bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐ and second‐hand alcohol‐related harms among urban Chinese: A population‐based study from Hong Kong
Authors: Yu Jiazhou , Sumerlin Timothy S. , Goggins William B. , Dong Dong , Chung Roger Yat‐Nork , Kim Jean H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol consumption has been steadily increasing in East Asia, however, there is comparatively little regional data of alcohol‐related harms. This study examines the alcohol‐related harms prevalence and risk factors in Hong Kong, a high population density city with limited alcohol regulation.MethodsA cross‐sectional telephone survey was conducted in 2019 on Chinese adults aged 18–74 (n = 3200). Respondents were asked about various past‐year first‐hand drinking harms (after one's own drinking), second‐hand harms (harms from other people's drinking) and views of neighbourhood alcohol outlet regulation.ResultsOf drinkers, 21.1% reported first‐hand alcohol harms, with physical/mental health harms (15.7%) most commonly reported. Younger‐aged drinkers (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] 2.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63, 4.48) and heavy drinkers (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.55, 3.55) were more likely to report first‐hand harms. Of the sample, 18.2% experienced past‐year second‐hand harms, with public harms (12.9%) most commonly reported. Young age (AOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.43, 2.49), higher education (AOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13, 1.83), past‐year binge drinking (AOR 4.29, 95% CI 3.04, 6.05) and communal living (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.13, 3.75) predicted greater likelihood of second‐hand alcohol harms. Higher neighbourhood alcohol outlet density was not associated with any first‐hand harms and only significantly predicted being inconvenienced by drinkers. Although victims of second‐hand alcohol harms were more supportive of regulating outlet density, 93.3% of respondents were opposed to such policies.Discussion and ConclusionsAlthough high levels of alcohol‐related harms were not reported by Hong Kong adults, regulations should target young drinkers and binge drinkers who are most likely to experience drinking‐related harms.
Efficacy and safety of second photodynamic therapy for local failure after salvage photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Yamashita Hiroki , Kadota Tomohiro , Minamide Tatsunori , Sunakawa Hironori , Sato Daiki , Takashima Kenji , Nakajo Keiichiro , Murano Tatsuro , Shinmura Kensuke , Yoda Yusuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Yano Tomonori 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an optional salvage treatment for local failure of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after chemoradiotherapy; however, local failure after PDT sometimes occurs. In such cases, second PDT is sometimes attempted, but its outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of second PDT.MethodsWe enrolled patients who underwent PDT for local failure of ESCC after chemoradiotherapy. We retrospectively evaluated local‐complete response (L‐CR) rate and clinical outcomes of first and second PDT. The indications for PDT were lesions within the muscle layer, <3 cm in size, and <3/4 of the esophageal circumference; not suitable for salvage surgery; and absence of metastasis. Second PDT was avoided when lesions were apparently refractory to first PDT, e.g. persistence of submucosal tumor‐like protruded component or rapid regrowth of tumor at the ulceration after first PDT. L‐CR was defined as endoscopic disappearance of tumor and post‐PDT ulcer and absence of cancer cells histologically.ResultsAmong 82 patients who underwent first PDT, 27 underwent second PDT. The L‐CR rates with first and second PDT were 63.0% and 40.7%, respectively. The 2‐year overall survival rates after second PDT in patients with L‐CR and local‐nonCR were 79.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Five of 11 patients with L‐CR survived without any recurrence. No grade ≥3 adverse events occurred.ConclusionsSecond PDT demonstrated excellent safety and acceptable efficacy; therefore, it could be a useful treatment for local failure after first PDT.
