bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability of Parkinson's Disease in 204 Countries/Territories From 1990 to 2019
Authors: Ou Zejin , Pan Jing , Tang Shihao , Duan Danping , Yu Danfeng , Nong Huiqi , Wang Zhi 
Published: December 2021

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasing challenge to public health. Tracking the temporal trends of PD burden would inform health strategies.Methods: Data of PD burden was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of PD were estimated using the annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. The EAPCs were calculated with ASR through a linear regression model.Results: The overall ASR of the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of PD increased from 1990 to 2019, and their EAPCs were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.65), 0.52 (95% CI: 0.43–0.61), and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44–0.62). The largest number of PD patients was seen in the groups aged more than 65 years, and the percentage rapidly increased in the population aged more than 80 years. Upward trends in the ASR of PD were observed in most settings over the past 30 years. Incident trends of ASR increased pronouncedly in the United States of America and Norway, in which the respective EAPCs were 2.87 (95% CI: 2.35–3.38) and 2.14 (95% CI: 2.00–2.29). Additionally, the largest increasing trends for prevalence and YLDs were seen in Norway, with the respective EAPCs of 2.63 (95% CI: 2.43–2.83) and 2.61 (95% CI: 2.41–2.80). However, decreasing trends in PD appeared in about 30 countries, particularly Italy and the Republic of Moldova.Conclusions: Increasing trends in the burden of PD were observed globally, and in most regions and countries from 1990 to 2019. Our findings suggested that the control and management of PD should be strengthened, especially when considering the aging tendency of the population.
Neuroimaging Study Investigating the Supraspinal Control of Lower Urinary Tract Function in Man With Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder
Authors: Wu Wanhua , Su Yun , Huang Hao , Chen Meiwei , Fan Fan , Zhu Dingjun , Li Kaiwen , Guo Zhenghui , Liang Zhiying , Huang Hai 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Recent studies employing functional imaging methodology have revealed reference brain regions of urinary tract function, namely, the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter, thalamus, and cingulate and prefrontal cortices. The orthotopic ileal neobladder is a desirable method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy, but its supraspinal control remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate brain activity while maintaining urinary urgency and voluntary urinary control in male subjects with ileal orthotopic neobladders by performing functional MRI (fMRI) during a block design experiment.Materials and Methods: Patients were recruited at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of the Sun Yat-sen University from October 2017 to May 2019. Two tasks were performed during fMRI scanning: (1) repeated infusion and withdrawal of sterile saline solution into and out of the neobladder to simulate urgency; and (2) repeated contraction of the pelvic floor muscle with a full neobladder to induce inhibition of micturition since the subjects were asked not to urinate. The obtained data were visualized and statistically analyzed.Results: Sixteen subjects were recruited in the study, and data were obtained from 10 subjects: mean age 60.1 years, average postoperative time 20.2 months, and daytime continence rate 100%. The parahippocampus, frontal lobe, vermis, and anterior cingulate cortex were activated with large bladder volumes, and the thalamus and caudate nucleus were deactivated during voluntary urinary control.Conclusion: A complex supraspinal program is involved during ileal orthotopic neobladder control, which is significantly different from that with normal bladders, in which the original intestine visceral volume sensation is preserved.
A Comparison of Single- and Multiparametric MRI Models for Differentiation of Recurrent Glioblastoma from Treatment-Related Change
Authors: Eisenhut Felix , Engelhorn Tobias , Arinrad Soheil , Brandner Sebastian , Coras Roland , Putz Florian , Fietkau Rainer , Doerfler Arnd , Schmidt Manuel A. 
Published: December 2021

