bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Optical Quantification of Extracellular Electron Transfer Using Plasmonic Metal Oxide Nanocrystals**
Authors: Graham Austin J. , Gibbs Stephen L. , Saez Cabezas Camila A. , Wang Yongdan , Green Allison M. , Milliron Delia J. , Keitz Benjamin K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtracellular electron transfer (EET) is a critical form of microbial metabolism that enables respiration on a variety of inorganic substrates, including metal oxides. However, quantifying current generated by electroactive bacteria has been predominately limited to biofilms formed on electrodes. To address this, we developed a platform for quantifying EET flux from cell suspensions using aqueous dispersions of infrared plasmonic tin‐doped indium oxide nanocrystals. Tracking the change in optical extinction during electron transfer enabled quantification of current generated by planktonic Shewanella oneidensis cultures. Using this method, we differentiated between starved and actively respiring cells, cells of varying genotype, and cells engineered to differentially express a key EET gene using an inducible genetic circuit. Overall, our results validate the utility of colloidally stable plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystals as quantitative biosensors in aqueous environments and contribute to a fundamental understanding of planktonic S. oneidensis electrophysiology using simple in situ spectroscopy.
Total Synthesis and Structural Assignment of (−)‐Fusaequisin A
Authors: Schmidt Ann‐Christin , Hiersemann Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract(−)‐Fusaequisin A is an irregularly assembled polyketide isolated from the ascomycete Fusarium equiseti. Fusaequisin A shares a carbon backbone with curvicollide C from the ascomycete Podospora curvicolla but its absolute configuration remained hitherto unsettled. Herein, we document the total synthesis of (−)‐fusaequisin A and its 4‐O‐desmethyl derivative following a central‐to‐lateral building block strategy. Catalytic asymmetric Claisen rearrangement, Julia‐Kocienski olefination and olefin cross‐metathesis served as key C/C‐connecting transformations. The constitution and absolute configuration of (−)‐fusaequisin A was deduced and the original structural assignment was adjusted.
Implementation Guideline for an Artificial Intelligence‐Based Process Analysis and Optimization Application
Authors: Kisslinger Ferdinand , Hildinger Monica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing predictive and proactive maintenance methods for critical equipment and processes in industry can help reduce unplanned downtimes and improve process availability and stability. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods for process data analysis can provide plant operators with much‐needed insights for decision support and predictive plant maintenance strategies. In this article, a guideline for implementing AI methods in the process industry is provided using the AI‐based application Siemens Predictive Analytics (SiePA) and the results of a SiePA application in a milling process are presented.
Mind your words: Oncologists' communication that potentially harms patients with advanced cancer: A survey on patient perspectives
Authors: Westendorp Janine , Evers Andrea W. M. , Stouthard Jacqueline M. L. , Budding Janneke , van der Wall Elsken , Plum Nicole M. F. , Velting Mirjam , Francke Anneke L. , van Dulmen Sandra , olde Hartman Tim C. , Van Vliet Liesbeth M. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMany complaints in medicine and in advanced illnesses are about communication. Little is known about which specific communications harm. This study explored the perspectives of patients with advanced cancer about potentially harmful communication behaviors by oncologists and helpful alternatives.MethodsAn online survey design was used that was based on literature scoping and patient/clinician/researcher input. Patients with advanced cancer (n = 74) reflected on the potential harmfulness of 19 communication situations. They were asked whether they perceived the situation as one in which communication could be harmful (yes/no). If they answered “yes,” they were asked whether they perceived the examples as harmful (yes/no) or helpful (yes/no) and to provide open comments. Results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively (content analysis).ResultsCommunication regarding information provision, prognosis discussion, decision‐making, and empathy could be unnecessarily potentially harmful, and this occurred in various ways, such as making vague promises instead of concrete ones (92%), being too directive in decision‐making (qualitative), and not listening to the patient (88%). Not all patients considered other situations potentially harmful (eg, introducing the option of refraining from anticancer therapy [49%] and giving too much [prognostic] information [60%]). Exploring each individual patients' needs/preferences seemed to be a precondition for helpful communication.ConclusionsThis article provides patient perspectives on oncologists' unnecessarily potentially harmful communication behaviors and offers practical tools to improve communication in advanced cancer care. Both preventable pitfalls and delicate challenges requiring an individualized approach, where exploration might help, are described. Although providing difficult and unwelcome news is a core task for clinicians, this study might help them to do so while preventing potentially unnecessary harm.
