bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sperm modulate uterine immune parameters relevant to embryo implantation and reproductive success in mice
Authors: Schjenken John E. , Sharkey David J. , Green Ella S. , Chan Hon Yeung , Matias Ricky A. , Moldenhauer Lachlan M. , Robertson Sarah A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeminal fluid factors modulate the female immune response at conception to facilitate embryo implantation and reproductive success. Whether sperm affect this response has not been clear. We evaluated global gene expression by microarray in the mouse uterus after mating with intact or vasectomized males. Intact males induced greater changes in gene transcription, prominently affecting pro-inflammatory cytokine and immune regulatory genes, with TLR4 signaling identified as a top-ranked upstream driver. Recruitment of neutrophils and expansion of peripheral regulatory T cells were elevated by seminal fluid of intact males. In vitro, epididymal sperm induced IL6, CXCL2, and CSF3 in uterine epithelial cells of wild-type, but notTlr4null females. Collectively these experiments show that sperm assist in promoting female immune tolerance by eliciting uterine cytokine expression through TLR4-dependent signaling. The findings indicate a biological role for sperm beyond oocyte fertilization, in modulating immune mechanisms involved in female control of reproductive investment.
Genome-resolved metagenomics suggests a mutualistic relationship between Mycoplasma and salmonid hosts
Authors: Rasmussen Jacob A. , Villumsen Kasper R. , Duchêne David A. , Puetz Lara C. , Delmont Tom O. , Sveier Harald , Jørgensen Louise von Gersdorff , Præbel Kim , Martin Michael D. , Bojesen Anders M. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Kristiansen Karsten , Limborg Morten T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSalmonids are important sources of protein for a large proportion of the human population.Mycoplasmaspecies are a major constituent of the gut microbiota of salmonids, often representing the majority of microbiota. Despite the frequent reported dominance of salmonid-relatedMycoplasmaspecies, little is known about the phylogenomic placement, functions and potential evolutionary relationships with their salmonid hosts. In this study, we utilise 2.9 billion metagenomic reads generated from 12 samples from three different salmonid host species to I) characterise and curate the first metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) ofMycoplasmadominating the intestines of three different salmonid species, II) establish the phylogeny of these salmonid candidateMycoplasmaspecies, III) perform a comprehensive pangenomic analysis ofMycoplasma, IV) decipher the putative functionalities of the salmonid MAGs and reveal specific functions expected to benefit the host. Our data provide a basis for future studies examining the composition and function of the salmonid microbiota.
Triazolate-based pillarplexes: shape-adaptive metallocavitands via rim modification of macrocyclic ligands
Authors: Guan Shengyang , Pickl Thomas , Jandl Christian , Schuchmann Leon , Zhou Xiaoyu , Altmann Philipp J. , Pöthig Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Rim-modified pillarplexes are prepared by a macrocycle-templated synthesis strategy. They exhibit a shape-adaptive behaviour and complementary H-bonding, showing that rim modification can modulate the flexibility and functionality of the cavitand.
Targeted next-generation sequencing identifies ABCA4 mutations in Chinese families with childhood-onset and adult-onset Stargardt disease
Authors: Qu Ling-hui , Jin Xin , Zeng Chao , Zhou Nian-gou , Liu Yan-hong , Lin Ye 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Stargardt disease (STGD) is the most common form of juvenile macular dystrophy associated with progressive central vision loss, and is agenetically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Molecular diagnosis is of great significance in aiding the clinical diagnosis, helping to determine the phenotypic severity and visual prognosis. In the present study, we determined the clinical and genetic features of seven childhood-onset and three adult-onset Chinese STGD families. We performed capture next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the probands and searched for potentially disease-causing genetic variants in previously identified retinal or macular dystrophy genes.
Methods: In all, ten unrelated Chinese families were enrolled. Panel-based NGS was performed to identify potentially disease-causing genetic variants in previously identified retinal or macular dystrophy genes, including the five known STGD genes (ABCA4, PROM1, PRPH2, VMD2, and ELOVL4). Variant analysis, Sanger validation, and segregation tests were utilized to validate the disease-causing mutations in these families.
