bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semileptonic decay of $$\varOmega _c^0 \rightarrow \varXi ^- l^+ \nu _l$$ from light-cone sum rules
Authors: Duan Hui-Hui , Liu Yong-Lu , Huang Ming-Qiu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe weak decay process of $$\varOmega _c$$

Ω
c

to $$\varXi $$
Ξ
is calculated in the method of QCD light-cone sum rule. The decay width of $$\varOmega _c^0 \rightarrow \varXi ^- l^+ \nu _l$$

Ω
c
0

→

Ξ
-

l
+

ν
l

and its decay branching ratio are also calculated with the form factors from this work’s calculation. To the twist-6 distribution amplitudes, the form factors $$f_1=0.66\pm 0.02, f_2=-0.76\pm 0.03, g_1=0.06\pm 0.01$$

f
1

=
0.66
±
0.02
,

f
2

=
-
0.76
±
0.03
,

g
1

=
0.06
±
0.01

and $$g_2=-0.44\pm 0.01$$

g
2

=
-
0.44
±
0.01

are given at zero recoil point. The result of the semileptonic decay width of $$\varOmega _c^0 \rightarrow \varXi ^-l^+\nu _l$$

Ω
c
0

→

Ξ
-

l
+

ν
l

is $$\varGamma =(7.51\pm 0.36)\times 10^{-15}~\mathrm{{GeV}}$$

Γ
=

(
7.51
±
0.36
)

×

10

-
15

GeV

, and the prediction of the decay branching ratio $$Br(\varOmega _c^0\rightarrow \varXi ^-l^+\nu _l)=(3.06\pm 0.15)\times 10^{-3}$$

B
r

(

Ω
c
0

→

Ξ
-

l
+

ν
l

)

=

(
3.06
±
0.15
)

×

10

-
3

. These results fit well with other works, and the decay width and branching ratio are improved. This not too small branching ratio gives a good direction to explore this decay channel in the future experiments.
Chapter 2.1b Ferrar Large Igneous Province: petrology
Authors: Elliot David H. , Fleming Thomas. H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The Lower Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province consists predominantly of intrusive rocks, which crop out over a distance of 3500 km. In comparison, extrusive rocks are more restricted geographically. Geochemically, the province is divided into the Mount Fazio Chemical Type, forming more than 99% of the exposed province, and the Scarab Peak Chemical Type, which in the Ross Sea sector is restricted to the uppermost lava. The former exhibits a range of compositions (SiO
2
= 52–59%; MgO = 9.2–2.6%; Zr = 60–175 ppm; Sr
i
= 0.7081–0.7138;
ε
Nd
= −6.0 to −3.8), whereas the latter has a restricted composition (SiO
2
=
c.
58%; MgO =
c.
2.3%; Zr =
c.
230 ppm; Sr
i
= 0.7090–0.7097;
ε
Nd
= −4.4 to −4.1). Both chemical types are characterized by enriched initial isotope compositions of neodymium and strontium, low abundances of high field strength elements, and crust-like trace element patterns. The most basic rocks, olivine-bearing dolerites, indicate that these geochemical characteristics were inherited from a mantle source modified by subduction processes, possibly the incorporation of sediment. In one model, magmas were derived from a linear source having multiple sites of generation each of which evolved to yield, in sum, the province-wide coherent geochemistry. The preferred interpretation is that the remarkably coherent geochemistry and short duration of emplacement demonstrate derivation from a single source inferred to have been located in the proto-Weddell Sea region. The spatial variation in geochemical characteristics of the lavas suggests distinct magma batches erupted at the surface, whereas no clear geographical pattern is evident for intrusive rocks.
Gravity, magnetics and geothermal heat flow of the Antarctic lithospheric crust and mantle
Authors: Pappa Folker , Ebbing Jörg 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the application and coverage of gravity and magnetic data for Antarctica with emphasis on airborne and satellite models. Low resolution satellite data help to fill gaps between high-resolution airborne data. Satellite gravity data are best used to study broad-scale lithospheric architecture while airborne data, especially magnetic data, provide finer detail. We review examples of gravity and magnetic analysis and describe the possibilities and pitfalls for estimating the properties of the lithosphere as it relates to the mantle. This is followed by a discussion on geothermal heat flow and possible ways to combine different geophysical and petrological models for a better understanding of the Antarctic mantle.
HCV Eradication in Primary or Secondary Prevention Optimizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Curative Management
Authors: Nahon Pierre , Layese Richard , Cagnot Carole , Asselah Tarik , Guyader Dominique , Pol Stanislas , Pageaux Georges-Philippe , De Lédinghen Victor , Ouzan Denis , Zoulim Fabien , Audureau Etienne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

