bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal antibodies facilitate Amyloid-β clearance by activating Fc-receptor-Syk-mediated phagocytosis
Authors: Illouz Tomer , Nicola Raneen , Ben-Shushan Linoy , Madar Ravit , Biragyn Arya , Okun Eitan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMaternal antibodies (MAbs) protect against infections in immunologically-immature neonates. Maternally transferred immunity may also be harnessed to target diseases associated with endogenous protein misfolding and aggregation, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-pathology in Down syndrome (DS). While familial early-onset AD (fEOAD) is associated with autosomal dominant mutations in theAPP,PSEN1,2genes, promoting cerebral Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, DS features a life-long overexpression of theAPPandDYRK1Agenes, leading to a cognitive decline mediated by Aβ overproduction and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although no prenatal screening for fEOAD-related mutations is in clinical practice, DS can be diagnosed in utero. We hypothesized that anti-Aβ MAbs might promote the removal of early Aβ accumulation in the central nervous system of humanAPP-expressing mice. To this end, a DNA-vaccine expressing Aβ1-11was delivered to wild-type female mice, followed by mating with 5xFAD males, which exhibit early Aβ plaque formation. MAbs reduce the offspring’s cortical Aβ levels 4 months after antibodies were undetectable, along with alleviating short-term memory deficits. MAbs elicit a long-term shift in microglial phenotype in a mechanism involving activation of the FcγR1/Syk/Cofilin pathway. These data suggest that maternal immunization can alleviate cognitive decline mediated by early Aβ deposition, as occurs in EOAD and DS.
MAGIs regulate aPKC to enable balanced distribution of intercellular tension for epithelial sheet homeostasis
Authors: Matsuzawa Kenji , Ohga Hayato , Shigetomi Kenta , Shiiya Tomohiro , Hirashima Masanori , Ikenouchi Junichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConstriction of the apical plasma membrane is a hallmark of epithelial cells that underlies cell shape changes in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity in homeostasis. Contractile force is exerted by a cortical actomyosin network that is anchored to the plasma membrane by the apical junctional complexes (AJC). In this study, we present evidence that MAGI proteins, structural components of AJC whose function remained unclear, regulate apical constriction of epithelial cells through the Par polarity proteins. We reveal that MAGIs are required to uniformly distribute Partitioning defective-3 (Par-3) at AJC of cells throughout the epithelial monolayer. MAGIs recruit ankyrin-repeat-, SH3-domain- and proline-rich-region-containing protein 2 (ASPP2) to AJC, which modulates Par-3-aPKC to antagonize ROCK-driven contractility. By coupling the adhesion machinery to the polarity proteins to regulate cellular contractility, we propose that MAGIs play essential and central roles in maintaining steady state intercellular tension throughout the epithelial cell sheet.
Persistent luminescence of transparent ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ thin films from colloidal nanoparticles of tunable size
Authors: Arroyo Encarnación , Medrán Beatriz , Castaing Victor , Lozano Gabriel , Ocaña Manuel , Becerro Ana I. 
Published: March 2021

We report on the fabrication of transparent thin films from colloidal suspensions of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ nanoparticles and the evaluation, for the first time in the literature, of their persistent red to NIR emission.
A low complexity hybrid combiner design for the ill‐conditioned multiuser mmWave massive MIMO uplink
Authors: Ahmed Irfan , Khammari Hedi , Alraddady Fahad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a simple and robust hybrid combiner for the multiuser massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) uplink. The hybrid beamforming is used in massive MIMO systems to reduce the number of radio frequency chains. Radio frequency chain consists of power hungry electronic components like mixer, analog‐to‐digital converter / digital‐to‐analog converter etc. This paper proposes a Householder based hybrid beamforming (HHBF) design to simultaneously reduce the beam domain inter‐user interference and increase the sum‐rate performance of massive MIMO uplink. The Householder reflectors generate the orthogonal analog combiner matrix which not only reduces inter‐user interference but also helps reduce the dimension of the digital combiner. It has been shown that the proposed HHBF scheme provides better sum‐rate performance than the Gram–Schmidt based hybrid beamforming design in the real‐World ill‐conditioned MIMO channel. Simulation results show that the beam domain orthogonality error remains less than 0.5 with 0.97 probability and the proposed HHBF provides increased sum‐rate at dB SNR.
ECG signal classification using capsule neural networks
Authors: Neela Tejashwini , Namburu Swetha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the dominant cause of deaths in the world, of which 90% are curable. The electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electrical stimulus of the heart noninvasively. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) act as one of the powerful machine learning techniques to classify ECG arrhythmia classification and other CVDs. Nonetheless, they have some functional flaws like ignorance of spatial hierarchies between the features and are unable to acquire a rotational invariance. To overcome these problems of CNN, a novel neural network named capsule network (CapsNet) is proposed as an efficient algorithm to provide error‐free implementation of deep learning over the databases. The main focus of this work is to apply and implement CapsNet for ECG signal classification from the MIT‐BIH database and compare its efficiency with the pretrained CNN networks.
