bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic arousal after encoding reverses the course of systems consolidation in humans
Authors: Krenz Valentina , Sommer Tobias , Alink Arjen , Roozendaal Benno , Schwabe Lars 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that episodic memories undergo a time-dependent systems consolidation process, during which hippocampus-dependent memories eventually become reliant on neocortical areas. Here we show that systems consolidation dynamics can be experimentally manipulated and even reversed. We combined a single pharmacological elevation of post-encoding noradrenergic activity through the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine with fMRI scanning both during encoding and recognition testing either 1 or 28 days later. We show that yohimbine administration, in contrast to placebo, leads to a time-dependent increase in hippocampal activity and multivariate encoding-retrieval pattern similarity, an indicator of episodic reinstatement, between 1 and 28 days. This is accompanied by a time-dependent decrease in neocortical activity. Behaviorally, these neural changes are linked to a reduced memory decline over time after yohimbine intake. These findings indicate that noradrenergic activity shortly after encoding may alter and even reverse systems consolidation in humans, thus maintaining vividness of memories over time.
A hierarchical cellular structural model to unravel the universal power-law rheological behavior of living cells
Authors: Hang Jiu-Tao , Kang Yu , Xu Guang-Kui , Gao Huajian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiving cells are a complex soft material with fascinating mechanical properties. A striking feature is that, regardless of their types or states, cells exhibit a universal power-law rheological behavior which to this date still has not been captured by a single theoretical model. Here, we propose a cellular structural model that accounts for the essential mechanical responses of cell membrane, cytoplasm and cytoskeleton. We demonstrate that this model can naturally reproduce the universal power-law characteristics of cell rheology, as well as how its power-law exponent is related to cellular stiffness. More importantly, the power-law exponent can be quantitatively tuned in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.5, as found in most types of cells, by varying the stiffness or architecture of the cytoskeleton. Based on the structural characteristics, we further develop a self-similar hierarchical model that can spontaneously capture the power-law characteristics of creep compliance over time and complex modulus over frequency. The present model suggests that mechanical responses of cells may depend primarily on their generic architectural mechanism, rather than specific molecular properties.
Phosphoproteome profiling uncovers a key role for CDKs in TNF signaling
Authors: Tanzer Maria C. , Bludau Isabell , Stafford Che A. , Hornung Veit , Mann Matthias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the few cytokines successfully targeted by therapies against inflammatory diseases. However, blocking this well studied and pleiotropic ligand can cause dramatic side-effects. Here, we reason that a systems-level proteomic analysis of TNF signaling could dissect its diverse functions and offer a base for developing more targeted therapies. Therefore, we combine phosphoproteomics time course experiments with subcellular localization and kinase inhibitor analysis to identify functional modules of protein phosphorylation. The majority of regulated phosphorylation events can be assigned to an upstream kinase by inhibiting master kinases. Spatial proteomics reveals phosphorylation-dependent translocations of hundreds of proteins upon TNF stimulation. Phosphoproteome analysis of TNF-induced apoptosis and necroptosis uncovers a key role for transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase activity to promote cytokine production and prevent excessive cell death downstream of the TNF signaling receptor. This resource of TNF-induced pathways and sites can be explored at http://tnfviewer.biochem.mpg.de/.
Context value updating and multidimensional neuronal encoding in the retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Sun Weilun , Choi Ilseob , Stoyanov Stoyan , Senkov Oleg , Ponimaskin Evgeni , Winter York , Pakan Janelle M. P. , Dityatev Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe retrosplenial cortex (RSC) has diverse functional inputs and is engaged by various sensory, spatial, and associative learning tasks. We examine how multiple functional aspects are integrated on the single-cell level in the RSC and how the encoding of task-related parameters changes across learning. Using a visuospatial context discrimination paradigm and two-photon calcium imaging in behaving mice, a large proportion of dysgranular RSC neurons was found to encode multiple task-related dimensions while forming context-value associations across learning. During reversal learning requiring increased cognitive flexibility, we revealed an increased proportion of multidimensional encoding neurons that showed higher decoding accuracy for behaviorally relevant context-value associations. Chemogenetic inactivation of RSC led to decreased behavioral context discrimination during learning phases in which context-value associations were formed, while recall of previously formed associations remained intact. RSC inactivation resulted in a persistent positive behavioral bias in valuing contexts, indicating a role for the RSC in context-value updating.
