bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Increases Inert Particle Uptake in Human Saphenous Vein
Authors: MacLennan M. J. , Leavitt B. J. , Schmoker J. D. , Chesler N. C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is one of the mainstays of treatment for this disease (Niklason et al., 1999). Since artificial vascular grafts suitable for coronary bypass are not yet available, the autologous internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein are used to bypass diseased tissue (Niklason et al., 1999). While IMA grafts have high long-term patency rates, a saphenous vein grafted into the arterial position tends to stenose and eventually thrombose.
Dynamic Padding Comparison
Authors: Bish Jack , Friedman Keith , Khadilkar Anil V. , Sances Anthony 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Studies were conducted with 3.4 to 6.7 m/s 5th percentile female Hybrid III head drops on approximately 2.5 cm thick air gap padding, Simpson roll bar padding and a commercially available padded brush bar. The addition of padding gave up to 78% reduction in HIC (Head Injury Criterion) and 72% reduction in angular acceleration when compared to an unpadded vehicle brush bar.
Effects of Front Seat Performance Failure on Rear Seat Occupant Injuries in Rear Impacts
Authors: Friedman Keith , Kenney Tim , Bish Jack , Atesmen Kemal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An analysis of rear end accidents involving rear seat occupants seated behind a front seat occupant was conducted examining the probability of serious injury as a function of both crash severity and front seat performance failure. Seat performance failure is when some element of the seat fails to do what it is designed to do, e.g. a seat back lock allows the seat back to move during the collision. The results suggest that the risk of serious injury is greater in the 6.7-11.2 m/s Delta-V crash severity range when the seat in front of the occupant suffers a performance failure.
Stability of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis: Finite Element Model Study
Authors: Natarajan R. N. , Garretson R. B. , An H. , Andersson G. B. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Spondylolysis is a developmental condition or a stress fracture phenomenon, in which a defect in the pars interarticularis leads to varying degrees of instability in the lumbar spine. A finite element model was used to study the effect of pars defect as well as pars defect combined with varying slip on the change in flexibility of the lumbar motion segments under mechanical loading. Compared to the intact model, a pars defect at L3–L4 level allowed a small increase in motion at L2 with respect to L5 under all loading modes except torsion. Motion of L2 with respect to L5 was further increased by 3% to 20% with 50% translation prior to loading in all loading modes except torsion. Fifty percent translation increased the torsion motion further by 50%. In every model, the increase in motion was greatest under torsion. This study showed that stability of a motion segment in spondylolysis depends on the amount of spondylolisthesis and the loading condition. There was more motion with increased slip in all-loading modes with largest increase with torsion moment load. The type of loading also affects the degree of motion, with torsion creating significant instability.
Probabilistic High Cycle Fatigue Analysis of Turbine Engine Components
Authors: Cesare Mark A. , Sues Robert H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the three step approach to computing the probability of high cycle fatigue in turbine engine components that has been implemented in the ProFES probabilistic finite element software. The first step is to develop a probabilistic Campbell Diagram for mode interaction screening. The probabilistic diagram is developed considering uncertainties in material properties, boundary conditions, geometry, and operating conditions. This approach is an improvement over the deterministic approach as the closeness of a mode to an operating frequency can be measured in a probabilistic sense and gives engineers the capability to answer questions of the type, “What is the probability that modes interact within 5Hz over the lifetime of the engine.” The second step is to perform a probabilistic dynamic analysis. This step is done for interactions that are deemed critical from the step one analysis. The actual structural response is determined and the probability of exceeding a critical level is determined. The third step applies a cumulative damage model to the stress distributions from step two to find the fatigue failure probability. This step is applied for modes that are found to be critical in the step two analysis. The complete process is automated using the ProFES probabilistic finite element software which allows pre and post processing of the FEM model to be integrated into one probabilistic analysis.
Damage Mechanisms in Plasma-Sprayed Alumina Coatings
Authors: Trice Rodney W. , Prine David W. , Faber Katherine T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Al2O3 coatings produced by plasma spray have been considered for wear resistance and corrosion protection. Mechanical investigations of these coatings are often performed when the coating is still on the metallic substrate, hiding the intrinsic response of the coatings and the lamellae that make up their microstructure. The development of a compression test for stand-alone coatings will be described. Cyclic compression loading with monotonically increased peak stresses was employed to study the deformation and damage of the coatings. Transmission electron microscopy and acoustic emission were also used to identify damage mechanisms that ultimately lead to failure. It is proposed that numerous defects that exist in plasma-sprayed coatings, including porosity and microcracks, serve as sites for crack nucleation and/or propagation. As these small cracks extend subcritically under an applied stress that ultimately propagate parallel to the loading direction along inter-lamella boundaries. With increasing stress, these cracks ultimately link resulting in catastrophic failure.
