bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hydration status during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study of Turkish young adults
Authors: Sahin Nursel , Catak Senay , Akbulut Gamze 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdequate hydration is an essential component of health at every stage of life. Although many factors such as age, gender, physical activity, drug use, and illness affect hydration status, it is vital to maintain water balance, especially in infectious diseases. This study was conducted to estimate the hydration status of young adults living in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The total water intake (TWI) and total water loss of the individuals were determined using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ), which consists of questions about physical activity status, frequency of food and beverage consumption, water consumption, and water loss with urine and feces. The TWI of men and women was found to be 4,776.1 and 4,777.3 mL/day, respectively (p &gt; 0.05). It was determined that 29% of the total water was obtained from drinking water, 49% from other beverages, and 22% from food. A positive net water balance was found in all body mass index (BMI) groups, men, and women. The net water balance was statistically lower in men (2,230.6 mL) than women (2,783.8 mL) (p &lt; 0.05). As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, studies should be done on hydration status in the more balanced populations in terms of BMI and age groups.
Prediction model for the leakage rate in a water distribution system
Authors: Kizilöz Burak 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Leakages cause real losses in water distribution systems (WDSs) from transmission lines, storage tanks, networks, and service connections. In particular, the amount of leakage increases in aging networks due to pressure effects, resulting in severe water losses. In this study, various artificial neural network (ANN) models are considered for determining monthly leakage rates and the variables that affect leakage. The monthly data, which are standardized by Z-score for the years 2016–2019, are used in these models by selecting four independent variables that affect the leakage rate regarding district metered areas and pressure metered areas in WDSs. The pressure effects are taken into consideration directly as input. The model accuracy is determined by comparing the predicted and measured data. Furthermore, the leakage rates are estimated by directly modelling the actual data with ANNs. Consequently, it is found that the model results after data standardization are somewhat better than the original nonstandardized data model results when 30 neurons are used in a single hidden layer. The reason for the higher accuracy in the standardized case compared with previous modelling studies is that the pressure effect is taken into consideration. The suggested models improve the model accuracy, and hence, the methodology of this paper supports an improved pressure management system and leakage reduction.
Reduction of hazardous incinerated bio-medical waste ash and its environmental strain by utilizing in green concrete
Authors: Suresh Kumar A. , Muthukannan M. , Kanniga Devi R. , Arunkumar K. , Chithambar Ganesh A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash (IBWA) is toxic waste material with broad potential (cancer, genetic risk, premature death, permanent disease) to inflict severe health damage for the atmosphere and humans. This waste is disposed of as landfill, which contaminates the underground water and environment. The effective way of disposal of IBWA is by utilizing it as a building material, which can reduce the hazardous toxic materials. The use of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) combined with IBWA as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has been researched for its ability to create a new type of Green Concrete. The physical and chemical properties were observed for the raw materials. IBWA was used at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% replacement by weight for GGBS. Mixing proportions were 1:2.21:3.48 respectively for GGBS, Manufacturing Sand (M-sand), and coarse aggregate. Fresh properties and mechanical properties were examined for all specimens. The findings show an increase in the setting time and flow of concrete and a decrease in density with improved utilization of IBWA. On the other hand, IBWA replacement for GGBS enhanced the mechanical properties. These results revealed that IBWA could be partially replaced as source material for Geopolymer Concrete. This research may contribute to the reduction of dangerous IBWA as a building material.
ACESSO AO SERVIÇO HOSPITALAR ORTOPÉDICO PÓS-TRAUMA NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: De Azevedo Machado Flávia Christiane , Costa de Araújo Souza Giselle 
Published: June 2021

