bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing a patient with bipolar disorder associated with COVID‐19: A case report from Qatar
Authors: Khatib Mohamad Y. , Mahgoub Omer B. , Elzain Marwa , Ahmed Amna A. , Mohamed Ahmed S. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis case highlights an atypical presentation of a patient with unknown history of mental disease who has been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder associated with severe COVID‐19 symptoms. Neuroimaging was only positive for subtle white matter changes; he was treated with antipsychotics and mood‐stabilizing agents until he reached partial remission. The authors urge clinicians to consider the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with mental illness and the urgent need for vigilant monitoring of presenting signs and symptoms.
Development and Application of Efficient Ag‐based Hydrogenation Catalysts Prepared from Rice Husk Waste
Authors: Unglaube Felix , Kreyenschulte Carsten Robert , Mejía Esteban 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of strategies for the sustainable management and valorization of agricultural waste is of outmost importance. With this in mind, we report the use of rice husk (RH) as feedstock for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. The catalysts were prepared by impregnating the milled RH with a silver nitrate solution followed by carbothermal reduction. The composition and morphology of the prepared catalysts were fully assessed by IR, AAS, ICP‐MS, XPS, XRD and STEM techniques. This novel bio‐genic silver‐based catalysts showed excellent activity and remarkable selectivity in the hydrogenation of nitro groups in both aromatic and aliphatic substrates, even in the presence of reactive functionalities like halogens, carbonyls, borate esters or nitriles. Recycling experiments showed that the catalysts can be easily recovered and reused multiple times without significant drop in performance and without requiring re‐activation.
Ball‐on‐ring test validation for equibiaxial flexural strength testing of engineered ceramics
Authors: Lupercio Adrianna E. , Moshkelgosha Ehsan , Winters Riley C. , Doyle Cayden , Mamivand Mahmood , Nelson Andrew T. , Jaques Brian J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe validation of a ball‐on‐ring, equibiaxial flexural strength method to obtain the transverse rupture strength (TRS) of right cylindrical ceramic specimens was performed in this study. Validation of the test method was achieved using commercially available engineered high purity alumina disks and finite element (FE) model analysis. The validated fixture was then used to obtain the TRS and Weibull statistical analysis of MgO‐partially stabilized zirconia (MSZ) and Y2O3‐partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic disks. TRS data for alumina, MSZ, and YSZ agreed with the TRS values reported in the literature. A statistically relevant number of samples (N > 30) for each material were tested to allow for a Weibull statistical analysis. Weibull parameters for these materials were within the expected values for engineered ceramics. The characteristic strength for alumina, MSZ, and YSZ were determined to be 289, 786, and 814 MPa, respectively. The Weibull modulus was determined between 10 and 25 for each material, which is typical of engineered ceramics. In addition, FE model results were in close agreement with experimental fracture values for the three ceramic materials tested in this study.
The Role of Early‐Career Chemists in European Policy‐Making
Authors: John Torsten , Cieślak Maciej , Vargová Denisa , Richardson Shona M. , Mougel Victor , Milić Jovana V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal societal challenges emphasize the importance of collaboration between scientists and policy‐makers, while the participation of a diverse group of professionals, including early‐career scientists, is critical towards a sustainable future. The European Young Chemists’ Network (EYCN) has been actively working with the European Chemical Society (EuChemS) to create a platform for early‐career chemists in policy advice. This article comments on the possible roles of scientists in policy‐making and provides an overview of relevant initiatives and platforms at the European level that could facilitate involvement. Opportunities for participation in policy advice from the perspective of early‐career chemists are discussed and examples of impact are provided, hoping to stimulate further discussions and engagement in policy‐making.
