bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and patterns of coronary artery anomalies in 28,800 adult patients undergoing angiography in a large tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Bansal Ankit , Sarkar Prattay Guha , Gupta Mohit D. , Girish MP , Kunal Shekhar , Batra Vishal , Yusuf Jamal , Safal  , Mukhopadhyay Saibal , Tyagi Sanjay 
Published: December 2021

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are a diverse group of disorders with varied clinical presentation and pathophysiological mechanisms. A majority of these anomalies are asymptomatic and often an incidental finding on coronary angiogram or autopsy. This retrospective study included 28,800 patients who underwent coronary angiography from 2016 to 2020. The coronary angiograms were reviewed by two independent reviewers and CAAs were documented. CAAs were classified into (a) anomalies of coronary artery connection, (b) anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial anatomy and (c) anomalies of myocardial/coronary artery interaction as proposed by the European Society of Cardiology. Of the 28,800 coronary angiograms, CAAs were present in 4.12% with anomalies in the left coronary artery (LCA) being most common. Anomalies of coronary artery connection were most common (48.48%) followed by anomalies of myocardial/coronary artery interaction (34.49%) and anomalies of intrinsic coronary artery anatomy (17.03%). Among anomalies of coronary artery connection, absent left main trunk or split LCA with separate origins of left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery from the left coronary sinus of Valsalva (22.59%) was most common. An intramural course or “myocardial bridge” had an incidence of 1.16% while incidence of coronary artery fistulae (CAF) was 0.115%.
When Direct Pressure Is Not Enough: An Educational Technique for Teaching Wound Packing in Athletic Training Education
Authors: Thrasher Ashley B. , Strapp Edward J. 
Published: December 2021

Context
Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of preventable death. Wound care and managing external hemorrhage are important skills for athletic trainers.

Objective
Describe a laboratory activity used to allow students to practice managing uncontrolled external hemorrhage and wound packing.

Background
The prevalence of active shooter and other mass casualty events has grown, and a trend to move military-based emergency skills into civilian casualty care has emerged. Athletic trainers are uniquely positioned to respond to catastrophic events at the time of injury. Controlling hemorrhage and rapidly applying a tourniquet or administering wound packing have a great effect in preventing death due to severe hemorrhage.

Description
An educational technique using a pork shoulder was implemented to provide students with experience in wound packing.

Clinical Advantage(s)
Students describe this activity as a beneficial way to gain experience on an important skill not often seen in the clinical education setting.

Conclusion(s)
Faculty may consider implementing wound packing using a pork shoulder as a laboratory activity when teaching wound care and external hemorrhage management.
Critical Assessment and Reflection on Experience Form: A Novel Approach to Clinical Assessment
Authors: Madden Meredith J. , Ritenour Donna , Mace Kimberly L. 
Published: December 2021

Context
There is a clear need for quality improvement in health care. The 2020 Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education Standards for Professional Athletic Training Programs require students to apply concepts of quality improvement to provide athletic training care and deliver excellent patient outcomes. As such, programs may be looking for strategies to view students' clinical experiences through a lens of quality improvement.

Objective
To introduce the Critical Assessment and Reflection on Experience (CARE) form, which is a novel clinical education tool that assesses student clinical skills using critical reflection and quality improvement concepts.

Background
Historically, students have demonstrated achievement by comparing their skill performance with a competency checklist. Typically, the skills assessed, and the level of achievement expected progress to allow learning over time. However, current athletic training clinical education literature has shifted to promote experiential learning, critical thinking, and active reflection to develop competence.

Description
Students complete the CARE form after patient encounters or other clinical experiences. The form requires students to practice documentation and communication skills, but also to critically reflect on performance by applying quality improvement, patient safety, and evidence-based practice concepts.

Clinical Advantage(s)
The form holds advantages for multiple stakeholders, including students, preceptors, and program administrators. The CARE form encourages students to engage in authentic patient interactions rather than relying on contrived learning experiences. By encouraging live patient encounters, this tool results in less burden on preceptors to create additional opportunities for students. Program administrators can use the tool to incorporate quality improvement standards meaningfully into the curriculum. Additionally, the CARE form creates opportunity to document program assessment.

Conclusion(s)
Professional programs should consider implementing the CARE form as a clinical experience assessment tool to develop students' quality improvement and critical thinking skills when providing athletic training services.
Attenuation of Hyperinsulinemia-induced DNA Damage of Peripheral Lymphocytes by Carvedilol
Authors: Naghsh-Nilchi Farshad , Etebari Mahmoud 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Most people with diabetes suffer from cardiovascular problems; however, increased oxidative stress caused by diabetes can increase the risk of DNA damage and cancer. Carvedilol is a third-generation beta-blocker that can both improve heart function and prevent oxidative stress.

