bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental pathologies on magnetic resonance imaging in delayed milestones pediatric patients
Authors: Shahzad Ghazala , Hasan Shaikh Aashfa , Khimani Vashdev , Aziz Peer Asad , Nisar Zeeshan , Ahad Pir Abdul 
Published: April 2021

Background: Delayed in achieving milestones is a rare but still devastating effect with a vast amount of etiologies resides in it. At least 89% of patients with development delay showed additional clinical features. One of the best techniques used to investigate such patients is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI helps in the early diagnosis of children's delayed milestones that helps for parental counselling and identifies any recurrence risk in patients’ siblings. The study aims to identify the incidental pathologies on MRI in patients with developmental delay.
Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study of MRI that includes 22 patients diagnosed with additional clinical features associated with developmental delay. All the patients enrolled in the study were recruited from Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro and Hyderabad, developing decay for six months from January 2019 to June 2019. History and clinical examination with MRI of the included study participants were made on GE 1.5 Tesla with appropriate sequence after sedation. Various anatomical structures like ventricles, corpus Collosum etc., were further examined systematically.
Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled in the study, including 11 male and 11 female. MRI findings suggest that most of the presentations, i.e. 45.5% in the study, were around 2-5 years. Furthermore, mostly founded incidental pathologies were atrophic brain (13.6%), enlarged arachnoid Space (13.6%) and Sinusitis (13.6%). Besides this, Canavan Disease and sigmoid sinus thrombosis were found together. MRI scans suggest that sinusitis usually involved mastoid antrum most often and, in some cases, it is found together with a subdural hematoma and mucosal enlargement.
Conclusion: In conclusion, MRI findings in delayed milestones patient's show atrophic brain (13.6%), enlarged arachnoid spaces (13.6%) and sinusitis (13.6%). All these are not uncommon pathologies that can be the inductive factor for the pathogenesis of delayed milestone brains. This suggests that further cross-sectional studies are required to develop the findings associated with clinical features regarding incidental pathologies in developmental delay in pediatric patients.
Mahram for Women Hajj Pilgrims: Analysis of ‘illat and Development of Mahram Meaning
Authors: Busyro Busyro , Ismail Ismail , Wadi Fajrul , Tarihoran Adlan Sanur , Rosman Edi 
Published: April 2021

