bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic insights into the origin, domestication and diversification of Brassica juncea
Authors: Kang Lei , Qian Lunwen , Zheng Ming , Chen Liyang , Chen Hao , Yang Liu , You Liang , Yang Bin , Yan Mingli , Gu Yuanguo , Wang Tianyi , Schiessl Sarah-Veronica , An Hong , Blischak Paul , Liu Xianjun , Lu Hongfeng , Zhang Dawei , Rao Yong , Jia Donghai , Zhou Dinggang , Xiao Huagui , Wang Yonggang , Xiong Xinghua , Mason Annaliese S. , Chris Pires J. , Snowdon Rod J. , Hua Wei , Liu Zhongsong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite early domestication around 3000 BC, the evolutionary history of the ancient allotetraploid speciesBrassica juncea(L.) Czern & Coss remains uncertain. Here, we report a chromosome-scale de novo assembly of a yellow-seededB. junceagenome by integrating long-read and short-read sequencing, optical mapping and Hi-C technologies. Nuclear and organelle phylogenies of 480 accessions worldwide supported thatB. junceais most likely a single origin in West Asia, 8,000–14,000 years ago, via natural interspecific hybridization. Subsequently, new crop types evolved through spontaneous gene mutations and introgressions along three independent routes of eastward expansion. Selective sweeps, genome-wide trait associations and tissue-specific RNA-sequencing analysis shed light on the domestication history of flowering time and seed weight, and on human selection for morphological diversification in this versatile species. Our data provide a comprehensive insight into the origin and domestication and a foundation for genomics-based breeding ofB. juncea.
Using multiple Mendelian randomization approaches and genetic correlations to understand obesity, urate, and gout
Authors: Adams Charleen D. , Boutwell Brian B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObservational studies suggest relationships between obesity, urate, and gout but are possibly confounded. We assessed whether genetically determined obesity, higher urate (and related traits), and gout were causal using multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches and linkage disequilibrium score regression for genetic correlations (rg). For data, we used genome-wide association study summary statistics available through MR-Base. We observed that obesity increased urate (beta = 0.127; 95% CI = 0.098, 0.157; P-value = 1.2E−17; rg = 0.25 [P-value = 0.001]) and triglycerides (beta = 0.082; 95% CI = 0.065, 0.099; P-value = 1.2E−21; rg = 0.23 [P-value = 8.8E−12]) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (beta = − 0.083; 95% CI = − 0.101, − 0.065; P-value = 2.5E−19; rg = − 0.28; [P-value = 5.2E−24]). Higher triglycerides increased urate (beta = 0.198; 95% CI = 0.146, 0.251; P-value = 8.9E−14; rg = 0.29 [P-value = 0.001]) and higher HDL decreased urate (beta = − 0.109; 95% CI = − 0.148, − 0.071; P-value = 2.7E− 08; rg = − 0.21 [P-value = 9.8E−05]). Higher urate (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.028, 1.032; P-value = 1.1E−130; rg = 0.89 [P-value = 1.7E−55]) and obesity caused gout (OR = 1.003; 95% CI = 1.001, 1.004; P-value = 1.3E−04; rg = 0.23 [P-value = 2.7E−05]). Obesity on gout with urate as a mediator revealed all the effect of obesity on gout occurred through urate. Obesity on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was null (beta = −0.011; 95% CI = −0.030, 0.008; P-value = 2.6E−01; rg = 0.03 [P-value = 0.369]). A multivariable MR of obesity, HDL, and triglycerides on urate showed obesity influenced urate when accounting for HDL and triglycerides. Obesity’s impact on urate was exacerbated by it decreasing HDL.