RESUMO
Introdução: Existe um descompasso entre a oferta de serviços em ortopedia e a busca nos pronto-atendimentos por trauma. Objetivo: Assim, objetivou-se analisar o tempo entre o acesso ao serviço hospitalar pós-trauma ortopédico e a avaliação pelo ortopedista para os devidos encaminhamentos no SUS no estado do Rio Grande do Norte de 2017 a 2018. Metodologia: Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma investigação documental, onde foram analisados, pelo cálculo das medidas de tendência central, dados do sistema de regulação estadual sobre os agendamentos para avaliação em ortopedia e sobre o perfil dos indivíduos que buscam o serviço. Resultados: No RN, em 2017, dos 499 registros na regulação em ortopedia, dois foram avaliados (0,4%). Em 2018, de 688, 149 foram avaliados (21,6%), com média de 67 dias de espera. Em Natal, o tempo médio de espera pela consulta foi de 119 dias e, em 2018, 22 dias. Conclusões: Verifica-se falha na oportunidade do cuidado, mediante o parâmetro de 5 a 10 dias após o trauma para os encaminhamentos.

Palavras-Chave: Regulação e fiscalização em saúde; Ortopedia; Traumatologia; Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CAUSAS EXTERNAS DE MORBIDADE E MORTALIDADE DA FAIXA ETÁRIA DE 0 A 1 ANO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Tayanne da Silva Costa Ketyllem , Kevilly Moura Klara , Liane Souza do Nascimento Rayssa , Pedro Lima de Azevedo Wederson , Barbosa de Andrade Fábia 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: As diferenças no que diz respeito aos números de morbidade e mortalidade das crianças, expressam as disparidades econômicas, sociais e ambientais entre os países. Nesse estudo, serão avaliados os aspectos de morbidade e mortalidade, levando em consideração suas características marcantes e seus problemas constantemente enfrentados. Objetivo: Avaliar as causas externas de morbidade e mortalidade de crianças de 0 a 1 ano na região Nordeste do Brasil, visando demonstrar a vinculação da morbidade e mortalidade à região em que a população está inserida, confirmando os indicadores socioeconômicos de determinada localidade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal e descritivo, utilizando dados secundários de morbidade e mortalidade em crianças de 0 a 1 ano na região Nordeste do Brasil, baseado em dados coletados a partir do DATASUS (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde), através do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e o Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (SIH/SUS), no período de cinco anos, 2013 - 2017. Resultados: Apesar de existirem muitos empecilhos a serem vencidos, como as desigualdades relacionadas ao crescimento econômico e social, estudos demonstram expressiva queda no que diz respeito aos índices de morbidade e mortalidade em vários estados da região Nordeste. Conclusões: A morbidade e mortalidade na infância são indicadores sensíveis e de extrema importância no que diz respeito às condições de vida e saúde dos indivíduos de uma determinada região. A maior parte destas mortes é formada por causas evitáveis, nas quais se tivessem políticas públicas e ações de saúde responsáveis por isso, assim como uma educação de qualidade para a população, a realidade poderia ser diferente e muitas vidas poderiam ser salvas.

