bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taalopdrachten ontwerpen bij een pensum (CE Ovidius 2019)
Authors: Adema Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

Summary
In the upper grades of Dutch secondary schools pupils who take Greek or Latin are required to read, translate and interpret authentic texts in the original language. As the phase of language acquisition is not completed at this stage, pupils still need to practice the recognition and interpretation of linguistic elements. In addition, they need assignments that invite them to reflect on the use and meaning of specific linguistic elements used in the texts. However, language exercises are not included in commonly used text books. In this article, I propose a way in which teachers can design exercises that meet these goals. I illustrate the design steps by means of one example concerning congruency and stylistics, and a second example concerning verb forms and (non)factuality.
Opbouw en vernietiging
Authors: van der Keur Michiel 
Published: June 2021

Summary
In the Aeneid, the recurrent themes of ‘construction’ and ‘destruction’ (the topic of the Latin final exam of 2020) can be connected to generic roles. Dido, founder of Carthage, is presented progressively in elegiac terms, as is suggested by a number of echoes of Sapphic love poetry; as a character, she is guided primarily by personal motives. Dido’s ‘elegiac role’ forebodes her own destruction and that of her city. Aeneas, on the other hand, needs to adhere to his epic role as founder of the new Trojan/Roman nation, in order to avert destruction and the repetition of Troy’s fate. When during his stay in Carthage he starts to show signs of transforming into an elegiac lover, the gods intervene and put him back onto the epic track: the public interest should take precedence over personal feelings. This opposition between elegiac Dido and epic Aeneas may grant insight into Vergil’s message for his contemporaries.
Tacitus en het toneel van Nero
Authors: Selles Ramon 
Published: June 2021

Summary
On the basis of a broad perspective on theatricality and tragedy in imperial Rome this article argues that theatrical and tragic elements play an important role in the episode on the death of Nero’s mother Agrippina in Tacitus’ Annals 14.1-10. These elements fall into three categories: 1) theatricality, 2) generic, tragic elements and 3) allusions to specific tragic texts. These evocations of the (tragic) stage serve to underscore Tacitus’ characterization of the reign of Nero and of imperial Roman society in general as fundamentally artificial. Tacitus’ use of tragic material does not reflect an Aristotelian, tragic vision of history, but rather stresses the theatricality of the historical events, drawing upon a cultural memory of Nero and Agrippina as the creators of, and actors in, their own farcical world. At the same time the episode is presented by Tacitus as the paradigmatic starting point of Nero’s engagement in various forms of spectacle entertainment (Annales, 14.11-22). In Tacitus’ presentation of the aftermath of the murder theatricality and spectacle represent a moral decline characterized by lascivia and licentia, reflecting Tacitus’ moral concerns.
Op weg naar vrijheid en burgerschap
Authors: Hemelrijk Emily 
Published: June 2021

Summary
In Rome, Ostia, and other cities of Italy in the imperial period the over-whelming majority of the grave monuments were set up by freed people. Since this predominance does not reflect demographic realities, we may infer that freedmen and freedwomen had strong incentives to set up funerary monuments. This article looks at their tombs from the perspective of freedwomen. How were they portrayed in the reliefs and inscriptions on their tombs? It will be argued that while most presented themselves according to the ideals of the Roman matrona, the respectably married citizen woman, some emphasized their profession as part of their social identity or were portrayed in the guise of female deities following the example of the empresses. Thus, the portraits and epitaphs of freedwomen show a greater diversity than those of freeborn women.
Achter de schermen van de festivalwereld
Authors: Fauconnier Bram 
Published: June 2021

Summary
This paper discusses the two ‘international’ or ecumenical associations of athletes and artists in the Roman empire, the so-called xystic and thymelic synods. These associations played a key role in the world of Greek competitive festivals (agones). They not only provided practical assistance to their members and protected their professional and economic interests, they also contributed to the organisation of the competitions and supported the central authorities in keeping up an official festival calendar. Hence, they were not merely a side effect of the expansion of Greek festivals across the Roman empire, they were an important factor in making this expansion possible.
PELAKSANAAN UJIAN TES SEKRETARIS DESA DI DESA WILANGSARI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN COMPUTER ASSISTED TEST
Authors: Karaman Jamilah , Aliyadi Aliyadi , Kumalasari Ellisia 
Published: June 2021

