bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Aid and Entrepreneurship During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the European Union Countries
Authors: Jabłońska Małgorzata , Stawska Joanna , Dziuba Radosław , Tekce Mahmut , Krasoń Marta 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic made it necessary to involve the state in the process of rescuing numerous business entities from bankruptcy. In the European Union, the aid measure for entrepreneurs takes a form of public aid, which, as it turns out, is the necessary and the only tool to protect SME sector enterprises against bankruptcy. Social isolation caused by the virus that spread on a large scale effectively inhibited the development of entrepreneurship, which is inherently related to the economic development of countries. The aim of the article is therefore to indicate that supporting entrepreneurs within the framework of public aid may help to reverse the unfavorable economic trends related to the disturbed development of entrepreneurship.
Methodology: The article analyzes and assesses the government solutions introduced to the Polish economic reality, the purpose of which is to counteract the effects of Covid-19. The paper presents the current public aid tools available to entrepreneurs along with their financial dimension.
Results of the research: State aid granted by the state to entrepreneurs during the crisis caused by Covid-19 is indispensable for their further functioning. The paper presents aid instruments related to COVID-19 that are available to entrepreneurs. The analysis shows that public aid addressed to entrepreneurs injured as a result of the lockdown comes from many sources and is almost tailored to the individual entrepreneur. The entities providing aid on the basis of state aid include: banks, local government units, executive bodies of local government units, Social Insurance Fund, State Fund for Rehabilitation of Disabled People, financial intermediaries, bodies constituting local government units, the European Investment Bank, Polish Development Fund, district and voivodeship labor offices and BGK (Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego). Having prepared a package of systemic solutions, the government introduced them systematically, depending on the situation of individual sectors of the economy. Special solutions in the form of financial shields were addressed directly to the tourism sector (e.g. loans for tour operators) or the catering sector, which in the face of the pandemic were most exposed to a decrease in revenues. The impact of introduced solutions on the country’s economy can be assessed only in the next few years, but the multitude and diversified nature of the anti-crisis solutions introduced in Poland will certainly contribute to slowing down the negative consequences of Covid-19 in the economy.
Wiarygodność informacyjna banku – perspektywa seniora korzystającego z usług na rynku bankowym
Authors: Szustak Grażyna , Szewczyk Łukasz 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The aim of the article is to present the essence of a bank's information reliability and its assessment by a selected group of stakeholders, which are seniors. The conducted study allowed for the positive verification of the following research hypothesis: the bank's information reliability is an important factor that influences the bank's assessment by seniors.
Methodology: The text has been divided into three parts. Two of them are theoretical and the authors focused here on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject. The first one describes the problem of trust in banks and public guarantees as factors influencing the shape of the sector. The second part focuses on presenting important issues related to the broadly understood information in the bank–client relationship. In the empirical part of the article, a questionnaire study was conducted in which the information reliability was assessed from the perspective of seniors using banking services.
Results of the research: The research showed that 75% of the respondents had in practice encountered a situation in which the bank provided incomplete or false information. Two-thirds of the respondents also emphasized that information credibility is an important element of building trust in a bank. On the other hand, less than half of them indicated that the bank's information message was legible. Keywords: public trust, public guarantees, information reliability, banking sector, senior on the banking services market.
‘Dress Code’ Controversy: A Victim of Misogynistic Mindset or Something Else ?
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rituparna 
Published: September 2021

In the middle of September 2021, a female candidate wearing ‘shorts’ (the so-called ‘half pant’), hailing from Biswanath Chariali, went to Tezpur to appear at an entrance test of Assam Agricultural University (AAU) at Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (GIPS), one of the agencies of AAU. While the gatekeeper of GIPS gave her access, the invigilator on duty at the examination hall raised eyebrows on her ‘dress code’ but allowed her to sit in the examination, coercing her to drape a curtain to cover her legs. Doing so, the invigilator not only trespassed into her personal space— her body; humiliated her by lowering her dignity. This perspective is an attempt to revisit the debate of the dress code of Indian women, which refuses to die even in 21st Century India.
VIOLÊNCIA INTRAFAMILIAR: CONHECIMENTO E CONDUTA DOS CIRURGIÕES-DENTISTAS DE CAICÓ (RN).
