bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid Profile in Children with Infantile Tremor Syndrome
Authors: Dileep Satya K , Attri Savita Verma , Sharawat Indar Kumar , Vaidya Pankaj C , Mehra Nancy , Patial Ajay , Sankhyan Naveen , Singhi Pratibha D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Infantile Tremor Syndrome (ITS) is a disorder of infancy, and characterized by developmental delay and/or regression, pallor, skin hyperpigmentation and hypopigmented hair. It is commonly seen in infants in whom exclusive breastfeeding is given inappropriately for longer durations than recommended. ITS is predominantly reported from the Indian subcontinent and in children from a lower socioeconomic background. It is a clinical diagnosis and vitamin B12 deficiency is the most commonly accepted etiology of this entity.

Objectives
The primary objectives of study were to compare the plasma and urine amino acid levels among children with ITS spectrum with those of healthy children. The secondary objectives were to compare the plasma and urine amino acid levels among children with ITS and Pre-ITS.

Study design
This cross-sectional, observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Participants
A total of 50 children aged &lt; 36 months with ITS/Pre-ITS were enrolled. Children with Pre-ITS and ITS were compared with healthy age-matched study subjects.

Results
Thirty-nine (78%) cases and twelve (24%) healthy children had low serum vitamin B12 levels. Folate levels were normal in all the controls, while only one case had folate deficiency. There were significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in the values of 32 amino acids in plasma. Among 44 urinary amino acids, levels of 30 amino acids were significantly different in the cases compared with the controls (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Several changes in amino acids in the children suffering from ITS were observed. These changes may be a reflection of the metabolic derangements in ITS.
Functional Profile of Systemic and Intrathecal Cebranopadol in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ding Huiping , Trapella Claudio , Kiguchi Norikazu , Hsu Fang-Chi , Caló Girolamo , Ko Mei-Chuan 
Published: July 2021

Background
Cebranopadol, a mixed nociceptin/opioid receptor full agonist, can effectively relieve pain in rodents and humans. However, it is unclear to what degree different opioid receptor subtypes contribute to its antinociception and whether cebranopadol lacks acute opioid-associated side effects in primates. The authors hypothesized that coactivation of nociceptin receptors and μ receptors produces analgesia with reduced side effects in nonhuman primates.

Methods
The antinociceptive, reinforcing, respiratory-depressant, and pruritic effects of cebranopadol in adult rhesus monkeys (n = 22) were compared with μ receptor agonists fentanyl and morphine using assays, including acute thermal nociception, IV drug self-administration, telemetric measurement of respiratory function, and itch-scratching responses.

Results
Subcutaneous cebranopadol (ED50, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.8 to 4.6] μg/kg) potently produced antinociception compared to fentanyl (15.8 [14.6 to 17.1] μg/kg). Pretreatment with antagonists selective for nociceptin and μ receptors, but not δ and κ receptor antagonists, caused rightward shifts of the antinociceptive dose–response curve of cebranopadol with dose ratios of 2 and 9, respectively. Cebranopadol produced reinforcing effects comparable to fentanyl, but with decreased reinforcing strength, i.e., cebranopadol (mean ± SD, 7 ± 3 injections) versus fentanyl (12 ± 3 injections) determined by a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Unlike fentanyl (8 ± 2 breaths/min), systemic cebranopadol at higher doses did not decrease the respiratory rate (17 ± 2 breaths/min). Intrathecal cebranopadol (1 μg) exerted full antinociception with minimal scratching responses (231 ± 137 scratches) in contrast to intrathecal morphine (30 μg; 3,009 ± 1,474 scratches).

Conclusions
In nonhuman primates, the μ receptor mainly contributed to cebranopadol-induced antinociception. Similar to nociceptin/μ receptor partial agonists, cebranopadol displayed reduced side effects, such as a lack of respiratory depression and pruritus. Although cebranopadol showed reduced reinforcing strength, its detectable reinforcing effects and strength warrant caution, which is critical for the development and clinical use of cebranopadol.

