bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of zero-profile device for contiguous three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: comparison with cage and plate construct
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Cen Shuizhong , Wu Jionglin , Guo Rui , Liu Zhenhua , Gao Liangbin 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare a traditional cervical cage with a zero-profile (ZP) fixation device in patients who underwent three-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) in terms of patient-reported outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS], Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA], and Neck Disability Index [NDI] scores), radiographic findings (sagittal alignment 2 years after surgery and likelihood of fusion), and complications.

METHODS
This study was a retrospective case series. Between January 2012 and December 2016, 58 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who required three-level ACDF procedures, as identified by spinal surgeons, were treated with three-level ACDF and an anterior cage-plate construct (ACPC) (n = 38) or a three-level stand-alone ZP device (n = 20). On the basis of patient choice, patients were divided into two groups (ACPC group and ZP group). All patients completed a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Patient-reported outcome scores included VAS, JOA, and NDI scores. The radiographic findings included sagittal alignment and likelihood of fusion 2 years after surgery. Data related to patient-reported outcomes and sagittal alignment were collected preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also documented and analyzed.

RESULTS
The clinical outcomes, including VAS, JOA, and NDI scores, showed improvement in both groups, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Sagittal alignment and height of the fused segments were restored in all patients. However, the authors found no differences between the ZP and ACPC groups, and the groups exhibited similar fusion rates. The authors found no differences in complications, including dysphagia, adjacent-segment degeneration, and postoperative hematoma, between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Use of ZP implants yielded satisfactory long-term clinical and radiological outcomes that were similar to those of the standard ACPC. Additionally, the rates of complications between the groups were not significantly different. Although the best surgical option for multilevel CSM remains controversial, the results of this work suggest that ACDF with the ZP device is feasible, safe, and effective, even for multilevel CSM.
Achondroplasia Natural History Study (CLARITY): 60-year experience in cervicomedullary decompression in achondroplasia from four skeletal dysplasia centers
Authors: Legare Janet M. , Liu Chengxin , Pauli Richard M. , Alade Adekemi Yewande , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Campbell Jeffrey W. , Smid Cory J. , Modaff Peggy , Little Mary Ellen , Rodriguez-Buritica David F. , Serna Maria Elena , Hecht Jaqueline T. , Hoover-Fong Julie E. , Bober Michael B. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to determine the overall incidence of cervicomedullary decompression (CMD) in patients with achondroplasia and the characteristics associated with those surgeries across multiple institutions with experience caring for individuals with skeletal dysplasias.

METHODS
Data from CLARITY (Achondroplasia Natural History Study) for 1374 patients with achondroplasia from four skeletal dysplasia centers (A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Johns Hopkins University, University of Texas Health, and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health) followed from 1957 to 2017 were recorded in a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Data collected and analyzed included surgeries, indications, complications, ages at time of procedures, screening procedures, and medical diagnoses.

RESULTS
There were 314 CMD procedures in 281 patients (20.5% of the entire cohort). The median age of first CMD was 1.3 years in males and 1.1 years in females. Over time, there was a decrease in the median age of patients at first CMD. All patients born before 1980 who underwent CMD had the procedure after 5 years of age, whereas 98% of patients born after 2010 underwent CMD before 5 years of age. In addition, a greater proportion of patients born in more recent decades had documented neuroimaging and polysomnography (PSG) prior to CMD. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) were placed more frequently in patients undergoing CMD (23%) than in the entire cohort (8%). Patients who required either CMD or VPS were 7 times more likely to require both surgeries than patients who required neither surgery (OR 7.0, 95% CI 4.66–10.53; p < 0.0001). Overall, 10.3% of patients who underwent CMD required a subsequent CMD.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of CMD in this large achondroplasia cohort was 20%, with more recently treated patients undergoing first CMD at younger ages than earlier patients. The use of neuroimaging and PSG screening modalities increased over time, suggesting that increased and better surveillance contributed to earlier identification and intervention in patients with cervicomedullary stenosis and its complications.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in pediatric patients: an analysis of a national hospitalization database in Thailand
Authors: Limwattananon Phumtham , Kitkhuandee Amnat 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
Shunt failure is common among patients undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunting for treatment of hydrocephalus. The present study examined long-term shunt failure and associated risk factors in pediatric patients by using a national hospitalization database of Thailand.

