bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Effect of Teriparatide on Areal Bone Mineral Density in Young Women with Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study
Authors: Milos Gabriella , Moergeli Hanspeter , Sob Cynthia , Wisler Doris , Wasila Mariusz , Uebelhart Daniel , Frey Diana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present pilot study investigated the effect of Teriparatide 1–34 rh-PTH (TPT) in young women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), and markedly compromised Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Patients were included who had (i) very low BMD (defined as Z-Score <  − 2.5 or T-Score <  − 2.5 if available) in at least one of the assessed localizations (lumbar spine L1–L4, total hip, femoral neck) without any previous fragility fracture; or (ii) low bone mineral density (defined as Z-Score <  − 1.5 or T-Score <  − 1.5 if available) in at least one of the assessed localizations (lumbar spine L1–L4, total hip, femoral neck) and at least one previous fragility fracture. Ten patients with an age range of 21–33 were recruited and their bone outcome was assessed after 12, 18, and 24 months. After 24 months of TPT treatment, BMD improved by 13.5% in the spine, 5.0% in the femoral neck, and 4.0% in the hip. Radius cortical bone density (− 2.6%) and radius cortical thickness (− 6.4%) decreased significantly, while in tibia there was no significant decrease. Neither in radius nor in tibia a significant change in trabecular bone parameters occurred. During the treatment, the patients’ body weight did not increase significantly. Patients did not experience severe adverse events; only mild side effects were observed. Although these results emerged from a single-arm prospective study, it seems that AN patients with a severely compromised bone situation can benefit from TPT. Larger studies are needed to ascertain the effect of this promising substance.
Ocean currents as a potential dispersal pathway for Antarctica’s most persistent non-native terrestrial insect
Authors: Bartlett Jesamine C. , Convey P. , Hughes K. A. , Thorpe S. E. , Hayward S. A. L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe non-native midgeEretmoptera murphyiis Antarctica’s most persistent non-native insect and is known to impact the terrestrial ecosystems. It inhabits by considerably increasing litter turnover and availability of soil nutrients. The midge was introduced to Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, from its native South Georgia, and routes of dispersal to date have been aided by human activities, with little known about non-human-assisted methods of dispersal. This study is the first to determine the potential for dispersal of a terrestrial invertebrate species in Antarctica by combining physiological sea water tolerance data with quantitative assessments of ocean current journey times. Fourth instar larvae tolerated sea water submergence for up to 21 days, but submerged egg sacs had significantly reduced hatching success. Using near-surface drifter data, we conclude that ocean current dispersal from Signy Island would not present a risk of species transfer beyond the South Orkney Islands on the tested timescales. However, ifE. murphyiwere to be introduced to the South Shetlands Islands or Adelaide Island, which are located offshore of the Antarctic Peninsula, there would be a risk of successful oceanic dispersal to neighbouring islands and the Antarctic Peninsula mainland. This study emphasises the need for effective biosecurity measures and demonstrates the role that currently undocumented pathways may have in dispersing non-native species.
The impact of upstream turbulence on a plane jet
Authors: Kamruzzaman Md , Rømcke Olav , Hearst R. Jason 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The influence of upstream turbulence on the flow produced by a plane jet is investigated experimentally with hot-wire anemometry and smoke flow visualisation. An innovative active grid, where each wing can be independently controlled, is used to change the upstream turbulence conditions. Three cases are investigated: a canonical reference case, a case with the same integral scale as the reference case but an order of magnitude increase in turbulence intensity, and a case with both an order of magnitude increase in turbulence intensity and an order of magnitude increase in integral scale compared to the reference case. It is demonstrated that the wake width increases with turbulence intensity, but decreases with integral scale for constant turbulence intensity. In addition, the positional variability of the wake width is highest with high turbulence intensity and a short integral scale. Along the jet centreline, the potential core region is shorter with elevated upstream turbulence intensity; this is reflected in both the mean velocity and the variance. The decay of the centreline mean velocity is also retarded by incoming turbulence. In all, increased incoming turbulence results in increased jet spreading, and a shorter integral scale further increases the spreading.

Graphic abstract
Feasibility of skin-friction field measurements in a transonic wind tunnel using a global luminescent oil film
Authors: Costantini Marco , Lee Taekjin , Nonomura Taku , Asai Keisuke , Klein Christian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The feasibility of skin-friction field measurements using the global luminescent oil-film skin-friction field estimation method was evaluated for a challenging case of a supercritical airfoil model under transonic wind-tunnel conditions (freestream Mach number of 0.72) at a high Reynolds number (10 million, based on the model chord length). The oil-film thickness and skin-friction coefficient distributions were estimated over the airfoil model upper surface for a range of angles of attack (from $$-0.4^{\circ }$$

-
0
.

