bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evoked potentials as biomarkers of hereditary spastic paraplegias: A case-control study
Authors: Brighente Samanta Ferraresi , Vicuña Paul , Rodrigues Louzada Ana Luiza , Giordani Gabriela Marchisio , Fussiger Helena , dos Santos Marco Antonnio Rocha , Cubillos-Arcila Diana Maria , Winckler Pablo Brea , Saute Jonas Alex Morales 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
The Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) are a group of genetic diseases that lead to slow deterioration of locomotion. Clinical scales seem to have low sensitivity in detecting disease progression, making the search for additional biomarkers a paramount task. This study aims to evaluate the role of evoked potentials (EPs) as disease biomarkers of HSPs.

Methods
A single center cross-sectional case-control study was performed, in which 18 individuals with genetic diagnosis of HSP and 21 healthy controls were evaluated. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) obtained with transcranial magnetic stimulation and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were performed in lower (LL) and upper limbs (UL).

Results
Central motor conduction time in lower limbs (CMCT-LL) was prolonged in HSP subjects, with marked reductions in MEP-LL amplitudes when compared to the control group (p<0.001 for both comparisons). CMCT-UL was 3.59ms (95% CI: 0.73 to 6.46; p = 0.015) prolonged and MEP-UL amplitudes were reduced (p = 0.008) in the HSP group. SSEP-LL latencies were prolonged in HSP subjects when compared to controls (p<0.001), with no statistically significant differences for upper limbs (p = 0.147). SSEP-UL and SSEP-LL latencies presented moderate to strong correlations with age at onset (Rho = 0.613, p = 0.012) and disease duration (Rho = 0.835, p<0.001), respectively. Similar results were obtained for the SPG4 subgroups of patients.

Conclusion
Motor and somatosensory evoked potentials can adequately differentiate HSP individuals from controls. MEP were severely affected in HSP subjects and SSEP-LL latencies were prolonged, with longer latencies being related to more severe disease. Future longitudinal studies should address if SSEP is a sensitive disease progression biomarker for HSP.
Bacterial variation in the oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Zangeneh Zahra , Abdi-Ali Ahya , Khamooshian Kianoosh , Alvandi Amirhoushang , Abiri Ramin 
Published: November 2021

Background
Microorganisms in oral cavity are called oral microbiota, while microbiome consists of total genome content of microorganisms in a host. Interaction between host and microorganisms is important in nervous system development and nervous diseases such as Autism, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Bacterial infections, as an environmental factor in MS pathogenesis play role in T helper 17(Th17) increase and it enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interlukin-21(IL-21), IL-17 and IL -22. Oral microbiota consists diverse populations of cultivable and uncultivable bacterial species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is an acceptable method for identification of uncultivable bacteria. In this study, we compared the bacterial population diversity in the oral cavity between MS and healthy people.

Methods
From October to March 2019, samples were taken at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences’ MS patients center. A total of 30 samples were taken from MS patients and another 30 samples were taken from healthy people. Phenotypic tests were used to identify bacteria after pure cultures were obtained. DNA was extracted from 1 mL of saliva, and PCR products produced with primers were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels.

Results
The genera Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium and uncultivable bacteria with accession number MW880919-25, JQ477416.1, KF074888.1 and several other un-culturable strains were significantly more abundant in the MS group while Lactobacillus and Peptostreptococcus were more prevalent in the normal healthy group according to logistic regression method.

Conclusion
Oral micro-organisms may alleviate or exacerbate inflammatory condition which impact MS disease pathogenesis. It may be assumed that controlling oral infections may result in reduction of MS disease progression.
The risk of iatrogenic radial nerve and/or profunda brachii artery injury in anterolateral humeral plating using a 4.5 mm narrow DCP: A cadaveric study
Authors: Chuaychoosakoon Chaiwat , Chirattikalwong Supatat , Wuttimanop Watit , Boonriong Tanarat , Parinyakhup Wachiraphan , Suwannaphisit Sitthiphong 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Fixation of humeral shaft fractures with a plate and screws can endanger the neurovascular structure if proper care is not taken. No studies to our knowledge have studied the risk of iatrogenic radial nerve and/or profunda brachii artery (RNPBA) injury from each screw hole of a 4.5 mm narrow dynamic compression plate (narrow DCP). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of RNPBA injury in anterolateral humeral plating with a 4.5 mm narrow DCP.

