bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Home-produced to Store-bought- How Lifes Changing: Consumption of Milk and Milk Products through Decades
Authors: Bhatt Yamini , Kulshrestha Kalpana 
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study aimed present a comprehensive picture of trends in the consumption pattern of milk and milk products with the objective to determine the shift in their consumption through different decades and locations.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Methodology: The study was conducted in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. The sample population comprised of both male and female subjects between the age group of 15 years to 55 onwards. The respondents were categorized into three age groups range as- 15-35 years, 36-55 years, and above 56 years. Starting from the age of 5 years, each age group is also categorized decade-wise. Being descriptive in nature the study was carried out through a field survey method using face-to-face interviews.
Results: The results showed that during earlier decades, milk was consumed daily by the majority of the population depending upon the fact that it was produced by the domesticated cattle and easily available. However, a high frequency of daily consumption was observed among the 15-35 years of age group, though it was more of purchased from store or dairy. Curd, however, was earlier prepared by milk produced at home, now mostly prepared at home from milk bought from stores or dairy. The practice of preparing buttermilk and butter/ghee milk products daily from the milk produced by domesticated cattle is experiencing a great drop, especially in the rural areas. Paneer (Indian cottage cheese) has got popular in the past few decades, though its consumption is highly dependent upon the location and economic condition of the household.
Conclusion: There is a great need for promoting cattle rearing and dairy farming for increasing production and consumption of home-produced healthy products from milk. Making people aware of the dietary requirements of milk and milk products during various life stages is also of prime importance.
Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells, Viral Load, and Some Immunomodulatory Trace Elements in ART and ART-naïve HIV Patients in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Chioma Ugochukwu , Waribo Helen Anthony , Onwuli Donatus O. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: To evaluate the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, viral load, and some immunomodulatory trace elements in ART and ART-naïve HIV patients in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of 150 subjects (males and females) between the ages of 20 and 79 were recruited for the study, out of which 50 subjects were apparently healthy (those who tested negative for HIV), and were used as the control group, while the remaining 100 subjects were those who tested positive for HIV, and were used as the test group; out of this 100 subjects, 70 subjects were on anti-retroviral therapy (ART), while the remaining 30 subjects were not on anti-retroviral therapy (ART naïve). About 13 mls of venous blood was collected from the antecubital fossa of each subject. 3mls was dispensed into an EDTA-anticoagulant bottle, and used for the estimation of CD4+ and CD8+ counts using a BD fluorescent activated cell sorter count (FACSC count) automation. Also, 5mls of the venous blood was dispensed into another EDTA-anticoagulated bottle; it was spun to obtain the plasma which was used to analyze the viral load using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COBAS TaqMan 48 Analyzer. Then, another 5 mls of the venous blood was dispensed into lithium heparin bottle; it was spun to obtain the plasma, which was used for the analysis of copper, iron, zinc and magnesium by colorimetric method using semi auto-analyzer WP 21E, and selenium using atomic absorption spectrophotometer with graphite furnace technique SN-SG 710690.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean levels of CD8+ T-cell, iron and magnesium between the HIV-positive subjects (ART HIV-positive and ART-naïve HIV-positive) and the control. However, the mean levels of CD4+ T-cell and plasma copper were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the HIV-positive subjects compared to the control; also, the mean levels of the CD4+ T-cell in the ART-naïve subjects were significantly lower compared to the ART subjects. The viral load in ART-naïve subjects were significantly higher compared to the ART subjects and control. However, the mean levels of zinc and selenium were significantly lower in the HIV-positive subjects compared to the control.
Conclusion: Based on these results, it may be stated that some immunomodulatory trace elements such as zinc and selenium were deficient in HIV-positive subjects, and as such, addition of zinc and/or selenium supplements in the treatment regimen for HIV-positive subjects may be helpful in boosting their immunity and effective management.
