bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential biomarkers identified by tandem mass tags based quantitative proteomics for diagnosis and classification of Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Ding Yaowei , Shi Yijun , Wang Lijuan , Li Guoge , Osman Rasha Alsamani , Sun Jialu , Qian Lingye , Zheng Guanghui , Zhang Guojun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system. Currently, valid biomarkers are unavailable for the diagnosis of GBS.MethodsA comparative proteomics analysis was performed on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 10 patients with GBS and 10 patients with noninflammatory neurological disease (NND) using the tandem mass tags technique. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics, and then the candidate proteins were validated by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method in another cohort containing 160 samples (paired CSF and plasma of 40 patients with GBS, CSF of 40 NND patients and plasma of 40 healthy individuals).ResultsIn all, 298 proteins were successfully identified in the CSF samples, of which 97 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the GBS and NND groups. Three key molecules were identified as candidate molecules for further validation. The CSF levels of TGOLN2 and NCAM1 decreased in GBS patients compared with NND patients, whereas the CSF levels of APOC3 increased. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay results were consistent with our proteomics analysis. Interestingly, in the validation cohort, serum APOC3 levels in the GBS group were consistent with those in the CSF samples and significantly higher than those in the healthy control group.ConclusionsOur preliminary data suggest that the CSF protein expression profile of patients with GBS is different from that of patients with NND. Moreover, alterations of TGOLN2, NCAM1and APOC3 may be used as novel biomarkers for identifying patients with GBS.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia: How no one paid any attention to children's rights
Authors: Guggenheim Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs part of the special issue on foster care and Fulton v. City of Philadelphia (2021), this essay provides a brief history of the role of race and religion in the foster care system. It critiques the case for failing to address the foster care system itself, and argues that Fulton essentially endorses a system that may make it impossible for state officials to ensure that the children will thrive in the homes they are obligated to find for them.
Toxicological Study of Fluorescent Hydrologic Tracer Dye Effects on Cave Bacteria
Authors: Kieft Thomas L. , Byrd Evelyn , Veni George 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluorescent dyes are commonly used as hydrologic tracers in a variety of surface and subsurface environments, including karst aquifers and caves, but the fragile nature of karstic groundwater ecosystems suggests a cautious approach to selecting dyes. This study tested the effects of four fluorescent dye tracers (uranine, eosin, pyranine, sulforhodamine B) on microorganisms from Fort Stanton Cave, New Mexico, United States. Toxicity of the dyes was tested on bacteria isolated from the cave and on a sediment sample collected adjacent to Snowy River in Fort Stanton Cave. The isolates showed minimal inhibition by the four dyes in an agar diffusions assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations calculated from liquid culture assays of one isolate were 35 g/L for uranine, 3.5 g/L for eosin, 0.1 g/L for pyranine, and 10 mg/L for sulforhodamine B. A 14C‐glucose radiotracer experiment showed zero inhibition of overall microbial activity in a sediment sample at all dye concentrations, except at 350 g/L eosin. Thus, there are no cave‐specific findings to indicate that Fort Stanton's microbes are especially sensitive to these commonly used dyes. Moreover, a literature survey of mutagenicity tests on these dyes indicates they are safe for environmental use. These results corroborate previous dye toxicity tests and suggest that these four dyes are suitable for use at Fort Stanton Cave in the concentration ranges commonly used for groundwater tracing. While broader testing of dyes with microbes from other caves is advised, the results suggest the dyes may be safe for all karst aquifers.
Comparison of planktonic bacterial communities indoor and outdoor of aquaculture greenhouses
Authors: Zhao Shuang , He Wenhui , He Peimin , Li Kejun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Greenhouses are widely used in agriculture systems to shield crops from unfavourable weather to achieve a year-round food supply. In recent years, aquaculture ponds have been placed in greenhouses in many regions. The impacts of the greenhouses on planktonic bacterial communities should be uncovered.

Methods and Results
In this study, two polyolefin film greenhouses accommodating aquaculture ponds were established and planktonic bacterial communities were compared from samples taken in aquaculture ponds inside and outside the greenhouses, using Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing.

Conclusions
The results showed there were significant variations in bacterial community structure between indoor and outdoor samples. Obvious differences were also found between two greenhouses, whereas the differences in indoor samples were weaker than outdoor samples. Significantly higher temperature (in summer), pH and permanganate index were found in the outdoor pond samples. Results of redundancy analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were positively related to the dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and Actinobacteriota were positively related to pH, temperature and permanganate index, whereas Cyanobacteria were positively related to the salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids and ammonia nitrogen.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The results of this study revealed that greenhouses significantly influenced planktonic bacterial communities in aquaculture ponds. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for aquaculture in greenhouses.
