bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus agalactiae in the puerperal period
Authors: Nakamura Takeshi , Seo Kohei , Okuyama Ayumi , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Sekizawa Akihiko , Nagatsuka Masaaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B Streptococcus, is a species of bacteria occasionally detected in the vagina and/or rectum of pregnant women. This report describes the case of a 33‐year‐old woman who developed infective endocarditis on puerperal day 17, owing to group B Streptococcus, and required lifesaving surgery. The patient was rushed to our hospital with chief complaints of fever and fatigue. After hospitalization, antibiotics were administered; however, the symptoms did not improve. Following a detailed examination, vegetation was found in the heart, suggestive of infective endocarditis. Surgical removal of the vegetation improved the patient's condition. The development of group B Streptococcus infection and infective endocarditis in a pregnant woman with no risk factors is rare. This case confirms that this patient's life was saved by a timely diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention.
Evaluating disparities in access to obstetric services for American Indian women across Montana
Authors: Thorsen Maggie L. , Harris Sean , McGarvey Ronald , Palacios Janelle , Thorsen Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePregnant women across the rural United States have increasingly limited access to obstetric care, especially specialty care for high‐risk women and infants. Limited research focuses on access for rural American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) women, a population warranting attention given persistent inequalities in birth outcomes.MethodsUsing Montana birth certificate data (2014–2018), we examined variation in travel time to give birth and access to different levels of obstetric care (i.e., the proportion of individuals living within 1‐ and 2‐h drives to facilities), by rurality (Rural‐Urban Continuum Code) and race (White and AIAN people).FindingsResults point to limited obstetric care access in remote rural areas in Montana, especially higher‐level specialty care, compared to urban or urban‐adjacent rural areas. AIAN women traveled significantly farther than White women to access care (24.2 min farther on average), even compared to White women from similarly rural areas (5–13 min farther, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and health care utilization). AIAN women were 20 times more likely to give birth at a hospital without obstetric services and had less access to complex obstetric care. Poor access was particularly pronounced among reservation‐dwelling AIAN women.ConclusionsIt is imperative to consider racial disparities and health inequities underlying poor access to obstetric services across rural America. Current federal policies aim to reduce maternity care professional shortages. Our findings suggest that racial disparities in access to complex obstetric care will persist in Montana unless facility‐level infrastructure is also expanded to reach areas serving AIAN women.
CyberKnife stereotactic radiotherapy for treatment of primary intracranial tumors in dogs
Authors: Carter Gabrielle L. , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Mohammadian Lenore A. , Bergman Phillip J. , Lee Rachel P. , Proulx David R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist about the use, efficacy, and prognostic factors influencing outcome when CyberKnife is used to treat dogs with intracranial neoplasia.ObjectivesTo determine the prognosis and associated prognostic factors for dogs that were imaged, determined to have primary intracranial tumors, and treated with CyberKnife radiotherapy.AnimalsFifty‐nine dogs treated with CyberKnife radiotherapy for primary intracranial tumors.MethodsRetrospective medical record review of cases from January 2010 to June 2016. Data extracted from medical records included signalment, weight, seizure history, tumor location, tumor type (based on imaging), gross tumor volume, planned tumor volume, treatment dates, radiation dose, recurrence, date of death, and cause of death.ResultsThe median progression‐free interval (PFI) was 347 days (range 47 to 1529 days), and the median survival time (MST) was 738 days (range 4 to 2079 days). Tumor location was significantly associated with PFI when comparing cerebrum (median PFI 357 days; range 47‐1529 days) versus cerebellum (median PFI 97 days; range 97‐168 days) versus brainstem (median PFI 266 days; range 30‐1484 days), P = .03. Additionally, the presumed tumor type was significantly associated with MST (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUse of Cyberknife and SRT might improve MST, compared with RT, in dogs with intracranial neoplasia.
A novel missense mutation of the NAT10 gene in a juvenile Schnauzer dog with chronic respiratory tract infections
Authors: Hedgespeth Barry A. , Birkenheuer Adam J. , Friedenberg Steven G. , Olby Natasha J. , Meurs Kathryn M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn 18‐month‐old intact male Schnauzer dog was evaluated for chronic, lifelong respiratory tract infections that were unresponsive to administration of a variety of antibiotics and corticosteroids. The dog developed persistent vomiting and diarrhea around 1 year of age that was minimally responsive to diet change, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. Despite supportive care, the dog was ultimately euthanized at 20 months of age due to persistent respiratory and gastrointestinal disease. Whole genome sequencing discovered a deleterious missense A/C mutation within the NAT10 gene, a gene essential for microtubule acetylation, appropriate ciliary development, and cytokinesis. Pipeline analysis of the genomes of 579 dogs from 55 breeds did not detect this mutation. Though never described in veterinary medicine, NAT10 mutation occurs in humans with ciliary aplasia, suggesting a pathophysiological mechanism for this dog and highlighting an associated mutation or possible novel genetic cause of chronic respiratory infections in dogs.
