bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CpG Methylation of the GPX3 Promoter in Patients with Kashin-Beck Disease Potentially Promotes Chondrocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Rongqiang , Zhang Di , Yang Xiaoli , Zhang Dandan , Li Qiang , Wang Chen , Yang Xuena , Xiong Yongmin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To determine the methylation levels of CpGs in the GPX3 promoter region and explore their potential effects on the apoptosis of chondrocytes.Methods: Blood specimens were collected from 32 participants, including 16 KBD patients and 16 healthy subjects. Twenty-five CpGs in the promoter region of GPX3 were identified and detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. Methylation levels of CpGs were compared between KBD patients and healthy subjects as well as among the KBD patients with different degrees. C28/I2 human chondrocytes were treated with tBHP and Na2SeO3. Apoptosis in chondrocytes was examined under a fluorescence microscope.Results: The methylation levels of GPX3-8_CpG_11, GPX3-8_CpG_16, GPX3-8_CpG_20 in KBD patients were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects (P <0.05). The methylation levels of the other CpGs were not significantly different between the two groups (P> 0.05). The methylation level of GPX3-8_CpG_24 in KBD patients with degree III was significantly higher than those in KBD patients with degree I/II (P <0.05) MSP-PCR analysis indicated that the methylation rate of KBD group (9.41%) was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (1.18%), and that GPX3 DNA methylation increased the risk of acquiring KBD 8 fold (OR = 8.000, 95% CI : 1.023-62.580); The mRNA expression of GPX3 in whole blood of KBD patients was lower than that of healthy subjects (P＜0.05); Compared with the control group, GPX3, GPX1 and GPX4 mRNA level of the tertbutyl hydroperoxide injury group decreased significantly (P <0.05), after supplementation with Na2SeO3. The logarithmic increase in mRNA levels of GPX3, GPX1 and GPX4 decreased the rate of apoptosis in chondrocytes.Conclusion: The methylation patterns of CpGs in GPX3 varied in KBD patients. The experiments indicated that the increased methylation of CpGs within the GPX3 promoter may down-regulate the expression of GPX3, thereby reducing the antioxidant function of GPX3 and promoting chondrocyte apoptosis, both of which accelerates the development of KBD.
Potato Growth, Photosynthesis, Yield, and Quality Response to Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation under Film Mulching in A Cold and Arid Environment
Authors: Li Fuqiang , Deng Haoliang , Wang Yucai , Li Xuan , Chen Xietian , Liu Lintao , Zhang Hengjia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effects of the amount and timing of regulated deficit drip irrigation under plastic film on potato (‘Qingshu 168’) growth, photosynthesis, yield, water use efficiency, and quality were examined from 2017 to 2019 in cold and arid northwestern China. A two-factor randomized design was used with two levels of regulated deficit irrigation (mild, moderate) applied in four stages of potato growth (seedling, tuber initiation, tuber bulking, starch accumulation). Growth and photosynthetic parameters were determined in each growth stage, and yield and quality were measured after harvest. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate decreased significantly under water deficit in the tuber formation and starch accumulation stages, and the decreases were greater with moderate than mild water deficit. Although water deficit reduced potato yields, potato subjected to mild water deficit in the seedling stage had the highest yield at 43,961.91 kg·ha−1, followed by those subjected to mild water deficit in the starch accumulation stage at 42,262.25 kg·ha−1, which were decreases of only 4.50% and 8.19%, respectively, compared with potato under full irrigation. The highest water use efficiency was in potatoes subjected to mild water deficit in the seedling stage (8.67 kg·m−3), with the second highest in those subjected to moderate water deficit in the seedling stage (8.28 kg·m−3), which were significant improvements by 10.87% and 5.84%, respectively, compared with full irrigation. The highest overall quality was in potatoes subjected to mild and moderate water deficit in the seedling stage. The starch content in potatoes with mild water deficit in the seedling stage increased by 3.34% compared with that under full irrigation. In addition, the protein and vitamin C contents in potatoes under moderate water deficit increased significantly by 0.77% and 21.59%, respectively, compared with the contents under full irrigation. Principal component analysis identified mild water stress in the seedling stage as the optimum regulated deficit irrigation regime for potato. Thus, the relative soil water content should be maintained at 55% to 65% of field capacity in the seedling stage but at 65% to 75% in the other growth stages. The results of this study provide theoretical and technical references for efficient water-saving cultivation and industrialization of potato in cold and arid northwestern China.
