bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate Boron Concentration Beneficial for Flue-cured Tobacco Seedlings Growth and Development
Authors: Li Mengxia , Deng Xiaopeng , Ren Ke , Liu Rui , Wang Tao , Ji Xinwei , He Chenggang , Li Yongzhong , Zou Congming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Boron (B) is a micronutrient tobacco needs in minute amounts, and Boron insufficient supply can causes significant tobacco yield loss, however, the appropriate concentration for flue-cured tobacco seedlings to growth remains unknown. In this sense, a hydroponic experiment was conduct to measure the agronomic traits, dry matter mass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance, antioxidant enzymes, boron ion and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco seedlings K326 under different boron concentrations of 0.000mmol/L (B1, CK), 0.125mmol/L (B2), 0.250mmol/L (B3), 0.750mmol/L (B4), 5.000mmol/L (B5), 10.000mmol/L (B6), 20.000mmol/L (B7), 40.000mmol/L (B8) after 30 days. B significantly influenced flue-tobacco seedlings growth on agronomic traits, photosynthetic performance, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, boron ion and nicotine content aspects. B linearly enhanced the accumulation of boron ion by 24.00%~96.44%, and decreased nicotine content by 21.60%~82.03% in tobacco seedlings. Solution B concentration at 0.750 and 5.000mmol/L markedly improved tobacco seedlings maximum leaf length by 4.83%~82.03% and leaf width by 0.77%~24.36%, root weight by 13.64%~56.82%, stem weight by 12.26%~52.36%, leaf weight by 9.68%~36.56%, dry matter mass by 10.65%~38.92%, the Pn parameter by 1.22%~80.28%, the Cond paramete by 33.40%~75.86%, while decreased the activities of SOD by 10.44%~91.67%, POD by 21.32%~65.62% and CAT by 50.05%~96.44%, and MDA by 16.23%~75.16%. The B concentration concluded in this study enhanced the agronomy traits, photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, which lays a scientific theoretical foundation for rational application of B in tobacco production and improve the internal quality of flue-cured tobacco.
High Performance Opening Up Dual-core Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Ghahramani Soghra , Bravestani Jamal , Meshginqalam Bahar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, plasmonic sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) attracted a great deal of attention in field of optical sensing. An opening up dual-core photonic crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are numerically demonstrated and analyzed for detecting wide refractive index (RI) range by Finite-Difference Time-Domain method (FDTD). The wavelength and amplitude integration methods, as well as figure of merit are used to investigate the sensor performance. For improving sensing performance, it is introduced a large hole between two cores in opening up section. The opening up section as a sensing channel is coated with gold film and a thin titanium dioxide (\({TiO}_{2}\)) layer. By surface engineering including imposing of grating on the gold film, specification of optimized values of different layers located near the surface, sensing performance are investigated. Next, the effect of the fiber structural parameters is analyzed to enhancing of SPR and fundamental core mode coupling. The proposed sensor revealed maximum wavelength and amplitude sensitivities of 15167 \(\left(\frac{nm}{RIU}\right)\) and 207.19 \(\left({RIU}^{-1}\right)\), respectively. Due to ease of infiltering analyte and gold coating and tanks to high wavelength and amplitude sensitivity, the sensors can be promising candidate of physical and chemical sensing.
Neuro-adaptive Fixed-time Non-singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Design for a Class of Under-actuated Nonlinear Systems
Authors: ULLAH SAFEER , Khan Qudrat , Mehmood Adeel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a fixed-time control design for a class of uncertain under-actuated nonlinear systems (UNS) using a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) with a radial basis function (RBF) based estimator to achieve the fast convergence and robustness against the uncertain disturbances. The generalized mathematical model of the considered class is first reduced into an equivalent regular form, which is more convenient for any control synthesis design. A fast TSMC is designed for the transformed regular form to improve the control performance and annihilate the associated singularity problem of the conventional TSMC scheme. The steering of sliding manifold and system states in fixed-time is ensured through the Lyapunov stability theory. The RBF-based neural networks are used to adaptively estimate the nonlinear drift functions, which are feedbacked to the control input. The theoretical design, analysis and simulations of cart-pendulum and quadcopter systems demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of the regular form transformation and the designed control design. Comparing the proposed control synthesis with the standard literature presents the attractive nature of the proposed method for such a class.