Material and methods
18 humeri of 9 fresh-frozen cadavers in the supine position were exposed via the anterolateral approach with 45 degrees of arm abduction. A hypothetical fracture line was marked at the midpoint of each humerus. A precontoured ten-hole 4.5mm narrow DCP was applied to the anterolateral surface of the humerus using the fracture line to position the center of the plate. All screw holes were drilled and screws inserted. The cadaver was then turned over to the prone position with 45 degrees of arm abduction, and the RNPBA exposed. The holes through in which 100% of the screw had contact with or penetrated the RNPBA were identified as dangerous screw holes, while lesser percentages of contact were defined as risky.

Results
The relative distance ratios of the entire humeral length from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the 4th, 3rd, 2nd and 1st proximal holes were 0.64, 0.60, 0.56 and 0.52, respectively. The most dangerous screw hole was the 2nd proximal, in which all 18 screws had contacted or penetrated the nerve, followed by the risky 1st (12/18), 3rd (8/18) and 4th (2/18) holes.

Conclusion
In humeral shaft plating with the 4.5mm narrow DCP using the anterolateral approach, the 2nd proximal screw hole carries the highest risk of iatrogenic radial nerve and/or profunda brachii artery injury.
Hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis: Response to continuous insulin infusion
Authors: Pulipati Vishnu Priya , Amblee Ambika , Yap Sara Elizabeth T. , Shaka Hafeez , Tahsin Bettina , Fogelfeld Leon 
Published: November 2021

Objective
To assess the response of serum triglycerides (TG) to continuous insulin infusion (CII) in adults with hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HTGP).

Methods
Retrospective analysis of TG response to standardized CII therapy in 77 adults admitted to intensive care with TG >1000 mg/dL and HTGP.

Results
Participants had initial TG 3869.0 [2713.5, 5443.5] mg/dL and were 39.3 ± 9.7 years old, 66.2% males, 58.4% Hispanic, BMI 30.2 [27.0, 34.8] kg/m2, 74.0% with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 50.6% with excess alcohol use. TG-goal, defined as ≤1,000 ± 100 mg/dL, was achieved in 95%. Among the 73 TG-goal achievers (responders), 53.4% reached TG-goal in <36 hours after CII initiation (rapid responders). When compared to slow responders taking≥36 hours, rapid responders had lower initial TG (2862.0 [1965.0, 4519.0] vs 4814.5 [3368.8, 6900.0] mg/dL), BMI (29.4 [25.9, 32.8] vs 31.9 [28.2, 38.3] kg/m2), DM prevalence (56.4 vs 94.1%), and reached TG-50% (half of respective initial TG) faster (12.0 [6.0, 17.0] vs 18.5 [13.0, 32.8] hours). Those with DM (n = 57) vs non-DM (n = 20) were obese (31.4 [28.0, 35.6] vs 27.8 [23.6, 30.3] kg/m2), took longer to reach TG-final (41.0 [25.0, 60.5] vs 14.5 [12.5, 25.5] hours) and used more daily insulin (1.7 [1.3, 2.1] vs 1.1 [0.5, 1.9] U/kg/day). Among those with DM, the rapid responders had higher daily use of insulin vs slow responders 1.9 [1.4, 2.3] vs 1.6 [1.1, 1.8] U/kg/day. All results significant. In multivariable analysis, predictors of faster TG response were absence of DM, lower BMI and initial TG.

Conclusion
CII was effective in reaching TG-goal in 95% of patients with HTGP. Half achieved TG-goal within 36 hours. Presence of DM, higher BMI and initial TG slowed the time to reach TG-goal. These baseline parameters and rate of decline to TG-50% may be real-time indicators to initiate and adjust the CII for quicker response.
The role of sigmoid colon anatomic dimensions in the development of sigmoid volvulus, North-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Bayeh Agegnehu Berie , Abegaz Belta Asnakew 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Sigmoid colon anatomic dimensions have been studied to have roles in the occurrence of sigmoid volvulus; however, these studies are few in number and failed to control the confounding effect of acute sigmoid obstruction on the anatomic dimensions. The main objective of this study was to assess the role of sigmoid colon anatomic dimensions in the development of sigmoid volvulus controlling the effect of acute sigmoid obstruction on the anatomic dimensions.

