bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and population structure of Robinia pseudoacacia from six improved variety bases in China as revealed by simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Guo Qi , Cao Sen , Dong Li , Li Xiuyu , Zhang Jiangtao , Zhang Yuanshuai , Zhang Zijie , Sun Yuhan , Long Cui , Fan Yingming , Han Chao , Han Peiyao , Liu Xiaodi , Li Yun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRobinia pseudoacaciais an important afforestation tree introduced to China in 1878. In the present study, we examined the genetic diversity among 687 strains representing four improved varieties and two secondary provenances, comprising 641 clones and 46 seedlings. Ninety-one simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were selected through segregation analysis and polymorphism characterization, and all sampled individuals were genotyped using well-characterized SSR markers. After excluding loci with non-neutral equilibrium, missing locus data and null alleles, we used 36 primer pairs to assess the genetic diversity of these germplasm resources, revealing vast genetic differentiation among the samples, with an average of 8.352 alleles per locus and a mean Shannon′s index of 1.302. At the population level, the partitioning of variability was assessed using analysis of molecular variance, which revealed 93% and 7% variation within and among collection sites, respectively. Four clusters were detected usingstructureanalysis, indicating a degree of genetic differentiation among the six populations. Insights into the genetic diversity and structure ofR. pseudoacaciaprovide a theoretical basis for the conservation, breeding and sustainable development in China.
NMR resonance assignments of the PR-10 allergens Act c 8 and Act d 8 from golden and green kiwifruit
Authors: Zeindl Ricarda , Tollinger Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKiwifruits have become one of the most common food sources triggering allergic reactions. In patients suffering from birch pollen related food allergy, reactions result from initial sensitization to the birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen allergen Bet v 1, followed by immunological cross-reactivity to structurally homologous proteins in kiwifruit. Clinical symptoms range from scratching and itching of the oral cavity to more severe immunological reactions such as rhino conjunctivitis. In this work we assigned backbone and side chain 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts of the 17 kDa PR-10 allergens Act c 8.0101 and Act d 8.0101 from golden (Actinidia chinesis) and green (Actinidia deliciosa) kiwifruit by solution NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift data confirm the characteristic Bet v 1 fold for both proteins, consisting of a seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet interrupted by two short α-helices, along with a long C-terminal α-helix. Our data provide the basis for determining the three-dimensional solution structures of these proteins and characterizing their immunological cross-reactivity on a structural basis.
On the Kinetic Behavior of Recycling Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) Through Copper Smelting Process
Authors: Wan Xingbang , Kleemola Lotta , Klemettinen Lassi , O’Brien Hugh , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The recycling and recovery of precious metals from secondary materials, such as waste-printed circuit boards, are an important area of circular economy research due to the limited existing resources and increasing amount of e-waste produced by the rapid development of technology. In this study, the kinetic behavior of precious metals Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd between copper matte and iron-silicate slag was investigated at a typical flash smelting temperature of 1300 °C in both air and argon atmospheres. SEM–EDS, EPMA, and LA-ICP-MS-advanced analysis methods were used for sample characterization. The results indicate that precious metals favor the matte phase over slag, and the deportment to matte occurred swiftly within a short time after the system had reached the experimental temperature. With increasing contact times, the precious metals were distributed increasingly into the sulfide matte. The distribution coefficients, based on experimentally measured element concentrations, followed the order of palladium > platinum > gold > silver in both air and argon, and the matte acted as an efficient collector of these precious metals. The obtained results can be applied to industrial copper matte smelting processes, and they also help in upgrading CFD models to simulate the flash smelting process more precisely.

Graphical Abstract
Analysis-Specific Fast Simulation at the LHC with Deep Learning
Authors: Chen C. , Cerri O. , Nguyen T. Q. , Vlimant J. R. , Pierini M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a fast-simulation application based on a deep neural network, designed to create large analysis-specific datasets. Taking as an example the generation of W + jet events produced in $$\sqrt{s}=$$

