The histology of brain tumors for 67 331 children and 671 085 adults diagnosed in 60 countries during 2000-2014: a global, population-based study (CONCORD-3)
Authors: Girardi Fabio , Rous Brian , Stiller Charles A , Gatta Gemma , Fersht Naomi , Storm Hans H , Rodrigues Jessica R , Herrmann Christian , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Peris-Bonet Rafael , Valkov Mikhail , Weir Hannah K , Woods Ryan R , You Hui , Cueva Patricia A , De Prithwish , Di Carlo Veronica , Johannesen Tom Børge , Lima Carlos A , Lynch Charles F , Coleman Michel P , Allemani Claudia ,   CONCORD Working Group, Bouzbid S , Hamdi-Chérif M , Zaidi Z , Meguenni K , Regagba D , Bayo S , Cheick Bougadari T , Manraj S S , Bendahhou K , Ladipo A , Ogunbiyi O J , Ramaliba T , Somdyala N I M , Chaplin M A , Moreno F , Calabrano G H , Espinola S B , Carballo Quintero B , Fita R , Laspada W D , Ibañez S G , Lima C A , Mafra da Costa A , De Souza P C F , Del Pino K , Laporte C , Curado M P , de Oliveira J C , Veneziano C L A , Veneziano D B , Latorre M R D O , Tanaka L F , Rebelo M S , Santos M O , Azevedo e Silva G , Galaz J C , Aparicio Aravena M , Sanhueza Monsalve J , Herrmann D A , Vargas S , Herrera V M , Uribe C J , Bravo L E , Garcia L S , Arias-Ortiz N E , Morantes D , Jurado D M , Yépez Chamorro M C , Delgado S , Ramirez M , Galán Alvarez Y H , Torres P , Martínez-Reyes F , Jaramillo L , Quinto R , Castillo J , Mendoza M , Cueva P , Yépez J G , Bhakkan B , Deloumeaux J , Joachim C , Macni J , Carrillo R , Shalkow Klincovstein J , Rivera Gomez R , Perez P , Poquioma E , Tortolero-Luna G , Zavala D , Alonso R , Barrios E , Eckstrand A , Nikiforuk C , Woods R R , Noonan G , Turner D , Kumar E , Zhang B , McCrate F R , Ryan S , MacIntyre M , Saint-Jacques N , Anam A , De P , McClure C A , Vriends K A , Bertrand C , Latreille J , Kozie S , Stuart-Panko H , Freeman T , George J T , Avila R M , O’Brien D K , Holt A , Almon L , Kwong S , Morris C , Rycroft R , Mueller L , Phillips C E , Brown H , Cromartie B , Schwartz A G , Vigneau F , Levin G M , Wohler B , Bayakly R , Ward K C , Gomez S L , McKinley M , Cress R , Green M D , Miyagi K , Johnson C J , Ruppert L P , Bentler S , Charlton M E , Huang B , Tucker T C , Deapen D , Liu L , Hsieh M C , Wu X C , Schwenn M , Stern K , Gershman S T , Knowlton R C , Alverson G , Weaver T , Bushhouse S , Rogers D B , Jackson-Thompson J , Lemons D , Zimmerman H J , Hood M , Roberts-Johnson J , Riddle B , Rees J R , Pawlish K S , Stroup A , Key C , Wiggins C , Kahn A R , Schymura M J , Radhakrishnan S , Rao C , Giljahn L K , Slocumb R M , Feld A , Aird K G , Beran T , Rubertone J J , Slack S J , Oh J , Janes T A , Schwartz S M , Chiodini S , Hurley D M , Whiteside M A , Rai S , Williams M A , Herget K , Sweeney C , Johnson A T , Keitheri Cheteri M B , Migliore Santiago P , Blankenship S E , Farley S , Borchers R , Malicki R , Espinoza J , Grandpre J , Weir H K , Wilson R , Edwards B K , Mariotto A , Wang N , Yang L , Chen J S , Zhou Y , He Y T , Song G H , Gu X P , Mei D , Mu H J , Ge H M , Wu T H , Li Y Y , Zhao D L , Jin F , Zhang J H , Zhu F D , Junhua Q , Yang Y L , Jiang C X , Biao W , Wang J , Li Q L , Yi H , Zhou X , Dong J , Li W , Fu F X , Liu S Z , Chen J G , Zhu J , Li Y H , Lu Y Q , Fan M , Huang S Q , Guo G P , Zhaolai H , Wei K , Chen W-Q , Wei W , Zeng H , Demetriou A V , Mang W K , Ngan K C , Kataki A C , Krishnatreya M , Jayalekshmi