CdGAP promotes prostate cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis
Authors: Mehra Chahat , Chung Ji-Hyun , He Yi , Lara-Márquez Mónica , Goyette Marie-Anne , Boufaied Nadia , Barrès Véronique , Ouellet Véronique , Guérard Karl-Phillippe , Delliaux Carine , Saad Fred , Lapointe Jacques , Côté Jean-François , Labbé David P. , Lamarche-Vane Nathalie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh mortality of prostate cancer patients is primarily due to metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms controlling metastatic processes remains essential to develop novel therapies designed to prevent the progression from localized disease to metastasis. CdGAP plays important roles in the control of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, which are central to cancer progression. Here we show that elevated CdGAP expression is associated with early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Knockdown of CdGAP in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells reduces cell motility, invasion, and proliferation while inducing apoptosis in CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CdGAP in DU-145, 22Rv1, and LNCaP cells increases cell migration and invasion. Using global gene expression approaches, we found that CdGAP regulates the expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Subcutaneous injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells into mice shows a delayed tumor initiation and attenuated tumor growth. Orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastasic burden. Collectively, these findings support a pro-oncogenic role of CdGAP in prostate tumorigenesis and unveil CdGAP as a potential biomarker and target for prostate cancer treatments.
Regulation of cadherin dimerization by chemical fragments as a trigger to inhibit cell adhesion
Authors: Senoo Akinobu , Ito Sho , Nagatoishi Satoru , Saito Yutaro , Ueno Go , Kuroda Daisuke , Yoshida Kouhei , Tashima Takumi , Kudo Shota , Sando Shinsuke , Tsumoto Kouhei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany cadherin family proteins are associated with diseases such as cancer. Since cell adhesion requires homodimerization of cadherin molecules, a small-molecule regulator of dimerization would have therapeutic potential. Herein, we describe identification of a P-cadherin-specific chemical fragment that inhibits P-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Although the identified molecule is a fragment compound, it binds to a cavity of P-cadherin that has not previously been targeted, indirectly prevents formation of hydrogen bonds necessary for formation of an intermediate called the X dimer and thus modulates the process of X dimerization. Our findings will impact on a strategy for regulation of protein-protein interactions and stepwise assembly of protein complexes using small molecules.
Listening in 2020: A Survey of Adults' Experiences With Pandemic-Related Disruptions
Authors: Helfer Karen S. , Mamo Sara K. , Clauss Michael , Tellerico Silvana 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced lifestyle changes that may negatively impact communication, including the pervasive use of face masks and videoconferencing technology. Here, we examine the effects of age and self-rated hearing on subjective measures of speech understanding via a survey accessed by adults residing in the United States.

Method:
Responses to an online survey were obtained from adults (21 years of age and older) during the summer and fall of 2020. The survey included questions about hearing and speech understanding in a variety of scenarios and different listening conditions, including when communicating with people using face masks in quiet and noisy environments and when using videoconferencing.

Results:
Data from 1,703 surveys were analyzed. In general, the use of face masks led to the perception of poorer speech understanding and greater need for concentration, especially in noisy environments. When responses from all participants were considered, poorer self-rated communication ability was noted as age increased. However, among people who categorized their overall hearing as “Excellent” or “Good,” younger adults rated their speech understanding ability in noisy situations as poorer than middle-age or older adults. Among people who rated their overall hearing as “Fair” or “Poor,” middle-age adults indicated having more difficulty communicating with people using face masks, as compared with older adults. Examination of open-ended responses suggested that the strategies individuals use when communicating with people wearing face masks vary by age and self-rated hearing. Notably, middle-age and older adults were more likely to report using strategies that could put them at risk (e.g., asking others to remove their face masks).

Conclusions:
Even younger adults with self-perceived good hearing are not immune to communication challenges brought about by face masks. Among individuals with similar degrees of self-rated hearing, the expected increase in communication difficulty with age was not noted among our respondents.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16528431
Speech Development Between 30 and 119 Months in Typical Children I: Intelligibility Growth Curves for Single-Word and Multiword Productions
Authors: Hustad Katherine C. , Mahr Tristan J. , Natzke Phoebe , Rathouz Paul J. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
We extended our earlier study on normative growth curves for intelligibility development in typical children from 30 to 119 months of age. We also determined quantile-specific age of steepest growth and growth rates. A key goal was to establish age-specific benchmarks for single-word and multiword intelligibility.

Method
This cross-sectional study involved collection of in-person speech samples from 538 typically developing children (282 girls and 256 boys) who passed speech, language, and hearing screening measures. One thousand seventy-six normal-hearing naïve adult listeners (280 men and 796 women) orthographically transcribed children's speech. Speech intelligibility was measured as the percentage of words transcribed correctly by naive adults, with single-word and multiword intelligibility outcomes modeled separately.

