bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working towards a comprehensive understanding of HPV and cervical cancer among Indigenous women: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Sethi Sneha , Poirier Brianna , Canfell Karen , Smith Megan , Garvey Gail , Hedges Joanne , Ju Xiangqun , Jamieson Lisa M 
Published: June 2021

RationaleIndigenous peoples carry a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases and cancers and are over-represented among the socially disadvantaged of most countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor and causative agent of cervical, oropharyngeal and other cancers. Recent literature shows evidence of Indigenous populations being at increased risk of HPV infections and its associated cancers.ObjectiveThis is a qualitative systematic review. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and barriers Indigenous women face in relation to HPV awareness, knowledge and cervical screening, in order to better understand factors that may mitigate against or facilitate prevention efforts for HPV infection and associated cancers.MethodsTwo investigators independently searched MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases (for articles published from inception until 30 June 2020) using a prespecified search strategy to identify qualitative studies on narratives of Indigenous women regarding HPV infection awareness, knowledge and cervical screening, across all geographic and income-level settings. Using a ‘meta-study’ approach, a social ecological model of cervical screening, infection and associated cancer prevention among Indigenous populations was formulated.ResultsFive core themes were identified and formulated within the social ecological model; intrapersonal factors, interpersonal factors, institutional/organisational factors, sociocultural/community factors and public policy. These collectively formed the proposed social ecological model of HPV infection awareness and cervical cancer prevention among Indigenous women. This model has been synthesised by taking into account personal stories of Indigenous women and healthcare workers, thus offering a more nuanced, organised, structured and culturally sensitive approach to policy translation.ConclusionThe social ecological model of HPV infection awareness and cervical cancer prevention among Indigenous women offers a holistic and practical approach for Indigenous health policy makers. It clearly addresses the high risk of Indigenous populations at a global level in experience of both HPV infection and HPV-related cancers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207643.
PEP-CoV protocol: a PEP flute-self-care randomised controlled trial to prevent respiratory deterioration and hospitalisation in early COVID-19
Authors: Mollerup Annette , Larsen Sofus Christian , Bennetzen Anita Selmer , Henriksen Marius , Simonsen Mette Kildevaeld , Weis Nina , Kofod Linette Marie , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionInfection with SARS-CoV-2 may progress to severe pulmonary disease, COVID-19. Currently, patients admitted to hospital because of COVID-19 have better prognosis than during the first period of the pandemic due to improved treatment. However, the overall societal susceptibility of being infected makes it pivotal to prevent severe courses of disease to avoid high mortality rates and collapse of the healthcare systems. Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) self-care is used in chronic pulmonary disease and has been shown to prevent pneumonia in a high-risk cohort of patients with leukaemia. PEP flute self-care to prevent respiratory deterioration and hospitalisation in early COVID-19: a randomised trial (The PEP-CoV trial) examines the effectiveness on respiratory symptoms and need of hospital admission by regular PEP flute use among non-hospitalised individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms.Methods and analysisIn this randomised controlled trial, we hypothesise that daily PEP flute usage as add-on to usual care is superior to usual care as regards symptom severity measured by the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) at 30-day follow-up (primary outcome) and hospital admission through register data (secondary outcome). We expect to recruit 400 individuals for the trial. Participants in the intervention group receive a kit of 2 PEP flutes and adequate resistances and access to instruction videos. A telephone hotline offers possible contact to a nurse. The eight-item CAT score measures cough, phlegm, chest tightness, dyspnoea, activities of daily living at home, feeling safe at home despite symptoms, sleep quality and vigour. The CAT score is measured daily in both intervention and control arms by surveys prompted through text messages.Ethics and disseminationThe study was registered prospectively at www.clinicaltrials.gov on 27 August 2020 (NCT04530435). Ethical approval was granted by the local health research ethics committee (Journal number: H-20035929) on 23 July 2020. Enrolment of participants began on 6 October 2020. Results will be published in scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT04530435; Pre-results.
Repurposing bromocriptine for Aβ metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (REBRAnD) study: randomised placebo-controlled double-blind comparative trial and open-label extension trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of bromocriptine in Alzheimer’s disease with presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutations
Authors: Kondo Takayuki , Banno Haruhiko , Okunomiya Taro , Amino Yoko , Endo Kayoko , Nakakura Akiyoshi , Uozumi Ryuji , Kinoshita Akemi , Tada Harue , Morita Satoshi , Ishikawa Hidehiro , Shindo Akihiro , Yasuda Ken , Taruno Yosuke , Maki Takakuni , Suehiro Takashi , Mori Kohji , Ikeda Manabu , Fujita Koji , Izumi Yuishin , Kanemaru Kazutomi , Ishii Kenji , Shigenobu Kazue , Kutoku Yumiko , Sunada Yoshihide , Kawakatsu Shinobu , Shiota Shunji , Watanabe Toshifumi , Uchikawa Osamu , Takahashi Ryosuke , Tomimoto Hidekazu , Inoue Haruhisa 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Pathogenic variants in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene are the most frequent cause of early-onset AD. Medications for patients with AD bearing PSEN1 mutation (PSEN1-AD) are limited to symptomatic therapies and no established radical treatments are available. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based drug repurposing identified bromocriptine as a therapeutic candidate for PSEN1-AD. In this study, we used an enrichment strategy with iPSCs to select the study population, and we will investigate the safety and efficacy of an orally administered dose of bromocriptine in patients with PSEN1-AD.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. AD patients with PSEN1 mutations and a Mini Mental State Examination-Japanese score of ≤25 will be randomly assigned, at a 2:1 ratio, to the trial drug or placebo group (≥4 patients in TW-012R and ≥2 patients in placebo). This clinical trial consists of a screening period, double-blind phase (9 months) and extension phase (3 months). The double-blind phase for evaluating the efficacy and safety is composed of the low-dose maintenance period (10 mg/day), high-dose maintenance period (22.5 mg/day) and tapering period of the trial drug. Additionally, there is an open-labelled active drug extension period for evaluating long-term safety. Primary outcomes are safety and efficacy in cognitive and psychological function. Also, exploratory investigations for the efficacy of bromocriptine by neurological scores and biomarkers will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe proposed trial is conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (K070). The study results are expected to be disseminated at international or national conferences and published in international journals following the peer-review process.Trial registration numberjRCT2041200008,NCT04413344.
