bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ROS‐Activatable Nanoassembly Remodulates Tumor Cell Metabolism for Enhanced Ferroptosis Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Li Liqi , Li Yanan , Fei Yang , Xue Chencheng , Yao Xuemei , Zhao Youbo , Wang Xuan , Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is an emerging antitumor option and has demonstrated unique advantages against many tumor indications. However, its efficacy is potentially hindered by the endogenous lipid peroxide‐scavenging mechanisms and the reliance on acidic pH. Herein, a nanointegrated strategy based on clinically‐safe components to synergistically remodel glutathione and lactate metabolism in tumor cells for enhanced ferroptosis therapy is developed. First ferrocene is conjugated on PEGylated polyamidoamine dendrimers via reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐cleavable thioketal linkage, which would further self‐assemble with the glutathione (GSH)‐depleting agent diethyl maleate (DEM) and monocarboxylate transporter 4‐inhibiting siRNA (siMCT4) to afford biostable nanoassemblies (siMCT4‐PAMAM‐PEG‐TK‐Fc@DEM). The nanoassemblies can be activated by the elevated ROS levels in tumor intracellular environment and readily release the incorporated therapeutic contents, afterward DEM can directly conjugate to GSH to disrupt the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)‐mediated antioxidant defense, while siMCT4 can block the MCT4‐mediated efflux of lactic acid and acidify the intracellular milieu, both of which can improve the ferrocene‐catalyzed lipid peroxidation and induce pronounced ferroptotic damage. The siMCT4‐PAMAM‐PEG‐TK‐Fc@DEM nanoplatform demonstrates high ferroptosis‐based antitumor potency and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, which may offer new avenues for the development of more advanced antitumor therapeutics with improved translatability.
Konjac glucomannan: A review of structure, physicochemical properties, and wound dressing applications
Authors: Zhou Ning , Zheng Shengxuan , Xie Wanzhen , Cao Guoyu , Wang Lin , Pang Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNatural bio‐based materials used in wound dressings have been continuously developed in recent years, and have certain advantages in water retention, biocompatibility, and therapeutic properties. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a kind of plant polysaccharide with good cell compatibility and gel properties. Various gels obtained by modification of KGM through physical and chemical methods have great application potential in wound excipients. In the past few years, various KGM‐based wound barrier materials such as hydrogels, xerogel, microspheres, films, and fibers have been continuously researched and developed. The combination of KGM and other polymers can improve the problem of poor mechanical properties and give it new functional properties, which is beneficial to the moisturizing of the wound surface and the release of drugs to promote wound healing. This article reviews the physicochemical properties of KGM and the latest developments in KGM‐based composite gels, reveals the relationship between molecules in KGM‐based composite gels, and looks forward to the research and development prospects of KGM‐based composites in wound dressings.
Personality and early susceptibility to COVID‐19 in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kanazawa Satoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper takes advantage of a unique dataset with a prospectively longitudinal, nationally representative sample (n = 5,178) that began in 1958 and has information on COVID‐19 health status in 2020 to examine the effect of Big Five personality traits on compliance with social distancing requirements and contraction of COVID‐19. The results show some consistency with epidemiological recommendations (Conscientious individuals were more likely to maintain social distance and less likely to contract COVID‐19; men were less likely to comply and more likely to contract) but more inconsistency (Agreeable individuals were more likely to comply with social distancing requirements yet more likely to contract COVID‐19; Open and Neurotic individuals were no less likely to comply yet more likely to contract COVID‐19). The results highlight the importance of Big Five personality factors for behaviour in the global pandemic and may call into question the universal effectiveness of social distancing requirements for all individuals. However, the small number of confirmed cases of COVID‐19 during the early months of the pandemic requires caution in interpretation of the results. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
McConnell's sign: Echocardiography in the management of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Patel Vishal I. , Miles Michelle , Shahangian Sharareh , Javien John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractManagement of acute pulmonary embolism depends immensely on rapid diagnosis and early intervention. Transthoracic echocardiography has gained favorability in scenarios where diagnostic computed tomography angiography is not feasible. McConnell's sign, an echocardiographic finding of segmental right ventricular wall‐motion abnormality with apical sparing, is highly specific and may guide therapeutic intervention. We present the case of a 59‐year‐old man who was found to have acute pulmonary embolism with obstructive shock, managed successfully with thrombolytic therapy after identification of McConnell's sign. We review current literature and develop a framework for the integration of echocardiography into the multimodal approach to management.
