bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source characteristics of the 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake from regional broadband modeling
Authors: Song Xi J. , Jones Laura E. , Helmberger Donald V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBroadband regional records are modeled to determine source mechanism, seismic moment, fault dimension, and rupture directivity for the 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake. Modeling is done using both theoretical Green's functions (tGf) and empirical Green's functions (eGf). From the theoretical modeling, we obtain a source mechanism with strike 128°, dip 33°, and rake 106° for the mainshock, using a source estimation algorithm by Zhao and Helmberger (1994). While the fault orientation seems resolvable from regional data, the moment estimation is less reliable due to inadequate synthetic waveform fits to the observed surface waves. This appears to be caused by the combination of propagational effects and fault complexities. Further investigation of the source characteristics is carried out with a new method of using eGf's. As an eGf, we select the 17 January 1994 17:56 GMT aftershock, which occurred near the onset of the mainshock and had a similar source mechanism. The source duration of the mainshock, as seen from the regional surface waves observed at various stations, is obtained by searching for the trapezodial far-field source-time function for each station that, when convolved with the aftershock data, best simulates the mainshock data. Stations to the north record shorter source durations than stations to the south. Modeling these with theoretical predictions of rupture on a square fault, we constrain the effective fault dimension to be 14 km with rupture along the direction of the average rake vector. A moment of (1.4 ± 0.9) × 1026 dyne-cm with a stress drop of ∼120 bars is obtained for the mainshock from our eGf study.
MicroearthquakeS-wave observations from 0 to 1 km in the Varian well at Parkfield, California
Authors: Jongmans Denis , Malin Peter E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh-gain three-component seismometers from 0- to 1-km deep along the Varian A-1 well at Parkfield, California, were used to record the waveforms of nearby microearthquakes. Despite being in the thick Tertiary sediments of the Parkfield Syncline, the S-wave amplification at this site is only about a factor of 3. The spectral content and spectral ratios of S waves along the well show that the average Qs in the top 1 km at this site is 37, with the Qs in different subintervals varying between 8 and 65. Based on initial S-wave polarizations, a complex S-wave velocity structure must exist at and below the Varian site. This structure appears to include position-dependent anisotropy as well as steep lateral velocity gradients. At a depth of 1 km, S-wave splitting parallel and normal to the San Andreas fault zone is consistently observed. This splitting scales at roughly 0.01 sec/km. Subsequent to the split S waves, the particle motion seems to be controlled by event focal mechanism. Above 1 km, the upgoing S waves attenuate and change directions of polarization, with a new splitting rate of 0.1 sec/km. Uniquely, for some events on the San Andreas fault immediately below the Varian site, large, post-S-wave signals with normal dispersion are present. We propose that these phases are fault-zone guided waves channeled from the San Andreas fault to the Varian site along the Gold Hill fault.
The instrument responses of the SKM-3 system and the Designated Seismic Station Vault Seismic System
Authors: Nguyen Bao V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present the system transfer functions and responses due to inputs of impulses in ground displacement, velocity, acceleration, and acceleration integral of the two systems: the SKM-3 system of the former Soviet ESSN (Unified Seismic Observation System) and the Designated Seismic Station (DSS) Vault Seismic System (VSS) used by the United States for monitoring the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT) protocol at the in-country DSS sites of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
We show that the amplitude of the transfer function formulas for the electromagnetic seismograph used by the former Soviet Union seismologists can be analytically traced back to the original Hagiwara's equation. This thereby allows us to restore the phase to the CIS's version. Some examples of instrument deconvolution/convolution are given using various system transfer functions of the SKM-3 and DSSVSS.
Підходи до формування ризик-орієнтованої технології роботи станції Харків-Сортувальний в умовах обробки вагонів з небезпечними вантажами
Authors: БУТЬКО Т.В. , КОСТЮК О.А. 
