bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Disrespect and Abuse During Childbirth in a High-Resource Country: Development and Validation of a German Self-Report Tool
Authors: Limmer Claudia Maria , Stoll Kathrin , Vedam Saraswathi , Leinweber Julia , Gross Mechthild Maria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. Increasing evidence on disrespect and abuse during childbirth has led to growing concern about the quality of care childbearing women are experiencing. To provide quantitative evidence of disrespect and abuse during childbirth services in Germany a validated measurement tool is needed.Research Aim. The aim of this research project was the development and psychometric validation of a survey tool in the German language that measures disrespect and abuse of women during childbirth. Methods. A survey tool was created including the following measures: German adaptations of the short and long form of the “Mothers on Respect” (MOR) index (MOR-7 and MOR-G); the “Mothers’ Autonomy in Decision Making” (MADM) scale; a mistreatment-index (MIST-I) comprising indicators of mistreatment during childbirth; and a set of items that measure experiences of discrimination during maternity care. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the scales were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, unweighted least squares factor analysis and non-parametric correlation analysis with a scale that measures a related construct, the Posttraumatic Symptom Scale – Self Report (PSS-SR) scale. We distributed the survey online, recruiting through snowball sampling via social media. The final sample of participants (n=2045) had given birth in Germany between 2009 and 2018.Findings. More than 77% of the study participants reported at least one form of mistreatment with non-consented care being the most commonly reported type of mistreatment, followed by physical violence, violation of physical privacy, verbal abuse and neglect. All included scales showed good psychometric properties with high Cronbach’s alphas (0.95 for both MOR versions and 0.96 for MADM). Factor analysis generated one factor scales with high factor loadings (0.75 to 0.92 for MOR-7; 0.37 to 0.90 for MOR-G and 0.83 to 0.92 for MADM). MOR-7, MOR-G, MADM and MIST-I scores were significantly (p<0.001) correlated with PSS-SR scores (Spearman’s rho -0.70, -0.61 and 0.68 for MOR-G, MADM and the MIST-I, respectively).Conclusions. This study presents a valid and reliable instrument for the quantitative assessment of disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Germany. Childbearing women’s experiences of disrespect and abuse are a relevant phenomenon in German hospital based maternity care. Disrespect and abuse during childbirth appear to contribute to post-traumatic symptoms and may be associated with severe mental health problems postpartum.
"The effect of Exercise during hemodialysis on serum levels of Albumin, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone: a randomized clinical trial"
Authors: Dashtidehkordi Alireza , Shahgholian Nahid , Sadeghian Jaleh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease is often accompanied by disturbances in the levels of serum electrolytes. Because of electrolyte imbalance and other factors, the patients experience some of the systemic symptoms and physical and mental dysfunction. We aimed determine the impact of exercise during hemodialysis on serum levels of Albumin, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone.
Methods: In a randomized controlled trial in hemodialysis units of Iran’s two hospital, 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis having required criteria were included and assigned into the exercise group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30). An exercise program using stationary bicycles were done in the intervention group, 60 minutes/ every session, three times a week, for 8 weeks. The main outcome measures were the serum levels of Albumin, Calcium, Phosphate, and Parathyroid hormone.
Results: The independent t-test results showed no significant difference between the mean serum levels of Albumin, Calcium, Phosphorus and Parathyroid hormone before the intervention (P > 0.05). However, after an eight-week intervention, significant improvements were seen in serum phosphate levels and Parathyroid hormone (P=0.04), while the serum levels of Albumin (P=0.3) and calcium (P = 0. 5) did not change significantly in the intervention group.
Conclusions: An exercise program by stationary bicycles is a safe, effective and complementary clinical intervention in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis.
Identical Shapes Results in a Failed Memory Formation of Location of Dark Surroundings in Planarians
Authors: Huang Kaiyuan , Liu Yufei , Duan Yixi , Chen Kehan , Xiao Ziyun , Zhang Peiao , Zhu Bangqi , Shi Yunhao , Ying Zhengxin , Wang Baoqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Planarians, the first kind of animal to have evolved a brain structure1 yet has not evolved visual sense, was demonstrated to have a capability of spatial learning in the last several decades2, but what does the navigation of planarians depends on is still unknown. Here, we provide an objective, strictly variable-controlled planarian training method using 3D printing techniques3 fabricated mazes. Then we use modifications of the mazes to first demonstrate a learning paradigm that worms can memorize the location of a darkened surrounding through training. However, a memory formation failure was found that in the situation of providing identical shapes in a maze, planarians cannot memorize the location of the darkened surrounding. Thus, this result shows the planarians associated darkness with the crude shape of the objects they have crawled on, which is a kind of spatial learning. This finding provides not only a key insight into spatial learning information that planarians are processing but also an interpretation of the origin of memory formation where higher grades of memory formation might originate from.
