bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideal self and proactive physical wellness behaviors predict leader flow at work
Authors: Gardner Donald G. , Moorefield Renee 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of leader flow (well-being) at work, based on conservation-of-resources theory. The authors also introduce the concept of fuel, the proactive and strategic use of physical wellness behaviors to generate the energy needed to manage personal stress, maximize performance and to thrive in life. Specifically, the authors examined the main and interactive relationships of leader self-reports of ideal self and fuel on flow at work.

Design/methodology/approach
Three different samples of leaders were surveyed online over a three-year period.

Findings
In all three samples, leaders high in self-reported fuel had strong, positive relationships between their ideal selves and flow at work. Leaders low in self-reported fuel had negative or non-significant relationships between ideal selves and flow.

Practical implications
Leaders can be coached to develop and use a healthy ideal self and to proactively engage in physical wellness behaviors, to enhance their workplace well-being. This coaching can be strengthened by emphasizing the connection between possessing an ideal self, and engaging in physical wellness behaviors, and resulting leader well-being.

Originality/value
This is the first study to examine and demonstrate that a combination of proactive leader wellness behaviors is critical to their experience of flow at work, an indicator of work-related well-being.
Beyond Doubt: The Case Against ‘Not Proven’
Authors: Chalmers James , Leverick Fiona , Munro Vanessa E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractScotland, unusually, has three verdicts in criminal trials: guilty, not guilty, and not proven. The not proven verdict, regarded by many as an intermediate option between the other two, has been the subject of a long‐running debate as to whether it should be abolished. In this article we argue that it should. Drawing on empirical evidence from two recent studies, we cast doubt on the arguments most often made in its favour – that it serves a valuable communicative function, protects against wrongful conviction, and/or increases juror satisfaction. There is no consensus on its meaning or appropriate application in any given case, and it risks both stigmatising an acquitted accused and diminishing complainers’ opportunities for closure. It is doubtful that it prevents wrongful conviction, but even if it does, there are more effective measures in this regard.
Surgical and radiotherapy patterns of care in the management of breast cancer in NSW and ACT Australia
Authors: Merie Roya , Shafiq Jesmin , Soon Patsy S , Delaney Geoff P 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to report on the surgical and radiotherapy patterns of breast cancer care in New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in Australia, to identify factors that impact on utilisation of evidence‐based treatment and to report on the overall survival (OS) rate and the influencing factors on OS.MethodsCancer registry data linked to hospital records for all patients with breast cancer diagnosis in NSW and ACT between 2009 and 2014 were used to calculate rates of breast conserving surgery (BCS), mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis used to identify factors that led to variations in care. 5‐year OS was calculated and cox regression model assessed factors that influenced survival.ResultsData for 30,337 patients were analysed. BCS and mastectomy rates were 64% and 36%, respectively. The SLNB, ALND and ALND after SLNB rates were 61.5%, 32.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Radiotherapy was utilised in 63%. Younger age, socio‐economic disadvantage, longer distance to a radiotherapy facility and overseas place of birth were factors that predicted for increased rates of mastectomy and ALND. Radiotherapy was more likely to be utilised in later years of diagnosis, patients between 40‐69 years old, and those who lived in major cities and closer to a radiotherapy facility. 5‐year OS was 80.5%. Older patients, the socioeconomically disadvantaged and those advanced tumours had worse survival.ConclusionVariations in breast cancer care continue to exist in certain patient groups that we identified. Targeted strategic planning and further research to identify other drivers of existing disparities remain a priority.
Clinical utility of stimulated cholescintigraphy using a standardized Ensure‐Plus fatty meal protocol in patients with suspected functional gallbladder disorder: a retrospective study of seven‐years clinical experience
