bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enuresis nocturna im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Sommer Vivienne , Holland-Cunz Stefan , Frech Martina 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDas nächtliche Einnässen im Kindesalter ist ein häufiger Konsultationsgrund im kinderurologischen Alltag. Nach heutiger Ansicht sind psychische Probleme („die Seele weint“) meistens nicht ursächlich. Die Ätiologie ist multifaktoriell inklusive einer genetischen Prädisposition und bisher nicht im Detail geklärt. Aber für viele Familien ist dies eine belastende Situation, und sie kann das Selbstwertgefühl und psychische Wohlbefinden der Kinder und Jugendlichen deutlich beeinträchtigen.Mit einer gründlichen kinderurologischen Anamnese, einem Trink- und Miktionsprotoll und körperlicher Untersuchung lassen sich kindliche Miktionsstörungen meistens gut differenzieren. Je nach Befund sind im Verlauf weitere Untersuchungen indiziert, insbesondere wenn eine organische Ursache vermutet wird. Wichtig hierbei ist, zu unterscheiden, ob es sich um eine isolierte monosymptomatische Enuresis nocturna handelt oder die Enuresis nocturna Ausdruck einer weiteren kindlichen Miktionsstörung ist (nichtmonosymptomatische Enuresis nocturna).Die Therapie richtet sich nach den möglichen Ursachen und dem Wunsch der Patienten und deren Familien. Eine monosymptomatische Enuresis nocturna hat durchaus einen sehr hohen Grad an Selbstheilungstendenz ohne Therapie oder nur mittels einfacher Verhaltensmassnahmen. Bei Therapiewunsch stehen eine medikamentöse Behandlung und/oder eine Konditionierung durch einen Weckapparat zur Verfügung.Sofern es sich um eine nichtmonosymptomatische Enuresis nocturna handelt, sind o. g. Therapien meistens frustran. Der therapeutische Ansatz hierbei ist je nach Ursache individuell und reicht von einfachen Verhaltensmassnahmen (z. B. bei Reifungsverzögerung der Blasenentwicklung) bis hin zu operativen Verfahren (z. B. bei posterioren Urethralklappen beim Knaben).
The labor market integration of immigrant women in Europe: context, theory, and evidence
Authors: Schieckoff Bentley , Sprengholz Maximilian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this overview, we seek to provide a comprehensive resource for scholars of female immigrant labor market integration in Europe, to act both as a reference and a roadmap for future studies in this domain. We begin by presenting a contextual history of immigration to and within Europe since the Second World War, before outlining the major theoretical assumptions about immigrant women’s labor market disadvantage. We then synthesize the empirical findings from quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2020 and analyze how they line up with the theoretical predictions. We supplement the review with descriptive analyses using data from 2019, which expose any discrepancies between the current situation in European countries and the situation during the time periods considered in the reviewed studies. Our review has three main take-aways. First, the theoretically relevant determinants of immigrant women’s labor market integration are generally supported by empirical evidence, but the unexplained heterogeneity that remains in many cases between immigrant women and other groups on the labor market calls for more systematic and comprehensive investigations. Second, quantitative studies which take a holistic approach to studying the labor market disadvantages of immigrant women—and all the considerations related to their gender and nativity that this entails—are rare in this body of literature, and future studies should address this. Third, fruitful avenues for future contributions to this field include expanding on certain overlooked outcomes, like immigrant women’s self-employment, as well as geographic regions that until now have received little attention, especially by employing the most recent data.
