bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bild-basierte Patienten-individuelle Dosimetrie bei internen Radionuklidtherapien von neuroendokrinen Tumoren
Authors: Brosch-Lenz Julia , Gosewisch Astrid 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Peptid-Radiorezeptor-Therapie (PRRT) mit Lutetium-177 (177Lu) hat sich als vielversprechende Therapieoption von metastasierten neuroendokrinen Tumoren (NETs) etabliert. Des Weiteren wird die Yttrium-90 (90Y) selektive interne Radio-Therapie (SIRT) als lokale Therapie von Lebermetastasen von NET Patienten durchgeführt. Beide Therapien werden von quantitativer Bildgebung begleitet und ermöglichen so Therapie-begleitende, Patienten-individuelle Dosimetrie. Die Abschätzung der Strahlendosis auf Risikoorgane und Tumore hat den großen Vorteil, dass weitere geplante Therapiezyklen möglicherweise angepasst werden können, um sowohl den Therapieerfolg zu verbessern, als auch die Nebenwirkung durch Toxizität von Risikoorganen zu minimieren. Die PRRT und SIRT unterscheiden sich sowohl in der Applikation, dem zugrundeliegenden therapeutischen Konzept, als auch den Radionukliden. Daraus resultieren verschiedene Anforderungen und Voraussetzungen für die Dosimetrie. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet detailliert die verschiedenen Herausforderungen für Bild-basierte Dosimetrie bei der PRRT und der SIRT von NET Patienten und unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit von routinemäßiger Dosimetrie.
Pädiatrische Nierendiagnostik
Authors: Vettermann Franziska , Sauerbeck Julia , Lange-Sperandio Bärbel , Pfluger Thomas 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Nierenfunktionsszintigrafie stellt eine wichtige Säule in der Diagnostik von angeborenen oder erworbenen Niereninsuffizienzen und Nierenanomalien bei Kindern dar. Die nuklearmedizinischen Untersuchungsmodalitäten der Nieren sowie ableitenden Harnwege umfassen die MAG3-Szintigrafie, die DMSA-Szintigrafie sowie die direkte Radionuklid-Miktionszystografie. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die wichtigsten Untersuchungsmethoden, deren Indikation, Nutzen und Risiko erläutert. Die MAG3-(Mercaptoacetyltriglycin)-Nierenfunktionsszintigrafie beurteilt die seitengetrennte Nierenfunktion und die Abflussverhältnisse, während die DMSA-Bildgebung hauptsächlich zur Beurteilung des funktionellen Nierenparenchyms und von Nierenparenchymdefekten verwendet wird. Zusätzlich kann die direkte Radionuklid-MCU (Urinzystografie) zur Refluxdiagnostik genutzt werden.
Profit bridges that disambiguate impacts of currency fluctuations from other marketing variables
Authors: Smith Tim J. , Westra Kyle T. , Phipps Nathan L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe extend the normalized approach to constructing profit bridges proffered in a recent paper to examine the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations within a multinational corporation. In doing so, we describe a profit bridge that would measure corporate performance distinct from that which would measure the performance of business units, including metrics for the impact of volume, price, variable cost, offering mix, and exchange rate changes.
An implicit split-operator algorithm for the nonlinear time-dependent Schrödinger equation
Authors: Roulet Julien , Vaníček Jiří 
Published: November 2021

The explicit split-operator algorithm is often used for solving the linear and nonlinear time-dependent Schrödinger equations. However, when applied to certain nonlinear time-dependent Schrödinger equations, this algorithm loses time reversibility and second-order accuracy, which makes it very inefficient. Here, we propose to overcome the limitations of the explicit split-operator algorithm by abandoning its explicit nature. We describe a family of high-order implicit split-operator algorithms that are norm-conserving, time-reversible, and very efficient. The geometric properties of the integrators are proven analytically and demonstrated numerically on the local control of a two-dimensional model of retinal. Although they are only applicable to separable Hamiltonians, the implicit split-operator algorithms are, in this setting, more efficient than the recently proposed integrators based on the implicit midpoint method.