Urinary estrogen metabolites and gastric cancer risk among postmenopausal women
Authors: Camargo M. Constanza , Song Minkyo , Xu Xia , Zhao Isaac , Sampson Joshua N. , Etemadi Arash , Brenner Hermann , Lee Hwi‐Won , Trabert Britton , Holleczek Bernd , Schöttker Ben , Spaid Kathleen , Dawsey Sanford M. , Lee Sangjun , Shimura Takaya , Park Sue K. , Malekzadeh Reza , Kang Daehee , Rabkin Charles S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe overall incidence of gastric cancer in women is half that in men for most global populations. Sex hormone pathways may be involved in carcinogenesis and estrogens have been postulated to protect women against gastric cancer.AimTo evaluate associations of gastric cancer with estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women.Methods and resultsWe performed an analysis of 233 gastric cancer cases and 281 age‐matched controls from three prospective cohorts and two case‐control studies of early‐stage gastric cancer, mainly conducted in high‐risk Asian populations. Fifteen estrogen‐parent (estrone and estradiol) and ‐metabolite analytes (2‐hydroxyestrone, 2‐hydroxyestradiol, 2‐hydroxyestrone‐3‐methyl ether, 4‐hydroxyestrone; 4‐methoxyestrone, 4‐methoxyestradiol, 2‐methoxyestrone, 2‐methoxyestradiol, estriol, 16α‐hydroxyestrone, 16‐ketoestradiol, 16‐epiestriol, and 17‐epiestriol) were measured in spot urines using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios for association with each marker were estimated by logistic regression. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test. Study‐specific odds ratios were pooled by fixed‐effects meta‐analysis. Urinary levels of estrogen‐related molecules were not associated with gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.87 to 1.27; p‐values >.05), with low between‐study heterogeneity (p‐values >.1) for all but two metabolites (2‐hydroxyestrone‐3‐methyl ether and 2‐methoxyestradiol).ConclusionTo date, this is the first comprehensive assessment of endogenous estrogens with gastric cancer risk in women. Estrogens do not appear to have an etiologic role in gastric cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Given the complex network of sex steroid hormones and their extreme variation over the lifespan, further evaluation of this hypothesis is warranted.
A novel mutual aid Salp Swarm Algorithm for global optimization
Authors: Zhang Huanlong , Feng Yuxing , Huang Wanwei , Zhang Jie , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSalp Swarm Algorithm is a new intelligent optimization algorithm. Because of it is fewer control parameters and convenient operation, it has attracted the attention of researchers from all circles. However, due to the lack of complex iterative process, it has some disadvantages, such as low optimization precision and poor population diversity in the late iteration. To solve these problems of Salp Swarm Algorithm, we proposed a Salp Swarm Algorithm based on mutual learning mechanism. In this article, the improved Salp Swarm Algorithm uses the iteration factor of tangent change to update the population position, which balances the global exploration and local development ability of the algorithm. At the same time, the introduction of mutual learning mechanism in the local development stage solves the problem of poor population diversity in the later iteration of Salp Swarm Algorithm, and improves the convergence accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, 23 classical and CEC2014 benchmark functions are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved Salp Swarm Algorithm has better optimization accuracy and stability compared with the algorithm of Salp Swarm, Moth Flame Optimization, Grasshopper Optimization, and Ant Lion Optimization.
