bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An altered microbiome in a Parkinson’s disease model Drosophila melanogaster has a negative effect on development
Authors: Parker-Character Jade , Hager David R. , Call Tanner B. , Pickup Zachary S. , Turnbull Scott A. , Marshman Evan M. , Korch Shaleen B. , Chaston John M. , Call Gerald B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is well-established that there are differences in the fecal microbiota composition between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and control populations, but the mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet fully understood. To begin to close the gap between description and mechanism we studied the relationship between the microbiota and PD in a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. First, fecal transfers were performed with a D. melanogaster model of PD that had a mutation in the parkin (park25) gene. Results indicate that the PD model feces had a negative effect on both pupation and eclosion in both control and park25 flies, with a greater effect in PD model flies. Analysis of the microbiota composition revealed differences between the control and park25 flies, consistent with many human studies. Conversely, gnotobiotic treatment of axenic embryos with feces-derived bacterial cultures did not affect eclosure. We speculate this result might be due to similarities in bacterial prevalence between mutant and control feces. Further, we confirmed a bacteria-potentiated impact on mutant and control fly phenotypes by measuring eclosure rate in park25flies that were mono-associated with members of the fly microbiota. Both the fecal transfer and the mono-association results indicate a host genotype-microbiota interaction. Overall, this study concludes functional effects of the fly microbiota on PD model flies, providing support to the developing body of knowledge regarding the influence of the microbiota on PD.
Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Behaviour Intentions Among The Youth In Kenya: A Vaccine Pre-Introduction Study
Authors: Osur Joachim O. , Chengo Rehema , Muinga Evelyne , Kemboi Jackline , Sidibe Myriam , Rarieya Maggie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has become a public health concern globally with increased numbers of cases of the disease and deaths reported daily. The key strategy for the prevention of COVID-19 disease is to enhance mass COVID-19 vaccination. However, mass vaccination faces challenges of hesitation to acceptance of the vaccine in the community. The youths may not be among the vulnerable population to adverse effects of COVID-19 but are highly susceptible to contracting the virus. The aim of the study was to assess COVID-19 vaccine youth behavior intentions and their determinants in Kenya. Methods: The study used a mixed method study design, employing a cross-sectional survey and focused group discussions across 47 counties in Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural settings. The interviewees were youths aged 18-35, registered in online platforms that included Shujaaz, Brck Moja, Aiffluence, Y Act and Heroes for Change. Quantitative data was collected using Google docs while the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were done virtually. A total of 637 interviews and 4 FGDs were done. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA version 16. Qualitative data was analyzed using MAXQDA software.Results: The findings of the study indicated that only 42% of the youths were ready to be vaccinated, 52% were not ready to be vaccinated adopting wait and see approach to what happens to those who had received the vaccine, and 6% were totally not willing to be vaccinated. The determinants of behavior intention among the youths were; the perceived effects the vaccine on health, lack of adequate information about the COVID-19 vaccine, too much conflicting information about COVID-19 vaccine from the social media, religion, education level, perceived risk of contracting the COVID-19 disease, efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine, gender, trust in the ministry of health, and the belief that the COVID-19 vaccine was harmful to the populations.Conclusion: The Vaccine hesitancy among the youths was found to be 58%. The Hesitancy is higher among females, protestants, those with post-secondary education. Lack of information and concerns around vaccine safety and effectiveness were main cause of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the youths. Social media was the major source of information contributing to hesitancy. Other contributors included; low trust in the MoH, belief that mass vaccination is not helpful
Hepatic Compartment Syndrome Treated with Damage Control Surgery and Transarterial Embolization: A Case Report
Authors: Fujita Motoo , Sato Takeaki , takase Kei , Sato Tomomi , Furukawa Hajime , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background: Hepatic compartment syndrome (HCS) is a complication of nonoperative management in patients with blunt hepatic injury. Although decompression of elevated intrahepatic pressure through surgical exploration or drainage and hemorrhage control are required to manage this condition, evidence for such a management for this complication is insufficient. Herein, we report a pediatric patient treated with a planned combination strategy of surgical decompression with perihepatic packing to reduce intrahepatic pressure and subcapsular hemorrhage control as well as angioembolization to control intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy was referred to our emergency department 5 h after sustaining severe bruising in the upper abdomen in a traffic accident. Computed tomography (CT) showed an intraparenchymal hematoma in the right lobe of the liver; nonoperative management was selected based on stable hemodynamic status. Two days after the injury, he complained of severe abdominal pain and shock. CT showed an intraparenchymal and large subcapsular hematoma with right branch compression of the portal vein and extravasation of contrast material. Laboratory data showed progression of hepatocellular damage. We successfully managed this patient with a planned combination strategy of surgical decompression with perihepatic packing for reduction of intrahepatic pressure and subcapsular hemorrhage control, followed by angioembolization for control of intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Conclusion: Our study suggests that for the management of HCS, a planned combination strategy of damage control surgery and angioembolization is a therapeutic option.
