bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asian American Jews, Race, and Religious Identity
Authors: Mehta Samira K 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article is an exploration of marriages between white American Jews and non-Christian or Jewish Asian Americans in order to illustrate how Christian roots and biases inherent in the term religion delineate these families’ boundaries around family practice such that such Jewish-Asian American families produce a broader range of cultural mixture than their Jewish-Christian counterparts. It argues that this blending occurs because of the different relationships to the notion of “religion” held by American Jews and non-Christian/Jewish Asian Americans, and their histories in the United States, due to 1) the reality that American Jews have been deeply involved in shaping contemporary understandings of religion in the United States and have spent several generations being formed by those understandings, whereas many Asian Americans have not; 2) the tendency among non-Christian and Jewish Asian Americans to use broader terminology like “tradition” and “culture” to describe various practices because religion is not understood as a separate system, and 3) Jewish involvement in white American appropriation of Asian practices.
Cancer-related FGFR2 overexpression and gene amplification in Japanese patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Minashi Keiko , Yamada Takeshi , Hosaka Hisashi , Amagai Kenji , Shimizu Yoshiaki , Kiyozaki Hirokazu , Sato Mikio , Soeda Atsuko , Endo Shinji , Ishida Hiroyasu , Kamoshida Toshiro , Sakai Yoshinori , Shitara Kohei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveFibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) has been proposed as a novel druggable target in unresectable gastric cancer. FGFR2 alteration has been reported as associated with poor prognosis even in patients with gastric cancer who received systemic chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of FGFR2 overexpression and gene amplification in clinical specimens from Japanese patients with recurrent or unresectable gastric cancer.MethodsThis observational study enrolled patients who were histologically or cytologically confirmed with unresectable HER2-negative or unknown gastric or gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma treated with at least one previous chemotherapy. FGFR2 overexpression and gene amplification in the specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods, respectively.ResultsIn a total of 173 eligible cases, FGFR2 immunohistochemistry score was evaluated as 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 for 20, 80, 35, 28 and 10 cases, respectively. In 151 evaluable cases with FGFR2 immunohistochemistry scores of 1–4, FGFR2 copy number expressed as fluorescence in situ hybridization signals were detected as &lt;4, ≥4 &lt; 10 and ≥10 copies for 123, 16 and 12 cases, respectively. FGFR2 copy number showed an increasing tendency along with higher FGFR2 immunohistochemistry scores in the corresponding specimen. The response rate and time to treatment failure for first line chemotherapy did not have any obvious relationship to FGFR2 immunohistochemistry score and FGFR2 copy number.ConclusionsAlthough FGFR2 overexpression and gene amplification were shown in Japanese patients with unresectable gastric cancer, these alterations did not impact the effects of cytotoxic agents as first line chemotherapy.
Oncological and prognostic analysis of soft tissue sarcoma of the elbow: report using the bone and soft tissue tumor registry in Japan
Authors: Emori Makoto , Iba Kousuke , Murahashi Yasutaka , Shimizu Junya , Sonoda Tomoko , Wada Takuro , Yamashita Toshihiko , Kawai Akira 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
Soft tissue sarcomas in the elbow are extremely rare, and they have primarily been described in case series. Definitive concerning the prevalence and prognostic factors of elbow soft tissue sarcomas remain unknown. We examined the outcome of patients with elbow soft tissue sarcomas and identified the relevant prognostic factors.

Methods
In total, 219 patients with elbow soft tissue sarcomas were identified using data from the bone and soft tissue tumor registry in Japan. Differences in demographics, disease characteristics, treatment and survival were compared among the patients. Survival analyses including local recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank tests and the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Two hundred nineteen patients with elbow soft tissue sarcomas were identified, including 119 males (54.3%) and 100 females (45.7%). In total, 189 patients (86.3%) underwent surgery including re-excision. Of the surgically treated patients, 180 (95.2%) underwent limb salvage surgery, and nine patients (4.8%) underwent amputation. The 5-year overall survival, local recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival rates for the entire patient cohort were 76.3, 70.1, and 69.3%, respectively. After adjusting for clinically relevant factors, overall survival was significantly worse among patients with tumors: &gt;10 cm (hazard ratio = 4.34; 95% confidence interval = 1.03–18.2) and metastatic disease (hazard ratio = 6.94; 95% confidence interval = 1.55–31.0).

