bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endosonography in head and neck imaging and surgery
Authors: Brandt Marie , Garset-Zamani Martin , Bozzato Alessandro , Weimer Johannes M , Arens Christoph , Dietrich Christoph F. , Todsen Tobias , Künzel Julian 
Published: December 2024

This CME article explores the evolving role of endosonography in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Endosonography offers significant potential to improve imaging inside the upper respiratory tract, particularly with advancements in probe technology and imaging resolution. The article will describe the sonoanatomy of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx and the selection of probes and scanning techniques used for the various anatomical sites. Transoral ultrasound can be used to improve the diagnosis of salivary gland diseases, oropharyngeal abscesses, and ultrasound-guided puncture and biopsy. Endoscopic endolaryngeal ultrasound is used especially for diagnosing small laryngeal cancer and determining infiltration status. The article highlights the role of endosonography in managing oncologic diseases, especially in oral tongue carcinoma, where it aids in surgical planning by assessing the depth of invasion. In cases of HPV-positive carcinoma of unknown primary, high-frequency endosonography is crucial for detecting small tumors in the oropharyngeal region. In summary, the article advocates the broader integration of endosonography in clinical practice, highlighting its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes in head and neck oncology.
Long-term evaluation of neurological outcomes in
chemotherapy-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) syndrome in
children
Authors: Reis İskenderoğlu Gökçe Pınar , Dilber Beril , Eyüboğlu İlker , Bahadır Ayşenur , Erduran Erol 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a
clinical syndrome with numerous etiologies, mostly characterized by magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the posterior cerebral white and gray
matter and acute neurological symptoms.
Aim To examine the predisposing factors, clinical results, and
radiological features of PRES in children diagnosed with malignancy. Materials
and
Methods The study included 20 patients (7 F/13 M) aged 4–16 years at the
time of diagnosis who were diagnosed with malignancy and developed PRES during
chemotherapy.
Results All the patients were diagnosed as having PRES both clinically and
radiographically during chemotherapy. The time from the initiation of the
chemotherapy to the onset of PRES ranged from 7–675 days. Hypertension was
detected in nine patients, seizure was the most common presenting symptom – had
involvement in the occipital and parietal lobes on MRI (n=14)/followed by
headache (n=8)/altered consciousness (n=5)/visual impairment (n=4).
Hydrocephalus and tentorial herniation were observed in one patient. Most of the
lesions on MRI resolved within 10–33 days and the EEG findings within 9 months.
Clinical symptoms of PRES also disappeared completely the 5-year Press frequency
was found to be 2.48%.
Conclusion PRES may complicate the oncological treatment in children.
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for PRES, while it should be kept in mind
that the blood pressure may be normal in chemotherapy-induced PRES cases. PRES
should be included in the differential diagnosis of all patients receiving
chemotherapy and presenting with acute neurological symptoms.
Neonatal Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Uzun Özlem Ünal , Çınar Müge , İster Meral Bahar , Eşgi Merve , Kara Bülent , Pehlevan Özge Serçe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening condition in pediatric patients, often triggered by various factors, such as infections, trauma, hereditary metabolic disorders, and certain medications. Elevated creatine kinase levels are commonly observed in newborns and are often attributed to factors such as hypoxia, labor dystocia, and birth trauma. However, rhabdomyolysis in this population is rare and typically associated with hereditary metabolic disorders, medications, or infections. In this report, we describe the case of a neonate diagnosed with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency after markedly elevated creatine kinase levels and rhabdomyolysis were identified during the neonatal period. Additionally, we suggested a guideline for the evaluation of creatine kinase elevation and rhabdomyolysis in neonates.
Intratracheal Administration of Budesonide with Surfactant for Prevention of Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A before–after Study
Authors: Pillai Anish , Kabra Nandkishor , Kothavade Sharayu , Chevle Anita , Sakharkar Sachin , Tiwari Deepika , Choubey Richa , Balasubramanian Haribalakrishna 
Published: December 2024

