bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of device asymmetries and Schottky barriers on the helicity-dependent photoresponse of 2D phototransistors
Authors: Quereda Jorge , Hidding Jan , Ghiasi Talieh S. , van Wees Bart J. , van der Wal Caspar H. , Guimarães Marcos H. D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCircular photocurrents (CPC), namely circular photogalvanic (CPGE) and photon drag effects, have recently been reported both in monolayer and multilayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) phototransistors. However, the underlying physics for the emergence of these effects are not yet fully understood. In particular, the emergence of CPGE is not compatible with the D3h crystal symmetry of two-dimensional TMDs, and should only be possible if the symmetry of the electronic states is reduced by influences such as an external electric field or mechanical strain. Schottky contacts, nearly ubiquitous in TMD-based transistors, can provide the high electric fields causing a symmetry breaking in the devices. Here, we investigate the effect of these Schottky contacts on the CPC by characterizing the helicity-dependent photoresponse of monolayer MoSe2 devices both with direct metal-MoSe2 Schottky contacts and with h-BN tunnel barriers at the contacts. We find that, when Schottky barriers are present in the device, additional contributions to CPC become allowed, resulting in emergence of CPC for illumination at normal incidence.
Voltage-independent GluN2A-type NMDA receptor Ca2+ signaling promotes audiogenic seizures, attentional and cognitive deficits in mice
Authors: Bertocchi Ilaria , Eltokhi Ahmed , Rozov Andrey , Chi Vivan Nguyễn , Jensen Vidar , Bus Thorsten , Pawlak Verena , Serafino Marta , Sonntag Hannah , Yang Boyi , Burnashev Nail , Li Shi-Bin , Obenhaus Horst A. , Both Martin , Niewoehner Burkhard , Single Frank N. , Briese Michael , Boerner Thomas , Gass Peter , Rawlins John Nick P. , Köhr Georg , Bannerman David M. , Sprengel Rolf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling during simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic activity is critically involved in synaptic plasticity and thus has a key role in the nervous system. In GRIN2-variant patients alterations of this coincidence detection provoked complex clinical phenotypes, ranging from reduced muscle strength to epileptic seizures and intellectual disability. By using our gene-targeted mouse line (Grin2aN615S), we show that voltage-independent glutamate-gated signaling of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors is associated with NMDAR-dependent audiogenic seizures due to hyperexcitable midbrain circuits. In contrast, the NMDAR antagonist MK-801-induced c-Fos expression is reduced in the hippocampus. Likewise, the synchronization of theta- and gamma oscillatory activity is lowered during exploration, demonstrating reduced hippocampal activity. This is associated with exploratory hyperactivity and aberrantly increased and dysregulated levels of attention that can interfere with associative learning, in particular when relevant cues and reward outcomes are disconnected in space and time. Together, our findings provide (i) experimental evidence that the inherent voltage-dependent Ca2+ signaling of NMDA receptors is essential for maintaining appropriate responses to sensory stimuli and (ii) a mechanistic explanation for the neurological manifestations seen in the NMDAR-related human disorders with GRIN2 variant-meidiated intellectual disability and focal epilepsy.
