bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-depth bioinformatic study of the cadherin 5 interactome in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm unveils 8 novel biomarkers
Authors: Magouliotis Dimitrios E , Fergadi Maria P , Christodoulidis Gregory , Svokos Alexis A , Svokos Konstantina A , Bareka Metaxia , Athanasiou Thanos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is characterized by the dilation of the aorta and is associated with poor prognosis if not diagnosed and treated early. In this context, the identification of biomarkers regarding the TAA diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis is crucial. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the differential gene expression profile of the cadherin 5 (CDH5 or VE-Cadherin) gene network in patients with TAA, to propose novel biomarkers.

METHODS
In silico techniques were used to construct the interactome of the CDH5 network, identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TAA as compared to healthy controls, and uncover the related molecular functions and the regulating miRNAs.

RESULTS
Transcriptomic data of one microarray dataset were included, incorporating 43 TAA and 43 control samples. Eight DEGs were identified; 7 were up-regulated and 1 was down-regulated. A molecular signature of 8 genes (CDH5; Calcitonin Receptor-Like Receptor–CALCRL; Activin A Receptor-Like Type 1–ACVRL1, Tryptophanyl-TRNA Synthetase 1–WARS; Junction Plakoglobin–JUP, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type J–PTPRJ, Purinergic Receptor P2X 4–P2RX4, Kinase Insert Domain Receptor–KDR) were identified as biomarkers associated with TAA. PTPRJ was associated with excellent discrimination and calibration in predicting TAA presentation. Positive correlations were reported regarding the expression of CDH5-CALCRL, CDH5-ACVRL1, CDH5-WARS and CDH5-PTPRJ. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis indicated the molecular functions and miRNA families (hsa-miR-296-5p, hsa-miR-6836-5p, hsa-miR-6132, hsa-miR-27a-5p and hsa-miR-6773-5p) relevant to the 8 biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS
These outcomes propose an 8-gene molecular panel associated with TAA.
Fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography coronary angiography in the assessment and management of stable chest pain: the FORECAST randomized trial
Authors: Curzen Nick , Nicholas Zoe , Stuart Beth , Wilding Sam , Hill Kayleigh , Shambrook James , Eminton Zina , Ball Darran , Barrett Camilla , Johnson Lucy , Nuttall Jacqui , Fox Kim , Connolly Derek , O’Kane Peter , Hobson Alex , Chauhan Anoop , Uren Neal , Mccann Gerry , Berry Colin , Carter Justin , Roobottom Carl , Mamas Mamas , Rajani Ronak , Ford Ian , Douglas Pamela , Hlatky Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) determines both the presence of coronary artery disease and vessel-specific ischaemia. We tested whether an evaluation strategy based on FFRCT would improve economic and clinical outcomes compared with standard care.

Methods and results
Overall, 1400 patients with stable chest pain in 11 centres were randomized to initial testing with CTCA with selective FFRCT (experimental group) or standard clinical care pathways (standard group). The primary endpoint was total cardiac costs at 9 months. Secondary endpoints were angina status, quality of life, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and use of invasive coronary angiography. Randomized groups were similar at baseline. Most patients had an initial CTCA: 439 (63%) in the standard group vs. 674 (96%) in the experimental group, 254 of whom (38%) underwent FFRCT. Mean total cardiac costs were higher by £114 (+8%) in the experimental group, with a 95% confidence interval from −£112 (−8%) to +£337 (+23%), though the difference was not significant (P = 0.10). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events did not differ significantly (10.2% in the experimental group vs. 10.6% in the standard group) and angina and quality of life improved to a similar degree over follow-up in both randomized groups. Invasive angiography was reduced significantly in the experimental group (19% vs. 25%, P = 0.01).

Conclusion
A strategy of CTCA with selective FFRCT in patients with stable angina did not differ significantly from standard clinical care pathways in cost or clinical outcomes, but did reduce the use of invasive coronary angiography.
Stress response of the marine sponge Scopalina sp.. Can microbial community composition predict sponge disease?
