bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Weaving Screw Technique Combined With Minimally Invasive Treatment of Calcaneal Fracture
Authors: Zhang Yong , Weng Qiuyan , Chen Jianming , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The conventional surgical method for calcaneal fractures is the extensile lateral approach to reduce and fix fractures using plates and screws, Unfortunately, this method has been associated with high rates of wound and steel plate complications. Similarly, it is still difficult for minimally invasive surgical methods to achieve effective reduction and internal fixation. Therefore, this article proposes a new method of lateral minimally invasive incision combined with percutaneous, screw-only fixation and the screws are individually knitted according to the type of fracture.Methods: Between October 2015 and October 2019, 31 patients who underwent the spatial weaving screw technique combined with minimally invasive were recruited. Any operative complication was recorded. The clinical results were evaluated based on pre-operative X-rays (axial and lateral calcaneus), CT and three-dimensional reconstruction, AOFAS, VAS during follow-up.Results: Bone healing was achieved in all patients, with an average healing time of 7.3±4.2ml weeks. No serious complications occurred after operation, no case of reduction failure or screw displacement were found. The evaluation of the posterior subtalar and calcaneocuboid articular surface respectively showed 80.6% and 90.3% cases got excellent and good reduction. The average AOFAS score was 89.5 at the end of 1 year after the operation, the mean VAS in our series was 2.4 at the last follow-up. Conclusion: Combined with minimally invasive screw spatial weaving technique, displaced Sanders type II and III can be successfully treated displaced Sanders type II and III fractures. The method allows for adequate reduction and effective fixation by screws. It also clearly avoids the major wound complication problems, improve the accuracy of reduction and implantation, simplify surgical procedure.
Strategic study of Total Innovation Management and its Relationship with Marketing Capabilities in Palm Conversion and Complementary Industries
Authors: Baniasadi Neda , Samari Davood , Hosseini Seyyed Jamal Farajollah , Najafabadi Maryam Omidi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Given the role and importance of processing and complementary industries in preventing waste from agricultural products, the establishment of such industries can be considered as one of the most appropriate solutions for agricultural development. For this purpose, the data were collected for data processing and complementary industries in the fields of packing, pricing, customer orientation, in south of Iran. Method: According to the goals and assumptions, descriptive-analytical research and its survey method is a survey. According to the Cochran formula, 155 people are involved in marketing, packaging and processing of palm in Kerman province. To answer the research questions. SPSS software and AMOS software were used to analyze the results. Findings "Local culture in packingUsing communication tools in marketing impact of customer-orientation approach are Top Priorities in "marketing Date" The "packaging" factor is the most important factor in the marketing development of date conversion and complementary industries.
Data Analysis With Shapley Values For Automatic Subject Selection in Alzheimer's Disease Data Sets Using Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Bloch Louise , Friedrich Christoph M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The prediction of whether Mild Cognitive Impaired (MCI) subjects will prospectively develop Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is important for the recruitment and monitoring of subjects for therapy studies. Machine Learning (ML) is suitable to improve early AD prediction. The etiology of AD is heterogeneous, which leads to noisy data sets. Additional noise is introduced by multicentric study designs and varying acquisition protocols. This article examines whether an automatic and fair data valuation method based on Shapley values can identify subjects with noisy data. Methods: An ML-workow was developed and trained for a subset of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. The validation was executed for an independent ADNI test data set and for the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) cohort. The workow included volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) feature extraction, subject sample selection using data Shapley, Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for model training and Kernel SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values for model interpretation. This model interpretation enables clinically relevant explanation of individual predictions. Results: The XGBoost models which excluded 116 of the 467 subjects from the training data set based on their Logistic Regression (LR) data Shapley values outperformed the models which were trained on the entire training data set and which reached a mean classification accuracy of 58.54 % by 14.13 % (8.27 percentage points) on the independent ADNI test data set. The XGBoost models, which were trained on the entire training data set reached a mean accuracy of 60.35 % for the AIBL data set. An improvement of 24.86 % (15.00 percentage points) could be reached for the XGBoost models if those 72 subjects with the smallest RF data Shapley values were excluded from the training data set. Conclusion: The data Shapley method was able to improve the classification accuracies for the test data sets. Noisy data was associated with the number of ApoEϵ4 alleles and volumetric MRI measurements. Kernel SHAP showed that the black-box models learned biologically plausible associations.
