bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Lawendy Bishoy , Srinathan Sujitha , Kotha Sreelakshmi , Gomes Charlene , Misra Shruti , Yu Jeffrey , Orchanian‐Cheff Ani , Tomlinson George , Bhat Mamatha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPost‐transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) compromises long‐term survival in liver transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of this study was to determine incidence of PTDM after LT and risk factors associated with it. A literature search was conducted, and prospective studies that reported on the incidence of PTDM in LT adult patients on tacrolimus, sirolimus, or cyclosporine were included. We performed random effects meta‐analyses for the incidence of PTDM stratified by immunosuppressant and time period. Of 9817 articles identified, 26 studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 21 studies were eligible for the quantitative analysis representing 79 559 LT recipients in 32 separate treatment arms. The proportion of patients who developed PTDM by two‐three years was 0.15 (95% CI: 0.10–0.24) for cyclosporine, 0.23 (95% CI: 0.14–0.36) for tacrolimus, and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.23–0.30) for sirolimus.ConclusionOur results showed that sirolimus‐based immunosuppression was associated with a higher incidence of PTDM than tacrolimus or cyclosporine at two‐three years. However, there were only two studies that compared all three drugs which is a limitation of the study and requires more studies with patients on sirolimus. Recipient factors increasing the risk of PTDM are older age, male sex, and high BMI.
When is it safe to perform abdominal transplantation in patients with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case series
Authors: Natori Yoichiro , Anjan Shweta , Martin Eric F. , Selvagi Gennaro , Villavicencio Aasith , Coro Ana , Mendez‐Castaner Lumen A. , Mattiazzi Adela , Pagan Javier , Ortigosa‐Goggins Mariella , Roth David , Kupin Warren , O’Brien Christopher B. , Arosemena Leopoldo R. , Ciancio Gaetano , Burke George W. , Morsi Mahmoud , Figueiro Jose M. , Chen Linda , Tekin Akin , Miyashiro Rafael , Simkins Jacques , Abbo Lilian M. , Vianna Rodrigo M. , Guerra Giselle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19) pandemic has negatively impacted worldwide organ transplantation. However, there is limited information on recipients transplanted after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. A full understanding of this scenario is required, as transplantation is a life‐saving procedure and COVID‐19 remains an ongoing threat.MethodsAbdominal organ transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID‐19 prior to transplantation were identified by chart review and clinical data were collected. The primary outcome was the transplant outcome including graft loss, rejection and death, and reactivation of infection post‐transplant.ResultsWe identified 14 patients who received abdominal organ transplants after symptomatic PCR confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; four patients had a positive PCR at the time of admission for transplantation. The median time of follow‐up was 79 (22‐190) days. One recipient with negative PCR before transplant tested positive 9 days after transplant. One of 14 transplanted patients developed disseminated mold infection and died 86 days after transplant. During the follow‐up, only one patient developed rejection; thirteen patients had favorable graft outcomes.ConclusionsWe were able to perform abdominal transplantation for patients with COVID‐19 before transplant, even with positive PCR at the time of transplant. Larger studies are needed to determine the time to safe transplant after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
A call for transplant stewardship: The need for expanded evidence‐based evaluation of induction and biologic‐based cost‐saving strategies in kidney transplantation and beyond
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Descourouez Jillian L. , Brady Bethany L. , Chandran Mary M. , Do Vincent , Kim Miae , Laub Melissa R. , Lichvar Alicia , Park Jeong M. , Szczepanik Amanda , Alloway Rita R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRising expenditures threaten healthcare sustainability. While transplant programs are typically considered profitable, transplant medications are expensive and frequently targeted for cost savings. This review aims to summarize available literature supporting cost‐containment strategies used in solid organ transplant. Despite widespread use of these tactics, we found the available evidence to be fairly low quality. Strategies mainly focus on induction, particularly rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG), given its significant cost and the lack of consensus surrounding dosing. While there is higher‐quality evidence for high single‐dose rATG, and dose‐rounding protocols to reduce waste are likely low risk, more aggressive strategies, such as dosing rATG by CD3+ target‐attainment or on ideal‐body‐weight, have less robust support and did not always attain similar efficacy outcomes. Extrapolation of induction dosing strategies to rejection treatment is not supported by any currently available literature. Cost‐saving strategies for supportive therapies, such as IVIG and rituximab also have minimal literature support. Deferral of high‐cost agents to the outpatient arena is associated with minimal risk and increases reimbursement, although may increase complexity and cost‐burden for patients and infusion centers. The available evidence highlights the need for evaluation of unique patient‐specific clinical scenarios and optimization of therapies, rather than simple blanket application of cost‐saving initiatives in the transplant population.