Effect of Manufacturing Techniques in Pressure Drop on Triple Periodical Minimal Surface Packings
Authors: Zimmer Arthur , PachecoAraújo José D. , Andreassen Kari Anne , Grande Carlos A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStructured packings are important elements to enhance mass and heat transfer in the chemical industry. New techniques of manufacturing, like 3D printing, can create completely new families of solids used for this purpose. In this work the effect of different 3D printing techniques in the manufacture of packings with triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) geometry was analyzed and the influence of different 3D printing techniques in the final properties of packings produced with TMPS topologies, both numerically and experimentally, were studied.
Taylor Bubble Study of the Influence of Fluid Dynamics on Yield and Selectivity in Fast Gas‐Liquid Reactions
Authors: Kexel Felix , von Kameke Alexandra , Tenhaus Janina , Hoffmann Marko , Schlüter Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA consecutive competitive gas‐liquid reaction is investigated using a Taylor bubble setup regarding the influence of fluid mixing in the bubble wake on yield and selectivity. The concentration fields behind a Taylor bubble are visualized and measured quantitatively with a novel time‐resolved absorption imaging technique based on Beer Lamberts law and an integral selectivity is derived. In addition, the calculation of the local selectivity, often used in numerical approaches, is discussed and the existing experimental limits for its derivation are pointed out. Finally, an increase in selectivity of a competitive consecutive reaction for enhanced mixing is experimentally confirmed.
The Conversion of Human Tissue‐Like Inflammatory Monocytes Into Macrophages
Authors: Bsat Marwa , Mehta Heena , Rubio Manuel , Sarfati Marika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClassical circulating LyC6high murine monocytes differentiate progressively from inflammatory tissue monocytes to mature macrophages (Mϕ) after entry into gut mucosa. This protocol provides a two‐step in vitro culture method that replicates the human monocyte maturation cascade. First, purified circulating CD14+CD16− monocytes exposed to granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin 23 (IL‐23) differentiate into tissue‐like inflammatory monocytes. Next, addition of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) plus interleukin 10 (IL‐10) promotes their maturation into tissue‐like Mϕ. Methods to sort these cells after culture are also provided. The fine‐tuning of this system might open therapeutic avenues for chronic inflammatory disorders. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLCThis article was corrected on 25 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of human monocytes from peripheral bloodBasic Protocol 2: First step culture for generation of inflammatory monocyte‐like cellsBasic Protocol 3: Second step culture for differentiation of inflammatory monocyte‐like cells into macrophagesAlternate Protocol: Sorting and culturing of inflammatory monocyte‐like cells
Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Disease: An Emerging Virus Disease on Cotton in the U.S.
Authors: Bag Sudeep , Roberts Phillip M. , Kemerait Robert C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 2017, symptoms of leaf crinkling, downward curling, and deformation resembling virus‐like diseases were observed in Alabama. Partial gene sequences of the virus identified as cotton leafroll dwarf virus. By 2019, the virus has been detected from all the cotton‐growing states east of Texas, suggesting its widespread presence in the Cotton Belt of the continental U.S. This article discuses the virus’s history, symptoms, diagnosis, host range, properties, and genome. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/945.
Extending the benefits of ESG disclosure: The effect on the cost of debt financing
Authors: Raimo Nicola , Caragnano Alessandra , Zito Marianna , Vitolla Filippo , Mariani Massimo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, greater attention has been paid to sustainability issues. Companies have received increasing pressure from stakeholders to adopt sustainable behavior and provide an adequate representation of sustainability practices. Nonfinancial disclosure has thus taken on a crucial role. In the academic field, several researchers have analyzed the effects of nonfinancial disclosure. However, limited attention has been paid to the impact of nonfinancial information on the cost of debt. This study aims at bridging this gap by analyzing the effect of ESG disclosure on the cost of debt. The fixed effects analysis conducted on a sample of 8264 observations (an unbalanced panel data of 919 firms for the period 2010–2019), shows a negative effect of the ESG disclosure on the cost of debt financing. The results demonstrate that companies with greater levels of transparency in the dissemination of ESG information benefit from accessing third party financial resources at better conditions.
