bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of media filters in treatment of runoff pollution
Authors: Amirah A S N , Ragunathan S , Zainab N A N , Andrew A M , Faridah W , Tan W H , Salwa Z M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study will examine the ability of recycled aggregates and sand to classify wastewater in a manner that decreases the level of environmental pollution. The sample was taken from Kg Wang Ulu, Perlis agricultural district, Jejawi, Perlis industrial area and Taman Desa Katong, Perlis residential area. Water quality research has been investigated to find the characteristics of effluent such as suspended solids, BOD, COD and TSS. Three rainfall intensity values, of 5 LPM as low rainfall, 12.5 LPM as mean precipitation intensity, and 22.5 LPM as high-cut rainfall consisted of recycled aggregate and high-absorptive sand as drainage beds, were included in this operating system. Experimental findings indicate that the recycling of aggregates and sand filters has a positive effect on water in industrial and residential areas. It shows that the use of recycled aggregates as a drainage bed can increase the permeability of the region by reducing erosion, preventing flooding and promoting natural infiltration.
A study of water distribution near Taman Seri Wang, Arau, Perlis
Authors: Amirah A S N , Tan W H , Faridah W , Andrew A M , Zainab N A N , Ragunathan S , Salwa Z M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The water distribution system consists of a network of pipelines of different sizes with control valves for transporting water to all streets and providing water to consumers through the water distribution system. The water distribution system may either be continuous or intermittent. Water is available 24 hours a day and seven days a week throughout the continuous water distribution network. This study was conducted to access the water distribution near Taman Seri Wang (TSW) in Arau, Perlis. Research had been outlined to access the existing water distribution at RPA ARAU, to identify the head loss of water distribution at TSW ARAU and to determine the relationship between node demand and pressure of water distribution system at TSW ARAU. A quantitative method was used in this study, which gathers the data parameter from Syarikat Air Perlis (SAP) generated using EPANET software to calculate the head loss inside the pipe Hazen – William equation. The flow rate shows a declining value at nodes 42, 34, 54 and 46 after an analysis of 0700 hours. Simultaneously, a higher proportion of head loss is found in mainly link 1 of the water intake point and link 15 in the water tank near the study area.
Derivation of Z-R relationship parameter for Alor Setar radar using Traditional Matching Method (TMM)
Authors: Mahyun A W , Chua Kar-Kei , Salwa M.Z.M , Seman Noramirah Abu , Hassan Zulkarnain , Kamarudzaman Ain Nihla 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rainfall measurement can be done by using rain gauge and weather radar instruments. However, weather radar does not measure the rainfall depth directly as contrary to rain gauge. Therefore, an empirical relationship between reflectivity (Z) and rainfall rate (R) which is commonly known as reflectivity-rainfall (Z-R) relationship consisting of parameter A and exponential b (Z= A·Rb
), usually used to convert reflectivity data into rainfall rate for a radar. Presently, the Z-R relationship parameters proposed by Marshall and Palmer (1947) used in Malaysia is seem no longer suitable for Malaysia condition. Hence, a new relationship should be developed. The reflectivity data from year 2006 to year 2007 at Alor Setar radar and gauge rainfall data from 14 rain gauge in the Northern of Peninsular Malaysia were calibrated. By using the Traditional Matching Method (TMM), a new parameter was developed for Alor Setar radar which located in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. By minimizing the errors, a Mean Field Bias Correction (MFB) technique was apply to all selected parameter in this study with adjusting the value A and fixed the value b. As a results, new climatological Z-R relationship (Z=14.30R
1.9) was obtained. To justify the new relationship, validation analysis has been performed by using the five statistical measure. It was found that the validation analysis has given the best results of Mean Error (ME), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Bias and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) with value of 0.00, 0.00, 7.54, 1.00 and 0.85 respectively. Concluded that, it is suitable for radar rainfall estimation in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia.
