bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Price Dispersion and the Costs of Inflation
Authors: HAHN VOLKER 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe new Keynesian literature typically makes the assumption that firms always have to satisfy demand, which is at odds with profit‐maximizing behavior under Calvo pricing when long‐run inflation is positive. Our model, which relaxes this assumption, predicts that inflation causes a substantially smaller loss in effective aggregate productivity compared to a benchmark model without the possibility of rationing. Moreover, under positive inflation, firms choose smaller markups over marginal costs in our model than in the benchmark model. As a result, our analysis suggests that the standard new Keynesian model may exaggerate the welfare costs of inflation.
Parents' friends and families in neonatal intensive care units: A cross‐national qualitative study on staff perceptions and experiences
Authors: Flacking Renée , Haslund‐Thomsen Helle , Jónsdóttir Rakel , Poropudas Sini , Axelin Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to explore staff attitudes and experiences of parents' friends and families' social presence and involvement in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).BackgroundIn NICUs, parents need emotional and practical support during infant hospitalisation. Friends and families of parents may constitute the most significant providers in this support, but few studies are available on when and how these ‘important others’ can be present and involved.DesignThis qualitative descriptive study was based in the philosophical tenets of naturalistic inquiry.MethodsSeven focus groups were conducted where 67 staff from Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden participated. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study was reported following the COREQ guidelines and checklist.ResultsThe overarching theme showed that ‘important others’ were an unaddressed group of potential supporters in the periphery. The five identified themes described how staff recognised ‘important others’ as the parents' territory, but that ‘important others'’ presence and involvement needed to be negotiated with staff. Although the staff regarded ‘important others’ as necessary for parents' emotional, practical and social support, they felt less obligated to support them as part of their work remit. The staff also felt that inclusion of ‘important others’ was an essential step forward in achieving family centred care.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that ‘important others'’ involvement was primarily guided by proactive parents and unit care culture rather than by staff's formal written guidelines or guidance. Single‐family rooms seemed to enhance the presence and involvement of ‘important others’.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for more staff resources to enable and support the participation of ‘important others’. Parents need to be included during the development of policies to provide their experiences. Finally, more research is needed on what parents wish from their ‘important others’.
Atypical sensory functions and eating behaviors among adults on the autism spectrum: One‐on‐one interviews
Authors: Singh Asmita , Seo Han‐Seok 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAtypical eating behaviors such as food selectivity, limited intake, and specific mealtime requirements are common among individuals on the autism spectrum. This study aimed at achieving a better understanding of how atypical eating behaviors might be associated with specific sensory functions and consumption environments, through firsthand accounts of autistic individuals. A total of 23 autistic adults participated in one‐on‐one interviews related to sensory experiences in general, sensory experiences during eating or drinking, and eating behavior and food preference. While the results revealed that reactivities to sensory inputs vary among autistic individuals, certain patterns were recognized; for example, most participants mentioned high sensitivity to sound cues both in general and in eating‐related experiences. Sensory cues reflecting qualities of sourness, bitterness, or spiciness were also considered to be highly intense, leading to dislike of food or beverage items with such cues. Atypical sensitivities in each modality were found to affect food choice and preference in autistic individuals. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence of atypical sensory perception and eating behavior among autistic adults.Practical ApplicationsAutism has become increasingly prevalent around the world, with 1 in 54 children so diagnosed in the United States. Feeding issues related to this disorder that might affect nutritional adequacy are among the major concerns of parents with autistic children. Parents also report stress and disruption of daily family activities related to such feeding issues, leading to conflicts, disrupted routines, and degraded social life of family members. Moreover, as the children grow up their eating behavior can hinder both their social life and their degree of independence. Identifying key factors related to sensory sensitivities and their influences on food choice and preference would be a first step in understanding how food‐related experiences can be perceived by autistic individuals. The results of this study will be helpful for autistic people who want to relieve their feeding issues and to know that their food‐related experiences may be shared by others on the spectrum. In addition, the results can inform autistic individuals' family members, educators, product developers, and sensory professionals, who want to develop strategies to improve the eating experiences of autistic people.
A comparison of continuous and intermittent EEG recordings in geese: How much data are needed to reliably estimate sleep–wake patterns?
