bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Methodologies for AssessingPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiaeColonization and Effector-Mediated Hypersensitive Response in Kiwifruit
Authors: Jayaraman Jay , Chatterjee Abhishek , Hunter Shannon , Chen Ronan , Stroud Erin A. , Saei Hassan , Hoyte Stephen , Deroles Simon , Tahir Jibran , Templeton Matthew D. , Brendolise Cyril 
Published: April 2021

The infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit is currently assessed by numerous methodologies, each with their own limitations. Most studies are based on either a laborious method of growth quantification of the pathogen or qualitative assessments by visual scoring following stem or cutting inoculation. Additionally, when assessing for resistance against specific pathogen effectors, confounding interactions between multiple genes in the pathogen can make mapping resistance phenotypes nearly impossible. Here, we present robust alternative methods to quantify pathogen load based on rapid bacterial DNA quantification by PCR, the use of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and a transient reporter eclipse assay for assessing resistance conferred by isolated bacterial avirulence genes. These assays compare well with bacterial plate counts to assess bacterial colonization as a result of plant resistance activation. The DNA-based quantification, when coupled with the P. fluorescens and reporter eclipse assays to independently identify bacterial avirulence genes, is rapid, highly reproducible, and scalable for high-throughput screens of multiple cultivars or genotypes. Application of these methodologies will allow rapid and high-throughput identification of resistant cultivars and the bacterial avirulence genes they recognize, facilitating resistance gene discovery for plant breeding programs.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Different Medial Linkage Mechanisms in Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Walking Ability in Subjects with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Seyyedzadeh Hanieh , Arazpour Mokhtar , Saeedi Hassan , Mousavi Mohammad Ebrahim , Golchin Navid 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study evaluated the efficacy of two different medial linkage mechanisms (sliding mechanism [SM] and medial linkage mechanism associated with reciprocating gait motion (MLRGM), used within otherwise identical knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) on patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
Three volunteer subjects with SCI were fitted with a KAFO equipped with 1) an SM and 2) a medial linkage mechanism (MLRGM). Subjects walked at their self-selected speed along a flat walkway to enable a comparison of walking speed, endurance, and the resulting physiological cost index to be performed.

Results
The use of a KAFO fitted with the MLRGM resulted in improvements in walking speed, distance walked, and energy costs when compared with the more standard SM. However, the time required to don the KAFO increased with use of the MLRGM, but doffing time was approximately equal for both types.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the use of a KAFO with an MLRGM could provide significant benefits for patients with SCI when compared with a KAFO with a standard SM.
Digital Parenting
Authors: K Kavitha , Sikandar Basheerahamed J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Parenting helps socialization in children. The inevitable presence of digital media has a major impact on parent–child relationships and parenting skills. The increased use of digital devices, such as smartphones and tablets, by children forces the parents to change their parenting styles. Digital parenting refers to a process adopted by parents to monitor and regulate the activities of their young ones in handling digital devices. The main aim of this style is to protect their children from various online dangers. Parents need to use several approaches for regulating digital media behaviors of children, such as setting limits, practicing constructive discipline, spending time with their kids, and so forth. However, there are challenges associated with digital parenting. Some of the issues include unlimited access to Internet, parents’ job, reverse socialization, and so on. Pediatric nurses can help parents in successfully managing digital parenting styles through education and advocacy as part of health promotion activities of pediatric clients both in hospital and community settings.
Buschke-Lowenstein Tumors: A Review and Proposed Classification System
Authors: Davis Kurt G. , Barton Jeffrey S. , Orangio Guy , Bivin William , Krane Spencer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Buschke-Lowenstein (B-L) tumors or giant condylomata are large fungating lesions that are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and develop in the anogenital region. Although uncommon, physicians and surgeons who treat sexually transmitted diseases or other diseases involving the anogenital area will encounter these patients. The purpose of this study is to review the current literature regarding these lesions. We evaluated every published study in PubMed and Embase from 1925 to 2020, concentrating on the clinical data included in each report, such as presentation and treatment. We also evaluated each work for any definition used and found that there is no accepted definition for these lesions. As such, we provide an inclusive, workable definition. In addition, there are many misconceptions about B-L that continue to be propogated as more case reports are published every year. After evaluating every published case, we refute the fact that these lesions have a high mortality or a high malignancy rate. Furthermore, we refute that these lesions are synonymous with verrucous carcinoma. In addition to a definition, we also propose a simple grading system that we hope can be used to assist in the study and management of these patients moving forward. Although the literature is very heterogenous regarding B-L, they are caused by HPV and are distinct from verrucous carcinoma. Because of the majority of information is based on case reports, the literature concentrates on treatment, but more work is clearly needed to delineate the association with specific HPV types and optimal management of this disease.
An Incidental Finding of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Type 3 During a Forensic Autopsy for a Sudden Infant Death
Authors: D'Hondt Diona , Van Hoyweghen Astrid , Broeckx Glenn , Pauwels Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), previously known as congenital cystic airway malformation, is a developmental disorder of the lower respiratory tract. It is subdivided into 5 types based on clinical and pathologic features. Type 3, an adenomatoid type of CPAM, is the second rarest form of CPAM, occurring in approximately 5% of all CPAM cases. This article reports an autopsy of a nearly 11-week-old male infant, found unresponsive in bed with his mother. She had fallen asleep after breastfeeding a few hours prior. Although the autopsy and additional technical examinations did not uncover the exact cause of death, CPAM type 3 was eventually identified on histological examination. Taking into account the context of this case, in which accidental asphyxia/neglect could not be ruled out, it is thought that the presence of CPAM might have contributed to the demise of the infant. As CPAM is a rare congenital disorder, the diagnosis could easily be missed. Therefore, this article aims to raise awareness of this diagnosis and points out the clinical and pathologic features of this disorder.
The Association of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures with Naso-Orbitoethmoid Fractures in Pediatric Populations
Authors: Yesantharao Pooja S. , Lopez Joseph , Chang Amy , Hicks Jacqueline , Reategui Maria L. , Thomas Gianni , Manson Paul N. , Dorafshar Amir , Redett Richard J. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Naso-orbitoethmoid fractures associated with ipsilateral zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures are more challenging injuries than zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures alone. However, there is a paucity of information on this complex fracture pattern in the pediatric population. This study investigated the cause, treatment, and outcomes of combined zygomaticomaxillary complex and naso-orbitoethmoid fractures versus isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures in pediatric patients.

