bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERS and DFT studies of 2‐(trichloroacetyl)pyrrole chemisorbed on the surface of silver and gold coated thin films: In perspective of biosensor applications
Authors: Premkumar R. , Hussain Shamima , Koyambo‐Konzapa Stève‐Jonathan , Jayram Naidu Dhanpal , Meera M.R. , Mathavan T. , Benial A. Milton Franklin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe adsorption and orientations of 2‐(trichloroacetyl)pyrrole (TCAP) adsorbed on a fabricated silver‐coated thin film (SCF), and gold‐coated thin film (GCF) were investigated using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies and compared with the normal Raman scattering (nRs) spectrum of TCAP. The observed nRs and SERS spectra of TCAP were validated theoretically using DFT quantum chemical calculations. Initially, the molecular structure of TCAP, TCAP‐Ag3, and TCAP‐Au4 molecular systems were optimized and analyzed. The fabricated SCF and GCF are characterized using FESEM analysis, which confirms that the silver and gold nanoparticles of the corresponding films are spherical in shape. The obtained significant red‐shift in UV‐visible spectra of TCAP added on SCF and GCF surfaces reveal that the TCAP strongly adsorbed on SCF and GCF surfaces. The frontier molecular orbitals analysis authenticates the charge‐transfer interaction from Ag3 and Au4 metal clusters to the TCAP molecule, leading to the adsorption of TCAP molecule on Ag3 and Au4 metal clusters, which validates the UV‐vis results. SERS spectral analysis confirms that the TCAP chemisorbed on SCF and GCF surfaces with tilted orientation and the corresponding results were validated theoretically. The calculated SERS enhancement factor values illustrate that the GCF surface exhibits a higher SERS signal enhancement than the SCF surface. Therefore, the present investigation will be useful for the development of active SERS substrates and pyrrole‐related biosensors.
Data‐Driven Modification of the LI‐RADS Major Feature System on Gadoxetate Disodium‐Enhanced MRI: Toward Better Sensitivity and Simplicity
Authors: Jiang Hanyu , Song Bin , Qin Yun , Wei Yi , Konanur Meghana , Wu Yuanan , Zaki Islam H. , McInnes Matthew D.F. , Lafata Kyle J. , Bashir Mustafa R. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) is widely accepted as a reliable diagnostic scheme for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in at‐risk patients. However, its application is hampered by substantial complexity and suboptimal diagnostic sensitivity.PurposeTo propose data‐driven modifications to the LI‐RADS version 2018 (v2018) major feature system (rLI‐RADS) on gadoxetate disodium (EOB)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve sensitivity and simplicity while maintaining high positive predictive value (PPV) for detecting HCC.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwo hundred and twenty‐four consecutive at‐risk patients (training dataset: 169, independent testing dataset: 55) with 742 LR‐3 to LR‐5 liver observations (HCC: N = 498 [67%]) were analyzed from a prospective observational registry collected between July 2015 and September 2018.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T/T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo, diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo based echo‐planar and three‐dimensional (3D) T1‐weighted gradient echo sequences.AssessmentAll images were evaluated by three independent abdominal radiologists who were blinded to all clinical, pathological, and follow‐up information. Composite reference standards of either histopathology or imaging follow‐up were used.Statistical TestsIn the training dataset, LI‐RADS v2018 major features were used to develop rLI‐RADS based on their associated PPV for HCC. In an independent testing set, diagnostic performances of LI‐RADS v2018 and rLI‐RADS were computed using a generalized estimating equation model and compared with McNemar's test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) size of liver observations was 13 mm (7–27 mm). The diagnostic table for rLI‐RADS encompassed 9 cells, as opposed to 16 cells for LI‐RADS v2018. In the testing set, compared to LI‐RADS v2018, rLI‐RADS category 5 demonstrated a significantly superior sensitivity (76% vs. 61%) while maintaining comparably high PPV (92.5% vs. 94.1%, P = 0.126).Data ConclusionCompared with LI‐RADS v2018, rLI‐RADS demonstrated improved simplicity and significantly superior diagnostic sensitivity for HCC in at‐risk patients.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Entrepreneurship and source of finance: The case of Indian women microentrepreneurs
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Mor Surender 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnterprise characteristics like the firm's age, nature of business activities, and location of the firm are significantly associated with the funding of women microentrepreneurs, where the role of entrepreneurial traits like age, education, and marital status turned insignificant. The microenterprises having more years into operation engaged in manufacturing and service business activities and operating from home locations have shown more inclination toward self‐raised finance to meet their business finance requirements. There was found a dire need for opening up the trading business segment away from home locations, besides explicitly professionally addressing the need for finance in microbusinesses managed by women in the rural area.
