bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B in Senegal: A Successful Infant Vaccination Program but Urgent Need to Scale Up Screening and Treatment (ANRS 12356 AmBASS survey)
Authors: Périères Lauren , Diallo Aldiouma , Marcellin Fabienne , Nishimwe Marie Libérée , Ba El Hadji , Coste Marion , Lo Gora , Halfon Philippe , Touré Kane Coumba , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Carrieri Patrizia , Diouf Assane , Shimakawa Yusuke , Sokhna Cheikh , Boyer Sylvie ,   ANRS 12356 AmBASS Survey Study Group
Published: December 2021

Senegal introduced the infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in 2004 and recently committed to eliminating hepatitis B by 2030. Updated epidemiological data are needed to provide information on the progress being made and to develop new interventions. We estimated the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children and adults living in rural Senegal and assessed hepatitis B treatment eligibility. A cross‐sectional population‐based serosurvey of HBsAg was conducted in 2018‐2019 in a large sample (n = 3,118) of residents living in the Niakhar area (Fatick region, Senegal). Individuals positive for HBsAg subsequently underwent clinical and biological assessments. Data were weighted for age and sex and calibrated to be representative of the area’s population. Among the 3,118 participants, 206 were HBsAg positive (prevalence, 6.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6‐8.1). Prevalence varied markedly according to age group in individuals aged 0‐4, 5‐14, 15‐34, and ≥35 years as follows: 0.0% (95% CI, 0.00‐0.01); 1.5% (95% CI, 0.0‐2.3); 12.4% (95% CI, 9.1‐15.6); and 8.8% (95% CI, 6.1‐11.5), respectively. Of those subsequently assessed, 50.9% (95% CI, 41.8‐60.0) had active HBV infection; 4 (2.9%; 95% CI, 0.9‐9.4) were eligible for hepatitis B treatment. Conclusion: In this first population‐based serosurvey targeting children and adults in rural Senegal, HBsAg prevalence was very low in the former, meeting the World Health Organization’s (WHO) < 1% HBsAg 2020 target; however, it was high in young adults (15‐34 years old) born before the HBV vaccine was introduced in 2004. To reach national and WHO hepatitis elimination goals, general population testing (particularly for adolescents and young adults), care, and treatment scale‐up need to be implemented.
Modulation of lateral septal and dorsomedial striatal neurons by hippocampal sharp‐wave ripples, theta rhythm, and running speed
Authors: Howe Andrew G. , Blair Hugh T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSingle units were recorded in hippocampus, lateral septum (LS), and dorsomedial striatum (DMS) while freely behaving rats (n = 3) ran trials in a T‐maze task and rested in a holding bucket between trials. In LS, 28% (64/226) of recorded neurons were excited and 14% (31/226) were inhibited during sharp wave ripples (SWRs). LS neurons that were excited during SWRs fired preferentially on the downslope of hippocampal theta rhythm and had firing rates that were positively correlated with running speed; LS neurons that were inhibited during SWRs fired preferentially on the upslope of hippocampal theta rhythm and had firing rates that were negatively correlated with running speed. In DMS, only 3.3% (12/366) of recorded neurons were excited and 5.7% (21/366) were inhibited during SWRs. As in LS, DMS neurons that were excited by SWRs tended to have firing rates that were positively modulated by running speed, whereas DMS neurons that were inhibited by SWRs tended to have firing rates that were negatively modulated by running speed. But in contrast with LS, these two DMS subpopulations did not clearly segregate their spikes to different phases of the theta cycle. Based on these results and a review of prior findings, we discuss how concurrent activation of spatial trajectories in hippocampus and motor representations in LS and DMS may contribute to neural computations that support reinforcement learning and value‐based decision making.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Addition–Cyclization of 1,5‐Enynes with Organoboronic Acids for the Synthesis of Alkylidene‐Cyclobutanes
Authors: Kim Hyeji , Choi Kyoungmin , Jang Dongseok , Um Hyun‐Suk , Kim Yeehwan , Lee Chulbom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDescribed here is the rhodium(I)‐catalyzed tandem addition–cyclization of 1,5‐enynes with aryl‐ and alkenylboronic acids. In the presence of triethylamine and catalytic [Rh(OH)(COD)]2 in methanol, both the terminal and internal alkyne substrates possessing an electron‐deficient alkene undergo inter‐ and intramolecular C−C bond formations to yield alkylidene–cyclobutane products. The reaction proceeds through a series of processes involving generation of an aryl or alkenyl rhodium from the organoboronic acid, 1,2‐syn‐carbometalation of the alkyne and 4‐exo‐type‐cyclization of the resulting alkenyl rhodium intermediate with the tethered, carbonyl‐conjugated alkene. Thus, the reaction enables a net R,H‐addition across the 1,5‐enyne π‐system – hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation – under mild rhodium catalysis while achieving 4‐membered ring formation. Preliminary studies show that the reaction can also be rendered enantioselective by employing a chiral diene ligand for the rhodium catalyst.
