bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacier ice archives nearly 15,000-year-old microbes and phages
Authors: Zhong Zhi-Ping , Tian Funing , Roux Simon , Gazitúa M. Consuelo , Solonenko Natalie E. , Li Yueh-Fen , Davis Mary E. , Van Etten James L. , Mosley-Thompson Ellen , Rich Virginia I. , Sullivan Matthew B. , Thompson Lonnie G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Glacier ice archives information, including microbiology, that helps reveal paleoclimate histories and predict future climate change. Though glacier-ice microbes are studied using culture or amplicon approaches, more challenging metagenomic approaches, which provide access to functional, genome-resolved information and viruses, are under-utilized, partly due to low biomass and potential contamination.

Results
We expand existing clean sampling procedures using controlled artificial ice-core experiments and adapted previously established low-biomass metagenomic approaches to study glacier-ice viruses. Controlled sampling experiments drastically reduced mock contaminants including bacteria, viruses, and free DNA to background levels. Amplicon sequencing from eight depths of two Tibetan Plateau ice cores revealed common glacier-ice lineages including Janthinobacterium, Polaromonas, Herminiimonas, Flavobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium as the dominant genera, while microbial communities were significantly different between two ice cores, associating with different climate conditions during deposition. Separately, ~355- and ~14,400-year-old ice were subject to viral enrichment and low-input quantitative sequencing, yielding genomic sequences for 33 vOTUs. These were virtually all unique to this study, representing 28 novel genera and not a single species shared with 225 environmentally diverse viromes. Further, 42.4% of the vOTUs were identifiable temperate, which is significantly higher than that in gut, soil, and marine viromes, and indicates that temperate phages are possibly favored in glacier-ice environments before being frozen. In silico host predictions linked 18 vOTUs to co-occurring abundant bacteria (Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Janthinobacterium), indicating that these phages infected ice-abundant bacterial groups before being archived. Functional genome annotation revealed four virus-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes, particularly two motility genes suggest viruses potentially facilitate nutrient acquisition for their hosts. Finally, given their possible importance to methane cycling in ice, we focused on Methylobacterium viruses by contextualizing our ice-observed viruses against 123 viromes and prophages extracted from 131 Methylobacterium genomes, revealing that the archived viruses might originate from soil or plants.

Conclusions
Together, these efforts further microbial and viral sampling procedures for glacier ice and provide a first window into viral communities and functions in ancient glacier environments. Such methods and datasets can potentially enable researchers to contextualize new discoveries and begin to incorporate glacier-ice microbes and their viruses relative to past and present climate change in geographically diverse regions globally.
Joint development of cultural heritage protection and tourism: the case of Mount Lushan cultural landscape heritage site
Authors: Cai Zhenrao , Fang Chaoyang , Zhang Qian , Chen Fulong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The joint development of cultural heritage protection and tourism is an essential part of sustainable heritage tourism. Mount Lushan in China is such a site which in the past has had shortcomings in heritage protection and heritage tourism marketing. The present research addresses this issue by using digital technologies such as oblique aerial photography, 3D laser scanning technology, and 360 degrees panorama technology to digitize the Mount Lushan cultural landscape heritage site, integrating all elements to create a virtual tourism subsystem. It provides users with a virtual experience of cultural landscape heritage tourism and promotes cultural landscape tourism marketing. In addition, tourist flow and environmental subsystems were built through the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and analytical models. The tourist flow subsystem can help managers to regulate tourist flow according to the tourist carrying capacity threshold. Managers can also conduct environmental health assessment and management through the "pressure-state-response" model provided by the environmental subsystem. Finally, a comprehensive platform was developed based on the system concept, which integrated the three subsystems and their functions, and developed different versions to provide a visual platform for tourists and managers. This study provides a new model for the joint development of cultural heritage protection and tourism activities.
Effects of yellow natural dyes on handmade Daqian paper
Authors: Luo Yanbing , Zhang Xiujuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Natural yellow plant dyes and traditional medicines were used widely on historical papers in ancient China for religious reasons and conservation considerations. This study aims to evaluate some traditional yellow botanical sources of dyes that contain different chemical colorant compositions in order to understand their effects on the properties of traditional handmade paper. The physical and chemical changes in paper specimens treated with plant dyes were studied by examining properties such as the color, pH, thermogravimetric (TG) characteristics, tensile strength, folding endurance and microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that different colorants had different toning effects and that the main components, including carboxyl and ketone groups, could affect the paper stability at high temperatures. The results also revealed that the mechanical properties of paper specimens were improved after treatment with plant dyes. The significant improvements in the tensile strength and folding endurance and the slightly higher decomposition temperature of Amur cork tree-dyed paper could be ascribed to the strong interaction between the colorants’ main components and the fibers. The scientific evaluation of the property changes is therefore valuable information for weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the various yellow toning materials for paper conservation treatment.
Time series modeling of road traffic accidents in Amhara Region
Authors: Getahun Kidane Alemtsega 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoad traffic accidents (RTA) are commonly encountered incidents that can cause injuries, death, and property damage to members of society. Ethiopia is one of the highest incident rates of road traffic accidents. Report of Transport and Communication from 2012 to 2014, shows an increment in the number of traffic accidents in Ethiopia. Amhara region accounted for 27.3% of the total road traffic accident-related deaths in Ethiopia during the year 2008/9, which is the highest share among all regions in Ethiopia. The current research aims to model the trend of injury, fatal and total road traffic accidents in the Amhara region from September 2013 to May 2017. Monthly reported traffic accidents were obtained from the traffic department of the Amhara region police commission. The most universal class of models for forecasting time series data called Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) models were applied to model the trends and patterns of road traffic accident cases in the Amhara region. The average number of observed injury RTA, fatal RTA, and total RTA were 27.2, 14, and 78.2 per month respectively. It was observed that a relatively large number of RTA’s are reported on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday relative to other days of the week. The data also reveals that more than 60% of accidents involve drivers between the ages of 18–30 years. ARIMA (2,0,0) (1,0,0) ARIMA (2,0,0) and ARIMA (2,0,0) (1,1,0) were fitted as the best model for total injury accidents, fatal RTA and total RTA data respectively. A 48 months forecast was made based on the fitted models and it can be concluded that road traffic accident cases would continue at the non-decreasing rate in the Amhara region for the predicted periods. Therefore, the findings of this study draw attention to the importance of implementing improved better policies and close monitoring of road trafficking to change the existing non-decreasing trend of road traffic accidents in the region.
Trends in shaken baby syndrome diagnosis codes among young children hospitalized for abuse
Authors: Conrad Aislinn , Butcher Brandon , Oral Resmiye , Ronnenberg Megan , Peek-Asa Corinne 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
To investigate national trends of SBS diagnosis codes and how trends varied among patient and hospital characteristics.

