bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Barisone Michela , Hayter Mark , Ghirotto Luca , Catania Gianluca , Zanini Milko , Dal Molin Alberto , Sasso Loredana , Bagnasco Annamaria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe indication for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) to prevent sudden death is now consolidated. However, there is no unanimous agreement on how patients experience certain aspects of their lives after an ICD implant. Various clinical studies have evaluated the impact of ICDs on patient mortality, survival, and their beneficial effects. Given the growing number of qualitative studies, a synthesis of qualitative evidence became desirable.AimsTo explore and synthesize the results of qualitative studies addressing the experiences of patients with an ICD.MethodsWe employed a systematic review and meta-synthesis. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were systematically searched to identify qualitative studies published between January 2005 and October 2020, which investigate the experience of patients living with an ICD. Selected studies were assessed for quality by two reviewers independently.ResultsA total of 24 papers were selected. Six themes emerged: fear and insecurity, the need for information, new impacts on life, living with ICD shocks, gender differences, and the role of the family. These results could help clinicians and researchers to develop new strategies and interventions to improve the quality of life in these patients.ConclusionThis meta-synthesis underlines the difficulties experienced by patients with ICD implants. Despite the advanced therapeutic management programmes for this type of intervention, it is necessary to adopt and implement the current post-discharge care plans, where the family’s involvement is essential to help patients adapt to their new lifestyle.
Late-Onset Calorie Restriction Worsens Cognitive Performances and Increases Frailty Level in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Prvulovic Milica R , Milanovic Desanka J , Vujovic Predrag Z , Jovic Milena S , Kanazir Selma D , Todorovic Smilja T , Mladenovic Aleksandra N 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current study aims to determine the potential benefits of calorie restriction (CR), one of the most promising paradigms for life span and healthspan extension, on cognitive performances in female Wistar rats during aging. As a measure of a healthspan, we evaluated the effects of different onset and duration of CR on frailty level. Female Wistar rats were exposed to either ad libitum (AL) or CR (60% of AL daily intake) food intake during aging. Two different CR protocols were used, life-long CR with an early-onset that started at the adult stage (6 months) and 3-month-long CR, started at the middle (15 months) and late-middle (21 months) age, thus defined as a late-onset CR. The effects of CR were evaluated using open-field, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests. We broadened 2 tools for frailty assessment currently in use for experimental animals, and in alignment with our previous study, we created a physical–cognitive frailty tool that combines both physical and cognitive performances. Our results clearly showed that CR effects are highly dependent on CR duration and onset. While a life-long restriction with an early-onset has been proven as protective and beneficial, short-term restriction introduced at late age significantly worsens an animal’s behavior and frailty. These results complement our previous study conducted in males and contribute to the understanding of sex differences in a response to CR during aging.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a 3-Dose Regimen of a SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial
Authors: Liu Jiankai , Huang Baoying , Li Guifan , Chang Xianyun , Liu Yafei , Chu Kai , Hu Jialei , Deng Yao , Zhu Dandan , Wu Jingliang , Zhang Li , Wang Meng , Huang Weijin , Pan Hongxing , Tan Wenjie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic needs effective vaccines.

Methods
In a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 500 adults aged 18–59 years or ≥60 years were randomized in 2:2:1 ratio to receive 3 doses of 5 μg or 10 μg of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, or placebo separated by 28 days. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded through day 28 after each dosing. Live virus or pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies, and receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G (RBD-IgG) antibody were tested after the second and third doses.

Results
Two doses of the vaccine elicited geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 102–119, 170–176, and 1449–1617 for the 3 antibodies in younger adults. Pseudovirus neutralizing and RBD-IgG GMTs were similar between older and younger adults. The third dose slightly (&lt;1.5 fold) increased GMTs. Seroconversion percentages were 94% or more after 2 doses, which were generally similar after 3 doses. The predominant AEs were injection-site pain. All the AEs were grade 1 or 2 in intensity. No serious AE was deemed related to study vaccination.

