bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High spatial resolution dosimetry with uncertainty analysis using Raman micro‐spectroscopy readout of radiochromic films
Authors: Mcnairn Connor , Mansour Iymad , Muir Bryan , Thomson Rowan M. , Murugkar Sangeeta 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to develop a new approach for high spatial resolution dosimetry based on Raman micro‐spectroscopy scanning of radiochromic film (RCF). The goal is to generate dose calibration curves over an extended dose range from 0 to 50 Gy and with improved sensitivity to low (<2 Gy) doses, in addition to evaluating the uncertainties in dose estimation associated with the calibration curves.MethodsSamples of RCF (EBT3) were irradiated at a broad dose range of 0.03–50 Gy using an Elekta Synergy clinical linear accelerator. Raman spectra were acquired with a custom‐built Raman micro‐spectroscopy setup involving a 500 mW, multimode 785 nm laser focused to a lateral spot diameter of 30 µm on the RCF. The depth of focus of 34 µm enabled the concurrent collection of Raman spectra from the RCF active layer and the polyester laminate. The preprocessed Raman spectra were normalized to the intensity of the 1614 cm−1 Raman peak from the polyester laminate that was unaltered by radiation. The mean intensities and the corresponding standard deviation of the active layer Raman peaks at 696, 1445, and 2060 cm−1 were determined for the 150 × 100 µm2 scan area per dose value. This was used to generate three calibration curves that enabled the conversion of the measured Raman intensity to dose values. The experimental, fitting, and total dose uncertainty was determined across the entire dose range for the dosimetry system of Raman micro‐spectroscopy and RCF.ResultsIn contrast to previous work that investigated the Raman response of RCFs using different methods, high resolution in the dose response of the RCF, even down to 0.03 Gy, was obtained in this study. The dynamic range of the calibration curves based on all three Raman peaks in the RCF extended up to 50 Gy with no saturation. At a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 µm2, the total uncertainty in estimating dose in the 0.5–50 Gy dose range was [6–9]% for all three Raman calibration curves. This consisted of the experimental uncertainty of [5–8]%, and the fitting uncertainty of [2.5–4.5]%. The main contribution to the experimental uncertainty was determined to be from the scan area inhomogeneity which can be readily reduced in future experiments. The fitting uncertainty could be reduced by performing Raman measurements on RCF samples at further intermediate dose values in the high and low dose range.ConclusionsThe high spatial resolution experimental dosimetry technique based on Raman micro‐spectroscopy and RCF presented here, could become potentially useful for applications in microdosimetry to produce meaningful dose estimates in cellular targets, as well as for applications based on small field dosimetry that involve high dose gradients.
Do Remote Camera Arrangements and Image Capture Settings Improve Individual Identification of Golden Eagles?
Authors: Vukovich Mark , Garabedian James E. , Zarnoch Stanley J. , Kilgo John C. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIndividual identification of animals from camera traps has become an important task in wildlife research, but camera deployment methods often do not facilitate this important undertaking. Identification of individual golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) is possible using uniquely marked rectrices, but no studies have explored methods to maximize the rate of individual identification from camera images. Our objectives were to assess whether different camera heights (1 m vs. 3 m), image capture settings (one image after a 1‐min delay vs. burst of 5 images after a 30 sec delay), and arrangements relative to bait (dorsally vs. ventrally aimed) affected views of rectrices on golden eagles and our ability to identify individuals. We conducted our study from 15 December 2016 to 3 March 2017 on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. First, we developed a scoring system based on views of rectrices and used a linear mixed‐effects model to compare image scores among different camera arrangements and image settings. Next, after identifying individual eagles, we used generalized linear mixed‐effects models to compare total individual eagle detections, total days an individual was detected, and probability of obtaining an unknown individual identification among camera arrangements and settings. Overall, we scored a total of 27,499 images, with 8,083 providing views of marked rectrices that allowed identification of 18 individual eagles. Average image scores and proportion of images suitable for individual identification were higher from elevated (3 m) camera arrangements than standard arrangements (1 m) across sites. Regardless of camera height, faster frequency of image capture provided more images that could be used to identify individuals and the most trap days per individual. Researchers and managers should consider deploying elevated cameras traps with faster frequency of image capture to improve data quality and potential for analysis of golden eagle populations and trends across the species’ range. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
