bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bimodal inference in humans and mice
Authors: Weilnhammer Veith , Stuke Heiner , Standvoss Kai , Sterzer Philipp 
Published: August 2021

2AbstractPerception is known to cycle through periods of enhanced and reduced sensitivity to external information. Here, we asked whether such infra-slow fluctuations arise as a noise-related epiphenomenon of limited processing capacity or, alternatively, represent a structured mech­anism of perceptual inference. Using two large-scale datasets, we found that humans and mice waver between alternating intervals of externally- and internally-oriented modes of sensory analysis. During external mode, perception aligned more closely with the external sensory information, whereas internal mode was characterized by enhanced biases toward perceptual history. Computational modeling indicated that dynamic changes in mode are enabled by two interlinked factors: (i), the integration of subsequent inputs over time and, (ii), infra-slow anti-phase oscillations in the perceptual impact of external sensory information versus internal predictions that are provided by perceptual history. Simulated data suggested that between-mode fluctuations may benefit perception by generating unambiguous error signals that enable robust learning and metacognition in volatile environments.3One sentence summaryHumans and mice fluctuate between external and internal modes of sensory processing.
The Hybrid Drive: a chronic implant device combining tetrode arrays with silicon probes for layer-resolved ensemble electrophysiology in freely moving mice
Authors: Guardamagna Matteo , Eichler Ronny , Pedrosa Rafael , Aarts Arno , Meyer Arne F. , Battaglia Francesco P. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryUnderstanding the function of brain cortices requires simultaneous investigation at multiple spatial and temporal scales and to link neural activity to an animal’s behavior. A major challenge is to measure within- and across-layer information in actively behaving animals, in particular in mice that have become a major species in neuroscience due to an extensive genetic toolkit. Here we describe the Hybrid Drive, a new chronic implant for mice that combines tetrode arrays to record within-layer information with silicon probes to simultaneously measure across-layer information. The design of our device combines up to 14 tetrodes and 2 silicon probes, that can be arranged in custom arrays to generate unique areas-specific (and multi-area) layouts. We show that large numbers of neurons and layer-resolved local field potentials can be recorded from the same brain region across weeks without loss in electrophysiological signal quality. The drive’s lightweight structure (≈ 3.5 g) leaves animal behavior largely unchanged during a variety of experimental paradigms. We demonstrate how the data collected with the Hybrid Drive allow state-of-the-art analysis in a series of experiments linking the spiking activity of CA1 pyramidal layer neurons to the oscillatory activity across hippocampal layers. Our new device fits a gap in the existing technology and increases the range and precision of questions that can be addressed about neural computations in freely behaving mice.
TMS with fast and accurate electronic control: measuring the orientation sensitivity of corticomotor pathways
Authors: Souza Victor Hugo , Nieminen Jaakko O. , Tugin Sergei , Koponen Lari M. , Baffa Oswaldo , Ilmoniemi Risto J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils allow only a slow, mechanical adjustment of the stimulating electric field (E-field) orientation in the cerebral tissue. Fast E-field control is needed to synchronize the stimulation with the ongoing brain activity. Also, empirical models that fully describe the relationship between evoked responses and the stimulus orientation and intensity are still missing.ObjectiveWe aimed to (1) develop a TMS transducer for manipulating the E-field orientation electronically with high accuracy at the neuronally meaningful millisecond-level time scale and (2) devise and validate a physiologically based model describing the orientation selectivity of neuronal excitability.MethodsWe designed and manufactured a two-coil TMS transducer. The coil windings were computed with a minimum-energy optimization procedure, and the transducer was controlled with our custom-made electronics. The electronic E-field control was verified with a TMS characterizer. The motor evoked potential amplitude and latency of a hand muscle were mapped in 3° steps of the stimulus orientation in 16 healthy subjects for three stimulation intensities. We fitted a logistic model to the motor response amplitude.ResultsThe two-coil TMS transducer allows one to manipulate the pulse orientation accurately without manual coil movement. The motor response amplitude followed a logistic function of the stimulus orientation; this dependency was strongly affected by the stimulus intensity.ConclusionThe developed electronic control of the E-field orientation allows exploring new stimulation paradigms and probing neuronal mechanisms. The presented model helps to disentangle the neuronal mechanisms of brain function and guide future non-invasive stimulation protocols.
Nonaudit services, audit committee characteristics and accruals quality in Malaysia
Authors: Nik Abdul Majid Wan Zurina , Abdul Wahab Effiezal Aswadi , Haron Hasnah , Agustia Dian , Nasih Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe study examines the relationship between nonaudit services (NAS) and accruals quality in Malaysia. The study also considers several important characteristics of audit committee as the determinant for accruals quality. Next, the study examines whether these characteristics mitigate the relationship between NAS and accruals quality.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs descriptive analysis, univariate tests and multivariate regression to investigate the potential effect of NAS on acruals quality. Data for audit committee characteristics were hand collected from annual reports downloaded from Bursa Malaysia's website.FindingsBased on 1,118 firm-year observations for the period 2009–2011, the study finds that NAS negatively impact accruals quality. This empirical result indicates that the economic bond that is created between auditors and clients restricts the auditors from performing their duty objectively. A fully independent audit committee weakens the negative relationship between NAS and auditor independence.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample period represents a limitation since it only covers three years of data. This limitation is largely driven by the nature of data collection of NAS fees.Practical implicationsThese results contribute to Malaysia's policy deliberation to account for the effects of NAS on auditor independence and the oversight role of an audit committee. This study contributes to theoretical perspectives on accruals quality and corporate governance in Malaysia.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research, coupled with institutional data in Malaysia, claims the originality of this research.
Benefits of psychological capital on host country nationals’ support and burnout of Chinese expatriates in Thailand: the moderating effect of personal characteristics
Authors: Fu Liping , Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth 
Published: August 2021

