bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Reduce Sedentary Behavior at All Life Domains
Authors: López Torres Olga , Lobo Pablo , Baigún Valeria , F. De Roia Gabriela 
Published: April 2021

Lifestyle has changed in the last century increasingly promoting sedentary behaviors. Prolonged sitting time is related to increased all-cause mortality risk. Therefore, scientific research aimed at understanding the effects of sitting on health has increased to find effective interventions that can be carried out in life domains (study, work, transport, and free time). The interaction between physical activity and sitting time plays a key role in the development of strategies to promote physical activity practice and reduce sedentary behavior. Accepting that the modern societies incite to spend long periods seated, the aim seems to find a balance between all the areas during the 24 h of the day. Maintaining sleep time, reducing screen leisure time to 3 h/day, and breaking prolonged sedentary time for 2–3 min every 30 min-1 h of sitting, as well as reaching the physical activity recommendation may help counteract the potential negative effect of too much sitting time. Governments must provide active free time options to promote active leisure time and help reduce screen time. At workplaces, managers and companies should encourage sitting breaks and work standing options, and for the special population such as children or older adults, new strategies must be considered to reduce sitting time.
Topographic Distribution of Intracranial Meningioma’s Recurrences: Localized Versus Diffuse-Multicentric
Authors: Maiuri Francesco , Corvino Sergio , Guadagno Elia , Del Basso De Caro Marialaura 
Published: April 2021

Meningiomas recur with a rate of 10–32% at ten years. Several features influence the risk of recurrence. Our aim is to define the pathological and surgical features at risk of diffuse-multicentric versus local-peripheral recurrence. Thirty-three cases of multicentric-diffuse recurrence of intracranial meningiomas were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 50 cases who experienced local-peripheral recurrence. The analyzed factors included age and sex, tumor location and shape, brain-tumor interface, entity of resection, WHO grade, Ki67 MIB1, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, number of reoperations, progression of WHO grade, and outcome. The multicentric-diffuse recurrences were mainly related to flat-shaped and Ki67 Li greater than 4% features at first surgery. Among patients with multicentric-diffuse recurrences, 25 underwent one to three reoperations; among them, 17 are alive with local tumor control or slow progression 2 to 25 years after the initial surgery versus only 2 out of 8 who did not undergo surgery. We conclude that flat-shaped meningiomas and those with Ki67 Li greater than 4% are at higher risk to recur in multicentric-diffuse pattern. Even multiple reoperations over a period of several years may obtain rather long survivals in selected patients with prevalent intradural not anaplastic tumors and not too extensive dural infiltration.
Prevalence and Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Studies of PRIME-MD and PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) in Japan
Authors: Muramatsu Kumiko , Miyaoka Hitoshi , Kamijima Kunitoshi , Muramatsu Yoshiyuki , Fuse Katsuya , Yoshimine Fumitoshi , Mashima Ichiro , Tanaka Yutaka , Hosaka Michio , Toshiaki Kikuchi , Shimizu Natsue , Baba Shigeji 
Published: April 2021

We examine two studies on the prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in Japanese patients in primary care settings. The PRIME-MD study (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) in Japan was conducted in seven primary care sites. The sample group included 601 adult patients (249 males, 352 females, mean age = 58.9 years, SD = 16.5). Of the 12.5% of patients diagnosed with mood disorders, 5.0% (n = 29) were major depressive disorder, and 6.7% (n = 40) were minor depressive disorder. The odds ratio for co-occurrence of major depressive disorder with generalized anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder with anxiety disorders (NOS) was 11.5 (95% CI: 2.17–18.45) and 8.00 (95% CI: 3.19–20.07), respectively. The PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) study in Japan was conducted in eleven primary care sites. A total of 1409 adult patients (611 males, 797 females; mean age: 56.2 years, SD: ±20.4) completed the PHQ in full. The prevalence of diagnosis of any mood disorder or any anxiety disorder was 25.0%. Of the 15.8% of patients diagnosed with mood disorders, 5.3% were for major depression and 8.4% for other depressive disorders. The odds ratio for co-occurrence of major depressive disorder with other anxiety disorders was 30.4 (95% CI: 13.19–70.28).
Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate
Authors: Tsuji Kyoko , Haruyama Naoto , Nomura Shunsuke , Murata Naohisa , Yoshizaki Keigo , Mitsuyasu Takeshi , Nakano Hiroyuki , Nakamura Seiji , Mori Yoshihide , Takahashi Ichiro 
Published: April 2021