Authors: Taylor Jessica A , Díez-Vives Cristina , Majzoub Marwan E , Nielsen Shaun , Thomas Torsten 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Disease has become an increasingly recognised problem in the marine environment, but our understanding of the factors that drive disease or our ability to predict its occurrence is limited. Marine sponges are known for their close associations with microorganisms, which are generally accepted to underpin sponge health and function. The aim of this study is to explore whether the microbial community composition of sponges can act as a predictor of disease occurrence under stressful environmental conditions. The development of a naturally occurring disease in the temperate sponge species Scopalina sp. was reproducibly recreated in a flow-through aquarium environment using increasing temperature stress. Throughout the experiments, four morphological health states were observed and described. Fingerprinting based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the bacterial community uncovered a statistically significant signature in healthy sponges prior to stress or apparent symptoms that correlated with the time it took for the disease to occur. This shows that the bacterial community composition of individual sponges can act as predictors of necrotic disease development. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a microbial signature of this nature has been reported in marine sponges and this finding can contribute to unravelling cause-effect pathways for stress-related dysbiosis and disease.
Impact of Different Wavelengths of Artificial Light at Night on Phototaxis in Aquatic Insects
Authors: Kühne Judith L , van Grunsven Roy H A , Jechow Andreas , Hölker Franz 
Published: June 2021

Synopsis
The use of artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing exponentially worldwide and there is growing evidence that ALAN contributes to the decline of insect populations. One of the most conspicuous ecological effects is the strong attraction of ALAN to flying insects. In several studies, light sources with strong short-wavelength emissions have been shown to attract the highest numbers of flying insects. Furthermore, flying stages of aquatic insects are reported to be more vulnerable to ALAN than flying stages of terrestrial insects. This is concerning because freshwater habitats are likely affected by ALAN that originates from human activity centers, which are typically close to sources of freshwater. However, the effects of ALAN on aquatic insects, which spend their larval phase (amphibiotic insects) or their whole life cycle (fully aquatic insects) in freshwaters, are entirely understudied. Here, we investigated the phototaxis of aquatic insects to ALAN at different wavelengths and intensities. We used floating light traps and compared four, near-monochromatic, lights (blue, green, red, and yellow) at two different photopic light intensities in a ditch system, which was not exposed to ALAN previously. Similar to flying stages of (aquatic and terrestrial) insects, we found a strong positive phototaxis of aquatic life stages. However, in contrast to the flying stages, there is no clear preference for short-wavelength light. Overall, responsivity to wavelengths in the center of the visible range (green, yellow; 500–600 nm) was significant for all orders of aquatic insects studied, and the nymphs of Ephemeroptera did not respond to blue light at all. This is likely an adaption to how light is attenuated in freshwater systems, where not only the water itself but also a variety of optical constituents act as a color filter, often like in our case filtering out short-wavelength light. Therefore, insects living in freshwater bodies often live in longer wavelength-dominated environments and might therefore be especially sensitive to green/yellow light. In conclusion, the different spectral sensitivities of both aquatic and flying insects should be taken into account when planning lighting near freshwater.
Highly Contiguous Genomes Improve the Understanding of Avian Olfactory Receptor Repertoires
Authors: Driver Robert J , Balakrishnan Christopher N 
Published: June 2021

Synopsis
Third-generation (long-read–based) sequencing technologies are reshaping our understanding of genome structure and function. One of the most persistent challenges in genome biology has been confidently reconstructing radiations of complex gene families. Olfactory receptors (ORs) represent just such a gene family with upward of thousands of receptors in some mammalian taxa. Whereas in birds olfaction was historically an overlooked sensory modality, new studies have revealed an important role for smell. Chromosome-level assemblies for birds allow a new opportunity to characterize patterns of OR diversity among major bird lineages. Previous studies of short-read–based (second-generation) genome assemblies have associated OR gene family size with avian ecology, but such conclusions could be premature especially when new assembly methods reshape our understanding of avian OR evolution. Here we provide a fundamental characterization of OR repertoires in five recent genome assemblies, including the most recent assembly of golden-collared manakin (Manacus vitellinus). We find that short read-based assemblies systematically undercount the avian-specific gamma-c OR subfamily, a subfamily that comprises over 65% of avian OR diversity. Therefore, in contrast to previous studies, we find a high diversity of gamma-c ORs across the avian tree of life. Building on these findings, ongoing sequencing efforts and improved genome assemblies will clarify the relationship between OR diversity and avian ecology.
