bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overuse Tendinitis of the Intrinsic Muscles
Authors: Silver Julie K , Rozmaryn Leo M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Repetitive strain injuries are currently the leading cause of occupational illnesses. This report describes seven patients who presented with the sole symptom of hand pain and subsequently were diagnosed with intrinsic tendinitis. Six of the 7 patients were given injections of a local anesthetic and steroid solution into the region of the lumbrical tunnels for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. All 6 patients had immediate short-term resolution of their symptoms in the office, thereby confirming the diagnosis. Complete resolution of symptoms after both the injection and other treatment interventions occurred in 4 patients, and partial resolution of symptoms occurred in the remaining two patients. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 20 months for 6 patients, and the seventh patient was lost to follow-up. The clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, and treatment of intrinsic tendinitis are described.
Piriformis Syndrome: Assessment of Current Practice and Literature Review
Authors: Silver Julie K , Leadbetter Wayne B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although piriformis syndrome was initially described in 1928, it has remained a nebulous and controversial diagnosis. A literature review reveals that there is no consensus on the diagnosis or treatment of piriformis syndrome. In addition, a survey of 75 physiatrists revealed that whether the diagnosis of piriformis syndrome even exists is controversial. This survey and literature review examines the diagnosis and treatment of piriformis syndrome. The fact that It remains controversial is likely due to a lack of objective clinical trials.
Influence of Anteroposterior and Mediolateral Instability on Range of Motion After Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Ultrasonographic Study
Authors: Itokazu Mansho , Masuda Kazuaki , Wada Eiji , Ohno Takatoshi , Yoshida Minoru , Takatu Toshiro 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ultrasonographicaliy, the femoral component and the tibial plate of total knee prostheses are strongly echogenic, while the high-density polyethylene insert is hypoechoic. This study evaluated the influence of mediolateral and anteroposterior stability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on range of motion using realtime monitoring with ultrasound. Mediolateral stress translation, which is increased by horizontal resection of more bone at the ends of the femur or tibia for easy prosthesis implantation, was examined on coronal scans at the level of the collateral ligaments. Anteroposterior drawer was examined on sagittal scans at the level of the patellar tendon. Mediolateral translation (0-10 mm; mean 2.24 mm) did not correlate with range of motion, white anteroposterior drawer (2-10 mm, mean 5.05 mm) correlated well with range of motion.
These ultrasonographic findings suggest that horizontal over-resection of the ends of the femur and tibia contributed to joint laxity, which would not result in better ROM. Rollback and sliding of the femoral component on the tibia, which is believed to be correlated with anteroposterior drawer, may be important in achieving better range of motion and obtaining excellent results in TKA.
Comparison of Ender Nails, Dynamic Hip Screws, and Gamma Nails in the Treatment of Peritrochanteric Femoral Fractures
Authors: Habernek Hans , Wallner Thomas , Aschauer Erwin , Schmid Lothar 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three hundred seventy-six patients with peritrochanteric fractures treated over a 1 0-year period were reviewed. In 85 patients treated with Ender nailing, the most frequent complications were leg shortening (34), external rotation failure (21), and postoperative distal gliding of the nails (7). In 1 83 patients treated with dynamic hip screws or a 95° condylar or a 1 30° blade plate, 3 presented with infection, 5 with instability, and 4 with femoral head necrosis. In 105 patients treated with Gamma nailing, the most serious complications were infections (3), inward rotation failure (2), postoperative bleeding at the insertion site (2), and shaft fracture (1).
Because of its inherent instability, Ender nailing is no longer used. The implantation technique for the dynamic hip screw is safer and simpler than the various models of the ASIF blade plate. However, the dynamic hip screw has been superseded by the Gamma nail because of its absolute stability. In the beginning, Gamma nailing was technically more demanding with a higher number of intraoperative complications. In this study, the number of malalignments did not differ siginificantly between the dynamic hip screw (14) and the Gamma nail (11), but was high with Ender nailing (56).
Musculoskeletal Trauma in Tobacco Farming
Authors: Pugh K J , Pienkowski D , Gorczyca J T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The incidence of musculoskeletal injury sustained during tobacco farming has been poorly documented. Using the trauma registry for all farm-related injuries occurring during a 1 6-month period, hospital charts, radiographs, and clinic charts were reviewed to identify those patients sustaining tobacco farming-related injury.