METHODS
Patients 17 years or younger who had been admitted to 71 public hospitals in 2012–2017 for first-time ventriculoperitoneal shunting for diseases with known etiology and discharged alive were followed through 2019 to ascertain shunt failure. Shunt survivals were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and time to failure was analyzed to identify risk factors for the first failure by using Cox proportional hazards regression. Differences in risks of subsequent failures with respect to place in the order of failures (i.e., first, second, third) were determined using a cumulative hazard function.

RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 29.9 months, shunt failure occurred in 33.7% of 2072 patients (median age 8.8 months), with a higher proportion in patients < 1 year than in patients 1–17 years (37.8% vs 28.9%, p < 0.001), and ranged from 26.1% of those having posttraumatic hydrocephalus to 35.9% of those having infectious diseases. The shunt failure rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 11.5%, 19.0%, and 25.2%, respectively. Patients < 1 year had a higher risk of the first failure than patients 1–17 years (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.20–1.76). Among those with shunt failure, 35.8% had multiple failures and 52.9% failed within 180 days after the index shunting. The cumulative hazard of subsequent failure was consistently higher than that of an earlier failure regardless of age and etiology, and the cumulative hazard of the second failure in the patients with 180-day failure was higher than that in the patients in whom shunts failed beyond 180 days.

CONCLUSIONS
Shunt failure occurred more frequently in younger pediatric patients. Much attention should be placed on the initial shunt operation so as to mitigate the failure risk. Close follow-up was crucial once patients had developed the failure, because the risk of subsequent failure was more likely than an earlier one among those with multiple failures.
STUDI PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH STYROFOAM PADA PERKERASAN ASPAL PORUS
Authors: Putri Elsa Eka , Hermistanora Hermistanora , Adji Bayu Martanto 
Published: June 2021

Styrofoam adalah sejenis limbah plastik yang sulit terurai,dan didaur ulang, sehingga limbah Styrofoam akan terus menggunung dan merusak lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi mengenai “Pengaruh Penggunaan Styrofoam terhadap Kinerja Perkerasan Aspal Porus”. Pemanfaatan limbah untuk meningkatkan kinerja perkerasan jalan dan menyelamatkan lingkungan dengan mengurangi jumlah limbah terutama limbah Styrofoam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar aspal optimum campuran asphalt porus yang menghasilkan kinerja perkerasan optimum dengan menggunakan metoda Australia Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA, 2004) serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi Styrofoam pada aspal terhadap kinerja perkerasan. Parameter untuk menentukan kadar aspal optimum yaitu; nilai Cantabro Loss (CL), Asphalt Flow Down (AFD) dan Void in Mix (VIM). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai KAO 5,65% dengan nilai kinerja perkerasan optimum yaitu; stabilitas 555,75 kg, flow 5,46 mm, VIM 22,15%, MQ 101,89 kg/mm, CL 16% dan AFD 0,29%. Peningkatan subtitusi kadar Styrofoam pada KAO dan KAO ± 0,5% benda uji meningkatkan nilai stabilitas, vim, mq dan cl benda uji. Nilai flow dan nilai AFD campuran aspal porus menurun dengan meningkatnya subtitusi Styrofoam pada KAO dan KAO ± 0,5%.
Keywords: Aspal Porus, Styrofoam, Kinerja Perkerasan
AKTIFASI TEMPURUNG KELAPA UNTUK MEREDUKSI EMISI GAS BUANG MOTOR BAKAR
Authors: Winoko Yuniarto Agus , Wicaksono Ageng Gumelar 
Published: June 2021

