bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beef flavor vegetable hamburger patties with high moisture meat analogs (HMMA) with pulse proteins‐peas, lentils, and faba beans
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Miller Rhonda , Laird Hannah , Riaz Mian N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPulses have been an excellence source of foods due to their nutritional profile including high protein content. In addition, they have less concerns about allergens, gluten, and genetically modified organisms. In this study, high moisture meat analogs (HMMA) that contained commercial pea protein (55.4% protein), lentil protein (55.4% protein), or faba bean protein (61.5% protein) mixed with other constant ingredients (pea isolates, and wheat gluten and canola oil) were produced using a twin‐screw extruder (TX‐52) with an attached cooling chamber. For consumer sensory tests and texture profile analysis, vegetable hamburger patties with HMMA were produced with the addition of spices, binders, and so on. Trained panelists reported that HMMA with pulses had higher scores on bean‐like, sweet, and cohesiveness of mass compared to HMMA with soy that had higher soy, cardboardy, hardness, and springiness scores. Compared to the control, consumer panelists indicated that samples containing pulse proteins had no differences in consumers’ liking for the cooked appearance and overall flavor, but had a lower overall texture liking score, and samples with faba bean proteins (FP) had a lower overall liking score. Cooked patties containing pulse proteins were redder and had more cooking yield. Patties with FP required less cooking time. Therefore, vegetable patties with pulse proteins are competitive with soy‐based samples.
Influence of conjugate heat transfer on the minimization of entropy generation for forced convective flow through parallel plate channel filled with porous material
Authors: Borah Abhijit , Pati Sukumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA fluid–solid conjugate heat transfer model is developed to analyze the characteristics of entropy generation for forced convective steady hydrodynamically fully developed laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid through a parallel plate channel filled with porous material by modulating the following parameters: substrate thickness, the ratio of thermal conductivity of wall to fluid, Biot number, the axial temperature gradient in the fluid, and Peclet number. The exteriors of both the walls are subjected to the thermal boundary conditions of the third kind. The mass and Brinkman momentum conservation equations in the fluidic domain and the coupled energy conservation in both the solid and fluidic domain are solved analytically using the local thermodynamic equilibrium model, so as to derive closed‐form expressions for the velocity in the fluid and the temperature both in the fluid and solid walls in terms of relevant parameters. Suitable combinations of influencing factors, namely the geometric parameters of the system, fluid, flow, and substrate properties are identified for which global entropy generation rate is minimized. The findings may be helpful in the design of thermal systems frequently used in diverse engineering applications having heat transfer in the solid wall being a crucial parameter.
Comparing three‐dimensional models of placenta accreta spectrum with surgical findings
Authors: Mulligan Karen M. , Bartels Helena C. , Armstrong Fionnvola , Immel Erwin , Corcoran Siobhan , Walsh Jennifer M. , McAuliffe Fionnuala , McParland Peter , Carroll Stephen , Higgins Shane , Mahony Rhona , Donnelly Jennifer , Geoghegan Tony , Colleran Gabrielle , O’Cearbhaill Eoin , Downey Paul , Brennan Donal J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePlacenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is associated with significant maternal morbidity mainly related to blood loss. Pre‐operative planning is aided by antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. We sought to assess whether three‐dimensional (3D) models from MR images were accurate when compared with surgical and pathological findings.MethodsDigital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files containing MR images with varying severity of PAS (n = 4) were modeled using 3D Slicer. Placenta, bladder, and myometrial defects were modeled. Myometrial defects at three different uterine locations were included—anterior, lateral and inferior. 3D models were used to identify the relationship between the myometrial defect and the internal cervical os. Findings were validated in a larger series of PAS cases (n = 14) where patterns of invasion were compared with estimated blood loss and distance from defect to the internal os.ResultsThe defect illustrated in the four 3D models correlates to both surgical and pathological findings in terms of depth and pattern of invasion, location of defect, bladder involvement. Blood loss and topography of the defect from 3D modeling were examined in 14 further cases. Inferior defects were associated with increased blood loss compared with anterior defects. Increased distance from cervix was associated with reduced blood loss (R2 = 0.352, P = 0.01).ConclusionThree‐dimensional models of PAS provide an accurate preoperative description of placental invasion and should be investigated as a tool for selecting patients for uterine‐conserving surgery.Accurate 3D models of placenta accreta spectrum are achievable and may provide additional information, such as distance of the defect from the internal os.
