bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pathophysiology of Wilson’s disease visualized: A human 64Cu PET study
Authors: Sandahl Thomas Damgaard , Gormsen Lars C. , Kjærgaard Kristoffer , Vendelbo Mikkel Holm , Munk Ditte Emilie , Munk Ole Lajord , Bender Dirk , Keiding Susanne , Vase Karina H. , Frisch Kim , Vilstrup Hendrik , Ott Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Wilson’s disease (WD) is a genetic disease with systemic accumulation of copper that leads to symptoms from the liver and brain. However, the underlying defects in copper transport kinetics are only partly understood. We sought to quantify hepatic copper turnover in patients with WD compared with heterozygote and control subjects using PET with copper‐64 (64Cu) as a tracer. Furthermore, we assessed the diagnostic potential of the method.

Approach and Results
Nine patients with WD, 5 healthy heterozygote subjects, and 8 healthy controls were injected with an i.v. bolus of 64Cu followed by a 90‐min dynamic PET scan of the liver and static whole‐body PET/CT scans after 1.5, 6, and 20 h. Blood 64Cu concentrations were measured in parallel. Hepatic copper retention and redistribution were evaluated by standardized uptake values (SUVs). At 90 min, hepatic SUVs were similar in the three groups. In contrast, at 20 h postinjection, the SUV in WD patients (mean ± SEM, 31 ± 4) was higher than in heterozygotes (24 ± 3) and controls (21 ± 4; p < 0.001). An SUV‐ratio of hepatic 64Cu concentration at 20 and 1.5 h completely discriminated between WD patients and control groups (p < 0.0001; ANOVA). By Patlak analysis of the initial 90 min of the PET scan, the steady‐state hepatic clearance of 64Cu was estimated to be slightly lower in patients with WD than in controls (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

64Cu PET imaging enables visualization and quantification of the hepatic copper retention characteristic for WD patients. This method represents a valuable tool for future studies of WD pathophysiology, and may assist the development of therapies, and accurate diagnosis.
Factors associated with knowledge and practice of optimal breastfeeding among mothers in Dubai
Authors: Omar Ameesha Aboobaker , Abdul Hakeem Sidrah , Kahloon Huda Bashir , Alhashmi Asma , AlSaadi Reem Abdulla , Carrick Frederick Robert , Abdulrahman Mahera 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough breastfeeding has been the primary source of nutrition for infants, many women do not choose to practise breastfeeding due to lack of knowledge, inability to do so or personal choices. This study aimed at determining the breastfeeding practices and examining the sociodemographic factors associated with optimal breastfeeding among mothers attending child welfare clinic at Dubai Health Authority. A structured questionnaire was designed consisting of sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitude and practice towards breastfeeding. The main reasons for not breastfeeding the baby within 30 min after delivery were having had a caesarean section, followed by separation of the baby from the mother. We found better practice among homemakers, non‐United Arab Emirates (UAE) and married women, those with less monthly income, and those with standard delivery. There is a need for better education on optimal breastfeeding, especially in UAE national pregnant women, who have had caesarean sections, or having babies admitted in the intensive care unit.
A systematic review of the health of internal migrants in Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Sadika , Mahmood Nabila , Rutherford Shannon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInternal migrants are more disadvantaged than non‐migrants in terms of their health. However, the extent of this difference is unclear. Following the PRISMA guideline, we conducted a systematic review to explore the existing evidence on the health of internal migrants of Bangladesh. We searched Pubmed, Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify peer‐reviewed literature on health related issues of the internal migrant population and identified 29 papers for inclusion. Included studies reported health issues or risk factors relating to water, sanitisation and hygiene access and practice, risky sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infection, mental health status, occupational health status, general healthcare availability, healthcare service utilisation and healthcare seeking behaviour. This systematic review reveals that research on health issues of internal migrants of Bangladesh is limited for common communicable and noncommunicable diseases like waterborne and skin disease, tuberculosis, hypertension and diabetes. Further, despite that many of these migrants are labourers, occupational health related issues like work place accidents, musculoskeletal disorders are insufficiently explored. Barriers to healthcare accessibility in this population are poor socioeconomic status, illiteracy and low general health knowledge. For improved development and implementation of health policies targeting this important population, future studies should focus on understudied diseases and disease prevalence and be designed to elicit from the perspectives of internal migrants, their key health needs around risk factors and health services accessibility.