Results: Using systematic data analysis with an established bioinformatics pipeline and segregation analysis, 17 pathogenic mutations in ABCA4 were identified in the 10 STGD families. Four of these mutations were novel: c.371delG, c.681T &gt; G, c.5509C &gt; T, and EX37del. Childhood-onset STGD was associated with severe visual loss, generalized retinal dysfunction and was due to more severe variants in ABCA4 than those found in adult-onset disease.
Conclusions: We expand the existing spectrum of STGD and reveal the genotype–phenotype relationships of the ABCA4 mutations in Chinese patients. Childhood-onset STGD lies at the severe end of the spectrum of ABCA4-associated retinal phenotypes.
A combined model reference adaptive control law for multirotor UAVs
Authors: Abdul Ghaffar Alia Farhana , Richardson Thomas , Greatwood Collin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModel reference adaptive control (MRAC) offers the potential to adapt in real‐time to changes in the performance of small unmanned air vehicles. There are significant challenges with their use, however, primarily in the implementation and assurance of long‐term system stability. This paper presents flight test results for a combined model reference adaptive control (CMRAC) law applied to the height control loop of a multirotor. Key features include the implementation of CMRAC with a baseline controller allowing for in‐flight switching between the two; the use of an augmented state to improve the tracking performance and a CMRAC implementation that provides a shorter transient phase, faster parameter convergence, and closer tracking of the desired reference model response when compared with standard MRAC. With the current exponential growth of interest in unmanned air vehicles, the potential benefits of using CMRAC for control system development are significant, particularly for new vehicles with short development and testing phases and in cases where there are significant configuration changes in flight or prior to rapid deployment.
Comparación entre trazados cefalométricos manual y digital en radiografías laterales del cráneo
Authors: Calle-Velezmoro Eduardo , Calle-Morocho Jesica , Morales-Vadillo Rafael , Guevara-Canales Janet-Ofelia 
Published: May 2021

Resumen
Objetivo Evaluar la diferencia del trazado cefalométrico manual con el digital en radiografías laterales de cráneo.
Materiales y métodos Inicialmente se realizó un piloto para calibrar al investigador principal, en donde se analizaron 10 radiografías pertenecientes a cinco pacientes del Servicio de Radiología del Centro Odontológico de nuestra institución para evaluar la concordancia entre los dos evaluadores y establecer el tamaño de la muestra. Finalmente, se analizaron 78 radiografías cefalométricas de 39 pacientes, en las que se realizó el trazado cefalométrico de Steiner manual y digital. Esas radiografías se analizaron en una escala 1:1 y posteriormente se evaluó la diferencia de las mediciones mediante el análisis univariado, se determinó en mediana e intervalo intercuartil por separado. En el análisis bivariado, se aplicó la prueba de signo de rangos de Wilcoxon y muestras pareadas para determinar la diferencia de las mediciones cefalométricas de Steiner entre el tipo del análisis cefalométrico. El nivel de significancia se fijó en p < 0,05 y confiabilidad al 95%, respectivamente.
Resultados No hubo diferencia significativa en la mayoría de las mediciones hechas de manera manual y digital, siendo el ángulo interincisal la única medición angular en la cual hubo diferencia significativa al obtener un resultado de p = 0,002. Mientras tanto, en las mediciones lineales, la única medición en la que hubo diferencia significativa fue en el segmento incisivo inferior – NB con p = 0,005.
Conclusión No se encuentran diferencias significativas entre el trazado cefalométrico manual y el digital. No obstante, es importante tener en cuenta que la muestra o población evaluada es reducida para definir conclusiones.
Differential Psoriatic Effect of Imiquimod on Balb/c and Swiss Mice
Authors: Salwa Fathima , Badanthadka Murali , D’Souza Lidwin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction The influence of animal strain on psoriasis model development by imiquimod (IMQ) has been studied in Balb/c and Swiss mice.