Pegawai pemerintahan yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk dapat mewujudkan tujuan pemerintah. Untuk mendapatkan pegawai pemerintahan yang berkualitas dan berintegritas diperlukan usaha yang maksimal. Salah satu yang bisa dilakukan pemerintah adalah dengan melakukan perekrutan pegawai negeri atau biasa disebut CPNS. Perekrutan CPNS dilakukan pemerintah dengan menggunakan sistem CAT. Pada kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi Calon Sekretaris Desa guna mendapatkan Aparatur Sipil Negara yang berkualitas dan berintegritas tinggi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada tanggal 30 Maret 2021 dengan waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah 1 hari. Terdapat 49 peserta yang mengikuti ujian ini. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah butir soal ujian yang sudah diinput ke dalam komputer sebanyak 150 soal yang terdiri dari beberapa tipe soal. Sistem CAT dipilih dalam proses seleksi karena terdapat banyak kelebihan, seperti hemat biaya dan waktu, efisien, praktis, meminimalisir kerugian bagi peserta sebagai akibat dari adanya praktek KKN, dan meminimalisir kesalahan pengkoreksian. Pelaksanaan ujian ini hanya meloloskan 1 orang, namun Panitia Balai Desa akan mengirimkan 2 nama di mana salah satunya sebagai cadangan. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini di harapkan mendapatkan PNS (Pegawai Negeri Sipil) yang kompeten, profesionnal dan bebas dari praktek KKN.Kata Kunci: calon pegawai negeri sipil, computer assited test, perangkat desa
Implementasi Akuntasi Koperasi Sesuai Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Mengengah Nomor 13 Tahun 2015 berbasis MYOB
Authors: Slahanti Masine , Yulianti Yulianti , Wahdi Nirsetyo 
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah melakukan sosialisasi dan pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan menggunakan program berbasis Komputer akuntansi (MYOB) pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Artha Mandiri Kecamatan Karangawen, Demak. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus s/d Oktober 2018 di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Artha Mandiri Kecamatan Karangawen, Demak. Metode yang digunakan yaitu yang pertama penyuluhan dan pemahaman mengenai Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Nomor 13 Taahun 2015, yang kedua laporan keuangan koperasi dan pelatihan, yang ketiga pemahaman penyususunan laporan keuangan koperasi dan pelatihan-pelatihannya. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan pengelola koperasi mampu menyusun laporan keuangan koperasi sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha kecil dan Menengah. Sehingga penyusunan laporan keuangan menggunakan sistem komputerisasi (MYOB) menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menyusun laporan keuangan. Hal ini akan membuat penyampaian laporan keuangan atau pertanggungjawaban pengelola koperasi kepada para anggota tidak terjadi lebih dari waktu yang ditetapkan. Kata Kunci: akuntansi berbasis myob, laporan keuangan, pelatihan
Diet therapy for infectious diseases in children
Authors: Плоскирева А.А. 
Published: June 2021