Tobacco and Alcohol as Factors for Male Infertility – a Public Health Approach
Authors: Basic Marin , Mitic Dejan , Krstic Mirjana , Cvetkovic Jovana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study of reproductive characteristics of 430 male subjects of different age, fertility status and educational level who were covered by the program of extracorporeal fertilization at the Gynecological-Obstetric Clinic in Niš, examined knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding tobacco and alcohol consumption as predictors of infertility risk. The methodology consisted of analyses of spermiograms and a survey on the patients’ reactions to smoking and alcohol use. Results: Statistical analysis, expressed by Hi-square test and a unilateral regression analysis, yielded the following results: the proportion with higher tobacco consumption and more severe forms of infertility increased significantly with ageing (p<0.001); the highest consumption of daily doses of alcoholic beverages and the incidence of intoxication is with azoospermic patients; the level of awareness of tobacco harmfulness is highest in normozoospermic ones, and the most significant degree of determination to quit smoking in the future is with azoospermic subjects. The determination to quit alcohol in the future does not correspond to the most vulnerable categories of respondents. Belonging to educational groups does not coincide with their expected health behaviour. In all categories of subjects concerning fertility status, smoking was found to be a risk factor for its deterioration. Smokers are 12 times more likely to develop oligospermia than non-smokers (OR 12.331). Conclusion: appropriate use of health promotion activities in relation to alcohol and tobacco use is through specially designed programs.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion for Differentiating Spinal Metastasis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Li Yuan , Xing Xiaoying , Zhang Enlong , Qin Siyuan , Yuan Huishu , Lang Ning 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the value of an intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI for discriminating spinal metastasis from tuberculous spondylitis.Methods: This study included 50 patients with spinal metastasis (32 lung cancer, 7 breast cancer, 11 renal cancer), and 20 tuberculous spondylitis. All patients underwent IVIM MRI at 3.0T before treatment. The IVIM parameters including single-index model ( Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-stand), double exponential model (ADCslow，ADCfast and f) and stretched-exponential model parameters (distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and α) were acquired. Two radiologists separately measured these parameters for each lesion through drawing region of interest. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the area under the ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Each parameter was substituted into the Logistic regression model to determine the meaningful parameters, and the combined diagnostic performance was evaluated.Results: The ADCfast and f showed significant differences between spinal metastasis and tuberculous spondylitis. (for all, p < 0.05). The Logistic regression model results showed that ADCfast and f were independent factors affecting the conclusion (P<0.05). The AUC values of ADCfast and f were 0.823 (95%CI:0.719 to 0.927) and 0.876 (95%CI: 0.782 to 0.969), respectively. ADCfast combined with f showed the highest AUC value of 0.925 (95%CI: 0.858 to 0.992). Additional significant differences were found in ADCstand, ADCslow, DDC and α among different metastasis type.Conclusions: IVIM MR imaging may be helpful for differentiating spinal metastasis from tuberculous spondylitis and may be used to detect the origin tumor for those patients who could not identify primary tumors, and provide help for clinical treatment.
Title: Does the use of 3D Cones give a chance to postpone the use of resection prosthesis?
Authors: Kotrych Daniel , Brodecki Adam , Marcinkowski Sławomir , Anuszkiewicz Marcin , Kleszowski Jakub , Ciechanowicz Dawid , Bohatyrewicz Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose: Revision procedures and the resulting bone loss are still a big challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Therefor we checked, what post-operative functional outcomes 3D printed Cone augments offer in patients with bone defects (AORI classification type 2 and 3) of the knee joint and does use of Cones can delay the necessity to use resection prothesis?Methods Data from 64 patients (M=22; W=42) who underwent a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision in two clinical hospitals were included in the retrospective analysis. 3D printed Cones were used in all patients. The Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) and the range of motion in the knee joint were used for the functional assessment of patients.Results The mean follow-up was 22 months (range, 12 to 38 months). Survival for aseptic loosening at follow-up was 100%. Infection occurred in 2 (3.1%) patients. The mean KSS score increased from 12.75 points preoperatively to 66.56 points postoperatively (p <0.001). While the mean range of motion in the knee joint changed from 61.15 degrees preoperatively to 115.93 degrees postoperative (p <0.001).Conclusion Due to the good functional results of patients and the low rate of complications, 3D printed Cone augments seems to be a good solution for patients requiring a TKA revision procedure. When used in patients with bone defects classified as 2B and 3 (AORI), they can be a good alternative, delaying the need for resection prostheses.
