bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of Ara h 2 for detecting peanut allergy in children
Authors: Kansen Hannah M. , van Erp Francine C. , Meijer Yolanda , Gorissen Dianne M.W. , Stadermann Marike , van Velzen Maartje F. , Keusters Willem R. , Frederix Geert W.J. , Knulst André C. , van der Cornelis K. , Le Thuy‐My 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpecific IgE to Ara h 2 is a diagnostic test for peanut allergy which may reduce the need for double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenges (DBPCFC); however, guidance for using Ara h 2 in place of DBPCFCs has not been validated.ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate 1) diagnostic accuracy of previously published Ara h 2 cut‐off levels to diagnose peanut allergy in children and 2) costs.MethodsA consecutive series of 150 children age 3.5 to 18 years was evaluated in secondary and tertiary settings in the Netherlands. sIgE to Ara h 2 was the index test, and oral peanut ingestion was the reference test. Oral peanut ingestion was home or supervised introduction for Ara h 2 ≤ 0.1, DBPCFC for 0.1–5.0 and open food challenge for ≥5.0. Costs were calculated using financial healthcare data.ResultsA conclusive reference test was performed in 113 children (75%). Sixty‐four children (57%) had peanut allergy, as confirmed by a DBPCFC (27/47) or an open challenge (37/50). Forty‐nine children (43%) were considered peanut‐tolerant after peanut introduction (19/19), a DBPCFC (20/47) or an open challenge (10/50). Area under the curve for Ara h 2 was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.98). The diagnostic flow chart correctly classified 26/26 (100%; 84–100) of children with Ara h 2 ≤ 0.1 as peanut‐tolerant and 34/35 (97%; 83–100) of children with Ara h 2 ≥ 5.0 as peanut‐allergic. At a cut‐off of ≤0.1 and ≥5.0, a sensitivity of respectively 100% (93–100) and 53% (38–67) was observed and a specificity of 53% (38–67) and 98% (87–100). Mean annual costs of the flow chart were estimated as €320‐€636 per patient lower than following national allergy guidelines.ConclusionsIn this diagnostic accuracy study, which did not take into account pretest probability, we have validated previously published Ara h 2 cut‐off levels which are associated with peanut tolerance and allergy.
Caecal diverticulitis can be misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Uhe Isabelle , Meyer Jeremy , Viviano Manuela , Naiken Surrennaidoo , Toso Christian , Ris Frédéric , Buchs Nicolas C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimCaecal diverticulitis (CD) is an uncommon condition which can be misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis due to similar clinical presentations. Further, its management varies among medical centres. The aim of this study was to review cases of patients with CD, to identify the factors differentiating CD from acute appendicitis and to provide a summary of existing diagnostic methods and therapeutic alternatives regarding its management.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the AMSTAR2 checklist. We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception until 1 October 2018 for original publications reporting cases of CD.ResultsOut of the 560 identified studies, 146 publications (988 patients) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most frequent symptoms of CD were right iliac fossa pain (93.2%), nausea and/or vomiting (35.4%) and fever (26.9%). A total of 443 patients (44.8%) underwent radiological imaging, which reported CD in 225 patients (22.8%). For the other patients, the diagnosis was obtained by surgical exploration (73.9%). Among patients diagnosed with CD by imaging, 67 (29.8%) underwent surgery and 158 (70.2%) were treated conservatively. Among patients who underwent surgical exploration, treatment consisted most frequently of right hemi‐colectomy (33%), appendectomy (18.8%) and diverticulectomy with appendectomy (16.3%).ConclusionCD can be misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis, therefore resulting in unnecessary surgical exploration. The review of the literature starting from 1930 highlights the critical role of medical imaging in supporting the clinician to diagnose this condition and administer adequate treatment.
