bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical community‐discovery algorithm combining core nodes and three‐order structure model
Authors: Lei Guo , Sheng Yang , Shaozi Li , Qingshou Wu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA community structure in a complex network often exhibits hierarchical characteristics. Current hierarchical community‐discovery algorithms generally consider a single node as a community during the initial stage. This approach leads to over‐fine clustering granularity, too‐deep clustering levels, and other issues. Therefore, this article proposes a hierarchical community‐discovery algorithm that combines the core nodes and the three‐order structure model. Between neighboring nodes, there is a first‐order structure. The core node is identified based on its influence, and the similarity between the core node and its neighboring nodes is defined as the second‐order structure. The nodes satisfying the second‐order structure are then formed into a friend circle. The similarity between friend circles is defined as the third‐order structure. According to this structure, the friend circles are construed as a hierarchical clustering tree (HCT) where one HCT represents a community. The HCT built by this algorithm has relatively fewer levels and exhibits a flat feature. Experimental results on both artificial and real networks show that the algorithm performs well on various indicators. Additionally, the algorithm exhibits near‐linear time complexity.
Cortisol in early childhood moderates the association between family routines and observed affective balance in children from low‐income backgrounds
Authors: Lo Sharon L. , Riley Hurley O. , Sturza Julie , Vazquez Delia M. , Rosenblum Katherine , Kaciroti Niko , Lumeng Julie C. , Miller Alison L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study of emotion regulation often addresses control of negative emotion. Researchers have proposed that affective balance is an indicator of emotion regulation that incorporates the role of positive emotion in the context of negative emotional experiences. Environmental and individual factors, such as family processes and biological stress regulation, are known to shape emotion regulation. The present study investigated whether child diurnal cortisol, an indicator of biological stress regulation, moderated the association between family routines and observed affective balance. Children (N = 222; M age = 4.70 years, SD = 0.60) from low‐income households provided saliva samples to measure diurnal cortisol and completed a behavioral task designed to elicit negative emotions. Affective balance was defined as the difference score between the proportion of positive and negative emotional expressions displayed during the task. A higher affective balance score indicated greater positive compared with negative emotional displays. Simple slope analyses indicated that for children with a low morning cortisol intercept, more frequent family routines were associated with more affective balance. This pattern was not observed in children with average or high morning cortisol. Positive family routines may play an important role in shaping affective balance among children with disrupted cortisol levels from low‐income backgrounds.
Sexually dichromatic hybrids between two monochromatic duck species, the Chiloé wigeon and the Philippine duck
Authors: Ottenburghs Jente , Harteman Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCaptive bird hybrids can provide important data on certain traits, such as hybrid viability and fertility. In this paper, we describe four hybrids between the Chiloé wigeon (Anas sibilatrix) and the Philippine duck (Anas luzonica). These two species diverged about 13 million years ago and are found on different continents, making the occurrence of wild hybrids extremely unlikely. Hence, these captive hybrids provide a unique opportunity to learn more about the outcome of hybridization between these highly divergent species. One pair of hybrids mated and produced six unfertilized eggs, suggesting that hybrids between these species are infertile. Morphologically, the hybrids were slightly larger than the parental species, but had intermediate bill lengths. With regard to plumage patterns, the hybrids displayed characteristics of both parental species: Males developed the iridescent green head pattern of the Chiloé wigeon, whereas the females showed the dark crown and eye stripe of the Philippine duck. Interestingly, Chiloé wigeon and Philippine duck are both sexually monochromatic whereas the hybrids showed clear sexual dimorphism. These hybrids can thus lead to novel insights into the genetic and developmental basis of sexual mono‐ and dichromatism in ducks.