Entire Theta Operators at Unramified Primes
Authors: Eischen E , Mantovan E 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStarting with the work of Serre, Katz, and Swinnerton-Dyer, theta operators have played a key role in the study of $p$-adic and $\textrm{mod}\; p$ modular forms and Galois representations. This paper achieves two main results for theta operators on automorphic forms on PEL-type Shimura varieties: (1) the analytic continuation at unramified primes $p$ to the whole Shimura variety of the $\textrm{mod}\; p$ reduction of $p$-adic Maass–Shimura operators a priori defined only over the $\mu $-ordinary locus, and (2) the construction of new $\textrm{mod}\; p$ theta operators that do not arise as the $\textrm{mod}\; p$ reduction of Maass–Shimura operators. While the main accomplishments of this paper concern the geometry of Shimura varieties and consequences for differential operators, we conclude with applications to Galois representations. Our approach involves a careful analysis of the behavior of Shimura varieties and enables us to obtain more general results than allowed by prior techniques, including for arbitrary signature, vector weights, and unramified primes in CM fields of arbitrary degree.
Nerve–macrophage interactions in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Fujiu Katsuhito , Manabe Ichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe heart is highly innervated by autonomic neurons, and dynamic autonomic regulation of the heart and blood vessels is essential for animals to carry out the normal activities of life. Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and myocardial infarction, are characterized in part by an imbalance in autonomic nervous system activation, with excess sympathetic and diminished parasympathetic activation. Notably, however, this is often accompanied by chronic inflammation within the cardiovascular tissues, which suggests there are interactions between autonomic dysregulation and inflammation. Recent studies have been unraveling the mechanistic links between autonomic nerves and immune cells within the cardiovascular system. The autonomic nervous system and immune system also act in concert to coordinate the actions of multiple organs that not only maintain homeostasis but also likely play key roles in disease–disease interactions, such as cardiorenal syndrome and multimorbidity. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathological interactions between autonomic nerves and macrophages in the context of cardiovascular disease.
Red degeneration of a large leiomyoma in a non-pregnant woman in pursuit of 17 pregnancies: a case report
Authors: Adwan Dema , Jomaa Sami 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Leiomyoma is a common benign tumor in women of reproductive age. Increasing the number of pregnancy has a significant role in reducing the risk of tumor development. Red degeneration is a rare complication and often occurs during pregnancy. However, its incidence in non-pregnant women is tremendously rare. Herein, we present a case of 51-year-old non-pregnant women with a history of 17 pregnancies, diagnosed with leiomyoma that underwent red degeneration.
Recurrent midgut volvulus in an 83-year-old female
Authors: Kang Lorna , Larson Brandon , Barker Shelly , Ma Truong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a rare case of recurrent primary midgut volvulus in an elderly female with an interesting intraoperative finding of an abnormally elongated small bowel mesentery. This patient presented with symptoms of obstruction, including nausea, vomiting and obstipation, similar to previous episodes of volvulus for which she underwent exploratory laparotomies and reduction of the volvulus. We describe a novel use for enteropexy in which we effectively shortened the small bowel mesentery in an effort to eliminate the source of recurrent volvulus. The patient’s post-operative course was complicated by prolonged ileus requiring total parenteral nutrition. However, she had not developed signs or symptoms of bowel ischemia or recurrent volvulus at the time of this writing. Our findings suggest that enteropexy is an effective technique for preventing recurrent midgut volvulus primarily caused by abnormally elongated mesentery.
