bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geothermal resource exploration by using Numerical simulation and comprehensive geophysical method
Authors: Yang Yang , Xiong Bin , Peng Sanxi , Iqbal Ibrar , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Geothermal energy is an important renewable clean energy resource with high development and usage potential. Geothermal resources, on the other hand, are buried deep below, and mining hazards are significant. Geophysical investigation is frequently required to determine the depth and location of geothermal resources. The Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) and the Controlled Source Audio Frequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) have the highest detection efficiency and accuracy of all electromagnetic exploration methods. This article initially explains the algorithm theory of the finite difference technique before establishing a simplified geothermal system resistivity model. Established on the simplified resistivity model, a simulation analysis of the ability of CSAMT and TEM to distinguish target body faults at different resistivities and dip angles was performed, and the effectiveness and difference of the two methods in detecting typical geothermal resource targets was verified. A complete exploratory research of CSAMT and TEM was conducted in Huairen County, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, China, based on theoretical analysis. Both approaches can reflect the geoelectric structure of the survey region, demonstrating the efficacy of the two methods in detecting genuine geothermal resources.
Continuous Facial Nerve Stimulation During Cochlear Implantation – An Electrophysiological Technique to Control the Intracochlear Electrode Contact Position
Authors: Herrmann David , Müller-Graff Franz-Tassilo , Kaulitz Stefan , Cebulla Mario , Kurz Anja , Hagen Rudolf , Neun Tilmann , Rak Kristen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This proof of concept describes the use of evoked electromyographic (EMG) activation of the facial nerve for intraoperative monitoring of the electrode insertion during cochlear implantation (CI).Methods: Intraoperative EMG measurements from the facial nerve were conducted in nine patients undergoing CI implantation. Electric pulses were emitted from contacts on the CI array during and immediately after electrode insertion. For control, the results of EMG measurements were compared to postoperative flat panel volume computed tomography scans with secondary reconstruction (fpVCTSECO).Results: During insertion, the EMG response evoked by the electrical stimulation from the CI was growing with the stimulating contact approaching the facial nerve and declined with increasing distance. After full insertion, contacts on the apical half of the CI array stimulated higher EMG responses compared with those on the basal half. Comparison with postoperative imaging demonstrated that electrode contacts stimulating high EMG responses had the shortest distances to the facial nerve. Conclusion: It could be demonstrated that electrically evoked EMG activation of the facial nerve can be used to monitor the progress during CI electrode insertion and to control the intracochlear electrode position after full insertion.
Copula method of the kinematic accuracy of cylindrical roller bearing
Authors: li lihong , xue yujun , LI jishun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The kinematic accuracy of cylindrical rollers bearing isn’t only influenced by the dimensional and form precision of its parts, but also more influenced by the cooperation among them. For cylindrical rollers bearing, the main indices of the kinematic accuracy are the ending beat and the radial run out of bearings. There must be dependent relationship between the cooperative action among the parts of bearings and the ending beat or the radial run out of bearings. This relationship is hardly expressed by mathematical formula. However, because the parts dimension deviation and the run out of bearings follow statistic law and have their distribution characteristics, while the copula joint distribution function can connect the run out of bearings with multiple parts dimension accuracy, the copula function is introduced to analyze the dependent relationship between bearing parts cooperative action and its kinematic accuracy. Based on the copula function of statistic theory, the kinematic accuracy of bearings can be forecast by parts geometric accuracy.
Is Age-adjusted Sagittal Parameter Important for Patients Receiving Short Anterior and Oblique Anterolateral Lumbar Surgery? A Single Center Retrospective Review
Authors: Tung Kuan-Kai , Wu Yun-Che , Chen Kun-Hui , Pan Chien-Chou , Lu Wen-Xian , Chin Ning-Chien , Shih Cheng-Min , Hsu Fang-Wei , Lee Cheng-Hung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested the sagittal profiles: SVA, PT, and PI-LL may be age dependent. However, the clinical applications of the age-adjusted parameters remain inconclusive. This study aims to investigate whether age-adjusted sagittal parameter is important for patients receiving short anterolateral lumbar surgery since the recently increased adoption of this surgery.MethodsPatients receiving ALIF and OLIF were prospectively collected. The severity of symptoms was measured via the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) score. After the operation, patients were divided into either the “Sufficient group” or “Under group” in accordance with whether they achieved the three age-adjusted parameters. Postoperative clinical outcomes were measured and compared to the pre-OP baselines between the groups at one-year follow-up. Additionally, patients were stratified through the severity cut-off value of each HRQOL score prior to surgery for subgroup analysis.ResultsAll age-adjusted parameters and HRQOLs showed significant improvement after receiving ALIF or OLIF. The sufficient correction rate was 78%, 74%, and 70% in age-adjusted SVA, PT, and PI-LL, respectively. EQ-5D and ODI demonstrated significant improvements at one-year follow-up upon all patients. Sufficient correction of age-adjusted SVA, PT, and PI-LL revealed better performance in EQ-5D, ODI, and VAS of pain amongst patients with worse pre-OP disability. However, no difference in HRQOLs was observed despite SVA, PT, and PI-LL being sufficiently corrected among the patients with moderate disability. ALIF offered better improvement in EQ-5D compared to OLIF. ConclusionsBoth ALIF and OLIF can achieve satisfactory clinical results when targeting age-adjusted thresholds. Patients with a worse disability status prior to surgery require sufficient rigorous correction in accordance with age-adjusted targets to achieve better HRQOL.
