bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterisation, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid‐grafted chitosan conjugates
Authors: Wang Jiaolong , Jiang Zhiguo 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn this study, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid‐grafted chitosan (PA‐g‐CS) conjugates with different grafting degrees were synthesised by free radical‐regulated grafting approach. The obtained PA‐g‐CS conjugates were characterised by UV–Vis spectra, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed that PA was successfully grafted onto the hydroxyl group and the amino group positions of CS. Compared with CS, PA‐g‐CS showed decreased crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as a loose and porous surface morphology. The antioxidant assays demonstrated that PA‐g‐CS exhibited remarkably enhanced 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐pyridohydrazino‐ and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6)‐sulfonic acid‐scavenging activities in vitro. Similarly, the synthesised PA‐g‐CS also significantly increased the antimicrobial activities towards gram negative and positive bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the products with a relatively higher grafting degree showed stronger biological activities. Our findings suggest that PA‐g‐CS conjugates have great potential application in the field of active packaging, antioxidants and preservatives.
Scale‐type‐specific requirement for the mosquito Aedes aegyptiSpindle‐F homologue by regulating microtubule organization
Authors: Djokic Sanja , Bakhrat Anna , Li Ming , Akbari Omar S. , Abdu Uri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInsect epithelial cells contain unique cellular extensions such as bristles, hairs, and scales. In contrast to bristle and hair, which are not divergent in their shape, scale morphology shows high diversity. In our attempt to characterize the role of the insect‐specific gene, Spindle‐F (spn‐F), in mosquito development, we revealed a scale‐type specific requirement for the mosquito Aedes aegypti spn‐F homologue. Using CRISPR‐Cas9, we generated Ae‐spn‐F mutants and found that Ae‐spn‐F is an essential gene, but we were able to recover a few adult escapers. These escapers could not fly nor move, and died after 3 to 4 days. We found that in Ae‐spn‐F mutants, only the tip part of the bristle was affected with bulbous with misoriented ribs. We also show that in Ae‐spn‐F mutants, only in falcate scales, which are curved with a sharp or narrowly rounded apex, and not in other scale types, the tip region is strongly affected. Our analysis also revealed that in contrast to Drosophila spn‐F, which show strong defects in both the actin and microtubule (MT) network in the bristle, the Ae‐spn‐F gene is required only for MT organization in scales and bristles. In summary, our results reveal that Ae‐spn‐F is required for shaping tapered epithelial cellular extension structures, namely, the bristle and falcate scales by affecting MT organization.
Highly sensitive optical thermometer of Sm3+, Mn4+ activated LaGaO3 phosphor for the regulated thermal behavior
Authors: Li Ziyang , Yu Xue , Wang Ting , Wang Shaoqing , Guo Longchao , Cui Zhenzhen , Yan Guilong , Feng Wei , Zhao Feng , Chen Jiaqi , Xu Xuhui , Qiu Jianbei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSm3+, Mn4+ co‐activated LaGaO3 phosphors, giving the characteristic emissions of orange and red emission simultaneously, were prepared by a solid‐state reaction. Their luminescence properties, energy transfer behavior, thermal stability, and ratiometric temperature sensing performance were investigated. Thanks to the inhibition of energy transfer between Sm3+ and Mn4+ ions at high temperature and the reconstruction of the traps, the distinct optical behavior of the involved activators dependent on the ambient temperature was evaluated. Anti‐thermal quenching performance of Sm3+ ions along with the emission declination of Mn4+ ions was observed. Hence, the optical thermometry characteristics of the resultant phosphor based on the fluorescent intensity ratio (orange/red) realize a recorded temperature sensitivity of 4.19% K−1 and 2.09% K−1. Moreover, the as‐explored film combined with the LaGaO3: Sm3+, Mn4+ phosphor is demonstrated to be a promising multi‐color optical thermometer.
