bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungi associated with the blighted leaf symptoms of Hevea brasiliensis in Malaysia
Authors: Sharifah Aliya Syed Sagaff , Nusaibah Syd Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article describes the fungi isolated from the blighted leaf of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) tree in Malaysia. Previously, Neofusicoccum ribis (Family Botryosphaeriaceae) was reported as the causal agent of rubber leaf blight in Malaysia. To date, there are limited studies on this particular disease in Malaysia and worldwide. The current study was carried out on rubber leaves displaying leaf blight symptoms caused by N. ribis from different locations to discover the fungi that reside in the blighted leaves. Rubber leaf samples with blight symptoms were collected from two different locations in Malaysia. The fungal isolates were isolated following the agar plate method and subjected to cultural and morphological characterization. Based on the cultural and morphological characterization, eight fungal isolates were further subjected to molecular identification. Five fungal isolates namely SBI, SB2, SB3, SB6 and SPKT1 were identified as N. ribis, one fungus (SB4) as Diaporthe drenthii, and another two fungi namely SB5 and SPKT2 were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. Based on the morphological and molecular identification, all the N. ribis isolates demonstrated similar characteristics of the rubber leaf blight pathogen as documented in a previous study.
From history of science to history of knowledge? Themes and perspectives in colonial Australasia
Authors: Beattie James , Morgan Ruth A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis overview article presents some of the main approaches to histories of colonial science in Australasia as well as suggesting future areas of research. Given the plurality of knowledge systems in the colonial period, we argue that a framework defined by history of knowledge, rather than history of science, better reflects the realities of colonial Australasia and opens up opportunities for fresh and innovative scholarship. A ‘history of knowledge systems’ approach, we contend, has the potential to free the study of non‐Western knowledge systems from normative approaches that define other systems only in relation to Western science. A history of knowledge approach, we believe, enables scholars to explore the complex ways in which knowledge‐making in colonial Australasia arose from both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous traditions, perspectives and practices.
Genome editing efficiency of four Drosophila suzukii endogenous U6 promoters
Authors: Ni X.‐y. , Lu W.‐j. , Qiao X. , Huang J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe invasive spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) has caused serious economic losses to the fruit industry. The conventional control methods have many limitations and genetic engineering technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene drive are promising approaches. In the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the transcriptional regulatory elements play an important role in the activities of gRNA. Thus, in order to improve the genome editing efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in D. suzukii, we cloned and tested four endogenous U6 promoters to drive mutagenesis of the white gene. Our results showed that all the four promoters could be used with variable efficiency. The promoter DsU6‐3 had the highest genome editing efficiency among the four DsU6 promoters. Compared with the DsU6‐3 promoter, the DmU6:3 promoter showed lower efficiency to drive mutagenesis in D. suzukii. These findings expand the range of promoters available to express gRNAs in D. suzukii, facilitating the basic and applied research on this important pest.
Black Lives Matter: A perspective from three Black information systems scholars
Authors: Payton Fay Cobb , Yarger Lynette , Mbarika Victor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProfessional computing organisations, including the ACM, IEEE and INFORMS published statements supporting Black Lives Matter during the 2020 racial unrest in the United States. While the voices of these professional organisations are echoed from positions of power, the concerns of Black IS professors are silenced. In this opinion piece, we centre on the voices of Black professors who seek to thrive in an IS field where they are woefully underrepresented, tokenized, isolated, marginalised and excluded from positions of power. Building on the Black Lives Matter movement's momentum, we offer critical insights about our lived experiences and examine pertinent issues. These issues include systemic racism in the ivory tower and the performative nature of diversity work in the academy. In direct response to the Help the Association of Information Systems (AIS) Build a System that Provides Equality for All, we offer an inclusive framework for promoting transparency, justification, compliance and enforcement of the AIS's action plan for widening participation in IS.
A matter of size: the population structure of the smallest known living shark, Etmopterus perryi (Springer & Burgess, 1985), from deep waters off the Colombian Caribbean coast
Authors: Paramo Jorge , Wiff Rodrigo , González Rina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe dwarf lanternshark (Etmopterus perryi) is the smallest known described shark, and practically no information has been available on this species since first described in the mid‐1980s. Therefore, the aim of this work is to describe, for the first time, the population structure regarding dwarf lanternshark in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. During deep‐water research surveys conducted along the Colombian Caribbean coast, 87 stations were sampled using the swept area method. A total of 153 dwarf lanternshark individuals were caught in depths ranging from 230 to 530 m. This information was used to describe the size structures, morphological measurements including length‐at‐weight relationship, length at maturity in females and the spatial distribution of mean length and biomass of the species. The lengths of individuals ranged from 78.02 to 289.00 mm total length (TL), which is a new record of maximum length for this species. The spatial distribution of mean lengths and biomass distributions show high abundances and high relative mean lengths in the northeast area off Santa Marta and the area northwest of Riohacha. The mean biomass density in the whole prospected area was 5.52 kg km−2. Length at 50% maturity in females was estimated in 203 mm TL (95% C.I.: 190–214 mm). Deep‐water elasmobranch species, such as the dwarf lantern shark, are expected to show extremely low resilience to fishing exploitation, even when they are not targeted by commercial fishing. Therefore, the information reported in this study can serve as a baseline upon which management measurements can be proposed for the conservation of this shark species.
