bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Diffuse Sources around MWC 1080
Authors: Kim Il-Joong , Oh Heeyoung , Jeong Woong-Seob , Seon Kwang-Il , Pyo Tae-Soo , Lee Jae-Joon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To reveal the origins of diffuse Hα emissions observed around the Herbig star MWC 1080, we have performed a high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observation using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. In the NIR H and K bands, we detected various emission lines (six hydrogen Brackett lines, seven H2 lines, and an [Fe ii] line) and compared their spatial locations with the optical (Hα and [S ii]) and radio (13CO and CS) line maps. The shock-induced H2 and [Fe ii] lines indicate the presence of multiple outflows, consisting of at least three associated young stars in this region. The kinematics of H2 and [Fe ii] near the northeast (NE) cavity edge supports the idea that the NE main outflow from MWC 1080A is the blueshifted one with a low inclination angle. The H2 and [Fe ii] lines near the southeast molecular region newly reveal that additional highly blueshifted outflows originate from other young stars. The fluorescent H2 lines were found to trace photodissociation regions formed on the cylindrical surfaces of the main outflow cavity, which are expanding outward with a velocity of about 10–15 km s−1. For the Hα emission, we identify its components associated with two stellar outflows and two young stars in addition to the dominant component of MWC 1080A scattered by dust. We also report a few faint Hα features located ∼0.4 pc away in the southwest direction from MWC 1080A, which lie near the axes of the NE main outflow and one of the newly identified outflows.
Rapid Formation of Jupiter and Wide-orbit Exoplanets in Disks with Pressure Bumps
Authors: Chambers John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during encounters leads to high accretion rates. Most models of pebble accretion consider disks with a monotonic, radial pressure profile. This causes a continuous inward flux of pebbles and inefficient growth. Here we examine planet formation in a disk with multiple, intrinsic pressure bumps. In the outer disk, pebbles become trapped near these bumps allowing rapid growth under suitable conditions. In the inner disk, pebble traps may not exist because the inward gas advection velocity is too high. Pebbles here are rapidly removed. In the outer disk, growth is very sensitive to the initial planet mass and the strength of turbulence. This is because turbulent density fluctuations raise planetary eccentricities, increasing the planet-pebble relative velocity. Planetary seeds above a distance-dependent critical mass grow to a Jupiter mass in 0.5–3 Myr out to at least 60 au in a 0.03 solar-mass disk. Smaller bodies remain near their initial mass, leading to a sharp dichotomy in growth outcomes. For turbulent α = 1e-4, the critical masses are 1e-4M
⊕ and 1e-3M
⊕ at 9 and 75 au, respectively. Pressure bumps in disks may explain the large mass difference between the giant planets and Kuiper Belt objects, and also the existence of wide-orbit planets in some systems.
Hydrogen Diffusion and Trapping in Laser Additively Manufactured Ultra-High Strength AerMet100 Steel
Authors: Ran Xian-zhe , Liu Dong , Tang Hai-bo , Wang Hua-ming , Santucci Raymond J. , Scully John R. 
