bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brugada phenocopy in a patient with unstable angina and three‐vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Casu Gavino , Berne Paola , Viola Graziana , Bandino Stefano , Baranchuk Adrian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 52‐year‐old male was admitted with unstable angina and three‐vessel coronary artery disease. Electrocardiography (ECG) changes consistent with type‐1 Brugada ECG pattern were noted during admission. The patient was asymptomatic for syncope and had no family history of sudden cardiac death, ICD implantation, and Brugada syndrome. After coronary by‐pass graft the Brugada ECG pattern resolved, and ajmaline test did not elicit type‐1 ECG pattern, confirming the suspicion of Brugada phenocopy.
Extracellular vesicle‐mediated regulation of tumor angiogenesis— implications for anti‐angiogenesis therapy
Authors: Zhang Shuqiong , Yang Junyao , Shen Lisong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAngiogenesis plays an important role in tumour progression. However, anti‐angiogenesis therapy of inhibiting pro‐angiogenic factors failed to meet expectations in certain types of tumour in clinical trials. Recent studies reveal that tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential in tumour angiogenesis and anti‐angiogenesis drug resistance. This function has most commonly been attributed to EV contents including proteins and non‐coding RNAs. Here, we summarize the recent findings of tumour‐derived EV contents associated with regulating angiogenesis and illustrate the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the roles of EVs in tumour microenvironmental cells are also illustrated with a focus on how EVs participate in cell‐cell communication, contributing to tumour‐mediated angiogenesis. It will help offer new perspectives on developing targets of anti‐angiogenesis drugs and improve the efficacy of anti‐angiogenesis therapies based on tumour‐derived EVs.
Shedding light on the deep: The case of the velvet belly lanternshark in the North Aegean Sea
Authors: Kousteni Vasiliki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMain biological features were assessed for the first time in the deep‐water shark Etmopterus spinax from Hellenic waters by examining 150 individuals caught incidentally in the bottom‐trawl commercial fishery off Skyros island. Females outnumbered males and the overall sex ratio was 1.38:1. Females ranged from 122 to 311 mm in total length (LT) and males from 129 to 270 mm LT, both exhibiting positive allometric growth. Total length–total mass relationships and frequency distributions did not show significant differences between females and males. Sexual dimorphism was not either found by analysing 56 different morphological characteristics. The effect of sex and season was more prominent on the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices compared to the relative condition factor. Most of the individuals were sexually immature, with two specimens classified as mature, one gravid female reaching 311 mm LT with undeveloped gonads and enlarged uteri with embryos, and one male reaching 270 mm LT with enlarged gonads and rigid claspers with hooks. The present study highlights the importance of the sampling location as a breeding and nursery ground for E. spinax in the eastern Mediterranean Sea that should be taken into account for the species' conservation considering its intrinsic characteristics, which make it vulnerable to fishing pressure.
Banking on Deposits: Maturity Transformation without Interest Rate Risk
Authors: DRECHSLER ITAMAR , SAVOV ALEXI , SCHNABL PHILIPP 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTWe show that maturity transformation does not expose banks to interest rate risk—it hedges it. The reason is the deposit franchise, which allows banks to pay deposit rates that are low and insensitive to market interest rates. Hedging the deposit franchise requires banks to earn income that is also insensitive, that is, to lend long term at fixed rates. As predicted by this theory, we show that banks closely match the interest rate sensitivities of their interest income and expense, and that this insulates their equity from interest rate shocks. Our results explain why banks supply long‐term credit.
Why Difference Makes a Difference: Diversity, Inequality, and Institutionalization
Authors: DiTomaso Nancy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explain why differences make such a difference by drawing on an historical, institutional, and structural account of intergroup relations and to show the relevance in the present of what has in the past shaped the differences that we take for granted as essential, enduring, and consequential. I make five fundamental points about the meaning of diversity and why difference makes a difference. First, I argue that diversity is always associated with hierarchical inequality, most prominently a racial hierarchy. Second, I emphasize the historical embeddedness of diversity through processes of institutionalization. Third, I emphasize that the structure of intergroup relations is also always subject to contentious politics and to social change. Fourth, I argue that understanding the consequences of diversity over time requires a multi‐levelled analysis at the structural, cultural, and social psychological levels in their interrelationships and mutual causality. Fifth, I call attention to the epistemological ignorance that overlays inequality and the history of diversity. I conclude with a discussion of theoretical contributions and outline the need for anti‐racist responses at multiple levels to break the link between diversity and inequality.
Do method effects generalize across traits (and what if they don't)?
