bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective Well-Being and Self-Esteem in Preterm Born Adolescents: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Brylka Asteria , Wolke Dieter , Trower Hayley , Baumann Nicole , Lemola Sakari 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To study self-reported well-being and self-esteem among adolescents born very preterm (VPT; <32 wk of gestation) and moderate to late preterm (MLPT; 32–36 wk of gestation) compared with those born full-term (FT) in an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.

Methods:
We obtained IPD from the following 4 data sources: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (United Kingdom), the Millennium Cohort Study (United Kingdom), the Basel Study of Preterm Children (Switzerland), and the Bavarian Longitudinal Study (Germany) and conducted two-step random-effects IPD meta-analysis. A total of 986 MLPT, 412 VPT, and 12,719 FT born adolescents reported on subjective well-being and 927 MLPT, 175 VPT, and 13,312 FT born adolescents reported on global self-esteem.

Results:
Adolescents born VPT or MLPT were not different from those born FT regarding general subjective well-being; family, school, and physical appearance–related well-being; and global self-esteem. However, adolescents born VPT reported lower well-being in peer relationships than those born FT (β = −0.209, 95% confidence interval = −0.336 to −0.082). There was no main effect of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and no moderation by FGR, sex, parental education, and ethnicity. No significant heterogeneity between cohorts was found, although some heterogeneity estimates were moderate.

Conclusion:
Adolescents born preterm mostly report no lower well-being and self-esteem than adolescents born FT. However, they perceive their peer relationships as poorer than those born FT.
Pudendal Nerve Terminal Motor Latency Compared by Anorectal Manometry Diagnosing Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Han Seung Hee , Choi Kyungyeul , Shim Ga Yang , Kim JongKyu 
Published: April 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the clinical value of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency in fecal incontinence patients with that of another diagnostic test—anorectal manometry.

Design
This study used a cross-sectional design. Medical records of fecal incontinence patients who underwent pudendal nerve terminal motor latency and anorectal manometry testing were reviewed. Greater than 2.4 ms of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency was determined to be abnormal. Anorectal manometry was performed using a station pull-through technique. Mean resting anal pressure, maximal resting anal pressure, mean squeezing anal pressure, and maximal squeezing anal pressure were investigated. For normal and abnormal pudendal nerve terminal motor latency groups, comparative analyses were performed on anorectal manometry results.

Results
A total of 31 patients were included. Thirteen patients showed normal pudendal nerve terminal motor latency. For anorectal manometry results, there was no significant difference between normal and abnormal pudendal nerve terminal motor latency groups. Fourteen patients had diabetes mellitus. Subgroup analysis of the 14 diabetic patients showed no significant difference between normal and abnormal pudendal nerve terminal motor latency groups. For 17 nondiabetic patients, there was a significant difference between the groups with positive correlations with mean/maximal resting anal pressures.

Conclusions
Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency significantly correlates with anorectal manometry in fecal incontinence only in nondiabetic patients.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Azar Antoine , Aldaoud Nawras , Hardenbergh Dylan , Krimins Rebecca , Son James , Shiroky Jennifer , Timlin Homa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are both conditions defined by immune system dysfunction: one hyperactive, the other hypoactive. Although uncommon, these diseases can coexist in the same individual. This review aims to assess the state of the literature on the relationship between SLE and CVID, particularly when workup for CVID should be considered in individuals with SLE and how CVID in individuals with SLE should be treated.
The Value of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for Evaluation of Postinfectious Lyme Arthritis
Authors: Miller John B. , Albayda Jemima , Aucott John N. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Inflammatory arthritis is the most common late manifestation of untreated Lyme disease in the United States. While antimicrobial therapy is effective in resolving swelling and pain for 90% of patients, many patients have persistent inflammation, termed postinfectious Lyme arthritis (PILA). Current outcome measures for Lyme arthritis have several limitations, as improvement is considered a dichotomous outcome based solely on physical examination. There is growing interest in the use of ultrasonography to better define outcomes in inflammatory arthritis, and this is particularly relevant for conditions such as late Lyme arthritis and PILA, which are monoarticular or oligoarticular. We describe results from a series of 5 patients who underwent ultrasound evaluations leading to a diagnosis of PILA.

Methods
This is a case series describing 5 patients with PILA who were referred for evaluation and treatment of symptomatic joints.

Results
Musculoskeletal ultrasound showed significant joint pathology, even in cases with minimal clinical findings. Synovitis, effusions, enthesitis/tendinopathy, and bone erosions were seen and helped confirm the presence of ongoing inflammatory arthritis.

