bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can leadership quality buffer the association between emotionally demanding work and risk of long-term sickness absence?
Authors: Rugulies Reiner , Sørensen Jeppe Karl , Madsen Ida E H , Nordentoft Mads , Sørensen Kathrine , Framke Elisabeth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We examined whether the association between emotionally demanding work and risk of register-based long-term sickness absence (LTSA, ≥6 weeks) was buffered by high leadership quality among 25 416 Danish employees during 52-week follow-up. Emotional demands were measured at the job group level, whereas leadership quality was measured by workers rating their closest manager. Emotionally demanding work was associated with a higher risk of LTSA, regardless if leadership quality was high or low, with neither multiplicative nor additive interaction. We conclude that we found no evidence for high leadership quality buffering the effect of emotionally demanding work on risk of LTSA.
Biostatistical prediction of genes essential for growth of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a human promyelocytic cell line using a random transposon mutant library
Authors: O'Conor M Catherine , Herron Michael J , Nelson Curtis M , Barbet Anthony F , Crosby F Liliana , Burkhardt Nicole Y , Price Lisa D , Brayton Kelly A , Kurtti Timothy J , Munderloh Ulrike G 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ap), agent of human anaplasmosis, is an intracellular bacterium that causes the second most common tick-borne illness in North America. To address the lack of a genetic system for these pathogens, we used random Himar1 transposon mutagenesis to generate a library of Ap mutants capable of replicating in human promyelocytes (HL-60 cells). Illumina sequencing identified 1195 non-randomly distributed insertions. As the density of mutants was non-saturating, genes without insertions were either essential for Ap, or spared randomly. To resolve this question, we applied a biostatistical method for prediction of essential genes. Since the chances that a transposon was inserted into genomic TA dinucleotide sites should be the same for all loci, we used a Markov chain Monte Carlo model to estimate the probability that a non-mutated gene was essential for Ap. Predicted essential genes included those coding for structural ribosomal proteins, enzymes involved in metabolism, components of the type IV secretion system, antioxidant defense molecules and hypothetical proteins. We have used an in silico post-genomic approach to predict genes with high probability of being essential for replication of Ap in HL-60 cells. These results will help target genes to investigate their role in the pathogenesis of human anaplasmosis.
Molecular evidence of introgression of Asian germplasm into a naturalCastanea sativaforest in Spain
Authors: Alcaide Francisco , Solla Alejandro , Cuenca Beatriz , Martín M Ángela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvidence has been documented in Europe of introgression, the transfer of genetic material, between Asian chestnut species (Castanea crenata and C. mollissima) and the native C. sativa through spontaneous hybridization and subsequent backcrossing. However, the extent of this introgression has not been monitored in a particular forest stand or in adult and juvenile trees simultaneously. We assessed introgression in a natural C. sativa forest in northwest Spain and developed a reliable method to detect the presence of Asian germplasm of Castanea spp. A total of 34 adult trees and 42 saplings were genotyped at 13 SSRs in a forest where ink-disease-resistant C. crenata and C. mollissima seedlings had been planted in the 1940s. The 13 SSR loci selected were highly polymorphic and 115 different alleles were detected for the individuals sampled. Bayesian clustering identified two groups for C. sativa and one group each for C. mollissima and C. crenata. Within the forest, 70.6 per cent of adults and 28.6 per cent of juveniles were classified as pure C. sativa. Most juveniles were C. sativa × C. crenata (&gt;40 per cent) and ca. 10 per cent were C. crenata × C. mollissima hybrids. Six new alleles private to C. crenata are reported here. The study quantifies, for the first time in Europe, introgression of Asian germplasm into a natural C. sativa forest. It also examines the extent of introgression in offspring and provides a method to detect exotic germplasm in C. sativa forests. We discuss why the forest studied may benefit from transfer of alleles involved in ink-disease resistance and why introgression will be detrimental to drought tolerance in offspring.