Authors: van Hasselt Sjoerd J. , Verhulst Simon , Piersma Theunis , Rattenborg Niels C. , Meerlo Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent technological advancements allow researchers to measure electrophysiological parameters of animals, such as sleep, in remote locations by using miniature dataloggers. Yet, continuous recording of sleep might be constrained by the memory and battery capacity of the recording devices. These limitations can be alleviated by recording intermittently instead of continuously, distributing the limited recording capacity over a longer period. We assessed how reduced sampling of sleep recordings affected measurement precision of NREM sleep, REM sleep, and Wake. We analysed a dataset on sleep in barnacle geese that we resampled following 12 different recording schemes, with data collected for 1 min per 5 min up to 1 min per 60 min in steps of 5 min. Recording 1 min in 5 min still yielded precise estimates of hourly sleep–wake values (correlations of 0.9) while potentially extending the total recording period by a factor of 5. The correlation strength gradually decreased to 0.5 when recording 1 min per 60 min. For hourly values of Wake and NREM sleep, the correlation strength in winter was higher compared with summer, reflecting more fragmented sleep in summer. Interestingly for hourly values of REM sleep, correlations were unaffected by season. Estimates of total 24 h sleep–wake values were similar for all intermittent recording schedules compared to the continuous recording. These data indicate that there is a large safe range in which researchers can periodically record sleep. Increasing the sample size while maintaining precision can substantially increase the statistical power, and is therefore recommended whenever the total recording time is limited.
Protection of geographical indications and cross‐border trade: A survey of legal and regulatory frameworks in East Africa
Authors: Mwakaje Saudin J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeographical indications (GIs), one of a subset of intellectual property rights (IPR), have recently assumed significant role in regulating variety of sectoral policies and national and regional, and international levels. Its relevance makes it one of the critical agenda in areas such as agriculture and international trade. Internationally, the articulation of GIs under TRIPs Agreement remains unclear and leaves policy and regulatory space for each country to choose their own path. The Continental Strategy for Geographical Indications in Africa—2018–2023 has introduced a new dimension about GIs. Legal instruments governing the East African Community (EAC) proffer a harmonized policy and regulatory framework for IPR as one of the means to attain the regional objectives. However, laws governing GIs in the partner states of EAC vary in terms of the nature and scope of protection and the underlying regulatory structures, resulting into heterogeneity in GIs protection in each country. Amid this regulatory dilemma, this paper examines the GIs laws in EAC by bringing to the fore the obtaining substantive and procedural differences amongst the partner states to EAC. The paper, among others, proposes a centralized regional approach for GIs protection to attain EAC's objective.
Towards a best‐practices guide for camera trapping: assessing differences among camera trap models and settings under field conditions
Authors: Palencia P. , Vicente J. , Soriguer R. C. , Acevedo P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCamera trapping is a widely used tool in wildlife research and conservation, and a plethora of makes and models of camera traps have emerged. However, insufficient attention has been paid to testing their performance, particularly under field conditions. In this study, we have comparatively tested five of the most frequently used makes of camera trap (Bushnell, KeepGuard, Ltl Acorn, Reconyx and Scoutguard) to identify the key factors behind their probability of detection (i.e. the probability that the camera successfully capturing a usable photograph of an animal passing through the field of view) and trigger speed (i.e. the time delay between the instant at which a motion is detected, and the time at which the picture is taken). We used 45 cameras (nine devices of each make) with infrared flash in a field experiment in which a continuous remote video was used in parallel (as a gold‐standard) to discover the animals that entered the camera trap detection zone. The period (day/night), distance between animals and cameras, model, species, deployment height and activation sensitivity were significantly related to the probability of detection. This probability was lower during the night than during the day. There was a greater probability of detecting a given species when the cameras were set at its shoulder height. The interaction between species and the distance between the animals and the cameras significantly affected the trigger speed, meaning that the closer the animals that entered the detection zone, the higher the trigger speed, with substantial differences among species. This was probably related by movement speed. In conclusion, this study shows differences in the performance of camera trap models and settings, signifying that caution is required when making direct comparisons among results obtained in different experiments, or when designing new ones. These results provide empirical guidelines for best practices in camera trapping and highlight the relevance of field experiments for testing the performance of the camera traps.
