bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of somatosensory stimulation in social phobia—An analysis of hand coordination in patients and therapeutic dyads during psychodynamic psychotherapy
Authors: Reinecke Katharina C. H. , Neumann Niklas D. , Joraschky Peter , Lausberg Hedda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the psychotherapeutic treatment of social phobia, the hand movement behaviour exhibited during the interaction provides information about the success of the therapy. In particular, the degree of mutual somatosensory stimulation of the hands (hands moving on each other, as a unit, apart) appears to be relevant regarding the patient's mental state. To test this hypothesis, the present study investigates hand coordination in the course of psychotherapy in patients with and without symptom improvement and in the corresponding therapeutic dyads. Forty‐two videos of patient–therapist dyads consisting of 21 patients (n = 11 non‐improved; n = 10 improved; according to Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self‐assessment) from the Social Phobia Research Network project were investigated in early psychotherapy sessions and in pre‐last sessions. Hand movements of four randomised video sequences per dyad were analysed with NEUROGES®‐ELAN. Patients with non‐improved symptoms displayed shorter act apart coordination and more act on each other coordination than patients with improved symptoms. Patients displayed more act apart and act on each other and less act as a unit coordination than therapists. In therapeutic dyads, act on each other coordination in early sessions, as well as short act apart coordination, was significantly related to non‐improvement. Patients with non‐improved symptoms are characterised by more hand coordination associated with a high degree of somatosensory stimulation serving self‐regulation (act on each other), as well as short complex gestural expressions (act apart). Thus, hand coordination constitutes a progression and outcome parameter informing on somatosensory stimulation.
Identification and Reporting of Child Abuse: The Effect of an Educational Programme on the Attitude, Knowledge and Behaviours of a Sample of Iranian Nurses
Authors: Khanjari Sedigheh , Salahi Elham , Zarei Khadijeh , Ranjbar Fahimeh , Haghani Hamid , Ebrahimi Ghassemi Akhtar 
Published: September 2021

Key Practitioner MessagesIranian nurses can face difficulties in identifying and reporting suspected child abuse.Education can support Iranian nurses to identify and report suspected child abuse; learning from the government's approved Bill on the Protection of Children and Adolescents (PCA) and adhering to the PCA is therefore timely.The educational programme presented here showed promise in promoting nurses' knowledge and skills with respect to recognising and reporting child abuse in Iran.
Hydrate‐Based CO2 Capture through Nano Dry Gels + Tetrahydrofuran – A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Golkhou Fatemeh , Haghtalab Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe synergic effects of four combinations of nano dry gels plus tetrahydrofuran (THF) on the CO2 capture and hydrate phase equilibrium were investigated. It was found that the hydrate phase equilibrium condition was almost identical with the mixture of nano dry gel + THF and THF solution. The gas storage capacity and CO2 uptake rate increased significantly by THF concentration increment up to 19.06 wt % in the dry gel structure compared to a similar THF solution. The hydrate induction time decreased at higher ratios of THF. The mixture of dry gel + THF acted as a stabilizer during the hydrate dissociation process. Considering the gas storage capacity, kinetics, and thermodynamic promoting effect, a mixture including 19.06 wt % THF was favorable for hydrate‐based CO2 capture compared to the other combinations investigated in this study.