The Evolution of Interdependence in a Four-Way Mealybug Symbiosis
Authors: Garber Arkadiy I , Kupper Maria , Laetsch Dominik R , Weldon Stephanie R , Ladinsky Mark S , Bjorkman Pamela J , McCutcheon John P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mealybugs are insects that maintain intracellular bacterial symbionts to supplement their nutrient-poor plant sap diets. Some mealybugs have a single betaproteobacterial endosymbiont, a Candidatus Tremblaya species (hereafter Tremblaya) that alone provides the insect with its required nutrients. Other mealybugs have two nutritional endosymbionts that together provision these same nutrients, where Tremblaya has gained a gammaproteobacterial partner that resides in its cytoplasm. Previous work had established that Pseudococcus longispinus mealybugs maintain not one but two species of gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts along with Tremblaya. Preliminary genomic analyses suggested that these two gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts have large genomes with features consistent with a relatively recent origin as insect endosymbionts, but the patterns of genomic complementarity between members of the symbiosis and their relative cellular locations were unknown. Here, using long-read sequencing and various types of microscopy, we show that the two gammaproteobacterial symbionts of P. longispinus are mixed together within Tremblaya cells, and that their genomes are somewhat reduced in size compared with their closest nonendosymbiotic relatives. Both gammaproteobacterial genomes contain thousands of pseudogenes, consistent with a relatively recent shift from a free-living to an endosymbiotic lifestyle. Biosynthetic pathways of key metabolites are partitioned in complex interdependent patterns among the two gammaproteobacterial genomes, the Tremblaya genome, and horizontally acquired bacterial genes that are encoded on the mealybug nuclear genome. Although these two gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts have been acquired recently in evolutionary time, they have already evolved codependencies with each other, Tremblaya, and their insect host.
Homology and Modular Evolution of CATCHR at the Origin of the Eukaryotic Endomembrane System
Authors: Santana-Molina Carlos , Gutierrez Fernando , Devos Damien P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe membrane trafficking is an essential process of eukaryotic cells, as it manages vesicular trafficking toward different parts of the cell. In this process, membrane fusions between vesicles and target membranes are mediated by several factors, including the multisubunit tethering complexes. One type of multisubunit tethering complex, the complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods (CATCHR), encompasses the exocyst, COG, GARP, and DSL1 complexes. The CATCHR share similarities at sequence, structural, and protein-complex organization level although their actual relationship is still poorly understood. In this study, we have re-evaluated CATCHR at different levels, demonstrating that gene duplications followed by neofunctionalization, were key for their origin. Our results, reveals that there are specific homology relationships and parallelism within and between the CATCHR suggesting that most of these complexes are composed by modular tetramers of four different kinds of proteins, three of them having a clear common origin. The extension of CATCHR family occurred concomitantly with the protein family expansions of their molecular partners, such as small GTPases and SNAREs, among others, and likely providing functional specificity. Our results provide novel insights into the structural organization and mechanism of action of CATCHR, with implications for the evolution of the endomembrane system of eukaryotes and promoting CATCHR as ideal candidates to study the evolution of multiprotein complexes.
A 15-Year Review of Iatrogenic Burn Injuries in an Academic Public Hospital
Authors: Andersen Emily S , Powell Lauren E , Marcaccini Robert L , Feldman Michael J , Drake Mack D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hospital-acquired burn injuries can result in increased length of hospitalization, costs of stay, and potential for additional procedures. The aim of this study was to describe iatrogenic burn injuries over a 15-year period at an academic public hospital system. Data was collected from January 2004 to June 2019. Data included time of injury, hospital location, mechanism, level of harm caused, and anatomic location of the injury. Demographic information included patient age, gender, body mass index, payer status, primary admission diagnosis and length of stay. 122 patients were identified through an internal hospital database that tracked reported injuries. Incidence was highest between 2005–2012 (12.3 ± 4.1 per year) when compared with 2013–2019 (2.9 ± 2.1 per year). A majority (77%) resulted in harm caused to the patient. Most (41%) of the injuries occurred on the general medical floors, followed by the operating room (33.6%). The most common etiology was scald (23%), followed by electrocautery (14.8%). Five of the injuries resulted in burn consults, although none of these patients required surgery. Iatrogenic burns appear to be decreasing. While a majority were reported to have caused patient harm, none were serious enough to warrant surgery. Most injuries occurred on the medical floors with a scald mechanism. This review presents an opportunity to emphasize in-hospital burn prevention, as well as an opportunity for the burn team to affect change in concert with hospital administration.
