bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drying characteristics and product quality of whole blueberry pulp in vacuum drying process
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Li Yonghuan , Xie Hui , Zhang Jianliang , Wu Zhonghua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A pilot-scale vacuum dryer with visualization system was used to study the drying characteristics of the whole blueberry pulp. The heating temperature, operating pressure and initial material thickness had significant effects on the drying characteristics and the retentions of total monomeric anthocyanins and vitamin C in dried blueberry powder (P < 0.05). According the heat transfer mode inside the material, the whole drying process could be divided into three periods: the boiling drying period, the convective drying period, and the conductive drying period. Most of water in the material was evaporated in the boiling and convective drying period. Considering the drying characteristics and dried product quality comprehensively, an optimal drying condition for whole blueberry pulp were: heating temperature 70 °C, operating pressure 1 kPa, and the initial material thickness 5 mm. It further compared the drying time, nutrients retention, hygroscopicity and microstructure of the product obtained by vacuum and vacuum freeze drying. The drying time of vacuum drying (1.2 h) was much shorter than that of vacuum freeze drying (44 h); the retentions of the total monomeric anthocyanins and vitamin C in dried blueberry powder of vacuum drying (67.9, 46.7%) were lower than that of vacuum freeze drying (79.0, 85.8%); while the hygroscopicity of vacuum dried powder was less than that of the freeze-dried product. The SEM images displayed that the surface of the vacuum-dried blueberry powder was porous, and the vacuum freeze-dried product was lamellar.
English as Eastern: Zhuang, Mongolian, Mandarin, and English in the linguistic orders of globalized China
Authors: Grey Alexandra , Baioud Gegentuul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSocially constructed and globally propagated East-West binaries have influenced language ideologies about English in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), but they are not hegemonic. This essay explores how East-West language ideologies are reformed in mergers with Mandarin-minority language ideologies. It discusses two separate but similar recent studies of minority language speakers and language ideologies in the PRC, respectively by Grey and Baioud. Each study reveals aspects of how Mandarin and English are being socially constructed as on the same side of a dichotomous and hierarchic linguistic and social order, in contradistinction to minority languages. The essay thus problematizes the construction of English as a Western language and Mandarin as an Eastern language; both in academic discourses and in wider social and political discourses. The essay uses Asif Agha’s theory of “enregisterment” to unify the points drawn from each study. It concludes that the language ideologies and practices/discourses under examination reproduce the displacement of a subaltern status; we describe this process as dynamic, internal Orientalism and “recursive” Orientalism, drawing on foundational theory of language ideologies. This essay paves the way for further studies of recursive Orientalism.
Ideologies of English in Asia: an editorial
Authors: Grey Alexandra , Lising Loy , Cho Jinhyun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
That English has spread in Asia is well-known, but this critical reflection, and the five contributions and book review that we hereby introduce, contribute to rectifying the relative absence in the sociology of language literature of studies approaching language ideologies and practices in specific Asian contexts from local perspectives. We are not alone; our inspections of journal archives show that scholars are increasingly responding to this relative absence in recent years. What this special issue offers is further diversity of both authors and cases, and moreover this special issue draws attention to the immutable, binary structure underlying the various globally-circulating discourses of the East and the West as part of investigating how socially constructed East-West binaries interact with language ideologies about English and other languages. It shifts the attention from fixity – East versus West – to diversity, extending East to Easts and West to Wests as our contributors identify and examine multiple, endogenous “imaginative geograph[ies]” (from Arif Dirlik’s [1996] “Chinese history and the question of Orientalism”, History and Theory 35(4): 97) constructed through various Orientalist ideologies. It founds this approach on a combination of the theory of recursive language ideologies and critical Orientalism scholarship. This is generative of new and useful sociolinguistic analyses. Having laid out this theoretical extension, this editorial then provides an overview of the issue’s contributions, which examine how socially constructed East-West binaries are interacting with language ideologies about English and other languages on sub-national scales in various Asian contexts including in Korea, China, Japan, Tajikistan and Pakistan.
