bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant lenvatinib for inoperable thyroid cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Alshehri Khalid , Alqurashi Yousuf , Merdad Mazin , Samargandy Shaza , Daghistani Razan , Marzouki Hani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPoorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is now classified as a separate thyroid tumor entity. It has male predominance and poor prognosis compared to differentiated TC.CaseWe report a case of a patient with PDTC who was previously deemed inoperable. A trial of neoadjuvant lenvatinib therapy was given to the patient after that the tumor become operable and the surgery went successfully.ConclusionsLenvatinib is a feasible option in patients with inoperable TC and can stabilize the lesion size or even reduce it, leading to a more favorable surgical outcome.
Evaluating the therapeutic effect of lenvatinib against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma by measuring blood flow changes using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Kamachi Naoki , Nakano Masahito , Okamura Shusuke , Niizeki Takashi , Iwamoto Hideki , Shimose Shigeo , Shirono Tomotake , Noda Yu , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Koga Hironori , Torimura Takuji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe antitumor effect of a drug is considered to be associated with a decrease in tumor blood flow.AimsWe investigated whether the efficacy of lenvatinib (LEN) could be accurately assessed by measuring blood flow in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during early treatment stages.Methods and resultsBlood flow changes and treatment results of 19 patients who underwent contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), before and after LEN administration, in Kurume University Hospital from July 2018 to June 2020 were examined. Blood flow was evaluated after the intravenous administration of perflubutane (0.015 ml/kg). The vascular phase was photographed and used as RAW data, and time‐intensity curve analysis was used to obtain the region of interest (ROI) on the entire tumor nodule and quantify tumor blood flow. The evaluation was performed before and 1 and 4 weeks after LEN administration. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) values of the brightness of blood flow in the background liver before and 1 and 4 weeks after LEN administration were 2.84 × 10−4 ± 2.94 × 10−4, 3.07 × 10−4 ± 3.79 × 10−4, and 10.0 × 10−4 ± 20.8 × 10−4 dB, respectively. Blood flow in the background liver did not significantly decrease at 1 and 4 weeks compared with that before treatment. Mean ± SD values of the brightness of blood flow in HCC before and 1 and 4 weeks after administration were 3.49 × 10−3 ± 4.58 × 10−3, 1.16 × 10−3 ± 1.57 × 10−3, and 6.39 × 10−3 ± 22.8 × 10−3 dB, respectively. Blood flow in HCC after 1 week was significantly lower than that before administration (p = .0192). The therapeutic effects were significantly higher in the group with ≥50% blood flow reduction in HCC at 1 week after administration (p = .0038) and the group with reduced blood flow in HCC at 4 weeks after administration (p = .0051) than those before administration.ConclusionEarly blood flow evaluation by CEUS may be useful in predicting the therapeutic effect of LEN for unresectable advanced HCC.
Bioequivalence of 2 Aripiprazole Orally Disintegrating Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Xiang Jin , Xu Nan , Wang Xueyan , LI Songfan , Yu Qin , Liang Maozhi , Nan Feng , Shu Shiqing , Yan Rui , Zhu Yuqi , Liao Linchuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo assess the bioequivalence of 2 formulations of aripiprazole orally disintegrating tablets and to monitor their safety and tolerability in Chinese subjects, a single‐site, open‐label, randomized, 2‐preparation, single‐dose, 2‐period crossover design was conducted. All 60 subjects were randomly divided into the fasting group and the fed group. Blood samples were collected at scheduled times after a single oral dose of orodispersible tablets containing 10 mg of aripiprazole. In the fasting state, the geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) of the test/reference formulation were 92.22%‐100.20% for the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measured concentration (AUC0‐t), 91.73%‐100.14% for the AUC from administration to infinite time (AUC0‐∞), and 98.52%‐112.52% for the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). In the fed state, AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞, and Cmax were 92.23%‐100.20%, 91.73%‐100.14%, and 95.91%‐105.13%, respectively. The 90%CIs of the test/reference AUC ratio and Cmax ratio were within the acceptance range of 80.00%‐125.00% for bioequivalence. Neither the maximum peak plasma concentration (tmax) nor the terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2) showed any significant difference. No serious adverse events) were encountered during the study. The test and reference formulations were bioequivalent under both fasting and fed conditions and were found to be safe and tolerated.