Discussion of the obligations of mahram for women in carrying out the pilgrimage has been discussed since the period of classical scholars to modern age. In fact, for women the pilgrimage is a means of jihad for them. Various thoughts have been put forward by scholars to interpret the Hadith about mahram, starting from textual understanding, which still requires mahram, to the discovery of ‘illat. This last understanding leads to the conclusion that having mahram is no longer necessary because the security as ‘illat can be realized. It is in this connection that this paper aims to compromise between textual understanding and the study of ‘illat so that it can be a solution for women pilgrims. This study used a descriptive analytical method with ‘illat study approach. The results showed that security for women pilgrims can be realized by using the meaning of mahram in terms of language, namely people who are forbidden to marry each other, so that fellow women is also a mahram. Therefore, their departure together with other women can realize the demands of nash without leaving nash textually.Perbincangan kewajiban mahram bagi perempuan dalam melaksanakan perjalanan haji sudah dibicarakan sejak periode ulama klasik sampai kontemporer. Bahkan, bagi seorang perempuan ibadah haji merupakan sarana jihad bagi mereka. Berbagai pemikiran dikemukakan oleh ulama untuk memaknai hadis tentang mahram, mulai dari pemahaman tekstual, yang masih tetap mewajibkan bermahram, sampai kepada penemuan ‘illat. Pemahaman terakhir ini membawa kepada kesimpulan bahwa bermahram tidak diperlukan lagi karena keamanan sebagai ‘illat sudah dapat direalisasikan. Dalam kaitan inilah tulisan ini bertujuan mengkompromikan antara pemahaman tekstual dengan kajian ‘illat agar bisa menjadi solusi bagi jamaah haji perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripstif analitis dengan pendekatan kajian ‘illat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keamanan bagi jamaah haji perempuan dapat terealisir dengan menggunakan makna mahram dari segi bahasa, yaitu orang-orang yang haram saling menikah, maka sesama perempuan juga termasuk mahram. Oleh karena itu kepergian mereka bersama-sama dengan perempuan lainnya sudah dapat merealisasikan tuntutan nash tanpa meninggalkan nash secara tekstual.
Women's Leadership in Islam with Asbāb al-Wurūd Approach
Authors: Maghfirah Maghfirah , Maulidizen Ahmad , Hasbullah Hasbullah 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze women's leadership with asbâb al-wurûd approach. This research is a library research with a qualitative approach. Data collection methods used are documentation methods from various articles and books. Then it was analyzed using the content analysis method, namely analyzing data that is a descriptive or scientific analysis of premium messages with asbâb al-wurûd approach. The result of this research was Hadith narrated by Bukhârî , al-Tirmidzî and al-Nasâ’î on female leadership, in general, is shaḥîh li dzâtihi. Sanad meets the requirements, that is, sanad muttashil, râwî is also tsîqah and protected from syuzûz and ‘illat. Textually, the majority of scholars explicitly state the prohibition of female leadership. At the same time, contextually, Islam does not prohibit women from becoming leaders or heads of state, provided they can perform their duties. Therefore, Hadith Abû Bakrah must be understood contextually using the asbâb al-wurûd approach because the content of the instruction is temporal. The similarity of this study with previous research is that the Hadith analyzed is Hadith Abû Bakrah on women's leadership by analyzing sanad and matan, while the difference is that this research uses asbâb al-wurûd approachTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kepemimpinan perempuan dengan pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd. Penelitian ini merupakan library research, jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dan difokuskan pada penelaahan, pengkajian dan pembahasan literatur klasik dan modern yang berkaitan dengan hukum kepemimpinan wanita sebagai obyek dari penelitian ini. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode ta’lîlî sebagai sudut pandang penalaran dalam menganalisa permasalahan yang dikaji, serta pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd dalam menetapkan hukum. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dari berbagai artikel dan buku. Kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis isi, yaitu menganalisis data yang bersifat deskriptif atau analisis ilmiah terhadap pesan premium dengan pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Hadith yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhârî , al-Tirmidzî dan al-Nasâ’î tentang kepemimpinan perempuan secara umum adalah shaḥîh li dzâtihi. Sanad memenuhi persyaratan, yaitu, sanad muttashil, râwî juga tsîqah dan dari syuzûz dan ‘illat. Secara teks, mayoritas ulama secara eksplisit menyatakan larangan kepemimpinan perempuan, sedangkan secara kontekstual, Islam tidak melarang perempuan untuk menjadi pemimpin atau kepala negara dengan syarat mereka mampu melaksanakan tugas. Oleh karena itu, Hadis Abû Bakrah harus dipahami secara kontekstual menggunakan pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd, karena isi instruksi bersifat temporal. Kesamaan dari penelitian ini dengan penelitian sebelumnya adalah bahwa Hadis yang dianalisis adalah Hadis Abû Bakrah tentang kepemimpinan perempuan dengan menganalisis sanad dan matan, sedangkan perbedaannya adalah penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd.
Women and Divorce in Ponorogo, East Java: Responsibility of The Husband in The Family
Authors: Muzakki M. Harir , Rabbani Lubis Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas , Imtinah Anis Hidayatul 
Published: April 2021

