bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Development on Controlled Synthesis of Mn‐Based Nanostructures for Bioimaging and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ruan Juan , Qian Haisheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractManganese‐based nanomaterials have emerged as potential and important nanomedicine for bioimaging and cancer treatment due to their excellent electronic structure and intrinsic physiochemical property and sensitivity to tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, the recent progress on the synthesis and applications of various manganese oxides, sulfides with well‐controlled size, morphologies, chemical composition, and nanostructures have been summarized. Numerous samples have been chosen as examples to demonstrate the as‐designed Mn‐based nanostructures for their specifically responded to the TME to produce highly toxic reactive oxygen species via Fenton‐like reactions. Some advanced nanotechnology has been widely used to enhance their therapeutic performance on the cancer treatment under external physical field for multimodal imaging and cancer therapy including chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, radiation therapy, starving therapy, and gas therapy. Perspectives have been presented to demonstrate in this cutting‐edge research area.
Chemically Engineered Immune Cell‐Derived Microrobots and Biomimetic Nanoparticles: Emerging Biodiagnostic and Therapeutic Tools
Authors: Jahromi Leila Pourtalebi , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Maleki Aziz , Azadi Amir , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, considerable attention has been dedicated to the exploitation of diverse immune cells as therapeutic and/or diagnostic cell‐based microrobots for hard‐to‐treat disorders. To date, a plethora of therapeutics based on alive immune cells, surface‐engineered immune cells, immunocytes’ cell membranes, leukocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and artificial immune cells have been investigated and a few have been introduced into the market. These systems take advantage of the unique characteristics and functions of immune cells, including their presence in circulating blood and various tissues, complex crosstalk properties, high affinity to different self and foreign markers, unique potential of their on‐demand navigation and activity, production of a variety of chemokines/cytokines, as well as being cytotoxic in particular conditions. Here, the latest progress in the development of engineered therapeutics and diagnostics inspired by immune cells to ameliorate cancer, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular complications, and infectious diseases is reviewed, and finally, the perspective for their clinical application is delineated.
Over 14% Efficiency Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Reasonable Conformation Modulating in Naphtho[2,3‐b:6,7‐b′]difuran Based Polymer
Authors: Zheng Bing , Qi Feng , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ming , Gao Panfeng , Liu Feng , Li Tianchen , Wei Donghui , Wan Meixiu , Chen Guangming , Huo Lijun , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs one kind of abundant product from renewable resources, furan and its fused‐ring derivatives, have provoked great interest in the context of developing efficient photovoltaic materials. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of furan‐based photovoltaic materials has lagged behind its thiophene counterparts. In this work, in consideration of the ordered π–π stacking via extending conjugation to further improve the charge mobility, a novel furan fused‐ring derivative of naphtho[2,3‐b:6,7‐b′]difuran (NDF) based copolymer of NDF‐3T is designed and synthesized. Because of its favorable linear molecular conformation, the NDF‐3T possesses a high crystallinity, as well as ordered and dense π–π stacking. Subsequently, the NDF‐3T‐based device exhibits an efficient PCE of 14.21%, which is higher than that of the analogue naphthodithiophene (NDT) counterpart (10.86%). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the PCE is also the best record in furan‐based photovoltaic materials. More importantly, the development of line NDF shows great potential in construing highly efficient photovoltaic materials and can be referenced to other furan fused‐ring structures.
Rethinking the Design of Ionic Conductors Using Meyer–Neldel–Conductivity Plot
Authors: Gao Yirong , Li Nana , Wu Yifan , Yang Wenge , Bo Shou‐Hang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFrom the discovery of the first fast ionic conductor silver iodide in the early 20th century to the recent discovery of lithium fast ionic conductors with ionic conductivities surpassing those of liquid electrolytes, high ionic conductivity σ has often been associated with low activation energy Ea following the Arrhenius equation. However, the Meyer–Neldel rule (MNR) indicates that the Ea and prefactor σ0 are correlated, suggesting the relation between the Ea and σ is, in fact, complex. In this perspective, the use of the Meyer–Neldel–conductivity plot and a critical descriptor, Meyer–Neldel energy Δ0, to guide the search for fast ionic conductors is proposed. Reported lithium, sodium, and magnesium ionic conductors are categorized into three types, depending on the relative magnitude between the Δ0 and thermal energy (kBT) at the application temperature. The process by which σ can be optimized by tuning Ea for these types of ionic conductors is elaborated. This principle can be widely applied to all ionic conductors that obey the MNR at any application temperature. Furthermore, a pressure‐tuning approach to measure the Δ0 rapidly is developed. These findings establish a previously missing step for designing new ionic conductors with improved ionic conductivity.
