bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proline metabolism and redox; maintaining a balance in health and disease
Authors: Vettore Lisa A. , Westbrook Rebecca L. , Tennant Daniel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProline is a non-essential amino acid with key roles in protein structure/function and maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. It is available from dietary sources, generated de novo within cells, and released from protein structures; a noteworthy source being collagen. Its catabolism within cells can generate ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent findings suggest that proline biosynthesis and catabolism are essential processes in disease; not only due to the role in new protein synthesis as part of pathogenic processes but also due to the impact of proline metabolism on the wider metabolic network through its significant role in redox homeostasis. This is particularly clear in cancer proliferation and metastatic outgrowth. Nevertheless, the precise identity of the drivers of cellular proline catabolism and biosynthesis, and the overall cost of maintaining appropriate balance is not currently known. In this review, we explore the major drivers of proline availability and consumption at a local and systemic level with a focus on cancer. Unraveling the main factors influencing proline metabolism in normal physiology and disease will shed light on new effective treatment strategies.
How geographic and climatic factors affect the adaptation of Douglas-fir provenances to the temperate continental climate zone in Europe
Authors: Niemczyk Marzena , Chmura Daniel J. , Socha Jarosław , Wojda Tomasz , Mroczek Piotr , Gil Wojciech , Thomas Barb R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe contribution of Douglas-fir (Df) to European forests is likely to increase as the species is a potential adaptation option to climate change. In this study, we investigated growth and survival of Df seed sources to fill a knowledge gap regarding recommendations for the future use of Df provenances in Poland. Our experimental test site represents the most continental climate among all Df trials installed in the IUFRO 1966–67 test series in Europe. At this unique single site, we evaluated the performance of 46 Df provenances from North America, and nine local landraces of unknown origin. Repeated measurements of tree diameter, height, and volume were analysed, to age 48, representing integrated responses to geographic and climatic conditions. Significant variation in survival and productivity-related traits were found, with the interior Df provenances performing best, in contrast to previous European reports. The higher survivability and volume of the interior provenances resulted from their superior frost resistance. The low precipitation seasonality at the location of seed origin provided an additional advantage to the trees at the test site. Geographic and climatic factors of seed origin explained most of the variation in productivity (77 and 64%, respectively). The tested landraces exhibited diverse performance, implying that naturalized local seed sources in Poland need improvement and perhaps enrichment with new genetic material from North America, while considering geography and climate. Assisted migration programs should consider the limitations imposed by both frost and drought events in guiding future Df selections for continental climates. Further field testing, early greenhouse screening and DNA testing are also recommended.
Taut contact hyperbolas on three-manifolds
Authors: Perrone Domenico 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the notion of taut contact hyperbola on three-manifolds. It is the hyperbolic analogue of the taut contact circle notion introduced by Geiges and Gonzalo (Invent. Math., 121: 147–209, 1995), (J. Differ. Geom., 46: 236–286, 1997). Then, we characterize and study this notion, exhibiting several examples, and emphasizing differences and analogies between taut contact hyperbolas and taut contact circles. Moreover, we show that taut contact hyperbolas are related to some classic notions existing in the literature. In particular, it is related to the notion of conformally Anosov flow, to the critical point condition for the Chern–Hamilton energy functional and to the generalized Finsler structures introduced by R. Bryant. Moreover, taut contact hyperbolas are related to the bi-contact metric structures introduced in D. Perrone (Ann. Global Anal. Geom., 52: 213–235, 2017).
„Die denken immer, man ist ein Killer“ – Reaktionsweisen von Schlachthofarbeitern auf moralische Stigmatisierung
Authors: Sebastian Marcel 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungSchlachthofarbeit hat einen schlechten Ruf und viele Schlachter erfahren moralische Stigmatisierung, obwohl Fleischkonsum die dominante Ernährungsform westlicher Gesellschaften ist. Moralische Stigmatisierung von Schlachthofarbeitern wurde bisher nicht systematisch untersucht. Der Artikel beantwortet die Forschungsfragen, welche Strategien des Umgangs mit moralischer Stigmatisierung sich unter Schlachthofarbeitern finden und wie sie sich zu hegemonialen Erzählungen zu ihrem Beruf verhalten. Der theoretische Rahmen des Artikels basiert auf soziologischen Theorien zu Kultur, Stigma unddirty work. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurden 13 problemzentrierte Interviews mit Arbeitern aus sechs deutschen Schlachthöfen mittels Qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Analyse ergab, dass Schlachter auf moralische Stigmatisierung reagieren, indem sie diejenigen kulturellen Ideen, die der Stigmatisierung zugrunde liegen, infrage stellen und für die Gültigkeit der eigenen kulturellen Ideen über „Schlachttiere“ argumentieren. Ferner nutzen die interviewten Schlachthofarbeiter starre Gruppengrenzen, um die Autorität externer Akteure zur Urteilsbildung über Schlachthofarbeit zu delegitimieren. Der Artikel ist innovativ, da er erstmals systematisch die Reaktionsweisen von Schlachthofarbeitern auf moralische Stigmatisierung untersucht.
Characterization of an Axial-Injection Plasma Spray Torch
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan , Mauer Georg , Rauwald Karl-Heinz , Schein Jochen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Axial III™ torch is a multiple-arc plasma generator with a set of three single cathode–anode units, which is still of significant importance, especially in the field of suspension plasma spraying. The division of the plasma generator into three spatially separated systems allows for central feedstock injection with improved deposition rates and efficiencies. In this work, several diagnostic methods were applied to characterize the plasma jet of an Axial III™ spray torch to further the understanding of this spray system. One important result was that the plasma temperature in the jet exhibits a triple distribution with three straight lobes arranged around the jet axis. As with every plasma torch, the total plasma power is subject to fast temporal variations. Power variations were clearly seen in the plasma jet even though it could have been anticipated that the triple jet characteristics and the natural fluctuations of the arcs generated by the three single cathode–anode units would be less pronounced after merging the three plasma streams. Unaffected by this it is nevertheless likely that the axially injected feedstock particles are caged effectively in the core of the plasma jet. Hence, the total electrical torch power and the uniformity of the single unit’s powers must be monitored to realize possible degradation and asymmetries in the plasma temperature distribution, which may influence deposition parameters.
