bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion and Word Recognition for Unprocessed and Vocoded Speech Stimuli
Authors: Morgan Shae D. , Garrard Stacy , Hoskins Tiffany 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) show reduced word and auditory emotion recognition abilities relative to their peers with normal hearing. Modern CI processing strategies are designed to preserve acoustic cues requisite for word recognition rather than those cues required for accessing other signal information (e.g., talker gender or emotional state). While word recognition is undoubtedly important for communication, the inaccessibility of this additional signal information in speech may lead to negative social experiences and outcomes for individuals with hearing loss. This study aimed to evaluate whether the emphasis on word recognition preservation in CI processing has unintended consequences on the perception of other talker information, such as emotional state.

Design:
Twenty-four young adult listeners with normal hearing listened to sentences and either reported a target word in each sentence (word recognition task) or selected the emotion of the talker (emotion recognition task) from a list of options (Angry, Calm, Happy, and Sad). Sentences were blocked by task type (emotion recognition versus word recognition) and processing condition (unprocessed versus 8-channel noise vocoder) and presented randomly within the block at three signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in a background of speech-shaped noise. Confusion matrices showed the number of errors in emotion recognition by listeners.

Results:
Listeners demonstrated better emotion recognition performance than word recognition performance at the same SNR. Unprocessed speech resulted in higher recognition rates than vocoded stimuli. Recognition performance (for both words and emotions) decreased with worsening SNR. Vocoding speech resulted in a greater negative impact on emotion recognition than it did for word recognition.

Conclusions:
These data confirm prior work that suggests that in background noise, emotional prosodic information in speech is easier to recognize than word information, even after simulated CI processing. However, emotion recognition may be more negatively impacted by background noise and CI processing than word recognition. Future work could explore CI processing strategies that better encode prosodic information and investigate this effect in individuals with CIs as opposed to vocoded simulation. This study emphasized the need for clinicians to consider not only word recognition but also other aspects of speech that are critical to successful social communication.
Estimating Skeletal Maturity Using Knee Radiographs During Preadolescence: The Epiphyseal:Metaphyseal Ratio
Authors: Benedick Alexander J. , Hogue Bailyn , Furdock Ryan J. , Uli Naveen , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Though skeletal maturity is most relevant during adolescence, it has utility in treatment of younger patients in some circumstances. Accurate estimation of skeletal maturity using knee radiographs would be useful when treating limb length discrepancy and other general medical conditions in preadolescent patients. Currently, a quick, accurate, and reproducible method of estimating skeletal maturity in preadolescents is lacking.

Methods:
Serial anteroposterior knee radiographs taken at historical growth study visits leading up to the chronological age associated with 90% of final height (an enhanced skeletal maturity standard as compared with peak height velocity) were analyzed in 75 children. Epiphyseal and metaphyseal widths of the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal fibula were measured and the epiphyseal:metaphyseal ratio was calculated. Greulich and Pyle (GP) bone ages were also assigned by an experienced pediatric endocrinologist using left hand radiographs. Stepwise linear regression and generalized estimating equation analyses were used to make a skeletal maturity model incorporating demographics (age+sex) and knee epiphyseal:metaphyseal ratios.

Results:
A total of 258 left knee radiographs from 39 girls (mean age 8.6 y, range: 2.9 to 13 y) and 36 boys (mean age 10.6 y, range: 3.8 to 15 y) were included. The demographics+ratios model had similar prediction accuracy (0.49 vs. 0.48 y, P=0.84) and rate of outliers (11% vs. 9%, P=0.11) as the demographics+GP model. The demographics+ratios model outperformed all other models evaluated, including a demographics-only model (P<0.001 for all).

Conclusions:
When combined with chronological age and sex, epiphyseal:metaphyseal ratio measurement in the knee allows for skeletal maturity estimation comparable to using the GP technique.

