bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous-Loop Tape Technique Has Greater Stiffness and Less Elongation Compared With Tied-Suture Fixation of Full-Thickness All–Soft Tissue Quadriceps Tendon Autografts
Authors: Gibbs Christopher M. , Winkler Philipp W. , Tisherman Robert T. , Chan Calvin K. , Diermeier Theresa A. , Debski Richard E. , Musahl Volker 
Published: November 2021

Background: Many graft fixation techniques are utilized for full-thickness soft tissue quadriceps tendon autografts during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose: To determine the tensile properties of all–soft tissue quadriceps tendon graft fixation using a tied-suture versus continuous-loop tape technique. It was hypothesized that the continuous-loop tape technique would have less cyclic elongation and greater ultimate load to failure and stiffness compared with a commonly used tied-suture technique. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen fresh-frozen human knee specimens were used to harvest a full-thickness all–soft tissue quadriceps tendon graft; half were secured using a Krackow suture technique with 2 braided sutures, and half were secured using a continuous-loop tape suspensory fixation button with a rip-stop stitch. Cyclic and permanent elongation, toe- and linear-region stiffness, and ultimate load were determined. Statistical analysis was performed at P <.05. Results: The tied-suture fixation group demonstrated significantly higher permanent elongation (11.7 ± 3.6 vs 4.2 ± 1.0 mm, P < .001) and cyclic elongation (5.9 ± 1.3 vs 2.0 ± 0.4 mm, P < .001) compared with the continuous-loop tape fixation group. There was a significantly higher linear-region stiffness with continuous-loop tape fixation compared with tied-suture fixation (98.8 ± 12.7 vs 85.5 ± 7.5 N/mm, P = .022). No significant difference in ultimate load between groups (517.1 ± 149.2 vs 465.6 ± 64.6 N) was found. The mode of failure was tendon pull-through for the continuous-loop tape group and suture breakage in the tied-suture group ( P < .001). Conclusion: Continuous-loop tape fixation is superior to tied-suture fixation in regard to elongation and stiffness for all–soft tissue quadriceps tendon grafts, but there was no significant difference in ultimate load. Clinical Relevance: Continuous-loop tape fixation of all–soft tissue quadriceps tendon grafts for ACLR is a valid technique with superior tensile properties.
Ethics in Forced Migration Research: Taking Stock and Potential Ways Forward
Authors: Clark-Kazak Christina 
Published: November 2021

Migration research poses particular ethical challenges because of legal precarity, the criminalization and politicization of migration, and power asymmetries. This paper analyzes these challenges in relation to the ethical principles of voluntary, informed consent; protection of personal information; and minimizing harm. It shows how migration researchers — including those outside of academia — have attempted to address these ethical issues in their work, including through the recent adoption of a Code of Ethics by the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM). However, gaps remain, particularly in relation to the intersection of procedural and relational ethics; specific ethical considerations of big data and macrocomparative analyses; localized meanings of ethics; and oversight of researchers collecting information outside of institutional ethics boards. The paper concludes with the following recommendations: Institutional Research Ethics Boards should familiarize themselves with the particular ethical challenges in migration research, as well as available resources, such as the IASFM Code of Ethics. Ethics boards should include researchers and community representatives who are familiar with migration in reviews of related projects. Academic and training programs in migration studies should include sessions and resources on migration-specific research ethics. Nonacademic organizations, including migrant-led organizations, should provide information resources and training to their staff and clients to ensure that they understand procedural ethics requirements, relational ethical principles, as well as the rights of those asked to participate in research. Organizations conducting their own research should establish ethics review processes and relational ethics norms. A leading migration studies center or institution should map existing ethical guidelines and processes in different countries and contexts to be better aware of overlap and gaps. This mapping should take the form of an open access, interactive database, so that information can be accessible and updated in real time. Researchers should engage in more dissemination of lessons learned on ethics in migration. While there is some emerging consensus on key ethical principles for migration research, it is in their application that researchers face dilemmas. Honest reflection and sharing of these experiences will help researchers to anticipate and manage similar dilemmas they encounter while undertaking research. Researchers at all stages of their careers should not undertake migration research without having first reviewed some of the literature on ethics and migration, which is partially cited in this paper. Research centers should facilitate dialogue on ethical issues in languages other than English, particularly languages most spoken by people in migration, and by people who are underrepresented in formal ethics processes and debates, especially those with direct experience of migration.
