bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural sleep loss is associated with lower mPFC activity during negative distracter processing
Authors: Dimitrov Annika , Nowak Jonathan , Ligdorf Armin , Oei Nicole Y. L. , Adli Mazda , Walter Henrik , Veer Ilya M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that loss of sleep has a negative impact on both emotional and cognitive functioning. We examined whether subjectively reported natural sleep loss is associated with the interplay between emotion and cognition, as was probed by brain activity in response to emotional distraction during a working memory task. Forty-six healthy male adults reported their typical weekly sleep pattern using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), while recent sleep loss was enquired using a sleep diary in the 7 days preceding scanning. Participants performed a delayed match-to-sample task with negative and neutral distracters during the delay period inside the MRI scanner. Activity differences between negative and neutral distracters were associated to both sleep loss measures across participants. The amount of typically encountered sleep loss indicated by the MCTQ, but not sleep diary, was negatively associated with activity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during emotionally negative compared to neutral distraction (p < 0.025, whole brain corrected). Participants showed less distracter-related activity in the ACC and dorsomedial PFC with increasing sleep loss, which, in the long run, might contribute to less adaptive emotional processing, and therefore a greater vulnerability to develop affective disorders.
Effectiveness and Safety of Antiretroviral Treatment in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women Living with HIV in a Multicentre Cohort
Authors: Alejos Belén , Suárez-García Inés , Bernardino Jose Ignacio , Blanco José Ramón , Peñaranda Maria , Bautista Azucena , Gutiérrez Félix , Jarrín Inma , Hernando Victoria ,   the CORIS cohort
Published: January 2021

Background To compare effectiveness and safety of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) among premenopausal and postmenopausal women living with HIV aged 45–60 years from the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) who initiated ART between 2004 and 2015. Methods Multivariable regression models were used to compare post- versus premenopausal women regarding viral suppression (≤50 copies/ml), change in CD4+ T-cell count and time to treatment change (TC) at 48 and 96 weeks after ART initiation. Results Among 230 women, 154 (67%) were premeno-pausal at ART initiation. The most frequent initial regimen was tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/efavirenz prescribed in 49 (32%) premenopausal and 22 (29%) postmenopausal women. The proportion of TC was 35.7% and 30.3% at 48 weeks and 51.3% and 47.4% at 96 weeks, for pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. There were no significant differences in CD4+ T-cell count changes from ART initiation, viral load suppression, time to TC or reason for TC between both groups. The main reason for TC was occurrence of an adverse event, followed by simplification, in both groups. Conclusions ART effectiveness and safety did not differ significantly between pre- and postmenopausal women.
Failure to respond to a coral disease epizootic in Florida: causes and consequences
Authors: Precht William 
Published: January 2021

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first observed in September 2014 near Virginia Key, Florida. In roughly six years, the disease spread throughout Florida and into the greater Caribbean basin. The high prevalence of SCTLD and high resulting mortality in coral populations, and the large number of susceptible species affected, suggest that this outbreak is one of the most lethal ever recorded. The initial recognition and management response to this catastrophic disease in Florida was slow, which delayed the start of monitoring programs and prevented coordinated research programs by at least two years. The slow management response was a result of several factors that operated concurrently.
First, the Port Miami dredging project was ongoing during the coral disease epidemic and dredging rather than SCTLD was blamed by some managers and local environmental groups for the extreme coral losses reported in the project’s compliance monitoring program. Second, this blame was amplified in the media because dredging projects are intuitively assumed to be bad for coral reefs. Third, during this same time State of Florida policy prohibited government employees to acknowledge global warming in their work. This was problematic because ocean warming is a proximal cause of many coral diseases. As a result, the well-known links between warming and coral disease were ignored. A consequence of this policy was that the dredging project provided an easy target to blame for the coral mortality noted in the monitoring program, despite convincing data that suggested otherwise.
Specifically, results from the intensive compliance monitoring program, conducted by trained scientific divers, were clear. SCTLD that was killing massive numbers of corals throughout Florida was also killing corals at the dredge site – and in the same proportions and among the same suite of species. While eradication of the disease was never a possibility, early control measures may have slowed its spread or allowed for the rescue of significant numbers of large colonies of iconic species. This coral disease outbreak has similarities to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and there are lessons learned from both that will improve disease response outcomes in the future, to the benefit of coral reefs and human populations.
Scénarios climatiques en finance
Authors: Boissinot Jean , Heller Thomas C. 
Published: January 2021

