bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clustering‐based anonymization approach for privacy‐preserving in the healthcare cloud
Authors: Abbasi Afsoon , Mohammadi Behnaz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToday, modern healthcare systems rely on advanced computational technologies, including cloud‐based systems, to gather and examine personal health data on a large scale. The use of advanced cloud services technologies, such as software as a service, application as a service, is challenging for end‐users of cloud systems to protect sensitive data in their health applications. According to the importance of publishing data in the cloud, the information should be recorded and handled somehow so that any individuals' identity remains hidden. Therefore, one of the critical privacy challenges is protecting the quality of published data and privacy‐preserving on the healthcare cloud simultaneously. The K‐anonymity technology is one of the prevalent methods used for privacy‐preserving. In this article, we suggest a novel approach based on the clustering process using the K‐means++ method to achieve an optimal k‐anonymity algorithm. Also, we use the normal distribution function to delete data that is less frequent, which can be improved the quality of anonymized data. Extensive experiments show the proposed method has been able to reduce information loss 1.5 times and execution time 3.5 times compared to AKA and GCCG algorithms. Also, it is highly scalable than others.
Population genetic structure and evolutionary history of Psammochloa villosa (Trin.) Bor (Poaceae) revealed by AFLP marker
Authors: Lv Ting , Harris AJ , Liu Yuping , Liu Tao , Liang Ruifang , Ma Zilan , Su Xu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPsammochloa villosa is an ecologically important desert grass that occurs in the Inner Mongolian Plateau where it is frequently the dominant species and is involved in sand stabilization and wind breaking. We sought to generate a preliminary demographic framework for P. villosa to support the future studies of this species, its conservation, and sustainable utilization. To accomplish this, we characterized the genetic diversity and structure of 210 individuals from 43 natural populations of P. villosa using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. We obtained 1,728 well‐defined amplified bands from eight pairs of primers, of which 1,654 bands (95.7%) were polymorphic. Results obtained from the AFLPs suggested effective alleles among populations of 1.32, a Nei's standard genetic distance value of 0.206, a Shannon index of 0.332, a coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) of 0.469, and a gene flow parameter (Nm) of 0.576. All these values indicate that there is abundant genetic diversity in P. villosa, but limited gene flow. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation mainly exists within populations (64.2%), and we found that the most genetically similar populations were often not geographically adjacent. Thus, this suggests that the mechanisms of gene flow are surprisingly complex in this species and may occur over long distances. In addition, we predicted the distribution dynamics of P. villosa based on the spatial distribution modeling and found that its range has contracted continuously since the last interglacial period. We speculate that dry, cold climates have been critical in determining the geographic distribution of P. villosa during the Quaternary period. Our study provides new insights into the population genetics and evolutionary history of P. villosa in the Inner Mongolian Plateau and provides a resource that can be used to design in situ conservation actions and prioritize sustainable utilization.
Observing electrochemistry on single plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Jing Chao , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNoble metal nanoparticles with plasmon resonance features have been widely applied in electrocatalysis and photo‐electrochemistry owing to their unique physical, optical, and catalytic properties. As heterogeneity of nanostructures has considerable influence on their catalytic activities, investigation of electrochemical process on a single nano‐catalyst is necessary to eliminate bulk effect and averaged results. Dark‐field microscopy (DFM) enables the measurements of plasmon resonance scattering spectroscopy of a single nanoparticle. Integrating with electrochemistry, DFM provides a powerful tool to real‐time monitor electrochemical reactions at the nanoscale surface to get new insight into the reaction mechanism. Herein, this mini‐review presented impressive applications of DFM in single‐nanoparticle electrochemistry and discussed recent progress on its performance with enhanced sensitivity and resolution.
