bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of cutting parameters on the milling process of cryogenically treated aluminum alloy with cryogenically treated and untreated inserts, using the Taguchi and Gray Relational Analysis methods
Authors: Samtaş Gürcan , Bektaş Berat Serhat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aluminum 6061 alloy is commonly employed in the automotive industry in the manufacture of rims, panels and even the chasses of vehicles and has excellent machinability. In this study, the surface of the cryogenically processed aluminum 6061-T651 alloy was milled using both untreated and cryogenically treated TiN-TiCN-Al2O3-coated cutting inserts. The Taguchi L18 orthogonal array was chosen as the experimental design. As the cutting parameters in the experiments, two different cutting inserts (untreated and cryogenically treated, TiN-TiCN-Al2O3-coated), three different cutting speeds (250, 350 and 450 m min−1) and three different feed rates (0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 mm/rev) were used. After each experiment, the surface roughness and wear values of the cutting inserts were measured, the latter after repeating the experiment five times. Wear and roughness values were optimized using the Taguchi method. Additionally, Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) was used for the combined optimization of wear and roughness values. The optimized findings determined using Taguchi optimization for minimum surface roughness were the cryogenically treated cutting insert, 250 m min−1cutting speed and 0.45 mm/rev feed rate. The optimized findings for wear were the cryogenically treated cutting insert, 350 m min−1cutting speed and 0.30 mm/rev feed rate. In the optimization with GRA, the common optimum parameters for surface roughness and wear were the cryogenically treated cutting insert, 250 m min−1cutting speed and 0.15 mm/rev feed rate. According to the Taguchi and GRA results, the cryogenically treated cutting inserts performed the best in terms of minimum wear and surface roughness. The Gray-based Taguchi methodology proposed in this study was found to be effective in solving the decision-making problem in multi-specific results as wear and surface roughness.
Improving the bending resistance of double-layer printed flexible OLEDs with PEDOT: PSS-PEO composite HIL films
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang DongYu , Gao Qiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are expected to have excellent device performance and mechanical robustness in many areas, such as wearable electronics and display devices. For the traditional materials of OLED anode, indium tin oxide (ITO) is undoubtedly the most mature transparent conductive electrode available. However, the brittle and rigid nature of ITO severely limit the development of flexible OLED (FOLED). In this work, a solution blending film consisting of poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) was used as a hybrid hole injection layer, where PEO polymer in the composite films can greatly improve the bending resistance of device. The printed FOLEDs doped with PEO exhibit impressive mechanical durability, maintaining 80.4% of its maximum external quantum efficiency after 1000 bends at a radius of curvature of 10 mm, compared to 46.3% for the counterpart without PEO doping.
Nanocrystals of metal halide perovskites and their analogues as scintillators for x-ray detection
Authors: Chen Huiwen , Li Yunlong , Zhao Bo , Ming Jun , Xue Dongfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Scintillators are widely used for x-ray detection in various fields, such as medical diagnostics, industrial inspection and homeland security. Nanocrystals (NCs) of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) and their analogues showed great advantages as x-ray scintillators due to their cheap manufacturing, fast decay time, and room temperature scintillation from quantum confinement effect. However, there are still many challenges unsolved for further industrialization. Herein, it is necessary to summarize the progress of scintillators based on NCs of MHPs and their analogues. In the first section, the scintillation mechanism and key parameters are outlined. Then, various NCs of MHPs and their analogues used as scintillators are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and outlook are discussed. It is believed that NCs of MHPs and their analogues are favorable for large-area and flexible x-ray detectors.
Conditions for electronic hybridization between transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers and physisorbed carbon-conjugated molecules
Authors: Krumland Jannis , Cocchi Caterina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hybridization effects play a crucial role in determining the electronic properties of hybrid inorganic/organic interfaces. To gain insight into these important interactions, we perform a first-principles study based on hybrid density-functional theory including spin–orbit coupling, focusing on eight representative systems formed by two carbon-conjugated molecules—pyrene and perylene—physisorbed on the transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers (TMDCs) MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2. By means of band unfolding techniques, we analyze the band structures of the considered materials, identifying the contributions of the individual constituents as well as the signatures of their hybridization. Based on symmetry and energetic arguments, we derive general conditions for electronic hybridization between conjugated molecules and underlying TMDCs even when the former do not lie planar on the latter, thus providing the key to predict how their mutual arrangement affect their electronic interactions.
