bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Colistin-related nephrotoxicity and risk factors in the intensive care unit; a retrospective study
Authors: Doganay Guler , Cirik Mustafa Ozgur , Alagoz Ali 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Colistimethate sodium (CMS) which is salvage therapy in the management of infections caused by multi-drug resistance (MDR) gram-negative pathogens is eliminated by the kidneys and cause nephrotoxicity. Many factors may also contribute to this nephrotoxic effect. In this study we aimed to determine the risks for the development of nephrotoxicity patients who received CMS in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Materials and Methods: We evaluated retrospectively of the patients who have lung cancer or COPD, aged older than 18 years, and received intravenous CMS therapy at least 72 hours in ICU. Patients’ age, comorbidities, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, albumin, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine values on the 1st and 7th days of CMS treatment, positive inotropes, and nephrotoxic drugs used concurrently with CMS therapy, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) were recorded. RIFLE score , lenght of stay (LOS) in hospital and in the ICU, and 28-day mortality were also recorded.
Results: In this study, the GFR and creatinine level deteriorated significantly on the 7th day with CMS therapy patients who had preexisting lower GFR, hypoalbuminemia, and concomitant nephrotoxic drugs usage. The incidence of acute kidney injury was higher in malignant patients and 28-day mortality increased in patients with nephrotoxicity.
Conclusion: The CMS therapy with preexisting lower GFR, hypoalbuminemia, and concomitant nephrotoxic drugs usage significant risk factors to develop nephrotoxicity. It was also higher in malignant patients and increased 28-day mortality. Detailed clinical and laboratory evaluation of the patients is needed before CMS treatment.
PENANAMAN KEMANDIRIAN PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Simatupang Nurhenti Dorlina , Widayati Sri , Adhe Kartika Rinakit , Shobah Alfi Nuris 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penanaman kemandirian pada beragam kegiatan yang membentuk ke arah karakter mandiri anak melalui kegiatan yang ada di sekolah. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, kemandirian anak terwujud melalui kegiatan yang ada di sekolah, antara lain; 1. Pada kegiatan awal masuk kelas dimana anak masuk ke dalam kelas dengan melepas sepatu, peci dan tas kemudian anak meletakkannya ditempat yang telah disediakan, 2. Pada saat kegiatan inti penanaman kemandirian anak terlihat pada kegiatan merapikan mainannya sendiri setelah bermain, 3. Pada kegiatan penutup keluar kelas anak dibiasakan untuk mengenakan tas, peci dan sepatunya sendiri, kemudian anak berbaris dengan rapi tanpa bantuan guru. Semua kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat ditiru oleh seluruh lembaga PAUD di Indonesia dan dapat lebih dikembangkan lagi dengan menambah program-program untuk menstimulasi kemandirian anak. Penanaman karakter mandiri adalah suatu usaha yang dilakukan untuk membentuk sikap dan watak seseorang agar hidupnya tidak terus bergantung pada bantuan orang lain
HAPPINESS IN THE CELEBRATION OF CHINESE NEW YEAR
Authors: Sutami Hermina 
Published: January 2021

Gong xi facai is a Chinese New Year greeting that is commonly spoken, heard, and written by people. Even if we don't know what it means, we guess the meaning must be good. The problem is what is the meaning of each word and the meaning of the sentence as a whole so that it can be concluded that the sentence is an expression of a joyful? Are there no other feelings? Since the sentence is considered a text, it will be examined which words express emotion, what kind of emotions they are. The goal is to express clearly what is meant by that sentence. To find out what kind of emotions it contains, Santangelo's theory (2000) will be used to detect which words express emotion and belong to which class. The data are Chinese Lunar New Year greetings written in Han characters. There is Indonesian-language data in the form of Chinese New Year pantun. Based on the analysis of the meaning components of emotions, the data are classified into several domains, such as Chinese New Year greeting, success in business, health, family, education, etc. The novelty of this research is to analyze the meaning components of emotional sentences so that emotional content can be identified precisely. This research will enrich research on emotions in the field of greetings for the Chinese New Year that has not been done much.
Kompetensi Diaken berdasarkan 1 Timotius 3:8-13
Authors: Tari Ezra 
Published: January 2021

