bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear soil effects on observed and simulated response spectra
Authors: Andreotti Guido , Calvi Gian Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoil effects are collectively referred to the influences that local geology and morphology of soil deposits have on ground motions coming from bedrock. The quantification of soil effects in building codes has a great impact in the design of structures because soil factors amplify the reference seismic input, which is typically defined for rock‐type soil class from probabilistic seismic hazards analysis. This topic, within earthquake engineering, represents one of the typical interfaces between structural engineering, geotechnical engineering and engineering seismology. In fact, this issue is generally addressed with different approaches depending on the background of the researchers. This article investigates soil effects combining the viewpoints of structural and geotechnical engineers and seismologists. It is shown that the averaging technique adopted for the definition of ground motion predictive models for spectral ordinates does not play a significant role in defining the results of rock‐like soil classes. However, for other soil classes characterized by soil effects, different methods of averaging the spectral ordinates produce significant differences. The main result of this study is the proposal of a new analytical formulation for the quantification of soil amplification factors for both acceleration and displacement response spectra. The proposed formulation is based on a database of real ground motions and simulated accelerograms. The latter have been obtained through stochastic ground response analyses, with the propagation of natural ground motions on rock‐like soil class through randomly generated soil deposits representative of different soil classes of Eurocode 8 and the Italian Building Code. The comparison between real and simulated data revealed the crucial role of soil nonlinearity in the definition of soil effects, which is also in relation with the variation of magnitude, fault distance and the intensity measures expected on outcropping rock.
Effect of pinholes in electrolyte on re‐oxidation tolerance of anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Kumada Keigo , Sato Kazuhisa , Kawada Tatsuya , Sumi Hirofumi , Shimada Hiroyuki , Hashida Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effects of through‐thickness pinholes in an electrolyte on re‐oxidation and mechanical damage of anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cells are discussed in this paper. Pinholes with a dimension greater than approximately 10 μm were detected by dye penetrant inspection using half‐cells fabricated through a co‐sintering method. In single cells with such pinholes, the leakage of oxygen occurred through the through‐thickness pinholes under open‐circuit voltage (OCV) conditions when the fuel supply was discontinued. The oxygen leakage caused the oxidation of Ni in the anode, forming semicircular re‐oxidized regions on the electrolyte side of the anode substrate. The oxygen permeation fluxes in the electrolyte, which were deduced from the measured reduction in OCV during the operation of fuel shut‐off, are shown to correlate well with the time elapsed from the shut‐off of the fuel gas supply to the onset of mechanical damage monitored by acoustic emissions. The correlation indicates that the oxidation rate of the anode substrate is accelerated due to the presence of pinholes in the electrolyte, which can result in mechanical damages.
Producing valuable information from hydrologic models of nature-based solutions for water
Authors: Brauman Kate A. , Bremer Leah L. , Hamel Perrine , Ochoa-Tocachi Boris F. , Roman-Dañobeytia Francisco , Bonnesoeur Vivien , Arapa Edwing , Gammie Gena 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NBS) are an increasingly popular approach to water resources management, with a growing number of projects designed to take advantage of landscape effects on water flow. As NBS for water are developed, producing hydrologic information to inform decisions often requires substantial investment in data acquisition and modeling; for this effort to be worthwhile, the information generated must be useful and used. We apply an evaluation framework of salience (type of information), credibility (quality of information), and legitimacy (trustworthiness of information) to assess how hydrologic modeling outputs have been used in NBS projects by three types of decision makers: advocates, implementers, and analysts. Our findings, based on documents and interviews with watershed management programs in South America currently implementing NBS, consider how hydrologic modeling supports two types of decisions for NBS projects: quantifying the hydrologic impact of potential and existing NBS and prioritizing where NBS might be sited within a watershed. To help inform future modeling studies, we identify several problematic assumptions that analysts may make about the credibility of modeled outputs for NBS when advocates and implementers are not effectively engaged. We find that salient, credible, and legitimate results in applications evaluating NBS for water are not always generated in the absence of clear communication and engagement. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:135–147. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
Hydrologic information can be evaluated based on salience (relevance of information), credibility (quality of information), and legitimately (trustworthiness of information); our interviews suggest salience and legitimacy are critical to whether model outputs are useful and used. We identified three key target audiences in NBS projects—implementers, advocates, and analysts—with distinct information needs; quantifying the hydrologic impact of NBS is of interest to all three audience types, but for different reasons. Interviews about the type and sophistication of hydrologic models necessary for NBS projects in practice suggest that simpler models that gain legitimacy because they are more easily explained can provide sufficiently credible information to take action. Mutual understanding of the aims of the project among implementors, advocates, and analysts is critical to ensure that the actual variable of interest is identified and modeled and that non-hydrologic constraints are considered.
