bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schistosoma mansoni infection risk for school-aged children clusters within households and is modified by distance to freshwater bodies
Authors: Lamberti Olimpia , Kabatereine Narcis B. , Tukahebwa Edridah M. , Chami Goylette F. 
Published: November 2021

Background
The interaction of socio-demographic and ecological factors with Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection risk by age and the household clustering of infections between individuals are poorly understood.

Methods
This study examined 1,832 individuals aged 5–90 years across 916 households in Mayuge District, Uganda. S. mansoni infection status and intensity were measured using Kato-Katz microscopy. Socio-demographic and ecological factors were examined as predictors of infection status and intensity using logistic and negative binomial regression models, respectively, with standard errors clustered by household. A subgroup analysis of children was conducted to examine the correlation of infection status between children and their caretakers.

Findings
Infection varied within age groups based on the distance to Lake Victoria. Children aged 9–17 years and young adults aged 18–29 years who lived ≤0.50km from Lake Victoria were more likely to be infected compared to individuals of the same age who lived further away from the lake. Infections clustered within households. Children whose caretakers were heavily infected were 2.67 times more likely to be infected.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate the focality of schistosome transmission and its dependence on socio-demographic, ecological and household factors. Future research should investigate the sampling of households within communities as a means of progressing towards precision mapping of S. mansoni infections.
Diversity of the physician workforce: Specialty choice decisions during medical school
Authors: Burkhardt John , DesJardins Stephen , Gruppen Larry 
Published: November 2021

Background
Despite efforts to increase the overall diversity of the medical student body, some medical specialties have a less diverse applicant pool based on both gender and race than would be expected based on medical graduate demographics.

Objectives
To identify whether women and Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM) medical students have baseline differences in their career interests or if their career plans change more during medical school when compared to men and non-URIM students.

Methods
Secondary data analyses of all medical students who applied through ERAS from 2005–2010 was conducted. Binary logistic regression models with the response being a planned career in one of four medical specialties (internal medicine, pediatrics, OB/GYN, and general surgery/surgical specialties) at medical school entry and graduation. Regression models included demographics, student attitudes, debt, academic metrics, and medical school experiences.

Results
Comparatively, women were less likely to be interested in internal medicine and surgery and more interested in pediatrics and OB/GYN at matriculation. URiM students expressed more interest in OB/GYN and surgery when starting medical school. At graduation, women were less likely to plan for internal medicine and surgery and were more interested in pursuing OB/GYN and pediatrics. URiM students were more likely to plan for a career in internal medicine and less likely to choose pediatrics.

Conclusions
From matriculation to graduation, women have relatively stable preferences regarding planned medical specialties. In contrast, URiM students’ specialty plans shifted over time among the four specialties, with variation in preferences occurring between matriculation and graduation.
Genetic association between TNF-α G-308A and osteoarthritis in Asians: A case–control study and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Chih-Chien , Huang Chih-Yun , Lee Meng-Chang , Tsai Dung-Jang , Wu Chia-Chun , Su Sui-Lung 
Published: November 2021

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an important health issue in elderly people. Many studies have suggested that genetic factors are important risk factors for OA, of which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is one of the most examined genes. Moreover, several studies have investigated the relationship between TNF-α G-308A polymorphisms and OA risk, but consistent results have not been obtained.

Objective
This study examines the association between TNF-α G-308A polymorphisms and knee OA. Moreover, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to determine whether this is a susceptibility gene for knee OA.

Methods
Between 2015 and 2019, 591 knee OA cases and 536 healthy controls were recruited. The Kellgren–Lawrence grading system was used to identify the knee OA cases. A meta-analysis was conducted including related studies published until 2020 from PubMed, Embase, and previous meta-analysis to improve the evidence level of the current study. The results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the effect of this polymorphism on knee OA risk. The TSA was used to estimate the sample sizes required in this issue.

Results
A nonsignificant association was found between the AA genotype and knee OA [adjusted OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.62–1.15) in the recessive model] in the present case–control study, and analysis of other genetic models showed a similar trend. After adding the critical case–control samples for Asians, the TNF-α G-308A, AA genotype exhibited 2.57 times more risk of developing arthritis when compared with the GG + GA genotype (95% CI, 1.56–4.23), and the cumulative samples for TSA (n = 2182) were sufficient to obtain a definite conclusion.

