bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Profile of Pneumonia After Stroke
Authors: de Jonge Jeroen C. , van de Beek Diederik , Lyden Patrick , Brady Marian C. , Bath Philip M. , van der Worp H. Bart , Lees K.R. , Alexandrov A. , Berge E. , Bluhmki E. , Bornstein N. , Chen C. , Claesson L. , Davis S.M. , Donnan G. , Diener H.C. , Fisher M. , Ginsberg M. , Gregson B. , Grotta J. , Hacke W. , Hennerici M.G. , Hommel M. , Kaste M. , Marler J. , Muir K. , Venketasubramanian N. , Sacco R. , Shuaib A. , Teal P. , Wahlgren N.G. , Warach S. , Weimar C. 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
The occurrence of pneumonia after stroke is associated with a higher risk of poor outcome or death. We assessed the temporal profile of pneumonia after stroke and its association with poor outcome at several time points to identify the most optimal period for testing pneumonia prevention strategies.

Methods:
We analyzed individual patient data stored in the VISTA (Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive) from randomized acute stroke trials with an inclusion window up to 24 hours after stroke onset and assessed the occurrence of pneumonia in the first 90 days after stroke. Adjusted odds ratios and hazard ratios were calculated for the association between pneumonia and poor outcome and death by means of logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively, at different times of follow-up.

Results:
Of 10 821 patients, 1017 (9.4%) had a total of 1076 pneumonias. Six hundred eighty-nine (64.0%) pneumonias occurred in the first week after stroke. The peak incidence was on the third day and the median time of onset was 4.0 days after stroke (interquartile range, 2–12). The presence of a pneumonia was associated with an increased risk of poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 4.8 [95% CI, 3.8–6.1]) or death (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.1 [95% CI, 3.7–4.6]). These associations were present throughout the 90 days of follow-up.

Conclusions:
Two out of 3 pneumonias in the first 3 months after stroke occur in the first week, with a peak incidence on the third day. The most optimal period to assess pneumonia prevention strategies is the first 4 days after stroke. However, pneumonia occurring later was also associated with poor functional outcome or death.
How Choreostorming Informs Thinking in Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology
Authors: Bargonetti Jill 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The medium of interpretive dance to convey basic science is well regarded but not commonplace for college-level instruction or scientific hypothesis development. The molecular biology of cancer involves multiple polymer languages that coordinate genome information flow from DNA to RNA to proteins. The author’s course (1) uses a nonbinary art-science approach to teach the molecular biology of cancer; (2) communicates cellular processes to cancer patients in order to empower them to understand what they are experiencing; and (3) assists cancer scientists in developing hypotheses through kinesthetic and visual enactment of cellular processes. Nontrained movers and scientific thinkers together participate in choreostorming, a nonbinary process for developing, and extending, thought experiments into the movement laboratory.
Birds using artificial plants as nesting material
Authors: Hiemstra Auke-Florian , Gravendeel Barbara , Schilthuizen Menno 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Here we present the first cases of birds using artificial plants as nest material. We report our findings for the common coot (Fulica atra) from Leiden, the Netherlands, in 2019. This is the first population of freshwater birds studied for its use of anthropogenic nest materials, and together with another report from the same year, the earliest case of an entire bird population with plastic in all nests. We also report the first artificial plants used as nesting material by birds, and discuss the implications of their usage as such.
Islamic Marble Objects from Afghanistan in the Bumiller Collection, Bamberg
Authors: Giunta Roberta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Bumiller Collection in Bamberg includes a number of Afghan marble artefacts that are thought to have come from Ghazni, ancient capital of the Ghaznavids (977–1186), famous for the abundant use of this material both in the decoration of religious and civil buildings in the medieval era and in the construction of funerary monuments in medieval and post-medieval times. A comparison with the finds documented by the Italian Archaeological Mission, engaged in Afghanistan since 1956 and with a specific interest in the city of Ghazni, reveals several interesting aspects that allow us to advance hypotheses about the effective provenance and dating of the marbles in the Collection.
