bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of the Mini Nutritional Assessment – Short Form to identify malnutrition among older adults: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Griffin Anne , McGarry Sorcha , Moloney Caoimhe , Galvin Rose 
Published: July 2021

Malnutrition has many associated physiological and psychological consequences for older adults that can result in reduced quality of life, poor disease outcomes and more frequent and longer hospital stays. Early recognition of malnutrition allows for timely intervention and treatment. There are several screening tools for nutrition risk. The most common one for malnutrition developed and validated for older adults is the short-form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF). It can be completed in just a few minutes and applied in all health care settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis serves to synthesise the totality of evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of the MNA-SF tool compared with the full-form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-FF) in older adults for the diagnosis of malnutrition in healthcare settings. Systematic searches of five bibliographical databases will be performed and will include the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science to identify all studies that validate the MNA-SF for malnutrition among older adults in healthcare settings. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Pre-specified MNA-SF scores will be used to identify patients’ risk of malnutrition. Using data from 2x2 tables, studies will be pooled to generate summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity using a bivariate random effects model. The findings of this systematic review of diagnostic accuracy will provide evidence for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding the optimum use of the MNA-SF as a nutrition risk screening tool to identify malnutrition among older people. Registration details: Prospero registration number CRD42019131847
Strategic treatment optimization for HCV (STOPHCV1): a randomised controlled trial of ultrashort duration therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cooke Graham S. , Pett Sarah , McCabe Leanne , Jones Chris , Gilson Richard , Verma Sumita , Ryder Stephen D. , Collier Jane D. , Barclay Stephen T. , Ala Aftab , Bhagani Sanjay , Nelson Mark , Ch'Ng Chinlye , Stone Ben , Wiselka Martin , Forton Daniel , McPherson Stuart , Halford Rachel , Nguyen Dung , Smith David , Ansari Azim , Dennis Emily , Hudson Fleur , Barnes Eleanor J. , Walker Ann Sarah 
Published: July 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the need for a better understanding of which patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with ultrashort course HCV therapy. Methods: A total of 202 individuals with chronic HCV were randomised to fixed-duration shortened therapy (8 weeks) vs variable-duration ultrashort strategies (VUS1/2). Participants not cured following first-line treatment were retreated with 12 weeks’ sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin. The primary outcome was sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12) after first-line treatment and retreatment. Participants were factorially randomised to receive ribavirin with first-line treatment. Results: All evaluable participants achieved SVR12 overall (197/197, 100% [95% CI 98-100]) demonstrating non-inferiority between fixed-duration and variable-duration strategies (difference 0% [95% CI -3.8%, +3.7%], 4% pre-specified non-inferiority margin). First-line SVR12 was 91% [86%-97%] (92/101) for fixed-duration vs 48% [39%-57%] (47/98) for variable-duration, but was significantly higher for VUS2 (72% [56%-87%] (23/32)) than VUS1 (36% [25%-48%] (24/66)). Overall, first-line SVR12 was 72% [65%-78%] (70/101) without ribavirin and 68% [61%-76%] (69/98) with ribavirin (p=0.48). At treatment failure, the emergence of viral resistance was lower with ribavirin (12% [2%-30%] (3/26)) than without (38% [21%-58%] (11/29), p=0.01). Conclusions: Unsuccessful first-line short-course therapy did not compromise retreatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin (100% SVR12). SVR12 rates were significantly increased when ultrashort treatment varied between 4-7 weeks rather than 4-6 weeks. Ribavirin significantly reduced resistance emergence in those failing first-line therapy. ISRCTN Registration: 37915093 (11/04/2016).
The tropical coral Pocillopora acuta displays an unusual chromatin structure and shows histone H3 clipping plasticity upon bleaching
Authors: Roquis David , Cosseau Céline , Brener Raffalli Kelly , Romans Pascal , Masanet Patrick , Mitta Guillaume , Grunau Christoph , Vidal-Dupiol Jeremie 
Published: July 2021

