bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual function in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Heřmánková Barbora , Špiritović Maja , Oreská Sabína , Štorkánová Hana , Komarc Martin , Klein Martin , Mann Heřman , Pavelka Karel , Šenolt Ladislav , Vencovský Jiří , Tomčík Michal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To date, there is almost no information concerning the sexual health of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). This cross-sectional study aimed to compare sexual function in patients with IIM to age-/sex-matched healthy controls (HC) and determine the potential impact of clinical features on sexual function.

Methods
In total, 122 women (61 with IIM, 61 age-matched HC) and 22 men (11 with IIM, 11 age-matched HC) aged 18–80 years completed gender-specific selection of 7 well-established and validated questionnaires assessing sexual health and function (Female Sexual Function Index, Brief Index of Sexual Function for Women, Sexual Function Questionnaire, Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire–Female, International Index of Erectile Function, Male Sexual Health Questionnaire, Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire–Male). Results were compared between patients and HC and correlated with selected disease-related features.

Results
The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in IIM was 59% in women (vs 40% in HC), and 64% (vs 9% in HC) in men. Men and women with IIM reported significantly impaired sexual function compared with sex-/age-matched HC. Decreased sexual function was associated with muscle weakness, disability, physical inactivity, fatigue, depression and decreased quality of life.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that sexual dysfunction is common among IIM patients and more attention should be paid to this aspect of the disease.
Shimizu Ikutarō and the Precarious Coexistence of Progressivism and Conservatism
Authors: LEE Seok-Won 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Shimizu Ikutarō (1907–1988) is one of the most controversial postwar Japanese intellectuals. His transition from the icon of the Anpo protests to an advocate of a nuclear Japan has been considered an intellectual conversion (tenkō). Instead of revisiting the notion of conversion, this study shows that his wartime thoughts—bottom-up nationalism in particular—continued to influence Shimizu’s postwar writings and activism on both conservative and liberal sides. Shimizu delineated his historical concept of how ordinary people in Meiji and Taisho Japan had contributed to the development of a modern society and called for the construction of a new system. Endorsing Japan’s wartime efforts, Shimizu strove to center nationalist energies by ordinary Japanese on his concept of a new Japan. However, Shimizu’s adherence to bottom-up movements in wartime and postwar Japan reflects his problematic interpretation of Japanese history. Neglecting Japan’s nationalistic path to colonial violence, his writings on the society and culture of wartime and postwar Japan affirm grass-root nationalism as Japan’s key to modern development. This line of thinking was later associated with anti-American nationalist movements in the 1950s. His notion of civil society movements soon encountered a highly nationalistic project of a nuclear Japan in the 1970s.
Experimental virus evolution in cancer cell monolayers, spheroids, and tissue explants
Authors: Al-Zaher Ahmed , Domingo-Calap Pilar , Sanjuán Rafael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Viral laboratory evolution has been used for different applications, such as modeling viral emergence, drug-resistance prediction, and therapeutic virus optimization. However, these studies have been mainly performed in cell monolayers, a highly simplified environment, raising concerns about their applicability and relevance. To address this, we compared the evolution of a model virus in monolayers, spheroids, and tissue explants. We performed this analysis in the context of cancer virotherapy by performing serial transfers of an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-Δ51) in 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells. We found that VSV-Δ51 gained fitness in each of these three culture systems, and that adaptation to the more complex environments (spheroids or explants) correlated with increased fitness in monolayers. Most evolved lines improved their ability to suppress β-interferon secretion compared to the VSV-Δ51 founder, suggesting that the selective pressure exerted by antiviral innate immunity was important in the three systems. However, system-specific patterns were also found. First, viruses evolved in monolayers remained more oncoselective that those evolved in spheroids, since the latter showed concomitant adaptation to non-tumoral mouse cells. Second, deep sequencing indicated that viral populations evolved in monolayers or explants tended to be more genetically diverse than those evolved in spheroids. Finally, we found highly variable outcomes among independent evolutionary lines propagated in explants. We conclude that experimental evolution in monolayers tends to be more reproducible than in spheroids or explants, and better preserves oncoselectivity. Our results also suggest that monolayers capture at least some relevant selective pressures present in more complex systems.
The Role of Alcohol Biomarkers in Detecting a Physician's COVID-19-Related Acute Stress Response: A Case Report
Authors: Polles Alexis G. , Jacobs William S. , Brazle Chad , Merlo Lisa J. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
Alcohol biomarkers are used to detect alcohol exposure in clinical and forensic settings. This includes professional health program (PHP) monitoring of healthcare workers in recovery from substance use disorders. Here we present the case of a physician whose positive alcohol biomarker test result was complicated by a traumatic stress response to frontline work during COVID-19.