Conclusions
The results of this meta-analysis revealed that the TNF-α G-308A, AA genotype is a susceptible genotype for OA in the Asian population. This study integrated all current evidence to arrive at this conclusion, suggesting that future studies on Asians are not required.
Impact of stent edge dissection detected by optical coherence tomography after current-generation drug-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Sakakura Kenichi , Yanase Tomonobu , Ugata Yusuke , Tsukui Takunori , Taniguchi Yosuke , Yamamoto Kei , Seguchi Masaru , Wada Hiroshi , Fujita Hideo 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundStent edge dissection (SED) is a well-known predictor of worse clinical outcomes. However, impact of SED after current-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation remains unknown since there was no study using only current-generation DES to assess impact of SED. This study aimed to investigate a relationship between SED detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and clinical outcomes after current-generation DES implantation.MethodsThis study enrolled 175 patients receiving OCT after current-generation DES implantation. The SED group was compared with the non-SED group in terms of the primary study endpoints which was the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) composed of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI), and clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR).ResultsOf 175 patients, SED detected by OCT was observed in 32 patients, while 143 patients did not show SED. In the crude population, the SED group showed a significantly higher incidence of CD-TLR, definite stent thrombosis, TV-MI and cardiac death relative to the non-SED group. After adjustment by an inverse probability weighted methods, the SED group showed a significantly higher incidence of MACE compared with the non-SED group (hazard ratio 3.43, 95% confidence interval 1.09–10.81, p = 0.035). Fibrocalcific or lipidic plaques, greater lumen eccentricity, and stent-oversizing were the predictors of SED.ConclusionsSED detected by OCT after the current-generation DES implantation led to unfavorable outcomes. Aggressive post-dilatation around the stent edge might worse clinical outcomes due to SED, although achievement of optimal stent expansion is strongly encouraged to improve clinical outcomes.
The Judge's Understanding of Iwad (Living Hadith in Palembang Religious Court)
Authors: Himsyah Fatroyah Asr 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to understand the perception of the Palembang Religious Court Judges about Iwad Khulu 'which originated from the Hadith. The results of this study indicate that there are two typologies of understanding of Iwad Khulu', both of theme are textual understanding and contextual understanding. According to the understanding of textual type, iwad must be understood to arise as a result of khulu 'because the husband violated the ta'lik talak so that the wife filed for divorce by paying a ransom in the form of money in the amount of ten thousand rupiahs according to the provisions in The PMA Number 2 of 1990 concerning Obligations of Marriage Registrar, through regulations this Judge no longer takes other considerations. Whereas the contextual type understands that Iwad Khulu 'depends on the type of khulu',when it khulu' due to violations of the ta'lik talak, the iwad depends on the provisions of the Ministry of Religion, while the khulu' purely caused by a reason other than the violation of the ta'lik talak then the considerations are proof, wife's ability and the principle of justice.
Mening med vrøvlet
Authors: Madsen Claus K. , Allouche Lea 
Published: November 2021

Making Sense of Nonsense: Readings of Children’s Poetry as Play and Creative Thinking
Abstract: Nonsense and meaning are not necessarily conflicting concepts, but can be conceived of as a hendiadys, that is, not opposites, the one or the other, but as one and the other. The idea that meaning and nonsense are related and coexist is a premise for this article, which describes different structures of meaning in the nonsense poetry of Birgitte Krogsbøll and Kamilla Wichmann’s picture book Funkelgnister: Rim, råb og remser (2015, Glittersparks: Rhymes, Roars and Rigmaroles). By linking our analysis of Funkelgnister to Johan Huizinga’s theory of play as a prerequisite for culture, we reveal how the specific structures and logics of the poems generate meaning and thereby we disclose how children’s nonsense poetry is simultaneously meaningful and nonsensical, as a creative thinking akin to culture developed through play and playfulness. We describe how meaning can be sought in three directions, suggested by Gilles Deleuze: above, below and on the surface. In the first case, we consider nonsense as a seductive acoustic phenomenon. In the second, we focus on nonsense poetry as subversive. And finally, in the third case, we show how it is an event. In all, these different aspects demonstrate how nonsense poetry functions as play and challenges our understanding of what it means to read. Following Jurij Lotman’s understanding of pictorial language as creative thinking, we show how nonsense in Funkelgnister opens up a free space by utilizing an in-between, where meaning takes on different forms as signs and sounds, and how the inherent rejection of normative rules of reading in such a venture, initiates a production of meaning as metonymic activity. We thereby highlight how nonsense generates a ground for a creative development of meaning.
Humor i to nyere norske diktbildebøker
Authors: Westergaard Bjørlo Berit 
Published: November 2021

