bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Carnivoran Adaptive Landscape Reveals Trade-offs among Functional Traits in the Skull, Appendicular, and Axial Skeleton
Authors: Law C J , Hlusko L J , Tseng Z J 
Published: January 2025

Synopsis
Analyses of form–function relationships are widely used to understand links between morphology, ecology, and adaptation across macroevolutionary scales. However, few have investigated functional trade-offs and covariance within and between the skull, limbs, and vertebral column simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the adaptive landscape of skeletal form and function in carnivorans to test how functional trade-offs among these skeletal regions contribute to ecological adaptations and the topology of the landscape. We found that morphological proxies of function derived from carnivoran skeletal regions exhibit trade-offs and covariation across their performance surfaces, particularly in the appendicular and axial skeletons. These functional trade-offs and covariation correspond as adaptations to different adaptive landscapes when optimized by various factors including phylogeny, dietary ecology, and, in particular, locomotor mode. Lastly, we found that the topologies of the optimized adaptive landscapes and underlying performance surfaces are largely characterized as a single gradual gradient rather than as rugged, multipeak landscapes with distinct zones. Our results suggest that carnivorans may already occupy a broad adaptive zone as part of a larger mammalian adaptive landscape that masks the form and function relationships of skeletal traits.
Fewer Births in the Hunger Season: Family Planning, Birth Seasonality and Child Health in Kenya
Authors: Alidou Sahawal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of contraceptives may enable parents to better plan the timing of conception. At the same time, existing evidence shows that birth season can be critical for child survival and health in developing countries. Hence, I explore the extent to what family planning (FP) affects birth seasonality, and if these changes (provided there are any) translate into a reduction of the proportion of births in specific periods of the year that are detrimental to child outcomes. To do so, I use five Demographic and Health Survey rounds data from Kenya, a country that is regarded as one of the leading nations in FP in Africa. First, the third quarter of the year seems to be the most detrimental to child outcomes in the country, most probably because it contains the longest part of the hunger season and corresponds to a period of higher food price. Second, I find that the use of modern contraceptives significantly reduces the likelihood of giving birth in the third quarter of the year. These findings shed light on fertility timing as a potential mechanism through which FP may positively impact on child health, beyond birth spacing and longer breastfeeding, which are the most common explanations.
Genome-wide analysis of Flavobacterium strain YJ01 demonstrates abundant enzymes synergistically degrade diverse nature carbohydrates
Authors: Yang Jiang-Ke , Ding Meng-Yao , Hu Yu-Ting , Hong Xi-Zhi , Han Zheng-Gang , Lei Lei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Flavobacterium strains are widely distributed in various environments and generally exhibit specialized roles in the degradation of complex organic substrates. To obtain a deeper understanding of their enzyme profiles, patterns of action on natural carbohydrates degradation, and to mine gene resources for biomass conversion.

Methods and results
We sequenced the whole genome of a novel carbohydrate-degrading Flavobacterium sp. strain YJ01. The genome size of strain YJ01 was 5.48 Mb and encoded 4674 predicted genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed Flavobacterium strains were characterized by the presence of abundant genes associated with catalytic activity and metabolic processes, especially carbohydrate metabolism. About 9% of genes of strain YJ01 encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes. These enzymes can act on various complex natural and cellular carbohydrates. The synergistic effect of the enzymes on the hydrolysis of complex natural polysaccharides was further experimentally evidenced by using starch and xylan as substrates, in which the degradation rate of an enzyme combination was ~10-fold higher than that of the single enzyme.

Conclusions
Flavobacterium sp. strain YJ01 has a high degree of catalytic and metabolic activity toward carbohydrates, and it harbors abundant, complete, and efficient enzymes for mediating complex polysaccharide degradation. These enzymes, acting synergistically on complex substrates, greatly improved the efficiency of digestion, which may be associated with the extensive ecological adaptability of Flavobacterium, which genetically heterologous divergent from extremely environments origin Flavobacterium strains.
Flavuside B exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in Staphylococcus aureus infected skin wound and affect the expression of genes controlling bacterial quorum sensing
Authors: Chingizova Ekaterina A , Yurchenko Ekaterina A , Starnovskaya Sofya S , Chingizov Artur R , Kuzmich Aleksandra S , Pislyagin Evgeny A , Vasilchenko Alexey S , Poshvina Darya V , Shilovsky Gregory A , Dibrova Daria V , Aminin Dmitry L , Yurchenko Anton N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of marine fungal cerebroside flavuside B (FlaB) on Staphylococcus aureus-infected keratinocytes in in vitro skin wounds and to identify FlaB targets in bacterial and human cells.

