bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bryant and Sharer: seven challenges most likely to make-or-break leaders
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This interview with Adam Bryant and Kevin Sharer, the authors of “The CEO Test: Mastering the Challenges that Make or Break All Leaders,” examines the relationship between the leaders and followers and the key challenges that tend to determine leadership success or failure.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors told S&L’s interviewer Brian Leavy: “We focus specifically on leading others - illuminating seven of the most common make-or-break challenges, and then showing how to navigate them effectively.”

Findings
The authors' research found that “It’s the leader’s job to capture the essence of what matters and then be able to boil down the strategy to just a handful of memorable ideas so that everyone understands, remembers and knows how to contribute to its success.”

Practical implications
Leaders have to learn that listening is a multidimensional practice that requires commitment and constant attention, and the aim is to get a true sense of the nature of their organization and its dynamics.

Originality/value
Much of the on-going outpouring of leadership literature tends to focus on the personal qualities and characteristics of the individual leader. Less studied are the dynamics of the relationship between the leader and the led, or the nature and content of the role itself and the key tasks associated with it. One exception is "The CEO Test: Mastering the Challenges that Make or Break All Leaders" by Adam Bryant and Kevin Sharer. Their "overarching framework to mastering the inner game of leadership is to embrace it as a series of paradoxes,” is an original perspective.
A study on the role of social media in promoting sustainable tourism in the states of Assam and Odisha
Authors: Chatterjee Joyeeta , Dsilva Nigel Raylyn 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the role played by social media platforms in promoting sustainable tourism in the states of Assam and Odisha. The study provides insights on sustainable tourism and related products of the above-mentioned destinations that need to be promoted on social media. It also recommends strategies to augment the sustainable tourism in the two states.
Improved hetero-junction TFET-based Schmitt trigger designs for ultra-low-voltage VLSI applications
Authors: Vidhyadharan Abhay Sanjay , Vidhyadharan Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) have significantly steeper sub-threshold slope (24–30 mv/decade), as compared with the conventional metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), which have a sub-threshold slope of 60 mv/decade at room temperature. The steep sub-threshold slope of TFETs enables a much faster switching, making TFETs a better option than MOSFETs for low-voltage VLSI applications. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel hetero-junction TFET-based Schmitt triggers, which outperform the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Schmitt triggers at low power supply voltage levels.

Design/methodology/approach
The conventional Schmitt trigger has been implemented with both MOSFETs and HTFETs for operation at a low-voltage level of 0.4 V and a target hysteresis width of 100 mV. Simulation results have indicated that the HTFET-based Schmitt trigger not only has significantly lower delays but also consumes lesser power as compared to the CMOS-based Schmitt trigger. The limitations of the conventional Schmitt trigger design have been analysed, and improved CMOS and CMOS–HTFET hybrid Schmitt trigger designs have been presented.

Findings
The conventional Schmitt trigger implemented with HTFETs has 99.9% lower propagation delay (29ps) and 41.2% lesser power requirement (4.7 nW) than the analogous CMOS Schmitt trigger, which has a delay of 36 ns and consumes 8 nW of power. An improved Schmitt trigger design has been proposed which has a transistor count of only six as compared to the eight transistors required in the conventional design. The proposed improved Schmitt trigger design, when implemented with only CMOS devices enable a reduction of power delay product (PDP) by 98.4% with respect to the CMOS conventional Schmitt trigger design. The proposed CMOS–HTFET hybrid Schmitt trigger further helps in decreasing the delay of the improved CMOS-only Schmitt trigger by 70% and PDP by 21%.

Originality/value
The unique advantage of very steep sub-threshold slope of HTFETs has been used to improve the performance of the conventional Schmitt trigger circuit. Novel CMOS-only and CMOS–HTFET hybrid improved Schmitt trigger designs have been proposed which requires lesser number of transistors (saving 70% chip area) for implementation and has significantly lower delays and power requirement than the conventional designs.
Advance control strategies using image processing, UAV and AI in agriculture: a review
Authors: Syeda Iqra Hassan , Alam Mansoor Muhammad , Illahi Usman , Su'ud Mazliham Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of smart agriculture systems and monitor and identify the technologies which can be used for deriving traditional agriculture system to modern agriculture system. It also provides the reader a broad area to work for the advancement in the field of agriculture and also explains the use of advanced technologies such as spectral imaging, robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of agriculture.

Design/methodology/approach
Smart uses of modern technologies were reviewed in the field of agriculture, which helps to monitor stress levels of plants and perform operations according to requirements. Operations can be irrigation, pests spray, monitoring crops, monitoring yield production, etc. Based on the literature review, a smart agriculture system is suggested. The parameters studied were spectral image processing, AI, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) (fixed and rotatory), water or soil moisture, nutrients and pesticides.

