bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Economic Growth: Use of Brick Waste Powder in Oil Well Cement Applications
Authors: Chawla Tamanjot Singh , Hazra Abhinav , Raigar R. K , Lal Kishori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The construction waste generated annually in India is around 165-175 million tonnes, as per 2019 India's insights. This paper investigates the use of brick waste (B/W) as an aggregate in Oil Well cement and studies it's viability. Bricks are made from calcination of alumino-silicate clay hence they are expected to have artificial pozzolanic material. The addition of B/W significantly influences particle volume fraction, which is further elaborated in this paper.
The construction industry in India is booming. Already at 10 percent of the GDP, it has been growing at an annual rate of 10 percent over the last 10 years against the world's average of 5.5 percent per annum and the built-up area is expected to grow 5 times by 2030. This will lead to a subsequent increase in construction waste, including brick waste. As per TIFAC (Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council), a Government of India agency, a new construction generates 40-60 kg of brick waste per sq. meter.
An Integrated Approach for the Modelling of Silicon Carbide Components Laser Milling Process
Authors: Leone Claudio , Genna Silvio , Tagliaferri Vincenzo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with characterisation and modelling of laser milling process on Silicon Carbide hard ceramic. To this end, a Yb:YAG pulsed fiber laser was adopted to mill Silicon Carbide bars. Square pockets, 5x5 mm2 in plane dimension, were machined at the maximum nominal average power (30W), under different laser process parameters: pulse frequency, scan speed, hatching distance, repetitions and scanning strategy. After machining, the achieved depth and the roughness parameters were measured by way of digital microscopy and 3D surface profiling, respectively. In addition, the material removal rate was calculated as the ratio between the removed volume/process time. ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) was adopted to assess the effect of the process parameters on the achieved depth, the material removal rate (MRR) and roughness parameters, while Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neuronal Networks (ANNs) were adopted to model the process behaviours. Results show that both RSM and ANNs fault in MRR and RSm roughness parameters modelling. Thus, an integrated approach was developed to overcome the issue; the approach is based on the use of the RSM model to obtain a hybrid Training dataset for the ANNs. The results show that the approach can allow improvement in model accuracy.
Correlation of metabolic factors with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer: development and assessment of a new predictive nomogram
Authors: Zhang He , Kong Weimin , Han Chao , Liu Tingting , Li Jing , Song Dan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association of metabolic factors with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer, and to develop a Nomogram model to predict the risk of developing endometrial cancer.Patients and methods: A total of 205 patients with 102 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia and 103 cases of endometrial carcinoma treated by the Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015 were collected as the study group. And 205 patients with simple endometrial hyperplasia or polyp hyperplasia in the same period were selected as the control group using age-matched method. Laboratory results of metabolic factors such as blood pressure (BP), glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were retrieved from the clinical data of two groups of patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with endometrial malignant hyperplasia and to develop a nomogram prediction model of risk factors associated with endometrial malignant hyperplasia. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the predicting model were assessed using the C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis. Internal validation was assessed using the bootstrapping validation.Results: Predictors included in the Nomogram prediction model included hypertension, diabetes, BMI, uric acid, hyperlipidemia and CA199. The model had a C-index of 0.782 (95% confidence interval 0.738-0.826) with good discrimination and good calibration. A high C-index value of 0.771 could still be reached in the interval validation. Decision curve analysis showed that it is meaningful to use this Nomogram for patient interventions when the threshold probability is within 22-86%.Conclusion: The development of endometrial malignant hyperplasia is significantly associated with metabolic factors. BMI>25, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia are the main risk factors for the development of endometrial malignant hyperplasia. Hypertension, hyperglycemia and elevated CA199 were also associated with the development of endometrial malignant hyperplasia in our study. The Nomogram prediction model based on physical examination and laboratory testing developed in this study can be used as a rapid method for predicting the risk of endometrial malignancy development and screening for risk factors in a population of women with metabolism-related high-risk factors.