VLBI measurement of the vector baseline between geodetic antennas at Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory, Hawaii
Authors: Niell A. E. , Barrett J. P. , Cappallo R. J. , Corey B. E. , Elosegui P. , Mondal D. , Rajagopalan G. , Ruszczyk C. A. , Titus M. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe measured the components of the 31-m-long vector between the two very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) antennas at the Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory (KPGO), Hawaii, with approximately 1 mm precision using phase delay observables from dedicated VLBI observations in 2016 and 2018. The two KPGO antennas are the 20 m legacy VLBI antenna and the 12 m VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) antenna. Independent estimates of the vector between the two antennas were obtained by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) using standard optical surveys in 2015 and 2018. The uncertainties of the latter survey were 0.3 and 0.7 mm in the horizontal and vertical components of the baseline, respectively. We applied corrections to the measured positions for the varying thermal deformation of the antennas on the different days of the VLBI and survey measurements, which can amount to 1 mm, bringing all results to a common reference temperature. The difference between the VLBI and survey results are 0.2 ± 0.4 mm, −1.3 ± 0.4 mm, and 0.8 ± 0.8 mm in the East, North, and Up topocentric components, respectively. We also estimate that the Up component of the baseline may suffer from systematic errors due to gravitational deformation and uncalibrated instrumental delay variations at the 20 m antenna that may reach ± 10 and −2 mm, respectively, resulting in an accuracy uncertainty on the order of 10 mm for the relative heights of the antennas. Furthermore, possible tilting of the 12 m antenna increases the uncertainties in the differences in the horizontal components to 1.0 mm. These results bring into focus the importance of (1) correcting to a common reference temperature the measurements of the reference points of all geodetic instruments within a site, (2) obtaining measurements of the gravitational deformation of all antennas, and (3) monitoring local motions of the geodetic instruments. These results have significant implications for the accuracy of global reference frames that require accurate local ties between geodetic instruments, such as the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
Passive Versus Active Intra‐Abdominal Drainage Following Pancreatic Resection: Does A Superior Drainage System Exist? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Park Lily J. , Baker Laura , Smith Heather , Lemke Madeline , Davis Alexandra , Abou‐Khalil Jad , Martel Guillaume , Balaa Fady K. , Bertens Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major source of morbidity following pancreatic resection. Surgically placed drains under suction or gravity are routinely used to help mitigate the complications associated with POPF. Controversy exists as to whether one of these drain management strategies is superior. The objective was to identify and compare the incidence of POPF, adverse events, and resource utilization associated with passive gravity (PG) versus active suction (AS) drainage following pancreatic resection. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to May 18, 2020. Outcomes of interest included POPF, post‐pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), surgical site infection (SSI), other major morbidity, and resource utilization. Descriptive qualitative and pooled quantitative meta‐analyses were performed. One randomized control trial and five cohort studies involving 10 663 patients were included. Meta‐analysis found no difference in the odds of developing POPF between AS and PG (p = 0.78). There were no differences in other endpoints including PPH (p = 0.58), SSI (wound p = 0.21, organ space p = 0.05), major morbidity (p = 0.71), or resource utilization (p = 0.72). The risk of POPF or other adverse outcomes is not impacted by drain management following pancreatic resection. Based on current evidence, a suggestion cannot be made to support the use of one drain over another at this time. There is a trend toward increased intra‐abdominal wound infections with AS drains (p = 0.05) that merits further investigation.
Periodontitis and pulmonary function: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian-Edgar , Nolde Michael , Holtfreter Birte , Baurecht Hansjörg , Gläser Sven , Kocher Thomas , Ehmke Benjamin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Observational research suggests that periodontitis affects pulmonary function; however, observational studies are subject to confounding and reverse causation, making causal inference and the direction of these associations difficult. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential causal association between genetic liability to periodontitis and pulmonary function.

