bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic detection of peripheral stimuli in shooters and handball players: an event-related potential study
Authors: Petro Bela , Lénárt Ágota , Gaál Zsófia Anna , Kojouharova Petia , Kökény Tibor , Ökrös Csaba , Czigler István 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examined the practice-related sensitivity of automatic change detection. The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) component of event-related potentials was compared in handball players and in sport shooters. Whereas effective performance in handball requires processing of a wide visual field, effective performance in shooting requires concentration to a narrow field. Thus, we hypothesized larger sensitivity to peripheral stimuli violating the regularity of sequential stimulation in handball players. Participants performed a tracking task, while task-irrelevant checkerboard patterns (a frequent and an infrequent type) were presented in the lateral parts of the visual field. We analyzed the vMMN, a signature of automatic detection of violating sequential regularity, and sensory components (P1, N1, and P2). We obtained larger vMMN in the handball players’ group indicating larger sensitivity to peripheral stimuli. These results suggest the plasticity of the automatic visual processing, i.e., it can adapt to sport-specific demands, and this can be captured even in a short experimental session in the laboratory.
Biodegradation of lignin monomers and bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillic acid by Paraburkholderia aromaticivorans AR20-38 isolated from Alpine forest soil
Authors: Margesin Rosa , Volgger Georg , Wagner Andreas O. , Zhang Dechao , Poyntner Caroline 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lignin bio-valorization is an emerging field of applied biotechnology and has not yet been studied at low temperatures. Paraburkholderia aromaticivorans AR20-38 was examined for its potential to degrade six selected lignin monomers (syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid) from different upper funneling aromatic pathways. The strain degraded four of these compounds at 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C; syringic acid and vanillic acid were not utilized as sole carbon source. The degradation of 5 mM and 10 mM ferulic acid was accompanied by the stable accumulation of high amounts of the value-added product vanillic acid (85–89% molar yield; 760 and 1540 mg l−1, respectively) over the whole temperature range tested. The presence of essential genes required for reactions in the upper funneling pathways was confirmed in the genome. This is the first report on biodegradation of lignin monomers and the stable vanillic acid production at low and moderate temperatures by P. aromaticivorans.

Key points
• Paraburkholderia aromaticivorans AR20-38 successfully degrades four lignin monomers.
• Successful degradation study at low (10°C) and moderate temperatures (20–30°C).
• Biotechnological value: high yield of vanillic acid produced from ferulic acid.
Melanoma is associated with an increased risk of bullous pemphigoid: a large population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Hundt Jennifer E. , Ludwig Ralf J. , Amber Kyle T. , Bitan Dana Tzur , Cohen Arnon D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe association between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and melanoma is yet to be investigated. We aimed to assess assess the bidirectional association between BP and melanoma and to delineate the epidemiological features of patients with both diagnoses. A population-based cohort study was performed comparing BP patients (n = 3924) with age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 19,280) with regard to incident cases of melanoma. A case–control design was additionally adopted to estimate the risk of BP in individuals with a preexisting diagnosis of melanoma. The prevalence of preexisting melanoma was higher in patients with BP than in control subjects (1.5% vs. 1.0%, respectively; P = 0.004). A history of melanoma confers a 50% increase in the risk of subsequent BP (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.14–2.06). This risk was higher among males (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.09–2.54) and individuals older than 80 years (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.11–2.38), and persisted after adjustment for multiple putative confounders including PD-1/PDL-1 antagonists (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.14–2.06). Conversely, the risk of melanoma among patients with BP was slightly elevated, but did not reach the level of statistical significance (adjusted HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.73–1.74). Patients with a dual diagnosis of BP and melanoma were older at the onset of BP and had lower body mass index. A history of melanoma is associated with a 50% increase in the incidence of subsequent BP. Physicians managing patients with both conditions should be aware of this association. Further research is warranted to reveal the underlying mechanism of these findings.
Comparison of Multiple Diagnostic Tests to Measure Dynamic Hyperinflation in Patients with Severe Emphysema Treated with Endobronchial Coils
Authors: van Dijk Marlies , Hartman Jorine E. , Augustijn Sonja W. S. , ten Hacken Nick H. T. , Klooster Karin , Slebos Dirk-Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
For this study, we aimed to compare dynamic hyperinflation measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), a six-minute walking test (6-MWT), and a manually paced tachypnea test (MPT) in patients with severe emphysema who were treated with endobronchial coils. Additionally, we investigated whether dynamic hyperinflation changed after treatment with endobronchial coils.

Methods
Dynamic hyperinflation was measured with CPET, 6-MWT, and an MPT in 29 patients before and after coil treatment.