Using Symbolic Regression Models to Predict the Pressure Loss of Non-Newtonian Polymer-Melt Flows through Melt-Filtration Systems with Woven Screens
Authors: Pachner S. , Roland W. , Aigner M. , Marschik C. , Stritzinger U. , Miethlinger J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
When selecting a melt-filtration system, the initial pressure drop is a critical parameter. We used heuristic optimization algorithms to develop general analytical equations for estimating the dimensionless pressure loss of square and Dutch woven screens in polymer processing and recycling. We present a mathematical description – without the need for further numerical methods – of the dimensionless pressure loss of non-Newtonian polymer melt-flows through woven screens. Applying the theory of similarity, we first simplified, and then transformed into dimensionless form, the governing equations. By varying the characteristic independent dimensionless influencing parameters, we created a comprehensive parameter set. For each design point, the nonlinear governing equations were solved numerically. We subsequently applied symbolic regression based on genetic programming to develop models for the dimensionless pressure drop. Finally, we validated our models against experiments using both virgin and slightly contaminated in-house and post-industrial recycling materials. Our regression models predict the experimental data accurately, yielding a mean relative error of MRE = 13.7%. Our modeling approach, the accuracy of which we have proven, allows fast and stable prediction of the initial pressure drop of polymer-melt flows through square woven and Dutch weave screens, rendering further numerical simulations unnecessary.
A geometric approach to Quillen’s conjecture
Authors: Díaz Ramos Antonio , Mazza Nadia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe introduceadmissible collectionsfor a finite group 𝐺 and use them to prove that most of the finite classical groups in non-defining characteristic satisfy theQuillen dimension at 𝑝 property, a strong version of Quillen’s conjecture, at a given odd prime divisor 𝑝 of|G|\lvert G\rvert. Compared to the methods in [M. Aschbacher and S. D. Smith, On Quillen’s conjecture for the 𝑝-groups complex,Ann. of Math. (2)137(1993), 3, 473–529], our techniques are simpler.
The First City and First Soul in Plato’sRepublic
Authors: Green Jerry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne puzzling feature of Plato’sRepublicis the First City or ‘city of pigs’. Socrates praises the First City as a “true”, “healthy” city, yet Plato abandons it with little explanation. I argue that the problem is not a political failing, as most previous readings have proposed: the First City is a viable political arrangement, where one can live a deeply Socratic lifestyle. But the First City has a psychological corollary, that the soul is simple rather than tripartite. Plato sees this ‘First Soul’ as an inaccurate model of moral psychology, and so rejects it, along with its political analogue.
Wandalgarius’ Letters of the Law: Figural Initials and Book Culture in the Late Eighth Century
Authors: Kitzinger Beatrice 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Long sidelined by art historians, the Wandalgarius Codex is a compendium of legal texts dated to 793 that represents an early venture in a trend associated with the 790s: populating initial letters with lively figures. This article centers the Wandalgarius Codex in discussion of experimental book illumination in the late eighth century. The decade saw re-definition of the visual organization of books, the uses illumination could serve, and the ways manuscripts in many genres reflected and shaped projects of education and reform. The essay sets Wandalgarius’ approach to initials in conversation with the well-known Gellone Sacramentary, and investigates the scribe-draftsman’s characterization of his own work as an ambitious contemporary book-maker.
Une figure sculptée de saint Aré conservée au Bayerisches Nationalmuseum de Munich : Michel Colombe et la sculpture tourangelle hors les murs ?*
Authors: Guillouët Jean-Marie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the rooms of the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich, the astonishing sculpture of Saint Are stands out. The sixth-century bishop of Nevers is depicted lying dead on the bottom of the small boat that miraculously sailed up the Loire as far as the village of Decize. It is for the church of this locality that this sculpture was made, probably after depredations committed to the treasure of the sanctuary in 1484. A stylistic analysis reveals the close links of this work with contemporary sculpture in Touraine, particularly with the anonymous figure of a bishop now kept in Saint-Saturnin at Limeray (Indre-et- Loire). The same hand of an artist who seems to have worked in the entourage of Michel Colombe must be recognized in both works. The documented presence of the great sculptor in Moulins in 1484 further supports this presumption.
