bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable and Efficient White Photoluminescence from Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals/Polyfluorene Organogel Composite by Suppressing of Halide Ion Migration
Authors: Muthu Chinnadurai , Pious Johnpaul K. , Thankachan Tino , Krishna Nayana , Vijayakumar Chakkooth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLuminescent perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) receive great attention in recent years due to their sharp, intense, and easily tunable photoluminescence, suitable for optoelectronic applications. However, in reality, the emission bandgap tunability is limited due to rapid halide ion migration, commonly occurring in mixed halide perovskites. Consequently, it is challenging to produce white‐light emission by mixing PNCs having different emission colors. In this work, using a blue‐emitting polyfluorene (PF) to passivate the surface of yellow‐emitting CsPbBr1.5I1.5 based mixed halide PNC is reported not only to suppress the halide ion migration but also to generate stable and efficient white‐light emission through controlled excitation energy transfer from the former to the latter. PF gel arrests the detachment of capping ligands from the surface of nanocrystals, thereby hinders the halide ion migration and prevents the generation of related trap states. Consequently, the nonradiative recombination of photogenerated charge carriers has significantly reduced, resulting in the overall enhancement of the luminescence characteristics of the nanocrystals.
Recent Progress on Formamidinium‐Dominated Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Huang Yanmin , Lei Xiaojuan , He Tingwei , Jiang Yuanzhi , Yuan Mingjian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have attracted widespread attention in the photovoltaic field. The best‐certified perovskite single‐junction photovoltaics have achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 25.5%. Particularly, formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite material has been considered to be one of the most promising materials for fabricating highly efficient single‐junction solar cells due to its suitable bandgap (1.43 eV). However, the metastable α‐FAPbI3 perovskite phase, which can spontaneously transform into the undesirable δ phase, limits their further applications. Accordingly, stabilizing the α phase and achieving high‐quality films are keys for achieving high‐efficiency and long‐term operational perovskite photovoltaics. In this review, strategies for stabilization of α‐FAPbI3 are discussed in detail, and the corresponding thermodynamic mechanisms are also summarized. Moreover, the methods to eliminate defects and improve carrier transport are thoroughly reviewed, which is important for achieving high‐performance photovoltaic devices with outstanding long‐term operational stability. Finally, possible the future research directions of FAPbI3 photovoltaics toward commercialization are discussed.
Novel methyl‐orange assisted core‐shell polyaniline‐silver nanosheets for highly sensitive ammonia chemiresistors
Authors: Chaudhary Vishal , Chavali Murthy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA cost‐effective, eco‐friendly, one‐pot synthesis of a new class of homogenous core‐shell polyaniline‐silver nanocomposite was fabricated with the assistance of supramolecular aggregates of amphiphilic methyl‐orange (MO) and oxidant ions of silver nitrate (AgNO3). The morphology of nanocomposite transforms from spherical (core‐shell type: PA‐1) to plate‐like polygonal particles (PA‐2) with surge in concentration of AgNO3. The strong contrast of the TEM images depicts the presence of silver (Ag) at core and polyaniline (PAN) at the shell. The core‐shell structure of the synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed using KCN washing technique. The SAED pattern reveals the hexagonal nature of PAN‐Ag hybrid nanosheets with [111] orientation with interplanar spacing around 2.4 Å corresponding to face‐centered‐cubic structure of Ag. The X‐ray diffraction spectra reveal the crystalline nature of the hybrid. Furthermore, the chemiresistors fabricated using the PA nanocomposite was analyzed for ammonia (NH3) monitoring behavior. The fabricated room temperature chemiresistor was found to be highly sensitive (~47.1% sensitivity) towards low concentration (as low as 1 ppm) of NH3 with high selectivity and stability, which opens a new window for fabricating cost‐effective commercial sensors.
