bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Enhancement and Nitriding Process of Fe Atomic Layers on Si (111)-7×7-CH3OH Surface
Authors: Li Wenxin , Ding Wanyu , Gong Youping , Ju Dongying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fe atoms were steamed on Si(111)-7×7 surface, which had been saturated by CH3OH. Aim to greatly enhance the magnetic performance, nitriding experiments were implemented and adjusted on the existing linear Fe clusters. First of all, the dissociation of CH3OH adsorption process was deducted in detail, which laid a good foundation for the better use of surface quasi-potential. Further to solve the coming problems like weak linearity and low nitriding effect, the formation mechanism of iron-nitride was explored. Atomic layers of Fe deposition are confirmed as the key to NH3 dissociation process (at room temperature). Specifically, the higher Fe atomic layer contacted by NH3, the weaker influence of surface quasi-potential. With the introduction of Ar, Fe deposition could be controlled at 1-2 atomic layers, result in good NH3 dissociation and nitriding efficiency. Combing with magnetic performance result, the density of residual magnetization is improved from 1.5E-0.5 emu to 7.0E-0.5 emu, forming an obvious linear structure. It is also proved that our new linear iron-nitride clusters will maintain good stability with the improvement of nitriding efficiency.PACS: 07.79.Cz; 81.15.-z; 75.75.Fk
Cadmium in Cacao: ‘From Soil to Bar’ the Journey of Cadmium at a Farm Level
Authors: Bravo Daniel , Santander Margareth , Rodríguez Jader , Escobar Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-nutritive element present across the earth. In cacao crops from South America, Cd has become one of the biggest challenges due to its flux from soils, and due to the enriched content of this metal, it makes its way into the beans and finally affects the chocolate quality. This manuscript aims to show how the flux of Cd occurs, from the soil to the post-harvest phase and chocolate production, by analysing the possible inputs to the system in a single farm assessed as a model for enriched-Cd status. This study shows that both geogenic and anthropogenic activities have an incidence on the final Cd content in chocolate, especially with respect to soil properties, fertiliser applications, post-harvest treatments and chocolate production.
Isolated Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia- Type B of Ileum: a Rare Occurrence
Authors: Rao Ram Nawal , Sengar Pratishtha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B in the gastrointestinal tract is a rare occurrence and may occur alone or in combination with Hirschsprung disease. Distal colon seems to be frequent site for isolated IND-B cases, however small bowel involvement is scarcely reported. Case presentation: We report a case of 9 years old boy presenting with features of intestinal pseudo-obstruction for 5 years. Exploratory laparotomy revealed narrowed distal ileum with huge proximal dilatation. Histopathology of the resected terminal ileum revealed giant submucosal ganglion, hyperplastic submucosal nerves and ectopic ganglion cells in the lamina propria suggestive of IND-B.Conclusions: Although IND-B involving ileum is a rare occurrence, suspicion should be kept in cases of intestinal obstruction with minimal response to conventional treatment.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Is A Direct Target of The RAN-GTP Pathway And Mediated The Invasion, Migration And Metastasis of Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: El-Tanani Mohamed , Lee Yin-Fai , Haggag Yusuf , Sutherland Mark , Zhang Shu-Dong , Plat-Higgins Angela , Rudland Philip S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Ras-related nuclear protein (RAN) causses increases in invasion in vitro and is associated with early breast cancer patients deaths in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Methods: Effect of RAN expression on potential targets MMP2, ATF3, CXCR3 was measured by Real-Time PCR / Western blots. Effects of MMP2 and RAN expression on cancer cell lines (e.g. MDA-MB231) was mearured by soft-agar, cell adhesion, and invasion assays. Correlation between MMP2 and RAN and patient survival times was examined in breast cancer patients.Results: Knockdown of RAN lead toreduction of MMP2 and its potential regulators ATF3 and CXCR3 in breast cancer cell lines. Knockdown of ATF3 or CXCR3 downregulates MMP2 without affecting RAN, indicating that RAN regulates MMP2 through ATF3 and CXCR3. Both knockdown of RAN and MMP2 reduced cell adhesion, migration and growth in agar invasion whilst overexpression of MMP2 reversed the knockdown of RAN. Moreover, the level of immunoreactive RAN and MMP2 are positively associated with each other and with patient survival times, respectively in breast cancer specimens, suggesting that a high level of RAN may be a pre-requisite for MMP2 overexpression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MMP2 expression can stratify progression of breast cancers with a high and low incidence of RAN and both RAN and MMP2 in combination can be used for accurate patient stratification of breast cancer metastasis.
Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Growth and Nutrient Status in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Plant
Authors: Thoker Sameer Ahmad , patel sapan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The greatest challenge of today’s agriculture is to feed the growing population and restore the natural resources. World over demand of crops in market is more than production. Indian crop production needs to be doubled and just to maintain the present precipitate consumption. . Excessive use of chemical fertilizers causes environmental pollution both at the manufacturing and application sites. It is therefore most necessary to reduce the dependence on chemical inputs in agriculture. This is possible only through eco friendly approaches of farming system. Besides other biotechnological interventions, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could be used as bio inoculants for promotion of growth, development, quality and yield of vegetables that too under an Integrated Plant Growth substances management system. Mycorrhizal fungi are used in conventional agriculture to improve crop production and productivity.Methods: A pot culture was performed at Botanical Garden of School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University Gwalior to examine the effect of Glomus hoi on growth and certain biochemical parameters. Plants were raised in triplicates for different mycorrhizal species through the pot culture, containing sterile soil. Plastic pots of 18” × 12”size were used for this purpose. Pots were placed at a sunny place after the seed sowing. And after the seed germination, plants were irrigated as when requiredResults: After germination the inoculated plants along with their controls were be sampled at 30, 60 and 90 days. During sampling it was found that due to AMF symbiosis all growth and biochemical parameters like plant were increased in all AMF treated plants.
Clinical Outcome after Resection Rectopexy in patients with Constipation and Rectal Prolapse
Authors: Poljo Adisa , Klugsberger Bettina , Klimbacher Günther , Schimetta Wolfgang , Shamiyeh Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Laparoscopic resection rectopexy (LRR) is an established procedure for the treatment of rectal prolapse. This study evaluated constipation and gastrointestinal quality of life in patients before and after LRR for rectal prolapse.
Methods

30 patients (24 females, 6 males) underwent laparoscopic anterior (n = 14), posterior (n = 8) and suture resection rectopexy (n = 8) for rectal prolapse during 2010–2020. 25 were retrospectively evaluated for constipation and gastrointestinal quality of life using validated Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score (CCCS) and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI).
Results

Constipation score was significantly reduced from median 16.0 ± 6.4 to 6.0 ± 4.7 after 68.0 ± 42.8 months (p < 0.001). Constipation was improved in 20 patients (80.0%), unaltered in 2 patients and worse in 3 patients. Prior abdominal surgeries were associated with less improvement for constipation (p < 0,05). Significant improvement in GIQLI score was observed, with median total GIQLI score increasing from 95.0 ± 14.8 to 124.0 ± 18.2 (p < 0.001). Quality of life improved in 21 patients (84.0%). Positive changes were also observed in GIQLI subgroups of gastrointestinal symptoms, emotions, physical status, social dysfunction and effects of medical treatment (p < 0.001). There was no difference in outcome between the three procedures.
Conclusion

Laparoscopic resection rectopexy for rectal prolapse is safe, feasible, and very effective regarding both perioperative results and long-term functional outcome. Our results suggest that LRR significantly improves constipation in patients with outlet obstruction and clearly contributes to a higher quality of life.