C1632 suppresses the migration and proliferation of non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells involving LIN28 and FGFR1 pathway
Authors: Chen Jing‐yi , Chen Yu‐jing , Liu Lu , Jin Xiang‐xiang , Shen Zhe , Chen Wen‐bin , Yang Teng , Xu Si‐bei , Wang Guang‐bao , Cheng Yi‐nuo , Cheng De‐zhi , Liu Zhi‐guo , Zheng Xiao‐hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChemoresistance and migration represent major obstacles in the therapy of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer patients in clinic. In the present study, we report that the compound C1632 is preferentially distributed in the lung after oral administration in vivo with high bioavailability and limited inhibitory effects on CYP450 isoenzymes. We found that C1632 could simultaneously inhibit the expression of LIN28 and block FGFR1 signalling transduction in NSCLC A549 and A549R cells, resulting in significant decreases in the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9. Consequently, C1632 effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 and A549R cells. Meanwhile, C1632 significantly suppressed the cell viability and the colony formation of A549 and A549R cells by inhibiting DNA replication and inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, compared with A549 cells, C1632 possesses the same or even better anti‐migration and anti‐proliferation effects on A549R cells, regardless of drug resistance. In addition, C1632 also displayed the capacity to inhibit the growth of A549R xenograft tumours in mice. Altogether, these findings reveal the potential of C1632 as a promising anti‐NSCLC agent, especially for chemotherapy‐resistant NSCLC treatment.
Perception, experience and relationship with food and eating in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Barrett Joanne , Slatter Georgina , Whitehouse Joanna L. , Nash Edward F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Dietetic therapy is a prominent aspect of CF management, with patients receiving nutritional surveillance and advice throughout their lifetime. The present study aimed to explore the perception, experience and relationship with food and eating in adults with CF.MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with nine adults with CF. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically following a previously described six‐phase procedure.ResultsSix themes were identified: ‘Sustained influence of eating experience in childhood’, ‘Eating for health: weight gain to prevent infection’, ‘Balancing health and body image’, ‘I'm different,’ ‘Strategies for managing food intake’ and ‘Support from family, friends and the CF Team’. Participants talked about the range of strategies they employ, with a focus on eating well and choosing high calorie foods being an important part of their health management strategy. This is driven by the belief that a good weight ensures better health and perceiving eating as a treatment.ConclusionsThis group felt able to cope well and had developed strategies to manage their dietary needs. Food experience was variable throughout their lifetime, with childhood experience having a sustained effect on adult eating behaviour. Weight gain, body image and dietary health implications are considerable concerns for patients. New CF transmembrane modulator treatments (CFTR modulators) are changing the dietary needs of this population. It is important that these issues are explored during dietetic consultations to identify barriers to dietary change.
SoySNP618K array: A high‐resolution single nucleotide polymorphism platform as a valuable genomic resource for soybean genetics and breeding
Authors: Li Yan‐Fei , Li Ying‐Hui , Su Shan‐Shan , Reif Jochen C. , Qi Zhao‐Ming , Wang Xiao‐Bo , Wang Xing , Tian Yu , Li De‐Lin , Sun Ru‐Jian , Liu Zhang‐Xiong , Xu Ze‐Jun , Fu Guang‐Hui , Ji Ya‐Liang , Chen Qing‐Shan , Liu Ji‐Qiang , Qiu Li‐Juan 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTInnovations in genomics have enabled the development of low‐cost, high‐resolution, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays that accelerate breeding progress and support basic research in crop science. Here, we developed and validated the SoySNP618K array (618,888 SNPs) for the important crop soybean. The SNPs were selected from whole‐genome resequencing data containing 2,214 diverse soybean accessions; 29.34% of the SNPs mapped to genic regions representing 86.85% of the 56,044 annotated high‐confidence genes. Identity‐by‐state analyses of 318 soybeans revealed 17 redundant accessions, highlighting the potential of the SoySNP618K array in supporting gene bank management. The patterns of population stratification and genomic regions enriched through domestication were highly consistent with previous findings based on resequencing data, suggesting that the ascertainment bias in the SoySNP618K array was largely compensated for. Genome‐wide association mapping in combination with reported quantitative trait loci enabled fine‐mapping of genes known to influence flowering time, E2 and GmPRR3b, and of a new candidate gene, GmVIP5. Moreover, genomic prediction of flowering and maturity time in 502 recombinant inbred lines was highly accurate (>0.65). Thus, the SoySNP618K array is a valuable genomic tool that can be used to address many questions in applied breeding, germplasm management, and basic crop research.
