bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐relationships between trait resilience, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes in autistic adults
Authors: Muniandy Melanie , Richdale Amanda L. , Arnold Samuel R. C. , Trollor Julian N. , Lawson Lauren P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResilience has been depicted as a key characteristic in the promotion of mental health in the face of stress and adversity. Despite high levels of stress encountered in the autistic population, resilience studies remain scarce. Using data from an Australian longitudinal adult study, this study explored the inter‐relationships between trait resilience, coping, and mental health in a sample of autistic adults (N = 78). In particular, we examined the relationship between resilience and use of coping strategies, and the potential mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between resilience and mental health outcomes. Our findings suggested that increased use of engagement coping (e.g., problem‐solving, positive appraisal) and decreased use of disengagement coping (e.g., self‐blame, being in denial) strategies were associated with higher levels of resilience. Further, mediation analysis results suggest that disengagement coping mediated the associations between resilience and all three mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and well‐being), while engagement coping strategies mediated the relationship between resilience and well‐being only. Our results illustrate that coping strategies may be an important mechanism in explaining the resilience‐mental health relationship in autistic adults, highlighting the importance of considering stress‐related constructs together (i.e., trait resilience and coping) when addressing support and intervention options for mental health difficulties in the autistic adult population.Lay SummaryThis research explored how resilience and coping strategies influence the mental health and well‐being of autistic adults. We found that resilient autistic adults used more engagement coping strategies, less disengagement coping strategies, and reported better mental health and well‐being. Considering stress‐related factors together (i.e., resilience and coping) offers a novel perspective to mental health difficulties in autistic adults and may be a vital step in the development of support options in this population.
Torsionstragverhalten von Betonhohlquerschnitten in geschlossenen und klaffenden Segmentfugen – Teil 2: Die Umlagerung der Torsionsschubspannungen
Authors: Loh Lutz , Garg Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBeim Bau von Segmentbrücken oder Türmen von Windenergieanlagen werden Betonfertigteile häufig trocken gestoßen und die Fugen mit einer Vorspannung überdrückt. Durch trockene Reibung müssen die meist glatten Betonoberflächen auch Schubspannungen aus Querkraft und Torsion übertragen. Im ersten Teil dieses Aufsatzes [1] wurden zwei bestehende Nachweismodelle zum Torsionstragverhalten von trockenen Betonfugen am Beispiel des Turms einer Windenergieanlage vorgestellt und zudem ein eigener Ansatz auf Grundlage der Theorie der Wölbkrafttorsion aufgezeigt. Aufbauend auf diesem Ansatz wird nachfolgend ein neues konsistentes Nachweiskonzept vorgestellt, welches eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit Versuchsdaten aufweist.
Molecular Recognition of Nerve Agents and Their Organophosphorus Surrogates: Toward Supramolecular Scavengers and Catalysts
Authors: Finnegan Tyler J. , Gunawardana Vageesha W. Liyana , Badjić Jovica D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNerve agents are tetrahedral organophosphorus compounds (OPs) that were developed in the last century to irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and therefore impede neurological signaling in living organisms. Exposure to OPs leads to a rapid development of symptoms from excessive salivation, nasal congestion and chest pain to convulsion and asphyxiation which if left untreated may lead to death. These potent toxins are prepared on a large scale from inexpensive staring materials, making it feasible for terrorist groups or states to use them against military and civilians. The existing antidotes provide limited protection and are difficult to apply to a large number of affected individuals. While new prophylactics are currently being developed, there is still need for therapeutics capable of both preventing and reversing the effects of OP poisoning. In this review, we describe how the science of molecular recognition can expand the pallet of tools for rapid and safe sequestration of nerve agents.
