bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon‐γ and IL‐5 associated cell‐mediated immune responses to HPV16 E2 and E6 distinguish between persistent oral HPV16 infections and noninfected mucosa
Authors: Paaso Anna , Koskimaa Hanna‐Mari , Welters Marij J. P. , Kero Katja , Rautava Jaana , Syrjänen Kari , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , Syrjänen Stina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesNatural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the head and neck region is poorly understood, and their impact on collective HPV‐specific immunity is not known.Materials and methodsIn this study, we have performed a systematic analysis of HPV16‐specific cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) in 21 women with known oral and genital HPV DNA status and HPV serology (Ab) based on 6‐year follow‐up data. These women being a subgroup from the Finnish Family HPV Study were recalled for blood sampling to be tested for their CMI‐responses to HPV16 E2, E6, and E7 peptides.ResultsThe results showed that HPV16 E2‐specific lymphocyte proliferation was more prevalent in women who tested HPV16 DNA negative in oral mucosa and were either HPV16 seropositive or negative than in HPV16 DNA+/Ab+ women (p = 0.046 and p = 0.035). In addition, the HPV16 DNA−/Ab− women most often displayed E6‐specific proliferation (p = 0.020). Proportional cytokine profiles indicated that oral HPV16‐negative women were characterized by prominent IFN‐γ and IL‐5 secretion not found in women with persisting oral HPV16 (p = 0.014 and p = 0.040, respectively).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the naturally arising immune response induced by oral HPV infections displays a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile while women with persisting oral HPV16 might have an impaired HPV16‐specific CMI, shifted partly toward a Th2 profile, similarly as seen earlier among patients with high‐grade genital HPV lesions. Thus, the lack of HPV 16 E2 and E6 specific T memory cells and Th2 cytokines might also predispose women for persistent oral HPV16 infection which might be related to the risk of cancer.
Steroid profiling of glucocorticoids in microdissected mouse brain across development
Authors: Hamden Jordan E. , Gray Katherine M. , Salehzadeh Melody , Kachkovski George V. , Forys Brandon J. , Ma Chunqi , Austin Suzanne H. , Soma Kiran K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCorticosterone is produced by the adrenal glands and also produced locally by other organs, such as the brain. Local levels of corticosterone in specific brain regions during development are not known. Here, we microdissected brain tissue and developed a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC‐MS/MS) to measure a panel of seven steroids (including 11‐deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone, and 11‐dehydrocorticosterone (DHC) in the blood, hippocampus (HPC), cerebral cortex (CC), and hypothalamus (HYP) of mice at postnatal day (PND) 5, 21, and 90. In a second cohort of mice, we measured the expression of three genes that code for steroidogenic enzymes that regulate corticosterone levels (Cyp11b1, Hsd11b1, and Hsd11b2) in the HPC, CC, and HYP. There were region‐specific patterns of steroid levels across development, including higher corticosterone levels in the HPC and HYP than in the blood at PND5. In contrast, corticosterone levels were higher in the blood than in all brain regions at PND21 and PND90. Brain corticosterone levels were not positively correlated with blood corticosterone levels, and correlations across brain regions increased with age. Local corticosterone levels were best predicted by local DOC levels at PND5, but by local DHC levels at PND21 and PND90. Transcripts for the three enzymes were detectable in all samples (with highest expression of Hsd11b1) and showed region‐specific changes with age. These data demonstrate that individual brain regions fine‐tune local levels of corticosterone during early development and that coupling of glucocorticoid levels across regions increases with age.