Methods and results
A combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), plate spectrofluorimetry, and flow cytometry with fluorescence dye staining, scratch assay, and real-time cell imaging techniques was used to investigate the effects of FlaB on S. aureus-infected HaCaT keratinocytes. FlaB decreased reactive oxygen species levels, nitrite oxide levels, and TNF-α and IL-18 release in S. aureus-infected HaCaT cells. FlaB reversed the inhibition of HaCaT cell proliferation caused by S. aureus infection. FlaB significantly increased keratinocyte migration and wound healing in an in vitro S. aureus-infected wound skin model. Using real-time qPCR, we found that FlaB caused a 1.7-fold reduction in agrA expression, which controls quorum sensing system in S. aureus. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking, together with experimental data, suggest that FlaB targets the pro/antioxidant defense system in human cells.

Conclusions
Thus, FlaB can play a dual role as an antibacterial and pro/antioxidant machinery modulator, providing an observable positive effect in S. aureus-infected in vitro skin wounds. Staphylococcal sortase A enzyme and Arg systems are the targets of FlaB in bacterial cells. Nrf2/Bach1 dependent pro/antioxidant defense system is a target of FlaB in human cells. Some suggestions have also been made regarding the biological role of this marine fungal metabolite and its therapeutic possibilities.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Capture the human pathogen, Candida albicans, in blood and Delay Hyphal Transformation
Authors: Sakuma Miyuki , Viens Adam , Hopke Alex , Floyd Daniel John , Ghebremichael Musie , Mansour Michael K , Irimia Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In tissues, neutrophils neutralize Candida albicans through phagocytosis and delay C. albicans hyphae growth by deploying neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, in the bloodstream, the dynamic interactions between NETs and C. albicans are far less understood. Here, we employ a microfluidic assay and measure a significant increase in intact NETs in blood within 3 hours after adding C. albicans yeast or hyphae. We show that C. albicans yeast can be captured efficiently on NETs, thereby delaying the transition to hyphal growth. We measure higher amounts of intact NETs in blood samples from invasive candidiasis patients compared to healthy participants, both with and without stimulation. These findings suggest that both C. albicans yeast and hyphae in the bloodstream stimulate NET release, potentially aiding in their removal from the blood.
Childbirth after cancer among 42 896 male adolescents and young adults: a population-based study
Authors: Murphy Caitlin C , Wang Jennifer S , Betts Andrea C , Lupo Philip J , Shay L Aubree , Allicock Marlyn A , Kirk Caroline L , Pruitt Sandi L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Few studies have examined childbirth and adverse perinatal outcomes among male adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs, diagnosed at age 15-39 years). We conducted a population-based assessment of these outcomes in a large, diverse sample.

Methods
Male AYAs diagnosed between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2015, were identified using the Texas Cancer Registry and linked to live birth certificates and the Texas Birth Defects Registry through December 31, 2016. Cumulative incidence of live birth after diagnosis was estimated. Log binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence of preterm birth (&lt;37 weeks), low birth weight (&lt;2500 g), small for gestational age (&lt;10th percentile), and any birth defect among liveborn offspring of male AYAs compared with age-, race-, and ethnicity-matched men without cancer.

Results
We identified 42 896 male AYAs, among whom germ cell cancers (20.0%) were the most common. There were 9686 live births to 6833 male AYAs after diagnosis. Cumulative incidence of live birth was 18.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.6% to 18.4%) at 10 years after diagnosis. Ten-year cumulative incidence differed by cancer type (P &lt; .01) and was highest for thyroid (27.6%, 95% CI = 25.4% to 29.9%) but lowest for gastrointestinal (9.6%, 95% CI = 8.1% to 10.6%) cancer. Prevalence of preterm birth (8.9% vs 8.0%, P = .02) and low birth weight (6.0% vs 5.3%, P = .02) was higher for liveborn offspring of male AYAs compared with men without cancer. There was no difference in prevalence of birth defects (4.9% vs 4.8%, P = .64).

