bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle biopsy alone vs. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with rapid onsite evaluation in pancreatic lesions: a multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Chen Yen-I , Chatterjee Avijit , Berger Robert , Kanber Yonca , Wyse Jonathan , Lam Eric , Gan Ian , Auger Manon , Kenshil Sana , Telford Jennifer , Donnellan Fergal , Quinlan James , Lutzak Gregory , Alshamsi Fatma , Parent Josee , Waschke Kevin , Alghamdi Adel , Barkun Jeffrey , Metrakos Peter , Chaudhury Prosanto , Martel Myriam , Dorreen Alastair , Candido Kristen , Miller Corey , Adam Viviane , Barkun Alan , Zogopoulos George , Wong Clarence 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the standard in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions, in particular when combined with rapid onsite evaluation of cytopathology (ROSE). More recently, a fork-tip needle for core biopsy (FNB) has been shown to be associated with excellent diagnostic yield. EUS-FNB alone has however not been compared with EUS-FNA + ROSE in a large clinical trial. Our aim was to compare EUS-FNB alone to EUS-FNA + ROSE in solid pancreatic lesions.Methods A multicenter, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial involving seven centers was performed. Solid pancreatic lesions referred for EUS were considered for inclusion. The primary end point was diagnostic accuracy. Secondary end points included sensitivity/specificity, mean number of needle passes, and cost.Results 235 patients were randomized: 115 EUS-FNB alone and 120 EUS-FNA + ROSE. Overall, 217 patients had malignant histology. The diagnostic accuracy for malignancy of EUS-FNB alone was non-inferior to EUS-FNA + ROSE at 92.2 % (95 %CI 86.6 %–96.9 %) and 93.3 % (95 %CI 88.8 %–97.9 %), respectively (P = 0.72). Diagnostic sensitivity for malignancy was 92.5 % (95 %CI 85.7 %–96.7 %) for EUS-FNB alone vs. 96.5 % (93.0 %–98.6 %) for EUS-FNA + ROSE (P = 0.46), while specificity was 100 % in both. Adequate histological yield was obtained in 87.5 % of the EUS-FNB samples. The mean (SD) number of needle passes and procedure time favored EUS-FNB alone (2.3 [0.6] passes vs. 3.0 [1.1] passes [P < 0.001]; and 19.3 [8.0] vs. 22.7 [10.8] minutes [P = 0.008]). EUS-FNB alone cost on average 45 US dollars more than EUS-FNA + ROSE.Conclusion EUS-FNB alone is non-inferior to EUS-FNA + ROSE and is associated with fewer needle passes, shorter procedure time, and excellent histological yield at comparable cost.
Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE): a systematic review describing the outcomes, adverse events, and knowledge gaps
Authors: Prakash Shaurya , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Forster Erin M. , Cote Gregory A. , Moran Robert A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EDGE) has emerged as a viable completely endoscopic method for performing pancreaticobiliary interventions in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy. The aims of this systematic review were: (1) to describe the indications, outcomes, and complications of EDGE; and (2) to identify deficiencies in our knowledge of important technical approaches and clinical outcomes.
Methods A systematic review was conducted via comprehensive searches of Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane to identify studies focusing on EDGE outcomes. Simple descriptive statistics were derived from case series only. Case reports were only included to qualitatively describe additional indications, techniques, and adverse events.
Results The initial search identified 2143 abstracts. Nine case series and eight case reports were included. In the nine case series, 169 patients underwent EDGE. The technical success rate was 99 % (168 /169) for gastrogastrostomy/jejunogastrostomy creation and 98 % (166 /169) for subsequent ERCP. Minor adverse events specifically related to EDGE occurred in 18 % (31/169) and included intraprocedural stent migration/malposition (n = 27) and abdominal pain (n = 4). Moderate adverse events specific to EDGE occurred in 5 % (9/169): including bleeding (2 %), persistent fistula (1 %), and perforation (1 %). Severe adverse events occurred in one patient with a perforation requiring surgery. Deficiency in reporting on the clinical significance of adverse events was identified.
