bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a 25-Week Periodized Training Macrocycle on Muscle Strength, Power, Muscle Architecture, and Performance in Well-Trained Track and Field Throwers
Authors: Anousaki Eleni , Zaras Nikolaos , Stasinaki Angeliki-Nikoletta , Panidi Ioli , Terzis Gerasimos , Karampatsos Giorgos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Anousaki, E, Zaras, N, Stasinaki A-N, Panidi, I, Terzis, T, and Karampatsos, G. Effects of a 25-week periodized training macrocycle on muscle strength, power, muscle architecture, and performance in well-trained track and field throwers. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2728–2736, 2021—The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of a 25-week macrocycle on strength, power, vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture, and competitive track and field throwing performance, in well-trained track and field throwers. Twelve well-trained throwers (age: 24.3 ± 5.5 years, mass: 96.6 ± 9.9 kg, and height: 1.82 ± 0.02 m), participated in the study. All athletes followed a 25-week periodized training program divided into 3 training phases: the hypertrophy/maximum strength phase, the maximum strength/power phase, and the power/speed phase. Measurements were performed at the beginning of the training period (T1), after the first training phase (T2), and after the end of the training period (T3). Measurements included the following: competitive track and field throwing performance; shot put throws; maximum strength (1-RM) in snatch, clean, and squat; countermovement jump (CMJ); and VL muscle architecture. Competitive track and field throwing performance and shot put throws increased from T1 to T3 by 10.9 ± 3.2% (p = 0.001) and 5.1 ± 6.4% (P = 0.049), respectively. 1 RM strength in snatch and squat increased significantly from T1 to T3 by 9.7 ± 8.9% (p = 0.001) and 9.9 ± 7.1% (p = 0.002), respectively. Countermovement jump height increased only from T1 to T2 by 10.9 ± 11.8% (p = 0.026). A significant increase was found for VL fascicle length between T1 and T3 (9.6 ± 11.1%, p = 0.049). Strong correlations were found between the percentage increase of competitive track and field throwing performance with 1 RM snatch (r = 0.571, p = 0.046) and with shot put throws (r = 0.715, p = 0.001). Twenty five weeks of training may increase performance and VL fascicle length, whereas increases in 1 RM snatch and in shot put throws are associated with competitive track and field throwing performance in well-trained throwers.
Current Techniques Used for Practical Blood Flow Restriction Training: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bielitzki Robert , Behrendt Tom , Behrens Martin , Schega Lutz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bielitzki, R, Behrendt, T, Behrens, M, and Schega, L. Current techniques used for practical blood flow restriction training: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2936–2951, 2021—The purpose of this article was to systematically review the available scientific evidence on current methods used for practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) training together with application characteristics as well as advantages and disadvantages of each technique. A literature search was conducted in different databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) for the period from January 2000 to December 2020. Inclusion criteria for this review were (a) original research involving humans, (b) the use of elastic wraps or nonpneumatic cuffs, and (c) articles written in English. Of 26 studies included and reviewed, 15 were conducted using an acute intervention (11 in the lower body and 4 in the upper body), and 11 were performed with a chronic intervention (8 in the lower body, 1 in the upper body, and 2 in both the upper and the lower body). Three pBFR techniques could be identified: (a) based on the perceptual response (perceived pressure technique), (b) based on the overlap of the cuff (absolute and relative overlap technique), and (c) based on the cuffs' maximal tensile strength (maximal cuff elasticity technique). In conclusion, the perceived pressure technique is simple, valid for the first application, and can be used independently of the cuffs' material properties, but is less reliable within a person over time. The absolute and relative overlap technique as well as the maximal cuff elasticity technique might be applied more reliably due to markings, but require a cuff with constant material properties over time.
