bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 and gastrointestinal symptoms: A case report of a Mesenteric Large vessel obstruction
Authors: Nasseh Souhir , Trabelsi Med Mehdi , Oueslati Anouer , Haloui Nabil , Jerraya Hichem , Nouira Ramzi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 cases are increasing daily worldwide. With such emerging disease, the medical community should be aware of atypical clinical presentations in order to help with correct diagnosis, and to take the proper measures to isolate and treat patients to avoid healthcare professionals being infected and to limit its spread (SARS‐CoV‐2). Thrombogenesis in COVID‐19 has been described in few cases, but a thrombosis of a large digestive vessel has not been documented so far. Mesenteric ischemia due to an obstruction of a large vessel may be a new presentation of COVID‐19 infection.
Mapping the Electronic Structure and the Reactivity Trends for Stabilized α‐Boryl Carbanions
Authors: Maza Ricardo J. , Fernández Elena , Carbó Jorge J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe chemistry of stabilized α‐boryl carbanions shows remarkable diversity, and can enable many different synthetic routes towards efficient C−C bond formation. The electron‐deficient, trivalent boron center stabilizes the carbanion facilitating its generation and tuning its reactivity. Here, the electronic structure and the reactivity trends of a large dataset of α‐boryl carbanions are described. DFT‐derived parameters were used to capture their electronic and steric properties, computational reactivity towards model substrates, and crystallographic analysis within the Cambridge Structural Dataset. This study maps the reactivity space by systematically varying the nature of the boryl moiety, the substituents of the carbanionic center, the number of α‐boryl motifs, and the metal counterion. In general, the free carbanionic intermediates are described as borata‐alkene species with C−B π interactions polarized towards the carbon. Furthermore, it was possible to classify the α‐boryl alkylidene metal precursors into three classes directly related to their reactivity: 1) nucleophilic borata‐alkene salts with alkali and alkaline earth metals, 2) nucleophilic η2‐(C−B) borata‐alkene complexes with early transition metals, Cu and Ag, and 3) α‐boryl alkyl complexes with late transition metals. This trend map aids selection of the appropriate reactive synthon depending on the reactivity sought.
Effects of Sludge Characteristics on the Critical Flux of an AnMBR for Sludge Treatment
Authors: Lutze Robert , Engelhart Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnaerobic membrane bioreactors for sludge digestion enable extensive degradation of organic matter with reduced reactor volume. The filtration efficiency mainly determines capex and opex. Filtration efficiency (critical flux in this study) for all digested sludges tested with TS > 2.5 % depended in particular on the apparent viscosity at the membrane surface. It did not correlate sufficiently with, among others, total solids concentration and the capillary suction time. The critical flux was improved by increasing the rotational speed (crossflow) and by reducing the viscosity of the digested sludge by adding iron salts.
Mixed infection, risk projection, and misdirection: Interactions among pathogens alter links between host resources and disease
Authors: Strauss Alexander T. , Bowerman Lucas , Porath‐Krause Anita , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA growing body of literature links resources of hosts to their risk of infectious disease. Yet most hosts encounter multiple pathogens, and projections of disease risk based on resource availability could be fundamentally wrong if they do not account for interactions among pathogens within hosts. Here, we measured infection risk of grass hosts (Avena sativa) exposed to three naturally co‐occurring viruses either singly or jointly (barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses [B/CYDVs]: CYDV‐RPV, BYDV‐PAV, and BYDV‐SGV) along experimental gradients of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. We asked whether disease risk (i.e., infection prevalence) differed in single versus co‐inoculations, and whether these differences varied with rates and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. In single inoculations, the viruses did not respond strongly to nitrogen or phosphorus. However, in co‐inoculations, we detected illustrative cases of 1) resource‐dependent antagonism (lower prevalence of RPV with increasing N; possibly due to competition), 2) resource‐dependent facilitation (higher prevalence of SGV with decreasing N:P; possibly due to immunosuppression), and 3) weak or no interactions within hosts (for PAV). Together, these within‐host interactions created emergent patterns for co‐inoculated hosts, with both infection prevalence and viral richness increasing with the combination of low nitrogen and high phosphorus supply. We demonstrate that knowledge of multiple pathogens is essential for predicting disease risk from host resources and that projections of risk that fail to acknowledge resource‐dependent interactions within hosts could be qualitatively wrong. Expansions of theory from community ecology theory may help anticipate such relationships by linking host resources to diverse pathogen communities.