To assess the impact of HCV eradication on the outcomes of cirrhotic patients treated curatively for incidental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detected during surveillance program. Data were collected on 1,323 French patients with compensated biopsy-proven HCV cirrhosis recruited in 35 centers (ANRS CO12 CirVir cohort). Sustained virologic responses (SVR) and the occurrence of HCC were recorded prospectively. During a median follow-up of 68.3 months, 218 patients developed HCC, 126 of whom underwent a curative procedure as first-line therapy (ablation = 95, resection = 31). The HCC BCLC stage was 0/A in 97.5% of patients; 74 (58.7%) never achieved SVR. During a median follow-up of 26.0 months after HCC treatment, 59 (46.8%) experienced HCC recurrence. SVR was not associated with a recurrence, whether considering final SVR status [HR = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.43–1.39; P = 0.39] or its time to achievement (prior to/after HCC occurrence; global P = 0.28). During the same timeframe, 46 patients with HCC (36.5%) died (liver failure: 41.9%, HCC progression: 37.2%, extrahepatic causes: 20.9%). Under multivariate analysis, SVR was associated with improved survival [HR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08–0.52; P = 0.001]. Survival benefit was explained by a lower incidence of liver decompensation and higher rates of sequential HCC re-treatment. Direct antiviral intake was not associated with a higher risk of HCC recurrence, but with improved survival (HR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06–0.83; P = 0.024). HCV eradication in primary or secondary prevention optimizes HCC management through preservation of liver function and improves survival, whatever the regimen.

Prevention Relevance:
Liver failure is a competing risk of death in patients with HCC eligible for curative procedures. HCV eradication does not decrease risk of HCC recurrence in the first two years, but enables sequential curative HCC treatments through preservation of liver function. Direct-acting antiviral agent intake is not associated with HCC recurrence and improves survival.
Association of Serum Aldosterone and Plasma Renin Activity With Ambulatory Blood Pressure in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Joseph Joshua J. , Pohlman Neal K. , Zhao Songzhu , Kline David , Brock Guy , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Sims Mario , Effoe Valery S. , Wu Wen-Chih , Kalyani Rita R. , Wand Gary S. , Kluwe Bjorn , Hsueh Willa A. , Abdalla Marwah , Shimbo Daichi , Golden Sherita H. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important driver of blood pressure (BP), but the association of the RAAS with ambulatory BP (ABP) and ABP monitoring phenotypes among African Americans has not been assessed.

Methods:
ABP and ABP monitoring phenotypes were assessed in 912 Jackson Heart Study participants with aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association of aldosterone and PRA with clinic, awake, and asleep systolic BP and diastolic BP (DBP) and ABP monitoring phenotypes, adjusting for important confounders.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 59±11 years and 69% were female. In fully adjusted models, lower log-PRA was associated with higher clinic, awake, and asleep systolic BP and DBP (all
P
<0.05). A higher log-aldosterone was associated with higher clinic, awake, and asleep DBP (all
P
<0.05). A 1-unit higher log-PRA was associated with lower odds of daytime hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.59 [95% CI, 0.49–0.71]), nocturnal hypertension (OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.58–0.79]), daytime and nocturnal hypertension (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.48–0.71]), sustained hypertension (OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.39–0.70]), and masked hypertension (OR 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62–0.90]). A 1-unit higher log-aldosterone was associated with higher odds of nocturnal hypertension (OR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.05–1.81]). Neither PRA nor aldosterone was associated with percent dipping, nondipping BP pattern, or white-coat hypertension. Patterns for aldosterone:renin ratio were similar to patterns for PRA.

