bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of miR-1251-5p/miR-6892-5p Expression With Clinicopathological Factors in Premenopausal Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Bin , Liu Yang , Wang Fei , Zhang Yu , Gan Lu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

This study is aim to profile the differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) of premenopausal endometrial cancer (EC), identify their target genes and understand their roles in carcinogenesis.
Methods

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 3 premenopausal EC and 3 premenopausal normal endometrial tissues. Selection of candidate miRNAs and subsequent validation were performed by qRT-PCR on 20 premenopausal EC, 30 premenopausal normal endometrial and 40 postmenopausal EC samples. The relationship between DEMs and clinical characteristics was analyzed. Moreover, bioinformatic software programs and databases were applied to predict miRNA target genes, molecular functions, and signaling pathways.
Results

136 upregulated and 131 downregulated DEMs were identified. The expression of miR-1251-5p was highly upregulated in premenopausal EC samples compared with premenopausal normal endometrial samples and significantly downregulated compared with postmenopausal EC samples. The expression of miR-6892-5p was highly upregulated in premenopausal EC samples compared with premenopausal normal endometrial samples and postmenopausal EC samples. In the premenopausal EC group, miR-1251-5p expression was closely correlated with menarche age, number of pregnancies, tumor grading, myometrial infiltration and lymph node metastasis; miR-6892-5p expression was closely correlated with BMI, hypertension, tumor grading, and metastasis.
Conclusions

miR-1251-5p and miR-6892-5p may play important roles in tumorigenesis progression of premenopausal EC.
Outer Membrane Vesicles of Bordetella pertussis Encapsulated into Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles as Novel Vaccine Delivery System
Authors: Rami Abbas , Kazemi-Lomedasht Fatemeh , Mirjalili Ali , Noofeli Mojtaba , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh , Dounighi Naser M. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) release from Gram-negative bacteria and are interesting
alternatives that can replace those vaccines that contain naturally incorporated bacterial surface antigens,
lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Nanoparticles can be used to encapsulate vesicles
for slow release and prevent macromolecular degradation.

Objective:
Therefore, encapsulation of OMVs of B. pertussis into sodium alginate nanoparticles was the main
aim of the current study.

Methods:
The OMVs of B. pertussis extracted and characterized by particle sizer, electron microscopy,
SDSPAGE and Western blot assays. The extracted OMVs were encapsulated in sodium alginate nanoparticles
(OMV-NP) using unique gelation process and injected into BALB/c mice. Immunogenicity indices such as different
classes of antibodies and interleukins related to different T cell lines were evaluated in immunized mice
by ELISA. The respiratory challenge was evaluated in the groups of mice. The existence of pertussis toxin
(PTX), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) and PRN (pertactin) in B. pertussis OMVs was verified using SDSPAGE
and Western blot analysis.

Results:
TEM electron microscopy showed the size of these OMVs to be around 20-80 nm. The OMVs with
appropriate quality were encapsulated into sodium alginate nanoparticles (OMV-NP), and the final size was
about 500 nm after encapsulation. Immunity indices were significantly higher in the OMV-NP receiving group.
In challenge tests, the OMV-NP vaccine was able to show the highest rate of lung clearance compared to the
control groups (OMV and wPV) at the lowest injection dose.

Conclusion:
The results indicate the potential of OMV-NP as a novel vaccine delivery system.
Bacteriocins: Recent Advances in its Application as an Antimicrobial
Alternative
Authors: Fathizadeh Hadis , Pakdel Farzaneh , Saffari Mahmood , Esmaeili Davoud , Heravi Mansooreh Momen , Dao Sounkalo , Ganbarov Khudaverdi , Kafil Hossein Samadi 
Published: September 2021

:
Due to the emergence and development of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of bacterial infections, efforts to discover new antimicrobial agents have increased. One of these antimicrobial agents is a compound produced by a large number of bacteria called bacteriocin. Bacteriocins are small ribosomal polypeptides that can exert their antibacterial effects against bacteria close to their producer strain or even non-closely-relatedstrains. Adequate knowledge of the structure and functional mechanisms of bacteriocins and their spectrum of activity, as well as knowledge of the mechanisms of possible resistance to these compounds, will lead to further development of their use as an alternative to antibiotics. Furthermore, most bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have the ability to produce bacteriocins, which spread throughout the GIT. Despite antimicrobial studies in vitro, our knowledge of bacteriocins in the GIT and the migration of these bacteriocins from the epithelial barrier is low. Hence, in this study, we reviewed general information about bacteriocins, such as classification, mechanism of action and resistance, emphasizing their presence, stability, and spectrum of activity in the GIT.
Rational Design and Evaluation of the Recombinant Multiepitope Protein
for Serodiagnosis of Rubella
Authors: Souza Marilen , Machado Juliana , da Silva Jonatas , Ramos Luana , Nogueira Lais , Ribeiro Patrícia , Dias Daniel , Santos Josiane , Santos José Carlos , Nóbrega Yanna , Souza Amanda , Freitas Sonia , da Paz Mariana Campos , Felipe Maria , Torres Fernando , Galdino Alexsandro 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Rubella is an infection caused by rubella virus (RV) and is generally regarded as a mild childhood disease. The disease continues to be of public health importance mainly because when the infection is acquired during early pregnancy, it often results in fetal abnormalities, which are classified as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). An accurate diagnosis of rubella is thus of pivotal importance for proper treatment.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to produce a recombinant multiepitope protein (rMERUB) for the diagnosis of rubella, based on conserved immunodominant epitopes of glycoprotein E1 and E2.