Removing Disturbing Matrix Constituents from Biota Extracts from Total Extraction and Silicone-Based Passive Sampling
Authors: Muz Melis , Rojo-Nieto Elisa , Jahnke Annika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Contaminant analysis in biota extracts can be hampered by matrix interferences caused by, for example, co-extracted lipids that compromise the quality of the analytical data and require frequent maintenance of the analytical instruments. In the present study, using gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), we aimed to develop and validate a straightforward, robust, and reproducible cleanup method with acceptable recoveries for diverse compound classes with a wide range of physicochemical properties representative of pollutant screening in biota extracts. We compared Oasis PRiME HLB cartridges, Agilent Captiva EMR-Lipid cartridges, and “Freeze-Out” with salmon lipids spiked with 113 target chemicals. The EMR-Lipid cartridges provided extracts with low matrix effects at reproducible recoveries of the multi-class target analytes (93 ± 9% and 95 ± 7% for low and high lipid amounts, respectively). The EMR-Lipid cartridges were further tested with spiked pork lipids submitted to total extraction or silicone-based passive sampling. Reproducible recoveries were achieved and matrix residuals were largely removed as demonstrated gravimetrically for both types of extracts. Ion suppression of halogenated compounds was not as efficiently removed by the cleanup of total and silicone-based extracts of pork lipids as for the salmon lipids. However, the samples with clean up provided better instrument robustness than those without cleanup. Hence, EMR-Lipid cartridges were shown to be efficient as a cleanup method in multi-class monitoring of biota samples and open up new possibilities as a suitable cleanup method for silicone extracts in biota passive sampling studies using GC-HRMS analysis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2693–2704. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Cardiac Toxicity of Cadmium Involves Complex Interactions Among Multiple Ion Currents in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Haverinen Jaakko , Badr Ahmed , Vornanen Matti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) is cardiotoxic to fish, but its effect on the electrical excitability of cardiac myocytes is largely unknown. To this end, we used the whole-cell patch-clamp method to investigate the effects of Cd2+ on ventricular action potentials (APs) and major ion currents in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular myocytes. Trout were acclimated to +4 °C, and APs were measured at the acclimated temperature and elevated temperature (+18 °C). Cd2+ (10, 20, and 100 µM) altered the shape of the ventricular AP in a complex manner. The early plateau fell to less positive membrane voltages, and the total duration of AP prolonged. These effects were obvious at both +4 °C and +18 °C. The depression of the early plateau is due to the strong Cd2+-induced inhibition of the L-type calcium (Ca2+) current (ICaL), whereas the prolongation of the AP is an indirect consequence of the ICaL inhibition: at low voltages of the early plateau, the delayed rectifier potassium (K+) current (IKr) remains small, delaying repolarization of AP. Cd2+ reduced the density and slowed the kinetics of the Na+ current (INa) but left the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) intact. These altered cellular and molecular functions can explain several Cd2+-induced changes in impulse conduction of the fish heart, for example, slowed propagation of the AP in atrial and ventricular myocardia (inhibition of INa), delayed relaxation of the ventricle (prolongation of ventricular AP duration), bradycardia, and atrioventricular block (inhibition of ICaL). These findings indicate that the cardiotoxicity of Cd2+ in fish involves multiple ion currents that are directly and indirectly altered by Cd2+. Through these mechanisms, Cd2+ may trigger cardiac arrhythmias and impair myocardial contraction. Elevated temperature (+18 °C) slightly increases Cd2+ toxicity in trout ventricular myocytes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2874–2885. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Micromolar concentrations of cadmium (Cd2+) induced cardiotoxicity in the rainbow trout heart by inhibiting multiple major ion currents and changing the action potential (AP) waveform. (1) Cd2+ strongly induced inhibition of L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) that (2) depressed the early plateau to less positive membrane voltages at which (3) the delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr) remains small and delaying repolarization of AP. Our findings provide ionic mechanistic explanations for several of the ECG changes found in fish exposed to Cd2+ and may provide clues as how cardiac arrhythmias are induced in vertebrates. Cd2+= cadmium; ICa= L-type calcium (Ca2+) current; IKr = delayed rectifier potassium (K+) current; AP = action potential; ECG = electrocardiograph; P wave = depolarization of the atrium; QRS complex = depolarization of the ventricle; T wave = repolarization of the ventricle.
