bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Structural Microenvironment in Post-Traumatic War Wounds
Authors: Christopherson Gregory T. , de Vasconcellos Jaira F. , Dunn John C. , Griffin Daniel W. , Jones Patrick E. , Nesti Leon J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The development of post-traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common, undesirable sequela in patients with high-energy (war-related) extremity injuries. While inflammatory and osteoinductive signaling pathways are known to be involved in the development and progression of post-traumatic HO, features of the structural microenvironment within which the ectopic bone begins to form remain poorly understood. Thus, increasing our knowledge of molecular and structural changes within the healing wound may help elucidate the pathogenesis of post-traumatic HO and aid in the development of specific treatment and/or prevention strategies.

METHODS:
In this study, we performed high-resolution microscopy and biochemical analysis of tissues obtained from traumatic war wounds to characterize changes in the structural microenvironment. In addition, using an electrospinning approach, we modeled this microenvironment to reconstitute a three-dimensional type I collagen scaffold with non-woven, randomly oriented nanofibers where we evaluated the performance of primary mesenchymal progenitor cells.

RESULTS:
We found that traumatic war wounds are characterized by a disorganized, densely fibrotic collagen I matrix that influences progenitor cells adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential.

CONCLUSION:
Altogether, these results suggest that the structural microenvironment present in traumatic war wounds has the potential to contribute to the development of post-traumatic HO. Our findings may support novel treatment strategies directed towards modifying the structural microenvironment after traumatic injury.
Optimal forecasting accuracy using Lp-norm combination
Authors: Giacalone Massimiliano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA well-known result in statistics is that a linear combination of two-point forecasts has a smaller Mean Square Error (MSE) than the two competing forecasts themselves (Bates and Granger in J Oper Res Soc 20(4):451–468, 1969). The only case in which no improvements are possible is when one of the single forecasts is already the optimal one in terms of MSE. The kinds of combination methods are various, ranging from the simple average (SA) to more robust methods such as the one based on median or Trimmed Average (TA) or Least Absolute Deviations or optimization techniques (Stock and Watson in J Forecast 23(6):405–430, 2004). Standard regression-based combination approaches may fail to get a realistic result if the forecasts show high collinearity in several situations or the data distribution is not Gaussian. Therefore, we propose a forecast combination method based on Lp-norm estimators. These estimators are based on the Generalized Error Distribution, which is a generalization of the Gaussian distribution, and they can be used to solve the cases of multicollinearity and non-Gaussianity. In order to demonstrate the potential of Lp-norms, we conducted a simulated and an empirical study, comparing its performance with other standard-regression combination approaches. We carried out the simulation study with different values of the autoregressive parameter, by alternating heteroskedasticity and homoskedasticity. On the other hand, the real data application is based on the daily Bitfinex historical series of bitcoins (2014–2020) and the 25 historical series relating to companies included in the Dow Jonson, were subsequently considered. We showed that, by combining different GARCH and the ARIMA models, assuming both Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributions, the Lp-norm scheme improves the forecasting accuracy with respect to other regression-based combination procedures.
How to gauge investor behavior? A comparison of online investor sentiment measures
Authors: Ballinari Daniele , Behrendt Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGiven the increasing interest in and the growing number of publicly available methods to estimate investor sentiment from social media platforms, researchers and practitioners alike are facing one crucial question – which is best to gauge investor sentiment? We compare the performance of daily investor sentiment measures estimated from Twitter and StockTwits short messages by publicly available dictionary and machine learning based methods for a large sample of stocks. To determine their relevance for financial applications, these investor sentiment measures are compared by their effects on the cross-section of stocks (i) within a Fama and MacBeth (J Polit Econ 81:607–636, 1973) regression framework applied to a measure of retail investors’ order imbalances and (ii) by their ability to forecast abnormal returns in a model-free portfolio sorting exercise. Interestingly, we find that investor sentiment measures based on finance-specific dictionaries do not only have a greater impact on retail investors’ order imbalances than measures based on machine learning approaches, but also perform very well compared to the latter in our asset pricing application.
