bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilization of electroosmotic flow markers in capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Martínková Eva , Křížek Tomáš , Kubíčková Anna , Coufal Pavel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUV‐absorbing neutral substances are commonly used as markers of mean electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis for their zero electrophoretic mobility in an electric field. However, some of these markers can interact with background electrolyte components and migrate at a different velocity than the electroosmotic flow. Thus, we tested 11 markers primarily varying in their degree of methylation and type of central atom in combination with five background electrolyte cations differing in their ionic radii and surface charge density, measuring the relative electrophoretic mobility using thiourea as a reference marker. Our results from this set of experiments showed some general trends in the mobilization of the markers based on the effects of marker structure and type of background electrolyte cation on the relative electrophoretic mobility. As an example, the effects of an inadequate choice of marker on analyte identification were illustrated in the electrophoretic separation of glucosinolates. Therefore, our findings may help electrophoretists appropriately select electroosmotic flow markers for various electrophoretic systems.
Harnessing Joule heating in microfluidic thermal gel electrophoresis to create reversible barriers for cell enrichment
Authors: Cornejo Mario A. , Linz Thomas H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGel electrophoresis is a ubiquitous bioanalytical technique used to characterize the components of cell lysates. However, analyses of bulk lysates sacrifice detection sensitivity because intracellular biomolecules become diluted, and the liberation of proteases and nucleases can degrade target analytes. This report describes a method to enrich cells directly within a microfluidic gel as a first step toward online measurement of trace intracellular biomolecules with minimal dilution and degradation. Thermal gels were employed as the gel matrix because they can be reversibly converted between liquid and solid phases as a function of temperature. Rather than fabricate costly heating elements into devices to control temperature—and thus the phase of the gel—Joule heating was used instead. Adjoining regions of liquid‐phase and solid‐phase gel were formed within microfluidic channels by selectively inducing localized Joule heat. Cells migrated through the liquid gel but could not enter the solid gel—accumulating at the liquid–solid gel boundary—whereas small molecule contaminants passed through to waste. Barriers were then liquified on‐demand by removing Joule heat to collect the purified, non‐lysed cells for downstream analyses. Using voltage‐controlled Joule heating to regulate the phase of thermal gels is an innovative approach to facilitate in‐gel cell enrichment in low‐cost microfluidic devices.
Serum N‐glycan fingerprint helps to discriminate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Chenjun , Xu Xuewen , Wang Mengmeng , Xiao Xiao , Cheng Cheng , Ji Jun , Fang Meng , Gao Chunfang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are two main types of primary liver cancer, and reliable discrimination is important for optimal treatment. Aberrant glycosylation was detected in HCC and ICC. Both cross‐sectional and follow‐up studies were performed to establish a differential diagnosis model using N‐glycans. A total of 420 participants were enrolled, with 310 patients in training cohort and 110 patients in validation cohort. The follow‐up cohort was used to assess the prognosis of ICC. As the results, the diagnostic efficacy of the model was superior to alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) when identifying ICC from HCC (AUC of the nomogram: 0.845, 95%CI: 0.788–0.902; AFP: 0.793, 95%CI: 0.732–0.854; CEA: 0.592, 95%CI: 0.496–0.687; CA 19‐9: 0.674, 95%CI: 0.582–0.767) in training cohort. In validation cohort, this model (AUC: 0.810, 95% CI: 0.728–0.891) also demonstrated high efficacy in distinguishing ICC from HCC. Furthermore, the nomogram helps to stratify ICC into two subgroups with high or low risk of survival and recurrence. Therefore, a nomogram integrating six N‐glycans [NGA2FB(Peak2), NG1A2F (Peak3), NA2 (Peak5), NA2F (Peak6), NA3 (Peak8) and NA4 (Peak11)] was established for ICC and HCC differentiation, and for prognosis assessment in ICC patients.
