bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-parity-time symmetry enabled on-chip chiral polarizer
Authors: Wei Yanxian , Zhou Hailong , Chen Yuntian , Ding Yunhong , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: October 2021

Encircling an exceptional point (EP) in a parity-time (PT) symmetric system has shown great potential for chiral optical devices, such as chiral mode switching for symmetric and antisymmetric modes. However, to our best knowledge, chiral switching for polarization states has never been reported, although chiral polarization manipulation has significant applications in imaging, sensing, communication, etc. Here, inspired by the anti-PT symmetry, we demonstrate, for the first time to our best knowledge, an on-chip chiral polarizer by constructing a polarization-coupled anti-PT symmetric system. The transmission axes of the chiral polarizer are different for forward and backward propagation. A polarization extinction ratio of over 10 dB is achieved for both propagating directions. Moreover, a telecommunication experiment is performed to demonstrate the potential applications in polarization encoding signals. It provides a novel functionality for encircling-an-EP parametric evolution and offers a new approach for on-chip chiral polarization manipulation.
A signature based on 11 autophagy genes for prognosis prediction of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Shuo , Wang Yan , Wang Boxue , Zhang Lin , Su Yinan , Xu Mingyue , Zhang Mingqing 
Published: October 2021

Aim
To develop an autophagy-gene-based signature that could help to anticipate the therapeutic effects of Colorectal Cancer (CRC).

Methods
We downloaded the gene expression profiles of CRC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Genes with significant prognostic value in CRC were screened through univariate Cox regression analysis, while the LASSO Cox regression method was applied to screen optimal genes to construct the autophagy‐related prognostic signature.

Results
11 autophagy genes were identified and selected for the establishment of prognosis prediction model for CRC patients. The CRC patients were classified into the low- and high-risk groups according to the optimal cutoff value. The time-dependent ROC curves indicated the good performance of this model in prognosis prediction, with AUC values of 0.66, 0.66, and 0.67 at 1, 3 and 5 years for TCGA samples, as well as AUC values of 0.63, 0.65 and 0.64 for GEO samples, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis results confirmed risk score as the independent marker for prognosis prediction in CRC. Besides, the constructed nomogram also had high predictive value. The results analysis on the tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) relative ratios and mRNA levels of key immune checkpoint receptors indicated the signature was closely related to immune microenvironment of CRC in the context of TIICs and immune checkpoint receptors’ mRNA level. The proportion of MSI-L + MSI-H in the high-risk group was higher than that in the low-risk group. Moreover, the tumor purity was evaluated by estimate function package suggested that lower tumor purity in CRC might lead to a poorer prognosis.

Conclusion
The autophagy-related features obtained in this study were able to divide the CRC patients into low- and high-risk groups, which should be contribute to the decision-making of CRC treatment.
Knowledge syntheses in medical education: Meta-research examining author gender, geographic location, and institutional affiliation
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Ninkov Anton , Costello Joseph A. , Driessen Erik W. , Artino Anthony R. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Authors of knowledge syntheses make many subjective decisions during their review process. Those decisions, which are guided in part by author characteristics, can impact the conduct and conclusions of knowledge syntheses, which assimilate much of the evidence base in medical education. To better understand the evidence base, this study describes the characteristics of knowledge synthesis authors, focusing on gender, geography, and institution.

Methods
In 2020, the authors conducted meta-research to examine authors of 963 knowledge syntheses published between 1999 and 2019 in 14 core medical education journals.

