bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversion of antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant pathogens using non-antibiotic pharmaceutical benzydamine
Authors: Liu Yuan , Tong Ziwen , Shi Jingru , Jia Yuqian , Deng Tian , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance has been a growing concern that gradually undermines our tradition treatment regimens. The fact that few antibacterial drugs with new scaffolds or targets have been approved in the past two decades aggravates this crisis. Repurposing drugs as potent antibiotic adjuvants offers a cost-effective strategy to mitigate the development of resistance and tackle the increasing infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein, we found that benzydamine, a widely used non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug in clinic, remarkably potentiated broad-spectrum antibiotic-tetracyclines activity against a panel of clinically important pathogens, including MRSA, VRE, MCRPEC and tet(X)-positive Gram-negative bacteria. Mechanistic studies showed that benzydamine dissipated membrane potential (▵Ψ) in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which in turn upregulated the transmembrane proton gradient (▵pH) and promoted the uptake of tetracyclines. Additionally, benzydamine exacerbated the oxidative stress by triggering the production of ROS and suppressing GAD system-mediated oxidative defensive. This mode of action explains the great bactericidal activity of the doxycycline-benzydamine combination against different metabolic states of bacteria involve persister cells. As a proof-of-concept, the in vivo efficacy of this drug combination was evidenced in multiple animal infection models. These findings indicate that benzydamine is a potential tetracyclines adjuvant to address life-threatening infections by MDR bacteria.
The conserved single-cleavage mechanism of animal DROSHA enzymes
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Linh , Nguyen Trung Duc , Nguyen Tuan Anh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRNase III enzymes typically cleave both strands of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). We recently discovered that a human RNase III, DROSHA, exhibits a single cleavage on the one strand of primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs). This study revealed that DROSHAs from the other animals, including worms and flies, also show the single cleavage on dsRNAs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the mechanism of single cleavage is conserved in animal DROSHA enzymes. In addition, the dsRNA-binding domain (dsRBD) and a 3p-strand cleavage-supporting helix (3pCSH) of the DROSHA enzymes foster a weak single cleavage on one strand, which ensures their double cleavages. Disrupting the interaction of dsRBD-RNA and 3pCSH-RNA by an internal loop (IL) and a 3pCSH-loop in the lower stem of pri-miRNAs, respectively, inhibits one of the double cleavages of DROSHAs, and this results in the single cleavage. Our findings expand our understanding of the enzymatic mechanisms of animal DROSHAs. They also indicate that there are currently unknown cellular functions of DROSHA enzymes using their single cleavage activity.
Phosphorothioate-DNA bacterial diet reduces the ROS levels in C. elegans while improving locomotion and longevity
Authors: Huang Qiang , Li Ruohan , Yi Tao , Cong Fengsong , Wang Dayong , Deng Zixin , Zhao Yi-Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDNA phosphorothioation (PT) is widely distributed in the human gut microbiome. In this work, PT-diet effect on nematodes was studied with PT-bioengineering bacteria. We found that the ROS level decreased by about 20–50% and the age-related lipofuscin accumulation was reduced by 15–25%. Moreover, the PT-feeding worms were more active at all life periods, and more resistant to acute stressors. Intriguingly, their lifespans were prolonged by ~21.7%. Comparative RNA-seq analysis indicated that many gene expressions were dramatically regulated by PT-diet, such as cysteine-rich protein (scl-11/12/13), sulfur-related enzyme (cpr-2), longevity gene (jnk-1) and stress response (sod-3/5, gps-5/6, gst-18/20, hsp-12.6). Both the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis suggested that neuroactivity pathways were upregulated, while phosphoryl transfer and DNA-repair pathways were down-regulated in good-appetite young worms. The findings pave the way for pro-longevity of multicellular organisms by PT-bacterial interference.
A Bayesian framework for deriving sector-based methane emissions from top-down fluxes
Authors: Cusworth Daniel H. , Bloom A. Anthony , Ma Shuang , Miller Charles E. , Bowman Kevin , Yin Yi , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Zhang Yuzhong , Scarpelli Tia R. , Qu Zhen , Jacob Daniel J. , Worden John R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAtmospheric methane observations are used to test methane emission inventories as the sum of emissions should correspond to observed methane concentrations. Typically, concentrations are inversely projected to a net flux through an atmospheric chemistry-transport model. Current methods to partition net fluxes to underlying sector-based emissions often scale fluxes based on the relative weight of sectors in a prior inventory. However, this approach imposes correlation between emission sectors which may not exist. Here we present a Bayesian optimal estimation method that projects inverse methane fluxes directly to emission sectors while accounting uncertainty structure and spatial resolution of prior fluxes and emissions. We apply this method to satellite-derived fluxes over the U.S. and at higher resolution over the Permian Basin to demonstrate that we can characterize a sector-based emission budget. This approach provides more robust comparisons between different top-down estimates, critical for assessing the efficacy of policies intended to reduce emissions.
