bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transglutaminase 2 mediates UVB‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐1 expression by inhibiting nuclear p65 degradation in dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Seok‐Jin , Lee Ki Baek , Hong Ah‐Young , Son Young Hoon , Lee Dong Hun , Jeong Eui Man , Kim In‐Gyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in tissue remodelling by cleaving extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In the skin, UV irradiation increases expression of MMPs that causes dysregulation of ECM homeostasis in dermis, leading to acceleration of skin aging. However, the mediator(s) that links UV irradiation to the upregulation of MMPs have not been fully defined. Previously, we showed that UVB irradiation activated transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in keratinocytes, eliciting an inflammatory response by activating NF‐κB signalling. In this study, we reported the role of TG2 in mediating the UVB‐induced expression of MMP‐1. In human dermal fibroblasts, UVB irradiation enhanced the expression and activity of TG2, which in turn promotes the expression of MMP‐1. Analyses of MMP‐1 promoter showed that activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway, rather than AP‐1, was responsible for the TG2‐mediated upregulation of MMP‐1. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that TG2 increased the activity of NF‐κB by inhibiting degradation of p65 in the nucleus. Furthermore, ex vivo skin from TG2‐knockout mice exhibited significantly reduced levels of MMP‐1 compared to that from wild‐type mice. These results indicate that TG2 functions as a mediator for the UVB‐induced expression of MMP‐1 in dermal fibroblasts, providing a new target for preventing skin photodamage.
Foster care and the growing tension between the religion clauses: A comment on Rogers v. HHS
Authors: Tuttle Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2018, the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services and the State of South Carolina agreed to waive their requirements of religious non‐discrimination by state‐funded, licensed child placement agencies. The state had discovered that its largest provider, Miracle Hill, approved the applications of only those who shared its Evangelical Protestant faith. After Miracle Hill refused on religious grounds to assess a Unitarian couple's fitness, the couple filed suit against various federal and state defendants, alleging that the waivers constituted an establishment of religion. This paper explores South Carolina's argument that Miracle Hill's asserted free exercise rights render irrelevant constraints that the Establishment Clause might place on this religious accommodation. I conclude that the state's reliance on Fulton is misplaced. Here, the state should be deemed constitutionally responsible for the religion‐based exclusion of prospective foster parents. More controversially, I contend that the state should also be held constitutionally responsible for the religious indoctrination of children placed with families approved by Miracle Hill. Such responsibility has long been and should remain a central concern of the Establishment Clause and overcomes any countervailing free exercise interests of Miracle Hill or other faith‐based providers. This focus on responsibility offers significant depth and nuance to conventional but vague Establishment Clause concepts about state support of religion.
Influence of corrosion preventive compounds on the friction force in aircraft lap joints
Authors: Gavrylov Ievgen , Karuskevich Mikhail , Ignatovich Sergey , Yutskevych Sviatoslav , Maslak Tetiana 
Published: December 2021

Highlights

Long service life of aircraft aggravates problems of metal fatigue and corrosion.
Corrosion preventive compounds are used as a complementary method against corrosion.
Preventive compounds change friction in riveted joints and affect fatigue life.
The proposed method evaluates compounds influence on friction in the riveted joins.
Complex range shifts among forest functional types under the contemporary warming
Authors: Koide Dai , Yoshikawa Tetsuro , Ishihama Fumiko , Kadoya Taku 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe direction and magnitude of species distribution shifts tend to differ among species and functional types (FTs). Quantifying functional trait variation and species interactions will improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms that govern ecosystem dynamics and their responses to climate change. Here, we analyzed differences in the juvenile and adult temperature ranges of Japanese tree species at the mean, colder edge, and warmer edge of their distributions to reveal how functional traits affect interactions between different FT groups (e.g., deciduous and evergreen broad‐leaved trees), using linear models and permutation tests. Overall, juveniles preferred cooler sites, but with high variation. The variation among species was partly explained by the difference in seed mass where species with lighter seeds tend to colonize colder sites. On the other hand, the distribution range of FTs showed complex behavior at the ecotones of different FTs. Specifically, in three of eight ecotones, nonparallel range shifts between FTs were detected, which includes cold shifting in deciduous broad‐leaved FT where a warm shift by subalpine FT happened, and cold shifting in subtropical FT where warm shifts by either the deciduous broad‐leaved or the evergreen broad‐leaved FTs happened. Our results suggest that past warming has caused a general cold shift at species level, whereas different mechanisms, such as light seeds disperse farther in distribution's colder edge and heavy seeds (e.g., evergreen broad‐leaved) compete better in warmer edge, create nonparallel responses of FT distribution ranges leading to the observed homogenization at several ecotones among FTs. These complex range shifts at FT level have crucial implications for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
HCV reinfection after HCV therapy among HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals in Europe
Authors: Amele Sarah , Sandri Anastasia Karachalia , Rodger Alison , Vandekerckhove Linos , Benfield Thomas , Milinkovic Ana , Duvivier Claudine , Stellbrink Hans‐Jürgen , Sambatakou Helen , Chkhartishvili Nikoloz , Caldeira Luis , Laguno Monserrat , Domingo Pere , Wandeler Gilles , Gisinger Martin , Kuzovatova Elena , Dragovic Gordana , Knysz Brygida , Matulionyte Raimonda , Rockstroh Jürgen Kurt , Lundgren Jens Dilling , Mocroft Amanda , Peters Lars ,   the EuroSIDA study group
