bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcomes of intensive rehabilitation versus fusion surgery among patients with low back pain from lumbar spine degenerative disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rejante Tito Guillermo D. , Ferraris Kevin Paul , Alcazaren Jose Carlos , Navarro Joseph Erroll , Seng Kenny 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the functional outcomes of intensive rehabilitation and lumbar spine fusion surgery among patients with chronic low back pain from lumbar spine degenerative disease.Methods: We did a systematic search of clinical trials on the topic followed by a meta-analysis using random effects model. The functional outcomes that were compared include Oswestry Disability Index score, improvement in low back pain and leg pain, as well as overall patient outcome.Results: Five randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. There was a 7.25 improvement in change in Oswestry Disability Index (95% CI 1.22-13.17; p=0.02; I2=98%) favoring fusion surgery. All studies showed improvement in low back pain with a VAS score change of 11.49 favoring fusion surgery (95% CI 4.48-18.50; p=0.001; I2=96%). There was a VAS score change of 7.2 improvement in leg pain (95% CI -8.58-22.97; p=0.37; I2=98%) however the effect was not significant. There was no significant difference in terms of overall patient outcome (95% CI 0.23-1.08; p=0.08; I2=78%).Conclusion: Among patients with chronic low back pain, lumbar spine fusion surgery showed improvement in functional outcomes of change in disability and low back pain when compared with intensive rehabilitation. However, the two treatment options showed no differences in terms of improvement of leg pain and overall patient outcome.
Edible insects as a source of alternative protein. A review
Authors: Gorbunova N. A. , Zakharov A. N. 
Published: April 2021

The current state and research priorities in the field of using insects as foods and their components are examined. At present, entomophagy is practiced in Africa, South America and Asia. It is shown that the growing world population, which is increasingly limited in resources upon the rising demand for animal protein, has stimulated the interest to new food sources that can include insects as future alternative sources of animal protein. In the forming global model based on the growing share of renewable energy sources, entomophagy fits in as a renewable source of food energy. Over the last decade, the potential of edible insects as a new ingredient has been studied. It is noted that edible insects can be produced with less environmental impact compared to cattle. Insects have a huge potential at all life cycle stages as a source of nutritional and active substances and are a rich source of animal protein, contain essential amino acids, minerals (K, Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and P), vitamins (В-group, А, D, Е, К and С) and unsaturated fatty acids. Assimilability of insect protein is 76–98%. Insect carbohydrates are represented mainly by chitin contained in a range from 2.7 mg to 49.8 mg/kg of fresh matter. There are data that different insect species can have immune stimulating, sugar reducing, antioxidant and anti-genotoxic activities, as well as the positive effect in cardiovascular and nervous disorders. In the western countries, different methods of insect processing were developed. The review summarizes advantages and risks of eating insects and legal practices of their consumption. Possible ways and strategies of stimulating edible insect consumption are analyzed taking into account that the majority of population in western countries reject the idea of eating insects. The review of performed studies notes the necessity to eliminate emotional and psychological barriers on the way of accepting edible insect consumption.
Case Report of a Large Rhinolith Cast – A Frequently Missed Diagnosis
Authors: Mohiuddin Irshad , Vats Mayank , Hussain Azmina 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Rhinoliths are calcified or mineralized concretions that are deposited around a nucleus and are usually unilateral. They are rare with an estimated
incidence of 1:10000 of all ENT outpatient cases. This may be an underestimation as many cases remain asymptomatic since the process may take
years to develop.

Case Report:
We report a case of unilateral nasal obstruction since childhood in an adult male where the diagnosis remained obscured until thorough assessment
was done. According to the anterior rhinoscopic and nasoendoscopic examination, there was an irregular bony mass occupying the left nasal cavity
from the floor to the middle meatus. The diagnosis of rhinolith was confirmed by nasoendoscopy and non-contrast CT (NCCT) scan, and it was
removed piecemeal from the nose.

