bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of peatland evaporation following wildfire; the complex control of soil tension under dynamic evaporation demand
Authors: Kettridge Nicholas , Lukenbach Maxwell C. , Hokanson Kelly J. , Devito Kevin J. , Petrone Richard M. , Mendoza Carl A. , Waddington James Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe capability of peatland ecosystems to regulate evapotranspiration (ET) following wildfire is a key control on the resilience of their globally important carbon stocks under future climatic conditions. Evaporation dominates post‐fire ET, with canopy and sub‐canopy removal restricting transpiration and increasing evaporation potential. Therefore, in order to project the hydrology and associated stability of peatlands to a diverse range of post‐fire weather conditions and future climates the regulation of evaporation must be accurately parameterised in peatland ecohydrological models. To achieve this, we measure the surface resistance (rs) to evaporation over the growing season one year post‐fire within four zones of a boreal peatland that burned to differing depths, relatingrsto near surface soil tensions. We show that the magnitude and temporal variability inrsvaries with burn severity. At the peatland scale,rsand near‐surface tension correlates non‐linearly. However, at the point scale no relationship was evident between temporal variations inrsand near‐surface tension across all burn severities; in part due to the limited fluctuation in near‐surface tensions and the precision ofrsmeasurements. Where automated measurements enabled averaging of errors, the relationship between near‐surface tension andrsswitched between periods of strong and weak correlation within a burned peat hummock. This relationship, when strong, deviated from that obtained under steady state laboratory conditions; increases inrswere more sensitive to fluctuations in near‐surface tension under dynamic field conditions. Calculating soil vapour densities directly from near‐surface tensions is shown to require calibration between peat types and provides little if any benefit beyond the derivation of empirical relationships betweenrsand measured soil tension. Thus, we demonstrate important spatiotemporal fluctuations in post‐firersthat will be key to regulating post‐fire peatland hydrology, but highlight the complex challenges in effectively parameterising this important underlying control of near‐surface tensions within hydrological simulations.
Irrelevant actions, goal demotion and explicit instruction: A study of overimitation
Authors: Taniguchi Yuuki , Sanefuji Wakako 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOverimitation is imitating relevant and irrelevant actions to achieve a final goal (Lyons et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(50), 19751–19756). We investigated whether the order of demonstration (the irrelevant action is demonstrated before or after the final goal) induces overimitation when using explicit instruction (saying the instrumental goal). We employed a between‐subjects design with 48 five‐year‐olds. In the before condition, the irrelevant action towards the sub‐apparatus was performed, followed by the action relevant to the final goal with the main apparatus. In the after condition, the experimenter performed the irrelevant action after the final goal. Results indicated that overimitation occurred when irrelevant actions were demonstrated after the goal using explicit instruction. This may mean that children's overimitation is affected by goal demotion, which is created through the order of demonstration of the irrelevant actions. This highlights how goal demotion affects children's overimitation and clarifies how children perceive intentionality in the action sequence, including irrelevant actions.
Measurement error in earnings data: Replication of Meijer, Rohwedder, and Wansbeek's mixture model approach to combining survey and register data
Authors: Jenkins Stephen P. , Rios‐Avila Fernando 
Published: March 2021

SummaryMeijer, Rohwedder, and Wansbeek (MRW, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 2012) developed methods for prediction of a single earnings figure per worker from mixture factor models fitted using earnings data from multiple linked data sources. MRW applied their method using parameter estimates of Kapteyn and Ypma's mixture factor model (KY, Journal of Labour Economics 2007) fitted to earnings data for Swedish workers aged 50+. First, we replicate MRW's empirical analysis using the Swedish model estimates. Second, we check the generality of their empirical finding with a new application. Using estimates of a KY model fit to a linked dataset on earnings for UK employees of all ages, we confirm that MRW's principal findings about the performance of their various predictors of true earnings also hold in this different setting.