Adding a Visual Communication Tool to the Electronic Health Record to Prevent Pressure Injuries
Authors: Bouyer-Ferullo Sharon , O’Connor Charlene , Kinnealey Ellen , Wrigley Pamela , Osgood Patrice M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTHealth care organizations no longer receive reimbursement for stage 3, stage 4, and unstageable hospital‐acquired pressure injuries, which are never events that require interdisciplinary collaboration to treat and prevent. Perioperative patients are at risk for developing pressure injuries that may not manifest until five or more days after surgery. This quality improvement project aimed to inform inpatient nursing and health care professionals of the potential areas of skin breakdown after surgery using an annotated image (AI) depicting intraoperative patient positioning. To gauge OR nurses’ use of the AI, we tracked image addition to the patient records weekly from May 2018 to May 2019 and found an overall average participation rate of 80% to 90%. Adding the AI of surgical positioning and pressure points raised awareness of the potential for skin breakdown and became a valuable communication tool for the inpatient nurses who were providing postoperative care to prevent pressure injuries.
Molecular Signatures of Kidney Antibody–Secreting Cells in Lupus Patients With Active Nephritis Upon Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Crickx Etienne , Tamirou Farah , Huscenot Tessa , Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Rabant Marion , Karras Alexandre , Robbins Ailsa , Fadeev Tatiana , Le Guern Véronique , Remy Philippe , Hummel Aurélie , Aydin Selda , Lauwerys Bernard , Weill Jean‐Claude , Reynaud Claude‐Agnès , Houssiau Frédéric , Mahévas Matthieu 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize kidney and urine antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) from patients with active lupus nephritis, before and after induction therapy.MethodsWe included patients with biopsy‐proven active lupus nephritis and performed anti‐CD138 staining of kidney biopsy samples to visualize ASCs. We performed single‐cell gene expression profiling on sorted ASCs from fresh biopsy samples using multiplex reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. We used a gene set that allowed for the study of ASC maturation from plasmablasts to long‐lived plasma cells. We quantified urine ASCs from untreated patients with lupus nephritis at diagnosis and after 6 months of prospective follow‐up during induction therapy.ResultsThe number of kidney CD138+ ASCs in 46 untreated patients with lupus nephritis was correlated with a low estimated glomerular filtration rate and with tubulointerstitial damage. Most kidney ASCs from 3 untreated patients had a plasmablast molecular signature; in contrast, in 4 patients with refractory lupus nephritis, the kidney ASCs were mainly long‐lived plasma cells, representing an ASC transcriptional profile similar to that in the bone marrow of 2 healthy donors. Some urine ASCs with a plasmablast signature were detected in patients with untreated active lupus nephritis. The presence of urine ASCs at 6 months was associated with treatment failure.ConclusionOur results suggest potential for ASC‐directed therapy in refractory lupus nephritis.
Nachrechnung und Instandsetzung bestehender Dreigurtschütze an der Weser
Authors: Huber Kai , Drenkard Hannah , Braun Norman , Schäfers Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDas Landschaftsbild an vielen Gewässern wird durch teils beachtliche Bauwerke des Wasserbaus geprägt. Sie dienen u. a. der Ermöglichung und Aufrechterhaltung der Schifffahrt sowie dem Hochwasserschutz. Ein sicherer Betrieb derer ist daher unerlässlich. Viele Bauwerke sind jedoch bereits am Ende ihrer Nutzungsdauer angekommen und bedürfen besonderer Beachtung. Die Bewertung, Nachrechnung und evtl. Instandsetzung alter Stahlwasserbaukonstruktionen bietet hierbei spannende Aspekte und Besonderheiten, die zu berücksichtigen sind.
Critical regulatory levels in tumor differentiation: Signaling pathways, epigenetics and non‐coding transcripts
Authors: Zolghadr Fatemeh , Bakhshinejad Babak , Davuchbabny Sapir , Sarrafpour Babak , Seyedasli Naisana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApproaches to induce tumor differentiation often result in manageable and therapy‐naïve cellular states in cancer cells. This transformation is achieved by activating pathways that drive tumor cells away from plasticity, a state that commonly correlates with enhanced aggression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Here, we discuss signaling pathways, epigenetics and non‐coding RNAs as three main regulatory levels with the potential to drive tumor differentiation and hence as potential targets in differentiation therapy approaches. The success of an effective therapeutic regimen in one cancer, however, does not necessarily sustain across cancer types; a phenomenon largely resulting from heterogeneity in the genetic and physiological landscapes of tumor types necessitating an approach designed for each cancer's unique genetic and phenotypic build‐up.
