bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Surgery Research Unit of the Latin American Indicator Research Collaboratory: An Action Model for Grassroots Collection of Lancet Commission on Global Surgery Indicators
Authors: Ginalis Elizabeth Elaine , Morales Carlos , Mendoza Clara , Hanna Joseph S , Peck Gregory L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends collection of six surgical indicators to inform surgical system strengthening and improve access to surgical care. However, a standardized practice has yet to be described to guide nations towards this endeavor via a sustainable and reproducible grassroots intervention (i.e., developing information management).Methods. A research team structure, termed a “global surgery research unit” (GSRU), was developed between a hospital in Medellin, Colombia and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. The GSRU implemented a grassroots intervention in a single center over three months to study the feasibility of obtaining LCoGS indicators 1-4 via hospital medical records, administrative surveys, and patient interviews. The intervention was then retrospectively evaluated utilizing a review of implementation outcomes.Results. During the feasibility study period, 84.5% of general/ trauma surgery patients interviewed reported traveling less than two hours. The workforce includes 15 general surgeons, 34 anesthesiologists, and 9 obstetrician-gynecologists. Total surgical volume is estimated to be 15,180 procedures per year, with a 30-day postoperative mortality rate of 1.8%. Evaluation of implementation outcomes revealed grassroots, single center collection of LCoGS indicators was feasible. However, increased workforce and time commitment is required for sustainability.Conclusions. This learner-driven model introduces a feasible grassroots intervention for LCoGS indicators 1-4 collection in a single center. Grassroots interventions may inform practical collection of individual hospital indicators to inform the information management component of a hospital system. However, continued evaluation of the GSRU and methodological processes is needed to optimize model efficacy and expand indicator data collection.
Clustering and Graph Mining Techniques for Classification of Complex Structural Variations in Cancer Genomes
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Gonzalo , Delgado-Serrano Luisa , Carrera David , Torrents David , Berral Josep Lluis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: For many years, a major question in the ﬁeld of cancer genomics has been the identiﬁcation of those variations that can have a functional role in cancer, and distinguish from the majority of genomic changes that have no functional consequences. This is particularly challenging when considering complex chromosomal rearrangements, which are often composed of multiple DNA breaks, resulting in diﬃculties to classify and interpret them functionally. Despite recent eﬀorts towards the classiﬁcation of structural variants (SVs), more robust statistical frames are needed to better classify these variants, and to isolate those that derive from speciﬁc molecular mechanisms. Results: We present a new statistical approach to analyze SVs patterns from 2392 real tumor samples from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium and to identify signiﬁcant recurrence, which can inform of relevant mechanisms involved in the biology of tumors. The method is based on recursive KDE clustering of 152,926 SVs, graph mining techniques and statistical measures. The proposed methodology was able not only to identify complex patterns but also to prove them as not random occurrences. Furthermore, a new class of pattern that was not previously described has been identiﬁed. Conclusions: We developed a new and unbiased methodology for clustering SVs to search further for complex patterns by using a cost-eﬃcient graph mining method. Followed by deep statistical analysis and applying randomization techniques, our proposed framework allows for discerning between stochastic chromosomal rearrangements and complex patterns that might have speciﬁc underlying mechanisms present in diﬀerent cancer types.
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Fasciola Hepatica Isolates From Cattle and Sheep in Golestan Province, Northeast of Iran.
Authors: Halakou Ahmad , Taghipour Niloofar , Amin Abbas , Bandehpour Mojgan , Kazemi Bahram , Khazan Hooshang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Fascioliasis in livestock and humans, caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, has socioeconomic importance worldwide. Iran is one of the important endemic foci for fascioliasis. Molecular approaches can be precise and reliable for the identification and characterization of Fasciola spp. The aims of this study were molecular identification of Fasciola hepatica isolates in Golestan province, north of Iran, and then comparative analysis of results using GenBank sequences.Material and Method: Fasciola flukes were isolated from the livers of infected livestock. DNA was extracted from samples using the phenol-chloroform technique. RFLP-PCR using TasI restriction enzyme was performed along with morphometric evaluations for the detection of F. hepatica species. PCR was performed to amplify partial fragments of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), cytochrome c oxidase sub.1 (CO1), and NADH dehydrogenase sub.1 (ND1) genes for samples that were confirmed as F. hepatica. Twenty-eight PCR products were sequenced. The phylogenetic tree with MEGA 7 software was drawn for all three genes. Results: Out of 271 flukes collected from sheep and cattle, 126 confirmed as F. hepatica by the PCR-RFLP method. Results based on PCR-RFLP analysis were confirmed by sequence analysis. Only one haplotype for the CO1 gene and four different haplotypes for the ND1 gene were identified. Seven sequences of each gene registered on GenBank and accession numbers were received.Conclusions: This study showed that F. hepatica is widely distributed among livestock in Golestan province. It was also found that genetic diversity among the ND1 region in isolates of our study was considerably higher than the CO1 sequence region.