Materials and Methods Female mice of either strain were challenged with 5% IMQ (62.5 mg on back skin, 10 mg on right ear). They were observed for the severity of the disease using Psoriasis area severity index (PASI), splenomegaly, and histopathological alterations. To validate the model, well-established antipsoriatic drug clobetasol (0.05%, 120 mg on the back skin, 10 mg on the right ear) was used. Additionally, to study the strain-dependent response to IMQ associated with oxidative stress, various antioxidant factors like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CT), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Antioxidant natural product curcumin (1%, 150 mg on back skin, 12.5 mg on right ear) was used to evaluate the alleviation of oxidative stress on distinct mice strain.
Results PASI score, body weight, and histopathology indicated the development of disease in both the strains, severity, and stability of which was dependent on the particular strain. Splenomegaly suggested the systemic effect, which was comparable in both the stains. IMQ and its involvement in redox status were confirmed by an alteration in the activity of SOD, CT, and levels of GSH.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that, in the IMQ-induced psoriasis model, the genetic background has some impact on the disease severity, stability, and redox imbalance.
Oral Fluids—A Diagnostic Tool for COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Ramesh Amitha , Potdar Raksha , Bhandary Rahul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobal outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has affected millions of people around the world. This virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors present in the pharynx, nose, oral cavity, salivary glands, tongue, etc. Saliva has been shown to have viral loads of COVID-19 as it reported to be 2019-novel-coronavirus nucleic acid positive. This article is based on the association of oral fluids and their role in diagnosis of coronavirus infection.
Do Patients with Paget's Disease Have Worse Outcomes following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas M. , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Mont Michael A. , Seyler Thorsten M. , Roche Martin W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWell-powered studies evaluating the effects of Paget's disease on patient outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether Paget's disease patients undergoing primary TKA have higher rates of complications. A query of an administrative database was performed identifying Paget's disease patients undergoing primary TKA as the study cohort. Patients who did not have Paget's disease served as a matching cohort. Study group patients were matched in a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and comorbidities. The query yielded 34,284 patients in the study (n = 5,714) and matched (n = 28,570) cohorts. Outcomes analyzed included length of stay (LOS), costs of care, 90-day medical and surgical complications, and 2-year implant-related complications. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of complications. Paget's disease patients undergoing primary TKA were found to have significantly longer in-hospital LOS (4 vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001). Study group patients incurred significantly higher 90-day episode-of-care costs ($15,124.55 vs. $14,610.01, p < 0.0001). Additionally, Paget's disease patients were found to have higher incidences and odds of medical/surgical (25.93 vs. 13.58%; OR: 1.64, p < 0.0001) and implant-related complications (8.97 vs. 5.02%; OR: 1.71, p < 0.0001). Specifically, Paget's disease patients were more likely to have periprosthetic fractures, mechanical loosening, and revision TKAs (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated that Paget's disease was associated with longer in-hospital LOS, increased costs, and higher rates of complications. The study can be utilized by physicians to adequately educate patients with Paget's disease concerning potential complications following their primary TKA.
Facial Soft Tissue Injuries in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Schild Sam , Puntarelli Tatiana Reis , delaPena Margarita , Johnson Adam , Butts Sydney C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoft tissue injuries of the head and neck are a common reason for medical evaluation and treatment in pediatric populations with some unique and important considerations when compared with adults. The incidence and type of injuries continue to evolve with the adoption of new safety measures, technology advancements, and education of the general population. The goal of this article is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the evaluation and management of pediatric soft tissue trauma including the initial workup, physical examination, appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy, and setting for surgical repair. Additionally, the pediatric anesthetic considerations for evaluation and repair in regard to local anesthesia, sedation, and general anesthesia are described in detail. There is a focus on dog bites, perinatal injuries, and child abuse as these entities are distinctive to a pediatric population and have particular management recommendations. Lastly, application of the reconstructive ladder as it applies to children is supported with specific case examples and figures. Although there are many parallels to the management of soft tissue injury in adults, we will highlight the special situations that occur in pediatric populations, which are imperative for the facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon to understand.