Palavras-Chave: Mortalidade, nordeste, saúde da criança.
AVALIAÇÃO DA AMPLITUDE DE ABERTURA BUCAL EM PACIENTES COM DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR APÓS TRATAMENTO COM TERAPIA MANUAL
Authors: Galvao Cecília Santos , Augusto Seabra Barbosa Gustavo , Oliveira de Almeida ´Erika 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), distúrbio que acomete as estruturas ósseas, musculares e articulares da região orofacial tem sido cada vez mais recorrente. Esse distúrbio causa dores, limitação de movimento e alteração na qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos com a doença. Se fazem necessárias medidas de controle e tratamento dessa doença de prevalência crescente. Objetivo: Avaliar a amplitude de abertura bucal em pacientes portadores de Disfunção Temporomandibular, submetidos ao tratamento com fisioterapia após 1 e 3 meses de tratamento. Metodologia: Avaliou-se a amplitude de abertura bucal de 25 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento com fisioterapia (F; N = 25). Todos os pacientes foram diagnosticados com DTM de acordo com o eixo 1 do RDC/TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders). Os dados colhidos foram avaliados através do programa SPSS e foi realizado o teste Wilcoxon, com nível de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Para pacientes que apresentavam comprometimento da amplitude de abertura máxima sem auxílio, a fisioterapia possibilitou melhora significativa do ganho de amplitude no tempo inicial e após um mês de terapia (P = 0.002), mantendo a amplitude até o terceiro mês, sem apresentar ganho significativo. Conclusões: Para a variável amplitude de abertura bucal, a fisioterapia se mostra como uma boa alternativa de tratamento, alcançando resultados satisfatórios para o ganho de amplitude e melhoria do quadro sintomático do paciente.
ÍNDICE DE SUCESSO DE EXODONTIAS REALIZADAS COM EXTRATOR MINIMAMENTE TRAUMÁTICO
Authors: Mayara Rodrigues Xavier Cinthia , Freitas de Souza Junior Erasmo , Dantas Ribeiro Adyelle , Azevedo Silva Janielma , Euler de Souza Lucena Eudes , Henrrique Araújo de Morais Hécio 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Técnicas para extração dentária vêm sendo aperfeiçoadas objetivando um procedimento que diminua o esforço profissional, o tempo cirúrgico, amenize as dores e os processos inflamatórios. Neste sentido os extratores minimamente traumáticos com a exodontia vertical, propõem-se a preservar o osso alveolar e proporcionar uma recuperação mais rápida e confortável para o paciente. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do Kit para Extração Minimamente traumática da Maximus® (Contagem/MG- Brasil) na exodontia de raízes residuais de incisivos, caninos e pré-molares unirradiculares. Metodologia: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, prospectivo e analítico. Os pacientes foram operados utilizando o dispositivo, sendo avaliados os dados demográficos, tempo cirúrgico, dor e conforto após a cirurgia, bem como o grau de satisfação profissional com o uso do dispositivo. Para verificar diferenças significativas foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney e a busca de associações foi realizada com o Exato de Fisher. Para todos os testes foi estabelecida uma significância com p<0,05. Resultados: Quarenta elementos foram removidos, o tempo cirúrgico foi em média 16,28 minutos, níveis de dor e conforto imediatamente após a cirurgia se mantiveram baixos (p<0,0001), e o grau de satisfação profissional se manteve alto (p<0,0001). A taxa de sucesso do dispositivo foi de 93,3% para os elementos incisivos e 20% para os elementos caninos e pré-molares (p<0,0001). Conclusões: A eficácia do extrator é determinada pelo tamanho da superfície radicular cobertas com fibras periodontais e a localização do dente. No entanto pode ser bem indicada no planejamento de reabilitações implantosuportadas em região anterior de maxila e mandíbula.
Palavras-Chave: Procedimentos cirúrgicos minimamente invasivos; Processo alveolar; Preservação de tecidos; Extração de dente.
DESAFIOS E ADAPTAÇÕES DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Nunes Ruan Kaio Silva , Maciel Gabrielle Augustha dos Santos , Almeida Elisabeth Barth , Guedes Mariana Reiser , Henn Rosana 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A crise pelo novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) tem impactado diversos setores, dentre eles o da educação superior, pois as atividades realizadas dentro da universidade estão, desde março de 2020, sendo remanejadas e readaptadas para o modelo on-line, dentre elas a extensão universitária. Objetivo: O presente artigo temobjetivo d um projeto de extensão universitária desenvolvido para estimular a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e que migrou suas atividades para o ambiente virtual, mostrando como foram os desafios e adaptações nesse novo cenário global. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. As atividades adaptadas à nova realidade que serão aqui mencionadas ocorreram no primeiro semestre de 2020, iniciando no mês de maio e finalizando em julho. As postagens para as redes sociais Facebook® e Instagram® foram realizadas uma vez por semana, por dois acadêmicos do curso de Nutrição e bolsistas do projeto, tendo sempre o auxílio das professoras responsáveis. Resultados: A utilização das redes sociais Facebook® e Instagram® ajudaram nosso projeto a desempenhar suas atividades de forma remota e obter um alcance maior de pessoas beneficiadas com as publicações. Conclusão: Apesar das dificuldades iniciais de planejamento de cronograma, temas abordados e o alcance do público alvo, conseguimos reestruturar bem o projeto ao novo formato e nos surpreendemos com o alcance das publicações e a capacidade de influenciar positivamente as vidas das pessoas, buscando trazer assuntos pertinentes e com embasamento científico, para assim, mesmo que remotamente, tentar melhorar do bem-estar da população.
Palavras-Chave: Relações Comunidade-Instituição, Pandemias, Prevenção de Doenças.
A Review on Chitosan in Drug Delivery for Treatment of Neurological and
Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Shayganfard Mehran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Neurological diseases are known as global health problems with a growing number of patients annually. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease as well as spinal cord injury, hypoxic ischemia injury, epilepsy, depression and etc., are some examples of neurological diseases. One of the main problems in the treatment
of these diseases is the delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These days, researchers have tended to find non-invasive and non-toxic strategies for solving this problem. As a non-toxic, safe, and potential agent, chitosan has attracted attention for use in drug delivery systems. Recently, numerous studies have been designed to develop drug delivery systems by using chitosan to treat various neurological diseases. In this paper, the latest developments of chitosan and its derivatives utilization in the drug delivery systems for the treatment of different neurological and psychiatric diseases were reviewed.
Development and Clinical Application of Tumor-derived Exosomes in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Verdi Javad , Ketabchi Neda , Noorbakhsh Negar , Saleh Mahshid , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Seyhoun Iman , Kavianpour Maria 
Published: June 2021