Twenty-three of 24 persons who sustained a farm-related injury during the study period were injured while farming tobacco. Seventeen (74%) were injured in falls from vented tobacco-drying barns, and 18 (75%) sustained skeletal injury. Extreme heat, humidity, and poor barn design and maintenance contribute to the incidence of falling. These injuries, largely underreported, may be substantially reduced by improvements in barn design and construction.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of Internal Fixation for Ankle Arthrodesis Comparing Two Methods of Joint Surface Preparation
Authors: Miller Richard A , Firoozbakhsh Keikhosrow , Veitch Andrew J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study compared the biomechanics of two methods of joint preparation for ankle fusion with internal fixation. In the first method, the articular cartilage of the ankle joint was removed leaving the joint contour intact. In the second method, parallel flat saw cuts were used to prepare the joint surface for fusion. The specimens were loaded submaximally in a cyclic repetitive fashion before they were loaded to failure. Increasing joint motion occurred as the number of cycles increased. The difference between the two specimen types was not statistically significant during the repetitive tests or when loaded to failure. These results demonstrate both techniques of joint preparation studied are useful and biomechanically sound.
The Effect of Isometric Graft Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Anterior Tibial Translation
Authors: Pearsall Albert W , Mayeux Ray H , Mukerjee Debi P , Albright James A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eight fresh-frozen cadaver knees were studied to evaluate whether an isometrically placed posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft restores normal posterior tibial translation without overconstraining anterior tibial translation. Each knee was tested with a three-axis load cell in the intact state, after PCL sectioning, and after PCL reconstruction. After PCL reconstruction, posterior tibial displacement was restored to values observed in the intact state for all flexion angles except 60° and 90°. Anterior tibial translation was not significantly changed for any of the three states. These results indicate isometric reconstruction of the PCL significantly reduces posterior tibial translation without overconstraining anterior tibial translation.
COX-2 Specific Inhibitors Offer Improved Advantages Over Traditional NSAIDs
Authors: Urban Michael K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely prescribed medications worldwide and are often the first choice of treatment for acute myalgias, orthopedic injuries, postoperative pain, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. The mechanism through which NSAIDs provide analgesia and suppress inflammation is the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, resulting in decreased prostaglandin synthesis. The suppression of prostaglandin synthesis can also produce gastric and renal toxicity, as well as impair normal platelet function. Thus, NSAIDs are associated with potentially harmful side effects.
Cyclooxygenase exists in two isoenzymatic forms, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1 ) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). Cyclooxygenase-1 appears to be constitutively expressed in many tissues and produces prostaglandins, which regulate normal cellular functions. However, COX-2 activity is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and produces prostaglandins that mediate the inflammatory response and pain signaling transmission. Traditional nonspecific NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, and in doing so, not only decrease inflammation and pain, but also promote gastrointestinal tract damage and bleeding. The potential clinical benefit of COX-2 inhibitors is significant due to the number of patients chronically treated with NSAIDs and the three- to ten-fold higher risk of gastrointestinal injury and death associated with traditional NSAIDs.
Recently, a class of anti-inflammatory medications has been developed that primarily inhibits COX-2 while sparing the enzymatic activity of COX-1 at therapeutic dosages. Two medications that predominantly inhibit only COX-2, rofecoxib and celecoxib, are currently available by prescription in the United States.
Use of COX-2 Specific Inhibitors in Operative and Nonoperative Management of Patients With Arthritis
Authors: Goodman Stuart B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Arthritis is a major burden on society and the individual. Arthritis affects all age groups and races, and is more prevalent in women than men by approximately 1.65:1. Nearly one half of people aged 5=65 years report the presence of arthritic symptoms; however, by no means is arthritis a disease of only the elderly. The burden of arthritis will continue to increase due to expected future increases in the size and age of the general population. Currently, the total costs of medical care and lost wages due to arthritis are in excess of $64 billion per year in the United States.
For the individual, arthritis may cause substantial pain, impair mobility, curtail physical activity, and have a negative impact on mental health. The two most common forms of arthritis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, have major health complications. From the perspective of the orthopedic surgeon, the aim of treatment of arthritic conditions includes early, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to minimize pain and maximize function.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used as part of the medical management of patients with arthritis. These medications are effective in mitigating pain and inflammation associated with arthritis. However, side effects (most notably of the gastrointestinal tract) have limited the more widespread use of NSAIDs. The newer cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have proven to be efficacious and have demonstrated fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects. Furthermore, COX-2 inhibitors do not appear to adversely affect platelet function. For these reasons, consideration may be given to using COX-2 perioperatively, however, drug interactions must be closely monitored.
Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing in Distal Tibial Fractures
Authors: Tyllianakis Minos , Megas Panagiotis , Giannikas Dimitrios , Lambiris Elias 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This retrospective study examined the results of nonpilon fractures of the distal part of the tibia treated with interlocking intramedullary nailing. Seventy-three patients with equal numbers of fractures treated surgically between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed. Mean patient age was 39.8 years, and follow-up averaged 34.2 months. The AO fracture classification system was used. Concomitant fractures of the lateral malleolus were fixed. All but three fractures achieved union within 4.2 months on average. Satisfactory or excellent results were obtained in 86.3% of patients. These results indicate interlocking intramedullary nailing is a reliable method of treatment for these fractures and is characterized by high rates of union and a low incidence of complications.
Osteosynthesis and Allogeneic Bone Grafting in Complex Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Kuokkanen H , Räty S , Korkala O , Niskanen R , Syrjänen K J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Thirty patients with osteoporotic fractures were treated operatively. An allogeneic bone transplant was used in combination with a conventional osteosynthesis in each patient. The bone graft was pulverized in a bone mill and used as a substitute graft to fill the bone defect, add stability, and enhance bone union. Fractures healed without complications in 20 patients. The osteosynthesis failed in 4 patients. The fracture failed to unite in an additional 3 patients. One deep infection occurred. A biopsy taken from the allogeneic bone at plate removal after fracture union demonstrated mature bone and new bone formation. The use of pulverized allograft bone for large bone defects in patients with osteoporotic fractures yields acceptable results with no adverse effects.
Tosic External Fixator in the Management of Proximal Tibial Fractures in Adults
Authors: Tosic Aleksandar , Ebraheim Nabil A , Chakra Iman Abou , Emara Khaled 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This retrospective clinical study assessed proximal tibial fractures managed with the Tosic external fixator. Nineteen patients with 21 proximal tibial fractures treated with the Tosic external fixator between July 1997 and October 1998 comprised the study population. Eleven fractures were graded as 41A2, 3 fractures as 41A3, 4 fractures as 41C1, and 3 fractures as 41C2. Fourteen fractures were closed, and 7 fractures were open. Average time to healing was 17 weeks. No revision of fixation was needed. There were five cases of pin tract infection. Average range of knee motion was 2°-135°. These results indicate the Tosic external fixator is an efficient and simple way to treat proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures.
Long-Term Local Intensive Preoperative Chemotherapy and Joint-Preserving Conservative Surgery for Osteosarcoma Around the Knee
Authors: Abe Satoshi , Tateishi Akio , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Ganev Gerson Gandhi , Nakano Hirotaka 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated conservative joint-sparing surgery for patients with osteosarcoma around the knee. Of 23 patients with stage IIB osteosarcoma around the knee, 5 were treated with long-term (30-56 weeks) local intensive preoperative chemotherapy consisting of high-dose methotrexate, intra-arterial and intravenous cisplatinum, doxorubicin, and hyperthermic isolated regional perfusion. More conservative resection, sparing the knee joint, was performed with smaller sufficient surgical margin in these 5 patients, preserving good limb function. Excellent local effects were achieved in the resected specimens. These results suggest long-term local intensive preoperative chemotherapy, including intra-arterial cisplatin and hyperthermic isolated regional perfusion, help control local tumor and allow for more conservative surgery.
Tension-Band Arthrodesis of the Small Joints of the Hand
Authors: Stahl Shalom , Rozen Nimrod 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A review of 72 cases of tension-band arthrodesis in the small joints of the digits was conducted. Fusion was achieved in all joints with no complications apart from 2 cases of superficial infection. No failure of the hardware was noted, although hardware was removed in 5 patients after fusion was attained due to technical failure or pain. This technique provides immediate skeletal stability, thereby facilitating early digital motion and recovery.
Predicting the Rotationally Neutral State of the Femur by Comparing the Shape of the Contralateral Lesser Trochanter
Authors: Kim Jung-Jae , Kim Eugene , Kim Key-Yong 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The rotationally neutral state of the femur was measured by comparing the shape of the contralateral lesser trochanter in 1 00 adults. Three observers predicted a position presumed to be neutral by comparing the shape of the neutrally positioned contralateral lesser trochanter previously recorded by C-arm image intensification. The mean (SD) angular discrepancy between the neutral point and the predicted angle was 3.4° (±2.4) without interobserver variation (P=.87). Seventyseven percent indicated the value within 4°, and none of the observations exceeded 15°. These findings suggest the outline of the contralateral lesser trochanter may be a useful reference during surgical treatment of femoral fractures to minimize rotational deformity.
Patterns of Job Search and Mobility Among Nurse Educators
Authors: Lenz Elizabeth R , Waltz Carolyn F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the results of a survey of job search and mobility among 790 faculty in baccalaureate and higher degree nursing programs in the South. The study examined activities which nursing educators carried out in seeking their present positions, the sources from which they gained information, and the characteristics which they considered most important in the decision to accept or leave a position.
