bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telecoupled environmental impacts are an obstacle to meeting the sustainable development goals
Authors: Zeng Yiwen , Runting Rebecca K. , Watson James E. M. , Carrasco Luis Roman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInternational trade is responsible for connecting human and natural systems across distant countries, and has profound implications for sustainability. In particular, telecoupling, the socioeconomic and environmental interactions between distant countries as a result of, among others, global trade, typically leaves less affluent nations bearing the largest environmental impacts. Telecoupling effects are likely to be pervasive to those trying to achieve the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but little is known about how telecoupling affects the SDGs beyond a subset of environment‐related targets. Here, we take a broad global network analysis approach to address this gap, and assess the vulnerability of the SDGs' indicators and their interactions to telecoupling across 180 countries. We find that a majority (~78%) of the SDG indicators are significantly correlated (p‐value <.05) to indicators of telecoupled environmental impacts, indicating that higher performing countries under SDGs indicators do so helped by externalizing their environmental impacts. We also find that, by proactively accounting for telecoupling, connectivity between goals is reduced in 11 of the 17 SDGs, reducing the trade‐offs between environmental‐related and development SDGs in developing countries. Our results reinforce the need for better integration of telecoupling when monitoring progress towards the SDGs for development to be truly sustainable and equitable.
A genome sequence resource for the genus Passiflora, the genome of the wild diploid species Passiflora organensis
Authors: Costa Zirlane Portugal , Varani Alessandro Mello , Cauz‐Santos Luiz Augusto , Sader Mariela Analía , Giopatto Helena Augusto , Zirpoli Bruna , Callot Caroline , Cauet Stephane , Marande Willian , Souza Cardoso Jessica Luana , Pinheiro Daniel Guariz , Kitajima João Paulo , Dornelas Marcelo Carnier , Harand Andrea Pedrosa , Berges Helene , Monteiro‐Vitorello Claudia Barros , Carneiro Vieira Maria Lucia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe genus Passiflora comprises a large group of plants popularly known as passionfruit, much appreciated for their exotic flowers and edible fruits. The species (∼500) are morphologically variable (e.g., growth habit, size, and color of flowers) and are adapted to distinct tropical ecosystems. In this study, we generated the genome of the wild diploid species Passiflora organensis Gardner by adopting a hybrid assembly approach. Passiflora organensis has a small genome of 259 Mbp and a heterozygosity rate of 81%, consistent with its reproductive system. Most of the genome sequences could be integrated into its chromosomes with cytogenomic markers (satellite DNA) as references. The repeated sequences accounted for 58.55% of the total DNA analyzed, and the Tekay lineage was the prevalent retrotransposon. In total, 25,327 coding genes were predicted. Passiflora organensis retains 5,609 singletons and 15,671 gene families. We focused on the genes potentially involved in the locus determining self‐incompatibility and the MADS‐box gene family, allowing us to infer expansions and contractions within specific subfamilies. Finally, we recovered the organellar DNA. Structural rearrangements and two mitoviruses, besides relics of other mobile elements, were found in the chloroplast and mt‐DNA molecules, respectively. This study presents the first draft genome assembly of a wild Passiflora species, providing a valuable sequence resource for genomic and evolutionary studies on the genus, and support for breeding cropped passionfruit species.
New bioimaging avenues for organs‐on‐chips by integration of bioluminescence