NOMENs land: The place of eponyms in the anatomy classroom
Authors: McNulty Margaret A. , Wisner Rebecca L. , Meyer Amanda J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe law of Non‐Original Malappropriate Eponymous Nomenclature (NOMEN) states that no phenomenon is named after its discoverer. However, eponymous terms are rife in the anatomical and medical literature. In this viewpoint commentary, the authors discuss the history of anatomical eponyms, explain the additional cognitive load imposed by eponyms that can negatively impact student learning and explore the view that eponyms are “pale, male and stale” in the socially conscious 21st century. The authors probe two of the most common arguments used to keep eponyms in anatomy education: (1) clinicians use them because they are easy, and (2) eponyms remind us of anatomy's history. Educators, clinicians and students need to work together to progress this movement and bring a modern lens to this discussion. Based on the arguments presented in this commentary, the authors propose that eponyms should be removed from anatomy curricula, textbooks and have no place in the anatomy classroom.
Regulation of Multicolor Fluorescence Changes Found in Donor‐acceptor‐type Mechanochromic Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Ishi‐i Tsutomu , Tanaka Honoka , Kichise Rihoko , Davin Christopher , Matsuda Takaaki , Aizawa Naoya , Park In Seob , Yasuda Takuma , Matsumoto Taisuke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe regulation of multicolor fluorescence changes in mechanochromic fluorescence (MCF) remains a challenging task. Herein, we report the regulation of MCF using a donor‐acceptor structure. Two crystal polymorphs, BTD‐pCHO(O) and BTD‐pCHO(R) produced by the introduction of formyl groups to an MCF dye, respond to a mechanical stimulus, allowing a three‐color fluorescence change. Specifically, the orange‐colored fluorescence of the metastable BTD‐pCHO(O) polymorph changed to a deep‐red color in the amorphous‐like state to finally give a red color in the stable BTD‐pCHO(R) polymorph. This change occurred by mechanical grinding followed by vapor fuming. The two different crystal packing patterns were selectively regulated by the electronic effect of the introduced functional groups. The two types of selectively formed crystals in BTD(F)‐pCHO bearing fluorine atoms, and BTD(OMe)‐pCHO bearing methoxy groups, respond to mechanical grinding, allowing for the regulation of multicolor MCL from a three‐color change to two different types of two‐color changes.
Different‐factor compact‐form model‐free adaptive control with neural networks for MIMO nonlinear systems
Authors: Chen Chen , Lu Jiangang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a different‐factor structure‐based compact‐form model‐free adaptive control method with neural networks (DF‐CFMFAC‐NN) is proposed for a class of general multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. Its novelty lies in that it is a pure data‐driven control method using merely input/output data without any model information involved. Moreover, by virtue of the different‐factor structure, it addresses the problem in the prototype CFMFAC that mainly deals with a class of MIMO systems with similar channel characteristics under a fixed topology. Aiming at different characteristics between control channels, widely existing in MIMO systems, DF‐CFMFAC‐NN with learning parameters shows powerful tracking ability and flexible design for each control channel, and learning parameters are auto‐tuned by back propagation neural networks (BPNNs) online based on their self‐learning and self‐adapting properties. In the tuning process, a one‐step‐ahead partial derivative is directly derived by the dynamic linearization technique utilized in DF‐CFMFAC, which greatly improves the prediction accuracy of parameters. The convergence of tracking error and the stability of the tuning process are guaranteed by rigorous theoretical analysis. A coal mill system is provided to demonstrate its effectiveness and practicability, demonstrating it to be a promising control method for MIMO nonlinear systems.