Methods
We examined possible SBS, confirmed SBS, and non-SBS abuse diagnosis codes among children age three and younger who were hospitalized for abuse between 1998 and 2014 using a secondary analysis of the National Inpatient Sample, the largest US all-payer inpatient care database (N = 66,854). A baseline category logit model was used based on a quasi-likelihood approach (QIC) with an independent working correlation structure.

Results
The rate (per 100,000 census population of children age 3 and younger) of confirmed and possible SBS diagnosis codes was 5.4 (± 0.3) between 1998 and 2014, whereas the rate of non-SBS abuse was 19.6 (± 1.0). The rate of confirmed SBS diagnosis codes increased from 3.8 (± 0.3) in 1998 to 5.1 (± 0.9) in 2005, and decreased to 1.3 (± 0.2) in 2014. Possible SBS diagnosis codes were 0.6 (± 0.2) in 1998, increasing to 2.4 (± 0.4) in 2014. Confirmed SBS diagnosis codes have declined since 2002, while possible SBS diagnosis codes have increased. All abuse types were more frequent among infants, males, children from low-income homes, and urban teaching hospitals.

Conclusions
We investigated seventeen-year trends of SBS diagnosis codes among young children hospitalized for abuse. The discrepancy between trends in possible and confirmed SBS diagnosis codes suggests differences in norms for utilizing SBS diagnosis codes, which has implications for which hospital admissions are coded as AHT. Future research should investigate processes for using SBS diagnosis codes and whether all codes associated with abusive head injuries in young children are classified as AHT. Our findings also highlight the relativity defining and applying SBS diagnosis codes to children admitted to the hospital for shaking injuries. Medical professionals find utility in using SBS diagnosis codes, though may be more apt to apply codes related to possible SBS diagnosis codes in children presenting with abusive head injuries. Clarifying norms for SBS diagnosis codes and refining definitions for AHT diagnosis will ensure that young children presenting with, and coded for, abusive head injuries are included in overall counts of AHT based on secondary data of diagnosis codes. This baseline data, an essential component of child abuse surveillance, will enable ongoing efforts to track, prevent, and reduce child abuse.
Effects of different sodium salts and nitrogen sources on the production of 3-hydroxybutyrate and polyhydroxybutyrate by Burkholderia cepacia
Authors: Wang Jianfei , Huang Jiaqi , Guo Huanyu , Jiang Shaoming , Qiao Jinyue , Chen Xingyu , Qu Zixuan , Cui Wanyue , Liu Shijie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effects of NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2HPO4, and Na3C6H5O7on the production of 3-hydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrate, and by-products byBurkholderia cepacia. Proper addition of Na3C6H5O7can significantly promote the production of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and polyhydroxybutyrate. The concentration, productivity, and yield of 3-hydroxybutyrate were increased by 48.2%, 55.6%, and 48.3% at 16 mM Na3C6H5O7. The increases of 80.1%, 47.1%, and 80.0% in the concentration, productivity, and yield of polyhydroxybutyrate were observed at 12 mM Na3C6H5O7. Na2SO4and Na2HPO4also have positive effects on the production capacity of 3-hydroxybutyrate and polyhydroxybutyrate within a certain range of concentration. NaCl is not conducive to the improvement of fermentation efficiency. Compared with a single nitrogen source, a mixed nitrogen source is more conducive to enhancing the production of 3-hydroxybutyrate and polyhydroxybutyrate.
Cardiovascular benefits of Momordica charantia in cholesterol-fed Wistar rats
Authors: Innih Silvanus Olu , Eze Ikechi Gerald , Omage Kingsley 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Momordica. charantia is popularly used as a medicinal herb in ethnomedicine for the management of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of the ethanolic extract of M. charantia (Linn.) in experimentally induced cardiovascular disorders using cholesterol-fed Wistar rat.