Results
The authors identified 4,110 manuscript authors across all authorship positions. On average there were 4.3 authors per knowledge synthesis (SD = 2.51, Median = 4, Range = 1–22); 79 knowledge syntheses (8%) were single-author publications. Over time, the average number of authors per synthesis increased (M = 1.80 in 1999; M = 5.34 in 2019). Knowledge syntheses were authored by slightly more females (n = 2047; 50.5%) than males (n = 2005; 49.5%) across all author positions. Authors listed affiliations in 58 countries, and 58 knowledge syntheses (6%) included authors from low- or middle-income countries. Authors from the United States (n = 366; 38%), Canada (n = 233; 24%), and the United Kingdom (n = 180; 19%) published the most knowledge syntheses. Authors listed affiliation at 617 unique institutions, and first authors represented 362 unique institutions with greatest representation from University of Toronto (n = 55, 6%). Across all authorship positions, the large majority of knowledge syntheses (n = 753; 78%) included authors from institutions ranked in the top 200 globally.

Conclusion
Knowledge synthesis author teams have grown over the past 20 years, and while there is near gender parity across all author positions, authorship has been dominated by North American researchers located at highly ranked institutions. This suggests a potential overrepresentation of certain authors with particular characteristics, which may impact the conduct and conclusions of medical education knowledge syntheses.
Combination therapy using TGF-β1 and STI-571 can induce apoptosis in BCR-ABL oncogene-expressing cells
Authors: Bakhshayesh Masoome , Gohari Ladan Hosseini , Barati Mahmood , Safa Majid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The BCR-ABL oncogene is a tyrosine kinase gene that is over-expressed in CML. It inhibits the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Due to resistance of cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI-571, the combined effect of STI-571 and TGF-β1 on K562 cells was studied in the present research. Results revealed that the TGF-β1 cell signaling pathway, which is activated in K562 cells treated with TGF-β1, activates collective cell signaling pathways involved in survival and apoptosis.
It is noteworthy that treating K562 cells with STI-571 triggered apoptotic pathways, accompanied by a reduction in proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, p-AKT, p-Stat5, p-FOXO3, and Mcl-1 and an increase in the pro-apoptotic proteins PARP cleavage, and p27, leading to an increase in sub-G1 phase-arrested and Annexin-positive cells.
Interestingly, the proliferation behavior of TGF-β1-induced cells was changed with the combination therapy, and STI-571-induced apoptosis was also prompted by this combination. Thus, combination treatment appears to promote sub-G1 cell cycle arrest compared to individually treated cells. Furthermore, it strongly triggered apoptotic signaling. In conclusion, TGF-β1 did not negatively impact the effect of STI-571, based on positive annexin cells, and AKT protein phosphorylation remains effective in apoptosis.
An optimization of a reconfigurable CPW antenna for RF energy harvesting cognitive radio application
Authors: Inbaraj Divya , Kailasam Muthumeenakshi , Sankararajan Radha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Radio Frequency (RF) plays a vital role nowadays in harvesting RF Energy from the ambient source. An antenna is required to harvest RF energy and solve the spectrum underutilization problem for the Cognitive Radio (CR) system. This paper presents an optimization of a reconfigurable Coplanar Waveguide Antenna (CPW), which harvests RF energy and is also used for sensing and communication purposes. The performance metrics of the proposed antenna are gain, radiation efficiency, front-back ratio (FBR) and group delay. First, the optimized