bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nf-Root: A Best-Practice Pipeline for Deep-Learning-Based Analysis of Apoplastic pH in Microscopy Images of Developmental Zones in Plant Root Tissue
Authors: Wanner Julian , Kuhn Cuellar Luis , Rausch Luiselotte , W. Berendzen Kenneth , Wanke Friederike , Gabernet Gisela , Harter Klaus , Nahnsen Sven 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hormonal mechanisms associated with cell elongation play a vital role in the development and growth of plants. Here, we report Nextflow-root (nf-root), a novel best-practice pipeline for deep-learning-based analysis of fluorescence microscopy images of plant root tissue from A. thaliana. This bioinformatics pipeline performs automatic identification of developmental zones in root tissue images. This also includes apoplastic pH measurements, which is useful for modeling hormone signaling and cell physiological responses. We show that this nf-core standard-based pipeline successfully automates tissue zone segmentation and is both high-throughput and highly reproducible. In short, a deep-learning module deploys deterministically trained convolutional neural network models and augments the segmentation predictions with measures of prediction uncertainty and model interpretability, while aiming to facilitate result interpretation and verification by experienced plant biologists. We observed a high statistical similarity between the manually generated results and the output of the nf-root.
Whole-grain modified Nova ultra-processed food definitions: a cross-sectional analysis of the impact on cardiometabolic risk measures when excluding high whole-grain foods from the ultra-processed food category in Australia
Authors: Price Elissa J. , Kissock Katrina R. , Barrett Eden M. , Batterham Marijka J. , Beck Eleanor J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPF), defined using the Nova classification system, are associated with increased chronic disease risk. More recently, evidence suggests the UPF subgroup of whole-grain breads and cereals is in fact linked with reduced chronic disease risk. This study aimed to explore associations of cardiometabolic risk measures with Nova UPF intake v. when foods with ≥ 25 or ≥ 50 % whole grains are excluded from the definition. We considered dietary data from the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012. Impacts on associations of UPF intake (quintiles) and cardiometabolic risk measures were analysed using regression models. The median proportion of UPF intake from high whole-grain foods was zero for all quintiles. Participants in the highest Nova UPF intake quintile had significantly higher weight (78·1 kg (0·6)), BMI (27·2 kg/m2 (0·2)), waist circumference (92·7 cm (0·5)) and weight-to-height ratio (0·55 (0·003)) compared with the lowest quintile (P< 0·05). Associations were the same when foods with ≥ 25 and ≥ 50 % whole grains were excluded. Adjusted R-squared values remained similar across all approaches for all outcomes. In Australia, high whole-grain foods considered UPF may not significantly contribute to deleterious cardiometabolic risk associations. Until conclusive evidence on Nova UPF is available, prioritisation should be given to the nutrient density of high whole-grain foods and their potential contribution to improving whole-grain intakes and healthful dietary patterns in Australia.
Environmental vertical management reform and data manipulation in the public sector: evidence from China
Authors: Xu Huange , Li Guangchen , Chen Bo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on monthly panel data from 2014 to 2020 and employing the staggered difference-in-differences (staggered DID) method, we examine the impact of environmental vertical management reform on data manipulation in the public sector. We reveal that environmental vertical management reform significantly reduces data manipulation in the public sector. Moderating effect analysis shows that economic growth targets weaken the inhibitory impact of this reform. Conversely, public environmental concerns could enhance the inhibitory impact of this reform on data manipulation. Mechanism analysis reveals that environmental vertical management reform works through strengthening grassroots environmental law enforcement. The increased independence of law-enforcing departments has reduced the tendency of local governments to engage in data manipulation.
