bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rasch calibration and optimal categorization of the sport fandom questionnaire
Authors: Kim Han Soo , Kang Minsoo , Kim Minjung 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the category function of the sport fandom questionnaire (SFQ), determine the optimal categorization of the SFQ and calibrate the measurement qualities of the newly modified rating scale option using Rasch analysis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on the Rasch analysis to validate the SFQ. A series of studies are performed based on analysis procedures for the responses from 244 (study 1) and 477 (study 2) participants.FindingsThe results revealed that the original SFQ consisting of the eight-category rating scale is flagged due to irregular observation distribution and disordering of thresholds, whereas both six-category and seven-category rating scales meet the guidelines for the optimal categorization. However, only the seven-category rating scale showed desirable model-data fit indices. Furthermore, the results of the Rasch calibration model showed that all items of the SFQ have large variability, and a person's ability level varied moderately along the continuum.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies, examining the psychometric properties of the SFQ, the current study provides information about the optimal categorization and presents a novel reconstruction category in measuring individuals' sport fandom level. In measuring the level of sport fandom, the authors suggest the use of a seven-category rating scale that the current study found to exhibit reliability and construct validity.
To post or not to post? Exploring the motivations behind brand-related engagement types on social networking sites
Authors: Yesiloglu Sevil , Memery Juliet , Chapleo Chris 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate consumer motivations behind brand-related engagement on social media by exploring three different engagement types: consuming, contributing (to) and creating. Previous research suggests that many brands seek to engage with consumers via communications on social networking sites; however, most focus on quantitative metrics and measurement tools to evaluate such behaviour and so offer limited understanding and guidance. To address this gap, the current study utilises a mixed-method approach to investigate the motivations behind each brand-related engagement type to provide deeper insight into what motivates consumers to engage with brand-related posts on social networking sites. This study also aims to investigate whether the motivations between different engagement types exist and whether these vary between brands and other people's brand-related posts.Design/methodology/approachA two-phase integrated qualitative–quantitative research design was utilised. Twelve semi-structured interviews explored the range of consumers' brand engagement motivations before an online survey (N = 225) identified and confirmed the motivational similarities and differences between the three brand-related engagement types.FindingsDifferent motives influence each brand-related engagement type, bar the “enjoyment” motive, which triggers all three engagement types. Of particular interest is the identification of a new motive for engagement-seeking compensation that influences negative brand-related engagement.Practical implicationsThrough understanding what motivates consumers to consume, contribute and create, brands can tailor their marketing messages to each different brand-related engagement type. This will increase their engagement with consumers on social networking sites, as specific segments can be created by the brand to enhance their targeting strategies based on consumers' differing motivations within social media channels.Originality/valueThis study contributes a much-needed framework of motivations for brand-related engagement on social media, recognising variations in motivations by type of engagement (consume, contribute (to), create).