Autonomous vehicles for micro-mobility
Authors: Christensen Henrik , Paz David , Zhang Hengyuan , Meyer Dominique , Xiang Hao , Han Yunhai , Liu Yuhan , Liang Andrew , Zhong Zheng , Tang Shiqi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutonomous vehicles have been envisioned for more than 100 years. One of the first suggestions was a front cover of Scientific America back in 1916. Today, it is possible to get cars that drive autonomously for extended distances. We are also starting to see micro-mobility solutions, such as the Nuro vehicles for pizza delivery. Building autonomous cars that can operate in urban environments with a diverse set of road-users is far from trivial. Early 2018 the Contextual Robotics Institute at UC San Diego launched an effort to build a full stack autonomous vehicle for micro-mobility. The motivations were diverse: i) development of a system for operation in an environment with many pedestrians, ii) design of a system that does not rely on dense maps (or HD-maps as they are sometimes named), iii) design strategies to build truly robust systems, and iv) a framework to educate next-generation engineers. In this paper, we present the research effort of design, prototyping, and evaluation of such a vehicle. From the evaluation, several research directions are explored to account for shortcomings. Lessons and issues for future work are additionally drawn from this work.
Gain-of-function mutations of AtNHX1 suppress sos1 salt sensitivity and improve salt tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pabuayon Isaiah Catalino M. , Jiang Jiafu , Qian Hongjia , Chung Jung-Sung , Shi Huazhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil salinity severely hampers agricultural productivity. Under salt stress, excess Na+ accumulation causes cellular damage and plant growth retardation, and membrane Na+ transporters play central roles in Na+ uptake and exclusion to mitigate these adverse effects. In this study, we performed sos1 suppressor mutant (named sup) screening to uncover potential genetic interactors of SOS1 and additional salt tolerance mechanisms. Map-based cloning and sequencing identified a group of mutants harboring dominant gain-of-function mutations in the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene AtNHX1. The gain-of-function variants of AtNHX1 showed enhanced transporter activities in yeast cells and increased salt tolerance in Arabidopsis wild type plants. Ion content measurements indicated that at the cellular level, these gain-of-function mutations resulted in increased cellular Na+ accumulation likely due to enhanced vacuolar Na+ sequestration. However, the gain-of-function suppressor mutants showed reduced shoot Na+ but increased root Na+ accumulation under salt stress, indicating a role of AtNHX1 in limiting Na+ translocation from root to shoot. We also identified another group of sos1 suppressors with loss-of-function mutations in the Na+ transporter gene AtHKT1. Loss-of-function mutations in AtHKT1 and gain-of-function mutations in AtNHX1 additively suppressed sos1 salt sensitivity, which indicates that the three transporters, SOS1, AtNHX1 and AtHKT1 function independently but coordinately in controlling Na+ homeostasis and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Our findings provide valuable information about the target amino acids in NHX1 for gene editing to improve salt tolerance in crops.
ESSM Position Statement on Surgical Treatment of Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Osmonov Daniar , Ragheb Ahmed , Ward Sam , Blecher Gideon , Falcone Marco , Soave Armin , Dahlem Roland , van Renterghem Koenraad , Christopher Nim , Hatzichristodoulou Georgios , Preto Mirko , Garaffa Giulio , Albersen Maarten , Bettocchi Carlo , Corona Giovanni , Reisman Yacov 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with Peyronie's disease may experience significat distress. The choice of treatment depends on a variety of factors, including the stage of the disease, the presence of pain, severity and direction of the curvature, penile length and the quality of erectile function.

Aim
To review the evidence associated with surgical treatment of Peyronie‘s Disease and provide clinical recommendations on behalf of the European Society for Sexual Medicine. 131 peer-reviewed studies and systematic reviews, which were published from 2009 to 2019 in the English language, were included.

Methods
MEDLINE, Google Scholar and EMBASE were searched for randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, open-label prospective and retrospective studies.

Main Outcome Measure
The panel provided statements on clinically relevant questions including patient involvement in the decision process, indications for surgery, choice of the approach, and the management of patient expectations. A comparison of the different grafts used in patients who have undergone plaque incision/excision and grafting in order to identify an ideal graft, has been carried out. The prevalence of postoperative complications has been summarized. Levels of evidence were provided according to the Oxford 2011 criteria and Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine recommendations.

