bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial alertness and self-perceived employability: a virtuous marriage for career development
Authors: Cavaliere Vincenzo , Sassetti Sara , Lombardi Sara 
Published: February 2021

PurposeBuilding on the importance of students becoming entrepreneurs of their own career, this research aimed to achieve two main objectives: to empirically test the sequential relationship between the three dimensions of entrepreneurial alertness as proposed by Tanget al.(2012) and to link such dimensions to self-perceived employability.Design/methodology/approachA web survey data were obtained among a sample of 404 universities students. The test of the theoretical framework was performed by running a structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe results show that the three entrepreneurial alertness components are sequentially related. Moreover, the results demonstrated that among the examined dimensions, only evaluation and judgment had a direct effect on self-perceived employability, with the remaining dimensions having an indirect influence.Originality/valueThere has been rarely any previous empirical attempt at investigating a framework that consider the relationship between entrepreneurial attitudes, such as alertness, on employability. The investigation of the entrepreneurial attitudes as antecedents of employability is particularly vital to graduates who will soon enter the labor market as “entrepreneurs of their own career”.
Shaping emotional contagion in healthcare: the role of human resource practices and work harassment
Authors: Xerri Matthew J. , Brunetto Yvonne , Farr-Wharton Benjamin , Cully Ashley 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis research examines the extent to which emotional contagions are shaped by human resource practices (HRPs) and work harassment and the influence of this on employee well-being and innovative behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined a structural equation model, including two waves of survey data from 240 healthcare professionals to explore the statistical associations between the tested variables.FindingsThe results do not show support for a significant relationship linking HRPs with work harassment. However, a significant positive effect linking HRPs, positive contagion, well-being and innovative behaviour was noted, in addition to a significant negative link from harassment on positive contagion, well-being and innovation behaviour.Originality/valueThe research highlights the limited role that HRPs (alone) play in mitigating harassment and their deleterious effects. Notwithstanding, HRPs can have a positive role in shaping the positive contagions and subsequent positive effects on employee and work outcomes.
Inkjet printing of silk: factors influencing ink penetration and ink spreading
Authors: Faisal Saira , Ali Muhammad , Siddique Sheraz Hussain , Lin Long 
Published: February 2021

PurposePretreatment of fabric with a number of chemicals and auxiliaries is a prerequisite for inkjet printing. Owing to the rapidly increasing use of inkjet printing for textile fabrics, the study of the effects of process variables on various characteristics of the resulting print has drawn considerable interest recently. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of different variables associated with the inkjet printing process on the quality of the resulting print. Specifically, the effects of chemicals and auxiliaries used in the pretreatment of the fabric prior to printing and factors such as steaming time were studies.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, which forms a part of a larger study by the authors, the influence of the nature of thickener, the amounts of thickener, urea and alkali, pH of the pretreatment liquor and the duration of steaming on ink penetration into the printed fabrics and the ink spreading across the fabrics was studied. The nature of ink penetration and ink spreading are known to have pronounced effects on the quality and, in turn, the overall appearance of the resulting print. A set of experiments based on a blocked 25–1fractional factorial design with four centre points were conducted to evaluate the role of the aforementioned five variables. Ink penetration was quantified on the basis of the principles of Kebulka-Munk theory while ink spreading was analysed by image analysis.FindingsDetailed statistical analyses of the experimental data obtained show that different thickeners perform differently and can have a marked influence on ink penetration and ink spreading. In the case of polyacrylic acid-based thickener, changing the levels of the factors has a marked effect on ink penetration and in-turn on ink spreading. In the case of polyacrylamide (PAM)-based thickener, on the other hand, the effect of changing the levels of various factors on the ink penetration and ink spreading is considerably less pronounced. In addition, PAM treated samples exhibited better performance in terms of ink penetration and spreading.Originality/valueThis study provides useful information for textile printers and highlights the importance of selecting the right type of thickener to make the printing process and the quality of the resulting print more predictable and controllable.
How impact measurement devices act: the performativity of theory of change, SROI and dashboards
Authors: Ruff Katherine 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the role of devices in assessing the social impact of an organization. The study examines the effects of device and analyst expertise on the contents and conclusions of the report.

Design/methodology/approach
Six impact reports based on the same data from the same organization were compared to each other, to the charity data and to the devices used. Specific attention is paid to the role of the device’s sociomaterial form and discursive entanglements.

Findings
The six reports assessed the impact differently from each other and in ways that were consistent with the devices used. The devices performatively reconfigured the charity in impact reports through a series of omissions and misrepresentations which could be traced to the discourses hardwired into the devices themselves. The devices did not simply present the same impact assessment to different audiences or for different purposes, but (mis)represented the charity in specific ways aligned with the discursive entanglements.

