bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Capture and Storage of CO2 as Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Oloye Olawale , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA carbon dioxide capture, conversion, and utilization technology has been developed that can be powered by renewable energy with the potential to mitigate CO2 emissions. This relies on an electrochemical process whereby the dissolution of carbon dioxide into carbonate ions is accelerated by a locally induced pH change at the cathode. The carbonate ions can then complex with metal cations, such as Ca2+, Sr2+, or Mn2+, present in solution to form their respective metal carbonates, which precipitate out of solution. To ensure the cathode is not fouled by deposition of the insulating metal carbonate, the process is operated under hydrogen evolution conditions, thereby alleviating any significant attachment of the solid to the electrode. This process is demonstrated in CO2‐saturated solutions while the possibility of direct air capture is also shown, where the precipitation of CaCO3 from atmospherically dissolved CO2 during electrolysis is observed. The latter process can be significantly enhanced by using 5 vol.% of monoethanolamine (MEA) in the electrochemical cell. Finally, the process is investigated using seawater, which is also successful after the initial precipitation of metal sulfates from solution. In particular, the use of renewable energy to capture CO2 and create CaCO3 while also generating hydrogen may be of particular interest to the cement industry, which has a significant CO2 footprint.
BH3 ⋅ Me2S: An Alternative Hydride Source for NiH‐Catalyzed Reductive Migratory Hydroarylation and Hydroalkenylation of Alkenes
Authors: Liu Jiandong , Gong Hegui , Zhu Shaolin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBorane dimethylsulfide (BMS) was found to be an efficient hydride source for nickel‐hydride catalyzed reductive migratory hydrofunctionalization reactions. Catalytic reductive migratory hydroarylation and migratory hydroalkenylation were achieved with BMS in high yields and with excellent regioselectivity. A large‐scale experiment employing as little as 0.5 equivalents of BH3 ⋅ Me2S as the hydride source delivered the desired migratory hydroarylation product in high yield and selectivity.
SfM‐MVS Photogrammetry for Splash Erosion Monitoring under Natural Rainfall
Authors: Laburda Tomáš , Krása Josef , Zumr David , Devátý Jan , Vrána Michal , Zambon Nives , Johannsen Lisbeth Lolk , Klik Andreas , Strauss Peter , Dostál Tomáš 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn understanding of splash erosion is the basis to describe the impact of rain characteristics on soil disturbance. In typical splash cup experiments, splashed soil is collected, filtered, and weighed. As a way to collect additional data, our experiments have been supplemented by a photogrammetric approach. A total of three soils were tested across three sites, one in the Czech Republic and two in Austria, all equipped with rain gauges and disdrometers to measure rainfall parameters. The structure from motion multiview stereo (SfM‐MVS) photogrammetric method was used to measure the raindrops impact on the soil surface. The images were processed using Agisoft PhotoScan, resulting in orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEMs) with a resolution of 0.1 mm/pix. The surface statistics included the mean surface height (whose standard deviation was used as a measure of surface roughness), slope, and other parameters. These parameters were evaluated depending on soil texture and rainfall parameters. The results show a linear correlation between consolidation and splash erosion with a coefficient of determination (R2) of approximately 0.65 for all three soils. When comparing the change in soil volume with rainfall parameters, the best correlation was found with the maximum 30‐minintensity (I30), resulting in R2 values of 0.48 (soil A, silt loam, 26% clay), 0.59 (soil B, silt loam, 18% clay), and 0.68 (soil C, loamy sand, 12% clay). The initial increase in the sample volume for the lowest splashed mass corresponds with the increase in the clay content of each of the soils. Soil A swells the most. Soil B swells less. Soil C does not swell at all and consolidates the most. We derived the relationship between the photogrammetrically measured change in surface height and the splash erosion (measured by weight) by accounting for the effect of the clay content.
