bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation and obstacles of cattle farmers on innovation adoption during Covid-19 pandemic in Agam regency, West Sumatera province
Authors: Ediset  , Anas A , Heriyanto E , Alianta A A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The research was conducted to investigate the motivation and the constraints of cattle farmers on innovations innovation during Covid-19 pandemic. It was conducted in Beef Cattle Development Central in Agam Regency, West Sumatera according to Regional Working Plan 2016. The research used survey method and observation with ninety-six cattle farmers in four districts (Ampek Angkek district, Baso district, Canduang district, and Tilatang Kamang district) as respondents which were determined by Slovin’s Formula. The results showed that motivation variables (profit, freedom of choice, wishful thinking and independency indicators) were significantly affected by farmers. In contrast, obstacle variables (cost, time availability, the complexity of innovation, and suitability of innovation on what farmers need) were not-significantly effect to farmers. Meaning that the farmers still in high motivation to adopt an innovation during Covid-19 pandemic. The obstacles of innovation adoption were in low level because the farmers still have the desire to level up their wealthiness even in Covid-19 pandemic.
White Midrib (WMR) vs Brown Midrib (BMR) sorghum: perspective of nutrient value for ruminant forage
Authors: Wahyono T , Indiratama W M , Sihono  , Human S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars can be classified as white midrib (WMR) and brown midrib (BMR). The BMR cultivar is the most potentially to be used as ruminant forage. However, the WMR, as conventional sorghum, has fairly good nutrient characteristics as roughage. The objective of our study was to evaluate the nutrient composition, fiber characteristics and nutrient value predictions of stem, leaf and panicle of Numbu variety (WMR type) and G5 mutant lines (BMR type). Five replication of two cultivars made up a randomized block design during 115 days cultivation in South Jakarta. Nutrient composition, fiber compounds and nutrient value predictions of stem, leaf and panicle were measured. There was no difference on crude protein (CP) content on stem, leaf and panicle between Numbu and G5. Numbu, as WMR type, has higher stem and leaf acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose content (p<0.05) than G5. This study also proved that, G5, as BMR sorghum, had lower stem acid detergent ligin (ADL) level (p<0.05) than WMR. In panicle part, G5 had higher non fiber carbohydrate (NFC) (p<0.01) than Numbu. The stem relative feed value (RFV) represented by G5 is 136.37 and include in premium class. Conversely, Numbu included in good class, with a value of 109.83. Nutrient value characteristics of each part of sorghum is expected to be used as reference in preparing the ingredients for rations based on sorghum forage.
Agricultural soil reclamation and restoration of soil organic matter and nutrients via application of organic, inorganic and bio fertilization (Mini review)
Authors: Imran  , Amanullah  , Hussain I , Ali I , Ullah S , Iqbal A , -Al Tawaha A R , Al-Tawaha A R , Thangadurai D , Sangeetha J , Rauf A , Saranraj P , Al Sultan W , AL-Taey D K A , Youssef R A , Sirajuddin S N 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFood security is directly related to the ability of the land to support the population. Causes for land degradation are numerous and include the decline of soil fertility, development of acidity, salinization, alkalization, deterioration of soil structure, accelerated wind and water erosion, loss of organic matter and biodiversity. Thereafter, it is of critical importance to increase soil health and restore degraded soils in order to achieve sustainable development. Restoring the soil quality for crop production through the appropriate soil management and conservation techniques is important for all nations, primarily those at risk with respect to food security. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in maintaining soil functions and preventing soil degradation. Both organic matter and microorganism serve as a reservoir of plant nutrients. This study concluded that soil organic carbon and other mineral and nutrients restoration were noted with the soil modification and incorporation of various organic amendments. Plant residues and field biomass were promising for nutrients replenishment while biochar was the key component for the enrichment of soil organic carbon. Animal-based residues and manure application enhanced soil mineral and micronutrients concentration with the advantage of soil reclamation and restoration.
