bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium and Calcium Complexes of ArBIG‐bian and Their Reactivity towards CO2 (ArBIG‐bian=1,2‐bis[(2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐methylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene)
Authors: Moskalev Mikhail V. , Skatova Alexandra A. , Razborov Danila A. , Bazanov Andrey A. , Bazyakina Natalia L. , Sokolov Vladimir G. , Fedushkin Igor L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReduction of 1,2‐bis[(2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐methylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (ArBIG‐bian) with an excess of magnesium in tetrahydrofuran (thf) or with an excess of calcium in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (dme) and crystallization of the crude products from the reaction mixtures affords monomeric complexes [(ArBIG‐bian)Mg(thf)2] (1) or [(ArBIG‐bian)Ca(dme)2] (2), respectively. Hydrolysis of complex 1 affords metal‐free diamine [ArBIG‐bianH2(thf)] (3). Complexes 1 and 2 readily react with CO2 to form the corresponding carbamates [(ArBIG‐bian)(CO2)2Mg(thf)2] (4) and [(ArBIG‐bian)(CO2)2Ca(dme)2] (5). Compounds 1–5 have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 1, 2, 3, and 5 have been determined by the single crystal X‐ray analysis.
Electrocatalytical Application of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide in PEM Fuel Cell: Effect of Reducing Agents of Dimethlyformamide or Hydrazine Hydrate on the Properties
Authors: Daş Elif , Öztürk Ayşenur , Bayrakçeken Yurtcan Ayşe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo kinds of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized with the reducing agents of either dimethylformamide (DMF) or hydrazine hydrate (HYD). The decoration of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) over these materials was provided by microwave irradiation (MWI) method. Detailed physical and electrochemical measurements were carried out. Based on the electrochemical results of both catalysts, it is not surprising the achievement of higher electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, higher electron transfer number, lower charge transfer resistance and higher fuel cell performance with the Pt/rGO (DMF) catalyst which surpasses Pt/rGO (HYD) in many ways.
Thermosyphon solar water heating system with Cu/water nanofluid and wire coil configurations: Efficiency, energy, economic, environmental, and heat transfer study
Authors: Sundar L. Syam , Akanaw Tesfahun Tegegne , Singh Manoj K. , Sousa António C. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe techno‐economical analysis such as collector size, weight, cost, embodied energy, and environmental aspects were performed for Cu/water nanofluid flow in flat plate collector with various kinds of wire coil configurations based on the collector efficiency. Results show, the collector thermal efficiency is augmented for Cu/water nanofluids rather than water in the collector. By using ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid in collector its thermal efficiency is 61.47% but with water it is 56.68%; the collector thermal efficiency is further enhanced to 68.48% at ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid with wire coil configuration of p/d = 1.79. The collector area is reduced to 2.76 m2 for ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid but it is 3 m2 for water in the collector; collector area is further lowered to 2.48 m2 for ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid with wire coil configuration of p/d = 1.79. The Nusselt number raise is 20.46% and further rose to 46.23% for ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid with wire coil configuration of p/d = 1.79 against water. The penalty in friction factor is 1.24‐ and 1.44‐times for ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid with and without wire coil configuration of p/d = 1.79 over the water.
Hesperidin alleviates bupivacaine anesthesia‐induced neurotoxicity in SH‐SY5Y cells by regulating apoptosis and oxidative damage
Authors: Wang Ting , Zheng Lina , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLocal anesthetic with bupivacaine (BV) administration may cause severe neurotoxicity and neurological complications in developing neurons. Any substances that can mitigate the toxic effects of BV are of great importance in surgical procedures and pain management. The present study attempted to investigate if hesperidin (HN) could inhibit or prevent BV‐induced neurotoxicity in SH‐SY5Y cells. Exposure of BV at 5 mM resulted in a significant decrease of cell viability and a remarkable increase of lactate dehydrogenase release via the induction of apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased Bcl‐2 protein expression, as well as increased expression of cytoplasmic cytochrome c, Bax, and cleaved caspase‐3 protein was also observed in BV‐stimulated SH‐SY5Y cells. In addition, BV stimulation impaired the balance of oxidation–reduction and inflammation system, as evidenced by the increased malondialdehyde content, decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and reduced level of reduced glutathione, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. However, these iatrogenic changes were all reversed by the HN (5, 10, and 20 μM) supplement for 48 h in a concentration‐dependent manner. In conclusion, HN can protect SH‐SY5Y cells against BV‐stimulated neurotoxicity via the inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation response. The present findings suggested that HN may be an effective alternative agent to inhibit or prevent BV‐induced neurotoxicity in human patients.
