bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features contributing to the sit-to-stand transfer in people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Da Cunha Charmaine Pearl , Rao Pratiksha Tilak , Karthikbabu Suruliraj 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this systematic review is to present the existing literature on the clinical motor, and non-motor factors contributing to sit-to-stand transfer in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Data synthesis
Five databases (PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and Ovid) were searched for literature on the contributing factors to sit-to-stand performance in Parkinson's disease. A quality check of these observational studies was done using the 'strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology' (STROBE) statement and the tool of the 'National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute' (NHLBI). Descriptive and quantitative data were extracted and compiled, and a meta-analysis was performed to compute the standardised mean difference.

Results
Thirteen studies were selected; a majority of them provided a high-to-moderate level of evidence. Ten were cross-sectional, while the other three were case–control studies. Collectively, individuals with Parkinson's disease had a prolonged transfer time than those of age-matched healthy peers, particularly from peak horizontal velocity phase to seat-off phase, implying bradykinesia. A reduction in peak and rate to peak joint torques was also related to the decreased pace and stability of the sit-to-stand movement in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Additionally, they demonstrated exaggerated trunk flexion as a postural stabilisation strategy, allowing them to maintain and manoeuvre the relative positions of their centre of mass through the transitional phase of the transfer.

Conclusion
As per the existing literature, an alteration in strength, overall body bradykinesia, balance, posture, as well as cognition may result in an impaired sit-to-stand transfer in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Functional gait assessment in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Eldeeb Hany Mohamed , Abdelraheem Heba Samir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Postural instability and balance problems in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can seriously affect the quality of life and lead to falls with a subsequent increase in the morbidity and mortality. Early identification of gait dysfunction in early stages of PD establishes an effective therapy, prevention of the falls and reducing health care costs. This work aimed to detect gait disorders in patients with PD using the functional gait assessment (FGA) scale and to correlate it with the disease severity in Egyptian PD patients. This is a case–control study in which 40 patients with PD were recruited from the Involuntary Movement Clinic at Alexandria University El-Hadara Hspoital; 20 patients had early stages of PD (Hoehn Yahr stages 1 and 2) and 20 patients had advanced PD (Hoehn Yahr stages 3 and 4). Another 20 subjects were recruited as controls. All recruited subjects underwent gait assessment using FGA scale.

Results
Gait analysis using FGA showed significant differences (P < 0.001) between the recruited PD patients and the control group. Upon comparing the early and advanced PD patients’ groups, certain items in the FGA (gait with pivot turn, step over obstacle, gait with eyes closed and backward gait) together with time consumed for 6-m walk with eyes open and close showed significant statistical differences between early and advanced PD patients. The patients’ duration of illness with PD was reversely correlated with the total FGA score.

Conclusion
The FGA scale was strongly influenced by the duration of PD among the Egyptian patients and can potentially detect early stages of PD.
Risk factors and impact of stigma on psychiatric patients in Sohag
Authors: Sayed Taher Abdelraheem , Ali Magda Mohamed , Hadad Saber 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Stigma among psychiatric patients is pervasive all over the world. Our aim in this study was to investigate risk factors for stigma related to psychiatric disorders and to demonstrate the major consequences of mental stigma for patients who experience mental illness. We conducted a cross-sectional study and applied a stigma scale to 573 patients with psychiatric disorders who attended our outpatient psychiatry clinic. Participants were divided into two groups, group I (no.262) with low stigma score and group II (no.311) with high stigma score. The two groups were compared in term of socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, level of education, residency, marital status, employment and socioeconomic level), factors related to the psychiatric disorder (duration of illness, number of psychiatric hospital admission and diagnosis) and impact of psychiatric illness (follow-up visits, adherence to medications and suicidal thoughts or attempts).

Results
The mean age of patients with high stigma score (group II) was 29 ± 6 years. High stigma score was more common in females (53.7%), illiterate (11.9%), living in rural areas (58.2%), single (22.83%), unemployed (44.37%) and low socioeconomic class (59.49%). Patients with a high stigma score showed longer duration of psychiatric disorder (43 ± 8 months), more frequent number of psychiatric hospital admission (4.3 ± 0.5) and schizophrenia ((11.25%) and other psychotic disorders (6.49%) were common diagnoses. Patients with a high stigma score show poor adherence to medication (47.91%) and follow-up (44.05%) and a high frequency of suicidal ideation or attempt (47.91%). Significant risk factors predicting high mental stigma were level of education (explaining about 23% of the risk, P = 0.03), duration of mental illness (explaining about 25% of the risk, P = 0.019), number of hospital admissions (explaining about 22.7% of the risk, P = 0.032), diagnosis of mental illness (explaining about 27.7% of the risk, P = 0.01).

