bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications in patients with neurological impairment after gastrostomy
Authors: Sakamoto Saki , Hashizume Naoki , Fukahori Suguru , Ishii Shinji , Saikusa Nobuyuki , Higashidate Naruki , Aramaki Shuichi , Matsuo Yusaku , Takeshita Eiko , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Yamashita Yushiro , Yagi Minoru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeurological impairment (NI) is responsible for most conditions that require a permanent gastrostomy tube. The present study assessed the occurrence of short‐ and long‐term complications after video‐assisted gastrostomy (VAG) in patients with NI.MethodsThe incidence of short‐ (<6 months) and long‐term (over 2 years) complications of VAG were analyzed in a retrospective study. The differences between the incidence of the complications of VAG according to the age at surgery (≤15 years vs. ≥16 years) were also evaluated. The short‐ and long‐term complications observed were granulation tissue formation, infection requiring antibiotic treatment, skin problems, perigastrostomy leakage, vomiting, accidental tube dislodgement, dumping syndrome, ileus, and peritonitis.ResultsEighty‐two patients were evaluated for short‐ and long‐term complications. The long‐term complication rate was significantly lower than the short‐term complication rate (P = 0.0026). Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index before VAG in patients with long‐term complications was significantly lower than in patients without such complications (P = 0.046). The incidence of long‐term granulation tissue formation, infection, and vomiting were significantly lower than those of similar short‐term complications. Long‐term skin problems were associated with short‐term skin problems (odds ratio: 18.95; 95% confidence interval: 4.53–92.98; P < 0.001). The number of patients ≥16 years old with short‐ and long‐term skin problems was significantly higher than in patients ≤15 years old (P = 0.0014 and P = 0.0073, respectively).ConclusionsThe incidence rate of granulation tissue formation and infection after VAG were lower in the long term than in the short term. However, patients ≥16 years old presented with persistent complications.
I despise but also envy you: A dyadic investigation of perceived overqualification, perceived relative qualification, and knowledge hiding
Authors: Li Christina S. , Liao Huiyao , Han Yuqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntegrating relative deprivation (Crosby, 1984) and social comparison (Buunk & Gibbons, 2007) theories, this paper extends perceived overqualification to the dyad level with perceived relative qualification, and proposes that the two may lead to employees’ knowledge hiding from relevant peers through a complex interpersonal process. Across two studies, with 940 dyadic‐level observations (Study 1) and 245 dyadic‐level observations (Study 2), respectively, the social relations modeling analyses revealed that an employee who perceived himself/herself as overqualified for the job was more likely to hide knowledge from his/her peers on the team. Furthermore, when the employee perceived himself/herself as relatively more qualified than a specific peer, he/she was more likely to hide knowledge from this peer because he/she was both contemptuous and envious of this peer. Finally, the relationship between the focal employee's relative qualification to a specific peer and his/her knowledge hiding from this peer via his/her contempt and envy of this peer, respectively, was stronger when his/her perceived overqualification was low than when it was high. Implications for theory, practice and future research are discussed.
Photobleaching of Erythrosine B in Aqueous Environment Investigation Beyond pH†
Authors: Kravchenko Olga , Sutherland Todd C. , Heyne Belinda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the scientific literature, the term aqueous environment is loosely employed as it encompasses a broad range of different buffering agents. While there is an increasing number of experimental evidence that point toward specific buffer effects extending far beyond pH, the impact of the chemical nature of the buffering ions is often disregarded, especially in photochemical studies. Herein, we highlighted the importance of buffer specific effects on both the photobleaching and the singlet oxygen quantum yields of a dye in aqueous environments. For this study, we chose erythrosine B (EB) as our model photosensitizer as its photochemistry and photobleaching are well documented in the literature. We followed EB’s photobleaching via absorption spectroscopy in four different aqueous solvents, including pure water, phosphate, Tris and HEPES buffer. These buffer systems were selected because they are commonly used in biochemical and biological applications. Our results show that specific buffer effects cannot be neglected. Indeed, the singlet oxygen quantum yield for EB is significantly different in HEPES compared to the other solvents. Furthermore, we showed that EB’s photoproduct is highly dependent on the nature of the chemical buffer being used.
