bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial profile and multi-drug resistance pattern of bacterial isolates among septicemia suspected cases: a meta-analysis report in Ethiopia
Authors: Abayneh Mengistu , HaileMariam Shewangizaw , Asnake Molla 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the most common infections seen in all age groups and in all locations. The current knowledge on the patterns of bacterial profile, and its antibiotic resistance are essential to design and implement appropriate interventions. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and multi-drug resistance pattern of bacterial isolates among septicemia and/or bacteremia suspected cases in Ethiopia.

Methods
Searching was conducted in databases of PubMed, Research Gate, Scopus and Google Scholar. In addition, manual searching is also conducted in bibliographies of included studies and in other meta-analysis studies. Required data were extracted from articles published up to 2020 on the bacterial profile of septicemia in Ethiopia, and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.3.0 software.

Results
A total of 5,823 septicemia suspected cases were extracted from 18 included studies and the overall blood culture positive rate of 31.9% (95% CI: 0.261–0.382). Of these, the overall Gram positive and Gram negative isolates was 57.8% (95% CI: 0.534–0.584) and 42.2% (95% CI: 0.416–0.466), respectively. Among Gram positives, predominantly reported isolates was Staphylococcus
aureus (47.9%: 480 of 1,003), followed by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (42.7%: 428 of 1,003), whereas among Gram negatives, the most frequently reported isolates was Klebsiella species (29.8%: 218 of 731), followed by Escherichia
coli (23.1%: 169 of 731). Significant levels of resistance was reported against ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline with a pooled resistance range of 40.6–55.3% in Gram positive and 52.8–85.7% in Gram negative isolates. The pooled estimates of multi-drugs resistance (MDR) was (66.8%) among Gram positives and (80.5%) among Gram negatives, with the overall MDR rate of (74.2%).

Conclusions
The reported blood culture positive rates among septicemia cases were relatively high. Second, the level of drug and multi-drug resistant isolates against commonly prescribed antibiotics was significant. However, the scarcity of data on culture confirmed septicemia cases as well as patterns of antimicrobial resistance may overshadow the problem.
Functional reference limits: a case study of serum ferritin
Authors: Sezgin Gorkem , Loh Tze Ping , Markus Corey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reference intervals depend on the distribution of results within a reference population and can be influenced by subclinical disease. Functional reference limits present an opportunity to derive clinically relevant reference limits from routinely collected data sources, which consist of mixed populations of unhealthy and healthy groups. Serum ferritin is a good example of the utility of functional reference limits. Several studies have identified clinically relevant reference limits through examining the relationship between serum ferritin and erythrocyte parameters. These ferritin functional limits often represent the inflection point at which erythrocyte parameters change significantly. Comparison of ferritin functional reference limits with those based on population distributional reference limits reveals that the lower reference limit may fall below the point at which patients become clinically unwell. Functional reference limits may be considered for any biomarker that exhibits a correlated relationship with other biomarkers.
Molecular (real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections: complexity and challenges
Authors: Sethi Shneh , Chakraborty Trinad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first recorded in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization initially classified COVID-19 as a public health emergency and subsequently declared the disease a global pandemic. COVID-19 can take at least three distinct forms: severe acute distress syndrome with a potentially fatal outcome, mild respiratory illness (pneumonia with eventual recovery) and asymptomatic infection. All three disease forms have the potential to transmit the infection to healthy contacts. At present, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the only available laboratory tool to confirm the presence of viral RNA in patient specimens. These assays are designed to detect one or more (at least 2) SARS-CoV-2 RNA gene targets allowing the detection of the virus. Commercially available RT-PCR assays employ various gene targets of the viral genome in their assay systems. Additionally, there are differences in primer selection for the same gene region of SARS-CoV-2. At present, it is unclear whether the results from different RT-PCR assays are comparable in detecting the spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations. The purpose of the present article is twofold: first, to briefly focus on the findings of these reports; and second, to emphasize the various challenges and flaws that can potentially impact the diagnostic accuracy of RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2.
The influence of sampling time on indirect reference limits, decision limits, and the estimation of biological variation of random plasma glucose concentrations
Authors: Özcürümez Mustafa , Arzideh Farhad , Torge Antje , Figge Anja , Haeckel Rainer , Streichert Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Plasma glucose concentrations exhibit a pronounced daytime-dependent variation. The oscillations responsible for this are currently not considered in the determination of reference limits (RL) and decision limits.

Methods
We characterized the daily variation inherent in large-scale laboratory data from two different university hospitals (site 1 n=513,682, site 2 n=204,001). Continuous and distinct RL for daytime and night were estimated. Diurnal characteristics of glucose concentrations were further investigated by quantile regression analyses introducing age and cosinor-functions as predictors in the model.