Clinical Relevance:
We have defined a knee skeletal maturity system that could be applied in treatment of orthopaedic conditions in preadolescents where a knee radiograph is already obtained, avoiding the need for an additional hand radiograph.
The Medial Border of Laparoscopic D3 Lymphadenectomy for Right Colon Cancer: Results from an Exploratory Pilot Study
Authors: Zhou Leqi , Diao Dechang , Ye Kai , Feng Yifei , Yi Xiaojiang , Tong Weihua , Xu Jianhua , Su Hao , Wang Yong , He Liang , He Zirui , Xu Ziwei , Lu Xinquan , Lin Jianan , Zhang Jiaxin , Xue Pei , Zhang Dongsheng , Li Hongming , Ma Junjun , Kang Wengui , Yang Xiao , Li Jianwen , Cai Tianyi , Lu Aiguo , Liu Shiguang , Sun Jing , Zhang Sen , Zheng Minhua , Wang Quan , Sun Yueming , Feng Bo 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:
Opinions vary on the medial border of D3 lymphadenectomy for right colon cancer. Most surgeons place the medial border along the left side of the superior mesenteric vein, but some consider the left side of the superior mesenteric artery as the medial border.

OBJECTIVES:
This study investigated the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic D3 lymphadenectomy for right colon cancer with the medial border along the left side of superior mesenteric artery.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective study.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted in specialized colorectal cancer department of 5 tertiary hospitals.

PATIENTS:
Patients receiving laparoscopic D3 lymphadenectomy for right colon cancer from January 2013 to December 2018 were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
After propensity score matching, 307 patients receiving laparoscopic D3 lymphadenectomy along the left side of the superior mesenteric artery were assigned to the superior mesenteric artery group and 614 patients were assigned to the superior mesenteric vein group. Univariate, multivariate, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess the clinical data.

RESULTS:
The short-term outcomes were similar between the 2 groups; however, the superior mesenteric artery group had a higher rate of chylous leakage (p < 0.001). More lymph nodes were harvested from the superior mesenteric artery group than from the superior mesenteric vein group (p = 0.001). The number (p = 0.005) of metastatic lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio (p = 0.041) in main nodes were both higher in the superior mesenteric artery group. The 2 groups had similar long-term survival, but the superior mesenteric artery group tended to show better disease-free survival in patients with stage disease III (p = 0.056).

LIMITATIONS:
This was a retrospective, nonrandomized study.

CONCLUSION:
Laparoscopic D3 lymphadenectomy along the left side of the superior mesenteric artery, except for a higher rate of chylous leakage, had short-term outcomes comparable to the superior mesenteric vein group. The superior mesenteric artery group tended to achieve better disease-free survival in patients with stage III disease, but further study is required to better elucidate differences in these approaches because risks/benefits do exist.
Effect of Adjustment for Case Misclassification and Infection Date Uncertainty on Estimates of COVID-19 Effective Reproduction Number
Authors: Goldstein Neal D. , Quick Harrison , Burstyn Igor 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Surveillance data captured during the COVID-19 pandemic may not be optimal to inform a public health response, because it is biased by imperfect test accuracy, differential access to testing, and uncertainty in date of infection.

Methods:
We downloaded COVID-19 time-series surveillance data from the Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment by report and illness onset dates for 9 March 2020 to 30 September 2020. We used existing Bayesian methods to first adjust for misclassification in testing and surveillance, followed by deconvolution of date of infection. We propagated forward uncertainty from each step corresponding to 10,000 posterior time-series of doubly adjusted epidemic curves. The effective reproduction number (R

t
), a parameter of principal interest in tracking the pandemic, gauged the impact of the adjustment on inference.

