bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of early tranexamic acid treatment on fatigue in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: data from the CRASH-3 clinical trial
Authors: Mansukhani Raoul , Belli Antonio , Brenner Amy , Chaudhri Rizwana , Frimley Lauren , Faizah Jamaluddin Sabariah , Jooma Rashid , Shakur-Still Haleema , Shokunbi Temitayo , Roberts Ian 
Published: December 2021

Background: Each year world-wide about 65 million people sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom after mTBI. We examine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on fatigue in patients with mTBI using data from the CRASH-3 trial. Methods: The CRASH-3 trial randomised 9,202 patients with traumatic brain injury and no significant extracranial bleeding to receive TXA or placebo within 3 hours of injury. The primary outcome was death from head injury within 28 days of injury. The methods and results are presented elsewhere. Fatigue was recorded as “None”, “Moderate” or “Extreme.” This study examines the effect of TXA on extreme fatigue in the 2,632 patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score≥13). Our analyses were not prespecified. Results: Our study primary outcome, extreme fatigue, was reported for 10 (0.8%) of 1,328 patients receiving TXA and 19 (1.5%) of 1,288 patients receiving placebo (risk ratio [RR]=0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-1.09). Death within 28 days of injury was reported for 34 (2.6%) of 1,328 patients receiving TXA versus 47 (3.6%) of 1,288 patients receiving placebo (RR=0.70, 95% CI 0.45-1.08). Among patients allocated to TXA, 44 (3.3%) patients either died or reported extreme fatigue versus 66 (5.1%) patients among those allocated to placebo (RR=0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.94). Conclusions: Early tranexamic acid treatment may reduce fatigue in mTBI patients, but these results need to be confirmed in a larger trial. Registration: ISRCTN (ISRCTN15088122, 19/07/2011), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01402882, 26/07/2011), EudraCT (2011-003669-14, 25/07/2011), Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR20121000441277, 30/10/2012).
Filling a Theater During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Blom Danny , Pendavingh Rudi , Spieksma Frits 
Published: December 2021

In the summer of 2020, Music Building Eindhoven (MBE) had to deal with the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for theater halls because governmental regulations were having a severe impact on the occupancy. In particular, MBE faced the challenge of determining how to maximize the number of guests in a theater hall while respecting social distancing rules. We have developed and implemented an optimization model based on trapezoid packings to address this challenge. The model showed that up to 40% of the normal capacity can be realized for a single show setting and up to 70% in cases where artists opt for two consecutive performances per evening without reusing seats. The solution was adopted by MBE with significant monetary and managerial benefits. History: This paper was refereed. This article has been selected for inclusion in the Special Issue on Analytics Remedies to COVID-19. Funding: The research of F. Spieksma is supported by Dutch Research Council (NWO) Gravitation Project NETWORKS [Grant 024.002.003].
Customer Review Provision Policies with Heterogeneous Cluster Preferences
Authors: Xiao Shihong , Chen Ying-Ju , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: December 2021

Companies often post user-generated reviews online so that potential buyers in different clusters (age, geographic region, occupation, etc.) can learn from existing customers about the quality of an experience good and cluster preferences before purchasing. In this paper, we evaluate two common user-generated review provision policies for selling experience goods to customers in different clusters with heterogeneous preferences. The first policy is called the association-based policy (AP) under which a customer in a cluster can only observe the aggregate review (i.e., average rating) generated by users within the same cluster. The second policy is called the global-based policy (GP) under which each customer is presented with the aggregate review generated by all users across clusters. We find that, in general, the firm benefits from a policy that provides a larger number of “relevant reviews” to customers. When customers are more certain about the product quality and when clusters are more diverse, AP is more profitable than GP because it provides cluster-specific reviews to customers. Otherwise, GP is more profitable as it provides a larger number of less relevant reviews. Moreover, we propose a third provision policy that imparts the union of the information by AP and GP and show that it is more profitable for the firm. Although the third policy always renders a higher consumer welfare than GP, it may generate a lower consumer welfare than AP.This paper was accepted by Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor, operations management.
Small Business Lending and Regulation for Small Banks
Authors: Srivastav Abhishek , Vallascas Francesco 
Published: December 2021