Published: September 2021

У задачах планування оперативної роботи сортувальної станції (СС), в умовах проведення технологічних операцій, що містять вагони з небезпечними вантажами (НВ), потрібно вирішувати питання з удосконалення роботи СС, які забезпечать як скорочення експлуатаційних витрат, так і зменшення можливих ризиків. Результатом вирішення таких управлінських задач може стати формалізація роботи СС з метою подальшої автоматизації процесу прийняття рішень на основі інтелектуального управління. Для вирішення такого типу завдань було проаналізовано технологію роботи станції Харків–Сортувальний (Х-С), проведено статистичні дослідження щодо кількості вагонів з НВ та часу їх перебування на станції і сформовано підходи до розроблення моделі оцінювання ризику оперативного планування.
Identification of Best Parents based on per se Performance and gca Effects for Yield and Water use Efficiency Related Traits in Mungbean
Authors: Reddy B. Rupesh Kumar , Reddy K. Hariprasad , Reddy D. Mohan , Sudhakar P. , Reddy B. Ravindra 
Published: September 2021

Background: Among the constraints for low yield of mungbean, drought stress and heat stress are prominent. Water deficits and high temperature occur together in many environments and both stresses can interact to reduce yields. Thus, combination of water use efficiency and high temperature tolerance traits are relevant rather than a single trait used as selection criteria for screening appropriate plant ideotype. The present study is contemplated to identify superior parents for yield, yield attributes, water use efficiency and thermo tolerance related traits through combining ability analysis. Methods: Twenty one F1 crosses were generated by crossing seven diverse mungbean genotypes viz., ML 267, LGG 528, MGG 390, WGG 42, AKM 9904, LM 95 and EC 362096 in a 7 x 7 diallel fashion without reciprocals. Further, 21 F1 crosses along with seven parents were evaluated to study the the mean performance of the seven parents and their 21 F1 crosses and combining ability of the parents and crosses and gene action for yield, yield components and water use efficiency related traits. Result: The present investigations confirmed that some of the parents with significant positive gca effects for seed yield per plant and showed significant positive gca effects for one or more yield, WUE and heat stress tolerance contributing traits. Combination of mean performance and gca effects would result in the selection of potential parents with good reservoir of superior genes. The parents which exhibited high per se performance also displayed good general combining ability effects. Hence, per se performance may be used effectively for the selection of parents. In the present study, MGG 390, ML 267 and EC 362096 were adjudged as the best parents based on both mean and gca effects.
As imagens e o silêncio sobre os indígenas a partir dos jornais Blumenauer Zeitung e Der Urwalsbote no contexto do Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (1916-1922)
Authors: Vieira Thiago Kistenmacher 
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a imagem dos povos indígenas a partir dos jornais blumenauenses Der Urwaldsbote e Blumenauer Zeitung no contexto de criação do Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (SPI), em seus primeiros anos de atuação: 1916 a 1922. Criado em 1918, o SPI foi uma instituição organizada pelo governo federal com o intuito de prestar auxílio aos povos indígenas e integrá-los à sociedade brasileira. Nosso método de pesquisa tratou de coletar notícias transcritas dos jornais supracitados e, posteriormente, discutir as imagens ali encontradas acerca dos povos nativos. A opção da imprensa como fonte se deu em virtude de ela poder ser considerada uma ferramenta pela qual as sociedades fabricam e transmitem suas escolhas morais, reflexões e representam concepções de sua época. Neste contexto, procuramos entender qual a imagem que aquelas mídias impressas ataram às populações nativas e como ela era discutida.