Studying Fluid Characteristics Atop Surface Patterned Membranes via Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Denizer Didem , ElSherbiny Ibrahim M. A. , Ulbricht Mathias , Panglisch Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurface patterning is a recent promising approach to promote performance of pressure‐driven membranes in water treatment and desalination. Nevertheless, knowledge about foulant deposition mechanisms, especially at early stage of filtration, is still lacking. The applicability of particle imaging velocimetry to study fluid characteristics atop surface patterned thin‐film composite membranes was investigated at different operating conditions. This work is an important first step toward reliable understanding of the impacts of topographical membrane surface modification on hydrodynamic conditions and foulant deposition mechanisms.
Effect of melatonin supplementation on endothelial function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A randomized, double‐blinded clinical trial
Authors: Hoseini Shervin Ghaffari , Heshmat‐Ghahdarijani Kiyan , Khosrawi Saeid , Garakyaraghi Mohammad , Shafie Davood , Roohafza Hamidreza , Mansourian Marjan , Azizi Elham , Gheisari Yousof , Sadeghi Masoumeh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin supplementation on endothelial function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsThis is an analysis of the MeHR trial, a randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial with two parallel arms of 1:1. Oral 10 mg melatonin tablets or placebo was administered for 24 weeks. Deference in the percentage of flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) after the intervention was the primary outcome.ResultsNinety‐two patients were included in the study (age: 62.7±10.3 years, 87.0% male, ejection fraction (EF): 28.6±8.1). After adjustment for baseline FMD and age, a statistically significant difference in post‐treatment FMD in favor of the melatonin group was seen (estimated marginal means [95%CI], melatonin: 7.84% [6.69–8.98], placebo: 5.98% [4.84–7.12], p = .027). There was no significant difference in the mean of post‐treatment systolic/diastolic blood pressure, serum total antioxidant capacity, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) between groups. Subgroup analysis showed significant improvement in FMD and MDA in the melatonin group in nondiabetic patients, while no difference was seen between study groups in diabetic patients.ConclusionsMelatonin supplementation in HFrEF might improve endothelial function; however, this beneficial effect might not be seen in diabetic patients.
Hemodynamic effects of size and location of basilar artery fenestrations associated to pathological implications
Authors: Tong Xinyu , Dong Jia , Zhou Guojing , Zhang Xuyang , Wang Ancong , Ji Zhi , Jiao Liqun , Mei Yuqian , Chen Duanduan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFenestration is a rare congenital abnormality that refers to a segmental duplication of arteries. It is still not clear about the role of fenestrations in the etiology and pathological evolution of vascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the hemodynamic influence brought by various sizes and locations of fenestration in basilar artery models. A series presumptive fenestration models were established based on a normal basilar artery model with various sizes and locations. Identical boundary conditions were utilized in the computational fluid dynamics simulations and different flow patterns in the fenestration and bifurcation regions were comprehensively analyzed. Wall shear stress (WSS)‐related parameters such as oscillatory shear index (OSI) and aneurysm formation index (AFI) were computed and compared. The value of WSS on fenestration increased by the fenestration's tortuosity, and nearly‐circular fenestration suffered higher WSS than narrow‐strips one. Also, high OSI and low AFI value mainly occurred in the bifurcation region, indicating a high level of turbulence and high risk of aneurysm formation. The location of fenestration mainly changed the impact force of blood flow on the bifurcation and the disorder characteristics of blood flow, while the size of fenestration changed the WSS distribution on the proximal inner wall and bifurcation region of fenestration. In summary, the nearly‐circular fenestration should be stratified carefully which may results in a high risk inducing unfavorable vascular wall remodeling.
