bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of fishing season mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in The Waters of Belawan, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Fadhilah A , Dewinta A F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanaguarta) is a small pelagic fish resource with high potential and economic value. This fish is one of the principal species landed at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port. To maintain the resource sustainability, every fishing activities must be carried out wisely. This research aimed to determine the pattern of the fishing season for mackerel landed at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port. The research method used survey method for primary and secondary data collection. Primary data was obtained from interviews and direct data collection from the field. Secondary data were obtained from the time series fisheries statistics of the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port from 2015-2019. The results showed that the highest fishing season for mackerel (Rastrelliger kanaguarta) occurred in November (the end of the second transitional season) with fishing season index value of 127.56%. Meanwhile, the fishing season with the lowest value is estimated to occurred in July (the east season) with the Fishing Season Index value of 77.40% but it is still included in the medium fishing season.
Morphology and weight-length relationship of tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) at Tasik River, South Labuhanbatu Regency, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Desrita  , Manik B , Rambey R , Susetya I E , Hasibuan J S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tinfoil barb is one of the fish caught in the Tasik river. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphology and weight-length relationship of tinfoil barb. This research was conducted in July-August 2020 in the Tasik river using a net with a mesh size of 1.25 inches. The number of fish caught was 96 fish with a total weight (TW) of 2-47 g and a total length (TL) of 60-125 mm. Meristic characteristics of tinfoil barb consecutively are as follows: 31-33 Linnea Literalis (LL), 24-26 Body Circular Scales (BCS), 12-14 Dorsal Front Scales (DFS), 12-14 Tail Scales (TS) a total of 12 pieces, the dorsal fin formula (DF) is DI. 8-9, the ventral fin formula (VF) is V8-10, the pectoral fin formula (PF) is P12-14, the anal fin formula (AF) is AI. 5-6 and the caudal fin formula is (CF) C14. The results of the length-weight relationship indicate that the growth pattern of fish is negative allometric (b =3.221) where the weight gain is faster than the length gain.
Isolation and selection specific bacteriophage from banana in North Sumatera to biologically control Ralstonia syzygii sub sp. celebesensis
in vitro
Authors: Murthi R S , Safni I , Lisnawita  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Blood disease caused by Ralstonia
syzygii sub sp. celebesensis
(Rsc) has been an important issue affecting the production of banana plants in Indonesia. Various controls used such as bactericides, sanitation, biological agents and male flower transfer have not been able to prevent the development of this disease. Specific bacteriophages that control this pathogen have been developed, however, the study of using bacteriophage isolated and selection from banana in North Sumatera has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to isolate and to select specific bacteriophage from banana in North Sumatera to biologically control Rsc. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Universitas Sumatera Utara from January to June 2020. This experiment was conducted with nonfactorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) by applying 4 selected bacteriophages and 1 control treatment (Control, ϕBTF1, ϕBTF2, ϕBTF3, BTF4 with four replications. The results showed that three bacteriophages including ϕBTF1, ϕBTF2, and ϕBTF4 replicated using the lytic cycle and decreased the population of Rsc for 24 hours observation. On the contrary, ϕBTF3 had lysogenic replication and kept Rsc alive but changing the pathogen became avirulent.
Isolation of endophytic fungi from Styrax sumatrana tree from Humbang Hasundutan, North Sumatra
Authors: Elfiati D , Susilowati A , Hidayat A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a group of microorganisms colonizing the plant tissue without exposing hazardous effects to their host. Higher plants have endophytic microbes that produce bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from the leaves, stems and bark of Styrax sumatrana. Samples of Styrax sumatrana leaves, stems and bark were collected from Huta Gurgur Village, Dolok Sanggul District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was used as an isolation medium for endophytic fungi. The collection of endophytic fungal isolates was identified molecularly using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. This study obtained a total of 12 isolates of endophytic fungi, in which five isolates from bark, five isolates from stems and two isolates from leaves. Based on molecular identifications, the 12 isolates belonging to four genera, namely Fusarium, Phyllosticta, Neopestalotiopsis and Pithomyces.
Physiological character analysis of two shallot varieties at various watering frequencies
Authors: Rahmawati N , Mawarni L , Sari N U 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Analysis of the physiological characteristics of plants is important because the analysis includes various observations, calculations, as well as the varying relationships between plant growth and development processes and their results. The purpose of this study was to analyse the physiological characters of two shallot varieties at various watering frequencies. The research design used was a randomized block design with 2 factors, namely shallot varieties (Medan and Bima Brebes) and the frequency of watering (intervals of 1 once a day, once every 3 days, once every 5 days and every 7 days) located in the Greenhouse and Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara in May - September 2019. The results indicated that the Bima Brebes variety produced the highest total chlorophyll, which was significantly different from the Medan variety. The leaves relative water content was not significantly different in the two shallot varieties tested by watering frequency treatment. Watering once in 5 days produced the lowest hydrogen peroxide but produced the highest ascorbate peroxidase enzyme. The activity of the ascorbate peroxidase enzyme was significantly different and had the highest value in the Medan variety, watered with a frequency of once in 5 days.
