bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermacentor reticulatus biorhythms in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region
Authors: Glazunov Yu V , Glazunova L A , Vinogradova Yu A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To forecast the number of ticks and take successful measures for decreasing them in population it is necessary to know the features of their phenology in aparticular region. The majority of acarologists pays attention to the features of Ixodes persulcatus activity as they transmitixodic infections. The proved epizootic and epidemiological importance of Dermacentors dictates the necessity of developing and organizing the comprehensive control system against this specie of ticks to prevent diseases. This demand the fullest and comprehensive studying of ecology and phenology features of Dermacentor reticulatus of a particular region. The aim of the research is the detailed studying of bioecology of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, the most widespread ticks in the Tyumen region. We had monitored over the life cycle features of Dermacentor reticulates in natural biotopes over the 2013 to 2014 period in the subzone of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. In natural climatic conditions of the specified climatic zone Dermacentor reticulatus are capable to give one generation per a parasitizing season if parasite juvenile forms meet feeders. The whole process of reproduction from egg up to the adult specimen emerge took from 69 to 161 days, and averagely 115±1.99 full days. Metamorphosis of larvae had taken the shortest time period (29.1±2.,0 full days or 25.3% of all cycle time), nymph and imago formations had happened practically for equal periods of 34.5±2.3 and 37.0±5.0 full days respectively. Having studied the regularities of the Dermacentor reticulates life cycles we can prove the emergence and the activity peaks of both juvenile, and adult phases of these ticks activity. That allows to plan actions on controlling these parasites in places of their dwelling.
Main control factors and distribution of carbonate reservoirs in the Hexiwu structural belt
Authors: Zhao Lei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of carbonate buried hills in Hexiwu structural belt are superior, and the hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by multiple factors such as stratum, structure and reservoir, so it is the focus of oil and gas exploration to find high quality reservoirs. Through the analysis of drilling, logging and core data, it is clear that the carbonate reservoir space in Hexiwu structural belt is mainly composed of intergranular pore, tectonic dissolution fracture and tectonic fracture. Sedimentary facies, diagenesis and tectonic movement are the main controlling factors of carbonate buried hill reservoir formation. The favorable sedimentary facies belt is the foundation of reservoir development, the favorable diagenesis is the guarantee of reservoir development, and the favorable tectonic movement is the key to reservoir development. Through the stratified section to carry out comprehensive reservoir prediction, the accuracy of reservoir prediction results is significantly improved, which provides a foundation for oil and gas development.
Short-run and long-run Granger causality analysis of the United Kingdom’s trade patterns in the fossil energy trade
Authors: Hong Yu , Chen Chaojie , Yan Dong , Hu Aijing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study describes the trade pattern of UK fossil energy in terms of imports and exports from 1962 to 2019 and deeply explores the internal causality between the comparative advantage of export and policy interventions including import restriction and export promotion. We document that the UK has been deliberately promoted the import of fossil energy. Granger causality tests show that in the short-run, the policy intervention in import is respectively affected by the policy intervention in export and the comparative advantage of export negatively. Moreover, there are Granger causality running from comparative advantage of exports to import restriction with negative effect in the short-run and with positive effect in the long-run. When it comes to the relationship between policy intervention in export and import, export promotion causes import restriction negatively in the short-run and long-run.
Suitability Evaluation of Seawater Source Heat Pump in a Seashore Refrigeration Station
Authors: Ji Yunzhe , Li Jintian , Wang Xiaojie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the suitability of using seawater source heat pump in a seaside refrigeration station in Qingdao was evaluated. A systematic evaluation was made on the conventional chiller with cooling tower system, the conventional chiller with titanium plate heat exchanger system and the seawater source heat pump system, including energy saving evaluation, economic evaluation (initial investment cost and operating cost) and environmental evaluation. The evaluation results showed that the initial investment cost was slightly increased, the operating cost was low, the cop value was high and the impact on the marine environment was small when the seawater source heat pump system was directly used.
Multi physical field coupling simulation analysis of power transformer vibration and noise
Authors: Hao Wang , Xianzhe Deng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The generation, propagation and distribution of power transformer vibration and noise are studied by modeling and simulation. Based on the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of power transformer vibration and noise, the correlation between the characteristics of power transformer vibration noise and the influencing factors is determined. The solid model of single-phase power transformer is established by using multi physical field finite element analysis software. The multi physical field coupling simulation of electromagnetic field, structural force field and pressure acoustic field is carried out. The spatial distribution and frequency characteristics of vibration and noise signal of single-phase power transformer in each solution domain are displayed. It provides theoretical and technical support for smart grid equipment detection and environmental noise comprehensive control.
Day-ahead Multi-objective Coordinated Optimization Strategy for Regional Scale Source Network Load Storage System
Authors: Luo S Q , Ding X H , Han T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The regional scale source network load storage coordination system is an effective organization form to increase the proportion of clean energy and absorb distributed renewable energy. However, due to the different ownerships of various distributed resources in the system, balancing the interests of different stakeholders in the operation is an important issue to be considered. The types of distributed resources contained in the regional scale source network load and storage system and their belongingness are analyzed in different perspectives, and then the optimal operation strategy of distributed resources is proposed to balance the interests of different stakeholders. Based on this strategy, a bi-layer optimization model with energy supply cost minimization and the power consumption satisfaction maximization is established. It takes the power supply of the energy supplier and the power demand of consumer as the correlation variable of the upper and lower layer models, the analytical target cascading (ATC) theory is used to adjust the correlation variables iteratively until the power supply meets the power demand, and obtains the distributed resources trade-off operation plan satisfying different objectives. YALMIP modeling tool is used to call CPLEX solver on MATLAB platform to solve the model in parallel. An example based on the data of a regional scale source network load storage system shows that the optimization model and its solution strategy can effectively balance the optimization objectives of different stakeholders.
Study on the removal methods of plankton in micro-polluted reservoir water
Authors: Yang Hui , Tong Xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, water pollution and eutrophication are becoming increasingly serious, plankton represented by Cyclops and algae frequently appear in many urban micro-polluted water sources. The current methods to remove algae include catching, adding algicide, adding oxidant, enhanced coagulation and so on, and the current methods to remove the Cyclops include adding oxidant, coagulant precipitation treatment, biological activated carbon filtration, etc. This paper analyzes the effect of different methods on removing plankton in the water, and their advantages and disadvantages, to solve the problem of algae and Cyclops due to seasonal reasons for short outbreaks.
Experimental Research on Treatment of Methylene Blue Wastewater by Fe3O4-MnO2 Fenton System
Authors: Li Yafeng , Li Jiacheng , Man Xinqi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to broaden the processing conditions of the Fenton method, under the premise of adding a catalyst, the operating conditions of the Fenton-like system were studied. When studying Fe3O4-MnO2-PAC composite material as a catalyst,this experiment find the influence of different single factors on the Fenton-like system. Research shows that when the pH is 2-5, the dosage of Fe3O4-MnO2-PAC is 800mg/L, the dosage of H2O2 is 0.8mol/L, the reaction temperature is 10°C-50°C, Fe3O4-MnO2-PAC catalyst. When used less than five times, it has a better degradation effect on methylene blue wastewater.
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Predicted by Prenatal Maternal Stress Among U.S. Women at the COVID-19 Pandemic Onset
Authors: Preis Heidi , Mahaffey Brittain , Pati Susmita , Heiselman Cassandra , Lobel Marci 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
High stress prenatally contributes to poor maternal and infant well-being. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created substantial stress for pregnant women.