Risk stratification in heart failure decompensation in the community: HEFESTOS score
Authors: Verdu‐Rotellar José‐María , Abellana Rosa , Vaillant‐Roussel Helene , Gril Jevsek Lea , Assenova Radost , Kasuba Lazic Djurdjica , Torsza Peter , Glynn Liam George , Lingner Heidrun , Demurtas Jacopo , Thulesius Hans , Muñoz Miguel Angel ,   HEFESTOS group
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsBecause evidence regarding risk stratification predicting prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF) decompensation attended in primary care is lacking, we developed and externally validated a model to forecast death/hospitalization during the first 30 days after an episode of decompensation. The predictive model is based on variables easily obtained in primary care settings.Methods and resultsHEFESTOS is a multinational study consisting of a derivation cohort of HF patients recruited in 14 primary healthcare centres in Barcelona and a validation cohort from primary healthcare in 9 other European countries. The derivation and validation cohorts included 561 and 250 patients, respectively. Percentages of women in the derivation and validation cohorts were 56.3% and 47.6% (P = 0.026), respectively. Mean age was 82.2 years (SD 8.03) in the derivation cohort, and 79.3 years (SD 10.3) in the validation one (P = 0.001). HF with preserved ejection fraction represented 72.1% in the derivation cohort and 58.8% in the validation one (P = 0.004). Mortality/hospitalization during the first 30 days after a decompensation episode was 30.5% and 26% (P = 0.225) for the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to develop a score of risk. The identified predictors were worsening of dyspnoea [odds ratio (OR): 2.5; P = 0.001], orthopnoea (OR: 2.16; P = 0.01), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (OR: 2.25; P = 0.01), crackles (OR: 2.35; P = 0.01), New York Heart Association functional class III/IV (OR: 2.11; P = 0.001), oxygen saturation ≤ 90% (OR: 4.98; P < 0.001), heart rate > 100 b.p.m. (OR: 2.72; P = 0.002), and previous hospitalization due to HF (OR: 2.45; P < 0.001). The model showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.807, 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.770; 0.845] in the derivation cohort and AUC 0.73, 95% CI: [0.660; 0.808] in the validation one. No significant differences between both cohorts were observed (P = 0.08). Regarding probability of hospitalization/death, three risk groups were defined: low <5%, medium 5–20%, and high >20%. Outcome incidence was 2.7% for the low‐risk group, 12.8% for medium risk, and 46.2% for high risk in the derivation cohort, and 9.1%, 12.9%, and 39.6% in the validation one.ConclusionsThe HEFESTOS score, based on variables easily accessible in a community setting and validated in an external European cohort, properly predicted the risk of death/hospitalization during the first 30 days after an HF decompensation episode.
How the perceived cost of prosocial action inspires observers to contribute
Authors: Wu Xiaoyue , Wang Xiang , Xu Qian , Jin Liyin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional wisdom suggests that people are less likely to help when doing so involves a high cost. However, through five experiments, this work demonstrates that when a donor's prosocial action is perceived as costlier, observers are more likely to follow the donor and engage in the same prosocial behaviour (Study 1a, N = 154; Study 1b, N = 127). The effect cannot be attributed to observers’ original preferences for costly prosocial action itself (Study 2; N = 401). Rather, it occurs because when the prosocial action is costlier, observers are more likely to perceive the donor as more intrinsically motived, which, in turn, enhances the desirability of the prosocial action, leading to a higher likelihood that the observers would engage in the same action (Study 3; N = 250). We further show that this effect is attenuated when the donor clearly demonstrates her/his extrinsic motivation (Study 4; N = 149).
Depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area in Brazil
Authors: Nakamura Carina Akemi , Scazufca Marcia , Peters Tim J. , Fajersztajn Lais , Van de Ven Pepijn , Hollingworth William , Araya Ricardo , Moreno‐Agostino Darío 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDepressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology are common but often neglected in older adults.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess rates of depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology, and the characteristics associated, among older adults living in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil.MethodsThis study is part of the PROACTIVE cluster randomised controlled trial. 3356 adults aged 60+ years and registered in 20 primary health clinics were screened for depressive symptomatology with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). Depressive status was classified according to the total PHQ‐9 score and the presence of core depressive symptoms (depressed mood and anhedonia) as follows: no depressive symptomatology (PHQ‐9 score 0–4, or 5–9 but with no core depressive symptom); subthreshold depressive symptomatology (PHQ‐9 score 5–9 and at least one core depressive symptom); and depressive symptomatology (PHQ‐9 score ≥ 10). Sociodemographic information and self‐reported chronic conditions were collected. Relative risk ratios and 95% CIs were obtained using a multinomial regression model.ResultsDepressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology were present in 30% and 14% of the screened sample. Depressive symptomatology was associated with female gender, low socioeconomic conditions and presence of chronic conditions, whereas subthreshold depressive symptomatology was only associated with female gender and having hypertension.ConclusionsDepressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology is highly prevalent in this population registered with primary care clinics. Strategies managed by primary care non‐mental health specialists can be a first step for improving this alarming and neglected situation among older adults.