Comparative Role of Compost, Press Mud and Moringa Leaf Extract to Eliminate the Stress and Growth of Maize in Cadmium Polluted Soil
Authors: Bashir Saqib , Elshikh Mohamed Soliman , Alwahibi Mona S , Gulshan Allah , Iqbal Javaid , Hussain Arif , Bakhsh Ali , Ahmed Niaz , Khan Muhammad Jamal , Fahad Shah , Datta Rahul , Danish Subhan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cadmium contamination in croplands is recognized as one of the major threats, seriously affecting soil health and sustainable agriculture around the globe. Cd mobility in wastewater irrigated soils can be curtailed through eco-friendly and cost effective organic soil amendments compost (CP), press mud (PM) and moringa leaf extract (ME) at 3% rate that eventually reduces its translocation from polluted soil to plant. This study explored the possible effects of various types of organic soil amendments on cadmium (Cd) phytoavailability in wastewater degraded soil and its subsequent accumulation in maize tissues. Maize plant was grown in Ghazi University as a test plant and Cd accumulation was recorded in its tissues, translocation from root to shoot, chlorophyll contents, plant biomass, yield and soil properties (pH, NPK, OM and Soluble Cd) were also examined. Results revealed that the addition of amendments significantly minimized Cd mobility in soil by 45.8%, 23% and 19.4% when CP, PM and ME were added at 3% over control. Comparing the control soil, Cd uptake effectively reduced via plants shoots by 33.3%, 27.7% and 19.4% when CP, PM and ME. In addition, NPK were significantly increased among all the added treatments in the soil-plant system as well as improved chlorophyll contents relative to non-treated soil. The Current study suggested that among all the amendments, compost at 3% rate performed well and might be considered a suitable approach for maize growth in polluted soil.
Correlation of sTILs Infiltration and UBR5 Expression on the Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Efficacy and Prognosis in Early Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Pang Jian , Zhou Li , Liao Liqiu , Wang Shouman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used in patients with TNBC, but there are significant differences in the efficacy of chemotherapy in different patients. Stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) have been widely studied as biomarkers reflecting the therapeutic effect of NAC. As a tumor-associated gene, UBR5 has been found to be associated with chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis of many cancers. This is the first time that we have combined UBR5 and sTILs to evaluate the chemotherapy efficacy of patients with TNBC treated with NAC and to study the correlation between sTILs and UBR5. MethodsSPSS was used to analyze the correlation between UBR5 and sTILs and clinicopathological data. Then doxorubicin and mitoxantrone treated mouse breast cancer cells to explore the relationship between UBR5 expression and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Finally, R language analyzes the relationship between UBR5 and immune-related genes and immune score.ResultsIn patients with TNBC treated with NAC, the expression level of UBR5 and the degree of infiltration of sTILs are independent factors that affect whether the patient can achieve PCR and the expression between the two is negatively correlated. UBR5 expression can cause mouse breast cancer cells to develop resistance to doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. At the same time, UBR5 is also highly correlated with a variety of immune-related genes and immune scores.Conclusion﻿UBR5 and sTILs can jointly predict the efficacy of NAC in patients with TNBC. At the same time, the expression of UBR5 is also an important reason for chemotherapy resistance in patients with TNBC.
