bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the locking stage of NFGAILS amyloid fibrillation via transition manifold analysis
Authors: Bittracher Andreas , Moschner Johann , Koksch Beate , Netz Roland , Schütte Christof 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the application of the transition manifold framework to the late-stage fibrillation process of the NFGAILS peptide, a amyloidogenic fragment of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). This framework formulates machine learning methods for the analysis of multi-scale stochastic systems from short, massively parallel molecular dynamical simulations. We identify key intermediate states and dominant pathways of the process. Furthermore, we identify the optimally timescale-preserving reaction coordinate for the dock-lock process to a fixed pre-formed fibril and show that it exhibits strong correlation with the mean native hydrogen-bond distance. These results pave the way for a comprehensive model reduction and multi-scale analysis of amyloid fibrillation processes.

Graphic Abstract
Consumo de alcohol, marihuana y cocaína en estudiantes de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Authors: Calletti Godoy María José , Elsaca Merino Enrique , Kobus Garán Valentina Paz , Santander Jaime 
Published: September 2021

Introducción: El uso de sustancias en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes es un problema importante en Chile. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol, marihuana y cocaína entre los estudiantes de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), estudiar su relación con ciertas variables psicosociales y contrastar con estudios previos. Métodos: Se diseñó una encuesta voluntaria y de autoreporte, que incluyó el cuestionario “AUDIT” para consumo de alcohol, preguntas de la encuesta de Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol (SENDA) para consumo de marihuana y cocaína, y preguntas sobre características sociodemográficas. Resultados: Respondieron 559 estudiantes de un total de 857 (65,2%). La prevalencia de consumo de riesgo de alcohol fue 15,1%, mientras que de consumo perjudicial fue 5,2%. La prevalencia de consumo de marihuana fue 57,2% alguna vez en la vida, 38,2% el último año, y 18,5% el último mes. La prevalencia de consumo de cocaína fue 2,8% alguna vez en la vida, 1,6% el último año, y 0,5% el último mes. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas con las variables estudiadas. Conclusiones: Ha aumentado considerablemente el consumo de sustancias entre los estudiantes de medicina de la PUC. No obstante, la prevalencia es menor si se compara con el resto de estudiantes de educación superior chilena y similar a lo reportado en estudios de Norteamérica y Europa.
Nuevas perspectivas para el tratamiento de la infección por Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Velasco Bernardita , Duran Cynthia , Bahamondez Cañas Tania 
Published: September 2021

La infección por Helicobacter pylori es altamente prevalente en el mundo. En Chile, esta bacteria está presente entre un 40-70% de la población y su presencia está asociada a serias complicaciones que van desde la gastritis y el desarrollo de úlceras hasta el cáncer gástrico. Este último, es uno de los carcinomas más frecuentes en nuestro país, con una tasa de mortalidad de 20 por cada 100000 habitantes. Actualmente, el principal tratamiento de erradicación de esta bacteria se basa en triterapias, que consisten en un inhibidor de la bomba de protones (IBP) asociado a dos antibióticos en altas dosis. Sin embargo, existe una gran resistencia de H. pylori a los antibióticos, que ha sido reportada por la literatura científica y reconocida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Esta revisión se enfoca en identificar nuevas estrategias de tratamiento para la erradicación de H. pylori con especial interés en aquellos tratamientos que han sido evaluados contra el crecimiento de este patógeno en forma de biopelículas. Este tipo de crecimiento le confiere a H. pylori una mayor resistencia a los antibióticos. Se analizaron diferentes agentes y formulaciones que han sido reportados. Se destacan el uso de nanopartículas y compuestos naturales, así como formulaciones bioadhesivas que han mostrado disminuir la infección por H. pylori. Sin embargo, se sigue necesitando avanzar en estudios clínicos para comprobar la eficacia de nuevas formulaciones con miras a una exitosa erradicación de H. pylori.
