bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and comparative study on the antibacterial activity organotin(IV) 3-hydroxybenzoate compounds
Authors: Hadi Sutopo , Lestari Sri , Suhartati Tati , Qudus Hardoko Insan , Rilyanti Mita , Herasari Dian , Yandri Yandri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The synthesis and comparative study on the antibacterial activity of three organotin(IV) compounds, namely dibutyltin(IV) bis-(3-hydroxybenzoate), [Bu2Sn(3-HBz)2] (7), diphenyltin(IV) bis-(3-hydroxybenzoate), [Ph2Sn(3-HBz)2] (8), and triphenyltin(IV) 3-hydroxybenzoate, [Ph3Sn(3-HBz)] (9) which were prepared by the reaction of dibutyltin(IV) oxide, [Bu2SnO] (4), diphenyltin(IV) dihydroxide, [Ph2Sn(OH)2] (5), and triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide, [Ph3SnOH] (6) with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBz) has successfully been performed. The characterization of these compounds were done using 1H and 13C NMR, IR, UV spectroscopies and their compositions were determined based on microanalytical data. Antibacterial activity of these compounds was demonstrated at concentrations of 1.89 × 10−4, 1.81 × 10−4, and 1.72 × 10−4 M, respectively by dilution method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Similarly, the compounds were active at concentration of 1.87 × 10−4, 1.79 × 10−4, and 1.71 × 10−4 M, respectively, against Bacillus subtilis. These activities are comparable to that of streptomycin at a concentration of 1.70 × 10−4 M as a positive control, but the halozone of compounds 7, 8, and 9 were slightly lower than that of streptomycin’s halozone. The results obtained suggest that the compounds synthesized have potential as antibacterial agents.
PVA coating of ferrite nanoparticles triggers pH-responsive release of 5-fluorouracil in cancer cells
Authors: Mngadi Sanele , Singh Moganavelli , Mokhosi Seipati 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has transformed both diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. Along with developing novel anti-cancer drugs with high therapeutic potential, researchers are exploring innovative strategies for more targeted delivery in order to alleviate the associated potent side effects. In this study, we describe the synthesis of Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles, their functionalisation with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and encapsulation of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Functionalised nanoparticles viz. PVA-Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 -5-FU displayed desirable physiochemical properties with regards to the spherical shape, hydrodynamic sizes of <120 nm and relative colloidal stability of up to <−33 mV. The drug encapsulating efficiency was found to be 68%. In vitro cytotoxicity profiles were determined using the MTT and SRB assays, with >65% cell death recorded in MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines. Overall, the nanocomposites exhibited excellent physiochemical elements, high specificity towards cancerous cells and displayed pH-sensitive drug release in a simulated acidic tumour micro-environment. The encapsulation of 5-FU improved bioavailability of the drug in cancer cell lines for a prolonged duration, with the promise to enhance its therapeutic effect, biocompatibility and safety. These MNPs present as promising in vitro delivery systems that can be further developed for therapeutic applications.
Homocysteine is potential serological marker for predicting the risk of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in patients received operation of lower limb fracture
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhang Weiran , Huang Jingmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate the correlations among serum homocysteine (Hcy), D-dimer, and the risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities in patients who underwent operation for lower limb fracture.

Methods
Seventy-five cases who underwent operation for lower limb fracture were included and further divided into DVT group (n = 26) and control group (n = 49) based on post-DVT diagnostic criteria. The serum Hcy and D-dimer were examined 48 h after operation. The serum Hcy and D-dimer levels were compared between the two groups. The correlation between serum Hcy and D-dimer was investigated by the Pearson correlation test. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum Hcy and D-dimer as serological markers for DVT.

Results
The serum Hcy concentrations were 11.96 ± 3.98 μmol/L and 7.92 ± 3.27 μmol/L for DVT and control groups, respectively, with statistical difference (t = 4.72, P < 0.01). The serum D-dimer in the DVT group was significantly higher than that of the control group (8.99 ± 4.50 vs 1.70 ± 2.11) μg/mL with statistical difference (t = 9.56, P < 0.01). Line regression analysis indicated that serum Hcy was positively correlated with serum D-dimer concentration and can be demonstrated by the equation of Y = 0.6651*X + 1.036 for the DVT group. Using serum Hcy as the biomarker for predicting DVT, the prediction sensitivity and specificity were 76.92 and 71.44%, respectively, with the AUC of 0.7804 under the cut-point of 9.54 μmol/L. For serum D-dimer, the prediction sensitivity and specificity were 96.15 and 73.47%, respectively, with the area under the ROC (AUC) of 0.9455 under the cut-point of 1.66 μg/mL.

