bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The current state of pediatric transplant hepatology fellowships: A survey of recent graduates
Authors: Feldman Amy G. , Squires James E. , Hsu Evelyn K. , Lobritto Steven , Mohammad Saeed ,   the SPLIT Education Committee, the Pediatric Transplant Hepatology Fellowship Program Directors
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe number of programs offering a PTH fellowship has grown rapidly over the last 10 years. This study aimed to describe the clinical, didactic, procedural, and research experiences of recent PTH fellowship graduates. In addition, we sought to understand graduates’ post‐fellowship professional responsibilities and their perception about the utility of the PTH fellowship.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed from February to October 2020 through REDCap to all recent graduates (2015–2019) of an ACGME‐approved PTH fellowship program. The survey consisted of 49 questions focused on the PTH fellowship experience. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsThirty‐eight of 43 graduates (88%) responded to the survey representing 12 PTH fellowship programs. The didactic experience varied; 97% received pathology lectures, 81% radiology lectures, 54% organ allocation lectures, 54% procedural lectures, 57% immunology lectures, and 43% live donation lectures. During the PTH fellowship, the majority of fellows performed >10 liver biopsies (82%) and >5 variceal bandings (58%); however, 63%, 32%, 8%, and 8% never performed paracentesis, variceal sclerotherapy, variceal banding, and liver biopsies, respectively. The majority of fellows (95%) completed a research project during PTH fellowship. Currently, 84% of graduates are employed at a transplant academic institution. All graduates recommended the fellowship.ConclusionsThere is variability in the didactic, clinical, and procedural training among PTH fellowship programs. Although uniformly viewed as a beneficial fellowship year, there is an opportunity to collaborate to create a more standardized training experience.
Pediatric heart‐liver transplant outcomes in the United States: A 25‐year National Cohort Study
Authors: Choudhry Swati , Dreyer William J. , Hope Kyle D. , Wang Yunfei , Spinner Joseph A. , Tunuguntla Hari P. , Cabrera Antonio G. , Price Jack F. , Denfield Susan W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric HLT remains uncommon in the United States and criteria for HLT are unclear. The objectives of this study were to review the indications, and outcomes of pediatric HLT.MethodsData from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients heart and liver databases were used to identify 9245 pediatric isolated heart transplants (PHT), 14 134 pediatric isolated liver transplant (PLT), and 20 pediatric HLT (16 patients underwent sHLT [same organ donor] and four patients with a history of PHT followed by PLT [different organ donors]; age ≤21 years) between 1992 and 2017. Outcomes included patient survival, and 1‐year rates of acute heart and liver rejection.ResultsThe median age for pediatric HLT was 15.6 (IQR: 10.5, 17.9) years, and included 12 males (12/20 = 60%). In the HLT group, the most common indication for HT was CHD (12/20 = 60%), and the most common indication for liver transplant was cirrhosis (9/20 = 45%). The 1, 3, and 5 year actuarial survival rates in pediatric simultaneous HLT recipients (n = 16) were 93%, 93%, and 93%, respectively, and was similar to isolated PHT alone (88%, 81%, and 75.5%, respectively and isolated PLT alone (84%, 82%, and 80%), respectively. There was no heart or liver rejection reported in the HLT group versus 9.9% in heart and 10.6% in liver transplant‐only groups, respectively.ConclusionPediatric HLT is an uncommon but acceptable option for recipients with combined end‐organ failure, with intermediate survival outcomes comparable to those of single‐organ recipients.
Lack of persisting antibody in a post‐transplant patient after vaccine‐strain varicella
Authors: Tamura Daisuke , Kurosaki Masanori , Shinjoh Masayoshi , Nishimura Hidekazu , Yamagishi Hirokazu , Yamagata Takanori 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLAVV have historically been avoided in children after solid organ transplantation. However, it has been reported that post‐transplant, children without severe immunosuppression can generate anti‐varicella antibody after immunization but the duration of the response is not clear. Furthermore, the origin of the varicella virus in immunosuppressed patients who develop varicella after vaccination is often unclear.Clinical progressA female child received LAVV 30 months after a living donor liver transplant at the age of 2 months. Varicella rash appeared on the trunk 16 days after vaccination and gradually spread over the body. The patient was treated with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral therapy and recovered fully. The virus detected in blisters was derived from the vaccine‐type strain. Paired sera before and after the onset of varicella showed an increase in antibody titer. However, 2 years after onset, the antibody titer decreased to undetectable again.ConclusionsThis was an informative case of varicella due to vaccine strain attenuated virus. Antibody levels were not maintained over many years. Although varicella was caused by the vaccine‐type strain, repeated vaccinations may be necessary for post‐transplant patients who develop varicella.
Capital controls and the volatility of the renminbi covered interest deviation
Authors: Lin Zhitao , Chen Jinzhao , Qian Xingwang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how capital controls affect the volatility of the renminbi (RMB) covered interest deviation (CID). We find that capital controls amplify the volatility of RMB CID and the amplification effect becomes more prominent in more flexible RMB exchange regimes. Capital controls influence the volatility of interest rate differential (IRD) and forward premium (FP), two components of CID, differently, particularly during the U.S. Fed's QE era. In addition, using an error correction model, we show that, while capital controls magnify both the short‐ and long‐run volatility of the CID and the IRD, they do not affect FP volatility.
A Sweet Voice: Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis of the Larynx
Authors: Walker Brian A. , Stull Lindsey B. , Hines J. Peyton 
Published: June 2021