Methods:
An anesthesiologist under PHP monitoring for substance use disorder and depression was interviewed extensively, urine and blood biomarkers were obtained, and longitudinal structured and semi-structured interviews related to anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and cravings were used to monitor responses to the unanticipated death of a patient who succumbed to COVID-19.

Results:
After an initial positive ethylglucuronide (EtG) and ethylsulfate (EtS) toxicology test result, all subsequent testing was negative. The physician described compulsive sanitizing hands/arms and mask with highly concentrated ethanol-based products. Standardized assessments and clinical interviews provided documentation of a COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress response. He was connected to additional therapeutic support services and monitoring continued.

Conclusions:
Inhalation of ethanol vapors was initially accepted as a possible explanation for the positive EtG/EtS results, though the physician later acknowledged that limited alcohol beverage consumption occurred 6 days prior to the positive test, further complicating its interpretation. Detection of aberrant behavior through ongoing monitoring helps to protect both healthcare workers and the patients they serve.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography of the Detoured Facial Artery: Variations and Implications for Nasojugal Groove Correction
Authors: Cong Li-Yao , Kong Xiang-Xue , Luo Cheng-En , Luo Sheng-Kang 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
When performing filler injection procedures to the nasojugal groove, there is the risk of iatrogenic damage to the detoured facial artery.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the 3-dimensional location of the detoured facial artery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The branches of the facial arteries from 118 cadaveric hemifaces were scanned using computed tomography and reconstructed using the Mimics software program.

RESULTS
Detoured facial arteries were found in 47 of the 118 hemifaces (39.8%). Two main arterial patterns were identified: in Type I (29 of 47 cases), there were both detoured and nasolabial trunks where the facial artery originated, whereas in Type II (18 of 47 cases), there was only a detoured trunk. The detoured trunk originated 32.0 ± 5.3 mm from the midsagittal line, 5.0 ± 2.8 mm from the occlusion plane, and 5.9 ± 3.5 mm below the skin layer; the inflection of the detoured trunk was located 30.0 ± 5.6 mm laterally, 26.2 ± 4.4 mm superiorly, and 5.7 ± 2.6 mm deep. The meeting point with the inferior orbital rim plane was located 17.1 ± 3.4 mm laterally, 43.4 ± 3.1 mm superiorly, and 2.8 ± 1.7 mm deep.

CONCLUSION
The 3-dimensional location of the detoured facial artery as reported here will help clinicians to avoid iatrogenic damage when they are performing filler injection procedures.
Long-term performance of a diffractive–refractive trifocal IOL with centralized diffractive rings: 5-year prospective clinical trial
Authors: Győry József F. , Srinivasan Sathish , Madár Edina , Balla Lilly 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To report the 5-year visual, refractive, and patient-reported outcomes following implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) during cataract surgery.

Setting:
Csolnoky Ferenc University Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary.

Design:
Prospective, longitudinal, single-center, interventional study.