Aims:
The present study aimed to assess carvedilol's genoprotective effects against hyperinsulinemia-induced DNA strand break in rats.

Materials and Methods:
To evaluate the extent of DNA damage caused by high insulin concentrations and the effect of carvedilol on these lesions, isolated lymphocytes of high-fat type 2 diabetic rats were evaluated using the comet method.

Results:
Our results in this study using the comet method showed that hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia of high-fat diet have significant genotoxic parameters in rats (tail length 84.35 ± 0.23 vs. 0.90 ± 0.02, % DNA in tail 16.09 ± 0.09 vs. 7.63 ± 0.04, and tail moment 13.58 ± 0.09 vs. 0.07 ± 0.01) compared with the control group (P < 0.001). In rats receiving carvedilol, we observed the genoprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner, which is predicted due to the antioxidant activity of carvedilol and its metabolites.

Conclusion:
It does not have an adverse effect on the blood sugar profile of diabetics and reduction of cardiovascular complications of the disease; carvedilol can prevent genetic damage and cancer risk in hyperinsulinemia induced by the high-fat diet.
Enhancing Cognitive Performance with Rejuvenation of Brain Antioxidant Markers and Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Ethanolic Extract of Cucurbita pepo L. Seeds in Scopolamine-Induced Model of Dementia in Rats
Authors: Nain Parminder , Kumar Sunil , Bhatia Manisha , Kaur Jaspreet 
Published: December 2021

Background:

Cucurbita pepo L. herb has been traditionally used for treating numerous disorders in Asian and African countries, including India.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the memory-enhancing activity of C. pepo L. seeds based on its antioxidant potential in cognitive impairment rat model induced by scopolamine.

Materials and Methods:
The experimental animals were treated with the ethanolic extract of C. pepo L. seeds (EECPS) (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o.). Piracetam (200 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as standard drug and given for 14 consecutive days. Cognitive impairment was evaluated by a passive avoidance apparatus and the Morris water maze test. The oxidative parameters in brain of rats were estimated to explore oxidative stress in experimental animals. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance followed by Student's t-test.

Results:
The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of active ingredients such as terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids in the EECPS. The total phenol content was estimated quantitatively in EECPS and found to be 8.37±0.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g. The EECPS at a dose of 400 mg/kg has depicted a maximum increase in step-down latency and reduction in escape latency on behavioral tests, with decrease in oxidative stress by showing an increase in levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione and subsequently a decrease in the malondialdehyde level. Cholinesterase activity was also found to decrease with 400 and 800 mg/kg EECPS when compared with the scopolamine group.

Conclusion:
The results of the study clearly suggest that EECPS ameliorated spatial memory impairment induced by scopolamine, which could further attribute to their antioxidant properties.
Comparative study between the efficacy of subcision versus subcision with poly-L-lactic acid threads in facial atrophic scar treatment
Authors: Elrefaei Nehal M.H. , Wael Mohamed Saudi , El Attar Yasmina A. , Hassan Arwa M. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Subcision is defined as an office surgical technique that has been considered for treatment of atrophic scars. Thread insertion is a well-known effective therapy for face lifting. Recently, some studies proved their efficacy in atrophic facial scar treatment.

Aim
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcision versus subcision with poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) threads in treatment of facial atrophic scars.

Patients and methods
Thirty patients with facial atrophic scars were included. They were divided into two groups, group I treated with subcision and group II treated with subcision and PLLA threads. All patients were evaluated clinically after 3 months.

Results
After 3 months, in group I, the mean clinical improvement was 58.40±20.52. In group II, the mean clinical improvement was 68.40±13.88. The degree of improvement of group II was better than group I but did not show a statistically significant difference (P=0.796). The side effects were very minimal in both groups.

Conclusion
For atrophic facial scar treatment, combined subcision with PLLA thread insertion seems to be more effective than subcision alone.
Epidemiological study of the recorded leprotic patients over a period of 12 years (2005–2016) in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Abo-El Maged Deif Eman E. , El Attar Yasmina A. , El Saleet Gamalat M. , Hassen Arwa M. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Leprosy is a complicated infectious disease that caused disabilities to different systems.

Aim
The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological profile of new recorded leprotic patients over a period of 12 years (2005–2016) in Gharbia Governorate.

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional recorded-based study in which data were collected of patients who were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with leprosy between 2005 and 2016 detected at Tanta University Hospital, Dermatology and Venerology outpatient clinic, and Tanta Dermatology and Leprosy Hospital. Also, we compared our results with the past study that detected the number of leprotic patients over a period of 12 years (1994–2005) in Tanta University Hospital, Gharbia, Egypt.