LncRNAs Signature Associated with Chemoradiotherapy Response and Prognosis in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Guan Binjie , Wu Yong , Du Fan , Zhuang Jinfu , Yang Yuanfeng , Liu Xing , Guan Guoxian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancers. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, studies are limited regarding lncRNAs associated NCRT response and prognosis of LARC patients. This study aimed to identify lncRNAs associated with NCRT response and prognosis in CRC patients, and to explore potential mechanisms.
Methods

LncRNA expression profiles from our previous gene chip data basing on the LASSO to identify a four-lncRNA signature that predicted NCRT response and prognosis and further validated in 138 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 36 LARC patients from our center. A Cox regression model was performed to identify prognostic risk factors. Moreover, we identified the function of the LINC00909 in vivo and in vitro in CRC cell lines.
Results

Four hub lncRNAs (DBET, LINC00909, FLJ33534, and HSD52) were screened by comparing the relative lncRNA expression of NCRT-responsive and non-responsive patients (AUC = 0.68, 0.73, 0.73, and 0.70, respectively, all p < 0.05). A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed based on the four lncRNAs. Moreover, the four lncRNAs expression was identified by the external data in cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues in CRC patients. The results demonstrated that the expression of the four lncRNAs was lower in the normal tissues than in the cancerous tissues (all p < 0.05), and the COX analysis demonstrated that the DBET, LINC00909 and FLJ33534 were assocaited with the DFS in CRC patients. The four lncRNAs were also identified in the LARC following NCRT patients, and the result demonstrated that LINC00909 and FLJ33534 had powerful ability to predict the NCRT response and prognosis (all p < 0.05). Basing on the multivariate COX analysis, we constructed a risk score and verified in the CRC and LARC patients in predicting NCRT response and prognosis. Moreover, The expression and prognosis of the DBET, LINC00909 and FLJ33534 in the CRC tissues were identified in the R2 platform and Oncomine database. Moreover, the over-expression LINC00909 cell lines demonstrated that over-expressed the LINC00909 increased the cell lines resistance to the 5-FU and radiotherapy in vivo and in vitro.
Conclusion

Our findings showed that DBET, LINC00909, and FLJ33534 could serve as novel biomarkers for prediction of NCRT response and prognosis in CRC patients. And LINC00909 could be a novel therapeutic targets in enhancing the NCRT response.
Cervical ureaplasma colonization affects intraamniotic inflammation in preterm labor with intact membrane: a cohort study
Authors: Bae Jin Gon , Kim Shin , Hwang Il Seon , Park Ji Min , Park Jae Hyun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: A causative role between cervical ureaplasma colonization and adverse outcomes during pregnancy has remained controversial. We investigated whether cervical ureaplasma colonization affects the biochemically or histologically intraamniotic inflammation in preterm birth.Methods: Amniotic fluid was retrieved during delivery. Various chorioamnionitis-related cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -8, -10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and regulators (matrix metalloproteins (MMP)-8 and MMP-9) were measured with Human Magnetic Luminex screening assay. We tested cervical swab specimens using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of ureaplasma spp. colonization. Considering the clinical situation that causes intraamniotic infection, we arbitrarily divided into three categories of preterm labor with intact membrane, preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM), and control group with no exposure to preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membrane.Results: The incidence of cervical ureaplasma colonization was 49.3% (136/276). The incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis was 27.5% (76/200). All differences in cytokines and regulators according to histologic chorioamnionitis were significant. Of the 153 cases that experienced preterm labor with intact membrane, IL-10, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels in the ureaplasma positive group were significantly higher than those of the ureaplasma negative group. According to logistic regression analysis adjusted to preterm labor with intact membrane, PPROM, and gestational age at delivery, cervical ureaplasma colonization was an independent risk factor of histologic chorioamnionitis (odd ratio: 2.622, 95% confidence interval: 1.443-4.766).Conclusions: Cervical ureaplasma colonization augments biochemically intraamniotic inflammation in preterm labor with intact membrane, and was an independent risk factor of histologic chorioamnionitis.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Between Cold-Tolerant and Sensitive Brassica Oleracea L. in Response to Low Temperature Stress
