bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El carácter polisémico de educación de calidad en el nivel universitario: una aproximación desde sus actores principales
Authors: Clara Zafra Miguel Ángel , Vega Zárate César 
Published: July 2021

Este estudio muestra los resultados derivados de una investigación exploratoria cuyo propósito fue analizar la percepción de diversos actores sobre la noción de calidad inserta en el ámbito de la educación, particularmente en un nivel universitario. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de carácter cuantitativo con alcance correlacional y de corte transversal. Luego de seguir un muestreo de tipo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se obtuvo un total de 763 sujetos categóricos. Los resultados indican que 59.8 % de los encuestados considera que el principal atributo para referirse a una educación de calidad debe ser el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, además de que la evaluación de la calidad en las instituciones de educación superior debe realizarse a través de los procesos de acreditación y certificación que realizan los organismos evaluadores. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron los análisis correlacionales a través de un análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM). Las percepciones de los diversos actores categóricos son divergentes y varían según el contexto donde se desarrollan, lo cual indica que aun estudiando a los principales actores universitarios, la educación de calidad es polisémica. Finalmente, se sugiere dirigir el debate hacia la construcción de una definición transdisciplinar que conjunte las diversas perspectivas.
Russia Trade with Africa: The Current State of Affairs
Authors: Konstantinova O. V. 
Published: July 2021

Russia is strengthening its geopolitical influence. An example of this is the holding of the first Russia-Africa summit and economic forum in Sochi in October 2019. This event showed how important Africa is for Russia and how important Russia is for Africa. It was an epoch-making event that demonstrated to the world the degree of Russian-African mutual interest.With what has Russia approached this event and how will economic cooperation develop? This work is devoted to this. The article deals with the issues of mutual trade between Russia and African countries. The main African trade agents of the Russian Federation in recent years have been identified. The state of trade between Russia and African countries has been analyzed, according to which the indicators have grown significantly due to the increase in the volume of Russian exports to African countries. This, especially in the context of solving the import substitution program and developing new markets, is extremely promising, since the African market is large and Russian goods are competitive on it, which opens up new opportunities for increasing trade and cooperation.The main export and import positions have been determined. According to the study, it is necessary to revise export positions on the part of Russia, in particular, the transition from the fuel and energy direction to industrial goods, the provision of services and new technologies. Diversification of African exports is also necessary, by increasing the added value of goods, a transition to the industrialization of production and the use of high technologies.In this regard, the most promising seems to be the strengthening of cooperation between Russia and Africa in the direction of increasing the volume of trade, promoting Russian education, high technologies, services, medicine, increasing investment in the fuel and energy complex of African countries, cooperation in agriculture, fish farming, construction, water purification and other mutually beneficial directions. This will strengthen the positions of Russia and Africa as leading players in the world arena and will serve to strengthen the polycentric world order.
Strategic Triangles and Balancing in World Politics
Authors: Degterev D. A. , Ramich M. S. 
Published: July 2021

Trilateral diplomacy is a common format of interaction in international relations, which forms various configurations of the balance of power within the framework of triangles. The concept of a “triangle” is characterized by ambivalence, has a variety of characteristics and principles of formation.The article provides an overview of the theoretical discourse on strategic triangles, as well as of practical examples of trilateral diplomacy of the past and present day. The main characteristics of strategic triangles and the features of changes in their configuration are identified (the case of USA–PRC–USSR triangle). Classification of both symmetric and asymmetric triangles (unicenter and bicenter) are given, the concept of buffer states, as well as regional conflicts with the participation of a great power as a defender, are presented.The most influential countries at the global and regional levels, forming geopolitical triangles, are identified basing on the Composite Index of National Capability (CINC). The concept of pivot states is analyzed permitting to indicate relatively small but geopolitically important countries, forming triangles together with influential states.The main strategic triangles of the modern world order are analyzed, presenting mostly countries of Asia (China, Japan, India), Russian Federation, USA and EU. The main trends of global competition based on geopolitical triangles in the XXI-st century are identified.
GUAM Activity in the Post-Soviet Space: Intentions, Results, Prospects
Authors: Belashchenko D. A. , Tolkachev V. V. , Shmelev A. P. , Shodzhonov I. F. 
Published: July 2021