Conclusions
Two doses of this vaccine induced robust immune response and had good safety profile. A third dose given 28 days after the second dose elicited limited boosting antibody response.
Canadian Consensus Statements on the Transition of Adolescents and Young Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease from Pediatric to Adult Care: A Collaborative Initiative Between the Canadian IBD Transition Network and Crohn’s and Colitis Canada
Authors: Fu Nancy , Bollegala Natasha , Jacobson Kevan , Kroeker Karen I , Frost Karen , Afif Waqqas , El-Matary Wael , Fowler Sharyle A , Griffiths Anne M , Huynh Hien Q , Jantchou Prévost , Karimuddin Ahmer , Nguyen Geoffrey C , Otley Anthony R , Pears Christina , Seow Cynthia H , Toulany Alene , Tersigni Claudia , Tignanelli Joanne , Marshall John K , Boctor Monica , Hansen Tawnya , Pattni Chandni , Wong Andrew , Benchimol Eric I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
With the increased prevalence of childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there is a greater need for a planned transition process for adolescents and young adults (AYA). The Canadian IBD Transition Network and Crohn’s and Colitis Canada joined in collaborative efforts to describe a set of care consensus statements to provide a framework for transitioning AYA from pediatric to adult care.

Methods
Consensus statements were drafted after focus group meetings and literature reviews. An expert panel consisting of 20 IBD physicians, nurses, surgeon, adolescent medicine physician, as well as patient and caregiver representatives met, discussed and systematically voted. The consensus was reached when greater than 75% of members voted in agreement. When greater than 75% of members rated strong support, the statement was rendered a strong recommendation, suggesting that a clinician should implement the statement for all or most of their clinical practice.

Results
The Canadian expert panel generated 15 consensus statements (9 strong and 6 weak recommendations). Areas of focus of the statements included: transition program implementation, key stakeholders, areas of potential need and gaps in the research.

Conclusions
These consensus statements provide a framework for the transition process. The quality of evidence for these statements was generally low, highlighting the need for further controlled studies to investigate and better define effective strategies for transition in pediatric to adult IBD care.
Frankliniella fusca(Thysanoptera: Thripidae), The Vector ofTomato Spotted Wilt OrthotospovirusInfecting Peanut in the Southeastern United States
Authors: LaTora A Gabrielle , Lai Pin-Chu , Chen Yi-Ju , Gautam Saurabh , Abney Mark R , Srinivasan Rajagopalbabu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, is a phytophagous pest and vector of orthotospoviruses in many crops around the world. F. fusca causes direct feeding injury to peanut plants, resulting in leaf chlorosis and curling, and yield loss. Adults and larvae also transmit the economically important tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) in all peanut market types grown in the U.S. TSWV infection causes spotted wilt disease, a plant disease characterized by chlorosis, stunting, and death. From 1996 to 2006, spotted wilt disease resulted in an estimated U.S.$140 million in annual peanut production losses in the U.S. At present, a thorough documentation of F. fusca’s impacts on the U.S. peanut production system is not available. Here, we describe the morphology, life cycle, and biology of F. fusca and provide images of immature life stages. Feeding injury characteristics and TSWV transmission in peanuts are also discussed. Currently, F. fusca and TSWV are managed in peanut with a combination of tactics, including prophylactic insecticide applications and TSWV-resistant cultivars. However, standardized scouting protocols and economic thresholds for F. fusca are not yet available. Very few biological control agents have been evaluated for use against F. fusca, and few studies have quantified the contributions of native natural enemies. More research into natural enemies’ contributions to F. fusca management and the mechanisms underlying TSWV-resistance in peanut could help inform and diversify integrated pest management programs.