Plant biodiversity and the regeneration of soil fertility
Authors: Furey George N. , Tilman David 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceBoth plant biodiversity and soil fertility are in decline. We find that restoration of plant biodiversity on a nutrient-poor, unfertilized soil led to greater increases in soil fertility than occurred when these same plant species grew in monocultures. The plant species in this biodiversity experiment fell along a trade-off surface in their nutrient content traits, precluding any one species, or any one type of species, from markedly increasing soil fertility. Our results have implications for degraded agroecosystems, suggesting that increasing plant functional biodiversity may help restore their soil fertility. Creative applications of our findings to pastures, cover crops, and intercropping systems may provide greenhouse gas benefits from soil carbon storage and reduce the amounts of fertilizers needed for optimal yields.
In vivo visualization of butterfly scale cell morphogenesis in
Vanessa cardui
Authors: McDougal Anthony D. , Kang Sungsam , Yaqoob Zahid , So Peter T. C. , Kolle Mathias 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Many organisms exhibit functional micro- and nanoscale materials with structural definition and performance that challenge synthetic fabrication techniques, yet we know little about the processes that enable their formation. Using butterfly scales as a model system for functional biomaterials, we establish a timeline of scale formation and quantify relevant structural parameters for developing painted lady butterflies. We overcome challenges of previous efforts by imaging structure formation directly in living organisms, which allows us to continuously observe the evolving wing tissue and the fine details of individual scale cells. Visualization of scale structure formation in live butterflies forms the basis for modeling the underlying biomechanical processes and opens avenues for their translation into advanced fabrication strategies.
Effect of head impacts and chemical irritation on elite athletes’ olfaction
Authors: Manninen Iida‐Kaisa , Mäkinen Laura K. , Laukka Pippa , Klockars Tuomas , Blomgren Karin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTLimited research exists on athletes’ olfaction. As diet is an elementary part of an athlete's lifestyle and training, it is important to know whether the sport discipline itself carries a risk for olfactory impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether elite swimmers (chemical irritation), boxers (head impact) or soccer players (head impact) are at risk for impaired olfaction. Elite‐level male swimmers (n = 30), boxers (n = 35) and soccer players (n = 30) aged 18–40 years were recruited from Finnish sport clubs. Floorball players (n = 30) were recruited as a control group. All participants filled in a questionnaire about their training history, nasal and sinonasal diseases, asthma, nasal operations and traumas, smoking and self‐evaluation of olfaction and taste function. Sniffin’ Sticks odour identification test with 12 different odorants and anterior rhinoscopy were performed on all participants. The mean score from the smelling test did not differ between the sport groups. Sinonasal diseases and bronchial asthma were more common among swimmers than among the other athletes. Rhinitis symptoms were common among all athletes. Boxing, soccer or swimming does not seem to affect sense of smell. The majority of our participating elite athletes had normal olfaction, even if they had had a long history of active sports.Highlights
Boxing, soccer or swimming does not seem to affect sense of smell.
Rhinitis symptoms were prevalent among all elite athlete groups in our study.
Athletes with hyposmia can perceive their own decreased olfaction.
Swimmers have more bronchial asthma and sinus diseases than other athlete groups.
μ-distortion around stupendously large primordial black holes
Authors: Deng Heling 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In a variety of mechanisms generating primordial black holes, each
black hole is expected to form along with a surrounding underdense region that
roughly compensates the black hole mass. This region will propagate
outwards and expand as a shell at the speed of sound in the homogeneous background. Dissipation of the shell due to Silk damping could lead to
detectable μ-distortion in the CMB spectrum: if black holes are rare on the last scattering surface, the signal(s) would be pointlike; whereas if there are a sufficient number of them, we could have a uniform distortion in the CMB sky. While the current
bound on the average μ-distortion is |μ̅| ≲ 10-4,
the standard ΛCDM model predicts |μ̅| ∼ 10-8,
which could possibly be detected in future missions. It is shown in
this work that the non-observation of μ̅ beyond ΛCDM
can place a new upper bound on the density of supermassive primordial
black holes within the mass range 106
M
☉≲ M ≲ 1015
M
☉.