Integration processes in the post-Soviet space actualize the topic of several individual organizations prospects considering current trends on the international scene, particularly the ODED-GUAM. This formation is specific because it was initially created without the participation of the Russian Federation and also formed as an alternative to the Common-wealth of Independent States and other integration projects where the leading role was recognized for the Russian Federation.The study consists of two parts. The first part examines the development process of the ODED-GUAM organization and high-lights the main stages of its existence. The transformation of the conceptual ideas of the organization’s development from a global to a local actor in world politics was also mentioned in the article. The study conducts a broad analysis of the organization’s source base, evaluates the results that the organization has achieved and the reasons of its composition change.The second part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the development of this organization from the standpoint of neorealism (structural realism) taking into account the combination of endogenous and exogenous factors.The totality of moments related to the specifics of the ODED-GUAM conceptual component evolution, the episodic nature of its activities, the presence of the internal conflict of interests among participating countries, the leading international actors positions towards the organization, allows us to consider the integration entity is mostly the artificial construct that unified states that were for one reason or another out of key integration projects of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space. It is also relevant to consider the ODED-GUAM as a tool for promoting the interests of such actors as the United States and the EU in the post-Soviet space, as an instrument of information, ideological, and economic pressure on Russia and its partners in integration entities.In fact, the prospects of the ODEDGUAM organization are directly dependent on the position and policy of external actors who consider this organization as one of the platforms to influence the Russian Federation as well as the People’s Republic of China and the integration projects implemented by these countries.
Russia and Turkey in Regional and Geopolitical Space
Authors: Dolgov B. V. 
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to examine Russian-Turkish relations in the historical retrospective review. The regional and geopolitical goals which Russia had to realize in XVII – beginning XX centuries and which is stipulated the necessity to ensure Russia security and further economical development are revealed. The factors which led to push of Russia and Turkey interests and which became the cause of Russian-Turkish military conflicts which is occurred at interval of cooperation and partnership in this period are represented. The results of Russian military and political efforts which allowed realize the tasks to liberate Crimea, for Russia passage to Black Sea and to Mediterranean Sea basin, to support Balkan peoples to win their national independence, what strengthened Russian regional and geopolitical positions considerably are examined. The character of Russian-Turkish relations in Soviet period which passed the stages of the cooperation and confrontation which caused “Cold War” is revealed.The main attention is allotted to analyze in details the recent stage of Russia – Turkey relations. The character of the actual Turkish ruling elite, which is represented of the Justice and Development Party (JDP), which is confessing the ideology of the moderate Islamism and Neo Osmanism is exposed. The internal social and economical politics of JDP is examined. The goals and intentions, which Turkish leadership pushed forward, are analyzed and their influence on Russian-Turkish relations is inspected. The activity of the Turkish foreign politics on the different directions in the Arab World, Europe, countries of CIS, Moslem regions of Russian Federation is examined. In the conclusions the differences and common interests in the foreign politics of Russia and Turkey and the possibility of their cooperation are analyzed.
Russian-Greek Relations: Is There a Light at the End of the Tunnel?
Authors: Kvashnin Yu. D. 
Published: July 2021

