bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoulder pain prevalence by age and within occupational groups: a systematic review
Authors: Hodgetts Christopher J. , Leboeuf-Yde Charlotte , Beynon Amber , Walker Bruce F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Shoulder pain was previously shown to diminish in older populations and it was suggested that this could be explained by reduced usage with age. Our objectives were to investigate if estimates of shoulder pain continue to increase after the age of 50 in working populations and to compare these estimates in physically demanding occupations with sedentary occupations.

Methods
A systematic review of retrospective, cross-sectional, prospective, or longitudinal.
studies reporting prevalence or incidence of non-specific shoulder pain in occupational groups stratified by age. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL from inception until January 2020. Study characteristics and prevalence estimates stratified by age were extracted. Two reviewers independently performed a critical analysis of the included studies to determine their validity and risk of bias.

Results
Twenty studies with a total of 40,487 participants and one study of a clinical data base were included and assigned a direction of the estimates for shoulder pain as either ‘increasing’, ‘remaining stable’ or ‘decreasing’ past the age of 50. Shoulder pain generally increased past 50, with 16 of the 21 included studies reporting higher estimates/odds ratios in older participants. In the more physically active occupations over 50, the estimates increased in 14 of the 18 samples compared to only two of the four involving sedentary occupations.

Conclusions
Shoulder pain prevalence remains common in workers beyond the age of 50. Prevalence continues to increase in physically demanding occupations. Clinicians should consider factors of occupation when managing shoulder pain.

Trial registration
PROSPERO (CRD42019137831).
Enhancer analysis of the Drosophila zinc finger transcription factor Earmuff by gene targeting
Authors: Hildebrandt Kirsten , Kübel Sabrina , Minet Marie , Fürst Nora , Klöppel Christine , Steinmetz Eva , Walldorf Uwe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Many transcription factors are involved in the formation of the brain during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. The transcription factor Earmuff (Erm), a member of the forebrain embryonic zinc finger family (Fezf), is one of these important factors for brain development. One major function of Earmuff is the regulation of proliferation within type II neuroblast lineages in the brain; here, Earmuff is expressed in intermediate neural progenitor cells (INPs) and balances neuronal differentiation versus stem cell maintenance. Erm expression during development is regulated by several enhancers.

Results
In this work we show a functional analysis of erm and some of its enhancers. We generated a new erm mutant allele by gene targeting and reintegrated Gal4 to make an erm enhancer trap strain that could also be used on an erm mutant background. The deletion of three of the previously analysed enhancers showing the most prominent expression patterns of erm by gene targeting resulted in specific temporal and spatial defects in defined brain structures. These defects were already known but here could be assigned to specific enhancer regions.

Conclusion
This analysis is to our knowledge the first systematic analysis of several large enhancer deletions of a Drosophila gene by gene targeting and will enable deeper analysis of erm enhancer functions in the future.
Clinical evaluation of pregnant women with SARS-COV2 pneumonia: a real-life study from Egypt
Authors: Zaky Samy , Hosny Hossam , Elassal Gehan , Asem Noha , Baki Amin Abdel , Kamal Ehab , Abdelbary Akram , Said Ahmad , Ibrahim Hamdy , Taema Khaled , Amin Wagdy , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Soliman Shaimaa , Abdelmenam Hend Salah , Mohamed Ahmed S. , Elnady Mohamed , Hassany Mohamed , Zaid Hala 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Knowledge about the outcome of COVID-19 on pregnant women is so important. The published literature on the outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 is confusing. The aim of this study was to report our clinical experience about the effect of COVID-19 on pregnant women and to determine whether it was associated with increased mortality or an increase in the need for mechanical ventilation in this special category of patients.

Methods
This was a cohort study from some isolation hospitals of the Ministry of Health and Population, in eleven governorates, Egypt. The clinical data from the first 64 pregnant women with COVID-19 whose care was managed at some of the Egyptian hospitals from 14 March to 14 June 2020 as well as 114 non-pregnant women with COVID-19 was reviewed.

Results
The two groups did not show any significant difference regarding the main outcomes of the disease. Two cases in each group needed mechanical ventilation (p 0.617). Three cases (4.7%) died among the pregnant women and two (1.8%) died among the non-pregnant women (p 0.352).

