bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tension pneumoventricle: Reversible cause for aphasia
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Chanda Arshad , Hassan Jazib , Al-Kubaisi Asia , Momin Umais , Alyafai Abdulnasser 
Published: April 2021

Pneumocephalus is air in the cranium commonly seen in postcraniotomy and in head injury patients. When this air causes an increase in intracranial pressure leading to neurological deterioration, it is called tension pneumocephalus. Similarly, intraventricular air causing compression on vital centers and increasing intracranial pressure is called tension pneumoventricle, and this causes expressive aphasia, which is rarely described in the literature. This study reported a case of a traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak leading to tension pneumoventricle and aphasia.
Case: A young male patient sustained severe head injury and had extradural hematoma (EDH) and multiple skull and skull base fractures. EDH was drained, and he recovered and was discharged with a Glasgow coma scale score of 15. He presented to neurosurgical outpatient with CSF leak, aphasia, and loss of bowel and bladder control for a duration of three days. Computed tomography brain scan showed tension pneumoventricles, and he was started on conservative management. His general condition deteriorated, and the next day, his pupils became unequal, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) dropped to 8/15. He was immediately taken to theater, and the air was aspirated from the ventricles, and an external ventricular drain was inserted. The patient woke up in the immediate postoperative period and started talking normally by day four.
Conclusion: Tension pneumoventricles should be considered a cause of aphasia. Immediate intervention and reduction of intracranial pressure are crucial to reverse neurological abnormality and improve patient's outcome.
Vacancy Engineering in Semiconductor Photocatalysts: Implications in Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation Applications
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is a well‐known fact that the pronounced photogenerated charge recombination and poor light absorption are the main bottlenecks of photocatalysis applications. The conventional approaches to address these problems involve bandgap engineering and suppression of charge recombination after light irradiation, which results in an enhancement in the photocatalytic performance of the materials. However, the most essential aspect of surface modification to engineer active sites on the catalyst surface is generally not given much importance. Contrary to this, defect engineering is another approach by which the optical, charge separation, and surface properties of the photocatalytic materials can be tuned. In this review article, the effect of the introduction of vacancies on the photocatalytic properties of selected semiconductor materials, viz., metal oxides, perovskite oxides, metal sulfides, oxyhalides, and nitrides is comprehensively summarized. The engineering of vacancies in these materials not only improves their optical and charge transfer properties but also affects the surface properties, which are helpful in the adsorption of the reactants on catalyst surface. Herein, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and nitrogen fixation applications of vacancy engineered materials are discussed in detail along with the current trends, scalability requirements, and rigorous experimental protocols.
Photografting Coating: An Innovative Approach to “Non‐Migratory” Active Packaging
Authors: Sadeghi Kambiz , Seo Jongchul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe increasing trend of sustainability (single‐use packaging), safety (fresh consumption), and convenience (processing and application) in packaging science has created a high demand for packaging materials with advanced functions. Thus, the challenges involved with conventional active packaging, for example, migration, low efficiency, upscaling difficulty, safety, and regulations should be addressed through an industrial scalable method, such as photografting coating. Photografting coating, which involves a strong surface covalent linkage, can be employed for preparing novel “non‐migratory” active packaging systems with strong antimicrobial and self‐cleaning, antifouling and self‐defensive, metal chelating as antioxidant, free‐radical scavenging as antioxidant, biocatalytic, and easy printing properties. Herein, profound insights into the technique of photografting coating are provided, with a focus on its application potential in non‐migratory active packaging. The scientific explanation for the photografting coating technique and its application feasibility are illustrated to introduce its potential to confer new functions onto packaging materials. Furthermore, the recent progress, application functions, process, and safety challenges, as well as future directions of photografting coating in the preparation of non‐migratory active packaging systems are explored in detail.
Adaptive Latent Inhibition in Associatively Responsive Optoelectronic Synapse
Authors: Ng Si En , Yang Jingting , John Rohit Abraham , Mathews Nripan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe association of stimuli is an important attribute in the neural basis of learning and memory. While the acquisition and extinction of association through conditioning are well emulated in artificial synaptic devices, the alteration of conditioning efficacy, which enables adaptability in learning, has yet to be demonstrated. A distinctive feature of latent inhibition is that the pre‐exposure to a neutral stimulus would suppress its subsequent associative pairing with a biologically salient counterpart. This presents an adaptive advantage in suppressing the learning efficacy of irrelevant stimuli, focusing attention only on relevant cues. Given the significant impact of the regulatory function in biological synapses, an associatively responsive optoelectronic synapse based on oxide Schottky interface capable of emulating latent inhibition is demonstrated. While optical programming based on photo‐assisted charge detrapping emulates the biologically salient stimulus, electrical modification acts as neutrally stimulating cues, capable of altering subsequent carrier recombination dynamics. The electrical–optical coupling is leveraged to implement inhibition and facilitation of synaptic plasticity. Subsequently, the adaptability in conditioning to regulate information uptake is demonstrated via latent inhibition. Distinct from conventional optoelectronic synapses, the proposed synaptic device offers significant advantages in adaptability in learning with an electrically tunable optical memory.