The Role of Migration Research in Promoting Refugee Well-Being in a Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Kraly Ellen Percy , Reed Holly E. , Majmundar Malay K. , McGrath Susan , Orrenius Pia , Silva Romesh , Ford Sarah Staveteig 
Published: November 2021

This paper summarizes the presentations and discussions of a virtual stakeholder meeting on Refugee Resettlement in the United States which built on the foundation of the May 2019 workshop represented in this special issue. With support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and hosted by the Committee on Population (CPOP) of the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Dec 1–2, 2020, 1 the meeting convened migration researchers, representatives of US voluntary resettlement agencies, and other practitioners to consider the role of migration research in informing programs serving refugees and migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic, continuing an emphasis on bringing global learning to those on the ground working with refugees. The goal of CPOP's work in this area has always been to build bridges between communities of research and practice and to create a dialogue for a shared agenda. We present the goals and framework for the 2020 meeting, followed by a summary of each of the four sessions and themes that emerged from these discussions. The paper ends by considering effective ways of amplifying the role of research in refugee policy and programs of refugee resettlement in the United States and how demographers and population researchers might contribute to this goal.
Symptom- and Prevention-Based Testing of COVID-19 in Nursing Home Residents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Paap Kelly C. , van Loon Anouk M. , van Rijs Sarian M. , Helmich Esther , Buurman Bianca M. , Smalbrugge Martin , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. 
Published: November 2021

Nursing homes (NH) residents with COVID-19 can either be tested because of presence of core symptoms (S-based) or because of transmission prevention (TP-based). The investigated study sample included all NH residents who underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing between March 16, 2020 and May 31, 2020 ( n = 380). Clinical symptoms, temperature, and oxygen saturation were extracted from medical records, 7 days before to 14 days after testing. COVID-19 was confirmed in 81 (21%) residents; 36 (44%) S-based and 45 (56%) TP-based: 45. Cycle threshold (CT) values did not differ between the groups. In the 7 days prior to the test falling (32%), somnolence (25%) and fatigue (21%) occurred in both groups. Two days before the test, we observed a stronger decrease in oxygen saturation and an increase in temperature for the S-based group compared to the T-based group that remained up to 10 days after testing. Residents within the S-based group were 2.5 times more likely to increased mortality within 30 days than residents in the TP-based group (HR, 2.56; 95% 1.3–5.2). Although, 73% of the T-based group did eventually develop core symptoms. Thus, attention to falling and daily measures of temperature and oxygen saturation can contribute to earlier detection.
Prevalence of atherosclerosis and association with 5-year outcome: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
Authors: Nawaz Beenish , Fromm Annette , Øygarden Halvor , Eide Geir E , Saeed Sahrai , Meijer Rudy , Bots Michiel L , Sand Kristin M , Thomassen Lars , Næss Halvor , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: We studied the prevalence of atherosclerosis among ischaemic stroke patients ≤60 years and controls at the time of the index stroke, and its association with occurrence of new cardiovascular events (CVEs) and mortality at a 5-year follow-up. Methods: Prevalent atherosclerosis was assessed for 385 patients and 260 controls in seven vascular areas by electrocardiogram (ECG), ankle–arm index (AAI) and measurement of right and left carotid and femoral intima-media thickness (cIMT and fIMT) and abdominal aorta plaques (AAP). Clinical end-points were any new CVE (stroke, angina, myocardial infarction or peripheral arterial disease) or death from any cause at 5-year follow-up. All results were sex- and age-adjusted; logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were applied. Results: Young patients ≤49 years had prevalent atherosclerosis in 1/2 of males and 1/3 of females. Compared with controls, young female patients showed significantly higher prevalent atherosclerosis, p = 0.024. Ischaemic ECG and mean cIMT were higher in young and middle-aged female patients ( p = 0.044, p = 0.020, p = 0.023 and p <0.001, respectively). Mean fIMT was higher in middle-aged female patients ( p <0.001). Cardiovascular events were associated with ischaemic ECG; AAI ≤0.9, fIMT ≥0.9 mm and increased number of areas with atherosclerosis (NAA) among patients, and with AAP, cIMT ≥0.9 mm, fIMT ≥0.9 mm and NAA among controls. Mortality was associated with higher age, ischaemic ECG and NAA among patients, and cIMT ≥0.9 mm among controls. Conclusion: Atherosclerosis is highly prevalent even in young stroke patients. Some areas and increasing NAA are associated with CVEs and death.