GPR109A mediates the effects of hippuric acid on regulating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in mice
Authors: Chen Jin-Ran , Zhao Haijun , Wankhade Umesh D. , Chintapalli Sree V. , Li Can , Gai Dongzheng , Shankar Kartik , Zhan Fenghuang , Lazarenko Oxana P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe G protein-coupled receptor 109 A (GPR109A) is robustly expressed in osteoclastic precursor macrophages. Previous studies suggested that GPR109A mediates effects of diet-derived phenolic acids such as hippuric acid (HA) and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (3-3-PPA) on promoting bone formation. However, the role of GPR109A in metabolic bone homeostasis and osteoclast differentiation has not been investigated. Using densitometric, bone histologic and molecular signaling analytic methods, we uncovered that bone mass and strength were significantly higher in tibia and spine of standard rodent diet weaned 4-week-old and 6-month-old GPR109A gene deletion (GPR109A−/−) mice, compared to their wild type controls. Osteoclast numbers in bone and in ex vivo bone marrow cell cultures were significantly decreased in GPR109A−/− mice compared to wild type controls. In accordance with these data, CTX-1 in bone marrow plasma and gene expression of bone resorption markers (TNFα, TRAP, Cathepsin K) were significantly decreased in GPR109A−/− mice, while on the other hand, P1NP was increased in serum from both male and female GPR109A−/− mice compared to their respective controls. GPR109A deletion led to suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoclast precursors to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and activity. Indeed, HA and 3-3-PPA substantially inhibited RANKL-induced GPR109A expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoclast precursors and osteoclast differentiation. Resultantly, HA significantly inhibited bone resorption and increased bone mass in wild type mice, but had no additional effects on bone in GPR109A−/− mice compared with their respective untreated control mice. These results suggest an important role for GPR109A during osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption mediating effects of HA and 3-3-PPA on inhibiting bone resorption during skeletal development.
The spatial RNA integrity number assay for in situ evaluation of transcriptome quality
Authors: Kvastad Linda , Carlberg Konstantin , Larsson Ludvig , Villacampa Eva Gracia , Stuckey Alexander , Stenbeck Linnea , Mollbrink Annelie , Zamboni Margherita , Magnusson Jens Peter , Basmaci Elisa , Shamikh Alia , Prochazka Gabriela , Schaupp Anna-Lena , Borg Åke , Fugger Lars , Nistér Monica , Lundeberg Joakim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe RNA integrity number (RIN) is a frequently used quality metric to assess the completeness of rRNA, as a proxy for the corresponding mRNA in a tissue. Current methods operate at bulk resolution and provide a single average estimate for the whole sample. Spatial transcriptomics technologies have emerged and shown their value by placing gene expression into a tissue context, resulting in transcriptional information from all tissue regions. Thus, the ability to estimate RNA quality in situ has become of utmost importance to overcome the limitation with a bulk rRNA measurement. Here we show a new tool, the spatial RNA integrity number (sRIN) assay, to assess the rRNA completeness in a tissue wide manner at cellular resolution. We demonstrate the use of sRIN to identify spatial variation in tissue quality prior to more comprehensive spatial transcriptomics workflows.
Streamlined copper defenses make Bordetella pertussis reliant on custom-made operon
Authors: Rivera-Millot Alex , Slupek Stéphanie , Chatagnon Jonathan , Roy Gauthier , Saliou Jean-Michel , Billon Gabriel , Alaimo Véronique , Hot David , Salomé-Desnoulez Sophie , Locht Camille , Antoine Rudy , Jacob-Dubuisson Françoise 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCopper is both essential and toxic to living beings, which tightly controls its intracellular concentration. At the host–pathogen interface, copper is used by phagocytic cells to kill invading microorganisms. We investigated copper homeostasis in Bordetella pertussis, which lives in the human respiratory mucosa and has no environmental reservoir. B. pertussis has considerably streamlined copper homeostasis mechanisms relative to other Gram-negative bacteria. Its single remaining defense line consists of a metallochaperone diverted for copper passivation, CopZ, and two peroxide detoxification enzymes, PrxGrx and GorB, which together fight stresses encountered in phagocytic cells. Those proteins are encoded by an original, composite operon assembled in an environmental ancestor, which is under sensitive control by copper. This system appears to contribute to persistent infection in the nasal cavity of B. pertussis-infected mice. Combining responses to co-occurring stresses in a tailored operon reveals a strategy adopted by a host-restricted pathogen to optimize survival at minimal energy expenditure.
Partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease pathology and cognition in APP/PS1 female mice
Authors: Stojakovic Andrea , Trushin Sergey , Sheu Anthony , Khalili Layla , Chang Su-Youne , Li Xing , Christensen Trace , Salisbury Jeffrey L. , Geroux Rachel E. , Gateno Benjamin , Flannery Padraig J. , Dehankar Mrunal , Funk Cory C. , Wilkins Jordan , Stepanova Anna , O’Hagan Tara , Galkin Alexander , Nesbitt Jarred , Zhu Xiujuan , Tripathi Utkarsh , Macura Slobodan , Tchkonia Tamar , Pirtskhalava Tamar , Kirkland James L. , Kudgus Rachel A. , Schoon Renee A. , Reid Joel M. , Yamazaki Yu , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Zhang Song , Nemutlu Emirhan , Dzeja Petras , Jaspersen Adam , Kwon Ye In Christopher , Lee Michael K. , Trushina Eugenia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Here we show that mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I is an important small molecule druggable target in AD. Partial inhibition of complex I triggers the AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling network leading to neuroprotection in symptomatic APP/PS1 female mice, a translational model of AD. Treatment of symptomatic APP/PS1 mice with complex I inhibitor improved energy homeostasis, synaptic activity, long-term potentiation, dendritic spine maturation, cognitive function and proteostasis, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in brain and periphery, ultimately blocking the ongoing neurodegeneration. Therapeutic efficacy in vivo was monitored using translational biomarkers FDG-PET, 31P NMR, and metabolomics. Cross-validation of the mouse and the human transcriptomic data from the NIH Accelerating Medicines Partnership–AD database demonstrated that pathways improved by the treatment in APP/PS1 mice, including the immune system response and neurotransmission, represent mechanisms essential for therapeutic efficacy in AD patients.
Trade-offs between sperm viability and immune protein expression in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera)
Authors: McAfee Alison , Chapman Abigail , Pettis Jeffery S. , Foster Leonard J. , Tarpy David R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQueens of many social hymenoptera keep sperm alive within their specialized storage organ, the spermatheca, for years, defying the typical trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. However, whether honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens experience a trade-off between reproduction and immunity is unknown, and the biochemical processes underlying sperm viability are poorly understood. Here, we survey quality metrics and viral loads of honey bee queens from nine genetic sources. Queens rated as ‘failed’ by beekeepers had lower sperm viability, fewer sperm, and higher levels of sacbrood virus and black queen cell virus. Quantitative proteomics on N = 123 spermathecal fluid samples shows, after accounting for sperm count, health status, and apiary effects, five spermathecal fluid proteins significantly correlating with sperm viability: odorant binding protein (OBP)14, lysozyme, serpin 88Ea, artichoke, and heat-shock protein (HSP)10. The significant negative correlation of lysozyme—a conserved immune effector—with sperm viability is consistent with a reproduction vs. immunity trade-off in honey bee queens.
Free energy amplification by magnetic flux for driven quantum systems
Authors: Tang Ying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExploring the source of free energy is of practical use for thermodynamical systems. In the classical regime, the free energy change is independent of magnetism, as the Lorentz force is conservative. In contrast, here we find that the free energy change can be amplified by adding a magnetic field to driven quantum systems. Taking a recent experimental system as an example, the predicted amplification becomes 3-fold when adding a 10-tesla magnetic field under temperature 316 nanoKelvin. We further uncover the mechanism by examining the driving process. Through extending the path integral approach for quantum thermodynamics, we obtain a generalized free energy equality for both closed and open quantum systems. The equality reveals a decomposition on the source of the free energy change: one is the quantum work functional, and the other emerges from the magnetic flux passing through a closed loop of propagators. The result suggests a distinct quantum effect of magnetic flux and supports to extract additional free energy from the magnetic field.
Flexible organic thin-film transistor immunosensor printed on a one-micron-thick film
Authors: Minamiki Tsukuru , Minami Tsuyoshi , Chen Yi-Pu , Mano Taisei , Takeda Yasunori , Fukuda Kenjiro , Tokito Shizuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFlexible and printed biosensor devices can be used in wearable and disposable sensing systems for the daily management of health conditions. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are promising candidates for constructing such systems. Moreover, the integration of organic electronic materials and biosensors is of extreme interest owing to their mechanical and chemical features. To this end, the molecular recognition chemistry-based design for the interface between sensor devices and analyte solution is crucial to obtain accurate and reproducible sensing signals of targets, though little consideration has been given to this standpoint in the field of device engineering. Here, we report a printed OTFT on a 1 μm-thick film functionalized with a sensing material. Importantly, the fabricated device quantitatively responds to the addition of a protein immunological marker. These results provide guidelines for the development of effective healthcare tools.