Methods
Seventy-two experimental rats were randomly assigned into nine 9 groups of 8 rats each and treated as follows: Rats in group A (control) were given distilled water only; Rats in group B were given 30 mg/kg of cholesterol dissolved in coco-nut oil (cholesterol solution); Rats in group C were given cholesterol solution and 100 mg/kg Atorvastatin; Rats in group D were given 250 mg/kg of M. charantia and cholesterol solution; Rats in group E were given 500 mg/kg of M. charantia and cholesterol solution; Rats in group F were given 250 mg/kg. M. charantia; Rats in group G were given 500 mg/kg M. charantia; Rats in group H were given 1 ml of coconut oil; Rats in group I were given 100 mg/kg of Atorvastatin.

Results
Mean LDL-cholesterol was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in groups F, E and H as compared with the control groups. Histological analysis of the heart and aortic branch of the experimental rats show that cholesterol administration induced myocardial degeneration, vascular ulceration and stenosis in the aorta and heavy perivascular infiltrates of inflammatory cells. However, these deleterious effects were ameliorated upon treatment with Momordica charantia and Atorvastatin as compared with the control groups.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate the possible cardiovascular benefits of M. charantia.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Kessler Distress Scale (K10): an application of the rating scale model
Authors: Peixoto Evandro Morais , Zanini Daniela Sacramento , de Andrade Josemberg Moura 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The Kessler Distress Scale (K10) is a self-report scale for the assessment of non-specific psychological distress in the general and clinical population. Because of its ease of application and good psychometric properties, the K10 has been adapted to several cultures. The present study seeks to adapt the K10 to Brazilian Portuguese and estimate its validity evidence and reliability.

Methods
A total of 1914 individuals from the general population participated in the study (age = 34.88, SD = 13.61, 77.7% female). The adjustment indices were compared among three different measurement models proposed for the K10 through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The items’ properties were analyzed by Andrich’s Rating Scale Model (RSM). Furthermore, evidence based on relations to other variables (depression, stress, anxiety, positive and negative affects, and satisfaction with life) was estimated.

Results
CFA indicated the adequacy of the bifactor model (CFI= 0.985; TLI= 0.973; SMR= 0.019; RMSEA= 0.050), composed of two specific factors (depression and anxiety) and one general factor (psychological distress), corresponding to the theoretical hypothesis. Additionally, it was observed multiple-group invariance by gender and age range. The RSM provided an understanding of the organization of the continuum represented by the psychological distress construct (items difficulty), which varied from −0.89 to 1.00; good adjustment indexes; infit between 0.67 and 1.32; outfit between 0.68 and 1.34; and desirable reliability, α= 0.87. Lastly, theoretically coherent associations with the external variables were observed.

Conclusions
It is concluded that the Brazilian version of the K10 is a suitable measure of psychological distress for the Brazilian population.
Finding formulas: Does active search facilitate appropriate generalization?
Authors: Hallinen Nicole R. , Sprague Lauren N. , Blair Kristen P. , Adler Rebecca M. , Newcombe Nora S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
One criterion of adaptive learning is appropriate generalization to new instances based on the original learning context and avoiding overgeneralization. Appropriate generalization requires understanding what features of a solution are applicable in a new context and whether the new context requires modifications or a new approach. In a series of three experiments, we investigate whether searching for an algebraic formalism before receiving direct instruction facilitates appropriate generalization.