Conclusions:
Suppressed renin activity and higher aldosterone:renin ratios were associated with higher systolic BP and DBP in the office and during the awake and asleep periods as evidenced by ABP monitoring. Higher aldosterone levels were associated with higher DBP, but not systolic BP, in the clinic and during the awake and asleep periods. Further clinical investigation of novel and approved medications that target low renin physiology such as epithelial sodium channel inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may be paramount in improving hypertension control in African Americans.
Citizen Sensing from a Legal Standpoint: Legitimizing the Practice under the Aarhus Framework
Authors: Berti Suman Anna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
‘Citizen sensing’, grassroots-driven environmental monitoring, could revolutionize environmental risk governance and decision-making. Yet, citizen sensing is far from being accepted by governmental authorities. This contribution explores the environmental law doctrine and legislation for a possible legal basis on which the ‘sensing citizens’ could perform their actions. I argue that the practice, by nature, voices the citizen’s claims to have access to (accurate) environmental information. I defend that citizen sensing is a legitimate manifestation of ‘rights in action’ that can enhance the respect of human environmental rights and promote their enforcement. This study demonstrates how, from the Aarhus Convention framework, an obligation for competent authorities to ‘listen’ to the sensing citizens might even be constructed in case of institutional informational gaps and failures.
Green and Just? An Update on the ‘European Green Deal’
Authors: Fleming Ruven C. , Mauger Romain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article discusses recent developments concerning the most important European energy and climate law initiative at the moment, the ‘European Green Deal’. Details of the initial ‘European Green Deal’ have been discussed elsewhere in this journal. At its core are two components: the green transition of European societies on the one hand and the question how this may be organized in a just way, on the other hand. The article discusses recent developments concerning these ‘green’and ‘just’aspects and concludes with some critical remarks on the ways in which these ‘green’ and ‘just’ aspects of the ‘European Green Deal’ are being implemented into energy and climate law.
The 2019 Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortex Weakening and Its Impacts
Authors: Lim Eun-Pa , Hendon Harry H. , Butler Amy H. , Thompson David W. J. , Lawrence Zachary D. , Scaife Adam A. , Shepherd Theodore G. , Polichtchouk Inna , Nakamura Hisashi , Kobayashi Chiaki , Comer Ruth , Coy Lawrence , Dowdy Andrew , Garreaud Rene D. , Newman Paul A. , Wang Guomin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study offers an overview of the low-frequency (i.e., monthly to seasonal) evolution, dynamics, predictability, and surface impacts of a rare Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric warming that occurred in austral spring 2019. Between late August and mid-September 2019, the stratospheric circumpolar westerly jet weakened rapidly, and Antarctic stratospheric temperatures rose dramatically. The deceleration of the vortex at 10 hPa was as drastic as that of the first-ever-observed major sudden stratospheric warming in the SH during 2002, while the mean Antarctic warming over the course of spring 2019 broke the previous record of 2002 by ∼50% in the midstratosphere. This event was preceded by a poleward shift of the SH polar night jet in the uppermost stratosphere in early winter, which was then followed by record-strong planetary wave-1 activity propagating upward from the troposphere in August that acted to dramatically weaken the polar vortex throughout the depth of the stratosphere. The weakened vortex winds and elevated temperatures moved downward to the surface from mid-October to December, promoting a record strong swing of the southern annular mode (SAM) to its negative phase. This record-negative SAM appeared to be a primary driver of the extreme hot and dry conditions over subtropical eastern Australia that accompanied the severe wildfires that occurred in late spring 2019. State-of-the-art dynamical seasonal forecast systems skillfully predicted the significant vortex weakening of spring 2019 and subsequent development of negative SAM from as early as late July.
On the Varying Responses of East Asian Winter Monsoon to Three Types of El Niño: Observations and Model Hindcasts
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Chang Ting-Huai , Lee Ching-Teng , Yu Jin-Yi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing observational data and model hindcasts produced by a coupled climate model, we examine the response of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) to three types of El Niño: eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific I (CP-I) and II (CP-II) El Niños. The observational analysis shows that all three El Niño types weaken the EAWM with varying degrees of impact. The EP El Niño has the largest weakening effect, while the CP-II El Niño has the second largest, and the CP-I El Niño has the smallest. We find that diverse El Niño types impact the EAWM by altering the responses of two anomalous anticyclones during El Niño mature winter: the western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) and Kuroshio anticyclone (KAC). The WNPAC responses are controlled by the Gill response and Indian Ocean warming processes that both respond to the eastern-to-central tropical Pacific precipitation anomalies. The KAC responses are controlled by a poleward wave propagation responding to the northwestern tropical Pacific precipitation anomalies. We find that the model hindcasts significantly underestimate the weakening effect during the EP and CP-II El Niños. These underestimations are related to a model deficiency in which it produces a too-weak WNPAC response during the EP El Niño and completely misses the KAC response during both types of El Niño. The too-weak WNPAC response is caused by the model deficiency of simulating too-weak eastern-to-central tropical Pacific precipitation anomalies. The lack of KAC response arises from the unrealistic response of the model’s extratropical atmosphere to the northwestern tropical Pacific precipitation anomalies.
