bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual and proprioceptive feedback mechanisms of precision manual motor control in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Shafer Robin L , Wang Zheng , Bartolotti James , Mosconi Matthew W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show deficits processing sensory feedback to reactively adjust ongoing motor behaviors. Atypical reliance on visual and proprioceptive feedback each have been reported during motor behaviors in ASD suggesting that impairments are not specific to one sensory domain but may instead reflect a deficit in multisensory processing, resulting in reliance on unimodal feedback. The present study tested this hypothesis by examining motor behavior across different visual and proprioceptive feedback conditions during a visually guided precision grip force test.
Methods

Participants with ASD (N = 43) and age-matched typically developing (TD) controls (N = 23), range 10–20 years, completed a test of precision gripping. They pressed on force sensors with their index finger and thumb while receiving visual feedback on a computer screen in the form of a horizontal bar that moved upwards with increased force. They were instructed to press so that the bar reached the level of a static target bar and then to hold their grip force as steadily as possible. Visual feedback was manipulated by changing the gain of the force bar. Proprioceptive feedback was manipulated by applying 80 Hz tendon vibration at the wrist to induce an illusion of muscle elongation. Force variability (standard deviation) and irregularity (sample entropy) were examined using multilevel linear models.
Results

While TD controls showed increased force variability with the tendon vibration on compared to off, individuals with ASD showed similar levels of force variability across tendon vibration conditions. Individuals with ASD showed stronger age-associated reductions in force variability relative to controls across conditions. The ASD group also showed greater age-associated increases in force irregularity relative to controls, especially at higher gain levels and when the tendon vibrator was turned on.
Conclusions

Our findings that individuals with ASD show similar levels of force variability and regularity during induced proprioceptive illusions suggest a reduced ability to integrate proprioceptive feedback information to guide ongoing precision manual motor behavior. We also document stronger age-associated gains in force control in ASD relative to TD suggesting delayed development of multisensory feedback control of motor behavior.
Effect of unifaceted and multifaceted interventions on antibiotic prescription control for respiratory diseases: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Chang Yue , Cui Zhezhe , Yang Guanghong , He Xun , Wang Lei , Zhang Xin , Tang Lei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

The global health system is improperly using antibiotics, particularly in the treatment of respiratory diseases. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of implementing a unifaceted and multifaceted intervention for unreasonable antibiotic prescriptions.
Methods

Relevant literature published in the databases of Pubmed, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Journal Full-text (CNKI) and Wanfang was searched. Data were independently filtered and extracted by two reviewers based on a pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane collaborative bias risk tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included randomised controlled trials studies.
Results

A total of 1,074 studies were obtained of which 58 were included in the systematic review. Fifty-one studies reported positive results, that is, the primary results in the intervention groups were superior to those in the control groups. The remaining 7 studies had negative or partially negative results. In 19 studies the outcome variable was the antibiotic prescription rate with detailed reports of the number of prescriptions being further analyzed, of which 17 involved educational interventions for doctors, including: (1) Online training using email, web pages and webinar, (2) Antibiotic guidelines for information dissemination measures by email, postal or telephone reminder, (3) Training doctors in communication skills, (4) Short-term interactive educational seminars, and (5) Short-term field training sessions. Seventeen studies of interventions for health care workers also included: (6) Regular or irregular assessment/audit of antibiotic prescriptions, (7) Prescription recommendations from experts and peers delivered at a meeting or online, (8) Publicly reporting on doctors' antibiotic usage to patients, hospital administrators, and health authorities, (9) Monitoring/feedback prescribing behavior to general practices by email or poster, and (10) Studies involving patients and their families (n = 9). Seventeen randomised controlled trials were rated as having a low risk of bias while 2 randomised controlled trials were rated as having a high risk of bias.
Conclusion

The combination of education, prescription audit, prescription recommendations from experts, public reporting, prescription feedback and patient or family member multifaceted interventions can effectively reduce antibiotic prescription rates in health care institutions. Moreover, adding multifaceted interventions to educational interventions can control antibiotic prescription rates and may be a more reasonable method.
Registrations:

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42020192560.
Freestyle Aortic Root Prosthesis in Combination with Aortic Replacement and Open Anastomosis: A Retrospective Analysis.
Authors: Zientara Alicja , Rosselet-Droux Kim , Bruijnen Hans , Odavic Dragan , Genoni Michele , Dzemali Omer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Freestyle® bioprosthesis is used for pathologies of the aortic root. Additional resection of the ascending aorta and the proximal arch in dissections or aneurysms might be indicated. The aim was to assess mid-term outcome regarding prosthetic performance, stroke, reoperations, and survival in various pathologies comparing patients with and without additional procedures on the ascending aorta and proximal arch focusing on the standardized technique of unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion under moderate hypothermia. Methods: Retrospective data analysis of 278 consecutive patients after Freestyle® root replacement between September 2007 and March 2017. Patients were divided in three categories due to the pathology of the aortic root (re-operation vs endocarditis vs dissection). Two groups based on the aortic anastomosis technique (non-open arch anastomosis (non-OA) versus open arch anastomosis (OA)) were compared (119 OA vs 159 non-OA). Cardiovascular risk, previous cardiac events, intra- and postoperative data were evaluated. Inferential statistics were performed with Mann-Whitney U-test. Nominal and categorical variables were tested with Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test. Kaplan-Meier estimate was used to assess survival.Results: The follow-up rate was 90% (median follow-up: 39.5 months). There were differences in the indication (endocarditis: OA 5 (4.2%) vs non-OA 36 (24%), p<0.0001; dissection: OA 13 (10.9%) vs non-OA 2 (1.3%); p=0.0007). OA patients had less perioperative stroke (1 (1%) vs 15 (10%), p=0.001) and shorter hospital stay (9 vs 12 days, p=0.0004). There were no differences in the mortality (in-hospital: non-OA 8 (5%) vs OA 8 (7%); p=0.6; death at follow-up: non-OA 15 (11%) vs OA 5 (5%); p=0.1). Overall valve performance showed a well-functioning valve in 97.3% at follow-up.Conclusion: The valve performance showed excellent results regardless of the initial indication. The incidence of stroke was lower in patients receiving an open arch anastomosis using unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion without elevated mortality or prolonged hospital stay.
Implementing YouthCHAT – Evaluation and Development of An Implementation Framework
Authors: Martel Rhiannon , Darragh Margot , Goodyear-Smith Felicity 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Northland, New Zealand has a generally socioeconomically deprived population with a high proportion of indigenous Māori. Māori youth suffer a high rate of mental ill-health, substance misuse, and other risky behaviours. While evidence demonstrates that early detection and management of these issues leads to long-term positive health outcomes, implementation of systematic screening and intervention is challenging. This study aimed to implement YouthCHAT, a self-administered digital tool screening young people for mental health concerns and risky health behaviours, into youth services in Northland using an iterative process of implementation, evaluation, and modification, and to create a framework for national-level rollout and implementation.Methods Normalisation Process Theory and a Māori research approach informed the implementation and its evaluation. Data sources included end-user focus groups, staff surveys, field notes, and informal communications with key stakeholders. Number of YouthCHAT screens completed measured intervention uptake.Results: Ongoing staff and youth feedback led to changes in YouthCHAT which increased acceptability. Facilitating two-way communication between providers and management, providing accessible training, and improved e-health record integration assisted uptake. Contextual factors, such as establishing a bicultural co-design approach and programming remote functionality during COVID-19 lockdown, were important factors in YouthCHAT’s ultimate acceptability and implementation. Other impediments such as staff redeployed during meningococcal and measles epidemics merely required patience. An implementation framework for YouthCHAT was developed which addresses tool acceptance and uptake, requiring ongoing effective communication and coordination, and iterative evaluation.Conclusions Failure to launch may be due to the interplay between the intervention, its users, contextual factors, and wider organisational aspects. Interventions may need to be tailored to a specific context to meet the needs of users, and address organisational and system barriers. Ultimately there will only be uptake where providers see this as worthwhile. Perception that its effective use will reduce their workload serves as a valuable incentive. The participatory research and bicultural Māori approaches employed in this project eventually led to YouthCHAT’s successful implementation in Northland. Full ownership of the Northland YouthCHAT version was transferred to local stakeholders on project completion. An iterative and evaluative strategy is recommended for future implementation. While derived for a specific population, the principles are generic, and our framework should be generalisable to other settings.Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000299202p, 16-02-2018; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374532