Conclusion:
This case underlines the importance of a detailed clinical and endoscopic examination of the nose in adult cases with unilateral nasal obstruction. It
also highlights the potential for misdiagnosis of such cases at the hands of general practitioners or physicians and the importance of early referral to
an otolaryngologist in case of treatment failure by established protocols.
Contributions of Zebrafish Studies to the Behavioural Consequences of
Early Alcohol Exposure: A Systematic Review
Authors: da Silva Rosane Souza , Schaidhauer Flavia Gheller , Caetano Higor Arruda , da Silva Guilherme Pietro 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The consequences of mild to severe exposure to alcohol during brain development is still a matter of debate and scientific investigation. The long-term behavioural effects of ethanol exposure have been related to impaired social skills and cognition. Zebrafish have become a suitable animal model to investigate the effects of early ethanol exposure because it is very feasible to promote drug delivery during early development.

Objective:
The goal of the current report is to review existing behavioural studies addressing the impact of early alcohol exposure using zebrafish to determine whether these models resemble the behavioural effects of early alcohol exposure in humans.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of biomedical databases was performed using the operation order: “ZEBRAFISH AND BEHAV* AND (ETHANOL OR ALCOHOL)”. The eligibility of studies was determined using the PICOS strategy, contemplating the population as zebrafish, intervention as exposure to ethanol, comparison with a non-exposed control animal, and outcomes as behavioural parameters.

Results:
The systematic search returned 29 scientific articles as eligible. The zebrafish is presented as a versatile animal model that is useful to study FASD short and long-term behaviour impairments, such as anxiety, impaired sociability, aggressiveness, learning problems, memory impairment, seizure susceptibility, sleep disorders, motivational problems, and addiction.

Conclusion:
This systematic review serves to further promote the use of zebrafish as a model system to study the pathophysiological and behavioural consequences of early alcohol exposure.
LEP and LEPR Polymorphisms Influences Anthropometric Outcome in Response to 8 Weeks of Combined Training in Obese boys
Authors: Jahandideh Ali Akbar , Rohani Hadi , Rajabi Hamid , Shariatzadeh Mohammad , Razmjou Sahar 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether LEP19 G>A and LEPR 668 A>G polymorphisms, would influence the effect of an 8-week combined aerobic and resistance training.
Methods: Thirty obese boys (BMIz>+2) aged 11-13 (12.66Â±0.47) were recruited from three middle schools in Quchan. The changes in body composition parameters and metabolic factors in response to 8-weeks combined aerobic and resistance training program were analyzed regarding LEP and LEPR polymorphism. DNA was extracted from cheek cells donated by the 30 participants and genotyping was carried out using PCR.
Results: Our results suggest that carriers of rs2167270G allele and rs1137101A allele were characterized by a greater reduction in body mass and WHR (P< 0.05). Also, a significant decrease was observed in leptin levels in carriers of rs2167270G allele after the training program (P=0.031). Moreover, the LEP and LEPR polymorphisms were associated with changes in lipid profile in response to training.
Conclusion: In response to 8 weeks of regular physical activity, obese boys with G (rs2167270) and A (rs1137101) alleles had the best likelihood of losing weight which was associated with a decrease in body mass, fat mass (%), WHR and leptin concentrations.
Comparison of the Hounsfield Unit Values Obtained From Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Images for Different Bone Densities
Authors: Khavid Atefeh , Sametzadeh Mojgan , Godiny Mostafa , Moarrefpour Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: April 2021