Heparin‐modified alginate microspheres enhance neovessel formation in hiPSC‐derived endothelial cells and heterocellular in vitro models by controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Munarin Fabiola , Kabelac Carly , Coulombe Kareen L.K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA formidable challenge in regenerative medicine is the development of stable microvascular networks to restore adequate blood flow or to sustain graft viability and long‐term function in implanted or ischemic tissues. In this work, we develop a biomimetic approach to increase the binding affinity of the extracellular matrix for the class of heparin‐binding growth factors to localize and control the release of proangiogenic cues while maintaining their bioactivity. Sulfate and heparin moieties are covalently coupled to alginate, and alginate microspheres are produced and used as local delivery depots for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Release of VEGF from sulfate‐alginate and heparin‐alginate bulk hydrogels and microspheres was sustained over 14 days. In vitro evaluation with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived endothelial cells and aortic ring assay in a chemically defined hydrogel demonstrates development of primitive three‐dimensional vessel‐like networks in the presence of VEGF released from the chemically modified alginate microspheres. Furthermore, our results suggest that the sulfate groups available on the chemically modified alginate microspheres promote some new vessel formation even in VEGF‐free samples. Based on this evidence, we conclude that sulfate‐ and heparin‐alginate hydrogels are adaptive and bioactive delivery systems for revascularization therapy and translational vascular tissue engineering.
Bone substitutes and photobiomodulation in bone regeneration: A systematic review in animal experimental studies
Authors: Magri Angela Maria Paiva , Parisi Júlia Risso , de Andrade Ana Laura Martins , Rennó Ana Claudia Muniz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn general, bone fractures are able of healing by itself. However, in critical situations such as large bone defects, poor blood supply or even infections, the biological capacity of repair can be impaired, resulting in a delay of the consolidation process or even in non‐union fractures. Thus, technologies able of improving the process of bone regeneration are of high demand. In this context, ceramic biomaterials‐based bone substitutes and photobiomodulation (PBM) have been emerging as promising alternatives. Thus, the present study performed a systematic review targeting to analyze studies in the literature which investigated the effects of the association of ceramic based bone substitutes and PBM in the process of bone healing using animal models of bone defects. The search was conducted from March and April of 2019 in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. After the eligibility analyses, 16 studies were included in this review. The results showed that the most common material used was hydroxyapatite (HA) followed by Biosilicate associated with infrared PBM. Furthermore, 75% of the studies demonstrated positive effects to stimulate bone regeneration from association of ceramic biomaterials and PBM. All studies used low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) device and the most studies used LLLT infrared. The evidence synthesis was moderate for all experimental studies for the variable histological analysis demonstrating the efficacy of techniques on the process of bone repair stimulation. In conclusion, this review demonstrates that the association of ceramic biomaterials and PBM presented positive effects for bone repair in experimental models of bone defects.
Advanced cancer is also a heart failure syndrome: a hypothesis
Authors: Anker Markus S. , Sanz Ana Pardo , Zamorano José L. , Mehra Mandeep R. , Butler Javed , Riess Hanno , Coats Andrew J.S. , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present the hypothesis that advanced stage cancer is also a heart failure syndrome. It can develop independently of or in addition to cardiotoxic effects of anti‐cancer therapies. This includes an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. We suggest the pathophysiologic link for these developments includes generalized muscle wasting (i.e. sarcopenia) due to tissue homeostasis changes leading to cardiac wasting associated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac wasting with thinning of the ventricular wall increases ventricular wall stress, even in the absence of ventricular dilatation. In addition, arrhythmias may be facilitated by cellular wasting processes affecting structure and function of electrical cells and conduction pathways.We submit that in some patients with advanced cancer (but not terminal cancer), heart failure therapy or defibrillators may be relevant treatment options. The key points in selecting patients for such therapies may be the predicted life expectancy, quality of life at intervention time, symptomatic burden, and consequences for further anti‐cancer therapies.The cause of death in advanced cancer is difficult to ascertain and consensus on event definitions in cancer is not established yet. Clinical investigations on this are called for. Broader ethical considerations must be taken into account when aiming to target cardiovascular problems in cancer patients.We suggest that focused attention to evaluating cardiac wasting and arrhythmias in cancer will herald a further evolution in the rapidly expanding field of cardio‐oncology.
