bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of brain-wide somatosensory BOLD fMRI in mice under dexmedetomidine/isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine
Authors: You Taeyi , Im Geun Ho , Kim Seong-Gi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMouse fMRI under anesthesia has become increasingly popular due to improvement in obtaining brain-wide BOLD response. Medetomidine with isoflurane has become well-accepted for resting-state fMRI, but whether this combination allows for stable, expected, and robust brain-wide evoked response in mice has yet to be validated. We thus utilized intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous infusion of ketamine/xylazine to elucidate whether stable mouse physiology and BOLD response are obtainable in response to simultaneous forepaw and whisker-pad stimulation throughout 8 h. We found both anesthetics result in hypercapnia with depressed heart rate and respiration due to self-breathing, but these values were stable throughout 8 h. Regardless of the mouse condition, brain-wide, robust, and stable BOLD response throughout the somatosensory axis was observed with differences in sensitivity and dynamics. Dexmedetomidine/isoflurane resulted in fast, boxcar-like, BOLD response with consistent hemodynamic shapes throughout the brain. Ketamine/xylazine response showed higher sensitivity, prolonged BOLD response, and evidence for cortical disinhibition as significant bilateral cortical response was observed. In addition, differing hemodynamic shapes were observed between cortical and subcortical areas. Overall, we found both anesthetics are applicable for evoked mouse fMRI studies.
Cerebral blood volume increment after resuscitation measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy can estimate degree of hypoxic–ischemic insult in newborn piglets
Authors: Mitsuie Tsutomu , Nakamura Shinji , Htun Yinmon , Nakao Yasuhiro , Arioka Makoto , Koyano Kosuke , Morimoto Aya , Wakabayashi Takayuki , Kuroda Yasuhiro , Kusaka Takashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is a notable cause of neonatal death and developmental disabilities. To achieve better outcomes, it is important in treatment strategy selection to categorize the degree of hypoxia ischemia and evaluate dose response. In an asphyxia piglet model with histopathological brain injuries that we previously developed, animals survived 5 days after insult and showed changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) that reflected the severity of injuries. However, little is known about the relationship between changes in CBV during and after insult. In this study, an HI event was induced by varying the amount and timing of inspired oxygen in 20 anesthetized piglets. CBV was measured using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy before, during, and 6 h after insult. Change in CBV was calculated as the difference between the peak CBV value during insult and the value at the end of insult. The decrease in CBV during insult was found to correlate with the increase in CBV within 6 h after insult. Heart rate exhibited a similar tendency to CBV, but blood pressure did not. Because the decrement in CBV was larger in severe HI, the CBV increment immediately after insult is considered useful for assessing degree of HI insult.
Task-dependent effects of nicotine treatment on auditory performance in young-adult and elderly human nonsmokers
Authors: Sun Shuping , Kapolowicz Michelle R. , Richardson Matthew , Metherate Raju , Zeng Fan-Gang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrophysiological studies show that nicotine enhances neural responses to characteristic frequency stimuli. Previous behavioral studies partially corroborate these findings in young adults, showing that nicotine selectively enhances auditory processing in difficult listening conditions. The present work extended previous work to include both young and older adults and assessed the nicotine effect on sound frequency and intensity discrimination. Hypotheses were that nicotine improves auditory performance and that the degree of improvement is inversely proportional to baseline performance. Young (19–23 years old) normal-hearing nonsmokers and elderly (61–80) nonsmokers with normal hearing between 500 and 2000 Hz received nicotine gum (6 mg) or placebo gum in a single-blind, randomized crossover design. Participants performed three experiments (frequency discrimination, frequency modulation identification, and intensity discrimination) before and after treatment. The perceptual differences were analyzed between pre- and post-treatment, as well as between post-treatment nicotine and placebo conditions as a function of pre-treatment baseline performance. Compared to pre-treatment performance, nicotine significantly improved frequency discrimination. Compared to placebo, nicotine significantly improved performance for intensity discrimination, and the improvement was more pronounced in the elderly with lower baseline performance. Nicotine had no effect on frequency modulation identification. Nicotine effects are task-dependent, reflecting possible interplays of subjects, tasks and neural mechanisms.
