bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of liquid organic fertilizers from banana stems and coconut husk to increase potassium (K) in alfisols and corn
Authors: Riyandani R , Rasyid B , Baja S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The needs of plant potassium can be done by adding banana stem liquid organic fertilizer and coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer containing many K elements. This study aims to determine the increase in nutrient potassium and its effect on the growth of corn of Alfisols. The research design was a split-plot design consisting of the main plot as banana stem liquid organic fertilizer (P1) and coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer (P2). The sub-plots were d0 (0 ml), d2 (75 ml), d1 (50 ml), d3 (100 ml) obtained eight treatment combinations and repeated three times. Liquid organic fertilizer from banana stems and coconut husk can increase the availability of K in the soil. Coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer with 100 ml dose significantly affects the increase in pH, C-organic, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), availability of sodium, and exchangeable calcium. Also, it shows the highest average in increasing plant height and plant dry weight. The application of coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer significantly affects K content in plants and plant height. However, it has no effect on the dose given.
Agro-morphological variation of pigmented rice landraces from South Sulawesi grown in a temperate glasshouse of New Zealand
Authors: Hanifa A P , Millner J , McGill C , Sjahril R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study is aimed to compare the agro-morphological traits of 15 pigmented rice landraces and two modern rice varieties grown in the same environment. The selected rice were cultivated in a greenhouse of Massey University, New Zealand using a randomised complete block design with five replications. Data collection included agro-morphological observation and measurement. Quantitative data were analysed with analysis of variance, followed with Tukey HSD. Result showed considerable variability in seedling vigour, lodging, plant height, panicle exsertion, panicle thresh ability, spikelet fertility, and maturity among the studied pigmented rice landraces. Panicle exsertion and spikelet fertility indicate plant cope toward environmental change, which was performed better by many landraces than modern varieties. Variability in morphological characteristics was also recorded among tested varieties. Utilisation of the trait diversity can be useful for future breeding programs, which can lead to this crops’ improvement, including pest and disease resistance and grain quality research.
Potential and regeneration of tree species used as roosting habitat by Sulawesi fruit bats Acerodon celebensis in Jenetaesa, Maros Regency
Authors: Ruslan R K , Maulany R I , Nasri N , Ngakan P O 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sulawesi fruit bat (Acerodon celebensis) is an endemic fruit bat species of Sulawesi Island. Fruit bats have many important roles in the ecosystem where they act as seed dispersing agents, natural pollinating agents of flowering plants, and assist in forest regeneration. The purpose of this research is to determine their potential roosting tree species and their regeneration for A. celebensis in Jenetaesa, Maros Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months (May-July) in 2018 by initially identifying roosting tree species on the roosting site followed by surveying potential roost trees in 11.5 ha with the employment of 230 subplots. The results showed that in the area observed, the Sulawesi fruit bat has utilized 142 individuals of 21 tree species as roosting tree. Of 230 plots, there were a total of 234 individuals of 56 tree species found. However, based on species recorded to be used by the bats, only 56 individuals of 9 tree species and 11 bamboo clumps were found as potential roosting trees. Regeneration of A. celebensis roosting trees in an area of 11.5 ha was classified as low with only 7 species found and 32 individuals in average on each of growing stages.
Application of humic substances and bottom ash compounds in improving soil quality in limestone post-mining land
Authors: Musfira  , Jayadi M , Ahmad A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Limestone mining leaves the ex-mine land with poor soil chemical quality. Humic substances can be used as fertilizer to increase macronutrient availability in the soil and improve pH. The application of coal ash can improve the soil’s chemical, physical, and biological properties because it has a pH value, high organic C content, available P, and basic cations such as K, Na, Ca, and Mg. This research aims to determine the effect and interaction of humic substances and bottom ash interaction with different doses to improve soil quality after a limestone quarry. This research uses a randomized block design in a factorial pattern. This experiment consisted of humic substances (H) with 4 levels H0, H1 (0.09%), H2 (0.12%), and H3 (0.15%), and bottom ash (B) with three levels: B0, B1 (400 grams), B2 (600 grams). Humic substances at H2 concentration (0.15%) significantly increased C-organic, K, P-available, Mg-dd, and increased plant height. In contrast, bottom ash treatment at a B2 (600 grams) dose significantly affected the increase in C-organic, P-available, and Mg-dd. The treatment of humic substances with concentrations of H3 (0.15%) and bottom ash at a dose of 600 grams is the best interaction characterized by an increase in soil pH, CEC, Ca-dd, K, and Na. The application of a concentration of H3 (0.15%) and the provision of a dose of B2 (600 grams) or 120 tons/ha significantly affect the chemical properties of post-mining soils limestone and increase plant height.