Findings
The use of autonomous vehicles and AI techniques has been suggested through which the agriculture system becomes much more efficient. The world will switch to the smart agriculture system in the upcoming era completely. The authors conclude that autonomous vehicle in the field of science is time-saving and health efficient for both plants and workers in the fields. The suggested system increases the productivity of crops and saves the assets as well.

Originality/value
This review paper discusses the various contemporary technologies used in the field of agriculture and it will help future researchers to build on this research. This paper reveals that the UAVs along with multispectral, hyperspectral or red, green and blue camera (depends on the need) and AI are more suitable for the advancement of agriculture and increasing yield rate.
In utero accumulated steroids predict neonate anti‐predator response in a wild mammal
Authors: Amin Bawan , Jennings Dómhnall J. , Smith Adam F. , Quinn Matthew , Chari Srivats , Haigh Amy , Matas Devorah , Koren Lee , Ciuti Simone 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Behavioural variation at the individual level has been shown to play an important role in animal ecology and evolution. Whereas most studies have focused on subadult or adult subjects, neonates have been relatively neglected, despite studies showing that neonates can exhibit consistent inter‐individual differences during early developmental stages.

Steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol) and androgens (e.g. testosterone), play a crucial role in foetal development and maturation and could therefore drive neonate behaviour, although this relationship is poorly understood in wild animal populations.

Our study addresses these knowledge gaps by investigating the association between neonate fallow deer Dama dama fawn inter‐individual variability in behavioural response to human handling and hair cortisol and testosterone levels.

We found strong evidence that individual neonates display repeatable differences in the way they cope with a risky situation during their first days of life, and showed how these differences are linked to cortisol and testosterone levels accumulated in utero. We showed that, when both steroids are included in the same model, neonates with high cortisol and low testosterone levels coped in a more proactive way with human handling (higher heart rate during handling and shorter latency to leave when released) compared to those with low cortisol and high testosterone levels (lower heart rate and longer latency to leave). These results provide novel insights into the proximate mechanism leading to neonate inter‐individual variation in a wild population of large mammals.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Property, wealth, and social change: Piketty as a social science engineer
Authors: Savage Mike , Waitkus Nora 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper applauds the vision and originality of Piketty's Capital and Ideology. We draw attention to the distinctive methodological perspective which he adopts, which we liken to call “social science engineering.” This allows a problem oriented perspective on long‐term global social change which sidesteps siloed disciplinary debates in social science and history about the meaning of modernity, the rise of capitalism, the formation of social groups, and the primacy of nations. We bring out how his theory of property permits him to take forward his overarching insight that economic growth leads to wealth accumulation. This, therefore, challenges long standing sociological perspectives by insisting that modernity is a conservative, rather than a revolutionary and transformative process. We build on this essential contribution by noting some areas where his work can push forward even further, notably that his focus on shifting relativities obscures qualitative historical changes, and more particularly means his analysis of the 20th century is not as provocative as that of the 19th century.
Beyond property or beyond Piketty?
Authors: Reddy Sanjay G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCapital and Ideology represents a significant further statement from Thomas Piketty. The arguments made by the “New Piketty” are largely compatible with those of his previous Capital in the Twenty‐First Century, but reflect broadening of scope and deepening of causal analysis, most markedly through the adoption of a world historical perspective. The result is a fuller offering for understanding inequality's pattern in the world, why it exists and how we can best respond to it. The book presents a wide range of arguments, which do not on first glance appear unified. This review essay distills these into six propositions, describes and evaluates each in turn, and identifies some threads that link them. In the process, it provides a critical assessment of Capital and Ideology.
Pore‐forming toxins of foodborne pathogens
Authors: Banerji Rajashri , Karkee Astha , Kanojiya Poonam , Saroj Sunil D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPore‐forming toxins (PFTs) are water‐soluble molecules that have been identified as the most crucial virulence factors during bacterial pathogenesis. PFTs disrupt the host cell membrane to internalize or to deliver other bacterial or virulence factors for establishing infections. Disruption of the host cell membrane by PFTs can lead to uncontrollable exchanges between the extracellular and the intracellular matrix, thereby disturbing the cellular homeostasis. Recent studies have provided insights into the molecular mechanism of PFTs during pathogenesis. Evidence also suggests the activation of several signal transduction pathways in the host cell on recognition of PFTs. Additionally, numerous distinctive host defense mechanisms as well as membrane repair mechanisms have been reported; however, studies reveal that PFTs aid in host immune evasion of the bacteria through numerous pathways. PFTs have been primarily associated with foodborne pathogens. Infection and death from diseases by consuming contaminated food are a constant threat to public health worldwide, affecting socioeconomic development. Moreover, the emergence of new foodborne pathogens has led to the rise of bacterial antimicrobial resistance affecting the population. Hence, this review focuses on the role of PFTs secreted by foodborne pathogens. The review highlights the molecular mechanism of foodborne bacterial PFTs, assisting bacterial survival from the host immune responses and understanding the downstream mechanism in the activation of various signaling pathways in the host upon PFT recognition. PFT research is a remarkable and an important field for exploring novel and broad applications of antimicrobial compounds as therapeutics.
Kuchu Counterpublic on Facebook: Gay Men’s Challenge to Heterosexist Policies in Uganda
Authors: Amoedo Luiz Henrique 
Published: March 2021