Risk Asessment and Thromboprophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in the Antenatal Population in a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria
Authors: Abbey Mkpe , Kinikanwo Green 
Published: September 2021

Aim: To review the venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis in the antenatal population in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria and to perform a retrospective VTE risk assessment of the patients with a view of determining those patients that would have needed VTE prophylaxis.
Design: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria from the 1st of February to the 30th of April, 2020.
Materials and Methods: The following data were extracted from the hospital notes of 347 consecutive antenatal patients: history/demographic characteristics, risk factors for VTE, thromboprophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of VTE, using the RCOG guideline 37a of 2015 as a benchmark for comparison. Data was analysed with the aid of a Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 18.
Results: VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis was not a routine practice at the UPTH. Apart from antenatal admission, the most frequent VTE risk factors in pregnancy were BMI ≥30, Parity ≥ 3, Age > 5 years and current pre-eclampsia at 48.48%, 41.04%, 36.04% and 15.56% of the study population respectively. 131 (37.75%) of the 347 antenatal population fulfilled the criteria for venous thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) but they were not assessed and the drug was not given. 63 (18.16%) of the study population was to receive LMWH from 28 weeks of pregnancy while 68 (19.60%) of them were to be given from the first trimester. The prevalence of VTE was however very low at 0.02% (1 patient out of the 347 maternities), irrespective of the fact that 41 (11.82%) of the patients had symptoms and signs of VTE.
Conclusion: 131 (37.75%) out of the total 347 antenatal patients fulfilled the criteria to be given thromboprophylaxis but the prevalence of VTE was low at 0.02%. It was therefore recommended that a unified Nigerian national guideline should be written.
Alteration of the Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline by Paullinia cupana Kunth in Rats
Authors: Yared Batista Nayana , Neves de Lima Ádley Antonini , Nascimento Corrêa José Wilson do , De Souza Tatiane Pereira , Santos Magalhães Igor Rafael dos 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Paullinia cupana Kunth has been popularly used to prepare different beverages by the Amazonian inhabitants for a long time ago mainly due to its stimulant properties. Although the utilization of this herbal drug has been increasing lately, little is known regarding the possibility of drug interactions. Therefore, this research tried to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of P. cupana on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline (TPH), a CYP1A marker in rats.
Methodology: The extract was prepared according to the popular recipe and subjects received different once daily doses of extract (vehicle, 82.1 mg/Kg and 821 mg/Kg) by oral gavage during two weeks. Non-compartimental analysis was carried out to obtain the pharmacokinetic parameters.
Results: Animals treated with P. cupana (AUC: 1,197.2 ± 284.4 and 346.6 ± 37.0 µg.h/mL for 82.1 and 821 mg/Kg, respectively) had lower exposition to TPH than controls (3,539.48 ± 278.4 µg.h/mL). On the other hand, drug clearance was higher in treated subjects (2.44 ± 0.4 and 7.27 ± 0.7 L/h/kg for 82.1 and 821 mg/Kg, respectively) than controls (0.71 ± 0.0 L/h/kg).
Conclusion: Therefore, the multiple oral administration of an aqueous extract of P. cupana caused a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of TPH in rats.
An Analysis between Patient Demographics and Non-attendances in General Surgery Clinics at an NHS Trust: An Audit
Authors: Ng A. W. Y. , Lim G. H. C. , Winarski A. , Ross E. , Nevins E. J. , Gilliam A. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Missed clinic appointments can have bearing on a multitude of factors including patient care, hospital management and resources.
Aim: To assess the non-attendance rates to surgical clinics within our trust. Secondary outcomes will be to assess the correlation between travel distances to clinic, time of year, patient demographics, and whether the appointment is a new patient or follow-up, on DNA rate.
Methods: Retrospective audit including all patients attending outpatient general surgical appointments at all 5 district general hospitals within the trust between the fiscal years of April 2016 to March 2018. Using case notes and electronic patient records, data on patient demographics, type of appointment, time of year and distance from hospital were collected.