:A tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within a tissue that can lead to death due to late diagnosis, poor prognosis, drug resistance, and finally enhanced metastasis formation. Exosomes are nanovesicles that have been derived from all the different cell types. These vesicles can transfer various molecules, including the distinct form of nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, and circRNA) and proteins. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) have exceptionally important roles through multiple molecular and cellular pathways like progression, tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and as well as metastasis. TEXs are detectable in all body fluids such as serum and urine, a convenient and non-invasive way to access these nano-sized vesicles. TEXs lead to the symptom expression of genetic aberrations in the tumor cell population, making them an accurate and sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. On the other hand, TEXs contain major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) and play important dual roles in regulating tumor immune responses: they can mediate both immune activation and suppression through tumor-associated immunity. Despite numerous scientific studies, there are still many technical barriers to distinguish TEXs from non-tumor-derived exosomes. Even so, removing exosomes leading to a wide difference in outcomes inside a patient's body. Hence, controversial pieces of evidence have demonstrated the vital role of TEXs as hopeful biomarkers for the early detection of cancers, evaluation of therapeutic effects, and monitoring of the patient.
Cell-based Therapy for Ocular Disorders: A Promising Frontier
Authors: Ahani-Nahayati Milad , Niazi Vahid , Moradi Alireza , Pourjabbar Bahareh , Roozafzoon Reza , Baradaran-Rafii Alireza , Keshel Saeed Heidari 
Published: June 2021

:
As the ocular disorders causing the long-term blindness or optical abnormalities of the
ocular tissue entirely affect life quality, an insight into their corresponding pathogenesis and the expansion
of attitudes authorizing earlier detection and treatment need more consideration. Though
current therapeutics result in desirable outcomes, they do not offer an inclusive solution for hindrance
of development of visual impairment to blindness. Accordingly, stem cells because of their
particular competencies have attracted pronounced attention to be applied in regenerative medicine
of ocular diseases. In the last decades, a wide spectrum of stem cells surrounding mesenchymal
stem/stromal cells (MSC), neural stem cells (NSCs), and embryonic/induced pluripotent stem cells
(ESCs/iPSCs) accompanied by Müller glia, ciliary epithelia-derived stem cells, and retinal pigment
epithelial (RPE) stem cells have been widely investigated to report their safety and efficacy in preclinical
models and also human subjects. In this regard and the first interventions, RPE cell suspensions
were successfully utilized to ameliorate visual defects of the patients suffering from age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) after subretinal transplantation. Herein, we will explain the pathogenesis
of ocular diseases and highlight the novel discoveries and recent findings in the context of
stem cell-based therapies in these disorders, focusing on the last decade's in vivo reports.
Recent Patents on Bearing Pre-tightening
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Zhang Jiashuo 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Bearing has been widely used in automotive, aerospace, electronics industry
and other fields.
Its pre-tightening technology is one of the most critical technologies. It has an important influence
on the accuracy, speed, stiffness and temperature rise of the spindle. Proper pre-tightening force can
eliminate bearing clearance and improve machining accuracy and efficiency of machine tools.
Therefore, the development trend of bearing pre-tightening mechanism has been paid more and more
attention.