Systematic Design and Experimental Demonstration of Transmission‐Type Multiplexed Acoustic Metaholograms
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Gerard Nikhil JRK , Xia Xiaoxing , Stevenson Grant C. , Cao Liyun , Fan Shiwang , Spadaccini Christopher M. , Jing Yun , Assouar Badreddine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAcoustic holograms have promising applications in sound‐field reconstruction, particle manipulation, ultrasonic haptics, and therapy. This study reports on the theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation of multiplexed acoustic holograms at both audio and ultrasonic frequencies via a rationally designed transmission‐type acoustic metamaterial. The proposed metahologram is composed of two Fabry–Pérot resonant channels per unit cell, which enables the simultaneous modulation of the transmitted amplitude and phase at two desired frequencies. In contrast to conventional acoustic metamaterial‐based holograms, the design strategy proposed here provides a new degree of freedom (frequency) that can actively tailor holograms that are otherwise completely passive and significantly enhances the information encoded in acoustic metamaterials. To demonstrate the multiplexed acoustic metamaterial, the projection of two different high‐quality metaholograms is first shown at 14 and 17 kHz, with the patterns of the letters N and S. Then, two‐channel ultrasound focusing and annular beams generation for the incident ultrasonic frequencies of 35 and 42.5 kHz are demonstrated. These multiplexed acoustic metaholograms offer a technical advance to tackle the rising challenges in the fields of acoustic metamaterials, architectural acoustics, and medical ultrasound.
Conducting Polymer‐Based Granular Hydrogels for Injectable 3D Cell Scaffolds
Authors: Feig Vivian Rachel , Santhanam Sruthi , McConnell Kelly Wu , Liu Kathy , Azadian Matine , Brunel Lucia Giulia , Huang Zhuojun , Tran Helen , George Paul M. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInjectable 3D cell scaffolds possessing both electrical conductivity and native tissue‐level softness would provide a platform to leverage electric fields to manipulate stem cell behavior. Granular hydrogels, which combine jamming‐induced elasticity with repeatable injectability, are versatile materials to easily encapsulate cells to form injectable 3D niches. In this work, it is demonstrated that electrically conductive granular hydrogels can be fabricated via a simple method involving fragmentation of a bulk hydrogel made from the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS. These granular conductors exhibit excellent shear‐thinning and self‐healing behavior, as well as record‐high electrical conductivity for an injectable 3D scaffold material (≈10 S m−1). Their granular microstructure also enables them to easily encapsulate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neural progenitor cells, which are viable for at least 5 d within the injectable gel matrices. Finally, gel biocompatibility is demonstrated with minimal observed inflammatory response when injected into a rodent brain.
Workflow for computational fluid dynamics modeling of fixed‐bed reactors packed with metal foam pellets: Hydrodynamics
Authors: George Ginu R. , Bockelmann Marina , Schmalhorst Leonhard , Beton Didier , Gerstle Alexandra , Torkuhl Lars , Lindermeir Andreas , Wehinger Gregor D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the catalyst pellets made of open‐cell metallic foams have been identified as a promising alternative in fixed‐bed reactors. A reliable modeling tool is necessary to investigate the suitability of different foam properties and the shapes of foam pellets. In this article, a workflow for a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is presented, which aims to study the flow characteristics in the slender packed beds made of metal foam pellets. The CFD model accounts for the actual random packing structure and the fluid flow throughout the interstitial regions is fully resolved, whereas flow through the porous foam pellets is represented by the closure equations for the porous media model. The bed structure is generated using rigid body dynamics (RBD) and the influence of the catalyst loading method is also considered. The mean bed voidage and the pressure drop predicted by the simulations show good agreement with the experimental data.
Locality‐preserving data modelling and its application in fault classification
Authors: Miao Aimin , Cheng Zhishang , Li Peng , Cui Huawei , Liu Sitong , Wu Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, a new local fault classification technique named neighbourhood‐preserving discriminant analysis (NPDA) was developed and applied for fault classification in industrial processes. Rather than using traditional global modelling methods, we used the neighbourhood‐preserving embedding (NPE) algorithm, which describes data features stably and reliably. Taking the latent variables obtained by NPE and Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) as the classification features, a classification model was constructed by NPDA and used to classify various types of faults. To evaluate fault classification, case studies on a continuous stirred tank heater process and a Tennessee Eastman benchmark process were conducted. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was confirmed, as improved classification results were obtained by NPDA.
