bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Choice of a Syringe For Manual Cortex Aspiration
Authors: Zauberman H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The friction force of 5-ml, 2-ml, and 1-ml syringes used for manual aspiration of cortex material in extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) were compared. It was found that for a 5-ml syringe the force was 500 g, for a 2-ml syringe it was 250 g, and for a 1-ml tuberculin-type syringe it was only 50 g. The ease and duration of cortex aspiration in 30 cases of ECCE were compared using each of the above syringes partially filled with fluid, connected to a 25-gauge Gill's type cannula, and a closed anterior chamber technique. It was found that with the help of a 1-ml tuberculin syringe, cortex material was removed faster and with less finger fatigue than with the 5-ml or 2-ml syringe.
Continuing Corneal Endothelial Loss in Intracapsular Surgery With and Without Binkhorst Four-Loop Lenses: A Long-Term Specular Microscopy Study
Authors: Martin Neil F , Stark Walter J , Maumenee A Edward 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyzed pre- and postoperative corneal endothelial photographs of 17 intracapsular cataract extractions (ICCE) with Binkhorst four-loop intraocular lens (IOL) eyes and found 11.6% mean cell loss at 2 months (previously reported by Hirst et al) increasing to 42.4% after 5 years (p<0.05) and 51.8% at 7 years. Eleven ICCE eyes without IOLs similarly examined showed a 15.6% mean cell loss at 2 months (previously reported by Hirst et al), increasing to 33.4% at 5 years (p<0.005, paired t-test). Our results appear to indicate long-term continuing cell loss after ICCE, both with and without Binkhorst four-loop iris clip IOLs, and statistically significant greater cell loss (p<.001, unpaired t-test) with IOLs than without.
Infantile Exotropia in Healthy Children
Authors: Rubin Steven E , Nelson Leonard B , Wagner Rudolph S , Simon John W , Catalano Robert A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Constant exotropia is uncommon during the first year of life. We retrospectively identified 13 patients with large, constant exotropia during the first year of life which required surgery. Bilateral lateral rectus muscle recessions were done in all 13 cases. Only two patients have required reoperation. The clinical char· acteristics and management of this unusual condition are similar to those of infantile esotropia.
Complications of Implanting Three-Piece C-Loop Posterior Chamber Lenses in the Anterior Chamber
Authors: Liu John F , Koch Douglas D , Emery Jared M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have examined a total of four eyes in three patients who had undergone implantation of threepiece C-loop posterior chamber intraocular lenses into the anterior chamber. All four eyes exhibited four or more of the following complications: 1) loop encapsulation by peripheral anterior synechiae; 2) recurrent iritis; 3) central loop displacement with corneal endothelial touch; 4) progressive endothelial cell loss and corneal edema; 5) glaucoma; and 6) cystoid macular edema. Intraocular lens removal was required in all four eyes, and penetrating keratoplasty was performed in one. We believe that these complications are attributable to the inherent fallacies of fixating threepiece open-loop lenses in the anterior chamber angle.
Rotational Tarsal Conjunctival Flap in the Treatment of Scleral Necrosis
Authors: Rootman David S , Insler Michael S , Kaufman Herbert E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Scleral necrosis and perforation are difficult to manage. We describe a technique whereby a vascular strip of tarsal tissue with overlying conjunctiva can be rotated and sutured to a necrotic area of sclera that has been debrided, leading to rapid healing. The technique is performed easily, and can aid in the healing of areas of necrotic sclera that threaten perforation by providing a vascular pedicle.
Bilateral Lacrimal Duct Cyst
Authors: Conway Stephen T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Reports of lacrimal gland cysts have been rare, and mostly of small, unilateral cysts of the palpebral lobes. An unusual case of bilateral, large acquired cysts of the orbital lobe of the lacrimal glands is presented. Pathologic examination showed chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lacrimal gland structures. We suggest that prolapse of the lacrimal glands with obstruction of the lacrimal ducts, combined with chronic dacryoadenitis, led to cyst formation.