Dysmetabolism, Diabetes and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Cured of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Real‐Life Cohort Study
Authors: Valenti Luca , Pelusi Serena , Aghemo Alessio , Gritti Sara , Pasulo Luisa , Bianco Cristiana , Iegri Claudia , Cologni Giuliana , Degasperi Elisabetta , D’Ambrosio Roberta , del Poggio Paolo , Soria Alessandro , Puoti Massimo , Carderi Isabella , Pigozzi Marie Graciella , Carriero Canio , Spinetti Angiola , Zuccaro Valentina , Memoli Massimo , Giorgini Alessia , Viganò Mauro , Rumi Maria Grazia , Re Tiziana , Spinelli Ombretta , Colombo Maria Chiara , Quirino Tiziana , Menzaghi Barbara , Lorini Gianpaolo , Pan Angelo , D’Arminio Monforte Antonella , Buscarini Elisabetta , Autolitano Aldo , Bonfanti Paolo , Terreni Natalia , Aimo Gianpiero , Mendeni Monia , Prati Daniele , Lampertico Pietro , Colombo Massimo , Fagiuoli Stefano ,   for the NAVIGATORE‐Lombardia Network
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of features of dysmetabolism on liver disease severity, evolution, and clinical outcomes in a real‐life cohort of patients treated with direct acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To this end, we considered 7,007 patients treated between 2014 and 2018, 65.3% with advanced fibrosis, of whom 97.7% achieved viral eradication (NAVIGATORE‐Lombardia registry). In a subset (n = 748), liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was available at baseline and follow‐up. Higher body mass index (BMI; odds ratio [OR] 1.06 per kg/m2, 1.03‐1.09) and diabetes (OR 2.01 [1.65‐2.46]) were independently associated with advanced fibrosis at baseline, whereas statin use was protective (OR 0.46 [0.35‐0.60]; P < 0.0001 for all). The impact of BMI was greater in those without diabetes (P = 0.003). Diabetes was independently associated with less pronounced LSM improvement after viral eradication (P = 0.001) and in patients with advanced fibrosis was an independent predictor of the most frequent clinical events, namely de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; hazard ratio [HR] 2.09 [1.20‐3.63]; P = 0.009) and cardiovascular events (HR 2.73 [1.16‐6.43]; P = 0.021). Metformin showed a protective association against HCC (HR 0.32 [0.11‐0.96]; P = 0.043), which was confirmed after adjustment for propensity score (P = 0.038). Diabetes diagnosis further refined HCC prediction in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease at high baseline risk (P = 0.024). Conclusion: Metabolic comorbidities were associated with advanced liver fibrosis at baseline, whereas statins were protective. In patients with advanced fibrosis, diabetes increased the risk of de novo HCC and of cardiovascular events. Optimization of metabolic comorbidities treatment by a multi‐disciplinary management approach may improve cardiovascular and possibly liver‐related outcomes.
Quality assurance and quality improvement to enhance yield in the process of dental education
Authors: Chambers David W. 
Published: November 2021

IssueThe second paper in this three‐part perspective on improving dental education through focus on outcomes explores the two common ways of controlling variance in processes such as dental education.ApproachQuality assurance is based on the view that variance is a characteristic of the material or product produced by the process. In the case of dental education this means students. The reputation of educational programs depends to some extent on identifying and correcting or putting aside output that do match standards. This is an expensive process that does not improve educational programs. Quality improvement, by contrast, is grounded in the assumption that there is unwanted variation in the process itself.ImpactReducing system variation through judicious adjustment at each cycle of the process raises yield, reduces the proportion of defects, and reduces program cost. Examples are given where good decisions in the reflection stage of the GEAR cycle make goals more realistic, improve experiences, and promote more effective assessment.
Human macrophage polarization shapesB. pertussisintracellular persistence
Authors: Valdez Hugo A , Marin Franco Jose L , Gorgojo Juan P , Alvarez Hayes Jimena , Balboa Luciana , Fernandez Lahore Marcelo , Sasiain María C , Rodriguez Maria Eugenia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that Bordetella pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough, is able to survive inside human macrophages. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of macrophage polarization in the development of B. pertussis intracellular infections. To this end, primary human monocytes were differentiated into M1, M2a, or M2c macrophages and further infected with B. pertussis. Infected M1 macrophages showed a proinflammatory response evidenced by the production of TNF-α, IL-12p70, and IL-6. Conversely, infection of M2a and M2c macrophages did not induce TNF-α, IL-12p70, nor IL-6 at any time postinfection but showed a significant increase of M2 markers, such as CD206, CD163, and CD209. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-10 and TGF-β, were induced after infection in the 3 macrophage phenotypes. B. pertussis phagocytosis by M1 macrophages was lower than by M2 phenotypes, which may be ascribed to differences in the expression level of B. pertussis docking molecules on the surface of the different phenotypes. Intracellular bactericidal activity was found to be significantly higher in M1 than in M2a or M2c cells, but live bacteria were still detected within the 3 phenotypes at the late time points after infection. In summary, this study shows that intracellular B. pertussis is able to survive regardless of the macrophage activation program, but its intracellular survival proved higher in M2 compared with the M1 macrophages, being M2c the best candidate to develop into a niche of persistence for B. pertussis.
