bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder Perspectives in Transitioning to a Local Circular Economy: a Case Study in Spain
Authors: Rincón-Moreno J. , Ormazábal M. , Jaca C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) is now more imperative than ever due to several shortcomings humanity faces due to global economic disruptions. The CE might help initiate a virtuous circle whereby waste materials would be turned into resources for other companies to create closed-loop systems. However, the CE remains a niche paradigm embraced by only a small number of companies in some areas of the world. Some authors have argued that it is essential to encourage stakeholders at different implementation levels of a CE to increase the uptake of this new model among companies, and stakeholders may provide the required framework for the shift towards a circular model. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to answer the following research question: how can the transition towards the CE be accelerated from a ‘stakeholders’ perspective? The study was undertaken in the Spanish region of Basque Country, where a CE strategy is already in place at the regional level, and some companies are already delivering circular solutions. This approach was selected to help understand the lack of widespread adoption of CE initiatives in a local system despite having a regional CE strategy. Data were collected from respondents from various stakeholders and also from desk research to ensure their reliability. The results showed the relevance of understanding how stakeholders can help speed up the transition by proactively exploring new ways to create novel conditions to work together with a broad pool of stakeholders to deepen and scale up the CE implementation.
Daily ups and downs in adolescents’ depressive symptoms: The role of daily self‐criticism, dependency and basic psychological needs
Authors: Vandenkerckhove Beatrijs , Soenens Bart , Flamant Nele , Luyten Patrick , Campbell Rachel , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough associations between Blatt's personality dimensions of self‐criticism and dependency and adolescents' depressive symptoms are well‐established, only few studies have examined associations between these variables at the level of daily, within‐person fluctuations. Moreover, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this personality vulnerability to depressive symptoms is limited. Therefore, we studied (a) daily fluctuations in both personality and depressive symptoms over a 7‐day period and (b) the possible interplay between daily variations in personality vulnerability, need‐based experiences (as conceptualized in Self‐Determination Theory), and depressive symptoms. This interplay was examined in terms of both a mediational and a moderating role of the need‐based experiences.MethodsParticipants were 121 Belgian adolescents (Mage = 15.81; SDage = 1.50; 52 % male) who completed questionnaires tapping into daily self‐criticism, dependency, need‐based experiences, and depressive symptoms every evening during seven consecutive days.Results & conclusionsMultilevel analysis revealed that self‐criticism and dependency fluctuated substantially on a daily basis. These daily fluctuations in personality were related to daily fluctuations in depressive symptoms, with daily variation in need‐based experiences mediating these associations. We found no evidence for interactions between personality and the need‐based experiences. The findings underscore the importance of considering daily fluctuations in individuals’ personality vulnerability and point to the explanatory role of need‐based experiences in the relation between personality and depressive symptoms on a daily basis.
The study of endometriosis and adenomyosis related microbiota in female lower genital tract in Northern Chinese population
Authors: Chen Sikai , Gu Zhiyue , Zhang Wen , Jia Shuangzheng , Zheng Ping , Dai Yi , Leng Jinhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndometriosis is a chronic disease that affects women in reproductive age, and adenomyosis was known as “endometriosis in the uterus”. Endometriosis is an immune-dysfunction-related disease, contributing to the diversity of microbiota in the lower genital tract. Endometriosis is also an infection-related disease, the number of bacteria may contribute to some unknown mechanisms. Presently, the feature of microbiota between endometriosis patients and normal people is not fully understood.MethodsTo identify the microbiota differences and features of endometriosis patients, 298 samples from the cervical canal, posterior fornix of the vagina and uterine cavity were analyzed by 16s-rRNA sequencing. Raw data were filtered, analyzed, and visualized. We conducted diversity analysis, statistical data of microbiota abundance, biomarker identification, random forest, and environmental factors analysis.ResultsAlpha diversity was not distinctive in endometriosis and adenomyosis patients. Posterior fornix near cervix was a better sampling location to analyze the dysmenorrhea-related microbiota feature; few dysmenorrhea-related bacteria were identified. Endometrial bacteria is controversial, and the result of 16s-rRNA sequencing was not good enough to conduct further analysis.Anaerococcuswas a possible biomarker of adenomyosis-endometriosis patients. The identified bacteria were representative only in specific periods during the menstrual cycle. GnRH-a treatment impacted microbiota feature the most compared with other environmental factors.ConclusionThis study provided us with a new concept of endometriosis and bacteria; different microbiota features may relate to endometriosis. The bacterial involvement should be considered in the future study of endometriosis. New non-invasive diagnosis and therapeutic methods through bacterial medication are prospective.
