bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dominance and female presence on secondary sexual characteristics in male tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella)
Authors: Paukner Annika , Slonecker Emily M. , Wooddell Lauren J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlpha status may lead to physiological changes that enhance secondary sexual characteristics, which may serve as competitive signals to conspecific males, sexual signals to females, or possibly a combination of both. Here, we report measurements of secondary sexual characteristics in captive dominant and subordinate male tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) with varying access to females. An adult male (who had previously been subordinate while housed with other males) was paired with an adult female. This male–female pair was introduced into a room that housed three other male–male pairs with stable hierarchy arrangements. We analyzed weight, body measurements, facial photographs, and hair cortisol before, during, and after introducing a female into the room. While there were no differences in weight or measurements between alphas and subordinates without physical access to the female prior to or during the female's presence, we found that direct access to the female resulted in dramatic changes in facial appearance, body size, and testicular volume in the male who was paired with her. Overall, we found little evidence to suggest that alpha males advertise their status within all‐male groups via sexual secondary characteristics. However, direct physical access to females appears to trigger the development of such characteristics in alpha males. It remains of continued interest to identify the endocrine mechanisms responsible for the development, and possible loss, of secondary sexual characteristics.
Age‐specific habitat preference, carrying capacity, and landscape structure determine the response of population spatial variability to fishing‐driven age truncation
Authors: Tao Hsiao‐Hang , Dur Gaël , Ke Po‐Ju , Souissi Sami , Hsieh Chih‐hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms underlying spatial variability of exploited fish is critical for the sustainable management of fish stocks. Empirical studies suggest that size‐selective fishing can elevate fish population spatial variability (i.e., more heterogeneous distribution) through age truncation, making the population less resilient to changing environment. However, species differ in how their spatial variability responds to age truncation and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

We hypothesize that age‐specific habitat preference, together with environmental carrying capacity and landscape structure, determines the response of population spatial variability to fishing‐induced age truncation. To test these hypotheses, we design an individual‐based model of an age‐structured fish population on a two‐dimensional landscape under size‐selective fishing. Individual fish reproduces and survives, and moves between habitats according to age‐specific habitat preference and density‐dependent habitat selection.

Population spatial variability elevates with increasing age truncation, and the response is stronger for populations with stronger age‐specific habitat preference. On a gradient landscape, reducing carrying capacity elevates the relative importance of density dependence in habitat selection, which weakens the response of spatial variability to age truncation for populations with strong age‐specific habitat preference. On a fragmented landscape, both populations with strong and weak age‐specific habitat preferences are restricted at local optimal habitats, and reducing carrying capacity weakens the responses of spatial variability to age truncation for both populations.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that to track and predict the changes in population spatial variability under exploitation, it is essential to consider the interactive effects of age‐specific habitat preference, carrying capacity, and landscape structure. To improve spatial management in fisheries, it is crucial to enhance empirical and theoretical developments in the methodology to quantify age‐specific habitat preference of marine fish, and to understand how climatic change influences carrying capacity and landscape continuity.
Increased B‐cell activity with consumption of activated monocytes in severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Kos Igor , Balensiefer Benedikt , Lesan Vadim , Kaddu‐Mulindwa Dominic , Thurner Lorenz , Christofyllakis Konstantin , Bittenbring Joerg Thomas , Ahlgrimm Manfred , Seiffert Martina , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Bewarder Yvonne , Neumann Frank , Rixecker Torben , Smola Sigrun , Link Andreas , Krawczyk Marcin , Lammert Frank , Lepper Philipp M. , Bals Robert , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Bewarder Moritz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of autoimmune complications triggered by SARS‐CoV2 has not been completely elucidated. Here, we performed an analysis of the cellular immune status, cell ratios, and monocyte populations of patients with COVID‐19 treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) (cohort 1, N = 23) and normal care unit (NCU) (cohort 2, n = 10) compared with control groups: patients treated in ICU for noninfectious reasons (cohort 3, n = 30) and patients treated in NCU for infections other than COVID‐19 (cohort 4, n = 21). Patients in cohort 1 presented significant differences in comparison with the other cohorts, including reduced frequencies of lymphocytes, reduced CD8+T‐cell count, reduced percentage of activated and intermediate monocytes and an increased B/T8 cell ratio. Over time, patients in cohort 1 who died presented with lower counts of B, T, CD4+T, CD8+T‐lymphocytes, NK cells, and activated monocytes. The B/T8 ratio was significantly lower in the group of survivors. In cohort 1, significantly higher levels of IgG1 and IgG3 were found, whereas cohort 3 presented higher levels of IgG3 compared to controls. Among many immune changes, an elevated B/T8‐cell ratio and a reduced rate of activated monocytes were mainly observed in patients with severe COVID‐19. Both parameters were associated with death in cohort 1.
