bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Expression of PTPN-14 and Wilms’ Tumor 1 as Putative Biomarker for Locoregional Recurrence in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nayak Seema , Bhatt Madan Lal Brahma , Goel Madhu Mati , Gupta Seema , Mehrotra Divya , Mahdi Abbas Ali , Mishra Anupam 
Published: June 2021

Objective Locoregional recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major concern that leads to metastasis. Its detection at earliest stage is very important to increase the overall survival of the patient. There is no any biomarker for locoregional recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to find a biomarker for locoregional recurrence in tissue and serum at gene and protein level.
Methods This work studied the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 14 (PTPN-14) and Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT-1) in patients and correlated their expression with locoregional recurrence and survival. Tissue expression was observed in formalin fixed tissue biopsies of 96 OSCC and 32 healthy controls by immunohistochemistry using antibody against PTPN-14 and WT-1 and serum level was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy samples. mRNA expression was determined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients were followed for 3 years for locoregional recurrence.
Results Expression of PTPN-14 and WT-1 in OSCC was upregulated (aberrant) in tissue and sera in both gene and protein level as compared with healthy controls. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 10 (23.80%) patients and significantly associated with PTPN-14 (p < 0.047) and WT-1 expression (p < 0.031).
Conclusion PTPN-14 and WT-1 may be used as biomarker to identify patients for higher risk of locoregional recurrence. This study drove molecular aspect and phenotypic level to derive new emergent strategies in future for recurrent OSCC.
Experiment investigation on pulsed gamma-ray fluence rate effect on Yb-doped yttrium aluminum garnet scintillator
Authors: Zhang Kan , Hu Huasi , Song Zhaohui , Han Hetong , Guan Xingyin , Lu Yi , Chen Xiang , Yi Yicheng 
Published: June 2021

As an ultrafast inorganic scintillator, Yb-doped Y3Al5O12 [yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)] crystals have potential applications in various fields, such as ultrafast radiation detection, solar neutrino detection, pulsed radiation imaging, and nuclear reaction kinetics diagnosis. In this work, the fluence rate effect of pulsed γ rays on the Yb:YAG scintillation crystal was investigated at the “QiangGuang-I” facility. The experiment results show that the fluence rate linear response upper limit of the Yb:YAG crystal is about 9.1 × 1018 MeV cm−2 s−1. The Yb:YAG crystal changed from colorless to yellow, and the relative light output decreased to 63% of its initial value after the irradiations, which were attributed to the radiation induced damage. It is deduced that oxygen vacancies and divalent Yb cations were generated after the irradiations.
Structural, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and dielectric study of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics synthesized with precursors obtained by the sol–gel method and doped with lanthanum
Authors: Serralta-Macías J. J. , Calderón-Piñar F. , García Zaldivar O. , Olguín D. , Yáñez-Limón J. M. 
Published: June 2021

This study examines the ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and dielectric properties of La-doped bismuth sodium titanate ceramics Bi0.5Na0.51−xLaxTiO3 (BNLT), using amounts of 0–6.7 at. % La. The precursor powders used to make dense BNLT ceramics were obtained via the sol–gel method using the acetic acid route. All samples were calcined at 700 °C for 1 h and sintered at 1150 °C for 30 min in an encapsulated crucible to avoid Na and Bi volatilization yielding relative densities equal to or higher than 94%. The obtained x-ray diffraction patterns, typical of the perovskite structure, confirm the incorporation of lanthanum into the lattice, which evolved from a rhombohedral phase to a mixture of rhombohedral and cubic structures at higher concentrations. The thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that the crystallization of precursor powders of BNT takes place between 500 and 700 °C. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy micrographs reveal a decrease in grain size from 4.5 to 0.5 µm with increasing La content. The ferroelectric hysteresis curves show that the best ferroelectric properties were obtained for BNT 1.3% La, where the obtained values of remnant polarization and coercive field were Pr = 29 µC/cm2 and Ec = 39 kV/cm, respectively. At this concentration, the pyroelectric response shows a higher value, four times higher than the pyroelectric signal of pure BNT.
Few-electron atoms with linear Bohr–Sommerfeld electron paths
Authors: Persson Rasmus A X 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With a pedagogical aim suited for the upper-division undergraduate, we apply the old quantum theory (pre-Schrödinger) to the study of many-electron atomic species. We eschew the typical picture with circular atomic Bohr orbits of non-zero angular momentum and instead consider the electrons to be ‘bouncing’ along straight lines on the nucleus. Abandoning the circular orbits of Bohr comes at the cost of a meanfield approximation but at the gain of a physically correct (vanishing) electron angular momentum for the first four elements. The Bohr–Sommerfeld meanfield (or perturbation) calculations, of which we present a variety of increasing numerical complexity, generally give results accurate to within a few percent. For He, also excited states are calculated and these results quickly converge on the exact values already for the first excited state. The main source of error in the semiclassical calculation with respect to the exact results is traced to the neglect of the Pauli principle, since it is virtually present only for the singlet ground-state but not the lowest triplet state.
Characteristics of parametric spin waves in rectangular magnonic blocks
Authors: Hwang S , Yoon Seungha , Kim B R , Han S H , Cho B K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The characteristics of parametric spin-wave pumping are investigated in three rectangular permalloy blocks with in-plane aspect ratios of 12, 6, and 4. Micro-Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectroscopy is utilized to detect the intrinsic properties of excited spin waves under various excitation conditions of an external magnetic field and microwave power. Based on the theoretical dispersion relation and BLS intensity and its spatial profile, the parametric spin wave with a frequency of

