bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening Using Digital Mammography in Canada
Authors: Wilkinson Anna N. , Mainprize James G. , Yaffe Martin J. , Robinson Jessica , Cordeiro Erin , Look Hong Nicole J. , Williams Phillip , Moideen Nikitha , Renaud Julie , Seely Jean M. , Rushton Moira 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceEvolving breast cancer treatments have led to improved outcomes but carry a substantial financial burden. The association of treatment costs with the cost-effectiveness of screening mammography is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the cost-effectiveness of population-based breast cancer screening in the context of current treatment standards.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this economic evaluation, the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer/Statistics Canada OncoSim-Breast microsimulation model was used to estimate the impact of various screening schedules in terms of clinical outcomes and treatment costs. Breast cancer treatment costs were derived from activity-based costing published in 2023 specific to a publicly funded health system in Ontario, Canada. A single birth cohort of individuals assigned female at birth in 1975 was modeled until death or age 99 years (whichever came first).ExposuresFive screening scenarios were modeled: no screening, biennial (ages 50-74 years and 40-74 years), hybrid (biennial ages 40-49 years and annual ages 50-74 years), and annual screening (ages 40-74 years).Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratios for deaths averted, life-years (LYs) gained, and incremental cost-utility ratios for quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained were determined for screening scenarios. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying screening participation rates and reducing recall rates to 5% and the estimated mortality benefits of screening.ResultsEarlier initiation of breast cancer screening at age 40 years (vs age 50 years) was associated with improved clinical outcomes (deaths averted, LYs saved, and QALYs gained) and reduced health care spending on breast cancer treatment. From a health system perspective, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for biennial screening at ages 40 to 74 years compared with biennial screening at ages 50 to 74 years were cost saving, with CAD$49 759 saved per death averted, $1558 per LY saved, and $2007 saved per QALY gained. Annual screening at ages 40 to 74 years was cost-effective while achieving the best breast cancer outcomes, with costs of $25 501 per death averted, $1100 per LY saved, and $1447 per QALY gained compared with the current Canadian standard of biennial screening at ages 50 to 74 years.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this economic analysis, although screening costs increased according to the number of lifetime screens, they were completely or largely offset by reduced breast cancer therapy costs. Digital mammography was a highly cost-effective tool to reduce breast cancer mortality. These results have important policy implications for all single-payer health systems and call for greater investment in screening programs.
Esophagectomy Trends and Postoperative Outcomes at Private Equity–Acquired Health Centers
Authors: Williams Jonathan E. , Schaefer Sara L. , Jacobs Ryan C. , Ibrahim Andrew M. , Odell David D. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceGrowing trends in private equity acquisition of acute care hospitals in the US have motivated investigations into quality of care delivered at these health centers. While some studies have explored comparative outcomes for high-acuity medical conditions, care trends and outcomes of complex surgical procedures, such as esophagectomy, at private equity–acquired hospitals is unknown.ObjectiveTo compare structural characteristics and postoperative outcomes following esophagectomy between private equity–acquired and nonacquired health centers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 to 99 years who underwent elective esophagectomy at US health centers between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. Health centers were designated as private equity acquired using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Compendium of US Health Systems. Data were analyzed between October 15, 2023, and March 30, 2024.ExposurePatient cohorts were created based on whether they received care at private equity–acquired or nonacquired health centers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was 30-day postoperative complications, mortality, failure to rescue, and readmission using summary statistics and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 9462 patients (mean [SD] age, 72.9 [5.6] years; 6970 male [73.7%]) underwent esophagectomy during the study period, with 517 (5.5%) receiving care at private equity–acquired institutions. Annual procedure volume was lower at private equity–acquired hospitals vs nonacquired hospitals (median, 2 [IQR, 1-4] vs 7 [IQR, 3-15] procedures per year). Compared with patients treated at nonacquired hospitals, patients treated at private equity–acquired hospitals had significantly higher 30-day mortality (8.1% [95% CI, 5.8%-10.3%] vs 4.9% [95% CI, 4.5%-5.3%]; odds ratio [OR], 1.82 [95% CI, 1.25-2.64]; P = .002), any complications (36.6% [95% CI, 32.9%-40.3%] vs 30.1% [95% CI, 29.2%-30.9%]; OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.18-1.80]), serious complications (17.5% [95% CI, 14.5%-20.6%] vs 14.3% [95% CI, 13.7%-15.0%]; OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.03-1.77]; P = .03), and failure to rescue (5.9% [95% CI, 3.9%-7.9%] vs 3.4% [95% CI, 3.1%-3.8%]; OR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.22-2.84]; P = .004).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that patients who undergo esophagectomy at private equity–acquired hospitals may be at risk for worse outcomes. Further understanding of the drivers of these outcomes is needed to improve performance and inform policy pertaining to care allocation for select surgical conditions.