Resonating embodiment
Authors: Sherris Ari , Schaefer Paul , Kosiaku Eden 
Published: September 2021

The Safaliba are an Indigenous Ghanaian ethnolinguistic group of 7,000–9,000 people (Sherris, Schaefer and Mango Aworo, 2019). They mostly inhabit their traditional lands in a rural area of Ghana’s Savannah Region. There are seven towns and villages where Safaliba (the name of both their language and themselves as a people) is a dominant communicative language resource, as well as another seven towns where Safaliba as a communicative language resource is subordinate (see Fig. 1) to approximately eleven additional Indigenous Ghanaian languages (e.g., Birifor, Choruba, Dagaare, Deg, Gonja, Jula, Kamara, Lobiri, Siti, Vagla, and Waali). Safaliba is a Gur language with an expanding and vibrant, although small, grassroots literacy activity in five government primary schools, two private primary schools, and one informal adult education program. Safaliba storytellers, poets, and teenagers in the communities are using the language in booklets, newsletters, and in some experimental attempts at Safaliba Hip Hop. The purpose of this paper is to document Safaliba metaphors that have as their source domain the human body and their target domain everyday human interactions. We argue that these target domains, although abstract, transform the limits of embodiment and thereby resonate with similar materiality. For instance, if we look at the verb phrase le o? baya poo, which literally means /fall between someone’s legs/, in conceptual metaphor theory that would be the source domain. Its target domain is its figurative meaning, which for the Safaliba is /to beg someone for help or something/. The target domain resonates with components of the original embodied state of something or someone falling between the legs of another, yet is transformed to mean, metaphorically, an abstraction – to supplicate, beg, plead. Another example would be dibi nye?a, which as a source domain means /press chest/, and its target domain is the figurative /console, comfort/.
The semantic extensions of tu ‘to uproot’/‘to pull out’ in Nzema discourse
Authors: Yakub Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Nzema refers to both the language and the people who speak it. The language is spoken predominantly among the people who occupy the South-west part of the Western Region of Ghana as well as some parts of Côte d’Ivoire (Annan, 1980, 1994). Nzema forms part of the Niger-Congo Kwa language family. Many studies across languages have had their focus on the basic and extended usages of ‘eat’ and ‘drink’ (ingestion) verbs. Among such studies are Prins (1993), Newman (1997), Atintono and Adjei (2008), Aikhenvald (2009), Adjei (2013), Agyepong, Amfo and Osam (2017), and Otoo (2017). Several works, including Agyekum (2002, 2013, 2015a, 2015b, 2016) and Otoo (2018) have also examined the metaphorical extensions of human body parts and verbs of perception. In Nzema, however, studies on cultural schemas and conceptualisations are scanty. This paper, therefore, explores the basic and metaphorical interpretations of the disconnection verb, tu ‘to uproot’/‘to pull out’ in Nzema communication. The paper relies on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) with insights from ‘Cultural Conceptual Metaphors’ (Sharifian, 2011). Data were obtained from spontaneous natural speech contexts among the Nzema. Additional data were gathered by consulting other written sources like Nzema novels and drama books to extract some expressions involving the verb tu. Interviews with knowledgeable Indigenous speakers and my introspection as a native speaker were significantly brought to bear on this study. The paper finds that the basic sense of the verb is possibly projected to describe other abstract notions such as tu ahonle ‘heart uproot’ (to be afraid); tu ay?ne ‘uproot witchcraft’ (to drive a demon out of a person), tu belemgbunli ‘uproot a chief’ (to distool a chief), tu edw?k? sie (to postpone/adjourn a case), among others. The paper shows that the verb tu is ‘polysemous’, and can participate in causative/inchoative alternation.
A comprehensive evaluation of knowledge and perceptions regarding geriatric dentistry among Saudi Arabian dental students
Authors: Aldhuwayhi Sami 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The purpose of thestudy was to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of Arabian dental students on geriatric dentistry.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 100 participants were selected [25 from 3rd-and 4th-year students (Group I) and 5th-year students and interns (Group II)]. All participants were completed a three-part [(Part I (knowledge) and II (cognitive evaluation) and III (awareness and attitude of psychosocial and health problems)] questionnaire related to geriatric dentistry. The comparisons were made among the Groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 21.0.IBM Corp) software.
