bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐objective approach for the optimal design of a standalone hybrid renewable energy system
Authors: Patibandla Anilkumar , Kollu Ravindra , Rayapudi Srinivasa Rao , Manyala Ramalinga Raju 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDependency on alternative energy sources has increased due to the depletion of fossil fuel and their costs. Even though the usage of renewable energy sources (RESs) has significantly reduced these problems, there are quite a few challenges like reliability, lower efficiency, and high cost which can be overcome by the integration of multiple RES to meet the energy demand. In this study, a multi‐objective approach is proposed to get the best optimal sizing configuration of a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) by choosing the minimization of the total cost of the system and loss of power supply probability. In this regard, wind turbines, solar photovoltaic (PV), battery storage systems, biomass, and diesel generators are used to design HRES. The proposed approach deals with the intermittent nature of wind and solar PV power generation using Weibull distribution to model wind speed and solar irradiance. The normal distribution is used to model the load demand. The backtracking search algorithm capable of solving single‐objective optimization problems is modified to handle the multi‐objective optimization problem and to find the optimal sizes of wind turbines, solar PV, battery storage system, diesel, and biomass generators for efficient HRES performance.
Applying a Hybrid Modeling Approach to Evaluate Potential Pesticide Effects and Mitigation Effectiveness for an Endangered Fish in Simulated Oxbow Habitats
Authors: Schmolke Amelie , Bartell Steven M. , Roy Colleen , Desmarteau Dean , Moore Angela , Cox Megan J. , Maples-Reynolds Nikki L. , Galic Nika , Brain Richard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of some species listed under the United States' Endangered Species Act in agricultural landscapes suggests that their habitats could potentially be exposed to pesticides. However, the potential effects from such exposures on populations are difficult to estimate. Mechanistic models can provide an avenue to estimating the potential impacts on populations, considering realistic assumptions about the ecology of the species, the ecosystem it is part of, and the potential exposures within the habitat. In the present study, we applied a hybrid model of the Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka), a small endangered cyprinid fish endemic to the US Midwest, to assess the potential population-level effects of realistic exposures to a fungicide (benzovindiflupyr). The Topeka shiner populations were simulated in the context of the food web found in oxbow habitats that are the focus of ongoing habitat restoration efforts for the species. We applied realistic, time-variable exposure scenarios and represented lethal and sublethal effects to individual Topeka shiners using toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic models. With fish in general showing the highest sensitivity to the compound, direct effects on simulated Topeka shiner populations governed the population-level effects. We characterized the population-level effects of different exposure scenarios with exposure multiplication factors (EMFs) applied. The introduction of a vegetative filter strip (VFS; 15 ft; 4.6 m) between the treated area and the oxbow habitat was shown to be effective as mitigation because EMFs were 2 to 3 times higher than for the exposure scenario without VFS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2615–2628. © 2021 SETAC
Donor Hepatic Occult Collagen Deposition Predisposes to Peritransplant Stress and Impacts Human Liver Transplantation
Authors: Hirao Hirofumi , Ito Takahiro , Kadono Kentaro , Kojima Hidenobu , Naini Bita V. , Nakamura Kojiro , Kageyama Shoichi , Busuttil Ronald W. , Kupiec‐Weglinski Jerzy W. , Kaldas Fady M. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Environmentally triggered chronic liver inflammation can cause collagen deposits, whereas early stages of fibrosis without any specific symptoms could hardly be detectable. We hypothesized that some of the human donor grafts in clinical liver transplantation (LT) might possess unrecognizable fibrosis, affecting their susceptibility to LT‐induced stress and hepatocellular damage. This retrospective study aimed to assess the impact of occult hepatic fibrosis on clinical LT outcomes.

