bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune tolerance induction in severe haemophilia A: A UKHCDO inhibitor and paediatric working party consensus update
Authors: Hart Daniel P. , Alamelu Jayanthi , Bhatnagar Neha , Biss Tina , Collins Peter W. , Hall Georgina , Hay Charles , Liesner Ri , Makris Michael , Mathias Mary , Motwani Jayashree , Palmer Ben , Payne Jeanette , Percy Charles , Richards Michael , Riddell Anne , Talks Kate , Tunstall Oliver , Chalmers Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn good risk patients (historic inhibitor peak < 200BU), the International Immune Tolerance Study demonstrated equal efficacy to induce tolerance between high (200iu/kg/day) and low dose (50iu/kg ×3 times/week) immune tolerance induction (ITI) regimens. However, the trial stopped early on account of the excessive bleed rate in the low dose ITI arm.MethodsUnited Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organization (UKHCDO) Paediatric and Inhibitor working parties considered available ITI data alongside the bi‐phenotypic antibody emicizumab (Hemlibra®) efficacy and safety data to develop a consensus guideline for the future UK ITI guideline.ResultsThis revision of UKHCDO ITI guidance incorporates the recommendation to use emicizumab as a prophylaxis haemostatic agent to reduce bleeding rates and to facilitate low dose and reduced frequency of FVIII CFC for ITI in the majority of children.ConclusionThis consensus protocol will facilitate future evaluation of ITI outcomes in the evolving landscape of haemophilia therapeutics and ITI strategies.
Experiences of self‐care during the COVID‐19 pandemic among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative study
Authors: Leese Jenny , Backman Catherine L. , Ma Jasmin K. , Koehn Cheryl , Hoens Alison M. , English Kelly , Davidson Eileen , McQuitty Shanon , Gavin James , Adams Jo , Therrien Stephanie , Li Linda C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on self‐care of individuals living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsGuided by a constructivist, qualitative design, we conducted one‐to‐one in‐depth telephone interviews between March and October 2020 with participants with RA purposively sampled for maximum variation in age, sex and education, who were participating in one of two ongoing randomized‐controlled trials. An inductive, reflexive thematic analysis approach was used.ResultsTwenty‐six participants (aged 27–73 years; 23 females) in British Columbia, Canada were interviewed. We identified three themes: (1) Adapting to maintain self‐care describes how participants took measures to continue self‐care activities while preventing virus transmissions. While spending more time at home, some participants reported improved self‐care. (2) Managing emotions describes resilience‐building strategies such as keeping perspective, positive reframing and avoiding negative thoughts. Participants described both letting go and maintaining a sense of control to accommodate difficulties and emotional responses. (3) Changing communication with health professionals outlined positive experiences of remote consultations with health professionals, particularly if good relationships had been established prepandemic.ConclusionThe insights gained may inform clinicians and researchers on ways to support the self‐care strategies of individuals with RA and other chronic illnesses during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. The findings reveal opportunities to further examine remote consultations to optimize patient engagement and care.Patient or Public ContributionThis project is jointly designed and conducted with patient partners in British Columbia, Canada. Patient partners across the United Kingdom also played in a key role in providing interpretations of themes during data analysis.
Rapid synthesis of YAG phosphor by facile mechanical method
Authors: Kondo Akira , Kozawa Takahiro , Ishikawa Toshihiro , Naito Makio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, synthesis of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG):Ce3+ phosphor powders for white light emitting diodes was investigated by mechanical method using the attrition‐type mill with no external heating and no flux in dry phase. High mechanical energy input to the starting powder mixture of Y2O3, Al2O3 and CeO2 achieved the synthesis of YAG:Ce3+ without any flux materials. X‐ray diffraction patterns of the processed powders after 5 min processing revealed the peaks of YAG were clearly identified. The maximum temperature of the mill chamber during the processing was 240℃. The YAG phosphor obtained by the mechanical method revealed the internal quantum yield of 65% in the case of the sample mechanically processed under a reducing atmosphere. The synthesized powder showed granule structure consisting of submicron size of YAG particles, which is better handling for the fabrication of light emitting diode devices.