Le recours à des scénarios permettant d'appréhender le changement climatique et/ou la transition bas carbone s'impose progressivement en matière de financement et d'investissement. Cet usage, cohérent avec la nature des phénomènes étudiés (incertitude profonde), appelle toutefois une réflexion raisonnée : l'approche par les scénarios est absolument différente de l'approche probabiliste qui sous-tend l'analyse économique et les techniques financières. Après avoir discuté de l'usage des scénarios dans un contexte financier, nous évoquons trois enjeux propres à la « finance verte » (l'utilisation de scénarios « normatifs », le développement de scénarios dans le cadre de stress tests et la construction de scénarios adaptés au besoin des utilisateurs financiers). Classification JEL : B41, E58, Q54, Q58.
Les conséquences du changement climatique pour la politique monétaire
Authors: Dées Stéphane , Weber Pierre-François 
Published: January 2021

Le changement climatique est l'un des grands défis auxquels doivent faire face les banques centrales, affectant potentiellement les variables macroéconomiques utilisées pour fonder leurs décisions monétaires et les canaux de transmission de celles-ci à l'économie réelle. Il pourrait affecter les marges de manœuvre dont les banques centrales disposent pour remplir leur mandat et, en raison d'une plus grande incertitude, pourrait également les amener à examiner certains des arbitrages qu'elles doivent trancher dans un régime monétaire de ciblage d'inflation. En conséquence, les banques centrales doivent non seulement intégrer les effets du changement climatique dans leurs analyses et leurs modèles, mais aussi prendre en compte les risques climatiques dans l'élaboration des instruments qui servent à mettre en œuvre la politique monétaire. Classification JEL : E52, E58, Q54, Q58.
Stratégies d'investissement bas-carbone
Authors: Goosens Bart , Jallet Sébastien , Czupryna David 
Published: January 2021

Les investisseurs du monde entier sont aujourd'hui de plus en plus nombreux à prendre en considération le risque climatique dans leurs décisions d'investissement. Plusieurs approches ont été développées pour intégrer cette problématique dans l'analyse des investissements et la constitution d'un portefeuille. Dans cet article, nous analysons deux stratégies standards dédiées à l'optimisation de l'empreinte carbone d'un portefeuille : l'exclusion et l'optimisation. Nos simulations révèlent que l'optimisation permet une importante réduction de CO 2 en portefeuille, sans accroître son risque et ce avec un faible biais sectoriel. L'optimisation améliore le profil de risque ESG global du portefeuille et répond aux enjeux climatiques soulevés par les investisseurs. Cette approche devrait selon nous devenir la norme dans un avenir proche. Classification JEL : G11, Q54, Q56.
Les déterminants de la performance éthique des banques islamiques
Authors: Roussel Josse , Obeid Hassan , Slimene Nadia 
Published: January 2021

L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les déterminants de la performance éthique, mesurée par le respect des principes de la Chariah , de l'industrie bancaire islamique. À partir d'un questionnaire distribué aux clients de banques islamiques, nous avons mesuré le poids relatif des différents facteurs ayant une influence sur la performance éthique des banques islamiques. Nous nous appuyons sur la régression logistique multinomiale pour évaluer si le facteur religieux est fortement corrélé à la performance éthique. Classification JEL : G21, P40.
Quel droit à la ville pour des personnes en fragilité psychique ? Les enseignements de l’étude d’un groupe d’entraide mutuelle
Authors: Painter Sara 
Published: January 2021

