tensile strength shows an approximate linear increment as the temperature. The peak strain gradually increases with temperature in a three-stage piecewise linear form, and the increasing rate gradually decreases with the decreasing temperature. The phase transformation from liquid water at a temperature of 20°C to solid ice at a temperature of -3°C significantly increases the longitudinal wave velocity from 1.55 km/s to 3.36 km/s. When the temperature is lower than -10°C, the longitudinal wave velocity approximately increases linearly at a rate of

2.67
×

10

−
3

km
/
s
·

°

C

−
1

with decreasing temperature.
Análise documental como ferramenta metodológica em história da educação: um olhar para pesquisas locais.
Authors: Souza José Edimar de , Giacomoni Cristian 
Published: September 2021

Este estudo investiga abordagem metodológica da análise documental em pesquisas qualitativas de fenômenos sociais. Trata-se de um estudo do campo da História da Educação cuja abordagem epistemológica é inspirada na perspectiva da História Cultural. Nesse sentido, a mobilização conceitual procura dar sentido e significar as fontes documentais tratadas pelos autores ao compor seus objetos de investigação. A discussão está organizada com base em dois eixos, o primeiro analisa as diferentes formas e usos desta metodologia em pesquisas das áreas humanas e sociais, os critérios teóricos e metodológicos que o pesquisador deve compreender ao trabalhar com este tipo de fonte, bem como algumas sugestões metodológicas para efetivação de pesquisas em História da Educação; o segundo refere-se ao modo como os autores operacionalizaram, buscaram acessar e inventariaram os documentos históricos, bem como apresenta os acervos acessados e as formas de categorização diante do conjunto empírico documental histórico compulsado. Entendemos que análise e interpretação dos dados devem estar alinhadas epistemologicamente e teoricamente com as escolhas realizadas no desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Além disso, considera-se que o trabalho do pesquisador contemporâneo se torna mais complexo diante das muitas possibilidades de fontes que podem constituir análise documental.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Adults With a History of Heart Failure Hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Goyal Parag , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Khan Sadiya , Musse Mahad , Navi Babak B. , Kim Jiwon , Allen Larry A. , Banerjee Samprit , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Yancy Clyde , Michos Erin D. , Devereux Richard B. , Okin Peter M. , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Safford Monika M. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
It is important to understand the risk for in-hospital mortality of adults hospitalized with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection with a history of heart failure (HF).

Methods:
We examined patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection from January 1, 2020 to July 22, 2020, from 88 centers across the US participating in the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease registry. The primary exposure was history of HF and the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. To examine the association between history of HF and in-hospital mortality, we conducted multivariable modified Poisson regression models that included sociodemographics and comorbid conditions. We also examined HF subtypes based on left ventricular ejection fraction in the prior year, when available.

Results:
Among 8920 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, mean age was 61.4±17.5 years and 55.5% were men. History of HF was present in 979 (11%) patients. In-hospital mortality occurred in 31.6% of patients with history of HF, and 16.9% in patients without a history of HF. In a fully adjusted model, history of HF was associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality (relative risk: 1.16 [95% CI, 1.03–1.30]). Among 335 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in a fully adjusted model (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction relative risk: 1.40 [95% CI, 1.10–1.79]; heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction relative risk: 1.06 [95% CI, 0.65–1.73]; heart failure with preserved ejection fraction relative risk, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.84–1.33]).

