bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good death and bereavement in a lung cancer patient following meaning-centered couples psychotherapy by a cancer nursing specialist
Authors: Hayashi Eriko , Onishi Hideki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere are many terminally ill cancer patients who are struggling with the meaning of life, but it cannot be said that their concerns are being adequately addressed.MethodFrom a series of cancer patients undergoing end-of-life care, the case of a patient, who developed incurable lung cancer and, together with his wife, lost the meaning of life and underwent meaning-centered couples psychotherapy once every two weeks to have them consider the meaning of life together, is presented.ResultsThe patient was a 70-year-old man who had been diagnosed with lung cancer and pleural dissemination 14 months earlier. The meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) sessions were conducted with the patient and his 70-year-old wife by a cancer nursing specialist who had received extensive training in MCP and had also received 7-year on-going supervision from a Japanese MCP-enlightened psychologist. At the same time, palliative treatment of physical distress was performed. The patient was able to discover the meaning of life as a result of MCP performed by a cancer nursing specialist for him and his spouse who had lost any notion of the meaning of life after being informed that he had terminal cancer at the time of the initial diagnosis.Significance of resultsMeaning-centered psychotherapy provided to terminal cancer patients by cancer nurses can help patients and their families express their gratitude, thereby achieving a good death for the bereaved family. Nurses are likely to increasingly perform MCP in the future.
The redirection of attacks by defending forces
Authors: van Benthem Tsvetelina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the redirection of incoming missiles when employed by defending forces to whom obligations to take precautions against the effects of attacks apply. The analysis proceeds in four steps. In the first step, the possibility of redirection is examined from an empirical standpoint. Step two defines the contours of the obligation to take precautions against the effects of attacks. Step three considers one variant of redirection, where a missile is redirected back towards the adversary. It is argued that such acts of redirection would fulfil the definition of attack under the law of armed conflict, and that prima facie conflicts of obligations could be avoided through interpretation of the feasibility standard embedded in the obligation to take precautions against the effects of attacks. Finally, step four analyzes acts of redirection against persons under the control of the redirecting State. Analyzing this scenario calls for an inquiry into the relationship between the relevant obligations under international humanitarian law and human rights law.
Automating occupation: International humanitarian and human rights law implications of the deployment of facial recognition technologies in the occupied Palestinian territory
Authors: Talbot Rohan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn 2019, media investigations revealed that Israel had added facial recognition technologies (FRTs) to the panoply of security and surveillance technologies deployed in its administration and control of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). Despite growing academic and judicial scrutiny of the legal implications of these technologies for privacy and freedom of assembly in domestic contexts, scant attention has been paid to their uses by militaries in contexts where international humanitarian law (IHL) applies. This article seeks to establish the international legal framework governing an Occupying Power's deployment of FRTs, particularly in surveillance, and apply it to Israel's uses in the oPt. It is demonstrated that IHL provides flexible, but incomplete, provisions for balancing an Occupying Power's right to employ surveillance technologies within its measures of control and security against the imprecisely defined humanitarian interests of the population under occupation. The relevant legal framework is completed through the concurrent application of an Occupying Power's international human rights law (IHRL) obligations. What is known of Israel's use of FRTs in surveillance appears prima facie not to satisfy the cumulative IHRL criteria for limitations on the right to privacy – legality, legitimate aims, necessity and proportionality – even where these are broadened by reference to IHL. Consideration is also paid to corollary human rights impacts of these technologies, and the potential that they may entrench an Occupying Power's control while simultaneously rendering this control more invisible, remote and less reliant on the physical presence of troops.
Pflegeprozess und Pflegediagnostik
Authors: von dem Berge Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Es ist Konsens, dass professionelle Pflege nach dem Pflegeprozess gestaltet werden soll. Dennoch zeigen sich in der Praxis Probleme in der adäquaten Anwendung des Pflegeprozesses, insbesondere bei der Erstellung von Pflegediagnosen. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Die Bedeutung des Pflegeprozesses als Kern des eigenständigen Verantwortungsbereichs der Pflege wird im neuen (PflBG) gesetzlich verortet. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Der fachlich korrekten Umsetzung muss ein höheres Maß an Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden, insbesondere mit der Hilfe von Klassifikationssystemen und in EDV-gestützten Dokumentationssystemen.
