bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreting the Time‐Resolved Photoluminescence of Quasi‐2D Perovskites
Authors: Kaiser Milian , Li Yang , Allegro Isabel , Richards Bryce S. , Paetzold Ulrich Wilhelm , Howard Ian A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOptical excitation of quasi‐2D perovskites leads to excited‐state populations of excitons, free charge carriers, or a mixture of both, depending on the type and amount of 2D spacer used. The fluence dependence of three quantities: 1) the time‐resolved photoluminescence decay, 2) the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) after pulsed excitation, and 3) the initial rate of photon emission, allow the mixture of excited states present to be determined. These can be described by a simple model considering noninteracting populations of excitons and charge carriers in separate subvolumes of the film. The model reproduces all unique features of the data, such as the anomalous peak of the PLQY at intermediate fluences, due to bimolecular free carrier emission gaining efficiency before exciton–exciton annihilation reduces the exciton emission efficiency. The excited state population varies from 100% excitons in films made from high concentrations of butylamine spacers to ≈7% excitons and 93% free carriers for low concentrations of 1‐naphthylmethylamine spacers. The effective rates of free carrier recombination and exciton–exciton annihilation are high, often on the order of 1 × 10−9 cm3 s−1. The implications for the different excited‐state populations and their dynamics in terms of device engineering are discussed.
Interrupted CuAAC‐Thiolation for the Construction of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Fused Eight‐Membered Heterocycles from O‐/N‐Propargyl derived Benzyl Thiosulfonates with Organic Azides
Authors: Jannapu Reddy Raju , Waheed Md. , Haritha Kumari Arram , Rama Krishna Gamidi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA copper(I)‐catalyzed interrupted click‐sulfenylation of O‐/N‐propargyl benzyl thiosulfonates with organic azides has been disclosed. The unified CuAAC‐thiolation provides a wide range of triazole‐fused eight‐membered heterocycles in good to high (51–94%) yields under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, a three‐component reaction is also achieved involving O‐/N‐propargyl benzyl thiosulfonates, benzyl bromide, and sodium azide to deliver fused‐triazoles in 61–74% yields. From a synthetic point of view, the present protocol has been demonstrated at gram‐scale reactions. A plausible mechanism is also proposed based on experimental results and control experiments.magnified image
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma staging may influence management in users: A survey study
Authors: Patel Vishal A. , McCullum Catherine , Sparks Andrew D. , Schmults Chrysalyne D. , Arron Sarah T , Jambusaria‐Pahlajani Anokhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to determine whether there is consensus regarding staging and management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) across the various specialties that manage this disease.Materials and MethodsA survey regarding CSCC high‐risk features, staging, and management was created and emailed to cutaneous oncology experts including dermatology, head and neck surgery/surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and medical oncology.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐six (46%) of 357 invited physicians completed the survey. Depth of invasion (92%), perineural invasion (99%), histologic differentiation (85%), and patient immunosuppression (90%) achieved consensus (>80%) as high‐risk features of CSCC. Dermatologists were more likely to also choose clinical tumor diameter (79% vs. 54%) and histology (99% vs. 66%) as a high‐risk feature. Dermatologists were also more likely to utilize the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) staging system alone or in conjunction with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (71%), whereas other cancer specialists (OCS) tend to use only AJCC (71%). Respondents considered AJCC T3 and higher (90%) and BWH T2b and higher (100%) to be high risk and when they consider radiologic imaging, sentinel lymph node biopsy, post‐operative radiation therapy, and increased follow‐up. Notably, a large number of respondents do not use staging systems or tumor stage to determine treatment options beyond surgery in high‐risk CSCC.ConclusionThis survey study highlights areas of consensus and differences regarding the definition of high‐risk features of CSCC, staging approaches, and management patterns between dermatologists and OCS. High‐risk CSCC is defined as, but not limited to, BWH T2b and higher and AJCC T3 and higher, and these thresholds can be used to identify cases for which treatment beyond surgery may be considered. Dermatologists are more likely to utilize BWH staging, likely because BWH validation studies showing advantages over AJCC were published in dermatology journals and discussed at dermatology meetings. Additional data are necessary to develop a comprehensive risk‐based management approach for CSCC.