Published: June 2021

Hydrogen trapping and the permeation behavior of laser additively manufactured (LAM) AerMet100 (UNS K92580) steel with an as-deposited specimen (AD) and after three types of heat-treated specimens (bainite microstructure [BM], tempered bainite and martensite microstructure [TBMM], and tempered martensite [TM]) was investigated. At least three types of different hydrogen traps were identified in each microstructure of the LAM steel, including both reversible and irreversible H traps. For as-deposited microstructure, the main reversible H trap states are related to the precipitation of M3C carbides associated with a detrapping activation energy (Ed) of 17.3±0.2 kJ/mol. After heat treatment, the dominant reversible hydrogen trap states in the tempered martensite microstructure have a different Ed value of 19.3±0.5 kJ/mol, which is attributed to the precipitation of highly coherent M2C carbides. In comparison with the reported Ed value of approximately 21.4 kJ/mol for main reversible hydrogen traps in wrought UNS K92580 steel, the lower Ed value in the LAM steel is closely related to the composition change of M2C carbides. In all of the H precharged samples, the diffusible and total H concentration of the TM specimen and the TBMM specimen are about three to four times higher than that of the AD specimen and the BM specimen. The TM specimen with tempered martensite microstructure has the highest diffusible and total H concentration due to its high density of dominantly reversible H traps. The effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient (Deff) of the LAM steel is on the order of 10−9 cm2/s, and decreases with increasing density of the dominant reversible H traps brought about by heat treatment. The LAM steel has a comparable Deff of about 2.8 × 10−9 cm2/s compared to the wrought steel of a similar yield strength (∼1,750 MPa),
Impure at the Origins
Authors: Hom Sabrina L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough race mixing is often treated as a marginal matter or a transgression against dominant racial logic, this article argues that mixed-race bodies and interracial sexuality are central to the invention of whiteness and the origin of the white settler state in several ways. Race mixing is at the foundation of the modern conception of race; at the material and political origin of the white settler state; and serves as the grounding against which cultural and legal categories of race are articulated. The conceptual history of race looks to mixed-race bodies as the means to define race and delimit races. The colonization and economic success of the white settler state in the United States depended on mixed-race individuals who served as emissaries and interpreters, while interracial sexuality was central to the economy of slavery. Dominant conceptions of whiteness, and of the identity of the white settler state, rely on the scrutiny of mixed bodies as a means of racial demarcation. Mixed race histories and subjects are of central interest to studies of the invention of whiteness and processes of racialization.
Assessing the Impact of Membrane Deformations on Wing Sail Performance
Authors: Banks Joseph , Cocard Margot , Jaspe Jacobo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to quantify the membrane deformations and their impact on performance for a ribbed wing sail. A 1m x 0.8m rectangular planform NACA0012 foil was designed to replicate a single section of a wing-sail. Two foils were manufactured based on this geometry, one out of solid foam and one using a rib and membrane structure. These were tested in the R.J. Mitchell closed return 3.6 m x 2.5 m wind tunnel at the University of Southampton. Their aerodynamic performance was assessed over a range of angles of attack using a six-component force balance showing the overall performance of the membrane wing was reduced by between 5-11% depending on the analysis conducted. A stereo camera system was used to perform Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in order to quantify the full field deformation of the membrane wing structure whilst under aerodynamic load. This showed membrane deformations of up to 15% of the section thickness. The experimental membrane displacements were then used to create a deformed wing sail geometry, removing the effect of foil bend and twist, allowing a CFD investigation of the impact of membrane deformations alone. This indicated that the static membrane deformations resulted in a decrease in performance of up to 1.3% compared to the rigid aerofoil.
Quality of Service and Quality of Experience in Broadcasting
Authors: Murron Maurizio , Joskowicz Jose , Sotelo Rafael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article describes the concepts of Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) in broadcasting and multimedia systems, with focus on audio and video quality aspects. The differences between QoS and QoE are explained. The audio and video signal parameters relevant for quality in broadcasting are detailed and explained, along with the common artifacts that can be present during the coding and transmission process of each signal. The multimedia effect, obtained from the combination of audio and video, produces an overall QoE experience. The article describes the parameters that are identified as affecting the QoE of the whole experience.Subjective and objective methods for quality evaluation or for quality estimation are presented and explained, based on current international standards. Finally, trends and future development are described.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Omar Abbas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Imaging is the act of constructing a two‐ or three‐dimensional map of a certain physical property of an object to be imaged. There are different types of imaging, the best known of which is photography, which maps the object surface optical reflectivity. In acoustic imaging, also known as ultrasonic imaging, the material density is the object physical property that is mapped. Microwave imaging, on the other hand, maps the permittivity and conductivity of the imaged object.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) basically maps the density of certain nuclei in the imaged object, usually that of hydrogen atoms in water molecules. Nearly all fundamental particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons possess a characteristic angular momentum, which is associated with a
spin
magnetic moment in the case of charged particles. Applying a strong static magnetic field to an object results in directing these spins both parallel and antiparallel to the applied magnetic field. This gives rise to two energy states whose populations are governed by the laws of thermodynamics. If, in addition, an RF field of a certain frequency (the so‐called spin
Larmor
frequency) is properly applied for a certain time, the spins begin to
precess
about the direction of the static magnetic field, disturbing the thermodynamic equilibrium. During the process of restoring the thermodynamic equilibrium, the spins radiate an electromagnetic field of the same Larmor frequency, which can be received and used for constructing the magnetic resonance images.

