bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary changes across time: Studying the indigenous period of La Gomera using δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis and radiocarbon dating
Authors: Sánchez‐Cañadillas Elías , Carballo Jared , Padrón Eleazar , Hernández Juan Carlos , Melián Gladys V. , Navarro Mederos Juan Francisco , Pérez Nemesio M. , Arnay‐de‐la‐Rosa Matilde 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis article presents new radiocarbon and isotopic data to provide further information about the diet of the indigenous population of La Gomera and its possible changes across time.Materials and methodsδ13C and δ15N of 53 human and 19 faunal samples from different sites on the island have been obtained and analyzed. Of these, 52 have been radiocarbon dated to provide insight on chronological changes.ResultsHuman dates range from the 3rd to 15th centuries AD, while faunal dates range from the 1st to 17th centuries AD. Stable carbon and nitrogen values are significantly different between the human and goat samples and have also a trophic increase of 3.4‰. Although male and female δ15N data are not significantly different. Both δ13C and δ15N values of both human and animal samples tend to discretely decrease over time.DiscussionRadiocarbon dates from humans correlate with other dates obtained in the rest of the archipelago. Animal radiocarbon dates generally coincide except for one date, which requires further study. Isotopic δ15N data suggest a mix of marine and terrestrial protein consumption in humans, the latter being more abundant given the seasonality of the first. δ13C data also suggest a possible mixed diet in humans, with a predominance of C3 plants, like Hordeum vulgare, the only grain found in archaeological sites so far. Variations of both δ13C and δ15N over time suggest a slight modification on the diet, which could be related to environmental changes.
OGDHL closely associates with tumor microenvironment and can serve as a prognostic biomarker for papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Mao Min , Huang Rong‐zhi , Zheng Jie , Liang Hai‐qi , Huang Wen‐hui , Liu Jing , Li Jie‐hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. However, due to the lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers for PTC, overtreatment has been on the rise. Therefore, our research aims to identify new and promising prognostic biomarkers and provide fresh perspectives for clinical decision making.MethodsThe RNA‐seq data and clinical data of PTC samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal. GSE64912 and GSE83520 datasets were downloaded through the GEOquery R package. The difference in the expression of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase like (OGDHL) between PTC and normal tissues was explored by the Wilcoxon test. Kaplan–Meier (KM) and Cox regression analyses were used to further explore the prognostic value of OGDHL. The tumor microenvironments of PTC patients were explored based on ssGSEA and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource online database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the biological processes associated with OGDHL.ResultsThe expression level of OGDHL in PTC was significantly altered compared to that in normal tissues (p < 0.05). Various biological processes associated with OGDHL were also explored through GSEA. KM analysis suggested that the low‐OGDHL group had a better overall survival [OS, p = 3.49e‐03, hazard ratio (HR) = 4.567]. The receiver operating characteristic curve also indicated the favorable prognostic potential of OGDHL. Moreover, OGDHL was proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in Cox analysis (p = 1.33e‐02, HR = 0.152). In the analysis of the tumor microenvironment, the low‐OGDHL group showed a lower immune score and stromal score, while tumor purity was higher. The expression of OGDHL was also closely correlated with the infiltration of immune cells.ConclusionOur study elucidated the influence of OGDHL on the prognosis of PTC and demonstrated its potential as a novel biomarker, which would provide new insights into the prognosis monitoring and clinical decision making in PTC patients.
Advertising exposure and investor attention: Estimates from Super Bowl commercials
Authors: Branikas Ioannis , Buchbinder Gabriel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProduct advertising captures the attention not only of consumers but also of investors. Constructing a measure of local investment interest in stocks from Google searches and using the Super Bowl as an experiment, we study the effects of advertising expenses on investor attention. We find that the post‐game Monday attention of investors in areas with high viewership increases significantly for both local and non‐local companies that air commercials. Non‐local firms with high advertising exposure in a region attract more interest than local firms with low exposure, suggesting that advertising has a stronger impact on investor attention than the local bias.
Structural Determination of an Unusual CuI‐Porphyrin‐π‐Bond in a Hetero‐Pacman Cu‐Zn‐Complex
Authors: Marquardt Michael , Cula Beatrice , Budhija Vishal , Dallmann André , Schwalbe Matthias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a hetero‐dinuclear compound is presented, in which a copper(I) trishistidine type coordination unit is positioned directly above a zinc porphyrin unit. The close distance between the two coordination fragments is secured by a rigid xanthene backbone, and a unique (intramolecular) copper porphyrin‐π‐bond was determined for the first time in the molecular structure. This structural motif was further analyzed by temperature‐dependent NMR studies: In solution at room temperature the coordinative bond fluctuates, while it can be frozen at low temperatures. Preliminary reactivity studies revealed a reduced reactivity of the copper(I) moiety towards dioxygen. The results adumbrate why nature is avoiding metal porphyrin‐π‐bonds by fixing reactive metal centers in a predetermined distance to each other within multimetallic enzymatic reaction centers.
