bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio as a predictive and prognostic marker for preeclampsia
Authors: Jeon Hae Rin , Jeong Da Hoe , Lee Jin Young , Woo Eun Young , Shin Gwi Taek , Kim Suk‐Young 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePreeclampsia is clinically unpredictable and associated with adverse outcomes. Pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia require intensive monitoring or hospitalization for elevated sFlt‐1 (soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1) to PlGF (placental growth factor) ratios before symptoms arise. We aimed to determine the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio's usefulness in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in preeclampsia.MethodsFrom January 2017 to February 2019, we measured the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in 73 singleton pregnant women suspected of preeclampsia and classified them into three groups: low‐risk (sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio < 38, n = 19), intermediate (38 ≤ ratio < 85, n = 9), and high‐risk (ratio ≥ 85, n = 32).ResultsAlthough the low‐ and high‐risk groups both experienced weight gain during pregnancy, their body mass index (BMI) differed after pregnancy (p = 0.004). The number of women who had been taking antihypertensive medications for chronic hypertension since early pregnancy was higher in the low‐risk group (31.6% vs. 22.2%, 6.7%). The gestational weeks at birth were lower in the high‐risk group compared to that of the low‐risk group (32.0 weeks vs. 35.79 weeks, p < 0.001). In the high‐risk group, the average neonatal weight was significantly lighter (p = 0.021), and the period of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit was longer than that in the low‐risk group (p = 0.003).ConclusionThe sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio is a useful indicator of preeclampsia severity and can be utilized as a prognostic marker.
Diversity of higher plants in China
Authors: Xie Dan , Liu Bo , Zhao Li‐Na , Pandey Tirtha Raj , Liu Hui‐Yuan , Shan Zhang‐Jian , Qin Hai‐Ning 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Species Catalogue of China: Volume 1: Plants (SCCP) is a new, comprehensive, hardcopy inventory of Chinese higher plants that combines several datasets and references to recent taxonomic treatments. The database, with all attached additional information, is freely accessible via the internet (http://www.sp2000.org.cn/) and on CD‐ROM, and will be updated yearly. It includes bryophytes (157 families, 599 genera, and 3167 specific and infraspecific taxa), lycophytes and ferns (41 families, 181 genera, and 2336 specific and infraspecific taxa), gymnosperms (10 families, 45 genera, and 311 specific and infraspecific taxa), and angiosperms (270 families, 3227 genera, and 35 873 specific and infraspecific taxa); in total 478 families, 4052 genera, and 41 687 specific and infraspecific taxa. Several other important statistics can also be drawn from the database, such as the distribution pattern of the four major groups of higher plants, as well as number of endemic and naturalized or cultivated genera/taxa. Entries in SCCP are also compared with Flora of China, and Flora reipublicae popularis Sinicae at the genus level. The SCCP will not only be a useful reference for floristic or biodiversity studies in China, but will also serve as a key resource to direct action and monitor progress. It is intended to be a useful resource for achieving Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC).
Comparison of electromagnetic guided imagery to standard confirmatory methods for ascertaining nasogastric tube placement in children
Authors: Wathen Beth , McNeely Heidi L. , Peyton Christine , Pan Zhaoxing , Thomas Robin , Callahan Cayla , Fidanza Sara , Brown James , Neu Madalynn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeEvaluate the accuracy of an electromagnetic device (EMD) guided nasogastric tube (NGT) placement compared with standard confirmation methods. A secondary aim was to determine if EMD guided NGT placement would avert potential pulmonary misplacements of the tube.Design and MethodsPediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patients were enrolled if they had an NGT order during the study period of April 2014 through December 2016. Patients were included if they were one through 18 years of age. An EMD trained nurse inserted the NGT using EMD guidance. An insertion questionnaire, confirming if the nurse determined the NGT to be gastric per EMD, was completed immediately after NGT placement and before confirmation via either pH testing or radiographic imaging.ResultsForty‐five patients were enrolled in the study. Nurses reported, based on EMD, that 86.7% (n = 39) of placements were gastric. Overall agreement between EMD guided tube placement and pH testing was 58% (n = 26). The marginal distribution was significantly different between the two methods (p = .0029). When compared to radiographic confirmation, sensitivity of the pH method was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17%–51%) compared with 85% (95% CI 69%–95%) for the EMD method.ConclusionsEMD guidance was superior to pH testing when compared with radiographic confirmation of nasogastric tube placement in children.Practice ImplicationsEMD guided NGT placement is a potentially viable method for confirming nasogastric tube placement in children when done by appropriately trained clinicians. More research on EMD guided NGT placement in children is needed before any practice recommendation can be made.
