bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of dual-stream 3D convolutional neural network based on 18F-FDG PET/CT in distinguishing benign and invasive adenocarcinoma in ground-glass lung nodules
Authors: Shao Xiaonan , Niu Rong , Shao Xiaoliang , Gao Jianxiong , Shi Yunmei , Jiang Zhenxing , Wang Yuetao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This work aims to train, validate, and test a dual-stream three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) based on fluorine 18 (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT to distinguish benign lesions and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) in ground-glass nodules (GGNs).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients with suspicious GGNs who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT in our hospital from November 2011 to November 2020. The patients with benign lesions or IAC were selected for this study. According to the ratio of 7:3, the data were randomly divided into training data and testing data. Partial image feature extraction software was used to segment PET and CT images, and the training data after using the data augmentation were used for the training and validation (fivefold cross-validation) of the three CNNs (PET, CT, and PET/CT networks).

Results
A total of 23 benign nodules and 92 IAC nodules from 106 patients were included in this study. In the training set, the performance of PET network (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.92 ± 0.02, 0.97 ± 0.03, and 0.76 ± 0.15) was better than the CT network (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.84 ± 0.03, 0.90 ± 0.07, and 0.62 ± 0.16) (especially accuracy was significant, P-value was 0.001); in the testing set, the performance of both networks declined. However, the accuracy and sensitivity of PET network were still higher than that of CT network (0.76 vs. 0.67; 0.85 vs. 0.70). For dual-stream PET/CT network, its performance was almost the same as PET network in the training set (P-value was 0.372–1.000), while in the testing set, although its performance decreased, the accuracy and sensitivity (0.85 and 0.96) were still higher than both CT and PET networks. Moreover, the accuracy of PET/CT network was higher than two nuclear medicine physicians [physician 1 (3-year experience): 0.70 and physician 2 (10-year experience): 0.73].

Conclusion
The 3D-CNN based on 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used to distinguish benign lesions and IAC in GGNs, and the performance is better when both CT and PET images are used together.
Assessing learning transfer and constraining issues in EAP writing practices
Authors: Wubalem Abebe Yitbarek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate what learners carry over from a general academic writing course to disciplinary writing settings and the variables constraining the quality of the outcome. Seven EFL university writing teachers and 58 students were selected using purposive and stratified sampling techniques. Data were generated using in-depth interview and document analysis. Thematic analysis and non-parametric statistical tools were employed to analyze the data. The findings showed that the students made limited learning transfer from the writing course to their writing settings across academic discourses. While surface level knowledge of grammatical features show better transfer, skills of discourse level writing processes, thinking strategies and vocabulary showed very poor transfer. A number of reasons are identified for the failure of learning transfer in the study setting. Among others, EAP teachers’ failure to bridge the EFL writing and content area writing practice contributed to this problem. The other variable causing this problem is students’ failure to make significant moves to adapt skills of writing processes and thinking strategies to new situations. Based on these evidences, alternative ways of improving the carryover impact of such courses have been put forward.
A decomposition formula for the wall heat flux of a compressible boundary layer
Authors: Sun Dong , Guo Qilong , Yuan Xianxu , Zhang Haoyuan , Li Chen , Liu Pengxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the generation mechanism of the heat flux is essential for the design of hypersonic vehicles. We proposed a novel formula to decompose the heat flux coefficient into the contributions of different terms by integrating the conservative equation of the total energy. The reliability of the formula is well demonstrated by the direct numerical simulation results of a hypersonic transitional boundary layer. Through this formula, the exact process of the energy transport in the boundary layer can be explained and the dominant contributors to the heat flux can be explored, which are beneficial for the prediction of the heat and design of the thermal protection devices.
Predicting the testicular function in non-obstructive azoospermia via targeted gene panel
Authors: Emad Mai , Omar Hossam El-Din , Khalifa Abdel-Razik , Ahmed Emad A. , Taha Emad Abdel Rhim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Men with non-obstructive azoospermia constitute a challenging subgroup of male infertility patients in whom a genetic cause of defective spermatogenesis may be a contributing factor. The aim of this prospective observational cohort study was to determine whether assessment of meiotic nuclear division 1 (MND1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression (MND1/GAPDH) in testicular tissue could be a prognostic indicator for sperm retrieval and ICSI outcome in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. The study participants underwent clinical evaluation, conventional semen analysis, serum follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone assay, scrotal ultrasound examination, microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (mTESE), and assessment of MND1/GAPDH gene expression levels in testicular tissue via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques.