Spatially differentiated changes in regional climate and underlying drivers in southwestern China
Authors: Wang Meng , Jiang Chao , Sun Osbert Jianxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe climate in Southwest China are predominantly under the influences of three contrasting climate systems, namely the East Asian monsoon, the South Asian monsoon, and the westerlies. However, it is unclear if the diversified climate systems, in combination with the complex terrain and varying vegetation types, would result in contrasting patterns of changes in climate across the region. Based on the CRU TS data for the period 1901−2017, we examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of the regional climate, and identified types of climate change patterns and drivers. Overall, the region experienced significant increases in annual mean temperature during 1901−2017, with occurrence of a significant turning point in 1954 for a more pronounced warming (0.16 °C/10 a). The annual precipitation fluctuated greatly over the study period without apparent trend, albeit the occurrence of a significant turning point in 1928 for a slight increase in the later period (1.19 mm/10 a). Spatially the multi-year averages of selective climate variables during 1901–2017 displayed a trend of decreases from southeast to northwest, but with increasing variability. We identified five major climate change types across the study region, including warmer (T+), drier (P−), warmer-drier (T+P−), warmer-wetter (T+P+), and no significant changes (NSC). The type T+P+ mainly occurred in the western parts over the plateau sub-frigid semiarid ecozone (77.0%) and the plateau sub-frigid semihumid ecozone (19.9%). The central parts of the region are characterized by the type T+, corresponding to six ecozones, including the mid-subtropical humid ecozone (33.1%), the plateau temperate humid-semihumid ecozone (28.8%), the plateau sub-rigid semihumid ecozone (9.5%), the southern subtropical humid ecozone (8.1%), the plateau sub-frigid arid ecozone (7.3%), and the plateau temperate semiarid ecozone (6.6%). No significant change in climate was detected for the eastern parts over the mid-subtropical humid ecozone (67.3%), the plateau temperate humid and semihumid ecozone (19.5%) and the plateau sub-frigid semihumid ecozone (8.8%). The types P− and T+P− together accounted for less than 5% of the entire study region, which predominantly occurred in central Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and south of the southeastern Xizang, corresponding predominantly to the mid-subtropical humid ecozone. Across the region and within the zonal climate change types, vegetation and topography both played a significant role in determining the climate variability and magnitude of changes. Our results suggest that the southwestern China experienced intensified influences of the southeasterly monsoon and the southerly monsoon in the regional climate, while the westerly alpine influences subsided; topography and vegetation affected the magnitudes of the directional changes in climate at a local scale.
Completeness: From Husserl to Carnap
Authors: Aranda Víctor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn hisDoppelvortrag(1901), Edmund Husserl introduced two concepts of “definiteness” which have been interpreted as a vindication of his role in the history of completeness. Some commentators defended that the meaning of these notions should be understood as categoricity, while other scholars believed that it is closer to syntactic completeness. A detailed study of the early twentieth-century axiomatics and Husserl’sDoppelvortragshows, however, that many concepts of completeness were conflated as equivalent. Although “absolute definiteness” was principally an attempt to characterize non-extendible manifolds and axiom systems (different from Hilbert’s axiom of completeness), an absolutely definite theory has a unique model and, thus, it is non-forkable and semantically complete (decidable). Non-forkability and decidability were formally delimited by Fraenkel and Carnap almost three decades later and, in fact, they mentioned Husserl as precursor of the latter. Therefore, this paper contributes to a reassessment of Husserl’s place in the history of logic.
Towards a Standard Approach to Assess Tibial Bone Loss Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Anijs Thomas , Kouwert Ilse , Verdonschot Nico , Janssen Dennis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong-term implant failure in the form of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic fracture is the most common cause of revision procedures in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While early loosening can often be attributed to failure of primary fixation, late implant failure could be associated with loss of fixation secondary to bone resorption, as a result of stress shielding in the proximal tibia. This current review study was performed to identify the clinical effects of different implant-, patient-, and surgery-related biomechanical factors on TKA-related tibial bone loss in clinical reality. Implant-related factors considered were the fixation method, and the implant type, geometry, and stiffness. In terms of patient characteristics, the effects of age, sex, knee alignment, bone density, body weight, and activity level were analyzed. The clinical literature on these topics mostly concerned longitudinal radiographic studies investigating the effect of a single factor on changes in the proximal tibia over time using bone densitometry. Implant stiffness, implant geometry and knee alignment were the only factors consistently found to affect regional bone density changes over time. Each clinical study used its own specific study design, with different definitions used for the baseline density, time points of baseline and follow-up measurements, and regions of interest. Due to the differences in study design, direct comparison between the clinical impact of different biomechanical factors was not possible. Based on the findings over the densitometry studies, a standardized guideline was proposed to allow reliable comparison between consistently reported outcome of future radiographic TKA studies.
Cognitive interference processing in adults with childhood craniopharyngioma using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Svärd Daniel , Follin Cecilia , Fjalldal Sigridur , Hellerstedt Robin , Mannfolk Peter , Mårtensson Johan , Sundgren Pia , Erfurth Eva Marie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess cognitive interference processing in adults with childhood craniopharyngioma (CP), with and without hypothalamic injury, respectively, in terms of behavioral performance and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity, using the multi-source interference task (MSIT).

