bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doll play prompts social thinking and social talking: Representations of internal state language in the brain
Authors: Hashmi Salim , Vanderwert Ross E. , Paine Amy L. , Gerson Sarah A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDoll play provides opportunities for children to practice social skills by creating imaginary worlds, taking others’ perspectives, and talking about others’ internal states. Previous research using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) found a region over the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) was more active during solo doll play than solo tablet play, implying that doll play might present opportunities for rehearsing theory of mind and empathy skills, even when playing alone. In this research, we addressed this more directly by investigating 4–8‐year‐old children's (N = 33) use of internal state language (ISL; i.e., references to emotions, desires, and cognitions) when playing with dolls and on tablets, both by themselves and with a social partner, and their associated brain activity in the pSTS using fNIRS. We found that children used more ISL about others when playing with dolls than when playing on tablets, particularly when they were playing alone. This mirrored the patterns seen in pSTS activity in previous research. When individual variability in ISL about others was considered, more ISL about others was linked to stronger pSTS activation. Thus, variability in pSTS activity during play is not about the perceptual or physical differences between toys (e.g., dolls are more human‐like) but about what children think about when they engage in different kinds of play. This is the first research to investigate brain activity during spontaneously occurring ISL and indicates that children have a tendency to take and discuss others’ perspectives during doll play, with implications for social processing in the brain. A video abstract of this article can be viewed athttps://youtu.be/58HgxbuhBzU.
Omega‐3 phospholipids and obesity‐associated NAFLD: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Mitrovic Marko , Sistilli Gabriella , Horakova Olga , Rossmeisl Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases in line with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and there is no approved drug therapy. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of n‐3 series (omega‐3) are known for their hypolipidaemic and anti‐inflammatory effects. Existing clinical trials suggest varying effectiveness of triacylglycerol‐ or ethyl ester‐bound omega‐3 in the treatment of NAFLD, without affecting advanced stages such as non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Preclinical studies suggest that the lipid class used to supplement omega‐3 may determine the extent and nature of their effects on metabolism. Phospholipids of marine origin represent an alternative source of omega‐3. The aim of this review is to summarise the available evidence on the use of omega‐3 phospholipids, primarily in obesity‐related NAFLD, and to outline perspectives of their use in the prevention/treatment of NAFLD. A PubMed literature search was conducted in May 2021. In total, 1088 articles were identified, but based on selection criteria, 38 original papers were included in the review. Selected articles describing the potential mechanisms of action of omega‐3 phospholipids have also been included. Preclinical evidence clearly indicates that omega‐3 phospholipids have strong antisteatotic effects in the liver, which are stronger compared to omega‐3 administered as triacylglycerols. Multiple mechanisms are likely involved in the overall antisteatotic effects, involving not only the liver but also adipose tissue and the gut. Robust preclinical evidence for strong antisteatotic effects of omega‐3 phospholipids in the liver should be confirmed in clinical trials. Further research is needed on the possible effects of omega‐3 phospholipids on advanced NAFLD.
Discriminatory capacity of obesity indicators as predictors of high liver fat in US adolescents
Authors: Correa‐Rodríguez María , Izquierdo Mikel , García‐Hermoso Antonio , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to assess the potential of 16 anthropometric, body composition and endocrine indexes as predictors of high liver fat and determine the most appropriate cut‐off points in US adolescents.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on a population of 816 adolescents aged 12‐17 years. The FibroScan®502V2 device was used to estimate the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Body fat percentage, fat mass, trunk fat percentage and trunk fat mass were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric data and metabolic parameters were determined. Receiver operating characteristic curves were analysed to estimate the optimal cut‐off points that best identify adolescents with high liver fat (CAP ≥90th percentile).ResultsIn boys, triponderal mass index (TMI) had the highest area under curve (AUC) value (0.865) and the optimal cut‐off score for TMI was 17.47 kg/m3, which had 81.32 sensitivity and 82.99 specificity. In girls, trunk fat index (TFI) had the highest AUC value (0.826) and its optimal cut‐off score in screening for high liver fat was 3.76 kg/m2, which had 74.04 sensitivity and 88.03 specificity. Fat mass index (FMI) index had the second highest AUC values (0.863 in boys 0.812 in girls) in both sex; the cut‐off point for the detection of high liver fat was <8.66 kg/m2 for girls and <7.45 kg/m2 for boys.ConclusionAssessment of TMI in boys, TFI in girls, and FMI in both sexes are low‐cost and easy‐to‐use parameters that may be useful as early screening tools for possible high liver fat in adolescents.