Case–control diagnostic accuracy study of a non-sputum CD38-based TAM-TB test from a single milliliter of blood
Authors: Hiza Hellen , Hella Jerry , Arbués Ainhoa , Magani Beatrice , Sasamalo Mohamed , Gagneux Sebastien , Reither Klaus , Portevin Damien 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCD4 T cell phenotyping-based blood assays have the potential to meet WHO target product profiles (TPP) of non-sputum-biomarker-based tests to diagnose tuberculosis (TB). Yet, substantial refinements are required to allow their implementation in clinical settings. This study assessed the real time performance of a simplified T cell activation marker (TAM)-TB assay to detect TB in adults from one millilitre of blood with a 24 h turnaround time. We recruited 479 GeneXpert positive cases and 108 symptomatic but GeneXpert negative controls from presumptive adult TB patients in the Temeke District of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. TAM-TB assay accuracy was assessed by comparison with a composite reference standard comprising GeneXpert and solid culture. A single millilitre of fresh blood was processed to measure expression of CD38 or CD27 by CD4 T cells producing IFN-γ and/or TNF-α in response to a synthetic peptide pool covering the sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB10.4 antigens on a 4-color FACSCalibur apparatus. Significantly superior to CD27 in accurately diagnosing TB, the CD38-based TAM-TB assay specificity reached 93.4% for a sensitivity of 82.2% with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.87 (95% CI 0.84–0.91). The assay performance was not significantly affected by HIV status. To conclude, we successfully implemented TAM-TB immunoassay routine testing with a 24 h turnaround time at district level in a resource limited setting. Starting from one millilitre of fresh blood and being not influenced by HIV status, TAM-TB assay format and performance appears closely compatible with the optimal TPP accuracy criteria defined by WHO for a non-sputum confirmatory TB test.
Targeting therapy-resistant lung cancer stem cells via disruption of the AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN positive-feedback loop
Authors: Kim In-Gyu , Lee Jei-Ha , Kim Seo-Yeon , Heo Chang-Kyu , Kim Rae-Kwon , Cho Eun-Wie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as essential targets to overcome tumor progression and therapeutic resistance; however, practical targeting approaches are limited. Here, we identify testis-specific Y-like protein 5 (TSPYL5) as an upstream regulator of CSC-associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer cells, and suggest as a therapeutic target for CSC elimination. TSPYL5 elevation is driven by AKT-dependent TSPYL5 phosphorylation at threonine-120 and stabilization via inhibiting its ubiquitination. TSPYL5-pT120 also induces nuclear translocation and functions as a transcriptional activator of CSC-associated genes, ALDH1 and CD44. Also, nuclear TSPYL5 suppresses the transcription of PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling. TSPYL5-pT120 maintains persistent CSC-like characteristics via transcriptional activation of CSC-associated genes and a positive feedback loop consisting of AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN signaling pathway. Accordingly, elimination of TSPYL5 by inhibiting TSPYL5-pT120 can block aberrant AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN cyclic signaling and TSPYL5-mediated cancer stemness regulation. Our study suggests TSPYL5 be an effective target for therapy-resistant cancer.
Electrochemical ammonia synthesis from nitrite assisted by in situ generated hydrogen atoms on a nickel phosphide catalyst
Authors: Yang Xiao , Kang Lei , Wang Chuan-Jun , Liu Fulai , Chen Yong 
Published: June 2021

Highly selective ammonia generation was achieved using a Ni2P catalyst through the electrochemical reduction of NaNO2. Hydrogen atoms in situ generated on the surface of Ni2P by electrochemical pretreatment greatly promoted the reaction rate.
The effects of the formation of a multi-scale reinforcing phase on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a Ti2AlC/TiAl alloy
Authors: Fang Hongze , Wang Shu , Chen Ruirun , Xu Qin , Yan Yongda , Su Yanqing , Guo Jingjie 
Published: June 2021

Via controlling the carbon content, a multiscale reinforcing phase, especially a nano-reinforcement phase in the α2 lamellar, is formed. This not only improves the microstructure but also improves the room and high temperature mechanical properties.
