bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: A rare but lethal complication of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients
Authors: Ruiz Nicole C. , Kamel Amir Y. , Shoulders Bethany R. , Rosenthal Martin D. , Murray‐Casanova Irina M. , Brakenridge Scott C. , Moore Frederick A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)/ Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines recognize that critically ill patients receiving stable, low doses of vasopressors have experienced the advantages of early initiation of enteral nutrition (EN). However, clinical questions remained unanswered including vasopressor combinations associated with complications, the advent of other therapies during hypotensive states, as well as the volume and content of EN that might contribute to the development of a nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI).PresentationA 68‐year old male with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease with two‐vessel bypass grafting, and peripheral vascular disease underwent subtotal excision of an infected right axillofemoral‐femoral bypass graft. Postoperatively, EN was held because of hemodynamic instability and postsurgical complications. A fiber‐free, high‐protein, and low‐residue formula was started at 10 ml/h while the patient was receiving stable doses of midodrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin. Despite advancement of tube‐feed rates to goal, nasogastric output never exceeded 300 ml. Computerized tomography of the abdomen showed diffuse bowel distention with pneumatosis, concerning for bowel ischemia. No surgical interventions were pursued, and the patient died.ConclusionsOur patient developed NOMI postoperatively while receiving EN. Further studies addressing EN route, trophic vs full EN, recommended formula, the safety of vasoactive agents, the addition of fiber to EN, and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in relation to NOMI are needed, as there continues to be clinical controversy regarding these topics.
Nutrition strategies for pressure injury management: Implementing the 2019 International Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Munoz Nancy , Posthauer Mary Ellen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNutrition is an important component in the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries (PIs). The skin is the largest organ of the body, and macronutrients and micronutrients in specific amounts are required to maintain and repair body tissues. The European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, and the Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: 2019 Clinical Practice Guideline includes nutrition recommendations for PI management. This manuscript identifies the key nutrients required for wound healing, reviews the evidence in the 2019 nutrition recommendations, and translates the recommendations provided into key points to be incorporated into policy and practice that impact patient outcomes.
The selection of polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone films for industrial application using the multiple‐criteria decision‐making approach
Authors: Nikouei Mohammad Ali , Mosaffa Elias , Amiri Maghsoud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe polyethersulfone (PES)‐based composite polymers have been extensively studied for many years as the core of various scientific activities, such as fuel cell production, water treatment, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and gas separation, which represent a significant field of research for several applications. In the present study, PES and polyvinylpyrrolidone‐coated magnetic core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized. Following this, a range of these NPs and PES blend polymers are prepared. Then, analyzing methods are used for identification and characterization of a variety of these samples. Since some properties of the samples have been improved, and others are attenuated, the best composition could not be selected from the samples without a logical process. To do so, a multiple‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) technique that considers all the desired parameters is utilized. A MCDM algorithm is applied to create a ranking of alternative properties from the best to the worst, alongside mathematical calculations which accounts for the relative importance of the criteria. Results have shown that PES film with 15% of polymer‐coated NPs presents the best performance based on the desired properties.