Early Onset Favipiravir Saves Lives
Authors: KARATAS Ercan , Aksoy Lacin , Kilic Pinar Elbir , Dogru Arzu , Ozaslan Ersin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Favipiravir, an antiviral recommended for use in patients with tachypnea (respiratory rate 30 / min) in COVID-19 pneumonia, with SpO2 level below 90% in room air and with bilateral diffuse pneumonia on chest X-ray or tomography, or patients with treatment-resistant fever, is a new type of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor. After the administration of Favipiravir, it contributed significantly to reducing mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 positive disease. We performed this study to determine the start time in Favipiravir's covid pneumonia.
Material and Method:
We evaluated the effect of a total of 5 days of oral treatment as a 2 × 1600 mg loading dose and a 2 × 600 mg maintenance dose of Favipiravir added to the standard COVID-19 treatment received by patients with laboratory-radiology-clinical findings who have advanced or severe COVID 19 pneumonia.
Results
180 patients hospitalized at Tuzla State Hospital and given Favipiravir treatment between 20/3/2020 and 30/5/2020 were examined. As of hospitalization, 17 of 101 patients (17%) who were given Favipiravir treatment in ≤ 3 days died, 30 of 79 patients (38%) who were given Favipiravir treatment for in > 3 days died (p:0.002). 33 of 47 patients (70%) who died were > 65 years old. Only 5 of the 47 (11%) patients who died had no comorbid disease. 35 had two or more comorbid diseases.
Conclusion
Patients with radiological findings indicating that COVID-19 will be severe and laboratory findings at the time of the first 3 days should be initiated with an effective dose of Favipiravir treatment without waiting for the clinical worsening.
Renal Shell injuries with Retaining renal shell fragments due to improvised explosive devices. Acute conservative approach and long term follow-up
Authors: Zor Murat , Topuz Bahadir , Kaya Engin , Yilmaz Sercan , Akay Sinan , Bedir Selahattin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Among penetrating injuries, renal shrapnel injuries consist of a rarity of renal gunshot injuries. Due to the paucity of cases reported in the literature, there is no consensus regarding the management of renal shrapnel injuries and retaining renal shell fragments. In this study we aimed to report our non-operative management experience of renal shrapnel injuries who had also retaining renal shell fragments.Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of renal shrapnel injuries that had also retaining renal shell fragments. All hemodynamically stable patients managed non-operatively and included to the study. The medical records of age, renal injury grade according to AAST, presenting pulse, systolic blood pressure, transfusion requirement, complications and need for adjuvant procedures, non-operative management success and mortality was reviewed. Complication rates due to retaining renal shell fragments were assessed by interviewing via telephone at the end of the first year of injury. The patients asked for plumbism symptoms and any surgical intervention for these foreign bodies.Results: A total of 8 patients with retaining renal shell fragments due to renal shrapnel injuries were included to the study. Mean patient age was 27,8 years. Mean follow-up period was 38.7±15.1 months. All patients were male. AAST renal injury scores were grade 1 one, grade 2 two, grade 3 four, grade 4 one patient. All patients were successfully managed non-operatively and discharged on the 7th day without any complication. No symptoms of plumbism and surgery necessity secondary to retaining renal shell fragments were seen in at least one year follow-up.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that non-operative management of renal shrapnel injuries with retaining renal shell fragments lead low complication rates and high chance of renal preservation. However, we must keep in mind that this kind of management is safe in experienced trauma centers that have experienced staff.
Visualization of the Human Enteric Nervous System by Probe Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: A First Real Time Observation of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders.
Authors: Harada Atsushi , Shimojima Naoki , Kobayashi Masakuni , Kamba Shunsuke , Hirobe Seiichi , Sumiyama Kazuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Our group previously proved that the human enteric nervous system can be visualized with confocal laser endomicroscopy after topical application of cresyl violet using surgically resected intestine specimens. The present report documents the first in vivo visualization of the human enteric nervous system with confocal laser endomicroscopy using local cresyl violet staining. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and clinical efficiency of confocal laser endomicroscopy in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease and allied disorders in vivo.Methods: Confocal laser endomicroscopy was performed in vivo in two patients to confirm the presence of the enteric nervous system during surgery in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease and allied disorders. Cresyl violet was gently injected from the serosal side into the muscular layer of the intestine, and scanning was performed within 30 minutes. Then, the scanned intestines were resected, and the visualized area of the specimens was pathologically evaluated.Results: The ganglion cell nuclei and the enteric nervous system network were clearly visualized intraoperatively in both cases. The morphological findings were similar to the pathological findings of the enteric nervous system in both cases although the period of visibility was brief. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the first, real-time observation of the enteric nervous system in humans using confocal laser endomicroscopy and the technical feasibility of visualizing the enteric nervous system in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease and allied disorders.