Incidentalomas of the uterine tube diagnosed on hysterectomy piece: A case report
Authors: EL Miski Fatiha , Elazzouzi Elhassan , Kiram Hamza , Telmoudi Ely cheikh , Wajih Oumaima , Mahdaoui Sakher , Boufettal Houssine , Samouh Naima 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Primary cancers of the uterine tube are among the rare tumors of the female genital tract, representing less than 2% of gynecologic malignancies.

Cases presentation:
We report a case of tubal adenocarcinoma diagnosed incidentally on a hysterectomy specimen in a patient followed at the gynecology department. The patient underwent primary reduction surgery followed by six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel combined with 23 sessions of radiotherapy and two courses of brachytherapy. The patient is in complete remission with a follow-up of 14 months.

Clinical discussion:
These cancers of unknown etiology are dominated by adenocarcinoma, the clinical signs are often dissociated, and the preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The diagnosis should be made in the presence of any metrorrhagia associated with leucorrhoea in postmenopausal women. The treatment is similar to that of malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary with a prognosis that depends on the stage of the disease.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis of cancers of the uterine tube is very difficult to confirm because of the proximity of the uterus and the ovary and to evoke in front of any cellular atypia of the cervico-uterine smear associated with adnexal anomalies.

Highlights
Development and Validation of the Satisfaction Survey for Inflatable Penile Implant (SSIPI)
Authors: Salter Carolyn A. , Bach Philip Vu , Jenkins Lawrence , Bennett Nelson , Yafi Faysal A. , el Khatib Farouk , Schofield Elizabeth , Benfante Nicole , Althof Stanley E. , Nelson Christian J. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundNo validated English language patient-reported outcome (PRO) currently exists that assesses satisfaction with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Satisfaction data have been largely based primarily on surgeon assessment of patients or using questionnaires that have not been designed for this purpose.AimTo develop an English-language validated PRO that assesses patient satisfaction after IPP surgery.MethodsInitially, a literature review and discussions with experts defined domains important to IPP satisfaction (pain, appearance, function, overall satisfaction). The initial 35-item Satisfaction Survey for Inflatable Penile Implant (SSIPI) was developed. Cognitive interviews were then performed with IPP patients (n = 12) to gain feedback on the SSIPI domains and items. These data were used to modify SSIPI with the addition of 2 questions for a final item number of 37. Patients from 4 centers, who were between 6 months and 5 years after IPP, were administered the questionnaire through RedCap. Reliability statistics and content analysis were used to winnow questions to yield the final 16-item version of the SSIPI. Internal consistency was assessed via Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlation. Test-retest reliability was assessed via intraclass correlation coefficients using baseline and 2-week data. For convergent validity, the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction and the Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire were used. For discriminant validity, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the SSIPI.OutcomesInternal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were assessed.RESULTS118 men were surveyed. Mean age was 66.8 ± 9.5 years. The 16-item SSIPI showed high internal consistency with an overall Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.97 (domains 0.85–0.89). Item-total correlations for individual items to subscales ranged from 0.60 to 0.91. The overall test-retest reliability was 0.94 (domains 0.87–0.93). Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction and Self-Esteem and Relationship had correlations of 0.84 overall (domains 0.57–0.79) and 0.47 overall (domains 0.34–0.44), respectively. International Prostate Symptom Score (discriminant validity) had correlations of -0.29 overall (domains -0.17 to -0.31).Clinical ImplicationsSSIPI is the first English-language validated IPP satisfaction PRO. This will enable clinicians to collect satisfaction data in a standardized way.Strengths and LimitationsAs strengths we have used a rigorous psychometric process and have no industry sponsorship. Limitations include small numbers of specific subpopulations.CONCLUSIONThe SSIPI has demonstrated robust psychometric properties.