Where Do Those Beautiful Ladies and Wolf’s Footprints Lead Us? The Mādhyamikas on Two Cārvāka/Lokāyata Stanzas
Authors: Del Toso Krishna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This is the third and final part of a study focused on the Madhyamaka accounts of the Cārvāka/Lokāyata so-called “wolf’s footprint” stanza and tale, and “beautiful lady” stanza. In particular, this paper discusses Jayānanda’s short account of the tale and the stanzas contained in his Madhyamakāvatāraṭīkā on Candrakīrti’s Madhyamakāvatārabhāṣya. The Tibetan edition and English translation of Jayānanda’s relevant passages are also provided.
Inventaire préliminaire du lexique arabe vernaculaire/semi-vernaculaire d’Ifrīqiya recueilli dans deux sources bio-hagiographiques : les Manāqib Abī Isḥāq al-Ǧabanyānī et les Manāqib Muḥriz b. Ḫalaf (5e/11e siècle)
Authors: Meouak Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This short note presents some lexical data in vernacular/semi-vernacular Arabic collected in the following Ifriqiyan sources: Manāqib Abī Isḥāq al-Jabanyānī and Manāqib Muḥriz b. Khalaf (5th/11th century). The main idea of the study is to remind the linguist and the historian of the real interest there would be in examining the textual material in vernacular/semi-vernacular Arabic from Medieval Tunisia in order to contribute to a better knowledge of the social history of linguistic habits.
Mechanisms shaping wind convergence under extreme synoptic situations over the Gulf Stream region
Authors: Rousseau Victor , Sanchez-Gomez Emilia , Msadek Rym , Moine Marie-Pierre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAir-sea interaction processes over the Gulf Stream have received particular attention over the last decade. It has been shown that sea surface temperature (SST) gradients over the Gulf Stream can alter the near surface wind divergence through changes in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the response: the Vertical Mixing Mechanism (VMM) and the Pressure Adjustment Mechanism (PAM). However, their respective contribution is still under debate. It has been argued that the synoptic perturbations over the Gulf Stream can provide more insight on the MABL response to SST fronts. We analyze the VMM and PAM under different atmospheric conditions obtained from a classification method based on the deciles of the statistical distribution of winter turbulent heat fluxes over the Gulf Stream. Lowest deciles are associated with weak air-sea interactions and anticyclonic atmospheric circulation over the Gulf Stream, whereas highest deciles are related to strong air-sea interactions and a cyclonic circulation. Our analysis includes the low and high-resolution versions of the ARPEGEv6 atmospheric model forced by observed SST, and the recently released ERA5 global reanalysis. We find that the occurrence of anticyclonic and cyclonic perturbations associated with different anomalous wind regimes can locally modulate the activation of the VMM and the PAM. In particular, the PAM is predominant in anticyclonic conditions, whereas both mechanisms are equally present in most of the cyclonic conditions. Our results highlight the role of the atmospheric circulation and associated anomalous winds in the location, strength and occurrence of both mechanisms.
The inherent uncertainty of precipitation variability, trends, and extremes due to internal variability, with implications for Western US water resources
Authors: McKinnon Karen A. , Deser Clara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe approximately century-long instrumental record of precipitation over land reflects a single sampling of internal variability. Thus, the spatiotemporal evolution of the observations is only one realization of `what could have occurred' given the same climate system and boundary conditions, but different initial conditions. While climate models can be used to produce initial-condition large ensembles that explicitly sample different sequences of internal variability, an analogous approach is not possible for the real world. Here, we explore the use of a statistical model for monthly precipitation to generate synthetic ensembles based on a single record. When tested within the context of the NCAR Community Earth System Model version 1 Large Ensemble (CESM1-LE), we find that the synthetic ensemble can closely reproduce the spatiotemporal statistics of variability and trends in winter precipitation over the extended contiguous United States, and that it is difficult to infer the climate change signal in a single record given the magnitude of the variability. We additionally create a synthetic ensemble based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) dataset, termed the GPCC-synth-LE; comparison of the GPCC-synth-LE with the CESM1-based ensembles reveals differences in the spatial structures and magnitudes of variability, highlighting the advantages of an observationally-based ensemble. We finally use the GPCC-synth-LE to analyze three water resource metrics in the Upper Colorado River Basin: frequency of dry, wet, and whiplash years. Thirty-one year ‘climatologies’ in the GPCC-synth-LE can differ by over 20% in these key water resource metrics due to sampling of internal variability, and individual ensemble members in the GPCC-synth-LE can exhibit large near-monotonic trends over the course of the last century due to sampling of variability alone.
