bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) for environmental protection and whisker mitigation of electronic assemblies
Authors: Soldano Caterina , Ashworth Mark A. , Wilcox Geoffrey D. , Kutilainen Terho , Hokka Jussi , Praks Jaan , Pudas Marko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate how metal-oxide thin-film conformal coatings grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be exploited as an effective approach to mitigate tin whisker growth on printed circuit boards. First, we study the effect of different ALD coatings and process parameters on Sn–Cu-electroplated test coupons, by combining optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy and evaluating whisker distribution on the surface. On these samples, we found that one important parameter in mitigating whisker growth is the time interval between electroplating and the ALD coating process (pre-coat time), which should be kept of the order of few days (2, based on our results). Atomic layer-deposited coatings were also found to be effective toward whisker formation in different storage conditions. Furthermore, we show that ALD coating is also effective in limiting the need for outgassing of electronic assemblies (PCBAs), which is an additional stringent requirement for applications in space industry. Our experimental results thus demonstrated that atomic layer deposition is a suitable technique for aerospace applications, both in terms of degassing and whisker mitigation.
SOURCE: a semi-automatic tool for spring-monitoring data analysis and aquifer characterisation
Authors: Lo Russo Stefano , Suozzi Enrico , Gizzi Martina , Taddia Glenda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt has become increasingly necessary to optimise mountain groundwater resource management and comprehend resource-recharging systems from a hydrogeological perspective to formulate adequate resource protection strategies. Analysing mountain spring behaviour and aquifer characteristics can be time-consuming, so new automated techniques and software tools are needed to estimate hydrogeological parameters and understand the exhaustion dynamics of groundwater resources. This paper introduces SOURCE, a new semi-automatic tool that automates the hydrogeological characterisation of water springs and provides proper estimations of the vulnerability index, as well as autocorrelation and cross-correlation statistical coefficients. SOURCE rapidly processed input data from the Mascognaz 1 spring (Aosta Valley) water probes and meteorological station to provide graphical outputs and values for the main hydrodynamic parameters. Having a single software package that contains all the main methods of water spring analysis could potentially reduce analysis times from a few days to a few hours.
Orders and polytropes: matrix algebras from valuations
Authors: El Maazouz Yassine , Hahn Marvin Anas , Nebe Gabriele , Stanojkovski Mima , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe apply tropical geometry to study matrix algebras over a field with valuation. Using the shapes of min-max convexity, known as polytropes, we revisit the graduated orders introduced by Plesken and Zassenhaus. These are classified by the polytrope region. We advance the ideal theory of graduated orders by introducing their ideal class polytropes. This article emphasizes examples and computations. It offers first steps in the geometric combinatorics of endomorphism rings of configurations in affine buildings.
Association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with obesity and underweight in children
Authors: Hanć Tomasz , Bryl Ewa , Szcześniewska Paula , Dutkiewicz Agata , Borkowska Aneta R. , Paszyńska Elżbieta , Słopień Agnieszka , Dmitrzak-Węglarz Monika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to both obesity and underweight from childhood, and that the association of ACEs with weight abnormalities is modulated by type of ACEs, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) indices.MethodsThe relations between ACEs (0 vs ≥ 1), ACE accumulation and ACE type with weight status andzscores BMI were assessed in 503 children aged 6–12 years from Poznan, Poland. The effects of interaction of ACEs with sex and SES onzscores BMI were included in the analyses.ResultsACEs were significantly related to both obesity and underweight, in unadjusted analysis, and when sex and SES indices, such as size of place of residence, people per room in household, and parental education were controlled. The relation of ACEs withzscores BMI was modulated by ACE type, parental subjective assessment of economic situation of a family and parental education. ACE accumulation was not related to an increase of obesity or underweight rate, orzscores BMI.ConclusionThe study implicates the need for both obesity and underweight prevention in individuals with adverse experiences as early as in childhood.Level of evidenceIII: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort study.
The Match Between Structural Attributes and Content-Based Orientation of Managerial Cognition: An Exploratory fsQCA Study of ‘Hidden Champions’
Authors: Lei Linan , Fu Yanan , Wu Xiaobo , Du Jian 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTStrategic decision makers interpret information and translate it into organizational action through the lens of strategic schemas. How should firms realize high performance with various strategic schemas? Cognitive content and structure have been shown to underlie strategic schemas, but few studies have considered them together. This study employs aggregation analysis to clarify the interaction between cognitive content (technology orientation, market orientation) and structure (complexity, centrality) in affecting the firm performance (FP) of ‘hidden champion’ companies, identified by the Economy and Information Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, China. The empirical method applies fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to generate strategic schema profiles for high FP. This exploratory study fills a gap in the literature on managerial cognition and provides key lessons from ‘hidden champion’ companies in China and their paths for small- and medium-sized enterprises to grow.
