bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and study on the fauna and epidemiology of rodent endoparasites in the desert of northwest China
Authors: Zhou Xudong , Jiang Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zoonoses are severe and have attracted wide attention in society. Many animal parasitic diseases can cause human infection, so it is necessary to study the host of parasites and their transmission routes. The sampling investigation in the inland arid desert area of northwestern China - Xinjiang, a total of 963 rodents belonging to 21 species, 15 genera, four families, and two Lepus yarkandensis,17 Crocidura leucodon were captured in the arid desert region of Xinjiang. Among them, 33 species of endoparasite were detected, including 17 species of nematodes,15 species of tapeworm, and one acanthocephalan species. A total of 127 positive specimens were detected. The infection rate of endoparasite was 13.19%, Nematode infection rate was 6.63%, and the tapeworm infection rate was 7.98%. Epidemiological studies were carried out, and the conclusions are as follows: The infection rate of endoparasite in rodents in this area is not related to gender but is closely related to the host’s age, distribution area, host species, cluster lifestyle, and season. The infection intensity is not related to the number of infected endoparasite species and the infection rate but is mainly related to specific parasite species and rodent species. With the succession of rodent communities, the infection intensity increases from desert to artificial forest, farmland, and residential area, indicating that the direction and route of parasite transmission from primitive desert to artificial environment have formed.
Massive Hemorrhage From the Posterior Intercostal Artery Following Lower Partial Sternotomy: a Case Report
Authors: Hattori Masashi , Matsumura Yu , Yamaki Fumitaka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In recent years, partial sternotomy has been adopted as an approach for minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Lower partial sternotomy is considered a superior approach compared to full sternotomy in terms of postoperative sternum fixation. We reported a very rare complication of posterior intercostal bleeding after aortic valve replacement with lower partial sternotomy.Case presentation: A 79-year-old man underwent aortic valve replacement using lower partial sternotomy involving the right second intercostal space. The surgery was completed without any problem. However, a postoperative chest radiograph indicated a hematoma in the right upper chest wall and pleural effusion. Therefore, we inserted a drainage tube immediately. His blood pressure gradually decreased despite not having much drainage from the chest tube. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a huge hematoma and hemorrhage from the fourth right posterior intercostal artery. Immediately, we performed an emergency lower partial sternotomy again. We detected the origin of the bleeding in the right fourth posterior intercostal artery and obtained hemostasis with direct suture. The postoperative course was uneventful.Conclusions: This case highlights the possibility of intraoperative bleeding from the intercostal artery, even in the absence of a clear rib fracture. In our case, we did not identify the cause of the bleeding. However, we suggest that the inhomogeneous stress on the posterior ribs upon attaching the sternal retractor for lower partial sternotomy may have affected the posterior intercostal artery.
Dietary practices of women with Endometriosis: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Armour Mike , Middleton Alexandra , Lim Siew , Sinclair Justin , Varjabedian David , Smith Caroline 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Endometriosis causes deleterious effects on the lives of sufferers across multiple domains impacting quality of life. Commonly utilised pharmaceutical interventions offer sub-optimal efficacy in addition to potentially intolerable side effects for many women. There is some evidence for dietary therapies reducing endometriosis symptoms but little data on dietary preferences / strategies used, and their impact, in a community setting. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between October and December 2017 to investigate the self-management strategies employed by women with endometriosis. Participants were aged 18-45 years, living in Australia and had a surgically confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis. Results: Four hundred and eighty-four responses were included for analysis, with 76% of women reporting the use of general self-management strategies within the last six months. Of these, 44% of respondents reported using dietary strategies for symptom management. Reducing or eliminating gluten, reducing or eliminating dairy and the low FODMAP diet were the most commonly reported dietary strategies utilised. Respondents reported a 6.4/10 effectiveness score for reduction in pelvic pain with dietary changes, with no difference in pain reduction between the various diets used. Further, women self-reported significant improvements in co-morbidities such as gastrointestinal disturbance (39%), nausea and vomiting (15%) and fatigue (15%).Conclusions: Dietary modifications are a very common self-management strategy employed by people with endometriosis, with the greatest benefit reported on gastrointestinal symptoms. Reducing or eliminating gluten, dairy or FODMAPs, or a combination of these, were the most common strategies. No single diet appeared to provide greater self-reported benefits than others.
