bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
25 Years of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: A Flexible and Stretchable Perspective
Authors: Schlingman Kory , Chen Yiting , Carmichael R. Stephen , Carmichael Tricia Breen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLight‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are simple electroluminescent devices comprising an emissive material containing mobile ions sandwiched between two electrodes. The operating mechanism of the LEC involves both ionic and electronic transport, distinguishing it from its more well‐known cousin, the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). While OLEDs have become a leading player in commercial displays, LECs have flourished in academic research due to the simple device architecture and unique features of its operating mechanism, inviting exploration of new materials and fabrication strategies. These explorations have brought LECs to an exciting frontier in advanced optoelectronics: flexible and stretchable light‐emitting devices. Flexible and stretchable LECs are discussed herein, presenting the LEC system as a robust and fault‐tolerant development platform. The engineering of emissive composites is highlighted to control mechanical properties, and how the tolerance of LECs to electrode work function and roughness has enabled the incorporation of new electrode materials to achieve flexibility and stretchability. As part of this story, the solution processability of LECs has led to exciting demonstrations of flexible and printed LECs. An outlook is provided for LECs that builds on these strengths, potentially leading to flexible, stretchable, low‐cost devices such as illuminated tags, smart packaging, flexible signage, and wearable illumination.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Stetter Reaction to Access Dibenzo‐fused Seven‐membered Heterocycles
Authors: Yadav Sanjay , Suresh Surisetti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we have delineated an NHC‐catalyzed transformation to access dibenzo‐fused seven‐membered heterocyclic compounds via intramolecular Stetter reaction under ambient conditions. A range of dibenzo[b,f]oxepine and dibenzo[b,f]thiepine derivatives have been generated in very good to excellent yields. The 1,4‐dicarbonyl functionality of a representative derivative has undergone further heterocyclization via Paal‐Knorr reaction.
Iridium Catalysed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reaction of Indolizine Derivatives
Authors: Lu Jiamin , Wang Meifang , Xu Ruigang , Sun Haizhou , Zheng Xuan , Zhong Guofu , Zeng Xiaofei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA highly efficient direct asymmetric allylic substitution (AAS) reaction of indolizine derivatives with allylic alcohols for accessing enantioenriched indolizine derivatives was realized by combining a chiral iridium complex catalyst with Lewis acid under mild reaction conditions, delivering various chiral allylation products in remarkably high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. This protocol distinguishes itself by availability of the starting materials, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, high yields, excellent selectivity and easy scale‐up in a stereoselective manner, which provides a highly efficient protocol for chiral indolizines.
Urushiol titanium polymer‐based composites coatings for anti‐corrosion and antifouling in marine spray splash zones
Authors: Yang Ke , Chen Jipeng , Zheng Lu , Zheng Binbin , Chen Yuxiu , Chen Xiangyang , Bai Weibin , Jian Rongkun , Wei Fangfang , Xu Yanlian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeawater is highly corrosive, and the alternating dry and wet environment can cause severe corrosion in metal equipment. Moreover, marine equipment is also seriously affected by marine biofouling. These harsh conditions pose a serious threat to the integrity of marine equipment as well as their associated maritime activities and necessitate the development of effective coatings to minimize damage to the equipment. Urushiol titanium polymer/acrylic resin (UTP/AR) composite materials were developed. Then, marine anti‐corrosion and antifouling coatings were prepared from the UTP/AR composite materials using rosin‐modified Cu2O as an antifoulant. The composite coating with a UTP:AR mass ratio of 1:1 (UTP/AR3) showed the best chemical resistance and light aging resistance. UTP/AR3 also exhibited a good corrosion current density (2.009 × 10−7 A cm−2) and corrosion potential (−0.5007 V), further indicating that the UTP/AR composite coatings have excellent anti‐corrosive properties. Marine field tests showed that the UTP/AR/Cu2O composite coatings with rosin‐modified Cu2O contents less than 20% showed stable, long‐term antifouling performance after immersion in seawater for 360 day. Briefly, the UTP/AR/Cu2O composite coatings have broad application prospects in the marine industry for materials in the spray splash zone.
Aprotic Amine‐modified Manganese Dioxide Catalysts for Selectivity‐tunable Oxidation of Amines
Authors: Hao Qianqian , Jia Xiuquan , Ma Jiping , Gao Mingxia , Fan Xiaomeng , Gao Jin , Xu Jie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic modifiers have shown promising potential for regulating the activity and selectivity of heterogeneous catalysts via tuning their surface properties. Despite the increasing application of organic modification technique in regulating the redox‐acid catalysis of metal oxides, control of the acidity of metal oxide catalysts for enhanced reaction selectivity without sacrificing their redox activity remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we show the successful control of redox‐acid catalysis of metal oxides with aprotic tertiary amine modifiers. Robust modification of manganese dioxide catalysts with N,N‐dialkylcyclohexylamine selectively blocks the Lewis acid sites, with their redox activity mostly unaffected. This enables efficient synthesis of imines in high to excellent selectivity via aerobic oxidation of structurally diverse aryl amines.
Genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy for acute coronary syndrome percutaneous coronary intervention patients: A new standard of care?
Authors: Ashley Kellan E. , Hillegass William B. 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, ischemic and bleeding outcomes at 1 year can be meaningfully improved with genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy (GGT).
At the population level, GGT appears cost‐effective and perhaps cost‐saving in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients only when initiated during the index ACS hospitalization.
At the individual patient level, practical clinical and economic factors undercut the feasibility of GGT becoming a new standard of care.
Paravalvular leak after TAVR: remarkable improvement but not the time to shift focus
Authors: Mahtta Dhruv , Jneid Hani 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
Significant paravalvular leak (PVL) among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) portends a poor prognosis and is often associated with increased mortality.
TAVR with the latest generation balloon‐expandable valve platform, Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra, is associated with lower incidence of PVL (including lower rates of mild PVL and zero incidence of moderate and severe PVL) compared to its predecessor, the SAPIEN 3 valve platform.
The similar safety profile, comparable deliverability, and lower PVL observed with the Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra system will likely lead to its increased adoption in clinical practice. Future studies are needed to examine its long‐term clinical outcomes and further decipher the procedural and patient factors associated with PVL.
Genetic robust kernel sample selection for chemometric data analysis
Authors: Douak Fouzi , Ghoggali Noureddine , Hedjam Rachid , Mekhalfi Mohamed Lamine , Benoudjit Nabil , Melgani Farid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we propose a new algorithm to improve existing techniques used in the field of spectroscopic data regression analysis. In particular, it combines the power of nonlinear kernel regressors (kernel ridge regression [KRR], kernel principal component regression [KPCR], and Gaussian process regression [GPR]) with an optimization based on nondominated sorting multi‐objective genetic algorithm (NSGAII) to filter the residual outliers in the prediction space and leverage points in the features space. The proposed algorithm, contrary to most existing robust algorithms, simultaneously optimizes many complementary objectives for an automatic adaptation and thus a better outliers detection. It is well known that the elimination of outliers greatly improves the regression model. It is thus the aim of this work to develop a new robust regression algorithm. It has been applied on five different datasets, and the results are compared to both classical nonlinear regression methods and the commonly used robust regression methods robust continuum regression (RCR), partial robust M‐regression (PRM), robust principal component regression (RPCR), robust PLSR (RSIMPLS), and locally weighted regression (LWR). They show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the classical nonlinear regression methods and is a promising competitor to the robust methods outperforming most of them. Even though the results obtained are only from five datasets, this algorithm can be considered an interesting contribution for improving data analysis in the field of chemometrics.
Interactive video experiments – from the idea to the design
Authors: Graulich Nicole , Groos Lukas , Maaß Kai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDigitales Experimentieren gewinnt aktuell immer mehr an Bedeutung. Nicht nur durch die aktuelle Pandemie, sondern auch um Studierenden eine mögliche Teilhabe an Laborpraktika zu ermöglichen, die ihnen aufgrund von anderen Einschränkungen zeitweise verwehrt ist. Häufig wird als Ersatz ein Experiment im Vorfeld gefilmt und den Lernenden zur Verfügung gestellt. Dies sorgt für einen Rollenwechsel vom Akteur zum passiven Zuschauer. Um den Lernenden die Möglichkeit zu geben, die experimentellen Schritte selbst zu bestimmen und auch Fehler zu machen, haben wir interaktive Videoexperimente entwickelt und im Laborpraktikum für das Nebenfach Chemie erprobt.
Evaluation of the Potential Effect of Iptakalim Hydrochloride on the QT Interval in Single‐ and Multiple‐Ascending‐Dose Studies Using Concentration‐QTc Analysis
Authors: Bai Nan , Wang Jin , Che Haoyue , Wang Hai , Wang Rui , Cai Yun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCardiotoxicity has been one of the most common causes of withdrawal of drugs from the market, and prolongation of the QT interval is one of the manifestations of drug cardiotoxicity. Iptakalim hydrochloride (ITKL) is a selective ATP‐sensitive potassium channel opener used to treat hypertension. It is crucial to assess the risk of cardiac repolarization of ITKL in clinical trials. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ITKL on corrected QT (QTc) interval. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled single‐ and multidose regimen was carried out to investigate the QTc and ITKL concentration correlation. ITKL was administered at doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg with single oral administration and 10 and 20 mg with multiple oral administration, along with placebo, in 83 healthy subjects. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) and blood samples were collected on a preset time schedule. A ΔΔQTcF effect above 10 milliseconds was excluded at all observed plasma levels. Among them, the highest dose was 20 mg, which is twice the therapeutic dose. We concluded that ITKL did not prolong the QT interval in healthy subjects within the therapeutic dose.Retrospectively registered: The study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR1800014466.
