bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Central Case Methodology in Discrimination Law
Authors: Atrey Shreya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The central case methodology captures the features that something must have in order for it to be that thing. As applied to the field of discrimination law, the methodology helps identify both the central cases of discrimination as well as the key features of discrimination law which address such discrimination. Theorists typically conceive central cases of discrimination law from norms prohibiting discrimination on particular grounds, such as race or sex. This gives the impression that discrimination based on more than one ground is not a central case of discrimination or not prohibited by discrimination law. This article challenges that impression. It argues that, although discrimination based on a combination of grounds (‘intersectional discrimination’) is considered no more than a peripheral case in discrimination law, it should actually be considered ‘more than’ a central case itself. This is because it is epistemically able to capture discrimination in a wider sense. With this, the article seeks to orientate the theoretical discourse in discrimination law to the correct application of the central case methodology which necessitates the consideration of intersectional discrimination.
An atypical presentation ofSalmonella entericaser Dublin in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Janvier Adrien L , Ehsan Amrat , Shah Sajid H 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTMycotic aneurysms of the carotid artery are a rare entity that can be fatal if not diagnosed promptly. We present a 60-year-old man with a tender left-sided neck mass due to a ruptured aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery. Cultures taken intraoperatively grew Salmonella enterica ser Dublin.
Pivotal role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a new case of Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Almasi Simin , Asadian Sanaz , Tabesh Faezeh , Rabiei Parham , Rezaeian Nahid 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Takayasu arteritis (TA), also known as the pulseless disease, is a form of vasculitis of unknown cause that chiefly affects the aorta and its major branches, most frequently in young women. The earliest detectable abnormality in TA is a thickening of the vessel wall, but diffuse aortic wall calcification is very rare and is a late manifestation. Besides, the involvement of the coronary arteries is not a common finding in TA and frequently involves the right coronary artery (RCA). Multi-modality imaging has a fundamental role in the diagnosis of vasculitis and its complications. In this report, we want to present an unusual case with TA, diffuse aortic wall calcification and left main coronary artery ostial lesion, which is a rare combination.
Deep learning quantified mucus-tumor ratio predicting survival of patients with colorectal cancer using whole-slide images
Authors: Zhao Ke , Wu Lin , Huang Yanqi , Yao Su , Xu Zeyan , Lin Huan , Wang Huihui , Liang Yanting , Xu Yao , Chen Xin , Zhao Minning , Peng Jiaming , Huang Yuli , Liang Changhong , Li Zhenhui , Li Yong , Liu Zaiyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
In colorectal cancer (CRC), mucinous adenocarcinoma differs from other adenocarcinomas in gene-phenotype, morphology, and prognosis. However, mucinous components are present in a large number of adenocarcinomas, and the prognostic value of mucus proportion has not been investigated. Artificial intelligence provides a way to quantify mucus proportion on whole-slide images (WSIs) accurately. We aimed to quantify mucus proportion by deep learning and further investigate its prognostic value in two CRC patient cohorts.

Methods
Deep learning was used to segment WSIs stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Mucus-tumor ratio (MTR) was defined as the proportion of mucinous component in the tumor area. A training cohort (N = 419) and a validation cohort (N = 315) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of MTR. Survival analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Result
Patients were stratified to mucus-low and mucus-high groups, with 24.1% as the threshold. In the training cohort, patients with mucus-high had unfavorable outcomes (hazard ratio for high vs. low 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.18–2.99, P = 0.008), with 5-year overall survival rates of 54.8% and 73.7% in mucus-high and mucus-low groups, respectively. The results were confirmed in the validation cohort (2.09, 1.21–3.60, 0.008; 62.8% vs. 79.8%). The prognostic value of MTR was maintained in multivariate analysis for both cohorts.

Conclusion
The deep learning quantified MTR was an independent prognostic factor in CRC. With the advantages of advanced efficiency and high consistency, our method is suitable for clinical application and promotes precision medicine development.
Pre-Outpatient Group Education and Assessment in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mullins Cormac Francis , Bak Braydon , Moore David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Pre-outpatient interventions in chronic pain have the potential to improve patient self-management earlier in primary or secondary care, which may minimize pain chronicity and negative health outcomes. The literature for this is sparse, and there are no existing systematic reviews on this topic.

Methods
The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the evidence for pre-outpatient group interventions in chronic pain.