In this article, the fundamentals of MRI are presented. Technical aspects, especially those related to the generation and detection of the RF field, are emphasized. The entire article has been the introductory part of a previous publication.
Enhanced Air and Electrochemical Stability of Li7P3S11–Based Solid Electrolytes Enabled by Aliovalent Substitution of SnO2
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Li Jianwei , Cheng Jun , Xu Xiaoyan , Chen Lina , Ci Lijie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSulfide solid electrolytes are excessively investigated on account of the high ionic conductivity. However, their applications are hindered by the air‐sensitivity and poor interfacial compatibility against lithium metal. Herein, Sn and O co‐doping strategy is designed to enhance the stability of the sulfide‐based solid state electrolyte towards air moisture and lithium metal. The ionic conductivity of Li7Sn0.1P2.8S10.5O0.2 is twice of that of the pristine Li7P3S11 due to the synergistic effect of Sn and O prepared by the solvent‐assisted ball milling method. Impressively, with partial substitution of S by O and P by Sn in Li7P3S11, the newly‐designed electrolyte largely suppresses the hydrolysis in the air. Furthermore, galvanostatic cycling of symmetric cells demonstrate that Li7Sn0.1P2.8S10.5O0.2 enables improved interfacial compatibility towards lithium metal. Hence, the all‐solid‐state batteries with Li7Sn0.5xP3−xS11−2.5xOx significantly elevate the cyclability and the reversible capacity. The co‐doping strategy provides a promising approach to achieve excellent chemical and electrochemical stability for the large‐scale application of sulfide‐based solid state electrolytes.
Interfacial Polarization and Dual Charge Transfer Induced High Permittivity of Carbon Dots‐Based Composite as Humidity‐Resistant Tribomaterial for Efficient Biomechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Li Zihua , Xu Bingang , Han Jing , Huang Junxian , Chung King Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTribopositive, scalable, and biocompatible materials are highly desired for high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this study, polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized N‐doped carbon dots (NCDs‐PEI) are synthesized and a novel approach to develop high‐output TENGs by incorporating high permittivity NCDs‐PEI into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the tribopositive composite (CPP composite) is proposed for the first time. By systematically manipulating the mass ratio of NCDs/PVA and PEI‐functionalized concentration, the optimized CPP composite‐based TENGs (CPP‐TENGs) reveal a remarkable enhancement in power density by 28.5 times as compared with pure PVA‐based TENGs. The considerable electric outputs of CPP‐TENGs can be attributed to the synergistic effect of interfacial polarization enhanced permittivity of CPP composite and boosted surface charge density induced by dual charge transfer pathways. Moreover, CPP‐TENGs present superior high‐output stability, durability, and humidity‐resistance, and can also effectively drive electronics at different humidity and monitor human body movements. This work renders a simple, feasible, and scalable pathway to boost the electrical performance of TENGs for biomotion energy harvesting as well as providing insights for exploiting novel tribomaterials in the development of high‐output TENGs.