Authors: Jiang Shuhan , Xia Dongjian , Dai Qian , Luo Yuxia , Chen Yao , Song Jianghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Brassica oleracea L. occupies an important position in the annual production of vegetables. But during winter Brassica oleracea L. often suffers from low temperatures and even sub-zero temperatures. Through transcriptome analysis and identification, the pathways involved in cold tolerance of Brassica oleracea L. were analyzed and candidate genes related to cold tolerance of Brassica oleracea L. were identified.Results: Under low temperature stress, a large number of significantly different genes were found in Zhonggan1229 (ZG, low temperature tolerance) and Yingchun (YN, low temperature sensitive). There were 3902 significantly up-regulated genes and 5309 significantly down-regulated genes in ZG, and 4253 significantly up-regulated genes and 5938 significantly down-regulated genes in YN. Among them, 1844 different genes are the specific different genes in ZG and 6089 genes are the common different genes to response the low temperature stress. By annotating the specific different genes in ZG, 26 of the top 30 enriched GO terms belonged to biological processes, 4 terms belonged to molecular functions. By annotating the common different genes, 23 GO terms belonged to biological processes, 1 GO term belonged to molecular functions, and 6 GO terms belonged to cellular components. Circadian rhythms of plants and Plant hormone signal transduction were not only significantly enriched in the two analyzed genes, but also the effects of low temperature stress were most significant. Among the unique different genes in ZG, 154 genes were annotated into transcription factor families, and 79 genes were up-regulated and 75 genes were down-regulated, the encoding of MYB-related proteins was the largest group. Among the different genes shared by the two varieties, 516 genes were annotated into corresponding transcription factor families, 211 genes were up-regulated and 296 genes were down-regulated, however, there were 4 genes that were up-regulated in ZG but down-regulated in YN, and 5 genes that were down-regulated in ZG but up-regulated in YN, the largest group was the protein encoding ERF.Conclusions: The results identified important genes, pathways, and transcription factors that respond to low temperature stress, provided cold tolerance gene resources for the subsequent cold tolerance breeding research of Brassica oleracea L..
Single-cell profiling of skeletal muscle reveals a novel senolytic target: CRYAB
Authors: Limbad Chandani , Doi Ryosuke , McGirr Julia , Ciotlos Serban , Perez Kevin , Daya Radha , Campisi Judith , Melov Simon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass and function can decline with aging, resulting in a syndrome known as sarcopenia. This decline is linked to functional alterations in critical cell types within mature muscle, including fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and satellite cells (SCs), driven in part by cellular senescence. We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and isolated FAPs and SCs to identify novel targets responsible for senescent cell killing - senolysis. We identified the small alpha-crystalline heat shock protein CRYAB as a novel senolytic target. Using chemical inhibitor screening of CRYAB, we identified 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), an endogenous metabolite of cholesterol biosynthesis, as a potent senolytic capable of killing senescent cells. We validated 25HC as a senolytic in mouse and human cells in culture and in vivo in mouse skeletal muscle. Thus, 25HC represents a potential new class of senolytics, which may be useful in combating diseases or physiologies in which cellular senescence is a key driver.
Life Cycle based Framework for Urban Solid Waste Management for Local Authorities
Authors: Peiris Mutu Tantrige Osada Vishvajith , Dayarathne Gileemalege Lalithri Navodya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper explores for an impact based framework in determining the sustainable waste management strategy for local authority level. Application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based framework predicted the potential negative and positive impacts of each stage of waste management process and compared different future scenarios to identify the integrated SWM strategy. Low-cost and land availability-based waste management methods are known to be ineffective and impact-based sustainable solid waste management (SWM) strategies are limited in the local authorities of Sri Lanka. A frequent debate was seen between incineration and sanitary landfilling as the final disposal method as opinion surveys and cost based approaches have limited focus on scientific evaluation of impacts. This study used Emission Quantification Tool (EQT) to calculate the impacts of waste management process with five (05) future scenarios of waste integration including the Business-As-Usual scenario. Expert opinion survey was conducted in validation the outcomes and prioritization of scenarios. The selected local authority was Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia Municipal Council (DMMC) as the case study. The results were obtained by considering the CO 2 emissions equivalent for one ton of solid waste where BAU scenario had the highest negative impacts with open dumping as the current practice of end disposal. Incineration method as the main disposal method had highest positive impacts while sanitary landfilling at Aruwakkalu (200km away from the source) had moderate positive impacts mainly due to the emissions caused by the transportation and processing. Recycling and Anaerobic Digestion (AD) was considered priority steps to improve the positive impacts of the waste management process. EQT model can be used to compare future scenarios to support decision makers on effective integration of waste management techniques. The study revealed that emissions during transportation and open burning are significant, yet considered less in selecting waste management process. This study can be further developed to compare scientific evaluation methods with financial and resource based criteria to make decisions on SWM.
