bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental impact of tofu production in West Jakarta using a life cycle assessment approach
Authors: Sari I P , Kuniawan W , Sia F L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tofu is one of the processed soybean foods that are very popular with Indonesian society. Despite the popularity of Tofu, Tofu production in Indonesia is generally small and medium, reaching 500 kg per day, as in the tofu factory in Semanan, West Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental impact of tofu production in West Jakarta. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to achieve this goal with SimaPro software for impact calculations. This research applies the LCA cradle to gate, which consists of soybean cultivation, transportation, and tofu production processes. The environmental impacts of tofu production analyzed in this study include global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, and eutrophication. The impact analysis showed that the acquisition of soybeans, which consisted of soybean cultivation and transportation, had the most significant environmental impact with a global warming potential value of 0.882 kg CO2 eq out of a total of 0.978 CO2 eq for the whole process.
Effect of seawater intrusion on groundwater in the Demak coastal area Indonesia: a review
Authors: Pramita A W , Syafrudin S , Sugianto D N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the most complicated areas to repair on the North Shore of Central Java is the beach in the Sayung Demak. More than 300 hectares of land have been flooding in the last five years due to high tides. The erosion area in Sayung area has also been affected by port development activities in the Semarang area, thus changing the hydrodynamic nature of Sayung Demak Waters. Overuse of groundwater has been showing to lead to brine ingress in the coastal region. And long-term groundwater withdrawal forces land subsidence formation. A few waterfront structures in Sayung waters were built as breakwaters to decrease incoming waves. The solution presently used to minimize erosion while catching sediment in the Sayung area is hybrid engineering. The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of hybrid engineering in the coastal area of Demak and its relation to seawater intrusion and groundwater based on previous research. Understanding the factors that influence water quality in the source area over time is needed to establish appropriate management plans for the protection of groundwater resources and to ensure the safety and health of the beverage.
Organic, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal in hospital wastewater treatment using activated sludge and constructed wetlands
Authors: Hanny V , Rizal A M , Nasuka  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to COVID-19 pandemic, hospital becomes the main and critical facility in any countries. This has also negatively affected the environment, as the wastewater discharged was also increased. Wastewater treatment plant in the hospital will also be affected as there will be fluctuations in volume and quality of wastewater. Hence there is an urgency to choose the appropriate technology as main solution and to improve existing wastewater treatment plant. We will report the performance of integrated system of activated sludge and constructed wetlands applied in a hospital wastewater treatment plant. Both technologies were chosen because they are simple, cheap, and highly effective technologies for wastewater treatment. Activated sludge was able to reduce organic, ammonia, and phosphat content significantly. However, the quality of effluent was still not able to meet the regulation. Application of constructed wetlands as finishing treatment was able to improve the quality of effluent to meet the standard and resulted in BOD, COD, ammonia, and phosphate of 25 mg/L, 24.18 mg/L, <0.01 mg/L, and 0.46 mg/L, respectively. Hence it can be concluded that the integration of activated sludge and constructed wetlands can be an appropriate and effortless treatment system for low-strength wastewater to meet a strict quality standard.
Dam effect confirmation on weaning weight of Boer Goat crosses in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho T , Nurhidayati A , Widyas N , Prastowo S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to confirm the present of dam effect on weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses. A total of 1081 weaning weight records (standardized to 77 days) from 527 does and 16 bucks were analyzed. Data were derived from Boer, Boerja F1 (Boer 3 × Jawarandu ?), and Boerja F2 (Boer 3 × Boerja F1 ?). Two statistic models namely Model 1 and Model 2 were compared using F-test for overall significance. Model 1 is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which consist only fixed effect as factor, while Model 2 is mixed model which includes fixed effect as factor and dam as a random effect. The fixed effects in both models are buck, doe type, parity of the dam, sex of kid, birth type, and year of observation. Results showed that buck, doe type, sex, birth type, and observation year affect significantly (P<0.05) to weaning weight, while parity had no effect (P=0.53). Based on the model’s comparison, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between Model 1 and Model 2. Therefore, it is confirmed the present of dam effect on the weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses in the studied population.