Saturated Boronic Acids, Boronates, and Trifluoroborates: An Update on Their Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Gorlova Alina O. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Oleksandr Grygorenko and co‐workers at Enamine Ltd., Institute of Organic Chemistry NAS Ukraine, and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The image depicts a musical allegory for chemical synthesis: a guitar player in a flask, creating notes that become an orgoboron compound. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202102108.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Some [2]Paracyclo[2](5,8)quinoliphane Derivatives with Planar and Central Chirality
Authors: Mazzeo Giuseppe , Ghidinelli Simone , Ruzziconi Renzo , Grandi Marco , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the aim of finding and characterizing new simple organic molecules (SOM) generating circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), we test here nine [2]paracyclo[2](5,8)‐quinoliphane derivatives, whose circular dichroism (CD) spectra were previously measured at short wavelengths in a study encompassing also OR and VCD (CD in the IR). Completion of the CD spectra is carried out with attention paid to weaker and longer wavelength features. The observed signs of the CPL spectra are compared to the signs of the CD band at the longest wavelength and are found coincident except in two cases. The magnitudes of dissymmetry ratios g in luminescence are of the order 10−3, like the corresponding |g| values for the absorption case. TD‐DFT calculations for the two simplest cases provide details on the molecular orbitals involved in the transitions responsible for the observed signals of these molecules. The calculations allow us to provide also a first explanation of the two observed behaviors of the |glum|/|gabs| ratios.
Recent Progress in Circularly Polarized Luminescence of [2.2]Paracyclophane Derivatives
Authors: Teng Jin‐Ming , Zhang Da‐Wei , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract[2.2]Paracyclophane (PCP) and its derivatives have attracted growing widespread interest in recent years due to their unique chemical structures, specific photophysical properties and potential chiroptical activities, especially in the study of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Among the CPL‐active small organic molecules, the introduction of a PCP skeleton with planar chirality is one of the most effective strategies to obtain emitters with both high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and luminescent dissymmetry factors (glum). At present, the development of CPL emitters based on the PCP skeleton is still limited and only a few molecular design strategies have been reported. This review summarizes and discusses the corresponding reports, and the emitters are sorted according to their chemical structures. It is expected that this review can provide researchers with a practical perspective in CPL studies and can provide inspiration for future research on CPL.
Recursive Bayesian computation facilitates adaptive optimal design in ecological studies
Authors: Leach Clinton B. , Williams Perry J. , Eisaguirre Joseph M. , Womble Jamie N. , Bower Michael R. , Hooten Mevin B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOptimal design procedures provide a framework to leverage the learning generated by ecological models to flexibly and efficiently deploy future monitoring efforts. At the same time, Bayesian hierarchical models have become widespread in ecology and offer a rich set of tools for ecological learning and inference. However, coupling these methods with an optimal design framework can become computationally intractable. Recursive Bayesian computation offers a way to substantially reduce this computational burden, making optimal design accessible for modern Bayesian ecological models. We demonstrate the application of so‐called prior‐proposal recursive Bayes to optimal design using a simulated data binary regression and the real‐world example of monitoring and modeling sea otters in Glacier Bay, Alaska. These examples highlight the computational gains offered by recursive Bayesian methods and the tighter fusion of monitoring and science that those computational gains enable.
On the Shape and Synthesis of Extended Fluorenones: Recent Advances and Upcoming Challenges
Authors: Large Benjamin , Prim Damien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExtended fluorenones represent a particular class of polycyclic compounds. The extension of the aromatic system through the fusion of additional benzene rings onto the central tricyclic fluorenone gives rise to an impressive topological diversity and allows to modulate the properties of the original molecule. The multiple ways this aromatic extension can be joined onto the tricyclic core generates multiple spatial arrangements from linear, angular, mixed linear‐angular, to helical. This extensive range of shapes and their subsequent applications has piqued the curiosity of the scientific community, who now creatively compete to develop selective and direct routes to these valuable molecular architectures. Potential applications of these diverse domains have also driven the development of strategies for the installation of various substituents at selected sites of the carbon backbone. This Review intends to provide the reader with an up‐to‐date overview of the methods for constructing extended fluorenones and their properties.
Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed α,β‐Homodiarylation of Vinyl Esters in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Trzepizur Damian , Brodzka Anna , Koszelewski Dominik , Wilk Monika , Ostaszewski Ryszard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed 1,2‐diarylation of vinyl esters with arylboronic acids in water has been developed. This newly elaborated protocol features a good functional group tolerance and provides one‐step access to 1,2‐diarylethanol derivatives under mild reaction conditions. The presented reaction can be carried out in the water at ambient temperature without the addition of any ligands, what makes this procedure environmentally benign. The transformation occurs within a single catalytic cycle and is feasible due to the modification of transition metal catalytic activity through the influence of π‐acceptor olefin (benzoquinone) as well as water as a medium. Moreover, this protocol allows to generate entire compound libraries (highly profitable in medicinal chemistry) and utilizes sustainable arylboronic acids as coupling partners under mild conditions. It is also noted that the structure of boron moiety has a great impact on the reaction selectivity, the usage of sterically hindered esters of arylboronic acids influence the reaction course towards stilbenes.
Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11p, LTE and 5G in connected vehicles for cooperative awareness
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Naeem , Katz Marcos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, researchers and scientists are continuously striving to design and develop advance wireless technologies for vehicular communication. Advanced short‐range (IEEE‐802.11p/ITS‐G5) and long‐range (LTE, LTE‐A, and 5G) technologies are indispensable for Vehicular Ad hoc networking (VANETs). Meanwhile, exploiting technologies for cooperative awareness of connected vehicles is important for seamless network connectivity in hazardous situations. For seamless network availability, there is a need to integrate short‐range and long‐range technologies together. In this article, we design a pilot platform based on IEEE‐802.11p, LTE and 5G test network (5GTN) utilizing road traffic and weather information. The use of real‐time and accurate road traffic and weather information together with road condition information is crucial to enhance road safety. To deliver updated road weather and traffic information, we have used a combination of networks. In this article, a comparison of vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) pilot scenarios was carried out considering the mentioned networks. The used IEEE 802.11p acts as a primary vehicular communication channel, assisted by other cellular‐based LTE and 5G networks. Network performance was analyzed by considering latency, packet loss, and throughput in V2V and V2I scenarios. These pilot measurements revealed that the state‐of‐the‐art 5G test network performs better in contrast of IEEE‐802.11p and LTE network by delivering real‐time road weather and road traffic observation data. These pilots filed measurements show the potential of combining short‐ and long‐range technologies for enhanced road safety.
Trainee participation does not adversely affect the safety of thyroid surgery: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Raghupathy Jaivikash , Song Harris Jun Jie Muhammad Danial , Yeo Brian Sheng Yep , Samuel Miny , See Anna , Parameswaran Rajeev 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurgical traineeship is essential but must be safe for patients. In thyroid surgery, surgeon volume correlates with improved clinical/economic outcomes. However, it is presently unclear how far does trainee participation affect post‐thyroidectomy complication rates in real‐world and randomized data. We systematically searched four databases for associations of trainee participation with any post‐thyroidectomy outcome. We conducted univariate meta‐analyses, sensitivity analyses, and assessed publication bias qualitatively and quantitatively. We included 1 randomized and 15 observational studies from 3755 records, comprising 34 774 thyroid surgical patients. Trainee participation was associated with 12 min longer operative time, but not higher complication rates (hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, hematoma, blood loss, return to operating room, hospitalization duration, readmission, and mortality). Sensitivity, publication bias, and multivariate analyses did not change our findings. Real‐world and limited randomized data suggest that trainee participation in thyroid surgery is safe, given adequate consultant supervision and appropriate case selection.
Colchicine, COVID‐19 and hematological parameters: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarwar Musharraf , Ali Zahid , Fatima Mahnoor , Sarfraz Zouina , Sarfraz Azza , Cherrez‐Ojeda Ivan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionColchicine has the potential in reducing patient morbidity and mortality in COVID‐19 infection owing to its anti‐inflammatory properties. This study aims to determine the efficacy of colchicine in optimizing inflammatory hematological biomarker levels among COVID‐19 patients.MethodsIn accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement guidelines, a systematic search was conducted using the following keywords: Colchicine, covid*, SARS‐CoV‐2, anti‐inflammatory, trials, clinical, hematological, laboratory. Databases were searched from December 2019 until August 26, 2021: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and EMBASE. Other sources were located through ClinicalTrials.Gov, manually searching SAGE, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The meta‐analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.ResultsIn total, six studies were included, of which four reported c‐reactive protein (CRP) standardized mean reductions in the colchicine group (N = 165) as opposed to the control (N = 252; SMD = −0.49, p < 0.001). On noting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values post treatment, the colchicine group (N = 204) showed significant reductions at the end of treatment compared to control (N = 290; SMD = −0.85, p < 0.001). Finally, the D‐dimer values in colchicine groups (N = 129) compared to control (N = 216) also documented a negative effect size (SMD = −0.9, p < 0.001).ConclusionColchicine has efficacy in reducing inflammatory biomarkers observed in moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 patients. It may be worthwhile to consider monitoring the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients in further trials to consider colchicine as a strong candidate for an adjunct to COVID‐19 treatment.
