bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An update on magnesium and bone health
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Faliva Milena Anna , Tartara Alice , Gasparri Clara , Perna Simone , Infantino Vittoria , Riva Antonella , Petrangolini Giovanna , Peroni Gabriella 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 2009 EFSA Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the dietary intake of magnesium (Mg) and maintenance of normal bone. After 2009, numerous studies have been published, but no reviews have made an update on this topic. So, the aim of this narrative review was to consider the state of the art since 2009 on relationship between Mg blood levels, Mg dietary intake and Mg dietary supplementation (alone or with other micronutrients; this last topic has been considered since 1990, because it is not included in the EFSA claims) and bone health in humans. This review included 28 eligible studies: nine studies concern Mg blood, 12 studies concern Mg intake and seven studies concern Mg supplementation, alone or in combination with other nutrients. From the various studies carried out on the serum concentration of Mg and its relationship with the bone, it has been shown that lower values are related to the presence of osteoporosis, and that about 30–40% of the subjects analyzed (mainly menopausal women) have hypomagnesaemia. Various dietetic investigations have shown that many people (about 20%) constantly consume lower quantities of Mg than recommended; moreover, in this category, a lower bone mineral density and a higher fracturing risk have been found. Considering the intervention studies published to date on supplementation with Mg, most have used this mineral in the form of citrate, carbonate or oxide, with a dosage varying between 250 and 1800 mg. In all studies there was a benefit both in terms of bone mineral density and fracture risk.
Prolonged Siberian heat of 2020 almost impossible without human influence
Authors: Ciavarella Andrew , Cotterill Daniel , Stott Peter , Kew Sarah , Philip Sjoukje , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Skålevåg Amalie , Lorenz Philip , Robin Yoann , Otto Friederike , Hauser Mathias , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Lehner Flavio , Zolina Olga 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the first half of 2020, Siberia experienced the warmest period from January to June since records began and on the 20th of June the weather station at Verkhoyansk reported 38 °C, the highest daily maximum temperature recorded north of the Arctic Circle. We present a multi-model, multi-method analysis on how anthropogenic climate change affected the probability of these events occurring using both observational datasets and a large collection of climate models, including state-of-the-art higher-resolution simulations designed for attribution and many from the latest generation of coupled ocean-atmosphere models, CMIP6. Conscious that the impacts of heatwaves can span large differences in spatial and temporal scales, we focus on two measures of the extreme Siberian heat of 2020: January to June mean temperatures over a large Siberian region and maximum daily temperatures in the vicinity of the town of Verkhoyansk. We show that human-induced climate change has dramatically increased the probability of occurrence and magnitude of extremes in both of these (with lower confidence for the probability for Verkhoyansk) and that without human influence the temperatures widely experienced in Siberia in the first half of 2020 would have been practically impossible.
Generative learning strategies do not diminish primary students’ attitudes towards augmented reality
Authors: Buchner Josef 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDo generative learning strategies influence the motivational and affective factors of learning with augmented reality? This article explores this highly topical new question in the field of research on educational technology and reports the results of a value-added study that compares two mobile AR learning environments with or without additional learning strategies. A total of 56 primary school students participated and learned with augmented reality (AR) learning materials either in an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group learned with AR and additional learning strategies based on generative learning theory, namely, self-explanation and self-testing. The control group learned only with AR. It was investigated whether the addition of learning strategies would lead to a reduction in positive attitudes towards AR as a learning technology. The experimental group of students showed overall positive attitudes towards AR as a learning technology at approximately the same level as the control group. However, significant differences were found for the skepticism subscale, indicating that learners who learned with both AR and learning strategies were more skeptical about AR as a learning technology than those who learned only with AR. Gender differences were also found for the accessibility subscale, with male participants considering the AR technology to be easier to access outside of the classroom too. The impact of these results on theory and practice as well as further research directions is discussed.
Is There a Place for Responsible Artificial Intelligence in Pandemics? A Tale of Two Countries
Authors: El-Haddadeh Ramzi , Fadlalla Adam , Hindi Nitham M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research examines the considerations of responsible Artificial Intelligence in the deployment of AI-based COVID-19 digital proximity tracking and tracing applications in two countries; the State of Qatar and the United Kingdom. Based on the alignment level analysis with the Good AI Society’s framework and sentiment analysis of official tweets, the diagnostic analysis resulted in contrastive findings for the two applications. While the application EHTERAZ (Arabic for precaution) in Qatar has fallen short in adhering to the responsible AI requirements, it has contributed significantly to controlling the pandemic. On the other hand, the UK’s NHS COVID-19 application has exhibited limited success in fighting the virus despite relatively abiding by these requirements. This underlines the need for obtaining a practical and contextual view for a comprehensive discourse on responsible AI in healthcare. Thereby offering necessary guidance for striking a balance between responsible AI requirements and managing pressures towards fighting the pandemic.
