bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling Atrioventricular Block Risk in Inflammatory Diseases: Systemic Inflammation Acutely Delays Atrioventricular Conduction via a Cytokine‐Mediated Inhibition of Connexin43 Expression
Authors: Lazzerini Pietro Enea , Acampa Maurizio , Cupelli Michael , Gamberucci Alessandra , Srivastava Ujala , Nanni Claudio , Bertolozzi Iacopo , Vanni Francesca , Frosali Alessandro , Cantore Anna , Cartocci Alessandra , D’Errico Antonio , Salvini Viola , Accioli Riccardo , Verrengia Decoroso , Salvadori Fabio , Dokollari Aleksander , Maccherini Massimo , El‐Sherif Nabil , Laghi‐Pasini Franco , Capecchi Pier Leopoldo , Boutjdir Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Background
Recent data suggest that systemic inflammation can negatively affect atrioventricular conduction, regardless of acute cardiac injury. Indeed, gap‐junctions containing connexin43 coupling cardiomyocytes and inflammation‐related cells (macrophages) are increasingly recognized as important factors regulating the conduction in the atrioventricular node. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute impact of systemic inflammatory activation on atrioventricular conduction, and elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results
We analyzed: (1) the PR‐interval in patients with inflammatory diseases of different origins during active phase and recovery, and its association with inflammatory markers; (2) the existing correlation between connexin43 expression in the cardiac tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the changes occurring in patients with inflammatory diseases over time; (3) the acute effects of interleukin(IL)‐6 on atrioventricular conduction in an in vivo animal model, and on connexin43 expression in vitro. In patients with elevated C‐reactive protein levels, atrioventricular conduction indices are increased, but promptly normalized in association with inflammatory markers reduction, particularly IL‐6. In these subjects, connexin43 expression in PBMC, which is correlative of that measured in the cardiac tissue, inversely associated with IL‐6 changes. Moreover, direct IL‐6 administration increased atrioventricular conduction indices in vivo in a guinea pig model, and IL‐6 incubation in both cardiomyocytes and macrophages in culture, significantly reduced connexin43 proteins expression.

Conclusions
The data evidence that systemic inflammation can acutely worsen atrioventricular conduction, and that IL‐6‐induced down‐regulation of cardiac connexin43 is a mechanistic pathway putatively involved in the process. Though reversible, these alterations could significantly increase the risk of severe atrioventricular blocks during active inflammatory processes.
Comparison of Long‐Term Outcomes for Responders Versus Non‐Responders Following Renal Denervation in Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Fengler Karl , Reimann Paul , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , Blazek Stephan , Unterhuber Matthias , Besler Christian , von Roeder Maximilian , Böhm Michael , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger , Lurz Philipp 
Published: October 2021

Background
Recent trial results support the efficacy of renal sympathetic denervation in lowering blood pressure (BP). While BP reduction in general is associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality, such a relationship has not been described for patients undergoing renal sympathetic denervation.

Methods and Results

Clinical events were assessed in patients who underwent renal sympathetic denervation at our center using telephone‐ and clinical follow‐up, interviews with general practitioners, as well as review of hospital databases. Event rates were compared between BP responders (≥5 mm Hg 24‐hour ambulatory BP reduction) and non‐responders; 296 patients were included. Compared with baseline, 24‐hour systolic ambulatory BP was reduced by 8.3±12.2 mm Hg and diastolic BP by 4.8±7.0 mm Hg (
P
<0.001 for both) after 3 months. One hundred eighty patients were classified as BP responders and 116 as non‐responders. During a median follow‐up time of 48 months, significantly less major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, critical limb ischemia, renal failure) occurred in responders than in non‐responders (22 versus 23 events, hazard ratio [HR], 0.53 [95% CI, 0.28 to 0.97],
P
=0.041). This was consistent after adjustment for potential confounders as well as confirmed by propensity‐score matching. A proportional relationship was found between BP reduction after 3 months and frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.97] per 10 mm Hg 24‐hour systolic ambulatory BP reduction).

Conclusions
Based on these observational data, blood pressure response to renal sympathetic denervation is associated with improved long‐term clinical outcome.