Use of mycorrhiza in organic farming
Authors: Tawaha A R M , Khanum S , Imran  , Amanullah  , Al Tawaha A R , Thangadurai D , Sangeetha J , Rauf A , Khalid S , Saranraj P , Safari Z S , Zahid N A , Qazizadah A Z , Sirajuddin S N 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this review we discussed the role of mycorrhiza in organic farming. How mycorrhizal association, will help to improve and encouraging the idea of organic farming. How mycorrhizal association help the plants to grow and yield better without applying of chemical fertilizers and following the conventional farming practices. We discussed how AMF help plant to uptake nutrients, releasing chemicals which help plants to grow proper, developing resistance against weeds, pest and other microbes.
Isolation and nitrogen fixing efficiency of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus associated with sugarcane: A review
Authors: Saranraj P , Jayaprakash A , Devi V D , Al-Tawaha A R M , Al-Tawaha A R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present review was focused on the isolation and nitrogen-fixing efficiency of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus associated with sugarcane crop. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has a long-standing partnership with the bacterium Escherichia coli as an entophyte, which can efficiently fix atmospheric nitrogen. It plays a significant role and occurs in most sugarcane growing countries. It has been found to reside in the sugar cane root, stem, buds and leaves. Biological nitrogen fixation based farming systems would enhance agricultural production in the long term in both economically viable and socially acceptable way. This process not only replaces the most expensive fertilizer but also reduces considerably groundwater pollution with nitrates because biological nitrogen fixation was self-regulated. Convincing evidence has pointed out that biological nitrogen fixation requiring a relatively simple and low-cost technology, easy to execute and largely renewable sources of energy has a tremendous role to play in the immediate further of agriculture, especially in the developing and underdeveloped countries.
Effect on encapsulated liquid smoke in combination with formic acid on intestinal development and microbial counts in broiler
Authors: Widodo E , Pranibilan A A R , Ardilla Y N N , Natsir M H , Djunaidi I H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination between encapsulated coconut shell liquid smoke and formic acid on intestinal development and microflora population in the broiler. This study was carried out with 140 day old chicks (DOC) of strain Cobb allotted to 5 treatments and 4 replications, namely T0= basal feed added without addition of antibiotic, T1= basal feed added with 0.1% zinc bacitracin, T2=basal feed + 0.5% liquid smoke + 0.5% formic acid, T3=basal feed + 1% liquid smoke+0.5% formic acid, and T4=basal feed + 1.5% liquid smoke+0.5% formic acid. The variable of this research consists of length and weight of small intestine, pH and viscosity of ileal, and the total population of microorganism. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the data analyses have a significant effect continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that there was no significant differences (P>0.05) effect of treatment on intestinal development and characteristics, but it significantly increased (P<0.01) Lactobacillus and decreased Salmonella sp population. It can be concluded that the combination of encapsulated coconut shell liquid smoke 1.5 % with 0.5% formic acid in the broiler diet did not affect small intestinal development and characteristics, however improved the population of lactobacillus and decrease Salmonella sp. Based on the results might suggest that the combination of encapsulated liquid smoke and formic acid could be replaced the use of antibiotics in broiler feed.
Break-even point analysis and feasibility of livestock business Kampung Unggul Balitnak-Sentul Selected (KUB-SenSe) chicken farm in Talango Village, Kabila District, Bone Bolango Regency
Authors: Surya  , Fadwiwati A Y , Rosdiana  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the break-even point in terms of sales price, revenue, and production volume as well as to analyze the feasibility of raising the KUB-SenSe chicken in Talango Village, Kabila District, Bone Bolango Regency. This research usedd descriptive analysis using primary and secondary data. The data obtained were then calculated using the break-even point analysis formula and the feasibility analysis of the KUB-SenSe chicken raising livestock business. The results obtained indicated that the analysis of the break-even point of the sale price of the KUB-Sense chicken rearing business as many as 250 heads in Talango Village, Kabila District, Bone Bolango Regency is IDR 40,494 and the break-even point of receipt was IDR 8,595,901. This result showed that the revenue received by KUB-SenSe chicken farmers is profitable and the value is much greater than the break-even point of acceptance. Furthermore, the feasibility analysis is worth 1.24 which means it is feasible to be developed.