Objective Previous studies have suggested a potential role for inhaled corticosteroids, such as budesonide, in reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among preterm infants. The objective of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of intratracheal administration of corticosteroid with surfactant on the composite outcome of death or BPD at 36 weeks in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.
Study Design This before–after cohort study compared outcomes in ELBW infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who received intratracheal surfactant with budesonide to a historical cohort who received surfactant alone. Data were collected retrospectively for neonates in the surfactant group and prospectively for those receiving surfactant plus budesonide.
Results A total of 385 ELBW infants were included. Death or BPD occurred in 123/203 (60.5%) in the surfactant with budesonide group versus 105/182 (57.6%) in the surfactant group; adjusted odds ratio 1.10 (95% CI: 0.69–1.75; p = 0.69). Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the incidence of the composite primary outcome (death or BPD at 36 weeks of postmenstrual gestational age), and its components, between the two study groups.
Conclusion In our study, coadministration of budesonide and surfactant was deemed safe and feasible among ELBW infants with RDS. However, we did not observe a significant reduction in the rates of composite or individual outcomes of death or BPD. Larger, randomized controlled trials are necessary to explore the potential advantages of this intervention.
Key Points
A Pilot Dashboard System to Track Cumulative Exposure to Sound Levels during Music Instruction: A Technical Report
Authors: Goel Akansha , Joshi Eeshan , Kwee-Bintoro Ted , Gopal Kamakshi V. , Chesky Kris , Champlin Sara , Albert Mark V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Music-induced hearing loss (MIHL) is a critical public health issue. During music instruction, students and teachers are at risk of developing hearing loss due to exposure to loud and unsafe sound levels that can exceed 100 dBA. Prevention of MIHL in music students must be a desired action of all music educators.
Purpose To promote deliberate changes in music instruction and encourage more moderate sound creation and exposure during music education, it is essential to equip the instructors with live dynamic tools to monitor the overall sound intensities during music instruction. Equally important data to convey to the instructors are information regarding the intensity and duration of sounds at specific frequency regions in the music they are generating. Unfortunately, there are no feasible techniques to track cumulative live music exposures at various frequencies nor are there any guidelines for safe music exposure.
Research Design We created a visually appealing, user-friendly dashboard prototype system to display the accumulated time and intensity of sound exposure during live classes/rehearsals categorized into three frequency ranges. These visuals can be easily understood at a glance allowing musicians and instructors to make informed decisions about how to play music safely.
Experimental Approach and Results The dashboard included a collection of circular dial graphs that displayed in real time the accumulated sound exposure in the instructor's selected frequency range and showed the percentage of the maximum daily sound exposure based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Standards (NIOSH, 1998). Although NIOSH standards are not widely applied for music exposure, we propose that these standards can be used to provide initial guidelines to develop critical levels of music exposure. Additionally, the dashboard included a color-coded equalizer that displayed the instantaneous frequency distribution of sounds to indicate if sound levels at specific frequencies were too high even for short-term exposure.
Conclusion Less expensive than existing technology and more convenient to use, this dashboard will enable music instructors to make informed decisions on how to best adapt their teaching approaches to protect the hearing health of their students.
Self-reported Hearing Quality of Life for Adolescent Cochlear Implant Recipients: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Davidson Lisa S. , Geers Ann E. , Uchanski Rosalie M. , Siu Kathryn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Clinicians are increasingly interested in self-reported hearing-specific quality of life (HQoL) for cochlear implant (CI) recipients, including pediatric CI recipients.
Purpose (1) To compare HQoL of adolescent CI recipients to those of peers with typical hearing (TH); (2) to examine, longitudinally, HQoL for a set of CI recipients; and (3) to determine the effects of child, demographic, audiological, speech perception, and language variables on adolescent HQoL.
Research Design Hearing Environments and Reflections on Quality of Life (HEARQL) questionnaires were completed by children with CIs at elementary (HEARQL-26) and adolescent (HEARQL-28) ages.
Study Sample Eighty CI recipients and 21 children with TH.