Background and objective: In recent years, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become a key diagnostic tool in dentistry. CBCT can provide 3D images of the maxillofacial area to help dental practitioners in diagnosis and treatment, especially implant placement and treatment of pathogenic lesions. This study aimed to compare the Hounsfield Unit (HU) values obtained from CBCT images for bones of different densities with the corresponding HU values from MDCT images.
Materials and methods: cube-shaped bone blocks of identical size were cut from the middle section of the cow ribs and femur area such that they had a layer of cortical bone in their buccal, lingual, and top surfaces and trabecular bone in the middle. MDCT scans were performed using a Somatom Sensation Ct Scanner. After determining HU from the results of these scans, nine suitable specimens from different ranges of HU were chosen for comparison. HU of the CBCT images was computed by the dedicated software of the CBCT machine. Finally, HU values obtained from MDCT and CBCT were compared. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 at the 0.05 significance level.
Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean HU from MDCT images and the mean HU from CBCT images (P<0.05). For similar specimens, CBCT produced higher mean HU values than MDCT. The Pearson correlation test detected a significant direct relationship between the HU values of specimens in MDCT and CBCT (P<0.05).
Conclusion: For the tools and software used in this study, there was no significant difference between the HU values obtained from MDCT and CBCT, but the mean HU obtained from CBCT was higher than that from MDCT.
UPAYA GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL SISWA DI SDIT TAQIYYA ROSYIDA KARTASURA TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Jamiil Rofiiqoh 
Published: April 2021

Kecerdasan interpersonal perlu dikembangkan untuk membentuk karakter individu yang dapat bekerjasama dengan orang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya guru dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan interpersonal siswa di SDIT Taqiyya Rosyida Kartasura. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskripsif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dimulai bulan November 2019 sampai Juli 2020, di SDIT Taqiyya Rosyida Kartasura. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dan dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa upaya yang dilakukan guru SDIT Taqqiya Rosyida untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan interpersonal yaitu: 1) penerapan pembiasaan 15 adab, saat daring dilakukan melalui dengan holiday challengs; 2) pemberian motivasi kepada siswa melalui kegiatan bercerita, saat pembelajaran daring pemberian motivasi hanya berupa nasihat; 3) pengelolaan kelas; 4) pendekatan secara mandiri maupun kelompok; 5) penerapan strategi pembelajaran yang melibatkan kerjasama antar siswa; dan 6) penerapan media pembelajaran visual maupun audio visual
Elemental Characterization of African Locust Beans (Parkia biglobosa) in Igbope, Oyo State of Nigeria
Authors: ABORISADE Caleb Ayoade , Bakare Latif M. , Balogun Fatai Olabanji 
Published: April 2021

African locus beans (Parkia biglobosa) tree is a perennial legume tree that grows naturally in Africa and one of the trees the Forest Rangers enforced that farmers must preserve in their farmland because of its usefulness. Parkia biglobosa when fermented can be used to produce Iru and other useful products. This work employed the Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) in the determination of major, minor and trace element constituents of leaves, seeds, stem in Parkia biglobosa from Igbope, using a 2.5 MeV proton ion beam analysis (IBA) facility. The samples contain nineteen (19) elements namely; Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Y and Ba. Calcium has the highest average concentration 17183.2±25.8 ppm in the stem, followed by Sulphur 15361.7±20.0 ppm in the seed. The seed that is locally fermented to produce Iru has a higher concentration of Fe 1266.8±12.3 ppm. The results showed that Parkia biglobosa analysed in this work consist of several micro, major and trace elements of importance to human health. The plant is also free of harmful elements that can be hazardous to human health when consumed or used as herbal medicine.
Computer Self-Efficacy and Facilitating Conditions as Correlates of Behavioural Intention to Use Electronic Information Resources by Master of Business Administration Students in Federal Universities in Nigeria
Authors: Olawale Bamidele , Popoola S. O. 
Published: April 2021