Clinical Characteristics of Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy with Autoantibodies Recognizing the Signal Recognition Particle: A Retrospective Study of a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Tang Qi , He Jinshen , Li Feng , Chen Jinwei , Tian Jing , Wang Jia , Mao Ni , Du Jinfeng , Liao Jiafen , Ling Guanghui , Li Shu , Ge Yan , Xie Xi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) with autoantibodies recognizing the signal recognition particle (SRP) patients tend to have prominent proximal weakness and infrequent extra-muscular involvement, especially interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, we reported a Chinese cohort of anti-SRP IMNM patients with relatively more frequent ILD.Methods: Anti-SRP IMNM patients from September 2016 to November 2019 were included according to the most recent European Neuromuscular Center criteria for IMNM. All sera for anti-SRP autoantibody and other myositis-related autoantibodies detection were obtained before the treatment initiation. Muscle strength, coexisting autoimmunity, complications including ILD, treatment and follow-up outcomes were also recorded. Univariate logistic regression was performed to determine variables predicting bad outcomes.Results: Of 271 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy tested, we diagnosed 23 (8.5%) patients with anti-SRP IMNM. Muscle weakness was presented in 23 patients (100%) and generally worse in the lower limbs. ILD was observed in 50% anti-SRP IMNM patients. Predictor of bad outcomes identified by univariate logistic regression analysis was complicated ILD (odds ratio, 3.8).Conclusion: ILD tends to be more frequent in this Chinese anti-SRP IMNM cohort from Hunan province. Complicated ILD represents a risk factor for bad outcomes for anti-SRP IMNM.
Predictors Of Fetal Macrosomia Among Women Delivering At A Tertiary Hospital In Tanzania: Case Control Study
Authors: Ngadaya Emmanuel Imani , Rweyemamu Maria Angelica , Mwampagatwa Proffesor Ipyana Hudson , Lilungulu Athanase Gervase 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Women who deliver macrosomic or big baby have been observed to sustain adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as prolonged labor, perineal tears, uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal and neonatal deaths. The study aimed at assessing predictive factors associated with fetal macrosomia at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.Methods: This was an analytical quantitative study that used a case-control study design in which cases were women who delivered babies weighing ≥ 4000g while controls were those who delivered babies weighing 2500g to 3500g. Purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit both controls and cases 216 participants. This was an unmatched case control study. A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. SPSS version 25 software program was used for data entry and analysis.Results: The identified predictors associated with fetal macrosomia at Iringa Regional Referral hospital were advanced gestation age (AOR=8.16, CI 3.49-19.03, p=<0.0001), diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (AOR =12.03, CI 1.28 -13.14, p= 0.0297) and a previous history of macrosomic baby delivery (AOR = 3.01, CI 1.02 -8.89, p=0.0467).Conclusion: women with advanced gestation age, diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, and a previous history of macrosomic baby delivery are at an increased risk of delivering a macrosomic baby.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Ourmia-like Mycovirus Infecting the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botryosphaeria Dothidea
Authors: Sun Liying , Lian Ziqian , Das Subha , Luo Jingxian , Andika Ida Bagus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, we describe the full-length genome sequence of a novel ourmia-like mycovirus, tentatively designated Botryosphaeria dothidea ourmia-like virus 1 (BdOLV1), isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea strain P8, associated with apple ring rot in Shanxi province, China. The complete BdOLV1 genome is comprised of 2797 nucleotides, a positive-sense (+) single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) with a single open reading frame (ORF). The ORF putatively encodes a 642-amino acid polypeptide with conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) motifs, related to viruses of the family Botourmiaviridae. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp amino acid sequences showed that BdOLV1 is grouped with oomycete-infecting unclassified viruses closely related to the genus Botoulivirus in Botourmiaviridae. This is the first report of a novel (+)ssRNA virus in B. dothidea related to the genus Botoulivirus in the family Botourmiaviridae.
Dietary palmitic acid promotes tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in prostate cancer
Authors: Huang Fengjiao , Sun Bingqian , Wang Xiaoying , Jian Xiao , Du Qindan , Chen Jiayao , chen yongquan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

High-fat diet (HFD) is a major risk factor for prostate cancer (PCA). Palmitic acid (PA) is the main constituent of HFD, and the main end product of fatty acid synthase (FASN). However, the effect of dietary intake of PA on the occurrence and development of PCA is rarely reported. This study aims to explore the effect of PA on PCA in mice.
Methods

Twelve nude mice were divided into two groups, one group was fed with a high-PA diet and the other group was fed with a normal control (NC) diet. Twelve c-MycT mice were treated the same as the nude mice. The following analyses were performed: measuring tumor weight and size, H&E staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and western blot assay detecting the expression of Ki67, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, TGF-β1, as well as searching and analyzing of the gene data from TCGA database.
Results

FASN is positively related to the malignancy of PCA. PA diet stimulated the progression of PCA, induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and activated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signal both in nude mice and c-MycT mice. The expression levels of CD36 were positively associated with the expression of TGF-β1, and these two genes were related to poor prognosis of patients with PCA.
Conclusion

PA promotes PCA formation and activates TGF-β1 signal, inducing EMT in PCA. TGF-β1 is a potential target for the treatment of PCA.