4
∘

to $$2.0^{\circ }$$

2
.

0
∘

), thus enabling the study of different boundary-layer stability situations with laminar–turbulent transition, including cases with shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction. Conventional pressure measurements on the surface and in the wake of the model as well as Schlieren flow visualizations were conducted to support the oil-film based investigations. In the laminar-flow regions, the oil-film thickness could be generally kept below the critical limit of roughness that would induce premature boundary-layer transition. The skin friction in this region could be estimated with a moderate confidence level, as confirmed for portions of the chord by the reasonable agreement with numerical data obtained via laminar boundary-layer computations. Moreover, the location of transition onset was evaluated from the skin-friction estimations with relatively low uncertainty, thus enabling the examination of the transition location evolution with varying angle of attack. The estimated locations of transition onset were shown to be in general agreement with reference transition locations measured via temperature-sensitive paint. On the other hand, the oil-film thickness in the turbulent-flow regions was larger than the height of the viscous sublayer, which led to an hydraulically rough surface with increased skin friction, as compared to the clean configuration. For this reason, quantitative skin-friction estimations were not feasible in the turbulent-flow regions. The global effects of the oil-film setup on the flow around the airfoil were evaluated from the estimations of the aerodynamic coefficients. In particular, it was shown that the presence of the specific base coat used for the application of the oil film already induced a significant increase in airfoil drag, as compared to the clean configuration, whereas a thin oil film led to negligible or small additional increases in drag. Based on the present observations, considerations for the further improvement of the global luminescent oil-film skin-friction field estimation method in transonic flow experiments at high Reynolds numbers are elucidated.

Graphic abstract
Extreme sea levels along coastal China: uncertainties and implications
Authors: Fang Jiayi , Wahl Thomas , Zhang Qiang , Muis Sanne , Hu Pan , Fang Jian , Du Shiqiang , Dou Tingfeng , Shi Peijun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtreme sea levels (ESLs) due to typhoon-induced storm surge threaten the societal security of densely populated coastal China. Uncertainty in extreme value analysis (EVA) for ESL estimation has large implications for coastal communities’ adaptation to natural hazards. Here we evaluate uncertainties in ESL estimation and relevant driving factors based on hourly observations from 13 tide gauge stations and a complementary dataset derived from a hydrodynamic model. Results indicate significant uncertainties in ESL estimations stemming from using different EVA methods, which then propagate to the inundation assessment. Amplification factors due to sea-level rise (SLR) are highly sensitive to local relative SLR and the shape of the exceedance probability curve, which in turn depends on the selected EVA method. The hydrodynamic model hindcast indicates that high ESLs mainly occurred in eastern coastal China due to typhoon-induced storm surge. Larger uncertainties in the modelled ESLs are found for the coasts of the Yangtze River Delta, and particularly in the river mouth region. Future research and adaptation planning should prioritize these regions given expected future rising sea level, compound flood events, and human-induced factors (e.g. subsidence). This study provides theoretical and practical references for adaptation to ESL-related hazards along coastal China, with implications for coastal regions worldwide.
Explicit form of yield conditions dual to a class of dissipation potentials dependent on three invariants
Authors: Szwed Aleksander , Kamińska Inez 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the paper, a pragmatic approach to finding the dual formulation for isotropic perfectly plastic materials given a dissipation potential dependent on three cylindrical invariants and involving the Ottosen shape function is proposed and illustrated by examples. The main goal is to provide instructions on how to perform the Legendre transformation used when passing from a dissipation potential to its conjugate yield condition and offer some suggestions regarding calibration for particular potentials dependent on the trace of the strain rate tensor and the product of the norm of its deviator and the Ottosen shape function, which covers a wide class of engineering materials. The classic framework for constitutive modelling of thermodynamically consistent materials within the small deformation theory is used. First, general formulae connecting a dissipation potential dependent on three invariants of the strain rate tensor to the coupled yield condition are derived. Then, they are narrowed down for the aforementioned case of dissipation functions dependent on the Lode angle in a way proposed by Ottosen. Finally, three examples are given involving classical potentials: Beltrami’s, Drucker–Prager’s and Mises–Schleicher’s generalised potential using the shape function. Detailed calculations exposing the introduced technique are performed. Also, a method of the calibration of such potentials leading to explicit mathematical formulae is demonstrated, based on the typical tests located on the tension and compression meridians.
TableRobot: an automatic annotation method for heterogeneous tables
Authors: Wu Guibin , Zhou Junjie , Xiong Yongping , Zhou Chaoyi , Li Chong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing deep learning networks to recognize the table attracts lots of attention. However, due to the lack of high-quality table datasets, the performance of using deep learning networks is limited. Therefore, TableRobot has been proposed, an automatic annotation method for heterogeneous tables. To be more specific, the annotations of table consist of the coordinates of the item block and the mapping relationship between item blocks and table cells. In order to transform the task, we successfully design an algorithm based on the greedy approach to find the optimum solution. To evaluate the performance of TableRobot, we check the annotation data of 3000 tables collected from the LaTex documents in arXiv.com, and the result shows that TableRobot can generate table annotation datasets with the accuracy of 93.2%. Besides, the table annotation data is feed into GraphTSR which is a state-of-the-art table recognition graph neural network, and the F1 value of the network has increased by nearly 10% compared with before.
Diversity analysis of thermophilic hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophs by carbon monoxide dehydrogenase amplicon sequencing using new primers
Authors: Omae Kimiho , Oguro Tatsuki , Inoue Masao , Fukuyama Yuto , Yoshida Takashi , Sako Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe microbial H2-producing (hydrogenogenic) carbon monoxide (CO)-oxidizing activity by the membrane-associated CO dehydrogenase (CODH)/energy-converting hydrogenase (ECH) complex is an important metabolic process in the microbial community. However, the studies on hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophs had to rely on inherently cultivation and isolation methods due to their rare abundance, which was a bottleneck in ecological study. Here, we provided gene-targeted sequencing method for the diversity estimation of thermophilic hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophs. We designed six new degenerate primer pairs which effectively amplified the coding regions of CODH genes forming gene clusters with ECH genes (CODHech genes) in Firmicutes which includes major thermophilic hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophs in terrestrial thermal habitats. Amplicon sequencing by these primers using DNAs from terrestrial hydrothermal sediments and CO-gas-incubated samples specifically detected multiple CODH genes which were identical or phylogenetically related to the CODHech genes in Firmictes. Furthermore, we found that phylogenetically distinct CODHech genes were enriched in CO-gas-incubated samples, suggesting that our primers detected uncultured hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophs as well. The new CODH-targeted primers provided us with a fine-grained (~ 97.9% in nucleotide sequence identity) diversity analysis of thermophilic hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophs by amplicon sequencing and will bolster the ecological study of these microorganisms.
Challenging situations in cholecystectomy and strategies to overcome them
Authors: Függer Reinhold 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Background
Cholecystectomy may be difficult and hazardous, causing major morbidity and mortality. This review aims to identify situations increasing the probability of difficult gallbladders and present today’s best practice to overcome them.