Dynamic Redox Induced Localized Charge Accumulation Accelerating Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis
Authors: Chang Bin , Ren Yuanfu , Mu Nan , Zuo Shouwei , Zou Chen , Zhou Wei , Wen Linrui , Tao Huabing , Zhou Weijia , Lai Zhiping , Kobayashi Yoji , Zhang Huabin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis necessitates applied bias to facilitate electron transfer as well as bond cleavage and formation. Traditional electrocatalysis focuses on analyzing the effects of electron transfer, while the role of charge accumulation induced by the applied overpotential has not been thoroughly investigated. To explore the influence mechanism of bias‐driven charge accumulation, capacitive Mn is incorporated into IrO2 to regulate the local electronic structure and the adsorption behavior. The applied bias triggers dynamic redox reactions at the active sites, which introduce local charge accumulation on the surface of electrocatalyst. Under bias, Mn oxidation induced a noticeable pseudocapacitance in the pre‐OER region, promoting the OER kinetics of iridium sites. Meanwhile, the increased oxygen vacancy formation energy further prevents the lattice oxygen activation. The PEM electrolyzer, equipped with optimal materials as an anode, operates at a low driving voltage of 1.637 V under 2.0 A cm−2, maintaining stable performance for over 800 h with a low degradation rate (19.4 µV h−1). This work provides insights into the performance of metal oxide catalysts in acidic environments and offers forward‐looking strategies for enhancing the catalytic performance through dynamic redox induced capacitive behavior.
High‐Entropy Metal Interstitials Activate TiO2 for Robust Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Cheng , Wu Geng , Han Xiao , Wang Yang , Wu Bei , Wang Gongming , Mu Yang , Hong Xun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSubstitution metal doping strategies are crucial for developing catalysts capable of activating O2, but the leaching of metal dopants has greatly hindered their potential for extensive oxidation reactions under mild conditions. Here, the study develops an entropy‐increase strategy to synthesize high‐entropy metal (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Co) interstitial functionalized anatase TiO2 (HE‐TiO2) nanosheets, demonstrating remarkable degradation efficiency across a wide pH range and exceptional stability in a flow‐by electro‐catalytic reactor. Relative to that of pristine TiO2, the intense lattice distortion on the (001) plane, an average lattice expansion of 2% on the (100) plane, and decrease of second shell peak of X‐ray absorption spectra serve as compelling evidence for the formation of metal interstitials in HE‐TiO2. Theoretical analysis and in situ synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared studies reveal that the electron of metal interstitials can populate the subgap states within the host TiO2, enabling a moderate adsorption band for robust and efficient O2 activation. This study introduces a universal strategy for synthesizing a novel class of high‐entropy materials with integrated metal interstitials in metal oxides, promising to enhance the stability and efficiency of O2 activation catalysts and broaden their potential applications.
Topological Insulator Heterojunction with Electric Dipole Domain to Boost Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Hedong , Qiu Yecheng , Cai Zhiyuan , Liang Wenhao , Liu Lin , Li Manman , Hou Xianhua , Chen Fuming , Zhou Xunzhu , Cheng Tengfei , He Liqing , Wang Jiazhao , Zhang Xiao , Dou Shixue , Li Lin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe heterojunction materials are considered as promising electrocatalyst candidates that empower advanced lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. However, the detailed functional mechanism of heterojunction materials to boost the sulfur redox reaction kinetics remains unclear. Herein, we construct a multifunctional potential well‐type Bi2Te3/TiO2 topological insulator (TI) heterojunction with electric dipole domain to elucidate the synergistic mechanism, which facilitates rapid mass transport, strengthens polysulfide capture ability and accelerates polysulfide conversion. Therefore, the Li−S battery with Bi2Te3/TiO2 TI heterojunction modified separator achieves high utilization of sulfur cathode, delivering a high reversible specific capacity of 1375 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and long cycling capability with a negligible capacity decay of 0.022 % per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C. Even with the high sulfur loading of 13.2 mg cm−2 and low E/S ratio of 3.8 μL mg−1, a high area capacity of 11.2 mAh cm−2 and acceptable cycling stability can be obtained. This work provides guidance for designing high‐efficiency TI heterojunctions to promote the practical application of Li−S batteries.