Results
The MND1/GAPDH level was associated with the likelihood of identifying sperm in testicular biopsies (odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.14 to 1.34, p < 0.0001), which was confirmed by the pairwise comparison of high vs. low levels of MND1/GAPDH (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.97 to 13.16, p = 0.0006). The level of FSH was inversely associated with a lower chance of finding sperm (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.65, p = 0.001). Compared with small testicular volume, normal volume was inversely associated with the chance of sperm presence (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.47, p = 0.0002). However, there was no correlation between MND1/GAPDH levels and ICSI outcome.

Conclusion
Gene expression analysis to predict the likelihood of sperm retrieval following mTESE in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia provides a new avenue for future research, diagnosis and treatment of male factor infertility. Before its wider clinical application, however, this proof-of-concept should be tested in a large multinational, multicenter observational study.
Pasteurella multocida capsular: lipopolysaccharide types D:L6 and A:L3 remain to be the main epidemic genotypes of pigs in China
Authors: Liu Songtao , Lin Lin , Yang Hao , Wu Wenqing , Guo Long , Zhang Yue , Wang Fei , Wang Xueying , Song Wenbo , Hua Lin , Liang Wan , Tang Xibiao , Chen Huanchun , Peng Zhong , Wu Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPasteurella multocida is a leading cause of respiratory disorders in pigs. This study was designed to understand the genotypical and antimicrobial resistant characteristics of P. multocida from pigs in China. To achieve this, we briefly investigated 158 P. multocida isolates from pigs with respiratory disorders in China between 2019 and 2020. Genotyping through multiplex PCR assays assigned these 158 isolates into capsular genotypes A (60.13%, 95/158), D (35.44%, 56/158), F (4.43%, 7/158), and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes L3 (28.48%, 45/158) and L6 (66.46%, 105/158). In addition, eight isolates (5.06%, 8/158) were found to be nontypable using the LPS genotyping method. When combining the capsular genotypes and the LPS genotypes, D: L6 (34.81%, 55/158) and A: L6 (31.65%, 50/158) were the predominant genotypes, followed by A: L3 (24.05%, 38/158). PCR detection of virulence factor-encoding genes showed that over 80% of the isolates were positive for exbB, tonB, exbD, ompH, ptfA, fimA, sodA, sodC, fur, ompA, oma87, plpB, hsf-2, nanH and hgbB, suggesting the presence of these genes were broad characteristics of P. multocida. We also found approximately 63.92% (101/158), 51.27% (81/158), 8.86% (14/158), 7.59% (12/158), 3.16% (5/158), 0.63% (1/158), and 0.63% (1/158) of the isolates grew well in media with the presence of colistin (4 μg/mL), tetracycline (16 μg/mL), tigecycline (1 μg/mL), ampicillin (32 μg/mL), chloramphenicol (32 μg/mL), cefepime (16 μg/mL), and ciprofloxacin (1 μg/mL), respectively. This study contributes to the understanding of genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profile of P. multocida currently circulation in pigs of China.
Mental health of unaccompanied children: effects of U.S. immigration policies
Authors: Song Suzan J. 
Published: November 2021

Background
There is an unprecedented surge of forcibly displaced people globally, with a crisis of unaccompanied minors seeking haven across the US border.

Aims
This paper aims to provide an understanding of the intersection between mental health and immigration policies.

Method
Examples of contemporary policies that focus on the deterrence, detention and deportation of unaccompanied minors in the USA, will be discussed, as well as the mental health effects of such ‘iron triangle’ immigration policies.