Conclusions:
Risk for in-hospital mortality was substantial among adults with history of HF, in large part due to age and comorbid conditions. History of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction may confer especially elevated risk. This population thus merits prioritization for the COVID-19 vaccine.
Older Persons and the Right to Health in the Nordics during COVID-19
Authors: Ó Cathaoir Katharina , Aasen Henriette Sinding , Gunnarsdóttir Hrefna D. , Kimmel Kaisa-Maria , Lohiniva-Kerkelä Mirva , Rognlien Ida Gundersby , Westerhäll Lotta Vahlne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We reflect on the extent to which Nordic countries have safeguarded the right to health of older persons during the pandemic in 2020. All Nordic states have ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and thereby committed to recognising the right to health. We use the AAAQ framework developed by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to draw attention to aspects of the respective states’ responses. The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on the health of older persons, from the direct effects of the virus, such as illness and death, to indirect impacts, like isolation and loneliness. We find that Nordic states have at times failed to prioritise the full realisation of the core obligations of the right to health for older persons, namely, non-discrimination and provision of essential healthcare. Resource constraints cannot justify discrimination or failure to respect autonomy, integrity and human dignity.
Fisheries in Ur III Southern Mesopotamia
Authors: Borrelli Noemi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The increased complexity of state management, following a rapid territorial expansion, pushed the Ur III administration (2112–2004 BC) to integrate the production and redistribution network with commodities and food providers which have been previously handled at a limited local scale. Fish and fishermen were among them. After 30 years since Robert Englund’s seminal study on Sumerian fisheries, new evidence provided by the northern provinces of the realm and newly edited textual sources encouraged a reconsideration of the data. The present contribution aims at quantifying the actual circulation of fish through the analysis of its distribution pattern, as well as at identifying possible fishing grounds and processing centres. Further, fishermen’s participation to the institutional economy will be evaluated.
Hâjj Sayyâh in 19th Century Iran: A Voyage in Search of an Identity
Authors: Tornesello Natalia L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe travelogues from the late-19th century voyages of Iranians offer important knowledge on the political, social and cultural history of the modern state. Attention has been directed mainly towards the diaries of travels in Europe, less to the works recording the impressions of those who, for various reasons, travelled within the country during the Qâjâr era. Among these, theKhâterât-e Hâjj Sayyâh, by Mirzâ Mohammad ‘Ali Mahallâti, better known as Hâjj Sayyâh, is of remarkable interest. The article examines several aspects of this ‘travel diary’; in particular their revelation of the author’s critical and pessimistic vision of his homeland and those who are currently governing it. We observe the processes of defining a national ‘self’ in contrast to the ‘other’, influenced by comparisons between Europe and the needs for modernisation, but also from memories of greatness.
An Investigation on Giuseppe Ros’s (1883–1948) Book Collection
Authors: Suping Hu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Giuseppe Ros, an Italian diplomat in China during the period of the Republic of China (1912–1949), was famed for his book collection, which was very rich but only seen by few. During the years of turmoil in China, Ros’s collection went through great hardship and was lost, remaining an unsolved issue today, it could not be found anymore in its entirety. Nevertheless, according to the diaspora course of the collection, the overview and the storage place of the collection at present can still be speculated at a certain extent of precision. After years of study the author has come up with the conclusion that Ros’s collection can be grouped into five categories: 1) The earlier collection, stored in the National Library in Beijing, made up of books written in foreign languages; 2) A number of Chinese maps of the collection are retained in Dalian Library; 3) Ros’s partial collections stored in Guangzhou, now conserved in Guangzhou and Taiwan; 4) A special section on Hainan historical data is kept in the Sun Yat-sen Library in Guangzhou; 5) Scattered parts of the collection are currently stored outside China.
This paper offers an insight on the usually neglected figure of Giuseppe Ros by outlining the main features of his outstanding collection of books.
2-Day Westward-Propagating Inertio-Gravity Waves during GoAmazon
Authors: Mayta Victor C. , Adames Ángel F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dynamical and thermodynamical features of Amazonian 2-day westward-propagating inertia-gravity waves (WIG) are examined. On the basis of a linear regression analysis of satellite brightness temperature and data from the 2014-15 Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) field campaign, it is shown that Amazonian WIG waves exhibit structure and propagation characteristics consistent with the n=1 WIG waves from shallow water theory. These WIG waves exhibit a pronounced seasonality, with peak activity occurring from March to May and a minimum occurring from June to September. Evidence is shown that mesoscale convective systems over the Amazon are frequently organized in 2-day WIG waves. Results suggest that many of the Amazonian WIG waves come from pre-existing 2-day waves over the Atlantic, which slow down when coupled with the deeper, more intense convection over tropical South America. In contrast to WIG waves that occur over the ocean, Amazonian 2-day WIG waves exhibit a pronounced signature in surface temperature, moisture, and heat fluxes.
Eliminating the “hook” in Precipitation-Temperature Scaling