Priapism as the first manifestation in chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and focused review of literature
Authors: Sossa Melo Claudia Lucia , Orozco Orozco Carlos Alberto , Peña Castellanos Angela Maria , Rueda Perea Maria Alejandra , Porras Bueno Cristian Orlando , Romero Diaz Carlos Ivan , Rojas Rodríguez Helga Natalia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a patient who was initially presented with ischemic priapism to the emergency department. He was treated with adrenaline intracavernous injections and aspiration with irrigation of the corpora cavernosa and distal shunt. In the postoperative period, anemia, basophilia, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and hyperleukocytosis were detected. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia.Priapism is a rare manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia (≤ 3%) and occurs mostly due to hyperleukocytosis, resulting in thrombus formation and corporal venous outflow obstruction. Priapism occurring in any setting is considered as a medical emergency that requires immediate local therapy because of resulting irreversible cell damage and fibrosis if not treated within the first 24–48 h.
Bilateral cataract surgery in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata): A case report
Authors: Miwa Yukihiro , Komatsu Hiroyuki , Shinojima Ari , Oda Ayako , Inagaki Mao , Usami Kensuke , Akasaka Minori , Kobayashi Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 7.5‐year‐old intact male Japanese macaque was presented for evaluation of vision loss. After a complete ophthalmic examination, the patient was diagnosed with hypermature cataract in both eyes. After the cataract surgery, it was able to locate food and walk in a straight line.
Continuous infusion of piperacillin‐tazobactam significantly improves target attainment in children with cancer and fever
Authors: Maarbjerg Sabine F. , Thorsted Anders , Friberg Lena E. , Nielsen Elisabet I. , Wang Mikala , Schrøder Henrik , Albertsen Birgitte K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with febrile neutropenia commonly exhibit alterations of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, leading to decreased β‐lactam concentrations.AimsThis study evaluated piperacillin PK and probability of target attainment (PTA) with continuous infusion of piperacillin‐tazobactam, in order to optimize the dosing regimen.MethodsThis prospective PK study included children with cancer, aged 1–17 years, who were treated with piperacillin‐tazobactam for suspected or verified infection. A piperacillin‐tazobactam loading dose (100 mg/kg) was administered followed by continuous infusion (300 mg/kg/day). The unbound fraction of piperacillin was quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography and PK were described using population PK modeling. PK data was used to update and extend a previous PK model built on data following intermittent administration. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess PTA for targets of 100% time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (100% fT > MIC) and 50% fT > 4xMIC.ResultsWe included 68 fever episodes among 38 children with a median (IQR) age of 6.5 years and body weight of 27.4 kg (15.1–54.0). A three‐compartment model adequately described the concentration‐time data. Median (95% confidence interval) estimates for clearance and piperacillin concentration at steady state were 14.2 L/h/70 kg (13.0; 15.3) and 47.6 mg/L (17.2; 129.5), respectively. Body weight or lean body weight was significantly associated with the PK parameters, and body weight was integrated in the final PK model. Based on piperacillin exposure, continuous infusion was the only dosing regimen to achieve optimal PTA for the P. aeruginosa breakpoint (16 mg/L) with the target of 100% fT > MIC, and a daily dose of 300 mg/kg reached optimal PTA. The strict target of 50% fT > 4xMIC (64 mg/L) was not feasibly attained by any dosing regimen at recommended doses.ConclusionUnlike conventional piperacillin intermittent administration and extended infusion regimens, continuous infusion allows the target of 100% fT > MIC to be reached for children with febrile neutropenia.