Rapid Emergency Department Physical Space Modifications for COVID-19: Keeping Patients and Health Care Workers Safe
Authors: Wessling Emily G , Randolph Amanda H , Neill Luke A , Gandhi Kumar R , Conrardy Michael , Chodakowski Jason D , Kippenhan Matthew , Loftus Timothy M , Malik Sanjeev 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant strain on emergency departments (EDs) that were not designed to care for many patients who may be highly contagious. This report outlines how a busy urban ED was adapted to prepare for COVID-19 via 3 primary interventions: (1) creating an open-air care space in the ambulance bay to cohort, triage, and rapidly test patients with suspected COVID-19, (2) quickly constructing temporary doors on all open treatment rooms, and (3) adapting and expanding the waiting room. This description serves as a model by which other EDs can repurpose their own care spaces to help ensure safety of their patients and health care workers.
Community Preparedness and Practices for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (COP-COVID): An Assessment from Rural Northern India
Authors: Gandhi P. Aravind , Rehman Tanveer , Ilanchoorian Divya , Kathirvel Soundappan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
The study assessed the community preparedness to manage the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and access to health-care services during the lockdown of 2020 in a rural health block of northern India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted during June-July, 2020, in 25 villages and 5 wards of a rural administrative block of Haryana. A pretested, semi-structured investigator-administered checklist was used to assess the community preparedness and practices for COVID-19 prevention/control and health-care access through direct observations and interviewing community health workers and beneficiaries.

Results:
Active surveillance for influenza-like illness was carried out in 86.7% of the study units, although the frequency was once a month. There was poor adherence (adherence: 0-3%) to COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) measures such as physical distancing and use of face masks. Rural beneficiaries reported difficulty in accessing essential health-care services than their urban counterparts.

Conclusions:
A qualitative study to understand the facilitators and barriers for the non-adherence to IPC measures by the study population and formulating behavior change communication strategies for improving the IPC measures is needed. Repeat, cross-sectional surveys at regular intervals may be planned to gauge the change and effect of the interventions on the community preparedness and practices.
DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOUR IN PRODUCT/SERVICE SYSTEMS - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Gustafsson Karoline Fogh , Harild Sara Amdi , Pigosso Daniela C. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProduct-service/systems (PSS) have been projected to be a potential solution to address overconsumption and to enable an enhanced sustainability performance. However, PSS do not always live up to their potential benefits, due to unintended changes in consumer behaviour. This study aims at investigating existing methods and tools to develop sustainable behaviour within PSS, alongside potential barriers and success factors. Based on a systematic literature review, a total of 46 methods to achieve sustainable behaviour were collected and analysed, and further discussed on the basis of the identified success factors and barriers.
DESIGNING IN COMPLEXITY: HOW SOLUTION CONJECTURES INFORM PROBLEM EXPLORATION
Authors: Zhang Wenlin , Ma Jin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEngineering designers seek to explore ‘real’ problems that must be solved across design processes. This exploration might be challenging in complex problem situations. An effective way of encouraging design exploration is conjecture-based problem exploration—informing problem re-interpretation by potential solutions. However, little evidence indicated how this process unfolds, especially in complex problem situations. This study addresses this question by articulating the underlying cognitive mechanism of conjecture-based problem exploration. Situated in a creative design practice that tackles real-world, complex problem situations, we employ grounded theory to conduct qualitative coding of interview transcripts and documents elicited from ten multidisciplinary graduate students. We developed a three-phase process model to explain conjecture-based problem exploration: (1) triggering through analogizing, inspiring, evaluating, and questioning; (2) transitioning to problem space expansion; and (3) resulting in problem focus adjustment incrementally or radically. Our explanation contributes to design theory building and encourages engineering designers to embrace a dynamic view of design problems when addressing complexity.
DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SYMBOLS IN PRINCIPLE SKETCHES USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Bickel Sebastian , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractData-driven methods from the field of Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning are increasingly applied in mechanical engineering. This refers to the development of digital engineering in recent years, which aims to bring these methods into practice in order to realize cost and time savings. However, a necessary step towards the implementation of such methods is the utilization of existing data. This problem is essential because the mere availability of data does not automatically imply data usability. Therefore, this paper presents a method to automatically recognize symbols from principle sketches, which allows the generation of training data for machine learning algorithms. In this approach, the symbols are created randomly and their illustration varies with each generation. . A deep learning network from the field of computer vision is used to test the generated data set and thus to recognize symbols on principle sketches. This type of drawing is especially interesting because the cost-saving potential is very high due to the application in the early phases of the product development process.