Determination of the escape velocity of the Milky Way using a halo sample selected based on proper motion
Authors: Koppelman Helmer H. , Helmi Amina 
Published: March 2021

Context. The Gaia mission has provided the largest catalogue ever of sources with tangential velocity information. However, it is difficult to use this catalogue for dynamical studies because most of the stars lack line-of-sight velocity measurements. Recently, we presented a selection of ∼107 halo stars with accurate distances that were selected based on their photometry and proper motions.
Aims. Using this sample, we model the tail of the velocity distribution in the stellar halo locally and as a function of distance. Our goal is to measure the escape velocity, and based on this, to constrain the mass of our Galaxy.
Methods. We fitted the tail of the velocity distribution with a power-law distribution, a commonly used approach that has long been established. For the first time, we used tangential velocities that were accurately measured for an unprecedented number of halo stars to estimate the escape velocity.
Results. In the solar neighbourhood, we obtain a very precise estimate of the escape velocity, which is 497−8+8 km s−1. This estimate is most likely biased low, our best guess is by 10%. As a result, the true escape velocity is most likely closer to 550 km s−1. The escape velocity directly constrains the total mass of the Milky Way. To find the best-fitting halo mass and concentration parameter, we adjusted the dark (spherical Navarro-Frenk-White) halo of a realistic Milky Way potential while keeping the circular velocity at the solar radius fixed at vc(R⊙) = 232.8 km s−1. The resulting halo parameters are M200+10% = 1.11−0.07+0.08 · 1012 M⊙, and the concentration parameter is c+10% = 11.8−0.3+0.3, where we use the explicit notation to indicate that they are corrected for the 10% bias. The slope of the escape velocity with galactocentric distance is as expected in the inner Galaxy based on Milky Way models. Curiously, we find a disagreement beyond the solar radius where the estimated escape velocity is higher than at the solar radius. This result is likely an effect of a change in the shape of the velocity distribution and could be related to the presence of velocity clumps. A tentative analysis of the escape velocity as a function of (R, z) shows that the slope is shallower than expected for a spherical halo when standard values are used for the characteristic parameters describing the galactic disc.
Effektivität der Ernährungsberatung im Adipositaszentrum gegenüber einer Ernährungsberatung bei externen Kooperationspartnern bei Adipositas-Patienten mit Sleeve-Gastrektomie
Authors: Jannasch Tamara , Putzinger Jens , Ziemek Constanze , Stroh Christine 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Gegenüberstellung der adipositaschirurgischen und konventionellen Ernährungsberatung bei Patienten mit Sleeve-Gastrektomie. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die Analyse der postoperativen Therapieerfolge.
Methodik Zielparameter waren der BMI und die Komorbiditäten Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und arterielle Hypertonie. Diese wurden zum Operationstag sowie ein Jahr postoperativ erhoben. Die retrospektive Datenerhebung erfolgte für 139 Patienten durch die Qualitätssicherung des German Bariatric Surgery Registry.
Ergebnisse Die Analyse für den postoperativen Verlauf ergab für den BMI (p = 0,61) und die Remission des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (p = 0,76) keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Jedoch war in der Gruppe mit konventioneller Ernährungsberatung die Remission für die arterielle Hypertonie knapp doppelt so hoch (p < 0,011, 62 %) wie in der adipositaschirurgischen Ernährungsberatung (35 %).
Schlussfolgerung Eine adäquate ernährungstherapeutische Nachsorge fördert das postoperative Outcome, reduziert Komplikationen und die Inzidenz von Komorbiditäten. Für die komplexe Behandlung der Adipositas und die Sicherung der Therapieerfolge nach adipositaschirurgischen Eingriffen ist ein standardisiertes Konzept für die ernährungstherapeutische Nachbetreuung notwendig. Folglich ist die Bereitstellung künftiger evidenzbasierter Studien unentbehrlich. Diese müssen die präoperative ebenso wie die postoperative Ernährungsberatung einbeziehen.
Conservative Surgery of the Nasal Dorsum: Septal Pyramidal Adjustment and Repositioning
Authors: Dewes Wilson , Zappelini Carlos E.M. , Ferraz Mario B.J. , Neves José Carlos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe term SPAR (septum pyramidal adjustment and repositioning), aims to conserve the nasal dorsum without detachment of the upper lateral nasal cartilage of the nasal septum, based on the Cotte's principles, unlike classical rhinoplasty. The aim of the study is to describe surgical technique of SPAR with the surgical steps used to reviewing the literature on the surgical treatment of the nasal dorsum. This is a less invasive form of rhinoplasty, but no less effective, not being necessary additional techniques to nasal reconstruction, and preservation of essential nasal structures. It is an evolution of push down and the other conservative surgery, making a more modern technique and may be suitable for most types of cavities. More studies are needed, especially comparative, showing the following late sequelae, complications, and their long-term results.
