bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics Comparison Between Ovine and Bovine Serum at Mid-lactation
Authors: Su Xiaohu , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Liguo , Bai Urhan , Su Guanghua , Wu Yunxi , Li Guangpeng , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ovine milk owns higher lactoprotein, fat and other solids than bovine milk. However, the mechanism was not fully clear. To discover the specific mechanism, an untargeted metabolomics analyze of serum at mid-lactation by liquid chromagraphy-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed. Then multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to find the specific differences. Final the different abundant metabolites were functionally enrichment by KEGG. In total, 1615 metabolites were detected in serum and 486 were annotated. The the largest metabolic category was lipids and lipid-like molecules (188 metabolites). 412 metabolites were identified as differential metabolites between two groups. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that 18 and 10 functional pathways of differential metabolites were enriched at positive and negative ion mode, separately. Notably, hernandezine, which is a novel AMPK activator, may play a role in the formation of lactoprotein of ovine milk. The results indicated that there may be different biological effects between two species serum. The serum metabolites could make help for the formation of milk.
Identification of the conserved domains of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) protein in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and its two wild relatives
Authors: Nie Hualin , Kim Sujung , Kim Hohyun , Kim Ji-Seong , Kim Sun-Hyung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The conserved domains are defined as recurring units in molecular evolution, which are commonly used to interpret the molecular function and biochemical structure of proteins. The AGPase amino acid sequences of three species from the Ipomoea genus were identified to investigate their physicochemical and biochemical characteristics. The molecular weights (MW), isoelectric point (pI), instability index (II), and grand average of hydropathy (GRAVY) showed considerable differences in each plant. The aliphatic index (AI) values of sweetpotato AGPase proteins were higher in the small subunit than in the large subunit. The AGPase proteins from sweetpotato contain an LbH_G1P_AT_C domain in the C-terminal region and various domains (NTP_transferase, ADP_Glucose_PP, or Glyco_tranf_GTA) in the N-terminal region. On the other hand, most of its two relatives (I. trifida and I. triloba) only contain the NTP_transferase domain in the N-terminal region. These findings suggested that these conserved domains were species specificity and related to the subunit types of AGPase proteins. The study may enable research on the AGPase-related specific characteristics of sweetpotatoes, which do not exist in the other two species, such as starch metabolism and tuberization mechanism.
Kicking The Barking Dog Effect: Effects of Anger and Trigger Identity on Triggered Displaced Aggression
Authors: Liu Shen , Hong Xinwei , Zhu Zhuan , Song Minghua , Liu Feng , Guo Zhibin , Gan Yetong , Zhang Lin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Based on “kicking the barking dog” effect, this study investigated the mechanism of triggered displaced aggression from the perspectives of individuals and groups. The results revealed that (1) when the provocation and triggering situation appeared simultaneously, individuals showed a stronger hostile attribution and aggression toward the trigger; (2) The hostile attribution played a complete mediating role in the influence of anger on the triggered displaced aggression, and the triggering situation played a moderating role. In case of triggering situations, individuals showed stronger hostile attribution with an increase in anger. When there was no triggering situation, the change in anger had no significant effect; (3) Trigger identity played a moderating role in the path of “anger → hostile attribution → triggered displaced aggression” in the triggering situation. Compared with the in-group of the trigger, individuals made stronger judgments of hostile attribution to the out-group of the trigger, when in a state of anger, and subsequently activated the triggered displaced aggression. However, for the out-group of trigger, there was no significant effect. This study expands the scope of application of kicking the barking dog effect and provides suggestions for controlling the escalation of intergroup conflicts.