Integrated reporting and board characteristics: evidence from top Australian listed companies
Authors: Omran Mohamed , Ramdhony Dinesh , Mooneeapen Oren , Nursimloo Vishaka 
Published: May 2021

PurposeDrawing upon agency theory, this study analyses the influence of board characteristics on integrated reporting (IR) for the top 50 companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX50). Focus is placed on IR at the aggregate level as well as its separate components, namely Future Opportunities and Risks (FOPRI), Governance and Strategy (GOVSTR), Performance (PERF), Overview and Business Model (OBM) and General Preparation and Presentation (GPP).Design/methodology/approachA checklist is devised based on the IIRC (International Integrated Reporting Council) framework to track companies' disclosures for the period from 1st July 2014 to 30th June 2017. Regression analysis is used to investigate the determinants (board size, board independence, activity of the board, gender diversity, firm size, profitability and growth opportunities) of IR and its separate components.FindingsThe findings indicate a significant and positive effect of board independence on the aggregate IR index, FOPRI and GPP. A negative and significant association is found between activity of the board and both the aggregate IR index and its separate components, including GOVSTR, PERF and GPP. Additionally, the aggregate IR index is significantly related to firm size, profitability and growth opportunities.Research limitations/implicationsThe limited sample of 50 companies over three years is the main limitation of the study. The study suffers from an inherent limitation from the use of content analysis in assessing the level of IR. No checklist to measure the level of IR can be fully exhaustive. Furthermore, we focus on whether an item in the checklist is disclosed, using a dichotomous scale, thus ignoring the quality of information disclosed.Practical implicationsThe study has several practical implications. From a managerial perspective, it shows that having more board meetings harms the level of IR. The results can guide regulators, such as the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) and the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), when drafting new regulations/guidelines/listing rules. If regulators aim for a higher level of integration in the reports, they know which “triggers to pull” to attain their target. Our results can guide regulators to choose the appropriate trigger among various alternatives. For instance, if a higher level of integrated reporting is desired, size instead of profitability should be chosen. Finally, ASX listed companies can use our checklist as a scorecard for their self-assessment.Originality/valueThis research is the first to investigate IR by devising a checklist based on IIRC (2013) along with an additional GPP component in the ASX context. Using separate models to examine each component of the aggregate IR index is also unique to this study. The study also brings to the fore the role of gender-diverse boards in promoting IR. It reiterates the debate about imposing a quota for better gender representation on boards.
Successful treatment of BRAF/MEK inhibitor‐resistant advanced cutaneous melanoma with nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy followed by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Okuma Takami , Furudate Sadanori , Kambayashi Yumi , Hashimoto Akira , Aiba Setsuya , Fujimura Taku 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBRAF kinase inhibitors in combination with MEK kinase inhibitors are among the most promising chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of advanced BRAF‐mutant melanoma. Although the NCCN guideline for cutaneous melanoma recommended BRAF/MEK inhibitors as first‐line therapies for unresectable BRAF‐mutated melanoma, resistance to these drugs should be taken into account in real‐world practice. Therefore, development of a protocol for BRAF/MEK inhibitor‐resistant advanced melanoma is needed. In this report, a case of BRAF/MEK inhibitor‐resistant advanced cutaneous melanoma that was successfully treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy followed by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is reported. In the present case, not only the locally irradiated lesion, but remote metastases including inguinal lymph nodes decreased after ipilimumab plus nivolumab followed by IMRT treatment leading to complete remission, suggesting that IMRT triggered an abscopal response. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed increased CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells after radio‐immunotherapy (RIT). This case suggests that RIT might break the tolerance in the tumor microenvironment and induce a systemic anti‐melanoma immune response.
Current situation of viral hepatitis in Egypt
Authors: Elbahrawy Ashraf , Ibrahim Marwa K. , Eliwa Ahmed , Alboraie Mohamed , Madian Ali , Aly Hussein Hassan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn estimated 8–10 million people suffer from viral hepatitis in Egypt. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are the major causes of viral hepatitis in Egypt as 50% or more of the Egyptian population are already exposed to HAV infection by the age of 15. In addition, over 60% of the Egyptian population test seropositive for anti‐HEV in the first decade of life. HEV mainly causes self‐limiting hepatitis; however, cases of fulminant hepatitis and liver failure were reported in Egypt. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) are the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) in Egypt. Globally, Egypt had the highest age‐standardized death rate due to cirrhosis from 1990 to 2017. The prevalence rate of HBV (1.3%–1.5%) has declined after national infantile immunization. Coinfection of HBV patients with HDV is common in Egypt because HDV antibodies (IgG) vary in range from 8.3% to 43% among total HBV patients. After the conduction of multiple national programs to control HCV infection, a lower rate of HCV prevalence (4.6%) was recently reported. Data about the incidence of HCV after treatment with direct antiviral agents (DAAs) are lacking. An HCC incidence of 29/1000/year in cirrhotic patients after DAA treatment is reported. A higher rate of infiltrative pattern among HCC patients after DAA treatment is also recognized. Viral hepatitis is one of the major public health concerns in Egypt that needs more attention and funding from health policymakers.