Results
(1) Searching buffers against negative transfer: participants who first searched for an equation were less likely to overgeneralize compared to participants who completed a tell-and-practice activity. (2) Likelihood of creating a correct new adaptation varied by performance on the searching task. (3) Asking people to sketch alleviated some of the negative effects of tell-and-practice, but sketching did not augment the effect of searching. (4) When participants received more elaborate tell-and-practice instruction, the advantages of searching were less notable.

Conclusions
Searching for an algebraic formula prior to direct instruction may be a productive way to help learners connect a formula to its referent and avoid overgeneralization. Tell-and-practice instruction that only described the mathematical procedures led to the greatest levels of overgeneralization errors and worst performance. Tell-and-practice instruction that highlighted connections between the mathematical structure of the formula and the visual referent performed at similar or marginally worse levels than the search-first conditions.
Kuaishou short video social network from the perspective of urban-rural cultural linkage: a field study on the mobile internet practices of young Monguor villagers in China’s Qinghai Province
Authors: Ji Guangxu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper uses the shooting and posting of Kuaishou short videos by young villagers in Wushi Village, Wushi Town, Huzhu Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, China as a case study, attempting to explore the cultural significance of the Kuaishou Short Video Social Network frequently used in our daily lives. The short videos of those young villagers not only show the overlapping of online and offline spaces in urban and rural areas, but also present another possibility of the coexistence between urban and rural cultures in the new era of Internet. Kuaishou has become a metaphor and a stage for the ambiguity and coexistence of urban and rural boundaries by virtue of the relative ease and availability of short video editing. The use of Kuaishou by young Monguor villagers is of great significance in addressing the traditional urban-rural dual economic structure.
Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for estimation of brexpiprazole in its bulk and tablet dosage form using Quality by Design approach
Authors: Jagdale Amol S. , Pendbhaje Nilesh S. , Nirmal Rupali V. , Bachhav Poonam M. , Sumbre Dayandeo B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
A new, sensitive, suitable, clear, accurate, and robust reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of brexpiprazole in bulk drug and tablet formulation was developed and validated in this research. Surface methodology was used to optimize the data, with a three-level Box-Behnken design. Methanol concentration in the mobile phase, flow rate, and pH were chosen as the three variables. The separation was performed using an HPLC method with a UV detector and Openlab EZchrom program, as well as a Water spherisorb C18 column (100 mm × 4.6; 5m). Acetonitrile was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a 10 mM phosphate buffer balanced to a pH of 2.50.05 by diluted OPA (65:35% v/v) and detected at 216 nm.

Result
The developed RP-HPLC method yielded a suitable retention time for brexpiprazole of 4.22 min, which was optimized using the Design Expert-12 software. The linearity of the established method was verified with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999 over the concentration range of 5.05–75.75 g/mL. For API and formulation, the percent assay was 99.46% and 100.91%, respectively. The percentage RSD for the method’s precision was found to be less than 2.0%. The percentage recoveries were discovered to be between 99.38 and 101.07%. 0.64 μg/mL and 1.95 μg/mL were found to be the LOD and LOQ, respectively.

Conclusion
The developed and validated RP-HPLC system takes less time and can be used in the industry for routine quality control/analysis of bulk drug and marketed brexpiprazole products.

Graphical abstract
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of two canine coronavirus strains
Authors: Gan Junji , Tang Ye , Lv Haifeng , Xiong Wenbin , Tian Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCanine coronavirus (CCoV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus, is an enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that responsible for gastroenteritis in dogs. In this study, two CCoV isolates were successfully propagated from 53 CCoV-positive clinical specimens by serial passaging in A-72 cells. These two strains, CCoV JS1706 and CCoV JS1712, caused cytopathic effects in A-72 cells. The sizes of virus plaque formed by them differed in early passages. Electron microscopy revealed a large quantity of typical coronavirus particles with 80–120 nm in diameter in cell culture media and cytoplasm of infected cells, in which they appeared as inclusion bodies. RT-PCR analysis of S gene indicated that these two isolates were belonged to CCoV IIa subtype. Homology of RdRp, S, M and N proteins between the two strains were 100, 99.6, 99.2 and 100.0%, respectively, whereas they were 99.4–100%, 83.1–95.2%, 88.5–99.2% and 91.9–99.7% identity compared to CCoV II reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis of RdRp, S, M and N protein showed that they were closely related to CCoV II strains. These two subtype IIa isolates will be useful for evaluating the pathogenesis and evolution of CCoV and for developing diagnostic reagents and vaccines.