Results
There was no significant change in dynamic hyperinflation after treatment with coils. Comparison of CPET and MPT showed a strong association (rho 0.660, p < 0.001) and a moderate agreement (BA-plot, 202 ml difference in favor of MPT). There was only a moderate association of the 6-MWT with CPET (rho 0.361, p 0.024).

Conclusion
MPT can be a suitable alternative to CPET to measure dynamic hyperinflation in severe emphysema but may overestimate dynamic hyperinflation possibly due to a higher breathing frequency.
Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) as a natural host for Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharz, 1852) Weinland, 1858 x Schistosoma bovis Sonsino, 1876 introgressive hybrids
Authors: Savassi Boris A.E.S. , Dobigny Gauthier , Etougbétché Jonas R. , Avocegan Thalasse T. , Quinsou François T. , Gauthier Philippe , Ibikounlé Moudachirou , Moné Hélène , Mouahid Gabriel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCercarial emission of schistosomes is a determinant in the transmission to the definitive host and constitutes a good marker to identify which definitive host is responsible for transmission, mainly in introgressive hybridization situations. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that micro-mammals play a role inSchistosoma haematobium,S.bovis, and/orS.haematobiumxS.bovistransmission. Small mammal sampling was conducted in seven semi-lacustrine villages of southern Benin. Among the 62 animals trapped, 50 individuals were investigated forSchistosomaadults and eggs: 37Rattus rattus, 3Rattus norvegicus, 9Mastomys natalensis, and 1Crocidura olivieri.Schistosomaadults were found in fourR. rattusand twoM. natalensis, with a local prevalence reaching 80% and 50%, respectively.Two cercarial chronotypes were found fromBulinus globosusexperimentally infected with miracidia extracted from naturally infectedM. natalensis: a late diurnal and nocturnal chronotype, and an early diurnal, late diurnal, and nocturnal chronotype. The cytochrome C oxidase subunit I mtDNA gene of the collected schistosomes (adults, miracidia, and cercariae) belonged to theS.bovisclade. Eleven internal transcribed spacer rDNA profiles were found; four belonged toS.bovisand seven toS.haematobiumxS.bovis. These molecular results together with the observed multi-peak chronotypes addM. natalensisas a new host implicated inS.haematobiumxS.bovistransmission. We discuss the origin of the new chronotypes which have become more complex with the appearance of several peaks in a 24-h day. We also discuss how the new populations of offspring may optimize intra-host ecological niche, host spectrum, and transmission time period.
The role of stress coping strategies for life impairments in ADHD
Authors: Barra Steffen , Grub Andreas , Roesler Michael , Retz-Junginger Petra , Philipp Florence , Retz Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly accompanied by functional impairments within personal, professional, and social context as well as further psychological distress. The role of perceived stress has been examined in this regard, although little is known about the influence of stress coping strategies. We examined the dynamics between ADHD symptomatology, stress coping strategies, and life impairments in a sample of 230 clinical and non-clinical adult individuals. ADHD was associated with low probability of choosing adaptive but high probability of implementing maladaptive stress coping strategies as well as with increased life impairments. Adaptive stress coping showed little effects beyond the associations between ADHD and life impairments, whereas some maladaptive coping strategies increased current life impairments over and above the effects of ADHD and further psychological distress. The present findings emphasize the need of professional support in adults with ADHD and the necessity to include stress coping strategies in respective treatment approaches aimed at reducing life impairments.
Short time to blood culture positivity in Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis
Authors: Oldberg Karl , Thorén Rebecca , Nilson Bo , Gilje Patrik , Inghammar Malin , Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTime to blood culture positivity (TTP) is an indirect measure of bacterial concentration in blood. A short TTP has been linked to the presence of infective endocarditis (IE) and to poor prognosis in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We analyze factors influencing TTP in bacteremia with Enterococcus faecalis. This retrospective observational study of medical records included adults diagnosed with monomicrobial E. faecalis bacteremia between 2015 and 2018 in the Skåne region (Sweden). For each episode, the shortest TTP was recorded. Median TTP was compared between patients grouped based on age, sex, comorbidity, site of acquisition, and focus of infection. Using a dichotomized TTP (shorter or longer than 12 h), a multivariable logistic regression for factors associated to TTP was performed. The association between TTP and IE or mortality was evaluated. Three hundred sixty-seven episodes with monomicrobial E. faecalis bacteremia with the corresponding TTP were identified. Median TTP for the entire cohort was 11.6 (IQR 9.9–14.1) h and a significantly shorter TTP was noted for episodes which represented IE (n = 55, 9.4 (IQR 6.4–10.6) h). Only IE remained associated with a short TTP (≤ 12 h) in binary logistic regression analysis. Factors associated with IE were investigated and TTP was associated with IE also when adjusted for age, gender, comorbidity, and nosocomial acquisition. There was no association between TTP and mortality. A low TTP is associated with IE in E. faecalis bacteremia and could be used as a help in determining the need for echocardiography in patients with this condition.