Impact of Thermospheric Wind Data Assimilation on Ionospheric Electrodynamics Using a Coupled Whole Atmosphere Data Assimilation System
Authors: Hsu C.‐T. , Pedatella N. M. , Anderson J. L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe upward plasma drift and equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the Earth's ionosphere are strongly influenced by the zonal electric field, which is generated by the wind dynamo. Specification and forecasting of thermospheric winds thus plays an important role in ionospheric weather prediction. In this study, we assess the impact of assimilating thermospheric wind observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument on NASA's Ionospheric CONnection (ICON) explorer satellite on the ionospheric electrodynamics. Empirical localization functions (ELFs) of ICON/MIGHTI zonal and meridional winds are also computed and applied to our data assimilation experiments, enabling improved assimilation of the ICON/MIGHTI wind observations. A set of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCMX) with data assimilation provided by the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. The results show that assimilating the ICON/MIGHTI wind observations with the ELF improves the zonal and meridional wind root mean square error (RMSE) by 16%–18% and 7%–10%, respectively. The improved wind specification further improves the low‐latitude E × B vertical drift RMSE by about 18%. The response of electron densities is slower, and the overall impact is smaller. The improvement of the ionosphere F‐region maximum electron density (NmF2) between ±45° is about 8% after 18 days of data assimilation.
Assessment of Updated Fuel‐Based Emissions Inventories Over the Contiguous United States Using TROPOMI NO2 Retrievals
Authors: Li M. , McDonald B. C. , McKeen S. A. , Eskes H. , Levelt P. , Francoeur C. , Harkins C. , He J. , Barth M. , Henze D. K. , Bela M. M. , Trainer M. , de Gouw J. A. , Frost G. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNitrogen oxides (NOx) are air pollutants critical to ozone and fine particle production in the troposphere. Here, we present fuel‐based emission inventories updated to 2018, including for mobile source engines using the Fuel‐based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions (FIVEs) and oil and gas production using the Fuel‐based Oil and Gas (FOG) inventory. The updated FIVE emissions are now consistent with the NEI17 estimates differing within 2% across the contiguous US (CONUS). Tropospheric NO2 columns modeled by the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model (WRF‐Chem) are compared with those observed by TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) during the summer of 2018. Modeled NO2 columns show strong temporal and spatial correlations with TROPOMI (OMI), identified with biases of −3% (−21%) over CONUS, and +8% (−6%) over point sources plus urban regions. Taking account of the negative bias (∼20%) in early version of TROPOMI over polluted regions, WRF‐Chem shows good performance with updated FIVE and FOG emissions. Our model tends to under‐predict the tropospheric NO2 columns over background and rural regions (bias of −21% to −3%). Through model sensitivity analyses, we demonstrate the important roles of emissions from soils (11.7% average over CONUS), oil and gas production (4.1%), wildfires (10.6%), and lightning (2.3%) with greater contributions at regional scales. This work provides a roadmap for satellite‐based evaluations for emission updates from various sources.