Cytological diagnosis of microfilariae in clinically unsuspected cases: A retrospective review of 12 cases
Authors: Gupta Deepika , Gupta Prajwala , Jain Swasti , Rahar Seema 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFilariasis is a major health problem in India. Despite the high prevalence, microfilariae are rarely found in cytology smears. Most of the cases are incidentally found, solely or in association with other pathologies.Aims and ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to analyse the prevalence and cytological findings of cases of incidentally found microfilariae in cytology smears (fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC]/exfoliative cytology) from different parts of the body.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study over 3 years, in which cases of microfilariae in aspirates from swelling of different locations, body fluids, and pap smears were reviewed, and the clinicopathological data analysed.Results and AnalysisOut of 11 530 cases of FNAC, 8700 cases of fluid cytology, and 9000 of conventional cervicovaginal smears, 12 cases (0.04%) of incidental findings of microfilariae were documented in cytology smears. The cases were diagnosed from lymph node (one case), hand (one case), scrotal area (one case), axilla (one case), breast (one case), subcutaneous tissue (three cases), urine (three cases), and Pap smear (one case). We found eosinophilia in one case (8.3%) of filarial lesions. We found two cases of incidental findings of microfilariae in association with malignant lesions.ConclusionCytology smear examination can play an important role in diagnosing occult filariasis in clinically unsuspected cases in association with other pathologies.
Utility of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology during rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) of salivary gland aspirates
Authors: Kakkar Aanchal , Kumar Mukin , Subramanian Priyadarsani , Zubair Arshad , Kumar Rajeev , Thakar Alok , Jain Deepali , Mathur Sandeep R. , Iyer Venkateswaran K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveRapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) is a fine needle aspiration (FNA) technique for ensuring sampling adequacy and triaging samples. The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) is a standardised reporting system which aims to improve risk stratification. There is scant literature on the diagnostic value and agreement of MSRSGC on ROSE with final cytological diagnosis in salivary gland FNAs. We aimed to assess the concordance of MSRSCG categorisation and diagnosis on ROSE with final cytological and histological diagnosis.MethodsThis prospective study included consecutive salivary gland FNAs for which ROSE was performed over a six‐month period. MSRSGC category and diagnosis on ROSE were compared with the final cytological diagnosis and MSRSGC category, and histopathological diagnosis, where available.ResultsSixty salivary gland aspirates were included. The adequacy rate with ROSE was 100%. Using the MSRSGC classification during ROSE, 26 (43.2%) samples were categorised as benign neoplasm, 21 (35%) as malignant neoplasm, 9 (15%) as non‐neoplastic, and one each (1.7%) belonged to the remaining four categories. MSRSGC categorisation on ROSE concurred with final the cytological diagnosis in 58/60 cases (96.7%). Discrepancies in MSRSGC categories on ROSE included one atypia of undetermined significance with final report as non‐neoplastic, and one non‐diagnostic as suspicious for malignancy. Good correlation of MSRSGC categories on ROSE with final histopathological diagnosis (88.9% concordance) was also noted.ConclusionsMSRSGC on ROSE shows good concordance with final cytology and histopathology diagnosis, indicating that categorisation according to MSRSGC has utility in ensuring that adequate material is obtained and triaged appropriately for the diagnosis of salivary gland aspirates.