Afterword: Tourism and Empire
Authors: Zuelow Eric G. E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This afterword provides a critical examination of the historical connections between tourism and empire. To contextualise this discussion, a concise overview is provided of the history of tourism, its entanglements with empire and expansion into a truly global industry in the modern era. This is followed by an analysis that draws on the articles making up this special issue in order to highlight their contributions and connections to the most recent wider literature and in particular the significant themes raised that have thus far been underrepresented in the nascent historiography on tourism and empire. The afterword finishes by providing a strong argument for the necessity of continuing this line of investigation further, with a particular emphasis on the need to understand the double role of tourism as both an instrument of imperial oppression, as well as a site of localised forms of agency and contestation.
A dangerous preposition: The boundaries of mathematics
Authors: Steingart Alma 
Published: December 2024

ArgumentThis essay takes inspiration from Herbert Mehrtens’ 1995 claim that the “history of mathematics is an integral part of intellectual history.” It asks why, despite the tremendous transformation the historiography of mathematics has undergone since the field began to professionalize in the 1970s, historians of mathematics repeatedly complain that their field has been marginalized. The answer, I suggest, is not due to the fact that mathematics is less amenable to the types of social, cultural, or material analysis that came to dominate the history of science in recent decades. Rather, at issue is that most historians have adopted mathematicians’ own definition of mathematics. The history of mathematics professionalized at a particular moment, one in which mathematicians were concerned about the limits and boundaries of their field. As such, they were invested in drawing boundaries around the “proper” confines of the field. Historians of mathematics have followed suit, and similarly restricted what did and did not belong in the history of mathematics. Following Mehrtens, however, and insisting that the history of mathematics is an integral part of broader intellectual history, a more capacious conception of the field is possible.
Training Children for Prehospital Aquatic Interventions: Assessing Throwing Skills Using Traditional and Alternative Materials in a Simulated Water Rescue
Authors: Peixoto-Pino Lucía , Barcala-Furelos Roberto , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , Gómez-Silva Adrián , Rico-Díaz Javier , Rodríguez-Núñez Antonio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground:Drowning remains a significant cause of mortality among children world-wide, making prevention strategies crucial. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends training children in safe rescue techniques, including the use of basic skills such as throwing floating objects. This study aims to address a knowledge gap regarding the throwing capabilities of children aged six to twelve using conventional and alternative water rescue materials.Method:A total of 374 children aged six to twelve years participated in the study, including both males and females. A randomized crossover approach was used to compare throws with conventional rescue material (ring buoy and rescue tube) to an alternative material (polyethylene terephthalate [PET]-bottle). Throwing distance and accuracy were assessed based on age, sex, and the type of rescue tools used.Results:Children of all ages were able to throw the PET-bottle significantly farther than both the ring buoy (P <.001; d = 1.19) and the rescue tube (P <.001; d = 0.60). There were no significant differences (P = .414) in the percentage of children who managed to throw each object accurately.Conclusion:Conventional rescue materials, particularly the ring buoy, may not be well-suited for long-distance throws by children. In contrast, lighter and smaller alternatives, such as PET-bottles, prove to be more adaptable to children’s characteristics, enabling them to achieve greater throwing distances. The emphasis on cost-effective and easily accessible alternatives should be implemented in drowning prevention programs or life-saving courses delivered to children.
Solar cycle variability induced by stochastic fluctuations of BMR properties and at different amounts of dynamo supercriticality
Authors: Kumar Pawan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the irregular variation of the solar cycle is crucial due to its significant impact on global climates and the heliosphere. Since the polar magnetic field determines the amplitude of the next solar cycle, variations in the polar field can lead to fluctuations in the solar cycle. We have explored the variability of the solar cycle at different levels of dynamo supercriticality. We observe that the variability depends on the dynamo operation regime, with the near-critical regime exhibiting more variability than the supercritical regime. Furthermore, we have explored the effects of the irregular BMR properties (emergence rate, latitude, tilt, and flux) on the polar field and the solar cycle. We find that they all produce considerable variation in the solar cycle; however, the variation due to the tilt scatter is the largest.