Relationships between feeding problems, eating behaviours and parental feeding practices in children with Down syndrome: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rogers Samantha L. , Smith Bobbie , Mengoni Silvana E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch investigating feeding problems in children with Down syndrome is scarce. This study investigated feeding problems, eating behaviours and parental feeding practices in children with Down syndrome (n = 40), and typically developing (TD) children of the same age and sex (n = 40).MethodParents of children aged 6‐months to 5‐years in the UK completed questionnaires assessing their child's feeding problems and eating behaviours and parental feeding practices.ResultsFor children with Down syndrome, feeding problems were: significantly greater than for TD children; negatively associated with breast milk duration and appetite during exclusive milk feeding; and positively associated with drinking more slowly. For both groups, feeding problems were significantly correlated with more food avoidant eating behaviours.ConclusionsThis study provides new information about the relationships between feeding problems and eating behaviours in early development. Longitudinal research is needed to further investigate these relationships, so that effective support can be developed for families.
Text highlighting for attitude measurement in cross‐cultural consumer research: A methodological study
Authors: Ares Gastón , Jaeger Sara R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractText highlighting was explored as a new method for direct attitude measurement in cross‐cultural research. Participants in an online survey read a text about vertical farming. They used highlighter functions to mark parts of the text they “liked” and “disliked”. Four countries were included in the research—United Kingdom, United States, Singapore, and China (637–683 adults per country). The percentage of participants who highlighted words as “like” and “dislike” was calculated for each of the sentences and countries. Analysis of the highlighting responses did not point to response style or systematic differences in responding. This supported the use of text highlighting in cross‐cultural research. Groups of consumers with different sentiment towards specific sentences in the text highlighting task (Positive, Neutral/Ambivalent, or Negative) showed predictable differences in their average scores for attitudinal statements.Practical ImplicationsLikert scales are ubiquitous in attitude measurement but subject to response styles which is a hindrance in cross‐cultural research. This suggests the need to develop scale‐free methods. Results from the present research confirmed the ability of text highlighting to capture specific attitudes towards vertical farming across countries and languages, as well as its ability to overcome response style differences.
Examining religious/spiritual change among women with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Kraus Rachel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo what extent and how does religion/spirituality change after a terminal breast cancer diagnosis? Utilizing a nationwide survey and semistructured interviews, I examine how prayer, meditation, religious service attendance, importance of religion, and religiosity may change after a metastatic breast cancer diagnosis. Results from the survey show that most people experienced change on at least one religious/spiritual indicator. “No change” is the most common response for religiosity, importance of religion, and religious service attendance, while prayer and meditation increased. Themes from the interviews shed light on coping mechanisms, such as the increased consumption of religious texts and writings, leaning on God, (re)commitment to religious institutions, prayer, and meditation. Religion (or lack thereof) remained consistent for some of the participants. A decrease in religion was less common. The results of this study have important implications for how women with a terminal disease use religious coping to manage their illness experiences.
Brain TDP‐43 pathology in corticobasal degeneration: Topographical correlation with neuronal loss
Authors: Sainouchi Makoto , Tada Mari , Fitrah Yusran Ady , Hara Norikazu , Tanaka Kou , Idezuka Jiro , Aida Izumi , Nakajima Takashi , Miyashita Akinori , Akazawa Kohei , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Onodera Osamu , Kakita Akiyoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsNeuronal and glial inclusions comprising transactive response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) have been identified in the brains of patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and a possible correlation between the presence of these inclusions and clinical phenotypes has been speculated. However, the significance of TDP‐43 pathology in the pathomechanism of CBD has remained unclear. Here, we investigated the topographical relationship between TDP‐43 inclusions and neuronal loss in CBD.MethodsWe estimated semi‐quantitatively neuronal loss and TDP‐43 pathology in the form of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs), astrocytic inclusions (AIs), oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), and dystrophic neurites in 22 CNS regions in 10 patients with CBD. Then, the degree of correlation between the severity of neuronal loss and the quantity of each type of TDP‐43 inclusion was assessed. We also investigated tau pathology in a similar manner.ResultsTDP‐43 pathology was evident in nine patients. The putamen and globus pallidus were the regions most frequently affected (80%). NCIs were the most prominent form, and their quantity was significantly correlated with the severity of neuronal loss in more than half of the regions examined. The quantities of TDP‐43 NCIs and tau NCIs were correlated in only a few regions. The number of regions where the quantities of TDP‐43 AIs and GCIs were correlated with the severity of neuronal loss was apparently small in comparison with that of NCIs.ConclusionsTDP‐43 alterations in neurons, not closely associated with tau pathology, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying neuronal loss in CBD.There was a significant topographical correlation between neuronal cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP‐43 and neuronal loss in CBD, suggesting that TDP‐43 protein aberration might be associated with neuronal degeneration in CBD. There was no close correlation between the burden of TDP‐43 and that of tau in neurons.