Mid-Gestation Cytokine Profiles in Mothers of Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Carter Michael , Casey Sophie , O’Keeffe Gerard , Gibson Louise , Murray Deirdre 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Alterations of gestational cytokine profiles have been reported in mothers of autistic children. Increasing evidence suggests that the intrauterine environment is an important determinant of autism risk. This study aims to examine the mid-gestational serum cytokine profiles of the mothers of autistic children from a well-characterised birth cohort.Methods: A nested sub-cohort within a large mother-child birth cohort were identified based on a confirmed multi-disciplinary diagnosis of autism before the age 10 years and neuro-typical matched controls in a 2:1 ratio. IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, GMCSF and TNFα were measured in archived maternal 20-week serum using MesoScale Diagnostics multiplex technology and validation of our IL-17A measurements was performed using an ultrasensitive assay. Results: From a cohort of 2137 children, 25 had confirmed autism before 10 years and maternal serum from mid-gestation. We examined the sera of these 25 cases and 50 matched controls. The sex ratio was 4:1 males to females in each group, and the mean age at diagnosis was 5.09 years (SD 2.13). Concentrations of IL-4 were significantly altered between groups. The other analytes did not differ significantly using either multiplex or ultra-sensitive assays. Conclusions: In a well-characterised prospective cohort of autistic children, and supplementary to promising evidence from animal experiments and retrospective screening programmes, we confirmed mid-gestational alterations in maternal IL-4 cytokine levels in autism affected pregnancies versus matched controls.
Synthesized Two New Water-soluble Fluorescents Calix[4]arene 4-sulfo-1,8-naphthalimide Derivatives Inhibit Proliferation of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Yildirim Ayse , Karakurt Serdar , Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Synthesis of 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives and biochemical studies using them as anti-cancer and cellular imaging agents have attracted significant attention in recent years. This study aimed to synthesize two new fluorescent lower rim-functionalized 4-sulfo-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of calix[4]arenes [4 and 7] and examination of their cytotoxic properties for cancerous cells. For this purpose, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene bearing dihydrazide [3] or diaminopropyl [6] units on its lower rim were reacted with 4-sulfo-1,8-naphthalic anhydrate. The structure of these synthesized compounds has been characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR techniques. To investigate the anti-cancer properties, compounds 4, 7, and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-1,8-naphthalimide [8] were tested on the human colorectal cancer cell line (DLD-1) as well as healthy colon epithelial cell line (CCD-18Co). The IC50 values of 4 and 7 were determined as 12.95 µM and 16.13 µM, respectively, on DLD-1 cells. Furthermore, following the treatment of CCD-18Co cells with 4 and 7, the IC50 values were determined as 508 µM and 269 µM, respectively. However, it was observed that compound 8 had no cytotoxic effect on both DLD-1 cells and CCD-18Co cells. Furthermore, the fluorescence imaging of human colorectal cancer cells treated with the synthesized compounds [4, 7, and 8] was performed on living cells.
Epithelial Regeneration Ability of Crohn's Disease Assessed Using Patient-Derived Intestinal Organoids
Authors: Lee Chansu , Hong Sung Noh , Kim Eun Ran , Chang Dong Kyung , Kim Young-Ho 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the ability of epithelial regeneration and wound healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, since the ethical issue of clinical trials and the inherent limitations of tumor-derived epithelial cell lines and animal models. We evaluated the epithelial proliferation and wound healing ability of the patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) using the patient-derived intestinal organoids. Methods: Human intestinal organoids were constructed in a three-dimensional intestinal crypt culture of enteroscopic biopsy samples from controls and CD patients. The epithelial regeneration ability of intestinal organoids was assessed using organoid reconstitution, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), and wound healing assays. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) is a major pro-inflammatory effector during the CD pathogenesis. Under the TNFa-enriched conditions, the epithelial regeneration ability of CD patient-derived organoids was compared with that of control organoids.Results: The organoid-forming efficiency of ileal crypts derived from CD patients was reduced compared with those from control subjects (p < .001). Long-term cultured organoids (≥ 6 passages) derived from controls and CD patients showed inseparable morphologic and cultural features. Under the TNFa-enriched conditions, organoid reconstitution assay and MTT assay revealed that the organoid reconstitution and viability of CD patient-derived organoids were significantly lower than those of control organoids (p <.05 for each). The number of EdU+ proliferative cells was significantly lower in TNFα-treated organoids derived from CD patients than in TNFα-treated control organoids (p < .05). In the wound healing assay, the unhealed area in TNFα-treated CD patient-derived organoids was significantly larger than that of TNFα-treated control organoids (p < .001). Conclusions: Under TNFα-enriched conditions, the wound healing ability of CD patient-derived organoids is reduced due to the reduced cell proliferation compared with that of control organoids. The epithelial regeneration ability may be impaired in patients with CD.