NHS CHECK: protocol for a cohort study investigating the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers
Authors: Lamb Danielle , Greenberg Neil , Hotopf Matthew , Raine Rosalind , Razavi Reza , Bhundia Rupa , Scott Hannah , Carr Ewan , Gafoor Rafael , Bakolis Ioannis , Hegarty Siobhan , Souliou Emilia , Rafferty Anne Marie , Rhead Rebecca , Weston Danny , Gnanapragasam Sam , Marlow Sally , Wessely Simon , Stevelink Sharon 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had profound effects on the working lives of healthcare workers (HCWs), but the extent to which their well-being and mental health have been affected remains unclear. This longitudinal cohort study aims to recruit a cohort of National Health Service (NHS) HCWs, conducting surveys at regular intervals to provide evidence about the prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders, and investigate associated factors such as occupational contexts and support interventions available.Methods and analysisAll staff, students and volunteers working in the 18 participating NHS Trusts in England will be sent emails inviting them to complete a survey at baseline, with email invitations for the follow-up surveys sent 6 months and 12 months later. Opening in late April 2020, the baseline survey collects data on demographics, occupational/organisational factors, experiences of COVID-19, validated measures of symptoms of poor mental health (eg, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder), and constructs such as resilience and moral injury. These surveys will be complemented by in-depth psychiatric interviews with a sample of HCWs. Qualitative interviews will also be conducted, to gain deeper understanding of the support programmes used or desired by staff, and facilitators and barriers to accessing such programmes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study was granted by the Health Research Authority (reference: 20/HRA/210, IRAS: 282686) and local Trust Research and Development approval. Cohort data are collected via Qualtrics online survey software, pseudonymised and held on secure university servers. Participants are aware that they can withdraw from the study at any time, and there is signposting to support services if participants feel they need it. Only those consenting to be contacted about further research will be invited to participate in further components. Findings will be rapidly shared with NHS Trusts, and via academic publications in due course.
Associations of atrial fibrillation with renal function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chen Tz-Heng , Chu Yuan-Chia , Ou Shuo-Ming , Tarng Der-Cherng 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) development, but the relationship between AF and subsequent renal function decline in patients with CKD is not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of AF on renal outcomes among patients with CKD.MethodsIn a retrospective hospital-based cohort study, we identified patients with CKD aged ≥20 years from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018. The patients were divided into AF and non-AF groups. We matched each patient with CKD and AF to two non-AF CKD controls according to propensity scores. The outcomes of interest included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline of ≥20%, ≥30%, ≥40% and ≥50%, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 6731 patients with AF and 13 462 matched controls were included in the analyses. Compared with the non-AF group, the AF group exhibited greater risks of eGFR decline ≥20% (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.53), ≥30% (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.66), ≥40% (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.41 to 1.85) and ≥50% (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.50 to 2.20), and ESRD (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.34). Higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores were associated with greater risks of eGFR decline and ESRD.ConclusionsIn patients with CKD, AF was associated with greater risks of subsequent renal function decline. CHA2DS2-VASc scores may be a useful risk stratification scheme for predicting the risk of renal function decline.
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: do they differ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Ozen Gulsen , Pedro Sofia , Schumacher Rebecca , Simon Teresa , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is an increasing concern in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with little known about risk factors. We aimed to compare risk factors for unprovoked VTE and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with RA and to assess subsequent ASCVD risk after an unprovoked VTE.MethodsPeople with RA participating in a US-wide longitudinal observational registry from 1998 to 2018 were assessed for incident unprovoked VTE (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli not associated with cancer, recent surgery, hospitalisation, fracture and pregnancy) and ASCVD (myocardial infarction and stroke) validated from hospital/death records. Risk factors for VTE and ASCVD and the risk of ASCVD after an unprovoked VTE were determined using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring median (IQR) 4 (1.5–7) years of follow-up in 31 366 patients with RA, 539 unprovoked VTE and 1648 ASCVD events were identified. The adjusted models showed increased VTE and ASCVD risk with older age, male sex, comorbidities, prior fracture, worse disability, higher disease activity and glucocorticoids. Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors were common in both ASCVD and VTE but only increased ASCVD risk with obesity as the exception (VTE HR (95% CI), 1.46 (1.13–1.87)) and ASCVD, 0.58 (0.50–0.68)). ASCVD risk doubled after an unprovoked VTE (HR (95% CI), 2.05 (1.43–2.95)).ConclusionOur findings suggest that unprovoked VTE is mediated by inflammation of RA and may be considered a spectrum of pan-cardiovascular syndrome.
Ecological considerations for species distribution modelling of euphausiids in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Evans Rhian , Gauthier Stéphane , Robinson Clifford L.K. 
Published: June 2021