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The Feasibility of C1-C2 Screw-rod Fixation in the Children 5 Years of Age and Younger
Authors: Burkhardt Benedikt W. , Podolski Wladislaw , Pitzen Tobias R. , Ruf Michael 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Atlantoaxial fixation is technically challenging in younger children. The C1-C2 screw-rod fixation technique is established for adults but limited data about the clinical and radiographical outcome for the treatment of children with 5 years of age or younger is available.

Methods:
All files of children who were consecutively treated for spinal disorders were reviewed. Inclusion criteria for further evaluation were: 0 to 5 years of age at initial procedure; detailed surgical report of a posterior C1-C2 fusion with mass lateral and pedicle screw-rod fixation as described by Harms; a minimum clinical and radiographical follow-up of 24 months. The postoperative and last follow-up computed tomography scan and radiographs were used to assess the positioning and stability of the C1-C2 screw-rod construct.

Results:
Eleven patients (3 boys) with a mean age of 46 months (range: 8 to 66 mo) fulfilled inclusion criteria and were evaluated retrospectively. The mean clinical and radiographical follow-up was 79 months (range: 24 mo to 170 mo). The diagnosis was atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation (4 cases), C1-C2 instability with subluxation (3 cases), atlantoaxial dislocation and os odontoideum (1 case), type II odontoid fracture (1 case), traumatic odontoid epiphysiolysis (1 case), and traumatic rupture of the transverse ligament with C1 subluxation (1 case). Intraoperatively and postoperatively no new neurovascular or vascular complication occurred. C1 lateral mass screws were placed correctly in all cases. Twenty-two C2 pedicle screws were placed correctly (85.7%), and 3 screws showed penetration of the pedicle wall (14.3%). No implant revision, implant failure, and pseudarthrosis were noted. Loss of correction was noted in 1 patient with unilateral C1-C2 fixation and a repeated dorsal fusion procedures were performed. A repeat procedure for implant removal and segmental release was performed in 3 patients to increase the axial rotation of the head.

Conclusions:
The C1-C2 screw-rod fixation is a safe technique that achieves solid fixation of the atlantoaxial complex in young children with various disorders. The technique preserves the joint and allows for segmental release via implant removal.
Chemical Peels as Field Therapy for Actinic Keratoses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jiang Angela J. , Soon Seaver L. , Rullan Peter , Brody Harold J. , Monheit Gary D. , Lee Kachiu C. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are a common premalignant cutaneous neoplasm and can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. A variety of treatment options are available for field therapy of diffuse AKs.

OBJECTIVE
This review systematically analyzes the use of chemical peels for treatment of AKs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of PubMed was performed searching from 1946 to March 2020 to identify the literature on chemical peels for AKs.

RESULTS
Of the 151 articles identified, 5 met inclusion criteria for review. Four of the reviewed articles demonstrated the efficacy of chemical peels in reducing AK count and minimal adverse effects. In some studies, chemical peels exhibited potential to prevent additional AK formation and development of keratinocyte carcinomas.

CONCLUSION
Chemical peels are an efficacious and affordable treatment option for field treatment of AKs. With improved patient tolerance and adherence, chemical peels are an attractive option for field therapy of AKs for both dermatologists and patients.
The Contribution of Thoracic Radiation Dose Volumes to Subsequent Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Reilly Carolyn Miller , Higgins Melinda , Butler Javed , Esiashvili Natia , Fei Baowei , Flynn Tommy , Dormer James D. , Schreibmann Eduard 
Published: July 2021

Background
Although radiation therapy (RT) has been recognized for contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unknown whether specific doses received by cardiovascular tissues influence development.

Objective
In this pilot study, we examined the contribution of RT dose distribution on the development of CVD events in patients with cancer within 5 years of RT.

Methods
A retrospective case-controlled design was used matching 28 cases receiving thoracic RT who subsequently developed an adverse CVD event with 28 controls based upon age, gender, and cancer type. Dose volume histograms of nongated computed tomography scans received during RT characterized the dose delivered to the heart. Heart chambers were segmented using an atlas approach, and radiomics features for the segmentation as well as planning dose in each chamber were tabulated for analysis.