Comorbid seizure reduction after pallidothalamic tractotomy for movement disorders: Revival of Jinnai’s Forel‐H‐tomy
Authors: Horisawa Shiro , Miyao Satoru , Hori Tomokatsu , Kohara Kotaro , Kawamata Takakazu , Taira Takaomi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForel‐H‐tomy for intractable epilepsy was introduced by Dennosuke Jinnai in the 1960s. Recently, Forel‐H‐tomy was renamed to “pallidothalamic tractotomy” and revived for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Two of our patients with movement disorders and comorbid epilepsy experienced significant seizure reduction after pallidothalamic tractotomy, demonstrating the efficacy of this method. The first was a 29‐year‐old woman who had temporal lobe epilepsy with focal impaired awareness seizure once every three months and an aura 10‐20 times daily, even with four antiseizure medicines. For the treatment of hand dyskinesia, she underwent left pallidothalamic tractotomy and her right‐hand dyskinesia significantly improved. Fourteen months later, she had experienced no focal impaired awareness seizure and the aura decreased to one to three times per month. The second case was that of a 15‐year‐old boy diagnosed with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, who developed generalized tonic‐clonic seizure, which manifested once every month, despite treatment with five antiseizure medicines. After surgery, myoclonic movements in his right hand slightly improved. A one‐year follow‐up revealed that he had not experienced a generalized tonic‐clonic seizure. The lesion locations in the two cases were close to the vicinity of Jinnai's Forel‐H‐tomy. Forel's field H deserves reconsideration as a treatment target for intractable epilepsy.
Negative mood regulation expectancies moderate the effect of childhood maltreatment on compulsive buying
Authors: Kaur Kiran , Mearns Jack 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTwo studies investigated childhood maltreatment, alexithymia—the inability to identify one's mood—and negative mood regulation expectancies (NMRE)—confidence that one can alleviate one's negative moods—as predictors of compulsive buying (CB).MethodParticipants were recruited from internet CB forums and undergraduate psychology classes. Online, they completed questionnaires and a behavioral task that assessed impulsive spending.ResultsIn Study 1 (N = 646), analyses indicated that NMRE, alexithymia, and childhood maltreatment were significant independent predictors of CB. For Study 2, a subset of participants from the Study 1 pool (N = 295) who met the criterion for clinical levels of CB were selected, based on their self‐report. Analyses revealed that NMRE buffered the effect of maltreatment: among participants with high NMRE—higher levels of maltreatment were associated with minimal increases in CB and impulsive spending behavior.ConclusionBeing confident that one can control one's unpleasant moods was a protective factor from the maladaptive consequences of childhood maltreatment. Increasing NMRE early in psychotherapy for CB may result in clients' using more adaptive coping strategies.
Effects of glycine on cell growth and pigment biosynthesis in Rhodobacter azotoformans
Authors: Yue Huiying , Zhao Chungui , Yang Suping , Jia Yaqiong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effect of exogenous glycine (a precursor for the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll) on the cell growth and photopigment accumulation was investigated in phototrophic growing Rhodobacter azotoformans 134K20. The growth rate and the biomass of strain 134K20 were significantly inhibited by glycine addition when ammonium sulfate or glutamate were used as nitrogen sources and acetate or succinate as carbon sources. A characteristic absorption maximum at approximately 423 nm was present in the absorption spectra of glutamate cultures while it was absent by the addition of high‐concentration glycine of 15 mM. The component account for the 423 nm peak was eventually identified as magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester, a precursor of bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a). Comparative analysis of pigment composition revealed that the amount of BChl a precursors was significantly decreased by the addition of 15‐mM glycine while the BChl a accumulation was increased. Moreover, glycine changed the carotenoid compositions and stimulated the accumulation of spheroidene. The A850/A875 in the growth‐inhibited cultures was increased, indicating an increased level of the light‐harvesting complex 2 compared to the reaction center. The exogenous glycine possibly played an important regulation role in photosynthesis of purple bacteria.
Developing a theory of brand hate: Where are we now?
Authors: Kucuk S. Umit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the similarities and differences between the antecedents and consequences of the brand hate studies done to date. The literature review reveals that “ideologic/identity mismatch” antecedents have deeper and broader implications for markets; therefore, brands should examine their ideological stance and identity perceptions closely to eliminate any future brand hate situations. Furthermore, “attack” type consequences might create severe public insults and the destruction of the brand image in the eyes of consumers. Potential antecedent and consequential interventions were also addressed in order to facilitate better functioning market relationships.
