bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Da “Ordem” ao Caos: a falácia da educação atual frente à demanda de construção de novos paradigmas educacionais
Authors: Silveira Rosangela Alves da , Souza Ediléia Alves Mendes 
Published: May 2021

RESUMO
O artigo busca analisar a abrupta disruptura efetivada nas práticas de ensino e de aprendizagem costumeiramente consideradas na tradição pedagógica e formativa atual, em razão da pandemia da COVID 19. Destaca as causas e os impactos desta realidade e aponta as contradições e desafios para os professores formadores, para a pesquisa pedagógica e para a organização de novos paradigmas de educação e de ensino. Apresenta a potencialidade crítica da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica para a radiografia do presente momento e para a possibilidade de sua superação.
ABSTRACT
The article seeks to analyze the abrupt disruption effected in teaching and learning practices usually considered in the current pedagogical and training tradition, due to the pandemic of COVID 19. It highlights the causes and impacts of this reality and points out the contradictions and challenges for teacher educators , for pedagogical research and for the organization of new education and teaching paradigms. It presents the critical potential of Historical-Critical Pedagogy for the radiography of the present moment and for the possibility of overcoming it.
Smoke-charged vortices in the stratosphere generated by wildfires and their behaviour in both hemispheres: comparing Australia 2020 to Canada 2017
Authors: Lestrelin Hugo , Legras Bernard , Podglajen Aurélien , Salihoglu Mikail 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The two most intense wildfires of the last decade that took place in Canada in 2017 and Australia in 2019–2020 were followed by large injections of
smoke into the stratosphere due to pyro-convection. After the Australian
event, Khaykin et al. (2020) and Kablick et al. (2020) discovered that part of this smoke self-organized as anticyclonic confined vortices that rose in the mid-latitude stratosphere up to 35 km. Based on
Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations and the ERA5 reanalysis, this new study analyses the Canadian case and finds, similarly, that a large plume had penetrated the
stratosphere by 12–13 August 2017 and then became trapped within a mesoscale anticyclonic structure that travelled across the Atlantic. It then broke
into three offspring that could be followed until mid-October, performing three round-the-world journeys and rising up to 23 km. We analyse
the dynamical structure of the vortices produced by these two wildfires and demonstrate how the assimilation of the real temperature and ozone
data from instruments measuring the signature of the vortices explains the appearance and maintenance of the vortices in the constructed
dynamical fields. We propose that these vortices can be seen as bubbles of small, almost vanishing, potential vorticity and smoke carried vertically
across the stratification from the troposphere inside the middle stratosphere by their internal heating, against the descending flux of the
Brewer–Dobson circulation.
Interactions of organosulfates with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions
Authors: Peng Chao , Razafindrambinina Patricia N. , Malek Kotiba A. , Chen Lanxiadi , Wang Weigang , Huang Ru-Jin , Zhang Yuqing , Ding Xiang , Ge Maofa , Wang Xinming , Asa-Awuku Akua A. , Tang Mingjin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Organosulfates (OSs) are important constituents of secondary organic
aerosols, but their hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nucleation
(CCN) activities have not been well understood. In this work we employed
three complementary techniques to characterize interactions of several OSs
with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions. A vapor sorption
analyzer was used to measure mass changes in OS samples with relative humidity (RH, 0 %–90 %);
among the 11 organosulfates examined, only sodium methyl sulfate
(methyl-OS), sodium ethyl sulfate (ethyl-OS), sodium octyl sulfate
(octyl-OS) and potassium hydroxyacetone sulfate were found to deliquesce as
RH increased, and their mass growth factors at 90 % RH were determined to
be 3.65 ± 0.06, 3.58 ± 0.02, 1.59 ± 0.01 and 2.20 ± 0.03. Hygroscopic growth of methyl-, ethyl- and octyl-OS aerosols was also
studied using a humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA);
continuous hygroscopic growth was observed, and their growth factors at
90 % RH were determined to be 1.83 ± 0.03, 1.79 ± 0.02 and
1.21 ± 0.02. We further investigated CCN activities of methyl-, ethyl-