Second Primary Tumors in Patients Presenting With Unilateral HPV‐Associated Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: McMillan Ryan A. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Yin Linda X. , Routman David M. , Ma Daniel J. , Neben Wittich Michelle A. , Price Daniel L. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Price Katharine R. , Chintakuntlawar Ashish V. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo describe and compare rates of metachronous and synchronous second primaries of the contralateral tonsil in patients with primary HPV(+) tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.Materials and MethodsThis is a single tertiary care center retrospective case series, from 2006 to 2019, of HPV(+) tonsillar SCC patients who underwent primary surgical resection with unilateral wide‐field tonsillectomy or bilateral tonsillectomy for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. A metachronous second primary is one diagnosed >6 months after completion of surgical treatment. A synchronous second primary is one diagnosed during bilateral tonsillectomy for unilateral HPV(+) tonsillar SCC. Rates of second primary and patient characteristics were compared using chi‐square tests.ResultsAbout 303 patients underwent unilateral surgical resection +/− adjuvant therapy for HPV(+) tonsillar SCC. One (0.3%) developed a metachronous second primary in the contralateral tonsil 11.9 years following treatment. Fifty‐seven patients with HPV(+) tonsillar SCC underwent bilateral tonsillectomy, and 37/57 (65%) had no clinical signs for contralateral disease. Of these, only 1/37 (2.7%) was incidentally found to have a synchronous second primary. Twenty patients underwent bilateral tonsillectomy due to clinical concern for contralateral disease. Of these, 3/20 (15%) were found to have a synchronous HPV(+) SCC in the contralateral tonsil.ConclusionsThe prevalence of metachronous second primary after appropriate treatment of HPV(+) tonsillar SCC is very low (0.3%) and so is the chance of incidentally discovering a synchronous second primary during bilateral tonsillectomy (2.7%). We do not recommend bilateral tonsillectomy as a part of the routine algorithm in the surgical management of these patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:332–338, 2022
Clinical profile and impact of comorbidities in patients with very‐late‐onset myasthenia gravis
Authors: Vijayan Joy , Menon Deepak , Barnett Carolina , Katzberg Hans , Lovblom Leif Erik , Bril Vera 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical profile of myasthenia gravis (MG) in older patients and determine the impact of medical comorbidities on their MG status and outcome.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of patients with a symptom onset of MG at or after 65 years of age. Correlations were made between demographics, clinical characteristics, the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) severity scale scores, and Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (MGII) scores with two outcome measures: MGFA Post‐Intervention Status (MGFA‐PIS) and Simple Single Question (SSQ).ResultsThe study population included 109 patients, with 90 of them having more than one follow‐up visit. Their mean age was 75.3 ± 6.9 years and sex distribution was even. Of these patients, 67.7% had generalized MG. Nine‐one percent of patients had one comorbidity. None of the demographic factors or comorbidities showed an association with MGFA‐PIS, SSQ, or MGII after correction for multiple comparisons. Seventy‐one percent of the patients improved with treatment, 12.4% remained unchanged, and 16.6% showed worsening at their last follow‐up visit.DiscussionOur study shows that patients with very‐late‐onset MG had a good prognosis and treatment response. None of the comorbidities had an impact on the severity of myasthenic symptoms or on outcome in these patients.
Simulation of buried cylindrical/spherical explosions in a soil medium using the semi‐analytical solution of a cavity expansion problem
Authors: Feldgun Vladimir R. , Yankelevsky David Z. , Karinski Yuri S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe existing literature on the dynamic spherical/cylindrical cavity expansion (CCE) due to pressure loading at the cavity boundary, shows that all the analytical solutions deal with constant pressure only. A general solution is developed for the non‐stationary dynamic problem of a cavity expansion, due to prescribed pressure time‐history applied at the cavity boundary. This solution can be applied for different problems such as the response of a medium in the event of a buried explosion. This is a rather complex non‐linear non‐stationary problem, and the attempt to develop an analytical or a semi‐analytical solution of the problem suggests adopting simplified constitutive relationships. In the present study, a simplified material model is implemented, representing the medium by a locked equation of state (EOS) and a linear shear failure relationship. This solution is intended for a soil medium and may be applied as well to rock and concrete media and other materials that may be described by these constitutive models. The paper derives a semi‐analytical solution for the cavity boundary motion due to a variable pressure acting on the cavity boundary and provides the analytical expressions for the radial stress variation in the medium. The developed solution is applied to problems of spherical and cylindrical buried explosions in different soil media. The results obtained by the developed model are compared to presently available solutions and experimental data reported in the literature, and good agreement is obtained.
Oxidative Conversion of Glucose to Formic Acid as a Renewable Hydrogen Source Using an Abundant Solid Base Catalyst