Conclusions
Tumor size was identified as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.
Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Adams Daniel J , Barone Josephine B , Nylund Cade M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in children is more often acquired in the community than in the hospital. Community-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) cases seem to be rising, although this is confounded by the unclear role of C. difficile in children 1 and 3 years of age and overreliance on nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis. Exposure to antibiotics, acid suppression medications, health care settings, and close contacts with CDI are associated with CA-CDI in children. These infections are more common in children with chronic medical conditions, especially those involving the gastrointestinal tract and immune suppression. Most CA-CDI in children are mild and managed in the outpatient setting, but a small subset requires hospitalization and can be quite severe. Approximately 10% of children with CA-CDI experience a recurrence. Infection control guidance focuses on the hospital setting and future studies on the best methods for preventing community spread of C. difficile are needed.
Cross-Dressing in the City: Olive Malvery’s The Speculator
Authors: Colella Silvana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Despite a growing body of scholarship on finance and fiction, Malvery’s The Speculator has not yet received the critical attention it deserves. In this article, I undertake the first detailed analysis of Malvery’s fictional foray into the world of finance, centred on the story of a female stockbroker operating in disguise in the City of London. The first section of the article focuses on late nineteenth-century and early Edwardian novels of finance, chiefly concerned with deploring the cunning ruses of company promoters, and provides a brief overview of their representations of the ‘popular investor’. I then analyse how the cross-dressing masquerade is orchestrated and tested in The Speculator, culminating in a scene of violence that takes place at the Stock Exchange and exposes the threat of physical force underpinning discriminatory regulation. The final section argues that the swerve towards the spy thriller, a popular genre in Edwardian England, allows Malvery to contain and disperse the fear of violence, the crude underside of the cross-dressing act, and to go on envisioning for her intrepid heroine ever more incredible adventures with geopolitical implications. By attending closely to the novel’s hybrid formal structure, my reading suggests that a good deal of fictionalizing was necessary to imagine the protagonism of women in the money market, at a time when their role as investors was no longer exceptional, but their inclusion into the circle of active financial players was still a matter of dispute.
L2, a chloroplast metalloproteinase, regulates fruit ripening by participating in ethylene autocatalysis under the control of ethylene response factors
Authors: Li Guobin , Wang Jiafa , Zhang Chunli , Ai Guo , Zhang Dedi , Wei Jing , Cai Liangyu , Li Changbao , Zhu Wenzhao , Larkin Robert M , Zhang Junhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis plays an important role in the ripening of climacteric fruits, our knowledge of the network that promotes it remains limited. We identified white fruit (wf), a tomato mutant that produces immature fruit that are white and that ripen slowly. We found that an inversion on chromosome 10 disrupts the LUTESCENT2 (L2) gene, and that white fruit is allelic to lutescent2. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology we knocked out L2 in wild type tomato and found that the l2-cr mutants produced phenotypes that were very similar to white fruit (lutescent2). In the l2-cr fruit, chloroplast development was impaired and the accumulation of carotenoids and lycopene occurred more slowly than in wild type. During fruit ripening in l2-cr mutants, the peak of ethylene release was delayed, less ethylene was produced, and the expression of ACO genes was significantly suppressed. We also found that exogenous ethylene induces the expression of L2 and that ERF.B3, an ethylene response factor, binds to the promoter of the L2 gene and activates its transcription. Thus, the expression of L2 is regulated by exogenous ethylene. Taken together, our results indicate that ethylene may affect the expression of L2 gene and that L2 participates in autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis during tomato fruit ripening.
A fast and precise methodology to search for and analyse strongly lensed gravitational-wave events
Authors: Janquart Justin , Hannuksela Otto A , Haris K , Van Den Broeck Chris 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves, like light, can be gravitationally lensed by massive astrophysical objects such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. Strong gravitational-wave lensing, forecasted at a reasonable rate in ground-based gravitational-wave detectors such as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA, produces multiple images separated in time by minutes to months. These images appear as repeated events in the detectors: gravitational-wave pairs, triplets, or quadruplets with identical frequency evolution originating from the same sky location. To search for these images, we need to, in principle, analyse all viable combinations of individual events present in the gravitational-wave catalogues. An increasingly pressing problem is that the number of candidate pairs that we need to analyse grows rapidly with the increasing number of single-event detections. At design sensitivity, one may have as many as $\mathcal {O}(10^5)$ event pairs to consider. To meet the ever-increasing computational requirements, we develop a fast and precise Bayesian methodology to analyse strongly lensed event pairs, enabling future searches. The methodology works by replacing the prior used in the analysis of one strongly lensed gravitational-wave image by the posterior of another image; the computation is then further sped up by a pre-computed lookup table. We demonstrate how the methodology can be applied to any number of lensed images, enabling fast studies of strongly lensed quadruplets.
The radio loudness of SDSS quasars from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: ubiquitous jet activity and constraints on star formation