Results
The age range for 50% single-word intelligibility was 31–47 months (50th–5th percentiles), the age range for 75% single-word intelligibility was 49–87 months, and the age range for 90% intelligibility for single words was 83–120+ months. The same milestones were attained for multiword intelligibility at 34–46, 46–61, and 62–87 months, respectively. The age of steepest growth for the 50th percentile was 30–31 months for both single-word and multiword intelligibility and was later for children in lower percentiles. The maximum growth rate was 1.7 intelligibility percentage points per month for single words and 2.5 intelligibility percentage points per month for multiword intelligibility.

Conclusions
There was considerable variability in intelligibility development among typical children. For children in median and lower percentiles, intelligibility growth continues through 9 years. Children should be at least 50% intelligible by 48 months.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16583426
Dynamic optimization of hessian determinant image pyramid for memory‐efficient and high performance keypoint detection in SURF
Authors: Cho Eunhee , Kim Yoonjin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith increasing demand for scale‐invariant and fast object recognition, speeded up robust features (SURF) have emerged and become a widely used feature extraction algorithm in computer vision. Nevertheless, SURF still requires high memory usage and heavy computations caused by the keypoint detection procedure that produces huge image pyramid composed of many hessian determinant (HD) data for supporting the scale‐invariance. Therefore, in this paper, dynamic optimization schemes of the HD image pyramid are proposed for completely removing the redundancies of the keypoint detection with keeping the original functionality of SURF without any loss. The proposed approach has shown to reduce memory usage by 45–51%, the execution time by 37–50% and the power consumption by 18–42% when compared with the keypoint detection in the original SURF algorithm.
Energy‐maximising moment‐based constrained optimal control of ocean wave energy farms
Authors: Faedo Nicolás , Scarciotti Giordano , Astolfi Alessandro , Ringwood John V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSuccessful commercialisation of wave energy technology inherently incorporates the concept of an array of wave energy converters (WECs). These devices, which constantly interact via hydrodynamic effects, require optimised control that can guarantee maximum energy extraction from incoming ocean waves while ensuring, at the same time, that any physical limitations associated with device and actuator systems are being consistently respected. This paper presents a moment‐based energy‐maximising optimal control framework for WECs arrays subject to state and input constraints. The authors develop a framework under which the objective function (and system variables) can be mapped to a finite‐dimensional tractable quadratic program (QP), which can be efficiently solved using state‐of‐the‐art solvers. Moreover, the authors show that this QP is always concave, i.e. existence and uniqueness of a globally optimal solution is guaranteed under this moment‐based framework. The performance of the proposed strategy is demonstrated through a case study, where (state and input constrained) energy‐maximisation for a WEC farm composed of CorPower‐like WEC devices is considered.
A low-energy explosion yields the underluminous Type IIP SN 2020cxd
Authors: Yang S. , Sollerman J. , Strotjohann N. L. , Schulze S. , Lunnan R. , Kool E. , Fremling C. , Perley D. , Ofek E. , Schweyer T. , Bellm E. C. , Kasliwal M. M. , Masci F. J. , Rigault M. , Yang Y. 
Published: September 2021

Context. We present our observations and analysis of SN 2020cxd, a low-luminosity (LL), long-lived Type IIP supernova (SN). This object is a clear outlier in the magnitude-limited SN sample recently presented by the Zwicky Transient Facility’s (ZTF) Bright Transient Survey.
Aims. We demonstrate that SN 2020cxd is an additional member of the group of LL SNe and we discuss the rarity of LL SNe in the context of the ZTF survey. We consider how further studies of these faintest members of the core-collapse (CC) SN family might help improve the general understanding of the underlying initial mass function for stars that explode.
Methods. We used optical light curves (LCs) from the ZTF in the gri bands and several epochs of ultraviolet data from the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory as well as a sequence of optical spectra. We constructed the colour curves and a bolometric LC. Then we compared the evolution of the ejecta velocity and black-body temperature for LL SNe as well as for typical Type II SNe. Furthermore, we adopted a Monte Carlo code that fits semi-analytic models to the LC of SN 2020cxd, which allows for the estimation of the physical parameters. Using our late-time nebular spectra, we also make a comparison against SN II spectral synthesis models from the literature to constrain the progenitor properties of SN 2020cxd.