Conclusion
Serum Hcy was significantly elevated in DTV patients, and hence, it can be applied as a serological marker for DVT prediction in patients who underwent operation for lower limb fracture. However, the DVT prediction performance of serum Hcy was inferior to D-dimer especially for diagnostic sensitivity.
The efficacy of botulinum toxin A treatment for tension-type or cervicogenic headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Roland Sissel Breivold , Pripp Are Hugo , Msomphora Mbachi Ruth , Kvarstein Gunnvald 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The pathogeneses of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) and cervicogenic headache (CEH) are not well established. Peripheral activation or sensitization of myofascial nociceptors is suggested as a potential mechanism and injections of botulinum toxin (BONTA) have thus been used in the treatment for both headache conditions. BONTA inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and inhibits contraction of skeletal muscles. If the pain is precipitated by increased tone in cervical muscles, local injections of BONTA could represent a prophylactic measure. However, the treatment is still controversial, and a thorough assessment of the current evidence is required. This review aims to assess the evidence of BONTA injection as a prophylactic treatment for CTTH and CEH by reviewing and examining the quality of placebo-controlled, randomized trials.

Methods
Data sources: we searched in the following databases: PubMed (including Medline), Embase, Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials, Cinahl, Amed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar including other repository sources. Both MeSH and free keywords were used in conducting the systematic search in the databases. The search covered publications from the root of the databases to November 2020.

Study eligibility criteria
The review included RCTs, comparing single treatment of BONTA with placebo on patients with CTTH or CEH above 18 years of age, by measuring pain severity/relief or headache frequency.

Data extraction
The following data were extracted: year of publication, country, setting, trial design, number of participants, injection procedure, BONTA dosages, and clinical outcome measures.

Study appraisal
To assess validity and quality, and risk of bias, the Oxford Pain Validity Scale, Modified Jadad Scale, last version of Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias (RoB 2), and the CONSORT 2010 Checklist were used. The trials were assessed, and quality scored independently by two of the reviewers. A quantitative synthesis and meta-analyses of headache frequency and intensity were performed.

Results
We extracted 16 trials, 12 on prophylactic BONTA treatment for CTTH and four on CEH. Of these 12 trials (8 on CTTH and 4 on CEH) were included in the quantitative synthesis. A majority of the trials found no significant difference on the primary outcome measure when BONTA treatment was compared with placebo. Three “positive” trials, reporting significant difference in favor of BONTA treatment, but two of these were hampered by low validity and quality scores and high risk of bias.

Conclusions
There is no clear clinical evidence supporting prophylactic treatment with BONTA for CTTH or CEH.
Pulmonary Function as a Predictor of Frailty Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: dos Santos Nara L. O. , Pegorari Maycon S. , Silva Caroline de F. R. , Jamami Maurício , Matos Areolino P. , Pinto Ana Carolina P. N. , Ohara Daniela G. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
Diminished pulmonary function is associated with negative health outcomes and pulmonary impairment, and can be associated with frailty. The objectives of this study were to compare pulmonary function between frail, prefrail, and nonfrail older adults; to verify the association between pulmonary function and frailty syndrome; and to establish cut-off points for pulmonary function variables for predicting frailty.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 379 community-dwelling older adults of both sexes. Spirometry was used to measure pulmonary function criteria (forced vital capacity, FVC; forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV1; and FEV1/FVC ratio). The presence of frailty was evaluated with Fried's frailty phenotype. Statistical analysis included a multinomial logistic regression model. Pulmonary function cut-off points for discriminating frailty syndrome were established through analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results and Discussion:
The study participants were a median of 69.0 (64.0-74.0) years old, and 12.4% presented frailty while 58% presented prefrailty. Frail and prefrail older adults presented significantly lower median FVC and FEV1 values—FVC = 1.89 L (1.45-2.31) and FEV1 = 1.60 L (1.24-1.91); FVC = 2.07 L (1.62-2.67) and FEV1 = 1.66 L (1.32-2.09), respectively—than nonfrail participants—FVC = 2.53 L (1.96-3.16) and FEV1 = 2.01 L (1.54-2.43). The adjusted analysis indicated that FEV1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.99) and the FVC (OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48-0.96) were inversely associated with prefrailty and that FVC (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29-0.94) was associated with frailty. Cut-off points for prefrailty (FVC ≤2.3 L and FEV1≤1.86 L) and frailty (FVC ≤2.07 L and FEV1≤1.76 L) were established.