Myofibrillar protein composite gels: effect of esterified potato starch, lard and peanut oil on the gel properties
Authors: Wu Mangang , Hu Juan , Gu Xiangchun , Wang Qingling , Wei Ranran , Wang Jiahao , Li Zhikun , Liu Rui , Ge Qingfeng , Yu Hai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeat‐induced composite gels were prepared with 20 g kg−1 myofibrillar protein (MP) sol, 20 g kg−1 modified starch and 100 g kg−1 lipid pre‐emulsified by MP in 0.6 mol L−1 NaCl, at pH 6.2. The effects of esterified potato starch (EPS) and emulsified lipid (lard or peanut oil) on the rheology, texture properties and nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of MP gel were evaluated.RESULTSThe addition of starch and lipid significantly improved the gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) of the MP gel. Analysis of the relaxation time compared with the WHC tests showed that the variation range of the transverse T22 relaxation time of a gel was positively proportional to changes in WHC of the composite gel, and the lower the T22 relaxation time, the better the WHC of composite gel. Moreover, MP gel with starch and emulsified lard added at the same time has the lowest T2 relaxation time, and also the best WHC of the gel. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that emulsified oil droplets embedded the gaps in the protein network, and the gelatinized starch contributed to restrict the oil droplet size, resulting in thicker MP gel.CONCLUSIONEmulsified lipid and modified starch have an important influence on the rheology and microstructure of MP gels, indicating the subtle interaction between starch, lipid and protein. The results suggest the potential feasibility of modified starch and vegetable oil to improve the textural properties in comminuted meat products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Abstract thinking as a risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in student paramedics
Authors: McKinnon Aimee , Lorenz Hjördis , Salkovskis Paul , Wild Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbstract cognitive processing is characterized by “why?” and “what if?” questions and associated with processes such as rumination and worry. The tendency to think abstractly in response to stress has not been examined as a longitudinal risk factor for later stress reactions. The present study evaluated the extent to which an abstract thinking style could represent a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in student paramedics over a 6‐month follow‐up period. Student paramedics (N = 89) recruited from universities in the United Kingdom were assessed for baseline symptoms, abstract thinking, and cognitive responses to stressful memories; a follow‐up assesment was conducted 6 months later in their training. All participants were exposed to a potentially traumatic event between baseline and follow‐up. Baseline symptoms and trauma history accounted for 45% of the variation in follow‐up posttraumatic symptoms, with abstract thinking style explaining an additional 2.5% over and above what could be predicted from initial symptom levels. Abstract thinking was moderately related to rumination in response to stressful memories, r = .45, and correlated with follow‐up symptoms of PTSD, r = .49; anxiety, r = .40; and depression, r = .27. This study builds on previous work suggesting that abstract processing mode and abstract rumination are risk factors for PTSD. Abstract thinking in response to stress represents a potentially modifiable risk factor that could be targeted by a resilience‐focused intervention for individuals likely to encounter traumatic events.
A comparison of methods to assess the resistance of reinforcing steel against chloride‐induced corrosion in concrete—Particular consideration of 12% chromium steel
Authors: Boschmann Käthler Carolina , Ebell Gino , Keßler Sylvia , Schiegg Yves , Dauberschmidt Christoph , Angst Ueli M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe critical chloride content Ccrit is an indicator of the corrosion resistance of reinforcing steels in concrete. In this article, several experimental methods for determining the critical chloride content Ccrit of mild and alloyed (12% Cr) steel in cementitious materials are compared. The methods used include accelerated polarization tests and tests employing more natural (unpolarized) conditions in which chloride ingress occurs by diffusion and capillary uptake. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are discussed, in particular, against the objective of reaching a compromise between applicability to practice and feasibility in laboratory testing.
High‐Resolution 3D Printing of Mechanically Tough Hydrogels Prepared by Thermo‐Responsive Poloxamer Ink Platform
Authors: Imani Kusuma Betha Cahaya , Jo Ara , Choi Gyeong Min , Kim Beogyeong , Chung Jin‐Woong , Lee Heon Sang , Yoon Jinhwan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh‐resolution 3D‐printable hydrogels with high mechanical strength and biocompatibility are in great demand because of their potential applications in numerous fields. In this study, a material system comprising Pluronic F‐127 dimethacrylate (FDMA) is developed to function as a direct ink writing (DIW) hydrogel for 3D printing. FDMA is a triblock copolymer that transforms into micelles at elevated temperatures. The transformation increases the viscosity of FDMA and preserves its structure during DIW 3D printing, whereupon the printed structure is solidified through photopolymerization. Because of this viscosity shift, various functionalities can be incorporated through the addition of other materials in the solution state. Acrylic acid is incorporated into the pregel solution to enhance the mechanical strength, because the carboxylate group of poly(acrylic acid) ionically crosslinks with Fe3+, increasing the toughness of the DIW hydrogel 37 times to 2.46 MJ m−3. Tough conductive hydrogels are also 3D printed by homogenizing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate into the pregel solution. Furthermore, the FDMA platform developed herein uses DIW, which facilitates multicartridges 3D printing, and because all the materials included are biocompatible, the platform may be used to fabricate complex structures for biological applications.