Humour in Two Contemporary Norwegian Poetry Picturebooks: Pling i bollen and 123 for barske barn
Abstract: This article examines visual and verbal humour in two contemporary Norwegian poetry picturebooks for children. The main aim is to study how different types of humour and various poetic devices are expressed through the interplay of words and images. Moreover, the article discusses in which ways the two books represent a continuation and a renewal of classic humour traditions. The theoretical framework mainly consists of intermedial theory, picturebook theory, children’s poetry studies, and studies on literary humour traditions such as nonsense, parody, and the Bakhtinian carnivalesque. The selected books are Pling i bollen: Fine og ufine barnerim (Off One’s Chump: Delicate and Indelicate Children’s Verses) from 2011 by Ingvild Rishøi and Bendik Kaltenborn and 123 for barske barn: Tull med tall (123 for Rough Children: Nonsense with Numbers) from 2020 by Anne Østgaard and Egil Nyhus. The analyses point to examples of both playful and sophisticated interactions between poems and illustrations, suggesting that the picturebook medium includes more diverse combinations of visual and verbal humour compared to traditional illustrated poetry books. In addition, the various types of humour appear to be wilder and coarser than in classic children’s poetry. 123 for barske barn combines pedagogical and aesthetic qualities by featuring nonsense and carnivalesque humour with numbers, while Pling i bollen offers an even wider range of humour by combining satire, parody, and sophisticated nonsense with more playful and carnivalesque qualities. These compounds of humour tend to transgress the classic genre of children’s verse and to include a cross-generational audience.
Das Bibliothekswesen in Namibia
Authors: Böhm Johannes 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz gibt einen knappen Überblick über die geschichtliche Entwicklung und die aktuelle Situation des namibischen Bibliothekswesens sowie die Herausforderungen und Besonderheiten, mit denen Bibliotheken in Namibia konfrontiert sind. Betrachtet werden die Grundstrukturen des Bibliothekswesens, die Ausbildungs- und Personallage und die jeweils wichtigsten Bibliothekstypen im öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Bereich.
An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry approach for the identification of geographical origin of wheat flour
Authors: Chen Tong , Qi Xingpu , Si Zaiyong , Cheng Qianwei , Chen Hui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, a method was established for discriminating geographical origins of wheat flour based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and chemometrics. 68 wheat flour samples from three different origins were collected and analyzed using ED-XRF technology. Firstly, the principal component analysis method was applied to analyze the feasibility of discrimination and reduce data dimensionality. Then, Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) was used to further extract feature variables, and 12 energy variables (corresponding to mineral elements) were identified and selected to characterize the geographical attributes of wheat flour samples. Finally, a non-linear model was constructed using principal component analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). The CARS-PCA-QDA model showed that the accuracy of five-fold cross-validation was 84.25%. The results showed that the established method was able to select important energy channel variables effectively and wheat flour could be classified based on geographical origins with chemometrics, which could provide a theoretical basis for unveiling the relationship between mineral element composition and wheat origin.
Random walk on spheres algorithm for solving steady-state and transient diffusion-recombination problems
Authors: Shalimova Irina , Sabelfeld Karl K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We further develop in this study
the Random Walk on Spheres (RWS) stochastic algorithm for solving
systems of coupled diffusion-recombination equations
first suggested in our recent article [K. Sabelfeld,
First passage Monte Carlo algorithms for solving coupled systems of diffusion–reaction equations,
Appl. Math. Lett. 88 2019, 141–148].
The random walk on spheres process mimics the isotropic diffusion
of two types of particles which may recombine to each other.
Our motivation comes from the transport problems of free and bound exciton recombination.
The algorithm is based on tracking the trajectories
of the diffusing particles exactly in accordance with the probabilistic distributions derived from the explicit representation of the relevant Green functions for balls and spheres. Therefore, the method is mesh free both in space and time.
In this paper we implement the RWS algorithm for solving the diffusion-recombination problems both in a steady-state and transient settings.
Simulations are compared against the exact solutions.
We show also how the RWS algorithm can be applied to calculate
exciton flux to the boundary which provides the electron beam-induced current, the concentration of the survived excitons, and the cathodoluminescence intensity which are all integral characteristics of the solution to diffusion-recombination problem.
Epidemiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Albania
Authors: Galica Adelina Nicoleta , Galica Reitano , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition, with a relatively high prevalence and represents a burden for the healthcare budgets. Knowing the prevalence of IBS is important for scientific and practical estimation of its impact. The recent Rome IV global study has shed light on the prevalence of IBS in many countries, but reports are lacking from other countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IBS in Albania, a country from which we do not have relevant information.
Method: A prospective study was carried out in order to find out the prevalence of IBS in Albania. The target population was a sample of at least 500 Albanian adults (from a population of 2.2 million adults in this country. The questionnaires were distributed to the general population through three University centers from different areas of the country, through family doctors, chosen randomly, and by door to door by volunteer medical students. The questionnaires were self-completed by the participants and included 29 items: biographical data, IBS symptoms based on the Rome IV criteria, the symptoms that accompany IBS and the quality of life (QoL). The prevalence of IBS in the studied population, the sex ratio, the subtypes of IBS and the prevalence of different symptoms were calculated.
Results: We sent out 550 questionnaires and we received answers from 502 subjects (response rate 91%, 312 females, median age: 42 years). IBS was present in 43 cases (8.6%), without gender predominance. The IBS subtypes had the following values: IBS-C 58%, IBS-D 28% and IBS-M 14%. Women had a relatively higher risk for subtype IBS predominant constipation (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 0.32-3.95, p=0.84) but men appeared to be more prone to IBS predominant diarrhea (OR=1.3, 95%CI: 0.33-5.08, p=0.7). The most affected age was over 50 years and the least affected was between 18-30 years. Bloating was present in 81.4% of IBS respondents. The pain significantly influenced the daily activity in IBS: OR=12.9:1 (95% CI: 6.18-27.31, p<0.0001). Education seems to be an important risk factor; people with only middle school education or less had an OR=4.5 (95% CI: 2-10.54, p=0.0003) of developing IBS than people with a higher education.
Conclusions: These are the first reported data on IBS in Albania. IBS in Albania is of 8.6%, more than the average data in the Rome IV global study, but in the range obtained from other studies. The most common type is IBS-C; there is no gender predominance; it is more common in less educated persons; the influence of pain on daily activity is higher in IBS.
The concept of the personal and axiological experience in the philosophy of K. Wojtyła – John Paul II: a starting point of philosophical anthropology
Authors: Krzanowski Jerzy 
Published: November 2021