Evaluation of timber floor in-plane retrofitting interventions on the seismic response of masonry structures by DEM analysis: a case study
Authors: Gubana Alessandra , Melotto Massimo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The seismic response of existing masonry structures is strongly influenced by floor and roof in-plane properties. An in-plane strengthening intervention is often needed on traditional timber floors to overcome their low in-plane stiffness and to preserve historical buildings. In this study, the effect of un-stiffened and stiffened timber floors on the seismic behaviour of an existing listed masonry building is investigated with dynamic non-linear analyses by means of the Discrete Element Method (DEM). With this approach, the failure processes and collapse sequences of masonry structures can be followed in detail. A previously developed model of the floor cyclic behaviour, based on experimental data, is here applied in the DEM models of the masonry building. Different seismic ground accelerations, different floor types and different wall-to-diaphragm connections are considered. The results highlight the effectiveness of the analysed floor strengthening solution in reducing the out-of-plane displacements of masonry walls. With adequate connections, the reinforced floor is able to transfer the seismic forces to the shear resistant walls up to the shear-sliding collapse of the side walls of the structure. A comparison with the ideal rigid diaphragm case confirms the good performance of the strengthened floors. The small observed out-of-plane displacements are compatible with the masonry wall capacity, and the reinforced floor hysteretic cycles contribute to dissipating part of the input energy. Moreover, different designs of the connections can also cap the transferred seismic forces to an acceptable level for seismic resistant walls.
What is the Effect of Splenic Involvement Sites in Advanced Ovarian, Tubal and Peritoneal Epithelial Cancer on Overall Survival?
Authors: Ayhan Ali , Kucukyildiz Irem , Akilli Huseyin , Gunakan Emre , Serbetcioglu Gonca Coban , Haberal Nihan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the significance of parenchymal, hilar, and capsular involvement of the spleen with regard to the overall survival of patients who required a splenectomy during cytoreduction procedures for primary or recurrent cancer. Methods: This study includes data from 287 patients who underwent a splenectomy during optimal cytoreduction in epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers. Spleen involvement regions were divided into four main groups, and the groups were classified as capsule, hilus, capsule + hilus, and other region involvement (paranchyma ± other(s) involvement site). The overall survivals of these four groups were compared.Results: The mean age of the study group was 57.9 years, and the mean follow-up period of the patients was 43.2 months. The splenic involvement site was most frequently observed as hilus + capsule (42.2% n:121). Splenic parenchymal involvement was present in 27.9% (n: 80) of the patients. The overall survival for patients was 42 months. In the subgroup analysis, the worst overall survival was found in the group with capsule involvement at 33 months.Conclusion: While parenchymal involvement of the spleen was considered to be stage IV according to FIGO staging, we could not detect low overall survival in patients with parenchymal involvement in our study. Our study, which has the largest number in the literature examining the relationship between splenic involvement and overall survival, can provide a remarkable perspective on the relationship between parenchymal involvement of the spleen and prognosis.
Biometric-Based Remote Mutual Authentication Scheme for Mobile Device
Authors: Chen Sheng-Kai , Leu Jenq-Shiou , Wen-Bin Hsieh , Wang Jui-Tang , Song Tian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Remote user authentication schemes provide a system to verify the legitimacy of remote users’ authentication request over insecure communication channel. In last years, many authentication schemes using password and smart card have been proposed. However, password might be revealed or forgotten and smart card might be shared, lost or stolen. In contrast, the biometrics, such as face, ﬁngerprint or iris, have no such weakness. With the trend of mobile payment, more and more applications of mobile payment use biometrics to replace password and smart card. In this paper, we propose a biometric-based remote authentication scheme substituting biometric and mobile device bounded by user for password and smart card. This scheme is more convenient, suitable and securer than the schemes using smart cards on mobile payment environment.