Significance Statement Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome) is a rare idiopathic condition characterized by fever and whole-body rash of tender erythematous plaques of unknown etiology. Otorhinolaryngologic manifestations of the disease can be severe, yet they are sparsely reported in the literature. We present the first documented case of laryngeal involvement of Sweet syndrome.
A real world analysis of first line treatment of advanced EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A multi-center, retrospective study
Authors: Lee Chung-Shien , Ahmed Iman , Miao Emily , Chung Shirley , Patel Khilna , Kohn Nina , Seetharamu Nagashree 
Published: June 2021

Introduction The recently published FLAURA trial demonstrated that osimertinib has remarkable efficacy in front-line setting for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While this has transformed current practice, there are no effective treatments following progression on osimertinib. The aim of our study was to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between patients initiated on osimertinib to those started on other EGFR TKIs. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective study conducted at two large academic centers. Adult patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received EGFR therapy between 2014 and 2019 were included. Patients were dichotomized based on front-line TKI (osimertinib vs. other). PFS, OS, and time-to-discontinuation were evaluated. Results One-hundred seventy-two patients were included in the final analysis. Fifty-two (30.2%) patients received osimertinib and 120 (69.8%) patients received another EGFR TKI. The PFS rates at 6, 12, and 18 months were 86.3%, 79.5%, 69.8% in the osimertinib group and 86.6%, 64.2%, 39.3% in the other EGFR TKI group, respectively (p < 0.0036).Estimated OS at 6, 12, and 18 months was similar for both groups: 94.2%, 94.2%, 80.2% and 95.7%, 93.9%, 84.1%, respectively [Adjusted HR = 0.95 (95% CI, 0.37–2.44; p < 0.9128]. Conclusion Osimertinib demonstrated greater 12 and 18 month PFS compared to other EGFR TKIs. This finding is consistent with results of the FLAURA trial. However, unlike FLAURA, there were no differences in estimated OS between the two groups in our study. Further research to evaluate optimal sequencing strategies in the real world of first, second and third generation TKIs is needed.
Complication and revision rates after reverse total shoulder revision from hemiarthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Reddy Arjun K , Checketts Jake X , Stephens B Joshua , Anderson J Michael , Cooper Craig M , Hunt Tyler , Fishbeck Keith , Boose Marshall , Detweiler Byron , Chalkin Brian , Norris Brent L 
Published: June 2021