Anti‐consumption in the context of brand relationships
Authors: Fetscherin Marc , KC Raghabendra P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a conceptual framework that outlines the various brand relationships consumers have with a special focus on negative brand relationships, and those that relate to anti‐brand behaviors. Based on the empathy map, the framework consists of four main parts: how consumers think (share of mind) and feel (share of the heart) about brands, which in turn affect what consumers say (share of voice) and do (share of wallet) with the brands. The framework combines more than 40 branding concepts into one comprehensive, coherent, unified and easy‐to‐understand framework where concepts are categorized by their degree of intensity.
Antecedents of luxury brand hate: A quantitative study
Authors: Bryson Douglas , Atwal Glyn , Hultén Peter , Heine Klaus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study analyses the relationships of the antecedents of “extreme negative affect” toward luxury brands. The results show that the first‐order predictors of luxury brand hate were negative stereotypes of people who use the luxury brand, consumer dissatisfaction with the brand, and negative word‐of‐mouth. The following three strategic approaches: (a) proactive, (b) neutral, and (c) reactive can be considered as a template to address the causes and implications of brand hate.
Anti‐consumer ethics: What consumers will not do for ethical reasons
Authors: Muncy James A. , Iyer Rajesh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe exploratory study examines the intersection of anti‐consumption and consumer ethics. It focuses on categories of products and services that consumers refuse to consume for moral or ethical reasons. We asked 292 respondents to indicate a product or service that they choose not to buy for ethical or moral reasons and what those reasons are. Harm was a significant determinant of these consumer's decisions not to buy. Reasons tended to be more of a micro, individualistic nature and usually did not reflect macro, societal level concerns. These results suggest that consumers are interested more in avoiding unethical behavior than in shopping for a better world. Managers should, therefore, make sure that their products are not seen as unethical.
Antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic activity of Mayan plant foods in rodent models
Authors: Uuh‐Narvaez Jonatan Jafet , Negrete‐León Elizabeth , Acevedo‐Fernández Juan José , Segura‐Campos Maira Rubí 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPostprandial hyperglycemia and decreased insulin secretion are relevant to risk factors in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Plant foods with antidiabetic properties could be an affordable alternative in the prevention and treatment of this disease. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic activity of Bixa orellana, Psidium guajava L., Cucurbita moschata, Raphanus sativus L. and Brassica oleracea var. capitata – Mayan plant foods – were evaluated at doses of 5 and 10 mg kg−1. Antihyperglycemic activity was measured in healthy Wistar rats and those with obesity induced by high‐sucrose diet (group HSD) (20%). The hypoglycemic activity was measure in healthy CD1 mice.RESULTSFasting glucose, Lee index and the body weight of HSD rats increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after 12 weeks of induction compared to healthy rats. In healthy rats, P. guajava and Bixa orellana (10 mg kg−1) demonstrated higher and statistically different (P ≤ 0.05) antihyperglycemic activity compared to control acarbose (0.5 mg kg−1). In the HSD rat group, all Mayan plant foods (10 mg kg−1 ) demonstrated antihyperglycemic activity statistically equal (P ≤ 0.05) to control acarbose. However, Brassica oleracea and R. sativus registered the highest antihyperglycemic activity. Bixa orellana and P. guajava (5 mg kg−1) showed similar hypoglycemic activity (P ≤ 0.05) to glibenclamide (0.5 mg kg−1) but was not significant (P ≤ 0.05) compared to insulin (5 UI kg−1).CONCLUSIONThe present study provides valuable evidence on the possible health benefits of Mayan plant foods. These foods could contribute to the development of therapeutic diet strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of high‐pressure pre‐soaking on texture and retrogradation properties of parboiled rice