Hepatitis E, what is the real issue?
Authors: Larrue Hélène , Abravanel Florence , Peron Jean‐Marie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a worldwide disease and the primary cause of acute viral hepatitis with an estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases every year and 44,000 related deaths. It is a waterborne infection in the developing countries. In these countries, HEV genotypes 1 and 2 cause large outbreaks and affect young subjects resulting in significant mortality in pregnant women and patients with cirrhosis. In developed countries, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are responsible for autochthonous, sporadic hepatitis and transmission is zoonotic. Parenteral transmission by the transfusion of blood products has been identified as a potential new mode of transmission. HEV can also cause neurological disorders and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. The progression of acute hepatitis E is usually asymptomatic and resolves spontaneously. Diagnosis is based on both anti‐HEV IgM antibodies in serum and viral RNA detection in blood or stools by PCR in immunocompetent patients, while only PCR is validated in immunocompromised individuals. Ribavirin is the only validated treatment in chronic infection. A vaccine has been developed in China.
Impacts of an egg intervention on nutrient adequacy among young Malawian children
Authors: Caswell Bess L. , Arnold Charles D. , Lutter Chessa K. , Iannotti Lora L. , Chipatala Raphael , Werner Elizabeth Rochelle , Maleta Kenneth M. , Stewart Christine P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEggs are a rich source of multiple nutrients that support child growth and development. Provision of eggs as a complementary food may improve dietary adequacy among young children at risk for undernutrition. Our objective was to test the impact of an egg intervention on the adequacy of total nutrient intakes and micronutrient density among 6‐ to 15‐month‐old Malawian children. Children 6 to 9 months old, living in Mangochi District, Malawi, were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 331) receiving an egg per day or a control group (n = 329) consuming their usual diet. Dietary intakes of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals were assessed using 24‐h recalls at baseline, 3‐month midline and 6‐month endline, with repeat recalls in a subsample. Usual nutrient intake and micronutrient density distributions were modelled to estimate group means and prevalence of inadequacy. Group differences at midline and endline were tested using unequal variancettests with bootstrapped standard errors. The egg intervention resulted in higher intakes of fat and protein and lower intakes of carbohydrates. The egg group had lower prevalence of inadequacy for selenium, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B5, vitamin B12and choline. Micronutrient density inadequacy was lower in the egg group for vitamin A and choline at midline and endline, riboflavin at midline and vitamin B5at endline. Inadequacy of nutrient intakes or density remained highly prevalent in both groups for multiple micronutrients. Though the egg intervention increased intakes of protein and several micronutrients, total intakes and micronutrient density of multiple micronutrients remained far below recommendations.
Development of national dietary and lifestyle guidelines for pregnant women in Lebanon
Authors: Naja Farah , Ayoub Jennifer , Baydoun Samar , Nassour Sahar , Zgheib Pamela , Nasreddine Lara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough a number of international diet and lifestyle guidelines during pregnancy (DLGP) exist in the literature, contextualization to low‐ and middle‐income settings is less common. The aim of this study was to present the Lebanese DLGP and to describe the process followed for their development. A mixed‐method approach was used including a review and synthesis of existing international DLGP and a consensus building nominal group technique (NGT) with a multidisciplinary group of experts (n = 11). During the meeting, participants identified the themes of the guidelines, formulated the wording of each themes' guideline and translated the guidelines to the Arabic language. Consensus was defined as an agreement of 80%. Reviewing the literature, a list of 17 main topics were found to be common themes for the DLGP. For the Lebanese DLGP, participants in the NGT meeting selected seven themes from this list: gestational weight gain, diet diversity, hydration, food safety, harmful foods, physical activity and breastfeeding. In addition, the group formulated three themes based on merging/modifying existing themes: supplementation, alcohol and smoking and religious fasting. Two context‐specific new themes emerged: wellbeing and nutrition resilience. For each of the identified themes, the group agreed upon the wording of its guidelines and description. This study is the first from the Eastern Mediterranean Region to develop through consensus building, context and culture‐specific dietary and lifestyle guidelines for pregnant women. Putting maternal nutrition at the heart of tackling malnutrition and its detrimental health outcomes is a core investment for a better maternal and child health.