Methods
Twenty-eight CP patients (median age 34.5 [29.0–39.5] years) were investigated at median 20.5 (16.3–28.8) years after treatment with surgical resection and in some cases additional radiotherapy (n = 10) and compared to 29 matched controls (median age 37.0 [32.5–42.0] years). The subjects performed the MSIT during fMRI acquisition and behavioral performance in terms of response times (ms) and accuracy performance (%) were recorded.

Results
The MSIT activated the cingulo-fronto-parietal (CFP) attention network in both CP patients and controls. No differences were found in behavioral performance nor fMRI activity between CP patients (interference effect 333.9 [287.3–367.1] ms and 3.1 [1.6–5.6]%, respectively) and controls (309.1 [276.4–361.0] ms and 2.6 [1.6–4.9]%). No differences were found in behavioral performance nor fMRI activity between the two subgroups with (332.0 [283.6–353.4] ms and 4.2 [2.3–5.7]%, respectively) and without hypothalamic injury (355.7 [293.7–388.7] ms and 2.1 [1.0–5.2]%, respectively), respectively, and controls.

Conclusion
Adults with childhood CP performed cognitive interference processing equally well as controls and demonstrated no compensatory fMRI activity in the CFP attention network compared to controls. This was also true for the two subgroups with and without hypothalamic injury. The results can be useful to better characterize this condition, and to optimize treatment and support for these individuals.
Longitudinal Study of the Psychosocial Effects of Political Participation by Children: the ‘Ágora Infantil’ Programme
Authors: Albornoz-Manyoma Nazly Guiselly , García-Leiva Patricia , Palacios-Gálvez María Soledad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of participation-based democratic innovations on psychological empowerment and group identification of children. To do so, it analyses the impact on the participants of a participatory democracy programme for groups of schoolchildren, ‘Ágora Infantil’ (AI). Evaluation is performed via a longitudinal study carried out over two years, with pre and post quantitative measurements of the target and control group. The sample consisted of 182 boys and girls. The data were gathered via a questionnaire made up of items prepared by a group of experts for the current study based on Zimmerman’s empowerment theory (American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581–599, 1995, 2000). Items were also taken from other authors, for example affective links, which were used as an indicator to measure group identification (Gaviria et al. International Journal of Social Psychology, 30(3), 531–562, 2015). The results show that institutional political participation generates positive changes in the participants. More specifically, the children improved in the two components of psychological empowerment (intrapersonal and interactional), with an intensification of relationship links with the group (the class). These findings demonstrate the political and psychosocial importance of these participatory innovations being introduced and their medium-term effects.
Efficacy of a Ready-to-Drink Gelled Water and of a Thickening Powder in Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: a Crossover Randomized Study
Authors: Salle Jean-Yves , Tchalla Achille , Thirion Remy , Offret Annick , Dussaulx Laurence , Trivin Florence , Gayot Caroline , Fayemendy Philippe , Jésus Pierre , Bonhomme Cécile , Hazart Etienne , Baudry Charlotte , Desport Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2021