SummaryHow do queer counterpublics online function as spaces where stigmatized individuals can gather to advocate for their interests and share their needs? Based on an online ethnography of gay cisgender men in Uganda, I offer three main conclusions. First, the popular and widely accessible social medium Facebook allows space for a visible queer opposition to the anti‐LGBTQ movement and for the realities of the Ugandan LGBTQ community—locally known as kuchu—to emerge through individuals’ sexual self‐expression and self‐knowledge. Second, to avoid identification, arrests, and punishments through state surveillance, kuchus use Facebook to create a list of safe virtual friends. Finally, the rise of a virtual queer counterpublic and its global discourse has deepened transnational stereotypes and encouraged vigorous attacks by the Ugandan government, including indiscriminate arrests. Despite these risks and challenges, kuchus’ use of Facebook demonstrates its value for creating a counterpublic.
Reversing the effects of androgen‐deprivation therapy in men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Marshall Catherine H. , Tunacao Jessa , Danda Varun , Tsai Hua‐Ling , Barber John , Gawande Rakhee , Weiss Clifford R. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Joshu Corinne 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether bipolar androgen therapy (BAT), involving rapid cyclic administration of high‐dose testosterone, as a novel treatment for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) promotes improvements in body composition and associated improvements in lipid profiles and quality of life.Patients and MethodsMen from two completed trials with computed tomography imaging at baseline and after three cycles of BAT were included. Cross‐sectional areas of psoas muscle, visceral and subcutaneous fat were measured at the L3 vertebral level. Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue questionnaire and 36‐item short‐form health survey were used to assess quality of life.ResultsThe 60 included patients lost a mean (sd) of 7.8 (8.2)% of subcutaneous fat, 9.8 (18.2)% of visceral fat, and gained 12.2 (6.7)% muscle mass. Changes in subcutaneous and visceral fat were positively correlated with each other (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.71) independent of the effects of age, body mass index, and duration of androgen‐deprivation therapy. Energy, physical function, and measures of limitations due to physical health were all significantly improved at 3 months. The improvements in body composition were not correlated with decreases in lipid levels or observed improvements in quality of life.ConclusionsIn the present study, BAT was associated with significant improvements in body composition, lipid parameters, and quality of life. This has promising implications for the long‐term health of men with mCRPC.
Revised Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology: Lessons learned from an appraisal of 5 years of experience in a central hospital
Authors: El Hag Imad A. , Johnston Jon , Alessa Ebtehal , Al Shammari Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (BSFRTC) is widely adopted in the management of thyroid nodules. The system was updated in 2017, and its impact is the subject of this paper.MethodsAll thyroid fine needle aspirations from 2016–2020 using the BSFRTC, with follow‐up surgical pathology, were reviewed. The risk of neoplasia (RON), risk of malignancy (ROM), RON/ROM ratio, and surgical follow‐up rate were determined for each diagnostic category with cytohistological correlation. ROM was calculated in two separate manners, with non‐invasive follicular tumours with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) counted as malignant or non‐malignant. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were determined for indeterminate categories: atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN), and suspicious for malignancy (SFM).ResultsRON, ROM, and the surgical follow‐up rate increased steadily from the benign through intermediate to malignant categories. The omission of NIFTP from malignant lesions reduced the calculated ROM in indeterminate categories and improved the stratification between AUS and SFN. ROM in AUS was distinct from SFN. AUS has a well‐balanced sensitivity and specificity favouring a screening rather than a diagnostic category. The calculated RON/ROM was significantly higher in AUS (1.56), compared to SFN (1.03) and SM (1.05), in agreement with current BSRTC management recommendations.ConclusionsAUS is an important screening category and should remain with the addition of subcategorisation. RON and surgical follow‐up rates are essential quality indicators. The RON/ROM ratio could be utilised to determine appropriate management for each diagnostic category on an institutional basis.
The alcohol advertising ban in Norway: Effects on recorded alcohol sales
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising are recommended as one of the three most effective and cost‐effective policies to curb alcohol consumption, the best evidence to support this is indirect. The aim of this study was to examine whether the complete ban on alcohol advertising in Norway in 1975 had any effect on total alcohol sales.MethodsAnnual time series of recorded alcohol sales (1960–2006) were analysed. Autoregressive integrated moving average interrupted time series techniques were used to model the effect of the advertising ban, adjusting for alcohol prices and wages.ResultsThe autoregressive integrated moving average analyses showed a negative and statistically significant effect of the ban on total recorded alcohol sales, suggesting an immediate and lasting reduction of 7.4% (P = 0.002).Discussion and ConclusionsThe complete ban on alcohol advertising in 1975 in Norway reduced recorded alcohol sales. This suggests that the ban had a protective effect by reducing total alcohol consumption. The conclusion remains tentative because of possible effects of unrecorded alcohol consumption and marketing on social media and satellite TV channels.
Changes in walking ability, intellectual disability, and epilepsy in adults with cerebral palsy over 50 years: a population‐based follow‐up study
Authors: Jonsson Ulrica , Eek Meta Nyström , Sunnerhagen Katharina Stibrant , Himmelmann Kate 
Published: March 2021