Reconfigurable Implication and Inhibition Boolean logic gates based on NAD+‐dependent enzymes: Application to signal‐controlled biofuel cells and molecule release
Authors: Bollella Paolo , Kadambar Vasantha Krishna , Melman Artem , Katz Evgeny 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Implication and Inhibition Boolean logic gates were realized using NAD+/NADH‐dependent dehydrogenases combined with hexokinase competing for biomolecule input signals. Both logic gates operated with the same enzyme composition and their reconfiguration was achieved simply by redefining the input signals. The output signals produced by the logic gates were analyzed optically and electrochemically, particularly using enzyme‐modified electrodes. The logically processed input signals were used to switch operation of a biofuel cell and activate a molecule release process.
Functional network estimation using multigraph learning with application to brain maturation study
Authors: Wang Junqi , Xiao Li , Hu Wenxing , Qu Gang , Wilson Tony W. , Stephen Julia M. , Calhoun Vince D. , Wang Yu‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough most dramatic structural changes occur in the perinatal period, a growing body of evidences demonstrates that adolescence and early adulthood are also important for substantial neurodevelopment. We were thus motivated to explore brain development during puberty by evaluating functional connectivity network (FCN) differences between childhood and young adulthood using multi‐paradigm task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements. Different from conventional multigraph based FCN construction methods where the graph network was built independently for each modality/paradigm, we proposed a multigraph learning model in this work. It promises a better fitting to FCN construction by jointly estimating brain network from multi‐paradigm fMRI time series, which may share common graph structures. To investigate the hub regions of the brain, we further conducted graph Fourier transform (GFT) to divide the fMRI BOLD time series of a node within the brain network into a range of frequencies. Then we identified the hub regions characterizing brain maturity through eigen‐analysis of the low frequency components, which were believed to represent the organized structures shared by a large population. The proposed method was evaluated using both synthetic and real data, which demonstrated its effectiveness in extracting informative brain connectivity patterns. We detected 14 hub regions from the child group and 12 hub regions from the young adult group. We show the significance of these findings with a discussion of their functions and activation patterns as a function of age. In summary, our proposed method can extract brain connectivity network more accurately by considering the latent common structures between different fMRI paradigms, which are significant for both understanding brain development and recognizing population groups of different ages.
The effect of alcohol sales restrictions on alcohol poisoning mortality: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Skorobogatov Alexander S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the tough anti‐alcohol legislation recently introduced in Russia, which due to regional variation allows it to be used as a natural experiment. The effect of the restricted trading hours on alcoholic poisoning mortality is estimated. To establish a causal link, difference‐in‐differences and synthetic controls are used. The main conclusion is that the sales restrictions lead to higher alcohol poisoning mortality, which implies that more toxic alcohol surrogates serve as substitutes for commercially available alcohol.
Dying from envy: The role of inequality
Authors: Japaridze Irakli , Sayour Nagham 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe hypothesize that when interpersonal comparisons, often referred to as “keeping up with the Joneses”, are operational, relative deprivation (income inequality) results in increased likelihood of morbidity among lower income households. Using a simple theoretical model, we show that the larger the income disparities between “the Joneses” and “the followers”, the higher is the followers' expenditure on conspicuous consumption and the lower is their expenditure on health. We empirically test our hypotheses using Canadian data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and the Survey of Household Spending and US data from the National Health Interview Survey. We find that, in peer groups defined by geographic proximity of residence or similar socio‐economic background, larger income disparities are associated with higher spending by the followers on conspicuous consumption, lower health expenditure, worse self‐reported health and younger age at death.
The effects of structure, process and outcome incentives on primary care referrals to a national prevention programme
Authors: McManus Emma , Elliott Jack , Meacock Rachel , Wilson Paul , Gellatly Judith , Sutton Matt 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite widespread use, evidence is sparse on whether financial incentives in healthcare should be linked to structure, process or outcome. We examine the impact of different incentive types on the quantity and effectiveness of referrals made by general practices to a new national prevention programme in England. We measured effectiveness by the number of referrals resulting in programme attendance. We surveyed local commissioners about their use of financial incentives and linked this information to numbers of programme referrals and attendances from 5170 general practices between April 2016 and March 2018. We used multivariate probit regressions to identify commissioner characteristics associated with the use of different incentive types and negative binomial regressions to estimate their effect on practice rates of referral and attendance. Financial incentives were offered by commissioners in the majority of areas (89%), with 38% using structure incentives, 69% using process incentives and 22% using outcome incentives. Compared to practices without financial incentives, neither structure nor process incentives were associated with statistically significant increases in referrals or attendances, but outcome incentives were associated with 84% more referrals and 93% more attendances. Outcome incentives were the only form of pay‐for‐performance to stimulate more participation in this national disease prevention programme.