Application of DEA‐Based Malmquist Productivity Index on Health Care System Efficiency of ASEAN Countries
Authors: Singh Shailender , Bala Muhammad M. , Kumar Nishant , Janor Hawati 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study assesses and compares the productive efficiency of the national healthcare system of the ASEAN region which includes Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam amidst rising mortality rate from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) era. Nonparametric data envelopment analysis technique based on the Malmquist Productivity Index is performed and its components, total factor productivity change, technical change and technological change are compared across the region. Two different models are considered in assessing and comparing the technical efficiency of the national healthcare system across the region with life expectancy at birth and mortality rate from NCDs as parallel health care output for both the models. The mean value of total factor productivity is 0.983 and 0.974 which suggests that national healthcare system productivity efficiency decays by 1.7% for Model I and 2.6% for Model II, respectively. This suggests that the health care system inefficiencies across the ASEAN region have not made life expectancy to improve as much as it should be and curtailed the mortality rate from growing chronic NCDs within a decade. The region is likely to lag behind in achieving SDGs 3 target 4 on reducing by one‐third premature mortality from chronic NCDs unless the health care system's technical efficiency is improved across the region. The finding suggests a microlevel study on each country to identify major sources of healthcare system inefficiency in a bid to ameliorate it.
The Antiresorptive Effect of GIP, But Not GLP-2, Is Preserved in Patients With Hypoparathyroidism—A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Skov-Jeppesen Kirsa , Hepp Nicola , Oeke Jannika , Hansen Morten Steen , Jafari Abbas , Svane Maria Saur , Balenga Nariman , Olson John A , Frost Morten , Kassem Moustapha , Madsbad Sten , Beck Jensen Jens-Erik , Holst Jens Juul , Rosenkilde Mette Marie , Hartmann Bolette 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) are gut hormones secreted postprandially. In healthy humans, both hormones decrease bone resorption accompanied by a rapid reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the changes in bone turnover after meal intake and after GIP- and GLP-2 injections, respectively, are mediated via a reduction in PTH secretion. This was tested in female patients with hypoparathyroidism given a standardized liquid mixed-meal test (n = 7) followed by a peptide injection test (n = 4) using a randomized crossover design. We observed that the meal- and GIP- but not the GLP-2-induced changes in bone turnover markers were preserved in the patients with hypoparathyroidism. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we examined the expression of the GIP receptor (GIPR) and the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in human osteoblasts and osteoclasts as well as in parathyroid tissue. The GIPR was expressed in both human osteoclasts and osteoblasts, whereas the GLP-2R was absent or only weakly expressed in osteoclasts. Furthermore, both GIPR and GLP-2R were expressed in parathyroid tissue. Our findings suggest that the GIP-induced effect on bone turnover may be mediated directly via GIPR expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts and that this may occur independent of PTH. In contrast, the effect of GLP-2 on bone turnover seems to depend on changes in PTH and may be mediated through GLP-2R in the parathyroid gland. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Eritrean central‐highland precipitation and associations with sea‐surface temperature and atmospheric circulation
Authors: Fessehaye Mussie , Brugnara Yuri , Franke Jörg , Brönnimann Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study explores the teleconnection between the boreal summer precipitation for the central highlands of Eritrea, with respect to global sea‐surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric parameters (winds, pressure, humidity, and vertical velocity) as indirect indicators of atmospheric circulation. The central‐highland summer (Jul–Aug) precipitation (1914–2015) is significantly negatively correlated with the Atlantic Niño (ATL3) index. Similarly, with a 2‐month (May) or 1‐month lead (Jun), SSTs over the equatorial Atlantic (Gulf of Guinea) are inversely correlated with the central‐highland summer precipitation. Moreover, the regional atmospheric circulation reveals that the boreal summer precipitation series has a significant positive correlation with the westerly wind over the Gulf of Guinea at 700 hPa and a negative correlation with the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) at 200 hPa. Overall, these findings depict the African Walker circulation cell, whereby a low‐level westerly wind flows from the Gulf of Guinea across central Africa, coupled with a rising branch over north‐eastern Africa, and reverses as an easterly wind at a higher level. These significant correlations between Atlantic Ocean SST as the precipitation‐driving factor enabled the development and validation of an area‐specific seasonal precipitation prediction model, as precipitation in this region is temporally and spatially highly variable.