Neochloris oleoabundans oil production in an outdoor tubular photobioreactor at pilot scale
Authors: Norsker Niels-Henrik , Cuaresma Maria , de Vree Jeroen , Ruiz-Domínguez Mari Carmen , García Maria Carmen Márquez , Uronen Pauliina , Barbosa Maria J. , Wijffels René 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOil production was tested with Neochloris oleoabundans in a 6 m3, horizontal soft sleeve tubular reactor from 22 October to 7 November in Matalascañas, southern Spain. Biomass productivity during the nitrogen replete phase was 7.4 g dw m−2 day−1. Maximum lipid content in the biomass was 39% and average lipid productivity during the nitrogen depletion phase was 2.0 g m−2 day−1. Nitrogen depletion of the cultures was carried out in order to enhance fatty acid formation, using the inverse nitrogen quota in the biomass to predict the fatty acid content. TFA concentration at harvest was 14% DW, compared to a value of 17%, predicted by the inverse nitrogen quota. The overall feasibility of the horizontal tubular technology for microalgal oil production, including mixing energy expenditure, was evaluated.
Urban qualities and residents’ strategies in compact global south cities: the case of Havana
Authors: Zapata Campos María José , Kain Jaan-Henrik , Oloko Michael , Stenberg Jenny , Zapata Patrik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch and policy argue for more compact cities to respond to sustainable development challenges. However,whatactually needs to be made more compact andhow,is under examined, particularly in global South cities where north notions of urban qualities are adopted without being questioned. Informed by a qualitative study in informal and compact neighborhoods in Havana, this paper explores which qualities are important to deliver more just cities, and what strategies are developed by residents to strengthen beneficial qualities and address detrimental qualities in contexts of informal urbanization and compactness. It shows how the street, human capital, neighborhood, housing affordability, citizenship and vibrancy are significant compact city qualities neglected in the literature. Finally, the paper shows how diverse strategies are developed by residents to draw upon these qualities, such as self-help urbanism, learning and innovation, economic entrepreneurship, networks of solidarity, economies of reciprocity, local imaginaries and active citizenship.
Probabilities with Gaps and Gluts
Authors: Klein Dominik , Majer Ondrej , Rafiee Rad Soroush 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBelnap-Dunn logic (BD), sometimes also known as First Degree Entailment, is a four-valued propositional logic that complements the classical truth values of True and False with two non-classical truth values Neither and Both. The latter two are to account for the possibility of the available information being incomplete or providing contradictory evidence. In this paper, we present a probabilistic extension of BD that permits agents to have probabilistic beliefs about the truth and falsity of a proposition. We provide a sound and complete axiomatization for the framework defined and also identify policies for conditionalization and aggregation. Concretely, we introduce four-valued equivalents of Bayes’ and Jeffrey updating and also suggest mechanisms for aggregating information from different sources.
Dying as an issue of public concern: cultural scripts on palliative care in Sweden
Authors: Agren Axel , Nedlund Ann-Charlotte , Cedersund Elisabet , Krevers Barbro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Sweden, palliative care has, over the past decades, been object to policies and guidelines with focus on how to achieve “good palliative care”. The aim of this study has been to analyse how experts make sense of the development and the current state of palliative care. Departing from this aim, focus has been on identifying how personal experiences of ‘the self’ are intertwined with culturally available meta-level concepts and how experts contribute to construct new scripts on palliative care. Twelve qualitative interviews were conducted. Four scripts were identified after analysing the empirical material: 1. script of paths towards working within palliative care; 2. script of desirable and deterrent reference points; 3. script of tensions between improvement and bureaucracy; and 4. script of low status and uncertain definitions. The findings of this study illustrate how experts in complex ways intertwine experiences of ‘the self’ with meta-levels concepts in order to make sense of the field of palliative care. The participants did not endorse one “right way” of “good” deaths. Instead, palliative care was considered to be located in a complex state where the historical development, consisting of both desirable ideals, death denials and lack of guidelines, and more recent developments of strives towards universal concepts, “improvement” and increased bureaucracy altogether played a significant role for how palliative care has developed and is organised and conducted today.
On-Site Citizenship Education: An Effective Way of Boosting Democratic Engagement and Reducing Inequalities Among Young People?