Tissue culture and biological time: Alexis Carrel, Henri Bergson and the plasticity of living matter
Authors: Kelz Rosine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTaking the early tissue culture experiments of Alexis Carrel in the 1910s–1930s as its example, the article explores the relationship between advances in biotechnological control over living matter and a holistic ontology of life, which stresses the temporal specificity of living things. With reference to Henri Bergson, Carrel argued that physiological time depends on an organism’s relationship to its milieu. By developing a laboratory apparatus and culture media, new objects of investigation could be made to live outside the organism and be brought to behave in novel temporal ways. In difference to recent biotechnological advances, like for example genome editing, which seek to ‘engineer’ living organisms by rebuilding them from their DNA up, then, early twentieth century interventionist laboratory practices were often linked to an understanding that biological plasticity results from organismic complexity and interactions between organism and milieu. These notions contributed to shaping laboratory apparatuses and techniques; they also helped to establish an understanding of environmental control that would allow for the production of novel ‘living things’.
Faster high-speed atomic force microscopy for imaging of biomolecular processes
Authors: Fukuda Shingo , Ando Toshio 
Published: March 2021

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) has enabled observing protein molecules during their functional activity at rates of 1–12.5 frames per second (fps), depending on the imaging conditions, sample height, and fragility. To meet the increasing demand for the great expansion of observable dynamic molecular processes, faster HS-AFM with less disturbance is imperatively needed. However, even a 50% improvement in the speed performance imposes tremendous challenges, as the optimization of major rate-limiting components for their fast response is nearly matured. This paper proposes an alternative method that can lower the feedback control error and thereby enhance the imaging rate. This method can be implemented in any HS-AFM system by minor modifications of the software and hardware. The resulting faster and less-disturbing imaging capabilities are demonstrated by the imaging of relatively fragile actin filaments and microtubules near the video rate, and of actin polymerization that occurs through weak intermolecular interactions, at ∼8 fps.
Interlayer couplings in silicon/oxide/nitride thin films via laser crystallizations
Authors: Kim Minyeong , Kang Min Jin , Hwang Eui Sun , Cheong Byoung-Ho 
Published: March 2021

The laser crystallization process that converts amorphous-Si to poly-crystalline-Si has attracted considerable attention owing to its wide industrial applications, such as active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays and photovoltaic devices. Herein, for thin-layer configurations of amorphous-Si/oxide/nitride deposited on a glass substrate, periodic surface ripples on Si induced by irradiation with a solid-state laser at an ultraviolet wavelength of 355 nm were examined using a guided-mode resonance theory. Modeling the periodic textures as one-dimensional gratings demonstrated several resonance peaks in the transmittance spectra, which were similar to the measured spectra. Furthermore, by varying the thickness of oxide (0–300 nm) and nitride (60–120 nm) sublayers, two resonance modes with separations of a few tens of nanometers were predicted for the transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations, respectively. The two-dimensional mode plots and electric and magnetic fields at the resonance wavelengths indicated that the mode couplings were mainly owing to the guided modes propagating in the Si and nitride layers. Because the peak positions and intensity of the resonance modes represent the figure-of-merit of the laser crystallization process, the resonance modes may be employed for the evaluation of the laser crystallization process; this will enable a more efficient evaluation compared to the current manual inspection of diffraction images by human eyes.
Passion matters but not equally everywhere: Predicting achievement from interest, enjoyment, and efficacy in 59 societies
Authors: Li Xingyu , Han Miaozhe , Cohen Geoffrey L. , Markus Hazel Rose 
Published: March 2021

Significance
In three large-scale datasets representing adolescents from 59 societies across the globe, we find evidence of a systematic cultural variation in the relationship between passion and achievement. In individualistic societies, passion better predicts achievement and explains more variance in achievement outcomes. In collectivistic societies, passion still positively predicts achievement, but it is a much less powerful predictor. There, parents’ support predicts achievement as much as passion. One implication of these findings is that if admission officers, recruiters, and managers rely on only one model of motivation, a Western independent one, they may risk passing over and mismanaging talented students and employees who increasingly come from sociocultural contexts where a more interdependent model of motivation is common and effective.
