bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 as a predictor of intra-abdominal and surgical site infections after elective abdominal surgery
Authors: Hajong Ranendra , Newme Kewithinwangbo , Nath Chandan Kr , Moirangthem Thoiba , Dhal Malaya Ranjan , Pala Star 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Infections after surgeries considerably increase patients' hospital stay, thereby prolonging patients' early return to productive life. At the same time, the cost of hospitalization also increases. Therefore, if objective tests can predict infections before it actually happens, then more preventive measures in the form of upgrading antibiotics can be taken which might prevent patients from developing serious infections and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality of surgery.

Material and Methods:
It was a prospective cross sectional study to assess the efficacy of acute phase reactants C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) in predicting infections in patients undergoing routine general surgical operations. A total of 74 patients were included in the study. Laparoscopic surgical procedures were not included in the study to maintain uniformity in the procedures. Data so collected were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.

Results:
A total of 27 patients developed wound infections postoperatively. The mean rise in the levels of CRP and IL 6 was higher in those patients who developed postoperative wound infections. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value was found to be better with IL 6 than with CRP.

Conclusion:
It may be concluded that a serial estimation of CRP and IL 6 postoperatively can predict infections and may be utilized routinely in general surgical practice.
A cross sectional study of risk factors for surgical site infections after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in a tertiary care hospital in North East India
Authors: Hajong Ranendra , Dhal Malaya Ranjan , Newme Kewithinwangbo , Moirangthem Thoiba , Boruah Manash Pratim 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Surgical site infection (SSI) after cholecystectomy unduly delays patients' early return to normal activities and also leaves behind relatively disfigured cosmetic scars at the port sites. This prospective study was undertaken to assess the various risk factors leading to SSI in patients undergoing cholecystectomy, both by laparoscopic and open techniques in this part of India for which no data is available at present.

Material and Methods:
A total of 1507 cholecystectomies (1184 by laparoscopy and 323 by open technique) during a 6 year period. The various risk factors studied were gender, age, BMI, DM, chronic anaemia, COPD, timing of surgery (elective or emergent), influence of surgeon (operated by resident surgeon or faculty), intraoperative bile spillage, etc., Odd's ratio was calculated to see the influence of the factors on SSI and statistical significance was tested by Chi-square test.

Results:
The overall rate of infection was 3.12% (1.94% in laparoscopy and 7.43% in the open technique). Intraoperative bile spillage, increasing age, increased duration of surgery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy done by resident surgeons, increased intraoperative blood loss, emergent operations done for acute cholecystitis, etc., were associated with higher rates of SSI.

Conclusion:
Meticulous operative techniques avoiding bile spillage and blood loss during cholecystectomy may reduce the chances of developing SSI.
Retrospective analysis to identify the association of various determinants on birth weight
Authors: Patel Suprava , Verma Neha R. , Padhi Phalguni , Naik Tripty , Nanda Rachita , Naik Gitismita , Mohapatra Eli 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
LBW is the strong determinant of neonatal morbidity and mortality with a global prevalence of nearly 15%. India's prevalence, though not yet established, ranges from 16-30% and influenced by maternal nutritional status, antenatal care and associated maternal morbidity. Hence, the study was aimed to determine the influencing parameters for occurrence of LBW.

Study Design:
A retrospective observational study conducted for all live newborns delivered in a tertiary care centre during the study period of twenty four months.

Methods:
Data from institutional medical record section was recorded on predesigned questionnaire from a total of 1216 newborns.

Results:
The percentage of LBW was found to be 27.55% (335/1216) with a proportion of LBW to NBW babies was approximately 1:3. The occurrence of LBW was significantly higher in babies of anemic mothers (59.39%, P < 0.0001), young mothers (30.39%, P < 0.01), mothers with parity ≥ 3 (35.71%, P < 0.05), those with <3 ANC check-up (56.88%, P < 0.0001) and those with premature delivery (71.57%, P < 0.0001). Maternal anemia (OR 4.7, 95%CI 3.4-6.7, P < 0.001); ANC with <3 visits (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.4-3.4, P < 0.01) and prematurity (OR 7.6, 95%CI 5.1-11.2, P < 0.0001) were considered as independent risk factor for LBW. Significant association of neonatal complications was found with LBW babies (OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.5, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Inadequate antenatal care, maternal anemia and other maternal illness causing premature delivery are considered critical determinants for LBW and thus associated with high neonatal mortality and morbidity. Continued focus for improving the overall maternal health status would lead to lowering burden of LBW.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health services in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Anil K. , Jain Pankaj K. , Singh Naresh P. , Kumar Sandip , Bajpai Prashant K. , Singh Soni , Jha Mohan 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In the wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic, parts of the public health system at increased risk of reduced efficiency include healthcare services for women and children. This in turn could reverse all the progress achieved over the years in reducing maternal and child mortality. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the indirect effect of the pandemic on maternal and child health services in public health facilities.

