bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI Mapping of Renal T1: Basic Concept
Authors: Hectors Stefanie J. , Garteiser Philippe , Doblas Sabrina , Pagé Gwenaël , Van Beers Bernard E. , Waterton John C. , Bane Octavia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn renal MRI, measurement of the T1 relaxation time of water molecules may provide a valuable biomarker for a variety of pathological conditions. Due to its sensitivity to the tissue microenvironment, T1 has gained substantial interest for noninvasive imaging of renal pathology, including inflammation and fibrosis. In this chapter, we will discuss the basic concept of T1 mapping and different T1 measurement techniques and we will provide an overview of emerging preclinical applications of T1 for imaging of kidney disease.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
Bereichsethiken im Überblick
Authors: Werner Micha H. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDer funktionalen Differenzierung der Gesellschaft in spezifische Praxisbereiche (z. B. Wirtschaft, Recht, Politik) korrespondiert die Ausdifferenzierung spezifischer Verhaltenswissenschaften, die auf die Untersuchung dieser Praxisbereiche spezialisiert sind (Ökonomie, Rechtswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft). Wie schon erwähnt, haben sie sich teils erst spät von der allgemeinen Moralphilosophie abgegrenzt, wobei die Frage ihrer jeweiligen Abhängigkeit oder Unabhängigkeit von normativ-ethischen Prämissen kontrovers diskutiert wird (siehe Kap.10.1007/978-3-476-05293-3_1). Die Bereichsethiken nehmen ebenfalls die Besonderheiten spezifischer Praxisbereiche in den Blick und setzen sich mit deren normativen Eigenlogiken und den sie tragenden Institutionen und Traditionen auseinander.
Was bedeuten moralische Äußerungen und (wie) lassen sie sich begründen? Metaethische Landkarte
Authors: Werner Micha H. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungAusgelöst vor allem durch George Edward Moores 1903 erschienenes BuchPrincipia Ethicaverdichten sich Diskussionen über die Interpretation der moralischen Sprache und die Grundlagen ethischen Denkens zu einer eigenen Subdisziplin der Moralphilosophie, die als Metaethik bezeichnet wird. Die im Rahmen der Metaethik diskutierten Fragen und Probleme sind nicht grundsätzlich neu, sondern wurden zuvor vielfach im Kontext der allgemeinen Moralphilosophie mitdiskutiert. Durch die Anwendung vonMethoden der sprachanalytischen Philosophieerhalten sie jedoch neue Prägnanz.
Temperature, climate change, and human conception rates: evidence from Hungary
Authors: Hajdu Tamás , Hajdu Gábor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the relationship between temperature and human conception rates and project the impacts of climate change by the mid-twenty-first century. Using complete administrative data on 6.8 million pregnancies between 1980 and 2015 in Hungary, we show that exposure to hot temperatures reduces the conception rate in the first few weeks following exposure, but a partial rebound is observed after that. We project that with absent adaptation, climate change will increase seasonal differences in conception rates and annual conception rates will decline. A change in the number of induced abortions and spontaneous fetal losses drives the decline in conception rates. The number of live births is unaffected. However, some newborns will experience a shift in the timing of conception that leads to changes in in utero temperature exposure and therefore might have further consequences.
Auctioning risk: the all-pay auction under mean-variance preferences
Authors: Klose Bettina , Schweinzer Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe analyse the all-pay auction with incomplete information and variance-averse bidders. We characterise the unique symmetric equilibrium for general distributions of valuations and any number of bidders. Variance aversion is a sufficient assumption to predict that high-valuation bidders increase their bids relative to the risk-neutral case while low types decrease their bid. Considering an asymmetric two-player environment with uniformly distributed valuations, we show that a variance-averse player always bids higher than her risk-neutral opponent with the same valuation. Utilising our analytically derived bidding functions we discuss all-pay auctions with variance-averse bidders from an auction designer’s perspective. We briefly consider possible extensions of our model, including noisy signals, type-dependent attitudes towards risk, and variance-seeking preferences.
Poincaré duality for $$L^p$$ cohomology on subanalytic singular spaces
Authors: Valette Guillaume 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigate the problem of Poincaré duality for $$L^p$$

