bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic activity of platinized titanium and titanium coated with ruthenium oxide in the processes of electrooxidation of ethyl alcohol in alkaline media
Authors: Tarantseva Klara , Politaeva Natalia , Tarantsev Konstantin , Yackhkind Mikhail , Mishra Ajay Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigates the catalytic activity of platinized titanium and titanium coated with ruthenium oxide in the processes of electrooxidation of ethyl alcohol in alkaline phosphate electrolyte and potassium hydroxide electrolyte in non‐flowing membraneless fuel cells proposed by the authors. In these systems, an interface between the phases formed, which played the role of a membrane. Cyclic voltammetry, pulse chronoamperometry and gas–liquid chromatography were used to study the corrosion resistance and catalytic activity of ethanol oxidation on the selected electrodes. Platinized titanium and titanium coated with ruthenium oxide, involving a thin layer of platinum or ruthenium oxide on a perforated titanium mesh, were investigated.RESULTSIt is found that the oxidation of ethyl alcohol proceeds more actively on the surface of titanium coated with ruthenium oxide in alkaline phosphate electrolyte, with the formation of acetaldehyde as the main reaction product. In potassium hydroxide electrolyte, acetaldehyde and acetic acid are formed on the surface; two and four electrons are released, respectively. This indicates the C2 reaction pathway of ethanol oxidation. In contrast, the oxidation of ethyl alcohol in potassium hydroxide electrolyte proceeds more actively on the platinized titanium with the formation of acetaldehyde.CONCLUSIONSThe results obtained show that titanium electrode coated with ruthenium oxide is promising in phosphate electrolyte, but platinized titanium electrode is promising in potassium hydroxide electrolyte in the proposed non‐flowing membraneless alcohol fuel cells. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Community engagement in engineering education: A systematic literature review
Authors: Natarajarathinam Malini , Qiu Shaoping , Lu Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunity engagement has recently become a focus in engineering education. However, systematic reviews that catalog best practices and identify research patterns and gaps remain scarce.PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review is to generate insights and findings by reviewing studies focused on community engagement programs in engineering education from 1980 to 2019. This review offers new findings for practitioners and researchers with a menu of proven ideas and provides directions for community engagement practice and future research.MethodArticles were obtained via keyword searches for “Engineering” AND “service‐learning,” “community engagement” OR “civic engagement” using available databases. Search constraints included the year of publication, peer‐reviewed articles, and articles written in English. The content analysis method was used to categorize, summarize, and evaluate selected articles. A total of 120 articles have been reviewed.ResultsThis systematic review identified recent trends in engineering community engagement programs. Undergraduate students were the main program participants. The vast majority of projects took place in the United States. Overall, community engagement projects increasingly recruited multidisciplinary students. Factors such as logistics constraints, cultural barriers, and disconnect issues were reported as major challenges to the success of engineering community engagement programs. Qualitative research dominated community engagement studies. The community partner remains a less‐studied subject. Research focusing on engineering graduate students in community engagement was rare.ConclusionsTo obtain a holistic understanding of community engagement in engineering education, additional research should focus on community partners' perspectives, graduate students in engineering, diversity, and holistic assessments.
The (d)evolution of a technological species: A history and critique of ecopsychology's constructions of science and technology
Authors: Davidson Tal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I aim to convey the history of ecopsychology's changing conceptualizations of science and technology and their role in facilitating engagement with the ecology movement. To do so, I compare ecopsychology's treatment of science and technology in two important publications:Gatherings, a non‐peer‐reviewed digital journal of the early 2000s that portrayed ecopsychology in humanistic, socially critical, and artistic terms; andEcopsychology, a scholarly journal founded in 2009 that regarded ecopsychological questions as testable hypotheses, and distinguished itself from prior (“first generation”) ecopsychology on the basis of its embrace of technological progress and the scientific method. As a part of this shift, ecopsychologists of the “second generation” championed the notion that humans are a “Technological Species,” an ontological statement that naturalized the increasing sophistication of high technology as the result of inherent human drives, and established conceptual groundwork for studies that used consumer technology such as computers to mediate experiences of nature. In the final part of the paper, I critique the “Technological Species” proposition for obscuring the historical and material conditions that make the existence of consumer technology possible, such as the ecologically devastating mining of rare‐earth metals on colonized land in Central and South America. I argue that, to be socially and ecologically accountable, ecopsychology should turn toward practices that help us make sense of consumer technology's place in systems of colonialist and ecological violence, process our place within these systems as users of consumer technology, and build community less dependent on technology.