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) can clear HCV in nearly all HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals, high rates of reinfection may hamper efforts to eliminate HCV in this population. We investigated reinfection after sustained virological response (SVR) in HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals in Europe.MethodsFactors associated with odds of reinfection by 2 years after SVR in EuroSIDA participants with one or more HCV‐RNA test and 2 years follow‐up were assessed using logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 1022 individuals were included. The median age was 50 (interquartile range: 43–54 years), and most were male (78%), injection drug users (52%), and received interferon (IFN)‐free DAAs (62%). By 24 months, 75 [7.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.7–8.9%] individuals were reinfected. Among individuals treated prior to 2014, 16.1% were reinfected compared with 4.2% and 8.3%, respectively, among those treated during or after 2014 with IFN‐free and IFN‐based therapy. After adjustment, individuals who had started treatment during or after 2014 with IFN‐free or IFN‐based therapy had significantly lower odds of reinfection (adjusted odds ratio = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11–0.38; 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22–0.83) compared with those who had received therapy before 2014. There were no significant differences in odds of reinfection according to age, gender, European region, HIV transmission risk group or liver fibrosis.ConclusionsAmong HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals in Europe, 7.3% were reinfected with HCV within 24 months of achieving SVR, with evidence suggesting that this is decreasing over time and with use of newer HCV regimens. Harm reduction to reduce reinfection and surveillance to detect early reinfection with an offer of treatment are essential to eliminate HCV.
Child welfare policy and services in Korea
Authors: Chung Yiyoon , Ahn Haksoon , Lah T. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the past 20 years, the Korean government has developed child welfare laws to respond to an increasing number of child maltreatment cases and create a centralized child welfare delivery system. However, the system remains fragmented and under‐developed due to a lack of understanding of child maltreatment and limited government support. Further, few studies have comprehensively reviewed the system. This study examines the Korean child welfare system, identifies challenges for child welfare policies and services, and discusses the implications for future policy; the results can be used to improve the safety, permanency, and well‐being of children and families in Korea. The analysis shows that the government has prioritized family preservation over removal from families, even in substantiated cases of abuse. However, ensuring the safety of children in Korea will require not only working to preserve families but also developing and implementing better options for in‐home services and out‐of‐home placement.
Launching a new journal: Fifty years of the journal of applied social psychology
Authors: Streufert Siegfried , Streufert Glenda Nogami , Streufert Susan C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the background and the process leading to the 1970–1971 launch of theJournal of Applied Social Psychology. In the late 1960s, founding editor Dr. Siegfried Streufert had a deep belief in the need to create an outlet for excellent research addressing applications of social psychology to “real‐world” problems. He looked forward to marking this milestone year of publication ofJASPwith this article. Sadly, Siegfried passed away in April 2019, 50 years after developing and implementing the concept for the journal. We present the history as he wrote it, with some editing, in his honor.
The leader effect and behavioral complexity
Authors: Cockerill Anthony Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews research into the impact that leaders have on performance outcomes and into the identification of behavioral competencies associated with superior leadership effectiveness. The review indicates that around twenty percent of performance outcomes may be attributed to leaders depending on the level of discretion they exercise. Eleven High‐Performance Competencies (H‐PC) are identified that appear associated with the leader effect; several of these H‐PC derive from Behavioral Complexity Theory as developed and explored by Professor Siegfried Streufert and his colleagues.
MEDTHINKER: Novel computer‐based simulation to assess technical and nontechnical skills using medical content in healthcare providers
Authors: Krishnamurthy Satish , MacNaughton Piers , Chin Lawrence , Dewan Mantosh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe practice of medicine involves an interplay of technical knowledge and skills as well as nontechnical skills. Nontechnical skills include situational awareness, decision making, communication and performance under stress. Both technical skills and nontechnical skills are equally important, and we present a novel simulation MEDTHINKER which has specific medical content as well as measures of nontechnical skills, with specific algorithms and metrics designed to capture core competencies of healthcare performance. 100 residents from three disciplines across four institutions in the US participated in the MEDTHINKER simulation exercise. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the raw scores on the MEDTHINKER simulation. Generalized linear models were used to compare self‐reported satisfaction and overall sense of achievement with normalized scores on the MEDTHINKER simulations. The results demonstrate that productivity and safety had strong positive correlations with ability to adapt, capacity to task focus and good communication skills. Increased overall productivity resulted in a negative correlation with errors rates. Self‐reported job satisfaction and achievement showed strongly positive correlations with each other. Interestingly, adaptability was strongly correlated with productivity and job satisfaction which has many components of workplace well‐being as measured in this research. The data obtained provides validation for the utility of MEDTHINKER which has the ability to assess both technical and nontechnical skills. The data demonstrates that MEDTHINKER can measure indicators of good clinical performance that correlate with self‐reported job satisfaction and achievement.