A Mediterranean cold front identification scheme combining wind and thermal criteria
Authors: Bitsa Evangelia , Flocas Helena A. , Kouroutzoglou John , Galanis George , Hatzaki Maria , Latsas George , Rudeva Irina , Simmonds Ian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study is to advance an automated and objective scheme for the identification of cold fronts over the Mediterranean based on wind‐related criteria, MedFTS, by further incorporating thermal criteria, in order to improve the identification of cold fronts on a climatological basis. These thermal criteria are related to cold advection and the thermal front parameter, and their individual or combined contribution is systematically investigated considering different threshold values. For each combination of thermal criteria and/or threshold values, the results are validated with the aid of statistical indices and metrics, and the optimum scheme configuration for the identification of Mediterranean fronts is selected. The advanced version of MedFTS, named MedFTS_DT, having incorporated both dynamic and thermodynamic criteria, is applied and validated for a decade of fronts over the Mediterranean. It was found that the number of erroneously identified cold fronts over Greece was significantly reduced from MedFTS to MedFTS_DT version by almost 40%, as indicated by the statistical metrics. Therefore, the performance of MedFTS_DT is verified to be superior to MedFTS. As a further attempt to investigate the ability of MedFTS_DT to perform adequate climatological analysis in the Mediterranean, the frequency of the cold fronts was calculated over Greece during the period 2007–2016 on a monthly and seasonal basis, demonstrating that the scheme can capture the intra‐annual variations. Finally, the contribution of the cold fronts to the precipitation over the Mediterranean for the same period was investigated, further supporting the scheme's performance.
Oxidation and pyrolysis of methyl propyl ether
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. , Nimlos Mark R. , Ninnemann Erik , Laich Andrew , Fioroni Gina M. , Kang Dongil , Bu Lintao , Ranasinghe Duminda , Khanniche Sarah , Goldsborough S. Scott , Vasu Subith S. , Green William H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ignition, oxidation, and pyrolysis chemistry of methyl propyl ether (MPE) was probed experimentally at several different conditions, and a comprehensive chemical kinetic model was constructed to help understand the observations, with many of the key parameters computed using quantum chemistry and transition state theory. Experiments were carried out in a shock tube measuring time variation of CO concentrations, in a flow tube measuring product concentrations, and in a rapid compression machine (RCM) measuring ignition delay times. The detailed reaction mechanism was constructed using the Reaction Mechanism Generator software. Sensitivity and flux analyses were used to identify key rate and thermochemical parameters, which were then computed using quantum chemistry to improve the mechanism. Validation of the final model against the 1–20 bar 600–1500 K experimental data is presented with a discussion of the kinetics. The model is in excellent agreement with most of the shock tube and RCM data. Strong non‐monotonic variation in conversion and product distribution is observed in the flow‐tube experiments as the temperature is increased, and unusually strong pressure dependence and significant heat release during the compression stroke is observed in the RCM experiments. These observations are largely explained by a close competition between radical decomposition and addition to at different sites in MPE; this causes small shifts in conditions to lead to big shifts in the dominant reaction pathways. The validated mechanism was used to study the chemistry occurring during ignition in a diesel engine, simulated using Ignition Quality Test (IQT) conditions. At the IQT conditions, where the MPE concentration is higher, bimolecular reactions of peroxy radicals are much more important than in the RCM.
Pressure dependence of rate coefficients of unimolecular and chemical activation reactions connected to the potential energy wells of chlorinated monosilanes by RRKM calculations
Authors: Noda Kaito , Jagawa Yoshihiro , Fuwa Akio , Kunioshi Nílson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRate coefficients for elementary reactions connected to the potential energy wells of SiHCl3, SiH2Cl2, SiHCl2, and SiH3Cl, which are important Si1 species in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes that use chlorosilanes as silicon source gases, were determined through Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory for various conditions of temperature and pressure. Many of the unimolecular decomposition channels and chemical activation reactions investigated in this work were found to be in the fall‐off regime under subatmospheric to moderately high‐pressure conditions, so that it is expected that accurate modeling of the gas phase in chlorosilane CVD reactors requires careful determination of the rate coefficients as functions of temperature and pressure for the conditions of interest, instead of using high‐pressure limit rate coefficients. The rate coefficients determined here were tabulated using Chebyshev coefficients and can be used in simulations of systems under a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions.