Euphausiids are a keystone species in marine food webs of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, important for forage fish, commercial fish species and marine predators such as seabirds and whales. Ecosystem-based fisheries management relies on realistic lower-trophic-level information for forecasting under future changing climate scenarios. We synthesised information from quantitative modelling studies analysing the relationship between euphausiids and their environment for two species of euphausiids that dominate assemblages in this region — Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera. Studies analysed suggest that variables reflecting the physical and biological environment in situ, features reflecting the geomorphic marine landscape, and large-scale climate indices all significantly affect euphausiid biomass and distribution. Temperature was the most tested predictor variable in the euphausiid models reviewed; however, it was significant in fewer models than other variables tested. We review and compare model structures, predictor variable selection and temporal lag phases to develop recommendations for species distribution modelling of euphausiids in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. We believe the results from this review will be applicable globally across regions with similar climates where euphausiids are numerous and can be adapted for different species and environments.
The superconducting dome for holographic doped Mott insulator with hyperscaling violation
Authors: Cai Wenhe , Sin Sang-Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe reconsider the holographic model featuring a superconducting dome on the temperature-doping phase diagram with a modified view on the role of the two charges. The first type charge with density $$\rho _{A}$$

ρ
A

make the Mott insulator, and the second one with $$\rho _{B}$$

ρ
B

is the extra charge by doping, so that the complex scalar describing the cooper pair condensation couples only with the second charge. We point out that the key role in creating the dome is played by the three point interaction $$-c \chi ^{2} F_{\mu \nu }G^{\mu \nu }$$

-
c

χ
2

F

μ
ν

G

μ
ν

. The Tc increases with their coupling. We also consider the effect of the quantum critical point hidden under the dome using the geometry of hyperscaling violation. Our results show that the dome size and optimal temperature increase with z whatever is $$\theta $$
θ
, while we get bigger $$\theta $$
θ
for larger (smaller) dome depending on $$z>2$$

z
>
2

($$z<2$$

z
<
2

). We also point out that the condensate increases for bigger value of $$\theta $$
θ
but for smaller value of z.
Time reclustering for jet quenching studies
Authors: Apolinário Liliana , Cordeiro André , Zapp Korinna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe physics program of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) has brought a unique insight into the hot and dense QCD matter created in such collisions, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Jet quenching, a collection of medium-induced modifications of the jets’ internal structure that occur through their development in dense QCD matter, has a unique potential to assess the time structure of the produced medium. In this work, we perform an exploratory study to identify jet reclustering tools that can potentiate future QGP tomographic measurements with jets at current energies. Our results show that by using the inverse of formation time to obtain the jet clustering history, one can identify more accurately the time structure of QCD emissions inside jets, even in the presence of jet quenching.
Quaternion rings over local rings
Authors: Kikumasa Isao , Oshiro Kiyoichi 
Published: June 2021