Effectiveness of a Planned Teaching Program on the Knowledge of Staff Nurses with Regard to the Nutritional Requirements of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Fernandes Sarita Telma , Dsilva Fatima , Dsouza Sushma Marita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of a planned teaching program on the knowledge of staff nurses with regard to the nutritional requirements of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods Uncontrolled before-and-after study was conducted among staff nurses of a hospital. Convenient sampling was used to select the participants. Pretest knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire among staff nurses. After the pretest, the experimental group was administered a planned teaching program for 60 minutes. On the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day the posttests were conducted by delivering the same tool to determine the posttest level of knowledge after the administration of the planned teaching program.
Results The staff nurses’ pretest knowledge scores reveal that the majority (77.5%) had an average knowledge level and 10% had poor knowledge levels. The effectiveness of the planned teaching program showed that the mean pretest knowledge score of the staff nurses (x̄ 1=16.10) was significantly lower than the mean posttest knowledge scores of the participants (x̄ 2 = 20.78, x̄ 3 = 24.35, x̄ 4 = 24.20, and x̄ 5 = 28.75).
Conclusion In this study, the planned teaching program was found to be efficient on the knowledge level of staff nurses regarding the nutritional requirements of patients with chronic kidney disease.
How much can you say in a tweet? An approach to political argumentation on Twitter
Authors: Elliott-Maksymowicz Katarzyna , Nikolaev Alexander , Porpora Douglas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBesides Donald Trump, its most famous user, some 330 million people use Twitter as a platform for communication, much of it political. Yet, given the 280 character limit, how much can you say in a tweet? Although much has already been written about Twitter, little attention has been given to the nature of the argument found there. To begin filling this gap, it is necessary to identify the basic units of such an argument. Identifying them as speech acts, we demonstrate here by discourse analysis how by virtue of the enthymematic quality of public argument, much argument can be communicated even by singular speech acts and even by speech acts other than assertion.
A low-frequency torsion pendulum with interferometric readout
Authors: Ross M. P. , Venkateswara K. , Hagedorn C. A. , Leupold C. J. , Forsyth P. W. F. , Wegner J. D. , Shaw E. A. , Lee J. G. , Gundlach J. H. 
Published: May 2021

We describe a torsion pendulum with a large mass-quadrupole moment and a resonant frequency of 2.8 mHz, whose angle is measured using a Michelson interferometer. The system achieved noise levels of ∼200prad/Hz between 0.2 and 30 Hz and ∼10prad/Hz above 100 Hz. Such a system can be applied to a broad range of fields from the study of rotational seismic motion and elastogravity signals to gravitational wave observation and tests of gravity.
Self-adaptive diagnostic of radial fast-ion loss measurements on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (invited)
Authors: Gonzalez-Martin J. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Sieglin B. , Herrmann A. , Lunt T. , Ayllon-Guerola J. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Hidalgo-Salaverri J. , Kovacsik A. , Rivero-Rodriguez J. F. , Sanchis L. , Silvagni D. , Zoletnik S. , Dominguez J. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team,   MST1 Team
Published: May 2021

A poloidal array of scintillator-based Fast-Ion Loss Detectors (FILDs) has been installed in the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak. While all AUG FILD systems are mounted on reciprocating arms driven externally by servomotors, the reciprocating system of the FILD probe located just below the midplane is based on a magnetic coil that is energized in real-time by the AUG discharge control system. This novel reciprocating system allows, for the first time, real-time control of the FILD position including infrared measurements of its probe head temperature to avoid overheating. This considerably expands the diagnostic operational window, enabling unprecedented radial measurements of fast-ion losses. Fast collimator-slit sweeping (up to 0.2 mm/ms) is used to obtain radially resolved velocity-space measurements along 8 cm within the scrape-off layer. This provides a direct evaluation of the neutral beam deposition profiles via first-orbit losses. Moreover, the light-ion beam probe (LIBP) technique is used to infer radial profiles of fast-ion orbit deflection. This radial-LIBP technique is applied to trapped orbits (exploring both the plasma core and the FILD stroke near the wall), enabling radial localization of internal plasma fluctuations (neoclassical tearing modes). This is quantitatively compared against electron cyclotron emission measurements, showing excellent agreement. For the first time, radial profiles of fast-ion losses in MHD quiescent plasmas as well as in the presence of magnetic islands and edge localized modes are presented.