The competence of a deacon in 1 Timothy 3: 8-13 are the requirements that should get the attention of the church. In this article, the author describes the duties and responsibilities of a deacon. The purpose of this study is that the deacons will understand their duties and responsibilities. The author intends to reposition deacons who serve the marginalized. The research method used is hermeneutic. There are four results in this study. First is being able to resist temptation. Second is flawless. Third is trustworthiness. Fourth is being role models for family members
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Teka-Teki Silang (TTS) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pelajaran IPS Kelas V
Authors: Prima Rias Wana  
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Teka-Teki Silang (TTS) Terhadap Prestasi Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas V SDN Karangbanyu 03 Widodaren, memiliki tujuan agar mengetahui perbedaan prestasi belajar siswa sesudah diberi perlakuan (treatment) pada saat post-test dan sebelum diberi perlakuan (treatment). Banyak hal yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa salah satunya adalah penggunaan media Teka-Teki Silang (TTS).Penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen semu serta menggunakan desain Quasy Eksperimen , bentuk desain Quasy Eksperimen yang gunakan adalah Nonequivalent Control Group. Selanjutnya menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5A menjadi eksperimen dengan jumlah 33 siswa dan kelas VC menjadi kelas kontrol dengan jumlah 38 siswa. Data dari hasil belajar siswa diperoleh post-test berbentuk pilihan ganda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil perbedaan dari data hasil belajar sebesar 75,51 untuk kelas eksperimen, dan 66,44 untuk kelas kontrol. Hal ini di buktikan dari hasil perhitungan dari independent sample t test yang menunjukkan bahwa thitung lebih besar dari ttabel pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 artinya H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima.Kesimpulannya adalah terdapat perbedaan dari penggunaan media Teka Teki Silang sehingga mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan media Teka-Teki Silang (TTS) dan yang tidak menggunakan media Teka-Teki Silang (TTS). Jadi ada pengaruh penggunaan media Teka-Teki Silang (TTS) terhadap prestasi belajar IPS siswa kelas V SDN Karangbanyu 03 Widodaren. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut direkomendasikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran salah satunya media Teka-Teki Silang (TTS) dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif untuk hasil belajar siswa pada terutama mata pelajaran IPS.
Correlation between Eruption of Permanent Teeth and Anthropometric Measurements among School Children
Authors: Daniel Rajendran T  
Published: January 2021

Background: The assessment of nutritional status of a child is essential in the clinical practice. Several
clinical and laboratory parameters are being used for this purpose, of which height and weight play a
major role. This study was carried out to correlate the eruption of permanent teeth with anthropometric
measurements among school children.
Method: This cross sectional study was carried out among 983 school children between the age group of
4-14 years. The height and weight were measured using standardized scales. Eruption of permanent teeth
were examined clinically. The classification of stunting and underweight was carried out based on CDC
standards.
Results: Stunting was present in around 10% of each age group upto 7 years, followed by 20-30% between
7-8.9 years. From 9-11 years, stunting was present in around 40% of the participants and beyond 10 year, it
was present in around 50% of the participants.
Conclusion: Although this study has not demonstrated statistical significance, it has elucidated the increased
prevalence of malnutrition with advances in age with respect to both stunting and underweight, warranting
adequate addressing of the nutritional needs of the school children.
Eruption Pattern of Permanent Molars among School Children in Chennai
Authors: Daniel Rajendran T  
Published: January 2021