Conclusions:
Pulmonary function was lower in frail and prefrail older adults than in their nonfrail peers. Frailty and prefrailty were inversely associated with pulmonary function. Cut-off points for FEV1 and FVC for discriminating frailty were established and may allow pulmonary function to serve as an indicator of frailty in older adults.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A case report in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and hypertension
Authors: Edy Parwanto Mauritus Lambertus , Digambiro Reza Aditya , Nusantara Dwi Utomo , Rarasati Twindy 
Published: June 2021

Background: Until May 2020, Indonesia is still on COVID-19 emergency status. South Jakarta is part of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta that has applied large-scale social restrictions. The Indonesian government has extended Jakarta's large-scale social restrictions to Friday, May 22nd, 2020 to curb the spread of the corona-virus that causes COVID-19.Case report: Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and hypertension were infected with SARS-CoV-2. He had traveled from Saudi Arabia a week before and already has a fever. Arriving in Indonesia, the patient showed symptoms of worsening disease, experienced coughing, shortness of breath, and sore throat. The patient does not inject insulin due to loss of appetite. On March 30th, 2020, a laboratory examination showed high blood sugar levels (369 mg/dL) followed by positive ketones bodies. On April 2nd, 2020, the patient was designated as a confirmed case of COVID-19 after a positive polymerase chain reaction test. The rapid diagnostic test also showed a positive IgM.Â Management of patient includes giving O2 through the non-rebreathing oxygen mask, infusion of sodium chloride, 20 IU ApidraÂ®, 12 IU LantusÂ® injection, Oseltamivir orally, Levofloxacin, Paracetamol, Vitamin C, Candesartan, Concor. This therapy was continued until April 5th, 2020. On April 5th, the patient complained about a cold sensation all over his body. The patient died on the afternoon of April 6th, (8 days of hospitalization) due to sudden cardiac arrest and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was done with standardized protocol with no avail.Conclusion: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hypertension worsen the condition of COVID-19 patients. There are many unknown disease progression outcomes in these patients.
Role of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in alopecia areata: A literature review
Authors: Ciptasari Ni Wayan Eka 
Published: June 2021

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that causes hair loss, and its specific cause is notÂ fully determined. This disease affects the patients physically, psychologically, and cosmetically. Treatment of AA is not curative, but controls or limits the disease course. Most treatment modalities are an immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agent, which are associated with increased side effects. PRP has been used in aesthetics and dermatology, especially for wound repair. Improvement characterized by hair growth has been reported in several studies. Hair growth improvement with PRP is an effective procedure for AA without any allergic reaction. Epidermal proliferation, induction of angiogenesis, and stimulation of the growth of follicular bulge cells were also reported. Despite showing the efficacy of PRP in AA, it is necessary to carry out randomized clinical trials and long-term evaluations to support the efficacy of therapy.
Flap modalities for reconstruction following excision of vascular malformation on lower lip: a review with a case report
Authors: Haryanti Jenny Indah , Tanuwijaya Lucretya Yeniwati , Khairiza Rizka , Mas'ud Ahmad Fawzy 
Published: June 2021