Since May 2015 several U.S. Bank Holding Companies (BHCs) have been newly classified as small banks by regulators, thus benefiting from a friendlier regulatory capital environment. Using a difference-in-differences setting, we show that less regulation on small BHCs boosts small business lending of the affiliated commercial banks. We employ various tests to demonstrate that these findings are attributable to a capital channel where increases in lending are driven by the preferential capital treatment granted to the small BHC. The regulatory capital relief also has some positive effects for the local economy. Overall, the effects of the regulatory capital relief for small BHCs are consistent with its desired policy objectives. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Collateral Damage: The Relationship Between High-Salience Events and Variation in Racial Discrimination
Authors: Gorbatai Andreea , Younkin Peter , Burtch Gordon 
Published: December 2021

To what extent are individual or organizational biases affected by racially salient events? We propose that acts of discrimination and the individual biases that undergird them are sensitive to high-salience events and will oscillate with the salience of the focal attribute. In short, that the propensity to discriminate reflects both individual and environmental differences, and therefore a given person may become more prone to discriminate in the aftermath of a high-salience event. We test our hypothesis in three online experiments that examine how varying the salience of race affects the evaluation of in-group or out-group founders. We find that respondents evaluate their in-group members more favorably, and out-group members less favorably, when exposed to a high-salience event, which translates into a significant disadvantage for the minority (African American) group. We complement these studies with an assessment of how police shootings affect fundraising outcomes on Kickstarter to confirm the external validity of our findings. Together, these studies indicate that racially salient events depress the quality evaluations and success odds of African American entrepreneurs relative to others. Hence, discrimination levels can be affected by salient yet unrelated events, and such events are consequential for the economic fortunes of individuals belonging to minority and disadvantaged groups. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1527 .
Interphase interface structure and evolution of a single crystal Ni-based superalloy based on HRTEM image analysis
Authors: He Ruijun , Zhang Hongye , Liu Zhanwei , Wen Huihui , Xie Huimin 
Published: December 2021

Interface plays an important role in determining several properties in multiphase systems. It is also essential for the accurate measurement of the interface structure in a single crystal Ni-based superalloy (SCNBS) under different conditions. In this work, a subpixel accuracy transform method is introduced in detail to measure SCNBS lattice spacing at high temperatures. An intensity ratio analysis based on a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image is employed for SCNBS interface width analysis. In this particular sample, the interface width is about 2 nm. The evolution of the lattice spacing of an ordered

γ
′

phase and a solid solution

γ

matrix is also obtained at high temperatures. The lattice misfit between the matrix