Phase Engineering of Cesium Manganese Bromides Nanocrystals with Color‐Tunable Emission
Authors: Kong Qingkun , Yang Bin , Chen Junsheng , Zhang Ruiling , Liu Siping , Zheng Daoyuan , Zhang Hongling , Liu Qingtong , Wang Yiying , Han Keli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor display applications, it is highly desirable to obtain tunable red/green/blue emission. However, lead‐free perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) generally exhibit broadband emission with poor color purity. Herein, we developed a unique phase transition strategy to engineer the emission color of lead‐free cesium manganese bromides NCs and we can achieve a tunable red/green/blue emission with high color purity in these NCs. Such phase transition can be triggered by isopropanol: from one dimensional (1D) CsMnBr3 NCs (red‐color emission) to zero dimensional (0D) Cs3MnBr5 NCs (green‐color emission). Furthermore, in a humid environment both 1D CsMnBr3 NCs and 0D Cs3MnBr5 NCs can be transformed into 0D Cs2MnBr4⋅2 H2O NCs (blue‐color emission). Cs2MnBr4⋅2 H2O NCs could inversely transform into the mixture of CsMnBr3 and Cs3MnBr5 phase during the thermal annealing dehydration step. Our work highlights the tunable optical properties in single component NCs via phase engineering and provides a new avenue for future endeavors in light‐emitting devices.
Atropo‐Enantioselective Oxidation‐Enabled Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Arylations with Aryl Boronic Esters
Authors: Woźniak Łukasz , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtropo‐enantioselective biaryl coupling through C−H bond functionalization is an emerging technology allowing direct construction of axially chiral molecules. This approach is largely limited to electrophilic coupling partners. We report a highly atropo‐enantioselective C−H arylation of tetralone derivatives paired with aryl boronic esters as nucleophilic components. The transformation is catalyzed by chiral cyclopentadienyl (Cpx) iridium(III) complexes and enabled by oxidatively enhanced reductive elimination from high‐valent cyclometalated Ir‐species.
Hydroxyfluorooxoborate Na[B3O3F2(OH)2]⋅[B(OH)3]: Optimizing the Optical Anisotropy with Heteroanionic Units for Deep Ultraviolet Birefringent Crystals
Authors: Jin Congcong , Shi Xuping , Zeng Hao , Han Shujuan , Chen Zhen , Yang Zhihua , Mutailipu Miriding , Pan Shilie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaximizing the optical anisotropy in birefringent materials has emerged as an efficient route for modulating the polarization‐dependent light propagation. Currently, the generation of deep‐ultraviolet (deep‐UV) polarized light below 200 nm is essential but challenging due to the interdisciplinary significance and insufficiency of high‐performing birefringent crystals. Herein, by introducing multiple heteroanionic units, the first sodium difluorodihydroxytriborate‐boric acid Na[B3O3F2(OH)2]⋅[B(OH)3] has been characterized as a novel deep‐UV birefringent crystal. Two rare heteroanionic units, [B3O3F2(OH)2] and [B(OH)3], optimally align to induce large optical anisotropy and also the dangling bonds are eliminated with hydrogens, which results in an extremely large birefringence and band gap. The well‐ordered OH/F anions in [B3O3F2(OH)2] and [B(OH)3] were identified and confirmed by various approaches, and also the origin of large birefringence was theoretically discussed. These results confirm the feasibility of utilizing hydrogen involved heteroanionic units to design crystals with large birefringence, and also expand the alternative system of deep‐UV birefringent crystals with new hydroxyfluorooxoborates.
A Chiral Lanthanide Tag for Stable and Rigid Attachment to Single Cysteine Residues in Proteins for NMR, EPR and Time‐Resolved Luminescence Studies
Authors: Herath Iresha D. , Breen Colum , Hewitt Sarah H. , Berki Thomas R. , Kassir Ahmad F. , Dodson Charlotte , Judd Martyna , Jabar Shereen , Cox Nicholas , Otting Gottfried , Butler Stephen J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA lanthanide‐binding tag site‐specifically attached to a protein presents a tool to probe the protein by multiple spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance and time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopy. Here a new stable chiral LnIII tag, referred to as C12, is presented for spontaneous and quantitative reaction with a cysteine residue to generate a stable thioether bond. The synthetic protocol of the tag is relatively straightforward, and the tag is stable for storage and shipping. It displays greatly enhanced reactivity towards selenocysteine, opening a route towards selective tagging of selenocysteine in proteins containing cysteine residues. Loaded with TbIII or TmIII ions, the C12 tag readily generates pseudocontact shifts (PCS) in protein NMR spectra. It produces a relatively rigid tether between lanthanide and protein, which is beneficial for interpretation of the PCSs by single magnetic susceptibility anisotropy tensors, and it is suitable for measuring distance distributions in double electron–electron resonance experiments. Upon reaction with cysteine or other thiol compounds, the TbIII complex exhibits a 100‐fold enhancement in luminescence quantum yield, affording a highly sensitive turn‐on luminescence probe for time‐resolved FRET assays and enzyme reaction monitoring.
