bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deriving Priors for Bayesian Prediction of Daily Response Propensity in Responsive Survey Design: Historical Data Analysis Versus Literature Review
Authors: West Brady T , Wagner James , Coffey Stephanie , Elliott Michael R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResponsive survey design (RSD) aims to increase the efficiency of survey data collection via live monitoring of paradata and the introduction of protocol changes when survey errors and increased costs seem imminent. Daily predictions of response propensity for all active sampled cases are among the most important quantities for live monitoring of data collection outcomes, making sound predictions of these propensities essential for the success of RSD. Because it relies on real-time updates of prior beliefs about key design quantities, such as predicted response propensities, RSD stands to benefit from Bayesian approaches. However, empirical evidence of the merits of these approaches is lacking in the literature, and the derivation of informative prior distributions is required for these approaches to be effective. In this paper, we evaluate the ability of two approaches to deriving prior distributions for the coefficients defining daily response propensity models to improve predictions of daily response propensity in a real data collection employing RSD. The first approach involves analyses of historical data from the same survey, and the second approach involves literature review. We find that Bayesian methods based on these two approaches result in higher-quality predictions of response propensity than more standard approaches ignoring prior information. This is especially true during the early-to-middle periods of data collection, when survey managers using RSD often consider interventions.
A systematic approach to literature analysis: traveling through stories
Authors: Uenishi Ryusei , Ortega Claudio , Pérez Martinez Ángel , Rodríguez-Serra Michelle , Elías Paula 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Travel literature has captured humanity’s imagination ever since the emergence of famous works such as The Wonders of The World by Marco Polo and The Journal of Christopher Columbus. Authors in this genre must process large and diverse volumes of data (visual, sensory, and written) obtained on their trips, before synthesizing it humanly in such a way as to move and communicate personally with the reader, without losing the factual nature of the story. This is the ultimate goal of the natural language processing (NLP) field: to process and generate human–machine interaction as naturally as possible. Hence, this article’s purpose is to analyze and describe a nonfictional literary text, which is a type of documentary text that contains objective, qualitative, and quantitative information based on evidence. In this analysis, traditional methods will not be used. Instead, it will leverage NLP techniques to process and extract relevant information from the text. This literary analysis is a new kind of approach that encourages further discussions about the methodologies currently used. The proposed methodology enables exploratory analysis of both individual and unstructured corpus databases while also allowing geospatial data to complement the textual analysis by connecting the people in the text with real places.
Strictly join irreducible varieties of residuated lattices
Authors: Aglianò Paolo , Ugolini Sara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study (strictly) join irreducible varieties in the lattice of subvarieties of residuated lattices. We explore the connections with well-connected algebras and suitable generalizations, focusing in particular on representable varieties. Moreover, we find weakened notions of Halldén completeness that characterize join irreducibility. We characterize strictly join irreducible varieties of basic hoops and use the generalized rotation construction to find strictly join irreducible varieties in subvarieties of $\mathsf{MTL}$-algebras. We also obtain some general results about linear varieties of residuated lattices, with a particular focus on representable varieties, and a characterization for linear varieties of basic hoops.
Priors neutral between the parties: the Batson motion in Idaho v. Ish
Authors: Kadane Joseph B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For Bayesian inference to be useful to a court, it is essential that the priors used should be neutral between the parties. ‘Neutrality’ reflects the idea that the fact-finder would want the statistical analyses to be fair to both parties. It is neither the same as the legal designation of which party has the burden of proof with respect to a particular matter, nor the standard of proof that must be met for that party to prevail. The recent case of Idaho v. Ish raises the question of how to find such priors, particularly in a doubly constrained 2 × 2 table with a zero. This article re-examines this issue. It also offers reflection on whether, given a zero in the table (which here means that all members of a particular race or sex are excluded from jury service), it matters how many are excluded.
“The Secret of that Herb”: Mystical Smoking from Italian Sabbateanism to Hasidism
Authors: Luboshitz Tzvi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article is dedicated to the notion of “mystical smoking” in Kabbalah and Hasidism. In spite of the fact that many researchers have dealt with the smoking habits of the Hasidim, the sources and meanings of this behavior have not yet been fully clarified. This paper will reexamine “mystical smoking” by reading some of the writings of R. Moshe David Valle, an eighteenth-century Italian kabbalist. According to Valle, the act of smoking plays a crucial role in the enduring struggle of the righteous person (tsaddik) against the powers of the Evil Side (sitra achra) and the impure husks (qelipot). From several paragraphs of Valle’s writings, it becomes clear that smoking is equated with sacrificing to the sitra achra, and is as necessary and important as the biblical scapegoat in the struggle against the sitra achra. Moreover, the calming, relaxing, or clouding effect that comes naturally with smoking causes the sitra achra within the tsaddik’s soul to be satisfied and to restrain itself from fighting against the Holy Side. In light of “the secret of the pipe,” which Valle discusses at length, Hasidic stories and sermons in which smoking plays an essential role will be reevaluated. Until now, these sources have been subject to ultra-positivist, psychological, or literary explanations, which are unsatisfying and insufficient. In this paper, a new explanation, based on specific kabbalistic ideas, will be suggested, and conjectures regarding the transmission of knowledge from Italy to Eastern Europe will be proposed.