DEVELOPING SYSTEMS VISUALISATIONS IN DESIGN THROUGH A TYPOLOGY OF VISUAL TASKS: A MECHATRONIC CASE
Authors: Idrissov Agzam , Rapp Simon , Albers Albert , Maier Anja M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVisual representations are essential to design. Data-rich representations such as systems visualisations are gaining prominence in engineering practice. However, as such visualisations are often developed ad-hoc, we propose more systematically to link visual tasks with design-specific tasks for which the visualisations are used. Whereas research on such linking focuses mostly on CAD models and sketches, no such studies are yet available for systems visualisations. Thus, this paper introduces a typology of visual tasks from the Information Visualisation field to aid the development of systems visualisations in design. To build a visualisation using the typology, a case study with engineering students developing an autonomous robot was conducted. Through interviews and analysis of product representations used, design-specific tasks were identified and decomposed into visual tasks. Then, a visualisation that assisted the team in performing their design activities was created. Results illustrate the benefits of using such a typology to describe visual tasks and generate systems visualisations. The study suggests implications for researchers studying visual representations in design as well as for developers of systems visualisations.
DEVELOPMENT METHOD FOR REQUIREMENT COLLECTIVES OF HYDROGEN REFUELLING STATIONS
Authors: Schneider David , Huth Tobias , Nolte Bastian , Vietor Thomas , Heinke Steffen , Tegethoff Wilhelm , Köhler Jürgen , Kühne Ulf , Eilts Peter , Busche Lisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn addition to the development and research of battery-driven vehicles, a high research effort in the field of hydrogen technology can currently be observed. Various research and strategy initiatives relating to hydrogen are being initiated and pursued with considerable commitment worldwide. A significant expansion of the hydrogen filling station network is also being sought in Germany. In the course of designing a hydrogen refuelling station, the paradigms of thermal management must be taken into account in addition to a large number of different environmental and life phase-induced influencing factors. The interactions between influencing factors, requirements and the system architecture result in a multitude of possible refuelling station concepts, which can hardly be surveyed or managed from an organisational point of view. This publication introduces a method for the development of descriptive requirement collectives, which is applied to hydrogen refuelling stations in the framework of THEWA, but can also be adapted for other technical systems. The requirement collective is the first core element of the THEWA tool chain that enables a requirement-oriented and fast design of hydrogen refuelling stations.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERAL SENSOR SYSTEM MODEL TO DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONALITY AND THE UNCERTAINTY OF SENSING MACHINE ELEMENTS
Authors: Hausmann Maximilian , Welzbacher Peter , Kirchner Eckhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSensor integration as close to the process as possible provides advantages in the quality of the measurement results as well as the possibility to implement completely new sensor principles and to measure novel quantities of interest. Sensor integration at positions close to the process can be made possible, for example, through the development and application of Sensing Machine Elements (SME). In the first part of this contribution, a general sensor system model is proposed. It is based on the concept of measuring chains and allows the uniform description of functions and uncertainties within a conventional sensor or SME application. For this purpose, essential quantities are defined, which are required for a uniform understanding. In the second part, the presented sensor system model is applied to a load measuring strain gauge on a drive shaft. This enables the condition monitoring of the shaft and drive train by measuring the electrical resistance of the strain gauge and thus allowing conclusions about the acting drive torque. The individual functions and uncertainties of the strain gauge integration are presented in the system model. This example shows the applicability of the presented system model for sensors and SME.
DISTRIBUTED COGNITION TRANSFORMATION IN COMPLETE ONLINE SYSTEM ENGINEERING DESIGN TEACHING
Authors: Farshad Sabah , Fortin Clement 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEngineering design teams, particularly in academic courses, were no exception to the consequences of the unknown virus and the global pandemic. Forced online teaching has influenced the way of using communication technologies. The information flow architecture of engineering design is also transforming due to the remote activities and the dominancy of web-based technologies. This transformation creates different patterns of distributed cognition within design teams. In the course of full remote teaching, we studied the entire information flow of a small and dispersed engineering team through the early stages of design for one month using the ethnographic method and Distributed Cognition analysis techniques. Our analysis, of the interdisciplinary design team during a rocket engineering project and system engineering teaching, shows the considerable role of different online data sharing and communications technology platforms in distributed cognition and collaborative problem solving within the team. These new trends create new challenges and opportunities, and in order to enhance collaborative design, these emerged out of the box trends require more attention and updating of existing strategies.