Diagnostic utility of BAP1 for malignant pleural mesothelioma in pleural fluid specimens with atypical morphology
Authors: Louw Amber , Lee Y. C. Gary , Acott Nathan , Creaney Jenette , van Vliet Chris , Chai Siaw Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the utility of BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in fluid samples with atypical cytology.MethodsPleural fluid samples with an atypical mesothelial proliferation (diagnostic categories: ‘atypical’ and ‘suspicious’) received between January 2015 and March 2018 at a tertiary referral centre were identified. Results of routine IHC testing were recorded for each case. BAP1 by IHC was performed and a final diagnosis sought from subsequent pathology specimens, medical records, or consensus clinical diagnosis.ResultsOf 50 cases identified, 41 were reported as atypical and 9 as suspicious. Seven (14%) demonstrated loss of BAP1 staining, 40 retained BAP1 staining, 1 had heterogeneous staining, and 2 had insufficient cells for analysis. All seven cases with BAP1 loss were diagnosed with MPM on follow‐up. Of those with retained BAP1, 52.5% (21) were subsequently diagnosed with MPM, while 40% (16) had non‐MPM diagnoses after a median follow‐up of 24 months. Three cases were not further investigated based on patient and clinician decision. The case with heterogeneous staining was diagnosed as mesothelioma by clinical consensus.ConclusionsBAP1 IHC loss is highly specific for malignancy and has value as a rule‐in test. Even in a tertiary centre with clinical interest in the cytological diagnosis of MPM this investigation was able to increase diagnostic accuracy beyond routine IHC studies. Cytological criteria remain valuable, as retained BAP1 in an atypical or suspicious mesothelial proliferation cannot exclude malignancy.
Social work training to reduce duration of untreated psychosis: Methodology and considerations of a web‐based training for community providers
Authors: Andorko Nicole D. , Fitzgerald John , Roemer Caroline , Solender Eric , Petti Emily , Rakhshan Rouhakhtar Pamela , McNamara Karen E. , Smith Melissa E. , Buchanan Robert W. , Schiffman Jason , DeVylder Jordan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimOutcomes for individuals with psychotic disorders can be improved through early intervention services; however, identification continues to be a major problem in connecting individuals with these services. Social workers form a vast majority of the human service and mental health workforce in the United States and therefore have the potential to play a unique role in identifying and referring those who may benefit from specialty early intervention services.MethodsThe current article describes the methodological design, implementation, and participant recruitment procedures of a large‐scale, web‐based training program for social workers promoting identification and referral of individuals with emerging symptoms of a mental illness with psychosis in the context of a randomized clinical trial.ResultsThe web‐based study enrolled 1384 individuals. More than half of study participants enrolled within the first 3 months of the 14‐month recruitment period. Completion of all study components was achieved by 959 individuals (69% of total enrolled), and completion status did not vary significantly by gender, ethnicity, or facility at which the individual was employed. Completion rates varied by race, such that participants identifying as White were more likely to complete the study, while those identifying as Black were less likely.DiscussionThe results suggest the feasibility of using a web‐based training program to engage social workers in early psychosis identification practices. Challenges related to encouraging participants to complete the training and lessons learned during the study recruitment are discussed.
Persistent soil seed banks promote naturalisation and invasiveness in flowering plants
Authors: Gioria Margherita , Carta Angelino , Baskin Carol C. , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , van Kleunen Mark , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten , Pyšek Petr 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith globalisation facilitating the movement of plants and seeds beyond the native range, preventing potentially harmful introductions requires knowledge of what drives the successful establishment and spread of alien plants. Here, we examined global‐scale relationships between naturalisation success (incidence and extent) and invasiveness, soil seed bank properties (type and densities) and key species traits (seed mass, seed dormancy and life form) for 2350 species of angiosperms. Naturalisation and invasiveness were strongly associated with the ability to form persistent (vs. transient) seed banks but relatively weakly with seed bank densities and other traits. Our findings suggest that seed bank persistence is a trait that better captures the ability to become naturalised and invasive compared to seed traits more widely available in trait databases. Knowledge of seed persistence can contribute to our ability to predict global naturalisation and invasiveness and to identify potentially invasive flowering plants before they are introduced.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk markers in Parkinson’s disease: Results from a case−control study