The labour-oriented, collective intelligence of ours: economic systems seen through the eyes of a neural network
Authors: Waśniewski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article explores and substantiates the hypothesis that capital investment and real output in national economies are instrumental to the optimization of labour markets, i.e. human societies are oriented, most of all, on shaping their labour markets so as to assure an equilibrium between demographic growth and the set of social roles available. An original method, largely based on the Interface Theory of Perception, studies economic systems as manifestations of collective intelligence, learning by evolutionary tinkering with itself. An artificial neural network is used to study economic systems as Markov chains of states, and to discover their structuring σ-algebras, which turn out being oriented mostly on optimizing the compensation of labour and the average workload per person per year.
COVID-19 and The Livelihood of the Poor Peoples in some sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wana Hika , Kudhama Gezahang , Tadesse Bona 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is attempting to investigate in some sub-Saharan Africa risk due to COVID-19 and its impact on the livelihood of the poor based on an eyewitness, firsthand information and reports and Asses the tradeoff between the slogan of “stay at home” and the daily activity of the poor in the Africa. Subject and Methods: The article was used both systematic and empirical analysis approach to get brief idea on the COVI-19 and the Livelihood of the poor in the continent. The study looks highly about COVID-19 and economic contraction and political instability in the continent. The poor lose again, fiscal risk, export reduction, domestic violence and remittance lock are the main portion were clearly reviewed in this review article. Results: The article revealed that from all classes of people, the poor become poorest and livelihood of the marginalized people become critical question. Consequently, unemployment, inflation and income inequality are aggravated as pandemic arise in Africa. Most of oil exporting country like Nigeria, agricultural export country like Ethiopia, Kenya and Ivory coast are getting worse due to lock down. Conclusion: Slowing economic growth will undermine the ability of governments to provide basic public services in the medium term. The reputation of the security forces will further deteriorate as they struggle to enforce lockdowns with limited resources and discipline. Finally, the author suggest that Africa should follow FIDH and WB to arise from these ashes of destruction.
Physical Rehabilitation: A Gap in Care Following all Types of Breast Cancer Surgery.
Authors: McGhee Deirdre E , Steele Julie R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the access to and content of physical rehabilitation received by women after different types of breast cancer surgery. Methods: On-line survey of 632 Australia women (59.8 years SD 9.6) grouped according to their last reported breast cancer surgery: (i) breast conserving surgery (BCS; n=228), (ii) mastectomy (n=208; MAST), and (iii) breast reconstruction (BRS; n=196). Respondents retrospectively reported the physical rehabilitation education and treatment they received for six physical side-effects. Chi square of analysis of the percentage of respondents who received any form of physical rehabilitation for each physical side-effect amongst the three groups. Tabulation of the percentage of the entire cohort (n=632) that had lymph nodes removed, post-operative complications, or pre-existing musculoskeletal issues who received any form of physical rehabilitation as part of standard post-operative care.Results: No significant difference was found in the percentage of respondents who received any form of physical rehabilitation across the three groups, except for the physical side-effects of lymphoedema and breast support issues. Substantial variation was found in the percentage that received physical rehabilitation across the different physical side-effects. Physical rehabilitation for shoulder issues and lymphoedema was received by 75% and 70% of respondents respectively as part of standard care, compared to scar and torso issues and physical discomfort disturbing sleep, where less than 50% received any form of physical rehabilitation. Conclusion: Access to physical rehabilitation is poor following all types of breast cancer surgery, with gaps in the physical rehabilitation provided for specific physical side-effects.