Production of green banana powder using foam‐mat drying as influenced by drying air temperature: Experimental and 3D numerical study
Authors: Kamali Reza , Dadashi Saeed , Dehghannya Jalal , Ghaffari Hossein 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheoretical modeling helps predict a drying system's behavior to analyze mass and heat transfer in actual drying conditions. This research sought to simulate transfer phenomena during foam‐mat drying of unripe banana pulp. The impact of drying air temperature were investigated on some physicochemical features of the final powder. An increase in the temperature raised the drying rate, water‐solubility index, and total color difference. The results showed that the distribution of moisture in the foam dried at 60°C was more uniform compared to 50 and 70°C. The uniform distributions of moisture and temperature in the process improved the final powder quality. The powder morphology analyzed with the field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that increasing the temperature resulted in a smoother surface and lower wrinkling in the powders. The glass transition temperature was maximized at 62.62°C at drying air temperature of 60°C.Practical ApplicationsFoam‐mat drying could be used to dry a wide range of foods, including vegetables, milk, fruits, and juices. Unripe banana (UB) powder produced by this method, which contains high resistant starch can be used as a fiber source with prebiotic capacity in bakery and confectionery industry to make functional products such as functional cake. Products produced or enriched with UB flour has shown suitable starch digestion properties, and therefore, could be considered a nutritional alternative for people with obesity and diabetes problems. Moreover, resistant starch, due to its therapeutic effects on the large intestine can be useful for various gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, for example, constipation.
Hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy using transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: The role of multichannel abdominal PORT and vaginal support ring
Authors: Zhang Junji , Dai Yi , Leng Jinhua , Zhu Lan , Lang Jinghe , Sun Dawei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is gaining importance, knowledge on transvaginal NOTES procedures in gynecologic practice is limited.ObjectiveWe aimed at evaluating the feasibility and safety of performing hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy (or bilateral salpingectomy) via transvaginal NOTES using a self‐developed multichannel abdominal port and vaginal support ring.Study DesignA prospective, single‐center, cohort pilot study was conducted from May to December 2017 in patients with benign uterine diseases or endometrial atypical hyperplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 30) scheduled for laparoscopic hysterectomy. The procedure was performed using a self‐developed five‐channel port and a vaginal support ring.ResultsHysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy (or bilateral salpingectomy) in all 30 cases (mean age: 51.43 ± 4.60 years and body mass index: 23.42 ± 1.45 kg/m2) were successfully performed completely under transvaginal NOTES. Mean operation time was 95.90 ± 14.60 minutes and mean blood loss during the procedure was 52.50 ± 19.20 mL. Average weight of specimen was 79.97 ± 35.48 g. Only one complication of bladder injury was noted and was rectified accordingly. Visual Analog Score (VAS) at first day after operation was 2.70 ± 0.72. After follow‐up for 4.50 ± 1.85 months, all the patients' vaginal stump healed well without scar formation.ConclusionOur study showed that use of multichannel abdominal port could make laparoscopic instruments easier to fix and operate wherein the vaginal support ring reduces the leakage of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. There was no scar on the abdomen and VAS was much lower. This study also demonstrated cosmetic benefits and rapid postoperative recovery.
Clinical management of chemotherapy for elderly gynecological cancer patients
Authors: Yoshida Yoshio , Inoue Daisuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimSince there are no established guidelines for the treatment of gynecological cancer in the elderly, medical treatment policy is currently decided by discussion with patients and their families based on doctors' experiences, referring to data from nonelderly patients and healthy elderly patients. The aim of this review was to clarify the current position of chemotherapy for elderly gynecological cancer patients and discuss the problems to be addressed in the future.MethodsLittle evidence has been accumulated for anticancer drug treatment in elderly individuals with gynecological cancer. This review presents outlines and representative papers on general cancer chemotherapy for the elderly, and problems that need to be solved in gynecological cancer fields in the future are identified.ResultsIn 2018, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) published guidelines for “Practical Assessment and Management of Vulnerabilities in Older Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: ASCO Guideline for Geriatric Oncology Summary”. This guideline emphasizes that, when administering chemotherapy to patients over 65 years of age, vulnerabilities should be identified using geriatric assessment (GA). However, there have been no reports of clinical studies using GA in patients with cervical or uterine cancers, and only a few clinical studies using GA have been reported in patients with ovarian cancer.ConclusionsScoring systems suitable for elderly Japanese patients remain lacking. A Japanese gynecological GA needs to be developed in cooperation with other disciplines.