f

sw

=

5

.6 GHz

is found to be excited in fundamental mode in a block of largest aspect ratio while the other block have higher-order or edge-localized modes along the width direction. The data shows that the nature of spin waves is quite sensitive on the conditions of sample geometry, applied field and microwave power. Thus, with the appropriate combination of the three parameters, it would be possible to control the nature of spin wave in each block simultaneously, which increase the blocks’ potential in magnonic applications, such as spin-logic and interferometer.
Experimental signature of quantum turbulence in velocity spectra?
Authors: Salort J , Chillà F , Rusaouën E , Roche P-E , Gibert M , Moukharski I , Braslau A , Daviaud F , Gallet B , Saw E-W , Dubrulle B , Diribarne P , Rousset B , Mardion M Bon , Moro J-P , Girard A , Baudet C , L’vov V , Golov A , Nazarenko S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Velocity measurements in turbulent superfluid helium between co-rotating propellers are reported. The parameters are chosen such that the flow is fully turbulent, and its dissipative scales are partly resolved by the velocity sensors. This allows for the first experimental comparison of spectra in quantum versus classical turbulence where dissipative scales are resolved. In some specific conditions, differences are observed, with an excess of energy at small scales in the quantum case compared to the classical one. This difference is consistent with the prediction of a pileup of superfluid kinetic energy at the bottom of the inertial cascade of turbulence due to a specific dissipation mechanism.
Flavonoids and saponins in plant rhizospheres: roles, dynamics, and the potential for agriculture
Authors: Sugiyama Akifumi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Plants are in constant interaction with a myriad of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere, an area of soil in close contact with plant roots. Recent research has highlighted the importance of plant-specialized metabolites (PSMs) in shaping and modulating the rhizosphere microbiota; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and function of the microbiota mostly remain unaddressed. Flavonoids and saponins are a group of PSMs whose biosynthetic pathways have largely been revealed. Although these PSMs are abundantly secreted into the rhizosphere and exert various functions, the secretion mechanisms have not been clarified. This review summarizes the roles of flavonoids and saponins in the rhizosphere with a special focus on interactions between plants and the rhizosphere microbiota. Furthermore, this review introduces recent advancements in the dynamics of these metabolites in the rhizosphere and indicates potential applications of PSMs for crop production and discusses perspectives in this emerging research field.
A Bayesian nonparametric model for classification of longitudinal profiles
Authors: Gaskins Jeremy T , Fuentes Claudio , De La Cruz Rolando 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Across several medical fields, developing an approach for disease classification is an important challenge. The usual procedure is to fit a model for the longitudinal response in the healthy population, a different model for the longitudinal response in the diseased population, and then apply Bayes’ theorem to obtain disease probabilities given the responses. Unfortunately, when substantial heterogeneity exists within each population, this type of Bayes classification may perform poorly. In this article, we develop a new approach by fitting a Bayesian nonparametric model for the joint outcome of disease status and longitudinal response, and then we perform classification through the clustering induced by the Dirichlet process. This approach is highly flexible and allows for multiple subpopulations of healthy, diseased, and possibly mixed membership. In addition, we introduce an Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling scheme that facilitates the assessment of the inference and prediction capabilities of our model. Finally, we demonstrate the method by predicting pregnancy outcomes using longitudinal profiles on the human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit hormone levels in a sample of Chilean women being treated with assisted reproductive therapy.
Maternal Age at First Childbirth and Geographical Variation in Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence in Cameroon: Important Role of Mother-to-Child Transmission
Authors: Moutchia Jude , Njouom Richard , Rumpler Eva , Besombes Camille , Texier Gaëtan , Tejiokem Mathurin , Crépey Pascal , Fontanet Arnaud , Shimakawa Yusuke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection varies geographically around the world. Yet, its underlying mechanisms are unknown. Using a nationally representative population-based sample from all 58 administrative divisions in Cameroon, we examined the association between median maternal age at first childbirth in a preceding generation, a proxy for the frequency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV in a region, and the risk of chronic HBV infection, defined as positive surface antigen (HBsAg), in the index generation.

