bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies of hydrogen-absorbing properties of intermetallic compound LaNi4.4Fe0.3Al0. 3 for hydrogen purification
Authors: Blinov D V , Bezdudny A.A. , Dunikov D O , Kazakov A N , Kuleshov V N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen/methane mixtures draw attention due to the idea of the injection of hydrogen into natural gas networks and biological production of biohythane by one- and two-step anaerobic fermentation/digestion methods. It is hard to extract hydrogen from dilute mixtures with methane by traditional separation processes, since hydrogen is the minor component with low partial pressure. Metal hydrides selectively absorb hydrogen and offer an opportunity to overcome the limitations of traditional separation methods. Intermetallic alloy of lowered pressure LaNi4.4Fe0.3Al0.3 was made (obtained) to use it in the extraction of hydrogen out of a mixture of gases. Hydrogen absorption properties of alloy were investigated. PCT isotherms between 313K and 353K, porosity, average particle size, specific surface area and permeability of metal hydride bed were measured, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM investigation of bed structure were implemented. Experimental study of processes during the extraction of hydrogen out of binary mixture H2-CH4 (10% vol.-90% vol.) were carried out by means of continuous-flow metal hydride reactor RSP-8, filled with 1 kg of LaNi4.4Fe0.3Al0.3. Recover ratio with the mixture pressure of 1.0 MPa stood at 70%.
Interaction of Uranium-Zirconium Carbonitride Fuel Composition with Refractory Structural Materials
Authors: Zaytsev D A , Bakhin A N , Bespechalov B N , Vishnevsky V Yu , Kiselev D S , Kolesnikov E G , Kotov A Yu , Kochnov V Yu , Repnikov V M , Serikov V S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper uses the results of material science studies whose purpose was to investigate contact compatibility of uranium-zirconium carbonitride-based fuel pellets with the chosen refractory structural materials under the conditions of high-temperature pre-irradiation tests. Monocrystalline W-3Ta spacers with [110], [123], [112] orientations and polycrystalline W and Mo spacers served as contact pairs for the fuel pellets. The fuel and structural materials underwent annealing at various temperatures significantly exceeding 1200 °C. Duration of experiments for contact pairs with monocrystalline spacers was 80 and 300 hours, for polycrys-talline materials the exposure was 50, 100 and 150 hours. High stability of microstructure and chemistry of the U,Zr(C,N)-based composition was observed throughout the entire temperature-time diapason of the tests. No formation of intermediate phases capable of impairing air-tightness and operability of the cladding materials have been found in the interface zone. As a result of the studies performed, it has been found that orientation of W-3Ta monocrystals has no impact on the diffusion rate. Depth of uranium atoms penetration into monocrystalline samples didn’t exceed 15μm in the entire temperature-time diapason. For polycrystalline materials this value was 40 and 350 for W and Mo respectively.
Preparation for reactor tests of uranium-zirconium carbonitride fuel
Authors: Bakhin A N , Bazyuk S S , Vishnevsky V Yu , Repnikov V M , Kotov A Yu , Kiselev D S , Zaitsev D A , Bespechalov B N , Titkova E M , Stoykov K V , Garmay Yu V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Uranium-zirconium carbonitride based fuel (CNF) is a consequential modification of UN retaining almost all the advantages of UN. This fuel boasts rather high uranium content and high heat conductivity. Uranium-zirconium carbonitride fuel is safer due to its higher tolerance (inertia) to accident processes development. Thanks to its properties, the CNF is an attractive candidate material for using in reactors of various types. The main drawback of UZr(CN) is insufficient amount of data regarding its performance and behavior under irradiation, especially at high burn-ups. To address this problem, preparations are currently underway to perform a reactor experiment with the goal to study the properties of the CNF after reaching ≈ 7% burn-up. The parameters of the reactor experiment are as follows: cladding temperature not exceeding 800 K, power density not exceeding 750 W/cm3. For the purposes of reactor testing of the CNF pellets at high burn-up, an experimental capsule installed into the irradiating device has been developed. To verify the choice of designs of both the experimental capsule and the irradiating device thermophysical calculations were made and a programme of pre-irradiation experiments was completed. This paper elaborates on the results of the calculations demonstrating that the reactor tests fit the set goals and objectives.
Application of the object-oriented approach to intelligent DCS data flow optimization
Authors: Arakelian E K , Evseev K V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is on the thermal power plant intelligent DCS data flows optimization for increase of control performance and technical and economic efficiency. The proposed object-oriented approach for control system data flow interpretation allows building a hierarchical directed structure to trace value transformations through measuring and informational channels. The problem of parameter influence evaluation on the technical and economic efficiency estimation using the described approach is set.