Long‐term outcomes of endoscopic balloon dilation for intestinal strictures in patients with Crohn's disease during maintenance treatment with anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies
Authors: Takeda Teruyuki , Kishi Masahiro , Takatsu Noritaka , Takada Yasumichi , Beppu Tsuyoshi , Miyaoka Masaki , Hisabe Takashi , Ueki Toshiharu , Arima Hisatomi , Hirai Fumihito , Yao Kenshi 
Published: June 2021

Background and aimsEfficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) for intestinal strictures in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) receiving anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies (anti‐TNF) as maintenance therapy is unclear. We investigated the long‐term efficacy and safety of EBD for intestinal strictures in patients with CD receiving anti‐TNF.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients with CD who received anti‐TNF as maintenance therapy from 2008 to 2017, underwent EBD, and were followed up for ≥6 months. The primary endpoint was the cumulative surgery‐free rate. The main secondary endpoints were technical success, repeat EBD rate, risk factors affecting surgical outcomes, and safety.ResultsSeventy‐two patients with CD were assessed. The median observation period after EBD was 50 months. The technical success rate was 67%. The 3‐ and 5‐year cumulative surgery‐free rates were 81.1% and 73.5%, respectively. The repeat EBD rate was 74%. Multivariable analyses showed that risk factors affecting surgical outcomes were age at disease onset ≤16 years (hazard ratio 3.69; 95% confidence interval 1.36–10.01; P = 0.011). Serious complications requiring surgery developed in three patients.ConclusionsEndoscopic balloon dilation was an effective and safe short‐term treatment and a useful long‐term treatment for CD patients with intestinal strictures receiving anti‐TNF as maintenance therapy.
Colchicine use might be associated with lower mortality in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Elshafei Mohamed Nabil , El‐Bardissy Ahmed , Khalil Ahmed , Danjuma Mohammed , Mubasher Mahmood , Abubeker Ibrahim Y. , Mohamed Mouhand F. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundColchicine was recently repurposed for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This rapid review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess colchicine's impact on mortality outcomes in COVID‐19 patients.Materials and MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar since their inception till 25/03/2021 for observational or controlled studies that reported mortality as an outcome. The mortality odd ratios were generated with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals utilizing the random‐effects model.ResultsNine studies comprising 5522 patients met our inclusion criteria. Our meta‐analysis revealed significantly lower mortality in the colchicine group (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.25‐0.48, I2 0%) compared with controls. A subgroup analysis limited to hospitalized patients (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.25‐0.50, I2 0%) revealed similarly lower mortality in the colchicine group.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests a mortality benefit with colchicine when used in the treatment of COVID‐19 patients. The majority of included studies were observational; thus, the findings of this review need to be further supported by the results of ongoing trials.
Knowledge, awareness and perception amongst dental practitioners towards natural tooth fragment reattachment procedures in clinical practice—A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Gunwal Mohit K , Bagda Kamal , Gupta Shreya , Oak Anjali Mairal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/AimReattachment of a tooth fragment is a viable alternative to restore a fractured tooth. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception of dental practitioners towards tooth fragment reattachment procedures.Material and MethodsThe cross‐sectional study was conducted during 2019 and comprised dental practitioners working as general dentists or dental specialists. The subjects were asked to fill out a self‐administered questionnaire. Questions related to knowledge and practice regarding fragment reattachment procedures were asked, and the responses were recorded. SPSS version 20.0 and the chi‐square test were selected as the statistical tools for data analysis with significance level established at p < .05.ResultsEight hundred and fifty‐seven subjects participated in the study. Of them, 404 (47%) were general dentists and 453 (53%) were specialist dentists. Out of the 857 subjects, 231 (27%) had clinical experience of less than 5 years, 268 (31.3%) between 5 and 10 years, 190 (22%) between 10 and 20 years and 168 (19.6%) had experience of over 20 years. Of the 857 subjects, 673 (78.5%) had some knowledge about the reattachment procedure and 292 (34.1%) had performed reattachment in clinical practice. The most common storage medium used for the fractured fragment was saline. The bonding material used for reattachment was lightcured composite resin. A subsequent fracture of the reattached fragment was encountered by more than 62% of the subjects.ConclusionsLack of availability of the fragment and lack of clinical training were the major reasons for clinicians not performing the procedure routinely. The attachment procedure was most often performed by both general dentists and specialist dentists with 5–10 years of clinical experience. Furthermore, the majority of the participants did not have any familiarity with the concept of biological restorations. Cross contamination was a major clinical concern for the limited clinical application of biological restorations.
