bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using different levels of energy and protein and their effects on bodyweight and blood chemistry of ostriches
Authors: Nikravesh-Masouleh Tahereh , Seidavi Alireza , Solka Magdalena , Dadashbeiki Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on bodyweight and blood chemistry, 36 ostriches at 2 to 9 weeks of age for feeding conditions and 18 for blood chemistry parameters was used. The birds were divided into six treatment groups. Energy and protein levels of diet were 2400 and 2600 kcal/kg and 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. The feed intake and bodyweight gain were determined a weekly. Blood chemical parameters including glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase activity were determined. The highest weight gain during the whole experiment was observed in ostriches offered 2400 kcal · kg−1dietary energy and 20% protein. The lowest level of total cholesterol and protein was observed in treatment V (2600 kcal · kg−1dietary energy and 22% protein). The lowest level of glucose and triglycerides was noted after treatment I. The highest albumin and globulin concentrations were in treatment III (2400 kcal · kg−1dietary energy and 24% protein) and treatment II (2400 kcal · kg−1dietary energy and 22% protein), respectively. The energy level had no effect (P < 0.05) on feed intake and weight gain in all experimental period. The results of this study showed that with increasing energy and protein levels, most blood parameters increased in ostriches but total cholesterol did not.
Evaluation of in-house, haptic assisted surgical planning for virtual reduction of complex mandibular fractures
Authors: Nilsson Johanna , Nysjö Fredrik , Nyström Ingela , Kämpe Johan , Thor Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The management of complex mandible fractures, i.e. severely comminuted or fractures of edentulous/atrophic mandibles, can be challenging. This is due to the three-dimensional loss of bone, which limits the possibility for accurate anatomic reduction. Virtual surgery planning (VSP) can provide improved accuracy and shorter operating times, but is often not employed for trauma cases because of time constraints and complex user interfaces limited to two-dimensional interaction with three-dimensional data.

Methods
In this study, we evaluate the accuracy, precision, and time efficiency of the haptic assisted surgery planning system (HASP), an in-house VSP system that supports stereo graphics, six degrees-of-freedom input, and haptics to improve the surgical planning. Three operators performed planning in HASP on computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of a plastic skull model and on twelve retrospective cases with complex mandible fractures.

Results
The results show an accuracy and reproducibility of less than 2 mm when using HASP for virtual fracture reduction, with an average planning time of 15 min including time for segmentation in the software BoneSplit.