Phase I/II Trial of Ruxolitinib in Combination with Trastuzumab in Metastatic HER2 Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Kearney Matthew , Franks Lauren , Lee Shing , Tiersten Amy , Makower Della F , Cigler Tessa , Mundi Prabhjot , Chi Dow-Chung , Goel Anupama , Klein Pam , Andreopoulou Eleni , Sparano Joseph , Trivedi Meghna , Accordino Melissa , Califano Andrea , Hershman Dawn L , Silva Jose , Kalinsky Kevin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Preclinical data demonstrate STAT3 as an important regular in HER2+ tumors, and disruption of the IL6-JAK2-STAT-S100A8/S100A9 signaling cascade reduces HER2+ cell viability. Ruxolitinib is an FDA approved inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2. We performed a phase I/II trial investigating the safety and efficacy of the combination of trastuzumab and ruxolitinib in patients with trastuzumab-resistant metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Methods: Patients with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer progressing on at least 2 lines of HER2-directed therapy were eligible. The phase I portion determined the tolerable dose of ruxolitinib in combination with trastuzumab. The primary objective of the phase II was to assess the progression free survival (PFS) of the combination of ruxolitinib plus trastuzumab compared to historical control. Results: Twenty-eight patients were enrolled, with a median number of prior therapies of 4.5. Ruxolitinib 25mg twice daily was the recommended phase II dose with no DLTs. Of 26 evaluable patients in phase II, the median PFS was 8.3 weeks (95% CI: 7.1, 13.9). Among the 14 patients with measurable disease, 1 patient had a partial response and 4 patients had stable disease. Most of the adverse events were hematologic.Conclusion: While well-tolerated with a strong preclinical rationale, the combination of ruxolitinib and trastuzumab did not lead to an improvement in PFS compared to historical control in patients with trastuzumab-resistant metastatic HER2+ breast cancer.
Use of Response Surface Methodology on Medium Components Optimization for Embryogenic Callus Induction in Sugarcane (Saccharum Sp.) Cv. Cp 72-2086
Authors: Germán-Báez Lourdes Janeth , Santos-Ballardo David Ulises , Esparza-Araiza Mayra , Orozco-Guillen Eber Enrique , Flores-Castellanos Junio , Medina-Godoy Sergio , Hernández-Verdugo Sergio , Valdez-Ortiz Angel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The importance of sugarcane culture has in the agriculture and industrial market, demand the development of efficient in vitro propagation systems; in this sense embryogenic callus has a great impact in basic research and industrial applications, due to this, the development of protocols for embryogenic callus induction is of great importance. In this work, an optimized protocol for embryogenic callus induction was developed; to do this, the balance of the phytohormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in the culture media composition was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) in order to maximize the percentage of samples with embryogenic callus (%SEC) and the weight gain on callus produced (ΔCW) in Saccharum sp. cv. CP72-2086. Best results in the %SEC were obtained as the 2,4-D concentration decreased; meanwhile, in the case of IBA the best results were obtained in the concentration range from 2.5 to 5.5 mg L-1. Regarding ΔCW, maximum values were obtained at 2,4-D concentrations in the range of 0.5 mg L-1 to 1.89 mg L-1 in combination with IBA in the range of 4.55 mg L-1 to 5.25 mg L-1. The best predicted response was obtained at a combination of 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 3.53 mg L-1 IBA, from which the predicted values of the model were 100.0 of %SEC and 1.4323 g of ΔCW. The experimental values were very close to those predicted by RSM, which suggests that a computer-based experimental design it is very useful to optimize protocols for successful embryogenic callus induction in sugarcane.