Research limitations/implications
The performativity of sociomaterial impact devices has implications for how researchers approach the study of impact measurement.

Practical implications
In this study, faithful adherence to an impact device led to greater omissions and misrepresentations than less expert impact assessments. Analysts should be supported to identify biases in their devices and be aware of sorts of omissions and misrepresentations that may result. Faithful adherence may not be the mark of rigorous analysis.

Originality/value
Performativity of impact measurement devices is explored with a unique data set.
The effects of the relational dimension of social capital on tacit and explicit knowledge sharing: a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Santos Rosangela F. , Oliveira Mírian , Curado Carla 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Knowledge sharing among individuals from different teams is rare. Agile methods encourage only the exchange of tacit knowledge within teams. This study aims to analyse the influence of trust, norms of cooperation and reciprocity on tacit and explicit knowledge sharing among individuals from different software development teams.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey involving 205 individuals working in software development teams. The authors adopted a mixed-methods approach involving partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).

Findings
PLS-SEM shows: the antecedents have different influence in tacit knowledge sharing (TKS) and in explicit knowledge sharing (EKS); trust influences directly TKS, and it only influences EKS indirectly, while reciprocity influences TKS directly and EKS both directly and indirectly; norms of cooperation directly influence TKS, and they only influence EKS indirectly. Overall, the fsQCA findings support PLS-SEM results: TKS contributes to EKS; reciprocity or trust is a sufficient condition for TKS and EKS; norms of cooperation are a sufficient condition for TKS; larger firms without high levels of reciprocity and trust cannot expect TKS and EKS. The quantitative and qualitative results are aligned.

Research limitations/implications
The results cannot be generalisable because snowball sampling was used, and most of the respondents were Brazilians.

Practical implications
This study should help managers and scholars: to appreciate the relevancy of TKS among individuals using agile methods to nurture EKS and to understand the different effects of reciprocity, trust and norms of cooperation on both TKS and EKS.

Originality/value
Considering three constructs, this study uses a mixed-methods approach to investigate the potential of the relational dimension of social capital theory to leverage TKS and EKS, to overcome the limitations of agile methods. The originality of this study regards that it shows the constructs of relational social capital influencing TKS and EKS differently.
Intellectual capital stocks and flows: examining the mediating roles of social capital and knowledge transfer
Authors: Dahiyat Samer Eid , Khasawneh Suhad Mohammad , Bontis Nick , Al-Dahiyat Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study aims to develop and empirically test a “stocks and flows”-based model of intellectual capital (IC) that examines how human-embodied knowledge (i.e., human capital) can be transformed into organisational non-embodied knowledge (i.e., organisational capital) through the mediating roles of social capital and the knowledge management (KM) process of knowledge transfer.Design/methodology/approachA structural model was developed and empirically tested using a survey data set of 295 questionnaires collected from the “knowledge-intensive” pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Jordan.FindingsEmpirical results revealed that each of human capital, social capital and knowledge transfer has a positive and significant effect on organizational capital. In particular, knowledge transfer emerged as having the strongest effect. Social capital, on the other hand, emerged as having a positive and significant effect on knowledge transfer. Mediation analysis revealed that while human capital significantly affects organizational capital, such an effect is partially and significantly mediated by each of social capital as well as knowledge transfer.Practical implicationsThis study provides senior managers in pharmaceutical manufacturing firms with valuable insights pertaining to the development of their IC, in terms of how to exploit their knowledge stocks (i.e. human-embodied knowledge and organizational non-embodied knowledge) through managing knowledge flows between them. This was shown to be significantly leveraged by the mediating roles of social capital as well as knowledge transfer.Originality/valueThis study provides important theoretical and empirical contributions to the extant literature in a number of ways. It provides better understanding of the intricate linkages among IC dimensions, and how these play complementary roles in organizational capital development. It has also provided important empirical evidence highlighting the vital mediating roles of social capital and knowledge transfer in facilitating knowledge flows, which aid in transforming human-embodied knowledge stocks into organizational-embodied ones.
A mechanism for population self‐regulation: Social density suppresses GnRH expression and reduces reproductivity in voles
Authors: Edwards Phoebe D. , Frenette‐Ling Coral , Palme Rupert , Boonstra Rudy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Nearly 100 years ago, Charles Elton described lemming and vole population cycles as ecological models for understanding population regulation in nature. Yet, the mechanisms driving these cycles are still not fully understood. These rodent populations can continue to cycle in the absence of predation and with food supplementation, and represent a major unsolved problem in population ecology.