Inhibition of c-Fos expression attenuates IgE-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation by counteracting an inhibitory AP1/Egr1/IL-4 axis
Authors: Wang Hui-Na , Ji Kunmei , Zhang Li-Na , Xie Chu-Chu , Li Wei-Yong , Zhao Zhen-Fu , Chen Jia-Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Activator protein-1 (AP1), a c-Fos–JUN transcription factor complex, mediates many cytobiological processes. c-Fos has been implicated in immunoglobulin (Ig)E activation of mast cells (MCs) via high-affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRI) binding. This study examined c-Fos involvement in MC activation and tested the effects of the c-Fos/AP1 inhibitor T-5224 on MCs activation and allergic responses. Methods: In vitro studies were conducted with two MC model systems: rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBLs) and mouse bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs). MC degranulation and effector functions were examined with β-hexosaminidase release and cytokine secretion assays. c-Fos/AP1 was inhibited with T-5224. c-Fos activity was suppressed with short hairpin RNA targeting c-Fos (shFos). In vivo immune responses were evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) models, as well as in an oxazolone (OXA)-induced model of atopic dermatitis, a common allergic disease. Results: c-Fos expression was elevated transcriptionally and translationally in IgE-stimulated MCs. c-Fos binding of the Egr1 (early growth response 1) promoter upregulated Egr1 transcription, leading to production of interleukin (IL)4. T-5224 reduced FcεRI-mediated MC degranulation (evidenced by β-hexosaminidase activity and histamine levels) and diminished EGR1 and IL4 expression. T-5224 attenuated IgE-mediated allergic responses in PCA and ASA models, and it suppressed MC-mediated atopic dermatitis in mice.Conclusion: IgE binding can activate MCs via a c-Fos/Egr1/IL-4 axis. T-5224 suppresses MC activation in vitro and in vivo and thus represents a promising potential strategy for targeting MC activation to treat allergic diseases.
Unlocking fiscal space of expanding the health workforce in district health systems in Uganda in the context of PEPFAR transition &nbsp;
Authors: Zakumumpa Henry , Rujumba Joseph , Woldekidan Amde , Shumbusho Respicius Damian , Ssengooba Freddie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although expanding fiscal space for health worker recruitments could reduce workforce shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa, effective strategies for achieving this are still unclear. We aimed to understand the process of transitioning health workers (HWs) from PEPFAR to Government of Uganda (GoU) payrolls and to explore the facilitators and barriers encountered in increasing domestic financial responsibility for absorbing this transitioned workforce. We conducted a multiple case-study of 10 (out of 87) districts in Uganda which received PEPFAR support between 2013 and 2015 to expand their health workforce. We purposively selected eight districts with the highest absorption rates (‘High absorbers’) and two with the lowest absorption rates (‘Low absorbers’). A total of 66 interviews were conducted with high-level officials in three Ministries of Finance, Health and Public Service (n = 14), representatives of PEPFAR implementing organizations (n = 16), District Health Teams (n = 15) and facility managers (n = 22). Twelve focus groups were conducted with 87 HWs absorbed on GoU payrolls. We utilized the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to guide thematic analysis. At sub-national level, facilitators of transition in ‘high absorber’ districts were identified as the presence of transition ‘champions’, prioritizing HWs in district wage bill commitments, host facilities providing ‘bridge financing’ to transition workforce during salary delays and receiving donor technical support in district wage bill analysis- attributes which were absent in ‘low absorber’ districts. At national-level, multi-sectoral engagements (incorporating the influential Ministry of Finance), developing a joint transition road map, aligning with GoU salary scales and recruitment processes emerged as facilitators of the transition process. Overall, PEPFAR support acted as a catalyst for increasing GoU and facility-level budget allocations towards expanding the health workforce in focus districts in Uganda. Our case-studies offer implementation research lessons on effective donor transition and insights into pragmatic strategies for expanding fiscal space for health in a low-income setting.
Clinical, Microbiological And Immunological Effects Of Systemic Probiotics In Periodontal Treatment: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Retamal-Valdes Belen , Teughels Wim , Oliveira Laryssa Macedo , Silva Rebeca Nascimento da , Fritoli Aretuza , Gomes Patricia , Soares Geisla Mary Silva , Temporão Natalie , Furquim Camila Pinheiro , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Doyle Helio , Faveri Marcelo , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Feres Magda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The association of scaling and root planing (SRP) with systemic metronidazole (MTZ) plus amoxicillin (AMX) has shown to be an effective treatment protocol, particularly for Periodontitis Stages III and IV, generalized. More recently, probiotics have also been suggested as a promising adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) is to evaluate the clinical, microbiological and immunological effects of probiotics as adjuncts to SRP alone or with MTZ+AMX in the treatment of periodontitis. Methods: Subjects with periodontitis are being randomly assigned to receive (i) SRP alone, or with (ii) two probiotic lozenges/day for 90 days (Prob), (iii) MTZ (400 mg) and AMX (500 mg) thrice a day (TID) for 14 days (MTZ+AMX), or (iv) Prob and MTZ+AMX. Subjects are being monitored for up to 12 months post-treatment. Nine subgingival plaque samples per patient are being collected at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months post-therapy, and analyzed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization for 40 bacterial species. Peripheral blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of four randomly selected periodontal sites will be analyzed by means of a multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassay for 17 cyto/chemokines. Statistical analyses: The significance of differences in each group (over the course of the study) will be sought using repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman tests; and among groups (at each time point) using either ANOVA /ANCOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests, depending on normality of the data. The Chi-square test will be used to compare differences in the frequency of subjects achieving the clinical endpoint for treatment (≤4 sites with PD≥5 mm) at 1 year and of self-perceived adverse effects. A stepwise forward logistic regression analysis will be performed in order to investigate the impact of different predictor variables on the percentage of patients achieving the clinical endpoint for treatment. The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) with different treatment protocols will be also calculated. Statistical significance will be set at 5%. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03733379/November 7, 2018.