Methods
Review of the literature and expert comment.

Results
One in six gallbladders is expected to be a difficult cholecystectomy. The majority can be predicted by patient history, clinical symptoms, and pre-existing comorbidities. Acute cholecystitis, mild biliary pancreatitis, prior endoscopic sphincterotomy, and liver cirrhosis are the predominant underlying diseases. Early or delayed cholecystectomy, percutaneous cholecystostomy, and pure conservative treatment are evidence-based options. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is of advantage in patients fit for surgery, with subtotal cholecystectomy or conversion to open surgery as bail-out strategies. The choice of the procedure depends on the experience of the surgeon.

Conclusion
Clinical decisions should follow a pathway based on patients’ risk, favoring laparoscopic cholecystectomy whenever possible. The implementation of an institutional pathway to deal with difficult gallbladders is recommended.
Triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers found by mammography screening show excellent prognosis
Authors: Alanko Johanna , Tanner Minna , Vanninen Ritva , Auvinen Anssi , Isola Jorma 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Our purpose was to explore the prognosis of aggressive breast cancers of the HER2 oncogene amplification (HER2 +) and triple-negative (TN) subtypes detected by screening, as well as the prognosis of interval cancers (clinically due to symptoms between screening rounds) and cancers in screening nonparticipants.

Methods
The study population comprised of 823 breast cancers in women aged 50–69 years from 2006–2014. Of these, 572 were found by screening mammography (69%), 170 were diagnosed between the screening rounds (21%), and 81 were diagnosed in women who did not participate in the screening program (10%).

