bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic study of the coloured gems in a 19th century pendant from Einsiedeln Abbey
Authors: Karampelas Stefanos , Wörle Marie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNineteen green‐coloured gems adorning a cross‐shaped pendant from the end of 19th century, belonging to Einsiedeln Abbey (Switzerland), were examined using non‐destructive methods. Estimated weights of the gems are ranging from about 0.19 to 2.34 carats. Natural multiphase inclusions with jagged outlines were observed in all samples under optical microscope. Raman bands characteristic of beryl were observed in all samples with a 532‐nm laser excitation. Raman spectra of the samples with a 785‐nm laser at higher wavenumber found to be similar to emeralds containing low concentration of alkali elements. Their ultraviolet–visible–near‐infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectra display absorption bands related to chromium and vanadium; no absorption bands related to iron were observed. Using a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic methods, the samples were adequately identified as natural emeralds, with Colombia as their most probable source.
Case study meta‐analysis in the social sciences. Insights on data quality and reliability from a large‐N case survey
Authors: Jager Nicolas W. , Newig Jens , Challies Edward , Kochskämper Elisa , von Wehrden Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMeta‐analytical methods face particular challenges in research fields such as social and political research, where studies often rest primarily on qualitative and case study research. In such contexts, where research findings are less standardized and amenable to structured synthesis, the case survey method has been proposed as a means of data generation and analysis. The method offers a meta‐analytical tool to synthesize larger numbers of qualitative case studies, yielding data amenable to large‐N analysis. However, resulting data is prone to specific threats to validity, including biases due to publication type, rater behaviour, and variable characteristics, which researchers need to be aware of. While these biases are well known in theory, and typically explored for primary research, their prevalence in case survey meta‐analyses remains relatively unexplored. We draw on a case survey of 305 published qualitative case studies of public environmental decision‐making, and systematically analyze these biases in the resultant data. Our findings indicate that case surveys can deliver high‐quality and reliable results. However, we also find that these biases do indeed occur, albeit to a small degree or under specific conditions of complexity. We identify a number of design choices to mitigate biases that may threaten validity in case survey meta‐analysis. Our findings are of importance to those using the case survey method – and to those who might apply insights derived by this method to inform policy and practice.
Landscape Genetics of American Beaver in Coastal Oregon
Authors: Epps Clinton W. , Petro Vanessa M. , Creech Tyler G. , Crowhurst Rachel S. , Weldy Matthew J. , Taylor Jimmy D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAmerican beaver (Castor canadensis) have been translocated for population restoration, reduction of human‐wildlife conflict, and enhancement of ecosystem function. Yet few studies have assessed dispersal of beaver, making it difficult to determine at what scale translocations are appropriate. Genetic studies can provide inferences about gene flow, and thus dispersal. We used a landscape genetic approach to evaluate whether landscape features influenced gene flow among beaver in the Coast Range of western Oregon, USA, using samples collected April–September 2014. We collected genetic samples from live‐captured (n = 232), road‐killed (n = 2) and trapper‐provided (n = 58) tissue samples and genotyped them at 10 microsatellite loci. We mapped records of beaver translocations into or within the study area during the twentieth century to consider the effect of those movements on genetic structure. We used population assignment tests to delimit genetic clusters, evaluated correspondence of those clusters with watershed boundaries and translocation history, and then estimated differentiation between clusters and between watersheds using model‐based and model‐free approaches. We evaluated how individual genetic differences varied with geographic distance, and investigated related pairs within clusters. We developed landscape resistance models incorporating slope, distance to water, and watershed boundaries at 2 scales, and estimated effective distances between sample locations with least cost path and circuit theoretic analyses. We evaluated the correlation of individual genetic distances with effective distances using a pseudo‐bootstrapping approach. Landscape genetic models did not explain spatial variation in genetic structure better than geographic distance, but hierarchical genetic structure corresponded with watershed boundaries and suggested influences from historical translocations. Pairwise individual genetic distances were positively correlated with geographic distances to 61 km; highly‐related pairs mostly were detected <1 km apart (median = 1.0 km,  = 14.6 ± 2.3 [SE] km, n = 77). We concluded that slope and distance to water did not strongly limit dispersal and gene flow by beaver in this system, but concordance of genetic structure with watershed boundaries suggests that dispersal is more common within than between watersheds. Genetic differentiation of beaver within this topographically complex system was much greater than reported in a study at similar spatial scales in relatively flat topography. We recommend that translocation efforts of American beaver in topographically complex landscapes occur within watersheds when possible but conclude that dispersal can occur across watersheds. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Scaling Occupancy Estimates up to Abundance for Wolves