The CLL12 trial: ibrutinib vs placebo in treatment-naïve, early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Langerbeins Petra , Zhang Can , Robrecht Sandra , Cramer Paula , Fürstenau Moritz , Al-Sawaf Othman , von Tresckow Julia , Fink Anna-Maria , Kreuzer Karl-Anton , Vehling-Kaiser Ursula , Tausch Eugen , Müller Lothar , Eckart Michael Josef , Schlag Rudolf , Freier Werner , Gaska Tobias , Balser Christina , Reiser Marcel , Stauch Martina , Wendtner Clemens-Martin , Fischer Kirsten , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Eichhorst Barbara , Hallek Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Observation is the current standard of care for patients with early-stage asymptomatic chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as chemotherapy-based interventions have failed to prolong survival. We hypothesized that early intervention with ibrutinib would be well tolerated and lead to superior disease control in a subgroup of early-stage patients with CLL. The phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLL12 trial randomly assigned asymptomatic, treatment-naïve Binet stage A CLL patients at increased risk of progression in a 1:1 ratio to receive ibrutinib (n = 182) or placebo (n = 181) at a dose of 420 mg daily. At a median follow-up of 31 months, the study met its primary endpoint by significantly improving event-free survival in the ibrutinib group (median, not reached vs 47.8 months; hazard ratio = 0.25; 95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.43, P &lt; .0001). Compared with placebo, ibrutinib did not increase overall toxicity, yielding similar incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs). The most common serious AEs were atrial fibrillation, pneumonia, and rash in the ibrutinib group, and basal cell carcinoma, pneumonia, and myocardial infarction in the placebo group. Ibrutinib-associated risk for bleeding (33.5%) was decreased by prohibiting the use of oral anticoagulants through an amendment of the study protocol and by avoiding CYP3A4 drug–drug interactions. Ibrutinib confirms efficacy in CLL patients at an early stage with an increased risk of progression. However, the results do not justify changing the current standard of “watch and wait.” This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02863718.
Right atrial function is associated with right venticular diastolic stiffness: RA–RV interaction in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Wessels Jeroen N. , Mouratoglou Sophia A. , van Wezenbeek Jessie , Handoko M. Louis , Marcus J. Tim , Meijboom Lilian J. , Westerhof Berend E. , Bogaard Harm Jan , Strijkers Gustav J. , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , de Man Frances S. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients have altered right atrial (RA) function and right ventricular (RV) diastolic stiffness. This study assessed the impact of RV diastolic stiffness on RA–RV interaction.MethodsPAH patients with low or high end-diastolic elastance (Eed) (n=94) were compared with controls (n=31). Treatment response was evaluated in 62 patients. RV and RA longitudinal strain, RA emptying and RV filling were determined and diastole was divided into a passive and active phase. Vena cava backflow was calculated as RA active emptying−RV active filling and RA stroke work as RA active emptying×RV end-diastolic pressure.ResultsWith increased Eed, RA and RV passive strain were reduced while active strain was preserved. In comparison to controls, patients had lower RV passive filling but higher RA active emptying and RA stroke work. RV active filling was lower in patients with high Eed, resulting in higher vena cava backflow. Upon treatment, Eedwas reduced in ~50% of the patients with high Eed, which coincided with larger reductions in afterload, RV mass and vena cava backflow and greater improvements in RV active filling and stroke volume in comparison with patients in whom Eedremained high.ConclusionsIn PAH, RA function is associated with changes in RV function. Despite increased RA stroke work, severe RV diastolic stiffness is associated with reduced RV active filling and increased vena cava backflow. In 50% of patients with high baseline Eed, diastolic stiffness remained high, despite treatment. A reduction in Eedcoincided with a large reduction in afterload, increased RV active filling and decreased vena cava backflow.