Fecal microbiota relationships with childhood obesity: A scoping comprehensive review
Authors: de Cuevillas Begoña , Milagro Fermín I. , Tur Josep A. , Gil‐Campos Mercedes , de Miguel‐Etayo Pilar , Martínez J. Alfredo , Navas‐Carretero Santiago 
Published: December 2021

SummaryChildhood obesity is a costly burden in most regions with relevant and adverse long‐term health consequences in adult life. Several studies have associated excessive body weight with a specific profile of gut microbiota. Different factors related to fecal microorganism abundance seem to contribute to childhood obesity, such as gestational weight gain, perinatal diet, antibiotic administration to the mother and/or child, birth delivery, and feeding patterns, among others. This review reports and discusses diverse factors that affect the infant intestinal microbiota with putative or possible implications on the increase of the obesity childhood rates as well as microbiota shifts associated with excessive body weight in children.
Relationship between Classification of Fabellae and the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Relevant Study in the Chinese Population
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wen You‐liang , He Chun‐ying , Zeng Yan , Wang Jun‐qiu , Wang Guo‐you 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo classify the fabellae and discuss the relationship between the classification of fabellae and the severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in Chinese.MethodsFrom February 2019 to February 2020, 136 patients were measured and classified using three‐dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstruction. According to the CT imaging characteristics, the fabellae were divided into five types: type I, a fabella on the lateral femoral condyle; type II, a fabella on the medial femoral condyle; type III, a fabella on the lateral femoral condyle and a fabella on the medial femoral condyle; type IV, two fabellae on the medial femoral condyle; and type V, two fabellae on the lateral femoral condyle. The severity of KOA was assessed on the Recht grade by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0.ResultsThe classification of fabellae were correlated with KOA grades (χ2 = 35.026, P < 0.05). In terms of KOA grades, grade I and grade II were occupied most by fabellar type II (32, 72.8%); type II and other types showed significant statistical difference (P < 0.05). Grade I and grade II were also mainly fabellar type IV (four, 100%). Fabellar type V's biggest component was grade III and grade IV (six, 75%). Type IV and type V showed significant statistical difference (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe classification of fabellae were correlated with KOA grades. The type II may mean the lower KOA grades while type V may mean the higher KOA grades.
Viscoelastometric versus standard coagulation tests to guide periprocedural transfusion in adults with cirrhosis: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tangcheewinsirikul Nuanrat , Moonla Chatphatai , Uaprasert Noppacharn , Pittayanon Rapat , Rojnuckarin Ponlapat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDue to rebalanced haemostasis in cirrhosis, viscoelastometric testing (VET) is more accurate than standard coagulation tests (SCTs) in preprocedural haemostatic evaluation, resulting in decreased unnecessary transfusion. We aimed to determine the impact of VET‐guided strategy on postprocedural bleeding, periprocedural transfusion rates and quantities, transfusion‐related adverse events (TRAEs), lengths of stay (LOS) and mortality from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cirrhotic patients.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched for RCTs comparing VET‐guided with SCT‐guided transfusion in cirrhotic adults undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, liver transplantation or other invasive interventions. Using random‐effects models, the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and/or mean differences (MDs) of postprocedural bleeding‐free events and the other outcomes were estimated alongside 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOf seven included RCTs (n = 421; 72.2% men; mean age 49.1 years), VET‐guided transfusion did not change postprocedural bleeding‐free statuses (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.94–1.17). However, VET‐based algorithms decreased the rates of fresh frozen plasma (FFP; RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.35–0.77) and platelet transfusions (RR 0.34; 95% CI 0.16–0.73), the quantities of transfused FFP (MD −1.39 units; 95% CI −2.18 to −0.60), platelets (MD −1.06 units; 95% CI −2.01 to −0.12) and cryoprecipitate (MD −7.13 units; 95% CI −14.20 to −0.07) and the risk of TRAEs (RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.27–0.65). The overall mortality rates and LOS were not significantly different between two groups.ConclusionCompared with conventional SCT‐guided, VET‐guided strategy decreases periprocedural plasma and platelet transfusions and TRAEs, without increasing haemorrhagic complications, LOS or mortality in cirrhosis.