Analysis of Factors Causing False-Negative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Results in Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Swabs of Patients With COVID-19
Authors: İşlek Akif , Balcı Mustafa Koray 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To analyze factors regarding patient characteristics, sampling techniques, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) specific manifestations that may cause false-negative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. For the diagnosis of COVID-19, patients with RT-PCR test positive in the first nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were accepted as true positive, and patients with negative 3 consecutive swab results were considered true negative. Those who had a negative initial swab were considered false negatives if they subsequently tested positive on the second or third swab. Demographic data of the patients, the onset of the disease, presence of nasal septal deviation, presence of epistaxis, the clinician (otolaryngologist/other physicians [OP]) who collected the samples, and medical treatments for laryngopharyngeal reflux, allergic respiratory diseases, allergic rhinitis, which include proton pump inhibitors and nasal steroids (NS), were documented. The analysis of dependent variables was performed with the chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was performed for significant variables. Results: A total of 399 patients were included in the study, and 357 (89.5%) patients were detected as positive after 2 or 3 consecutive RT-PCR tests. The presence of ageusia, anosmia, and collecting the samples within 7 days following the onset of symptoms were determined as significant factors for positive RT-PCR results ( P = <.001; odds ratio [OR] = 6.2, 5.8, 11.6, respectively). The profession of the clinician (OP), NS use, and the presence of epistaxis were detected as significant factors for the false-negative RT-PCR results ( P < .001; OR = 2.3, 3.1, 8.7, respectively). Conclusions: Patient- and/or sample-related factors can affect RT-PCR results of possible COVID-19 cases. The presence of these factors can easily be determined in cases with high clinical suspicion and negative RT-PCR results. The presence of ageusia, anosmia, early sampling (<7days), and appropriate collection of swabs decrease false-negative RT-PCR results.
Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width: An alternative OCT biomarker study for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Özbilen Kemal Turgay , Gündüz Tuncay , Çukurova Kartal Selva Nur , Gedik Ali Ceyhun , Eraksoy Mefküre , Kürtüncü Murat 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and RNFL measured using anatomic positioning system (APS-RNFL) are novel OCT methods and remained unexplored in MS patients. To investigate the novel parameters of spectral-domain OCT as an alternative biomarker in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Retrospective cohort study; participants consisted of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and healthy controls (HC). Eyes were classified according to the presence of MS and previous optic neuritis (ON). Measurements of standard peripapillary RNFL (S-RNFL), BMO-MRW, and APS-RNFL were performed. Result: A total of 244 eyes of 122 participants (MS-patients: 63, HC: 59) were included in the study. Fifty-one eyes had a history of previous ON. In almost all measured parameters, neuroretinal rim thicknesses were observed the thinnest in eyes with ON history between all subgroups. S-RNFL and APS-RNFL techniques showed the difference in neuroretinal rim thickness in all three subjects (ON+, ON−, and HC). However, BMO-MRW, on the other hand, could not distinguish between ON(−) patients and HC. The relationship between OCT parameters and EDSS were observed only in eyes with an ON history in all three techniques. A meaningful model with 78% accuracy was obtained by using only the OCT parameters as risk factors. In the ROC analysis, no parameters were found to have acceptable high sensitivity and specificity. BMO-MRW was statistically weaker in every aspect than other RNFL techniques. Conclusion: The novel APS-RNFL technique appears to be a bit more reliable alternative to S-RNFL technique to support therapeutic decision-making in MS. BMO-MRW has not been found as a successful alternative to S-RNFL.
Revision and 90-day mortality following hip arthroplasty in patients with inflammatory arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis enrolled in the National Joint Registry for England and Wales
Authors: Miller Laura L , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Trela-Larsen Lea , Wilkinson J Mark , Clark Emma M , Blom Ashley W , MacGregor Alexander J 
Published: February 2021