Conclusions
Marked inflammatory change—with synovitis, enthesitis and erosions—can be seen in selected patients with PILA. Systematic sonographic evaluation of patients with PILA is needed to further evaluate pathology and treatment response.
Hand-assisted Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Analysis of Short-term and Long-term Results
Authors: Mahamid Ahmad , Sawaied Munier , Berger Yael , Halim Nasser A. , Goldberg Natalia , Abu-Zaydeh Omar , Bitterman Arie , Sadot Eran , Haddad Riad 
Published: April 2021

Background:
There is scant data regarding the outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). The aim of this study is to report our experience and analyze the short-term and long-term results.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective study of patients undergoing HALS for CRLM in 2 university affiliated medical centers.

Results:
Two hundred and thirty-eight liver procedures were performed on 145 patients including 205 parenchymal sparing resections and 33 anatomic resections. The median number of metastases was 1 (range: 1 to 8), 38 patients (26.2%) had 3 or more metastases, and 41 patients (28.3 had a bi-lobar disease. The tumor size was 20 (2 to 90) mm, and 52 patients (36.6%) had a tumor larger than 30 mm. Nighty-nine patients (67.8%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In 8 patients (5.5%) the laparoscopic liver resection was combined with ablation, and 16 patients (11%) underwent a synchronous resection of colorectal cancer. The median operative time, blood loss during surgery, and postoperative hospital stay were 163 minutes, 300 mL, and 4 days, respectively. The median modified Iwate complexity score was 4 (0 to 10) and the conversion rate to open surgery was 5.5%. The overall and major complication rates were 23.8% and 3.6%, respectively. The mortality rate was 0.7%. R0 resections were achieved in 91% of patients. Median overall survival for all the cohort (intend to treat) was 59 months, and the 8- and 10-year overall survival rates were 47.3% and 24.9%, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study shows that HALS is a safe and efficacious treatment for selected patients with CRLM.
Scarless Completion Thyroidectomy After Initial Transoral Approach for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: How and When to Start?
Authors: Wu Yi-Ju , Chi Shun-Yu , Chan Yi-Chia , Chou Fong-Fu , Wee Sin-Yong , Wu Kun-Ta 
Published: April 2021

Background:
With growing literature, the feasibility of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has been confirmed as a valid method for managing differentiated thyroid cancer. Completion thyroidectomy (CT) is recommended in patients who have been diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer after unilateral lobectomy by TOETVA. In this retrospective study, the authors addressed the critical questions of how and when to do the second operation of CT to avoid a neck scar.

Materials and Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed our patients who had received TOETVA in our hospital from August 2016 to December 2019. Those who received CT after initial TOETVA as cTOETVA were further separated according to the approaching methods. Demographic data, operative variables, and postoperative variables were collected and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 97 patients were enrolled using TOETVA. Malignancies were present in 42 patients (43.3%) using TOETVA. There were 3 approaching methods of cTOETVA and separated into reopen transcervical approach (re-TCA), retransoral TOETVA (re-TOETVA), and transaxillary approach (TAA) groups. There were no significant complications among patients for cTOETVA. Of the 8 patients for the cTOETVA, 3 received re-TCA, 3 re-TOETVA, and 2 TAA.