Perspective Cues Make Eye-specific Contributions to 3-D Motion Perception
Authors: Thompson Lowell W. , Kim Byounghoon , Zhu Zikang , Rokers Bas , Rosenberg Ari 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Robust 3-D visual perception is achieved by integrating stereoscopic and perspective cues. The canonical model describing the integration of these cues assumes that perspective signals sensed by the left and right eyes are indiscriminately pooled into a single representation that contributes to perception. Here, we show that this model fails to account for 3-D motion perception. We measured the sensitivity of male macaque monkeys to 3-D motion signaled by left-eye perspective cues, right-eye perspective cues, stereoscopic cues, and all three cues combined. The monkeys exhibited idiosyncratic differences in their biases and sensitivities for each cue, including left- and right-eye perspective cues, suggesting that the signals undergo at least partially separate neural processing. Importantly, sensitivity to combined cue stimuli was greater than predicted by the canonical model, which previous studies found to account for the perception of 3-D orientation in both humans and monkeys. Instead, 3-D motion sensitivity was best explained by a model in which stereoscopic cues were integrated with left- and right-eye perspective cues whose representations were at least partially independent. These results indicate that the integration of perspective and stereoscopic cues is a shared computational strategy across 3-D processing domains. However, they also reveal a fundamental difference in how left- and right-eye perspective signals are represented for 3-D orientation versus motion perception. This difference results in more effective use of available sensory information in the processing of 3-D motion than orientation and may reflect the temporal urgency of avoiding and intercepting moving objects.
Investigating the Link Between Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Cognitive Control in Bilinguals Using Laplacian-Transformed Event Related Potentials
Authors: Mendoza Martha N. , Blumenfeld Henrike K. , Knight Robert T. , Ries Stephanie K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bilinguals’ need to suppress the activation of their other language while speaking has been proposed to result in enhanced cognitive control abilities outside of language. Several studies therefore suggest shared cognitive control processes across linguistic and non-linguistic tasks. Here we investigate this potential overlap using scalp electroencephalographic recordings and the Laplacian transformation, providing an estimation of the current source density and enabling the separation of EEG components in space. Fourteen Spanish-English bilinguals performed a picture-word matching task contrasting incongruent trials using cross-linguistic false cognates (e.g., a picture – foot, overlaid with distractor text: the English word PIE, i.e., the false cognate for the Spanish pie meaning “foot”) with congruent trials (matching English picture names and words, i.e., a picture – foot, with overlaid text: the English word FOOT), and an unrelated control condition. In addition, participants performed an arrow-version of the Eriksen flanker task. Worse behavioral performance was observed in incongruent compared to congruent trials in both tasks. In the non-linguistic task, we replicated the previously observed congruency effect on a medial-frontal event-related potential (ERP) peaking around 50 ms before electromyography (EMG) onset. A similar ERP was present in the linguistic task, was sensitive to congruency, and peaked earlier, around 150 ms before EMG onset. In addition, another component was found in the linguistic task at a left lateralized anterior frontal site peaking around 200 ms before EMG onset, but was absent in the non-linguistic task. Our results suggest a partial overlap between linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control processes and that linguistic conflict resolution may engage additional left anterior frontal control processes.
Present and future relations between ENSO and winter synoptic temperature variability over the Asian-Pacific-American region simulated by CMIP5/6
Authors: Jian Yuntao , Leung Marco Y. T. , Zhou Wen , Jian Maoqiu , Yang Song 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the relationship between ENSO and winter synoptic temperature variability (STV) over the Asian-Pacific-American region is examined in 26 CMIP5/6 model outputs. Compared to observations, most models fail to simulate the correct ENSO-STV relationship in historical simulations. To investigate the possible bias in the ENSO-STV simulations, two possible processes for the connection between ENSO and winter STV are examined in high pattern score (HPS) models and low pattern score (LPS) models, respectively. On the one hand, both HPS and LPS models can overall reproduce a reasonable relationship between STV and the mean-flow conditions supporting extratropical eddy development. On the other hand, only HPS models can well capture the relationship between ENSO and the development of extratropical eddies, while LPS models fail to simulate this feature, indicating that the bias in the simulated ENSO-STV relationship among CMIP5/6 models can be traced back to ENSO simulation. Furthermore, the bias of the ENSO simulation is characterized by an unreasonable SST pattern bias, with an excessive westward extension of warm SST anomalies over the western Pacific and weak warm SST anomalies over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific, resulting in the underestimation of the zonal SST anomaly gradient among models. Therefore, the ENSO pattern bias induces an unrealistic circulation and temperature gradient over the Asian-Pacific-American region, affecting the simulations of the ENSO-STV connection. In addition, the ENSO-STV relationship over the Asian-Pacific-American region is still robust in future projections based on HPS models, providing implications for the selection of future climate predictors.