Transcription factor control of virulence in phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: John Evan , Singh Karam B. , Oliver Richard P. , Tan Kar‐Chun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlant‐pathogenic fungi are a significant threat to economic and food security worldwide. Novel protection strategies are required and therefore it is critical we understand the mechanisms by which these pathogens cause disease. Virulence factors and pathogenicity genes have been identified, but in many cases their roles remain elusive. It is becoming increasingly clear that gene regulation is vital to enable plant infection and transcription factors play an essential role. Efforts to determine their regulatory functions in plant‐pathogenic fungi have expanded since the annotation of fungal genomes revealed the ubiquity of transcription factors from a broad range of families. This review establishes the significance of transcription factors as regulatory elements in plant‐pathogenic fungi and provides a systematic overview of those that have been functionally characterized. Detailed analysis is provided on regulators from well‐characterized families controlling various aspects of fungal metabolism, development, stress tolerance, and the production of virulence factors such as effectors and secondary metabolites. This covers conserved transcription factors with either specialized or nonspecialized roles, as well as recently identified regulators targeting key virulence pathways. Fundamental knowledge of transcription factor regulation in plant‐pathogenic fungi provides avenues to identify novel virulence factors and improve our understanding of the regulatory networks linked to pathogen evolution, while transcription factors can themselves be specifically targeted for disease control. Areas requiring further insight regarding the molecular mechanisms and/or specific classes of transcription factors are identified, and direction for future investigation is presented.
Registered nurses' experiences of working in the intensive care unit during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bergman Lina , Falk Ann‐Charlotte , Wolf Axel , Larsson Ing‐Marie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the pandemic, increased numbers of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission required an increase in ICU capacity, including ICU staffing with competence to care for critically ill patients. Consequently, nurses from acute care areas were called in to staff the ICU along with experienced intensive care nurses.Aims and objectivesTo describe Swedish registered nurses' experiences of caring for patients with COVID‐19 in ICUs during the pandemic.DesignMixed method survey design.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed through social media to registered nurses who had been working in the ICU during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Data were collected for 1 week (May 2020) and analysed using content analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsOf the 282 nurses who participated, the majority were ICU nurses (n = 151; 54%). Half of the nurses specialized in ICU reported that they were responsible for the ICU care of three or more patients during the pandemic (n = 75; 50%). Among non‐intensive care nurses, only 19% received introduction to the COVID‐19 ICU (n = 26). The analysis of data regarding nurses' experiences resulted in three categories: tumbling into chaos, diminished nursing care, and transition into pandemic ICU care. Participants described how patient safety and care quality were compromised, and that nursing care was severely deprioritized during the pandemic. The situation of not being able to provide nursing care resulted in ethical stress. Furthermore, an increased workload and worsened work environment affected nurses' health and well‐being.ConclusionsThe findings from the present study indicate that nurses perceived that patient safety and quality of care were compromised during the pandemic. This resulted in ethical stress among nurses, which may have affected their physical and psychosocial well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a severe impact on nurses' work environment, which could result in burnout and staff turnover.