Geographic variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in Pacific field crickets
Authors: Kota Mounica V. , Heinen‐Kay Justa L. , Zuk Marlene 
Published: June 2021

1. Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) serve a role in both desiccation resistance and sexual attractiveness. These two functions are thought to be maximised by different CHC compositions, which should lead to local adaptation between populations experiencing different natural and sexual selection pressures.2. The Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) is distributed throughout Oceania, including the Hawaiian and Cook Islands. In Hawaii, these crickets face strong natural selection from a parasitoid fly that has promoted the evolution of a novel male reproductive morph, dramatically altering sexual selection in the Hawaiian populations. The parasitoid and male polymorphism do not occur in the Cook Islands.3. We captured male and female T. oceanicus on two Hawaiian Islands and three Cook Islands, and quantified their CHCs. We also measured temperature and RH at our collection sites to test for associations with cricket CHC profiles.4. We discovered significant sexual dimorphism in CHC profiles, as well as differences between both island chains and particular islands. The two male reproductive morphs in Hawaii showed distinct CHC expression. There were no associations between weather variables and CHC profiles.5. Observed differences in T. oceanicus CHC profiles appear to reflect geographic isolation rather than selection in response to local and environmental and social conditions.
First report of Pseudomonas amygdali causing bacterial leaf spot of Mallotus japonicus in South Korea
Authors: Yun Hye Young , Kim Hongsup 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2014, bacterial leaf spots were observed in Mallotus japonicus on the Halla Mountain in Jeju Island, South Korea. The infected leaves showed leaf spot symptoms, that is discoloured circular or irregular leaf spots developing away from the leaf edge, rarely limited by veins. The causal pathogen was isolated from the diseased lesions and identified as Pseudomonas amygdali based on LOPAT tests and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD gene sequences. The pathogenicity tests conducted on potted 2‐year‐old M. japonicus seedlings confirmed Koch's postulates and revealed that P. amygdali was the causal agent of the leaf spots in this host. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. amygdali causing bacterial leaf spots on M. japonicus in South Korea.
Planned missing data designs and methods: Options for strengthening inference, increasing research efficiency and improving animal welfare in ecological and evolutionary research
Authors: Noble Daniel W. A. , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEcological and evolutionary research questions are increasingly requiring the integration of research fields along with larger data sets to address fundamental local‐ and global‐scale problems. Unfortunately, these agendas are often in conflict with limited funding and a need to balance animal welfare concerns. Planned missing data design (PMDD), where data are randomly and deliberately missed during data collection, combined with missing data procedures, can be useful tools when working under greater research constraints. Here, we review how PMDD can be incorporated into existing experimental designs by discussing alternative design approaches and demonstrate with simulated data sets how missing data procedures work with incomplete data. PMDDs can provide researchers with a unique toolkit that can be applied during the experimental design stage. Planning and thinking about missing data early can (1) reduce research costs by allowing for the collection of less expensive measurement variables; (2) provide opportunities to distinguish predictions from alternative hypotheses by allowing more measurement variables to be collected; and (3) minimize distress caused by experimentation by reducing the reliance on invasive procedures or allowing data to be collected on fewer subjects (or less often on a given subject). PMDDs and missing data methods can even provide statistical benefits under certain situations by improving statistical power relative to a complete case design. The impacts of unplanned missing data, which can cause biases in parameter estimates and their uncertainty, can also be ameliorated using missing data procedures. PMDDs are still in their infancy. We discuss some of the difficulties in their implementation and provide tentative solutions. While PMDDs may not always be the best option, missing data procedures are becoming more sophisticated and more easily implemented and it is likely that PMDDs will be effective tools for a wide range of experimental designs, data types and problems in ecology and evolution.