Results and Conclusions: There is correlation between DNAs and age, gender, ethnicity, subspecialty, and distance from hospital. The reasons behind DNAs will be multifactorial and efforts should be made to investigate the barriers to attendance.
Screening and Risk Factor Associated with Deep Vein Thrombosis among Factory Workers
Authors: Walke Monali , Pohekar Savita 
Published: September 2021

Background: Venous thrombo embolism (VTE) its a form of vascular disorder becomes important disease condition now a days. Basically VTE is term used for both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT is defined as a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein usually in the legs, also in the calf and thigh veins. It is 3rd largest cause for mortality and morbidity. Deep vein thrombosis occur mostly there are no symptoms but in some cases lower extremity will be painful, warm redden, and also superficial veins may engorged. In such cases when there is massive embolism thrombolytic therapy agent as streptokinase or urokinase or tissue plasminogen activation used for dissolve the thrombus or resolve the obstruction. For relieving chances of venous thrombosis like range of motion, physiotherapy, graduated stocking can be categorized as important mechanical methods for the prevention of DVT.
Objective: In this study 1. To Screen the deep vein thrombosis among factory workers

To assess the risk factor of deep vein thrombosis among factory workers
To associate the screening and risk factor of deep vein thrombosis among factory workers with their selected demographic variables

Methodology: Descriptive research design will use for this research study. Sample will be factory workers. Non probability purposive sampling technique will use for the study. This research study will include 120 Factory workers from Mahalakshmi Steel factory Pvt. Ltd, Deoli, Dist.Wardha, Maharashtra. Factory workers must select according to requirements for inclusion and exclusion criteria. 1.Factory workers who were completed 5 years in steel factory & Factory workers who are willing participate in study are inclusion criteria. Exclusion Criteria: 1.Factory workers who already taking treatment for deep vein thrombosis. 2. Factory workers those were participated in similar kind of study. 3. Office workers are excluded in this study.
Expected Results: Outcome includes Screening and risk factors associated with deep vein thrombosis among factory workers for the study are low probability, moderate probability, high probability with the clinical validated tool Wells criteria for screening of deep vein thrombosis. Risk factor associated with deep vein thrombosis assess with structure questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from (DMIMS(DU)/IEC/DEC-2019/8684).
Conclusion: It will be drawn from the results.
Total Phenolic, Flavonoid and Carotinoid Content and Anticoagulation Activities of Sapparin Tablet
Authors: Chuluunbaatar Erdenechimeg , Buyantogtokh Dejidmaa , Begzsuren Dagvatseren 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Sapparin tablet, a medicine used for the treatment of blood diseases specially curing blood thickening or impure blood, liver disease in Mongolian Traditional Medicine. The objectives of the study were to determine total biological active substances and analyze the anticoagulation activity of the Sapparin.
Study Design: Experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry and Technology and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Traditional Medicine and Technology of Mongolia.
Methodology: Quantitative determination of the total active constituents (phenolic, flavonoid, and carotinoids) of the methanol extracts of Sapparin was performed by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminium chloride reagent by spectrophotometry.
A totally of forty weighing between 220-250 gm were used. Effect of Sapparin was assessed on coagulation parameters following 7, 14, 21 and 28 days administration of 37 mg/kg, 56 mg/kg, 113 mg/kg to healthy rats. The blood coagulation parameters such as prothrombin time (PT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured by means of Quick’s one-stage assay and modified aPTT assay respectively in the rats. Additionally, thrombin activity test was estimated in rats with PT assay using a hemagglutination analyzer. The levels of serum X and von Willebrand factor were measured in Sapparin and control groups by ELISA.
Results: The total content of the phenols measured as 5.33±0.0005%, flavonoids as 12.95± 2.21% and carotinoids as 4.31±0.96%.
There was significant increase in all assays except fibrinogen, prothrombin time, thrombin, aPTT. Sapparin treatment significantly reduced levels of serum X factor and von Willebrand factor was significantly decreased in rats.
Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that Sapparin shows considerable anti-anticoagulant activity in animals and has potential to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Indicators of the Spectrum of Lipids of the Water-Lipid Mantle of the Skin Before and after Pathogenetically Sound Therapy of Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Stepanenko Roman Leonidovich , Mohammed Ali , Stepanenko Viktor Ivanovich , Konovalova Tetiana , Tsekhmister Yaroslav Volodymyrovych 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the features of the spectrum of lipids of the water-lipid mantle of the skin before and after pathogenetically sound therapy of patients with psoriasis.
Methods: Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy with the immunobiological drug Humir (adalimumab), as well as its combination with a non-hormonal drug based on natural components Psori Active (cream) in the examined patients with psoriasis vulgaris was performed according to the dynamics of regression of dermatoses clinical manifestations erythema, infiltration, peeling of the skin psoriatic rash, changes in the index PASI, PGA, BSA.
Results: The study involved 137 patients. Changes in the level of other components of the lipid spectrum of the water-lipid mantle of the skin, in particular phospholipids, cholesterol and cholesterol esters in patients of the first observation group changed insignificantly compared to their values before treatment. When comparing the normalization of the level of the studied spectrum of lipids of the water-lipid mantle of the skin in patients of the second group with different seasonal types (autumn-winter, spring-summer, off-season) and previously diagnosed with varying severity treatment, no statistically significant differences were found between seasonal types of dermatosis.
Conclusion: Analysis of the results of clinical follow-up of the examined patients with psoriasis of the first and second groups after completion of treatment and achieving clinical clinical remission indicates significant benefits of systemic immunobiological therapy in combination with topical therapy with Psori Active.
Abundance of Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Strains in Fecal Samples of Rhinoceros unicornis of the Kaziranga National Park, India
Authors: Saha Tilak , Paul Dibyendu , Chakraborty Ranadhir 
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study was undertaken to assess the abundance of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Salmonella strains in fecal samples of Rhinoceros unicornis of the Kaziranga National Park (KNP), India.
Study Design: Antibiotic-resistance profile of the Salmonella isolates from fecal samples of rhinoceros was carried out by replica plating on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates containing antibiotics. The presence of class 1 integrons in metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing Salmonella isolates was determined by multiplex PCR.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out on rhinos of KNP situated in the Golaghat district of Assam, India in April 2015.
Methodology: Fresh rhino fecal samples (designated as 1R, 2R, 3R, 4R and 5R) were dilution plated onto MacConkey agar. Purified bacterial colonies were then streaked separately on bismuth sulphite (BS) agar plates. All black colonies which are characteric growth of Salmonella were selected and used to make master plates on Luria Agar. To determine the antibiotic-resistance profile of the isolates, master-plates of purified single colonies of Salmonella spp. were replicate-printed on plates containing antibiotics from the β-lactam, aminoglycoside, or quinolone groups. To detect the presence of an integron, a conserved segment polymerase chain reaction was used.
Results: 97.6% of the Salmonella isolates tested were resistant to >1 antibiotics (multidrug resistant or MAR). A total of 100 isolates from two fecal samples, 4R and 5R, were found to be imipenem resistant; 52 of them tested positive for the presence of MBLs. Five of the twenty MBL producing strains contained class 1 integrons.
Conclusion: Because Salmonella is usually spread by drinking contaminated water, it is likely that water bodies in KNP are contaminated with MAR Salmonella strains. In case of Salmonellosis outbreak among Indian one-horned rhinos, our antibiogram will assist the veterinarians to choose the appropriate regimen of antibiotics for the rhinos in the KNP.
Prevalence and Age-Related Association of Abnormal Endocrine Changes among Women with Menstrual Disorder
Authors: Mughal Faizah , Kumar Ashok , Maheshwari Jai Dev , Bijarani Ali Nawaz , Kazmi Tayyaba , Nangrejo Ruqaya 
Published: September 2021

Background: The menstrual cycle describes the healthy reproductive system of the women which is controlled by different hormones.
