bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Excess Postexercise Leucine Ingestion on Markers of Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle of Older Men
Authors: D'Lugos Andrew , Reidy Paul , Gundermann David , Borack Michael , Volpi Elena , Rasmussen Blake , Dickinson Jared 
Published: June 2021

The goal of this study was to observe the role of excess post exercise leucine ingestion on the autophagy system in skeletal muscle following resistance exercise (RE) in old adults over a 24h time course. Older men performed a bout of RE and at 1h postexercise ingested 10g of essential amino acids (EAA) containing a leucine content similar to high quality protein (CTRL, 1.8g leucine, n=7) or excess leucine (LEU, 3.5g leucine, n=8). Western blot (protein) and RT‐qPCR (mRNA expression) were used to examine markers of autophagy in skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) biopsies obtained at rest and at 2, 5, and 24h postexercise. Relative to basal values, mRNA expression of Beclin1 was increased (1.3 fold) in both groups at 5h and 24h post exercise (P<0.05). BNIP3 expression was increased (~1.3 fold) only in LEU at 5h (P<0.05). GABARAP mRNA expression was unchanged in both groups and at all time points (P>0.05). LC3BI protein increased at 5h post exercise for both groups (P<0.05), whereas LC3BII was unchanged (P>0.05). The ratio of LC3BII/LC3BI was reduced in both groups at all time points postexercise (P<0.05), which is associated with a decrease in autophagic flux. These data indicate that autophagy may be reduced in skeletal muscle following the combination of RE and EAA ingestion and that markers associated with autophagy in the skeletal muscle of older men do not appear to be influenced by excess postexercise leucine ingestion.NIAMS R01AR049877, NIA P30AG024832, NIH T32HD07539, NCATS UL1TR000071
Predictors of angina resolution after percutaneous coronary intervention in stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Verreault-Julien Louis , Bhatt Deepak L. , Jung Richard G. , Di Santo Pietro , Simard Trevor , Avram Robert , Hibbert Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

Background
Elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed to relieve symptoms of angina. Identifying patients who will benefit symptomatically after PCI would be clinically advantageous but robust predictors of symptom resolution are ill-defined.

Methods
Prospective indexing of baseline angina status, clinical, and procedural characteristics were collected over a 5-year period in a regional revascularization registry. At 1-year follow-up, angina resolution was assessed. We performed a stepwise selection algorithm to identify predictors of persistent angina at 1 year.

Results
A total of 777 patients were included in the analysis and the median follow-up was 387 days. Mean age of the cohort was 66.6 years, 23.8% were female and 23.3% had baseline Canadian Cardiovascular Society class 3 or 4 angina. Overall, 13.1% had persistent angina. The only predictor of persistent angina was the presence of a residual chronic total occlusion after PCI with odds ratio of 3.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.81–5.17). Residual stenoses 50–69%, 70–89%, and 90–99% were not associated with residual angina after PCI.

Conclusion
Most patients achieved symptom resolution with PCI and optimal medical therapy. A residual chronic total occlusion after PCI was associated with persistent angina. Other degrees of stenoses were not associated with persistent angina.
Growing use of home enteral nutrition: a great tool in nutrition practice toolbox
Authors: Mohamed Elfadil Osman , Ewy Matthew , Patel Jalpan , Patel Ishani , Mundi Manpreet S. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
Home enteral nutrition (HEN) is a well-established practical nutrition therapy tool that is typically managed by an interdisciplinary team. Prevalence of HEN is increasing across the globe given significant evidence for utility, feasibility, efficacy, safety, and reliability of HEN in helping patients meeting their nutrition needs. The current review highlights the growing use of HEN in the context of what is novel in the field including trends in HEN practice with regards to tubes and connectors, feeding formula and real food blends, and common complications. The review also highlights that the use of HEN is expected to expand further over coming years emphasizing the need for national consensus recommendations and guidelines for HEN management.

Recent findings
The growing use of HEN has always been parallel to adoption of holistic definitions and concept of malnutrition in clinical nutrition practice and more understanding of the need for malnutrition risk stratification, meeting unmet needs in practice and addressing challenges that lead to suboptimal enteral nutrition.

