bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of ATP release in pain: role of pannexin and connexin channels
Authors: Muñoz Manuel F. , Griffith Theanne N. , Contreras Jorge E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPain is a physiological response to bodily damage and serves as a warning of potential threat. Pain can also transform from an acute response to noxious stimuli to a chronic condition with notable emotional and psychological components that requires treatment. Indeed, the management of chronic pain is currently an important unmet societal need. Several reports have implicated the release of the neurotransmitter adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors in distinct pain etiologies. Purinergic receptors are broadly expressed in peripheral neurons and the spinal cord; thus, purinergic signaling in sensory neurons or in spinal circuits may be critical for pain processing. Nevertheless, an outstanding question remains: what are the mechanisms of ATP release that initiate nociceptive signaling? Connexin and pannexin channels are established conduits of ATP release and have been suggested to play important roles in a variety of pathologies, including several models of pain. As such, these large-pore channels represent a new and exciting putative pharmacological target for pain treatment. Herein, we will review the current evidence for a role of connexin and pannexin channels in ATP release during nociceptive signaling, such as neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Collectively, these studies provide compelling evidence for an important role of connexins and pannexins in pain processing.
Alternatives or syntactic negation? Adults’ and children’s preferences for constructing counterfactual possibilities
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Jesica , Moreno-Ríos Sergio , Frosch Caren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReasoning with counterfactuals such as “if his sister had entered silently, the child would have been awake”, requires considering what is conjectured (“his sister entered silently”) and what is the counterfactual possibility (“his sister did not enter silently”). In two experiments, we test how both adults (Study 1) and children from 8 to 12 years (Study 2) construct counterfactual possibilities about the cause of an effect (“the child was awake because…”). We test specifically whether people construct the counterfactual possibility by recovering alternatives, for example, “the alarm clock sounded” or by using the syntactic negation using propositional symbols (“his sister did not enter silently”). Moreover, as children show difficulty in thinking with abstract contents, we test whether they construct the counterfactual possibility more readily by recovering concrete alternatives (“the alarm clock sounded”) rather than abstract alternatives (“he had trouble sleeping”). Results showed that children, as well as adults, recovered the alternative as the cause of the effect rather than the negation. Moreover, children, unlike adults, created the counterfactual possibility more frequently by recovering concrete situations rather than abstract situations.
Multimodal Modeling: Bridging Biosemiotics and Social Semiotics
Authors: Olteanu Alin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explores a semiotic notion of body as starting point for bridging biosemiotic with social semiotic theory. The cornerstone of the argument is that the social semiotic criticism of the classic view of meaning as double articulation can support the criticism of language-centrism that lies at the foundation of biosemiotics. Besides the pragmatic epistemological advantages implicit in a theoretical synthesis, I argue that this brings a semiotic contribution to philosophy of mind broadly. Also, it contributes to overcoming the polemic in linguistics between, loosely put, cognitive universalism and cultural relativism. This possibility is revealed by the recent convergence of various semiotic theories towards a criticism of the classic notion of meaning as double articulation. In biosemiotics, the interest to explicate meaning as multiply articulated stems from the construal ofUmweltas relying on the variety of sense perception channels and semiotic systems that a species has at its disposal. Recently, social semiotics developed an unexplored interest for embodiment by starting from the other end, namely the consideration of the modal heterogeneity of meaning. To bridge these notions, I employ the cognitive semantic notion of embodiment and Mittelberg’s cognitive semiotic notion of exbodiment. In light of these, I explore the possible intricacies between the biosemiotic notion of primary modeling system and concepts referring to preconceptual structures for knowledge organization stemming from cognitive linguistics. Further, Mittelberg’s concept of exbodiment allows for a construal of meaning articulation as mediation between the exbodying and embodying directions of mind.