A Ta-TaS2 monolith catalyst with robust and metallic interface for superior hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yu Qiangmin , Zhang Zhiyuan , Qiu Siyao , Luo Yuting , Liu Zhibo , Yang Fengning , Liu Heming , Ge Shiyu , Zou Xiaolong , Ding Baofu , Ren Wencai , Cheng Hui-Ming , Sun Chenghua , Liu Bilu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of highly-active and robust catalysts is crucial for producing green hydrogen by water electrolysis as we strive to achieve global carbon neutrality. Noble metals like platinum are currently used catalysts in industry for the hydrogen evolution, but suffer from scarcity, high price and unsatisfied performance and stability at large current density, restrict their large-scale implementations. Here we report the synthesis of a type of monolith catalyst consisting of a metal disulfide (e.g., tantalum sulfides) vertically bonded to a conductive substrate of the same metal tantalum by strong covalent bonds. These features give the monolith catalyst a mechanically-robust and electrically near-zero-resistance interface, leading to an excellent hydrogen evolution performance including rapid charge transfer and excellent durability, together with a low overpotential of 398 mV to achieve a current density of 2,000 mA cm−2 as required by industry. The monolith catalyst has a negligible performance decay after 200 h operation at large current densities. In light of its robust and metallic interface and the various choices of metals giving the same structure, such monolith materials would have broad uses besides catalysis.
Augmented CO2 tolerance by expressing a single H+-pump enables microalgal valorization of industrial flue gas
Authors: Choi Hong Il , Hwang Sung-Won , Kim Jongrae , Park Byeonghyeok , Jin EonSeon , Choi In-Geol , Sim Sang Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroalgae can accumulate various carbon-neutral products, but their real-world applications are hindered by their CO2 susceptibility. Herein, the transcriptomic changes in a model microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in a high-CO2 milieu (20%) are evaluated. The primary toxicity mechanism consists of aberrantly low expression of plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) accompanied by intracellular acidification. Our results demonstrate that the expression of a universally expressible PMA in wild-type strains makes them capable of not only thriving in acidity levels that they usually cannot survive but also exhibiting 3.2-fold increased photoautotrophic production against high CO2 via maintenance of a higher cytoplasmic pH. A proof-of-concept experiment involving cultivation with toxic flue gas (13 vol% CO2, 20 ppm NOX, and 32 ppm SOX) shows that the production of CO2-based bioproducts by the strain is doubled compared with that by the wild-type, implying that this strategy potentially enables the microalgal valorization of CO2 in industrial exhaust.
Self-reactivity controls functional diversity of naive CD8+ T cells by co-opting tonic type I interferon
Authors: Ju Young-Jun , Lee Sung-Woo , Kye Yoon-Chul , Lee Gil-Woo , Kim Hee-Ok , Yun Cheol-Heui , Cho Jae-Ho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe strength of the T cell receptor interaction with self-ligands affects antigen-specific immune responses. However, the precise function and underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that naive CD8+T cells with relatively high self-reactivity are phenotypically heterogeneous owing to varied responses to type I interferon, resulting in three distinct subsets, CD5loLy6C–, CD5hiLy6C–, and CD5hiLy6C+cells. CD5hiLy6C+cells differ from CD5loLy6C–and CD5hiLy6C–cells in terms of gene expression profiles and functional properties. Moreover, CD5hiLy6C+cells demonstrate more extensive antigen-specific expansion upon viral infection, with enhanced differentiation into terminal effector cells and reduced memory cell generation. Such features of CD5hiLy6C+cells are imprinted in a steady-state and type I interferon dependence is observed even for monoclonal CD8+T cell populations. These findings demonstrate that self-reactivity controls the functional diversity of naive CD8+T cells by co-opting tonic type I interferon signaling.
