bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of clinically managed weight loss programs: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Cachero Katrina , Granger Matthew , Mollard Rebecca C. , Askin Nicole , Okoli George N. , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. , MacKay Dylan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Obesity has become a major driver in the burden of chronic diseases. The Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines recommends a lifestyle intervention for the management and prevention of obesity. This includes behaviour modification, dietary counselling, and physical activity. With the market overwhelmed with weight loss programs, majority are focused on low-calorie diets and general recommendations for exercise. Most are not personalized and are not administered by health care professionals. An interdisciplinary team of highly trained health care professionals have the ability to provide medically sound and safe advice in all aspects of an individuals’ life, such as, lifestyle, sleep, mental health, and behaviours. A clinically-managed weight loss program is defined as a team including a dietitian, and/or exercise professional, and/or psychologist, and/or physician or nurse practitioner oversight. With limiting results in the literature regarding clinically-managed weight loss programs, it is difficult to conclude whether it may be effective. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to assess clinically-managed weight loss programs, with physician or nurse practitioner oversight in comparison to non-clinically-managed weight loss programs with no physician oversight or nurse practitioner oversight in adults who are living with overweight or obesity. Methods: A literature search will be executed by a knowledge synthesis librarian on MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. The data collected will be extracted, stored, and managed in MS Excel 2016. The extraction of the data will include study details, study population details, health team details, intervention details, and outcome details. Discussion: The prevalence of obesity has been increasing throughout the decades. Results from this systematic review may aid in recommending a more clinically safe weight loss program for those who struggle with overweight or obesity. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020170014
The Effects of rural income project on silk exports and livelihood of smallholder producers in Gatsibo District, Rwanda
Authors: Ogunlusi Abiola , Olaniyan Olanrewaju 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sericulture has been seen in Rwanda as an opportunity for increasing raw materials for the textile industry. Therefore, it has provided a new source of income, reduced unemployment and most likely to improve the livelihood status of poor sericulture smallholder producers by increasing their income earnings. The high yield in silk production has been pleasing due to the favourable climatic conditions for mulberry cultivation, sericulture has been seen as a potential tool to reduce poverty and also to generate foreign exchanges from exportation. The broad objective of this paper focuses on the impact of the livelihood status of smallholder producers in Rwanda. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting 286 sericulture households’ farmers in Gatsibo district. Data for this study were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, paired-samples t-test, cross-tabulation and chi-square test of independence. The results of this study showed clearly a significant improvement in the livelihood of the farmers. It was gathered that 82% asserted there are organized markets available for silk exportation. 77% affirmed an improvement in their income status. The average level of income per year from cocoon production among the farmers was estimated to be $ 227.59. It is of topmost priority for this program to continue because its effect has a very positive impact on the livelihood status of the beneficiaries. Farmers should be provided with continuous training, access to credits. If sustained properly it will resolve future challenges and springs more opportunities for farmers and likewise to the country through exports.
Multi-class Multipath Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks, with Energy Balanced Optimal Rate Assignment
Authors: Farahbakhsh Maryam , Moghadam Meisam Nesary 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are special network which has purpose of gathering information in certain area. Multipath routing is the paramount path of addressing QoS and energy balancing concerns in low power and lossy networks (LLNs) especially in IoT technology. Most of the extant efforts bring the limited number of disjoint paths into play, and intersect the traffic among them pursuant to a compound metric or centralized optimization problem. This paper proposes a multi-class multipath routing protocol for LLNs (called M2RPL), that construct a braided multipath routing graph based on the standard RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) protocol, and an energy balanced optimal rate assignment mechanism (EBORA) that solves a local multi class optimization problem for minimum cost traffic rate assignment. Moreover the algorithm tries to maximize network lifetime by equalizing the energy dissipation rates of equi-level nodes. The simulation results expose the efficiency of the proposed framework, leading to an average 15% increase in lifetime, and improved QoS performance in terms of delay and reliability, compared to some well-known algorithms.