PurposeAnchored on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examines the direct impact of psychological capital (PsyCap) on the level of burnout experienced by Chinese expatriates working in Thailand. The social support offered by host country national (HCN) coworkers is postulated as the mediator that might transfer the impact of PsyCap on burnout. In addition, this study taps whether Chinese expatriates' personal factors, including gender and host language proficiency, might intensify or attenuate the role of PsyCap on HCN coworker support.Design/methodology/approachFrom the Chinese expatriates who are working for 15 Chinese subsidiaries in Thailand, 413 valid questionnaires were collected. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis.FindingsThe result confirms a negative linkage between PsyCap and burnout, with HCN coworker support as the partial mediator. Furthermore, the moderation estimation reports that the positive role of PsyCap on HCN coworker support is particularly attenuated for the Chinese expatriates who are female and who have a high level of host language proficiency.Originality/valueThe finding of this study offers additional knowledge to the literature by utilizing the COR theory to elucidate the mechanism under which PsyCap can protect the expatriates from burnout through the mediator of HCN coworker support. The study also reveals that the beneficial role of PsyCap in facilitating the availability of HCN coworker support could be contingent on some personal factors relating to the Chinese expatriates.
Knowledge transferring and small and medium enterprise’s (SME's) effectiveness: emerging insights and future directions
Authors: Biloslavo Roberto , Lombardi Rosa 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to define knowledge transfer and small and medium enterprise’s (SME's) effectiveness. This research framework examines how employees understand, create and apply knowledge in a day-to-day working context, and how knowledge and other organisational factors influence knowledge transfer within the organisation.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach was applied. The authors conducted semi-structured group interviews with the members of three departments of a small hi-tech company. All collected data were manually coded, using in vivo coding and discussed among the authors. As the continuation of the semi-structured group interview, the technique of cognitive maps was applied.FindingsAccording to the results, the critical elements of knowledge transfer within small hi-tech companies seem (1) available slack time, (2) reciprocity and level of trust among employees, (3) social capital of employees and (4) practically oriented technical knowledge. It is also noted that the knowledge transfer is carried out to solve the problems identified by the employees, and these seek knowledge directly from the knowledge bearers who represent a kind of organisational memory.Practical implicationsKnowledge transfer in SMEs occurs almost exclusively face-by-face, and individuals involved pay attention to the time required by this process. The co-creation of an organisational space that allows and supports an open discussion within and between departments is therefore of fundamental importance in order not to preclude organisational learning. In addition, non-financial incentives must be established to help transfer tacit knowledge. This allows to overcome the difficulty of employees in recognising the organisational knowledge base that they see above all in themselves.Originality/valueThis paper throws additional light on understanding how knowledge transfer happens within small hi-tech companies. The applied qualitative research methods allow a better understanding of the “how” and “why” questions associated with the social processes surrounding knowledge transfer.
Corporate governance in small and medium enterprises: a review
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Pillai Deepa 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Research signifies that well-governed companies exhibit long-run financial results and sustainable growth. In the context of SMEs, this paper aims to review the literature on corporate governance, the implementation challenges of corporate governance and its relationship with performance. Entwined with Indian scenarios, the study can be generalized to other emerging economies, with geographic considerations.

