bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spent coffee ground characterization, pelletization test and emissions assessment in the combustion process
Authors: Colantoni A. , Paris E. , Bianchini L. , Ferri S. , Marcantonio V. , Carnevale M. , Palma A. , Civitarese V. , Gallucci F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndustrial development and increased energy requirements have led to high consumption of fossil fuels. Thus, environmental pollution has become a profound problem. Every year, a large amount of agro-industrial, municipal and forest residues are treated as waste, but they can be recovered and used to produce thermal and electrical energy through biological or thermochemical conversion processes. Among the main types of agro-industrial waste, soluble coffee residues represent a significant quantity all over the world. Silver skin and spent coffee grounds (SCG) are the main residues of the coffee industry. The many organic compounds contained in coffee residues suggest that their recovery and use could be very beneficial. Indeed, thanks to their composition, they can be used in the production of biodiesel, as a source of sugar, as a precursor for the creation of active carbon or as a sorbent for the removal of metals. After a careful evaluation of the possible uses of coffee grounds, the aim of this research was to show a broad characterization of coffee waste for energy purposes through physical and chemical analyses that highlight the most significant quality indexes, the interactions between them and the quantification of their importance. Results identify important tools for the qualification and quantification of the effects of coffee waste properties on energy production processes. They show that (SCG) are an excellent raw material as biomass, with excellent values in terms of calorific value and low ash content, allowing the production of 98% coffee pellets that are highly suitable for use in thermal conversion systems. Combustion tests were also carried out in an 80kWth boiler and the resulting emissions without any type of abatement filter were characterized.
Clot waveform of APTT has abnormal patterns in subjects with COVID-19
Authors: Shimura Takuya , Kurano Makoto , Kanno Yoshiaki , Ikeda Mahoko , Okamoto Koh , Jubishi Daisuke , Harada Sohei , Okugawa Shu , Moriya Kyoji , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) subjects, recent evidence suggests the presence of unique coagulation abnormalities. In this study, we performed clot waveform analyses to investigate whether specific modulations are observed in COVID-19 subjects. We analyzed the second derivative of the absorbance in routine APTT tests performed using an ACL-TOP system. We observed high frequencies of abnormal patterns in APTT second-derivative curves that could be classified into an early shoulder type, a late shoulder type, or a biphasic type, high maximum first-derivative and second-derivative peak levels, and a low minimum second-derivative peak level in COVID-19 subjects. These modulations were not observed in subjects with disseminated intravascular coagulation. These abnormal patterns are also observed in patients with lupus anticoagulant, hemophilia, or factor IX deficiency. The plasma fibrinogen levels might also be involved in the abnormal APTT waveforms, especially the high maximum first-derivative and second-derivative peak levels. The abnormal patterns in the APTT second-derivative curves appear with highest frequency at around 2 weeks after the onset of COVID-19 and were not associated with the severity of COVID-19. These results suggest the possible presence of a specific abnormal coagulopathy in COVID-19.