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L‐NAME activates inducible NOS/NO system and drives multidimensional regulation of Na+/K+‐ATPase in ionocyte epithelia of immersion‐stressed air‐breathing fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch)
Authors: Peter M. C. Subhash , Gayathry R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in Na+ homeostatic control in water‐breathing fishes. It is, however, uncertain whether air‐breathing fish relies on NO to coordinate Na+/K+‐ATPase (NKA)‐driven Na+ transport during acute hypoxemia. We, thus, examined the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L‐NAME on NO availability, inducible NOS (iNOS) protein abundance and the regulatory dynamics of NKA in osmoregulatory epithelia of Anabas testudineus kept at induced hypoxemia. As expected in nonstressed fish, in vivo L‐NAME (100 ng g−1) challenge for 30 min declined NO production in serum (40%) and osmoregulatory tissues (average 51.6%). Surprisingly, the magnitude of such reduction was less in hypoxemic fish after L‐NAME challenge due to the net gain of NO (average 23.7%) in these tissues. Concurrently, higher iNOS protein abundance was found in branchial and intestinal epithelia of these hypoxemic fish. In nonstressed fish, L‐NAME treatment inhibited the NKA activity in branchial and intestinal epithelia while stimulating its activity in renal epithelia. Interestingly in hypoxemic fish, L‐NAME challenge restored the hypoxemia‐inhibited NKA activity in branchial and renal epithelia. Similar recovery response was evident in the NKAα protein abundance in immunoblots and immunofluorescence images of branchial epithelia of these fish. Analysis of Nkaα1 isoform transcript abundance (Nkaα1a, α1b, α1c) also showed spatial and preferential regulation of Nkaα1 isoform switching. Collectively, the data indicate that L‐NAME challenge activates iNOS/NO system in the branchial ionocyte epithelia of hypoxemia‐stressed Anabas and demands multidimensional regulation of NKA to restore the Na+ transport rate probably to defend against acute hypoxemia.
Sirolimus versus cyclosporine in haploidentical stem cell transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil as graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis
Authors: Hernani Rafael , Piñana José Luis , Pérez Ariadna , Quintero Abdiel , Montoro Juan , Hernández‐Boluda Juan C. , Carretero Carlos , Balaguer‐Roselló Aitana , Guerreiro Manuel , Lorenzo Ignacio , Aguilar Cristóbal , Giménez Estela , Navarro David , Sanz Miguel A. , Sanz Jaime , Solano Carlos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSirolimus has emerged as an alternative to calcineurin inhibitors‐based (CNI) graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. This retrospective study compares the outcome of 133 consecutive adult patients with haematological malignancies undergoing haploidentical stem cell transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), combined with cyclosporine A (PTCy–CsA–MMF, n = 67) or sirolimus (PTCy–Sir–MMF, n = 66) as GVHD prophylaxis strategy. The median follow‐up was 48 (range 22–83) and 13 (range 3–33) months, respectively. PTCy–CsA–MMF was associated in multivariate analyses with a higher risk of acute kidney injury (HR 2.1, 95% CI, 1.21–3.57, p = .008) and thrombotic microangiopathy (HR 12.5, 95% CI, 1.66–93.5, p = .014), whereas PTCy–Sir–MMF was associated with a higher risk of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) (HR 10.8, 95% CI, 1.52–77, p = .018), especially late‐onset forms, which totally resolved and none of the patients needed discontinuation of sirolimus. Two SOS‐related deaths were detected, both in the PTCy–CsA–MMF subgroup. Both GVHD prophylaxis strategies were otherwise comparable in terms of engraftment, GVHD incidence and survival.
Peritumoral lymph nodes in pancreatic cancer revisited; is it truly equivalent to lymph node metastasis?
