bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Status of Occupational Protection During COVID-19 Pandemic: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Healthcare Workers in Endoscopy Units, China
Authors: Tian Yuan , Nian Bixiao , Ma Yongchen , Guo Xinyue , Wang Feng , Rong Long 
Published: March 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly around the world, and some patients present gastrointestinal symptoms. The existence of the virus in the gastrointestinal tract makes digestive endoscopy a high-risk operation, which associated with an increased risk of infection rate in healthcare workers. This study aimed at exploring current knowledge, practice and attitudes of healthcare workers in endoscopy units in China regarding the status of occupational protection during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a national online survey involving 717 healthcare workers in endoscopy units from 94 medical structures in 24 provinces and municipalities around China was conducted online via a questionnaire platform called Wenjuanxing (wjx.cn). The data were analyzed using correlation approaches, Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples, and linear regression models.Results: Most Chinese healthcare workers in endoscopy units had a good knowledge of COVID-19 (median: 10; range: 7–12), showed a strikingly positive attitude (median: 65; range: 39–65), and carried out good practice (median: 47; range: 14–50) in strengthening the protection, disinfection and management of COVID-19. In terms of attitudes, female staff was more concerned about protection against COVID-19 than male staff (KW = 8.146, P = 0.004). Nurses performed better in both attitude (KW = 2.600, P = 0.009) and practice (KW = 6.358, P &lt; 0.001) than endoscopic physicians when carrying out personal protection, patient care and environmental disinfection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. More positive attitudes in protection were related to better protective behavior in endoscopic daily medical work (r = 0.312; P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Chinese endoscopy healthcare workers have an excellent mastery of knowledge about COVID-19, which is transformed into positive beliefs and attitudes, contributing to good practice during daily endoscopic procedures. Medical staff may benefit from further education. With the gradual normalization amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, protection and management in endoscopy units may be changed accordingly.
Elongated-Hexagonal Photonic Crystal for Buffering, Sensing, and Modulation
Authors: Elshahat Sayed , Abood Israa , Liang Zixian , Pei Jihong , Ouyang Zhengbiao 
Published: March 2021

A paradigm for high buffering performance with an essential fulfillment for sensing and modulation was set forth. Through substituting the fundamental two rows of air holes in an elongated hexagonal photonic crystal (E-PhC) by one row of the triangular gaps, the EPCW is molded to form an irregular waveguide. By properly adjusting the triangle dimension solitary, we fulfilled the lowest favorable value of the physical-size of each stored bit by about μ5.5510 μm. Besides, the EPCW is highly sensitive to refractive index (RI) perturbation attributed to the medium through infiltrating the triangular gaps inside the EPCW by microfluid with high RI sensitivity of about 379.87 nm/RIU. Furthermore, dynamic modulation can be achieved by applying external voltage and high electro-optical (EO) sensitivity is obtained of about 748.407 nm/RIU. The higher sensitivity is attributable to strong optical confinement in the waveguide region and enhanced light-matter interaction in the region of the microfluid triangular gaps inside the EPCW and conventional gaps (air holes). The EPCW structure enhances the interaction between the light and the sensing medium.
BREEDS COMPOSITION IN THE BREEDING MEAT CATTLE BREEDING IN RUSSIA
Authors: БОГОЛЮБОВА Л.П. , НИКИТИНА С.В. , МАТВЕЕВА Е.А. , ТЯПУГИН Е.Е. 
Published: March 2021