Parenting stress, self‐efficacy and COVID‐19 health risks as predictors of general stress among nurses
Authors: Garcia Aileen S. , Carotta Christin L. , Brown Robin , Da Rosa Patricia , Pravecek Brandi , Carson Paula 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe purpose of the study was to examine the influence of parenting stress, self‐efficacy and COVID‐19 health risks on general stress among nurses in the Midwest, United States, during the pandemic.BackgroundAs frontline workers amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, nurses have been subject to stressors at home and at work.MethodThis quantitative, cross‐sectional study included 896 nurses with at least one child below 18 years of age. Using purposive sampling, participants answered an online survey composed of demographic questions, perception of COVID‐19 health risks, measures of self‐efficacy, general stress and parenting stress. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression were conducted. Data were collected from July 13 to August 13, 2020.ResultsThe four predictors, along with eight demographic covariates, accounted for 40% of the variance in general stress. Parenting stress and COVID‐19 health risks were positively related to general stress, while self‐efficacy was negatively associated with general stress.ConclusionsResults highlight the negative influence of parenting stress on nurses' general stress and the importance of self‐efficacy in reducing stress. Findings suggest that support services for nurses should focus not only on work‐related stressors but also consider parenting stressors, work‐home imbalances and self‐efficacy.
DC resistance degradation of SrTiO3: The role of virtual‐cathode needles and oxygen bubbles
Authors: Alvarez Ana , Chen I‐Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study of highly accelerated lifetime tests of SrTiO3, a model semiconducting oxide, is motivated by the interest in reliable multilayer ceramic capacitors and resistance‐switching thin‐film devices. Our analytical solution to oxygen‐vacancy migration under a DC voltage—the cause of resistance degradation in SrTiO3—agrees with previous numerical solutions. Yet all solutions fail to explain why degradation kinetics feature a very strong voltage dependence, which we attribute to the nucleation and growth of cathode‐initiated fast‐conducting needles. While they have no color contrast in SrTiO3 single crystals, hence nominally “invisible,” needle’s presence in DC‐degraded samples—in silicone oil and in air—was unambiguously revealed by in‐situ hot‐stage photography. Observations in silicone oil and thermodynamic and kinetic considerations further revealed that copious oxygen bubbling and general reduction mark the onset of final accelerating degradation toward failure. Conversely, if oxygen vacancies cannot be sufficiently depleted from the near‐anode region to render it sufficiently conductive, then final failure is postponed, which is often the case at lower temperatures and voltages when the lifetime tests are incomplete. Remarkably, both undoped and Fe‐doped SrTiO3 can emit electroluminescence at higher current densities, thus providing a vivid indicator of resistance degradation and a metal‐to‐insulator resistance transition during cooling. The implications of these findings to thin ceramic and thin‐film SrTiO3 devices are discussed, along with connections to similarly DC‐degraded fast‐ion yttria‐stabilized zirconia.
The effect of left atrial appendage closure on heart failure biomarkers: A PRAGUE‐17 trial subanalysis
Authors: Herman Dalibor , Osmancik Pavel , Neuzil Petr , Hala Pavel , Lekesova Veronika , Benesova Klara , Hozman Marek , Jarkovsky Jiri , Novackova Martina , Widimsky Petr , Reddy Vivek Y. ,   PRAGUE‐17 Trial Investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe randomized PRAGUE‐17 trial demonstrated noninferiority of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) to non‐vitamin K anticoagulants (NOACs) for the prevention of major cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. However, the left atrial appendage is an important source of natriuretic peptides and plays a role in left atrial reservoir function. Changes of heart failure (HF) biomarkers after LAAC compared to NOAC has not been studied. The aim of the study was to compare the changes in concentrations of HF biomarkers between LAAC and NOAC patients.MethodsOf 402 patients randomized in the PRAGUE‐17 trial, biomarkers were analyzed in 144 patients (73 in the NOAC and 71 in the LAAC group). Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. Serum concentration of NT‐proBNP, NT‐proANP, Galectin‐3, and GDF‐15 were measured at baseline (before the procedure in the LAAC group), at the 6‐month (and at 24‐month for NT‐proBNP) follow‐up timepoint.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline, 6 month, and delta (δ = baseline − 6 month) concentrations of NT‐proANP between the groups (NOAC: baseline 2.6 [0.5; 4.9], 6‐month 3.1 [1.8; 4.8], p = .068; LAAC: baseline 3.3 [1.1; 4.6], 6‐month 2.6 [0.9; 5.3], p = .51; p value for δ in concentrations between groups = 0.42). Similarly, there were no significant differences in baseline, 6, 24 months, and delta concentrations of NT‐proBNP between the groups (NOAC: baseline 461.0 [113.5; 1342.0], 6 month 440.0 [120.5; 1291.5], 24 month 798 [274; 2236], p = .39; LAAC: baseline 421.0 [100.0; 1320.0], 6 month 601.0 [145.0; 1230.0], 24 month 855 [410; 1367], p = .28; p value for δ in concentrations between groups = 0.73 at 6 months, and 0.58 at 24 months). Finally, no significant differences were present in baseline, 6 month, and δ concentrations of Galectin‐3 and GDF‐15 between the two groups.ConclusionLAAC did not significantly influence the levels of HF biomarkers 6 months after the procedure.