Impact of the ISM magnetic field on GRB afterglow polarization
Authors: Teboul O , Shaviv N J 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Linear polarization has been measured in several gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. After a few days, polarization arises from the forward shock emission that depends on the post-shock magnetic field. The latter can originate both from compression of existing fields, here the interstellar medium (ISM) magnetic field, and from shock-generated instabilities. For short GRBs, previous modelling of the polarization arising from the forward shock considered a random field fully or partially confined to the shock plane. However, the ISM magnetic field likely consists of both random and ordered components. Here we study the impact of a more realistic magnetic field having both ordered and random components. We present our semi-analytical model and compute polarization curves arising for different magnetic field configurations. We find that the presence of an ordered component, even significantly weaker than the random one, has distinct signatures that could be detectable. In the presence of an ordered component not in the observer plane, we show that (i) for an observer inside the jet, the polarization angle θp either remains constant during all the afterglow phase or exhibits variations smaller than the 90° swing expected from a random component solely; (ii) for an off-axis observer, the polarization angle evolves from $\theta _\mathrm{ p}^{\max }$, before the jet break to its opposite after the jet break. We also find that the upper limit polarization for GRB 170817 requires a random field not fully confined to the shock plane and is compatible with an ordered component as large as half the random one.
Bang your Head: Construing Beat through Familiar Drum Patterns in Metal Music
Authors: Hudson Stephen S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical framework for understanding headbanging to metal music as an embodied practice of perception and offers several analyses to demonstrate how specific patterns serve as a common core of rhythmic patterning in the genre. Listeners express metal’s flexible rhythmic style through headbanging, creating experiences of heaviness and community. This motion brings felt beats into existence, guided by what I call “metering constructions,” familiar rhythmic/motional patterns that are both schematic knowledge of music and embodied practices of perception. I define metering constructions through theories of embodied meter and cognitive linguistics. Two constructions, the backbeat and the phrase-ending 332, are used throughout rock, but distinguished in metal by characteristic drum patterns and motional qualities. Headbangers thus create and perform their own beat interpretation, what I call a “patchwork quilt of recognized rhythms” stitched together in various orders and combinations—sometimes resembling regular isochronous meter, sometimes not.
Structure and Variable Formal Function in Schubert’s Three-Key Expositions
Authors: Grant Aaron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFew expositional procedures have permitted so diverse a repertoire of form-functional explanations as the three-key exposition. Ever since Felix Salzer coined the term, theorists have attempted to model these structures, particularly in relation to Schubert’s sonata-form expositions. Although authors have proposed a number of different options, no consensus has emerged, leading many theorists to equivocate when labeling these expositions. Much of this disagreement is predicated on a misunderstanding of Schubert’s three-key expositions, namely trying to shoehorn them into a two-part model of sonata-form expositions. This article proposes a new form-functional model for Schubert’s three-key expositions. I first detail the typical features of these expositions based on a corpus of all Schubertian three-key expositions. I use these norms to argue that the three-key exposition constitutes a new, three-part expositional option along with continuous and two-part expositions. My approach aligns with Salzer (1928), Hinrichsen (1988 and 1994), Kessler (1996), and Hur (1992), who contend that the second tonal area should be seen as occupying the same hierarchical level as the other two tonal areas. My model, however, differs from theirs because I do not pigeonhole the exposition into a two-part framework. Rather, I show how Schubert’s mutable treatment of the second tonal area’s harmonic stability and the third tonal area’s rhetoric necessitates a new set of formal functions. In doing so, I not only illuminate a previously unacknowledged aspect of Schubert’s practices, but I also show how the various combinations of formal functions provided him a new set of expressive possibilities.
Clinical trial challenges, design considerations, and outcome measures in rare CNS tumors
Authors: Armstrong Terri S , Gilbert Mark R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Clinical research for patients with rare cancers has been very challenging. First and foremost, patient accrual to clinical trials typically requires a network, cooperative group, or even international collaboration in order to achieve the necessary numbers of patients to adequately evaluate a new treatment or intervention. Similar limitations in preclinical models and in the understanding the natural history of the disease or pertinent prognostic factors further impede the development of hypothesis-based, appropriately powered clinical trials. However, despite these challenges, several studies in rare cancers, including ependymoma and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, have helped to establish new treatment regimens. Importantly, in these seminal trials, patient outcomes measures were critical in describing the clinical benefit derived from the therapy, underscoring the need to incorporate these measures in future trials. While obstacles still remain, novel and creative approaches to clinical trial designs have been developed that can be used to study new treatments for patients with rare cancers, thereby addressing a significant unmet need.
Classifying Patients Operated for Spondylolisthesis: A K-Means Clustering Analysis of Clinical Presentation Phenotypes
Authors: Chan Andrew K , Wozny Thomas A , Bisson Erica F , Pennicooke Brenton H , Bydon Mohamad , Glassman Steven D , Foley Kevin T , Shaffrey Christopher I , Potts Eric A , Shaffrey Mark E , Coric Domagoj , Knightly John J , Park Paul , Wang Michael Y , Fu Kai-Ming , Slotkin Jonathan R , Asher Anthony L , Virk Michael S , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Alvi Mohammed A , Guan Jian , Haid Regis W , Mummaneni Praveen V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Trials of lumbar spondylolisthesis are difficult to compare because of the heterogeneity in the populations studied.