The axonal radial contractility: Structural basis underlying a new form of neural plasticity
Authors: Pan Xiaorong , Zhou Yimin , Hotulainen Pirta , Meunier Frédéric A. , Wang Tong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAxons are the longest cellular structure reaching over a meter in the case of human motor axons. They have a relatively small diameter and contain several cytoskeletal elements that mediate both material and information exchange within neurons. Recently, a novel type of axonal plasticity, termed axonal radial contractility, has been unveiled. It is represented by dynamic and transient diameter changes of the axon shaft to accommodate the passages of large organelles. Mechanisms underpinning this plasticity are not fully understood. Here, we first summarised recent evidence of the functional relevance for axon radial contractility, then discussed the underlying structural basis, reviewing nanoscopic evidence of the subtle changes. Two models are proposed to explain how actomyosin rings are organised. Possible roles of non‐muscle myosin II (NM‐II) in axon degeneration are discussed. Finally, we discuss the concept of periodic functional nanodomains, which could sense extracellular cues and coordinate the axonal responses. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/ojCnrJ8RCRc
A new method for detecting Na+, K+‐ATPase activity by ICP–MS: Quantitative analysis on the inhibitory effect of rhein on Na+, K+‐ATPase activity by ICP–MS in HCT116 cells
Authors: Dai Hui , Wang Yulin , Ren Chenchen , Ji Xiaojun , Zhou Yueke , Zhang Xinyue , Yin Fangzhou , Yin Wu , Tao Zhonghua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRhein is an active component from Chinese herbal medicine. It can cause diarrhea by inhibiting Na+, K+‐ATPase activity on intestinal epithelial cells, thus decreasing the re‐absorption of Na+ from intestinal tract to blood. However, when this Na+, K+‐ATPase inhibition was quantitated by a colorimetric method that measures ATPase‐catalyzed release of inorganic phosphorus, the data obtained were inconsistent and showed great variation. We developed a novel method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) to quantitate the amount of intracellular Rb+. This method largely mimics the 86RbCl tracer flux assay, but it uses non‐radioactive RbCl as a flux substrate. The results demonstrated that this method has better precision and accuracy than the conventional colorimetric method. More importantly, this method is free from radioactive substances, which is expected to make it safer and more convenient than the radioactive 86RbCl tracer flux method. In conclusion, the ICP–MS method for Na+, K+‐ATPase activity determination is novel and accurate. It can also provide a reference for studying the transport of other metal ions across membranes under biological conditions.
Using functional connectivity models to characterize relationships between working and episodic memory
Authors: Stark Gigi F. , Avery Emily W. , Rosenberg Monica D. , Greene Abigail S. , Gao Siyuan , Scheinost Dustin , Todd Constable R. , Chun Marvin M. , Yoo Kwangsun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionWorking memory is a critical cognitive ability that affects our daily functioning and relates to many cognitive processes and clinical conditions. Episodic memory is vital because it enables individuals to form and maintain their self‐identities. Our study analyzes the extent to which whole‐brain functional connectivity observed during completion of an N‐back memory task, a common measure of working memory, can predict both working memory and episodic memory.MethodsWe used connectome‐based predictive models (CPMs) to predict 502 Human Connectome Project (HCP) participants' in‐scanner 2‐back memory test scores and out‐of‐scanner working memory test (List Sorting) and episodic memory test (Picture Sequence and Penn Word) scores based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected both during rest and N‐back task performance. We also analyzed the functional brain connections that contributed to prediction for each of these models.ResultsFunctional connectivity observed during N‐back task performance predicted out‐of‐scanner List Sorting scores and to a lesser extent out‐of‐scanner Picture Sequence scores, but did not predict out‐of‐scanner Penn Word scores. Additionally, the functional connections predicting 2‐back scores overlapped to a greater degree with those predicting List Sorting scores than with those predicting Picture Sequence or Penn Word scores. Functional connections with the insula, including connections between insular and parietal regions, predicted scores across the 2‐back, List Sorting, and Picture Sequence tasks.ConclusionsOur findings validate functional connectivity observed during the N‐back task as a measure of working memory, which generalizes to predict episodic memory to a lesser extent. By building on our understanding of the predictive power of N‐back task functional connectivity, this work enhances our knowledge of relationships between working memory and episodic memory.