Faire partie de la ville et pouvoir agir sur elle sont deux composantes majeures du droit à la ville tel qu’il a été élaboré par Henri Lefebvre. Mais qu’en est-il pour des personnes en fragilité psychique ? Sous quelles formes ces personnes peuvent-elles exercer un tel droit ? Dans cet article, nous proposons les résultats d’une enquête qualitative menée dans une association d’entraide entre pairs, appelée « groupe d’entraide mutuelle » ( gem ) et située dans une petite ville française. De quelle manière le gem étudié contribue-t-il à restaurer un lien entre les adhérents et la ville ? En quoi fréquenter cette association favorise-t-il le sentiment qu’ont ces personnes de faire partie de la ville, tout en développant leur pouvoir d’agir sur la ville ? Telles sont les questions abordées dans ce texte qui vise à nourrir la réflexion sur l’inclusion dans la ville des personnes vieillissantes en fragilité psychique.
Psychologie positive et formation des adultes : le flow ou le plaisir de comprendre tout au long de la vie
Authors: Heutte Jean 
Published: January 2021

Sous l’impulsion initiale de Seligman et Csíkszentmihályi, la psychologie positive qui a émergé il y a maintenant un peu plus d’une vingtaine d’années peut être définie comme l’étude des conditions et processus qui contribuent à l’épanouissement ou au fonctionnement optimal des individus, des groupes et des institutions. Cette quatrième vague de la psychologie scientifique contemporaine s’intéresse plus particulièrement à l’étude empirique du développement humain optimal. Elle marque aussi la mise en lumière de la théorie de l’expérience optimale ou autotélique (du « flow ») élaborée dans les années 1970 par Csíkszentmihályi. Cependant, peu de travaux en langue française sont consacrés aux apports de la psychologie positive dans le champ spécifique de l’éducation et de la formation des adultes. Aussi, après un focus sur l’émergence de la préoccupation du développement humain optimal, puis un examen critique de la psychologie positive, l’essentiel de cette note de synthèse concernera l’expérience autotélique, plus particulièrement dans son éclairage original de la dimension sociale de l’apprenance, ainsi que de la persistance à vouloir comprendre tout au long de la vie.
Status of Choriocapillaris in Fellow Eyes of Patients With Unilateral Retinal Vein Occlusions
Authors: Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Kazak Alina A. , Burnasheva Maria A. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To study the status of the choriocapillaris in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusions (RVOs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Thirty-two healthy eyes of patients with unilateral RVO and 16 eyes of healthy age-matched controls were included. Choriocapillaris flow voids and device-specific choriocapillaris total flow areas were quantified based on 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans and their correlation with the number of resolved para-central acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) lesions on 6-mm OCTA scans was calculated.

RESULTS:

In fellow eyes of unilateral RVOs and in eyes of healthy individuals, the number of choriocapillaris flow voids was 20.8 ± 5.5 and 13.4 ± 5.4, respectively (
P
< .001), and choriocapillaris total flow area was 6.0 ± 0.34 mm
2
and 6.22 ± 0.13 mm
2
, respectively (
P
= .005). The number of resolved PAMM lesions correlates significantly with the number of choriocapillaris flow voids (r = 0.44;
P
= .002) and with choriocapillaris total flow area (r = −0.52;
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:
Fellow eyes of patients with unilateral RVO demonstrate a substantial decrease of perfusion in choriocapillaris, which correlates with the prevalence of small resolved PAMM lesions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:23–28.]
Identification and Characterization of Zebrafish Tlr4 Coreceptor Md-2
Authors: Loes Andrea N. , Hinman Melissa N. , Farnsworth Dylan R. , Miller Adam C. , Guillemin Karen , Harms Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism for studies of the innate immune system. One apparent difference between human and zebrafish innate immunity is the cellular machinery for LPS sensing. In amniotes, the protein complex formed by TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (Tlr4/Md-2) recognizes the bacterial molecule LPS and triggers an inflammatory response. It is believed that zebrafish have neither Md-2 nor Tlr4; Md-2 has not been identified outside of amniotes, whereas the zebrafish tlr4 genes appear to be paralogs, not orthologs, of amniote TLR4s. We revisited these conclusions. We identified a zebrafish gene encoding Md-2, ly96. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that ly96 is transcribed in cells that also transcribe genes diagnostic for innate immune cells, including the zebrafish tlr4-like genes. In larval zebrafish, ly96 is expressed in a small number of macrophage-like cells. In a functional assay, zebrafish Md-2 and Tlr4ba form a complex that activates NF-κB signaling in response to LPS. In larval zebrafish ly96 loss-of-function mutations perturbed LPS-induced cytokine production but gave little protection against LPS toxicity. Finally, by analyzing the genomic context of tlr4 genes in 11 jawed vertebrates, we found that tlr4 arose prior to the divergence of teleosts and tetrapods. Thus, an LPS-sensitive Tlr4/Md-2 complex is likely an ancestral feature shared by mammals and zebrafish, rather than a de novo invention on the tetrapod lineage. We hypothesize that zebrafish retain an ancestral, low-sensitivity Tlr4/Md-2 complex that confers LPS responsiveness to a specific subset of innate immune cells.
Polyfunctional Tier 2–Neutralizing Antibodies Cloned following HIV-1 Env Macaque Immunization Mirror Native Antibodies in a Human Donor
Authors: Spencer David A. , Malherbe Delphine C. , Vázquez Bernat Néstor , Ádori Monika , Goldberg Benjamin , Dambrauskas Nicholas , Henderson Heidi , Pandey Shilpi , Cheever Tracy , Barnette Philip , Sutton William F. , Ackerman Margaret E. , Kobie James J. , Sather D. Noah , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B. , Haigwood Nancy L. , Hessell Ann J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Vaccine efforts to combat HIV are challenged by the global diversity of viral strains and shielding of neutralization epitopes on the viral envelope glycoprotein trimer. Even so, the isolation of broadly neutralizing Abs from infected individuals suggests the potential for eliciting protective Abs through vaccination. This study reports a panel of 58 mAbs cloned from a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) immunized with envelope glycoprotein immunogens curated from an HIV-1 clade C–infected volunteer. Twenty mAbs showed neutralizing activity, and the strongest neutralizer displayed 92% breadth with a median IC50 of 1.35 μg/ml against a 13-virus panel. Neutralizing mAbs predominantly targeted linear epitopes in the V3 region in the cradle orientation (V3C) with others targeting the V3 ladle orientation (V3L), the CD4 binding site (CD4bs), C1, C4, or gp41. Nonneutralizing mAbs bound C1, C5, or undetermined conformational epitopes. Neutralization potency strongly correlated with the magnitude of binding to infected primary macaque splenocytes and to the level of Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, but did not predict the degree of Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Using an individualized germline gene database, mAbs were traced to 23 of 72 functional IgHV alleles. Neutralizing V3C Abs displayed minimal nucleotide somatic hypermutation in the H chain V region (3.77%), indicating that relatively little affinity maturation was needed to achieve in-clade neutralization breadth. Overall, this study underscores the polyfunctional nature of vaccine-elicited tier 2–neutralizing V3 Abs and demonstrates partial reproduction of the human donor’s humoral immune response through nonhuman primate vaccination.
Cyberbullying among Young Saudi Online Gamers and Its Relation to Depression
Authors: AlJaffer Mohammed , Alshehri Khalid , Almutairi Malak , Aljumaiah Abdullah , Alfraiji Abdulaziz , Hakami Mohammed , Al-Dossary Muhammad , Irfan Tehreem 
Published: January 2021

Background:
There is a worldwide interest that has been dedicated to discovering the impact of online video games on mental health among young gamers and its association with the risk of cyberbullying. Many studies have suggested that cyberbullying is associated with the development of depression. To our knowledge, there are no studies that have been carried out in Saudi Arabia that addressed such a topic.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of cyberbullying among Saudi online video gamers, and it is associated risk to the development of depression.