Spectral analysis of gas-dynamic processes in the exhaust system of piston engine (82/71)
Authors: Plotnikov L V , Zhilkin B P , Osipov L E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Batch machines are actively used in industry and energy. Internal combustion engines are a prime example of such machines. A feature of the operation of engines is that a certain amount of the working fluid is supplied to the working chamber, and upon completion of the process, the combustion products are removed from the chamber. Therefore, the aeromechanics of pulsating gas flows in the exhaust system significantly determines the efficiency of the engine. A distinctive feature of the processes in the exhaust system is their high dynamics (high-frequency pulsations due to the operation of valves with external disturbance from the turbine blades of the turbocharger). The article describes laboratory equipment (piston engine model), measuring system (main sensors and determined physical quantities) and data processing methods (spectral analysis). The boundary conditions during experimental studies are described. The aeromechanical characteristics of non-stationary flows in the exhaust system of the engine with and without a turbocharger are compared. Qualitative and quantitative differences in aeromechanics and thermophysics of processes in exhaust systems of various configurations are shown. A method for aeromechanical improvement of the exhaust system by creating an ejection effect is proposed. It was found that the ejection effect in the exhaust system of the engine leads to stabilization of the flow, an increase in air consumption by 6-12% and an improvement in reliability indicators by 1.11-1.74%.
Reducing power consumption of local exhaust ventilation systems
Authors: Logachev K I , Ziganshin A M , Averkova O A , Gol’tsov A B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Local exhaust ventilation systems have become the most popular choice for capturing and containing releases of gas-borne dust contaminants in various fields of human activities. Energy conservation techniques have to be developed for these systems while ensuring that their contaminant capture efficiency is not compromised. This study summarizes our developments in the field of energy-saving techniques relying on the properties of detached, twisted and recycled flows of dust-laden air.
The first operation results of the gas turbine unit M701F4 as a part of CCP-410 of the Krasnodar TPP after major overhaul
Authors: Shaposhnikov V V , Batko D N , Mihalko Ya O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article contains the reconstruction results of the M701F4 gas turbine unit of the Krasnodar TPP, where it has been in operation since 2011. In May 2019, it was overhauled with the replacement of the gas turbine working blades. In the first two rows, the blades of a new design were used. This allowed reducing the air flow for cooling and forcing the combustion chamber. For research we obtained archival indicators of a standard automation system. They were selected for the periods of operation, which lasted from June 2018 until the moment of major repairs (May 2019) and from June 2019 to January 2020. Data processing was carried out in accordance with State Standard R 55798-2013 (ISO 2314: 2009). The study showed that the reconstruction led to an increase in maximum capacity in the entire range of outdoor temperatures. Under normal conditions and standard air temperature at the compressor inlet equal to +15 °C, there is an increase by 14.4 MW or by 4.6%. The temperature of the combustion products also increased, the increase was about 15 °C in the range of outdoor temperatures from +5.6 to + 20.0 °C. The change in the consumption of combustion products is insignificant. We also estimated an increase in the efficiency of electricity generation. It is at the level of 0.5%.
Investigation of the regulatory range expansion at Krasnodar combined heat and power plant due to the partial displacement of regenerative extractions of the K-150-130 unit by steam from the backpressure turbine
Authors: Shaposhnikov V V , Mihalko Ya O , Batko D N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article describes a new way to increase the technical maximum load of Krasnodar CHPP. It involves the joint operation of block part turbo generators and additionally installed backpressure turbine with the displacement of steam extraction to high pressure regenerative heaters. We provided a detailed overview of the power plant equipment. We calculated the effectiveness of joint operation and shutdown of the high pressure feed water heater (HPFH) 1, 2. It showed that when implementing the proposed technical solution, the power increase in the technical maximum mode for each unit amounted to 7.8 MW. The total increase in the power plant is 43.6 MW. The joint operation scheme allows to increase the technical maximum of the power plant with higher energy efficiency: the specific consumption of reference fuel for electricity generation is 4 g r.f./kW*h, lower than when the HPFH 1, 2 is turned off. The economic effect of the applied solution was estimated for Krasnodar CHPP conditions. It was shown that the annual increase in net profit amounted to 33.7 million rubles, and the payback period of investments is 4.7 years.
Assessment of the possibility of developing isokinetic devices for water and steam sampling in chemical control systems of TPP and NPP
Authors: Yegoshina O V , Zvonareva S K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The proposed work is intended for operational staff and employees of project organizations. The possibility of modernization of sampling devices for superheated steam sampling in automatic chemical control systems at thermal and nuclear power plants is considered. The results of calculating the flow rate and the inlet diameter of the superheated steam sampling device are presented. A nomogram has been developed to determine the required diameter of the inlet of the sampling device. Two cases were modeled of sampling in the software package Ansys, confirming the need to modernize the design of standard devices for steam sampling.