Conclusions
The main clinical outcomes of COVID-19 were not different between pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19. Based on our findings, pregnancy did not exacerbate the course or mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Unraveling differences in fecal microbiota stability in mammals: from high variable carnivores and consistently stable herbivores
Authors: Zoelzer Franziska , Burger Anna Lena , Dierkes Paul Wilhelm 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThrough the rapid development in DNA sequencing methods and tools, microbiome studies on a various number of species were performed during the last decade. This advance makes it possible to analyze hundreds of samples from different species at the same time in order to obtain a general overview of the microbiota. However, there is still uncertainty on the variability of the microbiota of different animal orders and on whether certain bacteria within a species are subject to greater fluctuations than others. This is largely due to the fact that the analysis in most extensive comparative studies is based on only a few samples per species or per study site. In our study, we aim to close this knowledge gap by analyzing multiple individual samples per species including two carnivore suborders Canoidea and Feloidea as well as the orders of herbivore Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla held in different zoos. To assess microbial diversity, 621 fecal samples from 31 species were characterized by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq.ResultsWe found significant differences in the consistency of microbiota composition and in fecal microbial diversity between carnivore and herbivore species. Whereas the microbiota of Carnivora is highly variable and inconsistent within and between species, Perissodactyla and Ruminantia show fewer differences across species boundaries. Furthermore, low-abundance bacterial families show higher fluctuations in the fecal microbiota than high-abundance ones.ConclusionsOur data suggest that microbial diversity is significantly higher in herbivores than in carnivores, whereas the microbiota in carnivores, unlike in herbivores, varies widely even within species. This high variability has methodological implications and underlines the need to analyze a minimum amount of about 10 samples per species. In our study, we found considerable differences in the occurrence of different bacterial families when looking at just three and six samples. However, from a sample number of 10 onwards, these within-species fluctuations balanced out in most cases and led to constant and more reliable results.
After 25 years of computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty, where do we stand today?
Authors: Shah Siddharth M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Limb and implant alignment along with soft tissue balance plays a vital role in the outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Computer navigation for TKA was first introduced in 1997 with the aim of implanting the prosthetic components with accuracy and precision. This review discusses the technique, current status, and scientific evidence pertaining to computer-navigated TKA.

Body
The adoption of navigated TKA has slowly but steadily increased across the globe since its inception 25 years ago. It has been more rapid in some countries like Australia than others, like the UK. Contemporary, large console-based navigation systems help control almost every aspect of TKA, including the depth and orientation of femoral and tibial resections, soft-tissue release, and customization of femoral and tibial implant positions in order to obtain desired alignment and balance. Navigated TKA results in better limb and implant alignment and reduces outliers as compared to conventional TKA. However, controversy still exists over whether improved alignment provides superior function and longevity. Surgeons may also be hesitant to adopt this technology due to the associated learning curve, slightly increased surgical time, fear of pin site complications, and the initial set-up cost. Furthermore, the recent advent of robotic-assisted TKA which provides benefits like precision in bone resections and avoiding soft-tissue damage due to uncontrolled sawing, in addition to those of computer navigation, might be responsible for the latter technology taking a backseat.

Conclusion
This review summarizes the current state of computer-navigated TKA. The superiority of computer navigation to conventional TKA in improving accuracy is well established. Robotic-assisted TKA provides enhanced functionality as compared to computer navigation but is significantly more expensive. Whether robotic-assisted TKA offers any substantive advantages over navigation is yet to be conclusively proven. Irrespective of the form, the use of computer-assisted TKA is on the rise worldwide and is here to stay.
Affective theory of the mind and suicide in women with borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia: a comparative study
Authors: Abdo Moustafa Mohamed Mohamed , Mohamed Ahmed Saad , Hammed Marwa Abd Elmeguid , Hashem Reem Elsayed , El Nagar Zeinab Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Theory of mind (ToM) is one of the essential components of social cognition. Affective ToM enables us to interpret other’s feelings and behaviors. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia are two distinct mental disorders, yet they have a mutual deficit in interpreting emotions, thoughts, and intentions which may lead to a higher incidence of suicidality. Studies that involved social cognition, particularly ToM in schizophrenia, or BPD have controversial results. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing affective ToM functioning in female patients with BPD, schizophrenia, and healthy controls. In addition, identifying the possible impact and any correlation exists between the affective ToM and liability for suicide in those patients. Sixty individuals were recruited from the Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and assigned into 3 groups where group A involved 20 BPD patients, group B involved 20 schizophrenic patients, and group C were healthy persons as a control. Assessment of affective ToM was done using Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and probability of suicide was measured using Suicide Probability Scale (SPS).

