bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Capacity for Integrated Occupational Safety, Health, and Well-Being Initiatives Using Guidelines for Total Worker Health® Approaches
Authors: Pronk Nicolaas P. , McLellan Deborah L. , Dennerlein Jack T. , Anderson Paul , Karapanos Melissa , Nagler Eve , Schmidt Devyne , Spoonheim Joel , Wallace Lorraine M. , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
To describe the process used to build capacity for wider dissemination of a Total Worker Health® (TWH) model using the infrastructure of a health and well-being vendor organization.

Methods:
A multiple-case study mixed-methods design was used to learn from a year-long investigation of the experiences by participating organizations.

Results:
Increased capacity for TWH solutions was observed as evidenced by the participation, plans of action, and experience ratings of the participating organizations. The planning process was feasible and acceptable, although the challenges of dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic only afforded two of the three worksites to deliver a comprehensive written action plan.

Conclusions:
A suite of services including guidelines, trainings, and technical assistance is feasible to support planning, acceptable to the companies that participated, and supports employers in applying the TWH knowledge base into practice.
The value of faculty during student on-site evaluations
Authors: Roberts Mary Ellen E. , Ruppert Susan D. , Tyler Diane O. , Meadows Richard F. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board recognizes the value of nurse practitioner faculty in evaluating students at the clinical site. The Board of Commissioners recently approved the awarding of clinical hours to nurse practitioner faculty for clinical site visits. This article outlines the rationale and procedure for conducting and documenting student visits that can be applied to recertification.
Utilization of SEMAC-VAT MRI for Improved Visualization of Posterior Fossa Structures in Patients With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Amin Nikul , Pai Irumee , Touska Philip , Connor Steve E. J. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The number of cochlear implant (CI) users is ever increasing worldwide, as is the utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a key diagnostic modality for pathology of the brain and surrounding structures. Despite advances in MRI compatibility with CI, metal artefact remains a significant issue that needs to be addressed. We test our hypothesis that the slice encoding for metal artefact correction and view angle tilting (SEMAC-VAT) metal artefact reduction technique improves demonstration of posterior fossa structures on MRI in CI recipients.

Study Design:
A retrospective case review.

Setting:
A tertiary referral hearing implant and skull base center.

Intervention(s):
Dedicated MRI of the posterior fossa using T1 spin echo post-gadolinium sequences with and without the application of SEMAC-VAT in CI recipients.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Extent and severity of the artefact and visualization of surrounding anatomic structures with and without the application of SEMAC-VAT, allowing for direct comparison.

Results:
Eight CI recipients with nine CI devices were analyzed. We noted a significant reduction in signal void and improved visibility of the ipsilateral hemisphere in every case. Penumbra size increased although there was improved visibility through the penumbra. There was improved visualization of key intracranial structures, such as the ipsilateral internal auditory canal, cerebellopontine angle, cerebellar hemisphere, and brainstem.

Conclusions:
Application of SEMAC-VAT produces a significant reduction in signal void and improved visualization of key structures within the temporal bone and posterior cranial fossa in patients with CIs without the need for removal of the internal magnet.
Clinical Implementation of Second-generation Minimally Invasive Image-guided Cochlear Implantation Surgery
Authors: Labadie Robert F. , Riojas Katherine , Von Wahlde Kathleen , Mitchell Jason , Bruns Trevor , Webster Robert , Dawant Benoit , Fitzpatrick J. Michael , Noble Jack 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Minimally invasive, image-guided cochlear implantation (CI) surgery consists of drilling a precise tunnel from the surface of the mastoid cortex through the facial recess to target the scala tympani. In the first set of clinical trials of this technique, heat-induced facial nerve paresis (House-Brackmann II/VI) occurred on a patient on the last day of the initial trial which was scheduled to be halted secondary to a change in the regulatory requirements dictated by the 2012 the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act requiring Investigational Device Exemption approval for previously exempted customized medical device testing. To address this adverse event, extensive changes were made to the drilling protocol; additionally, a custom insertion tool was developed. To address the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, an Investigational Device Exemption was submitted and, subsequently approved. Herein is described our first clinical implementation of the modified technique.

Patient:
Seventy-year-old with profound, postlingual sensorineural hearing loss who had previously undergone right CI via traditional approach in 2015.

Intervention:
Minimally invasive image-guided left CI.

Main Outcome Measure:
Time of intervention, final location of CI electrode array within cochlea.

Results:
Surgery took 155 minutes of which the largest components (in descending order) were soft tissue work, closure, and drilling. Full scala tympani insertion with angular insertion depth of 557 degrees of the electrode array was achieved. There were no complications, and the patient had an uneventful recovery and activation.

Conclusions:
Minimally invasive, image-guided CI surgery is achievable and reduces the mastoid depression associated with traditional CI surgery.