Whole genome sequencing and in vitro splice assays reveal genetic causes for inherited retinal diseases
Authors: Fadaie Zeinab , Whelan Laura , Ben-Yosef Tamar , Dockery Adrian , Corradi Zelia , Gilissen Christian , Haer-Wigman Lonneke , Corominas Jordi , Astuti Galuh D. N. , de Rooij Laura , van den Born L. Ingeborgh , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Hoyng Carel B. , Wynne Niamh , Duignan Emma S. , Kenna Paul F. , Cremers Frans P. M. , Farrar G. Jane , Roosing Susanne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a major cause of visual impairment. These clinically heterogeneous disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in more than 270 genes. As 30–40% of cases remain genetically unexplained following conventional genetic testing, we aimed to obtain a genetic diagnosis in an IRD cohort in which the genetic cause was not found using whole-exome sequencing or targeted capture sequencing. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify causative variants in 100 unresolved cases. After initial prioritization, we performed an in-depth interrogation of all noncoding and structural variants in genes when one candidate variant was detected. In addition, functional analysis of putative splice-altering variants was performed using in vitro splice assays. We identified the genetic cause of the disease in 24 patients. Causative coding variants were observed in genes such as ATXN7, CEP78, EYS, FAM161A, and HGSNAT. Gene disrupting structural variants were also detected in ATXN7, PRPF31, and RPGRIP1. In 14 monoallelic cases, we prioritized candidate noncanonical splice sites or deep-intronic variants that were predicted to disrupt the splicing process based on in silico analyses. Of these, seven cases were resolved as they carried pathogenic splice defects. WGS is a powerful tool to identify causative variants residing outside coding regions or heterozygous structural variants. This approach was most efficient in cases with a distinct clinical diagnosis. In addition, in vitro splice assays provide important evidence of the pathogenicity of rare variants.
Field-induced metal-to-insulator transition and colossal anisotropic magnetoresistance in a nearly Dirac material EuMnSb2
Authors: Sun Z. L. , Wang A. F. , Mu H. M. , Wang H. H. , Wang Z. F. , Wu T. , Wang Z. Y. , Zhou X. Y. , Chen X. H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRealizing applicably appreciated spintronic functionalities basing on the coupling between charge and spin degrees of freedom is still a challenge. For example, the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect can be utilized to read out the information stored in magnetic structures. However, the application of AMR in antiferromagnet-based spintronics is usually hindered by the small AMR value. Here, we discover a colossal AMR with its value reaching 1.84 × 106% at 2 K, which stems from the field-induced metal-to-insulator transition (MIT), in a nearly Dirac material EuMnSb2. Density functional theory calculations identify a Dirac-like band around the Y point that depends strongly on the spin–orbit coupling and dominates the electrical transport. The indirect band gap at the Fermi level evolves with magnetic structure of Eu2+ moments, consequently giving rise to the field-induced MIT and the colossal AMR. Our results suggest that the antiferromagnetic topological materials can serve as a fertile ground for spintronics applications.
Development of COVID-19 vaccine using a dual Toll-like receptor ligand liposome adjuvant
Authors: Abhyankar Mayuresh M. , Mann Barbara J. , Sturek Jeffrey M. , Brovero Savannah , Moreau G. Brett , Sengar Anjali , Richardson Crystal M. , Agah Sayeh , Pomés Anna , Kasson Peter M. , Tomai Mark A. , Fox Christopher B. , Petri William A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe developed a SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit vaccine formulation containing dual TLR ligand liposome adjuvant. The vaccine-induced robust systemic neutralizing antibodies and completely protected mice from a lethal challenge. Two immunizations protected against lung injury and cleared the virus from lungs upon challenge. The adjuvanted vaccine also elicited systemic and local anti-Spike IgA which can be an important feature for a COVID-19 vaccine.
Modelling of supply and demand-side determinants of liquefied petroleum gas consumption in peri-urban Cameroon, Ghana and Kenya
Authors: Shupler Matthew , Mangeni Judith , Tawiah Theresa , Sang Edna , Baame Miranda , Anderson de Cuevas Rachel , Nix Emily , Betang Emmanuel , Saah Jason , Twumasi Mieks , Amenga-Etego Seeba , Quansah Reginald , Puzzolo Elisa , Mbatchou Bertrand , Asante Kwaku Poku , Menya Diana , Pope Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHousehold transitions to cleaner cooking fuels (for example, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)) have historically been studied from a demand perspective, with clean energy usage expected to increase with improvements in household socio-economic status. Although recent studies demonstrate the importance of supply-side determinants in increasing clean cooking, few large-scale studies have assessed their importance quantitatively, relative to demand-related factors. Here, as part of the CLEAN-Air(Africa) study, we examine a population-based survey (n = 5,638) of cooking practices in peri-urban communities within Cameroon, Kenya and Ghana. Multilevel logistic and log-linear regression assessed the demand and supply-side determinants of LPG usage (primary versus secondary fuel) and consumption (kilograms per capita per year), respectively. Supply-side factors (for example, cylinder refill and transportation costs) and the use of single versus multiburner stoves were better predictors than household socio-economic status for both the probability of primarily cooking with LPG and the annual LPG consumption. These results highlight the need for policies that promote LPG supply and stove equipment to meet household needs.