Authors: Alves Mariana , Pita Lobo Patrícia , Kauppila Linda Azevedo , Rebordão Leonor , Cruz M. Manuela , Soares Fátima , Cruz João , Tornada Ana , Caldeira Daniel , Reimão Sofia , Oliveira Victor , Ferro José M. , Ferreira Joaquim J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is not yet well established. Recent data suggest an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in PD patients. Therefore, we designed a study to assess surrogate markers of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in PD.MethodsWe conducted a case−control study comparing PD patients recruited from a Movement Disorders Unit with controls randomly invited from a primary healthcare center. All participants underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, including medical history, physical assessment, carotid ultrasound, blood and urine analysis, and 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The primary outcome was the carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT).ResultsWe included 102 participants in each study arm. No significant difference was found in the CIMT among groups (MD: 0.01, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.04). Carotid plaques were more frequent in PD patients (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.55), although the lipid profile was more favorable in this group (LDL MD: −18.75; 95% CI: −10.69, −26.81). Nocturnal systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in PD patients (MD: 4.37, 95% CI: 0.27, 8.47) and more than half of the PD patients were non‐dippers or reverse dippers (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.20).ConclusionWe did not find a difference in CIMT between PD and controls. A higher frequency of carotid plaques and abnormal dipper profile supports the hypothesis that PD patients are not protected from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and brain aging amongst rural‐dwelling older adults: a population‐based magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Wang Mingqi , Li Yuanjing , Cong Lin , Hou Tingting , Luo Yishan , Shi Lin , Chang Liguo , Zhang Chuanchen , Wang Yongxiang , Wang Xiang , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeCurrent evidence supports the involvement of lipids in brain aging. A range of serum lipids is explored in association with brain structure and cognitive function amongst rural‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis population‐based cross‐sectional study included 184 rural‐dwelling adults (age ≥ 65 years, 39.1% women) in Shandong, China. In 2014–2016, data on demographics, lifestyle, health conditions and serum lipids were collected. Volumes of gray matter, white matter, ventricles, hippocampus and white matter hyperintensity were automatically estimated on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Global cognitive function was assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was defined according to Petersen's criteria. Data were analyzed using the general linear regression, logistic regression and mediation models.ResultsOf the 184 participants, 47 were defined with MCI. Low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C; <1.55 vs. ≥1.55 mmol/l) was significantly associated with reduced volumes of total white matter (multi‐adjusted β = −9.77, 95% confidence interval −19.48–0.06) and hippocampus (−0.23, −0.46–0.01), a lower MMSE score (−1.49, −2.67–0.31) and a higher likelihood of MCI (multi‐adjusted odds ratio 3.21, 95% confidence interval 1.42–7.29). The mediation effects of structural brain measures on the associations between a low level of HDL‐C and MMSE score or MCI were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study suggests that low HDL‐C may be involved in structural brain aging and cognitive dysfunction amongst rural‐dwelling older adults in China, but the association of low HDL‐C with cognitive aging phenotypes appears not to be mediated by brain structure.
A new microstructure‐based multiaxial fatigue life prediction model for A319 casting alloys
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Liu Xiaoshan , He Guoqiu , Ge Bin , Le Peiwen , Pan Jiaqi , Huang Ziao , Li Jingquan , Wang Qigui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a microstructure‐based multiaxial nonproportional fatigue life prediction model applied to A319 alloy. The materials made with different casting cooling rates and Sr modification are characterized and quantified in terms of secondary dendrite arm spacing, size, and aspect ratio of eutectic Si particles. Multiaxial nonproportional fatigue tests have been performed on six groups of A319 alloys to systematically analyze the effect of microstructure and loading path on the fatigue properties of Al–Si cast alloy. The first part of the paper is focused on microstructure quantitative characterization to determine the influence of different casting conditions, followed by stress response behavior and fatigue fracture analysis. Finally, a new multiaxial fatigue life prediction model for Al–Si alloy is proposed, for which 56% of the data points fall in the bound lines of factor of 2 and 83% of the data points fall in the bound lines of factor of 3.
