bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site Amplification at Permanent Stations in Northeastern Italy
Authors: Klin Peter , Laurenzano Giovanna , Barnaba Carla , Priolo Enrico , Parolai Stefano 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe application of earthquake recordings to the estimation of an event’s magnitude and the construction of rapid-response ground-motion maps requires an adequate classification of the recording stations in terms of their site response. For permanent stations, this information can be obtained from a sufficiently large database of past recordings.In this work, we analyze more than 7300 three-component recordings collected between 1996 and 2017 by 67 permanent stations in northeastern Italy to assess their site amplification. The signals come from 368 earthquakes with a magnitude range of M 3.2–5.8 and a distance range of 10–300 km. We evaluate the frequency-dependent amplification function with respect to a reference station with a flat seismic noise horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio. The evaluation relies on the decomposition of the S-wave amplitude spectra in terms of source, propagation, and site response. We solve the decomposition with a nonparametric, single-step generalized inversion in the frequency band 0.5–20 Hz. In addition, we compute the amplification factors for peak ground acceleration and velocity with respect to a well-established ground-motion prediction equation. The results highlight that only 11 stations show a relatively flat unitary response with respect to the reference site, whereas the frequency-averaged amplification function at 23 out of 67 stations exhibits a value larger than 2. We classified the sites according to their surface geology and geomorphological scenario and found that amplification affects not only stations installed on the alluvial soil but also several stations installed on what are assumed to be rock sites. Sites in caves and mines exhibit deamplification, whereas the stations with sensors in boreholes exhibit the typical interference pattern. A good correlation between the amplification factors and the frequency-averaged amplification functions suggests the possibility of predicting time-domain peak ground-motion values from amplification functions estimated by generalized inversion.
Stress Drop Derived from Spectral Analysis Considering the Hypocentral Depth in the Attenuation Model: Application to the Ridgecrest Region, California
Authors: Bindi Dino , Razafindrakoto Hoby N. T. , Picozzi Matteo , Oth Adrien 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the impact of considering a depth-dependent attenuation model on source parameters assessed through a spectral decomposition. In particular, we evaluate the effect of considering the hypocentral depth as an additional variable for the attenuation model, using as the target the tendency of the average stress drop to increase with depth, as observed in recent studies. We analyze the Fourier spectra of S-wave windows for about 1900 earthquakes with a magnitude above 2.5 recorded in the Ridgecrest region, southern California. Two different parameterizations of the attenuation term are implemented in the spectral decomposition, either as a function of the hypocentral distance alone or as a function of both epicentral distance and depth. The comparison of the spectral attenuation curves shows that, although the hypocentral model describes, on average, the range of values spanned by the attenuation curve for different depths, systematic differences with distance, depth, and frequency are observed. These differences are transferred to the source spectra and, in turn, to the source parameters extracted from the best-fitting ω−2 models. In particular, stress drops for events deeper than 7 km are, on average, almost double even when depth is introduced explicitly in the attenuation model. The increase of stress drop with depth is confirmed also after accounting for the increase of the shear velocity with depth, which absorbs about 30%–40% of the total increase. Moreover, a qualitative comparison with a model for the gradient of the effective normal stress confirms the reliability of the observed trend. Finally, the coherent spatial patterns shown by a simplified 2D tomographic representation of the spectral residuals highlights the impact on ground-shaking variability of the lateral variability of the crustal attenuation properties in the region.
Descriptive assessment of graduates' perceptions of pharmacy-related competencies based on the Lebanese pharmacy core competencies framework
Authors: Zeenny Rony M. , Akel Marwan , Hajj Aline , Sacre Hala , Hallit Souheil , Salameh Pascale 
Published: June 2021

Background: Pharmacists possess a unique and complex body of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors necessary to enable them to optimize health outcomes. Pharmacy organizations publish routinely updated versions of professional competencies that help pharmacy schools integrate advances into their curricula. In Lebanon, no national framework for pharmacy education is officially adopted yet. In 2017, the Official Pharmacists’ Association in Lebanon [OPL - Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon] took the initiative to develop a pharmacy core competency framework.
Objective: The primary objective of this survey was to evaluate graduates' perceptions of pharmacy-related competencies “taught” across Lebanese pharmacy schools/faculties, based on the suggested Lebanese Pharmacy Competencies Framework. This study also explored the association between graduates' demographics, university attributes, and self-assessed competency performance.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving pharmacists who graduated from Lebanese universities was performed through a 40-minute online questionnaire distributed over social media platforms and groups of pharmacists.