Evaluation of low impact development and best management practices on peak flow reduction using SWMM
Authors: Xian Bryant Chong Choy , Kang Choong Wee , Wahab Mahyun Ab , Zainol Mohd Remy Rozaini Mohd Arif , Baharudin Fauzi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rapid urbanisation has caused an increased in peak discharge that conventional drainage systems cannot adequately handle. Low Impact Development (LID) practices are becoming a new approach in helping to better mimic the pre-development discharges. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LID and Best Management Practices (BMP) under different rainfall conditions. Vegetative swale and detention pond were selected to represent LID and BMP. Simulations of four main scenarios namely, base case, LID, BMP, and combined LID-BMP were performed using Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). Results show that among the scenarios simulated, the combined LID-BMP is most effective with average peak flow reduction of 54%. This is followed by BMP that achieved 37% in average peak flow reduction as compared to 27% peak flow reduction by LID. The findings indicate the need for integrated strategy when dealing with stormwater management measures.
Acid mine drainage and heavy metals contamination of abandoned and active mine site at Old Repas Dam in Bentong, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Gunesegeran Kishan , Kamal Md Rowshon , Man Hasfalina Che , Wayayok Aimrun , Haider Syed Ali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) occurs as a result of mining activities during mineral exploration. Interaction of the minerals in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and water produces AMD as an end product. AMD can also be produced by weathering of sulphide minerals through series of process, which includes oxidation and hydrolysis. The main aim of the study is to determine the presence of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and contamination of the active and abandoned mining sites with heavy metals in Bentong Pahang. This study deals with the identification of heavy metal toxins traces in water bodies that result in discoloration of the water catchment, downstream of the Old Repas dam. Any discoloration of the water present proves the occurrence of AMD. In order to have better comprehension of the scenario, site reconnaissance and survey is carried. This is to examine the areas affected and thus recognising two different sampling points that have traces of AMD contamination. Water sampling and testing are carried out in the chosen sampling point using four in-situ parameters and five selected heavy metals. The chosen parameters are water pH, dissolved oxygen content, total dissolved solids and ammoniacal nitrogen. The selected heavy metals are Zinc, Lead, Tin, Mercury and Arsenic. Four samples were collected each from two sampling point on two different sampling days. In addition to that, the surface water with sediments was also collected and analysed for the presence of heavy metals. From the results, it was found that the pH of the sampling point was ranging from 5 to 7 indicating the presence of AMD, which is the major finding in this study. Based on the heavy metal analysis, it was found that the concentration of Pb, Sn, Hg, As & Zn was present in greater than the allowable standard limits for treated water by the Malaysian Ministry of Health. This concludes an urgent intervention required to treat the site to prevent any further environmental deterioration.
Environmental change needs behavioral change: consumer’s green purchase behavior in Vietnam
Authors: Diep Le Thi Bich 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To improve the environment, people need to change behaviors. Encouraging people to use the product is the way that is the most effective, sustainable. Therefore, this study seeks to aim the factors influence on green purchase behavior. This study proposes a new model in which the young’s purchase behavior is affected by four factors through the mediator variable. The questionnaire sends to 369 consumers by using the convenience sampling method. Analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) conducts to identify the affect of the relationship between concepts. The study results indicate that attitudes toward green products and green purchase intention are mediator roles in the effect of environmental concern, environmental knowledge, social influence, and price sensitivity on green purchase behavior. The findings also shed light on how potential factors influencing consumer’s behavior. The study indicates that great personal concern and knowledge about the environment to increase the ability to purchase a green product. Besides, the study also finds that price sensitivity does not affect consumers’ attitudes toward green products, but it has an impact on their purchase intention. This study provides recommendations to management to improve their strategic sales to increase consumption products and the Government to support businesses producing green products.