Philosophy, which reflects different anthropological solutions and theories of humanity, considered in the perspective of Christian philosophical anthropology in Poland, is the Thomistic phenomenology of action of K. Wojtyła – John Paul II. In this philosophical concept the starting point is the personal and axiological experience. It is analysis of the acts of conscious action. Act reveals the person (the moral significance of the person). Widely understood Wojtyla’s Personalism is a chance of a creative meeting for two philosophies – from Lublin and Cracow. The more the use of his thoughts, the more developed they become.
The role of the theory of prototypes in moral thought
Authors: Wojtanowska Weronika 
Published: November 2021

In this article I attempt to highlight and briefly analyze some problematic aspects of the theory of prototypes and its implications in moral thought. I focus on the issue of moral judgement and the impact of prototypicality on our understanding of moral concepts. The objective of the article is to indicate the significance of the new perspectives opened by the notion of prototype, but also to point out certain difficulties. Some of the problematic questions emerge from the very existence of the prototype structure of categories and concepts; other problems arise with reference to the proposed implications or postulates which are connected with the acknowledgement of the significance of prototypicality. Due to the recognition of the practical dimension of ethics, the main issues are presented through examples of concepts which are commonly used in everyday life, ­referring to political and social values, traits of character and emotions.
Liebe aus dem Internet. Tinder-App als Herausforderung für die pastorale Tätigkeit der Kirche
Authors: Gajda Tomasz 
Published: November 2021

The contemporary, expansive development of the Internet and all kinds of mobile tools has changed all areas of human life. Food, health, entertainment, work, social and family ties – all this and many other areas of life are woven into virtual reality. This has also affected the way of getting to know the chosen ones in life. The mobile world has been offering many digital dating tools to seek love of one’s life”. One of them is the “Tinder” mobile application. It is this tool that the article examines, first by analyzing the phenomenon of this invention and its popularity in the context of social sciences, then by discussing it in the perspective of pastoral theology. In the sections of the article, the author presents the following issues: what Tinder consists of; the usage statistics for this tool; the philosophical-sociological background of online-dating; the characteristics of the generation of Tinder users and – finally – the challenges and inspirations Tinder presents to the pastoral care of the Church.
The importance of the School of Journalism of the Catholic Church in the system of the reform in Francoist Spain
Authors: Jaroszyk Joanna 
Published: November 2021

This article deals with the issues of educating journalists during the Franco regime in Spain and the place occupied by the School of Journalism of the Catholic Church in this system. The first years of dictatorship were characterized by a strong subordination of education and occupation to the current interests of the state, which regulated access to the profession and education only within the framework of the State School of Journalism. In the second half of the 50’s there was a gradual liberalization of the system, consisting in the gradual admission of other entities to the organization of vocational education of journalists, especially the Catholic Church. This allowed for the launch in 1960 of the School of Journalism of the Catholic Church, the functioning of which was the first manifestation of the regime’s gradual withdrawal from state supervision over the process of educating journalists. The Catholic Church School referred to the pre-war, excellent traditions of the journalism school organized by the Catholic daily El Debate, becoming a kind of counterweight to the regime’s State School of Journalism.The competition between schools (although still slight at that time) contributed to an increase in the quality of education. The emphasis on the completion of general education or the design of curricula taking into account the development of information technology made it possible to equip students with competences required in the labour market, which previously could only be obtained to a greater or lesser extent in practice.