Methods:
100 eyes of 50 patients underwent bilateral implantation of a trifocal IOL during cataract surgery. Preoperative corrected distance (CDVA) and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), CDVA, uncorrected (UIVA) and corrected (CIVA) intermediate and uncorrected (UNVA) and corrected (CNVA) near visual acuity were collected. All subjects were seen at day 1, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months, and at year 5. Contrast sensitivity, slitlamp photography, and quality of vision questionnaire were performed at months 3, 6, 12, and 24 and at year 5. Of these 50 patients, 41 completed their 5-year follow-up.

Results:
At year 5, 74 eyes of 37 patients were analyzed. The mean postoperative UDVA was 0.02 ± 0.10 (logMAR). The mean CDVA was −0.04 ± 0.07. The mean UIVA was 0.04 ± 0.09. The mean CIVA was 0.00 ± 0.08. The mean UNVA was 0.09 ± 0.09. The mean CNVA was 0.05 ± 0.07. Mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity values were in the upper third range of the age-matched normal values.

Conclusions:
5-year prospective study data showed that bilateral implantation of a diffractive–refractive trifocal IOL with centralized diffractive rings provided good functional vision at all distances. There was high level of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction with minimal levels of dysphotopsia.
When experience is not enough: learning-based cognitive pain modulation with or without instructions
Authors: Zaman Jonas , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Wiech Katja 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effects of expectations on pain perception are often studied using large differences in pain probabilities between experimental conditions, although they may be far more subtle in clinical contexts and, therefore, more difficult to detect. The current study aimed to investigate at which point subtle differences in pain probabilities can be detected and lead to differentiable expectations and perceptions. Furthermore, we investigated whether instructions can aid learning from experience and enhance subsequent pain modulatory effects. During a predictive learning task, participants were presented with 5 different cues, followed by either a high and low noxious stimulus. They learned about the different cue-stimulus contingencies either solely through experience (LEARN, N = 40) or a combination of experience and explicit information about the cue-stimulus contingencies (INSTRUCT, N = 40). We found that without explicit information, picking up the different pain probabilities was challenging, while explicit instruction significantly improved their detection. As revealed by drift diffusion modeling, learning from experience was insufficient for the development of a bias towards low pain even when it was highly likely. By contrast, when explicit information was provided, perception became more nuanced with the direction and extent of bias, capturing the subtle differences in pain probabilities. These findings highlight that the use of instructions to foster the detection of subtle pain improvements during pain treatment to enhance their cognitive pain modulatory effects warrant further investigation.
Assessing Physician Assistant Student Electronic Health Record Competency Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination
Authors: Jacobsen Emily , Drummond Sarah , Biagioli Frances Emily , Cantone Rebecca E. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Evaluate didactic year physician assistant (PA) student competency in electronic health record (EHR) communication and data management.

Methods
This study used an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to measure PA students' EHR patient communication and data skills.

Results
Most students demonstrated good EHR communication skills overall, while few students moved the computer to better facilitate the visit or verified the patient's identity. Additionally, few students demonstrated EHR data skills by reviewing patient history and medications.

Conclusions
Utilizing an OSCE to assess EHR competence can highlight areas for curricular improvement in order to improve EHR skills.
Assessment of Compassion in Physician Assistant Students
Authors: Reichman Jill , Palfreyman Lori , Babcock O'Connell Claire 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
It has been shown that empathy erodes in the later phases of education of both medical students and physician assistant (PA) students. This brief study assessed compassion in PA students at different levels of training to explore if a similar phenomenon occurs.

Methods
Students at entry, midway, and at the end of PA training were surveyed using Pommier's Compassion Scale.

Results
Although overall compassion scores were lower when comparing students further along in training, differences were not significant. Females scored significantly higher on the kindness subscale overall. Scores for the common humanity subscale declined for both males and females.