Results: The responses on the knowledge of the geriatric population and their oral health (Part I) questionnaire among groups were not statistically significant (p >0.05). The knowledge mean scores comparison showed a significant relationship evident among the groups (p<0.05). Overall all Group II participants achieved the highest scores for Part I (p>0.05), Part II (p<0.05), and Part III A&B (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The students belong to 5th-year, and Interns achieved high scores compared to 3rd- and 4th- years students. Dental students and interns in Saudi Arabia lack positive approaches to providing primary health care to geriatric individuals despite a rapidly growing geriatric population.
Portosystemic shunting procedures for complicated portal hypertension: modern opportunities of mini-invasive technique
Authors: Khoronko Yu. V. , Kosovtsev E. V. , Kozyrevskiy M. A. , Khoronko E. Yu. , Krivorotov N. A. , Chesnokov V. V. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To improve the results of treatment for patients with complicated portal hypertension of cirrhotic genesis using the transjugular intahepatic portosystemic shunt with endovascular obliteration of the inflow pathways to the esophageal-gastric varicose veins.Material and methods. Transjugular intahepatic portosystemic shunt was performed in 172 patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. The patients were divided into 3 clinical groups. The shunting procedure was applied to 62 patients. Another 110 patients underwent transjugular intahepatic portosystemic shunt and selective obliteration of the esophageal-gastric vein inflow pathways. The short-term and long-term results (up to 140 months), the incidence of thrombosis, recurrent bleeding and mortality, as well as their relationship with the established risk factors for complications were traced.Results. All patients achieved an effective reduction in the portosystemic pressure gradient and a reduction in the manifestations of portal hypertension. Recurrence of bleeding caused by shunt thrombosis occurred in 23 (13.3%) patients. In clinical group I (n = 62), this complication was noted in 9 (14.5%) patients, in II (n = 54) – 11 (20.4%) cases, in III (n = 56) – only in 3 (5.4%) cases. Bleeding-free survival decreased from 1.0 to 0.82 in 83.9 months, then plateaued. A sharp decrease in the Kaplan–Meier curve from 1.0 to 0.88 was observed within 24.5 months after the intervention. The largest number of deaths was in group I (30.6%), the smallest in group III (7.1%).Conclusion. Transjugular intahepatic portosystemic shunt supplemented by obliteration the inflows of the esophagealgastric varicose veins provides complete eradication of varicose veins, helps to reduce the frequency of recurrent bleeding and death.
Neochamanismo urbano : engaño, abuso y poder en la comunidad carare, de Betty Sánchez Sarmiento.
Authors: Lara Largo Sofía 
Published: September 2021

Esta autoetnografía aborda el proceso de emergencia, consolidación y legitimación de un liderazgo, denominado por la autora como neochamánico, así como la amplia gama de prácticas de poder que éste instauró, cooptando la fe y la confianza de aquellos que se volvieron sus seguidores y súbditos asiduos. La vivencia, por más de diez años en el seno de una comunidad neochamánica urbana, le permite a la narradora hacer un retrato estremecedor de la experiencia vivida y de la manera en que se estableció un fino andamiaje de la creencia, particularmente reglamentado y cooptado, que desembocaría en el despliegue de un régimen de violencia moral, espiritual, de género y sexual. El liderazgo enceguecedor del neochamán, mediado por plantas asociadas a rituales indígenas diversos, como el yajé, el mambe de coca y el ambil, determinaría años de vivencias hiperritualizadas. Estas experiencias, permeadas por visiones altamente estereotipadas del mundo indígena y por la omnipresencia del liderazgo neochamánico, generaron, en algunos miembros de la denominada Comunidad de Paz Carare de Pensamiento Bonito (CPCPB), consecuencias dolorosas y traumáticas. Los fenómenos descritos, a lo largo de esta narración detallada de lugares, de relaciones entre humanos, de encuentros y desencuentros entre humanos y plantas, de hitos vitales coyunturales, llevarán a la autora, en su conclusión, a asociar lo vivido con fenómenos más amplios ya conocidos de deriva sectaria.
