bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Testing Strategies and Duration of Quarantine in Contact Tracing for SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study of San Francisco’s COVID-19 Contact Tracing Program, June–August 2020
Authors: Reid M J A , Prado P , Brosnan H , Ernst A , Spindler H , Celentano J , Wall-Shui M , Sachdev D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We sought to assess the proportion of elicited close contacts diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 at the start of and before exiting quarantine in San Francisco. From June 8 to August 31, 6946 contacts were identified: 3008 (46.3%) were tested, 940 (13.5%) tested positive, and 90% tested positive in the first 9 days of quarantine.
Association Between Diabetic Foot Infection Wound Culture Positivity and 1-Year Admission for Invasive Infection: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Branch-Elliman Westyn , Sturgeon Daniel , Karchmer Adolf W , Mull Hillary J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Inpatients with culture-positive diabetic foot infections are at elevated risk for subsequent invasive infection with the same causative organism. In outpatients with index diabetic foot ulcers, we found that wound culture positivity was independently associated with increased odds of 1-year admission for systemic infection when compared with culture-negative wounds.
Limited Index of Clinical Suspicion and Underdiagnosis of Histopathologically Documented Invasive Mold Infections
Authors: Caudron de Coquereaumont Grégoire , Couchepin Jade , Perentes Jean Y , Krueger Thorsten , Lovis Alban , Rotman Samuel , Lamoth Frederic 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Invasive mold infections (IMIs) are difficult to diagnose. This analysis of histopathologically proven IMIs at our institution (2010–2019) showed that 11/41 (27%) of them were not suspected at the time of biopsy/autopsy (9/17, 53% among autopsies). The rate of missed diagnosis was particularly high (8/16, 50%) among nonhematologic cancer patients.
Observational demonstration of a low-cost fast Fourier transform spectrometer with a delay-line-based ramp-compare ADC implemented on FPGA
Authors: Nishimura Atsushi , Matsumoto Takeru , Yonetsu Teppei , Nakao Yuka , Fujita Shinji , Maezawa Hiroyuki , Onishi Toshikazu , Ogawa Hideo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, a novel type of Fourier transform radio spectrometer (termed as all-digital radio spectrometer; ADRS) has been developed in which all functionalities comprising a radio spectrometer including a sampler and Fourier computing unit were implemented as a soft-core on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). A delay-line-based ramp-compare analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which was completely digital, was used, and two primary elements of the ADC, an analog-to-time converter (ATC) and a time-to-digital converter (TDC), were implemented on the FPGA. The sampling rate of the ADRS f and the quantization bit rate n are limited by the relation τ = 1/(2nf), where τ is the latency of the delay element of the delay-line. Given that the typical latency of the delay element implemented on FPGAs is ∼10 ps, the adoption of a low-quantization bit rate, which satisfies the requirements for radio astronomy, facilitates the realization of a high sampling rate up to ∼100 GSa s−1. In addition, as the proposed ADRS does not require a discrete ADC and can be implemented on mass-produced evaluation boards, its fabrication cost is much lower than that of conventional spectrometers. The ADRS prototype was fabricated with values of f = 600 MSa s−1 and n = 6.6 using a PYNQ-Z1 evaluation board, with a τ of 16.7 ps. The performance of the prototype, including its linearity and stability, was measured, and a test observation was conducted using the Osaka Prefecture University 1.85−m mm–submm telescope; this confirmed the potential application of the prototype in authentic radio observations. With a cost performance 10 times better (∼800 USD GHz−1) than conventional radio spectrometers, the prototype facilitates cost-effective coverage of intermediate frequency bandwidths of ∼100 GHz in modern receiver systems.