Revisiting CCL-type chemokines in breast cancer and its milieu: prominent targetable chemokines, CCL8 and CCL21
Authors: Unver Nese 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The patterns of chemokine expression play a decisive role in both breast cancer prognosis and metastasis. In a recent article published in Bioscience Reports, ‘Bioinformatics identification of CCL8/21 as potential prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer microenvironment’, Chen et al. presented that expression of both CCL8 and CCL21 among CCL-type chemokines is prominent for prognosis of the breast cancer, metastasis and chemoresistance (Biosci Rep (2020) 40(11); DOI: 10.1042/BSR20202042). Identifying the sources of the CCL8 and CCL21 in the tumor microenvironment and developing targeting strategies for these chemokines to prevent tumor growth will improve both prognosis and therapeutic outcomes.
Obesity-associated cardiovascular risk in women: hypertension and heart failure
Authors: Faulkner Jessica L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases begins long prior to the presentation of a cardiovascular event. In both men and women, cardiovascular events, and their associated hospitalizations and mortality, are often clinically predisposed by the presentation of a chronic cardiovascular risk factor. Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in both sexes, however, the clinical prevalence of obesity, as well as its contribution to crucial cardiovascular risk factors is dependent on sex. The mechanisms via which obesity leads to cardiovascular risk is also discrepant in women between their premenopausal, pregnancy and postmenopausal phases of life. Emerging data indicate that at all reproductive statuses and ages, the presentation of a cardiovascular event in obese women is strongly associated with hypertension and its subsequent chronic risk factor, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In addition, emerging evidence indicates that obesity increases the risk of both hypertension and heart failure in pregnancy. This review will summarize clinical and experimental data on the female-specific prevalence and mechanisms of hypertension and heart failure in women across reproductive stages and highlight the particular risks in pregnancy as well as emerging data in a high-risk ethnicity in women of African ancestry (AA).
Optimal edge gateway deployment in internet of things based on simulated annealing with adaptive external penalty
Authors: Zhu Xiaorong , Xiao Fang , Wang Yue , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the large scale Internet of things, edge gateway (EG) deployment is used to find the minimal number of gateways required in the network and their optimal locations under the design constraints to meet different service requirements, which is one significant issue for improving network performances. We formulate the EG deployment problem as a k‐median problem with some constraints, which is known as a NP‐hard problem. For that, we propose a new heuristic based on simulated annealing with external penalty function (SA‐AEP) for its solution. The external penalty function is used to transform the multi‐constrained optimization problem into a single constraint one. Also the complexity of proposed heuristic algorithm is analyzed. In addition, in order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, we compare it with an adaptive variable‐length particle swarm optimization algorithm with varying lengths. Simulation results show that the proposed SA‐AEP algorithm has much better performances on network cost and efficiency than other algorithms when the higher service rate is required.
The Cauchy method of analytical regularisation in the modelling of plane wave scattering by a flat pre‐fractal system of impedance strips
Authors: Koshovy George I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Cauchy method of analytical regularisation, first in full explanation, is used for the modelling of the plane wave scattering by a flat pre‐fractal system of impedance strips. It is based on a modification of the singular integral equation technique and the correct type of inversion formula of the simplest Cauchy singular integral equation. The approach is effective for the plane H‐polarised electromagnetic (or sonic) wave scattering problems. The principle of strict mathematical orderings of the pre‐fractal strip grating deals with a five‐parts class of perfect fractal sets, which is characterised by a variable positive fractal dimension. Considerable attention is devoted to the asymptotic model of the plane wave scattering by a sparsely filled grating, which has an explicit solution. This result is very important for verification of the mathematical models presented and testing of direct numerical methods. The scattered electromagnetic field in the far zone is successfully analysed with the aid of the asymptotic solution derived for electrically narrow strips.