Conclusion Based on limited observational data, in expert hands, EDGE has a high rate of technical success and an acceptable rate of adverse events. As a novel procedure, many knowledge gaps need to be addressed to inform the design of meaningful comparative studies and guide informed consent.
Biomechanical Nasal Anatomy Applied to Open Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Goksel Abdulkadir , Saban Yves , Tran Khanh Ngoc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPreservation rhinoplasty is a new way to reshape the nose by preserving the dorsum, nasal ligaments, soft tissue envelope, and muscles. This new concept provides the opportunity to achieve a more natural aesthetic and functional result. To achieve a good aesthetic and functional outcome while maintaining surgical safety, knowledge of the relevant anatomy is key. This is especially true for the preservation rhinoplasty technique, where a firm grasp of the anatomy of the nasal soft tissue and bony–cartilaginous framework is critical. The preservation technique is made more accessible by the open approach, which provides an opportunity for the deformity to be clearly visualized from the tip of the nose and the dorsum. Furthermore, tip plasty is easier to perform under direct vision, which is an advantage of the open approach. The goal of this article is therefore to make clear all the important anatomical structures and their relevance to the surgical steps taken when performing the open preservation rhinoplasty technique.
Optimizing Inpatient Blood Utilization Using Real-Time Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Ikoma Shohei , Furukawa Meg , Busuttil Ashley , Ward Dawn , Baldwin Kevin , Mayne Jeffrey , Clarke Robin , Ziman Alyssa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common medical procedure. While it offers clinical benefits for many, hemodynamically stable patients are often subjected to unwarranted transfusions, with the potential to lead to adverse consequences. We created a real-time clinical decision support (CDS) tool in the electronic health record system to address this problem and optimize transfusion practice as part of an institutional multidisciplinary, team-based patient blood management program.
Methods The real-time CDS tool incorporated the transfusion guidelines published by the AABB. The tool was deployed as a dynamic order set within the computerized provider order entry interface. Prior to implementation, extensive education and outreach to increase provider engagement were provided. The CDS tool was launched in September 2015.
Results The percentage of guideline-indicated RBC transfusions increased from a baseline of 43.6 to 54.2% while the percentage of multiunit (≥ 2 units) RBC transfusions decreased from 31.3 to 22.7% between September 2014 and July 2019. The estimated minimum cost saving over the entire study period was $36,519.36.
Conclusion Our intervention increased guideline-indicated transfusions by 10.6% and reduced multiunit transfusions by 8.6%. The adoption of a dynamic order set for the CDS tool, as opposed to an interruptive alert that displays static alert messages, allowed for more customized and tighter control of RBC orders, leading to a sustained improvement in our transfusion practice.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Current Evidence and Ongoing Issues Regarding Early and Late Management
Authors: Guedeney Paul , Collet Jean-Philippe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA few decades ago, the understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in the coronary artery thrombus formation has placed anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents at the core of the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Increasingly potent antithrombotic agents have since been evaluated, in various association, timing, or dosage, in numerous randomized controlled trials to interrupt the initial thrombus formation, prevent ischemic complications, and ultimately improve survival. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, initial parenteral anticoagulation, and dual antiplatelet therapy with potent P2Y12 inhibitors have become the hallmark of ACS management revolutionizing its prognosis. Despite these many improvements, much more remains to be done to optimize the onset of action of the various antithrombotic therapies, for further treating and preventing thrombotic events without exposing the patients to an unbearable hemorrhagic risk. The availability of various potent P2Y12 inhibitors has opened the door for individualized therapeutic strategies based on the clinical setting as well as the ischemic and bleeding risk of the patients, while the added value of aspirin has been recently challenged. The strategy of dual-pathway inhibition with P2Y12 inhibitors and low-dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant has brought promising results for the early and late management of patients presenting with ACS with and without indication for oral anticoagulation. In this updated review, we aimed at describing the evidence supporting the current gold standard of antithrombotic management of ACS. More importantly, we provide an overview of some of the ongoing issues and promising therapeutic strategies of this ever-evolving topic.