Results
We identified four studies that looked at this: two randomized control trials, one prospective observational study, and one descriptive study. We identified high-quality evidence that a pre-outpatient group intervention reduces waiting times, moderate-quality evidence that it results in reduced costs per patient, very low-quality evidence that it reduces health care utilization, and very low-quality evidence that it improves service throughput. There were moderate-to-low levels of participant engagement with the initiative, which varied across the included studies. For patient outcome measures, we found no evidence that a pre-outpatient group intervention improves pain intensity, very low-quality evidence that it improves pain-related interference, low-quality evidence that it increases use of pain management strategies and produces high satisfaction levels, low-quality evidence that it improves pain self-efficacy, and no evidence that it improves psychological distress.

Conclusions
Group interventions before individual appointments have the potential to provide important improvements in service delivery, including improvements in waiting times and cost per patient. Benefits for patient outcome measures are less clear. Clinical heterogeneity and high levels of bias existed in the included studies. Further research is required so that meaningful conclusions can be made about these interventions.
A clinical audit into the adherence of foot health management standards of rheumatoid arthritis compared with the foot health management standards of diabetes mellitus in North-East London
Authors: Joyce Christopher , Rajak Rizwan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesRA has an affinity for smaller joints, thus its effect on the foot/ankle is widely known. Despite this, there is lack of adherence to foot management standards by podiatrists. This research aimed to audit the adherence to these standards and compare them with well-established adherence to management standards in the diabetic foot.MethodsIn this clinical audit, data were obtained via six National Health Service (NHS) podiatry departments in North-East London on service provision, management, treatment and professional development on both RA and diabetic foot health via foot management clinical audit tools. Descriptive analyses were conducted and analysed to identify patterns and trends, with set standard compliance conditions calculated on the Net Promotor Score (NPS) metric to allow for multi-comparison.ResultsAll areas of RA foot health management were found to have poor compliance when compared with diabetes foot health management. When using NPS, no trust audited met the majority of foot health standards in RA, with only two having a positive score (meeting the minimum standards), compared with all trusts posting a positive NPS on diabetes foot health standards.ConclusionOur results indicate that poor compliance to RA foot health standards is prevalent across the audited region and might be resulting in worsening foot outcomes despite a paradigm shift in other areas of RA management. Enhanced training and knowledge are required for better adherence to the standards set out and to improve foot health management in RA.
Choosing Wisely For Critical Care: The Next Five
Authors: Zimmerman Jerry J. , Harmon Lori A. , Smithburger Pamela L. , Chaykosky Darlene , Heffner Alan C. , Hravnak Marilyn , Kane Jason M. , Kayser Joshua B. , Lane-Fall Meghan B. , Matos Renee I. , Mauricio Riza V. , Murphy David J. , Nurok Michael , Reddy Anita J. , Ringle Eric , Seferian Edward G. , Smalls-Mantey Norma M. , To Kathleen B. , Kaplan Lewis J. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To formulate new “Choosing Wisely” for Critical Care recommendations that identify best practices to avoid waste and promote value while providing critical care.

DATA SOURCES:
Semistructured narrative literature review and quantitative survey assessments.

STUDY SELECTION:
English language publications that examined critical care practices in relation to reducing cost or waste.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Practices assessed to add no value to critical care were grouped by category. Taskforce assessment, modified Delphi consensus building, and quantitative survey analysis identified eight novel recommendations to avoid wasteful critical care practices. These were submitted to the Society of Critical Care Medicine membership for evaluation and ranking.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Results from the quantitative Society of Critical Care Medicine membership survey identified the top scoring five of eight recommendations. These five highest ranked recommendations established Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Next Five “Choosing” Wisely for Critical Care practices.

