bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical perspective in neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for stage II–III non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hong Tao , Sun Teng , Zhang Miao , Liu Xinlong , Yuan Yanliang , Dolo Ponnie Robertlee , Chen Bi , Zhang Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are many studies on neoadjuvant immunotherapy for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Expert consensus recommends neoadjuvant immunotherapy for patients with resectable stage IB–IIIA NSCLC. However, there are few clinical studies or cases to verify this.MethodsData were collected from all NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Xuzhou Central Hospital between September 2020 and April 2021. Data collected included patient information, relevant examination results, intraoperative parameters, postoperative complications, pathological changes, and 90‐day mortality.ResultsIn total, 25 patients achieved R0 resection. Eleven (44%) patients completed surgery by thoracotomy, and three (12%) procedures were changed from minimally invasive procedures due to dense adhesions of hilar lymph nodes, which rendered it difficult to dissect the blood vessels. Thirteen (52%) patients achieved a major pathological response (MPR) with eight (32%) of these patients having a pathological complete response (pCR). Twenty‐two (88%) patients showed radiological regression, and three (12%) patients had stable disease. The median drainage time was 8.50 (3–27) days. Thirteen (52%) postoperative complications were observed, but none were above grade 3.ConclusionsIn this study, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy was found to reduce tumor volume, cause pathological downstaging, and raise the surgical resection rate of patients with locally advanced NSCLC, and achieve a 100% R0 resection rate. There was an acceptable rate of postoperative complications. Thus, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy is safe and practical.
‘For me, it didn’t seem as drastic a step as being controlled by insulin’: A qualitative investigation of expectations and experiences of non‐insulin injectable therapy among adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Holmes‐Truscott Elizabeth , Schipp Jasmine , Dunning Trisha , Furler John , Hagger Virginia , Holloway Edith E. , Manski‐Nankervis Jo‐Anne , Shaw Jonathan E. , Skinner Timothy , Speight Jane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThis qualitative study aims to explore beliefs, attitudes and experiences of injectable glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) use and discontinuation, as well as attitudes to further injectable treatment intensification, among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsNineteen in‐depth semi‐structured interviews lasting (mean ± standard deviation) 45 ± 18 min were conducted, face‐to‐face (n = 14) or via telephone (n = 5). Transcripts were analysed using inductive template analyses. Eligible participants were English‐speaking adults with T2D who had recently initiated (≤3 years) GLP‐1RA treatment.ResultsParticipants were aged 28–72 years, who predominantly lived in metropolitan areas (n = 15), and had an experience of daily (n = 11) and/or once‐weekly (n = 13) GLP‐1RA formulations. Six participants had discontinued treatment and seven had trialled two or more formulations. Expectations and experiences of GLP‐1RA were related to the perceived: (1) symbolism and stigma of injectable diabetes treatment; (2) ease of injectable administration and device preferences; (3) treatment convenience and social impact; (4) treatment efficacy and benefits, and; (5) negative treatment side effects. Some participants reported increased receptiveness to insulin therapy following their GLP‐1RA experience, others emphasised unique concerns about insulin beyond injectable administration.ConclusionsThis study provides a novel understanding of expectations and experience of non‐insulin injectables among Australian adults with T2D. Our data suggest expectations may be informed by attitudes to insulin therapy, while perceived treatment benefits (e.g. weight‐related benefits, administration frequency) may motivate uptake and ongoing use despite concerns. Experience of GLP‐1RA injections may impact receptiveness to future insulin use.