Summary
Research and advancements in technology as well as in tube feeding formula industry have led to the development of more solutions and have helped identify and implement best HEN practices.
Contact probing of prestressed adhesive membranes of living cells
Authors: Borodich Feodor M. , Galanov Boris A. , Keer Leon M. , Suarez-Alvarez Maria M. 
Published: June 2021

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of living biological cells is one of main experimental tools that enable quantitative measurements of deformation of the cells and extraction of information about their structural and mechanical properties. However, proper modelling of AFM probing and related adhesive contact problems are of crucial importance for interpretation of experimental data. The Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) theory of adhesive contact has often been used as a basis for modelling of various phenomena including cell-cell interactions. However, strictly speaking the original JKR theory is valid only for contact of isotropic linearly elastic spheres, while the cell membranes are often prestressed. For the first time, effects caused by molecular adhesion for living cells are analytically studied taking into account the mechanical properties of cell membranes whose stiffness depends on the level of the tensile prestress. Another important question is how one can extract the work of adhesion between the probe and the cell. An extended version of the Borodich-Galanov method for non-direct extraction of elastic and adhesive properties of contacted materials is proposed to apply to experiments of cell probing. Evidently, the proposed models of adhesive contact for cells with prestressed membranes do not cover all types of biological cells because the structure and properties of the cells may vary considerably. However, the obtained results can be applied to many types of smooth cells and can be used to describe initial stages of contact and various other processes when effects of adhesion are of crucial importance.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘A cracking approach to inventing new tough materials: fracture stranger than friction’.
Pattern formation in drying blood drops
Authors: Hertaeg Michael. J. , Tabor Rico F. , Routh Alexander F. , Garnier Gil 
Published: June 2021

