bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Jigsaw ‐ a National Youth Mental Health Service
Authors: O'Reilly Aileen , O'Brien Gillian , Moore Jeff , Duffy Joseph , Longmore Paul , Cullinan Sarah , McGrory Siobhán 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThere has been a global movement towards transformation of youth mental health services, but limited information on the core principles and characteristics of these new services is available. Jigsaw is one such service, established in Ireland in 2006, with the intent of creating change in Ireland's system of mental healthcare for 12–25 year olds. The aim of this paper is to describe the evolution of Jigsaw services, which are now firmly embedded in the Irish system of care for young people, and recognized internationally as an established service network.MethodsThis paper describes provides an up‐to‐date description of the Jigsaw service model, key areas of evolution that have shaped this model, and identifies future directions in service development.ResultsKey attributes of the Jigsaw service model including therapeutic service, scope of practice, youth mental health promotion, youth participation, and monitoring/evaluation are described in this paper. Information on key enablers (funding and governance/quality) and service providers is also included.ConclusionsInformation on the core principles and characteristics of youth mental health services is important. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by describing the Jigsaw service model, which continues to evolve so that it is responsive to the needs of young people.
Community composition of ants beneath invasive plant Rosa rugosa
Authors: Grześ Irena M. , Rożej‐Pabijan Elżbieta , Stefanowicz Anna M. , Woch Marcin W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlanting of Japanese rose Rosa rugosa along the Baltic Sea coastline has contributed to the synanthropization of coastal ecosystems. Many ant species inhabiting coastal dunes are rare, have high conservation value and are sensitive to ecosystem disturbances. This short communication presents a study describing the species composition of ground‐nesting ants beneath the invasive plant Rosa rugosa. Twenty‐five paired invaded–native plots were established along the Hel Peninsula in gray and white dunes. We identified a total of 13 species within both the invaded and reference plots, of which 11 species were shared. The difference between reference and invaded plots was tested using permutational multivariate anova based on the Bray–Curtis index dissimilarity matrix. Permutational multivariate anova partitioning showed the greatest component was the residual, and there was no evidence for vegetation type effect. Thus, we did not confirm the negative influence of R. rugosa invasion on the community composition of ground‐nesting ants. Comparing the species composition of invaded and reference plots, we identified a small bias towards a slightly higher frequency of hygrophilous Myrmica species and a higher frequency of the psammophilous ant Lasius psammophilus, which raises the question for future investigations of whether R. rugosa creates nesting microhabitats preferred by hygrophilous ants.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of equine thoracolumbar articular process joint lesions
Authors: Beaumont A. , Bertoni L. , Denoix J. M. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThoracolumbar lesions are common in horses, but their identification and location remain a challenge in field practice. A precise diagnostis improves therapeutic strategy and, thus, the prognosis of affected horses. Although radiography remains the preferred diagnostic imaging modality used for the back, ultrasound is a useful complementary technique that offers valuable information and can be performed as a stand‐alone procedure when high‐output radiographic equipment is not available. The aim of this paper is to describe thoracolumbar articular process joint pathology that can be visualised with ultrasound.
High carbon losses from oxygen‐limited soils challenge biogeochemical theory and model assumptions
Authors: Huang Wenjuan , Wang Kefeng , Ye Chenglong , Hockaday William C. , Wang Gangsheng , Hall Steven J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxygen (O2) limitation contributes to persistence of large carbon (C) stocks in saturated soils. However, many soils experience spatiotemporal O2 fluctuations impacted by climate and land‐use change, and O2‐mediated climate feedbacks from soil greenhouse gas emissions remain poorly constrained. Current theory and models posit that anoxia uniformly suppresses carbon (C) decomposition. Here we show that periodic anoxia may sustain or even stimulate decomposition over weeks to months in two disparate soils by increasing turnover and/or size of fast‐cycling C pools relative to static oxic conditions, and by sustaining decomposition of reduced organic molecules. Cumulative C losses did not decrease consistently as cumulative O2 exposure decreased. After >1 year, soils anoxic for 75% of the time had similar C losses as the oxic control but nearly threefold greater climate impact on a CO2‐equivalent basis (20‐year timescale) due to high methane (CH4) emission. A mechanistic model incorporating current theory closely reproduced oxic control results but systematically underestimated C losses under O2 fluctuations. Using a model‐experiment integration (ModEx) approach, we found that models were improved by varying microbial maintenance respiration and the fraction of CH4 production in total C mineralization as a function of O2 availability. Consistent with thermodynamic expectations, the calibrated models predicted lower microbial C‐use efficiency with increasing anoxic duration in one soil; in the other soil, dynamic organo‐mineral interactions implied by our empirical data but not represented in the model may have obscured this relationship. In both soils, the updated model was better able to capture transient spikes in C mineralization that occurred following anoxic–oxic transitions, where decomposition from the fluctuating‐O2 treatments greatly exceeded the control. Overall, our data‐model comparison indicates that incorporating emergent biogeochemical properties of soil O2 variability will be critical for effectively modeling C‐climate feedbacks in humid ecosystems.