Authors: Moreira Teixeira Liliana , Mezzanotte Laura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe unmet demand for the development of advanced in vitro models that emulate key features of human (patho‐)physiology and organ or tissue functionality led to the emergence of organ‐on‐a‐chip screening platforms. This biomimetic microtechnology enables accurate prediction of human responses, even at the multitissue or organ interaction level. With these advances, the necessity of incorporating biosensing within these platform becomes increasingly evident, to ultimately allow in situ, noninvasive, monitoring of cells, tissues and organs’ behavior. Seamlessly integrated biosensors on‐chip also offer the prospect of uninterrupted and fully automated analysis. The continuous search for biosensors that not only avoid disruptive analyses, but are also highly sensitive and permit instant in situ evaluation, steered further developments of optical biosensors including bioluminescence (BL). BL is particularly suitable to interrogate biological systems at the multiparameter level and it is well matched to address the intrinsic biological systems’ heterogeneity due to its inherent high signal to background ratio, to which the demand of simple measurement equipment can be added. Moreover, BL can be effortlessly integrated into any available organ‐on‐a‐chip platform and provides unique groundbreaking means for online monitoring, at the cellular level, and/or detection of cell secreted/excreted compounds. This review depicts recent advances in biosensors, with particular focus on BL. We highlight current challenges and future directions, aimed at stimulating the application of BL to interface organ‐on‐a‐chip systems, leading to the exponential advancement of both fields.
The impact of improved agricultural technologies on household food security of smallholders in Central Ethiopia: An endogenous switching estimation
Authors: Hailu Mekonnen , Tolossa Degefa , Girma Anteneh , Kassa Belay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCombinations of improved agricultural technologies adoption have a significant effect on agricultural productivity and household food security. Their synergies improve soil fertility and suppress weeds, pests, and diseases. Many studies in Ethiopia analyze the impacts of improved technologies adoption in isolation rather than in combinations; little attention was given on multiple combinations of improved technologies adoption on household food security. This study analyses the impact of combinations of improved agricultural technologies adoption on household food security (per capita calorie consumption, dietary diversity score, and food consumption score). Data were collected from household survey questionnaire, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. An endogenous switching regression model is applied to analyze the impacts through adoption decisions by farm households which can be adopted in various combinations. We find that the adoption of improved agricultural technologies increases dietary energy supply, dietary diversity, and food consumption score significantly and the greatest impact is obtained when improved technologies adopting in combinations rather than in isolation. The adoption of multiple combinations of improved technologies has substantial effects that improve the food security status of smallholders in the study areas. This implies that agricultural research, extension, policymakers, and other actors to promote a combination of improved agricultural technologies to improve household food security through increasing productivity and income.
An Organotin Route for the Preparation of 2,6‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)bromo‐benzene and the Related Bis(Phosphine Oxide). Precursors for Novel Ligands
Authors: Meyer Fabio , Kuzmera Thomas , Lork Enno , Vogt Matthias , Beckmann Jens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 2,6‐difluorophenyltrialkylstannanes 2,6‐F2C6H3SnR3 (1, R=Me; 2, R=Bu) were prepared from commercial products. With Ph2PLi, 1 and 2 underwent nucleophilic substitution to give the 2,6‐bis(diphenylphosphino)phenyltrialkylstannanes 2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3SnR3 (3, R=Me; 4, R=Bu). The reaction of 3 with n‐BuLi and BrCH2CH2Br afforded 2,6‐bis(diphenylphosphino)bromobenzene (2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3Br, 5), the oxidation of which gave the related bis(phosphine oxide) 2,6‐[Ph2P(O)]2C6H3Br (6). The reaction of 5 with n‐BuLi gave rise to the formation of 2,6‐bis(diphenylphosphino)phenyl lithium, 2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3Li (7). Attempts to prepare the related bis(phosphine oxide) 2,6‐[Ph2P(O)]2C6H3Li (8) from 6 in a similar way at low temperatures was hampered by decomposition. Compounds 3, 5 and 7 hold potential for a new anionic tridentate PCP−coordinating ligand, namely, the bis(2,6‐diphenyl)phosphinophenyl ion [2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3]−.
Light, long-lived B − L gauge and Higgs bosons at the DUNE near detector