Results. The LCs of SN 2020cxd show a great similarity with those of LL SNe IIP in terms of luminosity, timescale, and colours. Also, the spectral evolution of SN 2020cxd is that of a Type IIP SN. The spectra show prominent and narrow P-Cygni lines, indicating low expansion velocities. This is one of the faintest LL SNe observed, with an absolute plateau magnitude of Mr = −14.5 mag and also one with the longest plateau lengths, with a duration of 118 days. Finally, the velocities measured from the nebular emission lines are among the lowest ever seen in a SN, with an intrinsic full width at half maximum value of 478 km s−1. The underluminous late-time exponential LC tail indicates that the mass of 56Ni ejected during the explosion is much smaller than the average of normal SNe IIP, we estimate M56Ni = 0.003 M⊙. The Monte Carlo fitting of the bolometric LC suggests that the progenitor of SN 2020cxd had a radius of R0 = 1.3 × 1013 cm, kinetic energy of Ekin = 4.3 × 1050 erg, and ejecta mass of Mej = 9.5 M⊙. From the bolometric LC, we estimated the total radiated energy Erad = 1.52 × 1048 erg. Using our late-time nebular spectra, we compared these results against SN II spectral synthesis models to constrain the progenitor zero-age main sequence mass and found that it is likely to be ≲15 M⊙.
Conclusions. SN 2020cxd is a LL Type IIP SN. The inferred progenitor parameters and the features observed in the nebular spectrum favour a low-energy, Ni-poor, iron CC SN from a low-mass (∼12 M⊙) red supergiant.
Gaia-ESO survey: Lithium abundances in open cluster Red Clump stars
Authors: Magrini L. , Smiljanic R. , Franciosini E. , Pasquini L. , Randich S. , Casali G. , Viscasillas Vázquez C. , Bragaglia A. , Spina L. , Biazzo K. , Tautvaišienė G. , Masseron T. , Van der Swaelmen M. , Pancino E. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Guiglion G. , Martell S. , Bensby T. , D’Orazi V. , Baratella M. , Korn A. , Jofre P. , Gilmore G. , Worley C. , Hourihane A. , Gonneau A. , Sacco G. G. , Morbidelli L. 
Published: September 2021

Context. It has recently been suggested that all giant stars with masses below 2 M⊙ suffer an episode of surface lithium enrichment between the tip of the red giant branch (RGB) and the red clump (RC).
Aims. We test if the above result can be confirmed in a sample of RC and RGB stars that are members of open clusters.
Methods. We discuss Li abundances in six open clusters with ages between 1.5 and 4.9 Gyr (turn-off masses between 1.1 and 1.7 M⊙). We compare these observations with the predictions of different models that include rotation-induced mixing, thermohaline instability, mixing induced by the first He flash, and energy losses by neutrino magnetic moment.
Results. In six clusters, we find close to 35% of RC stars have Li abundances that are similar or higher than those of upper RGB stars. This can be a sign of fresh Li production. Because of the extra-mixing episode connected to the luminosity bump, the expectation has been for RC stars to have systematically lower surface Li abundances. However, we cannot confirm that this possible Li production is ubiquitous. For about 65% of RC giants, we can only determine upper limits in abundances that could be hiding very low Li content.
Conclusions. Our results indicate the possibility that Li is being produced in the RC, at levels that would not typically permit the classification of these the stars as Li rich. The determination of their carbon isotopic ratio would help to confirm that the RC giants have suffered extra mixing followed by subsequent Li enrichment. The Li abundances of the RC stars can be qualitatively explained by the models including an additional mixing episode close to the He flash.
Trainingsintensität im Gesundheitssport
Authors: Thienes Gerd , Randl Kathrin , Glage Denis 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDas High-Intensity-Interval-Training (HIIT) erfährt derzeit eine breite
Aufmerksamkeit in der Trainingswissenschaft und -praxis. So ist das Training
u. a. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass kurze Trainingszeiten und geringe
Belastungsumfänge mit hohen und maximalen Belastungsintensitäten
kombiniert werden. Positive Effekte von HIIT zeigen sich in verschiedenen
Bereichen, wie z. B. der Ausdauerentwicklung und dem Wohlbefinden. Dabei
postuliert die Dual-Mode-Theory eine Wechselbeziehung der
Trainingsintensität sowohl mit der affektiven Reaktion während
als auch mit der Befindlichkeit nach der Belastung. Ziel der Studie ist es, die
Effektivität von HIIT im Gesundheitssport in Abhängigkeit der
körperlich-sportlichen Aktivität bezogen auf die Befindlichkeit
nach dem Training zu überprüfen. In die Untersuchung wurden 35
Personen im Alter von durchschnittlich 22,97 Jahren (±1,99) aufgenommen.