Stoichiometric models of microbial metabolic limitation in soil systems
Authors: Cui Yongxing , Moorhead Daryl L. , Guo Xiaobin , Peng Shushi , Wang Yunqiang , Zhang Xingchang , Fang Linchuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimEcoenzymatic stoichiometry provides a promising avenue for deciphering resource constraints on soil microbial metabolism but is hampered by limitations in current modelling techniques.InnovationHerein we developed new models for quantifying microbial metabolic limitations based on the stoichiometric and metabolic theories of ecology, using an extensive database (n = 2,667) that revealed relationships far from the widely recognized mean ratio of 1:1:1 for carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C : N : P) acquiring enzyme activities. We estimated the balance points of P and N acquisition (x0, y0) in the absence of resource constraints to redefine the boundary between P versus N limitation. We then calculated two alternative boundary conditions defining P versus N limitation by scaling the classic threshold element ratio (TER), generating two new models (TEREEA and TERL). In addition, a new enzyme vector (V‐T) model was devised by correcting traditional vector calculations based on observed enzyme activities against these balance points.Main conclusionsThese three new models more consistently predicted microbial metabolic limitations than the traditional TER and vector models. They also predicted that microbial metabolism in high‐latitude grasslands and low‐latitude forests were predominantly limited by soil N and P, respectively, and that increases in soil organic C with ecosystem development could intensify these limitations. In contrast, fertilizers alleviated these limitations in agricultural ecosystems, suggesting that widespread anthropogenic effects could potentially alter microbial resource limitations even in natural ecosystems. In addition, C limitation to microbial metabolism identified by the new V‐T model showed a consistent negative correlation with microbial C use efficiency among ecosystems, confirming that resource constraints regulate microbial resource allocation. These new models provide more precise predictions of microbial metabolic limitations across a wide range of ecosystems and thus may be useful tools for the study of microbial macroecology.
Convergent patterns of body size variation in distinct parasite taxa with convergent life cycles
Authors: Ni Steven , Doherty Jean‐François , Poulin Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimInterspecific variation among metazoans often follows a latitudinal pattern, with species at higher latitudes being larger bodied than related species from lower latitudes (Bergmann's rule). For parasitic species, body sizes within any higher taxon are often correlated with the body sizes of their hosts (Harrison's rule). Whether temperature‐driven latitudinal effects or host‐driven resource constraints act independently or additively to shape interspecific variation in parasite body sizes remains unknown. We take a comparative approach to test the effects of latitude and host body size on parasite body sizes in two taxa of parasitic worms showing convergent life cycles.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedHairworms (Nematomorpha) and mermithids (Nematoda) parasitic in arthropods.MethodsWith 223 records for mermithids and 258 for nematomorphs world‐wide, we used linear mixed effects models to test the effects of latitude and host body size on parasite length, intraspecific length variation, parasite egg diameter and variation in egg diameter. Furthermore, we modelled parasite length with local mean annual temperature as the predictor instead of latitude, as a direct test of underlying mechanisms. All models took into account host and parasite taxonomic structure within the datasets.ResultsFor both taxa, host body size was clearly the main determinant of parasite body length, with neither latitude nor local temperature (annual mean or range) having an effect. No predictor affected intraspecific length variation, whereas egg diameter was positively associated with parasite length, and variation in egg diameter was negatively associated with latitude.Main conclusionsOur results support a strong role for host traits in shaping the evolution of parasite body sizes (Harrison's rule), but no role for latitude (Bergmann's rule), although these parasites infect ectothermic hosts. At a mechanistic level, the evolutionary driving force of external temperature on parasite physiology seems to be eclipsed by the availability of resources from the host.
