bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tingbjerg Changing Diabetes: a protocol for a long-term Supersetting initiative to promote health and prevent type 2 diabetes among people living in an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse neighbourhood in Copenhagen, Denmark
Authors: Tørslev Mette Kirstine , Andersen Pernille Tanggaard , Nielsen Asser Vittrup , Petri Marie , Termansen Tina , Vardinghus-Nielsen Henrik , Varming Annemarie , Bloch Paul 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionType 2 diabetes is an escalating public health problem closely related to socioeconomic position. There is increased risk of type 2 diabetes in disadvantaged neighbourhoods where education, occupation and income levels are low. Meanwhile, studies show positive health outcomes of participatory community interventions pointing towards the need for increased health promotion and prevention of type 2 diabetes in local communities. This study protocol describes Tingbjerg Changing Diabetes (TCD), a community-based health promotion and type 2 diabetes prevention initiative in Tingbjerg, a disadvantaged neighbourhood in Copenhagen, Denmark.Methods and analysisTCD is a long-term, complex intervention, implemented in three phases from 2014 to 2032, focusing on partnership formation (phase 1, 2014–2019), developing and implementing action for health (phase 2, 2019–2030) and diffusion of knowledge (phase 3, 2022–2032). The Supersetting principles act as guidelines for development and implementation of all intervention activities of TCD, involving several population groups in a variety of everyday life settings. The implementation of TCD draws on Community Action Research design and methodologies. TCD’s evaluation and research strategy is interdisciplinary, pragmatic and multimethod, unfolding at three levels of operation: (A) evaluating activities, (B) researching cross-cutting topics, and (C) researching methods and approaches.Ethics and disseminationTCD has been approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency. Accordingly, the initiative is carried out in adherence to rules and regulations of the Danish Data Protection Agency. As data contain no personal identifiable or sensitive data, no clearance from the Danish National Ethical Review Board can be obtained according to Danish regulations. Citizen, local agents and stakeholders are engaged in the design and execution of TCD to ensure usefulness, reflexive interpretation of data, relevance and iterative progression of interventions. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals, presented at conferences and through public media including TCD home page, podcasts and videos.
What are determinants of utilisation of pharmaceutical anticancer treatment during the last year of life in Norway? A retrospective registry study
Authors: Bugge Christoffer , Kaasa Stein , Sæther Erik Magnus , Melberg Hans Olav , Sonbo Kristiansen Ivar 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the use of, and predictors for, pharmaceutical anticancer treatment (PACT) towards the end of a patient’s life in a country with a public healthcare system.DesignRetrospective registry study.SettingSecondary care in Norway.ParticipantsAll Norwegian patients with cancer (International Classification of Diseases tenth revision (ICD-10) codes C00–99, D00–09, D37–48) in contact with a somatic hospital in Norway between 2009 and 2017 (N=420 655). Analyses were performed on a subsample of decedents with follow-back time of more than 1 year (2013–2017, N=52 496).InterventionsN/A.Primary and secondary outcome measuresProportion of patients receiving PACT during the last year and month of life. We calculated CIs with block bootstrapping, while predictors of PACT were estimated with logistic regression.Results24.0% (95% CI 23.4% to 24.6%) of the patients received PACT during the last year of life and 3.2% (95% CI 3.0% to 3.5%) during their final month. The proportion during the last month was highest for multiple myeloma (12.7%) and breast cancer (6.5%) and lowest for urinary tract (1.1%) and prostate and kidney cancer (1.4%). Patients living in northern (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.94) and western (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.96) Norway had lower odds of PACT during the last month, while patients with myeloma (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.5 to 3.7) and breast (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) had higher odds. Kidney cancer (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.2. to 0.4), urinary tract (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.5) and prostate cancer (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.5) were associated with lower probability of receiving PACT within the last month.ConclusionsThe proportion of patients receiving PACT in Norway is lower than in several other industrialised countries. Age, type of cancer and area of living are significant determinants of variation in PACT.
Exploration of a quality improvement process to standardised preoperative tests for a surgical procedure to reduce waste
Authors: Shahid Rabia , Chaya Malone , Lutz Ian , Taylor Brian , Xiao Lily , Groot Gary 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPreoperative tests are done to determine a patient’s fitness for anaesthesia and surgery.Local problemAlthough routine tests before surgery in the absence of specific clinical indications are not recommended, we observed high volumes of routine preoperative tests were performed in our institution. We describe a process to implement a standardised preoperative investigational approach to reduce unnecessary testing before surgeries.MethodsA series of six Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles was conducted for root cause analysis and process mapping, development of standardised tool (GRID), collection of baseline data, education and feedback, pilot testing and implementation and uptake of GRID.Root cause analysis revealed a lack of awareness of guidelines and a lack of a standardised tool to guide preoperative testing. We undertook a pilot quality improvement project to reduce unnecessary testing before knee and hip arthroplasty by developing and implementing a standardised tool (GRID) and engaging all stakeholders.InterventionsA clinical development team (CDT) was formed, including all the stakeholders. Our CDT focused on a continuous rapid cycle improvement strategy.ResultsAfter implementation of the tool in a subgroup of patients undergoing elective hip or knee arthroplasty, unnecessary coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time and the international normalised ratio), electrolyte/renal panel tests and electrocardiograms were reduced by 81% (91%–17%), 81% (41%–7%) and 68% (35%–11%), respectively. No surgery was delayed or cancelled due to tests not performed before surgery.ConclusionsA standardised preoperative investigational approach based on patients’ medical conditions rather than routine testing can reduce unnecessary tests before surgery. Further, implementing guidelines is more complex than developing guidelines. Hence, continuous PDSA cycles are essential to evaluate the processes in a quality improvement project. It can take time to build teams and have shared goals; however, once this is achieved, the success of a quality improvement project is certain.
The relative reinforcing value of snack food is a significant predictor of fat loss in women with overweight or obesity
Authors: Hintze Luzia Jaeger , Doucet Éric , Goldfield Gary S. 
Published: September 2021