The efficacy of seasonal terrestrial water storage forecasts for predicting vegetation activity over Africa
Authors: Cook Benjamin I , Slinski Kimberly , Peters-Lidard Christa , McNally Amy , Arsenault Kristi , Hazra Abheera 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTerrestrial water storage (TWS) provides important information on terrestrial hydroclimate and may have value for seasonal forecasting because of its strong persistence. We use the NASA Hydrological Forecast and Analysis System (NHyFAS) to investigate TWS forecast skill over Africa and assess its value for predicting vegetation activity from satellite estimates of leaf area index (LAI). Forecast skill is high over East and Southern Africa, extending up to 3–6 months in some cases, with more modest skill over West Africa. Highest skill generally occurs during the dry season or beginning of the wet season when TWS anomalies from the previous wet season are most likely to carry forward in time. In East Africa, this occurs prior to and during the transition into the spring “Long Rains” from January–March, while in Southern Africa this period of highest skill starts at the beginning of the dry season in April and extends through to the start of the wet season in October. TWS is highly and positively correlated with LAI, and a logistic regression model shows high cross-validation skill in predicting above or below normal LAI using TWS. Combining the LAI regression model with the NHyFAS forecasts, 1-month lead LAI predictions have high accuracy over East and Southern Africa, with reduced but significant skill at 3-month leads over smaller sub-regions. This highlights the potential value of TWS as an additional source of information for seasonal forecasts over Africa, with direct applications to some of the most vulnerable agricultural regions on the continent.
Clinical Factors Contributing to Anastomotic Leak After Mid-to-High Colorectal Anastomosis
Authors: Ghuman Amandeep , Ganga Ramarao , Parisi Severino Natalia , Krizzuk Dimitri , Li Qiong Zhen , Wexner Steven D. , Da Silva Giovanna 
Published: September 2021

Background Low colorectal anastomoses carry a high anastomotic leak (AL) rate (up to 20%) and thus are commonly diverted. Much less is known about mid-to-high colorectal anastomosis, which carries a leak rate of 2-4%. The objective of this study was to determine our AL rate after mid-to-high colorectal anastomosis and associated risk factors. Methods A single center retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing left colonic resections with mid-to-high colorectal anastomosis (≥7 cm from the anal verge) from January 2008 to October 2017 was utilized. Main outcome, AL, defined as clinical suspicion supported by radiological or intraoperative findings, was calculated and risk factors assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results 977 patients were included; 487 (49.9%) were male, with a mean age of 59.8 (+/−12.1) years. Mean BMI was 27.5 (+/−5.5) kg/m2. Diverticular disease (67.5%), malignancy (17.4%), and inflammatory bowel disease (2.2%) were the main indications for resection. Mean length of stay was 6.7 (+/−4.5) days. 455 (46.8%) colonic resections were performed by laparoscopy, 283 (29.1%) by hand assisted surgery, 219 (22.5%) by laparotomy, and 16 (1.6%) by robotics. Majority of patients had complete donuts (99.6%) and a negative air leak test (97.7%). 149 patients (15.3%) underwent construction of a diverting stoma. The overall AL rate was 2.1% (n = 20). Increased BMI (>30 kg/m2), P = .02, was an independent risk factor for AL and a trend observed for positive air leak tests ( P = .05), with other factors failing to achieve statistical significance. Conclusions Patients with mid-to-high colorectal anastomosis have a 2% AL risk. Increased BMI was a risk factor for AL.