Increased microbial expression of organic nitrogen cycling genes in long-term warmed grassland soils
Authors: Séneca Joana , Söllinger Andrea , Herbold Craig W , Pjevac Petra , Prommer Judith , Verbruggen Erik , Sigurdsson Bjarni D , Peñuelas Josep , Janssens Ivan A , Urich Tim , Tveit Alexander T , Richter Andreas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Global warming increases soil temperatures and promotes faster growth and turnover of soil microbial communities. As microbial cell walls contain a high proportion of organic nitrogen, a higher turnover rate of microbes should also be reflected in an accelerated organic nitrogen cycling in soil. We used a metatranscriptomics and metagenomics approach to demonstrate that the relative transcription level of genes encoding enzymes involved in the extracellular depolymerization of high-molecular-weight organic nitrogen was higher in medium-term (8 years) and long-term (&gt;50 years) warmed soils than in ambient soils. This was mainly driven by increased levels of transcripts coding for enzymes involved in the degradation of microbial cell walls and proteins. Additionally, higher transcription levels for chitin, nucleic acid, and peptidoglycan degrading enzymes were found in long-term warmed soils. We conclude that an acceleration in microbial turnover under warming is coupled to higher investments in N acquisition enzymes, particularly those involved in the breakdown and recycling of microbial residues, in comparison with ambient conditions.
LncRNA SNHG6 knockdown inhibits cisplatin resistance and progression of gastric cancer through miR-1297/BCL-2 axis
Authors: Mei Jiazhuan , Liu Guiju , Li Ruijun , Xiao Peng , Yang Dan , Bai Hua , Hao Yibin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) resistance is a huge obstacle to gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been manifested to exert pivotal functions in GC development. Herein, we aimed to explore the functional impact of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) on DDP resistance and progression of GC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay or Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of SNHG6, microRNA(miR)-1297, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors and B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in DDP-resistant GC cells. Half inhibition concentration (IC50) to DDP, clonogenicity, apoptosis and invasion were examined via CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay, respectively. Target association between miR-1297 and SNHG6 or BCL-2 was demonstrated via dual-luciferase reporter assay or RIP assay. Xenograft models in nude mice were formed to investigate role of SNHG6 in vivo. We found that SNHG6 and BCL-2 were up-regulated, while miR-1297 expression was declined in GC tissues and DDP-resistant cells. Moreover, depletion of SNHG6 or gain of miR-1297 could repress DDP resistance, proliferation and metastasis of DDP-resistant cells, which was weakened by miR-1297 inhibition or BCL-2 overexpression. Besides, SNHG6 positively regulated BCL-2 expression by sponging miR-1297. Furthermore, SNHG6 knockdown repressed GC tumor growth in vivo. In a word, lncRNA SNHG6 knockdown had inhibitory effects on DDP resistance and progression of GC by sponging miR-1297, highlighting its potential in GC treatment.
Das akute Koronarsyndrom in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin
Authors: Schieffer Bernhard , Kreutz Julian , Markus Birgit , Schäfer Ann-Christin 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDas akute Koronarsyndrom (ACS) ist eine häufige Arbeitsdiagnose in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin. Durch den potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Verlauf sind eine schnelle Diagnostik und Einleitung von Therapiemaßnahmen entscheidend. Dabei stehen extrahospital antithrombotische Medikamente und eine Therapie der Begleitsymptomatik im Vordergrund. Ein zügiger Transport in die Klinik für eine perkutane Koronarintervention (PCI) ist notwendig.
Clinical impact of whole-body 68Ga-PSMA I&T PET/CT: lesion frequency and added benefit in lower extremities
Authors: Stolzenbach Lara Franziska , Löcherbach Florian , Maurer Tobias , Berliner Christoph , Wargenau Katharina , Pose Randi , Steuber Thomas , Tian Zhe , Budäus Lars , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Köhler Daniel , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Sauer Markus , Apostolova Ivayla Ilieva 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim Few small-scaled studies performed systematic analysis of the benefits of extending prostate specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography/ computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA I&T PET/CT) to the lower extremities in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We hypothesized that 68Ga-PSMA I&T PET/CT positive lesions are rare in lower extremities of prostate cancer (PCa) patients, the clinical implication is negligible and may therefore be omitted.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1,068 PCa patients who received 68Ga-PSMA I&T PET/CT in a single institution (2016–2018). Of those, 285 (26.7%) were newly diagnosed, 529 (49.5%) had biochemical recurrence (BCR) and 254 (23.8%) were castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients.