Results
The majority of all HER2 + (59%) and TN cancers (57%) in this age group were detected by screening. Screen-detected HER2 + tumors were small (median 12 mm), and node-negative (84%). During a median follow-up of eight years, the distant disease-free survival of screen-detected HER2 + and TN cancers was better than that of interval and nonparticipant cancers (age-adjusted HR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–0.81 and HR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.79, respectively). In nonparticipants, the distant disease-free survival of these cancers was worse than in participants (age-adjusted HR = 2.52, 95% CI 0.63–10.11 and HR = 5.30, 95% 1.16–24.29, respectively).

Conclusion
In the 50–69 age group, the majority of HER2 + and TN cancers can be found by a quality assured population-based mammography screening. Despite their generally aggressive behavior, after a median follow-up of 8 years, distant disease-free survival was over 90% of these cancers detected by screening. The worst prognosis of these cancers was in women who did not participate in screening.
FOXA1 is a determinant of drug resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Kumar Uttom , Ardasheva Anastasia , Mahmud Zimam , Coombes R. Charles , Yagüe Ernesto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women. Five subtypes of breast cancer differ in their genetic expression profiles and carry different prognostic values, with no treatments available for some types, such as triple-negative, due to the absence of genetic signatures that could otherwise be targeted by molecular therapies. Although endocrine treatments are largely successful for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancers, a significant proportion of patients with metastatic tumors fail to respond and acquire resistance to therapy. FOXA1 overexpression mediates endocrine therapy resistance in ER-positive breast cancer, although the regulation of chemotherapy response by FOXA1 has not been addressed previously. FOXA1, together with EP300 and RUNX1, regulates the expression of E-cadherin, and is expressed in luminal, but absent in triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers. We have previously determined that EP300 regulates drug resistance and tumor initiation capabilities in breast cancer cells.

Methods
Here we describe the generation of breast cancer cell models in which FOXA1 expression has been modulated either by expression of hairpins targeting FOXA1 mRNA or overexpression plasmids.

Results
Upon FOXA1 knockdown in luminal MCF-7 and T47D cells, we found an increase in doxorubicin and paclitaxel sensitivity as well as a decrease in anchorage independence. Conversely, upregulation of FOXA1 in basal-like MDA-MB-231 cells led to an increase in drug resistance and anchorage independence.

Conclusion
Together, these data suggest that FOXA1 plays a role in making tumors more aggressive.
Energy investment and motivation: The additive impact of task demand and reward value on exerted force in hand grip tasks
Authors: Stanek Joséphine C. , Richter Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccording to motivational intensity theory, individuals are motivated to conserve energy when pursuing goals. They should invest only the energy required for success and disengage if success is not important enough to justify the required energy. We tested this hypothesis in five experiments assessing exerted muscle force in isometric hand grip tasks as indicator of energy investment. Our results provided mixed evidence for motivational intensity theory. Corroborating its predictions, energy investment was a function of task demand. However, we did not find evidence for the predicted disengagement, and we observed that participants exerted in most conditions more force than required. Furthermore, the data could be better explained by a model that predicted an additive effect of task demand and success importance than by models drawing on motivational intensity theory’s predictions. These results illustrate the strong link between energy investment and task demand but challenge motivational intensity theory’s primacy of energy conservation.
Integrating genetics with newborn metabolomics in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Authors: Fadista João , Skotte Line , Courraud Julie , Geller Frank , Gørtz Sanne , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads , Cohen Arieh S. , Feenstra Bjarke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is caused by hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter muscle.

Objectives
Since previous reports have implicated lipid metabolism, we aimed to (1) investigate associations between IHPS and a wide array of lipid-related metabolites in newborns, and (2) address whether detected differences in metabolite levels were likely to be driven by genetic differences between IHPS cases and controls or by differences in early life feeding patterns.

Methods
We used population-based random selection of IHPS cases and controls born in Denmark between 1997 and 2014. We randomly took dried blood spots of newborns from 267 pairs of IHPS cases and controls matched by sex and day of birth. We used a mixed-effects linear regression model to evaluate associations between 148 metabolites and IHPS in a matched case–control design.

Results
The phosphatidylcholine PC(38:4) showed significantly lower levels in IHPS cases (P = 4.68 × 10−8) as did six other correlated metabolites (four phosphatidylcholines, acylcarnitine AC(2:0), and histidine). Associations were driven by 98 case–control pairs born before 2009, when median age at sampling was 6 days. No association was seen in 169 pairs born in 2009 or later, when median age at sampling was 2 days. More IHPS cases than controls had a diagnosis for neonatal difficulty in feeding at breast (P = 6.15 × 10−3). Genetic variants known to be associated with PC(38:4) levels did not associate with IHPS.

Conclusions
We detected lower levels of certain metabolites in IHPS, possibly reflecting different feeding patterns in the first days of life.