CPW antenna (sensing antenna) is designed and fabricated in the FR4 substrate for the wideband frequency range of (0.25–3 GHz) with the fractional bandwidth percentage of 175%. The gain of the proposed optimized CPW antenna for different frequency band is: DTV band (UHF-0.47 GHz)-3.327 dBi, GSM 900-2.39 dBi, GSM 1800-3.42 dBi, 3G-3.227 dBi, and Wi-Fi-3.21 dBi. The average gain of the optimized CPW antenna for the frequency range of (0.25–3 GHz) is 3.11 dBi, and the maximum radiation efficiency of the antenna is 91.05%. Next, the optimized CPW antenna is reconfigurable, and it can be reconfigured for a specific frequency band using a PIN diode switch. When the PIN diode switch is in ON state, the antenna acts as a reconfigurable antenna (communicating antenna), and it is operated for the specific frequency band of (0.47 GHz-DTV [UHF] band), (0.9, 1.8, and 2.1 GHz-mobile bands), and (2.4 GHz-Wi-Fi bands). The maximum gain of the optimized frequency reconfigurable CPW antenna is 3.61 dBi, and the radiation efficiency is 92.5%. In the OFF state, the antenna acts as a sensing antenna, and it operates at a wideband frequency range of (0.25–3 GHz). Finally, the prototype of a four-stage Villard voltage multiplier RF-dc conversion circuit using an adjustable impedance matching network is proposed for powering the cognitive radio applications.
Functional characterisation of two receptor interaction determinants in human thymic stromal lymphopoietin
Authors: Marković Iva , Wolfrum Therese , Wohlmann Andreas , Gautam Kritan , Friedrich Karlheinz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with important pathological roles in Asthma bronchiale, malignant tumours and other diseases. The heterodimeric human TSLP receptor (hTSLPR) consists of the TSLP-binding subunit (TSLPRα) and the IL-7Rα-subunit. We studied the properties of hTSLP variants with mutations in their bipartite interaction interface towards IL-7Rα. One mutant (T46D/K101D) showed only mild impairment in receptor affinity but a massive reduction in biological activity. To facilitate the future development of hTSLP mutants with drug properties, we have devised a eukaryontic cytokine display assay with activity read-out and intrinsic genotype-phenotype coupling.
The Imaginative Impulse: Philosophies of Film and Chinese Aesthetic Sensibilities
Authors: Chen Shan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the similarities between inherent Chinese aesthetic sensibilities and modern cinematic thought and introduces Chinese films’ exploration of oriental film aesthetics during the “seventeen-year period” (1949–1966). It serves to remind us that in seeking to understand the developmental trajectory and driving forces behind Chinese film art, it is important to examine the changes in and contexts of modern Chinese modes of thought—especially artistic thought—so as to reveal the aesthetic sensibilities of modern Chinese films; the true nature of their artistic inheritance; and their foundation and potential for modern transformations. The article makes an original Chinese contribution to the creation of a new film aesthetics for future images in the era of artificial intelligence.
The correlation between the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal age in Southern China
Authors: Zhao Jia-Yi , Yu Qing , Yang Xiao-Ming , Li Xiang-Xin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The present study aimed to survey the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Southern China and further to analyze the correlation between the prevalence of GDM and maternal age.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China between January and April 2020. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) was performed, using a 75 g glucose load and venous samples were drawn at 0 h, 1 h and 2 h at 24–28 weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria.