First report of bacterial canker of fig trees caused byBrenneria nigrifluens
Authors: Basavand Esmaeil , Khodaygan Pejman , Rahimian Heshmat , Doonan James M. , Pakdin‐Parizi Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCommon fig (Ficus carica) is an important food crop worldwide. A canker disease was observed on common fig trees in the Kerman province, Iran, during 2016–2019. Symptoms included weak trees, brown to black lesions and canker formation on the trunks accompanied by exudation of black sap. A putative pathogen was isolated from infected tissues and characterized using a combination of phenotypic and biochemical tests, pathogenicity assays and molecular tests. On the basis of the colony morphology, biochemical features, molecular data obtained from specific primers and sequence analysis of five genes (16S rRNA,rpoB,gyrB,atpd,andinfB), the putative pathogen was identified asBrenneria nigrifluens. Pathogenicity of the bacterial isolates was tested by inoculating one‐year‐old fig seedlings with a bacterial suspension containing 107 CFU/ml under greenhouse condition. Thirty days after inoculation, no external cankers were observed on inoculated seedlings, but small necrotic lesions appeared on the bark around the inoculation sites, as well as brown necrotic streaks in internal wood. To fulfil Koch's postulates, the pathogen was re‐isolated from lesions on inoculated fig seedlings and confirmed asB. nigrifluens. Bacterial canker caused byPectobacteriaceaemembers such asBrenneriahas led to major economic losses in different trees including walnut, artichoke and Japanese plum around the world. To our knowledge, this is the first report ofB. nigrifluenson common fig globally.
State health disparities research in Rural America: Gaps and future directions in an era of COVID‐19
Authors: Cacari Stone Lisa , Roary Mary C. , Diana Augusto , Grady Patricia A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeIn an era of the COVID‐19 pandemic, improving health outcomes for diverse rural communities requires collective and sustained actions across transdisciplinary researchers, intersectoral partners, multilevel government action, and authentic engagement with those who carry the burden—rural communities.MethodsDrawing from an analysis of transcriptions and documents from a national workshop on the “State of Rural Health Disparities: Research Gaps and Recommendations,” this brief report underscores the gaps and priorities for future strategies for tackling persistent rural health inequities.FindingsFour overarching recommendations were provided by national thought leaders in rural health: (1) create mechanisms to allow the rural research community time to build sustainable community‐based participatory relationships; (2) support innovative research designs and approaches relevant to rural settings; (3) sustain effective interventions relevant to unique challenges in rural areas; and (4) recognize and identify the diversity within and across rural populations and adapt culturally and language‐appropriate approaches.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 public health crisis has exacerbated disparities for rural communities and underscored the need for diverse community‐centered approaches in health research and dedicated funding to rural service agencies and populations.
Common dolphins form unexpected strong social bonds: insights into social plasticity of delphinids
Authors: Mason Suzanne , Salgado Kent Chandra , Bilgmann Kerstin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen a social species inhabits disparate environments with different requirements, it presents an ideal study framework for investigating plasticity in social structure. Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) are wide‐ranging offshore delphinids that generally form societies with fission‐fusion dynamics within large schools and exhibit weak social bonds. In Port Phillip, southeastern Australia, common dolphins of the same species are, against expectations, resident to an embayment. Residency in this species provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether their social structure resembles that of their offshore conspecifics with weak social bonds, or whether bay living leads to stronger social bonds. We investigated the social structure of 12 resident adult common dolphins, between 2007 and 2014, in Port Phillip. Network analyses revealed nonrandom associations and several strong bonds, a social structure unusual for this species. The study shows that the social structure of a wide‐ranging gregarious species in Port Phillip reflects the requirements of a confined environment with limited but predictable resources. Their social structure in the bay resembles that of inshore delphinids, rather than of its own species. Our study highlights the extreme plasticity in social structure that common dolphins are capable of and the importance of the environment for social bonds.