Recent development and future prospects ofTiO2photocatalysis
Authors: Peiris Sasanka , de Silva Haritha B. , Ranasinghe Kumudu N. , Bandara Sanjaya V. , Perera Ishanie Rangeeka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhotocatalysis is a process of clean technology where solar energy is converted into useful chemical reactions. There are confronted challenges and limitations when claiming the most efficient TiO2photocatalytic activity. Scientists tend to break through the barriers of TiO2photocatalysis by implementing different modification strategies for pure TiO2in order to eliminate the encountered limitations and thereby enhance the efficiency for further development of photocatalytic applications. Charge carrier recombination is one of the major limitations in the photocatalytic process. Doping incorporated with metals and nonmetals owns the capacity to subdue the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes by ensuring charge carrier separation. At the same time, this could enhance the capturing of photoenergy by narrowing the band gap of TiO2. Dye sensitization is another branch of possible modification of TiO2photocatalysis that is implemented in solar electricity generation, photocatalytic water splitting, and pollutant degradation. It assists in reduction of transparency in the visible range and obtaining a longer electron lifetime by efficient charge separation. Attention is given to the application of TiO2photocatalysis based on environmental decontamination, biocidal applications, and energy‐based applications. Hence, TiO2photocatalysis plays a crucial role in reaching higher technological development while maintaining a balance with environmental sustainability.
Contrasting strategies of hypoxic cardiac performance and metabolism in cichlids and armoured catfish
Authors: Driedzic William R. , MacCormack Tyson J. , Lamarre Simon G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe heart of tropical fishes is a particularly useful model system in which to investigate mechanisms of hypoxic tolerance. Here we focus on insights gained from two groups of fishes, cichlids and armoured catfishes. Cichlids respond to hypoxia by entering a sustained hypometabolism with decreased heart performance to match whole animal circulatory needs. Heart rate is decreased along with protein turnover to reduce adenosine triphosphate demand. This occurs despite the inherent capacity for high levels of cardiac power development. Although highly hypoxic tolerant at the whole animal level, the heart of cichlids does not have high constitutive activities of glycolytic enzymes compared to other species. Information is conflicting with respect to changes in glycolytic gene expression and enzyme activity following hypoxic exposure with some studies showing increases and others decreases. In contrast to cichlids, species of armoured catfish, that are routinely exposed to water of low oxygen content, do not display hypoxic bradycardia. Under hypoxia there are early changes in glucose trafficking suggestive of activation of glycolysis before lactate accumulation. Thereafter, heart glycogen is mobilized and lactate accumulates in both heart and blood, in some species to very high levels. Heart performance under hypoxia is enhanced by defense of intracellular pH. A functional sarcoplasmic reticulum and binding of hexokinase to the outer mitochondrial membrane may also play a role in cardioprotection. Maintenance of heart performance under hypoxia may relate to a tradeoff between air breathing via a modified stomach and circulatory demands for digestion.