Removal of Cr (III) from industrial wastewater using coconut shell carbon and limestone as adsorbent
Authors: Bakar A A A , Razak N FA , Akbar N A , Daud N M , Ali K A M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Agricultural waste materials gained attention among researchers to study the effectiveness of adsorbent media in heavy metal treatment. In this study, application of coconut shell carbon and limestone as modified adsorbent was used to remove Cr (III) from industrial wastewater. Synthetic industrial wastewater sample containing 2 mg/L of Cr (III) was prepared using distilled water and standard solution of Cr (III). Batch adsorption study was conducted to determine the effect of varied contact time (0 to 120 minutes) and pH (pH3 to pH7). The result shows that at 60 minutes of contact hour, the removal of Cr (III) from the synthetic industrial wastewater is about 98% with optimum adsorption capacity is 0.000019 mg/g at 250 rpm of agitation speed in pH5 as optimum pH. The kinetic data obtained specified that the data follow closely the pseudo-second-order. Thus, this indicates that mixing coconut shell carbon and limestone as a modified adsorbent has a potential in reducing Cr (III) concentration in industrial wastewater.
The impact of high biodegradable COD fraction in poultry processing wastewater to SBR performance
Authors: Kan Sam Le Eh , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Ibrahim Abdul Haqi , Abidin Che Zulzikrami Azner , Khoo Andy Surin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates the impact of high biodegradable COD fraction in poultry processing wastewater on the performance of lab-scale SBR. The SBR’s reactor was operated under 3 phases with different airflow rates namely 2.5 L/min, 5.0L/min, and 7.0L/min; and each phase would have a constant 21days of Sludge Retention Time (SRT). The sample of poultry processing wastewater consists of 84.06% of biodegradable components and 15.94% of the non-biodegradable component. It was observed that high readily biodegradable soluble COD (rbsCOD) had caused a rapid bacteria’s metabolism to consume nutrient as fast as possible which consequently tuned the COD removal efficiency from 85.0% to 92.9% and increased the SVI from 51.66 mL/g to 66.96mL/g (2nd phase) and 110.1 mL/g (3rd Phase). The removal efficiency of Ammonia Nitrogen and Total Suspended Solid was observed in the range from 69.3% to 81.2%, and 61.8% to 81.7% respectively. The fluctuation of the biodegradable COD component in poultry processing wastewater was observed to affect the oxygen demand, where the oxygen transfer efficiency dropped from 3.82% to 0.63% as the airflow rate increase from 2.5L/min to 7.0L/min along with the increase of biodegradable COD fraction. Hence, this experiment provides a clear perspective of poultry processing wastewater behavior to SBR performance.
Survival rate ability of unfed eel Anguilla b. bicolor in different sizes and sources of eel caught
Authors: Taufiq-Spj N , Hutabarat J , Trianto A , Santoso G W , Sugiyanto D N , Ario R , Pratikto I , Suryono S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
World consumption of eel nowadays still depend on mostly (80%) from Aquaculture industry. However, the eel seed of glass eel, elver either bigger sizes of eel juvenile, still also depend on the wild caught. The study aims to test the survival rate of unfed eel from different sources of seed and sizes. The eel collected from five riverine of catch area i.e. Dlangu of Purworejo (CA I), Larangan of Nusawungu (CA II), Ciberem of Kaliwungu (CA III), Patimuan creek (CA IV), and Ciwulan riverine of Tasikmalaya (CA V) which were caught in August 2018. The other eels were caught in July 2019 collected from Segoro Anakan (CA VI), Buton Cilacap of Indian Ocean Coast Line (CAVII), Gatel riverine of Nusawungu (CA VIII) and Pasir creek of Sidobunder Puring, Kebumen (CA IX). The eel sizes were grouped into four class of sizes i.e. glass eel (GE), small pencil (‘sp’), big pencil (‘bp’) and consumption size (Co) as a comparator. For the shipment trials, eel were transported from those caught area to Semarang (ranging between 180 to 240 km distances) by normal seeds package with oxygenated plastic bag. Unfed trials, the eel were kept in a limited water volume without aeration and the water replaced every day. Experiment was conducted during 30 days without feeding. The result shows that the sizes of eel i.e. GE, SP, BP, and Con can survive during shipment with 23 and 27 h duration time. Unfed treatment, the best survival rate found in ‘Co’ (52 %) followed by ‘bp’ (34 %), ‘sp’ (33 %) during 30 days without food and aeration. However, the GE found 100 % death during 18 days in unfed conditions. Eel seed sources comparison shows significantly different (α < 0.05) among caught area locations. These can be conclude that eel seeds of GE size can be keep during delivery transportation (shipment) without food given for 23 h, and can be kept prior to other purposes for approx. fortnight while ‘sp’ and ‘bp’ sizes for mostly one month.