Изучен породный состав и численность племенного скота мясного направления продуктивности в Российской Федерации. На долю мясных пород в мире приходится 40% от всего поголовья крупного рогатого скота. В России специализированное мясное скотоводство как самостоятельную отрасль животноводства начали создавать в начале 30-х годов прошлого века. На современном этапе в нашей стране разводят 12 пород крупного рогатого скота мясного направления продуктивности. К наиболее многочисленным относят абердин ангусскую, калмыцкую, герефордскую и казахскую белоголовую. Относительная численность животных этих пород составляет около 97% от всего поголовья скота мясного направления продуктивности. Лимузинская, галловейская, обрак, шаролезская, салерс имеют небольшой удельный вес, и совсем незначительный — у таких пород, как симментальская мясная, русская комолая и бланк-блю бельж. Территориальные и климатические особенности России позволяют в настоящее время заниматься мясным скотоводством в 59 регионах во всех федеральных округах. В 2000 году разводили 9 пород в 7 округах с численностью племенных животных около 82 тыс. голов. В 2019 году поголовье племенного мясного скота составило более 359 тыс., принадлежащих 12 породам, что в 4,4 раза больше по сравнению с 2000 годом.
The article discusses the breed composition and number of breeding cattle for meat production in the Russian Federation. There are thousands of different breeds in the world, but only a few dozen are classified as meat. The share of beef cattle in the world accounts for 40% of the livestock, respectively 60% are dairy cattle. In Russia, specialized beef cattle breeding as an independent branch of animal husbandry began to be created in the early 30s of the last century. At the present stage, 12 breeds are bred in the beef cattle breeding of our country. Numerous breeds include Aberdeen Angus, Kalmyk, Hereford and Kazakh white-headed. The relative number of these breeds is about 97% of animals in the meat production direction. The rest of the breeds (Limousine, Galloway, Obrak, Charolais and Salers) have a lower specific weight. It is necessary to distinguish breeds with an insignificant specific gravity - these are Simmental meat, Russian hornless and blank-blue belge. The territorial and climatic features of Russia currently allow for beef cattle breeding in 59 regions in all federal districts. In 2000, 9 breeds were bred in 7 districts with about 82 thousand breeding animals. In 2019, the number of pedigree beef cattle amounted to more than 359 thousand heads belonging to 12 breeds, which is 4.4 times more than in 2000.
REVIEW OF ROBOTIC FEEDING SYSTEMS AND PORTABLE SPECTROMETERS FOR FEED QUALITY INSPECTION
Authors: БЛАГОВ Д.А. , МИРОНОВА И.В. , МИТРОФАНОВ С.В. , ПАНФЕРОВ Н.С. , ТЕТЕРИН В.С. 
Published: March 2021

Рассмотрен вопрос роботизации кормления молочного скота, а также контроль качества кормов при помощи спектральных анализаторов Фурье. Детально изучены системы кормления от разных производителей. Выявлены конструктивные различия роботов и принципы их действия. Самоходные роботы с органами загрузки кормовых компонентов позволяют обойтись без дополнительных подсобных помещений и ряда оборудования, которое осуществляет взвешивание и погрузку кормов. Исследованы машины для пододвигания корма и их конструкторские различия. Они имеют 2 типа рабочих органов: шнековый механизм и за счет вращения корпуса. Рассмотрен вопрос по контролю качества кормов. Анализ российского рынка аналитических приборов для проведения экспресс-анализа качества кормов показал, что на данный момент существуют 2 итальянские фирмы, специализирующиеся на выпуске таких устройств. Установлено, что они работают по принципу спектрометрии и позволяют определять в кормах 7 показателей — сухое вещество, сырой протеин, сырой жир, крахмал, золу, кислотно-детергентную и нейтрально-детергентную клетчатку. Полученные от приборов данные можно сохранить на флэш накопителе. Их применение позволяет оперативно решать задачи по оптимизации рационов коров, а также применять анализаторы во время кормозаготовительных работ для отслеживания изменений, протекающих в заготовленных кормах.
The issues of robotization of dairy cattle feeding and fodder quality control with the use of Fourier spectrum analyzers have been discussed. Feeding systems by different manufacturing companies have been studied in detail. Differences in design of robots and their operating principles have been found. Self-propelled robots equipped with devices for loading feed ingredients eliminate the need for additional utility space and a number of devices for weighing and loading feed. Robotic feed pushers and constructive differences between them have been studied. These robots have 2 types of working bodies: a screw conveyor and a rotating body. The issue of fodder quality control has been discussed. Carrying out an analysis of the Russian market of analytical devices for an express-analysis of fodder quality, the authors have found two Italian companies, specializing in the production of such devices. It has been established, that express-analyzers operate on the principle of spectrometry and allow for assessing 7 nutritiousness parameters of feed: the content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, starch, ash, acid-detergent and neutral-detergent fiber. The data from the devices can be saved to a flash drive. Their use allows for a faster solution of cow diet optimization problem, and also for the use of analyzers in fodder harvesting in order to observe changes in newly stored feed.
legados de la inestabilidad judicial en América Latina
Authors: Pérez-Liñán Aníbal , Castagnola Andrea 
Published: March 2021

