bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating
Tablets of Salbutamol Sulphate using a Combination of Superdisintegrant
and Subliming Agent
Authors: Belete Anteneh , Ejeta Fikadu , Gabriel Tesfaye , Joseph Nisha Mary 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
The present research work was aimed to formulate fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs)
of salbutamol sulphate (SBS) using a combination of a superdisintegrant and a subliming agent,
optimize the formulation and evaluate the in vitro performance of the developed FDTs.

Materials and Methods:
A formulation of SBS FDT was developed using a combination of superdisintegrant
- crospovidone and subliming agent - Ammonium Bicarbonate (AB) in which formulation
variables, namely levels of crospovidone and Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC):Mannitol (MNTL)
ratio, were evaluated for their effects on the response variables, disintegration time, hardness,
friability and wetting time, of the resulting FDTs. By employing Central Composite Design
(CCD) methodology, the FDTs were optimized to achieve optimum levels of the formulation factors.

Results:
The desired optimum condition was obtained at 7.82% crospovidone and 70% of 1.56:1
MCC: MNTL ratio, while maintaining AB at 5% level for aesthetic reasons. Under the optimized
conditions, the disintegration time, hardness, friability, and wetting time were 14.57 ± 0.53 sec,
7.17 ± 0.82 kg/cm2, 0.311% and 13.14 ± 0.69 sec, respectively. The experimentally observed responses
were found to be in close agreement with the predicted values for the optimized formulation.
Moreover, the validity of the obtained optimal point was confirmed by the low magnitude of
percent prediction error (< 5%).

Conclusion:
FDTs of SBS were successfully formulated and optimized using CCD employing a
combination of a superdisintegrant and a subliming agent.
Arterial Stiffness and Type 1 Diabetes: The Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Kulecki Michal , Uruska Aleksandra , Naskret Dariusz , Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz Dorota 
Published: June 2021

:
The most common cause of mortality among people with type 1 diabetes is cardiovascular
diseases. Arterial stiffness allows predicting cardiovascular complications, cardiovascular mortality,
and all-cause mortality. There are different ways to measure arterial stiffness; the gold standard
is pulse wave velocity. Arterial stiffness is increased in people with type 1 diabetes compared
to healthy controls. It increases with age and duration of type 1 diabetes. Arterial stiffness among
people with type 1 diabetes positively correlates with systolic blood pressure, obesity, glycated hemoglobin,
waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio. It has a negative correlation with the estimated
glomerular filtration rate, high-density lipoprotein, and the absence of carotid plaques. The increased
arterial stiffness could result from insulin resistance, collagen increase due to inadequate
enzymatic glycation, and endothelial and autonomic dysfunction. The insulin-induced decrease in
arterial stiffness is impaired in type 1 diabetes. There are not enough proofs to use pharmacotherapy
in the prevention of arterial stiffness, but some of the medicaments got promising results in single
studies, for example, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, statins, and SGLT2 inhibitors.
The main strategy of prevention of arterial stiffness progression remains glycemic control
and a healthy lifestyle.
Clinical Assessment of Autonomic Function in Fibromyalgia by the
Refined and Abbreviated Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS
31): A Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Puri Basant K. , Lee Gary S. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
It has been shown that autonomic dysfunction in fibromyalgia can be assessed
by the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS) questionnaire. More recently, a
refined and much abbreviated 31-item version of the questionnaire has been developed, the COMPASS
31.

Objectives:
First, to determine whether the COMPASS 31 can assess changes in autonomic function
in fibromyalgia. Second, to assess whether the COMPASS 31 values in fibromyalgia patients
are positively correlated with scores on the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR).

Method:
A cross-sectional, case-controlled study was carried out with 25 fibromyalgia patients
and 26 healthy controls.

Results:
The two groups were matched for age, sex and ethnicity, but not for body mass index
(BMI). The total mean (standard error) COMPASS 31 for the fibromyalgia patients, 37.2 (1.8), differentiated
the patients from the controls (9.5 (1.4); p < 0.00000001). The scores were greater in
the fibromyalgia patients across all COMPASS 31 autonomic domains, namely orthostatic intolerance
(p < 0.00000001), and vasomotor (p < 0.0001), secretomotor (p < 0.000001), gastrointestinal
(p < 0.000001), bladder (p < 0.00001) and pupillomotor functions (p < 0.00000001). The total
COMPASS 31 values were positively correlated with FIQR scores (rs = 0.45, p < 0.05). General linear
modelling of the COMPASS 31 scores showed that only group status (fibromyalgia or control)
was significant (p = 3.4 × 10-16), with age, sex and BMI being non-significant.