Background Thus, the purpose of the present study was to (1) characterize common postoperative complications and (2) quantify the rates of revision in patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty revisional surgery. We hypothesize that hardware loosenings will be the most common complication to occur in the sample, with the humeral component being the most common loosening. Methods This systematic review adhered to PRISMA reporting guideline. For our inclusion criteria, we included any study that contained intraoperative and/or postoperative complication data, and revision rates on patients who had undergone revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty due to a failed hemiarthroplasty. Complications include neurologic injury, deep surgical site infections, hardware loosening/prosthetic instability, and postoperative fractures (acromion, glenoid, and humeral fractures). Results The study contained 22 studies that assessed complications from shoulders that had revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty from a hemiarthroplasty, with a total sample of 925 shoulders. We found that the most common complication to occur was hardware loosenings (5.3%), and of the hardware loosenings, humeral loosenings (3.8%) were the most common. The revision rate was found to be 10.7%. Conclusion This systematic review found that revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for failed hemiarthroplasty has a high overall complication and reintervention rates, specifically for hardware loosening and revision rates.
Does fluoroscopy improve baseplate position compared to conventional technique in reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A preliminary study
Authors: Galán-Olleros María , Lopiz Yaiza , Ciller Gabriel , Alcobía-Díaz Borja , García-Fernández Carlos , Marco Fernando 
Published: June 2021

Background Accurate placement of glenoid component in reverse shoulder arthroplasty remains a challenge for surgeons of all levels of expertise; however, no studies have evaluated the utility of fluoroscopy as a surgical assistance method. Methods Prospective comparative study of 33 patients undergoing primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty during a 12-month period. Fifteen patients had a baseplate placed using the conventional “free hand” technique (control group), and 18 patients using intraoperative fluoroscopy assistance group, in a case–control design. Postoperative glenoid position was evaluated on postoperative Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Results The mean deviation of version and inclination for fluoroscopy assistance vs. control group was 1.75° (0.675–3.125) vs. 4.2° (1.975–10.45) (p = .015), and 3.85° (0–7.225) vs. 10.35° (4.35–18.75) (p = .009). The distance from the central peg midpoint to the inferior glenoid rim (fluoroscopy assistance 14.61 mm/control 4.75 mm, p = .581) and the surgical time (fluoroscopy assistance 1.93 ± 0.57/control 2.18 ± 0.44 h, p = .400) showed no differences, with an average radiation dose of 0.45 mGy and fluoroscopy time of 14 s. Conclusions Accurate axial and coronal scapular plane positioning of glenoid component is improved with intraoperative fluoroscopy at the cost of a greater radiation dose and without differences in surgical time. Comparative studies are needed to determine whether their use in relation to more expensive surgical assistance systems result in similar effectiveness. Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic study.
Determinants of patients’ safety culture practices in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Nnebue Chinomnso C , Ezeuko Amaka Y , Chukwujekwu Ndidiamaka P , Onah Stanley K , Obi-Okaro Alphonsus C , Chukwu-Osodiuru Emmanuel C 
Published: June 2021