Rapid methicillin resistance diversification in Staphylococcus epidermidis colonizing human neonates
Authors: Datta Manoshi S. , Yelin Idan , Hochwald Ori , Kassis Imad , Borenstein-Levin Liron , Kugelman Amir , Kishony Roy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarly in life, infants are colonized with multiple bacterial strains whose differences in gene content can have important health consequences. Metagenomics-based approaches have revealed gene content differences between different strains co-colonizing newborns, but less is known about the rate, mechanism, and phenotypic consequences of gene content diversification within strains. Here, focusing on Staphylococcus epidermidis, we whole-genome sequence and phenotype more than 600 isolates from newborns. Within days of birth, infants are co-colonized with a highly personalized repertoire of S. epidermidis strains, which are spread across the newborn body. Comparing the genomes of multiple isolates of each strain, we find very little evidence of adaptive evolution via single-nucleotide polymorphisms. By contrast, we observe gene content differences even between otherwise genetically identical cells, including variation of the clinically important methicillin resistance gene, mecA, suggesting rapid gene gain and loss events at rates higher than point mutations. Mapping the genomic architecture of structural variants by long-read Nanopore sequencing, we find that deleted regions were always flanked by direct repeats, consistent with site-specific recombination. However, we find that even within a single genetic background, recombination occurs at multiple, often non-canonical repeats, leading to the rapid evolution of patient-specific diverse structural variants in the SCCmec island and to differences in antibiotic resistance.
Extracellular calcium alters calcium-sensing receptor network integrating intracellular calcium-signaling and related key pathway
Authors: Gorkhali Rakshya , Tian Li , Dong Bin , Bagchi Pritha , Deng Xiaonan , Pawar Shrikant , Duong Duc , Fang Ning , Seyfried Nicholas , Yang Jenny 
Published: October 2021

AbstractG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a target for over 34% of current drugs. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a family C GPCR, regulates systemic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis that is critical for many physiological, calciotropical, and noncalciotropical outcomes in multiple organs. However, the mechanisms by which extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ex) and the CaSR mediate networks of intracellular Ca2+-signaling and players involved throughout the life cycle of CaSR are largely unknown. Here we report the first CaSR protein–protein interactome with 94 novel putative and 8 previously published interactors using proteomics. Ca2+ex promotes enrichment of 66% of the identified CaSR interactors, pertaining to Ca2+ dynamics, endocytosis, degradation, trafficking, and primarily to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These enhanced ER-related processes are governed by Ca2+ex-activated CaSR which directly modulates ER-Ca2+ (Ca2+ER), as monitored by a novel ER targeted Ca2+-sensor. Moreover, we validated the Ca2+ex dependent colocalizations and interactions of CaSR with ER-protein processing chaperone, 78-kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78), and with trafficking-related protein. Live cell imaging results indicated that CaSR and vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated A (VAPA) are inter-dependent during Ca2+ex induced enhancement of near-cell membrane expression. This study significantly extends the repertoire of the CaSR interactome and reveals likely novel players and pathways of CaSR participating in Ca2+ER dynamics, agonist mediated ER-protein processing and surface expression.