Challenges of Teaching ESP: A Review
Authors: Jande Lisa Vangohol , Ibrahim Noor Mala 
Published: December 2021

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has Noor Mala Ibrahim gained prominence and abundant research has been conducted on issues associated with it. However, research addressing the challenges of ESP teaching and learning continues to receive extensive attention focusing on issues ranging from the most appropriate methodology to use in ESP classrooms and contents to cover for effective learning outcomes for the learners. The aim of this review paper is to give a brief overview of what ESP is all about, it also covers some issues faced by ESP practitioners while in the process of teaching. During the course of this review, the key words “ESP Challenges”, “ESP teaching methodology”, “ESP teacher” were used on Google scholar to search for relevant materials to the topic covering the range of years from 2012 - 2021. Twenty relevant materials were finally selected which are used for this review. This review finally concludes by offering solutions as to how these challenges can be overcome by practitioners to make ESP teaching more effective.
Dynamics of a Rumor Propagation Model With Stochastic Perturbation on Homogeneous Social Networks
Authors: Zhang Yuhuai , Zhu Jianjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of information society highlights the important role of rumors in social communication, and their propagation has a significant impact on human production and life. The investigation of the influence of uncertainty on rumor propagation is an important issue in the current communication study. Due to incomprehension about others and the stochastic properties of the users' behavior, the transmission rate between individuals on social network platforms is usually not a constant value. In this paper, we propose a new rumor propagation model on homogeneous social networks from the deterministic structure to the stochastic structure. First, a unique global positive solution of the rumor propagation model is obtained. Then, we verify that the extinction and persistence of the stochastic rumor propagation model are restricted by some conditions. If R̂0*&lt;1 and the noise intensity σi(i=1,2,3) satisfies some certain conditions, rumors will extinct with a probability one. If R0*&gt;1, rumor-spreading individuals will persist in the system, which means the rumor will prevail for a long time. Finally, through some numerical simulations, the validity and rationality of the theoretical analysis are effectively verified. The numerical results show that (1) on the premise that other parameters are determined, the increase of noise intensity can effectively control the spread of rumors; (2) cut off the way of spreading rumors and reduce the contact between ignorant and rumor-spreading individuals (i.e., reduce the value of α); popularize scientific knowledge, reducing the attraction of rumors (i.e., increase the value of β) or replacing rumors of emergencies with other hot topics (i.e., increase the value of η) can effectively curb rumor propagation.
A Noniterative Problem-Dependent Formula for Stiff Dynamic Problems
Authors: Chang Shuenn-Yih 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel one-step formula is proposed for solving initial value problems based on a concept of eigenmode. It is characterized by problem dependency since it has problem-dependent coefficients, which are functions of the product of the step size and the initial physical properties to define the problem under analysis. It can simultaneously combine A-stability, explicit formulation, and second-order accuracy. A-stability implies no limitation on step size based on stability consideration. An explicit formulation implies no nonlinear iterations for each step. The second-order accuracy with an appropriate step size can have good accuracy in numerical solutions. Thus, it seems promising for solving stiff dynamic problems. Numerical tests affirm that it can have the same performance as that of the trapezoidal rule for solving linear and nonlinear dynamic problems. It is evident that the most important advantage is of high computational efficiency in contrast to the trapezoidal rule due to no nonlinear iterations of each step.
J Predictions for Defective Pipe Elbows Via the Reference Stress Method
Authors: Lei Yuebao , Budden Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In R6, the J-based failure assessment diagram (FAD) method is used in the fracture assessment and is underpinned by the reference stress J scheme. Therefore, an assessment using the R6 FAD method is equivalent to a J prediction using the reference stress method. In this paper, the effect of global and local limit load solutions for defective elbows on the reference stress and hence the J predictions is investigated using published three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element (FE) J results, in order to create guidance for users to follow when performing structural integrity assessments of defective elbows using the R6 procedure. The results show that using the global limit load solutions recommended in this paper can lead to good and reasonably conservative J predictions. However, the availability of global limit load solutions is very limited. The results also show that using the local limit load evaluated from the local limit load model recommended in this paper can lead to conservative J predictions for most of the cases considered.
Performance Comparison of Nonlinear and Intelligent Control Strategies on the Ball and Beam Dynamic System
Authors: Wagner John R. , Momot Michael E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A variety of nonlinear and intelligent control strategies have been proposed to control nonlinear processes. To assist the controls practitioner in evaluating the potential performance of different control methodologies, four nonlinear and intelligent control strategies are examined and compared on the classic ball and beam dynamic system. The nonlinear control designs include three approximate input-output linearizations, a kth-order approximation of the plant zero-error manifold, and a variable structure system controller. A fuzzy logic controller, with an expandable set of control rules, is designed as an alternative to these model-based schemes. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the ability of each controller in tracking a prescribed trajectory. The performance of each control strategy is discussed in terms of convergence time, steady-state error, control authority, and ease of implementation.