bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock Return Autocorrelations: Evidence from the Asia‐Pacific Stock Markets
Authors: Lin Luke , Lin Wen‐Yuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study uses quantile regression to examine the stock autocorrelations of eight Asian markets for the period 1990–2014. First, we find that the impacts of their previous returns are basically positive under most of the quantiles. Second, if we distinguish previous returns as positive or negative, the basic positive autocorrelations are strengthened. Third, when the previous return soars or plummets, the basic positive autocorrelations are not obviously changed. Last, through the cross‐comparison of two different financial crises, geographical correlations are shown to be a potentially major factor in the spread of the impact of the financial crisis.
De novo isolated myeloid sarcoma: comparative analysis of survival in 19 consecutive cases
Authors: Begna Kebede H. , Kittur Jaya , Yui Jennifer , Gangat Naseema , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Al‐Kali Aref , Elliott Michelle A. , Hogan William J. , Litzow Mark R. , Hook Christopher C. , Wolanskyj Alexandra P. , Howard Matthew T. , Hanson Curtis A. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Pardanani Animesh D. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: August 2021

SummaryInstitutional database search (1999–2020) for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) identified 109 cases of myeloid sarcoma (MS), of which 19 were isolated and presented de novo. The latter displayed longer survival (median 78 months), compared to MS with synchronous intramedullary AML (n = 32; median 16 months) and de novo AML without MS (n = 729; median 22 months; P = 0·13). However, the difference in survival was no longer apparent after accounting for bone marrow cytogenetic risk status (P = 0·67). Treatment‐induced MS tumour resolution was not affected by the presence of intramedullary disease (P = 0·61). The current study clarifies the prognosis of de novo isolated MS, in the context of AML.
Negotiating child agency in childcare practices among immigrant families
Authors: Gonzalez Emilia , Ruiz‐Casares Mónica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the context of migration, different perspectives of child agency can influence childcare practices and may create tensions within families and in the host society. This study explores the individual, relational, environmental, and cultural factors that influence how child agency is understood and exercised within immigrant households. Focus group discussions were conducted with first‐ and second‐generation immigrant children (12‐ to 17‐year‐old) (N = 46) and parents (N = 19) from South‐Asia, Latin‐America and the Caribbean in Montreal. Our findings suggest that children exercise agency by taking actions to ensure their own safety and contributing to their families' needs. Moreover, we found that negotiating children's agency is influenced by the nature of the parent–child relationship, the material and social resources available to the family, and the perceived and lived experiences of authority and safety in the host society. This study advances our understanding of how immigrant children contribute to their families and the role that contextual factors play in shaping, promoting and hindering child agency. Policy makers and service providers in host societies should consider the perspectives of immigrant children and parents in order to develop a more culturally responsive understanding of the elements and processes that influence childcare and supervision practices of immigrant families.
Altered mismatch response of inferior parietal lobule in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A magnetoencephalographic study
Authors: Chen Pin‐Yu , Hsu Hui‐Yun , Chao Yi‐Ping , Nouchi Rui , Wang Pei‐Ning , Cheng Chia‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMismatch negativity (MMN) reflects the functional integrity of sensory memory function. With the advantages of independence of individual's focused attention and behavioral cooperation, this neurophysiological signal is particularly suitable for investigating elderly with cognitive decline such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the existing results remain substantially inconsistent whether these patients show deficits of MMN. In order to reconcile the previous disputes, the present study used magnetoencephalography combined with distributed source imaging methods to determine the source‐level magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) in aMCI.MethodsA total of 26 healthy controls (HC) and 26 patients with aMCI underwent an auditory oddball paradigm during the MEG recordings. MMNm amplitudes and latencies in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) were compared between HC and aMCI groups. The correlations of MMNm responses with performance of auditory/verbal memory tests were examined. Finally, MMNm and its combination with verbal/auditory memory tests were submitted to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsCompared to HC, patients with aMCI showed significantly delayed MMNm latencies in the IPL. Among the patients with aMCI, longer MMNm latencies of left IPL were associated with lower scores of Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the combination of MMNm latencies of left IPL and CVVLT scores yielded a moderate accuracy in the discrimination of aMCI from HC at an individual level.ConclusionsOur data suggest dysfunctional MMNm in patients with aMCI, particularly in the IPL.
Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB protects dopaminergic neurons via activation of Akt/ERK/CREB pathways to upregulate tyrosine hydroxylase
Authors: Chen Huan , Teng Yan , Chen Xingmin , Liu Zhihao , Geng Fan , Liu Yanzhuo , Jiang Haisong , Wang Ziyan , Yang Lu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThe neurotropic growth factor PDGF‐BB was shown to have vital neurorestorative functions in various animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies indicated that the regenerative property of PDGF‐BB contributes to the increased intensity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) fibers in vivo. However, whether PDGF‐BB directly modulates the expression of TH, and the underlying mechanism is still unknown. We will carefully examine this in our current study.MethodMPTP‐lesion mice received PDGF‐BB treatment via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) administration, and the expression of TH in different brain regions was assessed by RT‐PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining. The molecular mechanisms of PDGF‐BB‐mediated TH upregulation were examined by RT‐PCR, Western blot, ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, and immunocytochemistry.ResultsWe validated a reversal expression of TH in MPTP‐lesion mice upon i.c.v administration of PDGF‐BB for seven days. Similar effects of PDGF‐BB‐mediated TH upregulation were also observed in MPP+‐treated primary neuronal culture and dopaminergic neuronal cell line SH‐SY5Y cells. We next demonstrated that PDGF‐BB rapidly activated the pro‐survival PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, as well as the downstream CREB in SH‐SY5Y cells. We further confirmed the significant induction of p‐CREB in PDGF‐BB‐treated animals in vivo. Using a genetic approach, we demonstrated that the transcription factor CREB is critical for PDGF‐BB‐mediated TH expression. The activation and nucleus translocation of CREB were promoted in PDGF‐BB‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells, and the enrichment of CREB on the promoter region of TH gene was also increased upon PDGF‐BB treatment.ConclusionOur data demonstrated that PDGF‐BB directly regulated the expression of TH via activating the downstream Akt/ERK/CREB signaling pathways. Our finding will further support the therapeutic potential of PDGF‐BB in PD, and provide the possibility that targeting PDGF signaling can be harnessed as an adjunctive therapy in PD in the future.
Mischaracterizing wildlife trade and its impacts may mislead policy processes
Authors: Challender Daniel W.S. , Brockington Dan , Hinsley Amy , Hoffmann Michael , Kolby Jonathan E. , Massé Francis , Natusch Daniel J.D. , Oldfield Thomasina E.E. , Outhwaite Willow , ’t Sas‐Rolfes Michael , Milner‐Gulland E.J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOverexploitation is a key driver of biodiversity loss but the relationship between the use and trade of species and conservation outcomes is not always straightforward. Accurately characterizing wildlife trade and understanding the impact it has on wildlife populations are therefore critical to evaluating the potential threat trade poses to species and informing local to international policy responses. However, a review of recent research that uses wildlife and trade‐related databases to investigate these topics highlights three relatively widespread issues: (1) mischaracterization of the threat that trade poses to certain species or groups, (2) misinterpretation of wildlife trade data (and illegal trade data in particular), resulting in the mischaracterization of trade, and (3) misrepresentation of international policy processes and instruments. This is concerning because these studies may unwittingly misinform policymaking to the detriment of conservation, for example by undermining positive outcomes for species and people along wildlife supply chains. Moreover, these issues demonstrate flaws in the peer‐review process. As wildlife trade articles published in peer‐reviewed journals can be highly influential, we propose ways for authors, journal editors, database managers, and policymakers to identify, understand, and avoid these issues as we all work towards more sustainable futures.