Sensitization of the UPR by Loss of PPP1R15A Promotes Fibrosis and Senescence in IPF
Authors: Monkley Susan , Overed-Sayer Catherine , Parfrey Helen , Rassl Doris , Crowther Damian , Escudero-Ibarz Leire , Davis Nicola , Carruthers Alan , Berks Richard , Coetzee Marisa , Kolosionek Ewa , Karlsson Maria , Clausen Maryam , Belfield Graham , Hogaboam Cory , Murray Lynne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a direct consequence of cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and a key disease driving mechanism in IPF. The resolution of the UPR is directed by PPP1R15A (GADD34) and leads to the restoration of normal ribosomal activity. While the role of PPP1R15A has been explored in lung epithelial cells, the role of this UPR resolving factor has yet to be explored in lung mesenchymal cells. The objective of the current study was to determine the expression and role of PPP1R15A in IPF fibroblasts and in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model. A survey of IPF lung tissue revealed that PPP1R15A expression was markedly reduced. Targeting PPP1R15A in primary fibroblasts modulated TGF-b-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-challenged mice. Interestingly, the loss of PPP1R15A appeared to promote lung fibroblast senescence. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the major role of PPP1R15A in the regulation of lung mesenchymal cells, and regulation of PPP1R15A may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in IPF.
Course of Lactate, pH and Base Excess for Prediction of Mortality in Medical Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Schork Anja , Moll Kathrin , Haap Michael , Riessen Reimer , Wagner Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: As base excess (BE) had shown superiority over lactate as a prognostic parameter in intensive care unit (ICU) surgical patients we aimed to evaluate course of lactate, base excess and pH for prediction of mortality of medical ICU patients. Materials and Methods: For lactate, pH and base excess, values at the admission to ICU, at 24 ± 4 hours, maximum / minimum in the first 24 hours and in 24 – 48 hours after admission were collected from all patients admitted to the Medical ICU of the University Hospital Tübingen between January 2016 until December 2018 and investigated for prediction of in-hospital-mortality. Results: Mortality in the cohort of 4067 patients was 22 % and significantly correlated with all evaluated parameters. Strongest predictors of mortality determined by ROC were maximum lactate in 24 h (AUROC 0.74, cut off 2.7 mmol/L, hazard ratio of risk group with value > cut off 3.20) and minimum pH in 24 h (AUROC 0.71, cut off 7.31, hazard ratio for risk group 2.94). Kaplan Meier Curves stratified across these cut offs showed early and clear separation. Hazard ratios per standard deviation increase were highest for maximum lactate in 24 h (HR 1.65), minimum base excess in 24 h (HR 1.56) and minimum pH in 24 h (HR 0.75). In multiple logistic regression analysis, age, minimum pH in 24 h, pH at 24 h after admission, maximum lactate in 24 h, maximum lactate in 24 – 48 h, minimum base excess in 24 h and minimum base excess in 24 – 48 h were independent predictors of mortality. Discussion: Lactate, pH and base excess were all suitable predictors of mortality in internal ICU patients, with maximum / minimum values in 24 and 24-48 h after admission altogether stronger predictors than values at admission. Base excess and pH were not superior to lactate for prediction of mortality.