Differences in electricity consumption based on electricity user sectors in Pramuka Island, Panggang Island and Tidung Island of Kepulauan Seribu Regency, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Rizaldy R , Nurlambang T , Dewi Susilowati M H , Anggrahita H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electricity consumption depends on the amount of electrical equipment owned, the size of the place of residence besides the increase in electricity consumption for the household sector due to the increase in population and per capita income. The concept of the household electricity lifestyle associated with social aspects and energy consumption behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in electricity consumption based on the electricity user in Pramuka Island, Panggang Island and Tidung Island and explain how the relationship of income, building area and the use of electronic equipment to electricity consumption. The questionnaire is used to obtain data on building area, income and use of electronic equipment. Spatial analysis is used to see differences in spatial electricity consumption, statistical analysis is used to see the relationship between building area, income and use of electronic equipment to electricity consumption. The result is the commercial sector is located along the coastline, the household sector spreads in the center, while the mixed sector is in the middle of the household sector. There is a relationship between income and use of electronic equipment to electricity consumption, while building area has no relationship to electricity consumption. But this variable does not apply to the commercial sector, because it has a different electricity usage behavior than the other sectors.
Determination of nutrition contents based on raw seaweed: economic improvement efforts in Dolly ex-prostitution area
Authors: Rosyidah A , Setyaningsih E P , Ediati R , Kurniawan R Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effort to change Dolly and Jarak's image as an ex prostitution area that was once famous and largest in Southeast Asia in the villages of Putat Jaya, Sawahan District, Surabaya City, has never been done. Making the Dolly and Jarak areas as a tourist village that is capable of supporting and sustaining the economy, is the dream of all citizens and the Surabaya City Government. However, the effort must be thoroughly pursued and patented so that it can be realized and fulfilled. At the Research-based Community Service this time, the service strives to diversify practical, healthy and hygienic seaweed products. There is information on nutrient levels and the great benefits of consuming various processed seaweed.
Integrated tourism transportation software design: case study of Lombok Island
Authors: Yunianto I T , Wuryaningrum P , Achmadi T , Hadi F , Lazuardi S D , Ilham M B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lombok Island is a new magnet of touristic destination, where the number of travelers grow by 13% for domestic and 15% annually for international travelers in the last ten years. In spite of this impressive growth in the tourism sector, the public transportation and availability of touristic information remain lacking. The study aims to contribute to address the above challenges, in order to support the marine tourism in Lombok. Following the Intelligent Transportation Systems Architecture, the followings are undertaken, namely identification of users’ need, design of functional and communication architecture, and the design of an application mockup. The analysis shows that the deployment of a mobile application would save considerable time and money for both travelers and transport operators. The introduction of a mobile app would be justified, as its investment is economically feasible, and its benefit cost ratio of 1.8.
Connectivity model of archipelagic areas: a case study of Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Achmadi T , Nur H I , Banjarnahor F N , Kuik S , Ardhi E W , Permana C B S , Riduwan M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Marine transportation plays a vital role in the development of Kepulauan Riau as an archipelagic province. The GRDP 2017 of Kepulauan Riau shows that Batam city contributed the most to the figures, which amounted to 64%, followed by other cities outside Batam at 8.54%, and other districts are only under 10%. This condition might be caused by the lack of connectivity and network accessibility between those areas. The growth of passengers and general cargo in Kepulauan Riau was predicted to increase in the next few years, so there must be an improvement in marine services. This study aims to determine the conditions of connectivity for marine transportation in Kepulauan Riau using a degree connectivity matrix and a model for calculating the unit costs. The region with the highest passenger connectivity value is Tanjungpinang (0.83), while general cargo is Tanjungpinang and Batam (0.83). The effect of increasing connectivity to existing conditions and the results of an analysis of services between regions that have the smallest unit cost difference is Karimun-Bintan (IDR 6,881/ton or USD 0.48/ton), and the most significant difference is Natuna-Lingga (IDR 1,568,442/ton or USD 110.26). In terms of time, the slightest difference is Batam-Natuna (3 hours), and the most significant difference is Bintan-Lingga (1,001 hours).