Effects of simufilam on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wang Hoau-Yan , Pei Zhe , Lee Kuo-Chieh , Rojas Yaneicy Gonzalez , Doehner Tamara , Puente John , Sciara Patrick , Beck Brian , Lopez-Brignoni Evelyn , Nikolov Boris , Crowley Carrie , Thornton George Ben , Barbier Remi , Friedmann Nadav , Cummings Jeffrey L. , Burns Lindsay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND

Simufilam is a first-in-class drug candidate targeting altered filamin A, a proteopathy in Alzheimer’s disease. The primary objective of this Phase 2 clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of simufilam on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease patients. A secondary objective was to assess cognitive enhancement.
METHODS

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted across 9 clinical sites in the US, 64 mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease patients were randomized to simufilam 50 or 100 mg b.i.d. or placebo for 28 days. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by CSF total tau/amyloid-beta1 − 42 (Aβ42) > 0.28. Co-primary endpoints were changes in CSF Aβ42, total tau, phospho-tau (P-tau181), neurogranin, neurofilament light chain, and YKL-40. Secondary endpoints included additional CSF biomarkers assessing neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier integrity, and tests of episodic and spatial working memory.
RESULTS

Adjusting for multiplicity of the six co-primary endpoints (p < 0.008 versus placebo required for significance), simufilam 50 and 100 mg significantly reduced CSF levels of total tau, hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau181), neurogranin, neurofilament light chain and YKL-40. Simufilam 50 mg significantly increased CSF levels of Aβ42. On secondary CSF biomarker endpoints, both doses of simufilam significantly reduced IL-6, soluble TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2), HMGB1 (high mobility group box-1), albumin and immunoglobulin G. All but one patient improved from baseline across biomarkers. Simufilam 50 and 100 mg showed effect sizes versus placebo (0.23–0.46) in change from baseline in episodic memory and spatial working memory. Episodic memory improvements correlated most strongly with decreases in P-tau181 (R2 = 0.48). Simufilam was safe and well tolerated. Target engagement was demonstrated by filamin A linkages to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype α7 (α7nAChR) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in lymphocytes.
CONCLUSIONS

Simufilam was safe and well tolerated and significantly improved eleven CSF biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, implying biological evidence of disease modification. Simufilam will be further evaluated in large, definitive clinical trials.
TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04079803.
GLIS1, a Potential Candidate Gene Affect Fat Deposition in Sheep Tail
Authors: luo Rongsong , Zhang Xiaoran , Wang Likai , Zhang Li , Li Guangpeng , Zheng Zhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fat deposition in sheep tails has complicated mechanisms. In this study, the population genomics analysis has been applied to identify candidate genes associated with fat tails based on high depth whole-genome sequencing of Mongolia sheep (MG, fat-tailed), Small Tail Han sheep (STH, fat-tailed) and two dairy sheep breeds DairyMeade and East Friesian (DS, thin-tailed). The selective signature analysis demonstrated that GLIS1, LOC101117953, PDGFD and T were in the significant divergent regions between DS and STH-MG. A nonsynonymous point mutation (g. 27807636G>T) was found within GLIS1 in STH-MG and resulting in a Pro to Thr substitution. As a pro-adipogenic factor, GLIS1 may play critical roles in the mesodermal cell differentiation during sheep fetal development and affect the fat deposition in sheep tails. This study provides a new insight into the genetic basis of species-specific traits of fat tails.
Factors Associated with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children Aged 2-15 Years: A Case-Control Study from southern Iran
Authors: Zamani Marzieh , Rahmanian Vahid , Rezaei Samira , Khubfekr Hekmatollah , Namdar Azam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus and diet in the first two years of life as well as a select group of demographic variables.