Paediatric serum sickness-like reaction: A 10-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Del Pozzo-Magaña Blanca R , Abuzgaia Awatif , Murray Barbara , Rieder Michael J , Lazo-Langner Alejandro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSerum sickness-like reaction (SSLR) is an acute inflammatory condition affecting predominantly children. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but drugs are considered the main trigger.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory features, triggers, and treatment modalities in children diagnosed with SSLR.MethodsWe conducted a 10-year retrospective cohort study including all paediatric patients (0 to 18 years old) with query SSLR referred to the Adverse Drug Reactions Clinic at the Children’s Hospital of Western Ontario. Diagnostic criteria included acute skin rash plus joint inflammation with or without fever.ResultsWe included 83 patients (47 females). Age ranged from 11 months to 12 years (mean 3.2 years). Amoxicillin was the trigger in 82.7% of patients. The mean time between the exposure to the triggering drug and the development of the symptoms was 8.5 days. Urticaria-like and Erythema multiforme-like lesions were present in 35% and 38.5% of the cases, respectively. Joint inflammation affecting hands/feet was present in 60%. Pruritus, lip/eye swelling, and fever were reported in 33, 31, and 45% of patients, respectively. The lymphocyte toxicity assay (LTA) showed incremental T-cell toxicity in 32 of 34 patients. Children that received treatment with antihistamines/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plus oral steroids had a mean recovery time shorter than those treated only with antihistamines/NSAIDs (6 versus 8 days; P=0.09).ConclusionsIn our study, SSLR was mostly triggered by amoxicillin and had a mean time presentation of 8.5 days. Further prospective and well-conducted studies are needed.
Implementation and evaluation of a curriculum on the assessment and treatment of disruptive behaviour disorders
Authors: Doja Asif , Pringsheim Tamara , Andrade Brendan F , Cowley Lindsay , Healy Sarah A , Baron Tara , Chan Melissa , DiBartolo Marielena , Gripp Karen , Manos Sarah , Silverman Jason A , Writer Hilary , Gorman Daniel A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs)—which can include or be comorbid with disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder—are commonly seen in paediatric practice. Given increases in the prescribing of atypical antipsychotics for children and youth, it is imperative that paediatric trainees in Canada receive adequate education on the optimal treatment of DBDs. We describe the development, dissemination, and evaluation of a novel paediatric resident curriculum for the assessment and treatment of DBDs in children and adolescents. Pre–post-evaluation of the curriculum showed improved knowledge in participants.
Objectivity in Mathematics, Without Mathematical Objects†
Authors: Pantsar Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI identify two reasons for believing in the objectivity of mathematical knowledge: apparent objectivity and applications in science. Focusing on arithmetic, I analyze platonism and cognitive nativism in terms of explaining these two reasons. After establishing that both theories run into difficulties, I present an alternative epistemological account that combines the theoretical frameworks of enculturation and cumulative cultural evolution. I show that this account can explain why arithmetical knowledge appears to be objective and has scientific applications. Finally, I will argue that, while this account is compatible with platonist metaphysics, it does not require postulating mind-independent mathematical objects.
Racialized Religion and Civic Engagement: Insights into Intra-Muslim Racial Diversity on University Campuses
Authors: Nojan Saugher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSociologists continue to debate the levels of civic participation of multiply marginalized groups. While scholarship traditionally portrayed marginalized groups as disengaged, others have theorized how group identity threat may incite higher engagement levels. Nevertheless, few examine the extent to which marginalized religious groups also have higher levels of civic engagement. This study contributes an empirical account of a racialized-religious community’s civic participation compared to other religious and nonreligious groups while accounting for complex religion (i.e., how religion is embedded with inequality). Drawing on large-scale undergraduate survey data, this article suggests that Muslims’ faith and collective racialized-religious identities enhance their civic participation compared to other religious groups. Findings extend group identity threat and complex religion theories to consider how a racialized-religious identity may produce different engagement patterns within and across religious communities.