Gaps in the implementation and uptake of maternal nutrition interventions in antenatal care services in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and India
Authors: Sanghvi Tina , Nguyen Phuong H. , Tharaney Manisha , Ghosh Sebanti , Escobar‐Alegria Jessica , Mahmud Zeba , Walissa Tamirat , Zafimanjaka Maurice , Kim Sunny 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntenatal care (ANC) is the largest health platform globally for delivering maternal nutrition interventions (MNIs) to pregnant women. Yet, large missed opportunities remain in nutrition service delivery. This paper examines how well evidence‐based MNIs were incorporated in national policies and programs in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and India. We compared the nutrition content of ANC protocols against global recommendations. We used survey data to elucidate the coverage of micronutrient supplementation, weight gain monitoring, dietary and breastfeeding counselling. We reviewed literature, formative research and program assessments to identify barriers and enabling factors of service provision and maternal nutrition practices. Nutrition information in national policies and protocols was often fragmented, incomplete and did not consistently follow global recommendations. Nationally representative data on MNIs in ANC was inadequate, except for iron and folic acid supplementation. Coverage data from subnational surveys showed similar patterns of strengths and weaknesses. MNI coverage was consistently lower than ANC coverage with the lowest coverage of weight gain monitoring and variable coverage of dietary and breastfeeding counselling. Key common factors associated with coverage were micronutrient supply disruptions; suboptimal counselling on maternal diet, weight gain, and breastfeeding; and limited or no record keeping. Adherence of women to micronutrient supplementation and dietary recommendations was low and associated with late and too few ANC contacts, poor maternal knowledge and self‐efficacy, and insufficient family and community support. Models of comprehensive nutrition protocols and health systems that deliver maternal nutrition services in ANC are urgently needed along with national data systems to track progress.
The China Model and Its Detractors in Iran
Authors: Akbarzadeh Shahram , Pargoo Mahmoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, China's rapid economic growth has become a hot topic for politicians and intellectuals in Iran. Iranian views on China and its development model are ambiguous and contradictory, despite exponential growth in trade between the two countries. Three broad views have emerged in Iran about the Chinese way of progress. The pragmatic moderates advocate rapid economic development while keeping tight political control, which is broadly known as the China model. Two other political factions have ambivalent views on China. Hardliners focus on the Islamic‐Iranian Model of Progress but also admire some aspects of China's policies, especially its opposition to unilateralism in international affairs. Political reforms and social freedom are central to reformists’ views. On this ground, reformists are uncomfortable with the China model. During the Covid‐19 pandemic, China's aid diplomacy in Iran and critical remarks by an Iranian health authority about China provided a pretext for a more open debate about Sino–Iranian relations, in general, and the China model, in particular. The range of views expressed on the matter confirms our assessment that there is a wide gap between political camps in relation to the applicability of the China model to Iran.
Shii‐Kurd Relations in Post‐2003 Iraq: Visions of Nationalism
Authors: Machlis Elisheva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRegime change in Iraq provided a new opportunity for Shiis and Kurds to create a new power‐sharing system. These two persecuted communities embraced a democratic‐federal system based on a combined civic and ethnocultural model. Analyzing this new alliance, this article argues that there were prominent forces within both communities that did not uphold an essentialist sense of identity, thus providing a basis for mutual recognition, as reflected in the new constitution. However, while in theory there was room for mitigating sectarian and ethnic boundaries, in practice, the differences assumed a much larger place, as reflected in the power struggle between Baghdad and Erbil. The process of unifying Iraq lacked an in‐depth debate over the place of diverse national narratives, together with an effort toward people‐to‐people contact. Concurrently, the struggle against the jihadists enhanced Shii‐Kurdish interdependency, while the battle of Kirkuk led to greater pragmatism. Post‐2003 Iraq provides a challenging case of democratization and regime change, due to the need for a delicate balancing act between power and multiple visions of religion and ethnic identity while contemplating multiple visions of nationalism.
How Russia Exploited Nationalism in Turkey to Expand Its Influence in Syria
Authors: Özpek Burak Bilgehan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAfter the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) lost its parliamentary majority in the June 2015 national elections, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan sparked the re‐emergence of nationalism and changed the course of Turkish politics. This was a vulgar, populist version of nationalism based on pillars such as a militaristic approach toward the Kurdish question, anti‐Americanism, conspiracy theories, and a refusal to accept universal norms. With the help of this nationalism, Erdoğan managed to stop the decline of the AKP and further consolidate his power. Russia has been the primary beneficiary of rising nationalism in Turkey. President Vladimir Putin has been able to manipulate the irrationality at the heart of Erdoğan's populist nationalism. First, the withdrawal of Turkish‐backed rebel groups has enabled the government of Bashar al‐Assad to establish authority over Aleppo in Syria's north. Second, Turkey has accepted guardianship over Idlib, an isolation camp designed to ensure that jihadist groups do not pose a threat to the Assad regime. Third, Russia has expanded its sphere of influence to the west of the Euphrates by setting up bases in Manbij, Raqqa, Haseke, and Kobane. Fourth, Russia received $2.5 billion in cash for its sale of S‐400 air defense systems to Turkey. Finally, Turkey's shifting foreign‐policy axis has jeopardized the harmony among NATO members. This picture shows that nationalism not only helps governments to rally people around the same flag; it is also an opportunity to maximize other states’ foreign‐policy goals.