In vitro mutagenesis of pruacan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk): effect of chemical mutagen EMS and lethal dose determination
Authors: Ajijah N , Darwati I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pruacan is a rare medicinal plant endemic to the Dieng Plateau of the Central Java, Indonesia which has properties as an aphrodisiac. Increasing genetic variability ofthis plant in order to support the breeding programs and increase the productivity and active ingredients of this plant is important. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical mutagen EMS on the growth and development of in vitro culture of pruacan and lethal dose determination. Embryogenic callus were soaked in 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% EMS for 2 hours and then cultured on regeneration medium containing DKW basal salt medium + IBA 5 mg/l. EMS suppressed the growth and development of pruacan somatic embryos culture. The lowest explant fresh weight, percentage of explants forming plantlets and number of plantlets per explant were obtained from 0.7 % EMS (2.38 g, 91.67 % and 6.22, respectively). Lethal dose 50 was obtained from EMS 0.61, 0.645 and 0.53% based on the explants fresh weight, the percentage of explants forming plantlets. And the number of plantlets per explant, respectively. EMS 0.53% can then be applied to induce mutation in the in vitro culture of pruacan.
Study on the electromagnetic properties and microwave absorbing mechanism of flaky FeSiAl alloy based on annealing and phosphate coating
Authors: Li Ze , Wang Jianjiang , Zhao Fang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A low-frequency composite absorbing material with high permeability and low permittivity in low frequency was prepared after the flaky FeSiAl alloy powder was annealed in N2 atmosphere and modified with zinc-based phosphate solution. The effects of annealing temperature and phosphating time on the phase composition, morphology and static magnetic properties of the flaky FeSiAl alloy were investigated with x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). With the aid of vector network analyzer (VNA), the electromagnetic properties and absorbing performance of the powder treated in two ways were studied. The results showed that after annealing in N2 atmosphere, the crystallization degree of FeSiAl powder increased, the crystal type underwent a phase transition of A2-A2/B2-A2/B2/D03, the permittivity decreased, and the permeability was greatly improved. After phosphating, the phosphating reaction products were deposited on the surface of FeSiAl particles, the permittivity was significantly reduced, the low-frequency impedance matching and low-frequency absorption performance were improved. The causes and frequency changes of electromagnetic wave absorption peaks were analyzed with the λ/4 interference cancellation theory, the interface reflection model and the impedance matching principle.
Micro-structural analysis on stress displacement and crack evolution of porous asphalt mixture based on DEM
Authors: Wang Yabo , Zhang Haitao , Zhao Qi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the micro-structure evolution and failure mechanism of porous asphalt mixture under stress. The micro-structural parameters of specimen section are imported into PFC2D, and the change of aggregate displacement is verified by discrete element modeling. Through digital image processing technology, a series of quantitative information of micro structure of mixture section is obtained, and these micro parameters are statistically analyzed, and the statistical results are compared with the macro test. Under the action of stress, porous asphalt mixture produces different degrees of strain. By comparing the meso structural parameters under different strains, the displacement of aggregate and the change process of voids are determined. The results show that with the increase of stress and strain, the specimen is gradually compacted, the aggregate displaces in different degrees, the cracks are gradually generated at the junction of aggregate and cracks, and the specimen is gradually destroyed. The change of void area, void number and void length width ratio can directly show the development process of fracture.
Thermal and wear properties of sansevieria trifasciata green fiber–carbon fiber polymer hybrid composite
Authors: Borukati Sandhya Rani , Prasad B Durga , Ramesh A , Anbumani K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The composites of the recent era have replaced the conventional materials which are widely used in the aerospace industry and safety applications. These application areas require high strength and tough structural materials. Hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers reduces cost, weight, and environmental effects caused by synthetic fiber composites without compromising its strength. In the present study Sansevieria Trifasciata Fiber (S.T.F) and Carbon Fiber (cf) reinforced hybrid composite materials were developed and subjected to wear analysis, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (T.G.A), Differential Thermo Gravimetric (DTG) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M.) for micro structure . The hybrid composites were prepared through the manual hand layup process with different percentages of S.T.F. and cf T.G.A test was performed on the 63.5 × 12.7 × 3 mm3 samples. 30% S.T.F. and 70% cf hybrid epoxy composites under TGA reveals to have the content of 30.9% fiber loss, 67.8% resin loss and 2.2% ash content. 40% STF and 60% CF hybrid composite reveal to have 11.9% fiber loss, 87.2% resin loss and 1% ash content. Similarly 30% STF and 70% CF hybrid composite have the content of 25.8% fiber loss, 72.7% resin loss and 1.5% ash content. Specific wear index of approximately 0.0028062 mm3/N-m was recorded for a sample of 40% STF and 60% CF and the minimum specific wear rate is 0.0010964 mm3/N-m, recorded for a sample of 30% STF and 70% CF at 15 N. TGA contour confirmed that the fiber was solid below 250 °C with the highest cellulose decomposition temperature of 375 °C. DTG confirmed that the crystallization temperature of the fiber was found to be 480.5 °C and the decomposition of lignin was found to be 810 °C temperature.
Behavioral Intervention Components Associated With Cost-effectiveness: A Comparison of Six Domains
Authors: Beard E , Lorencatto F , Gardner B , Michie S , Owen L , Shahab L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
To help implement behavior change interventions (BCIs) it is important to be able to characterize their key components and determine their effectiveness.