Conclusion
Mental stigma is more prevalent among young aged individuals, females, single, unemployed, living in rural areas and those with lower educational and socioeconomic level. Mental stigma has a parallel correlation with psychiatric disorder duration, number of psychiatric hospital admissions, as well as diagnosis of psychotic disorder. The stigma of mental illness from the viewpoint of the patient may lead to delaying the access to care as well as poor adherence to medications and follow-up. Anti-stigma measures can contribute to diminishing the psychiatric illness effect.
Does the second ischemic stroke herald a higher proportional risk for cognitive and physical impairment than the first-ever one?
Authors: Elwan Mohammed Ezzat , Al-emam Aktham Ismail , Munir Ahmed Nabil , Melake Mostafa Saleh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Post-stroke cognitive and physical disabilities are common sequelae; however, it seems that the second ischemic stroke carries a higher proportional risk more than expected. In this study, we aimed to study second stroke sequelae over first-ever one with regard to cognition and physical competence. This study was conducted on two groups; the first composed of 40 patients with acute first lifetime ischemic stroke, and the second group composed of 40 acute second lifetime ischemic stroke. The study was done at menoufiya university hospitals from August 2017 to August 2018. Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and MINI-Cog Score, were performed at onset, 2 weeks and 3 months later. In addition, routine lab and neuro-imaging were also done.

Results
Size of infarction is larger in 2nd group (p < 0.001), MRS, and NIHSS are significantly higher in 2nd group. Also, there are significant differences between baseline, 2 weeks, and 3 months follow-up in MRS and NIHSS. Mini-Cog scale showed significant difference between the two groups in favor of better cognition in the 1st group. Atrial fibrillation (AF), p = 0.012 was a significant risk factor in the 1st group while smoking, p = 0.017 was the significant risk factor in the 2nd group. Large size stroke was found as independent risk factor in the 2nd group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
There are significant cognitive and physical disabilities in the second recurrent ischemic stroke as compared to the first-ever one, and the second stroke tend to be more dangerous and carry more disability.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis leaves extract and their biological activity: a comprehensive review
Authors: Burange Prashant J. , Tawar Mukund G. , Bairagi Ritu A. , Malviya Vedanshu R. , Sahu Vanshika K. , Shewatkar Sakshi N. , Sawarkar Roshani A. , Mamurkar Renuka R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Nanotechnology's rapid development has been in great demand, particularly for silver nanoparticles, which are useful in a variety of industries including medicine, textiles, and home appliances. Silver nanoparticles are extremely essential due to their unique physicochemical and antibacterial properties, which can be used in a variety of applications. Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional synthesis because it uses fewer chemical reagents and lowers temperature and pressure. Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis have a wide medical use because it contains a large number of compounds derived and was decided to use for the synthesis of nanoparticles.

Main text
The combination of silver nanoparticles has a wide range of applications, which has encouraged researchers to focus on the methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis leaves extract, characterization techniques of synthesized silver nanoparticles, and evaluation of their antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The synthesized AgNPs can be characterized by using various analytical techniques including UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. The various types of silver nanoparticles, various strategies for silver nanoparticle synthesis, nano-based drug delivery systems, taxonomy and chemical constituents of Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis plants, the general mechanism of action of silver nanoparticles in bacteria, and various applications of silver nanoparticles have also been discussed.