Nebulised liposomal amphotericin-B as maintenance therapy in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a randomised, multicentre trial
Authors: Godet Cendrine , Couturaud Francis , Marchand-Adam Sylvain , Pison Christophe , Gagnadoux Frédéric , Blanchard Elodie , Taillé Camille , Philippe Bruno , Hirschi Sandrine , Andréjak Claire , Bourdin Arnaud , Chenivesse Cécile , Dominique Stéphane , Bassinet Laurence , Murris-Espin Marlène , Rivière Frédéric , Garcia Gilles , Caillaud Denis , Blanc François-Xavier , Goupil François , Bergeron Anne , Gondouin Anne , Frat Jean-Pierre , Flament Thomas , Camara Boubou , Priou Pascaline , Brun Anne-Laure , Laurent François , Ragot Stéphanie , Cadranel Jacques ,   for the NebuLamB study group and GREPI network, Godet C. , Couturaud F. , Cadranel J. , Frat J-P. , Brun A-L. , Laurent F. , Marchand-Adam S. , Pison C. , Gagnadoux F. , Blanchard E. , Taillé C. , Philippe B. , Hirschi S. , Andréjak C. , Chenivesse C. , Dominique S. , Bassinet L. , Murris-Espin M. , Rivière F. , Garcia G. , Caillaud D. , Blanc F-X. , Goupil F. , Gondouin A. , Flament T. , Camara B. , Priou P. , Ragot S. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundIn allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), prolonged nebulised antifungal treatment may be a strategy for maintaining remission.MethodsWe performed a randomised, single-blind, clinical trial in 30 centres. Patients with controlled ABPA after 4-month attack treatment (corticosteroids and itraconazole) were randomly assigned to nebulised liposomal amphotericin-B or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was occurrence of a first severe clinical exacerbation within 24 months following randomisation. Secondary outcomes included the median time to first severe clinical exacerbation, number of severe clinical exacerbations per patient, ABPA-related biological parameters.ResultsAmong 174 enrolled patients with ABPA from March 2015 through July 2017, 139 were controlled after 4-month attack treatment and were randomised. The primary outcome occurred in 33 (50.8%) out of 65 patients in the nebulised liposomal amphotericin-B group and 38 (51.3%) out of 74 in the placebo group (absolute difference −0.6%, 95% CI −16.8– +15.6%; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.50–1.90; p=0.95). The median (interquartile range) time to first severe clinical exacerbation was longer in the liposomal amphotericin-B group: 337 days (168–476 days)versus177 days (64–288 days). At the end of maintenance therapy, total immunoglobulin-E andAspergillusprecipitins were significantly decreased in the nebulised liposomal amphotericin-B group.ConclusionsIn ABPA, maintenance therapy using nebulised liposomal amphotericin-B did not reduce the risk of severe clinical exacerbation. The presence of some positive secondary outcomes creates clinical equipoise for further research.
Changes in health-related quality of life as a marker in the prognosis in COPD patients
Authors: Esteban Cristóbal , Arostegui Inmaculada , Aramburu Amaia , Moraza Javier , Aburto Myriam , Aizpiri Susana , Chasco Leyre , Quintana José M. 
Published: November 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is understood as a complex, heterogeneous and multisystem airway obstructive disease. The association of deterioration in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with mortality and hospitalisation for COPD exacerbation has been explored in general terms. The specific objectives of this study were to determine whether a change in HRQoL is related, over time, to mortality and hospitalisation.Overall, 543 patients were recruited through Galdakao Hospital's five outpatient respiratory clinics. Patients were assessed at baseline, and the end of the first and second year, and were followed up for 3 years. At each assessment, measurements were made of several variables, including HRQoL using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).The cohort had moderate obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 55% of the predicted value). SGRQ total, symptoms, activity and impact scores at baseline were 39.2, 44.5, 48.7 and 32.0, respectively. Every 4-point increase in the SGRQ was associated with an increase in the likelihood of death: “symptoms” domain odds ratio 1.04 (95% CI 1.00–1.08); “activity” domain OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.08–1.17) and “impacts” domain OR 1.11 (95% CI 1.06–1.15). The rate of hospitalisations per year was 5% (95% CI 3–8%) to 7% (95% CI 5–10%) higher for each 4-point increase in the separate domains of the SGRQ.Deterioration in HRQoL by 4 points in SGRQ domain scores over 1 year was associated with an increased likelihood of death and hospitalisation.