Increased estimated fat‐free mass and fat mass associated with improved clinical outcome in heart failure
Authors: Gotsman Israel , Keren Andre , Amir Offer , Zwas Donna R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreased weight measured by body mass index is associated with better clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF). The effect of specific components of body mass on outcome is limited. We evaluated the impact of fat‐free mass and fat mass on mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization in a large real‐world cohort of patients with chronic HF.MethodsBody measurements were assessed in patients with chronic HF. Fat‐free mass, fat mass and waist circumference were calculated based on specifically derived formulas.ResultsThe cohort included 6328 HF patients. Mean follow‐up was 744 days. Increased body composition indices including body mass index, fat‐free mass index and fat mass index, per cent body fat and waist circumference were associated with better survival. Cox regression analysis after adjustment for other significant parameters demonstrated that these indices were all associated with improved survival. The strongest association was seen with fat‐free mass index with a graded increase in survival; lowest death in the highest quartile compared to reference second quartile (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.67‐0.93, P < .01). There was no interaction with sex or HF type. Analysis of the clinical outcome of death and cardiovascular hospitalization demonstrated that a worse prognosis was in the lowest quartile of all the indices. A sensitivity analysis, analysing these indices as continuous parameters using restricted cubic splines, demonstrated a clear continuous association between these indices and increased survival in both sexes.ConclusionsBody mass including fat‐free mass and fat mass was associated with improved survival in patients with HF.
cVEMP and VAT for the diagnosis of vestibular migraine
Authors: Yao Yufang , Zhao Zhiyue , Qi Xiaoyuan , Jia Hongning , Zhang Lihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the diagnostic criteria of vestibular migraine (VM) have already been defined, various clinical manifestations of VM and the lack of pathognomonic biomarker result in high rate of misdiagnosis and mismanagement. A timely and accurate diagnosis tool for the evaluation of VM is highly needed.ObjectiveThe current study aims to investigate the potential feasibility of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and vestibular autorotation test (VAT) as a diagnosis tool for VM.MethodsA total of 211 subjects were recruited into the current study with all subjects meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: healthy control group, general migraine group and VM group. Test of cVEMP and VAT was conducted in all the groups, and the generated data were statistically compared.ResultsCompared with the other two groups, cVEMP P13‐N23 amplitudes of VM patients showed a significant decline. Mean latency values of the VM group had no significant difference in comparison with other groups. Asymmetry ratios showed increased level in VM patients compared to the control groups, without significant difference. VAT results showed that all the horizontal gain, horizontal phase, vertical gain and vertical phase differ from the other two groups to varying degrees at higher frequency.ConclusioncVEMP and VAT have potential usage in the assessment of VM and can serve as powerful tool in diagnosis of VM.
On the use of air temperature and precipitation as surrogate predictors in soil respiration modelling
Authors: Jian Jinshi , Steele Meredith K. , Zhang Lin , Bailey Vanessa L. , Zheng Jianqiu , Patel Kaizad F. , Bond‐Lamberty Benjamin P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil respiration (RS), the soil‐to‐atmosphere CO2 flux that is a major component of the global carbon cycle, is strongly influenced by local soil temperature (Tsoil) and water content (SWC). Regional to global‐scale RS modelling thus requires this information at local scales, but few high‐quality, wall‐to‐wall (global) Tsoil and SWC data exist. As a result, such modelling efforts commonly use air temperature (Tair) and monthly precipitation (Pm) as surrogate predictors, but their site‐scale accuracy and potential bias are unknown. Here, we used monthly data from 880 sites across a wide variety of different environmental conditions (i.e., climate, ecosystem type, elevation, vegetation leaf habit and drainage conditions) to determine the suitability of Tair as a surrogate for Tsoil, and data from 507 sites to examine the suitability of Pm as a surrogate for SWC. Site‐specific linear and second‐order exponential non‐linear models were compared using model evaluation metrics (i.e., slope, p‐value of slope, root mean square error [RMSE], index of agreement and model efficiency). We found that Tsoil and Tair are highly correlated and explain similar RS variability. In contrast, Pm is not a good surrogate for SWC, even though Pm explains a similar amount of RS variability to SWC. The wide variability in the site‐specific relationships between RS and SWC means that no single relationship can be used for large‐scale modelling. The results from this study support the use of Tair in continental‐to‐global scale RS models, and highlight the urgent need for continental‐to‐global scale SWC datasets for the modelling and evaluation of future soil carbon dynamics under global climate change.Highlights
The accuracy of air temperature and precipitation as surrogates in global soil respiration modelling is unknown.
Monthly air temperature and soil temperature are strongly correlated and explained similar amounts of variability in soil respiration.
Relationships between precipitation and soil water content are extremely variable by region, thus precipitation is a poor surrogate in global modelling.
There is a need for accurate multiscale soil moisture datasets to evaluate future soil carbon dynamics.