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide in type 1 diabetes by baseline characteristics in the ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dejgaard Thomas F. , von Scholten Bernt J. , Christiansen Erik , Kreiner Frederik F. , Bardtrum Lars , von Herrath Matthias , Mathieu Chantal , Madsbad Sten ,   ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO Investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate 26 weeks of liraglutide treatment in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by subgroups in the ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO trials.Materials and MethodsADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO were randomized controlled phase 3 trials in 1398 and 835 participants with T1D treated with liraglutide (1.8, 1.2, or 0.6 mg) or placebo (adjuncts to insulin). This post hoc analysis evaluated treatment effects by subgroups: HbA1c (< or ≥8.5%), body mass index (BMI; < or ≥27 kg/m2), and insulin regimen (basal bolus or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion).ResultsIn both trials at week 26, reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and daily insulin dose did not differ significantly (P > .05) by baseline HbA1c or BMI. Risk of clinically significant hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia with ketosis did not differ significantly (P > .05) by baseline HbA1c, BMI, or insulin regimen. At week 26 in ADJUNCT ONE, these risks did not differ (P > .05) between treatment groups. Placebo‐adjusted reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and insulin dose (−0.30%‐points, −5.0 kg, and −12%, respectively, with liraglutide 1.8 mg), were significant (P < .05), greater than at week 52, and similar to those in ADJUNCT TWO (−0.35%, −4.8 kg, and −10%, respectively, with liraglutide 1.8 mg).ConclusionsIn ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO, the efficacy and glycaemic safety of liraglutide did not depend on subgroups, leaving residual beta‐cell function as the only identified variable impacting the effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) in T1D. These findings support a role for GLP‐1 RAs as adjuncts to insulin in T1D, warranting further study.
Glycaemic efficacy of an expanded dose range of dulaglutide according to baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) subgroup: Post hoc analysis of AWARD‐11
Authors: Frias Juan P. , Bonora Enzo , Cox David A. , Bethel M. Angelyn , Kwan Anita Y.M. , Raha Sohini , Malik Raleigh E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe AWARD‐11 trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg compared to dulaglutide 1.5 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. This post hoc analysis examined the change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and proportions of patients achieving HbA1c <7% at weeks 36 and 52 with dulaglutide 1.5 mg, 3.0 mg or 4.5 mg across clinically relevant baseline HbA1c subgroups (<8%; 8.0% to < 9.0%; 9.0% to < 10%; and ≥ 10%). Mean reductions in HbA1c were observed across all baseline HbA1c subgroups at 36 weeks (range of HbA1c change: 1.5 mg: −1.0% to −2.2%; 3.0 mg: −1.2% to −2.5%; and 4.5 mg: −1.2% to −3.2%). More patients randomized to 3.0 mg or 4.5 mg (vs. 1.5 mg) achieved HbA1c <7% at 36 weeks regardless of baseline HbA1c; the difference in proportions was greater at higher baseline HbA1c (P‐interaction = 0.096). Similar patterns in glycaemic improvement and proportions achieving HbA1c <7% were observed at 52 weeks. Hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal adverse events were similar among the HbA1c subgroups. Glycaemic control was improved with dulaglutide dose escalation from 1.5 mg to 3.0 mg or 4.5 mg across baseline HbA1c subgroups (<8%; 8.0% to < 9.0%; 9.0% to < 10%; and ≥ 10%).
Do U.S. firms disguise acquisitions to avoid taxes?
Authors: Harris Jeremiah , O'Brien William 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur study finds evidence consistent with U.S. multinational firms disguising domestic acquisitions as corporate reorganizations to avoid repatriation‐related taxes. We find that a combination of high potential repatriation costs and large overseas earning balances is positively associated with domestic acquisition volume, but only in deals with low visibility to regulators and investors. Consistent with repatriations of overseas cash, these firms’ low visibility acquisitions (but not their higher visibility counterparts) are associated with 4%–7% lower overseas earnings balances. After a 2017 tax reform reduced the value of this technique, the positive relation between low visibility acquisitions and repatriation costs disappears or reverses.