Heterologous expression of a polyketide synthase ACRTS2 in Aspergillus oryzae produces host-selective ACR toxins: coproduction of minor metabolites
Authors: Kotani Akari , Ozaki Taro , Takino Junya , Mochizuki Susumu , Akimitsu Kazuya , Minami Atsushi , Oikawa Hideaki 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Previously, we succeeded to produce the core structure of the host-selective ACR toxin (1) on brown leaf spot on rough lemon when the polyketide synthase ACRTS2 gene was heterologously expressed in Aspergillus oryzae (AO). To confirm the production of 1 in AO, the detection limit and suppressing decarboxylation were improved, and these efforts led us to conclude the direct production of 1 instead of its decarboxylation product. During this examination, minor ACR-toxin-related metabolites were found. Their structure determination enabled us to propose a decarboxylation mechanism and a novel branching route forming byproducts from the coupling of the dihydropyrone moiety of 1 with the acetaldehyde and kojic acid abundant in AO. The involvement of putative cyclase ACRTS3 in the chain release of linear polyketide was excluded by the coexpression analysis of ACRTS2 and ACRTS3. Taken together, we concluded that the production of 1 in AO is solely responsible for ACRTS2.
Left circumflex artery injury following surgical mitral valve replacement: a case report
Authors: Gaba Prakriti , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Kochar Ajar , Sung Jonathan , O’Gara Patrick T , Bhatt Deepak L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Mitral valve (MV) repair or replacement surgery is indicated for a variety of conditions. Although uncommon, damage to the left circumflex (LCx) coronary artery, which courses in close proximity to the MV annulus, is a devastating complication.

Case summary
This report describes the case of a 63-year-old woman following re-operative MV replacement. Shortly after being transferred to the surgical intensive care unit after MV replacement, her EKG was notable for persistent inferolateral ST-segment elevations and reciprocal ST-segment depressions. Emergency transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 35–40% and mid to distal lateral wall motion hypokinesis. She was emergently taken to the cardiac catheterization laboratory where coronary angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of her mid LCx artery. She underwent urgent percutaneous coronary intervention of the lesion and was started on dual antiplatelet treatment, anticoagulation for comorbid atrial fibrillation, as well as guideline directed medical therapy with improvement in her EKG changes and cardiac function.

Conclusion
Prompt diagnosis and recognition of LCx injury is crucial. Management involves immediate percutaneous recanalization or surgical coronary bypass grafting.
Recurrent ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case report of a rare complication of caseous mitral annular calcification
Authors: Singh Nikhil , Shah Atman P , Torregrossa Gianluca , Blair John E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaseous mitral annular calcification (MAC) is an under-diagnosed division of calcific mitral valve disease that has recently been reported to have increased propensity for embolic disease. Early recognition of this entity as a cause of embolic disease can lead to prevention of occlusive vascular disease and long-standing complications.Case summaryWe present the case of a patient with end-stage renal disease who presented for evaluation of chest pain and was found to have ST-segment myocardial infarction. Despite thrombectomy and stenting, he had multiple recurrent events, and imaging evaluation demonstrated caseous MAC with mobile components. He was taken for surgical replacement of the mitral valve, with pathology confirming diagnosis.DiscussionCaseous MAC may represent an increased risk of embolic disease. Better understanding of this pathology and it’s propensity for embolic disease will be important to best determine treatment plans and timing of operative intervention.
Predilection or Prediction? Country Selection for the President's Daily Intelligence Brief, 1961–1977
Authors: Lebovic James H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A study of the daily briefings of US presidents by the intelligence community offers a useful test of whether governments can surmount intragovernmental influences in the acquisition and processing of information. A finding that the briefs somehow anticipate events would suggest that governments—their leaders and organizations—rise above political incentives and institutional practices to approach the rationality that realist and liberal scholars attribute to states. This study, thus, examines which countries appear in (the now declassified) daily intelligence briefs of the 1961–(January)1977 period, covering the Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford years. It not only finds evidence that the selection of countries for the briefs favors countries referenced in prior briefs (per the foreign-policy literature) but also finds significant evidence that the appearance of countries, in the briefs, anticipates their increased activity in the period to follow (per a rational model).
Selection for seed size has uneven effects on specialized metabolite abundance in oat (Avena sativaL.)
