bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitioning Responsibly Toward a Circular Bioeconomy: Using Stakeholder Workshops to Reveal Market Dependencies
Authors: Hoes Anne-Charlotte , van der Burg Simone , Overbeek Greet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article reflects on the contribution that stakeholder involvement could give to circular bioeconomy transformation (CBE). By comparing argument for stakeholder involvement in literature as well as on our own experiences in six stakeholder involvement workshops, we argue that it is probably unrealistic to fully achieve both normative and co-design goals in a single workshop. Furthermore, stakeholder involvement can help to acquire insight into dependencies in the market and offer an opportunity to connect people to deal with them. Therefore we propose for future stakeholder involvement initiatives for CBE to focus on (1) identify relationships of dependency which make it hard for players in the market to change, (2) develop strategies to change while mitigating the detrimental effects on already existing relationships and (3) gradually breaking down relationships and building new ones that support CBE.
Unravelling the link between phthalate exposure and endometriosis in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Conforti Alessandro , Carbone Luigi , Simeon Vittorio , Chiodini Paolo , Marrone Vincenzo , Bagnulo Francesca , Cariati Federica , Strina Ida , Alviggi Carlo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Endometriosis is a chronic debilitating inflammatory pathology which interests females in their reproductive age. Its pathogenesis has not yet been clearly defined. Recent evidence linked chemical agents as endocrine-disrupting chemicals to endometriosis. Phthalates are a widely used class of such compounds. This study aimed to summarize the current literature evaluating the link between exposure to phthalates and occurrence of endometriosis.

Methods
A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis has been carried out following PRISMA guidelines to assess such link. Fourteen studies have been included in the review. Risk of bias has been assessed through the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Results
We observed association between endometriosis and increased urinary levels of MBP/MnBP, MEOHP, and MEHHP, but not for others. Blood-derived analysis showed statistically significant link between endometriosis and BBP, DEHP, DnBP, and MEHP.

Conclusion
Given the wide heterogeneity of included studies, results should be taken with caution. Further studies with more rigorous methodology are encouraged to unravel the true link between this class of toxic compounds and manifestation of endometriosis.
RV-TEE: secure cryptographic protocol execution based on runtime verification
Authors: Vella Mark , Colombo Christian , Abela Robert , Špaček Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnalytical security of cryptographic protocols does not immediately translate to operational security due to incorrect implementation and attacks targeting the execution environment. Code verification and hardware-based trusted execution solutions exist, however these leave it up to the implementer to assemble the complete solution, imposing a complete re-think of the hardware platforms and software development process. We rather aim for a comprehensive solution for secure cryptographic protocol execution, which takes the form of a trusted execution environment based on runtime verification and stock hardware security modules. RV-TEE can be deployed on existing platforms and protocol implementations. Runtime verification lends itself well at several conceptual levels of the execution environment, ranging from high level protocol properties, to lower level checks such as taint inference. The proposed architectural setup involving two runtime verification modules is instantiated through a case study using a popular web browser. We successfully monitor high and low level properties with promising results with respect to practicality.
The use of Net Promoter Score (NPS) to predict sales growth: insights from an empirical investigation
Authors: Baehre Sven , O’Dwyer Michele , O’Malley Lisa , Lee Nick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNet Promoter Score (NPS) has been widely adopted by managers as a measure of customer mindset and predictor of sales growth. Over time, practitioners have evolved the use of NPS from its original purpose as a transaction-based customer loyalty metric, towards a metric for tracking overall brand health which includes responses from non-customers. Despite enduring managerial popularity, academics remain skeptical of NPS, citing methodological issues and ongoing concerns with NPS measurement. This study re-visits the use of NPS as a predictor of sales growth by analyzing data from seven brands operating in the U.S. sportswear industry, measured over five years. Our results confirm—within the context of our study—that while the original premise of NPS is reasonable, the methodological concerns raised by academics are valid, and only the more recently developed brand health measure of NPS (using an all potential customer sample) is effective at predicting future sales growth.