Authors: Bhupal Dev P. S. , Dutta Bhaskar , Kelly Kevin J. , Mohapatra Rabindra N. , Zhang Yongchao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The low-energy U(1)B−L gauge symmetry is well-motivated as part of beyond Standard Model physics related to neutrino mass generation. We show that a light B − L gauge boson Z′ and the associated U(1)B−L-breaking scalar φ can both be effectively searched for at high-intensity facilities such as the near detector complex of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). Without the scalar φ, the Z′ can be probed at DUNE up to mass of 1 GeV, with the corresponding gauge coupling gBL as low as 10−9. In the presence of the scalar φ with gauge coupling to Z′, the DUNE capability of discovering the gauge boson Z′ can be significantly improved, even by one order of magnitude in gBL, due to additional production from the decay φ → Z′Z′. The DUNE sensitivity is largely complementary to other long-lived Z′ searches at beam-dump facilities such as FASER and SHiP, as well as astrophysical and cosmological probes. On the other hand, the prospects of detecting φ itself at DUNE are to some extent weakened in presence of Z′, compared to the case without the gauge interaction.
The Weyl BMS group and Einstein’s equations
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Oliveri Roberto , Pranzetti Daniele , Speziale Simone 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We propose an extension of the BMS group, which we refer to as Weyl BMS or BMSW for short, that includes super-translations, local Weyl rescalings and arbitrary diffeomorphisms of the 2d sphere metric. After generalizing the Barnich-Troessaert bracket, we show that the Noether charges of the BMSW group provide a centerless representation of the BMSW Lie algebra at every cross section of null infinity. This result is tantamount to proving that the flux-balance laws for the Noether charges imply the validity of the asymptotic Einstein’s equations at null infinity. The extension requires a holographic renormalization procedure, which we construct without any dependence on background fields. The renormalized phase space of null infinity reveals new pairs of conjugate variables. Finally, we show that BMSW group elements label the gravitational vacua.
Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune
Authors: Dufrançais Ophélie , Mascarau Rémi , Poincloux Renaud , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle , Raynaud-Messina Brigitte , Vérollet Christel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDifferent types of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of myeloid origin have been described; osteoclasts are the most extensively studied because of their importance in bone homeostasis. MGCs are formed by cell-to-cell fusion, and most types have been observed in pathological conditions, especially in infectious and non-infectious chronic inflammatory contexts. The precise role of the different MGCs and the mechanisms that govern their formation remain poorly understood, likely due to their heterogeneity. First, we will introduce the main populations of MGCs derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We will then discuss the known molecular actors mediating the early stages of fusion, focusing on cell-surface receptors involved in the cell-to-cell adhesion steps that ultimately lead to multinucleation. Given that cell-to-cell fusion is a complex and well-coordinated process, we will also describe what is currently known about the evolution of F-actin-based structures involved in macrophage fusion, i.e., podosomes, zipper-like structures, and tunneling nanotubes (TNT). Finally, the localization and potential role of the key fusion mediators related to the formation of these F-actin structures will be discussed. This review intends to present the current status of knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting multinucleation of myeloid cells, highlighting the gaps still existing, and contributing to the proposition of potential disease-specific MGC markers and/or therapeutic targets.
COVID-19-Forschungsdaten leichter zugänglich machen – Aufbau einer bundesweiten Informationsinfrastruktur
