bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of COVID‐19 pandemic on global stock markets: Return, volatility, and bad state probability dynamics
Authors: Basuony Mohamed A. K. , Bouaddi Mohammed , Ali Heba , EmadEldeen Rehab 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on stock returns, conditional volatility, conditional skewness and bad state probability. This study utilizes an asymmetric exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model to capture the asymmetric effect of positive and negative shocks (news) on conditional volatility. Using a sample consisting of international stock market indices in Brazil, China, Italy, India, Germany, Russia, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States, over the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020, we find unprecedented increases in conditional volatilities and bad state probabilities across all the markets. However, this impact is not symmetric across markets. Furthermore, we find that the negative affect of deaths is more pronounced, compared to the positive impact of recovered cases.
A model for equilibrium swelling of the upper critical solution temperature type thermoresponsive hydrogels
Authors: Drozdov Aleksey D , deClaville Christiansen Jesper 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThermoresponsive gels of the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) type shrink below their critical temperature and swell above it. Changes in water uptake by these gels are driven by thermally induced dissociation of hydrogen or ionic bonds between chains. A simple model is developed for the description of the equilibrium swelling of thermophilic gels with hydrogen bonds. To confirm its ability to describe observations, equilibrium swelling diagrams are fitted on poly(acrylamide‐acrylic acid) and poly(acrylamide‐acrylonitrile) macroscopic gels and microgels with various structures (copolymer gels, gels with interpenetrating networks, nanocomposite gels), as well as on biocompatible poly(N‐acryloyl‐glycinamide) and poly(allylurea‐co‐allylamine) gels. Numerical simulation reveals that material parameters evolve consistently with molar fractions of crosslinker, hydrophobic and hydrophilic comonomers in the feed, degree of ionization of functional groups, and concentration of nanofiller. It is shown that the model can also be applied to describe observations on thermophilic zwitterionic gels. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Proteomic analysis of Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis flagella reveal unique post‐translational modifications in tubulin that provide clues to regulation of their motilities
Authors: Sudhakar Aparna , Kamanna Sathisha , Bojja Mallikarjun , Tatu Utpal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAll eukaryotic flagella are made of microtubules and driven by dynein motor proteins. However, every organism is unique in terms of its flagellar waveform, beat frequency, and its general motility pattern. With recent research, it is becoming clear that despite overall conservation in flagellar structure, the pattern of tubulin post‐translational modifications within the flagella are diverse and may contribute to variations in their patterns of motility. In this study, we have analyzed the tubulin post‐translational modification in the protozoan parasites Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis using global, untargeted mass spectrometry. We show that tubulin monoglycylation is a modification localized to the flagella present in G. lamblia but absent in T. vaginalis. We also show the presence of glutamylated tubulin in both G. lamblia and T. vaginalis. Using MS/MS, we were also able to identify the previously unknown sites of monoglycylation in β‐tubulin at E438 and E439 in G. lamblia. Using isolated flagella, we also characterized the flagellar proteome in G. lamblia and T. vaginalis and identified 475 proteins in G. lamblia and 386 proteins in T. vaginalis flagella. Altogether, the flagellar proteomes as well as the sites of tubulin PTMs in these organisms, reveal potential mechanisms in regulating flagellar motilities in these neglected protozoan parasites.
A systematic review of surfactant delivery via laryngeal mask airway, pharyngeal instillation, and aerosolization: Methods, limitations, and outcomes
Authors: Devi Usha , Roberts Kari D. , Pandita Aakash 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLess invasive surfactant administration methods without laryngoscopy and endotracheal catheterization include delivery via laryngeal mask airway, pharyngeal instillation, and aerosolization. These less invasive techniques are promising and have several advantages over INSURE (Intubation‐Surfactant‐Extubation) and thin catheter techniques. The objective of this review is to discuss the requisites, techniques, short‐term outcomes, and adverse events associated with these methods.