Hatch timing of two subarctic salmonids in a stream network estimated by otolith increments
Authors: Fitzgerald Kevin A. , Haworth Matt R. , Bestgen Kevin R. , Farrell Collin J. , Utsumi Shunsuke , Kishida Osamu , Uno Hiromi , Kanno Yoichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHatch timing in autumn‐spawning stream salmonids is poorly understood in the subarctic region because snow cover prevents direct sampling of cryptic early life stages. Otolith micro‐increment analysis was used to infer hatch dates of white‐spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas) and masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort) in a mainstem‐tributary network in northern Japan. Accuracy and precision were validated by ageing hatchery individuals with known hatch date ranges. In July 2018, 93 wild young‐of‐the‐year white‐spotted charr and 81 masu salmon were collected and aged. Masu salmon hatched, on average, 24 days earlier (mean = February 8) than white‐spotted charr (March 4), and hatch dates spanned a minimum of 2 months for each species. In masu salmon, hatch dates of individuals collected in the mainstem were nearly 3 weeks earlier than those in a tributary. This study provided knowledge on intra‐ and inter‐specific variation in hatch timing of native salmonids in a subarctic stream network.
Emergent global biogeography of marine fish food webs
Authors: van Denderen P. Daniël , Petrik Colleen M. , Stock Charles A. , Andersen Ken H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding how fish food webs emerge from planktonic and benthic energy pathways that sustain them is an important challenge for predicting fisheries production under climate change and quantifying the role of fish in carbon and nutrient cycling. We examine if a trait‐based fish community model using the fish traits of maximum body weight and vertical habitat strategy can meet this challenge by globally representing fish food web diversity.LocationGlobal oceans.Time periodPredictions are representative of the early 1990s.Major taxa studiedMarine teleost fish.MethodsWe present a size‐ and trait‐based fish community model that explicitly resolves the dependence of fish on pelagic and benthic energy pathways to globally predict fish food web biogeography. The emergent food web structures are compared with regionally calibrated models in three different ecosystem types and used to estimate two fish ecosystem functions: potential fisheries production and benthic–pelagic coupling.ResultsVariations in pelagic–benthic energy pathways and seafloor depth drive the emergent biogeography of fish food webs from shelf systems to the open ocean, and across the global ocean. Most shelf regions have high benthic production, which favours demersal fish that feed on pelagic and benthic pathways. Continental slopes also show a coupling of benthic and pelagic pathways, sustained through vertically migrating and interacting mesopelagic and deep‐sea demersal fish. Open ocean fish communities are primarily structured around the pelagic pathway. Global model results compare favourably with data‐driven regional food web models, suggesting that maximum weight and vertical behaviour can capture large‐scale variations in food web structure.Main conclusionsMechanistically linking ocean productivity with upper trophic levels using a size‐ and trait‐based fish community model results in spatial variations in food web structure. Energy pathways vary with ocean productivity and seabed depth, thereby shaping the dominant traits and fish communities across ocean biomes.
The geopolitics of energy system transformation: A review
Authors: Blondeel Mathieu , Bradshaw Michael J. , Bridge Gavin , Kuzemko Caroline 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2009, Geography Compass published a paper on ‘The Geopolitics of Global Energy Security’ that reviewed research on the key geographical factors influencing the secure and affordable supply of energy resources. Now, just over a decade later, the energy landscape is undergoing a dramatic transformation, and the focus is no longer on fossil fuel scarcity. Rather, this is an age of fossil fuel abundance and the emphasis is on the need to decarbonise the global energy system, constrain the production of fossil fuels and accelerate the deployment of low‐carbon energy technologies. We conceive energy system transformation as a twofold process: a set of ‘high‐carbon’ energy transitions related to phasing out fossil fuel consumption, ‘low‐carbon’ energy transitions related to the emergence of new renewable energy and other low‐carbon technologies. This paper reviews the past decade's research that examines the nature and pace of energy system transformation, as well as that which identifies a range of geopolitical challenges associated with these two transitions. The paper concludes by advocating for a ‘whole systems’ approach to energy geopolitics that captures the critical interactions between the two transitions in a global framework.