A multi-modal modified feedback self-paced BCI to control the gait of an avatar
Authors: Alchalabi Bilal , Faubert Jocelyn , Labbé David R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have been used to control the gait of a virtual self-avatar with a proposed application in the field of gait rehabilitation. Some limitations of existing systems are: (a) some systems use mental imagery (MI) of movements other than gait; (b) most systems allow the user to take single steps or to walk but do not allow both; (c) most function in a single BCI mode (cue-paced or self-paced). Objective. The objective of this study was to develop a high performance multi-modal BCI to control single steps and forward walking of an immersive virtual reality avatar. Approach. This system used MI of these actions, in cue-paced and self-paced modes. Twenty healthy participants participated in this study, which was comprised of four sessions across four different days. They were cued to imagine a single step forward with their right or left foot, or to imagine walking forward. They were instructed to reach a target by using the MI of multiple steps (self-paced switch-control mode) or by maintaining MI of forward walking (continuous-control mode). The movement of the avatar was controlled by two calibrated regularized linear discriminate analysis classifiers that used the µ power spectral density over the foot area of the motor cortex as a feature. The classifiers were retrained after every session. For a subset of the trials, positive modified feedback (MDF) was presented to half of the participants, where the avatar moved correctly regardless of the classification of the participants’ MI. The performance of the BCI was computed on each day, using different control modes. Main results. All participants were able to operate the BCI. Their average offline performance, after retraining the classifiers was 86.0 ± 6.1%, showing that the recalibration of the classifiers enhanced the offline performance of the BCI (p < 0.01). The average online performance was 85.9 ± 8.4% showing that MDF enhanced BCI performance (p = 0.001). The average performance was 83% at self-paced switch control and 92% at continuous control mode. Significance. This study reports on a first BCI to use motor imagery of the lower limbs in order to control the gait of an avatar with different control modes and different control commands (single steps or forward walking). BCI performance is increased in a novel way by combining three different performance enhancement techniques, resulting in a single high performance and multi-modal BCI system. This study also showed that the improvements due to the effects of MDF lasted for more than one session.
The Vented-box Effect on Thiele-small Parameter Loudspeaker
Authors: Suyatno  , Putrie W P , Indrawati S , Prajitno G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Loudspeaker testing is usually using the Thiele-small parameter. To see the effect of the vented box on loudspeaker quality, Thiele-small parameters in vented box boxes are used. Research carried out by measuring the characteristics of loudspeaker response frequency, impedance, and Thiele small parameters in vented-boxes and panels. One factor affecting the acoustic parameters is the compressed air value generated by the loudspeaker or so-called air compliance. In vented-boxes, there is an effect of compressed air compliance in the box and the air coming from the hole which is causing the pure loudspeaker sound trigger. On the panel, there is no compressed air. From the measurement and results analysis, the ratio of compliance from the box is 8.29: 10.7. This value has impacted the losses of the vented-box. The losses of the vented-box are 0.63% and the losses that happened on the panel is 0,014%. The losses of the enclosure are caused by the shape of the enclosure design and the damping material in it.
Magnetic susceptibility and curie temperature of Co1-xFex alloy nanocube and nanosphere using micromagnetic simulation
Authors: Rohman L , Arkundato A , Mulyani Y T , Djuhana D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
CoFe alloy is one of the competitive candidates for ferromagnetic material because it has a high value in Curie temperature. Magnetic susceptibility and curie temperature of CoFe alloy have been investigated by using micromagnetic simulation. It had done by using Vampire software with the Monte Carlo method. In this work, we have varied Fe(x) composition for 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% in 5nm nanocube and nanosphere geometry of Co1-xFex. The result showed that magnetization value changed to temperature changed. The curie temperature point is the point where the magnetization approaches zero. Magnetic susceptibility value also changed to temperature changed. Curie temperature point of CoFe alloy determined by considering the susceptibility point when it gains the peak of magnetic susceptibility value. It has been corresponding to Curie-Weiss law. Alloy Co80Fe20 nanocube had the highest Curie temperature value of 1500 K. Curie temperature values in the nanocube, and nanosphere geometry had almost the same.
Comparison of Boron Carbide, Gadolinium Oxide, and Hafnium as Qualified Molten Salt Reactor’s Control Rods Material
Authors: Mikhaelia L Y , Suharyana  , Riyatun  , Khakim A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development and research of the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) has recently seize the attention. Lots of MSR designs have been modeled based on its materials, neutronic behaviour, thermal-hydraulic behaviour, and particularly its safety systems. A reactor’s core has been modeled based on the design of ThorCon Reactor using Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 computational code with BeF2-NaF-UF4-ThF4 mixture as the fuelsalt. The core contains 84 hexagonal fuel logs and a hexagonal control rod log. This research compared three different materials of control rods, i.e. B4C, Gd2O3 and Hf. The comparison between those materials are seen according to reactor’s criticality. The keff
at fully withdrawn position is 1.01887 that indicates a critical condition. When the control rods are fully entered the keff
are (0.98293 ± 0.00012); (0.97386 ± 0.00011); (0.99203 ± 0.00012) for control rods’ materials in sequence B4C, Gd2O3 and Hf. The decretion of the criticality shows the materials’ ability to absorb the neutron. The lower the criticality, the better material’s absorption ability.