Characteristics of emergency patients admitted to hospital with asthma: A population‐based cohort study in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Simunovic Marko , Erbas Bircan , Boyle Justin , Baker Philip , Davies Janet M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePatient characteristics with exacerbation of asthma accessing care in the ED who are at risk of hospital admission have not been determined in subtropical climates. The objective of the study was to investigate the spatiotemporal burden of asthma hospital admissions across Queensland (QLD) and model risk factors for asthma hospital admission following an ED visit.MethodsSix years of routinely collected data (2012–2017) from 28 QLD public hospitals were extracted from Queensland Health's Emergency Data Collection. The dataset contained individual, episode‐level ED presentations having asthma‐like diagnoses, and an indicator of hospital admission, including to short‐stay unit (SSU). A generalised additive model was used to examine the risk of asthma hospital admission.ResultsAsthma hospital admissions increased from a weekly median of 79 (interquartile range [IQR] 66–99) in 2012 to 104 (IQR 81–135) in 2017. A higher incidence of asthma hospital admission was observed among males (median age 9, IQR 5–32) in childhood and females in adulthood (median age 32, IQR 11–51). Compared to the state capital Brisbane, the odds of asthma hospital admission ranged from 0.48 (95% CI 0.42–0.54) to 1.34 (95%CI 1.21–1.48) in other regions of QLD.ConclusionAsthma hospital admissions appear to be increasing in QLD, largely driven by utilisation of the SSU admissions for asthma. With large variation in both incidence and proportion admitted across different regions, routinely collected data can in part be used to understand risk factors for asthma‐related hospital admission following an ED presentation and further inform public health policy development.
Action of alkyl glycerol ethers and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diet on hematological parameters of blood and liver plasmalogen level in aged rats
Authors: Sultanov Ruslan , Ermolenko Ekaterina , Poleschuk Tatiana , Denisenko Yulia , Kasyanov Sergey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the ways to reduce age‐related changes can be a diet correction by adding biologically active substances. We studied the effect of a diet including alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrate isolated from the hepatopancreas of Berrytheuthis magister squid on hematological parameters and plasmalogens level in the liver of elderly rats. The senile animals showed decrease in hemoglobin, a three‐fold decrease in leukocytes, a three‐fold increase in platelet count, and a double decrease of blood coagulation time in the peripheral blood. Age‐related changes in rats were characterized by the development of anemia, hypercoagulation, and a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells. AGs, both separately and in combination with n‐3 PUFAs, induced an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, a decrease in the number of platelets, and an immunostimulating activity. Under the action of AGs and n‐3 PUFAs, the concentration of plasmalogens and docosahexaenoic acid in the rat liver increased 2‐ and 1.5 folds, respectively.Practical ApplicationThis study showed that the combined use of AGs and n‐3 PUFAs improves the rheological properties of the blood and the state of the immune system during aging. The enrichment of diet with dietary supplements, whose structure contains AGs and n‐3 PUFAs can increase the content of plasmalogens in the body.