Screening of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children with severe sepsis in pediatric intensive care
Authors: El-Sayed Zeinab A , El-Owaidy Rasha H , Khamis Mohammed A , Rezk Ahmed R 
Published: September 2021

Background: We sought to screen for clinical and laboratory features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis among pediatric patients with severe sepsis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study that analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 70 pediatric patients who died of severe sepsis. Medical records were revised for the presence of fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypofibrinogenemia. Soluble CD25 was measured in stored samples. Results: Patients’ ages ranged between 0.5 and 11 years with median (interquartile range) 2 (1–5). All patients had fever (≥38.5 °C) and pancytopenia, 58 (82.9%) hepatosplenomegaly, 36 (51.4%) lymphadenopathy, 37 (52.9%) had ferritin >500 ng/ml, 20 (28.6%) had fibrinogen <1.5 mg/ml, 14 (20%) had fasting triglycerides >264 mg/dl while 5 (7.1%) had soluble CD25 >2400 U/ml. Twenty-five (35.7%) patients fulfilled at least 5/6 of the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-2004 diagnostic criteria. Multivariate backward binary logistic regression analysis revealed lymphadenopathy as an independent predictor for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis criteria fulfilment with odds ratio of 23.9. Fibrinogen had the best performance in discriminating hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis fulfilling from non-fulfilling groups (cut-off value: <1.8 mg/ml), followed by ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio (cut-off value: >17). Conclusion: There is a significant clinical and laboratory overlap between hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and severe sepsis, making the syndromes difficult to distinguish. The use of current hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-2004 diagnostic criteria should be applied cautiously in those patients.
Frailty Index as a Predictor of Readmission in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Voora Rohith S. , Qian Alexander S. , Kotha Nikhil V. , Qiao Edmund M. , Meineke Minhthy , Murphy James D. , Orosco Ryan K. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive utility of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS), a stratification tool based on the ICD‐10 (International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision), and other risk factors for 30‐day readmissions and mortality in a nationally representative cohort.Study DesignRetrospective database review.SettingNationwide Readmissions Database (2017).MethodsPatients with head and neck cancer who underwent major surgical procedures were identified from the 2017 Nationwide Readmissions Database, representing 116 medical centers nationwide. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to identify factors associated with unplanned 30‐day readmission, 30‐day readmission mortality, and increased length of hospital stay.ResultsA total of 14,420 patients underwent major head and neck cancer surgery. Unplanned readmission occurred in 11% of patients. The most common reasons for unplanned readmission were procedural complications (26.5%), sepsis (7.3%), and respiratory failure (3.9%). Elevated frailty index (HFRS ≥5) was identified in 22% of patients. Frailty was associated with higher 30‐day readmission rates (18.0% vs 9.5%, P <. 01), which held on multivariate modeling (odds ratio [OR], 1.59 [95% CI, 1.37‐1.85]). Frail patients spent more days in the hospital (8.2 vs 6.8, P =. 02) and incurred more charges across hospital stays ($275,000 vs $188,000, P <. 01). Patients >75 years old (OR, 1.26 [1.03‐1.55]) and patients with electrolyte abnormalities (OR, 1.25 [1.07‐1.46] were significantly more likely to be readmitted.ConclusionIn this head and neck cancer surgical population, HFRS significantly predicted unplanned readmission. HFRS is a potential risk stratification tool and should be compared with other methods and explored in other cancer populations. Beyond the challenge of identifying at‐risk patients, future work should explore potential interventions aimed at mitigating readmission.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Targeted Screening Implementation and Outcomes: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Ronner Evette A. , Glovsky Cheryl K. , Herrmann Barbara S. , Woythaler Melissa A. , Pasternack Mark S. , Cohen Michael S. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and outcomes of a targeted cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing protocol.