Integrated Fracture Characterization of Thamama Reservoirs in Abu Dhabi Oil Field, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ali Mohammed Y. , Bouchaala Fateh , Bouzidi Youcef , Takam Takougang Eric M. , Mohamed Aala A. I. , Sultan Akmal 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Volumetric maximum curvature attribute computed from 3D ocean bottom cable (OBC) seismic data, production logging tool (PLT), inorganic chemical tracer data, and fractures observed from core and full-bore formation microimager (FMI) logs were integrated to characterize fractured carbonate reservoirs of an offshore oil field in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The extracted maximum curvature anomalies are predominantly orientated in NNE-SSW and NE-SW, a trend perpendicular to the dominant fault direction in the oil field and similar to the dominant strike directions of fractures measured from core data and FMI logs. Because the fracture strike directions of well data mimic the strike directions of curvature anomalies at corresponding reservoir levels, we interpreted the maximum curvature anomalies to represent dilatational fractured zones or fracture corridors. Integration of dynamic data, such as PLT and chemical tracers, and maximum curvature anomalies demonstrate that the inferred fracture zones can determine water breakthroughs as well as inter- and intrareservoir communications. As a result, this study highlights possible fracture zones and their internal architecture, as well as their potential flow capabilities. These results play a key role in reservoir management and monitoring of water movement through structural pathways.
Burnout syndrome among medical students in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bolatov Aidos K. , Seisembekov Telman Z. , Askarova Altynay Zh. , Igenbayeva Bahyt B. , Smailova Dariga S. , Hosseini Hengameh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims at investigating burnout and associated factors in a sample of medical students from Astana Medical University, using the Russian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory - Student Survey (R-CBI-S). 771 medical students responded. The study included socio-demographic and personal questions and a tool to measure burnout. Statistical analyses included measures of descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis for evaluating burnout. Overall, 28% of medical students reported burnout; R-CBI-S mean score was 40. There is no significant gender difference in burnout. On regression analysis, to be a 2nd-year student, compare to dormitory students live at home or rented a house, having suicidal ideation, having thoughts of dropping out, having interpersonal relationship problems with family or friends, smoking, using alcohol were independently associated with increased risk for burnout. Enrolling in a medical university by its own decision and having satisfaction with academic performance is associated with a decrease of developing burnout syndrome. In conclusion, factors associated with burnout were identified.
Modulation of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Attenuates Microvascular Hyperpermeability in Ovine Model of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Sepsis
Authors: Fukuda Satoshi , Niimi Yosuke , Hirasawa Yasutaka , Manyeza Ennert , Garner C. , Southan Garry , Salzman Andrew , Prough Donald , Enkhbaatar Perenlei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In sepsis, microvascular hyperpermeability caused by oxidative/nitrosative stress (O&NS) plays an important role in tissue edema leading to multi-organ dysfunctions and increased mortality. We hypothesized that a novel compound R-107, a modulator of O&NS, effectively ameliorates the severity of microvascular hyperpermeability and preserves multi-organ function in ovine sepsis model. Sepsis was induced in twenty-two adult female Merino sheep by intravenous infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) (1x1010 CFUs). The animals were allocated into: 1) Control (n = 13): intramuscular injection (IM) of saline; and 2) Treatment (n = 9): IM of 50 mg/kg R-107. The treatment was given after the PA injection, and monitored for 24-hour. R-107 treatment significantly reduced fluid requirement (15–24 hours, p < 0.05), net fluid balance (9–24 hours, p < 0.05), and water content in lung/heart/kidney (p = 0.02/0.04/0.01) compared to control. R-107 treatment significantly decreased lung injury score/modified sheep SOFA score at 24-hour (p = 0.01/0.04), significantly lowered arterial lactate (21–24 hours, p < 0.05), shed syndecan-1 (3–6 hours, p < 0.05), interleukin-6 (6–12 hours, p < 0.05) levels in plasma, and significantly attenuated lung tissue 3-nitrotyrosine and vascular endothelial growth factor-A expressions (p = 0.03/0.002) compared to control. There was no adverse effect in R-107 treatment. In conclusion, modulation of O&NS by R-107 reduced hyperpermeability markers and improved multi-organ function.