ClinicalTrials.gov information:
Study NCT03101917, Microtable Microstereotactic Frame and Drill Press and Associated Method for Cochlear Implantation

Level of Evidence:
Case Report.
Cost-Utility Analysis of Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Adults With Severe to Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Poland
Authors: Skarzynski Piotr Henryk , Ciesla Katarzyna , Lorens Artur , Wojcik Joanna , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The aim of the study was to develop a Markov model and apply it for the evaluation of three different treatment scenarios for adult patients with severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

Study Design:
Prospective Observational Study.

Settings:
Hospital.

Patients:
A clinical group of 22 adult patients (59.1% men, 40.9% women) aged from 59.13 ± 8.9 years were included in the study. The study comprised two arms: patients in group 1 received the second cochlear implant one to three months after the first implant; while patients in group 2 got the second cochlear implant approximately one year after the first implant.

Main Outcome Measures:
All participants were first asked to complete an AQoL-8D questionnaire. For the cost-effectiveness analyses, a Markov model analyzed as microsimulation was developed to compare the different treatment options.

Results:
The analyses show that bilateral cochlear implantation strategies are cost-effective compared to the ‘no treatment’ alternative when having a 10-year model time horizon. When all three model scenarios are compared, the bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation strategy (Scenario 3) compared to the ‘no treatment’ option is even more cost-effective than the Scenarios 1 and 2, compared with the ’no treatment’ alternative.

Conclusions:
The model results summarize that bilateral (sequential and simultaneous) cochlear implantation that are represented in the model scenarios, are cost-effective strategies for Polish adult patients with bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Underreporting of Vestibular Schwannoma Incidence Within National Brain Tumor and Cancer Registries in the United States
Authors: Marinelli John P. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Lohse Christine M. , Holton Sara J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Reports using large brain tumor and cancer registries suggest that the incidence of vestibular schwannoma is considerably lower in the United States compared with other countries. The current study compares the incidence and disease characteristics of vestibular schwannoma within a large tertiary referral center's brain tumor and cancer registry using nationally mandated reporting protocols to disease incidence in the same population using an externally validated population-based consortium.

Study Design:
Population-based study spanning 1,945,007 person-years.

Setting:
Large tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Adults with sporadic vestibular schwannoma.

Main Outcome Measure:
Disease incidence rates from 2004 to 2016.

Results:
From 2004 to 2016, the incidence of vestibular schwannoma in the tumor registry was 1.3 per 100,000 person-years whereas the population-based cohort had an incidence of 4.4 per 100,000 person-years. From 2012 to 2016, the incidence in the tumor registry was 1.4 per 100,000 person-years compared with 5.2 in the population-based cohort. Patients within the population-based cohort were significantly more likely to have smaller tumors at diagnosis (78% intracanalicular versus 45%; p = 0.004) and consequently more likely to undergo management consisting of observation with serial imaging as opposed to treatment with either microsurgery or radiosurgery (71% versus 28%; p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The reliance on pathology specimens and cancer-related treatment data for the national registration of new cancer and brain tumor diagnoses may introduce selection bias and underreporting of benign brain tumors that frequently involve observation as a primary treatment modality. This selection bias likely accounts for the discrepant incidence rates of vestibular schwannoma reported between the United States and other countries.
The features of the typical traumatic brain injury patient in the ICU are changing: what will this mean for the intensivist?
Authors: Newcombe Virginia F.J. , Chow Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
To describe the key features and epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and how they may be changing, with an emphasis on how this may affect care in the intensive care unit.

Recent findings
TBI has been traditionally perceived as occurring mainly in a younger, predominantly male population injured in high velocity motor vehicle crashes or assaults. However, there are an increasing number of patients over 65 years who have sustained a TBI secondary to low velocity falls. Considering the effects of frailty, comorbidities and extracranial injuries is important when making management decisions. Mild TBI comprises a third of those admitted and as a significant proportion may have poor outcomes secondary to their TBI they should be assessed to ensure appropriate follow-up. Multimodal monitoring may offer a way in the future to offer more personalised management to this very complex and heterogeneous patient group.

Summary
This review highlights the urgent need to develop more age-inclusive TBI consensus management guidelines aimed at improving short- and long-term outcomes for the large and growing TBI population. Being elderly does not necessarily portend a poor outcome, and more research is needed to better triage, guide management and prognosticate on these patients.
Donor-specific antibody and sensitized patients in intestinal transplantation
Authors: Matsumoto Cal S. , Rosen-Bronson Sandra 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
It has been well established that antibody to donor HLA pretransplant and the development of anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies posttransplant contribute to inferior graft survival outcomes. This article serves to review the current status of the management of pretransplant sensitized intestinal transplant candidate as well as to review posttransplant care of patients that harbor antidonor HLA antibodies.