Methods:
A synthetic gene was designed and cloned into vector pET21a with a 6xHis tag at the C-terminal for affinity purification and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells. Biophysical analysis of rMERUB was performed by circular dichroism. Biological activity was assessed using an in-house ELISA assay.

Results:
Expression in Escherichia coli showed a ~22 kDa protein that was purified and used to per-form structural assays and an IgG ELISA. Structural analyses reveal that rMERUB has a β leaf pattern that promotes the exposure of epitopes, thus allowing antibody recognition. Evaluation of 33 samples (22=positive; 11=negative) was performed using in-house ELISA and this was compared with a com-mercial kit. The sensitivity was 100% (95% CI: 85-100) and specificity 90.91% (95% CI: 62-99). Excellent agreement (Kappa index = 0.9) was obtained between ELISA assays.

Conclusions:
The careful choice of epitopes and the high epitope density, coupled with simple-step purification, pinpoints rMERUB as a promising alternative for rubella diagnosis, with potential for the development of a diagnostic kit.
A Review on Preclinical Models of Ischemic Stroke: Insights Into the
Pathomechanisms and New Treatment Strategies
Authors: Singh Aditya A. , Kharwar Akash , Dandekar Manoj P. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Stroke is a serious neurovascular problem and the leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The disrupted demand to supply ratio of blood and glucose during cerebral ischemia develops hypoxic shock, and subsequently necrotic neuronal death in the affected regions. Multiple causal factors like age, sex, race, genetics, diet, and lifestyle play an important role in the occurrence as well as
progression of post-stroke deleterious events. These biological and environmental factors may be
contributed to vasculature variable architecture and abnormal neuronal activity. Since recombinant tissue
plasminogen activator is the only clinically effective clot bursting drug, there is a huge unmet medical
need for newer therapies for the treatment of stroke. Innumerous therapeutic interventions have shown
promise in the experimental models of stroke but failed to translate it into clinical counterparts.

Methods:
Original publications regarding pathophysiology, preclinical experimental models, new targets
and therapies targeting ischemic stroke have been reviewed since the 1970s.

Results:
We highlighted the critical underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral stroke and
preclinical stroke models. We discuss the strengths and caveats of widely used ischemic stroke models,
and commented on the potential translational problems. We also describe the new emerging treatment
strategies, including stem cell therapy, neurotrophic factors and gut microbiome-based therapy for the
management of post-stroke consequences.

Results :
We highlighted the critical underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral stroke and
preclinical stroke models. We discuss the strengths and caveats of widely used ischemic stroke models,
and commented on the potential translational problems. We also describe the new emerging treatment
strategies, including stem cell therapy, neurotrophic factors and gut microbiome-based therapy for the
management of post-stroke consequences.

Conclusion:
There are still many inter-linked pathophysiological alterations with regards to stroke, animal
models need not necessarily mimic the same conditions of stroke pathology and newer targets and
therapies are the need of the hour in stroke research.
Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep–Wake Disorders
Authors: Sun Shi-Yu , Chen Gui-Hai 
Published: September 2021