Risk‐Based Wellhead Protection Decision Support: A Repeatable Workflow Approach
Authors: Fienen Michael N. , Corson‐Dosch Nicholas T. , White Jeremy T. , Leaf Andrew T. , Hunt Randall J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental water management often benefits from a risk‐based approach where information on the area of interest is characterized, assembled, and incorporated into a decision model considering uncertainty. This includes prior information from literature, field measurements, professional interpretation, and data assimilation resulting in a decision tool with a posterior uncertainty assessment accounting for prior understanding and what is learned through model development and data assimilation. Model construction and data assimilation are time consuming and prone to errors, which motivates a repeatable workflow where revisions resulting from new interpretations or discovery of errors can be addressed and the analyses repeated efficiently and rigorously. In this work, motivated by the real world application of delineating risk‐based (probabilistic) sources of water to supply wells in a humid temperate climate, a scripted workflow was generated for groundwater model construction, data assimilation, particle‐tracking and post‐processing. The workflow leverages existing datasets describing hydrogeology, hydrography, water use, recharge, and lateral boundaries. These specific data are available in the United States but the tools can be applied to similar datasets worldwide. The workflow builds the model, performs ensemble‐based history matching, and uses a posterior Monte Carlo approach to provide probabilistic capture zones describing source water to wells in a risk‐based framework. The water managers can then select areas of varying levels of protection based on their tolerance for risk of potential wrongness of the underlying models. All the tools in this workflow are open‐source and free, which facilitates testing of this repeatable and transparent approach to other environmental problems.
Primary headaches among gender dysphoric female‐to‐male individuals: A cross‐sectional survey on gender transition experience
Authors: Yalinay Dikmen Pınar , Ertas Mustafa , Kosak Seda , Cimentepe Cagrı , Kocoglu Mahmut , Oztosun Gulsen , Direk Tecirli Nese , Onur Aysevener Elif 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the frequency, attack characteristics, and treatment experiences of migraine and tension‐type headache (TTH) among gender dysphoric female‐to‐male (FtM) participants as well as in relation to psychiatric comorbidities and real‐life experience that relates to being transgender in Turkey.BackgroundThere are only a few publications to date on transgender individuals with headache. Further studies to understand the distinctive needs might provide better management.MethodsA total of 88 gender dysphoric FtM individuals (mean (SD) age: 24.8 (5.7) years) were included on a voluntary basis in this cross‐sectional survey. Each participant filled out the questionnaire form that elicited items on sociodemographic characteristics, Gender Identity Transition Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Headache Questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 32/88 (36.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.0%–47.0%) participants were diagnosed with migraine, and 36/88 (40.9%; 95% CI: 31.5%–52.3%) participants were diagnosed with TTH. High rates of unemployment, smoking, and social drinking were observed in our sample compared with the general population in Turkey. The three‐item ID migraine screener was positive in 20.5% (18/88 patients) of our population. Patients with migraine in comparison with patients with TTH had statistically significantly higher BDI [12.0 (1–50) vs. 7.0 (0–33); p = 0.013] and BAI [13 (1–48) vs. 5 (0–22); p = 0.016] scores, longer headaches in the past month [median 3 vs. 1 day; p < 0.001], higher Numerical Rating Scale scores for headache severity [7 (2–10) vs. 5 (1–9), p < 0.001], and higher likelihood of menstruation acting as a triggering factor [8/32 patients (25.0%) vs. 0/36 patients (0.0%); p = 0.001] as well as increased rates of previously given diagnosis by a physician [15/32 patients (46.9%) vs. 4/36 patients (11.1%); p < 0.001], a greater number of neuroimaging tests being performed [12/32 patients (37.5%) vs. 3/36 patients (9.1%); p = 0.012], and a higher rate of emergency room utilization [7/32 patients (21.9%) vs. 1/36 patients (2.8%); p = 0.039] for headache.ConclusionsIn the FtM transgender population we investigated, migraine and TTH were quite common. The screening and early recognition of comorbid migraine, as well as the comorbid depression and anxiety, seem to be important in gender dysphoric FtM individuals. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential interaction of migraine with comorbid psychiatric disorders and the prevalence of headache types and gender‐affirmative hormone treatment outcomes in the transgender population.