The use of flow cytometry for fungal nuclear DNA quantification
Authors: Talhinhas Pedro , Carvalho Rita , Loureiro João 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenome size information is sparse across fungi, with information being available for less than 2000 species. So far, most records have been obtained using static, microscope‐based cytometry methods or derived from genome sequencing projects. Flow cytometry is now considered the state‐of‐the‐art method for obtaining genome size measurements, and appropriate methods and DNA standards are available, enabling the analysis of most genome size ranges in a rapid, robust and inexpensive way. The average fungal genome size is 60 Mbp, but sizes vary across phylogeny, ranging from 2.2 (Encephalitozoon romaleae) to 3706 Mbp (Jafnea semitosta). In several fungal clades, genome size expansion seems to accompany evolution either to plant mutualism or to plant parasitism (particularly biotrophy), and fungi that interact with plants seem to have larger genomes than saprobes and those that interact with animals. Whereas flow cytometry for nuclear DNA quantification is routinely employed in plant sciences for genome size and ploidy studies, its use in fungal biology is still infrequent. Appropriate standards, methods and best practices are described here, with the aim of stimulating a more generalized and widespread use of flow cytometry for fungal genome size measurement.
Invasive trees rely more on mycorrhizas, countering the ideal‐weed hypothesis
Authors: Moyano Jaime , Rodriguez‐Cabal Mariano A. , Nuñez Martin A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ideal‐weed hypothesis predicts that invasive plants should be less dependent on mutualisms. However, evidence in favor of or against this hypothesis comes mainly from observational studies. Here, we experimentally tested this hypothesis using a two‐factor greenhouse experiment, comparing the seedling growth response of different Pinus species (varying in invasiveness) to ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculation. Most species showed no response until they were 6 mo old, at which point inoculation increased growth between 10 and 260% among the different species. This growth response was higher for species with lower seed mass, higher dispersal ability, higher Z score (a proxy for invasiveness) and higher number of naturalized regions, all of which correspond to higher invasiveness. Our results show that timing is a crucial factor when comparing mycorrhizal dependency of different species. Dependence on mutualistic microorganisms could be part of a strategy in which invasive species produce smaller seeds, in greater number, which can disperse further, but where seedlings are more reliant on mycorrhizas to improve access to water, nutrients, and protection from pathogens. Our results suggest that reliance on mutualisms may enhance, rather than limit, nonnative species in their ability to spread, establish, and colonize.
Rapid evidence‐based sequencing of foundational drugs for heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Packer Milton , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFoundational therapy for heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction consists of a combination of an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor, a beta‐blocker, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and a sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. However, the conventional approach to the implementation is based on a historically‐driven sequence that is not strongly evidence‐based, typically requires ≥6 months, and frequently leads to major gaps in treatment. We propose a rapid sequencing strategy that is based on four principles. First, since drugs act rapidly to reduce morbidity and mortality, patients should be started on all four foundational treatments within 2–4 weeks. Second, since the efficacy of each foundational therapy is independent of treatment with the other drugs, priority can be determined by considerations of relative efficacy, safety and ease‐of‐use. Third, low starting doses of foundational drugs have substantial therapeutic benefits, and achievement of low doses of all four classes of drugs should take precedence over up‐titration to target doses. Fourth, since drugs can influence the tolerability of other foundational agents, sequencing can be based on whether agents started earlier can enhance the safety of agents started simultaneously or later in the sequence. We propose an accelerated three‐step approach, which consists of the simultaneous initiation of a beta‐blocker and an SGLT2 inhibitor, followed 1–2 weeks later by the initiation of sacubitril/valsartan, and 1–2 weeks later by a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. The latter two steps can be re‐ordered or compressed depending on patient circumstances. Rapid sequencing is a novel evidence‐based strategy that has the potential to dramatically improve the implementation of treatments that reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction.
Magnetism: Another Idiosyncrasy of Boron?