An enigmatic lower jaw from the Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Winterswijk provides insights into dental configuration, tooth replacement and histology
Authors: Spiekman Stephan N.F. , Klein Nicole 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction event, several reptile lineages radiated to form major components of marine faunas during the entire Mesozoic. The Lower Muschelkalk, which was deposited within a shallow inland sea in the Germanic Basin during the Middle Triassic, is one of the most important regions for understanding the early evolution of Mesozoic marine reptiles. Here, we present a new specimen from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk in the Netherlands, comprising an isolated left dentary that is morphologically distinct from any well-known Triassic vertebrate. We provide a detailed description of the jaw and the teeth using histological and micro-computed tomographic analyses. The anterior teeth are fang-like and curved, whereas the posterior teeth are wider and triangular-shaped. Tooth implantation is thecodont and teeth are ankylosed to the base of the alveolus. Replacement teeth are developed directly lingual to the functional teeth, starting with the formation of a resorption cavity on the dorsal surface of the alveolar margin. The replacement pattern cannot be observed in detail but is regular in the posterior part of the dentary with each tooth being alternated with an empty alveolus. The specimen can likely be assigned to Eosauropterygia based on its jaw morphology and dental morphology and replacement pattern, and it is remarkably similar to maxillae referred to the enigmatic Lamprosauroides goepperti from the Lower Muschelkalk of Poland. The dentary from Winterswijk lacks enlarged, ‘alveolarised’ crypts and corresponding distinct dental lamina foramina (DLFs) for the replacement teeth, a configuration that is typical of Sauropterygia, but which was likely not omnipresent in this clade. The specimen also exhibits loosely folded plicidentine at the roots of the teeth, likely representing the first identification of this feature in Sauropterygia.
Do parties’ representation failures affect populist attitudes? Evidence from a multinational survey experiment
Authors: Castanho Silva Bruno , Wratil Christopher 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rise of populist forces in Western democracies is often linked to representation failures. However, to date we lack causally identified evidence for the effect of parties’ representation on populist attitudes. We address this lacuna through a survey experiment conducted in 12 European Union countries involving 23,257 subjects. Our experiment manipulates citizens’ perceptions of being represented by national parties in the 2019 European elections campaign, and identifies the effect of perceived representation on populist attitudes. The results reveal that poor representation increases populist attitudes in respondents that did not express such attitudes pretreatment, but has no effect among those who were already populist. We demonstrate that this effect is primarily due to parties’ representation failures triggering citizens’ anti-elite sentiment.
A nonlinear optimal control approach for underactuated power-line inspection robots
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos , Zervos Nikolaos , Siano Pierluigi , Abbaszadeh Masoud , Pomares Jorge , Wira Patrice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article proposes a nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) control approach for a type of underactuated power-line inspection robots. To implement this control scheme, the state-space model of the power-line inspection robots undergoes first approximate linearization around a temporary operating point, through first-order Taylor series expansion and through the computation of the associated Jacobian matrices. To select the feedback gains of the controller an algebraic Riccati equation is solved at each time step of the control method. The global stability properties of the control loop are proven through Lyapunov analysis. The significance of the article’s results is outlined in the following: (i) the proposed control method is suitable for treating underactuated robotic systems and in general nonlinear dynamical systems with control inputs gain matrices which are in a nonquadratic form, (ii) by achieving stabilization of the power-line inspection robots in underactuation conditions the proposed control method ensures the reliable functioning of these robotic systems in the case of actuators’ failures or enables the complete removal of certain actuators and the reduction of the weight of these robotic systems, (iii) the proposed control method offers a solution to the nonlinear optimal control problem which is of proven global stability while also remaining computationally tractable, (iv) the proposed nonlinear optimal control method retains the advantages of linear optimal control that is fast and accurate tracking of reference setpoints under moderate variations of the control inputs, and (v) by minimizing the amount of energy that is dispersed by the actuators of the power-line inspection robots the proposed control method improves the autonomy and operational capacity of such robotic systems.