Efficacy of Bronchial Wash Cytology and its Correlation with Histopathology in Diagnosis of Lung Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Tomar Shilpa , Thakur Brijesh , Dubey Krishna , Gulati Priyanka 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Cytological evaluation is an important, usually initial diagnostic modality in patients with suspected malignant lung masses. Bronchoscopic washing, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing and fine needle aspirations may complement tissue biopsies in the diagnosis of lung cancer. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of bronchial wash cytology and to correlate it with histopathology in diagnosis of suspected cases of lung cancer at a tertiary care hospital.
Material and methods: Bronchial washings and bronchial biopsy were collected from total 60 clinically suspected cases of carcinoma lung. Bronchial washing smears were stained with MGG and H&E stain and were categorized as unequivocally positive / unequivocally negative for malignancy and atypical (equivocal for diagnosis). Biopsy sections were examined for histopathological diagnosis.
Results: Cytomorphologically, 30 cases were reported as positive for malignancy, 28 cases were negative for malignancy and 02 cases were atypical. On histopathology, lung carcinoma was diagnosed in 48 patients out of them 35 cases were of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases were of small cell carcinoma and 6 were of large cell carcinoma.
Conclusion: Maximum diagnostic yield can be obtained by combining biopsy with cytological procedures of washing rather alone.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SHIP NAVIGATION IN ROUGH SEAS BASED ON ECMWF DATA
Authors:   Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India, Vinayak Patil Prasad , Prabu Chelladurai Sree Krishna , Vishwanath Nagarajan , Prakash Sha Om 
Published: March 2021

Recently, several changes have been observed in the Earth’s environment. This is also applicable to the ocean environment. The concept of weather routing has been applied for ship navigation for a long time. Many service providers offer weather routing service with the availability of high-quality satellite data. Unfortunately, not much information is available in the public domain as to how much the recent change in the weather pattern has affected ship navigation. The purpose of this paper is to fill this information gap. We investigate the influence of recent changes in the ocean environment on ship navigation. Weather data from ECMWF, namely ERA-Interim, is used for this purpose. The ECMWF data for the last 27 years is analysed. We compute the statistical characteristics of this data for the first 10 years, last 10 years, and 27 years. The statistical characteristics of the data are determined based on “summer” and “winter” zones as defined by international maritime regulations. Six different worldwide commercial ship routes are selected covering all the ocean regions. Navigation on great ellipse with waypoint is considered. MMG type ship manoeuvring model for 3 different ship types (DTMB 5415, PCC, VLCC) is used. The added resistance due to wave, wind and the effort of keeping the ship on the desired course using autopilot in the rough ocean environment is included in the MMG model. The fuel consumption and the duration of each one of the voyage are computed. Based on the analysis and simulation results it is shown that: (i)	The mean wave height, wave period, and wind speed has increased in some ocean zones and decreased in other ocean zones. If any change has occurred, it is uniform for both seasons (summer and winter). (ii)	In which ocean regions there is a perceptible change in fuel consumption, average ship speed and voyage time due to the changes in the weather pattern. (iii)	The changing weather pattern in different ocean zones affects each ship type differently.