Using PyC modified 3D carbon fiber to reinforce UHTC under low temperature sintering without pressure
Authors: Du Baihe , Cheng Yuan , Xun Liancai , Zhang Shuchang , Tong Jing , Lv Qingrong , Zhou Shanbao , Hu Ping , Zhang Xinghong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFinding the optimum balance between strength and toughness, as well as acquiring reliable thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance, has always been the most concerned topic in the discussion of ultra-high temperature ceramic composites. Herein, PyC modified 3D carbon fiber is used to reinforce ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC). The macroscopic block composite with large size is successfully fabricated through low temperature sintering at 1300 °C without pressure. The prepared PyC modified 3D Cf/ZrC-SiC composites simultaneously possess excellent physical and chemical stability under the synergistic effect of PyC interface layer and low temperature sintering without pressure. The fracture toughness is increased in magnitude to 13.05 ± 1.72 MPa·m1/2 accompanied by reliable flexural strength of 251 ± 27 MPa. After rapid thermal shock spanning from room temperature (RT) to 1200 °C, there are no visible surface penetrating cracks, spalling, or structural fragmentation. The maximum critical temperature difference reaches 875 °C, which is nearly three times higher than that of traditional monolithic ceramics. The haunting puzzle of intrinsic brittleness and low damage tolerance are resolved fundamentally. Under the protection of PyC interface layer, the carbon fibers around oxide layer and matrix remain structure intact after static oxidation at 1500 °C for 30 min. The oxide layer has reliable physical and chemical stability and resists the erosion from fierce oxidizing atmosphere, ensuring the excellent oxidation resistance of the composites. In a sense, the present work provides promising universality in designability and achievement of 3D carbon fiber reinforced ceramic composites.
Predictors of Pursuing Intralesional Xiaflex in Peyronie’s Disease Patients
Authors: Punjani Nahid , Nascimento Bruno , Salter Carolyn , Flores Jose , Miranda Eduardo , Terrier Jean , Taniguchi Hisanori , Jenkins Lawrence , Mulhall John P. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntralesional collagenase such as Xiaflex (ILX) has become a standard treatment for Peyronie’s disease (PD). Many robust studies have demonstrated its clear efficacy in the treatment algorithm.AimTo examine predictors of the patient decision to pursue ILX in PD patients.MethodsThe study included PD patients (i) with stable disease (ii) who had doppler duplex ultrasonography (DUS) at least 6 months prior to analysis date and (iii) did not choose an operation. All patients received a standard discussion regarding treatment options, specifically, observation, ILX and penile reconstructive surgery (plication, plaque incision and grafting, implant surgery). Patients who opted to use ILX were compared to those who opted against it. Comorbidity, demographic and PD characteristics were recorded at the initial PD visit. All patients completed three validated questionnaires including the PD questionnaire (PDQ), Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire and a depression questionnaire (CES-D). Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of ILX use.OutcomesPredictors of ILX utilization.RESULTSFour hundred and fifty stable PD men had DUS completed 6 months before to allow sufficient time for treatment decision. Of these, 111 (24.7%) patients had ILX treatment and 339 (75.3%) did not. Mean age, relationship status and pain occurrence were similar between groups, but ILX patients had less bother defined as PDQ ≥ 9 (46.8% vs 53.7%, P = .02). ILX patients had more complex curves (79.3% vs 47.8%, P &lt; .01) and more severe instability (32.4% vs 15.3%, P = .01). ILX patients also had higher PDQ domain scores (Psychological 11.5 ± 6.4 vs 7.5 ± 6.2, P &lt; .01; Pain 6.2 ± 6.0 vs 4.3 ± 5.6, P = .02; and Bother 9.8 ± 4.7 vs 6.6 ± 4.8, P &lt; .01). On univariable statistics, significant bother (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.36–4.28, P&lt;0.01), complex curvature (OR 4.18, 95%CI 2.52–6.93, P &lt; .01), moderate and/or severe instability (OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.18–3.30, P &lt; .01) and PDQ-Bother scores (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.08–1.22 P &lt; .01) predicted ILX use. On multivariable analysis, instability (OR 2.58, 95%CI 1.02–6.57, P = .05) and significant bother (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.04–1.45, P = .01) predicted ILX use.Clinical ImplicationsEducates providers as to which patients are more likely to choose ILX.Strengths & LimitationsOur study has a large sample size and all patients received the same standardized treatment discussion. Our study is limited by the absence of insurance data on all patients, and its retrospective single center design.CONCLUSIONILX was chosen by the minority of stable PD patients. While moderate to severe instability and significant bother is predictive of ILX use, other demographic factors including relationship status, sexual orientation or pain were not.
