bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetically clean to clinically clean – A study on new housekeeping practices in Delhi hotels beyond COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sharma Sharda , Kaushik Tanuja 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to examine new housekeeping procedures introduced in response to COVID-19. The pandemic has required hotels to reassess their standard operating procedures, especially in housekeeping to retain the confidence of guests in the hotel/brand via high standards of sanitization, hygiene and the maintenance of social distancing.Design/methodology/approachThe article draws on publications and announcements made by major brands and associations about their updated standards of cleaning, hygiene and sanitisation, social distancing and workplace protocols arising from the pandemic. Further, a survey was used to determine the impact of new processes on housekeeping teams and their perceptions of its effect on service quality, guests and employee safety.FindingsSome key new processes are: keeping the hotel room vacant for several hours after departure, the sanitisation of every room, cleaning and sanitisation of high touch points, linen and waste management and low frequency or complete avoidance of the cleaning of occupied rooms. The survey questionnaire establishes that housekeepers value their new standard operating procedures (SOPs) and agree that “clinically clean” is the new normal and essential to avoid cross-contamination and keep guests and employees safe.Research limitations/implicationsAs the pandemic is a current phenomenon, the guidelines and protocols are rapidly evolving. Hotels are innovating and looking for new processes to manage infection control. This study has mainly focused on cleanliness and hygiene protocols and procedures prevalent in the industry. Currently, future work could be useful to evaluate the long-term impact of COVID-19 on the new processes and procedures that have been deployed.Practical implicationsIn order to recover from the pandemic, the Indian hotel industry faces a colossal task. Even when the virus peaks have passed and hotels can safely reopen, the fear of infection will continue and so guest trust and confidence is essential. Given this, the paper should be of interest to hoteliers and policymakers seeking to implement the best possible post COVID-19 housekeeping practices.Originality/valueThis paper identifies and analyses best practice in hotel housekeeping in response to COVID-19. The new standards that are being adopted aim to assure hotel guests and employees about the hygiene and safety measures and standards that have been adopted.
Structural characteristics and improved in vitro hepatoprotective activities of Maillard reaction products of decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK and ribose
Authors: Han Jia‐Run , Du Yi‐Nan , Song Liang , Song Yu‐kun , Yan Jia‐Nan , Jiang Xin‐Yu , Wu Hai‐Tao , Zhu Bei‐wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere, a novel decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK with Maillard reactivity derived from scallop Chlamys farreri mantle was identified. The structural characteristics and in vitro hepatoprotective effects of IVTNWDDMEK conjugated with ribose were further investigated. The changes in decapeptide structures were determined by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the modification sites induced by Maillard reaction of IVTNWDDMEK and ribose were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Maillard reaction products (MRPs) of IVTNWDDMEK‐ribose demonstrate hepatoprotective benefits through the suppression of DNA damage and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in human HepG2 cells in addition to enhancing the antioxidant activities. Moreover, after treatment with decapeptide‐ribose MRPs, the activities of cellular antioxidative enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and glutathione reductase (GSH‐Rx) were remarkably increased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased compared with H2O2‐treated group, thereby enhancing the intracellular antioxidant defenses. These findings demonstrate the potential utilization of decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK‐ribose MRPs as food antioxidants to suppress oxidative damage.Practical ApplicationIn recent years, several food‐derived bioactive peptides and their derivatives are regarded as good dietary antioxidants for reducing oxidative stress and improving liver function. Here, a novel Maillard reactive decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK, identified from scallop mantle hydrolysates by peptidomics in the previous study was synthesized. Then, the correlation between intercellular antioxidant activities and chemical structure changes of IVTNWDDMEK‐ribose Maillard reaction conjugates was further studied. The preferable hepatoprotective activities of decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK‐ribose MRPs indicated that these MRPs could be potentially utilized as food antioxidants or additives in the production of nutritional foods.