Effect of ethylenethiourea on metamorphosis and ovary development: A comparative study of three larval frogs
Authors: Phuge Samadhan , Sequeira Andrea , Pandit Radhakrishna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmphibian endocrine systems interact with each other during normal development. Interference with one of the endocrine systems may influence others. We studied the effect of a thyroid inhibitor (ethylenethiourea [ETU]) on metamorphosis and ovary development of three species, Sphaerotheca pashchima, Indosylvirana caesari, and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis with different larval durations. We treated the tadpoles of these species with 50, 100, and 200 mg/L concentrations of ETU and studied their larval duration, size at metamorphosis, and ovary development. The results revealed that ETU affects metamorphosis, depending on the species and concentration. ETU delayed metamorphosis of E. cyanophlyctis tadpoles and did not affect metamorphosis in S. pashchima tadpoles. Lower concentrations of ETU stimulated metamorphosis in I. caesari tadpoles while high concentration delayed metamorphosis. In the tadpoles (E. cyanophlyctis) treated with higher concentrations of ETU, ovary development was advanced with an increased size of the diplotene oocytes. Oocyte size was smaller in the tadpoles (of I. caesari) treated with lower concentrations of ETU. These results demonstrated that the tadpoles of these species show different responses to the thyroid inhibitor, possibly due to the differences in the larval duration and sensitivity. Inhibition or acceleration of metamorphosis did not interfere in the ovary development of E. cyanophlyctis and I. caesari. These results will be useful in understanding the impact of endocrine disruptors on the interaction between thyroid and sex steroid hormones.
Effect of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation on the survival of patients with inoperable malignant biliary strictures: A large cohort study
Authors: Xia Ming‐Xing , Wang Shu‐Ping , Yuan Ji‐Gang , Gao Dao‐Jian , Ye Xin , Wang Tian‐Tian , Wu Jun , Zhou Dong‐Xun , Hu Bing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsEndoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an emerging technique for the palliation of inoperable malignant biliary strictures (MBSs). We aimed to systemically investigate the long‐term outcome of RFA in a large cohort of patients.MethodsWe recruited 883 patients with various MBSs who underwent endoscopic interventions at two large‐volume centers; 124 patients underwent RFA and stenting, whereas 759 underwent stenting alone. To overcome selection bias, we performed 1:4 propensity score matching (PSM). The main outcome was overall survival (OS).ResultsFollowing PSM, patients in the RFA group showed significantly longer OS (9.5 months; 95% CI: 7.7‐11.3 months) than those in the stenting alone group (6.1 months; 95% CI: 5.6‐6.6 months; P < .001). In stratified analyses, the improved OS was only demonstrated in the subgroup of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (11.3 months 95% CI: 10.2‐12.4 vs 6.9 months 95% CI: 6.0‐7.8; P < .001), but not in the subgroups of gallbladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and other metastatic cancers (all P > .05). The survival benefits were noted only in the patients with non‐metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (11.5 vs 7.4 months, P < .001).ConclusionsThe survival benefits of endoscopic RFA appear to be limited to patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma without distant metastasis.
SARS‐CoV‐2 show no infectivity at later stages in a prolonged COVID‐19 patient despite positivity in RNA testing
Authors: Wan Xiu‐Feng , Tang Cynthia Y. , Ritter Detlef , Wang Yang , Li Tao , Segovia Karen , Kosikova Martina , Johnson Marc , Kwon Hyung J. , Xie Hang , Hammer Richard D. , McElroy Jane A. , Hamid Aws , Collins Natalie D. , Hang Jun , Camp Simone 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases present enormous costs to patients and health systems in the United States. Many hospitalized patients may continue testing COVID‐19 positive even after the resolution of symptoms. Thus, a pressing concern for clinicians is the safety of discharging these asymptomatic patients if they have any remaining infectivity. This case report explores the viral viability in a patient with persistent COVID‐19 over the course of a 2‐month hospitalization. Positive nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected and isolated in the laboratory and analyzed by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reactions (qRT‐PCR), and serology was tested for neutralizing antibodies throughout the hospitalization period. The patient experienced waning symptoms by hospital day 40 and had no viable virus growth by hospital day 41, suggesting no risk of infectivity, despite positive RT‐PCR results which prolonged his hospital stay. Notably, this case showed infectivity for at least 24 days after disease onset, which is longer than the discontinuation of transmission‐based precautions recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Thus, our findings suggest that the timeline for discontinuing transmission‐based precautions may need to be extended for patients with severe and prolonged COVID‐19 disease. Additional large‐scale studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions on the appropriate clinical management for these patients.​
Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreas cancer: Global perspective and optimal care pathways in low to middle‐income countries
Authors: Rajappa Senthil J. , Pinninti Rakesh , Are Chandrakanth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSurgery remains the only curative intent treatment modality for localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Even in those who can undergo successful margin negative resection, the ability to deliver adjuvant chemotherapy is suboptimal for various reasons, resulting in poor outcomes. The delivery of “standard of care” intensive modern neoadjuvant therapies can be challenging in low to‐middle‐income countries (LMICs) with limited resource. This article reviews the constraints in delivering neoadjuvant therapies in LMICs and strategies to improve its implementation.