Padina boryana mediated green synthesis of crystalline palladium nanoparticles as potential nanodrug against multidrug resistant bacteria and cancer cells
Authors: Sonbol Hana , Ameen Fuad , AlYahya Sami , Almansob Abobakr , Alwakeel Suaad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGreen synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a new and promising alternative to overcome the drug resistance problem. Peculiar nano-specific features of palladium NPs (Pd-NPs) offer invaluable possibilities for clinical treatment. Due to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in pathogenic bacteria and the prevalence of cancers, use of algae-mediated Pd-NPs could be a prospective substitute. Therefore, Pd-NPs were synthesized by a one-step, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly green method using the extract from a brown alga, Padina boryana (PB-extract), and evaluated for their antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activities. Pd-NPs were physicochemically characterized for size, shape, morphology, surface area, charge, atomic composition, crystal structure, and capping of Pd-NPs by PB-extract biomolecules by various techniques. The data revealed crystalline Pd-NPs with an average diameter of 8.7 nm, crystal size/structure of 11.16 nm/face-centered cubic, lattice d-spacing of 0.226 nm, 28.31% as atomic percentage, surface area of 16.1 m2/g, hydrodynamic size of 48 nm, and zeta-potential of − 28.7 ± 1.6 mV. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed the role of PB-extract in capping of Pd-NPs by various functional groups such as –OH, C=C, C–O, and C–N from phenols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic rings, and aliphatic amine. Out of 31, 23 compounds were found involved in biosynthesis by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Isolated strains were identified as MDR Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia fergusonii, Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas enteropelogenes, and Proteus mirabilis and Pd-NPs exhibited strong antibacterial/antibiofilm activities against them with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 62.5–125 μg/mL. Moreover, cell viability assays showed concentration-dependent anti-proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Pd-NPs also enhanced mRNA expression of apoptotic marker genes in the order: p53 (5.5-folds) > bax (3.5-folds) > caspase-3 (3-folds) > caspase-9 (2-folds) at 125 μg/mL. This study suggested the possible role of PB-extract capped Pd-NPs for successful clinical management of MDR pathogens and breast cancer cells.
Interactive effect of potassium and cadmium on growth, root morphology and chlorophyll a fluorescence in tomato plant
Authors: Naciri Rachida , Lahrir Meryeme , Benadis Chahinez , Chtouki Mohamed , Oukarroum Abdallah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of potassium (K) in tomato plant growth exposed to cadmium (Cd) stress. In this work, the effects of three potassium nutrition regimes (155, 232 and 310 ppm of K) combined with Cd at different levels (0, 12 and 25 µM of CdCl2) on chlorophyll content index, root and shoot dry weights, root morphology, chlorophyllafluorescence and translocation factor were analyzed. The results showed a negative effect of cadmium, at different concentrations, on all these parameters. However, optimization of K nutrition has shown promising results by limiting the negative effect of Cd. A positive effect of the high concentration of K (310 ppm) was observed on leaf chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a fluorescence compared to 232 and 155 ppm under Cd stress. K supply improved the electron transport at PSI side indicated by the increase in the amplitude of the I–P phase of OJIP transient. Also, K at a concentration of 310 ppm significantly reduced Cd translocation from root to shoot and improved root and shoot growth parameters in the presence of Cd. K supplementation can reduce the negative effect of Cd by improving photosynthesis and promoting chlorophyll synthesis. The optimization of nutrients composition and concentration might be a good strategy to reduce the impact of Cd on plant growth and physiology.
Cometabolic degradation of toxic trichloroethene or cis-1,2-dichloroethene with phenol and production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)
Authors: Chang Young-Cheol , Venkateswar Reddy M. , Choi DuBok 
Published: March 2021

In this study, for the first-time biological conversion of Trichloroethene (TCE) or cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) into poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Cupriavidus sp. CY-1 was evaluated.
Visible-light driven reduction of CO2 to formate by a water-soluble zinc porphyrin and formate dehydrogenase system with electron-mediated amino and carbamoyl group-modified viologen
Authors: Miyaji Akimitsu , Amao Yutaka 
Published: March 2021

Visible-light-driven CO2 reduction to formate with a system consisting of water-soluble zinc porphyrin, formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii and 1-amino-1′-carbamoyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt as an electron mediator in the presence of triethanolamine was developed.
Preclinical Dysphagia in Community Dwelling Older Adults: What Should We Look For?
Authors: Madhavan Aarthi 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Traditionally, etiology of dysphagia is thought to be related to multiple medical diagnoses including stroke, head and neck cancer, degenerative neurological conditions, and so forth. However, community dwelling older adults (CDOA) can present with dysphagia in the absence of any specific etiology. The purpose of this research was to develop a multidimensional framework to help identify those CDOA at risk for dysphagia of nonspecific etiology.

Method
Pertinent literature was examined to identify support for the proposed framework and to explain how the various elements support the model.