Stormflow concentration–discharge dynamics of suspended sediment and dissolved phosphorus in an agricultural watershed
Authors: Rose Lucy A. , Karwan Diana L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConcentration–discharge (C‐Q) relationships are an effective tool for identifying watershed biogeochemical source and transport dynamics over short and long timescales. We examined stormflow C‐Q, hysteresis, and flushing patterns of total suspended sediment (TSS) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in two stream reaches of a severely impaired agricultural watershed in northeastern Wisconsin, USA. The upper watershed reach—draining a relatively flat, row crop‐dominated contributing area—showed predominantly anti‐clockwise TSS hysteresis during storms, suggesting that particulate materials were mobilized more from distal upland sources than near‐ and in‐channel areas. In contrast, the incised lower watershed reach produced strong TSS flushing responses on the rising limb of storm hydrographs and clockwise hysteresis, signalling rapid mobilization of near‐ and in‐channel materials with increasing event flows. C‐Q relationships for SRP showed complex patterns in both the upper and lower reaches, demonstrating largely non‐linear chemodynamic C‐Q behaviour during events. As with TSS, anti‐clockwise SRP hysteresis in the upper reach suggested a delay in the hydrologic connectivity between SRP sources and the stream, with highly variable SRP concentrations during some events. A broad range of clockwise, anti‐clockwise, and complex SRP hysteresis patterns occurred in the lower watershed, possibly influenced by in‐channel legacy P stores and connection to tile drainage networks in the lower watershed area. Total suspended sediment and SRP responses were also strongly related to precipitation event characteristics including antecedent precipitation, recovery period, and precipitation intensity, highlighting the complexity of stormflow sediment and phosphorus responses in this severely impaired agricultural stream.
3D‐bulk to nanoforms of modified hydroxyapatite: Characterization and osteogenic potency in an in vitro 3D bone model system
Authors: Sundar Rebu , Joseph Josna , Babu Suresh , Varma Harikrishna , John Annie , Abraham Annie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSynthetic bioceramics are replacing conventional methods of treating bone defects with autografts owing to the high demand of bone substitutes, with their Surface topography and size contributing to favor cytocompatibility in tissue regeneration. This experimental study deals with the comparative evaluation of the physical characterizations of four different in‐house synthesized bioceramics from 3D‐bulk to nanoforms of hydroxyapatite (HA), Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), Strontium doped hydroxyapatite (SrHA) and Silica coated hydroxyapatite (HASi) and also simultaneously evaluates adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (RADMSCs) on these biomimetic ceramic niches. The osteogenic induced cells grown on 3D scaffolds for a period of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were analyzed for their viability (MTT, LDH, live‐dead assays), morphology (SEM), proliferation (Cytox‐Red) and osteogenic differentiation (ALP, osteocalcin expression). Cellular activities and differentiation of RADMSCs were significantly higher on SrHA indicating the role of strontium in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on this ceramic platform to the bone lineage. In order to reinforce the materials for hard tissue implantation and drug delivery, nano‐SrHA (nSrHA) became the nanoparticle of choice based on its non‐toxicity, cytocompatibility and osteogenic properties (nSrHA > nHASi > nBCP > nHA).
Accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Qiu Yi‐Ran , Chen Yu‐Yan , Wu Xin‐Ran , Li Ya‐Ping , Cao Xun‐Jie , Yu Zi‐Yuan , Lin Min , Li Qiu‐Yin , Chen Ji‐Chun , Yin Xin , Weng Shu‐Chang , Guo Xu‐Guang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis poses a severe threat to human health. At present, compared with the traditional diagnostic methods for tuberculosis pleural effusion, such as Löwenstein–Jensen culture, pleural biopsy, and Ziehl–Neelsen smear microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF was regarded as an emerging technology for its efficiency. The Xpert MTB/RIF accuracy for tuberculous pleural effusion diagnosis was evaluated in this systematic study.Materials and methodsWe searched the relevant literature published before January 2021 in PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Utilizing Review Manager 5.3 software, the quality of the included literature was evaluated based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, and the summary receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and analyzed with Metadisc 1.40 software. We used Stata 12.0 software to evaluate the publication bias of this study.ResultsEighteen articles were identified in total. The sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF in the pleural effusion was 0.24, and specificity was 1.00, respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9737, which indicated that the overall accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF was high. In addition, based on the Deeks funnel plot, no publication bias of the study was found.ConclusionXpert MTB/RIF is a rapid method with high specificity but relatively low sensitivity for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural effusion. Its less sensitivity made it difficult to be used clinically, but the high specificity suggests that it can be used as a specific diagnostic method for tuberculous pleural effusion.
AAV‐mediated expression of galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase corrects defects of galactose metabolism in classic galactosemia patient fibroblasts
Authors: Brophy Megan L. , Stansfield John C. , Ahn Youngwook , Cheng Seng H. , Murphy John E. , Bell Robert D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClassic galactosemia (CG) is a rare disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. It is caused predominantly by point mutations as well as deletions in the gene encoding the enzyme galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT). The majority of the more than 350 mutations identified in the GALT gene cause a significant reduction in GALT enzyme activity resulting in the toxic buildup of galactose metabolites that in turn is associated with cellular stress and injury. Consequently, developing a therapeutic strategy that reverses both the oxidative and ER stress in CG cells may be helpful in combating this disease. Recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated gene therapy to restore GALT activity offers the potential to address the unmet medical needs of galactosemia patients. Here, utilizing fibroblasts derived from CG patients we demonstrated that AAV‐mediated augmentation of GALT protein and activity resulted in the prevention of ER and oxidative stress. We also demonstrate that these CG patient fibroblasts exhibit reduced CD109 and TGFβRII protein levels and that these effectors of cellular homeostasis could be restored following AAV‐mediated expression of GALT. Finally, we show initial in vivo proof‐of‐concept restoration of galactose metabolism in a GALT knockout mouse model following treatment with AAV‐GALT.
Multimodal therapy for synchronous bone oligometastatic NSCLC: The role of surgery
Authors: Congedo Maria Teresa , Nachira Dania , Bertolaccini Luca , Chiappetta Marco , Zanfrini Edoardo , Meacci Elisa , Vita Maria Letizia , Lococo Filippo , D'Argento Ettore , Spaggiari Lorenzo , Margaritora Stefano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the feasibility of radical surgical treatment for selected bone‐oligometastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to identify prognostic factors associated with survival.Materials and methodsThe clinical records of 27 patients with bone synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThirteen (48.1%) bone metastases were treated by surgery and 14 (51.9%) by local radiotherapy. Eighteen (66.7%) patients underwent induction chemotherapy before lung surgery, and 3 (11.1%) concurrent radiotherapy. Pulmonary surgery was a major lung resection in 23 (85.2%) cases. Intraoperative and 30‐days mortality was null. Only one major (ARDS) and 10 (37.04%) mild complications (like air leakage, arrhythmia, and mucus retention) were recorded. 1‐year and 5‐years OS from the diagnosis and 1‐year, 3‐ years disease‐free survival (DFS) were 96%, 38%, and 66%, 30%, respectively. After stepwise Cox regression analysis, local recurrence (p = 0.05) and metachronous metastases (p = 0.04) maintained their independent prognostic value as overall survival negative determinants. Nodal upstaging (p = 0.04) and nonsurgical treatment of bone lesion (p = 0.03) turned out to be independent risk factors for shorter DFS; the vertebral localization of bone metastases showed only a remarkable trend towards significance (p = 0.06) as a risk factor for a worse DFS.ConclusionsIn selected patients, surgical treatment of primary NSCLC and bone synchronous metastasis seems to be safe and feasible and rewarding survivals may be expected.