The all-sky PLATO input catalogue
Authors: Montalto M. , Piotto G. , Marrese P. M. , Nascimbeni V. , Prisinzano L. , Granata V. , Marinoni S. , Desidera S. , Ortolani S. , Aerts C. , Alei E. , Altavilla G. , Benatti S. , Börner A. , Cabrera J. , Claudi R. , Deleuil M. , Fabrizio M. , Gizon L. , Goupil M. J. , Heras A. M. , Magrin D. , Malavolta L. , Mas-Hesse J. M. , Pagano I. , Paproth C. , Pertenais M. , Pollacco D. , Ragazzoni R. , Ramsay G. , Rauer H. , Udry S. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The ESA PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) mission will search for terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-type stars. Because of telemetry limitations, PLATO targets need to be pre-selected.
Aims. In this paper, we present an all sky catalogue that will be fundamental to selecting the best PLATO fields and the most promising target stars, deriving their basic parameters, analysing the instrumental performances, and then planing and optimising follow-up observations. This catalogue also represents a valuable resource for the general definition of stellar samples optimised for the search of transiting planets.
Methods. We used Gaia Data Release 2 astrometry and photometry and 3D maps of the local interstellar medium to isolate FGK (V ≤ 13) and M (V ≤ 16) dwarfs and subgiant stars.
Results. We present the first public release of the all-sky PLATO input catalogue (asPIC1.1) containing a total of 2 675 539 stars including 2 378 177 FGK dwarfs and subgiants and 297 362 M dwarfs. The median distance in our sample is 428 pc for FGK stars and 146 pc for M dwarfs, respectively. We derived the reddening of our targets and developed an algorithm to estimate stellar fundamental parameters (Teff, radius, mass) from astrometric and photometric measurements.
Conclusions. We show that the overall (internal+external) uncertainties on the stellar parameter determined in the present study are ∼230 K (4%) for the effective temperatures, ∼0.1 R⊙ (9%) for the stellar radii, and ∼0.1 M⊙ (11%) for the stellar mass. We release a special target list containing all known planet hosts cross-matched with our catalogue.
Statistical study of electron density turbulence and ion-cyclotron waves in the inner heliosphere: Solar Orbiter observations
Authors: Carbone F. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Steinvall K. , Vecchio A. , Telloni D. , Yordanova E. , Graham D. B. , Edberg N. J. T. , Eriksson A. I. , Johansson E. P. G. , Vásconez C. L. , Maksimovic M. , Bruno R. , D’Amicis R. , Bale S. D. , Chust T. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Kretzschmar M. , Lorfèvre E. , Plettemeier D. , Souček J. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Trávníček P. , Vaivads A. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Angelini V. , Evans V. 
Published: June 2021

Context.The recently released spacecraft potential measured by the RPW instrument on board Solar Orbiter has been used to estimate the solar wind electron density in the inner heliosphere.Aims.The measurement of the solar wind’s electron density, taken in June 2020, has been analysed to obtain a thorough characterization of the turbulence and intermittency properties of the fluctuations. Magnetic field data have been used to describe the presence of ion-scale waves.Methods.To study and quantify the properties of turbulence, we extracted selected intervals. We used empirical mode decomposition to obtain the generalized marginal Hilbert spectrum, equivalent to the structure functions analysis, which additionally reduced issues typical of non-stationary, short time series. The presence of waves was quantitatively determined by introducing a parameter describing the time-dependent, frequency-filtered wave power.Results.A well-defined inertial range with power-law scalng was found almost everywhere in the sample studied. However, the Kolmogorov scaling and the typical intermittency effects are only present in fraction of the samples. Other intervals have shallower spectra and more irregular intermittency, which are not described by models of turbulence. These are observed predominantly during intervals of enhanced ion frequency wave activity. Comparisons with compressible magnetic field intermittency (from the MAG instrument) and with an estimate of the solar wind velocity (using electric and magnetic field) are also provided to give general context and help determine the cause of these anomalous fluctuations.
Detection of Rossby modes with even azimuthal orders using helioseismic normal-mode coupling
Authors: Mandal K. , Hanasoge S. M. , Gizon L. 
Published: June 2021

Context. Retrograde Rossby waves, measured to have significant amplitudes in the Sun, likely have notable implications for various solar phenomena.
Aims. Rossby waves create small-amplitude, very-low frequency motions, on the order of the rotation rate and lower, which in turn shift the resonant frequencies and eigenfunctions of the acoustic modes of the Sun. The detection of even azimuthal orders Rossby modes using mode coupling presents additional challenges and prior work therefore only focused on odd orders. Here, we successfully extend the methodology to measure even azimuthal orders as well.