Authors: Visser Johan B. , Wasko Conrad , Sharma Ashish , Nathan Rory 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObservational studies of extreme daily and subdaily precipitation-temperature sensitivities (apparent scaling) aim to provide evidence and improved understanding of how extreme precipitation will respond to a warming climate. However, interpretation of apparent scaling results is hindered by large variations in derived scaling rates and divergence from theoretical and modelled projections of systematic increases in extreme precipitation intensities (climate scaling). In warmer climatic regions, rainfall intensity has been reported to increase with temperature to a maximum before decreasing, creating a second order discontinuity or “hook” like structure. Here we investigate spatial and temporal discrepancies in apparent scaling results by isolating rainfall events and conditioning event precipitation on duration. We find that previously reported negative apparent scaling at higher temperatures which creates the hook structure, is the result of a decrease in the duration of the precipitation event, and not to the decrease in precipitation rate. We introduce standardized pooling using long records of Australian station data across climate zones, to show average precipitation intensities and 1-h peak precipitation intensities increase with temperature across all event durations and locations investigated. For shorter duration events (< 6-h), average precipitation intensity scaling is in line with the expected Clausius- Clapeyron (CC) relation at ~7 %/°C, and this decreases with increasing duration, down to 2 %/°C at 24-h duration. Consistent with climate scaling derived from model projections, 1-h peak precipitation intensities are found to increase with temperature at elevated rates compared to average precipitation intensities, with super-CC scaling (10 – 14 %/°C) found for short-duration events in tropical climates.
Radar Icing Algorithm: Algorithm Description and Comparison with Aircraft Observations
Authors: Serke David J. , Ellis Scott M. , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Albo David E. , Hubbert John C. , Haggerty Julie A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Detection of in-flight icing hazard is a priority of the aviation safety community. The “Radar Icing Algorithm” (RadIA) has been developed to indicate the presence, phase, and relative size of supercooled drops. This paper provides an evaluation of RadIA via comparison to in situ microphysical measurements collected with a research aircraft during the 2017 “Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime clouds: the Idaho Experiment” (SNOWIE) field campaign. RadIA uses level-2 dual-polarization radar moments from operational National Weather Service WSR-88D and a numerical weather prediction model temperature profile as inputs. Moment membership functions are defined based on the results of previous studies, and fuzzy logic is used to combine the output of these functions to create a 0 to 1 interest for detecting small-drop, large-drop, and mixed-phase icing. Data from the two-dimensional stereo (2D-S) particle probe on board the University of Wyoming King Air aircraft were categorized as either liquid or solid phase water with a shape classification algorithm and binned by size. RadIA interest values from 17 cases were matched to statistical measures of the solid/liquid particle size distributions (such as maximum particle diameter) and values of LWC from research aircraft flights. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) values for RadIA algorithms were 0.75 for large-drop, 0.73 for small-drop, and 0.83 for mixed-phase cases. RadIA is proven to be a valuable new capability for detecting the presence of in-flight icing hazards from ground-based precipitation radar.
The Impact of Midlevel Shear Orientation on the Longevity of and Downdraft Location and Tornado-Like Vortex Formation within Simulated Supercells
Authors: Gray Kevin , Frame Jeffrey 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite an increased understanding of environments favorable for tornadic supercells, it is still sometimes unknown why one favorable environment produces many long-tracked tornadic supercells and another seemingly equally favorable environment produces only short-lived supercells. One relatively unexplored environmental parameter that may differ between such environments is the degree of backing or veering of the midlevel shear vector, especially considering that such variations may not be captured by traditional supercell or tornado forecast parameters. We investigate the impact of the 3–6-km shear vector orientation on simulated supercell evolution by systematically varying it across a suite of idealized simulations. We found that the orientation of the 3–6-km shear vector dictates where precipitation loading is maximized in the storms, and thus alters the storm-relative location of downdrafts and outflow surges. When the shear vector is backed, outflow surges generally occur northwest of an updraft, produce greater convergence beneath the updraft, and do not disrupt inflow, meaning that the storm is more likely to persist and produce more tornado-like vortices (TLVs). When the shear vector is veered, outflow surges generally occur north of an updraft, produce less convergence beneath the updraft, and sometimes undercut it with outflow, causing it to tilt at low levels, sometimes leading to storm dissipation. These storms are shorter lived and thus also produce fewer TLVs. Our simulations indicate that the relative orientation of the 3–6-km shear vector may impact supercell longevity and hence the time period over which tornadoes may form.
On the utility of individual tendency output: Revealing interactions between parameterised processes during a marine cold air outbreak
Authors: Kähnert Marvin , Sodemann Harald , de Rooy Wim C. , Valkonen Teresa M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractForecasts of marine cold air outbreaks critically rely on the interplay of multiple parameterisation schemes to represent sub-grid scale processes, including shallow convection, turbulence, and microphysics. Even though such an interplay has been recognised to contribute to forecast uncertainty, a quantification of this interplay is still missing. Here, we investigate the tendencies of temperature and specific humidity contributed by individual parameterisation schemes in the operational weather prediction model AROME-Arctic. From a case study of an extensive marine cold air outbreak over the Nordic Seas, we find that the type of planetary boundary layer assigned by the model algorithm modulates the contribution of individual schemes and affects the interactions between different schemes. In addition, we demonstrate the sensitivity of these interactions to an increase or decrease in the strength of the parameterised shallow convection. The individual tendencies from several parameterisations can thereby compensate each other, sometimes resulting in a small residual. In some instances this residual remains nearly unchanged between the sensitivity experiments, even though some individual tendencies differ by up to an order of magnitude. Using the individual tendency output, we can characterise the subgrid-scale as well as grid-scale responses of the model and trace them back to their underlying causes. We thereby highlight the utility of individual tendency output for understanding process-related differences between model runs with varying physical configurations and for the continued development of numerical weather prediction models.