bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and epidemiological analysis of Covid-19 in Ardabil province,North West of Iran
Authors: Habibzadeh Shahram , Ghahramanloo Abbas Abbasi , Ahari Said Sadeghieh , Moradi-Asl Eslam , Asghari Shabnam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease highly contagious, is prevalent in all age and sex groups infecting the respiratory system. The aim of this study are spatial analysis and geographical distribution of Covid-19 in different time periods in Ardabil province. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, official statistics recorded in the health centers of Counties and hospitals of Ardabil province were used from 20/03/2020 to 20/03/2021. For data analysis was used to Chi-square to investigate the relationship between disease peaks. In order to perform spatial analysis, were used to ArcGIS10.4.8 software and IDW interpolation analysis and Moran index was used to determine the pattern of disease spread in the study area. Results: The duration of the three peaks in Ardabil province was about 10 months and 11,761 people were referred to hospitals. The longest peak was the third peak, which lasted 72 days. Bilehsavar County with the highest incidence of 1334 and Kowsar County with 226/100000 has the lowest incidence of the disease. Covid-19 distribution pattern based on Moran's index shows that the incidence of disease in high-risk areas in all three peaks was significantly clustered (P <0.05) Conclusions: Covid-19 process during the three peaks in Ardabil province has been increasing in terms of incidence and duration of the peak. Take action in all Counties and to implement health protocols.
Association of PM2.5 and its Components with Lengths of Hospital Stay for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Children
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Jieguo , Zhou Kai , Tian Ye , Wei Feiran , Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Xu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health concern. Studies on air pollution and the lengths of hospital stay (LOS) of HFMD are scarce.
Methods

We characterized the clinic demographic features of 5135 hospitalized HFMD in Nanjing, China from 2012 to 2017, and analyzed the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 as well as its components (OM, BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT, SOIL and SS) and the LOS of HFMD.
Results

Among them 98.62% were aged 0–6 years old, and 3772 (73.46%) were hospitalized for seven days or less. The LOS of HFMD children was different in different ages, illness onset years and illness onset seasons (P<0.01). For per IQR increase in PM2.5 concentrations, LOS of HFMD increased by 0.52(0.33, 0.71), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31–0.69) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28–0.65) day in adjusted models at lag 3 days, lag 7days and lag 14 days, respectively. In addition, per IQR increase of BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL were also significantly associated with the LOS of HFMD.
Conclusions

Our findings corroborated the hypothesis that short-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased the LOS of HFMD, and its components (BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL) of PM2.5 might play a key role in the prolonged LOS of HFMD.
Screening for nonstationary analysis
Authors: Kirshen Paul H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Adjustments in the designs of water resources systems due to climate change and other nonstationarities are warranted because the benefits of effective adaptation are well recognized. Therefore, the time and resources invested in these analyses are well worth the effort. Before a major investment in an effort is made, however, it is reasonable to determine if the problem is of sufficient complexity or the value of additional information is high enough to warrant the inclusion of complex, sophisticated methods that explicitly include nonstationarity and associated decision-making under deep uncertainty. There exist several planning level conditions such as the lifetime of the project, its criticality, and its reversibility that may indicate detailed analysis is not needed. There are also sequential analysis and screening steps that can be applied to determine the complexity of the methodology needed. Finally, the use of decision analysis can also help determine if additional, detailed analysis, or data collection are necessary. The use of one or several of these methods should be considered as initial steps before undertaking a vulnerability assessment and developing an adaptation strategy for a water resources system.
Incorporating decadal climate variability information in the operation and design of water infrastructure
Authors: Rolf Olsen J. , Mehta Vikram M. , Hill Harvey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The high thermal and mechanical inertia of the oceans results in slow changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Changes in SSTs, in turn, can impact atmospheric circulation including water vapor transport, precipitation, and temperatures throughout the world. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the tropical Atlantic SST gradient variability, and the West Pacific Warm Pool are patterns of natural climate variability that tend to persist over decadal time periods. There are current efforts to produce decadal climate predictions, but there is limited understanding if this information can be used in water resources management. Understanding the current state of decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena and the probability of persisting in that state may be useful information for water managers. This information could improve forecasts that aid operations and short-term planning for reservoir management, domestic and industrial water supplies, flood risk management, energy production, recreation, inland navigation, and irrigation. If conditions indicate a higher likelihood of drought, reservoir managers could reduce flood storage space and increase storage for conservation purposes. Improved forecasts for irrigation could result in greater efficiencies by shifting crops and rotational crop patterns. The potential benefits of using a forecast must be balanced against the risk of damages if the forecast is wrong. Seasonal forecasts using DCV information could also be used to inform drought triggers. If DCV indices indicate that the climate has a higher probability of dry conditions, drought contingency plans could be triggered earlier. Understanding of DCV phenomena could also improve long-range water resources planning. DCV can manifest itself in relatively short-term hydrologic records as linear trends that complicate hydrologic frequency analysis, which has traditionally assumed that hydrologic records are stationary.
Travel Mode Choice Modeling: Predictive Efficacy between Machine Learning Models and Discrete Choice Model
Authors: Ali Nur Fahriza Mohd. , Sadullah Ahmad Farhan Mohd. , Majeed Anwar PP Abdul , Razman Mohd Azraai Mohd. , Zakaria Muhammad Aizzat , Nasir Ahmad Fakhri Ab. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
A complex travel behaviour among users is intertwined with many factors. Traditionally, the exploration in travel mode choice modeling has been dominated by the Discrete Choice model, nonetheless, owing to the advancement in computational techniques, machine learning has gained traction in understanding travel behavior.