Drought effects on invertebrate metapopulation dynamics and quasi‐extinction risk in an intermittent river network
Authors: Sarremejane Romain , Stubbington Rachel , England Judy , Sefton Catherine E. M. , Eastman Michael , Parry Simon , Ruhi Albert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEcological communities can remain stable in the face of disturbance if their constituent species have different resistance and resilience strategies. In turn, local stability scales up regionally if heterogeneous landscapes maintain spatial asynchrony across discrete populations—but not if large‐scale stressors synchronize environmental conditions and biological responses. Here, we hypothesized that droughts could drastically decrease the stability of invertebrate metapopulations both by filtering out poorly adapted species locally, and by synchronizing their dynamics across a river network. We tested this hypothesis via multivariate autoregressive state‐space (MARSS) models on spatially replicated, long‐term data describing aquatic invertebrate communities and hydrological conditions in a set of temperate, lowland streams subject to seasonal and supraseasonal drying events. This quantitative approach allowed us to assess the influence of local (flow magnitude) and network‐scale (hydrological connectivity) drivers on invertebrate long‐term trajectories, and to simulate near‐future responses to a range of drought scenarios. We found that fluctuations in species abundances were heterogeneous across communities and driven by a combination of hydrological and stochastic drivers. Among metapopulations, increasing extent of dry reaches reduced the abundance of functional groups with low resistance or resilience capacities (i.e. low ability to persist in situ or recolonize from elsewhere, respectively). Our simulations revealed that metapopulation quasi‐extinction risk for taxa vulnerable to drought increased exponentially as flowing habitats contracted within the river network, whereas the risk for taxa with resistance and resilience traits remained stable. Our results suggest that drought can be a synchronizing agent in riverscapes, potentially leading to regional quasi‐extinction of species with lower resistance and resilience abilities. Better recognition of drought‐driven synchronization may increase realism in species extinction forecasts as hydroclimatic extremes continue to intensify worldwide.
VCP relocalization limits mitochondrial activity, GSH depletion and ferroptosis during starvation in PC3 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ogor Promise , Yoshida Tomoki , Koike Masaaki , Kakizuka Akira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring periods of crisis, cells must compensate to survive. To this end, cells may need to alter the subcellular localization of crucial proteins. Here, we show that during starvation, VCP, the most abundant soluble ATPase, relocalizes and forms aggregate‐like structures at perinuclear regions in PC3 prostate cancer cells. This movement is associated with a lowered metabolic state, in which mitochondrial activity and ROS production are reduced. VCP appears to explicitly sense glutamine levels, as removal of glutamine from complete medium triggered VCP relocalization and its addition to starvation media blunted VCP relocalization. Cells cultured in Gln(+) starvation media exhibited uniformly distributed VCP in the cytoplasm (free VCP) and underwent ferroptotic cell death, which was associated with a decrease in GSH levels. Moreover, the addition of a VCP inhibitor, CB‐5083, in starvation media prevented VCP relocalization and triggered ferroptotic cell death. Likewise, expression of GFP‐fused VCP proteins, irrespective of ATPase activities, displayed free VCP and triggered cell death during starvation. These results indicate that free VCP is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial function and that PC3 cells employ a strategy of VCP self‐aggregation to suppress mitochondrial activity in order to escape cell death during starvation, a novel VCP‐mediated survival mechanism.
Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory in vitro profile of double antibiotic paste
Authors: Sousa Maurício Gonçalves da Costa , Xavier Patrícia Diniz , Cantuária Ana Paula de Castro , Amorim Ingrid Aquino , Almeida Jeeser Alves , Franco Octavio Luiz , Rezende Taia Maria Berto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of double antibiotic paste (DAP) in an in vitro infection model.MethodologyThe minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) and the antibiofilm activities (TTC assay) of DAP and its components (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis compared with triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The cellular viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages (24 and 72 h) and L929 fibroblasts (48 and 72 h) was evaluated by MTT. Furthermore, the production of TNF‐α, IL‐12, IL‐6, IL‐1α, IL‐10 and NO (on RAW 264.7), besides IL‐6, TGF‐β and NO (on L929), stimulated with DAP in baseline and associated with heat‐killed microbial‐antigen conditions was measured by ELISA and Griess reaction. Data were analysed using the one‐way ANOVA test with Bonferroni's corrections.ResultsThe MBC of pharmacopoeia DAP was similar to TAP for E. faecalis (0.25 μg. mL−1) and lower for S. aureus (DAP 1 μg. mL−1 and TAP 2 μg. mL−1; p < .001). Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiofilm drug from the pastes (35% of reduction for E. faecalis and S. aureus; p < .0001), and both pastes had a similar antibiofilm eradication against both biofilm species (29% and 35% for S. aureus and 76% and 85% for E. faecalis; p < .0001). DAP was cytotoxic against the tested cells. DAP significantly upregulated IL‐1α (p < .001), IL‐6 (p < .0001), TNF‐α (p < .01) and IL‐12 (p < .05; in the absence of antigens) and significantly reduced IL‐6 (p < .0001; in the presence of HK‐S. aureus) and IL‐10 (p < .05; in the presence of both antigens) on macrophages. Furthermore, DAP upregulated IL‐6 (p < .001) and NO (p < .05; in the absence of antigens), IL‐6 (p < .001; in the presence of HK‐S. aureus) and reduced NO (p < .001; in the presence of HK‐S. aureus).ConclusionsDouble antibiotic paste and TAP had similar antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis. DAP upregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines mainly in the absence of antigens and had pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts in the presence of antigens involved in pulp infections.