Purpose
To understand whether stress experienced by women pregnant at the beginning of the pandemic was associated with a greater prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods
Pregnant women across the USA aged ≥18 years old enrolled in a prospective cohort study during the pandemic onset (T1) in April–May 2020. This report focuses on the 1,367 participants who gave birth prior to July–August 2020 (T2). Hierarchical logistic regression models predicted preterm birth, small for gestational age infants, and unplanned operative delivery from T1 stress, sociodemographic, and medical factors.

Results
After controlling for sociodemographic and medical factors, preterm birth was predicted by high prenatal maternal stress, delivering an infant small for gestational age was predicted by interpersonal violence and by stress related to being unprepared for birth due to the pandemic, and unplanned cesarean or operative vaginal delivery was predicted by prenatal appointment alterations, experiencing a major stressful life event, and by stress related to being unprepared for birth due to the pandemic. Independent of these associations, African American women were more likely than other groups to deliver preterm.

Conclusion
Pregnant women who are experiencing high stress during the COVID-19 pandemic are at risk of poorer perinatal outcomes. A longitudinal investigation is critical to determine whether prenatal maternal stress and resulting outcomes have longer-term consequences for the health and well-being of children born in the midst of the current pandemic.
6 Geriatric Medicine in Undergraduate Written Assessments: Is There A Single Best Answer?
Authors: Reid M D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
It is increasingly important for new medical graduates to be knowledgeable and skilled in the care of older people. Single best answer questions (SBAQs) form the basis of written assessments in undergraduate courses but key areas of geriatric medicine have been shown to be underrepresented in medical school assessments (A L Gordon et al. Age and Aging 2010, 39:3, 385–388). This may contribute to a Hidden Curriculum that portrays geriatric medicine negatively amongst medical students (A Meiboom et al. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education 2014, 36:1, 30–44).