Development of pig farming based on Sili systems as a prototype of integrated agriculture farming system on highland West New Guinea, Indonesia
Authors: Monim H , Woran D , Rahardjo D D , Arim M , Widayati I , Syufi Y , Palulungan J A , Yohanes H , Saragih D , Runtuboi Y , Rumbiak F P , Iyai D A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Sili as local wisdom of integrated farming systems can sustain livelihood of households. The objective of study was to perform the roles of such local wisdom of the Sili into pig farming systems. Study was done in highland of Jayawijaya, Papua. The 40’silys were observed and 109 farmers were interviewed. Data gathered and stored into Excel Ms and descriptively analyzed. The finding of this research was household/Sili was 2-3 family, ages 46-55 years, sili size was 11-16 (35%), monthly income 1-3 millions/hh, source of income derived from integrated farming systems, crop grown 7-9, bedding was old and new shapes, livestock reared dominated by poultry, native pigs 90%, experience in raising pigs 1-20 years, and piglets production was 346 heads. Pig farming practice dominated by free range and confinement. The feed offered twice/day using sweet potatoes root and vines. Breed sourced from market, relative and previous stocks was selected using indicator of fast growth and healthy.
Effectiveness of microfinance institutions: Perspective of beef cattle farmers in Sinjai District, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Asnawi A , mrawaty A A , Nirwana  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Microfinance institutions have been present in several countries as informal financial institutions to overcome the low access to formal financial institutions. The objectives of MFIs in Indonesia, as contained in Law No. 1 of 2013 on MFIs, are that they aim to improve community access to micro-scale finance, increase economic empowerment and community productivity, and improve the incomes and well-being of the community, particularly the poor and/or income earners low. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of microfinance institutions for beef cattle farmers in South Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study conducted on several MFIs in Sinjai district. The questionnaire as a research tool was used to collect data while still referring to the Covid-19 prevention protocol in the community. Also, the FGD was carried out in compliance with the distance and the limited number of people and made known virtually through online seminars. Data analysis with descriptive statistics. The results showed that the existence of MFIs in rural areas was considered effective as breeders had easy access to finance without collateral, increased participation of MFI members and their involvement in various activities in rural areas, and increased livestock ownership and income generation of the breeders.
Price transmission on the Indonesian beef market
Authors: Komalawati K , Malik A , Jatuningtyas R K , Wulanjari M E 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBeef has been seen as one of the strategic commodities in Indonesia. As the awareness of people to protein consumption increasing, demand for beef and its prices are also rising. However, the rising consumer price of beef is not followed by the increasing price of beef at the producer level. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the transmission of beef prices at the consumer and producer level. This study used secondary data from the Agency for Central Statistics of Indonesia. The data used were the consumer and producer prices of beef from 2008 to 2016. The data were analyzed using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results show that the prices of beef at the consumer and the producer level are asymmetric and have uni direct relationships. The consumer prices of beef influence the producer prices of beef and not vice versa. It is recommended for the Government to formulate policies that could facilitate transparent information for every actor along the beef market chain. In the long-run, the Government needs to increase the population of domestic cattle and give incentives to domestic cattle farmers with large business scales.
