bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale energetic coherent structures and their effects on wall mass transfer rate behind orifice in round pipe
Authors: Shan F. , Qin S.Y. , Xiao Y. , Watanabe A. , Kano M. , Zhou F.Y. , Liu Z.C. , Liu W. , Tsuji Y. 
Published: September 2021

This paper first uses a low-speed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) system to measure the convergent statistical quantities of the flow field and then simultaneously measure the time-resolved flow field and the wall mass transfer rate by a high-speed SPIV system and an electrochemical system, respectively. We measure the flow field and wall mass transfer rate under upstream pipe Reynolds numbers between 25 000 and 55 000 at three specific locations behind the orifice plate. Moreover, we apply proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), stochastic estimation and spectral analysis to study the properties of the flow field and the wall mass transfer rate. More importantly, we investigate the large-scale coherent structures’ effects on the wall mass transfer rate. The collapse of the wall mass transfer rates’ spectra by the corresponding time scales at the three specific positions of orifice flow suggest that the physics of low-frequency wall mass transfer rates are probably the same, although the flow fields away from the wall are quite different. Furthermore, the spectra of the velocity reconstructed by the most energetic eigenmodes agree well with the wall mass transfer rate in the low-frequency region, suggesting that the first several energetic eigenmodes capture the flow dynamics relevant to the low-frequency variation of the wall mass transfer. Stochastic estimation results of the velocity field associated with large wall mass transfer rate at all three specific locations further reveal that the most energetic coherent structures are correlated with the wall mass transfer rate.
Testing the area–altitude balance ratio (AABR) and accumulation–area ratio (AAR) methods of calculating glacier equilibrium-line altitudes
Authors: Oien Rachel P. , Rea Brice R. , Spagnolo Matteo , Barr Iestyn D. , Bingham Robert G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, we compare equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) calculated using the area–altitude balance ratio (AABR) and the accumulation–area ratio (AAR) methods, with measured ELAs derived from direct field observations. We utilise a GIS toolbox to calculate the ELA for 64 extant glaciers by applying the AABR and AAR methods to DEMs and polygons of their geometry. The calculated ELAs (c-ELAs) are then compared to measured zero-net balance ELAs (znb-ELAs) obtained from mass-balance time series held by the WGMS for the same glaciers. The correlation between znb-ELAs and AABR (1.56)/AAR (0.58) c-ELAs is very strong, with an r2 = 0.99. The smallest median difference between znb-ELAs and c-ELAs (i.e. 65.5 m) is obtained when a globally representative AABR of 1.56 is used. When applied to palaeoglacier-climate applications, this difference translates to ~0.42°C, well within the uncertainty of palaeotemperature proxies used to determine mean summer temperature at the ELA. The more widely used mean AABR of 1.75 is shown to be statistically invalid due to the skewness of the dataset. On this basis, when calculating glacier ELAs, we recommend the use of a global AABR value of 1.56.
Dietary fibre intake and risk of prediabetes in China: results from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Shunming , Meng Ge , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Yao Zhanxin , Wu Hongmei , Gu Yeqing , Wang Yawen , Zhang Tingjing , Wang Xuena , Zhang Juanjuan , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Qi Lu , Niu Kaijun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh dietary fibre intake has been associated with a lower risk of diabetes, but the association of dietary fibre with prediabetes is only speculative, especially in China, where the supportive data from prospective studies are lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary fibre intake and risk of incident prediabetes among Chinese adults. We performed a prospective analysis in 18 085 participants of the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health cohort study who were free of diabetes, prediabetes, cancer and CVD at baseline. Dietary data were collected using a validated 100-item FFQ. Prediabetes was defined based on the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. During 63 175 person-years of follow-up, 4139 cases of incident prediabetes occurred. The multivariable HR of prediabetes for the highest v. lowest quartiles were 0·85 (95 % CI 0·75, 0·98) (P for trend = 0·02) for total dietary fibre, 0·84 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·95) (P for trend < 0·01) for soluble fibre and 1·05 (95 % CI 0·93, 1·19) (P for trend = 0·38) for insoluble fibre. Fibre from fruits but not from cereals, beans and vegetables was inversely associated with prediabetes. Our results indicate that intakes of total dietary fibre, soluble fibre and fibre derived from fruit sources were associated with a lower risk of prediabetes.