Background: Estimation of the age of an individual is essential investigation in medicolegal cases,
especially involving children and adolescents. Among the various factors used for age estimation, eruption of
permanent teeth is one of them. Several factors influence the eruption of teeth, including genetic, nutritional
and hormonal. This study was carried out to analyze the pattern of eruption of permanent teeth among school
going children in urban Chennai.
Method: This cross sectional study was carried out among 983 school children between the age group
of 4-14 years. Two schools, one belonging to the lower socioeconomic status and the other belonging to
the higher socioeconomic status were taken up for this study. Eruption of permanent teeth were examined
clinically.
Results: Majority of the first molars erupted by7-7.5 years of age (95%) while majority of the central
incisors erupted between 8-9 years. Lateral incisors were completely erupted between 9.5-10 years and first
premolar were completely erupted between 12.5-12.9 years. Both second premolar and canine erupted by
13.5-13.9 years.
Conclusion: The visual observation of eruption of permanent teeth is a non invasive procedure and does not
require any special machines like that of radiography. This method of assessing the age of the individual is
considerably easier, economical and safe. Hazards of exposing the individual to radiation can be prevented.
Zingiber Officinale Effect on Immune Event Against Newcastle Disease Virus with Productive Performance of Broilers
Authors: Firas Hussein AL-bawi1 , Raed Salih Rabee  
Published: January 2021

Study the effects of different concentration of Zingiber officinale or called ginger (GG)on productive
performance, blood biochemistry as White blood cells (WBC), Red blood cells (RBC), Packed cell volume
(PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and immune status against Newcastle disease (ND) virus of broilers. These
experiment used (180) broilers chicks of one day age type Hubbard . All chickens vaccinated against ND
on day 7 the chicks, which divided randomly into (4) groups and each group of (45) chicks. The study
showed the effects of different concentration of (GG) given in 2g/kg, 4g/kg and 6g/kg with feed Groups of
T0, T1, T2, T3, T0 as control and T1, T2, T3, as treatment. Parameters of body weight, weight gain, feed
consumption and feed conversion . Statistical significant (P < 0.05) increased value of body weight, weight
gain, feed consumption and feed conversion was observed in T3, then T2 . A non-significant value was
observed in T1 (2g/kg of GG) as compared to T0 (control). Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the WBC,
RBC, PCV and Hb. The ginger additives groups showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in hemagglutination
inhibition (HI) titer against ND virus. In conclusion, 4 - 6 g/kg of GG additives to broiler chicks feed,
enhanced growth performance, enhance WBC, RBC, PCV, Hb and showed significant (P < 0.05) increases
in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against ND virus, while group T1 had less significant effects
compared to the other groups.
Study Effects of Nigella Sativa Seeds Oil in Some Physiological Parameters in Experimental Heart Failure Induced by Ivabradine in Male Rats
Authors: Heba A. Abd-Alsalam Alsalame  
Published: January 2021

Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Nigella Sativa Seeds oil In some physiological parameters
against heart failure Induced By Ivabradine in rats .A total of 60 male rats were used in this experiment, the
rats were divided into three groups: control rats (n = 20); IBD (n = 20); IBD+ N. sativa oil (n = 20). The
first group (G1) was a control group. The second group (G2) was given 10 mg/kg of IBD, while the third
group (G3) was injected with 10 mg/kgIBD + oral dosage of 2.5 mg/kg N. sativa oil for three months., after
three months, the blood was withdrawn from the heart. to measure the concentration of ANP, BNP, NE,
A-II, ALDO, ACE, MDA, SOD, TNF-? and IL-6 the Results revels that Levels of BNP, NE, MDA, IL-6
and TNF-?. were significantly increasead in G2 rats, with no significant difference was observed in ANP
in rats in G2 compared to G1 rats . The level of ACE, A-II, SOD and ALDO in G2 rats had significantly
decreased compared to that observed in G1 rats, oral administration of Nigella Sativa seeds oil (G3) showed
no significant difference inANP, BNP, NE, A-II, ALDO, ACE, MDA, SOD, TNF-? and IL-6 compared with
G1 group.
Knowledge Assessment of Working Women Regarding Breast Cancer / Control and Prevention in Kirkuk Technical Institute
Authors: Wafa Mahmood Jasim  
Published: January 2021

