bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nationwide prospective multicenter study of external ventricular drainage: accuracy, safety, and related complications
Authors: Dakson Ayoub , Kameda-Smith Michelle , Staudt Michael D. , Lavergne Pascal , Makarenko Serge , Eagles Matthew E. , Ghayur Huphy , Guo Ru Chen , Althagafi Alwalaa , Chainey Jonathan , Touchette Charles J. , Elliott Cameron , Iorio-Morin Christian , Tso Michael K. , Greene Ryan , Bargone Laurence , Christie Sean D. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
External ventricular drainage (EVD) catheters are associated with complications such as EVD catheter infection (ECI), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and suboptimal placement. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of EVD catheter complications and their associated risk factor profiles in order to optimize the safety and accuracy of catheter insertion.

METHODS
A total of 348 patients with urgently placed EVD catheters were included as a part of a prospective multicenter observational cohort. Strict definitions were applied for each complication category.

RESULTS
The rates of misplacement, ECI/ventriculitis, and ICH were 38.6%, 12.2%, and 9.2%, respectively. Catheter misplacement was associated with midline shift (p = 0.002), operator experience (p = 0.031), and intracranial length (p < 0.001). Although mostly asymptomatic, ICH occurred more often in patients receiving prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (p = 0.002) and those who required catheter replacement (p = 0.026). Infectious complications (ECI/ventriculitis and suspected ECI) occurred more commonly in patients whose catheters were inserted at the bedside (p = 0.004) and those with smaller incisions (≤ 1 cm) (p < 0.001). ECI/ventriculitis was not associated with preinsertion antibiotic prophylaxis (p = 0.421), catheter replacement (p = 0.118), and catheter tunneling length (p = 0.782).

CONCLUSIONS
EVD-associated complications are common. These results suggest that the operating room setting can help reduce the risk of infection, but not the use of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Although EVD-related ICH was associated with LMWH prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis, there were no significant clinical manifestations in the majority of patients. Catheter misplacement was associated with operator level of training and midline shift. Information from this multicenter prospective cohort can be utilized to increase the safety profile of this common neurosurgical procedure.
Feasibility of lateral mass screw insertion in patients with the risky triad of C1: evaluation of the over-the-arch technique
Authors: Lee Hyung Rae , Lee Dong-Ho , Cho Jae Hwan , Hwang Eui Seung , Seok Sang Yun , Park Sehan , Lee Choon Sung 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and complications of the over-the-arch (OTA) technique for screw insertion into the C1 lateral mass in patients in whom conventional techniques (i.e., posterior arch [PA] and inferior lateral mass [ILM]) are not feasible due to 1) PA with a very small height (< 3.5 mm), 2) a caudally tilted PA blocking the inferior part of the C1 lateral mass, or 3) loss of height at the ILM (< 3.5 mm).

METHODS
The authors reviewed the medical records of 60 patients who underwent C1 screw fixation with the OTA technique (13 screws) and the PA/ILM technique (107 screws) between 2011 and 2019. Vertebral artery (VA) injuries, screw malposition, and bony union were radiologically assessed. Clinical outcome measures, including Neck Disability Index (NDI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale score, and occipital neuralgia, were recorded.

RESULTS
Thirteen OTA screws were successfully inserted without any major complications. NDI and JOA scale scores did not show significant differences between the two groups at final follow-up. No VA injuries were recognized during screw insertion. There was no evidence of ischemic damage to the VA or bony erosion in the occiput or atlas. Medial wall violation was observed in 1 screw (7.7%); however, no C0–1, C1–2, or lateral wall violations were observed. No patients developed new-onset neuralgia postoperatively after C1 fixation with the OTA technique.