Updated understanding of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: From virulence factors to commensals and clonal complexes
Authors: Hwang Jonwei , Thompson Alyssa , Jaros Joanna , Blackcloud Paul , Hsiao Jennifer , Shi Vivian Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatosis that has multiple contributing factors including genetic, immunologic and environmental. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has long been associated with exacerbation of AD. SA produces many virulence factors that interact with the human skin and immune system. These superantigens and toxins have been shown to contribute to adhesion, inflammation and skin barrier destruction. Recent advances in genome sequencing techniques have led to a broadened understanding of the multiple ways SA interacts with the cutaneous environment in AD hosts. For example, temporal shifts in the microbiome, specifically in clonal complexes of SA, have been identified during AD flares and remission. Herein, we review mechanisms of interaction between the cutaneous microbiome and SA and highlight known differences in SA clonal complexes that contribute to AD pathogenesis. Detailed knowledge of the genetic strains of SA and cutaneous dysbiosis is becoming increasingly relevant in paving the way for microbiome‐modulating and precision therapies for AD.
Movescapes and eco‐evolutionary movement strategies in marine fish: Assessing a connectivity hotspot
Authors: Lowerre‐Barbieri Susan K. , Friess Claudia , Griffin Lucas P. , Morley Danielle , Skomal Gregory B. , Bickford Joel W. , Hammerschlag Neil , Rider Mitchell J. , Smukall Matthew J. , van Zinnicq Bergmann Maurits P. M. , Guttridge Tristan L. , Kroetz Andrea M. , Grubbs R. Dean , Gervasi Carissa L. , Rehage Jennifer S. , Poulakis Gregg R. , Bassos‐Hull Kim , Gardiner Jayne M. , Casselberry Grace A. , Young Joy , Perkinson Matt , Abercrombie Debra L. , Addis Dustin T. , Block Barbara A. , Acosta Alejandro , Adams Aaron J. , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. , Whoriskey Frederick G. , Brownscombe Jacob W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractData from the Integrated Tracking of Aquatic Animals in the Gulf of Mexico (iTAG) network, and sister networks, were used to evaluate fish movements in the Florida Keys—an extensive reef fish ecosystem just north of Cuba connecting the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. We analysed ~2 million detections for 23 species, ranging from reef fish such as Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus, Serranidae) to migratory apex predators such as white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias, Lamnidae). To facilitate comparisons across species, we used an eco‐evolutionary movement strategy framework that identified measurable movement traits and their proximate and ultimate drivers. Detectability was species‐specific and quantified with a detection potential index. Life stages detected in the study area varied by species and residency varied with life stage. Four annual movement types were identified as follows: high site‐fidelity residents, range residents, seasonal migrants and general migrants. The endangered smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata, Pristidae), a seasonal migrant, exhibited the greatest within‐ecosystem connectivity. Site attachment, stopover and deep‐water migration behaviours differed between individuals, species and annual movement types. All apex predators were migratory. General migrants were significantly larger than fish in the other movement types, a life‐history and movement trait combination that is common but not exclusive, as many small pelagics also migrate. Most teleosts exhibited movements associated with spawning. As concerns grow over habitat and biodiversity loss, multispecies movescapes, such as presented here, are expected to play an increasingly important role in informing ecosystem‐based and non‐extractive fisheries management strategies.
Risk factors for suicidal behavior in late‐life depression: A retrospective preliminary clinical study
Authors: Liu Chaomeng , Pan Weigang , Zhu Dandi , Mao Peixian , Ma Xin 
Published: July 2021

AimTo explore the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior (SB) using logistic regression analysis and the propensity score matching (PSM) method among Chinese patients suffering from late‐life depression (LLD).MethodPatient information sheets were retrieved with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) code from an electronic database that comprised patient medical information. Herein, we set SB as a dependent variable, and gender, marital status, monthly income, quality of interpersonal relationships, hobbies, impulsivity, severity of depression, psychiatric symptoms or not, and having histories of smoking, drinking, major mental trauma as independent variables according to clinical experience and previous findings. For uncertain independent risk factors associated with SB generated by logistic regression analysis, PSM was performed for further verification.ResultsThe differences between the SB group and non‐SB group for marital status, severity of depression, a history of drinking, and a history of major mental trauma were found to be statistically significant in univariate comparisons (P < 0.05); binary logistic regression analysis and PSM analysis showed that the severity of depression, a history of drinking, and a history of major mental trauma were independent risk factors associated with SB of patients with LLD with an odds ratio greater than one.ConclusionThe severity of depression, a history of drinking, and a history of major mental trauma were independently associated with the occurrence of SB of patients with LLD in China. Further longitudinal and prospective studies are warranted to examine the dynamic changes of confounding risk factors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 849–854.