Effects of cellulase, carnitine and fish supplementations on lipid and fatty acid levels of Muscovy duck eggs
Authors: Sudibya  , Rusdiyana E , Handayanta E 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe research aimed to investigate the effect of cellulase, carnitine and Lemuru fish oil supplementation on lipid and fatty acid contents of Muscovy duck eggs. A total of 120 Muscovy duck was allocated randomly to 4 dietary treatments. The basal diet consisted of corn, rice bran and layer concentrate, defined as P1. The remaining treatments were basal diet + 0.1% cellulase enzyme (P2), basal diet + 0.1% cellulase enzyme + 40 ppm L carnitine (P3), basal diet + 0.1% cellulase enzyme + 40ppm L-carnitine + 4% Lemuru fish oil (P4). Result shows supplementation of cellulase enzyme did not influence lipid, cholesterol, and fatty acid contents in eggs resulted, while supplementation of carnitine decreased cholesterol content (P<0.01) without affecting lipid and fatty acid contents. Furthermore, supplementation of Lemuru fish oil in diet containing cellulase enzyme and carnitine enhanced lipid, high-density lipoprotein, and unsaturated fatty acid contents in the eggs (P<0.01). Accordingly, supplementation of Lemuru fish oil decreased low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and saturated fatty acid contents (P<0.01). It is concluded that supplementation of carnitine and fish oil in the diet produced Muscovy duck eggs with considerably high unsaturated fatty acids and low cholesterol contents.
Evaluation of in vitro digestibility and pH of Acacia seed pods (Acacia sp.)
Authors: Hadi R F , Handayanta E , Ngadyastuti I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the rumen fluid’s in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in-vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and pH of different species Acacia seed pods as a single feed ingredient. The Acacia species in this study were Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, and Acacia crassicarpa. The method used was in vitro two-stages with the first 48 hours of incubation (the rumen) and the second 48 hours of incubation (post-rumen), and analyses of pH. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications based on the Acacia species. The data were analysed with oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that IVDMD stage one was 34.59-37.59%; IVOMD stage one was 38.66-43.06%. Stage two of IVDMD was 58.02-59.23%; stage two of IVOMD was 51.67-55.01% and rumen fluid pH were 6.58-7.02. Different Acacia seed pods had significant differences in IVDMD and IVOMD stage one in the rumen and stage two in the post-rumen (P<0.05), but not in the pH value (P>0.05). We concluded that different acacia seed pods had different digestibility values in the rumen and post-rumen. However, it does not affect the rumen acidity.
Evaluation of thermo-mechanical and microbial-facilitated processing on the chemical composition of soybean meal
Authors: Suprayogi W P S , Ratriyanto A , Akhirini N , Hadi R F , Setyono W , Irawan A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the effects of microbial fermentation using Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae on the chemical composition of a commercial soybean meal (SBM). Five quadruplicate samples of SBM were subjected to four treatments with one batch serves as a control. The treatments were steam conditioning treatment (P1) where the other three groups were further fermented with B. subtilis (P2), A. oryzae (P3), and the combination of B. subtilis + A. oryzae (P4). The results showed that bacterial and fungal inoculation increased crude protein (CP) content when compared to control (p<0.05). In addition, fiber fractions including neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were concomitantly decreased with fermentation (p<0.05). In this study, no significant difference was observed on CP and NDF content with heating treatment (P1, p>0.05). However, this treatment decreased ADF content (p<0.05). Ether extract (EE), ash, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and total phosphorus contents were not affected by the treatments. To conclude, fermentation either with bacterial or fungal inoculants was effective to improve the chemical composition of SBM as indicated by increasing CP and decreasing fiber contents of SBM.
Identification of genetic diversity of Bali cattle in Bali and Nusa Penida Island with microsatellite DNA
Authors: Alwiyah  , Baihaqi M , Jakaria  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bali cattle is one of Indonesia’s biodiversity with some superiority. Bali cattle scattered in various region, built centered in Bali Island. Polymorphism is very important to keep a population. Microsatellite is one of easiest methods to identify genetic diversity. The aim of this research was to identify genetic polymorphism loci Bali cattle from SPS115, ETH225, and INRA37 in Bali island and Nusa Penida island with microsatellite DNA labeling system. SPS115, ETH225 and INRA37 had been analyzed from total sample of 48 Bali cattle in Bali Island and 47 in Nusa Penida Island. The results of sequent were analyzed by GenAlEx 6.41. The results of this research showed that SPS115, ETH225 and INRA37 are of higher diversity. The highest heterozygosity was found in loci ETH225 in Bali island. The highest PIC was found in loci INRA37 in Nusa Penida Island. The inbreeding rate of Bali cattle was up to 14.1%. Bali cattle in Bali island and Nusa Penida island were different.
Kappa casein (CSN3) gene polymorphism and its effect on cumulative milk yields of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle
Authors: Asmarasari S A , Sumantri C , Gunawan A , Taufik E , Anggraeni A , Hapsari A A R , Dewantoro B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Kappa casein (CSN3) is a standout amongst the most vital milk proteins in mammals that assumes a crucial part in milk quality and coagulation. This study aimed to determine genetic polymorphism of the Kappa casein gene (CSN3) and associate its genotype variants on various cumulative milk yields in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle. A number of 61 blood samples were collected from 2 Holstein Friesian populations, respectively, from IRIAP Breeding Station in Ciawi (61) and Lembang Artificial Insemination Center (Lembang AIC) (17). Real Time -Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to identify variant genotypes of the Kappa Casein gene. In population were detected all three genotypes GG, GT, and TT. The most frequent genotype was TT, with a frequency of 0.63. Results from the statistical association analysis between g.13975G>T CSN3 genotype and cumulative milk yield in standard lactation length were not significant.