The impact of the use of the ACR‐TIRADS as a screening tool for thyroid nodules in a cancer center
Authors: Araruna Bezerra de Melo Rayssa , Menis Fabio , Calsavara Vinicus Fernando , Stefanini Flavio Scavone , Novaes Tullio , Saieg Mauro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) was created to assess risk of thyroid nodules through ultrasound. Plenty classifications methods for thyroid nodules have already been created, but none of them have yet achieved global utilization. This study analyzed the performance of the American College of Radiology (ACR) TIRADS, its reproducibility and the impact of its utilization as a screening method in a large Cancer Center cohort.MethodsThyroid nodules which underwent fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in a 1‐year period were selected, with their ultrasound images retrospectively classified according to the ACR TI‐RADS. Cytological evaluation of the nodules and final histology (whenever available) was used to assess risk of neoplasm (RON) and risk of malignancy (ROM) associated to each ACR‐TIRADS category. Further analyses were also carried out according to recommendation or not of FNA by the ACR‐TIRADS and nodule size. Inter‐observer agreement for the system was also assessed.ResultsA total of 1112 thyroid nodules were included. RON for each category according to final cytological diagnosis was 0% for TR1 and TR2, 2.1% for TR3; 15.6% for TR4 and 68.9% for TR5. No significant difference was observed between the RON of the categories for cases above or below 1.0 cm. Nodules that met the criteria for FNA had 3 times greater chance of a positive outcome. Substantial agreement (kappa 0.77) was seen between two different observers.ConclusionsACR TI‐RADS scoring system has demonstrated to be an accurate method to stratify thyroid nodules in a Cancer Center, with a high reproducibility.
The likelihood of severe COVID‐19 outcomes among PLHIV with various comorbidities: a comparative frequentist and Bayesian meta‐analysis approach
Authors: Wang Haoyi , Jonas Kai J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus can currently pose a serious health threat and can lead to severe COVID‐19 outcomes, especially for populations suffering from comorbidities. Currently, the data available on the risk for severe COVID‐19 outcomes due to an HIV infection with or without comorbidities paint a heterogenous picture. In this meta‐analysis, we summarized the likelihood for severe COVID‐19 outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV) with or without comorbidities.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we utilized PubMed, Web of Science and medRxiv to search for studies describing COVID‐19 outcomes in PLHIV with or without comorbidities up to 25 June 2021. Consequently, we conducted two meta‐analyses, based on a classic frequentist and Bayesian perspective of higher quality studies.Results and discussionWe identified 2580 studies (search period: January 2020–25 June 2021, data extraction period: 1 January 2021–25 June 2021) and included nine in the meta‐analysis. Based on the frequentist meta‐analytical model, PLHIV with diabetes had a seven times higher risk of severe COVID‐19 outcomes (odd ratio, OR = 6.69, 95% CI: 3.03–19.30), PLHIV with hypertension a four times higher risk (OR = 4.14, 95% CI: 2.12–8.17), PLHIV with cardiovascular disease an odds ratio of 4.75 (95% CI: 1.89–11.94), PLHIV with respiratory disease an odds ratio of 3.67 (95% CI: 1.79–7.54) and PLHIV with chronic kidney disease an OR of 9.02 (95% CI: 2.53–32.14) compared to PLHIV without comorbidities. Both meta‐analytic models converged, thereby providing robust summative evidence. The Bayesian meta‐analysis produced similar effects overall, with the exclusion of PLHIV with respiratory diseases who showed a non‐significant higher risk to develop severe COVID‐19 outcomes compared to PLHIV without comorbidities.ConclusionsOur meta‐analyses show that people with HIV, PLHIV with coexisting diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and chronic kidney disease are at a higher likelihood of developing severe COVID‐19 outcomes. Bayesian analysis helped to estimate small sample biases and provided predictive likelihoods. Clinical practice should take these risks due to comorbidities into account and not only focus on the HIV status alone, vaccination priorities should be adjusted accordingly.