AimTo determine if walking ability and presence of intellectual disability and epilepsy change from childhood to 50 years of age in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), and if such changes are related to age, sex, or CP subtype.MethodThis was a population‐based follow‐up study of 142 adults born from 1959 to 1978 (82 males, 60 females; mean age 48y 4mo, range 37–58y; 44% unilateral, 35% bilateral, 17% dyskinetic, and 4% ataxic CP) listed in the CP register of western Sweden. We compared childhood data with a follow‐up assessment in 2016.ResultsAt follow‐up, walking ability had changed significantly (p<0.001). The proportion of participants walking without aids had decreased from 71% to 62%, and wheelchair ambulation increased from 18% to 25%. Walking ability was related to subtype (p=0.001), but not to age, sex, pain, fatigue, or body mass index. The proportion classified as having intellectual disability had increased from 16% to 22% (p=0.039) and the proportion with epilepsy from 9% to 18% (p=0.015). Of those with childhood epilepsy, 46% were seizure‐free without medication.InterpretationWalking ability and the presence of intellectual disability and epilepsy had changed significantly since childhood. Life‐long access to specialized health care is warranted for re‐evaluation of impairments, treatment, and assistance.What this paper adds

Changes in impairments in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) over time are related to CP subtype.

After 50 years, walking ability in CP may have deteriorated or improved.

Intellectual disability in CP may not always be detected in early childhood assessments.

Epilepsy in CP may develop after childhood or may be outgrown.
Soil properties and microbial processes in response to land‐use change in agricultural highlands of theCentral Andes
Authors: Coca‐Salazar Alejandro , Cornelis Jean‐Thomas , Carnol Monique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding changes in soil functions in response to land‐use change is important for guiding agricultural practices towards sustainable soil management. We evaluated the differences in soil properties (soil organic matter, water extractable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), microbial biomass, pHKCLand exchangeable cations) and microbial processes (respiration potential, net N mineralization, net nitrification and metabolic potential of soil bacteria), as well as the relative importance of soil properties in explaining changes in processes under three land uses (potato crops, fallow fields and eucalyptus plantations) in the agricultural highlands of the Central Andes. Soils under potato crops were characterized by the highest net N mineralization and net nitrification rates, and extractable phophorus (P), and the lowest microbial biomass P. Conversion to eucalyptus plantations led to an increase in soil organic matter, water extractable C and microbial biomass, and a decrease in extractable P and metabolic diversity of soil bacteria. Higher exchangeable aluminium (Al) indicated soil acidification under eucalyptus. Fallow practices did not lead to major changes in soil properties and microbial processes, indicating that fallow practices for up to 6 years were too short to substantially contribute to soil fertility restoration. Hot water extractable carbon (HWC) showed the best relationship with soil processes (respiration potential, net N mineralization and net nitrification). Our results highlight the necessity of alternative management practices for maintaining soil fertility under potato crops, the drastic modification of soil properties and processes under eucalyptus plantations, and the potential of HWC as a proxy for monitoring land‐use‐induced changes in soil functions related to C and N cycling.HighlightsEffects of conversion from potato crops to eucalyptus and fallow on soil properties and processes were assessed.Under eucalyptus, soil respiration increased; metabolic diversity and N transformations decreased.Short fallow periods did not result in soil fertility restoration.Hot water extractable C was the best indicator of changes in soil processes.