To evaluate single- and multiparametric MRI models to differentiate recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) and treatment-related changes (TRC) in clinical routine imaging. Selective and unselective apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and minimum, mean, and maximum cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements in the lesion were performed. Minimum, mean, and maximum ratiosCBV (CBVlesion to CBVhealthy white matter) were computed. All data were tested for lesion discrimination. A multiparametric model was compiled via multiple logistic regression using data demonstrating significant difference between GBM and TRC and tested for its diagnostic strength in an independent patient cohort. A total of 34 patients (17 patients with recurrent GBM and 17 patients with TRC) were included. ADC measurements showed no significant difference between both entities. All CBV and ratiosCBV measurements were significantly higher in patients with recurrent GBM than TRC. A minimum CBV of 8.5, mean CBV of 116.5, maximum CBV of 327 and ratioCBV minimum of 0.17, ratioCBV mean of 2.26 and ratioCBV maximum of 3.82 were computed as optimal cut-off values. By integrating these parameters in a multiparametric model and testing it in an independent patient cohort, 9 of 10 patients, i.e., 90%, were classified correctly. The multiparametric model further improves radiological discrimination of GBM from TRC in comparison to single-parameter approaches and enables reliable identification of recurrent tumors.
Sciences humaines de la santé et santé publique. Aperçu critique de recherches récentes
Authors: Branciard Anne , Mossé Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Les sciences humaines de la santé sont aujourd'hui soumises à des forces centrifuges qui les éloignent de leurs bases disciplinaires. Cette évolution, dont l'article évoque les causes et les caractéristiques, se traduit par une domination de la perspective rationalisatrice et par une dérive vers l'épidémiologie.
Une analyse critique des recherches sur l'hôpital montre que, dans ce domaine s'opère une bipolarisation : recherches à visée gestionnaire / recherches sur des populations cibles. La santé publique exerce ainsi une attraction qui tend à réduire le domaine de validité des sciences humaines de la santé. Peu à peu, ces sciences ne sont plus mobilisées que dans la limite de leur faculté à répondre à la demande d'évaluation.
Les zéros du management
Authors: Bautier Roger , Nicolas Yves 
Published: December 2021

The failures of management.
The eighties have been marked by a great increase in the number of publications about management. This literature is studied here from three points of view : the pseudo-newness of the theories ; the rhetoric used in an attempt to assure their success ; the relations they have tended to create between the social scientists and the advocates of management.
D'une gestion substantive de l'information à une organisation procédurale de l'attention
Authors: Amabile Serge 
Published: December 2021

Les moyens de perception et de traitement de l'information de l'organisation deviennent une ressource et un capital à mobiliser, à exploiter : son adaptation dépend de sa capacité à être attentive et à construire un sens aux sollicitations qu'elle perçoit. Pour ce projet, l'entreprise ne peut faire l'économie de la considération, de la mobilisation et de l'organisation des capacités de traitement de l'information de l'ensemble de ses acteurs. L'attention de l'organisation s'exprime par l'activité de son radar, mais un radar multicoupoles articulant de multiples dimensions : perception et organisation de signaux faibles (sélection et traitement), contextualisation de l'information, construction de passerelles sémantiques, procédures de reconnaissance.
Les expertises, en général monodimensionnelles, des acteurs et leur capacité à internaliser les projets qu'ils mettent en œuvre dans leurs actes de gestion peuvent-elles s'articuler dans l'explicitation des projets de l'organisation ? La recherche permanente et tâtonnante de réponses constitue sans doute le processus même de l'attention organisationnelle. En termes d'organisation, on est conduit à reconsidérer le paradigme de l'organisation sédentaire contrôlante au profit d'un paradigme de l'organisation nomade vigilante.
Communication, territoire et identité : un ancien regard sur de nouvelles technologies ?
Authors: Laramée Alain 
Published: December 2021

Communication, territory and identity : looking at new technologies in the old way ?
In Canada, the research on new information and communication technologies is characterized by the prevalence of instrumental and functional approaches rather than socio-critical ones. In fact, the socio-spatial problems have been highly neglected. Fruitful interdisciplinary research is however feasible, based on the key concepts of Identity, Communication and Territory. This type of research should bring to light the excessive significance of the universalist notions built around these new technologies, favorable to the great economic actors but detrimental to individuals and groups who wish to defend the specificities of their socio-spatial identities.
Un conflit de représentations. Le cas de la frontière Oder-Neisse
Authors: Bafoil François 
Published: December 2021