Results: Pharmacists perceived their competence as moderate upon graduation, the lowest scores being in fundamental knowledge and medicine supply; the highest reported scores were in personal skills and safe/rational use of medicines. Moreover, females, younger graduates, PharmD holders, and pharmacists working in hospitals/clinical settings and academia had the highest perception of their competencies. Pharmacists in the public sector and medical laboratory directors had the lowest perception of competence.
Conclusions: When comparing the taught curriculum to the suggested Lebanese Pharmacy Competency Framework, all domains need to be improved to optimize the perception, education, and practice of pharmacists. It is essential to emphasize fundamental knowledge, medicines supply, and public health competencies in undergraduate curricula and improve continuing professional education.
Determination of the Toxicity Cause by Trace Metals on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo
Authors: De Silva D.P.N. , Fasmina M.F.A. , Jayamanne S. C. , Liyanage N.P. P. , Perera J.L.C.S. 
Published: June 2021

Water quality deterioration due to inorganic and organic pollutant is a serious issue and the presence of toxic trace metals cause a serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem. Fish embryos have gained interest in risk assessment because of their high sensitivity to pollutants and the ecological relevance. This study investigated the acute toxicity effect of trace metals Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Embryos were exposed to ten different concentrations of individual trace metals and lethality rate was recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours based on the coagulation of fertilized egg, lack of somite formation, lack of detachment of the tail and lack of heart beat. The results indicated a significant difference between the control and trace metal treated embryo (P< 0.05) and higher mortality rate along the increase of trace metal concentration. Along with the increase of exposure time for Cu, Zn and As, the mortality rate became slower. Sub-lethal and teratogenic deformities such as growth retardation, lack of tail development, lack of eye lens (placode), yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, hemorrhages, shrinkage of chorion and scoliosis were observed in most of the trace metal treated embryos. The results showed the toxic effects to aquatic biota due to trace metals emphasizing the usefulness of zebrafish embryo model for integrated biological hazard assessment.
Study Identification of Some Species of Fish Using the Partial Fragment of Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit-1Gene (COI) in Danau Panggang, South Borneo
Authors: Wulandari Tuah Nanda Merlia , Rais Aroef Hukmanan 
Published: June 2021

Danau Panggang is a unique habitat for fish species used for food and economic purposes that live in it. This study aims to identify several important and endangered fish species in Danau Panggang using the DNA sequence method and water quality in Danau Panggang. The DNA sequence was then aligned with the RefSeq from the GenBank data library by using the BLAST program of NCBI to find the closest identity associated with several types of fish samples being analyzed. The sequence analysis of the DNA show that some fish species analyzed have specific identifications :Trichopodus pectoralis, Phalacronotus apogon, Belodontichthys dinema, Anabas testudineus, and Leptobarbus hoevenii. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree, it is also found that the relationship between fish taxons in flooded swamps of Danau Panggang is close to one another.
Systematic Review Of Risk Factor Of Intestinal Parasite Infection
Authors: Novitasari Nur Afidah , Fatah Mohammad Zainal 
Published: June 2021

Background: Intestinal parasites infection is a common problem in the world. Intestinal parasites infection causes morbidity, mortality, and complication. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the intestinal parasite infection risk factors by using a systematic review of intestinal parasite infection-related existing publications. Methods: This study used a systematic review method. A systematic review of intestinal parasite risk factors was then performed following PRISMA guidelines. The data source of this study was derived from the literature obtained through the internet in the form of research results from publications in journals that were conducted in Hindawi, PubMed, emedicalj, tandfonline, knepublishing, portalnepas, ojs unud, plos, jurnal.umsb, and publications were assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. The population is the research paper about prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasites infection from 2013-2019 and 35 studies were used. Inclusion criteria were researched that identifies risk factors intestinal parasites infection and uses primary data for the research. Exclusion criteria were review study and use secondary data for the study. Data are presented in tabular form. Univariate analysis to see the average, minimum and maximum values, and frequency and percentage distribution. Results: The results of the systematic study analysis are that the most risk factors for intestinal parasite infection are age, sex, residence, toilet, washing hand with soap before a meal, shoe-wearing habit, trimming nails, eating undercooked food, personal hygiene, and source of drinking water. Conclusions: Intestinal parasites can occur in children, adolescents, and adults who are affected by demographic factors, clean and healthy lifestyle behaviors and lifestyle. Cleanliness, health, and lifestyle are aspects that need to be improved to prevent intestinal parasites. Keywords: intestinal parasites infection, lifestyle, risk factor, systematic review
Foreign language learning and identity reconstruction: understanding of interaction of the self
Authors: Nejabat Ameneh , Rad Neda Fatehi , Tajadini Massoud 
Published: June 2021

This study focuses on the processes & relationships between foreign language learner's identity and interaction foreign language proficiency associated with learning English in private language institutes in Iranian context, especially, participants' beliefs about languages & participants' views about the language question are analyzed. This analysis integrates the speaker's practices and beliefs to issues of identity construction and negotiation that are observable in two contexts. Some English as a foreign language learners from 3 language institute in Tehran were picked to participate in the study, based on stratified sampling. The instrument were a 30-item likert-scale questionnaire on motivation types & social responsibility, individual development, information medium, ... 24 likert-scale questionnaire on self-identity changes, such as, self‌-confidence change, subtractive change, productive change, results reveal that how language practices in human interaction display and construct identity and correlation analysis indicated that motivation types of self-identity changes and signal participant's negotiations of their own identities of these or others. Instrumental orientations related with learner's self-confidence change.