Mass prediction models for air cargo challenge aircraft
Authors: Garcia G.L. , Gamboa P.V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDesign/Build/Fly competitions are attracting increased interest in the training of aerospace engineers at academic level worldwide. These competitions entail fundamental activities in aircraft design, optimization and manufacturing which foster student knowledge not possible in classical academic activities. Over the years, the competitiveness of these contests has increased due to the ever-increasing performance that the aircraft exhibit in the flight event. Mass prediction models, specific for competitions such as Air Cargo Challenge (ACC), are presented in this paper. These models are divided into two development methods: statistical and structure-based equations.The statistical mass models are developed based on data collected from past ACC editions where model accuracy is mainly dependent on the amount of data available. Three models are derived, one containing all available aircraft and two more obtained by dividing the aircraft into balsa- or composite-dominated structures.Using the structure-based equations method, where the amount of material required to withstand the stresses that the airplane is subjected to is determined, a model is developed for each one of the three considered wing structural concepts, namely two-cell Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP), CFRP D-box and CFRP tube spar. The tail boom component equation is created independently, while the remaining components masses are determined from coefficients based on geometric characteristics and the computed wing or total masses. The average error associated with these models is inferior to 2% for the total mass.The results obtained from the application to the considered study cases are also presented, and the validity, accuracy, and application in terms of the design phase for each method are discussed.
Three‐Dimensional Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data for a Resistivity Model With Arbitrary Anisotropy
Authors: Kong Wenxin , Tan Handong , Lin Changhong , Unsworth Martyn , Lee Benjamin , Peng Miao , Wang Mao , Tong Tuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrical anisotropy is increasingly recognized as an important aspect of the resistivity models required to explain magnetotelluric (MT) observations. However, a limited number of practical MT inversion algorithms that can consider anisotropy have been published to date. To address this problem, we have developed a three‐dimensional (3‐D) MT inversion algorithm that recovers a 3‐D resistivity model that considers arbitrary electrical anisotropy. The inversion uses the same inversion algorithm as the widely used ModEM inversion algorithm, and a novel forward modeling algorithm to consider the anisotropic Earth. The algorithm was tested on both synthetic and field MT data. Inversions considered both a completely general anisotropy tensor with six components and approximations with less parameters. Synthetic inversions show that the two horizontal components of resistivity and the anisotropy strike can be well recovered, while the vertical component of resistivity is poorly resolved, primarily because current flow in MTs is dominantly horizontal. The synthetic examples confirm the limitation of the axial anisotropic inversion technique when applied to MT data produced by a resistivity model with arbitrary anisotropy. The synthetic inversions also showed that inversion of data from an isotropic model will not result in an artificially anisotropic model. Compared to the isotropic inversion model of the real MT data, the anisotropic model clearly shows some features that are consistent with the mapped geology. As expected, the results showed that a given data set can be fit by a range of models, with an inherent trade‐off from 3‐D heterogeneity to 3‐D anisotropy. This uncertainty can be reduced with the use of prior information in the inversion.
Sigmoid Generalized Complementary Equation for Evaporation Over Wet Surfaces: A Nonlinear Modification of the Priestley‐Taylor Equation
Authors: Han Songjun , Tian Fuqiang , Wang Wei , Wang Liming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe deviations of the Priestley‐Taylor (PT) coefficient from a fixed value around 1.26 indicate a nonlinear dependence of wet surface evaporation () on the equilibrium evaporation (, which is the radiation term in Penman potential evaporation []). The linear PT equation with a fixed coefficient underestimates for small but overestimates for large , whereas the Penman equation with calibrated linear wind function has the opposite bias. In this study, the sigmoid generalized complementary (SGC) equation by Han and Tian (2018a), https://doi.org/10.1029/2017wr021755 was applied to estimate the wet surface evaporation by setting its asymmetric parameter to infinity. The SGC equation with one fixed parameter captures the nonlinear dependence of on over wet surfaces by including the aerodynamic component of with a reference wind function, and amends the shortages of the linear PT and Penman equation. By using datasets over open water surfaces of lakes and ocean, wetlands, and paddy fields, the validation results indicate that the wet surface SGC equation performed better than the linear PT and Penman equations on evaporation estimation. The success of the wet surface SGC equation has implications for the extension of the complementary principle to consider varying aerodynamic conditions over wet surfaces.