Inverted Human Umbilical Artery as a 3D Scaffold for Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rats.
Authors: Lecoq Flore-Anne , Barnouin Laurence , Ludovic Ardouin , Hartmann Daniel , Laurent Obert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) remains a challenge. Interposing a graft delivers better regenerative outcomes. Autografts present major drawbacks which have given rise to the development of alternatives such as artificial scaffolds, some of which are very promising. This study was designed to investigate the potential use of an inverted human umbilical cord artery (iHUA) as a 3D scaffold nerve chamber, for nerve regeneration after transection of the sciatic nerve (SN) in rats.Methods: Rats underwent surgical SN transection in their right hindlimb, followed by suture of the device at the resected stumps. Local tolerance, insert biodegradability and nerve reconstruction over time were thoroughly studied by histopathological and morphometric analysis, completed by functional test assessment of sensitivity and motricity recovery.Results: We have demonstrated that nerve reconstruction in the presence of an iHUA insert is effective. The device is well tolerated and highly biodegraded. Although the regenerated nerve is still immature at the end of our study, signs of sensitivity and partial functional recovery were witnessed, confirming our histological findings. Conclusions: Our results support the potential clinical use of iHUA as a 3D scaffold to bridge nerve discontinuity and guide axonal regrowth in selected cases of PNIs.
Preventing surgical site infection after Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty: Preliminary results about local versus IV antibiotics prophylaxis from a low-income country university hospital.
Authors: Charlorin Patrick , CADET Paul Reginald 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preventing Surgical site infection (SSI) after Liechtenstein hernioplasty is an important step in the management of inguinal hernia. In this study, we present the preliminary result about the use of IV ceftriaxone prophylaxis vs the local mesh-soaked gentamicin prophylaxis for the prevention of SSI after Liechtenstein hernioplasty.METHOD: We conducted a randomized controlled study in 2014, at the state university hospital. We evaluated the occurrence of SSI on 44 patients with an inguinal hernia who underwent an elective Liechtenstein repair using a polypropylene mesh. 13 patients received IV ceftriaxone prophylaxis. The remaining 31 received local mesh-soaked gentamicin prophylaxis. The patients were followed for infection and other complications by an independent surgeon on days 3, 10, and 30.RESULTS: The mean age of our patients was 48y for the IV prophylaxis group and 44y for the local prophylaxis group. 9 were located on the right side in the IV prophylaxis group while 32 were located on the right side for the local prophylaxis group. 30,6% of our patients had associated conditions in the IV prophylaxis group vs 13% in the local prophylaxis group. We found no SSI at the time of the study for either the IV or local prophylaxis group. One case of inguinal pain was observed in the local prophylaxis group.CONCLUSION: This study indicates that local mesh-soaked gentamicin prophylaxis is as effective as IV ceftriaxone prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infection after Liechtenstein hernioplasty. But further evidence needs to be established.
Apparent Absence of Avian Malaria and Malaria-Like Parasites in Northern Blue-Footed Boobies Breeding On Isla Isabel
Authors: Roldán-Zurabián Federico , Ruiz-López María José , Puente Josué Martínez de la , Figuerola Jordi , Drummond Hugh , Ancona Sergio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Haemosporidian parasites are common in birds, but often are not in seabirds. The absence of vectors/genetic resistance to infection have been proposed to explain this pattern. Examination of different host populations is required to confirm the absence of blood parasites in widespread host species, which could be differently exposed to blood parasites across their geographic range. Moreover, screening of blood parasites in many seabirds has been done only by visual inspection of blood smears, which can miss low-intensity infections. Screening of blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon, combining inspection of blood smears and PCR-based detection methods, revealed that a highly philopatric colony of blue-footed boobies (Sula nebouxii) in the Tropical North Pacific is likely free of these parasites. Earlier detection of Haemoproteus parasites in frigatebirds cohabiting with boobies in our study site and blue-footed boobies breeding on the Galapagos Islands suggests that absence of blood parasites in this northern booby colony could not be attributable to the absence of vectors or genetic resistance to infection. High host specificity or fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of insect vectors could explain our negative results, but these hypotheses remain to be tested. We emphasize the relevance of assessing the occurrence of blood parasites in different populations of widespread host species, such as blue-footed boobies.