Background There is growing concern towards ensuring that patients are safe. Despite this, factors influencing safety practices and outcomes in healthcare delivery systems in Nigeria have not been determined exhaustively. Objective To determine the factors affecting patient safety culture (PSC) practices in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Materials and methods This cross-sectional descriptive study of care providers in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria was conducted from June to November, 2016. A self-administered structured questionnaire survey (QS) was used to assess PSC via 12 composites. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 and associations tested with Chi-square at p ≤ 0.05. Results Response rate is 87%, with a validity rate of 88%. Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety has the highest positive response of 70.7%, while Non-punitive response to error has the least, 43.1%. The overall PSC grade level is 62.3%. The knowledge of PSC is 54.5%, 54% never reports safety events. Knowledge of PSOP, Knowledge of the availability of PSU, Report of errors and Regular patient safety committee meetings (PSCM) influences the scores on four, three, two and seven PSC composite units ( p < 0.05 respectively). Conclusions This study finds an apparently fair overall PSC grade level. Knowledge of PSOP and availability of PSC unit, reports errors and regular PSCM positively influences PSC. There is need for composite targeted cum overall improvement on PSC in the setting.
Light Guide Layer Thickness Optimization for Enhancement of the Light Extraction Efficiency of Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ye Zhi Ting , Cheng Yuan-Heng , Hung Li-Wei , Hsu Kung-Hsieh , Hu Yu Chang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsider material machinability and lattice mismatch sapphire as substrates for the ultraviolet-C light-emitting diodes (UV-C LEDs) are commonly used, but their high refractive index can result in the total internal reflection (TIR) of light whereby some light is absorbed, therefore caused reducing light extraction efficiency (LEE). In this study, we propose a method to optimize the thickness of a sapphire substrate light guide layer through first-order optical design which used the optical simulation software Ansys SPEOS to simulate and evaluate the light extraction efficiency. AlGaN UV-C LEDs wafers with a light guide layer thickness of 150–700 μm were used. The simulation proceeded under a center wavelength of 275 nm to determine the optimal thickness design of the light guide layer. Finally, the experimental results demonstrated that the initial light guide layer thickness of 150 μm the reference output power of 13.53 mW, and an increased thickness of 600 um resulted in output power of 20.58 mW. The LEE can be increased by 1.52 times through light guide layer thickness optimization. We propose a method to optimize the thickness of a sapphire substrate light guide layer through first-order optical design. AlGaN UV-C LEDs wafers with a light guide layer thickness of 150–700 μm were used. Finally, the experimental results demonstrated that the LEE can be increased by 1.52 times through light guide layer thickness optimization.
Factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia
Authors: Sakai Daiki , Matsumiya Wataru , Kusuhara Sentaro , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis (OC) and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia.

Methods
The medical records of 56 consecutive patients with a positive blood culture for Candida species between November 2016 and October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Information on patient characteristics, isolated Candida species, treatment details for candidemia, and ocular findings were extracted to identify factors associated with OC development.

Results
The leading pathogen of candidemia was Candida albicans (C.albicans) (41.1%). Of 56 patients, 18 (32.1%) were diagnosed with chorioretinitis, categorized as either probable (8 patients) or possible OC (10 patients). There was no case of endophthalmitis with vitritis. The incidence of probable OC was not significantly different between the groups treated with echinocandins and other antifungal drugs (15.2% vs. 11.1%, p = 1.00). In all probable OC cases, systemic antifungal therapy was switched from echinocandins to azoles, and no case progressed to endophthalmitis. A multivariate logistic analysis revealed that female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–72.9) and C. albicans (aOR, 23.6; 95% CI, 1.8–281) were independent factors associated with the development of probable OC.

Conclusion
One-seventh of patients with candidemia developed probable OC. Given the evidence of female and C. albicans as the factors associated with OC development, careful ophthalmologic management is required with these factors, especially in candidemia. Although echinocandins had no correlation with OC development and did not lead to the deterioration of ocular prognosis, further investigation is required.
NUCOME: A comprehensive database of nucleosome organization referenced landscapes in mammalian genomes
Authors: Chen Xiaolan , Yang Hui , Liu Guifen , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Nucleosome organization is involved in many regulatory activities in various organisms. However, studies integrating nucleosome organization in mammalian genomes are very limited mainly due to the lack of comprehensive data quality control (QC) assessment and uneven data quality of public data sets.

Results
The NUCOME is a database focused on filtering qualified nucleosome organization referenced landscapes covering various cell types in human and mouse based on QC metrics. The filtering strategy guarantees the quality of nucleosome organization referenced landscapes and exempts users from redundant data set selection and processing. The NUCOME database provides standardized, qualified data source and informative nucleosome organization features at a whole-genome scale and on the level of individual loci.