Approach and Results
Human (194) donor liver biopsies were stained for collagen with Sirius red, and positive areas (Sirius red–positive area; SRA) were measured. The body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, diabetes score was calculated using 962 cases of the donor data at the procurement. LT outcomes, including ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and survival rates, were analyzed according to SRA and BARD scores. With the median SRA in 194 grafts of 9.4%, grafts were classified into low‐SRA (<15%; n = 140) and high‐SRA (≥15%; n = 54) groups. Grafts with high SRA suffered from higher rates of IRI and EAD (P < 0.05) as compared to those with low SRA. Interestingly, high SRA was identified as an independent risk factor for EAD and positively correlated with the donor BARD score. When comparing low‐BARD (n = 692) with high‐BARD (n = 270) grafts in the same period, those with high BARD showed significantly higher post‐LT transaminase levels and higher rates of IRI and EAD.

Conclusions
These findings from the largest clinical study cohort to date document the essential role of occult collagen deposition in donor livers on LT outcomes. High‐SRA and donor BARD scores correlated with an increased incidence of hepatic IRI and EAD in LT recipients. This study provides the rationale for in‐depth and prospective assessment of occult fibrosis for refined personalized LT management.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective [3+3]‐Cycloaddition of β‐Aryl/Alkyl Vinyl Diazoacetates with Nitrones
Authors: Zheng Haifeng , Faghihi Isa , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstractβ‐Aryl/alkyl vinyl diazoacetates were investigated in metallo‐vinylcarbene reactions with nitrones, revealing a Rh2(OAc)4‐catalyzed cyclopropene dimerization reaction and a copper(I) catalyzed [3+3]‐cycloaddition of nitrones. The chiral cyclopropyl‐In‐SaBox ligand with copper(I) catalysis could realize the asymmetric version of the cycloaddition reaction, delivering various 3,6‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxazine derivatives in good yield and with excellent enantioselectivity under mild conditions.
It doesn’t hurt to TRY – Experiences of youths participating in a TRYathlon event series
Authors: Caperchione Cristina M. , Stolp Sean , Fransen Job , English Madeleine , Wallace Lee , Harris David , Ashton John F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIssue addressedRunning since 1999, the Sanitarium Weet‐Bix Kids TRYathlon (SWKT) is the world's largest triathlon series for children and adolescents up to 16 years. This report seeks to describe participants of the TRYathlon and their perceptions of the event.MethodsAn online survey was made available to Australian parents/guardians of participants enrolled in the 2020 SWKT. Organisational data was also employed to describe the reach of the SWKT since its inception.ResultsParents/guardians (n = 568) reported that the average child age was 9.12 (SD = 1.95, range = 6‐16) and 58.6% were male. Parents/guardians identified 12 children as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (2.0%) and 87 (14.6%) spoke a language other than English. The majority of parents/guardians rated their child's physical activity (PA) competencies as pretty good, or really good, for cycling (87.5%), swimming (80.9%) and running (79.5%). Most parents (66.0%) stated that their child was glowing with pride after completing the event, enjoyed or really enjoyed the event (98.8%), and thought their child would maintain their PA levels following the event (72.9%).ConclusionsThe SWKT series has demonstrated longevity and an ability to reach a large number of participants, providing opportunities to build health promotion awareness. Importantly the event instils a sense of confidence and pride related to PA competency in its participants; however, its long‐term effectiveness requires further exploration.So what?Mass participation events such as SWKT could be incorporated into larger health promotion strategies to encourage childhood PA and foster healthy physical and psychosocial development.
