bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic and Clot Lysis Activity Screening of Crude Proteases Extracted from Tissues and Bacterial Isolates of Holothuria Scabra
Authors: Hidayati Nur , Fuad Hayatun , Munandar Hendra , Zilda Dewi Seswita , Nurrahman Nurrahman , Fattah Miswar , Oedjijono Oedjijono , Samiasih Amin , Ethica Stalis Norma 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the leading mortality causes in the last decades. The ailments are multifactorial characterized by excessive clot (thrombus) formation in the blood vessels. Thrombus could be degraded through thrombolysis mechanism by plasmin activated by various fibrinolysis agents including, urokinase, nattokinase, or streptokinase. However, the use of these agents is restricted by relatively high cost, short half-life, allergic reaction, and bleeding effects. The search for more economical and safer thrombolytic (clot lysis) agents are essential to address the underlying problem in CVD therapy. Among Holothurians, H. scabra has been known to have the highest protein content making it ideal substrate for protease enzymes including fibrinolytic types with clot lysis properties. However, isolation of a proteases with antithrombotic activities either from tissue or from bacteria of H. scabra has not been reported. This study aimed to screen proteolytic and clot lysis activities of crude protease extracts from tissue and bacteria isolated from fermented intestine of H. scabra. Crude protease of tissue of H. scabra was extracted by cold centrifugation, which activity was measured using UV-spectrophotometer. Crude protease of proteolytic bacteria selected by clear zones on skim milk agar (SMA) medium was isolated from nutrient broth (NB). Extracts showing proteolytic activity were subjected to gravimetry-based clot lysis test. As results, crude proteases isolated directly from the H. scabra’s tissue showed low proteolytic activities, thus were no proceed to clot lysis activity test. Crude protease extracted bacteria could show both proteolytic and clot lysis activities. In conclusion, based on this screening study, intestine of H. scabra is a rich source of proteolytic bacteria, some of them could produce crude enzymes showing competitive thrombolysis activities with Nattokinase. Thus, they appeared to have more potentials to be developed as thrombolysis agent than those directly extracted from the organism’s tissue.
Application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for Mapping Food Vulnerability in Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Ketut Sardiana I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to map food vulnerability through geographic information system applications in the city of Denpasar. The research method is descriptive quantitative. The data collected consisted of spatial data in the form of administrative maps with the sub-district as the mapping unit, and attribute data consisted of indicators of food vulnerability based on approach of the food and nutrition surveillance system (FNSS) consisting of: agriculture (food availability), health (energy preference), and socioeconomic (poverty). Each indicator is scorched, the combination of these three indicators produces a composite value for the FNSS which indicates the level of food vulnerability in an area. The results showed that in all sub-districts in Denpasar City were classified as high-risk areas, characterized by indicators of high deficit serelia food production ( r < 0.95), indicators of malnutrition and deficiency (under weight) is classified as safe ( < 15%), and indicators of food utilization are classified as safe (pre-PF and PF-1 < 20%).
Green open space implementation on the underground building
Authors: Indira I N , Herdiansyah H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Green Open Space (GOS) as described as an open place to grow plants both naturally or intentionally planted. The arrangement of GOS on the underground building is of a similar type to the green roof design on buildings located at ground level. This is due to the similarity in the characteristics of the park on top of a building. Using a quantitative approach, the study presented the GOS visually, showed the area, the percentage of green plants, and the number of shade trees. This research used the model of Underground Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) as a representative of the underground building that can be further reviewed to be applied in DKI Jakarta. Underground GIS requires land in a natural environment but tries to maintain part of that environment with green space applied to the roof of the underground building. GOS is applied on the Underground GIS roof by implementing the intensive green roof. By considering public activity spaces and arranging vegetation layout, it is hoped that this Underground GIS can become a built environment that can reduce the ecological footprint, enhance benefits for the environment, and make the growth of urban space more sustainable and livable.
Integration of Village Development with the Company’s CSR Program in the Environmental Priority Program Formulation
Authors: Mardhia D , Kautsari N , Ayu I W , Hartono Y , Gunawan G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The village development program is still prioritized for infrastructure development and less community development. On the other side the company’s CSR program is still not in line with the village program so it is less a solution to the community’s problems. This study aims to identify environmental problems around the work area of Labuhan Sumbawa PLTD and determine short-term environmental priority programs that are integrated with the village development program. The method used is social mapping and need assessment. The results showed there were five problems on environmental aspects, namely the problem of garbage, the availability of clean water, air pollution, noise in the area around the Labuhan Sumbawa PLTD and the problem of greening. Formulation of priority programs that are integrated with Labuhan Sumbawa village development program including the provision of clean water networks, procurement of waste management infrastructure facilities, training and assistance on household scale waste management and clean water treatment training as well as greening and procurement of Green Open Space (RTH).