Degradation of carbon stock (C) in calculation analysis of greenhouse gas emissions in cocoa plantations in South Sulawesi
Authors: Mustari K , Asrul L , Sultan I F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cocoa as one of the most developed plantation commodities in Indonesia has a strategic position in efforts to increase carbon absorption to reduce the rate of global warming. As a woody plant, cocoa can absorb CO2 from the air and store it in the form of carbon (C) in its body (biomass). The absorption process of CO2 also affects the rate of photosynthesis in plants as the main ingredient in the breakdown of carbon in the plant body, especially cocoa. This research was conducted in Gantarangkeke District, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method on the basis of consideration of the type, density and cropping system applied. The estimation of biomass used a non-destructive method by measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH 1.3 m) and the height of the cocoa. Carbon storage in cocoa is differentiated by several plant ages, namely 5 years and 10 years. The results showed that the carbon stock in Bantaeng Regency was 27.05 tons/Ha.
Estimated carbon stock of various mangrove zonation in Marsegu Island, West Seram, Maluku
Authors: Irwanto  , Paembonan S A , Ngakan P O , Maulany R I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the amount of carbon storage of various mangrove zonation formed on Marsegu Island, West Seram, Maluku. Marsegu Island is a Raised Coral Island which has 46.75% mangrove vegetation (112.29 ha) with the area of each zonation is 32.12 ha (proximal zone), 39.00 ha (middle zone) and 41.17 ha (distal zone). The calculation of stored carbon stocks of various mangrove zonation in Marsegu island used SNI guidelines (Indonesian National Standard) 7724:2011. Field measurements for estimation of forest carbon stocks (ground-based forest carbon accounting). The estimations of above-ground carbon stored in the proximal zone, middle zone and distal zone are as follows: 52.11 t/ha, 70.50 t/ha and 140.13 t/ha. Meanwhile, the below-ground (root) carbon storage is 10.62 t/ha, 13.48 t/ha and 24.36 t/ha. The potential amount of carbon of above and below ground plus dead trees and dead-wood (necromass), with estimation soil carbon storage up to 20 cm depth, are 234.07 t/ha for the proximal zone, 317.47 t/ha for middle zone and 406.58 t/ha for the distal zone. The estimated total carbon stock in Mangrove Forest of Marsegu Island is 36,637.02 tonnes.
Effect of salt immersion, slaked lime immersion, and freezing on proximate and sensory of pineapple chip processed with vacuum frying
Authors: Marzuki S U , Khoshy D , Fardenan D , Haloho J D , Rahmayanti Ramli Andi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of immersion of fresh pineapple in salt (NaCl) solution and slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) solution on quality and sensory of pineapple chip were investigated. A comparison of the freezing effect in each pre-treatment was also studied to decide the suitable recommendation of pineapple chip processing technology for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. The fresh pineapple slices were subjected to 1% w/v of salt solution and slaked lime solution for 30 minutes. To study the effect of freezing, the samples were frozen at -18°C for 24 hours. All samples were fried using a vacuum fryer at 70°C and 60 mmHg for 70 minutes. The study showed that immersion in salt solution resulting in the highest moisture and ash content (5.31±0.75°C and 2.03±0.23°C, respectively) while immersion in slaked lime solution gave the highest fat content (23.43±0.89°C). The freezing caused lower moisture and fat content but higher ash content in all treatments without significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). In sensory evaluation, immersion in salt solution resulting the highest likeability in taste, texture and overall acceptance with 5-scale hedonic test (4.10±0.85, 4.00±1.12, and 4.00±0.92, respectively) while freezing resulted in significantly (p ≥ 0.05) lower likeability in overall acceptance compared to the non-freezing treatment except for the immersion in a slaked lime solution.
The effect of processing methods on the quality of soy milk
Authors: Syamsuri R , Lestari S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The obstacle in the manufacture of soy milk is the beany flavour that derives from the soybean. Various soy milk processing technologies are used to eliminate the beany flavour, including soaking soybeans before grinding, peeling the soybean skin, heating, and giving them flavor. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the protein content of soy milk by various processing methods; 2) to determine the level of consumer preference for soy milk by several processing methods and flavor variants. The results showed that the processing method using soybean skin and without hot water soaking had the highest soy milk protein content of 2.38%, while the lowest was in the processing method skinless soybean and hot water soaking of 1.73%. Organoleptic assays for color, aroma, viscosity, and taste parameters ranged from normal to liking for all treatments. For the parameter of beany flavor in soy milk, the control sample had the highest level. Organoleptically, giving coffee and chocolate flavor variants are proven to reduce the level of the beany flavor of soy milk.