Hand preference in referential gestures: Relationships to accessing words for speaking in monolingual and bilingual children
Authors: Nicoladis Elena , Dueck Bryce S. , Zarezadehkheibari Shiva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionInfants’ right‐hand preference for pointing is associated with higher vocabulary. It is not clear whether the link between right‐hand preference for gesturing and language persists into the preschool years. The primary purpose of the present study was to test whether preschool children's hand preference for referential gestures was associated with their language abilities. Secondarily, we predicted that the children's right‐hand preference would be negatively associated with their visuospatial abilities. We also predicted that monolingual children would show a strong right‐hand preference while bilinguals might show a reduced right‐hand preference.MethodsMonolingual and bilingual children between the ages of four and six years did a storytelling task. Their referential gestures were coded for hand use (right, left, both). We measured language skills (receptive vocabulary, semantic fluency).ResultsWe found no difference between bilinguals and monolinguals on hand preference. Semantic fluency was a positive predictor and vocabulary a negative predictor of right‐hand preference. Children's visuospatial abilities were not a predictor of right‐hand preference.ConclusionThese results suggest that right‐hand preference may help children select semantically appropriate words out of their existing vocabulary. In other words, this preference may be related to children's construction of the message that they would like to produce. The association between hand preference and language skills persists into the preschool years.
External validity of randomized clinical trial studying preventing depressive symptoms following acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Madsen Michael Tvilling , Juel Knud , Simonsen Erik , Gögenur Ismail , Zwisler Ann Dorthe Olsen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to quantitatively explore aspects of external validity, both researcher's choices (eligibility) and patient's choices (consent), of a recently conducted clinical trial.MethodsA cohesive comparison between the MEDACIS trial (NCT02451293) database and a national quality and research database was conducted. Comparisons between both participants and nonconsenting patients (patient consent) and participants and noneligible patients (researcher selection) were performed. Comparisons of outcomes were depressive and anxiety symptoms, demographics, and somatic or psychiatric comorbidity.ResultsNoneligible patients had significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety and were older and more likely to suffer from unstable angina pectoris. Furthermore, noneligible patients were less likely to be married, had a lower educational level, used more medication, and had a higher frequency of comorbidity. Nonconsenting patients had significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety and were older and more likely to be females compared to participants.ConclusionSignificant differences were present between noneligible patients and participants; however, more troublingly significant differences were shown between nonconsenting patients and participants. The presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety has a significant impact on patients’ willingness to give informed consent in clinical trials in cardiology with a focus on psychological outcomes.
Validation of the multidimensional WHOQOL‐OLD in Ghana: A study among population‐based healthy adults in three ethnically different districts
Authors: Anum Adote , Adjorlolo Samuel , Akotia Charity S. , de‐Graft Aikins Ama 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesStudy of well‐being of older adults, a rapidly growing demographic group in sub‐Saharan Africa, depends on well‐validated tools like the WHOQOL‐OLD. This scale has been tested on different populations with reasonable validity results but has limited application in Africa. The specific goal of this paper was to examine the factor structure of the WHOQOL‐OLD translated into three Ghanaian languages: Ga, Akan, and Kasem. We also tested group invariance for sex and for type of community (distinguished by ethnicity/language).MethodsWe interviewed 353 older adults aged 60 years and above, selected from three ethnically and linguistically different communities. Using a cross‐sectional design, we used purpose and convenience methods to select participants in three geographically and ethnically distinct communities. Each community was made up of selected rural, peri‐urban, and urban communities in Ghana. The questionnaire was translated into three languages and administered to each respondent.ResultsThe results showed moderate to high internal consistency coefficient and factorial validity for the scale. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found that the results supported a multidimensional structure of the WHOQOL‐OLD and that it did not differ for males and females, neither did it differ for different ethnic/linguistic groups.ConclusionsWe conclude that the translated versions of the measure are adequate tools for evaluation of quality of life of older adults among the respective ethnic groups studied in Ghana. These results will also enable comparison of quality of life between older adults in Ghana and in other cultures.