High avidity drives the interaction between the streptococcal C1 phage endolysin, PlyC, with the cell surface carbohydrates of Group A Streptococcus
Authors: Broendum Sebastian S. , Williams Daniel E. , Hayes Brooke K. , Kraus Felix , Fodor James , Clifton Ben E. , Geert Volbeda Anne , Codee Jeroen D. C. , Riley Blake T. , Drinkwater Nyssa , Farrow Kylie A. , Tsyganov Kirill , Heselpoth Ryan D. , Nelson Daniel C. , Jackson Colin J. , Buckle Ashley M. , McGowan Sheena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEndolysin enzymes from bacteriophage cause bacterial lysis by degrading the peptidoglycan cell wall. The streptococcal C1 phage endolysin PlyC, is the most potent endolysin described to date and can rapidly lyse group A, C, and E streptococci. PlyC is known to bind the Group A streptococcal cell wall, but the specific molecular target or the binding site within PlyC remain uncharacterized. Here we report for the first time, that the polyrhamnose backbone of the Group A streptococcal cell wall is the binding target of PlyC. We have also characterized the putative rhamnose binding groove of PlyC and found four key residues that were critical to either the folding or the cell wall binding action of PlyC. Based on our results, we suggest that the interaction between PlyC and the cell wall may not be a high‐affinity interaction as previously proposed, but rather a high avidity one, allowing for PlyC’s remarkable lytic activity. Resistance to our current antibiotics is reaching crisis levels and there is an urgent need to develop the antibacterial agents with new modes of action. A detailed understanding of this potent endolysin may facilitate future developments of PlyC as a tool against the rise of antibiotic resistance.
The Public‐Sector Cost of Capital: An Empirical Test of Peltzman’s Conjecture*
Authors: Moszoro Marian W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractI test whether public‐sector ownership reduces conventional measures of market risk by using an event exogenous to the air transportation sector. I find that government‐sponsored enterprises show lower price volatility than non‐government‐sponsored enterprises, arguably due to the government’s ability to buffer government‐sponsored enterprises against demand and cost shocks. The upshot for jurisdictions with fiscal space is that cash flows under public‐sector provision should be discounted at a lower rate than cash flows under private‐sector provision.
Genetic variation, vegetative compatibility, and aggressiveness diversity of Diplodia bulgarica isolates from apple orchards in West Azarbaijan province of Iran
Authors: Zeynali Bari Roya , Abrinbana Masoud , Ghosta Youbert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigated inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR), vegetative compatibility, and aggressiveness diversity in 101 isolates of Diplodia bulgarica recovered from apple trees displaying symptoms of canker and decline in West Azarbaijan province of Iran. Marker analyses revealed high within population diversity, low genetic differentiation, high gene flow, and sharing of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) among geographic populations. Moreover, clustering and multivariate analyses identified two highly differentiated genetic clusters with limited admixture between them. These findings may suggest that the pathogen has been introduced from two genetically divergent sources and has been moved within the region through infected materials. The large number of MLGs, low clonal fraction, and absence of a widely distributed dominant genotype may explain the occurrence of recombination in this pathogen. However, significant linkage disequilibrium in the populations and limited admixture between genetic clusters may indicate the rare occurrence of recombination in D. bulgarica populations in West Azarbaijan, and that the pathogen has not been in the province long enough to reach equilibrium. Vegetative compatibility analyses revealed the occurrence of anastomosis between nonself pairings and high vegetative compatibility group diversity within populations. All studied MLGs produced necrotic lesions on detached shoots of Red Delicious apple but differed in their aggressiveness levels. Our results provide new insights into genetic and phenotypic variation of D. bulgarica that can assist in developing management strategies. Our findings also highlight the vital need for quarantine measures and the production of healthy plant materials to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen in Iran.
Tintoretto’s Hebrew book
Authors: Miller Gideon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Tintoretto’s Saint Jerome and Saint Andrew (Venice, Gallerie dell’Accademia), St. Jerome glances at an open book. Some have speculated that the book in the painting is a Hebrew Bible, similar to those published in Tintoretto’s time, and consistent with classic iconography of Jerome and his Latin Bible translation. This study argues that the book can be positively identified as the 1550‐1551 edition of Maimonides’ Mishneh Torah. The timing of the painting coincided with an intensified persecution of the Hebrew printing press which originated with an attack on the same Mishneh Torah edition. Placing the painting in the context of this milieu has led to a new interpretation of the painting and its placement in the Palazzo dei Camerlenghi cycle.
