bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and abiotic conditions shape the diel floral emission patterns of desert Brassicaceae species
Authors: Cna'ani Alon , Dener Efrat , Ben‐Zeev Efrat , Günther Jan , Köllner Tobias G. , Tzin Vered , Seifan Merav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA key facet of floral scent is diel fluctuations in emission, often studied in the context of plant‐pollinator interactions, while contributions of environment and phylogeny remain overlooked. Here, we ask if these factors are involved in shaping temporal variations in scent emission. To that end, we coupled light/dark floral emission measurements of 17 desert Brassicaceae species with environmental and phylogenetic data to explore the individual/combined impacts of these predictors on diel emission patterns. We further investigated these patterns by conducting high‐resolution emission measurements in a subset of genetically distant species with contrasting temporal dynamics. While diel shifts in magnitude and richness of emission were strongly affected by genetic relatedness, they also reflect the environmental conditions under which the species grow. Specifically, light/dark emission ratios were negatively affected by an increase in winter temperatures, known to impact both plant physiology and insect locomotion, and sandy soil fractions, previously shown to exert stress that tempers with diel metabolic rhythms. Additionally, the biosynthetic origins of the compounds were associated with their corresponding production patterns, possibly to maximize emission efficacy. Using a multidisciplinary chemical/ecological approach, we uncover and differentiate the main factors shaping floral scent diel fluctuations, highlighting their consequences under changing global climate.
Civic engagement: School‐based health centers and public health nursing
Authors: Blacksin Beth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo understand how the events of the 1996 formation of a school‐based health center (SBHC) both illustrate the concept of civic engagement and embody historic aspects of public health nursing practice.DesignCase study design.SampleInterviews, documents, epidemiologic records, and field observations.ResultsThe three themes discovered were collaboration to achieve public good, equity and social justice, creation of a long‐term partnership, and demonstration of leadership using grassroots advocacy.ConclusionThe SBHC case serves as a contemporary example of public health nurses' leadership in the current practice arena. The experience of nurse leadership evokes the historic mission and practice of public health nursing.
COVID‐19 updates: Real‐time epidemiology for BSN community/public health nursing course
Authors: Farris Cindy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTeaching nursing students about epidemiology is often a daunting task, with many lacking the knowledge and application of and interest in epidemiological elements. Baccalaureate science nursing (BSN) essentials state that BSN nursing students need educational applications for health promotion and disease prevention for effective population‐based communities. The COVID‐19 pandemic data have allowed for real‐time analysis and synthesis of live application of data which meets the specific requirements on current and future epidemiological problems. Nursing students can monitor weekly trends through disease surveillance and application to the surrounding community, providing for effective critical thinking and clinical judgment. Comparing weekly changes in data assists in developing interest on applying this information for practice. Discussion about background evidence, valid national, regional, and local websites, specific implementation steps, and overall student reflection feedback will be discussed.
Public health nurses in Canadian schools: An opportunity to build capacity and nursing scholarship
Authors: Buduhan Vanessa H. , Woodgate Roberta L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublic health nurses (PHNs) in Canada have the potential to significantly benefit the health and academic outcomes of school age children with its impact lasting into adulthood. Unfortunately, cuts in government funding over the years have diminished the presence of PHNs in schools and their ability to practice to their full scope. In the midst of a pandemic, having a strong nursing presence in schools may facilitate public health efforts and reduce the burden on teachers and administration. This discussion paper will explore the current role of nurses in Canadian schools in relation to school nurses in other parts of the world. An overview of the literature looking at the impact of the school nurse on school health (i.e., student health and academic outcomes) will be presented to provide evidence in support of rebuilding nursing capacity in Canadian schools. Finally, the Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice will be introduced as a viable nursing theory to facilitate rebuilding PHN capacity in schools.
Spectral effects of blue and red light on growth, anatomy, and physiology of lettuce
Authors: Izzo Luigi Gennaro , Mickens Matthew A. , Aronne Giovanna , Gómez Celina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCharacterizing spectral effects of blue and red light ratios on plants could help expand our understanding of factors that regulate growth and development, which is becoming increasingly important as narrowband light‐emitting diodes become common for sole‐source lighting. Herein we report growth, physiological, and anatomical responses of two lettuce cultivars grown indoors under various blue and red ratios including monochromatic treatments. When used in combination with red, increasing the proportion of blue light generally reduced growth but increased chloroplast abundance and single‐leaf photosynthetic efficiency. However, when used as single wavebands, both blue and red light increased leaf area and epidermal cell area, but reduced root dry mass, SPAD index, stomatal density, and leaf thickness compared to dichromatic light. In addition, chloroplast abundance and single‐leaf physiological responses were higher in plants grown under monochromatic blue compared to red light, but the opposite trend was measured for shoot biomass. Our results show that spectral effects on morpho‐anatomical leaf responses can largely influence plant growth and single‐leaf physiological responses. However, a significant blue light reduction in radiation capture ultimately limits growth and productivity of lettuce plants when dichromatic blue and red light is used.