Authors: Brzozowski Lauren J , Hu Haixiao , Campbell Malachy T , Broeckling Corey D , Caffe Melanie , Gutiérrez Lucía , Smith Kevin P , Sorrells Mark E , Gore Michael A , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlant breeding strategies to optimize metabolite profiles are necessary to develop health-promoting food crops. In oats (Avena sativa L.), seed metabolites are of interest for their antioxidant properties, yet have not been a direct target of selection in breeding. In a diverse oat germplasm panel spanning a century of breeding, we investigated the degree of variation of these specialized metabolites and how it has been molded by selection for other traits, like yield components. We also ask if these patterns of variation persist in modern breeding pools. Integrating genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phenotypic analyses for three types of seed specialized metabolites—avenanthramides, avenacins, and avenacosides—we found reduced heritable genetic variation in modern germplasm compared with diverse germplasm, in part due to increased seed size associated with more intensive breeding. Specifically, we found that abundance of avenanthramides increases with seed size, but additional variation is attributable to expression of biosynthetic enzymes. In contrast, avenacoside abundance decreases with seed size and plant breeding intensity. In addition, these different specialized metabolites do not share large-effect loci. Overall, we show that increased seed size associated with intensive plant breeding has uneven effects on the oat seed metabolome, but variation also exists independently of seed size to use in plant breeding. This work broadly contributes to our understanding of how plant breeding has influenced plant traits and tradeoffs between traits (like growth and defense) and the genetic bases of these shifts.
Combining genetic resources and elite material populations to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction in apple
Authors: Cazenave Xabi , Petit Bernard , Lateur Marc , Nybom Hilde , Sedlak Jiri , Tartarini Stefano , Laurens François , Durel Charles-Eric , Muranty Hélène 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Genomic selection is an attractive strategy for apple breeding that could reduce the length of breeding cycles. A possible limitation to the practical implementation of this approach lies in the creation of a training set large and diverse enough to ensure accurate predictions. In this study, we investigated the potential of combining two available populations, i.e., genetic resources and elite material, in order to obtain a large training set with a high genetic diversity. We compared the predictive ability of genomic predictions within-population, across-population or when combining both populations, and tested a model accounting for population-specific marker effects in this last case. The obtained predictive abilities were moderate to high according to the studied trait and small increases in predictive ability could be obtained for some traits when the two populations were combined into a unique training set. We also investigated the potential of such a training set to predict hybrids resulting from crosses between the two populations, with a focus on the method to design the training set and the best proportion of each population to optimize predictions. The measured predictive abilities were very similar for all the proportions, except for the extreme cases where only one of the two populations was used in the training set, in which case predictive abilities could be lower than when using both populations. Using an optimization algorithm to choose the genotypes in the training set also led to higher predictive abilities than when the genotypes were chosen at random. Our results provide guidelines to initiate breeding programs that use genomic selection when the implementation of the training set is a limitation.
Fusion transcripts and their genomic breakpoints in polyadenylated and ribosomal RNA–minus RNA sequencing data
Authors: Hoogstrate Youri , Komor Malgorzata A , Böttcher René , van Riet Job , van de Werken Harmen J G , van Lieshout Stef , Hoffmann Ralf , van den Broek Evert , Bolijn Anne S , Dits Natasja , Sie Daoud , van der Meer David , Pepers Floor , Bangma Chris H , van Leenders Geert J L H , Smid Marcel , French Pim J , Martens John W M , van Workum Wilbert , van der Spek Peter J , Janssen Bart , Caldenhoven Eric , Rausch Christian , de Jong Mark , Stubbs Andrew P , Meijer Gerrit A , Fijneman Remond J A , Jenster Guido W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Fusion genes are typically identified by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) without elucidating the causal genomic breakpoints. However, non–poly(A)-enriched RNA-seq contains large proportions of intronic reads that also span genomic breakpoints.

Results
We have developed an algorithm, Dr. Disco, that searches for fusion transcripts by taking an entire reference genome into account as search space. This includes exons but also introns, intergenic regions, and sequences that do not meet splice junction motifs. Using 1,275 RNA-seq samples, we investigated to what extent genomic breakpoints can be extracted from RNA-seq data and their implications regarding poly(A)-enriched and ribosomal RNA–minus RNA-seq data. Comparison with whole-genome sequencing data revealed that most genomic breakpoints are not, or minimally, transcribed while, in contrast, the genomic breakpoints of all 32 TMPRSS2-ERG–positive tumours were present at RNA level. We also revealed tumours in which the ERG breakpoint was located before ERG, which co-existed with additional deletions and messenger RNA that incorporated intergenic cryptic exons. In breast cancer we identified rearrangement hot spots near CCND1 and in glioma near CDK4 and MDM2 and could directly associate this with increased expression. Furthermore, in all datasets we find fusions to intergenic regions, often spanning multiple cryptic exons that potentially encode neo-antigens. Thus, fusion transcripts other than classical gene-to-gene fusions are prominently present and can be identified using RNA-seq.