Management of parapneumonic pleural effusion in children: Is there a role for corticosteroids when conventional nonsurgical management fails? A single‐center 15‐year experience
Authors: Thimmesch Matthieu , Mulder André , Lebrun Frédéric , Piérart Frédéric , Genin Caroline , Loeckx Isabelle , Demaret Pierre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveDescription of the use of corticosteroids for the management of parapneumonic pleural effusion in children.MethodsRetrospective single‐center observational study of all children hospitalized with a diagnosis of parapneumonic pleural effusion during a 15‐year period.ResultsWe documented 97 cases of parapneumonic effusion during the study period, with a median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of 43 (33–61) months. Most of the children benefited from an evacuation of the pleural effusion (89/97, 91.8%): 21 patients (21.6%) were treated with needle thoracocentesis only, while a chest tube was inserted in 68 children (70.1%). Thirty‐two patients (33%) were treated with intrapleural fibrinolysis. Fifty‐five children (56.7%) received corticosteroids for persistent fever. The median time (IQR) between hospital admission and initiation of corticosteroids was 5.5 (4–7) days. When corticosteroids were initiated, children had been febrile for 9 (IQR: 8–11) days. The fever ceased in a median (IQR) of 0 (0–1) day after corticosteroids initiation. Only one patient required a video‐assisted thoracoscopy that was necessary for morphological reasons (morbid obesity). No children treated with corticosteroids required surgery. All children were discharged from hospital. The median (IQR) hospital length of stay was 11 (8–14) days, with no difference between children with and those without corticosteroids.ConclusionOur findings indicate that corticosteroids may be a part of the therapeutic armamentarium for children with parapneumonic effusion when conventional nonsurgical management fails.
The ERA5 global reanalysis: Preliminary extension to 1950
Authors: Bell Bill , Hersbach Hans , Simmons Adrian , Berrisford Paul , Dahlgren Per , Horányi András , Muñoz‐Sabater Joaquín , Nicolas Julien , Radu Raluca , Schepers Dinand , Soci Cornel , Villaume Sebastien , Bidlot Jean‐Raymond , Haimberger Leo , Woollen Jack , Buontempo Carlo , Thépaut Jean‐Noël 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe extension of the ERA5 reanalysis back to 1950 supplements the previously published segment covering 1979 to the present. It features the assimilation of additional conventional observations, as well as improved use of early satellite data. The number of observations assimilated increases from 53,000 per day in early 1950 to 570,000 per day by the end of 1978. Accordingly, the quality of the reanalysis improves throughout the period, generally joining seamlessly with the segment covering 1979 to the present. The fidelity of the extension is illustrated by the accurate depiction of the North Sea storm of 1953, and the events leading to the first discovery of sudden stratospheric warmings in 1952. Time series of ERA5 global surface temperature anomalies show temperatures to be relatively stable from 1950 until the late 1970s, in agreement with the other contemporary full‐input reanalysis covering this period and with independent data sets, although there are significant differences in the accuracy of representing specific regions, Europe being well represented in the early period but Australia less so. The variability of ERA5 precipitation from month to month agrees well with observations for all continents, with correlations above 90% for most of Europe and generally in excess of 70% for North America, Asia and Australia. The evolution of upper air temperatures, humidities and winds shows smoothly varying behaviour, including tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling, modulated by volcanic eruptions. The Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation is well represented throughout. Aspects to be improved upon in future reanalyses include the assimilation of tropical cyclone data, the spin‐up of soil moisture and stratospheric humidity, and the representation of surface temperatures over Australia.