TB notification rates across parliamentary constituencies in India: a step towards data‐driven political engagement
Authors: Pardeshi Geeta , Wang Weiyu , Kim Julie , Blossom Jeffrey , Kim Rockli , Subramanian S. V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveNational averages obscure geographic variation in program performance. We determined Parliamentary Constituency (PC)‐wise estimates of TB notification to guide political engagement.MethodsWe extracted district‐level TB notification data from the 2018 annual TB report. We derived PC‐level estimates by building a ‘cross‐walk’ between districts and PCs using boundary shapefiles. We described the spatial distribution of the PC‐wise estimates of Total Notification Rate and percentage of Private Sector Notification.ResultsThe median PC‐wise Total Notification Rate was 126.24/100 000 (IQR: 94.86/100 000, 162.22/100 000). The median PC‐wise Percentage Private Sector Notification was 18.03% (IQR: 9.56%, 26.84%). Only 16 (2.94%) PCs met the target of 50% private sector notification. Most of high notification rates in PCs were driven by high notification in public sector. There was geographic – both interstate and within state inter‐PC – variation in the estimates of these indicators. The study identified some geographic patterns of notification – high positive outlier PCs with adjoining PCs in lower deciles of notification rates, intra‐state differences in PC performance, and similarities in notification rates of adjoining PCs in different states.ConclusionIn addition to regional inequality, the study identified geospatial patterns that can aid in the formulation of suitable interventions. These include decongestion of overburdened facilities by strengthening poorly performing units. The PCs with a high percentage Private Sector Notification can act as role models for neighbouring PCs to improve private sector engagement. MPs can play a crucial role in mobilising additional resources, creating awareness, and establishing inter‐PC and inter‐state collaboration to improve TB program performance.
Production of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 hyperimmune globulin from convalescent plasma
Authors: Vandeberg Peter , Cruz Maria , Diez Jose Maria , Merritt W. Keither , Santos Benjamin , Trukawinski Susan , Wellhouse Andrea , Jose Marta , Willis Todd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn late 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus emerged in China and quickly spread into a worldwide pandemic. Prior to the development of specific drug therapies or a vaccine, more immediately available treatments were sought including convalescent plasma. A potential improvement from convalescent plasma could be the preparation of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 hyperimmune globulin (hIVIG).Study Design and MethodsConvalescent plasma was collected from an existing network of plasma donation centers. A caprylate/chromatography purification process was used to manufacture hIVIG. Initial batches of hIVIG were manufactured in a versatile, small‐scale facility designed and built to rapidly address emerging infectious diseases.ResultsProcessing convalescent plasma into hIVIG resulted in a highly purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) product with more concentrated neutralizing antibody activity. hIVIG will allow for the administration of greater antibody activity per unit of volume with decreased potential for several adverse events associated with plasma administration. IgG concentration and IgG specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 were increased over 10‐fold from convalescent plasma to the final product. Normalized enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay activity (per mg/ml IgG) was maintained throughout the process. Protein content in these final product batches was 100% IgG, consisting of 98% monomer and dimer forms. Potentially hazardous proteins (IgM, IgA, and anti‐A, anti‐B, and anti‐D) were reduced to minimal levels.ConclusionsMultiple batches of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 hIVIG that met regulatory requirements were manufactured from human convalescent plasma. The first clinical study in which the hIVIG will be evaluated will be Inpatient Treatment with Anti‐Coronavirus Immunoglobulin (ITAC) [NCT04546581].
JARID1‐targeted histone H3 demethylase inhibitors exhibit anti‐proliferative activity and overcome cisplatin resistance in canine oral melanoma cell lines
Authors: Tobin Savannah J. , Chang Hong , Kent Michael S. , Davies Alexander E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHistone demethylases are overexpressed or display altered activity in numerous human cancers leading to alterations in cell cycle dynamics, DNA repair kinetics, and therapeutic resistance. Consequently, therapeutic targeting of histone demethylases has become an active and promising area of research in human oncology. However, the role of histone demethylases and the potential efficacy of demethylase inhibition in canine cancers remains largely unknown. In the present work, we addressed this knowledge gap by exploring the therapeutic potential of histone demethylase inhibitors (HDIs) in canine oral melanoma. Using canine melanoma cell lines, we determined that broad spectrum HDIs result in decreased cell survival and prolonged DNA damage repair kinetics. We then showed that JARID1B, a histone H3 demethylase implicated in proliferation‐dormancy regulation and drug sensitivity in human cancers, is highly expressed in canine tumour tissues. HDIs targeting JARID1B, and related JARID1 family members, significantly reduced survival fractions in canine melanoma cell lines, but did not appear to modulate DNA damage repair kinetics like broad spectrum HDI treatments. Importantly, we found that the anti‐proliferative effects of JARID1‐targeted HDIs are preserved in cell lines resistant to platinum‐based chemotherapeutics, suggesting that HDIs may serve as a viable therapeutic strategy when faced with oral melanomas that progress despite the use of conventional therapies.