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary care institution.MethodsTargeted screening for CMV in children who did not pass the newborn hearing screening (NHS) was introduced in July 2015 for the level 2 and 3 nurseries at our hospital. In January 2016, this policy was extended to include all nurseries. Retrospective chart review was performed for all newborns who did not pass their NHS between 2013 and 2020. CMV testing rates and related outcomes were compared before and after rollout.ResultsA total of 891 charts were reviewed for infants who did not pass their NHS: 530 (60%) had CMV testing, of which 8 (1.5%) tested positive. Three cases were detected prior to and 5 occurred after initiation of targeted screening. Six CMV+ infants demonstrated hearing loss on confirmatory auditory brainstem response, all of whom began treatment with oral valganciclovir. Hearing remained stable in 3 patients, progressed in 2, and improved in 1. The rate of CMV testing in children who did not pass their NHS increased from 14% to 88% after full implementation of targeted screening (P <. 001). The average age at initial infectious disease consultation was significantly younger for infants born after targeted screening (P <. 001).ConclusionTargeted screening is a feasible and effective method to identify CMV+ infants early in life. Implementation of a targeted screening program for CMV in children who do not pass the NHS resulted in significantly higher rates of CMV testing and earlier referral to infectious disease.
Identifying older adults with frailty approaching end-of-life: A systematic review
Authors: Hall Alex , Boulton Elisabeth , Kunonga Patience , Spiers Gemma , Beyer Fiona , Bower Peter , Craig Dawn , Todd Chris , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: September 2021

Background: People with frailty may have specific needs for end-of-life care, but there is no consensus on how to identify these people in a timely way, or whether they will benefit from intervention. Aim: To synthesise evidence on identification of older people with frailty approaching end-of-life, and whether associated intervention improves outcomes. Design: Systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020462624). Data sources: Six databases were searched, with no date restrictions, for articles reporting prognostic or intervention studies. Key inclusion criteria were adults aged 65 and over, identified as frail via an established measure. End-of-life was defined as the final 12 months. Key exclusion criteria were proxy definitions of frailty, or studies involving people with cancer, even if also frail. Results: Three articles met the inclusion criteria. Strongest evidence came from one study in English primary care, which showed distinct trajectories in electronic Frailty Index scores in the last 12 months of life, associated with increased risk of death. We found no studies evaluating established clinical tools (e.g. Gold Standards Framework) with existing frail populations. We found no intervention studies; the literature on advance care planning with people with frailty has relied on proxy definitions of frailty. Conclusion: Clear implications for policy and practice are hindered by the lack of studies using an established approach to assessing frailty. Future end-of-life research needs to use explicit approaches to the measurement and reporting of frailty, and address the evidence gap on interventions. A focus on models of care that incorporate a palliative approach is essential.
Retrograde endoureterotomy as a treatment option for impacted calculus in the ureterointestinal junction
Authors: Panach-Navarrete Jorge , Negueroles-García María , Martínez-Jabaloyas José María 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In patients with a history of radical cystectomy and with intestinal diversion, urolithiasis in the upper urinary tract is a frequent event. Material and methods: We describe for the first time a case of retrograde endoureterotomy used to treat a calculus proximal to the ureterointestinal junction. Results: This technique is of interest when antegrade access is not possible. In our example, after passing the guidewire percutaneously, and externalize it through the stoma, the left meatus was reached with a resectoscope inserted through the ileal duct. After the use of a balloon to prevent migration of the calculus, a retrograde endoureterotomy was performed with a Collins knife and the stone removed. The patient’s progress was satisfactory. Conclusion: Endoscopic management of calculi in patients with intestinal diversion can be performed with different approaches. We recommend retrograde endoureterotomy as a feasible treatment option for the removal of impacted calculi at the ureterointestinal junction.