A Cre-Dependent CRISPR/dCas9 System for Gene Expression Regulation in Neurons
Authors: Carullo Nancy V. N. , Hinds Jenna E. , Revanna Jasmin S. , Tuscher Jennifer J. , Bauman Allison J. , Day Jeremy J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSite-specific genetic and epigenetic targeting of distinct cell populations is a central goal in molecular neuroscience and is crucial to understand the gene regulatory mechanisms that underlie complex phenotypes and behaviors. While recent technological advances have enabled unprecedented control over gene expression, many of these approaches are focused on selected model organisms and/or require labor-intensive customization for different applications. The simplicity and modularity of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based systems have transformed genome editing and expanded the gene regulatory toolbox. However, there are few available tools for cell-selective CRISPR regulation in neurons. We designed, validated, and optimized CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) systems for Cre recombinase-dependent gene regulation. Unexpectedly, CRISPRa systems based on a traditional double-floxed inverted open reading frame (DIO) strategy exhibited leaky target gene induction even without Cre. Therefore, we developed an intron-containing Cre-dependent CRISPRa system (SVI-DIO-dCas9-VPR) that alleviated leaky gene induction and outperformed the traditional DIO system at endogenous genes in HEK293T cells and rat primary neuron cultures. Using gene-specific CRISPR sgRNAs, we demonstrate that SVI-DIO-dCas9-VPR can activate numerous rat or human genes (GRM2,Tent5b,Fos,Sstr2, andGadd45b) in a Cre-specific manner. To illustrate the versatility of this tool, we created a parallel CRISPRi construct that successfully inhibited expression from a luciferase reporter in HEK293T cells only in the presence of Cre. These results provide a robust framework for Cre-dependent CRISPR-dCas9 approaches across different model systems, and enable cell-specific targeting when combined with common Cre driver lines or Cre delivery via viral vectors.
The Condition Based Monitoring for Bearing Health
Authors: Weng Zhen Lim , P.P Abdul Majeed Anwar , Mohd Razman Mohd Azraai , Ab. Nasir Ahmad Fakhri 
Published: July 2021

Bearing is a small component that widely uses in industries, either in rotary machines or shafts. Faulty in bearing might cause massive downtime in the industries, which lead to loss of revenue. This paper intends to find the consequential statistical time-domain-based features that can be used in classification from accelerometry signals for the bearing condition. An accelerometer was used as the data logger device to attain the condition signals from the bearing. Machinery Failure Prevention Technology (MFPT) online dataset has three different bearing conditions: baseline condition, inner faulty condition, and outer faulty condition. Extraction of eight statistical time-domain features was done, which is root-mean-square (RMS), minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, median, standard deviation, variance, and skewness. The identification of informative attributes was made using a filter-based method, in which the scoring is done by using the Information gain ratio. For the extracted features, the data splitting of training data to testing data was set to the ratio of 70% and 30%, respectively. The selected feature for classification is then fed into various types of classifiers to observe the effect of this feature selection method on the classification performance. From this research, six features were identified as the significant features: variance, standard deviation, Min, Max, mean, and RMS. It is said that the classification accuracy of the training data and the testing data using the filter-based feature selection method is equivalent to the classification accuracy of all the features selected.
El Tratamiento de Semillas con Nanomateriales de Carbono Impacta en el Crecimiento y Absorción de Nutrientes en Tomate Bajo Estrés Salino
Authors: López-Vargas E. R. , Pérez-Álvarez M. , Cadenas-Pliego G. , Hernández-Fuentes A. D. , Juárez-Maldonado A. 
Published: July 2021

La salinidad es un estrés abiótico y restringe dramáticamente la producción mundial de cultivos. Los nanomateriales se usan actualmente para disminuir los efectos negativos de diversos tipos de estrés sobre los parámetros morfológicos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos de las plantas. En el presente estudio, se evaluaron los efectos de del tratamiento de semillas de tomate con nanotubos de carbono (CNT) y grafeno (GP) (50, 250 y 500 mg L-1) y dos controles (sin sonicar y sonicado) en el crecimiento, desarrollo y la absorción mineral en plantas de tomate sin estrés salino (Sin NaCl) y con estrés salino (50 mM NaCl). La aplicación de GP y CNT en plantas sin estrés salino no afecto la mayoría de los parámetros morfológico, como el peso promedio de frutos y el rendimiento. Las biomasas frescas y secas tanto de raíz como de parte aérea fueron modificadas por los CNMs. Por otro lado, la altura de las plantas bajo salinidad aumento significativamente con el tratamiento de GP y CNT en la dosis mas baja (50 mg L-1). Mientras que el DT disminuyo notablemente. El número de frutos con pudrición apical y el % de daño fueron similares a los controles. Además, el tratamiento con GP y CNT modificó la concentración de macro y micro nutrientes en as hojas y frutos de las plantas de tomate. La aplicación de GP y CNT a las semillas en sus diferentes presenta efectos positivos y bajo condiciones de estrés salino pueden inducir respuestas benéficas para la plantas.