Avoiding digital marketing analytics myopia: revisiting the customer decision journey as a strategic marketing framework
Authors: Vollrath Matthew D. , Villegas Salvador G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of analytics data in digital marketing has had a profound impact on the way marketers create consumer relationships and how firms make decisions. However, the marketing analytics literature offers little guidance on how digital marketing analytics tools should be selected and leveraged in service to the firm’s overall strategy. Foundational marketing theory and research concerning the origin of consumer value and the primary importance of the consumer decision journey to strategy formation offer a pathway to evaluating digital marketing tools and analysis in a strategic and theoretically sound manner. This paper builds on seminal marketing thought to propose a conceptual framework that places use of digital marketing analytics tools and channels in the context of a firm’s marketing plan. The framework has diverse applications across many industries and platforms and can help markers avoid falling victim to digital marketing analytics myopia, even as evolving technologies and broader societal forces like the response to Covid-19 accelerate the digitalization of marketing.
Near-infrared-ray computed tomography with an 808 nm laser beam and high spatial resolutions
Authors: Sato Eiichi , Oda Yasuyuki , Yoshida Sohei , Yoshioka Kunihiro , Moriyama Hodaka , Watanabe Manabu 
Published: January 2021

To increase the penetrating photons and to improve the spatial resolution in near-infrared-ray computed tomography (NIR-CT), we used an 808 nm laser module. The NIR photons are produced from the laser module, and an object is exposed to the laser beam. The laser power is controlled by the applied voltage, and the photodiode detects photons penetrating through the object. To reduce scattering photons from the object, a 1.0-mm-diameter graphite pinhole is set behind the object. The spatial resolutions were improved using a 1.0-mm-diameter 5.0-mm-length graphite collimator and were ∼1 × 1 mm2. The NIR-CT was accomplished by repeating the object-reciprocating translations and rotations of the object using the turntable, and the ray-sampling-translation and rotation steps were 0.1 mm and 0.5°, respectively. The scanning time was 19.6 min at a total rotation angle of 180°. Triple-sensitivity CT was accomplished using amplifiers, and a graphite rod in the chicken fillet was visible when increasing amplification factor.
Resonant-type piezoelectric inertial drive mechanism with asymmetric inertial masses
Authors: Pan Chengliang , Shi Chao , Feng Anhui , Hu Mingang , Shu Shuangbao , Xia Haojie 
Published: January 2021

Resonant-type piezoelectric impact motors can improve the output capability effectively. A new construction of asymmetric inertial masses is proposed to synthesize approximate saw-tooth wave resonant vibration with matched anti-phase and in-phase modes. A prototype is designed, manufactured, and tested. With 40 Vp–p, 400 Hz exciting voltage for the anti-phase mode and 16 Vp–p, 800 Hz exciting voltage for the in-phase mode, the prototype provides a maximum no-load velocity of 17.2 mm/s and a maximum output power of 0.72 mW with 100 mN load. The velocity and output power of the prototype in the proposed resonant state are near three orders of magnitude higher than those in the traditional quasi-static state.
High-speed operation of single-mode tunable quantum cascade laser based on ultra-short resonant cavity
Authors: Zhou Yuhong , Liu Junqi , Zhai Shenqiang , Zhuo Ning , Zhang Jinchuan , Liu Shuman , Wang Lijun , Liu Fengqi , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: January 2021

We have demonstrated a room temperature, low power consumption, high-speed, and single-mode tunable quantum cascade laser at λ ∼ 4.6 µm. Combining a 300 µm buried hetero-structure ultra-short cavity with optimized facet coatings, a single-mode tuning range covering ∼40 nm is obtained at room temperature under low electrical power consumption below 1.1 W. The single-mode emission is observed with more than 25 dB side mode suppression ratio in the whole tuning range. The high frequency modulation is achieved with a microwave package, resulting in the −3 dB cutoff frequency of 5.6 GHz.