Input parameters for LiGAPS-beef mechanistic model: an attempt to study Bali cattle production under oil-palm plantation systems
Authors: Widi T S M , Widyas N , Prabowo B W , Sumantri I , Maulana H , Baliarti E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Indonesia, integrated oil-palm plantation (OPP) and cattle production systems has been widely practiced in outside Java Island, as an efficient strategy to meet the demand of meat. A dynamic model, called LiGAPS-beef is then needed to simulate the potential and feed-limited production of Bali cattle. This pre-liminary study was aimed to identify and determine the input parameters of Bali cattle production under oil-palm plantation systems for LiGAPS-beef. Literature review and survey on intensive and semi-intensive OPP-cattle integrated systems (I-OPP and SI-OPP), were done, to identify the parameters which define (potential) and limit (actual) the production of Bali cattle. The general parameters were calf crop (%), weaning age (month), culling rate (%year−1), heat increment of feeding; ME content undergrowth plants, grass, legumes, oil palm by products and, concentrates (MJkg−1 DM); potential production of undergrowth plants, grass, legumes, and oil palm by products (kgDMha−1year−1); percentage of carcass (%) and percentage of beef meat (%).The difference between the potential and actual production then will be simulated using LiGAPS- beef to assess the yield gap of Bali cattle production under OPP systems.
Molecular screening of bovine β-casein (CSN2) A2 variant in Indonesian Holstein dairy cattle as attempt to produce digestive friendly milk
Authors: Nuhriawangsa A M P , Mulyani T , Pambuko G , Vanessa R , Purwadi  , Widyas N , Prastowo S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCow’s milk-intolerance is a digestive problem on people who not able to digest milk. This problem may relate to the variant of (3-casein (CSN2), especially A1, suggested due to (3-casomorphins (BCM-7) formation during enzymatic digestion, for that selecting cattle free BCM-7 become a concern to produce digestive friendly milk. This study aimed to differentiate A1 and A2 allele variant of CSN2 gene in selected population of Indonesian Holstein cattle. In total 70 cows DNA were collected, and fragment of CSN2 exon 7 which contain Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) rs43703011 and rs43703013 were amplified. Variant analysis was done by mutation site analysis using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) withMsplrestriction enzyme and DNA sequence for confirmation. Result shows 2 allele variants of (3-casein that are B type, representing A1 family variant, and A2 in mutation site rs43703013C>G. We found A2 allele in the studied population is superior in frequency than A1 (0.916 vs. 0.084). Of that, 8.6% cattle were heterozygotes that is BA2 and 91.4% were homozygotes A2A2. Cattle which carry A1 allele variant should be excluded from dairy cattle breeding program for further milk production free of BCM-7.
Lateral prefrontal cortex is a hub for music production from structural rules to movements
Authors: Bianco Roberta , Novembre Giacomo , Ringer Hanna , Kohler Natalie , Keller Peter E , Villringer Arno , Sammler Daniela 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Complex sequential behaviors, such as speaking or playing music, entail flexible rule-based chaining of single acts. However, it remains unclear how the brain translates abstract structural rules into movements. We combined music production with multimodal neuroimaging to dissociate high-level structural and low-level motor planning. Pianists played novel musical chord sequences on a muted MR-compatible piano by imitating a model hand on screen. Chord sequences were manipulated in terms of musical harmony and context length to assess structural planning, and in terms of fingers used for playing to assess motor planning. A model of probabilistic sequence processing confirmed temporally extended dependencies between chords, as opposed to local dependencies between movements. Violations of structural plans activated the left inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus, and the fractional anisotropy of the ventral pathway connecting these two regions positively predicted behavioral measures of structural planning. A bilateral frontoparietal network was instead activated by violations of motor plans. Both structural and motor networks converged in lateral prefrontal cortex, with anterior regions contributing to musical structure building, and posterior areas to movement planning. These results establish a promising approach to study sequence production at different levels of action representation.
A Statewide Collaborative Quality Initiative to Improve Antibiotic Duration and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Vaughn Valerie M , Gandhi Tejal N , Hofer Timothy P , Petty Lindsay A , Malani Anurag N , Osterholzer Danielle , Dumkow Lisa E , Ratz David , Horowitz Jennifer K , McLaughlin Elizabeth S , Czilok Tawny , Flanders Scott A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause for hospitalization and antibiotic overuse. We aimed to improve antibiotic duration for CAP across 41 hospitals participating in the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium (HMS).