IFN‐alpha receptor deficiency enhances host resistance to oral Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection during murine pregnancy
Authors: Agbayani Gerard , Clark Kristina , Sandhu Jagdeep K. , Hewitt Melissa , Sad Subash , Murphy Shawn P. , Krishnan Lakshmi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProblemMaternal tolerance during pregnancy increases the risk of infection with certain intracellular pathogens. Systemic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm) infection during pregnancy in normally resistant 129X1/SvJ mice leads to severe placental infection, as well as fetal and maternal deaths. However, the effect of oral infection with S.Tm in pregnant mice and the roles of infection‐induced inflammation and cell death pathways in contributing to susceptibility to infection are unclear.Method of StudyNon‐pregnant and pregnant C57BL/6J wild‐type (WT) and cell death pathway‐altered mice (IFNAR1−/−, Caspase‐1, 11−/−, RIP3−/−) were infected orally with S.Tm. Host survival and fetal resorption were determined. Bacterial burden in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen, liver, and placentas was enumerated at various time points post‐infection. Serum cytokine expression was measured through cytometric bead array.ResultsOral infection of WT mice with S.Tm on days 9–10 of gestation resulted in systemic dissemination of the bacteria, substantial placental colonization, and fetal loss 5 days post‐infection. Histopathological examination of the placentas indicated that infection‐induced widespread focal necrosis and neutrophil infiltration throughout the spongiotrophoblast (SpT) layer. In the non‐pregnant state, IFNAR1−/− mice exhibited increased survival following oral S.Tm infection relative to Caspase‐1, 11−/−, RIP3−/−, and WT mice. The increased resistance to S.Tm infection in IFNAR1−/− mice was seen during pregnancy as well, with decreased bacterial burden within MLNs, spleen, and placenta, which correlated with the decreased resorptions relative to WT and Caspase‐1, 11−/− mice.ConclusionOral S.Tm exposure leads to placental infection, inflammation, and resorption, whereas IFNAR1 deficiency enhances host resistance both in the non‐pregnant and pregnant states.
Detection of oedema on optical coherence tomography images using deep learning model trained on noisy clinical data
Authors: Potapenko Ivan , Kristensen Mads , Thiesson Bo , Ilginis Tomas , Lykke Sørensen Torben , Nouri Hajari Javad , Fuchs Josefine , Hamann Steffen , la Cour Morten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo meet the demands imposed by the continuing growth of the Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) patient population, automation of follow‐ups by detecting retinal oedema using deep learning might be a viable approach. However, preparing and labelling data for training is time consuming. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of training a convolutional neural network (CNN) to accurately detect retinal oedema on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of AMD patients with labels derived directly from clinical treatment decisions, without extensive preprocessing or relabelling.MethodsA total of 50 439 OCT images with associated treatment information were retrieved from databases at the Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark between 01.06.2007 and 01.06.2018. A CNN was trained on the retrieved data with the recorded treatment decisions as labels and validated on a subset of the data relabelled by three ophthalmologists to denote presence of oedema.ResultsModerate inter‐grader agreement on presence of oedema in the relabelled data was found (76.4%). Despite different training and validation labels, the CNN performed on par with inter‐grader agreement in detecting oedema on OCT images (AUC 0.97, accuracy 90.9%) and previously published models based on relabelled datasets.ConclusionThe level of performance shown by the current model might make it valuable in detecting disease activity in automated AMD patient follow‐up systems. Our approach demonstrates that high accuracy is not necessarily constrained by incongruent training and validation labels. These results might encourage the use of existing clinical databases for development of deep learning based algorithms without labour‐intensive preprocessing in the future.
Real‐life study on the pharmacokinetic of remdesivir in ICU patients admitted for severe COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Corcione Silvia , De Nicolò Amedeo , Montrucchio Giorgia , Scabini Silvia , Avataneo Valeria , Bonetto Chiara , Mornese Pinna Simone , Cusato Jessica , Canta Francesca , Urbino Rosario , Di Perri Giovanni , Brazzi Luca , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , D'Avolio Antonio 
Published: May 2021

Remdesivir is one of the most encouraging treatments against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. After intravenous infusion, RDV is rapidly metabolized (t1/2 = 1 h) within the cells to its active adenosine triphosphate analogue form (GS‐443902) and then it can be found in plasma in its nucleoside analogue form (GS‐441524). In this real‐life study, we describe the remdesivir and GS‐441524 concentrations at three time points in nine ICU patients, through a validated ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method. The observed data confirmed the very rapid conversion of RDV to its metabolite and the quite long half‐life of GS‐441524. The mean Cmin, Cmax and AUC0–24, were < 0.24 ng/mL and 122.3 ng/mL, 2637.3 ng/mL and 157.8 ng/mL, and 5171.2 ng*h/mL and 3676.5 ng*h/ml, respectively, for RDV and GS‐441524. Three out of nine patients achieved a Cmax > 2610 ng/mL and 140 ng/mL and AUC0–24 > 1560 ng*h/mL and 2230 ng*h/mL for RDV and GS‐441524, respectively. The mean t1/2 value for GS‐441524 was 26.3 h. Despite the low number of patients, these data can represent an interesting preliminary report on the variability of RDV and GS‐441524 concentrations in a real‐life ICU setting.