Addressing neuropsychological diagnostics in adults with epilepsy: Introducing the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy: The IC CODE Initiative
Authors: Norman Marc , Wilson Sarah J. , Baxendale Sallie , Barr William , Block Cady , Busch Robyn M. , Fernandez Alberto , Hessen Erik , Loring David W. , McDonald Carrie R. , Hermann Bruce P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the absence of an international diagnostic taxonomy for cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy. Initiated through the 2020 Memorandum of Understanding between the International League Against Epilepsy and the International Neuropsychological Society, neuropsychological representatives from both organizations met to address the problem and consequences of the absence of an international diagnostic taxonomy for cognitive disorders in epilepsy, overview potential solutions, and propose specific solutions going forward. The group concluded that a classification of cognitive disorders in epilepsy, including an overall taxonomy and associated operational criteria, was clearly lacking and sorely needed. This paper reviews the advantages and shortcomings of four existing cognitive diagnostic approaches, including taxonomies derived from the US National Neuropsychology Network, DSM‐V Neurocognitive Disorders, the Mild Cognitive Impairment classification from the aging/preclinical dementia literature, and the Research Domain Criteria Initiative. We propose a framework to develop a consensus‐based classification system for cognitive disorders in epilepsy that will be international in scope and be applicable for clinical practice and research globally and introduce the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy (IC‐CODE) project.
A consistent sharp interface fictitious domain method for moving boundary problems with arbitrarily polyhedral mesh
Authors: Chai Guoliang , Wang Le , Gu Zhaolin , Yu Chunlei , Zhang Yigen , Shu Qinglin , Su Junwei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA consistent, sharp interface fully Eulerian fictitious domain method is proposed in this article for moving boundary problems. In this method, a collocated finite volume method is used for the continuous phase; a geometry intersection method is employed for numerical integrals over the solid domain and transport of the body force; the pseudo body force defined at “solid centers” ensures the algorithm consists of the body force between the continuous form and its discretization counterpart; an explicit flux correction on cell faces and resulting mass source is introduced into the continuity equation to lower noncontinuity errors in the velocity correction step. This method is valid for stationary and moving boundary problems with arbitrarily polyhedral mesh. Several numerical tests are carried out to validate the proposed method. A second‐order spatial accuracy is found in the flow around a cylinder case, and the spurious force oscillation is well suppressed for the in‐line oscillation of a circular cylinder case. The performances on different meshes are tested, and structured mesh yields the best result, polyhedral next, and tetrahedral worst. A serial of tests is further performed on structured mesh to verify the effect of three different features (i.e., storing the body force at the solid centers, flux correction, and whether including the body force in the momentum equation) on the numerical predictions. Numerical results show that, in the in‐line oscillation of a circular cylinder, “flux correction” can eliminate the large spikes in the drag coefficient, and “including the body force in the momentum equation” helps suppress the small oscillations. For other tests, “storing the body force at the solid centers” has enormous impacts on the final results of moving boundary problems, “flux correction” has little effects and the necessity of “including the body force in the momentum equation” is case dependent.
Rate of use and effectiveness of oseltamivir in the treatment of influenza illness in high‐risk populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shim So‐Jung , Chan Mei , Owens Louisa , Jaffe Adam , Prentice Bernadette , Homaira Nusrat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOseltamivir is recommended in the treatment of influenza illness in high‐risk populations, including those with chronic heart and lung diseases.ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the rate of use and effectiveness of oseltamivir in these groups of patients.MethodsThe protocol for the systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019125998). Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and CINAHL were searched for observational studies and randomized controlled trials published up to 16 February 2020. Quality appraisal of final studies was conducted using GRADE guidelines. Data were extracted using a predeveloped template. Main outcomes measured included the rate of use of oseltamivir for influenza‐like‐illness and its effectiveness in reducing disease severity in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases. Outcomes measured for effectiveness were influenza‐related complications (respiratory infections and asthma exacerbations), hospitalization rates, and time to freedom from illness. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized trials and Cochrane's Risk of Bias in nonrandomized Studies of Interventions tool for nonrandomized trials. Where data were available, pooled analyses were conducted. Dichotomous variables were evaluated using the Mantel‐Hansel method. A random effect model was applied. Summary measures were reported as risk ratios where relevant.ResultsOur systematic review identified nine studies. Oseltamivir use ranged from 25% to 100%. When oseltamivir group was compared to placebo, rates of respiratory tract infections reduced by 28% (RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59‐0.90), hospitalization reduced by 52% (RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28‐0.80) and median time to illness alleviation decreased by 10.4 to 120 hours. There was no significant reduction in asthma exacerbation rates.ConclusionsOur systematic review suggests that the use of oseltamivir is beneficial in reducing disease severity, however, its use in high‐risk population remains suboptimal.