In 1843, Hamilton (1805–1865) discovered the 4-dimensional division algebra [Formula: see text] over the field [Formula: see text] of real numbers. Hamilton’s big discovery is the following beautiful multiplications for the basis [Formula: see text] :[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] contains the field [Formula: see text] of complex numbers; therefore [Formula: see text]. Frobenius (1849–1917) showed the following outstanding theorem. Theorem (Frobenius). Up to isomorphism, the only finite-dimensional non-commutative division algebra over [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. Starting from given any ring [Formula: see text] and a free right [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text], the quaternion ring [Formula: see text] is canonically defined by the multiplications [Formula: see text]. For a commutative field [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a division ring or isomorphic to the ring of [Formula: see text] matrices over [Formula: see text]. This is a classical theorem. For nonzero [Formula: see text] in the center of a ring [Formula: see text], the generalized quaternion ring [Formula: see text] is defined. [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. In [I. Kikumasa, K. Koike and K. Oshiro, Complex rings and quaternion rings, East-West J. Math. 21 (2019) 1–19; I. Kikumasa, G. Lee and K. Oshiro, Complex Rings, Quaternion Rings and Octonion Rings (Lambert Academic Publishing, 2020); G. Lee and K. Oshiro, Quaternion rings and octonion rings, Front. Math. China 12(1) (2017) 143–155], quaternion rings and generalized quaternion rings over division rings or other rings are studied. Now, in this paper, from ring theoretic viewpoints, we study quaternion rings [Formula: see text] and generalized quaternion rings [Formula: see text] over local rings [Formula: see text]. From our results, we can clearly look over several classical results on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] over commutative fields [Formula: see text].
A Humanized Animal Model Predicts Clonal Evolution and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Celik Hamza , Krug Ethan , Zhang Christine R. , Han Wentao , Issa Nancy , Koh Won Kyun , Bjeije Hassan , Kukhar Ostap , Allen Maggie , Li Tiandao , Fisher Daniel A.C. , Fowles Jared S. , Wong Terrence N. , Stubbs Matthew C. , Koblish Holly K. , Oh Stephen T. , Challen Grant A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic blood diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. Although sequencing studies have elucidated the genetic mutations that drive these diseases, MPNs remain largely incurable with a significant proportion of patients progressing to rapidly fatal secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Therapeutic discovery has been hampered by the inability of genetically engineered mouse models to generate key human pathologies such as bone marrow fibrosis. To circumvent these limitations, here we present a humanized animal model of myelofibrosis (MF) patient-derived xenografts (PDX). These PDXs robustly engrafted patient cells that recapitulated the patient's genetic hierarchy and pathologies such as reticulin fibrosis and propagation of MPN-initiating stem cells. The model can select for engraftment of rare leukemic subclones to identify patients with MF at risk for sAML transformation and can be used as a platform for genetic target validation and therapeutic discovery. We present a novel but generalizable model to study human MPN biology.

Significance:
Although the genetic events driving MPNs are well defined, therapeutic discovery has been hampered by the inability of murine models to replicate key patient pathologies. Here, we present a PDX system to model human myelofibrosis that reproduces human pathologies and is amenable to genetic and pharmacologic manipulation.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945
Activating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Induces a Broad Antitumor Response
Authors: Ruf Benjamin , Catania Vanessa V. , Wabitsch Simon , Ma Chi , Diggs Laurence P. , Zhang Qianfei , Heinrich Bernd , Subramanyam Varun , Cui Linda L. , Pouzolles Marie , Evans Christine N. , Chari Raj , Sakai Shunsuke , Oh Sangmi , Barry Clifton E. , Barber Daniel L. , Greten Tim F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted innate-like T cells that recognize non-peptide antigens including riboflavin derivates. Although in vitro–activated MAIT cells show antitumor activity, the in vivo role of MAIT cells in cancer is still unclear. Here, we have shown that MAIT cells have antitumor function in vivo when activated by a combination of the synthetic riboflavin synthesis pathway–derived antigen 5-OP-RU [5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil] and the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG. Coadministration of 5-OP-RU and CpG induced strong systemic in vivo expansion and activation of MAIT cells with high CD69 expression, pronounced effector memory phenotype, and upregulated levels of effector molecules including IFNγ, granzyme B, and perforin. Activated and expanded MAITs induced a potent and broad antitumor immune response in murine models of liver metastasis and hepatocellular carcinoma, lung metastasis, and subcutaneous tumors in two different mouse strains. Such tumor inhibition was absent in MAIT-deficient Mr1−/− mice. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MR1 knockout in tumor cells did not affect efficacy of this MAIT-directed immunotherapy, pointing toward an indirect mechanism of action. Our findings suggest that MAIT cells are an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy.
See related Spotlight by Lantz, p. 996.