Fe3O4@SiO2@CuZnAl‐O Catalysts for Conversion of Lignin in Supercritical Methanol▴
Authors: Chen J. , Hui S. , Bao G. , Luo J. , Meng Y. , Li J. , Wang A. , Liang S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe catalytic degradation of lignin was exploited by magnetic core‐shell Fe3O4@SiO2@CuZnAl‐O catalysts in supercritical methanol (sc‐MeOH) over temperature from 260 °C to 360 °C and the reaction time ranging from 0.5 h to 5 h. The magnetic core‐shell‐structured Fe3O4@SiO2@CuZnAl‐O catalysts with different mole ratio of Cu to Zn were prepared by parallel flow co‐precipitating method. Catalyst Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu1.2Zn4.8Al2‐O with the maximum specific surface area (142.8 m2 g−1) exhibited the highest lignin conversion of 66% and high selectivity for phenols, ketones and benzenes. The recyclable Fe3O4@SiO2@CuZnAl‐O catalyst allows high catalytic activity and selectivity for phenols, ketones and benzenes in the catalytic conversion of lignin in supercritical methanol. It is believed that this study can provide a promising strategy to prepare core–shell structured base metal nanocatalysts with metal‐oxide shells.
Utilization of occupational therapy services and relation to survival in people taking dementia‐specific medication in Austria—A retrospective population‐based study with a 13‐year observation period
Authors: Stefanac Sinisa , Grabovac Igor , Andrews Margaret R. , Oppenauer Claudia , Ramos Romualdo , Reichardt Berthold , Stögmann Elisabeth , Stamm Tanja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesEvidence‐based treatment of dementia includes pharmacological and non‐pharmacological methods of which psycho‐social interventions are an important component, commonly administered by occupational therapists. The aim of this study was to investigate the utilization of occupational therapy (OT) services and its association with survival in people taking dementia‐specific medication in a population‐based Austrian dataset compared to a two times as large control group without dementia‐specific medication.Methods/DesignA retrospective study with a 13‐year observation period (2003–2016) was conducted on real‐world data. Two stratifications were done and we used descriptive statistics, Chi‐squared/Fisher's Exact Tests and survival analyses including three Cox models.ResultsData from 286,553 participants were analysed. Only 4.5% (n = 12,950) received OT services. In the dementia‐medication group (n = 111,033), participants who received OT services (3.6%; n = 4032) had significantly more comorbidities (4.7%) compared to those without OT (3.5%;p < 0.001) and were also more likely to be male (4 vs. 3.5%;p < 0.001). While persons taking dementia‐specific medication showed a slightly reduced survival with OT (p < 0.001) compared to those without, the result in the control group without dementia‐specific medication showed a slightly better result of the participants who received OT (p < 0.001). The reduced survival in the dementia‐medication group with OT is likely to be related to the higher number of comorbidities in this group.ConclusionPeople receiving dementia‐specific medication were more likely to receive OT if they had additional comorbidities, however our analysis showed that utilization of OT services in Austria was very low indicating an overall insufficient accessibility of OT services for patients who needed it.
Observations on the particle pollution of the cities in China in the Coronavirus 2019 closure: Characteristics and lessons for environmental management
Authors: Yao Hong , Niu Guangyuan , Zhang Qingxiang , Jiang Qinyu , Lu Wei , Liu Huan , Ni Tianhua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Particulate matter in the air seriously affects human health and has been a hot topic of discussion. Because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown in cities in China, sources of particulate matter, including gasoline-burning vehicles, dust-producing building sites, and coal-fired factories, almost all ceased at the end of January 2020. It was not until early April that outdoor activities recovered. Ten cities were selected as observation sites during the period from 19 December 2019 to 30 April 2020, covering the periods of preclosure, closure, and gradual resumption. A total of 11 720 groups of data were obtained, and 4 indicators were used to assess the characteristics of the particle pollution in the period. The quality of the atmospheric environment was visibly influenced by human activities in those 5 mo. The concentrations of particulate matter with particle sizes below 10 µm (PM10) decreased slightly in February and March and then began to increase slowly after April with the gradual recovery of production. The concentrations of particulate matter with particle sizes below 2.5 µm (PM2.5) decreased greatly in most regions, especially in northern cities, during closure and maintained a relatively stable level in the following 3 mo. The trends of PM10 and PM2.5 indicated that the reduced human activities during the COVID-19 lockdown decreased the concentrations of particulate matter in the air, and the difference between the PM10 and PM2.5 trends might be due to the different sources of the 2 particles and their different aerodynamics. However, during closure, the particulate matter pollution in the cities remained at a high level, which indicated that some ignored factors other than outdoor production activities, automobile exhaust, and construction site dust might have contributed greatly to the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, and the tracing of the particulate matter should be given further attention in environmental management. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1014–1024. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
To assess the changes of the particle pollution in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) closure of China, 11 720 groups of data were obtained and 4 indicators were applied. The concentrations of particulate matter with particle sizes below 2.5 µm (PM2.5) began falling from the beginning of the COVID-19 closure in February 2000 and maintained a relatively stable level in the following 3 mo. The difference between the particulate matter with particle sizes below 10 µm (PM10) and PM2.5 trends might be due to the different sources of the 2 particles and their different aerodynamics. The PM2.5 concentrations, especially in northern cities, reduced greatly in most regions during the closure period, compared with the uncontrolled months.