At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, relations between Russia and Greece entered a protracted period of stagnation, which continues to this day, despite numerous attempts by both countries to intensify political dialogue. One of the reasons is the general degradation of Russia’s relations with the Western countries, which intensified in the middle of the last decade against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis. At the same time, the “sanctions wars” have become an important, but not the only reason for the reduction in bilateral contacts. There were other factors as well: Greece’s dissatisfaction with the excessively close cooperation between Russia and Turkey, different views on NATO’s Eastern enlargement, as well as interchurch disagreements.On the economic plane, Russian-Greek cooperation was hampered by the desire of Greece to diversify its energy supplies, the food embargo regime introduced by Russia against the EU countries, as well as the policy of investment protectionism pursued by Greece towards Russian companies.The greatest success has been achieved in the humanitarian field. Due to the cultural and historical closeness of the two peoples, as well as due to the disappointment of the Greeks in the results of European integration, Greece remains one of the few countries where most people treat Russia with sympathy. At the same time, the perception of Russia by the Greeks is distorted and often fragmentary. The positive effect of Russian-Greek humanitarian cooperation is often overshadowed by negative coverage of Russian foreign policy in the Greek media.
Sonographic Measurement of Spleen to Left Kidney Ratio among Saudi Children
Authors: Elserag Taha , Abukonna Ahmed , Medani Afaf , Abdelkreem Saida , Musa Mustafa 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Spleen length varying according to many factors such as individual height, age and weight, determination of mild splenomegaly might be extremely inaccurate. The goal of this study was to determine the spleen to left kidney ratio in different age group among school age children in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 150 healthy subjects (66 boys and 84 girls) their age ranged from 7 to 15 years. The study was conducted at the Taawon clinic in Kharj city, Saudi Arabia. The sonographic examination was performed using Siemens (Acuson X300) machine with convex probe (3.5 – 5 MHz). Spleen and left kidney lengths were measured as well as weight and height of the subjects.
Results: The result of the study showed that there is no significant different between boys and girls regarding spleen and left kidney lengths (p > 0.05). The spleen to left kidney ratio was found to be about 1.1 with 1.3 as the normal upper limit in the study sample.
Conclusion: Spleen to left kidney length ratio becomes a promising method to detect non palpable splenic enlargement. Mild splenomegaly is considered if the spleen to left kidney ratio is greater than 1.3 in the absence of kidney disorders.
Surgical Management of Cervico-facial Cystic Lymphangioma in Children
Authors: Oulghoul O. , Hadid F. , Benhoummad O. , Rochdi Y. , Raji A. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Cystic lymphangioma or cystic hygroma is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that manifests as a soft, benign, and painless mass. It originates from remnants of embryonic lymphatic tissue that retains the potential for proliferation.
Material and methods: Our retrospective study involved 16 cases of cystic lymphangioma managed between 2017 and 2020.
Results: This study included 9 girls and 7 boys with a mean age of 4.2 years. Cystic lymphangioma was visible in 7 cases at birth and in 6 cases before the age of 2 years, and beyond 2 years in 3 cases. The tumor was cervical in 11 cases, including one case of parotid extension, and 02 cases of sub maxillary extension, jugal in one and one case of parotid localization, and one case of lingual localization. Surgical indication was based on clinical examination and imaging in all cases. Excision was considered complete in 12 cases and incomplete in four cases. In three cases, excision was difficult due to adhesion to the internal jugular vein and the carotid bifurcation, base of the tongue in one case and facial nerve in one case. Early complications were, hematoma [one case], lymphorrhea [one case], jugal recurrence [one case] nine months after surgical excision.
Conclusion: Cervico-facial cystic lymphangioma is a particular pathology whose management is challenging, complex and multidisciplinary.
Delayed Recurrent Post Cochlear Implantation Hydroma: A Four Patients Series
Authors: Oulghoul O. , Hadid F. , Benhoummad O. , Rochdi Y. , Raji A. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: we report our series of late hydroma after cochlear implantation, this complication has not been widely reported in the literature. Method: retrospective study.
Results: four children who had undergone a cochlear implantation aged between 3.2 and 5.3 years (median 4.5 years) were studied. The hydroma episode occurred 4 months to 3 years after cochlear implantation. Two patients had two recurrent episodes. No obvious etiological factors were found, including trauma or infection. No patient benefited from a fine needle aspiration or drainage, all the patients were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic with corticosteroid and a slightly compressive bandage with good results in all cases.
Conclusion: Late-onset hydroma is a minor complication with no obvious etiology and good evolution and risk of recurrence, its management remains no codified due to the limited number of cases reported in the literature.
Leisure Activities for Patients with Diffuse Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Nascimento Marielle Fornazzaro , Velho Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira , Corrêa Raphaela Espanha , Tolocka Rute Estanislava 
Published: July 2021

Leisure is everyone right, regardless of the clinical condition of each individual. The quality of life (QoL) of patients with dermatoses has been related to the practice of leisure activities (PLA); however, little is known about this practice in these patients. This study aimed to verify the PLA in patients with Diffuse Connective Tissue Diseases (DCTD). This is a descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative field study with patients seen at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic (Hospital de Clínicas) of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil. A form was used, containing closed questions about the sociodemographic and clinical profiles, and an open question about leisure. The responses were categorized according to the classification of leisure cultural content. Descriptive statistics, construction of a crosstable and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Data from 62 patients were collected, who aged between 19.4 and 75.3 years (average of 49.32±12.55 years). Among the patients, 80.6% were female and 70.9% were diagnosed with Cutaneous or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LE). The most practiced leisure activities were those related to manual and virtual content, mentioned by 24.6% of the patients. Another 18.0% reported preferring to stay at home or sleep (other activities), and no patient reported physical-sports or tourist leisure practices. The PLAs were little varied, showing 75.8% of the patients taking only one type of content related to these practices and 12.9% not carrying out any leisure activities. The elderly were the ones who most reported manual and virtual activities. An association was found between the variety of leisure content practiced and literacy level. Illiterate patients were those who least reported activities related to leisure, when compared to those who completed elementary school (X² = 24.686; p= 0.035). Before diagnosis, 56.5% of the patients performed physical activities, of which 27.4% could be classified as physical-sports leisure. After the disease development, only 19.7% of them maintained physical activities, and, of all the activities practiced by them, only 9.7% could be considered as leisure activities, but none as physical-sports leisure. Thus, it appears that leisure practices among patients with DCTD are scarce and little varied, which interferes with their QoL. The orientation and practice of these activities are necessary so that they can make choices and vary the types of activities practiced. Likewise, more studies, which can support actions that encourage and enable the leisure practices of these patients, play an important role.
Side Effect Profile of COVID-19 Vaccine among Health Workers in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Oriji Peter C. , Allagoa Dennis O. , Obagah Lukman , Oguche Obielumani I. , Ohaeri Onyekachi S. , Tekenah Ebiye S. , Ozori Stanley E. , Atemie Gordon 
Published: July 2021