High thermoelectric performance of (Bi1‐xPrx)2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 alloys prepared by high‐pressure sintering method
Authors: Zou Ping , Lv Dan , Xu Guiying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, n‐type (Bi1‐xPrx)2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 (x = 0, .002, .004, .008) alloys were fabricated by high‐pressure sintering (HPS) method together with annealing. The effect of high pressure and Pr contents on the microstructure and thermoelectric performance of samples were explored in detail. The results show that the HPS samples are composed of nanoparticles. Pr doping has significant impacts on the electrical and thermal transport properties of the Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 alloys. The HPS sample with x = .004 shows the maximum ZT value of .31 at 473 K, which is enhanced by 41% to compare with the Pr‐free sample. Annealing can improve the thermoelectric properties by increasing the electrical transport properties and decreasing the thermal conductivity simultaneously. As a result, the highest ZT value of 1.06 is achieved for the annealed sample with x = .004 at 373 K, which is beneficial to the thermoelectric power generation.
A Critical Review of LASSO and Its Derivatives for Variable Selection Under Dependence Among Covariates
Authors: Freijeiro‐González Laura , Febrero‐Bande Manuel , González‐Manteiga Wenceslao 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe limitations of the well‐known LASSO regression as a variable selector are tested when there exists dependence structures among covariates. We analyse both the classic situation withn≥pand the high dimensional framework withp > n. Known restrictive properties of this methodology to guarantee optimality, as well as inconveniences in practice, are analysed and tested by means of an extensive simulation study. Examples of these drawbacks are showed making use of different dependence scenarios. In order to search for improvements, a broad comparison with LASSO derivatives and alternatives is carried out. Eventually, we give some guidance about what procedures work best in terms of the considered data nature.
Nurse anesthetist attitudes towards parental presence during anesthesia induction‐ a nationwide survey
Authors: Andersson Lisbet , Almerud Österberg Sofia , Årestedt Kristofer , Johansson Pauline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe nurse anesthetists’ attitudes towards the importance of parental presence during their child's anaesthesia induction and to explore associating factors.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsNurse anesthetists from 55 Swedish hospitals were asked to participate (n = 1,285). A total of 809 completed the questionnaire, Families' Importance in Nursing Care‐Nurses' Attitudes (FINC‐NA) during 2018. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsNurse anesthetists generally had a positive attitude towards the importance of parental presence. They reported a more positive attitude in family as a resource in nursing care (median = 40) followed by family as a conversational partner (median = 25), family not as a burden (median = 17) and family as its own resource (median = 13). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that working in a district hospital, working only with children, having routines/memorandum about parental presence, being a woman, allowing both parents to be present in their child's anaesthesia and greater experience of children's anesthesia, were associated with a more positive attitude.ConclusionThis nationwide survey contributes important knowledge for understanding nurse anesthetists' attitudes and the result shows that nurse anesthetists generally have a positive attitude towards the importance of parents. Areas of improvement were, however, identified; the nurses tend to not value family as its own resource and family as a conversational partner highly.ImpactNurse anesthetists have a crucial role in children's anesthesia care since the quality of parental presence experience depends on a positive attitude from the nurses. Parental involvement is important to establish a child‐centered anaesthesia care, which should be highlighted in the education of nurse anesthetists. Parental involvement should also be addressed in healthcare policies and routines should be established.
Comparison of the levels of 25(OH) vitamin D3 in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normoglycemic pregnant women
Authors: Teotia Nikunj , Singh Amrita , Kunwar Shipra , Kumari Shweta , Rathore Brijesh Singh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a public health problem that currently affects a large part of the female population and has short‐ and long‐term consequences for the fetus and the mother. It has been reported that GDM affects 1%–14% of all pregnancies, and that its incidence has been steadily rising. In recent years while exploring the etiological factors responsible for the emergence of insulin resistance particularly that of transient nature, vitamin D has emerged as one of the possible factors. Although systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies show that low blood vitamin D level during pregnancy is associated with 1.8 times higher odds of GDM as compared to those having normal blood vitamin D levels; however, individual observational studies about maternal vitamin D status and risk of GDM are conflicting,The aim of this study is to compare the levels of 25(OH) vitamin D in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normoglycemic pregnant women to assess the pathogenic role of vitamin D in the causation of GDM.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital (ELMCH), Lucknow from December 2018 to November 2020 The present study was an analytical case–control study, in which a total of 30 pregnant women in 24–28 weeks of gestation diagnosed as GDM using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria were enrolled as cases while another 30 pregnant women in same gestational age range with normoglycemic profile were enrolled as controls. The 25(OH)D levels were assessed by the chemiluminecence immunoassay. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 21.0.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, vegetarian diet and GDM were found to be significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency. The present study endorsed the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and GDM and showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and that too at severe level could result in GDM. Appropriate awareness and intervention strategies are warranted on a larger sample.