Cloud‐assisted Parkinson disease identification system for remote patient monitoring and diagnosis in the smart healthcare applications
Authors: Harimoorthy Karthikeyan , Thangavelu Menakadevi 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe development of a cloud‐based Parkinson's disease identification system is identified as one of the most challenging issues for predictive telediagnosis and telemonitoring in the emerging smart healthcare applications. The traditional way of Parkinson's disease identification by clinical parameters is more costly and uncomfortable for rural people to avail the testing and diagnosis from the remote place. So, the cloud‐assisted Parkinson's disease identification system (CAPDIS) is proposed based on non‐clinical parameters with patient‐centric and cost‐effective features for helping the poor patients living in rural as well as urban areas. In addition, the proposed system diagnoses the remote patient by examining the symptoms like dysphonia which is identified as the most severe neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Further, the proposed system has experimented with the benchmark voice dataset collected from the University of California‐Irvine (UCI) repository. It shows that the proposed CAPDIS system with adaptive linear kernel support vector machines (k‐SVM) classifier has significant improvements on detection accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and Matthews's correlation coefficient scores while comparing to the existing classifiers. Therefore, the proposed adaptive linear k‐SVM classifiers provide 10% improvements on prediction accuracy and F1‐Score over the existing polynomial, radial basis, and sigmoidal‐based k‐SVM classifiers.
Elastic deployment of container clusters across geographically distributed cloud data centers for web applications
Authors: Aldwyan Yasser , Sinnott Richard O. , Jayaputera Glenn T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContainers such as Docker provide a lightweight virtualization technology. They have gained popularity in developing, deploying and managing applications in and across Cloud platforms. Container management and orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes run application containers in virtual clusters that abstract the overheads in managing the underlying infrastructures to simplify the deployment of container solutions. These platforms are well suited for modern web applications that can give rise to geographic fluctuations in use based on the location of users. Such fluctuations often require dynamic global deployment solutions. A key issue is to decide how to adapt the number and placement of clusters to maintain performance, whilst incurring minimum operating and adaptation costs. Manual decisions are naive and can give rise to: over‐provisioning and hence cost issues; improper placement and performance issues, and/or unnecessary relocations resulting in adaptation issues. Elastic deployment solutions are essential to support automated and intelligent adaptation of container clusters in geographically distributed Clouds. In this article, we propose an approach that continuously makes elastic deployment plans aimed at optimizing cost and performance, even during adaptation processes, to meet service level objectives (SLOs) at lower costs. Meta‐heuristics are used for cluster placement and adjustment. We conduct experiments on the Australia‐wide National eResearch Collaboration Tools and Resources Research Cloud using Docker and Kubernetes. Results show that with only a 0.5 ms sacrifice in SLO for the 95th percentile of response times we are able to achieve up to 44.44% improvement (reduction) in cost compared to a naive over‐provisioning deployment approach.
Grammar guided embedding based Chinese long text sentiment classification
Authors: Zhang Chaoli , Lin Dazhen , Cao Donglin , Li Shaozi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the state‐of‐the‐art sentiment classification approaches, such as LSTM and TextCNN, have achieved a good performance on Chinese short text sentiment analysis, the Chinese long text sentiment classification is still a challenge because of the sentiment change problem and the long text structure problem. Therefore, we propose a grammar guided embedding model (GGE) and a novel Chinese long text sentiment classification framework. First, the part‐of‐speech (POS) tags are introduced as the Chinese long text grammar guided information which can help classification approaches to model the Chinese long text structure and the important structure of sentiment change. Second, we proposed a simple GGE training method which considers the combination representation of word sequence and POS sequence. Finally, we proposed a unified framework which combines our novel GGE with TextCNN. Experiment results show that after using GGE, the model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art approaches. At the same time, we also found that the GGE achieves the model converge faster, that is, it can achieve better results than without GGE when there is only a small amount of training data. Thus, we believe that the GGE can help machines better understand human language sentiment expression structure.