Citrus maxima Pectin as Superdisintegrant: Preparation and Evaluation of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide Orodispersible Film
Authors: Nining  , Elfiyani Rahmah , Nurhasanah Siti 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Citrus maxima pectin has a function to serve as a superdisintegrant due to its hydrophilicity, its high methoxyl content, and its great affinity for water. It allows the acceleration of the disintegration time of the orodispersible film. This study aims to determine the superdisintegration effect of Citrus maxima pectin on orodispersible film characteristics. Initially, Citrus maxima pectins were extracted and evaluated for organoleptic properties, qualitative tests, loss on drying, ash content, equivalent weight, and methoxyl content. Orodispersible film of dextromethorphan hydrobromide was formulated in 5 formulas with varying concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. The films were evaluated for their organoleptic properties, uniformity of weight, thickness, tensile strength, elongation, pH, disintegration time, determination of content, and drug uniformity. The pectin from Citrus maxima has been successfully extracted to produce high purity and to include the type of HMP. Orodispersible film DH has been made and has met compendial standard parameters as they showed to have disintegration time of 48.5-59 seconds, a tensile strength of 20.59-32.45 kg/cm2, and elongation of 38.8-44%. The results showed that the increasing concentration of Citrus maxima pectin will accelerate the disintegration time, increase the elongation, and decrease the tensile strength.
The Effect Of Transfer Of Land Function On The Development Of Te Area Through Community Empowement
Authors: Tarigan R.R.A , Tarmizi H.B. , Purwoko A , Ginting R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of land use change on regional development in Deli Serdang Regency and to analyze the effect of land use change through community empowerment on regional development in Deli Serdang Regency. The research design used exploratory research and descriptive research. This research was conducted in the area of Deli Serdang Regency with boundaries on areas that have changed land functions. The research area includes 5 districts, namely Sunggal District, Namorambe District, Hamparan Perak District, Pancur Batu District and STM Hilir District. The design of this study is a study looking at independent variables that directly affect land use change and through community empowerment towards regional development. Data analysis with moderating analysis. Overall the results of data processing by conducting suitability tests and statistical tests. The result of this research is that land conversion has a significant positive effect on regional development in Deli Serdang Regency. Community empowerment can moderate the effect of land use change in a significant positive manner on regional development in Deli Serdang Regency.
Evaluation of Ipomea carnea Growth Response in Plant Media That was Exposed by Sidoarjo Mud
Authors: Sutarman S.C , Pamungkas S , Arifin M. Abror 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Krangkungan (Ipomea carnea ssp. Fistulosa) is a wild plant that has the ability to remediate wetlands polluted by toxic substances. Investigation of I. carnea’s ability to survive and thrive on land exposed to Sidoarjo mud is needed to enrich information for future management. This study aims to determine the relationship of Sidoarjo mud concentration to 30% levels and incubation period of planting up to 70 days after planting on the growth rate and production of plant biomass. Sidoarjo mud-free krangkungan seedlings were transferred into polybags containing planting media with Sidoarjo mud composition and normal soil 0: 100%, 10: 90%, 20: 80%, and 30: 70% each as many as four plants. Observation of plant growth starts from 10 days after planting (HST) to 80 HST. The incubation period or observation time with the 10-day interval (10-70 HST) and sludge concentration are independent variables in the linear regression model related to growth and production of biomass as the dependent variable at the 5% real level. Linear regression analysis of data obtained using the SPSS statistical analysis package (version 18). Sidoarjo mud and incubation time affect the decrease in height growth rate, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and weight of I. carnea in 70 days after incubation of planting. I. carnea is able to grow well in soil mixed with mud up to a concentration of 30% even though the rate of growth and production of biomass decreases compared to lower mud concentration and without mud. Conservation of I. carnea on land that has been exposed to Siudoarjo mud has a prospect for the use of this weed for various purposes.
Village Development Program for Producing Iodized Salt for Sustainable Development Community
Authors: Mardhia D , Syafikri D , Yahya F , Andriyani N , Gunawan G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Setia Kawan Group is the partner of Samawa University in the Partner Village Development Program (PPDM) in producing iodized salt. The assistance provided to the Setia Kawan Group aims to overcome the problems faced by the group, especially the low salt production quality and quantity as well as the low salt prices which affect their business’s development negatively. The methods of carrying out PPDM activities include counseling, training, equipment procuring, and assisting. With assistance through PPDM, the quantity of salt production has increased to 40 tons. In terms of quality, the salt meets the requirements of iodized salt raw material. So far, Setia Kawan Group sells salt only in the form of Krosok salt at a price of Rp 2,000 per kg. The production of iodized salt will definitely increase the income of Setia Kawan Group. Iodized salt is sold at Rp. 3,000 per 400 grams. If it is calculated, the income of the Setia Kawan Group increased by Rp.5,500/Kg.