The effect of hypochlorous acid on the tribocorrosion of CoCrMo/Ti‐6Al‐4V bearing couples
Authors: Kubacki Gregory W. , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMechanically assisted corrosion (MAC) of metallic orthopedic alloys is a consequence of the use of modular devices where opposing metal surfaces are tightly mated and loaded at the taper junction. MAC processes are affected by material surface characteristics and local solution chemistry. During inflammation, active immune cells may generate reactive oxygen species (such as hypochlorous acid [HOCl]) adjacent to surfaces undergoing micromotion, which may affect the tribocorrosion behavior of an implanted device. This study investigated the fretting current response of CoCrMo/Ti‐6Al‐4 V couples in a pin‐on‐disk apparatus utilizing HOCl solutions as a proxy for a severe inflammatory environment. Testing in 1 and 5 mM HOCl solutions were shown to generate a threefold and fivefold increase (p < 0.01), respectively, in fretting currents over pH 7.4 phosphate‐buffered saline control conditions. Fretting currents were shown to be dependent on the energy dissipated during fretting and the concentration of HOCl where the currents within a single HOCl concentration were linearly dependent of energy dissipated, but different HOCl levels shifted (increased and then decreased) fretting currents with concentration. Fretting currents, governed by regrowth of an abraded oxide film, were affected by the oxidative power of the solution, which caused positive shifts in open circuit potential and likely resulted in a thicker oxide for 1 mM and 5 mM and fell with 30 mM. Small amounts of HOCl release within a joint may result in increased release of tribocorrosion products such as oxide particles.
Benchmarking the centralized urgent plasma exchange service for patients admitted with a diagnosis of suspected acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura at a large healthcare system
Authors: Seheult Jansen N. , Stram Michelle N. , Sevcik Joan , Kaplan Alesia , Kiss Joseph E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsensus guidelines recommend that therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) should be started within 4 to 8 hours after the diagnosis of suspected acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP). This study aimed to audit the steps from diagnosis to initiation of plasma exchange at a centralized apheresis service.MethodsA retrospective review of the electronic medical record and laboratory information systems from January 1, 2014 to August 31, 2017 was conducted to identify all patients with suspected aTTP undergoing TPE. Demographics, comorbidities, pertinent laboratory tests, and temporal TPE procedural data were collected.ResultsThe median (5th‐95th percentile) time from request to initiation of TPE was 5.4 (3.2‐10.6) hours. TPE was initiated within 8 hours in 94 of the 108 patients (87.0%). The median (5th‐95th percentile) time from request to central venous access was 2.5 (0.5‐6.9) hours and from request to plasma product issuance from the blood bank was 3.4 (1.6‐8.1) hours. aTTP patients in whom TPE was initiated greater than 6 hours from request did not have worse outcomes compared to those with TPE initiation within 6 hours: in‐hospital mortality (2/14 [14.3%] vs 2/21 [9.5%], P = 0.66), median length of stay (9.0 [4.7‐44.1] vs 8.3 [3.9‐27.0] days, P = 0.76), and median number of days to durable platelet count recovery (4.5 [2.0‐9.0] vs 4.0 [2.0‐18.0] days, P = 0.66).ConclusionsThe 4 to 8‐hour target window from TPE request to initiation appears feasible for a centralized apheresis program servicing a large healthcare system.
The relevance of earning‐to‐price and ROE predictability for explaining Shenzhen stock exchange (SZSE), returns in China: A dynamic panel data approach
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Usman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fundamental valuation (FV) perspective has been extended to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) in China by focusing on the role of forecasted earning‐to‐price ratio and return on equity (ROE). Forecasting the variables is being done using a linear dynamic panel data technique. The findings of the two‐step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) analysis indicate that the forecasted E/P ratio and ROE significantly explain a portion of the variation in the SZSE stock return and remain highly statistically significant after risk proxy variables are included. Additionally, it confirms the existence of size, momentum, liquidity, and dividend yield in the SZSE. This supports the usefulness of an FV perspective based on the unique characteristics of the Chinese equity market in explaining stock returns and their potential utility in forecasting future stock returns.