Conclusion
This review covers a wide range of research on silver nanoparticles to gain a better understanding of their physicochemical feature characterization, production, mechanisms of action, and applications. Various AgNP factors, such as size, surfactant, and structural shape, influence the unique physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles. Even though there are a variety of ways to make AgNPs, green synthesis has a high yield and biocompatibility because it uses natural agents and harmless chemicals. In this paper, we describe the green manufacture of silver nanoparticles utilizing Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis leaf extracts, as well as the method to test their antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Time impacts of treating pervious concrete with sodium bicarbonate
Authors: Almeida Nara , Haselbach Liv 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMagnesium chloride (MgCl2) deicers applications onto pervious concrete pavements can deteriorate the material, and studies investigate treatments to increase the concrete resistance to MgCl2 attacks. In this paper, pervious concrete specimens are subjected to a treatment with Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution, which seems to accelerate concrete carbonation and might hamper chemical reactions between MgCl2 deicer and hydroxides in cement mortar. All specimens had their compressive strength tested and the time frames before and after treatment varied. Results show that at least 2 months should be given post curing before treatment to not harm the concrete, and longer post treatment periods may be beneficial.
The impact of investment in human capital on bank performance: evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mominur , Akhter Bilkis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the aspects of investment in human capital like training of employees, education level of employees, knowledge level of employees, and skills of employees that influence the performance of a bank and to provide some comments to improve the banking sectors. This research included a conceptual model along with hypotheses. This empirical study is based on primary data. The data were obtained by the convenient sampling procedure with a questionnaire using the seven-point Likert scale. The hypothesized model has been validated using data from 261 participants, and an analysis was conducted using the system of structural equation modelling. The results revealed that investment in training, knowledge level and skills of the employee were positively connected to bank performance at less than 1% and a 5% level of significance. But the employee’s educational level does not substantially affect bank output in this analysis. The focus field is the study of the human capital investments of the Human Resources Division at Janata Bank Limited. It investigates different aspects of the Janata Bank’s facilities as well as the problems and prospects. Thus, this study can be a policy dialogue for the managers, owners, decision-makers, and academicians.
Virtual screening, pharmacokinetics, and molecular dynamics simulations studies to identify potent approved drugs for Chlamydia trachomatis treatment
Authors: Edache Emmanuel Israel , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Mamza Paul Andrew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe most frequent bacterial sexually transmitted disease is Chlamydia trachomatis (STD). In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received 1.3 million reports of cases (CDC). Human chlamydial infections are linked to a variety of clinical symptoms. Inclusion (IncA) membranes are a promising drug target for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis. In the present study, molecular docking, ADMET, golden triangle, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were performed on a series of salicylidene acylhydrazides derivatives against Chlamydia trachomatis. Three types of docking software with different algorithms were used to screen the potential candidate against Chlamydia trachomatis.ResultsThe results obtained from the docking analysis succeeded in screening nine novel hit compounds with high affinity to IncA membranes. Then, pharmacokinetics properties were calculated to spot out the drug-likeness of the selected compounds. Also, golden triangles were performed on the selected compounds. Compounds outside the golden triangle indicate that they would have clearance problems. Out of the nine novel hits drugs, four compounds pass the golden triangle screening and virtually all the quality assurance tests proposed by the model and were used for further analysis. One-ns molecular dynamics simulations on the docked complex of compound 44 (one of the highly active selected compounds of the dataset) aided in the further exploration of the binding interactions. Some crucial residues such as Ser111, Gln114, Asn107, Leu142, Gly144, Gln143, Lys104, Tyr149, Phe108, Phe145, and Arg146 were identified. Conventional and carbon–hydrogen bond interactions with amino residues Arg146, Asn107, Phe145, and Ser111 were critical for the binding of inclusion (IncA) membranes inhibitors.ConclusionOutcomes of the study can further be exploited to develop potent inclusion (IncA) membranes inhibitors.
Inlay butterfly versus underlay cartilage tympanoplasty
Authors: Hassan Osama , Esmat Mena , Salah Mohamed , El Shazly Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Tympanic membrane grafting is one of the most common otological procedures. Underlay technique of tympanoplasty was described by Shea in 1960. Utech in 1959 introduce the cartilage in middle ear surgery. The search for an ideal graft material and technique for tympanoplasty was adopted by numerous contributions from surgeons all over the world. Professor Roland Eavey in 1998 introduced a transcanal inlay technique which offers advantages of surgical ease and speed as well as patient comfort.

Results
This study included 46 patients; 23 patients had inlay butterfly myringoplasty (group A), and 23 patients had underlay cartilage tympanoplasty. In group A, 65 % of the patients had a completely healed tympanic membrane postoperatively. Mean AB gap closure was 3.94 db. In underlay group B, 82.6% of the patients had a completely healed tympanic membrane postoperatively. Mean AB gap closure was 4.7 db. These outcomes show no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of graft take and hearing improvement (p > 0.1).