CONCLUSIONS
The OTA technique was safe and useful for C1 screw fixation in patients in whom conventional techniques could not be employed.
IgG4-related pachymeningitis masquerading as foramen magnum meningioma: illustrative case
Authors: Suisa Haggai , Soustiel Jean Francois , Grober Yuval 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition with potential multiorgan involvement. Common manifestations include autoimmune pancreatitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Pathological analysis reveals lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4-positive cells and characteristic storiform fibrosis. Early treatment with glucocorticoids may prevent progression to poorly responsive fibrotic disease.

OBSERVATIONS
A 63-year-old female patient presented with reports of left-sided headaches, nausea, and photophobia in addition to recently diagnosed chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Neurological examination revealed dysarthria secondary to left hypoglossal nerve palsy. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a contrast-enhancing extraaxial mass at the left craniocervical junction, CRS with secondary hyperostotic reaction, and multiple hypodense lesions involving the occipital bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a dural-based lesion involving the foramen magnum and invading the left hypoglossal canal. The patient underwent a far-lateral craniotomy. Histopathological analysis revealed severe lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, storiform fibrosis and rich plasma-cell population positive for IgG4. Serum IgG4 was markedly elevated. Total-body CT showed no systemic involvement. The patient was diagnosed with IgG4-RD and was prescribed prednisone, with normalization of her IgG4 levels after 1 month.

LESSONS
IgG4-RD may mimic a variety of diseases, including skull-base meningiomas and CRS. Accurate diagnosis and expedited administration of steroids may prevent unnecessary interventions and progression to treatment-resistant fibrosis.
Increase in clivo-axial angle is associated with clinical improvement in children undergoing occipitocervical fusion for complex Chiari malformation: patient series
Authors: Marianayagam Neelan J. , Chae John K. , Hussain Ibrahim , Cruz Amanda , Baaj Ali A. , Härtl Roger , Greenfield Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
The authors analyzed the pre- and postoperative morphometric properties of pediatric patients with complex Chiari malformation undergoing occipitocervical fusion (OCF) to assess clinical outcomes and morphometric properties that might influence postoperative outcomes.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors retrospectively reviewed 35 patients younger than 22 years with Chiari malformation who underwent posterior fossa decompression and OCF with or without endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy at their institution (13 with and 22 without odontoidectomy). Clivo-axial angle (CXA), pB-C2, atlantodental interval, basion-dens interval, basion-axial interval, and canal diameter at the level of C1 were measured on preoperative and approximately 3-month postoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The authors further stratified the patient cohort into three age groups and compared the three cohorts. The most common presenting symptoms were headache, neck/shoulder pain, and dysphagia; 80% of the cohort had improved clinical outcomes. CXA increased significantly after surgery. When stratified into those who showed postoperative improvement and those who did not, only the former showed a significant increase in CXA. After age stratification, the significant changes in CXA were observed in the 7- to 13-year-old and 14- to 21-year-old cohorts.

LESSONS
CXA may be the most important morphometric predictor of clinical outcomes after OCF in pediatric patients with complex Chiari malformation.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ENTRAINMENT OF FINE SIZED CALCITE AND CHROMITE PARTICLES BY A FLOTATION COLUMN WITH NEGATIVE BIAS REGIME
Authors: BİLİR Kemal 
Published: December 2021

