bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triangular extension of hinge flaps: A novel technique to resolve stomal stenosis and prevent restenosis in staged buccal mucosal urethroplasty
Authors: Azuma Ryuichi , Horiguchi Akio , Ojima Kenichiro , Shinchi Masayuki , Aizawa Tetsushi , Tsuchiya Masato , Nakayama Eiko , Nagano Hisato , Ito Keiichi , Asano Tomohiko , Kiyosawa Tomoharu 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo verify the utility of triangular extension of a hinge flap in buccal mucosal staged urethroplasty to resolve stomal stenosis after the first stage and ultimately prevent restenosis.MethodsA total of 23 patients (triangular extension group) were studied in 2013–2019. In the first stage, buccal mucosa was transplanted, and an extended triangle portion of the mucosa was placed beside the proximal and/or distal stoma that was created when the stricture segment of the urethra was resected. In the second stage, during tubularization of the urethral plate, an incision was made at the stoma to increase the caliber to which the triangular extension was inserted. The procedure was considered successful when a 17‐Fr flexible cystoscope passed through the reconstructed urethra at 6 months after the second‐stage urethroplasty and no additional surgery or bougie dilation required. The clinical course of the triangular extension group was compared with 24 patients who underwent conventional staged urethroplasty (control group).ResultsIn total, 20 patients from each group underwent second‐stage surgery. No patients in the triangular extension group required additional revision surgery because of stomal stenosis after first‐stage surgery, whereas five (20%) control patients did. Urethroplasty was successful in 19 patients (95%) in the triangular extension group and in 19 patients (95%) in the control group. Uroflowmetry after the second‐stage surgery indicated that the mean maximum urinary flow rate was 21.5 and 15.8 mL/s after triangular extension and the control procedure, respectively (P = 0.027).ConclusionsThe triangular extension technique reduces the need for revision surgery and prevents postoperative restenosis.
Paediatric dental outcomes among children exposed to chemotherapy in utero
Authors: Iyer Neel S. , Trager Lauren , Gaughan John , Akoto Serwaa , Cardonick Elyce 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimOur study prospectively evaluated dental development in children exposed to chemotherapy in utero compared with unexposed controls.DesignWomen who received chemotherapy while pregnant were enrolled in a research registry. After age two, each child's dentist was asked to complete a questionnaire about dental abnormalities and malformations, as well as for their unexposed siblings. Multivariate linear regression adjusting for age was used to compare the groups.ResultsDental information was received for 67 exposed children and 59 controls. The majority of mothers were treated for breast cancer (79.1%) and primarily received doxorubicin (89.6%) and cyclophosphamide (80.6%). Mean gestational age at first exposure was 20.7 (±5.7) weeks. Mean age at dental evaluation was 8.0 (±4.3) years for exposed and 10.4 (±5.1) years for controls (P < .01). Missing teeth, tooth size, shape, and color did not differ significantly between groups. There was no statistical difference in dental caries, facial abnormalities, or abnormalities of enamel or gingiva. There was no association between any chemotherapy agent or regimen and increased risk of dental abnormalities.ConclusionsOverall, there was no difference in dental abnormalities between groups. These negative findings may be because no one received chemotherapy prior to 14 weeks when formation of primary teeth was beginning.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses in intensive care unit on preventing medical device–related pressure injury: A cross‐sectional study in western China
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Bin , He Li , Gou Ling , Pei Ju‐Hong , Nan Rui‐Ling , Chen Hai‐Xia , Wang Xing‐Lei , Du Ye‐Hui , Yan Hui , Dou Xin‐Man 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) are determinants for the efficacy of preventing the medical device–related pressure injury (MDRPI). The aim of this study was to determine the level and factors of knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses' ICUs on preventing medical MDRPI in western China. An annual cross‐sectional study was conducted in hospitals of western China from May 2020 to September 2020. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes were assessed using Clinical Nurses Prevention MDRPI of Critically Ill Patients for the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice Assessment Scale. SPSS software version 25.0 and independent t‐test, Chi‐square, Fisher exact, one‐way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression tests were used for data analysis. A total of 1002 nurses in ICUs from 37 hospitals in Gansu Province, China, participated in this study. The scores of overall KAP, knowledge, attitudes, and practice were 149.17 ± 24.62, 53.83 ± 12.23, 37.24 ± 6.35 and 58.10 ± 9.83, respectively. There was a positive and significant relationship between three variables. Findings revealed that nurses' knowledge score in the Tertiary hospital was higher than scores of other hospitals as 3.840 units. Moreover, the knowledge score and practice score of nurses with bachelor's degree or above were higher than other nurses and are 0.978 and 1.106 units, respectively. Based on the findings, practice of nurses increased by 0.992 units, with a 1‐year increase in work experience of nurses in the ICU. The levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurse in ICUs on preventing MDRPI were acceptable. The findings of the study highlight that a comprehensive approach should be conducted for raising the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses' ICUs on preventing medical MDRPI, as well as improving the quality of care for critically ill patients.