Aim: The goal of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of irregular menstruation in different endocrine changes and to identify their association with the age of women in reproductive life.
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on women attending the gynecological clinic of Karachi from March 2019 to June 2019. Of the 165 women with different hormonal changes 100 presented with menstrual cycle abnormality.
Results: Among the women with menstrual irregularities 51% women presented with insulin resistance, 23% with hyperandrogenism, 19% with hypothyroidism and 7% hyperprolactinemia. Age-related association was observed in menstrual irregularities women with insulin resistant and hyperandrogenism.
Conclusion: Menstrual cycle is a physiological process, any irregularities in cycle can be caused by even minimal hormonal imbalance. As a result, it is critical to address endocrine abnormalities in order to improve women's reproductive health.
Highly Stable Magnetostriction in Nanoheterogeneous Fe81Ga19 Alloy Enabled by Uncoarsening of Nanoprecipitates Due to Negative Interfacial Energy
Authors: Qiao Boying , Zhao Shuoyu , Yao Jichao , Yan Keyu , Feng Xiang , Wang Jingmin , Kang Dazhuang , Liu Jinghua , Shang Jiaxiang , Zhang Qianfan , Wu Yuye , Zhan Wei , Chen Ruiqiang , Jiang Chengbao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanoprecipitates are crucial for determining diversse properties of nanoheterogeneous materials. For instance, the tetragonal L60 nanoprecipitates dispersing in the body‐centered cubic A2 matrix yield the large magnetostrictive effect in Fe‐Ga alloys. Nanoprecipitates are usually coarsened under thermally activated circumstances in most of nanoheterogenous materials, which typically leads to the degeneration of the material performance. This is a bottleneck issue for the long‐time usage of nanoheterogeneous materials under thermally activated conditions. In this study, it is found that the L60 nanoprecipitates in large‐magnetostriction Fe81Ga19 single crystals are superiorly stable under accelerating aging experiments, as evidenced by the almost unchanged phase structure, average size, volume fraction and tetragonality. Accordingly, the large magnetostrictive effect is highly stable upon long‐time thermal excitations. Systematic studies combing experimental and theoretical efforts reveal that the stronger chemical bonding between the L60 nanoprecipitates and the A2 matrix relative to the original chemical bonding within the A2 matrix results in a strikingly negative interfacial energy that stabilizes the nanoprecipitates. Thus, this work provides a promising strategy for stabilizing nanoprecipitates via interfacial chemical bonding strengthening induced negative interfacial energy and hence achieving highly stable performance of nanoheterogeneous materials.
A Highly Conductive and Tough Binary Metalgel
Authors: Song Jie , Ye Tingting , Li Yiran , Bai Chenyu , Wang Jiacheng , Jiao Yiding , Wang Yuanzhen , He Er , Li Xusong , Lu Jiang , Li Qianming , Li Fangyan , Yang Shuo , Zou Kuangyi , Zhao Shupeng , Hou Xinxin , Wu Ming , Zhang Ye 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMaterials that combine metallic electrical conductivity and high toughness are in great demand for advancing flexible electronics. However, such materials are still lacking. Previously reported flexible materials with metallic conductivity (≥1 × 106 S·m‒1) usually compromise on toughness (<3 MJ·m‒3). Here, a binary metalgel is presented that features a binary metal continuum stabilized by a three‐dimensional polymer network. The binary metal continuum consists of hard metal particles encapsulated by soft liquid metal. The continuous conductive pathways within the polymer network enable a metallic electrical conductivity of 2.50 × 106 S·m‒1. Additionally, the combination of hard metal particles, soft liquid metal, and polymer network facilitates stress transfer throughout the material, creating a triple‐mode energy dissipation mechanism that enhances toughness to 14.40 MJ·m‒3. This strategy offers a valuable framework for developing materials that achieve both superior electrical and mechanical properties.