Penggunaan karbon aktif sebagai katalis mempunyai keuntungan diantaranya dapat menghilangkan bau, penyerapan warna, zat purifikasi, sebagai adsorben, berpori, dan daya ikatnya kuat terhadap zat yang hendak dipisahkan secara fisik atau kimiawi.
Tujuan penelitian mengomparasikan emisi gas buang sepeda motor setelah dan sebelum terpasang adsorben pada knalpot dan menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap putaran mesin CO, HC, dan CO2. Metode menggunakan eksperimen laboratorium dengan massa karbon aktif untuk mendapatkan data. Variabel bebas penelitian ini massa karbon aktif dan putaran mesin dan variabel terikatnya emisi CO, HC, dan CO2. Selanjutnya data hasil penelitian tersaji dalam dalam bentuk grafik dan menganalisisnya dengan menggunakan two way anova.
Hasil menunjukkan penurunan CO sebesar 12,06%, HC 17,58%, dan CO2 8,14% pada penggunaan adsorben karbon aktif 200 gram.
Peran Generasi Muda dalam Pemanfaatan Media Sosial untuk Mempromosikan Geopark Ciletuh
Authors: Kadarisman Ade 
Published: June 2021

Generasi muda memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mempromosikan pariwisata. Upaya generasi muda ini tidak bisa dipisahkan mengingat pariwisata berkelanjutan berkembang sangat pesat dalam berbagai kegiatan wisata. Mereka bisa melakukan konservasi lingkungan serta ikut serta dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal. Media sosial dan generasi muda merupakan dua hal yang memiliki potensi terbesar untuk membantu dalam publikasi dan infomasi mengenai pariwisata. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Geopark Ciletuh Kabupaten Sukabumi Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data primer di antaranya wawancara, focus group discussion dan observasi lapangan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peran generasi muda dalam menggunakan media sosial untuk pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan penting adanya. Mereka sadar akan manfaat yang akan diberikan oleh media sosial apabila digunakan secara bijak. Akan tetapi, masih terdapat kendala yang dihadapi, yaitu belum maksimalnya penggunaan media sosial sehingga belum dapat menghasilkan promosi yang maksimal karena inovasi yang masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran generasi muda dalam menggunakan media sosial untuk mendukung pariwisata berkelanjutan di Geopark Ciletuh Kabupaten Sukabumi Provinsi Jawa Barat sebagai upaya dalam mengembangkan pariwisata berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: komunikasi, media sosial, generasi muda, pariwisata berkelanjutan, geopark ciletuh
The Audience’s Response to Gender Relation Campaign of Ketchup Brand on Youtube
Authors: Nasucha Muchammad , Kertanegara Rizky 
Published: June 2021

Currently, the rapid usage of the Internet as a tool or medium of communication and information, including media campaign to society, is popular to spread the idea(s), thought, even ideology. YouTube, as one of the popular video-sharing social media, is vivacious and potential to get the audience’s attention and responses accordingly to the design(s) like ABC as one of the brands of complementary food (sauce/ketchup) has done. This research tries to find the audience’s responses to gendered-relations campaign through the new media, particularly through social media (YouTube). Based on reader-response theory and using [dominantly] qualitative text online analysis, this research attempts to find the variety of the audience’s response to the Campaign. Finally, this research finds that basically, the responses are implicit and explicit. The explicit means that the icon like and unlike identifies the audience’s positive and negative responses. The implicit response appears in the comment section, both verbal and nonverbal (such as emoticon). We can catch many comments about gender relations. Even between wife-husband (spousal relationship), the dichotomy still exists and shows a negative-positive pole. The diverse responses/comments presented by the audiences seem to be influenced by several factors, such as values of the culture, education, family, environment, society, and religion. It seems that the campaign as a digital marketing strategy has affected the audiences to involve in spreading the idea, called as the word-of-mouth effect.
Keywords: audience response, Campaign, gender relation, social media, digital marketing
Aktivitas Public Relations dalam Mengelola Citra di Industri Financial Technology
Authors: Lovis Kevin Zaprilan 
Published: June 2021