A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT COMPANIES IN THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS DE-MANUFACTURING
Authors: Cappelletti Federica , Rossi Marta , Germani Michele , Hanif Mohammad Shadman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDe-manufacturing and re-manufacturing are fundamental technical solutions to efficiently recover value from post-use products. Disassembly in one of the most complex activities in de-manufacturing because i) the more manual it is the higher is its cost, ii) disassembly times are variable due to uncertainty of conditions of products reaching their EoL, and iii) because it is necessary to know which components to disassemble to balance the cost of disassembly. The paper proposes a methodology that finds ways of applications: it can be applied at the design stage to detect space for product design improvements, and it also represents a baseline from organizations approaching de-manufacturing for the first time. The methodology consists of four main steps, in which firstly targets components are identified, according to their environmental impact; secondly their disassembly sequence is qualitatively evaluated, and successively it is quantitatively determined via disassembly times, predicting also the status of the component at their End of Life. The aim of the methodology is reached at the fourth phase when alternative, eco-friendlier End of Life strategies are proposed, verified, and chosen.
EUCLIDIAN DISTANCE TRANSFORMATION, MAIN AXIS ROTATION AND NOISY DILITATION SUPPORTED CROSS-SECTION CLASSIFICATION WITH CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Denk Martin , Rother Klemens , Höfer Tobias , Mehlstäubl Jan , Paetzold Kristin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolygon meshes and particularly triangulated meshes can be used to describe the shape of different types of geometry such as bicycles, bridges, or runways. In engineering, such polygon meshes can be supplied as finite element meshes, resulting from topology optimization or from laser scanning. Especially from topology optimization, frame-like polygon meshes with slender parts are typical and often have to be converted into a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) format, e.g., for further geometrical detailing or performing additional shape optimization. Especially for such frame-like geometries, CAD designs are constructed as beams with cross-sections and beam-lines, whereby the cross-section is extruded along the beam-lines or beam skeleton. One major task in the recognition of beams is the classification of the cross-section type such as I, U, or T, which is addressed in this article. Therefore, a dataset consisting of different cross-sections represented as binary images is created. Noisy dilatation, the distance transformation, and main axis rotation are applied to these images to increase the robustness and reduce the necessary amount of samples. The resulting images are applied to a convolutional neuronal network.
EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE COLLABORATION OF DESIGN AND SIMULATION - AN INDUSTRIAL MULTI-METHOD STUDY
Authors: Schweigert-Recksiek Sebastian , Hagenow Niklas , Lindemann Udo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs mechanical simulations play an increasingly role in engineering projects, an appropriate integration of simulations into design-oriented product development processes is essential for efficient collaboration. To identify and overcome barriers between design and simulation departments, the BRIDGES approach was elaborated for barrier reduction in design engineering and simulation. This paper shows the industrial evaluation of the approach using a multi-method study of an online survey and focus group workshops. The experts' assessments were statistically analysed to build a connection matrix of barriers and recommendations. 59 participants from multiple industries with practical experience in the field contributed to the online survey, while 24 experts could be acquired for the focus group workshops. As a result of the workshops, both the data-based and the workshop-based part of the BRIDGES approach were assessed as beneficial to raise the efficiency of collaboration and practically applicable. This provides an empirically secured connection of barriers and suitable recommendations, allowing companies to identify and overcome collaboration barriers between design and simulation.
A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO GENERATE DESIGN WITH SPECIFIC STYLE
Authors: Wang Da , Li Jiaqi , Ge Zhen , Han Ji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCreativity is crucial in design. In recent years, growing computational methods are applied to improve the creativity of design. This paper aims to explore an approach to generate creative design images with specific feature or design style. A Generative Adversarial Network model is applied in the approach to learn the specific design style. The target products will be projected into the latent space of model to transfer their styles and generate images. The generated images combine the features of the specific design style and the features of the target product. In the experiment, the approach using the generated images to inspire the human designer to generate the creative design in according styles. According to the primary verification by participants, the generated images can bring novelty and surprise to participants, which gain the positive impact on human creativity.
AN ARCHITECTING APPROACH TO TRANSFORMATIONS WITHIN THE DESIGN CONSULTING INDUSTRY: IDEO CASE STUDY
Authors: Lee Sheng-Hung , Lin Wei-Ching , Rudnik John , Rhodes Donna H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnterprises evolve continuously, usually gradually, but sometimes rapidly in the face of disruptive events. The purpose of this study is to analyze the transformation process of the design consultancy in the face of challenges presented by advanced technology, economic change, and systemic shifts by applying selected methods and tools from the ARIES (Architecting Innovative Enterprise Strategy) framework. The study uses IDEO as an example to discuss the organizational structure of design consultancies, and describes how IDEO has evolved in the context of change. This study illustrates some emerging challenges that the design consulting industry is facing now and will face in the future, and how these challenges will affect organizational culture and structure, the design consulting process, the recruiting criteria, and the designers, as well as envisioning possible paths for the future of design consultancy.