Water Mass Transformation and Overturning Circulation in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Al-Shehhi Maryam R. , Song Hajoon , Scott Jeffery , Marshall John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe diagnose the ocean’s residual overturning circulation of the Arabian Gulf in a high-resolution model and interpret it in terms of water-mass transformation processes mediated by air–sea buoyancy fluxes and interior mixing. We attempt to rationalize the complex three-dimensional flow in terms of the superposition of a zonal (roughly along axis) and meridional (transverse) overturning pattern. Rates of overturning and the seasonal cycle of air–sea fluxes sustaining them are quantified and ranked in order of importance. Air–sea fluxes dominate the budget so that, at zero order, the magnitude and sense of the overturning circulation can be inferred from air–sea fluxes, with interior mixing playing a lesser role. We find that wintertime latent heat fluxes dominate the water-mass transformation rate in the interior waters of the Gulf leading to a diapycnal volume flux directed toward higher densities. In the zonal overturning cell, fluid is drawn in from the Sea of Oman through the Strait of Hormuz, transformed, and exits the Strait near the southern and bottom boundaries. Along the southern margin of the Gulf, evaporation plays an important role in the meridional overturning pattern inducing sinking there.
Treatment Efficacy of Forced Prolonged Position After Cupulolith Repositioning Maneuver in Apogeotropic HSCC BPPV
Authors: Han Kyujin , Lee Jiyeon , Shin Jung Eun , Kim Chang-Hee 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the forced prolonged position (FPP) in patients with horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC) cupulolithiasis in whom the cupulolith repositioning maneuver (CuRM) failed. Methods: Fifty-four consecutive patients with HSCC cupulolithiasis were included, and immediate treatment efficacy of CuRM and short-term treatment efficacy of FPP were investigated. Results: We performed the CuRM in HSCC cupulolithiasis, and, if the CuRM did not show immediate success, instructed the patients to perform the FPP or the sham position (by random allocation) at home. The immediate therapeutic success of the CuRM was assessed by the absence of nystagmus and vertigo on positional testing after 30 minutes of the maneuver, which was 14.8% on the first visit day. And the resolution rate of HSCC cupulolithiasis was higher in the FPP group than in the sham position group at the second (78.3% vs 55.6%), third (75.0% vs 42.9%), and fourth visits (100% vs 25.0%). Conclusion: Although the CuRM has been considered to be a good therapeutic option for HSCC cupulolithiasis because it theoretically aims to detach otoconial particles attached both on the utricle and canal sides of the cupula, the immediate success rate was only 14.8% at the first visit. The FPP can be additionally recommended to improve the resolution rate in HSCC cupulolithiasis patients in whom the CuRM fails.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic versus open surgery for radical gastrectomy in the treatment of advanced distal gastric cancer: long-term overall and disease-free survival (final results of a single-center study)
Authors: Luo Guode , Wang Xiaohua , Li Yajiao , Chen Guangyu , Cao Yongkuan , Gong Jiaqing , Li Yunming 
Published: September 2021

Objective To compare the surgical effects and long-term efficacy of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) and open surgery (OS) in radical gastrectomy for advanced distal gastric cancer. Methods One hundred twenty-four patients who were admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the West War Zone General Hospital from May 2008 to April 2012 were randomly divided into a HALS group (n = 62) and an OS group (n = 62). After surgery, 113 patients were followed up for 5 and 8 years, and 11 patients were lost to follow-up. The 5- and 8-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The 5- and 8-year overall survival rates were 31.90% and 18.40% in the HALS group and 32.50% and 18.60% in the OS group, respectively. The 5- and 8-year disease-free survival rates were 21.50% and 13.00% in the HALS group and 21.90% and 13.10% in the OS group, respectively. No significant differences were found. Conclusion Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for advanced distal gastric cancer has the advantages of less severe trauma, less intraoperative blood loss, more rapid postoperative recovery, and equivalent long-term efficacy compared with OS.