Authors: Pinheiro Pereira Francisca Janiele , Da Silva Matheus Lopes , Guedes Emiliano Gustavo Barbalho , Bezerra de Oliveira Moura Jamile Marinho , Da Veiga Pessoa Daniela Mendes 
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A violência intrafamiliar é amplamente identificada como negligência e abuso de crianças e adolescentes; violência doméstica contra mulheres, maus-tratos de idosos e de pessoas portadoras de deficiência. É dever ético-legal dos cirurgiões-dentistas realizarem a notificação compulsória frente a esses casos. Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e a conduta dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre a violência intrafamiliar no município de Caicó-RN, Brasil. Material e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, e com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 66 cirurgiões-dentistas do município de Caicó-RN. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através da aplicação do questionário adaptado já validado por Mythri (2015). A análise dos dados se deu por estatística descritiva. Resultados: 53% (n=35) dos cirurgiões-dentistas afirmaram ter atendido vítimas de violência intrafamiliar. Dentre os quais, apenas 37,9% questionaram aos seus pacientes sobre os motivos da violência. A conduta do cirurgião-dentista mais citada frente à casos de violência, foi aconselhamento. Pode-se apontar que 87,9% dos profissionais afirmaram conhecer os sinais, sintomas e lesões orofaciais decorrentes da violência intrafamiliar e o mais relatado foi o hematoma. Os profissionais demonstraram ser cientes da localização anatômica das agressões da violência intrafamiliar na região de atuação do profissional da Odontologia. Conclusão: Os cirurgiões-dentistas possuem conhecimento satisfatório no que diz respeito ao reconhecimento dos sinaise sintomas decorrentes das lesões orofaciais causadas pela violência intrafamiliar. Porém, no que se referem a como proceder diante dos casos, as suas condutas se mostram insuficientes e contraditórias.
Integrative Molecular and Clinical Profiling of Acral Melanoma Identifies LZTR1 as a Key Tumor Promoter and Therapeutic Target
Authors: Halaban Ruth , Newman Aaron , Farshidfar Farshad , Peng Cong , Levovitz Chaya , Knight James , Bacchiocchi Antonella , Su Juan , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Yin Mingzhu , Sznol Mario , Ariyan Stephan , Clune James , Olino Kelly , Parida Laxmi , Nikolaus Joerg , Zhang Meiling , Zhao Shuang , Wang Yan , Huang Gang , Wan Miaojian , Li Xianan , Cao Jian , Yan Qin , Chen Xiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acral melanoma, the most common melanoma subtype among non-Caucasian individuals, is associated with poor prognosis. However, its key molecular drivers remain obscure. Here, we performed integrative genomic and clinical profiling of acral melanomas from a cohort of 104 patients treated in North America or China. We found that recurrent, late-arising amplifications of cytoband chr22q11.21 are a leading determinant of inferior survival, strongly associated with metastasis, and linked to downregulation of immunomodulatory genes associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade. Unexpectedly, LZTR1 – a known tumor suppressor in other cancers – is a key candidate oncogene in this cytoband. Silencing of LZTR1 in melanoma cell lines caused apoptotic cell death independent of major hotspot mutations or melanoma subtypes. Conversely, overexpression of LZTR1 in normal human melanocytes initiated processes associated with metastasis, including anchorage-independent growth, formation of spheroids, and increased levels of MAPK and SRC activities. Our results provide new insights into the etiology of acral melanoma and implicate LZTR1 as a key tumor promoter and therapeutic target
Applicability and Improvement of Different Evapotranspiration Methods of Reference Crops in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Lu Xianghui , Zhang Haina , Han Yixiu , Bai Hua , Li Erhui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To achieve accurate evaluation of evapotranspiration of reference crops (ET0) in Jiangxi, China in the absence of systematic climatological data, with reference to the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation, the Pristley-Taylor (P-T) method, the Makkink method, the Hargreaves-Samani (H-S) method, the Irmak-Allen (I-A) method, the Penman1948 (48PM) method, the Penman-Van Bavel (PVB) method, the Baier-Robertson (B-R) method, the improved Baier-Robertson (M-B-R) method, the Schendel (Sch) method, the Turc method, the Jensen-Haise (J-H) method, and the Brutsaert-Stricker (B-S) method were used to evaluate the daily climatological data collected by 26 weather stations in Jiangxi, China and 17 weather stations in adjacent provinces. The results were compared with each other and parameter rate determination was conducted. The results indicated that the Turc method exhibited optimized applicability before parameter rate determination and the average root mean square error (RMSE) and the average normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) by this method were 0.39 mm/d and 0.157 mm, respectively. However, parameter rate determination led to negligible improvement in accuracy for this method. The Turc method could be directly applied in Jiangxi (except Nanchang). For special distribution of error after parameter rate determination, all methods exhibited significant errors in Northern Jiangxi. Herein, the 48PM method and the B-S method showed good applicability after parameter rate determination and RMSE and NRMSE of data by these methods ranged in 0.06 ~ 0.34 mm/d and 0.08 ~ 0.27, 8 ~ 27% respectively, and their d-indices were close to 1. The annual over-estimations in weather stations in Jiangxi were below 30 mm. In the absence of data about relative humidity and wind speed, the P-T method was an appropriate simplified method for Jiangxi. In this case, α was slightly lower than the default value (1.05 ~ 1.18), RMSE was within 0.21 ~ 0.66 mm/d, and NRMSE was within 0.08 ~ 0.308 ~ 30%. Accuracy of RMSE, d-index, and NRMSE of data by the P-T method, the I-A method, and the PVB method were consistent with all stations, while that by the Mak method was slightly lower, which could be attributed to severe over-estimation in July and August. RMSE of the H-S method, the B-R method, the M-B-R method, the J-H method, and the Sch method were above 0.75 mm/d and these methods were not suitable for accurate evaluation of ET0 in Jiangxi, China. The annual ET0 was calculated by various methods (except the 48PM method and the B-S method) exhibited significant variation around 2003. This may be attributed to significant changes in certain meteorological factors over recent years.