Autoantibodies are present in the bronchoalveolar lavage but not circulation in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease
Authors: Boustani Karim , Ghai Poonam , Invernizzi Rachele , Hewitt Richard J. , Maher Toby M. , Li Quan-Zhen , Molyneaux Philip L. , Harker James A. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundFibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) has previously been associated with the presence of autoantibody. While studies have focused on systemic autoimmunity, the role of local autoantibodies in the airways remains unknown. We therefore extensively characterised the airway and peripheral autoantibody profiles in patients with fILD, and assessed association with disease severity and outcome.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected from a cohort of fILD patients and total BAL antibody concentrations were quantified. An autoantigen microarray was used to measure IgG and IgA autoantibodies against 122 autoantigens in BAL from 40 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 20 chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), 20 connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD) patients and 20 controls.ResultsA subset of patients with fILD but not healthy controls had a local autoimmune signature in their BAL that was not present systemically, regardless of disease. The proportion of patients with IPF with a local autoantibody signature was comparable to that of CTD-ILD, which has a known autoimmune pathology, identifying a potentially novel subset of patients. The presence of an airway autoimmune signature was not associated with reduced survival probability or changes in lung function in the cohort as a whole. Patients with IPF had increased BAL total IgA and IgG1while subjects with CHP had increased BAL IgA, IgG1and IgG4. In patients with CHP, increased BAL total IgA was associated with reduced survival probability.ConclusionAirway autoantibodies that are not present systemically identify a group of patients with fILD and the mechanisms by which these autoantibodies contribute to disease requires further investigation.
Physiological effects and subjective tolerability of prone positioning in COVID-19 and healthy hypoxic challenge
Authors: Jha Akhilesh , Chen Fangyue , Mann Sam , Shah Ravi , Abu-Youssef Randa , Pavey Holly , Lin-Jia-Qi Helen , Cara Josh , Cunningham Daniel , Fitzpatrick Kate , Goh Celine , Ma Renee , Mookerjee Souradip , Nageshwaran Vaitehi , Old Timothy , Oxley Catherine , Jordon Louise , Selvan Mayurun , Wood Anna , Ying Andrew , Zhang Chen , Wozniak Dariusz , Goodhart Iain , Early Frances , Fisk Marie , Fuld Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundProne positioning has a beneficial role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving ventilation but lacks evidence in awake non-ventilated patients, with most studies being retrospective, lacking control populations and information on subjective tolerability.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, single-centre study of prone positioning in awake non-ventilated patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia. The primary outcome was change in peripheral oxygenation in proneversussupine position. Secondary outcomes assessed effects on end-tidal CO2, respiratory rate, heart rate and subjective symptoms. We also recruited healthy volunteers to undergo proning during hypoxic challenge.Results238 hospitalised patients with pneumonia were screened; 55 were eligible with 25 COVID-19 patients and three non-COVID-19 patients agreeing to undergo proning – the latter insufficient for further analysis. 10 healthy control volunteers underwent hypoxic challenge. Patients with COVID-19 had a median age of 64 years (interquartile range 53–75). Proning led to an increase in oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) compared to supine position (difference +1.62%; p=0.003) and occurred within 10 min of proning. There were no effects on end-tidal CO2, respiratory rate or heart rate. There was an increase in subjective discomfort (p=0.003), with no difference in breathlessness. Among healthy controls undergoing hypoxic challenge, proning did not lead to a change in SpO2or subjective symptom scores.ConclusionIdentification of suitable patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen supplementation from general ward environments for awake proning is challenging. Prone positioning leads to a small increase inSpO2within 10 min of proning though is associated with increased discomfort.