Application of the signal speed change limiting method for increasing the indications credibility on the example of hydraulic shock absorber monitoring system
Authors: Kolchev K , Shilov A , Chernaev A , Galiev I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to the problem of unreliable indications in a system with sensors operating in harsh environmental conditions. To increase the indications credibility, an algorithm based on the signal speed change limiting method is proposed when calculating the average speed value using the simple moving average formula. The result of the algorithm obtained by modeling the algorithm in a software environment on a sample of linear displacement sensor indications obtained from the hydraulic shock absorbers monitoring system of the current NPP power unit is also presented.
Evaluating the Effect from Shifting a Small-Scale Cogeneration Power Facility to Operate as a Trigeneration Plant
Authors: Klimenko A V , Agababov V S , Petin S N , Koryagin A V , Korshikova A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article considers the power supply system of a really existing social facility located in the central part of Russia, which comprises an ice palace, a swimming pool, a hotel and office complex, and a business center. At present, the facility receives power according to a cogeneration arrangement: it takes electricity and heat from a power park a centralized manner. Refrigeration and air conditioning demands are met by using vapor compression heat transformers installed in the social facility rooms. A trigeneration power supply arrangement is proposed, which involves combined generation of electricity, heat, and cold with supplying them to the social facility rooms in a centralized manner. The thermodynamic advantage of the trigeneration power supply arrangement for the considered social facility is demonstrated.
Study of the energy efficiency of wood pellets and poplar chips
Authors: Lyubov V K , Popov A N , Popova E I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Poplar is the most common type of fast-growing tree species of great economic and industrial importance. Therefore, determining the effectiveness of its energy use is an important task. A study of the operational efficiency of the Firematic 60 boiler when working on poplar chips, as well as pine wood pellets with a diameter of 6 mm and spruce wood pellets with a diameter of 8 mm was carried out. The elemental composition of burned fuels and residues was studied using an EDX-8000 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and a Euro EA-3000 analyzer. The components of the heat balance and emission of harmful substances were determined. The emissions of particulate matter and the content of soot particles were studied. The shape and composition of soot particles were determined using a Zeiss SIGMA VP electronic scanning microscope. An energy examination showed that the boiler provides high technical and economic indicators and minimal emissions of harmful substances into the environment when burning wood pellets and poplar chips.
Solid fuel combustion processes modelling in the furnace in terms of the boiler K-50-14-250
Authors: Prokhorov V B , Fomenko M V , Fomenko N E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the numerical simulation results of furnace of the boiler K-50-14-250 for three operation modes with computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS Fluent. The boiler is located at industrial heating boiler house in Tashtagol town. The selection of models for the boiler furnace operation simulation is given. A study of simulation results independence on the mesh size was conducted, based on which a computational mesh was selected for further research. The numerical simulation results of three modes furnace operation were compared with the results of the field tests (flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet, combustible losses, heat absorption of the furnace heating surfaces, the nitrogen oxides concentration in the exhaust gases at excess air ratio α = 1.4). Besides, a slagging process numerical simulation of the furnace waterwalls performed. The numerical simulation results of the near nominal load furnace operation are compared with the results of physical isothermal modelling by matching the streamlines from the burners and air nozzles of the boiler. The paper summary is the verification of numerical models of the solid fuel combustion in the furnace, in terms of the boiler K-50-14-250.
Analysis of the results of thermophysical experiments with multi-rod bundles. Elaboration of the SCP thermalhydraulic test facility design
Authors: Zubkov A G , Zorin V M , Anikeev A V , Silin V A , Semchenkov Ju M , Oleksyuk D A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present report is devoted to the analysis of the thermophysical properties of supercritical water in the cores of supercritical water-cooled reactors (SCWR) and results of the experiments with multi-rod bundles cooled with supercritical fluid (mainly – water) flows carried out in different countries. The most important results and specific heat transfer regimes observed in the experiments were summarized. On the basis of the experimental data analysis the design of a thermophysical test facility for full-scale experiments for the determination of the heat and mass exchange regimes and supercritical water hydraulic parameters in multi-rod bundles was elaborated. The need for the experimental data for the proper description of the said processes was stated, and the importance of obtaining them was underlined. The list of the controlled parameters and experiments was created.
On the matter of the development of automatic chemical control system for thermal power plants using modern hardware and software
Authors: Dolbikova N S , Merzlikina E I , Nikitina N S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article considers development of modern chemical monitoring systems using modern hardware and software. Application of these means gives a lot of possibilities for improving reliability of the chemical monitoring systems, main power plant equipment and water chemistry maintenance. An information system is described, the system contains a decision support module, that allows to identify faulty chemical measuring instruments, inform the plant staff about the scheduled maintenance operations and identify the reason of a water chemistry upset. A model of such a system is developed using Tehnopribor and Owen hardware and CODESYS 2 and Trace Mode 6 software.