γ

phase and the

γ
′

precipitation increases with the temperature, with values of

−

0.39

%

and

−

0.21

%

at 20°C and 600°C. In addition, the coefficient of the SCNBS thermal expansion at high temperatures is discussed.
Veränderungen für Projektentwickler in der immobilienwirtschaftlichen Transformation – Netzwerkanalyse und Stakeholder-Interviews zur Bestimmung handlungsrelevanter Einflüsse und strategischer Anpassungen
Authors: Wagner Benjamin , Pfnür Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der immobilienwirtschaftlichen Transformation wirken zahlreiche Einflüsse auf den Immobilienprojektentwickler, die für strategische Anpassungen eine unterschiedliche Handlungsrelevanz erzeugen. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie aktuelle strukturelle Umweltveränderungen Projektentwickler beeinflussen sowie welche strategische Anpassungen sich daraus ergeben. Für diesen Zweck untersucht eine Netzwerkanalyse, welche Stakeholder den stärksten Einfluss auf Projektentwickler ausüben und wie sich die Unternehmensumwelt verändert. Datengrundlage ist eine quantitative Befragung von 249 Entscheidungsträgern. Darüber hinaus wurden 28 halbstrukturierte Interviews mit relevanten Stakeholdern geführt, um handlungsrelevante Einflüsse zu identifizieren und den konkreten Handlungsbedarf abzuleiten.Die Ergebnisse zeigen den Projektentwickler in einer gleichermaßen betroffenen und veränderungsindizierenden Rolle. In dieser zentralen Rolle ist es der Projektentwickler, der die maßgeblich durch den Nutzer ausgelösten Veränderungsprozesse in das Wertschöpfungssystem trägt, die wirkenden Einflüsse zwischen den Akteuren managt und somit für die Integration immobilienwirtschaftlicher Wertschöpfungsstufen von Bedeutung ist. Konkret erhöhen veränderte Nutzeranforderungen nach Flexibilität in Flächenbereitstellung und Flächenqualität die Nachfrage nach ganzheitlichen Dienstleistungen von Projektentwicklern. Eine partnerschaftliche Zusammenarbeit zwischen Projektentwicklern und Nutzern ermöglicht die Anpassung bestehender Flächen an die aktuellen Anforderungen neuer Arbeitswelten und liefert Ansätze für die Entwicklung innovativer Formen der Flächenbereitstellung im Sinne von Space-as-a-Service. Für Projektentwickler als zentral vernetzte Akteure entstehen durch vertikale Geschäftsfelderweiterungen Potenziale, die immobilienwirtschaftliche Wertschöpfung mit integrierten Lösungen und Innovationen zu organisieren. Vor allem Building Information Modeling liefert Ansätze datengetriebener Servicemodelle, wobei Unsicherheiten und fehlende Standardisierung noch Hürden darstellen.Die Ergebnisse helfen, die Wirkungsverläufe der immobilienwirtschaftlichen Transformation tiefer zu verstehen. Für Immobilienentwickler bieten sie die Identifikation handlungsrelevanter Einflüsse und strategische Anpassungsoptionen ihrer Geschäftsmodelle.
Occurrence, diversity and distribution of Trypanosoma infections in cattle around the Akagera National Park, Rwanda
Authors: Gashururu S. Richard , Maingi Ndichu , Githigia Samuel M. , Gasana Methode N. , Odhiambo Peter O. , Getange Dennis O. , Habimana Richard , Cecchi Giuliano , Zhao Weining , Gashumba James , Bargul Joel L. , Masiga Daniel K. 
Published: December 2021

Background
African Trypanosomiases threaten the life of both humans and animals. Trypanosomes are transmitted by tsetse and other biting flies. In Rwanda, the African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) endemic area is mainly around the tsetse-infested Akagera National Park (NP). The study aimed to identify Trypanosoma species circulating in cattle, their genetic diversity and distribution around the Akagera NP.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study was carried out in four districts, where 1,037 cattle blood samples were collected. The presence of trypanosomes was determined by microscopy, immunological rapid test VerY Diag and PCR coupled with High-Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis. A parametric test (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean Packed cell Volume (PCV) and trypanosomes occurrence. The Cohen Kappa test was used to compare the level of agreement between the diagnostic methods.

Findings
The overall prevalence of trypanosome infections was 5.6%, 7.1% and 18.7% by thin smear, Buffy coat technique and PCR/HRM respectively. Microscopy showed a low sensitivity while a low specificity was shown by the rapid test (VerY Diag). Trypanosoma (T.) congolense was found at a prevalence of 10.7%, T. vivax 5.2%, T. brucei brucei 2% and T. evansi 0.7% by PCR/HRM. This is the first report of T.evansi in cattle in Rwanda. The non-pathogenic T. theileri was also detected. Lower trypanosome infections were observed in Ankole x Friesian breeds than indigenous Ankole. No human-infective T. brucei rhodesiense was detected. There was no significant difference between the mean PCV of infected and non-infected animals (p>0.162).

