bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Response of the Microbiome of Pocillopora acuta to Reciprocal Transplantation Within Singapore
Authors: Deignan Lindsey K. , McDougald Diane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs corals continue to decline globally, particularly due to climate change, it is vital to understand the extent to which their microbiome may confer an adaptive resilience against environmental stress. Corals that survive on the urban reefs of Singapore are ideal candidates to study the association of scleractinians with their microbiome, which in turn can inform reef conservation and management. In this study, we monitored differences in the microbiome of Pocillopora acuta colonies reciprocally transplanted between two reefs, Raffles and Kusu, within the Port of Singapore, where corals face intense anthropogenic impacts. Pocillopora acuta had previously been shown to host distinct microbial communities between these two reefs. Amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA) was used to assess the coral microbiomes at 1, 2, 4, and 10 days post-transplantation. Coral microbiomes responded rapidly to transplantation, becoming similar to those of the local corals at the destination reef within one day at Raffles and within two days at Kusu. Elevated nitrate concentrations were detected at Raffles for the duration of the study, potentially influencing the microbiome’s response to transplantation. The persistence of corals within the port of Singapore highlights the ability of corals to adapt to stressful environments. Further, coral resilience appears to coincide with a dynamic microbiome which can undergo shifts in composition without succumbing to dysbiosis.
Changes in the global impact of COVID-19 on nuclear medicine departments during 2020: an international follow-up survey
Authors: Giammarile Francesco , Delgado Bolton Roberto C. , El-Haj Noura , Freudenberg Lutz S. , Herrmann Ken , Mikhail Miriam , Morozova Olga , Orellana Pilar , Pellet Olivier , Estrada L. Enrique , Vinjamuri Sobhan , Gnanasegaran Gopinath , Pynda Yaroslav , Navarro-Marulanda Maria C. , Choudhury Partha S. , Paez Diana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
As a follow-up to the international survey conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in April 2020, this survey aims to provide a situational snapshot of the COVID-19 impact on nuclear medicine services worldwide, 1 year later. The survey was designed to determine the impact of the pandemic at two specific time points: June and October 2020, and compare them to the previously collected data.

Materials and methods
A web-based questionnaire, in the same format as the April 2020 survey was disseminated to nuclear medicine facilities worldwide. Survey data was collected using a secure software platform hosted by the IAEA; it was made available for 6 weeks, from November 23 to December 31, 2020.

Results
From 505 replies received from 96 countries, data was extracted from 355 questionnaires (of which 338 were fully completed). The responses came from centres across varying regions of the world and with heterogeneous income distributions. Regional differences and challenges across the world were identified and analysed. Globally, the volume of nuclear medicine procedures decreased by 73.3% in June 2020 and 56.9% in October 2020. Among the nuclear medicine procedures, oncological PET studies showed less of a decline in utilization compared to conventional nuclear medicine, particularly nuclear cardiology. The negative impact was also significantly less pronounced in high-income countries. A trend towards a gradual return to the pre-COVID-19 situation of the supply chains of radioisotopes, generators, and other essential materials was evident.

Conclusion
The year 2020 has a significant decrease in nuclear medicine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as a result of the pandemic-related challenges. In June, the global decline recorded in the survey was greater than in October when the situation began to show improvement. However, the total number of procedures remained below those recorded in April 2020 and fell to less than half of the volumes normally carried out pre-pandemic.
Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings
Authors: Pigeolet Manon , Imam Saiful , Ninulescu Gheorghe Cristian , Kabir Shafiul , Smeesters Pierre R. , Mahmud Hasib 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Idiopathic clubfoot affects approximately 1/1000 alive-born infants, of whom 80–91% are born in low- or middle-income countries (LMICs). This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the morphological, functional, and social outcomes in patients with neglected clubfoot in rural Bangladesh, after receiving surgical treatment.