Conclusions
The NUCOME provides valuable data resources for integrative analyses focus on nucleosome organization. The NUCOME is freely available at http://compbio-zhanglab.org/NUCOME.
Chemical map-based prediction of nucleosome positioning using the Bioconductor package nuCpos
Authors: Kato Hiroaki , Shimizu Mitsuhiro , Urano Takeshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Assessing the nucleosome-forming potential of specific DNA sequences is important for understanding complex chromatin organization. Methods for predicting nucleosome positioning include bioinformatics and biophysical approaches. An advantage of bioinformatics methods, which are based on in vivo nucleosome maps, is the use of natural sequences that may contain previously unknown elements involved in nucleosome positioning in vivo. The accuracy of such prediction attempts reflects the genomic coordinate resolution of the nucleosome maps applied. Nucleosome maps are constructed using micrococcal nuclease digestion followed by high-throughput sequencing (MNase-seq). However, as MNase has a strong preference for A/T-rich sequences, MNase-seq may not be appropriate for this purpose. In addition to MNase-seq-based maps, base pair-resolution chemical maps of in vivo nucleosomes from three different species (budding and fission yeasts, and mice) are currently available. However, these chemical maps have yet to be integrated into publicly available computational methods.

Results
We developed a Bioconductor package (named nuCpos) to demonstrate the superiority of chemical maps in predicting nucleosome positioning. The accuracy of chemical map-based prediction in rotational settings was higher than that of the previously developed MNase-seq-based approach. With our method, predicted nucleosome occupancy reasonably matched in vivo observations and was not affected by A/T nucleotide frequency. Effects of genetic alterations on nucleosome positioning that had been observed in living yeast cells could also be predicted. nuCpos calculates individual histone binding affinity (HBA) scores for given 147-bp sequences to examine their suitability for nucleosome formation. We also established local HBA as a new parameter to predict nucleosome formation, which was calculated for 13 overlapping nucleosomal DNA subsequences. HBA and local HBA scores for various sequences agreed well with previous in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, our results suggest that nucleosomal subsegments that are disfavored in different rotational settings contribute to the defined positioning of nucleosomes.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that chemical map-based statistical models are beneficial for studying nucleosomal DNA features. Studies employing nuCpos software can enhance understanding of chromatin regulation and the interpretation of genetic alterations and facilitate the design of artificial sequences.
Functional examination of lncRNAs in allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Wang Luyao , Han Jin , Lu Kening , Li Menglin , Gao Mengtao , Cao Zeyi , Zhao Ting , Chen Xue , Tao Xiaoyuan , Chen Quanjia , Guan Xueying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
An evolutionary model using diploid and allotetraploid cotton species identified 80 % of non-coding transcripts in allotetraploid cotton as being uniquely activated in comparison with its diploid ancestors. The function of the lncRNAs activated in allotetraploid cotton remain largely unknown.

Results
We employed transcriptome analysis to examine the relationship between the lncRNAs and mRNAs of protein coding genes (PCGs) in cotton leaf tissue under abiotic stresses. LncRNA expression was preferentially associated with that of the flanking PCGs. Selected highly-expressed lncRNA candidates (n = 111) were subjected to a functional screening pilot test in which virus-induced gene silencing was integrated with abiotic stress treatment. From this low-throughput screen, we obtained candidate lncRNAs relating to plant height and tolerance to drought and other abiotic stresses.

Conclusions
Low-throughput screen is an effective method to find functional lncRNA for further study. LncRNAs were more active in abiotic stresses than PCG expression, especially temperature stress. LncRNA XLOC107738 may take a cis-regulatory role in response to environmental stimuli. The degree to which lncRNAs are constitutively expressed may impact expression patterns and functions on the individual gene level rather than in genome-wide aggregate.