:
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs) are a distinct class of sleep disorders
caused by alterations to the circadian time-keeping system, its entrainment mechanisms, or a mismatch
between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the external environment. The main clinical
manifestations are insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness that often lead to clinically meaningful
distress or cause mental, physical, social, occupational, educational, or other functional impairment.
CRSWDs are easily mistaken for insomnia or early waking up, resulting in inappropriate
treatment. CRSWDs can be roughly divided into two categories, namely, intrinsic CRSWDs, in
which sleep disturbances are caused by alterations to the endogenous circadian rhythm system due
to chronic changes in the regulation or capture mechanism of the biological clock, and extrinsic circadian
rhythm sleep-wake disorders, in which sleep disorders, such as jet lag or shift-work disorder,
result from environmental changes that cause a mismatch between sleep-wakefulness times and internal
circadian rhythms. Sleep diaries, actigraphy, and determination of day and night phase markers
(dim light melatonin onset and core body temperature minimum) have all become routine diagnostic
methods for CRSWDs. Common treatments for CRSWD currently include sleep health education,
time therapy, light therapy, melatonin, and hypnotic drug therapy. Here, we review the progress
in the epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic evaluation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of intrinsic
CRSWD, with emphasis on the latter, in the hope of bolstering the clinical diagnosis and
treatment of CRSWDs.
Computed Tomography-guided Percutaneous Drainage of Pneumomediastinum
in a Newborn: A Case Report
Authors: Rzayev Turkay , Ozdemir Hulya , Soydemir Efe , Gucyetmez Safak , Kiyan Gursu , Memisoglu Asli , Bilgen Hulya , Ozek Eren 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Neonatal pneumomediastinum is seen in 2.5 per 1000 live births and is
mostly managed conservatively. An intervention is essential in cases with tension pneumomediastinum.
Ultrasonography-guided (USG-guided) relief of pneumomediastinum has been reported in
newborns. There are no reported cases of computed tomography-guided (CT-guided) drainage of
pneumomediastinum in neonates.

Case Presentation:
A newborn girl born at 34 weeks of gestation was intubated due to respiratory
distress and received intratracheal surfactant treatment. Pneumomediastinum was detected at the chest
X-ray on the 6th postnatal hour. On the second postnatal day, the patient's oxygen needs increased,
tachypnea and subcostal retractions recurred, so it was decided to intervene. USG-guided
drainage of the pneumomediastinum was attempted twice but was unsuccessful. Percutaneous drainage
with CT guidance was performed successfully.

Conclusion:
This report aims to emphasize that CT-guided intervention of pneumomediastinum
can be an effective alternative in a newborn if USG-guided intervention fails.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Potential to Treat Organ
Disorders; An Emerging Strategy
Authors: Ahani-Nahayati Milad , Niazi Vahid , Moradi Alireza , Pourjabbar Bahareh , Roozafzoon Reza , Keshel Saeed Heidari , Baradaran-Rafii Alireza 
Published: September 2021

:
Currently, Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) have attracted growing attention
in the context of cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine. Following the first successful procurement
of human MSCs from Bone Marrow (BM), these cells isolation has been conducted from various
origins, in particular, the Umbilical Cord (UC). Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal
Stem/Stromal Cells (UC-MSCs) can be acquired by a non-invasive plan and simply cultured, and
thereby signifies their superiority over MSCs derived from other sources for medical purposes.
Due to their unique attributes, including self-renewal, multipotency, and accessibility concomitant
with their immunosuppressive competence and lower ethical concerns, UC-MSCs therapy is described
as encouraging therapeutic options in cell-based therapies. Regardless of their unique aptitude
to adjust inflammatory response during tissue recovery and delivering solid milieu for tissue
restoration, UC-MSCs can be differentiated into a diverse spectrum of adult cells (e.g., osteoblast,
chondrocyte, type II alveolar, hepatocyte, and cardiomyocyte). Interestingly, they demonstrate a
prolonged survival and longer telomeres compared with MSCs derived from other sources, suggesting
that UC-MSCs are desired source to use in regenerative medicine. In the present review, we deliver
a brief review of UC-MSCs isolation, expansion concomitantly with immunosuppressive activities,
and try to collect and discuss recent pre-clinical and clinical researches based on the use of
UC-MSCs in regenerative medicine, focusing on with special focus on in vivo researches.
Eugenia uniflora L. fruit: A review on its Chemical Composition and Bioactivity
Authors: dos Santos pereira Elisa , de Oliveira Raphaelli Chirle , Vinholes Juliana Rocha , Ribeiro Jardel Araújo , Fiorentini Ângela Maria , Nora Leonardo , Vizzotto Márcia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
The fruits (pitanga) of Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira) have pleasant sensory attributes,
described as acid, sweet and exotic flavors, and high content of bioactive compounds with
antioxidant effects. The botanical characteristics, nutritional, sensory and pharmaceutical properties
of leaves and fruits of pitangueira have already been described in several publications, but the
information available has never been systematized through a wide literature review such as that carried
out in the present study.This study reveals that pitanga is a source of fibers, vitamins A and C,
minerals, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The phenolic compounds myricetin and quercetin,
and the carotenoids lycopene, γ-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin are the fruit’s major compounds. Furthermore,
in the essential oil of this fruit, compounds beneficial to health, such as oxygenated
sesquiterpenes, were found. These compounds, in an in vitro study, were related to the reduction/reversal
of damage caused by oxidative stress and inhibition of key enzymes linked to diabetes, dyslipidemia
and Alzheimer's. Several studies reveal potential health benefits (antidepressant, anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-proliferative
and anti-neurodegenerative activities) resulting from bioactive compounds present in the leaf
or fruit of the pitangueira. This review shows the promising use of this species for the prevention
and control of different diseases and its potential for pharmaceutical and food purposes.
Recent Reports of Plants as DNA Protection Agents
Authors: Raza Muniba , Batool Salma , Razzaq Rabia , Asim Laiba , Deeba Farah , Sohail Muhammad Farhan , Ahmad Muhammad Sheeraz , Saleem Rahman Shah Zaib 
Published: September 2021

