bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust preparation of many-body ground states in Jaynes–Cummings lattices
Authors: Cai Kang , Parajuli Prabin , Long Guilu , Wong Chee Wei , Tian Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStrongly correlated polaritons in Jaynes–Cummings (JC) lattices can exhibit quantum phase transitions between the Mott-insulating and superfluid phases at integer fillings. The prerequisite to observe such phase transitions is to pump polariton excitations into a JC lattice and prepare them into appropriate ground states. Despite previous efforts, it is still challenging to generate many-body states with high accuracy. Here, we present an approach for the robust preparation of many-body ground states of polaritons in finite-sized JC lattices by optimized nonlinear ramping. We apply a Landau–Zener type of estimation to this finite-sized system and derive the optimal ramping index for selected ramping trajectories, which can greatly improve the fidelity of the prepared states. With numerical simulation, we show that by choosing an appropriate ramping trajectory, the fidelity in this approach can remain close to unity in almost the entire parameter space. This approach can shed light on high-fidelity state preparation in quantum simulators and advance the implementation of quantum simulation with practical devices.
Etiology, incidence, and outcomes of patient–ventilator asynchrony in critically-ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Zhou Yongfang , Holets Steven R. , Li Man , Cortes-Puentes Gustavo A. , Meyer Todd J. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schulte Phillip J. , Oeckler Richard A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatient–ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is commonly encountered during mechanical ventilation of critically ill patients. Estimates of PVA incidence vary widely. Type, risk factors, and consequences of PVA remain unclear. We aimed to measure the incidence and identify types of PVA, characterize risk factors for development, and explore the relationship between PVA and outcome among critically ill, mechanically ventilated adult patients admitted to medical, surgical, and medical-surgical intensive care units in a large academic institution staffed with varying provider training background. A single center, retrospective cohort study of all adult critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for ≥ 12 h. A total of 676 patients who underwent 696 episodes of mechanical ventilation were included. Overall PVA occurred in 170 (24%) episodes. Double triggering 92(13%) was most common, followed by flow starvation 73(10%). A history of smoking, and pneumonia, sepsis, or ARDS were risk factors for overall PVA and double triggering (all P < 0.05). Compared with volume targeted ventilation, pressure targeted ventilation decreased the occurrence of events (all P < 0.01). During volume controlled synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and pressure targeted ventilation, ventilator settings were associated with the incidence of overall PVA. The number of overall PVA, as well as double triggering and flow starvation specifically, were associated with worse outcomes and fewer hospital-free days (all P < 0.01). Double triggering and flow starvation are the most common PVA among critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. Overall incidence as well as double triggering and flow starvation PVA specifically, portend worse outcome.
Maladaptation of U.S. corn and soybeans to a changing climate
Authors: Yu Chengzheng , Miao Ruiqing , Khanna Madhu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe quantify long-run adaptation of U.S. corn and soybean yields to changes in temperature and precipitation over 1951–2017. Results show that although the two crops became more heat- and drought-tolerant, their productivity under normal temperature and precipitation conditions decreased. Over 1951–2017, heat- and drought-tolerance increased corn and soybean yields by 33% and 20%, whereas maladaptation to normal conditions reduced yields by 41% and 87%, respectively, with large spatial variations in effects. Changes in climate are projected to reduce average corn and soybean yields by 39–68% and 86–92%, respectively, by 2050 relative to 2013–2017 depending on the warming scenario. After incorporating estimated effects of climate-neutral technological advances, the net change in yield ranges from (−)13 to 62% for corn and (−)57 to (−)26% for soybeans in 2050 relative to 2013–2017. Our analysis uncovers the inherent trade-offs and limitations of existing approaches to crop adaptation.
Scientific validation of three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry compared to the IGAIS clinical scale for assessing wrinkles and scars after laser treatment
Authors: Machado Barbara Helena Barcaro , De Melo E. Silva Ivy Dantas , Pautrat Walter Marou , Frame James , Najlah Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeasuring outcomes from treatments to the skin is either reliant upon patient’s subjective feedback or scale-based peer assessments. Three-Dimensional stereophotogrammetry intend to accurately quantify skin microtopography before and after treatments. The objective of this study is comparing the accuracy of stereophotogrammetry with a scale-based peer evaluation in assessing topographical changes to skin surface following laser treatment. A 3D stereophotogrammetry system photographed skin surface of 48 patients with facial wrinkles or scars before and three months after laser resurfacing, followed immediately by topical application of vitamin C. The software measured changes in skin roughness, wrinkle depth and scar volume. Images were presented to three observers, each independently scoring cutaneous improvement according to Investigator Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (IGAIS). As for the results, a trend reflecting skin/scar improvement was reported by 3D SPM measurements and raters. The percentage of topographical change given by the raters matched 3D SPM findings. Agreement was highest when observers analysed 3D images. However, observers overestimated skin improvement in a nontreatment control whilst 3D SPM was precise in detecting absence of intervention. This study confirmed a direct correlation between the IGAIS clinical scale and 3D SPM and confirmed the efficacy and accuracy of the latter when assessing cutaneous microtopography alterations as a response to laser treatment.