Authors: Mulder Laura E. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn response to concerns about a lack of democratic engagement among youngsters, many governments intensify their efforts to stimulate democratic engagement and reduce inequalities between advantaged and disadvantaged adolescents. One of the ways in which they try to do this is by on-site citizenship education programs. These include visits to a government institution, interaction with government officials and the reenactment of government institutions. Yet, it remains unclear whether these programs actually boost democratic engagement and compensate inequalities in democratic engagement. This study explores the effect of on-site citizenship education on (inequalities in) democratic engagement. In order to ensure that potential effects are truly attributable to the on-site citizenship program, I isolate the hypothesized causal effects by employing a quasi-experimental design with Difference-in-Difference estimation, reducing selection effects, and controlling for pre-test sensitization and time period. Moreover, I assessed whether the effects last over the course of a school year. The newly collected data consist of four waves among 585 students in thirty classes and three schools. The results show that the high expectations of on-site citizenship education need to be tempered: the main Dutch on-site citizenship program has a robust and lasting effect on political knowledge, but not on political attitudes and behaviors. Moreover, the program generally does not reduce pre-existing inequalities.
Bioengineering potato plants to produce benzylglucosinolate for improved broad-spectrum pest and disease resistance
Authors: González-Romero M. E. , Rivera C. , Cancino K. , Geu-Flores F. , Cosio E. G. , Ghislain M. , Halkier B. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn traditional, small-scale agriculture in the Andes, potatoes are frequently co-cultivated with the Andean edible tuber Tropaeolum tuberosum, commonly known as mashua, which is believed to exert a pest and disease protective role due to its content of the phenylalanine-derived benzylglucosinolate (BGLS). We bioengineered the production of BGLS in potato by consecutive generation of stable transgenic events with two polycistronic constructs encoding for expression of six BGLS biosynthetic genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. First, we integrated a polycistronic construct coding for the last three genes of the pathway (SUR1, UGT74B1 and SOT16) into potato driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. After identifying the single-insertion transgenic event with the highest transgene expression, we stacked a second polycistronic construct coding for the first three genes in the pathway (CYP79A2, CYP83B1 and GGP1) driven by the leaf-specific promoter of the rubisco small subunit from chrysanthemum. We obtained transgenic events producing as high as 5.18 pmol BGLS/mg fresh weight compared to the non-transgenic potato plant producing undetectable levels of BGLS. Preliminary bioassays suggest a possible activity against Phytophthora infestans, causing the late blight disease and Premnotrypes suturicallus, referred to as the Andean potato weevil. However, we observed altered leaf morphology, abnormally thick and curlier leaves, reduced growth and tuber production in five out of ten selected transgenic events, which indicates that the expression of BGLS biosynthetic genes has an undesirable impact on the potato. Optimization of the expression of the BGLS biosynthetic pathway in potato is required to avoid alterations of plant development.
Graphical abstract
Targeted risk assessment of mercury exposure of recreational fishers: Are nephrops fishers in Norway at risk?
Authors: Wiech Martin , Djønne Christine , Kolding Jeppe , Kjellevold Marian , Ferter Keno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecreational fishers often consume their catch, which may expose them to environmental contaminants. However, targeted risk assessment for exceeding the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of a specific contaminant is often lacking, as specific data on the extent of fishing, consumption rates, and contamination of the caught seafood is needed. This study examined recreational fishing for nephrops (Nephrops norvegicus) at several different locations in Western Norway to identify important risk factors. The combination of a field survey to examine actual catches, interviews of recreational fishers about their seafood eating habits, and the analysis of total mercury (Hg, as a proxy for methylmercury (MeHg)) in recreationally captured nephrops allowed to conduct a targeted risk assessment. Recreational fishers consumed on average seven nephrops per meal, and 73% of the fishers ate nephrops once a month or more. The average Hg concentrations in nephrops were below the legal maximum level (100 ± 50 μg/kg wet weight (mean ± SD)). Hg concentrations in female nephrops were significantly higher than in males at the same size, and differed significantly between locations. The recreational fishers in this study were not at risk of exceeding the TWI for MeHg from consuming nephrops only; however, there is a general risk of exceeding TWI for MeHg as 70% of the fishers reported a frequent consumption of fish for dinner. Targeted risk assessments on recreational fishers may reveal particularly vulnerable populations where national dietary surveys may miss the highest seafood consumers.
Graphical abstract
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bottom sediments of a dam reservoir, their interaction with organic matter and risk to benthic fauna
Authors: Baran Agnieszka , Klimkowicz-Pawlas Agnieszka , Ukalska-Jaruga Aleksandra , Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika , Gondek Krzysztof , Szara-Bąk Magdalena , Tarnawski Marek , Spałek Iwona 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of the study were to investigate the interaction between fractions of organic matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bottom sediments and to use mussels as passive biomonitors and consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for ecological risk assessment in sediments.