Incidence of childhood hearing loss after in utero exposure to platinum agents
Authors: Finch Lauren E. , Cardonick Elyce H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWhen treated for childhood cancers, at least 50% of children exposed to platinum agents have permanent hearing loss. We determined the relative risk of childhood hearing loss after in utero exposure to platinum chemotherapy in our registry cohort.MethodAfter exposure to platinum chemotherapy in utero, all children undergo routine newborn hearing screening. This consists of Otoacoustic Emissions. Children who failed this screen were evaluated by audiologists. For those children with hearing loss by Automated Auditory Brainstem Response, prenatal and postnatal treatment details were compared to platinum exposed children without hearing loss.ResultsThree hundred and seven children were exposed to chemotherapy in utero. Four children were diagnosed with hearing loss, all exposed to platinum agents. Chemotherapy exposures included: Cisplatin/Paclitaxel (2), Etoposide/Cisplatin/Bleomycin (1), Carboplatin/Paclitaxel (1) to treat ovarian (2), or cervical cancer (2). Of the 39 platinum exposed without hearing loss: 11 children were exposed to oxaliplatin, 16 were exposed to cisplatin and 12 to carboplatin in utero. Two hundred and sixty four women received non‐platinum based chemotherapy for various cancers during pregnancy. Among these, there were no cases of hearing loss. There was a significant difference in hearing loss based on exposure to platinum agents in utero compared to non‐platinum‐containing chemotherapy regimens, 4/43 versus 0/264, p = 0.0003. There were no statistical differences in prenatal and postnatal treatment details, including: gestational age at diagnosis, at first chemotherapy treatment, at first platinum treatment, at delivery (<32 weeks, <35 weeks, <37 weeks), gender, birthweight, birthweight percentile, rates of intrauterine growth restriction, neonatal complications or use of postnatal antibiotics between the platinum exposed children with and without hearing loss.ConclusionThe only children in the registry exposed to chemotherapy who were diagnosed with hearing loss had been exposed to cisplatin or carboplatin in utero. No hearing loss occurred in children exposed to oxaliplatin, or non‐platinum agents. Due to a concern for cisplatin ototoxicity, carboplatin is the preferred platinum agent for use in pregnancy when equivalent maternal survival can be expected for the particular cancer type. For newborns exposed to platinum agents in utero, newborn screening with an auditory emissions test at birth (OES) may not detect sensorineural hearing loss and auditory brainstem response testing is recommended, regardless of the newborn screening result.
A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the human gingival crevicular fluid proteome and metaproteome
Authors: Xiao Xiaoping , Song Tingting , Xiao Xiaolian , Liu Yaoran , Sun Haidan , Guo Zhengguang , Liu Xiaoyan , Shao Chen , Li Qian , Sun Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an integral part of oral fluid that plays a special role in maintaining the structure of junctional epithelium and defending against bacterial infection. In this study, we comprehensively analysed the composition of the human GCF proteome and metaproteome simultaneously to obtain multidimensional information about GCF. A total of 3680 human proteins (2540 with at least two unique peptides) were identified in the normal GCF sample, and their functions were mainly associated with immune function and inflammation. Among these proteins, 1874 proteins could be quantified by the iBAQ algorithm, and their abundances spanned a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude. For the GCF metaproteome, a total of 3082 proteins and 69 genera were found. In addition, 16 genera were not identified by GCF metagenomic analysis. Compared to the saliva metaproteome, 32 genera were found to be in common. The protein quantitative analysis showed that the abundance of GCF metaproteome contributed to approximately 4.17% of the total GCF proteome. The top three most abundant genera were Fusobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Leptotrichia. The above data will be useful for future research on GCF‐related diseases.
Robotic rectal resection preserves anorectal function: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Grass Julia K. , Chen Chien‐Chih , Melling Nathaniel , Lingala Bharathi , Kemper Marius , Scognamiglio Pasquale , Persiani Roberto , Tirelli Flavio , Caricato Marco , Capolupo Gabriella T. , Izbicki Jakob R. , Perez Daniel R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundImproving survival rates in rectal cancer patients has generated a growing interest in functional outcomes after total mesorectal excision (TME). The well‐established low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score assesses postoperative anorectal impairment after TME. Our meta‐analysis is the first to compare bowel function after open, laparoscopic, transanal, and robotic TME.MethodsAll studies reporting functional outcomes after rectal cancer surgery (LARS score) were included, and were compared with a consecutive series of robotic TME (n = 48).ResultsThirty‐two publications were identified, including 5 565 patients. Anorectal function recovered significantly better within one year after robotic TME (3.8 [95%CI –9.709–17.309]) versus laparoscopic TME (26.4 [95%CI 19.524–33.286]), p = 0.006), open TME (26.0 [95%CI 24.338–29.702], p = 0.002) and transanal TME (27.9 [95%CI 22.127–33.669], p = 0.003).ConclusionsRobotic TME enables better recovery of anorectal function compared to other techniques. Further prospective, high‐quality studies are needed to confirm the benefits of robotic surgery.