Conclusion
Our findings underscore the continued importance of reproductive counseling for AYAs.
Talking about problems in online health communities: examining verbal rumination over time and in conjunction with co-rumination
Authors: Rains Stephen A , Carter Shelby N , Ross Levi S , Suarez Michelle I 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drawing from theory about rumination, we examine the impact of verbal rumination over time and in conjunction with co-rumination in online health communities. Our analyses show that when users verbally ruminated in a message starting a thread (compared to when they did not), they were more likely to again verbally ruminate and to report a negative mood in the next thread they started. These relationships, however, varied over time as well as when other community members co-ruminated. When co-rumination from stronger ties or weaker ties in the community was present in responses (compared to when co-rumination was absent), users were less likely to continue engaging in verbal rumination. Users were also less likely to report a negative mood over time when co-rumination by stronger and weaker ties was present. This project advances our understanding of verbal rumination and co-rumination as communication phenomena in the context of online health communities.
The MAD Heuristic and the Nuclear Revolution
Authors: Kaufman Stuart J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How, why, and when nuclear deterrence works remains a puzzle. This article argues that a new theory, nuclear heuristics theory, explains the evidence better than existing explanations. An application of poliheuristic decision theory, nuclear heuristics theory posits that the main factor explaining the success of nuclear deterrence is the mutually assured destruction (MAD) heuristic, a decision-making shortcut that assumes that any nuclear war means MAD, even when capabilities fall short of the assured destruction level. Implications of the theory include the expectation that decision-makers never seriously consider nuclear preemption in a crisis, that the conventional military balance is important in determining the outcome of nuclear crises, and that the nuclear balance is not. This theory is tested against two existing theories, nuclear revolution theory and nuclear superiority theory. Evidence comes from a survey of the existing literature and a process-tracing analysis of US decision-making during the Cuban Missile Crisis based on transcripts of tape-recorded deliberations of President Kennedy's advisory executive committee. The evidence strongly supports nuclear heuristics theory: Leaders do speak and act in accordance with the MAD heuristic. Nuclear superiority theory is badly undermined.
Two cases of giant mucinous cystadenomas in postmenopausal women
Authors: Svetlana Shumarova , Semkov Anatoli , Karamisheva Vesela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mucinous ovarian cystadenomas are rare epithelial benign tumors that can reach significant sizes. They are often asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during an ultrasound examination. We present two clinical cases of mucinous ovarian cystadenomas with abdominal distention. Complicated variants can mimic an acute surgical abdomen and often require the involvement of a multidisciplinary team in operative treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance to prevent complications and malignancy.
Sexual function in pregnancy and postpartum: breaking the silence
Authors: El Fakahany Sohayla , El-Kak Faysal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Sexual function during pregnancy and the postpartum period is a complex component of maternal and couple health, and it’s deeply influenced by an intricate interplay of physiological, psychological, childbirth, and relational factors.

Aim
This review seeks to explore the nuanced dynamics of sexual function during pregnancy and the postpartum period, shedding light on both the challenges and opportunities for enhancing maternal and couple sexual well-being.

Methods
Drawing on a combination of existing scientific literature and extensive clinical experience, this expert opinion delves into the physiological transformations, psychological adjustments, and shifts in relational dynamics that accompany pregnancy and postpartum. It sheds light on the sexual experiences of partners and underscores the necessity of a holistic understanding of sexual health in this context.

Outcomes
The review offers an enhanced perspective on sexual function during pregnancy and postpartum and aims to contribute to a deeper and more nuanced understanding that can inform both clinical practice and future research.

Results
The results highlight that pregnancy and postpartum phases influence sexual function, with fluctuations in sexual desire and activity resulting from changes in physiological, psychological, and relational factors. Women experience a decline in sexual function, particularly during the third trimester, with factors, such as hormonal changes, body image concerns, and partner dynamics shaping sexual experiences across pregnancy and postpartum stages.

Clinical implications
A thorough understanding of sexual function throughout pregnancy and postpartum is critical for enhancing maternal and couple health and it creates pathways to more effective and compassionate care.

Strengths and limitations
The strengths of this review include the integration of scientific literature with clinical experience to provide a holistic view of sexual function. However, the limitations are the reliance on cross-sectional studies and the scarcity of data on couple sexual functioning.