OBJECTIVE
To define patterns of clinical presentation.

METHODS
This is a study of the prospective Quality Outcomes Database spondylolisthesis registry, including patients who underwent single-segment surgery for grade 1 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Twenty-four-month patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected. A k-means clustering analysis—an unsupervised machine learning algorithm—was used to identify clinical presentation phenotypes.

RESULTS
Overall, 608 patients were identified, of which 507 (83.4%) had 24-mo follow-up. Clustering revealed 2 distinct cohorts. Cluster 1 (high disease burden) was younger, had higher body mass index (BMI) and American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) grades, and globally worse baseline PROs. Cluster 2 (intermediate disease burden) was older and had lower BMI and ASA grades, and intermediate baseline PROs. Baseline radiographic parameters were similar (P > .05). Both clusters improved clinically (P < .001 all 24-mo PROs). In multivariable adjusted analyses, mean 24-mo Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Numeric Rating Scale Back Pain (NRS-BP), Numeric Rating Scale Leg Pain, and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) were markedly worse for the high-disease-burden cluster (adjusted-P < .001). However, the high-disease-burden cluster demonstrated greater 24-mo improvements for ODI, NRS-BP, and EQ-5D (adjusted-P < .05) and a higher proportion reaching ODI minimal clinically important difference (MCID) (adjusted-P = .001). High-disease-burden cluster had lower satisfaction (adjusted-P = .02).

CONCLUSION
We define 2 distinct phenotypes—those with high vs intermediate disease burden—operated for lumbar spondylolisthesis. Those with high disease burden were less satisfied, had a lower quality of life, and more disability, more back pain, and more leg pain than those with intermediate disease burden, but had greater magnitudes of improvement in disability, back pain, quality of life, and more often reached ODI MCID.
Overlap Before the Critical Step of Lumbar Fusion Does Not Lead to Increased Short-Term Morbidity
Authors: Farooqi Ali S , Borja Austin J , Detchou Donald K E , Glauser Gregory , Shultz Kaitlyn , McClintock Scott D , Malhotra Neil R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Few studies have assessed the impact of overlapping surgery during different timepoints of neurosurgical procedures.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of overlap before the critical portion of surgery on short-term patient outcomes following lumbar fusion.

METHODS
In total, 3799 consecutive patients who underwent single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion over 6 yr (2013-2019) at an academic hospital system were retrospectively studied. Outcomes included 30-d emergency department (ED) visit, readmission, reoperation, mortality, overall morbidity, and overall morbidity/surgical complications. Duration of overlap that occurred before the critical portion of surgery was calculated as a percentage of total beginning operative time. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess the impact of incremental 1% increases in the duration of overlap within the whole population and patients with beginning overlap. Subsequently, univariate analysis was used to compare exact matched patients with the least (bottom 40%) and most amounts of overlap (100% beginning overlap). Coarsened exact matching was used to match patients on key demographic factors, as well as attending surgeon. Significance was set at a P-value < .05.

RESULTS
Increased duration of beginning overlap was associated with a decrease in 30-d ED visit (P = .03) within all patients with beginning overlap, but not within the whole population undergoing lumbar fusion. Duration of beginning overlap was not associated with any other short-term morbidity or mortality outcome in either the whole population or patients with beginning overlap.

CONCLUSION
Increased duration of overlap before the critical step of surgery does not predict adverse short-term outcomes after single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion.
Prophylactic Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Spine Surgery (PLUSS): A Pilot Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Macki Mohamed , Haddad Yazeed , Suryadevara Raviteja , Dabaja Abed Latif , Chedid Mokbel , Chang Victor ,   PLUSS Investigators
Published: September 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite a proven superior efficacy of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) over unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the majority of surgical specialties, chemoprophylactic techniques after spine surgery have not been established because of the fear of epidural hematomas with LMWH.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of LMWH vs UFH in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events, balanced against the risk of epidural hematoma.