Background: Side effect following vaccination usually ranges from mild to moderate and occasionally severe in a small proportion of people. Covid-19 vaccine is no exception as side effects have been reported which are mostly mild to moderate and transient. The chances of any of these side effect following vaccination differ according to the specific COVID-19 vaccine.
Objective: To determine the side effect profile of the Health workers that received the COVID-19 vaccination in the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Materials and Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It was carried out between 15th and 30th April 2021 among 151 health workers that received COVID-19 vaccination in the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The data were collected with a predesigned questionnaire and were analysed using IBM SPSS 23.0 version.
Results: About 52.3% were female health workers, 49.0% were aged between 36–45 years. Side effects were reported in 9 of every 10 health workers who received the vaccine. Most side effects (53.0%) started on the day of vaccination. The most common side effect was pain at the injection site, and it was reported by 104 recipients of the vaccine (68.9%). Fever, headache, tiredness and chills were reported in 57.0%, 49.0%, 47.7% and 43.7%, respectively.
Conclusion: As with medications and other vaccines, COVID-19 vaccines have side effects. Protective immunity against COVID-19 is developed following vaccination. In the face of a still rapidly evolving situation, what seems obvious is that vaccination currently remains the best route to achieving herd immunity.
Cross-Sectional Household Survey of Risk Behaviors Related to Viral Hepatitis among Adults in Sokoto-Nigeria
Authors: Hudu Shuaibu A. , Hamal Nabil S. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Viral hepatitis is a deadly disease which can manifest as acute, chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure and responsible for 1.34 million deaths globally, a number comparable to deaths caused by tuberculosis and higher than those caused by HIV.
Objectives: The goal of this survey was to find the vastness of different risk factors associated with Viral Hepatitis and to describe the connection between these risk and sociodemographic factors among adults in Sokoto-Nigeria.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried in nine local government areas in the state. A two-stage cluster sampling was utilized and adults who were living in the selected household were interviewed. A multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic indicators and diﬀerent viral hepatitis risk factors.
Results: Seven hundred and twenty eight respondents were recruited for this survey. Sharing nail cutters, body piercing, and razor blade use were the most pervasive risk factors among respondents. Males, married couples, respondents somewhere in the range of 27 and 40 years of age, and people with low educational achievement were more likely to be exposed to risk factors associated with Viral Hepatitis.
Conclusion: The risk of viral hepatitis was moderately high among the survey subject. Consequently, explicit projects like forum, classes and persistent instruction on preventive measures for viral hepatitis ought to be custom fitted to these forums. These projects could be directed by government specialists like the Ministry of Health Sokoto and other support agencies and non-governmental organizations.
The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccinations in 47 European Countries
Authors: Cornelli Umberto , Belcaro Giovanni 
Published: July 2021

Background: in the 47 European countries the vaccination against COVID-19 started between December 2020 and January 2021. However, the first wave (W1) was controlled without any vaccine administration
Objective: to analyze the effect of vaccines on COVID-19 deaths rates, comparing the W1 with last wave (W2)
Methods: deaths rates from March 2, 2020, up to May 10, 2021, were recorded from WHO dashboard
The same was for the vaccine doses administered up to the May 9-11, 2021.
The trends of the deaths during W1 were followed for 5 weeks after the peak (6 values), while for the W2 the last 6 weeks from April 5 to May 10, 2021 were considered.
Results: the vaccination coverage was between <2×103 inhabitants (Armenia) and 831 x 103 (UK) and the average was 395×103 inhabitants. Although some differences among countries in the coverage, it seems that vaccination is significantly accelerating the deaths decay which was correlated with the doses administered.
Conclusions: in Europe the decay of deaths due to Covid-19 during the 2020 (W1) was achieved without any vaccination program. However, the vaccine is significantly decreasing the deaths rate proportionally to the amount of doses administered.