P A , Sebastian P , George P S , Mathew A , Nandakumar A , Malekzadeh R , Roshandel G , Keinan-Boker L , Silverman B G , Koyanagi Y , Ito H , Sato M , Tobori F , Nakata I , Teramoto N , Hattori M , Kaizaki Y , Moki F , Sugiyama H , Utada M , Nishimura M , Yoshida K , Kurosawa K , Nemoto Y , Narimatsu H , Sakaguchi M , Kanemura S , Naito M , Narisawa R , Miyashiro I , Nakata K , Maeda A , Sato S , Oki I , Fukushima N , Shibata A , Iwasa K , Ono C , Matsuda T , Nimri O , Jung K W , Won Y J , Alawadhi E , Elbasmi A , Ab Manan A , Adam F , Nansalmaa E , Tudev U , Ochir C , Al Khater A M , El Mistiri M M , Lim G H , Teo Y Y , Chiang C J , Lee W C , Buasom R , Sangrajrang S , Suwanrungruang K , Vatanasapt P , Daoprasert K , Pongnikorn D , Leklob A , Sangkitipaiboon S , Geater S L , Sriplung H , Ceylan O , Kög I , Dirican O , Köse T , Gurbuz T , Karaşahin F E , Turhan D , Aktaş U , Halat Y , Eser S , Yakut C I , Altinisik M , Cavusoglu Y , Türkköylü A , Üçüncü N , Hackl M , Zborovskaya A A , Aleinikova O V , Henau K , Van Eycken L , Valerianova Z , Yordanova M R , Šekerija M , Dušek L , Zvolský M , Steinrud Mørch L , Storm H , Wessel Skovlund C , Innos K , Mägi M , Malila N , Seppä K , Jégu J , Velten M , Cornet E , Troussard X , Bouvier A M , Guizard A V , Bouvier V , Launoy G , Arveux P , Maynadié M , Mounier M , Woronoff A S , Daoulas M , Robaszkiewicz M , Clavel J , Goujon S , Lacour B , Baldi I , Pouchieu C , Amadeo B , Coureau G , Orazio S , Monnereau A , Preux P M , Rharbaoui F , Marrer E , Trétarre B , Colonna M , Delafosse P , Plouvier S , Cowppli-Bony A , Molinié F , Bara S , Ganry O , Lapôtre-Ledoux B , Grosclaude P , Bossard N , Uhry Z , Estève J , Stabenow R , Wilsdorf-Köhler H , Eberle A , Luttmann S , Löhden I , Nennecke A L , Kieschke J , Sirri E , Justenhoven C , Zeissig S R , Holleczek B , Eisemann N , Katalinic A , Asquez R A , Kumar V , Petridou E , Ólafsdóttir E J , Tryggvadóttir L , Clough-Gorr K , Walsh P M , Sundseth H , Mazzoleni G , Vittadello F , Coviello E , Cuccaro F , Galasso R , Sampietro G , Giacomin A , Magoni M , Ardizzone A , D’Argenzio A , Castaing M , Grosso G , Lavecchia A M , Sutera Sardo A , Gola G , Gatti L , Ricci P , Ferretti S , Dal Maso L , Serraino D , Celesia M V , Filiberti R A , Pannozzo F , Melcarne A , Quarta F , Andreano A , Russo A G , Carrozzi G , Cirilli C , Cavalieri d’Oro L , Rognoni M , Fusco M , Vitale M F , Usala M , Cusimano R , Mazzucco W , Michiara M , Sgargi P , Boschetti L , Chiaranda G , Seghini P , Maule M M , Merletti F , Tumino R , Mancuso P , Vicentini M , Cassetti T , Sassatelli R , Falcini F , Giorgetti S , Caiazzo A L , Cavallo R , Cesaraccio R , Pirino D R , Bella F , Madeddu A , Fanetti A C , Maspero S , Carone S , Mincuzzi A , Candela G , Scuderi T , Gentilini M A , Piffer S , Rosso S , Barchielli A , Caldarella A , Bianconi F , Stracci F , Contiero P , Tagliabue G , Rugge M , Zorzi M , Beggiato S , Brustolin A , Gatta G , Rugge M , De Angelis R , Zanetti R , Maurina A , Oniščuka M , Mousavi M , Lipunova N , Vincerževskienė I , Agius D , Calleja N , Siesling S , Visser O , Larønningen S , Møller B , Dyzmann-Sroka A , Trojanowski M , Góźdź S , Mierzwa T , Molong L , Rachtan J , Szewczyk S , Błaszczyk J , Kępska K , Kościańska B , Amunicka R , Ostrowski A , Zwierko M , Kaczmarek W , Maksimowicz K M , Purwin-Porowska E , Reca E , Wójcik-Tomaszewska J , Czajkowska E , Motnyk M , Grądalska-Lampart