bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology and management of classic galactosemic primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Hagen-Lillevik Synneva , Rushing John S , Appiah Leslie , Longo Nicola , Andrews Ashley , Lai Kent , Johnson Joshua 
Published: June 2021

Classic galactosemia is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism associated with early-onset primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in young women. Our understanding of the consequences of galactosemia upon fertility and fecundity of affected women is expanding, but there are important remaining gaps in our knowledge and tools for its management, and a need for continued dialog so that the special features of the condition can be better managed. Here, we review galactosemic POI and its reproductive endocrinological clinical sequelae and summarize current best clinical practices for its management. Special consideration is given to the very early-onset nature of the condition in the pediatric/adolescent patient. Afterward, we summarize our current understanding of the reproductive pathophysiology of galactosemia, including the potential action of toxic galactose metabolites upon the ovary. Our work establishing that ovarian cellular stress reminiscent of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is present in a mouse model of galactosemia, as well as work by other groups, are summarized.

Lay summary
Patients with the condition of classic galactosemia need to maintain a strict lifelong diet that excludes the sugar galactose. This is due to having mutations in enzymes that process galactose, resulting in the buildup of toxic metabolic by-products of the sugar. Young women with classic galactosemia often lose the function of their ovaries very early in life (termed 'primary ovarian insufficiency'), despite adherence to a galactose-restricted diet. This means that in addition to the consequences of the disease, these women also face infertility and the potential need for hormone replacement therapy. This article summarizes current strategies for managing the care of galactosemic girls and women and also what is known of how the condition leads to early primary ovarian insufficiency.
Pediatric Palliative Care Programs in US Hospitals
Authors: Rogers Maggie M. , Friebert Sarah , Williams Conrad S.P. , Humphrey Lisa , Thienprayoon Rachel , Klick Jeffrey C. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is integral to the care of children living with serious illnesses. Despite the growth in the number of established palliative care programs over the past decade, little is known about the current operational features of PPC programs across the country.

METHODS
The National Palliative Care Registry collects annualized data on palliative care programs’ structures, processes, and staffing. Using data from the 2018 registry survey, we report on the operational features of inpatient PPC programs across the United States.

RESULTS
Fifty-four inpatient PPC programs submitted data about their operations. Programs reported a median of 3.8 full-time equivalent staff per 10 000 hospital admissions (range 0.7–12.1) across the core interdisciplinary team, yet few (37%) met the minimum standards of practice for staffing. Programs provided more annual consults if they were longer-standing, had more interdisciplinary full-time equivalent staff, offered 24/7 availability for patients and families, or were at larger hospitals. The majority of programs reported concern for burnout (63%) and an inability to meet clinical demand with available staffing (60%).

CONCLUSIONS
There is considerable variability in PPC program operations and structure in hospitals. This study affirms the need for updated program standards and guidelines, as well as research that describes how different care delivery models impact outcomes for patients, families, staff, and health care systems. Future studies that further define the clinical demand, workload, and sustainability challenges of PPC programs are necessary to foster the provision of high-quality PPC and maintain a vital clinical workforce.
The Parthians’ Failed Vassalage of Syria: The Shortsighted Western Policy of Phraates Ii and the Second Reign of Demetrius Ii (129–125 BCE)
Authors: Overtoom Nikolaus Leo 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBy 128 BCE the Parthians had emerged temporarily as the de facto leading power throughout the Hellenistic Middle East. Their defeat of Demetrius II’s invasion of Mesopotamia in 138 BCE had furthered their heated rivalry with the Seleucids; however, their destruction of Antiochus VII’s invasion of Mesopotamia and Media in 129 BCE finally ended the threat of the Seleucids to their eastern lands. For the first time in their history, the Parthians considered expanding their hegemony over Armenia, Syria, and the regions along the Eastern Mediterranean coast, thus firmly establishing their unrivaled hegemony. Yet any hopes of immediately occupying these regions quickly vanished because of calamities and miscalculations in the early 120s BCE. Although nomadic incursions ravaged the Iranian plateau in the east throughout the 120s BCE, in the west Phraates II’s sudden release of Demetrius to contest the Seleucid throne in Syria before the death of Antiochus became a political debacle that hindered Parthian influence in the region. Despite the arguments of recent scholarship, Phraates’ decision to release Demetrius was shortsighted and haphazard, and Demetrius never served in Syria as a Parthian vassal. This article is a reevaluation of the western policy of the Parthians in the early 120s BCE and the actions of Demetrius during his second reign concerning the Parthians.
The Head of Medusa: Gorgon Imagery in Virgil’s Aeneid
Authors: Fratantuono Lee 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe poet Virgil in his Aeneid employs Gorgon imagery and its attendant connection to the goddess Minerva as part of his explication of one of the key themes of his Augustan epic, namely the progress from a Trojan past to a Roman future. Close analysis of the references to the Perseus myth and related Gorgon legends in the Aeneid reveals a carefully constructed web of intratextual allusions that serve in part to underscore the end of the Trojan order and the advent of the Roman.
“Why Should i not State my opinion, right or Wrong?” Considerations for Literary Criticism in the Letters of Pliny the Younger
Authors: Darab Ágnes 
Published: June 2021