Results
Our study revealed that the incidence of new leprotic patients was increased in Gharbia Governorate than outside it. Regarding age, sex, and bacteriology, the most common age was between 40 and less than 50, and 50 and less than 60 years, males were more affected, and most cases were positive. In comparison between our study and the old study, the prevalence was significantly higher among males but children were lower affected in our study. Concerning disabilities, feet, hand, and eye were affected respectively mainly in 2005 and then 2006. The common clinical types of leprosy found were multibacillary, paucibacillary, neural, and histoid type, respectively.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed a decrease in the incidence of new leprotic patients through the study period in comparison with the old study in Egypt.
Differences in the genotype frequencies of genes related to blood pressure regulation-a comparative study between South-West Europe and Peri-equatorial Africa
Authors: Aguiar Laura , Semente Ildegário , Ferreira Joana , Carvalho Andreia , P Silva Alda , Caroça Cristina , Caria Helena , Damasceno Albertino , J Laires Maria , Sardinha Luís , Monteiro Cristina , R Mascarenhas Mário , Faustino Paula , Inácio Ângela , Bicho Manuel 
Published: December 2021

Background: Since the emergence of the genus Homo, hominids have occupied a wide variety of environments, facing different selective pressures.
Objectives: The aim this study is to compare genotype frequencies between South-West Europe and Peri-equatorial Africa in genes potentially modulators of blood pressure.
Methods: The analyzed sample consisted of 325 individuals from Portugal and 226 individuals from Africa (48 from Mozambique and 178 from São Tomé and Príncipe). The following genetic variants were analyzed: intron 4 VNTR in eNOS, rs1050829 in G6PD, -3.7kb α-thalassemic deletion in HBA, rs1800457 in CYB5R3, Hp 1/2 genotype/phenotype in Hp and intron 16 I/D in ACE.
Results: Frequencies of genotypes with the 4a allele in eNOS (p<0.001), the G allele in G6PD (p<0.001), the α-3.7 kb in HBA (p <0.001), the C allele in the CYB5R3 (p<0.001) were higher in Peri-equatorial Africa. The Hp 1.1 genotype of Hp has a higher frequency in Peri-equatorial Africa (p=0.002). ACE shows no significant differences.
Conclusion: Results show differences in five genetic variants. Conditions of extreme heat and humidity, characteristic of Peri-equatorial Africa, have been associated with increased sodium loss. This study suggests that selected compensatory mechanisms printed in the genome, are nowadays risk factors for hypertension in Peri-equatorial Africa.
Keywords: Blood pressure; genetics; Africa.
Histopathological patterns and topographical distribution of Kaposi Sarcoma at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Gervas Reginald , Mgaya Edward 
Published: December 2021

Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is derived from endothelial cell lineage; it is caused by Human Herpes Virus-8 (HHV-8) facilitated by immune suppression. KS remains one of the commonest sarcoma seen in Tanzania. The paucity of recent data makes monitoring the disease a challenge. This study describes the Histopathological Patterns and Topographical distribution of Kaposi Sarcoma at Muhimbili National Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania.
Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was done to review biopsies sent to the Central Pathology Laboratory (CPL), Muhimbili National Hospital from 2010 to 2014.
Results: A total of 818 cases representing 1.8 % of all malignancies during the study period were enrolled in the study. The age of patients at diagnosis ranged from 6 months to 94 years old, with the median age being 37 years. Male to female ratiowas 1.4:1.0. Females were younger than males (p < 0.001). The majority of the lesions were in the lower limbs, 352 (64.1%). Nodular KS accounted for 74.5% of all cases.
Conclusion: Kaposi’s sarcoma remains a common malignancy. The patients present late at diagnosis. Early diagnosis and improved treatment protocols remain to be key steps towards reducing the burden of KS.
Keywords: Kaposi's Sarcoma; Histopathological Patterns; Topographical distribution.
COVID-19 in Africa: rethinking the tools to manage future pandemics
Authors: Emahi Ismaila , CNC Watts Mimmie , Azibere Samuel , F Morrison Joseph , AN Sarpong Kwabena 
Published: December 2021