s

=

13 TeV proton–proton collisions, we train a neural network to model detector resolution effects as a transfer function acting on an analysis-specific set of relevant features, computed at generation level, i.e., in absence of detector effects. Based on this model, we propose a novel fast-simulation workflow that starts from a large amount of generator-level events to deliver large analysis-specific samples. The adoption of this approach would result in about an order-of-magnitude reduction in computing and storage requirements for the collision simulation workflow. This strategy could help the high energy physics community to face the computing challenges of the future High-Luminosity LHC.
Therapiemöglichkeiten der weiblichen Belastungsinkontinenz
Authors: Anding Ralf , Müller Stefan , Seifert Helge 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Jahrtausendwende ging in Bezug auf das Thema weibliche Inkontinenz mit vielen wesentlichen Änderungen einher, der Begriff Stressinkontinenz wurde von Belastungsinkontinenz abgelöst, die Integraltheorie von Petros u. Ulmsten sowie das Hammock-Modell von DeLancey erweiterten das Verständnis der weiblichen Inkontinenz, das TVT (Tension-free vaginal tape) setzte sich in kurzer Zeit weltumspannend als Therapiestandard durch. Die vielversprechend gestartete Stammzelltherapie wird trotz inzwischen vorliegender klinischer Studien kontrovers beurteilt. Etablierte Therapieverfahren sind zunächst die konservative Therapie mit gezieltem Beckenbodentraining, minimal-invasive Verfahren wie die suburethrale Injektion, klassische Operationsverfahren wie die Faszienzügelplastik und die Kolposuspension mit ihren Modifikationen sowie die alloplastischen suburethralen Bänder (TVT, TOT [Transobturator tape], SIS [Single incision sling]), entweder spannungsfrei oder adjustierbar. Die Operationsmethoden liefern auch im Langzeitverlauf insgesamt gute Ergebnisse bei geringerer Morbidität der Bandverfahren. In Anbetracht der weltweiten Zulassungsbeschränkungen alloplastischer Bänder sollten die urogynäkologische Expertise in klassischen Operationstechniken aufrechterhalten werden und neue Entwicklungen den IDEAL (Innovation, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study)-Empfehlungen folgen.
Promoter analysis of the SPATULA (FvSPT) and SPIRAL (FvSPR) genes in the woodland diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.)
Authors: Hidvégi Norbert , Gulyás Andrea , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Wicaksono Adhityo , Kiss Erzsébet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify transcription factor (TF) binding sites and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) on the promoters of FvSPR1-like2 (SPIRAL) and FvSPT (SPATULA) genes in the woodland diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). We identified: (1) MYB59, WRKY25 and WRKY8 TFs which play a role in ethylene signaling; (2) ARF family of TFs which play a role in ARF-mediated auxin signaling on the promoter of FvSPR1-like2 gene; (3) ARR family of TFs which play a role in cytokinin signaling; (4) ERF family of TFs which play a role in ethylene signaling on the promoter of FvSPT. This bioinformatic analysis of TFs and CREs may provide a better understanding of the function of genes involved in, and the mechanism underlying, non-climateric ripening during strawberry fruit maturation.
How Relevant is the Systemic Oxytocin Concentration for Human Sexual Behavior? A Systematic Review
Authors: Cera Nicoletta , Vargas-Cáceres Sebastián , Oliveira Cátia , Monteiro Jéssica , Branco David , Pignatelli Duarte , Rebelo Sandra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Despite its role in social cognition and affiliative behavior, less is known about the role played by oxytocin in human sexual behavior.

Aim
In the present systematic review, we aimed to find the levels of oxytocin related to human sexual arousal and orgasm.

Methods
We conducted the study according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We performed a systematic search in the principal databases for studies that reported collection of salivary or plasmatic samples, with dosage of oxytocin in relation to sexual activity during induction of sexual arousal and orgasm.

Results
414 articles were obtained. After duplicates removal and the application of pre exclusion criteria, 16 articles were considered eligible and 13 articles were included with a Cohen's k of 0.827. Most of the studies used sexual self-stimulation and collected plasmatic or salivary samples to measure oxytocin. The sexual arousal and orgasm were assessed based on subjective reports.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcomes were the oxytocin levels collected during the induction of sexual arousal and orgasm.