Efficient Derivation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Stably Expressing Direct Reprogramming Factors
Authors: Song Saera , Ashok Archana , Williams Damian , Kaufman Maria , Duff Karen , Sproul Andrew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is essential to generate isolated populations of human neuronal subtypes in order to understand cell‐type‐specific roles in brain function and susceptibility to disease pathology. Here we describe a protocol for in‐parallel generation of cortical glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by using the neurogenic transcription factors Ngn2 and a combination of Ascl1 and Dlx2, respectively. In contrast to the majority of neural transdifferentiation protocols that use transient lentiviral infection, the use of stable hPSC lines carrying doxycycline‐inducible transcription factors allows neuronal differentiation to be initiated by addition of doxycycline and neural medium. This article presents a method to generate lentivirus from cultured mammalian cells and establish stable transcription factor–expressing cell lines (Basic Protocol 1), followed by a method for monolayer excitatory and inhibitory neuronal differentiation from the established lines (Basic Protocol 2). The resulting neurons reproducibly exhibit properties consistent with human cortical neurons, including the expected morphologies, expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes, and functional properties. Our approach enables the scalable and rapid production of human neurons suitable for modeling human brain diseases in a subtype‐specific manner and examination of differential cellular vulnerability. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Lentivirus production and generation of stable hPSC linesSupport Protocol 1: Expansion and maintenance of hPSCsBasic Protocol 2: Differentiation of EX‐ and IN‐neuronsSupport Protocol 2: Experimental methods for validation of EX‐ and IN‐neurons
Enrichment Protocol for Rat Models
Authors: Ismail Teh Rasyidah , Yap Christina Gertrude , Naidu Rakesh , Pamidi Narendra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn environmental enrichment (EE) cage consisting of a broad living area and various stimulators triggers social, cognitive, and physical activities. EE has been utilized in a wide range of neurological and non‐neurological studies. However, the details of the environmental enrichment protocol were not well described in these studies. This has resulted in uncertainty and inconsistency in methodology, which may thus fail to replicate environmental enrichment effects, influencing the study outcome. Here we describe the basic guidelines and present an easy‐to‐follow protocol for environmental enrichment in rat models. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Environmental enrichment housing
Immunoprecipitation Strategies to Isolate RIPK1/RIPK3 Complexes in Mouse Macrophages
Authors: Siokas Ioannis , Zhang Dingqiang , Poltorak Alexander , Muendlein Hayley , Degterev Alexei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA large protein complex, containing RIPK1, RIPK3, and caspase‐8 and known as Complex II, has emerged as one of the key mediators of cell death downstream from a range of innate immune triggers. This regulatory mechanism plays a prominent role in macrophages, where Complex II has been linked to apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis as well as the enhancement of inflammatory gene expression. Although core components of this complex are fairly well understood, more subtle proteomic changes that determine the direction of a response once the complex is assembled remain much less clear. In addition, Complex II components undergo a wealth of post‐translational changes that modify the functions of the complex components. This necessitates development of robust and efficient methods of isolating Complex II for further interrogation of its composition and the post‐translational modifications of its components. This article describes several methods that we have developed for Complex II isolation, which can be used to obtain complementary information about this signaling mechanism. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of Complex II in necroptotic and pyroptotic macrophages using FADD immunoprecipitationBasic Protocol 2: Isolation of the complexes formed by the conditionally expressed 3XFLAG‐RIPK1 proteinAlternate Protocol: Alternative methods of immunoprecipitation of RIPK1 and other Complex‐II‐related factorsSupport Protocol: Generation of stable macrophage cell lines using lentiviral expressionBasic Protocol 3: Use of proximity labeling to identify necrosome components in the detergent‐insoluble fraction of the cell lysates
Effects of nitrogen deep placement coupled with straw incorporation on grain quality and root traits from paddy fields
Authors: Li Lin , Li Qiankun , Lin Zhihuan , Zhang Zheng , Tian Hua , Ashraf Umair , Alhaj Hamoud Yousef , Duan Meiyang , Tang Xiangru , Pan Shenggang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of deep application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and straw incorporation on grain yield and quality, nutrient accumulation, and root morphological and physiological traits in both rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars during 2019 and 2020. The experimental treatments were comprised of deep N fertilization with (DF+S) and without straw incorporation (DF) as well as broadcasting fertilization with (BF+S) and without straw return (BF). No fertilizer and no straw return treatment were taken as control. Results depicted that the DF+S and DF treatment significantly increased the grain yield by 46.4 and 42.2%, respectively, compared with BF. The DF+S also significantly increased total N accumulation by 37.9 and 44.0%, total phosphorus accumulation by 39.3 and 41.7%, total potassium accumulation by 63.6 and 73.3% for the cultivars Yuxiangyouzahn (YXYZ) and Wufengyou615 at maturity, respectively, compared with BF. Moreover, nutrient accumulation and grain yield of BF+S were slightly higher than BF. Straw incorporation resulted in better total root volume and total root length than no straw incorporation treatments in YXYZ, regardless of fertilizer application method. Root morphology traits are positively associated with other positive traits such as yield or nutrient uptake. The DF+S treatment also significantly increased the milled rice rate and remarkably reduced the chalkiness degree for both rice cultivars, compared to BF treatment. Overall, DF+S is recognized as the optimal method to improve rice productivity and quality with better nutrient acquisition.