3D numerical simulations of propagating two-fluid, torsional Alfvén waves and heating of a partially ionized solar chromosphere
Authors: Kuźma B , Murawski K , Poedts S 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a new insight into the propagation, attenuation, and dissipation of two-fluid, torsional Alfvén waves in the context of heating of the lower solar atmosphere. By means of numerical simulations of the partially ionized plasma, we solve the set of two-fluid equations for ion plus electron and neutral fluids in 3D Cartesian geometry. We implement initially a current-free magnetic field configuration, corresponding to a magnetic flux-tube that is rooted in the solar photosphere and expands into the chromosphere and corona. We put the lower boundary of our simulation region in the low chromosphere, where ions and neutrals begin to decouple, and implement there a monochromatic driver that directly generates Alfvén waves with a wave period of 30 s. As the ion-neutral drift increases with height, the two-fluid effects become more significant and the energy carried by both Alfvén and magneto-acoustic waves can be thermalized in the process of ion–neutral collisions there. In fact, we observe a significant increase in plasma temperature along the magnetic flux-tube. In conclusion, the two-fluid torsional Alfvén waves can potentially play a role in the heating of the solar chromosphere.
Distal Basilar Artery “Umbrella Aneurysm” Treated by Radial Artery Graft Bypass From the External Carotid Artery to Posterior Cerebral Artery and Clip Trapping: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Shenoy Varadaraya S , Lavergne Pascal , Qazi Zeeshan , Ghodke Basavaraj V , Sekhar Laligam N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 71-yr-old woman was discovered to have an incidental distal basilar artery (BA) fusiform aneurysm 7 × 5 mm in dimension, shaped like an “umbrella handle” with critical stenosis distal to the aneurysm. The right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) P1 segment was small; the left posterior communicating artery (PComA) was miniscule. Because the natural history of fusiform BA aneurysms is poorly defined, this was equated to a saccular aneurysm, with an estimated 10-yr rupture rate of 29%.
1-8
After discussion of alternative treatments, the patient decided upon surgery. Because of inadequate collateral circulation, a bypass to the left PCA was deemed necessary.
The aneurysm was exposed by an extended trans-sylvian approach, and the left PCA P2 segment was visualized subtemporally. The left radial artery (RAG) was extracted, and pressure distended to prevent vasospasm. The RAG bypass was sutured first to the P2, and then to the cervical external carotid artery (ECA); the BA aneurysm was then clipped. The proximal anastomosis of the bypass needed revision because of poor flow; a 4-mm punch hole was made to widen the arteriotomy on the ECA. The patient was discharged home with mild memory loss and partial left cranial nerve III palsy. After discharge, she developed a severe left hemicrania, resolved with gabapentin. At 6-wk follow-up, she was asymptomatic, and computed tomography (CT) angiogram demonstrated patency of the bypass.
The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. All relevant patient identifiers have been removed from the video and accompanying radiology slides.
Microsurgical Resection of a Lumbar Synovial Cyst: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Gill Brian J A , McCormick Kyle Lindsey , McCormick Paul C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lumbar spine synovial cysts develop from degenerated zygapophyseal joints. Symptomatic patients present with radicular pain and weakness or neurogenic claudication.
1
In the absence of significant concomitant degenerative spondylolisthesis, symptomatic patients can be managed with a laminectomy and microsurgical resection of the cyst, without the need for instrumented fusion.
2,3
In this video, we present the microsurgical resection of a left-sided L4-5 synovial cyst in a 68-yr-old man with radicular pain refractory to conservative management. The radiographical features, relevant surgical anatomy, and salient operative steps are reviewed, and strategies for preventing cyst recurrence are emphasized. There were no complications, the postoperative course was unremarkable, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 1 with significant improvement in his presenting symptoms. No identifying information is present, and patient consent was obtained for the procedure and for publishing the material included in this video.
Diaphragm Sellae Meningioma: Distinct Clinical, Anatomic, and Surgical Considerations: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Bulsara Ketan R , Ibn Essayed Walid , Aboud Emad , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nestled in the parasellar region, surrounded by critical neurovascular structures, diaphragm sellae meningiomas although rare present distinct clinical, radiological, and surgical considerations.
1-3
Consequently, they present surgical challenges that could be overcome with technical nuances. The origin of this meningioma on the diaphragm creates a distorted anatomy, which must be comprehended for the safe approach and resection.