Domain structure and energy losses up to 10 kHz in grain-oriented Fe-Si sheets
Authors: Magni A. , Sola A. , de la Barrière O. , Ferrara E. , Martino L. , Ragusa C. , Appino C. , Fiorillo F. 
Published: January 2021

We investigate in theory and experiment the frequency dependence of magnetic losses in Grain-Oriented 0.29 mm thick high-permeability steel sheets up to 10 kHz. Such an unusually broad frequency range, while responding to increasing trends towards high-frequency regimes in applications, is conducive to a complex evolution of the magnetization process, as imposed by increasing frequencies to a non-linear high-permeability saturable material. We show that the concept of loss decomposition, supported by observations of the domain wall dynamics through Kerr experiments, is effective in the assessment of the broadband frequency dependence of the energy loss. By calculating, in particular, the instantaneous and time averaged macroscopic induction profiles across the sheet thickness through the Maxwell’s diffusion equation, the classical loss component Wclass, versus frequency f and peak polarization Jp, is obtained. A simplified theoretical approach is pursued in this case by identifying the normal magnetization curve with the magnetic constitutive equation of the material. While the hysteresis loss Whyst is shown to invariably increase with frequency, the excess loss Wexc, the quantity directly associated with the eddy currents circulating around the moving domain walls, tends to vanish upon increasing both frequency and induction values. The Kerr experiments actually show that, while the oscillating 180° domain walls can adjust to the depth of the induction profile by bowing at low Jp values, the magnetization reversal at high inductions and high frequencies occurs by inward motion of symmetric fronts originating at the sheet surface, according to a classical framework.
Chromatin phosphoproteomics unravels a function for AT-hook motif nuclear localized protein AHL13 in PAMP-triggered immunity
Authors: Rayapuram Naganand , Jarad Mai , Alhoraibi Hanna M. , Bigeard Jean , Abulfaraj Aala A. , Völz Ronny , Mariappan Kiruthiga Gayathri , Almeida-Trapp Marilia , Schlöffel Maria , Lastrucci Emmanuelle , Bonhomme Ludovic , Gust Andrea A. , Mithöfer Axel , Arold Stefan T. , Pflieger Delphine , Hirt Heribert 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) function in all eukaryotes in signaling extracellular stimuli to intracellular responses and ultimately link them to chromatin events by targeting transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes. In plants, MAPKs play crucial roles in immunity, development, and stress responses, but so far no attempts have been made to identify phosphorylation of chromatin-associated proteins. By using a phosphoproteomic approach on MAPK mutants, we identified a number of chromatin-associated MAPK substrates and characterize an AT-hook motif containing nuclear localized (AHL) DNA-binding protein 13 in plant immunity and demonstrate that phosphorylation regulates AHL13 protein stability and, in turn, its function in response to pathogens.
Forensic Human Image Identification Using Medical Indicators
Authors: Zeng Jinhua , Qiu Xiulian , Shi Shaopei , Bian Xinwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiseases not only bring troubles to people’s body functions and mind but also influence the appearances and behaviours of human beings. Similarly, we can analyse the diseases from people’s appearances and behaviours and use the personal medical history for human identification. In this article, medical indicators presented in abnormal changes of human appearances and behaviours caused by physiological or psychological diseases were introduced, and were applied in the field of forensic identification of human images, which we called medical forensic identification of human images (mFIHI). The proposed method analysed the people’s medical signs by studying the appearance and behaviour characteristics depicted in images or videos, and made a comparative examination between the medical indicators of the questioned human images and the corresponding signs or medical history of suspects. Through a conformity and difference analysis on medical indicators and their indicated diseases, it would provide an important information for human identification from images or videos. A case study was carried out to demonstrate and verify the feasibility of the proposed method of mFIHI, and our results showed that it would be important contents and angles for forensic expert manual examination in forensic human image identification.