Effect of Hydrate Dissociation and Axial Strain on the Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sand during the Creep Process
Authors: Zhou S. S. , Wu P. , Li M. , Li Y. H. , Zhang L. X. , Yang L. , Liu Y. , Zhao J. F. , Song Y. C. 
Published: June 2021

Summary
The relative permeability (kr) and capillary pressure (Pc) are essential components to predict the gas and water flow in hydrate-bearing reservoirs. In this study, we analyze the dynamic gas and water relative permeability (krg and krw) during the continuous creep process of hydrate-bearing sand (HBS) under conditions of thermal-stimulated hydrate dissociation using computed tomography (CT) and the pore network model (PNM). The dynamic sample region extraction method for CT images is adopted by considering the deformation of HBS in the vertical direction. The pore structure of the HBS was visualized and reconstructed by CT scanning. The 3D pore network is built after image processing; then, gas and water flow processes are analyzed by the PNM. The results show that krw is highly consistent with two main pore structure factors: the pore space size and connectivity variation. krg is greatly affected by an increasing number of narrow flow channels in the HBS during the creep process. In addition, the irreducible water saturation (Swir) during the creep process is mainly affected by the joint effect of the pore size, throat size, and pore space connectivity. The preferential flow directions of the gas and water change from vertical to horizontal along with the progression of creep.
Bioinformatics of thymidine metabolism in Trypanosoma evansi: exploring nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase (NDRT) as a drug target
Authors: Kandeel Mahmoud , Al-Taher Abdulla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra or camel trypanosomiasis, is characterized by the widest geographic distribution and host range among the known trypanosomes. Its zoonotic importance and increasing evidence of drug resistance necessitate the discovery of new drug targets. The drug discovery process entails finding an exploitable difference between the host and the parasite. In this study, the thymidine metabolic pathways in camel and T. evansi were compared by analyzing their metabolic maps, protein sequences, domain and motif contents, phylogenetic relationships, and 3D structure models. The two organisms were revealed to recycle thymidine differently: performed by thymidine phosphorylase in camels (Camelus genus), this role in T. evansi was associated with nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase (NDRT), a unique trypanosomal enzyme absent in camels. Thymidine in T. evansi seems to be governed by thymine through NDRT, whereas in camels, thymidine can be produced from thymidylate via 5'-nucleotidase. As a result, NDRT may be a promising drug target against T. evansi.
Moisture variations during the first millennium CE and their linkage with social developments along the Silk Road in northwestern China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Shao Xuemei , Yang Qing , Yin Zhi-Yong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Moisture conditions, especially those that occur as multi-decadal anomalies, have profound impacts on society, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the lack of high-resolution climatic data for the first millennium CE greatly limits our understanding how moisture variations have influenced history. Here, we present an 1882-year (134–2015 CE) tree-ring chronology developed from the Qilian juniper (Juniperus przewalskii Kom.) growing in the western Qilian Mountains, northwest China. The tree-ring index correlates significantly with the May-June self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI) and could therefore be used to reconstruct May-June moisture variations since 241 CE. The reconstruction reflects moisture conditions at the annual to multi-decadal time scales over the past two millennia. During the period from the 3rd to 8th centuries, there were prominent interdecadal fluctuations, with the 3rd century and the late 5th century being the wettest and driest periods in the reconstruction, respectively. The transition from the wet 3rd century to the dry 5th century corresponded with key events in Chinese history, namely the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty and the chaotic Southern and Northern Dynasties, as well as the fall of the ancient Loulan Kingdom in eastern Xinjiang. Thus, our reconstruction provides new evidence for the close linkage between abnormal climate conditions and social changes in ancient times.