Conclusion:
This study confirms that non-pain autonomic dysfunction symptoms occur in fibromyalgia
and can be assessed with the COMPASS 31.
Sliding Mode Control of a 2DOF Robot Manipulator: A Simulation Study
Using Artificial Neural Networks with Minimum Parameter Learning
Authors: Saidi Imen , Touati Nahla 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In this paper we have developed an intelligent control law for the control
of mobile manipulator robots by investigating the various techniques proposed in the literature.
Thus, we have adopted a hybrid approach integrating part of classical and advanced automation in
order to create an efficient control structure that can cope with a certain level of complexity. Our
research logic is based on the process of keeping in mind that the control system must comply
with the constraints imposed during the implementation of the control architecture.

Objective:
This paper aims to develop a control law in order to guarantee a certain level of performance
and, more precisely, during a trajectory tracking application for mobile handling missions.
The developed control law guarantees robustness with respect to external disturbances and
parametric uncertainties due to the modelling of the system.

Methods:
In this paper, a study of the basic concepts of robotics and robot modelling is presented
in order to set up the dynamic model used for the elaboration of the command. A sliding-mode
controller based on a radial base function neural network with minimum parameter learning is developed
for the Pelican robot as a two link robot manipulator. This approach, which combines a
Radial Base Function Neuronal Network (RBFNN) and a Sliding Mode Control (SMC), is presented
for the tracking control of this class of systems with unknown nonlinearities. The centres
and outputs weights of the RBFNN are updated via online learning in accordance with the adaptive
laws, allowing the control output of the neural network to approach the equivalent control in
the sliding mode in the predetermined direction. The Lyapunov function is used to develop the
adaptive control algorithm based on the RBFNN model. To reduce computational load and increase
real-time arm performance, an RBFNN-based on the SMC with the Minimum Parameter
Learning (MPL) method is designed.

Results:
Neural network sliding mode control is designed to underline the effectiveness of the approach
to control the manipulator. This method of control ensure the tracking trajectories.

Conclusion:
The results of the simulation for the manipulator arm presented demonstrates the effectiveness
of the modelling strategy, the correction and the robustness of the control approach.
Designing a Clinical Decision Support Tool That Leverages Machine Learning for Suicide Risk Prediction: Development Study in Partnership With Native American Care Providers
Authors: Haroz Emily E , Grubin Fiona , Goklish Novalene , Pioche Shardai , Cwik Mary , Barlow Allison , Waugh Emma , Usher Jason , Lenert Matthew C , Walsh Colin G 
Published: June 2021

Background
Machine learning algorithms for suicide risk prediction have been developed with notable improvements in accuracy. Implementing these algorithms to enhance clinical care and reduce suicide has not been well studied.

Objective
This study aims to design a clinical decision support tool and appropriate care pathways for community-based suicide surveillance and case management systems operating on Native American reservations.

Methods
Participants included Native American case managers and supervisors (N=9) who worked on suicide surveillance and case management programs on 2 Native American reservations. We used in-depth interviews to understand how case managers think about and respond to suicide risk. The results from interviews informed a draft clinical decision support tool, which was then reviewed with supervisors and combined with appropriate care pathways.

Results
Case managers reported acceptance of risk flags based on a predictive algorithm in their surveillance system tools, particularly if the information was available in a timely manner and used in conjunction with their clinical judgment. Implementation of risk flags needed to be programmed on a dichotomous basis, so the algorithm could produce output indicating high versus low risk. To dichotomize the continuous predicted probabilities, we developed a cutoff point that favored specificity, with the understanding that case managers’ clinical judgment would help increase sensitivity.

Conclusions
Suicide risk prediction algorithms show promise, but implementation to guide clinical care remains relatively elusive. Our study demonstrates the utility of working with partners to develop and guide the operationalization of risk prediction algorithms to enhance clinical care in a community setting.
Development of a Mobile App to Support Self-management of Anxiety and Depression in African American Women: Usability Study
Authors: McCall Terika , Ali Muhammad Osama , Yu Fei , Fontelo Paul , Khairat Saif 
Published: June 2021

Background
Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common mental health conditions among African American women. Despite the need for mental health care, African American women significantly underuse mental health services. Previous mobile health studies revealed significant improvements in anxiety or depressive symptoms after intervention. The use of mobile apps offers the potential to eliminate or mitigate barriers for African American women who are seeking access to mental health services and resources.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the usability of the prototype of an app that is designed for supporting the self-management of anxiety and depression in African American women.

