bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating cover crops forage nutritive value in Oklahoma winter wheat systems
Authors: Horn Kyle M. , Rocateli Alexandre C. , Warren Jason G. , Turner Kenneth E. , Antonangelo João A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a valuable crop in the southern Great Plains that grows from fall to spring, with fields then typically fallowed through the summer. Adding grazeable cover crops to the fallow period could increase farm profitability. The objective of this study was to determine eight different cover crops’ nutritive value and simulated stocker calf performance. Cover crops were established in late spring 2016 and 2017 in Chickasha and Perkins, OK. At 6 wk after planting, two simulated grazing regimes based on cutting height were used: severe (≤2.5 cm) and recommended (7.5 cm). Legumes had the highest nutritive value in comparison to warm‐season grasses and grass–legume mixtures. Legumes resulted in higher simulated daily steer gain (DSG) and total steer gain per area (TSGA) values than grasses and mixtures at Perkins. At this location, legumes had superior forage nutritive value, compensating for lower yields. At Chickasha, grasses and mixtures had higher TSGA values (246.7 ± 6.9 kg ha–1) and lower DSG (0.17 ± 0.04 kg steer–1 d–1) values than legumes (131.6 ± 25.3 kg ha–1 and 0.48 ± 0.02 kg steer–1 d–1). This finding implied that grasses and mixtures with lower individual DSG required much higher stocking rates than legumes to achieve higher TSGA values. This increment in stocking rates could increase costs, drastically decreasing profits. Consequently, legumes might be a viable option due to their balanced forage yield and nutritive value relationship. However, consideration must be given to supplemental energy to better balance the TDN/protein ratio requirements of the stocker calf.
Craniofacial features of 3q29 deletion syndrome: Application of next‐generation phenotyping technology
Authors: Mak Bryan C. , Sanchez Russo Rossana , Gambello Michael J. , Fleischer Nicole , Black Emily D. , Leslie Elizabeth , Murphy Melissa M. ,   The Emory 3q29 Project, Mulle Jennifer Gladys 
Published: May 2021

Abstract3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is a recurrent deletion syndrome associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and congenital anomalies. Dysmorphic facial features have been described but not systematically characterized. This study aims to detail the 3q29del craniofacial phenotype and use a machine learning approach to categorize individuals with 3q29del through analysis of 2D photos. Detailed dysmorphology exam and 2D facial photos were ascertained from 31 individuals with 3q29del. Photos were used to train the next‐generation phenotyping algorithm DeepGestalt (Face2Gene by FDNA, Inc, Boston, MA) to distinguish 3q29del cases from controls and all other recognized syndromes. Area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC‐ROC) was used to determine the capacity of Face2Gene to identify 3q29del cases against controls. In this cohort, the most common observed craniofacial features were prominent forehead (48.4%), prominent nose tip (35.5%), and thin upper lip vermillion (25.8%). The FDNA technology showed an ability to distinguish cases from controls with an AUC‐ROC value of 0.873 (p = 0.006) and led to the inclusion of 3q29del as one of the supported syndromes. This study found a recognizable facial pattern in 3q29del, as observed by trained clinical geneticists and next‐generation phenotyping technology. These results expand the potential application of automated technology such as FDNA in identifying rare genetic syndromes, even when facial dysmorphology is subtle.
Hypoxia: A teratogen underlying a range of congenital disruptions, dysplasias, and malformations
Authors: Adam Aaron P. , Payton Kurlen S. E. , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. , Adam Margaret P. , Mirzaa Ghayda M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this review, we explore evidence that hypoxia in the developing human fetus can lead not only to the more commonly accepted disruptive‐type defects, but also patterns of anomalies that suggest that hypoxia can exert a more classic teratogenic effect, using the brain as one example. We review neuropathology in the context of intrauterine hypoxia, particularly as it relates to carbon monoxide poisoning, in utero strokes, and homozygous alpha‐thalassemia. In general, the associated brain injuries resemble those seen with other causes of hypoxic–ischemic injury. Fetal strokes during development usually lead to loss of brain tissue in areas that do not follow a typical embryologic pattern, and therefore are considered disruptions. However, there is also evidence that fetal brain ischemia can cause more classically recognized patterns of abnormal embryonic neuronal migration and organization such as polymicrogyria, cortical dysplasia, or dysgenesis, including select types of focal cortical dysplasia. This study summarizes available literature and evidence to raise clinicians' awareness regarding the association between hypoxia and congenital anomalies, including brain malformations.