Results
Several factors that are not traditionally thought to be associated with dysphagia can both initiate and exacerbate symptoms of swallowing difficulties. Swallowing difficulties may be subtle and underreported. Monitoring for symptoms related to preclinical dysphagia may be helpful for early identification.

Conclusions
Dysphagia in CDOA is complex and multidimensional. Clinicians working with older adults will benefit from considering elements described in this multidimensional framework to better understand the etiology of swallowing deficits and improve management.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14150078
Practical stability of time‐varying positive systems with time delay
Authors: Li Ruonan , Zhao Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of practical stability for time‐varying positive systems with time delay. For both non‐linear time‐varying positive systems and linear time‐varying positive (LTVP) systems with time delay, sufficient conditions on practical stability are derived by the max‐separable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii (L–K) functional method. Then based on the obtained results, an effective method for designing a desired controller in terms of state feedback and state feedback with input delay is established for LTVP systems with time delay. At the end, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Robust 3D face reconstruction from single noisy depth image through semantic consistency
Authors: Li Peixin , Pei Yuru , Zhong Yicheng , Guo Yuke , Zha Hongbin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the 3D face reconstruction and semantic annotation from a single‐view noisy depth image. A deep neural network‐based coarse‐to‐fine framework is presented to take advantage of 3D morphable model (3DMM) regression and per‐vertex geometry refinement. The low‐dimensional subspace coefficients of the 3DMM initialize the global facial geometry, being prone to be over‐smooth because of the low‐pass characteristics of the shape subspace. The proposed geometry refinement subnetwork predicts per‐vertex displacements to enrich local details, which is learned from unlabelled noisy depth images based on the registration‐like loss. In order to guarantee the semantic correspondence between the resultant 3D face and the depth image, a semantic consistency constraint is introduced to adapt an annotation model learned from the synthetic data to real noisy depth images. The resultant depth annotations are required to be consistent with the label propagation from the coarse and refined parametric 3D faces. The proposed coarse‐to‐fine reconstruction scheme and the semantic consistency constraint are evaluated on the depth‐based 3D face reconstruction and semantic annotation. The series of experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves the performance improvements over compared methods regarding 3D face reconstruction and depth image annotation.
Agile reactive navigation for a non‐holonomic mobile robot using a pixel processor array
Authors: Liu Yanan , Bose Laurie , Greatwood Colin , Chen Jianing , Fan Rui , Richardson Thomas , Carey Stephen J. , Dudek Piotr , Mayol‐Cuevas Walterio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an agile reactive navigation strategy for driving a non‐holonomic ground vehicle around a pre‐set course of gates in a cluttered environment using a low‐cost processor array sensor. This enables machine vision tasks to be performed directly upon the sensor's image plane, rather than using a separate general‐purpose computer. The authors demonstrate a small ground vehicle running through or avoiding multiple gates at high speed using minimal computational resources. To achieve this, target tracking algorithms are developed for the Pixel Processing Array and captured images are then processed directly on the vision sensor acquiring target information for controlling the ground vehicle. The algorithm can run at up to 2000 fps outdoors and 200 fps at indoor illumination levels. Conducting image processing at the sensor level avoids the bottleneck of image transfer encountered in conventional sensors. The real‐time performance of on‐board image processing and robustness is validated through experiments. Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's ability to enable a ground vehicle to navigate at an average speed of 2.20 m/s for passing through multiple gates and 3.88 m/s for a ‘slalom’ task in an environment featuring significant visual clutter.