Dynamic Forest of Random Subsets‐based supervised hash signature scheme for secure user authentication in smart home environment
Authors: Sudha K. Swapna , Jeyanthi N. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe advent of information and communication technology has revolutionized the application of smart home through which the residents remotely establish superior control over the smart devices. The users and the smart devices interact over an insecure communication channel that may help an illegitimate user to gain access on the data disseminated by the smart devices, resulting in high exploiting attacks like privileged insider attack, smart device and gateway node impersonation attack, and smart node capture attack in the smart home. Thus, a secure remote authentication scheme that permits only legitimate users to gain access to the smart devices based on supervised learning becomes essential. In this article, Dynamic Forest of Random Subsets‐based supervised hash signature (DFORS‐SHS) scheme is proposed for robust user authentication in smart homes. This proposed DFORS‐SHS scheme concurrently performs the signed generation of random subsets such that each element of a signature is used for the generation of successive random subset elements for authentication. It utilized the strength of revealed secret keys through chaining approach that bundles the random subset generation and signature. This supervised learning approach only permits the signer of the original message to potentially generate a random subset and prevents the malicious intruder from gaining the access of the smart devices. The formal verification and the security investigation of the proposed DFORS‐SHS scheme are conducted using the Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham (BAN) and AVIPSA toolkit for determining communication cost, communication time, computation time, and energy consumptions incurred during the authentication process. It can be stated that, the communication cost and storage costs of the proposed DFORS‐SHS scheme was also identified to be comparatively minimized than the baseline smart home authentication schemes.
Neuroimmune interactions in peripheral tissues
Authors: Klose Christoph S. N. , Veiga‐Fernandes Henrique 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeuroimmune interactions have been revealed to be at the centre stage of tissue defence, organ homeostasis, and organismal physiology. Neuronal and immune cell subsets have been shown to colocalize in discrete tissue environments, forming neuroimmune cell units that constitute the basis for bidirectional interactions. These multitissue units drive coordinated neuroimmune responses to local and systemic signals, which represents an important challenge to our current views of mucosal physiology and immune regulation. In this review, we focus on the impact of reciprocal neuroimmune interactions, focusing on the anatomy of neuronal innervation and on the neuronal regulation of immune cells in peripheral tissues. Finally, we shed light on recent studies that explore how neuroimmune interactions maximise sensing and integration of environmental aggressions, modulating immune function in health and disease.
Transposable element insertion as a mechanism of SMARCB1 inactivation in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
Authors: Thomas Christian , Oehl‐Huber Kathrin , Bens Susanne , Soschinski Patrick , Koch Arend , Nemes Karolina , Oyen Florian , Kordes Uwe , Kool Marcel , Frühwald Michael C. , Hasselblatt Martin , Siebert Reiner 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a malignant brain tumor predominantly occurring in infants. Biallelic SMARCB1 mutations causing loss of nuclear SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression represent the characteristic genetic lesion. Pathogenic SMARCB1 mutations comprise single nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions, large deletions, which may be also present in the germline (rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 1), as well as somatic copy‐number neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH). In some SMARCB1‐deficient AT/RT underlying biallelic mutations cannot be identified. Here we report the case of a 24‐months‐old girl diagnosed with a large brain tumor. The malignant rhabdoid tumor showed loss of nuclear SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression and the diagnosis of AT/RT was confirmed by DNA methylation profiling. While FISH, MLPA, Sanger sequencing and DNA methylation data‐based imbalance analysis did not disclose alterations affecting SMARCB1, OncoScan array analysis revealed a 28.29 Mb sized region of copy‐number neutral LOH on chromosome 22q involving the SMARCB1 locus. Targeted next‐generation sequencing did also not detect a single nucleotide variant but instead revealed insertion of an AluY element into exon 2 of SMARCB1. Specific PCR‐based Sanger sequencing verified the Alu insertion (SMARCB1 c.199_200 Alu ins) resulting in a frame‐shift truncation not present in the patient's germline. In conclusion, transposable element insertion represents a hitherto not widely recognized mechanism of SMARCB1 disruption in AT/RT, which might not be detected by several widely applied conventional diagnostics assays. This finding has particular clinical implications, if rhabdoid predisposition syndrome 1 is suspected, but germline SMARCB1 alterations cannot be identified.