Subdural hematoma in glutaric aciduria type 1: High excreters are prone to incidental SDH despite newborn screening
Authors: Boy Nikolas , Mohr Alexander , Garbade Sven F. , Freisinger Peter , Heringer‐Seifert Jana , Seitz Angelika , Kölker Stefan , Harting Inga 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSubdural hematoma (SDH) was initially reported in 20% to 30% of patients with glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1). A recent retrospective study found SDH in 4% of patients, but not in patients identified by newborn screening (NBS). 168 MRIs of 69 patients with GA1 (age at MRI 9 days – 73.8 years, median 3.2 years) were systematically reviewed for presence of SDH, additional MR and clinical findings in order to investigate the frequency of SDH and potential risk factors.SDH was observed in eight high‐excreting patients imaged between 5.8 and 24.4 months, namely space‐occupying SDH in two patients after minor accidental trauma and SDH as an incidental finding in six patients without trauma. In patients without trauma imaged at 3 to 30 months (n = 36, 25 NBS, 27/9 high/low excreters), incidence of SDH was 16.7% (16% in NBS). SDH was more common after acute (33.3%) than insidious onset of dystonia (14.3%) or in asymptomatic patients (5.9%). It was only seen in patients with wide frontoparietal CSF spaces and frontotemporal hypoplasia. High excreters were over‐represented among patients with SDH (6/27 vs 0/9 low excreters), acute onset (10/12), and wide frontoparietal CSF spaces (16/19).Incidental SDH occurs despite NBS and early treatment in approximately one in six patients with GA1 imaged during late infancy and early childhood. Greater risk of high excreters is morphologically associated with more frequent enlargement of external CSF spaces including frontotemporal hypoplasia, and may be furthered aggravated by more pronounced alterations of cerebral blood volume and venous pressure.
Late Quaternary solifluction sheets in the British uplands
Authors: Harrison Stephan , Hughes Leanne , Glasser Neil , Kuras Oliver 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTSolifluction sheets are large‐scale and extensive valley‐floor and valley‐side landforms developed widely in the British Isles from mass‐wasting of glacial and periglacial sediments during late‐glacial times. We describe their geographical distribution and review the processes that have led to their development. We use data from the Cheviot Hills, the one site in the British Isles where sedimentology and optically stimulated luminescence dating have been combined, to assess their age and nature of deposition. We also present data from central Wales where a new mapping and resistivity survey has reconstructed the nature of valley‐side solifluction sheets. We explore the relative lack of recent research on these landforms and argue that solifluction sheets represent a clear example of how upland geomorphological systems have responded to late‐glacial climate change. We end by identifying a number of areas where research on these enigmatic features could be focussed, including better understanding of their distribution, sedimentology and age.