Conclusions
Unlike scales measuring empathy have shown, scores using a compassion rating scale did not decline with progression through PA school. Further research is needed to elucidate differences in subscales of compassion.
Recurrence Patterns After Surgical Resection of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Chan Hilary , Zhang Li , Choti Michael A. , Kulke Matthew , Yao James C. , Nakakura Eric K. , Bloomston Mark , Benson Al B. , Shah Manisha H. , Strosberg Jonathan R. , Bergsland Emily K. , Van Loon Katherine 
Published: May 2021

Objective
Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) recommend complete (R0) surgical resection of the primary tumor and metastases, if feasible. However, large multicenter studies of recurrence patterns of GEPNETs after resection have not been performed.

Methods
Patients 18 years or older who presented to 7 participating National Comprehensive Cancer Network institutions between 2004 and 2008 with a new diagnosis of a small bowel, pancreas, or colon/rectum neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and underwent R0 resection of the primary tumor, and synchronous metastases, if present, were included in this analysis. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to calculate recurrence rates and time-associated end points, respectively.

Results
Of 294 patients with GEPNETs, 50% were male, 88% were White, and 99% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1. The median age was 55 years (range, 20–90). The median follow-up time from R0 resection was 62.1 months. Recurrence rates were 18% in small bowel NETs (n = 110), 26% in pancreatic NETs (n = 141), and 10% in colon/rectum NETs (n = 50). The frequency of surveillance imaging was highly variable.

Conclusions
R0 resection was associated with variable risk of recurrence across subtypes. Further research to inform refinement of guidelines for the appropriate duration of surveillance after R0 resection is needed.
The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Consensus Guidelines for Surveillance and Management of Metastatic and/or Unresectable Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Fishbein Lauren , Del Rivero Jaydira , Else Tobias , Howe James R. , Asa Sylvia L. , Cohen Debbie L. , Dahia Patricia L.M. , Fraker Douglas L. , Goodman Karyn A. , Hope Thomas A. , Kunz Pamela L. , Perez Kimberly , Perrier Nancy D. , Pryma Daniel A. , Ryder Mabel , Sasson Aaron R. , Soulen Michael C. , Jimenez Camilo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This manuscript is the result of the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society consensus conference on the medical management and surveillance of metastatic and unresectable pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma held on October 2 and 3, 2019. The panelists consisted of endocrinologists, medical oncologists, surgeons, radiologists/nuclear medicine physicians, nephrologists, pathologists, and radiation oncologists. The panelists performed a literature review on a series of questions regarding the medical management of metastatic and unresectable pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma as well as questions regarding surveillance after resection. The panelists voted on controversial topics, and final recommendations were sent to all panel members for final approval.
Vagotomy and Splenectomy Reduce Insulin Secretion and Interleukin-1β
Authors: Siqueira Bruna Schumaker , Ceglarek Vanessa Marieli , Gomes Ellen Carolina Zawoski , Vettorazzi Jean Franciesco , Rentz Thiago , Nenevê Juliane Zanon , Volinski Karoline Zanella , Moraes Sandra Schmidt , Malta Ananda , de Freitas Mathias Paulo Cezar , de Oliveira Emilio Henriette Rosa , Balbo Sandra Lucinei , Grassiolli Sabrina 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vagotomy, when associated with splenectomy, on adiposity and glucose homeostasis in Wistar rats.

Methods
Rats were divided into 4 groups: vagotomized (VAG), splenectomized (SPL), VAG + SPL, and SHAM. Glucose tolerance tests were performed, and physical and biochemical parameters evaluated. Glucose-induced insulin secretion and protein expression (Glut2/glucokinase) were measured in isolated pancreatic islets. Pancreases were submitted to histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and vagus nerve neural activity was recorded.

Results
The vagotomized group presented with reduced body weight, growth, and adiposity; high food intake; reduced plasma glucose and triglyceride levels; and insulin resistance. The association of SPL with the VAG surgery attenuated, or abolished, the effects of VAG and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion and interleukin-1β area in β cells, in addition to lowering vagal activity.