Investigating bound handling schemes and parameter settings for the interior search algorithm to solve truss problems
Authors: Kashani Ali R. , Chiong Raymond , Dhakal Sandeep , Gandomi Amir H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe interior search algorithm (ISA) is an optimization algorithm inspired by esthetic techniques used for interior design and decoration. The algorithm has only one parameter, controlled by θ, and uses an evolutionary boundary constraint handling (BCH) strategy to keep itself within an admissible solution space while approaching the optimum. We apply the ISA to find optimal weight design of truss structures with frequency constraints. Sensitivity of the ISA's performance to the θ parameter and the BCH strategy is investigated by considering different values of θ and BCH techniques. This is the first study in the literature on the sensitivity of truss optimization problems to various BCH approaches. Moreover, we also study the impact of different BCH methods on diversification and intensification. Through extensive numerical simulations, we identified the best BCH methods that provide consistently better results for all truss problems studied, and obtained a range of θ that maximizes the ISA's performance for all problem classes studied. However, results also recommend further fine‐tuning of parameter settings for specific case studies to obtain the best results.
Single point diagnosis of short circuit abuse condition in lithium‐ion battery through impedance data
Authors: Vyas Mayank , Pareek Kapil , Sapre Shitanshu , Garg Akhil 
Published: June 2021

SummaryLithium‐ion batteries have a confined frame of stability features in context to voltage and temperature. Abrupt attenuation in the above features may result in safety concerns. The present work provides an imperative experimental single point impedance diagnostic for analysis of external (soft) short‐circuit abusiveness as per IEC 62660‐2(3) of PANASONIC NCR 18650PF 3.6 V 2750 mAh lithium‐ion battery using 5 mΩ resistance applied externally across battery terminals using BK Precision 8510 programmable DC load. Characterization of the abusiveness of the test battery has been performed through the electrochemical AC impedance for single point impedance measurement at 1 KHz. Variations in the battery parameters during the test condition were also measured and analysed. Results reveal that the test battery experiences a rapid increase in the temperature rise where anodic reactions in the battery crop up at an initial temperature of 60°C with a sudden clamp in temperature around 85oC to 100oC indicating breakdown occurring at sold‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Cathode side reactions have initiated at 100°C resulting in oxidation of the electrolyte and thermal runaway has been observed with a steep temperature rise of 45°C/min. AC impedance data for abused battery showed a drastic increase in equivalent series resistance (ESR) up to 78.1 Ω and diffusion constant (W) up to 200 Ω/s compared to the fresh battery. These changes show the kinetic effects, due to the impact of high‐frequency on the anode and low‐frequency effects on mass transportation, inside the battery. Finally, the battery AC impedance data were validated through data available in published work and KK‐transformation. The results shed light on a detailed study of the various electrochemical phenomenon in a lithium‐ion battery that occurred during short‐circuit (external) abuse condition.
A case of mixed tumor formed by metastasis of urothelial carcinoma and malignant lymphoma to the same lymph nodes
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Fukuhara Hideo , Yamamoto Shnikuro , Karashima Takashi , Iguchi Mitsuko , Murakami Ichiro , Inoue Keiji 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMixed tumor in the same lymph nodes is extremely rare and no previous reports have described mixed tumor comprising urothelial carcinoma and malignant lymphoma.Case presentationA 71‐year‐old woman visited a local clinic with a main complaint of hematuria. Imaging revealed right hydronephrosis and a mid‐ureter tumor shadow. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed high uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose in para‐aortic lymph nodes. Abdominal para‐aortic lymph node biopsy was performed. Pathology showed urothelial carcinoma and malignant lymphoma in the same lymph nodes, where a mixed tumor was diagnosed.ConclusionWe encountered a case of mixed tumor of urothelial carcinoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, which metastasized to the same tissues.