Authors: Vignolo Maurizio , Bovone Gianmarco , Capra Marco , Loria Federico , Bernini Cristina , Vileno Bertrand , Mager Loïc , Donnio Bertrand , Rastei Mircea V. , Gallani Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have studied the magnetic properties of various Boron particles obtained by different methods and have found evidence of soft ferromagnetism in all. While our study cannot unequivocally exclude that Boron is at the origin of the magnetism, we suggest that various impurities which are either the result of the synthetic process or come from the intentional doping of the Boron particles are indeed responsible for the observed magnetic properties. The phenomenon bears similarities with what is observed in magnetic oxides such as MgO or ZnO.
A Selective Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Cd(II) Based on a Carbon Paste Electrode Impregnated with a Novel Ion‐imprinted Hybrid Polymer
Authors: Adauto Anais , Wong Ademar , Khan Sabir , Picasso Gino , del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor María 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor (CPE‐IIHP) was developed for Cd(II) using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) impregnated with an ion‐imprinted hybrid polymer (IIHP). A CPE‐NIHP was also prepared for comparison. DPASV was used to optimize the sensor response and quantify Cd(II). The sensor presented a wide linear range from low concentrations of Cd(II): 1 to 100 μg L−1 and high concentrations of Cd(II): 2.75 to 5.0 mg L−1. Ions such as Co(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Sn(II) and Cu(II), showed no variation in the Cd(II) signal. The CPE‐IIHP was successfully applied in river and drinking water analysis, revealing the great potential for its application.
A distinct microglial subset at the tumor–stroma interface of glioma
Authors: Caponegro Michael D. , Oh Ki , Madeira Miguel M. , Radin Daniel , Sterge Nicholas , Tayyab Maryam , Moffitt Richard A. , Tsirka Stella E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in high grade gliomas (HGG) has generated significant interest in an effort to understand how neoplastic lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) are supported and to devise novel therapeutic targets. The TME of the CNS contains unique and specialized cells, including the resident myeloid cells, microglia. Myeloid involvement in HGG, such as glioblastoma, is associated with poor outcomes. Glioma‐associated microglia and infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (GAM) accumulate within the neoplastic lesion where they facilitate tumor growth and drive immunosuppression. However, it has been difficult to differentiate whether microglia and macrophages have similar or distinct roles in pathology, and if the spatial organization of these cells informs outcomes. Here, we characterize the tumor–stroma border and identify peritumoral GAM (PGAM) as a unique subpopulation of GAM. Using data mining and analyses of samples derived from both murine and human sources we show that PGAM exhibit a pro‐inflammatory and chemotactic phenotype that is associated with peripheral monocyte recruitment, and decreased overall survival. PGAM act as a unique subset of GAM at the tumor–stroma interface. We define a novel gene signature to identify these cells and suggest that PGAM constitute a cellular target of the TME.
Deubiquitinase USP18 regulates reactive astrogliosis by stabilizing SOX9
Authors: Liu Wei , Ge Xuhui , Zhou Zheng , Jiang Dongdong , Rong Yuluo , Wang Jiaxing , Ji Chengyue , Fan Jin , Yin Guoyong , Cai Weihua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReactive astrogliosis is a pathological feature of spinal cord injury (SCI). The ubiquitin‐proteasome system plays a crucial role in maintaining protein homeostasis and has been widely studied in neuroscience. Little, however, is known about the underlying function of deubiquitinating enzymes in reactive astrogliosis following SCI. Here, we found that ubiquitin‐specific protease 18 (USP18) was significantly upregulated in astrocytes following scratch injury, and in the injured spinal cord in mice. Knockdown of USP18 in vitro and conditional knockout of USP18 in astrocytes (USP18 CKO) in vivo significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis. In mice, this led to widespread inflammation and poor functional recovery following SCI. In contrast, overexpression of USP18 in mice injected with adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐USP18 had beneficial effects following SCI. We showed that USP18 binds, deubiquitinates, and thus, stabilizes SRY‐box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), thereby regulating reactive astrogliosis. We also showed that the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway induces expression of USP18 through Gli2‐mediated transcriptional activation after SCI. Administration of the Hh pathway activator SAG significantly increased reactive astrogliosis, reduced lesion area and promoted functional recovery in mice following SCI. Our results demonstrate that USP18 positively regulates reactive astrogliosis by stabilizing SOX9 and identify USP18 as a promising target for the treatment of SCI.