Design of an Ultra-thin Hepta-band Metamaterial Absorber for Sensing Applications
Authors: Jain Prince , Prakash Krishna , Gupta Neena , Sardana Neha , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Arun Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An ultra-thin metamaterial absorber (MMA) comprises of a split-ring-cross (SRC)-shaped resonator coupled with graphene and dielectric layer backed by metallic ground plane is presented for hepta-band applications. The proposed absorber demonstrates multiple absorption peaks at 2.33, 5.24, 7.74, 8.25, 10.05, 10.97 and 12.61 THz with average absorption more than 96 % . The physical mechanism of the hepta-band absorption is analyzing by electric field distribution and attributed to the combination of dipolar and LC resonance. Furthermore, the effect of geometric parameters is analyzed to validate the optimal selection of the structural parameters. In addition, proposed MMA is analyzed for different incident and polarization angles suggesting that absorption response is insensitive to polarization angles. Compared with the previously reported MMAs, proposed design is ultra-thin (0.036λ) and compact (0.21λ) at the lowest operational frequency. The absorptivity at 12.61 THz is 99.81 % and the corresponding quality (Q) factor is 31.52 for a bandwidth of 0.40 THz. The proposed absorber can be potentially utilized in detection, sensing and imaging. Moreover, sensing performance of the proposed MMA has been investigated using overlayer thickness and overlayer permittivity.
Centrifugal and Numerical Investigation of Surface Fault Rupture Hazard Mitigation for Shallow Foundations Using Micro-Piles&nbsp;
Authors: Azizkandi Alireza Saeedi , Majidi Sheida , Ghavami Sadegh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Surface fault rupturing mostly contributes to either large-scale destruction or minor damage of the constructions and the infrastructures which are built across fault zones. Among the numerous mitigation strategies which have been suggested, a novel approach refers to implementing expanded polystyrene sheets (EPS) wall to deviate the fault rupture. However, the shallow foundations which are protected by EPS walls still rotate in some particular positions toward the fault rupture. This study investigates the probability of deviating the reverse fault rupture by installing a strong inclined wall (SIW) beneath the surface foundation both physically and numerically. Due to the effectiveness of adopting the mentioned method, a further three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) modeling is conducted, employing the validated numerical model to divide the SIW into a row of strong inclined micro-piles (SIMPs). The installation of SIMPs in both a convenient and environmentally friendly strategy was carried out and the pivotal parameters of designing such micro-piles including their diameter, the angle of installation, and the optimal distance between each two-consecutive implemented micro-piles were investigated in a parametric study. The results indicate that executing a well-designed row of micro-piles with the proper angle of installation can protect a surface foundation against a reverse fault rupture.
Intraventricular T3 reverses chronic restraint stress-induced depressive-like behaviors: Inhibition of NF-κB/ NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the hippocampus
Authors: Mokhtari Tahmineh , El-Kenawy AymanEl-Meghawry , Hu Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) were evaluated on the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex formation in the rat's hippocampus with restraint stress-induced depressive-like behaviors.Thirty-six Wistar male rats were randomly allocated to following groups: Control, Model, and Model + T3. In the Model or Model+T3 group, a single dose of PBS or T3 was administered into the lateral ventricle. Depressive-like behaviors were induced by chronic restraint stress. The forced swimming (FST), tail suspension (TST), and open field (OFT) tests were used to investigate the depression. The rats were sacrificed, and brain tissues were stored for molecular and pathological evaluations. Chronic stress increased the immobility of rats in the Model group according to FST, TST, and OFT (P < 0.05). T3 significantly improved depressive-like behaviors (P < 0.05). The gene expression and protein level of hippocampal nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and Caspase-1 significantly increased in the Model group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The reduced hippocampal levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were observed in the T3 group compared to the Model group (P < 0.05). The Nissl staining of the CA1 region showed an increased number of dark neurons (P < 0.05) and reduced pyramidal layer thickness (P < 0.05) in the Model group. These histopathological alterations were changed by T3 administration compared to the Model group (P < 0.05). The findings confirmed the therapeutic effects of intraventricularly T3 on depressive-like behaviors induced by restraint stress via surviving pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region and inhibition of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Copolymerization of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) produced by Azotobacter vinelandii OPNA is determined by the oxygen transfer rate of the culture
Authors: Pedraza Angie Johanna Torres , Salgado-Lugo Holjes , Segura Daniel , Pena Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the composition of poly-3-hydoxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) by an OPNA mutant strain of Azotobacter vinelandii cultured under different conditions. In shaken flasks, the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) significantly affected the PHBV composition, the highest content of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) (28%) was achieved from the cultures developed at high OTR max (5.87 mmol L -1 h -1 ). In the bioreactor, the cultures were grown under oxygen limited conditions and different OTRs, varying the agitation rate. The highest PHBV accumulation (85%) was achieved at low OTR max (4.96 mmol L -1 h -1 ), whereas, the maximum content of 3HV (8.5 mol%) was obtained at higher OTR max (20.3 mmol L -1 h -1 ). Our results reveal that increasing the OTR rises the molar fraction of 3HV in the PHBV copolymer. Therefore, the manipulation of OTR could be a feasible strategy to produce PHBV copolymers with different monomeric compositions at industrial level.