Weakly supervised salient object detection via double object proposals guidance
Authors: Zhou Zhiheng , Guo Yongfan , Dai Ming , Huang Junchu , Li Xiangwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe weakly supervised methods for salient object detection are attractive, since they greatly release the burden of annotating time‐consuming pixel‐wise masks. However, the image‐level annotations utilized by current weakly supervised salient object detection models are too weak to provide sufficient supervision for this dense prediction task. To this end, a weakly supervised salient object detection method is proposed via double object proposals guidance, which is generated under the supervision of double bounding boxes annotations. With the double object proposals, the authors' method is capable of capturing both accurate but incomplete salient foreground and background information, which contributes to generating saliency maps with uniformly highlighted saliency regions and effectively suppressed background. In addition, an unsupervised salient object segmentation method is proposed, taking advantage of the non‐parametric statistical active contour model (NSACM), for segmenting salient objects with complete and compact boundaries. Experiments on five benchmark datasets show that the authors' weakly supervised salient object detection approach consistently outperforms other weakly supervised and unsupervised methods by a considerable margin, and even has comparable performance to the fully supervised ones.
Laser processing of micro/nano biomimetic structures
Authors: Xiao Guijian , He Yi , Liu Shuai , Yi Hao , Du Lingyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInspired by nature, many researchers have noticed that the micro‐ and nano‐structures originated from organism's surfaces which indict unique properties such as superhydrophobicity, drag reduction, structure colour have much use in academic value. However, conventional processing methods for mimicking biomimetic surface need multistep and is time wasted, not environmental friendly and uneconomic. Thanks to the development of ultrafast laser technology, the pulse duration can reach femtosecond scale, which can precisely realize micro‐ and nano‐processing in one‐step. Here, we introduce and demonstrate the principles of some typical properties. The typical structures caused by interaction between laser and material are discussed. Moreover, laser‐processing methods for biomimetic surface are highlighted to achieve specialized performance.
Lymphstase und Fettgewebshypertrophie – Pathophysiologische Zusammenhänge und therapeutische Optionen
Authors: Faerber Gabriele 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAngeborene oder erworbene, iatrogene, traumatische oder postinfektiöse Störungen des Lymphabflusses führen aufgrund der Lymphstase im Laufe der Zeit zu Gewebeveränderungen wie Fibrosierung und vermehrter lokaler Fettgewebebildung. Häufig kommt es hierdurch zu einer extremen Volumenzunahme der betroffenen Extremität, die nicht durch das Lymphödem allein, sondern vor allem durch die massive Fettgewebshypertrophie bedingt ist. Lymphgefäße und Lymphknoten sind immer in Fettgewebe eingebettet. Dieses perilymphatische Fettgewebe ist essenziell für die lymphatische wie auch immunologische Funktion des Lymphsystems, da das Lymphsystem Fettsäuren als primäre Energiequelle nützt. Kommt es nach Lymphadenektomie und/oder Unterbrechung von Lymphgefäßen zur Lymphstase in der betroffenen Extremität, signalisiert diese einen gesteigerten Energiebedarf für die notwendige Immunantwort und die chronische Inflammation verursacht eine Überstimulation der Fettgewebsproliferation, um ausreichend Energie zur Verfügung stellen zu können. In der Folge kommt es zu weiteren pathophysiologischen Veränderungen, die die Drainagefunktion und damit die Lymphstase weiter verschlechtern. Es hat sich ein Circulus vitiosus aus Lymphstase, Fettgewebsproliferation und Fibrosierung entwickelt.Da die komplexe Entstauungstherapie diesen Zustand allein nicht wesentlich verbessern kann, kommen therapeutisch zusätzliche gewebereduzierende operative Verfahren, in erster Linie die Liposuktion, ggf. in Kombination mit mikrochirurgischen Operationstechniken, zum Einsatz.
