bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Peacemaking Circles to Indigenize Tribal Child Welfare
Authors: Van Schilfgaarde Lauren , Shelton Brett Lee 
Published: November 2021

Historical child welfare policies explicitly aimed to exterminate Indigenous culture and disrupt tribal cohesion. The remnants of these policies form the foundation for the contemporary child welfare system. These policies view the child as an isolated and interchangeable asset, over which parents enjoy property-like rights, and in which the child welfare system is incentivized to “save” children from perceived economic, cultural, and geographic ills through an adversarial process. Extended family, community members, and cultural connections have minimal voice or value. These underpinnings inform federal policies that influence all child welfare systems, including tribal child welfare systems. The result is that tribal child welfare systems perpetuate the individual, rights-centric, adversarial child welfare system that harms Indigenous families.
Indigenous children have the right to maintain connections to their Indigenous family, tribal nation, culture, and cultural education. These rights translate into obligations the community owes to the child to ensure that these connections are robust. Tradition-based systems of dispute resolution—frequently called “peacemaking,” among other names, but which we will call “circle processes”—offer a hopeful alternative.
Circle processes are rooted in an Indigenous worldview that perceives an issue, particularly a child welfare issue, as evidence of community imbalance that directly impacts the community, and conversely, imparts an obligation on the community to respond. Through the circle, family and community can complete their natural reciprocal relationship.
Tribal child welfare has the potential to be a transformative system that promotes community, family, and children’s health and the self-determination and sovereignty of tribes. This Article outlines the ways in which the modern tribal child welfare system has been structured to compartmentalize families and perpetuate historical federal policies of Indian family separation. This Article then suggests that circle processes are a framework for re-Indigenizing the tribal child welfare system to not just improve outcomes (for which it has the potential to do), but to also honor the interconnected, responsibility oriented worldview of Indigenous communities. Ultimately, however, tribes should lead that re-Indigenization process, whether through a circle process framework or otherwise.
A Loose Affiliation of Alleluias
Authors: Oram Celeste , GoGwilt Keir 
Published: November 2021

This article is written from our perspectives as a performer and a composer, focusing on our violin concerto, “a loose affiliation of alleluias”, which we created and premiered in 2019. Making this concerto was an exercise in excavating the material histories that guide our creative practice. Our purpose in doing so was to work towards a clear and necessarily complex appraisal of how our current practices are motivated by, and reproduce, historically-determined knowledge, authority, and cultural attitudes. We think through our own reproductions of historical knowledge via Ben Spatz’s exegesis of “technique”, and via Edward Said’s notion of “affiliations” as the networks which build up cultural associations and cultural authority. With this theoretical frame, we contextualize some of the musical techniques and tropes engaged in our concerto—for instance polyphony, ornamentation, and the concerto soloist as heroic subject.
We contextualize our reflections next to critical positions staked circumscribed by what Ben Piekut calls “elite avantgardism”—an analytical category which we see ourselves as operating within. We discuss, for instance, the critical gestures of musical modernism which (per Adorno’s analysis) conspicuously arrest and negate historical musical grammars and logics – and yet continue to reproduce its structuring values. In our concluding statements we gesture towards some of the pedagogical implications of this work, considering how creative practice can be leveraged to re-appraise the histories shaping our practices of composition, improvisation, and performance.
Is Affordability and Accessibility All It Takes?
Authors: Gregory Caroline , Ogundeji Michael , Srivastava Aarti , Vanier Bianca , Dave Sailly , Rampersad Adam 
Published: November 2021