Slightly fewer than half of the educators actively sought their present position; the remainder were recruited by the institution or learned of the availability of the position by chance. The modal job search pattern was to contact the institution directly without knowing whether any opportunities were available, then to seek additional information via discussions with friends and colleagues, visits to the institution and review of documents. Salary, geographical location, administrative leadership style, and the school's reputation were the most important factors in choosing the present position.
The decision to leave the previous job was related primarily to a desire for geographical mobility or career advancement and tended not to be motivated by dissatisfaction. Those planning to leave their present position rated salary, location of the school and leadership style of the administrator as the most important determinants of their decision to leave. Implications of the findings for faculty recruitment and retention are discussed.
The Impact of Nursing Education on Ethical/Moral Decision Making
Authors: Felton Gwen M , Parsons Mary Ann 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A study of 227 baccalaureate and 111 master's nursing students was conducted to determine the influence of the level of formal education on three selected factors: ethical/ moral reasoning, attribution of responsibility, and ethical/ moral dilemma resolution. Moral development theory and Heider's attribution of responsibility construct provided the theoretical framework. A comparison of the overall index of ethical/moral reasoning showed that graduate students reasoned at a higher level than undergraduate students. The amount of attribution of responsibility assigned and the dilemma resolution score did not differ for the two groups.
The results of this study suggest that undergraduate and graduate nursing programs must place more emphasis on identifying dilemmas, increasing ethical/moral reasoning levels and attributing responsibility in a justifiable manner. Nurse researchers must continue to study how nurses respond in dilemma situations and how personal characteristics, factors in the environment, education, and the assignment of responsibility affect nurses' ability to resolve ethical/moral dilemmas.
Effects of a Training Model on Active Listening Skills of Post-RN Students
Authors: Olson Joanne K , Iwasiw Carroll L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of a training module on the active listening skills of non-degree registered nurses. Active listening skills were defined as understanding what another person is saying and feeling and then communicating this understanding of his thoughts and feelings back to him. The sample consisted of 26 postdiploma RNs registered in the first year of a baccalaureate degree nursing program. Pretraining and posttraining data were collected when subjects verbally responded to two portions of the Behavioral Test of Interpersonal Skills for Health Professionals (BTIS). Subjects were audiotaped while responding and tapes were scored using BTIS guidelines. Paired t-tests were used to determine differences between pretraining and posttraining scores. Active listening scores increased significantly (p_< .0005) while attempts to suppress or discount speakers' feelings decreased significantly (2<-005). A six-hour training session significantly increased active listening skills.
Ten Criteria for Evaluating Qualitative Research Proposals
Authors: Cobb Ann Kuckelman , Hagemaster Julia Nelson 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
With the proliferation of interest in qualitative research in nursing comes the attendant problem of how to evaluate it appropriately. Qualitative research has its own unique history, philosophical foundations, and methodologies that separate it from the quantitative approach. Although the literature is crowded with guidelines for evaluating the latter, little is offered for the qualitative reviewer. The Research Proposal Evaluation Form: Qualitative Methodology is a partial solution to this dilemma. It provides a framework for critiquing the proposal phase of a qualitative study and can be an important guide both for the educator and for the novice researcher.
The Relationship of Hardiness and Social Support to Student Appraisal of Stress in an Initial Clinical Nursing Situation
Authors: Pagana Kathleen Deska 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The stressful nature of the clinical experience of nursing students was examined within the context of Lazarus' theory of cognitive appraisal of stress. The students' evaluation of their initial medical-surgical clinical experience as a threat or a challenge was determined along with the hypothesized mediating variables of hardiness and social support. The sample of 246 students from seven different colleges and universities in Pennsylvania completed a hardiness measure, the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ), and a Clinical Stress Questionnaire (CSQ).
Although the correlations were low, hardiness was found to be positively related to the evaluation of challenge and negatively related to the evaluation of threat. Social support was positively related to the evaluation of challenge only when using a work-related measure of support. The hypothesis that social support would be negatively related to the evaluation of threat was not supported. This research raises important questions related to the theories of hardiness, social support, and cognitive appraisal of stress. Implications for further research in this area are offered.
Self-Care Deficit Theory and Nursing Diagnosis: A Test of Conceptual Fit
Authors: Jenny Jean 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Conceptual frameworks and nursing diagnoses represent recent additions to nursing's theoretical base, but their relationship and potential to interface has not been explored. This study describes the results of 130 registered nurse baccalaureate students' integration of current North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) nursing diagnoses into major concepts of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory (SCDT). It identifies areas of agreement and difficulty inherent in this challenge, and suggests directions for needed theoretical work.