Authors: Macfarlane C , Best P N , Sabater J , Gürkan G , Jarvis M J , Röttgering H J A , Baldi R D , Calistro Rivera G , Duncan K J , Morabito L K , Prandoni I , Retana-Montenegro E 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine the distribution of radio emission from ∼42 000 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, as measured in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). We present a model of the radio luminosity distribution of the quasars that assumes that every quasar displays a superposition of two sources of radio emission: active galactic nuclei (jets) and star formation. Our two-component model provides an excellent match to the observed radio flux density distributions across a wide range of redshifts and quasar optical luminosities; this suggests that the jet-launching mechanism operates in all quasars but with different powering efficiency. The wide distribution of jet powers allows for a smooth transition between the ‘radio-quiet’ and ‘radio-loud’ quasar regimes, without need for any explicit bimodality. The best-fitting model parameters indicate that the star formation rate of quasar host galaxies correlates strongly with quasar luminosity and also increases with redshift at least out to z ∼ 2. For a model where star formation rate scales as $L_{\rm bol}^{\alpha } (1+z)^{\beta }$, we find α = 0.47 ± 0.01 and β = 1.61 ± 0.05, in agreement with far-infrared studies. Quasars contribute ≈0.15 per cent of the cosmic star formation rate density at z = 0.5, rising to 0.4 per cent by z ∼ 2. The typical radio jet power is seen to increase with both increasing optical luminosity and black hole mass independently, but does not vary with redshift, suggesting intrinsic properties govern the production of the radio jets. We discuss the implications of these results for the triggering of quasar activity and the launching of jets.
EEG findings in CAR T-cell-associated neurotoxicity: Clinical and radiological correlations
Authors: Beuchat Isabelle , Danish Husain H , Rubin Daniel B , Jacobson Caron , Robertson Matthew , Vaitkevicius Henrikas , Lee Jong Woo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile EEG is frequently reported as abnormal after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, its clinical significance remains unclear. We aim to systematically describe EEG features in a large single-center cohort and correlate them with clinical and radiological findings.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy who had continuous EEG. Neurotoxicity grades, detailed neurological symptoms, and brain MRI or FDG-PET were obtained. Correlation between clinical and radiological findings and EEG features was assessed.ResultsIn 81 patients with median neurotoxicity grade 3 (IQR 2–3), diffuse EEG background slowing was the most common finding and correlated with neurotoxicity severity (P &lt;.001). A total of 42 patients had rhythmic or periodic patterns, 16 of them within the ictal-interictal-continuum (IIC), 5 with clinical seizures, and 3 with only electrographic seizures. Focal EEG abnormalities, consisting of lateralized periodic discharges (LPD, n = 1), lateralized rhythmic delta activity (LRDA, n = 6), or focal slowing (n = 19), were found in 22 patients. All patients with LRDA, LPD, and 10/19 patients with focal slowing had focal clinical symptoms concordant with these EEG abnormalities. In addition, these focal EEG changes are often correlated with PET hypometabolism or MRI hypoperfusion, in absence of a structural lesion.ConclusionIn adult patients experiencing neurotoxicity after CAR T-cell infusion, EEG degree of background disorganization correlated with neurotoxicity severity. IIC patterns and focal EEG abnormalities are frequent and often correlate with focal clinical symptoms and with PET-hypometabolism/MRI-hypoperfusion, without structural lesion. The etiology of these findings remains to be elucidated.
Crimmigration and the ‘Paradox of Exclusion’
Authors: Rosenberg Rubins Rottem 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Much scholarship underscores the exclusionary nature of crimmigration (the policy of criminalising infringements of immigration rules and imposing adverse immigration consequences as sanctions for criminal conduct), viewing it as a system of social marginalisation designed to prevent integration. This article, conversely, demonstrates crimmigration’s potential to contribute to the partial and symbolic acceptance of migrants. The article argues that crimmigration is characterised by a ‘paradox of exclusion’—a contradictory attempt to exclude undesirable migrants via the field of criminal law, which is designed primarily for citizens. Consequently, crimmigration regimes extend to migrants certain rights associated with membership and provide irregular migrants with various opportunities to gain admittance into the community. Two main processes contribute to this dynamic: the extension of principles typical of ‘citizen criminal law’ to migrants and the equation of law abidance with ‘good citizenship’, which informally confirms the right of certain migrants to remain in the country or their suitability for membership. The article discusses crimmigration’s consequent contribution to the process of civic stratification.
Sticky Stigma: The Impact of Incarceration on Perceptions of Personality Traits and Deservingness
Authors: Brew Bridget , Alani Frances , Li Anita , Wildeman Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Stigma is often cited as a mechanism driving the consequences of incarceration for formerly incarcerated people and their families. Few studies, however, provide quantitative evidence of the nature and strength of stigma stemming from direct and indirect interaction with jails. In this article, we use an experimental vignette design to make two contributions. First, we use two nonincarceration control groups that allow us to differentiate the stigma attached to incarceration relative to one condition that is not stigmatized (colorblindness) from another that is (drug addiction). Second, we test whether having a partner or family member who has been incarcerated in jail generates stigma. We find that having a formerly incarcerated relative negatively impacts perceptions of personality traits, financial deservingness, and parenting quality. We also show that the stigmatized control condition is comparable with the prior incarceration of a male relative, but more favorable than one’s own prior incarceration, indicating unique incarceration stigma. These findings have implications for our understanding of social inequality because they demonstrate how members of marginalized groups who are most likely to experience incarceration or have an incarcerated loved one continue to face informal social exclusion and the attendant consequences long after the formal punishment.
Theoretical Performance of Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Models Incorporating Saliva as an Alternative Sampling Matrix for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Pediatrics: A Simulation Study
Authors: Kruizinga Matthijs D. , Stuurman Frederik E. , Driessen Gertjan J.A. , Cohen Adam F. , Bergmann Kirsten R. , van Esdonk Michiel J. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Historically, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) have relied on plasma as a sampling matrix. Noninvasive sampling matrices, such as saliva, can reduce the burden on pediatric patients. The variable plasma–saliva relationship can be quantified using population PK models (nonlinear mixed-effect models). However, criteria regarding acceptable levels of variability in such models remain unclear. In this simulation study, the authors aimed to propose a saliva TDM evaluation framework and evaluate model requirements in the context of TDM, with gentamicin and lamotrigine as model compounds.