Adolescent and Young Adult Stress and Coping During COVID-19: The Utility of a Pediatric Emergency Department Screener
Authors: Nager Alan L , Yau Ji-Ting Janet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 altered lives, especially adolescents and young adults who lost their emotional and social support systems and may be suffering. Objective: In response to the Coronavirus pandemic, a questionnaire was created and administered to Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) patients in order to identify psychosocial stress and coping abilities. Methods: A 12-question (yes/no) Quality Improvement (QI) paper-based questionnaire was administered by PED providers to assess psychosocial stress and coping among patients 12 years and greater who presented to the PED at a tertiary Children’s Hospital, March - September 2020. Questions were asked/recorded to determine rates of distress and provide social work intervention, if needed. Analysis-Chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Among 1261 PED patients who participated in the study, the mean age was 15.4 years (SD=2.4), (58% female, 41.5% male, 0.6% missing data). We identified 611 patients (48.5%) who admitted to feeling scared about contracting the disease, 876 patients (69.5%) who were concerned about the health of their families, and 229 patients (18.2%) who screened positive for food insecurity. In addition, 596 patients (47.3%) felt anxiety, 333 patients (26.4%) felt depressed and 13 patients (1%) admitted to having suicidal ideation because of COVID-19. The majority of patients, 1165 (92.4%), felt supported during the pandemic. Social work was consulted for 235 (18.6%) of patients participating. Conclusions: While patients typically present to PEDs for a somatic complaint, screening their psychosocial and emotional states may reveal underlying mental health concerns that require intervention and at times, assistance from social workers.
Knowledge and Perceptions of People Living With HIV Regarding The HIV Services That Are Offered By The Community Health Workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Khumalo Gugulethu Eve , Segobe Bontle , Lutge Elizabeth , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) is the province with the highest HIV prevalence in South Africa (SA). Community Health Workers (CHWs) are key to delivery of HIV services at community level. Evidence on knowledge and perceptions of people living with HIV (PLWH) regarding the HIV services that are offered by the CHWs is limited. Therefore, this study seeks to determine knowledge and perceptions of PLWH regarding the HIV services that are offered by the CHWs in KZN.Methods: The study design was a quantitative survey using an administrator-administered questionnaire. A total of 303 PLWH from 3 selected KZN clinics were interviewed to determine their knowledge and perceptions of HIV services offered by the CHWs. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 was used to describe the population and testing for associations between variables. The significant level was set at a p value ≤ 0.05 and at 95% confidence internal.Results: Among the 303 PLWH surveyed, 24 (8%), knew about the HIV services offered by the CHWs and of the 89 (29%) participants that were visited by CHWs, 73 (82%) had a positive perception about these services. Participants who were visited by a CHW were more likely (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 0.57-4.35) to know about the HIV services. Knowledge of HIV services was significantly associated with the positive perception of the HIV services (p<0.05). Knowledge and perception of the HIV services was not associated with age, gender, level of education or duration of visiting the clinic.Conclusion: The majority of PLWH in KZN have poor knowledge of HIV services offered by the CHWs and most of them have never been visited by a CHW in their homes. Those that were visited by CHWs were more likely to have positive perceptions regarding their HIV services. The findings of the study should trigger the scaling up of HIV community targeted initiatives that are delivered by CHWs in order to curb the HIV epidemic in the province.
The Effect of Annealing Temperature On The Structural and Optical Properties of Si/SiO2 Composites Synthesized By Thermal Oxidation of Silicon Wafers
Authors: Kayed Kamal , Kurd Dalal Baba 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, silicon wafers were thermal treated in air at temperatures from 800 to 1200 °C. The annealed samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR and optical reflection spectroscopy. Unique result obtained includes that, that Kubelk-Munk curves could be utilized to estimate the ratio of oxidized silicon atoms. In addition, we found that these curves could provide information on the degree to which the nanoparticle formation affects both the reflection spectra and the energy gap of the Si/SiO2 composites. On the other hand, it has been found that, the intensity of the silicon peak in XRD spectra is proportional to the relative absorption coefficient of amorphous silicon oxide.
Functional and structural brain connectivity in congenital deafness
Authors: Ducas Karolyne Dell , Filho Antonio C. S. Senra , Silva Pedro H. R. , Secchinato Kaio F. , Leoni Renata F. , Santos Antonio C. dos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Several studies have been carried out to verify neural plasticity and the language process in deaf individuals. However, further investigations regarding the intrinsic brain organization on functional and structural neural networks derived from congenital deafness is still an open question. The objective of this study was to investigate the main differences in brain organization manifested in deaf individuals, concerning the resting-state functional patterns, and white matter structuring. Functional and diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging modalities were acquired from 18 congenitally deaf individuals and 18 age-sex-matched hearing controls. Compared to the hearing group, the deaf individuals presented higher functional connectivity (FC) among the posterior cingulate cortex node of the default mode network (DMN) with visual and motor networks, lower FC between salience networks, language networks, and prominence of functional connectivity changes in the right hemisphere, mostly in the frontoparietal and temporal lobes. In terms of structural connectivity (SC), we found changes mainly in the occipital and parietal lobes, involving both classical sign language support regions as well as concentrated networks for focus activity, attention, and cognitive filtering. Our findings elucidate the general brain network modifications, contributing to a better understanding of brain plasticity driven by deafness.