Results:
Observed period prevalence was 1.3%; median of the posterior of true (adjusted) prevalence was 1.7% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.4%, 1.8%). Sensitivity of surveillance declined over the course of the epidemic from a median of 88.8% (95% CrI: 86.3%, 89.8%) to a median of 60.8% (95% CrI: 60.1%, 62.6%). The mean (minimum, maximum) values of R

t
were higher and more variable by report date, 1.12 (0.77, 4.13), compared to those following adjustment, 1.05 (0.89, 1.73). The epidemic curve by report date tended to overestimate R

t
early on and be more susceptible to fluctuations in data.

Conclusion:
Adjusting for epidemic curves based on surveillance data is necessary if estimates of missed cases and the effective reproduction number play a role in management of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: an update
Authors: Varytė Guoda , Arlauskienė Audronė , Ramašauskaitė Diana 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
To provide the latest evidence and treatment advances of multiple sclerosis in women of childbearing age prior to conception, during pregnancy and postpartum.

Recent findings
Recent changes permitting interferon beta (IFN-β) use in pregnancy and breastfeeding has broadened the choices of disease modifying treatments (DMTs) for patients with high relapse rates. Natalizumab may also be continued until 34 weeks of pregnancy for patients requiring persisting treatment. Drugs with a known potential of teratogenicity such as fingolimod or teriflunomide should be avoided and recommended wash-out times for medications such as cladribine, alemtuzumab or ocrelizumab should be considered. Teriflunomide and fingolimod are not recommended during breastfeeding, however, glatiramer acetate and IFN-β are considered to be safe.

Summary
The evidence of potential fetotoxicities and adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with DMTs is increasing, although more research is needed to evaluate the safety of drugs and to track long-term health outcomes for the mother and the child.
Association of lifestyle factors with osteoporosis and fracture in postmenopausal women: a Japanese cohort study
Authors: Otonari Jun , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Furusyo Norihiro , Sudo Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for fracture later in life; however, few studies have examined the association of lifestyle factors with osteoporosis and fracture. This study aimed to identify factors associated with osteoporosis and fracture in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
We evaluated the association between baseline characteristics and outcomes (diagnosis of osteoporosis or incidence of fracture) in 4,427 postmenopausal women who participated in the Kyushu University Fukuoka Cohort Study on lifestyle-related diseases (baseline: February 2004 to August 2007; follow-up: February 2010 to December 2012). Among the women, 626 were diagnosed as having osteoporosis without a fracture, 294 sustained a fracture without a diagnosis of osteoporosis, and 137 were diagnosed with both osteoporosis and fracture during the average 5.3-year follow-up period; the remaining 3,370 participants were not diagnosed with osteoporosis or did not sustain a fracture. The association between lifestyle factors and the occurrence of osteoporosis and fracture was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Skipping breakfast was associated negatively with osteoporosis without fracture (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, P = 0.009) but positively with fracture without osteoporosis (OR = 2.30, P = 0.0009). Glycated hemoglobin A1c levels were associated negatively with osteoporosis without fracture (OR = 0.81, P = 0.0003) but positively with fracture without osteoporosis (OR = 1.18, P = 0.03). Parental history of fracture and extraversion personality trait were both associated with fracture without osteoporosis.

Conclusions:
Osteoporosis and fracture showed different association patterns with lifestyle factors, and no factors were correlated with an increase in both osteoporosis and fracture.
Digital Phenotyping in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Perspective
Authors: Nisenson Melanie , Lin Vanessa , Gansner Meredith 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Digital phenotyping (DP) provides opportunities to study child and adolescent psychiatry from a novel perspective. DP combines objective data obtained from digital sensors with participant-generated “active data,” in order to understand better an individual’s behavior and environmental interactions. Although this new method has led to advances in adult psychiatry, its use in child psychiatry has been more limited. This review aims to demonstrate potential benefits of DP methodology and passive data collection by reviewing studies specifically in child and adolescent psychiatry. Twenty-six studies were identified that collected passive data from four different categories: accelerometer/actigraph data, physiological data, GPS data, and step count. Study topics ranged from the associations between manic symptomology and cardiac parameters to the role of daily emotions, sleep, and social interactions in treatment for pediatric anxiety. Reviewed studies highlighted the diverse ways in which objective data can augment naturalistic self-report methods in child and adolescent psychiatry to allow for more objective, ecologically valid, and temporally resolved conclusions. Though limitations exist—including a lack of participant adherence and device failure and misuse—DP technology may represent a new and effective method for understanding pediatric cognition, behavior, disease etiology, and treatment efficacy.
Pilomatricoma With Bullous Appearance: A Case Report
Authors: Fan Yue-Ying , Li Jin-Fu , Su Ying-Jun , Jia Chi-Yu 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Pilomatricoma is usually a solitary, deep dermal firm nodule with an overlying normal epidermis. Bullous pilomatricoma is rarely reported; thus, its pathogenesis has not been elucidated.
We report a case presenting the pilomatricoma with bullous change.