Monthly Rainfall Components in Ambon City: Evidence from the Serious Time Analysis
Authors: Sinay Lexy J. , Kembauw Esther 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to prove whether rainfall in Ambon City contains seasonal components based on the characteristics of monthly rainfall history data in Ambon City. The data used is monthly rainfall data in Ambon City 2005.01-2017.12. The data is time series data from the BMKG Meteorology Station observation in Maluku Province. The time series analysis method used is ARIMA / SARIMA and Holt-Winter Exponential Smoothing. The results of this study have a good level of accuracy, namely using the results of analysis based on the values of information criteria, Ljung-Box Test, and RMSE. The results of the analysis prove that rainfall in Ambon City has a seasonal pattern.
The Effect of Climate on the Outbreak of Covid-19: A Review
Authors: Kirana Candra , Samsul  , Hapsir Hesty Yariska , Nurmalita Fitria , Tosepu Ramadhan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 causes various kinds of life problems, including the occurrence of a global health crisis, social, psychological problems, and a prolonged economic crisis. Climate-related dynamics have an impact on patterns of human health and disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of climate on the outbreak of COVID-19. This study used a literature review approach on research on climate and Covid-19, using the Google Scholar, Scienceirect. The article taken was original research in the recent year. It was found that the effect of climate change had a significant relation to the increase in Covid-19 cases. Therefore, it can be concluded that climate is a risk factor for increasing the outbreak of the Covid-19 Virus. However, one previous study predicted that with a mathematical model that included human demographic conditions and mobility, it was concluded that a tropical climate could help inhibit the oubreak of the virus because tropical climatic condition could make the virus more volatile.
Transportability From Randomized Trials to Clinical Care: On Initial HIV Treatment With Efavirenz and Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors
Authors: Mollan Katie R , Pence Brian W , Xu Steven , Edwards Jessie K , Mathews W Christopher , O’Cleirigh Conall , Crane Heidi M , Eaton Ellen F , Collier Ann C , Weideman Ann Marie K , Westreich Daniel , Cole Stephen R , Tierney Camlin , Bengtson Angela M ,   for the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn an analysis of randomized trials, use of efavirenz for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was associated with increased suicidal thoughts/behaviors. However, analyses of observational data have found no evidence of increased risk. To assess whether population differences might explain this divergence, we transported the effect of efavirenz use from these trials to a specific target population. Using inverse odds weights and multiple imputation, we transported the effect of efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors in these randomized trials (participants were enrolled in 2001–2007) to a trials-eligible cohort of US adults initiating antiretroviral therapy while receiving HIV clinical care at medical centers between 1999 and 2015. Overall, 8,291 cohort participants and 3,949 trial participants were eligible. Prescription of antidepressants (19% vs. 13%) and injection drug history (16% vs. 10%) were more frequent in the cohort than in the trial participants. Compared with the effect in trials, the estimated hazard ratio for efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors was attenuated in our target population (trials: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.4); transported: HR = 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.4)), whereas the incidence rate difference was similar (trials: HR = 5.1 (95% CI: 1.6, 8.7); transported: HR = 5.4 (95% CI: −0.4, 11.4)). In our target population, there was greater than 20% attenuation of the hazard ratio estimate as compared with the trials-only estimate. Transporting results from trials to a target population is informative for addressing external validity.
Black bear colour polymorphism through a fragmented Snell’s window
Authors: Reimchen Thomas E , Hunter Danial , Eggenberger Jakob H 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe white colour morph of the black bear (Ursus americanus kermodei) occurring on islands on the coast of British Columbia, western Canada, captures more salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) than does the black morph and is hypothesized to have reduced contrast against the sky from the visual perspective of the salmon. We tested this hypothesis in a natural salmon stream by recording the number and proximity of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) approaches (N = 1617 fish, 91 trials) towards life-size bear models differing in body and leg coloration under a mixed forest-sky canopy. Although salmon approached the white models at a much higher rate than black models, consistent with camouflage, we found greater abrupt evasions to the black models, largely independent of their contrast against the above-surface or below-surface backgrounds. Upward-facing sub-surface video-imaging through the rippled water-air interface indicated major visual fragmentation of the model’s integrity. We suggest that increased evasiveness to black models reflects an evolutionary response due to 3+ million years of trophic interaction between salmon and bears, and that the major differences between calm vs. rippled conditions through the optical cone (Snell’s window) at the water-air interface remains a largely unexplored theme in assessing foraging preferences and adaptive coloration within and among species using the water-air interface.