A divorce is closely related to the absence of the husband's responsibility in a family. A wife has no right to propose divorce as long as the husband, as the head of the family, can carry out his obligations materially and non-materially. This paper tries to reveal why women propose divorce and how wives view their husbands' responsibilities as the family's head. This article results from field research in the Ponorogo District and uses data derived from interviews with eight female informants who proposed a legal divorce. As the head of the family, a husband has both material and nonmaterial responsibilities to his wife. This responsibility is the husband's obligation to his wife that must be fulfilled. The husband's material obligations are to provide a living, which includes feeding, providing shelter, and clothing. Meanwhile, the nonmaterial duties are to educate, guide, protect, love, and respect. The results of this study indicate that the wives proposed for legal divorce because their husbands, as to the head of the family, do not carry out their material responsibilities; that is, they do not fulfill their obligation to provide livings for their wife. Husbands also do not meet their nonmaterial duties to their wives.Cerai gugat terkait erat dengan tidak adanya tanggung jawab suami dalam sebuah keluarga. Pada dasarnya, seorang istri tidak berhak mengajukan cerai gugat selama suami sebagai kepala keluarga dapat melaksanakan kewajibannya secara material dan non material. Artikel ini ingin mengungkap mengapa perempuan mengajukan cerai gugat dan bagaimana pandangan istri terhadap tanggung jawab suami sebagai kepala keluarga. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan di Kapubaten Ponorogo dan menggunakan data yang bersumber dari hasil wawancara dengan delapan informan perempuan yang mengajukan cerai gugat. Seorang suami sebagai kepala keluarga memiliki tanggung jawab material dan non material kepada istri. Tanggung jawab tersebut merupakan kewajiban suami terhadap istri yang harus ditunaikan. Adapun kewajiban suami yang bersifat material adalah memberi nafkah yang meliputi memberi makan, menyediakan tempat tinggal dan pakaian. Sedangkan kewajiban bersifat non material adalah mendidik, membimbing, melindungi, menyayangi dan menghargai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para istri mengajukan cerai gugat karena suami sebagai kepala keluarga tidak bertanggung jawab secara material, yakni tidak menunaikan kewajibannya memberi nafkah kepada istri. Para suami juga tidak menjalankan kewajibannya non material kepada istrinya.
Development of Phet Simulation-Assisted Inquiry Model Learning in Elasticity Materials
Authors: Yuliana Yuliana , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Doyan Aris , Pineda Chester Ian S. 
Published: April 2021

This research aims to produce Phet simulation-assisted guided inquiry model learning devices on valid, effective, and practical elasticity materials. This research uses research and development (R&D methods with research models developed are 4D Models consisting of Define, design, development, and disseminate stage. Products from research in the form of syllabus, Learning Implementation Plan, Student Worksheet, and Instrument Learning Results Test. The results showed that 1) the validity results of the six validators using content validity ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) calculations showed a value of 1 (very valid) for all developed products, 2) teacher and learner responses to learning referring to the guided incubation learning model assisted by Phet simulation is very practical, as well as 3) guided incubation learning model-assisted Phet simulation is effectively used in learning. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the development of learning devices is valid, effective, and practical
"62": Un modelo inenarrable (Cortázar y la escritura)
Authors: Berg Walter Bruno 
Published: April 2021

Hay que escribir, un día, la semiótica de los títulos de Cortázar. Para quien sabe leer, títulos como: "La continuidad de los parques" o "Rayuela", encierran una proposición de lectura altamente significativa. Ahora bien, la tesis que voy a exponer es la siguiente: El título "62. Modelo para armar", puede entenderse como el planteamiento de una pregunta de la cual el mismo texto de la novela constituye una respuesta. Opinamos que el título, ya propone lo que Roland Batthes ha llamado el "código hermenéutico" (1), sólo que el "enigma" que aquí se le propone al lector —al contrario del llamado "texto clásico" (2)— no concierne tanto al nivel "dierético" (es decir, los acontecimientos de la acción, el desarrollo de la constelación de los personajes, etc.) como al nivel de la misma escritura.
Darwin, la teoría de la evolución y la naturaleza humana
Authors: Bobbio Rosas Fernando 
Published: April 2021

Es cierto que ya desde los primeros filósofos, muchísimos autores han escrito acerca de la evolución de las especies —o, si queremos, de la transformación de unas especies en otras con el transcurso del tiempo—. Sin embargo, a lo largo de más de dos milenios y medio, todas estas formulaciones, desde las de los filósofos jonios hasta las de los autores decimonónicos —cuyo más completo exponente fue el caballero de Lamarck—, fueron meros vislumbres, simples especulaciones, afirmaciones sin respaldo o tesis apoyadas en argumentaciones deficientes.
Theoretical and practical aspects of the use of biomarkers in chronic heart failure
Authors: Babichev D. P. , Rudyk Yu. S. , Medentseva O. O. 
Published: April 2021