Methods:
Data pertaining to maternal and child health services being provided under specific Government programmes, were collected from public health facilities of District Sant Kabir Nagar in Uttar Pradesh, India. Comparative analysis of the data from the pandemic phase with data from the year 2019 was done to determine the impact on services.

Results:
Reduced coverage across all maternal and child health interventions was observed in the study. There was an overall decrease of 2.26 % in number of institutional deliveries. Antenatal care services were the worst affected with 22.91% decline. Immunization services were also dramatically decreased by more than 20%.

Conclusion:
The response of the public healthcare delivery system to the Covid-19 Pandemic is negatively affecting both the provision and utilization of maternal and child healthcare services. It is deterrent to the progress achieved in maternal and child health parameters over the years. Better response strategies should be put in place to minimize lag in service deliwvery.
Outcome and its predictors in traumatic brain injury in elderly population
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Bansal Hanish , Singh Jagminder , Chaudhary Ashwani 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Survival and functional outcome is significantly poor in the elderly population. There is a need to develop better geriatric specific prognostic models and evidence-based geriatric traumatic brain injury management protocols for better treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention.

Aims and objectives:
To study the frequency, outcome and correlates of traumatic brain injury in elderly patients.

Material and Methods:
Frequency, outcome and correlates of traumatic brain injury in patients more than 65 years of age admitted in tertiary care hospital were studied in 160 patients admitted between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2016 (retrospective analysis) and between 1st January 2017 and 30th June 2018 (prospective analysis). Institutional ethical committee approval was taken.

Results:
This study concluded that road side accident was the most common cause of traumatic brain injury in elderly in this study. Incidence of traumatic brain injury in elderly was found to be 11.45%. Both non-reacting pupils and low Glasgow coma scale on arrival were significantly associated with poor outcome in terms of mortality. Most of the patients who expired or were discharged against medical advice had associated skull bone fractures, cerebral infarct, diffuse brain edema, subarachnoid hemorrhage, midline shift, lower hemaglobin, higher random blood sugar and higher creatinine as compared to patients who were discharged. All these findings were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Low Glasgow coma scale on arrival, non reacting pupils, low hemoglobin, high random blood sugar, high creatinine and intubation on arrival are associated with increased mortality. Associated skull bone fractures, cerebral infarct, diffuse brain edema are predictors of poor outcome. Anticoagulants and associated co-morbidities do not increase the risk of mortality in traumatic brain injury in elderly.
Status of salt iodization, related awareness and practice at the household level in slums of Burdwan Municipality, West Bengal
Authors: Mukherjee Ananya , Naskar Somnath , Banerjee Niladri , Mandal Sutapa , Das Dilip K 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Monitoring adequacy of salt iodization at consumption level and exploring the reasons for inadequacy, especially in marginalized communities, is crucial to achieve the target coverage of universal salt iodization.

Aims:
To assess the iodine content of salt used at household level, related awareness and practice of respondents and their socio demographic correlates.

Settings and Designs:
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the slums of Burdwan Municipality in 2019.

Methods and Material:
A total of 330 households were selected by cluster sampling. Salt iodine content was estimated at household level semi-quantitatively by Iodine testing kit, following recommended guidelines. One respondent from each household was interviewed to assess their awareness and practice regarding iodized salt. Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test and Multivariable logistic regression was used.

Results:
All 330 households were using iodized salt; 77.6% were consuming adequately iodized and 22.4% were consuming inadequately iodized salts. Only 30.9% of the respondents were aware about the importance of iodized salt, few had correct practice despite inadequate knowledge and none, except one, practiced adding salt at the end of cooking. Awareness and practice were associated with caste and age of the respondents, respectively. Keeping salt container near the oven, adjusting for keeping salt in uncovered container, significantly predicted inadequate level of iodization [AOR 6.17 (95% CI: 2.68-14.26)].