Methods

This case-control study was conducted on 76 children with T1DM and 209 non-diabetic children selected through convenience sampling from the population of people visiting the community health centers of the city of Jahrom, Iran. The required data were collected by a questionnaire of diet and demographic information that was completed by the mothers of the children. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and adjusted odds ratio.
Results

Finally, the results of multiple backward logistic regression showed that Body Mass Index (BMI) of the mother being less than 18.5 before pregnancy (OR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.61 to 11.97), mothers without a history of diabetes (OR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.60), mother’s weight before pregnancy (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.91), mother’s excess weight during pregnancy(OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.93), exclusive breastfeeding for more than six months (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.96), low weight gain in the first two years of life (OR: 6.98, 95% CI: 2.16 to 22.5), and the breastfeeding less than 12 months (OR: 10.52, 95% CI: 1.62 to 66.64) have association with Type 1 diabetes (p < 0.05).
Conclusion

Body mass index less than 18 mothers before pregnancy, Low weight gain in the first two years of life and breastfeeding less than 12 months increases the risk of developing Type-1 Diabetes in children.
Incidence of Cardiotoxicity and Validation of the Heart Failure Association- International Cardio-Oncology Society risk stratification Tool in Patients Treated with Trastuzumab for HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: Battisti Nicolò Matteo Luca , Andres Maria Sol , Lee Karla A , Ramalingam Tharshini , Nash Tamsin , Mappouridou Stephanie , Senthivel Nishanthi , Asavisanu Kalaprapa , Obeid Mariam , Tripodaki Elli-Sophia , Angelis Vasileios , Fleming Emily , Goode Emily F , John Susan , Rosen Stuart D , Allen Mark , Stanway Susannah , Lyon Alexander R , Ring Alistair 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeTrastuzumab improves survival in patients with HER2+ early breast cancer. However, cardiotoxicity remains a concern, particularly in the curative setting, and there are limited data on its incidence outside of clinical trials. We retrospectively evaluated the cardiotoxicity rates (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] decline, congestive heart failure [CHF], cardiac death or trastuzumab discontinuation) and assessed the performance of a proposed model to predict cardiotoxicity in routine clinical practice.MethodsPatients receiving curative trastuzumab between 2011-2018 were identified. Demographics, treatments, assessments and toxicities were recorded. Fisher’s exact test, chi-squared and logistic regression were used.Results931 patients were included in the analysis. Median age was 54 years (range 24-83) and Charlson comorbidity index 0 (0-6), with 195 patients (20.9%) aged 65 or older. 228 (24.5%) were smokers. Anthracyclines were given in 608 (65.3%). Median number of trastuzumab doses was 18 (1-18). The HFA-ICOS cardiovascular risk was low in 401 patients (43.1%), medium in 454 (48.8%), high in 70 (7.5%) and very high in 6 (0.6%).Overall, 155 (16.6%) patients experienced cardiotoxicity: LVEF decline≥10% in 141 (15.1%), falling below 50% in 55 (5.9%), CHF NYHA class II in 42 (4.5%) and class III-IV in 5 (0.5%) and discontinuation due to cardiac reasons in 35 (3.8%). No deaths were observed.Cardiotoxicity rates increased with HFA-ICOS score (14.0% low, 16.7% medium, 30.3% high/very high; p=0.002). ConclusionsCardiotoxicity was relatively common (16.6%), but symptomatic heart failure on trastuzumab was rare in our cohort. The HFA-ICOS score identifies patients at high risk of cardiotoxicity
Two-dimensional charge order stabilized in clean polytype heterostructures
Authors: Sung Suk Hyun , Schnitzer Noah , Novakov Steve , Baggari Ismail El , Luo Xiangpeng , Gim Jiseok , Vu Nguyen , Li Zidong , Brintlinger Todd , Liu Yu , Lu Wenjian , Sun Yuping , Deotare Parag , Sun Kai , Zhao Liuyan , Kourkoutis Lena , Heron John , Hovden Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that transformative correlated electron behavior may exist only in unrealized clean-limit 2D materials such as 1T-TaS2. Unfortunately, experiment and theory suggest that extrinsic disorder in free standing 2D layers impedes correlation-driven quantum behavior. Here we demonstrate a new route to realizing fragile 2D quantum states through epitaxial polytype engineering of van der Waals materials. The isolation of truly 2D charge density waves (CDWs) between metallic layers stabilizes commensurate long-range order and lifts the coupling between neighboring CDW layers to restore mirror symmetries via interlayer CDW twinning. The twinned-commensurate charge density wave (tC-CDW) reported herein has a single metal–insulator phase transition at ∼350 K as measured structurally and electronically. Fast in-situ transmission electron microscopy and scanned nanobeam diffraction map the formation of tC-CDWs. This work introduces epitaxial polytype engineering of van der Waals materials to access latent 2D ground states distinct from conventional 2D fabrication.