The Rhetorical Self in Tannaitic Halakha
Authors: Rosen-Zvi Ishay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The halakhic practice does more than regulating the inner world; it takes part in forming it, generating a unique legal subject. But is there a unique halakhic Self? This article examines this question in the context of Tannaitic halakha, both Mishnaic and Midrashic. More specifically I ask whether one can speak of subjectivity in Tannaitic halakha. I study the relationship between anonymous halakhic rulings and specific positions presented in the name of individual sages or argued with the force of personal commitment. Through analyzing the “I” language in Tannaitic literature, in comparison with the rhetoric of prerabbinic halakha, I wish to advance the ongoing search for the rabbinic Self.
“May My Musings Please Him” (Psalm 104:34)
Authors: Hartenstein Friedhelm 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article examines the use of the verbs of “meditation” śyḥ and hgh and the corresponding nouns, especially in the Psalms and the Hodayot. Focusing on “meditation” sheds light on the constitution and transformation of an inner self-awareness in Judaism during the Second Temple period. In addition, this article draws on insights from historical and philosophical anthropology to support and deepen the argument. The article examines four Psalms groups from the Hebrew Bible and the Hodayot in order to reveal conceptual and terminological continuity as well as a more precise understanding of reflective literary practices in early Jewish scribal culture.
From an Aristotelian Ordo Essendi to Relation: Shifting Paradigms in the Study of Religions in the Light of the Sociology of Knowledge
Authors: Krüger Oliver 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article raises the question of how the multiplication of topics, turns, and perspectives in the currents of the study of religions can be explained. After the concept of a paradigm shift (Thomas Kuhn) is introduced, the study examines the epistemological consequences of the question What is religion? It is based on analyzing the practice of defining “religion” in German-language encyclopedias of the past three centuries. Surprisingly, the structure of these articles is largely persistent throughout this long period and consists mainly of etymology, definition (Wesensbestimmung), and a typology of “religion.” From this, an Aristotelian paradigm can be deduced. The claim for universality entailed in this paradigm ultimately led to a crisis and since the 1960s the study of religions has developed alternative approaches that emphasize aspects of human interaction, communication, and reciprocal relationships. I propose to subsume these new perspectives under the term “a relational paradigm.” Examples and consequences for this paradigm are offered in the conclusion.
The Fresco Cycle of Saint Maria Maddalena De’ Pazzi (1566–1607)
Authors: Shalit-Kollender Michal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Saint Maria Maddalena de’ Pazzi, a Florentine Carmelite nun and mystic, was recognized as a saint in 1669. After her canonization, a church in Florence was renovated and renamed Santa Maria Maddalena de’ Pazzi, and new artworks were commissioned for it. This article will explore in detail a series of ten frescoes on the top section of the walls in the church, part of the renovation. Although these works are part of the saint’s public iconography and depict major narratives of her cult, they have not been studied in depth to date. Though the scenes have meaning to a general Catholic audience, they appeal to different audiences—the Carmelite nuns, the local Florentine population, and the post-Counter Reformation believer—to differing degrees, the scenes with Jesuit undertones aimed particular at the latter group.
Muddled Facts and Values: Positivism, Egoism, and Anthropocentrism in the Anthropocene
Authors: Santiago-Ávila Francisco J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
I review biologist Chris D. Thomas’s book (2017) Inheritors of the Earth: How Nature is Thriving in an Age of Extinction and discuss its exposition and prescriptions. Thomas presents a fantastic exposition of the contemporary scientific literature documenting the biological gains mediated by human impacts on the nonhuman world. However, his prescriptions for a conservation ethic leave much to be desired. Thomas employs a philosophically narrow, positivist, and egoist approach to what is relevant when dealing with other sentient, sapient, and often social nonhuman beings. This culminates in an explicitly anthropocentric ethic that dismisses our moral obligations to nonhumans, both as individuals and collectives.