Design/methodology/approach
Studies from 1990 to 2020 are included in the literature review. Three databases were used for the extraction of relevant research articles: Scopus, EBSCO and ScienceDirect. To identify the relevant work, keywords along with Boolean operators for literature search were used from the research databases. The selected articles were further refined based on the authors’ keywords, journal type, data analysis methodologies and abstract analysis. Finally, 115 articles were selected and categorized into themes based on inclusion criteria for further study.

Findings
Corporate governance provides tangible and intangible benefits to SMEs. The study emphasizes on designing a cost-effective discrete governance mechanism for SMEs than the prevailing corporate governance code for large firms. Furthermore, implementing the corporate governance structure with a great level of discipline and stability is equally essential and related to performance.

Originality/value
Listing of SMEs is a relatively new phenomenon in emerging economies, including India. With listing, corporate governance and financial performance are expected to shift. The inclusion of the changing landscape of SME governance makes this study unique and relevant in the current scenario. The study will benefit the policymakers and firms to adopt optimum governance practices and link it optimally with performance.
Information-seeking behavior in the digital age: use by faculty members of the internet, scientific databases and social networks
Authors: Rostami Chia , Hosseini Elaheh , Saberi Mohammad Karim 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The study aims to survey information-seeking behavior of the Iranian medical faculty members and to identify the reasons and obstacles of their usage via the internet, scientific databases and online social networks.

Design/methodology/approach
In this cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire used to collect data. The research population includes faculty members of four faculties of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in Iran, including health, nursing – midwifery, paramedicine and rehabilitation. SPSS software was used to analyze data in descriptive and analytical levels.

Findings
Low internet speed, network traffic and lack of time were the main barriers and difficulties. Gender was significantly related with familiarity with databases, problems and barriers to accessing information, barriers to using social network, as well as purpose and motivation of using social network. Search for educational and research resources and use of social network to increase their general information were the main goals of participants to using the internet and databases. A negative significant relationship was observed between usage of social network with age (r = −0.204, P = 0.047) and experience (r = −0.239, P = 0.019).

Originality/value
The usage of faculty members of various digital resources is growing ever more. This study examines the use of faculty members of the internet, scientific databases and online social networks simultaneously.
A comparison between chatbot and human service: customer perception and reuse intention
Authors: Lei Sut Ieng , Shen Haili , Ye Shun 
Published: August 2021

PurposeChatbot users’ communication experience with disembodied conversational agents was compared with instant messaging (IM) users’ communication experience with human conversational agents. The purpose of this paper is to identify what affects users’ intention to reuse and whether they perceive any difference between the two.

Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model was developed based on computer-mediated communication (CMC) and interpersonal communication theories. Data were collected online from four different continents (North America, Europe, Asia and Australia). Partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied to examine the research model.

FindingsThe findings mainly reveal that media richness and social presence positively influence trust and reuse intention through task attraction and social attraction; IM users reported significantly higher scores in terms of communication experience, perceived attractiveness of the conversational agent, and trust than chatbot users; users’ trust in the conversational agents is mainly determined by perceived task attraction.

Research limitations/implicationsCustomers’ evaluation of the communication environment is positively related to their perceived competence of the conversational agent which ultimately affect their intention to reuse chatbot/IM. The findings reveal determinants of chatbot/IM adoption which have rarely been mentioned by previous work.

Practical implicationsPractitioners should note that consumers in general still prefer to interact with human conversational agents. Practitioners should contemplate how to combine chatbot and human resources effectively to deliver the best customer service.