Methods
Patients received a posteromedial release (PMR) with or without an additional soft tissue intervention (group 1), a PMR with an additional bony intervention (group 2), or a triple arthrodesis (group 3) according to our surgical algorithm. Patients were followed until two year post-intervention. Evaluation was done using a modified International Clubfoot Study Group Outcome evaluation score and the Laaveg-Ponseti score.

Results
Twenty-two patients with 32 neglected clubfeet (ages 2–24 years) received surgical treatment. Nineteen patients with 29 clubfeet attended follow-up. At two year follow-up an excellent, good, or fair Laaveg-Ponseti score was obtained in 81% (group 1), 80% (group 2), and 0% (group 3) of the patients (p value 0.0038). Age at intervention is inversely correlated with the Laaveg-Ponseti score at two year follow-up (p < 0.0001). All patients attended school or work and were able to wear normal shoes.

Conclusion
Our treatment algorithm is in line with other surgical algorithms used in LMICs. Our data reconfirms that excellent results can be obtained with a PMR regardless of age. Our algorithm follows a pragmatic approach that takes into account the reality on the ground in many LMICs. Good functional outcomes can be achieved with PMR for neglected clubfoot. Further research is needed to investigate the possible role of triple arthrodesis.
UCP-2 inhibitor enhanced the efficacy of trastuzumab against HER2 positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Hua Jun , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Lili , Sun Yan , Yuan Yuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of UCP-2 inhibitor in reducing acquired resistance of trastuzumab to improve the outcome of patients receiving trastuzumab therapy by exploring the relationship between UCP-2 expression and HER2 signaling pathway and examining whether UCP-2 expression was modulated by trastuzumab treatment.

Methods
32 women diagnosed with primary HER2-positive breast cancer were recruited in this study. Needle biopsy was obtained from patients before they received at least four cycles neoadjuvant therapy containing trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. Surgical tumor biopsy was obtained during surgical procedure after the neoadjuvant therapy. Levels of HER2 phosphorylation and UCP-2 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared between tumor needle biopsy tissue and surgical tumor samples of these patients, as well as in BT474 breast cancer cells before and after trastuzumab treatment. HER2-selective phosphorylation/kinase activity inhibitor ONT-380 was used to identify the correlation between HER2 phosphorylation level and UCP-2 expression. UCP-2 inhibitor Genipin was then used to evaluate the apoptosis index in BT474 cells treated with trastuzumab.

Results
UCP-2 expression was significantly elevated in surgical tumor samples from breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab in a neoadjuvant setting. We further confirmed our findings in HER2-positive BT474 cell line and found that trastuzumab treatment induced phosphorylation of HER2 and the overexpression of UCP-2, and the latter can be reversed by HER2 selective kinase inhibitor ONT-380. Moreover, UCP-2 inhibitor Genipin significantly enhanced the proliferation suppression effects of trastuzumab and markedly promoted apoptosis.