Results
In order to allow shared decision making, a patient preoperative counselling regarding the pros and cons of each intervention is recommended. In particular, adverse effects of surgical treatments should be discussed to set realistic understanding and expectations of surgical outcomes and ultimately improve postoperative satisfaction rates. Surgical treatment should be only offered in the chronic phase of the condition, when the deformity and/or degree of erectile dysfunction, prevent patients from engaging in satisfying sexual interaction, or if the deformity is the cause of severe bother.

Conclusions
Current European Society for Sexual Medicine recommendations cover several aspects of Peyronie's disease treatment. These recommendations aim both to ensure patients and partners have accurate and realistic expectations of their treatment options, as well as to formulate algorithms to guide clinician management pathways.
Osmonov D, Ragheb A, Ward S et al, ESSM Position Statement on Surgical Treatment of Peyronie's Disease. Sex Med 2022;10:100459.
The Problems of Access: A Crip Rejoinder via the Phenomenology of Spatial Belonging
Authors: LAJOIE CORINNE 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis essay denaturalizes the taken-for-granted meaning of ‘access’ and interrogates its role and lived meaning in ableist social worlds, with a focus on spaces of higher education. I suggest that legalistic approaches to access need ‘cripping’ by a disability framework. Currently, these approaches (1) miss the intersubjective sociality of being-in-the-world; (2) they prioritize a narrow conception of access focused on ‘physical’ access and ‘physical’ space (a typology I contest); (3) they approach access as frozen in time, rather than as a relational and temporally dynamic process (4); and, finally, they contribute to bureaucratizing and privatizing disability knowledge. I examine ‘access’ through the lens of belonging by asking how we orient ourselves in spaces shaped by oppressive social norms. I argue that ableist lifeworlds generate serious disorientations for disabled people that are lasting, structurally enforced, and harmful or debilitating.
Sparse regular variation
Authors: Meyer Nicolas , Wintenberger Olivier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRegular variation provides a convenient theoretical framework for studying large events. In the multivariate setting, the spectral measure characterizes the dependence structure of the extremes. This measure gathers information on the localization of extreme events and often has sparse support since severe events do not simultaneously occur in all directions. However, it is defined through weak convergence, which does not provide a natural way to capture this sparsity structure. In this paper, we introduce the notion of sparse regular variation, which makes it possible to better learn the dependence structure of extreme events. This concept is based on the Euclidean projection onto the simplex, for which efficient algorithms are known. We prove that under mild assumptions sparse regular variation and regular variation are equivalent notions, and we establish several results for sparsely regularly varying random vectors.
Fast Fashion for 2030: Using the Pattern of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to Cut a More Gender-Just Fashion Sector
Authors: Vijeyarasa Ramona , Liu Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza in Bangladesh brought global visibility to the human rights abuses experienced by women workers in the garment sector. As the spotlight on this incident dims, the need to hold the fashion sector accountable remains. In this article, we suggest that greater accountability could be achieved through the application of a human rights-informed understanding of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to promote gender justice in the sector. By drawing on international women’s rights law and sustainable fashion, we demonstrate how sustainability and gender justice are intimately connected, and illustrate what role the SDGs can play in promoting sustainable outcomes that are gender-just. The article unpacks concepts such as sustainability, the circular economy, social responsibility, and ethical fashion, and places the experiences of women workers within this context. Its principal contribution is a set of six requirements to ensure a gender perspective to the fashion industry’s role in implementing the SDGs.
Insights from the evaluations of the NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovation and Research Evaluation and Commercialization Hubs programs
Authors: Anderson Benjamin J. , Leonchuk Olena , O’Connor Alan C. , Shaw Brooke K. , Walsh Amanda C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
The National Institutes of Health launched the NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovation and the Research Evaluation and Commercialization Hubs programs to develop approaches and strategies to promote academic entrepreneurship and translate research discoveries into products and tools to help patients. The two programs collectively funded 11 sites at individual research institutions or consortia of institutions around the United States. Sites provided funding, project management, and coaching to funded investigators and commercialization education programs open to their research communities.