Electropolymerization of Thiophene‐Based Monomers with Different Spatial Structures: The Impact of Monomer Structure on Electrochromic Properties
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Li Rui , Chang Lijing , Ma Yang , Hou Yanjun , Niu Haijun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development prospect of conductive electrochromic (EC) polymers requires the design of polymers with high performance and good stability. Here, a new scheme is designed to enhance EC properties by adjusting the monomer molecular structure. Four monomers with different structures based on thiophene and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) are designed and synthesized. The corresponding polymer films (P1, P2, P3, and P4) are prepared by electrochemical polymerization at low applied potential. The spatial structure–performance relationship of precursors with different structures and polymers is systematically discussed. In the electropolymerization experiments, it is noted that P3 has no EC property. This may be connected to the spatial structure of P3 polymerization which is not suitable for charge transporting. By contrast, the other three polymers exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. The diffusion rate higher of P1 has also been corroborated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectrum. The P1 film has the best stability and fastest colorized time among the samples; such superior electrochemical property may be associated with the closely stacked formed by the unique sheet‐like spatial structure. The design of the space structure has a significant impact on the optical and electrical properties of the polymer film.
Evaluation of the Chemical, Morphological and Dielectric Properties of Supramolecular Networks Consisting of Polyethylene Glycol Polyrotaxanes and Polystyrene/Semi‐Rotaxane with Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrins
Authors: Resmerita Ana‐Maria , Asandulesa Mihai , Farcas Aurica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of 5, 10, and 15 wt% of polystyrene/ hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrins (PS/HPβCD) semi‐rotaxane (SR) incorporation in the polyethylene glycol/hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrins polyrotaxane (PEG/HPβCD) matrix is investigated. The changes of physico‐chemical, morphological, and dielectric properties of the composite materials were evaluated and compared to those of the pure crosslinked film. Scanning electron microscopy attests formation of porous film, whose average size diameters increase with the concentration of PS/HPβCD SR in the composite materials. The type V sorption/desorption isotherms confirm the microporous morphology of the films surfaces. Additionally, the lower water sorption capacity certifies the hydrophobic character of surfaces that is also validated by contact angle measurements. The synthesis of such composite materials is further proved by their increased thermal stability compared to the pure crosslinked film. Analyzing the effect of PS/HPβCD SR concentration to the properties of the composite materials observes that the 5 wt% generates the film with improved physical, morphological, and dielectric properties.
Numerical scheme solving the temperature of the interface between gas and heterogeneous solid with phase change
Authors: Cang Yu , Hu Yue , Wang Lipo , Shen Yongxing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo solve the temperature at the fluid‐solid interface in conjugate heat transfer simulations, a partitioned yet non‐iterative scheme with desirable accuracy has been developed. It takes into account the involved complex effects, for example, heterogeneous solid structure, moving interface, and phase change. The fluid and solid phases are discretized by standard Cartesian and unstructured tetrahedron meshes, respectively. At each time step the moving fluid‐solid interface is tracked with the level‐set function. The non‐iterative solution is achieved by formulating a linear system formed from the discretized interface elements, each of which, either triangular or quadrilateral, is assigned with a respective control volume constructed from adjacent grid points in both fluid and solid phases. The temperature gradient operator is treated by the node‐based Green‐Gauss formula for better robustness if the interface geometry (or mesh) is highly skewed. Numerical results demonstrate the second‐order accuracy with satisfactory robustness even on highly skewed interfaces.
Awareness and attitudes towards sustainability and climate change amongst students and educators in nursing: A systematic integrative review protocol
Authors: Aronsson Jennie , Nichols Andy , Warwick Paul , Elf Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis review identifies and synthesizes literature related to the awareness of and attitudes towards sustainability and climate change from the perspective of nursing students and educators.DesignA systematic integrative review.MethodsThe review will follow the five stages outlined by Whittemore and Knafl: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. The data analysis will be based on inductive content analysis developed by Elo and Kyngäs. Principles of the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) will also inform the review process.ResultsThis review will offer insights about sustainability and climate change in relation to an important target population: the future nursing workforce and those educating its members. Findings might inform curriculum development, potentially contributing to a nursing profession that looks after the health of the planet and the health of the population inhabiting it.
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of adipocyte remodeling during obesity
Authors: Barilla Serena , Treuter Eckardt , Venteclef Nicolas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rising prevalence of obesity over the past decades coincides with the rising awareness that a detailed understanding of both adipose tissue biology and obesity‐associated remodeling is crucial for developing therapeutic and preventive strategies. Substantial progress has been made in identifying the signaling pathways and transcriptional networks that orchestrate alterations of adipocyte gene expression linked to diverse phenotypes. Owing to recent advances in epigenomics, we also gained a better appreciation for the fact that different environmental cues can epigenetically reprogram adipocyte fate and function, mainly by altering DNA methylation and histone modification patterns. Intriguingly, it appears that transcription factors and chromatin‐modifying coregulator complexes are the key regulatory components that coordinate both signaling‐induced transcriptional and epigenetic alterations in adipocytes. In this review, we summarize and discuss current molecular insights into how these alterations and the involved regulatory components trigger adipogenesis and adipose tissue remodeling in response to energy surplus.