Ovarian endosalpingiosis mimicking hydrosalpinges. Unexpected intraoperative findings and a diagnostic rollercoaster
Authors: Muirhead Fleur C , Lee Hong L , Singh Rajeev 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Over 80 % of ovarian cancer diagnoses are in women aged over 50 years. Post-menopausal women are at significantly increased risk compared with other age groups. Tumour biomarkers and ultrasound assist with diagnostics. A post-menopausal woman was referred with a possible left adnexal cyst on ultrasound. A tertiary gynaecological ultrasound suggested bilateral hydrosalpinges without cysts. Tumour markers were negative. Unexpectedly, while undergoing a laparoscopy, the tubes were normal in appearance; however, multiple cystic deposits suspicious for malignancy were noted on the ovaries. A laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed without spillage and pelvic washings obtained. On histopathology, the ovaries contained multiple, benign epithelial cysts and pelvic washings were negative. This case demonstrates an unanticipated peri-operative diagnostic dilemma. It highlights the surgical management decisions required to balance duty of care and consent compliance within the scope of general gynaecology. It emphasizes the importance of histopathological examination to confirm diagnoses.
GalaxyNet: connecting galaxies and dark matter haloes with deep neural networks and reinforcement learning in large volumes
Authors: Moster Benjamin P , Naab Thorsten , Lindström Magnus , O’Leary Joseph A 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the novel wide and deep neural network GalaxyNet, which connects the properties of galaxies and dark matter haloes and is directly trained on observed galaxy statistics using reinforcement learning. The most important halo properties to predict stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) are halo mass, growth rate, and scale factor at the time the mass peaks, which results from a feature importance analysis with random forests. We train different models with supervised learning to find the optimal network architecture. GalaxyNet is then trained with a reinforcement learning approach: for a fixed set of weights and biases, we compute the galaxy properties for all haloes and then derive mock statistics (stellar mass functions, cosmic and specific SFRs, quenched fractions, and clustering). Comparing these statistics to observations we get the model loss, which is minimized with particle swarm optimization. GalaxyNet reproduces the observed data very accurately and predicts a stellar-to-halo mass relation with a lower normalization and shallower low-mass slope at high redshift than empirical models. We find that at low mass, the galaxies with the highest SFRs are satellites, although most satellites are quenched. The normalization of the instantaneous conversion efficiency increases with redshift, but stays constant above z ≳ 0.5. Finally, we use GalaxyNet to populate a cosmic volume of (5.9 Gpc)3 with galaxies and predict the BAO signal, the bias, and the clustering of active and passive galaxies up to z = 4, which can be tested with next-generation surveys, such as LSST and Euclid.
The Clinical Practice Model for Persons with Dementia: Application to Music Therapy
Authors: Reschke-Hernández Alaine E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Currently, no drug can cure or effectively mitigate symptoms for the growing number of individuals who live with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. As they experience declines in memory, communication, and thinking—symptoms that undermine social initiative, autonomy, and well-being—these individuals become increasingly dependent on others. Evidence regarding the benefits of music therapy for persons with dementia is growing. Nonetheless, limitations in existing research have hindered knowledge regarding the use and appropriate application of music as a form of treatment with this population. This article describes the development of The Clinical Practice Model for Persons with Dementia, which provides a theoretical framework to inform evidence-based practice, illustrated here in application to music therapy. Specifically, the model is intended to prompt purposeful application of strategies documented within a broad literature base within 6 thematic areas (Cognition, Attention, Familiarity, Audibility, Structure, and Autonomy); facilitate clinical decision-making and intervention development, including music interventions; and encourage discourse regarding relationships between characteristics of the intervention, the therapist, the person with dementia, and their response to intervention. The model comprises a set of testable assumptions to provide direction for future research and to facilitate the description and investigation of mechanisms underlying behavioral interventions with this population. Although the model is likely to evolve as knowledge is gained, it offers a foundation for holistically considering an individual’s needs and strengths, guidance for applying music and nonmusic strategies in evidence-based practice, and direction for future research.