Authors: Stauffer Glenn E. , Roberts Nathan M. , Macfarland David M. , Van Deelen Timothy R. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTManagement of wildlife populations often requires reliable estimates of population size or distribution. Estimating abundance can be logistically difficult, and occupancy models have been used as a less expensive proxy for abundance estimation. Another alternative is to use independent estimates of home‐range size and mean group size to directly scale occupancy estimates up to abundance. We used simulations to explore when scaling occupancy up to abundance is reliable, and as an example we applied an occupancy approach to estimate abundance of wolves (Canis lupus) from roadside snow‐tracking surveys in northern Wisconsin, USA, in 2016 and 2018. Estimates of wolf abundance were plausible and compared favorably with independent estimates produced by territory mapping, and snow‐tracking data requirements were lower than for territory mapping. Simulation results suggested that reasonable abundance estimates could be obtained under some conditions but also that severe positive bias could result under other conditions, especially when populations were small and dispersed, home range size was small, and areal sampling units were large. Positive bias in abundance estimates occurs because of closure assumption violations when tracks from a single wolf or pack are detected in >1 sample unit, and the sum of the sample unit areas where tracks were detected exceed the sum of the home range areas. Bias was minimized when sampling units were small relative to home range size or when sampling units were route segments that approximate point sample units, and when home ranges were highly aggregated. We conclude that, although caution is warranted when scaling occupancy estimates up to abundance, scaled occupancy models can provide feasible and reliable estimates of abundance, assuming home range size and mean group size are accurately known or estimated, sampling units are appropriately chosen, and covariates that aggregate home ranges can be used to accurately predict occupancy probability. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
In‐Office Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Paralaryngeal Pain and Odynophonia
Authors: Tibbetts Kathleen M. , Dion Gregory R. , Dominguez Laura M. , Loochtan Michael J. , Simpson C. Blake 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesPain localized to the thyrohyoid region may be due to neuralgia of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), inflammation of the thyrohyoid complex, or a voice disorder. We present outcomes of treatment of paralaryngeal pain and odynophonia with SLN block.Study DesignRetrospective Review.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients undergoing in‐office SLN block for paralaryngeal pain between 2015 and 2018 at two tertiary care centers was conducted. Patient demographics, indications, and response to treatment were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐eight patients underwent blockade of the internal branch of the SLN for paralaryngeal pain, with 10 excluded for incomplete medical records. Eighty‐two percent (23/28) reported an improvement in their symptoms. Patients underwent an average of 2.5 blocks (SD = 1.88, range 1–8), with 10 patients (36%) undergoing a single procedure. Of the 18 patients who underwent multiple blocks, nine had eventual cessation of symptoms (50%) compared to resolution in 6/10 undergoing a single injection. Eleven patients (39%) noted odynophonia related to vocal effort, and all of these patients had improvement in or resolution of their symptoms and were more likely to improve compared to those without odynophonia (P = .006). Of the four patients who had a vocal process granuloma (VPG) at presentation, three had complete resolution of the lesion at follow‐up.ConclusionIn‐office SLN block is effective in the treatment of paralaryngeal pain. It may be used as an adjunct in the treatment of vocal process granulomas, as well as voice disorders where odynophonia is a prominent symptom.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:401–405, 2022
Hypocalcaemia in pharyngolaryngectomy: Preservation or autotransplantation of parathyroid glands
Authors: Every James D. , Sideris Anders W. , Sarkis Leba M. , Lam Matthew E. , Mackay Stuart G. , Pearson Stephen J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe transient and permanent hypocalcaemia following partial and total pharyngolaryngectomy with parathyroid gland preservation or autotransplantation.MethodsThirty patients underwent partial or total pharyngolaryngectomy by a single surgeon during the period 2009‐2020. Intraoperative parathyroid gland preservation or autotransplantation (where the gland appeared devascularized) was routinely performed. Calcium levels performed on day 1, 3 months, and at 12 months postoperatively were collected. Rates of transient and permanent hypocalcaemia were calculated.ResultsA total of 13% of patients had transient hypocalcaemia, and 10% permanent hypocalcaemia. Rates of transient and permanent hypocalcaemia in total pharyngolaryngectomy were 14% and 14%, respectively. Partial pharyngectomy hypocalcaemia rates were 13% for transient and 0% for permanent. The majority of patients underwent salvage surgery for oncological resection, often following radiotherapy (63%). Ipsilateral hemithyroidectomy was preferred to total (57% vs 7%), with high rates of concurrent neck dissection (67%) and reconstruction (87%).ConclusionThis data supports preservation or autotransplantation of parathyroid glands as a means of reducing permanent postoperative hypocalcaemia.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, case series, retrospective.
Eavesdropping on plankton—can zooplankton monitoring improve forecasting of biotoxins from harmful algae blooms?