Contrasting Narratives of Race and Fatness in Covid-19
Authors: Chellappoo Azita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe slogan that ‘the virus doesn’t discriminate’ has been belied by the emergence of stark and persistent disparities in rates of infection, hospitalisation, and death from Covid-19 between various social groups. I focus on two groups that have been disproportionately affected, and that have been constructed or designated as particularly ‘at-risk’ during the Covid-19 pandemic: racial or ethnic minorities and fat people. I trace the range of narratives that have arisen in the context of explaining these disparities, in both the scientific literature and wider expert and public discourse. I show that the scientific and public narratives around these groups have differed significantly, revealing contested and competing conceptions of the basis of these categories themselves. These different conceptions have important impacts on the kinds of interventions that become possible or desirable. I show that in the case of racial or ethnic disparities, genetic narratives have been combatted by a strong focus on structural racism as a driver of pandemic inequalities. However, in the case of fatness, individualising and stigmatising narratives have dominated discussions. I suggest that, given racial or ethnic differences in prevalence of fatness, and scholarship casting anti-fatness as historically racialised, the stigmatisation of fatness disproportionately affects racial or ethnic minorities in terms of placing individual blame or responsibility for the increased burden of Covid-19 on these groups. Despite widespread acknowledgement of the role of structural racism in driving racial inequalities in the burden of Covid-19, anti-obesity rhetoric and research provides a ‘backdoor’ to placing blame on individuals from racial minorities.
Kinematics of a screw linkage
Authors: Zhao Jing-Shan , Wei Song-Tao , Ji Junjie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a kinematics methodology in twist coordinates for screw linkages. Based on the definition of a twist, both the angular velocity of a link and the linear velocity of a point on it may be explicitly represented in twist coordinates. Through integration on the twist solution numerically or analytically, we may obtain the displacements. By differential or numerical differential interpolation of the twist, we can find the accelerations of the link. The most outstanding advantage of this kinematic algorithm is that only the numerical differential interpolation of the first order is required to calculate the acceleration while only the first order integration of the twist is enough to compute the displacement. This merit makes it particularly fit for developing programmes to accomplish the kinematics analysis of a spatial linkage.
The long-term stability of residual stresses in steel
Authors: Mueller Eckehard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is frequent debate over the long-term stability of calibration specimens. It is an essential component of monitoring, especially for X-ray diffraction equipment used to determine residual stresses. If residual stresses are stable, a second consideration is that the residual stress should not be close to 0 MPa. If such specimens are available for monitoring, it is more sensitive concerning changes. These are key requirements when developing calibration specimens. In this study five specimens were observed, one of them was tested for more than 20 years. The stresses were determined with X-ray diffractometers. In the last four years two different X-ray methods for determination were used. It can be shown that high compressive residual stress does not change in steel if the specimens had no dynamic or static load and were stored under normal laboratory conditions.

Article Highlights

Finding a material in which compressive residual stress is stable

Showing that the stability of compressive residual stress is over a long term

The stability of the compressive residual stress is in a great range
Bioeconomy and Circular Economy: Implications for Economic Evaluation in the Post-COVID Era
Authors: Viaggi Davide , Zavalloni Matteo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to review selected insights about the current economic research on the Bioeconomy and circular economy, with a particular focus for the role of primary sector, and to derive implications for organisation, evaluation and valuation practice in the context of the post-COVID era. A framework for the analysis of optimal level of circularity and related economic and evaluation concepts is developed for this purpose. We highlight how higher focus on circularity will increase the complexity of market relationships, contributing to flexibility, but also to uncertainty. The paper argues that these issues will become more important in the post-COVID era, due to the plea for increasing Bioeconomy resilience. New organisational concepts and models are hence needed. Evaluation, on the other hand, will need to be embedded even more in the decision-making processes, in spite of the increasing uncertainty and difficulties in evaluation.
Representing the Disadvantaged
Authors: McNally Katrina F. 
Published: November 2021

The limited attention Congress gives to disadvantaged or marginalized groups, including Black Americans, LGBTQ, Latinx, women, and the poor, is well known and often remarked upon. This is the first full-length study to focus instead on those members who do advocate for these groups and when and why they do so. Katrina F. McNally develops the concept of an 'advocacy window' that develops as members of Congress consider incorporating disadvantaged group advocacy into their legislative portfolios. Using new data, she analyzes the impact of constituency factors, personal demographics, and institutional characteristics on the likelihood that members of the Senate or House of Representatives will decide to cultivate a reputation as a disadvantaged group advocate. By comparing legislative activism across different disadvantaged groups rather than focusing on one group in isolation, this study provides fresh insight into the tradeoffs members face as they consider taking up issues important to different groups. This title is available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Hegel and the Problem of Affluence
Authors: HEISENBERG THIMO 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is widely known that Hegel'sPhilosophy of Rightrecognizes poverty as one of the central problems of modern civil society. What is much less well known, however, is that Hegel sees yet another structural problem at theopposite side of the economic spectrum: a problem of affluence. Indeed, as I show in this essay, Hegel's text contains a detailed—yet sometimes overlooked—discussion of the detrimental psychological and sociological effects of great wealth and how to counter them. By bringing this discussion to the fore, we get a more complete picture of Hegel's theory of civil society (and of some of its central concepts, such as ‘the rabble') and shed light on an aspect of Hegel's social philosophy that speaks to problems we face today.