Authors: Li Acrane Y. , Yue Helen , Kavnoudias Helen , Cherk Martin H. , Nadebaum David P. , Barton Howard , Beech Paul , Yap Kenneth S. K. , Smith Marty , Paul Eldho , Barber Thomas W. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe clinical utility of fatty meal stimulated cholescintigraphy particularly using a standardized formulation in patients with suspected functional gallbladder disorder has not been extensively studied. We present our seven‐year clinical experience using an Ensure plus protocol.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients undergoing stimulated cholescintigraphy using Ensure Plus for evaluation of suspected functional gallbladder disorder. A gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) of <33% was considered abnormal.ResultsOf the 173 patients evaluated, 57 (33%) had an abnormal GBEF, 112 (65%) had a normal GBEF and 4 (2%) had no gallbladder visualization. Of the 57 patients with an abnormal GBEF, symptom improvement occurred in 30/31 (97%) who underwent cholecystectomy and in 17/26 (65%) who were managed conservatively (p = 0.003). Of the 112 patients with a normal GBEF, symptom improvement occurred in 8/10 (80%) who underwent cholecystectomy and 74/102 (73%) who were managed conservatively (p = 1.000). In the subgroup of 102 patients with a normal GBEF managed conservatively, those without symptomatic improvement had lower GBEFs compared to those with symptomatic improvement (median GBEF 46% versus 57%, p = 0.019).ConclusionOur retrospective results support a clinical role for stimulated cholescintigraphy using Ensure Plus in the evaluation of patients with suspected functional gallbladder disorder. While an abnormal GBEF predicts good surgical outcome, our results suggest that using an absolute GBEF cut off value of <33% may not apply to all patients and hence GBEF results should only be used as an adjunct in the surgical decision‐making process.
The value of drain fluid amylase as a predictor of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticogastrostomy
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Kim Ji Hun , Li Guang Yi , Jung Woohyun , Noh O Kyu , Yang Min Jae , Hwang Jae Chul , Yoo Byung Moo , Kim Jin Hong , Kim Wook Hwan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDrain fluid amylase is commonly used as a predictor of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study aimed to determine the ideal cut‐off value of drain fluid amylase on postoperative day 1 (DFA1) for predicting pancreatic fistula after pancreaticogastrostomy (PG).MethodsProspective data of 272 consecutive patients undergoing PG between 2010 and 2020 was collected and analysed to determine the postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) risk factors.ResultsThe incidence of POPF was 143 cases (52.6%). The median DFA1 in patients with POPF was significantly higher than that of patients with NO‐POPF (5483 versus 311, P < 0.001). DFA1 correlated with POPF in the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (P < 0.001). When DFA1 was 2300 U/L, Youden index was the highest, with a sensitivity of 72.7% and a specificity of 82.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that DFA1 ≥ 2300 U/L was an independent predictor of POPF (P < 0.001; OR: 12.855; 95% CI: 7.019–23.544). The AUC of DFA1 and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) was 0.674 (P < 0.001).ConclusionDFA1 ≥ 2300 U/L can be used as an independent predictor of POPF after PG. DFA1 ≥ 3000 U/L can predict the occurrence of CR‐POPF, when DFA1 ≥ 3000 U/L, the patients should be observed closely active for complications.
Prediction of CW chord as a measure for the eye’s orientation axis after cataract surgery from preoperative IOLMaster 700 measurement data
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Weisensee Johannes , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe angles alpha and kappa are widely discussed for centring refractive procedures, but they cannot be determined with ophthalmic instruments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Chang‐Waring chord (position of the Purkinje reflex PI relative to the corneal centre) derived from an optical biometer before and after cataract surgery and to study the changes resulting from cataract surgery.MethodsThe analysis was based on a large dataset of 1587 complete sets of preoperative and postoperative IOMaster 700 biometry measurements from two clinical centres, each containing: valid data for pupil and corneal centre position, the position of the Purkinje reflex PI originated from a coaxial fixation target, keratometry (K), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness CCT, and horizontal corneal diameter W2W. The Chang‐Waring chord CW was derived from pupil centre and Purkinje reflex PI analysed preoperatively and postoperatively, and a multilinear regression model together with a feedforward neural network algorithm was set up to predict postoperative CW chord from preoperative CW chord, K and biometric distances of the eye.ResultsThe Y component of CW chord shows a slight shift in the inferior direction in both left and right eyes, before and after cataract surgery. The X component shows some shift in the temporal direction, which is more pronounced preoperatively and slightly reduced postoperatively but with a larger variation. The change in CW chord from preoperative to postoperative shows a slight shift in the superior and nasal directions. Our algorithms for prediction of postoperative CW chord using preoperative CW chord, keratometry and biometry as input data performed with a multilinear regression and a feedforward neural network approach were able to reduce the variance, but could not properly predict the postoperative CW chord X and Y components.ConclusionThe CW chord as the position of the Purkinje reflex PI with respect to the pupil centre can be directly measured with any biometer, topographer or tomographer with a coaxial fixation light. The mean Y component does not differ between right and left eyes or preoperatively and postoperatively, but the mean temporal shift of the X component preoperatively is slightly reduced postoperatively, but with a larger scatter of the values.
Conflicting Priorities in South American Migration Governance
Authors: Doña Reveco Cristián , Finn Victoria 
Published: December 2021