Authors: Wu Zeyu , He Yiwen , Yan Weilong , Zhang Wencheng , Liu Xuewu , Hui Ailing , Wang Haiyan , Li Honghong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe poor palatability, low digestibility, and unpleasant color of parboiled rice (PR) have severely hampered its acceptance by consumers. It is hence necessary and urgent to develop a new method for producing high‐quality PR. In the current study, the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) pre‐soaking on the color, textural properties, and the degree of retrogradation of PR was investigated.RESULTSWith HHP from 100 to 500 MPa, the water adsorption rate increased and cooking time decreased. Parboiled rice samples presented higher lightness scores (L) and had lower color intensity (B). Compared with a control group, PR samples treated with high‐pressure pre‐soaking showed a reduction of hardness values from 0.69% to 32.99%, and gumminess values also decreased from 8.58% to 33.62%. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the enthalpy values of PR samples decreased after high pressure pre‐soaking. The molecular structure of PR characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry confirmed that HHP pre‐soaking could decrease the retrogradation level.CONCLUSIONThe findings outlined above suggest that the texture and retrogradation properties of PR were improved after high‐pressure pre‐soaking. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Densely sampled spectral modulation for x‐ray CT using a stationary modulator with flying focal spot: a conceptual and feasibility study of scatter and spectral correction
Authors: Gao Hewei , Zhang Tao , Bennett N. Robert , Wang Adam S. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeModulation of the x‐ray source in computed tomography (CT) by a designated filter to achieve a desired distribution of photon flux has been greatly advanced in recent years. In this work, we present a densely sampled spectral modulation (DSSM) as a promising low‐cost solution to quantitative CT imaging in the presence of scatter. By leveraging a special stationary filter (namely a spectral modulator) and a flying focal spot, DSSM features a strong correlation in the scatter distributions across focal spot positions and sees no substantial projection sparsity or misalignment in data sampling, making it possible to simultaneously correct for scatter and spectral effects in a unified framework.MethodsThe concept of DSSM is first introduced, followed by an analysis of the design and benefits of using the stationary spectral modulator with a flying focal spot (SMFFS) that dramatically changes the data sampling and its associated data processing. With an assumption that the scatter distributions across focal spot positions have strong correlation, a scatter estimation and spectral correction algorithm from DSSM is then developed, where a dual‐energy modulator along with two flying focal spot positions is of interest. Finally, a phantom study on a tabletop cone‐beam CT system is conducted to understand the feasibility of DSSM by SMFFS, using a copper modulator and by moving the x‐ray tube position in the X direction to mimic the flying focal spot.ResultsBased on our analytical analysis of the DSSM by SMFFS, the misalignment of low‐ and high‐energy projection rays can be reduced by a factor of more than 10 when compared with a stationary modulator only. With respect to modulator design, metal materials such as copper, molybdenum, silver, and tin could be good candidates in terms of energy separation at a given attenuation of photon flux. Physical experiments using a Catphan phantom as well as an anthropomorphic chest phantom demonstrate the effectiveness of DSSM by SMFFS with much better CT number accuracy and less image artifacts. The root mean squared error was reduced from 297.9 to 6.5 Hounsfield units (HU) for the Catphan phantom and from 409.3 to 39.2 HU for the chest phantom.ConclusionsThe concept of DSSM using a SMFFS is proposed. Phantom results on its scatter estimation and spectral correction performance validate our main ideas and key assumptions, demonstrating its potential and feasibility for quantitative CT imaging.
Protective effect of baicalin against pulmonary arterial hypertension vascular remodeling through regulation of TNF‐α signaling pathway
Authors: Xue Xia , Zhang Shanshan , Jiang Wen , Wang Jue , Xin Qian , Sun Chao , Li Kailin , Qi Tonggang , Luan Yun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive cardiovascular disease with high mortality. However, there were no efficient medical drugs for PAH to enormously improve the survival and quality of life measures. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of baicalin against experimental PAH in vivo and vitro. All the experimental rats received intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT) to induce PAH model. Baicalin was given by intragastric administration from 2 days after MCT injection. Forty animals were randomly divided into four groups: Control, MCT, saline‐, and baicalin‐treated groups (n = 10 in each). Post‐operation, hemodynamic data, and index of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVHI) were recorded to evaluate the inhibition of baicalin on MCT‐induced PAH. Furthermore, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) model induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) was used to observe the inhibition of vascular cells proliferation in vitro. The results demonstrated that baicalin significantly attenuated MCT‐induced right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the index of right ventricular hypertrophy, and vessel wall thickness; inhibit inflammatory and cell proliferation induced by MCT or TNF‐α, respectively. In addition, we found that baicalin might protect against experimental PAH via regulating the TNF‐α/BMPR2 signaling pathway.