Progranulin Associates With Rab2 and Is Involved in Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion in Gaucher Disease
Authors: Zhao Xiangli , Liberti Rossella , Jian Jinlong , Fu Wenyu , Hettinghouse Aubryanna , Sun Ying , Liu Chuan-ju 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a key regulator of lysosome and its deficiency has been linked to various lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), including Gaucher disease (GD), one of the most common LSD. Here, we report that PGRN plays a previously unrecognized role in autophagy within the context of GD. PGRN deficiency associated with accumulation of LC3-II and p62 in autophagosomes of GD animal model and patient fibroblasts, resulting from impaired fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. PGRN physically interacted with Rab2, a critical molecule in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Additionally, a fragment of PGRN containing the Grn E domain was required and sufficient for binding to Rab2. Further, this fragment significantly ameliorated PGRN-deficiency associated impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic flux. These findings not only demonstrate that PGRN is a crucial mediator of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, but also provide new evidence indicating PGRN’s candidacy as a molecular target for modulating autophagy in GD and other LSDs in general.
Immunological Analysis of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Yang Wan-Xia , Wang Fang-Fang , Li Fei-Fei , Xie Jian-Qin , Shi Chong , You Chong-Ge , Pan Yun-Yan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the pathogenesis of Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and provide bioinformatics basis for the prevention and treatment of PAD.Methods: R software is used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PAD patient and control blood samples in GSE27034 and screen for immune differential genes, and then perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for immune differential genes. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by using STRING database, and functional modules were analyzed using Cytoscape software. Coexpedia database was used to analyze the gene co-expression network of immune differential genes. Finally, combined with CIBERSORT database, immune cells were obtained by R software.Results: The 21 immune differential genes screened in PAD were mainly involved in TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, viral protein interaction with cytokines andcytokine receptor signaling pathways, and rheumatoid arthritis. Compared with the normal group, neutrophils were higher in number in the PAD group, while macrophages M0 were significantly lower (P<0.05).Conclusions: TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and rheumatoid arthritis are most closely related to the occurrence and development of PAD, and immune differential genes may be the key molecules of PAD, which provides a new idea for further exploring the pathogenesis of PAD.
Clinical study on 7 cases of polypoid endometriosis. PEM: a mimic of malignancy, the symptoms of adenomyosis, endometrial polyps and infertility can assist in diagnosis
Authors: Zheng Xiaohua , Xu Ying , chen xianjing , Zheng Qibing , Zhao Rong , Zhuang Lijuan , Lin Chaoqin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: polypoid endometriosis (PEM) is a rare type of endometriosis (EMs), which is easy to be misdiagnosed. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the clinical features and diagnostic methods of PEM. Methods:The clinical data of 7 patients with PEM who were treated at Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital in China within July 2017 to December 2020 period were retrospectively analyzed, and their clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were summarized. Results: The age of onset was 31-41 (38.00 ± 1.72) years. There were 5 cases with adenomyosis, 4 cases with endometrial polyps and infertility. The clinical manifestations were diverse. Most of them were pelvic mass, compression symptoms and signs, dysmenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding, and three of them were similar to malignant tumors. The gross pathological features were cysts, endogenous or exogenous polypoid masses, which were all composed of endometrioid glands and stromal components, but more diverse than ordinary em. All the 7 patients were confirmed by operation and pathology. Conclusion: PEM is often complicated with adenomyosis, endometrial polyps and infertility. Pathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis. Imaging examination is easy to be misdiagnosed. Abnormal increase of CA125 can assist in diagnosis.
New 4H-SiC Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors with Double Symmetric Step Buried Oxide Layer for High Energy Efficiency Applications
Authors: Zhu Shunwei , Jia Hujun , Dong Mengyu , Wang Xiaowei , Yang Yintang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A novel 4H-SiC metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) device with double symmetric step buried oxide layer is proposed and the mechanism is studied through TCAD simulation. The step buried oxide layer is mainly to reduce the current leakage to the substrate and improve drain current. At the same time, the presence of the oxide layer changes the electric field distribution, reduces the electric field concentration phenomenon, and the breakdown voltage is improved. Due to the presence of the step buried oxide layer, the charge distribution of the device is changed, and the frequency characteristics are improved. When the step buried oxide channel is under the optimized parameter condition, compared with the traditional double-recessed structure 4H-SiC MESFET (DR 4H-SiC MESFET), the direct current (DC) characteristics of the new structure are improved, and the breakdown voltage is increased by 14% to reach 183 V. In radio frequency (RF) characteristics, cut-off frequency is 24.4 GHz, an increase of 11.9 %; maximum operating frequency is 63.9 GHz, an increase of 20.3%; the maximum power added efficiency (PAE) in the L-band and S-band reaches 63.5 %, PAE is 23.7 % higher than the DR structure. At the end of this paper, the new structure is verified for high-energy-efficiency, and the results show that the new structure has great potential in high-frequency applications.