Bile acids during pregnancy: Trimester variations and associations with glucose homeostasis
Authors: Gagnon Marianne , Trottier Jocelyn , Weisnagel S. John , Gagnon Claudia , Carreau Anne‐Marie , Barbier Olivier , Morisset Anne‐Sophie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsBile acids are known to contribute to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism regulation. Although glucose homeostasis sustains well‐characterized modifications during uncomplicated pregnancies, changes in bile acids concentrations and relative proportions throughout pregnancy remain unknown. Furthermore, literature shows strong associations between bile acids profiles and glucose homeostasis under normal metabolic conditions. We seek, first, to characterize bile acids' metabolic changes across trimesters and, second, to evaluate associations between changes in bile acids and glucose homeostasis indexes in the first and second trimesters.MethodsA total of 78 women were recruited and followed at each trimester of pregnancy. Fasting serum samples were collected once per trimester in which quantitative measurement of 30 different bile acids' molecules were performed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Glucose homeostasis indexes were measured in the first and second trimesters, after a 12‐hour fast and following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsTotal bile acids increased from the first trimester to late pregnancy, along with the cholic acid: chenodeoxycholic acid and conjugated: unconjugated bile acids ratios. Changes in bile acids were positively associated with elevated peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance indexes, as well as with trimestral changes in these indexes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that modifications occurring in bile acids' profiles during normal pregnancy are associated with changes in glucose homeostasis. Further research is needed to examine the nature of those associations and the possible outcome of bile acids changes on pathological glucose homeostasis alterations during pregnancy.
Owner offspring gender and long‐term resource allocation in Chinese family firms
Authors: Wang Xia , Gao Cencen , Feng Mingming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA long‐term orientation helps companies improve business performance and achieve sustainable competitive advantages. We use data for Chinese family firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐share stock markets during the years 2000 and 2018. We examine the influence of owner offspring gender on family firms' long‐term resource allocation. We find a “son effect” in long‐term resource allocation among family firms, that is, owners raising sons tend to have a longer investment horizon and are more willing to increase innovation. This “son effect” is more significant for owners who were born in patriarchal regions where the social system is controlled or governed by men. We also find that son‐raising owners' long‐term resource allocation is mainly motivated by their willingness of intergenerational inheritance. This study fills a research gap regarding the influence of owner offspring gender on corporate long‐term resource allocation, enriches the literature on the heterogeneity of executive behavior and corporate governance of family firms, and provides important implications for understanding the decision making and long‐term investments of Chinese family firms.
Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of novel benzimidazole‐sulfonamide hybrids and Lucilia cuprina maggots' excretion/secretion topical gels for wound healing
Authors: Sayed Asmaa M. , Saleh Nashwa M. , El‐Gaby Mohamed S. A. , Abdel‐Samad Mohammad R. K. , Taher Fatma A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel series of benzimidazole‐sulfonamide hybrids (6a–g) was designed, synthesized, and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. Further, all compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial effects. The synthesized benzimidazole‐sulfonamide hybrid (6d) showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Different gel formulations for 6d were prepared and physically investigated. After in vivo evaluation for wound healing, the 6d gel formulation delayed the wound healing in animal model. But interestingly, a combination of 6d and Lucilia cuprina maggots' excretion/secretion showed remarkable enhancement in wound healing compared with 6d only. This combination opens up promising prospects for wound healing formulations.
An overview of modeling and behavioral assessment of autism in the rodent
Authors: Haratizadeh Sara , Parvan Mahdieh , Mohammadi Somayeh , Shabani Mohammad , Nozari Masoumeh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are common neurodevelopmental disorders with a growing incidence that generally present in the first 3 years of life. Behavioral symptoms, including impaired social interaction and increased repetitive or stereotypic movements, are hallmark characteristics of autism. Animal models are research tools used to study the biology of the disease and to develop new therapeutic approaches. The complexity of the etiology of autism makes it challenging to develop a comprehensive animal model that accurately mimics different clinical aspects of autism. Here, we reviewed the literature on modeling and behavioral assessment of autism in the rodent, and focused on ASD behavioral phenotypes that can be modeled in rodents. These animal models can be effective in gaining a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease.