Conclusion
This study presents an in-house haptic assisted planning tool for cranio-maxillofacial surgery with high usability that can be used for preoperative planning and evaluation of complex mandible fractures.
Quantifizierung der Weltumwelt. Zur Geschichte einer Kommunikationsform
Authors: Speich Chassé Daniel 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungUmweltrelevante Problemstellungen sind politisch lange fast ausschließlich in lokalen und nationalen Kontexten bearbeitet worden, obwohl politische Grenzen in naturräumlichen Sachzusammenhängen keine Rolle spielen. Doch heute gehört die globale Umweltproblematik zu den zentralen Herausforderungen der Weltpolitik. Der Beitrag fragt, seit wann und in welcher Form „Umwelt“ als ein alle Menschen betreffendes Problem wahrgenommen wurde, das nach gemeinsamen politischen Lösungen verlangt. Im geschichtlichen Rückblick fällt auf, wie sehr die Umweltpolitik durch numerische Kommunikationen geprägt ist. Ohne Quantifizierung, so die leitende These, hätte es niemals zu dem politisch verhandelbaren Gegenstand „Umwelt“ kommen können, der heute die Schlagzeilen dominiert. Der erste Teil handelt von der Epochenwende um 1970, die für die Konstitution des politischen Problemfelds der Weltumwelt bedeutsam gewesen zu sein scheint. Der zweite Abschnitt greift historisch weiter zurück, um die Genealogie von weltumweltpolitischen Institutionen und Akteuren zu skizzieren. Im letzten Abschnitt wird versuchsweise bestimmt, in welchem Verhältnis die Quantifizierung der Umwelt zu dem Vorgang ihrer Ökonomisierung steht. Dieser Zusammenhang scheint heute so fraglos plausibel, dass beide Prozesse analytisch oft in eins gesetzt werden. Sie haben aber historisch unterschiedliche Taktungen und ihre Verbindung musste aktiv geschaffen werden.
Die Denkerin der Stunde? Neue Schriften von und über Hannah Arendt
Authors: Meyer Thomas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas weltweit gestiegene Interesse an Leben und Werk Hannah Arendts hat in den letzten zehn Jahren eine unüberschaubare Menge an neuer Literatur hervorgebracht. Der Literaturbericht konzentriert sich zum einen auf Schriften Arendts, die erstmals zugänglich gemacht wurden. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt hier auf der neuen kritischen Edition ihrer Schriften. Zudem werden neuere Einführungen und Sekundärliteratur aus den Bereichen Literatur und Recht eingehender analysiert.
Drivers of sustainability transformations: leverage points, contexts and conjunctures
Authors: Linnér Björn-Ola , Wibeck Victoria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile increasing hopes are being attached to deliberate societal transformative change to achieve the targets of the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement, questions remain about whether and whereby such profound systemic change can be governed. This paper analyses how transformative changes are intended to be encouraged and achieved, where and when. The paper explores critical drivers and how they relate to leverage points at different places in the societal systems. The paper builds on a comprehensive sense-making analysis of scholarly literature, policy documents, including countries’ contributions to the Paris Agreement and national reviews of progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals, international news media and lay focus group discussions on five continents. There are great variations in how drivers were made sense of in the data. The many ongoing interacting transformations across societies involve different social, cultural, and political contexts, while the implementation of the 2030 Agenda also contains goal conflicts and unavoidable trade-offs. The paper highlights four categories of drivers as particularly important to consider in view of international transformation efforts: technological innovations, political economy redistribution, new narratives, and transformative learning. Four features are important for bringing clarity on how deliberate transformations can be encouraged: (1) the function of drivers in enabling and restricting transformations of societal systems characterised by detailed or dynamic complexity, (2) cultural and geographical contexts of transformations, (3) where in the systems the drivers are intended to intervene, and (4) the role of critical junctions in time, where transformative trajectories can branch out.
The Microstructure and Properties of Laser Shock Peened CMSX4 Superalloy
Authors: Rozmus-Górnikowska Magdalena , Kusiński Jan , Cieniek Łukasz , Morgiel Jerzy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The influence of laser shock peening on the surface morphology and microstructure of single-crystal CMSX4 nickel-based superalloy was investigated by optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as scanning-transmission electron microscopy in high-angle annular dark-field mode. Maps of chemical elements distribution in the laser-affected areas were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, after the LSP, nanohardness tests were conducted on the cross section of the treated samples as well as the untreated material. Laser shock peening caused an ablation and melting of the surface layer and hence enlarged the surface roughness. Beneath the surface, in the laser shock-peened areas, severe distortion of the regular

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microstructure was observed. In the surface layer, down to about 15 μm, shear bands of localized deformation were formed. Moreover, the result showed that the average nano-hardness value was obviously increased in the laser-treated region.
Correction of the CSA does not decrease the re-tear rate after SSP repair
Authors: Lücke Christoph , Schnetzke Marc , Engelke Jennifer , Storg Janis , Loew Markus , Lichtenberg Sven 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The re-tear rate after supraspinatus tendon (SSP) repair is high despite optimization of surgical techniques. The critical shoulder angle (CSA) > 35° has been identified as a risk for re-tear. Surgical reduction of the CSA performing additional lateral acromioplasty (ALAP) is intended to reduce the risk.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the effect of ALAP on the re-tear rate in patients with a CSA > 35° after SSP repair.