Background: Pocillopora acuta is a hermatypic coral with strong ecological importance. Anthropogenic disturbances and global warming are major threats that can induce coral bleaching, the disruption of the mutualistic symbiosis between the coral host and its endosymbiotic algae. Previous works have shown that somaclonal colonies display different levels of survival depending on the environmental conditions they previously faced. Epigenetic mechanisms are good candidates to explain this phenomenon. However, almost no work had been published on the P. acuta epigenome, especially on histone modifications. In this study, we aim at providing the first insight into chromatin structure of this species. Methods: We aligned the amino acid sequence of P. acuta core histones with histone sequences from various phyla. We developed a centri-filtration on sucrose gradient to separate chromatin from the host and the symbiont. The presence of histone H3 protein and specific histone modifications were then detected by western blot performed on histone extraction done from bleached and healthy corals. Finally, micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestions were undertaken to study nucleosomal organization. Results: The centri-filtration enabled coral chromatin isolation with less than 2% of contamination by endosymbiont material. Histone sequences alignments with other species show that P. acuta displays on average ~90% of sequence similarities with mice and ~96% with other corals. H3 detection by western blot showed that H3 is clipped in healthy corals while it appeared to be intact in bleached corals. MNase treatment failed to provide the usual mononucleosomal digestion, a feature shared with some cnidarian, but not all; suggesting an unusual chromatin structure. Conclusions: These results provide a first insight into the chromatin, nucleosome and histone structure of P. acuta. The unusual patterns highlighted in this study and partly shared with other cnidarian will need to be further studied to better understand its role in corals.
Inpatient Glycemic Control With Sliding Scale Insulin in Noncritical Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Who Can Slide?
Authors: Migdal Alexandra L , Fortin‐Leung Charlie , Pasquel Francisco , Wang Heqiong , Peng Limin , Umpierrez Guillermo E 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVEDespite clinical guideline recommendations, sliding scale insulin (SSI) is widely used for the hospital management of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to determine which patients with T2D can be appropriately managed with SSI in non–critical care settings.METHODSWe used electronic health records to assess inpatient glycemic control in medicine and surgical patients treated with SSI according to admission blood glucose (BG) concentration between June 2010 and June 2018. Primary outcome was the percentage of patients with T2D achieving target glycemic control, defined as mean hospital BG 70 to 180 mg/dL without hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL during SSI therapy.RESULTSAmong 25,813 adult patients with T2D, 8,095 patients (31.4%) were treated with SSI. Among patients with admission BG <140 mg/dL and BG 140 to 180 mg/dL, 86% and 83%, respectively, achieved target control without hypoglycemia, as compared with only 18% of those with admission BG ≥250 mg/dL (P < .001). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and setting, the odds of poor glycemic control increased with higher admission BG (BG 140‐180 mg/dL: odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5‐2.2; BG 181‐250 mg/dL: OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.1‐4.4; BG >250 mg/dL: OR, 7.2; 95% CI, 5.8‐9.0), as compared with patients with BG <140 mg/dL. A total of 1,192 patients (15%) treated with SSI required additional basal insulin during hospitalization.CONCLUSIONMost non–intensive care unit patients with admission BG <180 mg/dL treated with SSI alone achieve target glycemic control during hospitalization, suggesting that cautious use of SSI may be a viable option for certain patients with mild hyperglycemia.
Risk of Intestinal Necrosis With Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Holleck Jürgen L , Roberts Andrea E , Marhoffer Elizabeth A , Grimshaw Alyssa A , Gunderson Craig G 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUNDReports of severe gastrointestinal side effects associated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), particularly intestinal necrosis, have led some to recommend costlier alternative medications. No prior systematic review has included studies with controls reporting intestinal necrosis rates associated with SPS.METHODSA systematic literature search was conducted using Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection from database inception through October 4, 2020. We included any clinical trial, cohort, or case‐control study reporting an association between SPS and intestinal necrosis or severe gastrointestinal side effects.RESULTSSix studies including 26,716 patients treated with SPS with controls met inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of intestinal necrosis was 1.43 (95% CI, 0.39‐5.20). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for intestinal necrosis from the two studies that performed survival analysis was 2.00 (95% CI, 0.45‐8.78). The pooled HR for the composite outcome of severe gastrointestinal adverse events was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.01‐2.11).CONCLUSIONBased on our review of six studies, the risk of intestinal necrosis with SPS is not statistically greater than controls, although there was a statistically significantly increased risk for the composite outcome of severe gastrointestinal side effects based on two studies. Because of the risk of bias from potential confounding and selective reporting, the overall strength of evidence to support an association between SPS and intestinal necrosis or other severe gastrointestinal side effects is low. PROSPERO registration CRD42020213119.
Duma, wstyd, profanacja
Authors: Kumala Aleksandra 
Published: July 2021

Pride, Shame, Profanation. Post-Memory in the Movies Bent and Paragraph 175
This paper offers a post-memory oriented analysis of the movies Bent (1997) and Paragraph 175 (2000), both referring to the so-called pink triangles—homosexual men persecuted by the Nazis. The author reverses Marianne Hirsch’s key concept in order to introduce a new one, “the generation of homosexual post-memory”. Theoretical categories of dignity, shame, and profanation are used contextually, to comment on the main themes of the movies and their common interpretations. Seen through the post-memory perspective, films under discussion become substitutes of direct, familial narratives, which for years remained inaccessible due to binding law, social taboos, “institutional homophobia”, and sustained “days of masquerade”. Even though it may not seem obvious at first, the text presents that both titles have the potential to activate the process of trauma transfer and create homosexual post-memory as such.
Electrically tunable terahertz switch based on superconducting subwavelength hole arrays
Authors: Li Chun , Jiang Ling , Ma Qingxiao , Teng Yan , Bian Borui , Yu Mei , Hua Min , Liu Xiaoming , He Jingjing , Su Runfeng , Jiang Chengtao 
Published: July 2021