The Effects of Textually Enhanced Captions on Written Elicited Imitation in L2 Grammar
Authors: GARCÍA–AMAYA LORENZO , CINTRÓN–VALENTÍN MYRNA C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs second language (L2) research adapts to the dynamics of multimodal instruction, researchers are exploring the role of captioning and textual enhancement (TE) on learner development. The present experiment assesses the differential effects of textually enhanced captions on learners’ elicited imitation of L2 Spanish grammar. Twenty‐eight English‐speaking intermediate L2 Spanish learners saw 3 videos that focused on gustar‐type verbs, the preterite–imperfect contrast, or the subjunctive. Each video included 3 conditions: sentences without captions (NC); sentences with target verbs highlighted entirely (TE1); or sentences with highlighting on inflectional morphemes (TE2). Using a novel written elicited imitation task, we uncovered consistent positive effects of both TE conditions compared to NC, with an added advantage of TE2 for the subjunctive. The findings demonstrate that (a) TE with captions contributes to increased L2 accuracy, (b) the elicited imitation of some grammatical structures is more conducive to enhancement than others, and (c) there is space for future investigation into the factors that mediate the effectiveness of multimodal interventions.
The asymmetric impact of oil price shocks on economic uncertainty: evidence from the asymmetric NARDL model
Authors: Aimer Nagmi , Lusta Abdulmula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the asymmetric effects of the oil price on economic policy uncertainty for the period from January 1997 to May 2021 using a non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag approach. The results of the bounds test indicate that there is a long‐run equilibrium relationship between the economic uncertainty index and oil price. Furthermore, we conclude that the long‐run equilibrium relationship is a usual logical relationship and not a degraded relationship. The results of the asymmetric effects in the short and long term also showed that the positive and negative shocks to oil prices have an asymmetric effect on the EPU index. In addition, the negative shock may have a greater absolute effect in the long run. Our results are important to both investors interested in the oil market, as well as for policymakers.
Financial statement timeliness and bond‐price dispersion in the municipal market
Authors: Abbas Yulianti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDisclosure regulations in the municipal market have incurred an interesting policy debate. Many believe that the regulations are good but that they do not go far enough. Prior studies found that after the establishment of electronic municipal market access (EMMA), market efficiency has increased. This study aims to further investigate how EMMA disclosure exactly removes information asymmetry and improves price formation in the municipal markets. Our analysis indicates a significant lack of financial statement timeliness even after EMMA's establishment. To measure timeliness, we use information staleness (total information delay) that we segregate into filing delay and postfiling delay. We find that the closer the financial statement filing to the issuance of a new bond (postfiling delay), the lower the bond‐price dispersion. The association holds only if the bonds are traded by both small and large investors, confirming the notion that disparate access to information causes information asymmetry in the municipal market. Regulatory efforts to improve the timeliness of financial information will thus reduce the information asymmetry, enhancing the municipal market efficiency.
“We Will Not Go to the Trenches!”1 the “fusillés pour l’exemple,” Military Disobedience, and Soldiers’ Right to Life
Authors: Mégret Frédéric , Vagliano Raphael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo what extent are soldiers required to accept grave dangers and what might be the implications of their disobedience to orders for a culture of peace? In recent years, soldiers’ rights have come under renewed interest as a result of certain judicial decisions that recognize their right to life, even in combat situations. This article traces this sensitivity to an historical precedent that has heretofore attracted little attention in the English‐speaking literature: the decade‐long effort to rehabilitate the “fusillés pour l’exemple,” French soldiers who were executed for disobedience during World War I. After providing an overview of the context, history, and reasoning of two leading French judicial decisions on those who disobeyed for refusing to engage in attacks they felt would lead to a certain and pointless death, we evaluate the extent to which these decisions presage recent human rights developments and what ongoing lessons they hold for a pacifist sensitivity at the intersection of human rights and the deployment of the military.