Changes of diurnal temperature range over East Asia from 1901 to 2018 and its relationship with precipitation
Authors: Sun Xiubao , Wang Chunzai , Ren Guoyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since the 1950s, the East Asian diurnal temperature range (DTR) defined as the difference between the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperatures (Tmin) has gradually decreased. Precipitation changes have often been cited as a primary cause of the change. However, the East Asian DTR change before 1950 and its relationship with precipitation remain unclear. Here, we mainly use a newly developed China Meteorological Administration-Land Surface Air Temperature dataset v1.1 to examine the climatological patterns and long-term trends of the DTR in East Asia from 1901 to 2018, and its relationship with precipitation. 1951–2018 mean annual DTR averaged over East Asia is approximately 10.0°C. East Asian DTR changes during 1901–2018 show two distinct characteristics. First, the DTR decrease significantly by about 0.60 ℃ during 1901–2018, and the decrease rate in the second half of the 20th century (by ~ 0.53 ℃) is significantly larger than that over the rest of the Northern Hemisphere and the global land due to rapid urbanization over East Asia. Second, before the 1950s, the DTR in East Asia shows a significant non-linear increase, while there are substantial differences in different latitude zones. The middle and high latitudes show the fluctuating rise and decline, respectively. Additionally, we find that the spatial pattern of long-term DTR change shows a significant negative correlation with mean precipitation patterns except in arid and semi-arid areas during 1901–2018. Besides, the decreasing trend of DTR is gradually become smaller from arid regions to humid regions during 1901–2018, mainly due to the difference between Tmax and Tmin warming rate is gradually become smaller.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on post-operative clinically significant pancreatic fistula – A systemic review and updated meta-analysis.
Authors: Vasavada Bhavin Bhuendra , Patel Hardik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims and objectives: The primary aim of our analysis was to do a systemic review and updated meta-analysis of literature published in the last 10 years and look for the association of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and risk of subsequent clinically significant pancreatic fistula.Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database were searched forStudies comparing outcomes in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy first with those patients who received surgery first in case of pancreatic cancer. A systemic review and Metanalysis were done according to MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Heterogeneity was measured using Q tests and I2, and p < 0.10 was determined as significant. Nonrandomized trials were accessed for bias using the New Castle Ottawa scale. Publication bias was studied using funnel plots. Results: Twenty-six studies including 17021 patients finally included in the analysis. 339 patients out of a total of 3386 developed clinically significant pancreatic fistula in the neoadjuvant first group. 2342 patients out of 13335 patients developed clinically significant pancreatic fistula in the surgery first group. Neoadjuvant treatment significantly reduced the risk of subsequent clinically significant pancreatic fistula. (p= <0.0001). The number of patients with soft pancreas was significantly higher in the surgery first group. (p <0.0001). Pancreatic duct diameter mentioned in only two studies but there was no significant difference between both groups. [p=1].Blood loss was significantly more in the surgery first group.[ p <0.0001]. There was no difference in pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy performed between both groups. (p=0.82). There was no difference in the number of borderline resectable pancreatic tumors between both groups. (p= 0.34). There was no difference in overall grade 3/grade 4 complications rate between both groups. (p= 0.39).Conclusion: Neoadjuvant treatments may be responsible for the lower rates of clinically significant pancreatic fistula after subsequent surgery.
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in The Treatment of Spinal Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Authors: Brodano Giovanni Barbanti , Griffoni Cristiana , Facchini Giancarlo , Carretta Elisa , Salamanna Francesca , Gala Rohan , Tedesco Giuseppe , Evangelisti Gisberto , Terzi Silvia , Ghermandi Riccardo , Bandiera Stefano , Girolami Marco , Pipola Valerio , Fini Milena , Gasbarrini Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We retrospectively analysed a cohort of patients treated at our Centre with bone marrow concentrated (BMC) injection for aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the spine, in order to propose this treatment as a valid alternative for the management of ABCs.Methods: Fourteen patients (6 male, 8 female) were treated between June 2014 to December 2019 with BMC injection for ABC of the spine. The mean age was 17.85 years. The mean follow up was 37.4 months (range 12- 60 months). The dimension of the cyst and the degree of ossification were measured by Computed Tomography (CT) scans before the treatment and during follow-up visits. Results: Six patients received a single dose of BMC, five patients received two doses and in three patients three doses of BMC were administered. The mean ossification of the cyst (expressed in Hounsfield units) increased statistically from 43.48±2.36 HU to 161.71±23.48 HU during follow-up time and the ossification was associated to an improvement of the clinical outcomes. The mean ossification over time was significantly higher in patients treated with a single injection compared to patients treated with multiple injections. No significant difference in ossification was found between cervical and non-cervical localization of the cyst. Moreover, the initial size of the cyst was not statistically associated with the degree of ossification during follow-up Conclusions: Results of this paper reinforce our previous evidence on the use of BMC as a valid alternative for spinal ABC management when SAE treatment is contraindicated or ineffective.