De la crise de la diaconie à la diaconie de la crise : quelques pistes pour l'avenir
Authors: De Salis Pierre 
Published: March 2021

Pierre de Salis stellt sich in seinem Beitrag «De la crise de la diaconie à la diaconie de la crise» der Aufgabe einer generellen Positionsbestimmung der Diakonie in den Kirchen. Aus einer persönlichen Doppelperspektive – zum Einen als Verantwortlicher für die Diacre-Ausbildung in der Romandie sowie zum Anderen als theologischer Wissenschaftler und Doktorand – geht er aus von der bekannten Rede, die Kirche sei in der Krise und müsse sich neu erfinden («l'Église doit se réinventer») und versucht, diese zuweilen platt angewendete Formel in seinem Beitrag hinsichtlich der kirchlichen Diakonie zu differenzieren und benennt vier zentrale Probleme bzw. Herausforderungen, vor der die Diakonie stehe: 1. Die Herausforderung einer konfessionellen Prägung («le problème confessionel»); 2. die Herausforderung der professionellen Ausbildung («le problème professionel»); 3. die Herausforderung der ökonomischen Lage (le problème économique») sowie 4. die Herausforderung der beruflichen Nachfolgelösungen («le problème de relève professionelle»). Antworten auf diese Herausforderungen für die Diakonie sucht er in gut protestantischer Art und Weise im Schriftbezug («le principe du sola scriptura») und formuliert, welche Anregungen sich aus den biblischen Wurzeln bzw. aus der Wortverwendung des griechischen Begriffs «diakonia» für die diakonische Praxis ergeben können.
Keiner stirbt für sich allein - Sorgende Gemeinde im Quartier
Authors: Coenen-Marx Cornelia 
Published: March 2021

Cornelia Coenen-Marx stellt in ihrem Beitrag «Keiner stirbt für sich allein – Sorgende Gemeinschaften im Quartier» fest, dass das Sterben in unserer Gesellschaft immer noch als Tabu behandelt wird, dies trotz der 35-jährigen Geschichte der Hospizbewegung und trotz der sich seit 20 Jahren im Aufbau befindlichen Palliativversorgung. Nach wie vor seien Hochbetagte, Demente und Pflegebedürftige «von zunehmender Exklusion betroffen» und bräuchten «Unterstützung, um auch weiterhin Teil der Gemeinschaft zu bleiben». Coenen-Marx beobachtet: «Mit der Entdeckung der dritten Lebensphase, des jungen, aktiven Alterns, rückte die Hochaltrigkeit als vierte Lebensphase weiter nach hinten – und wird oft genug verdrängt».
Wenn dies verhindert werden soll, d.h. wenn Menschen auch im Alter möglichst lange im gewohnte Umfeld sollen bleiben können, so brauche es «mehr Beratung, besser vernetzte Angebote und andere Wohnformen» sowie «starke Nachbarschaften, in denen man einander unterhalb der Schwelle professioneller und bezahlter Dienstleistungen wechselseitig hilft». So gestaltete «Orte des guten Lebens» benötigten demnach einen Wohlfahrtsmix, in dem alle beteiligten Akteure – Staat, Dienstleister und Nachbarschaftsinitiativen – in «geteilter Verantwortung» produktiv zusammenwirken.
Kirchen und Kirchgemeinden seien aufgerufen, ihre Ressourcen einzusetzen, um Entlastung für die Sterbenden und ihre Angehörigen zu schaffen, um gegebenenfalls Versöhnungsprozesse und Wiederbegegnungen zu initiieren sowie um einfühlsame Begleitung und Beratung in schwierigen Entscheidungssituationen zu bieten. «Jeder, der das letzte Kapitel des eigenen Lebens bewusst gestalten will, sollte die notwendige Unterstützung bekommen, um die eigene Geschichte zu erzählen, Beziehungen abzuschliessen, das eigene Vermächtnis weiter zu geben, und denen, die bleiben, Segen zu hinterlassen». Coenen-Marx erachtet der Kirchgemeinden als sehr geeignet, um sich mit ihren Potenzialen für sorgende Gemeinschaften einzusetzen.