Bandwidth correction of Swarm GPS carrier phase observations for improved orbit and gravity field determination
Authors: Schreiter Lucas , Montenbruck Oliver , Zangerl Franz , Siemes Christian , Arnold Daniel , Jäggi Adrian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGravity fields derived from GPS tracking of the three Swarm satellites have shown artifacts near the geomagnetic equator, where the carrier phase tracking on the L2 frequency is unable to follow rapid ionospheric path delay changes due to a limited tracking loop bandwidth of only 0.25 Hz in the early years of the mission. Based on the knowledge of the loop filter design, an analytical approach is developed to recover the original L2 signal from the observed carrier phase through inversion of the loop transfer function. Precise orbit determination and gravity field solutions are used to assess the quality of the correction. We show that the a posteriori RMS of the ionosphere-free GPS phase observations for a reduced-dynamic orbit determination can be reduced from 3 to 2 mm while keeping up to 7% more data in the outlier screening compared to uncorrected observations. We also show that artifacts in the kinematic orbit and gravity field solution near the geomagnetic equator can be substantially reduced. The analytical correction is able to mitigate the equatorial artifacts. However, the analytical correction is not as successful compared to the down-weighting of problematic GPS data used in earlier studies. In contrast to the weighting approaches, up to 9–10% more kinematic positions can be retained for the heavily disturbed month March 2015 and also stronger signals for gravity field estimation in the equatorial regions are obtained, as can be seen in the reduced error degree variances of the gravity field estimation. The presented approach may also be applied to other low earth orbit missions, provided that the GPS receivers offer a sufficiently high data rate compared to the tracking loop bandwidth, and provided that the basic loop-filter parameters are known.
Effect of Temperature Treatments on the Viability of Clavibacter sepedonicus in Infected Potato Tissue
Authors: Stevens L. H. , Tom J. Y. , van der Zouwen P. S. , Mendes O. , Poleij L. M. , van der Wolf J. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to establish whether exposure to temperatures of 55-70 °C results in eradication of the pathogen Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cs) in colonised potato tissue, in order to evaluate the efficiency of composting for disinfection of Cs-infected potato waste. Pre-sprouted potato tubers were inoculated and planted to produce Cs-colonised stem and tuber material. After incubation in temperature-controlled water baths, the infected potato tissue was analysed for the presence of culturable and pathogenic Cs. Additional experiments were performed with Cs-colonised potato stem tissue crushed and deaerated, thus simulating macerated stem tissue in the compost heap. To enable a comparison with bacterial cells that are not enclosed by their natural organic matrix, temperature treatments were applied to non-infected stem tissue crushed and deaerated, and spiked with freshly prepared Cs-suspensions. Cs settled inside colonised potato tissue, as well as Cs present as Cs-suspensions supplemented to potato tissue, was eradicated by exposure to heat, even after a treatment of 1 h at 55 °C, with the exception of one case in which the pathogen present in intact stem material escaped a treatment of 6 h at 60 °C, indicating that incidentally stems may provide niches in which the pathogen is protected against heat.
Global Properties of Eigenvalues of Parametric Rank One Perturbations for Unstructured and Structured Matrices
Authors: Ran André C. M. , Wojtylak Michał 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGeneral properties of eigenvalues of$$A+\tau uv^*$$A+τuv∗as functions of$$\tau \in {\mathbb {C} }$$τ∈Cor$$\tau \in {\mathbb {R} }$$τ∈Ror$$\tau ={{\,\mathrm{{e}}\,}}^{{{\,\mathrm{{i}}\,}}\theta }$$τ=eiθon the unit circle are considered. In particular, the problem of existence of global analytic formulas for eigenvalues is addressed. Furthermore, the limits of eigenvalues with$$\tau \rightarrow \infty $$τ→∞are discussed in detail. The following classes of matrices are considered: complex (without additional structure), real (without additional structure), complexH-selfadjoint and realJ-Hamiltonian.
Management Strategies for Comorbid Supine Hypertension in Patients with Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Isaacson Stuart H. , Dashtipour Khashayar , Mehdirad Ali A. , Peltier Amanda C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn autonomic failure, neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) and neurogenic supine hypertension (nSH) are interrelated conditions characterized by postural blood pressure (BP) dysregulation. nOH results in a sustained BP drop upon standing, which can lead to symptoms that include lightheadedness, orthostatic dizziness, presyncope, and syncope. nSH is characterized by elevated BP when supine and, although often asymptomatic, may increase long-term cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. This article reviews the pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of nOH and nSH, and describes the management of patients with both nOH and nSH.Recent FindingsPressor medications required to treat the symptoms of nOH also increase the risk of nSH. Because nOH and nSH are hemodynamically opposed, therapies to treat one condition may exacerbate the other. The management of patients with nOH who also have nSH can be challenging and requires an individualized approach to balance the short- and long-term risks associated with these conditions.SummaryApproaches to manage neurogenic BP dysregulation include nonpharmacologic approaches and pharmacologic treatments. A stepwise treatment approach is presented to help guide neurologists in managing patients with both nOH and nSH.