Methods
Bottom sediment samples were taken from 46 points located in the Rożnów reservoir (Poland). The sediment organic matter (SOM) characteristics included total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), humic acid carbon (Cha), fulvic acid carbon (Cfa), non-hydrolysing carbon (Cnh), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The extraction procedure was carried out in bottom sediments as well as in freeze-dried mussel tissue samples to directly determine the accumulation potential of PAHs to the living organisms in their natural environment.

Results
The content of organic matter fractions was in the following order: Cfa (fulvic acid) > Cnh (non-hydrolysing carbon) > Cha (humic acid) > DOC (dissolved organic carbon). The mean ∑16PAHs (μg kg−1) concentration was 1755.2 ± 724 (total) and 256 ± 254 (bioavailable) in sediments and 1740 ± 72.2 in the mussel tissues. A significant positive correlation was found between the concentration of PAHs in the mussel tissues and the total and bioavailable concentration of PAHs in bottom sediments.

Conclusion
The PAH concentration in bottom sediments depended on the stabile carbon forms Cnh. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that the fine fraction can significantly increase the bioavailability of PAHs and can be an important factor in the distribution of PAHs in the sediments.
Rehydration of dried mushroom specimens with Aerosol® OT for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Koch Janina Antonia , Fischer Alicia , Manz Cathrin , Rexer Karl-Heinz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMorphological, anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics are important for taxonomical and phylogenetic studies of fungi. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), usually only dry voucher specimens are available. For dried plant material, Aerosol® OT (AOT) has been shown to be a suitable rehydration agent for SEM preparation. For swelling and stabilization of fungal cells, however, this simple method does not yield satisfactory results. Here, we show that a combination of AOT with ultrasonic bath and rehydration in a vacuum desiccator is a good method to distend fungal cells like basidiospores and pleuro- and cheilocystidia for SEM analysis. Tissues of several species of Agaricomycetes with diverse morphological structures were exposed to the treatment. Diverse concentrations of AOT as well as treatments in an ultrasonic bath and a vacuum desiccator were tested to optimize the surface reconstruction and to reduce preparation artefacts. The evaluated rehydration method is a cheap, quick and nontoxic method to prepare dried specimens of fungal cells for SEM analysis.
Blood Clotting and the Pathogenesis of Types I and II Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: de Maat Steven , Joseph Kusumam , Maas Coen , Kaplan Allen P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe plasma contact system is the initiator of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the main producer of the inflammatory peptide bradykinin. When plasma is exposed to a negatively charged surface the two enzymes factor XII (FXII) and plasma prekallikrein (PK) bind to the surface alongside the co-factor high molecular weight kininogen (HK), where PK is non-covalently bound to. Here, FXII and PK undergo a reciprocal activation feedback loop that leads to full contact system activity in a matter of seconds. Although naturally occurring negatively charged surfaces have shown to be involved in the role of the contact system in thrombosis, such surfaces are elusive in the pathogenesis of bradykinin-driven hereditary angioedema (HAE). In this review, we will explore the molecular mechanisms behind contact system activation, their assembly on the endothelial surface, and their role in the HAE pathophysiology.
Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in the real-world setting in Spain
Authors: Escobar Álvarez Y. , De Castro Carpeño J. , Bell D. , Drago A. , Franceschetti A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Proper monitoring and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with antiemetics is crucial for cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the use of antiemetics for the treatment of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) including carboplatin in the real-world setting in Spain.

Methods
A representative panel of cancer specialists was asked to collect information about the antiemetic treatments provided to patients receiving chemotherapy. Records formed part of the Global Oncology Monitor© database (Ipsos Healthcare, London, UK). Chemotherapy data were extrapolated using Ipsos Healthcare’s projection methodology.

Results
A total of 73 experts were finally included. Data from 9519 patients, estimated to be representative of 202,084 patients, were collected. HEC (and carboplatin-based chemotherapy) was administered to 73,118 (36%) patients, cisplatin-based therapy being the most frequent treatment (n = 34,649, 47.38%). Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) alone or in combination were used as prophylaxis for CINV in 14,762 (20%) patients, while the combination of NK1RA with 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3RAs) and dexamethasone as recommended by the international guidelines was used in 5849 (8%) patients only. No antiemetic prophylaxis was administered to 8.46% of the patients receiving HEC (n = 6189). Physicians classified cisplatin-, anthracycline-cyclophosphamide (AC-), and carboplatin-based regimens as HEC in 63%, 22% and 4% of the cases, respectively.

Conclusions
The use of NK1RA-containing regimens for CINV prevention in patients treated with HEC was less than expected, suggesting poor adherence to international antiemetic guidelines.