Authors: Geiser Christian , Simmons Trenton G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveMultitrait‐multimethod (MTMM) data can be analyzed with single‐indicator confirmatory factor analysis (CFA‐MTMM) models. Most single‐indicator CFA‐MTMM models imply—but do not allow testing—the restrictive assumption that method biases generalize (correlate) perfectly across different traits for a given method.MethodTo examine the validity of this assumption, we identified and reviewed 20 published applications of multiple‐indicator CFA‐MTMM models, which allow testing this assumption. Based on simulated data, we demonstrate the consequences of violating the assumption of perfectly general method effects based on the CT‐C(M − 1) approach.ResultsWe extracted 111 heterotrait‐monomethod method factor correlation estimates, which varied between |.01| and |1.0| (mean = .52) with most correlations being substantially smaller than |1|. The results of our review and simulations show that violations of the assumption of perfectly general method effects (a) are very common, (b) are difficult to detect based on model fit statistics, and (c) can lead to considerable bias in estimates of convergent validity, method specificity, reliability, and method factor correlations in single‐indicator models.ConclusionsWe recommend that researchers abandon the use of single‐indicator CFA‐MTMM models and that they use multiple‐indicator CFA‐MTMM models whenever possible.
Evaluation of owners’ attitudes towards veterinary insurance in a specialty hospital
Authors: Chaumet A. C. S. G. , Rossi T. A. , Murphy L. A. , Nakamura R. K. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and perception of veterinary insurance among owners’ at a small animal specialty hospital around a large urban city.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire evaluated the prevalence and perception of insurance among owners at a small animal specialty hospital over a 2 month period. Respondents provided demographic information including age, sex, educational level and household income. Respondents without insurance were asked reasons for not having insurance, approximate cost of insurance per month desired and percentage of coverage of medical expenses they would want insurance to provide. Respondents with insurance were asked how they chose their current plan, how it affects their medical decisions for their pet and their overall satisfaction.ResultsSixty‐seven (28.5%) owners reporting having insurance for at least one pet. Owners most commonly selected their current insurance plan based on online research (27, 40.3%). Fifty‐two respondents (77.6%) reported being satisfied with their insurance plan and 49 (73.2%) stated that would recommend their current insurance plan to a friend.Clinical SignificanceInsurance had a relatively high prevalence in this study group with most owners being satisfied with their current plan and would be likely to recommend it to a friend. The role of insurance in how it affects owner's medical decisions, care for their pet and interactions with veterinarians in companion animal medicine requires further evaluation.
Could the use of saliva substitutes improve food oral processing in individuals with xerostomia? A systematic review
Authors: Piaton Sophie , Duconseille Anne , Roger‐Leroi Valérie , Hennequin Martine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractXersotomia is associated with food avoidance and low nutritional assessment. This review seeks to document whether products called “saliva substitutes” or “artificial saliva” can really replace saliva in food oral processing. Pubmed and Science Direct were searched for articles using the keywords “saliva substitutes” and “artificial saliva.” An advanced search was applied using the terms “xerostomia” and/or “food oral processing” and/or “eating” and/or “mastication” and/or “chewing” and/or “swallowing.” The analysis methods and the inclusion criteria were documented in a protocol published in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42019124585). The search included 43 articles, published between 1979 and 2017. Among the included studies, 17 were observational studies, 5 were pilot studies, 21 were crossover studies, and 14 of these studies were blinded. The Strobe score for the included articles varied from 7.5 to 20. The possible effects of the use of saliva substitutes on the ingestion function were poorly investigated. No evidence was based on physiological studies. It is unknown whether using a saliva substitute has an effect on the composition and rheological properties of the food bolus, on the lubrication of the oral and laryngeal mucosa or on both phenomena. Moreover, saliva substitutes were not formulated to improve food oral processing and most of them are flavored. New saliva substitutes and artificial saliva should be designed and formulated to improve food oral processing.
HCV microelimination strategies: An interventional study in diagnosed patients without access to the system
Authors: Guerra Veloz María Fernanda , Del Pino Bellido Pilar , Cordero Ruiz Patricia , Vega Rodriguez Francisco , Bellido Muñoz Francisco , Ramirez de Arellano Encarnación , Caunedo Álvarez Angel , Pascual Hernandez Alvaro , Carmona Soria Isabel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) one‐step diagnosis improves recovery in patients with active infection. However, patients with previous anti‐HCV+ may be excluded. We aimed to identify and retrieve non‐referred or lost‐to‐follow‐up HCV‐infected patients. All anti‐HCV+ patients seen in our hospital between 2013 and 2018 were included. In the first phase, we identified anti‐HCV+ patients who were not referred to the Gastroenterology Unit (GU) or lost‐to‐follow‐up. In the second phase, recovered patients were invited for a one‐step visit for liver evaluation. A total of 1330 anti‐HCV+ patients were included: 21.7% had not been referred to GU, and 23.1% were lost‐to‐follow‐up. In the second phase, 49.6% of patients were contacted, and 92.8% attended a medical consultation: 62.7% had active infection, 92.2% were treated, and 86.5% achieved SVR (ITT). We concluded that screening microbiological data and referring unidentified patients with active HCV infection directly to specialists is an effective tool in achieving HCV microelimination.
