bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the γ′ Precipitates Dissolution in a Ni-Based Superalloy During Stress-Free Short-Term Annealing at High Homologous Temperatures
Authors: Rakoczy Łukasz , Grudzień-Rakoczy Małgorzata , Hanning Fabian , Cempura Grzegorz , Cygan Rafał , Andersson Joel , Zielińska-Lipiec Anna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The equiaxed Ni-based superalloy René 108 was subjected to short-term annealing at five temperatures between 900 °C and 1100 °C. The phase composition, phase lattice parameters, microstructure, stereological parameters, and chemical composition of γ′ precipitates were investigated by thermodynamic simulations, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Analysis of the γ and γ′ lattice parameters using the Nelson-Riley extrapolation function showed that the misfit parameter for temperatures 900 °C to 1050 °C is positive (decreasing from 0.32 to 0.11 pct). At 1100 °C, the parameter becomes negative, δ = − 0.18 pct. During the short-term annealing, γ′ precipitates dissolution occurred progressing more rapidly with increasing temperatures. The surface fraction of γ′ precipitates decreased with increasing temperature from 0.52 to 0.34. The dissolution of γ′ precipitates did not only proceed through uninterrupted thinning of each individual precipitate, but also included more complex mechanisms, including splitting. Based on transmission electron microscopy, it was shown that after γ′ precipitates dissolution, the matrix close to the γ/γ′ interface is strongly enriched in Co and Cr and depleted in Al.
Dlg1 Knockout Inhibits Microglial Activation and Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
Authors: Peng Zhixin , Li Xiaoheng , Li Jun , Dong Yuan , Gao Yuhao , Liao Yajin , Yan Meichen , Yuan Zengqiang , Cheng Jinbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicroglia-mediated neuroinflammation is widely perceived as a contributor to numerous neurological diseases and mental disorders including depression. Discs large homolog 1 (Dlg1), an adaptor protein, regulates cell polarization and the function of K+channels, which are reported to regulate the activation of microglia. However, little is known about the role of Dlg1 in microglia and the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. In this study, we found thatDlg1knockdown suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by down-regulating the activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in microglia. Moreover, using an inducibleDlg1microglia-specific knockout (Dlg1flox/flox;CX3CR1CreER) mouse line, we found that microglialDlg1knockout reduced the activation of microglia and alleviated the LPS-induced depression-like behavior. In summary, our results demonstrated that Dlg1 plays a critical role in microglial activation and thus provides a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of depression.
A comparative analysis on the entrepreneurial ecosystem of BRICS club countries: practical emphasis on South Africa
Authors: Bate Adisu Fanta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of entrepreneurial activities is not only determined by the quality of entrepreneurs but also by the ecosystem of entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) that nurtures low-quality “moppets” to highly impactful “gazelles” is being widely debated and on-demand in literature. This study, therefore, is aimed to advance the discussion and make a comparative analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which has been given a little attention, of BRICS club countries with an especial focus on South Africa, Brazil, and India. Various entrepreneurship-economic growth-related measures including Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), Index Economic Freedom (IEF), and Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI) are used to compare the countries’ entrepreneurial ecosystem. Especially, the data set (2012–2018) of GEI was utilized for the analysis. According to GEI and GCI of 2018, China is leading BRICS club in terms of growth and entrepreneurial ecosystem. On the other side, LPI, IEF, and GEI put South Africa’s entrepreneurial ecosystem in a favorable position as compared to Brazil and India. South Africa performs poorly in startup skills, while both the latter ones are better and stand at the same level. This shows that South Africa’s tertiary education, coupled with low skill perception, is less effective in equipping the population to be entrepreneurs as compared to India and Brazil. Whereas Brazil and India are at their worst in internationalizing the country’s entrepreneurs and technological absorption, respectively. South Africa is more like India in product innovation and risk acceptance. On the other side, it is more like Brazil in risk capital, technological absorption, opportunity perception, and in their sluggish economic growth. Overall, South Africa (57th/140 as of 2018) is categorized among those poorly performing countries in terms of start-up skills, networking, technology absorption, human Capital, and risk capital pillars. The government of South Africa needs to primarily work on these bottle-neck pillars to improve its EE. To increase GEI by 5%, it should invest 77% of its extra resource on start-up skills, 18% on risk capital, and 5% on technology absorption. Applying GEI set up, this paper claims to have uniquely contributed to how to make a country comparison on the EE. Further empirical research can be done including all BRICS countries to bolster their development effort and on how to promote EE by tackling the underlying bottlenecks.