Oral supplementation of sea cucumber and its hydrolysate mitigates ultraviolet A‐induced photoaging in hairless mice
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Lu Yi , Kurono Masahiro , Matahira Yoshiharu , Manabe Yuki , Sugawara Tatsuya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDChronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation promotes skin photoaging, which is clinically characterized by dryness, laxity, and wrinkling. Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (SC) is a marine organism with culinary and medicinal applications, especially in Asian countries. It is also a potential nutraceutical as it exhibits bioactive effects, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer activity. This study examined the effects of SC and its hydrolysate (SCH) on ultraviolet A (UVA) induced skin barrier function and wrinkle formation using hairless mice.RESULTSUltraviolet A significantly induced transepidermal water loss and wrinkle formation, which were significantly mitigated upon oral administration of SC and SCH. Sea cucumber also mitigated the UVA‐induced downregulation of epidermal natural moisturizing factors and the upregulation of Aqp3, Mmp13, Tnfa, and Il6 mRNA levels in the mouse skin.CONCLUSIONTaken together, these results suggest that dietary SC and SCH exert anti‐photoaging effects by modulating filaggrin synthesis and desquamation in the epidermis and regulating the NF‐κB pathway in the skin. Our research indicates that SC and SCH have potential applications in nutricosmetics for photoaging. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
THE ART OF CARING LEADERSHIP: HOW LEADING WITH HEART UPLIFTS TEAMS AND ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Younger Heather R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe author contends that “every leader thinks they are a caring leader, but most fall short of demonstrating care consistently to their teams.” She reports about her research on caring, listening, feedback, leadership, and related topics, using such corporate examples as the WD‐40 Company, and its Chief Executive Officer Garry Ridge, and Howard Behar, former president of Starbucks. Of WD‐40, she writes, “the story of WD‐40 is an excellent example of how embedding caring leadership into the organization can transform every aspect of a company.” She describes four lessons, which in her words are (1) Lead the Whole Person, (2) Be Congruent, (3) Create a Listening Culture, (4) Make it a Team Effort. In point one, she writes “As a leader, you can be the greatest source of positive emotions in those you lead by recognizing their efforts in specific ways.” In point two, “Being congruent requires a greater self‐awareness and a deep desire to show up true to yourself.” Point three: “Employees feel empowered when they know that their feedback might be acted upon, even just sometimes.” Point four: “It’s time to retire blame culture and help people understand that we all make mistakes, and that's OK.”
Effect of Bio‐Based Cobalt Alginate on the Fire Safety and Mechanical Properties for Epoxy Resin
Authors: Liu Chang , Tao Ye , Xu Ying‐Jun , Liu Yun , Zhu Ping , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a growing demand to develop epoxy resins (EP) with smoke suppression as well as satisfactory flame retardancy. Herein, bio‐based cobalt alginate is successfully fabricated and incorporated into EP to prepare EP/Cobalt Alginate composites with better fire safety performance. The addition of cobalt alginate reduces the thermal‐decomposition rate, temperature at maximum weight‐loss rate of EP, whereas obviously improves the thermal stabilities at a higher temperature range. Furthermore, the addition of cobalt alginate substantially reduces the fire hazard of EP, resulting in 56.2% reduction in peak heat release rate, as well as 17.8% and 56.3% reduction in total smoke production and peak smoke production rate, respectively, compared with EP matrix. Moreover, the presence of cobalt alginate increases smoke‐suppressant properties, according to the smoke density test. Additionally, the incorporation of cobalt alginate has no obviously destructive effect on the mechanical properties of EP, while EP/Cobalt Alginate‐3 exhibits a 27.0% improvement in impact strength. In prospective, this study may provide a significant method for producing eco‐friendly flame retardant EP.
The Construction and Application of Dual‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes in Proton Exchange Membranes with Enhanced Performances
Authors: Wu Silong , Feng Xiaohong , Zhong Fei , Zhang Bingqing , Wang Jie , Qu Ting , Ni Jing , Liu Hai , Gong Chunli , Hu Fuqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are successively coated via sol‐gel method with SiO2(SiO2@CNTs), followed by grafting with 3‐merraptnpropyltrimethnxysilane and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to yield dual‐modified CNTs (SSiO2@CNTs). The SSiO2@CNTs material is applied to prepared chitosan (CS) based composite proton exchange membranes by the incorporation of various content of SSiO2@CNTs, the structure and properties of as‐prepared composite membranes are fully investigated. Compared to pristine CS membrane, the SSiO2@CNTs‐filled composite membranes show improved thermal stability, mechanical stability, and methanol resistance, owing to the effective interface interaction and good compatibility between SSiO2@CNTs and CS matrix. Additionally, the doping of SSiO2@CNTs also generates a positive effect on the electrochemistry performance, due to the construction of abundant transport channel and providing more proton sources or proton sites. Particularly, the CS/SSiO2@CNTs‐7 membrane exhibits tensile strength of about 40.1 MPa and proton conductivity of 35.8 mS cm−1at 80 °C, which is almost 1.6 and 2.0 times higher than pure CS membrane, and lower methanol permeability of 0.9 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. The direct methanol fuel cell performance (DMFC) of CS/SSiO2@CNTs‐7 membrane is also improved with open circuit voltage of 0.67 V and maximum power density of 60.7 mW cm−2at 70 °C.