L
p

differential forms on bounded subanalytic submanifolds of $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

(not necessarily compact). We show that, when p is sufficiently close to 1 then the $$L^p$$

L
p

cohomology of such a submanifold is isomorphic to its singular homology. In the case where p is large, we show that $$L^p$$

L
p

cohomology is dual to intersection homology. As a consequence, we can deduce that the $$L^p$$

L
p

cohomology is Poincaré dual to $$L^q$$

L
q

cohomology, if p and q are Hölder conjugate to each other and p is sufficiently large.
Unbounded solutions of models for glycolysis
Authors: Brechmann Pia , Rendall Alan D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Selkov oscillator, a simple description of glycolysis, is a system of two ordinary differential equations with mass action kinetics. In previous work the authors established several properties of the solutions of this system. In the present paper we extend this to prove that this system has solutions which diverge to infinity in an oscillatory manner at late times. This is done with the help of a Poincaré compactification of the system and a shooting argument. This system was originally derived from another system with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. A Poincaré compactification of the latter system is carried out and this is used to show that the Michaelis–Menten system, like that with mass action, has solutions which diverge to infinity in a monotone manner. It is also shown to admit subcritical Hopf bifurcations and thus unstable periodic solutions. We discuss to what extent the unbounded solutions cast doubt on the biological relevance of the Selkov oscillator and compare it with other models for the same biological system in the literature.
Art Gallery Problem with Rook and Queen Vision
Authors: Alpert Hannah , Roldán Érika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHow many chess rooks or queens does it take to guard all squares of a given polyomino, the union of square tiles from a square grid? This question is a version of the art gallery problem in which the guards can “see” whichever squares the rook or queen attacks. We show that$$\lfloor {\frac{n}{2}} \rfloor $$⌊n2⌋rooks or$$\lfloor {\frac{n}{3}} \rfloor $$⌊n3⌋queens are sufficient and sometimes necessary to guard a polyomino withntiles. We then prove that finding the minimum number of rooks or queens needed to guard a polyomino is NP-hard. These results also apply tod-dimensional rooks and queens ond-dimensional polycubes. Finally, we use bipartite matching theorems to describe sets of non-attacking rooks on polyominoes.
Multi-method geochemical characterization of groundwater from a hypogene karst system
Authors: Temovski Marjan , Túri Marianna , Futó István , Braun Mihály , Molnár Mihály , Palcsu László 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn approach, combining several geochemical methods, was used to determine the groundwater properties and components of a hypogene karst system, where sampling is restricted only to the spring sites, and with a limited number of available sampling locations. Radiogenic isotopes (3H, 14C) were used to constrain the groundwater mean residence time and separate different groundwater components. Noble gases, stable isotopes of water (δ18O, δ2H), dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C) and dissolved sulfate (δ34S, δ18O), and major ion and trace element composition were used to identify the source of water, its chemical evolution and water–rock interactions, as well as to identify the contribution and composition of endogenic gases. This approach was applied to three low-temperature thermal springs located in Mariovo (North Macedonia) associated with fossil hypogene caves, previously identified by morphological and geochemical studies of caves and cave deposits. Based on the obtained results, the main studied springs represent an output part of a regional hypogene karst groundwater system with a deep-circulating (~1 km), old (~15 ka), thermal (≥60 °C) water, which mixes with young (<50 years), cold (<14 °C) and shallow epigene karst groundwater. The output parts are structurally controlled, at the interception of low topography and deep faults, along which the groundwater interacts with deep-seated gases, dominantly CO2 of metamorphic origin (δ13C of +4.5‰ VPDB), with some contribution of mantle helium. The thermal karst groundwater interacts at depth with volcanic rocks from the nearby Neogene-Quaternary volcanic complex, as well as with metamorphic basement rocks and granitoids.
Study of a Premixed Turbulent Counter-Flow Flame with a Large Eddy Simulation Method
Authors: Gong Y. , Jones W. P. , Marquis A. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe turbulent counter-flow flame (TCF) has proven to be a useful benchmark to study turbulence-chemistry interactions, however, the widely observed bulk flow fluctuations and their influence on the flame stability remain unclear. In the present work, premixed TCFs are studied numerically using a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method. A transported probability density function (pdf) approach is adopted to simulate the sub-grid scale (sgs) turbulence-chemistry interactions. A solution to the joint sgs-pdf evolution equation for each of the relative scalars is obtained by the stochastic fields method. The chemistry is represented using a simplified chemical reaction mechanism containing 15 reaction steps and 19 species. This work compares results with two meshing strategies, with the domain inside nozzles included and excluded respectively. A conditional statistical approach is applied to filter out the large scale motions of the flame. With the use of digital turbulence, the velocity field in the flame region is well reproduced. The processes of local extinction and re-ignition are successfully captured and analysed together with the strain rate field, and local extinctions are found correlated to the turbulent structures in the reactant stream. The predicted probability of localised extinction is in good agreement with the measurements, and the influence of flame stoichiometry are also successfully reproduced. Overall, the current results serve to demonstrate the capability of the LES-pdf method in the study of the premixed opposed jet turbulent flames.
Vicarious Stigma and Self-Stigma Experienced by Parents of Children with Mental Health and/or Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Serchuk Marisa D. , Corrigan Patrick W. , Reed Sarah , Ohan Jeneva L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe stigma of young children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders is experienced by their parents in at least two ways: self-stigma and vicarious stigma. Secrecy may diminish stigma through impression management or strategic disclosure. The present study explores the relationship between vicarious stigma, self-stigma, secrecy coping, depression, and quality of life. Additionally, we examine the structure of a novel measure of vicarious stigma. Fifty parents of children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders completed measures. Self-stigma and sadness due to vicarious stigma were significantly associated with greater depression and diminished quality of life. Higher secrecy coping was also associated with higher depression and lower quality of life, supporting the benefits of disclosure. This research meaningfully adds to our understanding of stigma in general, and as experienced by parents of children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders. Implications for ongoing stigma change development and evaluation are discussed.
Advances in anti-BRAF therapies for lung cancer
Authors: Roviello Giandomenico , D’Angelo Alberto , Sirico Marianna , Pittacolo Matteo , Conter Felipe Umpierre , Sobhani Navid 
Published: January 2021

SummaryNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most frequent causes of mortality in the western world. v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) is a member of the Raf kinase family and plays a critical role in cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The incidence of BRAF mutations in NSCLC is low, accounting for 0–3% of all cases of lung cancer. Given the results obtained in metastatic melanoma, several studies have reported the efficacy of anti-BRAF therapies in NSCLC treatment. In this review, we describe changes in the landscape of BRAF-mutated lung cancer treatment and analyze insights from major clinical trials in the context of future therapeutic prospects.
Linear sets and MRD-codes arising from a class of scattered linearized polynomials
Authors: Longobardi Giovanni , Zanella Corrado 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA class of scattered linearized polynomials covering infinitely many field extensions is exhibited. More precisely, the q-polynomial over $${{\mathbb {F}}}_{q^6}$$

F

q
6

, $$q \equiv 1\pmod 4$$

q
≡
1

(
mod

4
)

described in Bartoli et al. (ARS Math Contemp 19:125–145, 2020) and Zanella and Zullo (Discrete Math 343:111800, 2020) is generalized for any even $$n\ge 6$$

n
≥
6

to an $${{{\mathbb {F}}}_q}$$

F
q

-linear automorphism $$\psi (x)$$

ψ
(
x
)

of $${{\mathbb {F}}}_{q^n}$$

F

q
n

of order n. Such $$\psi (x)$$

ψ
(
x
)

and some functional powers of it are proved to be scattered. In particular, this provides new maximum scattered linear sets of the projective line $${{\,\mathrm{{PG}}\,}}(1,q^n)$$