Efficacy of Minoxidil Combined With Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia. A Double‐Blind Half‐Head Controlled Trial
Authors: Ferrara Fernanda , Kakizaki Priscila , de Brito Fernanda Freitas , Contin Leticia Arsie , Machado Carla Jorge , Donati Aline 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is a hair loss disorder that frequently affects the male population. Conventional treatment modalities are limited to minoxidil, 5α reductase inhibitors, and hair transplantation procedures. The efficacy of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation, in the treatment of AGA has been reported, yet little is known about the outcomes of combining photobiomodulation with other conventional therapies.ObjectiveTo evaluate hair growth improvement in males with AGA, during the administration of minoxidil with and without photobiomodulation, using a half‐head model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one men with AGA agreed to undergo 12 minutes of low‐level laser irradiation (using a modified Capellux®), followed by topical minoxidil application (1 ml of 5% solution), to the affected scalp two times per day for 6 months. The photobiomodulation devices were modified such that the left half emitted light, and the right half did not. Efficacy was assessed by blinded analyses of clinical photos and automated phototrichograms (Trichoscan®) taken before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of therapy.ResultsNone of the study participants experienced any adverse events. All patients showed improvements in hair coverage on both sides of the scalp at 3 and 6 months. On the side with combined treatments, the number of total hairs was significantly increased after 3 (P < 0.001) and 6 months (P = 0.001). A similar increase was also observed on the minoxidil‐only side, at both 3 (P < 0.001) and 6 months (P < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were detected between sides (P > 0.05).ConclusionAdditional improvement was not observed with the association of photobiomodulation to topical minoxidil in male AGA. Differences from previous studies that might have influenced our result include non‐collimated light source, higher dosimetry, and a cohort with darker skin phototype and more severe alopecia. Lasers Surg. Med. 2021. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Dystrophin deficiency impairs vascular structure and function in the canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kodippili Kasun , Thorne Pamela K , Laughlin M Harold , Duan Dongsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle‐wasting disease caused by dystrophin deficiency. Vascular dysfunction has been suggested as an underlying pathogenic mechanism in DMD. However, this has not been thoroughly studied in a large animal model. Here we investigated structural and functional changes in the vascular smooth muscle and endothelium of the canine DMD model. The expression of dystrophin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), and the structure and function of the femoral artery from 15 normal and 16 affected adult dogs were evaluated. Full‐length dystrophin was detected in the endothelium and smooth muscle in normal but not affected dog arteries. Normal arteries lacked nNOS but expressed eNOS in the endothelium. NOS activity and eNOS expression were reduced in the endothelium of dystrophic dogs. Dystrophin deficiency resulted in structural remodeling of the artery. In affected dogs, the maximum tension induced by vasoconstrictor phenylephrine and endothelin‐1 was significantly reduced. In addition, acetylcholine‐mediated vasorelaxation was significantly impaired, whereas exogenous nitric oxide‐induced vasorelaxation was significantly enhanced. Our results suggest that dystrophin plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of vascular endothelium and smooth muscle in large mammals. Vascular defects may contribute to DMD pathogenesis. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a software‐defined baseband system for satellite telemetry and telecommand
Authors: Mwakyanjala Moses Browne , de Oliveira Élcio Jeronimo , van de Beek Jaap 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis paper presents the validation of a software‐defined baseband (SDB) system for satellite telemetry and telecommand (TM/TC). The baseband system was developed using the open‐source GNU Radio development kit. It runs on a personal computer connected to a commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (CoTS) RF frontend. The validation process was performed by the use of a mission‐qualified satellite emulator, a state‐of‐the‐art baseband unit, and orbiting satellites. The baseband is designed to offer multimission support. Hence, it includes a suite of modulation schemes, line codes, matched filters, and Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) forward error correction codes (convolutional, Reed–Solomon, concatenated, and low‐density parity‐check [LDPC]) typically employed in TM/TC missions. The figures of merit used for the validation of the TM receiver are bit error rate (BER) and frame error rate (FER). For the TC transmitter, the validated features are modulation index, power spectrum, and the physical layer operations procedures (PLOP).Graphical Abstract We present the validation of a software‐defined baseband system for satellite ground operations. Based on low‐cost software‐defined radios, the baseband show minimal performance degradation in a laboratory environement. Infield tests shows that the baseband is capable of supporting ground operations for orbiting satellites.
Superior formic acid electrooxidation activity on carbon nanotube‐supported binary Pd nanocatalysts prepared via sequential sodium borohydride reduction technique
Authors: Caglar Aykut , Kivrak Hilal 
Published: May 2021

In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐supported M (Pd, Ni, Co, Mn, V, Zn)/MWCNT monometallic and M (Ni, Co, Zn, V, Ag, Mn)@(Pd/MWCNT) binary nanocatalysts were investigated to examine the effect of second metal promotion to Pd on formic acid electrooxidation (FAEO) activity. The sequential sodium borohydride (SBH) reduction technique was used for the preparation of nanocatalysts. For binary nanocatalysts, first of all, the monometallic Pd/MWCNT nanocatalyst was prepared. Then, second metal precursors (NiCI2, CoCl2, ZnCI2, V2O5, AgNO3, and MnCI2) were added to Pd/MWCNT and further reduced with NaBH4. After filtration and drying, binary nanocatalysts M@(Pd/MWCNT) were obtained. X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods were used to characterize the obtained nanocatalysts. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were utilized to examine the electrochemical activities of the nanocatalysts for FAEO. The results indicate that Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) nanocatalyst is better than the other nanocatalysts with 10.75‐mA cm−2 specific and 2924.48‐mA mg−1 Pd mass activity. Furthermore, Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) nanocatalyst has 110.4‐m2 g−1 electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). Consequently, it is clear that Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) nanocatalyst is a promising nanocatalyst for direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs).