Authors: Takagaki Atsushi , Obata Wataru , Ishihara Tatsumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFormic acid is one of the most desirable liquid hydrogen carriers. The selective production of formic acid from monosaccharides in water under mild reaction conditions using solid catalysts was investigated. Calcium oxide, an abundant solid base catalyst available from seashell or limestone by thermal decomposition, was found to be the most active of the simple oxides tested, with formic acid yields of 50 % and 66 % from glucose and xylose, respectively, in 1.4 % H2O2 aqueous solution at 343 K for 30 min. The main reaction pathway is a sequential formation of formic acid from glucose by C−C bond cleavage involving aldehyde groups in the acyclic form. The reaction also involves base‐catalyzed aldose‐ketose isomerization and retroaldol reaction, resulting in the formation of fructose and trioses including glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone. These intermediates were further decomposed into formic acid or glycolic acid. The catalytic activity remained unchanged for further reuse by a simple post‐calcination.
Case series of pediatric mediastinal granuloma related to histoplasmosis
Authors: Carr Katherine , Loyd James , Lentz Robert , Danko Melissa , O'Connor Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionMediastinal granuloma (MG) is a postinfectious complication of histoplasmosis that remains a rare diagnosis in the pediatric literature. This case series presents a well phenotyped population to further characterize this disease process.MethodsThirty cases of MG in children under 21 years‐of‐age presenting over a 16‐year period were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsSeventy‐five percent of patients presented with respiratory symptoms. Histoplasma antigen was negative in 90%. Histoplasma antibody was positive in 100%. Fine needle aspirates were positive for histoplasma in 31% whereas excisional biopsy was positive in 71%. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was negative for histoplasma in all cases where performed. Computed tomography revealed 53% of MGs were right paratracheal, 60% had internal calcifications, and 23% had splenic calcifications. Sixteen patients (53%) were managed with medical therapies only, with 7 (44%) treated with steroids and antifungals and 7 (44%) with antifungals alone. The remaining 14 patients (47%) underwent surgical excision and 9 were also treated with antifungals (64%). Bronchial compression was the most common comorbidity within the medically managed only group whereas vascular compression and fistulation were most common within the surgically managed group.ConclusionRespiratory symptoms should raise suspicion for MG. Diagnostic evidence of MG includes positive histoplasma serologies, right paratracheal location, internal calcifications, and splenic calcifications. Bronchoscopy, BAL and needle biopsies provide minimal diagnostic benefit. Antifungals are used in the majority of cases, whereas steroids are used most often in non‐surgically managed patients with airway compression. Indications for surgical resection are less defined, but include vascular compression and fistulation unresponsive to medical treatment.
Primary synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum: a poor prognosis in a 14‐year‐old girl
Authors: Saad Asma , Bouacida Imen , Ben Radhia Bechir , Zribi Hazem , Dridi Amira , Marghli Adel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSynovial sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma. Its occurrence as a primary mediastinal neoplasm is very rare. We report a case of mediastinal synovial sarcoma in a 14‐year‐old girl with exertive dyspnoea at presentation. On physical examination, there was a superior vena cava syndrome and café‐au‐lait spots. Chest X‐ray revealed a white left hemithorax with mediastinal deviation to the opposite side. Thoraco‐abdomino‐pelvic scanner showed a voluminous posterior cervico‐mediastinal tissue mass. Computed tomography (CT)‐guided biopsy of the mediastino‐pleural mass was performed. Histological examination reported fusocellular malignant mesenchymal proliferation. A complementary immunohistological study with a broad range of antibodies was performed with a high‐grade single‐phase spindle cell synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum. She presented a respiratory distress, did not respond to resuscitation, and died. Mediastinal synovial sarcoma is a rare tumour that is difficult to diagnose. Its slow progression and delay in diagnosis may lead to a fatal evolution.
Delay‐dependent stability analysis and stabilization of stochastic time‐delay systems governed by the Poisson process and Brownian motion
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Ya , Park Ju H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the delay‐dependent stability and stabilization problems for stochastic time‐delay systems (STDSs) governed by the Poisson process and Brownian motion. First, this article exploits the decomposition of semimartingale to transform STDSs governed by the Poisson process and Brownian motion into STDSs governed by martingales, and then one can use effective properties and tools of martingale theory to investigate the stability and stabilization problems. Second, the expectations of stochastic crossterms involving stochastic integrals with respect to (w.r.t.) càdlàg martingale have been studied by martingale theory, and this article proves that the expectations of some particular stochastic crossterms are zero. Third, on the basis of above results on the expectations of stochastic crossterms and the equivalent Itô formula derived, this article uses the free weighting matrix method to give a delay‐dependent stability condition without using bounding techniques. Thus, the conservatism induced by bounding techniques is eliminated, and this method leads to a less conservative condition by a linear matrix inequality. Then, this article designs a state‐feedback controller which can stabilize the STDS governed by the Poisson process and Brownian motion. Finally, the effectiveness of derived results are illustrated by numerical examples.