Conclusions:
The outcomes are encouraging and demonstrate the feasibility of scarless completion thyroidectomy after initial TOETVA. The re-TOETVA procedure should be completed within 14 days after the initial TOETVA procedure, TAA beyond 14 days, and re-TCA may be completed at any time. The cTOETVA techniques using re-TOETVA or TAA have better cosmetic results than re-TCA in oncological equivalency.
Reasons for non-attendance to cervical cancer screening and acceptability of HPV self-sampling among Bruneian women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaw Liling , Lee Shirley HF , Hazwani Ja’afar Nurul Iffah , Lim Edwin , Sharbawi Roslin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveUptake for cervical cancer screening remains well below the 80% target as recommended by Brunei’s National Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control plan. We conducted a pilot study to determine the reasons for non-attendance and explore their acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling as an alternative to the Pap test.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary healthcare center in Brunei, from January to December 2019. We recruited screening non-attendees, defined as women who were eligible for Pap test but who either never, or did not have one within the recommended screening interval of 3 years. This recruitment was done conveniently among women attending outpatient care and/or child health services at the primary healthcare center. Participants were first asked to complete a self-administered paper-based questionnaire on their reasons for screening non-attendance, and then invited for HPV self-sampling. Among those who agreed to participate in HPV self-sampling, they were asked to complete a second questionnaire on the self-sampling procedure and their samples were tested for high-risk HPV (hr-HPV). Results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultWe enrolled 174 screening non-attendees, out of which 97 (55.7%) also participated in HPV self-sampling. The main reasons for not attending Pap test screening were fear of bad results (16.1%, n = 28); embarrassment (14.9%, n = 26) and lack of time due to home commitments (10.3%, n = 18). When compared to those who agreed to participate in HPV self-sampling, those who declined were significantly older (p = 0.002) and less likely to agree that they are susceptible to cervical cancer (p = 0.023). They preferred to receive Pap test-related information from healthcare workers (59.0%, n = 155), social messaging platforms (28.7%, n = 51) and social media (26.4%, n = 47). HPV self-sampling kits were positively received among the 97 participants, where > 90% agreed on its ease and convenience. Nine (9.3%) tested positive for hr-HPV, out of which eight were non-16/18 HPV genotypes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that promoting awareness on cervical cancer, clarifying any misconceptions of Pap test results, and highlighting that the disease is preventable and that early detection through screening can facilitate successful treatment would help increase screening uptake among Bruneian non-attendees. Response to HPV self-sampling was highly positive, suggesting the possibility of implementing this strategy in the local setting. Our high detection of non-16/18 HPV genotypes suggest high prevalence of other hr-HPV genotypes in Brunei. Larger studies should be conducted to further validate our findings.
Spatiotemporal specification of human green and red cones
Authors: Hadyniak Sarah E. , Eldred Kiara C. , Brenerman Boris , Hussey Katarzyna A. , Hagen Joanna F. D. , McCoy Rajiv C. , Sauria Michael E. G. , Kuchenbecker James A. , Reh Thomas , Glass Ian , Neitz Maureen , Neitz Jay , Taylor James , Johnston Robert J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrichromacy is unique to primates among mammals, enabled by blue (short/S), green (medium/M), and red (long/L) cones. In humans and Old World monkeys, cones make a poorly understood choice between M and L cone subtype fates. To determine mechanisms specifying M and L cones, we developed an approach to visualize expression of the highly similarM- andL-opsinmRNAs.M-opsin, but notL-opsin, was observed during early human eye development, suggesting that M cones are generated before L cones. In adult human tissue, the early-developing central retina contained a mix of M and L cones compared to the late-developing peripheral region, which contained a high proportion of L cones. Retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzymes are highly expressed early in retinal development. High RA signaling early was sufficient to promote M cone fate and suppress L cone fate in retinal organoids. Across a human population sample, natural variation in the ratios of M and L cone subtypes was associated with a noncoding polymorphism in theNR2F2gene, a mediator of RA signaling. Our data suggest that RA promotes M cone fate early in development to generate the pattern of M and L cones across the human retina.
Furanoditerpenoid biosynthesis in the bioenergy crop switchgrass is catalyzed by an alternate metabolic pathway
Authors: Muchlinski Andrew , Jia Meirong , Tiedge Kira , Fell Jason S. , Pelot Kyle A. , Chew Lisl , Davisson Danielle , Chen Yuxuan , Siegel Justin , Lovell John T. , Zerbe Philipp 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpecialized diterpenoid metabolites are important mediators of stress resilience in monocot crops. A deeper understanding of how species-specific diterpenoid-metabolic pathways and functions contribute to plant chemical defenses can enable crop improvement strategies. Here, we report the genomics-enabled discovery of five cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP71Z25-29) that form previously unknown furanoditerpenoids in the monocot bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Combinatorial pathway reconstruction showed that CYP71Z25-29 catalyze furan ring addition to diterpene alcohol intermediates derived from distinct class II diterpene synthases, thus bypassing the canonical role of class I diterpene synthases in plant diterpenoid metabolism. Transcriptional co-expression patterns and presence of select diterpenoids in droughted switchgrass roots support possible roles of CYP71Z25-29 in abiotic stress responses. Integrating molecular dynamics, structural analysis, and targeted mutagenesis, identified active site determinants controlling distinct CYP71Z25-29 catalytic specificities and, combined with broad substrate promiscuity for native and non-native diterpenoids, highlights the potential of these P450s for natural product engineering.Significance StatementDiterpenoids play important roles in stress resilience and chemically mediated interactions in many plant species, including major food and bioenergy crops. Enzymes of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family catalyze the various functional decorations of core diterpene scaffolds that determine the large diversity of biologically active diterpenoids. This study describes the identification and mechanistic analysis of an unusual group of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP71Z25-29, from the bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). These enzymes catalyze the furan ring addition directly to class II diterpene synthase products, thus bypassing the conserved pairwise reaction of class II and class I diterpene synthases in labdane diterpenoid metabolism. Insight into the distinct substrate-specificity of CYP71Z25-29 offers opportunity for engineering of furanoditerpenoid bioproducts.
Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe
Authors: Hammel Maurine , Simon Alexis , Arbiol Christine , Villalba Antonio , Burioli Erika AV , Pépin Jean-François , Lamy Jean-Baptiste , Benabdelmouna Abdellah , Bernard Ismael , Houssin Maryline , Charrière Guillaume M , Destoumieux-Garzon Delphine , Welch John , Metzger Michael J , Bierne Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransmissible cancers are parasitic malignant cell lineages that acquired the ability to infect new hosts from the same species, or sometimes related species. First described in dogs and Tasmanian devils, transmissible cancers were later discovered in some marine bivalves affected by a leukemia-like disease. InMytilusmussels, two lineages of Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia (BTN), both emerged in aM. trossulusfounder individual, have been described to date (MtrBTN1 and MtrBTN2). Here, we performed an extensive screening of genetic chimerism, a hallmark of transmissible cancer, by genotyping hundred SNPs of thousands of EuropeanMytilusmussels. The genetic analysis allowed us to simultaneously obtain the genotype of hosts-M. edulis,M. galloprovincialisor hybrids- and the genotype of tumors of heavily infected individuals. In addition, a subset of individuals were systematically genotyped and analysed by histology in order to screen for possible non-transmissible cancers. We detected MtrBTN2 at low prevalence inM. edulis, and also inM. galloprovincialisand hybrids although at a much lower prevalence. No MtrBTN1 or new BTN were found but a few individuals with non-transmissible neoplasia were observed at a single polluted site on the same sampling date. We observed a diversity of MtrBTN2 genotypes that appeared more introgressed or more ancestral than MtrBTN1 and reference healthyM. trossulusindividuals. The observed polymorphism is most likely due to somatic null alleles caused by structural variations or point mutations in primer-binding sites leading to enhanced detection of the host alleles. Despite low prevalence, two divergent sublineages, confirmed by mtCOI sequences, are co-spreading in the same geographic area, suggesting a complex diversification of MtrBTN2 since its emergence and host species shift.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Livers During NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Reveals a Novel Immune Niche
Authors: Calcagno David , Chu Angela , Gaul Susanne , Taghdiri Nika , Toomu Avinash , Leszczynska Aleksandra , Kaufmann Benedikt , Wree Alexander , Geisler Lukas , Hoffman Hal M. , Feldstein Ariel E. , King Kevin R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a central contributor to human acute and chronic liver disease, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which its activation precipitates injury remain incompletely understood. Here, we present single cell transcriptomic profiling of livers from a global transgenic Tamoxifen-inducible constitutively-activatedNlrp3A350Vmutant mouse, and we investigate the changes in parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cell gene expression that accompany inflammation and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that NLRP3 activation causes chronic extramedullary myelopoiesis marked by an increase in proliferating myeloid progenitors that differentiate into neutrophils, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages, results that were corroborated by flow cytometry and histological staining. We observed prominent neutrophil infiltrates with increased Ly6gHIand Ly6gINTcells exhibiting transcriptomic signatures of granulopoiesis typically found in the bone marrow. This was accompanied by a marked increase in Ly6cHImonocytes differentiating into Cd11bHITim4HIClec4fHImacrophages that express proinflammatory transcriptional programs similar to macrophages of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) models. NLRP3 activation also downregulated metabolic pathways in hepatocytes and shifted hepatic stellate cells towards an activated pro-fibrotic state based on expression of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulatory genes. These results, which highlight abundant neutrophils and extramedullary granulopoiesis define an inflamed and fibrotic hepatic single cell microenvironment, precipitated solely by NLRP3 activation. Clinically, our data support the notion that neutrophils and NLRP3 should be explored as therapeutic targets in NASH-like inflammation.
The unique neuronal structure and neuropeptide repertoire in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi shed light on the evolution of animal nervous systems
Authors: Sachkova Maria Y , Nordmann Eva-Lena , Soto-Àngel Joan J , Meeda Yasmin , Górski Bartłomiej , Naumann Benjamin , Dondorp Daniel , Chatzigeorgiou Marios , Kittelmann Maike , Burkhardt Pawel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ctenophore nerve net represents one of the earliest evolved nervous system of animals. Due to the uncertainties of their phylogenetic placement of ctenophores and the absence of several key bilaterian neuronal genes, it has been hypothesized that their neurons have evolved independently. Whether this is indeed the case remains unclear, and thus the evolutionary history of neurons is still contentious. Here, we have characterized the neuropeptide repertoire of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Using the machine learning NeuroPID tool1 129 new putative neuropeptide precursors were predicted. Sixteen of them are detected in the subepithelial nerve net (SNN), aboral organ (AO) and epithelial sensory cells (ESC) of early cydippid-stage M. leidyi by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Four of these neuropeptides increase the animals’ swimming velocity in a behavioral essay. The new neuropeptides were used as markers to identify neuronal cell types in single cell transcriptomic data2. To unravel the neuronal architecture, we 3D reconstructed the SNN underlying the comb plates using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). For the first time, we confirm a more than 100 years old hypothesis about anastomoses between neurites of the same cell in ctenophores and reveal that they occur through a continuous membrane. Our findings reveal the unique neuronal structure and neuropeptide repertoire of ctenophores and are important for reconstructing the evolutionary origin of animal neurons and nervous systems.