Conserved Aquaporins in Gossypium and Silencing of Ghpip2;7 and Ghtip2;1 Decreased Salt and Osmotic Stress Tolerances in Upland Cotton
Authors: Guo Anhui , Hao Jianfeng , Su Ying , Li Bin , Zhu Meng , Ma Xingkun , Huang Yi , Tian Baoming , Shi Gongyao , Hua Jinping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aquaporins (aquaporin), membrane channel proteins, facilitate the transport of water and small molecules across intrinsic membranes and play a critical role in abiotic stresses. Here, 111, 54, and 56 candidate AQP genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum (AD1), G. arboreum (A2), and G. raimondii (D5), and classified into five subfamilies including PIP, TIP, NIP, SIP, and XIP, respectively. Some GhPIPs and GhTIPs exhibited high expression levels in drought and salt stress verified by transcriptome analysis and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The chlorophyll content, SOD activity, and POD activity were decreased in GhPIP2;7 gene-silenced plants versus the control (using blank vector) under 400 mM NaCl treatment, which indicated a negative role of GhPIP2;7 in cotton salt tolerance. Comparing with mock plants, GhTIP2;1 silenced cotton plant was more sensitive to osmotic stress. Overexpressed GhTIP2;1 plants exhibited less accumulation of H2O2 and MDA with higher proline contents detected under osmotic stress. Taken together these results, provide in-depth knowledge into plant response to abiotic stress and gene resource.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clay After Heating in Different Oxygen Levels and Cooling With Different Methods
Authors: Dong Zhihao , Sun Qiang , Zhang Weiqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Clay is a vital industrial raw material, and its physical and mechanical properties undergo significant changes when heated at high temperatures. A good understanding of those properties can provide details on the best use of clay, and may eventually facilitate new application areas. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of clay after exposure to high temperatures at two different oxygen levels and cooled in two different ways are studied. In the experiment, the clay samples are heated at high temperatures in anoxic conditions and air. The anoxic conditions are facilitated by a closed crucible. After the sample reaches the target temperature (400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C and 900°C), it is cooled to room temperature slowly in the furnace. The samples that are heated in air are either cooled in the furnace or quenched in water. Finally, the appearance of the clay samples in terms of their surface color and development of cracks, as well as their shrinkage, mass loss, hardness, strength and deformation, and the color of the core are examined and measured. The results show that the color of the surface of the clay samples heated in anoxic conditions and air significantly differs, and the color of the core is grayish black at temperatures that are below 800°C, which is possibly related to the oxidation and reduction of iron ions. Cracks in the clay samples partially offset shrinkage. The clay samples quenched in water show larger cracks and lower compressive strength. The mass of the samples does not change at temperatures that exceed 800°C. The hardness also does not change at temperatures that are higher than 700°C. In summary, temperatures between 700°C and 800°C have the most impact on clay because many of the physical properties (including their surface color and color of the core, shrinkage, mass, hardness, and strength) vary greatly at this temperature range.
Effect of Tensile Strain on Performance Parameters of Different Structures of MoS2 Monolayer
Authors: kaushal Priya , Chaudhary Tarun , Khanna Gargi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present work is based on the computational study of MoS2 monolayer and effect of tensile strain on its atomic level structure. The bandgap for MoS2 monolayer, defected MoS2 monolayer and Silicon-doped monolayer are 1.82 eV (direct bandgap), 0.04 (indirect bandgap) and 1.25eV (indirect bandgap), respectively. The impact of tensile strain (0-0.7%) on the bandgap and effective mass of charge carriers of these three MoS2 structure has been investigated. The bandgap decrease of 5.76%, 31.86% and 6.03% has been observed in the three structures for biaxial strain while the impact of uniaxial strain is quite low. The impact of higher temperature on the bandgap under biaxial tensile strain has been also analyzed in this paper. These observations are extremely important for 2D material-based research for electronic applications.
Machine Learning for Warpage Prediction of Fused Deposition Modelling Processed Parts
Authors: Nardi Davide 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper provides a methodology for the application of a machine learning-based framework for fused deposition modelling manufacturing. The approach was developed to take into account the influence of the material, the part geometry, the process parameters on the maximum part warpage defined by the user. The results showed the effectiveness of machine learning for both classification and regression purposes so that the printability of the part is firstly provided, based on the selected warpage threshold, and secondly, the part warpage can be predicted within the problem design space variables, i.e. part material, part height, part length, and layer thickness. The limitations of the use of the analytic equation as a data-points generator are widely discussed, along with the future research based on the obtained preliminary results. In conclusion, the described methodology represents a concrete step towards a first-time-right strategy in the field of manufacturing processes.