Background
Myriad maxillo-mandibular occlusal relationships are observed in patients with isolated cleft palate (ICP), unlike in patients with other cleft types, such as cleft lip and palate.

Objectives
This study aimed to categorise the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in patients with ICP, and investigate the clinical factors affecting these categorised morphological characteristics.

Methods
Thirty-six girls with ICP (age (mean ± SD): 5.36 ± 0.36 years) underwent cephalometric measurement. Their craniofacial morphology was categorised using cluster analysis. Profilograms were created and superimposed onto the standard Japanese profilograms to visualise the morphological characteristics of each group (cluster). The mean values and variations in the linear and angular measurements of each group were compared with the Japanese standards and statistically analysed using Dunnett’s test after the analysis of variance. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyse the differences between the cleft types (cleft in the hard and/or soft palate) and skills of the operating surgeons in the groups.

Results
Cluster analysis of craniofacial morphologies in patients with ICP resulted in the formation of three categories: the first cluster exhibited a relatively harmonious anteroposterior relationship between the maxilla and the mandible (22.2%); the second cluster exhibited crossbite owing to a significantly smaller maxilla (33.3%); and the third cluster exhibited a smaller mandible with posterior rotation showing skeletal class II malocclusion (44.4%). Differences in cleft types and surgeons were not associated with the distribution of patients in each cluster.

Conclusions
Patients with ICP exhibited characteristic morphological patterns, such as bimaxillary retrusion or severe mandibular retrusion, besides the anterior crossbite frequently found in patients with cleft lip and palate . Understanding the typical morphological characteristics could enable better diagnostic categorisation of patients with ICP, which may eventually improve orthodontic treatment planning.
Women's Participation in Labor Force in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Review of Determinants and Impacts
Authors: Guli Victoria Matatio Elia , Geda Nigatu Regassa 
Published: April 2021

Background: In the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in women's participation in gainful employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scooping review has primarily aimed at assessing the key determinants and effects of women's involvement in the labor force in SSA.
Methods: The authors did the review based on 19 articles selected from PubMed and goggle search. The selection considered only those published in the last 15 years, conducted based on large sample from Sub-Saharan African countries, and those exclusively related to women’s Labor Force Participation (LFP). More than 80% of the reviewed studies (16 of the 19) employed a cross-sectional study design with quantitative approaches.
Results: The review witnessed that women's labor force participation in SSA is determined by various individual, household, and community characteristics. Women with lower fertility, living in poor economic condition (low wealth quantiles), and those with above primary education were more likely to participate in gainful employment. Other demographic factors explaining why some women participate in the labor force more often than others include women's age, marital status, number of under-five children, household size, and headship. Among the community variables, living in areas with better infrastructure (transport and communication) increased the likelihood of women’s participation in gainful employment. Nearly all studies showed significant positive impacts of women's labor force participation on several domains of women's life and household well-being, such as on women's nutrition, childcare, and health service utilization.
Conclusion: The review implies that despite concerns about some adverse impacts of women's participation in gainful employment (such as on childcare), most of the studies indicated positive effects of LFP on women's and children's health, nutrition, and overall household well-being in SSA.
Assessment of Cereal Self-sufficiency and Food Balance Projection in Afghanistan
Authors: Samim Sayed Alim , Hu Zhiquan , Yu Wen , Amini Sayed Younus , Eliw Moataz 
Published: April 2021