Background:DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to cell death, tissue damage and may contribute towards the onset of several chronic diseases.Objective:Plants carry a cocktail of compounds like flavonoids, polyphenolics, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids that have shown promising pharmacological potential in treating various illnesses responsible for high mortality. Some of the plant-derived compounds carry the potential to shield the DNA from damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The objective of this article is to present recent reports of plant extracts and natural products as DNA protecting agents in one place.Methods:This review summarizes the plant-based extracts and isolated compounds with promising DNA protection activities against ROS induced damage. The antioxidant potential of plants is assessed using various antioxidant assays like DPPH assay, FRAP assay, and H2O2assay. Further, the DNA protection of the extract is validated by using a plasmid protection assay. The mechanism of protection generally involves the scavenging of ROS by the antioxidants present in plant extracts.Results and Conclusion:This review summarizes the work done on plant-based compounds for their antioxidant and DNA protection abilities invitro. However, in vivo evaluation of promising plants is the need of time.
‘For better or for worse, there is history, there is the book and then there's the movie’: Foregrounding and Marginalizing African American Women in the Film Hidden Figures (2016)
Authors: Frühwirth Timo , Bechtold Philipp , Güner Elisabeth , Krutner Marie-Theres 
Published: September 2021

This paper critically examines the representation of gender and race in the biographical drama film Hidden Figures (2016), directed by Theodore Melfi. The film is based on Margot Lee Shetterly’s nonfiction book of the same title, which spotlights previously hidden figures in US history: the black female mathematicians who worked in the early US space program. The movie was released to critical acclaim and embraced by audiences as empowering African American girls. At the same time, the film was criticized for including a ‘white savior’ scene in which the black female protagonists are marginalized.
After providing background information on Shetterly’s book and the film’s critical reception, this paper conducts a close formal analysis of a pivotal sequence in the film, which is compared to the events told in the nonfiction book. To shed light on the power structures that the film sequence projects, the results of this analysis are, subsequently, related to critical theoretical approaches to Hollywood cinema, as well as to Sara Ahmed’s concept of ‘affective economies.’ In conclusion, we argue that Hollywood filmmakers’ expectations about the desires of ‘mainstream’ audiences work to perpetuate the repression of previously repressed herstory on the ‘silver screen.’
Incidence and Risk Factors of Early Onset Neonatal AKI
Authors: Charlton Jennifer R. , Boohaker Louis , Askenazi David , Brophy Patrick D. , D’Angio Carl , Fuloria Mamta , Gien Jason , Griffin Russell , Hingorani Sangeeta , Ingraham Susan , Mian Ayesa , Ohls Robin K. , Rastogi Shantanu , Rhee Christopher J. , Revenis Mary , Sarkar Subrata , Smith Alexandra , Starr Michelle , Kent Alison L. ,   on behalf of the Neonatal Kidney Collaborative
Published: September 2021

Background and objectivesNeonatal AKI is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe the risk factors and outcomes of neonatal AKI in the first postnatal week.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThe international retrospective observational cohort study, Assessment of Worldwide AKI Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN), included neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit who received at least 48 hours of intravenous fluids. Early AKI was defined by an increase in serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dl or urine output <1 ml/kg per hour on postnatal days 2–7, the neonatal modification of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. We assessed risk factors for AKI and associations of AKI with death and duration of hospitalization.ResultsTwenty-one percent (449 of 2110) experienced early AKI. Early AKI was associated with higher risk of death (adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.7) and longer duration of hospitalization (parameter estimate: 7.3 days 95% confidence interval, 4.7 to 10.0), adjusting for neonatal and maternal factors along with medication exposures. Factors associated with a higher risk of AKI included: outborn delivery; resuscitation with epinephrine; admission diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia, inborn errors of metabolism, or surgical need; frequent kidney function surveillance; and admission to a children’s hospital. Those factors that were associated with a lower risk included multiple gestations, cesarean section, and exposures to antimicrobials, methylxanthines, diuretics, and vasopressors. Risk factors varied by gestational age strata.ConclusionsAKI in the first postnatal week is common and associated with death and longer duration of hospitalization. The AWAKEN study demonstrates a number of specific risk factors that should serve as “red flags” for clinicians at the initiation of the neonatal intensive care unit course.Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:Assessment of Worldwide AKI Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN), NCT02443389