bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Properties of Cement Mortars with Fluid Petroleum Catalyst Residue (FPCR)
Authors: Mustafa Safa , Dulaimi Anmar , Alyhya Wajde 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fluid petroleum catalyst residue (FPCR) is a by-product material produced in the industry of petroleum. This research presents an experimental work to investigate the effect of FPCR as a partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in five replacement levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% from the dry weight of cement. For this purpose, the setting times and compressive strength were examined at ages of 3, 7, and 28 days to assess the performance of mortar samples concerning reference mix (mix with zero replacement). The findings exhibited that the compressive strengths of mortar with 10% FPCR replacement at early and later ages increased compared with the control OPC. The 10% replacement level of FPCR has almost the same initial setting time to that of OPC, while there was a slight reduction in the final setting time. The developed mortars had significant changes in their microstructures with time, as observed by the imaging from SEM. The cost of the cement industry and its negative impacts, including CO2 emissions, can be reduced considerably as a result of this study.
The criteria for selecting the landfill sites in Baghdad governorate
Authors: Majeed Raafat Ali , Breesam Hatem Khaleefah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Administrating and managing solid waste are complicated and challengeable tasks for the local government of Baghdad city. In this area, the landfills site does not satisfy the required local and international criteria. As well as, in Baghdad, selecting the geographical location of Landfill sites is a complex process due to the enormous number of variables that need to be analyzed and considered. This study aims to identify the criteria for landfill site selection in Baghdad governorate. To do so, this study has considered and analyzed three of the main criteria, (which are environmental, political and economic criteria to make recommendations of selecting the location of the landfills site in Baghdad. Within the three main criteria, thirty sub-criteria of the most important criteria were selected for this purpose. From ministries (fieldwork) and theoretical study. In this study, (IBM,SPSS,V23) program was used to analyze the main criteria and sub-criteria and rank them from top-bottom based on their values of Relative Importance Index (RII) technique. The results of this study have reviled that the economic criteria is the most significant main criteria and tenure of land are the most significant sub criteria, which must be significantly considered to make recommendations of selecting the location of the landfills’ sites in Iraq.
Demand forecasting model analysis for Al-kufa road network
Authors: Al-Duhaidahawi Zainab S , Al-Jameel Hamid A , Al-Muhanna Raid R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the design of transport facilities and services, as well as for planning, expenditure, and policy development, travel demand modelling studies are important. The goal of this research is to improve and apply projected models for each stage of the Al-Kufa city travel demand forecast process that includes, in addition to the road network database, social, economic, location and land-use features. The study region is separated into four sectors to accomplish the study goal. For data collection, full interview, and home questionnaire, two methods have been used. In September 2019, the data collection began. The six-purpose trip generation models (home base work, educational, religious, social, shopping, other trips) were advanced by stepwise regression method (Multiple Linear Regression, MLR) using software SPSS version 20. The results indicated that the determination coefficient R2 for (Y) (the total number of trips is 0.88 and considered to be a very good correlation. Travel time and cost of each utility mode are the key parameters that have affected the mode option models and the gravity model used in Al-Kufa city for the trip distribution method. The assignment models for the allocation of traffic in the Al-Kufa road network for the base year of the analysis are used by the (Stochastic user equilibrium), the network suffers from high congestion with near and higher v/c links 1.
Impact of Substitute Portland Cement with CKD on the Mechanical and Durability Characteristics of Cement Mortar
Authors: Al-Faluji Duaa , Al-Rubaye Muna M. , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Shubbar Ali A. , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Abdulraheem Mustafa S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCement mortar is a binding material that is made of cement, sand and water. In general, mixes of mortar are made of raw materials. However, using raw materials in producing mortar leads to many environmental and economic issues. One of the most common solutions to reduce these issues is replacing raw materials by waste and/or by-product materials; especially replacing cement. The aim of this research is to explore the characteristics of mortar mixes after partially replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) at three percentages (10%, 20% and 30%) in terms of initial and final setting time, compressive strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). The control mortar specimen (mortar containing OPC only) results were adopted for comparison with results of mortar mixes that incorporated CKD. Results showed that increment in CKD replacement percentages led to a decrement in the compressive strength and UPV and an increment in the setting time.