Über die Anzahl einer mindestens 60-minütigen
körperlich-sportlichen Aktivität (MVPA) in der vergangenen und
in einer normalen Woche, wurden die Testpersonen entweder der Gruppe wenig
Aktiver (MVPA ≤ 3, n=22) oder Aktiver (MVPA>3,
n=13) zugeordnet. Vor und nach einem 7-wöchigen Training wurden
die Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit mit dem 20-m-Shuttle-Run und die
Befindlichkeit (BFS-Skalen) erhoben. Die Intervention bestand aus 16
Übungen, welche 2-mal mit einer Belastungsdauer von 20 Sekunden bei
einer Pause von 10 Sekunden durchlaufen wurden. Vier Trainingseinheiten mit sehr
hohen Belastungsintensitäten (Borg-Skala) wechselten mit 3 moderaten
Einheiten. Für eine Überprüfung der wahrgenommenen
Intensität wurden in der Woche 6 und 7 die Session-RPE von den
Testpersonen erfragt. Die Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit verbesserte sich
über die Zeit signifikant (t=6,24; p<0,001;
d=1,20). Aktivere unterscheiden sich, bezogen auf die wahrgenommene
Intensität, bei intensivem Training signifikant von den wenig Aktiven
(t=3,20; p=0,003; d=1,09). Sowohl moderates als auch
intensives Training zeigen signifikant positive Einflüsse auf das
Wohlbefinden (p<0,050) und somit können körperlich
Aktivere gleichfalls bei intensiveren Belastungen ihr Wohlbefinden
fördern. Die Ergebnisse deuten vor dem Hintergrund der Dual-Mode-Theory
darauf hin, dass hohe Belastungsintensitäten nicht notwendigerweise zu
Missbefinden bei Anfängern führen. Somit kann ein hochintensives
Training als eine Ergänzung im Gesundheitstraining eingesetzt werden
Psychiatrische Patientinnen in der Geburtsmedizin in Deutschland – die juristischen Grundlagen und eine thematische Analyse von Fallbeispielen
Authors: Hägele Claudia , Großbölting Ralf , Weisshaupt Karen , Weichert Alexander , Henrich Wolfgang , Walter Henrik 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Betreuung von erwachsenen Patientinnen mit insbesondere schwersten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen im klinischen geburtshilflichen Alltag ist selten, stellt aber aufgrund ihrer Komplexität eine große Herausforderung für alle beteiligten Professionen dar. Die Krankheitsbilder sind sehr variabel. In der Versorgung gibt es eine Reihe von Zuständigkeiten, die ineinandergreifen. Für die Geburtsplanung ist die medizinisch-fachliche Zusammenarbeit von Psychiatrie, Geburtsmedizin und Pädiatrie notwendig. Die Patientinnen werden oftmals durch gesetzliche Betreuer*innen vertreten. Für das Wohl der Familie und der Kinder ist das Jugendamt zuständig. Die rechtlichen Grundlagen liefern im Wesentlichen das Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch, das Strafgesetzbuch und spezifisches Landesrecht, deren Einhaltung durch Gerichte überwacht wird. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden typische psychiatrische Krankheitsbilder exemplarisch vorgestellt. Juristisch definierte Anwendungen wie Unterbringung, unterbringungsähnliche freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen, ärztliche Zwangsmaßnahmen und rechtfertigender Notstand werden erläutert. Im Sinne einer thematischen Analyse werden diese auf die Fallbeispiele angewendet und das peripartale Management wird vor dem rechtlichen Hintergrund diskutiert. Die genaue Kenntnis der juristischen Hintergründe erleichtert Geburtsmediziner*innen die Handlungsabläufe und die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit insbesondere an perinatologischen Zentren.