Results
The prevalence of GDM was 14.87% by IADPSG criteria. The incidence of GDM outcome increased and plasma glucose levels remained high among the age subgroups (<20, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, ≥40 years old) in pregnant women. Moreover, the levels of plasma glucose levels after OGTT kept rising among the pregnant women with non-gestational diabetes mellitus (non-GDM). Furthermore, pregnant women were inclined to have abnormal plasma glucose values at 1 h and 2 h than initial fasting plasma glucose (FPG) after OGTT as the age increased.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the incidence of GDM outcome and plasma glucose levels increase as the maternal age increase.
Global sensitivity analysis of statistical models by double randomization method
Authors: Kolyukhin Dmitriy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper addresses a global sensitivity analysis of complex models. The work presents a generalization of the hierarchical statistical models where uncertain parameters determine the distribution of statistical models. The double randomization method is applied to increase the efficiency of the Monte Carlo estimation of Sobol indices. Numerical computations are provided to study the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique. The issue of optimization of the suggested approach is considered.
A global random walk on grid algorithm for second order elliptic equations
Authors: Sabelfeld Karl K. , Smirnov Dmitry , Dimov Ivan , Todorov Venelin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper we develop stochastic simulation methods for solving large systems of linear equations, and focus on two issues: (1) construction of global random walk algorithms (GRW), in particular, for solving systems of elliptic equations on a grid, and (2) development of local stochastic algorithms based on transforms to balanced transition matrix. The GRW method calculates the solution in any desired family of prescribed points of the gird in contrast to the classical stochastic differential equation based Feynman–Kac formula. The use in local random walk methods of balanced transition matrices considerably decreases the variance of the random estimators and hence decreases the computational cost in comparison with the conventional random walk on grids algorithms.
A wavelength and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications
Authors: Frese Daniel , Sain Basudeb , Zhou Hongqiang , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling , Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Optical metasurfaces are perfect candidates for the phase and amplitude modulation of light, featuring an excellent basis for holographic applications. In this work, we present a dual amplitude holographic scheme based on the photon sieve principle, which is then combined with a phase hologram by utilizing the Pancharatnam–Berry phase. We demonstrate that two types of apertures, rectangular and square shapes in a gold film filled with silicon nanoantennas are sufficient to create two amplitude holograms at two different wavelengths in the visible, multiplexed with an additional phase-only hologram. The nanoantennas are tailored to adjust the spectral transmittance of the apertures, enabling the wavelength sensitivity. The phase-only hologram is implemented by utilizing the anisotropic rectangular structure. Interestingly, such three holograms have quantitative mathematical correlations with each other. Thus, the flexibility of polarization and wavelength channels can be utilized with custom-tailored features to achieve such amplitude and phase holography simultaneously without sacrificing any space-bandwidth product. The present scheme has the potential to store different pieces of information which can be displayed separately by switching the wavelength or the polarization state of the reading light beam.
An Evaluation of the US Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa in The 21st Century
Authors: Simuziya Nsama Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study assesses the viability of relations between the US and sub-Saharan Africa by examining the trends of their political and economic cooperation. Given the high number of member states involved in this partnership, a strong alliance could influence good governance practices beyond their continents. The gist of their relationship challenges lies in claims by sub-Saharan states that the partnership is one-sided in favour of the US, turning the enterprise into a zero-sum game. For instance, the US insist on their partners to meet thresholds of ‘good governance practices’ as determined by the US itself. However, governance breaches are revealed from both sides. Data for this study were gathered from secondary and primary sources. The study concludes that the relationship is lukewarm due to mistrust, and this has led to the unsuccessful US involvement in sub-Saharan Africa.
A new way to ensure selective zirconium ion adsorption
Authors: Vasylyeva Hanna , Mironyuk Ivan , Strilchuk Mykola , Maliuk Igor , Mykytyn Igor , Tryshyn Volodymyr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work studies the adsorption of zirconium ions by mesoporous titanium dioxide with surface arsenate groups. Experimental maximal adsorption values of zirconium ions were found to be 109.6 mg/g in neutral medium. This process depends on the interaction time, the equilibrium concentration of zirconium ions, and the acidity of the solution. Adsorption kinetics fit well into the kinetic model based on the pseudo-second-order equation (R
2 = 0.9984). Equilibrium adsorption of zirconium ions is well described by Langmuir’s adsorption theory (R
2 = 0.9856 and χ