and octyl-OS aerosols, and their single hygroscopicity parameters (κccn) were determined to be 0.459 ± 0.021, 0.397 ± 0.010 and 0.206 ± 0.008. For methyl- and ethyl-OS aerosols, κccn
values agree reasonably well with those derived from H-TDMA measurements
(κgf) with relative differences being < 25 %, whereas
κccn was found to be ∼ 2.4 times larger than
κgf for octyl-OS, likely due to both the solubility limit and
surface tension reduction.
First assessment of the earth heat inventory within CMIP5 historical simulations
Authors: Cuesta-Valero Francisco José , García-García Almudena , Beltrami Hugo , Finnis Joel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere over the last century has caused an accumulation of heat within the ocean, the continental subsurface, the atmosphere and the cryosphere. Although ∼90 % of the energy gained by the climate system has been stored in the ocean, the other components of the Earth heat inventory cannot be neglected due to their influence on associated climate processes dependent on heat storage, such as sea level rise and permafrost stability. However, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of the heat inventory within global climate simulations yet. Here, we explore the ability of 30 advanced general circulation models (GCMs) from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to simulate the distribution of heat within the Earth's energy reservoirs for the period 1972–2005 of the Common Era. CMIP5 GCMs simulate an average heat storage of 247±172 ZJ (96±4 % of total heat content) in the ocean, 5±9 ZJ (2±3 %) in the continental subsurface, 2±3 ZJ (1±1 %) in the cryosphere and 2±2 ZJ (1±1 %) in the atmosphere. However, the CMIP5 ensemble overestimates the ocean heat content by 83 ZJ and underestimates the continental heat storage by 9 ZJ and the cryosphere heat content by 5 ZJ, in comparison with recent observations. The representation of terrestrial ice masses and the continental subsurface, as well as the response of each model to the external forcing, should be improved in order to obtain better representations of the Earth heat inventory and the partition of heat among climate subsystems in global transient climate simulations.
Historical cartographic and topo-bathymetric database on the French Rhône River (17th–20th century)
Authors: Arnaud Fanny , Sehen Chanu Lalandy , Grillot Jules , Riquier Jérémie , Piégay Hervé , Roux-Michollet Dad , Carrel Georges , Olivier Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Space and time analyses of channel changes, especially within large rivers
subject to high levels of human impact, are critical to address multiple
questions about rivers in the Anthropocene era. The reconstruction of
long-term (> 150 year) evolutionary trajectories permits an
understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors impact
hydromorphological and ecological processes in rivers, helps with the design
of sustainable management and restoration options, and may also help in the
assessment of future changes. However, the reconstruction of channel changes
can be challenging: historical data are often scattered across many
archives, and the quantity and accuracy of information generally decreases
as one goes back in time. This data article provides a historical database
of 350 cartographic and topo-bathymetric resources on the French Rhône
River (530 km in length) compiled from the 17th to mid-20th
century, with a temporal focus prior to extensive river training (1860s).
The data were collected in 14 national, regional, and departmental archive
services. A table describes the properties of each archived data item and
its associated iconographic files. Some of the historical maps are available
in a georeferenced format. A GIS layer enables one-click identification of
all archive data available for a given reach of the French Rhône River.
This database provides substantial new material for deeper analyses of
channel changes over a longer time period and at a finer time step compared
with previously available data. The database has several potential
applications in geomorphology, retrospective hydraulic modelling, historical
ecology, and river restoration, as well as permitting comparisons with other
multi-impacted rivers worldwide. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922437 (Arnaud et al., 2020a). Iconographic extracts of the
350 archived items are available at http://photo.driihm.fr/index.php/category/52 (last access: 2 May 2021).
Prediction of Performance of Rotary Bottom Hole Assembly For Directional Well
Authors: AL-Jawad Dr.Mohammed S. , Dabaj Dr.A.A.AL- , Abdul Hussien Hassan Abdul Hadi 
Published: May 2021