Utility of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound and 4‐Dimensional Computed Tomography for Preoperative Detection and Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas Compared With Surgical Results
Authors: Lerner Alexander , Grant Edward G. , Acharya Jay , Chambers Tamara N. , Maceri Dennis R. , Cen Steven Yong , Tchelepi Hisham 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for detection of parathyroid adenomas and compare it to those of 4‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), which has been established as a reliable, effective tool for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas.MethodsAbout 27 patients with suspected parathyroid pathology underwent imaging evaluations with 4DCT and CEUS and 22 patients subsequently underwent surgical resection of parathyroid lesions. 4DCT and CEUS were performed and interpreted by consensus of two expert radiologists with extensive experience in each modality. Assessment for the side, z‐axis (craniocaudal axis), and quadrant of the pathologically proven lesion was performed based on the surgical report.ResultsFor single‐gland disease, the accuracy for CEUS localization to the correct quadrant and side were 81.0 and 90.1% respectively. For single‐gland disease, the accuracy for 4DCT localization to the correct quadrant and side were 81.0 and 90.5% respectively. 4DCT localization sensitivity and specificity were comparable to those for CEUS. 4DCT allowed for accurate diagnosis in multigland disease in contradistinction to CEUS.ConclusionsCEUS is a noninvasive, real‐time imaging technique that has relatively high diagnostic confidence and accuracy of localization which are comparable to the accuracy of 4DCT for preoperative parathyroid adenoma detection, characterization, and localization.This technique should be considered for primary preoperative diagnosis, especially in younger patients.
Depth of Invasion as an Independent Predictor of Survival in Patients of Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue
Authors: Tandon Sarthak , Ahlawat Parveen , Pasricha Sunil , Purohit Sandeep , Simson David K. , Dobriyal Kiran , Umesh Preetha , Mishra Manindra , Kumar Lalit , Karimi Ahmad M. , M Jwala , Gairola Munish 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveDepth of invasion (DOI) has been incorporated in the new AJCC 8th classification. However, even with this new AJCC classification stage III oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) remains a heterogenous group. The study aims at finding a discreet group within stage III using DOI as a cut‐off of 10 mm.MethodsThe institutional database was reviewed from 2012 to 2018 for postoperative stage III OTSCC patients who subsequently received postoperative radiotherapy. Ninety‐six patients matched the inclusion criteria. Two groups were created using a DOI cut‐off of 10 mm (superficial and deep groups). The groups were analyzed for overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS).ResultsThe baseline and treatment characteristics were comparable between the groups except for the higher number of extensive surgeries, endophytic configuration, pT3 and, DOI in the deep group. For a median follow‐up of 40.5 (range: 4–139) months, the median OS and RFS for the superficial group were not reached. The median OS and RFS for the deep group were 101 (range: 73.7–128.3) and 60 (range: 46.6–73.4) months, respectively. The difference was statistically significant for median RFS (P = .008) and trended toward significance for median OS (P = .066) for the superficial group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed DOI cut‐off as a significant predictor for RFS but not for OS.ConclusionDOI significantly predicts poor RFS. However, showed a trend toward poor OS. This study hints toward a possibility of sub‐dividing stage III OTSCC based on DOI cut‐off.Level of Evidence3 (Retrospective cohort study) Laryngoscope, 132:1594–1599, 2022
Characterization of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy by histology, magnetic resonance imaging, function, and strength assessments