Riesgo de adicción a redes sociales e Internet y su relación con habilidades para la vida y socioemocionales en una muestra de estudiantes de bachillerato del municipio de Envigado
Authors: Klimenko Olena , Cataño Restrepo Yuly Andrea , Otalvaro Isabel , Úsuga Echeverri Sandra Judith 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Continuo aumento en el uso de redes sociales e internet, sobre todo en la población de adolescentes, requiere profundizar en el fenómeno, identificando tanto su uso problemático, como los fatores relacionados con un posible riesgo de adicción.
Objetivo: valorar el riesgo de adicción a redes sociales e internet y su relación con habilidades para la vida y socioemocionales en una muestra de adolescentes.
Método: un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de nivel correlacional, con un diseño transversal; la muestra fue compuesta por 221 estudiantes de un colegio público; se empleo la Escala de riesgo de adicción a las redes sociales e internet (ERA-RSI), escala de habilidades para la vida y varias escalas para valorar las habilidades socioemocionales.
Resultados: Se identifico un nivel medio de riesgo de adicción en la muestra del estudio, las mujeres puntuaron mas alto en síntomas de adicción, uso social y nomofobia, obteniendo el género masculino puntajes más altos en rasgos frikis. Igualmente, se observó un bajo puntaje en las habilidades para la vida y en la mayoría de las habilidades socioemocionales valoradas. Las mujeres mostraron mayores habilidades para la vida que los hombres. Se identificaron las correlaciones negativas entre las variables: total de riesgo de adición con las habilidades para la vida; rasgos frikis con empatía y manejo de emociones, resiliencia y autoeficacia; nomofobia con autoeficacia y tolerancia a la frustración; síntomas de adicción con satisfacción vital y tolerancia a la frustración; uso de redes sociales con el manejo de tensiones y estrés. Igualmente, se identificaron correlaciones positivas entre el uso de redes sociales y varias dimensiones constituyentes de las habilidades sociales.
Conclusiones: Las deficiencias en las habilidades blandas de los adolescentes podrían estar relacionados con el aumento de riesgo de adición a redes sociales e internet. Por otro lado, un buen desarrollo de estas habilidades, sumado a otros factores protectores, podría contribuir a un manejo responsable y cuidadoso del mundo virtual.
Mudanças de hábitos e saúde dos estudantes após ingresso na universidade
Authors: Muniz Gustavo De Barros Araújo , Garrido Edleusa Nery 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento de publicações sobre a vida do estudante do Ensino Superior demonstra o interesse crescente da comunidade científica sobre o tema. Tais estudos apontam para alterações na saúde dessa população após ingresso nesse nível de ensino. OBJETIVO: Investigar mudanças nos hábitos de vida dos estudantes que ingressam na universidade e o impacto em sua saúde física e mental. MÉTODOS: Foi adotada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o uso de entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada em oito estudantes. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise de conteúdo, o que resultou em três categorias temáticas: Mudanças nos hábitos (alimentação, sono, atividades físicas, lazer e descanso); Impactos (físicos e mentais); Determinantes envolvidos na formação de novos hábitos (socioeconômicos, acadêmicos, familiares e afetivos e outros). RESULTADOS: A alimentação foi uma das dimensões que mais apresentou alterações, assim como o sono. Quanto aos impactos físicos, foram apontadas dores musculares, cefaleias tensionais, enxaquecas e agravamento de distúrbios, como gastrite. Nos impactos mentais, registrou-se os sintomas de estresse, cansaço, desmotivação e sentimentos de solidão, impotência, isolamento, desejo de desistir e agravamento de sofrimentos psíquicos já existentes, como depressão e ansiedade. Os determinantes mais frequentes foram os sociais, que abrangem as condições socioeconômicas dos estudantes, seguido dos educacionais, que abrangem o ambiente acadêmico. CONCLUSÃO: A experiência no Ensino Superior, neste caso, na universidade, provoca mudanças nos hábitos dos estudantes após ingresso, o que resulta em impactos em sua saúde, e sugere a necessidade de se repensar as formas de seu funcionamento.