White Matter Hyperintensity in Different Migraine Subtypes
Authors: Dobrynina Larisa A. , Suslina Anastasia D. , Gubanova Mariia V. , Belopasova Anastasia V. , Sergeeva Anastasia N. , Evers Stefan , Gnedovskaya Elena V. , Krotenkova Marina V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The diagnostic value of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in different types of migraine are unknown. Objective: To evaluate the WMH pattern of different subtypes in migraine patients with no vascular risk factors.Methods: 92 migraine patients (73 females, mean age 34.6±8.9; 61 episodic migraine, 31 chronic migraine, 36 migraine with aura, 56 migraine without aura) without vascular risk factors underwent brain MRI (3T). We also included a matched healthy control group with no migraine (n=24).Results: The prevalence of WMH in different types of migraine was similar and ranged from 38.7% to 44.4%; the control group showed no WMH at all. Lesions were located within frontal, parietal and temporal lobes (in order of decreasing incidence) in juxtacortical and/or deep white matter. WMH appeared as round or slightly elongated foci with a median size of 2.5 mm [1.5; 3]. Total number, size and prevalence of WMH by lobes and white matter regions were similar between groups, and no interaction with age or sex was found. The number of lesions within the frontal lobe juxtacortical white matter correlated with the age of patients (r= 0.331, p=0.001) and the duration since migraine onset (r=0.264, p=0.012). Conclusion: Patients with different migraine subtypes and without vascular risk factors are characterized by a similar pattern of WMH in the absence of subclinical infarctions or microbleedings. Therefore, WMH have no relevant prognostic value regarding the course of migraine and vascular complications. WMH pattern may be used to differentiate migraine as a primary disorder and other disorders with migraine-like headache and WMH.
Influence of Nickel Addition&nbsp;on&nbsp;the Stability, Trapping, and Diffusion Behaviour of Hydrogen in&nbsp;Vanadium: A First-Principles Investigation
Authors: Qin Jiayao , Liu Zhigao , Zhao Wei , Wang Dianhui , Zhang Yanli , Zhong Yan , Hu Chaohao , Wang Zhongmin , Liu Jiangwen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen embrittlement causes deterioration of materials used in hydrogen energy systems. Alloying is an effective means for overcoming this issue. In this study, the first-principles calculation method was used to investigate the effects of alloying Ni on the stability, dissolution, trapping, and diffusion behaviour of interstitial/vacancy H atoms in V. The calculated phonon spectra and solution energies of the vacancy/interstitial H atoms revealed that the V–Ni phase was dynamically and thermodynamically stable, and Ni addition could reduce the stability of V hydrides and improve their resistance to H embrittlement. H atoms in the interstitials and vacancies preferentially occupied the tetrahedral interstitial site (TIS) and octahedral interstitial site (OIS) with the lowest solution energies and diffused along the TIS → TIS and OIS → OIS paths with the minimum diffusion barrier energies. The trapping energy of the vacancy H atoms indicated that the addition of Ni could reduce the H trapping capability of the vacancies and suppress the retention of H in V. Detailed analysis of the calculated H diffusion barriers indicated that the presence of monovacancy defects blocked the diffusion of H atoms more than the presence of interstitials, and Ni doping did not enhance the H diffusion coefficient.