Authors: Comi Giacomo P. , Niks Erik H. , Cinnante Claudia M. , Kan Hermien E. , Vandenborne Krista , Willcocks Rebecca J. , Velardo Daniele , Ripolone Michela , van Benthem Jules J. , van de Velde Nienke M. , Nava Simone , Ambrosoli Laura , Cazzaniga Sara , Bettica Paolo U. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsBecker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by variable disease severity and progression, prompting the identification of biomarkers for clinical trials. We used data from an ongoing phase II study to provide a comprehensive characterization of a cohort of patients with BMD, and to assess correlations between histological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers with muscle function and strength.MethodsEligible patients were ambulatory males with BMD, aged 18 to 65 years (200 to 450 meters on 6‐minute walk test). The following data were obtained: function test results, strength, fat‐fraction quantification using chemical shift‐encoded MRI (whole thigh and quadriceps), and fibrosis and muscle fiber area (MFA) of the brachial biceps.ResultsOf 70 patients screened, 51 entered the study. There was substantial heterogeneity between patients in muscle morphology (histology and MRI), with high fat replacement. Total fibrosis correlated significantly and mostly moderately with all functional endpoints, including both upper arm strength assessments (left and right elbow flexion rho −.574 and −.588, respectively [both P < .0001]), as did MRI fat fraction (whole thigh and quadriceps), for example, with four‐stair‐climb velocity −.554 and −.550, respectively (both P < .0001). Total fibrosis correlated significantly and moderately with both MRI fat fraction assessments (.500 [P = .0003] and .423 [.0024], respectively).DiscussionIn this BMD cohort, micro‐ and macroscopic morphological muscle parameters correlated moderately with each other and with functional parameters, potentially supporting the use of MRI fat fraction and histology as surrogate outcome measures in patients with BMD, although additional research is required to validate this.
Allocation of phasor measurement unit using an admissible searching‐based algorithm A‐star and binary search tree for full interconnected power network observability
Authors: Babu Rohit , Raj Saurav , Vijaychandra Joddumahanthi , Prasad Bugatha Ram Vara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this research work, an admissible searching‐based algorithm A‐star and binary search tree is proposed to unravel the optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement problem (OPPP) for achieving full interconnected power network observability considering contingencies. The proposed method is an advanced version of the best‐first search method that finds minuscule paths to the best solution. Moreover, it is an optimal and complete search method. Optimal signifies that the proposed method is guaranteed to unravel the minimum cost from origin to the terminus point and Complete denotes that it is going to determine all the possible paths that are available to us from the origin to the destination. The binary tree is used for this purpose as its structural design is well‐matched with the proposed method. Integrating an A‐star algorithm and binary search tree enhances the optimization and performance toward unraveling the OPPP. Also, for more than one solution of OPPP, redundancy measurement is taken into consideration. The proposed method is applied on standard IEEE‐14, ‐30, ‐118, New England‐39, and northern regional power grid (NRPG) 246‐bus test systems. Furthermore, to check the scalability of the proposed method, the Polish 2383‐bus system is considered. The obtained experimental results were compared to established procedures published in peer‐reviewed journals, and the proposed methodology outperformed the other comparison approaches. Thus, the proposed method successfully accomplishes complete observability of the power networks.
Rheological Behaviour of Energetic Concentrated Suspensions Lynked to Their Components Physico‐Chemical Properties
Authors: Sta Fabien , Boulnois Christophe , Lemaitre Cécile , Marchal Philippe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConcentrated suspensions are fluids that exhibit complex non‐Newtonian and time‐dependent rheological behaviour. The literature offers many structural models that typically take into account the influence of the viscosity of the continuous phase, the volume fraction of the dispersed phase and the geometrical characteristics of suspended particles. Due to their complex formulation, energetic suspensions require also the consideration of many other physicochemical factors. Each of these factors may affect the rheology of the suspension but can also act in synergy or antagonism with the other factors leading to complex couplings. In the present paper, the effect of all physicochemical properties of the solid particles on the suspension viscosity is taken into account. The physicochemical characteristics of both solids and fluids were first determined, which were used to build a design of experiments with the viscosity of the different formulations as the response. Thanks to multilinear regression and analysis of variance of the experimental data, combined with a mechanistic approach, a model was established, correlating the viscosity of the studied suspension to the shear rate and physicochemical properties of the solid phase.