Ox‐SLIM: Synthesis of and Site‐Specific Labelling with a Highly Hydrophilic Trityl Spin Label
Authors: Fleck Nico , Heubach Caspar , Hett Tobias , Spicher Sebastian , Grimme Stefan , Schiemann Olav 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe combination of pulsed dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (PDS) with site‐directed spin labelling is a powerful tool in structural biology. Rational design of trityl‐based spin labels has enabled studying biomolecular structures at room temperature and within cells. However, most current trityl spin labels suffer either from aggregation with proteins due to their hydrophobicity, or from bioconjugation groups not suitable for in‐cell measurements. Therefore, we introduce here the highly hydrophilic trityl spin label Ox‐SLIM. Engineered as a short‐linked maleimide, it combines the most recent developments in one single molecule, as it does not aggregate with proteins, exhibits high resistance under in‐cell conditions, provides a short linker, and allows for selective and efficient spin labelling via cysteines. Beyond establishing synthetic access to Ox‐SLIM, its suitability as a spin label is illustrated and ultimately, highly sensitive PDS measurements are presented down to protein concentrations as low as 45 nmresolving interspin distances of up to 5.5 nm.
Prognostic value of left atrial volume index in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis
Authors: Cho In‐Jeong , Jeong Hyeonju , Chang Hyuk‐Jae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of left atrial volume index (LAVI) for predicting outcomes in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) has been unclear, even though rheumatic MS is known to be associated with left atrium enlargement and functional deterioration.HypothesisThe current study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of LAVI, based on the severity in patients with rheumatic MS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 611 patients with pure rheumatic MS. The prognostic value of LAVI and the effect of MS severity on the prognostic value of LAVI for events were evaluated. The events were defined as a composite end‐point that included all‐cause death, heart failure admission, mitral valve replacement, percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty, and stroke.ResultsThere were 236 (38.6%) overall events during a median follow‐up of 8 months. The optimal LAVI cutoff for the prognostic threshold was 57 ml/m2. The MS severity had a significant effect on the prognostic value of LAVI. A LAVI >57 ml/m2 was a prognostic value for events in progressive MS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41–5.40, p = .004) and in patients with severe MS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.06–2.74, p = .029), but it was not prognostic in patients with very severe MS (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.56–1.84, p = .955).ConclusionsThe prognostic value of LAVI varies and is dependent on the MS severity. A LAVI >57 mL/m2 was independently associated with poor outcomes in patients with progressive MS, while this association was minimized in patients with severe MS.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers valsartan and losartan improve survival rate clinically and suppress tumor growth via apoptosis related to PI3K/AKT signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yu‐Tsai , Wang Hung‐Chen , Tsai Ming‐Hsien , Su Yan‐Ye , Yang Ming‐Yu , Chien Chih‐Yen 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of head and neck cancer in Asia. Adverse effects occur in over 90% of NPC patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiation. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used to treat hypertension without serious adverse effects. However, the anticancer activity of ARBs in NPC remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated the survival impacts of ARBs among NPC patients in a retrospective study. The anticancer effects and related signaling pathways of the ARBs valsartan and losartan were also evaluated in vitro and in vivo.ResultA total of 927 patients with NPC who had hypertension were enrolled in the study, 272 (29.3%) of whom received ARBs. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that patients who used ARBs had higher rates of 5‐year overall survival (OS; 87.8% vs 75.1%; P = .002) and disease‐specific survival (DSS; 95.4% vs 77.7%; P < .001) than those who did not receive this treatment. Additionally, ARBs inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by increasing levels of cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐9, and cytochrome C; the cell population in the sub‐G1 phase; and caspase‐3 activity in NPC‐TW01 cells. ARBs inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis via apoptosis in an NPC xenografts model. Interestingly, ARBs inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT signaling in vitro and in vivo, which is markedly attributed to their antitumor effects in NPC.ConclusionThese data indicate that ARBs not only improve 5‐year OS and DSS among patients with NPC but also exert antiproliferative and antiangiogenesis effects by inducing apoptosis in NPC, supporting that ARBs may be promising agents for treatment of NPC.
Ultrasensitive detection of tumor‐specific mutations in saliva of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shanmugam Ashwini , Hariharan Arun K. , Hasina Rifat , Nair Jayalakshmi R. , Katragadda Shanmukh , Irusappan Sivaraj , Ravichandran Aarthi , Veeramachaneni Vamsi , Bettadapura Radhakrishna , Bhati Muddasir , Ramaswamy Veena , Rao Vishal U. S. , Bagadia Ritvi K. , Manjunath Ashwini , Manjunath N. M. L. , Solomon Monica Charlotte , Maji Shiuli , Bahadur Urvashi , Bettegowda Chetan , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Lingen Mark W. , Hariharan Ramesh , Gupta Vaijayanti , Agrawal Nishant , Izumchenko Evgeny 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundOral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy. Although the survival rate of patients with advanced‐stage disease remains approximately 20% to 60%, when detected at an early stage, the survival rate approaches 80%, posing a pressing need for a well validated profiling method to assess patients who have a high risk of developing OCSCC. Tumor DNA detection in saliva may provide a robust biomarker platform that overcomes the limitations of current diagnostic tests. However, there is no routine saliva‐based screening method for patients with OCSCC.MethodsThe authors designed a custom next‐generation sequencing panel with unique molecular identifiers that covers coding regions of 7 frequently mutated genes in OCSCC and applied it on DNA extracted from 121 treatment‐naive OCSCC tumors and matched preoperative saliva specimens.ResultsBy using stringent variant‐calling criteria, mutations were detected in 106 tumors, consistent with a predicted detection rate ≥88%. Moreover, mutations identified in primary malignancies were also detected in 93% of saliva samples. To ensure that variants are not errors resulting in false‐positive calls, a multistep analytical validation of this approach was performed: 1) re‐sequencing of 46 saliva samples confirmed 88% of somatic variants; 2) no functionally relevant mutations were detected in saliva samples from 11 healthy individuals without a history of tobacco or alcohol; and 3) using a panel of 7 synthetic loci across 8 sequencing runs, it was confirmed that the platform developed is reproducible and provides sensitivity on par with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.ConclusionsThe current data highlight the feasibility of somatic mutation identification in driver genes in saliva collected at the time of OCSCC diagnosis.
Phylogeny and evolution of chloroplast tRNAs in Adoxaceae
Authors: Zhong Qiu‐Yi , Fu Xiao‐Gang , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Zhou Tong , Yue Ming , Liu Jian‐Ni , Li Zhong‐Hu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChloroplasts are semiautonomous organelles found in photosynthetic plants. The major functions of chloroplasts include photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which are mainly regulated by its circular genomes. In the highly conserved chloroplast genome, the chloroplast transfer RNA genes (cp tRNA) play important roles in protein translation within chloroplasts. However, the evolution of cp tRNAs remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the evolutionary characteristics of chloroplast tRNAs in five Adoxaceae species using 185 tRNA gene sequences. In total, 37 tRNAs encoding 28 anticodons are found in the chloroplast genome in Adoxaceae species. Some consensus sequences are found within the Ψ‐stem and anticodon loop of the tRNAs. Some putative novel structures were also identified, including a new stem located in the variable region of tRNATyr in a similar manner to the anticodon stem. Furthermore, phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses indicated that synonymous tRNAs may have evolved from multiple ancestors and frequent tRNA duplications during the evolutionary process may have been primarily caused by positive selection and adaptive evolution. The transition and transversion rates are uneven among different tRNA isotypes. For all tRNAs, the transition rate is greater with a transition/transversion bias of 3.13. Phylogenetic analysis of cp tRNA suggested that the type I introns in different taxa (including eukaryote organisms and cyanobacteria) share the conserved sequences “U‐U‐x2‐C” and “U‐x‐G‐x2‐T,” thereby indicating the diverse cyanobacterial origins of organelles. This detailed study of cp tRNAs in Adoxaceae may facilitate further investigations of the evolution, phylogeny, structure, and related functions of chloroplast tRNAs.
Impact of primary care involvement and setting on multidisciplinary heart failure management: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raat Willem , Smeets Miek , Janssens Stefan , Vaes Bert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultidisciplinary disease management programmes (DMPs) are a cornerstone of modern guideline‐recommended care for heart failure (HF). Few programmes are community initiated or involve primary care professionals, despite the importance of home‐based care for HF. We compared the outcomes of different multidisciplinary HF DMPs in relation to their recruitment setting and involvement of primary care health professionals. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials published in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane between 2000 and 2020 using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Our meta‐analysis included 19 randomized controlled trials (7577 patients), classified according to recruitment setting and involvement of primary care professionals. Thirteen studies recruited in the hospital (n = 5243 patients) and six in the community (n = 2334 patients). Only six studies involved primary care professionals (n = 3427 patients), with two of these recruited in the community (n = 225 patients). Multidisciplinary HF DMPs that recruited in the community had no significant effect on all‐cause and HF readmissions nor on mortality, irrespective of primary care involvement. Studies that recruited in the hospital demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality (relative risk 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.76, 0.98]), HF readmissions (0.70, 95% CI [0.54, 0.89]), and all‐cause readmissions (0.72, 95% CI [0.60, 0.87]). However, the difference in effect size between recruitment setting and involvement of primary care was not significant in a meta‐regression analysis. Multidisciplinary HF DMPs that recruit in the community have no significant effect on mortality or hospital readmissions, unlike DMPs that recruit in the hospital, although the difference in effect size was not significant in a meta‐regression analysis. Only six multidisciplinary studies involved primary care professionals. Given demographic evolutions and the importance of integrated home‐based care for patients with HF, future multidisciplinary HF DMPs should consider integrating primary care professionals and evaluating the effectiveness of this model.