METHODS
This is the first matched cohort design that directly compares prophylactic LMWH to UFH after spine surgery for degenerative/deformity pathologies at a tertiary academic center. Prospectively collected patients receiving prophylactic LMWH and a historical cohort of patients receiving prophylactic UFH (prior to 2017) were matched in 1:1 ratio based on age ±5 yr, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, location in the spinal column, and type of surgery.

RESULTS
Of 562 patients, VTE events equaled 1.4% (n = 8): 1.4% (n = 4) with LMWH was exactly equal to 1.4% (n = 4) with UFH. Epidural hematomas reached 0.8% (n = 5): 1.4% (n = 4) with UFH vs 0.3% (n = 1) with the LMWH (P = .178). Utilizing adjusted odds ratio (ORadj), the type of chemoprophylaxis after spine surgery failed to predict VTE events. Similarly, the chemoprophylactic technique failed to predict epidural hematoma in the multivariable regression analysis, although UFH trended toward a higher complication rate (ORadj = 3.15 [0.48-20.35], P = .227).

CONCLUSION
Chemoprophylactic patterns failed to predict VTE. Although no differences in epidural hematoma rates were detected, our analysis does highlight a trend toward a safer profile with LMWH vs UFH. LMWH may be a safe alternative to UFH in spine surgery.
Flow Diversion for Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: An International Cohort Study
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Adeeb Nimer , Dibas Mahmoud , Boisseau William , Harker Pablo , Brinjikji Waleed , Xiang Sishi , Joyce Evan , Shapiro Maksim , Raz Eytan , Parra-Farinas Carmen , Pickett Gwynedd , Alotaibi Naif M , Regenhardt Robert W , Bernstock Joshua D , Spears Julian , Griessenauer Christoph J , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Hafeez Muhammad U , Kan Peter , Grandhi Ramesh , Taussky Philipp , Nossek Erez , Hong Tao , Zhang Hongqi , Rinaldo Lorenzo , Lanzino Giuseppe , Stapleton Christopher J , Rabinov James D , Patel Aman B , Marotta Thomas R , Roy Daniel , Dmytriw Adam A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Open surgery has traditionally been preferred for the management of bifurcation middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. Flow diverting stents present a novel endovascular strategy for aneurysm treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To add to the limited literature describing the outcomes and complications in the use of flow diverters for the treatment of these complex aneurysms.

METHODS
This is a multicenter retrospective review of MCA bifurcation aneurysms undergoing flow diversion. We assessed post-treatment radiological outcomes and both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications.

RESULTS
We reviewed the outcomes of 54 aneurysms treated with flow diversion. Four (7.4%) of the aneurysms had a history of rupture (3 remote and 1 acute). Fourteen (25.9%) of the aneurysms already underwent either open surgery or coiling prior to flow diversion. A total of 36 out of the 45 aneurysms (80%) with available follow-up data had adequate aneurysm occlusion with a median follow-up time of 12 mo. There were no hemorrhagic complications but 16.7% (9/54) had thromboembolic complications.

CONCLUSION
Flow diverting stents may be a viable option for the endovascular treatment of complex bifurcation MCA aneurysms. However, compared to published series on the open surgical treatment of this subset of aneurysms, flow diversion has inferior outcomes and are associated with a higher rate of complications.
Grains – a major source of sustainable protein for health
Authors: Poutanen Kaisa S , Kårlund Anna O , Gómez-Gallego Carlos , Johansson Daniel P , Scheers Nathalie M , Marklinder Ingela M , Eriksen Anne K , Silventoinen Pia C , Nordlund Emilia , Sozer Nesli , Hanhineva Kati J , Kolehmainen Marjukka , Landberg Rikard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCereal grains are the main dietary source of energy, carbohydrates, and plant proteins world-wide. Currently, only 41% of grains are used for human consumption, and up to 35% are used for animal feed. Cereals have been overlooked as a source of environmentally sustainable and healthy plant proteins and could play a major role in transitioning towards a more sustainable food system for healthy diets. Cereal plant proteins are of good nutritional quality, but lysine is often the limiting amino acid. When consumed as whole grains, cereals provide health-protecting components such as dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Shifting grain use from feed to traditional foods and conceptually new foods and ingredients could improve protein security and alleviate climate change. Rapid development of new grain-based food ingredients and use of grains in new food contexts, such as dairy replacements and meat analogues, could accelerate the transition. This review discusses recent developments and outlines future perspectives for cereal grain use.