Data Collection and Analysis HEARQL-28 scores for the CI and TH groups were compared using nonparametric tests. Regression models were used to examine longitudinal results and to explore predictor variables for adolescent CI participants' HEARQL-28 scores.
Results HEARQL-28 scores for CI participants were lower than those of peers with TH. For both CI and TH adolescents, the HEARQL subscale with the lowest score is “Hearing Situations.” CI participants' HEARQL scores at elementary age were not significantly correlated with scores at adolescence. Over 70% of unexplained variance remains even after inclusion of variables with established contributions to traditional CI benefit.
Conclusions Self-reported HEARQL scores are largely unexplained for pediatric CI recipients; multidisciplinary explorations of other sources of variance, such as social, emotional, and psychosocial factors, should be pursued.
The Influence of Remote Hearing Aid Adjustment Technology on the Current Practice of Tele-Audiology among Audiologists in Malaysia
Authors: Quar T. Kar , Lim Y. Feng , Rashid Mohd F.N. , Chu S. Ying , Chong F. Yen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective Many hearing aid manufacturers have developed application programs that allow audiologists to fine-tune or adjust their patients' hearing aids remotely. This study aims to explore audiologists' experiences in using the remote hearing aid adjustment in Malaysia.
Method This is a qualitative research design where focus group discussions among audiologists were held. The interview data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns and reconstruct meaning.
Study Sample Ten audiologists with at least 1 year of work experience in providing remote hearing aid adjustment services to adult patients were recruited.
Results Even though there has been an increased utilization of remote fine-tuning among audiologists in Malaysia due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, its use among audiologists remains limited at present. Five thematic areas were identified: “Adoption of Practice,” “Challenges and Limitations,” “Benefits and Opportunities,” “Satisfaction,” and “Recommendations for Improvement.” The TedAP challenges (T-technical challenges: e-ease of use, d-digital competency; A-abuse of system, and P-physical examinations) have been identified under the “Challenges and Limitations” theme. Suggestions for improvement include integrating the applications and video calls on a common platform, assigning a “standby” trained audiologist, and incorporating remote fine-tuning into audiology education.
Conclusion Challenges and limitations associated with the provision of tele-audiology have been documented based on the views and experiences of audiologists in Malaysia. Despite the barriers, audiologists acknowledged the benefits associated with remote systems and recommendations were provided to improve the services. The results of this study could contribute to the increase in the use of tele-audiology in Malaysia. This would be instrumental in developing further the audiology profession in terms of the adoption of tele-audiology and telehealth in Malaysia.
China officinalis as Possible Homeopathic Prophylaxis for the Brazilian Dengue Epidemic
Authors: Olandim Ana Amélia Campos Claro , Fujino Fernanda Maria Simões da Costa , Lemonica Renata , Benites Nilson Roberti , Barnabé Vagner Doja 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDengue, a hyperendemic arbovirus thriving in tropical and sub-tropical climates globally, has seen a significant surge in Brazil over the past 5 years. Presently, the country faces an epidemic, posing a huge challenge to Public Health authorities due to the potentially lethal nature of severe infections. Based on Hahnemannian concepts and on the historically reported efficacy of homeopathy in fighting epidemics, this study aimed to provide supporting evidence for a homeopathic genus epidemicus approach to prevent severe forms of dengue. Symptoms related to the severe phase of the disease were prioritised in the repertorisation: China officinalis (Chin) received the highest total symptoms score (43 points from 21 symptoms) followed by Arsenicum album (31/13) and Phosphorus (29/14). In the asymptomatic population exposed to the etiological agent, the use of Chin might contribute as an additional strategy in the prophylaxis of dengue.
Exact solution of the Anderson model
Authors: Vigman P. B. 
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the Anderson model, which describes the behavior of magnetic impurities in a metal, is fully integrable. The Bethe method makes it possible to find the exact energy levels of the Anderson Hamiltonian which are used to calculate the thermodynamic functions of a magnetic alloy.
In the basic form the magnetization of an impurity is calculated as a function of the magnetic field. The regime of intermediate valency is investigated in detail.
Quasi-one-dimensional diffusion of He impurities in molecular solid hydrogen at low temperatures
Authors: Mikheev V. A. , Maidanov V. A. , Mikhin N. P. 
Published: December 2024