Originality/valueThis study goes beyond the Computer as Social Actor paradigm and Technology Acceptance Model to understand chatbot and IM adoption. It is among one of the first studies that compare chatbot and IM use experience in the tourism and hospitality literature.
Making memories: a consumer-based model of authenticity applied to living history sites
Authors: Kesgin Muhammet , Taheri Babak , Murthy Rajendran S. , Decker Juilee , Gannon Martin Joseph 
Published: August 2021

PurposeUnderpinned by the consumer-based model of authenticity (CBA), this study aims to investigate whether leisure involvement, object-based and existential authenticity, host sincerity and engagement stimulate positive memorable visitor experiences in a distinctive commercial hospitality setting: a living history site.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative data were gathered from living history site visitors (n= 1,004), with partial least squares structural equation modeling used to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results confirm the inclusion of the hypothesized relationships between leisure involvement, sincerity and authenticity, relative to engagement and subsequent memorability. The findings suggest that engagement can be a predictor of a positive memorable experience, contingent on CBA constructs (sincerity; object-based authenticity; existential authenticity). The significant association between object-based authenticity and memorable experience identified herein differs from some published studies, while other results are broadly consistent with extant research. Results also reveal significant differences for visitors who purchased souvenirs when compared to those who did not.Research limitations/implicationsThe research extends the CBA by positing sincere hospitality as a relationship-based encounter between host and guest that influences social interaction, engagement and memorability within the novel living history site context. Further, the ability to differentiate visitors based on their purchases at the site is illustrated.Originality/valueGiven the ubiquity of engagement and authenticity as precursors to memorable experiences within contemporary commercial hospitality and heritage discourses, the findings apply to hospitality experiences beyond the living history site context examined herein.
Getting to Yesin the cross-cultural-context: ‘one size doesn’t fit all’ – a critical review of principled negotiations across borders
Authors: Schoen Raphael 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the implicitly assumed universality of the best seller negotiation literatureGetting to Yesby Roger Fisher and William Ury.Design/methodology/approachExisting cross-cultural negotiation literature was systematically searched for findings indicating either a higher or lower likelihood of successfully applying the authors’ advice in different cultural environments, as defined in the Hofstede framework or The Globe Study. The findings were aggregated, categorized into a matrix, synthesized and analyzed.FindingsThis paper finds that the assumed universality of the method ofGetting to Yesand its single principles is not supported by research. Instead, a dichotomy of the four principles’ applicability along the Individuality dimension of Hofstede was found. Hence, the western orientation ofGetting to Yesis reality, inhibiting its use in non-western cultures. However, in one principle – Invent options for mutual gain – the findings refute a successful application in western cultures. Additional findings and research gaps are presented.Practical implicationsPractitioners should applyGetting to Yeswith caution, if at all, in a non-western environment. For the teaching of negotiations, alternative approaches for conducting negotiations in the non-western world are needed.Originality/valueAlthough widely used in research, scholars only addressed sporadic comments concerning the limitations ofGetting to Yesacross cultures. Often the universality ofGetting to Yesis either implicitly or explicitly assumed in research and practice. This paper approaches this topic systematically by providing evidence thatGetting to Yesis not universal and conceptually sees negotiations through a western shaped perspective that provides considerable implications for research, practice and teaching.
Failing the rights: sexual vulnerability, access to services and barriers to contraceptives among adolescents in Narok County, Kenya
Authors: Manguro Griffins , Mwaisaka Jefferson , Okoro Dan , Korir Kigen , Owira Patricia , Githinji Gerald , Olajide Ademola , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Around one in five girls in Kenya, aged 15 to 19 years old are either pregnant or have given birth. Of 47 counties, adolescent pregnancy is highest in Narok, where about 40% of girls aged 15 to 19 years old have begun childbearing. This study aims to explore drivers to sexual activity, access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents in Narok County, Kenya to inform the design of SRH interventions and safeguard young people’s rights to sexual health.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional mixed methods study was conducted in December 2019. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires among girls aged 15 to 19 years old who were either pregnant or had given birth and those who had not and boys aged 15 to 19 years old. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions with adolescent girls and boys and through structured key informant interviews with parents, community leaders and health workers.

Findings
The mean age at first sexual intercourse for both genders was 15 years. While the majority of girls and boys knew where to access SRH services, few used contraception during their last sexual activity. There was no significant difference in the condom or other contraceptive methods use between girls who had begun child bearing and those who had not (p = 0.549 and p = 0.563, respectively). Key drivers for sexual activity among young people were poverty and peer pressure. Cultural practices such as female genital mutilation and early marriage contributed to early sex. Community attitudes toward contraception discouraged young people from taking up contraceptives.

Originality/value
This mixed methods study explores the drivers of adolescent pregnancy in Narok, Kenya, the county with the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy; twice the national pregnancy rates. Understanding the drivers of pregnancy and the underlying human rights violations will help policymakers and health leaders to design interventions which will improve outcomes.