Initiator‐Free Thiol‐Aldehyde Photo Polycondensation
Authors: Tian Wangmao , Wang Jie , Jin Yu , Cheng Yaming , Yan Kangle , Hu Chengcheng , Chen Cheng , Wang Baoxia , Wang Zhongkai , Yuan Liang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTraditional photopolymerizations generally require an initiator for initiating the polymerization while few cases have created degradable chemical bonds. Moreover, the migration instability and cytotoxicity of photo initiators are posing issues to human health and the environment. In this work, we discovered an initiator‐free photo polycondensation system (IFPPC) between polymercaptans and aldehyde monomers, producing elastic and high strength plastic materials with exchangeable and degradable dithioacetal groups. IFPPC proceeds through a radical mechanism and is applicable in producing linear polymers and crosslinked networks. Nano‐composites can also be obtained via an organic solvent‐free Pickering emulsion polymerization using cellulose nanofibers as the stabilizer. The dithioacetal groups afford excellent stability under hydrolytic conditions and repeated thermal processing of cross‐linked polymers, while their cleavage in aqueous solution of salts (silver nitrate, zinc iodide, copper bromide, etc.) results in fast degradation for recovering the aldehyde monomer. This is a successful demonstration of producing recyclable and degradable plastics through photo irradiation while avoiding the problematic issues of photo initiators.
New Route to Cycloplatinated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes via Iodide Assisted C‐H Activation and Proton Transfer
Authors: Jia Wei‐Guo , Xie Xiao‐Die , Wang Kun , Yin Di , Zhong Rui , Lee Richmond 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA convenient strategy to access cyclometalated platinum (II) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes is reported herein, synthesized by treating a Pt (NHC)I2Py precursor with Schiff‐base (N^O) ligands in the presence of K2CO3 base under mild reaction conditions. These cyclometalated Pt(II) NHC complexes were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopies, and the solid‐state molecular structures of complexes 1, 2b, and 3b were unambiguously determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. To form these complexes, C‐H bond activation and C‐N cleavage and cycloplatination had to occur. In a bid to understand this transformation, density functional theory was carried out to rationalize the cycloplatination mechanism unveiling an intriguing anion assisted C‐H activation and proton transfer process.
N‐Alkyl Chain Induced Molecular Aggregation in Mononuclear Gold(I)‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for Blue Light Emitting Applications
Authors: Muduli Gopendra , Vaddamanu Moulali , Sathyanarayana Arruri , Siddhant Kumar , Rawat Arushi , Hisano Kyohei , Tsutsumi Osamu , Prabusankar Ganesan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe gold(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) molecule exhibits outstanding luminescent properties along with high thermal stability due to its strong carbene gold bond. Gold(I)‐NHC complexes are known to emit green to yellow color, while blue emission is limited. Herewith, we report the photoluminescence and thermal stability correlation between blue emitting mononuclear gold(I)‐NHC chloride complexes, N‐(9‐anthracenyl)‐N’(n‐alkyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene gold(I) chloride (alkyl=n‐butyl (1), n‐pentyl (2), n‐hexyl (3)). These complexes were synthesized by transmetallation route and characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, TGA, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The solid‐state study reveals a unique molecular packing due to hydrogen bonding, aurophilic interaction, and CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions in all 1–3. In addition, the π⋅⋅⋅π stacking has been found in 1. All these complexes show good thermal stability due to the strong metal‐ligand bond strength along with crystal packing. In addition, 1–3 emits a blue colour in both solution and crystalline state. The quantum yield in the crystalline state was found to be higher for 1 (22.44 %) compared to 2 (9.90 %), and 3 (14.98 %). A similar high quantum yield for blue‐emitting gold(I)‐NHC chloride complex is rare. This promising quantum yield for 1 can be ascribed to the crystal packing effect. The theoretical calculations were carried out to understand the electronic and structural properties of 1–3. Computational studies revealed the origin of the luminescence behaviour of complexes. The blue light emitting thin film and LED are demonstrated using 1 exhibited the emission peak at the blue region with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates near the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) value.