Methods:
We implemented an evaluation program that included longitudinal tracking of funded technology development projects and commercialization outcomes; interviews with site teams, funded investigators, and relevant institutional and innovation ecosystem stakeholders and analysis and review of administrative data.

Results:
As of May 2021, interim results for 366 funded projects show that technologies have received nearly $1.7 billion in follow-on funding to-date. There were 88 start-ups formed, a 40% Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer application success rate, and 17 licenses with small and large businesses. Twelve technologies are currently in clinical testing and three are on the market.

Conclusions:
Best practices used by the sites included leadership teams using milestone-based project management, external advisory boards that evaluated funding applications for commercial merit as well as scientific, sustained engagement with the academic community about commercialization in an effort to shift attitudes about commercialization, application processes synced with education programs, and the provision of project managers with private-sector product development expertise to coach funded investigators.
Assortment of kaempferol and zinc gluconate improves noise-induced biochemical imbalance and deficits in body weight gain
Authors: Akefe Isaac Oluwatobi , Ayo Joseph Olusegun , Sinkalu Victor Olusegun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of pretreatment with antioxidants, kaempferol, and zinc gluconate on serum biochemical changes and impairment in body weight gain following noise-exposure in Wistar rats. Thirty-five animals were evenly grouped into five cohorts: Groups II, III, IV, and V were exposed to noise stress, induced by exposing rats to 100 dB (4 hr/day) for 15 days, from days 33 to 48 after starting the drug treatments. Treatment with kaempferol and/or zinc mitigated noise-induced deficits in body weight gain, and levels of serum lipid and protein fractions. The combined treatment significantly (p < .05) decreased malondialdehyde concentration in kaempferol + zinc gluconate treated group, compared to the group administered deionized water + noise. This result demonstrates that biochemical dyshomeostasis and lipid peroxidation may be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying noise stress and the assortment of kaempferol and zinc gluconate produced an improved mitigating outcome in Wistar rats.
On the forward algorithm for stopping problems on continuous-time Markov chains
Authors: Miclo Laurent , Villeneuve Stéphane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe revisit the forward algorithm, developed by Irle, to characterize both the value function and the stopping set for a large class of optimal stopping problems on continuous-time Markov chains. Our objective is to renew interest in this constructive method by showing its usefulness in solving some constrained optimal stopping problems that have emerged recently.
On transform orders for largest claim amounts
Authors: Zhang Yiying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the ordering properties of largest claim amounts in heterogeneous insurance portfolios in the sense of some transform orders, including the convex transform order and the star order. It is shown that the largest claim amount from a set of independent and heterogeneous exponential claims is more skewed than that from a set of independent and homogeneous exponential claims in the sense of the convex transform order. As a result, a lower bound for the coefficient of variation of the largest claim amount is established without any restrictions on the parameters of the distributions of claim severities. Furthermore, sufficient conditions are presented to compare the skewness of the largest claim amounts from two sets of independent multiple-outlier scaled claims according to the star order. Some comparison results are also developed for the multiple-outlier proportional hazard rates claims. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate these theoretical results.
ON NON-COMPACT p-ADIC DEFINABLE GROUPS
Authors: JOHNSON WILL , YAO NINGYUAN 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn [16], Peterzil and Steinhorn proved that if a group G definable in an o-minimal structure is not definably compact, then G contains a definable torsion-free subgroup of dimension 1. We prove here a p-adic analogue of the Peterzil–Steinhorn theorem, in the special case of abelian groups. Let G be an abelian group definable in a p-adically closed field M. If G is not definably compact then there is a definable subgroup H of dimension 1 which is not definably compact. In a future paper we will generalize this to non-abelian G.