Materials and methods
The study was carried out from Dec, 2019 to April, 2021 at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital and Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, two referral hospitals in Bahir Dar city, North-Western Ethiopia to compare sigmoid anatomic dimensions among three independent groups of participants: patients with no history of sigmoid volvulus (I), those for whom elective surgery was done after non-surgical detorsion of sigmoid volvulus (II), and patients for whom emergency surgery was done for sigmoid volvulus (III). The anatomic dimensions were compared using fixed effects one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test at p-value ≤ .05 (two-sided) and Tukey method or Dunn-Bonferroni’s test was used for post-hoc comparisons.

Results
A total of 66 consecutive eligible patients (22 for each of the three groups) were included and analyzed in the study. The means of anatomic dimensions (in cm) for groups (I, II, III) were: sigmoid colon length-SCL (35.91, 71.07, 80.86), meso-sigmoid height-MSH (17.11, 26.52, 28.86), meso-sigmoid maximal width-MSMW (9.70, 14.89,16.80), and meso-sigmoid root width-MSRW (8.34, 7.48, 8.11). SCL, MSH, MSMW, MSH/MSRW, and MSMW/MSRW were found to be statistically significantly different in patients with sigmoid volvulus. MSRW and MSH/MSMW were not different between the study groups.

Conclusion
A long sigmoid colon with long and wide mesentery, but with a constant base is highly likely to predispose individuals to sigmoid volvulus.
Dimension estimates for the boundary of planar Sobolev extension domains
Authors: Lučić Danka , Rajala Tapio , Takanen Jyrki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We prove an asymptotically sharp dimension upper-bound for the boundary of bounded simply-connected planar Sobolev

W

1
,
p

{W^{1,p}}

-extension domains via the weak mean porosity of the boundary. The sharpness of our estimate is shown by examples.
English medium of instruction in Chinese higher education: a systematic mapping review of empirical research
Authors: Jablonkai Reka R. , Hou Jie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In 2001, the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China issued guidelines to promote the quality of higher education and to advocate the expansion of the use of English (Ministry of Education (MoE). 2001. Guanyu jiaqiang gaodeng xuexiao benke jiaoxue gongzuo tigao jiaoxue zhiliang de ruogan yijian [Guidelines for Improving the Quality of Undergraduate Teaching at Higher Education Institutions]. Available at: http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfifiles/business/htmlfifiles/moe/moe_309/200412/4682.html). This paper reviews empirical studies in English and Chinese on EMI in Chinese higher education published from 2001 to 2019, during the last two decades since these guidelines were released. The review contributes to the field of EMI by documenting, analysing and synthesising empirical evidence and by situating EMI studies in China in the global trends of EMI research. The review aims to give an overview of studies targeted at both global and local audiences, therefore, publications in both English and Chinese were included. To select the Chinese articles the core journals indexed by CNKI were searched, and for the English articles, we used ERIC, IBSS, SCOPUS and WOS databases. After excluding theoretically oriented studies, literature reviews and commentaries, 42 articles remained. The in-depth analysis revealed that the main topics of these studies included the student perception, implementation and educational practices, and the role of language. We conclude that in general there are insufficient empirical studies, especially about EMI teachers’ perspectives to inform policies and practices at the micro, meso and macro level. Based on the findings, directions for further research are identified and recommendations for methodological approaches for future studies are also made.
Identification of Matrix Diffusion Coefficient in a Parabolic PDE
Authors: Mondal Subhankar , Nair M. Thamban 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An inverse problem of identifying the diffusion coefficient in matrix form in a parabolic PDE is considered.
Following the idea of natural linearization, considered by Cao and Pereverzev (2006), the nonlinear inverse problem is transformed into a problem of solving an operator equation where the operator involved is linear.
Solving the linear operator equation turns out to be an ill-posed problem.
The method of Tikhonov regularization is employed for obtaining stable approximations and its finite-dimensional analysis is done based on the Galerkin method, for which an orthogonal projection on the space of matrices with entries from

L
2

⁢

(
Ω
)