Ibero‐Panamerican Federation of Periodontics Delphi study on the trends in diagnosis and treatment of peri‐implant diseases and conditions: A Latin American consensus
Authors: Alarcón Marco Antonio , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , López‐Pacheco Andrea , Tavelli Lorenzo , Galarraga‐Vinueza Maria Elisa , Schwarz Frank , Romanelli Hugo , Peredo Luis , Pannuti Claudio Mendes , Javer Enrique , Vieira Andrés Felipe , Montealegre Mauricio , Galindo Roberto , Umanzor Vilma , Treviño Alejandro , Fretes‐Wood Patricia , Cisneros Marissa , Collins James R. , Bueno Luis , Gimenéz Xiomara , Málaga‐Figueroa Lilian , Sanz Mariano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe social diversity, heterogeneous culture, and inherent economic inequality factors in Latin America (LA) justify conducting a comprehensive analysis on the current status and future trends of peri‐implant diseases and conditions. Thus, the aim of this Delphi study was to predict the future trends in the diagnosis and treatment of peri‐implant diseases and conditions in LA countries for the year 2030.MethodsA Latin American steering committee and group of experts in implant dentistry validated a questionnaire including 64 questions divided into eight sections. The questionnaire was run twice with an interval of 45 days, with the results from the first round made available to all the participants in the second round. The results were expressed in percentages and data was analyzed describing the consensus level reached in each question.ResultsA total of 221 experts were invited to participate in the study and a total 214 (96.8%) completed the two rounds. Moderate (65%‐85%) to high consensus (≥ 85%) was reached in 51 questions (79.69%), except in the questions dealing with “prevalence”, where no consensus was reached. High and moderate consensus was attained for all the questions in three fields (risk factors and indicators, diagnosis and treatment of peri‐implant conditions and deficiencies, and prevention and maintenance).ConclusionsThe present study has provided relevant and useful information on the predictions in the diagnosis and treatment of peri‐implant diseases with a high level of consensus among experts. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of agreement in certain domains.
Novel application of biofortified crops: consumer acceptance of pasta from yellow cassava and leafy vegetables
Authors: Lawal Oluranti M , Talsma Elise F , Bakker Evert‐Jan , Fogliano Vincenzo , Linnemann Anita R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNewly developed yellow biofortified cassava has been adjudged as a cost‐effective solution to vitamin A deficiency in low‐ and middle‐income countries with high cassava intake such as Nigeria. In this study, yellow cassava was developed into a novel pasta enriched with amaranth vegetable and tested among consumers. Attitudes, perception, motives for consumption and perceived barriers were ascertained using focus group discussions and randomised face‐to‐face interviews, while liking, preference and ranking of the novel food were established through consumer sensory perception.RESULTSWillingness to consume the new food, low food neophobia (32%), a health‐driven consumption pattern, as well as an appreciable acceptance for the developed pasta, was established among the consumers. Ugwu (Telfairia occidentalis) was found to be the most preferred leafy vegetable. The yellow cassava pasta was ranked better than the conventional white cassava.CONCLUSIONThis study shows new avenues to valorise yellow cassava by which nutrition security can be improved in low‐ and middle‐income countries of Africa. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Occult Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated With Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Krumeich Lauren N. , Mancinelli Jenna , Cucchiara Andy , Eddinger Kevin , Aufhauser David , Goldberg Drew W. , Siegelman Evan S. , Rosen Mark , Reddy K. Rajender , Hoteit Maarouf , Furth Emma E. , Olthoff Kim M. , Shaked Abraham , Levine Matthew , Abt Peter 
Published: April 2021

Transplant eligibility for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is determined by the imaging identification of tumor burden within the Milan criteria. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(s) (TIPS) reduce portal hypertension but may impact HCC visualization. It was hypothesized that the presence of pretransplant TIPS would correlate with occult HCC and reduced survival. A single‐center, retrospective, case control study was performed among liver transplant recipients with HCC (2000‐2017). The primary endpoint was occult disease on explant pathology. Backward stepwise logistic regression was performed. The secondary endpoints disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated with Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Of 640 patients, 40 had TIPS and more frequently exhibited occult disease (80.0% versus 43.1%; P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 4.16; P < 0.001). Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) similarly correlated with occult disease (OR, 1.97; P = 0.02). Explant tumor burden was equivalent between TIPS subgroups; accordingly, TIPS status was not independently associated with reduced DFS or OS. However, exceeding the Milan criteria was associated with reduced DFS (hazard ratio, 3.21; P = 0.001), and TIPS status in patients with a single suspected lesion (n = 316) independently correlated with explant tumor burdens beyond these criteria (OR, 13.47; P = 0.001). TIPS on pretransplant imaging are associated with occult HCC on explant pathology. Comparable occult disease findings in patients with PVT suggest that the mechanism may involve altered hepatic perfusion, obscuring imaging diagnosis. TIPS are not independently associated with reduced DFS or OS but are associated with exceeding the Milan criteria for patients with a single suspected lesion. The presence of TIPS may necessitate a higher index of suspicion for occult HCC.