Short and long‐term outcomes of three‐dimensional printed surgical guides and virtual surgical planning versus conventional methods for fibula free flap reconstruction of the mandible: Decreased nonunion and complication rates
Authors: May Matthew M. , Howe Benjamin M. , O'Byrne Thomas J. , Alexander Amy E. , Morris Jonathon M. , Moore Eric J. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Janus Jeffrey R. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Dickens Hunter J. , Price Daniel L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether virtual surgical planning and three‐dimensional printed cutting guides (3D/VSP) improved radiographic bone union compared to conventional methods (CM) in fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction of the mandibles.MethodsRetrospective study from the years 2000–2018 at a tertiary hospital. Osseous union was evaluated by a radiologist blinded to each patient's treatment.ResultsTwo hundred sixty patients who underwent FFF tissue transfer, 28 with VSP and 3D cutting guides. Bony union was not achieved in 46 (20%) patients who underwent CM compared to 1 (4%) of patients with VSP and guides (p = 0.036). FFF complication was significantly higher in CM with 87 patients (38%) compared to three patients (11%) in 3D/VSP (p = 0.005). Median time to bony union for patients who underwent CM was 1.4 years compared to 0.8 years in 3D/VSP.Conclusions3D/VSP reduced the rate of radiographic nonunion and flap‐related complications in FFF reconstruction for mandibular defects.
High‐ionicity fluorophosphate lattice via aliovalent substitution as advanced cathode materials in sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Gu Zhen‐Yi , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Xie Dan , Sun Zhong‐Hui , Zhao Chen‐De , Liang Hao‐Jie , Li Wen‐Hao , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) with 3D open framework is a promising candidate due to its high working voltage and large theoretical capacity. However, the severe capacity degradation and poor rate capability hinder its practical applications. The present study demonstrated the optimization of Na‐storage performance of NVPF via delicate lattice modulation. Aliovalent substitution of V3+ at Na+ in NVPF induces the generation of electronic defects and expansion of Na+‐migration channels, resulting in the enhancement in electronic conductivity and acceleration of Na+‐migration kinetics. It is disclosed that the formed stronger NaO bonds with high ionicity than VO bonds lead to the significant increase in structural stability and ionicity in the Na+‐substituted NVPF (NVPF‐Nax). The aforementioned effects of Na+ substitution achieve the unprecedented electrochemical performance in the optimized Na3.14V1.93Na0.07(PO4)2F3 (NVPF‐Na0.07). As a result, NVPF‐Na0.07 delivers a high‐rate capability (77.5 mAh g−1 at 20 C) and ultralong cycle life (only 0.027% capacity decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 10 C). Sodium‐ion full cells are designed using NVPF‐Na0.07 as cathode and Se@reduced graphene oxide as anode. The full cells exhibit excellent wide‐temperature electrochemical performance from −25 to 25°C with an outstanding rate capability (96.3 mAh g−1 at 20 C). Furthermore, it delivered an excellent cycling performance over 300 cycles with a capacity retention exceeding 90% at 0.5 C under different temperatures. This study demonstrates a feasible strategy for the development of advanced cathode materials with excellent electrochemical properties to achieve high‐efficiency energy storage.image
Light emitting diode‐red light for reduction of post‐surgical scarring: Results from a dose‐ranging, split‐face, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kurtti Alana , Nguyen Julie K. , Weedon Jeremy , Mamalis Andrew , Lai Yi , Masub Natasha , Geisler Amaris , Siegel Daniel M. , Jagdeo Jared R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScarring has significant esthetic and functional consequences for patients. A need exists for anti‐scarring therapeutics. Light emitting diode‐red light (LED‐RL) has been shown to modulate skin fibrosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LED‐RL to reduce post‐operative scarring. Cutaneous Understanding of Red‐light Efficacy on Scarring was a randomized, mock‐controlled, single‐blind, dose‐ranging, split‐face phase II clinical trial. Starting 1 week post‐surgery, patients received LED‐RL irradiation and temperature‐controlled mock therapy to incision sites at fluences of 160, 320 or 480 J/cm2, triweekly for 3 weeks. Efficacy was assessed at 1, 3 and 6–12 months. The primary endpoint was difference in scar pliability between LED‐RL‐treated and control sites. Secondary outcomes included Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, collagen and water concentration, and adverse events. There were no significant differences in scar pliability between treated and control scars. At certain fluences, treated scars showed greater improvements in observer rating and scar pliability, reflected by greater reductions in induration, from baseline to 6 months compared to control scars. Treatment‐site adverse events included blistering (n = 2) and swelling (n = 1), which were mild and resolved without sequelae. LED‐RL phototherapy is safe in the early postoperative period and may reduce scarring.