Virtual screening of the potential hCA XII inhibitors based on the pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, MMGBSA and molecular dynamics simulations studies
Authors: Al-Sanea Mohammad M. , Chilingaryan Garri , Abelyan Narek , Arakelov Grigor , Sahakyan Harutyun , Arakelov Vahram , Hussein Shaimaa , Alazmi Gharam M. , Alsharari Haifa E. , Al-faraj Waad M. , Alruwaili Faten S. , Albilasi Nouf Q. , Alsharari Tahani S. , Alsaleh Abdulaziz A. S. , Alazmi Turki M. , Almalki Atiah H. , Alotaibi Nasser H. , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase XII (hCA XII) has gained therapeutic value in the field of medicinal chemistry as a pharmacological target and biomarker for different types of cancer. Despite the fact that interaction features of hCAs inhibitors with the catalytic site of the enzyme are well described, lack in the selectivity of the traditional hCA inhibitors is an urgent issue. This study was devoted to the identification of novel potential hCA XII inhibitors using comprehensive set of computational approaches, including generation of structure-and ligand-based pharmacophore models, molecular docking, MMGBSA calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. As the results of the study multiple potential hCA inhibitors were identified. Along with the identified derivatives of the classical hCA inhibitors (have sulfonamide motifs), several compounds with alternative chemical scaffolds, that can be considered and further investigated as potential non-classical hCA XII inhibitors, were identified.
The relations between different factors of intolerance of uncertainty and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: a network analysis
Authors: Ren Lei , Wei Zihan , Li Ye , Cui Long-Biao , Wang Yifei , Wu Lin , Wei Xinyi , Peng Jiaxi , Li Kuiliang , Jin Yinchuan , Li Fengzhan , Yang Qun , Liu Xufeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is considered as a specific risk factor in the development and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Yet, researches have investigated the relations between IU and GAD (or worry) using total scores on self-report measures. This ignores that there are two different factors exist in IU, and clinical heterogeneity and differential relations among symptoms of GAD. In the present study, we explored the relations among different factors of IU and symptoms of GAD.Methods: A dimensional approach which take individual differences into consideration in different factors of IU along a full range of normal to abnormal symptom severity levels of GAD were used in this study. Unregularized partial-correlation networks were estimated using cross-sectional data from 624 university students. Factors of IU were measured by 12-item Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and symptoms of GAD were measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Questionnaire. Results: Five edges between two factors of IU and symptoms of GAD, including edges are between “prospective anxiety” and “nervousness or anxiety”, between “prospective anxiety” and “worry too much”, between “inhibitory anxiety” and “uncontrollable worry”, between “inhibitory anxiety” and “worry too much”, and between “inhibitory anxiety” and “restlessness”. The symptom “worry too much” had the highest strength centrality in the present network. In the community of IU, factor “inhibitory anxiety” has the higher bridge strength than factor “prospective anxiety”. And in the community of GAD symptoms, symptom “worry too much” has the higher bridge strength than other symptoms.Conclusions: This study reveals the underlying relationship between factors of IU and various symptoms of GAD. These findings may provide some references for related preventions and interventions, such as targeting “worry too much” may minimize the level of both IU and GAD symptoms and focusing on “inhibitory anxiety” may be more effective at reducing symptoms of GAD than focusing on “prospective anxiety”.
Ophthalmic pathologies in an older HIV-positive Tanzanian population and their association with neurological morbidity and evaluation of a low-resource screening strategy
Authors: George Grace , Murphy Declan C , Hogg HD Jeffry , Boniface Japhet Bright , Urasa Sarah , Rwiza Justus , Uwemeye Livin , Bristow Clare , Hillsmith Grace , Rainey Emma , Walker Richard , Gray William K , Maria-Paddick Stella 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Globally, 43 million people are living with HIV, 90% in developing countries. Increasing life expectancy with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) results in chronic complications, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and eye diseases. HAND screening is currently challenging.
Objectives