A finite element model was constructed to predict inclination tendency for multistabilizer rotary BHA in three dimensions, static condition. The bottom hole assembly was idealized with beam element capable of resisting axial forces, bending moments about the two principal axes, and twisting moments about its centroidal axis. Bit and stabilizer were treated as contact point and restricted from movement in all directions. Each element is loaded with gravity and normal contact forces.
Model validation showed closer agreement between the model and Jiazhi's method (analytic) for slick, single, and two stabilizers BHA, compared to Akgun results. Predictions with finite element model showed that for building assembly, the weight on bit had small effect on bit side force especially in high angle wells. Also inclination tendency (building, dropping) would depend on position of the stabilizer, diameter of drillcollar behind the bit, and number of stabilizers.
An Optimum Bits Selection for a Southern Iraqi Oil Field Located in Basra Region by Depending a New Algorithm
Authors: Naser Manar Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Even drill bits cost are about 3-5% of the total drilling budget, but bits performance affects as much as 60% of the drilling cost[1] that would explain the necessity of continuous studying and developing this tool to improve drilling performance. Unfortunately, most of Iraqi oil fields managed by states companies does not give the proper attention for bits optimization issues, that would cause insufficient bits used to drill a certain formation due to the absence of a serious dealing with formation hardness and other bit selection criteria while designing, or making bits purchases contracts, or they would satisfy by a minimum rates of penetration.
Unfortunately, the bit selection issue is matched the optimum selection for the drilling parameters issue, it is a matter of tri and error [2].
In this study, a southern Iraqi oil field located in Basra region have been selected to optimize the bits used to drill its wells.
Summarizations of bits selection methods have been reviewed, advantages and disadvantages of possibility to applicant those methods in Basra regions have been introduced. A proper algorithm for selecting bits in Iraq was also presented. An economic evaluation for a different bit type's strategies used to drill holes of Mishrif wells in Basra oil fields region also discussed.
This study improve that using bits holding the IADC code 425, M322 PDC bit with 6th blades and 16mm cutter size and M323 PDC bit with 5th blades and 6mm cutter size are the optimum selection to drill the surface, intermediate, and production holes consequently.
This study is applicable to all Iraqi oil fields and especially for Basra region oil fields due to its large analogous on the lithology column and the drilling problems may combined the drilling operations among the different oil fields in this area.
Effect of Different Operating Conditions on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Oxygenated Sodium Sulphate Solution
Authors: Hasan Basim O. , Sadek Sara A. 
Published: May 2021

Carbon steel is a major metal used in manufacturing of the equipments used in petroleum industry and it is subject to different operating conditions causing various corrosion attacks. Corrosion of carbon steel in sodium sulphate solution (Na2SO4) under flow conditions was investigated using rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) for a range of rotation velocity (0 – 2000 rpm) and temperatures (32 - 52 oC). The corrosion rate was determined by using both weight loss method and electrochemical polarization technique (limiting current density). Different salt concentrations were investigated ranged from 0.01 to 0.4 M. The effect of time (or corrosion product formation) and the effect of oxygen concentration through air bubbling in the solution were also investigated and discussed. The results showed that increasing rotational velocity leads to a considerable increase in the corrosion rate represented by limiting current density. The corrosion rate had unstable trend with salt concentrations and temperature. Generally, the corrosion rate decreased appreciably with time due to the formation of corrosion product layer depending on rotational velocity, temperature, and oxygen concentration. It was found that, air pumping through the salt solution leads to a considerable increase in the limiting current density (iL) depending on rotational velocity, temperature, and time.
Pressure Changes in Pipe Transporting Mixture of Iraqi Crude Oils (Gathering System)
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Maha R. , Daway Mohammed M. 
Published: May 2021