Fine‐Tuning of Chiral Microenvironments within Triple‐Stranded Helicates for Enhanced Enantioselectivity
Authors: Jiao Jingjing , Dong Jinqiao , Li Yingguo , Cui Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere we report the formation of an unexpected and unique family of chiral helicates. Crystal structures show that these triple‐stranded ZnII2L3 complexes are held together by subcomponent assembly of axially chiral diamine‐functionalized 1,1′‐biphenol ditopic with 2‐formylpyridine and ZnII. Specifically, the molecular helicity of the complexes can be controlled by the absolute configurations of the bimetallic vertices, which has been shown to be homoconfiguration (ΔΔ) or mesomeric configuration (ΔΛ), depending critically on the bulky groups and length of the spacers. Fascinatingly, in this system we can engineer the space‐restricted chiral microenvironments with varied polar and apolar moieties, which profoundly influence the binding affinities and chiral discrimination properties of the helicates, leading to highly enantio‐ and helix‐sense‐selective recognition for chiral amino alcohols (up to 9.35). This work reveals the transformation of single‐molecule chirality to global supramolecular chirality within well‐defined helicates and demonstrates that their chiral discrimination are highly dependent on the superior microenvironments.
Tricyanidoferrates(−IV) and Ruthenates(−IV) with Non‐Innocent Cyanido Ligands
Authors: Jach Franziska , Wagner Frank R. , Amber Zeeshan H. , Rüsing Michael , Hunger Jens , Prots Yurii , Kaiser Martin , Bobnar Matej , Jesche Anton , Eng Lukas M. , Ruck Michael , Höhn Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExceptionally electron‐rich, nearly trigonal‐planar tricyanidometalate anions [Fe(CN)3]7− and [Ru(CN)3]7− were stabilized in LiSr3[Fe(CN)3] and AE3.5[M(CN)3] (AE=Sr, Ba; M=Fe, Ru). They are the first examples of group 8 elements with the oxidation state of −IV. Microcrystalline powders were obtained by a solid‐state route, single crystals from alkali metal flux. While LiSr3[Fe(CN)3] crystallizes in P63/m, the polar space group P63 with three‐fold cell volume for AE3.5[M(CN)3] is confirmed by second harmonic generation. X‐ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy reveal longer C−N distances (124–128 pm) and much lower stretching frequencies (1484–1634 cm−1) than in classical cyanidometalates. Weak C−N bonds in combination with strong M−C π‐bonding is a scheme also known for carbonylmetalates. Instead of the formal notation [Fe−IV(CN−)3]7−, quantum chemical calculations reveal non‐innocent intermediate‐valent CN1.67− ligands and a closed‐shell d10 configuration for Fe, that is, Fe2−.
Automatic drug infusion control based on metaheuristic H2 optimal theory for regulating the mean arterial blood pressure
Authors: Pachauri Nikhil , K Ghousiya Begum 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe primary intent of this article is to explicate the development of an efficient control strategy to enhance the automated drug infusion technique and thereby, regulating the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in both surgical and post‐surgical clinical scenarios. To simplify the already existing design techniques that are mathematically very complicated, a governed drug management system is required to normalize the MABP. This manuscript introduces a two degrees of freedom (2‐DOF) H2 optimal PI controller whose parameters are optimized by using dragonfly optimization (DA). The performance of the proposed method is compared with the conventional DA tuned PI and 2‐DOF‐PI control technique to prove the efficacy of the designed technique. The proposed control technique gives better results quantified by performance metrics in nominal case as well as in the presence of parametric uncertainties and noise. The resultant novel controller is verified on a diverse category of patient's responses (ideal, insensitive, and sensitive) to the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) drug injected into the patient's body and thus investigating whether the pressure is at the preferred level.