Patients and methods
The study included 49 shoulders fulfilling predefined inclusion criteria. The patients were assigned to two groups; group I (25 SSP) was additionally treated with an ALAP. In group II (24 SSP) standard acromioplasty was performed during reconstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging and a clinical examination (Constant Score; CS) were performed 12 months after surgery.

Results
After 15 months group I showed a re-tear rate of 20%, a decreased CSA (mean 38.0° preoperatively vs. 34.5° postoperatively) and an increase in CS (mean 53.9 vs. 84.6). After 16 months group II showed a re-tear rate of 16.7%, no difference between pre- and postoperative CSA (37.8° vs. 37.6°), and an increase in CS (48.9 vs. 84.5). There was no difference between the groups in terms of re-tears and postoperative CS (p = 0.4557), but there was a significant difference in postoperative CSA (p < 0.0001). We did not find a decrease in the failure rate after ALAP. Unlike other studies, patients with a postoperative CSA > 35° did not have a worse clinical outcome and no increased rate of re-tears compared with patients with a mechanically reduced CSA.

Conclusion
Additive lateral acromioplasty does not decrease the re-tear rate after arthroscopic SSP repair. However, ALAP significantly decreases the CSA to normal values.
Comparison of Linear versus Circular-Stapled Gastroenterostomy in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Romeijn Marleen M. , van Hoef Stijn , Janssen Loes , van de Pas Kelly G. H. , van Dielen François M. H. , Luijten Arijan A. P. M. , Göttgens Kevin W. A. , Greve Jan Willem M. , Leclercq Wouter K. G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
When performing a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), the gastroenterostomy can be constructed with a circular stapled or linear stapled technique. The size of the gastroenterostomy depends on the stapling method and this may affect weight loss outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the stapling technique on weight loss outcomes after RYGB.

Methods
This is a nationwide population-based cohort study of patients that received a RYGB. Data were derived from the Dutch Audit of Treatment of Obesity. Primary outcome was the impact of stapling technique on the rate of non-response defined as significant weight regain (≥20% of a patients’ lost weight) 2–4 years post-surgery, after initial successful weight loss (≥20% total weight loss, TWL). Secondary outcomes were the rate of response, defined as successful weight loss (≥20% TWL) within 1.5 years post-surgery, the incidence of complications and the progression of comorbidities.

Results
In a cohort of 12,468 patients, non-response was equally distributed between both groups (circular 18.0% vs. linear 17.6%). No differences in response rate (circular 97.0% vs. linear 96.5%) or %TWL were observed up to 4 years post-surgery. Patients in the circular stapled group experienced more complications, specifically major bleedings (2.4% vs. 1.2%; p=0.002) within 30 days postoperatively. No differences were found in deteriorated comorbidities, neither in de novo developed comorbidities.

Conclusion
When comparing stapling technique in RYGB, weight loss outcomes did not differ during a 4-year follow-up period. The linear stapled gastroenterostomy could pose an advantage due to its lower complication rate.