Study on characteristics of methane explosion flame and pressure wave propagation to the non‐methane area in a connected chamber
Authors: Gu Zhoujie , Liu Zhentang , Wang Zhirong , Shen Rongxi , Qian Jifa , Lin Song 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis study is aimed at investigating the characteristics of CH4 explosion diffusion and propagation to the non‐methane area. The CH4 explosion pressure and flame were tested with the aid of a self‐built horizontal pipeline system. On this basis, the flame images, photoelectric signals, and pressure propagation laws during explosions of methane with different volume fractions in the pipeline were obtained. The experimental research results indicate that an obvious secondary explosion pressure occurs at L/D = 3.5. After the explosion pressures at different positions along the entire pipeline reach the peak values, they experience varying degrees of oscillations. The maximum explosion pressure in the non‐methane zone may occur at different length‐to‐diameter ratios. When the volume fraction of CH4 is larger, the maximum explosion pressure occurs farther. However, the explosion pressure at the end of the pipeline is lower than that at the explosion source. The flame intensity and flame duration of methane explosion are remarkably enhanced at L/D = 17.5 and then become gradually weakened in the non‐methane area. The variations of explosion pressure are always prior to those of flame signal. CO and CO2 are the main toxic and harmful gases produced by methane explosions, and high‐concentration (13% in this experiment) methane explosions produce a small amount of hydrocarbon gases such as C2H4 and C2H6. The volume fractions of the gases produced decrease with the increase in the distance from the explosion source. The research results boast great significance for suppressing methane explosions and their propagation in the pipeline.
Development of an amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay for the detection of sulfonamides in animal‐derived products
Authors: Jin Yong , He Yanping , Zhao Dali , Chen Yan , Xue Qiang , Zou Mingqiang , Yin Hong , Xing Shige 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, we carried out an amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaLISA) to detect sulfonamides (SAs) antibiotic residues in plasma, milk, pork, chicken, and fish. The SAs AlphaLISA method can detect 13 SAs with half‐inhibitory concentration (IC50) 2.11–29.77 ng/ml. The detection level of those SAs was 0.3–41.12 ng/ml in matrices, which satisfied the maximum residue limit (MRL) of the European Union, United States, and China. Our recoveries are in the range of 88% to 116.8% with a coefficient of variation less than 9.3% for different spiked food samples. We observed a good correlation between the AlphaLISA and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) with blood samples from injected rabbits. The established AlphaLISA method provided a no‐washing, rapid, high‐throughput screening tool for SAs in food quality control, which is suitable for small‐volume samples.
Opioid Treatment Agreements and Patient Accountability
Authors: Svirsky Larisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOpioid treatment agreements are written agreements between physicians and patients enumerating the risks associated with opioid medications along with the requirements that patients must meet to receive these medications on an ongoing basis. The choice to use such agreements goes beyond the standard informed consent process and has a distinctive symbolic significance. Specifically, it suggests that physicians regard it as important to hold their patients accountable for adhering to various protocols regarding the use of their opioid medications. After laying out a taxonomy of accountability relations between physicians and patients, I argue that opioid treatment agreements are justifiable for physicians to use in their provision of care only if they improve patient or public health outcomes, which has yet to be demonstrated.
Hope to the End
Authors: Caplan Arthur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the book Exploiting Hope: How the Promise of New Medical Interventions Sustains Us—and Makes Us Vulnerable, Jeremy Snyder takes on the dominant theory that exploitation in research ethics involves culpable inequity in transactions between parties. He rightly dismisses that economic explanation as inadequate. His theory of exploitation argues that it happens when those who have a duty of beneficence to someone take advantage of their hope. Exploitation is not just an unfair transaction; it is a betrayal of an obligation owed to the vulnerable, weak, or dependent to protect them.Snyder is persuasive. But only to a point. He helps us understand the betrayal involved in exploiting hope. But much more remains to be debated about hope and exploitation. Exploitation in health care is not just a matter of schemers and ne'er‐do‐wells playing fast and loose with ever‐hopeful patients. Sometimes it involves patient groups looking for the right to try any intervention, no matter how dangerous or outlandish, at government expense.