We experimentally demonstrate an electrically tunable superconducting device capable of switching the extraordinary terahertz (THz) transmission. The planar device consists of subwavelength hole arrays with real-time control capability. The maximum transmission coefficient at 0.33 THz is 0.98 and decreases to 0.17 when the applied voltage only increases to 1.3 V. A relative intensity modulation of 82.7% is observed, making this device an efficient THz switch. Additionally, this device exhibits good narrow-bandpass characteristics within 2 THz, which can be used as a frequency-selective component. This study offers an ideal tuning method and delivers a promising approach for designing active and miniaturized devices in THz cryogenic systems.
Single-shot 3D tracking based on polarization multiplexed Fourier-phase camera
Authors: Teng Jiajie , Hu Chengyang , Huang Honghao , Chen Minghua , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei 
Published: July 2021

For moving objects, 3D mapping and tracking has found important applications in the 3D reconstruction for vision odometry or simultaneous localization and mapping. This paper presents a novel camera architecture to locate the fast-moving objects in four-dimensional (4D) space (

x

,

y

,

z

,

t

) through a single-shot image. Our 3D tracking system records two orthogonal fields-of-view (FoVs) with different polarization states on one polarization sensor. An optical spatial modulator is applied to build up temporal Fourier-phase coding channels, and the integration is performed in the corresponding CMOS pixels during the exposure time. With the 8 bit grayscale modulation, each coding channel can achieve 256 times temporal resolution improvement. A fast single-shot 3D tracking system with 0.78 ms temporal resolution in 200 ms exposure is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, it provides a new image format, Fourier-phase map, which has a compact data volume. The latent spatio-temporal information in one 2D image can be efficiently reconstructed at relatively low computation cost through the straightforward phase matching algorithm. Cooperated with scene-driven exposure as well as reasonable Fourier-phase prediction, one could acquire 4D data (

x

,

y

,

z

,

t

) of the moving objects, segment 3D motion based on temporal cues, and track targets in a complicated environment.
Exclusive breastfeeding continuation and associated factors among employed women in North Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebrekidan Kahsu , Hall Helen , Plummer Virginia , Fooladi Ensieh 
Published: July 2021

Background
Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) can prevent up to 13% of under-five mortality in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa the rate of EBF at six months remains very low at 36%. Different types of factors such as maternal, family and work-related factors are responsible for the low rate of EBF among employed women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of EBF continuation and associated factors among employed women in North Ethiopia.

Materials and methods
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two towns of Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Employed women who had children between six months and two years were surveyed using multistage, convenience sampling. Women filled in a paper based validated questionnaire adopted from the Breastfeeding and Employment Study toolkit (BESt). The questions were grouped into four parts of sociodemographic characteristics, maternal characteristics, family support and work-related factors. Factors associated with EBF continuation as a binary outcome (yes/no) were determined using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Four-hundred and forty-nine women participated in this study with a mean (SD) age 30.4 (4.2) years. Two hundred and fifty-four (56.4%) participants exclusively breastfed their children for six months or more. The main reason for discontinuation of EBF was the requirement of women to return to paid employment (31.5%). Four-hundred and forty (98.2%) participants believed that breastfeeding has benefits either to the infant or to the mother. Three hundred and seventy-one (82.8%) of the participants received support from their family at home to assist with EBF, most commonly from their husbands and mothers. Having family support (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.1, 95%, CI 1.2–3.6; P = 0.005), having frequent breaks at work (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI, 1.4–4.8; P = 0.002) and the possibility of buying or borrowing required equipment for expressing breast milk (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI, 1.0–3.0; P = 0.033) were statistically associated with an increased chance of EBF.

Conclusion
Although returning to work was reported by the study participants as the main reason for discontinuation of EBF, families and managers’ support play significant roles in EBF continuation, which in the absence of six-month’s maternity leave for employed women in Ethiopia would be of benefit to both mothers and children.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes associated competitive endogenous RNA networks as predictors of outcome in hepatic carcinoma based on WGCNA analysis
Authors: He Ying , Xu Rui , Peng Li , Hu Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2021

Background
The important regulatory role of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been confirmed. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are of great significance to tumor outcome and prognosis. This study will systematically analyze the key factors affecting the prognosis of HCC from the perspective of ceRNA and TILs.

Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for transcriptome data acquisition of HCC. Through the analysis of the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WCGNA), the two modules for co-expression of the disease were determined, and a ceRNA network was constructed. We used Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis to screen prognostic factors and constructed a risk score model. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to validate the model. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used for mRNAs functional analysis. The cell composition of TILs was analyzed by the CIBERSORT algorithm, and Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to explore the correlation between TILs and prognostic factors.

Results
We constructed a ceRNA regulatory network composed of 67 nodes through WGCNA, including 44 DElncRNAs, 19 DEGs, and 4 DEmiRNAs. And based on the expression of 4 DEGs in this network (RRM2, LDLR, TXNIP, and KIF23), a prognostic model of HCC with good specificity and sensitivity was developed. CIBERSORT analyzed the composition of TILs in HCC tumor tissues. Correlation analysis showed that RRM2 is significantly correlated with T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells CD8, and T cells follicular helper, and TXNIP is negatively correlated with B cells memory.

Conclusions
In this study, a ceRNA with prognostic value in HCC was created, and a prognostic risk model for HCC was constructed based on it. This risk score model is closely related to TILs and is expected to become a potential therapeutic target and a new predictive indicator.
Impact of a family history of cardiovascular disease on prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of dyslipidemia, and healthy behaviors: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Seung Jae , Kwon Oh Deog , Lee Eung-Joon , Ock Sun Myeong , Kim Kyung-Soo 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundFamily history (FH) is one of important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about its impact on dyslipidemia prevalence and management status. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of FH of CVD on dyslipidemia prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and healthy behaviors in Korean adults.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2014–2018. A total of 22,024 participants aged ≥ 19 years without histories of CVDs were classified into two groups according to the presence of FH of CVD (with FH, n = 3,778; without FH, n = 18,246). FH of CVD was defined as having a first-degree relative with ischemic heart disease or stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between FH of CVD and dyslipidemia prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and healthy behaviors (weight control, non-smoking, non-risky drinking, sufficient physical activity, and undergoing health screening).ResultsFH of CVD was significantly associated with a higher dyslipidemia prevalence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.51), better awareness (aOR 1.54, 95%CI 1.19–2.00), and treatment rates (aOR 1.34, 95%CI 1.12–1.60), but not control. Having an FH of CVD was not predictive of any healthy behaviors in dyslipidemia patients. For non-dyslipidemia patients, FH of CVD even showed significant association with smoking (aOR 1.18, 95%CI 1.02–1.36), and risky drinking (aOR 1.20, 95%CI 1.03–1.40) while it was predictive of receiving health screening (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27).ConclusionsHaving an FH of CVD might positively trigger dyslipidemia patients to start pharmacological intervention, but not non-pharmacological interventions. Therefore, physicians should make more efforts to educate and promote the importance of non-pharmacological behavioral modification in dyslipidemia patients with an FH of CVD.
Anxiety, PTSD, and stressors in medical students during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Carmen M. , Juarez Marianne , Rae Guenevere , Jones Lee , Rodriguez Robert M. , Davis John A. , Boysen-Osborn Megan , Kashima Kathleen J. , Krane N. Kevin , Kman Nicholas , Langsfeld Jodi M. , Harries Aaron J. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
To assess psychological effects of the initial peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on United States (US) medical students in clinical training to anticipate sequelae and prepare for future outbreaks.

Methods
Authors emailed a cross-sectional survey in April-May, 2020 to students in clinical training years at six US medical schools which included validated General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Primary Care-PTSD (PC-PTSD-5) screening tools, and asked students about pandemic-related stress and specific concerns. Authors used quantitative and thematic analysis to present results.

Results
Of 2511 eligible students, 741 responded (29.5%). Most students (84.1%) reported at least “somewhat” increased levels of stress and anxiety related to the pandemic. On the GAD-7, 34.3% showed mild, 16.1% moderate, and 9.5% severe anxiety symptoms, with 39.6% demonstrating no/minimal symptoms. One quarter (25.4%) screened positive for PTSD risk symptoms. Top concerns of students chosen from a pre-populated list included inadequate COVID-19 testing, undiagnosed or asymptomatic spread and racial or other disparities in the pandemic. In thematic analysis, students’ reactions to removal from clinical learning included: understanding the need to conserve PPE (32.2%), a desire to help (27.7%), worry over infectious risk to others (25.4%) and self (21.2%), and lost learning opportunities (22.5%). Female students were significantly more likely to report anxiety and PTSD risk symptoms. Asian students had a greater risk of moderate anxiety and those underrepresented in medicine (UIM) had greater risk of moderate and severe anxiety symptoms compared to white students.

Conclusions
During the initial peak phase of COVID-19, over 60% of US medical students screened positive for pandemic-related anxiety and one quarter were at risk for PTSD. Female and UIM students were significantly more affected. Medical schools should consider broad support of students, and targeted outreach to female and UIM students.