The Disparities Researchers Equalizing Access for Minorities (DREAM) Scholars program: career development for underrepresented health equity researchers
Authors: Williams Lovoria B. , Surratt Hilary L. , King Victoria L. , Kern Philip A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Diversity remains low among US colleges faculty, with only 3% identifying as Black or Hispanic. Moreover, underrepresented racial minority faculty often face unique challenges and are less likely than their white counterparts to earn higher academic rank, tenure, and funding, especially those who study health equity. We developed a novel program for health-equity focused pre-docs and junior faculty. The Disparities Researchers Equalizing Access for Minorities (DREAM) Scholars is a 24-month career development program led by the Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) that provides pilot and travel funding, career development seminars, mentoring, and writing retreats. We report the outcomes of the first Scholar cohort (N = 10), pre-docs n = 6; assistant professors, n = 4; seven were Black, one Hispanic, two White, one who identified as non-binary. At the end of the program, Scholars coauthored 34 manuscripts, 9 abstracts and 8 grants. Semi-structured interviews revealed seven major program strengths: funding, support and sense of community, accountability, exposure to translational science, network expansion, and exposure to multidisciplinary peers. Scholars provided feedback useful for subsequent cohorts. The DREAM program provided accountability and fostered a sense of community, expanded professional networks and enhanced scholarly productivity. The program serves as a model for implementation throughout the CCTSs.
Universal Digital Twin - A Dynamic Knowledge Graph
Authors: Akroyd Jethro , Mosbach Sebastian , Bhave Amit , Kraft Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a dynamic knowledge-graph approach for digital twins and illustrates how this approach is by design naturally suited to realizing the vision of a Universal Digital Twin. The dynamic knowledge graph is implemented using technologies from the Semantic Web. It is composed of concepts and instances that are defined using ontologies, and of computational agents that operate on both the concepts and instances to update the dynamic knowledge graph. By construction, it is distributed, supports cross-domain interoperability, and ensures that data are connected, portable, discoverable, and queryable via a uniform interface. The knowledge graph includes the notions of a “base world” that describes the real world and that is maintained by agents that incorporate real-time data, and of “parallel worlds” that support the intelligent exploration of alternative designs without affecting the base world. Use cases are presented that demonstrate the ability of the dynamic knowledge graph to host geospatial and chemical data, control chemistry experiments, perform cross-domain simulations, and perform scenario analysis. The questions of how to make intelligent suggestions for alternative scenarios and how to ensure alignment between the scenarios considered by the knowledge graph and the goals of society are considered. Work to extend the dynamic knowledge graph to develop a digital twin of the UK to support the decarbonization of the energy system is discussed. Important directions for future research are highlighted.
Overview of SwissFEL dual-photocathode laser capabilities and perspectives for exotic FEL modes
Authors: Bettoni S. , Cavalieri A. , Dax A. , Divall E. , Hauri C. P. , Hunziker S. , Huppert M. , Kaiser M. , Paraliev M. , Sydlo C. , Vicario C. , Trisorio A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
SwissFEL is a compact, high-brilliance, soft and hard X-ray free electron laser (FEL) facility that started user operation in 2019. The facility is composed of two parallel beam lines seeded by a common linear accelerator (LINAC), and a two-bunch photo-injector. For the injector, an innovative dual-photocathode laser scheme has been developed based on state-of-the-art ytterbium femtosecond laser systems. In this paper, we describe the performance of the SwissFEL photocathode drive lasers (PCDLs), the pulse-shaping capabilities as well as the versatility of the systems, which allow many different modes of operation of SwissFEL. The full control over the SwissFEL electron bunch properties via the unique architecture of the PCDLs will enable in the future the advent of more-advanced FEL modes; these modes include, but are not restricted to, the generation of single or trains of sub-femtosecond FEL pulses, multi-color FEL and finally, the generation of fully coherent X-ray pulses via laser-based seeding.
Polarization of public trust in scientists between 1978 and 2018
Authors: Li Nan , Qian Yachao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe U.S. public’s trust in scientists reached a new high in 2019 despite the collision of science and politics witnessed by the country. This study examines the cross-decade shift in public trust in scientists by analyzing General Social Survey data (1978–2018) using interpretable machine learning algorithms. The results suggest a polarization of public trust as political ideology made an increasingly important contribution to predicting trust over time. Compared with previous decades, many conservatives started to lose trust in scientists completely between 2008 and 2018. Although the marginal importance of political ideology in contributing to trust was greater than that of party identification, it was secondary to that of education and race in 2018. We discuss the practical implications and lessons learned from using machine learning algorithms to examine public opinion trends.
Activity and foraging behaviour of the hoverflyEristalinus aeneus(Scopoli, 1763) in protected cultivation of mango (Mangifera indicaL.)