Comparative Study of Pratt Truss, Vierendeel Structure, and Plate Girder for Overhead Crane Girder
Authors: Ahmmed Mazin Abdulimam , Dewan Mazen , Al. Khuzaie Hussein M. Ashour 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a study to get optimum type of crane girder. Three types of structures were studied: Pratt truss, Vierendeel frame and plate girder. Length of crane girder is 30 m and designed to carry 60 kN. Only (I) and angle steel sections were used to build crane girder. A nonlinear model was adopted to simulate the girder using finite element method. Weight of girder and maximum deflection were the main parameters used to compare. The results of the study identified that Vierendeel frame is the suitable type compared to the others to be designed and installed for this crane.
Experimental study of concrete filled steel tube composite beam under hogging moment
Authors: Tahir Ali. K. , Shallal Muhaned A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this work is an experimental study of the concrete filled steel tube (CFST) composite beam under the influence of a hogging moment. The specimens are consisting of a steel tube filled with lightweight or normal concrete (CFST) and a reinforced concrete slab, perfobond connector is used to connect the steel tube and concrete slab. Seven specimens were cast and tested, five parameters are studied, specimen length, the strength of concrete which filling the steel tube, the influence of filling the steel tube, and existing of a concrete slab. To study the behavior of specimens the flexure test was done under hogging (negative) moment. The testing results including ultimate load, crack, load-deflection curve, and slip at the end and one-third span of the tested beam. The short specimen has a greater ultimate load than other specimens but a smaller bending moment. The local buckling appeared in the steel tube at a load ranged from 83.7% to 96.7% of the ultimate load, the ultimate load of the hollow steel tube composite beam is decreasing by 75.69% compared with the reference specimen, also the ultimate load was increased when the concrete compressive strength which filled steel tube increased. The slip was measured in two locations of the specimen, the slip at the end of the specimens is less than the slip in one-third of the specimens at the ultimate load.
Technological Paths and Formation Levels in the Smart City
Authors: Hasan Maryam Mohammed , Abaas Zaynab Radi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The emergence of diversity and difference in the formation of contemporary cities is a result of the different paths of the technological dimension used within the levels of urban formation. As a result, there are technology paths that differ in pattern according to their techniques and according to the nature of association with city formations that lead to the availability of many life facilities for the community. It works to regulate the motor level in the city, the physical formation level, the level of infrastructure and other levels whose coupling with the technological dimension has become an absolute necessity. The research aims to explore the diversity of the technological dimension according to the technical trends and possibilities it provides by identifying the technological paths that are associated with the levels of formation of the city. Therefore, the research hypothesis indicated that the link between the formation of cities and contemporary technology requires several systems and levels within which the different city formations develop. The research explores methods and patterns of formation that can comprehend the technological dimension of cities through facets and indicators related to methods to organize contemporary cities according to the technology dimension. The research provides a matrix of criteria to measure the performance of contemporary cities and the potential for transformation towards technological development by following one or a number of the extracted paths within several systems and levels. We concluded that the contemporary formation of technological cities linked with paths requires the presence of several systems and levels. Therefore, methods of forming and patterns to accommodate the technological dimension of contemporary cities are necessary to organize them based on the existence of systems of formation, levels, patterns, methods and elements, and combinations of these components. The research recommends the necessity to have strategies that support the process of transforming cities into technological cities through holistic programs that organize time to support innovation and creativity within city sectors in order to reach the smart cities platform
Anti-corrosion coating using prepared binary self-healing epoxy microcapsules
Authors: Muhammad A F , Hamzah A F , Al-Kawaz A E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Self-healing materials possess the capacity to repair or mend themselves either by inherent response or under external stimuli and one of the most important approaches in self-healing is encapsulation. In this study, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) microcapsules containing epoxy resin and amine hardener have been successfully synthesized via solvent evaporating technique with core/shell ratio of 1:1, agitation speed 500 rpm, temperature of 40 °C and 3% wt. of surfactant concertation. The synthesized system is binary for self-healing anti-corrosion coating purposes. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Optical microscope (OM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the microcapsules and monitor the healing process. A corrosion resistance test has been done for a stainless steel substrate after coated with epoxy mixed with four percentages (0, 10, 15, and 20 wt. %) of equal quantities from prepared microcapsules (resin/hardener). The results showed that the corrosion of the coated specimen decrease with increasing microcapsules percentage which indicates that the self-healing system worked successfully.