L^{2}(\Omega)

is defined.
Since the error estimates in Tikhonov regularization method rely heavily on the adjoint operator, an explicit representation of adjoint of the linear operator involved is obtained.
For choosing the regularizing parameter, the adaptive technique is employed in order to obtain order optimal rate of convergence.
For the relaxed noisy data, we describe a procedure for obtaining a smoothed version so as to obtain the error estimates.
Numerical experiments are carried out for a few illustrative examples.
Newton polygons for L-functions of generalized Kloosterman sums
Authors: Wang Chunlin , Yang Liping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, we study the Newton polygons for the L-functions of n-variable generalized Kloosterman sums.
Generally, the Newton polygon has a topological lower bound, called the Hodge polygon.
In order to determine the Hodge polygon, we explicitly construct a basis of the top-dimensional Dwork cohomology.
Using Wan’s decomposition theorem and diagonal local theory, we obtain when the Newton polygon coincides with the Hodge polygon. In particular, we concretely get the slope sequence for the L-function of

F
¯

⁢

(

λ
¯

,
x
)

:=

∑

i
=
1

n

x
i

a
i

+

λ
¯

⁢

∏

i
=
1

n

x
i

-
1

,

\bar{F}(\bar{\lambda},x):=\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^{a_{i}}+\bar{\lambda}\prod_{i=1}%
^{n}x_{i}^{-1},

with

a
1

,
…
,

a
n

{a_{1},\ldots,a_{n}}

being pairwise coprime for

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

.
A new self adaptive Tseng’s extragradient method with double-projection for solving pseudomonotone variational inequality problems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Xie Zhongbing , Cai Gang , Li Xiaoxiao , Dong Qiao-Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study a new Tseng’s extragradient method with two different stepsize rules for solving pseudomonotone variational inequalities in real Hilbert spaces. We prove a strong convergence theorem of the proposed algorithm under some suitable conditions imposed on the parameters. Moreover, we also give some numerical experiments to demonstrate the performance of our algorithm.
“It Can’t Happen Here”: Howard Brenton’s The Churchill Play
Authors: Saunders Judith 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article proposes revisiting Howard Brenton’s The Churchill Play (1974). I contend that the play offers pertinent insights into how authoritarian governments come into being through the implicit cooperation of people who, wittingly or unwittingly, enter into a “conspiracy of obedience.” Although inspired by political issues that were current in Britain in the 1970 s and 1980 s, the play’s illustration of the fragility of democracy resonates with today’s political atmosphere, especially that experienced in the United States. By anchoring my argument to the theories of Bertolt Brecht, I aim to clarify Brenton’s intent and encourage a more parabolic reading of the play – perceiving totalitarianism not as the usurpation of power by a single individual or group, but as the consequence of people’s complacent and self-serving tendencies to comply with the status quo.
The association between a metabolically healthy overweight/obesity phenotype and markers of inflammation among Chinese children and adolescents aged 10–18 years
Authors: Zhou Jinyu , Bai Ling , Dong Yangyang , Cai Rongrong , Ding Wenqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The association between metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) and inflammatory markers remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of different metabolic phenotypes and to examine the relationship of different metabolic phenotypes with inflammatory markers among Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods
The study included 1,125 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years using a cross-sectional survey, and all subjects were classified into four groups based on a combination of BMI and metabolic status. In addition, the inflammatory markers we measured were high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Results
The prevalence of metabolically healthy with normal-weight (MHNW), MHO, metabolically unhealthy with normal-weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotypes was 38.76, 7.11, 38.67 and 15.47%, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the MHO was associated with the z scores of hs-CRP in Chinese children and adolescents (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.39–0.83). Meanwhile, multivariate adjusted regression analysis showed that the relationship between hs-CRP and MHO among the overweight/obese was consistent with the results above, but among the normal-weight, only the highest quartile of TNF-α could increase the risk of MUNW (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.09–2.52).