The role of chronotype and reward processing in understanding social hierarchies in adolescence
Authors: Lunn Judith , Wilcockson Thomas , Donovan Tim , Dondelinger Frank , Perez Algorta Guillermo , Monaghan Padraic 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionCircadian rhythms shift toward an evening preference during adolescence, a developmental period marked by greater focus on the social domain and salience of social hierarchies. The circadian system influences maturation of cognitive architecture responsible for motivation and reward, and observation of responses to reward cues has provided insights into neurocognitive processes that underpin adolescent social development. The objective was to investigate whether circadian phase of entrainment (chronotype) predicted both reward‐related response inhibition and social status, and to explore whether mediator and moderator relationships existed between chronotype, reward processing, and social status outcomes.MethodsParticipants were 75 adolescents aged 13–14 years old (41 females) who completed an eye tracking paradigm that involved an inhibitory control task (antisaccade task) within a nonsocial reward (Card Guessing Game) and a social reward (Cyberball Game) context. Chronotype was calculated from weekend midsleep and grouped into early, intermediate, and later terciles. Participants indicated subjective social status compared with peers in seven domains.ResultsAn intermediate and later chronotype predicted improved inhibitory control in the social versus nonsocial reward context. Chronotype also predicted higher perceived social status in two domains (powerful, troublemaker). Intermediate chronotypes reported higher “Powerful” status whereas later chronotypes were higher on “Troublemaker.” Improved social reward‐related performance predicted only the higher powerful scores and chronotype moderated this relationship. Improved inhibitory control to social reward predicted higher subjective social status in the intermediate and later chronotype group, an effect that was absent in the early group.ConclusionThis behavioral study found evidence that changes toward a later phase of entrainment predicts social facilitation effects on inhibitory control and higher perceived power among peers. It is proposed here that circadian delayed phase in adolescence is linked to approach‐related motivation, and the social facilitation effects could reflect a social cognitive capacity involved in the drive to achieve social rank.
New Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Illicium majus and Their Radical Scavenging Activities
Authors: Li Fang , Yan Ting‐Ting , Fu Ying‐Ying , Zhang Nen‐Ling , Wang Lei , Zhang Yan‐Bing , Du Juan , Liu Ji‐Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the branch and leaves of Illicium majus resulted in the isolation of four new phenylpropanoid glycosides (1–4) and one new phenolic glycoside (9), along with 13 known ones. Spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the structures of the new isolates such as 3‐[(2R,3S)‐7‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐5‐yl]propyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), [(2R,3S)‐7‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐5‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐3‐yl]methyl 2‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), [(2R,3S)‐7‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐5‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐3‐yl]methyl 2‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside (3), 3‐[(2R,3S)‐3‐({[2‐O‐(4‐O‐acetyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl]oxy}methyl)‐7‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐5‐yl]propyl acetate (4), and 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)phenyl 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (9). Free radical scavenging activities of the isolates were elucidated through the DPPH assay method. The most active compounds, 1‐O‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranose (17) and soulieana acid 1 (18), exhibited moderate radical scavenging activities (IC50=37.7±4.4 μM and IC50=97.2±3.4 μM, respectively). The antibacterial activities of the isolates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also assessed, and no activity was shown at the measured concentration (<32 μg/mL).
In Situ Raman Study of Potential‐Dependent Surface Adsorbed Carbonate, CO, OH, and C Species on Cu Electrodes During Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Moradzaman Mozhgan , Mul Guido 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing in situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and 13C/12C and D2O/H2O isotopic labeling for assignment, we show potential dependent transients in surface composition of Cu‐catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO2 in carbonate solution. First, reduction of Cu(I)oxide is accompanied by adsorption of predominantly monodentate carbonate at ∼1067 cm−1 starting in the potential range from [+0.2 V→−0.2 V]. Contrary to recently advocated hypotheses, and based on the significant presence at anodic potential, a band in this potential range at ∼1540 cm−1 can be assigned to bidentate carbonate. As expected, appearance of surface CO was observed in the range of [−0.4 V→−1.0 V], clearly identified by the Cu−CO vibration at 360 cm−1. Most importantly, at the more negative end of this potential range, we identified the formation of surface OH, and for the first time a surface Cu−C species, showing Raman bands at ∼525 cm−1 (Cu−OH) and ∼500 cm−1 (Cu−C), respectively. In the potential range of [−1.0 V→−1.4 V], surface CO disappears, while the Cu−OH and Cu−C species are persistent. Interestingly positive polarization at >0.1 V removes these species and restores the surface to Cu(I)oxide, rendering the surface processes completely reversible. Implications of this study for mechanistic understanding of electrode deactivation and practical operation are discussed.