Fluidity of Al-Si Alloy in Metal Mold Casting under Vibration
Authors: Al-Mallak Azhar A , Doos Qasim M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of mechanical vibration on the metal fallibility in thin casting was investigated in this study. The vibration was applied in vertical and horizontal mode during solidification process of aluminum alloy (Al-12%Si). This was done in the frequency range from (0 to 60) Hz and at two intensities; high intensity at (1.6 Volt, 4Ampere) and low intensity at (0.8 Volt, 2 Ampere). The results indicated that in vertical mode the mechanical vibrations increasingly improve fluidity of thin sections and the maximum percentage of fluidity improvement was equaling to 30.61% at 60 Hz. For horizontal mode it was found that fluidity also increase with frequency and the percentage of improvement was equaling to 33.35% at 12 Hz but then it falls at 60 Hz for both intensities, that because at strong vibration castings have an elliptical form rather than circular due to metal flow in the direction of vibration more than the other directions which mean that horizontal mode can operate most effectively at low frequencies only.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of PMMA Based Composites used for Bone Cement Application
Authors: Al-Janabi S K , Al-Maamori M H , Braihi A J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolymethylmethacrylate PMMA is considered a generally famous bone cement base material. Most failures that take place during function, are due to its weakness and lack of mechanical resistance. The clear limitations of PMMA are not enough ductility, strength, and viscoelastic behavior. Current research is an attempt to numerically using finite element and experimentally investigate of flexural and compression behaviour of PMMA bone cement strengthen and improve by adding modified TiO2 nanoparticles (m-TiO2 NPs). Therefore, the neat TiO2 nanoparticles were modified by silane coupling agent and then added by different ratios (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt %) to the PMMA bone cement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique used to investigate the modification process, as well as to specify the bonding type between the m-TiO2NPs and the PMMA bone cement matrix. (SEM) technique used to study the morphologies of the prepared samples. Properties were measured bending strength, compression strength and modulus of elasticity. Results proved the successes of TiO2NPs modification by silane coupling agent and the absence of any chemical bonding between this modified filler and other PMMA bone cement ingredients. The mechanical properties increased by m-TiO2NPs addition up to 1 wt% ratio then decreased. For the purpose of making sure of the possibility of using the proposed composite materials in the application of bone cement, numerical simulation was used using the ANSYS (16.1) program for the femur model, and the results showed good agreement with the practical results. The morphology and numerical results supported the mechanical properties trends.
The estimation of transmission line loadability Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm & Voltage Stability Index
Authors: Wais Dunya Sh , Majeed Wafaa S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The continuous changes in electricity demand and supply are contributing to the disparity in quantities of power transferred between transmission networks, i.e. some lines are lightly loaded and others are overloaded. This presents a significant challenge to the secure and reliable operation of the power system. The current research is concerned with enhancing the loadability of electric transmission lines, that secure the increase in load demand through Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) injection. This paper is focused on the -Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), the optimum location of the TCSC was determined by applying two different techniques. The first technique was based on an artificial intelligence algorithm while the second technique was based on the level of voltage stability indices for all system lines. The optimal location is based on the fulfillment of multi-objective functions represented by an increase in the load capacity, reduce levels of the voltage stability index, the cost of installing the TCSC, and the voltage deviation. The IEEE-9 bus standard test system as a study case and MATLAB-programmes has been used for the analysis of the optimal power flow, and estimating the loadability of transmission lines without and with TCSC.
Analysis Travel Pattern of Freight Demand Using GIS Techniques
Authors: Wazer Zainab A. , Asmael Noor M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Freight transportation plays a major role in determining the economy of a region. Efficient freight transportation systems are typically associated with reducing the cost of moving goods from and to logistics facilities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the intercity road freight network and particularly analysis trip pattern of intercity truck traffic, using the collected freight data and GIS techniques. Freight data is collected through roadside and interviews surveys which represent the main data source of this study. Various analyses for freight demand is carried out using GIS techniques, the output of this study is useful for decision makers to apply the correct decisions.
Single Phase Energy Smart Meter System Design and Implementation Using RFID and Based on IoT
Authors: Jasim Ghufran M. , Abdalla Kasim K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The measuring of the distributed energy system and billing are complicate and have many problems such as easily prone to tampering, inaccurate, and requires a large number of human operators. This paper proposed the design and implementation of modern and highly accurate single-phase smart energy meter using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and based on the Internet of thing (IoT). The proposed system has three units, smart energy meter and control centre and recharging RFID card system, which contains a unit for generating a serial number for each card and storing these numbers in the control centre unit. The transmission of consumed energy and smart meter readings information is sent using Wi-Fi technology to the central control unit.