Comparative effectiveness of simultaneous and staged operations in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of carotid and coronary arteries
Authors: Ismoilova A. B. , Sultanbaeva N. M.U. , Abdurakhmanov A. A. , Umarova Sh. Z. , Dzhalalova D. Kh. , Dzhalalov S. Ch. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: comparative systematic analysis of clinical trials of staged and simultaneous approaches in the surgical treatment of combined carotid and coronary stenosis based on the literature search.Material and methods. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Scopus using predefined acceptance criteria. To compare data of simultaneous and staged surgery cumulative indicators of heart attack, stroke and mortality, expressed as percentages and absolute numbers, were analyzed; the Mantel–Hensel formula and the χ2 method were used to assess the relative risk of major adverse cardio-cerebral events development and mortality.Results. The analysis included 7 studies containing one intervention (4 simultaneous and 3 stage methods). The risk of developing myocardial infarction was RR 0.13 (95% CI 0.02–0.67) for simultaneous tactics, and RR 7.79 (95% CI 1.5–40.43) for staged tactics (p˂0.005). The risk of stroke developing was RR 1.29 (95% CI 0.56–2.99) for a simultaneous approach, and RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.33–1.8) for stage approach (p˃0.05). The risk of mortality was RR 0.77 (95% CI 0.31–1.88) for simultaneous procedures, and RR 1.3 (95% CI 0.53–3.18) for staged procedures (p˃0.05).Conclusion. Staged tactics for combined carotid and coronary stenosis may be accompanied by a significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the risk of stroke and mortality, but there was a trend towards a higher risk of stroke in the simultaneous group and a higher risk of death from all causes in the staged group.
Analysis of the availability and affordability of pharmaceuticals for children in need of palliative care
Authors: Medvedeva D. M. , Narkevich I. A. , Nemyatykh O. D. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: to analyze the availability and affordability of pharmaceuticals for children in need of palliative care.Materials and methods. The price, affordability and physical availability of pharmaceuticals for children in need of palliative care were analyzed in accordance with the Health Action International guidelines of the World Health Organization. Linear distribution index (LDI) was calculated to produce the best estimates of availability. Research data was sourced from AlphaRM (as of April 26, 2021) and International Medicine Reference Piece Data. The data array was based on the fiscal data provided by pharmacies. The research was carried out on the total population of pharmacies in the Russian Federation (69,050 pharmacies) and in St. Petersburg (1986 pharmacies).Results. Pharmaceutical price and affordability estimates show that low-priced generics, which cover over 75% of the whole range, have the most optimal median value of the median price ratio (MPR<1) on top of low affordability ratios (AR<1). Ibuprofen, paracetamol, gabapentin, diazepam, morphine, midazolam, and carbamazepine were found to be the least affordable medications, price-wise (MPR>1). Midazolam (AR=2.494), morphine (AR=2.324), and celecoxib (AR=1.373) had low affordability. Notably, prescription-based pharmaceuticals such as diazepam, midazolam, tramadol, morphine, and fentanyl had the lowest physical availability scores (LDI<3%) in the Russian market compared to the relatively high scores of over-the-counter drugs (LDI>60%).Conclusions. The results call for better organizational action in the pharmaceutical industry to provide due drug regimens to children in need of palliative care.
Effect of peritonsillar prilocaine infiltration on post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric population
Authors: TAŞ Burak Mustafa , ERDEN Burak , ŞİMŞEK Gökçe 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of peritonsillar prilocaine in post-tonsillectomy pain by using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 pediatric patients were included in this study. There were 20 patients in the prilocaine group (Group 1) and 20 patients in the control group (Group 2). In Group 1, peritonsillar prilocaine infiltration was performed. In Group 2, peritonsillar saline infiltration was performed. VAS scores of at the postoperative 1st, 4th, 12th and 24th hours and on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th days were evaluated. In addition, the presence of nausea and vomiting and the number of additional doses of intravenous paracetamol administered in the first 24 hours were evaluated.
Results: When the groups were compared, a significant reduction in post-tonsillectomy pain was observed in the prilocaine group at the 1st, 4th and 12th hours compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in other scores. There was no significant difference between the groups for nausea and vomiting and consumption of paracetamol values.