Five-year longitudinal study of frailty prevalence and course assessed using the Kihon Checklist among community-dwelling older adults in Japan
Authors: Ohashi Masayuki , Yoda Takuya , Imai Norio , Fujii Toshihide , Watanabe Kei , Tashi Hideki , Shibuya Yohei , Watanabe Jin , Endo Naoto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the 5-year natural course of frailty status assessed with the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and the risk factors of transition towards frailty in community-dwelling older adults. We used the data from the postal KCL survey conducted by the municipal government between 2011 and 2016. The sample of the current study consisted of 551 older adults (265 men and 286 women) aged 65–70 years in 2011. The median KCL score increased from 2 (interquartile range 1–3) in 2011 to 3 (1–5) in 2016 (p < 0.001). Hence, the prevalence of frailty increased from 8.0 to 12.3% (p < 0.001). Regarding the 5-year transitions in frailty status, 68.3% of participants remained unchanged, while 21.4% transitioned towards a worse frailty status, and 10.3% towards an improved status. Of the 507 respondents who were robust or prefrail at the baseline, 44 experienced a transition towards frailty, indicating that the 5-year incidence of frailty was 8.7%. These 44 individuals had higher body mass indexes (BMI) and lower physical activity scores on the KCL than others (p < 0.05), the latter of which was an independent predictor of transition toward frailty in the multivariate analysis. This study was the first to evaluate the 5-year natural course of frailty status assessed using the KCL in community-dwelling elderly adults, in which the prevalence of frailty increased by 4.3%. To prevent transition towards frailty, maintaining optimal physical activity is recommended.
Phasor-based hyperspectral snapshot microscopy allows fast imaging of live, three-dimensional tissues for biomedical applications
Authors: Hedde Per Niklas , Cinco Rachel , Malacrida Leonel , Kamaid Andrés , Gratton Enrico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHyperspectral imaging is highly sought after in many fields including mineralogy and geology, environment and agriculture, astronomy and, importantly, biomedical imaging and biological fluorescence. We developed ultrafast phasor-based hyperspectral snapshot microscopy based on sine/cosine interference filters for biomedical imaging not feasible with conventional hyperspectral detection methods. Current approaches rely on slow spatial or spectral scanning limiting their application in living biological tissues, while faster snapshot methods such as image mapping spectrometry and multispectral interferometry are limited in spatial and/or spectral resolution, are computationally demanding, and imaging devices are very expensive to manufacture. Leveraging light sheet microscopy, phasor-based hyperspectral snapshot microscopy improved imaging speed 10–100 fold which, combined with minimal light exposure and high detection efficiency, enabled hyperspectral metabolic imaging of live, three-dimensional mouse tissues not feasible with other methods. As a fit-free method that does not require any a priori information often unavailable in complex and evolving biological systems, the rule of linear combinations of the phasor could spectrally resolve subtle differences between cell types in the developing zebrafish retina and spectrally separate and track multiple organelles in 3D cultured cells over time. The sine/cosine snapshot method is adaptable to any microscope or imaging device thus making hyperspectral imaging and fit-free analysis based on linear combinations broadly available to researchers and the public.
Electronic excitation spectra of organic semiconductor/ionic liquid interface by electrochemical attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Tanabe Ichiro , Imoto Iroha , Okaue Daijiro , Imai Masaya , Kumagai Shohei , Makita Tatsuyuki , Mitani Masato , Okamoto Toshihiro , Takeya Jun , Fukui Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe interface of organic semiconductor films is of particular importance with respect to various electrochemical devices such as transistors and solar cells. In this study, we developed a new spectroscopic system, namely electrochemical attenuated total reflectance ultraviolet (EC-ATR-UV) spectroscopy, which can access the interfacial area. Ionic liquid-gated organic field-effect transistors (IL-gated OFETs) were successfully fabricated on the ATR prism. Spectral changes of the organic semiconductor were then investigated in relation to the gate voltage application and IL species, and the magnitude of spectral changes was found to correlate positively with the drain current. Additionally, the Stark shifts of not only the organic semiconductor, but also of the IL on the organic semiconductor films were detected. This new method can be applied to other electrochemical devices such as organic thin film solar cells, in which the interfacial region is crucial to their functioning.