A Study in Red: The Overlooked Role of Azo‐Moieties in Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts with Strongly Extended Optical Absorption
Authors: Mitoraj Dariusz , Krivtsov Igor , Li Chunyu , Rajagopal Ashwene , Im Changbin , Adler Christiane , Köble Kerstin , Khainakova Olena , Hniopek Julian , Neumann Christof , Turchanin Andrey , da Silva Ivan , Schmitt Michael , Leiter Robert , Lehnert Tibor , Popp Jürgen , Kaiser Ute , Jacob Timo , Streb Carsten , Dietzek Benjamin , Beranek Radim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe unique optical and photoredox properties of heptazine‐based polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials make them promising semiconductors for driving various productive photocatalytic conversions. However, their typical absorption onset at ca. 430–450 nm is still far from optimum for efficient sunlight harvesting. Despite many reports of successful attempts to extend the light absorption range of PCNs, the determination of the structural features responsible for the red shift of the light absorption edge beyond 450 nm has often been obstructed by the highly disordered structure of PCNs and/or low content of the moieties responsible for changes in optical and electronic properties. In this work, we implement a high‐temperature (900 °C) treatment procedure for turning the conventional melamine‐derived yellow PCN into a red carbon nitride. This approach preserves the typical PCN structure but incorporates a new functionality that promotes visible light absorption. A detailed characterization of the prepared material reveals that partial heptazine fragmentation accompanied by de‐ammonification leads to the formation of azo‐groups in the red PCN, a chromophore moiety whose role in shifting the optical absorption edge of PCNs has been overlooked so far. These azo moieties can be activated under visible‐light (470 nm) for H2 evolution even without any additional co‐catalyst, but are also responsible for enhanced charge‐trapping and radiative recombination, as shown by spectroscopic studies.
Elemental Sulfur and Dimethyl Sulfoxide‐Promoted Oxidative Cyclization of Trifluoroacetimidohydrazides with Methylhetarenes for the Synthesis of 3‐Hetaryl‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Tang Jianhua , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2021

Main observation and conclusionA metal‐free approach for the synthesis of 3‐hetaryl‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles via sulfur/dimethyl sulfoxide‐promoted oxidative cyclization of readily available trifluoroacetimidohydrazides with methylhetarenes has been developed. This transformation proceeds in cascade sulfur‐mediated generation of thioaldehyde, condensation, intramolecular cyclization and oxidative aromatization sequence.
Prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events in Alberta, Canada: A real‐world evidence study
Authors: Chen Guanmin , Farris Megan S. , Cowling Tara , Pinto Lionel , Rogoza Raina M. , MacKinnon Erin , Champsi Salimah , Anderson Todd J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data from Canadian populations regarding the burden of ASCVD are limited. Therefore, we describe the 5‐year period prevalence of ASCVD and subsequent major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) outcomes among patients with ASCVD in Alberta, Canada.MethodsA retrospective, observational study was conducted by linking provincial health services data, vital statistics, and pharmaceutical dispenses data. Five‐year period prevalence of clinical ASCVD was captured between 2011 and 2016, and a cohort of adult patients with an initial clinical ASCVD event were identified between 2012 and 2016. One‐year incidence rates (IRs) of subsequent MACE outcomes were calculated as composite and individual measures. A subgroup of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as their index event was examined.ResultsThere were 198 573 patients (mean [standard deviation] age: 63.9 [15.6] years; 56.6% males) identified with clinical ASCVD between 2012 and 2016. Overall, the 5‐year period prevalence of ASCVD in Alberta was 89.9 per 1000 persons and the 1‐year IR for a primary MACE outcome was 6.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.03–6.26) per 100 person‐years. Among the ASCVD cohort, 9465 had an AMI as their index event and the IR for a primary MACE outcome was 14.30 (95% CI: 13.45–15.20) per 100 person‐years.ConclusionsThis study found that the prevalence of ASCVD and the rate of subsequent MACE outcomes 1 year following the initial ASCVD event are substantial, particularly among patients with an AMI. Secondary prevention strategies aimed at lowering this risk are needed for patients with ASCVD.