The role of age and gender in grammatical variation in world Englishes
Authors: Suárez‐Gómez Cristina , Seoane Elena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractYoung speakers and women have been identified as leaders of language change in the English language. However, sociolinguistic studies addressing grammatical variation according to the age and gender of speakers are infrequent in world Englishes mainly due to the dearth of corpora with explicit detailed metadata. In this paper we explore the effect of these two factors on language innovation and creativity as represented in the International Corpus of English (ICE). For that purpose, we have selected two high‐frequency grammatical phenomena: (i) the expression of perfect meaning, which exhibits variability between different forms; and (ii) relative clauses, with variation in the use of relativizers. A preliminary analysis of the variable age shows that young speakers behave differently as regards both the expression of perfect meaning and the choice of relativizers. With this study we hope to contribute to this still small but growing body of sociolinguistic research on grammatical variation in world Englishes.
Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of asymptomatic canine leishmaniasis and implications for human Leishmania infections in Egypt
Authors: Abuowarda Mai , AbuBakr Huda O. , Ismael Elshaimaa , Shaalan Mohamed , Mohamed Mona A. , Aljuaydi Samira H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a neglected zoonotic disease that poses significant veterinary and public health risks in developing countries. Dogs act as a reservoir host for leishmaniasis transmitted to humans. A total of 108 human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were identified in the Al‐Houd Al‐Marsoud Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, during 2018. Blood samples and skin biopsies were collected for further examination. Blood samples from 96 asymptomatic dogs were collected. All samples were subjected to molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to measure the expression of genes related to mTOR signalling and inflammation in blood and tissue samples. The distribution pattern of human cases pointed to an endemic focus in North Sinai (66.67%). The prevalence of asymptomatic canine leishmaniasis was 66.60%. Histopathological examination of human skin lesions revealed a severe granulomatous inflammatory reaction, necrosis and ulceration. Moreover, leishmanial amastigotes could be detected in human tissue samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 100% identity of human isolates to Leishmania tropica (MN453682), and dog isolates to Leishmania infantum (MN453673), with 94.9% similarity between the two isolates. Gene expression related to mTOR signalling and inflammation in both species' samples confirmed a significant alteration of EIF4EBP1, CCR4 and INF‐γ expression compared with control groups. In Egypt, increased incidence of asymptomatic carrier dogs acting as a significant reservoir host for Leishmania poses a public health hazard. Findings warrant further epidemiological investigation of CL in Egypt, as well as additional study of parasite differentiation and gene regulation.
A β Ti–20Nb–10Ta–5Zr Alloy with the Surface Structured on the Micro- and Nanoscale
Authors: Sevostyanov M. A. , Baikin A. S. , Kaplan M. A. , Kolmakov A. G. , Gudkov S. V. , Rebezov M. B. , Garnov S. V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This alloy is shown to be homogeneous (Ti 65%, Nb 20%, Ta 10%, Zr 5%). A change in the elemental composition is observed only in the layer close to the surface with a thickness of about 100 nm. The alloy surface is depleted in titanium (∼20%) and enriched in tantalum (∼20%). There is also a large amount of oxides on the surface (∼50%). The alloy is single-phase with a β-Ti-type crystal lattice (cubic system, space group Im3m). The alloy has yield strength of about 550 MPa and a tensile strength of about 700 MPa. The Young’s modulus is about 50 GPa. The relative elongation of the alloy is about 1.4%. On a microscale, folds and longitudinal comb-like structures up to 0.5 μm in height are found on the surface of wires and plates made of the Ti–20Nb–10Ta–5Zr alloy. When analyzing nanotopology, it is found that, even between comb-like structures or at their tops, there are irregularities up to 100–150 nm in height.