Women’s Experiences of Labour And Birth: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Research Evidences
Authors: Tabaghdehi Monirolsadate Hosseini , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Keramat Afsaneh , Motaghi Zahra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Childbirth and its experience have the potential physical and psychological impact in the short and long term on mothers’ lives. This study aimed to identify and synthesize the qualitative researches in this regard to obtain a deep understanding of this phenomenon.Methods: In this study, articles were searched in databases such as Scopus, Pubmed as well as search in google scholar, Science Direct, key journals, and relevant theses using a predefined search strategy. Searching and selecting the articles and extracting data were performed by two independent authors. After searching, screening, and evaluating the studies, the final synthesis was completed on fourteen articles.Results: The meta-synthesis showed that there were two themes, four categories, and nine sub-categories. The themes include “perception” and “perspective”. Perception theme was derived from the two levels of control and security. Perspective theme was derived from of self-efficacy and self-esteem.Conclusion: Childbirth experience is affected by different factors. Health care systems should consider these factors in their patients during pregnancy and childbirth on their policies and guidelines.
Deciphering The Molecular Mechanism of Long Non-Coding RNA HIFA-AS1 Regulating Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang He , Wang Xinwei , Wu Yue , Li Xuehua , Sun Rui , Tian Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: HIFA-AS1, an antisense transcript of HIF1α gene, is a 652 bp long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) which globally expressed in multiple tissues of animals. Recent evidence indicate d that the HIFA-AS1 was involved in tumorigenesis of several types of cancer, but there were no report s on pancreatic cancer (PC).Results: In order to investigate whether the HIFA-AS1 could mediate the PC or not, it was overexpressed in a PC cell line (PANC-1), and a series of experiments including cell viability detection, flow cytometry transwell migration, clone formation and wound healing were performed. Functionally, the results indicated that overexpression (OE) of HIFA-AS1 could inhibit proliferation and shift, and promote apoptosis of PC cells. Moreover, to explore underlying molecular mechanism of anti tumorigenic actions of HIFA-AS1 in PC cells, the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) quantitative proteomics analysis was implemented and the results indicated that OE of HIFA-AS1 globally affected the expression levels of multiple protein associated with metabolism of cancer. Moreover, the network analysis revealed that the most of these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were integrated, and severed essential roles in regulatory function.Conclusions: In summary, HIFA-AS1 may exhibit a potential therapeutic effect on PC, and our study provided useful information in this filed.
Chromosomal Abnormalities Associated With Local Recurrence or Pulmonary Metastasis of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in Thai Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study With 6 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Ruangsomboon Pakpoom , Heepchantree Worapa , Reingrittha Pissanu , Waikakul Saranatra , Phimolsarnti Rapin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone demonstrates chromosomal abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of chromosomal abnormalities of primary GCT of bone relative to local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis.Methods: This prospective longitudinal cohort study with 6 years of follow-up included consecutive patients with primary GCT of bone that were surgically treated during 2011 to 2013 at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. All patients underwent surgical resection with extended intralesional curettage and phenol local adjuvant therapy. Systematic cytogenetic analysis compared cytogenetic abnormalities between patients with and without local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis. Fifteen patients were eligible, enrolled, and had successful cytogenetic analysis.Results: The median follow-up time was 46 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 32-58). Five patients experienced local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis with a median time to recurrence of 6 months (IQR: 3.25-10.5). The mean number of abnormal cells in the primary culture compared between those with local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis and those without was 24.4 vs. 9.6 cells, respectively (p=0.04). A similar pattern was observed in the cultures of the subsequent four passages (all p<0.05). Forty-five patterns of clonal telomeric association (tas) were observed in passaged cultures. Six tas patterns were associated with local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis, including tas(11;19)(p15;q13.4), tas(15;19)(q26.3;q13.4), tas(15;22)(p13;p13), tas(16;19)(p13.3;q13.4), tas(17;19)(p13;q13.4), and tas(19;22)(q13.4;q13).Conclusions: The mean number of abnormal cells and the six identified TAS patterns may be valuable prognostic factors for local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis of GCT tumor of bone.