Health plan‐based mailed fecal testing for colorectal cancer screening among dual‐eligible Medicaid/Medicare enrollees: Outcomes of 2 program models
Authors: Baldwin Laura‐Mae , Coronado Gloria D. , West Imara I. , Schwartz Malaika R. , Meenan Richard T. , Vollmer William M. , Petrik Amanda F. , Shapiro Jean A. , Kulkarni‐Sharma Yogini R. , Green Beverly B. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundHealth insurance plans are increasingly offering mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) programs for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but few studies have compared the outcomes of different program models (eg, invitation strategies).MethodsThis study compares the outcomes of 2 health plan–based mailed FIT program models. In the first program (2016), FIT kits were mailed to all eligible enrollees; in the second program (2018), FIT kits were mailed only to enrollees who opted in after an outreach phone call. Participants in this observational study included dual‐eligible Medicaid/Medicare enrollees who were aged 50 to 75 years and were due for CRC screening (1799 in 2016 and 1906 in 2018). Six‐month FIT completion rates, implementation outcomes (eg, mailed FITs sent and reminders attempted), and program‐related health plan costs for each program are described.ResultsAll 1799 individuals in 2016 were sent an introductory letter and a FIT kit. In 2018, all 1906 were sent an introductory letter, and 1905 received at least 1 opt‐in call attempt, with 410 (21.5%) sent a FIT. The FIT completion rate was 16.2% (292 of 1799 [95% CI, 14.5%‐17.9%]) in 2016 and 14.6% (278 of 1906 [95% CI, 13.0%‐16.2%]) in 2018 (P = .36). The overall implementation costs were higher in 2016 ($40,156) than 2018 ($34,899), with the cost per completed FIT slightly higher in 2016 ($138) than 2018 ($126).ConclusionsAn opt‐in mailed FIT program achieved FIT completion rates similar to those of a program mailing to all dual‐eligible Medicaid/Medicare enrollees.Lay Summary

Health insurance plans can use different program models to successfully mail fecal test kits for colorectal cancer screening to dual‐eligible Medicaid/Medicare enrollees, with nearly 1 in 6 enrollees completing fecal testing.
Running exercise protects spinophilin‐immunoreactive puncta and neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Zhu Lin , Fan Jin‐hua , Chao Feng‐lei , Zhou Chun‐ni , Jiang Lin , Zhang Yi , Luo Yan‐min , Zhang Lei , Xiao Qian , Yang Hao , Zhang Shan‐shan , Wu Hong , Tang Yong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to be closely associated with emotional processes, decision making, and memory. Previous studies have identified the prefrontal cortex as one of the most vulnerable brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Running exercise has widely been recognized as a simple and effective method of physical activity that enhances brain function and slows the progression of AD. However, the effect of exercise on the mPFC of AD is unclear. To address these issues, we investigated the effects of 4 months of exercise on the numbers of spinophilin‐immunoreactive puncta and neurons in the mPFC of 12‐month‐old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic AD model mice using stereological methods. The spatial learning and memory abilities of mice were tested using the Morris water maze. Four months of running exercise delayed declines in spatial learning and memory abilities. The stereological results showed significantly lower numbers of spinophilin‐immunoreactive puncta and neurons in the mPFC of APP/PS1 mice than in the wild‐type control group. The numbers of spinophilin‐immunoreactive puncta and neurons in the mPFC of running APP/PS1 mice were significantly greater than those in the APP/PS1 control mice. In addition, running‐induced improvements in spatial learning and memory were significantly associated with running‐induced increases in spinophilin‐immunoreactive puncta and neurons numbers in the mPFC. Running exercise could delay the loss of spinophilin‐immunoreactive puncta and neurons in the mPFC of APP/PS1 mice. This finding might provide an important structural basis for exercise‐induced improvements in the spatial learning and memory abilities of individuals with AD.
Comparative Performance of PETase as a Function of Reaction Conditions, Substrate Properties, and Product Accumulation
Authors: Erickson Erika , Shakespeare Thomas J. , Bratti Felicia , Buss Bonnie L. , Graham Rosie , Hawkins McKenzie A. , König Gerhard , Michener William E. , Miscall Joel , Ramirez Kelsey J. , Rorrer Nicholas A. , Zahn Michael , Pickford Andrew R. , McGeehan John E. , Beckham Gregg T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is keen interest to develop new technologies to recycle the plastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). To this end, the use of PET‐hydrolyzing enzymes has shown promise for PET deconstruction to its monomers, terephthalate (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG). Here, the Ideonella sakaiensis PETase wild‐type enzyme was compared to a previously reported improved variant (W159H/S238F). The thermostability of each enzyme was compared and a 1.45 Å resolution structure of the mutant was described, highlighting changes in the substrate binding cleft compared to the wild‐type enzyme. Subsequently, the performance of the wild‐type and variant enzyme was compared as a function of temperature, substrate morphology, and reaction mixture composition. These studies showed that reaction temperature had the strongest influence on performance between the two enzymes. It was also shown that both enzymes achieved higher levels of PET conversion for substrates with moderate crystallinity relative to amorphous substrates. Finally, the impact of product accumulation on reaction progress was assessed for the hydrolysis of both PET and bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). Each enzyme displayed different inhibition profiles to mono(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET) and TPA, while both were sensitive to inhibition by EG. Overall, this study highlights the importance of reaction conditions, substrate selection, and product accumulation for catalytic performance of PET‐hydrolyzing enzymes, which have implications for enzyme screening in the development of enzyme‐based polyester recycling.