Where does the Coronavirus come from? On the mechanisms underlying the endorsement of conspiracy theories on the origin of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Vezzoni Cristiano , Dotti Sani Giulia M. , Chiesi Antonio M. , Ladini Riccardo , Biolcati Ferruccio , Guglielmi Simona , Maggini Nicola , Maraffi Marco , Molteni Francesco , Pedrazzani Andrea , Segatti Paolo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile official science has given its answer to the question on the origin of the Coronavirus (animal to human transmission), alternative theories on human creation of the virus – purposely or inadvertently – have flourished. Those alternative theories can be easily located among the family of conspiracy theories, as they always assume some secretive activity of some groups acting on their self-interest and against the good of the many. The article assesses the prevalence of these beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, studies its development during the pandemic, and investigates its potential determinants. In particular, it analyses the relationship between beliefs in alternative theories on the origin of the virus and political orientation, by arguing that the association cannot be attributed to (politically) motivated reasoning, as the issue has not been highly politicized in the Italian context. Alternatively, the article suggests that the main factor driving beliefs in alternative accounts on the origins of the virus is institutional trust. Political orientation moderates its effects, depending on specific conditions (e.g. cue taking, position of the supported party either in government or opposition), and eventually reinforcing scepticism towards epistemic authorities for those with low trust in institutions. Data come from the ResPOnsE COVID-19 survey, carried out with daily samples from April to July 2020 (N > 15.000) to monitor the development of the Italian public opinion during the Coronavirus pandemic.
COERCION ON HOLY DAYS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Authors: Kirkland J. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Middle Ages are not usually considered an era when the law was friendly to laborers. Numerous regulations in medieval England were very unfriendly to them. However, religious laws—that is, canon law—did act to protect laborers when it came to working on holy days. Examining cases in the ecclesiastical courts, this article traces discussions concerning who was to blame, from theory into practice, when masters compelled their subordinates to work on holy days. Differing ideas on how to assign blame were ultimately reflected in the ecclesiastical courts. Some courts prosecuted only masters, while others prosecuted both masters and subordinates.
Serum antibodies blocked by glycan antigens in canine visceral leishmaniasis serology are mostly IgA immune complexes
Authors: Aparecida de Carvalho Camila , Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto Roberto , Regina Meireles Luciana , Franco de Andrade Júnior Heitor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmune complexes (ICs) are found in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and interfere with the serum detection of antibodies. Dissociation of these monovalent complexes by dissociative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) removes false-negative results and allows some characterization of antibodies and antigens. We studied the serology of dogs with suspected CVL in an endemic area, testing two Leishmania (Leishmania) [L. (L.)] <full form>infantum antigens. We analysed the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies specific to promastigote soluble extract (PSE) and low-molecular weight glycans (glycan–bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex – GBC) by conventional and dissociative ELISA. Our results showed a significant fraction of IgA ICs (46.5% for PSE and 47.6% for GBC), followed by IgG ICs (10% for PSE and 23.5% for GBC). IgM ICs were more frequent for PSE (22.7%). Hypergammaglobulinaemia in CVL would be related to the presence of IgA and IgG ICs, resulting in deficient elimination of these antibodies. Our data confirmed the presence of ICs that can generate false-negative results in conventional serology. The production of IgA antibodies and the high frequency of blockade by glycan antigens suggest the active participation of this immunoglobulin and its ICs in the immunopathology of CVL, indicating a new path for further research.