Circ-SMO-encoded 193 a.a. Confers Chemotherapy Resistance and Immune Escape to Glioma Stem Cells
Authors: yan sheng , wang shengyong , li xixi , yang yibing , wu xujia , zhong jian , chen junju , chen zhipeng , xu lin , zhou quan , gao xinya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs and their encoded proteins contribute to the tumorigenesis of glioma; however, the biological function and underlying mechanism of chemotherapy resistance and immune escape are largely known.Methods: We applied qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression level and correlation between Bax and PDL1. We next applied an apoptosis assay to detect chemotherapy resistance and immune escape.Results: Circ-SMO and 193 a.a. were upregulated in temozolomide-resistant tumours and tumour-associated immune escape tumours. Circ-SMO and 193 a.a. inhibited temozolomide-induced cell death and promoted PDL1 expression.Conclusion: Circ-SMO and 193 a.a. promote chemotherapy resistance and immune escape by modulating autophagy and PDL1 expression.
Relationship of Phase Angle, Echo Intensity, and Muscle Thickness with Isokinetic Knee Extensor Strength and Associated Motor Functions in Young Adults
Authors: Yamauchi Tomoyuki , Yamada Takumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: There is no comprehensive report on quadriceps femoris muscle parameters’ association with isokinetic knee extensor strength, and no study has comprehensively clarified the relationship with motor function. To investigate the relation of isokinetic knee extensor strength and motor functions with phase angle, muscle echo intensity, and muscle thickness, to find alternative methods for knee extensor strength assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the associations between phase angle (PA) (measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscle echo intensity (EI), and muscle thickness (MT) (measured using ultrasound) and isokinetic knee extensor strength (measured as maximum torque at 60 degree/s using an isokinetic dynamometer), and motor functions evaluated by gait speed (usual and maximum), five chair stands time, and stand up score.Results: The study comprised of 33 young healthy adults (12 males and 21 females; mean age, 22.2 years). Both sexes showed a significant correlation between isokinetic knee extensor strength and PA (males, r = 0.65, females, r = 0.54), muscle EI (males, r = -0.53, females, r = -0.54), and MT (males, r = 0.34, females, r = 0.38). In addition, a significant correlation was found between PA and maximum gait speed (males, r = 0.64, females, r = 0.44), five chair stands time (males, r = -0.69, females, r = -0.62), and stand up score (females, r = 0.45), and between muscle EI and maximum gait speed (males, r = -0.34, females, r = -0.42), five chair stands time (males, r = 0.37, females, r = 0.33), and stand up score (females, r = -0.30).Conclusions: The study suggests the potential of phase angle and muscle echo intensity as alternative assessment methods for isokinetic knee extensor strength.