Reinforcing Relative Value (RRV) of food and impulsivity are associated with energy intake and obesity. This study investigated the degree to which changes in RRV and impulsivity independently or interactively predict changes in body weight and composition in women with overweight or obesity engaged in either fast or slow weight loss programs. Body weight, body composition, impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), and RRV snack (computerized Behavioural Choice Task) were measured at baseline and post-intervention in 30 women with obesity undergoing either slow (n = 14, –500 kcal/day, 20 weeks) or fast (n = 16, –1000 kcal/day, 10 weeks) weight reduction. No group × time effects were noted on body composition, impulsivity, or RRV, so participants from both groups were pooled for analysis. Multiple regression analyses indicated that none of the impulsivity variables predicted weight or fat mass (FM) loss. However, ΔRRV snack predicted ΔFM (r = 0.40, p = 0.046), whereby greater increases in RRV snack were associated with less FM loss. The results indicate that different rates of weight loss do not differentially affect RRV snack or impulsivity traits. However, changes in RRV snack predicted FM loss, suggesting that dietary interventions that either mitigate increases or foster reductions in the RRV snack may yield greater reductions in adiposity. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04866875. Novelty: No differences in RRV of food were noted between fast and slow weight loss. Weight loss from combined fast and slow groups led to a moderate-sized reduction in total impulsivity. Greater diet-induced increases in RRV snacks were associated with less body fat loss.
Effect of intracutaneous pyonex on analgesia and sedation in critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Wenhua , Zhang Jie , Sun Jia , Wang Jiling , Hang Yongqing , Wang Qianwen , Duan Peibei 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracutaneous pyonex on analgesia and sedation in critically ill patients who underwent mechanical ventilation. A total of 88 critically ill patients were divided into a control group and an intervention group. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) were used to evaluate pain and agitation. The dosage and treatment period of sedative and analgesic drugs in the intervention group were notably lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Analgesia compliance time in the intervention group was superior to control group (p < 0.05). The shallow sedation compliance rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.01). There was significant difference in blood gas analysis before and after treatment between the two groups (p < 0.05). After 2 h of sedation and analgesia, heart rate in the intervention group was lower than control group, but respiratory rate was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The traditional analgesia and sedation combined with intracutaneous pyonex reduced the total amount and treatment period of sedative and analgesic drugs in critically ill patients throughout the treatment process, and it also decreased the adverse reactions such as blood pressure drops and respiratory depression.
Measurement of the $$^{232}$$Th(n,f) cross section with quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams in the energy range 2–18 MeV
Authors: Michalopoulou V. , Axiotis M. , Chasapoglou S. , Eleme Z. , Gkatis G. , Kalamara A. , Kokkoris M. , Lagoyannis A. , Patronis N. , Stamatopoulos A. , Tsantiri A. , Vlastou R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe fission cross section of $$^{232}$$

232

Th has been measured at fast neutron energies, using a setup based on Micromegas detectors. The experiment was performed at the 5.5 MV Van de Graaff Tandem accelerator in the neutron beam facility of the National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams were produced via the $$^{3}$$

3

H(p,n), $$^{2}$$

2

H(d,n) and $$^{3}$$

3

H(d,n) reactions, while the $$^{238}$$

238

U(n,f) and $$^{235}$$

235

U(n,f) reactions were used as references, in order to acquire cross-section data points in the energy range 2–18 MeV. The characterization of the actinide samples was performed via $$\alpha $$
α
-spectroscopy with a Silicon Surface Barrier (SSB) detector, while Monte Carlo simulations with the FLUKA code were used to achieve the deconvolution of the $$^{232}$$