Multi‐shot Diffusion‐Weighted MRI With Multiplexed Sensitivity Encoding (MUSE) in the Assessment of Active Inflammation in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Chang Hing‐Chiu , Chen Guangtao , Chung Hsiao‐Wen , Wu Philip Yuguang , Liang Liyuan , Juan Chun‐Jung , Liu Yi‐Jui , Tse Man‐Lap Donald , Chan Arren , Zhang Sailong , Chiu Keith Wan‐Hang 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSingle‐shot diffusion‐weighted imaging (ssDWI) has been shown useful for detecting active bowel inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD) without MRI contrast. However, ssDWI suffers from geometric distortion and low spatial resolution.PurposeTo compare conventional ssDWI with higher‐resolution ssDWI (HR‐ssDWI) and multi‐shot DWI based on multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE‐DWI) for evaluating bowel inflammation in CD, using contrast‐enhanced MR imaging (CE‐MRI) as the reference standard.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsEighty nine patients with histological diagnosis of CD from previous endoscopy (55 male/34 female, age: 17–69 years).Field Strength/SequencesssDWI (2.7 mm × 2.7 mm), HR‐ssDWI (1.8 mm × 1.8 mm), MUSE‐DWI (1.8 mm × 1.8 mm) based on echo‐planar imaging, T2‐weighted imaging, and CE‐MRI sequences, all at 1.5 T.AssessmentFive raters independently evaluated the tissue texture conspicuity, geometry accuracy, minimization of artifacts, diagnostic confidence, and overall image quality using 5‐point Likert scales. The diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of each DWI sequences was assessed on per‐bowel‐segment basis.Statistical TestsInter‐rater agreement for qualitative evaluation of each parameter was measured by the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were performed to evaluate the statistical significance of differences in qualitative scoring between DWI sequences. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsTissue texture conspicuity, geometric distortions, and overall image quality were significantly better for MUSE‐DWI than for ssDWI and HR‐ssDWI with good agreement among five raters (ICC: 0.70–0.89). HR‐ssDWI showed significantly poorer performance to ssDWI and MUSE‐DWI for all qualitative scores and had the worst diagnostic performance (sensitivity of 57.0% and accuracy of 87.3%, with 36 undiagnosable cases due to severe artifacts). MUSE‐DWI showed significantly higher sensitivity (97.5% vs. 86.1%) and accuracy (98.9% vs. 95.1%) than ssDWI for detecting bowel inflammation.Data ConclusionMUSE‐DWI was advantageous in assessing bowel inflammation in CD, resulting in improved spatial resolution and image quality.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Histopathological Validation of Dark‐Blood Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI Without Additional Magnetization Preparation
Authors: Holtackers Robert J. , Gommers Suzanne , Heckman Luuk I.B. , Van De Heyning Caroline M. , Chiribiri Amedeo , Prinzen Frits W. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundConventional bright‐blood late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often suffers from poor scar‐to‐blood contrast due to the bright blood pool adjacent to the enhanced scar tissue. Recently, a dark‐blood LGE method was developed which increases scar‐to‐blood contrast without using additional magnetization preparation.PurposeWe aim to histopathologically validate this dark‐blood LGE method in a porcine animal model with induced myocardial infarction (MI).Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelThirteen female Yorkshire pigs.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T, two‐dimensional phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery radiofrequency‐spoiled turbo field‐echo.AssessmentMI was experimentally induced by transient coronary artery occlusion. At 1‐week and 7‐week post‐infarction, in‐vivo cardiac MRI was performed including conventional bright‐blood and novel dark‐blood LGE. Following the second MRI examination, the animals were sacrificed, and histopathology was obtained. Matching LGE slices and histopathology samples were selected based on anatomical landmarks. Independent observers, while blinded to other data, manually delineated the endocardial, epicardial, and infarct borders on either LGE images or histopathology samples. The percentage of infarcted left‐ventricular myocardium was calculated for both LGE methods on a per‐slice basis, and compared with histopathology as reference standard. Contrast‐to‐noise ratios were calculated for both LGE methods at 1‐week and 7‐week post‐infarction.Statistical TestsPearson's correlation coefficient and paired‐sample t‐tests were used. Significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsA combined total of 24 matched LGE and histopathology slices were available for histopathological validation. Dark‐blood LGE demonstrated a high level of agreement compared to histopathology with no significant bias (−0.03%, P = 0.75). In contrast, bright‐blood LGE showed a significant bias of −1.57% (P = 0.03) with larger 95% limits of agreement than dark‐blood LGE. Image analysis demonstrated significantly higher scar‐to‐blood contrast for dark‐blood LGE compared to bright‐blood LGE, at both 1‐week and 7‐weeks post‐infarction.Data ConclusionDark‐blood LGE without additional magnetization preparation provides superior visualization and quantification of ischemic scar compared to the current in vivo reference standard.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2
COVID‐19‐associated Guillain‐Barre syndrome: Postinfectious alone or neuroinvasive too?