Conclusions
MHO phenotypes were not common in Chinese children and adolescents. Individuals with MHO had a more beneficial hs-CRP profile than those with MUO.
Q: What is Tort? A: Categorical Hurt
Authors: Bernstein Anita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The capacious and hard-to-confine term Tort challenges observers to identify what it includes and does not include. Offered here to describe tort, the label “categorical hurt” makes reference to two foundational characteristics. “Hurt,” the noun in this phrase, insists that tort plaintiffs bring to court their experience of suffering. Its adjective, used in this article to echo the word Immanuel Kant chose to modify a different noun, “imperative,” means that tort courts hear claims of general rather than exclusively personal interest. To earn a tort remedy, the suffering reported by a hurt plaintiff must be of a kind that other people can experience and understand.
circATP2A2 promotes osteosarcoma progression by upregulating MYH9
Authors: Cao Xin , Meng Xianfeng , Fu Peng , Wu Lin , Yang Zhen , Chen Huijin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly metastatic primary malignant tumor. CircRNA hsa_circ_0028173 (circATP2A2) has been uncovered to be related to the advancement of OS. However, the biological role of circATP2A2 in OS has not been validated. circATP2A2 and MYH9 were upregulated while miR-335-5p was downregulated in OS. OS patients with high circATP2A2 expression displayed a shorter overall survival and the area under curve of circATP2A2 was 0.77, manifesting that circATP2A2 might be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. circATP2A2 silencing repressed OS cell proliferation and glycolysis in vivo and constrained OS cell proliferation, glycolysis, migration, and invasion in vitro. circATP2A2 regulated MYH9 expression through sponging miR-335-5p. MiR-335-5p inhibitor reversed the repressive effect of circATP2A2 knockdown on OS cell malignancy and glycolysis. MYH9 overexpression overturned miR-335-5p upregulation-mediated OS cell malignancy and glycolysis. circATP2A2 accelerated OS cell malignancy and glycolysis through upregulating MYH9 via sponging miR-335-5p, offering a promising target for OS treatment.
On-chip nanophotonic broadband wavelength detector with 2D-Electron gas
Authors: Kaushik Vishal , Rajput Swati , Srivastav Sulabh , Singh Lalit , Babu Prem , Heidari Elham , Ahmed Moustafa , Al-Hadeethi Yas , Dalir Hamed , Sorger Volker J. , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Miniaturized, low-cost wavelength detectors are gaining enormous interest as we step into the new age of photonics. Incompatibility with integrated circuits or complex fabrication requirement in most of the conventionally used filters necessitates the development of a simple, on-chip platform for easy-to-use wavelength detection system. Also, intensity fluctuations hinder precise, noise free detection of spectral information. Here we propose a novel approach of utilizing wavelength sensitive photocurrent across semiconductor heterojunctions to experimentally validate broadband wavelength detection on an on-chip platform with simple fabrication process. The proposed device utilizes linear frequency response of internal photoemission via 2-D electron gas in a ZnO based heterojunction along with a reference junction for coherent common mode rejection. We report sensitivity of 0.96 μA/nm for a broad wavelength-range of 280 nm from 660 to 940 nm. Simple fabrication process, efficient intensity noise cancelation along with heat resistance and radiation hardness of ZnO makes the proposed platform simple, low-cost and efficient alternative for several applications such as optical spectrometers, sensing, and Internet of Things (IOTs).
Negative refraction in twisted hyperbolic metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Yi , Ouyang Chunmei , Xu Quan , Su Xiaoqiang , Ma Jiajun , Zhao Jing , Li Yanfeng , Tian Zhen , Gu Jianqiang , Liu Liyuan , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hyperbolic metasurfaces with unique dispersion properties can manipulate light–matter interactions according to the demands. However, due to their inherent physical properties, topological transitions (flat bands) exist only in the orthogonal directions, which greatly limit their application. Here, we unveil rich dispersion engineering and topological transitions in hyperbolic metasurfaces. Based on the effective medium theory, the rotation matrix is introduced into the dispersion relation to explain the distorted energy band diagrams, iso-frequency contours and higher-order multi-dipoles of the novel twisted metasurfaces, thereby forming multi-directional topological transitions and surface plasmon polariton propagation. Furthermore, we develop an integrated model to realize new dual-channel negative refraction and nondiffraction negative refraction. The phenomena observed in the experiments match well with the simulations, which proves that the designed metasurfaces make new types of negative refraction possible and will help to overcome the diffraction limit. The hyperbolic metasurfaces presented here exhibit exceptional capabilities for designing microscopes with a super lens at the molecular level, concealment of military aircraft, invisibility cloaks and other photonic devices with higher transmission efficiency.