Ultra-fast germanium photodiode with 3-dB bandwidth of 265 GHz
Authors: Lischke S. , Peczek A. , Morgan J. S. , Sun K. , Steckler D. , Yamamoto Y. , Korndörfer F. , Mai C. , Marschmeyer S. , Fraschke M. , Krüger A. , Beling A. , Zimmermann L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOn a scalable silicon technology platform, we demonstrate photodetectors matching or even surpassing state-of-the-art III–V devices. As key components in high-speed optoelectronics, photodetectors with bandwidths greater than 100 GHz have been a topic of intense research for several decades. Solely InP-based detectors could satisfy the highest performance specifications. Devices based on other materials, such as germanium-on-silicon devices, used to lag behind in speed, but enabled complex photonic integrated circuits and co-integration with silicon electronics. Here we demonstrate waveguide-coupled germanium photodiodes with optoelectrical 3-dB bandwidths of 265 GHz and 240 GHz at a photocurrent of 1 mA. This outstanding performance is achieved by a novel device concept in which a germanium fin is sandwiched between complementary in situ-doped silicon layers. Our photodetectors show internal responsivities of 0.3 A W−1 (265 GHz) and 0.45 A W−1 (240 GHz) at a wavelength of 1,550 nm. The internal bandwidth–efficiency product of the latter device is 86 GHz. Low dark currents of 100–200 nA are obtained from these ultra-fast photodetectors.
Genome surveillance by HUSH-mediated silencing of intronless mobile elements
Authors: Seczynska Marta , Bloor Stuart , Cuesta Sergio Martinez , Lehner Paul J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAll life forms defend their genome against DNA invasion. Eukaryotic cells recognize incoming DNA and limit its transcription through repressive chromatin modifications. The human silencing hub (HUSH) complex transcriptionally represses long interspersed element-1 retrotransposons (L1s) and retroviruses through histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3)1–3. How HUSH recognizes and initiates silencing of these invading genetic elements is unknown. Here we show that HUSH is able to recognize and transcriptionally repress a broad range of long, intronless transgenes. Intron insertion into HUSH-repressed transgenes counteracts repression, even in the absence of intron splicing. HUSH binds transcripts from the target locus, prior to and independent of H3K9me3 deposition, and target transcription is essential for both initiation and propagation of HUSH-mediated H3K9me3. Genomic data reveal how HUSH binds and represses a subset of endogenous intronless genes generated through retrotransposition of cellular mRNAs. Thus intronless cDNA—the hallmark of reverse transcription—provides a versatile way to distinguish invading retroelements from host genes and enables HUSH to protect the genome from ‘non-self’ DNA, despite there being no previous exposure to the invading element. Our findings reveal the existence of a transcription-dependent genome-surveillance system and explain how it provides immediate protection against newly acquired elements while avoiding inappropriate repression of host genes.