Conclusion:
Inadequate iodization, lack of awareness regarding iodized salt and faulty storing practices amounting to increased risk of inadequate iodization are still prevalent emphasizing the need, in policy, for health education.
Knowledge and awareness of parents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regarding unintentional home injuries in children 2019 a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Hazazi Yahya O. , Mahmoud Mahmoud A. , Al Ali Marwa O. 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
To evaluate the adherence of parent's preventive measures of unintentional home injury in their children by measuring the parents' knowledge and awareness regarding the risk factors of unintentional home injury.

Settings and Design:
An online questionnaire was used. The study followed a descriptive cross-sectional design.

Method and Materials:
The study was conducted between December 2019 and January 2020 included 324 participants who fulfilled the criteria during the period. An appropriate statistical test was used to register the statistical significance between the participants' answers and demographic characteristics.

Statistical Analysis:
SPSS 20.0 software package was used for entering the collected data and for statistical analysis.

Results:
Descriptive statistics showed that (66%) of participants were female. At least 50% of the participants were aged 26–35 years and had a bachelor's degree. Most reported at a good level of practice against the risk factors of unintentional home injury. The correlation between the participants' level of practice against the unintentional home injury, their age, and their level of education was statistically significant.

Conclusions:
The results showed the level of practice against unintentional home injury was significantly higher in parents their age more than forty, and those with a high educational level. This result suggested that nationwide health programs and initiatives must be toward families and parents in assessing their home hazards.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Quality of life, Psychiatric Illness, Perceived Social Support, Suicidal Risk and Selfesteem among patients with burns
Authors: Kadam Kranti S. , Bagal Rahul P. , Angane Amey Y. , Ghorpade Geetanjali S. , Anvekar Aditya R. , Unnithan Vishnu B. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Burns is one of the foremost causes of worldwide morbidity. Changes in appearance and functional impairment causes stigmatisation, impacting socio-occupational engagement and causing discomfort.

Aims and Objectives:
The study examined prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in post-burn patients, their perceived social support and self-esteem. It further assessed quality of life amongst post-burn patients.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care centre where 100 patients were interviewed using purposive sampling technique over six months. Patients were administered a semi-structured questionnaire along with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and WHO Quality Of Life – BREF (WHOQOL- BREF) scales. Contingency tables and Spearman's correlation helped to examine associations and correlations. Fischer's exact test, Mann Whitney test and ANOVA test were also used for statistical analysis.

Results and Discussion:
There is high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among patients with burns. The most common disorder was major depressive episode. Low self-esteem was found in one-third of patients with burns. Patients having low self-esteem had eleven times higher prevalence of suicidality. Patients with burns had high perceived social support. Quality of life in patients with burns depends on self-esteem, perceived social support and presence of psychiatric illnesses.

Conclusion:
This study illustrates the need for thorough evaluation and screening in patients with burns for psychopathology and self-esteem issues by primary physicians. Behaviour therapy, supportive psychotherapy, counselling and adequate socio-occupational rehabilitation of the patient should be done. Spreading awareness and organising support groups for patients with burns at the primary health centre level can be effective.
Institutional quarantine centres as a strategy in control of COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Sudha Reshma Rajan , Sujatha Chintha , Gopakumar Soumya , Libu Gnanaseelan Kanakamma , Indu Pillaveetil Sathyadas , Suresh Rakesh Omana , Sadasivan Divya , P. P Preetha 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Institutional quarantine centres were set up in all districts in Kerala as a novel strategy in the fight against novel COVID-19 virus. These were meant for returnees from affected areas, for whom home quarantine was not possible due to lack of facilities. This research aims to evaluate facilities and services of Institutional quarantine centres in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala state and to study profile of persons under quarantine in these centres.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate institutional quarantine centres established in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala in April 2020. Evaluation was done using a checklist based on standard operating procedures for functioning of centres issued by Health department. Inspection of facilities and registers was done. Details of a subset of inmates were collected by telephonic interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results:
Two (0.41%) inmates in the centre turned positive on testing while in quarantine. Both of them were foreign returnees and were asymptomatic. There was not a single case of transmission of infection between inmates or to staff and volunteers. The adherence to infection control practices was satisfactory in all centres. One third of inmates were from listed highly affected countries and were mandatorily quarantined.