Incidence and risk factors of severe non‐proliferative/proliferative diabetic retinopathy: More than a decade follow up in the Tehran Lipids and Glucose Study
Authors: Sardarinia Mahsa , Asgari Samaneh , Hizomi Arani Reyhane , Eskandari Fatemeh , Azizi Fereidoun , Khalili Davood , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo examine the incidence rate of severe non‐proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (severe‐NPDR/PDR) and determine its potential risk factors.Materials and MethodsThe study consisted of 1,169 participants (675 women) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged ≥20 years. A trained interviewer collected information about the history of pan‐retinal photocoagulation as a result of diabetic retinopathy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied.ResultsWe found 187 cases (126 women) of severe‐NPDR/PDR during a median follow‐up period of 12.7 years; the corresponding incidence rate was 13.6 per 1,000 person‐years. Being overweight (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60, 0.39–0.92) and obese (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27–0.83) were associated with lower risk, whereas being smoker (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.12–2.74), having fasting plasma glucose levels 7.22–10.0 mmol/L (HR 2.81, 95% CI 1.70–4.62), fasting plasma glucose ≥10 mmol/L (HR 5.87, 95% CI 3.67–9.41), taking glucose‐lowering medications (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.87–3.56), prehypertension status (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.05–2.58) and newly diagnosed hypertension (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.06–3.65) increased the risk of severe‐NPDR/PDR. Among newly diagnosed diabetes patients, being male was associated with a 59% lower risk of severe‐NPDR/PDR (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.79). Furthermore, patients who had an intermediate level of education (6–12 years) had a higher risk of developing PDR (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.05–3.30) compared with those who had <6 years of education.ConclusionsAmong Iranians with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1.36% developed severe‐NPDR/PDR annually. Normal bodyweight, being a smoker, out of target fasting plasma glucose level, prehypertension and newly diagnosed hypertension status were independent risk factors of severe‐NPDR/PDR. Regarding the sight‐threatening entity of advanced diabetic retinopathy, the multicomponent strategy to control diabetes, abstinence of smoking and tight control of blood pressure should be considered.