Unravelling the Role of Sterically Encumbered Ligands in Tuning the Magnetic Properties of Lanthanide‐Based D5h Single‐Ion Magnets
Authors: Ghatak Aheli , Bhatt Gargi , Rana Rajanikanta , Gupta Sandeep K. , Meyer Franc , Rajaraman Gopalan , Murugavel Ramaswamy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIsostructural Dy(III) and Er(III) complexes [L12Ln(H2O)5][I]3 ⋅ L12 ⋅ (CH2Cl2) (Ln=Dy (1), Er (3)) and [L22Ln(H2O)5][I]3 ⋅ L22 ⋅ (CH2Cl2)2 (Ln=Dy (2), Er (4)), with distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry (D5h) around the central metal were synthesized by utilizing two bulky phosphonamide ligands, adamantyl phosphonamide, (Ad)P(O)(NHiPr)2 (L1) and carbazolyl phosphoramide (Cz)P(O)(NHiPr)2 (L2). The resultant complexes were investigated for their magnetic properties in order to elucidate the impact of modification of the coordinating P−O bond environment either by increasing steric bulk and/or introduction of a third P−N bond at the central phosphorus atom. Magnetic studies revealed substantial energy barriers (Ueff) of 640 K and 491 K for Dy compounds 1 and 2, respectively, rendering them as some of the best‐performing air‐stable SIMs amongst the class of SIMs with D5h symmetry. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit magnetization blocking (TB) at 6.5 K and 6 K, respectively, at a sweep rate of 20 Oe/s. Compound 1 benefits from increased lattice intermetallic distances due to bulky adamantyl substituent, but exhibits a significant deviation from linear axial (P)O−Dy−O(P) geometry (173.7(1)°). In addition to the deviation from linearity, the incorporation of a bulky adamantane (or carbazole) ligand in complex 1 (or 2) was found to result in relatively strong Dy…H−C agostic interactions, with distances of 3.698 Å (3.376 Å). These interactions are expected to induce transverse anisotropy. Ab initio CASSCF/RASSI‐SO/SINGLE_ANISO calculations offer valuable insights into the dynamics of magnetic relaxation and the impact of axial bulkiness on the anisotropy of D5h systems. Beyond highlighting the crucial role of crystal field and symmetry in achieving high‐temperature SIMs, this study also explores how the secondary coordination sphere can be engineered to create novel SIMs.
Prostate Cancer Patients' Perceptions Regarding the Relevance of a Digital Rectal Examination During Their Follow‐Up After Radiation Therapy
Authors: Klein Clément , Bosc Ninon , Marty Sylvie , Calen Laura , Debard Candice , Robert Grégoire , Haaser Thibaud 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundProstate cancer is an example of the undervaluation of clinical examinations in care of patients. After external radiotherapy, cancer recurrence is primarily determined biologically by measuring prostate‐specific antigen concentration. Consequently, there is no systematic requirement for the digital rectal examination (DRE). Nevertheless, research has shown that patients attach both practical and symbolic significance to being examined by their physicians. This study aimed to assess how patients perceive DRE omission after prostate cancer radiation therapy.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a survey of 107 men in remission after radiotherapy for prostate cancer in the Radiotherapy Oncology Department of Bordeaux University Hospital, France. The aim of the survey was to assess the significance that patients place on undergoing a DRE as part of their follow‐up care, both from a practical perspective (medical relevance) and a symbolic perspective (influence on the perception of the treating radiation oncologist).ResultsDespite receiving information on the lack of relevance of DRE during follow‐up, 40 of the 100 respondents still perceived a practical benefit of undergoing DRE (pragmatic dimension). On a symbolic level, many patients associated the performance of DRE by their radiotherapy oncologist with impressions of competence, concern for their health and concern for them personally (61%, 63% and 64%, respectively). Although the correlations between the pragmatic and symbolic dimensions were significant, more than one‐third of patients who understood the lack of clinical relevance of DRE still attributed symbolic value to it.ConclusionsA positive perception of DRE persists among patients, mainly at the symbolic level, including a proportion of patients who understand the low clinical utility of DRE. Importantly, the persistence of these perceptions regarding DRE should not be misconstrued as justification for performing pelvic examinations without clear clinical reasons.