Role of Nd:YAG Peripheral Iridectomy in the Management of Ocular Hypertension With a Narrow Angle
Authors: Romano J H , Hitchings R A , Pooinasawmy D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
One half of 20 patients (40 eyes) with ocular hypertension and occludable angles, some with peripheral anterior synechiae, were randomly assigned for treatment by Nd:YAG laser iridotomy. Pre-randomization patients required pilocarpine to maintain normal intraocular tension. Following laser treatment, all eyes were followed a minimum of 12 months (mean of 24). In the nonlaser-treated group, pilocarpine alone controlled intraocular pressure. In the laser treated group, eyes without peripheral anterior synechiae required fewer medications to maintain normal pressures while eyes with peripheral anterior synechiae required more. Although relief of pupillary block by laser iridotomy can facilitate managment of this group of patients, preexisting peripheral anterior synechiae may be associated with greater therapeutic requirements following laser treatment.
Postoperative Instillation of Mitomycin C in the Treatment of Recurrent Pterygium
Authors: Hayasaka Seiji , Noda Sachiko , Yamamoto Yukari , Setogawa Tomoichi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We examined retrospectively 61 eyes of 61 patients with recurrent pterygia who had been treated with excision, with or without 0.02% mitomycin C instillation, 3 to 7 years after treatment. The rates of recurrence (5% to 9%) and complications in eyes that had undergone excision and mitomycin C instillation were less than those in eyes that had had excision only. These data suggest that the postoperative instillation of 0.02% mitomycin C, twice a day for five days, may be effective and safe in the treatment of recurrent pterygium.
Postoperative Zygomycetes Endophthalmitis
Authors: Orgel Ira K , Cohen Kenneth L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fungal endophthalmitis is an uncommon complication of intraocular surgery. We report, to our knowledge, the first case of a postoperative Zygomycetes endophthalmitis that occurred after uncomplicated phacoemulsification and the insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Diagnosis, in the presence of negative aqueous and vitreous cultures, was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of an anterior chamber inflammatory mass. Successful treatment of the eye with 20 µg of intraocular amphotericin B (Fungizone) may have been made possible in part by the fact that the posterior capsule remained intact, keeping the eye bicompartmental.
Resident Extracapsular Cataract Surgery: Results and a Comparison of Automated and Manual Techniques
Authors: Sappenfield David L , Driebe William T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively evaluated 414 faculty-supervised extracapsular cataract extractions performed by ten second and third-year residents. In 94% of the cases without preexisting eye disease 20/40 or better vision was achieved. The most frequent postoperative complication, occurring in 17% of the cases, was a transient rise in intraocular pressure. Late postoperative wound dehiscence occurred in seven cases (1.7%), often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or trauma. There was no statistically significant difference in visual outcome or in the rates of the most frequent complications in the 260 automated as opposed to the 121 manual cortical removal cases. In particular, there was no difference in the rates of vitreous loss, although posterior capsule tears tended to occur more often in the manual group (P= 0.084).
Gonioscopic Findings Following Insertion of Pearce Lasagap and Nova Curve Kratz Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses in Extrapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Naylor Gerald , Sutton G Augustine 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The gonioscopic appearances of 45 eyes that had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of a Pearce Lasagap posterior chamber intraocular lens (group A) were compared with those of 45 eyes that had undergone the same procedure except for insertion of a Nova Curve Kratz posterior chamber lens (group B). Prominence of one or both loops was seen in 35 eyes (78%) of group A, with peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in 25 (55%). Prominence of one loop was seen in 14 eyes (31%) of group B, with PAS in 8 (18%) (P< 0.001). Final visual acuity was comparable in both groups, 98% achieving 6/12 (20/40) or better. Although not statistically significant, the incidence of pigment dispersion, uveitis, discomfort and visual aberrations was greater in group A than in group B. We suggest that the apparent superiority of the Nova Curve Kratz lens in terms of the smaller incidence of loop prominence, as well as the reduced incidence of these other complications, is due to the fact that its haptic is inserted into the optic's edge rather than into the anterior surface of the lens optic, as is the case with the Lasagap lens.
Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Eyelid
Authors: Sanke Robert F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the eyelid is a very rare tumor arising from the eccrine sweat gland. It is locally invasive with a high rate of recurrence following removal. Although uncommon, metastasis to regional lymph nodes does occur, and there have been several reports of more distant metastasis.
This tumor is characterized by the secretion of mucin. This mucin usually forms into pools surrounding the clusters of tumor cells. Less commonly, the mucin may collect within the tumor cells and not be secreted into the extracellular spaces. Such a "mucinpoor" form of the tumor involving the eyelid was recently seen and is reported here. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma are presented and the modes of treatment are discussed.
Traumatic Air Blast Injury With Intracranial, Bilateral Orbital, and Mediastinal Air
Authors: Lubniewski Anthony J , Feibel Robert M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Air at 75 lbs/sq in from an air compressor hose struck a 19-year-old man in his right eye. Injected through a superior conjunctival laceration, the air entered subcutaneous, mediastinal, and bilateral orbital and intracranial spaces. High-resolution computed tomography scanning of the head and orbits revealed air adjacent to the right optic nerve throughout the orbit. We hypothesize that air was injected intracranially, but extradurally, through the superior orbital fissure. The patient suffered no visual loss.
Posterior Relaxing Retinotomy
Authors: Gremillion Charles M , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three patients with retinal detachments complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy underwent posteriorly located relaxing retinotomy to facilitate retinal reattachment. Six months posto peratively the retina remained attach ed in all cases, with an improvement in visual acuity in two cases (light perception to hand motion and 20/200 to 20/60) and a drop of one line in visual acuity in the third (20/20 to 20/25).
Scleral Fixation Suture for Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
Authors: Bloom Steven M , Wyszynski Richard E , Brucker Alexander J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The posterior dislocation of an intraocular lens is a serious complication of extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. We describe a method of repositioning and suturing such a lens, using pars plana techniques. The method we recommend has several advantages over previously described methods, including the use of radially oriented scleral fixation sutures.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Modifies Healing of Glaucoma Filtering Surgery in Rabbits
Authors: Fourman Stuart , Wiley Lee 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The healing response after glaucoma filtering surgery was analyzed immunohistochemically in rabbit eyes that had been treated with tissue plasminogen activator immediately after surgery and in the fellow eyes that had not been so treated.
In the untreated eyes, at 1 day after surgery, fibronectin-like immunoreactivrty was seen in the scleral fistula tract but not in the subconjunctival space of the filtering bleb. At 3 days immunoreactivity for fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen I could be seen in the bleb and fistula tract. By 14 days staining for collagen I and collagen III filled the surgical site, but fibronectin could only be seen in the fistula tract.
In the eyes treated with tissue plasminogen activator immediately after surgery, the deposition of fibronectin and collagen III in the subconjunctival space and fistula tract was apparently delayed and diminished. This delayed and reduced deposition was correlated with the delayed clinical failure of surgery in these eyes.
These results suggest that alteration of the biochemical changes in the extracellular matrix occurring after filtering surgery may influence the success of this surgery.
Multifocal Corneal Topographic Changes After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Moreira Hamilton , Garbus Jenny J , Lee Martha , Fasano Armand , McDonnell Peter J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Quantitative analysis of the central corneal refractive powers of both eyes of three patients demonstrated that, after radial keratotomy, the corneas tended to have a greater range of refractive powers than preoperatively, and that the corneas with a multifocal effect had a wider distribution of refractive powers than the corneas of eyes without this effect. It may be possible to intentionally achieve a multifocal lens effect by designing a refractive procedure to predictably widen the distribution of central corneal refractive powers.
Anterior Capsular Opacification After Endocapsular Cataract Surgery
Authors: Hara Tsutomu , Azuma Noriyuki , Chiba Keizo , Ueda Yashihiko , Hara Takako 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The central parts of the opacified anterior capsules of nine eyes of nine patients after endocapsular phacoemulsification followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were removed after an average postoperative period of 25 months and examined by light and electron microscopy. The opacified materials were judged to be collagen. Transmission electron microscopy revealed fibers 50 to 60 nm in diameter, with approximately 65-nanometer periodic bands in five of the nine eyes. Most remaining cells showed multilayered proliferation and were rich in cytoplasmic microtubules and surface dendrites. These results indicate that postoperative anterior capsular opacification is composed of fibroblast-like cells, presumably transformed from lens epithelial cells and collagen.