A novel secure diffusion Kalman filter algorithm against false data injection attacks
Authors: Du Yanan , Li Ning , Zhang Yonggang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel secure diffusion Kalman filter (dKF) algorithm to improve the estimation performance crippled by false data injection attacks on sensors in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Different from the conventional dKF, each adjacent node in the WSNs is detected to ascertain its trustworthiness before local estimate fusion, so as to form a new secure network topology. Then the combination step is performed to fuse the information collected from the secure topology. The proposed secure dKF algorithm, having a better estimation performance, is robust to false data injection attacks on multiple sensors and partial elements of measurements. For the proposed secure dKF algorithm, its mean and mean‐square performance are derived, based on which its convergence is analysed. Additionally, the estimating and tracking problem of projectile position is investigated to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed secure dKF algorithm. It is shown by simulations that the proposed secure dKF algorithm achieves a significant estimation performance gain.
Property insurance as a type of economic activity: providing a balance of interests of insurance business participants
Authors: Kuzmina Irina K. , Egupov Vasily A. , Vishnyakov Roman V. , Artemyeva Aryuvseit A. 
Published: June 2021

Background of the study: The economic activity of business entities is almost always associated with a particular turnover of property, assets. By making such transactions, entrepreneurs can be exposed to dangers. Therefore, today, in times of not only large man-made disasters, pandemics, the main tasks of any subject of the economic market include not only making a profit, but also preserving property and capital in integrity.
Purpose of the study: To define property insurance as a type of economic activity, establish a balance of interests of insurance business participants, identify unresolved issues and propose ways to improve legislation in the sphere of insurance.
Methods: The methodological basis of the research is a set of general scientific and private scientific methods of research activity, including historical, formal logic, the method of system analysis, scientific research, comparative legal, statistical, functional and structural, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as empirical and theoretical-analogy and deduction.
Results and novelty: As a result of the research, the authors formulated the provisions and conclusions that contribute to the effective regulation of insurance relations and ensure the balance of interests of insurance business participants. The article substantiates the need to qualify a reinsurance contract as a property insurance contract along with other types named in Article 929 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Homozygous Novel Variants in the Glycine Decarboxylase Gene Associated with Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia in a Distinct Population
Authors: Elabd Heba Salah Abdelkhalek , Bastaki Fatma , Khalifa Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlycine encephalopathy (GE), also known as nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to a primary defect in the glycine cleavage enzyme system. It is characterized by elevated levels of glycine in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and increased CSF to plasma glycine ratio.Mutations in three genes of the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system have been found to cause NKH. Most patients have a mutation in the GLDC.In this report, we present five new patients from Middle Eastern families with NKH. They were all born to consanguineous parents and two of them have family history of similarly affected sibling(s). All patients presented with neonatal encephalopathy associated with seizures. Their diagnoses were suspected clinically and confirmed biochemically.DNA sequence analysis of the five patients revealed five different pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the GLDC. Three were missense variants (c.2675C > T; p.Ala892Val), (c.2512A > G; p.Asn838Asp), and (c.2943A > C; p.Lys981Asn); one was an intronic missense variant (c.1402–2A > T) leading to an exonic deletion, and one was a deletion of 42 amino acids (c.1927-?_2052 + ?del.) All variants were novel and homozygous. The pathogenicity of these variants was determined according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) variant classification and in silico analysis. Another novel homozygous variant (c.1384C > G; p.Leu462Val) was detected, which was classified as likely benign.The novel variants identified in the GLDC in these patients underlie the pathogenesis of NKH, specifically for the Middle Eastern population. This expands the mutation spectrum of NKH to include a distinct ethnic population that has not been studied before.
Mapping forward-looking mitigation studies at country level
Authors: Lepault Claire , Lecocq Franck 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We provide the first survey of the rapidly expanding literature on country-level mitigation pathways using systematic mapping techniques. We build a database of 4691 relevant papers from the Web of Science and Scopus. We analyze their abstracts and metadata using text mining and natural language processing techniques. To discover common topics within the abstracts, we use an innovative and fully reproducible topic modeling approach based on two machine learning models. We find that the number of papers per country is well correlated with current levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with few papers for (current) low emitters, notably in Africa. Time horizons of 2030 and 2050 each account for one-third of the papers, with the former actually more frequent in recent years, spurred by interest in the (Intended) Nationally Determined Contributions. Topic modeling analysis of the data set reveals that forward-looking mitigation papers encompass all dimensions of mitigation, save for financial issues, that are lacking. However, energy and to a lesser degree land use, land use change and forestry are very dominant relative to other sectors. Topics are unevenly addressed across countries, reflecting national circumstances and priorities, but also pointing to gaps in the literature. The limited number of forward-looking papers in (currently) low-emitting countries raises questions about the lack of research capacity in support of the construction of domestic climate policies.