The nature of our mistakes, from promise to practice: Water stewardship for sustainable hydropower in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: O'Brien Gordon C. , Mor Christoph , Buhl‐Nielsen Eric , Dickens Christopher W.S. , Olivier Anton‐Louis , Cullis James , Shrestha Padmendra , Pitts Hannah , Baleta Hannah , Rea Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe role of hydropower in the renewable energy mix for Africa's green development is widely recognised and underpinned by respective government and development partner funded initiatives. However, the growing demand for energy must be balanced with considerations for resource protection and benefit sharing of water resource developments with vulnerable human communities. An international conference on water stewardship for sustainable hydropower brought together key stakeholders in Nairobi, Kenya. This paper aims to synthesise the key messages of experts who attended the conference, presents the emerging body of good practice policies, plans and action in developing sustainable hydropower in Sub‐Saharan Africa, and provides recommendations for the way forward. Outcomes of the conference include considerations, planning for sustainable resource development, resource protection considerations, sharing of resource development benefits, and putting the promise into practice. This discussion describes the nature of our planning and management mistakes in the past, presents good practice options and how to implement sustainable hydropower in the future.
Toward natural approaches in restoration: Experiments of co‐evolving physical and biological structures in a self‐organizing step‐pool channel
Authors: Chin Anne , O'Dowd Alison P. , Mendez Patina , Velasco Katrina , Florsheim Joan L. , Laurencio Laura R. , Leventhal Roger D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough the science and practice of river restoration has progressed in recent years toward more natural approaches, few example projects of headwater step‐pool channels exist in the literature. This study examined a restoration design in the headwaters of Wildcat Creek (Berkeley, California, USA) that allowed the creek to form its own stable morphology, instead of utilizing an engineered form. The creation of an experimental reach—where natural flows redistributed randomly placed clasts into step‐pool sequences after construction of an initial plane‐bed channel—afforded opportunity to test hypotheses regarding a co‐evolution of self‐organizing geomorphic and ecological responses over time. During three seasons following the initial restoration, we documented how the streambed self‐organized into step‐pool sequences by constructing plan maps and surveying changes in channel morphology. Concurrently, we sampled benthic macroinvertebrates in step, pool, and intermediate run habitats in the experimental reach and in an upstream reference reach. Results showed how natural flows created a characteristic step‐pool pattern quickly following the second post‐construction storm season. Taxonomic and functional metrics revealed that benthic macroinvertebrate communities assembled at a similarly rapid pace, becoming more distinct and diverse among habitat types as the step‐pool morphology developed. Multivariate ordination revealed that the benthic macroinvertebrate community in the experimental reach became more similar to that in the reference reach over time. Findings suggest a rapid morphologic and ecological co‐organization in the development of a complex stable step‐pool channel, giving promise for natural approaches in future restoration designs of “letting the river do the work,” to the extent afforded by local socioeconomic factors.