Conclusion
Taken together, our study identified UCP-2 as a novel therapeutic target for HER2 positive breast cancer and UCP-2 inhibitor may have great potential to enhance the response rate and efficacy of trastuzumab therapy.
RNAi-mediated gene knockdown of progesterone 5β-reductases in Digitalis lanata reduces 5β-cardenolide content
Authors: Klein Jan , Horn Elisa , Ernst Mona , Leykauf Tim , Leupold Tamara , Dorfner Maja , Wolf Laura , Ignatova Anastasiia , Kreis Wolfgang , Munkert Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKey messageStudying RNAi-mediatedDlP5βR1andDlP5βR2knockdown shoot culture lines ofDigitalis lanata,we here provide direct evidence for the participation of PRISEs (progesterone 5β-reductase/iridoid synthase-like enzymes) in 5β-cardenolide formation.AbstractProgesterone 5β-reductases (P5βR) are assumed to catalyze the reduction of progesterone to 5β-pregnane-3,20-dione, which is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of the 5β-cardenolides. P5βRs are encoded byVEP1-like genes occurring ubiquitously in embryophytes. P5βRs are substrate-promiscuous enone-1,4-reductases recently termed PRISEs (progesterone 5β-reductase/iridoid synthase-like enzymes). Two PRISE genes, termedDlP5βR1(AY585867.1) andDlP5βR2(HM210089.1) were isolated fromDigitalis lanata. To give experimental evidence for the participation of PRISEs in 5β-cardenolide formation, we here established several RNAi-mediatedDlP5βR1andDlP5βR2knockdown shoot culture lines ofD. lanata. Cardenolide contents were lower inD. lanata P5βR-RNAilines than in wild-type shoots. We considered that the gene knockdowns may have had pleiotropic effects such as an increase in glutathione (GSH) which is known to inhibit cardenolide formation. GSH levels and expression of glutathione reductase (GR) were measured. Both were higher in theDl P5βR-RNAilines than in the wild-type shoots. Cardenolide biosynthesis was restored by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment inDl P5βR2-RNAilines but not inDl P5βR1-RNAilines. Since progesterone is a precursor of cardenolides but can also act as a reactive electrophile species (RES), we here discriminated between these by comparing the effects of progesterone and methyl vinyl ketone, a small RES but not a precursor of cardenolides. To the best of our knowledge, we here demonstrated for the first time thatP5βR1is involved in cardenolide formation. We also provide further evidence that PRISEs are also important for plants dealing with stress by detoxifying reactive electrophile species (RES).
Clinical indications for image-guided interventional procedures in the musculoskeletal system: a Delphi-based consensus paper from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR)—part IV, hip
Authors: Sconfienza Luca Maria , Adriaensen Miraude , Alcala-Galiano Andrea , Allen Georgina , Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Aringhieri Giacomo , Bazzocchi Alberto , Beggs Ian , Chianca Vito , Corazza Angelo , Dalili Danoob , De Dea Miriam , del Cura Jose Luis , Di Pietto Francesco , Drakonaki Elena , de Castro Fernando Facal , Filippiadis Dimitrios , Gitto Salvatore , Grainger Andrew J , Greenwood Simon , Gupta Harun , Isaac Amanda , Ivanoski Slavcho , Khanna Monica , Klauser Andrea , Mansour Ramy , Martin Silvia , Mascarenhas Vasco , Mauri Giovanni , McCarthy Catherine , McKean David , McNally Eugene , Melaki Kalliopi , Messina Carmelo , Mombiela Rebeca Mirón , Moutinho Ricardo , Obradov Marina , Olchowy Cyprian , Orlandi Davide , González Raquel Prada , Prakash Mahesh , Posadzy Magdalena , Rutkauskas Saulius , Snoj Žiga , Tagliafico Alberto Stefano , Talaska Alexander , Tomas Xavier , Vasilevska Nikodinovska Violeta , Vucetic Jelena , Wilson David , Zaottini Federico , Zappia Marcello , Albano Domenico 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the hip are widely used in daily clinical practice. The need for clarity concerning the actual added value of imaging guidance and types of medications to be offered led the Ultrasound and the Interventional Subcommittees of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) to promote, with the support of its Research Committee, a collaborative project to review the published literature on image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures in the lower limb in order to derive a list of clinical indications.

Methods
In this article, we report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures offered in the joint and soft tissues around the hip in order of their clinical indications.

Results
Ten statements concerning image-guided treatment procedures around the hip have been collected by the panel of ESSR experts.

Conclusions
This work highlighted that there is still low evidence in the existing literature on some of these interventional procedures. Further large prospective randomized trials are essential to better confirm the benefits and objectively clarify the role of imaging to guide musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the hip.