To evaluate clinical utility of HIV-retinopathy as a screening measure of HAND in older cART-treated individuals in Tanzania and feasibility of smartphone-based retinal screening in this low-resource setting.
Methods

A cross-sectional systematic sample aged ≥ 50-years attending routine HIV follow-up in Tanzania were comprehensively assessed for HAND by American Academy of Neurology criteria and received ophthalmic assessment including smartphone-based retinal imaging. HAND and ophthalmic assessments were independent and blinded. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by AUROC curves.
Results

Of 129 individuals assessed, 69.8% were visually impairment. Six had suspected HIV retinopathy. HAND prevalence was 66.7%. HIV retinopathy was significantly associated with HAND but HIV-disease factors (CD4, viral load) were not. Diagnostic accuracy of HIV-retinopathy for HAND was poor (AUROC 0.545–0.617) but specificity and positive predictive value were high.
Conclusions

Ocular pathology and HAND appear highly prevalent in this low-resource setting. Although retinal screening cannot be used alone identify HAND, prioritization of individuals with abnormal retinal screening is a potential strategy in low-resource settings.
Neutralizing activity of Sputnik V vaccine sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Ikegame Satoshi , Siddiquey Mohammed , Hung Chuan-Tien , Haas Griffin , Brambilla Luca , Oguntuyo Kasopefoluwa , Kowdle Sheryas , Vilardo Ariel , Edelstein Alexis , Perandones Claudia , Kamil Jeremy , Lee Benhur 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The novel pandemic betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected at least 120 million people since its identification as the cause of a December 2019 viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China1,2. Despite the unprecedented pace of vaccine development, with six vaccines already in use worldwide, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 ‘variants of concern’ (VOC) across diverse geographic locales have prompted re-evaluation of strategies to achieve universal vaccination3. All three officially designated VOC carry Spike (S) polymorphisms thought to enable escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited during initial waves of the pandemic4–8. Here, we characterize the biological consequences of the ensemble of S mutations present in VOC lineages B.1.1.7 (501Y.V1) and B.1.351 (501Y.V2). Using a replication-competent EGFP-reporter vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) system, rcVSV-CoV2-S, which encodes S from SARS coronavirus 2 in place of VSV-G, and coupled with a clonal HEK-293T ACE2 TMPRSS2 cell line optimized for highly efficient S-mediated infection, we determined that only 1 out of 12 serum samples from a cohort of recipients of the Gamaleya Sputnik V Ad26 / Ad5 vaccine showed effective neutralization (IC90) of rcVSV-CoV2-S: B.1.351 at full serum strength. The same set of sera efficiently neutralized S from B.1.1.7 and showed only moderately reduced activity against S carrying the E484K substitution alone. Taken together, our data suggest that control of some emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants may benefit from updated vaccines.
Are Antibiotics Prescribed to Inpatients According to Recommended Standard Guidelines in Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan? A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Otim Michael Ekubu , Demaya Desmond Kabuya , Al-Marzouqi Amina M , Mukasa Jean P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance occurred at an alarming rate globally, and has limited the use of antibiotics for preventing and treating infectious diseases. Failure to follow guidelines and protocols for antibiotic use for rational therapeutics and infection control has led to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. However, there is paucity of data on the current pattern of antibiotics prescribing for hospitalised patients in South Sudan, which is among the youngest countries in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prescription and use of antibiotics at Juba Teaching Hospital (JTH) in South Sudan.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among JTH inpatients between January and December 2016. A sample of 316 files from the medical and surgical wards were extracted using probability sampling proportional to ward size. Extracted files were reviewed to determine the pattern of antibiotics administration. Data on indications for antibiotic use were also collected. All data were entered twice and analysed using STATA version 13.0.Results: In all reviewed files, patients received treatment with antibiotics. Antibiotic use was highest in the medical ward (75.4%). Conditions in which antibiotic use was most prevalent were infectious and parasitic diseases (23.7%) and diseases of the digestive system (19.9%). The top three antibiotics prescribed were ceftriaxone (21.2%), metronidazole (20.0%) and amoxicillin (11.5%). The majority of patients (40.2%) were treated with two antibiotics. Conclusions: This study revealed a high level of inappropriate antibiotics use at JJTH. Furthermore, there is non-adherence to national/international guidelines in administration of these antibiotics among doctors. It is necessary to introduce antibiotic stewardship activity, along with continuous national surveillance and enforcement to reduce irrational antibiotics use and the associated risk for antibiotic resistance.
Enhancing Recruitment Using Teleconference and Commitment Contract (ERUTECC): a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial within the EFFECTS trial
Authors: Isaksson Eva , Näsman Per , Wester Per , Laska Ann-Charlotte , Lundström Erik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Two out of three randomised controlled trials fail to meet their recruitment goals. Recruitment to EFFECTS, a trial of fluoxetine for stroke recovery was slower than anticipated. We aimed to evaluate an intervention to improve recruitment to EFFECTS.Methods: We performed a stepped wedge, cluster randomised trial embedded in the ongoing EFFECTS trial. The Enhancing Recruitment Using Teleconference and Commitment Contract (ERUTECC) comprised a structured teleconference with the study personnel and the head of department supplemented by a commitment contract. ERUTECC’s primary outcome was the number of patients recruited into EFFECTS per 60 days per site. We compared the recruitment 60 days before the intervention with 60 days after and considered at least a 20% increase to be a positive outcome. All centres started as controls and were followed by 60 days observation. The order in which the centres began was decided through block randomisation.Results: At randomisation, EFFECTS had 29 active centres. ERUTECC recruited 20 centres between 9th Nov 2017 and 30th June 2018, providing 80 site months of observation for the primary analysis.The inclusion rate was 1.9 patient/centre/60 days before the intervention and 2.1 patient/centre/60 days after the intervention, representing a 10% overall increase. However, the recruitment increased more than 20% the first 30 days after the intervention. We also noted that inclusion rate increased directly after the first contact with the centres, announcing a future telephone conference. Some centres changed their screening process, transferring the task from doctors to nurses.Conclusions: Although a teleconference with the study personnel and the head of department accompanied by a commitment contract did not increase recruitment to an RCT by more than 20%, 60 days post intervention, recruitment improved during the first month, especially at low-recruitment centres.Trial registration : The ERUTECC study was registered in the Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research Studies Within a Trial Repository (SWAT58) 30 April 2017. https://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/TheNorthernIrelandNetworkforTrialsMethodologyResearch/SWATSWARInformation/Repositories/SWATStore/EFFECTS was retrospectively registered 2 February 2016 in ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02683213.