Mechnetor: a web server for exploring protein mechanism and the functional context of genetic variants
Authors: González-Sánchez Juan Carlos , Ibrahim Mustafa F R , Leist Ivo C , Weise Kyle R , Russell Robert B 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdvances in DNA sequencing and proteomics mean that researchers must now regularly interrogate thousands of positional gene/protein changes in order to find those relevant for potential clinical application or biological insights. The abundance of already known information on protein interactions, mechanism, and tertiary structure provides the possible means to understand these changes rapidly, though a careful and systematic integration of these diverse datasets is first needed. For this purpose, we developed Mechnetor, a tool that allows users to quickly explore and visualize integrated mechanistic data for proteins or interactions of interest. Central to the system is a careful cataloguing of diverse sources of protein interaction mechanism, and an efficient means to visualize interactions between relevant and/or known protein regions. The result is a finer resolution interaction network that provides more immediate clues as to points of intervention or mechanistic understanding. Users can import protein, interactions, genetic variants or post-translational modifications and see these data in the best known mechanistic context. We demonstrate the tool with topical examples in human genetic diseases and cancer genomics. The tool is freely available at: mechnetor.russelllab.org.
The Cell Fate Controlling CLE40 Peptide Requires CNGCs to Trigger Highly Localized Ca2+ Transients inArabidopsis thalianaRoot Meristems
Authors: Breiden Maike , Olsson Vilde , Blümke Patrick , Schlegel Jenia , Gustavo-Pinto Karine , Dietrich Petra , Butenko Melinka A , Simon Rüdiger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommunication between plant cells and their biotic environment largely depends on the function of plasma membrane localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs). Major players in this communication within root meristems are secreted peptides, including CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION40 (CLE40). In the distal root meristem, CLE40 acts through the RLK ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (ACR4) and the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) RLK CLAVATA1 (CLV1) to promote cell differentiation. In the proximal meristem, CLE40 signaling requires the LRR receptor-like protein CLAVATA2 (CLV2) and the membrane localized pseudokinase CORYNE (CRN) and serves to inhibit cell differentiation. The molecular components that act immediately downstream of the CLE40-activated receptors are not yet known. Here, we show that active CLE40 signaling triggers the release of intracellular Ca2+ leading to increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in a small subset of proximal root meristem cells. This rise in [Ca2+]cyt depends on the CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE GATED CHANNELS (CNGCs) 6 and 9 and on CLV1. The precise function of changes in [Ca2+]cyt is not yet known but might form a central part of a fine-tuned response to CLE40 peptide that serves to integrate root meristem growth with stem cell fate decisions and initiation of lateral root primordia.
An Innovative Model Integrating an Academic-Practice Partnership in an RN-BSN Program
Authors: Katz Kathi S. , Czerwinski Sandra J. , Lockett Leslie J. , Munro Jacqueline C. , Gwartney Tiffany S. , Gore Teresa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Research demonstrates a higher concentration of bachelor of science in nursing (BSN)-prepared registered nurses improves patient care outcomes. To increase the BSN workforce, one academic institution, in collaboration with a practice partner, formed an academic-practice partnership. Strategic actions included the development of the integration model for the RN-BSN program as a framework for program expansion, curricular revision, nurse leader faculty integration, and student clinical placement. Partnership outcomes included the acceptance of all qualified applicants for admission, clinical placement secured for all students, excellent course evaluation ratings for faculty, and development of a sustainable and transferrable model.
Role of clinical history in beta-lactam hypersensitivity
Authors: Plager Jessica , Judd Allen , Blumenthal Kimberly 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of Review
Understand how the clinical history has been used to risk stratify patients reporting a beta-lactam allergy, both in clinical care pathways and predictive models.