Methods
We estimated a division-specific median maternal age at first childbirth using Demographic Health Surveys (DHSs) conducted in 1991, 1998, 2004, and 2011. We tested HBsAg in 2011 DHS participants. We used maps to display spatial variation.

Results
In 14 150 participants (median age, 27 years; 51% females), the overall weighted prevalence of HBsAg was 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0 to 12.8), with a wide geographical variation across the divisions (range, 6.3%–23.7%). After adjusting for confounders and spatial dependency, lower maternal age at first childbirth was significantly associated with positive HBsAg at the division level (β, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.52) and at the individual level (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.39). A similar ecological correlation was observed across other African countries.

Conclusions
The significant association between the maternal age at first childbirth and HBsAg positivity suggests a crucial role of MTCT in maintaining high HBV endemicity in some areas in Cameroon. This underlines an urgent need to effectively prevent MTCT in sub-Saharan Africa.
AIM2-driven inflammasome activation in heart failure
Authors: Onódi Zsófia , Ruppert Mihály , Kucsera Dániel , Sayour Alex Ali , Tóth Viktória E , Koncsos Gábor , Novák Julianna , Brenner Gábor B , Makkos András , Baranyai Tamás , Giricz Zoltán , Görbe Anikó , Leszek Przemyslaw , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Horváth Iván G , Schulz Rainer , Merkely Béla , Ferdinandy Péter , Radovits Tamás , Varga Zoltán V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important pathogenic factor in cardiovascular diseases including chronic heart failure (HF). The CANTOS trial highlighted that inflammasomes as primary sources of IL-1 β are promising new therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess inflammasome activation in failing hearts to identify activation patterns of inflammasome subtypes as sources of IL-1β.

Methods and results
Out of the four major inflammasome sensors tested, expression of the inflammasome protein absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) increased in human HF regardless of the aetiology (ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy), while the NLRP1/NALP1 and NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1 and 3) inflammasome showed no change in HF samples. AIM2 expression was primarily detected in monocytes/macrophages of failing hearts. Translational animal models of HF (pressure or volume overload, and permanent coronary artery ligation in rat, as well as ischaemia/reperfusion-induced HF in pigs) demonstrated activation pattern of AIM2 similar to that of observed in end-stages of human HF. In vitro AIM2 inflammasome activation in human Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) monocytic cells and human AC16 cells was significantly reduced by pharmacological blockade of pannexin-1 channels by the clinically used uricosuric drug probenecid. Probenecid was also able to reduce pressure overload-induced mortality and restore indices of disease severity in a rat chronic HF model in vivo.

Conclusions
This is the first report showing that AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation contribute to chronic inflammation in HF and that probenecid alleviates chronic HF by reducing inflammasome activation. The present translational study suggests the possibility of repositioning probenecid for HF indications.
Double/debiased machine learning for logistic partially linear model
Authors: Liu Molei , Zhang Yi , Zhou Doudou 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe propose double/debiased machine learning approaches to infer a parametric component of a logistic partially linear model. Our framework is based on a Neyman orthogonal score equation consisting of two nuisance models for the nonparametric component of the logistic model and conditional mean of the exposure with the control group. To estimate the nuisance models, we separately consider the use of high dimensional (HD) sparse regression and (nonparametric) machine learning (ML) methods. In the HD case, we derive certain moment equations to calibrate the first order bias of the nuisance models, which preserves the model double robustness property. In the ML case, we handle the nonlinearity of the logit link through a novel and easy-to-implement ‘full model refitting’ procedure. We evaluate our methods through simulation and apply them in assessing the effect of the emergency contraceptive pill on early gestation and new births based on a 2008 policy reform in Chile.
Assessing the methodology used to study the ascending aorta haemodynamics in bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Edlin Joy , Nowell Justin , Arthurs Christopher , Figueroa Alberto , Jahangiri Marjan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Modern imaging techniques provide evermore-detailed anatomical and physiological information for use in computational fluid dynamics to predict the behaviour of physiological phenomena. Computer modelling can help plan suitable interventions. Our group used magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics to study the haemodynamic variables in the ascending aorta in patients with bicuspid aortic valve before and after isolated tissue aortic valve replacement. Computer modelling requires turning a physiological model into a mathematical one, solvable by equations that undergo multiple iterations in four dimensions. Creating these models involves several steps with manual inputs, making the process prone to errors and limiting its inter- and intra-operator reproducibility. Despite these challenges, we created computational models for each patient to study ascending aorta blood flow before and after surgery.