Impaired T helper cell responses in human immunodeficiency virus‐exposed uninfected newborns
Authors: Brito‐Pérez Yesenia , Camacho‐Pacheco Rodrigo T. , Plazola‐Camacho Noemi , Soriano‐Becerril Diana , Coronado‐Zarco Irma A. , Arreola‐Ramírez Gabriela , González‐Pérez Gabriela , Herrera‐Salazar Alma , Flores‐González Julio , Bermejo‐Haro Mextli Y. , Casorla‐Cervantes Brenda G. , Soto‐López Ismael A. , Hernández‐Pineda Jessica , Sandoval‐Montes Claudia , Rodríguez‐Martínez Sandra , Figueroa‐Damian Ricardo , Mancilla‐Herrera Ismael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionHIV‐exposed uninfected (HEU) newborns suffer from higher risks of opportunistic infections during the first months of life compared to HIV‐unexposed uninfected (HUU) newborns. Alterations in thymic mass, amounts of T helper (Th) cells, T‐cell receptor diversity, and activation markers have been found in HEU newborns, suggesting alterations in T cell ontogeny and differentiation. However, little is known about the ability of these cells to produce specialized Th responses from CD4+ T cells.MethodTo characterize the Th cell profile, we evaluated the frequency of Th1 (CD183+CD194−CD196−/CXCR3+CCR4−CCR6−), Th2 (CD183−CD194+CD196−/CXCR3−CCR4+CCR6−), Th17 (CD183−CD194+CD196+/CXCR3−CCR4+CCR6+), and CD4+CD25++ blood T‐cell phenotypes in 50 HEU and 25 HUU newborns. Early activation markers on CD4+ T cells and the Th cytokine profile produced from mononuclear cells under polyclonal T cell stimulation were also studied. Additionally, we probed the ability of CD4+ T cells to differentiate into interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing Th1 CD4+ T cells in vitro.ResultsLower percentages of differentiated Th1, Th2, Th17, and CD4+CD25++ T cells were found in blood from HEU newborns than in blood from HUU newborns. However, polyclonally stimulated Th cells showed a similar ability to express CD69 and CD279 but produced less secreted interleukin (IL)‐2 and IL‐4. Interestingly, under Th1 differentiation conditions, the percentages of CD4+IFN‐γ+ T cells and soluble IFN‐γ were higher in HEU newborns than in HUU newborns.ConclusionHEU neonates are born with reduced proportions of differentiated Th1/Th2/Th17 and CD4+CD25++ T cells, but the intrinsic abilities of CD4+ T cells to acquire a Th1 profile are not affected by the adverse maternal milieu during development.
SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia with a higher nasopharyngeal viral load is strongly associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Kawasuji Hitoshi , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Tani Hideki , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Takegoshi Yusuke , Kaneda Makito , Murai Yushi , Kimoto Kou , Ueno Akitoshi , Miyajima Yuki , Fukui Yasutaka , Kimura Miyuki , Yamada Hiroshi , Sakamaki Ippei , Yamamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the frequency of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in serum and its association with the clinical severity of COVID‐19. This retrospective cohort study performed at Toyama University Hospital included consecutive patients with confirmed COVID‐19. The prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia and the strength of its association with clinical severity variables were examined. Fifty‐six patients were included in this study. RNAemia was detected in 19.6% (11/56) patients on admission, and subsequently in 1.0% (1/25), 50.0% (6/12), and 100.0% (4/4) moderate, severe, and critically ill patients, respectively. Patients with RNAemia required more frequent oxygen supplementation (90.0% vs. 13.3%), ICU admission (81.8% vs. 6.7%), and invasive mechanical ventilation (27.3% vs. 0.0%). Among patients with RNAemia, the median viral loads of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs that were collected around the same time as the serum sample were significantly higher in critically ill (5.4 log10 copies/μl; interquartile range [IQR]: 4.2–6.3) than in moderate‐severe cases (2.6 log10 copies/μl; [IQR: 1.1–4.5]; p = 0.030) and were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (6.2 log10 copies/μl [IQR: 6.0–6.5]) than in survivors (3.9 log10 copies/μl [IQR: 1.6–4.6]; p = 0.045). This study demonstrated a relatively high proportion of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia and an association between RNAemia and clinical severity. Moreover, among the patients with RNAemia, the viral loads of NP swabs were correlated with disease severity and mortality, suggesting the potential utility of combining serum testing with NP tests as a prognostic indicator for COVID‐19, with higher quality than each separate test.