Hypoxic Tumor-Derived Exosomes Induce M2 Macrophage Polarization via AMPK/p38 To Promote Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Lan Yu , Li Yuqun , Li Zhenxing , Pu Jinding , Wei Liping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Hypoxia is a major regulator of tumor aggressiveness and metastasis in cancer progression. Exosomes (exos) play an important role in the communication between lung cancer and hypoxic microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely undefined.
Methods

Exos isolated from A549 cells under hypoxia conditions. Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis were carried out to characterize exos. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, wound healing and transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of A549 cells, respectively. The M2 polarization of macrophages was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. In vivo nude mice model was established to determine the regulatory effect of hypoxia/exos on the progression of lung cancer.
Results

Hypoxic A549 cell-derived exos (hypoxia/exos) promoted the proliferation and migration, and inhibited the apoptosis in A549 cells. The expression of PKM2 was significantly upregulated in hypoxia/exos. Hypoxic exosomal PKM2 induced M2 polarization of macrophages by activating AMPK/p38 pathway. Co-culture with hypoxia/exos-treated macrophages enhanced the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells. Moreover, treatment with hypoxia/exos facilitated the tumor growth and lung metastasis of A549 cells.
Conclusions

Our findings reveal that hypoxic exosomal PKM2 induces M2 macrophage polarization via AMPK/p38 pathway, and thus exerts a simulative effect on the growth and metastasis of lung carcinoma.
Intraorbital Mercury Removal by DSA Positioning and Route Marking: A 4-year Follow-up
Authors: Cai Yuting , Wei Xin , Zhu Hui , Chen Baihua , Li Yun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Mercury is a widely used heavy metal. Traumatic mercury residue often leads to contact dermatitis, granuloma, even chronic poisoning. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, mercury beads can be difficult to retrieve, especially in the eyes. Most previous studies have focused only on the rigid orbital foreign bodies rather than the injuries related to liquid heavy metal and their extraction method.Methods: We reported a case of thermometer-related orbital injuries in a 4-year-old boy. To better locate, visualize and remove the mercury beads without complications, a Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)-guided, methylene blue marked access was taken, followed by further removal of scattered tiny mercury droplets with an adapted aspirator. Result: At least 0.7411g mercury was taken out during the surgery. After a four-year follow-up, the boy had no residual symptoms, with his urine mercury decreased gradually.Conclusion: Assessing the risk-return coefficient and making an appropriate therapeutic plan is an integral part of the pursuit of therapeutic progress. With the guidance of DSA and methylene blue, the suction of the reformative aspirator, we finally locate the mercury beads, maximize the removal of beads, reduce the length and depth of incisions, and keep the essential structures intact. Hence, we found it a valuable surgical skill on such occasions, worth sharing for future references.
ortho-Ethynyl group assisted regioselective and diastereoselective [2+2] cross-photocycloaddition of alkenes
Authors: Xie Xiaofei , Pan Hong , Zhou Tai-Ping , Han Man-Yi , Li Pinhua , Geng Xiao , Ma Yongmin , Liao Rong-Zhen , Wang Zhi-Ming , Yang Jianguo , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A highly regioselective and diastereoselective [2+2] cross-photocycloaddition between the electron-poor and electron-rich/electron-neutral alkenes under visible-light irradiation was developed. In the absence of an external photocatalyst, the substrates 1 and 4 reacted with rigid cyclic alkoxyethenes to generate (cis,cis)-anti-head-to-head heterocoupled [2+2] products in high yields with regiospecificity and good diastereoselectivity. Meanwhile, the reactions of 1 and 4 with (Z)- and (E)-1,2-diphenylethenes yielded the desired products in good yields with a high ratio of d.r. It is important to note that no geometric isomerization of olefins was observed during the reaction. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations suggested that 1 and 4 having ortho-ethynyl and cyano groups as a self-photocatalyst play a very important role in the reaction and a five-membered ring diradical intermediate (Int1) was formed via an intramolecular radical addition. The obtained regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity were confirmed by X-ray structural analysis of the representative products.