A Rare Case of Gastric Perforation Secondary to Endoscopic Glue Injection for Gastric Varices
Authors: Khandagale Varun , Sharma Sandesh , Raghuwanshi Pranav , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGastric perforation is very rare. Gastric perforation following endoscopic glue injection for gastric varices (GVs) in patients with portal hypertension (PHT) has not been documented till date. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a glue injection-induced gastric perforation in patients with PHT that has been treated with primary closure at our institution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of such complication following endoscopic glue injection for GVs. Such site of glue-induced perforation has not been reported in literature till date. A 38-year-old male patient having cirrhosis of liver with PHT underwent repeated upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures for recurrent upper GI bleed. After 20 days of third endoscopic procedure in which he had undergone glue injection for GVs, patient developed abdominal pain and abdominal radiograph was suggestive of bowel perforation. Emergency laparotomy was performed that showed gastric perforation near to glue injection site which was repaired with primary closure at our institution. Complication such as glue injection-induced gastric perforation has not yet been documented. It is potentially life-threatening. Early recognition may lead to a better prognosis through earlier intervention.
A 1D Lyman-alpha profile camera for plasma edge neutral studies on the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Rosenthal A. M. , Hughes J. W. , Bortolon A. , Laggner F. M. , Wilks T. M. , Vieira R. , Leccacorvi R. , Marmar E. , Nagy A. , Freeman C. , Mauzey D. 
Published: March 2021

A one dimensional, absolutely calibrated pinhole camera system was installed on the DIII-D tokamak to measure edge Lyman-alpha (Ly-α) emission from hydrogen isotopes, which can be used to infer neutral density and ionization rate profiles. The system is composed of two cameras, each providing a toroidal fan of 20 lines of sight, viewing the plasma edge on the inboard and outboard side of DIII-D. The cameras’ views lie in a horizontal plane 77 cm below the midplane. At its tangency radius, each channel provides a radial resolution of ∼2 cm full width at half maximum (FWHM) with a total coverage of 22 cm. Each camera consists of a rectangular pinhole, Ly-α reflective mirror, narrow-band Ly-α transmission filter, and a 20 channel AXUV photodetector. The combined mirror and transmission filter have a FWHM of 5 nm, centered near the Ly-α wavelength of 121.6 nm and is capable of rejecting significant, parasitic carbon-III (C-III) emission from intrinsic plasma impurities. To provide a high spatial resolution measurement in a compact footprint, the camera utilizes advanced engineering and manufacturing techniques including 3D printing, high stability mirror mounts, and a novel alignment procedure. Absolutely calibrated, spatially resolved Ly-α brightness measurements utilize a bright, isolated line with low parasitic surface reflections and enable quantitative comparison to modeling to study divertor neutral leakage, main chamber fueling, and radial particle transport.
A functional screen identifies transcriptional networks that regulate HIV-1 and HIV-2
Authors: Pedro Kyle D. , Agosto Luis M. , Sewell Jared A. , Eberenz Kimberly A. , He Xianbao , Fuxman Bass Juan I. , Henderson Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Understanding mechanisms that control HIV expression will provide insight into HIV replication, latency, and pathogenesis. In particular, HIV latency, which is a major barrier to a cure, is maintained by combinatorial mechanisms that regulate transcription. A functional screen was employed to explore transcriptional networks that regulate HIV. These studies identified novel transcription factors that influence HIV transcription and provided an appreciation into intrinsic networks that influence transcriptional activation and repression of different HIV strains.
Antigenic cartography reveals complexities of genetic determinants that lead to antigenic differences among pandemic GII.4 noroviruses
Authors: Kendra Joseph A. , Tohma Kentaro , Ford-Siltz Lauren A. , Lepore Cara J. , Parra Gabriel I. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The GII.4 genotype of human noroviruses accounts for the majority of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. This predominance is characterized by the chronological emergence of new variants in response to immune pressure. We performed a comprehensive analysis on a large panel of GII.4 viruses to investigate the genetic determinants of antigenic diversification. Using immunoassays and neutralization data, we observed major changes to antigenic properties over the course of GII.4 evolution and increased intervariant cross-reactivity across contemporary viruses. Antigenic cartography and sequence analyses indicated a minimum number of coevolving amino acid changes on the structural protein necessary for the emergence of antigenically distinct variants. These insights could facilitate the monitoring and characterization of emerging GII.4 noroviruses and the development of cross-protective vaccines.