Long-term Monitoring of a Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) Population Reveals Kin-associated Migration Patterns and Contributions by Resident Trout to the Anadromous Run
Authors: Duval Eloïse , Skaala Øystein , Quintela María , Dahle Geir , Delaval Aurélien , Wennevik Vidar , Glover Kevin A. , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In species showing partial migration, as is the case for many salmonid fishes, it is important to assess how anthropogenic pressure experienced by migrating individuals affects the total population. We focused on brown trout (Salmo trutta) from the Guddal River in the Norwegian Hardanger Fjord system, which encompasses both resident and anadromous individuals. Aquaculture has led to increased anthropogenic pressure on brown trout during the marine phase in this region. Fish traps installed in the Guddal River allowed for sampling all ascending anadromous spawners and descending smolts. We analyzed microsatellite DNA markers based on biopsy samples of all individuals ascending from 2006-2016, along with all emigrating smolts in 2017. We investigated 1) if there was evidence for declines in census numbers and effective population size during that period, 2) if there was association between kinship and migration timing in smolts and anadromous adults, and 3) to what extent resident trout were parents of outmigrating smolts.Results: Census counts of anadromous spawners showed no evidence for a decline from 2006-2016, but were lower than in 2000-2005. Estimates of effective population size also showed no trends of declines during the study period. Sibship reconstruction of the 2017 smolt run showed significant association between kinship and migration timing, and a similar association was indicated in anadromous spawners. Parentage assignment of 2017 smolts based on anadromous parents from previous years, and assuming that unknown parents represented resident trout, showed that 70% of smolts had at least one resident parent and 24% had two resident parents.Conclusions: The results bear evidence of a population that after an initial decline has stabilized at a lower number of anadromous spawners. The significant association between kinship and migration timing in smolts suggests that specific episodes of elevated mortality in the sea could disproportionally affect some families and reduce overall effective population size. Finally, the results based on parentage assignment demonstrate a strong buffering effect of resident trout in case of elevated marine mortality affecting anadromous trout, but also highlight that increased mortality of anadromous trout, most of which are females, may lower overall production in the system.
Clinical, diagnostic, and treatment features of Body Packing in Brazil: drugs, cell phones and beyond
Authors: Guimarães Vinícius Henrique Almeida , Cassiano Carolina , de Queiroz Dylmadson Iago Brito , Elias Christian Tales , Lenza Roberto da Mata , Pastore Ricardo , Oliveira Carlo José Freire 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Body packing is the smuggling of drugs and other contents inside the human body and may represent a serious health risk. Despite studies from several countries, the clinical and surgical aspects of this emergency in Brazil have not been well-explored, especially when considering non-narcotic contents. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate cases of body packers treated by the surgical emergency service of a tertiary hospital in a central region of Brazil. We sought to highlight this medical emergency by considering both narcotic and non-narcotic contents smuggled by body packers. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of body packers admitted from January 2015 to December 2019 at one of the main tertiary hospitals in central Brazil. Ten cases of body packing were observed. Results: Only 50% of the patients carried drugs, while surprisingly, 70% carried non-content, such as cell phones (40%), cell phone chargers (40%), Durepox adhesives (10%), small saws (10%), and pen-drives (10%). All the patients were male, inmates, and young adults, and body packing was carried out by oral ingestion. In 20% of the cases, there were no important clinical manifestations; in 60% of the cases, there were signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal obstruction; and in 30%, there was acute narcotic intoxication. Abdominal radiography was used for diagnosis in 80% of the cases, and endoscopy and tomography were used for the remaining 20%. In 90% of the cases, emergency laparotomy with gastrostomy was required. All the patients successfully recovered. Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of body packing of non-narcotic content; however, clinical and radiological presentations were similar to those of narcotic content, except for the presentation of acute narcotic intoxication. Emergency surgery was the most utilized intervention for the body packers and proved to be effective for both content types. This study highlights the concerning high prevalence of body packing of cell phones and accessories in addition to drugs; therefore, health professionals, surgeons, and security agents must be aware of the involvement of body packing in the trafficking of non-narcotic contents in Brazil.
Investigation of cortical thickness and volume during spontaneous attacks of migraine without aura: a 3-Tesla MRI study
Authors: Amin Faisal Mohammad , De Icco Roberto , Al-Karagholi Mohammad MA , Raghava Jayachandra , Wolfram Frauke , Larsson Henrik BW , Ashina Messoud 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundStructural imaging has revealed changes in cortical thickness in migraine patients compared to healthy controls is reported, but presence of dynamic cortical and subcortical changes during migraine attack versus inter-ictal phase is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible changes in cortical thickness during spontaneous migraine attacks. We hypothesized that pain-related cortical area would be affected during the attack compared to an inter-ictal phase.MethodsTwenty-five patients with migraine without aura underwent three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging on a 3-Tesla MRI scanner during spontaneous and untreated migraine attacks. Subsequently, 20 patients were scanned in the inter-ictal phase, while 5 patients did not show up for the inter-ictal scan. Four patients were excluded from the analysis because of bilateral migraine pain and another one patient was excluded due to technical error in the imaging. Longitudinal image processing was done using FreeSurger. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and to control for multiple comparison the level of significance was set at p =0.025. ResultsIn a total of 15 patients, we found reduced cortical thickness of the prefrontal ( p =0.023), pericalcarine ( p =0.024), and temporal pole ( p =0.017) cortices during the attack compared to the inter-ictal phase. Cortical volume was reduced in prefrontal ( p =0.018) and pericalcarine ( p =0.017) cortices. Hippocampus volume was increased during attack ( p =0.007). We found no correlations between the pain side or any other clinical parameters and the reduced cortical size. ConclusionSpontaneous migraine attacks are accompanied by transient reduced cortical thickness and volume in pain-related areas. The findings constitute a fingerprint of acute pain in migraine patients, which can be used as a possible biomarker to predict antimigraine treatment effect in future studies. Trial registrationThe study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02202486).