Key Points
• Expert consensus produced a list of 10 evidence-based statements on clinical indications of image-guided interventional procedures around the hip.
• The highest level of evidence was only reached for one statement.
• Strong consensus was obtained for all statements.
Physiological and ecological consequences of the water optical properties degradation on reef corals
Authors: López-Londoño Tomás , Galindo-Martínez Claudia T. , Gómez-Campo Kelly , González-Guerrero Luis A. , Roitman Sofia , Pollock F. Joseph , Pizarro Valeria , López-Victoria Mateo , Medina Mónica , Iglesias-Prieto Roberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDegradation of water optical properties due to anthropogenic disturbances is a common phenomenon in coastal waters globally. Although this condition is associated with multiple drivers that affect corals health in multiple ways, its effect on light availability and photosynthetic energy acquisition has been largely neglected. Here, we describe how declining the water optical quality in a coastal reef exposed to a turbid plume of water originating from a man-made channel compromises the functionality of the keystone coral species Orbicella faveolata. We found highly variable water optical conditions with significant effects on the light quantity and quality available for corals. Low-light phenotypes close to theoretical limits of photoacclimation were found at shallow depths as a result of reduced light penetration. The estimated photosynthetically fixed energy depletion with increasing depth was associated with patterns of colony mortality and vertical habitat compression. A numerical model illustrates the potential effect of the progressive water quality degradation on coral mortality and population decline along the depth gradient. Collectively, our findings suggest that preserving the water properties seeking to maximize light penetration through the water column is essential for maintaining the coral reef structure and associated ecosystem services.
Never too late? Quadruplets at the age of 65 years
Authors: Hinkson Larry , Dame Christof , Braun Thorsten , Nachtigall Irit , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
We discuss the challenges of multiple pregnancy at very advanced reproductive age.

Case presentation
We present the case of a quadruplet pregnancy at the maternal age of 65 following in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with donor eggs and sperm, involving cross-border reproductive care. All children born were at 25 weeks’ gestation and survived; however, poor neurodevelopmental outcome remains a major concern in one child.

Conclusions
The use of reproductive technology to achieve a multiple pregnancy at such an advanced post-menopausal age generated a debate on ethical, psychosocial and medical questions. We share this debate and highlight the need to reconsider international guidelines for women of advanced reproductive age.
External auditory exostoses in wind-dependent water sports participants: German wind- and kitesurfers
Authors: Wegener Florian , Wegner Manfred , Weiss Nora M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cold water and wind are known to cause exostoses of the external auditory canal. Different prevalences in different sports have been described in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of external auditory exostosis (EAE) and EAE severity in coastal German wind- and kitesurfers who are exposed to cold water and strong winds. Furthermore, influencing factors such as the total exposure time and frequency of activity as well as the correlations between symptoms and the severity of EAE were investigated.

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, German non-professional wind- and kitesurfers along the North and Baltic Sea coasts were recruited between September 2020 and November 2020. Each participant was interviewed about exposure time and otological symptoms and underwent bilateral video otoscopic examination to determine EAE severity.

Results
A total of 241 ears from 130 subjects were analysed. The prevalence of EAE was 75.1%. In 19.9% of the participants, severe EAE was found. Exposure time and the frequency of activity had significant effects on the severity of EAE. Compared to surfers, EAE growth seems to progress faster in wind- and kitesurfers. The number of symptoms requiring medical treatment increased when two-thirds of the external auditory canal was obstructed.

