bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies on Metastatic Germinoma in Abdomen: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zuo Chenghai , Li Yuhong , Feng Hua , li wenyan , Chen Jingyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: We are introducing a case in which a patient of cranial germinoma developed peritoneal metastasis after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and chemoradiotherapy. It would enlighten us to investigate the optimization of treatment on cranial germinoma when hydrocephalus exists to avoid peritoneal metastasis via shunt. Also, it required further investigations into the agent use in chemotherapy for metastatic germinoma. Case presentation: The patient presented with severe obstructive hydrocephalus so that shunt was processed promptly. He then underwent chemoradiotherapy and tumor in pineal region diminished significantly. Unexpectedly, the patient began to complain of abdominal distention 4 months after the treatment and peritoneal metastasis of germinoma was confirmed. Finally, chemotherapy successfully treated the metastatic tumor as exhibited in the latest examinations.Conclusions: This is a rare case we met amongst patients with cranial germinoma. It inspired us to reflect on the treatment optimization of cranial germinoma with hydrocephalus and standardization of agent use in metastatic germinoma.
Effect of Source-Substrate Distance on Transparent Electrode Properties of the Spray-Cast Aluminium Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Devasia Sebin , Athma P V , Raphael Rakhy , Jose Anumol , I Anila E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The wide band gap zinc oxide is a potential metal oxide that has been widely used in optoelectronic applications. The zinc oxide thin films demonstrates excellent conductivity and transparency enabling them for transparent electrode applications. The aluminium doping is an efficient route in further improving the conductivity without compromising the transparency and scalable spray pyrolysis is an effective approach in realizing high quality thin films. Our current study focuses on the effects of distance between the substrate and spray nozzle on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of aluminium doped zinc oxide. Our results suggests that this spray parameter has appreciable impact on the thin film properties and can be optimized for tuning properties. We explain this in detail backed by the characterization of thin films by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Hall effect measurements.
Effects of Impurity on Void Formation at Interface between Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu and Cu Electroplated Film
Authors: Chiang Ping-Chen , Shen Yu-An , Chen Chih-Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Void formation is a critical reliability concern for solder joints in electronic packaging. The control of microstructures and impurity quantities in Cu electroplated films significantly affects the void formation at the joint interface, but the studies for their comparison are seldom. In this study, three Cu films (termed as A, B, and C) are fabricated using an electroplating process. The Cu A film has a facted grain texture embedded with twins while Cu B and C have a similar columnar texture. After thermal aging at 200°C for 1000 h, the SAC 305 (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) solder joints with Cu A and B exhibit a robust interfacial structure without voids. However, microstructural collapse is observed in the solder joint of SAC 305/Cu C, where many crevives parallel to the interface are formed. Based on the microanalysis, the concentration of impurity is higher in the Cu C film than those in Cu A and B. Moreover, discrete voids rather than continuous crevices are presented in the SAC305/Cu C system when the impurity concentration in Cu C is reduced. The findings demonstrate that the impurity control in the Cu electroplated film is critical for the control of void/crevice formation in the electronic solder joints.
Operational and Environmental Comparison of Two Felling and Piling Alternatives for Whole Tree Thinnings in Quercus Coppices for Bioenergy Use
Authors: Tolosana Eduardo , Laina Rubén , Spinelli Raffaele , Aminti Giovanni , López-Vicens Ignacio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A comparative study of motor-manual and mechanized felling and bunching was conducted when thinning dense coppice stands of the two most important oak species in Spain to obtain biomass for bioenergy use. In particular, the study matched chainsaw felling and manual piling against the work of a drive-to-tree feller-buncher in the very same sites. Productivity functions for felling and piling are fitted for each species. The derived unit cost functions show that the felling-bunching costs are lower for the motor-manual option in both species stands, particularly for the smaller tree sizes. Nevertheless, when the strongly reduced loading times in forwarding associated to the mechanization are taken into account, the total harvesting cost is often lower for the mechanized option. That is true for all tree sizes Q. ilex, and for trees larger than 13 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) for Q. pyrenaica. Residual stand damage was low to moderate, but always significantly greater for the mechanized option compared with the motormanual one. Soil damage was very low for both alternatives. The stumps experimented significantly greater damages in the mechanized felling and bunching, but further research is needed to determine if those damages have any impact on stump mortality, sprouting capability and future plants vigor. The greater productivity and level of tree damages found in Q.ilex when compared to Q. pyrenaica are likely due to the narrower and lighter crown of the latter.