Intravenous immunoglobulin‐induced severe vesicular eczematous eruption successfully treated with narrow band‐ultraviolet B therapy
Authors: Koizumi Rina , Fukumoto Takeshi , Jimbo Haruki , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are increasingly being used to treat a wide spectrum of dermatological and neurological autoimmune diseases. Although the administration of IVIg does not usually result in severe adverse reactions, side effects of IVIg reportedly occur in 6‐13% of patients. Most reported cases were not severe, and IVIg is considered a relatively safe drug. Some reports described a vesicular eczematous eruption caused by IVIg that was cured by applying topical steroid ointments or systemic steroids. Herein, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of severe vesicular eczematous eruption all over the body induced by IVIg that was unresponsive to topical steroid ointment and was subsequently treated with narrow band‐ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) therapy successfully. NB‐UVB was started at a dose of 400 mJ/cm2 once a week, and swift improvement was observed. The skin rash disappeared in the first 2 months, and the pathogenesis of IVIg‐induced eczematous eruption remains unelucidated. No change in eosinophils and complement levels were observed in our case. Given the increase in the widespread use of IVIg, we have shown that NB‐UVB therapy is a candidate choice for the treatment of IVIg‐induced severe vesicular eczematous eruption.
Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment induces abscisic acid production, reduces stomatal aperture and improves seedling growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang J. , Cui D. , Wang L. , Du M. , Yin Y. , Ma R. , Sun H. , Jiao Z. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPPs) have been widely used for pre‐sowing treatment in agriculture to accelerate seed germination; however, information on their application to pre‐transplant seedlings is scarce. The roles of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) on guard cell aperture that control air exchange with the environment were investigated after CAPPs treatment.

In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth was evaluated under CAPPs treatment at different doses. Besides, the optimal growth stimulation dose was selected to further evaluate changes in ABA, ROS, Ca2+ and stomatal aperture during growth .The expression of most ABA signalling genes were aslo examined to investigate the mechanism.

CAPPs treatment for 1 min significantly promoted Arabidopsis seedling growth; the ABA concentration in seedlings increased and peaked 48 h after treatment but was lower than in the control after 96 h. Transcript levels of most ABA signalling genes were markedly enhanced at 48 h, although their transcripts were significantly downregulated after 96 h. CAPPs treatment also reduced stomatal aperture after 24 h and accelerated ROS accumulation in guard cells. The Ca2+ concentration in the treatment group was markedly higher than in the control at 24 and 96 h.

The results suggest that CAPPs treatment accelerates ABA accumulation in Arabidopsis at early growth stages and ABA regulates ROS and Ca2+ concentrations to affect stomatal aperture, and both ABA and stoma size are affected in CAPPs stimulation of Arabidopsis seedling growth.
Stratification of methotrexate‐induced oral ulcers in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Magdy Eman , Ali Shereen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThere is a deficiency in the data concerning the clinical forms of methotrexate‐induced oral ulcers. This study was conducted to stratify clinical forms of methotrexate‐induced oral ulcers in rheumatoid arthritis patients.MethodsThis study included rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving methotrexate as monotherapy. All eligible patients were subjected to thorough clinical examination and full history to identify oral events. Drug history, dose, and duration of MTX were recorded.ResultsAmong 794 rheumatoid arthritis patients, mean methotrexate dose and duration were 14.3 mg/week and 5.2 years, respectively. Oral ulcers were detected in 6.2% of the patients and 30% of the patients reported previous oral ulcers. Among the detected oral ulcers, 44.9% manifested as deep irregular ulcers, 30.6% presented as aphthous‐like ulcers, 14.3% were diffuse mucositis, and 10.2% appeared as lichenoid reaction.ConclusionMethotrexate‐induced oral ulceration could be localized or generalized. Localized forms were more noticed than generalized forms. Higher doses and longer durations of methotrexate were detected among patients with generalized oral ulcers.
Cross‐strata palaeocurrent analysis using virtual outcrops
Authors: Freitas Bernardo T. , Silva Leonardo H. G. , Almeida Renato P. , Galeazzi Cristiano P. , Figueiredo Heitor G. , Tamura Larissa N. , Janikian Liliane , Figueiredo Felipe T. , Assine Mario L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough virtual outcrops or digital outcrop model applications in geological studies are becoming increasingly common, virtually no attention has been given to acquisition of palaeocurrent data from cross‐strata. Palaeocurrent indicators are abundant in the sedimentary record, mainly as cross‐strata, and present compelling implications for basin analysis, plate tectonics and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, as well as for sediment transport systems. Palaeocurrents from cross‐strata also comprise a quantifiable parameter in sedimentary successions that can be used in quantitative modelling of depositional architecture with implications for reservoir characterization through outcrop analogue studies. A common obstacle in obtaining large cross‐strata orientation datasets is the limited access to steep and high outcrop faces, as well as financial and time restrictions on field work. To overcome these issues, the simplest workflow for drone‐based acquisition, photogrammetric processing and analysis of virtual outcrops aiming at the attainment of palaeocurrent data from cross‐strata is appraised here. The results show that orientations of cross‐beds measured on virtual outcrops, with and without ground control points, and using two different levels of resolution downsampling, are comparable to field measurements using analogue and electronic devices. Time and financial resources can thus be saved by using the straightforward method presented here to supplement palaeocurrent mapping across wide areas and distinct stratigraphic intervals.