After the European Global Vaccination Summit—The need for practical policies to boost vaccination delivery to children in Europe
Authors: Rigby Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow childhood vaccination rates in Europe continue to cause concern and have triggered much policy study. However, regarding children, making immunisation a stand‐alone issue cuts across integrated child health services. Most initiatives, including the 10 Action Points from the 2019 European‐hosted Global Vaccination Summit, are all laudable but high level enablement policies. Delivery processes have been ignored, and key stakeholders not involved in discussions.MethodsReviews of policies, literature and planned actions, leading to identification of further delivery policies needed to facilitate and stimulate practical accomplishments.Results10 aspects are identified where European coordinated action to develop policies, share evidence and increase standards, would be beneficial. These also fit in with established European Commission strengths, and the incoming Commission’s policies and priorities.ConclusionThe European Commission, Member States and child health stakeholders should pursue a holistic approach, taking immunisation as a component of integrated child health. Service delivery should be compatible with modern societal challenges and related parenting patterns, and public health processes modernised and reinvigorated. Nursing and societal stakeholders should be brought in, and fit‐for‐purpose digital support facilitated. This is even more urgent following the diversion of the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Emotional competences and subjective well‐being: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction in young Spanish adults
Authors: Mónaco Estefanía , Gil‐Gómez José‐Antonio , Montoya‐Castilla Inmaculada 
Published: July 2021

Establishing and maintaining relationships is one of the challenges facing young adults at the beginning of this stage in their lives. Emotional competences are related to relationship satisfaction and subjective well‐being. This paper aims to study the relationship between emotional competences and subjective well‐being in young adults, considering the mediating role of satisfaction with the partner. Two hundred and thirty‐three young Spanish people (60.1% women) between 18 and 35 years old (Mean = 22.93; SD = 3.72) participated in the study. All of them had a romantic partner. The Questionnaire of Emotional Skills and Competences (ESCQ‐21), the Scale of Evaluation of the Relationships (RAS), the Scale of Satisfaction with Life (SWLS) and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (SPANE) were used to measure the variables. For analysis, the SPSS version 26 and Mplus version 7.0 were used. The results indicate a significant relationship between emotional competences, relationship satisfaction and subjective well‐being. The mediation model showed that satisfaction with the relationship plays a mediating role between the ability to regulate emotions and subjective well‐being. The importance of emotional education both inside and outside relationships is considered, in order to promote healthy and non‐violent relationships among young people.
The emotional tone of child descriptions during pregnancy is associated with later parenting
Authors: Guyon‐Harris Katherine L. , Carell Regan , DeVlieger Shana , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Huth‐Bocks Alissa C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHow parents think and feel about their young children has implications for the parent–child relationship. We examined prospective associations between prenatal descriptions of the unborn child's personality and later parenting behavior.MethodsPregnant women (N = 120; mean age = 26.16, SD = 5.71) were recruited in their third trimester for a longitudinal study. The sample is demographically diverse and predominantly economically disadvantaged. During prenatal interviews, women described their unborn child's personality, from which positive and negative emotion words were coded. Parenting behavior was coded 12 months postpartum (n = 105 for longitudinal analyses).ResultsUse of positive and negative words was negatively correlated (r = −.34, p < .001). Greater use of positive words to describe the unborn child's personality was associated with higher observed sensitivity, warmth, and engagement during mother–infant interactions, whereas negative words were associated with higher interference and lower levels of sensitivity. Mothers who used anxiety‐ and/or anger‐related words to describe their unborn child, relative to mothers who did not, demonstrated higher interference and lower warmth and sensitivity.ConclusionDescriptions of a child's personality before the child is born were associated with postnatal parenting behavior. Prenatal interventions that address negative thoughts and feelings regarding the child may be beneficial for promoting positive parenting postnatally.