Detection of cytogenomic abnormalities by OncoScan microarray assay for products of conception from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and fresh fetal tissues
Authors: Wen Jiadi , Grommisch Brittany , DiAdamo Autumn , Chai Hongyan , Ng Sok Meng Evelyn , Hui Pei , Bale Allen , Mak Winifred , Wang Guilin , Li Peining 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

The OncoScan microarray assay (OMA) using highly multiplexed molecular inversion probes for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci enabled the detection of cytogenomic abnormalities of chromosomal imbalances and pathogenic copy number variants (pCNV). The small size of molecular inversion probes is optimal for SNP genotyping of fragmented DNA from fixed tissues. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical utility of OMA as a uniform platform to detect cytogenomic abnormalities for pregnancy loss from fresh and fixed tissues of products of conception (POC).

Results

Fresh specimens of POC were routinely subjected to cell culture and then analyzed by karyotyping. POC specimens with a normal karyotype (NK) or culture failure (CF) and from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were subjected to DNA extraction for OMA. The abnormality detection rate (ADR) by OMA on 94 cases of POC-NK, 38 cases of POC-CF, and 35 cases of POC-FFPE tissues were 2% (2/94), 26% (10/38), and 57% (20/35), respectively. The detected cytogenomic abnormalities of aneuploidies, triploidies and pCNV accounted for 50%, 40% and 10% in POC-CF and 85%, 10% and 5% in POC-FFPE, respectively. False negative result from cultured maternal cells and maternal cell contamination (MCC) were each detected in one case. OMA on two cases with unbalanced structural chromosome abnormalities further defined genomic imbalances and breakpoints.

Conclusion

OMA on POC-CF and POC-FFPE showed a high diagnostic yield of cytogenomic abnormalities. This approach circumvented the obstacles of CF from fresh specimens and fragmented DNA from fixed tissues and provided a reliable and effective platform for detecting cytogenomic abnormalities and monitoring true fetal result from MCC.
Statistical characteristics of the spatial distribution of wind and snow in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
Authors: Yu Xuetao , Liu Mengke , Wang Junyu , Liu Qingkuan , Bu Jianqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
At present, the wind and snow loads are calculated independently when determining the design specifications for building structures. Yet, when snow drifting occurs, the basic wind and snow pressures exist almost simultaneously. Therefore, building specifications based on the independent calculations of the wind and snow loads cannot be used effectively in areas that are severely impacted by snow drifting. Some parts of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China have suffered particularly severe snow drifting natural disasters. In this paper, we offer an analysis of the statistical characteristics of the spatial distribution of wind and snow in this region. In particular, we extract the values of the combined distribution of the wind and snowfall in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China by using parameters such as snowfall intensity, snowfall amount, wind speed, and wind direction as indicators that show the snow drifting disasters. This study found that, after heavy snowfall events, the accumulative wind scale is high and the accumulative snowfall is large in the Altay, the Bortala Mongol Autonomous, and the Tacheng Prefectures of northern Xinjiang, and the Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture of western Xinjiang. It has an important practical significance for the design of building structures and the treatment of snow drifting disasters.
Too Long to Wait: South Asian Migrants’ Experiences of Accessing Health Services in Australia
Authors: Adhikari Manju , Kaphle Sabitra , Dhakal Yamuna , Duwadi Sabina , Subedi Rajan , Shakya Sonu , Tamang Sunil , Khadka Mukesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Migrants settling in a new country experience multiple complexity to navigate health systems and ways of living. In South Asia, migrating to developed countries for better life opportunities has been the ongoing trend and migration to Australia has significantly increased in recent years. The lower utilisation services and higher risks of chronic diseases among South Asian migrants has been an ongoing challenge for the health system to tackle and little is known why these groups of population do not access services. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing experiences of accessing health services by South Asian migrants in Australia. Methods: Using mixed method design, 62 online surveys and 14 in-depth interviews were conducted with participants from four countries of South Asia - Nepal, India, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. Participants were recruited using a purposive snowball sampling approach following the standard ethical process. Survey data were analysed descriptively in SPSS to derive relationships between variables. Interview data were recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. Results: South Asian migrants experienced various complexities while accessing health services in Australia. Experiences of accessing health services highlighted a number of factors; long waiting periods to access public health services, expensive nature of private health services and communication problems due to socio-cultural differences. While these migrants have comparatively better experiences about the services in Australia than in their home country, they have expectations for affordable, timely, respectful, and culturally friendly services. South Asian migrants shared the possibility of making services accessible to them by investing more resources in the health sectors, so they can receive the expected quality of care in public settings. Conclusions: Limited evidence is available to understand the factors leading to lower utilisation of services and higher risks of chronic diseases among South Asian migrants. So, this study highlighted numbers of social, cultural, financial, and institutional factors that are critical to design appropriate health service strategies. This study recommended incorporating a collaborative and culturally competent model of care to increase access to services which can further help to reduce existing disparities in health outcomes among migrant populations.