Early inhibition of subchondral bone remodeling slows load-induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis development in mice
Authors: Ziemian Sophia N. , Witkowski Ana M. , Wright Timothy M. , Otero Miguel , van der Meulen Marjolein C. H. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is associated with abnormal and increased subchondral bone remodeling. Inhibiting altered remodeling immediately following joint damage can slow PTOA progression. Clinically, however, inhibiting remodeling when significant joint damage is already present has minimal effects in slowing further disease progression. We sought to determine the treatment window following PTOA initiation in which inhibiting remodeling can attenuate progression of joint damage. We hypothesized that the most effective treatment would be to inhibit remodeling immediately after PTOA initiation. We used an animal model in which a single bout of mechanical loading was applied to the left tibia of 26-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice at a peak load of 9 N to initiate load-induced PTOA development. Following loading, we inhibited bone remodeling using daily alendronate (ALN) treatment administered either immediately or with 1 or 2 weeks' delay up to 3 or 6 weeks post-loading. A vehicle (VEH) treatment group controlled for daily injections. Cartilage and subchondral bone morphology and osteophyte development were analyzed and compared among treatment groups. Inhibiting remodeling using ALN immediately after load-induced PTOA initiation reduced cartilage degeneration, slowed osteophyte formation, and preserved subchondral bone volume compared to VEH treatment. Delaying the inhibition of bone remodeling at 1 or 2 weeks similarly attenuated cartilage degeneration at 6 weeks, but did not slow the development of osteoarthritis (OA)-related changes in the subchondral bone, including osteophyte formation and subchondral bone erosions. Immediate inhibition of subchondral bone remodeling was most effective in slowing PTOA progression across the entire joint, indicating that abnormal bone remodeling within the first week following PTOA initiation played a critical role in subsequent cartilage damage, subchondral bone changes, and overall joint degeneration. These results highlight the potential of anti-resorptive drugs as preemptive therapies for limiting PTOA development after joint injury, rather than as disease-modifying therapies after joint damage is established. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Efficacy of Topical Epinephrine in Tympanoplasty
Authors: List Marna A. , Dirain Carolyn O. , Haberman Rex S. , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare the hemostatic effects of commonly used concentrations of topical epinephrine in tympanoplasty.Study DesignProspective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.MethodsPatients undergoing tympanoplasty were randomized to receive topical epinephrine at 1:1,000 or 1:10,000. With the investigators blinded, hemostasis was assessed with a modified Boezaart scale. Vasoconstriction was measured by laser Doppler. Blood pressure and pulse were tracked.ResultsThirty patients, 4 to 84 years old, were studied, with 15 patients per group. Boezaart scores dropped a mean of 67% and 62% with 1:1,000 and 1:10,000, respectively (P = .44). Capillary blood flow decreased a mean of 50.4% and 50.9% with 1:1,000 and 1:10,000, respectively (P = .95). The mean change in heart rate and mean arterial pressure after topical epinephrine exposure were −4.9 and −0.73 beats per minute (P = .15), and −0.60 and −0.73 mmHg (P = .96) for 1:1,000 and 1:10,000 respectively. No adverse events occurred in either group.ConclusionsTopical epinephrine at 1:10,000 has hemostatic efficacy comparable to 1:1,000 in tympanoplasty. Although both concentrations appear safe, use of topical epinephrine 1:10,000 should be considered over 1:1,000 to minimize the potential for adverse events.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:2319–2322, 2021
Technical Note: Dose prediction for head and neck radiotherapy using a three‐dimensional dense dilated U‐net architecture
Authors: Gronberg Mary P. , Gay Skylar S. , Netherton Tucker J. , Rhee Dong Joo , Court Laurence E. , Cardenas Carlos E. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeRadiation therapy treatment planning is a time‐consuming and iterative manual process. Consequently, plan quality varies greatly between and within institutions. Artificial intelligence shows great promise in improving plan quality and reducing planning times. This technical note describes our participation in the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Open Knowledge‐Based Planning Challenge (OpenKBP), a competition to accurately predict radiation therapy dose distributions.MethodsA three‐dimensional (3D) densely connected U‐Net with dilated convolutions was developed to predict 3D dose distributions given contoured CT images of head and neck patients as input. While traditional augmentation techniques such as rotations and translations were explored, it was found that training on random patches alone resulted in the greatest model performance. A custom‐weighted mean squared error loss function was employed. Finally, an ensemble of best‐performing networks was used to generate the final challenge predictions.ResultsOur team (SuperPod) placed second in the dose stream of the OpenKBP challenge. The average mean absolute difference between the predicted and clinical dose distributions of the testing dataset was 2.56 Gy. On average, the predicted normalized target DVH metrics were within 3% of the clinical plans, and the predicted organ at risk DVH metrics were within 2 Gy of the clinical plans.ConclusionsThe developed 3D dense dilated U‐Net architecture can accurately predict 3D radiotherapy dose distributions and can be used as part of a fully automated radiation therapy planning pipeline.
Using data mining technology to predict medication‐taking behaviour in women with breast cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Kuo Chen‐Chen , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Tseng Li‐Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsMedication‐taking behaviours of breast cancer survivors undergoing adjuvant hormone therapy have received considerable attention. This study aimed to determine factors affecting medication‐taking behaviours in people with breast cancer using data mining.DesignA longitudinal observational retrospective cohort study with a hospital‐based survey.MethodsA total of 385 subjects were surveyed, analysing existing data from January 2010 to December 2017 in Taiwan. Three data mining approaches—multiple logistic regression, decision tree and artificial neural network—were used to build the prediction models and rank the importance of influencing factors. Accuracy, specificity and sensitivity were used as assessment indicators for the prediction models.ResultsMultiple logistic regression was the most effective approach, achieving an accuracy of 96.37%, specificity of 96.75% and sensitivity of 96.12%. The duration of adjuvant hormone therapy discontinuation, duration of adjuvant hormone therapy use and age at diagnosis by data mining were the three most critical factors influencing the medication‐taking behaviours of people with breast cancer.