The relationship between knee loading during gait and cartilage thickness in nontraumatic and posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Teoli Anthony , Cloutier‐Gendron Melissa , Ho Shirley Y. K. , Gu Susan , Pelletier Jean‐Pierre , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Robbins Shawn M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe relationship between knee moments and markers of knee osteoarthritis progression has not been examined in different knee osteoarthritis subtypes. The objective was to examine relationships between external knee moments during gait and tibiofemoral cartilage thickness in patients with nontraumatic and posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. For this cross‐sectional study, participants with knee osteoarthritis were classified into two groups: nontraumatic (n = 22; mean age 60 years) and posttraumatic (n = 19; mean age 56 years, history of anterior cruciate ligament rupture). Gait data were collected with a three‐dimensional motion capture system sampled at 100 Hz and force plates sampled at 2000 Hz. External knee moments were calculated using inverse dynamics. Cartilage thickness was determined with magnetic resonance imaging (T1‐weighted, 3D sagittal gradient‐echo sequence). Linear regression analyses examined relationships between cartilage thickness with knee moments, group, and their interaction. A higher knee adduction moment impulse was negatively associated with medial to lateral cartilage thickness ratio (B = −1.97). This relationship differed between participants in the nontraumatic osteoarthritis group (r = −0.56) and posttraumatic osteoarthritis group (r = −0.30). A higher late stance knee extension moment was associated with greater medial femoral condyle cartilage thickness (B = −0.86) and medial to lateral cartilage thickness (B = −0.73). These relationships also differed between participants in the nontraumatic osteoarthritis group (r = −0.61 and r = −0.51, respectively) and posttraumatic osteoarthritis group (r = 0.10 and r = 0.25, respectively). Clinical Significance: The relationship between knee moments with tibiofemoral cartilage thickness differs between patients with nontraumatic and posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. The potential influence of mechanical knee loading on articular cartilage may also differ between these subtypes.
Using attenuated‐total‐reflection Fourier‐transformed spectroscopy to reveal molecular structural differences among willow (Salix spp.) foliage cultivars in relation to their potential as fodders
Authors: Ortuño Jordi , Traynor Thomas , Campbell Mairead , Theodoridou Katerina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWillow trees represent a suitable species for the development of agroforestry systems, integrating bioenergy and animal feed production. However, there is a lack of information regarding the suitability of leaves and stems, considered a bioenergy by‐product, as animal feed. The aim of this study was the employment of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (550–4000 cm−1) to investigate differences in the nutrient molecular structure profile of leaves and stems of selected willow cultivars to understand their utility for ruminant nutrition.RESULTSUnivariate analysis of variance of leaves showed lower intensities of cellulosic compounds and higher of protein in comparison with stems, which suggests higher leaf dry matter and protein digestibility. Spectral analyses revealed differences in both plant parts between Salix cv. Terra Nova and Salix cv. Beagle, cv. Resolution, and cv. Olof. The higher α‐helix to β‐sheet ratio, which is related to a higher protein digestibility, was in correlation with the lower content of condensed tannins. Principal component and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analyses showed significant discrimination among willow cultivars in the cellulosic, structural carbohydrate, and amide regions, whereas differences were less evident for total carbohydrate and lipid‐related regions.CONCLUSIONThe application of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared molecular spectroscopy is an effective tool to rapidly identify spectral features related to the nutritional composition of willow foliage and to discriminate between cultivars and parts of the plant. This information would be useful to optimize the use of willow fodders in agroforestry systems. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multitime point pepsin testing can double the rate of the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Zhang Jinhong , Li Jinrang , Zhang Yanping , Nie Qian , Zhang Ran , Wang Xiaoyu , Jiang Xingwang , Wu Yingying , Wu Runze , Bi Xinxin , Cui Xiaohuan , Song Hui , Ran Taotao , Li Lina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the value of multitime point salivary pepsin testing (MTPSPT) for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study DesignProspective noncontrolled.MethodsFor patients who met the enrollment criteria, the reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) were calculated and salivary pepsin testing was performed. The pepsin test was performed every hour from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. by collecting fresh saliva samples. A single positive test result was needed for the diagnosis of LPR. The consistency in the diagnosis of LPR between the two methods was compared with the weighted Cohen's kappa statistic.ResultsA total of 204 patients were included. The kappa value between the two methods was 0.566 (p = .00). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MTPSPT were 76.43%, 85.94%, 92.24%, and 62.5%, respectively. We also compared a single pepsin measure at 7 a.m. with the screening results based on the RSI and RFS, and found a much lower kappa agreement value (0.223, p = .00). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and false‐negative rate of pepsin testing at 7 a.m. (fasting) were 37.86%, 92.18%, 91.38%, 40.41%, and 58.57%, respectively.ConclusionThe use of the result of a single salivary pepsin test in the morning yields a relatively higher rate of missed diagnosis of LPR, and multitime point testing through a day increased the accuracy and sensitivity of detection of LPR twofold compared to a single morning fasting sample.Level of Evidence3
Antioxidative and Anti‐UV Lignin Carrier for Peptide Delivery
Authors: Chee Pei Lin , Sugiarto Sigit , Yu Yong , Tan Ying Chuan , Ye Enyi , Kai Dan , Loh Xian Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere, a sustainable antioxidant carrier based on lignin is developed to deliver palmitoyl tripeptide‐38. The poly(lignin/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polypropylene glycol (PPG) urethane) is polymerized by randomly coupling lignin, PEG and PPG segment blocks using hexamethylene diisocyanate as a crosslinker. The derived poly(lignin/PEG/PPG urethane) loaded with palmitoyl tripeptide‐38, referred to as LM, is designed with careful considerations of both intrinsic and extrinsic causes of skin aging and a two‐way approach is taken on to effectively target the problem of skin aging. Upon exposure to the ultraviolet irradiation, LM successfully protects the cells by reducing the presence of reactive oxygen species, the damage to the antioxidant enzymes, and the expression of MMP‐1. Concurrently, LM also promotes the collagen production for skin repair. It is noteworthy that the collagen I content, in cells exposed to ultraviolet irradiation with LM‐4 and LM‐8 treatment (LM with 4 and 8 µg mL−1 palmitoyl tripeptide‐38, respectively), exceeds that of the control. Overall, this work successfully demonstrates a sustainable carrier with good antioxidant properties that effectively assisted the uptake of palmitoyl tripeptide‐38 by the cells.
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Abnormal Cardiac Image and Progressive Abnormal Metabolic Brain Pattern
Authors: Janzen Annette , Kogan Rosalie V. , Meles Sanne K. , Sittig Elisabeth , Renken Remco J. , Geibl Fanni F. , Booij Jan , Stormezand Gilles , Luster Markus , Mayer Geert , Leenders Klaus L. , Oertel Wolfgang H. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIsolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is prodromal for α‐synucleinopathies.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether pathological cardiac [123I]meta‐iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy ([123I]MIBG) is associated with progression of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography–based Parkinson's disease (PD)‐related brain pattern (PDRP) expression in iRBD.MethodsSeventeen subjects with iRBD underwent [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography brain imaging twice ~3.6 years apart. In addition, [123I]MIBG and [123I]N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography ([123I]FP‐CIT‐SPECT) at baseline were performed. Olfactory, cognitive, and motor functions were tested annually.ResultsTwelve of 17 subjects had pathological [123I]MIBG. At baseline, 6 of 12 of these expressed the PDRP (suprathreshold PDRP z score). At follow‐up, 12 of 17 subjects had suprathreshold PDRP z scores, associated with pathological [123I]MIBG in 92% and with pathological [123I]FP‐CIT‐SPECT in 75%. Subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG had higher PDRP z score change per year (P = 0.027). Three subjects phenoconverted to PD; all had pathological [123I]MIBG and [123I]FP‐CIT‐SPECT, suprathreshold baseline PDRP z scores, and hyposmia.ConclusionsPathological [123I]MIBG was associated with progressive and suprathreshold PDRP z scores at follow‐up. Abnormal [123I]MIBG likely identifies iRBD as prodromal PD earlier than pathological [123I]FP‐CIT‐SPECT. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society