Secular trend of treatment uptake in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A territory‐wide study of 135 395 patients from 2000 to 2017
Authors: Lai Jimmy C‐T , Wong Vincent W‐S , Yip Terry C‐F , Hui Vicki W‐K , Tse Yee‐Kit , Lee Hye‐Won , Liang Lilian Y , Lui Grace C‐Y , Chan Henry L‐Y , Wong Grace L‐H 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe uptake of antiviral treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has been suboptimal. We aimed to determine the secular trend of treatment uptake in the territory‐wide CHB cohort in Hong Kong from 2000 to 2017 and the factors for no treatment despite fulfilling treatment criteria.MethodsChronic hepatitis B patients under public clinics and hospitals were identified through electronic medical records. The treatment indications were defined according to the Asian‐Pacific guidelines published at the time of patients' first appearance in four periods: 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2013, and 2014–2017.ResultsThere were 135 395 CHB patients were included; 1493/12472 (12.0%), 7416/43426 (17.1%), 10 129/46559 (21.8%), 8051/32 938 (24.4%) patients fulfilled treatment criteria in the four periods, respectively. The treatment uptake rate increased with time: 35.1%, 43.4%, 60.2%, and 68.6% respectively.High fibrosis indices (APRI, FIB‐4, and Forns indices) appeared to be the main factors for treatment indication in non‐cirrhotic patients, with over 90% fulfilling treatment criteria due to high fibrosis indices alone. Of those fulfilling treatment criteria by high fibrosis indices, less than 60% of patients (25.2%, 36.1%, 46.0%, and 58.9%, respectively) had antiviral treatment initiated. Normal platelet count (odds ratio 0.42, P < 0.001) was the independent factor associated with not initiating antiviral treatment in patients fulfilling treatment criteria.ConclusionsTreatment uptake rates have been increasing over time. Normal platelet count, which reflects less advanced liver disease, precludes patients from receiving antiviral treatment even if treatment indication is fulfilled. Hence, the importance to identify non‐cirrhotic patients with significant liver fibrosis should be emphasized.
Genetic diversity in a long‐lived mammal is explained by the past’s demographic shadow and current connectivity
Authors: Lehnen Lisa , Jan Pierre‐Loup , Besnard Anne‐Laure , Fourcy Damien , Kerth Gerald , Biedermann Martin , Nyssen Pierrette , Schorcht Wigbert , Petit Eric J. , Puechmaille Sebastien J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWithin‐species genetic diversity is crucial for the persistence and integrity of populations and ecosystems. Conservation actions require an understanding of factors influencing genetic diversity, especially in the context of global change. Both population size and connectivity are factors greatly influencing genetic diversity; the relative importance of these factors can, however, change through time. Hence, quantifying the degree to which population size or genetic connectivity are shaping genetic diversity, and at which ecological time scale (past or present), is challenging, yet essential for the development of efficient conservation strategies. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity of 42 colonies of Rhinolophus hipposideros, a long‐lived mammal vulnerable to global change, sampling locations spanning its continental northern range. Here, we present an integrative approach that disentangles and quantifies the contribution of different connectivity measures in addition to contemporary colony size and historic bottlenecks in shaping genetic diversity. In our study, the best model explained 64% of the variation in genetic diversity. It included historic bottlenecks, contemporary colony size, connectivity and a negative interaction between the latter two. Contemporary connectivity explained most genetic diversity when considering a 65 km radius around the focal colonies, emphasizing the large geographic scale at which the positive impact of connectivity on genetic diversity is most profound and hence, the minimum scale at which conservation should be planned. Our results highlight that the relative importance of the two main factors shaping genetic diversity varies through time, emphasizing the relevance of disentangling them to ensure appropriate conservation strategies.
Paradoxical psoriasis in pediatric patients: A systematic review
Authors: Cyrenne Benoit M. , Parpia Alyssa S. , Sibbald Cathryn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundParadoxical psoriasis occurs in pediatric patients following treatment with biologic agents. These presentations are not well described, and optimal treatment strategies have not been established.ObjectiveTo describe the reported rates, demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment options for TNF‐α inhibitor–induced psoriasis.MethodsSystematic review of published cases and cohort studies of paradoxical psoriasis induced by biologic agents, with specific reference to TNF‐α inhibitors.ResultsWe identified 4564 pediatric patients treated with TNF‐α inhibitors, of whom 210 (4.6%) developed paradoxical psoriasis. Infliximab was the drug most likely to induce psoriasis (8.3%), followed by adalimumab (3.3%). Individual‐level data were acquired from 129 individuals with a mean age of 13.6 years (SD: 4.0); 45.0% were male. The scalp was the most commonly affected area (47.5%), followed by the ears (30.8%). Most (63.3%) patients were continued on TNF‐α inhibitor therapy. Among those who switched TNF‐α inhibitors, only 32.0% had complete clearance of their skin lesions. Among patients who were switched to a non‐TNF‐α inhibitor, 81% had complete clearance of their paradoxical psoriasis.LimitationsData were acquired from retrospective studies including case reports and case series.ConclusionTNF‐α inhibitor–induced psoriasis is a common adverse effect; however, most patients can continue their original therapy and be managed with skin‐directed topical or systemic medications. If a patient requires medication discontinuation, switching to a new TNF‐α inhibitor is unlikely to lead to resolution of their skin lesions.