DOA estimation under Bernoulli-Gaussian impulsive noise
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Dheyaa T. , Hameed Abbas Salman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Direction of arrival algorithms have ability to distinguish between directions of individual sources under additive white Gaussian noise. However, presence of the impulsive noise can corrupt the angles estimation. In this paper, the performance of MUSIC and ESPRIT, as estimation algorithms, is investigated in impulsive noise with white Gaussian noise environment. The impulsive noise is modelled using Bernoulli-Gaussian model and the effect of varying its statistical parameters on the estimation ability is tested. Three sources with different angles are simulated and a uniform linear array is utilized to capture the impinging signals. The performance analysis includes impulsive noise probability of occurrence and amplitude intensity which both control the impulsive power. The mean square error of the estimated angles is adopted as a metric to measure the performance. The simulation results provide a map of all the expected possible impulsive noise cases which influence the MUSIC and ESPRIT direction of arrival algorithms. The expected cases show that the performance degradation happening in ESPRIT is more than that of MUSIC. At 0 dB SNR, the impulsive noise increases the mean square error by almost 15 dB and 20 dB for MUSIC and ESPRIT, respectively.
Expert system for the production of personalized cloverleaf plate implant for human humerus
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Mizal , Husain Karim Najem , Alhasoon Asaad A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Expert framework for the Development of Customized Cloverleaf Plate, model is developed and introduced in this paper for the purpose of proper plate selection, and description the geometry and morphology. The Expert System consists of a User Defined Function (UDF) for the development of a customized geometric plate model and a small-scale Expert System for the selection of the correct production method. UDF depends on the model of parametric developed, of the plate implant, which is updated in this research. Expert system is a system which is currently based on the expert knowledge, but additional improvement is scheduled for the following period, e.g. machine learning application. The Expert Framework will give great benefits for the doctors and engineers because it will enable proper pre-operative planning, production of plate implants, end education of medical practitioners and students. By the authors opinion, the most important benefit is the established modular system for the plate creation, which means that any additional knowledge for the plate creation and application can be added and used into The Expert Framework.
Mechanical Properties of Light Weight Aggregate Concrete Using Pumice as a Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Adai Al-Farttoosi Hayder Kadhem , Abdulrazzaq Oday A. , Hussain Haleem K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical properties of hardened lightweight coarse aggregate concrete (LWAC) using Pumice as a lightweight aggregate. Eleven concrete mixes were prepared to investigate the effects of pumice ratio to total aggregate, micro-silica to binder ratio (MS/b), and the water to binder ratio (w/b) on equilibrium density, compressive strength (fcu
), splitting tensile strength (fct
), and modulus of rupture (fr
). The main parameters were performed by reducing Pumice to total aggregate ratio, reducing micro-silica to binder ratio, and water to binder ratio by reducing binder content. Six cubic specimens (150×150×150 mm3), three cylinders (100 dia. and 200mm height), and one prism (100×100×350 mm3) were used to investigate fcu
, fct
, and fr
, respectively. All specimens were tested at 28 days. The specimens had a density of 1833 – 2031 kg/m3 with a compressive strength ranged from 27 MPa to 44 MPa. The results showed that using micro-silica increases fcu
, fct
, and fr
, along with an insignificant decreasing equilibrium density. Due to the low weight of Pumice compared to the other material of the mix, the result showed that decreasing the amount of Pumice increases the equilibrium density, fcu
, with decreasing in fct
, and fr
of concrete. Also, increasing the w/b decreases equilibrium density, fcu
, fct
, and fr
of concrete.
Water abrasion and drop-mass impact of mono and hybrid steel fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete
Authors: Ali Sajjad H. , Kadhim Ahmed L. , Ayoob Nadheer S. , Abdul Hussein Munther L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In addition to strength, the durability of concrete is a major characteristic to measure its quality. Abrasion and accidental impacts are types of loads that negatively influence the strength and durability of concrete. This article aims to compare the water-impact and drop-mass impact resistances of reactive powder concrete (RPC). Three mixtures of RPC were prepared to evaluate their abrasion resistance using the water jet method in addition to their impact resistance using the repeated drop-mass impact test based on the ACI 544-2R repeated impact procedure. All of the three mixtures have same material properties and a fiber content of 2.5% by volume. One of them contains steel fiber with length of 6 mm, the second contains 15 mm steel fiber, and the last one contains a combination of 15 and 6 mm steel fibers. The experimental work results showed that the mixture contains 15 mm steel fibers showed the best abrasion and impact resistances, while the combination of 15 and 6 mm steel fibers showed the lowest impact resistance and the lowest abrasion resistance at the first six hours. The resulted compressive strength values were close, but that of the sample contains 15 mm fibers was the highest.