Ají Amarillo Chilli-Assisted Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their H2O2 Sensing Ability
Authors: Kumar Brajesh , Smita Kumari , Debut Alexis , Cumbal Luis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Scope of green chemistry in nanobiotechnology is generating research interest in the development of an ecofriendly synthesis of nanoparticles and their wide range of applications in engineering and biomedical field. In the present study, we report a simple and ecofriendly phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Ají amarillo chilli (Capsicum baccatum L.) fruit, where phytoconstituents of C. baccatum behaves as a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. The phyotsynthesized AgNPs were characterized through various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The produced AgNPs showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at λmax = 458 nm and stable for 10 days, confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) explained that produced AgNPs were almost spherical in shape with average size of 10-30 nm along with small aggregation. Aggregation of AgNPs was indicated in the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The results also demonstrate that as-synthesized AgNPs are low-cost and rapid alternative as optical chemical sensors and showed >50% H2O2 quenching/ sensing activity for 15 mins at room temperature.
Surface Modiﬁcation of AlN Powders By N-Vinylpyrrolidone Copolymers For Anti-Hydrolysis
Authors: Xie Jianjun , Wang Yu , Wang Shun , Yu Guangcheng , Wang Tun , Zhang Lei , Shi Ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By simply reacting raw aluminum nitride (AlN) powders with water-soluble N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) copolymers in absolute ethanol at a certain temperature to prepared hydrolysis-resistant AlN powders. The surface chemical structure and phase composition of the AlN powder has been investigated by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface morphology and element distribution of AlN were observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the pH change of modified AlN powders was measured at different temperatures by soaked in deionized water to directly characterize the hydrolysis resistance. It was found that the surface of AlN was successfully coated and wrapped by seven kinds of N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers and effectively improved the hydrolysis resistance to varying degrees, among which N-vinylpyrrolidone-maleic anhydride copolymer and N-vinylpyrrolidone-itaconic acid copolymer have the best anti-hydrolysis effect which can maintain the properties of AlN unchanged after being soaked in water at 25°C for 24 hours.
Evaluation of New Properties of Calcined Magnetite Doped with Zinc and Lanthanum Nanoparticles Prepared in Oxygen and Nitrogen Atmospheres
Authors: Zayed Mohamed A. , Mubarak Mahmoud F. , Abdel-maksoud Gehad M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present research is the preparation of magnetite nanoparticles doped with Zn and La of the general formula ZnLa(x)Fe(3-x)O4 where x =0.0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3; which were prepared via co-precipitation method, separated and calcined at 800oC under oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres. The stoichiometric ratios of the elements in the given general formula had been proved and confirmed by elemental analyses using XRF. Various techniqueshave been used to analyze the prepared nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of one single phase of nanoparticles components with average crystalline size ranged from 6 to 9 nm at oxygen atmosphere and from 6 to 8 at nitrogen atmosphere.These size values had been calculated by Debye-Scherrer equation. The optical properties carried out by Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer.The morphology of the prepared magnetite nanoparticles was studied using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Optical properties were demonstrated by UV–visible–NIR spectrophotometer. The high absorbance values of Zn La(x)Fe(3-x)O4 were found to 80-97 and 80-99 % in the visible wavelength range of 400-800 nm for the prepared samples in presence of O2 and N2 gas at room temperature, respectively. These proved the lower values of energy band gap in both conditions. The lowering of energy band gap of 1.89 eV for nanoparticles prepared in O2 gas and 1.78 eV for prepared in N2 gas in most samples may be attributed to incorporation of Zn cation. These results are confirmed by photo luminscence spectra (PL) measurements of the prepared samples. Magnetic properties of the given samples obtained from vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM);showed that most of these samples exhibited almost superparamagnetic behavior. These magnetic values (32.87 and 24.79 emu/g) infer super saturation magnetization of the given samples prepared in O2 and N2 gas at room temperature, respectively. Examination of the magnetic properties revealed decrease in saturation magnetization with increasing La ion concentrations incorporation up to x = 0.3. The evaluated magnetic and optical properties of the novel prepared ZnLa(x)Fe(3-x)O4nano-materials revealed their possible use in different industrial fields like bio-applications, in electronic components, cosmetics, antibacterial agents, and in solar cells. The antibacterial activity study of the prepared NPs revealed them highly efficient against different kinds of bacteria that increase with increase of La % doped in their entity.