SummaryLiterary self is an essential component of Pliny’s self-representation. Pliny’s literary self-portrait is shaped the way he wants it to be by a diverse set of literary techniques utilized in the letters. My paper explores the questions formulated in the letters that thematize the selection and composition of text, and the answers given to them (not necessarily in the form of assertive sentences). This interpretation is not independent from the self-representative character of the letters, yet, it exceeds it on the premise that another dimension may be opened to the understanding of the letters, which points towards the development of the literary and artistic taste of the first century, and its directions.
The relationship between dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants from fish consumption and type 2 diabetes among First Nations in Canada
Authors: Marushka Lesya , Hu Xuefeng , Batal Malek , Tikhonov Constantine , Sadik Tonio , Schwartz Harold , Ing Amy , Fediuk Karen , Chan Hing Man 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
We previously examined the associations between dietary dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) intake from fish consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in Ontario and Manitoba. This study aims to further explore the relationship in a regionally representative sample of First Nations adults living on-reserve across Canada.

Methods
Dietary, health and lifestyle data collected by the cross-sectional First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018) were analyzed. This participatory study included 6091 First Nations adult participants who answered questions on T2D. The consumption of locally caught fish was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. A total of 551 samples from 96 fish species were collected and analyzed for the presence of DDE and PCBs. The associations between fish and dietary DDE/PCBs intake with self-reported T2D were investigated using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for confounders.

Results
Dietary exposure to DDE (>2.11 ng/kg/bw) and PCBs (>1.47 ng/kg/bw) vs no exposure was positively associated with T2D with ORs of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.24–4.35) for DDE and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.01–3.59) for PCBs. The associations were stronger among females (DDE OR = 3.11 (1.41–6.88); PCBs OR = 1.76 (1.10–3.65)) and older individuals (DDE OR = 2.64 (1.12–6.20); PCBs OR = 1.44 (1.01–3.91)) as compared with males and younger participants. Also, significant dose-response relationships were found for fish consumption in females only.

Conclusion
This study confirms our previous findings that dietary DDE/PCBs exposure may increase the risk of T2D. The effect of DDE/PCBs from fish consumption is driven by geographical differences in DDE/PCBs concentrations in fish and by the amount of fish consumed, and is more prominent in females than in males.
Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
Authors: Batal Malek , Chan Hing Man , Ing Amy , Fediuk Karen , Berti Peter , Sadik Tonio , Johnson-Down Louise 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Assess the diet quality of First Nations adults in Canada using percentage energy from traditional foods (TF) and ultra-processed products (UPP), food portions from the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide - First Nations, Inuit and Métis (EWCFG-FNIM) and a Healthy Eating Index (HEI).

Methods
Data collection for this participatory research occurred in 92 First Nations reserves across Canada from 2008 to 2016. Percent daily energy intakes were estimated from 24-hour recalls for TF and NOVA food categories. Portions of food groups from the 2007 EWCFG-FNIM were compared to recommendations. A Canadian-adapted HEI was calculated for each participant.

Results
The percent energy from TF was 3% for all participants and 18% for consumers. Meat and alternatives were above the EWCFG-FNIM recommendations and all other food groups were below these. HEI was “low” with only older individuals attaining “average” scores. HEI was above “average” in 4 regions. UPP represented 55% of energy, the largest proportion from a NOVA category.