Conclusions
Our study sheds light on the species of animal infective trypanosomes around the Akagera NP, including both pathogenic and non-pathogenic trypanosomes. The PCV estimation is not always an indication of trypanosome infection and the mechanical transmission should not be overlooked. The study confirms that the area around the Akagera NP is affected by AAT, and should, therefore, be targeted by the control activities. AAT impact assessment on cattle production and information on the use of trypanocides are needed to help policymakers prioritise target areas and optimize intervention strategies. Ultimately, these studies will allow Rwanda to advance in the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) to reduce or eliminate the burden of AAT.
Rapid health impact assessment of COVID-19 on families with children with disabilities living in low-income communities in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Hearst Mary O. , Hughey Lauren , Magoon Jamie , Mubukwanu Elizabeth , Ndonji Mulemba , Ngulube Esther , Makhoul Zeina 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Worldwide, children with disabilities are a vulnerable population and at high risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. There is little information on the impact that COVID-19 had on children with disabilities and their families, particularly in low-income settings. This assessment describes the extent to which the pandemic impacted seven indicators of well-being in three low-income communities in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods
Interviews were conducted with a random selection of families participating in an existing program (n = 39), community health workers (n = 6), healthcare workers (n = 7) and government officials (n = 2). Descriptive data was summarized and qualitative responses reviewed for themes.

Results
Most families reported a major loss of income resulting in food insecurity (79%), housing instability (67%), stress (36%), and increased risk of child separation and neglect (18%). Most families did not report receiving governmental financial assistance and reported loss of access to health services for their child such as physiotherapy (33%). Stakeholders interviewed reported that COVID-19 information was widely available although few specific interventions for children. Families were seen to have greater food insecurity, more poverty, more crowding, less healthcare services and children left alone or on the streets to beg.

Discussion
COVID-19 and related containment measures have impacted the lives of children with disabilities and their families to a great extent. There is an urgent need for disability-inclusive responses that deliberately address the needs of children with disabilities and their families, notably uninterrupted access to adequate food, inclusive education, rehabilitation therapy, and income-generating activities.
Prevalence of tobacco dependence and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia attending their treatments at southwest Ethiopia; hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Desalegn Defaru , Abdu Zakir , Hajure Mohammedamin 
Published: December 2021

Background
Tobacco smoking is the most typically employed in patients with mental disorders; among them, patients with schizophrenia are the very best users. The rate of smoking among patients with schizophrenia is between two and three times greater than the general population in western countries. However, there is a scarcity of studies on the magnitude and associated factors of tobacco dependence among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of tobacco dependence and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia at Mettu Karl referral, Bedelle, and Agaro hospitals, Southwest, Ethiopia.

Method
Hospital-based the multistage stratified cross-sectional study design was conducted among 524 patients with schizophrenia who are on treatment. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to screen the prevalence of tobacco dependence. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 24.

Result
The prevalence of tobacco dependence among study participants was 22.3% (95% CI) (18.6, 26). Concerning the severity of tobacco dependence, 3.5%, 13.8%, and 5% of the respondents report moderate, high, and very high levels of tobacco dependence respectively. The proportions of tobacco dependence among male schizophrenic patients 88 (25.8%) were higher compared to their counterparts 27 (15.5%). After controlling the effects of cofounders in the final regression analysis, male gender (AOR 2.19, 95% CI = 1.25, 3.83), being on treatment for more than 5years (AOR 4.37, 95% CI = 2.11, 9.02), having a history of admission (AOR 4.01, 95% CI = 1.99, 8.11), and family history of mental illness (AOR 1.90, 95% CI = 1.04, 3.48) were shown to have a significant positive association with tobacco dependence.