Authors: Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Fluck Juliane , Golebiewski Martin , Grabenhenrich Linus , Hahn Horst , Kirsten Toralf , Klammt Sebastian , Löbe Matthias , Sax Ulrich , Thun Sylvia , Pigeot Iris ,   NFDI4Health Task Force Covid-19, Ahrens Wolfgang , Darms Johannes , Henke Jörg , Hu Xiaoming , Klopfenstein Sophie , Langnickel Lisa , Lassen-Schmidt Bianca , Pohlabeln Hermann , Lieser Michael , Näher Anatol-Fiete , Scholz Markus , Vorisek Carina , Waltemath Dagmar , Wünsche Hannes 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungPublic-Health-Forschung, epidemiologische und klinische Studien sind erforderlich, um die COVID-19-Pandemie besser zu verstehen und geeignete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen. Daher wurden auch in Deutschland zahlreiche Forschungsprojekte initiiert. Zum heutigen Zeitpunkt ist es ob der Fülle an Informationen jedoch kaum noch möglich, einen Überblick über die vielfältigen Forschungsaktivitäten und deren Ergebnisse zu erhalten. Im Rahmen der Initiative „Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur für personenbezogene Gesundheitsdaten“ (NFDI4Health) schafft die „Task Force COVID-19“ einen leichteren Zugang zu SARS-CoV-2- und COVID-19-bezogenen klinischen, epidemiologischen und Public-Health-Forschungsdaten. Dabei werden die sogenannten FAIR-Prinzipien (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) berücksichtigt, die eine schnellere Kommunikation von Ergebnissen befördern sollen. Zu den wesentlichen Arbeitsinhalten der Taskforce gehören die Erstellung eines Studienportals mit Metadaten, Erhebungsinstrumenten, Studiendokumenten, Studienergebnissen und Veröffentlichungen sowie einer Suchmaschine für Preprint-Publikationen. Weitere Inhalte sind ein Konzept zur Verknüpfung von Forschungs- und Routinedaten, Services zum verbesserten Umgang mit Bilddaten und die Anwendung standardisierter Analyseroutinen für harmonisierte Qualitätsbewertungen. Die im Aufbau befindliche Infrastruktur erleichtert die Auffindbarkeit von und den Umgang mit deutscher COVID-19-Forschung. Die im Rahmen der NFDI4Health Task Force COVID-19 begonnenen Entwicklungen sind für weitere Forschungsthemen nachnutzbar, da die adressierten Herausforderungen generisch für die Auffindbarkeit von und den Umgang mit Forschungsdaten sind.
Activity and electron donor preference of two denitrifying bacterial strains identified by Raman gas spectroscopy
Authors: Blohm Annika , Kumar Swatantar , Knebl Andreas , Herrmann Martina , Küsel Kirsten , Popp Jürgen , Frosch Torsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman activities have greatly increased the input of reactive nitrogen species into the environment and disturbed the balance of the global N cycle. This imbalance may be offset by bacterial denitrification, an important process in maintaining the ecological balance of nitrogen. However, our understanding of the activity of mixotrophic denitrifying bacteria is not complete, as most research has focused on heterotrophic denitrification. The aim of this study was to investigate substrate preferences for two mixotrophic denitrifying bacterial strains, Acidovorax delafieldii and Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis, under heterotrophic, autotrophic or mixotrophic conditions. This complex analysis was achieved by simultaneous identification and quantification of H2, O2, CO2, 14N2, 15N2 and 15N2O in course of the denitrification process with help of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (CERS) multi-gas analysis. To disentangle electron donor preferences for both bacterial strains, microcosm-based incubation experiments under varying substrate conditions were conducted. We found that Acidovorax delafieldii preferentially performed heterotrophic denitrification in the mixotrophic sub-experiments, while Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis preferred autotrophic denitrification in the mixotrophic incubation. These observations were supported by stoichiometric calculations. The results demonstrate the prowess of advanced Raman multi-gas analysis to study substrate use and electron donor preferences in denitrification, based on the comprehensive quantification of complex microbial gas exchange processes.
Loop Groups and QNEC
Authors: Panebianco Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe construct and study solitonic representations of the conformal net associated to some vacuum Positive Energy Representation (PER) of a loop group LG. For the corresponding solitonic states, we prove the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) and the Bekenstein Bound. As an intermediate result, we show that a Positive Energy Representation of a loop group LG can be extended to a PER of $$H^{s}(S^1,G)$$