Microstructure and ion conductivity of Al‐LLZO solid electrolyte prepared by molten salt and cold sintering process
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Andong , Shi Zongmo , Ge Siyu , Zhang Junzhan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLi7La3Zr2O12 as a feasible solid electrolyte in all solid‐state batteries owns a highly active area of research due to the high Li+ conductivity and the high stability against the metallic Li. The Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 powders were synthesized by using the molten salt method to reduce calcination temperature. And cold sintering was served to densify the powders and obtain the solid‐state electrolyte, which could remedy the shortcoming of the conventional sintering. The influence of cold sintering temperature and holding time on the microstructures and electrochemical properties of Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 electrolyte were explored. The cubic block grains were observed that had a sufficient impact on the ionic conductivity. The results showed that the density and Li+ conductivity of Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte were 3.31 g cm−3 and 9.13 μS cm−1, respectively. This work deepens the understanding of solid electrolytes prepared by the cold sintering process and shows the potential of this technology in terms of electrolytes preparation.
Biochemical properties of type I sourdough affected by wheat bran dietary fibre during fermentation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Ma Sen , Huang Jihong , Li Li , Sun Binghua , Tian Xiaoling , Wang Xiaoxi 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe supplementation of dietary fibre in sourdough is beneficial to increase the nutritional quality of fermented foods. The influence of different wheat bran dietary fibre (WBDF) levels (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) on the biochemical characteristics of sourdough during fermentation was investigated. This study showed that WBDF was slightly resistant to the reduced pH caused by the initial fermentation of sourdough dough. After 6 h of fermentation, whether or not it contained WBDF, the dough’s amylase activity was relatively stable (P > 0.05). However, in the samples containing WBDF, it took longer for the amylase activity to increase from 200 to 300 U g−1. The content of free amino acids in the dough showed a tendency to first decrease and then increase with the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and WBDF could accelerate this rate. This study also provided evidence that insoluble dietary fibre may stimulate the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria.
Streptolysins are the primary inflammasome activators in macrophages during Streptococcus pyogenes infection
Authors: Richter Johanna , Monteleone Mercedes M , Cork Amanda J , Barnett Timothy C , Nizet Victor , Brouwer Stephan , Schroder Kate , Walker Mark J 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram‐positive bacterial pathogen that causes an array of infectious diseases in humans. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that proinflammatory interleukin (IL)‐1β signaling plays an important role in GAS disease progression. The host regulates the production and secretion of IL‐1β via the cytosolic inflammasome pathway. Activation of the NLR family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex requires two signals: a priming signal that stimulates increased transcription of genes encoding the components of the inflammasome pathway, and an activating signal that induces assembly of the inflammasome complex. Here we show that GAS‐derived lipoteichoic acid can provide a priming signal for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. As only few GAS‐derived proteins have been associated with inflammasome‐dependent IL‐1β signaling, we investigated novel candidates that might play a role in activating the inflammasome pathway by infecting mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages and human THP‐1 macrophage‐like cells with a panel of isogenic GAS mutant strains. We found that the cytolysins streptolysin O (SLO) and streptolysin S are the main drivers of IL‐1β release in proliferating logarithmic phase GAS. Using a mutant form of recombinant SLO, we confirmed that bacterial pore formation on host cell membranes is a key mechanism required for inflammasome activation. Our results suggest that streptolysins are major determinants of GAS‐induced inflammation and present an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
Optimal strategies of contract‐farming supply chain under the cooperative mode of bank‐insurance: loan guarantee insurance versus yield insurance
Authors: Shi Ligang , Pang Tao , Peng Hongjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate the impact of two insurance mechanisms: loan guarantee insurance and yield insurance, on a capital‐constrained contract‐farming supply chain where the farmer is risk‐averse and faces yield uncertainty. Using the sequential model, we derive the farmer's optimal farm size, the agrodealer's optimal wholesale price and the insurance company's optimal premium rate. The result shows that under both insurance mechanisms, premium subsidies can promote the farmer to increase the farm size. However, we find that under loan guarantee insurance, when the premium subsidy is relatively high, the farmer's farm size increases with the poor harvest risk. Under yield insurance, the farmer's conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) value increases with respect to the premium subsidy rate. Under loan guarantee insurance, the premium rate increases with respect to the premium subsidy. As a result, the farmer's CVaR value decreases with respect to the premium subsidy rate when it is relatively high. Further analysis indicates that with the same government subsidy expenditure, the efficiency of premium subsidies to increase the farmer's production quantity is better under loan guarantee insurance mode, but the efficiency of premium subsidies to increase the farmer's CVaR value is better under yield insurance.