The effect of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation on renal and liver biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Abdollahi Shima , Meshkini Fatemeh , Clark Cain C. T. , Heshmati Javad , Soltani Sepideh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the apparent beneficial effects of probiotics/synbiotics on glucose haemostasis, lipid profile and inflammatory responses, it is not clear whether these beneficial effects also impact renal and hepatic function in diabetes. Therefore, we sought to assess the effect of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation on renal and liver biomarkers in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched, up to February 2021. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was estimated using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of studies, as well as certainty of evidence, was assessed using standard scales. Fifteen related trials were identified. Meta-analysis of six trials, involving 426 participants, indicated that probiotics/synbiotics supplementation reduced serum levels of creatinine (WMD = −0·10 mg/dl, 95 % CI −0·20, −0·00; P = 0·01; I2 = 87·7 %; P-heterogeneity < 0·001), without any significant effect on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate or microalbuminuria. No significant improvement was found on liver biomarkers following probiotics/synbiotics supplementation. The subgroup analysis showed a significant improvement in BUN when follow-up duration lasted for 12 weeks or more (WMD = −1·215 mg/dl, 95 % CI −1·933, −0·496; P = 0·001) and in creatinine levels in patients with renal dysfunction (WMD = −0·209 mg/dl, 95 % CI −0·322, −0·096; P < 0·001). Our results are insufficient to advocate the use of probiotics/synbiotics for improving renal or liver function in patients with T2DM. Indeed, due to the low certainty of evidence, these findings need to be affirmed in further high-quality RCT.
A new second intermediate host and phylogenetic relationships based on the ITS2 sequence of Isoparorchis sp. (Digenea: Isoparorchiidae) in Thailand
Authors: Jaruboonyakorn P. , Chontananarth T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The genus Isoparorchis (Family: Isoparorchiidae) contains trematodes infecting the air bladder of freshwater catfishes in Asia and Australia. Isoparorchis spp. rely on freshwater shrimps and fishes as intermediate hosts. There is limited information about parasitic infections in freshwater shrimp in Thailand, and Isoparorchis infection in an intermediate host in this country has never been reported. Thus, this study reports infections in freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri and Caridina sp.), including overall prevalence, mean intensity, morphological characters and molecular analyses. The parasite specimens were analysed by studying their morphological characters, together with a molecular approach based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence data. The overall prevalence and mean intensity of Isoparorchis infections were 92% and 1.89, respectively. The metacercariae were identified as Isoparorchis sp. based on their morphological characters and supported by the comparison with published ITS2 sequences of Isoparorchis species. The phylogenetic studies based on the ITS2 region demonstrated that all of the Isoparorchis sp. specimens in this study are distinct from Isoparorchis species in previous reports. Moreover, we show for the first time that the freshwater shrimp M. lanchesteri serves as a second intermediate host of Isoparorchis sp. and we provide a morphological description and molecular characterization of Isoparorchis sp. metacercariae based on ITS2 sequence data to clarify the status of Isoparorchis sp. in Thailand.
The Italian Arctic expedition 1899–1900: What happened to the first support party?
Authors: Lantz Björn 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Beginning in the seventeenth century, numerous attempts were made to reach a very high latitude or even the North Pole. One of the more successful of these was the Italian Arctic expedition of 1899–1900, led by Luigi Amedeo di Savoia (Duke of the Abruzzi). Using two successively returning support parties, di Savoia’s second-in-command, Captain Umberto Cagni’s party eventually reached 86°34’N north of their base in the Franz Josef Land archipelago before retreating due to lack of supplies. The second support party also returned safely to the base from 83°16’N. However, the first support party, led by Lieutenant Francesco Querini, disappeared without a trace after returning southwards from 82°32’N. Although previous studies have cited starvation from lack of food supplies or accidents as the potential causes of their disappearance, the extant literature does not provide any deeper analyses to explain these events. This study explores the hypothesis that the first support party in fact turned back from a much more westerly position than they thought. This, in combination with an untimely blizzard that prevented travelling for several days, most likely made it impossible for Querini and his two men to return to base before their limited supplies ran out.
Job quality trajectories among baby-boomers in Germany and their consequences for the motivation to work – results from the lidA cohort study
Authors: Stiller Michael , Garthe Nina , Hasselhorn Hans Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn light of a large proportion of older workers leaving the German labour market in the near future, policy makers aim to extend working lives to ensure sustainability of the social security system. In this context, safe and healthy working conditions are considered a precondition for encouraging employment participation. To understand better the role of the work environment in pre-retirement years, we draw upon an established model of five job quality profiles for the German ageing workforce. We explored seven-year profile development and linked selected manual and non-manual job quality trajectories to the motivation to work (MTW) using data from the 2011, 2014 and 2018 assessments of the lidA cohort study (valid N = 2,863). We found that older workers shifted to physically less-demanding profiles. Individual profile stability was prevalent among one-third of the workers. In 2018, there was a higher MTW when job quality remained favourable or improved early, while later improvements were associated with lower MTW. Early deterioration of job quality was associated with lower MTW levels among workers with non-manual trajectories only. The results highlight the dynamic job quality situation of the older German workforce and the importance of adopting a person-centred perspective when investigating working conditions and its effects. They further underline the need to consider quality of work when designing and implementing strategies to extend working lives.