Results
In the ideal circumstances, systems and policies for migrant children would uphold international humanitarian law, hasten the shift from enforcement to protection, adhere to a ‘do no (further) harm’ model that uses a trauma-informed, culturally responsive approach to engaging with migrant children, engage the community as stakeholders to end detention and advocate to share the burden of responsibility.

Conclusions
Building a humanitarian response that protects both country and migrant interest is possible through commitment and policy change that addresses mental, physical and legal protection needs.
The interplay between memory and potentials of mean force: A discussion on the structure of equations of motion for coarse-grained observables
Authors: Glatzel Fabian , Schilling Tanja 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The underdamped, non-linear, generalized Langevin equation is widely used to model coarse-grained dynamics of soft and biological materials. By means of a projection operator formalism, we show under which approximations this equation can be obtained from the dynamics of the underlying microscopic system and in which cases it makes sense to introduce a potential of mean force. We discuss shortcomings of previous derivations presented in the literature and demonstrate the implications of our derivation for the structure of memory terms and for generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations. We show, in particular, that the widely used, simple structure which contains a potential of mean force, a memory term which is linear in the observable, and a fluctuating force which is related to the memory term by a fluctuation-dissipation relation, is neither exact nor can it, in general, be derived as a controlled approximation to the exact dynamics.
Prolonged Islet Allograft Function is Associated With Female Sex in Patients After Islet Transplantation
Authors: Lemos Joana R N , Baidal David A , Poggioli Raffaella , Fuenmayor Virginia , Chavez Carmen , Alvarez Ana , Linetsky Elina , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck , Ricordi Camillo , Alejandro Rodolfo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Islet transplantation (ITx) has proved to be effective in preventing severe hypoglycemia and improving metabolic control in selected subjects with type 1 diabetes. Long-term graft function remains a challenge. Estrogens have been shown to protect β cells from metabolic stresses and improve revascularization of transplanted human islets in the mouse. We aimed to evaluate the influence of sex in allograft survival of ITx recipients.

Methods
We analyzed a retrospective cohort of ITx recipients (n = 56) followed-up for up to 20 years. Allograft failure was defined as a stimulated C-peptide &lt;0.3 ng/mL during a mixed-meal tolerance test. Subjects were divided into recipients of at least 1 female donor (group 1) and recipients of male donors only (group 2).

Results
Group 1 subjects (n = 25) were aged 41.5 ± 8.4 years and group 2 subjects (n = 22) 45.9 ± 7.3 years (P = 0.062). Female recipient frequency was 44.8% (n = 13) in group 1 and 55.2% (n = 16) in group 2 (P = 0.145). Group 2 developed graft failure earlier than group 1 (680 [286-1624] vs 1906 [756-3256] days, P = 0.038). We performed additional analyses on female recipients only from each group (group 1, n = 16; group 2, n = 20). Female recipients in group 1 exhibited prolonged allograft function compared with group 2, after adjustment for confounders (odds ratio, 28.6; 95% CI, 1.3-619.1; P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Recipients of islets from at least 1 female donor exhibited prolonged graft survival compared with recipients of islets from exclusively male donors. In addition, female recipients exhibited prolonged survival compared with male recipients following ITx of at least 1 female donor.
Case Report: Pediatric pharmacobezoar with subacute intestinal obstruction
Authors: Hakeem Mahnaz , Lohana Heeramani , Urooj Sarwat , Ahmed Sheraz 
Published: November 2021

Bezoars are an undigested mass causing an intraluminal obstruction in children. Pharmacobezoars are formed from medicines or their vehicle, considered as a less frequent type observed in children. Our objective is to report a relatively rare entity as a potential cause of intestinal obstruction in children. Here we report a case of 13-year-old girl with a history of herbal medicine intake who presented with persistent vomiting and abdominal distension. She was diagnosed with acute intestinal obstruction and managed conservatively without any complications. The patient became stable within two days so was discharged home. We found that ineffective history could lead to a delay in diagnosis and management. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for pica and psychiatric disorders, especially in adolescent children.
SARS-CoV-2 and the role of orofecal transmission: a systematic review
Authors: Heneghan Carl J. , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Brassey Jon , Plüddemann Annette , Onakpoya Igho J. , Evans David H. , Conly John M. , Jefferson Tom 
Published: November 2021