Accuracy of automated identification of lateral cephalometric landmarks using cascade convolutional neural networks on lateral cephalograms from nationwide multi‐centres
Authors: Kim Jaerong , Kim Inhwan , Kim Yoon‐Ji , Kim Minji , Cho Jin‐Hyoung , Hong Mihee , Kang Kyung‐Hwa , Lim Sung‐Hoon , Kim Su‐Jung , Kim Young Ho , Kim Namkug , Sung Sang‐Jin , Baek Seung‐Hak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of automated identification of cephalometric landmarks using the cascade convolutional neural networks (CNN) on lateral cephalograms acquired from nationwide multi‐centres.Settings and sample populationA total of 3150 lateral cephalograms were acquired from 10 university hospitals in South Korea for training.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated the accuracy of the developed model with independent 100 lateral cephalograms as an external validation. Two orthodontists independently identified the anatomic landmarks of the test data set using the V‐ceph software (version 8.0, Osstem, Seoul, Korea). The mean positions of the landmarks identified by two orthodontists were regarded as the gold standard. The performance of the CNN model was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute distance between the gold standard and the automatically detected positions. Factors associated with the detection accuracy for landmarks were analysed using the linear regression models.ResultsThe mean inter‐examiner difference was 1.31 ± 1.13 mm. The overall automated detection error was 1.36 ± 0.98 mm. The mean detection error for each landmark ranged between 0.46 ± 0.37 mm (maxillary incisor crown tip) and 2.09 ± 1.91 mm (distal root tip of the mandibular first molar). A significant difference in the detection accuracy among cephalograms was noted according to hospital (P = .011), sensor type (P < .01), and cephalography machine model (P < .01).ConclusionThe automated cephalometric landmark detection model may aid in preliminary screening for patient diagnosis and mid‐treatment assessment, independent of the type of the radiography machines tested.
Effects of brief periods of clear vision on the defocus‐mediated changes in axial length and choroidal thickness of human eyes
Authors: Delshad Samaneh , Collins Michael J , Read Scott A , Vincent Stephen J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of brief, repeated periods of clear vision on the changes in axial length and choroidal thickness in response to short‐term imposed defocus.MethodsThe right eye of 16 young adults was exposed to 60 min episodes of continuous and interrupted defocus conditions (+3 DS and −3 DS) over five separate sessions, with the left eye optimally corrected for distance. For interrupted defocus, 2 min episodes of clear vision were imposed before each 15 min episode of myopic or hyperopic defocus (2/15 min). For hyperopic defocus, the effect of frequency of clear vision exposure was also assessed by imposing 1 min of clear vision before each 7.5 min of defocus (1/7.5 min). The right eye axial length and choroidal thickness were measured before, during and after each defocus condition.ResultsAfter 60 min of continuous hyperopic defocus the eye elongated significantly by +9 ± 9 μm (p = 0.02). When exposed to interrupted (2/15 min) hyperopic defocus, axial elongation was significantly reduced by 77% compared to continuous hyperopic defocus (p = 0.03), with a final change of only +2 ± 10 μm relative to baseline. During interrupted (1/7.5 min) hyperopic defocus, axial elongation reduced slightly compared to continuous hyperopic defocus (+6 ± 8 μm relative to baseline,p = 0.12). For continuous myopic defocus, a reduction in axial length occurred but was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). A similar pattern of response was observed for choroidal thickness changes with continuous and interrupted (1/7.5 min) hyperopic defocus conditions.ConclusionsBrief periods of clear vision can diminish axial elongation and choroidal thinning induced by hyperopic defocus exposure in human eyes. If hyperopic defocus contributes to myopia progression in humans, then interruption with brief periods of clear vision could reduce its myopiagenic effects.