Confined Fe Catalysts for High‐Density SWNT Arrays Growth: a New Territory for Catalyst‐Substrate Interaction Engineering
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhang Hongjie , Zhang Shuchen , He Chao , Wang Ying , Wang Taibin , Du Ran , Qian Jinjie , Li Pan , Zhang Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGreat efforts have been devoted to searching for efficient catalytic systems to produce ultra‐high density single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays, which lay the foundation for future electronic devices. However, one major obstacle for realizing high‐density surface‐aligned SWNT arrays is the poor stability of metal nanoparticles in chemical vapor deposition catalytic processes. Recently, Trojan catalyst has been reported to yield unprecedented high‐density SWNT arrays with 130 SWNTs per µm on the a‐plane (11‐20) of the sapphire substrate. Herein, a concept of catalyst confinement effect is put forward to revealing the secret of remarkable growth efficiency of SWNT arrays by Trojan catalyst. Combined experimental and theoretical studies indicate that confinement of catalyst nanoparticles on discrete a‐plane strips plays a key role in stabilizing the small nanoparticles. The highly dispersive and active states of catalysts are maintained, which promote the growth of super‐dense SWNT arrays. By rationally designing the substrate reconstruction process, large areas of dense SWNT arrays (130 SWNTs per µm) covering the entire substrate are obtained. This approach may provide novel ideas for the synthesis of various high‐density 1D nanomaterials.
Goals and challenges in hybrid software development approaches
Authors: Prenner Nils , Unger‐Windeler Carolin , Schneider Kurt 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe number of companies that use agile methods increases steadily. However, these companies often do not implement a pure agile approach but combine agile and plan‐based methods to so‐called hybrid development approaches. However, the development of these approaches is rather difficult for the companies, since agile and plan‐based approaches often follow opposite concepts. To benefit from agile and plan‐based approaches at the same time, the companies have to identify and address the conflicts between agile and plan‐based methods. The conflicts depend on the goals that are pursued with the implementation of agile and plan‐based methods. However, there is no overview of the exact goals that are pursued in hybrid approaches and which challenges and conflicts arise with them. Therefore, we conducted a systematic mapping study to gather and analyze the goals and challenges in hybrid development approaches. The mapping study is focused on literature that presents the actual needs and goals of companies and projects. Based on our results, we present the influence factors that cause conflicts in hybrid approaches and discuss how these conflicts can be addressed.
Complementarity between dark matter direct searches and CEνNS experiments in U(1)′ models
Authors: de la Vega Leon M. G. , Flores L. J. , Nath Newton , Peinado Eduardo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We explore the possibility of having a fermionic dark matter candidate within U(1)′ models for CEνNS experiments in light of the latest COHERENT data and the current and future dark matter direct detection experiments. A vector-like fermionic dark matter has been introduced which is charged under U(1)′ symmetry, naturally stable after spontaneous symmetry breaking. We perform a complementary investigation using CEνNS experiments and dark matter direct detection searches to explore dark matter as well as Z′ boson parameter space. Depending on numerous other constraints arising from the beam dump, LHCb, BABAR, and the forthcoming reactor experiment proposed by the SBC collaboration, we explore the allowed region of Z′ portal dark matter.
Heavy quark jet production near threshold
Authors: Dai Lin , Kim Chul , Leibovich Adam K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the fragmentation of a heavy quark into a jet near threshold, meaning that final state jet carries most of the energy of the fragmenting heavy quark. Using the heavy quark fragmentation function, we simultaneously resum large logarithms of the jet radius R and 1 − z, where z is the ratio of the jet energy to the initiating heavy quark energy. There are numerically significant corrections to the leading order rate due to this resummation. We also investigate the heavy quark fragmentation to a groomed jet, using the soft drop grooming algorithm as an example. In order to do so, we introduce a collinear-ultrasoft mode sensitive to the grooming region determined by the algorithm’s zcut parameter. This allows us to resum large logarithms of zcut/(1 − z), again leading to large numerical corrections near the endpoint. A nice feature of the analysis of the heavy quark fragmenting to a groomed jet is the heavy quark mass m renders the algorithm infrared finite, allowing a perturbative calculation. We analyze this for EJR ∼ m and EJR » m, where EJ is the jet energy. To do the latter case, we introduce an ultracollinear-soft mode, allowing us to resum large logarithms of EJR/m. Finally, as an application we calculate the rate for e+e− collisions to produce a heavy quark jet in the endpoint region, where we show that grooming effects have a sizable contribution near the endpoint.