Evaluation of the food environment of public hospitals in a Brazilian metropolis
Authors: José Maria Eduarda Ribeiro , Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro de , Canella Daniela Silva 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:To characterise the food environment of public hospitals in a Brazilian metropolis.Design:A cross-sectional study involving the audit of mini-kitchens, non-commercial food services, commercial food services and vending machines within hospitals and interviews with workers and managers. Environmental dimensions assessed included: availability, accessibility, affordability, convenience, nutrition information, promotion and advertising, infrastructure for food and ambience, in addition to decisions-level aspects.Setting:Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Participants:24 public hospitals in the municipal health network.Results:Of the hospitals assessed, 92·0 % had a non-commercial food service, 87·5 % had mini-kitchens (facilities to consume food taken from home), 37·5 % had commercial food services and 25·0 % had vending machines. Mini-kitchens were available in most but not all hospitals, a key facility given that few commercial or non-commercial food services were open 24 h a day. The food availability in the hospitals surveyed did not promote healthy eating. A wide variety of ultra-processed foods and drinks was found and advertising promoting their consumption, even in non-commercial food services with menus planned by nutritionists. Water filters/fountains were present in around 50 % of mini-kitchens and non-commercial food services but were unavailable in commercial food services. According to workers interviewed, the temperature of the environment was the worst-rated aspect of mini-kitchens, non-commercial food services and commercial food services. Nutrition service managers reported little involvement in producing biddings and proposals for hiring outside companies to run non-commercial food services or commercial food services.Conclusion:The food environment of the hospitals studied did not promote healthy eating habits.
PosgenPy: An Automated and Reproducible Approach to Assessing the Validity of Cluster Search Parameters in Atom Probe Tomography Datasets
Authors: Klupś Przemysław , Haley Daniel , London Andrew J , Gardner Hazel , Famelton James , Jenkins Benjamin M , Hyde Jonathan M , Bagot Paul AJ , Moody Michael P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of the main capabilities of atom probe tomography (APT) is the ability to not only identify but also characterize early stages of precipitation at length scales that are not achievable by other techniques. One of the most popular methods to identify nanoscale clustering in APT data, based on the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), is used extensively in many branches of research. However, it is common that not all of the steps leading to the selection of certain parameters used in the analysis are reported. Without knowing the rationale behind parameter selection, it may be difficult to compare cluster parameters obtained by different researchers. In this work, a simple open-source tool, PosgenPy, is used to justify cluster search parameter selection via providing a systematic sweep through parameter values with multiple randomizations to minimize a false-positive cluster ratio. The tool is applied to several different microstructures: a simulated material system and two experimental datasets from a low-alloy steel . The analyses show how values for the various parameters can be selected to ensure that the calculated cluster number density and cluster composition are accurate.
THE BLACK MODEL MINORITY
Authors: Marquez Bayley J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper interrogates the fundamental anti-Blackness of model minority discourses and how they are embedded in structures of anti-Blackness and settler colonialism through a genealogical examination of the contradictory history of the “Black model minority” within the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute’s Indian Program. This program educated both Black and Indigenous students throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and purposefully made racialized comparisons between groups. I read this history through present day scholarship on the model minority myth in relation to anti-Blackness and settler colonialism. I argue that the “Black model minority” at Hampton was predicated on upholding slavery through defining it as an educational project and that slavery and settler colonialism are intimately linked through pedagogy. This narrative of the Black model minority demonstrates that slavery and land dispossession were framed as pedagogic by industrial education institutions. Ultimately, this work questions the idea of “valuing education,” which is present in model minority discourses across many contexts, and how it is complicated by this history.
MRTF-A-NF-κB/p65 axis-mediated PDL1 transcription and expression contributes to immune evasion of non-small-cell lung cancer via TGF-β
Authors: Du Fu , Qi Xin , Zhang Aotong , Sui Fanfan , Wang Xuemin , Proud Christopher G. , Lin Cunzhi , Fan Xinglong , Li Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPD-L1 is abnormally regulated in many cancers and is critical for immune escape. Fully understanding the regulation of PD-L1 expression is vital for improving the clinical efficacy of relevant anticancer agents. TGF-β plays an important role in the low reactivity of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy. However, it is not very clear whether and how TGF-β affects PD-L1 expression. In the present study, we show that TGF-β upregulates the expression of the transcriptional coactivator MRTF-A in non-small-cell lung cancer cells, which subsequently interacts with NF-κB/p65 rather than SRF to facilitate the binding of NF-κB/p65 to the PDL1 promoter, thereby activating the transcription and expression of PD-L1. This leads to the immune escape of NSCLC cells. This process is dependent on the activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. In vivo, inhibition of MRTF-A effectively suppresses the growth of lung tumor syngrafts with enrichment of NK and T cells in tumor tissue. Our study defines a new signaling pathway that regulates the transcription and expression of PD-L1 upon TGF-β treatment, which may have a significant impact on research into the application of immunotherapy in treating lung cancer.