pH‐Triggered Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced Labeling and Long‐Term CT Imaging Tracking of Stem Cells in Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment
Authors: Yu Chenggong , Chen Zhongjin , Li Xiaodi , Bao Hongying , Wang Yujie , Zhang Bo , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) pose a great challenge in the development of nanotracers that can self‐adaptively alter their properties in response to certain cellular environments for long‐term stem cell tracking. Herein, pH‐sensitive Au nanotracers (CPP‐PSD@Au) are fabricated by sequential coupling of AuNPs with sulfonamide‐based polymer (PSD) and cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP), which can be efficiently internalized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and undergo pH‐induced self‐assembly in endosomes, facilitating long‐term computed tomography (CT) imaging tracking MSCs in a murine model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Using the CPP‐PSD@Au, the transplanted MSCs for the first time can be monitored with CT imaging for up to 35 days after transplantation into the lung of IPF mice, clearly elucidating the migration process of MSCs in vivo. Moreover, we preliminarily explored the mechanism of the CPP‐PSD@Au labeled MSCs in the alleviation of IPF, including recovery of alveolar integrity, decrease of collagen deposition, as well as down‐regulation of relevant cytokine level. This work facilitates our understanding of the behavior and effect of MSCs in the therapy of IPF, thereby providing an important insight into the stem cell‐based treatment of lung diseases.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Oxidation of Saturated Hydrocarbons with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Komiya Naruyoshi , Murahashi Shun‐Ichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe C−H oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons to the corresponding alcohols and ketones can be performed efficiently at room temperature with molecular oxygen (1 atm) in the presence of acetaldehyde and catalysts such as Fe, Cu(OH)2, and CuCl2‐18‐crown‐6 complex. Moreover, extremely high turnover numbers (>27,000) have been obtained for the C−H oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons with molecular oxygen (1 atm) using a combination of Cu(OAc)2 and acetonitrile at 70 °C. Related oxidation reactions such as epoxidation, Baeyer‐Villiger reaction, acetoxylation of β‐lactams with molecular oxygen and a suitable aldehyde at room temperature are described.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Transparency and integrated assessment modeling
Authors: Skea Jim , Shukla Priyadarshi , Al Khourdajie Alaa , McCollum David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntegrated assessment models (IAMs) connect trends in future socioeconomic and technological development with impacts on the environment, such as global climate change. They occupy a critical position at the global science‐policy interface. IAMs and associated scenarios have come under intense scrutiny, with critiques addressing both methodological and substantive issues, such as land use, carbon dioxide removal and technology performance. Criticisms have also addressed the transparency of IAM methods and assumptions as well as the transparency of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment of IAMs. This paper, authored by the co‐chairs of IPCC Working Group III and members of the Technical Support Unit, documents activities aiming to enhance the transparency of IAMs and their assessment. It includes a history of IPCC's approach to scenarios covering the formation of the Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium (IAMC) in 2007 and the emergence of the approach by which IPCC facilitates the development of scenarios, but does not produce them itself. An IPCC Expert Meeting at the start of the current assessment cycle made transparency recommendations targeted at both the research community and IPCC. The community has taken steps to “open the black box” by moving toward open‐source and web‐publishing IAM documentation. IPCC has included an Annex to its next report focusing on scenarios and modeling methodologies. An open call for scenario data linked to the current IPCC report includes an expanded set of input and output variables. This paper ends with suggested criteria for measuring the success of these efforts to improve transparency.This article is categorized under:
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Applications of Integrated Assessment to Climate Change
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Assessment Modeling
Comment on “The phase diagram of the multi-matrix model with ABAB-interaction from functional renormalization”
Authors: Perez-Sanchez Carlos I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, [JHEP12 131 (2020)] obtained (a similar, scaled version of) the (a, b)-phase diagram derived from the Kazakov-Zinn-Justin solution of the Hermitian two-matrix model with interactions$$ -\mathrm{Tr}\left\{\frac{a}{4}\left({A}^4+{B}^4\right)+\frac{b}{2} ABAB\right\}, $$
−
Tr