Flow Characteristics of a Rotating Disk in Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Ogata Satoshi , Watanabe Keizo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recently, considerable interest has developed in surfactant additives for use in district heating and cooling systems to lower the pumping energy requirement. Many studies in the case of surfactant solutions have been done for the flow behavior in a circular pipe. However, few studies have been conducted on flow near a rotating disk in surfactant solutions. In this paper, the flow characteristics near an enclosed rotating disk in surfactant solutions were studied by applying flow visualization techniques and analyzed by applying the momentum integral equations which are related to the three boundary layer problem. The test surfactant solution was Ethoquad 0/12 with sodium salicylate at a concentration of 200ppm and a temperature of 18°C. The flow patterns were obtained at Re = 2.5×105 and 3.5×105 so that the Reynolds number range corresponds with the transition region to turbulent flow in the boundary layer on the rotating disk for Newtonian fluids. Consequently, it has been clarified that the amplitude of the circular vortex on the rotating disk was reduced and the flow direction near the disk was turned outward to the circumferential direction comparing with that of tap water. In additional, the limiting maximum drag reduction asymptote for a moment coefficient of a rotating disk was obtained by applying the momentum integral equation for drag-reducing solutions based on previous papers on circular pipe flow.
Dual-site blood culture yield and time to positivity in neonatal late-onset sepsis
Authors: Coggins Sarah A , Harris Mary Catherine , Srinivasan Lakshmi 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether culture yield and time to positivity (TTP) differ between peripheral and central vascular catheter-derived blood cultures (BCx) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients evaluated for late-onset sepsis.DesignSingle-centre, retrospective, observational study.SettingLevel IV NICU.ParticipantsThe study included infants >72 hours old admitted to NICU in 2007–2019 with culture-confirmed bacteraemia. All episodes had simultaneous BCx drawn from a peripheral site and a vascular catheter (‘catheter culture’).Main outcome measuresDual-site culture yield and TTP.ResultsAmong 179 episodes of late-onset bacteraemia (among 167 infants) with concurrently drawn peripheral and catheter BCx, the majority (67%, 120 of 179) were positive from both sites, compared with 17% (30 of 179) with positive catheter cultures only and 16% (29 of 179) with positive peripheral cultures only. 66% (19 of 29) of episodes with only positive peripheral BCx grew coagulase-negativeStaphylococcus, while 34% (10 of 29) were recognised bacterial pathogens. Among 120 episodes with both peripheral and catheter BCx growth, catheter cultures demonstrated bacterial growth prior to paired peripheral cultures in 78% of episodes (93 of 120, p<0.001). The median TTP was significantly shorter in catheter compared with peripheral cultures (15.0 hours vs 16.8 hours, p<0.001). The median elapsed time between paired catheter and peripheral culture growth was 1.3 hours.ConclusionConcurrently drawn peripheral and catheter BCx had similar yield. While a majority of episodes demonstrated dual-site BCx growth, a small but important minority of episodes grew virulent pathogens from either culture site alone. While dual-site culture practices may be useful, clinicians should balance the gain in sensitivity of bacteraemia detection against additive contamination risk.
Mapping the national evidence on double burden of malnutrition in Ethiopia: a protocol of scoping review
Authors: Getacher Lemma , Ademe Beyene Wondafrash , Belachew Tefera 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionCurrently, the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is an emerging public health problem due to the inevitable consequences of nutritional transition. An increasing number of studies have reported the DBM in Ethiopian populations. However, organised and summarised national evidence is not yet available. Therefore, the main aim and research question of this scoping review is to map the national evidence on the DBM in the last decades in Ethiopia.MethodsThis scoping review will be mapping the national evidence on the DBM in different population groups of Ethiopia including all ages and both sexes from 1 January 2021 to 30 September 2021. TheJoanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manualwill be used as the methodology of review for this review. The search strategy will be conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and grey literature sources and reference lists of key studies to identify studies appropriate for inclusion in the review. Two independent reviewers will be screened independently with all abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. Data will be abstracted into tables and logically organised according to the items addressed in the specific research questions.Ethics and disseminationThe data will be used from publicly available secondary sources. Therefore, no ethical review and approval will be required for this review. Dissemination of results will be sought through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and stakeholder meetings. Regarding registration, this review protocol is registered on the figshare website on 28 February 2021, with the DOI numberhttps://doiorg/106084/m9figshare14131874.