Altered microRNA expression in COVID-19 patients enables identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Farr Ryan , Rootes Christina , Rowntree Louise , Nguyen Thi , Hensen Luca , Kedzierski Lukasz , Cheng Allen , Kedzierska Katherine , Au Gough , Marsh Glenn , Vasan Seshadri , Foo Chwan Hong , Cowled Christopher , Stewart Cameron 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection provide insights into both viral pathogenesis and patient management. The host-encoded microRNA (miRNA) response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, remains poorly defined. Here we profiled circulating miRNAs from ten COVID-19 patients sampled longitudinally and ten age and gender matched healthy donors. We observed 55 miRNAs that were altered in COVID-19 patients during early-stage disease, with the inflammatory miR-31-5p the most strongly upregulated. Supervised machine learning analysis revealed that a three-miRNA signature (miR-423-5p, miR-23a-3p and miR-195-5p) independently classified COVID-19 cases with an accuracy of 99.9%. In a ferret COVID-19 model, the three-miRNA signature again detected SARS-CoV-2 infection with 99.7% accuracy, and distinguished SARS-CoV-2 infection from influenza A (H1N1) infection and healthy controls with 95% accuracy. Distinct miRNA profiles were also observed in COVID-19 patients requiring oxygenation. This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a robust host miRNA response that could improve COVID-19 detection and patient management
Stokes dual-soliton spectroscopy in a graphene functionalized over-modal microresonator
Authors: Soavi Giancarlo , Yuan Zhongye , Tan Teng , Yan Guofeng , Zhou Siyu , An Ning , Zhang Hao , Peng Bo , Rao Yun-Jiang , Yao Baicheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dual comb spectroscopy enables fast and accurate measurements over broad spectral ranges, offering a powerful tool to identify chemical species with unprecedented spectral resolution. Co-generation of soliton combs in one single microresonator can be used to improve the compactness of multi-comb sources and bridge the lab-to-fab gap. However, the robustness of pristine microresonators to environmental changes limits their potential in broader applications such as biochemical sensing. Here, we realize for the first time a two-dimensional-material functionalized dual-comb spectrometer by asymmetrically depositing graphene in an over-modal microsphere. Spectrally trapped Stokes solitons belonging to distinct transverse mode families are co-generated in one single device. A soliton mode in the graphene-functionalized region is highly sensitive to environmental changes while a second soliton mode in the pristine region serves as reference, thus producing dual-comb ultrasensitive beat notes in the electrical domain. Taking advantage of an advanced optoelectronic heterodyne detection scheme, we trace the frequency shift of the dual-soliton beat-note with uncertainty < 0.2 Hz and we achieve real-time individual gas molecule detection in vacuum. This combination of atomically thin materials and microcombs shows the potential for integrated spectroscopy with unprecedented performances and offers new insights toward the design of versatile functionalized microcavity photonic devices.