CONCLUSIONS:
Five new recommendations to reduce waste and enhance value in the practice of critical care address invasive devices, proactive liberation from mechanical ventilation, antibiotic stewardship, early mobilization, and providing goal-concordant care. These recommendations supplement the initial critical care recommendations from the “Choosing Wisely” campaign.
An Unusual Case of Gordonia sputi Cerebral Infection
Authors: Santoiemma Phillip P. , Oyon Daniel E. , Tate Matthew C. , Bolon Maureen K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Gordonia sputi is an aerobic, gram-positive, weakly acid fast rod found in soil and water. We present the first known case of G. sputi cerebral infection as a consequence of iatrogenic intrathecal chemotherapy through an Ommaya reservoir. The patient was successfully treated with a 14-day course of antibiotics without any further complications. There is sparse information on both infections due to and treatment of G. sputi. We present our case report as well as a review of the literature on the epidemiology, susceptibility, and treatment recommendations for G. sputi infections.
Possible Neurological Toxicity of Ceftazidime/Avibactam in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Aucoin Alexander , Higuita Nelson Iván Agudelo , White Bryan Pinckney 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As emerging therapies to combat the rise of antimicrobial resistance develop, one of the welcome addition is ceftazidime/avibactam, a novel β-lactamase inhibitor combined with a third-generation cephalosporin. Although the addition of avibactam increases activity against highly resistant organisms, adverse effects associated with ceftazidime can still occur. Ceftazidime has been implicated in the development of a wide range of neurotoxicities, predominately in individuals with renal insufficiency and when extended infusion is used. In this case report, we describe a patient receiving ceftazidime/avibactam for a multidrug-resistant polymicrobial infection. The patient developed an acute kidney injury followed by life-threatening neurotoxicity. This report provides further evidence and reminds practitioners of the importance of closely monitoring the renal function when prescribing ceftazidime/avibactam.
Distribution of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes, Subgenotypes, and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Mutations in Untreated Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B From Mekong Delta
Authors: Nguyen Yen Thi Hai , Diep Yen Ngoc , Huynh Yen Kim , Pham Tam Thi , Nguyen Thang , Tran Dung Thi Ngoc , Tran Le Thi Nhu , Trinh Cua Thi Hong , Cao Nga Minh , Nguyen Bao Thanh 
Published: January 2021

Background
Drug resistance has become a major concern for antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), leading to an increased risk of treatment failure. We aimed to identify the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase mutations and to determine the frequency of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in treatment-naive patients with CHB in Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Methods
Of the 550 drug-naive CHB patients from Mekong Delta, their serum samples were analyzed for HBV DNA mutations, genotypes, and subgenotypes using polymerase chain reaction sequencing.

Results
Of the 550 patients who were infected with either HBV genotype B (72.9%) or genotype C (27.1%), the frequencies of subgenotypes were 19% B1, 3.6% B2, 10.3% B3, 39.8% B4, 0.4% C1, and 26.9% C2. The only mutation that was detected in 54 patients (10.7%) was rtV207M. The rtV207M mutation was found among 13.9% (51/368) of genotype B and among 2.2% (3/137) of genotype C (P < 0.0001).

Discussion
Genotype B and subgenotype B4 are predominant in Mekong Delta. Only 1 mutation rtV207M is discovered in our study. These findings suggest that it is unnecessary to test for HBV resistance mutation before delivering antiviral therapy.
Ursodeoxycholic acid improves pregnancy outcome in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy
Authors: Wang Yan , Peng Xiabiao , Zhang Yongyuan , Yang Qiuchen , Xiao Yuhong , Chen Yuezhou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a common complication in the third trimester of pregnancy, which may result in premature delivery, fetal distress, stillbirth, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a first-line treatment for ICP and has been controversial in improving adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this protocol is to systematically evaluate the effect of UDCA on pregnancy outcomes in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy.

Methods:
To search the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBMDIsc by computer, then to include randomized controlled clinical studies on UDCA for treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy from the establishment of the database to October 1, 2020. Two researchers independently extract and evaluate the data of the included studies, and meta-analysis is conducted on the included literatures using RevMan5.3 software.

Results:
This protocol evaluates the outcome of UDCA in improving ICP by incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women preterm birth rates meconium contamination rate in amniotic fluid incidence of fetal distress scale of newborns scoring <7 in 5-min Apgar incidence of neonatal admission to neonatal intensive care unit.

Conclusion:
This protocol will provide an evidence-based basis for clinical use of UDCA in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy.

Ethics and dissemination:
Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval was not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.

OSF Registration number:
DOI 10.17605 / OSF.IO / BE67H.
Low PRRX1 expression and high ZEB1 expression are significantly correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Ruixue , Liu Yuanqun , Wang Yufei , Wang Xiaolin , Ci Hongfei , Song Chao , Wu Shiwu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) have been observed to play a vital role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in different types of cancer. The microvessel density (MVD) is the most common indicator used to quantify angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate expression of PRRX1 and ZEB1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore associations between these factors and tumor prognosis, EMT markers and angiogenesis.