Feasibility and Effect of Adding a Concurrent Parental Component to a School-Base Wellness Program Using Two Modes of Mobile-Based Technology – Mixed Methods Evaluation of RCT
Authors: Golan Moria , Benifla Shakked , Samo Aviv , Alon Noa , Mozeikov Maya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: This study assessed the feasibility and effect of two mobile modes (WhatsApp vs. a specially designed app) in their delivery of updates and assignments to parents.Methods: Two three-armed, randomized, controlled feasibility studies were conducted. Participants were randomly allocated to the control arm, youth-only arm, or youth & parental component arm. In the parental component, parents received updates and were requested to complete shared assignments with their children. In the first year, the assignments were sent through WhatsApp and in the following year via the specially designed smartphone application. Students and parents filled out questionnaires at three measure points: pre and post intervention and at three months follow-up. Mixed-methods assessments were performed using semi-structured interviews with parents and school staff members, as well as a computerized self-report questionnaire.Results: The addition of the concurrent parental component via WhatsApp was associated with superior improvement in self-esteem and identification of advertisement strategies, compared with the youth-only program. However, adolescents in the youth-only program delivered via the specially designed application demonstrated superior improvement compared to those in the youth & parental component arm.Conclusions: Although the addition of the concurrent parenting component was praised by the actively participating parents, overall, this intervention was not statistically superior to the youth-only arm. Only a few variables demonstrated statistically significant improvement, usually with a small effect size. The use of WhatsApp had higher feasibility and uptake than the use of the specially designed application. Under the chosen structure and population, it seems that the program did not have the intended impact. Parents who expressed specific resistance may have negatively affected their children, causing them to be less engaged. A cost-benefit analysis of programs with parental components as well as the development of strategies to enhance parent-school partnership are warranted.Trial registrations: NCT04129892 (1.11.2017) and NCT03540277 (26.4.2018)
Low Skeletal Muscle Index And Myosteatosis As Predictors of Mortality In Critically Ill Surgical Patients
Authors: Giani Marco , Rezoagli Emanuele , Grassi Alice , Porta Marco , Riva Luca , Famularo Simone , Barbaro Alessandro , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Ippolito Davide , Bellani Giacomo , Braga Marco , Foti Giuseppe , Gianotti Luca , Giani Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLow muscle mass and other specific body composition indexes, assessed by computed tomography (CT), are associated with adverse outcomes after elective surgery, such as an increased risk of postoperative complications and higher mortality. However, limited information is available about the role of these indexes on short- and long-term outcomes in surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of the study was to assess the association of body composition indexes with 90-days mortality in this specific patient cohort.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study including adult surgical patients admitted to the ICU between 2014 and 2018 who underwent a CT scan at the time of admission. Total Muscle Area (TMA), Total Fat Area (TFA), Visceral fat area (VFA) and Intramuscular fat area (IMFA) were measured. Skeletal Muscle Index (TMA/m2), MyoSteatosis (IMFA/TMA), Sarcopenic Obesity (VFA/TMA) were then calculated. We analyzed the impact of these indexes on mortality.Results204 patients were included. Overall 90-day mortality was 28%. Log rank test and cox multivariate analysis on 90-day mortality showed a significant association of low SMI and myosteatosis with 90-days mortality. Myosteatosis was also significantly associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and increased ICU length of stay.ConclusionsSpecific body composition indexes may predict mortality in surgical patients admitted to the ICU. Low skeletal muscle index and myosteatosis were independently associated with increased 90-day mortality.