Arabidopsis sepals: A model system for the emergent process of morphogenesis
Authors: Roeder Adrienne H. K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During development, Arabidopsis thaliana sepal primordium cells grow, divide and interact with their neighbours, giving rise to a sepal with the correct size, shape and form. Arabidopsis sepals have proven to be a good system for elucidating the emergent processes driving morphogenesis due to their simplicity, their accessibility for imaging and manipulation, and their reproducible development. Sepals undergo a basipetal gradient of growth, with cessation of cell division, slow growth and maturation starting at the tip of the sepal and progressing to the base. In this review, I discuss five recent examples of processes during sepal morphogenesis that yield emergent properties: robust size, tapered tip shape, laminar shape, scattered giant cells and complex gene expression patterns. In each case, experiments examining the dynamics of sepal development led to the hypotheses of local rules. In each example, a computational model was used to demonstrate that these local rules are sufficient to give rise to the emergent properties of morphogenesis.
Adolph Hummel: Music Publisher in Eighteenth-Century London
Authors: Simlett-Moss Joyce 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdolph Hummel, from Hesse, established in Soho a music publishing business that lasted 12 years (1760–1772). His publishing strategy differed in several ways from that commonly adopted by London publishers: he published only foreign-born (mostly German or Italian) composers; he did not issue vocal music; and, while taking the common routes of advertising his publications by notices in contemporary newspapers and listing issues in the imprints to title pages, he was highly unusual in that he produced no catalogue. He was also unusual in obtaining a royal licence to protect his copyright. He was the first publisher in London to issue a string quartet, and possibly the first to add violin accompaniments to already-published solo harpsichord sonatas to create accompanied sonatas. He was probably related to the Hummel music publishing brothers of the Netherlands. Personal information about him is hard to come by, but we know that Frau Anna Maria Mozart was godmother to his youngest child; he was a particular friend of J. C. Bach; he was prosecuted, for an undisclosed reason, by the musician Rudolf Straube; and he was the founder of three generations of the musical ‘English Hummells’. The final part of this article comprises a detailed catalogue of Hummel’s publications.
Turning Wages into Capital Differentiation on the Market for Unsecured Loans in the United States, 1900-1945
Authors: Bittmann Simon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we show how interpretive battles about compliance can lead to regulatory differentiation and, in turn, market segmentation. To do so, we study the evolution of unsecured lending in the United States, between 1900 and 1945. In the early 20th century, a large segment of the workforce relied on their wages to access credit: this required the “legal coding” of labor income into capital, where lenders would offer advances in exchange for a lien over future revenues. Regulating these transactions raised conflicts between Progressive reformers, lenders and, after 1929, federal regulators, which spanned over five decades. The historical comparison of three states—Illinois, New York and Georgia—, shows that local discussions revolved around three outcomes—legal status, pricing method and collateralization—, the issue of which led to distinct regulatory paths and market configurations at the state level. Finally, the New Deal policies created an additional strand of federal coding, furthering market divides between unregulated payday lenders, non-bank credit companies, and commercial banks. On financial markets, discussions about compliance often revolve around calculative technologies, and we suggest this as a possible crossing point between STS analyses of capitalization devices and Pistor’s theory of capital modulation.