Aims: Afghanistan is overwhelmed with food insecurity, thus severe food shortages in which a large percentage of the population lacks reliable access to food supplies. Cereals such as wheat, rice, and maize play a vital role in the country's food security due to their importance in terms of consumption and production quantity. This paper estimates cereal self-sufficiency and then makes a food balance forecast of the three major food crops - wheat, rice, and maize - cultivated in Afghanistan over six-decades (1979 – 2030).
Methodology: Descriptive statistics, ARIMA model, and coarse metric technique were employed to analyze the data from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), United States Department of Agriculture PSD Database (USDA), and United Nations World Population Division databases to determine cereal self-sufficiency and food balance forecast.
Results Econometric analysis demonstrated that (1) Afghanistan is not yet self-sufficient in meeting grain consumption. (2) The production and consumption ratio declined from 0.9 to 0.55 from 1979 to 2030. (3) The gap of theoretical food imbalance will increase, and by the year 2030, cereal production will likely be sufficient for only 49.8 percentage of inhabitants, leaving a high shortage equivalent to the amount required by 24.4 million people. (4) Per capita cereal production will possibly decrease from 120.8 kg to 95.4 kg per person between 2018 and 2030.
Conclusion: By evaluating the quantitative food balance and the growing population change, this study presents an analysis of the emerging threat to Afghanistan's food security. Therefore, we recommended that the Afghanistan government should increase the size of public agricultural expenditure, improve the level of agriculture infrastructure, increase the cultivation area of cereals, and continue to introduce policy to achieve higher yield.
Benzene Ring Knitting Achieved by Ambient‐Temperature Dehalogenation via Mechanochemical Ullmann‐Type Reductive Coupling
Authors: Chen Hao , Fan Juntian , Fu Yuqing , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Suo Xian , Wang Tao , Popovs Ilja , Jiang De‐en , Yuan Yating , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current approaches capable of affording conjugated porous networks (CPNs) still rely on solution‐based coupling reactions promoted by noble metal complexes or Lewis acids, on‐surface polymerization conducted in ultrahigh‐vacuum environment at very high temperatures (>200 °C), or mechanochemical Scholl‐type reactions limited to electron‐rich substrates. To develop simple and scalable approaches capable of making CPNs under neat and ambient conditions, herein, a novel and complementary method to the current oxidative Scholl coupling processes is demonstrated to afford CPNs via direct aromatic ring knitting promoted by mechanochemical Ullmann‐type reactions. The key to this strategy lies in the dehalogenation of aromatic halides in the presence of Mg involving the formation of Grignard reagent intermediates. Products (Ph‐CPN‐1) obtained via direct CC bond formation between 1,2,4,5‐tetrabromobenzene (TBB) monomer feature high surface areas together with mesoporous architecture. The versatility of this approach is confirmed by the successful construction of various CPNs via knitting of the corresponding aromatic rings (e.g., pyrene and triphenylene), and even highly crystalline graphite product was obtained. The CPNs exhibit good electrochemical performance as the anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). This approach expands the frontiers of CPN synthesis and provides new opportunities to their scalable applications.
Separating Physically Distinct Mechanisms in Complex Infrared Plasmonic Nanostructures via Machine Learning Enhanced Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Kalinin Sergei V. , Roccapriore Kevin M. , Cho Shin Hum , Milliron Delia J. , Vasudevan Rama , Ziatdinov Maxim , Hachtel Jordan A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) enables direct exploration of plasmonic phenomena at the nanometer level. To isolate individual plasmon modes, linear unmixing methods can be used to separate different physical mechanisms, but in larger and more complex systems the interpretability of the components becomes uncertain. Here, infrared plasmonic resonances in self‐assembled heterogeneous monolayer films of doped‐semiconductor nanoparticles are examined beyond linear unmixing techniques, and both supervised and unsupervised machine‐learning‐based analyses of hyperspectral EELS datasets are demonstrated. In the supervised approach, a human operator labels a small number of pixels in the hyperspectral dataset corresponding to features of interest which are then propagated across the entire dataset. In the unsupervised approach, non‐linear autoencoders are used to create a highly‐reduced latent‐space representation of the dataset, within which insight into the relevant physics can be gleaned from straightforward distance metrics that do not depend on operator input and bias. The advantage of these approaches is that the labeling separates physical mechanisms without altering the data, enabling robust analyses of the influence of heterogeneities in mesoscale complex systems.