Human small intestine cancer cell membrane‐camouflaged quercetin‐melanin for antibacterial and antitumor activity
Authors: Wang Jingyuan , Cheng Hao , Wang Zekun , Yang Endong , Guo Feng , Wang Weiyun , Sun Dongdong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractE. coli has become an important factor that can lead to cancer because of its ability to cause diverse intestinal changes. Nano‐polymer materials provide ideal drug delivery systems for preparing antibacterial and anti‐cancer drugs because of their unique structure, easy modification, and high drug loading. The modified natural melanin has the potential to be an excellent nano‐carrier. By improving the water‐solubility and biocompatibility of the loaded natural drug quercetin, the antibacterial effect of quercetin can be fully played. Here, natural melanin was extracted from frozen squid to synthesize carrier polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, and the natural drug quercetin (Q) was modified on the surface of PDA by π‐π bond and covalent bond action to produce melanin‐quercetin (PDA‐Q). We also developed human small intestinal cancer cells (HIC) membrane‐camouflaged melanin‐Quercetin (PDA‐Q) nanoparticles as an anti‐cancer platform in vivo. The potential bacteriostatic mechanism was likely driven by the penetration of PDA‐Q in E. coli cells, damaging the integrity of the membranes of E. coli and inducing cell death. The mice wound experiment and bacteremia model experiment revealed that C@PDA‐Q had a strong inhibitory effect on E. coli in vivo. In addition, the results of the in vitro tumor test also revealed that C@PDA‐Q had strong anti‐tumor activity against HIC cells of human small intestinal cancer, and the IC50 value was 12.3 ± 0.7 μg/ml, which was slightly better than that for cisplatin. As both melanin nanoparticles and HIC membrane are natural biomaterials, the synthesized C@PDA‐Q nano‐polymer material shows great potential for use in anti‐cancer nano‐drug loading.