Behavioral complexity theory: Seven decades and beyond
Authors: Cockerill Anthony Peter , Satish Akhila 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a synopsis of the origins and subsequent development of behavioral complexity theory (BCT). First, the foundational contributions of personal construct theory, conceptual systems theory, and the conceptual complexity theory are described. Second, the diversification of BCT via integrative complexity theory, Strategic Management Simulations, and Metacomplexity Simulations is outlined. Next, the discussion emphasizes the contemporary relevance and importance of BCT, suggests that more scalable assessment and development technologies should be created (especially of integration), and ends by calling for enhanced interaction within the BCT community.
Behavioral complexity assessment technology: Moving toward holistic evaluations
Authors: Satish Usha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDr. Siegfried Streufert devoted a considerable part of his career to designing and developing assessment and training technologies based on his theory of Behavioral complexity. The underlying emphasis in the design of his methodology called the Strategic Management Simulations (SMS), was on understanding “real world” productivity in an objective manner. This methodology focuses on the demonstrated decision‐making capacity of an individual in various situations and its impact on human productivity and well‐being. The SMS methodology compliments other evaluation tools that focus on individual “preferences”, “aspirations” and basic problem‐solving skill sets. The following commentary provides a brief overview of well‐used methodologies and describes the SMS comprehensive assessment which is focused on real world productivity and is constructed using Behavioral complexity theoretical paradigms.
Discrepancies in the diagnosis of hypertension in adolescents according to available office and home high blood pressure criteria
Authors: Feitosa Fabiana G. A. M. , Feitosa Audes D. M. , Mota‐Gomes Marco A. , Paiva Annelise M. G. , Barroso Weimar S. , Miranda Roberto D. , Barbosa Eduardo C. D. , Brandão Andréa A. , Jardim Thiago S. V. , Jardim Paulo C. B. V. , Feitosa Arthur B. M. , Santos Maria V. C. , Lima‐Filho José L. , Sposito Andrei C. , Nadruz Wilson 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed at comparing the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure (BP) phenotypes among 241 adolescents referred for hypertension (15.4 ± 1.4 years, 62% males, 40% obese) according to mostly used or available criteria for hypertension [AAP or ESH criteria for high office BP (OBP); Arsakeion or Goiânia schools’ criteria for high home BP monitoring (HBPM)]. High OBP prevalence was greater when defined by AAP compared with ESH criteria (43.5% vs. 24.5%; p < .001), while high HBPM prevalence was similar between Arsakeion and Goiânia criteria (33.5% and 37.5%; p = .34). Fifty‐five percent of the sample fulfilled at least one criterion for high BP, but only 31% of this subsample accomplished all four criteria. Regardless of the HBPM criteria, AAP thresholds were associated with lower prevalence of normotension and masked hypertension and greater prevalence of white‐coat and sustained hypertension than ESH thresholds. These findings support the need to standardize the definition of hypertension among adolescents.
Causes and consequences of variation in development time in a field cricket
Authors: Gershman Susan N. , Miller Owen G. , Hamilton Ian M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVariation in development time can affect life‐history traits that contribute to fitness. InGryllus vocalis, a non‐diapausing cricket with variable development time, we used a path analysis approach to determine the causative relationships between parental age, offspring development time and offspring life‐history traits. Our best‐supported path model included both the effects of parental age and offspring development time on offspring morphological traits. This result suggests that offspring traits are influenced by both variation in acquisition of resources and trade‐offs between traits. We found that crickets with longer development times became larger adults with better phenoloxidase‐based immunity. This is consistent with the hypothesis that crickets must make a trade‐off between developing quickly to avoid predation before reproduction and attaining better immunity and a larger adult body size that provides advantages in male–male competition, mate choice and female fecundity. Slower‐developing crickets were also more likely to be short‐winged (unable to disperse by flight). Parental age has opposing direct and indirect effects on the body size of daughters, but when both the direct and indirect effects of parental age are taken into account, younger parents had smaller sons and daughters. This pattern may be attributable to a parental trade‐off between the number and size of eggs produced with younger parents producing more eggs with fewer resources per egg. The relationships between variables in the life‐history traits of sons and daughters were similar, suggesting that parental age and development time had similar causative effects on male and female life‐history traits.