Background:Capillary malformations (CMs) and Lymphatic malformation (LMs) are vascular malformations that share a common tendency to cause soft and hard tissue hyperthropy, expressed in the three dimensions of the space. Although middle third of the face is the most commonly involved area, with a predominance of upper lip, the lower lip sometimes involved in some cases too. Vascular malformations of the lip often require reconstructive surgery with meticulous attention to both aesthetic and functional purposes. The lip reconstructive rule of thirds suggests that lower lip defects involving 1/3-2/3 total lip width require closure with lip switch or local advancement flap techniques (Karapandzic, Abbe, or Estlander).Case Description: 36 years old woman with bluish tumor lesion on lower lip since childhood, came to our clinic with history of Â small lesion enlarging slowly, bluish in color, elastic in palpation, no bruit in auscultation. She had underwent surgery to reduce the size of lesion twice while childhood and in adult. Then she felt the lesion became bigger and fulfilling the right edge extended to two third of the lower lip. She felt a little bit itchy, and a difficulty in eating. The surgeon performed a wide excision continued using lip reconstruction Karapandzic flap. The final result of the reconstruction is satisfactory for the patient, and no recurrence nor complication existed.Discussion:Vascular malformation which underwent correcting surgery should consider certain guidelines regarding anatomic consideration and therefore appropriate reconstruction according guideline methods, such as close primarily, Karapandzic, Estlander, Abbe, Bernard-Burrow, distant free flap, will provide good anatomical and physiological result in attected lip. The surgeon choose to perform Karapandzic method for this patient because Karapandzic is probably the better choice because itâ€™s better at maintaining oral competence. Larger lip defects over 50% of the lip can be reconstructed by Karapandzic flap.Â Conclusion: Karapandzic flaps is probably proper alternative due to reducing the larger lower lip defect (more than two-thirds of lip) which give a satisfying result of this patient.
The extent, characteristics and potential of solar powered irrigation systems in South Africa
Authors: Piliso P. , Senzanje A. , Dhavu K. 
Published: June 2021

South Africa has been identified as having a high potential for solar powered irrigation. However, there has been a lag in the development of solar powered irrigation systems (SPIS) there, mainly due to the high investment cost associated with solar technology. South Africa has frequently implemented load shedding, which has affected many farmers. The work reported in this paper sought to determine the extent of solar powered irrigation and characteristics of the system types in use. The extent of SPIS in South Africa was determined using a questionnaire, and categorised in terms of farm size, SPIS configuration (storage of energy), type of irrigation, and location of the system. These were established mainly from a literature search. The questionnaires were administered on Survey Monkey®. The sample size of the study was 138 755 potential respondents. The number that participated and completed the questionnaires included a total of 18 SPIS engineers, installers and designers and 13 SPIS users (farmers). The main problem encountered with the distribution of the survey was finding SPIS users to participate. Results from SPIS engineers, installers and designers showed that most SPIS they implemented were in the Western Cape and the Eastern Cape, at 33% of the responses for both provinces. The total area under SPIS was found to be 364 ha, while the area under irrigation is South Africa is 1 300 00 ha, indicating a high potential for SPIS development. Some details on the extent of SPIS in South Africa were determined in this paper, but more SPIS users need to be identified to determine the details of their SPIS.
Big Data Predictive Analytics and Performance: The Role of Transformational Leadership
Authors: Et. al. Collins Ngu Nji, 
Published: June 2021

The importance of Big Data and Predictive Analytics (BDPA) have been overemphasized in recent years. However previous studies have been so focused on the developed and emerging market economies. The present research investigates this concept within the settings of a developing market economy. Also, the influence of transformational leadership (TL) in the adoption of BDPA as well as its moderation role between BDPA-Operational Performance (OP) nexus hasn’t been raised in prior studies. To address this, this study examines the combined effects of Mimetic Pressures (MP) and the Firm’s Human Skills (HS) as well as TL in the adoption of BDPA. The present study also examines the impact of TL on OP and its moderating role on the BDPA-OP nexus. Using a pre-tested questionnaire, the research hypothesis was tested on 145 surveys. The results of the empirical study indicate that MP has a positive but insignificant effect on the building and selection of HS and independently the adoption of BDPA is positively and significantly been influenced by both MP and HS. Likewise, BDPA has a positive and significant impact on OP. TL has a positive but insignificant effect in the adoption of BDPA and a negative and insignificant effect on OP. Also, the moderating effect of TL in the BDPA-OP nexus was found to be positive and seemingly significant.
Skleroderma hastalarının ağız ve periodontal bulguları ile hastalık tutulumları arasındaki ilişki
Authors: ÖZCAN Mustafa , CİFTCİ Volkan , TÜRK İpek 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, skleroderma (SD) hastalarının mevcut ağız açıklığını ve periodontal bulgularını tespit etmek ve bu bulgular ile hastalığın alt grupları arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 74 yetişkin (60 kadın, 14 erkek) skleroderma hastası dahil edildi. Çalışma grupları skleroderma tipine (51 Diffüz, 23 lokalize) göre belirlendi. Çalışmaya katılan hastaların klinik periodontal parametreleri (Gingival indeks, plak indeksi ve cep derinliği) kaydedildi. Maksimum ağız açıklığı ve tükürük miktarı belirlendi. Temporamandibular eklem muayenesi yapıldı.
Bulgular: Skleroderma hastalarında ortalama ağız açıklığı 36,6±8,0 mm tespit edildi. Diffüz tip SD hastalarının ortalama ağız açıklığı (33,7±7,3 mm) ve lokalize tip SD hastalarının ağız açıklığı (43,0±5,4 mm) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulundu. Diffüz tip SD hastalarında cep ortalama cep derinliğinin (3,17±0,9), lokalize tip SD hastalarına (2,69±0,6) göre istatistiksel anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Sklorederma yaygın olarak sınırlı ağız açıklığına ve periodontal dokulara etkisi nedeniyle çeşitli oral problemlere yol açabilir. SD hastalarının oral problemlerinin tedavisinde, ağız açma egzersizleri ve düzenli diş hekimi kontrolü önerilebilir. Ayrıca SD tipleri ile periodontal hastalıklar arasındaki ilişkinin etiyolojisi ve patogenezini değerlendiren ileriki çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
Analyse de la RentabilitÃ© Ã‰conomique du MaraÃ®chage dâ€™hivernage dans les Communes dâ€™Imanan et de Tagazar au Niger
Authors: MaÃ¯ga Djibril Idrissa Guisso , Boubacar Soumana 
Published: June 2021