Citra perusahaan yang baik di mata publik menjadi salah satu faktor yang harus diperhatikan di tengah persaingan bisnis saat ini. Bagi perusahaan fintech lending yang bergerak pada layanan keuangan dan beroperasional secara online, trust dan citra positif dari pengguna atau calon pengguna menjadi hal yang penting. Membangun trust dan citra positif merupakan fungsi dari public relations dalam sebuah perusahaan. Melalui penelitian ini akan dilihat bagaimana praktisi public relations Investree menjalankan aktivitas PR dalam rangka mengelola citra perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma interpretif dan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan wawancara sebagai metode utama dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa posisi PR di Investree sudah dijalankan secara strategis dengan aktivitas PR yang paling dominan dilakukan adalah media relations, customer relations, dan content and brand management. Akan tetapi, aktivitas lainnya seperti community relations, government relations, corporate social responsibility dan lain sebagainya juga dilakukan oleh tim lainnya dalam departemen Marketing & Communications. Selanjutnya, semua tools PR juga telah dimanfaatkan oleh tim PR Investree, mulai dari controlled PR, uncontrolled PR, dan juga semi-controlled PR, termasuk salah satunya adalah media sosial dalam mengelola citra positif di mata publik.
Kata Kunci: Citra, Public Relations, Fintech Lending, Media Relations, PR Tools
Quality of Life and Anxiety in Patients with First Diagnosed Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Who Receive Adjuvant Bladder Therapy
Authors: Vaioulis Alexandros , Bonotis Konstantinos , Perivoliotis Konstantinos , Kiouvrekis Yiannis , Gravas Stavros , Tzortzis Vasilios , Karatzas Anastasios 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies (4.5%of all newly diagnosed cases worldwide). Most of the new BC cases are diagnosed as non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC), needing continuous follow up after primary endoscopic therapy. Adjuvant bladder therapy with chemo- or immuno- agents, apart from the initial diagnosis, the strict surveillance program and the risk of recurrence, may have a major impact on the patients’ physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated anxiety and quality of life (QoL) in patients who underwent surgery for NMIBC and followed a bladder instillation programme. METHODS: This is a prospective analysis of patients with histopathologically confirmed NMIBCs. Eligible were all adult patients with a single or multiple NMIBCs who underwent a transurethral tumor resection and followed a therapy with either BCG or Epirubicin instillations. The SF-36 questionnaire Physical and Mental health aspects were used for QoL assessment. Similarly, the STAI-Y was introduced for the state (STAI-Y1) and trait anxiety (STAI-Y2) evaluation. RESULTS: 117 eligible patients were screened, with 108 entering finally the study; 9 patients were excluded due to disease recurrence. 17 patients (15.7%) received Epirubicin (Ta-T1, Low Grade tumors), whereas 91 patients (84.3%) received BCG (T1, High Grade). Regarding SF-36 Physical a 6 months decrease was followed by an improvement at 12 months ( p = 0.008). Similarly, an increase of the SF-36 Mental health score was identified ( p = 0.03). In contrast to STAI-Y2 scores ( p = 0.945), a long-term reduction of the state anxiety was identified ( p = 0.001). Preoperative SF-36 Physical was inversely correlated with age ( p = 0.029), while absence of alcohol was associated with lower mental health ( p = 0.003). Overall, patient characteristics, habits and the administered treatment did not affect the postoperative QoL and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Patient QoL and anxiety improved during follow up. Still, further larger scale studies are required to support our findings.
Hip and ankle strength and range of motion in female soccer players with dynamic knee valgus
Authors: Jo Young Jin , Kim Young Kyun 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is a known risk factor for acute and chronic knee injuries and is more frequently diagnosed in females. A real-time single-leg squat test (SLST) could screen for DKV to prevent injuries. OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in lower extremity strength and range of motion (ROM) in female soccer athletes with and without DKV during an SLST. METHODS: Eighteen subjects with DKV (DKV group) and 18 subjects without DKV (control group) during a single-leg squat were included. Hip strength (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) was measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Hip ROM (internal and external rotation), and ankle ROM (dorsiflexion