Seminars in surgical oncology—Pancreas cancer adjuvant therapy trials
Authors: Essaji Yasmin , Rocha Flavio G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer has undergone a paradigm shift in the last 30 years. Before the 1990s, surgery was the main treatment with high morbidity and minimal long‐term survival. In the mid‐1980s, GITSG showed a doubling of overall survival from 11 to 20 months with 5‐fluorouracil‐based chemoradiation and now the PRODIGE trial showed the benefit of FOLFIRINOX with the longest overall survival to date approaching 5 years. Further investigation on the agents, duration and sequencing of therapy remains ongoing.
Socially Defined Subpopulations Reveal Demographic Variation in a Giraffe Metapopulation
Authors: Bond Monica L. , König Barbara , Ozgul Arpat , Farine Damien R. , Lee Derek E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTPopulations are typically defined as spatially contiguous sets of individuals, but large populations of social species can be composed of discrete social communities that often overlap in space. Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) of Tanzania live in distinct social subpopulations that overlap spatially, enabling us to simultaneously explore environmental and social factors correlated with demographic variation in a metapopulation of >1,400 adult females and calves. We considered statistically distinct communities in the social network as subpopulations and tested for variation among the 10 subpopulations in adult female survival, calf survival, and reproductive rate (calf‐to‐adult female ratio). We then related variation in demographic rates among subpopulations to differences in vegetation, soil type, proximity to 2 types of human settlements, local giraffe population density, and social metrics of relationship strength and exclusivity among adult females. We did not find any among‐subpopulation effects on adult female survival, suggesting adult female survival is buffered against environmental heterogeneity among subpopulations. Variation in calf demographic rates among subpopulations were correlated with vegetation, soils, anthropogenic factors, and giraffe population density but not with adult female relationship metrics, despite substantial spatial overlap. Subpopulations with more dense bushlands in their ranges had lower calf survival probabilities, and those closer to human settlements had higher reproductive rates, possibly because of spatial gradients in natural predation. Reproductive rates were higher in subpopulations with more volcanic soils, and calf survival probabilities were greater in subpopulations with higher local adult female densities, possibly related to higher‐quality habitat associated with fertile soils or lower predation risk, or to greater competitive ability. The variation in fitness among subpopulations suggests that giraffes do not move unhindered among resource patches to equalize reproductive success, as expected according to an ideal free distribution. The differences in calf survival and reproductive rates could rather indicate intercommunity differences in competitive ability, perception, learning, or experience. Our approach of comparing demography among spatially overlapping yet distinct socially defined subpopulations provides a biologically meaningful way to quantify environmental and social factors influencing fine‐scale demographic variation for social species. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Biodegradable magnesium‐based biomaterials: An overview of challenges and opportunities
Authors: Amukarimi Shukufe , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs promising biodegradable materials with nontoxic degradation products, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have received more and more attention in the biomedical field very recently. Having excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanical properties, magnesium‐based alloys currently cover a broad range of applications in the biomedical field. The use of Mg‐based biomedical devices eliminates the need for biomaterial removal surgery after the healing process and reduces adverse effects induced by the implantation of permanent biomaterials. However, the high corrosion rate of Mg‐based implants leads to unexpected degradation, structural failure, hydrogen evolution, alkalization, and cytotoxicity. To overcome these limitations, alloying Mg with suitable alloying elements and surface treatment come highly recommended. In this area, open questions remain on the behavior of Mg‐based biomaterials in the human body and the effects of different factors that have resulted in these challenges. In addition to that, many techniques are yet to be verified to turn these challenges into opportunities. Accordingly, this article aims to review major challenges and opportunities for Mg‐based biomaterials to minimize the challenges for the development of novel biomaterials made of Mg and its alloys.