Determinants of early lexical acquisition: Effects of word- and child-level factors on Dutch children's acquisition of words
Authors: VERHAGEN Josje , VAN STIPHOUT Mees , BLOM Elma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious research on the effects of word-level factors on lexical acquisition has shown that frequency and concreteness are most important. Here, we investigate CDI data from 1,030 Dutch children, collected with the short form of the Dutch CDI, to address (i) how word-level factors predict lexical acquisition, once child-level factors are controlled, (ii) whether effects of these word-level factors vary with word class and age, and (iii) whether any interactions with age are due to differences in receptive vocabulary. Mixed-effects regressions yielded effects of frequency and concreteness, but not of word class and phonological factors (e.g., word length, neighborhood density). The effect of frequency was stronger for nouns than predicates. The effects of frequency and concreteness decreased with age, and were not explained by differences in vocabulary knowledge. These findings extend earlier results to Dutch, and indicate that effects of age are not due to increases in vocabulary knowledge.
The role of individual factors in L2 vocabulary learning with cognitive-linguistics-based static and dynamic visual aids
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Lai Yuda , Burden Tyler 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study aims to verify the impact of dynamic aids on learning L2 prepositions in relation to individual learner variables. Situated within the cognitive linguistics (CL) framework and differing from previous research, the present study hypothesizes that dynamic (animated) aids are not equally effective for all learners; rather, their effectiveness differs according to learners’ first languages (L1s) (Chinese or Japanese) and information-processing styles (verbalizers or imagers). To verify this hypothesis, we utilized learning materials comprised of static and dynamic images for three English spatial prepositions (above,on,over). After conducting a Style of Processing questionnaire, we administered three cloze tests (pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest) of target words to Taiwanese and Japanese participants (N= 109), whose L1s differed in terms of their linguistic proximity to English. Although no significant differences were found between the treatment groups in tests for all participants, the results were differentiated by individual factors. In results of a two-way ANOVA, Taiwanese participants showed significantly greater improvement from the pretest to posttest than Japanese participants when the participants used dynamic images, whereas the Japanese group made more learning gains from the posttest to the delayed posttest test. Moreover, imagers obtained more benefits from the visual aids, whether static or dynamic, than verbalizers. Our findings indicate that CL-based visual aids are beneficial and that individual factors, especially learners’ L1, may produce different learning effects, especially in multimedia environments.
Type-based analysis of logarithmic amortised complexity
Authors: Hofmann Martin , Leutgeb Lorenz , Obwaller David , Moser Georg , Zuleger Florian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe introduce a novel amortised resource analysis couched in a type-and-effect system. Our analysis is formulated in terms of the physicist’s method of amortised analysis and is potentialbased. The type system makes use of logarithmic potential functions and is the first such system to exhibit logarithmic amortised complexity. With our approach, we target the automated analysis of self-adjusting data structures, like splay trees, which so far have only manually been analysed in the literature. In particular, we have implemented a semi-automated prototype, which successfully analyses the zig-zig case of splaying, once the type annotations are fixed.
Inflammatory cytokines in and cognitive function of adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder
Authors: Chen Mu-Hong , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kai-Lin , Tsai Shih-Jen , Tu Pei-Chi , Bai Ya-Mei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have explored the complex relationship of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines with cognitive function in adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder.MethodsIn total, 26, 35, and 29 adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, respectively, and 22 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the current study. Cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP), were assessed. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the working memory task were administered to assess cognitive function.ResultsUsing generalized linear models with adjustment for demographic data and clinical symptoms, patients with bipolar disorder were found to exhibit the highest levels of CRP (P = .023), IL-6 (P = .022), and TNF-α (P = .011), and had the lowest IL-2 levels (P = .034) among the four groups. According to the results of the WCST and working memory task, adolescents with schizophrenia exhibited the lowest performance in cognitive function. In addition, among the assessed cytokines, only CRP levels (P = .027) were negatively associated with WCST scores.DiscussionDysregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and impaired cognitive functioning were observed in first-episode adolescent-onset schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The altered cytokine profiles may play important roles in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
A Liquid Metal Encapsulation for Analyzing Porous Nanomaterials by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Kim Se-Ho , El-Zoka Ayman A , Gault Baptiste 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Analyzing porous (nano)materials via atom probe tomography has been notoriously difficult. Voids and pores act as concentrators of the electrostatic pressure, which results in premature specimen failure, and the electrostatic field distribution near voids leads to aberrations that are difficult to predict. In this study, we propose a new encapsulating method for porous samples using a low melting point Bi–In–Sn alloy, known as Field's metal. As a model material, we used porous iron made by direct-hydrogen reduction of single-crystalline wüstite. The complete encapsulation was performed using in situ heating on the stage of a scanning electron microscope. No visible corrosion nor dissolution of the sample occurred. Subsequently, specimens were shaped by focused ion-beam milling under cryogenic conditions at −190°C. The proposed approach is versatile and can be applied to provide good quality atom probe datasets from micro/nanoporous materials.