Methods
This prospective collaborative quality initiative included patients hospitalized with uncomplicated CAP who qualified for a 5-day antibiotic duration. Between 23 February 2017 and 5 February 2020, HMS targeted appropriate 5-day antibiotic treatment through benchmarking, sharing best practices, and pay-for-performance incentives. Changes in outcomes, including appropriate receipt of 5 ± 1–day antibiotic treatment and 30-day postdischarge composite adverse events (ie, deaths, readmissions, urgent visits, and antibiotic-associated adverse events), were assessed over time (per 3-month quarter), using logistic regression and controlling for hospital clustering.

Results
A total of 41 hospitals and 6553 patients were included. The percentage of patients treated with an appropriate 5 ± 1–day duration increased from 22.1% (predicted probability, 20.9% [95% confidence interval: 17.2%–25.0%]) to 45.9% (predicted probability, 43.9% [36.8%–51.2%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per quarter, 1.10 [1.07–1.14]). Thirty-day composite adverse events occurred in 18.5% of patients (1166 of 6319) and decreased over time (aOR per quarter, 0.98 [95% confidence interval: .96–.99]) owing to a decrease in antibiotic-associated adverse events (aOR per quarter, 0.91 [.87–.95]).

Conclusions
Across diverse hospitals, HMS participation was associated with more appropriate use of short-course therapy and fewer adverse events in hospitalized patients with uncomplicated CAP. Establishment of national or regional collaborative quality initiatives with data collection and benchmarking, sharing of best practices, and pay-for-performance incentives may improve antibiotic use and outcomes for patients hospitalized with uncomplicated CAP.
Diagnosis and management of arrhythmias in pregnancy
Authors: Senarath Sachintha , Nanayakkara Pavitra , Beale Anna L , Watts Monique , Kaye David M , Nanayakkara Shane 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Arrhythmias are the most common cardiac complications occurring in pregnancy. Although the majority of palpitations in pregnancy may be explained by atrial or ventricular premature complexes, the full spectrum of arrhythmias can occur. In this article, we establish a systematic approach to the evaluation and management of arrhythmias in pregnancy. Haemodynamically unstable arrhythmias warrant urgent cardioversion. For mild cases of benign arrhythmia, treatment is usually not needed. Symptomatic but haemodynamically stable arrhythmic patients should first undergo a thorough evaluation to establish the type of arrhythmia and the presence or absence of structural heart disease. This will ultimately determine the necessity for treatment given the potential risks of anti-arrhythmic pharmacotherapy in pregnancy. We will discuss the main catalogue of anti-arrhythmic medications, which have some established evidence of safety in pregnancy. Based on our appraisal, we provide a treatment algorithm for the tachyarrhythmic pregnant patient.
Ray velocity derivatives in anisotropic elastic media. Part II—polar anisotropy
Authors: Ravve Igor , Koren Zvi 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARY
Considering general anisotropic (triclinic) media and both, quasi-compressional (qP) and quasi-shear (qS) waves, in Part I of this study, we obtained the ray (group) velocity gradients and Hessians with respect to the ray locations, directions and the elastic model parameters along ray trajectories. Ray velocity derivatives for anisotropic elastic media with higher symmetries were considered particular cases of general anisotropy. In this part, Part II, we follow the computational workflow presented in Part I, formulating the ray velocity derivatives directly for polar anisotropic media (transverse isotropy with tilted axis of symmetry, TTI) for the coupled qP waves (quasi-compressional waves) and qSV waves (quasi-shear waves polarized in the ‘axial’ plane) and for SH waves (shear waves polarized in the ‘normal’ plane). The acoustic approximation for qP waves is considered a special case. In seismology, the medium properties, normally specified at regular 3-D fine gridpoints, are the five material parameters: the axial compressional and shear wave velocities, the three (unitless) Thomsen parameters and two geometric parameters: the polar angles defining the local direction (the tilt) of the medium symmetry axis. All the parameters are assumed spatially (smoothly) varying, so that their spatial gradients and Hessians can be reliably numerically computed. Two case examples are considered; the first represents compacted shale/sand rocks (with positive anellipticity) and the second, unconsolidated sand rocks with strong negative anellipticity (manifesting a qSV triplication). The ray velocity derivatives obtained in this part are first tested by comparing them with the corresponding numerical (finite difference) derivatives. Additionally, only for validation purpose, we show that exactly the same results (ray velocity derivatives) can be obtained if we transform the given polar anisotropic model parameters (five material and two geometric) into the 21 stiffness tensor components of a general anisotropic (triclinic) medium, and apply the theory derived in Part I. Since in many practical wave/ray-based applications in polar anisotropic media only the spatial derivatives of the axial compressional wave velocity are taken into account, we analyse the effect (sensitivity) of the spatial derivatives of the other parameters on the ray velocity and its derivatives (which, in turn, define the corresponding traveltime derivatives along the ray).