A new joint species distribution model for faster and more accurate inference of species associations from big community data
Authors: Pichler Maximilian , Hartig Florian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Joint species distribution models (JSDMs) explain spatial variation in community composition by contributions of the environment, biotic associations and possibly spatially structured residual covariance. They show great promise as a general analytical framework for community ecology and macroecology, but current JSDMs, even when approximated by latent variables, scale poorly on large datasets, limiting their usefulness for currently emerging big (e.g. metabarcoding and metagenomics) community datasets.

Here, we present a novel, more scalable JSDM (sjSDM) that circumvents the need to use latent variables by using a Monte Carlo integration of the joint JSDM likelihood together with flexible elastic net regularization on all model components. We implemented sjSDM in PyTorch, a modern machine learning framework, which allows making use of both CPU and GPU calculations. Using simulated communities with known species–species associations and different number of species and sites, we compare sjSDM with state‐of‐the‐art JSDM implementations to determine computational runtimes and accuracy of the inferred species–species and species–environment associations.

We find that sjSDM is orders of magnitude faster than existing JSDM algorithms (even when run on the CPU) and can be scaled to very large datasets. Despite the dramatically improved speed, sjSDM produces more accurate estimates of species association structures than alternative JSDM implementations. We demonstrate the applicability of sjSDM to big community data using eDNA case study with thousands of fungi operational taxonomic units (OTU).

Our sjSDM approach makes the analysis of JSDMs to large community datasets with hundreds or thousands of species possible, substantially extending the applicability of JSDMs in ecology. We provide our method in an R package to facilitate its applicability for practical data analysis.
Intra and extragenomic variation between 16S rRNA genes found in 16SrI‐B‐related phytopathogenic phytoplasma strains
Authors: Zwolińska Agnieszka , Borodynko‐Filas Natasza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhytoplasmas are bacterial pathogens that pose a threat to cereal and vegetable production worldwide. However, there is limited information regarding the occurrences of phytoplasmas in Central Europe. In this study we examined samples taken from crop and ornamental plants showing symptoms indicative of phytoplasma infection. Phytoplasmas related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' were detected in eight plant species (carrot, lupine, pea, cauliflower, mustard, maize, juniper and marigold). Based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rDNA, the phytoplasmas were classified as subgroup 16SrI‐B, 16SrI‐L or a complex strain, which harboured the I‐B and I‐L‐type 16S rRNA genes. Individual 16S rDNA sequences were analysed from those heterogeneous strains and as many as five genetic variants were distinguished. By operon‐specific amplification of the 16S rRNA genes with primers complementary to RP166 phytoplasma genome, we detected 16SrI‐L/B phytoplasma strains in the multivariant samples. The I‐L‐type sequences were amplified from rrnA and the I‐B‐type sequences were amplified from rrnB. Molecular phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA showed that all the detected phytoplasma variants were clustered with a 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' subclade and were closely related to the 16SrI‐B subgroup. Despite the variability of 16S rDNA, the strains from all the eight crops shared identical tuf gene sequences. We report, for the first time, 16SrI‐B phytoplasma infecting lupine, field pea, cauliflower and mustard, 16SrI‐L phytoplasma infecting maize and field pea and 16SrI‐L/B phytoplasma infecting carrot, lupine and marigold. We further demonstrate variability in the 16S rRNA genes found in the 16SrI‐B‐related phytoplasma genomes worldwide. For clearer and more unambiguous nomenclature, we propose that in the future, the more intuitive subgroup 16SrI‐L/B be used for heterogenic phytoplasma strains instead of 16SrI‐(B/L)L.
When Do UN Peacekeeping Operations Implement Their Mandates?