Russian–German five-year-olds: What omissions in sentence repetition tell us about linguistic knowledge, memory skills and their interrelation
Authors: STADTMILLER Elizabeth , LINDNER Katrin , SÜSS Assunta , GAGARINA Natalia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn error analyses using sentence repetition data, most authors focus on word types of omissions. The current study considers serial order in omission patterns independent of functional categories. Data was collected from Russian and German sentence repetition tasks performed by 53 five-year-old bilingual children. Number and positions of word omissions were analyzed. Serial order effects were found in both languages: medial errors made up the largest percentage of errors. Then, the position of omissions was compared to visuo-verbal n-back working memory and non-verbal visual forward short-term memory scores using stepwise hierarchical linear regression models, taking into account demographic variables and receptive language. The interaction differed between languages: there was a significant negative association between omissions in the medial position in German and the final position in Russian and the visuo-verbal n-back memory score. Our study contributes to the understanding of how working memory and language are intertwined in sentence repetition.
Quantification of Trace-Level Silicon Doping in AlxGa1–xN Films Using Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis
Authors: Spasevski Lucia , Buse Ben , Edwards Paul R. , Hunter Daniel A. , Enslin Johannes , Foronda Humberto M. , Wernicke Tim , Mehnke Frank , Parbrook Peter J. , Kneissl Michael , Martin Robert W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWavelength-dispersive X-ray (WDX) spectroscopy was used to measure silicon atom concentrations in the range 35–100 ppm [corresponding to (3–9) × 1018 cm−3] in doped AlxGa1–xN films using an electron probe microanalyser also equipped with a cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrometer. Doping with Si is the usual way to produce the n-type conducting layers that are critical in GaN- and AlxGa1–xN-based devices such as LEDs and laser diodes. Previously, we have shown excellent agreement for Mg dopant concentrations in p-GaN measured by WDX with values from the more widely used technique of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). However, a discrepancy between these methods has been reported when quantifying the n-type dopant, silicon. We identify the cause of discrepancy as inherent sample contamination and propose a way to correct this using a calibration relation. This new approach, using a method combining data derived from SIMS measurements on both GaN and AlxGa1–xN samples, provides the means to measure the Si content in these samples with account taken of variations in the ZAF corrections. This method presents a cost-effective and time-saving way to measure the Si doping and can also benefit from simultaneously measuring other signals, such as CL and electron channeling contrast imaging.
Impact of Nutrient Additions on Free‐Living Nitrogen Fixation in Litter and Soil of Two French‐Guianese Lowland Tropical Forests
Authors: Van Langenhove Leandro , Depaepe Thomas , Verryckt Lore T. , Vallicrosa Helena , Fuchslueger Lucia , Lugli Laynara F. , Bréchet Laëtitia , Ogaya Roma , Llusia Joan , Urbina Ifigenia , Gargallo‐Garriga Albert , Grau Oriol , Richter Andreas , Penuelas Josep , Van Der Straeten Dominique , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn tropical forests, free‐living Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) in soil and litter tends to decrease when substrate N concentrations increase, whereas increasing phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) soil and litter concentrations have been shown to stimulate free‐living BNF rates. Yet, very few studies explored the effects of adding N, P, and Mo together in a single large‐scale fertilization experiment, which would teach us which of these elements constrain or limit BNF activities. At two distinct forest sites in French Guiana, we performed a 3‐year in situ nutrient addition study to explore the effects of N, P, and Mo additions on leaf litter and soil BNF. Additionally, we conducted a short‐term laboratory study with the same nutrient addition treatments (+N, +N+P, +P, +Mo, and +P+Mo). We found that N additions alone suppressed litter free‐living BNF in the field, but not in the short‐term laboratory study, while litter free‐living BNF remained unchanged in response to N+P additions. Additionally, we found that P and P+Mo additions stimulated BNF in leaf litter, both in the field and in the lab, while Mo alone yielded no changes. Soil BNF increased with P and P+Mo additions in only one of the field sites, while in the other site soil BNF increased with Mo and P+Mo additions. We concluded that increased substrate N concentrations suppress BNF. Moreover, both P and Mo have the potential to limit free‐living BNF in these tropical forests, but the balance between P versus Mo limitation is determined by site‐specific characteristics of nutrient supply and demand.