Something Rather Than Nothing
Authors: Imaguire Guido 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeter van Inwagen (2001) has given a probabilistic answer to the fundamental question ‘why is there something rather than nothing?’: There is something, because the probability of there being nothing is 0. Some philosophers have recently examined van Inwagen's argument and concluded that it does not really work. Three points are central in their criticism: (i) the premise which states that there is only one empty possible world is false, (ii) the premise which states that all possible worlds have the same probability is not plausible and (iii) the argument is not significant for the question it sets out to answer. In this paper, I shall show that (i) even if there are many empty worlds, this does not necessarily invalidate the argument in its general lines, (ii) the examples they offer to support the intuition that possible worlds may have different probabilities fail, and (iii) even if the conclusion of the argument does not really answer the question van Inwagen sets out to answer, it is still not an insignificant response to the question.
Hippocampal volume and volume asymmetry prospectively predict PTSD symptom emergence among Iraq-deployed soldiers
Authors: Cobb Adam R. , Rubin Mikael , Stote Deborah L. , Baldwin Brian C. , Lee Han-Joo , Hariri Ahmad R. , Telch Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests a link between smaller hippocampal volume (HV) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there has been little prospective research testing this question directly and it remains unclear whether smaller HV confers risk or is a consequence of traumatization and PTSD.MethodsU.S. soldiers (N = 107) completed a battery of clinical assessments, including structural magnetic resonance imaging pre-deployment. Once deployed they completed monthly assessments of traumatic-stressors and symptoms. We hypothesized that smaller HV would potentiate the effects of traumatic stressors on PTSD symptoms in theater. Analyses evaluated whether total HV, lateral (right v. left) HV, or HV asymmetry (right – left) moderated the effects of stressor-exposure during deployment on PTSD symptoms.ResultsFindings revealed no interaction between total HV and average monthly traumatic-stressors on PTSD symptoms b = −0.028, p = 0.681 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.167 to 0.100]. However, in the context of greater exposure to average monthly traumatic stressors, greater right HV was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms b = −0.467, p = 0.023 (95% CI −0.786 to −0.013), whereas greater left HV was unexpectedly associated with greater PTSD symptoms b = 0.435, p = 0.024 (95% CI 0.028–0.715).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of considering the complex role of HV, in particular HV asymmetry, in predicting the emergence of PTSD symptoms in response to war-zone trauma.
Monetary reform under the Sufyanids: the papyrological evidence
Authors: Shaddel Mehdy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor the past fifty years, there has been a debate over whether the Umayyad caliph Muʿāwiya introduced a short-lived gold coinage in Syria. After reappraising the literary evidence, this study argues that an enigmatic phrase in a papyrus from this period constitutes evidence for state enforcement of the circulation of a new kind of gold coinage issued under Muʿāwiya. A die-study of the extant specimens of a peculiar imitation of Byzantine gold which has had its crosses effaced, and has been attributed to Muʿāwiya on the basis of the testimony of literary sources, confirms them to be the result of a large-scale, albeit ultimately unsuccessful, initiative. This demonstrates that, in addition to the east, there also existed a separate drive towards an expansion of the money supply in Syria-Egypt during the latter half of Muʿāwiya's caliphate, a development which testifies to a relatively substantial programme of state-building by the caliph.
Harnessing Incremental Answer Set Solving for Reasoning in Assumption-Based Argumentation
Authors: LEHTONEN TUOMO , WALLNER JOHANNES P. , JӒRVISALO MATTI 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAssumption-based argumentation (ABA) is a central structured argumentation formalism. As shown recently, answer set programming (ASP) enables efficiently solving NP-hard reasoning tasks of ABA in practice, in particular in the commonly studied logic programming fragment of ABA. In this work, we harness recent advances in incremental ASP solving for developing effective algorithms for reasoning tasks in the logic programming fragment of ABA that are presumably hard for the second level of the polynomial hierarchy, including skeptical reasoning under preferred semantics as well as preferential reasoning. In particular, we develop non-trivial counterexample-guided abstraction refinement procedures based on incremental ASP solving for these tasks. We also show empirically that the procedures are significantly more effective than previously proposed algorithms for the tasks.