Sensing Global Changes in the Local Patterns of Energy Consumption in Cities During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rowe Francisco , Robinson Caitlin , Patias Nikos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
COVID-19, and the wider social and economic impacts that a global pandemic entails, have led to unprecedented reductions in energy consumption globally. Whilst estimates of changes in energy consumption have emerged at the national scale, detailed sub-regional estimates to allow for global comparisons are less developed. Using night-time light satellite imagery from December 2019-June 2020 across 50 of the world’s largest urban conurbations, we provide high resolution estimates (450m2) of spatio-temporal changes in urban energy consumption in response to COVID-19. Contextualising this imagery with modelling based on indicators of mobility, stringency of government response, and COVID-19 rates, we provide novel insights into the potential drivers of changes in urban energy consumption during a global pandemic. Our results highlight the diversity of changes in energy consumption between and within cities in response to COVID-19, somewhat refuting dominant narratives of a shift in energy demand away from dense urban areas. Further modelling highlights how the stringency of the government’s response to COVID-19 is likely a defining factor in shaping resultant reductions in urban energy consumption.
The traditional medicinal use of some animals and their products in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wendimu Abenezer , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: From the beginning of recorded history, flora and fauna have played a crucial part in human existence for a therapeutic purpose to heal different diseases and are still being used in Ethiopia. Ethnozoological studies are necessary so as to get new medications for human and livestock health ailments. There is a sense of urgency in gathering such information. This is the first ethnozoological survey to do statistical calculations on animal-based treatments. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to identify, analyze and record traditional knowledge on the use of animals by the indigenous people living on Diguna Fango district, Wolaita, Ethiopia, and to document the traditional names, preparation, and uses of these animals for therapeutic purpose. Materials and methods: A field survey was carried out from March 2021 to June 2021 by personal interviews through semi-structured questionnaires and open group discussions. Two hundred male and female informants gave information concerning the therapeutic uses of various animal parts/products. Results: For the treatment of 159 identified different ailments, thirty-nine animal parts/products were utilized. Mammals were the topmost use report, followed by arthropods and avian species. Conclusions: The outcomes showed that there’s the highest ethnozoological knowledge to be recognized which could be of use in emerging innovative drugs. As a result, it is predicted that the information contained in the study will be utilized in the region's forthcoming ethnozoological, ethnopharmacological, and conservation-related research.
Emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variant under investigation in Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALGHORIBI Majed F. , ALSWAJI Abdulrahman , OKDAH Liliane , ALHAYLI Sadeem , ALI Zinab BU , ALZAYER Maha A. , ALARFAJ Reem E. , BAWAZEER Reema , ALAHMADI Mashael , ALGHAMDI Sara , ALHASSINAH Sarah , El-SAED Aiman , FARAHA Fayssal M. , ALSHAMRANI Majid M. , JOHANI Sameera M. AL , DOUMITH Michel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Genomic surveillance helps public health tracking the path of a pandemic, understand its transmission route, and how quickly the virus is spreading and adapting through mutation and recombination. In late 2020, the Infectious Diseases Research Department (IDRD) at King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) initiated a surveillance program focused on monitoring the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 variants by sequencing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 20 to 32% of all community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 positive cases identified from November 2020 to February 2021 at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh. Sequence analysis detected among sequenced isolates a SARS-CoV-2 variant harboring an N501T substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). COVID-19 cases linked to this new variant under investigation, first detected in isolates from November, grew exponentially in 2021 to account alone for more than 62 % (142/228) of all SARS-CoV-2 positive cases studied in February, thus suggesting that this variant might have increased transmissibility. Genome sequencing showed that this variant has evolved from the pangolin lineage B.1.1 and diverged from the original strain of Wuhan in China by ten amino acid changes located in ORF1a (P3359L and Q3729K), ORF1b (P314L), spike (S) protein (F157S, N501T, D614G), ORF6 (F2S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein (I84V, R203K and G204R). Isolates belonging to the new variant were further split into two sub-groups based on additional changes in the spike. Of these, one sub-group carried the Y144*, G257S, T859N and A899S variations combined, while one carried the H49Y variation alone. Patients infected with this new variant did not show any increase in the severity of infections. The rapid rise of the new variant among community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 cases suggests a national spread, although this needs to be further assessed carefully.