Authors: Trapp Aubrey , Heuschele Jan , Selander Erik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHarmful algae bloom (HAB) forecasting has developed rapidly over recent decades, but predicting harmful levels of marine biotoxins in shellfish is still a challenge. New discoveries suggest that predator‐prey interactions may be an important driver in the formation of HABs. Key species of harmful algae respond to copepod infochemicals with increased toxin production. In addition, copepods feed selectively on less defended prey, which may further promote harmful taxa. Here we explore if eavesdropping on predator‐prey dynamics by monitoring zooplankton can improve HAB forecasting. We first examine an 8‐yr time series including copepod biomass, harmful algae cells (Dinophysis spp.), and diarrhetic shellfish toxins in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) using generalized additive models. Models including copepod biomass more accurately predicted okadaic acid in mussels than phytoplankton alone. We then apply this connection more narrowly by analyzing the specific copepod exudates known to induce toxin production, copepodamides, from the mussels sampled in biotoxin monitoring. Adding copepodamide data from shellfish extracts increased model performance compared to copepod biomass. Results suggest that including grazing effects through copepodamide measurements may provide a cost‐efficient way to improve accuracy and lead time for predicting the accumulation of microalgal toxins in shellfish.
Impact of self‐brand connection on willingness to pay premium: Relevant mediators and moderators
Authors: Sarkar Juhi G. , Sreejesh S. , Sarkar Abhigyan , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate how self‐brand connection in an interactive multi‐actor single‐brand retail context can lead to consumers' willingness to pay premium through the sequential mediation of brand attitudes (intransigent and flexible) and brand love. Study 1 shows that self‐brand connection strengthens (weakens) consumers' intransigent (flexible) brand attitude, thereby increasing their brand love and willingness to pay price premium. Furthermore, consumers' high level of cynicism attenuates brand love and willingness to pay premium for consumers' displaying flexible brand attitudes. Study 2 shows that favorable other customer perceptions can mitigate the detrimental impact of high consumer cynicism on consumers' brand responses. In Study 3, we found that other customers' favorable behaviors (over similarity and/or appearance) can best mitigate the negative effects of consumer cynicism on brand love and willingness to pay premium. The research contributes by showing how varying degrees of consumers' self‐brand connection can develop willingness to pay premium through developing either intransigent (constructive route) or flexible (mitigating route) brand attitudes and brand love. For consumers harboring flexible brand attitudes accompanied with high cynicism, other customer perception serves as a conditioning tool, that alleviates their cynicism, and garners higher brand love as well as willingness to pay premium, and behavior dimension of other customer perception dominates in this quest.
TikTok Tics: A Pandemic Within a Pandemic
Authors: Olvera Caroline , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. , Kompoliti Katie 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundTikTok is a social media platform where users create and share videos. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the use of this site greatly expanded. Tic and Tourette syndrome content also increased dramatically along with the number of patients with tics in neurology clinics.ObjectivesWe compared the phenomenology of “TikTok tics” to typical tic disorders. We chose to analyze the most widely viewed videos and therefore focused on the most popular content creators.MethodsVideos with the keywords “tic,” “Tourette,” or “tourettes” were reviewed to identify content creators between March 11, 2020 and March 30, 2021. We performed a quantitative assessment of TikTok tics as well as a descriptive analysis of the entire series of videos of each content creator.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 18.8 years old, and the majority were women. Unlike the predominance of facial movements in typical tics, arm movements were most frequent. Average tics per minute was 29, and almost all recorded TikTok tics were severe, causing significant disability. Whereas coprolalia and self‐injurious behavior are only infrequently encountered in typical tic disorders, they were present in the overwhelming majority of TikTok subjects.ConclusionsTikTok tics are distinct from what is typically seen in patients with Tourette syndrome, although share many characteristics with functional tics. We believe this to be an example of mass sociogenic illness, which involves behaviors, emotions, or conditions spreading spontaneously through a group. A modern clinician needs to remain abreast of social media sources as knowledge of media content is essential in managing patients in the current environment.
Flavan‐3‐ol Microbial Metabolites Modulate Proteolysis in Neuronal Cells Reducing Amyloid‐beta (1‐42) Levels
Authors: Cecarini Valentina , Cuccioloni Massimiliano , Zheng Yadong , Bonfili Laura , Gong Chunmei , Angeletti Mauro , Mena Pedro , Del Rio Daniele , Eleuteri Anna Maria 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by extensive protein aggregation and deposition in the brain, associated with defective proteasomal and autophagic‐lysosomal proteolytic pathways. Since current drugs can only reduce specific symptoms, the identification of novel treatments is a major concern in AD research. Among natural compounds, (poly)phenols and their derivatives/metabolites are emerging as candidates in AD prevention due to their multiple beneficial effects. This study aims to investigate the ability of a selection of phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones, gut microbiota‐derived metabolites of flavan‐3‐ols, to modulate the functionality of cellular proteolytic pathways.Methods and ResultsNeuronal SH‐SY5Y cells transfected with either the wild‐type or the 717 valine‐to‐glycine amyloid precursor protein mutated gene are used as an AD model and treated with 5‐(4ʹ‐hydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone, 5‐(3ʹ,4ʹ‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone and 5‐(3ʹ‐hydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone‐4ʹ‐sulfate. Combining in vitro and in silico studies, it is observed that the phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones of interest modulated cellular proteolysis via proteasome inhibition and consequent autophagy upregulation and inhibited cathepsin B activity, eventually reducing the amount of intra‐ and extracellular amyloid‐beta (1‐42) peptides.ConclusionThe findings of this study establish, for the first time, that these metabolites exert a neuroprotective activity by regulating intracellular proteolysis and confirm the role of autophagy and cathepsin B as possible targets of AD preventive/therapeutic strategies.