Prepared Pd/MgO/BiVO4 composite for photoreduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Hwang Yu‐Teng , Liang Hao‐Chun , Wu Ren‐Jang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, several Pd/MgO/BiVO4 nanocomposites were prepared using the hydrothermal method and their effective photocatalyst activity for the photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 was investigated. The microstructure and photocatalytic behavior of the prepared photocatalysts were studied through X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, tunneling electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. CH4 yields of 5.9 and 9.4 μmol g−1 hr−1 were obtained using BiVO4 and 25% MgO/BiVO4 nanocomposites, respectively. The highest production rate of CH4 was measured as 12.8 μmol g−1 hr−1 on overloading 0.3% Pd on 25% MgO/BiVO4. Pd/MgO/BiVO4 exhibited excellent CO2 photoreduction stability with negligible loss after five consecutive cycles. Finally, a possible mechanism of CO2 photoreduction using Pd/MgO/BiVO4 was proposed for understanding the synergistic effects. The results of the experiment revealed that Pd/MgO/BiVO4 can be a promising photocatalyst in solar energy conversion and storage application and can achieve excellent CO2 photoreduction performance.
Astrocytes‐derived extracellular vesicles in motion at the neuron surface: Involvement of the prion protein
Authors: D'Arrigo Giulia , Gabrielli Martina , Scaroni Federica , Swuec Paolo , Amin Ladan , Pegoraro Anna , Adinolfi Elena , Di Virgilio Francesco , Cojoc Dan , Legname Giuseppe , Verderio Claudia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAstrocytes‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in glia‐neuron communication. However, whether EVs interact with neurons at preferential sites and how EVs reach these sites on neurons remains elusive. Using optical manipulation to study single EV‐neuron dynamics, we here show that large EVs scan the neuron surface and use neuronal processes as highways to move extracellularly. Large EV motion on neurites is driven by the binding of EV to a surface receptor that slides on neuronal membrane, thanks to actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. The use of prion protein (PrP)‐coated synthetic beads and PrP knock out EVs/neurons points at vesicular PrP and its receptor(s) on neurons in the control of EV motion. Surprisingly, a fraction of large EVs contains actin filaments and has an independent capacity to move in an actin‐mediated way, through intermittent contacts with the plasma membrane. Our results unveil, for the first time, a dual mechanism exploited by astrocytic large EVs to passively/actively reach target sites on neurons moving on the neuron surface.
LncRNA‐encoded microproteins: A new form of cargo in cell culture‐derived and circulating extracellular vesicles
Authors: Cai Tanxi , Zhang Qing , Wu Bowen , Wang Jifeng , Li Na , Zhang Tingting , Wang Zhipeng , Luo Jianjun , Guo Xiaojing , Ding Xiang , Xie Zhensheng , Niu Lili , Ning Weihai , Fan Zhen , Chen Xiaowei , Guo Xiangqian , Chen Runsheng , Zhang Hongwei , Yang Fuquan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdvancements in omics‐based technologies over the past few years have led to the discovery of numerous biologically relevant peptides encoded by small open reading frames (smORFs) embedded in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts (referred to as microproteins here) in a variety of species. However, the mechanisms and modes of action that underlie the roles of microproteins have yet to be fully characterized. Herein, we provide the first experimental evidence of abundant microproteins in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from glioma cancer cells, indicating that the EV‐mediated transfer of microproteins may represent a novel mechanism for intercellular communication. Intriguingly, when examining human plasma, 48, 11 and 3 microproteins were identified from purified EVs, whole plasma and EV‐free plasma, respectively, suggesting that circulating microproteins are primarily enriched in EVs. Most importantly, the preliminary data showed that the expression profile of EV microproteins in glioma patient diverged from the health donors, suggesting that the circulating microproteins in EVs might have potential diagnostic application in identifying patients with glioma.