Property and use in the access economy
Authors: Kreiczer-Levy Shelly 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article analyses shifts in consumers’ preferred forms of use following the rise of the access economy and evaluates the subversive potential of access as a non-hierarchical, open form of use. Access consists of an aggregation of multiple licenses that amounts to a consistent form of use and has social, cultural and legal implications. My definition of ‘access’ focusses on material practices of property rather than on formal legal categories, and I compare access to both formal and informal forms of long-term use. I explore themes of power and vulnerability and individualism and communities and consider whether access merely adds to the property landscape or provokes contested forms of use. The article reveals the complex relationships between ownership (and other forms of long-term possession) and access, as access both challenges ownership and reinforces its power. Ultimately, I conclude that access fails to achieve its subversive potential.
Auswirkungen der Klimakrise auf die Gesundheit und Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Holzinger Dirk 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Klimakrise ist die größte Bedrohung für die globale Gesundheit im 21. Jahrhundert und gefährdet die Gesundheit über vielfältige Expositionswege. Fragestellung: Die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen gilt in der Klimakrise als besonders vulnerabel. Auf welche Weise und in welchem Umfang wird die kindliche Gesundheit dadurch gefährdet? Methode: Darstellung des aktuellen Wissenstandes in Form eines narrativen Übersichtsartikels. Ergebnisse: Die Klimakrise gefährdet Gesundheit und Entwicklung über direkte (z. B. Hitze und Überflutungen) sowie über indirekte Wege (z. B. Luftverschmutzung und mentale Belastung). Dabei werden Kinder in ihren Entwicklungsschritten von der Pränatalzeit bis zu Adoleszenz auf unterschiedliche Weise beeinträchtigt. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Klimakrise ist eine fundamentale Bedrohung für die kindliche Gesundheit. Daher sind rasche und umfassende Maßnahmen aller Gesundheitsberufe zum Erhalt kindlicher Gesundheit notwendig.
Synthesizing Spatiotemporal Structures of the North Atlantic Tripole
Authors: Pujiana Kandaga , Dong Shenfu , Volkov Denis , Goni Gustavo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe interannual‐to‐decadal variability of sea surface temperature and height in the North Atlantic exhibits a tripolar pattern. Here, we explore the spatiotemporal structure, including the vertical, of the North Atlantic tripole using observations and reanalysis data in 1993–2021. For the first time, we demonstrate that the tripole's vertical structure across the Mid‐Atlantic Bight continental shelf and slope differs from that in the ocean interior. The tripole strongly projects in the Slope Water north of the Gulf Stream mean path, marked with temperature changes across the water column not maintained by air‐sea heat flux. Over the shelf, the tripole‐associated sea level, temperature, and ocean current are weak. In the ocean interior, the tripole temperature variability is apparent in the upper 100 m in the tropics and three times as deep in the subtropics. The tripole imprints resemble those of the North Atlantic Oscillation, peaking after the dominant atmospheric mode's winter maximum.
Enhanced Precipitation of Energetic Protons Due to Uranus' Asymmetric Magnetic Field
Authors: Acevski M. , Masters A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUranus remains one of the most unexplored planets in our solar system, featuring a distinctive magnetic field structure first observed by NASA's Voyager 2 mission almost 40 years ago. Uranus is particularly notable for its pronounced magnetic field asymmetry, a characteristic unique to the icy giants. Here we show that, in the region where Voyager 2 did not pass (), the asymmetric magnetic field can distort the trajectories of high energy protons within Uranus' radiation belts such that the particles hit the planet when they otherwise would not have (in a traditional dipole field). This implies that radiation belt protons which start with pitch angles well outside their respective loss cones can drift into a region where the loss cone is much bigger and then precipitate. This occurs preferentially in the magnetic north pole due to its significantly weaker surface field strength.