Recent findings
Drug allergy clinical care pathways have emerged as a safe and effective method of stratifying patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy into risk categories, with ‘low-risk’ patients able to proceed straight to direct challenges or test doses. These methods have streamlined antibiotic stewardship policies and penicillin allergy de-labeling. However, how to define ‘low-risk’ has been subject to much debate. New research has developed predictive models that utilize the clinical history to assess a patient's true risk of beta-lactam allergy.

Summary
The clinical history has long been an essential part of drug allergy evaluation and has proven invaluable within the past decade in the development of drug allergy clinical pathways. Evidence-based predictive models that use the clinical history to assess a patient's true risk of beta-lactam allergy offer tremendous promise, but differ in crucial areas such as the populations they study, the predictor variables they use, and the ultimate accuracy they attain. These models highlight key aspects of the drug allergy history and pave the way for future large-scale research.
Frameworks for trainee education in the nonoperating room setting
Authors: Beal Benjamin , Du Austin L. , Urman Richard D. , Gabriel Rodney A. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
As the volume and types of procedures requiring anesthesiologist involvement in the nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) setting continue to grow, it is important to create a formal curriculum and clearly define educational goals.

Recent findings
A NORA rotation should be accompanied by a dedicated curriculum that should include topics such as education objectives, information about different interventional procedures, anesthesia techniques and equipment, and safety principles. NORA environment may be unfamiliar to anesthesia residents. The trainees must also learn the principles of efficiency, rapid recovery from anesthesia, and timely room turnover. Resident education in NORA should be an essential component of their training. The goals and objectives of the NORA educational experience should include not only developing the clinical knowledge necessary to implement the specific type of anesthetic desired for each procedure, but also the practical knowledge of care coordination needed to safely and efficiently work in the NORA setting.

Summary
As educators, we must foster and grow a resident's resilience by continually challenging them with new clinical scenarios and giving them appropriate autonomy to take risks and move outside of their comfort zone. Residents should understand that exposure to such unique and demanding environment can be transformative.
Impact of dietary intake of sodium and potassium on short-term blood pressure variability
Authors: Chang Hao-Chih , Wu Chung-Li , Lee Yu-Hsuan , Gu Ya-Hui , Chen Yi-Ting , Tsai Yi-Wen , Chuang Shao-Yuan , Guo Chao-Yu , Chen Chen-Huan , Cheng Hao-Min 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Sodium trial showed that dietary sodium and potassium affect blood pressure (BP). We aimed to investigate whether dietary sodium and potassium affect short-term BP variability (BPV) in addition to BP.

Methods:
A total of 343 participants from the DASH-Sodium trial (age 48.4 ± 9.7, 42.5% men) and 323 individuals from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) (age 56.7 ± 11.2, 30.7% men) with satisfactory ambulatory BP monitoring records and 24-h urine collection were included. Average real variability (ARV) was calculated as a measure of short-term BPV.

Results:
By estimating dietary intake from urinary excretion, we observed that higher urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with higher diastolic ARV in both studies. Among the DASH-Sodium trial, potassium-rich DASH diet alone had insignificant effect on both systolic (−0.1 ± 1.7 mmHg, P = 0.343) or diastolic ARV (−0.2 ± 1.5 mmHg, P = 0.164), whereas combined DASH diet and low sodium intake significantly reduced both systolic (8.5 ± 1.6 vs. 8.9 ± 1.7 mmHg, P = 0.032) and diastolic ARV (7.5 ± 1.5 vs. 7.8 ± 1.6 mmHg, P = 0.025) as compared with control diet and high sodium intake. As the reduction of systolic ARV was majorly derived from the change of mean SBP, diastolic ARV was significantly determined by urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (β coefficient ± standard error: 0.012 ± 0.004; P = 0.006) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, mean DBP, BMI, and race.

Conclusion:
Dietary sodium and potassium can jointly modulate short-term BPV in addition to BP. Combined DASH diet and low sodium intake may reduce systolic and diastolic ARV via different mechanisms.