COVA1-18 neutralizing antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 in three preclinical models
Authors: Maisonnasse Pauline , Aldon Yoann , Marc Aurélien , Marlin Romain , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Kuzmina Natalia , Freyn Alec , Snitselaar Jonne , Gonçalves Antonio , Caniels Tom , Burger Judith , Poniman Meliawati , Chesnais Virginie , Diry Ségolène , Iershov Anton , Ronk Adam , Jangra Sonia , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Brouwer Philip , Bijl Tom , Schooten Jelle van , Brinkkemper Mitch , Liu Hejun , Yuan Meng , Mire Chad , Breemen Mariëlle van , Contreras Vanessa , Naninck Thibaut , Lemaitre Julien , Kahlaoui Nidhal , Relouzat Francis , Chapon Catherine , Fang Raphael Ho Tsong , McDanal Charlene , Osei-Twum Mary , St-Amant Natalie , Gagnon Luc , Montefiori David , Wilson Ian , Ginoux Eric , de Bree Godelieve , Garcia-Sastre Adolfo , Schotsaert Michael , Coughlan Lynda , Bukreyev Alexander , Werf Sylvie van der , Guedj Jeremie , Sanders Rogier , Gils Marit van , Grand Roger Le 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One year into the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), effective treatments are still needed1–3. Monoclonal antibodies, given alone or as part of a therapeutic cocktail, have shown promising results in patients, raising the hope that they could play an important role in preventing clinical deterioration in severely ill or in exposed, high risk individuals4–6. Here, we evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of COVA1-18 in vivo, a neutralizing antibody isolated from a convalescent patient7 and highly potent against the B.1.1.7. isolate8,9. In both prophylactic and therapeutic settings, SARS-CoV-2 remained undetectable in the lungs of COVA1-18 treated hACE2 mice. Therapeutic treatment also caused a dramatic reduction in viral loads in the lungs of Syrian hamsters. When administered at 10 mg kg− 1 one day prior to a high dose SARS-CoV-2 challenge in cynomolgus macaques, COVA1-18 had a very strong antiviral activity in the upper respiratory compartments with an estimated reduction in viral infectivity of more than 95%, and prevented lymphopenia and extensive lung lesions. Modelling and experimental findings demonstrate that COVA1-18 has a strong antiviral activity in three different preclinical models and could be a valuable candidate for further clinical evaluation.
Three dimensional acoustic tweezers with acoustic vortex streaming
Authors: Li Junfei , Crivoi Alexandru , Peng Xiuyuan , Shen Lu , Pu Yunjiao , Fan Zheng , Cummer Steven 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Acoustic tweezers use ultrasound for contact-free manipulation of particles from millimeter to sub-micrometer scale. Particle trapping originated in either radiation forces or acoustic streaming fields. Acoustic tweezers based on single-beam focused acoustic vortices have attracted considerable attention due to their selective trapping capability, but have proven difficult to use for 3D trapping without a complex transducer array and significant constraints on the trapped particle properties. Here we demonstrate the first 3D acoustic tweezer that uses a single transducer and combines the radiation force for trapping in two dimensions with the streaming force to provide levitation in the third dimension. The idea is demonstrated in both simulation and experiments, and the achieved levitation force reaches three orders of magnitude larger than for previous 3D trapping. This hybrid acoustic tweezer that integrates acoustic streaming adds a new twist to the approach and expands the range of particles that can be manipulated.
Time-varying associations between COVID-19 case incidence and community-level sociodemographic, occupational, environmental, and mobility risk factors in Massachusetts
Authors: Tieskens Koen , Patil Prasad , Levy Jonathan I. , Brochu Paige , Lane Kevin J. , Fabian M. Patricia , Carnes Fei , Haley Beth M. , Spangler Keith R. , Leibler Jessica H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Associations between community-level risk factors and COVID-19 incidence are used to identify vulnerable subpopulations and target interventions, but the variability of these associations over time remains largely unknown. We evaluated variability in the associations between community-level predictors and COVID-19 case incidence in 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts from March to October 2020. Methods: Using publicly available sociodemographic, occupational, environmental, and mobility datasets, we developed mixed-effect, adjusted Poisson regression models to depict associations between these variables and town-level COVID-19 case incidence data across five distinct time periods. We examined town-level demographic variables, including z-scores of percent Black, Latinx, over 80 years and undergraduate students, as well as factors related to occupation, housing density, economic vulnerability, air pollution (PM2.5), and institutional facilities.Results: Associations between key predictor variables and town-level incidence varied across the five time periods. We observed reductions over time in the association with percentage Black residents (IRR=1.12 CI=(1.12-1.13) in spring, IRR=1.01 CI=(1.00-1.01) in fall). The association with number of long-term care facility beds per capita also decreased over time (IRR=1.28 CI=(1.26-1.31) in spring, IRR=1.07 CI=(1.05-1.09)in fall). Controlling for other factors, towns with higher percentages of essential workers experienced elevated incidence of COVID-19 throughout the pandemic (e.g., IRR=1.30 CI=(1.27-1.33) in spring, IRR=1.20, CI=(1.17-1.22) in fall). Towns with higher percentages of Latinx residents also had sustained elevated incidence over time (e.g., IRR=1.19 CI=(1.18-1.21) in spring, IRR=1.14 CI=(1.13-1.15) in fall). Conclusions: Town-level COVID-19 risk factors vary with time. In Massachusetts, racial (but not ethnic) disparities in COVID-19 incidence have decreased over time, perhaps indicating greater success in risk mitigation in selected communities. Our approach can be used to evaluate effectiveness of public health interventions and target specific mitigation efforts on the community level.