Bortezomib‐based therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation: Czech Registry Data
Authors: Sandecká Viera , Pour Luděk , Špička Ivan , Minařík Jiří , Radocha Jakub , Jelínek Tomáš , Heindorfer Adriana , Pavlíček Petr , Sýkora Michal , Jungová Alexandra , Kessler Petr , Wróbel Marek , Starostka David , Ullrychová Jana , Stejskal Lukáš , Štork Martin , Straub Jan , Pika Tomáš , Brožová Lucie , Ševčíková Sabina , Maisnar Vladimír , Hájek Roman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study compared the use of bortezomib in different combination regimens in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients who were transplant ineligible.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed data from the Registry of Monoclonal Gammopathies (RMG) of the Czech Myeloma Group (CMG) to provide real‐world evidence of outcome for 794 newly diagnosed MM transplant ineligible patients. The most frequently used regimen was VCd (bortezomib‐cyclophosphamide‐dexamethasone) (47.5%) over VMP (bortezomib‐melphalan‐prednisone) (21.7%), BDd (bortezomib‐doxorubicin‐dexamethasone) (9.8%), and VTd (bortezomib‐thalidomide‐dexamethasone) (2.9%).ResultsThe overall response rate (ORR) was 69.2% (478/691), including 12.6% (≥ CR); 34.7% very good partial responses (VGPR); and 21.9% partial responses (PR). Among triplet regimens, VMP was the most effective regimen compared to VCd, BDd, and VTd. Median PFS was 22.3 vs. 18.5 vs. 13.7 vs. 13.8 mo, (P = .275), respectively, and median OS was 49 vs. 41.7 vs. 37.9 vs. 32.2 mo (P = .004), respectively. The most common grade 3‐4 toxicities were anemia in 17.4% and infections in 18% of patients.ConclusionOur study confirmed that bortezomib‐based treatment is effective and safe in NDMM transplant ineligible patients, especially VMP, which was identified as superior between bortezomib‐based induction regimens not only in clinical trials, but also in real clinical practice.
Demystifying individual heterogeneity
Authors: Forsythe Amy B. , Day Troy , Nelson William A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong‐individual variation in vital rates, such as mortality and birth rates, exists in nearly all populations. Recent studies suggest that this individual heterogeneity produces substantial life‐history and fitness differences among individuals, which in turn scale up to influence population dynamics. However, our ability to understand the consequences of individual heterogeneity is limited by inconsistencies across conceptual frameworks in the field. Studies of individual heterogeneity remain filled with contradicting and ambiguous terminology that introduces risks of misunderstandings, conflicting models and unreliable conclusions. Here, we synthesise the existing literature into a single and comparatively straightforward framework with explicit terminology and definitions. This work introduces a distinction between potential vital rates and realised vital rates to develop a coherent framework that maps directly onto mathematical models of individual heterogeneity. We suggest the terms “fixed condition” and “dynamic condition” be used to distinguish potential vital rates that are permanent from those that can change throughout an individual's life. To illustrate, we connect the framework to quantitative genetics models and to common classes of statistical models used to infer individual heterogeneity. We also develop a population projection matrix model that provides an example of how our definitions are translated into precise quantitative terms.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity of freshwater fish assemblages in relationship to geographical and climatic determinants in North America
Authors: Qian Hong , Cao Yong , Chu Cindy , Li Daijiang , Sandel Brody , Wang Xianli , Jin Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimA full understanding of the origin and maintenance of β‐diversity patterns in a region requires understanding of: (1) the relationships of both taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity (TBD and PBD, respectively) and their respective turnover and nestedness components with geographical and environmental distances; (2) the relative importance of the turnover and nestedness components of β‐diversity; and (3) the relationships between PBD measures representing different evolutionary depths. Here, we investigate all these aspects of β‐diversity simultaneously for freshwater fishes in North America.LocationNorth America north of Mexico (hereafter, North America).TaxonFreshwater fishes.MethodsNorth America was divided into 360 watersheds. Using two sampling approaches (neighbourhood vs. pairwise), we quantified β‐diversity between fish assemblages using various metrics (representing total, turnover and nestedness components of TBD and PBD, and tip‐ vs. basal‐weighted PBD) and related them to geographical and climatic factors using correlation and regression analyses.ResultsGeographical patterns of total TBD and PBD and their components of turnover and nestedness for freshwater fish assemblages among neighbouring watersheds were highly congruent across North America. Geographical patterns of basal‐weighted PBD were generally opposite to those of tip‐weighted PBD. Metrics of β‐diversity were weakly associated with contemporary climatic variables. TBD and PBD were associated strongly to moderately with geographical distances and moderately with climatic distances. The relationships of metrics of β‐diversity to geographical distances were stronger than those to climatic distances in all cases.Main conclusionsGeographical and ecological patterns are highly congruent between taxonomic and tip‐weighted PBD, but those between tip‐ and basal‐weighted PBD are greatly different, suggesting that evolutionary histories have played an important role in shaping β‐diversity. Our study suggests that geographical distance between watersheds is more important than climate similarity in determining β‐diversity between freshwater fish assemblages.