Three distinct subtypes of diaphragm sellae meningiomas are described, each with distinctive clinical presentations and surgical treatment implications.
2
Type A originates from the upper leaf of diaphragm sellae pushing the stalk posteriorly. It usually presents with unilateral visual loss. Type B originates from the upper leaf of the diaphragm sellae pushing the stalk anteriorly. It presents with few visual symptoms, but memory disturbance and hypopituitarism are common. Type C originates from the inferior leaf of the diaphragm sellae (intrasellar meningioma) presenting with bitemporal hemianopsia and hypopituitarism. Recognizing these variations in this rare tumor subtype is critical to minimizing potential adverse outcomes associated with operative treatment. The cranial approach has been the recommended route for these lesions with an exception of the intrasellar type.
1,3

In this article, we depict the pathological anatomy and demonstrate the surgical nuances in handling diaphragm sellae meningioma resection through a cranio-orbital approach
4
in a patient who had an unsuccessful trans-sphenoidal resection attempt. The patient consented for the procedure.
Image at 1:38 from Al-Mefty O, Operative Atlas of Meningiomas, © LWW, 1997, with permission. Image at 8:56 from Kinjo et al,
2
Diaphragma sellae meningiomas, case reports, Neurosurgery, 1995, 36(6), 1082-1092, by permission of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.
Effects of different aperture-sized type I collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Jiang Shihui , Yu Zhaoxia , Zhang Lanrui , Wang Guanhua , Dai Xiaohua , Lian Xiaoli , Yan Yan , Zhang Linpu , Wang Yue , Li Ruixin , Zou Huiru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed at evaluate the effects of different aperture-sized type I collagen/silk fibroin (CSF) scaffolds on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). The CSF scaffolds were designed with 3D mapping software Solidworks. Three different aperture-sized scaffolds (CSF1–CSF3) were prepared by low-temperature deposition 3D printing technology. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical coherence tomography. The porosity, hydrophilicity and mechanical capacity of the scaffold were detected, respectively. HDPCs (third passage, 1 × 105 cells) were seeded into each scaffold and investigated by SEM, CCK-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and HE staining. The CSF scaffolds had porous structures with macropores and micropores. The macropore size of CSF1 to CSF3 was 421 ± 27 μm, 579 ± 36 μm and 707 ± 43 μm, respectively. The porosity was 69.8 ± 2.2%, 80.1 ± 2.8% and 86.5 ± 3.3%, respectively. All these scaffolds enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of HDPCs. The ALP activity in the CSF1 group was higher than that in the CSF3 groups (P &lt; 0.01). HE staining showed HDPCs grew in multilayer within the scaffolds. CSF scaffolds significantly improved the adhesion and ALP activity of HDPCs. CSF scaffolds were promising candidates in dentine-pulp complex regeneration.
The influence of reduced graphene oxide on stem cells: a perspective in peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Yao Xiangyun , Yan Zhiwen , Wang Xu , Jiang Huiquan , Qian Yun , Fan Cunyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are fascinating materials for their extraordinary electrochemical and mechanical properties. In recent decades, many researchers explored their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) possesses remarkable structural and functional resemblance to graphene, although some residual oxygen-containing groups and defects exist in the structure. Such structure holds great potential since the remnant-oxygenated groups can further be functionalized or modified. Moreover, oxygen-containing groups can improve the dispersion of rGO in organic or aqueous media. Therefore, it is preferable to utilize rGO in the production of composite materials. The rGO composite scaffolds provide favorable extracellular microenvironment and affect the cellular behavior of cultured cells in the peripheral nerve regeneration. On the one hand, rGO impacts on Schwann cells and neurons which are major components of peripheral nerves. On the other hand, rGO-incorporated composite scaffolds promote the neurogenic differentiation of several stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and neural stem cells. This review will briefly introduce the production and major properties of rGO, and its potential in modulating the cellular behaviors of specific stem cells. Finally, we present its emerging roles in the production of composite scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering.