bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endarterectomy for symptomatic non-stenotic carotids: a systematic review and descriptive analysis
Authors: Larson Anthony , Nardi Valentina , Brinjikji Waleed , Benson John C , Lanzino Giuseppe , Savastano Luis 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo systematically analyse prior reports of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) performed in cases of ≤50% carotid stenosis in order to understand patient tolerance and potential benefit.MethodsA systematic review and descriptive analysis was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. An English-language search was performed of online databases using librarian-selected search terms. Abstracts were reviewed for relevance which included mention of carotid endarterectomy and stenosis. Prospective or retrospective observational cohort studies that reported series of patients who underwent endarterectomy for minimal (≤50%) luminal stenosis with reported outcomes were included.ResultsSix studies (which included our institutional series) with a total of 143 patients met the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean age at the time of CEA was 72.3 years; 113 (79.0%) were male. 55.8% of patients with available data had recurrent ipsilateral ischaemic events despite medical therapy. Two patients out of 129 with available perioperative data (1.6%) had perioperative MRI findings of acute ischaemic stroke, both within the hemisphere contralateral to the side of CEA. Of the 138 patients with available follow-up (mean, 36 months), none had recurrent ipsilateral ischaemic events.ConclusionsEndarterectomy for symptomatic carotid disease causing ≤50% stenosis may be a potentially beneficial strategy to prevent stroke recurrence. Studies with robust methodology are needed to draw more definitive conclusions in terms of the safety and efficacy of endarterectomy for minimal stenosis with vulnerable features relative to intensive medical therapy.
1,2-Dihydro-1,3,2-diazaborinine tautomer as an electron-pair donor in hydrogen-bonded complexes
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Del Bene Janet E. 
Published: July 2021

Ab initio MP2/aug’-cc-pVTZ calculations have been carried out to investigate 1,2-dihydro-1,3,2-diazaborinine:HX complexes for HX = H+, HF, HCl, H2O, HCN, NH3, HCP, and HCCH. Most complexes are stabilized by linear, traditional hydrogen bonds except for those with H2O and NH3, which have bridging structures and nonlinear hydrogen bonds. H-atom transfer from N to B can occur in complexes with HF and HCl, with formation of a traditional F–H···N bond and a proton-shared Cl···H···N bond. The binding energies of the uncharged complexes range from 25 to 88 kJ mol−1. Spin-spin coupling constants have been used to characterize these hydrogen-bonded complexes.
Search for single production of vectorlike top partners through th channel at the HE-LHC and FCC-hh
Authors: Tian Xi-Yan , Du Liu-Feng , Liu Yao-Bei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe vectorlike top partners are potential signature of some new physics beyond the Standard Model at the TeV scale. In this paper, we propose to search for the vectorlike T quark with charge 2/3 in the framework of a simplified model where the top partners only couples with the third generation of Standard Model quarks. We investigate the observability for electroweak production of a vectorlike T quark in association with a standard model bottom quark through the process $$pp \rightarrow T\bar{b}j$$

p
p
→
T

b

¯

j

with the subsequent decay mode of $$T\rightarrow t(\rightarrow b W^+\rightarrow b \ell ^{+} \nu _{\ell })h( \rightarrow \gamma \gamma )$$

T
→
t

(
→
b

W
+

→
b

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

)

h

(
→
γ
γ
)

, at the proposed High Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC) and Future Circular Collider in hadron-hadron mode (FCC-hh) including the realistic detector effects. The 95% confidence level excluded regions and the $$5\sigma $$

5
σ

discovery reach in the parameter plane of $$\kappa _{T}-m_T$$

κ
T

-

m
T

, are respectively obtained at the HE-LHC with the integrated luminosity of 15 ab$$^{-1}$$

-
1

and the FCC-hh with the integrated luminosity of 30 ab$$^{-1}$$

-
1

. We also analyze the projected sensitivity in terms of the production cross section times branching fraction at the HE-LHC and FCC-hh.
Calculation of a magnetic force acting on small superconducting celestial bodies
Authors: Tomkow Lukasz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent discoveries of superconducting phases in the samples of meteorites suggest the possibility of a natural occurrence of superconducting state in space. Superconductors are known to exhibit interesting behaviours when subjected to external magnetic fields, such as levitation. Similar force may act on a superconducting bit in space. The goal of this paper is to quantify this force and assess its effects. Several scenarios in which a superconducting bit can be produced and interact with a magnetic field in space are suggested. The force acting on a superconductor in different conditions is calculated with numerical simulations. The dependence on a magnetic flux density, its gradient, and the geometry and the properties of the superconductor are found. The empirical formulas are derived and used to calculate a magnetic force. The resultant force is extremely weak in all analysed scenarios. It is found that its strength decreases rapidly with the distance from the source of the magnetic flux. Its effect on trajectory of the superconductor is almost negligible. Some possibilities of increasing its strength and the effects are considered.
Prolactin and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hathaway Cassandra A. , Rice Megan S. , Townsend Mary K. , Hankinson Susan E. , Arslan Alan A. , Buring Julie E. , Hallmans Göran , Idahl Annika , Kubzansky Laura D. , Lee I-Min , Lundin Eva A. , Sluss Patrick M. , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Prolactin is synthesized in the ovaries and may play a role in ovarian cancer etiology. One prior prospective study observed a suggestive positive association between prolactin levels and risk of ovarian cancer.

Methods:
We conducted a pooled case–control study of 703 cases and 864 matched controls nested within five prospective cohorts. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk. We examined heterogeneity by menopausal status at blood collection, body mass index (BMI), age, and histotype.

Results:
Among women with known menopausal status, we observed a positive trend in the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.045; OR, quartile 4 vs. 1 = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.97–1.85), but no significant association was observed for premenopausal or postmenopausal women individually (corresponding OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.74–2.58; Ptrend = 0.32 and OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.93–2.13; Ptrend = 0.08, respectively; Pheterogeneity = 0.91). In stratified analyses, we observed a positive association between prolactin and risk for women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, but not BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 (corresponding OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.56–4.59; Ptrend &lt; 0.01 and OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.58–1.40; Ptrend = 0.98, respectively; Pheterogeneity &lt; 0.01). Associations did not vary by age, postmenopausal hormone therapy use, histotype, or time between blood draw and diagnosis.

Conclusions:
We found a trend between higher prolactin levels and increased ovarian cancer risk, especially among women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.

Impact:
This work supports a previous study linking higher prolactin with ovarian carcinogenesis in a high adiposity setting. Future work is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this association.
Demonstration of a Consistent Relationship between Dual-Frequency Reflectivity and the Mass-Weighted Mean Diameter in Measurements of Frozen Precipitation from GCPEX, OLYMPEX, and MC3E
Authors: Duffy George , Mcfarquhar Greg , Nesbitt Stephen W. , Bennartz Ralf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe retrieval of the mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) is a fundamental component of spaceborne precipitation retrievals. The Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite is the first satellite to use dual-wavelength ratio measurements—the quotient of radar reflectivity factors (Z) measured at Ku and Ka wavelengths—to retrieve Dm. While it is established that DWR, being theoretically insensitive to changes in ice crystal mass and concentration, can provide a superior retrieval of Dm compared to Z-based retrievals, the benefits of this retrieval have yet to be directly observed or quantified. In this study, DWR–Dm and Z–Dm relationships are empirically generated from collocated airborne radar and in situ cloud particle probe measurements. Data are collected during nine intensive observation periods (IOPs) from three experiments representing different locations and times of year. Across IOPs with varying ice crystal concentrations, cloud temperatures, and storm types, Z–Dm relationships vary considerably while the DWR–Dm relationship remains consistent. This study confirms that a DWR–Dm relationship can provide a more accurate and consistent Dm retrieval than a Z–Dm relationship, quantified by a reduced overall RMSE (0.19 and 0.25 mm, respectively) and a reduced range of biases between experiments (0.11 and 0.32 mm, respectively).
Importance of Supersaturation in Arctic Black Carbon Simulations
Authors: Matsui Hitoshi , Liu Mingxu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) aerosol particles in the Arctic heat the atmosphere and snow/ice surfaces and may strengthen the snow-albedo feedback that amplifies Arctic warming. Model simulations of BC concentrations in the Arctic depend strongly on the representation of microphysical processes such as aging, activation, and wet removal. Most BC modeling studies have classified BC particles into hydrophobic BC, which cannot form cloud droplets, and hydrophilic BC, which can form cloud droplets, by assuming a globally constant critical supersaturation threshold value (Sthre), without considering its consistency with cloud maximum supersaturation (Smax). Here we show that it is essential to consider the consistency of Sthre with Smax in global model simulations to reduce uncertainties in near-surface ambient BC concentrations in the Arctic. Previous studies often obtained good agreement between simulated and observed near-surface Arctic BC mass concentrations when a low Sthre (~0.1%) was assumed in their models. However, this Sthre may be too low (activation and wet removal of BC may be underestimated) for the Arctic, because some recent observations and our model simulations suggest that Smax may actually be higher (~0.3%) there. We also demonstrate that spatially varying Sthre values and their consistency with Smax, which previous studies did not consider, must be represented in models for more accurate estimation of BC budget in the Arctic. Because both Smax and BC-aging speed depend on climatic conditions, our findings are an important step toward better simulations of BC impacts on past, present, and future Arctic climates.
Comparisons of IMERG Version 06 Precipitation At and Between Passive Microwave Overpasses in the Tropics
Authors: Rajagopal Manikandan , Zipser Edward , Huffman George , Russell James , Tan Jackson 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (IMERG) is a global precipitation product that uses precipitation retrievals from the virtual constellation of satellites with passive microwave (PMW) sensors, as available. In the absence of PMW observations, IMERG uses a Kalman filter scheme to morph precipitation from one PMW observation to the next. In this study, an analysis of convective systems observed during the Convective Process Experiment (CPEX) suggests that IMERG precipitation depends more strongly on the availability of PMW observations than previously suspected. Following this evidence, we explore systematic biases in IMERG through bulk statistics.In two CPEX case studies, cloud photographs, pilot’s radar, and infrared imagery suggest that IMERG represents the spatial extent of precipitation relatively well when there is a PMW observation but sometimes produces spurious precipitation areas in the absence of PMW observations. Also, considering an observed convective system as a precipitation object in IMERG, the maximum rain rate peaked during PMW overpasses, with lower values between them. Bulk statistics reveal that these biases occur throughout IMERG Version 06. We find that locations and times without PMW observations have a higher frequency of light precipitation rates and a lower frequency of heavy precipitation rates due to retrieval artifacts. These results reveal deficiencies in the IMERG Kalman Filter scheme, which have led to the development of the Scheme for Histogram Adjustment with Ranked Precipitation Estimates in the Neighborhood (SHARPEN; described in a companion paper) that will be applied in the next version of IMERG.
Rendezvous Under Temporal Uncertainty
Authors: Patton Colleen E. , Wickens Christopher D. , Noble Kayla M. , Clegg Benjamin A. , Smith C. A. P. 
Published: July 2021

Objective Three experiments sought to understand performance limitations in controlling a ship attempting to meet another moving ship that approached from various trajectories. The influence of uncertainty, resulting from occasional unpredictable delays in one’s own movement, was examined. Background Cognitive elements of rendezvous have been little studied. Related work such as the planning fallacy and bias toward underestimating time-to-contact imply a tendency toward late arrival at a rendezvous. Methods In a simplified simulation, participants controlled the speed and/or heading of their own ship once per scenario to try to rendezvous with another ship. Forty-five scenarios of approximately 30 s were conducted with different starting geometries and, in two of three experiments, with different frequencies and lengths of the unexpected delays. Results Perfect rendezvous were hard to obtain, with a general tendency to arrive late and pass behind the target vessel, although this was dependent on the angle of approach and relative speed. When occasional delays were introduced, less frequent but longer delays disrupted performance more than shorter but more frequent delays. Where delays were possible, but no delay occurred, there was no longer evidence of a general tendency to more frequently pass behind the target ship. Additionally, people did not wait to see if the unpredictable delays would occur before executing a course of action. Different control strategies were deployed and dual axis control was preferred. Conclusions The tendency to arrive late and the influence of the possibility of uncertain delays are discussed in relationship to control strategies.
A Teaching Innovation Project on Writing Critical Essays in a History of Psychology Course
Authors: Granado-Peinado Miriam , Huertas Juan Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Background Since its integration into the European Higher Education Area, the Spanish educational system has evolved, introducing innovations into university teaching methodologies. This new approach entails the development of capacities, competencies, and skills that enable students to develop their critical thinking. Objective This work aims to present an innovation project conducted in a History of Psychology course, part of the Degree in Psychology in the Spanish university system. Method The current study was launched to evaluate the effectiveness of the Teaching Innovation Project, which itself arose from the need for students to improve their critical essay writing skills, incorporating such evidence-based methodologies as explicit instructions, online platforms, collaborative peer work, and rubrics. Results A comparison of outcomes among three cohorts showed a marked improvement in student performance on critical essays and final exam scores after implementing new methodologies. Conclusion It is possible to improve students’ critical essay writing skills in the context of the History of Psychology through the intentional implementation of evidence-based practices, changing the pedagogical focus from teacher-centered to student-centered. Teaching implications Psychology instructors who teach courses with writing skill development as a course goal could consider incorporating elements of the Teaching Innovation Project program.
The Association Between Presenting Visual Impairment, Health, and Employment Status
Authors: McDonnall Michele C. , McKnight Zhen S. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual impairment and correctable visual impairment (i.e., uncorrected refractive errors) on being out of the labor force and on unemployment. The effect of health on labor force status was also investigated. Method: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2008 ( N = 15,650) was used for this study. Participants were classified into three vision status groups: normal, correctable visual impairment, and visual impairment. Statistical analyses utilized were chi-square and logistic regression. Results: Having a visual impairment was significantly associated with being out of the labor force, while having a correctable visual impairment was not. Conversely, having a correctable visual impairment was associated with unemployment, while having a visual impairment was not. Being out of the labor force was not significantly associated with health for those with a visual impairment, although it was for those with correctable visual impairments and normal vision. Discussion: Given previous research, it was surprising to find that health was not associated with being out of the labor force for those with visual impairments. Perhaps other disadvantages for the people with visual impairments identified in this study contributed to their higher out-of-the-labor-force rates regardless of health. Implications for practitioners: Researchers utilizing national data sets that rely on self-reports to identify visual impairments should realize that some of those who self-identify as being visually impaired may actually have correctable visual impairments. Current research is needed to understand why a majority of people with visual impairments are not seeking employment and have removed themselves from the labor force.
Psychometric Properties of WISC-IV Verbal Scales: A Study of Students in China Who Are Blind
Authors: Chen Xiaomeng , Lu Minghui , Bu Wenfeng , Wang Li , Wang Yuru , Xu Yulin , Zhong Mingbo 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Numerous studies have investigated the use of Wechsler tests on individuals with visual impairments. However, few studies have examined the utilization of the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) for such individuals. This study investigated the reliability and validity of the WISC-IV Verbal Scales’ (i.e., the Verbal Comprehension Index [VCI] and the Working Memory Index [WMI]) scores for children with blindness in China. Methods: One hundred children with blindness were assessed using the Chinese version of the WISC-IV Verbal and Nonverbal Cognitive Development Scales. Results: The results of this study generally support the internal consistency reliability and validity of WISC-IV Verbal Scale scores for Chinese children who are blind. The split-half reliability coefficients ranged from .79 to .97, while Cronbach’s alpha or KR-20 (KR-20 is a measure of internal consistency reliability for measures with dichotomous choices) reliability coefficients ranged from .83 to .97. In terms of construct validity through exploratory factor analysis, the subtests of the WISC-IV Verbal Scale were confirmed to belong to VCI or the WMI as intended by the original structure of the WISC-IV. The convergent validity showed that the VCI and WMI scores were moderately and positively correlated with the Nonverbal Cognitive Development Scale. Discussion: The WISC-IV VCI and WMI were found to be valuable instruments for assessing the cognitive abilities of students in China with blindness. Finally, the limitations and significance of the study were also discussed. Implications for practitioners: The WISC-IV Verbal Scales may be used to assess the cognitive abilities of the numerous students in China who are blind and may be used as one of many tests to provide reference information for educational placement, educational planning, employment, and project evaluation.
Yellow Fever’s Historical Lessons for COVID-19: International Interventions and Disease Control in Early Twentieth-century Ecuador and Guatemala
Authors: Carey David 
Published: July 2021

