bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing dark contents in globular clusters with timing effects of pulsar acceleration
Authors: Wang Li-Chun , Xie Yi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate pulsar timing residuals due to the coupling effect of the pulsar transverse acceleration and the Römer delay. The effect is relatively small and usually negligible. Only for pulsars in globular clusters, it is possibly important. The maximum residual amplitude, which is from the pulsar near the surface of the core of the cluster, is about tens of nanoseconds, and may hardly be identified for most globular clusters currently. However, an intermediate-mass black hole in the center of a cluster can apparently increase the timing residual magnitudes. Particularly for pulsars in the innermost core region, their residual magnitudes may be significant. The high-magnitude residuals, which are above critical lines of each cluster, are strong evidence for the presence of a black hole or dark remnants of comparable total mass in the center of the cluster. We also explored the timing effects of line-of-sight accelerations for the pulsars. The distribution of measured line-of-sight accelerations are simulated with a Monte Carlo method. Two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests are performed to reexamine the consistency of distributions of the simulated and reported data for various values of parameters of the clusters. It is shown that the structure parameters of Terzan 5 can be constrained well by comparing the distribution of measured line-of-sight accelerations with the distributions from Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the cluster has an upper limit on the central black hole/dark remnant mass of ∼ 6000 M
⊙.
Influence of aspect ratio, plasma viscosity, and radial position of the resonant surfaces on the plasmoid formation in the low resistivity plasma in Tokamak
Authors: Zhang W. , Ma Z.W. , Zhang H.W. , Chen W.J. , Wang X. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, we systematically investigate the nonlinear evolution of the resistive kink mode in the low resistivity plasma in Tokamak geometry. We find that the aspect ratio of the initial equilibrium can significantly influence the critical resistivity for plasmoid formation. With the aspect ratio of 3/1, the critical resistivity can be one magnitude larger than that in cylindrical geometry due to the strong mode–mode coupling. We also find that the critical resistivity for plasmoid formation η
crit decreases with increasing plasma viscosity in the moderately low resistivity regime. Due to the geometry of Tokamaks, the critical resistivity for plasmoid formation increases with the increasing radial location of the resonant surface.
Global land use extent and dispersion within natural land cover using Landsat data
Authors: Hansen Matthew C , Potapov Peter V , Pickens Amy H , Tyukavina Alexandra , Hernandez-Serna Andres , Zalles Viviana , Turubanova Svetlana , Kommareddy Indrani , Stehman Steve V , Song Xiao-Peng , Kommareddy Anil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The conversion of natural land cover into human-dominated land use systems has significant impacts on the environment. Global mapping and monitoring of human-dominated land use extent via satellites provides an empirical basis for assessing land use pressures. Here, we present a novel 2019 global land cover, land use, and ecozone map derived from Landsat satellite imagery and topographical data using derived image feature spaces and algorithms suited per theme. From the map, we estimate the spatial extent and dispersion of land use disaggregated by climate domain and ecozone, where dispersion is the mean distance of land use to all land within a subregion. We find that percent of area under land use and distance to land use follow a power law that depicts an increasingly random spatial distribution of land use as it extends across lands of comparable development potential. For highly developed climate/ecozones, such as temperate and sub-tropical terra firma vegetation on low slopes, area under land use is contiguous and remnant natural land cover have low areal extent and high fragmentation. The tropics generally have the greatest potential for land use expansion, particularly in South America. An exception is Asian humid tropical terra firma vegetated lowland, which has land use intensities comparable to that of temperate breadbaskets such as the United States’ corn belt. Wetland extent is inversely proportional to land use extent within climate domains, indicating historical wetland loss for temperate, sub-tropical, and dry tropical biomes. Results highlight the need for planning efforts to preserve natural systems and associated ecosystem services. The demonstrated methods will be implemented operationally in quantifying global land change, enabling a monitoring framework for systematic assessments of the appropriation and restoration of natural land cover.