Long‐term incidence of upper extremity venous obstruction in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients
Authors: Horlbeck Fritz W. , Eckerth Christopher , Linhart Markus , Schaefer Christian , Jakob Mark , Pingel Simon , Klarmann‐Schulz Ute , Nickenig Georg , Schwab Joerg O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundVery little is known about the long‐term prevalence of severe venous obstruction and occlusion in patients with transvenous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator leads. The objective of the current investigation was to elucidate the incidence and prevalence and to identify predisposing conditions in an ICD cohort over a long follow‐up period.MethodsBased on a prospective database, we analyzed consecutive patients who received an ICD implantation in our hospital between 06/1988 and 2009 as well as all corresponding follow‐up data until 02/2018. Cavographies were used for analysis, and all patients with at least one device replacement and one follow‐up cavography were included.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up period of 94 ± 50 months, severe venous obstruction was found in 147 (33%) of 448 patients. Kaplan‐Meier analysis shows a severe obstruction or occlusion in 50% of patients after a period of 14.3 years. The total number of leads (p < .001, HR 2.01, CI 2.000–2.022), an advanced age (p = .004, HR 1.023 per year, CI 1.022–1.024) and the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy (p = .035, HR 1.49, CI 1.47–1.51) were predictive of venous obstruction whereas the presence of anticoagulation was not.ConclusionSevere obstruction of the access veins after ICD implantation occurs frequently and its prevalence shows a nearly linear increase over long‐time follow‐up. Multiple leads, an advanced age and DCM as underlying disease are associated with an increased risk of venous obstruction while the role of anticoagulation to prevent venous obstruction in ICD patients is unclear.
Group teletherapy for first‐episode psychosis: Piloting its integration with coordinated specialty care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wood Helen J. , Gannon Jessica M. , Chengappa K.N. Roy , Sarpal Deepak K. 
Published: May 2021

Digital health has emerged in recent years as a tool to optimize care delivery and promote treatment adherence among individuals with first‐episode psychosis (FEP). Recent mandates for social distancing and sheltering in place due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have catapulted efforts to provide ongoing coordinated specialty care (CSC) on virtual platforms. While prior evidence provides support for the general implementation of virtual individual therapy, there is limited guidance and evidence for the adoption of group teletherapy. Here we describe our efforts to implement group teletherapy for two small cohorts of individuals with FEP receiving care in a coordinated specialty care clinic using methods adopted from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. We observed high adherence with group visits as well as client satisfaction across groups. Based on our results, we have taken efforts to implement virtual group therapy more permanently in our clinic. Our experience provides guidance and a model for integration of virtual group therapy within CSC.Practitioner points

In‐person group therapy can be adapted as an online treatment modality for individuals with first‐episode psychosis (FEP).

Group teletherapy is both accessible and satisfactory to individuals with FEP.

Group teletherapy has potential as a more standard and widespread treatment modality within coordinated specialty care for FEP.
Impulsiveness and suicide in male offenders: Examining the buffer roles of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and flourishing
Authors: Mai Yiling , Yang Ruilai , Wu Xiaohua , Xie Zhaoming , Zhang Xin , Yang Xueling , Liu Huanhuan , Zhao Jiubo 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesAlthough impulsiveness has been recognized as a risk factor for suicide, few studies have explored how to protect offenders with impulsiveness from the risk of suicide. This study aims to examine the relationships among impulsiveness, suicide risk, regulatory emotional self‐efficacy (RESE), and flourishing, focusing on the moderating effects of RESE and flourishing in the relationship between impulsiveness and suicide risk.Design and methodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of 941 male offenders. All participants were requested to provide some items of demographic information and to complete a package of self‐reported questionnaires measuring impulsiveness, suicide risk, RESE, and flourishing.ResultsThe results indicate that impulsiveness is positively correlated with suicide risk, while RESE and flourishing are negatively correlated with impulsiveness and suicide risk. Most importantly, both RESE and its dimension managing negative affect (NEG) negatively moderate the relationship between impulsiveness and suicide risk. Flourishing and the RESE dimension expressing positive affect (POS) show no significant moderating effect on impulsiveness–suicide risk link.ConclusionsRegulatory emotional self‐efficacy, especially its NEG dimension, can buffer the impact of impulsiveness on suicide risk in male offenders, indicating that these factors might be useful supplements in suicide prevention.Practitioner points

Offender with higher level of RESE and flourishing show lower level of impulsiveness and suicide risk.

High level of RESE and its NEG dimension can buffer the effect of impulsiveness on suicide risk.

RESE, especially its NEG dimension might be a useful supplement for suicide prevention in offenders with high impulsiveness.