Fast grain‐boundary diffusion paths in ionic solids: Space‐charge layers versus interfacial core
Authors: Parras Jana P. , Feldmann Gereon , De Souza Roger A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe accelerated diffusion of ions along grain boundaries in ionic solids may occur along two possible paths: (a) the interface core (IC), as known for metals; and (b) space‐charge layers (SCLs), located adjacent to the core, in which the point defects responsible for diffusion are accumulated. In this study, we examined whether it is possible, on the basis of diffusion profiles, to discriminate between IC and SCL diffusion paths. Taking cation diffusion along grain boundaries in MO2 oxides as our example system, we used finite‐element‐method (FEM) calculations to obtain cation diffusion profiles for various combinations of fast grain‐boundary diffusion along the two possible diffusion paths. Three characteristics of the grain‐boundary feature in diffusion profiles were investigated: the quantitative description of this grain‐boundary “tail”, its dependence on diffusion time, and its dependence on temperature (activation enthalpy). For all calculated diffusion profiles, with varying ratios of IC to SCL diffusion, no criterion was found that allowed the dominant diffusion path to be identified. Consideration of the activation enthalpies, however, may provide an indication of the dominant path: If the activation energy for grain‐boundary diffusion approaches or equals the activation enthalpy for bulk diffusion, one may conclude that SCL diffusion dominates.
Modulation of wall thickness of Al‐doped ZnO nanotubes by nanolamination of atomic layer deposition for oxygen sensing
Authors: Kei Chi‐Chung , Wang Chih‐Chieh , Perng Tsong‐Pyng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe high surface‐to‐volume ratio and feature dimensions of the gas sensors are the key factors for improving the gas response. In this study, a novel method to prepare an Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) nanotube oxygen sensor with tunable wall thickness is reported via the ZnO–Al2O3 nanolamination of atomic layer deposition (ALD) using tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) gallium nanowire (GaQ3NW) as a template. The ALD of Al2O3 significantly enhances wall uniformity and decreases the wall thickness of the AZO nanotubes. In addition, the incorporation of Al2O3 allows full coverage of AZO on GaQ3NWs. With an increase in the Al2O3 fraction, the carrier concentration increases, but the depth of the depletion layer and gas response of the nanotube sensor are reduced. The gas response of the nanotubes is inversely proportional to wall thickness, suggesting that it is a function of the surface‐to‐volume ratio. When the wall thickness is decreased to 12 nm, the gas response of AZO nanotubes with 2% Al increases significantly to 7. This can be explained by the grain control model, because thin wall leads to the formation of fully charge‐depleted nanotubes.
Meta‐analysis: Interleukin 6 gene ‐174G/C polymorphism associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and interleukin 6 changes
Authors: Cheng Hao , Zhu Wenbin , Zhu Mou , Sun Yan , Sun Xiaojie , Jia Di , Yang Chao , Yu Haitao , Zhang Chunjing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe gene coding interleukin 6 (IL‐6) is a promising candidate in predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to meta‐analytically examine the association of IL‐6 gene −174G/C polymorphism with T2DM and circulating IL‐6 changes across −174G/C genotypes. Odds ratio (OR) and standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Twenty‐five articles were meta‐analysed, with 20 articles for T2DM risk and 9 articles for circulating IL‐6 changes. Overall, there was no detectable significance for the association between −174G/C polymorphism and T2DM, and this association was relatively obvious under dominant model (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.56‐1.21). Improved heterogeneity was seen in some subgroups, with statistical significance found in studies involving subjects of mixed races (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46‐0.86). Begg's and filled funnel plots, along with Egger's tests revealed week evidence of publication bias. In genotype‐phenotype analyses, carriers of −174CC and −174CG genotypes separately had 0.10 and 0.03 lower concentrations (pg/mL) of circulating IL‐6 than −174GG carriers. Albeit no detectable significance for the association of −174G/C with T2DM, our findings provided suggestive evidence on a dose‐dependent relation between −174G/C mutant alleles and circulating IL‐6 concentrations, indicating possible implication of this polymorphism in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
Can information economics explain the organization of productive facilities?