Изменение обмена веществ при инфекционных болезнях у детей характеризуется однотипностью метаболических сдвигов и обусловлено сочетанием значимого повышения потребности организма в энергии и белково-энергетических субстратах с толерантностью тканей к их усвоению. При этом тяжесть течения инфекции обуславливает развитие относительной нутритивной недостаточности. Нарушения обмена веществ, развивающиеся при инфекционных болезнях у детей, носят характер стереотипной стрессорной реакции, характеризующейся на фоне повышения потребностей организма в белково-энергетических субстратах развитием дисбаланса в обмене углеводов, белков и жиров. В статье рассмотрена проблема важности рационального питания у детей при инфекционных болезнях. Показано, что основными подходами к диетотерапии должны быть этапность, учет возраста ребенка и тяжести болезни. Одним из значимых аспектов профилактики негативного влияния инфекционного процесса и, например, антибактериальной терапии является назначение продуктов функционального питания, содержащих пробиотические компоненты.
The change in metabolism in infectious diseases in children is characterized by the same type of metabolic changes and is due to a combination of a significant increase in the body's need for energy and protein-energy substrates with tissue tolerance for their assimilation. At the same time, the severity of the course of the infection determines the development of relative nutritional deficiency. Metabolic disorders that develop in infectious diseases in children are in the nature of a stereotypical stress reaction, characterized by the development of an imbalance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats against the background of an increase in the body's needs for protein-energy substrates. The article deals with the problem of the importance of a balanced diet in children with infectious diseases. It is shown that the main approaches to diet therapy should be stages, taking into account the child's age and the severity of the disease. One of the significant aspects of preventing the negative impact of the infectious process and, for example, antibacterial therapy is the appointment of functional food products containing probiotic components.
Effects of heterogeneous reactions on tropospheric chemistry: a global simulation with the chemistry–climate model CHASER V4.0
Authors: Ha Phuc T. M. , Matsuda Ryoki , Kanaya Yugo , Taketani Fumikazu , Sudo Kengo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study uses a chemistry–climate model CHASER (MIROC)
to explore the roles of heterogeneous reactions (HRs) in global tropospheric
chemistry. Three distinct HRs of N2O5, HO2, and RO2 are
considered for surfaces of aerosols and cloud particles. The model
simulation is verified with EANET and EMEP stationary observations; R/V Mirai ship-based data; ATom1 aircraft measurements; satellite observations
by OMI, ISCCP, and CALIPSO-GOCCP; and reanalysis data JRA55. The
heterogeneous chemistry facilitates improvement of model performance with
respect to observations for NO2, OH, CO, and O3, especially in the
lower troposphere. The calculated effects of heterogeneous reactions cause
marked changes in global abundances of O3 (−2.96 %), NOx
(−2.19 %), CO (+3.28 %), and global mean CH4 lifetime
(+5.91 %). These global effects were contributed mostly by
N2O5 uptake onto aerosols in the middle troposphere. At the
surface, HO2 uptake gives the largest contributions, with a
particularly significant effect in the North Pacific region (−24 %
O3, +68 % NOx, +8 % CO, and −70 % OH), mainly
attributable to its uptake onto clouds. The RO2 reaction has a small
contribution, but its global mean negative effects on O3 and CO are not
negligible. In general, the uptakes onto ice crystals and cloud droplets
that occur mainly by HO2 and RO2 radicals cause smaller global
effects than the aerosol-uptake effects by N2O5 radicals
(+1.34 % CH4 lifetime, +1.71 % NOx, −0.56 % O3,
+0.63 % CO abundances). Nonlinear responses of tropospheric O3,
NOx, and OH to the N2O5 and HO2 uptakes are found in the
same modeling framework of this study (R>0.93). Although all HRs
showed negative tendencies for OH and O3 levels, the effects of
HR(HO2) on the tropospheric abundance of O3 showed a small
increment with an increasing loss rate. However, this positive tendency
turns to reduction at higher rates (>5 times). Our results
demonstrate that the HRs affect not only polluted areas but also remote
areas such as the mid-latitude sea boundary layer and upper troposphere.
Furthermore, HR(HO2) can bring challenges to pollution reduction
efforts because it causes opposite effects between NOx (increase) and
surface O3 (decrease).
Review article: Risk management framework of environmental hazards and extremes in Mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: Nastos Panagiotis T. , Dalezios Nicolas R. , Faraslis Ioannis N. , Mitrakopoulos Kostas , Blanta Anna , Spiliotopoulos Marios , Sakellariou Stavros , Sidiropoulos Pantelis , Tarquis Ana M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Risk assessment constitutes the first part within the risk management
framework and involves evaluating the importance of a risk, either quantitatively or qualitatively. Risk assessment consists of three steps,
namely risk identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation.
Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step,
i.e., the need for feedback on all the risk assessment undertakings.
However, there is a lack of such feedback, which constitutes a serious
deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards at the present time.
Risk identification of local or regional hazards involves hazard quantification, event monitoring including early warning systems and
statistical inference. Risk identification also involves the development of
a database where historical hazard information and hazard effects are
included. Similarly, risk estimation involves magnitude–frequency relationships and hazard economic costs. Furthermore, risk evaluation consists of the social consequences of the derived risk and involves
cost-benefit analysis and community policy. The objective of this review
paper is twofold. On the one hand, it is to address meteorological hazards and
extremes within the risk management framework. Analysis results and case
studies over Mediterranean ecosystems with emphasis on the wider area of
Greece, in the eastern Mediterranean, are presented for each of the three
steps of risk assessment for several environmental hazards. The results
indicate that the risk management framework constitutes an integrated
approach for environmental planning and decision-making. On the other hand,
it sheds light on advances and current trends in the considered meteorological and environmental hazards and extreme events, such as
tornadoes, waterspouts, hailstorms, heat waves, droughts, floods, heavy
convective precipitation, landslides and wildfires, using recorded datasets,
model simulations and innovative methodologies.
Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures
Authors: Arrighi Chiara , Pregnolato Maria , Castelli Fabio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Floods are one of the most frequent and damaging natural threats worldwide. Whereas the assessment of direct impacts is well advanced, the evaluation of indirect impacts is less frequently achieved. Indirect impacts are not due to the physical contact with flood water but result, for example, from the reduced performance of infrastructures. Linear critical infrastructures (such as roads and pipes) have an interconnected nature that may lead to failure propagation, so that impacts extend far beyond the inundated areas and/or period. This work presents the risk analysis of two linear infrastructure systems, i.e. the water distribution system (WSS) and the road network system. The evaluation of indirect flood impacts on the two networks is carried out for four flooding scenarios, obtained by a coupled 1D–quasi-2D hydraulic model. Two methods are used for assessing the impacts on the WSS and on the road network: a pressure-driven demand network model and a transport network disruption model respectively. The analysis is focused on the identification of (i) common impact metrics, (ii) vulnerable elements exposed to the flood, (iii) similarities and differences of the methodological aspects for the two networks, and (iv) risks due to systemic interdependency. The study presents an application to the metropolitan area of Florence (Italy). When interdependencies are accounted for, results showed that the risk to the WSS in terms of population equivalent (PE/year) can be reduced by 71.5 % and 41.8 %, if timely repairs to the WSS stations are accomplished by 60 and 120 min respectively; the risk to WSS in terms of pipe length (km yr−1) reduces by 53.1 % and 15.6 %. The study highlights that resilience is enhanced by systemic risk-informed planning, which ensures timely interventions on critical infrastructures; however, for indirect impacts and cascade effects, temporal and spatial scales are difficult to define. Perspective research could further improve this work by applying a system-risk analysis to multiple urban infrastructures.
A Bayesian approach towards daily pan-Arctic sea ice freeboard estimates from combined CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 satellite observations
Authors: Gregory William , Lawrence Isobel R. , Tsamados Michel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Observations of sea ice freeboard from satellite radar altimeters are crucial in the derivation of sea ice thickness estimates, which in turn provide information on sea ice forecasts, volume budgets, and productivity rates. Current spatio-temporal resolution of radar freeboard is limited as 30 d are required in order to generate pan-Arctic coverage from CryoSat-2 and 27 d are required from Sentinel-3 satellites. This therefore hinders our ability to understand physical processes that drive sea ice thickness variability on sub-monthly timescales. In this study we exploit the consistency between CryoSat-2, Sentinel-3A, and Sentinel-3B radar freeboards in order to produce daily gridded pan-Arctic freeboard estimates between December 2018 and April 2019. We use the Bayesian inference approach of Gaussian process regression to learn functional mappings between radar freeboard observations in space and time and to subsequently retrieve pan-Arctic freeboard as well as uncertainty estimates. We also employ an empirical Bayesian approach towards learning the free (hyper)parameters of the model, which allows us to derive daily estimates related to radar freeboard spatial and temporal correlation length scales. The estimated daily radar freeboard predictions are, on average across the 2018–2019 season, equivalent to CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 freeboards to within 1 mm (standard deviations <6 cm), and cross-validation experiments show that errors in predictions are, on average, ≤ 4 mm across the same period. We also demonstrate the improved temporal variability of a pan-Arctic daily product by comparing time series of the predicted freeboards, with 31 d running means from CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 freeboards, across nine sectors of the Arctic, as well as making comparisons with daily ERA5 snowfall data. Pearson correlations between daily radar freeboard anomalies and snowfall are as high as +0.52 over first-year ice and +0.41 over multi-year ice, suggesting that the estimated daily fields are able to capture real physical radar freeboard variability at sub-weekly timescales.
Anxiety—genuine or spurious?
Authors: MacCannell Juliet Flower 
Published: June 2021