Ensuring high reliability and performance with low space overhead for deduplicated and delta‐compressed storage systems
Authors: Zuo Chunxue , Wang Fang , Zheng Mai , Hu Yuchong , Feng Dan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractData deduplication is a widely used technique to remove duplicate data to reduce the storage overhead. However, deduplication typically cannot eliminate the redundancy among nonidentical but similar data chunks. To reduce the storage overhead further, delta compression is often applied to compress the post‐deduplication data. While the two techniques are effective in saving storage space, they introduce complex references among data chunks, which inevitably undermines the system reliability and introduces fragmentation that may degrade the restore performance. In this paper, we observe that the delta compressed chunks (DCCs) are much smaller than regular chunks (non‐DCCs). Also, most fragmentation caused by the base chunk of DCCs remain fragmented in consecutive backups. Based on these observations, we introduce a framework called, which combines replication and erasure coding and uses History‐aware Delta Selection to ensure high reliability and restore performance. Specifically,uses a delta‐utilization‐aware filter and a cooperative cache scheme (CCS) to maintain cache locality and avoid unnecessary container reads, respectively. Moreover, the system selectively performs delta compression by historical information to avoid cyclic fragmentation in consecutive backups. Experimental results based on four real‐world datasets demonstrate thatsignificantly improves the restore performance by 58.3%–76.7% with a low storage overhead.
Three‐Dimensional Fruit Tissue Habitats for Culturing Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Guisnet Aurélie , Maitra Malosree , Pradhan Sreeparna , Hendricks Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental factors influence many traits of biological interest, but reproducing an animal's natural habitat in a controlled laboratory environment is challenging. Environmental enrichment—adding complexity to the usually simplistic conditions under which laboratory animals are raised—offers a potential tool for better understanding biological traits while maintaining controlled laboratory conditions. For the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the contrast between the natural environment and the laboratory conditions in which they are raised is enormous. Although several methods have been developed in an effort to complexify C. elegans laboratory conditions, there is still a need for an enriched controlled laboratory habitat in which C. elegans can be raised over several generations, the bacterial food availability is similar to that in traditional agar plates, and the animals are crawling as opposed to swimming or burrowing. To this end, we describe here a standardized protocol for creating controlled, reproducible, three‐dimensional environments for multigenerational maintenance of C. elegans in the laboratory. These environments are derived from decellularized apple hypanthium tissue and have bacterial food uniformly distributed throughout. We also describe how traditional C. elegans methods of collecting synchronized eggs, cleaning contaminated stocks, and collecting animal populations are adapted to our scaffold environment. These methods can be adapted to host different bacteria or bacterial populations, and the resulting scaffolds can be used in a range of experimental designs for behavioral and phenotypical studies in C. elegans and other nematodes. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Decellularization and storage of apple tissueBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of plates from decellularized apple scaffoldsBasic Protocol 3: Synchronization of eggs or animals and cleaning contaminated stocks from scaffold platesAlternate Protocol: Collection of non‐synchronized larvae and adults from scaffold plates
Studying Protein Tyrosine O‐Sulfation in Mammalian Cells with Genetically Encoded Sulfotyrosine
Authors: He Xinyuan , Guo Jiantao , Niu Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProtein tyrosine O‐sulfation (PTS) is a post‐translational modification (PTM) that occurs exclusively on secreted and membrane‐bound proteins. It participates in a wide range of important biological processes and is involved in the development of many diseases. The biomedical importance of PTS can only be fully unveiled when the right chemical/biological tools are available. This article outlines the steps for using an engineered Escherichia coli tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase to genetically encode sulfotyrosine (sTyr) for biological investigations of PTS in mammalian cells. Two basic protocols are described to demonstrate this methodology, including the site‐specific incorporation of sTyr into eGFP protein in HEK293T cells and the functional study of an sTyr‐containing CXCR4 protein using a calcium mobilization assay. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Site‐specific incorporation of sTyr into eGFPBasic Protocol 2: Functional study of site‐specifically sulfated CXCR4