Defect segmentation for multi-illumination quality control systems
Authors: Honzátko David , Türetken Engin , Bigdeli Siavash A. , Dunbar L. Andrea , Fua Pascal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThanks to recent advancements in image processing and deep learning techniques, visual surface inspection in production lines has become an automated process as long as all the defects are visible in a single or a few images. However, it is often necessary to inspect parts under many different illumination conditions to capture all the defects. Training deep networks to perform this task requires large quantities of annotated data, which are rarely available and cumbersome to obtain. To alleviate this problem, we devised an original augmentation approach that, given a small image collection, generates rotated versions of the images while preserving illumination effects, something that random rotations cannot do. We introduce three real multi-illumination datasets, on which we demonstrate the effectiveness of our illumination preserving rotation approach. Training deep neural architectures with our approach delivers a performance increase of up to 51% in terms of AuPRC score over using standard rotations to perform data augmentation.
Compositional modeling of railway Virtual Coupling with Stochastic Activity Networks
Authors: Flammini Francesco , Marrone Stefano , Nardone Roberto , Vittorini Valeria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current travel demand in railways requires the adoption of novel approaches and technologies in order to increase network capacity. Virtual Coupling is considered one of the most innovative solutions to increase railway capacity by drastically reducing train headway. The aim of this paper is to provide an approach to investigate the potential of Virtual Coupling in railways by composing stochastic activity networks model templates. The paper starts describing the Virtual Coupling paradigm with a focus on standard European railway traffic controllers. Based on stochastic activity network model templates, we provide an approach to perform quantitative evaluation of capacity increase in reference Virtual Coupling scenarios. The approach can be used to estimate system capacity over a modelled track portion, accounting for the scheduled service as well as possible failures. Due to its modularity, the approach can be extended towards the inclusion of safety model components. The contribution of this paper is a preliminary result of the PERFORMINGRAIL (PERformance-based Formal modelling and Optimal tRaffic Management for movING-block RAILway signalling) project funded by the European Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking.
Microbial occurrence in liquid nitrogen storage tanks: a challenge for cryobanking?
Authors: Bajerski Felizitas , Nagel Manuela , Overmann Joerg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Modern biobanks maintain valuable living materials for medical diagnostics, reproduction medicine, and conservation purposes. To guarantee high quality during long-term storage and to avoid metabolic activities, cryostorage is often conducted in the N2 vapour phase or in liquid nitrogen (LN) at temperatures below − 150 °C. One potential risk of cryostorage is microbial cross contamination in the LN storage tanks. The current review summarises data on the occurrence of microorganisms that may compromise the safety and quality of biological materials during long-term storage. We assess the potential for the microbial contamination of LN in storage tanks holding different biological materials based on the detection by culture-based and molecular approaches. The samples themselves, the LN, the human microbiome, and the surrounding environment are possible routes of contamination and can cause cross contaminations via the LN phase. In general, the results showed that LN is typically not the source of major contaminations and only a few studies provided evidence for a risk of microbial cross contamination. So far, culture-based and culture-independent techniques detected only low amounts of microbial cells, indicating that cross contamination may occur at a very low frequency. To further minimise the potential risk of microbial cross contaminations, we recommend reducing the formation of ice crystals in cryotanks that can entrap environmental microorganisms and using sealed or second sample packing. A short survey demonstrated the awareness for microbial contaminations of storage containers among different culture collections. Although most participants consider the risk of cross contaminations in LN storage tanks as low, they prevent potential contaminations by using sealed devices and − 150 °C freezers. It is concluded that the overall risk for cross contaminations in biobanks is relatively low when following standard operating procedures (SOPs). We evaluated the potential sources in detail and summarised our results in a risk assessment spreadsheet which can be used for the quality management of biobanks.