AbstractManagement of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is mainly based on modifying liquid viscosity and solid consistency in order to preserve oral feeding while avoiding unsafe swallowing. Adding thickening powders (TP) to water is the most common practice in patients suffering from OD to liquids, but ready-to-use gelled waters (RGW) can also be proposed. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a RGW and a TP on swallowing in hospitalized patients with different OD etiologies. This open, crossover, multicenter trial recruited thirty hospitalized patients with OD to liquids, confirmed by positive 3-ounce water test or positive Practical Aspiration Screening Scheme test. The patient’s ability to swallow 120 g of a RGW (IDDSI level 4) and a drink prepared with TP (nectar viscosity; NTP, 291 cP, IDDSI level 2; or if necessary, honey; HTP, 769 cP, IDDSI level 3) was evaluated in a random order at 1- to 3-day intervals. The main criterion was the efficacy of each product, defined as the proportion of patients who successfully swallowed without immediate reflexive cough. The RGW and TP were successfully swallowed in respectively 93.3% (95% CI: 77.9–99.2) and 82.8% (95% CI: 64.2–94.2) of patients with different dysphagia etiologies (stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, or aging) and unable to swallow thin water. Taste and texture of both study products were well appreciated by patients, with a preference for the RGW over TP. Therefore, the use of these thickened products could be part of the therapeutic strategy for patients with OD to liquids.
Research on the impact of ship traffic flow on the restricted channel segment of the middle Yangtze River based on traffic wave theory
Authors: Liu Ting , Lodewijks Gabriel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Abstract
On the basis of the influence of dry season on ship traffic flow, the gathering and dissipating process of ship traffic flow was researched with Greenshields linear flow—density relationship model, the intrinsic relationship between the ship traffic congestion state and traffic wave in the unclosed restricted channel segment was emphatically explored when the ship traffic flow in a tributary channel inflows, and the influence law of multiple traffic waves on the ship traffic flow characteristics in unclosed restricted segment is revealed. On this basis, the expressions of traffic wave speed and direction, dissipation time of queued ships and the number of ships affected were provided, and combined with Monte Carlo method, the ship traffic flow simulation model in the restricted channel segment was built. The simulation results show that in closed restricted channel segment the dissipation time of ships queued is mainly related to the ship traffic flow rate of segments A and C, and the total number of ships affected to the ship traffic flow rate of segment A. And in unclosed restricted channel segment, the dissipation time and the total number of ships affected are also determined by the meeting time of the traffic waves in addition to the ship traffic flow rate of segments. The research results can provide the theoretical support for further studying the ship traffic flow in unclosed restricted channel segment with multiple tributaries

Article Highlights

The inflow of tributaries' ship traffic flows has an obvious impact on the traffic conditions in the unenclosed restricted
channel segment.

The interaction and influence between multiple ship traffic waves and the mechanism of generating new traffic waves are
explained.

The expression of both dissipation time of queued ships and the total number of ships affected in the closed and unclosed
restricted channel segment are given.
Mechanism of interactions between α-conotoxin RegIIA and carbohydrates at the human α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Zheng Meiling , Tae Han-Shen , Xue Liang , Jiang Tao , Yu Rilei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConotoxins are marine peptide toxins from marine cone snails. The α-conotoxin RegIIA can selectively act on human (h) α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and is an important lead for drug development. The high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the α3β4 nAChR demonstrates several carbohydrates are located near the orthosteric binding sites, which may affect α-conotoxin binding. Oligosaccharide chains can modify the physical and chemical properties of proteins by changing the conformation, hydrophobicity, quality and size of the protein. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of oligosaccharide chains on the binding modes and activities of RegIIA and its derivatives at hα3β4 nAChRs. Through computational simulations, we designed and synthesized RegIIA mutants at position 14 to explore the importance of residue H14 to the activity of the peptide. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the oligosaccharide chains affect the binding of RegIIA at the hα3β4 nAChR through direct interactions with H14 and by affecting the C-loop conformation of the binding sites. Electrophysiology studies on H14 analogues suggest that in addition to forming direct interactions with the carbohydrates, the residue might play an important role in maintaining the conformation of the peptide. Overall, this study further clarifies the structure–activity relationship of α-conotoxin RegIIA at the hα3β4 nAChR and, also provides important experimental and theoretical basis for the development of new peptide drugs.