Result
No significant differences were observed in the RT dose statistics between groups, preexisting CVD, nor significant differences of RT doses delivered to distinct chambers of the heart. Cases were found to have greater CVD risk factors at the time of cancer diagnosis. Morphological significant differences for perimeter on border (P = .043), equivalent spherical radius (P = .050), and elongation (P = .038) were observed, with preexisting CVD having the highest values (ie, larger hearts).

Conclusion
Traditional CVD risk factors were more prevalent in the cases who developed CVD. No differences were observed in doses of RT. Of note, we observed significant differences in heart morphology and mass in known diseased hearts on the pretreatment scans. These new metrics may have implications for the measurement and quantification of CVD.
The Predictive Ability of the Full and Short Versions of the Orebro Questionnaire for Absenteeism and Presenteeism Over the Subsequent 12 Months, in a Cohort of Young Community-Based Adult Workers
Authors: Beales Darren , Larsson Maria EH , O'Sullivan Peter , Straker Leon , Linton Steven J. , Smith Anne 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive ability of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ) in regard to work productivity (absenteeism and presenteeism) in early adulthood.

Methods:
A prospective study was performed using data from the Raine Study Generation 2 (Gen2) 22-year follow-up. The ÖMPSQ was completed at baseline, and absenteeism and presenteeism assessed at four intervals over the following 12 months.

Results:
In early adulthood, the full and short versions of the ÖMPSQ showed some predictive ability for work absenteeism but the Receiver Operator Characteristic demonstrated poor discrimination. There was no evidence of predictive ability for presenteeism.

Conclusion:
Further work is required to increase the fidelity of screening for risk of reduced work productivity at the population level.
Latinx Teens' Perspectives on Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Montalvo-Liendo Nora , Grogan-Kaylor Andrew , Nava Angeles , Chilton Jenifer , Pepper Catherine , Alvarado Eliza D. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Intimate partner violence is a significant public health issue facing communities across the country and worldwide, and we know that many children are witness or exposed to the violence. Substantial research related to exposure of children to family violence exists; however, research specific to adolescents exposed to intimate partner violence remains minimally explored.

Methods
This mixed-methods study sought to understand the experiences and perspectives of Latinx teens with histories of exposure to intimate partner violence. The study combined focus groups with (n = 25) Latinx teens and pretests and posttests using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Attitudes and Beliefs about Violence.

Results
Twenty-five Latinx teens participated in the groups. The participants were 13–17 years old, with a mean age of 14.3 years. Participants provided several perspectives in which teens deal with exposure to intimate partner violence. Teens stated that “safety” was identified as “protecting themselves” or “protecting their siblings.” Findings suggest a need for teens to discuss intimate partner violence issues and develop positive and effective coping strategies.

Discussions
This study sought to understand Latinx teens' experiences of their exposure to intimate partner violence. Study limitations included a small high-risk sample from a nonprofit agency located in south Texas adjacent to the U.S.–Mexico border offering services to domestic violence and sexual assault victims and their children. This study shows promise for developing an evidence-based program that is developmentally and culturally appropriate for teens exposed to family violence.
Treatment Outcome of the Bony Obliteration Tympanoplasty Versus Nonobliterative Techniques in Cholesteatoma Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: van der Toom Hylke F. E. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Metselaar Mick , van Linge Anne , Vroegop Jantien L. , Pauw Robert J. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
In cholesteatoma surgery, obliteration of the mastoid and epitympanic space (bony obliteration tympanoplasty, BOT) is an increasingly used technique with low recurrent and residual cholesteatoma rates. While factors as the postoperative hearing level and infection rate are important for the patient as well, these outcome parameters are not frequently reported on in current literature. The objective of this study is to evaluate the recurrent and residual cholesteatoma rates of the BOT technique and nonobliterative canal wall up (CWU) and canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy in a large patient cohort. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the infection rate and hearing outcome for all three techniques.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Single-center study.