Changes in snow depth under elevation‐dependent warming over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shen Liucheng , Zhang Yuqing , Ullah Safi , Pepin Nick , Ma Qianrong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSnow plays an essential role in regulating climate change, the hydrological cycle, and various biological processes. Passive microwave snow depth data and gridded data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU_TS4.04) are utilized in this study to investigate spatiotemporal variations of snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), with special focus on the vertical dimension. The response of snow to elevation‐dependent warming (EDW) is determined accordingly. High mountains experience more rapid warming than lower elevations. During 1980–2014, the total snow depth over the TP decreased; areas with the most significant decreasing trends are mainly concentrated in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the TP. The plateau‐wide decrease in snow depth (−0.24 cm/decade) is mainly affected by increasing temperature (0.30°C/decade). The reduction in snow depth trend intensifies as sub‐regional mean elevation increases from 3,332 m (IID2) to 5,074 m (ID1). A stronger snow depth decrease in high‐elevation sub‐regions generally corresponds to higher warming rates, which demonstrates EDW. The most pronounced correlation between snow depth decrease rate and elevation occurs in the southeastern TP, which covers the largest elevation range on the plateau (from 2,000 to 6,000 m).
Utility Tips for Maintaining Financial Resilience During and After a Pandemic
Authors: Karnovitz Alan , Johns Grace , Kiefer Jack C. 
Published: May 2021

Key TakeawaysMany water and wastewater utilities effectively took a “triage” approach to addressing initial COVID‐19–related disruptions but should reassess practices to ensure long‐term financial resilience.Although the short‐term financial effects of the pandemic varied widely among utilities, related economic and financial uncertainties will likely persist, with potentially long‐term impacts.Utilities should implement a phased post‐pandemic strategy encompassing scenario planning, rate structures, consumer assistance programs, staffing and training, debt structuring, and smart technologies.Regardless of its financial impact, the COVID‐19 pandemic has demonstrated the vulnerabilities of all sectors, including the water sector, to large disruptive events; stronger financial resilience is recommended.
Engineering Cyber–Physical Resilience
Authors: Ohrt Andrew , Groves Daniel A. , Cox Joel , Bochman Andy , Cunningham Charley , Hildick‐Smith Andrew , Kuczynski Thomas L. 
Published: May 2021

Key TakeawaysThere's no denying the countless benefits of technology for water industry operations. But with technological advances come increased potential for malicious, damaging attacks.Utilities owe it to themselves and their customers to have a proactive cybersecurity practice in place by taking “cyber hygiene” seriously and evolving with technology.CCE, or consequence‐driven, cyber‐informed engineering, adds another layer to cybersecurity strategies and helps utilities establish organizational and engineering practices that ensure resilience.
Public Engagement on Water Reuse Beyond Community Surveys
Authors: Distler Lauren N. , Scruggs Caroline E. , Cruz Maurice P. , Rumsey Kellin N. 
Published: May 2021

Key TakeawaysWastewater reuse and other nontraditional water supply options may become necessary for communities facing extended drought due to population shifts and climate change.A community survey and subsequent analyses uncovered misconceptions and gaps in public knowledge surrounding water resources and water reuse.Surveys are useful for understanding public knowledge and opinions but must be supplemented with meaningful education and outreach.Without genuine public engagement and trust‐building, water infrastructure projects might not align with a community's values and interests.
Visible Labour? Productive Forces and Imaginaries of Participation in European Insect Studies, ca. 1680–1810**
Authors: Hünniger Dominik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe practice of early modern natural history depended on the collective collecting activities of a great variety of people. Among them, artisans played a major role in acquiring and distributing knowledge about the natural world and they contributed significantly to the scholarly labour in natural history. This distributed labour was both acknowledged by contemporaries as well as hidden from sight, reflecting the period′s dominant norms for class and gender. By combining an interpretation of the visual representation of labour in European insect studies with an examination of written sources about natural history practices from about 1680 to 1810, this article decodes the often‐codified frontispieces and other more symbolic illustrations to offer new insights into the labour of natural history. Those who identified as scholars and artisans (or both) conceptualised their own intellectual and practical engagement with natural history within the semantic field of work. Some seemed to have even envisioned a new social role for academics as well as artisans. This article analyses the diversity of the “productive forces” in insect studies as they changed over time and it reconstructs what I will call the social imaginaries of participation.
Safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in wake‐up stroke: Experiences from a single center
Authors: Wiśniewski Adam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesWake‐up stroke is an important clinical problem that may account for a quarter of all ischemic strokes. This study aimed to establish the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolytic treatment of wake‐up strokes by comparing it to the standard thrombolysis treatment in strokes with clear onsets and wake‐up strokes that did not receive reperfusion therapy.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 95 patients with ischemic strokes who underwent thrombolytic treatment with alteplase, including nine patients with wake‐up strokes. The safety profile (mortality and intracranial bleeding) and efficacy (clinical and functional outcomes on admission, discharge, and 90 days after stroke onset) were evaluated.ResultsWhen assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRs), the patients with wake‐up strokes had significantly more favorable functional outcomes on discharge when compared to those who received standard thrombolysis (p = .0289). No significant differences were noted when the favorable outcome rate (mRs score = 0–2) at three months post‐thrombolysis (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41–10.6; p = .3807) and safety outcomes (death during hospitalization: OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.03–9.11; p = .6295 and intracranial bleeding 24 hr after treatment: OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.02–7.58; p = .5707) were compared between the two groups. The Cochran–Mantel–Haenchel shift analysis showed a significantly more favorable distribution of the mRs scores at three months after the stroke onset in the patients with wake‐up strokes who were treated with alteplase compared to those who did not receive thrombolysis (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01–1.82; p = .0426).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that in patients who awaken with stroke symptoms, intravenous thrombolytic treatment is a safe procedure that may lead to favorable outcomes. Further studies should be performed to increase the size of the group of patients with wake‐up strokes who can be treated with reperfusion therapy.
DNA methylome analysis identifies BMI‐related epigenetic changes associated with non‐small cell lung cancer susceptibility
Authors: Li Guyanan , Meng Hua , Bai Yansen , Wei Wei , Feng Yue , Li Mengying , Li Hang , He Meian , Zhang Xiaomin , Wei Sheng , Li Yangkai , Guo Huan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBody mass index (BMI) has been reported to be inversely associated with incident risk of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of DNA methylation in the relationship between BMI and NSCLC.MethodsWe carried out a genome‐wide DNA methylation study of BMI in peripheral blood among 2266 Chinese participants by using Illumina Methylation arrays. For the BMI‐related DNA methylation changes, their associations with NSCLC risk were further analyzed and their mediation effects on BMI‐NSCLC association were also evaluated.ResultsThe methylation levels of four CpGs (cg12593793, cg17061862, cg11024682, and cg06500161, annotated to LMNA, ZNF143, SREBF1, and ABCG1, respectively) were found to be significantly associated with BMI. Methylation levels of cg12593793, cg11024682, and cg06500161 were observed to be inversely associated with NSCLC risk [OR (95%CI) =0.22 (0.16, 0.31), 0.39 (0.30, 0.50), and 0.66 (0.53, 0.82), respectively]. Additionally, cg11024682 in SREBF1 and cg06500161 in ABCG1 mediated 45.3% and 19.5% of the association between BMI and decreased NSCLC risk, respectively.ConclusionsIn this study, we identified four DNA methylation sites associated with BMI in the Chinese populations at the genome‐wide significant level. We also found that the BMI‐related methylations of SREBF1 and ABCG1 could mediate about a quintile‐to‐half of the effect of BMI on reduced NSCLC risk, which adds a potential mechanism underlying this association.