Impacts of heifer postweaning residual feed intake classification on reproductive and performance measurements of first-, second-, and third-parity Angus beef females
Authors: Parsons Cory T , Dafoe Julia M , Wyffels Samuel A , Van Emon Megan , DelCurto Timothy , Boss Darrin L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated heifer postweaning residual feed intake (RFI) classification on reproductive and performance measurements of first-, second-, and third-parity Angus beef females. We analyzed the annual, as well as, cumulative production of 347 Angus females from birth through weaning of their third calf. Heifer postweaning RFI was calculated as the actual dry matter intake minus the predicted dry matter intake based on the average daily gain of the contemporary group on an annual basis. Heifers were categorized based on RFI as either low (&lt; −0.50 SD from mean), average (± 0.50 SD from mean), or high (&gt; +0.50 SD from the mean) within year. There was no RFI × Parity interaction (P ≥ 0.14) observed for all production/reproduction traits except for conception rates (P = 0.02). Julian birth date of cows was influenced by RFI classification (P &lt; 0.01) and displayed a quadratic (P = 0.02) effect with high RFI cows being born earlier in the calving season than average RFI cows (71.2 vs. 75.3 d), but did not differ from low RFI cows (74.0 vs. 75.3 d). Cow birth weight, weaning weight, as well as all other cow weight and body condition measurements were not influenced by RFI classification (P ≥ 0.14). As expected, there was a linear increase in cow body weight at weaning with increasing parity (P &lt; 0.01). Cow RFI classification had no influence on progeny weaning weight, birth date, calving interval, or postpartum interval (P ≥ 0.15). Calf birth weights displayed a quadratic parity effect (P &lt; 0.01) with first calf heifers having calves with lower birth weights than second- and third-parity calves. Calf 205-d adjusted weaning weights displayed a quadratic effect (P = 0.01) with first calf heifers weaning lighter calves than second- and third-parity cows. Weaning weight ratio displayed a linear decrease with increasing parity (P &lt; 0.01). Cow conception probability displayed a linear tendency for pregnancy 2 (P = 0.09), and a quadratic tendency for pregnancy 4 (P = 0.07) as a function of RFI classification, but no effects were observed for pregnancy 1 and 3. Cow artificial insemination conception rates differed by year of pregnancy (P &lt; 0.01), but not RFI classification (P = 0.81). In summary, heifer postweaning RFI classification had minimal effects on beef cattle production and reproductive efficiency.
Assessing cross-sector stakeholder readiness to advance and sustain statewide behavioral integration beyond a State Innovation Model (SIM) initiative
Authors: Scott Victoria C , Gold Stephanie B , Kenworthy Tara , Snapper Leslie , Gilchrist Emma C , Kirchner Stephanie , Wong Shale L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Integrated care is recognized as a promising approach to comprehensive health care and reductions in health care costs. However, the integration of behavioral health and primary care is complex and often difficult to implement. Successful and sustainable integration efforts require coordination and alignment both within health care organizations and across multiple sectors. Furthermore, implementation progress and outcomes are shaped by the readiness of stakeholders to work together toward integrated care. In the context of a Colorado State Innovation Model (SIM) effort, we examined stakeholder readiness to advance and sustain partnerships for behavioral health integration beyond the period of grant funding. Partnership readiness was assessed using the Readiness for Cross-sector Partnerships Questionnaire (RCP) in spring 2019. Participants from 67 organizations represented seven sectors: government, health care, academic, practice transformation, advocacy, payer, and other. RCP analyses indicated a moderate level of readiness among Colorado stakeholders for partnering to continue the work of behavioral health integration initiated by SIM. Stakeholders indicated their highest readiness levels for general capacity and lowest for innovation-specific capacity. Five thematic categories emerged from the open-ended questions pertaining to partnership experiences: (a) collaboration and relationships, (b) capacity and leadership, (c) measurement and outcomes, (d) financing integrated care, and (e) sustainability of the cross-sector partnership. Partnering across sectors to advance integrated behavioral health and create more equitable access to services is inherently complex and nonlinear in nature. The RCP usefully identifies opportunities to strengthen the sustainability of integrated care efforts.