Representation of visual numerosity information during working memory in humans: An fMRI decoding study
Authors: Pennock Ian Morgan Leo , Schmidt Timo Torsten , Zorbek Dilara , Blankenburg Felix 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoth animal and human studies on numerosity have shown the importance of the parietal cortex for numerosity processing. However, most studies have focused on the perceptual processing of numerosity. Still, it is unclear how and where numerosity information is coded when this information is retained during a working memory delay phase. Such temporal storage could be realized by the same structures as perceptual processes, or be transformed to a more abstract representation, potentially involving prefrontal regions. FMRI decoding studies allow the identification of brain areas that exhibit multi‐voxel activation patterns specific to the content of working memory. Here, we used an assumption‐free searchlight‐decoding approach to test where numerosity‐specific codes can be found during a 12 s retention period. Participants (n = 24) performed a retro‐cue delayed match‐to‐sample task, in which numerosity information was presented as visual dot arrays. We found mnemonic numerosity‐specific activation in the right lateral portion of the intraparietal sulcus; an area well‐known for perceptual processing of numerosity. The applied retro‐cue design dissociated working memory delay activity from perceptual processes and showed that the intraparietal sulcus also maintained working memory representation independent of perception.
Forecasting volatility of crude oil futures using a GARCH–RNN hybrid approach
Authors: Verma Sauraj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVolatility is an important element for various financial instruments owing to its ability to measure the risk and reward value of a given financial asset. Owing to its importance, forecasting volatility has become a critical task in financial forecasting. In this paper, we propose a suite of hybrid models for forecasting volatility of crude oil under different forecasting horizons. Specifically, we combine the parameters of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and Glosten–Jagannathan–Runkle (GJR)‐GARCH with long short‐term memory (LSTM) to create three new forecasting models named GARCH–LSTM, GJR‐LSTM, and GARCH‐GJRGARCH LSTM in order to forecast crude oil volatility of West Texas Intermediate on different forecasting horizons and compare their performance with the classical volatility forecasting models. Specifically, we compare the performances against existing methodologies of forecasting volatility such as GARCH and found that the proposed hybrid models improve upon the forecasting accuracy of Crude Oil: West Texas Intermediate under various forecasting horizons and perform better than GARCH and GJR‐GARCH, with GG–LSTM performing the best of the three proposed models at 7‐, 14‐, and 21‐day‐ahead forecasts in terms of heteroscedasticity‐adjusted mean square error and heteroscedasticity‐adjusted mean absolute error, with significance testing conducted through the model confidence set showing that GG–LSTM is a strong contender for forecasting crude oil volatility under different forecasting regimes and rolling‐window schemes. The contribution of the paper is that it enhances the forecasting ability of crude oil futures volatility, which is essential for trading, hedging, and purposes of arbitrage, and that the proposed model dwells upon existing literature and enhances the forecasting accuracy of crude oil volatility by fusing a neural network model with multiple econometric models.
Enterprise knowledge graphs with applications to continuous monitoring systems
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryContinuous monitoring systems generate continuous business intelligence by gathering text from a range of sources and typically storing that text information using snippets of text. Further, continuous monitoring systems derive information from those snippets, such as sentiment and new concepts emerging in the text, beyond the existing ontology and dictionaries. However, it is difficult for users to gather much additional information from large quantities of text snippets. As a result, this paper investigates introducing the notion of “knowledge graphs” into such systems and analyzes some of the potential applications and capabilities in business intelligence settings. As part of that analysis, this paper extends current‐generation continuous monitoring systems to include knowledge graphs.