Throughout tropical urban Latin America, yellow fever wreaked havoc. Located at sea level, Guayaquil (Ecuador) and Puerto Barrios (Guatemala) were particularly susceptible to yellow fever; yet, Ecuadorians and Guatemalans enjoyed significant success in early twentieth-century campaigns against yellow fever. Reflecting international efforts that informed, collaborated with, and at times underwrote Latin American public health campaigns, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) sent representatives to Guatemala and Ecuador in the mid-1910s to eradicate yellow fever. While those interventions enjoyed immediate success, the long-term effects were more ambiguous. By collaborating with RF, Ecuador had all but eradicated yellow fever by 1919. In Guatemala, however, a few months after RF declared Guatemala free of yellow fever, influenza struck, likely originating from US military camps in Guatemala that RF sought to shield from yellow fever.  Analysis of early twentieth-century yellow fever epidemics and campaigns to arrest them sheds light on COVID-19 pandemic challenges. Even as knowledge of disease etiology was evolving in Ecuador and Guatemala, most leaders accepted or at least did not publicly reject scientific medicine. In contrast, beginning with the most powerful politicians and filtering down throughout federal, state, and municipal authorities, many US leaders rejected science crucial to the campaigns against COVID-19. Similarly, in a pattern that resonates with US residents rejecting precautionary measures against COVID-19 such as wearing masks and maintaining social distance, compliance with anti-yellow fever campaigns was not always forthcoming.