Negatively Biased Flotation Column (NBFC) is a tool, which is developed for the flotation of coarse-sized ores. Unlike the conventional flotation column, in this column, there is no froth zone and wash-water is usually not used. Therefore, hydrodynamically entrainment of fine-sized particles into the concentrate is possible, and this may result in a decrease in the grade or yield of the concentrate.
In this study, operating parameters that can affect the entrainment of fine-sized particles were investigated. Calcite with a grade of 99.4% (CaCO3) and chromite concentrates with a grade of 54.8% (Cr2O3) were used in the experiments. Parameters such as superficial water flowrate, particle size, air flow rate, frother dosage and particle density were used in the experiments. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the amount of entrainment increased as the particle size and density decreased, and decreased with increasing superficial water flowrate, air flow rate and frother dosage.
ІНТЕРАКТИВНІ МЕТОДИ НАВЧАННЯ, ЯК ОДИН ІЗ ШЛЯХІВ АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НА УРОКАХ МАТЕМАТИКИ В СТАРШІЙ ШКОЛІ
Authors: Беседін Борис , Беседіна Ірина , Гайдар Сергій 
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена педагогічній проблемі вивчення та розробці теоретико-практичних основ активізації пізнавальної діяльності на уроках математики в старшій школі шляхом впровадження інтерактивних методів навчання. Суть застосування інтерактивних методів навчання полягає в відмові від традиційних методів взаємодії з учнями, де процес навчання не передбачає взаємодію учнів між собою підчас проведення уроку, і переходу до нових, де кожний учасник навчального процесу є її активним учасником.
Важливою проблемою в сучасній освіті залишається питання урізноманітнення навчального процесу, активізації пізнавальної діяльності учнів, розширення сфери їх інтересів. Урок математики важкий для сприймання у більшості учнів, через що знижується зацікавленість до предмету. Тому проблема активізації пізнавальної діяльності на уроках математики є однією з найактуальніших.
Пізнавальна активність учня – інтегральне утворення особистості, яке складається з мотиваційного, операційного та результативного компонентів і має свої особливості, а саме: пізнавальну потребу особистості, прояв інтелектуальної ініціативи, вихід особистості за межі даної діяльності за власним бажанням.
Важливою стороною проблеми активізації навчально-пізнавальної діяльності є, перш за все, соціальний аспект. Потяг до знань, високу пізнавальну активність і уміння самостійно працювати над собою потрібно розвивати й виховувати у школі. Успішне розв’язання цього завдання створює надійні передумови для глибокого та міцного оволодіння навчальним матеріалом, забезпечуючи умови для наступної систематичної роботи учнів над собою, практичну реалізацію ідеї неперервної освіти та самоосвіти.
Велике значення мають також психолого-педагогічні передумови розв’язання зазначеної проблеми. Оновлення змісту освіти, приведення її у відповідність до сучасних потреб особистості й суспільства потребує постійного вдосконалення процесу навчання. У системі навчальних занять широке застосування повинні знайти найбільш ефективні методи і прийоми організації навчання. Учень не буде виявляти розумової напруги, настирливості у навчанні, не зможе усвідомити і опрацювати матеріал, що вивчається, якщо не відчуває потреби у його засвоєнні. Ось чому все більшого значення набувають інтерактивні методи роботи з учнями. Новітні підходи до організації навчання роблять навчально-виховний процес різноманітним, цікавим та ефективним, а нaйкориснішим у такому навчанні є те, що матемaтика починає подобатиcя.
Solar Energy in Cuba: Current Situation and Future Development
Authors: Jorge Morales Pedraza  
Published: December 2021