Emergence ofIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae) in a Small Mammal Population in a Coastal Oak-Pine Forest, Maine, USA
Authors: Elias Susan P , Witham Jack W , Schneider Elizabeth F , Rand Peter W , Hunter Malcolm L , Lubelczyk Charles , Smith Robert P 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the United States, surveillance has been key to tracking spatiotemporal emergence of blacklegged ticks [Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida:Ixodidae)] and their pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), the agent of Lyme disease. On the Holt Research Forest in midcoastal Maine, collection of feeding ticks from live-trapped small mammal hosts allowed us to track the emergence and establishment of I. scapularis, 1989–2019. From 1989–1995, we collected only I. angustus Neumann (Ixodida: Ixodidae)(vole tick), Dermacentor variabilis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae) (American dog tick), and I. marxi Banks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) (squirrel tick) from seven species of small mammals. The most abundant tick host was the white-footed mouse [Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque (Rodentia:Cricetidae)] followed by the red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi Vigors (Rodentia: Cricetidae)). Emergence of I. scapularis was signaled via the appearance of subadult I. scapularis in 1996. Emergence of B. burgdorferi was signaled through its appearance in I. scapularis feeding on mice in 2005. There was a substantial increase in I. scapularis prevalence (proportion of hosts parasitized) and burdens (ticks/host) on white-footed mice and red-backed voles in 2007. The ~11-yr time-to-establishment for I. scapularis was consistent with that seen in other studies. White-footed mice comprised 65.9% of all captures and hosted 94.1% of the total I. scapularis burden. The white-footed mouse population fluctuated interannually, but did not trend up as did I. scapularis prevalence and burdens. There were concurrent declines in I. angustus and D. variabilis. We discuss these results in the broader context of regional I. scapularis range expansion.
Advancing Research on Medical Image Perception by Strengthening Multidisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Treviño Melissa , Birdsong George , Carrigan Ann , Choyke Peter , Drew Trafton , Eckstein Miguel , Fernandez Anna , Gallas Brandon D , Giger Maryellen , Hewitt Stephen M , Horowitz Todd S , Jiang Yuhong V , Kudrick Bonnie , Martinez-Conde Susana , Mitroff Stephen , Nebeling Linda , Saltz Joseph , Samuelson Frank , Seltzer Steven E , Shabestari Behrouz , Shankar Lalitha , Siegel Eliot , Tilkin Mike , Trueblood Jennifer S , Van Dyke Alison L , Venkatesan Aradhana M , Whitney David , Wolfe Jeremy M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMedical image interpretation is central to detecting, diagnosing, and staging cancer and many other disorders. At a time when medical imaging is being transformed by digital technologies and artificial intelligence, understanding the basic perceptual and cognitive processes underlying medical image interpretation is vital for increasing diagnosticians’ accuracy and performance, improving patient outcomes, and reducing diagnostician burnout. Medical image perception remains substantially understudied. In September 2019, the National Cancer Institute convened a multidisciplinary panel of radiologists and pathologists together with researchers working in medical image perception and adjacent fields of cognition and perception for the “Cognition and Medical Image Perception Think Tank.” The Think Tank’s key objectives were to identify critical unsolved problems related to visual perception in pathology and radiology from the perspective of diagnosticians, discuss how these clinically relevant questions could be addressed through cognitive and perception research, identify barriers and solutions for transdisciplinary collaborations, define ways to elevate the profile of cognition and perception research within the medical image community, determine the greatest needs to advance medical image perception, and outline future goals and strategies to evaluate progress. The Think Tank emphasized diagnosticians’ perspectives as the crucial starting point for medical image perception research, with diagnosticians describing their interpretation process and identifying perceptual and cognitive problems that arise. This article reports the deliberations of the Think Tank participants to address these objectives and highlight opportunities to expand research on medical image perception.