Los institucionalistas han identificado un patrón de "reemplazo en serie", distintivo para los países de América Latina, en los cuales el cambio institucional se ha vuelto frecuente y radical. Los patrones de reemplazo en serie son la base de las conocidas “trampas" de la des-institucionalización: los golpes militares generan más golpes, los quiebres democráticos hacen que los colapsos de la democracia sean más probables, los reemplazos constitucionales fomentan la adopción de nuevas constituciones, los conflictos entre los distintos poderes de gobierno fomentan mayores conflictos, etc.
En este trabajo desarrollamos una “teoría del reemplazo en serie” y la aplicamos para explicar los ciclos de recambio de los jueces en las cortes para 18 países latinoamericanos. Usando una nueva base de datos que incluye más de 3,000 jueces de las Cortes Supremas y Tribunales Constitucionales entre 1900 y 2010,mostramos que los intentos políticos de reorganizar las Cortes Supremas y Tribunales Constitucionales fomentan nuevos intentos por reorganizar dichos tribunales en años posteriores, creando un patrón secuencial de inestabilidad judicial perdurable en el tiempo.
revolución universitaria de Julio V. González
Authors: Ratto Alex E. 
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo intenta explorar la construcción de una de las imágenes que se tiene sobre la Reforma Universitaria a poco tiempo de sus acontecimientos, una imagen que intenta potenciar el carácter revolucionario de los sucesos de Córdoba de 1918. Para ello, concentraremos nuestra atención en la producción de Julio V. González, unos de los protagonistas que postularon la necesidad de expandir el desconecto de una nueva generación de universitarios fuera del marco de la Universidad.
Hijo de Joaquín V. González, unos de los líderes modernista de la generación del 80, Julio V. González participó desde el inicio en la Reforma Universitaria. En 1919 se convirtió en el presidente más joven de la FUA. Y más tarde escribió trilogía donde teorizó sobre la reforma. Iniciada con La revolución universitaria de 1922, a la cual le siguieron La reforma universitaria de 1927 y La emancipación universitaria de 1929.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la narración de Julio V. González de los hechos y principios de las Reforma del 18, en busca de encontrar sus particularidades. De esta forma, focalizaremos nuestro estudio en la interpretación de los antecedentes históricos de la Reforma señalados establecidos por él (advenimiento del radicalismo, I Guerra Mundial y la revolución rusa), como así también, de la valoración del uso de la violencia en su primer obra, La revolución universitaria de 1922.
Triple Alianza: memorias, presente y proyección del Estado paraguayo
Authors: Capeletti Dalila E. 
Published: March 2021

En el living de su casa, a escasos segundos de cumplirse el mediodía del sábado 22 de julio de 2017, en Asunción (Paraguay), un sol intenso ingresaba por la ventana cuando Julio César Frutos nos abrió la puerta de su departamento en el centro de la ciudad. Estaba muy contento de recibirnos y de nuestro interés por la historia y la actualidad del Paraguay. Nos sentamos y comenzamos a hablar, pasaron varios minutos hasta que recordamos encender el grabador. Nos mostró la pintura original de la tapa de su libro “Francisco Solano López: Memorias de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza” que tiene enmarcada en su comedor, lo que facilitó el comienzo de la entrevista.
Lazer e a Opção Decolonial
Authors: Maurício Joise Simas de Souza , Eugênio Jordânia de Oliveira , Paula Juliana Araujo de , Soares Khellen Cristina Pires Correia , Nunes Raquel Rocha 
Published: March 2021

Atentas à necessidade de olhar o lazer a partir de uma perspectiva outra, assumimos a opção decolonial movidas por nossas experiências de pesquisa. Apresentamos nesse ensaio argumentos conceituais do debate decolonial construídos na América Latina a partir de uma incursão teórica. Nosso olhar parte de estudos, concluídos e em andamento, com mulheres em situação de rua, mulheres negras, povos indígenas e sobre as manifestações culturais do Festejo do Tambor Mineiro e do Boi-Bumbá de Parintins. Essas experiências empíricas nos movem a um pensar outro que confronte as estruturas hegemônicas coloniais. A partir da discussão sobre temporalidade, cultura e educação dentro de uma perspectiva contra-hegemônica, buscamos construir pontes entre o campo de lazer e a decolonialidade. Assim, ressaltamos a necessidade de lançar um olhar a partir das práticas sociais, especificamente nossos contextos de pesquisa, e fazer ressoar vozes e perspectivas de mundo que operam com outras lógicas para nos orientar e fornecer contribuições na direção de um lazer decolonial ou ainda de uma possível construção decolonial do lazer.
Przekształcenia przestrzeni miejskiej, miejsce i nie-miejsce
Authors: Gaweł Dariusz 
Published: March 2021