Graphical abstract
Use of Underexploited Flours for the Reduction of Glycaemic Index of Gluten-Free Biscuits: Physicochemical and Sensory Characterization
Authors: Di Cairano Maria , Condelli Nicola , Caruso Marisa Carmela , Cela Nazarena , Tolve Roberta , Galgano Fernanda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe type and the amount of starch present in bakery products affect their glycaemic index. The control of glycaemic index in our diet can be relevant to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart diseases. The use of alternative flours to rice, maize, and their starches may improve the nutritional quality of gluten-free baked goods by reducing the glycaemic index. This work aimed at the formulation of satisfactory gluten-free biscuits by using underexploited flour mixes (from cereals, pseudocereals, and legumes), at the evaluation of their physical properties, starch digestibility and subsequent estimation of the glycaemic index. The presence of chickpea flour increased biscuit hardness and gluten-free flours darkened biscuit surface. The greatest differences in starch composition and its digestion were found between gluten-free samples and wheat-containing control. Experimental biscuits had also a lower predicted glycaemic index compared to commercial products, whereas experimental formulations presented similar values between each other. Consumers’ acceptance and sensory profiling by Check All That Apply questionnaire were carried out. All formulations but one were above the acceptance threshold (50); crumbliness and easiness to swallow were drivers of acceptance, whereas sandiness exerted a negative impact on liking score.
Spatial Dynamics Regarding Geographical Concentration of Economic Activities. Italian NUTS-3 Analysis
Authors: De Falco Stefano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor several years, the themes concerning agglomeration economies have been approached from different perspectives in the scientific debate, as capable of triggering various positive features. The present research starts precisely where many others arrive, that is, given the value of these externalities, analyzing the spatial distribution of the geographical concentration of economic activities and the related influencing factors. To this end, in this contribution an explanatory investigation is carried out into the spatial dynamics deriving from main productive sectors’ concentration in some Italian regions. The proposed methodological approach is based respectively on the LISA spatial autocorrelation models and on the analysis of non-neighboring clusters to understand if the geographical area of reference and / or the particular production sector are influencing variables. The empirical investigation confirms the presence of a parametric interaction between factors related in some cases on the geographical context and in others on the productive sector.
Carcinoma Cervix Leading to Ichthyosis Uteri: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Vijaywargiya Komal , Kachhara Namrata , Chahwala Qutbuddin , Ruia Aayushi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIchthyosis uteri is an exceedingly rare condition in which the entire surface of the endometrium is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. It is a benign lesion and its association with benign and malignant conditions has been reported in the literature (Bewtra, Xie, Hunter, Jurgensen (Arch Pathol Lab Med 29:e124–e125, 2005)). Originally described as an endometrial response to iatrogenically introduced caustic substances, similar changes have since been described in association with a variety of inflammatory conditions of the endometrium. It is concluded that a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix extended proximally into the endometrium (Bagga, Jaswal, Datta, Mahajan (Indian J Pathol Microbiol 51:267–268, 2008)). The possibility of significant cervical pathology should be considered when plaques of squamous epithelium with low-grade dysplastic changes are identified in an endometrial biopsy or curettage.
Efficacy and temperature dependence of 60% and 85% formic acid treatment against Varroa destructor
Authors: STEUBE Xenia , BEINERT Patricia , KIRCHNER Wolfgang H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is considered one of the main threats to the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Efficient pest management is crucial, and the evaporation of formic acid (FA) is an active principle that could be adopted. However, the usage of FA has an extreme variable efficacy depending on several conditions, ambient temperature among them. Cooler conditions, as they usually occur in Central Europe in late summer and autumn, can negatively affect treatment success. Our study aims to evaluate factors that influence the efficacy of different FA treatments. Over a period of 8 years, we investigated the effect of ambient temperature, hive size and dispenser type on the treatment success with 60% and 85% FA and consolidated those factors in a linear regression model. Treatment with 60% FA shows higher variability, and often lowered efficacy, especially in double brood chamber hives. In contrast, 85% FA treatment achieves higher efficacy and lower variability and shows significantly diminished dependence on ambient temperature.
Glacier Retreat in Iceland Mapped from Space: Time Series Analysis of Geodata from 1941 to 2018
Authors: Hauser Sarah , Schmitt Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, glaciers outside Greenland and Antarctica have shown increasingly rapid rates of mass loss and retreat of the ice front, which is associated with climatic and oceanic warming. Due to their maritime location, Icelandic glaciers are sensitive to short-term climate fluctuations and have shown rapid rates of retreat and mass loss over the last decade. In this study, historical maps (1941–1949) of the US Army Map Service (AMS series C762) and optical satellite imagery (Landsat 1, Landsat 5, Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Sentinel-2) are used to study the Langjökull, Hofsjökull and Vatnajökull ice caps. By the help of the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), the glacier terminus fluctuations of the ice caps from 1973 to 2018 and the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) from 1973 to 2018 are analyzed. The results are compared with climate data, especially with mean summer temperatures and winter precipitation. Due to the negative temperature gradient with increasing altitude, bivariate histograms are generated, showing the glaciated area per altitude zone and time, and providing a prediction of the future development until 2050 and beyond. The results indicate that Langjökull, Hofsjökull and Vatnajökull are retreating and advancing over the study period in correlation with the mean summer temperature, with a steady decrease over time being the clearest and most significant trend. The lower parts of the glaciers, thus, will probably disappear during the next decades. This behaviour is also evident by an exceptional increase of the ELA observed on all three glaciers, which leads to a reduction of the accumulation zone.
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells with Platinum Group Metal (PGM)-Free Cathode
Authors: Du Lei , Zhang Gaixia , Sun Shuhui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have gained increasing interest from academia and industry, due to its remarkable advantages including high efficiency, high energy density, high power density, and fast refueling, also because of the urgent demand for clean and renewable energy. One of the biggest challenges for PEM fuel cell technology is the high cost, attributed to the use of precious platinum group metals (PGM), e.g., Pt, particularly at cathodes where sluggish oxygen reduction reaction takes place. Two primary ways have been paved to address this cost challenge: one named low-loading PGM-based catalysts and another one is non-precious metal-based or PGM-free catalysts. Particularly for the PGM-free catalysts, tremendous efforts have been made to improve the performance and durability—milestones have been achieved in the corresponding PEM fuel cells. Even though the current status is still far from meeting the expectations. More efforts are thus required to further research and develop the desired PGM-free catalysts for cathodes in PEM fuel cells. Herein, this paper discusses the most recent progress of PGM-free catalysts and their applications in the practical membrane electrolyte assembly and PEM fuel cells. The most promising directions for future research and development are pointed out in terms of enhancing the intrinsic activity, reducing the degradation, as well as the study at the level of fuel cell stacks.
Novel Radiographic Indexes for Elbow Stability Assessment: Part B—Preliminary Clinical Study
Authors: Luceri Francesco , Cucchi Davide , Rosagrata Enrico , Zaolino Carlo Eugenio , Menon Alessandra , Radici Mattia , Zagarella Andrea , Catapano Michele , Gallazzi Mauro Battista , Arrigoni Paolo Angelo , Randelli Pietro Simone 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The coronoid process plays a key-role in preserving elbow stability. Currently, there are no radiographic indexes conceived to assess the intrinsic elbow stability and the joint congruency. The aim of this study is to present new radiological parameters, which will help assess the intrinsic stability of the ulnohumeral joint and to define normal values of these indexes in a normal, healthy population.