A fast sequential algorithm for the matrix chain ordering problem
Authors: Lacmou Zeutouo Jerry , Kengne Tchendji Vianney , Myoupo Jean Frédéric 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis article presents a fast sequential algorithm for the matrix chain ordering problem. Our solution is based on Yao's sequential algorithm that solves this problem in time by reducing the total number of distinct subproblems to be performed. We solve them fastly by avoiding some unnecessary computations. Our strategy consists in organizing the evaluation of the subproblems according to their dependencies instead of their precedence order as in the previous solutions. In many cases, our solution runs in time. An experimental study is conducted to benchmark the performance of our algorithm by measuring the average of the results obtained on five random data sets. This shows that our algorithm is 18.93 faster than Yao's sequential algorithm and 5.07 faster than the previous best CGM‐based parallel solutions on 32 processors.
Prognostic impact of Clinical Frailty Scale in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sunaga Akihiro , Hikoso Shungo , Yamada Takahisa , Yasumura Yoshio , Uematsu Masaaki , Tamaki Shunsuke , Abe Haruhiko , Nakagawa Yusuke , Higuchi Yoshiharu , Fuji Hisakazu , Mano Toshiaki , Kurakami Hiroyuki , Yamada Tomomi , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Sato Taiki , Oeun Bolrathanak , Kida Hirota , Kojima Takayuki , Sotomi Yohei , Dohi Tomoharu , Okada Katsuki , Suna Shinichiro , Mizuno Hiroya , Nakatani Daisaku , Sakata Yasushi ,   OCVC‐Heart Failure Investigators
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsFrailty is associated with prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, the significance of frailty in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in real‐world patients with HFpEF using data from a prospective multicentre observational study of patients with HFpEF (PURSUIT‐HFpEF study).Method and ResultsWe classified 842 patients with HFpEF enrolled in the PURSUIT‐HFpEF study into two groups using CFS. The registry enrolled patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of decompensated heart failure. Median age was 82 [interquartile range: 77, 87], and 45% of the patients were male. Of 842 patients, 406 were classified as high CFS (CFS ≥ 4, 48%) and 436 as low CFS (CFS ≤ 3, 52%). The primary endpoint was the composite of all‐cause mortality and heart failure admission. Secondary endpoints were all‐cause mortality and heart failure admission. Patients with high CFS were older (85 vs. 79 years, P < 0.001), predominantly female (65% vs. 46%, P < 0.001) and more likely to have New York Heart Association (NYHA) ≥ 2 (75% vs. 53%, P < 0.001) and a higher level of NT‐proBNP (1360 vs 838 pg/mL, P < 0.001) than those with low CFS. Patients with high CFS had a significantly greater risk of composite endpoint (Kaplan–Meier estimated 1‐year event rate 39% vs. 23%, log‐rank P < 0.001), all‐cause mortality (Kaplan–Meier estimated 1‐year event rate 17% vs. 7%, log‐rank P < 0.001) and heart failure admission (Kaplan–Meier estimated 1‐year event rate 28% vs. 19%, log‐rank P = 0.002) than those with low CFS. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that high CFS was significantly associated with composite endpoint (adjusted HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.35–2.73, P < 0.001), all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.39–4.66, P = 0.003) and heart failure admission (adjusted HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.03–2.32, P = 0.035) even after adjustment for covariates. Moreover, change in CFS grade was also significantly associated with composite endpoint (adjusted HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.36, P < 0.001), all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.55, P = 0.001) and heart failure admission (adjusted HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30, P = 0.021).ConclusionsFrailty assessed by the CFS was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HFpEF.