Assessing preferences for leisure activities of people receiving adult day services: a study protocol for concept mapping and psychometric testing
Authors: Rommerskirch-Manietta Mike , Purwins Daniel , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Abbott Katherine , Rodrigues-Recchia Daniela , Roes Martina 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionLeisure activities appear to be an important factor in maintaining and improving health in old age. To better understand what people want to do when visiting an adult day service (ADS), it is important to systematically assess their preferences. Currently, there is no instrument for assessing preferences for leisure activities for people receiving ADS. Accordingly, the planned study aims to develop or modify and psychometrically test an instrument to assess leisure activities preferences for use with people receiving ADS.Methods and analysisA mixed-method design with a participatory research approach was chosen for this study (Preferences for Everyday Living-Deutschland, PELI-D II). In the first step of this study, leisure activities will be identified on the basis of an evidence map. In the second step, the results from the evidence map will be empirically supplemented, and leisure activities will be categorised and prioritised within a concept mapping approach by people who receive ADS. Subsequently, based on this categorisation, either an instrument that was piloted in a previous study (PELI-D I) will be modified or an instrument with a focus on preferences for leisure activities in ADS will be explored. In the last step of this study, the instrument will be psychometrically tested. Data will be analysed via content analysis as well as descriptive and inferential statistics and statistical tests. The results will be presented in various tables and graphs (eg, pattern matching).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committee of the Witten/Herdecke University (application number 226/2020). The results will be made available to the public at (inter)national conferences, in peer-reviewed articles and in articles for practitioners.
Defining CD4 T helper and T regulatory cell endotypes of progressive and remitting pulmonary sarcoidosis (BRITE): protocol for a US-based, multicentre, longitudinal observational bronchoscopy study
Authors: Koth Laura L , Harmacek Laura D , White Elizabeth K , Arger Nicholas Kostandinos , Powers Linda , Werner Brenda R , Magallon Roman E , Grewal Pineet , Barkes Briana Q , Li Li , Gillespie May , Collins Sarah E , Cardenas Jessica , Chen Edward S , Maier Lisa A , Leach Sonia M , O’Connor Brian P , Hamzeh Nabeel Y 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionSarcoidosis is a multiorgan granulomatous disorder thought to be triggered and influenced by gene–environment interactions. Sarcoidosis affects 45–300/100 000 individuals in the USA and has an increasing mortality rate. The greatest gap in knowledge about sarcoidosis pathobiology is a lack of understanding about the underlying immunological mechanisms driving progressive pulmonary disease. The objective of this study is to define the lung-specific and blood-specific longitudinal changes in the adaptive immune response and their relationship to progressive and non-progressive pulmonary outcomes in patients with recently diagnosed sarcoidosis.Methods and analysisThe BRonchoscopy at Initial sarcoidosis diagnosis Targeting longitudinal Endpoints study is a US-based, NIH-sponsored longitudinal blood and bronchoscopy study. Enrolment will occur over four centres with a target sample size of 80 eligible participants within 18 months of tissue diagnosis. Participants will undergo six study visits over 18 months. In addition to serial measurement of lung function, symptom surveys and chest X-rays, participants will undergo collection of blood and two bronchoscopies with bronchoalveolar lavage separated by 6 months. Freshly processed samples will be stained and flow-sorted for isolation of CD4 +T helper (Th1, Th17.0 and Th17.1) and T regulatory cell immune populations, followed by next-generation RNA sequencing. We will construct bioinformatic tools using this gene expression to define sarcoidosis endotypes that associate with progressive and non-progressive pulmonary disease outcomes and validate the tools using an independent cohort.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards at National Jewish Hospital (IRB# HS-3118), University of Iowa (IRB# 201801750), Johns Hopkins University (IRB# 00149513) and University of California, San Francisco (IRB# 17-23432). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated via journal publications, scientific conferences, patient advocacy group online content and social media platforms.