Clinical Outcomes of Arthroscopic Repair for Large or Massive Rotator Cuff Tear with Delamination: Comparison of Three Suture-Bridge Technique
Authors: Okubo Atsushi , Yotsumoto Tadahiko , Watanabe Nobuyoshi , Kajikawa Teruyoshi , Nakajima Shun , Oshima Yasushi , Iizawa Norishige , Majima Tokifumi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Rotator cuff tear with delamination is considered as a risk factor for postoperative retear after rotator cuff repair. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between 3 repair procedures for large or massive rotator cuff tears with delamination: conventional en masse suture bridge (EMSB), double-layer suture bridge (DLSB), and combination of double-layer suture bridge and modified Debyere-Patte (DLSB+DP) methods.Methods: A total of 53 shoulders of 52 patients who had large or massive rotator cuff tears with delamination were included. The patients were categorized into 3 groups: EMSB group comprised 18 patients, DLSB group comprised 24 shoulders of 23 patients, and DLSB+DP group comprised 11 patients. DP was applied for cases in which the rotator cuff was unable to be covered up to the footprint even though it was sufficiently mobilized. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 34.6 months (range, 24-72 months). Pre- and postoperative evaluations included the Constant scores and range of motion (ROM). Tendon integrity according to Sugaya classification, and fatty degeneration were also evaluated by magnetic resonance images (MRI).Results: The ROM significantly improved after the operation in all groups. Mean constant scores significantly improved (from 45.5±14.3 to 77.4±13.6, in the EMSB, from 45.5±11.6 to 87.6±11.4 in the DLSB, and from 46.3±11.2 to , and 88.0±10.5 in the DLSB+DP). Significant differences were noted in the postoperative Constant score (p<0.05: DLSB vs. EMSB , and p<0.05: DLSB+DP vs. EMSB)． The Constant pain score was better in the DLSB+DP than in the EMSB group. The mean pre-operative global fatty degeneration index was 1.52 in the EMSB group, 1.80 in the DLSB group, and 2.28 in the DLSB+DP group. Retear occurred in 27.8% in the EMSB group, 12.5% in the DLSB group, and 9.1% in the DLSB+DP group. Conclusions: Comparison of 3 groups demonstrated that DLSB and DLSB+DP achieved better clinical outcome than EMSB. DLSB+DP is useful for large or massive rotator cuff tears with severe fatty degeneration or for cases where presence of excessive tension is anticipated when repairing the torn cuff.
Mapping the health systems response to violence against women:
Authors: Sikder Shegufta Shefa , Ghoshal Rakhi , Deosthali Padma , Jaishwal Chandni , Roy Nobhojit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Violence against women (VAW) is prevalent globally, and the health sector is a key entry point for survivors to receive care. However, documentation on the rollout of health system response to violence against women is lacking in low and middle-income countries. This paper maps the operationalization of health systems response to violence against women in five low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to identify core learnings. Methods: We selected five LMIC contexts that were actively addressing national-level health system response from 2015 to 2020 and where we had access to practitioners directly engaged in national rollout. We synthesized publicly available data and program reports according to the components of the Health Systems Framework to Address VAW. Results: One-stop centers were found to be the dominant model of care located in hospitals implemented by the health systems in four countries except Brazil, where one-stop centers are not located in hospitals and do not provide health services. While each setting has implemented in-service training as key to addressing provider knowledge, attitudes and practice, significant gaps remain in addressing frequent staff turnover, provision of training at scale, and documentation on the impact of training. Health system protocols for VAW address sexual violence but do not uniformly include clinical and health policy responses for other forms of violence. In Brazil, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, harmful practices such as virginity testing remain within clinical protocols. Providing privacy to survivors within health facilities was a universal challenge. Conclusions: Significant efforts have been made to address provider attitudes towards provision of care and in protocolized delivery of care to survivors, primarily through one-stop centers. Improvements can be made in data collection on training impact on provider attitudes and practices, in provider identification of VAW survivors, and in prioritization of VAW within health system budgeting, staffing, and political priorities. Beyond hospital-based one-stop centers at tertiary and district levels, primary health facilities need to provide first-line support for survivors to avoid delays in response to VAW as well as for secondary prevention.