Characterization of O‐mannosylated proteins profiling in bacillus Calmette–Guérin via gel‐based and gel‐free approaches
Authors: Zheng Jianhua , Liu Liguo , Wei Candong , Liu Bo , Jin Qi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPosttranslational modifications (PTMs) could influence many aspects of protein behavior and function in organisms. Protein glycosylation is one of the major PTMs observed in bacteria, which is crucial for functional regulations of many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been recognized as an indispensable tool in the global fight against tuberculosis (TB) worldwide over several decades. Nevertheless, analysis of glycoprotein profiles of BCG has not been clearly investigated. In this study, we performed O‐mannosylated protein analysis in BCG bacteria using gel‐based and gel‐free approaches. In total, 1,670 hexosylated peptides derived from 754 mannosylated proteins were identified. Furthermore, 20 novel protein products supported by 78 unique peptides not annotated in the BCG database were detected. Additionally, the translational start sites of 384 proteins were confirmed, and 78 proteins were validated through the extension of translational start sites based on N‐terminus‐derived peptides. The bioinformatic analysis of the O‐mannosylated proteins was performed and the expression profiles of four randomly selected proteins were validated through Western blotting. A number of proteins involved in metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and two‐component system, are discussed. Taken together, these results offer the first O‐mannosylated protein analysis of a member of mycobacteria reported to date by using complementary gel‐based and gel‐free approaches. Some of the proteins identified in this study have important roles involved in metabolic pathways, which could provide insight into the immune molecular mechanisms of this recognized vaccine strain.
Extracellular matrix‐based combination scaffold for guided regeneration of large‐area full‐thickness rabbit burn wounds upon a single application
Authors: Ramakrishnan Rashmi , Harikrishnan Vijayakumar Sreelatha , Anil Arya , Arumugham Sabareeswaran , Krishnan Lissy Kalliyana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRegeneration of large acute and chronic wounds is a concern worldwide. The present study evaluates wound healing competence of a completely human‐origin, extracellular matrix (ECM)‐based skin substitute/graft. It comprises cell‐less amniotic membrane (AM), clinical‐grade fibrin (FIB), and hyaluronic acid (HA) termed as AMFIBHA. The use of large‐area third‐degree rabbit burn wounds evaluated the product efficiency. The AMFIBHA induces hemostasis and permits suture‐less positioning on the wound bed. In wet wounds, the AMFIBHA degrades and release biologically active molecules and guide cell migration, proliferation, and regeneration. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of this wound care product in terms of epithelial‐dermal regeneration with angiogenesis. The study assessed injury‐associated inflammation and different wound healing markers after 28 days of experiment and compared with both positive and negative controls‐treated wounds. The regeneration of mature epidermis and dermis with rete pegs and hair follicle‐like structure was evident upon a single application. The active involvement of host cells resulted in supple tissue formation. The ECM organization of AMFIBHA‐treated tissue resulted in re‐gain of mechanical properties comparable to native skin after 56 days. These guided regenerative outcomes reveal a promising translational value of the novel AMFIBHA skin substitute as an off‐the‐shelf product for clinical use.
Establishment of a new protein C detection system based on chromogenic substrate assay and its clinical diagnostic value for deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Lu Wenfei , Ge Anshan , Zhao Jinxia , Rong Hui , Zhu Chao , Lun Limin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeficiency of protein C (PC) affects the balance between blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the human body. Chromogenic‐based assay is recommended as the preferred screening method for detecting PC deficiency. We established a PC detection system based on the chromogenic substrate assay.MethodsFirst, a kit for the determination of PC activity in plasma was elaborately developed and its reaction parameters on XL‐3200c were explored. Then, we evaluated its performance and collected specimens to compare the test results obtained with those of the Siemens detection system. Finally, the clinical diagnostic efficacy of this detection system for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was assessed.ResultsOptimum conditions for PC detection were 0.25–0.1 U/ml protein C activator Protac® and 2.5–1 mM Pefachrome®PCa5297. The composition and concentration ranges of buffer substances and stabilizers in the kit were also explored. Satisfactory results were observed in performance evaluation. The test results of the newly built detection system were highly correlated with those of the Siemens detection system (R2 = 0.9771 in the control group and R2 = 0.9776 in the DVT group), and Bland‐Altman plots also showed high consistency between the two detection systems. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of the newly built PC detection system for DVT was 0.888, indicating this system could effectively improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for DVT.ConclusionIn this study, a sensitive, wide linear range and reliable PC activity detection system were established.