Training researchers in dissemination of study results to research participants and communities
Authors: Cunningham-Erves Jennifer , Stewart Elizabeth , Duke Jillian , Akohoue Sylvie A , Rowen Nicole , Lee Omaran , Miller Stephania T 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDissemination of research beyond the academic community is an ethical responsibility of researchers and necessary in translational research to help ensure the uptake of research findings to improve health outcomes. Often, partnerships between community and academicians do not include research dissemination plans, possibly reflecting researchers not knowing how to create these plans. This manuscript details the development process of a research dissemination training module for academicians and researchers. This training was conceptualized and developed by Core faculty and staff. Development steps were: (a) identifying researchers’ dissemination needs using the Core Investigator Survey; (b) identifying communities dissemination needs/preferences using feedback from our community advisory board; (c) conducting a literature search to identify dissemination concepts from researchers and community perspectives; (d) developing the training module; (e) conducting a cognitive review with one basic science researcher and one community-based participatory researcher; (f) evaluating the training; and (g) finalizing the training module. Training attendees included 1 clinical and 3 basic science clinical researchers, a biomedical postdoctoral fellow, and 10 research staff. Of those completing the feedback survey, 60% had some experience with research dissemination. As a result of training, more than 50% of respondents strongly agreed that as researchers they have a clear understanding of dissemination, a greater understanding of the dissemination process, how to identify stakeholders and successfully develop a dissemination plan. While disseminating research findings beyond academic publications may be new to some researchers, this training provided the tools to implement dissemination practices in their current and future research.
Still striding toward social justice? Redirecting physical activity research in a post-COVID-19 world
Authors: Lee Rebecca E , Joseph Rodney P , Blackman Carr Loneke T , Strayhorn Shaila Marie , Faro Jamie M , Lane Hannah , Monroe Courtney , Pekmezi Dorothy , Szeszulski Jacob 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis and parallel Black Lives Matter movement have amplified longstanding systemic injustices among people of color (POC). POC have been differentially affected by COVID-19, reflecting the disproportionate burden of ongoing chronic health challenges associated with socioeconomic inequalities and unhealthy behaviors, including a lack of physical activity. Clear and well-established benefits link daily physical activity to health and well-being—physical, mental, and existential. Despite these benefits, POC face additional barriers to participation. Thus, increasing physical activity among POC requires additional considerations so that POC can receive the same opportunities to safely participate in physical activity as Americans who are White. Framed within the Ecologic Model of Physical Activity, this commentary briefly describes health disparities in COVID-19, physical activity, and chronic disease experienced by POC; outlines underlying putative mechanisms that connect these disparities; and offers potential solutions to reduce these disparities. As behavioral medicine leaders, we advocate that solutions must redirect the focus of behavioral research toward community-informed and systems solutions.
Individualized Thalamic Parcellation Reveals Alterations in Shape and Microstructure of Thalamic Nuclei in Patients with Disorder of Consciousness
Authors: Zheng Weihao , Tan Xufei , Liu Tingting , Li Xiaoxia , Gao Jian , Hong Lirong , Zhang Xiaotong , Zhao Zhiyong , Yu Yamei , Zhang Yi , Luo Benyan , Wu Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The thalamus plays crucial roles in consciousness generation and information processing. Previous evidence suggests that disorder of consciousness (DOC) caused by severe brain injury, is potentially related to thalamic abnormalities. However, how the morphology and microstructure change in thalamic subfields and thalamocortical fiber pathways in patients with DOC, and the relationships between these changes and the consciousness status remain unclear. Here, we generated the individual-specific thalamic parcellation in 10 DOC patients and 10 healthy controls (HC) via a novel thalamic segmentation framework based on the fiber orientation distribution (FOD) derived from 7-Tesla diffusion MRI, and investigated the shape deformation of thalamic nuclei as well as the microstructural changes associated with thalamic nuclei and thalamocortical pathways in patients with DOC. Enlargement of dorsal posterior nucleus and atrophy of anterior nucleus in the right thalamus were observed in DOC cohort relative to the HCs, and the former was closely linked to the consciousness level of the patients. We also found significant reductions of fiber density, but not fiber bundle cross-section, within several thalamic nuclei and most of the thalamocortical fiber pathways, suggesting that loss of axons might take primary responsibility for the impaired thalamocortical connections in patients with DOC rather than the change in fiber-bundle morphology. Furthermore, the individual-specific thalamic parcellation achieved 80% accuracy in classifying patients at the minimally conscious state from the vegetative state, compared with ~60% accuracy based on group-level parcellations. Our findings provide the first evidence for the shape deformation of thalamic nuclei in DOC patients and the microstructural basis of the disrupted thalamocortical connections.