On the Identification of the Dayside Auroral Region Using Incoherent Scatter Radar
Authors: Frøystein Ingeborg , Spicher Andres , Gustavsson Björn , Oksavik Kjellmar , Johnsen Magnar Gullikstad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a robust method combining electron temperatures and density to identify the winter dayside auroral region in Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) observations. In literature, a common proxy for identifying the dayside auroral region has been enhanced electron temperatures at high altitudes. However, is intimately related to and their relationship is not completely settled. In this study, the relation between , , and the precipitation heat source is quantified. Using ESR fast elevation scans in the winter dayside auroral region, the intimate relationship between these three parameters is investigated. decreases roughly linearly with exponentially increasing , irrespective of the heat source. Precipitation creates a heated population with above roughly 2,000 K (i.e., 500–1,300 K higher than the background plasma). Several extensions to the purely based method were examined, and it is found that combining and yields consistent boundaries when compared to magnetic disturbance data from Swarm satellites and 6,300 Å auroral observations. Future applications of characterizing ionospheric dynamics are discussed.
Ferrous Iron (Fe+2) Released From Iron‐Rich Chlorite as a Reductant for Unconformity‐Related Uranium Mineralization: Insights From Reactive Fluid Flow Modeling
Authors: Wu Mingqian , Qiu Kunfeng , Yang Jianwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDebate continues over the reducing mechanisms for the formation of unconformity‐related uranium (URU) deposits. This paper evaluates, for the first time, the potential of iron‐rich chlorite as a reductant for uranium mineralization using reactive fluid flow modeling method. Our results confirm that Fe2+, released from the breakdown of iron‐rich chlorite, can reduce aqueous hexavalent uranium to precipitate economically significant URU deposits similar in size and grade to those formed with CH4 as the reducing agent. The resulting uranium mineralization tends to occur in the basement and below the downwelling parts of overlying basinal fluid circulation cells, where oxidizing basinal fluid percolates across the unconformity and reacts with upward flowing reducing basement brine. Therefore, the basinal fluid circulation pattern controlled by the permeability of the sandstone aquifer is critical in determining the formation and distribution of URU deposits. When the sandstone layer is more permeable, the simulated uranium deposits become larger in size, and vice versa. If the sandstone permeability is <5 × 10−14 m2, no obvious uranium deposits can be formed. In contrast, the permeability of fault zones does not have a significant effect on uranium mineralization, although it does affect fluid flow behaviors within the fault zone itself. We also demonstrate that fault zones do not appear to be a prerequisite for the formation of URU deposits when Fe+2 serves as a reductant, which highlights important exploration implications. Uranium exploration should, in addition to continuing to target graphitic fault zones, also consider areas where faults and/or graphite units do not exist.
Remote Precipitation Events Over South China Related to the Bay of Bengal Tropical Cyclones During the Pre‐Summer Rainy Season
Authors: Fan Xiaoting , Li Ying , Wei Na , An Pengchao , Liu Beiyao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) originating in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) can induce heavy rainfall in remote South China, primarily due to the abundant tropical moisture transporting from the vicinity of BOB TCs. This study analyzes 28 TC remote precipitation (TRP) events occurring over South China during the pre‐summer rainy season (April to June) from 1979 to 2021, from a synoptic climatology perspective. On average, TRP events persisted for about 3 days, with primary precipitation centers identified in northeastern Guangxi Province, central and coastal areas of Guangdong Province, and the region from western Fujian to central Jiangxi, resulting in above‐normal rainfall intensity in northern South China. Employing the objective classification method of the self‐organizing map, we identified three key configurations conducive to TRP occurrence, including synoptic patterns dominated by BOB TCs in conjunction with the southern branch trough (P1), the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH, P2), or the prevailing southwest monsoon (P3). P1 and P2 exhibited three precipitation centers similar to those in the overall TRP events, while P3 corresponded to weaker precipitation due to less pronounced frontogenesis, with its center located in the southern warm‐sector region of South China. Additionally, the stronger and more northerly WPSH in P2 caused a northward shift in the water vapor flux reaching South China compared to P1, enhancing the precipitation in northern South China. This study extends the perspective of TRP events in subtropical regions, holding significant implications for weather forecasts in downstream regions affected by BOB TCs.