Filling The Gap in The Metallacrown Family: The 9‐MC‐3 Chromium Metallacrown
Authors: Lüpke Anne , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Eva Rentschler at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. The image depicts a puzzle that represents the metallacrown family with the gap for the chromium metallacrown complex. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202004947.
Synthesis and Initial Characterization of a Selective, Pseudo‐irreversible Inhibitor of Human Butyrylcholinesterase as PET Tracer
Authors: Gentzsch Christian , Hoffmann Matthias , Ohshima Yasuhiro , Nose Naoko , Chen Xinyu , Higuchi Takahiro , Decker Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) represents a promising target for imaging probes to potentially enable early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to monitor disease progression in some forms of cancer. In this study, we present the design, facile synthesis, in vitro and preliminary ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of a morpholine‐based, selective inhibitor of human BChE as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer with a pseudo‐irreversible binding mode. We demonstrate a novel protecting group strategy for 18F radiolabeling of carbamate precursors and show that the inhibitory potency as well as kinetic properties of our unlabeled reference compound were retained in comparison to the parent compound. In particular, the prolonged duration of enzyme inhibition of such a morpholinocarbamate motivated us to design a PET tracer, possibly enabling a precise mapping of BChE distribution.
Benzimidazoles in Drug Discovery: A Patent Review
Authors: Law Christine S. W. , Yeong Keng Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBenzimidazole is a heterocyclic ring system that has been widely studied in the pharmaceutical field. For the past decade, numerous benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their wide range of pharmacological activities, which are beneficial for drug development. This article presents the biological effects of benzimidazole derivatives in each invention from 2015 to 2020. Two patent databases, Google Patents and Lens, were used to locate relevant granted patent applications. Specifically, this review delineates the role of patented benzimidazoles from a disease‐centric perspective and examines the mechanisms of action of these compounds in related diseases. Most of the benzimidazoles have shown good activities against various target proteins. Whilst several of them have progressed into clinical trials, most patents presented novel therapeutic approaches for respective target diseases. Hence, their potential in being developed into clinical drugs are also discussed.
In situ X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Platinum Electrocatalysts
Authors: Morris David J. , Zhang Peng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlatinum nanocatalysts have shown high performance in a wide variety of electrocatalytic reactions, making them the focus of many studies. High quality characterization results are vital for the proper understanding of a catalyst's structure and properties, allowing for further discoveries to be made. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is a powerful characterization tool, permitting both the local structure and electronic properties to be determined for a sample of interest. This can be taken further by collecting in situ measurements, which offer the unique advantage of characterization results collected in real‐time while the catalytic reaction is taking place. This review summarizes recent studies which utilized in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize platinum nanocatalysts, highlighting the important structural parameters and electronic properties determined under the real catalytic reaction conditions. Specific examples of catalysts for use in the oxygen reduction reaction, chlorine evolution reaction, and carbon monoxide oxidation are discussed in detail. Future prospects for work in this field are also highlighted and discussed.
Pharmacokinetic Interaction Among Ezetimibe, Rosuvastatin, and Telmisartan
Authors: Huh Ki Young , Lee Sang Won , Lee Si Beum , Kim Kyung Tae , Jang In‐Jin , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions among rosuvastatin, ezetimibe, and telmisartan, a randomized, open‐label, 3‐period, 6‐sequence crossover study was conducted in healthy subjects. Subjects received one of the following treatments once daily for 7 days in each period with a 1‐week washout: a fixed‐dose combination of ezetimibe/rosuvastatin 10/20 mg, telmisartan 80 mg, combination therapy of ezetimibe/rosuvastatin 10/20 mg, or telmisartan 80 mg. Blood samples were collected up to 24 hours postdose at steady state. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and their 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the combination therapy to monotherapy for the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax,ss), and the area under the time‐concentration curve within a dosing interval at steady state (AUCtau,ss) were estimated. Among the 36 randomized subjects, 31 subjects completed the study. The GMRs and 90%CIs of Cmax,ss and AUCtau,ss of total ezetimibe were not significantly altered. The Cmax,ss of free ezetimibe was increased (GMR, 1.85; 90%CI, 1.56–2.19) but not for the AUCtau,ss (GMR, 1.16; 90%CI, 1.06–1.26). Similarly, the Cmax,ss of rosuvastatin was increased (GMR, 2.13; 90%CI, 1.88–2.43) without a change in the AUCtau,ss (GMR, 1.09; 90%CI, 1.03–1.15). The Cmax,ss (GMR, 1.16; 90%CI, 1.01–1.32) and AUCtau,ss (GMR, 1.26; 90%CI, 1.17–1.37) of telmisartan were slightly increased. Considering the therapeutic range of the components, the interaction would have limited clinical impact.