A conflict of representations. The case of the Oder-Neisse border
The Oder-Neisse border plays a prominent part in the restructuring process of Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. The participants in this process work with cognitive frameworks and expectations coloured by violent historical experiments, fears and mutual hatreds. The purpose of this article is to render an account of these political border exchanges with regard to these cognitive frameworks relating to the border, and to describe the positions taken by the administrative actors. These cognitive frameworks explain the strategies of the different local and central actors and define the conflictual stakes in their border attitudes.
Régions frontalières, télévision et communication électronique
Authors: Boure Robert 
Published: December 2021

Border regions, television and electronic communication
Having recalled the reader's attention to several significant elements in the scientific literature which deals with the frontier (and the boundary) and the rapport between the frontier and the regional territory, this article evaluates the quality of French frontier practices principally in the realms of electronic communication, television and the new technologies of information and communication. It concludes that there is a quasi absence of any real public policy, of any vigorous contractual actions and of any models, and thus that no "social uses" have ever been set up. However, it shows the existence of formulas for co-operation, allying the formal and the informal, capable of leading, finally and in another context, to the form of more ambitious structural apparatuses.
Pour une histoire économique des sciences et techniques (1) Origines et conséquences de la première Révolution industrielle
Authors: Szmrecsányi Tamás 
Published: December 2021

Para una historia económica de las ciencias y de las técnicas. (1) Origenes y consecuencias de la primera Revolución industrial
Este primer estudio trata de mostrar la importancia de la primera Revolución industrial para el nacimiento de las ciencias y de la tecnologia. El enfoque es abiertamente externalista y privilégia la historia económica. En la intensidad y la continuidad del progreso técnico y del desarrollo económico de la primera Revolución industrial se origina el gran auge, a principios del siglo XIX, del progreso cientifico y del desarrollo tecnológico. A partir de esta época, y aunque no inicialmente relacionado en las ciencias y su progreso, el desarrollo tecnológico se puede considerar como "auto-sostenido" (self-sustained ).
Pouvoirs et organisations locales. Vers un nouveau paradigme politique
Authors: Biarez Sylvie 
Published: December 2021

Powers and local organizations, Towards a new political paradigm.
The way in which social sciences develop is linked with the forms taken by research within local organizations. In the Seventies, local systems were studied within the field of political sociology. Domination and relationship were the main components of power. According to this point of view, local power was only a functional power or a power without a real existence. The Eighties were the years of the triumph of economics and the period of the pre-eminence of the actor. The management approach prevailed and local power was considered as a relation-based process following the development of multiform organizations. More recently given the absence of new political theories, uncertainty has characterized the nature of powers within local systems.
Pouvoir et/ou taille de la firme. Quelle dimension pertinente pour analyser les relations inter-entreprises ?
Authors: Bouvier-Patron Paul 
Published: December 2021

Poder y/o tamaño de la empresa ¿ Qué dimensión pertinente permite analizar las relaciones interempresariales ?
La importancia del concepto de poder en las relaciones interempresariales, aun cuando falten los nexos financieros (unilaterales, bilaterales, multilaterales), el deseo de integración vertical o de fusión entre las empresas concernidas. Parece, en efecto, que las estructuraciones interempresariales fundamentadas en actividades complementarias hoy se desarrollan y se estabilizan sin necessidad de nexos financieros o de integración vertical, sino solo por el poder de negociación que permite equilibrar las relaciones.
Pouvoir interactif des intervenants en management stratégique
Authors: Plane Jean-Michel 
Published: December 2021