Atomic, surface morphology, structural and electrochemical properties of silver nanoparticles-polypyrrole composite film grown on cellulosic paper substrate
Authors: HAMAM Abderrazak , Maiza Mounira , Chehimi Mohamed Mehdi , Oukil Dahbia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we describe a simple strategy for the preparation of a low-cost electrode material based on polypyrrole (PPy) film grown on an insulating cellulosic paper substrate (Pap) via in-situ oxidative polymerization technique and functionalized by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) uniformly dispersed on its surface. The properties of the obtained AgNPs-PPy composites were characterized using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (DRX) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SIE).
Power Minimization of UAV-Assisted Full-Duplex Mobile Relaying via Hybrid Trajectory Design
Authors: Ji Xiaodong , Wang Tao , Qian Chong , Huang Chenhao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper solved a propulsion power minimization problem subject to a total data-bits constraint of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled full-duplex mobile relaying system, where a full-duplex UAV relay is dispatched as a mobile relay to assist data transfer from a source to a destination by using three trajectory flying modes, namely, the UAV first flies in a circle above the source, next flies to the destination in a straight line, and finally flies in a circle above the destination until all the data bits has been transferred. Since the propulsion power minimization problem is a non-convex mixed integer programming problem and its closed-form solution is hard to obtain, it is transformed to three sub-problems so as to simplify its solution. After solving the three sub-problems, an iterative algorithm is proposed to achieve a sub-optimal solution to the propulsion power minimization problem, leading to a new hybrid circular/straight trajectory (HCST) design. Computer simulations are conducted and the results validated the proposed HCST design. It is shown that compared to the straight or circular flight trajectory design, the HCST performs well in terms of energy saving for the long distance and big data communication cases.
Lessons learned from the first 50 COVID-19 critical care transfer missions conducted by a civilian UK Helicopter Emergency Medical Service
Authors: Jeyanathan Jey , Bootland Duncan , Al-Rais Andrew , Leung Jonathan , Wijesuriya Julian , Banks Luke , Breen Tom , DeCoverly Richard , Curtis Leigh , McHenry Allan , Wright David , Griggs Jo , Lyon Richard M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed exceptional demand on Intensive Care Units, necessitating the critical care transfer of patients on a regional and national scale. Performing these transfers required specialist expertise and involved moving patients over significant distances. Air Ambulance Kent Surrey Sussex (AAKSS) created a designed critical care transfer team and was one of the first civilian air ambulances in the United Kingdom to move ventilated COVID-19 patients by air. We describe the practical set up of such a service and the key lessons learned from the first 50 transfers.
Methods
Retrospective review of air critical care transfer service set up and case review of first 50 transfers.
Results
We describe key elements of the critical care transfer service, including coordination and activation; case interrogation; workforce; training; equipment; aircraft modifications; human factors and clinical governance. A total of 50 missions are described between 18 December 2020 and 1 February 2021. The mean age of these patients was 58 years (29–83). 30 (60%) were male and 20 (40%) were female. The mean total mission cycle (time of referral until the time team declared free at receiving hospital) was 264 minutes (range 149–440 min). The mean time spent at the referring hospital prior to leaving for the receiving unit was 72 minutes (31–158). The mean transfer transit time between referring and receiving units was 72 minutes (9–182).
Conclusion
Critically ill COVID-19 patients have highly complex medical needs during transport. Critical care transfer of COVID-19-positive patients by civilian HEMS services, including air-transfer, can be achieved safely with specific planning, protocols and pre-cautions. Regional planning of COVID-19 critical care transfers is required to optimise the time available of critical care transfer teams.
Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire: Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation in Italian Athletes With Musculoskeletal Injuries
Authors: Monticone Marco , DOVER Geoffrey , MASSIDDA Myosotis , GIORDANO Andrea , FRANCHIGNONI Franco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate an Italian version of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ-I).Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of the psychometric properties of the AFAQ-I in athletes with musculoskeletal injuries, culturally adapting it in accordance with international standards. Psychometric evaluation included exploratory factor analysis, reliability (internal consistency [Cronbach’s alpha], inter-item correlation, and test–retest reliability [intra-class correlation coefficient]). To examine construct validity, we compared (Spearman rank correlation) the AFAQ-I with a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire subscales (Physical Activity, FABQ-PA; and Work, FABQ-W). We evaluated sensitivity to change through the minimum detectable change (MDC).Results. The AFAQ-I was administered to 133 university athletes with musculoskeletal injuries (26 females, mean age 25.3 ± 5 years, mean average pain duration 5.6 ± 8.7 months), and resulted acceptable. Factor analysis revealed a 1-factor 10-item solution (explained variance: 53%). Internal consistency was 0.78; average inter-item correlation 0.27; test–retest reliability ICC(2,1) 0.95. As hypothesized a priori, construct validity showed moderate correlations of the AFAQ-I with NPRS (ρ = 0.42), PCS (ρ = 0.59), FABQ-PA (ρ = 0.40) and FABQ-W (ρ = 0.34). The MDC was 4.42 points.Conclusion. The AFAQ-I is a valid Italian translation of AFAQ and demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties. We can recommend its use for clinical and research purposes.
Genetic Association of Interkeukin-21 and Interleukin-23 Receptor Polymorphisms With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Iranian Population
Authors: Azadeh Nazanin , Aflaki Elham , Nazarinia Mohammad Ali , Shenavandeh Saeedeh , Malekmakan Mohammad Reza , Sarvestani Eskandar Kamali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: T helper 17 (Th17) is believed to play a crucial role in pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our study aimed to detect the potential association of IL-21 and IL-23R polymorphisms with susceptibility to SLE. Method: Two hundreds and ten patients with SLE and the same number of matched controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction to detect two polymorphisms of IL-21 and one polymorphism of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R). Clinical data was collected from patients’ archives. Results: IL-21 polymorphisms (rs4833837 C/T and rs2055979 G/T) did not show any association with the disease susceptibility (p= 0.54 and p= 0.49, respectively). Comparison of patients with rs2055979GG and T allele carriers showed higher frequency of rs2055979GG genotype in patients with pleurisy compared to the ones without pleurisy (p=0.004). In addition, categorization of IL-23R rs10889677 to GG and T allele carriers (TT+TG) showed an association between TT+TG genotypes and susceptibility to SLE (p=0.0002). Moreover, a significant association was found between the inheritance of rs10889677GG+TG genotypes and presence of mucosal ulcers in SLE patients (p=0.01).Discussion: The results showed that the lower IL-21 producer rs2055979GG genotype was associated to pleurisy. Lower IL-21 serum levels in patients with rs2055979GG genotype may lead to more frequent pulmonary infections and an increased risk of pleurisy. Association of high+ intermediate IL-23R producer genotypes (rs10889677TT+TG) with SLE may be explained by possible overactivation of Th17 cells. Higher activity of Th17 cells may also explain the over representation of mucosal ulcer in patients with high producer genotype of IL-23R.
Efficacy and Safety of ACEIs/ARBs in Patients with COVID-19 Combined with Chronic Kidney Disease: a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Jing , Li Xueying , Mao Nan , Ren Sichong , Fan junming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the control measure taken against the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) at global level, the pandemic has started to rebound and transmitted rapidly worldwide due to the delta strain. This strain is more virulent than the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. The approved vaccines or drugs can reduce mortality; still various efforts are being made to seek a complete cure. Currently, it remains controversial whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) are useful in managing COVID-19 patients having comorbidities like chronic kidney disease(CKD). Evidence concerning the application of ACEIs/ARBs needs to be established through advanced meta-analyses and systematic reviews.Methods/design:This study is designed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The studies published from December 1, 2019, to August 31, 2021 will be considered. The primary databases such as Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be included, and meeting records and grey literature databases will be retrieved to compare at least two terminations or discontinued ACEIs or ARBs in clinical intervention studies. The primary results will include kidney function biomarkers, blood pressure, and long-term mortality or hospital admission severity. Pairwise random effects and meta-analyses will be performed for the selected literature using RevMan (V.5.3). The bias risk evaluation, heterogeneity, consistency, transitivity, and evidence quality will be followed as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions suggestions.Discussion: This review will use a structured and effective method to analyze the effectiveness and security of ACEIs and ARBs in treating COVID-19 patients with CKD. Research results can present valuable evidence for patients, clinicians, researchers, or decision-makers.Systerm review: PROSPERO registration number CRD42021268701.