Methods:
This was a 25-year retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who presented to a single institution with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Baseline patient demographics and clinical information, and concomitant injuries, treatment/operative management, and postoperative complications/deformities were recorded and compared between patients with combined zygomaticomaxillary complex and naso-orbitoethmoid fractures and patients with isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.

Results:
Forty-nine patients were identified to have had zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures in the authors’ 25-year study period, of whom 46 had adequate clinical documentation and follow-up. Seventeen patients had combined zygomaticomaxillary complex–naso-orbitoethmoid fractures, of whom six had panfacial fractures. Both patient groups (zygomaticomaxillary complex only and combined zygomaticomaxillary complex–naso-orbitoethmoid fractures) were similar in terms of demographics. However, a significantly greater proportion of combined fracture patients experienced postoperative complications compared to isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture patients, even after excluding those with panfacial fractures (87.5 percent versus 35.3 percent; p < 0.001). Enophthalmos (37.5 percent) and midface growth restriction (37.5 percent) were the two most common complications/deformities in all combined fracture patients.

Conclusions:
High-impact trauma can lead to zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures with associated naso-orbitoethmoid fractures in children. This injury pattern was found to cause significantly greater postoperative morbidity than isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures alone. Thus, pediatric patients presenting with this complex facial fracture pattern should be closely monitored.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Physical and Cognitive Training to Enhance Intensive Care Unit Survivors’ Cognition
Authors: Lasiter Sue , Chrisman Matthew , Snodgrass Britney , Thompson Marie , Harmon Katherine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine current literature regarding effects of physical or cognitive training and simultaneous (dual-task) physical and cognitive training on cognition in adults surviving an intensive care unit (ICU) stay.

Design
Systematic mapping.

Methods
A literature search was conducted to examine effects of physical and/or cognitive training on cognitive processes.

Results
Few studies have targeted adults surviving ICU. Independently, physical and cognitive interventions improved cognition in healthy older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Simultaneous interventions may improve executive function. Small sample size and heterogeneity of interventions limited the ability to make inferences.

Conclusion
Literature supports positive effects of single- and dual-task training on recovering cognition in adults. This training could benefit ICU survivors who need to regain cognitive function and prevent future decline.

Relevance to Practice
With the growing number of ICU survivors experiencing cognitive deficits, it is essential to develop and test interventions that restore cognitive function in this understudied population.
The Triangular Dart Flap
Authors: Steele Thomas N. , Blaha Lauren E. , Madan Olivia P. , Walker Nicholas J. , Marks Malcolm W. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Reconstruction of soft tissue defects after skin cancer excision remains a challenge. Options for reconstruction are numerous, including primary repair, local tissue rearrangement, and skin grafts, among others. In this series, the authors present a novel technique: The triangular dart flap. This is a single-stage tissue rearrangement that uses the redundant tissue of the dog-ear to aid in the closure of these wounds.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing local tissue rearrangements by the senior author from 2009 to 2018. Factors were collected and analyzed, including age, size and cause of defect, comorbidities, smoking history, and postoperative complications.