Longitudinal analysis of client appointment adherence under Universal Test and Treat strategy: A stepped‐wedge trial
Authors: Boeke Caroline E. , Khan Shaukat , Walsh Fiona J. , Lejeune Charlotte , Hettema Anita , Spiegelman Donna , Okello Velephi , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesUniversal Test and Treat (UTT) strategies are being adopted across sub‐Saharan Africa based on clinical benefits to morbidity and mortality and to attain targets of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Universal Test and Treat is expected to change the client population at clinics, due to more asymptomatic HIV clients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). We assessed the impact of UTT on client appointment adherence at 14 government‐managed health facilities in Eswatini's public sector health system.MethodsWe assessed the impact of UTT on client adherence to appointment schedules from 2014 to 2017 in a stepped‐wedge trial. Repeated measures analysis was used to assess adherence to each scheduled appointment (primary definition: presenting for care within 7 days after the scheduled appointment), adjusting for time, age, sex, stage, marital status, ART status and facility.ResultsAmong 3354 clients (62.1% female; 57.4% < 35 years), a median (interquartile range) of 10 (6–15) appointments were scheduled during follow‐up. In a multivariable‐adjusted model, appointment adherence was significantly greater in clients who were female [odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–1.52], older (e.g. 40 to < 50 years vs. < 20 years; OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00–2.09), married (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19–1.44), had lower WHO stage at study enrolment (1–2 vs. 3–4: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.13–1.41), and were currently on ART (OR = 3.55, 95% CI: 2.62–4.82). However, UTT strategy was not significantly associated with client adherence to scheduled appointments (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.72–1.45).ConclusionsDespite transitioning to UTT, there was no change in visit adherence, a reassuring finding given the large volume of clients currently being initiated at earlier stages of HIV.
Repair of teeth with cracks in crowns and roots: An observational clinical study
Authors: Malentacca Augusto , Zaccheo Fabrizio , Scialanca Matteo , Fordellone Francesco , Rupe Cosimo , Lajolo Carlo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThis retrospective observational study investigated the survival rate of teeth with radicular cracks that were restored using composite materials.MethodologyThe study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Sistema Sanitario Nazionale (prot. N°2370CELazio1), Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04430205. Between 1991 and 2019, 87 teeth with radicular cracks (87 patients [46 men, 41 women, mean age 50.2 years]) were treated with adhesive composite restorations. Forty‐five cracks were observed in the maxillary posterior teeth (molars and premolars), 40 in the mandibular posterior teeth and only two cracks in the anterior teeth, both in maxilla. Based on the depth of the crack, teeth were categorized as proximal radicular cracked teeth (PRCT), in which the fracture line was restricted within the pulpal floor or the coronal one‐third of the root and deep radicular cracked teeth (DRCT), in which the fracture line extended to the middle and apical thirds of the root canal up to the apex. Bone loss/recovery was evaluated radiographically at 1‐year follow‐up. All patients were treated using surgical microscopy by the same operator. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of extraction. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to analyse PRCT and DRCT.ResultsAmong 87 cracked teeth, 66 were molars, 19 premolars and 2 incisors. Fifty‐two were DRCT, 35 were PRCT, 46 had a periodontal probing defect. Patients were followed up for a mean of 66.9 months (standard deviation 44.6, min 1 to max 172). Lack of probing depth was a significant protective factor against extraction (odds ratio [OR] 0.027, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.003–0.27, p < .05), whereas further bone loss (OR 10.63, 95% CI 2.08–54.36, p < .05) was a risk factor for extraction. More than 50% of teeth treated with the adhesive protocol were functional (46 of 87 teeth [χ2 test], p < .05) at 5‐year follow‐up. Among the PRCT group, a 78% survival rate at 5 years was found, while among the DRCT group, a 58% survival rate was found.ConclusionComposite resin restorations resulted in tooth survival in >50% of patients; 85.4% of PRCT and 61.5% of DRCT were functional after 5 years of follow‐up.
In vitro evaluation of natural hydroxyapatite from Osteoglossum bicirrhosum fish scales for biomedical application
Authors: Horta Marla Karolyne dos Santos , Moura Francisco José , Aguilar Marilza Sampaio , Westin Cecília Buzatto , Navarro da Rocha Daniel , de Campos José Brant 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study reports the obtainment of bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAp) extracted from scales of arowana fish (FSHA) (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) by alkaline treatment followed by calcination at 600 and 800°C. The cell viability and bioactivity of hydroxyapatite particles (FSHA) were investigated and compared with those of HAp synthesized (s.HA) by the precipitation method. The HAp particles from fish scales showed non‐toxic behavior to dental pulp stem cells similar to HAp synthesized. Additionally, bioactivity assays show that the Hap from natural source forms the bone‐like apatite layer faster than s.HA sample, after being incubated in McCoy medium for 3 days. The results illustrate that HAp obtained from Osteoglossum bicirrhosum fish scale bio‐waste showed excellent biocompatibility. Besides, this study provides an effective method for converting low‐cost bio‐waste into a value‐added and it can be a potential alternative biomaterial for various biomedical applications.