Conclusion
The diet quality of First Nations adults in Canada is nutritionally poor. The nutrition, food security and health of First Nations would be improved by better access to TF and healthy store-bought food. However, poor diet is only one aspect of the difficulties facing First Nations in Canada. Researchers and policy makers must strive to better understand the multiple challenges facing First Nations Peoples in order to foster empowerment and self-determination to develop First Nations living conditions and lifestyles that are more culturally sound and more conducive to health.
EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES FREIREANAS PARA A FORMAÇÃO CIDADÃ
Authors: Cassol Atenuza Pires , Pereira Jodielson Da Silva , Amorim Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Analisamos neste estudo, a Educação de Jovens e Adultos e as contribuições de Paulo Freire ao processo de conhecimento para formação cidadã dos alunos trabalhadores. Queremos saber: qual a contribuição da concepção freireana para a formação e a emancipação de jovens e adultos? Tem como objetivo refletir sobre as contribuições da concepção freireana para a escolarização do sujeito-estudante da EJA. Utilizamos a abordagem qualitativa e a pesquisa bibliográfica para consolidar a investigação. Obtivemos como resultados: que há um reconhecimento nas relações que se estabelecem das práticas educativas para a emancipação dos sujeitos como condição humana; que há uma sistemática negação dos direitos garantidos constitucionalmente; ficou destacada a importância da construção dos saberes vivenciados pelos sujeitos da EJA.
The nature of the manifestation of heterosis is a reliable indicator of a high specific combination ability in a cucumber of the bee-pollinated type
Authors: Mokryanskaya T. I. , Gorokhovsckyi V. F. 
Published: June 2021

Relevance. One of the most important stages in the selection of agricultural crops for heterosis is the determination of the combinational ability, in particular, the evaluation of the SCS constants of lines of promising hybrid combinations. Purpose: on the basis of the best hybrid combinations, create promising cucumber hybrids for open and protected ground, for various purposes, characterized by a complex of economically useful features, including high fruit yield. Objective: to evaluate the effects of true, hypothetical, competitive heterosis of hybrids and SCA line constants in the studied F1 hybrid combinations.Materials and methods.The research work was carried out in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014-2018 in greenhouses (spring-summer and summer rotations) and in open ground when growing in a spread and on a trellis. Much attention was paid to the degree and nature of the manifestation of heterosis in F1 hybrids, which were evaluated by early and total yield, the yield of standard fruits, the yield of gherkins and greens. The degree of manifestation of true, hypothetical and competitive heterosis of hybrids is established and the SCA constants in the studied F1 combinations are evaluated. The standards were the F1 Zubrenok hybrids of selection the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture and Ajax of the Dutch selection. As testers, JL-6 and L.96 were used. In the studies, selection methods were used-pair and return crosses – backcrosses), self-pollination (incucht), selection (individual, group and mass).Results.With positive effects, all three types of heterosis (true, hypothetical and competitive) were observed in the spring-summer and summer rotations of film greenhouses and open ground when grown in a spread and on a trellis for most economically valuable traits in hybrid combinations 43x57 (seven traits); 71/55x41/86; 65x52 (six); 65x41/86, 65x96, 95x68 (five). High SCA constants were observed in film greenhouses (spring-summer and summer rotations) and in open ground (in the spread and on the trellis) lines in combinations 71/55x41/86 (early, general and standard fruit yield; gherkins yield fractions of 5.1-7.0 and 7.1-9.0 cm (+1.0; +0.9; +10.6; +1.2), (+1.8; +4.9; +39.8; +2.6), (+2.0; +4.4; +36.8; +2.6), (+1.1; +1.5; +12.9; +2.3); 65x52 (gherkins yield fractions of 5.1-7.0 cm) (+12.2; +7.2; +12.5; +7.0); 43x57 (yield of gherkins of the fraction 5.1-7.0 cm) (+1.0; +2.0; +6.7; +2.0).
The Influence of AC Driving Current on Magnetoimpedance in [Ni80Fe20/Cu]x/Cu/[Ni80Fe20/Cu]6-x Multilayers
Authors: Rusydan Dian Afif , Ismail Ismail , Sutomo Artono Dwijo , Utari Utari , Purnama Budi 
Published: June 2021