PG

(
1
,

q
n

)

for $$n=8,10$$

n
=
8
,
10

. The polynomials described in this paper lead to a new infinite family of MRD-codes in $${{\mathbb {F}}}_q^{n\times n}$$

F
q

n
×
n

with minimum distance $$n-1$$

n
-
1

for any odd q if $$n\equiv 0\pmod 4$$

n
≡
0

(
mod

4
)

and any $$q\equiv 1\pmod 4$$

q
≡
1

(
mod

4
)

if $$n\equiv 2\pmod 4$$

n
≡
2

(
mod

4
)

.
Effect of silane/amine-based dopants on polymer-metal interaction of sub-surface silver nanoparticulate films
Authors: Jolly Anju , Uday Anjana , Gurumurthy S. C. , Shilpa M. P. , Surabhi Srivathsava , Mundinamani Shridhar , Ramam Koduri , Gedda Murali , Murari M. S. , Jeong Jong-Ryul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe optical and morphological properties of the vacuum-evaporated silver (Ag) nanoparticulate films on softened polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modified with the 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) dopants are reported. The topography of the particulate films is characterized by the field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The optical spectra broadening, red-shift, and the increase in the intensity values of the plasmonic resonance peak with the nature of dopant have a strong dependence on the particle size, shape, and inter-particle separation. The conducted experimental optical studies are supported by Finite Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation results. Quantitative analysis of the Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy studies confirm the surface modification of Ag nanoparticulate films on doped PVA substrates. The amount of polymer-metal interaction caused by the strongly interacting silane groups of the dopants and their influence on the morphology and optical properties are discussed.
The effect of synthetic bone graft substitutes on bone formation in rabbit calvarial defects
Authors: Saulacic Nikola , Fujioka-Kobayashi Masako , Kimura Yasushi , Bracher Ava Insa , Zihlmann Claudio , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the intensity of the biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) on biomaterial degradation and bone formation. Twenty-four female NZW rabbits of approximately 12 weeks of age were used. Critical size defects were randomly treated with 3%:97% HA:α-TCP (BBCP1), 12%:88% HA:α-TCP (BBCP2), and 23%:77% HA:α-TCP (BBCP3), respectively or sham. All defects were covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Animals were euthanized after 3 and 12 weeks of healing and samples were investigated by micro-CT and histologic analysis. Ingrowth of newly formed woven bone from the original bone at 3-week healing period was observed in all samples. At the 12-week healing period, the new bone in the peripheral area was mainly lamellar and in the central region composed of both woven and lamellar bone. New bony tissue was found on the surface of all three types of granules and at the interior of the BBCP1 granules. Samples with 3% HA showed significantly less residual biomaterial in comparison to the other two groups. Furthermore, BBCP1 significantly promoted new bone area as compared to other three groups and more bone volume as compared to the control. Within its limitations, this study indicated the highest degradation rate in case of BBCP1 concomitant with the highest rate of bone formation. Hence, formation of new bone can be affected by the level of biomimetic HA coating of α-TCP.
Language policy and linguistic landscaping in a contemporary blue-collar workplace in the Dutch–German borderland
Authors: Hovens Daan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article argues that an expanded view of linguistic landscapes provides a useful metaphor for exploring language policies. Following this view, “language policy” is defined as “linguistic landscaping” (i.e., placing language policy mechanisms which, together with already placed mechanisms, construct a metaphorical landscape). The application of this landscaping metaphor has several advantages, as it provides a way to imagine language policy as a continuously ongoing construction process, and as it provides a way to imagine the historical layers of a landscape, the overlap and connections between different landscapes, and the complex hierarchical positions within a landscape. The article is based on linguistic-ethnographic fieldwork in a metal foundry in the Dutch province of Limburg, within walking distance from the Dutch–German border. Specifically, it discusses why a group of senior production workers from Limburg were dissatisfied with the linguistically diverse landscape that had emerged in the foundry over time, even though the foundry’s management tried to place Dutch-speaking workers in the company’s sociolinguistic norm centre. Confirming the usefulness of the landscaping metaphor, the article shows that a full consideration of diverse historical and contemporary acts of both linguistic and semiotic landscaping helps explain why these workers experienced that their position in the foundry had become peripheralised over time. In conclusion, the article calls for more attention to the complex human experience, rather than just the detection, of sociolinguistic inequalities.
Surgery on giant meningiomas in very old patients entails frequent postoperative intracranial hemorrhages and atypical histopathology
Authors: Haeren Roel H.L. , Rautalin Ilari , Schwartz Christoph , Korja Miikka , Niemelä Mika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical resection of intracranial meningiomas in patients that are 80 years old and older, i.e. very old patients, is increasingly considered. Meningiomas with a largest diameter of at least 5 cm—‘giant meningiomas’—form a distinct entity, and their surgical resection is considered more difficult and prone to complications. Here, we evaluated functional outcome, morbidity and mortality, and the prognostic value of tumor size in very old patients who underwent resection of giant supratentorial meningiomas.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiological data, functional performance (Karnofsky Performance Score), histopathological diagnosis and complications of very old patients who underwent surgery of a supratentorial meningioma at the Helsinki University Hospital between 2010 and 2018.