Association between exposome score for schizophrenia and functioning in first-episode psychosis: results from the Athens first-episode psychosis research study
Authors: Erzin Gamze , Pries Lotta-Katrin , Dimitrakopoulos Stefanos , Ralli Irene , Xenaki Lida-Alkisti , Soldatos Rigas – Filippos , Vlachos Ilias , Selakovic Mirjana , Foteli Stefania , Kosteletos Ioannis , Nianiakas Nikos , Mantonakis Leonidas , Rizos Emmanouil , Kollias Konstantinos , Van Os Jim , Guloksuz Sinan , Stefanis Nikos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that environmental factors not only increase psychosis liability but also influence the prognosis and outcomes of psychotic disorders. We investigated temporal and cross-sectional associations of a weighted score of cumulative environmental liability for schizophrenia – the exposome score for schizophrenia (ES-SCZ) – with functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsData were derived from the baseline and 1-month assessments of the Athens FEP Research Study that enrolled 225 individuals with FEP. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) were used to measure social, occupational, and psychological functioning. The ES-SCZ was calculated based on the previously validated method.ResultsES-SCZ was associated with the total scores of GAF and PSP at baseline and 1-month assessments. These findings remained significant when accounting for several associated alternative explanatory variables, including other environmental factors (obstetric complications, migration, ethnic minority), clinical characteristics (duration of untreated psychosis, symptom severity, previous antipsychotic use), and family history of psychosis, demonstrating that the association between ES-SCZ and functioning is over and above other risk factors and cannot be explained by symptom severity alone. Functioning improved from baseline to 1-month assessment, but no significant ES-SCZ-by-time interaction was found on functioning, indicating that functioning changes were not contingent on ES-SCZ.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that rather than a predictor of functional improvement, ES-SCZ represents a stable severity indicator that captures poor functioning in early psychosis. Environmental risk loading for schizophrenia (ES-SCZ) can be beneficial for clinical characterization and incorporated into transdiagnostic staging models.
Utilising electroanatomic mapping during ablation in patients with CHD to reduce radiation exposure
Authors: Rahman Maryam , Moore Jeremy P. , Papagiannis John , Smith Grace , Anderson Chris , Shannon Kevin M. , Razminia Mansour , Tuzcu Volkan , McNinch Neil L. , Shauver Lisa M. , Clark John M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:Patients with CHD can be exposed to high levels of cumulative ionising radiation. Utilisation of electroanatomic mapping during catheter ablation leads to reduced radiation exposure in the general population but has not been well studied in patients with CHD. This study evaluated the radiation sparing benefit of using three-dimensional mapping in patients with CHD.Methods:Data were retrospectively collected from the Catheter Ablation with Reduction or Elimination of Fluoroscopy multi-institutional registry. Patients with CHD were selected. Those with previous ablations, concurrent diagnostic or interventional catheterisation and unknown arrhythmogenic foci were excluded. The control cohort was matched for operating physician, arrhythmia mechanism, arrhythmia location, weight and age. The procedure time, rate of fluoroscopy use, fluoroscopy time, procedural success, complications, and distribution of procedures per year were compared between the two groups.Results:Fifty-six patients with congenital heart disease and 56 matched patients without CHD were included. The mean total procedure time was significantly higher in patients with CHD (212.6 versus 169.5 minutes, p = 0.003). Their median total fluoroscopy time was 4.4 minutes (compared to 1.8 minutes), and their rate of fluoroscopy use was 23% (compared to 13%). The acute success and minor complication rates were similar and no major complications occurred.Conclusions:With the use of electroanatomic mapping during catheter ablation, fluoroscopy use can be reduced in patients with CHD. The majority of patients with CHD received zero fluoroscopy.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: does variance in treatment responses also add to the conundrum? The widening gap in the evidence is a signal needing attention
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Gupta Nihit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe new diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) was introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, to address the overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. However, there are ongoing debates about its nosology given chronic persistent irritability in children and adolescents has contextual valence. Those meeting the criteria for DMDD may, in fact, have an oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or other behavioral disorders. Similarly, in the last few years, there are many different types of treatment studies that have also yielded mixed results. These counterintuitive findings need a meticulous review for a wider debate given its clinical utility for patients, families, and practicing clinicians.
Inequality over the business cycle: the role of distributive shocks
Authors: Clemens Marius , Eydam Ulrich , Heinemann Maik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how wealth and income inequality dynamics are related to fluctuations in the functional income distribution over the business cycle. In a panel estimation for OECD countries between 1970 and 2016, although inequality is, on average countercyclical and significantly associated with the capital share, one-third of the countries display a pro- or noncyclical relationship. To analyze the observed pattern, we incorporate distributive shocks into an RBC model, where agents are ex ante heterogeneous with respect to wealth and ability. We find that whether wealth and income inequality behave countercyclically or not depends on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution and the persistence of shocks. We match the model to quarterly US data using Bayesian techniques. The parameter estimates point toward a non-monotonic relationship between productivity and inequality fluctuations. On impact, inequality increases in response to TFP shocks but subsequently declines. Furthermore, TFP shocks explain 17% of inequality fluctuations.