Results Of 1,068 68Ga-PSMA I&T PET/CTs, positive lesions in the lower extremities were identified in 6.9% patients (n=74). Positive lesions in the lower extremities were most common in CRPC patients (19.7%; n=50), followed by newly diagnosed (3.2%; n=9) and BCR (2.8%; n=15) PCa patients. Only 3 patients presented with exclusive lesions in the lower extremities, respectively 0.8% (n=2) in CRPC and 0.4% (n=1) in newly diagnosed PCa. Both CRPC (94.1%, n=47) and BCR (80.0%, n=12) patients with PSMA-positive lesions predominantly received systemic therapy.
Conclusion Identification of lower extremities lesions with PSMA PET/CT is uncommon and exclusive lesions are rare. PSMA PET/CT findings of the lower extremities did not change therapy management. Thus, scanning of the lower extremities can be omitted in standard protocols.
Anästhesiologische Lehre in Zeiten von Corona – von der Präsenzlehre zum Hybridmodell
Authors: Gröne Julie , Wagner Jasmin , Lotz Christopher , Haller Elisabeth , Skazel Tobias , Meybohm Patrick , Happel Oliver , Wurmb Thomas , König Sarah , Kranke Peter 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungAm 14.03.2020 wurde eine erste bayernweite Ausgangsbeschränkung verhängt und der Hochschullehrbetrieb in seiner bekannten Form drastisch eingeschränkt. Für Intensivmediziner und Anästhesisten ergab sich vielerorts durch die außergewöhnliche Inanspruchnahme bei der Behandlung kritisch kranker Patienten und die Neustrukturierung und Aufrechterhaltung des Lehrbetriebs ein besonderes Spannungsfeld. Wir berichten über die Neuausrichtung des Seminars Anästhesie in einem online abgehaltenen Flipped Classroom und die Entwicklung hin zu einem Hybridmodell. Es konnte so unter schwierigen Rahmenbedingungen eine gleichwertige Wissensvermittlung gewährleistet und gleichzeitig das Lehrkonzept weiterentwickelt werden.
Effektivität stationärer und teilstationärer
psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutischer Behandlung
Authors: Hirt Anne-Regina , Croy Ilona , Joraschky Peter , Kreßner-Kiel Denise , Schellong Julia , Wolff Silvia , Keller Andrea , Hanßke Amalia , Noack René , Schiling Christoph , Coenen Anne , Weidner Kerstin 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung (Teil-)stationäre Psychotherapie ist in Deutschland
gut implementiert. Um Wirksamkeitsfaktoren und Effekte besser zu verstehen, sind
Effektivitätsstudien notwendig. Diese naturalistische Studie untersucht
die Effektivität stationärer und teilstationärer
Psychotherapie sowie patientenzentrierte und störungsbezogene
Einflussfaktoren auf individuelle Symptomverbesserungen.
Methoden Analysiert werden Patient*innen einer
psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutischen Universitätsklinik, die in den
Jahren 2015 bis 2019 behandelt wurden und das BSI-18 entweder bei Aufnahme und
Entlassung (N=1366) oder bei Aufnahme und Dreimonatskatamnese
(N=497) ausfüllten.
Ergebnisse Die Verbesserungen in der globalen Symptomschwere zeigen
moderate Effektstärken. Deskriptiv sind diese größer bei
teilstationärer als bei stationärer Behandlung–besonders
im Follow-up-Vergleich (direkt nach Entlassung:
dstationär=0.401, dteilstationär=0,482; drei
Monate nach Entlassung: dstationär=0,403,
dteilstationär=0,807). Die teilstationären unterscheiden
sich signifikant von den stationären Patient*innen –
gering in Alter, Beschäftigungsstatus, Arbeitsfähigkeit und
initialen Symptombelastungen, moderat in der Anzahl psychischer
Komorbiditäten und stark in ihren Hauptdiagnosen. Soziodemographische
Faktoren zeigen keinen, die initiale Symptomschwere einen moderaten positiven
und die Anzahl psychischer Komorbiditäten einen komplexen Einfluss auf
die Symptomverbesserungen.