Conclusion: Peritonsillar prilocaine infiltration was effective in post-tonsillectomy pain at the 1st, 4th and 12th hours postoperatively. Thus, peritonsillar prilocaine infiltration can be used in post-tonsillectomy pain because it is fast and effective.
Is there any relationship between frontal QRS-T angle and subclinical hypothyroidism?
Authors: USALP Songul , ALTUNTAŞ Emine , BAĞIRTAN Bayram , BAYRAKTAR Ali 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a relationship between frontal QRS-T angle on ECG and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).
Materials and Methods: A total of 115 individuals included in this study, 41 patients have SCH and 74 individuals as healthy control group. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level > 4.5 mU/mL was determined for the diagnosis of SCH. All patients demographic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data were collected and compared between the two groups.
Results: The TSH level (5.7 [4.5-20] vs 1.2 [0.4-4.3] mlU/L), body mass index (BMI) (30.7 ± 6.4 vs 28.1 ± 5.3 kg/m2) and frontal QRS-T angle values (40 [2-188] vs 15 [1-86] degree) were higher in patients with SCH. However, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values were lower in subclinical hypothyroidism patients (58.9 ± 3.1 vs 60.8 ± 2.9). Correlations analysis showed the BMI (r=0.267, p=0.007) and frontal QRS-T angle were positively correlated (r=0.294, p=0.001), but LVEF were negatively correlated (r=-0.218, p=0.019) with TSH level. The multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that only age (OR:0.304 95% CI [0.242 – 1.147]) and), and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR:0.407 95% CI [15.175 – 42.494]) were a potential risk factors for increased of frontal QRS-T angle.
Conclusion: The SCH was found to be an independent risk factor for increased of frontal QRS-T angle.Frontal QRS-T angle can be considered as one of the ECG parameters that should be noted in cardiovascular risk estimation in patients with SCH.
Seismogenic Faults of the Changning Earthquake Sequence Constrained by High-Resolution Seismic Profiles in the Southwestern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Lu Renqi , He Dengfa , Liu Jing-Zeng , Tao Wei , Huang Hanyu , Xu Fang , Liu Guanshen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The seismicity rate in the southwestern Sichuan basin, China, dramatically increased after 2014. The associated moderate earthquakes may have been induced by salt mining or shale gas exploration. The location of the seismogenic faults causing these moderate earthquakes has not been confirmed, resulting in a lack of understanding of the earthquake mechanisms in the study area. The detailed structural characteristics of pre-existing faults, which are typically responsible for induced seismicity, are unclear. In this study, we used high-resolution seismic reflection profiles in conjunction with geological, seismologic, and geodetic data to reveal the 3D distributions of the seismogenic faults. Basement thrust faults in the Changning anticline were identified using seismic interpretations and are associated with the 2019 Changning earthquake sequence. The geometry and location of these pre-existing faults are consistent with previous studies of the seismology and structural geology in the area. The well-developed pre-existing fault system in the sedimentary cover and basement makes the Changning area vulnerable to induced earthquakes. Present-day reactivation of the basement fault system reveals the unstable state of the local tectonic stress field. It is possible that the potential seismic risk in this region could be increased by industrial activity in the southwestern Sichuan basin.
Comment on “Two Foreshock Sequences Post Gulia and Wiemer (2019)” by Kelian Dascher-Cousineau, Thorne Lay, and Emily E. Brodsky
Authors: Gulia Laura , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dascher-Cousineau et al. (2020) apply the so-called foreshock traffic-light system (FTLS) model proposed by Gulia and Wiemer (2019) to two earthquake sequences that occurred after the submission of the model: the 2019 Ridgecrest (Mw 7.1) and the 2020 Mw 6.4 Puerto Rico earthquakes. We show in this comment that the method applied by Kelian Dascher-Cousineau et al. (2020) deviates in at least six substantial and not well-documented aspects from the original FTLS method. As a consequence, they used for example in the Ridgecrest case only 1% of the data available to estimate b-values and from a small subvolume of the relevant mainshock fault. In the Puerto Rico case, we document here substantial issues with the homogeneity of the magnitude scale that in our assessment make a meaningful analysis of b-values impossible. We conclude that the evaluation by Dascher-Cousineau et al. (2020) is misrepresentative and a not a fair test of the FTLS hypothesis.