Authors: Blair Robert A. , Di Salvatore Jessica , Smidt Hannah M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnder what conditions do UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) implement the tasks in their mandates? Contemporary PKOs are expected to fulfill increasingly fragmented mandates in active conflict zones. We argue that these two trends—increasingly fragmented mandates, increasingly implemented amidst violence—exacerbate delegation and coordination problems that hinder PKOs from pursuing mandated tasks, potentially undermining their legitimacy in the eyes of the Security Council, troop‐contributing countries, and host governments. Combining new data sets on PKO activities and mandates in Africa (1998–2016) and using instrumental variables and two‐way fixed effects models, we find that mandate fragmentation is negatively correlated with mandate implementation, especially for peacebuilding tasks. Ongoing violence is also negatively correlated with implementation of peacebuilding tasks, but not with security tasks. We show that this is likely due to the offsetting effects of violence perpetrated by governments and rebels, as PKOs are better equipped to respond to the latter.
Camp Abolition: Ending Carceral Humanitarianism in Kenya (and Beyond)
Authors: Brankamp Hanno 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRefugee camps are among the most prevalent institutional responses to global displacement. Despite a quasi consensus among scholars, activists, and humanitarians that camps are undesirable, and should only ever be temporary, little work has charted the political project and practices of camp abolition that challenge their spatial unfreedom. Rather than life‐supporting spatial technologies of care that unwittingly signal political failures of inclusion, camps form part of a calculated system of “carceral humanitarianism”. This article draws on experiences from Kenya where aid interventions have shaped politics, social dynamics and economic life since the 1990s. Kakuma camp and Kalobeyei settlement serve as empirical windows to explore the limits of institutional decampment and reform policies, while demonstrating that more radical, abolitionist struggles are enacted through everyday mobilisation and acts of fugitivity among refugees themselves. Advancing critical studies of humanitarianism and forced migration, this article contends that only abolishing camps and their carceral logics helps to build more viable, safe, and humane futures for people on the move.
The application of computer vision to visual prosthesis
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Haiyi , Liu Jianyun , Li Heng , Han Yanling , Zhou Ruyan , Zhang Yun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA visual prosthesis is an auxiliary device for patients with blinding diseases that cannot be treated with conventional surgery or drugs. It converts captured images into corresponding electrical stimulation patterns, according to which phosphenes are generated through the action of internal electrodes on the visual pathway to form visual perception. However, due to some restrictions such as the few implantable electrodes that the biological tissue can accommodate, the induced perception is far from ideal. Therefore, an important issue in visual prosthesis research is how to detect and present useful information in low‐resolution prosthetic vision to improve the visual function of the wearer. In recent years, with the development and broad application of computer vision methods, researchers have investigated the possibility of their utilization in visual prostheses by simulating prosthetic visual percepts. Through the optimization of visual perception by image processing, the efficiency of visual prosthesis devices can be further improved to better meet the needs of prosthesis wearers. In this article, recent works on prosthetic vision centering on implementing computer vision methods are reviewed. Differences, strengths, and weaknesses of the mentioned methods are discussed. The development directions of optimizing prosthetic vision and improving methods of visual perception are analyzed.
Combined trabeculotomy−trabeculectomy for primary congenital glaucoma: long‐term experience from a tertiary referral centre in a developing nation
Authors: Mandal Anil K. , Gothwal Vijaya K. , Khanna Rohit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the long‐term visual and surgical outcomes, and associated risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of children who underwent combined trabeculotomy−trabeculectomy (CTT) without mitomycin‐C as the first surgical procedure by a single surgeon between January 1990 and December 2010. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <16 mmHg without (complete) or with (qualified) one glaucoma medication. We used the WHO criteria of vision loss to categorize the levels of vision impairment (VI). For purposes of statistical analysis, we randomly chose one eye of patients for bilateral PCG and affected eye in unilateral PCG.ResultsThe cohort included 653 consecutive PCG patients (1128 eyes; mean age, 26 months), of whom 475 (73%) underwent simultaneous bilateral CTT. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis revealed 1‐, 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 19‐year complete success rates of 92.6% (n = 372), 75.5% (n = 173), 55.9% (n = 72), 44.7% (n = 19), and 21.6% (n = 3), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed independent associations between failure, preoperative corneal clarity, and prior glaucoma surgery. Mean follow‐up was 41 ± 51 months (range, 6 months to 19 years; median, 1 year). Of the visual acuity (VA) data in the affected eyes obtained at last follow‐up (n = 333, 51%), seventy‐four patients (22%) had VA of ≥6/12. Of the remaining 259 patients, 18 (7%) had mild VI, 87 (34%) had moderate VI, 58 (22%) had severe VI, and 96 (37%) were blind. No serious complications were noted.ConclusionsPrimary CTT may be safely employed to control IOP and may provide long‐term benefits in PCG patients.