Ppp6c deficiency accelerates K‐rasG12D‐induced tongue carcinogenesis
Authors: Kishimoto Kazuhiro , Kanazawa Kosuke , Nomura Miyuki , Tanaka Takuji , Shigemoto‐Kuroda Taeko , Fukui Katsuya , Miura Koh , Kurosawa Koreyuki , Kawai Masaaki , Kato Hiroyuki , Terasaki Keiko , Sakamoto Yoshimi , Yamashita Yoji , Sato Ikuro , Tanuma Nobuhiro , Tamai Keiichi , Kitabayashi Issay , Matsuura Kazuto , Watanabe Toshio , Yasuda Jun , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Shima Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEffective treatments for cancer harboring mutant RAS are lacking. In Drosophila, it was reported that PP6 suppresses tumorigenicity of mutant RAS. However, the information how PP6 regulates oncogenic RAS in mammals is limited.MethodsWe examined the effects of PP6 gene (Ppp6c) deficiency on tongue tumor development in K (K‐rasG12D)‐ and KP (K‐rasG12D + Trp53‐deficient)‐inducible mice.ResultsMice of K and KP genotypes developed squamous cell carcinoma in situ in the tongue approximately 2 weeks after the induction of Ppp6c deficiency and was euthanized due to 20% loss of body weight. Transcriptome analysis revealed significantly different gene expressions between tissues of Ppp6c‐deficient tongues and those of Ppp6c wild type, while Trp53 deficiency had a relatively smaller effect. We then analyzed genes commonly altered by Ppp6c deficiency, with or without Trp53 deficiency, and identified a group concentrated in KEGG database pathways defined as ‘Pathways in Cancer’ and ‘Cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction’. We then evaluated signals downstream of oncogenic RAS and those regulated by PP6 substrates and found that in the presence of K‐rasG12D, Ppp6c deletion enhanced the activation of the ERK‐ELK1‐FOS, AKT‐4EBP1, and AKT‐FOXO‐CyclinD1 axes. Ppp6c deletion combined with K‐rasG12D also enhanced DNA double‐strand break (DSB) accumulation and activated NFκB signaling, upregulating IL‐1β, COX2, and TNF.
Peri‐Implant Bone Augmentation by the Sub‐Periosteal Peri‐Implant Augmented Layer Technique and a Bovine‐Derived Bone Block: A Case Report
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Severi Mattia , Ortensi Luca , Farina Roberto 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWhen used with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) delivered as a particulate, the sub‐periosteal peri‐implant augmented layer (SPAL) technique was effective in completely correcting up to 92% of peri‐implant buccal bone dehiscences. The use of a DBBM block (bDBBM), however, may result in an improvement of the peri‐implant bone dehiscence as well as a relevant lateral bone augmentation since its mechanical properties may ensure a better dimensional stability at flap manipulation than particulate DBBM. The aim of the present a proof‐of‐principle case report is to investigate if SPAL may be successfully used to obtain bone augmentation at peri‐implant dehi scence sites when used with bDBBM.Case presentationLateral bone augmentation was performed using the SPAL technique at two implants showing a buccal peri‐implant bone dehiscence immediately after their placement. A partial‐thickness flap was elevated, leaving the periosteal layer on the buccal cortical bone plate. The periosteal layer was, in turn, elevated to create a pouch, which was used to stabilize a bDBBM graft at the peri‐implant buccal bone dehiscences. At re‐entry, exposed implant surfaces were completely covered by new thick hard tissue up to their most coronal portion. A free epithelial‐connective tissue graft was used to augment the peri‐implant soft tissue phenotype.ConclusionWhen used to accommodate bDBBM over the most coronal portion of an exposed implant, SPAL may successfully lead to an increase in peri‐implant buccal tissue thickness.