Socio-economic profile of small-scale laying chicken farmers in Blitar Regency Indonesia
Authors: Hartono B , Febrianto N , Akhiroh P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Blitar Regency is one of the centers for livestock production in East Java, especially poultry. Egg production was 75% of the egg demand in East Java. There are many centers for producing eggs in Srengat, Ponggok, and Kademangan. Blitar Regency is selected as a research location with the consideration that it has the largest population of laying hens in Indonesia. The result showed that the number of respondents was 70 chicken farmers selected by purposive sampling. The number of family members about 45.5% has families, 4 people. The age of the farmers was 40–49 years old about 31.8%, while the smallest age was in the range of fewer than 19 years, which was 9.1%. the education of most respondents was junior and senior high school education levels about 31.8%. The breeding experience was 54.5% of respondents who had 1–10 years of farming experience. The livestock population of the largest respondents farmers is the total population of less than 5,000, about 65.2%. The conclusion of this research is the family member of farmers was 4 people, the educational level was senior high school, the age was 40–49, the experience was 1–10 years, livestock population was 5,000.
Revenue of broiler farming partnership system post covid-19 (case study in PT Anugerah Kartika Agro Kediri)
Authors: Febrianto N , Hartono B , Kusiimastuti A K , Akhiroh P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The broiler is poultry with great potential to be developed. The broiler farm business is still a top priority to produce meat and meet the needs of the community’s animal protein. The purpose of the research was to determine how the revenue of the post COVID-19 partnership broiler system. The data were collected from July to August 2020. Research method using case studies. The selected respondents were the broiler partnership plasma of PT Anugerah Kartika Agro in the Kediri area. The data analysis used was descriptive statistics. The results showed that the revenue of post COVID-19 plasma broiler farming was not much different before the COVID-19 existence. As high as the scale of a business, it will increase the revenue. However, on a scale of 4,000 to 6,000 chickens, it decreased due to differences in selling time and prices set by partner companies.
Potential and availability of feed in paddy fields for sustainable livelihoods of moving duck farmers in Pinrang regency South Sulawesi province
Authors: Kasim K , Salman D , Siregar A R , Nadja R A , Pakiding W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the potential and availability of duck fodder in paddy fields that supports the sustainability of moving duck farmers’ livelihoods. The research method used was measuring the type of food eaten by ducks in paddy fields after being harvested by tiling and cropping ducks. There were three types of local duck feed in paddy fields after harvesting that could be measured in this study, namely rice that was wasted and left behind on harvested stems (loses), golden snails and earthworms. The availability of feed based on dry weight, namely, paddy at 702.40 kg/hectare, golden snails at 251.20 kg/hectare and earthworms at 4 kg/hectare. The availability of feed in the form of golden snails was quite high, especially the fresh weight of 1.064 kg/hectare. Golden snails reproduced quickly when the fields were already inundated with water. The availability of feed in the form of earthworms is 40 kg/hectare. The results of the research from the harvesting of ducks released in the fields were the consumption of dry weight of feed of 53.24 g/duck. Thus, the estimated feed availability based on dry weight was 97.60 kg/hectare. So that one hectare of paddy fields could accommodate as many as 300 ducks for two months (60 days). For the sustainability of the availability of feed for ducks in the paddy fields after two months of grazing, it can be obtained from the fruit of paddy regrowth from paddy stalks/straw that live in paddy fields. Sources of food for ducks could also be obtained from grasses and small snails that have just hatched and several types of insects in the paddy fields. It concluded that the potential and availability of feed in the paddy fields after harvesting for ducks were still supportive. Therefore, it reduced the cost of feed for farmers.