Authors: Byun Yoonhyeong , Lee Kyoung‐Bun , Jang Jin‐Young , Han Youngmin , Choi Yoo Jin , Kang Jae Seung , Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLymph node (LN) metastasis is a well‐known poor prognostic factor of pancreatic cancer. LN metastasis, through direct invasion of tumor cell to peritumoral lymph nodes (PTLN), is treated as the same as those which spread through lymphatic channels. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PTLN invasion on the oncologic outcome of pancreatic cancer.MethodsFive hundred and six patients who underwent operation for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from 2012 to 2018 were reviewed. PTLN invasion was defined as direct invasion of tumor cells in contact with main tumor.ResultsAmong the 506 patients, 112 patients (22.1%) had PTLN invasion. PTLN invasion group (PTLNI) showed better disease‐free survival than regional LN metastasis group (RLNM) and combined LN metastasis group (CLNM) (PTLNI 21 vs RLNM 11 vs CLNM 12 months, P = .003). There was no significant difference between N0 and PTLNI (PTLNI 21 vs N0 23 months, P = .999). In multivariate analysis, conventional LN metastasis was a significant factor compared to N0, but PTLN invasion was not (hazard ratio 0.786 [0.507‐1.220], P = .283).ConclusionBecause PTLN invasion does not adversely affect survival in the same way as LN metastasis does, pancreatic cancer–may be overstaged if PTLN invasion were dealt in the same manner as a metastatic LN. Therefore, PTLN invasion should be disregarded from current nodal staging system.
Anatomy and evolution of bioluminescent organs in the slimeheads (Teleostei: Trachichthyidae)
Authors: Ghedotti Michael J. , DeKay Hannah M. , Maile Alex J. , Smith W. Leo , Davis Matthew P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBacterial bioluminescent organs in fishes have a diverse range of tissues of origin, patterns of compartmentalization, and associated light‐conducting structures. The morphology of the perianal, bacterial bioluminescent organ of Aulotrachichthys prosthemius was described previously, but the light organ in other species of slimeheads, family Trachichthyidae, is poorly known. Here, we describe the anatomy of the bioluminescent organs in trachichthyids and places the evolution of this light‐producing system in the context of a new phylogeny of the Trachichthyoidei to test the hypothesis that bioluminescence evolved twice in the suborder and that the light‐producing component derives from the perianal ectoderm. We use gross and histological examination to provide the first description of the bioluminescent organ of Paratrachichthys and four additional species of Aulotrachichthys. Observations also strongly suggest the presence of a perianal bioluminescent organ in Sorosichthys ananasa. The updated phylogeny of the Trachichthyoidei is the first to combine morphological and DNA‐sequence (11‐gene fragments) evidence, and supports a monophyletic Trachichthyidae with component subfamilies Hoplostethinae and Trachichthyinae, supporting continued recognition of the family Anoplogastridae. All bioluminescent trachichthyoids share a similar bioluminescent‐organ structure with elongate chambers filled with bacteria and connected to collecting ducts that, in turn, connect to superficial ducts that lead to and have lining epithelia continuous with the epidermis. In the context of the phylogeny, the bioluminescent organ of trachichthyids is inferred to have evolved as an elaboration of the proctodeum in the ancestor of Aulotrachichthys, Paratrachichthys, and Sorosichthys independently from the structurally similar cephalic bioluminescent organs in Anomalopidae and Monocentridae.