Patterns in dried droplets are commonly observed as rings left after spills of dirty water or coffee have evaporated. Patterns are also seen in dried blood droplets and the patterns have been shown to differ from patients afflicted with different medical conditions. This has been proposed as the basis for a new generation of low-cost blood diagnostics. Before these diagnostics can be widely used, the underlying mechanisms leading to pattern formation in these systems must be understood. We analyse the height profile and appearance of dispersions prepared with red blood cells (RBCs) from healthy donors. The red cell concentrations and diluent were varied and compared with simple polystyrene particle systems to identify the dominant mechanistic variables. Typically, a high concentration of non-volatile components suppresses ring formation. However, RBC suspensions display a greater volume of edge deposition when the red cell concentration is higher. This discrepancy is caused by the consolidation front halting during drying for most blood suspensions. This prevents the standard horizontal drying mechanism and leads to two clearly defined regions in final crack patterns and height profile.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘A cracking approach to inventing new tough materials: fracture stranger than friction’.
COMPARATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY OF BNT162b2 mRNA VACCINE WITH NATURAL COVID-19 INFECTION
Authors: Psichogiou Mina , Karabinis Andreas , Poulakou Garyphallia , Antoniadou Anastasia , Kotanidou Anastasia , Degiannis Dimitrios , Pavlopoulou Ioanna D. , Chaidaroglou Antigoni , Roussos Sotirios , Mastrogianni Elpida , Eliadi Irene , Basoulis Dimitrios , Petsios Konstantinos , Leontis Konstantinos , Kakkalou Eleni , Protopapas Konstantinos , Jahaj Edison , Pratikaki Maria , Syrigos Konstantinos N. , Lagiou Pagona , Gogas Helen , Tsiodras Sotirios , Magiorkinis Gkikas , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Sypsa Vana , Hatzakis Angelos 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 has proven highly effective and currently many millions are being vaccinated. There are limited and conflicting data from immunogenicity studies on the effects of age, gender, vaccination side effects (VSE), risk factors for severe COVID-19 (RFS-COV), obesity (BMI) and previous SARS-CoV-2 (Pr-CoV) Moreover, immunogenicity data from COVID-19 patients comparing various disease categories of natural infection i.e. asymptomatic vs mild vs moderate vs severe infection are sparse, and include limited number of individuals.This study included 871 vaccinated health care workers (HCW) and 181 patients with natural infection. Immunogenicity was assessed by a quantative assay measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 against the RBD domain of the spike protein (anti-RBD) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 against nucleocapsid protein (anti-N). Samples were collected 1-2 weeks after completion of the 2nd dose in the vaccinated HCWs and 15-59 days post symptoms onset in patients with natural infection.The concentration of anti-RBD in vaccinated individuals after multivariable analysis was significantly associated with age, gender, VSE and Pr-CoV. Specifically, anti-RBD median levels (95% CI) were lower by 2,466 (651-5,583), 6,228 (3,254-9,203) and 7,651 (4,479-10,823) AU/ml in 35-44, 45-54, 55-70 yrs respectively, compared with 18-34 yrs group. In females, median levels of anti-RBD were higher by 2,823 (859-4,787) compared with males, in individuals with VSE were higher by 5,024 (3,122-6,926) compared with no VSE, and in HCWs with Pr-CoV were higher by 9,971 (5,158-14,783) AU/ml compared with HCWs without Pr-CoV.Among individuals with natural infection, the median anti-RBD levels were 14.8 times higher in patients with critical COVID-19 infection compared with non-hospitalized individuals. The ratio of anti-RBD in vaccinated individuals versus those with natural infection varied from 1.0 up to 19.4 according to the clinical subgroup of natural infection.This study proves the high immunogenicity of BNT162b2 vaccine although its sustainability remains to be seen. The use of comparative data from natural infection serological panels, expressing the clinical heterogeneity of natural infection may facilitate early decisions for vaccine evaluation in clinical trials.
Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mirmosayyeb Omid , Ebrahimi Narges , Barzegar Mahdi , Afshari-Safavi Alireza , Bagherieh Sara , Shaygannejad Vahid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesOlfactory dysfunction is a major comorbidity observed in patients with multiple sclerosis, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients.MethodWe searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI scores) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included; however, articles published before 1990 and after the end of 2020 were excluded.ResultsThe literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. two abstract conference papers were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. (95% CI: [19.7%, 35.4%]) Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group (SMD=-1.00; 95% CI: [−1.44, −0.56]), and the level of Threshold (SMD= −0.47; 95% CI: [−0.75, −0.19]), Discrimination (SMD=-0.53; 95% CI: [−0.96, −0.10]), and Identification (SMD=-1.02; 95% CI: [−1.36, −0.68]) per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively.ConclusionThe results of this systematic review shows that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.
The cardiac STAT3 intercalated disc specific expression in tail suspension rat
Authors: Dongyu He , Aihua Hu , Jun Tong , Chang Zheng , Yiming Liu , Zhibin Chen , Lingfeng Gao , Yang Wang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe cardiovascular system is significantly agitated by loss of gravity. In microgravity, the body fluids shift toward the thoracic cavity, induced the heart becomes more spherical. This further increased the cardiac preload with an increasing of transmural central venous pressure, affects the right heart ventricles to tolerating the enhanced preload on the right ventricular wall.MethodIn this study we investigated the rat right ventricle remodeling in simulating persistent microgravity by using tail-suspension model, examined the remolding of the heart and the specific STAT3 expression in right heart myocardium.ResultThe results indicated that microgravity induced heart remodeling included a significant increasing of the ventricular weight in the left. However, the right ventricle was not increased significantly in the microgravity simulation rats. The histological study demonstrated that the outstanding development on right ventricular wall which included the gap junction remodeling and STAT3 signaling protein specific accumulation in the right ventricles.ConclusionThe results existed that the right cardiac ventricle has a distinctive remodeling process during microgravity simulation which was not the muscular hypertrophy and relative weight increasing, but manifested the STAT3 accumulation and the electrical gap junction remodeling. The effect of microgravity induced right ventricle remodeling and the STAT3 specific accumulation can be used for multi-purpose research.
Brain-based learning research for adult education and human resource development
Authors: Jang Chang Sung , Lim Doo Hun , You Jieun , Cho Sungbum 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to reveal how research on brain-based learning (BBL) addressing adult learners’ education and training issues has contributed to the overall knowledge base linking neuroscience, adult education and human resource development (HRD) research and practices. Through this comprehensive review of the BBL studies, this paper aims to expand the landscape of understanding educational phenomenon in adult education and organizational settings using the lens of neuroscience.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the content analysis method, this study extracts key research themes and methodological choices from the body of BBL studies. In addition, this paper explores the relationships and proximity among key concepts of BBL research using keyword network analysis. For data analysis, this study reviews the current literature on BBL addressing both adult education and HRD topics from 1985 to 2019.

Findings
The findings of this study provide a clearer picture of the potential mechanisms of BBL approaches observed in the literature of adult education and HRD. What has been found from the thematic analysis is that addressing misconceptions about the neuroscience of learning is regarded as an important topic. In terms of the methodological approaches, the literature review was a dominantly used method, whereas experimental or quantitative research has yet to be fully performed. Influential keywords and topics obtained from the keyword network analysis reveal the primary foci and structural patterns of current BBL research.

Originality/value
This study makes a significant contribution to theories and research in adult education and HRD scholarship as it provides an integrative view of key research themes and major issues about BBL. Additionally, our findings offer practical insights for adult educators and HR professionals to successfully apply neuroscientific approaches.
Numerical simulation and microchannels parameters optimization for thermal management of GaN HEMT devices
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Xia Guodong , Li Ran , Ma Dandan , Zhou Wenbin , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to satisfy the thermal management of gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices, microchannel-cooling is designed and optimized in this work.

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical simulation is performed to analyze the thermal and flow characteristics of microchannels in combination with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is used to optimize the microchannels parameters. The design variables include width and number of microchannels, and the optimization objectives are to minimize total thermal resistance and pressure drop under constant volumetric flow rate.