Materials and methods
We used six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with periodontitis (P < 5 × 10−6) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 17,353 European descent periodontitis cases and 28,210 controls from the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium and the UK Biobank, and related these to SNPs from a lung function GWAS including 79,055 study participants of the SpiroMeta Consortium.

Results
MR analysis suggested no effect of periodontitis on the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to lower forced vital capacity (standard deviation increment in outcome per doubling of the odds of the exposure (95% confidence interval) =  − 0.004 (− 0.028; 0.020)). Replication analysis using genetic instruments from two different GWAS and sensitivity analyses to address potential pleiotropy led to no substantial changes in estimates.

Conclusions
Collectively, these findings do not support a relationship between genetic liability for periodontitis and pulmonary function.

Clinical relevance
Periodontitis does not seem to be a risk factor for worsening of pulmonary function.
Mentalisieren und selbstregulative Fähigkeiten bei nichtklinischen Probanden
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans , Nolte Tobias , Kirsch Holger , Gingelmaier Stephan 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Konfiguration selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten wird eine zentrale Rolle im Zustandekommen von Stress- und Belastungserleben zugewiesen, wobei dysfunktionale Anordnungen selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten charakteristisch für hohes Stresserleben sind. Mentalisieren – definiert als die Fähigkeit, Verhaltensweisen auf Basis mentaler Zustände wahrnehmen und bedenken zu können – ist ein ursprünglich klinisches Konzept, dem in jüngerer Zeit allerdings zusehends eine konstituierende Funktion im Zustandekommen psychischer Gesundheit zugewiesen wird und das hierbei Einfluss auf die Anordnung selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten verüben könnte.

Fragestellung
Die vorliegende Studie prüft, inwieweit ein mentalisierendes Verständnis mit adaptiven bzw. dysfunktionalen Konfigurationen selbstregulativer Merkmale assoziiert ist.

Methode
Die Studie nutzt Daten von 173 nichtklinischen Probanden (Querschnitt), die auf Basis von Fragebögen Mentalisierungsfähigkeiten, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und selbstregulative Fähigkeiten einschätzten.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass beeinträchtigte Formen der Mentalisierens unabhängig von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen mit der zunehmenden Wahrscheinlichkeit assoziiert sind, maladaptiven Konstellationen selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten zugeordnet zu werden.