Conclusion and recommendation
A study show a significant proportion of tobacco dependence among people living with schizophrenia. Factors like, being male gender, being on treatment for more than 5 years, having a history of admission, and family history of mental illness was found to have a significant positive association with tobacco dependence. Hence, there is a need for coordinated and comprehensive management clinically to manage tobacco dependence along with identified risk factors in patients with schizophrenia. Also the finding call for the clinicians, managers, ministry of health and other stakeholders on the substance use prevention strategies that target personal and environmental control.
The role of social connection on the experience of COVID-19 related post-traumatic growth and stress
Authors: Matos Marcela , McEwan Kirsten , Kanovský Martin , Halamová Júlia , Steindl Stanley R. , Ferreira Nuno , Linharelhos Mariana , Rijo Daniel , Asano Kenichi , Vilas Sara P. , Márquez Margarita G. , Gregório Sónia , Brito-Pons Gonzalo , Lucena-Santos Paola , Oliveira Margareth da Silva , Souza Erika Leonardo de , Llobenes Lorena , Gumiy Natali , Costa Maria Ileana , Habib Noor , Hakem Reham , Khrad Hussain , Alzahrani Ahmad , Cheli Simone , Petrocchi Nicola , Tholouli Elli , Issari Philia , Simos Gregoris , Lunding-Gregersen Vibeke , Elklit Ask , Kolts Russell , Kelly Allison C. , Bortolon Catherine , Delamillieure Pascal , Paucsik Marine , Wahl Julia E. , Zieba Mariusz , Zatorski Mateusz , Komendziński Tomasz , Zhang Shuge , Basran Jaskaran , Kagialis Antonios , Kirby James , Gilbert Paul 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundHistorically social connection has been an important way through which humans have coped with large-scale threatening events. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns have deprived people of major sources of social support and coping, with others representing threats. Hence, a major stressor during the pandemic has been a sense of social disconnection and loneliness. This study explores how people’s experience of compassion and feeling socially safe and connected, in contrast to feeling socially disconnected, lonely and fearful of compassion, effects the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress.MethodsAdult participants from the general population (N= 4057) across 21 countries worldwide, completed self-report measures of social connection (compassion for self, from others, for others; social safeness), social disconnection (fears of compassion for self, from others, for others; loneliness), perceived threat of COVID-19, post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress.ResultsPerceived threat of COVID-19 predicted increased post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress. Social connection (compassion and social safeness) predicted higher post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress, whereas social disconnection (fears of compassion and loneliness) predicted increased traumatic symptoms only. Social connection heightened the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on post-traumatic growth, while social disconnection weakened this impact. Social disconnection magnified the impact of the perceived threat of COVID-19 on traumatic stress. These effects were consistent across all countries.ConclusionsSocial connection is key to how people adapt and cope with the worldwide COVID-19 crisis and may facilitate post-traumatic growth in the context of the threat experienced during the pandemic. In contrast, social disconnection increases vulnerability to develop post-traumatic stress in this threatening context. Public health and Government organizations could implement interventions to foster compassion and feelings of social safeness and reduce experiences of social disconnection, thus promoting growth, resilience and mental wellbeing during and following the pandemic.
Terminologias linguísticas no ensino das Línguas Clássicas (LC) e do Português (PE)
Authors: Tavares de Faria Rui Miguel Ventura do Couto 
Published: December 2021

No presente artigo, analisa-se, demonstra-se e discute-se a (im)pertinência de duas nomenclaturas de termos gramaticais no ensino das sintaxes grega, latina e portuguesa. Até que ponto é coerente proceder à análise sintática de uma sequência linguística em grego antigo ou em latim, nos ensinos secundário e superior, recorrendo a uma classificação desconhecida de alunos que estão familiarizados com a Terminologia Linguística para os Ensinos Básico e Secundário (TLEBS), desde o 1.º ciclo do ensino básico? De que modo é legítimo e prático, do ponto de vista didático-pedagógico, um docente de Português e de Línguas Clássicas ter de usar dois glossários terminológicos para o ensino da sintaxe? Que (in)correspondências existem ao nível das classificações? Quais as propriedades sintáticas que determinam uma dada classificação?
Concepciones sobre la realidad aumentada en el profesorado de Infantil y Primaria
Authors: Pérez Castelló Teresa , Vera Juan Ramón Moreno 
Published: December 2021

La experiencia práctica presentada se propone analizar las concepciones que tiene el profesorado de Educación Infantil y Primaria sobre el uso didáctico y práctico de la Realidad Aumentada en las aulas de Ciencias Sociales. El carácter innovador de la Realidad Aumentada y su potencial de aprendizaje, ofrecen un escenario educativo único, motivador y transformador de la realidad educativa actual. Identificaremos sus posibilidades como recurso innovador y elemento clave en el desarrollo de una cultura de aprendizaje tecnológica, centrada en el área de Ciencias Sociales y valores educativos. El análisis estadístico-descriptivo de los datos se ha llevado a cabo mediante SPSS v24 y constata la importancia de ampliar la formación del profesorado en esta herramienta y la necesidad de favorecer propuestas metodológicas innovadoras que fundamentan la realidad tecnológica actual, presente y activa en las aulas de Infantil y Primaria.