Authors: Sánchez M. , Velásquez Y. , González M. , Cuevas J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe hoverflyEristalinus aeneusis an important pollinator of crops and wild plants. However, there is a lack of detailed information about its foraging behaviour and its potential as a managed pollinator of mango. Given the growing economic importance of protected cultivation of mango, our aim is to study the flight activity and foraging behaviour ofE. aeneuson this crop.Eristalinus aeneusdisplayed a bimodal daily activity, with peaks during mid-morning and mid-afternoon. The activity was maintained over a wide range of temperature (from 17.8 up to 37.4°C), light intensity (from 8.2 up to 57.4 klux) and relative humidity (from 19.0 up to 88.8%). The syrphids were active most of the time in this crop, and we observed five different types of activity: foraging (67%), resting (17%), flying (10%), grooming (4%) and walking (2%). This hoverfly visited hermaphrodite flowers more often than male flowers. On average, it visited 36.46 ± 13.92 flowers per 5 min, with a higher number of floral visits for nectar feeding. The duration of the visits to hermaphrodite and male flowers was similar but pollen-feeding visits lasted longer (6.44 s per flower) than nectar-feeding ones (5.51 s per flower). The highest number of visits to mango inflorescences was observed during the morning, but the longest visits occurred at midday. The implication of these results for the potential use ofE. aeneusas a managed pollinator in protected cultivation of mango is discussed.
Credit Ratings and Corporate Information Production: Evidence from Sovereign Downgrades
Authors: Wang Daisy (Sicong) , Xie Wensi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExploiting exogenous variations in corporate ratings due to sovereign credit downgrades and sovereign ceiling policies, we assess how firms respond to a reduction in credit ratings. We find that firms bounded by the sovereign ceiling significantly increase information production in response to a sovereign downgrade. The effects are stronger for firms relying more heavily on external finance and operating in a more opaque environment. Enhanced information production, in turn, affects firms’ subsequent access to bond markets. These findings suggest that firms actively manage information environments to maintain access to public debt markets.
Imperfect Solutions to the Neoliberal Problem of Public Aging: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Public Narratives of Long-Term Residential Care
Authors: El-Bialy Rowan , Funk Laura , Thompson Genevieve , Smith Malcolm , St John Philip , Roger Kerstin , Penner Jamie , Luo Hai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPublic representations of long-term residential care (LTRC) facilities have received limited focus in Canada, although literature from other countries indicates that public perceptions of LTRC tend to be negative, particularly in contexts that prioritize aging and dying in place. Using Manitoba as the study context, we investigate a question of broad relevance to the Canadian perspective; specifically, what are current public perceptions of the role and function of long-term care in the context of a changing health care system? Through critical discourse analysis, we identify four overarching discourses dominating public perceptions of LTRC: the problem of public aging, LTRC as an imperfect solution to the problem, LTRC as ambiguous social spaces, and LTRC as a last resort option. Building on prior theoretical work, we suggest that public perceptions of LTRC are informed by neoliberal discourses that privilege individual responsibility and problematize public care.
China and international law: Two tales of an encounter
Authors: d’Aspremont Jean , Zhang Binxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article examines how the encounter between China and international law is narrated in the English-speaking and Chinese literature and sheds light on the politics thereof. It particularly shows that the English-speaking and Chinese-speaking literature diverge as to the order of meaning in which the encounter between China and international law is registered. It demonstrates that the divergences between these bodies of literature are everything but innocent.
An ancient debate on urban renewal and built heritage: Dio Chrysostom and the city of Prusa
Authors: Siwicki Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractScholarship on architecture and urbanism in antiquity has focused on building activity and investment in the fabric of cities as positive processes, typically starting from the assumption that such developments were welcomed by inhabitants – but were they? This article examines objections to urban renewal and the construction of monumental public building in the Roman world. Specifically, it focuses on the city of Prusa and the controversy surrounding the renovation of its civic centre by the local politician Dio Chrysostom in the early 2nd century AD. Using speeches and letters written at the time, the article presents both a new interpretation of this specific episode and brings to the fore the rarely articulated and yet highly controversial nature of building projects that are traditionally thought of as being beneficial. In the conclusion, we also see how this example contributes to research on the issue of heritage as a pre-modern phenomenon.