Multiple solutions for Robin (p, q)-equations plus an indefinite potential and a reaction concave near the origin
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Scapellato Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider a Robin problem driven by the (p, q)-Laplacian plus an indefinite potential term. The reaction is either resonant with respect to the principal eigenvalue or$$(p-1)$$(p-1)-superlinear but without satisfying the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition. For both cases we show that the problem has at least five nontrivial smooth solutions ordered and with sign information. When$$q=2$$q=2(a (p, 2)-equation), we show that we can slightly improve the conclusions of the two multiplicity theorems.
Pulmonary aspergilloma on transthoracic ultrasound
Authors: Ruby Lisa C. , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Sheshadri Shubha , Saravu Kavitha , Bélard Sabine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePulmonary aspergilloma affects immunocompromised patients but is also a recurrent condition in patients previously treated for pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods and ResultsWe report the case of a 45-year-old patient with a history of cured pulmonary tuberculosis 15 years earlier in whom we visualized pulmonary aspergilloma by transthoracic lung sonography. Sonography of pulmonary aspergilloma demonstrated an oval cavity with hypoechoic contents and an irregular border, measuring a diameter of 4.7 cm; inside the lesion, a roundish structure with an anechoic rim was discernable.ConclusionsThe sonographic findings corresponded to chest X-ray and computed tomography imaging in this patient and to previously reported sonographic characteristics of mycotic abscesses in other organs. Lung ultrasound may be a tool to identify pulmonary aspergilloma, especially as a point-of-care imaging tool and where other imaging modalities are inaccessible.
A decision support system for multimodal brain tumor classification using deep learning
Authors: Sharif Muhammad Imran , Khan Muhammad Attique , Alhussein Musaed , Aurangzeb Khursheed , Raza Mudassar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMulticlass classification of brain tumors is an important area of research in the field of medical imaging. Since accuracy is crucial in the classification, a number of techniques are introduced by computer vision researchers; however, they still face the issue of low accuracy. In this article, a new automated deep learning method is proposed for the classification of multiclass brain tumors. To realize the proposed method, the Densenet201 Pre-Trained Deep Learning Model is fine-tuned and later trained using a deep transfer of imbalanced data learning. The features of the trained model are extracted from the average pool layer, which represents the very deep information of each type of tumor. However, the characteristics of this layer are not sufficient for a precise classification; therefore, two techniques for the selection of features are proposed. The first technique is Entropy–Kurtosis-based High Feature Values (EKbHFV) and the second technique is a modified genetic algorithm (MGA) based on metaheuristics. The selected features of the GA are further refined by the proposed new threshold function. Finally, both EKbHFV and MGA-based features are fused using a non-redundant serial-based approach and classified using a multiclass SVM cubic classifier. For the experimental process, two datasets, including BRATS2018 and BRATS2019, are used without increase and have achieved an accuracy of more than 95%. The precise comparison of the proposed method with other neural nets shows the significance of this work.
Interventions to optimize medication use in nursing homes: a narrative review
Authors: Spinewine Anne , Evrard Perrine , Hughes Carmel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Polypharmacy, medication errors and adverse drug events are frequent among nursing home residents. Errors can occur at any step of the medication use process. We aimed to review interventions aiming at optimization of any step of medication use in nursing homes.

Methods
We narratively reviewed quantitative as well as qualitative studies, observational and experimental studies that described interventions, their effects as well as barriers and enablers to implementation. We prioritized recent studies with relevant findings for the European setting.

Results
Many interventions led to improvements in medication use. However, because of outcome heterogeneity, comparison between interventions was difficult. Prescribing was the most studied aspect of medication use. At the micro-level, medication review, multidisciplinary work, and more recently, patient-centered care components dominated. At the macro-level, guidelines and legislation, mainly for specific medication classes (e.g., antipsychotics) were employed. Utilization of technology also helped improve medication administration. Several barriers and enablers were reported, at individual, organizational, and system levels.

Conclusion
Overall, existing interventions are effective in optimizing medication use. However there is a need for further European well-designed and large-scale evaluations of under-researched intervention components (e.g., health information technology, patient-centered approaches), specific medication classes (e.g., antithrombotic agents), and interventions targeting medication use aspects other than prescribing (e.g., monitoring). Further development and uptake of core outcome sets is required. Finally, qualitative studies on barriers and enablers for intervention implementation would enable theory-driven intervention design.