2 = 1.307). Although zirconium ions are less actively adsorbed from a neutral medium than strontium or yttrium ions, in the 2% nitric acid only zirconium is adsorbed out of the mixture of zirconium, strontium, and yttrium. The results obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have shown that the investigated adsorbent selectively adsorbs zirconium ions from their mixture with strontium and yttrium in the range of solution acidity pH = 0–1. The average percentage of maximum extraction of zirconium ions is 94.3 ± 2.4%, and the highest percent of zirconium ions taken up from the mixture with strontium and yttrium is ∼98.4%. Investigated titanium dioxide selectively separate 90Zr from 90Sr with the presence of 1000-fold excess of stable 88Sr in radioactive liquid β
− source. This fact is extremely valuable for the age dating of 90Sr-containing device in nuclear forensics or the determination of 90Sr in low activity background samples.
Determination of radioprotective and genotoxic properties of sulfamide derivatives
Authors: Aygün Bünyamin , Alaylar Burak , Akıncıoğlu Akın , Alım Bünyamin , Kocaman Ebu Talip , Karadayı Mehmet , Abu Al-Sayyed Mohammed Ibrahim , Aksu Şeyma , Şakar Erdem , Özpolat Özgür Fırat , Göksu Süleyman , Güllüce Medine , Karabulut Abdulhalik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Some potential drug active substances with the ability to reduce the effects of radiation on human tissues and cells were investigated. For this purpose, eight different types of sulfamide derivatives were synthesized and nuclear radiation protection parameters were determined. Neutron radiation reduction parameters such as the half-value layer effective removal cross-sections, mean free path, and the number of particles passing through the sample were determined with GEANT4 code. Additionally, the gamma radiation attenuation parameters of the materials examined were determined using Phy-X/PSD software in the energy area of 0.015–15 MeV. These parameters are the half-value layer, mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, exposure buildup factor and effective atomic number. Neutron radiation absorption experiments were applied using an 241Am-Be fast neutron source. All results obtained for neutron radiation were compared with paraffin and water. It has been found that the ability of sulfamide derivatives to absorb these radiations is superior to reference materials. To determine whether these derivatives could have adverse effects on human health, their genotoxic potential was determined using the Ames/Salmonella bacterial reversion test. The results showed that these derivatives can be considered genotoxically safe in tests at concentrations up to 5 mM. Thus, it is suggested that the derivative materials examined in this study can be used as active substances for a drug to be made for protection against both neutron and gamma radiation.
Nicotine induced ototoxicity in rat cochlear organotypic cultures
Authors: Zhao Yi , Liang Yue , Pan Chunchen , Tang Xiaomin , Sun Yuxuan , Xu Chenyu , Sun Jiaqiang , Sun Jingwu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has shown that smoking is associated with an increased risk of hearing loss. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding the impact of nicotine on the cochlea remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of nicotine on cochlear cells using cultured cochlear basilar membranes. Cochlear basilar membranes were isolated from newborn rats, cultured, and treated with 1–100 ng/mL nicotine for 48 h. Cuticular plates and stereocilia bundle staining were used to evaluate hair cell (HC) loss. Spiral ganglion neuron and acoustic nerve fiber staining were assessed to evaluate cochlear neural injury. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging were employed to examine cochlear ultrastructural changes. Our results showed that compared to spiral ganglia and nerve fibers, HCs are more susceptible to nicotine-induced toxicity. HC loss was more severe in the basal turn than in the middle and apical turns, while nerve fibers and spiral ganglion cells were morphologically maintained. Ultrastructural changes revealed disordered and damaged stereocilia, swelling and decreased mitochondrial density, swelling, and degranulation of the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results suggest that nicotine causes HCs’ degeneration and loss and may have implications for smoking-related hearing loss.
Procrastination in Relationship to Mental Health
Authors: Boncales Zadel Teresa P. 
Published: October 2021

Procrastination is an act wherein one postpones activities or schedules or, worse, does not perform the tasks. The descriptive-correlational study aimed to determine the causes, mechanisms, consequences, and the correlation between procrastination and mental health among the senior high school students of Mahayag National High School. There were 280 respondents in this particular study. The first questionnaire measures one's procrastinating tendency, while the second measures one's mental health. The researcher underwent the Research Ethics Committee review procedures to ensure that the "do no harm" policy was duly observed and secured proper permission and consent. The results revealed that the respondents have a moderate level of procrastinating tendency. Regarding their mental health, mental health's positive effect cupped a good result, while the negative effect yielded a fair result. The researcher concluded that the respondents' most common procrastinating tendency is the ninja's cogon or ma. ana habit, running out of time and doing things intended to do days before. It is done in academic and household settings, manifested through watching television, going through social media accounts, and sleeping resulting in educational, psychological, and physiological consequences.