Results
Twenty-four patients underwent reconstruction with a triangular dart flap for repair of malignant defects. Mean defect size was 7.3 cm2 (0.8–20 cm2), and mean repair size was 29.7 cm2 (6–80 cm2). Initial pathology included basal cell carcinoma (45.8%), melanoma in situ (29.2%), and squamous cell carcinoma (16.7%), among others. Location varied widely among face and extremities. Anesthesia was predominantly local only (79.1%). There were no major complications, and 5 (20.8%) minor complications.

Conclusions
The triangular dart flap is a novel single-stage procedure, generally performed under local anesthesia only, for correction of Mohs defects. By using the redundant tissue of dog-ears to better approximate the wound edges, a tension-free primary closure can be achieved in sensitive areas, such as the nasal tip.
Online Reviews in a Major City
Authors: Gibstein Alexander R. , Yang Angela , Thorne Charles , Bradley James P. , Tanna Neil 
Published: April 2021

Objective
A large factor influencing a patient’s choice of aesthetic plastic surgeons is online patient reviews.

Methods/Technique
Plastic surgeons whose practices are located in counties within the New York metro area were included. Selected surgeons were divided into private and academic surgeons (defined as having a residency program). For each surgeon, the quantity and quality of their Google reviews were collected.

Results/Complications
A total of 145 aesthetic surgeons from the New York area were included in the study, both private (n = 126) and academic (n = 19). Given the small size of the latter cohort, 19 private aesthetic surgeons were randomly selected, and compared with the academic surgeons, it was shown that private surgeons had both higher average quality and quantity of online patient Google reviews (confidence interval, 95%; P = 0.0223). Similar results were found when comparing all private American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) surgeons (n = 126) with all academic ASAPS surgeons (n = 19); private ASAPS surgeons had a higher average rating and number of reviews when compared with academic surgeons, again representing a statistically significant difference for the quality of online reviews between private and academic surgeons (confidence interval, 95%; P = 0.031975).

Conclusions
There is a statistically significant difference in both the quality and quantity of online ratings for private and academic aesthetic surgeons.
Epidemiology of Craniofacial Pathology in Northern Vietnam Using Digital Platforms
Authors: Kimia Rotem , Thom Dang Hoang , Dinh Phuong Tran , Hung Pham Tuan , Van Son Nguyen , Nguyen Phuong D. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Current disease surveillance in Vietnam relies on underdeveloped electronic medical record (EMR) systems, which are insufficient for timely standardized data collection about craniofacial and cleft pathologies. Concurrently, the World Bank reports Vietnamese mobile cellular subscription rates (per 100 people) of 128, some of the highest in the world. Herein, we discuss the development of a short messaging service (SMS)–based surveillance system based in Hanoi, Vietnam, and its utility in contrast to an EMR-based approach to craniofacial epidemiology study.

Methods
Vietnam National Children's Hospital (VNCH) is a pediatric tertiary care center serving approximately 12 million children. Four plastic surgeons were trained in SMS data entry. The SMS database was designed using FrontlineSMS, a 2-way mobile gateway software application with automated messaging capabilities. The VNCH EMR database was queried for individual demographic data for patients seen by the department from 2010 to 2019.

Results
A corrected prevalence for cleft lip and palate of 0.098% (1 in 1020 live births) was calculated based on EMR data. Six rural provinces greater than 150 km from Hanoi were found to be significantly (P < 0.01) underserved surgically by the VNCH. A significantly (P < 0.01) higher rate of Pierre Robin in Lang Son province and facial clefts in Ha Tinh province were identified. The prospective data collection system received 7 patient data sets over 4 months, resulting in a capture rate of 2.9%.