Effect of Different Site Trifluoromethylbenzoic Acid Organic Photosensitizer for Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Lisha , Yang Xichuan , An Jincheng , Zhang Li , Yang Kaiyuan , Deng Zijian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo novel D‐A‐π‐A triazatruxene (TAT)‐based photosensitizers with different acceptor, namely SL201 and SL202, respectively, have been successfully synthesized and applied in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The trifluoromethyl as strong electron‐withdrawing group was introduced to different sites of benzoic acid, in order to enhance the electron‐withdrawing ability of the acceptor, broaden the light capture ability and improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the DSSCs. Due to the steric hindrance effect, the molecular planarity of the trifluoromethyl group at different positions in the molecule is different, which leads to different photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. Finally, the DSSCs based on SL202 obtain a higher PCE of 9.8 %, short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.3 mA/cm2, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 927 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 0.69, compared with 9.0 % of SL201, using Co2+/Co3+ complex redox couple under standard AM 1.5G solar irradiation (100 mW/cm2). The same chemical group at different positions will produce different molecular planarity, further causing different photovoltaic performance of devices.
Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Arylethynes and Aryltriazenes to Access Libraries of 1,2‐Diketones and Their Efficacy in Synthesis of Triaryloxazoles, Imidazoles and Diaryl‐Diazepines
Authors: Sutar Suraj M. , Prabhala Pavankumar , Savanur Hemantkumar M. , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Aridoss Gopalakrishnan , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLibraries of diaryl‐1,2‐diketones were synthesized by oxidative coupling of 1‐aryl‐ethynes with 1‐aryl‐triazenes, employing tetramethylguanidinium ionic liquid [TMG][CF3COO] and Cu(OAc)2. The synthesized compounds served as scaffolds for facile one‐pot synthesis of diverse libraries of pharmaceutically important heterocycles in ionic liquid solvents. Thus BMIM‐ionic liquid/CuI was utilized for the synthesis of triaryl‐oxazoles, [TMG][HSO4]/NH4OAc was used to prepare triaryl‐imidazoles, and [TMG][OAc] was employed for the synthesis of diaryl‐diazepines. Reactions were performed in fresh as well as in recycled ionic liquids. The reported methods expand the available protocols for the synthesis of diaryl‐1,2‐diketones, and enable facile access to pharmaceutically important nitrogen heterocycles.
Determinants of Adenosine A2A Receptors‐Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates Complex: Multi‐Spectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Huang Manting , Yong Li , Xu Jie , Zuo Yanqiu , Yi Zhongsheng , Liu Hongyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we determined the binding characteristics of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) to the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) using various spectroscopic methods and computer simulation technologies. UV‐absorption, fluorescence spectra, and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra results revealed the changes in the micro‐environment of the secondary structure of A2AR. By comparing the fluorescence spectroscopy of A2AR in the absence and presence of PFSAs, we found that PFSAs induced the static fluorescence quenching of A2AR. The thermodynamic parameters ▵H and ▵S indicated that van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions predominantly stabilized the pollutant‐protein system. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of the A2AR and A2AR‐PFSAs complex shows that A2AR‐PFSAs are stable. This study describes the binding mechanism of PFSAs to A2AR, which is very helpful in improving our understanding of the effect of PFSAs on peripheral tissues and the central nervous system.
Mild, Efficient and Metal‐Free Strategies for Direct Diamination of α, β‐Unsaturated Ketones Using Different Iodine Sources
Authors: Sarkar Subhankar , Chatterjee Rana , Pal Satyajit , Majee Adinath 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReaction of α, β‐unsaturated ketone (chalcone) and secondary amine leads to direct diamination of chalcone by dehydrogenation and forming two C−N bonds. This diamination reaction of chalcones with morpholine has been carried out through two effective protocols. The use of N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) in tetrahydrofuran solvent in one strategy, while the combination of NH2OH ⋅ HCl and NaIO4 in dichloromethane solvent in another are very effective and work at room temperature. No other additives are required for this conversion. Mild and metal free conditions, simple operation technique, good to excellent yields are the notable advantages of both these protocols.