Relationship of sagittal spinal alignment with low back pain and physical performance in the general population
Authors: Hira Kazuhiro , Nagata Keiji , Hashizume Hiroshi , Asai Yoshiki , Oka Hiroyuki , Tsutsui Shunji , Takami Masanari , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Muraki Shigeyuki , Akune Toru , Iidaka Toshiko , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Kozo , Yoshida Munehito , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshimura Noriko , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudies have suggested a relationship between sagittal spinal malalignment and low back pain (LBP). The current study investigated the relationship of spinal alignment with LBP and physical performance in 1491 individuals who attended the second follow-up visit of the Wakayama Spine Study. The sagittal vertical axis at C7 (C7 SVA) was measured by a spine surgeon. The occurrence of LBP within one month, pain intensity, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and physical performance (grip strength, 6-m walking time, chair stand test, one-leg standing test) were also evaluated. LBP in the previous month was determined using ODI, and indicators of physical performance were measured. The mean C7 SVA was 11.0 ± 42.7 mm and was significantly greater in older participants (p < 0.001). LBP was more prevalent in participants with a greater C7 SVA (< 40 mm, 35.7%; 40–95 mm, 47.3%; ≥ 95 mm, 59.4%; p < 0.001) and those with a higher ODI score (10.0%, 17.5%, and 29.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). Physical performance significantly decreased in participants with a greater C7 SVA (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that LBP and physical performance were significantly associated with C7 SVA (p < 0.001). Thus, sagittal spinal malalignment may lead to LBP and decreased physical performance.
Synthesis and release behavior of layered double hydroxides–carbamazepine composites
Authors: Peralta Ma. F. , Mendieta S. N. , Scolari I. R. , Granero G. E. , Crivello M. E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbamazepine (CBZ) was incorporated into layered double hydroxides (LDH) to be used as a controlled drug system in solid tumors. CBZ has a formal charge of zero, so its incorporation in the anionic clay implies a challenge. Aiming to overcome this problem, CBZ was loaded into LDH with sodium cholate (SC), a surfactant with negative charge and, for comparison, without SC by the reconstruction method. Surprisingly, it was found that both resultant nanocomposites had similar CBZ encapsulation efficiency, around 75%, and the LDH-CBZ system without SC showed a better performance in relation to the release kinetics of CBZ in simulated body fluid (pH 7.4) and acetate buffer simulating the cellular cytoplasm (pH 4.8) than the system with SC. The CBZ dimensions were measured with Chem3D and, according to the basal spacing obtained from X-ray patterns, it can be arranged in the LDH-CBZ system as a monolayer with the long axis parallel to the LDH layers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid state NMR measurements confirmed the presence of the drug, and thermogravimetric analyses showed an enhanced thermal stability for CBZ. These results have interesting implications since they increase the spectrum of LDH application as a controlled drug system to a large number of nonionic drugs, without the addition of other components.
Analysis of remaining motion using one innovative upper airway opening cervical collar and two traditional cervical collars
Authors: Jung Matthias K. , von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt Gregor V. R. , Keil Holger , Grützner Paul A. , Schneider Niko R. E. , Kreinest Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the remaining motion of an immobilized cervical spine using an innovative cervical collar as well as two traditional cervical collars. The study was performed on eight fresh human cadavers. The cervical spine was immobilized with one innovative (Lubo Airway Collar) and two traditional cervical collars (Stifneck and Perfit ACE). The flexion and lateral bending of the cervical spine were measured using a wireless motion tracker (Xsens). With the Weinman Lubo Airway Collar attached, the mean remaining flexion was 20.0 ± 9.0°. The mean remaining flexion was lowest with the Laerdal Stifneck (13.1 ± 6.6°) or Ambu Perfit ACE (10.8 ± 5.8°) applied. Compared to that of the innovative Weinmann Lubo Airway Collar, the remaining cervical spine flexion was significantly decreased with the Ambu Perfit ACE. There was no significant difference in lateral bending between the three examined collars. The most effective immobilization of the cervical spine was achieved when traditional cervical collars were implemented. However, all tested cervical collars showed remaining motion of the cervical spine. Thus, alternative immobilization techniques should be considered.