The anti‐obesity and gut microbiota modulating effects of taxifolin in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high‐fat diet
Authors: Su Hang , Wang Wen‐Jun , Zheng Guo‐Dong , Yin Zhong‐Ping , Li Jing‐En , Chen Ling‐Li , Zhang Qing‐Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTaxifolin is a natural dihydroflavonol found in many plants and health products. In the present study, its anti‐obesity and gut microbiota modulating effects were studied. C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD) supplemented with taxifolin (0, 0.5 and 1 mg mL−1, respectively) in drinking water for 15 weeks.RESULTSTaxifolin supplementation showed no influence on food and water intake. However, it decreased body weight gain, inhibited fat accumulation, and decreased total cholesterol and triacylglycerol level in mice liver. Taxifolin enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in mice liver, which in turn protected the liver from lipid peroxidation damage. It also improved insulin resistance in obese mice. Metagenomic analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA demonstrated that HFD decreased gut microbiota diversity and caused dysbiosis. However, taxifolin improved the gut microbiota diversity and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. In particular, it inhibited Proteobacteria from blooming, this being a signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota.CONCLUSIONTaxifolin ameliorated the symptoms of obesity, hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD fed C57BL/6J mice. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The active ingredients analysis of Herba Lysimachiae treating osteoarthritis based on the LC–MS/MS technology and public bioinformatics platforms
Authors: Li Xu‐zhao , Zhang Shuai‐nan , Liu Qi , Yang Wu‐de , Zhou Ying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerba Lysimachiae inhibits synovial damage in osteoarthritis via regulating two bio labels (integrin alpha 2b/beta 3). However, the relevant active ingredients are still unknown. Here, the active ingredients of herbal medicines were analyzed based on the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology and public bioinformatics platforms. The liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology was used for compound analysis, and public databases (PubChem BioAssay and STRING) were applied to establish the links between herbal compounds and both bio labels, and identify which herbal compounds may regulate these bio labels. Subsequently, the osteoarthritis model was used to confirm the results. Totally, ninety compounds in Herba Lysimachiae were identified based on the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology. Bioinformatics analysis showed that five compounds (myricetin, fisetin, esculetin, 7‐hydroxycoumarin‐4‐acetic acid, and caffeic acid) may synergistically regulate bio labels through 11 targets, which may be the active ingredients of Herba Lysimachiae for osteoarthritis treatment. In the verification experiments, five compounds markedly suppressed the overexpression of bio labels in the synovium of the osteoarthritis model. In conclusion, the present study effectively and rapidly analyzed the active ingredients of Herba Lysimachiae for osteoarthritis treatment.
Combined diffusion‐relaxometry microstructure imaging: Current status and future prospects
Authors: Slator Paddy J. , Palombo Marco , Miller Karla L. , Westin Carl‐Fredrik , Laun Frederik , Kim Daeun , Haldar Justin P. , Benjamini Dan , Lemberskiy Gregory , de Almeida Martins Joao P. , Hutter Jana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrostructure imaging seeks to noninvasively measure and map microscopic tissue features by pairing mathematical modeling with tailored MRI protocols. This article reviews an emerging paradigm that has the potential to provide a more detailed assessment of tissue microstructure—combined diffusion‐relaxometry imaging. Combined diffusion‐relaxometry acquisitions vary multiple MR contrast encodings—such as b‐value, gradient direction, inversion time, and echo time—in a multidimensional acquisition space. When paired with suitable analysis techniques, this enables quantification of correlations and coupling between multiple MR parameters—such as diffusivity, , , and . This opens the possibility of disentangling multiple tissue compartments (within voxels) that are indistinguishable with single‐contrast scans, enabling a new generation of microstructural maps with improved biological sensitivity and specificity.
An algebraic multigrid method for elasticity based on an auxiliary topology with edge matrices
Authors: Kogler Lukas , Schöberl Joachim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article introduces a novel approach to algebraic multigrid methods for large systems of linear equations coming from finite element discretizations of certain elliptic second‐order partial differential equations. Based on a discrete energy made up of edge and vertex contributions, we are able to develop coarsening criteria that guarantee two‐level convergence even for systems of equations such as linear elasticity . This energy also allows us to construct prolongations with prescribed sparsity pattern that still preserve kernel vectors exactly. These allow for a straightforward optimization that simplifies parallelization and reduces communication on coarse levels. Numerical experiments demonstrate efficiency and robustness of the method and scalability of the implementation.
Quenching Behavior of the Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA System by Phenols on a Smartphone‐Based Sensor
Authors: Rivera Elmer C. , Taylor Joseph W. , Summerscales Rodney L. , Kwon Hyun J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhenolic compounds such as vanillic and p‐coumaric acids are pollutants of major concern in the agro‐industrial processing, thereby their effective detection in the industrial environment is essential to reduce exposure. Herein, we present the quenching effect of these compounds on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA (TPrA=tri‐n‐propylamine) system at a disposable screen‐printed carbon electrode. Transient ECL profiles are obtained from multiple video frames following 1.2 V application by a smartphone‐based ECL sensor. A wide range of detection was achieved using the sensor with limit of detection of 0.26 μM and 0.68 μM for vanillic and p‐coumaric acids, respectively. The estimated quenching constants determined that the quenching efficiency of vanillic acid is at least two‐fold that of p‐coumaric acid under the current detection conditions. The present ECL quenching approach provided an effective method to detect phenolic compounds using a low‐cost, portable smartphone‐based ECL sensor.