Methods:
Using an anonymous online questionnaire posted on social media, a total of 143 caregivers of young Saudi gamers agreed to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire examined multiple factors including addressing the act of cyberbullying for their association with developing depression. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to evaluate for depression.

Results:
Out of 143 gamers, 30 reported being cyberbullied as disclosed by their caregivers, half of which showed depressive symptoms. This had a statistical significance of P = 0.00001. Online chatting was associated with an increased risk of being cyberbullied.

Conclusion:
The trend of cyberbullying among young gamers is alarming. Depression and suicidality are strongly associated with such phenomena. The impact on emotional and behavioral changes among this group of individuals is encouraged to be further addressed and investigated.
Role of Sleep and Sleep Disorders on Motor and Nonmotor Features of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Korkmaz Bektaş , Yıldız Büşra , Şenel Gülçin Benbir , Karadeniz Derya 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the Study:
Sleep problems are frequently encountered in Parkinson's disease (PD), including sleep fragmentation, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep-disordered breathing. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between sleep structure and sleep disorders on motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD.

Basic Procedures:
Seventy-three consecutive patients diagnosed as having PD based on the United Kingdom Brain Bank Criteria were prospectively enrolled. Detailed histories of PD-related symptoms, sleep anamnesis, subjective evaluation of nocturnal sleep, and daytime sleepiness were made. All participants underwent one-night video-polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) in a sleep laboratory.

Main Findings:
A significant correlation was present between female sex and RLS (P = 0.009). Age and body mass index showed no significant correlations with PD-related parameters including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and PSG parameters. RLS or RBD showed no significant correlation with PD-related variables. Among PSG parameters, higher REM sleep percentages showed a statistically significant correlation with increased scores of UPDRS part III (P = 0.007). A statistically significant negative correlation was present between apnea–hypopnea index and PD duration (P = 0.005), and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was statistically significantly correlated with lower scores of UPDRS part II (P = 0.050). The mean sleep latency in MSLT decreased as the dose of dopaminergic treatment increased (P = 0.016).

Principal Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that changes in sleep structure and sleep-related disorders observed in PD could be attributed to intrinsic disease-related properties. The presence of changes in sleep structure as higher REM sleep percentages and sleep-related disorders such as OSAS show correlations with the severity of PD.
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder cancer on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Verma Ritu , Belho Ethel , Dhawan Shashi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe abnormal thickening of the gallbladder (GB) wall can be caused by a malignant condition like gallbladder carcinoma or by benign lesions such as chronic cholecystitis or xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC). Mural thickening is a common finding between them as fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) can be taken up by inflammatory cells also. Here, we present a patient with irregular thickening of the GB wall which was suspected to of GB carcinoma since FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan showed increased tracer uptake in the lesion. However, after surgery the histopathological report was suggestive of XGC.
Learning curve of students of the Bashkir state medical University in the educational process on endovideosimulators.
Authors: Galimov O. V. , Khanov V. O. , Safargalina A. G. , Kashapova A. R. , Dashdamirova N. R. , Makhortov R. I. 
Published: January 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the learning curve of 40 students of Bashkir State Medical University on the technique of intracorporeal suture on a box simulator developed at the Department of Surgical diseases and new technologies and the "LapSim" simulator. Students who had different levels of manual skills were divided into two groups: the first - trained on a "box simulator", the second - trained on a "LapSim"simulator. To assess the level of development of practical skills, indicators of time spent on performing manipulation (in minutes) and GOALS (Global Operational Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills) were used. To assess the level of development of practical skills, indicators of time spent on performing manipulation (in minutes) and GOALS scores (Global Operational Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills). During analysis of the results there is a significant reduction of the time of performing manipulation in groups with an increase of the experience of students (in the performance of the second and third attempts). Training on a box simulator subjectively turned out to be easier for students than on a virtual laparoscopy simulator "LapSim".