Effects of capturing a wide-orbit planet on planetary systems: system stability and habitable zone bombardment rates
Authors: Kokaia Giorgi , Davies Melvyn B , Mustill Alexander J 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
A large fraction of stars are formed in dense clusters. In the cluster, close encounters between stars at distances less than 100 au are common. It has been shown that during close encounters planets can transfer between stars. Such captured planets will be on different orbits compared to planets formed in the system, often on very wide, eccentric, and inclined orbits. We examine how these captured planets affect Kuiper belt-like planetesimal belts in their new systems by examining the effects on habitable planets in systems containing an outer gas giant. We show that these captured planets can destabilize the belt, and we show that the fraction of the planetesimals that make it past the giant planets into the system to impact the habitable planet is independent of the captured planet’s orbital plane, whereas the fraction of the planetesimals that are removed and the rate at which they are removed depend strongly on the captured planet’s pericentre and inclination. We then examine a wide range of outcomes of planet capture and find that when a Jupiter-mass planet is captured it will in 40 per cent of cases destabilize the giant planets in the system and in 40 per cent of cases deplete the belt in a few Myr, i.e. not posing much risk to life on terrestrial planets that would be expected to develop later. In the final 20 per cent of cases, the result will be a flux of impactors 10–20 times greater than that on Earth that can persist for several Gyr, detrimental to the development of life on the planet.
Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of Nova V2891 Cygni: evidence for shock-induced dust formation
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Srivastava Mudit K , Banerjee Dipankar P K , Woodward C E , Munari Ulisse , Evans Aneurin , Joshi Vishal , Dallaporta Sergio , Page Kim L 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present multi-epoch optical and near-infrared observations of the highly reddened, Fe ii class slow Nova V2891 Cygni. The observations span 15 months since its discovery. The initial rapid brightening from quiescence, and the presence of an ∼35-d long pre-maximum halt, is well documented. The evidence that the current outburst of V2891 Cyg has undergone several distinct episodes of mass ejection is seen through time-varying P Cygni profiles of the O i 7773 Å line. A highlight is the occurrence of a dust formation event centred around approximately +273 d, which coincides with a phase of coronal line emission. The dust mass is found to be $\sim\!{0.83{-}1.25} \times 10^{-10}\ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. There is strong evidence to suggest that the coronal lines are created by shock heating rather than by photoionization. The simultaneous occurrence of the dust and coronal lines (with varying velocity shifts) supports the possibility that dust formation is shock induced. Such a route for dust formation has not previously been seen in a nova, although the mechanism has been proposed for dust formation in some core-collapse supernovae. Analysis of the coronal lines indicates a gas mass and temperature of 8.35–8.42 × 10−7 M⊙ and ∼(4.8–9.1) × 105 K, respectively, and an overabundance of aluminium and silicon. A Case B analysis of the hydrogen lines yields a mass of the ionized gas of (8.60 ± 1.73) × 10−5 M⊙. The reddening and distance to the nova are estimated to be E(B − V) = 2.21 ± 0.15 and d = 5.50 kpc, respectively.
Ancestral morphology and taxonomic utility of squid statoliths (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)
Authors: Díaz-Santana-Iturrios Mariana , Pacheco-Ovando Renata , Ibáñez Christian M , García-Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Salinas-Zavala César Augusto , Granados-Amores Jasmín 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTLoliginid squids from the northeastern Pacific are partially sympatric, and their identification is difficult as their diagnostic characters often overlap. Statoliths are hard structures that may vary with respect to phylogeny and thus have potential use in taxonomy. This, however, has to be investigated using robust methods. Here, we employ geometric morphometrics to evaluate the taxonomic utility of statolith shape in loliginids caught in Mexican waters and to acquire knowledge on statolith evolution through comparative phylogenetic methods. The loliginid species we examined showed specific statolith morphology that facilitates species identification. Our results also show that statolith shape has a strong phylogenetic signal and is a powerful character for species recognition. The ancestral statolith morphologies are not very different from extant forms, probably reflecting the relatively recent origin of the two genera evaluated and their low evolutionary rate. In addition, the evolution of statolith shape in species of the genus Lolliguncula seems to have been faster than that in the genus Doryteuthis, especially in L. panamensis, which could be related to habitat differentiation in the neritic coastal environment inhabited by loliginid squids. Our analysis of statolith shape demonstrates the potential for combining neontology and paleontology in understanding the diversification of loliginid squids.