Azido Functionalized Nucleosides Linked to Controlled Pore Glass as Suitable Starting Materials for Oligonucleotide Synthesis by the Phosphoramidite Approach
Authors: Müggenburg Frederik , Biallas Alexander , Debiais Mégane , Smietana Michael , Müller Sabine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt has long been debated whether easily reducible azide groups can withstand the conditions of oligonucleotide synthesis by phosphoramidite chemistry. We have synthesized various 2′‐ and 3′‐azido modified nucleosides and immobilized them on controlled pore glass (CPG) to be used as starting material for the synthesis of oligonucleotides (ONs) with 3′‐terminal azide (attached to C2′ or C3′). In a model study, immobilized 3′‐azidoadenosine was used as a starting block for the synthesis of a series of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) of increasing length. Upon synthesis, the ODNs were enzymatically digested into monomers and analyzed by RP‐HPLC. A peak corresponding to 3′‐azidoadenosine was clearly identified in all samples. Quantitative analysis showed that 3′‐azidoadenosine was present in nearly the expected ratio to deoxycytidine, which was used as an internal standard. Most importantly, the ratio remained the same for all three ODNs regardless of their length, demonstrating that a higher number of coupling cycles does not lead to higher degradation of the azide. Thus, 2′‐ or 3′‐azido nucleosides attached to a solid support are excellent starting materials for the synthesis of oligonucleotides with 3′‐terminal azide.
Chemogenetic inhibition of trigeminal ganglion neurons attenuates behavioural and neural pain responses in a model of trigeminal neuropathic pain
Authors: Korczeniewska Olga A. , James Morgan H. , Eliav Tali , Katzmann Rider Giannina , Mehr Jacqueline B. , Affendi Hafsa , Aston‐Jones Gary , Benoliel Rafael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNerve injury can lead to ectopic activation of injured nociceptorsand central sensitization characterized by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Reduction in the activity of primary afferent neurons has been shown to be sufficient in alleviating peripherally generated pain. The cell bodies of such trigeminal nociceptors are located in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) with central processes that terminate in the brainstem trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). The TG is therefore a strategic locus where afferent input can be manipulated. We hypothesized that chemogenetic inhibition of TG would suppress TNC neuronal activity and attenuate pain behaviour in a rat model of painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN).MethodsTrigeminal neuropathic pain was induced in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 24) via chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (ION‐CCI). Naïve and sham rats were used as controls (n = 20/group). Rats within each group received TG‐directed microinjections of AAV virus containing either the inhibitory hM4Di‐DREADD construct or EGFP.ResultsIn the ION‐CCI group, systemic administration of the DREADD agonist clozapine N‐oxide (CNO) reversed the hypersensitivity phenotype in animals expressing hM4Di but not EGFP. CNO‐mediated activation of hM4Di DREADD in ION‐CCI animals was also associated with reduced Fos expression in the TNC elicited by repeated mechanical stimulation of the dermatome ipsilateral to the injury. There was no effect of CNO on pain behaviour or TNC Fos expression in eGFP animals.ConclusionOur results indicate that DREADDs may offer an effective therapeutic approach for treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain.SignificanceTrigeminal neuropathic pain is highly resistant to therapy and we are in dire need of novel approaches. This study provides further evidence for the successful application of DREADDs as an effective tool for modulating central nervous system function. CNO mediated activation of hM4Di‐DREADDs in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) attenuates nerve injury induced neuropathic pain by acting on hyperactive TG cells. It also establishes the TG as an effective target to manage pain in the face and head. Accessing the TG in clinical populations is a relatively simple and safe procedure, making this approach highly significant. Moreover, the methodology described here has applications in trigeminal neuropathic pain from traumatic other etiologies and in spinal neuropathic pain. Chronic pain syndromes are characterized by a progressive failure of brain centers to adequately inhibit pain and as these are identified, we may be able to target them for therapy. Therefore, our findings might have wide application in chronic pain syndromes.