In Plain Sight: A New Approach to Reading Muzhiming, Using Shangguan Wan’er 上官婉兒 (664–710) as a Case Study
Authors: Choo Jessey J.C. , Ditter Alexei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this article we focus on the constructedness of Shangguan Wan’er’s 上官婉兒 representation in her muzhiming, moving beyond what information is communicated within a muzhiming 墓志銘 to explore how it is communicated, to whom, and why. We begin by providing an overview of Shangguan’s muzhiming and its content. We then analyze “irregularities” in her muzhiming: the unusual length of its genealogy section, discrepancies in its diction, and strange lacunae and ambiguities. Finally, we place Shangguan’s muzhiming alongside Zhang Yue’s 張說 (667–730) “Stele Elegy for Lady Shangguan” and “Preface to the Collected Works of Lady Shangguan.” Focusing on differences in how these texts framed, described, and evaluated Shangguan Wan’er’s life, we explore traces preserved in the muzhiming of negotiations surrounding the construction of her memory. We conclude with a summation of our approach’s contributions to understanding Shangguan Wan’er, broader discourse about women power-brokers in Chinese history, and practices of representation and memory in medieval China.
דימון (Isa 15:9) and להמנות (Qoh 1:15): On Dialectal Wordplay and Nasal Spreading in the Bible
Authors: Steiner Richard C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biblical punsters occasionally moved beyond the confines of Standard Biblical Hebrew, producing dialectal wordplay. In a number of cases, the nonstandard form is a phonological variant from another dialect. The best-known examples of this type involve dialectal differences in diphthong contraction (monophthongization). Less attention has been paid to cases involving a phonological process called nasal spreading, known from Old Canaanite, Hebrew, Aramaic, etc. One product of this process is the toponym דימון in מֵי דִימוֹן מָלְאוּ דָם, “the waters of Dimon are full of blood” (Isa 15:9), referring to the Moabite town of Dibon. The form דימון was a phonological variant of דיבון, a dialectal form used in a prophecy against Moab to emphasize the appropriateness of the punishment. Another example is found in חֶסְרוֹן לֹא יוּכַל לְהִמָּנוֹת (Qoh 1:15), which means both “an incalculable loss” and “an irreplaceable loss.” In the second meaning, להמנות is a dialectal form of להמל(א)ות, “be made good,” a phonological variant produced by nasal spreading.
Paleographic Style and the Forms and Functions of the Dead Sea Psalm Scrolls: A Hand Fitting for the Occasion?
Authors: Longacre Drew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this article I apply stylistic paleographic analysis to the Dead Sea Psalm scrolls, proposing conventional usage registers for different types and levels of scripts. I argue that more formal scripts were normally used for large presentation copies of known versions of the Davidic psalter, while less formal scripts were frequently used for smaller, textually distinctive manuscripts. This observation aids in the interpretation of the forms and functions of the majority of Dead Sea Psalm scrolls that follow this pattern and highlights exceptional cases worthy of further investigation.
Do Not be Ashamed of Rendering Judgment to Acquit the Wicked? On Sirach 42:2
Authors: Darshan Guy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The literary unit Sir 42:1–8 opens with the instruction not to be ashamed of keeping the Torah and commandments (42:2), and proceeds to list a series of actions that one should perform without embarrassment. Oddly enough, the second half of 42:2 instructs not to be ashamed “of rendering judgment to acquit the wicked,” על משפט להצדיק רשע. While this verse cannot be explained by the hermeneutic maneuver of changing the simple meaning of the Hebrew term רשע or the syntactic function of the lamed in להצדיק, I propose employing a text-critical approach in order to resolve the difficulty it presents. The emendation suggested in this paper subsequently helps us identify the biblical verses that served as the source of inspiration for the verse in Sirach (Ps 82:2–3), and the midrashic interpretation this verse was given in a later text (Rom 4:5).
The Literary History of 2 Sam 8:1b–14 and the Old Sabaic Royal Summary Inscription RES 3945/3946
Authors: Tafferner Mario 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this essay, I explore the literary background of 2 Sam 8:1b–14. The Old Sabaic royal summary inscription RES 3945/3946 exhibits significant structural and compositional parallels to the summary account of David’s achievements. I argue that the quantity and quality of such similarities firmly locates the writing practices underlying the literary history of 2 Sam 8:1b–14 within a scribal tradition of narrating royal accomplishments shared in Israel and Ancient South Arabia. Based on this historical approximation, it is possible to revisit the problem of the passage’s literary shape and position within the book of Samuel.