Historical extra‐regional emigration patterns have shaped South America's focus on a human‐rights approach to migration. Concern for emigrants permeates debates at the annual South American Conference on Migration (SACM), yet national legislation emphasises immigration rather than emigration. Comparing national legislation to SACM documents between 2000 and 2021, we show that countries fail to reflect the same priorities as regional agreements in their laws. The interlevel discrepancies reveal that – despite prominent roles for regional cooperation, international organisations, and global migration governance – when it comes to migration legislation in South America over the last two decades, we find sovereign law‐making within national territories trumps regional agreements.
Rapid evolution of life‐history traits in response to warming, predation and competition: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Grainger Tess Nahanni , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough studies quantifying evolutionary change in response to the selective pressures that organisms face in the wild have demonstrated that organisms can evolve rapidly, we lack a systematic assessment of the frequency, magnitude and direction of rapid evolutionary change across taxa. To address this gap, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 58 studies that document the effects of warming, predation or competition on the evolution of body size, development rate or fecundity in natural or experimental animal populations. We tested whether there was a consistent effect of any selective agent on any trait, whether the direction of these effects align with theoretical predictions, and whether the three agents select in opposing directions on any trait. Overall, we found weak effects of all three selective agents on trait evolution: none of our nine traits by selective agent combinations had an overall effect that differed from zero, only 31% of studies had a significant within‐study effect, and attributes of the included studies generally did not account for between‐study variation in results. One notable exception was that predation targeting adults consistently resulted in the evolution of smaller prey body size. We discuss potential causes of these generally weak responses and consider how our results inform the ongoing development of eco‐evolutionary research.
Association of body mass index with Clostridioides difficile infection among older patients with pneumonia in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Risa , Sakata Nobuo , Fushimi Kiyohide 
Published: December 2021

AimObesity is reported to be a risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection. However, obesity rarely occurs in older Asian patients, and the effects of obesity on health and disease are different in Asian and Western countries. This study aimed to assess the association between body mass index and C. difficile infection risk among older patients with pneumonia in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study used data from the nationwide database of acute hospital inpatients' data in Japan between July 2014 and March 2016. All patients aged ≥65 years admitted with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia were enrolled. Risk factors for C. difficile infection were determined by logistic regression analysis, including known risks as covariates.ResultsAmong 221 242 pneumonia patients, 611 developed C. difficile infection. Underweight patients (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2) showed higher odds for C. difficile infection (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.62, P < 0.001) than normal weight patients (body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), whereas overweight patients (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) showed lower odds (odds ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.89, P < 0.01).ConclusionsBody mass index was associated with C. difficile infection in older pneumonia patients in Japan. Underweight was a risk factor, whereas overweight was a protective factor for C. difficile infection. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 63–67.
Corruption victimization and anti‐incumbent voting
Authors: Bourassa Aimée , Weitz‐Shapiro Rebecca , Winters Matthew S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDo citizens punish elected politicians for corruption carried out by unelected bureaucrats? Most studies of corruption punishment focus on accusations against politicians. We argue that the direct, and therefore undeniable, experience of corruption at the hands of street‐level bureaucrats will lead citizens to punish national incumbents. We explore whether this punishment of corruption is mitigated in circumstances where voters believe that politicians have less control over bureaucrats. We combine cross‐national survey data on corruption victimization and political behavior in a sample of 60 countries from Africa and Latin America. We find a robust, negative effect of personal corruption victimization on vote intention. Surprisingly, we do not identify any significant country‐level predictors of the strength of this relationship, nor do we find evidence of systematic differences in how copartisans respond to bureaucratic corruption relative to noncopartisans. Our paper contributes to the growing literature on how interaction with street‐level bureaucrats drives political behavior.
Reduced well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic – The role of working conditions
Authors: Zoch Gundula , Bächmann Ann‐Christin , Vicari Basha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had diverse impacts on the employment conditions and family responsibilities of men and women. Thus, women and men were exposed to very different roles and associated challenges, which may have affected their well‐being very differently. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study and its supplementary COVID‐19 web survey for Germany (May–June 2020), we investigate gender differences in the relationship between working conditions and within‐changes in subjective well‐being. We systematically consider the household context by distinguishing between adults with and without younger children in the household. The results from multivariate change‐score regressions reveal a decline in all respondents' life satisfaction, particularly among women with and without younger children. However, the greater reduction in women's well‐being cannot be linked to systematic differences in working conditions throughout the pandemic. Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder counterfactual decompositions confirm this conclusion. Further analyses suggest that women's caregiving role, societal concerns, and greater loneliness partly explain the remaining gender differences in altered satisfaction. From a general perspective, our results suggest important gender differences in social life and psychological distress at the beginning of the pandemic, which are likely to become more pronounced as the crisis has unfolded.
Thermal fogging with disinfectants and antifreezes enables effective industrial disinfection in subzero cold-chain environment
Authors: Hu Qiaoyun , Ma Pei , Wang Yulong , Huang Dong , Hong Junyi , Tan Yadi , Yu Zhengjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
During several local COVID-19 outbreaks in China in 2020, SARS-CoV-2 or its RNA was isolated or detected from frozen food or packages, revealing the lack of effective disinfection measures in the frozen food chain and risk of transmission. We explored the possibility that disinfectant plus antifreeze could be delivered as thermal fog to realize effective disinfection at subzero temperatures.