FLASH radiotherapy with carbon ion beams
Authors: Weber Uli Andreas , Scifoni Emanuele , Durante Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFLASH radiotherapy is considered a new potential breakthrough in cancer treatment. Ultra‐high dose rates (>40 Gy/s) have been shown to reduce toxicity in the normal tissue without compromising tumor control, resulting in a widened therapeutic window. These high dose rates are more easily achievable in the clinic with charged particles, and clinical trials are, indeed, ongoing using electrons or protons. FLASH could be an attractive solution also for heavier ions such as carbon and could even enhance the therapeutic window. However, it is not yet known whether the FLASH effect will be the same as for sparsely ionizing radiation when densely ionizing carbons ions are used. Here we discuss the technical challenges in beam delivery and present a promising solution using 3D range‐modulators in order to apply ultra‐high dose rates (UHDR) compatible with FLASH with carbon ions. Furthermore, we will discuss the possible outcome of C‐ion therapy at UHDR on the level of the radiobiological and radiation chemical effects.
MRI‐based radiomics analysis for predicting the EGFR mutation based on thoracic spinal metastases in lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Ren Meihong , Yang Huazhe , Lai Qingyuan , Shi Dabao , Liu Guanyu , Shuang Xue , Su Juan , Xie Liping , Dong Yue , Jiang Xiran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to develop and evaluate multi‐parametric MRI‐based radiomics for preoperative identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, which is important in treatment planning for patients with thoracic spinal metastases from primary lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsA total of 110 patients were enrolled between January 2016 and March 2019 as a primary cohort. A time‐independent validation cohort was conducted containing 52 patients consecutively enrolled from July 2019 to April 2021. The patients were pathologically diagnosed with thoracic spinal metastases from primary lung adenocarcinoma; all underwent T1‐weighted (T1W), T2‐weighted (T2W), and T2‐weighted fat‐suppressed (T2FS) MRI scans of the thoracic spinal. Handcrafted and deep learning‐based features were extracted and selected from each MRI modality, and used to build the radiomics signature. Various machine learning classifiers were developed and compared. A clinical‐radiomics nomogram integrating the combined rad signature and the most important clinical factor was constructed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration, and decision curves analysis (DCA) to evaluate the prediction performance.ResultsThe combined radiomics signature derived from the joint of three modalities can effectively classify EGFR mutation and EGFR wild‐type patients, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.886 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.826–0.947, SEN =0.935, SPE =0.688) in the training group and 0.803 (95% CI: 0.682–0.924, SEN = 0.700, SPE = 0.818) in the time‐independent validation group. The nomogram incorporating the combined radiomics signature and smoking status achieved the best prediction performance in the training (AUC = 0.888, 95% CI: 0.849–0.958, SEN = 0.839, SPE = 0.792) and time‐independent validation (AUC = 0.821, 95% CI: 0.692–0.929, SEN = 0.667, SPE = 0.909) cohorts. The DCA confirmed potential clinical usefulness of our nomogram.ConclusionOur study demonstrated the potential of multi‐parametric MRI‐based radiomics on preoperatively predicting the EGFR mutation. The proposed nomogram model can be considered as a new biomarker to guide the selection of individual treatment strategies for patients with thoracic spinal metastases from primary lung adenocarcinoma.
A conservative difference scheme with optimal pointwise error estimates for two‐dimensional space fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Hu Hongling , Jin Xianlin , He Dongdong , Pan Kejia , Zhang Qifeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a linearized semi‐implicit finite difference scheme is proposed for solving the two‐dimensional (2D) space fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (SFNSE). The scheme has the property of mass and energy conservation at the discrete level, with an unconditional stability and a second‐order accuracy for both time and spatial variables. The main contribution of this paper is an optimal pointwise error estimate for the 2D SFNSE, which is rigorously established for the first time. Moreover, a novel technique is proposed for dealing with the nonlinear term in the equation, which plays an essential role in the error estimation. Finally, the numerical results confirm well with the theoretical findings.