In this essay I use contemporary accounts, often journalistic, of the extremely anxious condition that young adults, “quarter lifers,” appear to be suffering in large numbers. Their anxiety is often characterized by a paralyzing inability to accomplish the most trivial seeming tasks, while nonetheless working successfully at their jobs. They express bitter disappointments about the state of their lives, when their dreams—framed largely by their parents—have failed to materialize. Why this rise in anxiety— not only in the numbers of diagnoses and treatments we are now seeing—but in young adults’ experience of it as a semi-permanent condition?
The answer lies in Freud’s somewhat difficult 1925 essay, “Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety,” in which Freud links anxietywith “animal phobias” and “agoraphobias.” Unlike with the other two neurotic indicators (inhibitions and symptoms), anxiety is not an unconscious repression of enjoyment. Instead anxiety stages a unique reenactment of both Oedipus and castration anxiety simultaneously: the anxious person is pulled by contrary impulses, wanting to earn the Father’s love by giving up Oedipal desires (out of fear of castration by the Father), and a unique return of Oedipus (desire to possess the Mother by wishing their Father dead). Freud’s example is Little Hans, he of the horse phobia. The agoraphobia of today’s young adults is prime example of anxiety as the psychical inability to leave home or live their life outside their parents’ restrictive and narrow version of what their child’s life “ought to be.”
Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Arab Saudi Menaikan Tarif Bea Masuk dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ekspor Indonesia
Authors: Ningsih Rahayu , Nisaa' Choirin 
Published: June 2021