Leaf and tree responses of young European aspen trees to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration vary over the season
Authors: Lauriks Fran , Salomón Roberto Luis , De Roo Linus , Steppe Kathy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) commonly stimulates net leaf assimilation, decreases stomatal conductance and has no clear effect on leaf respiration. However, effects of eCO2 on whole-tree functioning and its seasonal dynamics remain far more uncertain. To evaluate temporal and spatial variability in eCO2 effects, 1-year-old European aspen trees were grown in two treatment chambers under ambient (aCO2, 400 p.p.m.) and elevated (eCO2, 700 p.p.m.) CO2 concentrations during an early (spring 2019) and late (autumn 2018) seasonal experiment. Leaf (net carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and leaf respiration) and whole-tree (stem growth, sap flow and stem CO2 efflux) responses to eCO2 were measured. Under eCO2, carbon assimilation was stimulated during the early (1.63-fold) and late (1.26-fold) seasonal experiments. Stimulation of carbon assimilation changed over time with largest increases observed in spring when stem volumetric growth was highest, followed by late season down-regulation, when stem volumetric growth ceased. The neutral eCO2 effect on stomatal conductance and leaf respiration measured at leaf level paralleled the unresponsive canopy conductance (derived from sap flow measurements) and stem CO2 efflux measured at tree level. Our results highlight that seasonality in carbon demand for tree growth substantially affects the magnitude of the response to eCO2 at both leaf and whole-tree level.
Organic Acid Sanitizers for Natamycin and Other Fungicides in Recirculating Application Systems for Citrus Postharvest Decay Management
Authors: Chen Daniel , Förster Helga , Nguyen Kevin , Adaskaveg James E. 
Published: April 2021

Natamycin is a new postharvest biofungicide for citrus and some other fruit crops in the United States that can be effectively used in recycling drench or flooder treatments. These applications necessitate sanitation of the fungicide solution to ensure that it remains free from contamination by bacteria that are potentially human pathogens. During in vitro experiments, heated (48°C) citric acid (1,100 or 2,200 μg/ml) amended with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) (60 or 120 μg/ml, respectively) significantly reduced the viability of a nonpathogenic strain of Escherichia coli in natamycin solutions by >5 log10 compared with the control. During laboratory studies with Penicillium digitatum-inoculated lemon fruit, 1,000 μg/ml of natamycin mixed with 1,000 μg/ml of lactic acid or citric acid and with or without SDBS (55 μg/ml) effectively and significantly reduced green mold. Natamycin mixed with lactic acid at ≥2,000 μg/ml, however, caused fruit injury, resulting in browning and rind pitting. Natamycin was incompatible with peroxyacetic acid, resulting in reduced efficacy against green mold. Sodium hypochlorite mixed with natamycin lost its toxicity to E. coli; however, the performance of natamycin was not affected. With heated (average 49°C) drench treatments on an experimental packing line, natamycin (1,000 μg/ml), fludioxonil (300 μg/ml), or azoxystrobin (300 μg/ml) mixed with citric acid (1,000 μg/ml) and SDBS (55 μg/ml) were effective against green mold without fruit injury. At a pH between 3.6 and 3.8, citric acid-SDBS significantly reduced the viability of E. coli by approximately 4 log10 in mixtures with fludioxonil or azoxystrobin, but not with natamycin. However, natamycin at 1,000 μg/ml mixed with 2,000 μg/ml of citric acid and SDBS (55 μg/ml) significantly reduced E. coli counts by >4 log10 within 4 min when the pH was maintained between 3.0 and 3.3, and the efficacy of the fungicide was retained. The use of citric acid with a surfactant can be a viable alternative sanitation method for natamycin in citrus packinghouses utilizing heated recirculating fungicide systems.