Cuba, a small island in the Caribbean Sea with a total land area of 109.884 km2 and a population of around 11.423 million, has no significant proved oil, gas and coal reserves. Also use, in a very limited manner, some of the four main renewable energy sources available in the country for electricity production, generating just 50,1 GW/h or 4,04% of the total electricity consumed in 2015 (20.288 GW/h). In 2016, electricity consumption fell to 15.182 GW/h; this means a reduction of 25% in comparison to 2015. In 2016, the participation of renewable energy sources in the energy mix of the country reached 4,65%.
The different renewable energy sources available in the country are hydropower, wind power, solar photovoltaic, and bioenergy. In 2015, out of Cuba’s total 566 MW of renewable energy capacity installed, 83% of the total was in the bioenergy sector. In 2016, the renewable energy capacity installed in the country reached 642 MW.
According to the decision adopted by the Cuban government, the participation of renewable energy sources in the energy mix of the country should reach 24% in 2030, an increase of almost 20% compared to the level reported in 2016. Among the different renewable energy sources available in the country, solar energy is one of the main contributors to the national energy system, and also one of the leading supplier of energy to independent users all over the country.
Spirulina, wakame or goji berries do not lower markers of low-grade systemic inflammation in healthy subjects
Authors: Driessche Jose J. Van den , Mensink Ronald P. , Plat Jogchum 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: We have earlier reported that consumption of the algae spirulina (Arthrospira platensis or maxima) and wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) for 17 days, and a single dose of goji berries (Lycium barbarum) did not affect fasting or postprandial CVD risk markers in healthy subjects. However, evidence is increasing that low-grade systemic inflammation is also an important marker for CVD risk. Based on information from in vitro and animal studies, we hypothesize that both consumption of the algae spirulina and wakame as well as a single dose of goji berries lowers markers for low-grade inflammation. Methods: Two randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trials were performed. In the algae study, 35 non-hypercholesterolemic, healthy subjects consumed 4.8 grams of spirulina, wakame or placebo for 17 days, separated by 14-day washout periods. After 17 days, fasting serum TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and hsCRP concentrations were measured. In the goji berry study, 17 healthy, overweight men received a mixed meal with or without 25 grams of dried goji berries. Before and up to 4 hours after meal intake, serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured. Results: Consumption of spirulina or wakame did not affect serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8 or hsCRP. In the goji berry study, serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations increased postprandially. For IL-8, these increases were more pronounced after the goji berry meal compared to the control meal (P = 0.003). No effects on TNFα were observed. Conclusion: 17 days of spirulina or wakame consumption, or a single dose of goji berries did not lower markers of low-grade systemic inflammation in healthy, non-immunocompromised subjects. It is plausible that anti-inflammatory effects of these interventions can only be expected in subjects with an inflammatory risk.Keywords: spirulina, wakame, goji berries, low-grade systemic inflammation, cytokines
MODERASI BERAGAMA SEBAGAI JALAN DAKWAH MAYORITAS MUSLIM PADA MINORITAS NON MUSLIM
Authors: Sugianto Sugianto , Hidayat Rahmat 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This study discusses the expression of religious moderation of the majority (Muslim) group against the minority group (non-Muslim) in Rama Puja Village, East Lampung. In addition, the purpose of this study is to produce a formulation of the ideal and appropriate expression of Religious Moderation for Islamic societies that live in plural and multicultural social conditions. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with data collection methods through interviews, participant observation and documentation. In analyzing the data, the researcher applied a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. The expected results of the research are: the expression of religious moderation of the majority group against the minority of Rama Puja Village, East Lampung, manifested in political expressions, expressions of worship and expressions of social activities. On the basis of these findings, it can be used as a role model in religion, especially the majority against minority groups.
Research of the applicability of machine learning methods for assessment of departments’ performance
Authors: Mukanova A. R. , Otsokov Sh. A. 
Published: December 2021

Currently, a number of educational organizations in Russia and abroad, including the National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” (MPEI), are introducing the European improvement model EFQM, designed to analyze and improve the educational, scientific and other activities of the departments. In accordance with this model, each university department is assigned a score equal to the sum of points for two groups of criteria: criteria from the group of opportunities and criteria from the group of results. To obtain such assessments, a commission consisting of external experts, EFQM assessors and university staff meets with heads of departments. Based on the results of the discussion of the results of the meetings, the commission determines the score and rating of the departments in accordance with the EFQM model.The purpose of the work presented in the article is to study the possibility of using machine learning to simplify the work of experts in terms of obtaining estimates according to criteria from a group of results.The article proposes a system for evaluating the activities of departments according to criteria from a group of results based on machine learning. A program in the Python programming language has been developed, which evaluates the activities of departments according to these criteria for each department of the MPEI. The program receives the initial data for such assessments from the monitoring system of key performance indicators implemented in MPEI.
Effect of Leafflower (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) treatment on kidney and uterus in sodium chloride -induced fibrotic rats
Authors: Pahmi Khairil , M. Sidratullah  
Published: December 2021