Beiträge zum Wortschatz des Alten Testaments: Das Hapax legomenon פְּתִיגִיל in Jesaja 3,24
Authors: Theis Christoffer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In Isa 3:24 there is a hapax legomenon
פְּתִיגִיל, which so far could not be explained convincingly. This short note suggests to explain the word’s etymology from Napatan tgr “chain” in combination with the Egyptian article pꜣ.
Getting Steamy in Amnon’s Chamber: Philological and Metaphorical Observations on 2 Samuel 13
Authors: Brownsmith Esther 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
2 Samuel 13:1–19 presents us with dueling perspectives on a rape scene. Despite Tamar’s protests, the narrative voice reflects Prince Amnon’s lustful viewpoint, in which he and Tamar are acting out a scene of steamy seduction. Within this framework, the unexpectedly detailed description of Tamar preparing the dumplings deserves more attention. I examine the Hebrew words לְבִבוֹת (“heart-cakes”), יצק (“to pour out”), and מַשְׂרֵת (traditionally, “baking pan”), offering a philological explanation of their associations that diverges from much modern scholarship. This new understanding of the food-preparation scene makes it clear that Tamar’s actions are a narratively realized metaphor: in preparing the food to be consumed, she is preparing herself to be consumed erotically—at least, as viewed by Amnon. In other words, using the language of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Tamar is the cake.
“If Your Hand Causes You to Stumble, Cut It Off”
Authors: Llewelyn Stephen Robert , Robinson William 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A number of Jesus’ sayings have been taken to be instances of hyperbole. Mark 9:43–47 is so construed by many. The present article uses Relevance Theory and other work on hyperbole to define its scalar nature and expressive function. The encoded meanings of language and the roles of co-text (discursive factors) and context (non-discursive factors) in inferring meaning are investigated in relation to Mark 9:43–47 and its synoptic parallels. It is concluded that considerations of language and co-text provide no evidence that Mark 9:43–47 is hyperbolic; if it was construed as hyperbolic by the Markan audience, the reason for this lies in its now unknown context of utterance. The opposite is the case with Matthew’s treatments of the saying. He provides a co-text that prompts for a spiritualised and thus metaphorical interpretation of it.
A Roman Portrait of Abraham in Paul’s and Philo’s Later Exegesis
Authors: Niehoff Maren R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes Bible exegesis as a key to understand the increasingly Roman orientation of Paul. Philo of Alexandria, Paul’s slightly older contemporary, is introduced as a point of comparison, as his move from the earlier Allegorical Commentary to the Life of Abraham clearly documents an intellectual journey towards Roman discourses, which is characteristic also of Paul. The argument is presented in three steps: initially the image of Abraham in Galatians is compared to that in Romans and the new discourse of exemplarity in the latter is highlighted. In the second section Philo’s image of Abraham is analyzed in its dramatic change from systematic Bible commentary to exemplary ethics. The third section deals with the Roman context. The latter is illuminated by looking at some passages in Philo’s later treatise Every Good Man is Free, which addresses Roman audiences on their own turf by discussing Greek and Roman heroes. It is shown that these Pagan portraits are animated by the same discourse of exemplarity as Philo’s and Paul’s Roman portrait of Abraham in their later exegesis. As the Pagan anecdotes have parallels in Roman literature, they provide a context for Paul’s and Philo’s exegesis in a Roman key.
Is it heterochrony? Populational differences in tadpole of Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: Uchôa Lucas Rafael , Costa Claylton , Sena Felipe , Andrade Etielle 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Corythomantis greeningi is a hylid widely distributed in the xerophilic and sub-humid morphoclimatic regions of northeastern Brazil. The morphology of C. greeningi tadpoles were described from specimens collected in the Bahia, however, we observed some differences in morphology of individuals from Piauí, northeastern Brazil. The tadpoles were collected during the 2019 rainy season and 14 individuals were used to compare the larval characters. We observed differences in external, internal oral and chondrocranial morphology in relation to specimens previously described, especially in oral disc, number and shape of oral cavity papillae and some chondrocranium structures, suggesting a heterochrony in the development of the species. Further studies involving a greater number of tadpoles at different stages, combined with genetic, acoustic, and morphological factors of adult may establish the variation degree of C. greeningi in different regions of northeastern Brazil.