Altered Gene Expression in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Response to the Infection of Influenza H1N1 Virus
Authors: Higazy Doaa , Lin Xianwu , Xie Tanghui , Wang Ke , Gao Xiaochen , Cui Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Influenza viruses are not only causing respiratory illness, but also neurological manifestations were reported following acute viral infection. The Central nervous system (CNS) has a specific defence mechanism against pathogens structured by cerebral microvasculature lined with brain endothelial cells to form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To investigate the response of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) to the influenza A virus, we inoculated the cells with the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. We then conducted an RNAseq experiment to determine the changes in gene expression levels and the activated disease pathways following infection. The analysis revealed an effective activation of the innate immune defence by inducing the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Along with the production of proinflammatory cytokines, we detected an upregulation of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes, such as IFN-β/λ, ISG15, CXCL11, CXCL3, and IL-6, etc. Moreover, infected hBMECs exhibited a disruption in the cytoskeletal structure both on the transcriptomic and cellular levels. We also noted that pathways of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases were noticeably induced together with a predicted activation of the neuroglia. Likewise, a number of genes linked with the mitochondrial structure and function display a significant differential expression. En masse, this data supports that hBMECs could be infected by the influenza A virus, which induces the innate and inflammatory immune response. The results suggest that the influenza virus infection could potentially induce a subsequent aggravation of neurological disorders.
Lipid-based Nanocarriers Loaded with Taxanes for the Management of
Breast Cancer: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Chaurawal Nishtha , Misra Charu , Raza Kaisar 
Published: August 2021

:
Breast cancer is the leading cause of deaths worldwide among women. Taxanes (most
propitious class of diterpenes) have shown dynamic potentials in the treatment of early and metastatic
breast cancer. However, challenges like poor bioavailability, low tissue-permeability, compromised
aqueous solubility, and dose-dependent side-effects limit the clinical applications of these
drugs. Henceforth, to overcome these challenges, various nanotechnology-based drug delivery
systems are being explored for the delivery of taxanes in the management of breast cancer. One
such promising nanocarrier category is lipid-based nanocarriers, which employ the meritorious features
of a variety of lipids, both of natural and synthetic origin. It is also known that lipid uptake
plays a significant role in breast cancer cells proliferation and tumor genesis. However, lipid-based
nanocarriers could be a great choice to nanoencapsulate the poorly soluble and permeable taxanes
for breast cancer management. These systems have an immense promise of bioavailability enhancement,
spatial and temporal taxane delivery, improved efficacy, reduced dosing frequency, and even
mild inhibition of the P-gp efflux mechanism. Apart from these promises, these carriers are not yet
available for the benefit of the end-user. The present review will not only discuss the merits,
progress, and promises of these systems but also ponder upon the various challenges faced by these
carriers to reach the clinics for the benefit of the patients afflicted with breast cancer.
Epigenetic Basis of Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Panariello Fabio , Fanelli Giuseppe , Fabbri Chiara , Atti Anna Rita , De Ronchi Diana , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Psychiatric disorders are complex, multifactorial illnesses with a demonstrated
biological component in their etiopathogenesis. Epigenetic modifications, through the modulation
of DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA interference, tune tissue-specific gene
expression patterns and play a relevant role in the etiology of psychiatric illnesses.

Objective:
This review aims to discuss the epigenetic mechanisms involved in psychiatric disorders,
their modulation by environmental factors and their interactions with genetic variants, in order
to provide a comprehensive picture of their mutual crosstalk.

Methods:
In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE,
PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were conducted.

Results:
Exposure to environmental factors, such as poor socio-economic status, obstetric complications,
migration, and early life stressors, may lead to stable changes in gene expression and neural
circuit function, playing a role in the risk of psychiatric diseases. The most replicated genes involved
by studies using different techniques are discussed. Increasing evidence indicates that these
sustained abnormalities are maintained by epigenetic modifications in specific brain regions and
they interact with genetic variants in determining the risk of psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion:
An increasing amount of evidence suggests that epigenetics plays a pivotal role in the
etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. New therapeutic approaches may work by reversing detrimental
epigenetic changes that occurred during the lifespan.