Nondestructive recognition and differentiation of quasi‐spherical structures of biologic interest
Authors: Rothschild Bruce , Biehler‐Gomez Lucie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiological findings in archaeological and paleontological contexts are not limited to bones. In particular, biological concretions can present valuable information regarding the health of the organisms under examination. However, these structures are often difficult to recognize and identify. Chemical analyses (e.g., Raman spectroscopy) can allow their identification but they are time‐consuming and destructive techniques, even if minimally so. In this research, the potential of nondestructive high magnification surface microscopy is investigated for the distinction of uroliths from other biological and nonbiological concretions, specifically gallstones, bezoars, gastric pellets, coprolites, eggs, gastroliths and geological concretions.MethodsThe external surfaces of uroliths, bezoars, gastric pellets, gallstones, coprolites, gastroliths, eggs and geologic concretions were examined microscopically at ×20, ×50 and ×200 magnification.ResultsMorphological surface appearance of uroliths was independent of producer phylogeny and chemical composition and presented as smooth surfaces with level, faceted or lobulated configurations. Gallstones also presented a large array of shapes with smooth or porous external surfaces. Gastric pellets, bezoars and coprolites could be distinguished from other biological stones by the common presence of hair, sand grains, bone fragments or hair. Presence of uniform pores permitted the recognition of egg shells. Distinguishing gastroliths and geologic concretions requires additional diagnostic criteria.ConclusionHigh magnification surface microscopy of biological concretions from reference collections permits a better understanding of biological concretions and their normal variation. In addition, it allowed the distinction of uroliths from most biological concretions. Nonetheless, gallstones constitute the major differential diagnosis of uroliths, and destructive chemical analyses may be ultimately required for their distinction.
Misrepresentation of mild traumatic brain injury research in press releases
Authors: Choi Ariel R. , Feller Edward R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPress releases from academic medical centers often form the basis for health and science news stories. Press release coverage of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) research has not been formally appraised in the literature.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic content analysis of mTBI‐based press releases.DesignRetrospective database study.SettingEurekAlert! (eurekalert.org), the main distribution engine for scientific press releases.ParticipantsPress releases indexed between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2019 containing a minimum of 150 words.InterventionsPre‐established, investigator‐generated criteria delineating aspects of misinformation.Main Outcome MeasurementsPress releases were evaluated for manifestations of “spin,” including misleading title, misleading reporting, misleading claims, and inappropriate extrapolation.ResultsOur database search yielded 125 entries within the specified time period. Of these, 66 met inclusion criteria. Fifty‐five of 66 (83%) press releases exhibited at least one manifestation of spin. We identified 38 (58%) with misleading titles, 49 (74%) with misleading reporting, 44 (67%) with misleading claims, and 38 (58%) with inappropriate extrapolation.ConclusionsOur analysis revealed a high degree of spin in recent press releases dedicated to mTBI research. The reports often overstated the strengths and practical impact of the study, publicize substandard research without clinical relevance, while downplaying or failing to report limitations and caveats. Misrepresentation in press releases can affect real‐life medical decisions and outcomes.
Physics‐based protein structure refinement in the era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Heo Lim , Janson Giacomo , Feig Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProtein structure refinement is the last step in protein structure prediction pipelines. Physics‐based refinement via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has made significant progress during recent years. During CASP14, we tested a new refinement protocol based on an improved sampling strategy via MD simulations. MD simulations were carried out at an elevated temperature (360 K). An optimized use of biasing restraints and the use of multiple starting models led to enhanced sampling. The new protocol generally improved the model quality. In comparison with our previous protocols, the CASP14 protocol showed clear improvements. Our approach was successful with most initial models, many based on deep learning methods. However, we found that our approach was not able to refine machine‐learning models from the AlphaFold2 group, often decreasing already high initial qualities. To better understand the role of refinement given new types of models based on machine‐learning, a detailed analysis via MD simulations and Markov state modeling is presented here. We continue to find that MD‐based refinement has the potential to improve AI predictions. We also identified several practical issues that make it difficult to realize that potential. Increasingly important is the consideration of inter‐domain and oligomeric contacts in simulations; the presence of large kinetic barriers in refinement pathways also continues to present challenges. Finally, we provide a perspective on how physics‐based refinement could continue to play a role in the future for improving initial predictions based on machine learning‐based methods.