Social Cognition and Social Functioning in MCI and Dementia in an Epidemiological Sample
Authors: Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Huynh Katharine , Zhou Shally , Amos Jessica G. , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:Social cognition is impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, its relationship to social functioning and perceived social support has yet to be explored. Here, we examine how theory of mind (ToM) relates to social functioning in MCI and dementia.Methods:Older adults (cognitively normal = 1272; MCI = 132; dementia = 23) from the PATH Through Life project, a longitudinal, population-based study, were assessed on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), measures of social functioning, and social well-being. The associations between RMET performance, social functioning, and cognitive status were analysed using generalised linear models, adjusting for demographic variables.Results:Participants with MCI (b=−.52, 95% CI [−.70, −.33]) and dementia (b=−.78, 95% CI [−1.22, −.34]) showed poorer RMET performance than cognitively normal participants. Participants with MCI and dementia reported reduced social network size (b=−.21, 95% CI [−.40, −.02] and b=−.90, 95% CI [−1.38, −.42], respectively) and participants with dementia reported increased loneliness (b = .36, 95% CI [.06, .67]). In dementia, poorer RMET performance was associated with increased loneliness (b=−.07, 95% CI [−.14, −.00]) and a trend for negative interactions with partners (b=−.37, 95% CI [−.74, .00]), but no significant associations were found in MCI.Conclusions:MCI and dementia were associated with poor self-reported social function. ToM deficits were related to poor social function in dementia but not MCI. Findings highlight the importance of interventions to address social cognitive deficits in persons with dementia and education of support networks to facilitate positive interactions and social well-being.
A Comparison of Functional Abilities in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Parkinson’s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Multiple Assessment Methods
Authors: Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen , McAlister Courtney , Greeley David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:This study used multiple assessment methods to examine instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) performance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) compared to individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively healthy older adults (HOA). Associations between functional performance and cognition were also examined.Methods:Eighteen individuals with PD-MCI, 48 individuals with MCI, and 66 HOAs were assessed with multiple IADL measures, including direct observation, a performance-based measure, and self- and informant-report questionnaires. Performance on the direct-observation measure was further characterized by coding for four error types: omissions, substitutions, and inefficient and irrelevant/off-task actions.Results:Both the PD-MCI and MCI groups performed more poorly on the overall score for all IADL measures relative to HOAs. Although the PD-MCI and MCI groups did not differ in overall performance, on the direct-observation measure, the PD-MCI group took longer and made more inefficient and irrelevant/off-task errors relative to the HOA and MCI groups, whereas the MCI group made more omission and substitution errors relative to HOAs. Further, the pattern of cognitive correlates that associated most strongly with the functional measures varied across groups and functional assessment methods.Conclusion:Compared to HOAs, PD-MCI and MCI groups demonstrated increased difficulties performing everyday activities, and cognitive and motor abilities differentially contributed to the everyday task difficulties of these two groups.
A Note on Sufi Snakes and Ladders
Authors: TOPSFIELD ANDREW 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article discusses a number of nineteenth century playing boards for the Sufi form of the traditional Indian board game of gyān caupar̩ (the Chaupar of Gnosis), from which modern Snakes and Ladders derives. Usually comprising 100 squares inscribed in Persian, the playing area conducts the players hazardously upward from lower spiritual states to the final goal of heaven, according to the throw of dice and sudden demotions or promotions through snakes or ladders. Most surviving examples are held in British collections, including that of the Royal Asiatic Society. Detailed attention is given to a unique, expanded version of the standard Sufi board which came to light a few years ago. Innovative and elaborate in its structure, method of play and nomenclature, it seems however to have been a late and short-lived experiment.
On the Origins of the Shrine of ‘Abd al-Samad in Natanz: The Case for a Revised Chronology
Authors: McCLARY RICHARD , GRBANOVIC ANA MARIJA 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a re-examination of the phases of construction and decoration at the shrine of ‘Abd al-Samad in Natanz and demonstrates that the core fabric and elements of architectural revetments of the shrine are datable to the Seljuq period (431-590/1040-1194), or slightly later. The structure was repurposed and redecorated, including the addition of extensive lustre tiles and stucco, for ‘Abd al-Samad by Zayn al-Din al-Mastari in the early years of the fourteenth century in a series of separate phases. Particular attention is focused on the nature of the original decoration of the shrine, revealed beneath the mortar which held the, now largely removed, Ilkhanid tilework in place. Scrutiny of the decorative interventions illustrates that the application of lustre revetments in the shrine also determined a major change of the function of the monument, from a simple burial structure into a pilgrimage centre in its own right.
Diversified firms: existence and behaviors
Authors: Wernerfelt Birger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe propose a micro-founded theory of diversified firms. The theory suggests that diversified firms exist because they allow better deployment of factors that, because of sub-additive contracting costs, are hard to trade in fractions. Firms diversify into industries in which these factors are more productive than any alternatives available in the factor market. Like markets, diversified firms allow specialization by enabling factors to be used on a larger scale. The individual businesses making up a diversified firm exhibit specific similarities in behavior.