Methods and results
Magnetic resonance imaging provided the anatomical and velocity data required for the blood flow simulation. Patient-specific in- and outflow boundary conditions were used for the computational fluid dynamics analysis. Haemodynamic variables pertaining to blood flow pattern and derived from the magnetic resonance imaging data were calculated. However, we encountered problems in our multi-step methodology, most notably processing the flow data. This meant that other variables requiring computation with computational fluid dynamics could not be calculated.

Conclusion
Creating a model for computational fluid dynamics analysis is as complex as the physiology under scrutiny. We discuss some of the difficulties associated with creating such models, along with suggestions for improvements in order to yield reliable and beneficial results.
Molecular population genetics of Sex-lethal (Sxl) in the Drosophila melanogaster species group: a locus that genetically interacts with Wolbachia pipientis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bauer DuMont Vanessa L , White Simone L , Zinshteyn Daniel , Aquadro Charles F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sex-lethal (Sxl) is the sex determination switch in Drosophila, and also plays a critical role in germ-line stem cell daughter differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. Three female-sterile alleles at Sxl in D. melanogaster were previously shown to genetically interact to varying degrees with the maternally inherited endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis. Given this genetic interaction and W. pipientis’ ability to manipulate reproduction in Drosophila, we carried out a careful study of both the population genetics (within four Drosophila species) and molecular evolutionary analysis (across 20 Drosophila species) of Sxl. Consistent with earlier studies, we find that selective constraint has played a prominent role in Sxl’s molecular evolution within Drosophila, but we also observe patterns that suggest both episodic bursts of protein evolution and recent positive selection at Sxl. The episodic nature of Sxl’s protein evolution is discussed in light of its genetic interaction with W. pipientis.
Experimental investigation of a ground-source heat pump system for greenhouse heating–cooling
Authors: Harjunowibowo Dewanto , Omer Siddig A , Riffat Saffa B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the important heating criteria of a greenhouse in the Northern hemisphere countries is heat availability, particularly in the winter season. Among other heat storage types, seasonal soil-based energy storage performance is auspicious. However, the performance is affected by the length and depth of borehole pipes used, which are very expensive for growers. Therefore, this study investigates the performance of a shallow seasonal soil-based energy storage heat pump, in a greenhouse. Thick insulations were installed to reduce soil heat loss. The soil thermal imbalance ratio was calculated to know the thermal recovery resulted. Based on the results, the heat pump’s seasonal coefficient of performance (COP) heating and cooling varied between 1.48–2.97 and 1.20–3.45, respectively. The COPsys heating and cooling were observed to be 1.51 and 1.55, respectively. However, the system successfully maintained indoor temperature &gt;16°C in other seasons, except for winter. Due to low brine input in winter, the average indoor temperature dropped to 11°C, indicating a thermal soil property problem. Moreover, the proposed system achieved soil thermal imbalance ratio of 32.76%.
Methadone, Buprenorphine, Oxycodone, Fentanyl and Tramadol in Multiple Postmortem Matrices
Authors: Havig Stine Marie , Vindenes Vigdis , Øiestad Åse Marit Leere , Rogde Sidsel , Thaulow Cecilie Hasselø 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Peripheral blood (PB) concentrations are generally preferred for postmortem toxicological interpretation, but some autopsy cases may lack blood for sampling due to decomposition or large traumas, etc. In such cases, other tissues or bodily fluids must be sampled; however, limited information exists on postmortem concentrations in matrices other than blood. Pericardial fluid (PF), muscle and vitreous humor (VH) have been suggested as alternatives to blood, but only a few studies have investigated the detection of opioids in these matrices. In this study, we aimed to investigate the detection of methadone, buprenorphine, oxycodone, fentanyl and tramadol in postmortem samples of PF, skeletal muscle and VH, in addition to PB and cardiac blood and if drug concentrations in these alternative matrices were comparable to those in PB and thereby useful for interpretation. In most of the 54 included cases, only one opioid was detected. Methadone, oxycodone, fentanyl and tramadol were detected in all of the alternative matrices in almost all cases, while buprenorphine was detected less often. For methadone, the concentrations in the alternative matrices, except in VH, were relatively similar to those in PB. Larger variations in concentrations were found for buprenorphine, oxycodone and tramadol. Quantitative analyses appeared useful for fentanyl, in all of the alternative matrices, but only four cases were included. Toxicological analyses of opioids in these alternative postmortem matrices can be useful for detection, but quantitative results must be interpreted with caution.