Methods. We analyze 4 and 8 years of Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) data and consider coupling between different-degree acoustic modes (of separations 1 and 3 in the harmonic degree). The technique uses couplings between different frequency bins to capture the temporal variability of the Rossby modes.
Results. We observe significant power close to the theoretical dispersion relation for sectoral Rossby modes, where the azimuthal order is the same as the harmonic degree, s = |t|. Our results are consistent with prior measurements of Rossby modes with azimuthal orders over the range t = 4 to 16 with maximum power occurring at mode t = 8. The amplitudes of these modes vary from 1 to 2 m s−1. We place an upper bound of 0.2 m s−1 on the sectoral t = 2 mode, which we do not detect in our measurements.
Conclusions. This effort adds credence to the mode-coupling methodology in helioseismology.
Function-Preserving Neurotized Lateral Arm Free Flap in the Reconstruction of Hemiglossectomy Defects
Authors: Prakash Divya , Balakrishnan T. M. , Jaganmohan J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction and Methods The glabrous, thin, and pliable texture of lateral arm flap with no loss of any axial vessel of the limb renders it a good choice for hemiglossectomy defect reconstruction. The main caveat of this flap harvest is the loss of sensation in the distribution of posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve (PABCN). In this article, we present two strategic sites and techniques to preserve the integrity of PABCN and at the same time harvesting lateral arm flap with a lengthy lower lateral cutaneous nerve of arm for the neurotization. The outcome of this function-preserving neurotized lateral arm free flap in the reconstruction of hemiglossectomy defects is analyzed and presented in this article.
Results Ninety percent of the patients attained grade 3 score in objective assessment, leading to a significant p-value of 0.02 with this technique. All had preservation of sensation in the distribution of PABCN.
Conclusion Our technique of harvest and neurotization has brought good functional recovery of the oral cavity with preservation of PABCN.
Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Bresson-Hadni Solange , Spahr Laurent , Chappuis François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is a rare but severe zoonosis caused by the pseudotumoral intrahepatic development of the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. HAE is present only in the Northern Hemisphere, predominantly in China. Currently, there is a significant resurgence of cases in historically endemic areas associated with emergence of HAE in countries not previously concerned. Today, in European countries, HAE is often discovered by chance; however, clinicians should be made aware of opportunistic infections that progressively emerged recently as a result of therapeutic or pathological immunosuppression. Ultrasonography is the key first-line diagnostic procedure, with specific serology providing confirmation in 95% of the cases. Albendazole, only parasitostatic, is the mainstay for treatment. Surgical resection, if feasible, is the gold standard for treatment, and more patients are currently eligible for this option because of an earlier diagnosis. The prognosis has considerably improved but remains poor in countries where access to care is less favorable.
Deeply sub-wavelength non-contact optical metrology of sub-wavelength objects
Authors: Rendón-Barraza Carolina , Chan Eng Aik , Yuan Guanghui , Adamo Giorgio , Pu Tanchao , Zheludev Nikolay I. 
Published: June 2021

Microscopes and various forms of interferometers have been used for decades in optical metrology of objects that are typically larger than the wavelength of light λ. Metrology of sub-wavelength objects, however, was deemed impossible due to the diffraction limit. We report the measurement of the physical size of sub-wavelength objects with deeply sub-wavelength accuracy by analyzing the diffraction pattern of coherent light scattered by the objects with deep learning enabled analysis. With a 633 nm laser, we show that the width of sub-wavelength slits in an opaque screen can be measured with an accuracy of ∼λ/130 for a single-shot measurement or ∼λ/260 (i.e., 2.4 nm) when combining measurements of diffraction patterns at different distances from the object, thus challenging the accuracy of scanning electron microscopy and ion beam lithography. In numerical experiments, we show that the technique could reach an accuracy beyond λ/1000. It is suitable for high-rate non-contact measurements of nanometric sizes of randomly positioned objects in smart manufacturing applications with integrated metrology and processing tools.