Background: Modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are of key public health importance. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the feces of some COVID-19 patients, suggesting the possibility that the virus could, in addition to droplet and fomite transmission, be transmitted via the orofecal route. Methods: This review is part of an Open Evidence Review on Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19. We conduct ongoing searches using WHO COVID-19 Database, LitCovid, medRxiv, and Google Scholar; assess study quality based on five criteria and report important findings. Where necessary, authors are contacted for further details on the content of their articles. Results: We include searches up until 20 December 2020. We included 110 relevant studies: 76 primary observational studies or reports, and 35 reviews (one cohort study also included a review) examining the potential role of orofecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Of the observational studies, 37 were done in China. A total of 48 studies (n=9,081 patients) reported single cases, case series or cohort data on individuals with COVID-19 diagnosis or their contacts and 46 (96%) detected binary RT-PCR with 535 out of 1358 samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 (average 39.4%). The results suggest a long duration of fecal shedding, often recorded after respiratory samples tested negative, and symptoms of gastrointestinal disease were reported in several studies. Twenty-nine studies reported finding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater, river water or toilet areas. Six studies attempted viral culture from COVID-19 patients’ fecal samples: culture was successful in 3 of 6 studies, and one study demonstrated invasion of the virus into intestinal epithelial cells. Conclusions: Varied observational and mechanistic evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 can infect and be shed from the gastrointestinal tract, including some data demonstrating viral culture in fecal samples. To fully assess these risks, quantitative data on infectious virus in these settings and infectious dose are needed.
Clinical Case of Treatment of Stage IV Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Strikanova I. , Gumeneckaja Ju. , Dzhabrailova S. , Makarova K. , Kireeva T. 
Published: November 2021

In 2018 in Russian Federation more than 500 thousand new cases of cancer were found, including 8000 cases with malignant tumors of esophagus and more than 30 % of patients have the IV stage.
Esophageal cancer takes the 6-th place in death causes connected to cancer in the world and it is still one of the main global problems in medical care. Oncologists face the problem of the most difficult choice in treatment tactics for spread stages of disease. In this situation it is recommended to provide combined treatment (surgery, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy).
Definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (without surgery) is used for patients with unrespectable esophageal tumor.
In this article we present clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with metastatic esophageal cancer. The patient got chemoradiotherapy in 2017 and after control checkup in November 2019 remission was registered. After provided treatment stopping of pain syndrome and dysphagia, food passage through esophagus was restored. The patient notes good life quality, he is physically active and socially adapted.
Incidence of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Cohort of Mayak Workers
Authors: Bannikova M. , Azizova T. 
Published: November 2021

Results: To estimate incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma (BSC) following chronic occupational radiation exposure.
Conclusion:The study cohort included 22,377 workers (25.4 % of females) of the nuclear production facility, Mayak Production Association (PA), who had been hired in 1948–1982. Gamma doses of external exposure were provided by the Mayak Workers Dosimetry System – 2013 (MWDS–2013). The cohort was followed up until 31.12.2018.
Results: By the end of the follow-up period 293 BSC cases were registered in the study cohort. BSC incidence rates significantly increased with increasing attained age of workers. The highest BSC incidence rate was observed in the age group above 70 years, both for males and females. The study found a significant increasing linear trend for standardized incidence rates for both males and females; approximation confidence factors were R2 = 0.82 and R2 = 0.95, respectively. The majority of BSC cases in the study cohort were registered in 1994–2018 (71.12 % in males and 81.13 % in females). The component analysis demonstrated that the absolute growth in the BSC incidence rate in both males and females was due to changes in the age structure of the study population and the risk of the disease.
Conclussion: BSC incidence rates were significantly higher in males externally exposed to gamma rays at cumulative skin absorbed doses 0.2–0.5 Gy, 0.5–1.0 Gy and above 1.0 Gy compared to those exposed at doses below 0.1 Gy. In females the corresponding differences were non-significant.
New Venture Creation: A Drift-Variance Diffusion Control Model
Authors: Wang Zhengli , Zenios Stefanos 
Published: November 2021