H
s

(

S
1

,
G
)

for $$s>3/2$$

s
>
3
/
2

, where G is any compact, simple and simply connected Lie group. We also show the existence of the exponential map of the semidirect product $$LG \rtimes R$$

L
G
⋊
R

, with R a one-parameter subgroup of $$\mathrm{Diff}_+(S^1)$$

Diff
+

(

S
1

)

, and we compute the adjoint action of $$H^{s+1}(S^1,G)$$

H

s
+
1

(

S
1

,
G
)

on the stress energy tensor.
Assessment of Biolog EcoplateTM method for functional metabolic diversity of aerotolerant pig fecal microbiota
Authors: Checcucci A. , Luise D. , Modesto M. , Correa F. , Bosi P. , Mattarelli P. , Trevisi Paolo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the last decades, gut microbiota and its role in mammal host development and health have been increasingly investigated. Metabolites produced by gut microbiota can affect intestinal homeostasis and immune system maturity and activation, and in turn, they can influence the health and growth performance of livestock. Therefore, a better understanding of the functional metabolic capability of the gut microbiota would be appreciated by the scientific community. In this study, the BiologTM Ecoplates technology was applied for studying the metabolic potential of the aerotolerant microbial community of pig fecal samples, evaluating the interference of different storage conditions and cell concentrations. The length of time for which a fecal sample maintained detectable and unchanged microbial metabolic activity was also investigated. Two assays aimed to evaluate differences in the metabolic activities between fresh and snap-frozen fecal samples at different dilutions and at different lengths of times of preservation at −80°C were carried out. The biodiversity and the predicted functionality of the entire bacterial community through a targeted metagenomic approach were also explored. The results highlighted that snap freezing of fecal samples preserved the metabolic activity of the microbial community when compared to fresh feces. Sample storage at −80 °C did not significantly affect the metabolic activity of the microbial community, which was stable for 150 days. Furthermore, the highest metabolic activity was detected with 1:2 to 1:5 dilutions of the stock suspension. BiologTM Ecoplates technology is a rapid and useful method to explore microbial communities’ metabolism in animal fecal samples contributing to investigate host animal physiology.

Key points
• Freezing of samples can preserve the functional activity of the aerotolerant microbial community for 150 days.
• The concentration of microbial cells strongly influences metabolic activity detection.
• Sequencing coupled with the BiologTMEcoplates could be a strategy to evaluate the metabolic potential of the microbiota of the fecal sample.

Graphical abstract
A GAN-based approach toward architectural line drawing colorization prototyping
Authors: Sun Qian , Chen Yan , Tao Wenyuan , Jiang Han , Zhang Mu , Chen Kan , Erdt Marius 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLine drawing with colorization is a popular art format and tool for architectural illustration. The goal of this research is toward generating a high-quality and natural-looking colorization based on an architectural line drawing. This paper presents a new Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based method, named ArchGANs, including ArchColGAN and ArchShdGAN. ArchColGAN is a GAN-based line-feature-aware network for stylized colorization generation. ArchShdGAN is a lighting effects generation network, from which the building depiction in 3D can benefit. In particular, ArchColGAN is able to maintain the important line features and the correlation property of building parts as well as reduce the uneven colorization caused by sparse lines. Moreover, we proposed a color enhancement method to further improve ArchColGAN. Besides the single line drawing images, we also extend our method to handle line drawing image sequences and achieve rotation animation. Experiments and studies demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of our proposed method for colorization prototyping.
Progression of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mariani Laura , Ruoppolo Giovanni , Cilfone Armando , Cocchi Chiara , Preziosi Standoli Jacopo , Longo Lucia , Ceccanti Marco , Greco Antonio , Inghilleri Maurizio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLittle is known regarding the optimal timing of dysphagia assessment and PEG indication in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The study aims to investigate the progression of dysphagia in a cohort of ALS patients and to analyse whether there are variables linked to a faster progression of dysphagia and faster indication of PEG placement. A retrospective cohort study in 108 individuals with ALS. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing was performed 6 monthly until PEG indication or death. Dysphagia severity and PEG indication were assessed using Penetration Aspiration Scale. Progression Index (PI) analysed the risk of disease progression (fast/slow) in relation to dysphagia onset and PEG indication. Patients were grouped based on ALS onset and PI. Person-time incidence rates were computed considering dysphagia onset and PEG indication from ALS symptoms during the entire observation period and have been reported as monthly and 6-month rates. Cox regression survival analysis assessed dysphagia and PEG risk factors depending on onset. Person-time incidence rates of dysphagia progression and PEG risk were increased based on type of ALS onset and PI. Patients with a fast progressing disease and with bulbar onset (BO) show statistically significant increased risk of dysphagia (BO 178.10% hazard ratio (HR) = 2.781 P < 0.01; fast 181.10% HR 2.811 P < 0.01). Regarding PEG risk, fast patients and patients with BO had a statistically significant increased risk (fast 147.40% HR 2.474 P < 0.01, BO 165.40% HR 2.654 P < 0.01). Fast PI predicts the likelihood of faster progression of dysphagia and PEG indication and should be included in multidisciplinary assessments and considered in the design of future guidelines regarding dysphagia management in ALS patients.Level of Evidence Level IV.