Molecular and Spectroscopic Characterization of Green and Red Cyanine Fluorophores from the Alexa Fluor and AF Series**
Authors: Gebhardt Christian , Lehmann Martin , Reif Maria M. , Zacharias Martin , Gemmecker Gerd , Cordes Thorben 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of fluorescence techniques has an enormous impact on various research fields including imaging, biochemical assays, DNA‐sequencing and medical technologies. This has been facilitated by the development of numerous commercial dyes with optimized photophysical and chemical properties. Often, however, information about the chemical structures of dyes and the attached linkers used for bioconjugation remain a well‐kept secret. This can lead to problems for research applications where knowledge of the dye structure is necessary to predict or understand (unwanted) dye‐target interactions, or to establish structural models of the dye‐target complex. Using a combination of optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we here investigate the molecular structures and spectroscopic properties of dyes from the Alexa Fluor (Alexa Fluor 555 and 647) and AF series (AF555, AF647, AFD647). Based on available data and published structures of the AF and Cy dyes, we propose a structure for Alexa Fluor 555 and refine that of AF555. We also resolve conflicting reports on the linker composition of Alexa Fluor 647 maleimide. We also conducted a comprehensive comparison between Alexa Fluor and AF dyes by continuous‐wave absorption and emission spectroscopy, quantum yield determination, fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy spectroscopy of free and protein‐attached dyes. All these data support the idea that Alexa Fluor and AF dyes have a cyanine core and are a derivative of Cy3 and Cy5. In addition, we compared Alexa Fluor 555 and Alexa Fluor 647 to their structural homologs AF555 and AF(D)647 in single‐molecule FRET applications. Both pairs showed excellent performance in solution‐based smFRET experiments using alternating laser excitation. Minor differences in apparent dye‐protein interactions were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings clearly demonstrate that the AF‐fluorophores are an attractive alternative to Alexa‐ and Cy‐dyes in smFRET studies or other fluorescence applications.
Functional inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase suppresses pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression
Authors: Cheng Chien‐shan , Tan Hor‐Yue , Wang Ning , Chen Lianyu , Meng Zhiqiang , Chen Zhen , Feng Yibin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) a highly lethal malignancy. The current use of clinical parameters may not accurately predict the clinical outcome, which further renders the unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome.MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical‐pathological characteristics and prognosis of 253 PAAD patients. Univariate, multivariate, and Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses were conducted to assess risk factors and clinical outcomes. For functional study, we performed bidirectional genetic manipulation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in PAAD cell lines to measure PAAD progression by both in vitro and in vivo assays.ResultsLDHA is particularly overexpressed in PAAD tissues and elevated serum LDHA‐transcribed isoenzymes‐5 (LDH‐5) was associated with poorer patients’ clinical outcomes. Genetic overexpression of LDHA promoted the proliferation and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo in murine PAAD orthotopic models, while knockdown of LDHA exhibited opposite effects. LDHA‐induced L‐lactate production was responsible for the LDHA‐facilitated PAAD progression. Mechanistically, LDHA overexpression reduced the phosphorylation of metabolic regulator AMPK and promoted the downstream mTOR phosphorylation in PAAD cells. Inhibition of mTOR repressed the LDHA‐induced proliferation and invasion. A natural product berberine was selected as functional inhibitor of LDHA, which reduced activity and expression of the protein in PAAD cells. Berberine inhibited PAAD cells proliferation and invasion in vitro, and suppressed tumor progression in vivo. The restoration of LDHA attenuated the suppressive effect of berberine on PAAD.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that LDHA may be a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target of human PAAD.
Hybrid swarm optimization algorithm based on task scheduling in a cloud environment
Authors: Eldesokey Heba M. , Abd El‐atty Saied M. , El‐Shafai Walid , Amoon Mohammed , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryCloud computing is the current computing standard, which provides information technology (IT) services over the Internet on demand. In the cloud environment, a task is mapped with an available resource to attain a good result. Task scheduling is the technique that is used to allocate tasks on virtual machines (VMs) of a server based on its capacity of workload. Tasks are scheduled to the server in such a way to minimize traffic and time delay. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is the best existing algorithm used to schedule a task to an existing resource on the environment of the cloud. By PSO, the task is scheduled for an existing resource to reduce computational cost. In this paper, a hybrid swarm optimization (HSO) algorithm, which is the combination of PSO and salp swarm optimization (SSO), is proposed to resolve task scheduling issues in the cloud environment. The main goal of HSO is to schedule the task to the available resource in such a way to reduce the execution time and computation cost. Multilayer logistic regression (MLR) is an approach used to detect the overloaded VMs, so that a task can be scheduled to a VM according to its capacity of workload. The proposed HSO algorithm with MLR is simulated on the cloudsim toolkit, and the results reveal the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in terms of cost, execution time, and makespan. Compared to the existing algorithms such as the genetic algorithms (GAs), the improved efficiency evolution (IDEA), and the PSO, the proposed algorithm reveals superiority in terms of efficiency, resource utilization, and speed.