The Vertical Profile of Chlorophyll-a in the Waters of Submarine Volcano of Kawio Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus M R , Fitriya N , Wijayanti L A S , Prayitno H B , Avianto P , Sugeha H Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The submarine volcano can release various materials into the waters and affect the distribution of chlorophyll. Nevertheless, studies in such kinds of exciting areas are rarely done. This study aims to determine the vertical profile of chlorophyll-a around the submarine volcano waters. A field survey was conducted in October 2018 in the photic zone (200 m) around the Kawio Barat submarine volcano waters, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured using a sensor of WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL as a proxy of chlorophyll-a. The temperature, salinity, and depth were measured using a CTD. The nutrients, including nitrate, orthophosphate, and silicate, were measured using autoanalyzer Skalar SAN++. The average of chlorophyll-a values ranged between 0.098 - 0.175 mg/m3. The highest average chlorophyll-a was found around the waters of Kawio Barat submarine-volcano. The vertical profile of chlorophyll-a indicated a forming of Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCM), located at a depth of 69 - 90 meters. In the Kawio Barat submarine volcano waters, the DCM is found in a depth of 90 m. It has chlorophyll-a concentration four times higher than the surface (5 m). The Principal of Component Analysis (PCA) shows that the temperature and salinity have a more substantial influence on the value of chlorophyll-a. Meanwhile, the nutrients are more influence firmly on the depth of DCM. This current study may conclude that the Kawio Barat submarine volcano waters are more productive than the other stations.
Introducing a Method for Calculating Carbon Emission Reduction on the Seagrass Ecosystem for Indonesia’s Low Carbon Development Initiative
Authors: Wahyudi A J , Prayudha B , Hafitz M , Alifatri L O , Hernawan U E , Salatalohi A , Febriani F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The increase of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) since the industrial revolution era affects the global carbon cycle and triggers climate changes. Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement and declared the emission reduction for climate action (Sustainable Development Goal 13) up to 29% (independently) or 41% (with international support) in 2030 relative to the business as usual (BAU) scenario. The effort to achieve this target is implemented on Low Carbon Development Initiative (LCDI) starting in 2020. LCDI adopts marine and fisheries as one of the implementing sectors that focus on blue carbon. To implement the activities as part of the carbon emission reduction within the LCDI, we have to establish a calculation method that should be measurable, reportable, and verifiable (MRV). The present article introduces the MRV method for calculating the carbon emission reduction for the Conservation/Protection Seagrass Ecosystem’s climate change mitigation activity on Marine Protected Area (MPA). We present how to calculate the baseline emission (business as usual), emission leakage when implementing the activity, and emission reduction. A case study on seagrass meadows of Kepulauan Seribu MPA is presented for the trial of the introduced method and formula. Using the proposed method is reliable enough to estimate carbon emission reduction from seagrass conservation activity within the MPA. We can calculate the carbon emission will reduce 4.35 tC relative to the BAU on Kepulauan Seribu MPA by 2030.
Introduced fish species and their characters in Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra
Authors: Samir O , Dina R , Sutrisno  , Haryani G S , Lukman  , Nasution S H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The diversity of indigenous fish species in Lake Maninjau has been declining with the rise of local people’s activities. One of the causes is the invasive species, which are initiated by introduced species. This study aims to discover the species, distribution, growth pattern, and condition factor including information of the environmental condition, supporting the existence and growth of introduced fish species in Lake Maninjau. Sampling was conducted at four locations in Lake Maninjau; Bayur, Linggai, Sigiran, and Galapung. Fishes were collected by experimental gillnet which vary in mesh size, 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; 2; 3; and 4 inches. These nets were set about 12 hours from 8 pm to 8 am on the next day, once a month in May, July, August, September, and October 2017. Four introduced fish species were observed and examined; there were Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Three-spotted cichlid), Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia), Pterygoplichtys pardalis (Armored Catfish), and Oxyeleotris marmorata (Marble Goby). O. marmorata and O. niloticus were recorded at all of the sampling locations. C. trimaculatum was recorded in Galapung and Sigiran, while P. pardalis only found in Bayur. These dominant fish species have growth patterns each; there are negative allometric (O. marmorata), isometric (C. trimaculatum), and positive allometric (O. niloticus). Moreover, these three fish species have an almost 1.00 condition factor; there were 0.988, 1.024, and 1.001, respectively. Results and discussion infer that introduced fish species in Lake Maninjau were distributed at several locations with good growth and condition.