Limiting labels: Opportunities to learn and college readiness among English language learners
Authors: Nguyen Kieu My 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver a fifth of California's public schools' students have limited access to college and career pathways due to being labeled an “English‐language learner (ELLs).” As reported by the California Department of Education, in the 2017–2018 school year, of the over 6.2 million students in California, nearly 1.3 million students are categorized as ELLs. The ELL label states students “whose difficulties in speaking, reading, writing, or understanding English may (my emphasis) limit his or her ability to (1) achieve in classrooms where English is the language of instruction and (2) access opportunities to fully participate in society.” Aligned with deficit thinking models, the US school system interprets “may” as “will” and makes decisions that negatively impact a large body of students across the country. The growing body of research reveals that many with the ELL label have been and continue to be intentionally underserved, limited access to postsecondary education, tracked into low‐rigor and stigmatizing course pathways, and are deliberately unsupported to become college‐ready, furthering the inequities in education and limiting options for quality k‐12 educational experiences. The system becomes blinded by the label and ignores students with ELL labels' abilities and capacities to learn. So how are students with ELL labels supposed to become college‐ready, let alone career‐ready? For the purposes of this critical literature review, I will focus on exploring the existing structures that define “college‐readiness” and the disparities created by the intentional tracking of students with the ELL label in comparison to their non‐ELL peers.
The role of context in shaping HIV testing and prevention engagement among urban refugee and displaced adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda: findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Okumu Moses , Kibuuka Musoke Daniel , Hakiza Robert , Mwima Simon , Kacholia Vibhuti , Kyambadde Peter , Kiera Uwase Mimy , Mbuagbaw Lawrence ,   the Migrant Health Dermatology Working Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore experiences, preferences and engagement with HIV testing and prevention among urban refugee and displaced adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda, with a focus on the role of contextual factors in shaping access and uptake.MethodsThis qualitative community‐based study with urban refugee and displaced youth aged 16–24 living in Kampala’s informal settlements involved five focus groups (FG), including two with young women, two with young men, and one with sex workers from March to May 2019. We also conducted five in‐depth key informant interviews. We conducted thematic analysis informed by Campbell and Cornish’s conceptualisation of material and symbolic contexts.ResultsRefugee/displaced youth participants (n = 44; mean age: 20.25, SD: 2.19; men: n = 17; women: n = 27) were from the Democratic Republic of Congo (n = 29), Rwanda (n = 11), Burundi (n = 3) and Sudan (n = 1). Participant narratives reflected material and symbolic contexts that shaped HIV testing awareness, preferences and uptake. Material contextual factors that presented barriers to HIV testing and prevention engagement included transportation costs to clinics, overcrowded living conditions that limited access to private spaces, low literacy and language barriers. Symbolic contexts that constrained HIV testing engagement included medical mistrust of HIV testing and inequitable gender norms. Religion emerged as an opportunity to connect with refugee communities and to address conservative religious positions on HIV and sexual health.ConclusionEfforts to increase access and uptake along the HIV testing and prevention cascade can meaningfully engage urban refugee and displaced youth to develop culturally and contextually relevant services to optimise HIV and sexual health outcomes.
McKesson® lubricating jelly and Aquasonic® ultrasound gel can be used as bolus materials for radiation therapy
Authors: Gualtieri Patricia , Pethel Timothy D. , Ducker Evan , Nagata Koichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBolus materials are commonly used for both human and veterinary radiation therapy (RT). Commercially available bolus materials often leave an air gap between the bolus and the skin which can lead to underdosing of the tumor. This prospective exploratory study evaluated the 6 MV X‐ray and electron beam (6, 9, and 12 MeV) attenuating properties for two alternative bolus materials: McKesson lubricating jelly® (MLJ) and Aquasonic 100 Ultrasound gel® (AUG). The results comparing MLJ and water for 12 MeV and 9 MeV electron beams showed <3% difference, however, no other significant differences in radiation dose between water and MLJ nor AUG were seen. Findings demonstrated that both AUG and MLJ have radiation dose attenuating properties similar to water and supported use of these materials as alternative bolus materials for veterinary radiation therapy applications.