Fiber optics-based surface enhanced Raman Spectroscopy sensors for rapid multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens in raw poultry
Authors: Abuhelwa Mai , Singh Arshdeep , Liu Jiayu , Almalaysha Mohammed , Carlson Anna V. , Trout Kate E. , Morey Amit , Kinzel E. , Channaiah Lakshmikantha H. , Almasri Mahmoud 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA new high-sensitivity, low-cost, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) sensor allows for the rapid multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens in raw poultry. Self-assembled microspheres are used to pattern a hexagonal close-packed array of nanoantennas onto a side-polished multimode fiber core. Each microsphere focuses UV radiation to a photonic nanojet within a layer of photoresist on the fiber which allows the nanoantenna geometry to be controlled. Optimizing the geometry for the excitation layer generates electric field concentrations− referred to as a hotspot− within the analyte, thereby maximizing the Raman signal and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The side polished configuration with a larger surface area has significantly better performance than the SERS sensor on the fiber tip. The use of additive manufacturing for the fiber polishing jigs as well as the sample testing compartment simplifies the sensor development and testing. Experimental results demonstrate a sensitivity range of 0.4–0.5 cells/ml achieved using raw chicken rinsates spiked with Salmonella typhimurium. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated its capability for multiplex and specific detection of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 with an optimal detection time of 10 min. The new sensor addresses a major global foodborne pathogen that poses significant public health concerns and can be readily adapted for the detection of other bacterial and viral pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, Listeria, and avian influenza and in other food products, e.g., dairy, beef, and produce, as well as clinical applications.
A 14 μHz/√Hz resolution and 32 μHz bias instability MEMS quartz resonant accelerometer with a low-noise oscillating readout circuit
Authors: Bu Kai , Li Cun , Xue Hong , Li Bo , Zhao Yulong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA differential microelectromechanical system (MEMS) quartz resonant accelerometer with a novel oscillating readout circuit is proposed. The phase noise in a piezoelectric quartz resonant accelerometer has been systematically investigated. A high-performance front-end is used to extract the motional charge from a piezoelectric quartz resonator for the first time. This topology eliminates the tradeoff between the gain, bandwidth, and noise of the traditional front-end. The proposed bandpass front-end provides a 14.5 M gain at the oscillation frequency with a phase drift of 0.04°, ensuring a high-quality factor for the quartz resonator. The proposed bandpass front end also achieves input-referred current noise as low as 30.5 fA/√Hz, which helps improve the bias instability and resolution of the accelerometer. An anti-aliasing phase shifter is designed to regulate the loop bandwidth and compensate for additional phase drifts. To reduce the flicker noise introduced by the nonlinear effect, an amplitude limiter is used to set the resonator operating point. The accelerometer achieves a frequency resolution of 14 μHz/√Hz and bias instability of 32 μHz with a ± 70 g full scale, 54.5 Hz/g scale factor, and 552 Hz bandwidth.
Broadscale dampening of uncertainty adjustment in the aging brain
Authors: Kosciessa Julian Q. , Mayr Ulrich , Lindenberger Ulman , Garrett Douglas D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe ability to prioritize among input features according to relevance enables adaptive behaviors across the human lifespan. However, relevance often remains ambiguous, and such uncertainty increases demands for dynamic control. While both cognitive stability and flexibility decline during healthy ageing, it is unknown whether aging alters how uncertainty impacts perception and decision-making, and if so, via which neural mechanisms. Here, we assess uncertainty adjustment across the adult lifespan (N = 100; cross-sectional) via behavioral modeling and a theoretically informed set of EEG-, fMRI-, and pupil-based signatures. On the group level, older adults show a broad dampening of uncertainty adjustment relative to younger adults. At the individual level, older individuals whose modulation more closely resembled that of younger adults also exhibit better maintenance of cognitive control. Our results highlight neural mechanisms whose maintenance plausibly enables flexible task-set, perception, and decision computations across the adult lifespan.