A rare case of atypical Cogan’s syndrome presenting as encephalitis
Authors: Maikap Debashis , Pradhan Amrita , Padhan Prasanta 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Cogan’s syndrome (CS) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis of unknown aetiology characterised by non-syphilitic interstitial keratitis, audiovestibular symptoms, sometimes systemic symptoms, and multi-organ involvement. Atypical CS has other ocular features, such as scleritis, episcelritis, retinitis, and optic neuritis. Diagnosis of CS is purely clinical without a confirmatory test. Hereby, we report a case of atypical CS presenting with features of encephalitis who was treated successfully with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone with cyclophosphamide. It is important to consider CS in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis with ocular and vestibular symptoms in young patients, as high morbidity and mortality rates are effectively lowered by early immunosuppressive treatment.
Surgical resection of glioblastomas induces pleiotrophin-mediated self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells in recurrent tumors
Authors: Knudsen Arnon Møldrup , Halle Bo , Cédile Oriane , Burton Mark , Baun Christina , Thisgaard Helge , Anand Atul , Hubert Christopher , Thomassen Mads , Michaelsen Signe Regner , Olsen Birgitte Brinkmann , Dahlrot Rikke Hedegaard , Bjerkvig Rolf , Lathia Justin Durla , Kristensen Bjarne Winther 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Glioblastomas are highly resistant to therapy, and virtually all patients experience tumor recurrence after standard-of-care treatment. Surgical tumor resection is a cornerstone in glioblastoma therapy, but its impact on cellular phenotypes in the local postsurgical microenvironment has yet to be fully elucidated.

Methods
We developed a preclinical orthotopic xenograft tumor resection model in rats with integrated 18F-FET PET/CT imaging. Primary and recurrent tumors were subject to bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes and pathways were investigated and validated using tissue specimens from the xenograft model, 23 patients with matched primary/recurrent tumors, and a cohort including 190 glioblastoma patients. Functional investigations were performed in vitro with multiple patient-derived cell cultures.

Results
Tumor resection induced microglia/macrophage infiltration, angiogenesis as well as proliferation and upregulation of several stem cell-related genes in recurrent tumor cells. Expression changes of selected genes SOX2, POU3F2, OLIG2, and NOTCH1 were validated at the protein level in xenografts and early recurrent patient tumors. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed the presence of distinct phenotypic cell clusters in recurrent tumors which deviated from clusters found in primary tumors. Recurrent tumors expressed elevated levels of pleiotrophin (PTN), secreted by both tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia/macrophages. Mechanistically, PTN could induce tumor cell proliferation, self-renewal, and the stem cell program. In glioblastoma patients, high PTN expression was associated with poor overall survival and identified as an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion
Surgical tumor resection is an iatrogenic driver of PTN-mediated self-renewal in glioblastoma tumor cells that promotes therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence.
Discovery of stable titanium at the northeastern jet of Cassiopeia A: Need for a weak jet mechanism?
Authors: Ikeda Takuma , Uchiyama Yasunobu , Sato Toshiki , Higurashi Ryota , Tsuchioka Tomoya , Yamada Shinya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The origin of the jet-like structures observed in Cassiopeia A is still unclear, although it seems to be related to its explosion mechanism. X-ray observations of the characteristic structures could provide us useful information on the explosive nucleosynthesis via the observation of elements, which is a unique approach to understand its origin. We here report the discovery of shocked stable Ti, which is produced only at the inner region of exploding stars, in the northeast jet of Cassiopeia A using the 1 Ms deep observation with the Chandra X-ray observatory. The observed Ti coexists with other intermediate-mass elements (e.g., Si, S, Ar, Ca) and Fe at the tip of the X-ray jet structure. We found that its elemental composition is explained well with the production by the incomplete Si burning regime, indicating that the formation process of the jet structure was sub-energetic at the explosion (the peak temperature during the nuclear burning must be ≲5 × 109 K at most). Thus, we conclude that the energy source that formed the jet structure was not the primary engine for the supernova explosion. Our results are useful to limit the power of the jet-structure formation process, and a weak jet mechanism with low temperature may be needed to explain it.