Hydroclimate Dipole Drives Multi‐Centennial Variability in the Western Tropical North Atlantic Margin During the Middle and Late Holocene
Authors: Sullivan Richard M. , van Hengstum Peter J. , Coats Sloan J. , Donnelly Jeffrey P. , Tamalavage Anne E. , Winkler Tyler S. , Albury Nancy A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMeridional shifts of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) western edge create a dipole that drives hydroclimate variability in the southeastern United States and Caribbean region. Southwest displacements suppress rainfall in the southern Caribbean. Northwest displacements drive southeast United States and northern Caribbean drying. Projections for the 21st century suggest a more meridionally displaced NASH, which jeopardizes Caribbean island communities dependent on rain‐fed aquifers. While recent work indicates that Atlantic and Pacific Ocean‐atmosphere variability influenced the NASH during the instrumental period, little is known about NASH behavior and subsequent hydroclimate responses over longer timescales. To address this limitation, we developed a ∼6000‐years long rainfall record through the analysis of calcite raft deposits archived within sediments from a coastal sinkhole in the northeast Bahamas (Abaco Island). Increased (decreased) calcite raft deposition provides evidence for increased (decreased) rainfall driven by NASH variability. We use simulations from the Community Earth System Model to support this interpretation. These simulations improve our understanding of NASH behavior on timescales congruous with the reconstruction and suggest an important role for the state of the Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, model simulations and a compilation of regional hydroclimate reconstructions reveal that the NASH‐driven dipole dominates northern and southern Caribbean rainfall on centennial timescales. These results bring Holocene Caribbean hydroclimate variability into sharper focus while providing important context for present and future changes to regional climate. Additionally, this study highlights the need for improved future predictions of the state of the Pacific Ocean to best inform water scarcity mitigation strategies for at‐risk Caribbean communities.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Spring Indices in China and Their Physical Mechanisms
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Feng Song , Huang Wei , Yang Yujie , Xie Tingting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpring indices refer to the onset date of Spring, which quantify the phenological events in Spring. The average spring index (Avg‐SI) is defined as the average of the first leaf index (the date of early spring) and the first bloom index (the date of late spring) in this study. This study calculated the Avg‐SI in China for 2,780 weather stations during 1951–2014. The long‐term mean Avg‐SI suggested that the spring onset gradually delayed with the increase of latitudes and altitudes. The long‐term trend indicated earlier onset of spring in nearly all sub‐regions in China. The spatiotemporal variations of Avg‐SI were analyzed using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) method. The first EOF mode suggested a homogenous pattern across China. This mode is closely linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), which impacts the atmospheric circulation and temperature across Eurasia. Warm phase of AMO is associated with positive geopotential height (HGT) anomalies and warmer spring in China. The second EOF mode suggested a north‐south zonal pattern, which is linked to the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the East Asian Trough Strength. Positive phases of AO lead to positive HGT anomalies over the northern China but negative HGT anomalies over the southern China. Together they lead to a weaker East Asian Trough and less cold air intrusions to the northern China, which in turn cause earlier onset of spring in this region.