Multimodules integrated functional DNA nanomaterials for intelligent drug delivery
Authors: Guo Yunhua , Tang Jianpu , Yao Chi , Yang Dayong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been an emerging building block to construct functional biomaterials. Due to their programmable sequences and rich responsiveness, DNA has attracted rising attention in the construction of intelligent nanomaterials with predicable nanostructure and adjustable functions, which has shown great potential in drug delivery. On the one hand, the DNA sequences with molecule recognition, responsiveness, and therapeutic efficacy can be easily integrated to the framework of DNA nanomaterials by sequence designing; on the other hand, the rich chemical groups on DNA molecules provide binding points for other functional units. In this review, we divided the functionalization modules in the construction of DNA nanomaterials into three types, including targeting modules, responsive modules, and therapeutic modules. Based on these modules, five DNA kinds of representative nanomaterials applied in drug delivery were introduced, including DNA nanogel, DNA origami, DNA framework, DNA nanoflower, and DNA hybrid nanosphere. Finally, we discussed the challenges in the transition of DNA materials to clinical applications. We expect that this review can help readers to obtain a deeper understanding of DNA materials, and further promote the development of these intelligent materials to real world's application.This article is categorized under:
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
A Theoretical Framework: A Human Rights Reading of SOGI Asylum Based on Feminist and Queer Studies
Authors: Danisi Carmelo , Dustin Moira , Ferreira Nuno , Held Nina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince SOGI considerations have started to inform the interpretation and the implementation of the Refugee Convention (Chap.1), a broad range of scholars from different disciplines have explored how questions of sexual orientation and gender identity can be effectively addressed within international, supranational and domestic asylum systems. The debate around aspects of RSD and beyond generated by this theoretical exchange within the same discipline and between different research areas has contributed to the (ongoing) normative movement towards a more inclusive Refugee Convention framework. In an attempt to nurture this continuous debate, we outline the theoretical and analytical frameworks that shape the subsequent analysis. We take advantage of the authors’ diverse experience in different academic fields to apply an interdisciplinary approach, addressing our subject from various perspectives. We start from the recognition that a detailed understanding and application of the Refugee Convention is vital as the floor for addressing SOGI asylum claims, but not in itself sufficient to ensure that these are fairly treated. Section 3.2 therefore looks to human rights to show how interweaving human rights frameworks with refugee law heightens understanding in this field of asylum. To this end, the main body of this chapter develops an approach that addresses the failings from a SOGI asylum perspective of international human rights law (IHRL) and international refugee law (IRL) individually. However, we then argue that, without explicitly recognising the gendered and sexualised nature of SOGI asylum, IHRL is only part of the solution. In Sects. 3.3 and 3.4 below, we claim that feminist and queer theories, and particular threads of debate within these broad disciplines, can help to understand the experiences of SOGI minorities fleeing persecution and, importantly, to explain why, despite improvements to the law and guidance that recognise the right to protection on this basis, there has been insufficient progress on the ground. In this way, combining a human rights-based approach that is largely legal with political and sociological contributions from feminism and queer theories facilitates a more holistic analysis.
The Decision-Making Procedure
Authors: Danisi Carmelo , Dustin Moira , Ferreira Nuno , Held Nina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhereas in Chap. 5 we analysed pre-departure, journey and arrival experiences of SOGI claimants, we now turn our attention to the decision-making procedure. Whether they apply for asylum on arrival or later on, the initial screening is usually followed by a substantive interview. This is the essential moment when SOGI claimants have the opportunity to present their case. If the application is then refused, a judicial process is normally activated to appeal against the initial negative decision.
Theorien zur Entstehung aggressiven Verhaltens
Authors: Sell Madlen 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAmoklauf und School Shooting sind extreme Ausdrucksformen aggressiven Verhaltens. Nachdem beide Begriffe in Kapitel 10.1007/978-3-658-33104-7_3 eingegrenzt und definiert worden sind, befasst sich das folgende Kapitel mit den wichtigsten Erklärungstheorien zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von aggressivem Verhalten.
Vergleichende Diskussion und Perspektiven der Forschung
Authors: Sell Madlen 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, dem Ursprung des Amokphänomens auf den Grund zu gehen, um einerseits einen Beitrag zum Verständnis des klassischen Amoklaufs zu leisten und andererseits zu helfen, School Shootings besser zu verstehen. Im Zentrum stand die Frage, ob School Shooting als schulgebundene Unterform des Amoklaufs betrachtet werden kann oder ob es sich um ein eigenständiges Phänomen handelt.
Inhaltliche Einleitung, Herleitung der zentralen Forschungsfrage und zum logischen Aufbau der Arbeit
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird zunächst der Terminus Technicus „Social Entrepreneur(-ship)“ anhand von Beispielen aus Praxis und Wissenschaft verortet. Hierauf basierend wird das arbeitswissenschaftliche Erkenntnisinteresse für das Forschungsvorhaben benannt und die Relevanz der Forschungsthematik wird verdeutlicht. Aus den Ausführungen wird die übergeordnete Problemstellung als zentrale Leitfrage für die eigene Untersuchung formuliert und abschließend wird ein Überblick zur Logik des inhaltlichen Aufbaus der Arbeit geschaffen.