51 A novel cross-site analysis of Vectra® Polaris™ multiplex fluorescence PD-1/PD-L1 immunohistochemistry on colorectal cancer with high and low microsatellite instability
Authors: Pollan Sara , Remeniuk Bethany , Hanifi Arezoo , Roman Kristin , Hopkins Bei , Monteiro Natalie , Nunns Harry , Parnell Erinn , William Josette , Au Qingyan 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer in the United States with a projected 52,980 deaths in 2021.1 Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) CRCs with deficiencies in mismatch repair (MMR) are significantly associated with positive response to immunotherapy and improved outcomes when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an effective biomarker of MSI-H status to identify CRC patients who will respond to treatment, however, reproducible quantification of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) across laboratory sites has been under-reported.2–3 In this study, our group directly addressed this issue by interrogating PD-1/PD-L1 cross-site at Akoya Biosciences and NeoGenomics Laboratories by employing the MOTiF™ PD-1/PD-L1 Panel kit along with the Vectra Polaris imaging system.MethodsSerial sections from 40 CRC samples with known MSI status were stained at Akoya and NeoGenomics Laboratories using a modified MOTiF PD-1/PD-L1 Lung Panel Kit on the Leica BOND RX. Sections were scanned using the Vectra Polaris imaging system at both sites. Inter-site staining reproducibility was assessed using image analysis algorithms developed with inForm tissue analysis software. Cell counts and densities were calculated using the R-script package PhenoptrReports and correlations were plotted per marker.ResultsThe average signal intensity for all markers/Opal fluorophores was within the recommended ranges of 10–30 normalized counts, with the exception of Polaris 780, which has an advised range of 1–10. This indicates the protocol stained successfully and reproducibly across all serial sections at both sites. Inter-site concordance analysis of cell densities for each marker yielded an average R2 value of ≥0.70. H-Score of PD-L1 quantified at the cell membrane trended with MSI status (stable/high).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the MOTiF PD-1/PD-L1 Panel kit imaged in conjunction with the Vectra Polaris is not only a reliable assay that can be run across different sites, based on the concordant cross-site data, but that re-optimization of the kit allows for the assay panel to be successfully adapted to other cancers, such as CRC, which can then capture biological differences across a multitude of samples.ReferencesAmerican Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/about/key-statistics.htmlYi M, Jiao D, Xu H, Liu Q, Zhao W, Han X, et al. Biomarkers for predicting efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer 2018;17(1):129Lemery S, Keegan P, Pazdur R. First FDA approval agnostic of cancer site - when a biomarker defines the indication. N Engl J Med 2017;377(15):1409–12.
74 Tumor microenvironment based on PD-L1 and CD8 T-cell infiltration correlated with the response of MSS mCRC patients treated vactosertib in combination with pembrolizumab
Authors: Kim Tae Won , Lee Keun-Wook , Ahn Joong Bae , Park Young Suk , Ock Chan-Young , Park Hyejoo , Ryu Jiyeon , Oh Bitna , Kim Bo-Kyoung , Hwang Sunjin , Hahm Ki Baik , Kim Seong-Jin 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe expression of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells were reported to have a decisive effect on the immunotherapy response (PMID: 26819449). Microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) shows a limited clinical benefit to immunotherapy alone known to be having an ‘immune-cold’ microenvironment. To understand the basis of the clinical responses to anti-PD-1 and TGF-β inhibitor combination therapy in MSS mCRC, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of survival outcome, whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) data, and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) data from a combination treatment of vactosertib and pembrolizumab.MethodsClinical outcomes were evaluated by RECIST v1.1 and iRECIST. Tumor tissue biopsy samples for WTS and mIHC were obtained in screening and cycle 2 post-treatment time point. CD274(PD-L1) and CD8A expression cut-off were calculated as a median value in the merged data set of TCGA Pan-cancer and MP-VAC-204 study. Having over median value defined as a high group and under median value as a low group. Tumor immune status by a combination of gene expression (high or low) was classified into four subtypes (1: CD274 high, CD8A high; 2: CD274 low, CD8A low; 3: CD274 high, CD8A low; 4: CD274 low, CD8A high). Tumor tissue slides stained with PD-L1, CD8, and granzyme B (GZB) in tumor nest and stroma.ResultsAmong 43 patients whose WTS data are available, thus included in the analysis, 9 patients were responders (7 PRs and 2 iPRs). Subtype 2 showed a major proportion in the MP-VAC-204 CRC patients (1: 14%, 2: 58%, 3: 12%, 4: 16%). Responders were observed in subtype 2 and 4 (24% and 14%, RECIST). The CD8A expression and median overall survival (mOS) showed a significantly positive correlation (**P=0.0028) and there was no significance in the correlation of CD274 and mOS. mOS was significantly longer in high expression of CD8A patients (*P=0.0083, Not reached vs 9.9 months, hazard ratio 8.812 [95% CI 3.19–24.31]). After the combination treatment, CD8 and GZB positive T cells were increased significantly in both tumor nest and stroma.ConclusionsOur study suggests a high level of CD8 T cells, even in the case of low PD-L1 expression, is significantly correlated with the improved clinical outcomes in MSS mCRC patients treated with vactosertib and pembrolizumab. The increases in CD8 T cells both in tumor nest and stroma after the combined inhibition of PD-1 and TGF-β pathway may contribute to the survival benefit. Further clinical investigations are warranted. (Clinical trial information: NCT03724851)