Effects of Textile Effluent Fertilization on Germination, Growth and Metabolites of Chilli (Capsicum annum) Cultivars
Authors: SINGH RATAN , Rathore Dheeraj 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nutrients deficiency in soil suppresses crop growth, yield and nutritional value of the products. Textile effluent, a rich source of several essential minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, etc.) required for the plant growth, could be a vital option to supplement minerals to accomplish the nutrient availability of soil. Although presence of some toxic metals and organic compound restrict its use as irrigation water, its controlled use as fertilizer was not studied so far. This study was undertaken to assess the eco-friendly utilization method of textile industry effluent by applying the same into chilli (Capsicum annum L.) cropping system for its suitability and potentiality as macro and micronutrient supplement. Result of the experiment showed no inhibitory effect of textile effluent on seed germination, while its fertilization as soil drench worked as nutrient supplement for growth in chilli cultivars. Textile effluent fertilization enhances plant biomass up to 124.47% and 110.85% in chilli cultivar GVC-101 and GVC-121, respectively. Total carbohydrate and foliar protein was also favoured by effluent fertilization. Lower RSR and least proline accumulation suggested reduced stress due to textile effluent fertilization. Study concluded that the lower dose of textile effluent fertilization can function as nutrient supplement with chilli cultivars and 20% (v/v) dilution provide most favourable results.
Greater Rhizosphere Effects on the Production and Retention of NH4+ Than on Those of NO3- in Alpine Coniferous Forests
Authors: Zhu Xiaomin , Liu Dongyan , Yin Huajun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While multiple evidences have demonstrated that root-derived carbon (C) can profoundly regulate mineral nitrogen (N) cycling, it is still not elucidated whether tree roots differentially modulate the production and retention of ammonium (NH4+) versus nitrate (NO3-) through rhizosphere effect (RE). Using the 15N isotope labeling technique, we investigated how plant roots regulate the production and retention of NH4+ and NO3- via rhizosphere processes, and thus affect soil N availability in soils of two alpine coniferous forests. Synchronously, the activities of enzymes associated with N cycling and soil physicochemical properties in the rhizosphere and bulk soils were measured to explain the underlying mechanism. The results showed that roots induced greater positive REs of gross mineralization, microbial NH4+ immobilization, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) to improve rhizosphere NH4+ availability. These positive REs can be attributed to the higher microbial biomass C and N and higher activities of N cycling-associated enzymes fueled by root-derived C. In contrast, the REs on NO3- production were negative, corresponding to the higher soil C:N ratio and higher microbial NH4+ immobilization in the rhizosphere soil than in the bulk soil, which led to relatively low NO3- availability in the rhizosphere. Collectively, our study provides field-based empirical evidence that plant roots can stimulate NH4+ production and immobilization, whereas they can limit NO3- production to achieve a high rhizosphere NH4+ supply in alpine coniferous forests. These findings provide comprehensive insights into how plants sustain their nutrition and growth by soil microbial N processes in their rhizosphere.