Saudi Arabia is Indonesian trading partner with a total trade value in 2019 reached USD 5.07 billion. Indonesia's trade with Saudi Arabia contributed to a deficit in Indonesia's trade balance, from USD 1.36 billion in 2015 to USD 3.68 billion in 2018. Amid efforts to increase exports to Saudi Arabia, on May 27, 2020, Custom Saudi, has issued a policy of changing the rate of import duty on 37 tarif lines (HS 2 digit) with an increase to be in the range of 7% to 20% from the initial rate, which is in the range of 5% to 12%. This matter, of course, has potential effect on Indonesia's export penetration. This analysis aims to identify Indonesian export products that are affected by the increase in import duty rates in Saudi Arabia and analyze the impact of the increase in the import duty of Saudi Arabia and its implications for Indonesia's export performance. With the descriptive analysis method using secondary data of trade data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics and UN Comtrade, this study concluded that the increase in Saudi Arabia's import duties on Indonesia's main export products had an impact on several of Indonesia's main export products, namely paper products, iron and steel products, iron and steel, Man-made staple fibres, and Machinery. Meanwhile, other export products such as automotive, plastic product, Electrical machinery, palm oil, processed meat and fish products, and some textile products have no substantial impact. Therefore, to anticipate the impact on the penetration of Indonesian export products, the government needs to disseminate information to business actors, especially exporters whose products are subject to an increase in import duty in Saudi Arabia so that anticipatory steps can be taken as well as efforts to find alternative export destination markets in other countries.