Luminescence signals of quartz and feldspar as new methods for stratigraphic discrimination and provenance analysis of siliciclastic successions: The case of the Parnaíba Basin (Brazil) of West Gondwana
Authors: del Río Ian , Sawakuchi André O. , Góes Ana M. , Hollanda Maria Helena B. M. , Furukawa Laura Y. , Porat Naomi , Jain Mayank , Mineli Thays D. , Negri Francisco de Assis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLuminescence characteristics of quartz and feldspar allow to discriminate sediments from different source areas. Particularly, sensitivity of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) signals of quartz and infrared‐stimulated luminescence (IRSL) of feldspar from Quaternary sediments has been used for provenance analysis. These properties change due to source area denudation rates and sediment reworking, which drive the number of burial irradiation‐solar exposure cycles of sediment grains in surface systems. Here, we use for the first time a similar approach to interpret the geomorphic conditions of source areas of Silurian to Triassic siliciclastic sedimentary units of the intracratonic Parnaíba Basin in northeast Brazil. Luminescence measurements were performed on sand grains, and statistical tests were applied to evaluate differences in luminescence properties within and across stratigraphic units. We explored the position of well‐known “110°C” (TL110) and “325°C” (TL325) TL peaks of quartz as proxies to discriminate stratigraphic units with similar lithological assemblages. OSL and TL sensitivities as well as the dominance of the so‐called fast OSL component increase from Silurian to Triassic sedimentary units, while the IRSL sensitivity decreases towards younger stratigraphic units. These patterns point to source areas with decreasing denudation rate and higher sediment recycling over basin filling time, leading to decreasing feldspar concentration and quartz luminescence sensitisation. Major changes in luminescence properties coincide with regional unconformities. This is attributed to physical landscape changes leading to shifts in the relief of source areas and basin sediment recycling. The TL110peak position is similar across stratigraphic units, but the TL325peak position has significant variation, with values between 324°C and 334°C, allowing its use for stratigraphic discrimination. Changes in OSL and TL characteristics of quartz sediment grains are preserved during long‐term burial (108 Ma), representing a new tool for interpreting basin evolution and to perform stratigraphic analysis of ancient siliciclastic successions.
Development of a nomogram for predicting clinical outcome in patients with angiogram‐negative subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Anke , Zhang Zeyu , Zhang Wen‐Bo , Wang Xiaoyu , Lenahan Cameron , Fang Yuanjian , Luo Yujie , Liu Yibo , Mei Shuhao , Chen Sheng , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo the best of our knowledge, this is the largest clinical retrospective study in AN‐SAH patients, and is the first time to establish accurate predictive models paired with bleeding pattern.BackgroundAngiogram‐negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (AN‐SAH) has a definite incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor clinical outcomes. The purpose is to screen independent factors and establish a nomogram to guide the clinical therapy and assess post‐discharge prognosis.MethodsWe identified 273 consecutive patients referred to our institute from 2013 to 2018 for AN‐SAH. A nomogram to predict poor outcomes was formulated based on the multivariable models of independent risk factors. The accuracy and discrimination of nomograms were determined in training and internal validation cohorts.ResultsThe overall poor outcome rates of AN‐SAH were 14.3% and 8.7% at 3 months and 12 months, respectively. In addition, perimesencephalic AN‐SAH (PAN‐SAH) presented with a more unfavorable prognosis compared with non‐perimesencephalic AN‐SAH (NPAN‐SAH). The clinical prognosis was associated with the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies scale (WFNS) (odds ratio, 3.82 [95% CI, 1.15‐12.67] for 