Grundsätzliche Untersuchungen zum seismischen Verhalten schienengebundener mobiler Großgeräte der Fördertechnik
Authors: Groß Mirjam , Gaube David , Sadegh‐Azar Hamid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMobile Großgeräte (u. a. Containerkrane, Schaufelradgeräte, Schiffsbelader, Absetzer) sind für die globale Wirtschaft von großer Bedeutung. Zunehmend werden sie aufgrund immer knapper werdender Rohstoffe in seismisch aktiven Gebieten, in denen noch Vorräte schlummern, eingesetzt. Das seismische Verhalten dieser nicht verankerten Strukturen unterscheidet sich durch die Möglichkeit des Abhebens grundlegend von konventionellen Bauwerken und eine zutreffende und wirtschaftliche erdbebengerechte Auslegung ist nach derzeit geltenden Erdbebennormen weltweit kaum möglich. In diesem Beitrag werden die allgemeine Normensituation, der Stand der Forschung und bereits bekannte Versagensmechanismen von mobilen Großgeräten unter seismischer Anregung beleuchtet sowie Modellierungs‐ und Berechnungsansätze zur grundsätzlichen Untersuchung des seismischen Verhaltens von schienengebundenen mobilen Großgeräten der Fördertechnik am Beispiel typischer Schaufelradgeräte abgeleitet.
Meta‐analysis and risk assessment of fluoride contamination in groundwater
Authors: Islam Md. Shajedul , Mostafa M. G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to carry out a systematic review of meta‐analysis and risk assessment of the global pooled concentration of fluoride and identify the influencing factors of fluoride loads in groundwater. The study extracted data from 36 most prevalent regions of 20 countries in the world through various search engines using keywords as well as Boolean operators and follows the PRISMA statement in every phase of literature searching. The study illustrated the pooled concentration of fluoride in the selected 20 countries was 2.1267 mg/L (1.650, 2.604) at 95% confidence interval, which was higher than the WHO standards limit of 1.5 mg/L. The results of the meta‐analysis suggested that pH, Na, HCO3 and rainfall was significantly positively correlated (r = ~0.4; p ˂ 0.05) to fluoride and has a weak correction with the other parameters such as local temperature, altitude, water depth, EC, Ca, and Mg (r = −0.064 to +0.214; p ˂ 0.05). Concerning, the risk assessment through oral and dermal route exposure revealed that the consumers in most of the regions were at considerable risk, and the children were more vulnerable than the adults (THQ > 1). The study findings would help to take measures for safe water supply in the affected areas.Practitioner points

The calculated pooled concentration of fluoride was 2.1267 mg/L (1.650, 2.604) at 95% CI in groundwater of the study areas.
Climatic conditions and lithological composition are the key controlling factors for groundwater fluoride contamination.
Semi‐arid and arid regions are significantly affected by fluoride rather than humid areas.
Regarding fluorosis in selected regions, children (78%) are more vulnerable than adults (23%).
Privacy-Oriented Analysis of Ubiquitous Computing Systems: A 5-D Approach
Authors: Solanas Agusti , Batista Edgar , Casino Fran , Papageorgiou Achilleas , Patsakis Constantinos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUbiquitous computing systems are commonplace. They have opened the door to great benefits for society as a whole. However, they have to be used with care, otherwise they can cause serious risks for their users. In this chapter, we analyze the privacy risks of ubiquitous computing systems from a new individual-centred perspective based on five privacy dimensions, namely identity, location, footprint, query and intelligence. We describe each dimension and provide an introductory view of the main privacy risks of these systems. Also, we discuss some of the challenges that derive from new trends in the field.