Aim:
This study aims at predicting users’ travel model choice by means of machine learning models against a conventional Discrete Choice Model, i.e., Binary Logistic Regression.

Objective:
To investigate the comparison between machine learning models, namely Neural Network, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine against the Discrete Choice Model (Binary Logistic Regression) in the prediction of travel mode choice amongst Kuantan City.

Methodology:
The dataset was collected in Kuantan City, Malaysia, through the Revealed/Stated Preferences (RP/SP) Survey. The data collected was split into a ratio of 80:20 for training and testing before evaluating them between the aforesaid models. The hyperparameters of the models were set to default. The performance of the models is evaluated based on classification accuracy.

Results:
It was shown in the present study that the Neural Network Model is able to attain a higher prediction accuracy as compared to Binary Logistic Regression (Discrete Choice Model) in classifying mode choice of Kuantan users either to choose public transport or private vehicles as daily transportation. Feature importance technique is crucial for identifying the significant features in modelling travel mode choice. It is demonstrated that the Neural Network Model can yield exceptional classification of mode choice up to 73.4% and 72.4% of training and testing data, respectively, by considering the features identified via the feature importance technique, suggesting the viability of the proposed technique in supporting an informed decision.

Conclusion:
The findings highlight the strengths and limitations of the Machine Learning Technique as well as the Discrete Choice Model in modeling travel mode choice. It was shown that Machine Learning models have the capability to provide better prediction that could assist the urban transportation planning among policymakers. Meanwhile, it could be also demonstrated that the Discrete Choice Model (Binary Logistic Regression) is helpful in getting a better understanding in expressing the inference relationship between variables for improvising the future transportation system.
Recruitment and Retention of Parents of Adolescents in a Text Messaging Trial (MyTeen): Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chu Joanna Ting Wai , Wadham Angela , Jiang Yannan , Stasiak Karolina , Shepherd Matthew , Bullen Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Background
Parenting programs are well established as an effective strategy for enhancing both parenting skills and the well-being of the child. However, recruitment for family programs in clinical and nonclinical settings remains low.

Objective
This study aims to describe the recruitment and retention methods used in a text messaging program (MyTeen) trial for parents of adolescents (10-15 years) and identify key lessons learned. We aim to provide insights and direction for researchers who seek to recruit parents and build on the limited literature on recruitment and retention strategies for parenting program trials.

Methods
A recruitment plan was developed, monitored, and modified as needed throughout the course of the project. Strategies to facilitate recruitment were identified (eg, program content and recruitment material, staff characteristics, and study procedures). Traditional and web-based recruitment strategies were used.

Results
Over a 5-month period, 319 parents or caregivers expressed interest in our study, of which 221 agreed to participate in the study, exceeding our recruitment target of 214 participants. Attrition was low at the 1-month (4.5% overall; intervention group: n=5, 4.6%; control group: n=5, 4.5%) and 3-month follow-ups (9% overall; intervention group: n=10, 9.2%; control group: n=10, 8.9%).