Azimuthal Mode Characteristics of Rotating Instability in Axial Compressor Using Compressed Sensing Method
Authors: Tian Jie , Sun Zonghan , Zhang Xiaopu , Ouyang Hua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A signal reconstruction algorithm based on the compressed sensing (CS) theory with dual-uniform sampling point (DUSP) distribution is developed and applied to identify the azimuthal mode of axial compressor. A regular failure signal pattern is found, and the corresponding explanation is presented with validation. Azimuthal mode analysis is applied to both numerical and experimental pressure fluctuation signals of rotating instability (RI) in the axial compressor tip region. For numerical calculations, the signal in the azimuthal mode domain is reconstructed by the CS with random measurement points and DUSP, respectively. The success rates and reconstruction errors are discussed in detail. It is shown that the azimuthal mode reconstruction method based on CS combined with DUSP is capable of identifying the complex flow modes in the tip region of the axial compressor. For the experimental results, high azimuthal mode orders are reconstructed based on dynamic pressure signals measured by DUSP. Azimuthal mode analysis efficiency is thereby significantly improved. The time-resolved characteristics of the RI are discussed. Moreover, a robustness analysis is conducted, demonstrating the ability of the CS-based method with DUSP to address sensor failure problems.
Analysis of the Unsteady Flow Field Inside a Fan-Shaped Cooling Hole Predicted by Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Agarwal Shubham , Gicquel Laurent , Duchaine Florent , Odier Nicolas , Dombart Jérôme 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Film cooling is a common technique to manage turbine vane and blade thermal environment. Optimizing its cooling efficiency is furthermore an active research topic which goes in hand with a strong knowledge of the flow associated with a cooling hole. The following paper aims at developing deeper understanding of the flow physics associated with a standard cooling hole and helping guide future cooling optimization strategies. For this purpose, large eddy simulations (LESs) of the 7-7-7 fan-shaped cooling hole are performed and the flow inside the cooling hole is studied and discussed. Use of mathematical techniques such as the fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is done to quantitatively access the flow modal structure inside the hole based on the LES unsteady predictions. Using these techniques, distinct vortex features inside the cooling hole are captured. These features mainly coincide with the roll-up of the internal shear layer formed at the interface of the separation region at the hole-inlet. The topology of these vortex features is discussed in detail and it is also shown how the expansion of the cross section in case of shaped holes aids in breaking down these vortices. Indeed upon escaping, these large-scale features are known to not be always beneficial to film cooling effectiveness.
Large Eddy Simulation Investigations of Periodic Cavitation Shedding With Special Emphasis on Three-Dimensional Asymmetry in a Scaled-Up Nozzle Orifice
Authors: Bai Wenjie , Tijsseling Arris S. , Wang Jun , Duan Quan , Zhang Zaoxiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The periodic shedding of cloud cavitation in a nozzle orifice has a significant influence on the flow field and may have destructive effects. Most of the existing research on the shedding of cloud cavitation in an orifice is based on experimental visualization with a focus on the two-dimensional (2D) motion of the re-entrant jet and the shedding mechanism. However, the actual cloud cavitation shedding in an orifice is a complex three-dimensional (3D) process. Some limited signs of three-dimensionality and asymmetry in cylindrical orifices have been detected recently, but the 3D shedding characteristics remain unclear. In this paper, the cavitation regimes and periodic shedding process in the scaled-up nozzle orifice used by the Stanley experiment were simulated with large eddy simulation (LES). The re-entrant jet and periodic shedding mechanism, as well as, the shedding frequency, were analyzed from 2D and 3D perspectives. The main results show that the simulated cavitation regimes and the 2D periodic shedding mechanism agree fairly well with the experimental observations, but more 3D features are revealed. By analyzing the 3D shedding process and the three-dimensionality caused by the inclination of the closure line, the three-dimensional asymmetric shedding mode with phase difference π is revealed. Based upon this finding, the shedding frequency, and Strouhal number are calculated. The corresponding relationships between shedding frequencies and the frequency peaks of the power spectrum density (PSD) for pressure fluctuations are also confirmed. These results extend the understanding of the unsteady cavitating flow within nozzle orifices from 2D to 3D patterns.
Cr Doped MoS2 Films: Tribological Properties, Microstructure, and Electronic Structure
Authors: Liu Jian , Sui Xudong , Yan Zhen , Huang Guosheng , Hao Junying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cr doped MoS2 films were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The tribological properties of Cr doped MoS2 films under vacuum (VC) and air (AR) environments were investigated. The results show that Cr doped MoS2 film with Cr target power of 0.2 A (0.2 A Cr:MoS2 film) exhibits low friction coefficient and long wear life under both VC and AR environments. The chemical compositions of the films were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). With the increases of Cr target power, the content of Cr increases. The cross-sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) morphologies show that the structure of the films changed from granular particles to column when the Cr target power increases from 0.2 A to 0.4 A. The wear mechanism has also been discussed based on the characteristics of worn surface. The 0.4 A Cr:MoS2 film has the lowest wear volume among these films, which can be attributed to the compact microstructure. The bandgap of Cr doped MoS2 films were measured by XPS and the tribological performance of the film is found to be best when there is a modest bandgap. It can be speculated that the tribological performance of Cr doped MoS2 films are closely related to the width of bandgap.