The method of pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to investigate the diffusion of 3He impurities in the matrix of solid molecular parahydrogen at temperatures to 0.5 °K and pressures to 120 atm.
It has been shown that at an 3He concentration of ∼0.1% and pressures above 20 atm the attenuation of the NMR signal is essentially nonexponential; this is explained within the framework of a proposed model of quasi-one-dimensional diffusion of 3He along dislocation lines in the parahydrogen crystal.
Kinetics of vacancions in quantum crystals
Authors: Strzhemechnyi M. A. , Kaľnoi S. E. 
Published: December 2024

A kinetic equation has been formulated for vacancions (vacancies) with allowance for the possibility of their being created and annihilated on dislocations in a crystal. The kinetic equation for vacancions is supplemented with a system of equations for elastic deformations, the changes in which are due to the displacement of dislocations as a result of the precipitation (or creation) of vacancies. The diffusion coefficient of vacancions and the contribution of the vacancion flux to the thermal conductivity have been calculated.
The results for vacancion thermal conductivity are compared with experimental data on the isochoric thermal conductivity of solid inert gases (A. I. Bondarenko, V. G. Manzhelii, and V. A. Popov).
Medium Modifications of Heavy-Flavor Jet Angularities in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
Authors: Li Yao , Chen Shi-Yong , Kong Wei-Xi , Wang Sa , Zhang Ben-Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present the first theoretical study on heavy-flavor jet angularities (

λ
α
κ

) in Pb+Pb collisions at

s

NN

=
5.02

TeV. The initial production of heavy-flavor jets was carried out using the POWHEG+PYTHIA8 prescription. In contrast, the SHELL transport model describes jet evolution in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In p+p collisions, we observed narrower angularity distributions for D0-tagged jets than for inclusive jets, consistent with the ALICE preliminary results. We then demonstrate that jet quenching in the QGP slightly widens the angularity distribution of D0-tagged jets in Pb+Pb collisions relative to that in p+p collisions for a jet transverse momentum of

10
<

p

T
,
jet

ch

<
20

GeV/c. In contrast, the angularity distributions of the inclusive and D0-tagged jets become narrower in Pb+Pb collisions relative to p+p at

p

T
,
jet

ch

>
20

GeV/c because of the strong influence of selection bias. Additionally, by comparing the average angularities

〈

λ
α
κ

〉

of the inclusive, D0-tagged, and B0-tagged jets with varying α and κ, we show that the larger the quark mass, the lower the jet’s

〈

λ
α
κ

〉

values are. As a result of the slenderer initial distribution, we predict that compared with inclusive jets, heavy-flavor jets, especially B0-tagged ones, will suffer stronger modifications of