Crucial role of glucosylceramide synthase in the regulation of stem cell‐like cancer cells in B16F10 murine melanoma
Authors: Ghosh Sweta , Juin Subir Kumar , Bhattacharyya Majumdar Suchandra , Majumdar Subrata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells render a complex cascade of events that facilitates highly invasive melanoma malignancy. Interplay between immunocytes and cancer stem cells within tumor microenvironment with the participation of sphingolipid signaling mediators skews the immune evasion strategies toward metastatic neoplasm. In this context, we aimed to explore the functional aspect of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), a key enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the maintenance of melanoma stem cell‐like cancer cells (CSCs). Our findings demonstrated that tumor hypoxia was responsible for elevated GCS expression in melanoma, which was correlated with substantially increased melanoma CSCs. Moreover, hypoxia‐induced TGF‐β from TAMs and Tregs promoted GCS induction in B16F10 murine melanoma CSCs via PKCα signaling and facilitated the expansion of melanoma CSCs. Interestingly, GCS ablation hindered the immunosuppressiveness of TAMs and Tregs. Therefore, our study for the first time demonstrated a novel paracrine pathway of melanoma CSC maintenance and tumorigenicity, exploiting the bidirectional signaling with immunocytes. Furthermore, our study showed that the combinatorial immunotherapy involving immunomodulators like Mw and DTA‐1 repressed CSC pool affecting GCS functions in advanced‐stage B16F10 murine melanoma tumor. Moreover, GCS inhibition sensitized conventional chemotherapeutic drug‐resistant melanoma CSCs to the genotoxic drugs paving the way toward selective melanoma treatment. Better therapeutic efficacy with inhibition of GCS and CSC depletion suggests a crucial role of GCS in melanoma treatment, therefore, implying its application concerning clinical challenges of chemotherapy resistance leading to prolonged survival.
Nicotinamide Riboside Improves Ataxia Scores and Immunoglobulin Levels in Ataxia Telangiectasia
Authors: Veenhuis Stefanie J.G. , van Os Nienke J.H. , Janssen Anjo J.W.M. , van Gerven Marjo H.J.C. , Coene Karlien L.M. , Engelke Udo. F.H. , Wevers Ron A. , Tinnevelt Gerjen H. , ter Heine Rob , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. , Weemaes Corry M.R. , Roeleveld Nel , Willemsen Michèl A.A.P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of animal models with ataxia telangiectasia (A‐T) with nicotinamide riboside (NR) improved their neurological outcome and survival.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of NR in patients with A‐T.MethodsIn this open‐label, proof‐of‐concept study, 24 patients with A‐T were treated with NR during four consecutive months. The effects of NR on ataxia, dysarthria, quality of life, and laboratory parameters were analyzed.ResultsDuring treatment, ataxia scores improved; mean total Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale scores decreased to 2.4 and 10.1 points, respectively. After NR withdrawal, ataxia scores worsened. In immunodeficient patients, the mean serum IgG concentration increased substantially until the end of the study period with 0.52 g/L. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed increased plasma levels of NR metabolites and purine nucleosides during treatment. Adverse effects did not occur.ConclusionsTreatment with NR is tolerated well and associated with improvement in ataxia and serum immunoglobulin concentrations in patients with A‐T. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A 50 W dual‐band high‐efficiency gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor power amplifier with three‐stage L‐type DC bias circuit at 1.8 and 2.6 GHz
Authors: Kim Jong‐Heon , Jeong Dong‐Ki , Kim Ji‐Yeon , Choi Young‐Rak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 50 W dual‐band high‐efficiency gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) power amplifier with a three‐stage L‐type DC bias circuit capable of individually adjusting second‐harmonic impedances is proposed for 1.8 and 2.6 GHz frequencies. The output network of this power amplifier is composed of an output matching network comprising five‐stage transmission lines and a three‐stage L‐type DC bias circuit with three L‐type circuits and one transmission line. The one‐stage L‐type circuit comprises a series transmission line and a quarter‐wavelength open‐ended shunt stub. For the high‐efficiency performance of the power amplifier, the output matching network is matched to the optimum impedances of the fundamental frequencies, and the DC bias circuit optimizes the impedances individually at the second‐harmonic frequencies without affecting the matched fundamental frequency impedances in the output matching network. Measured results show that the proposed dual‐band GaN HEMT power amplifier achieved gains of 15.6 and 13.8 dB as well as maximum power‐added efficiencies of 70.5% and 66.3% with 47 dBm output power at 1.8 and 2.6 GHz, respectively.