Interleukin 36 expression in psoriasis variants and other dermatologic diseases with psoriasis‐like histopathologic features
Authors: Aquino Terese Monette , Calvarido Mary Grace , North Jeffrey P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundElevated epidermal interleukin (IL)‐36 expression distinguishes psoriasis from eczematous dermatitis, but other psoriasiform dermatitides (PDs) have not been thoroughly investigated for IL‐36 expression. In this study, we assess the IL‐36 staining pattern (IL36‐SP) in psoriasis variants and other PDs including lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), prurigo nodularis (PN), lichen planus (LP), tinea, pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP), mycosis fungoides (MF), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), impetigo (IMP), and syphilis (SY).MethodsIL‐36 immunostaining was performed on 307 cases of psoriasis and various PDs. IL36‐SP in the upper epidermis was graded on a scale of 0‐4.ResultsHigh IL36‐SP occurred in all variants of psoriasis, as well as in AGEP, PRP, PN, tinea, IMP, and LP (P > 0.05). SY, PF, LSC, and MF showed a lower IL36‐SP (P ≤ 0.05) compared with psoriasis.ConclusionAll variants of psoriasis exhibit high IL36‐SP. IL‐36 staining can assist in differentiating MF, PF, SY, and LSC from psoriasis, particularly MF and LSC, which have consistent low IL‐36 expression. AGEP, PRP, tinea, IMP, PN, and LP exhibit high IL‐36 expression similar to psoriasis, indicating Th17 activation in these diseases.
Functional development in children with cerebral palsy in Uganda: population‐based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Andrews Carin , Namaganda Lukia , Eliasson Ann‐Christin , Kakooza‐Mwesige Angelina , Forssberg Hans 
Published: August 2021

AimTo follow the functional development of a population‐based cohort of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Uganda and compare their development with the developmental trajectories of children from high‐income countries (HIC).MethodEighty‐one children (33 females, 48 males) aged 2 to 17 years (mean 8y 6mo, SD 4y 6mo) with CP were initially assessed in 2015 and then 4 years later using the 66‐item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM‐66), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, Ugandan version (PEDI‐UG), and functional classification systems. We calculated actual and reference scores (level of deviation from the developmental trajectories in HIC). A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for statistical analyses.ResultsChildren and young people with CP in Uganda exhibited no differences in scores between the first and second assessments for the GMFM‐66 and PEDI‐UG mobility skills, whereas they exhibited increased PEDI‐UG social function (p<0.001) and self‐care skills scores (p<0.001). Reference scores were more negative at the second assessment than at the first for the GMFM‐66 (p=0.002) and PEDI‐UG mobility (p=0.036) but not for PEDI‐UG self‐care. The increased difference in reference scores over the 4 years was primarily driven by younger children (2–5y) and children with milder impairments.InterpretationThe increased difference in reference scores between assessments suggests that children with CP in Uganda develop motor skills at a slower rate than peers in HIC. Limited access to health care and rehabilitation likely contributed to the lower scores and slower rate of development.
The effect of pre‐operative submucosal administration of dexamethasone, tramadol, articaine on the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block on mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aksoy Fatih , Ege Bilal , Tosun Samet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo establish the effects of submucosal tramadol, dexamethasone and articaine on the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANB) during root canal treatment of mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).MethodologyIn this randomized double‐blind, controlled clinical trial, 120 patients with the diagnosis of SIP in their mandibular first or second molars were included and randomly divided into four groups (n = 30). The control group received normal saline and three experimental groups received a single dose of dexamethasone (8 mg/2 mL), or tramadol (100 mg/2 mL) or articaine (4% / 2 mL). The pre‐operative pain levels of the patients were measured with the Heft‐Parker visual analogue scale (HP VAS). All patients received standard IANB of 4% articaine with 1:200000 epinephrine. Following the observation of lip numbness, submucosal injections were administered into the mucobuccal fold adjacent to the mandibular molars. After 15 min, standard root canal treatment was initiated, and the pain intensity levels recorded from the access cavity preparation to pulp extirpation were measured with HP VAS. The duration of the anaesthesia was also evaluated. The experimental groups were compared using one‐way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis H‐test. The groups that were significantly different were compared pairwise using the Tukey Multiple Comparison test. The Chi‐square test was used to compare the categorical variables.ResultsThe submucosal administration of articaine significantly increased the success rate to 63% in comparison with the control group that received submucosal saline (p < .05). The success rate of pulpal anaesthesia was 37% in the control group, 57% in the tramadol group and 47% in the dexamethasone group, with no significant difference in the success rate among these groups. In the dexamethasone group, the duration of the anaesthetic effect of IANB was significantly longer than those in the other groups (p < .001).ConclusionsIn patients with SIP, pre‐operative submucosal administration of articaine increased the success rate of IANB, while administration of dexamethasone increased the duration of anaesthesia. These agents can be used in cases where effective anaesthesia cannot be obtained during root canal treatments.