"Vertical Slat" Chalazion Excision
Authors: Goldberg Robert Alan , Shorr Norman 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a technique of chalazion excision in which multiple vertical incisions spaced approximately 1 mm apart are used to provide wide exposure of the chalazion. The entire extent of lipogranulomatous tissue can be excised under direct visualization, sparing normal tissues. No tarsoconjunctival tissue is extirpated. The vertical slats heal quickly, and horizontal incisions, which may cut across meibomian glands, are avoided.
Prospective Evaluation of the Argon Laser in the Treatment of Trichiasis
Authors: Gossman M Douglas , Yung Rudy , Berlin A Jan , Brightwell Joseph R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the results of argon-laser treatment in 60 consecutive eyelids with focal, symptomatic trichiasis. Permanence of eyelash destruction compared favorably with that reported for cryosurgery; complications were limited to minimal contour abnormalities and hypopigmentation.
Combined No-Stitch Phacoemulsification Cataract Extraction With Foldable Silicone Intraocular Implant and Holmium Laser Sclerostomy Followed by 5-FU Injections
Authors: Terry Stuart 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to overcome some of the problems associated with combined cataract extraction and glaucoma filtration surgery, we attempted a new combined procedure: a small-incision phacoemulsification cataract removal with placement of a silicone foldable implant and no-stitch closure combined with a holmium laser sclerostomy in an adjacent quadrant, followed by injections of 5-fluorouracil.
Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Chamber Depth Before and After Extracapsular Cataract Extraction With Posterior Chamber Lens Implantation
Authors: Steuhl K P , Marahrens P , Frohn C , Frohn A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Long-term intraocular pressure UOP) was evaluated in 41 glaucoma patients after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with posterior chamber lens (PCIOL) implantation. All patients were initially monitored for a mean of 19 days. Eight failed to return for reexamination, but follow up of the other 33 continued for a mean of 12 months. IOP dropped significantly and the need for medication was reduced in all patients (particularly in those with open-angle glaucoma and prior iridotomy and iris suturing). The reduction in pressure remained significant in patients with simple or exfoliation glaucoma even after longterm observation. Pressure also significantly dropped in patients who had undergone previous ophthalmic surgery. The pressure drop was possibly due to a surgical deepening of the chamber angle. (Using the laser tomographic scanner, we found the same phenomenon in 50 patients without glaucoma: following ECCE/PC-IOL, the anterior chamber angle widened 9.3 ± 4.3°.)
Transconjunctival Surgery
Authors: Silkiss Rona Z , Carroll Richard P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Transconjunctival surgery provides excellent exposure of the inferior orbit, leaves no visible scar, and poses less risk of the complications typically associated with transcutaneous techniques. The transconjunctival approach can be combined with lateral canthal techniques to increase exposure and surgical options. We review applications of the transconjunctival approach in blepharoplasty, the repair of orbital floor fractures, socket reconstruction, inferior orbital tumor excision, and orbital decompression.
Punctal Dyeing: An Adjunct to Intraoperative Lacrimal Punctal Identification
Authors: Ong Keith S , Bank Allan , Francis Ian C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During lid operations, identifying the lacrimal punctum is sometimes difficult. The difficulty may be increased following local anesthetic infiltration into the medial canthus and manipulation of the lid tissues. Punctal dyeing with a skin marking pen is a simple technique that improves visualization of the lacrimal punctum during surgery in this region. Preceded by punctal dilatation, it lasts for the duration of standard lid or lacrimal procedures.