〈

λ
α
κ

〉

in Pb+Pb relative to p+p at

10
<

p

T
,
jet

ch

<
20

GeV/c. For a larger jet radius, a more significant broadening of the jet angularities was predicted because of the enhanced contribution of the wide-angle particles.
Spatial, temporal, and voltage-dependent measurement of the reduced electric field of nanosecond pulsed discharges with a pulse width of 5 ns in synthetic air at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Sasamoto Ryo , Hirakawa Yoichi , Wang Douyan , Namihira Takao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The reduced electric field E/N is one of the important parameters for understanding the occurrence, propagation, state, and plasma chemical reaction of discharge and plasma phenomena. The measurement of the E/N using the nitrogen emission intensity ratio has been used to help understand various discharge and plasma phenomena. Among various discharge and plasma phenomena, nanosecond pulsed discharges are expected to be used in gas processing, environmental purification, surface treatment, agriculture, and medical applications. However, the E/N of nanosecond pulsed discharges with very short pulse widths has not been clarified. In this work, the intensity ratio of nitrogen is used to investigate the E/N of primary and secondary streamer discharges nanosecond pulses generated between a coaxial cylindrical reactor in terms of spatial, temporal, and voltage dependence. Therefore, the maximum E/N of the positive nanosecond pulsed primary streamer discharge generated at the center of the electrode was 522–834 Td. The E/N at the coaxial cylinder’s center was also higher than the E/N near the outer electrode. As the applied voltage increased, the E/N of nanosecond pulsed discharges also increased. From these results, the reasons why nanosecond pulse discharges are effective in applications (ex. Ozone generation and NOx treatment) are discussed.
Improved insulator defect detection network considering target characteristics and sample location classification
Authors: Yu Tianchen , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Insulators are crucial components of the power system. An enhanced insulator detection network, based on YOLOv8, addresses unequal training samples, inadequate target localization and classification accuracy in the existing insulator unmanned aerial vehicle inspection algorithm. Firstly, the ADown down-sampling component and DynamicConv are incorporated into the backbone network to enhance feature representation. Secondly, Focal-IoU and Adaptive Training Sample Selection are used during training to adjust the weight of each sample based on their quantity and difficulty level, enhancing focus on rare and challenging targets. Finally, to address difficult target localization and classification, design a task-aligned detection head called ‘Align Head’ to strengthen the link between localization and classification branches. Experiments show that the proposed method increases mAP@0.5 (mean average precision at a threshold of 0.50) by 7.5% over the baseline, with an FPS of 81.57, demonstrating superior performance.
A multi-robot conflict elimination path planning approach for dynamic environments
Authors: Yang Liu , Yang Mengru , Wang Annan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Path planning plays a crucial role in multi-robot systems, and its effectiveness directly impacts the system’s performance. A multi-robot conflict-elimination path planning method (CEPP) for dynamic environments is proposed. The method fuses the adaptive dynamic-window algorithm (ADWA) with the Repulsive function-based optimized A* algorithm (R–A*) to deal with multi-robot path planning (MRPP) and introduces a safe area radius and priority strategy to solve the multi-robot collision conflict problem. Among them, ADWA first adds the time cost and target point distance evaluation function to the original evaluation function and introduces adaptive weights to accelerate the efficiency of the robot in finding the target point. Then a target point detection waiting mechanism is introduced to solve the problem that the robot cannot find the endpoint. Finally, the effectiveness of the CEPP algorithm for MRPP in dynamic environments is verified by simulation. Meanwhile, the CEPP algorithm is compared and analyzed with the traditional fusion algorithm (A*-DWA), and the simulation results show that the average running time and path length of this method are better than the A*-DWA algorithm.
A road defect detection algorithm incorporating partially transformer and multiple aggregate trail attention mechanisms
Authors: Wang Xueqiu , Gao Huanbing , Jia Zemeng , Zhao Jiayang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Road infrastructure, fundamental to daily life, inevitably sustains damage over time. Timely and precise identification and remediation of road defects are critical to prolong the lifespan of roads and ensure driving safety. Given the limitations of the widely-used You Look Only Once (YOLO) algorithm, including its insufficient receptive field and suboptimal detection accuracy, this paper introduces a novel road defect detection method. First, we propose a new attention mechanism, aggregate multiple coordinate attention, that effectively retains and concatenates channel information while preserving localization data, thereby enhancing the focus on intrinsic features. Second, we design a cross stage partial—partially transformer block (CSP_PTB) that combines CNNs and transformers to yield richer and more varied feature representations. Finally, we develop a novel neck structure, the re-calibrated feature pyramid network (Re-Calibration FPN), which selectively combines boundary and semantic information for finer object contour delineation and positional recalibration. Experimental results show that the S version of the algorithm in this paper achieves a detection accuracy of 73.2% on the road defect dataset, which is 4.2% higher than the YOLOv8 algorithm. Additionally, with an FPS of 80, it meets the requirements for real-time detection, achieving a good balance between detection speed and detection accuracy. Additionally, it exhibits excellent generalizability and robustness on the UAV asphalt pavement distress and PASCAL VOC 2007 datasets.