Impact of Establishing A Level-1 Trauma Center For Lower Extremity Trauma: A 4-Year Experience
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Yang Kyung Min , Hahn Hyung Min , Lim Hyoseob , Lee Il Jae 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A multidisciplinary approach is essential for trauma patients’ treatment, particularly for cases with open lower extremity fractures, which are considered major traumas requiring a comprehensive approach. Recently, the social demand for severe-trauma centers has increased. This study analyzed the clinical impact of establishing a trauma center for the treatment of open lower extremity fractures.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for trauma patients admitted to our hospital. Patients were classified into two groups: before (January 2014–December 2015, 178 patients) and after establishment of a Level-1 trauma center (January 2017–December 2018, 125 patients). We included patients with open fracture below the knee level and Gustilo type II/III, but excluded those with life-threatening trauma that affected the treatment choice.Results: Total 273 patient were included in this study, initial infection was significantly more common and external fixator application significantly less in post-center establishment group. The time to emergency operation decreased significantly from 13.89 ± 17.48 to 11.65 ± 19.33 hours post-center setup. By multivariate analysis, the decreased primary amputation and increased limb salvage was attributed to establishment of the trauma center. Conclusion: With the establishment of the Level-1 trauma center, limbs of patients with open lower extremity fractures could be salvaged, and the need for primary amputation was decreased. Early control of initial open wound infection and minimizing external fixator use allowed early soft tissue reconstruction. The existence of the center ensured a shorter interval to emergency operation and facilitated interdepartmental cooperation, which promoted active limb salvage and contributed to patients’ quality of life.
The Correlation Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Orthostatic Intolerance in Children
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhang Xiaohua , Wu Jinzhi , Min Li , Dong Xiangyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background: To investigate the correlation between orthostatic intolerance (OI) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in children.Methods: This study reviewed 151 children who were first admitted to the Lanzhou University Second Hospital (LZUSH) between January 2019 and August 2020 and were eventually diagnosed with OI. There were 142 children with OI, including 93 children with vasovagal syncope (VVS), 45 children with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and 4 children with orthostatic hypotension (OHT). Eighty-seven children who visited the Child Health Management Center of LZUSH in the same period were selected as healthy control. All children were examined for 25 hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone at the first visit.Results: 1. Compared with healthy children, serum 25(OH)D level was significantly decreased in OI children (P<0.001), but there was no difference in PTH level (P= 0.161). 2. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the level of 25(OH)D was the only factor causing OI. Every unit of 25(OH)D increased, the probability of OI decreased by 74.7%（95%CI: 0.177-0.328）. 3. The sensitivity and specificity of 25(OH)D for the diagnosis of OI were 93.7% and 64.4%, respectively, with the threshold value of 19.5ng/L. Conclusion: The 25(OH)D level of the patients with OI was significantly decreased. Taking serum 25(OH)D concentration of 19.5ng/ml as the critical value may be useful for the diagnosis of OI.
Structure, Defects and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Al-Doped and Al/Nd Co-doped Ba4Nd9.33Ti18O54 Ceramics
Authors: Guo Weijia , Ma Zhiyu , Luo Yu , Chen Yugu , Yue Zhenxing , Li Longtu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Low-loss tungsten-bronze microwave dielectric ceramics are a kind of dielectric materials with potential application value for miniaturized dielectric filters and antennas in 5G communication technology. In this work, a novel Al/Nd co-doping method of Ba4Nd9.33Ti18O54 (BNT) ceramics with a chamical formula of Ba4Nd9.33+z/3Ti18-zAlzO54 (BNT-AN, 0 ≤ z ≤ 2) was proposed to improve the dielectric properties through structural and defect modulation. Together with Al-doped ceramics (Ba4Nd9.33Ti18-zAl4z/3O54, BNT-A, 0 ≤ z ≤ 2) for comparison, the ceramics were prepared by solid state method. It is found that Al/Nd co-doping method has a significant effect on improving the dielectric properties compared with Al doping. As the doping amount z increased, the relative dielectric constant (εr) and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of the ceramics decreased, and the Q×f values of the ceramics obviously increased when z ≤ 1.5. Excellent microwave dielectric properties of εr = 72.2, Q×f = 16480 GHz, and τf = +14.3 ppm/℃ were achieved in BNT-AN ceramics with z = 1.25. Raman spectroscopy and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) technique were firstly combined to analyze the structure and defects in the dielectric ceramics. It is shown that the improvement on Q×f values were origined from the decrease in the strength of the A-site cation vibration and the concentration of oxygen vacancies (Vö), demonstrating the effect and mechanism underlying for structural and defect modulation on the performance improvement of microwave dielectric ceramics.