Kahramanmaraş İli Yaban Hayatı Memeli Faunası
Authors: YÜRÜMEZ Gökhan 
Published: September 2021

Yapılan literatür çalışmalarında Kahramanmaraş ilinde yayılış yapması muhtemel 39 memeli hayvan türü
belirlenmiştir. 2016-2020 yılları arasında Kahramanmaraş ilinde ve kırsal alanlarında gerçekleştirilen bu
çalışmada, 424 lokalitede toplam 55 gün arazi ve gözlem çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar sırasında,
doğrudan gözlemler için türün görülmesinin yanı sıra dürbün, video kamera, DSLR kamera ve kamera tuzakları
kullanılırken; dolaylı gözlem yöntemleri için ayak izleri, dışkı, ağaçların soyulması ve besin artıkları
kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca yöre halkı ile anket çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Yapılan arazi ve gözlem çalışmaları sonucu,
Kahramanmaraş ilinde 6 takım, 20 familyaya ait 33 memeli türü tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, yaban kedisi
(Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777) ve çizgili sırtlanın (Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758)) Kahramanmaraş ilinden
ilk kez kaydı verilmiştir. Türlerin koruma durumları IUCN, BERN, CITES ve MAKK kriterlerine göre
değerlendirilmiştir.
Kahramanmaraş İlinde Bina İçi Mevsimsel Radon Gazı Aktivitesi Ölçümü
Authors: KÜÇÜKÖNDER Erdal 
Published: September 2021

Radon gazı; Uranyum ve Toryumun radyoaktif bozunmasıyla oluşan kokusuz, tatsız ve renksiz bir gazdır. Radon gazı 238U radyoaktif serisinde bulunan 226Ra’ nın kız çekirdeğidir. 222Rn, 5.490 MeV enerjili alfa parçacıkları yayımlayarak bozunur. Alfa parçacıkları en yüksek iyonlaştırmaya sahip parçacıklar olduğu için radon gazının solunması ciddi akciğer hastalıklarına neden olabilir. Günlük hayatımızda maruz kaldığımız radyasyon dozunun %54’nün özellikle 222Rn kaynaklandığı bilinmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütüne (WHO) ve A.B.D. Çevre Koruma Ajansına (EPA) göre; radon gazı, sigaradan sonra akciğer kanserinin ikincil önde gelen sebebidir.
Bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi (KSÜ), Avşar yerleşkesinde bulunan tüm binalarda bina içi, mevsimsel olarak Radon gazı aktivitesi DURRIDGE Rad7 elektronik radon detektörü kullanılarak ölçüldü. Bu çalışmada amaç, tüm çalışanlar ve öğrencilerin sağlık açısından ne kadar risk altında olduğunu gözlemlemektir. Bina içi kışlık radon konsantrasyon değerleri 53.12±16 Bq m-3 ile 8.52±3 Bq m-3 arasındadır. Yazlık radon konsantrasyon değerleri 22.79±9 Bq m-3 ile 4.74±1 Bq m-3 arasındadır. Bu değerler tavsiye edilen sınır değerlerin altında olduğu bulundu.
Optimal configuration of a seismographic network: A statistical approach
Authors: Rabinowitz Nitzan , Steinberg David M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider the problem of selecting sites for a seismographic network so that the network resolution will be optimal. Configurations are compared via the D-optimality criterion proposed in the statistical literature on optimal design of experiments. Optimal configurations are found using the efficient DETMAX algorithm. We also show how to implement the criterion and the algorithm in the presence of spatially correlated error terms.
Some observations on data compression for digital strong-motion accelerograms
Authors: Peng Chia-Yen , Iwan W. D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of data compression for digital strong-motion accelerograms. The general characteristics of a class of data compression algorithms based on time history interpolation are discussed. Six particular compression/decompression algorithms are examined in detail. In four of these algorithms only peaks are recorded with different interpolation schemes being used to recover, or decompress, the original acceleration waveform between peaks. The compression/decompression algorithms based on peaks only are observed to result in generally unacceptable errors that are nonuniform in both the time and frequency domain. The remaining two algorithms are based on selectively sampling the data with a prescribed accuracy control. This approach is termed backward successive approximation (BSA). The algorithms store only those points between peaks which are required to maintain the desired accuracy. One algorithm also incorporates a complementary differential bit reduction (DBR) scheme to further reduce the storage required. An optimum balance between accuracy and degree of compression is achieved when the BSA and DBR schemes are combined.