Methods
Individual usability testing sessions were conducted with 15 participants in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Cognitive walkthrough and think-aloud protocols were used to evaluate the user interface. Eye-tracking glasses were used to record participants’ visual focus and gaze path as they performed the tasks. The Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction was administered after each session to assess the participants’ acceptance of the app.

Results
Participants rated the usability of the prototype positively and provided recommendations for improvement. The average of the mean scores for usability assessments (ie, overall reactions to the software, screen, terminology and app information, learning, and app capabilities) ranged from 7.2 to 8.8 on a scale of 0-9 (low to high rating) for user tasks. Most participants were able to complete each task with limited or no assistance. Design recommendations included improving the user interface by adding graphics and color, adding a tutorial for first-time users, curating a list of Black women therapists within the app, adding details about tracking anxiety and depression in the checkup graphs, informing users that they can use the talk-to-text feature for journal entries to reduce burden, relabeling the mental health information icon, monitoring for crisis support, and improving clickthrough sequencing.

Conclusions
This study provides a better understanding of user experience with an app tailored to support the management of anxiety and depression for African American women, which is an underserved group. As African American women have high rates of smartphone ownership, there is a great opportunity to use mobile technology to provide access to needed mental health services and resources. Future work will include incorporating feedback from usability testing and focus group sessions to refine and develop the app further. The updated app will undergo iterative usability testing before launching the pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the prototype.
The Characteristics and Risk Factors of Web-Based Sexual Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Eastern China: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Wanjun , Jiang Tingting , Ni Zhikan , Ma Qiaoqin , Pan Xiaohong 
Published: June 2021

Background
Finding casual sex partners on the internet has been considered a huge challenge for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.

Objective
This study aimed to identify the characteristics and risk factors of finding causal sex partners on the internet among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled by 4 community-based organizations (CBOs) and 10 Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) clinics through advertisements in bathrooms, bars, and gay hook-up apps from June to December 2018. A CBO- or physician-assisted survey was conducted to collected information on finding casual sex partners, perceived HIV infection, and HIV risk behaviors.

Results
Among 767 participants, 310 (40.4%) reported finding causal sex partners on the internet. Factors associated with finding casual sex partners on the internet included watching pornographic videos on the internet more than once a week (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.881, 95% CI 1.201-2.948), discussing “hooking-up online” with friends (aOR=4.018, 95% CI 2.910-5.548), and perceiving that the likelihood of HIV infection among casual sex partners sought on the internet was “medium” (aOR=2.034, 95% CI 1.441-2.873) or “low” (aOR=2.548, 95% CI 1.524-4.259). Among the participants who reported finding casual sex partners on the internet, 30.2% (91/310) reported having unprotected sex with casual sex partners encountered on the internet in the past 6 months. On multivariate logistic regression analyses, knowing the HIV infection status of casual sex partners sought on the internet was significantly associated with performing inserted intercourse (aOR=1.907, 95% CI 1.100-3.306) and a decreased risk of inconsistent condom use (aOR=0.327, 95% CI 0.167-0.642).

Conclusions
Web-based casual sexual behavior is becoming more prevalent, and the rate of unprotected sex among MSM in Zhejiang Province is high. Future HIV prevention approaches should emphasize the importance for MSM to proactively determine the HIV infection status of potential casual sex partners sought on the internet.
Kualitas Hijauan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) Berbeda Tipe Pertumbuhan: Review Kuantitatif
Authors: Dumadi Eko Heru , Abdullah Luki , Sukria Heri 
Published: June 2021