Pregnancy-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Insights from GARFIELD-VTE
Authors: Jerjes-Sánchez Carlos , Rodriguez David , Farjat Alfredo E. , Kayani Gloria , MacCallum Peter , Lopes Renato D. , Turpie Alexander G.G. , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Haas Sylvia , Ageno Walter , Goto Shinya , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Angchaisuksiri Pantep , Nielsen Joern Dalsgaard , Schellong Sebastian , Bounameaux Henri , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Prandoni Paolo , Kakkar Ajay K. ,   on behalf of the GARFIELD-VTE investigators
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases during pregnancy and the puerperium such that VTE is a leading cause of maternal mortality.
Methods We describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies, treatment patterns, and outcomes of women with pregnancy-associated VTE (PA-VTE) enrolled in the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD (GARFIELD)-VTE. Women of childbearing age (<45 years) were stratified into those with PA-VTE (n = 183), which included pregnant patients and those within the puerperium, and those with nonpregnancy associated VTE (NPA-VTE; n = 1,187). Patients with PA-VTE were not stratified based upon the stage of pregnancy or puerperium.
Results Women with PA-VTE were younger (30.5 vs. 34.8 years), less likely to have pulmonary embolism (PE) (19.7 vs. 32.3%) and more likely to have left-sided deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (73.9 vs. 54.8%) compared with those with NPA-VTE. The most common risk factors in PA-VTE patients were hospitalization (10.4%), previous surgery (10.4%), and family history of VTE (9.3%). DVT was typically diagnosed by compression ultrasonography (98.7%) and PE by chest computed tomography (75.0%). PA-VTE patients more often received parenteral (43.2 vs. 15.1%) or vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (9.3 vs. 7.6%) therapy alone. NPA-VTE patients more often received a DOAC alone (30.2 vs. 13.7%). The risk (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) of all-cause mortality (0.59 [0.18–1.98]), recurrent VTE (0.82 [0.34–1.94]), and major bleeding (1.13 [0.33–3.90]) were comparable between PA-VTE and NPA-VTE patients. Uterine bleeding was the most common complication in both groups.
Conclusion VKAs or DOACs are widely used for treatment of PA-VTE despite limited evidence for their use in this population. Rates of clinical outcomes were comparable between groups.
A computational study of the gas-phase pyruvic acid decomposition: Potential energy surfaces, temporal dependence, and rates
Authors: Barquilla Michael Dave P. , Mayes Maricris L. 
Published: January 2021

Pyruvic acid (PA) is a key intermediate in keto-acid chemistry and plays an integral part in atmospheric chemistry. However, there is still a lack of fundamental mechanistic understanding of the PA degradation processes. Here, we show the gas-phase PA degradation energetics, temporal dependence, and rates and compare with the hydration of PA and decomposition of methylglyoxal (MGY). The acetaldehyde production, via PA decarboxylation, was found to be dominant over acetic acid production. We confirmed the isomerization to enol and lactone forms and the roles of intermediates, methylhydroxycarbene (MHC)–CO2 and vinyl alcohol. We characterized additional pathways with their energy barrier represented in parentheses: the direct acetic acid conversion (54.21 kcal/mol), MHC–CO2 to acetaldehyde (30.82 kcal/mol), and MHC–CO2 to vinyl alcohol (23.80 kcal/mol). The calculated PA decomposition rates at 400 K–1000 K and 1 atm agree with the previous gas-phase experiments. The unsymmetrical Eckart tunneling is significant in 2,2-dihydroxypropionic acid (DHPA) and DHPA–H2O formation and MGY production, resulting in increased rates for DHPA formation. This implies a competition between PA decomposition and hydration in atmospheric conditions and a strong water concentration and temperature dependence.