Key points
• Identification of potential contaminants and their sources in LN storage tanks.
• Recommendations to reduce this risk of LN storage tank contamination.
• Development of a risk assessment spreadsheet to support quality management.
Parental Views on the Non‐Operative Management of Simple Appendicitis in Children: Results of a Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Ensor N. , Qin K. R. , Sivasubramaniam M. , Roddis B. , Mayakaduwage K. , Pacilli M. , Nataraja R. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine parental attitudes for the non‐operative management of simple appendicitis and determine willingness to participate in research evaluating different management options.MethodVoluntary cross‐sectional survey of parents/guardians presenting to paediatric outpatient department. Likert scale of 0–10 (strongly disagree–strongly agree) was utilised, analysis by individual question responses. Results are presented as medians [IQR], paired t test, the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test analysis as appropriate. A p value of < 0.05 is considered significant.ResultsOf 311 respondents, 81% (252/311) completed all the questions. The majority (73%, 220/303) believed that appendicitis needed an urgent operation, and 88% (264/299) believed that perforated appendicitis was a life‐threatening condition. Fifty‐two per cent (131/252) preferred operative management, and 48% (121/252) preferred antibiotic treatment. The most important factors influencing treatment choice were removal of pain (84%, 246/293), removal of infection (83%, 244/293) and minimising complications (54%, 162/293). Concerns regarding antibiotic treatment included the potential for recurrence (75%, 204/271), the risk of progression (63%, 170/271) and the potential of future surgery (53%, 145/271). The perceived beneficial factors of antibiotic treatment included avoiding surgery, 64% (173/269) and surgical complications 68% (184/269). When asked to consider whether they would participate in clinical research evaluating the two treatment options, parents were equally in favour (39%), against (26%) or unsure (35%).ConclusionOur study demonstrates equipoise in the parental acceptance of antibiotics as a treatment simple appendicitis in children, or participation in research evaluating this topic. However, the important factors that may influence this decision have been identified to guide future conversations.
Prevalence of large vessel vasculitis in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Coattrenec Yann , Muller Yannick D. , Spoerl David , Lobrinus Johannes A. , Seebach Jörg D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) in general involves small blood vessels and includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Although reported in a few studies, the prevalence of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) in patients with AAV remains to be further explored. The goal of the present study was to assess the prevalence of LVV in a cohort of patients with AAV and to characterize this population. We conducted a ten-year retrospective study of a single-center cohort of AAV, including 101 patients with GPA (n = 58), EGPA (n = 28), MPA (n = 15), and compared the groups with or without associated LVV. LVV was diagnosed in five patients, two with aortitis and three with temporal arteritis, corresponding to a total prevalence of 5.0% [95% CI 1.6–11.2%]. This value was significantly higher than the estimated prevalence of LVV in the normal Swiss population (OR 234.9 95% CI 91.18–605.2,p < 0.001). All five patients had GPA, whereas no cases with EGPA or MPA were identified. Anti-PR3 antibodies were detected in four out of five patients, anti-MPO in one patient. Since LVV can occur in a significant proportion of patients with GPA, evaluation for LVV may be considered systematically in the diagnostic workup of AAV.
Comments on the paper Study of effect of Gd substitution at the Fe site on structural, dielectric and electrical characteristics of BiFeO3 by L. Thansanga et al. (Appl. Phys. A. 125, 764 (2019))
Authors: Tomaszewski Paweł E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMy comments concern the severe errors in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. The correct formula is proposed to be Bi1-xGdxFeO3 instead of BiFe0.95Gd0.05O3. Thus, the actual composition of the studied crystal is not known. Furthermore, it is evident that the sample contains at least three different phases. The subsequent studies do not present the properties of the title compound.