Machine learning prediction models in orthopedic surgery: A systematic review in transparent reporting
Authors: Groot Olivier Q. , Ogink Paul T. , Lans Amanda , Twining Peter K. , Kapoor Neal D. , DiGiovanni William , Bindels Bas J. J. , Bongers Michiel E. R. , Oosterhoff Jacobien H. F. , Karhade Aditya V. , Oner F. C. , Verlaan Jorrit‐Jan , Schwab Joseph H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMachine learning (ML) studies are becoming increasingly popular in orthopedics but lack a critically appraisal of their adherence to peer‐reviewed guidelines. The objective of this review was to (1) evaluate quality and transparent reporting of ML prediction models in orthopedic surgery based on the transparent reporting of multivariable prediction models for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD), and (2) assess risk of bias with the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool. A systematic review was performed to identify all ML prediction studies published in orthopedic surgery through June 18th, 2020. After screening 7138 studies, 59 studies met the study criteria and were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and discrepancies were resolved by discussion with at least two additional reviewers present. Across all studies, the overall median completeness for the TRIPOD checklist was 53% (interquartile range 47%–60%). The overall risk of bias was low in 44% (n = 26), high in 41% (n = 24), and unclear in 15% (n = 9). High overall risk of bias was driven by incomplete reporting of performance measures, inadequate handling of missing data, and use of small datasets with inadequate outcome numbers. Although the number of ML studies in orthopedic surgery is increasing rapidly, over 40% of the existing models are at high risk of bias. Furthermore, over half incompletely reported their methods and/or performance measures. Until these issues are adequately addressed to give patients and providers trust in ML models, a considerable gap remains between the development of ML prediction models and their implementation in orthopedic practice.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcendental Meditation as Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans
Authors: Bellehsen Mayer , Stoycheva Valentina , Cohen Barry H. , Nidich Sanford 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPreliminary studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Transcendental Meditation (TM) for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study extended previous research with a pilot trial of TM as a treatment for PTSD via a single‐blinded, randomized controlled design. veterans with PTSD (N = 40) were assigned to a TM intervention or treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) control group. Participants in the TM group engaged in 16 sessions over 12 weeks, primarily in a 60‐min group format. Change in PTSD symptoms, measured via the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included self‐reported PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, sleep difficulties, anger, and quality of life (QoL). Assessments were conducted at baseline and 3‐month follow‐up. Mean CAPS‐5 score decreases were significantly larger for participants in the TM group (M = ‐11.28, 95% CI [‐17.35, ‐5.20]), compared to the TAU group (M = −1.62, 95% CI [‐6.77, 3.52]), p = .012, d = ‐0.84. At posttest, 50.0% of veterans in the TM group no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria as compared to 10.0% in the TAU group, p = .007. Adjusted mean changes on self‐report measures of PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties indicated significant reductions in the TM group compared to TAU, ds = .80–1.16. There were no significant group differences regarding anger or QoL. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of TM as a treatment for veterans with PTSD and for comorbid symptoms. Combined with other research, they suggest that TM may be a tolerable, non–trauma‐focused PTSD treatment.
The hydrodynamic mechanism of rainfall runoff from loess slopes treated with incorporated straw
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Yang Jiahui , Diao Yanfang , Lei Tingwu , Rahma Abbas E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe hydrodynamic parameters of rainfall runoff are important for those studying hillslope water flow, which in turn affects soil erosion, chemical pollutant migration, and diffusion. Straw incorporation into the cultivated soil layer may affect soil properties, resulting in different hydrodynamic behaviours of hillslope runoff. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of straw incorporation, rainfall intensity, and slope gradient on hydraulic parameters, such as the Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor (f), and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (DH). Laboratory experiments were conducted under four straw incorporation rates (SRs: 0, 2, 4, and 8 t ha−1), three rainfall intensities (RIs: 80, 120, and 160 mm hr−1), and three slope gradients (SGs: 10, 15, and 20°) to examine the hydrodynamic characteristics. The results show that the increase in SR significantly reduces the DH. Compared with bare soil slope (0.020 m2 s−1), the mean DH decreased by half (0.011 m2 s−1) at an SR of 2 t ha−1 and approximately three‐quarters (0.005 m2 s−1) at an SR of 8 t ha−1. Both Re and Fr decreased with a rise in the SR; however, the slope roughness increased, which caused a significant increase in frictional force compared to results observed for the bare soil. A rise in RI and SG increased the driving force on the farmland slope. The Re and Fr decreased with RI and SR, while f increased with RI and SG. Therefore, this study elucidates that the incorporation of straw in the soil can alter the hydrodynamic parameters, thus influencing water flow velocity and soil erosion.