The impact of rent seeking on social infrastructure and productivity
Authors: del Río Fernando 
Published: March 2021

AbstractI develop a neoclassical growth model in which rent seeking impacts negatively on productivity and welfare because it discourages the accumulation of social infrastructure. I estimate the fraction of resources wasted in rent seeking for a sample of 141 countries. On average, countries in the first (respectively, last) decile of the distribution of the estimated rent‐seeking intensity devote around (respectively, ) of output to rent‐seeking and have (respectively, ) of output per capita and (respectively, ) of consumption per capita of a country without rent seeking. Moreover, around one quarter of the drop in consumption per capita caused by rent seeking is due to its negative impact on the accumulation of social infrastructure and the remaining three quarters are due to the waste of resources.
Financial market spillovers of U.S. monetary policy shocks
Authors: Ha Jongrim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the cross‐border propagation of U.S. monetary policy shocks to the financial markets of five open countries—Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United Kingdom—from 2000 to 2017. I estimate the structural VAR models that consist of multiple high‐frequency financial variables, in which the impacts of foreign (U.S.) and local monetary policy shocks are estimated jointly, using a novel set of external instruments. I include a wide range of domestic, U.S., and global endogenous variables to reflect the various channels of shock transmission. I draw four main findings from the empirical results. First, the foreign exchange rates respond flexibly to domestic and foreign monetary shocks, as the overshooting theory predicts. Second, despite the reactions in foreign exchange rates, U.S. monetary shocks propagate strongly to domestic financial markets in other countries, possibly reflecting the correlated term and risk premiums across countries. Third, while the results support the significant transmission of domestic monetary policies by the central banks in the countries, U.S. monetary shocks exhibit greater and more persistent impacts on domestic asset prices than the domestic shocks. Finally, a set of counterfactual experiments reveal that the international transmission of U.S. monetary policy shocks operate through several channels, including global financial sentiments, U.S. asset prices (both equity prices and bond yields), and foreign exchange rates.
On Optimal Rerandomization Designs
Authors: Johansson Per , Rubin Donald B. , Schultzberg Mårten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBlocking is commonly used in randomized experiments to increase efficiency of estimation. A generalization of blocking removes allocations with imbalance in covariate distributions between treated and control units, and then randomizes within the remaining set of allocations with balance. This idea of rerandomization was formalized by Morgan and Rubin (Annals of Statistics, 2012, 40, 1263–1282), who suggested using Mahalanobis distance between treated and control covariate means as the criterion for removing unbalanced allocations. Kallus (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B: Statistical Methodology, 2018, 80, 85–112) proposed reducing the set of balanced allocations to the minimum. Here we discuss the implication of such an ‘optimal’ rerandomization design for inferences to the units in the sample and to the population from which the units in the sample were randomly drawn. We argue that, in general, it is a bad idea to seek the optimal design for an inference because that inference typically only reflects uncertainty from the random sampling of units, which is usually hypothetical, and not the randomization of units to treatment versus control.
Accuracy of slender body theory in approximating force exerted by thin fiber on viscous fluid
Authors: Mori Yoichiro , Ohm Laurel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider the mapping properties of the integral operator arising in nonlocal slender body theory (SBT) for the model geometry of a straight, periodic filament. It is well known that the classical singular SBT integral operator suffers from high wavenumber instabilities, making it unsuitable for approximating the slender body inverse problem, where the fiber velocity is prescribed and the integral operator must be inverted to find the force density along the fiber. Regularizations of the integral operator must therefore be used instead. Here, we consider two regularization methods: spectral truncation and the ‐regularization of Tornberg and Shelley (2004). We compare the mapping properties of these approximations to the underlying partial differential equation (PDE) solution, which for the inverse problem is simply the Stokes Dirichlet problem with data constrained to be constant on cross sections. For the straight‐but‐periodic fiber with constant radius , we explicitly calculate the spectrum of the operator mapping fiber velocity to force for both the PDE and the approximations. We prove that the spectrum of the original SBT operator agrees closely with the PDE operator at low wavenumbers but differs at high frequencies, allowing us to define a truncated approximation with a wavenumber cutoff . For both the truncated and ‐regularized approximations, we obtain rigorous ‐based convergence to the PDE solution as : A fiber velocity with regularity gives convergence, while a fiber velocity with at least regularity yields convergence. Moreover, we determine the dependence of the ‐regularized error estimate on the regularization parameter .