Tumor hypoxia drives suppressor function in exhausted T cells limiting antitumor immunity
Authors: Delgoffe Greg , Vignali Paolo , DePeaux Kristin , Watson McLane , Lontos Konstantinos , McGaa Nicole , Scharping Nicole , Menk Ashley 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
While CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are clearly critical for identification and elimination of cancer cells, factors concentrated within the tumor microenvironment drive their altered differentiation to a hypofunctional, short-lived state termed exhaustion. Exhaustion is a progressive lineage, and it is now clear that the most terminally exhausted T (tTexh) cells are not the targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy but rather serve as factors that limit immunotherapeutic efficacy. Compared directly, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ tTexh cells bear notable phenotypic similarity to CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, suggesting beyond loss of proinflammatory function, tTexh cells may be directly anti-functional and constrain tumor specific immunity. Here we show, when isolated from the same tumor microenvironment, terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells carried similar capacity to suppress T cell proliferation as CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Unlike Treg cells, tTexh cells suppress solely via the ectonucleotidase CD39, which serves to deplete extracellular ATP (eATP) and produce an adenosinergic environment. CD39 expression in tTexh cells is driven by exposure to tumor hypoxia, such that therapeutic targeting of hypoxia limits tTexh suppression and support responses to immunotherapy. Specific deletion of CD39 in CD8+ T cells slows tumor progression and improves response to checkpoint blockade, highlighting a major role for immunosuppression by exhausted T cells in cancer. Thus, tTexh cells are an unappreciated immunoregulatory population and for full immunotherapeutic efficacy, strategies should be designed to either limit their generation, reprogram their immunosuppressive nature, or remove them from the tumor microenvironment.
Positive Coping Styles Reduction in Elderly End Stage Renal Disease Patients: Mediating Role of White-Matter Mean Diffusivity
Authors: Gu Meiling , Zhao Yane , Jin Dongsheng , Zhong Yuan , Zhang Huixin , Tong Fupei , Wu Jianze , Chen Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
End-stage renal disease patients are usually accompanied by abnormalities in white matter microstructure. However. Whether WM changes are different from prior studies and the correlation between the abnormal WM structure and emotion regulation strategies and coping characteristics in elderly ESRD patients remain unclear. Twenty-eight patients and twenty-eight healthy controls (HC) were included in our study. We used Tract-based spatial statistic (TBSS) to investigate the microstructural changes of WM. Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to measure emotional regulation strategies and coping styles. Our study revealed the damage of WM structure was widespread and there were differences in emotional regulation strategies and coping styles compared elderly ESRD patients with HC. Furthermore, positive coping style and cognitive reappraisal are significantly correlated with changes in WM microstructure. Mediating analysis showed that the mean diffusivity (MD) of the significantly different brain regions played a complete mediating role between group and positive coping style. Taken together, our results may provide a new diagnostic marker to explore the characteristics of WM damage, emotion regulation and coping style in elderly ESRD patients during hemodialysis.
Determinants of Scavenger Receptor Expression Levels in Human Macrophages
Authors: Ralefatane Maile , Cave Eleanor , Crowther Nigel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Atherosclerosis involves the accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL)-laden foam cells (FC) within the blood vessel intima. Macrophages are transformed to FCs by the uptake of OxLDL, a process mediated by scavenger receptors (SRs), which include MSR1, CD36 and CD68. Atherosclerosis differs in prevalence across ethnic groups, being less common in African than Indian or European populations. Therefore, our aim was to measure SRs gene expression from macrophages isolated from these three ethnic groups.
Methods

Ten participants were recruited from each ethnic group (African, European and Indian). Anthropometry and fasting serum lipid and glucose levels were measured. Monocytes were isolated from whole blood and converted to macrophages using standard cell culture procedures. Macrophage RNA was isolated, and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Relative gene expression was calculated using the ∆∆Ct relative quantification method with β-actin used as the normalization control. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of macrophage SRs expression.
Results

Expression of the CD36 gene correlated with age (β = 0.33, p = 0.02), LDL (β = 0.29, p = 0.03) and CD68 expression (β = 0.57, p < 0.001). Expression of CD68 correlated with triglycerides (β = 0.45, p = 0.005) and European ethnicity (β = 0.56, p < 0.001). Expression levels of MSR1 correlated positively with LDL (β = 0.27, p = 0.01) and negatively with HDL (β=-0.33, p = 0.003) and African ethnicity (β=-0.73, p < 0.001).
Conclusions

These data suggest that serum lipids may modulate foam cell formation via effects on macrophage SRs gene expression. Furthermore, ethnic differences in atherosclerotic plaque formation may be mediated through differential CD68 and MSR1 expression levels within macrophages.