Predictors of Active Transportation Among Safe Routes to School Participants in Arizona: Impacts of Distance and Income
Authors: Ross Allison , Kurka Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDActive transportation to school (ATS) is a component of a whole school approach to health promotion among youth.METHODSIndividual‐ and school‐level predictors of ATS were examined using data from parent surveys (N = 11,100) of students in grades 3‐8 attending 112 schools in Arizona (United States) administering Safe Routes to School (SRTS) programs between 2007 and 2018. Multilevel logistic models were estimated to predict the likelihood of students using active (walking or biking) versus inactive travel (riding bus or car) to and from school, and across distance and school‐level income categories.RESULTSStudent grade, parent education, asking permission to use ATS, perceived health and school support for ATS, distance, and school income were predictive of ATS. The impact of demographic factors persisted across distances of ½ mile or less and at low‐ and medium‐income schools but diminished as distance and income increased. Asking permission and perceived school support persisted across levels of distance and income, while perceiving ATS as healthy was significant only for distances under 1 mile.CONCLUSIONSSRTS programs should continue promoting health benefits and school support for ATS. SRTS may be particularly effective at low‐ and medium‐income schools and among families living within ½ mile distances.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral and intravenous metoprolol tartrate in clinically healthy horses
Authors: Luethy Daniela , Robinson Mary A. , Stefanovski Darko , Haughan Joanne , Torcivia Catherine , Kowalski Alycia , Ford Matthew , You Youwen , Missanelli Jaclyn , Slack Joann 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCardiac drugs with defined pharmacological parameters in horses are limited. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties and cardiovascular effects of intravenous and oral metoprolol tartrate (MET) in horses. In a 2‐period randomized cross‐over design, MET was administered IV (0.04 mg/kg) and PO (6 mg/kg) once to six healthy adult horses. Horses were monitored via continuous telemetry and non‐invasive blood pressure (NIBP). Blood samples were serially collected for 72 h post‐administration, and concentrations were determined by LC‐MS/MS. Pharmacokinetics were modeled using a 3‐compartment model and non‐linear least squares regression. Median (range) MET concentration was 110 (40.1–197) ng/ml collected 1 min (0.0167 h) after a bolus IV administration. Maximum concentration (Cmax) after PO administration was 2135 (1590–4170) ng/ml at 0.5 (0.25–0.5) hours. Oral bioavailability was 54% (17–100%). Median apparent volume of distribution was 0.39 (0.17–0.58) l/kg, clearance was 12.63 (11.41–18.94) ml/kg/min, and elimination half‐life was 21.1 (7.46–34.36) minutes. No clinically relevant effects of IV or PO metoprolol were noted on cardiac rhythm or NIBP. Sweating was the most common side effect. The metoprolol doses used in this study achieve plasma concentrations reported to achieve ß‐blockade in humans.
Estimation of railway track longitudinal irregularity using vehicle response with information compression and Bayesian deep learning
Authors: Li Chenzhong , He Qing , Wang Ping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn railway transportation, track geometry irregularity is one of the main factors in controlling train safety. At present, railway practitioners typically use the track geometry car (TGC) based on the inertial navigation system to inspect track irregularities. However, TGCs are quite expensive, and their inspection interval is relatively long. Among a variety of emerging methods, using vehicle responses to estimate track irregularities seems very promising as it enables a cheaper and more efficient solution. In this work, an extended auto‐encoder (EAE) is proposed to estimate the track longitudinal irregularity through car body acceleration. The mean absolute percentage errors of the estimated results on the simulated and the real‐world dataset are 2.67% and 3.75%, respectively, which is 50%–55% lower than the traditional neural network. In the frequency domain, the characteristic wavelengths of 5.4 and 32 m can be effectively identified. Besides, the Bayesian deep learning (BDL) method is introduced to improve the EAE and estimate the confidence interval of the track longitudinal amplitude. A metric (coverage width and error) for evaluating and optimizing the performance of the estimated interval is proposed. The interval estimation result in the time domain has a 98% correct coverage rate of the ground truth and 93% in the frequency domain. Within the error range of plus/minus one standard deviation, the EAE model has an estimation accuracy of 94.2% for the standard deviation of track longitudinal irregularity, and the BDL‐EAE can even reach 100%. Compared with the existing methods, our proposed model only requires car body acceleration and has the potential to use ordinary in‐service trains for onboard track inspection.