232

Th $$\alpha $$
α
peak from the $$\alpha $$
α
background of its daughter nuclei present in the spectrum. Special attention was given to the study of the parasitic neutrons present in the experimental area, produced via charged particle reactions induced by the particle beam and from neutron scattering. Details on the data analysis and results are presented.
Solutions of the Ortvay Rudolf International Competition in Physics: Exploding Refrigerator (2016/10 Problem)
Authors: Ákos Gombkötő 
Published: September 2021

The Ortvay Rudolf international competition was first organized in 1970. The focus is usually not on routine school-level problems but rather on problem-solving relying on physical reasoning and skills in recognizing the fundamental character and “heart” of the problem. Some problems lead the contestants to so-far unsolved, open questions, while some are accessible to first-year students. However, only for a relatively small number of problems do official solutions exist. The intention of this paper is to be the first in a series of published solutions discussing the competition problems. The problem treated below is a simple exercise about heat transfer in a thermodynamic system, which highlights the limitations and consequences of accepting seemingly intuitive approximations, and gives a didactical example of “explosive” dynamics. The calculation does not use mathematical techniques beyond those commonly expected of high school students.
Novel Construction of Copulas Based on (
α
,
β
) Transformation for Fuzzy Random Variables
Authors: Giakoumakis Stylianos , Papadopoulos Basil 
Published: September 2021

The paper introduces a method for the construction of bivariate copulas with the usage of specific values of the parameters

α
and
β

(

α
,
β

transformation) and the parameters

κ
and
λ

in their domain. The produced bivariate copulas are defined in four subrectangles of the unit square. The bounds of the produced copulas are investigated, while a novel construction method for fuzzy copulas is introduced, with the usage of the produced copulas via

α
,
β

transformation in four subrectangles of the unit square. Following this construction procedure, the production of an infinite number of copulas and fuzzy copulas could be possibly achieved. Some applications of the proposed methods are presented.
Age and Phenotype of Patients With Plaque Erosion
Authors: Araki Makoto , Yonetsu Taishi , Kurihara Osamu , Nakajima Akihiro , Lee Hang , Soeda Tsunenari , Minami Yoshiyasu , Higuma Takumi , Kimura Shigeki , Takano Masamichi , Yan Bryan P. , Adriaenssens Tom , Boeder Niklas F. , Nef Holger M. , Kim Chong Jin , McNulty Iris , Crea Filippo , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Jang Ik‐Kyung 
Published: September 2021

Background
A recent study reported that the outcome of patients with plaque erosion treated with stenting is poor when the underlying plaque is lipid rich. However, the detailed phenotype of patients with plaque erosion, particularly as related to different age groups, has not been systematically studied.

Methods and Results

Patients with acute coronary syndromes caused by plaque erosion were selected from 2 data sets. Demographic, clinical, angiographic, and optical coherence tomography findings of the culprit lesion were compared between 5 age groups. Among 579 erosion patients, male sex and current smoking were less frequent, and hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were more frequent in older patients. ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction was more frequent in younger patients. Percentage of diameter stenosis on angiogram was greater in older patients. The prevalence of lipid‐rich plaque (27.3% in age <45 years and 49.4% in age ≥75 years,
P
<0.001), cholesterol crystal (3.9% in age <45 years and 21.8% in age ≥75 years,
P
=0.027), and calcification (5.5% in age <45 years and 54.0% in age ≥75 years,
P
<0.001) increased with age. After adjusting risk factors, younger patients were associated with the presence of thrombus, and older patients were associated with greater percentage of diameter stenosis and the presence of lipid‐rich plaque and calcification.

Conclusions
The demographic, clinical, angiographic, and plaque phenotypes of patients with plaque erosion distinctly vary depending on age. This may affect the clinical outcome in these patients.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT03479723, NCT02041650.
The Impact of Principal Attrition and Replacement on Indicators of School Quality
Authors: Winters Marcus A. , Kisida Brian , Cho Ikhee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransitions to a new principal are common, especially within urban public schools, and potentially highly disruptive to a school's culture and operations. We use longitudinal data from New York City to investigate if the effect of principal transitions differs by whether the incoming principal was hired externally or promoted from within the school. We take advantage of variation in the timing of principal transitions within an event-study approach to estimate the causal effect of principal changes. Changing principals has an immediate negative effect on student test scores that is sustained over several years regardless of whether hired internally or externally. However, externally hired principals lead to an increase in teacher turnover and a decline in perceptions of the school's learning environment, whereas transitions to an internally promoted principal have no such effects. This pattern of results raises important questions about leadership transitions and the nature of principal effects on school quality.
Reading Ancient and Medieval Philosophers after Vollenhoven
Authors: Sweetman Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This is a study of D. H. Th. Vollenhoven’s type-focused historiography of philosophy and its development with respect to pre-Socratic philosophy. It uses the work of Pierre Hadot on philosophical askesis, the work of Martha Nussbaum on therapeutic argument, and recent work on the transformative character of Aquinas’s Summa contra Gentiles and Summa theologiae to question some of the central assumptions of Vollenhoven’s methodology. In the process, Vollenhoven’s practice is compared to and contrasted with the historiographical practice of Aristotle in his Metaphysics. What emerges is a way to acknowledge the continued worth of type-focused reading and the religious intuitions that gave rise to it, but on the basis of different methodological assumptions and to different historiographical effects.
Anti-TRIM21 antibody is associated with aberrant B-cell function and type I interferon production in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kunishita Yosuke , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Kamiyama Reikou , Kishimoto Daiga , Komiya Takaaki , Sakurai Natsuki , Sugiyama Yumiko , Takase-Minegishi Kaoru , Kirino Yohei , Nagaoka Shouhei , Nakajima Hideaki 
Published: September 2021