Authors: Khan Farman , Sharma Praveen , Pandey Saurabh , Sharma Deepak , V. Vijayavarman , Kumar Neeraj , Shukla Suruchi , Dandu Himanshu , Jain Amita , Garg Ravindra K. , Malhotra Hardeep S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been shown to be associated with a lot of neurological complications, of whom Guillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS) is an important post‐infectious consequentiality. More than 220 patients with GBS have been reported thus far. We intend to share our experience with five patients of GBS where one of them had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This is the first‐ever report demonstrating the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the CSF of an adult patient; a similar occurrence has recently been described in a pediatric patient. We wish to emphasize the fact that commonly GBS occurs as a result of a post‐infectious process but in a few cases where the symptoms of COVID‐19 and GBS occur concurrently, corresponding to the viremic phase, separate pathogenesis needs to be thought of. This para‐infectious nature is exemplified by the presence of virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of one of our patients. We review the neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐Cov‐2 in this regard and draw parallels with Cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, and Human Immunodeficiency virus‐associated occurrences of GBS.
Effective selection of the optimal virtual reality (VR) lens interval of VR devices using the test patterns of the different shapes for the left and right eyes
Authors: Kang Hyungoo , Hong Hyungki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelection of the optimal virtual reality (VR) lens interval LI between two convex lenses of a VR device is important for the comfort of viewers. This study examined how the participants selected LI for two types of test patterns. Twenty‐one participants with interpupillary distances (IPDs) of 59–68 mm were selected. When the participants were asked to change the LI to match specific positions of the test pattern in which the shapes for the two eyes were different, the selected values of LI did not depend on the initial lens distances. When they were asked to change LI for their best viewing distances using the test pattern with the same shapes for two eyes, the selected values strongly depended on the initial lens conditions. This dependence can be attributed to the finite range of eye rotation inside which binocular fusion can occur. No noticeable dependence of the selected values on IPD was observed. Excessive eye rotation to enable binocular fusion can cause eye strain. In the former test pattern, binocular fusion does not occur, and each eye is aligned along its fusion‐free eye position with little eye strain. Hence, the former test pattern using the different shapes is preferable for controlling the lens interval.
Reference Intervals of Fetal Cardiac Volume Between 14 and 40 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Thammavong Keooudone , Luewan Suchaya , Tongsong Theera 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo construct the reference intervals for the cardiac volume (CV) of normal fetuses between 14 and 40 weeks of pregnancy.MethodsLow risk singleton pregnancies with normal fetuses were prospectively recruited to acquire 4D‐cardio‐spatiotemporal image correlation volume datasets (VDS). Subsequent off‐line analyses of VDS were anonymously performed to calculate CV using the Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis technique. The reference intervals were established as a function of gestational age (GA), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) based on the best‐fitted models for both mean and standard deviation (SD).ResultsA total of 668 VDS were successfully calculated for CV. The best‐fitted models for the means and SDs are as follow: 1) GA in week = 6.422 + e(−100.653 × GA) (SD = 0.641 − (0.170 × GA) + (0.009 × GA2)). 2) BPD = 0.016 × (BPD)3.589 (SD = 2.663 − (1.410 × BPD) + (0.224 × BPD2)). 3) HC = 0.00017 × (HC)3.537 (SD = 2.341 − (0.341 × HC) + (0.015 × HC2)). The CV progressively increased with advancing fetal age (GA) and size (BPD, HC).ConclusionsThe reference intervals of CV, theoretically best representing cardiac size, in relation to GA, BPD, HC, and EFW were first established and Z‐score was readily calculated. These will be helpful in detection of cardiac abnormalities, especially those associated with cardiomegaly.