Background. Phyllanthus niruri (local name : meniran) extract is utilized in treating kidney and uterus disease. Effects of ethanol extract of P. niruri on kidney and uterus of 2% NaCl triggered fibrotic rats had been studied.
Aim of Study. Aim of this study to explore the effect of leafflower (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) treatment on kidney and uterus in 2% NaCl - induced fibrotic rats.
Methods. Wistar rats were challenged with 2% NaCl in drinking water to induce fibrotic kidney and uterus. Phyllanthus niruri extract (200 mg/kg) was given orally for 4 weeks. Matrix extracellular abundance was determined by HE Staining and measured by METAVIR Fibrosis Score. The results of this study were assayed by SPSS 16.
Results. P. niruri extract was potent to reduce the matrix extracellular in 2% NaCl-induced rats compared to control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion. P. niruri extract was potent to decrease the matrix extracellular in the kidney and uterus of the rats.
The Effect of Ethynil Estradiol and Desogestrel on Proliferation and Apoptosis Hydatidiform Mole Trophoblast Cell
Authors: Sastradinata Irawan , Andrijono  , Mohamad Farid Aziz  , Wan Lelly H  , Sri Hartini  , Bambang Sutrisna  
Published: December 2021

Background: To explore the effect of ethynil estradiol and desogestrel on proliferation and apoptosis hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell.
Methods: From April 2008 until March 2009, we collected 15 samples of hydatidiform mole tissue. Trophoblast cells was isolated and culture at RPMI 20% FBS medium. Only 7 samples (46%) shown good growth. Cell was identified using cytology and β HCG test. Trophoblast cells good quality than devided into three groups observation. First group get ethynil estradiol 10 nmol/mL, second group get desogestrel 100 nmol/mL, Third group get DMSO 1%. Cells incubated and observe at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours. Cell cycle, apoptosis and β HCG was evaluated at each time observation. Cell cycle evaluation using BD cycle test plus DNA reagent, apoptosis evaluation using FITC-Annexin V. Analyze using FACSCalibur flowcytometer. β HCG evaluation using Abbott AxSym total β-HCG reagent pack.
Results: The group of cell that get ethynil estradiol in concentration 10 nmol/mL had cell proliferation index, amount cells and β HCG level higher than control after 72 hours observation. The group of cell that get desogestrel in concentration 100 nmol/mL have cell proliferation index, amount cells and β HCG level lower than control after 48 hours observation. There are no differences of apoptosis between the two group and control.
Conclusion: Ethynil estradiol will increase proliferation of hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell, while desogestrel will decrease proliferation of hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell. There are no effect of ethynil estradiol and desogestrel on apoptosis of hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell.
Surgical Site Infection Post Caesarean Section: A Case Report
Authors: Hartati  , Febi Stevi Aryani  , M Satria Erlangga Sinum  , Emasrissa Murwani  
Published: December 2021

Background. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major complication of surgery which can increase morbidity, mortality and cost of hospitality. Incidence of SSI at a healthcare provider/facility reflected a service quality of that institution.
Case presentation. A 28-years-old woman, a housewife, P2A1, post-caesarean section 12 days ago. Pasien datang dengan keluhan utama badan lemas dan terdapat nanah pada luka bekas operasi. Ia mengeluh perutnya terasa semakin panas, dan keluar cairan bening sebelum muncul nanah pada luka operasi. Pasien juga mengeluh demam, mual dan lemas akhir-akhir ini Laboratory investigations showed Hb 11,9 g/dL, Leukosit 11.100 m/L, trombosit 601.000. MCV 70,7 fL MCH 24 pg MCHC 32 g/dL TIBC 392 mg/dL serum Iron 54 mg/dL Ferritin 19,8 ng/mL, CRP reactive. Patient was wound dressing and given levofloxacin 500mg three times a day intravascular for three days and continue with ciprofloxacin three time a day oral. Patient was suggest to repeat laboratory test after therapy to evaluate therapy response.
Conclusion: The result showed that time of prophylactic antibiotics can used to minimize the occurrence of SSI in post-caesarean section patients.