Background TRIM21 is a member of the tripartite motif family proteins and is one of the autoantigens which react with anti-SS-A antibody (Ab) present in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome. Previous studies have shown that TRIM21 dysfunction promotes aberrant B-cell differentiation and Ab production in SLE, and anti-TRIM21 Ab may be related to the TRIM21 dysfunction in human SLE pathogenesis. Here, we examined the relationship between anti-TRIM21 Ab and clinical and immunological characteristics in SLE patients. Methods Twenty-seven patients with SLE (23 women and four men) before immunosuppressive therapies, who fulfilled the revised 1997 American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE, and four healthy controls (3 women and one man) were enrolled in the study. SLE patients were divided into two groups according to the seropositivity for anti-TRIM21 Ab. Serum anti-TRIM21 Ab levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The serum levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins were measured by cytometer beads arrays. The expression levels of TRIM21 protein in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients were evaluated by Western blotting. Results Sixteen and 9 patients showed seronegativity and seropositivity for anti-TRIM21 Ab, respectively. There were no significant differences in the background parameters, including female ratio, age, disease duration, SLE activity, and laboratory data between the two groups. The serum levels of interferon (IFN)-β were significantly higher in patients with anti-TRIM21 Ab as compared with those without anti-TRIM21 Ab ( P = .043). The levels of IgG1 and IgA were significantly higher in SLE patients with anti-TRIM21 Ab as compared with those without anti-TRIM21 Ab ( P = .0022 and .032, respectively). The PBMCs of patients with anti-TRIM21 Ab showed a significantly lower expression of TRIM21 protein as compared with those of patients without anti-TRIM21 Ab ( P = .014). Conclusions Anti-TRIM21 Ab seropositivity was related to B-cell abnormalities and type I IFN overproduction in SLE patients. These findings suggest that anti-TRIM21 Ab may have an inhibitory effect on TRIM21 functions and be a novel biomarker for the level of dependence on type I IFN overproduction and B-cell abnormalities.
Characterization of severely burned patients and evaluation of factors associated to mortality. An observational retrospective cohort study in San Vicente Fundación Hospital
Authors: Robledo Cadavid Juan M , Salgado Flórez Laura , Garcés Echeverri Juan C , Ruiz Santacruz Jorge E , Hernandez Ortiz Olga H 
Published: September 2021

Introduction Burns are common in developing countries and place a large burden on the medical and social care systems. However, information about management and outcomes from such countries is scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiology and main factors related to the mortality in severely burned patients at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación in Medellín, Colombia. Methods An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted. To establish prognostic factors associated with mortality, we analyzed variables such as age, sex, burned surface, and degree of burn, among others. Demographic, clinic, and management features as well as complications and factors associated with mortality were analyzed using logistic regression. Results 4516 clinical histories were reviewed, 225 were included in the study. 76.9% were men, with a median age of 35 years; 64.9% were fire burns. The median burned body surface area was 42%. There were inhalation injuries in 135 patients and ocular in 106 patients. The main complication was infection followed by rhabdomyolysis. The overall hospital stay was 27 days, and the median length of stay at the intensive care unit was 7 days with in-hospital mortality of 30.7%. The variables associated with mortality were age, burned body surface area, degree of burn, and kidney injury. Surgical intervention was protective. Conclusions Severely burned patients in our hospital have similar outcomes and, in some cases, better outcomes than those reported in the literature in countries with similar characteristics, and we have seen that in the last years, there has been a better experience in the management of these patients. Elderly, extension, and depth of burnt tissue are markers of poor outcomes. Early surgery and intubation have shown better outcomes, probably due to infection control and removal of necrotic tissue, airway management, and ventilatory support for metabolic and hemodynamic derangement.