Co-immobilized Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Glucose Dehydrogenase with Resin Extraction for Continuous Production of Chiral Diaryl Alcohol
Authors: Zhou Jieyu , Wu Yanfei , Zhang Qingye , Xu Guochao , NI YE 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ni2+-functionalized porous ceramic/agarose composite beads (Ni-NTA Cerose) can be used as carrier materials to immobilize enzymes harboring a metal affinity tag. Here, a 6×His-tag fusion alcohol dehydrogenase Mu-S5 and glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium (BmGDH) were co-immobilized on Ni-NTA Cerose to construct a packed bed reactor (PBR) for the continuous synthesis of the chiral intermediate (S)-(4-chlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-yl) methanol [(S)-CPMA]. NADPH recycling and in situ product adsorption was achieved simultaneously by assembling a D101 macroporous resin column after the PBR. Using an optimum enzyme activity ration of 2:1 (Mu-S5: BmGDH) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as co-solvent, a space-time yield of 1,560 g/(L·d) could be achieved in the first three days at a flow rate of 5 mL/min and substrate concentration of 10 mM. With simplified selective adsorption and extraction procedures, (S)-CPMA was obtained in 84% isolated yield.
Machine learning to predict quasicrystals from chemical compositions
Authors: Liu Chang , Fujita Erina , Katsura Yukari , Inada Yuki , Ishikawa Asuka , Tamura Ryuji , Kimura Kaoru , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quasicrystals have emerged as a new class of solid-state materials that have long-range order without periodicity, exhibiting rotational symmetries that are disallowed for periodic crystals in most cases. To date, hundreds of new quasicrystals have been found, leading to the discovery of many new and exciting phenomena. However, the pace of the discovery of new quasicrystals has slowed in recent years, largely owing to the lack of clear guiding principles for the synthesis of new quasicrystals. Here, we show that the discovery of new quasicrystals can be accelerated with a simple machine learning workflow. With a list of the chemical compositions of known quasicrystals, approximant crystals, and ordinary crystals, we trained a prediction model to solve the three-class classification task and evaluated its predictability compared to the observed phase diagrams of ternary aluminum systems. The validation experiments strongly support the superior predictive power of machine learning, with the precision and recall of the phase prediction task reaching approximately 0.793 and 0.714, respectively. Furthermore, analyzing the input--output relationships black-boxed into the model, we identified nontrivial empirical equations interpretable by humans that describe conditions necessary for quasicrystal formation.
Simulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall, interannual variability and teleconnections: Evaluation of CMIP6 models
Authors: Rajendran Kavirajan , Surendran Sajani , Varghese Stella Jes , Sathyanath Anjali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We analyse the performance of global climate models of 6th generation of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) in simulating climatological summer monsoon rainfall over India, interannual variability (IAV) of all-India summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and its teleconnections with rainfall variability over equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans. The multimodel ensemble mean (MME) of 61 CMIP6 models shows the best skill in simulating mean monsoon rainfall over India compared to the MMEs of 6th generation atmosphere-only models (AMIP6) and the previous generations of Atmospheric and Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (AMIPs and CMIPs). Systematic improvement and reduction in bias are evident from lower to higher AMIPs/CMIPs. Still, there exists dry bias over a narrow region of the monsoon zone of central India besides wet and cold bias over the surrounding oceans. The persistence of errors in atmosphere-only models hints that the source of errors could be with atmosphere models. Fifteen CMIP6 models selected through objective criteria, perform the best in simulating mean monsoon, IAV of ISMR, the strong inverse relationship between ISMR and Boreal summer El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the inverse relationship between all-India rainfall and north-west tropical Pacific rainfall in June. Several models reproduce the dipole structure of Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO) with the centres over western and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. But, ISMR-EQUINOO relationship in many of them is opposite to the observed. Our analysis implies the need for capturing ISMR-EQUINOO link to improve the simulation of IAV of ISMR which is crucial for reliable monsoon prediction and projection.