Du bist mir nicht egal
Authors: Gebhard Dörte 
Published: March 2021

Dörte Gebhard geht in ihrem Beitrag «Du bist mir nicht egal. Kirchgemeinden als Caring communities» von einer bedeutenden «Irritationsqualität» des Begriffs der «Sorge» aus: Der Begriff steht einer zunehmenden Ökonomisierung aller Lebensbereiche – auch des Helfens – entgegen, die dazu führt, dass auch in der Diakonie zuweilen «an die Stelle theologischer Steuerung […] immer stärker eine managementförmige Steuerung» tritt. Als Gegenhorizont zu einer durchrationalisierten und leistungsorientierten Welt diene der Begriff der Sorge dazu, das Sorgehandeln nicht nur als Sozialtechnik zu verstehen, sondern in grundsätzlicher Weise als zentrale Dimensionen unserer Existenz.
Sorgegemeinschaften stiften daher ein tragfähiges Netz von Beziehungen, die auf persönlicher Bekanntschaft basieren und in einem überschaubaren Rahmen stattfinden. Denn diese beiden Aspekte schafften nach Gebhard eine Vertrauensbasis sowie eine für Sorgegemeinschaften wichtige Grundsicherheit, die angesichts der bestehenden «Anonymität und Mobilität der Gesellschaft eher zu statt ab[nimmt]».
Festzuhalten ist jedoch, dass sich die durch persönliche Bekanntschaft und den überschaubaren Rahmen konstituierte Zusammengehörigkeit nicht durch möglichst hohe Homogenität in der Zusammensetzung auszeichnen soll; vielmehr gehe es darum, in den Gemeinschaften Pluralität und Diversität aktiv zu nutzen und zu geniessen, was allerdings Mut brauche. Dementsprechend definiert Gebhard das Wirken der Caring communities als «gegenseitige Hilfe in einer überschaubaren Gemeinschaft, die Mut schafft, kurz Mutschaftshilfe».
In solcher «Mutschaftshilfe» geht es darum, Toleranz – im Sinne eines aktiven Ertragens von Widersprüchen – zu üben, Gelegenheiten zu schaffen für die Kommunikation des je eigenen Glaubens, und vor allem unsere Lebenszeit mit den Lebenszeiten anderer Menschen zu teilen. Denn: «Zeit wird immer mehr wert sein als Geld, besonders in Zeiten, in denen angeblich Zeit Geld ist».
PERCEPÇÃO DE IMPACTOS SOBRE A PESCA ARTESANAL: CAMINHOS PARA O MANEJO DOS RECURSOS PESQUEIROS DO AMAPÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Pantoja Wanderson Michel De Farias , Corrêa Jacklinne Matta , Ferreira Simone Dias , Guedes Glenda de Freita , Mendonça Renan Pereira , Pantoja Jair de Farias 
Published: March 2021

<p>Este estudo analisou o conhecimento de pescadores artesanais sobre aspectos ecológicos e de percepção ambiental da atividade pesqueira artesanal de comunidades componentes de duas Bacias Hidrográficas do estado do Amapá. Foi adotada uma amostragem do tipo "<em>bola de neve</em>" que resultaram em entrevistas com 87 pescadores no período de junho de 2015 a junho de 2017. Os pescadores apresentaram considerável tempo de atividade na pesca (20,8 ± 13,4 anos) e mostraram ter vasto conhecimento ecológico e percepção ambiental considerável quanto aos recursos pesqueiros da região. A percepção sobre a abundância e a diminuição de espécies de diferentes etnoespécies de peixes nas duas áreas de estudo apresentou diferenças. Foi registrada a redução de estoques pesqueiros e o aumento de outras espécies nas comunidades componentes da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Curiaú (<em>Hoplias</em> sp.; <em>Hoplosternum litrorale</em>) e na bacia do Igarapé Fortaleza (<em>Plagioscion</em> sp.; <em>Hoplias</em> sp.). Os problemas ambientais apontados como mais preocupantes para a atividade pesqueira foram: o tráfego de barcos; poluição do rio; óleo despejado na água; lago secando; diminuição de peixes e presença de búfalos. Este estudo apontou informações pioneiras para o estado do Amapá, a exemplo de que houve redução de estoques pesqueiros e aumento da ocorrência de espécies. Esses resultados podem orientar estudos futuros para coleta de peixes, mitigação de impactos e estratégias de educação ambiental. Esse conhecimento ecológico local precisa ser conservado e pode contribuir para aplicação de estratégias de manejo e co-manejo dos recursos pesqueiros da região para melhorar a gestão da atividade de pesca artesanal.</p>