It has been hypothesized that the social environment at high population density can drive selection for a low‐reproduction phenotype, resulting in population self‐regulation as an intrinsic mechanism driving the cycles. However, a physiological mechanism for this self‐regulation has not been demonstrated. We manipulated population density in wild meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus using large‐scale field enclosures over 3 years and examined reproductive performance and physiology.

Within the field enclosures, we assessed the proportion of breeding animals, mass at sexual maturation, and faecal androgen and oestrogen metabolites. We then collected brain tissue from juvenile voles born at high or low density, quantified mRNA expression of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and measured DNA methylation at six CpG sites in a region that was highly conserved with the mouse GnRH promoter.

At high density, there was a lower proportion of reproductive animals. Juvenile voles born at high densities had reduced expression of GnRH in the hypothalamus, accompanied by marginally lower faecal sex hormone metabolites. Female juvenile voles born at high density also had higher methylation levels at two CpG sites while males did not, aligning with prior observations that females (but not males) from high‐density environments retain reduced reproduction long term.

Our results support a physiological basis for population self‐regulation in vole cycles, as altering population density alone induced reproductive downregulation at the hypothalamic level. Our results demonstrate that altering the early‐life social environment can fundamentally impact reproductive function in the brain. This, in turn, can drive population demography changes in wild animals.
Sexual segregation in the foraging behaviour of a slightly dimorphic seabird: Influence of the environment and fishery activity
Authors: Reyes‐González José Manuel , De Felipe Fernanda , Morera‐Pujol Virginia , Soriano‐Redondo Andrea , Navarro‐Herrero Leia , Zango Laura , García‐Barcelona Salvador , Ramos Raül , González‐Solís Jacob 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Sexual segregation in foraging strategies has been little studied in marine species with slight sexual size dimorphism (SSD), particularly regarding the role of environmental conditions and fishery activities. Sexual differences in fishery attendance are of particular concern because uneven mortality associated with bycatch may exacerbate impacts in wildlife populations.

Using a seabird species with slight SSD, the Scopoli's shearwater Calonectris diomedea, we assessed sexual differences in foraging strategies and evaluated whether annual environmental conditions and fishery activity shaped such differences.

We used a 4‐year dataset combining bird GPS tracking, stable isotope analysis, the North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAO, as main proxy of the annual environmental conditions), and fishing vessel positioning data (Vessel Monitoring System, VMS) from the North Western Mediterranean, a region under intense fishery pressure.

From 2012 to 2015, we tracked 635 foraging trips from 78 individuals. Females showed a greater foraging effort, a lower fishery attendance, a lower trophic level, and a narrower isotopic niche width than males. Moreover, in years with unfavourable environmental conditions, both sexes showed a lower fishery attendance and increased foraging effort compared to the year with most favourable conditions.

Our results revealed that environmental conditions influence space use, feeding resources and fishery attendance differently in males and females, overall suggesting competitive exclusion of females by males from main foraging areas and feeding resources, particularly in unfavourable environmental conditions. We highlight the importance of evaluating sexual segregation under disparate environmental conditions, particularly in species with slight SSD, since segregation may pass otherwise unnoticed if only years with similar environmental conditions are considered. The higher fishery attendance of males likely explains the male‐biased bycatch ratio for this species. Thus, inter‐sexual differences in foraging strategies can lead to an unbalanced exposure to relevant threats and have implications for the conservation of long‐lived species.
Mobility and infectiousness in the spatial spread of an emerging fungal pathogen
Authors: Langwig Kate E. , White J. Paul , Parise Katy L. , Kaarakka Heather M. , Redell Jennifer A. , DePue John E. , Scullon William H. , Foster Jeffrey T. , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Hoyt Joseph R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Emerging infectious diseases can have devastating effects on host communities, causing population collapse and species extinctions. The timing of novel pathogen arrival into naïve species communities can have consequential effects that shape the trajectory of epidemics through populations. Pathogen introductions are often presumed to occur when hosts are highly mobile. However, spread patterns can be influenced by a multitude of other factors including host body condition and infectiousness.

White‐nose syndrome (WNS) is a seasonal emerging infectious disease of bats, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Within‐site transmission of P. destructans primarily occurs over winter; however, the influence of bat mobility and infectiousness on the seasonal timing of pathogen spread to new populations is unknown. We combined data on host population dynamics and pathogen transmission from 22 bat communities to investigate the timing of pathogen arrival and the consequences of varying pathogen arrival times on disease impacts.