An inconvenient tooth: Evaluating female choice in multiple paternity using an evolutionarily and ecologically important vertebrate clade
Authors: Lyons Kady , Kacev Dovi , Mull Christopher G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding mating systems is a pillar of behavioural ecology, placing the complex interactions between females and males into a reproductive context. The field of multiple paternity, the phenomenon whereby many sires contribute to an individual litter, has traditionally viewed females as passive players in a male–male competitive framework. With the emergence of feminist perspectives in ecological fields, novel alternative mechanisms and evolutionary theories across invertebrate and vertebrate taxa recognize females are active stakeholders in the reproductive process. Despite their evolutionary significance, ecological diversity and myriad reproductive modes, elasmobranch (sharks, skates and rays) research lags behind other fields regarding complex biological processes, such as multiple paternity which is often ascribed to convenience polyandry. Here, we layout hypotheses and resynthesize multiple paternity literature from a female and life history perspective to highlight how alternative mechanisms influence the predominance of multiple paternity across elasmobranchs. We draw upon parallels in other invertebrate and vertebrate taxa to demonstrate how female elasmobranchs can influence multiple paternity outcomes that benefit their reproductive success. Our article challenges dogma that has resulted from years of dismissing the female perspective as important and provides a framework for future advancement using more holistic approaches to studying mating systems.
Mapping of flow velocity using spatiotemporal changes in time‐intensity curves from indocyanine green videoangiography
Authors: Niizawa Tomoya , Hachiya Ryota , Sugashi Takuma , Terao Satoshi , Nagai Mutsumi , Ishikawa Mami , Masamoto Kazuto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study developed an image‐based analysis method that uses indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG‐VA) to measure flow velocity in the arteries and veins of the cortical surface in patients undergoing neurosurgery.MethodsMATLAB‐based code was used to correct motion artifacts in the ICG‐VA and determine the time‐intensity curve of the ICG. The slope of the initial increase in ICG intensity following the bolus injection was measured and normalized using the predicted input function in the imaging field. Flow velocity over a certain distance determined by the user was measured based on a time shift of the time‐intensity curves along the centerline of the vessels.ResultsThe normalized slope of ICG intensity represented the expected differences in the flow velocity among the artery (0.67 ± 0.05 s−1), parenchymal tissue (0.49 ± 0.10 s−1), and vein (0.44 ± 0.11 s−1). The flow velocities measured along the vessel centerline were 2.5 ± 1.1 cm/s and 1.1 ± 0.3 cm/s in the arteries (0.5 ± 0.2 mm in diameter) and veins (0.6 ± 0.2 mm in diameter), respectively.ConclusionsAn image‐based analysis method for ICG‐VA was developed to map the expected differences in the flow velocity based on the rising slope of ICG intensity and to measure the absolute flow velocities using the flexible zone and cross‐correlation methods.
Arabidopsis downy mildew effector HaRxLL470 suppresses plant immunity by attenuating the DNA‐binding activity of bZIP transcription factor HY5
Authors: Chen Shuyun , Ma Tao , Song Shiren , Li Xinlong , Fu Peining , Wu Wei , Liu Jiaqi , Gao Yu , Ye Wenxiu , Dry Ian B. , Lu Jiang 
Published: February 2021

Summary

The oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis delivers diverse effector proteins into host plant cells to suppress the plant’s innate immunity. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of action of a conserved RxLR effector, HaRxLL470, in suppressing plant immunity.

Genomic, molecular and biochemical analyses were performed to investigate the function of HaRxLL470 and the mechanism of the interaction between HaRxLL470 and the target host protein during H. arabidopsidis infection.

We report that HaRxLL470 enhances plant susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis isolate Noco2 by interacting with the host photomorphogenesis regulator protein HY5. Our results demonstrate that HY5 is not only an important component in the regulation of light signalling, but also positively regulates host plant immunity against H. arabidopsidis by transcriptional activation of defense‐related genes. We show that the interaction between HaRxLL470 and HY5 compromises the function of HY5 as a transcription factor by attenuating its DNA‐binding activity.

The present study demonstrates that HY5 positively regulates host plant defense against H. arabidopsidis whereas HaRxLL470, a conserved RxLR effector across oomycete pathogens, enhances pathogenicity by interacting with HY5 and suppressing transcriptional activation of defense‐related genes.