Localized scleroderma: actual insights and new biomarkers
Authors: Snarskaya Elena S. , Vasileva Kseniia D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLocalized scleroderma (LS, morphea, limited scleroderma, focal scleroderma) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive damage to the connective tissue with a predominance of fibrosclerotic disorders in the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. In addition surrounding structures may be affected: fascia, muscle, and bone tissues. This review reflects the current understanding about limited scleroderma, its pathogenesis, diagnosis, new biomarkers, and information about the possibilities of its transition to systemic scleroderma. The following new biomarkers have been identified: galactosylated IgG (Ig‐Gal), progranulin (PGRN), chemokine CCXL 18, various types of microRNA (miRNA‐let‐7a, miRNA‐7, miRNA‐196a, miRNA‐155, miRNA‐483‐5p), periostin, and myelin basic protein (MBP). Knowledge about new biomarkers of LS will help us to explore the patients’ predisposition to the development of systemic scleroderma. In addition, by acting on these biomarkers, it is possible to prevent the progression of LS in the early stages and its transition to systemic scleroderma. The review also presents the current understanding of autoantibodies in LS and their correlation with clinical signs of the disease.
Post‐chemotherapy alopecia: what the dermatologist needs to know
Authors: Santos Thuany Silva , Hernandéz Galvis Kely , Vañó Galván Sergio , Saceda‐Corralo David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is estimated that chemotherapy‐induced alopecia (CIA) occurs in 65% of chemotherapeutic patients. Forty‐seven percent of cancer patients consider hair loss to be the most traumatic aspect of therapy. CIA can be anticipated, depending on the regimen used, and doctors should be aware of the treatments that can minimize it. Careful evaluation before chemotherapy treatment should be performed, and trichoscopy may be useful. Dermatologists do not generally evaluate postchemotherapy alopecia. However, there is an increasing number of reports of permanent chemotherapy‐induced alopecia, and these patients require treatment.
National audit of a hereditary and acquired angioedema cohort in New Zealand
Authors: Lindsay Karen , Chua Ignatius , Jordan Anthony , Stephens Simone 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) leads to significant morbidity and mortality from unpredictable intermittent peripheral, abdominal and laryngeal swelling. Access to appropriate healthcare and effective therapies, which can prevent and treat attacks, reduce the suffering and greatly improve quality of life. Although treatments such as C1 inhibitor (Berinert), and Icatibant are available in New Zealand (Aotearoa), there are no published data available on their use.AimTo present a national audit of HAE and acquired angioedema (AAE) in 2019.MethodsPatients were identfied and demographical and clinical data on HAE were collected retrospectively by interview and notes review.ResultsThe total number of known adult (48) and children (3) HAE and AAE (3) patients is 54. Of these, 41/54 (75%) of HAE and AAE patients were recruited to the audit. Icatibant has been available for the treatment of acute HAE attacks since 2016, and is now used in 73% of HAE patients. Icatibant is also used by patients for laryngeal attacks in the community, who may not then present to hospital. Androgens are used in half of the patients as prophylaxis, but 33% of the latter were identified as not having regular liver ultrasound screening. Tranexamic acid is used as prophylaxis in one‐fifth of patients. Participants have had 40 children, half of whom may be affected. Three have been diagnosed with HAE, suggesting that the majority have not yet been tested.ConclusionsCorrective actions arising from this audit will improve our capacity to provide long‐term care for HAE patients and their families.