Results
Diurnal variations expressed as amplitude/Midline Estimating Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR) ratio, averaged 7.7% (range 5.9–9.3%). The amplitude of glucose levels decreased with increasing concentrations. Between 06:00 and 10:00 h an average decrease of 4% has to be considered. Nocturnal glucose samples accounted for only 5% of the total amount but contributed to 19.5% of all findings over 11.1 mmol/L. Partitioning of RL between day and night is merely justified for the upper reference limit. The nocturnal upper RLs for both genders differed from those obtained during the day by 11.0 and 10.6% at site 1 and by 7.6 and 7.5% at site 2.

Conclusions
We conclude that indirect approaches to estimate upper RL of random plasma glucose concentrations require stratification concerning the time of sample collection.
Rational clinical use of near-patient analytical systems for molecular detection of infectious agents
Authors: Luppa Peter B. , Rabenau Holger F. , Gässler Norbert , Huzly Daniela , Nauck Matthias , Reischl Udo , Schoerner Christoph , Zeichhardt Heinz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Tests for diagnosing infectious diseases (ID-POCT) play a special role among the available point-of-care testing (POCT) methods.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed. Based on this literature review and our own experience, aspects associated with using molecular biological methods in the diagnostic amplification of pathogen DNA/RNA (nucleic acid testing = NAT) and/or signal amplification were discussed in an interdisciplinary manner. This resulted in the following recommendations for the near-patient use of NAT methods.

Results
Due to the current rise in the use of near-patient NAT testing (e.g., using disposable cartridges), recommendations are made for their implementation and appropriate clinical use in the hospital setting. Particular emphasis is placed on the analytical quality of the results. Furthermore, internal best-practice rules and selection criteria are proposed to ensure rapid diagnosis. Equally important are a medically valid interpretation of results and compliance with hygiene requirements. These recommendations emphasize that near-patient NAT should always be procured in conjunction with a (preferably) multidisciplinary institution responsible for POCT and knowledge of the test specifications and risks, as well as quality assurance need to be in place before they are carried out.

Conclusions
These recommendations are intended to improve patient safety and to avoid economically questionable expenditures.
miR-128-3p reduced acute lung injury induced by sepsis via targeting PEL12
Authors: Liu Shinan , Gao Shuai , Yang Zhaoyu , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis is clinically a syndrome, which is featured by damage to the alveolar epithelium and endothelium. In this study, we employed mice models of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and primary mice pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPVECs) in vitro to investigate the effect of miR-128-3p in ALI caused by sepsis.

Methods
miR-128-3p agomir or randomized control were injected into adult male C57BL/6 mice 1 week before the CLP surgery. We used miR-128-3p agomir or scrambled control to transfect MPVECs and then employed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation on the cells. Pellino homolog 2 (PELI2) was predicted to be a direct target of miR-128-3p via luciferase reporter assay. MPVECs were cotransfected with lentiviral vector that expressed PELI2 (or empty vector) as well as miR-128-3p-mimics 1 day before LPS stimulation in rescue experiment. Transcriptional activity of caspase-3, cell apoptosis rate, and the expression levels of miR-128-3p, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and PELI2 were analyzed.

Results
Compared with the sham group, the lung of mice in the CLP group showed pulmonary morphological abnormalities, and the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis rate were significantly upregulated in the CLP group. Inflammatory factor levels and apoptosis rate were also significantly induced by LPS stimulation on MPVECs. Upregulation of miR-128-3p effectively inhibited sepsis-induced ALI, apoptosis as well as inflammation. miR-128-3p also played a role in antiapoptosis and anti-inflammation in MPVECs with LPS treatment. PEL12 upregulation in MPVECs alleviated miR-128-3p-induced caspase-3 activity inhibition and pro-inflammatory factor production.

Conclusions
miR-128-3p enabled to alleviate sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting PEL12 expression, indicating a novel treatment strategy of miR-128-3p for sepsis-induced ALI.
Prevalence and molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Khoshbayan Amin , Shariati Aref , Shahmoradi Samane , Baseri Zohre , Mozafari Haniyeh , Darban-Sarokhalil Davood 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColistin is one of the last remaining active antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, several recent studies reported colistin-resistant (ColR) Acinetobacter baumannii from different countries. In the current study, we investigated molecular mechanisms involved in colistin resistance in A. baumannii isolates from different clinical samples.A total of 110 clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected from two hospitals in Tehran. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. For the ColR isolates, mutation was detected in pmrA, pmrB, lpxA, lpxC, and lpxD genes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Moreover, the relative expression of the pmrC gene was calculated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Three colistin resistant isolates were identified with MIC between 8 and 16 μg/mL and were resistant to all the tested antimicrobial agents. All the three isolates had a mutation in the pmrB, pmrA, lpxA, lpxD, and lpxC genes. Moreover, the overexpression of pmrC gene was observed in all isolates. Our results showed that the upregulation of the PmrAB two component system was the primary mechanism linked to colistin resistance among the studied colistin resistant A. baumannii isolates.
2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gabrusenko S. A. , Gudkova A. Ya. , Koziolova N. A. , Alexandrova S. A. , Berseneva M. I. , Gordeev M. L. , Dzemeshkevich S. L. , Zaklyazminskaya E. V. , Irtyuga O. B. , Kaplunova V. Yu. , Kostareva A. A. , Krutikov A. N. , Malenkov D. A. , Novikova T. N. , Saidova M. A. , Sanakoev M. K. , Stukalova O. V. 
Published: August 2021