Authors: Lederer Phillip J. , Zheng Xiaobo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA management system exists to coordinate, control, and make decisions about activities within an organization. These functions are information intensive, and therefore the design of management hierarchy has much to do with information‐processing economics. Most economic entities' management structures are described by “an organization chart” which is a network of departments. The goal of this paper is to take an analytical look at management hierarchy modeled as a tree with information‐processing departments at nodes. Two key assumptions about information processing are made: first, data's arrival patterns are uncertain as are processing times and that creates queuing delays, and second, data processing rates fall when data come from a variety of sources. Forthcoming results seem to accord more closely to empirical data than past work. Large increases in cost parameters or data flow rates do not change the hierarchy's structure very much. At higher tiers departments have more capacity and operate at lower utilizations, and managers have more subordinates, thus their work is less specialized and more complex. Included case studies support the latter assertion. We find that a large drop in information technology cost, or increased importance of quick customer response due to competition does not reduce the hierarchy height as effectively as decentralization. This implies that the historically recognized delayering of firms is principally due to reorganization to decentralize information processing.
Pasteurella spp. Infections in Atlantic salmon and lumpsucker
Authors: Sandlund Nina , Rønneseth Anita , Ellul Rebecca Marie , Nylund Stian , Sandlund Liv 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of cleaner fish as a delousing method in Norwegian salmonid aquaculture has increased tremendously over the last few years. This has led to the emergence of a new large industry of farming lumpsuckers (Cyclopterus lumpus L.).The use of lumpsuckers as cleaner fish has, however, not been problem‐free. Bacterial diseases cause high mortalities with pasteurellosis as one of the major emerging diseases. During the past few years, outbreaks of pasteurellosis in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) have become more frequent. This has led to an increasing concern that this disease will become common in salmon farming as well. The purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of Atlantic salmon to Pasteurella spp. infection and the possibility of lumpsuckers transmitting pasteurellosis to Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon were experimentally challenged, either by bath or by cohabitation with challenged lumpsuckers, using two different strains of Pasteurella spp. (originating from lumpsucker and Atlantic salmon, respectively). No clinical signs of pasteurellosis were observed on any of the Atlantic salmon. The lumpsuckers were, however, equally susceptible to both isolates. In addition, clear differences in histopathological changes were observed between individuals challenged with the two isolates.
Are there sex differences in potentially inappropriate prescribing in adults with multimorbidity?
Authors: Ukhanova Maria , Markwardt Sheila , Furuno Jon P. , Davis Laura , Noble Brie N. , Quiñones Ana R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesLimited knowledge exists regarding sex differences in prescribing potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for various multimorbidity patterns. This study sought to determine sex differences in PIM prescribing in older adults with cardiovascular‐metabolic patterns.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHealth and Retirement Study (HRS) 2004–2014 interview data, linked to HRS‐Medicare claims data annualized for 2005–2014.Study sampleSix thousand three‐hundred and forty‐one HRS participants aged 65 and older with two and more chronic conditions.MeasurementsPIM events were calculated using 2015 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. Multimorbidity patterns included: “cardiovascular‐metabolic only,” “cardiovascular‐metabolic plus other physical conditions,” “cardiovascular‐metabolic plus mental conditions,” and “no cardiovascular‐metabolic disease” patterns. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between PIM and sex, including interaction between sex and multimorbidity categories in the model, for PIM overall and for each PIM drug class.ResultsWomen were prescribed PIMs more often than men (39.4% vs 32.8%). Overall, women had increased odds of PIM (Adj. odds ratio [OR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.46). Women had higher odds of PIM than men with cardiovascular‐metabolic plus physical patterns (Adj. OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07–1.45) and cardiovascular‐metabolic plus mental patterns (Adj. OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06–1.48), and there were no sex differences in adults with a cardiovascular‐metabolic only patterns (Adj. OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.79–1.62). Women had greater odds of being prescribed the following PIMs: anticholinergics, antidepressants, antispasmodics, benzodiazepines, skeletal muscle relaxants, and had lower odds of being prescribed pain drugs and sulfonylureas compared with men.ConclusionThis study evaluated sex differences in PIM prescribing among adults with complex cardiovascular‐metabolic multimorbidity patterns. The effect of sex varied across multimorbidity patterns and by different PIM drug classes. This study identified important opportunities for future interventions to improve medication prescribing among older adults at risk for PIM.
Social involvement, socio‐economic status and subjective well‐being of parents of offspring with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Gur A. , Rimmerman A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe study explores whether households' socio‐economic status and social involvement can moderate the association between stress and subjective well‐being among parents of offspring with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).MethodThe random national sample comprised 301 parents caring for offspring with IDD. Measurements consist of a household income survey, a questionnaire on resources and stress, a social involvement questionnaire and a personal well‐being index. Using PROCESS software, a regression‐based path analysis has been used to test the moderating effect of social involvement and socio‐economic status on the association between stress and subjective well‐being.ResultsSocial involvement moderated the association between parental stress and subjective well‐being. At high levels of parental stress only, parents with increased social involvement reported better subjective well‐being. Significant interaction was observed between stress and socio‐economic status.ConclusionsAmong parents raising offspring with IDD, social involvement may enhance the relationship between parental stress and subjective well‐being. At lower stress levels, better socio‐economic status is associated with increased subjective well‐being.