A longitudinal examination of predictors of nonsuicidal self‐injury disclosures among university students
Authors: Simone Ariana C. , Hamza Chloe A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is a paucity of longitudinal research on predictors of disclosures of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among emerging adults. However, understanding the factors that facilitate disclosure is critical, as disclosure may serve as a first step in accessing care. To address this gap, the present study examined predictors of prospective NSSI disclosures in a postsecondary student sample.MethodsA total of 475 university students with a history of NSSI (Mage = 17.96; 74.9% women) reported on several potential predictors of NSSI disclosure, and their disclosure history at baseline and 4‐ and 8‐month follow‐ups.ResultsIt was found that 22% of students reported disclosing NSSI during the first year of university; students who had previously disclosed, and who reported greater NSSI severity, were more likely to disclose over time.ConclusionResults of the present study suggest that disclosures often occur in the postsecondary context, and students who disclose NSSI may engage in more severe NSSI behaviours.
Development and assessment of an online virtual orthodontic curriculum
Authors: Liu Luwei , Yuan Siyang , Zhang Weibing , Wang Zhendong , Zhao Chunyang , Pan Yongchu , Yan Bin , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionDue to break space and time limits, an entirely new online curriculum of orthodontic education with online evaluation system has been structured and developed in the dental school, based on virtual reality simulation.CurriculumAt Nanjing Medical University, a new online orthodontic curriculum with programmatic assessment process was constructed and implemented based on competency‐based education (CBE). It was consisted of the online orthodontic theoretical lectures based on the National Open Online Course “Orthodontics,” the online journal club via the online “flipped classroom,” and the online orthodontic pre‐clinical training via the virtual learning network platform. In order to evaluate this curriculum, 94 Year 4 dental students took part to complete the online orthodontic curriculum. The mean total score of all the students was 91.99, and the element scores of the online theoretical lectures, journal club, virtual pre‐clinical training, and online final examination were respectively 96.83, 79.49, 96.00, and 87.02, which showed a good performance. According to the student feedback toward this curriculum via the online questionnaire, nearly 98% of the students showed agreement or strong agreement that the online orthodontic curriculum has enhanced their orthodontic theoretical understanding and orthodontic practical ability.ConclusionAs a student‐centered CBE, this online orthodontic curriculum with online evaluation system could provide both orthodontic theory and practice teaching for all the dental students at all times and places based on the online virtual mode, which enriched learners’ critical thinking, problem solving, and assessment skills.
Elicitation of children’s understanding of information in pediatric genetic counseling encounters: A discourse‐oriented perspective
Authors: Hui Andy Lok Chung , Zayts‐Spence Olga , Chung Brian Hon‐Yin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAffirmation of children's understanding of information provided in genetic counseling encounters is crucial to obtaining children's informed consent/assent in pediatric genetic counseling encounters. It is also important for the proper management of a genetic condition. Currently, there is a relative scarcity of research on how understanding of complex genetic information by children is elicited in the process of pediatric genetic counseling. In this study, we apply theme‐oriented discourse analysis to examine 23 video/audio‐recorded genetic counseling encounters in Hong Kong. The encounters involve children aged between 3 and 17 years old who are suspected to have or diagnosed with Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS). Specifically, we examine a range of communicative strategies that genetic professionals employ to elicit children's understanding of information in this genetic counseling setting. We also examine how children's epistemic status is negotiated between genetic professionals, parents, and children. The study reveals that genetic professionals typically use direct questioning (e.g., “do you understand?” or “do you have any questions?”). Less typical are examples where genetic professionals explore children's epistemic access and invite children to recall information after they deliver it. The study reveals two discourse strategies that genetic professionals and parents employ to justify a child's low epistemic status: (1) construction of “current ignorance” and “future competence” in children and (2) association with a child's character. In the examined counseling encounters, genetic professionals and parents tend to construct a low epistemic status in younger children and allocate the responsibility for understanding relevant information to the parents and the “future” competent children. The study highlights the impact of genetic professionals’ and parents’ assumptions on children's knowledge and comprehensibility at different ages, and the role that children themselves play in conforming or contesting these assumptions.