Diskussion
Unter Verweis auf die ermittelten Befunde lassen sich mentalisierungsfördernde Interventionen mit dem Ziel der Gesunderhaltung an nichtklinische Populationen gut begründen.
The influence of PSA's likeability on children’s intentions to eat healthy food
Authors: Nicolini Valentina , Cassia Fabio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper suggests a model that considers the effects of the children’s attitude toward Public Service Announcements—PSAs (measured through the likeability of PSAs) on their behavioural intention to eat fruits and vegetables. The suggested model was tested through an empirical analysis conducted with children aged 8 to 11 and the data were analysed through partial least squares – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) multigroup analysis. The findings indicate that the positive emotions PSAs generate and PSA credibility mediate the effects of the children’s perceived likeability of PSAs on their behavioural intention to eat fruits and vegetables. Overall, understanding the connections between PSA likeability, positive emotions, PSA credibility and behavioural intentions can facilitate the development of further social advertisements aimed at children covering healthy eating. Therefore, the findings of this study are relevant for non-profit organizations, government institutions and advertisers interested in creating effective social messages aimed at children.
Deciphering voids in Dasycladales, the case of Dragastanella transylvanica, a new Lower Cretaceous triploporellacean genus and species from Romania
Authors: Barattolo Filippo , Bucur Ioan I. , Marian Alexandru V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDragastanella transylvanica n. gen. n. sp. is described. Its calcified skeleton contains numerous voids, partly related to the molds of soft parts of the alga, but also related to lack of calcification. Interpretation of these voids, especially their attribution to original structures (e.g., primary lateral versus reproductive organ), has important implications for the taxonomic position of the alga, even at the family level. Examination of key sections that include the boundary between sterile and fertile parts of the alga excludes the occurrence of external reproductive organs. Unusual, paired pores in the outer part of the mineralized skeleton reflect an asymmetry within the whorl, excluding the presence of secondary laterals. The alga is characterized by a cylindrical to club-shaped thallus bearing only phloiophorous primary laterals arranged in whorls and flaring outwards, forming a cortex. Mineralized lenticular reproductive organs containing cysts set in the equatorial plane (Russoella-type gametophores) occur inside primary laterals (cladosporous arrangement of the reproductive organs). These characters support establishment of the new genus Dragastanella. Dragastanella transylvanica n. gen. n. sp. resembles species previously referred to Zittelina (Zittelina hispanica and Zittelina massei) and Triploporella (Triploporella matesina and Triploporella carpatica). Except for Triploporella carpatica, whose mineralized skeleton does not permit confident attribution to either Triploporella or Dragastanella n. gen., the other species must be ascribed to Dragastanella n. gen. Therefore, the following new combinations are proposed: Dragastanella hispanica n. comb., Dragastanella massei n. comb., and Dragastanella matesina n. comb. Despite widely overlapping biometrical measurements, these species can be differentiated by the size and location of their reproductive organs, the pattern of calcification around the primary laterals, and relationships among structural parameters such as the size of laterals, number of laterals per whorl, and distance between whorls.
A model study on controlling dealloying corrosion attack by lateral modification of surfactant inhibitors
Authors: Neupane Shova , Rivas Nicolás A. , Losada-Pérez Patricia , D’Haen Jan , Noei Heshmat , Keller Thomas. F. , Stierle Andreas , Rudolph Michael , Terfort Andreas , Bertran Oscar , Crespo Daniel , Kokalj Anton , Renner Frank Uwe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetrimental corrosion is an ever-concerning challenge for metals and alloys. One possible remedy is to apply organic corrosion inhibitors. Despite progress in molecular assembly and inhibitor research, better mechanistic insight on the molecular level is needed. Here we report on the behavior of well-defined artificial molecular interfaces created by micro-contact printing of thiol-inhibitor molecules and subsequent backfilling. The obtained heterogeneity and defects trigger localized dealloying-corrosion of well-defined Cu3Au surfaces. The stability of applied inhibitor molecules depends on alloy surface morphology and on intermolecular forces of the molecular layers. On extended terraces, dealloying preferentially starts at the boundary between areas composed of the two different chain-length inhibitor molecules. Inside of the areas hardly any nucleation of initial pits is visible. Step density strongly influences the morphology of the dealloying attack, while film heterogeneity avoids cracking and controls molecular-scale corrosion attack. The presented surface-science approach, moreover, will ultimately allow to verify the acting mechanisms of inhibitor-cocktails to develop recipes to stabilize metallic alloy surfaces.
Low rank representations for quantum simulation of electronic structure
Authors: Motta Mario , Ye Erika , McClean Jarrod R. , Li Zhendong , Minnich Austin J. , Babbush Ryan , Chan Garnet Kin-Lic 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe quantum simulation of quantum chemistry is a promising application of quantum computers. However, for N molecular orbitals, the $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{4})$$

O

(

N

4

)

gate complexity of performing Hamiltonian and unitary Coupled Cluster Trotter steps makes simulation based on such primitives challenging. We substantially reduce the gate complexity of such primitives through a two-step low-rank factorization of the Hamiltonian and cluster operator, accompanied by truncation of small terms. Using truncations that incur errors below chemical accuracy allow one to perform Trotter steps of the arbitrary basis electronic structure Hamiltonian with $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{3})$$

O

(

N

3

)

gate complexity in small simulations, which reduces to $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{2})$$