Conclusions
Several studies collected only subjective reports about the sexual arousal and the orgasm. Most of the studies found higher levels of oxytocin during the orgasm or ejaculation. Given the sexual arousal evoked by self-stimulation in which sexual fantasies play an important role, it should be possible to postulate for a role of the oxytocin in sexual desire. In particular, we hypothesize a complex role of the oxytocin in the modulation of sexual fantasies and thoughts that are relevant in the sexual desire and help to trigger genital and sexual arousal.
Economic Activity and the Value of Medical Innovation during a Pandemic
Authors: Mulligan Casey B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe “shutdown” economy of April 2020 is compared to a normally functioning economy both in terms of market and nonmarket activities. Three novel methods and data indicate that a full shutdown of “nonessential” activities puts market production about 25 % below normal in the short run. At an annual rate, a full shutdown costs $9 trillion, or about $18,000 per household per quarter. Employment already fell 24 million by early April 2020. These costs indicate, among other things, the value of innovation in both health and general business sectors that can accelerate the time when, and the degree to which, normal activity resumes.
The Preparedness of Primary Health Care Network in terms of Emergency Risk Communication: A Study in Iran
Authors: Bagheri Zeinab , Dehdari Tahereh , Lotfizadeh Masoud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) is known as 1 of the important components of an effective response to public health emergencies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the preparedness of the Primary Health Care Network (PHCN) of Iran in terms of the ERC.Methods:This study was conducted in 136 Primary Health Care Facilities (PHCFs) affilated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. Data in terms of ERC were collected using a checklist developed by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Results:The findings of the study revealed that 65.9% of the PHCFs had low preparedness in terms of the ERC, 33.3% had a moderate level and 0.8% had high preparedness in this regard. There was a significant difference between the level of ERC and the history of crisis in the past year, PHCF type, and the education level of the responsible employees in the crisis unit in the PHCF.Conclusions:The results showed that the PHCFs studied need to increase their capacity and capability in the field of ERC. Further efforts to provide ERC components may increase the preparedness of PHCN in Iran in terms of the ERC.
Anti-cancer therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: impact and challenges
Authors: Reinius Marika A. V. , Smyth Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CKIs) has marked a major development in the standard treatment of advanced breast cancer. Extensive preclinical, translational and clinical research efforts into CKI agents are ongoing, and clinical application of this class of systemic anti-cancer therapy is anticipated to expand beyond metastatic breast cancer treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that mechanisms by which CKI agents exert their therapeutic effect transcend their initially expected impacts on cell cycle control into the realms of cancer immunology and metabolism. The recent expansion in our understanding of the multifaceted impact of CKIs on tumour biology has the potential to improve clinical study design, therapeutic strategies and ultimately patient outcomes. This review contextualises the current status of CKI therapy by providing an overview of the original and emerging insights into mechanisms of action and the evidence behind their current routine use in breast cancer management. Recent preclinical and clinical studies into CKIs across tumour types are discussed, including a synthesis of the more than 300 clinical trials of CKI-combination treatments registered as of November 2020. Key challenges and opportunities anticipated in the 2020s are explored, including treatment resistance, combination therapy strategies and potential biomarker development.
Stable colonization of native plants and early invaders by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after exposure to recent invaders from the Asteraceae family
Authors: Řezáčová Veronika , Řezáč Milan , Líblová Zuzana , Michalová Tereza , Heneberg Petr 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) are globally distributed symbionts of plant roots. Relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizae can provide crucial support for the establishment of any plant in an unfavorable environment. We hypothesized that invasions of neophytes are associated with changes in the colonization of native plants and early invaders (archeophytes) by AMF. We examined changes in AMF colonization in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) (native plants) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and false oatgrass [Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl] (archeophytes) in response to the invasion of four neophytes from the Asteraceae family, namely great globethistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus L.), New York aster [Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nesom agg.], annual fleabane [Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.], and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.). We found that the AMF colonization of the Asteraceae neophytes was high in the studied monodominant invasions, and the AMF colonization of the neophytes was higher than or equal to that of the studied native plants and archeophytes. Changes in plant dominance did not serve as predictors of the extent of AMF colonization of the native plants and archeophytes despite the invaded plots being associated with strong changes in the availability of primary and secondary mineral nutrients. The absence of a response of AMF colonization of native and archeophyte plant species to the invasion of neophytes suggests that AMF are passengers, rather than drivers, in the course of Asteraceae invasions in central European environments.
Effect of low and high concentrate supplementation on health and welfare indicators in different breeds in small-scale mountain dairy farms