Discovery of a small protein factor involved in the coordinated degradation of phycobilisomes in cyanobacteria
Authors: Krauspe Vanessa , Fahrner Matthias , Spät Philipp , Steglich Claudia , Frankenberg-Dinkel Nicole , Maček Boris , Schilling Oliver , Hess Wolfgang R. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
During genome analysis, genes encoding small proteins are frequently neglected. Accordingly, small proteins have remained underinvestigated in all domains of life. Based on a previous systematic search for such genes, we present the functional analysis of the 66 amino acids protein NblD in a photosynthetic cyanobacterium. We show that NblD plays a crucial role during the coordinated dismantling of phycobilisome light-harvesting complexes. This disassembly is triggered when the cells become starved for nitrogen, a condition that frequently occurs in nature. Similar to NblA that tags phycobiliproteins for proteolysis, NblD binds to phycocyanin polypeptides but has a different function. The results show that, even in a well-investigated process, crucial new players can be discovered if small proteins are taken into consideration.
A lower-than-expected saltation threshold at Martian pressure and below
Authors: Andreotti Bruno , Claudin Philippe , Iversen Jens Jacob , Merrison Jonathan P. , Rasmussen Keld R. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Reproducing aeolian transport of grains in low-pressure conditions, we have discovered a saltation regime where the transport threshold is significantly lower than one would expect from the extrapolation of what is observed in ambient conditions. This regime is relevant for the Martian environment, where the observed wind-blown bedforms reveal aeolian sediment transport as a major geomorphic agent shaping the landscape of the planet. This surprising result reveals the existence of yet-unknown processes and provides a challenge for our fundamental understanding of sediment transport on planetary bodies in general. We also reproduce bedforms analogous to small (decimeter-scale) Martian impact ripples, whose photographs taken by NASA’s Curiosity rover were a surprise and could be used as proxies to estimate sand fluxes remotely.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Sr-85 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 85Sr to include the 2018 result of the PTB (Germany)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Nälhle O , Takács M 
Published: January 2021

Main text
Since 1975, 10 laboratories have submitted 28 samples of 85Sr to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Sr-85. Recently, the PTB Germany) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Effects of electric charges on serum protein aggregation induced by a low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Sakakita Hajime , Yamada Hiromasa , Shimizu Tetsuji , Fujiwara Masanori , Kato Susumu , Kim Jaeho , Ikehara Sanae , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Ikehara Yuzuru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To understand the aggregation mechanism of serum protein dispersed in the solution of distilled water induced by a low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma, we compared the relationship between the amount of aggregation and experimental condition dependencies such as gas species, gas flow rate, and the distance between the plasma device and the solution. In this experiment, pure argon, helium, and/or a mixture of helium and argon gases were used. From statistical analyses of various experimental conditions, it was found that a monotonic supply of total absolute charge in one period was important for protein aggregation. When the coefficient of variation (standard deviations/averaged total absolute charges during one period) is small, the amount of protein aggregation becomes larger. Excess or scarcity of averaged total absolute charges does not appear to relate to protein aggregation phenomena; however, the coefficient of variation strongly relates to the mechanism of protein aggregation. Therefore, a possible serum protein aggregation process by low-temperature plasma treatment was proposed in which the serum protein, which had negative charges in the solution, was locally aggregated through the trigger of charge neutralization induced by a stable charge supply, and/or positively charged aggregated protein on the solution surface attracted serum protein in the solution to the surface.