M , Radziszewska A U , Gos A , Talerczyk M , Wyborska M , Didkowska J A , Wojciechowska U , Bielska-Lasota M , Forjaz de Lacerda G , Rego R A , Carrito B , Pais A , Bento M J A T , Rodrigues J R , Mayer-da-Silva A , Miranda A , Blaga L M , Coza D , Valkov M Y , Gusenkova L , Lazarevich O , Prudnikova O , Vjushkov D M , Egorova A G , Orlov A E , Kudyakov L A , Pikalova L V , Adamcik J , Safaei Diba C , Primic-Žakelj M , Zadnik V , Gil L , Lopez de Munain A , Herrera A A , Rojas D , Chillarón R J , Navarro A I M , Marcos-Gragera R , Vilardell Gil M L , Molina E , Sánchez Perez M J , Franch Sureda P , Ramos Montserrat M , Chirlaque M D , Navarro C , Ardanaz E , Guevara M , Cañete-Nieto A , Peris-Bonet R , Carulla M , Galceran J , Almela F , Sabater C , Khan S , Pettersson D , Dickman P , Staehelin K , Struchen B , Egger Hayoz C , Bouchardy C , Schaffar R , Rössle M , Mousavi S M , Bulliard J L , Maspoli-Conconi M , Herrmann C , Kuehni C E , Redmond S M , Bordoni A , Ortelli L , Chiolero A , Konzelmann I , Matthes K L , Rohrmann S , Broggio J , Rashbass J , Fitzpatrick D , Gavin A , Clark D I , Deas A J , Huws D W , Allemani C , Coleman M P , Di Carlo V , Girardi F , Matz M , Minicozzi P , Montel L , Nikšić M , Ssenyonga N , Stephens R , Stiller C , Chalker E , Smith M , Walton R , You H , Qin Li S , Dugdale S , Moore J , Philpot S , Pfeiffer R , Thomas H , Stokes B C , Venn A , Farrugia H , Thursfield V , Dowling J , Currow D , Fowler C , Lewis C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Global variations in survival for brain tumors are very wide when all histological types are considered together. Appraisal of international differences should be informed by the distribution of histology, but little is known beyond Europe and North America.

Methods
The source for the analysis was the CONCORD database, a program of global surveillance of cancer survival trends, which includes the tumor records of individual patients from more than 300 population-based cancer registries. We considered all patients aged 0-99 years who were diagnosed with a primary brain tumor during 2000-2014, whether malignant or nonmalignant. We presented the histology distribution of these tumors, for patients diagnosed during 2000-2004, 2005-2009, and 2010-2014.

Results
Records were submitted from 60 countries on 5 continents, 67 331 for children and 671 085 for adults. After exclusion of irrelevant morphology codes, the final study population comprised 60 783 children and 602 112 adults. Only 59 of 60 countries covered in CONCORD-3 were included because none of the Mexican records were eligible. We defined 12 histology groups for children, and 11 for adults. In children (0-14 years), the proportion of low-grade astrocytomas ranged between 6% and 50%. Medulloblastoma was the most common subtype in countries where low-grade astrocytoma was less commonly reported. In adults (15-99 years), the proportion of glioblastomas varied between 9% and 69%. International comparisons were made difficult by wide differences in the proportion of tumors with unspecified histology, which accounted for up to 52% of diagnoses in children and up to 65% in adults.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first account of the global histology distribution of brain tumors, in children and adults. Our findings provide insights into the practices and the quality of cancer registration worldwide.