Findings
In optimization process, a decrease in pressure drop contributes to increase of thermal resistance leading to high junction temperature and vice versa. And the Pareto-optimal front, which is a trade-off curve between optimization objectives, is obtained by MOEA method. Finally, K-means clustering algorithm is carried out on Pareto-optimal front, and three representative points are proposed to verify the accuracy of the model.

Originality/value
Each design variable on the effect of two objectives and distribution of temperature is researched. The relationship between minimum thermal resistance and pressure drop is provided which can give some fundamental direction for microchannels design in GaN HEMT devices cooling.
Overconfidence and credit risk-taking in microfinance institutions: a cross-regional analysis
Authors: Fersi Marwa , Boujelbène Mouna 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of loan officers’ overconfidence on risk-taking decision and solvency performance measured by z-scores in the context of Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions (MFIs).

Design/methodology/approach
A random effect generalized least square regression was applied to examine the effect of overconfidence on credit risk-taking. The data set covers 326 conventional MFIs and 57 Islamic MFIs in six different regions over the period of 2005–2015.

Findings
Overconfidence proxies have shown through high loan growth, low-interest margin and loan loss provision reveal negative consequences on risk-exposures for both MFIs averagely. The loan officer’s overconfidence is significantly and positively related to the risk-taking decision, and thus, a lower loan portfolio quality. Besides, loan officers’ risk-taking behaviour harms these institutions’ solvency performance.

Originality/value
This paper makes an initial attempt to evaluate the effect of overconfidence behavioural bias on risk-taking decisions and its implication on the MFIs solvency and sustainability.
Interdependent creativity for learning in a virtual world
Authors: Gadille Martine , Impedovo Maria Antonietta , Rémon Josephine , Corvasce Caroline 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how the creativity of pupils and teachers is nurtured through the use of a virtual world (VW) within a sociotechnical network affecting pupils’ learning in a pilot secondary school.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is the result of a pluri-disciplinary systemic analysis involving didactics, sociology, psychology and management science on an individual, collective and systemic scale. This participatory action research is based on interviews and systematic observations in class, in-world and in the global ecosystem. Linguistic and multimodal analysis is applied to the data, through teacher monographs that hint at the teachers’ activity.FindingsPupils’ and teachers’ creativity appeared to be anchored within four main interdependent nurturing conditions the personal inclinations and professional interactions in the sociotechnical network sustaining the VW; a creative regulation allowing compromises with the institutional constraints of pedagogical control; avatars and 3 D boundary objects that act as a motor of teachers-pupils inquiry and creativity; the sociotechnical network that contributes, through the actors’ play, to bringing the organisational rules of the school towards an innovation trajectory, that in turns mediates success in the use and the adoption of the new technology.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this is a study within a specific school, the findings can be put to use by other pedagogical teams who would wish to integrate a VW to re-engage pupils.Practical implicationsThe participatory design processes taking place within a sociotechnical network support teachers in the building of Virtual World scenarios negotiated with researchers and start-up developers.Social implicationsThe pedagogical use of a virtual world opens new learning engagement opportunities for the pupils through enhanced experiential learning and sustains the transformation of teachers’ professionality.Originality/valueThe authors’ approach differs from the previous educational VW literature, in that they integrate the teachers’ creativity and their pedagogical scripts into their study, within a systemic approach, thus requiring a wider theoretical framework, necessary for understanding the building of strategies and knowledge that foster teachers’ and pupils’ creativity in educational settings using a VW.
Visual identity of cities: designers’ tools and meanings
Authors: Sarmento Teresa , Quelhas-Brito Pedro 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to identify and compare the graphical shapes and meanings attributed to place/city by the designer/creative/author of a city visual identity (VI) and by the client and designer’s peers.

Design/methodology/approach
To identify and compare the graphical shapes and meanings attributed to place/city by the designer/creative/author of a city VI and by the client and designer’s peers.

Findings
This paper analysed the way the visual culture of different stakeholders influenced the process and the construction of the iconographic meanings. Secondly, this paper assessed how the design tools impacted the creative process in that specific context.

Practical implications
A demanding involvement of more participants in the design process can be worthy for a VI outcome. Visual identity of a city is both designer’s creative as a political process. The several aesthetical options decisions implied adaptation, trade-offs and negotiations.

Originality/value
This research explains how the design tools and forms were used in the creative process of designers when conceiving the VI of a place. This research also reveals how a design work can have an effective impact on the sensory qualities emanating from city brands which are recognized by tourists and citizens. The consideration of the designer’s tools makes a relevant contribution to understand some underlying procedural issues.