Methods
1133 questions for third year medical students were reviewed. Questions labelled as assessing “Geriatrics” were analysed for their relevance and content when compared to the British Geriatric Society’s (BGS) Recommended Undergraduate Curriculum in Geriatric Medicine. Remaining questions were reviewed by topic to consider if they aligned with the BGS curriculum.

Results
120 of 1,133 questions (10.59%) were labelled as assessing “Geriatrics”. Thirty-six (3.18%) of these questions covered outcomes specified in the BGS undergraduate curriculum. Questions were often inappropriately labelled as assessing “Geriatrics” due to patient age or association with certain pathologies. Of the remaining 1,013 questions, 27 (2.38%) focussed on topics outlined in the BGS undergraduate curriculum. In total 63 (5.56%) of 1,133 questions directly related to geriatric medicine. Many aspects of the BGS undergraduate curriculum including elder abuse, polypharmacy and frailty were not covered by the question bank.

Conclusions
Geriatric medicine continues to be underrepresented in SBAQs and is often misleadingly portrayed in analyses of question banks due to incorrect generalisations based on patient age or pathology. SBAQs may not be suitable for testing the knowledge and skills required in the effective care of older people and new assessment methods that better test these domains may be required. Improving the methods in which geriatric medicine is assessed at an undergraduate level may in turn counter negative attitudes that exist within a Hidden Curriculum for medical students.
7 The Elephant in the Room: An Innovative and Effective Approach to Multidisciplinary Advance Care Planning Training
Authors: Owen L , Steele A , Goffe K , Pleming J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Exploring patients’ preferences for future care is known to reduce adverse health outcomes, limit transfers between care settings institutionalisation and improve quality of life. Patients value opportunities to have honest conversations.
In the recent “Talking about Dying” report from the Royal College of Physicians (RCP), it was found that healthcare professionals (HCPs) find it challenging to start conversations with patients and families. Yet the report highlights a need for HCPs to be equipped with the skills and confidence to provide opportunities for advance care planning in primary care, inpatient and outpatient settings.

Methods
A multi-disciplinary faculty delivered simulation sessions to 115 candidates (50.4% doctors, 33% nurses and 16.5% allied health professionals) from primary and secondary care.
Eight half-day sessions have taken place across North London. Each session started with an introductory lecture, followed by simulated scenarios between a professional actor and candidate within small multi-disciplinary groups. Group discussion was facilitated and feedback given.
We focused on acknowledging the progressive, complex and unpredictable nature of frailty. Scenarios included resuscitation, re-admission to hospital, risk feeding, complex discharge planning and cultural values in older adults.

Results
100% would recommend this multidisciplinary simulation to teach advance care planning.
Only 15.6% of candidates felt confident or very confident with conversations; this improved to 90.5% following the simulation and was maintained at 69.5% three months later. Understanding when advance care planning is appropriate improved from 70% to 100%. Three months after the training, 86% stated they had a sustained change in practice in ACP as a result of the course.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated that our multidisciplinary simulation is an effective format of improving understanding and confidence in having advance care planning conversations. These results are evident both immediately after and at the three month follow up stage demonstrating a sustained change in practice.
12 Being Non-Frail and Free From Cardiovascular Disease Reduces COVID-19 Risk in 269,164 Older UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Masoli J , Atkins J , Delgado J , Pilling L , Melzer D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Older adults are at increased risk of COVID-19, resulting in public health shielding measures for all adults over 70 in the UK. Frailty has been proposed for risk stratification in COVID-19 with limited evidence. Cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, diabetes and raised BMI have been associated with increased COVID-19 risk. We sought to test if non-frail older adults with low cardiovascular risk had reduced COVID-19, to inform targeted shielding policies.

Methods
Fried and Rockwood frailty were ascertained at UK Biobank baseline (2006-2010) and electronic frailty index(eFI) in primary care data to 2017*. A cardiovascular disease risk score(CRS) consisting of smoking status, LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, BMI, fasting glucose and physical activity was estimated at baseline. Frailty (baseline and eFI; eFI alone) and CRS were tested in logistic models against COVID-19 status and COVID-19 mortality to 14th June 2020 adjusted for demographics and technical covariates.