Methods and Results
We selected two disinfectant-antifreeze combinations, didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) – propylene glycol (PPG) and peracetic acid (PAA) – triethylene glycol (TEG), and each combination is used with a custom-optimized thermal fogging machine. The two fogs were tested in −20°C freezer warehouses for their disinfection efficacy against a coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) field strain, a swine influenza virus (SIV) field strain, and three indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis endospores. At −20°C, the DDAB-PPG or PAA-TEG thermal fogs settle within 3.5 to 4.5 h and effectively inactivated PEDV with median tissue culture infective dose of 10−3.5 0.1 ml−1 and SIV-H1N1 with hemagglutination titre of 26 ml−1 within 15–60 min. DDAB-PPG could inactivate S. aureus and E. coli vegetative cells (106 cfu ml−1) within 15–60 min but not effective on B. subtilis spores, while PAA-TEG could disinfect B. subtilis spores more effectively than for S. aureus and E. coli.

Conclusions
We showed that a practical subzero temperature disinfection technology was effective in killing enveloped viruses and vegetative bacteria or bacterial spores. DDAB-PPG or PAA-TEG thermal fogging may be a practical technology for cold-chain disinfection.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This subzero temperature disinfection technology could help to meet the urgent public health need of environmental disinfection in frozen food logistics against pandemic and other potential pathogens and to enhance national and international biosecurity.
Work‐related potential traumatic events and job burnout among operating room nurses: Independent effect, cumulative risk, and latent class approaches
Authors: Wang Juan , Mao Fangxiang , Wu Liuliu , Yang Xiaomei , Zhang Xuan , Sun Yaoyao , Huang Yongqi , Lu Yan’ e , Luan Xiaorong , Cao Fenglin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe objective of this study is to explore and compare the strength of associations between work‐related potential traumatic events and burnout among operating room nurses based on three different approaches.DesignThe study followed a multisite cross‐sectional design.MethodsA stratified sampling method was conducted. Cities in the Shandong Province were divided into four groups, and two tertiary hospitals were randomly selected from all tertiary hospitals in cities of each group. A total of 361 eligible operating room nurses provided valid questionnaires between June and November 2019. Work‐related potential traumatic events questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were conducted. Associations between individual, cumulative potential traumatic events, as well as latent class analysis‐derived patterns of potential traumatic experiences with burnout were examined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsSpecific traumatic events (e.g., patients’ sudden death, bullying and ostracism from colleagues) were independently associated with an increased risk of burnout. Work‐related potential traumatic events had a cumulative effect on burnout, whereby operating room nurses exposed to cumulative potential traumatic events carried a higher risk for burnout than others. The “multiple work‐related potential traumatic events” pattern derived by latent class analysis was related to an increased risk of high depersonalization.ConclusionOperating room nurses who reported specific or multiple work‐related potential traumatic events were at high risk for burnout. It is of great significance to provide qualified and timely counselling or support.ImpactThis study is the first to focus on work‐related potential traumatic events among operating room nurses and examine their relationship with burnout based on three perspectives. The findings could help identify those operating room nurses who are at high risk of burnout in clinical practice. Hospital managers should develop targeted interventions to prevent or mitigate the harmful impact of potential traumatic events on occupational health.
The Equivalence Thesis and the Last Ventilator
Authors: McGee Andrew , Carter Drew 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe potential shortage of ventilators during the COVID‐19 crisis has resulted in guidelines being published denying any moral difference between withholding and withdrawing medical treatment. This reflects some ethicists' support for ‘the equivalence thesis’, the idea that wherever it is permissible to withhold treatment, it is permissible to withdraw it, and vice versa. Some ethicists claim that doctors' opposition to the equivalence thesis discourages treatment withdrawal, leading to unnecessary loss of life amid pronounced scarcity. But first we need to ascertain whether the equivalence thesis is true. If it is, then we can work out what to do about the negative impacts of doctors opposing it. In this article, we argue that the equivalence thesis is false. There is a difference between withholding and withdrawing in that there can be instances in which an act of one type would be permissible while an act of the other type would be wrong, even though all other things are equal. We use Heidi Malm's distinction between comparison and conflict cases to show that equivalence proponents and opponents may be talking past one another, with proponents focussing on comparison cases and opponents rightly thinking of conflict cases as well.