Universality in Decaying Turbulence at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Kuechler Christian , Bewley Gergory , Bodenschatz Eberhard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the limit of very large Reynolds numbers for homogeneous isotropic turbulence of an incompressible fluid, the statistics of the velocity differences between two points in space are expected to approach universal power laws at scales smaller than those at which energy is injected. Even at the highest Reynolds numbers available in laboratory and natural flows such universal power laws have remained elusive. On the other hand, power laws have been observed empirically in derived quantities, namely in the relative scaling in statistics of different orders according to the Extended Self Similarity hypothesis. Here we present experimental results from the Max Planck Variable Density Turbulence Tunnel over an unprecedented range of Reynolds numbers. We find that the velocity difference statistics take a universal functional form that is distinct from a power law. By applying a self-similar model derived for decaying turbulence to our data, an effective scaling exponent for the second moment can be derived that agrees well with that obtained from Extended Self Similarity.
Observed Evidences of Frequency-Dependent Site Amplification Due to Structural Control of Active Reverse Faults at Different Localities in Japan
Authors: Thabet Mostafa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Observed active fault zone related site amplification is calculated based on Fourier acceleration spectrum (FAS) at three different localities in Japan. The FASs are calculated using 26432 earthquakes recorded at 126 K-NET and KiK-net seismic stations, which are distributed on the fault zones, upthrown and downthrown sides. This observed amplification is strongly frequency-dependent because of the presence of the near-surface low-velocity flower fault structure and the deeper fault zone. Moreover, the amplification patterns at each study area are tectonic-specific patterns. Sources inside the active fault zones could produce amplification at high frequencies at stations on both fault zone and far away from the fault zone, because of the impact of the near-surface fault zone. Sources outside the active fault zones yield remarkable high amplification at low frequencies exhibiting a gradual increase through stations on hanging walls, fault zones, and footwalls. Interestingly, the peaks of the low-frequency amplification are corresponding to wavelengths that approximately equalize the width of the fault zone. The presence of fault zone low-velocity layers could be successfully detected by the diffuse field theory inversion.
The Role of HOX Genes as Potential Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martinou Eirini , Falgari Giulia , Angelidi Angeliki , Bagwan Izhar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is worldwide the third leading cause of cancer-related death, and despite therapeutic advances, survival remains low. Emerging evidence shows that Homeobox (HOX) genes are important in carcinogenesis, and their dysregulation has been linked with metastatic potential and poor prognosis. This systematic review aims to present the current evidence on the role of HOX genes as biomarkers in CRC and the impact of their modulation in tumour growth and progression. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Eligible studies investigated two research questions: a) the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of HOX gene dysregulation in patients with CRC and b) the functional role of HOX genes in CRC progression. This study was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42020190953. Results: Twenty-five studies enrolling 3003 patients with stage I-IV CRC, showed that 26 out of 39 HOX genes were dysregulated in cancerous versus normal colon. Aberrant expression of HOX proteins was significantly related to tumour depth, nodal invasion, distant metastases, advanced stage and poor prognosis. Twenty-two preclinical studies showed that HOX proteins are crucially related to tumour growth and metastatic potential by affecting cell proliferation and altering the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulators. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings suggest that HOX proteins play vital roles in CRC progression and significantly affect survival. Further research, though, is required to elucidate their potential role as biomarkers in CRC.