Results
We identified 76 very old patients, including 28 with a giant meningioma. Patients with a giant meningioma suffered from major complications more commonly than those with a non-giant meningioma (36% vs. 17%, p = 0.06), particularly from postoperative intracranial hemorrhages (ICH). At the 1-year follow-up, functional performance and mortality rate were comparable between patients with giant meningiomas and those with non-giant meningiomas. An exceptionally high rate of giant meningiomas were diagnosed as atypical meningiomas (WHO II) at an (11 out of 28 cases).

Conclusions
Giant meningioma surgery entails a high complication rate in frail, very old patients. The prevention of postoperative ICH in this specific patient group is of utmost importance. An atypical histopathology was notably frequent among very old patients with a giant meningioma, which should be taken into account when planning the surgical strategy.
A CUDA-powered method for the feature extraction and unsupervised analysis of medical images
Authors: Rundo Leonardo , Tangherloni Andrea , Cazzaniga Paolo , Mistri Matteo , Galimberti Simone , Woitek Ramona , Sala Evis , Mauri Giancarlo , Nobile Marco S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImage texture extraction and analysis are fundamental steps in computer vision. In particular, considering the biomedical field, quantitative imaging methods are increasingly gaining importance because they convey scientifically and clinically relevant information for prediction, prognosis, and treatment response assessment. In this context, radiomic approaches are fostering large-scale studies that can have a significant impact in the clinical practice. In this work, we present a novel method, called CHASM (Cuda, HAralick & SoM), which is accelerated on the graphics processing unit (GPU) for quantitative imaging analyses based on Haralick features and on the self-organizing map (SOM). The Haralick features extraction step relies upon the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, which is computationally burdensome on medical images characterized by a high bit depth. The downstream analyses exploit the SOM with the goal of identifying the underlying clusters of pixels in an unsupervised manner. CHASM is conceived to leverage the parallel computation capabilities of modern GPUs. Analyzing ovarian cancer computed tomography images, CHASM achieved up to $$\sim 19.5\times $$

∼
19.5
×

and $$\sim 37\times $$

∼
37
×

speed-up factors for the Haralick feature extraction and for the SOM execution, respectively, compared to the corresponding C++ coded sequential versions. Such computational results point out the potential of GPUs in the clinical research.