The effect of the use of perkamen paper packaging on the shelf life estimation of Bolu Cukke using the Accelerated Shelf LifeTesting (ASLT) method
Authors: Latief R , Safitry E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to estimate the shelf life of Bolu Cukke packaged in parchment paper using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method. The critical water content parameters in Bolu Cukke are its aroma and its texture. The equilibrium moisture content was obtained from six types of saturated salt solution in the humidity chamber with 7-84% RH. Isothermal sorption curves are obtained by plotting Aw with equilibrium moisture content (Me) which would be tested using five isothermal sorption equation designs to obtain the Mean Relative Deviation (MRD) value. The lowest MRD value is 9.2 obtained from Hasley’s Isothermal equation design. All variables were then collected using the Labuza equation. The results of this study indicated that the estimation of shelf life of Bolu Cukke products in the parchment paper packaging at 30°C with 78% RH is approximately 7 days.
Characteristics of instant rice in several corn varieties
Authors: Layuk P , Salamba H , Lintang M , Karouw S , Abdullah N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The research aimed to process corn kernels into instant corn rice. Corn kernels are ground into grits then pre-gelatinized by churning for 25 minutes at a temperature of 85-93 0C with a ratio of grits and water (1: 4) then dried to become instant corn rice. The results showed that pre-gelatinization had an effect on yield and product characteristics such as bulk density, porosity, water absorption rate, dehydration and growth rate. The highest yield of instant corn rice was Manado Kuning at 89%. Cook time ranges from 7-10 minutes and the development rate is 110-130%. Types of varieties and duration of freezing affect the characteristics of instant corn rice. Freezing time increases bulk density, porosity, swelling rate and reduces rehydration ratio and water absorption rate. The best treatment was the Manado Kuning corn variety with a freezing time of 48 hours resulting in the highest bulk density, porosity and dehydration level where the bulk density met US standards for parboiled rice, which was between 0.40 to 0.42 g/ml.
Development and validation of spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid content of lyophilizate of the leaf of sweet potato leaf
Authors: Aliyah  , Aswad Muhammad , Hajrah  , Permana Andi Dian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the plants commonly used as traditional medicine, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-mutagenic and to increase platelet count. The benefits of sweet potato leaves have been reported as a result of the presence of antioxidant compounds and bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In this study, we validated the spectrophotometry method of total phenolic and flavonoid compound of lyophilizate of the leaves of sweet potato juices. The results showed that the coefficient correlation (r) values were 0.97389 for gallic acid standard and 0.99869 for quercetin standard; the recovery rates ranged from 105.08% to 109.92% for phenolic, and from 87.48% to 94.36% for flavonoids respectively; precision with relative standard deviation values ranged from 0.7% to 0.4% for phenolic, and from 0.9% to 0.5% for flavonoids respectively; and the detection limit (LOD) and the quantitation limit (LOQ) for phenolic were 0.0425 μg/mL and 0.128 μg/mL respectively while for flavonoids were 0.17 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL respectively. The method was successfully applied in the determination of phenolic and flavonoid contents of lyophilizate of sweet potato leaf juices with the average total phenolic content of 9.83mg GAE/g lyophilizate, while the average total flavonoid level was 5.11mg QE/g lyophilizate.
Analysis of land productivity based on soil fertility in cocoa plantation land in Campalagian district, Polewali Mandar Regency
Authors: Rafiqah A N , Rasyid B , Neswati R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Potential areas for developing certain commodities can be determined by using the index value of land productivity. This study aims to analyze the land productivity of Campalagian District based on soil fertility level for the development of cocoa plants. The quantitative research method uses the Storie equation in determining the value of the land productivity index. Determination of observation points based on purposive sampling method. Soil properties determined in the field and the laboratory, including slope, effective depth, texture, pH, C-Organic, N-Total, P2O5, CEC, and the number of interchangeable bases. The results of the analysis of the land productivity index of the Campalagian district are classified as bad to good, with land productivity index values ranging from 13.89 to 51.37, with limiting factors, namely slope, effective depth, texture, C-Organic, and N-Total.