Switchable liquid shutter operated by electrowetting for security of mobile electronics
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Park Yuna , Jang Deasung , Chung Sang Kug 
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a new type of switchable liquid shutter for the security and design of mobile electronic devices. The operation test of the liquid shutter is conducted using a prototype sample prepared by standard microfabrication processes. The liquid shutter consists of an opaque liquid for absorbing light and a transparent oil for transmitting light on two parallel plates with patterned indium titanium oxide electrodes. The liquid shutter can be opened and closed by sequentially applying an electrical voltage to the patterned electrodes owing to an electrowetting principle. The switching time of the liquid shutter is measured using a high-speed camera and is found to take about 550 ms to open the shutter and 240 ms to close the shutter at 70 Vrms (1 kHz). To validate the applicability of the liquid shutter, the operation of liquid shutters with different colored liquids mounted on a smartphone is successfully demonstrated. The proposed liquid shutter not only allows a simple design to be easily miniaturized and integrated with electronic devices but also provides a robust and fast switching operation.
A spatial model of YAP/TAZ signaling reveals how stiffness, dimensionality, and shape contribute to emergent outcomes
Authors: Scott Kiersten Elizabeth , Fraley Stephanie I. , Rangamani Padmini 
Published: May 2021

Significance
The YAP/TAZ pathway plays a fundamental role in integrating a variety of cellular cues to control important physiological processes. Here, we develop a spatial model of this pathway that contributes quantitative understanding and disentangles the role various stimuli play that are difficult to distinguish experimentally. The model integrates key spatial and physical inputs, namely cell and nuclear shape, surface area-to-volume ratios of cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, substrate dimensionality, substrate activation area, and substrate stiffness, through membrane-proximal, cytoskeletal, and nuclear mechanotransduction modules. The resulting model accounts for seemingly contradictory experimental trends and lends new insight into controlling YAP/TAZ signaling.
Retrieval-constrained valuation: Toward prediction of open-ended decisions
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Wang Shichun , Good Maxwell , Hristova Siyana , Kayser Andrew S. , Hsu Ming 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Life is not a multiple-choice test: Many real-world decisions leave goals, choice options, or evaluation criteria to be determined by decision-makers themselves. However, a mechanistic understanding of how such problem structuring processes influence choice has largely eluded standard models of decision-making. By developing a neurally grounded cognitive model that integrates semantic knowledge retrieval and valuation processes, we offer a computational framework providing strikingly accurate out-of-sample predictions of choices with self-generated options. This framework generates psychological insights into the nature and force of memory retrieval’s substantial influence on choice behavior. Together, these findings represent a step toward predicting complex, ill-structured decisions in the real world, opening up new approaches that may broaden the scope of formal models of decision-making.
Near ambient pressure XPS investigation of hydrous palladium oxide under water and oxygen gas environments
Authors: Jeong Beomgyun , Lee Dooyong , Park Ji-In , Lee Sang Moon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pd takes various chemical forms according to the types of catalysts and even its pristine chemical state is often subject to change in operation. To understand the mechanism how Pd-based catalysts activate reactions, it is important to have a capability to identify the surface chemical state of Pd-based catalysts in contact with reactants. In this study, we conducted in situ near ambient pressure-x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) in gas conditions with water and oxygen for hydrous Pd oxide, which is also known as palladium hydroxide (Pd(OH)2) and it is the key component of the Pearlman’s catalyst widely used for organic reactions. We found that hydrous Pd oxide showed different spectral features to that of anhydrous Pd oxide under gaseous water environments. We believe that this NAP-XPS study provides new information for a better identification of hydrous Pd oxide under reaction conditions, which is not available from conventional XPS in ultrahigh vacuum.