Experimental study on heave damping due to the heave plate addition on the SPAR keel
Authors: Murdjito  , Ali B , Ardhianutama F , Djatmiko E B , Syahroni N , Mulyadi Y , Riyanto R D , Prastianto R W , Handayanu  , Rochani I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent years have shown the increasing number of SPAR offshore floating platforms built and delivered worldwide. This eventually is strongly related to the generic potential of such platforms, in term of economy and performance aspects, especially for the operation in deep water. For operation in harsh sea environment previous SPAR investigations suggested the addition of heave plate on its keel to enhance the heave motion quality. This paper reports an experimental study conducted on SPAR model, scaled 1: 125 from the full size, installed with a heave plate sized 1.3 of hull diameter. Results of the study demonstrate the additional of heave plate may reduce the heave reaction force due to wave excitation approximately 35% in comparison with that without heave plate. This in turn leads to the decreasing of heave response by as much as 54%. Evaluations suggest the reductions in heave reaction force and response are induced by the escalation of heave damping in the order of 49% generated by the heave plate. The experimental results are well verified by the outcomes of computations based on analytical method and strip theory.
L1 adaptive controller for unmanned surface vehicle type monohull LSS01 autopilot system and guidance design
Authors: Maruf A , Kadir R E A , Gamayanti N , Santoso A , Bilfaqih Y , Sahal M , Hidayat Z 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The control technology grows rapidly at present, especially in the field of autonomous vehicles. This research presents the application of an L1 adaptive controller to an autopilot system and guidance design for an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). The purpose of the L1 adaptive controller deals with how the adaptive control technology solve the problems related to the performance, robustness, and the time adaptability in the issues of uncertainty conditions. The dynamic behaviors of the USV are modeled with 3 degrees of freedom movement in the planar field, where disturbances are applied onto the system. The parameter values of the vessel will be inserted into the state space dynamic equation. The transient response behavior of the system will be analyzed to show the vessel’s movement through the desired waypoints. The L1 adaptive controller method has a fast adaptation rate without losing robustness, which provides better stability using Lyapunov analysis and abilities to dampening the high-frequency as the disturbance by adding Low Pass Filter (LPF) on the control law architecture. Besides this, the L1 adaptive control is relatively simple and easy for industrial implementation. The results show the effectiveness of the L1 adaptive controller when applied to the USV guidance system.
Unbalance load analysis on closed bus electrical system under ship dynamic positioning scenario
Authors: Sarwito S , Semin  , Zaman M B , Soedibyo  , Fawaiz I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dynamic Positioning (DP) operation on offshore auxiliary vessels emerges as a challenge in need of ensured high-powered bow thruster stability. DP operation is widely adopted under an open electrical system (open bus). Open bus-configured DP usually has low electricity disturbance. However, open bus-configured DP is always attributed to its low efficiency. Our study revealed that DP ships using closed bus configuration are prone to the unbalance three-phase electric load problem. Unbalanced load, which always results in the unbalance three-phase voltage problem, can affect the performance of the motor or another electrical component. Our simulation successfully showed the effect of unbalance load on the ship’s electric stability. By using commonly electric ship configuration as simulation testing, the ship grid configuration with the power supply of two generator thruster and one diesel generator with the 2-bow thruster and a static load can indicate unbalanced load on AHTS vessels with variations up to 75%. By minimizing the variation of percentages of the bow thruster operating point and other loads, minimum allowable three-phase deviation of the unbalance, which indicated by the three-phase voltage operating point could be met. The simulation study was done using MATLAB as a tool.