The Affordable Medicine Facility – malaria (AMFm) was a pilot project established to subsidize quality-assured artemisinin-based combination therapies (QAACTs) in eight malaria-endemic African regions: Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Madagascar, Tanzania (mainland) and Zanzibar. The objectives of the program were to increase the affordability and availability of artemisimin-based combination therapies (ACT), as well as the market share relative to other less effective antimalarial medicines. Overall, the AMFm program had a greater impact in the private-for-profit sector than the public sector. In general, public services do not work as well as their private counterparts in most countries. Inadequate services in remote areas necessitate prohibitively long journeys to access resources and care. In general, the private sector was able to provide supplies of ACTs, as long as it was profitable. Seven countries showed significant increases in availability in the private sector, six regions had significant decreases in QAACT cost, with declines ranging from $1.28 to $4.82, and all eight regions had increases in market share. Impact in remote regions was substantial, with 60% (Ghana) and 48.5% (Kenya) of facilities in remote areas stocking QAACTs. Negotiations with manufacturers, the involvement of the private sector, and supporting interventions were critical in the success of AMFm. The AMFm pilot project then transitioned into a private sector co-payment mechanism involving only six countries. The AMFm program was not sustainable due to the enormous costs of the program, potentially due to unnecessary and excessive orders of ACTs, with an estimated total of 500 million USD. Fixing this sustainability issue would make a program such as this one more applicable to other malaria-endemic countries, which have limited financial resources.
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENSURING THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE STATE
Authors: Жбанова С.А. 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены формы реализации государственной политики в области обеспечения безопасности дорожного
движения, направленные на предупреждение и профилактику дорожно-транспортных происшествий. В настоящее время довольно остро
стоят вопросы, касающиеся безопасности дорожного движения. Несмотря на предпринимаемые меры, ситуация, которая сложилась на
дорогах Российской Федерации, далека от совершенства. В связи с этим обеспечение безопасности дорожного движения выходит на
первый план и становится одной из первоочередных задач страны, имеющих общенациональное значение.
The article considers the forms of implementation of the state policy in the field of road safety aimed at the prevention and
prevention of road accidents. Currently, there are quite acute issues related to road safety. The situation that has developed on the roads of the
Russian Federation is far from perfect, despite the measures taken. In this regard, ensuring road safety comes to the fore and becomes one of the
priority tasks of the country, which is of national importance.
FEATURES OF ENSURING THE SAFETY OF TRANSPORTING CHILDREN TO SCHOOL AND BACK BY SPECIALLY DESIGNED VEHICLES (SCHOOL BUSES) IN CANADA
Authors: Турищева А.А. 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрен зарубежный опыт обеспечения безопасности перевозок детей в школу и обратно специально предназначенными для этого транспортными средствами (школьными автобусами) на примере Канады.
The article discusses the foreign experience of ensuring the safety of transportation of children to and from school with specially designed vehicles (school buses) on the example of Canada.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL MONITORING IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL
Authors: Кузнецова Е.И. , Филатова И.В. 
Published: November 2021

Авторами изучаются механизмы информационно-аналитического обеспечения финансового мониторинга, интегрированного в систему экономической безопасности России, на уровне научно-практической и методической основы, раскрывающей направления комплексной организации и инфраструктурных решений, учитывающих содержательные принципы государственного финансового контроля.
The authors study the mechanisms of information and analytical support of financial monitoring integrated into the system of economic security of Russia, at the level of scientific, practical and methodological basis, revealing the directions of complex organization and infrastructure solutions that take into account the substantive principles of state financial control.
DIGITAL ECONOMY AS A BASIS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Свирина М.В. 
Published: November 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности функционирования цифровой экономики в современных условиях. В условиях цифровой экономики полное устранение опасности или риска неизбежно влечет за собой отказ от дополнительных возможностей развития экономики. Поэтому при построении системы безопасности необходимо определить приемлемый уровень риска как с точки зрения его управляемости и предсказуемости, так и возможных последствий.
This article discusses the features of the functioning of the digital economy in modern conditions. In the digital economy, the complete elimination of danger or risk inevitably entails the rejection of additional opportunities for economic development. Therefore, when building a security system, it is necessary to determine an acceptable level of risk, both in terms of its controllability and predictability, as well as possible consequences.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF COMPILING A TWO-LANGUAGE GLOSSARY DEVOTED TO THE TOPIC «DRUG-RELATED CRIMES»
Authors: Шашкова В.Н. , Игнатенко Е.С. , Каравашкина А.В. 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены лингвистические аспекты и дидактические возможности организации работы над составлением англо-русского глоссария по теме «Преступления, связанные с наркотиками», а также предложены варианты заданий, которые можно использовать как на практических занятиях по дисциплине «Иностранный язык», так и во время самоподготовки курсантов для совершенствования их иноязычной профессиональной коммуникативной компетенции.
he article elicits linguistic aspects and didactic possibilities of organizing work at compiling an english-russian glossary on the topic «Drug-related crimes», and offers versions of tasks which can be used both in tutorials in «Foreign language» and during the preparation period of cadets to foster their foreign language professional communicative competence.
Le Sezioni Unite della Cassazione sul crocifisso a scuola: alla ricerca di un difficile equilibrio tra pulsioni laiciste e giurisprudenza europea
Authors: Cavana Paolo 
Published: November 2021