Effect of interaction from the reaction of carboxyl/epoxy hyperbranched polyesters on properties of feedstocks for metal injection molding
Authors: Chen Guoming , Ma Haihong , Zhou Zhengfa , Ren Fengmei , Xu Weibing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to improve the properties of the feedstocks and shape retention of debinded parts by the reaction between 17-4PH stainless steel powders. Carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (CTHP) and epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polyester (ETHP) were used to treat the powders, and termed as CTHP-m and ETHP-m with carboxyl and epoxy group, respectively. Comparing with pristine, CTHP-m and ETHP-m, feedstock prepared from equal amount of CTHP-m and ETHP-m (CTHP-m/ETHP-m) possessed more excellent properties. The experimental results showed that the critical solids loading, flexural modulus, density and melt flow index of CTHP-m/ETHP-m feedstock were 63.8 vol.%, 2800 Mpa, 5.06 g cm−3 and 62 g/10 min, respectively, which were obviously higher than that of others. Also, the shape retention of CTHP-m/ETHP-m debinded parts was the best of all the samples. The improved properties of CTHP-m/ETHP-m feedstock were attributed to the powder interaction between CTHP-m and ETHP-m formed by the chemical reaction between epoxy and carboxyl group.
Unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning for assessment of anthropogenic marine debris on beaches on an island in a semi-enclosed sea in Japan
Authors: Takaya Kosuke , Shibata Atsuki , Mizuno Yuji , Ise Takeshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The increasing prevalence of marine debris is a global problem, and urgent action for amelioration is needed. Identifying hotspots where marine debris accumulates will enable effective control; however, knowledge on the location of accumulation hotspots remains incomplete. In particular, marine debris accumulation on beaches is a concern. Surveys of beaches require intensive human effort, and survey methods are not standardized. If marine debris monitoring is conducted using a standardized method, data from different regions can be compared. With an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and deep learning computational methods, monitoring a wide area at a low cost in a standardized way may be possible. In this study, we aimed to identify marine debris on beaches through deep learning using high-resolution UAV images by conducting a survey on Narugashima Island in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. The flight altitude relative to the ground was set to 5 m, and images of a 0.81-ha area were obtained. Flight was conducted twice: before and after the beach cleaning. The combination of UAVs equipped with a zoom lens and operation at a low altitude allows for the acquisition of high resolution images of 1.1 mm/pixel. The training dataset (2970 images) was annotated by using VoTT, categorizing them into two classes: ‘anthropogenic marine debris’ and ‘natural objects.’ Using RetinaNet, marine debris was identified with an average sensitivity of 51% and a precision of 76%. In addition, the abundance and area of marine debris coverage were estimated. In this study, it was revealed that the combination of UAVs and deep learning enables the effective identification of marine debris. The effects of cleanup activities by citizens were able to be quantified. This method can widely be used to evaluate the effectiveness of citizen efforts toward beach cleaning and low-cost long-term monitoring.
Adherence to Recommended Preventive Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Empathy and Perceived Health Threat
Authors: Morstead Talia , Zheng Jason , Sin Nancy L , King David B , DeLongis Anita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Coping via empathic responding may play a role in preventive behavior engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic, and unlike trait empathy, is a potentially alterable target for changing health behavior.