Implication of types of feeds combined goat manure for preference black soldier fly (BSF) : Hermetia illucens L
Authors: Indri I , Sjam S , Gassa A , Dewi V S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomydae) called black soldier fly (BSF) has an important role in the degradation of organic waste or bioconversion activity. The current study compared some types of feeds to preference BSF to eggs laid and the implication of the number of larvae and the size of pupae produced, the percentage of larvae that became adults. Type of feeds is rice bran, mixture of fruits waste, agricultural waste, vegetable waste and household waste. The type of feeds mixed with goat mature. The study reports that Black Soldier Fly (BSF) produced the hightest number of egg colonies in household waste (6 colonies) then vegetable waste (5 colonies), bran (4.3 colonies), fruits waste (3.3 colonies) and the lowest on agricultural waste (1 coloni). The highest number of larvae was in bran (4783), then household waste (1942), vegetable waste (1511), fruits waste (983) and the lowest in agricultural waste (276). The longest pupa size is in fruits waste (2 cm), household waste (1.96 cm), vegetable waste 1,84 cm), bran (1.51 cm), and the lowest is in agricultural waste (1.46). the highest number of imago was in the bran (2266 heads), vegetable waste (396 heads), fruits waste (95 heads), agricultural waste (674.3 heads) and the lowest was in household waste (661.3 heads)
The effectivity trap based plastic waste in monitoring of insects pests
Authors: Aminah Sri Nur , Mansur  , Salim  , Suyono  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The plastic waste around us such as: plastic bottle and glass from drinking water very useful modified as tools for monitoring insect pests in agricultural ecosystem. The presence of insect pest in farmer plantation need more attention such as monitoring for exactly management effort. The purpose of research is to re-use plastic waste became yellow trap and pitfall trap for monitoring of insect pests attack the popular vegetables. The advantages of research as new information for community used plastic waste as tools of monitoring insects. The observation was held in kangkong and spinach plantation used pit-fall trap and yellow trap for monitoring presence arthropods in the planting season. The results was showed: the effectivity of pit-fall trap from plastic waste used for arthropods monitoring especially predator in kangkong field about 45% and insect pests 37.5%. As the comparing data, the effectivity of pit-fall trapped predator in spinach plantation about 99.2%, the lowest number in insect pests and decomposer about 0.4%, respectively. The result of yellow trap made from plastic bottle in kangkong field trapped insect pests about 43.7% and decomposer 41.1%. The trapped of insect pests used yellow trap in spinach plantation 63.4% and predator 26.6%. The conclusion of research: plastic giving more benefit as yellow and pit-fall trap for monitoring insects. The effectivities of tools depend on arthropods habit and roles as important part of ecosystem. Plastic waste has potential as monitoring tools presence insects in agroecosystem.
Dynamics of tungro disease and its vector population on intercropping of rice varieties
Authors: Apriyani R , Rosmana A , Patandjengi B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tungro is one of the major diseases has ability reduce the yield potential of rice. The disease was caused by rice tungro baciliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Both of virus only transmitted by green leafhoppers, Nephotettix virescens in a semi-persistent manner. The research purpose is to control tungro disease and its vectors as well as the diversity of natural enemies by applying the intercropping method of several rice plant varieties. The optimum of disease incidence in 11 weeks observation on the variety of Ciherang, Inpari 32, Inpari 36, and IR 64 planted in intercropping was 7.8%, 7.3%, 3,8%, and 6.3%. Whereas, the incidence on these respective variety planted in monoculture was 9.8%, 8,8%, 4.3%, and 8.5%. Then, the optimum of N. virescens population per clump on rice variety with intercropping in the same time of observation was 4.8, 2.3, 1.5, and 4, and on variety with monoculture was 6.5, 4.5, 3.3, and 4,5, respectively. Moreover, the population of insect predators tended to be higher on variety with intercropping than on rice variety with monoculture. These data indicated that rice planted with variety intercropping was related to the reduction of tungro incidence and its vector and also the increase of insect predators. Therefore, the intercropping of variety could used as one of control method against rice pests and diseases.
Farmer’s decision determining factors in harvest technology selection in rice farming
Authors: Zahara  , Slameto  , Novitasari Erliana , Asropi  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Development of modern agricultural sector requires agricultural tools and machinery. Agricultural equipment and machinery technology is considered capable of increasing agricultural production and efficiency of time and labor. Furthermore, farmers’ decision on agricultural mechanization usage is influenced by internal and external factors. The recent study aims to determine the influencing factors toward farmer’s decision in harvest technology selection in rice farming. The research was conducted in Seputih Raman District, Central Lampung Regency in September – October 2016. The farmer’s decision determining factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression. As a result, the determining factors were the ease of operating rice harvester machines and land ownership status by farmers. However, new technology requirements are easy to adopt, one of which is the ease of testing. Therefore, technically harvester machine assembling is not complicated and easy to operate.
Algorithm of estimation suspended sediments concentration in Bili-Bili Reservoir
Authors: Faridah Sitti Nur , Achmad Mahmud , Samsuar  , Tantu Fatimah R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Bili-Bili Reservoir is located in the middle of the Jeneberang watershed in South Sulawesi Province, which was built for flood control, irrigation, raw water supply, and hydroelectric power plants. However, in the latest development, there has been a decline in utilization of the reservoir service function due to changes in the catchment area condition because of sediment. Estimation of sediment concentration in the Bili-bili reservoir was analyzed using spectrometer data. Estimation of Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) using a spectrometer by reflectance testing of the ratio between bands with various regression equations. Algorithm estimation of TSS concentration based on spectrometer measurements provides a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.800 and an RMS error of 0.088, with a 3rd order polynomial equation for the green/red bands ratio: y = 62.667x3 – 154.328x2 + 121.27x – 29.902.