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in the developed and less developed world In Iraq, it is the commonest type of female malignancy, accounting for approximately one-third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on working women in Kirkuk Technical Institute during the period from 1st April till 30th June / 2016 to assess their knowledge regarding breast cancer prevention and control methods.The total number of included studied women was 71from different scientific departments after distributing a special questionnaire form and face to face interview was done after receiving the written agreements to participating in the study.Majority of working women are technical (52.2%), married (74.7%) aging above 40 years (47.8%) with employment years above 15 years (50.0%).Both electrical and survey dept. go with the establishing of breast cancer prevention at adulthood after fully maturated (44%, 45%) respectively in comparison to 57.7% of study women from electronic dept. go with the starting of cancer prevention at the birth of a first child .The main recommendation of the study is that further researches should be done because there is a need for increased efforts towards developing and widely available cancer educational program that focuses on the main preventive measures and encouraging the women with breast disease, not only providing them with information but also for the ability to make her decision to control the disease
Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Authors: Javed Hina , Shah Syed Nisar Hussain , Javed Shah Nida 
Published: January 2021

Aim: The aim of present method development for Diphenhydramine HCl performed on HPLC is to obtain specific, more accurate and precise results as compare to spectrophotometric method.
Methods: HPLC analysis was performed according to USP method with wavelength detection at 220nm and 1.0ml/min flow rate. Wufeng thermo HPLC system UV -100detector was used having column C18(4.6mm*250mm) 5. Methanol and water (4:1) mixture was used as mobile phase and pH was adjusted at 7.4 with the help of triethanolamine. Validation parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision, solution stability, robustness, LOD, LOQ and system suitability were successfully evaluated.
Results: The regression co-efficient for calibration curve was 0.991 and % recovery was in range (80-110%), whereas no robustness was observed in this reported method.
Conclusion: In summary, the expected linearity, accuracy and % recovery indicating that HPLC is more precise method than spectrophotometry and suggested that present method qualifies the validation criteria.
VALUE-AT-RISK BASED APPROACH FOR CURRENCY HEDGING
Authors: Khurana Rachna , Khetan Umang 
Published: January 2021

Corporate FX risk management has gained complexity with an increased number of currencies involved and varying correlations among them. Existing literature has highlighted the need to account for cross-currency correlations when optimizing hedge ratios for portfolio management (Dowd, 1999). In this paper, we propose a Value-at-Risk (VaR) based model to estimate the optimal hedge ratio for a multi-national corporate that aims to minimize the cost of hedging at a given tolerance level of expected loss arising out of FX movement. The paper illustrates both parametric and historical methods of VaR estimation at a portfolio level as the first step in risk management. As a second step, an efficient-frontier is derived based on the expected VaR level at various hedge ratios and compared with associated hedge cost. The benefits of this approach include: identification of net exposures after correlations among currencies are accounted for in order to avoid duplication of hedges, and condensation of the parameters governing hedging decision into a single, intuitively-appealing number. The paper also highlights the need to frequently update the model’s assumptions as currency correlations and corporate exposures remain dynamic.

JEL Classification Codes: C10, F31, G32, M20.
Linking Spinal Cord Injury Data Sets to Describe the Patient Journey Following Injury: A Protocol
Authors: Noonan Vanessa K. , Jaglal Susan B. , Humphreys Suzanne , Cronin Shawna , Waheed Zeina , Fallah Nader , Kwon Brian K. , Dvorak Marcel F. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
To optimize traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) care, administrative and clinical linked data are required to describe the patient’s journey.

Objectives:
To describe the methods and progress to deterministically link SCI data from multiple databases across the SCI continuum in British Columbia (BC) and Ontario (ON) to answer epidemiological and health service research questions.

Methods:
Patients with tSCI will be identified from the administrative Hospital Discharge Abstract Database using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from Population Data BC and ICES data repositories in BC and ON, respectively. Admissions for tSCI will range between 1995–2017 for BC and 2009-2017 for ON. Linkage will occur with multiple administrative data holdings from Population Data BC and ICES to create the “Admin SCI Cohorts.” Clinical data from the Rick Hansen SCI Registry (and VerteBase in BC) will be transferred to Population Data BC and ICES. Linkage of the clinical data with the incident cases and administrative data at Population Data BC and ICES will create subsets of patients referred to as the “Clinical SCI Cohorts” for BC and ON. Deidentified patient-level linked data sets will be uploaded to a secure research environment for analysis. Data validation will include several steps, and data analysis plans will be created for each research question.