Artykuł jest efektem kontynuacji badań nad przestrzenią miejską w warunkach powszechnej globalizacji. Powstał w oparciu o krytykę literatury fachowej oraz spostrzeżenia i badania „in situ”, odnoszące się do opisywanych miejsc. Termin ,,nie miejsce” stanowi podstawę do przeprowadzenia oceny przestrzeni miejskiej w warunkach szybko postępujących zmian, przekształcanego środowiska zbudowanego miast i warunków życia jej użytkowników. Zmieniające się tempo życia, postęp techniczny i informatyzacja procesów, nakładają na mieszkańców wiele dodatkowych wyzwań. O ile historycznie ukształtowane struktury urbanistyczne posiadają naturalne wykształcone cechy tożsamości miejsca, o tyle gwałtownie powstające nie-miejsca wykazują kompletny ich brak. Współczesne nie-miejsca stają się punktem zetknięcia tworzonej architektury, urbanistyki i negatywnych skutków życia społecznego mieszkańców. Są one tworzone w pozornych warunkach troski o dobro wspólne, a współczesne miasta ulegają powolnej pauperyzacji. Artykuł jest konfrontacją rozważań teoretycznych popartych analizą konkretnych realizacji.
Stylistyka wnętrz historycznych budynków położonych w wybranych miejscowościach uzdrowiskowych na Huculszczyźnie – zarys problematyki
Authors: Czubiński Jacek 
Published: March 2021

W miejscowościach uzdrowiskowych położonych w dolinie Prutu na Huculszczyźnie zachował się duży, niezwykle interesujący, zespół obiektów powstałych w okresie międzywojennym. Związane są one zarówno z architekturą modernistyczną jak i nurtami regionalnymi. Praca przedstawia i analizuje wybrane przykłady aranżacji wnętrz reprezentujących te dwie tendencje. Zagadnienie to było niemal całkowicie pominięte w dotychczasowych badaniach nad architekturą tego regionu. Prowadzone przez autora studia terenowe i archiwalne pozwoliły zidentyfikować szereg projektów i realizacji. Badania będą kontynuowane w przyszłości.
High breakdown voltage of AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs diode achieved by balanced charges considering residual carbon impurity in hole and electron channels
Authors: Ogawa Hiroaki , Kawata Soichiro , Iwata Naotaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High breakdown voltage (BV) AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs diodes with a pair of hole and electron channels were studied taking account of the residual carbon impurity. The residual acceptor that would affect the charge balance was evaluated by separate growth. Utilizing the residual concentration, the acceptor concentrations (N
A) were examined with a fixed donor concentration of 1.1 × 1012 cm−2. For N
A of 0.9 × 1012 cm−2, the diode with 113 μm drift region length derived the highest BV of 1800 V. Temperature-dependent I–V measurements revealed the breakdown due to an avalanche multiplication. This implies a uniform electric field across the channels. Then, depletion of both channels was characterized by C–V measurements for obtaining capacitance shut-off voltages of the diodes. The lowest shut-off voltage was obtained for the 0.9 × 1012 cm−2
N
A diode. This would be due to the simultaneous depletion of hole and electron channels, i.e. the identical net concentration for acceptor and donor.
Boosting performance of Mn1.56Co0.96Ni0.48O4 film bolometer using randomly distributed nanostructures
Authors: Hu Tao , Ma Wanli , Zhang Zhibo , Wu Jing , Jiang Lin , Yao Niangjuan , Zhou Wei , Huang Zhiming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gold nanoparticle clusters and/or chains, prepared and coated by solution processes, are introduced to improve optical absorption in Mn1.56Co0.96Ni0.48O4 (MCNO) films for the first time. Based on such a strategy, the response of the proposed film bolometer increases by 7.4% in the infrared region and 13.5% at the millimeter-wave frequency of 25.4 GHz, respectively. It means that we find an effective method of achieving broadband enhancements in the film bolometer using plasmonic effects. Our approach is convenient and efficient not only for MCNO film bolometer but also for other thermal detectors.
Introduction and Background - About Water: Novel Water Technologies in the New Millennium
Authors: Ninham Barry W. , Pashley Richard M. 
Published: March 2021