Multicenter comparison of totally laparoscopic and totally robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy: Propensity score and learning curve‐matching analyses
Authors: Kim Hyeyeon , Choi Sung Hoon , Jang Jae Young , Choi Munseok , Lee Jae Hoon , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have compared laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) despite emerging use of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD). The present study therefore compares perioperative outcomes of LPD and RPD patients, and evaluates safety and feasibility of MIPD.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter analysis evaluated MIPD patients through June 2020 performed by three experienced pancreatic surgeons at three different institutions. Perioperative outcomes were compared before and after propensity score‐matching analyses, and learning curves based on operation time were used for additional matching analysis.ResultsOf 362 patients, 282 underwent LPD and 80 underwent RPD. Open conversion rate was significantly higher in LPD (P = .001). There were no significant differences in rates of major complications (Clavien‐Dindo ≥III) and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF). After matching, operation time (P = .001) and hospital stay (P = .027) were significantly shorter in RPD, but there were no differences in major complications and CR‐POPF. Propensity score‐matched comparison after learning curve attainment showed shorter operation time (P = .037) and hospital stay (P = .014) in RPD, and no differences in major complications and CR‐POPF.ConclusionRPD had several advantages compared with LPD, including shorter operative time and hospital stay, and lower open conversion rate. Postoperative complications including CR‐POPF showed comparable results in two groups. Both LPD and RPD seemed to be feasible and safe approaches in experienced hands.
Fast T2‐Weighted Imaging With Deep Learning‐Based Reconstruction: Evaluation of Image Quality and Diagnostic Performance in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Park Jae Chun , Park Kye Jin , Park Mi Yeon , Kim Mi‐hyun , Kim Jeong Kon 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundDeep learning‐based reconstruction (DLR) can potentially improve image quality by reduction of noise, thereby enabling fast acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, a systematic evaluation of image quality and diagnostic performance of MRI using short acquisition time with DLR has rarely been investigated in men with prostate cancer.PurposeTo assess the image quality and diagnostic performance of MRI using short acquisition time with DLR for the evaluation of extraprostatic extension (EPE).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred and nine men.Field Strength/Sequence3 T; turbo spin echo T2‐weighted images (T2WI), echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted, and spoiled gradient echo dynamic contrast‐enhanced images.AssessmentTo compare image quality, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and subjective analysis using Likert scales on three T2WIs (MRI using conventional acquisition time, MRI using short acquisition time [fast MRI], and fast MRI with DLR) were performed. The diagnostic performance for EPE was evaluated by three independent readers.Statistical TestsSNR, CNR, and image quality scores across the three imaging protocols were compared using Friedman tests. The diagnostic performance for EPE was assessed using the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFast MRI with DLR demonstrated significantly higher SNR (mean ± SD, 14.7 ± 6.8 vs. 8.8 ± 4.9) and CNR (mean ± SD, 6.5 ± 6.3 vs. 3.4 ± 3.6) values and higher image quality scores (median, 4.0 vs. 3.0 for three readers) than fast MRI. The AUCs for EPE were significantly higher with the use of DLR (0.86 vs. 0.75 for reader 2 and 0.82 vs. 0.73 for reader 3) compared with fast MRI, whereas differences were not significant for reader 1 (0.81 vs. 0.74; P = 0.09).Data ConclusionDLR may be useful in reducing the acquisition time of prostate MRI without compromising image quality or diagnostic performance.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 3
Remote forcing effect of sea surface temperatures in the northern tropical Atlantic on tropical cyclone genesis over the Western North Pacific in July
Authors: Shi Xiaohui , Fang Yin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn July 2020, neither genesis nor landfall of typhoons occurred in the western North Pacific (WNP). This was the first time that the “no‐typhoon” phenomenon had occurred since 1949. This study analysed the variation in the tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) in the WNP in July over the past 40 years, including the corresponding atmospheric background circulation and the possible influence of tropical sea surface temperature (SST). The results revealed that the eastward and northward location of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the deepened and eastward expanded tropical monsoon trough (TMT) in the WNP, the active convection in the main body of TMT, the weakened southwest water vapour transport of the East Asian summer monsoon, as well as the strengthened and eastward expanded equatorial westerly wind were conducive to the tropical cyclone genesis in the WNP in July. Furthermore, we used regression analysis to explore the possible impact of tropical SSTs. We found that the relatively high SSTs in the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) in June and July triggered a cyclonic circulation over the tropical East Pacific and NTA, resulting in strong upward motion. The airflow subsidence in the tropical central Pacific then caused the WPSH to extend westward and the easterly airflow on the south side of WPSH to strengthen, which weakened the WNP monsoon trough. Besides, the influence of warming NTA SSTs could be conveyed to the Indian Ocean and indirectly induce the enhancement of WPSH. Such a series of the large‐scale circulation variations were not favourable for tropical cyclone genesis in the WNP. As a result, the TCGF was relatively low in July. Thus, one of the causes of the July 2020 “no‐typhoon” phenomenon in the WNP could be the remote forcing effect of SST in NTA.