Innate immune responses at the asymptomatic stage of influenza A viral infections of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonized and non-colonized mice
Authors: Cuypers Fabian , Schäfer Alexander , Skorka Sebastian B. , Surabhi Surabhi , Tölken Lea A. , Paulikat Antje D. , Kohler Thomas P. , Otto Saskia A. , Mettenleiter Thomas C. , Hammerschmidt Sven , Blohm Ulrike , Siemens Nikolai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeasonal Influenza A virus (IAV) infections can promote dissemination of upper respiratory tract commensals such asStreptococcus pneumoniaeto the lower respiratory tract resulting in severe life-threatening pneumonia. Here, we aimed to compare innate immune responses in the lungs of healthy colonized and non-colonized mice after IAV challenge at the initial asymptomatic stage of infection. Responses during a severe bacterial pneumonia were profiled for comparison. Cytokine and innate immune cell imprints of the lungs were analyzed. Irrespective of the colonization status, mild H1N1 IAV infection was characterized by a bi-phasic disease progression resulting in full recovery of the animals. Already at the asymptomatic stage of viral infection, the pro-inflammatory cytokine response was as high as in pneumococcal pneumonia. Flow cytometry analyses revealed an early influx of inflammatory monocytes into the lungs. Neutrophil influx was mostly limited to bacterial infections. The majority of cells, except monocytes, displayed an activated phenotype characterized by elevated CCR2 and MHCII expression. In conclusion, we show that IAV challenge of colonized healthy mice does not automatically result in severe co-infection. However, a general local inflammatory response was noted at the asymptomatic stage of infection irrespective of the infection type.
Building HMM and molecular docking analysis for the sensitive detection of anti-viral pneumonia antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)
Authors: Bakare Olalekan Olanrewaju , Keyster Marshall , Pretorius Ashley 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPneumonia is the main reason for mortality among children under five years, causing 1.6 million deaths every year; late research has exhibited that mortality is increasing in the elderly. A few biomarkers used for its diagnosis need specificity and precision, as they are related to different infections, for example, pulmonary tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus. There is a quest for new biomarkers worldwide to diagnose the disease to defeat these previously mentioned constraints. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising indicative specialists against infection. This research work used AMPs as biomarkers to detect viral pneumonia pathogens, for example, Respiratory syncytial virus, Influenza A and B viruses utilizing in silico technologies, such as Hidden Markov Model (HMMER). HMMER was used to distinguish putative anti-viral pneumonia AMPs against the recognized receptor proteins of Respiratory syncytial virus, Influenza A, and B viruses. The physicochemical parameters of these putative AMPs were analyzed, and their 3-D structures were determined utilizing I-TASSER. Molecular docking interaction of these AMPs against the recognized viral pneumonia proteins was carried out using the PATCHDOCK and HDock servers. The results demonstrated 27 anti-viral AMPs ranked based on their E values with significant physicochemical parameters in similarity with known experimentally approved AMPs. The AMPs additionally had a high anticipated binding potential to the pneumonia receptors of these microorganisms sensitively. The tendency of the putative anti-viral AMPs to bind pneumonia proteins showed that they would be promising applicant biomarkers to identify these viral microorganisms in the point-of-care (POC) pneumonia diagnostics. The high precision observed for the AMPs legitimizes HMM’s utilization in the disease diagnostics’ discovery process.
Aberrantly higher functional connectivity in the salience network is associated with transient global amnesia
Authors: Kim Geon Ha , Kim Bori R. , Chun Min Young , Park Kee Duk , Lim Soo Mee , Jeong Jee Hyang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTriple intrinsic brain networks including the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and central executive network (CEN), are known to be important in human cognition. Therefore, investigating those intrinsic brain networks in transient global amnesia (TGA) may offer novel insight useful for the pathophysiology of TGA. Fifty TGA patients underwent the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) within 24 h, at 72 h, and 3 months after TGA onset. Twenty-five age, gender matched controls also underwent rsfMRI. Within 24 h of TGA onset, TGA patients showed greater functional connectivity in the SN and lower functional connectivity in the DMN, while relatively preserved functional connectivity was observed in the CEN. Interestingly, TGA patients continued to show decreased connectivity in the DMN, while no alterations were shown in the SN 72 h after illness onset. Three months after TGA onset, alterations of functional connectivity in the SN or the DMN were normalized. Our findings suggest that TGA is associated with transient greater functional connectivity in the SN and lower connectivity in the DMN.