Conclusion
The prevalence of EAE in wind- and kitesurfers is high. Total exposure time and the frequency of activity influence EAE growth. EAE growth occurs faster in wind- and kitesurfers than in surfers. The additional influence of wind and the evaporative cooling of the EAC are thought to be responsible. The results of this study should increase awareness of the dynamics of EAE among ENT specialists and improve patient counselling.
Treatment of major depressive disorder with bilateral theta burst stimulation: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial (TBS-D)
Authors: Plewnia Christian , Brendel Bettina , Schwippel Tobias , Nieratschker Vanessa , Ethofer Thomas , Kammer Thomas , Padberg Frank , Martus Peter , Fallgatter Andreas J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is currently evolving as an effective and safe therapeutic tool in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, already established rTMS treatment paradigms are rather time-consuming. With theta burst stimulation (TBS), a patterned form of rTMS, treatment time can be substantially reduced. Pilot studies and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrate non-inferiority of TBS to 10 Hz rTMS and support a wider use in MDD. Still, data from placebo-controlled multicenter RCTs are lacking. In this placebo-controlled multicenter study, 236 patients with MDD will be randomized to either intermittent TBS (iTBS) to the left and continuous TBS (cTBS) to the right dlPFC or bilateral sham stimulation (1:1 ratio). The treatment will be performed with 80% resting motor threshold intensity over six consecutive weeks (30 sessions). The primary outcome is the treatment response rate (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale reduction ≥ 50%). The aim of the study is to confirm the superiority of active bilateral TBS compared to placebo treatment. In two satellite studies, we intend to identify possible MRI-based and (epi-)genetic predictors of responsiveness to TBS therapy. Positive results will support the clinical use of bilateral TBS as an advantageous, efficient, and well-tolerated treatment and pave the way for further individualization of MDD therapy.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04392947).
Short-term heat acclimation preserves knee extensor torque but does not improve 20 km self-paced cycling performance in the heat
Authors: Osborne John O. , Stewart Ian B. , Borg David N. , Beagley Kenneth W. , Buhmann Robert L. , Minett Geoffrey M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the effect of 5 days of heat acclimation training on neuromuscular function, intestinal damage, and 20 km cycling (20TT) performance in the heat.

Methods
Eight recreationally trained males completed two 5-day training blocks (cycling 60 min day−1 at 50% peak power output) in a counter-balanced, cross-over design, with a 20TT completed before and after each block. Training was conducted in hot (HA: 34.9 ± 0.7 °C, 53 ± 4% relative humidity) or temperate (CON: 22.2 ± 2.6 °C, 65 ± 8% relative humidity) environment. All 20TTs were completed in the heat (35.1 ± 0.5 °C, 51 ± 4% relative humidity). Neuromuscular assessment of knee extensors (5 × 5 s maximum voluntary contraction; MVC) was completed before and after each 20TT and on the first and last days of each training block.

Results
MVC torque was statistically higher after 5 days of HA training compared to CON (mean difference = 14 N m [95% confidence interval; 6, 23]; p < 0.001; d = 0.77). However, 20TT performance after 5 days of HA training was not statistically different to CON, with a between-conditions mean difference in the completion time of 68 s [95% confidence interval; − 9, 145] (p = 0.076; d = 0.35).

Conclusion
Short-term heat acclimation training may increase knee extensor strength without changes in central fatigue or intestinal damage. Nevertheless, it is insufficient to improve 20 km self-paced cycling performance in the heat compared to workload-matched training in a temperate environment. These data suggest that recreationally trained athletes gain no worthwhile performance advantage from short-term heat-training before competing in the heat.
A validated quantification of triclosan in toothpaste using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and a 48-bit flatbed scanner
Authors: Anders Barbara , Doll Sabrina , Spangenberg Bernd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a densitometric quantification method for triclosan in toothpaste, separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and using a 48-bit flatbed scanner as the detection system. The sample was band-wise applied to HPTLC plates (10 × 20 cm), with fluorescent dye, Merck, Germany (1.05554). The plates were developed in a vertical developing chamber with 20 min of chamber saturation over 70 mm, using n-heptane–methyl tert-butyl ether–acetic acid (92:8:0.1, V/V) as solvent. The RF value of triclosan is hRF = 22.4, and quantification is based on direct measurements using an inexpensive 48-bit flatbed scanner for color measurements (in red, green, and blue) after plate staining with 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs' reagent). Evaluation of the red channel makes the measurements of triclosan very specific. For linearization, an extended Kubelka–Munk expression was used for data transformation. The range of linearity covers more than two orders of magnitude and is between 91 and 1000 ng. The separation method is inexpensive, fast and reliable.