Furthermore, black holes with initial mass M ≳ 1012
M
☉
could leave a pointlike distortion with μ ≳10-8 at an
angular scale ∼ 1° in CMB, and its non-observation would
impose an even more stringent bound on the population of these stupendously large primordial
black holes.
Improved treatment of dark matter capture in neutron stars III: nucleon and exotic targets
Authors: Anzuini Filippo , Bell Nicole F. , Busoni Giorgio , Motta Theo F. , Robles Sandra , Thomas Anthony W. , Virgato Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider the capture of dark matter (DM) in neutron stars via scattering on hadronic targets, including neutrons, protons and hyperons. We extend previous analyses by including momentum dependent form factors, which account for hadronic structure, and incorporating the effect of baryon strong interactions in the dense neutron star interior, rather than modelling the baryons as a free Fermi gas. The combination of these effects suppresses the DM capture rate over a wide mass range, thus increasing the cross section for which the capture rate saturates the geometric limit. In addition, variation in the capture rate associated with the choice of neutron star equation of state is reduced.
For proton targets, the use of the interacting baryon approach to obtain the correct Fermi energy is essential for an accurate evaluation of the capture rate in the Pauli-blocked regime. For heavy neutron stars, which are expected to contain exotic matter, we identify cases where DM scattering on hyperons contributes significantly to the total capture rate. Despite smaller neutron star capture rates, compared to existing analyses, we find that the projected DM-nucleon scattering sensitivity greatly exceeds that of nuclear recoil experiments for a wide DM mass range.
P-wave Ω
b
states: masses and pole residues *
Authors: Xu Yong-Jiang , Liu Yong-Lu , Huang Ming-Qiu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, we consider all P-wave

states represented by interpolating currents with a derivative and calculate the corresponding masses and pole residues using the QCD sum rule method. Because of the large uncertainties in our calculation compared with the small difference in the masses of the excited

states observed by the LHCb collaboration, it is necessary to study other properties of the P-wave

states represented by the interpolating currents investigated in the present work to gain a better understanding of the four excited

states observed by the LHCb collaboration.
Evaluating the Impact of Optical Axis Stability on Exoplanet Detection
Authors: Tan Dong-Jie , Liu Jia-Cheng , Zhu Zi , Liu Niu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor detecting exoplanets with high precision, using the angular distance between the two stars to detect the periodic motion of the star will be a better choice. This approach can avoid importing the position error of the reference catalog in the process that uses a traditional photographic plate to derive the star position suffers. At the precision level of microarcseconds, the error caused by optical axis deviation is not negligible. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of the stability of the optical axis on the relative angular distance measurement from the aspects of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. When the angular distance error limit of 1 microarcsecond is given, the upper limit of optical axis deviation is estimated to be 68 milliarcsecond. In addition, when limiting the deviation of the optical axis, we give the corresponding error allowance of angular distance measurement. Moreover, we also discuss the way to resolve the problem of CCD distortion and focal length change on the measurement of angular distance. The work in this paper is of guiding significance to the design of a telescope.
Measuring space-time properties of baryon resonances around 1 GeV using intensity correlations
Authors: Qinghua HE 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We measured the Δ(1232) radius using Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) between two neutral pions from photo-production off a hydrogen/deuterium target at the incident photon energies around 1 GeV. The experiment was carried out at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH) in Tohoku University with a 4π electromagnetic calorimeter complex, named FOREST. For low-multiplicity BEC measurements, we developed an event mixing technique by introducing additional mixing constraints to delicately reduce the effect of other non-BEC correlations arising from global conservation law and resonance decays. In addition, a new BEC observing model was established to extract radius information from BEC effects in the presence of resonance decays.