Neutron diffraction study of magnetism in van der Waals layered MnBi2n
Te3n+1
Authors: Ding Lei , Hu Chaowei , Feng Erxi , Jiang Chenyang , Kibalin Iurii A , Gukasov Arsen , Chi MiaoFang , Ni Ni , Cao Huibo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional van der Waals MnBi2n
Te3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) compounds have been recently found to be intrinsic magnetic topological insulators rendering quantum anomalous Hall effect and diverse topological states. Here, we summarize and compare the crystal and magnetic structures of this family, and discuss the effects of chemical composition on their magnetism. We found that a considerable fraction of Bi occupies at the Mn sites in MnBi2n
Te3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) while there is no detectable Mn at the non-magnetic atomic sites within the resolution of neutron diffraction experiments. The occupancy of Mn monotonically decreases with the increase of n. The polarized neutron diffraction on the representative MnBi4Te7 reveals that its magnetization density is exclusively accumulated at the Mn site, in good agreement with the results from the unpolarized neutron diffraction. The defects of Bi at the Mn site naturally explain the continuously reduced saturated magnetic moments from n = 1 to n = 4. The experimentally estimated critical exponents of all the compounds generally suggest a three-dimensional character of magnetism. Our work provides material-specified structural parameters that may be useful for band structure calculations to understand the observed topological surface states and for designing quantum magnetic materials through chemical doping.
Magneto-optical rotation of surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Rahman Habibur , Ali Hazrat , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ud Din Rafi , Ge Guo-Qin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate magneto-optical rotation (MOR) of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the interface of a metal and a four-level atomic system. The MOR of SPPs can be controlled and modified with the intensity and frequency of the applied fields. We show the birefringence enhancement of the weak probe fields propagating through the atomic medium in the presence of the static magnetic field. The external magnetic field has a vital role in the generation and control over the MOR of SPPs. The MOR completely stops when either the external magnetic field or the probe field or both are tuned to resonance. A pretty behavior of MOR of SPPs is observed for a specific set of control field frequency. The enhanced MOR of SPP has significant applications in atomic spectroscopy, optical communication, nano-photonics, optical switches, and precise measurement.
The twisted behavior of a rotating electrode atmospheric-pressure argon plasma jet
Authors: Liu J , Nie L , Xian Y , Lu X 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The twisted behavior of a rotating electrode atmospheric-pressure argon plasma jet is reported and its mechanism is investigated. It is found that the plasma channel turns into a smooth pathway when about 5% of O2 or 3% of N2 are added to the main working gas, argon. Further investigation shows that the rotational frequency of the electrode, which can enhance the turbulence of the gas flow, does not affect the appearance of the plasma channel for both pure argon and argon mixed with different amounts of O2/N2. The optical emission spectra show that the emission intensities of the transitions from seven excited argon levels to two metastable states decrease dramatically when O2/N2 is added. Detailed analyses suggest that when O2/N2 is added, both the concentrations of argon in the two metastable states and their lifetimes decrease significantly, which results in a transition of the discharge channel from a turbulent pathway to a smooth pathway. In short, the metastable state of argon rather than the seed electrons plays the key role in the appearance of the plasma channel.
Fermi surfaces of the topological semimetal CaSn3 probed through de Haas van Alphen oscillations
Authors: Siddiquee K A M Hasan , Munir Riffat , Dissanayake Charuni , Hu Xinzhe , Yadav Swapnil , Takano Yasumasa , Choi Eun Sang , Le Duy , Rahman Talat S , Nakajima Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the search of topological superconductors, nailing down the Fermiology of the normal state is as crucial a prerequisite as unraveling the superconducting pairing symmetry. In particular, the number of time-reversal-invariant momenta (TRIM) in the Brillouin zone enclosed by Fermi surfaces is closely linked to the topological class of time-reversal-invariant systems, and can experimentally be investigated. We report here a detailed study of de Haas van Alphen quantum oscillations in single crystals of the topological semimetal CaSn3 with torque magnetometry in high magnetic fields up to 35 T. In conjunction with density functional theory based calculations, the observed quantum oscillations frequencies indicate that the Fermi surfaces of CaSn3 enclose an odd number of TRIM, satisfying one of the proposed criteria to realize topological superconductivity. Nonzero Berry phases extracted from the magnetic oscillations also support the nontrivial topological nature of CaSn3.