bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving multimodal locomotion by a crosslinked poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)-based two-way shape memory polymer
Authors: Zhao Yao , Peng Kaiyuan , Xi Jiaxin , Shahab Shima , Mirzaeifar Reza 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Locomotion is a critically important topic for soft actuators and robotics, however, the locomotion applications based on two-way shape memory polymers (SMPs) have not been well explored so far. In this work, a crosslinked poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (cPEVA)-based two-way SMP is synthesized using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the crosslinker. The influence of the DCP concentration on the mechanical properties and the two-way shape memory properties is systematically studied. A Venus flytrap-inspired soft actuator is made by cPEVA, and it is shown that the actuator can efficiently perform gripping movements, indicating that the resultant cPEVA SMP is capable of producing large output force and recovering from large deformations. This polymer is also utilized to make a self-rolling pentagon-shaped device. It is shown that the structure will efficiently roll on a hot surface, proving the applicability of the material in making sophisticated actuators. With introducing an energy barrier, jumping can be accomplished when the stored energy is fast released. Finite element simulations are also conducted to further understand the underlying mechanisms in the complex behavior of actuators based on cPEVA SMP. This work provides critical insights in designing smart materials with external stimulus responsive programmable function for soft actuator applications.
Performance enhancement of an MRE-based isolator using a multi-layered electromagnetic system
Authors: Hwang Yongmoon , Lee Junghoon , Kye Seungkyung , Jung Hyung-Jo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is one of smart materials which can control the stiffness according to the magnetic field strength. Various types of MRE-based isolators have been studied. However, there was a limit to performance validation owing to the material and structural limitations. In this study, an optimal mixing ratio of the MRE was considered, and a novel electromagnetic system was proposed. A multi-layered electromagnetic system was proposed to constantly maintain a closed magnetic circuit by acting on the deformation of the MRE. As a result, numerical and experimental comparisons were performed with the conventional MRE-based isolator, and its superiority was validated. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of the proposed MRE-based isolator under a vertical load were investigated. The results show that the proposed MRE-based isolator outperforms the conventional MRE-based isolator in improving the magnetorheological (MR) effects and the dynamic characteristics of the proposed MRE-based isolator under the vertical load were identified.
Quantum state tomography as a numerical optimization problem
Authors: Ivanova-Rohling Violeta N , Burkard Guido , Rohling Niklas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a framework that formulates the quest for the most efficient quantum state tomography (QST) measurement set as an optimization problem which can be solved numerically, where the optimization goal is the maximization of the information gain. This approach can be applied to a broad spectrum of relevant setups including measurements restricted to a subsystem. To illustrate the power of this method we present results for the six-dimensional Hilbert space constituted by a qubit–qutrit system, which could be realized e.g. by the 14N nuclear spin-1 and two electronic spin states of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Measurements of the qubit subsystem are expressed by projectors of rank three, i.e. projectors on half-dimensional subspaces. For systems consisting only of qubits, it was shown analytically that a set of projectors on half-dimensional subspaces can be arranged in an informationally optimal fashion for QST, thus forming so-called mutually unbiased subspaces. Our method goes beyond qubits-only systems and we find that in dimension six such a set of mutually-unbiased subspaces can be approximated with a deviation irrelevant for practical applications.
Formation of the radial electric field profile in the WEST tokamak
Authors: Vermare L. , Hennequin P. , Honoré C. , Peret M. , Dif-Pradalier G. , Garbet X. , Gunn J. , Bourdelle C. , Clairet F. , Morales J. , Dumont R. , Goniche M. , Maget P. , Varennes R. , WEST Team the 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sheared flows are known to reduce turbulent transport by decreasing the correlation length and/or intensity of turbulent structures. The transport barrier that takes place at the edge during improved regimes such as H mode, corresponds to the establishment of a large shear of the radial electric field. In this context, the radial shape of the radial electric field or more exactly of the perpendicular E × B velocity appears as a key element in accessing improved confinement regimes. In this paper, we present the radial profile of the perpendicular velocity measured using Doppler back-scattering system at the edge of the plasma, dominated by the E × B velocity, during the first campaigns of the WEST tokamak. It is found that the radial velocity profile is clearly more sheared in lower single null configuration (with the B × ∇B magnetic drift pointing toward the active X-point) than in upper single null configuration for ohmic and low current plasmas (B = 3.7 T and q
95 = 4.7), consistently with the expectation comparing respectively ‘favourable’ versus ‘unfavourable’ configuration. Interestingly, this tendency is sensitive to the plasma current and to the amount of additional heating power leading to plasma conditions in which the E × B velocity exhibits a deeper well in USN configuration. For example, while the velocity profile exhibits a clear and deep well just inside the separatrix concomitant with the formation of a density pedestal during L–H transitions observed in LSN configuration, deeper E
r wells are observed in USN configuration during similar transitions with less pronounced density pedestal.