Bounding the joint distribution of disability and employment with misclassification
Authors: Liu Ding , Millimet Daniel L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between disability and employment is critical and has long been the subject of study. However, estimating this relationship is difficult, particularly with survey data, since both disabilityandemployment status are known to be misreported. Here, we use a partial identification approach to bound the joint distribution of disability and employment status in the presence of misclassification. Allowing for a modest amount of misclassification leads to bounds on the labor market status of the disabled that are not overly informative given the relative size of the disabled population. Thus, absent further assumptions, even a modest amount of misclassification creates much uncertainty about the employment gap between the non‐disabled and disabled. However, additional assumptions considered are shown to have some identifying power. For example, under our most stringent assumptions, we find that the employment gap is at least 15.2% before the Great Recession and 22.0% afterward.
Multi‐year observations of the high mountain water cycle in the Langtang catchment, Central Himalaya
Authors: Steiner Jakob F. , Gurung Tika R. , Joshi Sharad P. , Koch Inka , Saloranta Tuomo , Shea Joseph , Shrestha Arun B. , Stigter Emmy , Immerzeel Walter W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Langtang catchment is a high mountain, third order catchment in the Gandaki basin in the Central Himalaya (28.2°N, 85.5°E), that eventually drains into the Ganges. The catchment spans an elevation range from 1400 to 7234 m a.s.l. and approximately one quarter of the area is glacierized. Numerous research projects have been conducted in the valley during the last four decades, with a strong focus on the cryospheric components of the catchment water balance. Since 2012 multiple weather stations and discharge stations provide measurements of atmospheric and hydrologic variables. Full weather stations are used to monitor at an hourly resolution all four radiation components (incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation; SWin/out and LWin/out), air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and precipitation, and cover an elevational range of 3862–5330 m a.s.l. Air temperature and precipitation are monitored along elevation gradients for investigations of the spatial variability of the high mountain meteorology. Dedicated point‐scale observations of snow cover, depth and water equivalent as well as ice loss have been carried out over multiple years and complement the observations of the water cycle. All data presented is openly available in a database and will be updated annually.
The New S7B/E14 Question and Answer Draft Guidance for Industry: Contents and Commentary
Authors: Darpo Borje , Ferber Georg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn August 2020, the International Council on Harmonisation (ICH) released a new draft document, which for the first time combined nonclinical (S7B) and clinical (E14) Questions and Answers (Q&As) into 1 document. FDA describes the revision as a “value proposition”: if the human ether‐à‐go‐go assay and the in vivo study are performed in a standardized way, the number of dedicated thorough QT (TQT) studies can be reduced. In this article, we describe and discuss the Q&As that relate to clinical ECG evaluation. If supported by negative standardized nonclinical assays, Q&A 5.1 will obviate the need for a TQT study in the case that a >2‐fold exposure margin vs high clinical scenario cannot be obtained. Q&A 6.1 addresses drugs that are poorly tolerated in healthy subjects and cannot be studied at high doses or in placebo‐controlled studies; it therefore mainly applies to oncology drugs. It will enable sponsors to claim that a new drug has a “low likelihood of proarrhythmic effects” in the case that the mean corrected QT effect is <10 milliseconds at the time of market application. The E14 2015 revision allowed application of concentration–corrected QT analysis on data from routinely performed clinical pharmacology studies, for example, the first‐in‐human study and the proportion of dedicated TQT studies has since steadily decreased. It can be foreseen that the proposed new revision will further reduce the number of TQT studies. To achieve harmonization across regulatory regions, it seems important to reach consensus within the International Council on Harmonisation group on the new threshold proposed in 6.1. For this purpose, the Implementation Working Group has asked for public comments.
SERS chips in an acupuncture needle for interaction in vivo and readout ex vivo of multiple parameters
Authors: Chen Yichu , Chen Xueni , Pan Chenyan , Han Shuyan , Sun Jie , Qian Weiping , Dong Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganism is a complex molecular system, in which molecules interact and execute all life activities. It is still a challenge to detect multiple parameters in vivo simultaneously, which would overcome disadvantage of detection ex vitro. Here, a SERS chips in an acupuncture needle is presented. A magnetic pit in an acupuncture needle is constructed to anchor microscale magnetic SERS probes in it to form SERS chips. The SERS chips can be punctured into tissues with minimal invasion, and the magnetic pit protects the SERS probes from being erased. In the tissues, the SERS probes interact with respective targeted parameters, and SERS spectra of one kind of SERS probes are collected to indicate one kind of molecules after SERS chips were pulled out. Dozens or even hundreds of SERS probes can be integrated to collect information of dozens or even hundreds of parameters. Chips in an acupuncture needle would be a versatile platform to integrate various sensing materials for interaction in vivo and readout ex vivo of multiple parameters.