Results
N=269,164 UKB participants aged ≥65 at baseline (≥75years in 2020). 13.9% of COVID-19 positive were non-frail with low baseline CRS versus 41.8% frail with moderate/high CRS. Being non-frail and having low CRS were independently associated with reduced COVID-19. The composite of non-frail with low CRS compared to frail with moderate/high CRS had significantly reduced COVID-19 risk (composite non-frail with low CRS HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.45-0.84; p=0.0023; eFI non-frail with low CRS HR 0.16; 95%CI 0.07-0.36; p value=9.9x10-6) and COVID-19 mortality (composite non-frail HR 0.28; 95% CI 0.10-0.82; pvalue=0.02; eFI non-frail 0.07; 95% CI 0.02-0.28; pvalue=0.00014).

Conclusion
These results show that the COVID-19 risk in non-frail older adults with low cardiovascular risk was up to 84% lower than in those who were frail with cardiovascular risk factors. This could contribute to future work on stratification of shielding risk in older adults in future COVID-19 surges. *Planned data updates prior to the conference should enable updates to 2020.
26 Introducing the Sherpa Model for Managing Multi-Morbidity to Trainee GPS: Outcomes and Relevance to Elderly CareÂ
Authors: Swancutt D , Jack E , Neve H , Tredinnick-Rowe J , Axford N , Byng R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Primary care trainees are traditionally taught to use a consultation model which focuses on eliciting the patients’ main reason for consulting “today”. As the number of patients with multi-morbidity increases, this approach is often inappropriate or unhelpful. Patients can be left without an understanding of their interacting health issues. The SHERPA model provides a biopsychosocial framework for consulting patients with multi-morbidity. We aimed to examine the responses to this model when integrated into a training programme for newly registered GPs.

Methods
Sixteen participants provide qualitative data on their experience and follow-up use of SHERPA. Four hours of teaching were observed. Twenty-four feedback templates on training (n = 18) and SHERPA application (n = 6) were collected. Individual semi-structured one-to-one interviews were conducted with trainees (n = 5) and trainers (n = 3). Data were transcribed and, using the Framework approach, systematically analysed focussing on the trainees’ reaction to the teaching sessions and their ability to use the SHERPA consultation model.

Results
Participants engaged well with the teaching sessions, enjoying the scenarios and bringing observations from their own experience. Five participants went on to apply SHERPA successfully with their patients. Barriers to using this approach were: not seeing appropriate patients with multi-morbidities (due to current placement or patient type); time; lack of confidence and familiarity; concern about missing important immediate clinical issues; and viewing the approach as “in addition” rather than key to shared decision-making.

Conclusion
The SHERPA model was viewed as a helpful addition by trainee GPs, although practical issues, fears and not seeing it as their priority for their case-mix, limited their application of it. Regular support from trainers, where trainees reflect on their experience of using SHERPA, could increase their confidence and familiarity with this method. These findings suggest that SHERPA may be relevant to other specialities such as geriatric medicine, where multi-morbidity is common.
28 Medication Compliance Aids and Acute Hospitals
Authors: Mclachlan S , Chakravorty M , Odone J , Stevenson J , Minshul J , Schiff R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
An estimated 64 million Medication Compliance Aids (MCAs) are dispensed by pharmacies in England each year as a method of reasonable adjustment to improve medication adherence (NICE 2009) and support medicines administration by carers (RPS 2013). Complexities exist when implementing medication changes for patients using MCAs, particularly at hospital discharge or outpatient appointments, where practices seem to vary. This National Survey is the first to determine the current policy and service provision of MCAs by acute hospitals in England.

Methods
An electronic survey was emailed to Chief Pharmacists via the Regional Medicines Information Services in Spring 2019. Initial non-responders were contacted by email and telephone.

Results
51% (73/144) of acute hospital trusts in England responded. 77% (56/73) dispensed medication in MCAs at discharge. Of these, 62.5% would initiate MCAs and 61% supplied a different length of MCA vs non-MCA prescription (see table).
41 hospitals had designated staff completing MCAs. The median time to complete an MCA was 59.5 minutes (range 10–200). The median time from prescription receipt in pharmacy to MCA arrival on ward was 144.5 minutes (range 60–1,440).
Of the 17 hospitals not providing MCAs, the majority would, upon discharge, contact the community pharmacy that provided the MCA pre-admission to update any medication changes and request the provision of a new supply of medicines.

Conclusion
Despite the ubiquitous nature of the MCA, there is no standard approach to the supply of these devices from acute hospitals across England. When hospitals do provide MCAs their preparation is time consuming, often requiring additional staff. A national approach to MCAs might help patients and carers, and reduce medication-related problems and costs.