Conclusion
Understanding the interplay of physiological and anatomical changes, psychological factors, and partner dynamics is crucial in addressing sexual function during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Quantifying the Evolutionary Dynamics of Structure and Content in Closely Related E. coli Genomes
Authors: Molari Marco , Shaw Liam P , Neher Richard A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bacterial genomes primarily diversify via gain, loss, and rearrangement of genetic material in their flexible accessory genome. Yet the dynamics of accessory genome evolution are very poorly understood, in contrast to the core genome where diversification is readily described by mutations and homologous recombination. Here, we tackle this problem for the case of very closely related genomes. We comprehensively describe genome evolution within n=222 genomes of Escherichia coli ST131, which likely shared a common ancestor around 100 years ago. After removing putative recombinant diversity, the total length of the phylogeny is 6,000 core genome substitutions. Within this diversity, we find 22 modifications to core genome synteny and estimate around 2,000 structural changes within the accessory genome, i.e. one structural change for every three core genome substitutions. Sixty-three percent of loci with structural diversity could be resolved into individual gain and loss events with 10-fold more gains than losses, demonstrating a dominance of gains due to insertion sequences and prophage integration. Our results suggest the majority of synteny changes and insertions in our dataset are likely deleterious and only persist for a short time before being removed by purifying selection.
cIMPACT-NOW update 9: Recommendations on utilization of genome-wide DNA methylation profiling for central nervous system tumor diagnostics
Authors: Aldape Kenneth , Capper David , von Deimling Andreas , Giannini Caterina , Gilbert Mark R , Hawkins Cynthia , Hench Jürgen , Jacques Thomas S , Jones David , Louis David N , Mueller Sabine , Orr Brent A , Nasrallah MacLean , Pfister Stefan M , Sahm Felix , Snuderl Matija , Solomon David , Varlet Pascale , Wesseling Pieter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Genome-wide DNA methylation signatures correlate with and distinguish central nervous system (CNS) tumor types. Since the publication of the initial CNS tumor DNA methylation classifier in 2018, this platform has been increasingly used as a diagnostic tool for CNS tumors, with multiple studies showing the value and utility of DNA methylation-based classification of CNS tumors. A Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) Working Group was therefore convened to describe the current state of the field and to provide advice based on lessons learned to date. Here, we provide recommendations for the use of DNA methylation-based classification in CNS tumor diagnostics, emphasizing the attributes and limitations of the modality. We emphasize that the methylation classifier is one diagnostic tool to be used alongside previously established diagnostic tools in a fully integrated fashion. In addition, we provide examples of the inclusion of DNA methylation data within the layered diagnostic reporting format endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. We emphasize the need for backward compatibility of future platforms to enable accumulated data to be compatible with new versions of the array. Finally, we outline the specific connections between methylation classes and CNS WHO tumor types to aid in the interpretation of classifier results. It is hoped that this update will assist the neuro-oncology community in the interpretation of DNA methylation classifier results to facilitate the accurate diagnosis of CNS tumors and thereby help guide patient management.
Fast water transport and ionic sieving in ultrathin stacked nanoporous 2D membranes
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Zhang Xiaoming , Yu Zehua , Gao Yuyan , Lu Qingqing , Ma Chao , Liu Kang , Yuan Quan , Yang Yanbing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Atomically thin nanoporous 2D membranes, featuring unique sieving characteristics for molecules and ions, have significant potential for seawater desalination. However, they face a common trade-off between permeability and selectivity. Here, we report an ultrathin stacked nanoporous graphene membrane (SNGM) created by layering atomically thin graphene nanomesh. This design achieves highly efficient and selective sieving of water molecules and ions. The SNGMs showcase in-plane nanopores for optimal size-exclusive water input and output, and interlayer 2D nanochannels between adjacent graphene nanomesh membranes for rapid water transport and precise ion/molecular sieving. The resulting SNGMs effectively address the trade-off between water permeability and ion selectivity in conventional desalination membranes, delivering a water permeability of ∼ 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of commercial membranes, while maintaining a comparable ion rejection ratio (&gt;95% for NaCl). This advance marks a significant leap forward in adopting 2D nanoporous membranes for desalination technology.
A modeling study of cool surfaces and outdoor workers productivity at San Francisco International Airport
Authors: Alahmad Barrak , Isachsen Iona , Alwadi Yazan , Taha Haider , Bernheim Anthony , Cooke Erin , Wesley Elizabeth , Kats Gregory , Spengler John D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heat exposure in outdoor work environments poses risks to worker health and productivity. Engineering solutions like cool surfaces that increase surface albedo and reduce temperatures may help mitigate these impacts. We conducted detailed micrometeorological modeling to analyze surface characteristics and heat exposure for outdoor workers at San Francisco International Airport (SFO) under current conditions and three hypothetical albedo-increase scenarios. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was used to estimate potential productivity loss based on established relationships between heat stress and loss in physical work capacity. For the month of August 2020, we quantified possible gained hours of productivity per worker per month under each hypothetical albedo-increase scenario. Across the entire area of SFO, the average campus albedo was 0.20 (range: 0.08–0.85). Adopting low, moderate, and high albedo modifications for SFO would reduce peak midday WBGT by 0.89, 1.25, and 1.59 °C, respectively. The largest temperature reductions occurred during the morning shift (7 AM–3 PM). In one shift, we found a potential of 5.20, 7.16, and 8.95 h gained per worker over the entire month in the low, moderate, and high albedo modification scenarios, respectively.