Heart failure (HF) remains a major problem in the modern healthcare system, which is a significant cause of hospitalizations, disability and mortality among the population. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) remains one of the main criteria for distribution HF patients into groups and on which the tactics of observation and treatment depend. The European Society of Cardiology distinguishes HF with preserved EF, HF with mid‑range EF, and HF with a reduced EF. Recently, to assess the risks, scientists have divided patients with HF into the following phenotypes according to the left ventricular ejection fraction: stable HF with preserved EF, stable HF with a reduced EF, HF with an increase in EF and HF with a decrease in EF. It has been proven that the lowest mortality rate in the HF group with an increase in EF is 17 %, and the highest mortality rate in the HF group with a decrease in EF is 43 %. From this point of view, special attention is drawn to the HF with mid‑range EF group, since the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients of this group changes more actively than in others (according to studies, after 1 year, the left ventricular ejection fraction increased in 44 % of patients, and decreased in 16 % of cases). To predict changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction, it is promising to determine the levels of biomarkers in the blood. It is known that NT‑proBNP is the most studied and informative cardiac biomarker. Its level in blood plasma correlates with the left ventricular ejection fraction, but focusing only on it is impossible to predict changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction. Moreover, the accuracy of NT‑proBNP determination in the diagnosis and prediction of heart failure is only 75 — 80 %. Other most researched biomarkers, such as galectin‑3, sST‑2, GDF‑15, and high‑sensitivity troponins, separately from each other, were ineffective in predicting changes in left ventricular ejection fraction. Therefore, a multi‑marker forecasting strategy is gaining popularity. The article talks about chronic heart failure (CHF), gives its definition and classification by the left ventricular ejection fraction. A review of modern studies demonstrating the relevance of predicting changes in left ventricular ejection fraction is given, data on the main promising cardiac biomarkers, such as NP, galectin‑3, sST‑2, GDF‑15 and highly sensitive troponins, their advantages and disadvantages in diagnosis and risk stratification in patients with CHF. Including the results of studies of furin, which is a pro‑BNP‑convertase and a promising cardiac biomarker as a component of a multimarker model for predicting the course of heart failure.
Analisis Desain Gagang Cangkul Berdasarkan Antropometri Petani Pria dan Beban Kerja Penggunanya pada Lahan Sawah Di Kecamatan Wedung, Demak, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Sari Tri Novita , Fil’aini Raizummi , Cahyani Dwi 
Published: April 2021

<em><span lang="EN-US">Hoe is a manual shoveling tool to cultivate on narrow land. Shoveling in Demak is still done manually using human labor, so causing fatigue and even injury. Conformity between the machine/tools in this case the hoe with its users is needed in order to create an effective, comfortable, safe, healthy and efficient work atmosphere. The anthropometric data is needed to create this conformity. This study aims to analyze suitable hoe handle based on anthropometric data of male farmer in Wedung district, Demak, Central Java to find out farmer workload (qualitative and quantitative workload and energy cost (kcal/min.kg, kcal/ha.kg dan kcal/quintal.kg) from each farmer who used the hoe. The four male farmers using heart rate parameter were observed to find out energy cost and workload. Based on anthropometric data, the recommended hoe handle design that suitable for farmers in Wedung district, Demak, Central Java are 79 cm for length, 2.08 cm for diameter of center hoe handle grip, 2.48 for diameter of bottom grip and 9.94 cm for length of top to center hoe handle grip. The qualitative workload, the hoe-shoveling activity is categorized as “heavy work” which is in average consuming 10322.5 kcal/ha energy cost per hectare, and 11.11 kcal/quintal energy cost per quintal shoveling work of soil.</span></em>
The Histopathological Spectrum and Clinico-Pathological Concordance in 85 Cases of Skin Biopsy: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Jha Harendra Kumar , Pokharel Achyut 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Skin disease is common in developing countries but the spectrum varies widely. Skin biopsy is an important tool in confirming or establishing diagnoses in cases with diagnostic dilemmas. And, there may be a discrepancy between clinical and pathological diagnoses.
Objective
To determine the spectrum of histological diagnoses in skin disease and to know the consistency between clinical and pathological diagnoses.
Materials and methods
A retrospective review of histological and clinical diagnoses was done at a multi-specialty hospital. A total of 85 cases were included in the study. Clinical and histological data along with demographic details, the site of the biopsy was noted. Concordance between clinical and pathological diagnosis was determined as concordant, partially concordant and discordant.
Results
There were 60% female and 40% male patients out of 85 biopsies. The most common age group was 31-40 years and the mean age was 41.24 years. The most common histological spectrum was infectious group in 29.4%, followed by papulosquamous disorders in 22.4% and eczema in 12.9% cases. The concordance between clinical and pathological diagnosis was 60%, while partial concordance was seen in 16.5% and discordance was seen in 23.5% cases.
Conclusion
Skin biopsy is an important tool in confirming clinical diagnoses. There is a wide variation of histological diagnoses and concordance with clinical diagnoses may be increased with proper clinical history, physical findings and differential diagnosis.
A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study Evaluating Haemoglobin, Iron Profile and Thyroid Function Tests in Women with Telogen Effluvium, Female Pattern Hair Loss, and Alopecia Areata
Authors: Amatya Bibush , Joshi Smita 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Hair loss is one of the most frequent complaints for which patients see a dermatologist. The three most common causes of hair loss in women are telogen effluvium, alopecia areata and female pattern hair loss.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate haemoglobin, iron profile and thyroid function tests in women with telogen effluvium, alopecia areata and female pattern hair loss.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH). We recruited female patients with telogen effluvium, alopecia areata or female pattern hair loss who presented to our outpatient department between June 2019 and July 2020. Clinical and demographic data were collected and haemoglobin, serum iron profile and thyroid function investigated.