Results
Regarding ToM, the three groups were assessed using RMET and the results revealed a significantly higher mean score (hypermentalization) in BPD patients than both schizophrenic patients and controls. While schizophrenic patients had significantly lower mean scores than the control group (hypomentalization). As well, BPD patients had a significantly higher suicide probability total score than Schizophrenic patients and in all subdomains except for the hostility subdomain that was significantly higher in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, in BPD, the suicide probability total score was positively correlated with RMET.

Conclusions
BPD patients have enhanced affective ToM and hypermentalization that is significantly associated with increased suicide probability in those patients, while in schizophrenia, hypomentalization could not be linked to increased suicide probability. Rehabilitation and proper management of ToM abnormalities might be a crucial tool in suicide prevention in mental illnesses, particularly, BPD.
Evaluation of anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition property of Garcinia mangostana rind extract
Authors: Muralidharan Suganthi , Vellaichamy Adaikkalam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) helps solid tumors to lose their intercellular adhesive property and drives metastasis. As mangosteen fruit is known for many beneficial effects including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-tumorigenic properties and has been used widely in traditional medicine, we interrogated its possible anti-metastatic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Results
We found that aqueous mangosteen rind extract (MRE) inhibited growth of MCF-7 and altered the transcript levels of ERα, ERβ, and EGFR genes. Additionally, the MRE changed the expression of important markers of EMT, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, Snail, and MMP-9. Moreover, MRE inhibited migration of MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion
The results suggest that MRE suppresses growth and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 cells.
Hidden order behind the cooperation
Authors: Wei Junjie , Han Dun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cooperation is ubiquitous in human as well as animals societies, however, the study of the driving forces behind cooperation is still an open question. Thus, exploring the hidden order related to cooperation has become a hot issue recently. Fortunately, evolutionary game theory and network science provide some new research perspectives for the cooperative behavior. In this letter, we focus on the present study of cooperation mechanism, and further put forward some feasible research prospects from the perspective of evolutionary game by arranging and researching the thread of history. Specifically, we first summarize the cooperation research status from the aspects of network topology and individuals' strategy updating rules etc., and we then discuss the hidden order behind the emergence and maintenance of cooperation, the development trends are presented in the last.
Propaganda in the Guise of News
Authors: Bauer A. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the late 1940s, conservative radio commentator Fulton Lewis Jr. was embroiled in controversy after publicly criticizing consumer cooperatives for taking advantage of a federal tax loophole. Coinciding with the Federal Communications Commission’s reconsideration of its Mayflower doctrine—a ban on broadcast editorials—the dispute served as fodder for New Deal–era progressive media reformers. This article unpacks Lewis’s mostly forgotten role as an unwitting catalyst of progressive media regulations through reconsidering the FCC’s 1948 Mayflower hearings, which resulted in the fairness doctrine (1949–87). This doctrine mandated that broadcasters present controversial issues of public concern in an ideologically balanced manner. Lewis’s news-breaking thus became framed as a problem in need of federal regulatory solution by reformers who sought to sublimate radio into an idealized liberal public sphere. These reforms, however, framed political disagreement as an epistemological crisis and, in doing so, unintentionally bolstered a conservative critical disposition toward the mainstream press, exemplified in the “liberal media” trope.
An Interview with Dr. Andie Tucher, Columbia Journalism School
Authors: Fabian Steven 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Columbia School of Journalism professor Andie Tucher talks about her forthcoming book on the history of fake news in the United States. She explains how, despite the fact that fake news has a long history in America, earlier incarnations were far less harmful than our current “post-truth” era. She also defines and examines what she calls “fake journalism,” which uses the conventions of objective journalism but in deceptive ways to mislead people into accepting lies as truth.
Mitotic chromosome condensation requires phosphorylation of the centromeric protein KNL-2 in C. elegans
Authors: Wenda Joanna M. , Prosée Reinier F. , Gabus Caroline , Steiner Florian A. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Centromeres are chromosomal regions that serve as sites for kinetochore formation and microtubule attachment, processes that are essential for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Centromeres are almost universally defined by the histone variant CENP-A. In the holocentric nematode C. elegans, CENP-A deposition depends on the loading factor KNL-2. Depletion of either CENP-A or KNL-2 results in defects in centromere maintenance, chromosome condensation and kinetochore formation, leading to chromosome segregation failure. Here, we show that KNL-2 is phosphorylated by CDK-1 in vitro, and that mutation of three C-terminal phosphorylation sites causes chromosome segregation defects and an increase in embryonic lethality. In strains expressing phosphodeficient KNL-2, CENP-A and kinetochore proteins are properly localised, indicating that the role of KNL-2 in centromere maintenance is not affected. Instead, the mutant embryos exhibit reduced mitotic levels of condensin II on chromosomes and significant chromosome condensation impairment. Our findings separate the functions of KNL-2 in CENP-A loading and chromosome condensation, and demonstrate that KNL-2 phosphorylation regulates the cooperation between centromeric regions and the condensation machinery in C. elegans.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
A cytosolic reductase pathway is required for efficient N-glycosylation of an STT3B-dependent acceptor site
Authors: van Lith Marcel , Pringle Marie Anne , Fleming Bethany , Gaeta Giorgia , Im Jisu , Gilmore Reid , Bulleid Neil J. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
N-linked glycosylation of proteins entering the secretory pathway is an essential modification required for protein stability and function. Previously, it has been shown that there is a temporal relationship between protein folding and glycosylation, which influences the occupancy of specific glycosylation sites. Here, we used an in vitro translation system that reproduces the initial stages of secretory protein translocation, folding and glycosylation under defined redox conditions. We found that the efficiency of glycosylation of hemopexin was dependent upon a robust NADPH-dependent cytosolic reductive pathway, which could be mimicked by the addition of a membrane-impermeable reducing agent. We identified a hypoglycosylated acceptor site that is adjacent to a cysteine involved in a short-range disulfide. We show that efficient glycosylation at this site is influenced by the cytosolic reductive pathway acting on both STT3A- and STT3B-dependent glycosylation. Our results provide further insight into the important role of the endoplasmic reticulum redox conditions in glycosylation site occupancy and demonstrate a link between redox conditions in the cytosol and glycosylation efficiency.
Thermal absorber with epsilon-near-zero metamaterial based on 2D square spiral design
Authors: Abdel-Latif Ghada Yassin , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya S. S. A. 
Published: November 2021