Survival Predictors of Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: a SEER-based Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Ningning , Wang Qingqing , Chen Fengxia , Ou Haibin , Zeng Yangyang , Zhou Yunfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Metastatic adrenocortical carcinomas (MAC) have a poor prognosis. Advanced adrenocortical carcinoma often metastasizes to lung and liver. Prognostic factors of MAC have been rarely reported. This study aims to identify the association between specific metastasis and overall survival (OS) in MAC and determine the survival predictors for MAC patients.Methods: MAC patients' data was obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2016. Survival differences were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the prognostic factors associated with overall survival.Results: A total of 152 MAC patients were selected, among whom 77 patients (50.7%) were diagnosed with one metastatic site, 75 (49.3%) diagnosed with more than one distant metastasis. For the whole MAC cohort, multivariable analysis showed that year of diagnosis between 2013 and 2016, without liver metastasis, surgery and chemotherapy were significantly favorable predictors of OS. For patients with one metastatic site, lung metastases had a better survival outcome than liver metastases(p=0.037). Besides, compared with patients who didn’t received surgery, patients underwent surgery were correlated with longer OS (p=0.004). For patients with more than one site of distant metastases, married status, surgery, and chemotherapy predicted a better OS. Radiotherapy did not improve overall survival outcomes in the three cohort.Conclusion: Liver metastasis has a poor prognosis. Year of diagnosis, metastatic sites, surgery and chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors for OS in MAC patients. For patients with single metastasis, surgery was a favorable prognostic factor, while married patients, surgery and chemotherapy predicted a better survival outcome in patients with more than one metastasis. Based on the collective findings, surgery can be regarded as the preferred treatment option for all MAC patients. Besides, chemotherapy is also a good choice for patients with multiple metastases.
Discrimination of Skyrmion Chirality Via Spin-Orbit and -Transfer Torques for Logic Operation
Authors: Nakatani Yoshinobu , Yamada Keisuke , Hirohata Atsufumi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently many works on magnetic memories and logic circuits, which use a magnetic skyrmion have been reported. Previously we micromagnetically simulated a method to switch a chirality of a magnetic skyrmion formed in a magnetic thin film by introducing a pulsed heat spot. In this paper, we propose a method to discriminate the chirality of a skyrmion in a branched nanowire by using spin-orbit torque (SOT) and spin-transfer torque (STT), and confirm the validity of the method by using simulation. The simulated results show that the motion changes depending on the chirality when additional SOT is applied on a skyrmion moving in a branch by STT. This method can be used as a fundamental building block for electrical detection in memory and logic devices using the chirality of skyrmions as a data bit in addition to the presence (and polarity) of the skyrmions as conventionally used, which can be lead to multiple-valued operation.
Identification of Antigenic Domains and Peptides from VP15 of White Spot Syndrome Virus and their Antiviral Effects in Marsupenaeus Japonicus
Authors: Boonyakida Jirayu , Xu Jian , Satoh Jun , Nakanishi Takafumi , Mekata Toru , Kato Tatsuya , Park Enoch Y. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most devastating pathogens in penaeid shrimp and can cause massive damage in shrimp aquaculture industries. Previously, the WSSV structural protein VP15 was identified as an antigenic reagent against WSSV infections. In this study, we truncated this protein into VP15(1−25), VP15(26−57), VP15(58−80), and VP15(1−25,58−80). The purified proteins from the E. coli expression system were assayed as potential protective agents in Kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) using the prime-and-boost strategy. Among the four truncated constructs, VP15(26−57) provided a significant improvement in the shrimp survival rate after 20 days of viral infection. Subsequently, four peptides (KR11, SR11, SK10, and KK13) from VP15(26−57) were synthesized and applied in an in vivo assay. Our results showed that SR11 could significantly enhance the shrimp survival rate, as determined from the accumulated survival rate. Moreover, a multiligand binding protein with a role in the host immune response and a possible VP15-binding partner, MjgC1qR, from the host M. japonicus were employed to test its binding with the VP15 protein. GST pull-down assays revealed that MjgC1qR binds with VP15, VP15(26−57), and SR11. Taken together, we conclude that SR11 is a determinant antigenic peptide of VP15 conferring antiviral activity against WSSV.