a
4

A
4

+

B
4

+

b
2

ABAB

,
starting from Functional Renormalization. We comment on something unexpected: the phase diagram of [JHEP12 131 (2020)] is based on a βb-function that does not have the one-loop structure of the Wetterich-Morris equation. This raises the question of how to reproduce the phase diagram from a set of β-functions that is, in its totality, consistent with Functional Renormalization. A non-minimalist, yet simple truncation that could lead to the phase diagram is provided. Additionally, we identify the ensemble for which the result of op. cit. would be entirely correct.
Two-loop QCD penguin contribution to the width difference in Bs − $$ {\overline{B}}_s $$ mixing
Authors: Gerlach Marvin , Nierste Ulrich , Shtabovenko Vladyslav , Steinhauser Matthias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider two-loop QCD corrections to the element $$ {\Gamma}_{12}^q $$

Γ
12
q

of the decay matrix in Bq−$$ {\overline{B}}_q $$

B
¯

q

mixing, q = d, s, in the leading power of the Heavy Quark Expansion. The calculated contributions involve one current-current and one penguin operator and constitute the next step towards a theory prediction for the width difference ∆Γs matching the precise experimental data. We present compact analytic results for all matching coefficients in an expansion in mc/mb up to second order. Our new corrections are comparable in size to the current experimental error and slightly increase ∆Γs.