Lessons Learned by Medical Students about Systems-Based Practice as Patients Transition their Care
Authors: Pey Eduard , Sierra Diego , Katz Sydney , Greisman Laura , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Stine Shelene , Esqu Ernie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: One in five patients suffer an adverse event within two weeks of discharge as they transition from one healthcare setting to another. Systems-based practice is a core competency of physicians and seeks to minimize these events; however, education of trainees is inconsistent. We asked whether structured post-discharge phone calls and reflections on barriers to discharge and practice improvement can enhance students’ understanding of systems-based practice. Method: Medical students in the Internal Medicine Clerkship were assigned to perform a structured post-discharge phone call on hospitalized patients as part of a “Transitions of Care” assignment. Students reflected on issues occurring at the transition from hospitalization to discharge. We performed qualitative analysis of 90 medical student responses and identified themes and sub-themes addressing issues with care transitions. Results: Students consistently identified barriers to safe discharge including issues scheduling follow-up care, poor care coordination, and inadequate social support. The post-discharge phone calls revealed problems with patients’ understanding of their discharge diagnosis, medication-related issues and patients’ failure to attend scheduled follow-up. Common student-proposed practice improvement interventions included: enhanced provider-patient communication and education, improved interdisciplinary collaboration and care coordination, and greater attention to patient’s psychosocial and financial status. Conclusions: Medical students learned about systems-based practice from a transitions of care assignment involving a post-discharge phone call, identifying critical events in over half of patients identified. Self-reflective practice within the context of direct patient care offers insights into practice improvement in care transitions.
A Novel Algorithm-Driven Hybrid Simulation Learning Method to Improve Acquisition of Endotracheal Intubation Skills: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Mankute Aida , Juozapaviciene Laima , Stucinskas Justinas , Dambrauskas Zilvinas , Dobozinskas Paulius , Sinz Elizabeth , Rodgers David , Giedraitis Mantas , Vaitkaitis Dinas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Simulation-based training is a clinical skill learning method that can replicate real-life situations in an interactive manner. In our study, we compared a novel hybrid learning method with conventional simulation learning in the teaching of endotracheal intubation.Methods: One hundred medical students and residents were randomly divided into two groups and were taught endotracheal intubation. The first group of subjects (control group) studied in the conventional way via lectures and classic simulation-based training sessions. The second group (experimental group) used the hybrid learning method where the teaching process consisted of distance learning and small group peer-to-peer simulation training sessions with remote supervision by the instructors. After the teaching process, endotracheal intubation (ETI) procedures were performed on real patients under the supervision of an anesthesiologist in an operating theater. Each step of the procedure was evaluated by a standardized assessment form (checklist) for both groups.Results: Thirty-four subjects constituted the control group and 43 were in the experimental group. The hybrid group (88%) showed significantly better ETI performance in the operating theater compared with the control group (52%). Further, all hybrid group subjects (100%) followed the correct sequence of actions, while in the control group only 32% followed proper sequencing.Conclusions: We conclude that our novel algorithm-driven hybrid simulation learning method improves acquisition of endotracheal intubation with a high degree of acceptability and satisfaction by the learners’ as compared with classic simulation-based training.
Co-Pyrolysis of Neem Wood Bark and Low-Density Polyethylene: Lnfluence of Plastic on Pyrolysis Product Distribution and Bio-Oil Characterization
Authors: Kaushik Venkatachalam Selvaraj , Dhanalakshmi Chandrasekaran Sowmya , Madhu Petchimuthu , Tamilselvam Palanisamy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, the investigation on effect of plastic during co-pyrolysis with biomass has been carried out in a fixed reactor. Pyrolysis of neem wood bark (NB), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and their blends at different ratios is performed in order to evaluate the product distribution. The effects of reaction temperature, NB-to-LDPE blend ratio on product distribution and chemical compositions of bio-oil are examined. The co-pyrolysis of NB and LDPE increased the yield and quality of the bio-oil. The experiments are conducted under different LDPE addition percentage such as 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%. Under the optimum experimental condition of 60% addition of LDPE and temperature of 450°C, the maximum yield of bio-oil (64.8 wt%) and hydrocarbon (75.2%) are achieved with the lowest yield of oxygenated compounds. The calorific value of the co-pyrolytic oil is found to be higher than that of NB pyrolytic oil. The relation between NB and LDPE during co-pyrolysis has been validated by GC–MS analysis, which shows in decrease of oxygenated compounds.