A Sanger sequencing protocol for SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐gene
Authors: Daniels Rodney S. , Harvey Ruth , Ermetal Burcu , Xiang Zheng , Galiano Monica , Adams Lorin , McCauley John W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe a Sanger sequencing protocol for SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐gene the Spike (S)‐glycoprotein product of which, composed of receptor‐binding (S1) and membrane fusion (S2) segments, is the target of vaccines used to combat COVID‐19. The protocol can be used in laboratories with basic Sanger sequencing capabilities and allows rapid “at source” screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, notably those of concern. The protocol has been applied for surveillance, with clinical specimens collected in either nucleic acid preservation lysis‐mix or virus transport medium, and research involving cultured viruses, and can yield data of public health importance in a timely manner.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals a high‐resolution cell atlas of xylem in Populus
Authors: Li Hui , Dai Xinren , Huang Xiong , Xu Mengxuan , Wang Qiao , Yan Xiaojing , Sederoff Ronald R. , Li Quanzi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh‐throughput single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) has advantages over traditional RNA‐seq to explore spatiotemporal information on gene dynamic expressions in heterogenous tissues. We performed Drop‐seq, a method for the dropwise sequestration of single cells for sequencing, on protoplasts from the differentiating xylem of Populus alba × Populus glandulosa. The scRNA‐seq profiled 9,798 cells, which were grouped into 12 clusters. Through characterization of differentially expressed genes in each cluster and RNA in situ hybridizations, we identified vessel cells, fiber cells, ray parenchyma cells and xylem precursor cells. Diffusion pseudotime analyses revealed the differentiating trajectory of vessels, fiber cells and ray parenchyma cells and indicated a different differentiation process between vessels and fiber cells, and a similar differentiation process between fiber cells and ray parenchyma cells. We identified marker genes for each cell type (cluster) and key candidate regulators during developmental stages of xylem cell differentiation. Our study generates a high‐resolution expression atlas of wood formation at the single cell level and provides valuable information on wood formation.
Burrow use and sexual dimorphism as indicators of the mating system in the symbiotic pea crab Austinixa patagoniensis (Rathbun 1918) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae)
Authors: João Marcio C. A. , Hernáez Patricio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrachyuran crabs of the family Pinnotheridae De Haan are a classic example of symbiotic lifestyle. Here, we described the host‐use pattern, relative growth and sexual dimorphism of Austinixa patagoniensis (Rathbun 1918), a symbiont of the ghost shrimp Callichirus major (Say 1818). We use these analyses to test the A. patagoniensis mating system considering that monogamous species inhabit their respective host as male–female pairs and have a low degree of sexual dimorphism. Austinixa patagoniensis showed a high social plasticity, with individuals inhabiting galleries in solitary, in pairs, in trios or in groups of up to eight crabs. While it is true that 38% of the burrows sampled harbored pairs of crabs, the body size of paired crabs from the opposite sex was poorly correlated. This suggests that heterosexual pairing is short term with frequent shifts among burrows by male and/or female crabs, as reported before for other symbiotic decapods in which the body size of paired crabs is poorly correlated. A considerable proportion of the ovigerous females (34%) were found living solitarily, which suggest that males abandon these females shortly after insemination. The sexual dimorphism in terms of body and cheliped size was evident in this species, a condition that argues in favor of male–male competition in A. patagoniensis. The observations above argue against the notion that A. patagoniensis is monogamous. Lastly, our results revealed that body size and chelipeds of males are not under sexual selection by females, thus reinforcing the idea that male–male competition is the mechanism behind sexual selection in A. patagoniensis.