Purpose
Our goal was to examine the role of empathic responding in preventive behavior engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic, independent of trait empathy and perceived threat of COVID-19.

Methods
Participants (N = 2,841) completed a baseline survey early in the pandemic, and a follow-up survey approximately 2 weeks later (M = 13.50 days, SD = 5.61). Preventive health behaviors, including physical distancing and hygiene practices, were assessed at both timepoints. Hierarchical linear regression examined the contributions of trait empathy, perceived threat of COVID-19, and empathic responding at baseline to preventive behaviors at follow-up.

Results
Controlling for baseline levels of preventive behaviors and demographic covariates, trait empathy and threat of COVID-19 at baseline were each independently associated with preventive behaviors at follow-up. An interaction between perceived threat and empathic responding indicated that those perceiving high threat of COVID-19 at baseline tended to report engaging in preventive behaviors at follow-up regardless of their levels of empathic responding, whereas for those reporting low levels of perceived threat, higher levels of empathic responding were associated with higher engagement in preventive behavior.

Conclusions
When perceived threat of COVID-19 was low, higher empathic responding was associated with increased engagement in preventive behaviors regardless of trait empathy, suggesting that empathic responding can serve as an actionable target for intervention to promote preventive behavior during the pandemic.
Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes of an Online Weight Loss Program for Men With Low Mood: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Drew Ryan J , Morgan Philip J , Collins Clare E , Callister Robin , Kay-Lambkin Frances , Kelly Brian J , Young Myles D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Depression and obesity are major health concerns and commonly co-exist, but men rarely seek help for these conditions. SHED-IT: Recharge was a gender-tailored eHealth program for men that generated clinically meaningful improvements in weight and depressive symptoms.

Purpose
To evaluate behavioral and psychological outcomes from the SHED-IT: Recharge intervention designed for overweight/obese men with low mood.

Methods
Overall, 125 men (18–70 years) with a BMI between 25 and 42 kg/m2 and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) were randomly allocated to SHED-IT: Recharge (n = 62) or wait-list control (n = 63) groups. The self-directed program targeted key health behaviors combined with online mental fitness modules based on cognitive behavioral therapy. Behavioral (e.g., physical activity) and psychological outcomes (e.g., cognitive flexibility) were assessed with validated measures at baseline, 3 months (post-test) and 6 months (follow-up). Intention-to-treat linear mixed models examined treatment effects, which were adjusted for covariates, and effect size estimated (Cohen’s d).

Results
At post-test, intervention men achieved small-to-medium improvements in several health behavior outcomes including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, light physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, energy intake, portion size, and risky alcohol consumption (range, d = 0.3–0.5), when compared with the control group. Intervention effects were also observed for perceived physical self-worth, perceived physical strength, cognitive flexibility, and behavioral activation (range, d = 0.3–0.8). No effects were found for fruit and vegetable intake, or mindful attention. Most effects were maintained at follow-up.