The phenomenon of magnetoimpedance in the multilayer configuration of [Ni80Fe20/Cu]x/Cu/[Ni80Fe20/Cu]6-x with x = 1, 2, and 3 has been successfully investigated. The electrodeposition method used for the multilayer film preparation on the meander pattered of Cu PCB. The obtained multilayer samples were evaluated the MI effect at room temperature with a frequency of 100 kHz. Here, the MI effects were evaluated for a variation of the AC driving current i.e. IAC = 4 mA, 8 mA, 12 mA, 16 mA, and 20 mA. The MI measurement results show that the multilayer x = 3 has the largest MI ratio and the multilayer with x = 1 was the smallest one. It is indicated that interlayer coupling contributes to the MI effect. Whereas the skin depth also confirms to contribute the MI ratio that showed the MI ratio increase with the increase of the I<sub>AC</sub>.
Eocene–Oligocene Crustal Thickening-Collapse of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from the Potassic Granitoids in SW China
Authors: Gou Qiyu , Qian Xin , Wang Yuejun , Wang Yang , Zhang Yuzhi , Wang Yukun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The eastern Tibetan Plateau is a key part of the eastern India–Asia collisional zone, a region that records multiple overprinting tectonic and magmatic events. This study presents new geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Hf–O isotopic data for Cenozoic potassic granitoids in eastern Tibet, southwestern China, which recorded the tectonic evolution of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. These potassic granitoids are formed between 37.6 and 32.9 Ma and are geochemically subdivided into the following: Group 1, adakite-like granites; Group 2, syenites; and Group 3, low-εNdt granitoids. The Group 1 samples are similar to high-silica adakites in that they have variable SiO2 contents (63.31–73.62 wt.%) and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios. These samples have εNdt and εHft values that range from −5.8 to −0.6 and from −4.3 to +5.2, respectively, with δ18O values of 6.78‰–7.36‰. The Group 2 samples are syenites, contain 56.36–63.86 wt.% SiO2 and high concentrations of Y and Yb, and have εNdt values from −8.4 to −2.4, εHft values from −6.1 to +1.1, and δ18O values of 6.37‰–6.89‰. The Group 3 samples have a narrow range of SiO2 concentrations (62.27–64.59 wt.%), high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, δ18O values of 6.31‰–6.82‰, and low εNdt and εHft values (−12.6 to −10.9 and −11.4 to −6.6, respectively) that are similar to the values obtained for the contemporaneous Yao’an lamprophyres. These data indicate that the Group 1 samples are formed from magmas sourced from a heterogeneous and thickened region of the lower crust containing an enriched mantle component. Group 2 magmas were most likely derived from contemporaneous mafic melts sourced from an ancient region of the lithospheric mantle previously modified by the incorporation of recycled components. The Group 3 samples have distinct Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions that are indicative of derivation from magmas generated by the fractional crystallization of lower crustal melts sourced from ancient enriched mantle of the Yangtze Block. Combining these new data with the results of previous research suggests that the Cenozoic potassic igneous rocks of eastern Tibet were formed as a result of the thinning of the lithospheric mantle and an associated crustal collapse event, potentially representing a regional late Eocene to early Oligocene transition from compression to transtension in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. These potassic igneous rocks are contemporaneous with or are younger than igneous rocks in the Qiangtang Block, suggesting that the magmatic response to the India–Asia collisional event was initiated in the central Tibetan Plateau before propagating towards the eastern margin of this region.
Use of Particulate Diverter During Acid Treatments Progress in Carbonate Assets in Northern Region of Mexico
Authors: Medina Eber , Flores Alejandro , Campos Katya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Enhancing stimulation treatments in carbonate reservoirs is a continuous process that includes input from previous operations and production results. Individually, stimulation provides an opportunity to improve the treatment design by means of various factors, such as changes to rates and volumes, new fluid designs, use of nitrogen to increase energy and recover additional fluid after the operation, changes to the well completion, novel diversion techniques, and additional additives. These factors affect overall optimization of fluid distribution. This paper discusses the use of particulate diverter systems during acidizing treatments and highlights how such treatments have progressed. A case study of a carbonate formation in northern Mexico is also presented.
A carbonate field in northern Mexico was analyzed in 2010 to implement a stimulation treatment. The operations ranged initially from reactive and nonreactive stimulation treatments at low-pumping rates to hydraulic acid fracturing in a single formation. After understanding the use of hydraulic acid fracturing in a single zone, multiple formation zones were fractured to improve production while introducing changes in the well completion to enable a faster operation. Multiple acid fracturing treatments during a single intervention were performed with a particulate diversion material to increase the zonal coverage. The successful diversion application has been documented using diagnostics, such as temperature profiles and radioactive tracers.
When a reactive and nonreactive stimulation treatment was performed, the average production in the field was 30 BOPD. Later, with the implementation of hydraulic acid fracturing in a single interval (more than 20 fracturing operations), the average production per well increased to 100 BOPD. More recently, in the last 15 wells, the application of fracturing improvements and the stimulation of two to three zones using particulate diversion to distribute the fluid achieved average production results of approximately 300 BOPD. These results represent a threefold increase since the initial fracturing operations and a tenfold increase since stimulation operations began in the field.
Improvements in acid diversion techniques using particulate diverters has provided significant advantages by enabling effective treatment of several zones in one step, without stopping the operation. This paper describes the design and implementation of the diverting system used during the case study to improve production in a carbonate formation.