Tongue carcinoma as a secondary malignancy in a 17‐year‐old leukemia survivor: A case report
Authors: de Mendonça Regina Maria Holanda , Cappellaro Katia Maria Coutinho , Gueiros Luiz Alcino , Cardinalli Izilda Aparecida , Arboleda Lady Paola Aristizábal , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPediatric hematologic malignancies present an elevated survival rate, and these survivors may experience long‐term complications, including secondary malignancies. This case describes a 17‐year‐old female patient previously treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, T2N0M0) of the lateral border of the tongue diagnosed during dental follow‐up 2 years and 9 months after the conclusion of ALL therapy (GBTLILLA99 protocol). The patient underwent exclusive surgical resection for the tongue SCC and is free of disease 11 years after the surgery. The current case report highlights the importance of monitoring the oral health of childhood cancer survivors. As part of a multidisciplinary team, our directives include counseling to avoid carcinogenic exposures.
Deontic Concepts and Their Clash in Mīmāṃsā: Towards an Interpretation
Authors: Freschi Elisa , Pascucci Matteo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe article offers an overview of the deontic theory developed by the philosophical school of Mīmāṃsā, which is, and has been since the last centuries BCE, the main source of normative concepts in Sanskrit thought. Thus, the Mīmāṃsā deontics is interesting for any historian of philosophy and constitutes a thought‐provoking occasion to rethink deontic concepts, taking advantage of centuries of systematic reflections on these topics. Some comparison with notions currently used in Euro‐American normative theories and metaethical principles is offered in order to show possible points of contact and deep divergences. In more detail, after an introduction explaining the methodology and aims of our work, we discuss how Mīmāṃsā authors distinguished and defined some fundamental deontic concepts, such as different types of prescriptions and prohibitions. We then discuss how Mīmāṃsā authors approached the problem of conflicts among commands without jeopardising the validity of the normative text issuing them. In the second part of the article we introduce our formal apparatus, which is construed around the main taxonomic and conceptual distinctions used in the first part. Our formal rendering captures the most important features of the Mīmāṃsā theory and can thus serve as a concise and rigorous presentation of it for scholars working in deontic logic.
Effect of Tip Clearance on Rotating Stall in a Mixed-Flow Pump
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Li Enda , Zhou Ling , Agarwal Ramesh K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The non-uniform disturbance in the circumferential direction is the essential cause of the occurrence of rotating stall in a turbomachinery. In order to study the effect of tip clearance leakage flow on rotating stall, the mixed-flow pump models with different tip clearances were numerically calculated, and then the energy performance curves and internal flow structures were obtained and compared. The results show that the pump efficiency and the internal flow field of the numerical calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results. A saddle region appeared in the energy performance curves of the three tip clearances, and with the decrease of clearance, the head and efficiency of the mixed-flow pump increased to varying degrees, but the critical stall point shifted to the large flowrate, and the stable operating range of the mixed-flow pump decreased, which indicating that the mixed-flow pumps were easier to stall under small tip clearance. Under the deep stall condition, the influence of the leakage flow on the end wall area increases gradually with the decrease of clearance. Under the small clearance, the leakage flow flows away from the suction surface for a certain distance to form a number of tip leakage vortex strips with the mainstream action, overflows the leading edge of the next blade, and then flows downstream into different flow passages, aggravating backflow and secondary flow separation at the blade inlet, which seriously damaged the spatial structure of the inlet flow. This resulted in the earlier occurrence of stall. With the increase of tip clearance, the tip leakage vortex develops along the radial direction to the middle of the flow channel and serious flow separation phenomenon occurs in the downstream channel, which induces the deep stall. Under the 0.8 mm tip clearance, the whole impeller outlet passage is almost blocked by the backflow of the guide vane inlet, and a deep stall was induced.
Influence of Boundary Layer Skew on the Tip Leakage Vortex of an Axial Compressor Stator
Authors: Koppe Björn , Lange Martin , Mailach Ronald 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For an axial compressor stator with tip gap, the boundary layer (BL) in the hub endwall region has a significant influence on the development and progression of the tip leakage vortex. Herein, the so-called BL skew, which develops through relative motion of the hub, is of particular interest. Therefore, experimental and numerical investigations of a single axial compressor stator row with varying tip gap height (tip gap height/chord length =2.0%|5.4%|6.7%) have been conducted. Comparing cases with rotating or stationary hub endwall segments upstream of the examined vanes allowed to determine the effect of the skewed and un-skewed inflow BL. The steady-state flow fields up- and downstream of the stator row were measured using five-hole pressure probes. For validation and to improve the understanding of the existing flow phenomena, 3D-Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) CFD simulations using a commercial flow solver were carried out. Furthermore, analog cases with no tip gap were examined and considered in the comparisons to extend the knowledge on this BL characteristic. The results show that the BL skew has a major influence on the trajectory and size of the tip leakage vortex for the cases with tip clearance. The effect of reduction of the produced losses decreases with increasing tip gap height.