On the Growth and Development of Non‐Linear Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability at Mars: MAVEN Observations
Authors: Poh Gangkai , Espley Jared R. , Nykyri Katariina , Fowler Christopher M. , Ma Xuanye , Xu Shaosui , Hanley Gwen , Romanelli Norberto , Bowers Charles , Gruesbeck Jacob , DiBraccio Gina A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we have analyzed Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations of fields and plasma signatures associated with an encounter of fully developed Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) vortices at the northern polar terminator along Mars' induced magnetosphere boundary. The signatures of the K–H vortices event are: (a) quasi‐periodic, “bipolar‐like” sawtooth magnetic field perturbations, (b) corresponding density decrease, (c) tailward enhancement of plasma velocity for both protons and heavy ions, (d) co‐existence of magnetosheath and planetary plasma in the region prior to the sawtooth magnetic field signature (i.e., mixing region of the vortex structure), and (e) pressure enhancement (minimum) at the edge (center) of the sawtooth magnetic field signature. Our results strongly support the scenario for the non‐linear growth of K–H instability along Mars’ induced magnetosphere boundary, where a plasma flow difference between the magnetosheath and induced‐magnetospheric plasma is expected. Our findings are also in good agreement with 3‐dimensional local magnetohydrodynamics simulation results. MAVEN observations of protons with energies greater than 10 keV and results from the Walén analyses suggests the possibility of particle energization within the mixing region of the K–H vortex structure via magnetic reconnection, secondary instabilities or other turbulent processes. We estimate the lower limit on the K–H instability linear growth rate to be ∼5.84 × 10−3 s−1. For these vortices, we estimate the instantaneous atmospheric ion escape flux due to the detachment of plasma clouds during the late non‐linear stage of K–H instability to be ∼5.90 × 1026 particles/s. Extrapolation of loss rates integrated across time and space will require further work.
20 Years of Cluster Observations: The Magnetopause
Authors: Haaland S. , Hasegawa H. , Paschmann G. , Sonnerup B. , Dunlop M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe terrestrial magnetopause forms the boundary between the solar wind plasma with its embedded interplanetary magnetic field on one side, and the terrestrial magnetosphere, dominated by Earth's dipole field, on the other side. It is therefore a key region for the transfer of mass, momentum, and energy from the solar wind to the magnetosphere. The Cluster mission, comprising a constellation of four spacecraft flying in formation was launched more than 20 years ago to study boundaries in space. During its lifetime, Cluster has provided a wealth of new knowledge about the magnetopause. In this paper, we give an overview of Cluster‐based studies of this boundary, and highlight a selection of interesting results.