‘I'm Not Even Bothered if they Think, is that Autism?’: An Exploratory Study Assessing Autism Training Needs for Prison Officers in the Scottish Prison Service
Authors: SLOKAN FRANK , IOANNOU MARIA 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that autistic individuals can experience increased distress in prison, leading to significant disruption in the prison regime and difficulties in rehabilitation (Allely 2015; Allen et al. 2008). This exploratory study investigates autism knowledge and training needs among prison officers. Current understanding, possible training content and a strategy for implementation of autism training for officers are all explored. Methods utilised include a survey and interviews/focus group. Themes identified include specific vulnerabilities, staff skill, training needs and implementation barriers. Participants showed some awareness, but lacked understanding of autism in a prison setting. This article explores whether focused training on one condition is problematic, due to limited resources within the prison system. A wider focus on practical skills to supporting people with neurodiverse conditions and links with non‐prison‐based local health services is seen as more effective than focusing on individual diagnosis within a prison setting.
Momentum of neutrophil recovery using an exponential growth model predicts the prognosis of single cord blood transplantation
Authors: Isobe Masamichi , Konuma Takaaki , Monna‐Oiwa Maki , Okabe Motohito , Kato Seiko , Takahashi Satoshi , Tojo Arinobu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAfter the first appearance of peripheral blood neutrophils, recipients from adult donor sources have a rapid increase in neutrophil recovery, whereas cord blood transplantation (CBT) recipients have a slow increase. However, the momentum of neutrophil recovery after CBT varies widely among individuals, but optimal methods to evaluate the momentum of neutrophil recovery and their clinical impacts are yet to be clarified.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the prognostic effect of the momentum of neutrophil recovery in the last 7 days until neutrophil engraftment, which was calculated by an exponential growth model, after single CBT following myeloablative conditioning for 207 adults.ResultsAmong patients who achieved each hematopoietic lineage recovery by day 100, the momentum of neutrophil recovery, which was represented as a growth constant, was associated with the day of neutrophil engraftment (P < .0001), red blood cell engraftment (P < .0001), and platelet engraftment (P < .0001) using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test. More importantly, overall survival was superior with a higher growth constant compared with a lower growth constant (P < .001). In the multivariate analysis, a higher growth constant showed a lower overall mortality compared with a lower growth constant (hazard ratio: 0.48, P = .014).ConclusionOur data demonstrated that the momentum of neutrophil recovery during the last 7 days before neutrophil engraftment, which was measured using an exponential growth model, was associated not only with hematopoietic recovery but also with a better prognosis after single CBT.
Oncologic feasibility for negative pressure wound therapy application in surgical wounds: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yen‐Jen , Yao Xiao‐Feng , Lin Yang‐Sheng , Wang Jen‐Yu , Chang Chang‐Cheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) decreases postoperative complications of various surgeries. However, the use of NPWT for oncological surgical wounds remains controversial. To evaluate the association of NPWT with oncologic recurrence in surgical wounds without residual malignancy, we analysed studies that compared NPWT with conventional non‐pressure dressings for cancer surgical wounds without residual tumour by August 12, 2020. We compared tumour recurrence rates and postoperative complications between the two procedures. The six studies included 118 patients who received NPWT, and 149 patients who received conventional non‐pressure wound care. The overall quality of the included studies was high based on the Newcastle–Ottawa scale score of 7.5. Tumour recurrence after NPWT was not significantly different compared with conventional non‐negative pressure wound care (9.3% versus 11.4%, P = 0.40). There was no significant heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 3%). Although NTWT was associated with a lower complication rate compared with the control group, the result was non‐significant (P = 0.15). Application of NPWT in oncologic resection wounds without residual malignancy revealed no difference in local recurrence and may reduce the risk of postoperative complications compared with conventional non‐negative pressure dressings. NPWT can be considered an alternative method for reconstruction in challenging cases.