Decreases in relative humidity across Australia
Authors: Denson Eleanor , Wasko Conrad , Peel Murray C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
How relative humidity is changing is important for our understanding of future changes in precipitation and evaporation. For example, decreases in relative humidity have the potential to increase evaporation and evapotranspiration increasing water scarcity. Since projected precipitation changes are highly uncertain, there is significant research relating precipitation changes to more certain local temperature increases, but such research often assumes relative humidity will remain constant. Here, we investigate how absolute and relative humidity across Australia have changed over 1955–2020. Absolute humidity, measured by dew point temperature, has remained relatively constant, while relative humidity has decreased on average over land by approximately −1%/decade. This suggests that assuming constant relative humidity when predicting future extreme precipitation using temperature or absolute humidity associations may result in over-estimation of future extreme precipitation intensities. As absolute humidity, measured by dew point temperature, was found to be relatively constant, we conclude the decrease in relative humidity is not due to a lack of water available for evaporation but may instead be the result of evaporation not increasing in line with temperature increases.
Projection of extreme precipitation induced by Arctic amplification over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Liu Jun , Wu Dongyou , Xu Xuanye , Ji Mingxia , Chen Quanliang , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Numerous attempts have been made to understand the connection between extreme weather and Arctic amplification (AA), and it is still disputed whether the mechanism is the elongation and deceleration of planetary-scale waves. In this study, we provide further evidence that the Arctic’s rapid warming is influencing extreme precipitation in the Northern Hermisphere based on observation and model outputs, and elucidate the underlying dynamic mechanisms. We find that AA has a significant positive correlation with extreme precipitation, both in the past (1901–2018) and in the future (by 2100). Moreover, observations reveal that, with the enhancement of AA since the mid-1980s, the planetary-scale wave amplitude has increased significantly at 0.66°/decade. This is associated with a negative Northern Hemisphere annular mode and an increased duration of weather patterns, resulting in more extreme precipitation events. Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP585 scenario, extreme precipitation increases by 8.7% along with wave amplitude increase of 7.9° by 2100.
Body size of male Bali cow in different maintenance systems in Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Prasetia M A , Budisatria I G S , Widi T S M , Bintara S , Baliarti E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bali cattle originate from the Indonesian island of Bali and are well known in various regions throughout Indonesia. Bali cattle are known as beef cattle with high carcass proportion and good performance. There are two systems of Balinese cattle raising in Bima Regency, namely extensive and intensive. This study aims to measure the body size of male Bali cattle reared in an intensive and extensive rearing system in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. A total of 100 male Bali cows are kept using different maintenance systems, in the intensive system there are 50 heads and in the extensive system there are 50 heads, measured by body length, shoulder height, and chest circumference. Quantitative descriptive body size data were used to obtain mean values and standard deviations. The results showed that the body size of male Bali cows in intensive care in Bima Bali Cows was better in extensive maintenance (P <0.05). Thus, the intensive maintenance system for male Bali cattle can be applied to obtain better growth performance and can be used for fattening or selection of cattle of good quality to meet future national demand for beef.
Local forage development strategies based on beef cattle farmer’s preferences
Authors: Pratama I W , Agustine R , Astuti A , Kasmiyati  , Noviandi C T , Agus A , Putra A R S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has large potential resource of local forage. However, the utilization is limited. Therefore, a local feed resources particularly on forage development strategy is needed to determine the chosen feed sources based on the needs and preferences of beef cattle farmer. The research objectives were to determine beef cattle farmers’ preferences in choosing forages for their livestock and to determine strategies for developing potential local forages based on beef cattle farmers’ preferences. This research involved 106 beef cattle farmers in Kucur and Arjowilangun Villages, Malang Regency, East Java, who were selected purposively. Descriptive statistical analysis using cross tabulation was used in this study. The results revealed that the three main preferences of farmers in choosing forages were based on the level of cattle palatability, nutrient content, and forage productivity, respectively. The strategy of local feed development can be promoted by developing local feed sources that have a high level of palatability, nutrient content, and productivity.