O

(

N

2

)

gate complexity in the asymptotic regime; and unitary Coupled Cluster Trotter steps with $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{3})$$

O

(

N

3

)

gate complexity as a function of increasing basis size for a given molecule. In the case of the Hamiltonian Trotter step, these circuits have $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{2})$$

O

(

N

2

)

depth on a linearly connected array, an improvement over the $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{3})$$

O

(

N

3

)

scaling assuming no truncation. As a practical example, we show that a chemically accurate Hamiltonian Trotter step for a 50 qubit molecular simulation can be carried out in the molecular orbital basis with as few as 4000 layers of parallel nearest-neighbor two-qubit gates, consisting of fewer than 105 non-Clifford rotations. We also apply our algorithm to iron–sulfur clusters relevant for elucidating the mode of action of metalloenzymes.
ERCP improves mortality in acute biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis
Authors: Novikov Aleksey A. , Fieber Jennifer H. , Saumoy Monica , Rosenblatt Russell , Mekelburg Shirley A. Cohen , Shah Shawn L. , Crawford Carl V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an increasingly common indication for hospitalization in the United States. The necessity for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the timing of ERCP in acute gallstone-related pancreatitis without cholangitis (AGPNC) is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of ERCP and its performance during admission with mortality and length of stay (LOS) in patients with AGPNC.
Patients and methods We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2004 to 2014 to identify all patients with admissions for gallstone AP. We excluded patients with chronic pancreatitis or concurrent cholangitis, and those who were transferred from elsewhere for treatment. Our primary outcome measure was inpatient mortality. Our secondary outcome measure was hospital length of stay (LOS).
Results We identified 491,011 records eligible for analysis. Of the patients, 30.6 % (150,101) had AGPNC. There were 1.34 deaths per 100 admissions in patients with AGPNC. The average LOS was 5.88 (± 6.38) days with a median stay of 4 days (range, 3–7). When adjusted for age, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and severe pancreatitis, patients with ERCP during admission were 43 % less likely to die. ERCP performed between Days 3 and 9 of hospitalization resulted in a significant mortality benefit. Among those who had ERCP, a shorter wait time for ERCP was associated with a shorter LOS after adjustment for demographics and severity of illness.
Conclusion ERCP performed during inpatient admission for AGPNC was associated with decreased mortality. These data support early ERCP in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis without cholangitis.
Improving ACGME Compliance for Obstetric Anesthesiology Fellows Using an Automated Email Notification System
Authors: Ende Holly B. , Richardson Michael G. , Lopez Brandon M. , Wanderer Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education establishes minimum case requirements for trainees. In the subspecialty of obstetric anesthesiology, requirements for fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal procedures pose a particular challenge due to the physical location remote from labor and delivery and frequent last-minute scheduling.
Objectives In response to this challenge, we implemented an informatics-based notification system, with the aim of increasing fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal surgeries.
Methods In December 2014 an automated email notification system to inform obstetric anesthesiology fellows of scheduled nonobstetric surgeries in pregnant patients was initiated. Cases were identified via daily automated query of the preoperative evaluation database looking for structured documentation of current pregnancy. Information on flagged cases including patient medical record number, operating room location, and date and time of procedure were communicated to fellows via automated email daily. Median fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal procedures per quarter before and after implementation were compared using an exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test due to low baseline absolute counts. The fraction of antenatal cases representing nonobstetric procedures completed by fellows before and after implementation was compared using a Fisher's exact test.
Results The number of nonobstetric antenatal cases logged by fellows per quarter increased significantly following implementation, from median 0[0,1] to 3[1,6] cases/quarter (p = 0.007). Additionally, nonobstetric antenatal cases completed by fellows as a percentage of total antenatal cases completed increased from 14% in preimplementation years to 52% in postimplementation years (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Through an automated email system to identify nonobstetric antenatal procedures in pregnant patients, we were able to increase the number of these cases completed by fellows during 3 years following implementation.