The interactive power of consultants in strategic management.
This paper is meant to explain the consultant-actors organisational effects caused by the development of interactions as regards experiment and researd in management. Our propose is to show the existence of an interactive power specific to the consultant-researcher in management which is a source of transformation, human development and creation of knowledge. This strategy of intervention is characterized by the organization of a destabilisation-stabilisation dialectics of the actors generating human energy, transformations and deep changes.
Communication d'entreprise et pouvoir managérial
Authors: Floris Bernard 
Published: December 2021

Comunicacion empresarial y poder del management
Segun el enfoque de las ciencias de la comunicación, analisis de las transformaciones del poder simbólico en las empresas. El management participativo permitió la organización de una función de comunicación que da pie para el desarrollo de una ingenieria simbólica. Esta consiste en un conjunto de tecnologias intelectuales que tienden a reproducir la ideologia del management y a facilitar la integración simbólica de los asalariados en los objetivos del management.
La relation sujet-objet dans la théorie de la connaissance. L 'économiste et l 'organisation
Authors: Mignot Jean-Pierre , Poncet Christian 
Published: December 2021

The Subject-Object Relation in the Theory of Knowledge. The Economist Faced to the Organizations
Starting from an example - the economic approach of organizations - and using a critical method this article shows that economics refuses to deal with a certain number of essential questions, and particularly the two questions of the object (the technique, the market) and of time. Now these two pose permanent questions for the theory of knowledge in economics. On the other hand, by positing the primacy of the subject, one completely reverses the method, thus opening the road to a theory of intersubjectivity which favours knowledge, to the detriment of implementation.
Économie des réseaux et structuration de l 'espace. Pour une économie politique de la culture et de la communication
Authors: Herscovici Alain 
Published: December 2021

Economia de las redes y estruturación del espacio. Para una economia politica de la cultura y de la comunicación
Este articulo tiene por objeto, a partir de un enfoque económico, entender los principales cambios que intervinieron en el campo de la cultura y de la comunicación. Se trata, por una parte, de estudiar la naturaleza y la dinamica de los nuevos sistemas de redes y, por otra parte, de analizar las implicaciones sociales y culturales que de ellos resultan, especialmente concerniente a nueva definición de la discriminación publico/privado y a la estructuración del espacio.
Les industries culturelles contre le droit d'auteur
Authors: Galloul Mahfoud 
Published: December 2021

El problema de la retribución de los derechos de autor
La integración económica de las técnicas y de los servicios del multimedia conducen a trivializar a los autores y a borrar el estatuto original de las obras. Asi es como la industria de los "productos culturales" hace mas problematico el acceso del publico a la cultura y favorece una concepción estrictamente mercantil de la creación.
De la crise comme élément d'identification du service public français de l'audiovisuel
Authors: Regourd Serge 
Published: December 2021

De la crisis como elemento de identificación del servicio publico francés del audiovisual
En Francia, desde hace varias décadas, la situación normal del audiovisual publico, y en particular de la television, parece ser una situación de crisis. Las crisis se suceden como factores de regulación, con el telon de la relativización creciente de la noción de servicio publico, que por cierto se va abandonando en beneficio de la noción mas "neutra" de sector publico. La inseguridad juridica, económica y "politica" que ahora lo caracteriza no le permite emanciparse de las situaciones de crisis.
Organisation du travail, processus d' intermédiation et espace local. Le cas des agents du Service public de l'emploi
Authors: Charlier Myriam 
Published: December 2021

Work organisation, methods of intervention and the local area. The case of the officials in the Public Employment Agencies
The construction of local units is a means for the centralized level to maintain the social representations which accord with the labour market. This theoretical presupposition is a way of giving the Public Employment Service (Service public de l'emploi : SPE in french) officials responsibilities which accord with the local situation in their intervention zone. Actually, by specific practices, these officials are supposed to solve the employment issues. But, on the other hand, when we analyse the construction of the relations which are established between these officials and the work organization, the division of labour and the transformations of these organizations, it appears that for the above mentioned officials it is impossible to initiate at the local level. The study of the relations at the local level between the SPE officials and the users of this service may pinpoint a number of paradoxes between the national (state) intentions and the local realities. These paradoxes may explain in part the present crisis of the SPE.
Le sens de l'urgence
Authors: Aubert Nicole 
Published: December 2021