Fazit und Ausblick
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungZur Beantwortung der zentralen Forschungsfrage konnte ein breites Spektrum an Sinnkonstruktionen von Social Entrepreneuren (SE) in Deutschland aufgezeigt werden: von motivationalen Einstellungen über subjektive Theorien zum Unternehmerischen und zum Sozialen bis hin zu gesellschaftspolitischen Deutungsmustern. Ebenso wurde deutlich, dass eine breit angelegte sozialunternehmerische Kulturlandschaft mit jeweils eigenen Prozessdynamiken und zu bewältigenden Herausforderungen besteht: dies sowohl im Vergleich zwischen SE als auch zwischen Sozialunternehmen sowie zwischen Netzwerkstrukturen. Das Fazit und der Ausblick zur Untersuchung erfolgt dabei in dreierlei Hinsicht: mit einem wissenschaftstheoretischen Fokus, mit einem methodologischen Fokus und mit einem praxisbezogenen Fokus, der (Handlungs-) Empfehlungen beinhaltet. Der damit verbundene gesellschaftliche Nutzen sowie der weitere Forschungsbedarf werden spezifiziert.
Einführung in die Ergebnisdarstellung und -diskussion mit Überblick zum Wirkungsmodell zur Arbeitsgestaltung von Social Entrepreneuren
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Datenauswertung wurde untersucht, welche Kategorien sich aus den Interviews herausarbeiten lassen, die zur Beantwortung der zentralen Forschungsfrage führen, und inwieweit diese Kategorien in einer Systematik dargestellt werden können. Zur Beantwortung der zentralen Forschungsfrage konnten u. a. deutlich über 1.000 unterschiedliche Kodes nach der Reflexiven Grounded Theory herausgearbeitet und systematisch kategorisiert werden. Aus den dabei entwickelten Kategorien und der Art und Weise, wie die Kategorien zueinander in Verbindung stehen, setzt sich das in diesem Kapitel hergeleitete Wirkungsmodell zur Arbeitsgestaltung von Social Entrepreneuren (SE) zusammen, das alle Kategorien einbezieht und zu einem übergeordneten Ganzen vereint. Dieses Kapitel dient dazu, einen allgemeinen, einführenden Überblick zu dem Wirkungsmodell im Sinne einer Verständnisbasis zu schaffen.
Unterstützungsorganisationen für Social-Entrepreneurship-Organisationen (SEO)
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAus den Äußerungen der Befragten über SEO-Unterstützungsorganisationen (SEO-U) lassen sich folgende Unterkategorien herausarbeiten, die in diesem Kapitel in dieser Reihenfolge dargestellt und diskutiert werden: Wirkung von SEO-U auf die Politik; Restriktionen der Ressourcenverteilung durch Wohlfahrtsverbände; Beratungsbedarfe und Beratungsbereitschaft; Spektrum und Verfügbarkeit von Beratungsangeboten; Stellenwert von Auszeichnungen als Zugangsmöglichkeit zu Unterstützungsangeboten; Zugang zu Unterstützungsangeboten für Nicht-Studierende und Nicht-Akademiker; Zugang zu Unterstützungsangeboten für SE im Rentenalter; Zugang zu Unterstützungsangeboten für SE aus den neuen Bundesländern und aus strukturschwachen Regionen; inhaltliche Zielsetzung der SEO als Zugangsbedingung zu Unterstützungsangeboten; Hochskalierbarkeit und Innovation als Zugangsbedingungen zu Unterstützungsangeboten; Beraterkompetenz in SEO-U inkl. Beratungswirkung; Arbeitsbedingungen und Managementprozessmängel bei SEO-U. Schilderungen der Interviewpartner zu generierten Kodes werden zur Illustration eingearbeitet. Die Erkenntnisse werden im internationalen Forschungskontext gespiegelt und in der Forschungslandschaft verortet. Kapitelabschließend wird die Bedeutung der Erkenntnisse für das Wirkungsmodell zur Arbeitsgestaltung aufgezeigt.