Surgical Management for Posterior Atlantoaxial Dislocation without Fracture and Atlantoaxial Dynamic Test to Confirm the Integrity of the Transverse Ligament: A Case Report
Authors: Li Cheng , Li Lei , Li Zeqing , Mei Yunli , Huang Shuai 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundTraumatic posterior atlantoaxial dislocation (PAAD) without fracture of the odontoid process is a rare injury. Closed reduction by skull traction under C‐arm fluoroscopic guidance and open reduction have been reported previously for the treatment of PAAD.ObjectiveTo report a rare case of PAAD without fracture treated by closed manual reduction and posterior fixation. To provide a new method—atlantoaxial dynamic test—for confirming the integrity of the transverse ligament after reduction and evaluate the ideal treatment strategy for traumatic PAAD without fracture of the odontoid process or rupture of the transverse ligament.MethodA 54‐year‐old woman was riding in the passenger seat when her vehicle was rear‐ended by a car. X‐ray and computed tomography (CT) scans were used to diagnose PAAD without a related fracture. Closed manual reduction under C‐arm fluoroscopy was performed after applying general anesthesia via sober intubation, and the integrity of the transverse ligament was confirmed by the atlantoaxial dynamic test with C‐arm fluoroscopy. Then, pedicle screw internal fixation via the posterior approach was applied to maintain atlantoaxial stability.ResultsThe procedure was performed uneventfully, and the patient was able to move out of bed on the first day after surgery with Philadelphia cervical gear. During a 2‐year follow‐up period, imaging data demonstrated no instability of the atlantoaxial complex.ConclusionClosed manual reduction under C‐arm fluoroscopy is an easy and effective method for PAAD. The integrity of the transverse ligament can be confirmed by C‐arm fluoroscopy through the atlantoaxial dynamic test after reduction. Pedicle screw internal fixation via the posterior approach can provide sufficient stability.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Multilevel Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Following Circumferential Decompression via Posterior Approach: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhai Shu‐heng , Song Qing‐peng , Wei Feng , Jiang Liang , Sun Chui‐guo , Liu Xiao‐guang , Li Wei‐shi 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the postoperative progression of multilevel thoracic posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at circumferential decompression (CD) levels and evaluate the long‐term results after CD via the posterior approach.MethodsClinical data from 16 patients with thoracic myelopathy secondary to OPLL who underwent CD at a single center were evaluated retrospectively from 2007 to 2014 and were followed up for more than 60 months. Patients of all sexes and ages were included in the study. Thin‐slice computed tomography scans obtained at the time of surgery and the most recent follow‐up were analyzed. The ossified area was measured on the axial reconstructed scan of the most obvious protrusion of ossification at the CD level. The neurological outcomes were evaluated using modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and Hirabayashi recovery rates (HRRs). Continuous variables were presented as the mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using the Student's t‐test, while categorical variables were tested using Fisher's exact test.ResultsAmong all patients, the most predominant type was the mixed type (9/16, 56.3%), while the circumscribed type was only found in two patients (12.5%), and the continuous type was found in five patients (31.2%). Six cases were associated with ossification of the ligamentum flavum, and two cases were combined with cervical OPLL. The OPLL area at the CD level increased in all patients. The mean follow‐up period was 5.5 ± 0.92 years (range 5–8 years). The mean area of ossification increased from 35.63 ± 39.23 mm2 at the time of surgery to 99.94 ± 65.39 mm2 at the last follow‐up visit (P < 0.01). There was no internal fixation disorder on any computed tomography scan after the operation. The average JOA score of all patients improved from 4.2 ± 2.2 points before surgery to 8.4 ± 2.6 points at the final follow‐up (P < 0.01). The overall HRR was 61.8%. None of the patients exhibited any neurological deterioration due to OPLL progression. One patient developed a severe gait disturbance due to worsening lumbar canal stenosis, an unrelated cause, but the other 15 experienced gait disturbance improvements.ConclusionsAccording to the long‐term follow‐up results, although OPLL progression did not decrease or stop after removing the OPLL mass, CD is a safe and effective procedure that can provide adequate reserve ventral space to cope with postoperative OPLL progression.