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains an incurable, progressive pneumonia-like illness characterized by fever, dry cough, fatigue, and headache during its early stages. COVID-19 has ultimately resulted in mortality in at least 2 million people worldwide. Millions of people globally have already been affected by this disease, and the numbers are expected to increase, perhaps until an effective cure or vaccine is identified.Although Africa was initially purported by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be severely hit by the pandemic, Africa recorded the least number of cases during the first wave, with lowest rates of infections, compared to Asia, Europe, and the Americas. This statistic might be attributed to the low testing capacity, existing public health awareness and lessons learnt during Ebola epidemic. Nonetheless, the relatively low rate of infection should be an opportunity for Africa to be better prepared to overcome this and future epidemics.In this paper, the authors provide insights into the dynamics and transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) during the first wave of the pandemic; possible explanations into the relatively low rates of infection recorded in Africa; with recommendations for Africa to continue to fight Covid-19; and position itself to effectively manage future pandemics.
Keywords: Covid-19; Ebola; Science Leadership in Africa; Vaccine; SARS-COV-2; Preventative Health; Future Pandemics.
Trauma unit management and outcomes at an urban tertiary hospital in sub-Saharan Africa: a descriptive study
Authors: Stone Luggya Tonny , Alenyo Ngabirano Annet , Sarah Richardson , Osire John , Achieng Lilian , Nabulime Josephine , Mabweijano Jackie 
Published: December 2021

Background: Injuries are a neglected burden despite accounting for 9% of deaths worldwide which is 1.7 times that of hiv, tb and malaria combined. Trauma remains overlooked as research and resources are focused on infectious diseases. Ugandawith limited trauma epidemiological data has one of the highest traumatic injury rates. This study describes demographics, management and outcomes of patients admitted to mulago hospital trauma unit.
Materials and methods: This study was a retrospective record review from july 2012 to december 2015. A data collected included age, time and vitals of admission plus interventions, management and outcomes after which it was analyzed.
Results: 834 patient records were reviewed. The predominant age group was 18-35 and 86% of the patients were male. 54% of the patients presented during day and majority of the admission had gcs of less than 8. Antibiotics were given to 467 patients with mechanical ventilation (301) and intubation (289) as the frequent interventions done. 52% of admitted patients were discharged and 40% died.
Conclusion: Most admissions’ were of youthful age and had severe head injuries (gcs<8). 56% received antibiotics with frequent interventions beig mechanical ventilation and intubation. 52% of admitted patients were discharged and 40% died.
Keywords: Trauma; trauma care; emergency care; head injury.
Magnitude of post-operative mortality and associated factors among patients who underwent surgery in Wolaita Sodo teaching and referral hospital, SNNPR region, Ethiopia
Authors: Tekalign Tiwabwork , Balta Habtamu , Kelbiso Lolemo 
Published: December 2021

Background: Each year 4.2 million people around the world die within 30 days of surgery and postoperative deaths account for 7.7 % of all deaths. So this study aimed to asses’ magnitude of postoperative mortality and associated factors among patients who underwent surgery in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching referral Hospital.Method: Retrospective cross sectional design was carried out from April 15-30 2019. Card review was done on 384 participants by using Systematic sampling technique. Entered to Epi Data; exported to SPSS for analysis. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance is determined at p-value < 0.05.Results: The magnitude of postoperative mortality was 5.7%. Using surgical check list (AOR= 0.18; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), having comorbid condition (AOR= 4.45; 95% CI 1.39 to 14.19), and don’t having blood transfusion (AOR= 0.07; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22) and general anesthesia (AOR= 4.37; 95% CI 1.17 to 16.30) are factors of post-operative mortality.Conclusion: The magnitude of postoperative mortality was high. Surgical check list, comorbidity, blood transfusion and general anesthesia are factors. The hospital should encourage using of surgical check list and work on comorbid patients to decrease the mortality.
Keywords: Magnitude; mortality; surgery; post-operative; Wolaita.
Depression, anxiety, and stress among Ugandan university students during the COVID-19 lockdown: an online survey
Authors: Maria Najjuka Sarah , Checkwech Gaudencia , Olum Ronald , Ashaba Scholastic , Mohan Kaggwa Mark 
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID19 pandemic forced most countries to lockdown, leading to the prolonged closure of many learning institutions. This dramatic shift led to increase of mental illness symptoms among university students.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among Uganda’s university students during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Methods: We conducted a one-month online survey using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21).
Results: Participants n=321 were enrolled with mean age, 24.8(SD=5.1) years and 198(61.7%) were males. The prevalence of mental health symptoms among participants was 80.7%, 98.4%, and 77.9% for depression, high levels of anxiety,and stress, respectively. Statistically significant association between mental health symptoms on multi-logistic regression was found with Males (depression=2.97[1.61–5.48] and stress=1.90[1.07–3.35]), engagement in leisure activity (depression= 1.87[1.01–3.49] and stress=1.98[1.10–3.56]), and being finalist (stress=0.55[0.31– 0.97]). Use of addictive substances seem to potentially alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in the short term.
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest a high prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among university students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Students’ mental health should be monitored by all stakeholders, especially as the pandemic progresses.
Keywords: COVID-19 lockdown; University students; Mental health.