Comprehensive investigations for a potential natural prophylaxis—A cellular and murine model for apple cider vinegar against hydrogen peroxide and scopolamine induced oxidative stress
Authors: Tripathi Smriti , Mitra Mazumder Papiya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOxidative stress is the critical marker of neurological complications such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is known to have health benefits due to its antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and high antioxidant properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that regular consumption of ACV would protect against AD‐like neurological diseases via inhibition of oxidative stress. Authors have compared the efficacy of ACV with that of Chrysin and Rivastigmine in cellular and animal studies. In the cellular study, oxidative stress was induced in Neuro2A cells (1 × 107) via H2O2 (50 μM) treatment. Subsequently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was performed, and cell viability, SOD, GSH, lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were measured. Similarly, in the animal study, oxidative stress was introduced in Swiss albino mice (10–11 weeks old, 20–25 g, n = 30) via scopolamine (1 mg/kg). Subsequently, histopathological experiments were performed; cognitive ability, AChE activity, and SOD, GSH, and MDA levels were measured. The in vitro results indicated that ACV (2 μM) provided better protection than Chrysin and Rivstigmine in cell viability. ACV has also performed better in restoring the antioxidants markers (SOD, GSH levels) and reducing MDA and AChE levels. In the in vivo study, test compounds (ACV, Chrysin, and Rivastigmine) improved cognitive impairment, increased the SOD and GSH level, reduced the MDA level and AChE activity, and protected the cortex‐hippocampal neurons from degeneration. Here also, ACV (0.7%) showed better neuroprotection than the other two compounds. Therefore, these results supported our hypothesis that moderate consumption of ACV might prove to be beneficial prophylaxis against AD‐like neurological diseases.
Positive outcomes from integrating telehealth into routine clinical practice for eating disorders during COVID‐19
Authors: Raykos Bronwyn C. , Erceg‐Hurn David M. , Hill James , Campbell Bruce N.C. , McEvoy Peter M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) has required telehealth to be integrated into the delivery of evidence‐based treatments for eating disorders in many services, but the impact of this on patient outcomes is unknown.ObjectiveThe present study examined the impact of the first wave of COVID‐19 and rapid transition to telehealth on eating disorder symptoms in a routine clinical setting.MethodParticipants were 25 patients with a confirmed eating disorder diagnosis who had commenced face‐to‐face treatment and rapidly switched to telehealth during the first wave of COVID‐19 in Western Australia. Eating disorder symptoms, clinical impairment and mood were measured prospectively before and during lockdowns imposed due to COVID‐19.HypothesesWe predicted that patients would experience poorer treatment outcomes during COVID‐19 and would perceive poorer therapeutic alliance and poorer quality of treatment compared to face‐to‐face therapy.ResultsOur hypotheses were not supported. On average, patients achieved large improvements in eating disorder symptoms and mood, and the magnitude of improvement in eating disorder symptoms was comparable to historical benchmarks at the same clinic. Patients rated the quality of treatment and therapeutic alliance highly.DiscussionProviding evidence‐based treatment for eating disorders via telehealth during COVID‐19 lockdown is acceptable to patients and associated with positive treatment outcomes.