Evaluating the renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in hepatitis B patients without chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tsai Hsin‐Ju , Chuang Ya‐Wen , Yang Sheng‐Shun , Chang Yan‐Zin , Chang Horng‐Rong , Lee Teng‐Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe nephrotoxicity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate nephrotoxicity of TDF in this population. In this hospital‐based cohort study, CHB patients who received either TDF or entecavir (ETV) therapy, and did not have underlying CKD, were retrospectively recruited from January, 2008 to January, 2019. After excluding those with confounding conditions, 257 TDF‐treated patients were matched through propensity scores with 514 ETV‐treated patients. Cumulative incidences of, and hazard ratios (HRs) for the CKD guideline‐defined renal dysfunction, were analysed. The mean decline in glomerular filtration rate was similar over 60 months (TDF vs. ETV: 10.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.4–12.7 vs. 8.0 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI: 6.4–9.6; p = .34). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of renal dysfunction was not significantly different (TDF vs. ETV: 10.4%, 95% CI: 5.6–18.0 vs. 5.8%, 95% CI: 3.6–9.0; p = .18). However, in multivariable stratified analysis, TDF was associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction in the elderly (age ≥60 years), when compared to ETV (HR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.02–8.01; p < .05). For confirming the effect of TDF amongst the elderly, 61 TDF‐treated patients were further matched with 183 ETV‐treated patients, with 5‐year cumulative incidence of renal dysfunction being significantly higher in TDF users (TDF vs. ETV: 34.4%, 95% CI: 17.7–59.8 vs. 15.5%, 95% CI: 9.4–25.1; p < .05). TDF use was independently related to renal dysfunction (HR 2.71, 95% CI: 1.19–6.14; p < .05). Although TDF is generally safe for CHB patients without CKD, it is best to be avoided in the elderly.
Baseline HBV‐DNA load plus AST/ALT ratio predicts prognosis of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: A multicentre study
Authors: Shen Junyi , Dai Junlong , Zhang Yu , Xie Fei , Yu Yu , Li Chuan , Wen Tianfu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHepatitis B viral (HBV) load and hepatic enzymes play a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, the clinical significance of these in HBV‐related HCC patients after hepatectomy remains unclear. In this study, we analysed 1,940 HBV‐related HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy from four hospitals in west China. Risk classification was constructed based on baseline HBV‐DNA load and AST/ALT ratio. Based on the HBV‐DNA load and AST/ALT ratio classification, four types with distinguishable prognoses were established. Type 1 patients had the best prognosis with 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 69.8%, followed by type 2 and type 3 patients, whereas type 4 patients had the worst prognosis with 5‐year OS of 42.7%. Similarly, the four types had statistically different recurrence‐free survival. This classification was significantly associated with HCC recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]:1.492, p < .001) and long‐term survival (HR: 1.574, p = .001). Pathologically, type 4 correlated with more advanced tumours considering tumour size and microvascular invasion than those in type 1, 2, or 3. Moreover, type 4 patients had more severe hepatic inflammation in underlying liver. Conversely, type 1 patients had an active tumour immune microenvironment as indicated by more CD8+ T cell infiltration and less PD‐L1 expression. In conclusion, the classfication based on baseline HBV‐DNA load and AST/ALT ratio could effectively stratify HBV‐related HCC patients with distinguishable prognoses after hepatectomy.