Methods:
Two population pharmacokinetic models for gentamicin in neonates and lamotrigine in pediatrics were extended with a saliva compartment including a delay constant (kSALIVA), a saliva:plasma ratio, and between-subject variability (BSV) on both parameters. Subjects were simulated using a realistic covariate distribution. Bayesian maximum a posteriori TDM was applied to assess the performance of an increasing number of TDM saliva samples and varying levels of BSV and residual variability. Saliva TDM performance was compared with plasma TDM performance. The framework was applied to a known voriconazole saliva model as a case study.

Results:
TDM performed using saliva resulted in higher target attainment than no TDM, and a residual proportional error <25% on saliva observations led to saliva TDM performance comparable with plasma TDM. BSV on kSALIVA did not affect performance, whereas increasing BSV on saliva:plasma ratios by >25% for gentamicin and >50% for lamotrigine reduced performance. The simulated target attainment for voriconazole saliva TDM was >90%.

Conclusions:
Saliva as an alternative matrix for noninvasive TDM is possible using nonlinear mixed-effect models combined with Bayesian optimization. This article provides a workflow to explore TDM performance for compounds measured in saliva and can be used for evaluation during model building.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Teicoplanin and Its Dosing Recommendations for Neutropenic Patients With Augmented Renal Clearance for Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Sako Ken-ichi , Nakamaru Yuta , Ikawa Kazuro , Maeda Tomoji , Goto Sotaro , Ishihara Yoko , Kato Yukio , Matsuda Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Plasma teicoplanin concentrations do not reach the therapeutic range in several patients with hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models have not been clarified for malignancy. The decrease in the teicoplanin concentration in patients with cancer has been attributed to augmented renal clearance (ARC). It is essential to identify the causative factors of ARC to construct a PPK model to optimize the administration method. The authors aimed to establish a PPK model and develop an appropriate dosing regimen for teicoplanin in patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods:
PPK analysis was performed using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data from 119 patients with hematological malignancies. The developed model was verified by predictive performance.

Results:
The covariates affecting systemic clearance were serum creatinine, presence or absence of neutropenia (<500/μL), and body size descriptor. Patients with hematologic malignancies and neutropenia showed a 25% increase in clearance compared with those with a normal neutrophil count. The PPK model was constructed based on the presence or absence of neutropenia. This model allowed the selection of the most appropriate dosage regimen out of those recommended by the TDM guidelines for patients with eGFR of >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The PPK model predicted a dosing regimen for achieving a 10% improvement in the coverage probability of the target concentration range during the loading and maintenance phases.

Conclusions:
The PPK model may help optimize dose regimens and evaluate dosing methods, using comparative simulations, in patients with hematological malignancies.
Waist Narrowing without Removal of Ribs
Authors: Kudzaev Kazbek U. , Kraiushkin Igor A. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
A narrow waist is considered one of the most attractive female body features. We have developed a minimally invasive surgical method of waist narrowing without rib removal. An access to XI and XII ribs is made through small incisions at the scapular line on both sides. The dorsal cortical plates are osteotomized using a sagittal oscillator saw with a 10 mm wide blade or a piezotome. The osteoclasy is performed, “green stick” type fracture is obtained, and wounds are closed. We put a tight chest corset on a patient for 2 months until the ribs’ fractures consolidate in new position. The number of our clinical cases is 93, and 14 of them were available for follow up at 6 months or more. The average waistline reduction is about 8.0 cm. We indicated period of time, number of cases, and selection criteria. This method is atraumatic, has a short rehabilitation period, and provides for obvious clinical effect.