Sources of psychological distress among primary care physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in Spain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cebrián-Cuenca Ana , Mira José Joaquín , Caride-Miana Elena , Fernández-Jiménez Antonio , Orozco-Beltrán Domingo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people worldwide. In Spain, the first wave was especially severe.

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify sources and levels of distress among Spanish primary care physicians (PCPs) during the first wave of the pandemic (April 2020).

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey that included sociodemographic data, a description of working conditions related to distress [such as gaps in training in protective measures, cleaning, and hygiene procedures in work setting, unavailability of personal protective equipments (PPEs) and COVID-19 RT-PCR test, and lack of staff due to be infected] and a validated scale, the ‘Self-applied Acute Stress Scale’ (EASE). The survey was answered by a non-probability sampling of PCPs working in family healthcare centres from different regions of Spain. Analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed.

Results:
In all, out of 518 PCP participants, 123 (23.7%) obtained high psychological distress scores. Only half of them had received information about the appropriate use of PPE. PCP characteristics associated with higher levels of distress include female gender [1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54, 2.84]; lack of training in protective measures (1.96; 95% CI 0.94, 2.99); unavailable COVID-19 RT-PCR for health care workers after quarantine or COVID-19 treatment (−0.77 (−1.52, −0.02). Reinforcing disinfection of the work environment (P < 0.05), availability of PPEs (P < 0.05), and no healthcare professional was infected (P < 0.05) were related to the lowest distress score.

Conclusions:
A better understanding of the sources of distress among PCPs could prevent its effect on future outbreaks.
China's Participation in the Second Hague Conference and the Concept of Equal Sovereignty in International Law
Authors: MITCHELL Ryan Martínez 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the Qing Empire's formal inclusion as a member of the Eurocentric community of states by the turn of the 20th century, its lack of full sovereign status was frequently reasserted in practice. This included proceedings where legal norms were unilaterally applied to it as an object of regulation, provoking a pursuit of agency. In particular, the unprecedented foreign occupation and administration of China after the Boxer crisis of 1899–1901 spurred efforts in pedagogy, legal reform, and diplomacy. Several such efforts subsequently overlapped at the Second Hague Conference in 1907. There, Qing diplomats for the first time influenced multilateral negotiations, and discovered a nascent solidarity with other “weak” states in Latin America and Asia. Joint struggle against great power initiatives sparked new conversations about the equality of states, however, major questions about the implications of sovereign status for genuine agency, and the contingent forms of international legal “progress,” remained unresolved.
Tailoring the properties of quantum dot-micropillars by ultrafast optical injection of free charge carriers
Authors: Peinke Emanuel , Sattler Tobias , Torelly Guilherme M. , Souza Patricia L. , Perret Sylvain , Bleuse Joël , Claudon Julien , Vos Willem L. , Gérard Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe review recent studies of cavity switching induced by the optical injection of free carriers in micropillar cavities containing quantum dots. Using the quantum dots as a broadband internal light source and a streak camera as detector, we track the resonance frequencies for a large set of modes with picosecond time resolution. We report a record-fast switch-on time constant (1.5 ps) and observe major transient modifications of the modal structure of the micropillar on the 10 ps time scale: mode crossings are induced by a focused symmetric injection of free carriers, while a lifting of several mode degeneracies is observed when off-axis injection breaks the rotational symmetry of the micropillar. We show theoretically and experimentally that cavity switching can be used to tailor the dynamic properties of the coupled QD–cavity system. We report the generation of ultrashort spontaneous emission pulses (as short as 6 ps duration) by a collection of frequency-selected QDs in a switched pillar microcavity. These pulses display a very small coherence length, attractive for ultrafast speckle-free imaging. Moreover, the control of QD-mode coupling on the 10 ps time scale establishes cavity switching as an appealing resource for quantum photonics.