The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America
Authors: de Souza Geovane Alves , Soares Marina Bento , Weinschütz Luiz Carlos , Wilner Everton , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , de Araújo Olga Maria Oliveira , Kellner Alexander Wilhelm Armin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recognition of ontogenetic edentulism in the Jurassic noasaurid Limusaurus inextricabilis shed new light on the dietary diversity within Ceratosauria, a stem lineage of non-avian theropod dinosaurs known for peculiar craniomandibular adaptations. Until now, edentulism in Ceratosauria was exclusive to adult individuals of Limusaurus. Here, an exceptionally complete skeleton of a new toothless ceratosaur, Berthasaura leopoldinae gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Cretaceous aeolian sandstones of the Bauru Basin, Southern Brazil. The specimen resembles adult individuals of Limusaurus by the absence of teeth but based on the unfused condition of several elements (e.g., skull, vertebral column) it clearly represents an ontogenetically immature individual, indicating that it might never have had teeth. The phylogenetic analysis performed here has nested Berthasaura leopoldinae as an early-divergent Noasauridae, not closely related to Limusaurus. It represents the most complete non-avian theropod from the Brazilian Cretaceous and preserves the most complete noasaurid axial series known so far. Moreover, the new taxon exhibits many novel osteological features, uncommon in non-avian theropods, and unprecedented even among South American ceratosaurs. These include not only toothless jaws but also a premaxilla with cutting occlusal edge, and a slightly downturned rostral tip. This indicate that B. leopoldinae unlikely had the same diet as other ceratosaurs, most being regarded as carnivorous. As the ontogenetically more mature specimens of Limusaurus, Berthasaura might have been herbivorous or at least omnivorous, corroborating with an early evolutionary divergence of noasaurids from the ceratosaurian bauplan by disparate feeding modes.
Evaluation of airborne total suspended particulates and heavy metals in anodizing and electroplating surface treatment process
Authors: Kim Donghyeon , Jung Sungyo , Yoon Chungsik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study is to evaluate exposure to harmful substances, such as particulate and heavy metals, by considering various factors, in anodizing and electroplating surface treatment process. Exposure evaluation studies on seven heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Al, and Ba) and total suspended particulates (TSP) were conducted. Heavy metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This study also checked the ventilation volume of the hood with a thermal anemometer. Measurement was conducted for 8 h and 8 days. The sample number, N, of the heavy metals and TSP was 107. Geometric mean (GM) of TSP during Cr plating process was 6.15(GSD, 3.35) mg/m3. GM of Cr during Cr plating was 1.86(GSD, 6.65) mg/m3. GM of TSP and heavy metals differences were statistically significant for each process and date variation. Average ventilation volume for all hoods ranged from 1.20 to 4.98 m3/s. In the hood 30 cm from bath, ventilation was 0.1 times lower. Increasing ventilation volume of the hood was the most influential factor, followed by machine operation time and workload. The high concentration was due to low ventilation suction flow. We can improve health to reduce exposure by resolving the fundamental cause of risk occurrence.
Role of FRG1 in predicting the overall survivability in cancers using multivariate based optimal model
Authors: Khan Rehan , Palo Ananya , Dixit Manjusha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFRG1 has a role in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Our preliminary analysis showed that FRG1 mRNA expression is associated with overall survival (OS) in certain cancers, but the effect varies. In cervix and gastric cancers, we found a clear difference in the OS between the low and high FRG1 mRNA expression groups, but the difference was not prominent in breast, lung, and liver cancers. We hypothesized that FRG1 expression level could affect the functionality of the correlated genes or vice versa, which might mask the effect of a single gene on the OS analysis in cancer patients. We used the multivariate Cox regression, risk score, and Kaplan Meier analyses to determine OS in a multigene model. STRING, Cytoscape, HIPPIE, Gene Ontology, and DAVID (KEGG) were used to deduce FRG1 associated pathways. In breast, lung, and liver cancers, we found a distinct difference in the OS between the low and high FRG1 mRNA expression groups in the multigene model, suggesting an independent role of FRG1 in survival. Risk scores were calculated based upon regression coefficients in the multigene model. Low and high-risk score groups showed a significant difference in the FRG1 mRNA expression level and OS. HPF1, RPL34, and EXOSC9 were the most common genes present in FRG1 associated pathways across the cancer types. Validation of the effect of FRG1 mRNA expression level on these genes by qRT-PCR supports that FRG1 might be an upstream regulator of their expression. These genes may have multiple regulators, which also affect their expression, leading to the masking effect in the survival analysis. In conclusion, our study highlights the role of FRG1 in the survivability of cancer patients in tissue-specific manner and the use of multigene models in prognosis.