Authors: Flach Laura , Kühl Sarah , Lambertz Christian , DeMonte Erica , Gauly Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigated and compared the effects of low and high concentrate supplementation in terms of animal welfare, health and reproductive performance in two different dairy cow breeds on small-scale mountain farms. 64 South Tyrolean dairy farms were evaluated using an on-farm assessment for animal-based and resource-based welfare indicators, data from test day records, and a questionnaire for the farmer. Farms were divided into four groups: low input Tyrolean Grey (L-TG), low input Brown Swiss (L-BS), high input Tyrolean Grey (H-TG) and high input Brown Swiss (H-BS). Effects of intensity level, breed and their interaction were calculated and analyzed statistically. The predominant husbandry system across all groups was tie-stall. The average energy-corrected milk yield increased with increasing concentrate level, with L-TG showing the lowest and H-BS showing the highest milk yield. Age at first calving was lowest in H-BS when compared to all other systems, while numbers of lactations were higher in L-TG compared to H-BS. Feed efficiency (percentage of milk out of roughage) was significantly higher in L-TG and L-BS when compared to H-TG and H-BS. L-BS showed the poorest results for most of the welfare indicators such as lean cows, lesions and percentage of dirty animals. In conclusion, a higher concentrate level in diets does not lead automatically to lower animal welfare for dairy cows in alpine regions. Indeed, keeping high yielding breeds in extensive systems seems to be challenging. The dual-purpose breed TG showed some clear advantages in that calving interval was lower and the number of lactations greater.
Samuel P. Huntington, Brazilian ‘Decompression’ and Democracy
Authors: Pereira Anthony W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Harvard political science professor Samuel P. Huntington (1927–2008) made visits to Brazil in 1972 and 1974 to advise the government about ‘decompression’ or regime liberalisation. The literature on Brazil's dictatorship references these visits as having had a major causal impact. This article argues that his influence on Brazilian regime change is greatly exaggerated. It also argues that Huntington, who became a leading theorist of democratisation, had an interest in and commitment to democracy that was more recent and circumstantial than is often thought. This helps to explain the current period of democratic ‘deconsolidation’ associated with the rise of authoritarian national populism in Brazil.
The co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in fifty-two low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Irache Ana , Gill Paramjit , Caleyachetty Rishi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To investigate the magnitude and distribution of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).Design:We selected the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys with anthropometric and Hb level measures. Prevalence estimates and 95 % CI of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia were calculated for every country, overall and stratified by household wealth quintile, education level, area of residence and sex (for children only). Regional and overall pooled prevalences were estimated using a random-effects model. We measured gaps, expressed in percentage points, to display inequalities in the distribution of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM).Setting:Nationally representative surveys from fifty-two LMIC.Participants:Adult women (n825 769) aged 20–49 years, adolescent girls (n192 631) aged 15–19 years and children (n391 963) aged 6–59 months.Results:The pooled prevalence of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia was 12·4 % (95 % CI 11·1, 13·7) among adult women, 4·5 % (95 % CI 4·0, 5·0) among adolescent girls and 3·0 % (95 % CI 2·7, 3·3) among children. Overall, the DBM followed an inverse social gradient, with a higher prevalence among the richest quintile, most educated groups and in urban areas; however, important variations exist. The largest inequality gaps were observed among adult women in Yemen by household wealth (24·0 percentage-points) and in Niger by education level (19·6 percentage-points) and area of residence (11·9 percentage-points). Differences were predominantly significant among adult women, but less among girls and children.Conclusions:Context-specific, multifaceted, responses with an equity lens are needed to reduce all forms of malnutrition.
Reference values for intake of six types of soluble and insoluble fibre in healthy UK inhabitants based on the UK Biobank data
Authors: Shevlyakov Artem , Nikogosov Dimitri , Stewart Leigh-Ann , Toribio-Mateas Miguel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To obtain a set of reference values for the intake of different types of dietary fibre in a healthy UK population.Design:This descriptive cross-sectional study used the UK Biobank data to estimate the dietary patterns of healthy individuals. Data on fibre content in different foods were used to calculate the reference values which were then calibrated using real-world data on total fibre intake.Setting:UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of over 500 000 individuals from across the United Kingdom with the participants aged between 40 and 69 years.Participants:UK Biobank contains information on over 500 000 participants. This study was performed using the data on 19 990 individuals (6941 men, 13 049 women) who passed stringent quality control and filtering procedures and had reported above-zero intake of the analysed foods.Results:A set of reference values for the intake of six different types of soluble and insoluble fibres (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin and lignin), including the corresponding totals, was developed and calibrated using real-world data.Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish specific reference values for the intake of different types of dietary fibre. It is well known that effects exerted by different types of fibre both directly and through modulation of microbiota are numerous. Conceivably, a deficit or excess intake of specific types of dietary fibre may detrimentally affect human health. Filling this knowledge gap opens new avenues for research in discussion in studies of nutrition and microbiota and offers valuable tools for practitioners worldwide.
Australia – Anti-Dumping Measures on A4 Copy Paper: Opening a Door to More Anti-Dumping Investigations
Authors: Eliason Antonia , Fiorini Matteo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the Australia – Anti-Dumping Measures on A4 Copy Paper panel report, the second recent WTO dispute to involve a challenge to Indonesia's paper industry. The Indonesian paper industry benefits from reduced-cost inputs because of the Indonesian government's influence and subsidies over the timber and pulp market. The report offers the first interpretation of ‘particular market situation’ under Article 2.2 of the WTO's Anti-Dumping Agreement. At the same time, it raises questions regarding the appropriateness of using anti-dumping measures to address what are fundamentally subsidy issues. While the panel ultimately found that Australia's measure was inconsistent with Article 2.2, the paper shows that the panel's interpretation of ‘particular market situation’ increases the relative attractiveness of using anti-dumping duties instead of countervailing measures. Two key points on the welfare implications of the decision can be made. The first relates to the motivations of the Australian paper industry and the imperfectly competitive market in which Australian Paper operates. The second is the importance of challenging subsidies rather than imposing anti-dumping duties where the subsidies in question have negative environmental effects.