Conclusions
This gender-tailored, eHealth program with integrated mental fitness support elicited meaningful improvements in health behaviors and psychological outcomes for men with low mood.
Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001209189).
Identification and characterization of a novel class of self-sufficient cytochrome P450 hydroxylase involved in cyclohexanecarboxylate degradation in Paraburkholderia terrae strain KU-64
Authors: Yamamoto Taisei , Hasegawa Yoshie , Iwaki Hiroaki 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play important roles in metabolism. Here, we report the identification and biochemical characterization of P450CHC, a novel self-sufficient cytochrome P450, from cyclohexanecarboxylate-degrading Paraburkholderia terrae KU-64. P450CHC was found to comprise a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin domain, NAD(P)H-dependent FAD-containing reductase domain, FCD domain, and cytochrome P450 domain (in that order from the N terminus). Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction results indicated that the P450CHC-encoding chcA gene was inducible by cyclohexanecarboxylate. chcA overexpression in Escherichia coli and recombinant protein purification enabled functional characterization of P450CHC as a catalytically self-sufficient cytochrome P450 that hydroxylates cyclohexanecarboxylate. Kinetic analysis indicated that P450CHC largely preferred NADH (Km = 0.011 m m) over NADPH (Km = 0.21 m m). The Kd, Km, and kcat values for cyclohexanecarboxylate were 0.083 m m, 0.084 m m, and 15.9 s−1, respectively. The genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that the physiological role of P450CHC is initial hydroxylation in the cyclohexanecarboxylate degradation pathway.
Efficient gradient boosting for prognostic biomarker discovery
Authors: Li Kaiqiao , Yao Sijie , Zhang Zhenyu , Cao Biwei , Wilson Christopher M , Kalos Denise , Kuan Pei Fen , Zhu Ruoqing , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMotivationA gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) is a powerful ensemble machine-learning method that has the potential to accelerate biomarker discovery from high-dimensional molecular data. Recent algorithmic advances, such as extreme gradient boosting (XGB) and light gradient boosting (LGB), have rendered the GBDT training more efficient, scalable and accurate. However, these modern techniques have not yet been widely adopted in discovering biomarkers for censored survival outcomes, which are key clinical outcomes or endpoints in cancer studies.ResultsIn this paper, we present a new R package ‘Xsurv’ as an integrated solution that applies two modern GBDT training frameworks namely, XGB and LGB, for the modeling of right-censored survival outcomes. Based on our simulations, we benchmark the new approaches against traditional methods including the stepwise Cox regression model and the original gradient boosting function implemented in the package ‘gbm’. We also demonstrate the application of Xsurv in analyzing a melanoma methylation dataset. Together, these results suggest that Xsurv is a useful and computationally viable tool for screening a large number of prognostic candidate biomarkers, which may facilitate future translational and clinical research.Availability and implementation‘Xsurv’ is freely available as an R package at: https://github.com/topycyao/Xsurv.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Encoding contexts are incidentally reinstated during competitive retrieval and track the temporal dynamics of memory interference
Authors: Bramão Inês , Jiang Jiefeng , Wagner Anthony D , Johansson Mikael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ability to remember an episode from our past is often hindered by competition from similar events. For example, if we want to remember the article a colleague recommended during the last lab meeting, we may need to resolve interference from other article recommendations from the same colleague. This study investigates if the contextual features specifying the encoding episodes are incidentally reinstated during competitive memory retrieval. Competition between memories was created through the AB/AC interference paradigm. Individual word-pairs were presented embedded in a slowly drifting real–word-like context. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of high temporal-resolution electroencephalographic (EEG) data was used to investigate context reactivation during memory retrieval. Behaviorally, we observed proactive (but not retroactive) interference; that is, performance for AC competitive retrieval was worse compared with a control DE noncompetitive retrieval, whereas AB retrieval did not suffer from competition. Neurally, proactive interference was accompanied by an early reinstatement of the competitor context and interference resolution was associated with the ensuing reinstatement of the target context. Together, these findings provide novel evidence showing that the encoding contexts of competing discrete events are incidentally reinstated during competitive retrieval and that such reinstatement tracks retrieval competition and subsequent interference resolution.
Task-specific network interactions across key cognitive domains