SOMMARIO - 1. Il crocifisso in classe davanti alle Sezioni Unite - 2. Laicità dello Stato e autonomia scolastica - 3. Conflitto tra diritti e reasonable accommodation - 4. La regola della reasonable accommodation nella giurisprudenza straniera e italiana - 5. Il crocifisso come simbolo “essenzialmente passivo” nella giurisprudenza europea - 6. Reasonable accommodation in assenza di una lesione di diritti: rilievi critici - 7. Bilanciamento dei diritti e legislazione scolastica - 8. Il rapporto asimmetrico tra docente e alunni nella scuola: un dato del tutto omesso - 9. La rimozione del crocifisso da parte del docente: un atto lecito? Osservazioni conclusive.
The Supreme Court’s United Sections on the Crucifix controversy in schools: searching for a difficult balance between laicism and European case-law
ABSTRACT: This paper examines critically, in the light of the Italian and European case-law, the contents and the juridical arguments of a recent decision issued by the United Sections of the Italian Court of Cassation concerning the Crucifix controversy arisen in a State school. The judges established, on one hand, that the crucifix may be hung in a classroom upon demand of the students as it does not infringe the dissenting teacher’s freedom of conscience or of teaching, according to Lautsi ECHR decision (2011); on the other hand, the clash of values involved would need a reasonable accommodation which could require other religious symbols alongside the crucifix or its removal during the lessons of the dissenting teacher. Such a decision, according to the author, appears to be somewhat contradictory and ambiguous, and it does not resolve the case in a well-balanced way.
Lex orandi, lex credendi? Il Messale Romano e il suo valore simbolico tra Summorum Pontificum e Traditionis Custodes
Authors: Ferrara Francesco 
Published: November 2021

SOMMARIO: 1. Il “pomo della discordia”: Concilio Vaticano II - 2. L’ermeneutica della riforma nella continuità - 3. Unità nella unicità? - 4. Esempi di non trascurabile fedeltà.
Lex orandi, lex credendi? The Roman Missal and its symbolic value between Summorum Pontificum and Traditionis Custodes
ABSTRACT: This essay aims to examine the symbolic value acquired by the Roman Missal of 1962 by the Second Vatican Council today, especially through the comparison of two recent statutes, Summorum Pontificum and Traditionis Custodes. They can represent an effective synthesis of the approaches used by the Catholic Church to relate to a liturgical question that is still very controversial.
Genetic Mutations in the LTR Region of SRLV Viruses in Capra ibex
Authors: Erhouma Esadk A. 
Published: November 2021

The lentivirus (genus of the retroviruses family) can integrate a significant amount of viral cDNA into the DNA of the host cell and can efficiently infect dividing cells. They are able to spill over from their natural host species to induce new infections and pathologies among hosts of new species. This defines the crossing of species barrier that originates emergent viruses causing emergent diseases. The transmission of lentiviruses was observed between different species (domestic & wild). The small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) transmission is accompanied by genetic mutations in the genome of the virus. The study investigated the genetic mutations that accompany the infection and adaptation of SRLV to the new host. Genetic mutations were studied by amplifying and sequencing the Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) region.Blood samples were taken from Capra ibex living in the French Alps. Sera were tested using a commercially available ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated on a Ficoll gradient were cultured in a macrophage differentiation medium to obtain monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) monolayers for virus isolation. DNAs from non-cultured PBMC were used as templates for the PCR amplification of proviral DNA. PCR products (270 nt) were cloned and sequenced. Sequences were analysed using ClustalW.The alignments of the LTR fragment show three types of nucleotide mutations: replacement, addition, and deletion of nucleotide. Sequence analysis shows that the TATA box and the poly (A) site were highly conserved. The divergence of the LTR region between sequences obtained varied by 0.3 - 5.7 %. These differences were also shown by the phylogenetic tree. It can be seen that proviruses from the Capra ibex sequences are a closely related group, quite distinct from the reference sequence.
Art in the Age of Machine Learning
Authors: Audry Sofian 
Published: November 2021