Patients:
All 337 adult patients (≥18 yrs) who underwent primary or revision cholesteatoma surgery between January 2013 and March 2019 were included.

Main Outcome and Measures:
Recurrent cholesteatoma rates, residual cholesteatoma rates, postoperative infections and other complications, hearing outcome.

Results:
The estimated combined rate of recurrent and residual cholesteatoma at 5 years follow-up was 7.6% in the BOT group, 34.9% in the CWU group, and 17.9% in the CWD group. The postoperative infection rate in the different groups ranged from 4.3% to 4.9%. The median gain in AC threshold level varied from 0.0 dB in the BOT and CWD group to 3.8 dB in the CWU group.

Conclusions:
We show that cholesteatoma recurrence rates after the BOT technique in our clinic are significantly lower compared to CWU surgery. There were no differences in infection rate and no clinically relevant differences in postoperative hearing between the BOT, CWU, and CWD technique.
Higher Readmission Rates After Hip Fracture Among Patients With Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Curry Steven D. , Carotenuto Alessandro , DeLuna Devin A. , Maar Dennis J. , Huang Ye , Samson Kaeli K. , Siebler Justin C. , Hatch Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Falls in older adults are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients with vestibular disorders may have an increased risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes among patients with underlying vestibular disorders who have hip fractures and identify predictors of increased morbidity and mortality.

Study design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary care academic medical center.

Patients:
Two hundred one adults diagnosed with a vestibular disorder and hip fracture due to a ground-level fall were compared to 327 age- and sex-matched controls with fractures due to ground-level falls without vestibular diagnoses. Patients were treated between 2013 and 2019.

Main outcome measures:
Length of hospital stay, 30-day readmission rate, and 30-day mortality rate.

Results:
Thirty-day readmission rate after hip fracture was significantly increased in patients with vestibular disorders compared to matched controls (p < 0.001), odds ratio 3.12 (95% confidence interval 1.84–5.39). Reasons for readmission in the vestibular patient group included higher rates of repeat falls, infections, and recurrent vestibular symptoms. Use of medication classes associated with falls or hip fractures was not significantly different between groups, except for lower rates of antihypertensive use in the vestibular group (54.0% vs. 67.7%, p = 0.002). No significant difference was found for length of hospital stay (7.34 ± 4.95 vs. 8.14 ± 20.50 days, p = 0.51) or 30-day mortality rate (5.0% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.99). No significant differences were found between groups for age, sex, race, rate of surgical treatment for hip fracture, or disposition at discharge.