A widening gap between boys and girls in musculoskeletal complaints, while growing up from age 11 to age 20 ‐ the PIAMA birth Cohort study
Authors: Picavet H Susan J. , Gehring Ulrike , van Haselen Amanda , Koppelman Gerard H. , van de Putte Elise M. , Vader Sarah , van der Wouden J.(Hans) C. , Schmits Ruben J. H. , Smit Henriette A. , Wijga Alet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe adolescent years represent a key period for the development of musculoskeletal complaints (MSC) and the differences between boys and girls. We evaluated the prevalence and course of MSC and factors associated with MSC while growing up from age 11 to age 20.MethodsQuestionnaire‐based data at age 11 (n = 2,638), age 14 (n = 2,517), age 17 (n = 2,094) and at age 20 (n = 2,206) from the ongoing Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort were analyzed. MSC refers to pain of lower back, upper‐ and/or lower extremities. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate a number of factors in relation to persistent pain (pain reported at three out of four measurements).ResultsPrevalence of MSC increased from 14.2% at age 11 to 22.1% at age 20 for boys, and from 17.4% at age 11 to 37.9% at age 20 for girls. Persistent pain was found among 5.1% of the boys and 16.5% of the girls. Being bullied, sleeping problems and tiredness during the day were significantly associated with persistent pain, in both boys and girls, while the latter two were more prevalent among girls. Self‐reported (sports‐) accidents, and among girls also early onset of puberty, were also significantly associated with persistent pain, but lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and smoking, were not.ConclusionThe prevalence of MSC increases during adolescence, with a widening gap between boys and girls. The factors associated with MSC are similar in boys and girls, though the prevalence of some of these differ by sex.SignificanceMeasuring a group of youngsters 4 times between age 11 and 20 shows an increase in the percentage reporting musculoskeletal complaints (MSC) with a widening gap between girls and boys, with more pain among girls. Boys and girls do hardly differ with respect to factors associated with MSC, being mainly psychosocial factors and (sports) accidents.
Age differences in cognitive–affective processes in adults with chronic pain
Authors: Murray Caitlin B. , Patel Kushang V. , Twiddy Hanah , Sturgeon John A. , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is associated with significant physical and psychological impairments across the adult lifespan. However, there is a relative gap in knowledge on individual differences that predict pain‐related functioning. The current study highlights one important source of individual variation: age.MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data from a large treatment‐seeking cohort of 2,905 adults (M age = 46.6 [13.1]; 71.8% women) presenting to a tertiary pain centre in the United Kingdom to determine age differences in cognitive‐affective processes (catastrophizing, acceptance, self‐efficacy), including their differential patterns and effects on disability and depression.ResultsOlder adults (ages 65–75) were found to experience higher pain acceptance and pain self‐efficacy compared to both middle‐aged (ages 40–64) and young adult (ages 18–39) age groups. Older adults also experienced lower levels of catasophizing compared to middle‐age adults. Testing age as a moderator, we found that the relationships of pain self‐efficacy and acceptance with depression as well as the relationship between pain self‐efficacy and disability were comparatively weakest among older adults and strongest among young adults. Similarly, the relationship between pain catastrophizing and depression was relatively stronger for young and middle‐aged adults compared to older adults.ConclusionsAge‐related differences in psychological mechanisms that influence pain‐related functioning present unique challenges and opportunities for scientists and clinicians to improve our understanding and treatment of pain across the lifespan. Additional work is needed to refine our knowledge of age‐related differences in cognitive‐affective, biopsychosocial dimensions of chronic pain and to develop and test the efficacy of age‐tailored interventions.SignificanceOur cross‐sectional analysis of 2,905 treatment‐seeking adults with chronic pain presenting to a tertiary care center in the United Kingdom revealed distinct age differences in cognitive‐affective linked to disability and depression. This study contributes to the limited knowledge on age‐related variance in psychological mechanisms underlying adjustment to chronic pain. Promising avenues for future research include refining our understanding of age‐related differences in cognitive–affective, biopsychosocial dimensions of chronic pain and elucidating the most salient treatment targets among different age groups.