Methods
Four independent observers (two orthopaedic surgeons and two radiologists) selected lateral view X-rays of subjects with no history of upper limb disease or surgery. The following radiographic indexes were defined: trochlear depth index (TDI); anterior coverage index (ACI); posterior coverage index (PCI); olecranon–coronoid angle (OCA); radiographic coverage angle (RCA). Inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility were assessed for each index.

Results
126 subjects were included. Standardized lateral elbow radiographs (62 left and 64 right elbows) were obtained and analysed. The mean TDI was 0.46 ± 0.06 (0.3–1.6), the mean ACI was 2.0 ± 0.2 (1.6–3.1) and the mean PCI was 1.3 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.9). The mean RCA was 179.6 ± 8.3° (normalized RCA: 49.9 ± 2.3%) and the mean OCA was 24.6 ± 3.7°. The indexes had a high-grade of inter-observer and intra-observer reliability for each of the four observers. Significantly higher values were found for males for TDI, ACI, PCI and RCA.

Conclusion
The novel radiological parameters described are simple, reliable and easily reproducible. These features make them a promising tool for radiographic evaluation both for orthopaedic surgeons and for radiologists in the emergency department setting or during outpatient services.

Level of evidence
Basic Science Study (Case Series).

Clinical relevance
The novel radiological parameters described are reliable, easily reproducible and become handy for orthopaedic surgeons as well as radiologists in daily clinical practice.