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)With the participation: Russian Association of Cardiovascular SurgeonsEndorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationTask Force: Gabrusenko S.A. (Chairman), Gudkova A.Ya.* (Chairman), Koziolova N.A. (Chairman), Alexandrova S.A., Berseneva M.I., Gordeev M.L., Dzemeshkevich S.L., Zaklyazminskaya E.V., Irtyuga O.B., Kaplunova V.Yu., Kostareva A.A., Krutikov A.N., Malenkov D.A., Novikova T.N., Saidova M.A., Sanakoev M.K., Stukalova O.V.
Detection of COVID-19 case clusters in Québec, May–October 2020
Authors: Lebel Germain , Fortin Élise , Lo Ernest , Boivin Marie-Claude , Tandonnet Matthieu , Gravel Nathalie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The Quebec Public Health Institute (INSPQ) was mandated to develop an automated tool for detecting space-time COVID-19 case clusters to assist regional public health authorities in identifying situations that require public health interventions. This article aims to describe the methodology used and to document the main outcomes achieved.

Methods
New COVID-19 cases are supplied by the “Trajectoire de santé publique” information system, geolocated to civic addresses and then aggregated by day and dissemination area. To target community-level clusters, cases identified as residents of congregate living settings are excluded from the cluster detection analysis. Detection is performed using the space-time scan statistic and Poisson statistical model, and implemented in the SaTScan software. Information on detected clusters is disseminated daily via an online interactive mapping interface.

Results
The number of clusters detected tracked with the number of new cases. Slightly more than 4900 statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01) space-time clusters were detected over 14 health regions from May to October 2020. The Montréal region was the most affected.

Conclusion
Considering the objective of timely cluster detection, the use of near-real-time health surveillance data of varying quality over time and by region constitutes an acceptable compromise between timeliness and data quality. This tool serves to supplement the epidemiologic investigations carried out by regional public health authorities for purposes of COVID-19 management and prevention.
Aspergilloma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Rare Coexistence
Authors: BİRCAN Haci Ahmet , AKCAN Ahmet 
Published: August 2021

Pulmonary aspergilloma (mycetoma) usually is a
saprophytic fungal infection due to aspergillus species
which is colonized and grows into pre-existing cystic/
cavitary lesions resulting from pulmonary tuberculosis
or fibrotic sarcoidosis, or other fibro-cavitary diseases
including interstitial lung diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic, progressive
fibrotic lung disease, characterized by the histological
pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Heavy smoker,
diabetic, a 69-year-old male patient was admitted to
our clinic with complaints of dry cough, fever, dyspnea
on exertion and weight loss. The diagnosis was made
as coexisting of pulmonary aspergilloma and IPF according
to findings on HRCT. Hereby, we wanted to
present this rare case regarding of coexisting of the
development of Aspergillus infection and idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis in the light of the literature.
Incidence and Management of Postoperativ Nausea and Vomiting: A Narrative Review
Authors: Khan Zahid Hussain , Hadi Anmar Hasan 
Published: August 2021