Enantioselective Hydrative para‐Dearomatization of Sulfonanilides by an Indanol‐based Chiral Organoiodine Catalyst
Authors: Shimazaki Yuto , Wata Chisato , Hashimoto Takuya , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report herein the development of an enantioselective oxidative para‐dearomatization of sulfonanilides with water by use of an indanol‐based chiral organoiodine catalyst, originally developed in our group. This reaction proceeds efficiently by the use of N‐mesyl‐protected anilines as substrates, giving functionalized p‐quinol imines in good yields and moderate to high enantioselectivities.
Robust Gold Nanocluster Protected with Amidinates for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yuan Shang‐Fu , He Rui‐Lin , Han Xu‐Shuang , Wang Jia‐Qi , Guan Zong‐Jie , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first all‐amidinate‐protected gold nanocluster [Au28(Ph−form)12](OTf)2 (Ph‐form=N,N′‐diphenylformamidinate) (Au28) has been synthesized and structurally resolved. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that Au28 has a compact Au4@Au24 tetrahedral core–shell structure of T symmetry, which is fully protected by 12 bridging formamidinate ligands. This cluster is quite robust as indicated by the fact that it can stay intact in solution at 80 °C for 6 d. It exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the electroreduction of CO2 with 96.5 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) at −0.57 V and a maximum TOF of 1731 h−1 at −0.87 V. Its superior stability is also manifested in the fact that the supported catalyst Au28/CNTs maintains stable potentials at ca. −0.69 V for 40 h with FE(CO)s>91 %. A superatomic electron configuration of 1S21P62S21D4 has been clarified by DFT computations, and the strong gold–ligand binding and geometric shell closure account for the superior stability of Au28.
Cooperation between a T Domain and a Minimal C‐Terminal Docking Domain to Enable Specific Assembly in a Multiprotein NRPS
Authors: Watzel Jonas , Duchardt‐Ferner Elke , Sarawi Sepas , Bode Helge B. , Wöhnert Jens 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNon‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) produce natural products from amino acid building blocks. They often consist of multiple polypeptide chains which assemble in a specific linear order via specialized N‐ and C‐terminal docking domains (N/CDDs). Typically, docking domains function independently from other domains in NRPS assembly. Thus, docking domain replacements enable the assembly of “designer” NRPS from proteins that normally do not interact. The multiprotein “peptide‐antimicrobial‐Xenorhabdus” (PAX) peptide‐producing PaxS NRPS is assembled from the three proteins PaxA, PaxB and PaxC. Herein, we show that the small CDD of PaxA cooperates with its preceding thiolation (T1) domain to bind the NDD of PaxB with very high affinity, establishing a structural and thermodynamical basis for this unprecedented docking interaction, and we test its functional importance in vivo in a truncated PaxS assembly line. Similar docking interactions are apparently present in other NRPS systems.
Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) interaction with fish farms in the Gulf of Ambracia, western Greece
Authors: Andrés Carmen , Cardona Luis , Gonzalvo Joan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Marine aquaculture, and its fast‐growing development, has the potential for wider environmental, ecosystem, and biodiversity impacts. This study assesses the impact of fish farming on a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population within the Gulf of Ambracia (western Greece) between 2007 and 2018. Two different study areas were defined in order to investigate differences on occurrence, abundance, behaviour, and seasonal fluctuations between them: a ‘control area’, in the north‐western side of the Gulf; and a ‘fish farm area’, in the south west, where the highest density of fish farm cages is found.
A total of 169 daily surveys were dedicated to the control area and 74 days were dedicated to the fish farm area, yielding 104 and 37 sightings, respectively. Both the probability of detecting dolphins (U = 6,763.000, P = 0.002) and the group sizes (U = 578.000, P < 0.001) were smaller around fish farms.
Seasonality analyses were restricted to 2007–2008, as this was the period with year‐round effort. Results revealed that dolphins were more frequently seen around fish farms in the winter (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.036).
From the 40 identified individuals that were re‐sighted at least 10 times during the study period, 21 used the fish farm area less than expected according to sampling effort, and 10 of them were never observed in that area (binomial test, P < 0.05).
The results revealed an impact of fish farms on the distribution of bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Ambracia. This information should be taken into consideration when defining ecosystem‐based management measures within the management plan, which is currently in preparation for this Natura 2000 site.
Gender Differences in the Disclosure of Sexual Abuse in Chilean Adolescents
Authors: Guerra Cristóbal , Arredondo Valeria , Saavedra Carolina , Pinto‐Cortez Cristián , Benguria Alejandro , Orrego Angélica 
Published: April 2021