Evolutionary computational platform for the automatic discovery of nanocarriers for cancer treatment
Authors: Stillman Namid R. , Balaz Igor , Tsompanas Michail-Antisthenis , Kovacevic Marina , Azimi Sepinoud , Lafond Sébastien , Adamatzky Andrew , Hauert Sabine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present the EVONANO platform for the evolution of nanomedicines with application to anti-cancer treatments. Our work aims to decrease both the time and cost required to develop nanoparticle designs. EVONANO includes a simulator to grow tumours, extract representative scenarios, and simulate nanoparticle transport through these scenarios in order to predict nanoparticle distribution. The nanoparticle designs are optimised using machine learning to efficiently find the most effective anti-cancer treatments. We demonstrate EVONANO with two examples optimising the properties of nanoparticles and treatment to selectively kill cancer cells over a range of tumour environments. Our platform shows how in silico models that capture both tumour and tissue-scale dynamics can be combined with machine learning to optimise nanomedicine.
Exploring how microbiome signatures change across inflammatory bowel disease conditions and disease locations
Authors: Amos Gregory C. A. , Sergaki Chrysi , Logan Alastair , Iriarte Rolland , Bannaga Ayman , Chandrapalan Subashini , Wellington Elizabeth M. H. , Rijpkema Sjoerd , Arasaradnam Ramesh P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the variables that influence microbiome studies is critical for successful translational research. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex group of diseases that can present at multiple locations within the Gastrointestinal tract. Here, using the FAMISHED study cohort, we aimed to investigate the relationship between IBD condition, IBD disease location, and the microbiome. Signatures of the microbiome, including measures of diversity, taxonomy, and functionality, all significantly differed across the three different IBD conditions, Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and microscopic colitis (MC). Notably, when stratifying by disease location, patients with CD in the terminal ileum were more similar to healthy controls than patients with CD in the small bowel or colon, however no differences were observed at different disease locations across patients with UC. Change in taxonomic composition resulted in changes in function, with CD at each disease location, UC and MC all having unique functional dysbioses. CD patients in particular had deficiencies in Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) pathways. Our results demonstrate the complex relationship between IBD and the microbiome and highlight the need for consistent strategies for the stratification of clinical cohorts and downstream analysis to ensure results across microbiome studies and clinical trials are comparable.
Vitamin D oral intermittent treatment (DO IT) study, a randomized clinical trial with individual loading regimen
Authors: Rothen Jean-Pierre , Rutishauser Jonas , Walter Philipp N. , Hersberger Kurt E. , Arnet Isabelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComparison of several regimens of oral vitamin D including an individually calculated loading regimen with the aim of achieving serum values > 75 nmol/l. Interventional, randomized, 3-arm study in vitamin D-deficient outpatients. Participants were allocated to supplementation of 24,000 IU vitamin D monthly over three months, using either a monthly drinking solution (Vi-De 3) or capsule (D3 VitaCaps), or an individualized loading regimen with the capsules taken weekly. For the loading regimen, the cumulative dose was calculated according to baseline 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) serum value and body weight. Main inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years and 25(OH)D serum concentration < 50 nmol/l. The primary outcome was 25(OH)D serum concentration one week after treatment termination. Secondary endpoints were patient’s preferences and adverse events. Full datasets were obtained from 52 patients. Mean 25(OH)D values were statistically significant higher after a loading regimen compared to a monthly administration of 24,000 IU vitamin D (76.4 ± 15.8 vs 61.4 ± 10.8 nmol/l; p < 0.01). All patients treated with the loading regimen reached sufficient 25(OH)D values > 50 nmol/l. Serum 25(OH)D values > 75 nmol/l were observed more frequently in patients taking the loading regimen (47% vs 11% drinking solution vs 12% capsules). Vitamin D-related adverse effects did not occur in any treatment groups. Capsules were preferred by 88.5% of the patients. Compared to treatments with monthly intake of 24,000 IU vitamin D, the intake of an individually calculated weekly loading regimen was able to raise serum concentrations > 50 nmol/l in all cases within a safe range.