Analyzing China’s Provincial Environmental Emissions and Its Influencing Factors: A Spatial Analysis
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhou Dequn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In-depth analyses of the spatial heterogeneity in environmental emissions, and the causes of differences are of great importance for contributing to provide reference for reduction policies. However, a spatial analysis of the existence and mechanism of China’s environmental emissions is still ignored. Using the province-level data of thirty provinces in China over 2005-2017, this paper constructs a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to empirically address the existence and spatial transmission mechanism of environmental emissions. The main results are as follows: first, China’s environmental emissions show significant characteristics of spatial dependence and clustering from global and local perspectives, indicating that the existence of spatial autocorrelation in environmental emissions across regions. Second, both per capita GDP and urbanization have positive impacts on environmental emissions, but the impacts of environmental regulation and FDI are insignificant. Third, urbanization not only directly influences environmental emissions, but also indirectly influences environmental emissions. Our analysis provides valuable information for developing policies to effectively alleviate pollution.
Two Decades of One Health Surveillance of Nipah Virus in Thailand
Authors: Wacharapluesadee Supaporn , Ghai Siriporn , Duengkae Prateep , Manee-Orn Pattarapol , Thanapongtharm Weerapong , Saraya Abhinbhen W. , Yingsakmongkon Sangchai , Joyjinda Yutthana , Suradhat Sanipa , Ampoot Weenassarin , Nuansrichay Bandit , Kaewpom Thongchai , Tantilertcharoen Rachod , Rodpan Apaporn , Wongsathapornchai Kachen , Ponpinit Teerada , Buathong Rome , Bunprakob Saowalak , Damrongwatanapokin Sudarat , Ruchiseesarod Chanida , Petcharat Sininat , Kalpravidh Wantanee , Olival Kevin J. , Stokes Martha M. , Hemachudha Thiravat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:
Nipah virus (NiV) infection causes encephalitis and has > 75% mortality rate, making it a WHO priority pathogen due to its pandemic potential. There have been NiV outbreak(s) in Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, and southern Philippines. NiV naturally circulates among fruit bats of the genus Pteropus and has been detected widely across Southeast and South Asia. Both Malaysian and Bangladeshi NiV strains have been found in fruit bats in Thailand. This study summarizes 20 years of pre-emptive One Health surveillance of NiV in Thailand, including triangulated surveillance of bats, and humans and pigs in the vicinity of roosts inhabited by NiV-infected bats.
Methods:
Samples were collected periodically and tested for NiV from bats, pigs and healthy human volunteers from Wat Luang village, Chonburi province, home to the biggest P. lylei roosts in Thailand, and other provinces since 2001. Archived cerebrospinal fluid specimens from encephalitis patients between 2001–2012 were also tested for NiV. NiV RNA was detected using nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NiV antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or multiplex microsphere immunoassay.
Results:
NiV RNA (mainly Bangladesh strain) was detected every year in fruit bats by RT-PCR from 2002 to 2020. The whole genome sequence of NiV directly sequenced from bat urine in 2017 shared 99.17% identity to NiV from a Bangladeshi patient in 2004. No NiV-specific IgG antibodies or RNA have been found in healthy volunteers, encephalitis patients, or pigs to date. During the sample collection trips, 100 community members were trained on how to live safely with bats.
Conclusions:
High identity shared between the NiV genome from Thai bats and the Bangladeshi patient highlights the outbreak potential of NiV in Thailand. Results from NiV cross-sectoral surveillance were conveyed to national authorities and villagers which led to preventive control measures, increased surveillance of pigs and humans in vicinity of known NiV-infected roosts, and increased vigilance and reduced risk behaviors at the community level. This proactive One Health approach to NiV surveillance is a success story; that increased collaboration between the human, animal, and wildlife sectors is imperative to staying ahead of a zoonotic disease outbreak.
Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures; Correlation between Post Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Guercio Giuseppe Del , Galati Manuela , Saboori Abdollah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing processes are considered advanced manufacturing methods. It would be possible to produce complex shape components from a Computer-Aided Design model in a layer-by-layer manner. Lattice structures as one of the complex geometries could attract lots of attention for both medical and industrial applications. In these structures, besides cell size and cell type, the microstructure of lattice structures can play a key role in these structures' mechanical performance. On the other hand, heat treatment has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, in this work, the effect of the heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures manufactured by EBM was analyzed. The main mechanical properties were compared with the Ashby and Gibson model. It is very interesting to notice that a more homogeneous failure mode was found for the heat-treated samples. The structures' relative density was the main factor influencing their mechanical performance of the heat-treated samples. It is also found that the heat treatments were able to preserve the stiffness and the compressive strength of the lattice structures. Besides, an increment of both the elongation at failure and the absorbed energy was obtained after the heat treatments. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated samples confirms the increment of ductility of the heat-treated samples with respect to the as-built one.
Effects of 0.5°C Less Global Warming On Climate Extremes in The Contiguous United States
Authors: Chen Liang , Ford Trent 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests limiting global warming to 1.5°C compared to 2°C would avoid dangerous impacts of anthropogenic climate change and ensure a more sustainable society. As the vulnerability to global warming is regionally dependent, this study assesses the effects of 0.5°C less global warming on climate extremes in the United States. Eight climate extreme indices are calculated based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project - phase 5 (CMIP5), and North American - Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments (NA-CORDEX) with and without bias correction. We evaluate the projected changes in temperature and precipitation extremes, and examine their differences between the 1.5°C and 2°C warming targets. Under a warming climate, both CMIP5 and NA-CORDEX show intensified heat extremes and reduced cold extremes across the country, intensified and more heavy precipitation in large areas of the North, prolonged dry spells in some regions of the West, South, and Midwest, and more frequent drought events in the West. Results suggest that the 0.5 °C less global warming would avoid the intensification of climate extremes by 32~46% (35~42%) for heat extremes intensity (frequency) across the country and, by 23~41% for heavy precipitation intensity in the North, South, and Southeast. The changes in annual heavy precipitation intensity are mainly contributed by winter and spring. However, impacts of the limited warming on the frequency of heavy precipitation, dry spell, and drought frequency are only evident in a few regions. Although uncertainties are found among the climate models and emission scenarios, our results highlight the benefits of limiting warming at 1.5°C in order to reduce the risks of climate extremes associated with global warming.
Is There a Relationship Between Psoriasis and Hepatitis C?: a Meta-analysis and Bioinformatics Investigation
Authors: Liu Yong , Cui Sheng Nan , Duan Meng Yao , Dou Zhi Li , Li Yi Zhen , Liu Yi Xing , Xia Ye , Zhang Jia Wei , Yan Xiao Ning , Han Dong Ran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The relationship between psoriasis and hepatitis C was previously controversial, so our purpose is to investigate this connection.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the case-control, cross-sectional and cohort studies examining the association between psoriasis and hepatitis C in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases and investigated the overlapping genes between psoriasis targets and hepatitis C targets using bioinformatics analysis. Based on overlapping genes and hub nodes, we also constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module respectively, followed by the pathway enrichment analysis. Results: We included 11 publications that reported a total of 11 studies (8 cross-sectional and 3 case-control). The case–control and cross-sectional studies included 25,047 psoriasis patients and 4,091,631 controls in total. Psoriasis was associated with a significant increase of prevalent hepatitis C (OR 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.17-2.52)). A total of 389 significant genes were common to both hepatitis C and psoriasis, which mainly involved IL6, TNF, IL10, ALB, STAT3 and CXCL8. The module and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the common genes had the potential to influence varieties of biological pathways, including the inflammatory response, cytokine activity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C and psoriasis.Conclusion: Patients with psoriasis display increased prevalence of hepatitis C and the basic related mechanisms between hepatitis C and psoriasis had been preliminarily clarified.
Construction of a Nomogram to Predict Overall Survival for Patients With Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Analysis of the SEER Database
Authors: Han Dong , Gao Fei , Li Nan , Wang Hao , Fu Qi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (L-LCNEC) has a poor prognosis with lower survival rate than other NSCLC patients. The estimation of an individual survival rate is puzzling. The main purpose of this study was to establish a more accurate model to predict the prognosis of L-LCNEC. Methods: Patients aged 18 years or older with L-LCNEC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2015. Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with survival time. The results were used to construct a nomogram to predict 1-year, and 3-year survival probability in L-LCNEC patients. Overall survival (OS) were compared between low risk group and high risk group by the Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: A total of 3216 patients were included in the study. We randomly divided all included patients into 7:3 training and validating groups. In multivariable analysis of training cohort, age at diagnosis, sex, stage of tumor, surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS. All these factors were incorporated to construct a nomogram, which was tested in the validating cohort.Conclusions: we constructed a visual nomogram prognosis model, which had the potential to predict the 1-year and 3-year survival rate of L-LCNEC patients, and could be used as an assistant prediction tool in clinical practice.