Residual meta‐iodobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) positivity following therapy for metastatic neuroblastoma: Patient characteristics, imaging, and outcome
Authors: Usmani Nida , Deyell Rebecca J. , Portwine Carol , Rafael Margarida Simao , Moorehead Paul C. , Shammas Amer , Vali Reza , Farfan Mateo , Vanniyasingam Thuvaraha , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Irwin Meredith S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeta‐iodobenzylguanidine(MIBG) scans are used to detect neuroblastoma metastatic lesions at diagnosis and during posttreatment surveillance. MIBG positivity following induction chemotherapy correlates with poor outcome; however, there are reports of patients with progression‐free survival despite MIBG positivity at the end of therapy. The factors distinguishing these survivors from patients who progress or relapse are unclear. FDG‐positron‐emission tomography (PET) scans can also detect metastatic lesions at diagnosis; however, their role in posttherapy surveillance is less well studied.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage 4 patients to identify those with residual MIBG‐avid metastatic lesions on end‐of‐therapy scans without prior progression. Data collected included age, disease sites, histopathology, biomarkers, treatment, imaging studies, and response.ResultsEleven of 265 patients met inclusion criteria. At diagnosis three of 11 patients were classified as intermediate and eight of 11 high risk; nine of 11 had documented marrow involvement. Histologic classification was favorable for four of 10 and MYCN amplification was detected in zero of 11 cases. The median time with persistent MIBG positivity following treatment was 1.5 years. Seven patients had at least one PET scan with low or background activity. Biopsies of three of three MIBG‐avid residual lesions showed differentiation. All patients remain alive with no disease progression at a median of 4.0 years since end of therapy.ConclusionPersistently MIBG‐avid metastatic lesions in subsets of patients following completion of therapy may not represent active disease that will progress. Further studies are needed to determine whether MYCN status or other biomarkers, and/or PET scans, may help identify patients with residual inactive MIBG lesions who require no further therapy.
Preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride‐grafted desulfurization rubber powder by free‐radical polymerization
Authors: Kong Peipei , Chen Xianhua , Xu Gang , Wei Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of the article was to enhance the recycling value of solid waste rubber by surface functionalization of desulfurized rubber powder using a one‐pot method based on free‐radical polymerization theory. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis were used to characterize the maleic anhydride‐grafted desulfurized rubber powder, and the grafting mechanism was also investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that maleic anhydride was grafted onto the desulfurized rubber powder. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the maleic anhydride‐grafted desulfurized rubber powder and desulfurized rubber powder possessed different thermal properties and structure. The results of scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis illustrated that the surface of the desulfurized rubber powder was covered with a layer of fold‐like maleic anhydride polymer. The mechanism of grafting desulfurized rubber powder with maleic anhydride may be achieved by replacing the active α‐H on the methylene group of the desulfurized rubber macromolecule chain.
Proteomic analysis of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) spermatozoa and prostatic bodies
Authors: Skerrett‐Byrne David A. , Anderson Amanda L. , Hulse Lyndal , Wass Caillin , Dun Matthew D. , Bromfield Elizabeth G. , De Iuliis Geoffry N. , Pyne Michael , Nicolson Vere , Johnston Stephen D. , Nixon Brett 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the proteome of koala spermatozoa and that of the prostatic bodies with which they interact during ejaculation. For this purpose, spermatozoa and prostatic bodies were fractionated from the semen of four male koalas and analysed by HPLC MS/MS. This strategy identified 744 sperm and 1297 prostatic body proteins, which were subsequently attributed to 482 and 776 unique gene products, respectively. Gene ontology curation of the sperm proteome revealed an abundance of proteins mapping to the canonical sirtuin and 14‐3‐3 signalling pathways. By contrast, protein ubiquitination and unfolded protein response pathways dominated the equivalent analysis of proteins uniquely identified in prostatic bodies. Koala sperm proteins featured an enrichment of those mapping to the functional categories of cellular compromise/inflammatory response, whilst those of the prostatic body revealed an over‐representation of molecular chaperone and stress‐related proteins. Cross‐species comparisons demonstrated that the koala sperm proteome displays greater conservation with that of eutherians (human; 93%) as opposed to reptile (crocodile; 39%) and avian (rooster; 27%) spermatozoa. Together, this work contributes to our overall understanding of the core sperm proteome and has identified biomarkers that may contribute to the exceptional longevity of koala spermatozoa during ex vivo storage.