Case presentation:
A 19-year-old female presented a firm nodule covered by a bulla on her right upper arm. Histopathological examination showed the tumor was composed of basophilic basal-like cells and shadow cells. No cellular atypia or abnormal mitotic figures were observed. All these clinical characteristics and pathological results point to the diagnosis of bullous pilomatricoma. The tumor was surgically removed by enlargement.

Discussion:
We hypothesize that a history of trauma and rapid growth may contribute to the diagnosis of the bullous pilomatricoma. The appearance of the bullous can be explained by the dilated lymphatic vessels seen in histopathologic examination. We give a case report help clinicians to better diagnose this entity and decrease the rate of misdiagnosis.

Conclusion:
We observed a rare bullous variant of pilomatricoma. Hence, when identifying a patient of bullous pilomatricoma, a detailed medical history and physical examination are essential.
Acute Physiological Response of Live-Fire Simulation Activities Affecting Cardiovascular Health in Live-Fire Instructors
Authors: Park Gwan-Jin , Kong So Yeon , Shin Dong-Min , Lee Dae In , Ku Beom-Seok , Oh Je-Hwan , Kim Sang-Chul 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess acute physiological response of fire suppression simulation affecting cardiovascular health during repeated bouts of simulation.

Methods:
Fifteen live-fire instructors were randomly divided into three groups according to fire suppression simulation frequency. Vital signs, biomarkers, and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured before and after simulation.

Results:
Vital signs increased immediately after fire simulation and returned to the normal range after 2 h. Most biomarker levels were changed within the normal ranges 72 h after the simulation training. However, one of the HRV frequency domains, high frequency power, was severely suppressed after 1 h and tended to recover after 2 h of simulation (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Vital signs and their biomarkers were changed within the normal range regardless of the number of bouts of fire suppression simulations. HRV could be used to assess the effects of fire suppression simulation on cardiovascular health.
Influenza-Like Illness Among Personnel Responding to U.S. Quarantine of Cruise Ship Passengers Exposed to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Harvey R. Reid , Nett Randall J. , McNamara Kathryn , McClung R. Paul , Pieracci Emily G. , Mayer Oren , Labar Kristin A. , Xu Kerui , Facey Judy , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Before community transmission of COVID-19 was recognized in the United States, cruise ship passengers with high risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were repatriated and quarantined. We describe cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) among responders.

Methods:
We reviewed situation reports and responder illness reports to characterize ill responders, including illness onset date, symptoms, fever, diagnostic tests, potential breaches in PPE use, and return to work status.

Results:
Among 339 responders, nine (3%) reported ILI. No breaches in PPE were reported. Three responders with ILI were tested for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and influenza A; none tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection and two tested positive for influenza A.