Metabolic Alterations in Older Women With Low Bone Mineral Density Supplemented With Lactobacillus reuteri
Authors: Li Peishun , Sundh Daniel , Ji Boyang , Lappa Dimitra , Ye Lingqun , Nielsen Jens , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis and its associated fractures are highly prevalent in older women. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota play important roles in regulating bone metabolism. A previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (L.reuteri) led to substantially reduced bone loss in older women with low BMD. However, the total metabolic effects of L. reuteri supplementation on older women are still not clear. In this study, a post hoc analysis (not predefined) of serum metabolomic profiles of older women from the previous RCT was performed to investigate the metabolic dynamics over 1 year and to evaluate the effects of L. reuteri supplementation on human metabolism. Distinct segregation of the L. reuteri and placebo groups in response to the treatment was revealed by partial least squares‐discriminant analysis. Although no individual metabolite was differentially and significantly associated with treatment after correction for multiple testing, 97 metabolites responded differentially at any one time point between L. reuteri and placebo groups (variable importance in projection score >1 and p value <0.05). These metabolites were involved in multiple processes, including amino acid, peptide, and lipid metabolism. Butyrylcarnitine was particularly increased at all investigated time points in the L. reuteri group compared with placebo, indicating that the effects of L. reuteri on bone loss are mediated through butyrate signaling. Furthermore, the metabolomic profiles in a case (low BMD) and control population (high BMD) of elderly women were analyzed to confirm the associations between BMD and the identified metabolites regulated by L. reuteri supplementation. The amino acids, especially branched‐chain amino acids, showed association with L. reuteri treatment and with low BMD in older women, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Circular RNA circHECTD1 facilitates glioma progression by regulating the miR‐296‐3p/SLC10A7 axis
Authors: Li Chenlong , Liu Yan , Lv Zhonghua , Zheng Hongshan , Li Zhenzhe , Zhang Jixing , Bao Hongbo , Zhang Sibin , Xiong Jinsheng , Jin Hua , Yu Lei , Ai Siqi , Wang Yingjie , Xiao Xu , Su Tianqi , Liang Peng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor. Treatment options for recurrent gliomas include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, but the clinical outcome is usually limited. In recent years, circular RNAs have been found to play a vital role in several human cancers. Gene Expression Omnibus database was utilized to verify the differentially expressed circRNAs. Then we detected that the expression of circular RNA circHECTD1 was significantly increased. The expression and function of circHECDT1 has not yet been reported in glioma. Then we confirmed that the level of circHECTD1 was significantly increased both in glioma tissues and cell lines, which is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients. Knockdown of circHECTD1 inhibited proliferation and invasion in vitro, and also reduced the growth of tumor and prolonged the prognosis in vivo. Knockdown of circHECTD1 significantly elevated the miR‐296‐3p expression in LN229 and T98G cells. Luciferase reports and RNA immunoprecipitation data indicated that miR‐296‐3p was a direct target of circHECTD1 and that the miR‐296‐3p expression negatively regulated SLC10A7. Rescue experiments showed that the overexpression of SLC10A7 could impede the effects of circHECTD1 silencing on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In this study, we identified that circHECTD1 regulates SLC10A7 by interacting with miR‐296‐3p in glioma cells. In conclusion, this study investigated a novel biomarker panel consisting of the circHECTD1/miR‐296‐3p/SLC10A7 axis, which is critical for glioma tumorigenesis and invasiveness and may represent a novel therapeutic target for intervening in glioma progression.
Band 3 protein function and oxidative stress in erythrocytes
Authors: Remigante Alessia , Morabito Rossana , Marino Angela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBand 3 protein (B3p), anion transporter, allows the HCO3
−/Cl− exchange across plasma membrane and plays an important role for erythrocytes homeostasis. In addition, B3p is linked to proteins cytoskeleton, thus contributing to cell shape and deformability, essential to erythrocytes adjustment within narrowest capillaries. Taking into account that erythrocytes are a suitable cell model to investigate the response of the oxidative stress effects, B3p functions, and specifically anion exchange capability, determining the rate constant for SO4
2− uptake, has been considered. As, in the latter years, rising attention has been addressed to membrane transport system, and particularly to this protein, the present mini‐review has been conceived to report the most recent knowledge about B3p, with specific regard to its functions in oxidative stress conditions, including oxidative stress‐related diseases.