Peripheral Blood Biomarkers Provide Prediction of Survival and Immune-Related Pneumonitis in Stage III/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Wu Haishan , Wu Yahua , Zhang Mengyan , Yu Yilin , Lin Mingqiang , Wang Zhiping , Liu Tianxiu , Zheng Qunhao , Ma Jiayu , Liu Lingyun , Li Jiancheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been considered as a standard therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to explore associations between peripheral blood biomarkers with survival and immune-related pneumonitis (IRP) in patients with stage III/IV NSCLC treated with ICIs, and establish a novel risk stratification to predict outcomes.Methods: This study enrolled 95 patients with stage III/IV NSCLC receiving ICIs. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were used to determine prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the correlation between peripheral blood markers and IRP.Results: Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that pretreatment absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) (HR: 0.113, 95%CI: 0.113–0.863, P=0.025), and post-treatment systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (HR: 4.199, 95%CI: 1.058–16.662, P=0.041) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Similarly, pretreatment ALC (HR: 0.333, 95%CI: 0.129–0.857, P=0.023) and post-treatment SIRI (HR: 3.160, 95%CI: 1.046–9.551, P=0.041) were also independent predictors of PFS. Based on these biomarkers, patients were classified into 3 categories: low-risk group: ALC >1.5 and SIRI ≤1.69 (n=28); medium-risk group: ALC >1.5 or SIRI ≤1.69 (n=35); high-risk group ALC ≤1.5 and SIRI >1.69 (n=32). The 1-year OS rate were 69.2%, 63.6%, 27.1%, respectively (P=0.001) and 1-year PFS rate were 51.8%, 44.8%, 21.1%, respectively (P=0.007). Furthermore, we found patients with post-treatment NLR >3 were associated with a significantly higher risk for occurring IRP than that NLR ≤3 (HR: 2.917, 95%CI: 1.037-8.206, P=0.043), and the time to IRP onset in post-treatment NLR>3 group was significantly shorter than that in NLR≤3 (P=0.018).Conclusions: Pretreatment ALC and post-treatment SIRI appeared to be biomarkers of outcome in stage III/IV NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. Furthermore, post-treatment NLR>3 was more likely to develop IRP.
Bone Apposition at the Mandibular Angles as a Radiological Sign of Bruxism: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Türp Jens Christoph , Simonek Michelle , Dagassan Dorothea 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The main objective of this investigation was to determine on panoramic radiographs the prevalence of macroscopically visible alterations (bone apposition in combination with directional change) in the mandibular angle region in bruxism patients. Another aim was to describe and detect different morphological characteristics of the jaw angles. Methods: Two hundred panoramic radiographs were studied: 100 images of adults with clinically diagnosed bruxism (73 women, 27 men, age range: 21 to 83 years), 100 images of a comparison group consisting of adolescents (66 girls, 34 boys, age range: 12 to 18 years). Results: The morphological changes of the 400 jaw angles could be classified into four degrees. In the adult group, almost half of mandibular angles showed bone apposition. Conversely, the prevalence in the control group was zero. The localization of the appositions corresponds to the insertions of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles at the mandibular angle. Conclusions: The bone apposition at the mandibular angles should be interpreted as a functional adaptation to the long-term increased loads that occur during the contraction of the jaw closing muscles due to bruxism. Hence, radiologically diagnosed bone apposition may serve as an indication or confirmation of bruxism.
Effect of Metal (Cu, Mn) Doping on the Structural, Morphological, Optical, Photoluminescence, Electrical and Photocatalytic Properties of In2s3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kennedy A. , Ganesan H. , Govindaraj T. , Maalmargan J. , Bagyalakshmi K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pure and metal (Cu, Mn) doped In2S3 nanoparticles were prepared by the standard co-precipitation technique. This work aims to study the influence of metal (Cu, Mn) on the synthesized nanoparticles' structural, morphological, optical, photoluminescence, and electrical properties (NPs). The XRD pattern reveals that the metal (Cu, Mn) doped In2S3 NPs were polycrystalline with a cubic phase whose particle size varies between 36.2 and 49 nm. A significant decrease in the crystallite size was observed after metal doping. It is noted from the EDS spectra the elements like In, Cu, Mn and S are present in the NPs. The optical studies reveal that the high transmittance (80%) was observed for pure In2S3 NPs makes them an efficient window layer for solar cell applications. Also, the calculated bandgap energy was found to increase ( 2.8 – 3.28 e V) for metal doping. Photoluminescence measurements reveal that the photoemission is mainly due to the donor-acceptor pair transitions. The electrical studies indicate that the electrical conductivity decreases significantly with doping, and maximum electrical conductivity of 1.28 x 10-6 (Ω m)-1 was obtained for pure In2S3 NPs. A photocatalytic study reveals that high photocatalytic activity is observed for Mn-doped NPs under Methylene blue (84%).