Conclusions:
Patients with vestibular disorders are at a significantly higher risk of hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge for treatment for hip fracture.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Caused by Neuro-Behçet Disease Accidentally Detected by 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Lin Meiyan , Xue Qianqian , You Xin , Yao Shaobo , Miao Weibing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 26-year-old man presented with recurrent oral ulcer, temporal headache, and blurred vision for 4 months. The giant cell arteritis was suspected, and 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT were done. There was no hypermetabolic lesion in 18F-FDG PET/CT. However, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed multiple increased FAPI uptake lesions in the cerebral venous sinus. High-resolution MR venography revealed multiple chronic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Neuro-Behçet disease was diagnosed finally. This case showed 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT may play some role in the management of neuro-Behçet disease.
A Systematic Review of Breast Reconstruction Options After Mastectomy in Massive Weight Loss Patients
Authors: Sinik Lauren , Egan Katie G. , Patel Krishna , Nazir Niaman , Butterworth James A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Given global trends in obesity and bariatric surgeries, there are an increasing number of women presenting for breast reconstruction after massive weight loss. There is a paucity of literature about breast reconstruction after mastectomy in patients with a history of massive weight loss. A literature review revealed 10 articles that discussed outcomes of different reconstruction techniques in patients with massive weight loss. Autologous reconstruction techniques and implant-based reconstruction techniques were assessed to evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, and indications of each approach specific to this unique patient population. This article provides a summary of expected outcomes, including complication profiles. Ultimately, consideration should be given for breast reconstruction of mastectomy defects in patients with a history of massive weight loss, as satisfactory results are demonstrated to be possible. Both autologous reconstruction and implant-based reconstruction present feasible options, although reconstruction in this patient population may be associated with increased need for revisions and a higher complication rate compared with patients without a history of massive weight loss. For this reason, it is imperative to appropriately manage preoperative expectations in patients with a history of massive weight loss.
Age- and Sex-Related Measurements of Total Craniofacial Soft Tissue Thickness and Fat in a Central Chinese Population
Authors: He Renke , Yang Wenxiu , Wu Di , Wang Haining 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, data related to the total soft tissue thickness and fat layer thickness of 41 anatomical landmarks were extracted from the craniofacial computerized tomography data of 280 Chinese individuals (160 males and 120 females). The measurements were assessed according to the following factors: a. sex, b. age, and c. sex × age. Descriptive statistics and a differential analysis were carried out in each group to analyze both the total soft tissue thickness and fat layer thickness. The results showed the following. 1. The results showed that the greater the total thickness of the soft tissue, the thicker the fat layer. 2. The thicknesses of the head and face soft tissues are strongly affected by sex. The total thickness of all landmark points in the men, except for the zygomatic points, was on average greater than that in the women. In contrast to the total thickness, the fat layer, except for the point of rhinion, in the women was larger than that in the men. 3. In the comparison of the 4 age groups, most feature points did not show an evident increasing or decreasing trend with age in the total thickness of the soft tissue. However, regarding the thickness of fat, the thickness at the other points, except for the feature infraorbital fossa point, decreased with age. 4. In the analysis of the sex × age group, no statistically significant differences were found at any landmark points. This paper is significant for facial reconstruction and cosmetic surgery in the Chinese population.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Clipping Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms From Cadaver Studies and Three-Dimensional Printed Models to a Clinical Case
Authors: Qin Kun , Guo Wenlong , Zheng Jiantao , Tian Ge , Jiang Hui , Tang Kai , Shu Hang , Zhou Dong , Chen Guangzhong 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm is one of the most common intracranial aneurysms, and it is also the aneurysm with the highest rupture rate. With the improvement of endoscopic techniques, it is possible to use an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to clip ACoA aneurysms. For further analysis of the EEA for clipping ACoA aneurysms, we used cadaver heads and three-dimensional (3D)-printed models to finish the anatomical study, and we finally selected 1 clinical case to complete the clipping through the EEA.

Materials and Methods:
We first collected 3 cadaver heads to simulate the EEA. Then, the imaging data of 29 real cases of ACoA aneurysm were collected, and the model of an aneurysm was prepared by 3D printing technology; then, the EEA was used to simulate the clipping of the aneurysm model. Finally, a clinical case with 2 ACoA aneurysms was selected to adopt the EEA for clipping.

Results:
Both the cadaver head and 3D-printed aneurysm model could simulate aneurysm clipping with the EEA. The clinical case of the selected ACoA aneurysm can successfully complete the clipping through the EEA.

Conclusions:
3D-printed models are a good method to study the anatomical characteristics of a surgical approach. For specially selected ACoA aneurysms, the EEA is relatively simple method that can be used to clip the aneurysm successfully. The EEA for clipping ACoA aneurysms is a useful complement to the current traditional craniotomy approaches and endovascular embolization.
Giant Deep Orbital Dermoid Cyst Presenting in Infancy
Authors: Park Kathryn S. , Ting Michelle , Dallalzadeh Liane O. , Movaghar Mansoor , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. , Liu Catherine Y. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Orbital dermoid cysts are benign choristomas that are very common in children and occur most often as a lateral or medial mass associated with the frontozygomatic or frontoethmoidal suture line. The authors present an unusual case of an occult giant deep orbital dermoid cyst in infancy that initially presented with a small, benign appearance and central upper eyelid location on clinical exam. Orbitotomy with complete excision prevented further ocular sequelae in this 11-month-old.