Child sexual abuse is a frequent phenomenon in Chile, but it is not often disclosed by its victims. The lack of disclosure is more common in the male population, presumably owing to cultural factors. The objective of this study was to deepen understanding of child sexual abuse disclosure in the Chilean population, focusing particularly on the role of gender. The study combined data extraction from the internal database of child sexual abuse specialist care centres with a small number of in‐depth interviews. In the initial quantitative phase, data on 210 adolescents between ten and 18 years of age were reviewed, and in the qualitative phase, ten young people between 18 and 20 years participated; all the participants had suffered sexual abuse. The results of the quantitative phase show that boys actively disclose less frequently than girls. The results of the qualitative analysis revealed some obstacles to disclosure both in boys and in girls (guilt and shame, or the lack of family support), but they suggested that the disclosure process would be particularly difficult for boys owing to cultural factors (e.g. questioning the masculinity of male victims and the feminisation of sexual abuse). The discussion addresses the implications of these results for promoting disclosure in adolescents of both genders.‘Child sexual abuse is a frequent phenomenon in Chile, but it is not often disclosed by its victims’Key Practitioner Messages

In Chile, disclosure of sexual abuse is difficult for male and female adolescents owing to guilt and shame, or the lack of family support.
In macho cultures, male adolescents would have greater difficulty with disclosure given the associated stigmatisation and gender stereotypes.
All practitioners who work with children and adolescents in Chile should be attentive to the gender factors that hinder the disclosure of sexual abuse in male and female adolescents.
Breaking the Passivation: Sodium Borohydride Synthesis by Reacting Hydrated Borax with Aluminum
Authors: Zhu Yongyang , Zhong Hao , Wang Hui , Ouyang Liuzhang , Liu Jiangwen , Huang Zhenguo , Zhu Min 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA significant obstacle in the large‐scale applications of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) for hydrogen storage is its high cost. Herein, we report a new method to synthesize NaBH4 by ball milling hydrated sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7 ⋅ 10H2O) with low‐cost Al or Al88Si12, instead of Na, Mg or Ca. An effective strategy is developed to facilitate mass transfer during the reaction by introducing NaH to enable the formation of NaAlO2 instead of dense Al2O3 on Al surface, and by using Si as a milling additive to prevent agglomeration and also break up passivation layers. Another advantage of this process is that hydrogen in Na2B4O7 ⋅ 10H2O serves as a hydrogen source for NaBH4 generation. Considering the low cost of the starting materials and simplicity in operation, our studies demonstrate the potential of producing NaBH4 in a more economical way than the commercial process.