Acute Cardiotoxicity after Initiation of the Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gilteritinib for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Kim Lisa , Fowler Brian , Campbell Courtney M. , Slivnick Jeremy , Nawaz Haseeb , Kaka Yaquta , Ruz Patrick , Vallakati Ajay , Baliga Ragavendra , Vasu Sumithira , Addison Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Gilteritinib is a novel FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitor recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. However, gilteritinib may be associated with underrecognized cardiotoxicities.Case Presentation: This case describes a patient with a history significant for hyperlipidemia who was diagnosed with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. After four doses of gilteritinib monotherapy, she abruptly developed acute systolic heart failure with global hypokinesis and septal wall motion abnormalities. Two days after discontinuation, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed partial recovery of her left ventricular ejection fraction as well as myocardial edema and non-ischemic fibrosis suggestive of inflammatory cardiomyopathy. She underwent intravenous diuresis and eventually started guideline-directed heart failure therapy. Follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance imaging five months later showed improved ejection fraction with mild non-ischemic fibrosis and resolution of myocardial edema and inflammation. She later received an allogeneic stem cell transplant from a matched unrelated donor. Conclusions: Gilteritinib may be associated with early cardiotoxicities, including non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can be an important modality to help differentiate or diagnose early cardiotoxicities associated with novel targeted therapies.
A Comparison of PCR and ELISA Methods to Detect Different Stages of Plasmodium Vivax in Anopheles Arabiensis.
Authors: Hendershot Allison L , Esayas Endashaw , Sutcliffe Alice C. , Irish Seth R. , Gadisa Endalamaw , Tadesse Fitsum G. , Lobo Neil F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: In characterizing malaria epidemiology, measuring mosquito infectiousness informs the entomological inoculation rate, an important metric of malaria transmission. PCR-based methods have been touted as more sensitive than the current “gold-standard” circumsporozoite (CSP) ELISA. Wider application of PCR-based methods has been limited by lack of specificity for the infectious sporozoite stage. We compared a PCR method for detecting the parasite’s cytochrome oxidase I (COX-I) gene with ELISA for detecting circumsporozoite protein for identification of different life stages of the parasite during development within a mosquito. Methods: A PCR-based method targeting the Plasmodium COX-I gene was compared with the CSP ELISA method to assess infectivity in Anopheles arabiensis colony mosquitoes fed on blood from patients infected with Plasmodium vivax. Mosquitoes were tested at six post-infection timepoints (days 0.5, 1, 6, 9, 12, 15). Head and thoraces, and abdomens for each specimen were tested separately with both methods. Agreement between methods at each infection stage was measured using Cohen’s Kappa measure of test association.Results: Infection status of mosquitoes was assessed in approximately 90 head and thoraces and 90 abdomens at each time point; in total 538 head and thoraces and 534 abdomens were tested. In mosquitoes bisected after 0.5, 1-, and 6-days post-infection, the COX-I PCR detected Plasmodium DNA in both the abdomens (88%, 78%, and 67%, respectively) and head and thoraces (69%, 60%, and 44%, respectively) whilst CSP-ELISA detect sporozoites in only 1 abdomen on day 6 post-infection. PCR was also more sensitive than ELISA for detection of Plasmodium in mosquitoes bisected after 9-, 12-, and 15-days post-infection in both the head and thoraces and abdomens. There was fair agreement between both methods for time points 9 -15 days post-infection (κ = 0.312, 95% CI: 0.230 – 0.394). Conclusion: The COX-I PCR is a highly sensitive, robust method for detecting Plasmodium DNA in mosquitoes, but its limited Plasmodium life-stage specificity cannot be overcome by bisection of the head and thorax from the abdomen prior to PCR. Thus, the COX-I PCR is a poor candidate for identifying infectious mosquitoes.