Recent findings
The intestinal transplant candidate oftentimes presents for transplant listing with high levels of anti-HLA antibodies that necessitate a careful preoperative strategy to avoid a donor–recipient pair that would result in a positive crossmatch. In the end, donor intestine offer acceptance is based on a balance between recipient clinical needs and allowable immunologic risk tolerance. The use of virtual crossmatching (VXM) enables the transplant center to effectively gauge the immunologic risk of each potential donor–recipient pair far in advance of allocating resources toward pursuing a donor organ. In those candidates with high levels of preformed donor anti-HLA antibodies, desensitization with a novel technique of donor splenic perfusion has been described as well as a single-center experience with a conventional desensitizing protocol. Posttransplant, with the use of a denovo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA) monitoring and treatment protocol, the well known deleterious effects of dnDSA can potentially be ameliorated, thus improving outcome. Efforts to establish a formal histologic criteria for antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in the intestinal graft continues to evolve with recent findings describing the relationship between DSA and histopathologic findings.

Summary
Techniques such as the use of VXM, novel desensitization methods and protocols, monitoring and eradicating dnDSA, along with establishing new criteria for ABMR have all contributed to improving the outcomes in transplanting the immunologically challenging intestine.
Influence of Family History on Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Fu Yinan , Thomas Ron , Cares Kristen 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe influence of family history on children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the clinical profile and management differences between children with a family history of IBS (FH‐IBS) versus without. A total of 251 children were included in the study, 75 (30%) had FH‐IBS and 176 (70%) did not. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in sex composition, age at initial visit, age of IBS diagnosis, dietary modifications, supplements, laxatives, antispasmodics, antidiarrheals, and cyproheptadine use. Children with FH‐IBS were, however, more like to have psychological comorbidities (41% vs 23%, P = 0.003), and were more likely to receive psychological counseling (49% vs 23%, P < 0.001) and antidepressant treatment (36% vs 15%, P < 0.001) versus children without. We concluded that children with FH‐IBS are more likely to have underlying psychological disorders and receive psychological interventions.
The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Diagnosis in Oregon
Authors: Menza Timothy W. , Zlot Amy I. , Garai Jillian , Humphrey Sarah , Ferrer Josh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae/Chlamydia trachomatis, and syphilis testing decreased with the implementation of mitigation measures for SARS-CoV-2 and did not return to 2019 levels by September 2020. However, primary and secondary syphilis diagnoses increased during mitigation measures. Sexual health services are essential during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Relationship Between Psychiatric Inpatient Beds and Jail Populations in the United States
Authors: GAO Y. NINA 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The US criminal justice system has witnessed dramatic increases in its mentally ill population during the past 50 years. The decreasing number of psychiatric beds is one proposed cause and more psychiatric beds may be one solution.

Objective:
This study examined the relationships among large changes in local psychiatric bed capacity, local jail inmate populations, and the psychiatric burden at local general hospitals.

Methods:
The study used a kernel method to identify abrupt changes in psychiatric bed capacity using the American Hospital Association Survey and Medicare Provider of Services data. Data were aggregated to the hospital referral region–year level and matched to the National Inpatient Sample of hospital discharges 1988-2015 and the Annual Survey of Jails 1985-2014. Subsequent analysis by event study examined the effect of abrupt bed changes on numbers of jail inmates.

Results:
Decreases in local psychiatric bed capacity were associated with an average increase of 256.2 jail inmates (95% confidence interval: 3.3-509.1). Increases in psychiatric bed capacity were associated with an average decrease of 199.3 jail inmates (95% confidence interval: −457.4 to 58.8). There was limited evidence for spillovers to general hospitals immediately following decreases in psychiatric beds.

Conclusions:
Decreases in local psychiatric bed capacity appear to be associated with subsequent increases in local jail populations. There was no clear evidence of treatment shifting from psychiatric units to local general hospitals. These findings support concerns that a consequence of reducing psychiatric inpatient bed capacity is an increase in the jail population due to more psychiatrically ill inmates, aggravating the challenge of psychiatric treatment delivery within the US criminal justice system.
Exercise ECG for coronary artery disease screening in people living with HIV
Authors: Muccini Camilla , Galli Laura , Poli Andrea , Godino Cosmo , Gianotti Nicola , Nozza Silvia , Giusti Maria C. , Lazzarin Adriano , Margonato Alberto , Castagna Antonella , Spagnuolo Vincenzo 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death among people living with HIV (PLWH). We evaluated ECG stress testing (EST) for detecting CAD in PLWH with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods:
CORDIS was a cross-sectional study conducted in PLWH. Inclusion criteria were men at least 50 years or postmenopausal women, HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml and at least one of the following cardiovascular risk factor: familial history of CAD, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or diabetes. Patients with a previous diagnosis of CAD or with cardiac symptoms were excluded. EST was performed concomitantly with bilateral carotid color-Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) and evaluated by a cardiologist. Results were described by median (interquartile range) or frequency (%). Logistic regression was applied to evaluate predictive factors of inducible myocardial ischemia (IMI).