Direct comparison of risankizumab and fumaric acid esters in systemic therapy–naïve patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thaçi D. , Eyerich K. , Pinter A. , Sebastian M. , Unnebrink K. , Rubant S. , Williams D. A. , Weisenseel P. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Background
Fumaric acid esters (FAEs; Fumaderm®) are the most frequently prescribed first-line systemic treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Germany. Risankizumab (Skyrizi®) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the p19 subunit of interleukin 23.
Objectives
To compare risankizumab treatment to FAEs in patients with psoriasis.
Methods
This phase III randomized, active-controlled, open-label study with blinded assessment of efficacy was conducted in Germany. Patients were randomized (1 : 1) to subcutaneous risankizumab 150 mg (weeks 0, 4 and 16) or oral FAEs at increasing doses from 30 mg daily (week 0) up to 720 mg daily (weeks 8–24). Enrolled patients were adults naïve to and candidates for systemic therapy, with chronic moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Phototherapy was not allowed within 14 days before or during the study.
Results
Key efficacy endpoints were met at week 24 for risankizumab (n = 60) vs. FAEs (n = 60) (P &lt; 0·001): achievement of a ≥ 90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI; primary endpoint 83·3% vs. 10·0%), ≥ 100% improvement in PASI (50·0% vs. 5·0%), ≥ 75% improvement in PASI (98·3% vs. 33·3%), ≥ 50% improvement in PASI (100% vs. 53·3%) and a Static Physician’s Global Assessment of clear/almost clear (93·3% vs. 38·3%). The rates of gastrointestinal disorders, flushing, lymphopenia and headache were higher in the FAE group. One patient receiving risankizumab reported a serious infection (influenza, which required hospitalization). There were no malignancies, tuberculosis or opportunistic infections in either treatment arm.
Conclusions
Risankizumab was found to be superior to FAEs, providing earlier and greater improvement in psoriasis outcomes that persisted with continued treatment, and more favourable safety results, which is consistent with the known safety profile. No new safety signals for risankizumab or FAEs were observed.
Well‐being warriors: A randomized controlled trial examining the effects of martial arts training on secondary students’ resilience
Authors: Moore Brian , Woodcock Stuart , Dudley Dean 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundMental health problems are a growing and significant issue in the Australian education system. Research has suggested that resilience can be learned and that schools can play an important role in developing resilient skills among youth; however, rigorous evaluation of interventions promoting resilience is limited.AimsAs martial arts training has been found to have psychological benefits such as increased confidence and self‐esteem, this study investigated whether a 10‐week martial arts training programme was an efficacious sports‐based mental health intervention that promoted resilience in secondary school students.SampleTwo hundred and eighty‐three secondary school students (age range 12–14 years) participated in the study.MethodsThe study examined the effects of martial arts training on participants’ resilience by delivering a 10‐week martial arts‐based intervention in secondary school settings. The intervention was evaluated using quantitative methodology and an experimental research design using a randomized controlled trial which measured participant responses at baseline, post‐intervention, and follow‐up.ResultsThe study found that the martial arts‐based intervention had a significantly positive effect on developing students’ resilience. This was especially apparent when the intervention and control group’s mean resilience outcomes were compared. Resilience outcomes appeared to be stronger immediately following the intervention compared with 12‐week follow‐up.ConclusionsGiven the prevalence of mental illness among Australian youth, the current study provides robust evidence that students’ resilience can be improved using martial arts‐based interventions delivered in school settings.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12618001405202. Registered 21 August 2018.