Conclusions
The absence of the spleen attenuated or blocked the effects of VAG on adiposity, triglycerides and glucose homeostasis, suggesting a synergistic effect of both on metabolism. The vagus nerve and spleen modulate the presence of interleukin-1β in β cells, possibly because of the reduction of glucose-induced insulin secretion, indicating a bidirectional flow between autonomous neural firing and the spleen, with repercussions for the endocrine pancreas.
Optimal Timing of Endoscopic Intervention After Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Chronic Calcified Pancreatitis
Authors: Guo Ji-Yao , Qian Yang-Yang , Sun Hui , Chen Hui , Zou Wen-Bin , Hu Liang-Hao , Li Zhao-Shen , Xin Lei , Liao Zhuan 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
The interval between extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may cause differences in cannulation and stone removal. This study was to investigate the optimal timing of ERCP after ESWL.

Methods
Patients with chronic calcified pancreatitis, who underwent ESWL and subsequent ERCP in Changhai Hospital from February 2012 to February 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. The interval between ESWL and ERCP was used to divide patients into groups A (<12 hours), B (12–36 hours), and C (>36 hours). Cannulation success, stone clearance, and post-ESWL/ERCP complications were compared.

Results
A total of 507 patients were enrolled. There were no significant differences regarding the successful cannulation and stone removal rates between the 3 groups. In patients without prior ERCP, the successful cannulation rates were 71.4%, 81.9%, and 90.9% (P = 0.004), and the successful clearance rates were 76.2%, 85.1%, and 90.9% (P = 0.031) for these 3 groups, respectively, showing significant differences. There were no differences in the successful cannulation and stone extraction rates for patients with prior ERCP.

Conclusions
The interval between ESWL and ERCP in chronic calcified pancreatitis patients with prior ERCP is not relevant, while delaying endoscopic intervention is recommended in those with native papilla.
Experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free domestic lambs withMycoplasma ovipneumoniaecauses asymptomatic colonization of the upper airways that is resistant to antibiotic treatment
Authors: Johnson Thea , Jones Kerri , Tegner Jacobson B. , Schearer Julia , Mosdal Cassie , Jones Steven , Jutila Mark , Rynda-Apple Agnieszka , Besser Thomas , Bimczok Diane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMycoplasma ovipneumoniae(M. ovipneumoniae) is a respiratory pathogen associated with the development of mild to moderate respiratory disease in domestic lambs and severe pneumonia outbreaks in wild ruminants such as bighorn sheep. However, whetherM. ovipneumoniaeby itself causes clinical respiratory disease in domestic sheep in the absence of secondary bacterial pathogens is still a matter of debate. The goal of our study was to better understand the role ofM. ovipneumoniaeas a respiratory pathogen in domestic sheep and to explore potential antibiotic treatment approaches. Therefore, we inoculated four-month-old, specific-pathogen-free lambs with field isolates ofM. ovipneumoniaeand monitored the lambs for eight weeks for colonization with the bacteria,M. ovipneumoniae-specific antibodies, clinical symptoms, and cellular and molecular correlates of lung inflammation. After eight weeks, lambs were treated with the macrolide antibiotic gamithromycin and observed for an additional four weeks. Stable colonization of the upper respiratory tract withM. ovipneumoniaewas established in all fourM. ovipneumoniae-inoculated, but in none of the four mock-infected lambs. AllM. ovipneumoniae-infected lambs developed a robust antibody response toM. ovipneumoniaewithin 2 weeks. However, we did not observe significant clinical symptoms or evidence of lung damage or inflammation in any of the infected lambs. Interestingly, treatment with gamithromycin failed to reduceM. ovipneumoniaecolonization. These observations indicate that, in the absence of co-factors,M. ovipneumoniaecauses asymptomatic colonization of the upper respiratory tract of that is resistant to clearance by the host immune response as well as by gamithromycin treatment in domestic lambs.