Diskussion Allgemein bestätigt diese Studie die Wirksamkeit
(teil-)stationärer psychosomatischer Therapie. Die Relevanz
teilstationärer Angebote wird vor dem Hintergrund von Kosteneffizienz
und guter Integration in den Alltag betont, unter Beachtung individueller
Behandlungsindikationen.
A Study on the Prediction of Reproductive Outcomes in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles by Calculating the Volume of Uterine Junctional Zone with Three-Dimensional Ultrasound
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Lei , Wang MeiXian , Jiang Yu , Xia TingTing , Yue QingXiong , Sha YuJia , Huang Ying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose To prospectively study the inﬂuence of the volume of the uterine junctional zone (JZ) as a novel predictor of reproductive outcomes in frozen embryo transfer cycles.
Methods Among the first 30 patients, intra- and interobserver repeatability was evaluated and expressed as a coefficient of repeatability. The same classification system was used to evaluate the JZ of 142 infertility patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Ultrasonography was performed on the day before transplantation. The three-dimensional (3D) volume images were then analyzed to obtain the volume of the endometrium (EV), the average thickness of the JZ on the coronal plane, and the volume of the JZ (JZV). The JZV was then divided by the EV. These parameters were compared with the outcomes of clinical pregnancy.
Results The 3D image showed that the JZ achieved a good intra- and interobserver consistency (k = 0.862, k = 0.694). The total pregnancy rate was 47%. There was a highly significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women with respect to age (p < 0.001), JZV (p = 0.003), and JZV/EV (p < 0.001) on the day before transplantation. Age and JZV/EV were independent factors for predicting the success of IVF transplantation (p = 0.010, p = 0.016). The area under the ROC curve of JZV/EV in predicting clinical pregnancy was 0.688, the cut-off value was 0.54, the sensitivity was 83.8%, and the specificity was 50.0%.
Conclusion Age and JZV/EV are independent factors for predicting the success of frozen embryo transfer cycles in IVF. A smaller JZV/EV was more beneficial for clinical pregnancy.
Clinical and Sonographic Classification of Neurofibromas in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 – A Cluster Analysis
Authors: García-Martínez Francisco Javier , Alfageme Fernando , Duat-Rodríguez Anna , Andrés Esteban Eva María , Hernández-Martín Angela 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose High-frequency ultrasound allows the accurate identification of neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This study aimed to analyze the ultrasound features of neurofibromas in children with NF1, to establish a classification based on the clinical and sonographic patterns of the different types of neurofibromas, and to evaluate the interobserver correlation coefficient (κ) of this classification.
Materials and Methods In this prospective, single referral center observational study, clinical and ultrasound findings of neurofibromas in children diagnosed with NF 1 were analyzed. To identify the ultrasound patterns, a cluster analysis allowing the inclusion of both clinical and ultrasound data was designed. The κ coefficient was calculated using 9 external evaluators.
Results 265 ultrasound scans were performed on a total of 242 neurofibromas from 108 children diagnosed with NF1. Cluster analysis allowed the identification of 9 patterns (Snedecorʼs F, P < 0.001) classified as “classic” cutaneous neurofibroma, blue-red neurofibroma, pseudoatrophic neurofibroma, nodular subcutaneous neurofibroma, diffuse subcutaneous neurofibroma, congenital cutaneous neurofibroma, congenital plexiform neurofibroma, congenital diffuse and plexiform neurofibroma, and subfascial neurofibroma. The κ coefficient of the interobserver ratings was 0.82.
Conclusion Patterns identified in the cluster analysis allow neurofibromas to be classified with a very high interobserver correlation.
Gemeinsam mehr erreichen
Authors: Roßius Sabrina , Hunger Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungSolidarität und Miteinander für ein übergeordnetes Ziel: eine bessere Versorgung von Patienten und gute Rahmenbedingungen für Pflegefachkräfte. Lesen Sie, warum Verbandsarbeit als tragende Säule der Gesellschaft Sinn stiftet und den persönlichen Horizont erweitert.
Gestationsdiabetes
Authors: Fard Delnaz , Brodowski Lars , von Kaisenberg Constantin S. 