Upconversion nanoparticle‐assisted single‐molecule assay for detecting circulating antigens of aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Yinghui , Shimoni Olga , Huang Guan , Wen Shihui , Liao Jiayan , Duong Hien T. T. , Maddahfar Mahnaz , Su Qian Peter , Ortega David Gallego , Lu Yanling , Campbell Douglas H. , Walsh Bradley J. , Jin Dayong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSensitive and quantitative detection of molecular biomarkers is crucial for the early diagnosis of diseases like metabolic syndrome and cancer. Here we present a single‐molecule sandwich immunoassay by imaging the number of single nanoparticles to diagnose aggressive prostate cancer. Our assay employed the photo‐stable upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as labels to detect the four types of circulating antigens in blood circulation, including glypican‐1 (GPC‐1), leptin, osteopontin (OPN), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as their serum concentrations indicate aggressive prostate cancer. Under a wide‐field microscope, a single UCNP doped with thousands of lanthanide ions can emit sufficiently bright anti‐Stokes' luminescence to become quantitatively detectable. By counting every single streptavidin‐functionalized UCNP which specifically labeled on each sandwich immune complex across multiple fields of views, we achieved the Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.0123 ng/ml, 0.2711 ng/ml, 0.1238 ng/ml, and 0.0158 ng/ml for GPC‐1, leptin, OPN and VEGF, respectively. The serum circulating level of GPC‐1, leptin, OPN, and VEGF in a mixture of 10 healthy normal human serum was 25.17 ng/ml, 18.04 ng/ml, 11.34 ng/ml, and 1.55 ng/ml, which was within the assay dynamic detection range for each analyte. Moreover, a 20% increase of GPC‐1 and OPN was observed by spiking the normal human serum with recombinant antigens to confirm the accuracy of the assay. We observed no cross‐reactivity among the four biomarker analytes, which eliminates the false positives and enhances the detection accuracy. The developed single upconversion nanoparticle‐assisted single‐molecule assay suggests its potential in clinical usage for prostate cancer detection by monitoring tiny concentration differences in a panel of serum biomarkers.
Understanding the Alkylation Mechanism of 3‐Chloropiperidines – NMR Kinetic Studies and Isolation of Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions
Authors: Helbing Tim , Georg Mats , Stöhr Fabian , Carraro Caterina , Becker Jonathan , Gatto Barbara , Göttlich Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study describes the kinetic analysis of the 3‐chloropiperidine alkylation mechanism. These nitrogen mustard‐based compounds are expected to react via a highly electrophilic bicyclic aziridinium ion, which is readily attacked by nucleophiles. Halide abstraction using silver salts with weakly coordinating anions lead to the isolation of these proposed intermediates, whereas their structure was confirmed by single crystal XRD. Kinetic studies of the aziridinium ions also revealed notable reactivity differences of the C5 gem‐methylated compounds and their unmethylated counterparts. The observed reactivity trends were also reflected by NMR studies in aqueous solution and DNA alkylation experiments of the related 3‐chloropiperidines. Therefore, the underlying Thorpe‐Ingold effect might be considered as another option to adjust the alkylation activity of these compounds.