Conclusions
This feasibility study offers valuable insight into the true cleft and craniofacial prevalence in Vietnam and alternative methods to study in low- and middle-income countries.
Numerical Simulation of Concussive-generated Cortical Spreading Depolarization to Optimize DC-EEG Electrode Spacing for Non-invasive Visual Detection
Authors: Hund Samuel J. , Brown Benjamin R. , Lemale Coline L. , Menon Prahlad G. , Easley Kirk A. , Dreier Jens P. , Jones Stephen C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCortical Spreading Depolarization (SD) is a propagating depolarization wave of neurons and glial cells in the cerebral gray matter. SD occurs in all forms of severe acute brain injury as documented using invasive detection methods. Based on many experimental studies of mechanical brain deformation and concussion, the occurrence of SDs in human concussion has often been hypothesized. However, this hypothesis cannot be confirmed in humans as SDs can only be detected with invasive detection methods that would require either a craniotomy or a burr hole to be performed on athletes. Typical electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes, placed on the scalp, can detect the possible presence of SD but have not been able to accurately and reliably identify SDs.MethodsTo explore the possibility of a non-invasive method to resolve this hurdle, we developed a finite element numerical model that simulates scalp voltage changes that are induced by a brain-surface SD. We then compared our simulation results with retrospectively evaluated data in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients from Drenckhahn et al. (Brain 135:853, 2012).ResultsThe ratio of peak scalp to simulated peak cortical voltage, Vscalp/Vcortex, was 0.0735, whereas the ratio from the retrospectively evaluated data was 0.0316 (0.0221, 0.0527) [median (1stquartile, 3rdquartile), n = 161, p < 0.001, one sample Wilcoxon signed rank test]. These differing values provide validation because their differences can be attributed to differences in shape between concussive- and aSAH-SDs, as well as the inherent limitations in human study voltage measurements. This simulated scalp surface potential was used to design a virtual scalp detection array. Error analysis and visual reconstruction showed that 1 cm is the optimal electrode spacing to visually identify the propagating scalp voltage from a cortical SD. Electrode spacings of 2 cm and above produce distorted images and high errors in the reconstructed image.ConclusionOur analysis suggests that concussive (and other) SDs can be detected from the scalp, which could confirm SD occurrence in human concussion, provide concussion diagnosis based on an underlying physiological mechanism, and lead to non-invasive SD detection in the setting of severe acute brain injury.
Prioritizing the effective strategies for construction and demolition waste management using fuzzy IDOCRIW and WASPAS methods
Authors: Eghbali-Zarch Maryam , Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Reza , Dehghan-Sanej Kazem , Kaboli Amin 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The construction industry is a key driver of economic growth. However, the adverse impacts of construction and demolition waste (CDW) resulted from the active construction projects on the economy, environment, public health and social life necessitates an appropriate control and management of this waste stream. Developing and promoting the construction and demolition waste management (CDWM) hierarchy program at the strategic level is essential.

Design/methodology/approach
This study aims to propose a hybrid decision model that hybridizes the Integrated Determination of Objective Criteria Weights (IDOCRIW) and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) under a fuzzy environment.

Findings
The proposed method ranks the potential strategic alternatives by the sustainable development criteria to improve the performance of CDWM. As indicated in the results, the fuzzy approach in the decision-making process enables the transformation of linguistic variables into fuzzy numbers that show uncertainty and ambiguity in real-world systems. Moreover, the close correlation between the final ranking of the proposed methodology and the average priority order of the strategic alternatives obtained by five different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods implies the validity of the model performance.

Practical implications
This proposed model is an appropriate tool to effectively decide on the development of CDWM from a strategic point of view. It aims to establish an MCDM framework for the evaluation of effective strategies for CDWM according to the indices of sustainable development. Implementing proper operational plans and conducting research in CDWM has the highest priority, and enacting new and more stringent laws, rules and regulations against the production of CDW has secondary priority. This study contributes to the field by optimizing the CDWM by applying the top-priority strategies resulted from the proposed fuzzy hybrid MCDM methodology by the decision-makers or policy-makers to reach the best managerial strategic plan.

Originality/value
In the proposed methodology, the IDOCRIW technique is utilized and updated with the triangular fuzzy numbers for the first time in the literature to derive the weights of sustainable development criteria. The fuzzy WASPAS method is utilized for evaluation and providing a final ranking of the strategic alternatives.
Suicidal thoughts among undocumented migrants in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Lena M.C. , Hjern Anders , Ascher Henry 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Early identification of persons at risk is essential in suicide prevention. Undocumented migrants (UM) live under limited conditions and are to a high degree invisible, both in research and in suicide prevention programmes. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence rates of suicidal thoughts among UM in Sweden.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study was part of the Swedish Health Research on Undocumented Migrants project (SHERUM). The study population consisted of 104 UM over 18 years of age recruited through informal networks. Data on 112 multiple choice questions was collected via trained interviewers in Gothenburg, Stockholm and Malmö during 2014–2016. To assess suicidal thoughts (the last two weeks) one item asking about suicidal thought in the Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI-II) was used. Logistic regression and chi-square analyses were made to identify risk and protective factors.

Findings
Suicidal thoughts were found in 43.2% of the 88 UM that answered the question on suicidal thoughts. Being a parent had some protective influence on the prevalence of suicidal thoughts while the housing situation, having been exposed to crime and having mental illness were all statistically significant risk factors for suicidal thoughts. However, due to low sample size, few variables presented statistically significant differences.

Originality/value
This study presents an alarmingly high prevalence of suicidal thoughts among undocumented migrants in Sweden, a difficult-to reach, vulnerable and rarely studied group. Targeted strategies are imperative to include undocumented migrants in suicidal prevention programmes.