Results:
EST and CDU were performed in 309 individuals; IMI prevalence was 7.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0–11.0%]. Among patients with a normal CDU, no cases of IMI were observed. In people with abnormal CDU, IMI prevalence increased accordingly with the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score: 10.2%, 16.9%, 19.7%, 27.8% and 30.4% among individuals with ASCVD score 7.5% or less, more than 7.5%, more than 10%, more than 15% and more than 20%, respectively (P for trend: 0.02). At multivariate analysis, ASCVD risk score was associated with EST suggestive of IMI (adjusted odds ratio for 1% increase = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.13, P = 0.005) and with confirmed IMI (adjusted odds ratio for 1% increase = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04–1.19, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Prevalence of IMI was 7.4% in the CORDIS study. We suggest EST as first-line screening for CAD in PLWH without cardiac symptoms, with an abnormal CDU and a high ASCVD risk score.
Cardiac Transplantation in HIV-Positive Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Wairimu Faith , Ward Natalie C. , Liu Yingwei , Dwivedi Girish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, patients infected with HIV experienced poor prognosis including high rates of opportunistic infections, rapid progression to AIDS, and significant mortality. Increased life expectancy after therapeutic improvements has led to an increase in other chronic diseases for these patients, including cardiovascular disease and, in particular, end-stage heart failure. Historically, HIV infection was deemed an absolute contraindication for transplantation. Since the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy, however, life expectancy for HIV-positive patients has significantly improved. In addition, there is a low incidence of opportunistic infections and the current antiretrovirals have an improved toxicity profile. Despite this, the current status of cardiac transplants in HIV-positive patients remains unclear. With this in mind, we conducted a narrative review on cardiac transplantation in patients with HIV.
Biomarkers in sepsis: can they help improve patient outcome?
Authors: Kyriazopoulou Evdoxia , Poulakou Garyfallia , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
Biomarkers, mainly procalcitonin, are commonly used in sepsis diagnosis, prognosis and treatment follow-up. This review summarizes the potential benefit of their use for the critically ill.

Recent findings
Increased clinical evidence from randomized clinical trials of biomarker-guided treatment suggests a trend for appropriate but short antimicrobial treatment for the critically ill. Procalcitonin (PCT) is the most studied biomarker; in the majority of randomized clinical trials, the use of a stopping rule of antibiotics on the day when PCT is below 80% from baseline or less than 0.5 ng/ml was proven effective to reduce length of antimicrobial treatment, antibiotic-associated adverse events and infectious complications like infections by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile. Survival benefit was also noted.

Summary
Biomarkers, mainly PCT, may help improve sepsis outcome by restriction of injudicious antimicrobial use.
Emerging Imaging Biomarkers in Crohn Disease
Authors: Bane Octavia , Gee Michael S. , Menys Alex , Dillman Jonathan R. , Taouli Bachir 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this review article, we present the latest developments in quantitative imaging biomarkers based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), applied to the diagnosis, assessment of response to therapy, and assessment of prognosis of Crohn disease. We also discuss the biomarkers’ limitations and future prospects. We performed a literature search of clinical and translational research in Crohn disease using diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), motility MRI, and magnetization transfer MRI, as well as emerging topics such as T1 mapping, radiomics, and artificial intelligence. These techniques are integrated in and combined with qualitative image assessment of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) examinations. Quantitative MRI biomarkers add value to MRE qualitative assessment, achieving substantial diagnostic performance (area under receiver-operating curve = 0.8–0.95). The studies reviewed show that the combination of multiple MRI sequences in a multiparametric quantitative fashion provides rich information that may help for better diagnosis, assessment of severity, prognostication, and assessment of response to biological treatment. However, the addition of quantitative sequences to MRE examinations has potential drawbacks, including increased scan time and the need for further validation before being used in therapeutic drug trials as well as the clinic.
MR Enterography of Complicated Crohn Disease
Authors: Grajo Joseph R. , Huang Chenchan , Dillman Jonathan R. , Gee Michael S. , Jaffe Tracy A. , Soto Jorge A. , Baker Mark E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Stricturing and penetrating disease are complications of Crohn disease (CD) that significantly affect patient outcomes. Careful evaluation for such complications is critical to the interpretation of magnetic resonance enterography. This manuscript outlines the key findings related to stricturing and penetrating CD and discusses current understanding of the pathophysiology and prognosis of complicated CD based on the literature.