Cultural barriers, institutional distance, and spatial spillovers: Evidence from regional industrial evolution in China
Authors: Mao Qiliang , Mao Xianzhuang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study empirically explores the formation of interregional cultural barriers that affect spatial spillovers within the framework of institutional distance based on evidence of regional industrial evolution in China. With dialect as the proxy of culture, this study finds that, first, regional cultural differences will hinder the spatial spillovers of industrial evolution, but the formation of cultural barriers is not only related to culture itself but also closely related to the formal institutional distance between regions. Second, when there is inter‐regional formal institutional distance, formal institutions are insufficient to shape the economic order, and cultural factors with the attributes of informal institutions will become an alternative arrangement to regulate inter‐regional interaction through trust and information mechanisms. The construction of mutual trust based on cultural affinity can reduce the uncertainty of inter‐regional interactions. However, this trust mechanism is regulated by formal institutions and will be significantly weakened with the reduction in formal institutional distance. In addition, information diffusion is easier in regions of cultural homogeneity. However, this information mechanism is often confined to a small social network, and it tends to be weaker as economic society becomes increasingly open and complex.
Collaborative updating of an organizational health literacy tool confirms medical librarians’ leadership roles
Authors: Grabeel Kelsey Leonard , Heidel R. Eric , Oelschlegel Sandy , Rudd Rima 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA librarian led task force at the University of Tennessee Medical Center sought to evaluate their medical centre's health literacy attributes utilizing a widely used tool. This research ultimately led to the update of the tool.ObjectivesTo discuss the evaluation of health literacy attributes of health care organizations and detail the process of updating the Health Literacy Environment of Hospitals and Health Centers (HLEHHC) tool.MethodsSubsequent to utilizing the HLEHHC, the task force was invited to assist in updating the tool. A collaborative was formed between the original author and task force. The collaborative performed an extensive literature review focused on emerging health literacy issues, reviewed each section and formulated changes.ResultsThe collaborative update process yielded an improved instrument for assessing the extent to which a health care organization accommodates low health literacy patients.DiscussionThrough editing, creating new questions and rearranging the format, the HLEHHC was improved and updated.ConclusionThe assessment conducted by the health literacy task force is helping shape changes in the organization. Medical librarians acted in leadership roles in the collaborative process of developing the new institutional assessment tool for health literacy (HLE2).
Food lifestyle patterns among contemporary food shoppers
Authors: Chen Lijun Angelia , House Lisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo obtain a comprehensive picture of current food lifestyle patterns, this study aims to identify consumer segments with a focus on health‐related considerations, and to profile segmented consumers based on demographic characteristics. As an adaptation of the food‐related lifestyle instrument, consumer segmentation indicators in this study capture four dimensions: ways of shopping; importance of quality aspect; healthy eating; and health practice. Nationwide data targeting U.S. food shoppers were collected from June 2016 to November 2019 (N = 20,827). Latent class analysis, a probabilistic model‐based segmentation approach, identified five distinct food lifestyle segments: passionately involved consumers (11%), nutrition‐focused consumers (30%), moderately involved consumers (17%), convenience‐oriented consumers (21%), and uninvolved consumers (21%). This pattern has differences as well as similarities with the one reflecting U.S. food shoppers in 2003 and those identified in Europe. In addition, these segments are made up of consumers with different demographic and regional characteristics. U.S. census regions, such as East South Central and West South Central, where there is a higher obesity prevalence, tend to have a larger portion of uninvolved consumers and a smaller portion of highly involved consumers (passionately involved and nutrition‐focused consumers). The resulting food lifestyle segments, consumer profiling, and regional comparisons provide insights into effective marketing communication and consumer education on healthy eating.