Shattered pellet injection experiments at JET in support of the ITER disruption mitigation system design
Authors: Jachmich S. , Kruezi U. , Lehnen M. , Baruzzo M. , Baylor L.R. , Carnevale D. , Craven D. , Eidietis N.W. , Ficker O. , Gebhart T.E. , Gerasimov S. , Herfindal J.L. , Hollmann E. , Huber A. , Lomas P. , Lovell J. , Manzanares A. , Maslov M. , Mlynar J. , Pautasso G. , Paz-Soldan C. , Peacock A. , Piron L. , Plyusnin V. , Reinke M. , Reux C. , Rimini F. , Sheikh U. , Shiraki D. , Silburn S. , Sweeney R. , Wilson J. , Carvalho P. , JET Contributors the 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A series of experiments have been executed at JET to assess the efficacy of the newly installed shattered pellet injection (SPI) system in mitigating the effects of disruptions. Issues, important for the ITER disruption mitigation system, such as thermal load mitigation, avoidance of runaway electron (RE) formation, radiation asymmetries during thermal quench mitigation, electromagnetic load control and RE energy dissipation have been addressed over a large parameter range. The efficiency of the mitigation has been examined for the various SPI injection strategies. The paper summarises the results from these JET SPI experiments and discusses their implications for the ITER disruption mitigation scheme.
Study on temporal and spatial differences of multi-attribute characteristics of torrential rain in different months in China
Authors: Feng Kong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using the daily precipitation data of 545 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2016, the temporal and spatial characteristics of torrential rainfall and rain days in different months in China were detected from the three aspects of climatic state characteristics, change trend and interannual variations. The results showed that: (1) The torrential rainfall and rain days in different months in China from 1961 to 2016 had similar spatial differentiation characteristics in the corresponding months. The high-value areas of torrential rainfall and rain days gradually expanded from the southeast coast to the northwest inland from January to July, but mainly distributed in the east of the Hu Huanyong Line, and reduced from the northwest area to the southeast coastal area from August to December; The torrential rainfall and rain days were less distributed in the west of the Hu Huanyong Line in different months. (2) The temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of torrential rainfall and rain days in different months in China from 1961 to 2016 were basically the same. The torrential rainfall and rain days in China had the most significant change trend from May to August, mainly distributed in the southeast monsoon region with an increasing trend. The torrential rainfall and rain days in the northwest have little changes in different months. (3) The interannual variations of the torrential rainfall and rain days in different months in China from 1961 to 2016 were similar. Thereinto, there was large fluctuation in the northern region from April to October, while the variations in the southern region fluctuated greatly from January to March and from November to December. The high-value areas of the torrential rainfall and rain days with large fluctuation gradually expanded from southeast to northwest, northeast and southwest with the development of month, with the fluctuation tending to decrease in the southeast, and then shrank from the northwest, northeast and southwest to the southeast, coupled with an increasing fluctuation in the southeast. The research has certain reference significance for flood control, disaster reduction, and the planning and utilization of water resources.
Community governance in rural villager resettlement neighborhoods in China: rural-urban divide, civic engagement, and state control
Authors: Qian Zhu , Zhang Shuping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In China, to meet the demand of expansive urbanization, the state expropriates rural land from village collectives and offers resettlement arrangement to landless villagers. The aim of this study is to advance our understanding of the community governance in government-designated resettlement neighborhoods in Chinese cities. By employing participatory observations and key informant interviews with community association staff and resettled villagers in four neighborhoods in Shanghai, this research documents and evaluates an emerging multi-scalar civic coalition formed to maximize the capacity of community governance. The study finds that the new collation is maintained through strategic networks, information exchange, resource sharing, and reciprocal collaborations. Critiques of the regime spotlight its three shortfalls: the conflicts among regime partners which threatens the stability of the coalition; the justice issue behind differentiated standards that creates divides among community members; and the lack of citizen connection and support that questions the resilience of the regime.