3‐month outcome; and odds ratio, 31.69 [95% CI, 3.65‐275.43] for 12‐month outcome), Subarachnoid hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score (SEBES) (odds ratio, 10.39 [95% CI, 1.98‐54.64] for 3‐month outcome; odds ratio, 10.01 [95% CI, 1.87‐53.73] for 12‐month outcome), and symptomatic vasospasm (odds ratio, 3.16 [95% CI, 1.03‐9.70] for 3‐month outcome; odds ratio, 5.15 [95% CI, 1.34‐19.85] for 12‐month outcome). The nomogram was constructed based on the above features, which represented great predictive value in clinical outcomes.ConclusionsSymptomatic vasospasm, high WFNS, cerebral edema, and NPAN‐SAH after hemorrhage were associated with poor outcome of AN‐SAH. The nomogram with WFNS (3‐5), SEBES (3‐4), vasospasm, and NPAN‐SAH represented a practical approach to provide individualized risk assessment for AN‐SAH patients.
Phase I study in healthy participants to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of inhaled nezulcitinib, a potential treatment for COVID‐19
Authors: Pfeifer Nathan D. , Lo Arthur , Bourdet David L. , Colley Kenneth , Singh Dave 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNezulcitinib (TD‐0903), a lung‐selective pan–Janus‐associated kinase (JAK) inhibitor designed for inhaled delivery, is under development for treatment of acute lung injury associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This two‐part, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, single ascending dose (part A) and multiple ascending dose (part B) phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of nezulcitinib in healthy participants. Part A included three cohorts randomized 6:2 to receive a single inhaled dose of nezulcitinib (1, 3, or 10 mg) or matching placebo. Part B included three cohorts randomized 8:2 to receive inhaled nezulcitinib (1, 3, or 10 mg) or matching placebo for 7 days. The primary outcome was nezulcitinib safety and tolerability assessed from treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The secondary outcome was nezulcitinib PK. All participants completed the study. All TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity, and none led to treatment discontinuation. Overall (area under the plasma concentration‐time curve) and peak (maximal plasma concentration) plasma exposures of nezulcitinib were low and increased in a dose‐proportional manner from 1 to 10 mg in both parts, with no suggestion of clinically meaningful drug accumulation. Maximal plasma exposures were below levels expected to result in systemic target engagement, consistent with a lung‐selective profile. No reductions in natural killer cell counts were observed, consistent with the lack of a systemic pharmacological effect and the observed PK. In summary, single and multiple doses of inhaled nezulcitinib at 1, 3, and 10 mg were well‐tolerated in healthy participants, with dose‐proportional PK supporting once‐daily administration.
Legitimation in post‐revolutionary Egypt: Al‐Sisi and the renewal of authoritarianism
Authors: Yefet Bosmat , Lavie Limor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrawing from scholarship on authoritarian adaptation and on insight from legitimacy theory, we seek to examine to what degree the renewal of authoritarianism under ‘Abd al‐Fattah al‐Sisi in post‐revolutionary Egypt can be understood as the establishment of a new political order with its own patterns of legitimation. The main focus of the discussion is al‐Sisi's adaptation of legitimization strategies designed to justify his rule and ensure stability under severe repression and economic reforms. We discuss al‐Sisi claims of personal legitimacy as a substitute for institutional legitimacy, his missionary role as a substitute for ideology, and his reshaped eudaemonic legitimacy. All these strategies of legitimation are formulated while rejecting the 2011 revolutionary legitimation and its promises for democracy. Such analysis, which goes beyond coercion or institutional explanations for authoritarian adaptation, scrutinizes the conceptual reconstruction of authoritarianism as a tool to ensure the consent of the citizens and their legitimacy to the renewal of authoritarianism.