El sentido de urgencia
La práctica de la acción en urgencia que invade los ámbitos sociales y empresariales proviene de un proceso triple de instantaneidad, de compresión y de aceleración del tiempo mundial. Constituye un sintoma de la pérdida del sentido colectivo que afecta a la sociedad y se traduce por la imposibilidad de establecer una representación significativa y coherente del futuro. En el contexto de angustia asi provocada, el culto de la acción en urgencia funciona como un sucedáneo de sentido, como si la rapidez de resolución de los problemas pudiera, ella sola, dar sentido a la acción. "Desideologizar" la urgencia parece ser una etapa necesaria, para encontrar o al menos para volver a apropiarse un tiempo que dejamos escapar a la diferencia del espacio que hemos conseguido conquistar.
L'urgence en politique. Temps de l'action et temps du discours
Authors: Monnoyer-Smith Laurence 
Published: December 2021

La urgencia en politico. El tiempo de la acción y el tiempo del discurso
La ideologia de la urgencia, cuyo desarrollo se puede comprobar en la empresa, también concierne la esfera politica en la que parece como un modo de acción susceptible de responder a las crisis crónicas de los paises europeos. Esto se traduce en el discurso politico por una valorización de la acción inmediata en detrimento del largo plazo, y por un desajuste creciente entre el discurso, lleno de promesas, y la acción, que necesita más tiempo. El hecho de recurrir al peritaje puede analizarse como una forma de tratamiento discursivo de la urgencia cuya ventaja es relacionar el poder legitimador y la aceleración del proceso de decisión, en detrimento de los ideales democráticos.
Le «pays », territoire de l'environnement ? La protection de la nature en Puisaye
Authors: Alphandéry Pierre , Pinton Florence 
Published: December 2021

i El «Pays », territorio del medio ambiente ? La protección de la naturaleza en Puisaye
La Puisaye es el centro de polîticas publicas y de acciones asociativas cuyo objetivo es la protección de una naturaleza cada vez mas amenazada. Pero estas intervenciones no consiguen suscitar un proyecto colectivo que traduzca en la prâctica la idea de territorio, cuando la notion de «pays » esta constantemente evocada para définir la Puisaye. i Cómo se puede interpretar la dinâmica que hace de la naturaleza un elemento de identificación y de diferenciación ? i Sólo se puede considerar la multiplicación de las areas protegidas como un producto turístico y un indicio de la fragmentación del espacio ? O esta dinâmica podría convertirse en el vector de un proyecto territorial global ? Pero en este ultimo caso, i cuales serian las media-ciones ?
Le marché et la convention à l'épreuve de l'organisation
Authors: Neuville Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Market and convention put to the test of hierarchy
Based on empirical research carried out in the automobile industry, this paper sets out to test various figures of market and convention grafted on to the governance of industrial organization. These grafts are developed by the total quality management system (TQM) through some specific notions such as «customer », «supplier-customer contract » and «quality standard ». With these notions, TQM tries to renew the authority principle of hierarchical governance by redistributing fair and right between employees. Our results show that substitutes for market and convention in TQM, even if they offer a new legitimacy for subordination, don't have any effect on organization.
Commerce électronique et services
Authors: Monnoyer-Longé Marie-Christine 
Published: December 2021

Comercio electrónico y servicios
Al hacerse electrónica, la distribution permite e implica una revision del tipo y de las modalidades de los intercambios informativos y comerciales entre el productor, el cliente y los intermediaries. Dado que la comunicaciôn se hace interactiva, el intercambio de informaciones va diversificândose, a pesar de la distancia. Este texto pone de realce la dimension «servicial » del comercio electrônico y recalca los analisis de la interaction en los servicios para proponer unos criterios de diferenciación de los sitios electrónicos.