Conclusions:
Despite an outbreak of ILI among responders, none were diagnosed with COVID-19, suggesting preventive measures in place might have been sufficient to prevent responders from SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
Zwitterionic Photografted Coatings of Cochlear Implant Biomaterials Reduce Friction and Insertion Forces
Authors: Bennion Douglas M. , Horne Ryan , Peel Adreann , Reineke Parker , Henslee Allan , Kaufmann Christopher , Guymon C. Allan , Hansen Marlan R. 
Published: July 2021

Hypothesis:
Application of photografted zwitterionic coatings to cochlear implant (CI) biomaterials will reduce friction and insertion forces.

Background:
Strategies to minimize intracochlear trauma during implantation of an electrode array are critical to optimize outcomes including preservation of residual hearing. To this end, advances in thin-film zwitterionic hydrogel coatings on relevant biomaterials may show promise, in addition to the potential of these materials for decreasing the intracochlear foreign body response.

Methods:
Using a recently designed one-step process, thin-film coatings derived from zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) were photopolymerized and photografted to the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, silastic) samples and also to CI arrays from two manufacturers. Fluorescein staining and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verified and characterized the coatings. Tribometry was used to measure the coefficient of friction between uncoated and coated PDMS and synthetic and biological tissues. Force transducer measurements were obtained during insertion of uncoated (n = 9) and coated (n = 9) CI electrode arrays into human cadaveric cochleae.

Results:
SBMA thin-film coating of PDMS resulted in >90% reduction in frictional coefficients with steel, ceramic, and dermal tissue from guinea pigs (p < 0.0001). We employed a novel method for applying covalently bonded, durable, and uniform coating in geographically selective areas at the electrode array portion of the implant. Image analysis confirmed uniform coating of PDMS systems and the CI electrode arrays with SBMA polymer films. During insertion of electrode arrays into human cadaveric cochleae, SBMA coatings reduced maximum force by ∼40% during insertion (p < 0.001), as well as decreasing force variability and the overall work of insertion.

Conclusion:
Thin-film SBMA photografted coatings on PDMS and electrode arrays significantly reduce frictional coefficients and insertional forces in cadaveric cochleae. These encouraging findings support that thin-film zwitterionic coating of CI electrode arrays may potentially reduce insertional trauma and thereby promote improved hearing and other long-term outcomes.
Cochlear Implant Performance in Candidates With Moderate Hearing Loss Qualifying in Noise
Authors: Friedland David R. , Kozlowski Kristin , Runge Christina L. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To determine postcochlear implantation performance for patients qualifying on preimplant testing in noise.

Study design:
Retrospective chart review of cochlear implant recipients.

Main Outcome Measure:
Performance on word and sentence testing in the implanted ear and bimodal condition were compared between pre- and postimplantation time points.

Results:
At 2-years postimplantation, CNC testing in quiet in the implanted ear improved from an average percent correct score of 14.0 ± 12.1% to 54.9 ± 14.8% (n = 20, p < 0.0001, d = 3.0) for those qualifying at +8, and from 23.4 ± 15.6% to 55.5 ± 19.4% (n = 28, p < 0.0001, d = 1.8) for those qualifying at +5. Likewise, AzBio in quiet in the implanted ear improved from an average % correct score of 19.9 ± 16.0% to 75.1 ± 11.8% (n = 20, p < 0.0001, d = 4.0) for those qualifying at +8, and from 46.2 ± 21.7% to 74.1 ± 21.3% (n = 27, p < 0.0001, d = 1.4) for those qualifying at +5. CNC and AzBio performance in quiet in the bimodal condition also improved with those qualifying at +8 and +5 having similar average scores at 2-years post activation. For those qualifying at +8, performance improved on CNC and AzBio in the implanted ear in 95% of patients and in the bimodal condition in 89% of patients. The proportion of patients improving on both tests for those qualifying at +5 at 2 years was 85% in the implanted ear, and 72% in the bimodal condition.

Conclusion:
The majority of patients qualifying for cochlear implantation with the addition of noise showed improved speech perception in quiet. These data provide useful counseling tools for patients considering cochlear implantation who do not meet traditional eligibility requirements when tested in quiet.