Results:
A total of 80 patients were recruited in the study period. The most common diagnosis was telogen effluvium (49, 61.25%) followed by alopecia areata (18, 22.5%) and female pattern hair loss (13, 16.25%). Although mean haemoglobin levels were within normal limits, inadequate ferritin levels for normal hair cycle were found in 77.55% of patients with telogen effluvium, 88.89% with alopecia areata and 84.61% with female pattern hair loss. Thyroid abnormalities were less commonly observed with more than 75% of the patients being euthyroid.

Conclusion:
Haemoglobin levels are not representative of true iron status in females with acquired alopecia. We therefore recommend investigating iron profile in all females with telogen effluvium, alopecia areata or female pattern hair loss.
Rotation flap distraction osteogenesis for unicoronal synostosis
Authors: Wong Alvin , Wali Arvin R. , Ryba Bryan , Gupta Mihir , Levy Michael L. , Gosman Amanda A. 
Published: April 2021

Unicoronal craniosynostosis is notoriously difficult to treat, with long-term studies demonstrating high rates of relapse and the need for reoperation using open fronto-orbital advancement. Applying the principles of distraction osteogenesis to cranial vault remodeling has demonstrated promising short-term results that compare favorably with traditional methods, with simultaneous correction of both frontofacial and endocranial morphology, along with significant increases in intracranial volume. Here, the authors demonstrate their technique for rotation flap distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of unicoronal synostosis and provide case examples.
The video can be found here: https://vimeo.com/519505008.
Lambdoid synostosis: endoscopic craniectomy
Authors: Jimenez David F. 
Published: April 2021

Lambdoid craniosynostosis leads to significant deformational changes of the calvaria and cranial fossae. Surgery used to treat the condition typically consists of a calvarial vault remodeling (CVR) procedure whereby the entire occiput is removed and reshaped along with a bandeau advancement to give the patient a rounded occiput. As an option, this video presents the minimally invasive endoscopic craniectomy used at the author's institution, which was developed there and has been successfully used for 25 years. This procedure is simple and can be done rapidly, with minimal to no blood loss. The video details the key steps necessary to successfully perform the procedure.
The video can be found here: https://vimeo.com/515746378.
Gigli saw facilitates safe minimal access sagittal suturectomy in infants
Authors: Lober Robert M. , Vachhrajani Shobhan , Mancho Salim , Kamian Kambiz 
Published: April 2021

The authors describe the use of the Gigli saw for craniectomy in minimal access surgery to address sagittal craniosynostosis. This modification allows for supine positioning and avoidance of potential brain compression with endoscopic instruments, and provides visually clear, safe, and facile removal of the fused suture and surrounding calvaria.
The video can be found here: https://vimeo.com/511568750.