Methods:
Data for a total of 111 surgically resected NSCLC cases from January 2013 to December 2014 were collected. We used an immunohistochemical method to detect expression levels of PRRX1, ZEB1, and E-cadherin, and to assess MVD (marked by CD34 staining). SPSS 26.0 was employed to evaluate the connection between these factors and clinical and histopathological features, overall survival (OS) and tumor angiogenesis.

Results:
PRRX1 expression was obviously lower in tumor samples than in control samples. Low expression of PRRX1, which was more common in the high-MVD group than in the low-MVD group (P = .009), correlated positively with E-cadherin expression (P < .001). Additionally, we showed that ZEB1 was expressed at higher levels in tumor samples than in normal samples. High expression of ZEB1 was associated negatively with E-cadherin expression (P < .001) and positively associated with high MVD (P = .001). Based on Kaplan-Meier and multivariate survival analyses, we found that PRRX1, ZEB1, E-cadherin and the MVD had predictive value for OS in NSCLC patients.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that PRRX1 and ZEB1 may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
The effect of thermal mineral waters on pain relief, physical function and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Ma Tianwen , Song Xiaopeng , Ma Yuanqiang , Hu Hailong , Bai Hui , Li Yue , Gao Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of thermal mineral waters therapy for pain relief, and functional improvement, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods:
Cochrane Library, Web of science, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials. Study inclusion criteria included assessment of the visual analog scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities scores and the lequesne index to evaluate the effects of thermal mineral waters on pain relief and functional improvement. Also, studies that used the European quality of life 5-dimension scale and health assessment questionnaire to assess the impact of thermal mineral waters therapy on improving QoL were included.

Results:
Sixteen studies were included. A meta-analysis showed that thermal mineral waters therapy could significantly reduce pain as measured visual analog scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities assessments (P < .001). Thermal mineral waters significantly reduced the lequesne index (P < .001) and improved joint function. Finally, compared with a control group, European quality of life 5-dimension scale and health assessment questionnaire improved significantly in patients with OA receiving thermal mineral waters therapy (P
< .05). There is no evidence that thermal mineral waters is unsafe for treating OA.

Conclusion:
Thermal mineral waters therapy is a safe way to relieve pain, improve physical functions, and QoL in patients with OA.
Prognostic factors for postoperative survival in melanoma patients with bone metastasis
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Ren Shihong , Gong Xiaokang , Wang Jiacheng , Zhu Ning , Cai Danyang , Ruan Jianwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Melanoma can spread to the bone by metastasis and is relevant to a poor outcome. However, because of the rarity of melanoma patients with bone metastasis, the prognostic postoperative survival factors of them have not been elucidated. The aim of this special population-based cohort was to elucidate the prognostic factors associated with postoperative survival. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to extract postoperative survival data relating to patients with melanoma and bone metastasis at diagnosis between 2010 and 2016, along with data on a range of potential postoperative prognostic factors. We then investigated the potential postoperative prognostic roles of these factors using a Cox regression model and the Kaplan-Meier analysis. In all, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database included 186 cases. Regarding overall survival, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for the entire cohort were 36.2%, 15.4%, and 9.5%, respectively. Regarding cancer-specific survival, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 42.0%, 23.2%, and 16.6%, respectively. Within a cohort of melanoma patients with bone metastasis after surgery, our analysis showed that a smaller tumor size and the lack of metastases at other sites were predictors of survival.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: Case Series From Oman
Authors: Al Sabahi Amal , Al Maskari Nawal , Al Busaidi Ibrahim , Albiroty Khalil A. , Alkhamisy Ahmed , Al Hinai Karima , Al Hinai Mohammed , Al Mashaikhi Nawal , Alkendi Jalila 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In March 2020, WHO announced Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. During this pandemic, patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have been placed in the “high-risk” category of the population. Although there are numerous publications describing COVID-19 in adult patients, pediatric data are still limited.

Observation:
Herein, we report case series of 5 sickle cell disease Omani children who got infected with COVID-19; illustrating their different ways of presentation, management and highlighting the outcomes.

Conclusion:
Although SCD patients are considered as a high-risk group, all of the observed patients, and whose cases are reported here, have recovered. A large scale of SCD cases should be studied to reach more conclusive results.