Electrogram fractionation during sinus rhythm occurs in normal voltage atrial tissue in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Frontera Antonio , Limite Luca Rosario , Pagani Stefano , Cireddu Manuela , Vlachos Kostantinos , Martin Claire , Takigawa Masateru , Kitamura Takeshi , Bourier Felix , Cheniti Ghassen , Pambrun Thomas , Sacher Frederic , Derval Nicolas , Hocini Meleze , Quarteroni Alfio , Della Bella Paolo , Haissaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionElectrogram (EGM) fractionation is often associated with diseased atrial tissue; however, mechanisms for fractionation occurring above an established threshold of 0.5 mV have never been characterized. We sought to investigate during sinus rhythm (SR) the mechanisms underlying bipolar EGM fractionation with high‐density mapping in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsForty‐five patients undergoing AF ablation (73% paroxysmal, 27% persistent) were mapped at high density (18562 ± 2551 points) during SR (Rhythmia). Only bipolar EGMs with voltages above 0.5 mV were considered for analysis. When fractionation (> 40 ms and >4 deflections) was detected, we classified the mechanisms as slow conduction, wave‐front collision, or a pivot point. The relationship between EGM duration and amplitude, and tissue anisotropy and slow conduction, was then studied using a computational model.ResultsOf the 45 left atria analyzed, 133 sites of EGM fragmentation were identified with voltages above 0.5 mV. The most frequent mechanism (64%) was slow conduction (velocity 0.45 m/s ± 0.2) with mean EGM voltage of 1.1 ± 0.5 mV and duration of 54.9 ± 9.4 ms. Wavefront collision was the second most frequent (19%), characterized by higher voltage (1.6 ± 0.9 mV) and shorter duration (51.3 ± 11.3 ms). Pivot points (9%) were associated with the highest degree of fractionation with 70.7 ± 6.6 ms and 1.8 ± 1 mV. In 10 sites (8%) fractionation was unexplained. The EGM duration was significantly different among the 3 mechanisms (p = .0351).ConclusionIn patients with a history of AF, EGM fractionation can occur at amplitudes > 0.5 mV when in SR in areas often considered not to be diseased tissue. The main mechanism of EGM fractionation is slow conduction, followed by wavefront collision and pivot sites.
Mechanistic drivers of stem respiration: A modelling exercise across species and seasons
Authors: Salomón Roberto L. , De Roo Linus , Oleksyn Jacek , Steppe Kathy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStem respiration (RS) plays a crucial role in plant carbon budgets. However, its poor understanding limits our ability to model woody tissue and whole‐tree respiration. A biophysical model of stem water and carbon fluxes (TReSpire) was calibrated on cedar, maple and oak trees during spring and late summer. For this, stem sap flow, water potential, diameter variation, temperature, CO2 efflux, allometry and biochemistry were monitored. Shoot photosynthesis (PN) and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) were additionally measured to evaluate source−sink relations. The highest RS and stem growth was found in maple and oak during spring, both being seasonally decoupled from PN and [NSC]. Temperature largely affected maintenance respiration (RM) in the short term, but temperature‐normalized RM was highly variable on a seasonal timescale. Overall, most of the respired CO2 radially diffused to the atmosphere (>87%) while the remainder was transported upward with the transpiration stream. The modelling exercise highlights the sink‐driven behaviour of RS and the significance of overall metabolic activity on nitrogen (N) allocation patterns and N‐normalized respiratory costs to capture RS variability over the long term. These insights should be considered when modelling plant respiration, whose representation is currently biased towards a better understanding of leaf metabolism.