Aim: To assess revision rates and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty (HA) for inflammatory arthritis compared to hip osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The analysis was conducted among cases of HA that were recorded in the National Joint Registry for England and Wales (NJR) between April 2003 and December 2012 and linked to Office for National Statistics mortality records. Procedures were identified where the indication for surgery was listed as seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), other inflammatory arthritis (otherIA), or OA. 5-year revision risk and 90-day postoperative mortality according to indication were compared using Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade, year of operation, implant type, and surgical approach. Results: The cohort included 1457 HA procedures conducted for RA, 615 for AS, 1000 for otherIA, and 183,108 for OA. When compared with OA, there was no increased revision risk for any form of inflammatory arthritis (adjusted HRs: RA: 0.93 (0.64–1.35); AS: 1.14 (0.73–1.79); otherIA: 1.08 (0.73–1.59)). Postoperative 90-day mortality was increased for RA when compared with OA (adjusted HR: 2.86 (1.68–4.88)), but not for AS (adjusted HR: 1.56 (0.59–4.18)) or otherIA (adjusted HR: 0.64 (0.16–2.55)). Conclusions: The revision risk in HA performed for all types of inflammatory arthritis is similar to that for HA performed for OA. The 3-fold increased risk of 90-day mortality in patients with RA compared with OA highlights the need for active management of associated comorbidities in RA patients during the perioperative period.
Cooling Interventions Among Agricultural Workers: Qualitative Field-Based Study
Authors: Chicas Roxana , Xiuhtecutli Nezahualcoyotl , Dickman Nathan Eric , Flocks Joan , Scammell Madeleine K. , Steenland Kyle , Hertzberg Vicki , McCauley Linda 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Agricultural workers perform intense labor outside in direct sunlight and in humid environmental conditions exposing them to a high risk of heat-related illness (HRI). To implement effective cooling interventions in occupational settings, it is important to consider workers’ perceptions. To date, an analysis of agricultural workers’ experience and perception of cooling devices used in the field while working has not been published. Methods: Qualitatively data from 61 agricultural workers provided details of their perceptions and experiences with cooling interventions. Results: The participants in the bandana group reported the bandana was practical to use at work and did not interfere with their work routine. Cooling vest group participants agreed that the vest was effective at cooling them, but the practicality of using the vest at work was met with mixed reviews. Conclusion: The findings of this qualitative study support and extend existing research regarding personal cooling and heat prevention research interventions with vulnerable occupational groups. Personal cooling gear was well received and utilized by the agricultural workers. Sustainable heat prevention studies and governmental protection strategies for occupational heat stress are urgently needed to reduce the risk of heat-related morbidity, mortality, and projected climate change health impacts on outdoor workers.