A Model for New Venture Creation New ventures go through multiple stages: In the early stage, there is a business concept and preliminary evidence supporting the concept. In later stages, there are revenues and sales. In each stage, there are usually milestones for the venture to meet in order for investors to provide additional funding. Otherwise, the venture is abandoned. The entrepreneur can engage in a set of costly activities that aim to create value and reach the appropriate milestones. In “New Venture Creation: A Drift-Variance Diffusion Control Model,” Wang and Zenios develop a framework for new venture creation. The authors provide theoretical guidance on the optimal policy, which is relatively simple to describe. Their analysis reveals a trade-off between how costly an activity is and how much upside potential the activity generates, and their result shows how a new venture creator can manage that trade-off.
Collagen supplements: trend or truth for the treatment of ageing skin in menopausal women?
Authors: Arias Laurie 
Published: November 2021

In recent years, collagen drinks have become a popular supplement, which has been stimulating the appetites of collagen-conscious patients, due to their perceived health and beauty benefits. These beauty supplements are frequently promoted on social media and endorsed by celebrities for their glowing skin and the wrinkle-reducing results. With collagen shots, powders, capsules, gels, gummy sweets, chocolates and coffee creamers filling shop shelves and advertised on social media channels, it may be challenging to avoid being swayed by all the hype. This article aims to help us explore the science behind the hype and if collagen supplements are safe and effective to take and why.
Polarization-fading suppression of Φ-OTDR with Rayleigh gray-scale
pattern aggregation method
Authors: Wang Yu , Xiao Lin , Li Yan , Liang Bin , Liu Xin , Bai Qing , Zhang Hongjuan , Gao Yan , Jin Baoquan 
Published: November 2021

Polarization diversity reception is a widely used method to suppress polarization
fading of

Φ

-optical time domain reflectometer (

Φ

-OTDR). However, the traditional
polarization diversity reception method with multichannel
point-to-point signal aggregation causes the discontinuity of the
aggregated signal, which affects the subsequent application. In order
to decrease the discontinuity of the aggregation signal, an
area-to-area signal aggregation method with a Rayleigh gray-scale
pattern is proposed. First, the Rayleigh pattern is simulated to
verify the large-scale continuity of fading areas. Then, an
image-processing method by Rayleigh gray-scale pattern is carried out
for the automatic judgment of large-scale fading areas, which includes
the operations of normalization, graying, comparison of amplitude
threshold using the Otsu algorithm, erosion, and dilation. The
experimental results indicate that multichannel area-to-area signal
aggregation can reduce the average fading ratio from 6.58% to 2.10%
and also realize the signal demodulation with an SNR of 15.83 dB of
positioning curve. This aggregation method provides an effective
scheme for the polarization-fading suppression for

Φ

-OTDR.
Fiber-optic vector magnetic field sensor based on a magnetic-fluid-infiltrated large-core-offset Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Zhang Junying , Tian Chen , Guo Zilong , Zhang Xiongxing , Chen Haibin , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2021

A fiber-optic vector magnetic field sensor based on a large-core-offset Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) infiltrated by magnetic fluid (MF) is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. By large-core-offset fusion splicing of a short single-mode fiber (SMF) between a lead-in SMF and a coupling multi-mode fiber, the MZI with a sub-millimeter length is formed, which is then sealed in an MF-infiltrated glass capillary. Through the MF’s refractive index modulation by external magnetic field, the phase of the light passing through the MZI is altered. As a result, the transmission spectrum can be monitored for the magnetic field measurement. Furthermore, from the axial-asymmetry of the large-core-offset MZI structure, the proposed sensor possesses vectorial magnetic-field-sensing ability. Experiments show that the MF-infiltrated large-core-offset MZI vector magnetic-field sensor can achieve a high wavelength sensitivity of 96.68 pm/Oe in a magnetic field range of 50–130 Oe.