Study on the data of forage quality was conducted to determine the quality of napier grass forage with different growth and morfological type. In Indonesia, there are two types of napier grass, namely the tall and short type. The data used in this study were of proximate and van soest analysis of tall-type napier grass forage Pennisetum purpureum Schum and short-type napier grass, cultivar Mott dwarf, which were obtained from the Bekasi Feed Quality and Certification Center and data obtained from journals. The results of the study showed that dry matter content of short-type napier grass was higher than those of tall-type napier grass (23% vs 20%), while fiber fractions such as crude fiber, NDF and ADF of short-type napier grass were lower than those of tall-type napier grass 32% vs 29%, 70% vs 65%, 43% vs 39%, respectively. It is therefore relative forage quality (RFQ) of short-type napier grass was higher than those of tall-type napier grass (68 vs 57). It is concluded that related to dry matter and fiber fraction value, the quality of short-type napier grass (cv. Mott) is better than those of tall-type napier grass.
Key words: cultivar Mott, Pennisetum purpureum, relative forage quality (RFQ), short-type napier grass, tall-type napier grass
Self-Directed Learning Readiness of the Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Study from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Koirala Namu , Kafle Shyam P 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Self-directed learning is one of the concepts of learning which is mostly used in higher education, especially in the discipline of medicine and paramedics.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the self-directed learning readiness of the undergraduate nursing students and to find out its association with selected demographic variables.
Methodology: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was undertaken among undergraduate nursing students from three nursing colleges of Eastern Nepal; from January 2019 to August 2020. The nursing colleges were randomly selected; one constituent nursing college and two colleges affiliated to Purbanchal University. Census sampling method was adopted and 565 students were enrolled. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the institute. Data was collected using a self administered, valid and standard tool: Williamson's Self Rating Scale for Self-directed Learning (SRSSDL) via online google forms, then transferred to Microsoft EXCEL. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16.0 version. Mean, median, standard deviation, range, chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test were used for data analysis.
Result: Overall Self-directed Learning score was 244.83±30.15. The majority of the respondents (79.3%) had high scores of SRSSDL (221-300) and 20.7% of the respondents had moderate levels of SRSSDL (141-220). The demographic variables didn't exert any significant effect on the overall level of SRSSDL but varied only with the sub-dimensions of SRSSDL.
Conclusion: This study shows that overall self-directed learning among nursing students is moderate to high and the subdimensions have significant associations with demographics and academic level.
Assessment of Quality of Life and Treatment Adherence in Patients under Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Thapa Dejina , Koirala Pooja , Chaulagain Durga , Kafle Tara , Belbase Deepak , Bhagat Subhadra 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease causes sudden changes in the daily lives of patients and creates a great impact on their quality of life. Failure of adherence in Hemodialysis can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, cost, and burden on health care system.
Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the quality of life and adherence to treatment of patients undergoing Hemodialysis.
Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was carried out at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, among 96 patients who were under HD using convenience sampling technique. The data was collected through face to face interview for the period of 5 months. Quality of life and adherence to treatment were assessed using Kidney Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (KDQOL) and End Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD – AQ) respectively. The data was analyzed using t test, Spearman correlation statistics.
Results In this study, the overall mean score of quality of life (QOL) of patients under HD was 48.9±13.7. More than half (54.1%) of the patients had moderate adherence to treatment while 31.2% had good adherence. Domains with the highest and lowest scores on quality of life and adherence to treatment were social domain and illness impact and adherence to HD treatment and diet restriction, respectively. There was statistically significant association between total score of quality of life and duration of HD (p≤0.05). Likewise, there was statistically significant association between adherence to treatment and marital status (p≤0.05), educational status (p≤0.05), ethnicity (p≤0.05), duration of illness (p≤0.05). Poor correlation (r= 0.273) was observed between quality of life and adherence to treatment.
Conclusion: On average, the kidney disease component dimension of quality of life of patients under HD is higher and the overall level of adherence to treatment was moderate. Thus proper periodic counseling on illness and its long term impact, regular follow up as well as information on adherance to dietary measures are important to improve the quality of life and treatment adherance of patients under hemodialysis.
A Comparative Study between Ketamine and Lidocaine ro Decrease Propofol Injection Pain During Induction of Anesthesia
Authors: Khadka Bikash , Sharma Nil Raj 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Pain during the injection of anesthetic agents may be distressing and can reduce the acceptability of an otherwise useful agent such as propofol during daycare surgeries. Lidocaine and ketamine both are used as pre-treatment to decrease propofol induced pain. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of ketamine injection to decrease propofol-induced pain in comparison to lidocaine injection.
Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional comparative study. Eighty-nine cases were divided into two groups where group K received ketamine 2 ml (0.2 mg/kg) whereas group L received lidocaine 2% 2ml (0.5 mg/kg) after venous occlusion with rubber tourniquet. One-fourth dose of propofol was injected 1 min after release of tourniquet and pain accessed at 0, 1, and 2 minutes of propofol injection with a verbal response and behavioral signs. Chi-square test and paired T-test were used and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Result: Regarding hemodynamic, oxygenation, and adverse effects there was no significant difference. Immediately after propofol injection, only 1 patient of the ketamine group had mild pain (2.22%) while 12 patients from the lignocaine group had mild pain (27.27%) with a p-value of 0.009. Also after 2 minutes of propofol injection, only 12 cases had mild pain i.e. 13.48% (1 from ketamine group i.e. 2.22% and 11 from lidocaine group i.e. 25%) with p-value of 0.002.
Conclusion: Our study helps prove low-dose ketamine is more effective in reducing the incidence and severity of pain on injection of propofol in comparison to Lidocaine with better hemodynamic stability.