Discussion:
The creation of provincially linked tSCI data sets is unique; both clinical and administrative data are included to inform the optimization of care across the SCI continuum. Methods and lessons learned will inform future data-linking projects and care initiatives.
Pre-Service Teacher Experiences during COVID 19: Exploring the Uncertainties between Clinical Practice and Distance Learning
Authors: Hill Jerell B. 
Published: January 2021

Teacher preparation programs assist candidates with the pedagogical, theoretical, and practical application of teaching and learning. This article explored the dialog between a state education agency and teacher preparation programs’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The author presents a research study of current teacher performance expectations (TPEs), online readiness, and the design of distance learning in pre-service teacher clinical practice. The participants are 10 current pre-service teachers. The researcher collected data from fieldwork supervisors, observations, and survey results from participants. Kolb’s experiential theory was used in the analysis of co-requisite policy and observations of field experiences of students in a teacher education program. The article analyzed data that suggested that in-person observations and opportunities to practice classroom instruction contribute to teacher readiness and relationship building in comparison to online learning. Furthermore, states will have to re-assess their teacher certification requirements, quality control efforts, and mandatory exams since COVID-19, which may lead to the reauthorization of the pre-service guidelines. Program learning outcomes and critical assignments that allow candidates to demonstrate content knowledge and instructional delivery are being compromised. The finding were that pre-service candidates did not have the opportunity to demonstrate mastery of specific teacher performance expectations within the distance learning format. This article aims to encourage further research teacher education and distance learning to discuss potential alternatives to certification and creative ways to embed flexibility into teacher preparation. Substantial changes can lower the quality of a program and significantly decrease effectiveness while increasing data misrepresentation. Distance learning can potentially limit quality supervision and teacher mentoring. In addition, pre-service teachers will enter classrooms with substantially fewer clinical practice hours.
The Relationship HUBUNGAN ASUPAN LEMAK, ASUPAN GARAM DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI UPT. PUSKESMAS SINGKAWANG TIMUR I
Authors: Haska Yulia Farahdini 
Published: January 2021

Hipertensi sering disebut sebagai silent killer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan lemak, asupan garam dan status gizi terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di UPT. Puskesmas Singkawang Timur I. Sampel diambil berdasarkan accidental sampling dengan alat pengumpul data berupa kuesioner dan formulir food fecal. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden dengan asupan lemak tinggi dengan tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 57 orang (78.1%); responden dengan asupan garam tinggi memiliki tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 40 orang (54.8%); responden dengan status gizi normal memiliki tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 56 orang (76.72%); dan responden dengan status gizi obesitas memiliki tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 17 orang (23.28%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara asupan lemak dengan tekanan darah dan juga tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Namun, terdapat hubungan antara asupan garam dengan tekanan darah pada pasien di UPT. Puskesmas Singkawang Timur I.
Kata Kunci: Lemak, Garam, Hipertensi
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP WARGA DESA SENANING KECAMATAN KETUNGAU HULU KABUPATEN SINTANG TENTANG PENYAKIT MALARIA KNOWLESI
Authors: Z Djalika 
Published: January 2021

Malaria knowlesi dikonfirmasi sebagai zoonosis endemik di Borneo Malaysia pada tahun 2004. Analisis molekular menunjukan bahwa 58% kasus malaria di Sarawak, Malaysia disebabkan oleh P. knowlesi. Karena Desa Senaning Kecamatan Ketungau Hulu, Kabupaten Sintang merupakan desa yang berbatasan dengan Serawak, Malaysia, desa ini memiliki potensi terjadinya penularan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap serta karakteristik responden di Desa Senaning Kecamatan Ketungau Hulu Kabupaten Sintang tentang penyakit malaria knowlesi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumennya adalah kuisioner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 93 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa distribusi proporsi dominan dalam penelitian ini jenis kelamin laki-laki (51,61%), kelompok usia dewasa awal 26-35 tahun (26,88%), tamat perguruan tinggi (34,41%), petani/ buruh (34,41%). Responden penelitian ini memiliki pengetahuan cukup (49,5%) dan sikap cukup (68,8%).
Kata kunci: Malaria Knowlesi, Pengetahuan, Sikap, Zoonosis