Dans leur quÃªte de sÃ©curitÃ© monÃ©taire, les mÃ©nages sâ€™adonnent au maraÃ®chage dâ€™hivernage qui de nos jours, reprÃ©sente une vÃ©ritable alternative de diversification de revenu. La prÃ©sente Ã©tude analyse aussi bien la rentabilitÃ© Ã©conomique des exploitations maraÃ®chÃ¨res dâ€™hivernage que les facteurs socioÃ©conomiques et techniques influenÃ§ant cette rentabilitÃ© dans les communes dâ€™Imanan et de Tagazar au Niger. Les donnÃ©es primaires ont Ã©tÃ© obtenues au moyen dâ€™enquÃªtes individuelles et des focus groups. Au total, 102 maraÃ®chers, choisis de faÃ§on alÃ©atoire, ont Ã©tÃ© enquÃªtÃ©s. Lâ€™analyse des donnÃ©es basÃ©e sur lâ€™approche budgÃ©taire, a permis dâ€™Ã©valuer les Ã©lÃ©ments comptables des exploitations. Une fonction stochastique de type Cobb-Douglass a Ã©tÃ© estimÃ©e Ã lâ€™aide du logiciel STATA 14.1. Les rÃ©sultats montrent que le modÃ¨le est hautement significatif (p< 0,001) avec un coefficient de dÃ©termination multiple ajustÃ© RÂ² de 0,79. Il rÃ©sulte que les exploitations maraÃ®chÃ¨res dâ€™hivernage Ã©tudiÃ©es sont rentables, Ã©tant donnÃ© quâ€™un franc investi rapporte 3,47 FCFA. En ce qui concerne les dÃ©terminants, les rÃ©sultats montrent que lâ€™expÃ©rience des maraÃ®chers, la superficie cultivÃ©e et la vente individuelle au marchÃ© ont un effet positif significatif sur la marge nette dÃ©gagÃ©e. Pendant que la vente groupÃ©e bord parcelle lâ€™influence nÃ©gativement. Le maraÃ®chage dâ€™hivernage doit Ãªtre davantage promu au Niger tout en mettant lâ€™accent sur la vente individuelle au marchÃ©.

In their quest for monetary security, the households practice the rainy market gardening which is, at present, a real alternative of income diversification. This paper focuses on the rainy market gardening profitability in the municipalities of Imanan and Tagazar in Niger. It aims to identify the factors which explain this profitability. The data collected in the fields is used to calculate the different inputs, output, and the profitability of rainy market gardening. Cobb Douglass stochastic function is estimated. The model is significative (p< 0,001) with an adjusted coefficient of determination R 2 of 0,79. The model explains about 79% of net margin changing by the variables included. The result shows that on an average area of 180 m2 , a farmer who invests 74000 FCFA in rainy market garden earns a net margin of 177 156 FCFA. After using the regression model, it reveals that the net margin of rainy market gardening is influenced by variables like the experience, the area of gardening, and the selling product at the market. However, the age, being in famerâ€™s organization, access to information and other selling strategies were not significative in the model.