Efficacy of vibegron, a novel β3‐adrenoreceptor agonist, for lower urinary tract dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury
Authors: Shimizu Nobutaka , Gotoh Daisuke , Nishimoto Mitsuhisa , Hashimoto Mamoru , Saito Tetsuichi , Fujita Kazutoshi , Hirayama Akihide , Yoshimura Naoki , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of vibegron, a new clinically approved β3‐adrenoceptor agonist in lower urinary tract dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury.MethodsInvestigators performed cystometry under awake conditions in 4‐week spinal cord injury female mice. Two weeks after spinal cord injury, saline or vibegron (30 mg/kg) was orally administered for 2 weeks prior to the urodynamic study. Investigators removed L6‐S1 dorsal root ganglia from the saline‐ or vibegron‐treated spinal cord injury mice as well as from saline‐treated normal (spinal intact) mice to evaluate the levels of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1, activating transcription factor 3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase transcripts using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIn vibegron‐treated spinal cord injury mice, nonvoiding contractions during bladder filling, which were increased in spinal cord injury compared to spinal intact mice, were significantly decreased. Micturition pressure or voiding efficiency was not significantly increased in comparison to measurements in saline‐treated spinal cord injury mice. The expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1, activating transcription factor 3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA was increased in spinal cord injury mice compared to spinal intact mice, but significantly decreased after vibegron treatment.ConclusionsVibegron improves spinal cord injury‐induced detrusor overactivity in addition to significantly reducing C‐fiber afferent receptors such as transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1, and inflammatory cytokines/markers, such as activating transcription factor 3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, in spinal cord injury mice. Thus, vibegron might be effective in the treatment of storage lower urinary tract dysfunction induced by C‐fiber afferent activation after spinal cord injury.
THE IDENTITY OF THE SPECIES COMMONLY KNOWN IN AUSTRALIA AS NABIS CAPSIFORMIS GERMAR (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE)
Authors: Woodward T. E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is no evidence that Nabis capsiformis occurs in Australia or New Zealand. Tropiconabis nigrolineatus (Distant) is a common species in these countries and many other parts of the Pacific, where it has usually been misidentified as N. capsiformis. The literature most relevant to this situation is reviewed and the generic placement of these species is discussed. A key to the genera of Australian Nabidae is provided.
Preparing Li‐garnet electrodes with engineered structures by phase inversion and high shear compaction processes
Authors: Shen Fengyu , Jonson Robert A. , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Tucker Michael C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolid‐state lithium batteries are promising for safety and energy density compared with traditional lithium‐ion batteries. However, the large interfacial resistance between the electrode and electrolyte is a bottleneck to achieving high‐performance solid‐state batteries. Engineered electrode structures with a porous scaffold of the solid electrolyte material are promising to lower the interfacial resistance and provide a mechanical support for a thin solid electrolyte layer. In this work, two ceramic processing techniques are used to fabricate porous/dense bilayer architectures based on a Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Li‐garnet material. Finger‐like vertically aligned pores are created by the phase inversion (PI) process. A water bath presaturated with Li salt prevents Li loss during the PI solvent exchange step. Pore size and porosity can be optimized by adjusting the bath temperature. The high shear compaction process was used to prepare LLZO tapes with 40, 60, and 80 vol% poreformer. The porosity of the tapes after sintering is 39.5%, 58.4%, and 75.4%, respectively. Microtomography exhibits the porosity, pore shape, and pore distribution of the tapes. A typical cathode material LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC) is filled into the pores via vacuum infiltration, and a dense cathode layer is formed within the garnet scaffold.