Beam Asymmetries from Light Scalar Meson Production on the Proton at GlueX
Authors: Fegan Stuart 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The GlueX facility, featuring a linearly polarised 9 GeV real photon beam delivered to a large-acceptance detector system, has recently completed its first phase of running, and analysis efforts of this dataset are well underway. It has been suggested that at GlueX energies, quark systems beyond the three quark and quark-antiquark systems of baryons and mesons, such as hybrid mesons, tetraquarks and glueballs, should exist, and studies of these systems could shed new light on how quarks combine under the strong force, particularly the role played by gluons.
Meticulous study of the spectrum of hadronic states is required to understand the strong force in the non-perturbative energy regime, and the light scalar meson sector is an area that remains poorly understood. GlueX data encompasses final states at energies where photoproduction of the a0
(980) and f
0 (980) mesons can provide discriminatory evidence between various models, manifested in experimental observables such as the cross section and beam asymmetry, and performing detailed measurements of these quantities is considered a priority of the ongoing research program.
The work presented showcases efforts to measure the beam asymmetry of the reaction γp→pηπ whose mass spectrum encompasses several mesons, including the a
0(980) light scalar, and the a
2(1320) tensor. Future prospects for related analyses in the light scalar meson sector, informed by this measurement, will also be discussed.
Timelike Compton Scattering with CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab
Authors: Chatagnon Pierre 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) describe the correlations between the longitudinal momentum and the transverse position of the partons inside the nucleon. They are nowadays the subject of an intense effort of research, in the perspective of understanding nucleon structure. GPDs have been studied mainly using Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS, ep → e’p’γ). Here we highlight the measurement of the time-reversal conjugate process of DVCS, Timelike Compton Scattering (TCS) using data taken by CLAS12. The experimental measurement of the TCS angular asymmetry will provide new information on the real part of GPDs. This proceeding assesses the current status of the TCS analysis and presents preliminary results based on CLAS12 data.
The hierarchical fuzzy model of hydro acoustic activity for underwater vehicles
Authors: Bolnokin V E , Sorokin S A , Storozhev V I , Hai Duong Minh , Shcheka A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The description of the basic equations and numerical-analytical methods of analysis of the theoretical model of functioning and structural-parametric optimization of hydro acoustic screens of underwater vehicles. The technique is based on a hierarchical fuzzy model of hydro acoustic activity underwater vehicles.
Sub-band detection of small-sized objects during airspace sensing with ultra-short radio pulses
Authors: Zhukov A O , Zhilyakov E G , Oleynik I I , Orishchuk S G , Fedorov P A , Kartsan I N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The possibility of ensuring the safety of flights of aircraft, such as helicopters, at low altitudes, where there is a high probability of unauthorized appearance of small-sized objects such as unmanned aerial vehicles, is being considered. The possibility of solving the problem of detecting such objects on the basis of radar soundings in the resonant frequency range of the UHF radio wave range is considered. Sub-band processing of the received signals is proposed, based on the division of the spectral definition area into sub-bands, for adaptation to the frequency response band and noise filtering. The mathematical apparatus of sub-band signal analysis using sub-band matrices has been developed. An optimal solution to the problem of filtering responses in given sub-bands is obtained. A procedure for processing the received signals is given when making decisions about the presence of a response in a given sub-band. Estimates of the probabilities of erroneous decisions are given for a given probability of errors of the first kind.
Modeling of the stress-strain state at the Shtokman gas condensate field accounting its block structure
Authors: Kalashnik A I , Kalashnik N A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The stress-strain state of the Shtokman gas condensate field has been studied using mathematical modeling and accounting its block structure. It is assumed that the rock mass’s structure has a vertical block structure, which is under the influence of gravity and tectonic force fields. It has been revealed that the stress-strain state of the rocks depends essentially on relationships of initial operating efforts and in-situ gas pressure, which magnitude varies with its production; direction of the maximum forces and dip of angles of fault zones; and elastic characteristics of the main rock mass and fault zones. It has been established that the change in the dip of angle of fault zones and reducing the rocks’ stiffness increases tensile stress in the roof of a horizontal seam and near the sea bottom. A forecast assessment has been performed of the vertical displacement of a rock block contoured with faults relatively to the main rock mass.