Lesson learned from the pandemic: Isolation and hygiene measures for COVID-19 could reduce the nosocomial infection rates in oncology wards
Authors: Guven Deniz C , Eroglu Imdat , Ismayilov Rashad , Ulusoydan Ege , Aktepe Oktay H , Telli Dizman Gulcin , Arik Zafer , Dizdar Omer , Unal Serhat , Metan Gokhan , Kertmen Neyran 
Published: September 2021

Introduction It was previously demonstrated that seasonal influenza incidence was significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly due to respiratory and hygiene precautions. From this point, we hypothesized that the COVID-19 precautions could lead to a decrease in nosocomial infection rates in oncology inpatient wards. Methods We evaluated the nosocomial infection rates in an inpatient palliative oncology ward in the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in our country and compared this rate with the same time frame of the previous year in our institution. Results The percentage of nosocomial infections complicating the hospitalization episodes were significantly reduced in the first 3 months of the pandemic compared to the previous year (43 vs. 55 nosocomial infection episodes; 18.6% vs. 32.2%, p = 0.002). The decrease in the nosocomial infections was consistent in the different types of infections, namely pneumonia (4.8% vs. 7.6%), urinary tract infection (5.2% vs. 7.6%), bacteremia (5.2% vs. 7%) and intraabdominal infections (2.6% vs. 3.5%). The median monthly disinfectant use was significantly increased to 98 liters (interquartile range: 82 – 114) in 2020 compared to 72 L (interquartile range: 36 – 72) in 2019 ( p = 0.046). Conclusion The continuation of the simple and feasible hygiene and distancing measures for healthcare workers and patient relatives and adaptations for earlier discharge could be beneficial for preventing nosocomial infections in oncology wards. These measures could be implemented routinely even after the COVID-19 pandemic for patient safety, especially in settings with higher nosocomial infection rates like inpatients palliative care units.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial About the Influence of Kyusho Jitsu Exercise on Self-efficacy, Fear, Depression, and Distress of Breast Cancer Patients within Follow-up Care
Authors: Salchow Jannike L , Strunk Maximilian A , Niels Timo , Steck Jule , Minto Carrie-Ann , Baumann Freerk T 
Published: September 2021

Introduction Breast cancer survivors are faced with several psychological issues. We report the influence on self-efficacy by a holistic orientated training schedule based on the “Kyusho Jitsu” martial art and explore the effects on self-efficacy, distress, fear, and depression. Methods Breast cancer survivors (N = 51) were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 30) or control group (n = 21). The intervention group participated in a Kyusho Jitsu intervention twice a week over a period of 6 months, the control group received no intervention. Patients from both groups were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months on level of self-efficacy (German General-Self-Efficacy Scale, SWE), stress (Perceived Stress Questionnaire, PSQ20), and fear and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS). Results Analysis of the original data showed a significant difference between both groups regarding the subscale “joy” ( P = .018). Several significant results within the intervention group were seen in self-efficacy ( P = .014), fear ( P = .009) and the overall score for fear and depression ( P = .043). Both groups improved significantly within “worries” (intervention P = .006, control P = .019) and the PSQ20 overall score (both P = .005). The control group also significantly improved in the subscale for “demands” ( P = .019). Conclusion To summarize, our pilot study showed that Kyusho Jitsu training is safe and feasible. Though, the intervention alone cannot be considered as being effective enough to help breast cancer survivors regarding relevant psychological issues, but might be an important supplement offer within follow-up care.