What's luck got to do with it? Commentary on Rowland and Spaniol (2021)
Authors: von der Gracht Heiko A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis commentary refers to the retrospective review by Rowland and Spaniol in Futures and Foresight Science (2021), which provides interesting insights into Kees van der Heijden's character and work 25 years after his famous book Scenarios: The art of strategic conversation was first published. The commentator draws on his own personal experience of Kees' work and book, including a seminar with him at the University of Oxford in 2011, as well as applying the book's fundamentals in his own research and advisory work over the past ten years.
Second law analysis of pseudo‐plastic nanofluid stream past a stretching sheet with a sliding consequence
Authors: Dey Debasish , Hazarika Madhurya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe entropy generation (second law of thermodynamics) analysis of gyrotactic microorganism flow of power‐law nanofluid with slip effects and combined effect of heat and mass transfer past a stretching sheet has been studied. The flow is maintained with Lorentz force and thermal radiation. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The impact of different physical parameters, such as convective bouncy parameter, power‐law parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and slip parameter for velocity and temperature on the entropy generation number (Ns) are plotted graphically with the help of MATLAB built in bvp4c solver technique. Further, the uniqueness of this study is to find out the ratios of various irreversibilities due to thermal and mass diffusions, momentum diffusion, and microorganism over the total entropy generation rate. Our results showed that the power‐law parameter and Brownian motion parameter influenced entropy generation positively. The slip parameter for velocity and temperature and the thermophoresis parameter helps to reduce the entropy production.
How powerful are fiscal and monetary policies in a directed technical change model with humans and robots?
Authors: Afonso Oscar , Forte Rosa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe develop a dynamic general equilibrium model where robots can be substituted for unskilled labour and public authorities can use fiscal and monetary policies to influence the macroeconomic aggregates. We show that an increase in the use of robots increases the competitiveness of the unskilled sector and decreases the technological knowledge gap. However, under substitutability, unskilled workers are replaced by robots, and due to the magnitude of this effect the wage inequality increases. To mitigate this impact, public authorities can resort to fiscal and monetary policies. For instance, taxation on robots will induce the substitution of robots by unskilled labour, thus benefiting the unskilled labour—relative employment and wages.
Local‐scale rainy season onset detection: A new approach based on principal component analysis and its application to Vietnam
Authors: Pham‐Thanh Ha , Phan‐Van Tan , Fink Andreas H. , van der Linden Roderick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn rain‐fed farming systems, the rainy season onset date (RSOD) is of utmost importance. RSODs are often defined by applying fixed thresholds to station data or by quantifying changes in the large‐scale atmospheric circulation between the dry and wet seasons. In this study, a new improved approach is proposed and applied to determine RSODs for Vietnam based on daily rainfall station data for the period 1979–2019. In this approach, the inter‐annual similarity between station‐based RSODs and regional‐scale RSOD signal, obtained by applying principal component analysis to multiple fields, was examined. The method allows to quantify the sensitivity of RSODs to three thresholds chosen; the rainfall amount of an initial wet spell (P), the number of wet days (N), and duration of control period (D). It is demonstrated that the sensitivity to the choice of the thresholds varies across stations and sub‐regions. In particular, P is a principal parameter to determine RSODs with the significant control at 66.4% stations over entire Vietnam. While D plays an important role at 55.7% stations, and N seems to be less important, which influences only 31.3% stations. The results also reflected that the selected optimal criteria for each station captured very well the rainy seasonal cycle of Vietnam. Trends towards earlier onset dates are found for large parts of central Vietnam, whereas several northern stations show a trend towards later onsets. The new method can be applied to other monsoon regions to define more spatially coherent thresholds to define local, agriculturally relevant rainy season onsets.