Youth engagement in HIV prevention intervention research in sub‐Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Asuquo Sarah E , Tahlil Kadija M , Muessig Kathryn E , Conserve Donaldson F , Igbokwe Mesoma A , Chima Kelechi P , Nwanunu Ezienyi C , Elijah Lana P , Day Suzanne , Rosenberg Nora E , Ong Jason J , Nkengasong Susan , Tang Weiming , Obiezu‐Umeh Chisom , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Merino Yesenia , Gbaja‐Biamila Titilola , Oladele David , Iwelunmor Juliet , Ezechi Oliver , Tucker Joseph D 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionYouth engagement in HIV research is generally recognized as essential, but often neglected or minimally implemented in practice. Engagement is a process of working collaboratively with diverse groups of people to address common issues. We conducted a scoping review of youth HIV prevention interventions in sub‐Saharan Africa to identify and categorize forms and levels of youth engagement across the lifespan of intervention research.MethodsWe followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework for organizing a scoping review. We searched seven databases for related articles on identified intervention studies through May 28th 2020. Included studies focused on youth (10 to 24 years old) HIV prevention interventions in sub‐Saharan Africa. Two reviewers independently examined citations and full manuscripts for inclusion. Data were extracted on study characteristics, location, description of youth engagement and extent of engagement. Youth engagement approaches were categorized based on Hart’s ladder as substantial engagement (strong youth decision‐making power), moderate engagement (shared decision making with adults), minimal engagement (no youth decision‐making power) or no engagement.ResultsWe identified 3149 citations and included 112 studies reporting on 74 unique HIV interventions. Twenty‐two interventions were in low‐income countries, 49 in middle‐income countries, and three were in both. Overall, only nine interventions (12%) had substantial or moderate youth engagement, two‐thirds (48, 65%) had minimal youth engagement and 17 interventions (23%) had no youth engagement. We also identified specific engagement strategies (e.g. youth‐led research, crowdsourcing) that were feasible in multiple settings and resulted in substantial engagement.ConclusionsWe found limited youth engagement in youth HIV prevention intervention studies in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, several activities resulted in substantial youth engagement and could be relevant in many low‐and‐middle‐income‐country (LMIC) settings.
The FasLane to ocular pathology—metalloproteinase cleavage of membrane-bound FasL determines FasL function
Authors: Gregory-Ksander Meredith , Marshak-Rothstein Ann 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFas ligand (FasL) is best known for its ability to induce cell death in a wide range of Fas-expressing targets and to limit inflammation in immunoprivileged sites such as the eye. In addition, the ability of FasL to induce a much more extensive list of outcomes is being increasingly explored and accepted. These outcomes include the induction of proinflammatory cytokine production, T cell activation, and cell motility. However, the distinct and opposing functions of membrane-associated FasL (mFasL) and the C-terminal soluble FasL fragment (sFasL) released by metalloproteinase cleavage is less well documented and understood. Both mFasL and sFasL can form trimers that engage the trimeric Fas receptor, but only mFasL can form a multimeric complex in lipid rafts to trigger apoptosis and inflammation. By contrast, a number of reports have now documented the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity of sFasL, pointing to a critical regulatory function of the soluble molecule. The immunomodulatory activity of FasL is particularly evident in ocular pathology where elimination of the metalloproteinase cleavage site and the ensuing increased expression of mFasL can severely exacerbate the extent of inflammation and cell death. By contrast, both homeostatic and increased expression of sFasL can limit inflammation and cell death. The mechanism(s) responsible for the protective activity of sFasL are discussed but remain controversial. Nevertheless, it will be important to consider therapeutic applications of sFasL for the treatment of ocular diseases such as glaucoma.
The serotonergic nervous system of prolecithophorans shows a closer similarity to fecampiids than to triclads (Platyhelminthes)
Authors: Grosbusch Alexandra L. , Bertemes Philip , Egger Bernhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProlecithophora is a poorly studied flatworm order belonging to the adiaphanidan clade, together with Tricladida and Fecampiida. The phylogenetic position of the three orders within this clade is not yet resolved. Additionally, no obvious synapomorphy other than an opaque epidermis could be found so far. In this study, the serotonergic nervous system of six different prolecithophoran species has been studied for the first time with a fluorescent immunocytochemical technique. We found that all six species show a similar pattern of the serotonergic nervous system. The typical prolecithophoran serotonergic nervous system consists of a cephalic ganglion in the anterior body part from which a pair of dorsal, ventral, and lateral longitudinal nerve cords originate. Furthermore, the three longitudinal nerve cords of one body side are connected to each other at the posterior body part by a conspicuous commissure. The ventral cords, which we consider the main cords, are most prominent and show double brain roots. A comparison of the nervous system within Adiaphanida shows clearly that prolecithophorans and fecampiids are much more similar in this regard than prolecithophorans and triclads.