A year ago, May 24, 2019 was the 500th anniversary of the death of Leonardo da Vinci. Visionary water projects on a grand scale were one of his lifelong passions. They were never fulfilled. Substantia offers this volume on new water technologies that work, in celebration of the life of da Vinci, the artist and genius of Florence.
These technologies are simple and cheap. They embrace desalination, sterilization of wastewater, including killing of viruses, selective heavy metal ion removal and harvesting.
And a simple solution to a major world economic problem. that of cavitation in ship propellers.
Our claims are startling and apply to real world conditions, that is, in concentrated and complex environments. They are not restricted to ideal, dilute solutions. They are presently inexplicable within the confines and boundaries of classical physical and colloid chemistry. It has been increasingly apparent that this venerable enabling discipline that underpins chemical engineering and biology suffers from sins of omission and commission. Once those strictures are removed whole new opportunities open up. Examples of these we want to exhibit here.
Beyond the Boundary of Healthcare Systems: Can Social Capital Complement Health Outcomes of the Aging?
Authors: Md. Mizanur Rahman  , Md. Shahidul Islam  , Syeda Sultana Parveen  
Published: March 2021

This paper delves into the association between social capital and health outcomes of the aging in Bangladesh. Methodological triangulation was used to synthesize primary data in this study. The data were collected based on a sample survey from 310 aging people in the aged ≥ 60 years in 2016. Findings reveal that social networks, norms of reciprocity, trust, neighborhood social cohesion and civic participation, and economic hardship are associated with self rated health status. The aging who had low social networks, norms of reciprocity and neighborhood cohesion and economic hardship were 1.917, 2.354, 2.185, and 1.949 times more likely to say that they had poor self rated health status. The synergy index between low social network and economic hard ship, low norm of reciprocity and economic hardship and low neighborhood cohesion were1.592 and 1.939 and, 2.067 supported that effect of joint exposure (low social capital and presence of economic hardship) is greater than the effect predicted from the sum of effects of each factor acting separately. The study concludes that economic hardship reduction is more important to access health care.

Keywords: Social capital, healthcare systems, economic hardship, self rated health, health outcomes, interaction effects
Effectiveness of Village-Based Organization (VBO) in improving the livelihood of the rural community in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Akter Maksuma 
Published: March 2021

The study's overarching objective was to evaluate the pros and cons of the newly adopted Village-Based Organization that was funded by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Empirical data was collected following personal interviews and focus group discussions. The study revealed that VBO contributed to diversifying enterprises by promoting high-value crops, small-scale livestock, and other value-added activities. The respondents expressed their complimentary views about their uplifted living standards. The women’s active participation and consequent empowerment increased by restoring their rights on resources and decision making. Farmers Field School motivated the community to introduce new technologies and practices for maintaining their livelihoods better. Despite some limitations, the VBO helped reduce local disputes and criminal activities like dowry, the high-interest rate of credit, child marriage, and drug abuse. The study advocates replicating this concept in the whole country as a part of the corona pandemic stimulus package. It can curb Monga (seasonal famine), tackle incremental anthropogenic-climatic stressors, reduces the consumption of natural resources, achieves Sustainable Development Goals, and finally, uphold the aspiration of a "whole society approach" and "no one is left behind." Policy interventions are warranted to rectify the identified challenges and integrate the basic principles of sustainability, termed a holistic approach.
TA'ZIR DALAM LEMBAGA KEUANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Marasabessy Ruslan Husein 
Published: March 2021

Fines and sanctions are known in Jurisprudence (Islamic criminal law) and not in the scope of civil law. Because these ta'zir sanctions are ijtihadi. this is different from sanctions that are tauqifi,where the provisions are contained in the quran and hadith, then it takes an effort initiative (ijtihad) to determine it. Ta'zir in Islamic criminal law is applied physically , then sanctions appear in the form of fines.The scholar of Moslem differed on their views on whether this ta'zir maliyyah (fines) could be applied in the context of financial institutions. Some Moslem Scholars who allow fines material ta'zir (al gharamah al uqubah al maliyyah) is Imam Abu Yusuf (the Schollars of Hanafiyyah) . otherwise,some scholars banned this sanction, the reason is that Islam forbidden to take the rights of other parties unfairly. Indonesian national sharia council (DSN MUI), issuing a decision of this matter on Fatwa DSN MUI no 17 2009,about the possibility of fines in Islamic financial institutions, with the foundation of the proposition that is used as a reference. to provide guidance to the public about the existence of fines or ta'zir in Islamic financial institutions. public misunderstanding of this matter is directly related to the reputation and perception of Islamic financial institutions.