Role of head‐of‐bed elevation in preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia bed elevation and pneumonia
Authors: Güner Canan Kaş , Kutlutürkan Sevinç 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundElevating the head of bed (HOB) to 30° to 45° is an evidence‐based recommendation to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). However, the available scientific data are inconclusive regarding the optimal degree of HOB elevation which is safe and effective for mechanically ventilated patients.Aims and objectivesTo investigate the impact a of semirecumbent position at 30° and 45°on the development of VAP as compared with aHOB elevation to <30°.MethodsA 5‐day, single centre, prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel group, three‐arm study was conducted in adult patients on mechanical ventilation staying in the intensive care unit. Patients were randomly placed in <30°, 30°, or 45° HOB elevation position on the day of intubation and followed up for 5 days. They were assessed in terms of the development of microbiologically confirmed VAP (by the culture of endotracheal aspirate) over the study period.ResultsSixty patients (20 in each arm) completed the study. VAP occurred in 55%, 25%, and 20% of patients in the HOB elevation to <30°, 30°, and 45°study arms, respectively. The frequency of VAP was significantly lower in the 45° compared with the <30° study arm (P = .022); there were no significant differences between the <30° and 30° as well as the 45° and 30° study groups. Unlike the frequency of VAP, the timing of the VAP (early or late) was not dependent on the degree of HOB elevation (P = .703).ConclusionsKeeping the mechanically ventilated patients in a semirecumbent position as close to 45°as possible should be the goal to prevent the development of VAP. The backrest elevation <30° should be avoided unless medically indicated.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study results reaffirm the crucial role of patient positioning, an essential nursing care intervention, in preventing VAP. Intensive care nurses can contribute to improving the VAP rates and outcomes by placing and keeping the patients in the correct position.
The double gender bias in parental kidney donation among Muslim Arab patients
Authors: Tarabeih Mahdi , Bokek‐Cohen Ya'arit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious studies showed that it is usually the mother who agrees to donate her kidney to a child with an end‐stage renal disease, while the fathers tend much less to donate. The present study sought to explore decision‐making regarding which parent would donate a kidney to their child. Interviews were conducted with twenty‐five mothers and six fathers who donated a kidney to their child. Analysis of the narratives reveals unwillingness to donate a kidney to a sick daughter and five reasons why mothers are more willing to donate than fathers. Our study shows that parents’ patterns of kidney donation to their children powerfully demonstrate gender relations in Arab society and that culturally related matters have a significant impact on human organ transplantation, hence on quality of life and the chances of survival of nephrological pediatric patients. We recommend that the nursing staff enlist the help of Muslim clerics to increase the willingness of fathers to donate a kidney, for sons as well as for daughters. We call for designing education campaigns aimed at raising awareness and encouraging changes in the attitudes of the families of pediatric ESRD patients as well as of physicians.
Transparent teamwork: The practice of supervision and delegation within the multi‐tiered nursing team
Authors: Walker Felicity Ann , Ball Madeleine , Cleary Sonja , Pisani Heather 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSupervision and delegation are important leadership skills that nurses require when practising within the multi‐tiered nursing team. In response to increasing demands globally on healthcare systems, Nursing Assistants are becoming more prevalent members of the nursing workforce in the acute care setting. An exploratory descriptive research design was used to examine supervision and delegation of Nursing Assistants in an acute hospital setting in Victoria, Australia. It was found that supervision and delegation in the context of a multi‐tier nursing team required a complex assessment and decision‐making process which was influenced by multiple factors. This research promotes developing transparent nursing practices and mutual understanding in the multi‐tier nursing team to facilitate effective supervision and delegation based on informed decision‐making and culture of openness and trust. Pre‐registration education and continuing education and support for nurses are important to build transparent supervision and delegation practices and teamwork, empowering the nursing team to practice to their full scope of practice to provide high‐quality patient care.
Genetic analysis of multiple primary melanomas arising within the boundaries of congenital nevi depigmentosa
Authors: Fuiten Allison M. , Fankhauser Reilly G. , Smit Darren J. , Stark Mitchell S. , Enright Trevor F. , Wood Mary A. , DePatie Nicholas A. , Pivik Karla , Sturm Richard A. , Berry Elizabeth G. , Kulkarni Rajan P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere, we present a rare case of a patient who developed multiple primary melanomas within the boundaries of two nevi depigmentosa. The melanomas were excised, and as a preventive measure, the remainder of the nevi depigmentosa were removed. We performed whole‐exome sequencing on excised tissue from the nevus depigmentosus, adjacent normal skin, and saliva to explain this intriguing phenomenon. We also performed a GeneTrails Comprehensive Solid Tumor Panel analysis on one of the melanoma tissues. Genetic analysis revealed germline MC1R V92M and TYR R402Q polymorphisms and a MET E168D germline mutation that may have increased the risk of melanoma development. This genetic predisposition, combined with a patient‐reported history of substantial sun exposure and sunburns, which were more severe within the boundaries of the nevi depigmentosa due to the lack of photoprotective melanin, produced numerous somatic mutations in the melanocytes of the nevi depigmentosa. Fitting with this paradigm for melanoma development in chronically sun‐damaged skin, the patient's melanomas harbored somatic mutations in CDKN2A (splice site), NF1, and ATRX and had a tumor mutation burden in the 90–95th percentile for melanoma.