Supporting autonomy in youth mentoring relationships
Authors: Davis Amanda L. , McQuillin Samuel D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe preference for and exercise of autonomous decision‐making in adolescence is a normative developmental process. Yet, increased autonomy is associated with both risks and benefits. Connection to others through positive relationships, including mentoring relationships, is one context that predicts healthy autonomous decision‐making. In other ways, such relationships can interfere or stifle the development of autonomy. In synthesizing the existing scientific literature on autonomy development and autonomy‐supportive practices, we propose a framework for considering the role of mentors in supporting autonomy through five domains of influence: role modeling, encouraging, providing access to resources, relationships, and experiences, advocacy, and conversations about behavior change. We provide suggestions for research and practice.
Vitamin D3supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults
Authors: Mølmen Knut Sindre , Hammarström Daniel , Pedersen Karianne , Lian Lie Anne Cecilie , Steile Ragnvald B. , Nygaard Håvard , Khan Yusuf , Hamarsland Håvard , Koll Lise , Hanestadhaugen Marita , Eriksen Atle Lie , Grindaker Eirik , Whist Jon Elling , Buck Daniel , Ahmad Rafi , Strand Tor A. , Rønnestad Bent R. , Ellefsen Stian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age‐related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin D. At present, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on responses to resistance training remain largely unexplored.MethodsNinety‐five male and female participants (healthy,n = 71; COPD,n = 24; age 68 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3or placebo supplementation for 28 weeks in a double‐blinded manner (latitude 61°N, September–May). Seventy‐eight participants completed the RCT, which was initiated by 12 weeks of supplementation‐only (two weeks with 10 000 IU/day, followed by 2000 IU/day), followed by 13 weeks of combined supplementation (2000 IU/day) and supervised whole‐body resistance training (twice weekly), interspersed with testing and measurements. Outcome measures included multiple assessments of muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (n = 6), and muscle mass (n = 3, legs, primary), as well as muscle quality (legs), muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fibre characteristics, transcriptome), and health‐related variables (e.g. visceral fat mass and blood lipid profile). For main outcome domains such as muscle strength and muscle mass, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments.ResultsOverall, 13 weeks of resistance training increased muscle strength (13% ± 8%), muscle mass (9% ± 8%), and endurance performance (one‐legged, 23% ± 15%; whole‐body, 8% ± 7%), assessed as weighted combined factors, and were associated with changes in health variables (e.g. visceral fat, −6% ± 21%; [LDL]serum, −4% ± 14%) and muscle tissue characteristics such as fibre type proportions (e.g. IIX, −3% points), myonuclei per fibre (30% ± 65%), total RNA/rRNA abundances (15%/6–19%), and transcriptome profiles (e.g. 312 differentially expressed genes). Vitamin D3supplementation did not affect training‐associated changes for any of the main outcome domains, despite robust increases in [25(OH)D]serum(∆49% vs. placebo). No conditional effects were observed for COPD vs. healthy or pre‐RCT [25(OH)D]serum. In secondary analyses, vitamin D3affected expression of gene sets involved in vascular functions in muscle tissue and strength gains in participants with high fat mass, which advocates further study.ConclusionsVitamin D3supplementation did not affect muscular responses to resistance training in older adults with or without COPD.
Comparison of methodologies to detect hemoglobinopathy carriers in a multi‐ethnic sperm donor population
Authors: Isley Lauren J. , Chamberlain Aleisha K. , Callum Pamela , Shamonki Jaime 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn estimated 7% of the world's population are carriers for a hemoglobin disorder. Current guidelines recommend carrier screening by complete blood count, with follow‐up hemoglobin electrophoresis or fractionation based on abnormal result or ethnicity. Advances in molecular genetic testing are thought to increase carrier detection. This study compares carrier screening methodologies in a multi‐ethnic sperm donor population. A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from a US sperm bank. All men underwent carrier screening for hemoglobin disorders via complete blood count, hemoglobin fractionation, and molecular testing. Results were compared using counts and percentages. McNemar's exact test was used to examine differences in the marginal probabilities of screening methodologies. Of the 438 tested, 25 (5.7%) were identified as carriers of at least one hemoglobin disorder by molecular testing. Seventeen (68%) of those carriers were missed by recommended methods. No identified carriers were detected by recommended methods but missed by molecular testing. The difference between these discordant pairs was significant (p‐value < 0.001). The majority (44%) of carriers were mixed ethnicity, followed by 36% White. Results indicate that molecular screening methodologies have a greater ability to detect carriers of hemoglobin disorders compared to currently recommended methods in a multi‐ethnic population.