Tandem Versus Single Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for High‐Risk Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Agents: A Real‐World Study of China
Authors: Dou Xuelin , Ren Juan , Li Jiangtao , Liu Xiaodan , Bao Li , Chen Yuan , Zhao Peng , Zhong Yuping , Peng Nan , Wen Lei , Cao Leqing , Liu Yang , Deng Daoxing , Wang Fengrong , Wang Liru , Liu Hui , Huang Xiaojun , Mo Xiaodong , Lu Jin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study compares the efficacy and safety of single autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) versus tandem ASCT for multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the era of novel agents.MethodsA total of 112 high‐risk MM patients were included (single ASCT, (n = 57) or tandem ASCT(n = 55) in this retrospective multicenter study. Responses and outcomes were evaluated.ResultsAt 100 days after ASCT1 and ASCT2, 36 (63.2%) versus 45 (81.8%) patients achieved sCR/CR, 16 (28.1%) versus 7 (12.7%) patients achieved VGPR, and 5 (8.8%) versus 1 (1.8%) patient achieved PR, respectively, in the single and tandem ASCT cohorts. The 3‐year cumulative incidence of non‐relapse mortality and disease progression was 0% versus 7.3% (p = 0.083), and 45.8% versus 25.8% (p = 0.039), respectively, for the single and tandem ASCT cohort. The tandem ASCT cohort showed a trend of better 3‐year probability of PFS (58.1% vs. 64.7%, p = 0.064) compared with the single ASCT cohort. In multivariate analysis, ultra high‐risk and achieving<VGPR response after ASCT1 were associated with an inferior PFS. Ultra high‐risk was also associated with an inferior OS.ConclusionsTandem ASCT demonstrated improved outcomes compared to single ASCT in high‐risk MM patients receiving triplet or quadruplet induction and maintenance therapy. However, patients with ultra high‐risk cytogenetics may require innovative therapeutic approaches, as tendem ASCT does not overcome their adverse prognosis.
Anatomic vs. Ischemia‐Driven Strategies for Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization in Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Giacobbe Federico , Valente Eduardo , Giannino Giuseppe , Yip Hiu Ching , De Filippo Ovidio , Bruno Francesco , Conrotto Federico , Iannaccone Mario , Zoccai Giuseppe Biondi , Gasparini Mauro , Escaned Javier , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), the benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) added to optimal medical therapy (OMT) remains unclear. The indication to PCI may be driven either by angiographic evaluation or ischemia assessment, thus depicting different potential strategies which have not yet been thoroughly compared.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OMT versus PCI angio‐guided or versus PCI non‐invasive or invasive ischemia guided were identified and compared via network meta‐analysis. Major adverse clinical events (MACE), as defined by each included trial, were the primary endpoint, while cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), and unplanned revascularization the secondary ones.Results18 studies, encompassing 17,512 patients, were included, with a mean follow‐up of 3.5 years. PCI guided by ischemia defined either invasively or not was associated with a reduced risk of MACE compared with OMT alone. Furthermore, PCI guided by non‐invasive assessment of ischemia was associated with a reduced risk of MI compared with OMT (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.94). This strategy ranked best also in preventing CV death. Notably, iFR and FFR guided approaches showed the highest probability of performing best for reduction of subsequent revascularizations.ConclusionIn patients with CCS, ischemia‐guided PCI, either by invasive or non‐invasive assessment, resulted in a reduced risk of MACE compared with OMT alone. The use of invasive or non‐invasive tests influenced the benefit of ischemia‐driven PCI: non‐invasive tests significantly reduced risk of MI compared with OMT, while iFR or FFR showed the highest probability of reducing the need of subsequent revascularization.