Market equilibrium in multi‐tier supply chain networks
Authors: Jiang Tao , Lin Young‐San , Nguyen Thành 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe model multistage competition in supply chains by a sequential game theoretical model in a network. We show the uniqueness of equilibrium for series parallel networks and provide a linear time algorithm to compute the equilibrium. We study the impact of the network structure on the firms' payoffs, the total trade flow, and the overall social welfare.
Characterization of Joule heating and deconsolidation behavior of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites under self‐resistance electric heating
Authors: Liu Yunhuan , Tang Huaping , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhai Zhanyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs an effective heating method, self‐resistance electric (SRE) heating was applied for welding, hot stamping and curing process of composites. In this study, the characterization of Joule heating and deconsolidation behavior of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CFR‐PA6) laminate under SRE heating were investigated. A series of experiments were performed to build the relationship among geometry sizes, current density and temperature response. Then the relationship between the temperature rising rate and current density of CFR‐PA6 laminate with twill weave fabric was determined. The temperature evolution of specimen with a hole under SRE heating was also discussed. Furthermore, the deconsolidation behavior of CFR‐PA6 specimens under SRE heating as well as oven heating was characterized through macroscopic and mesoscopic properties. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests of specimens were also conducted. The results indicate that the temperature response of CFR‐PA6 laminate is mainly determined by the current density and their relationship can be described by a quadratic function. It is found that voids appear both inside the fiber bundles and resin‐rich areas owing to the thermal mismatch between the resin and carbon fibers after SRE heating, while no voids inside the fiber bundles were observed after oven heating. The deconsolidation behavior of laminate after SRE heating reduces the ILSS.
24.58% efficient commercial n‐type silicon solar cells with hydrogenation
Authors: Chen Ran , Wright Matthew , Chen Daniel , Yang Jie , Zheng Peiting , Zhang Xinyu , Wenham Stuart , Ciesla Alison 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTunnelling oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells are gaining significant commercial interest, due to the potential for high efficiency. Industrially, this passivated contact scheme is typically coupled with an n‐type Czochralski (Cz) wafer. JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. is one of the leading manufacturers that are producing n‐type TOPCon solar cells (referred to as ‘HOT’ cells) on a commercial scale. In this work, the influence of a post‐cell hydrogenation step, using illumination from an LED light source, on the performance and stability of n‐type TOPCon solar cells is investigated. The incorporation of this additional hydrogenation treatment led to an average efficiency enhancement of 0.64%abs on a batch of 50 cells made in an industrial environment. This significant improvement was caused by a 6.9 mV and 1.04%abs increase in open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF), respectively. We also assessed the stability and found almost no light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation (LeTID) in hydrogenated n‐type TOPCon cells. Testing at 70 ± 5°C under 1‐sun illumination revealed that the maximum degradation is limited to 0.06%rel. Following further stability testing, the efficiency increased beyond the initial value, up to 0.4%rel increase after 120 h. By incorporating this hydrogenation process into the production, an average line efficiency of 24.08% and VOC of 707.5 mV was achieved. The champion cell from the batch displayed an efficiency of 24.58%, as certified by measurement at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.