Conclusions
Inlay butterfly myringoplasty is an easy, reliable, and time saving procedure that should be possible as a choice to underlay procedure. Results are comparable with underlay technique in terms of graft take rate and hearing improvement. Procedure is better regarding diminishing operative time, postoperative pain, and duration before resuming usual activities.
Should we use diastolic function parameters to determine preload responsiveness in cardiac surgery? A pilot study
Authors: Courbe Athanase , Perrault-Hébert Clotilde , Ion Iolanda , Desjardins Georges , Fortier Annik , Denault André , Deschamps Alain , Couture Pierre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function (DF) may play an important role in predicting fluid responsiveness. However, few studies assessed the role of diastolic function in predicting fluid responsiveness. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether parameters of right and left diastolic function assessed with transesophageal echocardiography, including the mitral E/e′ ratio, is associated with fluid responsiveness among patients undergoing elective bypass graft surgery. We also sought to compare other methods of fluid responsiveness assessment, including echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters, pulse pressure variation, and stroke volume variation (SVV) (arterial pulse contour analysis, Flotrac/Vigileo system).

Results
We prospectively studied seventy patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) monitored with a radial arterial catheter, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and a pulmonary artery catheter (for cardiac output measurements), before and after the administration of 500 mL of crystalloid over 10 min after the anesthetic induction. Thirteen patients were excluded (total of 57 patients). Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in cardiac index of ≥ 15%. There were 21 responders (36.8%) and 36 non-responders (63.2%). No difference in baseline pulsed wave Doppler echocardiographic measurements of any components of the mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary and hepatic venous flows were found between responders and non-responders. There was no difference in MV tissue Doppler measurements between responders and non-responders, including E/e′ ratio (8.7 ± 4.1 vs. 8.5 ± 2.8 in responders vs. non-responders, P = 0.85). SVV was the only independent variable to predict an increase in cardiac index by multivariate analysis (P = 0.0208, OR = 1.196, 95% CI (1.028-1.393)).

Conclusions
In this pilot study, we found that no parameters of right and left ventricular diastolic function were associated with fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing CABG. SVV was the most useful parameter to predict fluid responsiveness.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 02714244. Registered 21 March 2016—retrospectively registered.
Decision support or autonomous artificial intelligence? The case of wrong blood in tube errors
Authors: Farrell Christopher-John L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly being developed for clinical chemistry applications, however, it is not understood whether human interaction with the models, which may occur once they are implemented, improves or worsens their performance. This study examined the effect of human supervision on an artificial neural network trained to identify wrong blood in tube (WBIT) errors.

Methods
De-identified patient data for current and previous (within seven days) electrolytes, urea and creatinine (EUC) results were used in the computer simulation of WBIT errors at a rate of 50%. Laboratory staff volunteers reviewed the AI model’s predictions, and the EUC results on which they were based, before making a final decision regarding the presence or absence of a WBIT error. The performance of this approach was compared to the performance of the AI model operating without human supervision.

Results
Laboratory staff supervised the classification of 510 sets of EUC results. This workflow identified WBIT errors with an accuracy of 81.2%, sensitivity of 73.7% and specificity of 88.6%. However, the AI model classifying these samples autonomously was superior on all metrics (p-values<0.05), including accuracy (92.5%), sensitivity (90.6%) and specificity (94.5%).

Conclusions
Human interaction with AI models can significantly alter their performance. For computationally complex tasks such as WBIT error identification, best performance may be achieved by autonomously functioning AI models.
How (Not) to Compare?: Not Being Inside, Nor Outside
Authors: Çapar Gürkan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Despite the clear clue given by Kim L. Scheppele as to the shortcomings of governance checklists, it is surprising that comparative constitutional lawyers have not yet followed it up. In fact, what Scheppele hinted at is that the methodologies we have used so far fall short of detecting the interaction effect of the particular components; this is why we need new methodologies and new ways of seeing. To address this, this article will incorporate some tools, having already taken hold in legal philosophy, into the methods discussions in comparative constitutional law in particular and comparative law in general. Upon benefiting from the distinction between internal and external points of view and showing how hermeneutical one differs from the others, the article will make a discursive analysis of the 2010 constitutional amendment in Turkey through the lenses of these three points of view.