Pharmacotherapeutics in clinical ethology: treatment efficacy, clinical pathology and outcome
Authors: Overall Karen L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The use of psychopharmaceutical agents is a core aspect of treatment in veterinary behavioural medicine. Psychotropic medication use has shifted the focus of treatment from purely behavioural and environmental interventions to a multi-modal approach. Objective measures of efficacy are required for the licensing of medication. Pharmacotherapeutics have come to encompass supplements and diets, in addition to prescription medications. The first part of this paper examines the efficacy of medications, supplements and diets used in behavioural medicine. Foci include the role of evolution in the types of behavioural concerns reported, the importance of defining abnormal or pathological behaviour, use of terminology that supports stratified mechanistic diagnoses aid in understanding presentation and response clusters, and rational use of medication to relieve emotional, mental and behavioural suffering, given these diagnoses and clusters. The second part of this paper examines the extent to which variation in patient response to medication can enlighten us about mechanisms and outcomes of distress using a series of 3 patient populations who are the focus of studies on separation anxiety and noise reactivity. This response surface approach can be useful for understanding differences in populations in susceptibility to behavioural pathology and in medication response, and may suggest new avenues for drug development and application.
A case of male infanticide in captive sika deer (Cervus nippon)
Authors: Pluháček Jan , Blahutová Blanka , Bartoš Luděk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Male infanticide has been reported in wide range of mammalian taxa however it remains very rare in even-toed ungulates where it was documented in two species only. Among six hypotheses explaining this phenomenon, the sexual selection hypothesis is supported by the largest evidence in mammals. Here, we report the first case of male infanticide in sika deer (Cervus nippon) which occurred at Ostrava Zoo. At the end of rutting season, new male had been joined with two pregnant females that successfully gave birth and reared offspring in his presence then. However, in the next season, the same male attacked and killed his own newborn female offspring. Since this male was separated from the herd for most of the time in the rut, we argue that he could be confused about paternity. Therefore, this case of infanticide might be driven by the same mechanism as that which is in line with the sexual selection hypothesis. In addition, based on our evidence we cannot reject the social pathology hypothesis as an alternative explanation.
Description of Trichodorus marylandi n. sp. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Maryland, USA
Authors: Decraemer Wilfrida , Kantor Mihail R. , Handoo Zafar A. , Subbotin Sergei A. 
Published: October 2021

Summary
During nematode surveys in natural vegetation, a new species, described herein as Trichodorus marylandi n. sp., was identified in addition to Paratrichodorus species and Nanidorus minor from Maryland, USA, and three putative new Trichodorus species from California. Trichodorus marylandi n. sp. is about 1 mm long with a medium-sized onchiostyle 54 (47-59) μm long. Males are characterised by a single ventromedian cervical papilla located anterior to the secretory-excretory pore, all three ventromedian precloacal supplements located anterior to the retracted spicules, and spicules 42 (38-44) μm long showing a minor indentation at the level of the posterior border of the capsule of the protractor muscles. Females possess a short barrel-shaped vagina when the body is relaxed, and two sublateral body pores on each side, one up to four body diam. anterior to the vulva and one advulvar in position. A rare observation of a ‘hood’ ventrally attached to a moulting male juvenile was observed and illustrated. Trichodorus marylandi n. sp. is morphologically closest to T. obtusus. Based on recent information gained from molecular data for Trichodorus species that has revealed the occurrence of several cryptic species, T. proximus is temporarily accepted as a valid species until molecular data become available from topotype specimens. Phylogenetic relationships within trichodorids, as inferred from the analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and ITS2 rRNA gene analysis and a statistical parsimony network showing the phylogenetic relationships between COI haplotypes of T. obtusus and T. marylandi n. sp., are also provided.