Endohedral Mixed Aggregates: Sodium Alkoxide Cages with Organic or Inorganic Central Anions and Variable Hull
Authors: Cebi Erkam , Klett Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlkali metal alkoxides are widely used in chemistry due to their Brønsted basic and nucleophilic properties. Potassium alkoxides assist alkyllithium in the metalation of hydrocarbons in Lochmann‐Schlosser‐bases. Both compounds form mixed aggregates, which enhance the thermal stability, solubility, and the basic reactivity of these mixtures. A very unusual spherical mixed alkoxy aggregate was discovered by Grützmacher et al., where a central dihydrogen phosphide anion is surrounded by a highly dynamic shell of thirteen sodium atoms and a hull of twelve tert‐butoxide groups. This structural motif can be reproduced by a reaction of trimethylsilyl compounds of methane, halogens, or pseudo‐halogens with excess sodium tert‐butoxide. A nucleophilic substitution releases the corresponding anion, which is then encapsulated by the sodium alkoxide units. The compounds are soluble in hydrocarbon solvents, enabling studies of solutions by high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy and IR/Raman studies of the crystalline materials.
Bio‐inspired and Eco‐friendly Synthesis of 3D Spongy Meso‐Microporous Carbons from CO2 for Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Ao , Ma Guoming , Jiang Jintian , Hu Yajing , Su Mingming , Long Wangtao , Gao Shixin , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Peng Ping , Li Fang‐Fang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInspired by the spongy bone structures, three‐dimensional (3D) sponge‐like carbons with meso‐microporous structures are synthesized through one‐step electro‐reduction of CO2 in molten carbonate Li2CO3−Na2CO3−K2CO3 at 580 °C. SPC4‐0.5 (spongy porous carbon obtained by electrolysis of CO2 at 4 A for 0.5 h) is synthesized with the current efficiency of 96.9 %. SPC4‐0.5 possesses large electrolyte ion accessible surface area, excellent wettability and electronical conductivity, ensuring the fast and effective mass and charge transfer, which make it an advcanced supercapacitor electrode material. SPC4‐0.5 exhibits a specific capacitance as high as 373.7 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, excellent cycling stability (retaining 95.9 % of the initial capacitance after 10000 cycles at 10 A g−1), as well as high energy density. The applications of SPC4‐0.5 in quasi‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor and all‐solid‐state flexible devices for energy storage and wearable piezoelectric sensor are investigated. Both devices show considerable capacitive performances. This work not only presents a controllable and facile synthetic route for the porous carbons but also provides a promising way for effective carbon reduction and green energy production.
Influence of Fine Ligand Substitution Modification of the Isocyanidometal Bridge on Metal‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer Properties in Class II–III Mixed Valence Complexes
Authors: Xu Qing‐Dou , Zhang Lin‐Tao , Zeng Chen , Yang Yu‐Ying , Su Shao‐Dong , Hu Sheng‐Min , Wu Xin‐Tao , Sheng Tian‐Lu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of Class II–III mixed valence complexes have been an interesting topic due to their special intermediate behaviour between localized and delocalized mixed valence complexes. To investigate the influence of the isocyanidometal bridge on metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT) properties, a family of new isocyanidometal‐bridged complexes and their one‐electron oxidation products cis‐[Cp(dppe)Fe−CN−Ru(L)2‐NC−Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]n (n=2, 3) (Cp=1,3‐cyclopentadiene, dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, L=2,2’‐bipyridine (bpy, 1[PF6]n), 5,5’‐dimethyl‐2,2’‐bipyridyl (5,5’‐dmbpy, 2[PF6]n) and 4,4’‐dimethyl‐2,2’‐bipyridyl (4,4’‐dmbpy, 3[PF6]n)) have been synthesized and fully characterized. The experimental results suggest that all the one‐electron oxidation products may belong to Class II–III mixed valence complexes, supported by TDDFT calculations. With the change of the substituents of the bipyridyl ligand on the Ru centre from H, 5,5’‐dimethyl to 4,4’‐dimethyl, the energy of MMCT for the one‐electron oxidation complexes changes in the order: 13+<23+<33+, and that for the two‐electron oxidation complexes decreases in the order 14+>34+>24+. The potential splitting (ΔE1/2(2)) between the two terminal Fe centres for N[PF6]2 are the largest potential splitting for the cyanido‐bridged complexes reported so far. This work shows that the smaller potential difference between the bridging and the terminal metal centres would result in the more delocalized mixed valence complex.