Porphyrin Acceptors with Two Perylene Diimide Dimers for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Pan Xiaojie , Wu Jifa , Xiao Liangang , Yap Boonkar , Xia Ruidong , Peng Xiaobin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree small‐molecule acceptors (Por‐PDI, TEHPor‐PDI, and BBOPor‐PDI) with different side chains were synthesized by using a porphyrin core as the electron‐donating unit and connecting electron‐withdrawing perylene diimide dimers via acetylene bridges. The bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on the three acceptors and a polymer donor provided power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.68–5.21 % when the active layers were fabricated with pyridine additives. Though the synthesis of Por‐PDI is easier with fewer reaction steps and higher yields, the devices based on Por‐PDI showed the best performance with a PCE of 5.21 %. The more ordered intermolecular packing due to the reduced steric hindrance at the porphyrin core of Por‐PDI could contribute to the more balanced hole/electron mobilities, higher maximum charge generation rate, and less bimolecular recombination in Por‐PDI devices, which are beneficial for the higher PCE.
Circularly polarized dielectric resonator‐based multiple input multiple output antenna with pattern and polarization diversity for vehicular applications
Authors: Srivastava Komal , Dwivedi Ajay Kumar , Sharma Anand 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this article, a modified layout of cylindrical dielectric material‐based, resonator‐type multiple input multiple output antenna (MIMO) is presented. The beam tilting feature is achieved by using a conducting plate placed in the mid of two antenna elements. Dual frequency‐band operation, that is, 2.4–4.02 and 4.78–6.21 GHz is obtained by sourcing the ring DRA electromagnetically with asymmetric S‐shaped aperture via microstrip line. Dual CP waves are supported by the designed antenna within the operating frequency band, that is, 2.84–2.95 and 5.63–5.66 GHz. The two ports are placed in parallel. Some salient features of the designed antenna are (i) pattern diversity (θ = ±30° in XZ plane) is obtained between two parallel placed ports by applying conducting plate; (ii) polarization diversity is obtained by simply taking a mirror image of the proposed aperture. The most favorable value of diversity parameters of the suggested DR‐based MIMO antenna makes it satisfactory for smart transport and vehicular communication applications in the sub‐6‐GHz range.
SERDP: Signature‐based and energy‐efficient relay discovery protocol for Internet of Things in cellular networks
Authors: Çavdar Tuğrul , Kakız Muhammet Talha , Günay Faruk Baturalp , Ebrahimpour Nader 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWith the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT), a large number of devices are expected to connect to the Internet over different networks due to various demands and characteristics of IoT devices (IoTDs). One of the networks that will connect IoTDs to the Internet is cellular networks. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) proposes a connectivity model for cellular networks in which IoTDs connect to the network via relay devices. In this model, discovering the relay devices is a challenging task due to energy budget constraints, mobility of devices, and collision of discovery messages. Since IoTDs are constrained devices, it is important that they perform discovery with the minimum energy consumption by intermittently sleeping and waking up. In this paper, we propose signature‐based and energy‐efficient relay discovery protocol (SERDP) using Zadoff–Chu sequences. Since Zadoff–Chu is a Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence, we use the sequence for pointing the active slots of the devices within the proposed three‐stage original period structure. The probabilistic analysis and simulation results show that SERDP discovers more devices with less energy consumption as well as preventing collisions, as compared with the existing protocols.
Eating disorders treatment experiences and social support: Perspectives from service seekers in mainland China
Authors: Ma Ruofan , Zhang Manning , Oakman Jonathan M. , Wang Jiping , Zhu Siqi , Zhao Chendi , Hu Zhiyuan , Buchanan NiCole T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored treatment experiences and social support among individuals with eating disorders (EDs) in mainland China.MethodSubscribers of a Chinese online social media platform (WeChat) focused on EDs were invited to complete a screening questionnaire that included the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale for the DSM‐5. Of the 116 questionnaire responses, 31 met inclusion criteria for follow‐up interviews. Individuals who never sought treatment were not eligible for follow‐up interviews, but provided brief explanations about why they did not seek treatment. All eligible participants (n = 31) completed a semi‐structured interview about their experiences with ED treatment and social support. Qualitative data from the interviews and survey responses regarding not seeking treatment were subjected to inductive data‐driven thematic analysis with deductive coding to illuminate treatment and social support experiences or reasons for not seeking treatment.ResultsThemes emerged from interviews revealed positive inpatient treatment experiences for anorexia nervosa, but negative outpatient treatment experiences, unaffordable care, and ineffective psychopharmacological treatments. Parents, friends, and partners were sources of social support, but participants largely felt misunderstood or blamed by these same entities. Shame, not recognizing ED as an illness, and financial constraints were listed as the primary reasons for not seeking treatment.DiscussionThe importance of hearing patients' perspectives, improving ED literacy in China, increasing knowledge of culturally specific manifestations of EDs, and developing culturally responsive services and dissemination of treatment resources are emphasized.