The focus of this research work was to investigate computer self-efficacy and facilitating conditions as correlates of behavioural intention to use electronic information resources by MBA students in Nigeria federal universities. Cluster sampling technique was adopted for the study and systematic sampling technique was used to select 60% of the total population of the MBA students across the ten federal universities offering the programme based on probability and proportionate size. Data were collected using questionnaire designed to elicit response from respondents and analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis using Partial Lease Square Method (PLSEM), Mean, Standard Deviation and Percentages. However, out of one thousand two hundred and seventy (1,270) copies of questionnaire administered to the respondents, one thousand and fifteen copies (1,015) were returned which represents 79.9% response rate for the study. Findings revealed that the level computer self-efficacy and facilitating conditions of MBA students towards use of electronic information resources in Nigeria federal universities was high. However, the study concluded that university managements and librarians should ensure rapid adoption and diffusion of ICTs and be proactive by developing relevant ICT policies and strategies toward effective and sustainable electronic information resources development in Nigerian universities, as well as promoting the use of relevant electronic information resources by MBA students to improve their quality of research and global competitiveness.
Unbalanced Development – Regional Disparity Analysis in Serbia
Authors: Manić Emilija , Mitrović Đorđe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The unbalanced regional development is one of the biggest socioeconomic challenges in Serbia. It is a multidimensional and multi-level regional imbalance that, according to almost all socioeconomic indicators, shows a growing trend in the first decades of the 21st century. This paper presents an analysis of the selected demographic, social, and economic indicators by using DEA methodology. The dynamic component of the studied imbalance was taken into account by calculating the Malmquist Productivity Index. The calculated index undoubtedly shows that there are differences between regions (not only between the northern and southern regions, but also within the regions themselves). The results also point out that the changes of the input usage efficiency have strongly influenced the ranks of the districts within the national territories.
In vitro clonal propagation and efficient acclimatization with use of hydrogel of intensively sweet medicinal plant Lippia dulcis Trev.
Authors: Tomaszewska-Sowa Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Introduction: The leaves of Lippia dulcis contain high amounts of hernandulcin. It is one thousand fold sweeter than sucrose, however, it hardly contains any calories.

Objective: The aim of this research was to optimalisation of micropropagation and acclimatization of L dulcis

Methods: The nodal explants were inoculated on phytohormone-free MS medium. After 6 weeks the explants were inoculated onto the MS medium with different plant growth regulators. Well-developed rooted plantlets were adapted to ex vitro conditions using hydrogel.

Results: On the medium with BAP and NAA the highest number of shoots were produced. The higest average shoot length, number of the leaves and the leaf area were recorded on the medium with GA3. Adding IBA increased the number of roots. The addition of hydrogel enhanced the acclimatization efficiency.

Conclusions: There was observed a positive, stimulating influence of growth regulators on mass propagation and increase in the number of leaves and the leaf area and influence of hydrogel on the development of plantlets during acclimatization.
Passport data and valorisation data of 33 accessions from the collection of genetic resources of the species Linum usitatissimum L.
Authors: Silska Grażyna 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Introduction: In 2020, the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants (INF&MP) implemented the contract No. 7/PW 1.2 – IWNiRZ Poznań/KCRZG/2020 for the performance of a research service under the long-term programme “Creating scientific foundations for biological progress and protection of plant genetic resources as a source of innovation and support for sustainable agriculture and safety food for country”.

Objective: The aim of the research was to prepare passport and valorisation data for 33 accessions of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) sown at the INF&MP Experimental Station in Pętkowo.

Methods: The field experiment was conducted on 33 samples of flax seeds, which were sown on an area of 1.6 m2. Morphological features were presented by means of numerical data and their evaluation. The agricultural characteristics (numerical values and percentage of the collective pattern) and lengths of vegetation period were also presented. The evaluation of the performed characteristics of flax accessions was presented numerically and the data were given to the International Flax Database.

Results: On the basis of paper documentation, the country of origin of the accessions, the type of genotypes by origin (landrace, variety) and the date of inclusion of the accessions in the flax collection were determined. The results of the characterization of morphological trials were as follows: the total plant length of the flax plants ranged from 51.4 cm (La Estanzuella 117) to 76.5 cm (WUKR 06-417) According to the methodology of the International Flax Database, the total plant length were short (28 accessions), medium short (3) and medium (1). Technical length was usually short (28 accessions) and medium short (4 accessions). Stem thickness for all accessions was medium: 1.6–2.5 mm. The length of the panicle was long only for the Opal variety, for 25 accessions - medium and short for 6 accessions. A number of bolls from panicle was: 9.1–30.8. The 1000 seed weight was low for 25 accessions of flax and very low for 8 genotypes of flax.