Conclusions
The use of web-based recruitment strategies appeared to be most effective for recruiting and retaining parents in a text-messaging program trial. However, we encountered recruitment challenges (ie, underrepresentation of ethnic minority groups and fathers) similar to those reported in the literature. Therefore, efforts to engage ethnic minorities and fathers are needed.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000117213; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374307
An analytical method for calculating the stress-strain state of PVC window profiles under thermal loading
Authors: Aksenov Ivan S. , Konstantinov Aleksandr P. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The practical operation of modern PVC windows in the climate of the Russian Federation has proven that due to thermally induced deformations of window elements cold air enters premises and window frames freeze. Presently, there is no engineering method for calculating the temperature deformations of windows, that takes account of the key features of their structure: the composite structure of window sections, the rigidity of insulating glass units, fittings, etc. An important task is to develop a method for calculating temperature deformations of PVC window elements, that takes account of nonlinear temperature distribution over their cross-sections.
Materials and methods. A three-dimensional finite element model of a standard PVC window was developed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, and its temperature field was calculated. The analysis of the calculation results allowed to identify the nature of the temperature distribution over the cross sections of PVC window profiles and propose a method for their analytical calculation. Using the basic equations of solid mechanics and methods of mathematical analysis, the bending of PVC window elements was described on the basis of their actual temperature fields.
Results. The obtained equations were tested by comparing the results of the manual calculation with the results of the finite element modeling.
Conclusions. The obtained equations, describing temperature deformations of individual window elements, serve as the starting point for an integrated method of calculating the structural behavior of PVC windows under thermal loading. The further development of the presented method will encompass the analysis of the influence of the reinforcing core on the structural behavior of PVC elements and the exploration of the structural behavior of the entire window structure.
Using interpolation and correlation to evaluate the quality of cement composites exposed to a thermally aggressive environment
Authors: Maksimova Irina N. , Erofeeva Irina V. , Afonin Victor V. , Emelyanov Denis V. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article addresses the quality evaluation of cement composites after their exposure to the atmospheric environment that features a rapid change in positive and negative temperatures. The article has a numerical assessment of the quality of cement composites. The quality assessment method encompasses the Spearman’s rank correlation, the coefficient of determination, and the adjustment ratio.
Materials and methods. Testable cement composites are the compositions numbered from one to eight. They differ in the concentration of various additives, including superplasticizers and aggregates. Testable compositions were exposed to cyclic changes in positive and negative temperatures, and four of their properties were checked in the points of control on Day 0, Day 15, and Day 45. Linear interpolation was used to expand the data array. Changes in the properties of composites were compared with the benchmark values; the Spearman’s rank correlation and the coefficient of determination were calculated. Moreover, arrays of interpolated values were reduced to relative units to calculate the adjustment ratios. Entry values were employed to develop the evaluation metrics and assess the quality of cement composites.
Results. The proposed numerical metrics is used to rank the testable samples and identify the best compositions. Library functions and transformations, available in the MATLAB system, are applied to each action, which can be implemented in nearly any software programming language.
Conclusions. The proposed method of heuristic quality evaluation of cement composites may be applied to the cases when testable samples are exposed to versatile adverse and aggressive operating conditions.
The application efficiency of precast monolithic frame systems in civil engineering
Authors: Strelkova Mariia D. , Strelets Ksenia I. , Velichkin Victor Z. , Petrochenko Marina V. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The partial replacement of cast-in-situ concrete with precast concrete in the residential construction sector allows to reduce construction time and cost, increase labour productivity and cut CO2 emissions. Combinations of prefabricated and monolithic elements in precast monolithic frames are presented; they encompass 6 different structural options of precast monolithic frames and 2 types of monolithic frames. The co-authors compare production costs and integrated labor intensity for all frame design options, construction periods per 1,000 m3 of a residential building for various structural options of the frame, and assess potential reduction in carbon dioxide emissions due to a change in the amount of precast reinforced concrete in the building frame structure.
Materials and methods. The co-authors have developed a method that employs weighted average to identify the optimal type of a precast monolithic frame. The method takes account of such factors as production costs, integrated labour intensity, construction time and reduction in carbon dioxide gas emissions (in per centum) per 1,000 m3 of the frame structure.
Results. The optimal structure of a precast monolithic frame was selected and calculated using weighted average. Weighted average was used to identify the most effective structural frame. The calculation results have shown that ARKOS precast monolithic frame with precast columns is the leader in terms of weighted average; it best suits the construction of a residential building. If we consider each of the selected indicators separately, RECON frame with precast floors is to be selected; however, RECON is inferior to ARKOS in terms of weighted average due to different values of the weight coefficients attached to each of the assessment criteria.
Conclusions. The co-authors have proven the efficiency of precast monolithic frame systems in comparison with monolithic frames if applied to construct a residential building. The proposed method was employed to select the optimal type of frame.
Tablet Formulation Studies on Recrystallized Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients of Valsartan and Olmesartan Medoxomil
Authors: Rao TP. , Nalluri Buchi N. 
Published: December 2021