A study has been done to represent the pressure changes along gathering system in pipelines transporting Iraqi's crude oils; the study is divided into four parts. The first part represents the calculations of pressure drop in pipelines transporting petroleum fluid from the well head to a gathering point. In this part, there is a two-phase flow (gas and liquid). The calculations of pressure change in this part depends upon determination of some properties such as liquid and gas density, liquid and gas viscosity, liquid hold up and friction factor.
Determining the liquid hold up and then pressure drop are achieved using two methods, the first method is modified Beggs and Brill correlation, depending on three assumed flow patterns. The second is Aziz et al. correlation, depending on three flow patterns also but are different to that of modified Beggs and Brill. While a method of Colebrook used in determination of two-phase friction factor. The results of two-phase flow calculations show that modified Beggs and Brill correlation (having error of 0.26%) better than Aziz et al. correlation (having error of 0.55%).
In the second part there are calculations of pressure change in liquid flow in a pipeline from the gathering point to the first stage of separators. In this part Colebrook correlation is used to determine the friction factor, Brill and Mukherjee method is used for calculation of pressure change.
Mukherjee and Brill method gave good results with respect to the pressure drop of flow in the axial pipeline after the gathering point of the actual field data. The third part deals with the networking in pipelines, types of gathering systems presented and discussed, the calculations of pressure change in a simple gathering system is studied. The fourth part discusses optimization techniques; Constrained Rosenbrock is used to find optimum pressure which gives favorable oil properties. They have been achieved with some assumptions; they are:

Minimum Produced gas oil ratio.
Minimum formation volume factor.
Maximum API gravity.

Finally, two computer programs are developed. Each program performs all the calculations of the four parts. The first program is developed using FORTRAN language, while the second is developed using Visual Basic language.
A Study of the Dynamics and Control of the Model IV Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Process
Authors: Aqar Dhia Yasser 
Published: May 2021

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important chemical units in oil refineries due to its economic benefits. This research work concentrates on improving the control system of the Model IV FCC unit where dynamic modeling and the controllability based on the McFarlane et al. (1993) model. Different open-loop tests were carried out in the wash oil flow rate (F1) and the furnace fuel flow rate (F5) to find the FCC models using Sundaresan and Krishnaswamy (S&K) and fraction incomplete response (FIR) methods. The riser temperature (Tr) and the regenerator bed temperature (Tg) were chosen as the control variables while (F1 and F5) were selected as the corresponding manipulated variables based on the relative gain array (RGA). PI controller tuning parameters were evaluated using the internal model control (IMC) method and different closed-loop control responses were examined for both set point tracking and disturbance rejection changes. Additional adjustments to the IMC filter constant were employed to further improve the closed loop responses for the system.
Undersaturated Oil Compressibility Prediction for Mishrif Reservoir in the Southern Iraqi Oil Fields Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Fakher Emad A. , Baker Dr.  Hussain A. , Al-Shamma'a Dunia 
Published: May 2021

Coefficient of Isothermal oil compressibility is required in transient fluid flow problems, extension of fluid properties from values at the bubble point pressure to higher pressures of interest and in material balance calculations [1, 2]. Coefficient of Isothermal oil compressibility is a measure of the fractional change in volume as pressure is changed at constant temperature [3]. Coefficients of isothermal oil compressibility are usually obtained from reservoir fluid analysis. Reservoir fluid analysis is an expensive and time consuming operation that is not always available when the volumetric properties of reservoir fluids are needed. For this reason correlations have been developed and are being developed for predicting fluid properties including the coefficient of isothermal oil compressibility.
This paper presents an application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods for estimation of isothermal oil compressibility for the Mishrif reservoir oils among of commonly available field data, according to the fact that this method is useful when relationships of parameters are too complicated. The method is proposed as a more effective prognostic tool than are currently available procedures.
In this study, back propagation (BPN) network was used to develop an ANN model to predict isothermal oil compressibility. A three layer feed-forward network has been selected which has the best correlation coefficient in testing the models. The new model of undersaturated oil compressibility in which the first layer consists of five neurons representing the input values of pressure above bubble point, solution gas oil ratio at bubble point, oil gravity API, reservoir temperature and gas specific gravity. The second (hidden) layer contains 12 neurons, and the third layer contains one neuron representing the output values of undersaturated oil compressibility. It was found that the new model estimate undersaturated oil compressibility for Mishrif reservoir crudes in the southern Iraqi oil fields much better than the published ones. The present model predicts undersaturated oil compressibility with an average absolute relative error of 3.86% for the testing data set.
Synthesis of Local Demulsifiers and Evaluation in Iraqi Oil Fields
Authors: Kuraimid Zaidoun Kh. , Sharef Azhar A. , Ibraheem Buthaynaa Khalil , Jebur Huda Qasism , Hussin Sameer 
Published: May 2021