Analysis of agribusiness performance of top five vegetable farming in East Java
Authors: Dewi H A , Daroini P B , Ndaru R , Negoro A A , Latifah E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
East Java Province is one of vegetable-producing areas; however, performance of vegetable production has not been identified. The performance will be an important indicator of regional agricultural economic development of the region. This paper aims to provide farm analyses of leading vegetable farming in East Java Province. East Java Province is one of the potential production areas for vegetables. Secondary data were collected from the Agricultural District Services of Malang, Blitar and Kediri in 2018. Five vegetables namely chilies (big and small), eggplant, yard-long bean, and tomato, which were considered leading commodities in the region, were selected for these analyses. A factor share approach, which is commonly used for financial analysis of farming systems, was employed in this study. Other financial analytical approaches were also used to alternate selection criteria. As a deterministic approach used in this study, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the profitability of each vegetable commodity. The results show that chili and tomato are more labor-intensive, at which suitable for regions with an abundance of rural labor. Each vegetable has a positive profit, and thus recommended grow vegetables to increase households’ income. Big-chili is superior in terms of absolute profit, and it is recommended that big-chili can be used as the main crop. In terms of R/C-ratio and factor share, eggplant is superior, it is recommended that eggplant can be used as an alternative crop.
Quality and benefits of good agricultural practice method on choy sum cultivation in northern Cambodia
Authors: Teck V , Tann H , Meas A , Leng S , Chea R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Choy sum (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis) is one of the important green leafy vegetable crops widely produced and consumed in Cambodia. Most of the farmers practically use chemical inputs to increase their choy sum’s yield, yet negatively affecting consumers’ health. Accordingly, assuring food safety and higher yield of choy sum are essential for sustainable economic growth and development in Cambodia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the quality and benefits of choy sum cultivation using good agricultural practice (GAP) over the organic farming systems in northern Cambodia; where growth rate, yield and economic efficiency of choy sum crop were assessed. Completely randomized design was employed on three treatments (non-treated control, organic method, and GAP), while classical statistical tests were used to examine the difference of quality and benefits between the treatments. As a result, cultivation technique-GAP method provided a better growth rate, yield, and economic profitability than other treatments. Thus, GAP method’s application is recommended for choy sum crop production and other potential green leafy crops. These findings provided more concrete evidence on financial benefits and quality of production of the GAP method on leafy plant growth (choy sum). Therefore, agricultural extension using GAP method would be a good technique to promote agricultural value chain, while improving food safety and livelihoods of Cambodian farmers.
The effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the competitive and comparative advantages of rice production in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sinuraya J F , Setiyanto A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Food security is one of the keys to success in overcoming problems arising impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Attention to the paddy production in West Java is imperative. This paper aimed to discuss the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the competitiveness of rice production in West Java by using two indicators of Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), namely Private Cost Ratio (PCR) and Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRC). The data used is from the National Panel of Farmers (PATANAS) survey data for wetland rice agro-ecosystem in West Java, with 144 households of rice farmer respondents. The results show that the COVID-19 outbreak harms the competitiveness of rice production, and it takes three years for recovery to be a competitive advantage and more than five years for comparative advantage. At the private and social prices of GKP at the farm level equal to the GPP 2020, rice production in West Java will lose its competitive advantage starting in 2022, while the comparative advantage of rice production in West Java continues to decline until 2024. This study has three policy implications: the first eliminating disruption of the distributions of agricultural inputs and outputs. The second is striving to increase the use of machinery and equipment to secure the risk of yield loss during cultivation, harvest time, and post-harvest handling at the farm level. The third is selecting the farmers who have high capability in competitive and comparative advantages as a model for fostering competitiveness improvement for farmers with lower abilities.