Authors: Williams Kathleen A , Numssen Ole , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Human cognition is organized in distributed networks in the brain. Although distinct specialized networks have been identified for different cognitive functions, previous work also emphasizes the overlap of key cognitive domains in higher level association areas. The majority of previous studies focused on network overlap and dissociation during resting states whereas task-related network interactions across cognitive domains remain largely unexplored. A better understanding of network overlap and dissociation during different cognitive tasks may elucidate flexible (re-)distribution of resources during human cognition. The present study addresses this issue by providing a broad characterization of large-scale network dynamics in three key cognitive domains. Combining prototypical tasks of the larger domains of attention, language, and social cognition with whole-brain multivariate activity and connectivity approaches, we provide a spatiotemporal characterization of multiple large-scale, overlapping networks that differentially interact across cognitive domains. We show that network activity and interactions increase with increased cognitive complexity across domains. Interaction patterns reveal a common core structure across domains as well as dissociable domain-specific network activity. The observed patterns of activation and deactivation of overlapping and strongly coupled networks provide insight beyond region-specific activity within a particular cognitive domain toward a network perspective approach across diverse key cognitive functions.
Morphological development of the human fetal striatum during the second trimester
Authors: Tian Mimi , Xu Feifei , Xia Qing , Tang Yuchun , Zhang Zhonghe , Lin Xiangtao , Meng Haiwei , Feng Lei , Liu Shuwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe morphological development of the fetal striatum during the second trimester has remained poorly described. We manually segmented the striatum using 7.0-T MR images of the fetal specimens ranging from 14 to 22 gestational weeks. The global development of the striatum was evaluated by volume measurement. The absolute volume (Vabs) of the caudate nucleus (CN) increased linearly with gestational age, while the relative volume (Vrel) showed a quadratic growth. Both Vabs and Vrel of putamen increased linearly. Through shape analysis, the changes of local structure in developing striatum were specifically demonstrated. Except for the CN tail, the lateral and medial parts of the CN grew faster than the middle regions, with a clear rostral–caudal growth gradient as well as a distinct “outside–in” growth gradient. For putamen, the dorsal and ventral regions grew obviously faster than the other regions, with a dorsal–ventral bidirectional developmental pattern. The right CN was larger than the left, whereas there was no significant hemispheric asymmetry in the putamen. By establishing the developmental trajectories, spatial heterochrony, and hemispheric dimorphism of human fetal striatum, these data bring new insight into the fetal striatum development and provide detailed anatomical references for future striatal studies.
Parent-Reported Stress and Child Behavior for 4-Year-Old Children with Unilateral or Mild Bilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Fitzpatrick Elizabeth M , Jiawen Wu , Janet Olds , JoAnne Whittingham , Flora Nassrallah , Isabelle Gaboury , Andrée Durieux-Smith , Doug Coyle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Children with unilateral or mild bilateral hearing loss are increasingly identified in early childhood. Relatively little is known about how hearing loss affects their developmental trajectory or whether it contributes to parenting stress for these parents. This study aimed to examine child behavior and parenting stress in parents of children with unilateral/mild bilateral hearing loss compared to children with typical hearing. This prospective study involved 54 children with unilateral/mild bilateral hearing loss identified at a median age of 4.5 months (IQR 2.6, 6.5) and 42 children with typical hearing. At age 48 months, child behavior and parenting stress were measured. Auditory and language results were also analyzed in relation to child behavior and parenting stress. Parents of these children did not report significantly more parenting stress or behavior problems than parents of children with typical hearing. However, both parenting stress and child behavior were related to functional hearing in noise.
Variability in endoscopic assessment of Nissen fundoplication wrap integrity and hiatus herniation
Authors: Song Erin J , Yadlapati Rena , Chen Joan W , Parish Alice , Whitson Matthew J , Ravi Karthik , Patel Amit , Carlson Dustin A , Khan Abraham , Niedzwiecki Donna , Leiman David A 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Background
Upper endoscopy (EGD) is frequently performed in patients with esophageal complaints following anti-reflux surgery such as fundoplication. Endoscopic evaluation of fundoplication wrap integrity can be challenging. Our primary aim in this pilot study was to evaluate the accuracy and confidence of assessing Nissen fundoplication integrity and hiatus herniation among gastroenterology (GI) fellows, subspecialists, and foregut surgeons.

Methods
Five variations of post-Nissen fundoplication anatomy were included in a survey of 20 sets of EGD images that was completed by GI fellows, general GI attendings, esophagologists, and foregut surgeons. Accuracy, diagnostic confidence, and inter-rater agreement across providers were evaluated.

Results
There were 31 respondents in the final cohort. Confidence in pre-survey diagnostics significantly differed by provider type (mean confidence out of 5 was 1.8 for GI fellows, 2.7 for general GI attendings, 3.6 for esophagologists, and 3.6 for foregut surgeons, P = 0.01). The mean overall accuracy was 45.9%, which significantly differed by provider type with the lowest rate among GI fellows (37%) and highest among esophagologists (53%; P = 0.01). The accuracy was highest among esophagologists across all wrap integrity variations. Inter-rater agreement was low across wrap integrity variations (Krippendorf’s alpha &lt;0.30), indicating low to no agreement between providers.

Conclusion
In this multi-center survey study, GI fellows had the lowest accuracy and confidence in assessing EGD images after Nissen fundoplication, whereas esophagologists had the highest. Diagnostic confidence varied considerably and inter-rater agreement was poor. These findings suggest experience may improve confidence, but highlight the need to improve the evaluation of fundoplication wraps.