The Effect of Fe‐Al Substitution on the Crystal Structure of MgSiO3 Bridgmanite
Authors: Huang Rong , Boffa Ballaran Tiziana , McCammon Catherine A. , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Frost Daniel J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe crystal chemistry of ten well‐characterized bridgmanite single‐crystals with Fe and Al contents ranging from 0 to 0.40 atoms per two‐cation formula units were investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Structural refinements indicate that Fe3+ and Al mainly occupy the Mg and Si sites, respectively, when present in similar proportions. Molar volumes of bridgmanite endmember components were refined using data from this and previous studies and found to decrease in the order Fe3+Fe3+O3 > MgFe3+O2.5 > Fe3+AlO3 > MgAlO2.5 > AlAlO3 > Fe2+SiO3 > MgSiO3. Fe3+AlO3 charge‐coupled substitution leads to an anisotropic increase of B‐O bond distances, resulting in more distorted octahedral B sites and in a more significant increase of the c‐axis with respect to the a‐ and b‐axes. Valence bond calculations indicate that the A site is more compressible than the B site for all bridgmanite samples studied, implying that octahedral tilting and distortion will dominate the bridgmanite compression mechanism. Guided by these crystal chemical observations, bulk moduli of bridgmanite endmember components were estimated using results of previous studies. The volume changes of equilibria controlling the speciation of bridgmanite components were then calculated at conditions relevant to the top of Earth's lower mantle. The proportion of oxygen vacancy components is predicted to decrease with pressure. While the stability of the bridgmanite Fe3+AlO3 component will drive charge disproportionation to produce iron metal at the top of the lower mantle, this appears to be much less favorable by 50 GPa. An increase in the proportion of the Fe3+Fe3+O3 bridgmanite component, however, may favor the formation of iron metal at higher pressures.
Impulsive Tsunami and Large Runup Along the Sanriku Coast of Japan Produced by an Inelastic Wedge Deformation Model
Authors: Du Yue , Ma Shuo , Kubota Tatsuya , Saito Tatsuhiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDynamic wedge failure produces short‐wavelength seafloor uplift efficiently with diminishing shallow slip on the plate interface, generating impulsive tsunami. For ria coasts with prevalent small‐wavelength bathymetric and geomorphologic features, such as the Sanriku coast of Japan, impulsive tsunami can be amplified to produce large runup. We model tsunami propagation and runup of the 1896 Sanriku tsunami by using the seafloor deformation from dynamic rupture models of Ma and Nie (2019) for a MW 8 earthquake with inelastic wedge deformation. The nonlinear Boussinesq equation is solved by a nested‐grid finite‐difference method with high‐resolution bathymetry data. We show that an inelastic deformation model with extensive wedge failure produces impulsive tsunami similar to those observed offshore the Sanriku coast in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and generates large runup remarkably consistent with the 1896 Sanriku tsunami. As an alternative to previous models based solely on fault slip, we suggest that the impulsive tsunami and large runup along the Sanriku coast observed in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake can be explained by inelastic wedge deformation north of 38.5°N.
Drought‐Induced Salinity Enhancement Weakens Mangrove Greenhouse Gas Cycling
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Sun Chenyang , Qin Zhangcai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe importance of tidal mangroves in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) via sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has been increasingly recognized, but this climate benefit comes at a biogeochemical cost of methane (CH4) emissions. Previous studies have assessed the net radiative effect of mangrove GHG fluxes, however, large uncertainty still exists due to the very limited availability of long‐term continuous measurements. In this study, we analyzed the temporal variations of GHG (CO2 and CH4) fluxes and their environmental controls based on eddy covariance measurements in a subtropical estuarine mangrove in the Southeast China during 2019 and 2020, when a severe drought occurred. The results showed (a) annually this mangrove acted as a CO2 sink of −1,075.8 g C m−2 and a CH4 source of 3.1 g C m−2, and the CH4‐induced warming effect can offset 4.6% (9.8%) of the CO2‐induced cooling effect at a 100‐year (20‐year) time horizon using the metric of sustained‐flux global warming potentials; (b) net CO2 and CH4 fluxes showed different diurnal and seasonal variation patterns, with stronger CO2 sink and CH4 source in colder and warmer seasons, respectively; (c) drought‐induced salinity enhancement due to reduced rainfall and river discharge weakened GHG cycling, lowering both CO2 sink and CH4 source in the drier year. This study confirms that ecosystem‐level CH4 emissions from estuarine mangroves are not negligible and could substantially offset the CO2‐induced cooling effect. Future increases in temperature and salinity with expected global warming and sea level rise will likely weaken the climate benefits of mangroves.