Plasticity in Reproductive Potential of Bigheaded Carp along an Invasion Front
Authors: Lenaerts Allison W. , Coulter Alison A. , Irons Kevin S. , Lamer James T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Invasive species can have varying and unpredictable reproductive potential among native and invaded populations or along invasion fronts, potentially contributing to invasion success. Understanding the reproductive potential (fecundity and egg size) of low-density, leading-edge populations is important to inform the management of Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp H. nobilis populations in the upper Mississippi River. Therefore, we compared batch fecundity and eggs/g of ovary subsample (an egg-size surrogate) of Silver Carp (n = 145) and Bighead Carp (n = 75) along a decreasing invasion gradient from Pool 20 (higher abundance) to Pool 17 (lower abundance) in the Mississippi River. Bighead Carp in Pools 17 and 18 (461 ± 22 eggs/g [mean ± SE]) had significantly fewer eggs/g than those in Pools 19 and 20 (higher abundance; 483 ± 13 eggs/g). Log-transformed batch fecundity for Bighead Carp was positively correlated to log-transformed fish length, and batch fecundity was higher in Pools 17, 18, and 19 than in Pool 20. The eggs/g values for Silver Carp, which have been previously shown to be independent of fish length, were similar among all pools (94 ± 11 eggs/g). Batch fecundity for Silver Carp was significantly higher in Pools 17–19 than in Pool 20, where densities are higher. Our results suggest that at lower densities, Bighead Carp produce more, larger eggs and Silver Carp produce more eggs, which collectively could increase their reproductive success along invasion fronts.
Clinical Results and Biomarker Analyses of Axitinib and TRC105 versus Axitinib Alone in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (TRAXAR)
Authors: Choueiri Toni K. , Zakharia Yousef , Pal Sumanta , Kocsis Judit , Pachynski Russell , Poprach Alexandr , Nixon Andrew B. , Liu Yingmiao , Starr Mark , Lyu Jing , Owzar Kouros , deShazo Mollie , Lara Primo , Geczi Lajos , Ho Thai H. , Walsh Meghara , Adams Bonne , Robertson Liz , Darif Mohamed , Theuer Charles , Agarwal Neeraj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned

Background
Endoglin is an angiogenic receptor expressed on proliferating tumor vessels and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stem cells that is implicated as a mechanism of resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors. This study evaluated an antiendoglin monoclonal antibody (carotuximab, TRC105) combined with axitinib in patients with advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) who had progressed following one or more prior VEGF inhibitors.

Methods
TRAXAR was a multicenter, international randomized 1:1 (stratified by ECOG, 0 vs. 1), phase II study of carotuximab combined with axitinib versus axitinib alone in mccRCC patients who had progressed following one or more prior VEGF inhibitors. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by independent central review (ICR) per RECIST 1.1

Results
A total of 150 patients were randomized. The combination therapy resulted in shorter median PFS by RECIST 1.1 than axitinib monotherapy (6.7 vs. 11.4 months). The combination was tolerated similarly to axitinib monotherapy, and there were no treatment related deaths. Exploratory evaluation of pretreatment circulating biomarkers suggested the combination might benefit patients who have low baseline VEGF levels.

Conclusion
The combination of carotuximab with axitinib did not demonstrate additional efficacy over single agent axitinib in patients with mccRCC who progressed following one or more prior VEGF inhibitor treatment.