Conclusion
By using the full potential of non–poly(A)-enriched RNA-seq data, sophisticated analysis can reliably identify expressed genomic breakpoints and their transcriptional effects.
The Effects of Political Incivility on Political Trust and Political Participation: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Research
Authors: Van’t Riet Jonathan , Van Stekelenburg Aart 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA great deal of experimental research has focused on how political incivility affects ordinary citizens. A common finding is that incivility reduces political trust. Effects on political participation have also been investigated, but seem less consistent across studies. The results of a systematic review and meta-analysis, including a total of 24 manuscripts containing 35 studies, revealed that the estimated effect of political incivility on political trust was significant, Hedges’ g = −0.19 [95% CI: −0.30, −0.09]. The effect was small, however, and some indication of publication bias was found. The effect was stronger when the incivility was communicated through video versus other media, and for studies conducted in the United States versus Europe. The estimated effect of political incivility on political participation was almost non-existent, g = −0.02 [−0.11, 0.08], although it was significantly stronger (more negative) for studies conducted in Europe rather than in the United States.
Cold War Psychiatry, Extremism, and Expertise: The “Special Committee on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry”
Authors: Heath-Kelly Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Throughout the history of psychiatric ethical professionalization, the question of the “extremist” contextualizes and frames the limits of medical practice. Using archival research at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the article explores how professional committees debated medical ethics after evidence of psychiatric participation in national security measures against dissidents. British, American, and global professional associations organized a prominent struggle against Soviet membership of the World Psychiatric Association in the 1970s and 1980s—reconstituting the field of professional expertise through Cold War geopolitics. The Special Committee on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry was formed in 1978 at the British Royal College of Psychiatry to publicize the medical detention of dissidents in the USSR and to pursue the expulsion of the USSR delegation from global professional fora. In doing so, it constituted an identity for Global Mental Health (vis-à-vis Soviet abusive practice) as impartial, objective, and uncompromised. However, this article explores the many ambiguities that complicate the performative constitution of Western psychiatry as good, and Soviet psychiatry as bad—reflecting on the political dynamics, and philosophy of science, which underwrote the struggle for global expertise.
Factors associated with bovine respiratory disease case fatality in feedlot cattle
Authors: Blakebrough-Hall Claudia , Hick Paul , Mahony T J , González Luciano A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle feedlots. There is a need to understand what animal health and production factors are associated with increased mortality risk due to BRD. The aim of the present study was to explore factors associated with BRD case fatality in feedlot cattle. Four pens totaling 898 steers were monitored daily for visual signs of BRD such as difficult breathing and coughing, and animals exhibiting signs of BRD were taken to the hospital shed for further examination and clinical measures. Blood samples were obtained at feedlot entry and at time of first BRD pull from animals diagnosed with BRD (n = 121) and those that died due to BRD confirmed by postmortem examination (n = 16; 13.2% case fatality rate). Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to estimate differences in animal health and production factors and the relative concentrations of 34 identified blood metabolites between animals that survived versus those that died. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to obtain the odds of being seronegative (at both feedlot entry and first BRD pull) to 5 BRD viruses and having a positive nasal swab result at the time of first pull in died and survived animals. Animals that died from BRD had lower average daily gain (ADG), reduced weight at first BRD pull, higher visual BRD scores and received more treatments for BRD compared with animals that survived BRD (P &lt; 0.05). The odds of being seronegative for bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) were 5.66 times higher for animals that died compared with those that survived (P = 0.013). The odds of having a positive bovine coronavirus nasal swab result were 13.73 times higher in animals that died versus those that survived (P = 0.007). Animals that died from BRD had higher blood concentrations of α glucose chain, β-hydroxybutyrate, leucine, phenylalanine, and pyruvate compared with those that survived (P &lt; 0.05). Animals that died from BRD had lower concentrations of acetate, citrate, and glycine compared with animals that survived (P &lt; 0.05). The results of the current study suggest that ADG to first BRD pull, weight at first BRD pull, visual BRD score, the number of BRD treatments, seronegativity to BVDV-1, virus positive to BCoV nasal swab, and that certain blood metabolites are associated with BRD case fatality risk. The ability of these measures to predict the risk of death due to BRD needs further research.