Poverty dynamics in farm and rural households: PATANAS data analysis 2007‒2018
Authors: Yofa R D , Maulana M , Ar-rozi A M , Anugerah I S , Darwis V , Simatupang P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In developing countries, the majority of the population work as farmers. Thus, the welfare realization can be achieved by increasing farmers’ welfare. Welfare is the opposite of poverty, therefore, the prevalence of poverty is seen as an indicator of welfare. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of poverty at the farm and rural household levels. The data used is from a panel data survey of the National Farmers Panel (PATANAS) on four agroecosystems from 2007 to 2018, collected by the Indonesian Centre for Agricultural Socio-Economic and Policy Studies (ICASEPS), Ministry of Agriculture. The data were analyzed statistically descriptive by making six poverty categories based on the distance between per capita income and the poverty line published by Central Bureau Statistic (CBS). The study results show that rural households still use the land as their main base of income in all types of agroecosystems. On the other hand, non-agricultural income sources have consistently increased, indicating a structural change from the dominance of agriculture to industry and services. There has been a decrease in the number of rural households categorized as almost non-poor, destitute, and suffering. The number of households categorized as non-poor and very poor is dominant in all agroecosystems. It shows that there is widening inequality. Recommendations can be given in farm upgrading through agricultural modernization, rural agro-industrialization, and even job transfer from rural farmers to the formal urban sector.
Peatland conservation strategies and carbon pricing possibilities for climate change mitigation in Indonesia: a review
Authors: Pertiwi N , Tsusaka T W , Sasaki N , Gunawan E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Humankind is digging to solve one of the world’s most complex issues at present, climate change. Many studies were conducted and initiatives were proposed as mitigation and adaptation strategies to date, such as restoration and preservation of carbon storage. Peatlands are widely recognized as the largest natural carbon storage of all terrestrial ecosystems. Peatlands can help mitigate climate change by its ability to sequestrate huge amounts of carbon and maintain water balance. This valuable yet vulnerable ecosystem needs to be managed properly to maintain the functions. This study aimed to critically review the peatland conservation strategies and possibility of carbon pricing for mitigation and adaptation of climate change, specifically for Indonesia. It was revealed that restoration strategies such as rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization could help with peatlands conservation and further reduction in emissions from land sectors. However, the funding for conservation activities would become a hindrance to the viability and sustainability. Carbon pricing could be a potentially effective approach to conservation of peatlands. Sequestrated carbon and potential additional value from ecosystem services could higher up the price that made the option for conservation more stunning. Therefore, to establish tradable carbon credits on peatland as a means to support the sustainability of Indonesia’s peatland conservation in the future, the action to well managing and standardizing the carbon credits should be started immediately. Though the process will take time and great willingness from all parties, this option could be used for long-term peatland conservation activities.
Vector error correction model relationship between three vegetable oil products
Authors: Rifin A , Nauly D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
International price of palm oil fluctuated frequently. It is predicted that the international price of palm oil is affected by the other vegetable oil prices. Soybean oil, rapeseed oil and palm oil are the three most important vegetable oil in the word. These commodities compete but on the other hand the world prices are moving in the same direction. This paper analyzes the relationship of these three prices in the short-run and long-run. The method utilizes in the analysis is the vector error correction model (VECM) followed by Impulse Response and Variance Decomposition. The data used is monthly data from January 2003 until December 2020. The results indicate that in the short-run, only the lag of each vegetable oil prices affects their own price. Meanwhile, in the long-run the three prices have long-run relationship or in other words the prices are cointegrated. Using variance decomposition and impulse response shows that soybean oil price has more effect on rapeseed and palm oil prices. Therefore, it can be concluded, the fluctuation of rapeseed and palm oil prices will be affected by the price fluctuation of soybean oil price
Indonesia’s coffee and cocoa agribusiness opportunities in Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership trade cooperation
Authors: Dermoredjo S K , Pasaribu S M , Azahari D H , Yusuf E S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Following the agreement of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015, it has been approved that cooperation between ASEAN and the other five partner countries, namely China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Korea, has been bound in new economic partnerships, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). The main objective of RCEP is to empower economic integrity and enhance the economic development of respective member countries. Coffee and cocoa are two of Indonesia’s important estate commodities for exports. A study focusing on coffee and cocoa agribusiness development to take advantage of RCEP was conducted in several production centers of rural areas. This paper aims to analyze the role of coffee and cocoa business in RCEP trade cooperation by: (i) understanding and analyzing trade on RCEP using RCA and RO, (ii) reviewing trade development in RCEP toward Indonesia’s coffee and cocoa performance using Gereffi analysis. This study was conducted in North Sumatra and South Sulawesi provinces. The study revealed an opportunity for coffee and cocoa to increase their market in the RCEP region but only with its high quality. Coffee and cocoa should be well prepared with significant, integrative, and comprehensive improvement. The government is suggested increasing the production and productivity of coffee and cocoa through intensive extension and closely working with the farmers.