Improving the Anticorrosion Characteristics of Polymer Coatings in the Case of Their Modification with Compositions Based on Organosilanes
Authors: Petrunin M. A. , Gladkikh N. A. , Maleeva M. A. , Rybkina A. A. , Terekhova E. V. , Yurasova T. A. , Ignatenko V. E. , Maksaeva L. B. , Kotenev V. A. , Tsivadze A. Yu. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe effect of a series of organosilanes and their mixtures with corrosion inhibitors on the anticorrosion properties of polymer and paint coatings on steel, namely, on the adhesive characteristics of the coatings and corrosion behavior of the metal in the presence of coatings modified with organosilanes, corrosion inhibitors, and their mixtures, is studied. It is shown that mixtures of 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) or aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane—diaminosilane (DAS) inhibit the local dissolution and underfilm corrosion of carbon steel, and the potential of local depassivation shifts by 0.3–0.4 V. Here, compact polymer-like layers that are strongly bound to the metal surface are formed on the surface of steel. Corrosion and mechanical tests of the samples of pipe steels with different types of inhibiting compositions are conducted. The effect of the inhibitors on the crack growth under static loading in a model soil electrolyte (pH of 5.5) and on the crack resistance of steel under slow tension in an NS-4 model underfilm electrolyte (pH of 7.0) is evaluated. The tests are performed in media free from and containing hydrogen sulfide. It is shown that the best inhibiting properties are manifested by the mixtures of corrosion inhibitors with organosilanes. Comparative laboratory and bench tests for the adhesive strength, water resistance, and resistance to cathodic detachment of the adhesive junctions obtained upon applying the modified polymer and paint coatings onto the surface of steel are performed. It is found that introducing a mixture of organosilane and a corrosion inhibitor improves the adhesive properties of polymer and paint coatings.
Accountability in Myanmar: A Transformative Stepping-Stone?
Authors: Verelst Sebastiaan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current approach of the international community to the question of accountability for atrocity crimes in Myanmar risks doing little to prevent such crimes in the future. It fails to shape accountability measures as a response to a complex and structural impunity problem that drives the recurrence of atrocity crimes. This article discusses building blocks for an alternative approach: a deeper understanding of impunity, a multifaceted concept of accountability, a greater awareness of the purpose and limitations of distinct accountability measures, and a deliberate connection between the accountability and prevention agendas. In doing so, the article explores how states can more effectively fulfil their international legal obligation to prevent atrocity crimes, in Myanmar and beyond.
Vitrectomy for laser-induced full-thickness macular hole
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Ting , Jiang Rui , Xu Gezhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
To report the structure and visual outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for laser-induced full-thickness macular holes (MHs).

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 10 patients who underwent vitrectomy for MHs caused by laser injury. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used for assessment.

Results
Four patients were injured by unexpected expose of an yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser, and six patients were accidentally injured by a handheld laser. The MH minimum diameters (MDs) ranged from 55 to 966 μm (mean = 548.00 ± 286.10 μm), and BCVA ranged from 20/400 to 20/50 (mean = logMAR 0.87 ± 0.29) preoperatively. All 10 eyes underwent PPV, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and gas tamponade. All eyes demonstrated closure of the MH with different degrees of discontinuity of the outer layer of the retina, and four eyes exhibited serious retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) destruction. Postoperative BCVA values were significantly improved (mean = logMAR 0.55 ± 0.33; P = 0.032, t = 2.234). The mean BCVA of the destroyed RPE group was significantly worse than that of the non-destroyed RPE group both before and after surgery (P = 0.019; Wilcoxon signed rank test). Further, OCTA indicated choroidal ischemia in the laser-induced MHs.

Conclusion
Vitrectomy can be successful in closing laser-induced full-thickness MHs and improving visual acuity. However, If RPE/choroid is involved in laser damage in addition to the outer retinal layer, this may indicate poor visual prognosis.
Socioeconomy as a prognostic factor for location of death in Swedish palliative cancer patients
Authors: Nilsson Jonas , Holgersson Georg , Ullenhag Gustav , Holmgren Malin , Axelsson Bertil , Carlsson Tobias , Bergqvist Michael , Bergström Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
An important aspect of end-of-life care is the place of death. A majority of cancer patients prefer home death to hospital death. At the same time, the actual location of death is often against patient’s last-known wish. The aim of this study was to analyze whether socioeconomic factors influence if Swedish palliative cancer patients die at home or at a hospital. There is no previous study on location of death encompassing several years in Swedish cancer patients.

Methods
Data was collected from the Swedish Register of Palliative Care for patients diagnosed with brain tumor, lung, colorectal, prostate or breast cancer recorded between 2011 and 2014. The data was linked to the Swedish Cancer Register, the Cause of Death Register and the Longitudinal Integration Database for health-insurance and labor-market studies. A total of 8990 patients were included.

Results
We found that marital status was the factor that seemed to affect the place of death. Lack of a partner, compared to being married, was associated with a higher likelihood of dying at a hospital.

Conclusion
Our findings are in line with similar earlier studies encompassing only 1 year and based on patients in other countries. Whether inequalities at least partly explain the differences remains to be investigated. Patients dying of cancer in Sweden, who do not have a life partner, may not have the option of dying at home due to lack of informal support. Perhaps the need of extensive community support services to enable home death have to improve, and further studies are warranted to answer this question.