Highly production of dihydroxystrearic acid from catalytic epoxidation process by in situ peracid mechanism
Authors: Jalil Mohd Jumain , Azmi Intan Suhada , Hadi Abdul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEpoxidized vegetable oils are great concern as they are obtained from sustainable, and renewable natural resources. The epoxidation of palm oil‐derived oleic acid was carried out by using in situ generated performic acid to produce epoxidized palm oil‐derived oleic acid. The maximum conversion of palm oil‐derived oleic acid into oxirane was 86% by applying the in situ peracid mechanism. Based on the Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum, the hydroxyl group was observed within a wavenumber range of 1210–1320 cm−1. Last, a mathematical model was developed using Runge–Kutta method and after 100 iterations, the reaction rate parameters were obtained as follows:= 0.046 mol·L−1·min−1,= 39.058 mol·L−1·min−1,= 2.789 mol·L−1·min−1, and= 0.0235 mol·L−1·min−1for of dihydroxystearic acid production.
Lattice Boltzmann modeling of the capillary rise of non‐Newtonian power‐law fluids
Authors: Shan Fang , Du Hongyan , Chai Zhenhua , Shi Baochang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, a lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is proposed to study the capillary rise phenomena of two‐phase immiscible non‐Newtonian power‐law fluids. The main advantage of the LB model is that it not only allows us to solve the problems of two‐phase flow with a large density difference, but also can overcome the numerical instability caused by the change of relaxation time in the collision operator. In this model, two LB evolution equations are used to solve the conservative Allen–Cahn equation for capturing phase interface and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for non‐Newtonian power‐law fluid dynamics. Some benchmark examples, including a droplet spreading on a smooth wall and two‐phase power‐law fluid flows between parallel plates, are used to test present LB model, and the results show that the present model is efficient and accurate in the study of two‐phase power‐law fluid flows. Furthermore, we pay attention to the phenomena of capillary rise of non‐Newtonian fluids, and carry out a parametric study on the effects of the gravity, viscosity, contact angle, power‐law index, and displaced fluids. The results show that the factors mentioned above have some significant influences on the rising process of the absorbed fluids.
Analysis of volatility characteristics of five jujube varieties in Xinjiang Province, China, by HS‐SPME‐GC/MS and E‐nose
Authors: Liu Yuxing , Sang Yueying , Guo Jingyu , Zhang Weida , Zhang Tianyu , Wang Hai , Cheng Shaobo , Chen Guogang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC/MS) was used to identify individual volatile compounds in five jujube varieties, and E‐nose was used to identify their flavor. The results showed that a total of 45 volatile compounds were detected by GC‐MS in the five varieties, and the proportion of acids was the highest (38.29%–54.95%), followed by that of aldehydes (22.94%–47.93%) and esters (6.33%–26.61%). Moreover, different varieties had obviously different volatile components. E‐nose analysis showed that the R7 and R9 sensors were more sensitive to the aroma of jujube than other sensors. The strong response of R7 sensor was attributed to terpenes (or structurally similar substances) in jujube fruit, such as 1‐penten‐3‐one, 2‐octenal, (E)‐2‐heptanaldehyde, and (E)‐2‐hexenal and that of R9 sensor was attributed to the cyclic volatile components such as benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and methyl benzoate. The multivariate data analysis (PCA, OPLS‐DA, and HCA) of the results of GC/MS and E‐nose showed that the five varieties could be divided into three groups: (1) Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Huizao (HZ) and Z. jujuba cv. Junzao (JZ). Acids were the main volatile components for this group (accounting for 47.44% and 54.95%, respectively); (2) Z. jujuba cv. Hamidazao (HMDZ). This group had the most abundant volatile components (41), and the concentrations were also the highest (1285.43 µg/kg); (3) Winter jujube 1 (Z. jujuba cv. Dongzao, WJ1) and Winter jujube 2 (Z. jujuba cv. Dongzao, WJ2). The proportion of acids (38.38% and 38.29%) and aldehydes (40.35% and 38.19%) were similar in the two varieties. Therefore, the combination of headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and E‐nose could quickly and accurately identify the volatile components in jujube varieties from macro‐ and microperspectives. This study can provide guidance for the evaluation and distinguishing of jujube varieties and jujube cultivation and processing.