De-emulsifiers are one of the important industrial additives used commonly in petroleum industry in order to separate the salt water from crude oil in wet crude oil fields of south oil company (S.O.C) in Iraqi fields.
In the present study, it has been prepared local demulsifies by synthesis Gemini surfactants bis (Quaternary ammonium salt). The local de-emulsifier was assessed in the laboratories of South Oil Company (S.O.C) Comparison with the results of commercial de-emulsifier (A), where the local material efficiency was higher than the important commercial (A) adopted in the S.O.C by bottle Test and later was produced (6) barrels of material prepared and evaluated in AL-SHAMIA Degassing station in Iraqi South Rumaila .
Where, evaluated the local de-emulsifier in the fields and show the positive results, this describes the evaluation of field emulsifying the local material in this study with lost cost of preparation of a one barrel about 500$ in the time that the cost of one barrel of commercial de-emulsifier is 1000$.
The assessment was in the conditions of commercial de-emulsifier, depending on the natural of Dehydrator and Desolater in addition of the effective Dose is 25ppm and by 100% separation efficiency in same fresh oil source.
The efficiency of local de-emulsifier studied Varity of parameters like: Temperature and the time required to separation function of the Dose.
The field evaluation conditions of local de-emulsifier were under control outside of the oils (fresh) of D2 (Desolater) of isolation units to examine all of the water and salt content of crude oil.
Permeability Estimation of Khasib Formation in Amara Oil Field from Well logs Data Using Multilinear Regression Technique and Empirical
Authors: Al-Baldawi Buraq Adnan. 
Published: May 2021

Permeability is the property that permits the passage of fluids through the interconnected pores of a rock. It is one of the most important, most spatially variable, most uncertain, and hence least predictable transport properties of porous formations. This paper represents a method to predict permeability of Khasib Formation in two wells (Am-1,Am-2) of Amara field using Multilinear regression (MLR) technique and various empirical models, such as Tixier’s, Timur’s and Coates and Dumanoir equations, are used to quantify permeability from well log calculations of porosity and irreducible water saturation. Measured porosity and permeability data from plugs of the available core intervals were used for validation of the predicated data from the logs. The calculated permeability values were compared with the laboratory measurements of core samples to those estimated from different empirical approaches, such as Tixier, Timur, Coates and Dumanoir models, as well as multilinear regression technique by using the statistical correlation coefficient (R2). The present study indicates that Multilinear regression (MLR) technique is the best method and the most validity to estimate permeability from well logs data.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports, Daily Rates of Production and Discharge of Crude Oil, Daily Rates of Achieved of Associated Gas Production, –July, August 2015
Authors: IRAQ Ministry of Oil / Oil Marketing Company 
Published: May 2021

Table (1) Iraq Crude Oil Exports – August 2015
Table (2) Daily Rates of Production and Discharge of Crude Oil For July / 2015 (Thousand Barrels / day)
Table (3) Daily Rates of Achieved of Associated Gas Production For July / 2015 (Mqmq / day)
Table (4) Daily Rates For the Achieved of Associated Gas for July /2015
Table(5) Daily Rates of Dry Gas Production for July /2015 "Thousand MMScfd / Day)
Table (6) Daily Rates of Achieved of Production of Petroleum Products for July / 2015