Purpose
This study assessed and compared the components of BCIs in terms of intervention functions identified using the Behaviour Change Wheel Framework (BCW) and in terms of their specific behavior change techniques (BCTs) identified using the BCT TaxonomyV1, across six behavioral domains and the association of these with cost-effectiveness.

Methods
BCIs in 251 studies targeting smoking, diet, exercise, sexual health, alcohol and multiple health behaviors, were specified in terms of their intervention functions and their BCTs, grouped into 16 categories. Associations with cost-effectiveness measured in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) upper and lower estimates were determined using regression analysis.

Results
The most prevalent functions were increasing knowledge through education (72.1%) and imparting skills through training (74.9%). The most prevalent BCT groupings were shaping knowledge (86.5%), changing behavioral antecedents (53.0%), supporting self-regulation (47.7%), and providing social support (44.6%). Intervention functions associated with better cost-effectiveness were those based on training (βlow = −15044.3; p = .002), persuasion (βlow = −19384.9; p = .001; βupp = −25947.6; p &lt; .001) and restriction (βupp = −32286.1; p = .019), and with lower cost-effectiveness were those based on environmental restructuring (β = 15023.9low; p = .033). BCT groupings associated with better cost-effectiveness were goals and planning (βlow = −8537.3; p = .019 and βupp = −12416.9; p = .037) and comparison of behavior (βlow = −13561.9, p = .047 and βupp = −30650.2; p = .006). Those associated with lower cost-effectiveness were natural consequences (βlow = 7729.4; p = .033) and reward and threat (βlow = 20106.7; p = .004).

Conclusions
BCIs that focused on training, persuasion and restriction may be more cost-effective, as may those that encourage goal setting and comparison of behaviors with others.
Methylscaper: an R/Shiny app for joint visualization of DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy in single-molecule and single-cell data
Authors: Knight Parker , Gauthier Marie-Pierre L , Pardo Carolina E , Darst Russell P , Kapadia Kevin , Browder Hadley , Morton Eliza , Riva Alberto , Kladde Michael P , Bacher Rhonda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary
Differential DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility are associated with disease development, particularly cancer. Methods that allow profiling of these epigenetic mechanisms in the same reaction and at the single-molecule or single-cell level continue to emerge. However, a challenge lies in jointly visualizing and analyzing the heterogeneous nature of the data and extracting regulatory insight. Here, we present methylscaper, a visualization framework for simultaneous analysis of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility landscapes. Methylscaper implements a weighted principal component analysis that orders DNA molecules, each providing a record of the chromatin state of one epiallele, and reveals patterns of nucleosome positioning, transcription factor occupancy, and DNA methylation. We demonstrate methylscaper’s utility on a long-read, single-molecule methyltransferase accessibility protocol for individual templates (MAPit-BGS) dataset and a single-cell nucleosome, methylation, and transcription sequencing (scNMT-seq) dataset. In comparison to other procedures, methylscaper is able to readily identify chromatin features that are biologically relevant to transcriptional status while scaling to larger datasets.