A hybrid correlative‐mechanistic approach for modeling winter distributions of North American bat species
Authors: McClure Meredith L. , Haase Catherine G. , Hranac Carter Reed , Hayman David T. S. , Dickson Brett G. , McGuire Liam P. , Crowley Daniel , Fuller Nathan W. , Lausen Cori L. , Plowright Raina K. , Olson Sarah H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans and resultant white‐nose syndrome (WNS) continues to advance across North America, infecting new bat hibernacula. Western North America hosts the highest bat diversity in the United States and Canada, yet little is known about hibernacula and hibernation behaviour in this region. An improved understanding of the distribution of suitable hibernacula is critical for land managers to anticipate conservation needs of WNS‐susceptible species in currently uninfected regions.LocationUnited States, Canada.TaxonBats.MethodsWe estimated suitability of potential winter hibernaculum sites across five bat species' ranges. We estimated winter survival capacity from a mechanistic survivorship model based on bat bioenergetics and climate conditions. We then used boosted regression trees to relate these estimates, along with key landscape attributes, to bat occurrence data in a hybrid correlative‐mechanistic approach.ResultsWinter survival capacity, topography, land cover and access to subterranean features were important predictors of winter hibernaculum selection, but the shape and relative importance of these relationships varied amongst species. This suggests that the occurrence of bat hibernacula can, in part, be predicted from readily mapped above‐ground features, not just below‐ground characteristics for which spatial data are lacking. Furthermore, our mechanistic estimate of winter survivorship was, on average, the third strongest predictor of winter occurrence probability across focal species.Main conclusionsWinter distributions of North American bat species were driven by their physiological capacity to survive winter conditions and duration in a given location, as well as selection for topographic and other landscape features but in species‐specific ways. The influence of winter survivorship on several species' distributions, the underlying influence of climate conditions on winter survivorship and the anticipated influence of WNS on bats' hibernation physiology and survivorship together suggest that North American bat distributions may undergo future shifts as these species are exposed not only to WNS but also to climate change.
CDKN1C as a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates and therapeutic responses in breast cancer patients
Authors: Lai Jianguo , Lin Xiaoyi , Cao Fangrong , Mok Hsiaopei , Chen Bo , Liao Ning 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity could not be predicted efficiently. Previous evidence have shown the vital roles of CDKN1C in BC. Therefore, we aimed to construct a CDKN1C‐based model to accurately predicting overall survival (OS) and treatment responses in BC patients. In this study, 995 BC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were selected. Kaplan‐Meier curve, Gene set enrichment and immune infiltrates analyses were executed. We developed a novel CDKN1C‐based nomogram to predict the OS, verified by the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve and decision curve. Therapeutic response prediction was followed based on the low‐ and high‐nomogram score groups. Our results indicated that low‐CDKN1C expression was associated with shorter OS and lower proportion of naïve B cells, CD8 T cells, activated NK cells. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram for 5‐year OS was superior to the tumour‐node‐metastasis stage (area under the curve: 0.746 vs. 0.634, p < 0.001). The nomogram exhibited excellent predictive performance, calibration ability and clinical utility. Moreover, low‐risk patients were identified with stronger sensitivity to therapeutic agents. This tool can improve BC prognosis and therapeutic responses prediction, thus guiding individualized treatment decisions.
Mechanism of piperine in affecting apoptosis and proliferation of gastric cancer cells via ROS‐mitochondria‐associated signalling pathway
Authors: Guo Li , Yang Yi , Sheng YongJia , Wang Jin , Ruan Shuiliang , Han Chenyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPiperine (PIP), the main active ingredient in pepper, belongs to the cinnamamide alkaloid. PIP has been found to have functions, including anti‐oxidation, immune regulation, anti‐tumour and promotion of drug metabolism. The present study was mainly designed to reveal the anti‐tumour effect of PIP against gastric cancer and the relevant mechanism. In brief, the undifferentiated human gastric cancer cell HGC‐27 was used, which was treated with different concentrations of PIP. As a result, PIP could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of HGC‐27 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The mechanism of PIP was associated with ROS increase and mitochondrial damage, simultaneously, the expression of key proteins of apoptosis was affected, including Bcl‐2, Bax, Cyt‐c, Caspase‐9 and Caspase‐3. Pre‐treatment of ROS scavenger NAC HGC‐27 cells could significantly reduce PIP‐induced apoptosis and inhibit the activation of apoptotic signals. Consistently, PIP could induce ROS to increase and activate apoptotic signals in the animal model. Therefore, the present study showed that PIP can induce the generation of ROS, thereby promoting the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and exerting anti‐tumour effects.