We found that midwinter arrival of the fungus predominated spread patterns, suggesting that bats were most likely to spread P. destructans when they are highly infectious, but have reduced mobility. In communities where P. destructans was detected in early winter, one species suffered higher fungal burdens and experienced more severe declines than at sites where the pathogen was detected later in the winter, suggesting that the timing of pathogen introduction had consequential effects for some bat communities. We also found evidence of source–sink population dynamics over winter, suggesting some movement among sites occurs during hibernation, even though bats at northern latitudes were thought to be fairly immobile during this period. Winter emergence behaviour symptomatic of white‐nose syndrome may further exacerbate these winter bat movements to uninfected areas.

Our results suggest that low infectiousness during host migration may have reduced the rate of expansion of this deadly pathogen, and that elevated infectiousness during winter plays a key role in seasonal transmission. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of both accurate estimation of the timing of pathogen spread and the consequences of varying arrival times to prevent and mitigate the effects of infectious diseases.
Closely related tree species support distinct communities of seed‐associated fungi in a lowland tropical forest
Authors: Zalamea Paul‐Camilo , Sarmiento Carolina , Arnold A. Elizabeth , Davis Adam S. , Ferrer Astrid , Dalling James W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Previous theoretical work has highlighted the potential for natural enemies to mediate the coexistence of species with similar life histories via density‐dependent effects on survivorship. For plant pathogens to play this role, they must differ in their ability to infect or induce disease in different host plant species. In tropical forests characterized by high diversity, these effects must extend to phylogenetically closely related species pairs. Mortality at the seed and seedling stage strongly influences the abundance and distribution of tropical tree species, but the host preferences and spatial distributions of fungi are rarely determined.

We examined how host species identity, relatedness and seed viability influence the composition of fungal communities associated with seeds of four co‐occurring pioneer trees (Cecropia insignis, C. longipes, C. peltata and Jacaranda copaia). Seeds were buried in mesh bags in five common gardens in the understorey of a lowland tropical forest in Panama and retrieved at intervals from 1 to 30 months. A subset of the seeds in each bag was used to determine germination success. One half of each remaining seed was tested for viability; and the other half was used to culture and identify seed‐infecting fungi.

Seeds were infected by fungi after burial. Although fungal communities differed in viable versus dead seeds, and across burial locations, community composition primarily varied as a function of plant species identity (30.7% of variation in community composition vs. 4.5% for viability and location together), even for congeneric Cecropia species. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that relatedness of fungi mostly reflected differences between Jacaranda (Bignoniaceae) and Cecropia (Urticaceae).

Although the proportion of germinable seeds decreased gradually over time for all species, intraspecific variation in survival was high at the same location (e.g. ranging from 0% to 100% for C. peltata) suggesting variable exposure or susceptibility to seed pathogens.

Synthesis. Our study provides evidence under field conditions that congeneric tree species with similar life history traits differ markedly in seed‐associated fungal communities when exposed to the same soil‐borne fungi. This is a critical first step supporting pathogen‐mediated coexistence of closely related tree species.
The infection cushion of Botrytis cinerea: a fungal ‘weapon’ of plant‐biomass destruction
Authors: Choquer Mathias , Rascle Christine , Gonçalves Isabelle R. , de Vallée Amélie , Ribot Cécile , Loisel Elise , Smilevski Pavlé , Ferria Jordan , Savadogo Mahamadi , Souibgui Eytham , Gagey Marie‐Josèphe , Dupuy Jean‐William , Rollins Jeffrey A. , Marcato Riccardo , Noûs Camille , Bruel Christophe , Poussereau Nathalie 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe necrotrophic plant‐pathogen fungus Botrytis cinerea produces multicellular appressoria dedicated to plant penetration, named infection cushions (IC). A microarray analysis was performed to identify genes upregulated in mature IC. The expression data were validated by RT‐qPCR analysis performed in vitro and in planta, proteomic analysis of the IC secretome and biochemical assays. 1231 upregulated genes and 79 up‐accumulated proteins were identified. The data support the secretion of effectors by IC: phytotoxins, ROS, proteases, cutinases, plant cell wall–degrading enzymes and plant cell death–inducing proteins. Parallel upregulation of sugar transport and sugar catabolism–encoding genes would indicate a role of IC in nutrition. The data also reveal a substantial remodelling of the IC cell wall and suggest a role for melanin and chitosan in IC function. Lastly, mutagenesis of two upregulated genes in IC identified secreted fasciclin‐like proteins as actors in the pathogenesis of B. cinerea. These results support the role of IC in plant penetration and also introduce other unexpected functions for this fungal organ, in colonization, necrotrophy and nutrition of the pathogen.