Conclusions: Both studied vegetation periods were short in the following flax accessions: AC Linora, Manchwrian, Noralta and T-397. Flax genotype WUKR-846 (I2010/0031) should be deleted from the flax genetic resources collection and considered as worthless as breeding material. The WUKR 06-417 accession collected during the field expedition is distinguished by a high fibre content – 27%. The highest seed yield per plot was obtained from the cultivation of the following linseed flax cultivars: Redwood, AC Mc Duff, Norlin, Noralta and Jenny.
Who Can Find My Devices? Security and Privacy of Apple’s Crowd-Sourced Bluetooth Location Tracking System
Authors: Heinrich Alexander , Stute Milan , Kornhuber Tim , Hollick Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Overnight, Apple has turned its hundreds-of-million-device ecosystem into the world’s largest crowd-sourced location tracking network called o~ine finding (OF). OF leverages online finder devices to detect the presence of missing o~ine devices using Bluetooth and report an approximate location back to the owner via the Internet. While OF is not the first system of its kind, it is the first to commit to strong privacy goals. In particular, OF aims to ensure finder anonymity, prevent tracking of owner devices, and confidentiality of location reports. This paper presents the first comprehensive security and privacy analysis of OF. To this end, we recover the specifications of the closed-source OF protocols by means of reverse engineering. We experimentally show that unauthorized access to the location reports allows for accurate device tracking and retrieving a user’s top locations with an error in the order of 10 meters in urban areas. While we find that OF’s design achieves its privacy goals, we discover two distinct design and implementation flaws that can lead to a location correlation attack and unauthorized access to the location history of the past seven days, which could deanonymize users. Apple has partially addressed the issues following our responsible disclosure. Finally, we make our research artifacts publicly available.
ML-CB: Machine Learning Canvas Block
Authors: Reitinger Nathan , Mazurek Michelle L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the aim of increasing online privacy, we present a novel, machine-learning based approach to blocking one of the three main ways website visitors are tracked online—canvas fingerprinting. Because the act of canvas fingerprinting uses, at its core, a JavaScript program, and because many of these programs are reused across the web, we are able to fit several machine learning models around a semantic representation of a potentially offending program, achieving accurate and robust classifiers. Our supervised learning approach is trained on a dataset we created by scraping roughly half a million websites using a custom Google Chrome extension storing information related to the canvas. Classification leverages our key insight that the images drawn by canvas fingerprinting programs have a facially distinct appearance, allowing us to manually classify files based on the images drawn; we take this approach one step further and train our classifiers not on the malleable images themselves, but on the more-difficult-to-change, underlying source code generating the images. As a result, ML-CB allows for more accurate tracker blocking.
Evaluation of the Cohesive Properties of SBS-Modified Binders at Low Temperatures
Authors: Kök Baha Vural , Erkuş Yunus , Yilmaz Mehmet 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The durability, fatigue resistance, and low-temperature behavior of asphalt layers are greatly affected by the properties of bitumen. Therefore, the composition of bitumen is frequently modified to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures. Sty-rene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) has been the most often used additive recently. Researchers are trying to improve the cohesive and adhesive properties of binders by such polymer-based additives. In this study, 160/220 penetration grade bitumen and Kraton D 1101 SBS were used. The present study contains a new evaluation for determining the cohesive behavior of SBS-modified binders at -1°C, -3°C, and -5°C. The results of this evaluation were compared to conventional and rheological test results. Penetration, softening point, viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer, and bending beam rheometer tests were therefore conducted. Finally, the results of a low-temperature tensile test were found to be consistent with the results of the other tests; hence, they also confirm the cohesive behavior of SBS-modified binders at low temperatures.