Persistent viral shedding of human adenovirus type 7 in children with severe pneumonia
Authors: Zeng Sai‐Zhen , Xie Le‐Yun , Yu Tian , Zhong Li‐li , Li Jin‐song , Duan Zhao‐Jun , Zhang Bing , Zeng Qi‐yi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo understand host–pathogen interactions and develop effective prevention and control strategies for human adenovirus (HAdV), it is essential to explore the characteristics of HAdV shedding. Hospitalized children <14 years who had severe HAdV pneumonia were tested for HAdV DNA by quantitative real‐time PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA). A total of 132 children were enrolled, including 102 patients with HAdV type 7 (HAdV‐7) infection and 12 patients with HAdV type 3 (HAdV‐3) infection. A total of 1372 qualified NPA samples were collected. There was a significant negative correlation between the viral load of HAdV and the course of the disease (Spearman r = −0.547, p = .000). HAdV‐7 load decreased at a rate of 0.089 log10 copies/mL per day (95% CI: −0.096 to −0.081; R
2 = 0.332), and the duration of viral shedding was predicted to be 96.9 days (y = 8.624–0.089x). However, HAdV‐3 load decreased more quickly (95% CI: – 0.229 to – 0.143; R
2 = 0.403), and the duration of viral shedding was 51.4 days (y = 9.558‐0.186x). The median viral load of the HAdV‐7 group at weeks 2 and 3, and more than 3 weeks postinfection was higher than that of the HAdV‐3 group. No significant differences in the duration of viral shedding were found in different gender, age (>2 vs. ≤2 years), and with or without underlying diseases groups. Viral shedding in children with severe HAdV pneumonia persisted, among which HAdV‐7 lasted longer than 3 months and the viral load decreased slowly than HAdV‐3.
Co‐delivery of cisplatin and oleanolic acid by silica nanoparticles‐enhanced apoptosis and reverse multidrug resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Kai , Wang Qi‐Wen , Xu Ya‐Juan , Sun Hong‐Mei , Wang Lei , Zhang Li‐Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) of chemotherapy is one of the significant concerns in cancer therapy. Here in our study, cisplatin (DDP) and oleanolic acid (OA) were co‐loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Nsi) to construct DDP/OA‐Nsi and solve the DDP‐resistance in lung cancer therapy. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays demonstrated that in DDP‐resistant A549/DDP cells, the cytotoxicity of DDP/OA‐Nsi was significantly higher than that of free DDP or DDP single delivery system (DDP‐Nsi). The intracellular drug accumulation study revealed that the intracellular DDP concentration in the DDP/OA‐Nsi group was also higher than that in free DDP and DDP‐Nsi groups. In the A549/DDP xenograft tumor model, DDP/OA‐Nsi showed the best anticancer effect. In summary, DDP/OA‐Nsi was a promising drug delivery system to solve MDR in lung cancer therapy.
Quantum Ostrowski‐type integral inequalities for functions of two variables
Authors: Budak Hüseyin , Ali Muhammad Aamir , Tunç Tuba 
Published: February 2021

In this study, we established some new inequalities of Ostrowski type for the functions of two variables by using the concept of newly defined double quantum integrals. We also revealed that the results presented in this paper are the consolidation and generalization of some existing results on the literature of Ostrowski inequalities.
Alignment frustration in block copolymer films with block copolymer grafted TiO2 nanoparticles under soft‐shear cold zone annealing
Authors: Samant Saumil , Hailu Shimelis , Singh Maninderjeet , Pradhan Nihar , Yager Kevin , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Raghavan Dharmaraj , Karim Alamgir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBlock copolymers (BCPs) have received significant attention as promising candidates for sequestering nanoparticles and fabrication of aligned nanostructures with optimal optical or electrical properties. We investigate the influence of static and dynamic thermal field on the alignment of polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) BCP morphology with the loading of novel poly(methyl methacrylate‐block‐Polystyrene) (PMMA‐b‐PS)‐grafted‐TiO2 nanoparticles (BCP‐g‐TiO2). Observation of characteristics IR peaks for PMMA and PS in BCP‐g‐TiO2 nanoparticles and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results of the outer coating of core nanoparticle, validate the grafting to approach in synthesizing BCP‐g‐TiO2. Here we report that under the sharp dynamic thermal field, at low loading of BCP‐g‐TiO2, there is good dispersion of nanoparticles in unidirectionally aligned BCP matrix in film interior probed by GISAXS, while, at high nanoparticle loading (~10 wt%), there is local frustration in the unidirectional alignment of the BCP matrix due to aggregation of BCP‐g‐TiO2 nanoparticles. However, Grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) shows clearly that the BCP films remain largely locally ordered at the domain scale, despite these large perturbations to long‐range ordering even at high loading level, while bringing in new TiO2 functionality to the BCP films, such as UVO absorptivity or biofouling prevention, important to potential new applications of such membranes.