Trust Us to Repay: Social Trust, Long‐Term Interest Rates, and Sovereign Credit Ratings
Authors: Bergh Andreas , Bjørnskov Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper asks whether the sensitivity of market long‐term interest rates and credit ratings is associated with cross‐country differences in social trust. We note a number of theoretical mechanisms that suggest that macroeconomic shocks are more likely to be effectively dealt with in higher‐trust societies. A set of panel estimates across middle‐ and high‐income countries reveals that interest rates and credit ratings are substantially more sensitive to inflation and growth problems in low‐trust countries. This finding sheds light on the differential market reactions to macroeconomic problems in seemingly comparable countries.
Credit Lines and the Liquidity Insurance Channel
Authors: ACHARYA VIRAL V. , ALMEIDA HEITOR , IPPOLITO FILIPPO , PEREZ‐ORIVE ANDER 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe suggest a new mechanism—the liquidity insurance channel—based on the widespread reliance of high credit quality firms on bank credit lines for liquidity management. Our model matches the patterns of usage of loans and credit lines in the cross‐section of firms and defines the conditions under which shocks to bank health affect primarily low or high credit quality firms. Our framework can explain why credit line origination is more cyclical than loan origination. Overall, we uncover a novel interaction between bank health and economic activity through the provision of bank credit lines to high credit quality firms.
The role and clinical benefits of high‐intensity focused electromagnetic devices for non‐invasive lipolysis and beyond: A narrative review and position paper
Authors: Goldberg David J. , Enright Kaitlyn M. , Goldfarb Richard , Katz Bruce , Gold Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2018, the first device to use high‐intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technology to non‐invasively build muscle was brought to market. Even more recently, the first HIFEM and radiofrequency combination device designed to both build muscle and eliminate fat cells came into use (HIFEM+). In view of the increase in recently published original data pertaining to HIFEM, an advisory board recently convened to discuss the group's clinical experiences with this technology.AimCommunicate an advisory group's recommendations for the current use of HIFEM+ technology for aesthetic indications.MethodsAn advisory board meeting to discuss challenges and opportunities for HIFEM devices in aesthetic medicine took place in November 2020, via remote conference. The expert advisory board consisted of a group of senior aesthetic physicians regularly treating patients with non‐invasive body contouring devices. A narrative review of the literature and key recommendations from the meeting are presented herein.ResultsTo date, the combined results of several clinical studies (including over 500 patients and 30 investigators) support that patients treated with HIFEM+ experience on average, 30% less fat, 25% more muscle, 19% reduction in abdominal separation and up to 5.9 cm reduction in waist circumference. Moreover, HIFEM+ induces a 30% increase in satellite cell content, which is similar to the 36% increase observed following twelve weeks of exercise.ConclusionsThe advisory board unanimously agreed on several messages related to HIFEM technology, including that the pairing of HIFEM and radiofrequency (HIFEM+) enables a higher intensity of muscle stimulation and lipolysis, compared to HIFEM alone.
Differences in Specific Mass Density Between Dinoflagellate Life Stages and Relevance to Accumulation by Hydrodynamic Processes
Authors: Persson Agneta , Smith Barry C. , Alix Jennifer H. , Li Yaqin , Holohan Bridget A. , Wikfors Gary H. 
Published: May 2021

One previously unstudied aspect of differences between sexual and asexual life stages in large‐scale transport and accumulation is density (mass per unit volume) of cells in each life stage. The specific density was determined for Scrippsiella lachrymosa cells in medium with and without nitrogen (N) enrichment through density‐gradient centrifugation. Growth medium without N addition is often called “encystment medium” when used for the purpose of resting cyst formation in cyst‐forming dinoflagellates; mating gametes are usually seen after 2–3 days. Significant differences in specific density were found after 2 days in encystment medium simultaneously with the observation of typical gamete swimming behavior and mating. The specific density of cells in encystment medium was 1.06 g · cm−3; whereas, the specific density of cells in growth medium was 1.11 g · cm−3. Cells in encystment medium were found to have significantly increased lipid content, reduced chlorophyll content, and reduced internal complexity. The findings may explain differential transport of less dense and chemotactically aggregating gametes into surface blooms in contrast to denser vegetative cells that perform daily vertical migration and do not aggregate. Passive accumulation of non‐migrating gametes into layers in stagnant water also can be explained, as well as sinking of zygotes when the storage of highly dense starch increases. Resting cysts had a density of over 1.14 g · cm−3 and would sink to become part of the silt fraction of the sediment. We suggest that differences in behavior and buoyancy between sexual and asexual life stages cause differences in cell accumulation, and therefore large‐scale, environmental transport could be directly dependent upon life‐cycle transitions.