Both the Valsartan (VAL) and Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) are widely prescribed anti-hypertensive agents with angiotensin II type I receptor antagonistic activity. Both VAL and OLM are type of BCS class II drugs and having a low and variable oral bioavailability. Recrystallization of VAL and OLM from different organic solvents improved its aqueous solubility and thereby in vitro dissolution properties. In the present investigation, tablets containing Valsartan (VAL), Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM and) recrystallized products were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for drug content, uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution properties. All the tablets fulfilled the compendial requirements with regarding to weight variation, friability and disintegration time etc for immediate release tablets. The DP15 (drug percent dissolved at 15 min) values for V-1 (tablets of VAL), V-4 (tablets of methanol recrystallized product with crospovidone as disintegrant) and DIOVAN™ 40mg tablet formulations are 45.97, 98.95 and 82.65 respectively and V-4 formulation showed higher dissolution rate when compared to other formulations. The DP15 values of O-1(tablets of OLM), O-4 (tablets of acetonitrile recrystallized product with crospovidone as disintegrant and OLMY™ (20mg) tablet formulations are 29.25, 99.93 and 84.82 respectively. O-4 tablet formulations showed higher dissolution rate when compared to other tablet formulations.
Keywords: Valsartan, Olmesartan medoxomil, Recrystallization, Aqueous solubility
In-Situ Ocular Gel Pharmaceutical Delivery System: A Recent Review
Authors: Kapila Sohan , Dev Dhruv , Prasad D.N. 
Published: December 2021

Ocular Drug Delivery has been a key challenge and attractive field for the pharmaceutical scientist due to peerless anatomy and physiology of eye. Glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, keratitis, endophthalmitis, trachoma, and conjunctivitis are just a few of the conditions that can affect the eye. In order to accomplish efficient ocular treatment within the eye, At the point of action, an appropriate supply of active substances must be given and sustained. Due to fast precorneal medication loss, traditional treatment has a low bioavailability. The bioavailability of a medicine is also influenced by static and dynamic barriers. To address the limitations of traditional treatment, significant efforts are being made to develop innovative medication systems for ocular delivery. When a drop is injected into the eye, it goes through a sol-gel transition and forms a cul-de-sac. The in-situ gel system, which comprises thermally triggered, pH triggered, and ion cross linking systems, is the subject of this review. It includes a step-by-step procedure for preparing the pH-triggered system as well as assessment parameters.
Keywords: Conventional dosage form, Anatomy and physiology in eye, In-situ gel.
Territorial Public Self-Government as an Element of Political Infrastructure for Secure Development of Municipal Sections in the Conditions of Digitalization
Authors: Shchegolev E. N. 
Published: December 2021

The research is devoted to the topic of forming a political infrastructure for the safe development of municipalities, creating technologies for attracting political infrastructure participants to the development and assessment of alternatives for the optimal development of territories.We set ourselves the goal of showing territorial public self-government as a tool for increasing the openness of political decision-making and public confidence in the authorities, and identifying the transformational potential of digital technologies in the context of territorial public self-government.The methodological basis of the research was provided by such theories as: the information cybernetic model of the political system of K. Deutsch, the theory of the political system of D. Easton, the theory of deliberative democracy by J. Besset, the theory of direct democracy I. Blo, model of monitor (digital) democracy by J. Keane.The main results of this study are the following:1) the author’s definition of the concept of “digitalization” was introduced — this is a process of radical transformation of the interaction of people in all spheres of social life, the implementation of which became possible on the basis of replacing analog (physical) data collection and processing systems with new technological systems that generate, transmit and process a digital signal about your condition. This transformation presupposes the formation of a different outlook of citizens, the use of other methods of management;2) the author’s definition of the concept of “political infrastructure” is introduced — these are the types of connections between the elements of the political system. Different types of ties form various modifications of political institutions, they determine the contours of political communications carried out in the political space, including using various political technologies to influence the behavior of political forces.3) in the context of digitalization, interactive interaction of participants in the political process, the very configuration of the political infrastructure for the development of territories is changing, the political toolkit of dialogue between the authorities and society is changing, implying an increasingly widespread use of technologies to involve participants in political processes in the development and assessment of alternatives for optimal territorial development.