Published: November 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZiel: Review der Literatur zu Schwangeren mit Gestationsdiabetes, die ein erhöhtes peripartales Risiko aufweisen, welches im Rahmen des geburtshilflichen Managements Beachtung finden sollte.Methodik: Systematische Literaturrecherche.Ergebnisse: Als Gestationsdiabetes wird ein erstmals in der Schwangerschaft auftretender bzw. diagnostizierter Diabetes bezeichnet. Die Pathophysiologie und das Risikoprofil entsprechen dem des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Eine entscheidende Rolle spielen dabei, neben einer genetischen Disposition, der mütterliche Body-Mass-Index, der Lebensstil sowie frühere Schwangerschaften mit Gestationsdiabetes. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt durch einen 75 g oralen Glukosetoleranztest, meist bei 24–28 Schwangerschaftswochen. Die Folgen für die Mutter sind vor allem die schwangerschaftsinduzierte Hypertonie und Präeklampsie sowie im Verlauf die erhöhte Inzidenz für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse. Intrapartal zeigen sich zudem eine erhöhte Sectio-Rate bei fetalem Large for gestational age und ein erhöhtes Risiko für höhergradige Geburtsverletzungen und atone Nachblutungen. Die Therapie schließt sowohl die Lifestyle-Modifikation als auch die medikamentöse Therapie mit Insulin ein.Schlussfolgerungen: Durch die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung durch adäquate Testverfahren und konsequent eingeleitete Therapien kann das peripartale maternale und fetale Risiko reduziert werden.
Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles by Iodine-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Methyl Ketones with 4-Phenylsemicarbazide
Authors: Leng Yuting , Wu Yangjie , Zhang Shanshan , Liu Chuang , Wu Xiaojun , Li Wen , Li He , Wang Shiwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn efficient one-pot method has been developed to access 5-amino-2-(het)aroyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles through I2/DMSO-promoted oxidative cyclization of 4-phenylsemicarbazide with (het)aryl methyl ketones under mild conditions. This reaction proceeds smoothly with a wide range of methyl ketones containing various functional groups to give the corresponding products in moderate yields under mild conditions.
Magnetic Resonance Morphometry of Normal Cerebral Aqueduct in South Indian Population
Authors: Raveendranath Veeramani , Dash Prafulla Kumar , Kavitha Thangaraj , Nagarajan Krishnan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) connects the third and fourth ventricles of the brain, and the shape of the aqueduct varies. The aim of the study is to assess the morphometry of the cerebral aqueduct in normal south Indian adult population and to look for pattern by shape, if any.
Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty normal brain MR images (75 males and 75 females) using 3D heavily T2-weighted sequence were analyzed for various normal parameters of cerebral aqueduct. Mean and standard deviation were calculated. Based on the shape of the aqueduct, an attempt was made to classify them. Unpaired t-test was used to assess any significant difference between age groups and gender. The intraclass coefficient correlation was used to analyze the interobserver variability.
Results The mean value of the length of the cranial and caudal part of aqueduct in males were 0.69 cm and 0.86 cm and in females 0.65 cm and 0.80 cm, respectively. The length was more in males, and it was statistically significant (p = 0.006 and 0.02). There are four types of cerebral aqueduct based on shape.
Conclusion MRI is considered as the investigation of choice for preoperative planning of brain operative procedures. The MR morphometric evaluation of cerebral aqueduct provides precise knowledge about the anatomy and may be of help in the diagnosis and treatment by endoscopic neurosurgery.
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Sacrum: A Rare Scenario
Authors: Acharya Ashish , Grewal Sarvpreet Singh , Paul Sudhakar B John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBenign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) of bone is quite rare, and here we report the second case of such tumor originating from sacrum, with the first being reported in an 18-year-old female. The overlapping clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings make it a difficult diagnosis along with the fact that it is a rare diagnosis. In this case report, we present the diagnostic difficulties and optimal treatment for such cases. A 46-year-old male w presented to OPD with complaint of numbness in left foot since 1 month, and intermittent urinary incontinence for 2 weeks. On examination, the straight leg raising test was positive of left side, extensor hallucis longus (EHL) was weak in both lower limbs, and bilateral ankle jerks were diminished. MRI showed well-defined lobulated solid mass lesion, which is T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense and homogeneously involving the S1 vertebral body, with involvement of the right sacral ala, and right sacral foramen seen at S1 and S2 levels extending into the spinal canal till L4 level. Excision through a posterior midline incision was performed taking care to preserve the traversing nerves. Postoperatively, remarkable improvement in pain with no major residual neurological deficit was observed. Patient was followed-up till 9 months; patient’s incontinence improved over a period of 3 months and has stayed the same until the last follow-up.