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is viewed as nausea and/or vomiting or retching that occurs in the Post- anesthesia care unit within the first 24–48 h after surgery. The incidence of these adverse reactions is between 30 and 80% following elective surgery based on the type of surgery and anesthesia, and predisposing patient risk factors. The most commonly used criteria in the perioperative assessment of the risk-score is Apfel which is a tool to evaluate PONV. The risk-score depends on Four variables: female gender, PONV history or motion sickness, postoperative opioids, and smoking status.
Methods: Currently available evidence on MEDLINE, PubMed, Google scholar and Cochrane Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, in addition to the citation reviews by manual search of new anesthesia and surgical journals related to management post-operative nausea and vomiting were searched.
Results: This review of recent studies showed incidence and management of post-operative nausea and vomiting and way to prevent or reduce its incidence by using monotherapy or combination antiemetic therapy, multimodal approach and by using optimal anesthetic technique for reducing baseline risk PONV.
Conclusion: The causes of PONV are complex and multifaceted. Patient (gender, individual background, and medical condition); anesthesia type; and surgical procedure are all risk factors for PONV. PONV is better treated by preventing and/or minimizing PONV risk factors, as well as using prophylactic antiemetics in high-risk patients. There is no one PONV antiemetic drug or technique that is 100% appropriate for all patients at this time. If the first anti emetic is unsuccessful, a 2nd or 3rd anti emetic that targets a specific mid brain emetic receptor location may be needed. PONV prophylaxis should be considered for patients who have a low to high chance of contracting the virus, according to the scoring system. The patient may be treated with monotherapy or combination treatment of anti emetics, as well as non pharmacologic approaches and therapies to reduce baseline risk, depending on the severity of risk. A targeted multimodal solution beginning in the preoperative phase is more likely to ensure progress in the management of PONV, which increases patient care satisfaction while still being cost-effective.
The “Emigration Commission”: The Chief Representative for the evacuation of the Polish and Jewish population from the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the evacuation apparatus: A description
Authors: Hryciuk Grzegorz 
Published: August 2021

The changes of political borders between Poland and the Soviet Union in 1944–1945 were accompanied by a relocation campaign lasting until autumn 1946 and affecting the Polish and Jewish populations of Eastern Galicia, Volhynia and Northern Bukovina. An agreement for mutual resettlement of Poles, Jews and Ukrainians, formally referred to as evacuation, was concluded on 9th September 1944 in Lublin between the Polish Committee of National Liberation and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The organisation of the relocation was entrusted to a special apparatus subordinated to evacuation representatives of both sides. The Chief Representative for the evacuation of the Polish and Jewish population from the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was based in Lutsk. Initially, he oversaw seventeen and then eighteen regional representatives in larger cities located in the so-called western oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR. Together with representatives of the Ukrainian side they were to carry out a registration campaign and organise transport for the relocated population and its possessions. The relocation apparatus began to be organised by a group of employees who arrived in Lutsk from Lublin in October 1944 with the first Representative, Stanisław Pizło. The process was viewed with distrust and hostility by the Poles, who were reluctant to leave their homeland. The several hundred staff of the resettlement apparatus struggled, similarly to the local population, with numerous problems relating to provisions and subsistence. The Soviet security services saw many officials working for the Representative as individuals hostile to the Soviet authorities. Consequently, Polish officials were quite often arrested, having been accused of collaborating with the Polish independence underground and of sabotaging the resettlement campaign. A lack of a sense of security led to a considerable staff turnover among the resettlement staff. As most of the people entitled to be evacuated from the various resettlement regions left, from the second half of 1945 the staff working for the evacuation apparatus were gradually dismissed. The transfer of population ended in November 1946 and the final protocol closing the post-war resettlements under the agreement of 9th September 1944 concluded between the Polish Committee of National Liberation and the government of the Ukrainian SSR was signed in May 1947.
Испытание голодом 1946–1947 годов в памяти жителей Восточной Галиции
Authors: Jakimowicz Marcelina , Zubowski Piotr 
Published: August 2021

Массовый голод — это экстремальное, трагическое и разрушительное испытание для человека и общества. В 1946–1947 годах волна голода хлынула на Советскую Украину, она затронула более четырех миллионов человек (на довоенных и послевоенных территориях УССР) и привела к гибели более ста тысяч человек. Послевоенный голод, как и Голодомор 1932–1933 годов, был не только результатом засухи или недавно завершившейся войны, но главным образом коллективизации и борьбы против владельцев аграрных хозяйств. В статье, основанной на биографических рассказах, собранных в ходе полевых исследований в Восточной Галиции, представлены воспоминания жителей о волне послевоенного голода. Собеседники рассказывали о путях выживания, обращали внимание на важность семьи и соседского сообщества, а также приводили примеры несправедливости и беспощадности советской власти. Восточная Галиция в межвоенный период принадлежала территориям Второй Польской Республики, однако рассказчики часто связывали волну послевоенного голода с Голодомором 1932–1933 годов, который является одним из самых трагических исторических событий в истории украинской нации. Послевоенный голод, таким образом, в воспоминаниях респондентов предстал как одна из многих волн голода — самого важного испытания в истории украинской нации.
Bolero, bebop i „bal nad bale” czyli taneczne metafory w wybranych tekstach piosenek Agnieszki Osieckiej
Authors: Ziółkowska Monika 
Published: August 2021

The article is an analysis of selected lyrics from Agnieszka Osiecka’s songs based on the theme of dance as a metaphor. The author of Sopockie bolero, To nasze sopockie bolero and Niech żyje bal uses dance as a lyrical situation which allows the author to analyze the lyrical I’s intensified emotions. Osiecka also uses the possibilities provided by the song form — rhythmicity, repetitions, the closeness of the language of the song to the language of choreography.