Where whole‐genome duplication is most beneficial: Adaptation of mangroves to a wide salinity range between land and sea
Authors: Xu Shaohua , Guo Zixiao , Feng Xiao , Shao Shao , Yang Yuchen , Li Jianfang , Zhong Cairong , He Ziwen , Shi Suhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhole‐genome duplication (WGD) is believed to increase the chance of adaptation to a new environment. This conjecture may apply particularly well to new environments that are not only different but also more variable than ancestral habitats. One such prominent environment is the interface between land and sea, which has been invaded by woody plants, collectively referred as mangroves, multiple times. Here, we use two distantly related mangrove species (Avicennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata) to explore the effects of WGD on the adaptive process. We found that a high proportion of duplicated genes retained after WGD have acquired derived differential expression in response to salt gradient treatment. The WGD duplicates differentially expressed in at least one copy usually (>90%) diverge from their paralogues’ expression profiles. Furthermore, both species evolved in parallel to have one paralogue expressed at a high level in both fresh water and hypersaline conditions but at a lower level at medium salinity. The pattern contrasts with the conventional view of monotone increase/decrease as salinity increases. Differentially expressed copies have thus probably acquired a new role in salinity tolerance. Our results indicate that the WGD duplicates may have evolved to function collaboratively in coping with different salinity levels, rather than specializing in the intermediate salinity optimal for mangrove plants. In conclusion, WGD and the retained duplicates appear to be an effective solution for adaptation to new and unstable environments.
Modes of ventilation for pediatric patients under anesthesia: A Pro/Con conversation
Authors: Brooks Peterson Melissa , Szolnoki Judit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of sophisticated modes of ventilation for pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia is ongoing; what remains a challenge for the pediatric anesthesiologist is thoughtful selection of the mode(s) of ventilation for a particular patient in the context of the surgical procedure and the goals of the anesthetic. This article provides some historical accounting of a variety of modes of ventilation, defines the terminology of modern ventilatory modes, and reviews in detail the benefits and pitfalls of the specific modes of ventilation and their applicability to the practice of pediatric anesthesiology. In an attempt to debate the Pros and Cons of different modes of ventilation, and to finally resolve the debate “spontaneous vs. controlled ventilation,” we share with you a thoughtful conversation of the continuum of modes of ventilation and their applicability to our pediatric anesthesia population.
Update on ventilation management in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Egbuta Chinyere , Easley Ronald Blaine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudies have shown that up to 63% of pediatric intensive care unit patients admitted with acute respiratory or cardiorespiratory illness require mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilator support can be divided into three phases: initiation, escalation, and resolution. Noninvasive ventilation is typical during the initiation phase in the management of acute pediatric respiratory failure. The major advancements in the use of noninvasive ventilation involve the emergence of high‐flow nasal cannula and how widespread the use of high‐flow nasal cannula has become in pediatric critical care practice. When high‐flow nasal cannula fails, escalation to continuous positive airway pressure or bi‐level positive airway pressure is the next step in respiratory care progression. Careful clinical assessment is necessary to avoid delayed escalation between forms of noninvasive support or escalation to intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. Advancements in conventional mechanical ventilation are centered on optimizing ventilator settings and customizing monitoring with the overarching goal to reduce complications of mechanical ventilation, such as ventilator‐induced lung injury. New mechanical ventilator strategies integrating esophageal pressure monitoring, volumetric capnography, and neurally adjusted ventilator assist help to optimize conventional ventilator support. Nonconventional modes of ventilation in the intensive care unit are high‐frequency modes and airway pressure release ventilation. Extracorporeal pulmonary support via extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or paracorporeal lung assist devices provides rescue options when conventional and nonconventional methods fail. During resolution of a course of mechanical ventilator support, reliable weaning strategies and extubation readiness testing are lacking in pediatric critical care. Further, timing of tracheostomy, risk reduction in ventilator‐induced lung injury, and decreased sedation requirements in pediatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit are areas of ongoing research.
Knowing in Aristotle part 2:Technē, phronēsis, sophia,and divine cognitive activities
Authors: Cohoe Caleb Murray 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this second of a 2‐part survey of Aristotle’s epistemology, I present an overview of Aristotle’s views on techne (craft or excellent productive reason) and phronēsis (practical wisdom or excellent practical reason). For Aristotle, attaining the truth in practical matters involves actually doing the right action. While technē and phronēsis are rational excellences, for Aristotle they are not as excellent or true as epistēmē ornousbecause the kinds of truth that they grasp are imperfect and because they are excellent states for humans, not simply speaking. I then discuss why Aristotle takes sophia (wisdom), understanding and scientific knowledge of the best things, to be its own excellence. While this is the best cognitive state for human beings, I argue that Aristotle thinks divine cognitive activity is different in kind and more perfect than any human activity.