Transsclerally-Fixated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Implants Without Capsular Support in Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Hill John C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The results of 36 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty with transscleral fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens are reviewed. A 13.75millimeter "Reviens," which has the configuration of an open-loop anterior chamber lens, was used in all of the cases and gave good stability in the ciliary sulcus. The 10-0 Prolene sutures used to secure the implants were burrowed through the sclera and exited sufficiently far from the limbus to be adequately covered by Tenon's capsule and conjunctiva. No sutures eroded through the conjunctiva or needed to be removed. Two grafts became opaque, one from rejection and the other from uncontrolled glaucoma. No vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment occurred. Ten patients (27.8%) had cystoid macular edema diagnosed either before or after surgery; three had age-related macular degeneration; and two had traumatic macular scars. Sixteen eyes (44.4%) had final visual acuities of 20/40 or better and 25 (69.4%) saw 20/200 or better. Mean follow up was 16.8 months (range, 9 to 36 months).
Intraocular Pressure Level in Glaucomatous and Nonglaucomatous Eyes After Complicated Cataract Surgery and Implantation of an AC-IOL
Authors: Bergman Mervi , Laatikainen Leila 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects of a semiflexible, one-piece, open-loop anterior-chamber intraocular lens (AC-IOL) implanted after intracapsular or extracapsular cataract extraction complicated by posterior-capsular or zonular rupture on intraocular pressure (IOP) level and the control of previous glaucoma were studied in 48 eyes with primary implantation and in 10 eyes with secondary implantation. Fifty-four percent of the eyes with primary implantation had exfoliation syndrome; anterior vitrectomy was performed in 60.4%.
An immediate pressure rise (IOP ≥30 mm Hg) was observed in 29.3% of the eyes. The long-term IOP level (median follow up, 21.5 months) was ≥20 mm Hg in 83.7% and between 21 and 29 mm Hg in the remaining 16.3%. In three of the nine glaucomatous eyes, the medication had to be increased; in the remaining six, the IOP could be controlled with the previous or reduced medication or with none at all. In three out of the 49 (6.1%) nonglaucomatous eyes, glaucoma medication was started during the follow up. All of these eyes had exfoliation syndrome and two of the fellow eyes had similar IOPs and were receiving similar medication.
The results indicate that the semiflexible, openloop AC-IOL has little effect on IOP and seems to be a safe alternative, even in glaucomatous eyes, if a posterior chamber lens cannot be used.
Direct Scleral Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses Using a Special Needle-Holder
Authors: Vajpayee Rasik B , Angra Surinder K , Sandramouli S , Rewari Rajeev 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a modified technique of direct scleral fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) using a specially designed intraocular needle-holder. The procedure was carried out in three eyes with posttraumatic subluxated cataracts; one with aphakic bullous keratopathy and with an accidental posterior capsular rent, and one with a superior zonulodialysis. The needle-holder greatly facilitated the procedure, enabling us to place the PC-IOL precisely in the ciliary sulcus with no subsequent decentration. This method avoids iris fixation and provides more secure scleral fixation of the PC-IOL.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Reproducibility of the Nidek EAS-1000 Anterior Eye Segment Analysis System
Authors: Baez Karin A , Orengo Silvia , Gandham Sai , Spaeth George L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The NIDEK EAS-1000 is a camera and computer system designed to facilitate measurement and analysis of the anterior segment of the eye. To evaluate the interobserver reproducibility of the system, three examiners assessed the anterior chamber depth and peripheral angle measurement in 20 disease-free eyes. Intraobserver reproducibility was determined by each investigator's photographing and analyzing the same eye on three different occasions. Interobserver correlation for the anterior chamber depth (using the first three readings of the same eye made by each examiner) was 0.97, with an 95% CI of 0.94 to 0.98. Interobserver correlation for angle measurement (again using the first three readings of the same eye made by each examiner) was 0.89, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.81 to 0.95. Intraobserver correlations for anterior chamber depth were 0.98 for each of the three examiners (mean, 0.98), with a 95% CI of 0.91 to 0.99. Intraobserver correlations for anterior chamber depth were 0.98 for each of the three examiners (mean, 0.98), with a 95% CI of 0.91 to 0.99. The intraobserver CI for angle measurement was 0.97 (range, 0.95 to 0.99). The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of the NIDEK EAS-1000 system was excellent.