‘Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire’: Mauritian Social Workers’ Perspectives on Disaster Governance in Mauritius
Authors: Rambaree Komalsingh , Rambaree Brita Backlund 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMauritius, which is a Small Island Developing State with low economic resilience and limited capacity to deal with disasters, is currently trying to recover from two major disasters—COVID-19 and an oil spill caused by a shipwreck. This article aims to explore the Mauritian social workers’ perspectives on the disaster governance in relation to these double disasters. Data were collected from eighteen social workers using web-based/ online interview tools in September 2020. An abductive thematic network method based on governance network theory was used to analyse the collected data with the help of the ATLAS.ti software. In the findings, the perspectives of the respondents on the structures and mechanisms for disaster social work and the factors that affect disaster governance in Mauritius are presented and discussed. This article concludes that there is a lack of organised structures and mechanisms for disaster social work, and there is a need to promote good governance in disaster response in Mauritius.
To Shield or Not to Shield? There Should Be No Question—Black African Social Workers Experiences during COVID-19 in England
Authors: Tedam Prospera 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing three tenets of Critical Race Theory as the analytical lens, namely, counter story-telling, everyday racism and whiteness as privilege, this qualitative study examined the experiences of twenty Black African social workers during the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic in England. The findings suggest that there was a different and often less favourable application of the rules and policies for Black African social workers in relation to COVID-19 and in comparison to their White peers. In addition, Black African social workers expressed frustration about the inadequacy of risk assessments undertaken to gauge the level of risk posed by continuous engagement with service users. A strong recommendation for culturally responsive leadership is made alongside the need for managers, supervisors and employers to become allies to their staff from Black and other minority ethnic backgrounds.
PD-1 blockade prevents the progression of oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Dong Yunmei , Wang Zhen , Mao Fei , Cai Luyao , Dan Hongxia , Jiang Lu , Zeng Xin , Li Taiwen , Zhou Yu , Chen Qianming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the head and neck with a poor prognosis. Oral cancer development is a multistep process involving carcinogenesis. Though significant advances in cancer immunotherapy over the years, there is lack of evidence for T-cell exhaustion during oral carcinogenesis. Clinical specimens from healthy donors and patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia (OLK) or OSCC were collected for immunohistochemical staining with PD-L1, CD86, CD8, PD-1 and CTLA-4 antibodies. Meanwhile, chemically induced mouse models of oral carcinogenesis were constructed with 4-nitroquinolone-N-oxide induction. Exhaustion status of T cells was measured by flow cytometry for spleens and by multiplex immunohistochemistry for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lesions in multiple stages of oral carcinogenesis. The efficacy of PD-1 blockade with or without cisplatin treatment was evaluated on the mice in precancerous and OSCC stages. We observed higher expression of PD-1 in the human OLK and OSCC tissues compared with the normal, while low expression CTLA-4 in all oral mucosa tissues. Animal experiments showed that the exhausted CD4+ T cells existed much earlier than exhausted CD8+ T cells, and an increased ratio of stem-like exhausted T cells and partially exhausted T cells were detected in the experimental groups. Besides, the expression of immune checkpoint markers (PDCD1, CTLA4 and HAVCR2) was strongly positively correlated with cytokines (IFNG and IL-2). In summary, T-cell exhaustion plays a vital role in oral carcinogenesis, and PD-1 blockade can prevent the progression of oral carcinogenesis.
Sympathovagal imbalance decades after atrial septal defect repair: a long-term follow-up study
Authors: Alstrup Mathias , Karunanithi Zarmiga , Maagaard Marie Ø , Poulsen Steen H , Hjortdal Vibeke E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Recent evidence suggests that patients with a corrected atrial septal defect (ASD) have higher morbidity and mortality. An abnormal autonomic regulation of the heart may be a part of the explanation for this. Our objective was to study heart rate variability (HRV) in adults with a corrected ASD as a prominent tool to investigate the autonomic regulation of the heart.

METHODS
Autonomic cardiac function was investigated in adults with either a surgically closed or percutaneously closed ASD and healthy control subjects. A 48-h Holter monitor was performed on each participant and HRV was assessed.

RESULTS
A total of 17 patients with surgically closed ASDs, 18 percutaneously closed ASDs and 18 controls were included. The mean age in the surgical group, percutaneous group and controls was 32 ± 9, 28 ± 7 and 32 ± 10 years, respectively. The mean time since closure was 19 ± 8 years for the surgical group and 15 ± 5 years for the percutaneous group. The surgically closed ASD patients showed decreased HRV in all six parameters studied when compared to the controls. Similarly, the percutaneously closed ASDs showed decreased HRV in three out of six parameters when compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS
Adults with an ASD, whether closed surgically or percutaneously, have impaired HRV compared to their age- and sex-matched controls, more so in the patients with a surgically closed ASD.

Clinical trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03565471).