An examination of machine learning art and its practice in new media art and music.
Over the past decade, an artistic movement has emerged that draws on machine learning as both inspiration and medium. In this book, transdisciplinary artist-researcher Sofian Audry examines artistic practices at the intersection of machine learning and new media art, providing conceptual tools and historical perspectives for new media artists, musicians, composers, writers, curators, and theorists. Audry looks at works from a broad range of practices, including new media installation, robotic art, visual art, electronic music and sound, and electronic literature, connecting machine learning art to such earlier artistic practices as cybernetics art, artificial life art, and evolutionary art.
Machine learning underlies computational systems that are biologically inspired, statistically driven, agent-based networked entities that program themselves. Audry explains the fundamental design of machine learning algorithmic structures in terms accessible to the nonspecialist while framing these technologies within larger historical and conceptual spaces. Audry debunks myths about machine learning art, including the ideas that machine learning can create art without artists and that machine learning will soon bring about superhuman intelligence and creativity. Audry considers learning procedures, describing how artists hijack the training process by playing with evaluative functions; discusses trainable machines and models, explaining how different types of machine learning systems enable different kinds of artistic practices; and reviews the role of data in machine learning art, showing how artists use data as a raw material to steer learning systems and arguing that machine learning allows for novel forms of algorithmic remixes.
Workplace violence against frontline clinicians in emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Yue , An Ying , Zhang Ling , An Feng-Rong , Luo Jia , Wang Aiping , Zhao Yan-Jie , Yuan Anzhe , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Qin Ming-Zhao , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundFrontline clinicians working in emergency departments (ED) were at disportionate risk of workplace violence (WPV). We investigated the prevalence of WPV and its relationship with quality of life (QOL) in this group of health professionals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional, online study was conducted. The nine-item Workplace Violence Scale measured WPV.ResultsA total of 1,103 ED clinicians participated in this study. The overall prevalence of WPV against ED clinicians was 29.2% (95% CI [26.5%-31.9%]). Having family/friends/colleagues infected with COVID-19 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.82,P= 0.01), current smoking (OR = 2.98,P< 0.01) and severity of anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.08,P< 0.01) were independently and positively associated with WPV, while working in emergency intensive care units (OR = 0.45,P< 0.01) was negatively associated with WPV. After controlling for covariates, clinicians experiencing WPV had a lower global QOL compared to those without (F(1, 1103)= 10.9,P< 0.01).ConclusionsPrevalence of workplace violence against ED clinicians was common in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the negative impact of WPV on QOL and quality of care, timely preventive measures should be undertaken for ED clinicians.
Measles Virus
Authors: Rima Bertus K , Duprex W Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Measles virus
(MV) is responsible for a childhood infection characterised by a maculopapular rash, dry cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and photophobia. Although mild in developed countries, the infection is associated with significant morbidity in developing countries and still kills more than 140 000 children per annum even though it is a vaccine‐preventable disease. The virus‐replication cycle is well understood, and the molecular description of the virus has progressed to a stage where the main emphasis of research has reverted towards understanding the pathogenesis and molecular basis of virus attenuation. Such knowledge will assist in the development of new vaccines and serve to increase our understanding of epidemiology and transmission. Our ability to make recombinant viruses that express autofluorescent proteins from additional transcription units within the genome has created a paradigm shift in changing our view of MV from simply a ‘respiratory infection’‐causing agent to one that affects the immune system in a serious and potentially dangerous manner. Identification of the early target cells as alveolar macrophages and/or dendritic cells in the deep lung alongside understanding the early events in viral pathogenesis helps shed light on how this highly infectious agent establishes such a profoundly immunosuppressive disease in the host.

Key Concepts

Measles is a relatively simple enveloped, negative‐sensed RNA virus which contains only six genes.

Measles virus is a highly infectious agent, which causes a profound immunosuppression and a severe disease in susceptible individuals.

The molecular basis of the immunosuppression is unknown.

A highly efficacious vaccine has been developed, although the molecular basis of the attenuation remains an enigma.

It is essential to vaccinate 95% of the birth cohort as the virus is so infectious, and when vaccine uptake levels decrease in disease‐free regions importations from endemic parts of the world often occur. Vaccination refusal is a major factor in recurrent outbreaks in the developed world.

The vaccine is exceptionally thermolabile, and this is challenging for those involved in delivering the product to remote areas of the developing world and in areas where conflict is rife.

Recombinant measles viruses have helped to define the early steps in the establishment of an infection.

Measles has been considered for eradication although the potential for cross‐species infection by other morbilliviruses is considered a reason for continuing to administer measles vaccine even after eradication due to the cross‐protective morbillivirus antibodies which it elicits against the threat of zoonoses by the other morbilliviruses.
Statistics of Brexit
Authors: Farrugia David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Brexit events have caused a great deal of volatility on the GBP/EUR forex index and other financial markets. We examine the performance of the GBP/EUR exchange using various statistical methodologies and carry out an investment risk analysis on this exchange. We also assess the association of UK trading data and the GBP strength. The results show significant effects by Brexit on the forex index and the GBP. Further, we show that all major cryptocurrencies experienced a significant positive effect from most Brexit events.
Nested Group Testing Procedures for Screening
Authors: Malinovsky Yaakov , Albert Paul S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article reviews a class of adaptive group testing procedures that operate under a probabilistic model assumption as follows. Consider a set of items, where item has the probability ( in the generalized group testing) to be defective, and the probability to be nondefective independent of the other items. A group test applied to any subset of size is a binary test with two possible outcomes, positive or negative. The outcome is negative if all items are nondefective, whereas the outcome is positive if at least one item among the items is defective. The goal is complete identification of all items with the minimum expected number of tests.