Influence of wood additives on pyrolysis products composition of mixed fuels based on 3B grade lignite
Authors: Kuznetsov G V , Tolokolnikov A A , Cherednik I V , Yankovsky S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Experimental analysis of the influence of wood biomass on the composition of pyrolysis products of mixtures based on crushed coal (“Lignite” (3B)) and fine wood (lumber sawing waste) has been performed. Ash residue composition of the main components of fuels and mixtures based on them has been determined experimentally using X-Supreme 8000 element analysis device. Fuel mixture samples were used with a percentage of coal / wood – 100 % / 0 %, 90 % / 10 %, 75 % / 25 %, 50 % / 50 by weight. The experiments have been performed in an inert gas (Argon) environment at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C. It has been established that during pyrolysis of two-component fuels based on 3B grade coal and dispersed wood biomass, there is growth of calcium and aluminum sulfates in the solid products of thermal decomposition of such mixtures (ash) due to a complex of reactions between pyrolysis products of coals and wood when the concentration of the wood component in the mixture changes from 10% to 50 %. Results of experimental studies allow substantiating previously formulated hypothesis about the mechanism of sequestering of sulfur oxides formed during coal pyrolysis as a result of interaction with gaseous products of thermal decomposition of wood and solid products of coal pyrolysis.
Problems and prospects of creating an environmentally friendly WtE plant
Authors: Dudolin A A , Efremov A N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main stages in choosing the optimal technology for thermal treatment of MSW (municipal solid wastes) at the stage of feasibility study are discussed. The analysis of the influence of the fuel component on the structure of the WTE plant is carried out. Recommendations have been developed for choosing the optimal energy structure of a WTE plant, ash and slag management schemes, and thermal utilization technologies that are most suitable for the location of the facility. A study was conducted on the influence of the selected structure of the energy complex on the decision to choose a gas treatment system. A comparison of criteria for choosing the structure of the energy complex at the MSW in comparison with the energy thermal power plant (TPP) is made.
Due to the economic and environmental problems that appear during the construction of WTE plants, when it comes to waste scheme for cities and regions, it is recommended to use a scheme with the maximum use of secondary raw materials from waste and thermal treatment only of residues that are not subject to recycling, from which the fractions containing the largest amount of pollutants (RDF fuel) are extracted. The technology using deep recovery of secondary raw materials will simplify the structure of WTE plant, reduce capital and operating costs, and most importantly reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere with flue gases, ash and slag.
Efficient operation and reliability issues in operation of mini-CHP
Authors: Polei A K , Shtym K A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents practical data on the operation of cogeneration mini-CHP plants in the energy sector of the Far East using imported low-power GTU as the main generating equipment. This type of power station is an example of decentralized distributed energy that has become widespread in Western Europe, and is first introduced in the energy sector of the Far East. Mini-thermal power plants based on GTU with the use of cogeneration have a great economic potential for application in the energy sector of the Far East, taking into account the positive and negative sides indicated in this article.
High efficiency steam-gas mixture condenser
Authors: Milman O O , Yankov G G , Krylov V S , Ptahin A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The process of development of steam condenser for steam-gas mixture has been described. The construction is based on idea to maintain a constant steam-gas mixture speed along the steam condensation channel. The shape of the channel with constant speed is described. To research the heat-mass transfer of gas- steam mixture the test plant with tubes dissected by thermocouples, have been realized. In the process of testing there where changes of gas- steam mixture speed, pressure and air concentration from 0% to 18%. The experimental results have been summarized by dimensionless equation. The pressure drop and increase of air concentration also contributes to the decrease in a saturation temperature. So there Is optimal speed when the surface area of channel in condenser will be minimal. The optimal speed value is about 30 – 50 m/s. The research results are implemented in the experimental model of high-efficiency condenser. The heat transfer coefficient in this model is equal about 4500 – 2700 W/(m2K), if the air concentration at inlet is 0–8 %. The design of high-efficiency condenser for gas-steam turbine plant 25 MW capacity and condenser with vertical tubes have been presented.
The effect of mixtures of neutralizing amines on the dynamic exchange capacity of strong acid cationite KU-2-8
Authors: Moryganova Y A , Orlov K A , Motyzko T E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The dependence of the ion exchange capacity of strong acid cationite KU-2-8 on the concentration and structure of low-molecular organic compounds containing an amino group has been experimentally established. The mutual influence of neutralizing amines that are part of complex reagents that reduce the value of the exchange capacity of cations during operation of thermal power plant was revealed.