with the knee flexed and extended) were measured. Independent t-test was used to compare the averages of the groups. RESULTS: There were significant differences in hip abduction to adduction strength ratio (DKV: 1.48 [Formula: see text] 0.3, control: 1.22 [Formula: see text] 0.26, [Formula: see text] 0.01) and ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (DKV: 17.22 [Formula: see text] 6.82, control: 21.22 [Formula: see text] 4.55, [Formula: see text] 0.05) and extended (DKV: 10.14 [Formula: see text] 4.23, control: 14.75 [Formula: see text] 3.40, [Formula: see text] 0.001) between the groups. CONCLUSION: The hip abduction to adduction strength ratio and gastrocnemius and soleus flexibility may be associated factors in dynamic knee valgus and therefore should be assessed and treated, if indicated, as a possible preventive measure in female athletes with this variation.
Physico-chemical properties and nutritional composition of fruits of the wild Himalayan strawberry (Fragaria nubicola Lindle.) in different ripening stages
Authors: Bhutia Pema O. , Kewlani Pushpa , Pandey Aseesh , Rawat Sandeep , Bhatt Indra D. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Genus Fragaria (family - Rosaceae), popular edible berry fruits with delicious flavor and considerable health benefits has many wild relatives in the Himalayan region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to characterize variability in morphology, physicochemical properties, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity in wild Himalayan Strawberry, Fragaria nubicola along the ripening stages and among the genotypes. METHOD: Morphological and physicochemical properties, thiamine, carotenes, total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) were determined in four ripening stages of berry fruits. RESULTS: Morphological attributes (diameter, length, volume, and fresh weight of berries) have shown considerable variations among the genotypes and increased significantly ( p < 0.05) with the ripening stages. The physicochemical properties such as juice content, pH and moisture content also increased with the ripening, however, the pomace content decreased with the ripening. Anthocyanin content increased significantly ( p < 0.05) with ripening and reached at maximum level after full ripening. A successive decrease in free and bounded total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents was observed with the ripening except in total tannin content. However, a reverse trend of these phenolics was observed in juice along with the ripening. The antioxidant activity measured by three in vitro assays increased with the ripening. Phenolics were extracted higher in the acidified methanolic solvent (extracted free and bounded phenolics) as compared to methanolic solvent (extracted free phenolics). Phenolic compounds quantified by RP-HPLC analysis were extracted higher in acidified methanol as compared to methanol, except chlorogenic acid content. CONCLUSION: The results showed quantitative changes in free and bounded phenolics and morphological and functional traits along with the ripening. Also, this important genetic resource exhibited potential utility in the breeding of strawberry improvement programs and as an alternative resource of rich phytonutrients and antioxidants as a functional food.
Reliable Resolution of Full-Length Huntingtin Alleles by Quantitative Immunoblotting
Authors: Caron Nicholas S. , Anderson Christine , Black Hailey Findlay , Sanders Shaun S. , Lemarié Fanny L. , Doty Crystal N. , Hayden Michael R. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Therapeutics that lower mutant huntingtin (mHTT) have shown promise in preclinical studies and are in clinical development for the treatment of Huntington disease (HD). Multiple assays have been developed that either quantify mHTT or total HTT but may not accurately measure levels of wild type HTT (wtHTT) in biological samples. Objective: To optimize a method that can be used to resolve, quantify and directly compare levels of full length wtHTT and mHTT in HD samples. Methods: We provide a detailed quantitative immunoblotting protocol to reproducibly resolve full length wtHTT and mHTT in multiple HD mouse and patient samples. Results: We show that this assay can be modified, depending on the sample, to resolve wtHTT and mHTT with a wide range of polyglutamine length differences (ΔQs 22–179). We also demonstrate that this method can be used to quantify allele-selective lowering of mHTT using an antisense oligonucleotide in HD patient-derived cells. Conclusion: This quantitative immunoblotting method can be used to reliably resolve full-length HTT alleles with ΔQs≥22 and allows for direct comparison of wtHTT and mHTT levels in HD samples.