Social workers as street‐level policy entrepreneurs
Authors: Aviv Inbal , Gal John , Weiss‐Gal Idit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKnowledge on street‐level bureaucrats as policy entrepreneurs is in its infancy. This article contributes to this emerging field by examining three cases of successful efforts by social workers employed by local social services in Israel to introduce local policy change. These processes varied in the issues that they addressed and the length of time that the policy process took. In each case, a small number of low‐ and meso‐street level community social workers were identified as policy entrepreneurs. Despite their limited resources, formal authority and political capital, the social workers invested efforts over long periods of time into furthering policies they believed would help the communities they worked with. The strategies adopted included seeking legitimacy; creating and disseminating knowledge; participating in policy arenas; and generally eschewing subversive tactics. The interplay between professional affiliation and institutional context informed their motivation to address specific social problems and the strategies they adopted.
What controls the remobilization and deformation of surficial sediment by seismic shaking? Linking lacustrine slope stratigraphy to great earthquakes in South–Central Chile
Authors: Molenaar Ariana , Van Daele Maarten , Vandorpe Thomas , Degenhart Gerald , De Batist Marc , Urrutia Roberto , Pino Mario , Strasser Michael , Moernaut Jasper 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRemobilization and deformation of surficial subaqueous slope sediments create turbidites and soft sediment deformation structures, which are common features in many depositional records. Palaeoseismic studies have used seismically‐induced turbidites and soft sediment deformation structures preserved in sedimentary sequences to reconstruct recurrence patterns and – in some cases – allow quantifying rupture location and magnitude of past earthquakes. However, current understanding of earthquake‐triggered remobilization and deformation lacks studies targeting where these processes take place, the subaqueous slope and involving direct comparison of sedimentary fingerprint with well‐documented historical earthquakes. This study investigates the sedimentary imprint of six megathrust earthquakes with varying rupture characteristics in 17 slope sediment cores from two Chilean lakes, Riñihue and Calafquén, and evaluates how it links to seismic intensity, peak ground acceleration, bracketed duration and slope angle. Centimetre‐scale stratigraphic gaps ranging from ca 1 to 20 cm – caused by remobilization of surficial slope sediment – were identified using high‐resolution multi‐proxy core correlation of slope to basin cores, and six types of soft sediment deformation structures ranging from ca 1 to 25 cm thickness using high‐resolution three‐dimensional X‐ray computed tomography data. Stratigraphic gaps occur on slope angles of ≥2.3°, whereas deformation already occurs from slope angle 0.2°. The thickness of both stratigraphic gaps and soft sediment deformation structures increases with slope angle, suggesting that increased gravitational shear stress promotes both surficial remobilization and deformation. Seismic shaking is the dominant trigger for surficial remobilization and deformation at the studied lakes. Total remobilization depth correlates best with bracketed duration and is highest in both lakes for the strongest earthquakes (Mw ca 9.5). In lake Riñihue, soft sediment deformation structure thickness and type correlate best with peak ground acceleration providing the first field‐based evidence of progressive soft sediment deformation structure development with increasing peak ground acceleration for soft sediment deformation structures caused by Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability. The authors propose that long duration and low frequency content of seismic shaking favours surficial remobilization, whereas ground motion amplitude controls Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability‐related soft sediment deformation structure development.
Effectiveness of personal communication strategy in motivating replacement donors to become voluntary blood donors
Authors: Jain Romesh , Kumar Rakesh , Coshic Poonam , Chandra Pandey Hem , Jain Shubhangi 
Published: February 2021

Background and objectivesBlood donation is very crucial for continuous supply of blood in blood banks for the appropriate patient management. This study was conducted to obtain information from replacement blood donors regarding barriers for voluntary blood donation, and for this, we assessed the effectiveness of personal communication strategy to convert them into voluntary blood donors.Materials and methodsProspective longitudinal interventional study with personal communication strategy as intervention, conducted on in‐house replacement blood donors, who never donated voluntarily, and to convert them into future voluntary blood donors. Enrolled blood donors were randomized into the case and the control arms, and a questionnaire regarding barrier for voluntary blood donation was administered. Personal communication strategy was applied in the case arm, and no intervention was done in the control arm. Six months after the enrolment, donors were contacted telephonically and the history of repeat donation in the last 3 months was asked.ResultsOf the selected 769 donors, 381 and 388 donors were randomized into the case and the control arms, respectively. Lack of awareness about voluntary blood donation, lack of time and convenience were the most common reasons for not donating blood voluntarily. In the post‐motivational period, 23·35% and 3·35% of the blood donors in the case and the control arms, respectively, donated blood voluntarily.ConclusionThis study revealed the factors for not donating blood voluntarily. We believe that our results can be used to convert the existing replacement donors into voluntary donors by applying the personal communication strategy, and future study can be planned, combined with some other effective tools to bring the maximum desired results.