FGFgene family characterization provides insights into its adaptive evolution in Carnivora
Authors: Wei Qinguo , Dong Yuehuan , Sun Guolei , Wang Xibao , Wu Xiaoyang , Gao Xiaodong , Sha Weilai , Yang Guang , Zhang Honghai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) encoded by theFGFgene family can regulate development and physiology in animals. However, their evolutionary characteristics in Carnivora are largely unknown. In this study, we identified 660 sequences of three types ofFGFgenes from 30 unannotated genomes of Carnivora animals (before 7th May 2020), and theFGFgenes from 52 Carnivora species were analyzed through the method of comparative genomics. Phylogenetic and selective pressure analyses were carried out based on theFGFgenes of these 52 Carnivora species. The phylogenetic analysis results demonstrated that theFGFgene family was divided into 10 subfamilies and thatFGF5formed one clade rather than belonging to the subfamilies ofFGF4andFGF6. The evolutionary analysis results showed that theFGFgenes were prominently subjected to purifying selection and were highly conserved in the process of Carnivora evolution. We also carried out phylogenetic comparative analyses, which indicated that the habitat was one of the factors that shaped the evolution of CarnivoraFGFgenes. TheFGF1andFGF6genes were positively selected in the Carnivora animals, and positive selection signals were detected for theFGF19gene in semiaquatic Carnivora animals. In summary, we clarified the phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics of CarnivoraFGFgenes and provided valuable data for future studies on evolutionary characterization of Carnivora animals.
Nonhost species reduce parasite infection in a focal host species within experimental fish communities
Authors: Ahn Sangwook , Goater Cameron P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe dilution effect describes the negative association between host biodiversity and the risk of infectious disease. Tests designed to understand the relative roles of host species richness, host species identity, and rates of exposure within experimental host communities would help resolve ongoing contention regarding the importance and generality of dilution effects. We exposed fathead minnows to infective larvae of the trematode, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus in minnow‐only containers and in mixed containers that held 1–3 other species of fish. Parasite infection was estimated as the number of encysted worms (i.e., brainworms) present in minnows following exposure. The results of exposure trials showed that nonminnow fish species were incompatible with O. ptychocheilus larvae. There was no reduction in mean brainworm counts in minnows in mixed containers with brook sticklebacks or longnose dace. In contrast, brainworm counts in minnows declined by 51% and 27% in mesocosms and aquaria, respectively, when they co‐occurred with emerald shiners. Dilution within minnow + shiner containers may arise from shiner‐induced alterations in minnow or parasite behaviors that reduced encounter rates between minnows and parasite larvae. Alternatively, shiners may act as parasite sinks for parasite larvae. These results highlight the role of host species identity in the dilution effect. Our results also emphasize the complex and idiosyncratic effects of host community composition on rates of parasite infection within contemporary host communities that contain combinations of introduced and native species.
Soil microarthropods respond differently to simulated drought in organic and conventional farming systems
Authors: Meyer Svenja , Kundel Dominika , Birkhofer Klaus , Fliessbach Andreas , Scheu Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Central Europe, summer droughts are increasing in frequency which threatens production and biodiversity in agroecosystems. The potential of different farming systems to mitigate detrimental drought effects on soil animals is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of simulated drought on the abundance and community composition of soil microarthropods (Collembola and Oribatida and Meso‐, Pro‐, and Astigmata) in winter wheat fields under long‐term conventional and organic farming in the DOK trial, Switzerland. We simulated drought by excluding 65% of the ambient precipitation during the wheat‐growing season from March to June 2017. The abundance of Collembola and Oribatida declined more consistently in conventionally managed fields compared to organically managed fields under simulated drought. The abundance of Collembola as well as Meso‐, Pro‐ and Astigmata, but not the abundance of Oribatida, increased in deeper soil layers due to simulated drought, suggesting vertical migration as a drought avoidance strategy. The species composition of Oribatida communities, but not of Collembola communities, differed significantly between drought treatments and between farming systems. Soil carbon content was a major factor structuring Oribatida communities. Our results suggest that organic farming buffers negative effects of drought on soil microarthropods, presumably due to higher soil carbon content and associated higher soil moisture and improved soil structure. This potential of organic farming systems to mitigate consequences of future droughts on soil biodiversity is promising and needs further exploration across larger climatic and spatial scales and should be extended to other groups of soil biota.