Apical‐root apoplastic acidification affects cell wall extensibility in wheat under salinity stress
Authors: Shao Yang , Feng Xiaohui , Nakahara Hiroki , Irshad Muhammad , Eneji A. Egrinya , Zheng Yuanrun , Fujimaki Haruyuki , An Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant salt tolerance is associated with a high rate of root growth. Although root growth is governed by cell wall and apoplastic pH, the relationship between these factors in the root elongation zone under salinity stress remains unclear. Herein, we assess apoplastic pH, pH‐ and expansin‐dependent cell wall extensibility, and expansin expression in the root elongation zone of salt‐sensitive (Yongliang‐15) and ‐tolerant (JS‐7) cultivars under salinity stress. A six‐day 80 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced apical root apoplastic pH in both cultivars. Using a pH‐dependent cell wall extensibility experiment, we found that, under 0 mM NaCl treatment, the optimal pH for cell wall loosening was 6.0 in the salinity‐tolerant cultivar and 4.6 in the salinity‐sensitive cultivar. Under 80 mM treatment, a pH of 5.0 mitigated the cell wall stiffness caused by salinity stress in the salinity‐tolerant cultivar but promoted cell wall stiffening in the salinity‐sensitive cultivar. Salinity stress altered expansin expression and differentially affecting cell wall extensibility under pH 5.0 and 6.0. TaEXPA8 might be relative to cell wall loosening at pH 5.0, whereas TaEXPA5 relative to cell wall loosening at pH 6.0. These results elucidate the relationship between expansins and cell wall extensibility in the root elongation zone, with important implications for enhancing plant growth under salinity stress.
Extracellular vesicles of bovine small follicular fluid promote ovarian cortical stromal cell proliferation and steroidogenesis
Authors: Ying Wang , Hengqin Wang , Xiaomei Wang , Yunqi Zhao , Yong Zhang , Fusheng Quan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of bovine ovarian cortical stromal cells in vitro. The release and uptake of EVs are the new mechanisms of cell‐to‐cell communication. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, TUNEL and other experiments, we found that EVs in bovine follicular fluid can promote the proliferation and synthesis of androstenedione and progesterone in ovarian cortical stromal cells. Moreover, 100 μg/ml EVs caused the most significant effect. We conclude that EVs at 100 μg/ml can significantly promote the proliferation and synthesis of androstenedione and progesterone in ovarian cortical stromal cells. This research is of great significance for further elucidating the regulatory role of follicular fluid EVs in follicular development and atresia and for research on the interaction of ovarian stromal cells, granulosa cells and oocytes.
Using GIS to Understand the Influence of Hurricane Harvey on Spatial Access to Primary Care
Authors: Kar Armita , Wan Neng , Cova Thomas J. , Wang Hongmei , Lizotte Steven L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHurricanes can have a significant impact on the functioning and capacity of healthcare systems. However, little work has been done to understand the extent to which hurricanes influence local residents’ spatial access to healthcare. Our study evaluates the change in spatial access to primary care physicians (PCPs) between 2016 and 2018 (i.e., before and after Hurricane Harvey) in Harris County, Texas. We used an enhanced 2‐step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method to measure spatial access to PCPs at the census tract level. The results show that, despite an increased supply of PCPs across the county, most census tracts, especially those in the northern and eastern fringe areas, experienced decreased access during this period as measured by the spatial access ratio (SPAR). We explain this decline in SPAR by the shift in the spatial distribution of PCPs to the central areas of Harris County from the fringe areas after Harvey. We also examined the socio‐demographic impact in the SPAR change and found little variation in change among different socio‐demographic groups. Therefore, public health professionals and disaster managers may use our spatial access measure to highlight the geographic disparities in healthcare systems. In addition, we recommend considering other social and institutional dimensions of access, such as users’ needs, preferences, resource capacity, mobility options, and quality of healthcare services, in building a resilient and inclusive post‐hurricane healthcare system.