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, design of a wavelength-selective solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) absorber based on a 2D square spiral grating is numerically proposed and analyzed. The suggested STPV absorber is made of tungsten (W) with a spacer of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). In particular, the AZO is epsilon-near-zero material where its dielectric permittivity can be engineered over a broad wavelength range in the near-infrared. The refractory AZO-W metamaterial exhibits marked radiative optical properties, which control the thermal absorption through an engineered dielectric response function. The geometrical parameters and optical properties of the proposed design are studied using the finite difference time domain method to maximize the absorption through the studied wavelength range. The physical mechanism beyond the geometrical effects is also investigated with the inductor and capacitor model. The 2D square spiral STPV absorber achieves the photon-to-heat conversion efficiency of 75.2% at 1000 K. It is also found that the absorption of the proposed STPV absorber is insensitive to the incident angles from normal incident to 60º for transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarizations. The absorption enhancement is due to the effective coupling among the magnetic polariton, surface plasmon polariton, and intrinsic losses of the tungsten metal.
Efficient, high-CRI white LEDs by combining traditional phosphors with cadmium-free InP/ZnSe red quantum dots
Authors: Karadza Bega , Van Avermaet Hannes , Mingabudinova Leila , Hens Zeger , Meuret Youri 
Published: November 2021

Quantum dots (QDs) offer an interesting alternative for traditional phosphors in on-chip light-emitting diode (LED) configurations. Earlier studies showed that the spectral efficiency of white LEDs with high color rendering index (CRI) values could be considerably improved by replacing red-emitting nitride phosphors with narrowband QDs. However, the red QDs in these studies were cadmium-based, which is a restricted element in the EU and certain other countries. The use of InP-based QDs, the most promising Cd-free alternative, is often presented as an inferior solution because of the broader linewidth of these QDs. However, while narrow emission lines are the key to display applications that require a large color gamut, the spectral efficiency penalty of this broader emission is limited for lighting applications. Here, we report efficient, high-CRI white LEDs with an on-chip color converter coating based on red InP/ZnSe QDs and traditional green/yellow powder phosphors. Using InP/ZnSe QDs with a quantum yield of nearly 80% and a full width at half-maximum of 45 nm, we demonstrate high spectral efficiency for white LEDs with very high CRI values. One of the best experimental results in terms of both luminous efficacy and color rendering performance is a white LED with an efficacy of 132 lm/W, and color rendering indices of

R
a

≈
90

,

R
9
≈
50

for CCT

≈

4000

K

. These experimental results are critically compared with theoretical benchmark values for white LEDs with on-chip downconversion from both phosphors and red Cd-based QDs. The various loss mechanisms in the investigated white LEDs are quantified with an accurate simulation model, and the main impediments to an even higher efficacy are identified as the blue LED wall-plug efficiency and light recycling in the LED package.