Repetitive Peripheral Sensory Stimulation as an Add-On Intervention for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Conforto Adriana B. , Machado André G. , Ribeiro Nathalia H. V. , Plow Ela B. , Liew Sook-Lei , da Costa Leite Claudia , Zavaliangos-Petropulu Artemis , Menezes Isabella , dos Anjos Sarah M. , Luccas Rafael , Peckham Paul Hunter , Cohen Leonardo G. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction Repetitive peripheral sensory stimulation (RPSS) followed by 4-hour task-specific training (TST) improves upper limb motor function in subjects with stroke who experience moderate to severe motor upper limb impairments. Here, we compared effects of RPSS vs sham followed by a shorter duration of training in subjects with moderate to severe motor impairments in the chronic phase after stroke. Methods This single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial compared effects of 18 sessions of either 1.5 h of active RPSS or sham followed by a supervised session that included 45 min of TST of the paretic upper limb. In both groups, subjects were instructed to perform functional tasks at home, without supervision. The primary outcome measure was the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) after 6 weeks of treatment. Grasp and pinch strength were secondary outcomes. Results In intention-to-treat analysis, WMFT improved significantly in both active and sham groups at 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. Grasp strength improved significantly in the active, but not in the sham group, at 3 and 6 weeks. Pinch strength improved significantly in both groups at 3 weeks, and only in the active group at 6 weeks. Conclusions The between-group difference in changes in WMFT was not statistically significant. Despite the short duration of supervised treatment, WMFT improved significantly in subjects treated with RPSS or sham. These findings are relevant to settings that impose constraints in duration of direct contact between therapists and patients. In addition, RPSS led to significant gains in hand strength. Trial Registry Name: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Motor Training in Stroke Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT0265878 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02658578
A new protocol for exercise testing in COPD; improved prediction algorithm for WMAX and validation of the endurance test in a placebo-controlled double bronchodilator study
Authors: Tufvesson Ellen , Radner Finn , Simonsen Anton , Papapostolou Georgia , Jarenbäck Linnea , Jönsson Saga , Nihlen Ulf , Tunsäter Alf , Ankerst Jaro , Peterson Stefan , Bjermer Leif , Eriksson Göran 
Published: September 2021

Background: Two new protocols have been developed for bicycle exercise testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with an individualized cardiopulmonary exercise test (ICPET) and subsequent customized endurance test (CET), which generate less interindividual spread in endurance time compared with the standard endurance test. Main objectives of this study were to improve the prediction algorithm for WMAX for the ICPET and validate the CET by examining treatment effects on exercise performance of indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) compared with placebo. Methods: COPD patients, with forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV1) 40–80% predicted, were recruited. Pooled baseline data from two previous studies ( n = 38) were used for the development of an improved WMAX prediction algorithm. Additional COPD patients ( n = 14) were recruited and performed the ICPET, using the new prediction formula at visit 1. Prior to the CET at visits 2 and 3, they were randomized to a single dose of IND/GLY (110/50 µg) or placebo. Results: The improved multiple regression algorithm for WMAX includes diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide ( DLCO), FEV1, sex, age and height and correlated to measured WMAX ( R2 = 0.89 and slope = 0.89). Treatment with IND/GLY showed improvement in endurance time versus placebo, mean 113 s [95% confidence interval (CI): 6–220], p = 0.037, with more prominent effect in patients with FEV1 < 70% predicted. Conclusion: The two new protocols for ICPET (including the new improved algorithm) and CET were retested with consistent results. In addition, the CET showed a significant and clinically relevant prolongation of endurance time for IND/GLY versus placebo in a small number of patients.