Availability and implementation
Methylscaper, is implemented in R (version &gt; 4.1) and available on Bioconductor: https://bioconductor.org/packages/methylscaper/, GitHub: https://github.com/rhondabacher/methylscaper/, and Web: https://methylscaper.com.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NPT520-34 improves neuropathology and motor deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Khan Asma , Johnson Robert , Wittmer Carrie , Maile Michelle , Tatsukawa Keith , Wong Julian L , Gill Martin B , Stocking Emily M , Natala Srinivasa R , Paulino Amy D , Bowden-Verhoek Jon K , Wrasidlo Wolfgang , Masliah Eliezer , Bonhaus Douglas W , Price Diana L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNPT520-34 is a clinical stage, small molecule being developed for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The therapeutic potential of NPT520-34 was first suggested by findings from cell-based assays of alpha-synuclein clearance. As reported here, NPT520-34 was subsequently evaluated for therapeutically relevant actions in a transgenic animal model of Parkinson’s disease that overexpresses human alpha-synuclein and in an acute lipopolysaccharide-challenge model using wild-type mice.Daily administration of NPT520-34 to mThy1-alpha-synuclein (Line 61) transgenic mice for 1 or 3 months resulted in reduced alpha-synuclein pathology, reduced expression of markers of neuroinflammation, and improvements in multiple indices of motor function. In a lipopolysaccharide-challenge model using wild-type mice, a single dose of NPT520-34 reduced lipopolysaccharide-evoked increases in the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma.These findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of NPT520-34 on both inflammation and protein-pathology end points, with consequent improvements in motor function in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. These findings further indicate that NPT520-34 may have two complementary actions: (i) to increase the clearance of neurotoxic protein aggregates; and (ii) to directly attenuate inflammation. NPT520-34 treatment may thereby address two of the predominate underlying pathophysiological aspects of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
Person-Based Similarity Index for Cognition and Its Neural Correlates in Late Adulthood: Implications for Cognitive Reserve
Authors: West Anna , Hamlin Noah , Frangou Sophia , Wilson Tony W , Doucet Gaelle E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Healthy aging is typically associated with some level of cognitive decline, but there is substantial variation in such decline among older adults. The mechanisms behind such heterogeneity remain unclear but some have suggested a role for cognitive reserve. In this work, we propose the “person-based similarity index” for cognition (PBSI-Cog) as a proxy for cognitive reserve in older adults, and use the metric to quantify similarity between the cognitive profiles of healthy older and younger participants. In the current study, we computed this metric in 237 healthy older adults (55–88 years) using a reference group of 156 younger adults (18–39 years) taken from the Cambridge Center for Ageing and Neuroscience dataset. Our key findings revealed that PBSI-Cog scores in older adults were: 1) negatively associated with age (rho = −0.25, P = 10−4) and positively associated with higher education (t = 2.4, P = 0.02), 2) largely explained by fluid intelligence and executive function, and 3) predicted more by functional connectivity between lower- and higher-order resting-state networks than brain structural morphometry or education. Particularly, we found that higher segregation between the sensorimotor and executive networks predicted higher PBSI-Cog scores. Our results support the notion that brain network functional organization may underly variability in cognitive reserve in late adulthood.
The Impact of Current Opioid Agonist Therapy on Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Initiation Among People Who Use Drugs From the Direct-acting Antiviral (DAA) Era: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Bartlett Sofia R , Wong Stanley , Yu Amanda , Pearce Margo , MacIsaac Julia , Nouch Susan , Adu Prince , Wilton James , Samji Hasina , Clementi Emilia , Velasquez Hector , Jeong Dahn , Binka Mawuena , Alvarez Maria , Wong Jason , Buxton Jane , Krajden Mel , Janjua Naveed Z 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence that opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is associated with increased odds of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment initiation among people who use drugs (PWUD) is emerging. The objective of this study was to determine the association between current OAT and HCV treatment initiation among PWUD in a population-level linked administrative dataset.

Methods
The British Columbia Hepatitis Testers Cohort was used for this study, which includes all people tested for or diagnosed with HCV in British Columbia, linked to medical visits, hospitalizations, laboratory, prescription drug, and mortality data from 1992 until 2019. PWUD with injecting drug use or opioid use disorder and chronic HCV infection were identified for inclusion in this study. HCV treatment initiation was the main outcome, and subdistribution proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the relationship with current OAT.

Results
In total, 13 803 PWUD with chronic HCV were included in this study. Among those currently on OAT at the end of the study period, 47% (2704/5770) had started HCV treatment, whereas 22% (1778/8033) of those not currently on OAT had started HCV treatment. Among PWUD with chronic HCV infection, current OAT was associated with higher likelihood of HCV treatment initiation in time to event analysis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.84 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.50, 2.26]).

Conclusions
Current OAT was associated with a higher likelihood of HCV treatment initiation. However, many PWUD with HCV currently receiving OAT have yet to receive HCV treatment. Enhanced integration between substance use care and HCV treatment is needed to improve the overall health of PWUD.