Conclusion:
Institutional quarantine centres were functioning effectively to provide quarantine facilities for high-risk individuals and thereby controlling the spread of COVID-19. Selection of facilities, staffing pattern and day to day functioning of these centres is a model which can be replicated at other COVID-19 affected areas.
Non-invasive saliva-based screening of high-risk Human Papilloma Virus 16 and 18 in healthy young adults and creating awareness about its vaccination
Authors: Kumari Bandana , Ali Asgar , Sharma Abhay K. , Gehlot Aishwarya , Sharma Sadhana 
Published: January 2021

Context:
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has not only been linked with cervical cancer but also a key player in other types including oral cancer. Vaccine against HPV has shown promising outcomes in protection against cervical cancer. It is suggested that the same vaccine may be a safeguard against oral cancer as well. Since prevalence of oral cancer is on rise because of various reasons besides high-risk sexual behavior, its prevention becomes equally important.

Aim:
Study aimed at screening saliva samples of healthy young adults to detect the presence of HPV with an intention to increase awareness regarding HPV and its vaccination.

Settings and Design:
The study was executed in the department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Patna. This cross-sectional study included 100 consented healthy undergraduate medical and nursing students.

Methods and Material:
We isolated DNA from all saliva samples, amplified using multiplex PCR and gel electrophoresed to screen HPV 16 and 18. Feedback about the study in creating awareness regarding HPV and its vaccine was conducted using three-point Likert scale.

Statistical analysis:
The collected responses were entered in Microsoft excel. The results were expressed in frequency and percentages.

Results:
All saliva samples screened were found negative for HPV 16 and 18 DNA. Responses from feedback showed improved knowledge and awareness about the HPV and its vaccine among the participants.

Conclusion:
Even all the saliva samples tested were found negative for HPV DNA, the screening of high-risk HPV in saliva of young medical and nursing students generated curiosity among them to know more about HPV and its vaccine. This exercise may have helped in increasing the acceptance of HPV vaccine and the awareness of getting it at their ideal age to be benefited with dual protection, from oral and cervical (in case of females) cancers lifelong.
MuLBSTA score in COVID-19 pneumonia and prediction of 14-day mortality risk
Authors: Preetam Mukul , Anurag Aditya 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The infectious agent which has caused the COVID-19 pandemic is a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). On one end of the spectrum, a patient suffering from COVID-19 may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, while on the other end of the spectrum, a patient may develop numerous life-threatening complications. The way a host responds to infection by SARS-CoV-2 depends on various host factors like hypertension, old age, etc., The MuLBSTA scoring system takes into account various clinical and laboratory parameters and tries to predict the mortality risk for a patient. Besides, the validation of MuLBSTA score for mortality because of COVID-19 has not been extensively studied in an Indian set-up. This study is aimed at finding the association between the MuLBSTA score and the 14-day mortality risk because of COVID-19 in Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 122 patients who were receiving treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection at a tertiary hospital in Ranchi, Jharkhand. The disease severity (as per the ICMR guidelines), the MuLBSTA score, and the disease outcome of all patients were noted and analyzed in this study.

Results:
A strong association was seen between a MuLBSTA score of ≥12 and the 14-day mortality risk in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion:
The MuLBSTA scoring system is an easy to calculate model, which predicts the 14-day mortality risk because of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This may help the primary care physicians in stratifying and referring the patients who have a higher chance of developing severe complications.
Psychological profile of multi drug resistance TB patients
Authors: Kundu Susmita , Basu Rivu , Sarkar Sarmistha , Nath Saswati , Biswas Debabani 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
There has been a new challenge to the already existing threat of tuberculosis (TB) and that is drug resistance TB (DR-TB). The causal relationships between mental disorders and TB are complicated and relatively unexplored. For this reason a qualitative study was done on DR-TB patients attending R G Kar Medical College.

Materials and Methods:
The study population consisted of the patients who are registered for the DR-TB regimen are followed up four times with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Those scoring poorly were sent for expert evaluation by psychologist, who counselled them, and followed them up after in-depth interviews. These records of in-depth interview were analysed as qualitative research inputs.

Results:
In our study out of 165 patients, (4.8%) needed interventions. The domains emerging from the study are worried about future and as well as family, disbelief about the diagnosis, embarrassment regarding the diagnosis, fear of death, blaming fate for the disease, stigma, suicidal ideation.

Conclusion:
This study finds out the important domains of psychogical problems among the patients and also advocates a psychologist to remain at DR-TB centres.