Objective:
In order to improve the processing efficiency and processing accuracy of the bearing
system, the structure and function of the bearing pre-tensioning device are continuously enhanced.

Methods:
This paper retraces various current representative patents relative to the mechanism of
bearing pre-tightening.

Results:
Through the investigation of a number of patents of bearing pre-tightening devices, the
principles and effects of different bearing pre-tightening devices are classified and reviewed. Besides,
the future development trend of bearing pre-tightening devices is discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization of the bearing pre-tightening device is conducive to improving processing
efficiency and quality. A controllable pre-tightening force is the research direction, and more
related patents will be invented in the future.
A pilot study on coarse ware ceramic fabrics from the Ayios Vasileios Survey Project (Greece)
Authors: van Oortmerssen G.J.M. , Wiersma C.W. 
Published: June 2021

In this article, we present the results of our pilot study on coarse ware ceramic fabrics from the Ayios Vasileios Survey Project (Laconia, Greece). The aim of this pilot was to explore the potential of optical fabric analysis on coarse wares on the basis of (mineral) inclusions detectable by eye or under modest magnification. We aimed to answer the following question: can we discern Bronze Age coarse wares from Byzantine/Early Modern coarse wares by means of this technique? We studied 177 ceramic fragments by eye and by means of a stereo microscope. This resulted in the description of 51 different provisional fabrics. Only a few of these fabrics could be assigned to a specific time period with certainty, based on a consistent dating of the sherds by the ceramic specialists, who looked at shape, decoration and fabric. Most of the fabrics seem to consist of sherds stemming from various time periods. A comparison between our provisional fabric groups and those published by other researchers in Laconia shows that possible connections or matches between fabrics made by us should be considered either as tentative or as unreliable beyond the level of argued assumptions. To arrive at more reliable ceramic fabric connections, or the identification of similar fabrics, it will be necessary to publish not only textual descriptions and images of thin sections—as seems to be the common approach—but also series of high-resolution pictures of sherds and their fresh sections, as has been done in this article, together with more detailed descriptions of these sherds.
Accuracy of STRONGKids to Identify Risk of Children Malnutrition in Sanjiwani General Hospital Gianyar, Bali
Authors: Yogi Astika Dewa Ngakan Putu Yogi Astika 
Published: June 2021

Malnutrition in the hospital is a condition that needs to be watched out for because it affects the length of stay and healing process of hospitalized patients. Until now, the prevalence of malnutrition in the hospital is still high in both adult and pediatric patients. Malnutrition screening is required while the patient will be hospitalized. It is necessary to research the accuracy of STRONGKids (Screening tools for risk on nutritional status and growth) as a malnutrition screening in pediatric patients in hospitals, especially at Sanjiwani General Hospital Gianyar percentage of malnutrition in hospitals at Sanjiwani Gianyar Hospital so that they receive early treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of STRONGKids as a screening test for malnutrition in the hospital for children at Sanjiwani General Hospital Gianyar. This research uses a design cross-sectional by the diagnostic test method. Data taken from medical records. Data collection method with consecutive sampling. The number of samples is 40 subjects. The inclusion criteria were children aged one month - 18 years and hospitalized at Sanjiwani Gianyar Hospital. The exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record data, and subjects were categorized as obese or obese on the medical record. The data analysis technique used the SPSS computer program. STRONGKids data are presented in 2 x 2 table form Chi-square. The results obtained were the percentage of hospital malnutrition of 9.8%. STRONGKids with a cutoff value of 1 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 35.1%. So, the STRONGKids score has fairly high sensitivity, so that the use of the STRONGKids score in combination with anthropometric measurements can be used to detect malnutrition in hospitals.
Keywords: sensitivity, STRONGKids, child malnutrition