Automation of the development of electrodynamic objects based on the dual approach
Authors: Lvovich I Ya , Lvovich Ya E , Preobrazhenskiy A P , Preobrazhenskiy Yu P , Choporov O N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper considers an approach that demonstrates the features of creating complex electrodynamic systems. In practice, the creation of such objects is associated with a decrease in the levels of electromagnetic radiation, control of the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves. The main properties of the generated automated system for assessing the quality of the electrodynamic characteristics of objects are considered. Suggestions are given on its structural diagram, the contours of the operation control and control of the restructuring of electrodynamic objects are shown. The created system for assessing the quality of electrodynamic characteristics can be useful in the design of a wide class of technical systems.
Modelling of voltage changes in the n-p junction in the pulse mode
Authors: Bogatov N M , Grigoryan L R , Klenevsky A V , Kovalenko M S , Volodin V S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article presents the results of modeling the effect of the effective lifetime in the space charge region (SCR) of the n+-p junction on the impulse characteristics of silicon structures. The model is based on solving the fundamental system of differential equations for the transport of charge carriers in inhomogeneous semiconductors. The calculated time dependences of the voltage change in the SCR for a pulse voltage change on the n+-p-p+structure correspond to the experimental data.
Investigation of heat transfer in metal nanofilms irradiated with ultrashort laser pulses: two-temperature model
Authors: Mikheeva G V , Pashin A V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A numerical study of heat transfer between an electron gas and a crystal lattice in a metal nanofilm under irradiation with an ultrashort laser pulse was carried out on the basis of a parabolic two-temperature model of thermal conductivity presented in a dimensionless form. For the numerical solution, the finite difference method was used using the explicit-implicit Crank-Nicholson scheme. As a result of the numerical study, it was found that with an increase in the thickness of the plate, the equilibrium temperature decreases, and the time for the onset of thermal equilibrium between the electrons and the crystal lattice increases.
Plasmon resonance at the interface dielectric - nanocomposite material with superconducting inclusions
Authors: Golovkina M V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article theoretically considers surface plasmon resonance in composite structures. The features of the surface plasmon resonance arising at the interface with media containing nanoparticles from a high-temperature superconductor are investigated. The dielectric constant of spherical superconducting inclusions is considered taking into account Gorter-Casimir two-fluid model. The temperature dependence of the electrodynamic parameters of the superconductor is taken into account. The two-fluid model, the dependence of the concentration of non-superconducting electrons in a superconductor is often used as the fourth power of temperature nn~T4. In this work, a phenomenological model is used, according to which the electron concentration of non-superconducting electrons in a superconductor is determined by the formula nn~Tγ with γ=1.3÷2. This model is in good agreement with experimental data for high-temperature ceramic superconductors. The dispersion characteristics of surface plasmons arising in a planar structure with a thin nanocomposite superconductor layer are investigated. It is shown that the dispersion characteristics depend significantly on temperature.
Spherical model and quantum phase transitions
Authors: Udodov V N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The spherical Berlin-Katz model is considered in the framework of the epsilon expansion in one-dimensional and two-dimensional space. For the two-dimensional and threedimensional cases in this model, an exact solution was previously obtained in the presence of a field, and for the two-dimensional case the critical temperature is zero, that is, a “quantum” phase transition is observed. On the other hand, the epsilon expansion of critical exponents with an arbitrary number of order parameter components is known. This approach is consistent with the scaling paradigm. Some critical exponents are found for the spherical model in one-and twodimensional space in accordance with the generalized scaling paradigm and the ideas of quantum phase transitions. A new formula is proposed for the critical heat capacity exponent, which depends on the dynamic index z, at a critical temperature equal to zero. An expression is proposed for the order of phase transition with a change in temperature (developing the approach of R. Baxter), which also depends on the z index. An interpolation formula is presented for the effective dimension of space, which is valid for both a positive critical temperature and a critical temperature equal to zero. This formula is general. Transitions with a change in the field in a spherical model at absolute zero are also considered.