bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the efficiency of cleaning gas emissions from foundry
Authors: Burda Y. , Cherednik A. , Redko I. , Pivnenko Y. 
Published: March 2021

The work is devoted to the topical problem of increasing the efficiency of cleaning process of gases in packed-type scrubbers in order to reduce emissions of harmful substances and solid impurities into the atmosphere and improve the technical and economic indicators of wet gas cleaning systems. For this, a triangular cross-cut packing has been developed. Due to the size of the holes and their specific shape, the triangular packing provides longer contact of the packaging with water, which reduces water consumption. The packing is made of alloy steel AISI 316, so it can be used even in the most aggressive environment. In the work, the efficiency of cleaning with a scrubber with this packing is experimentally determined. The tests were performed at an ambient temperature of 23 °C. Several measurements were made for each type of packing, in a typical scrubber design. To conduct these industrial tests, a thermohygrometer-carbon dioxide gas analyzerAZ-7797 was used with high-precision NDIR (infrared) sensor, automatic background calibration (W/ABC), and compensation for deviations during long-term operation. The concentration measurement range is 0-9999 ppm with an error of ± 5 %. The gases were cooled in two stages. At first, they were cooled with ammonia water from 750 to 80 °C. Then they were fed to a primary gas refrigerator (basic type) of direct action, where its temperature were falled to 15 °C. Carbon dioxide concentration was measured after the first stage of cooling, after the final cooling, and after the cleaning process. The comparison is carried out with the most effective types of packing for wet gas cleaning today – chordal wood and Raschig rings. It is shown that the developed triangular packing with cross-shaped notches during the purification of coke oven gas from carbon dioxide improves the purification by 25 % in comparison with the wooden chord one, and by 15 % - with Raschig rings. This allows us to recommend it for widespread implementation.
Influence of water area depth on wind waves
Authors: Vitalii V. Yakovlev  , Volodymyr A. Voskoboinick  , Vitalii V. Khomicky  , Viktor O. Tkachenko  , Oleksandr A. Voskoboinyk  , Lidiia M. Tereshchenko  , Andrew V. Voskoboinick  , Viktoriia V. Bondar  
Published: March 2021

A semi-empirical technique for calculating the parameters of wind waves at variable sea depths along the wind acceleration has been developed and presented. This technique allows you to determine the average values of wind wave heights, their length and period depending on the wind velocity, taking into account and without taking into account the heaping of water by wind. Within the framework of the described method, the calculations of wind wave parameters suitable for isobaths d = 20 m were performed for a specific study area of the Bistre (Novostambulske) branch of the Danube estuary, for the north-eastern and eastern wind directions. Numerical simulations were performed for the Black Sea in the location of the protection dam of the Maritime approach channel of the Danube-Black Sea deep-sea navigation. Numerical calculations of wind wave transformation in the water area near the protection dam for the most dangerous wind directions in stormy conditions were performed. For mathematical simulation, the maximum values of wind velocity and wave height were used, which were observed during the whole period of research of the Black Sea water area in the region of the dam. Within the framework of refraction theory, wave transformation calculations have been performed for the most wave-hazardous wind acceleration directions, namely, the north-eastern and eastern wind directions. It is shown that taking into account the heaping of water by wind leads to an increase in the parameters of gravitational waves. The results of numerical simulations have shown that with the increase of wind acceleration exceeding the limit values, the parameters of the waves reach constant values. These values depend on the bathymetry of the seabed, wind velocity and direction. It was found that the increase in the deviation of the free surface of the sea from the undisturbed level significantly depends on the heaping of water by wind. It was found that the relative increase in the wave parameters is observed higher in the east wind direction than in the northeast wind direction in the study area of the Black Sea.
Impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 sobre la economía brasileña
Authors: Brasilia OFCOME 
Published: March 2021

La pandemia derivada de la COVID-19 está teniendo un impacto global del que la economía de la República Federativa de Brasil no ha sido ajena. La ya de por sí compleja gestión de esta pandemia alcanza otra dimensión cuando se trata de la quinta economía mundial por tamaño (diecisiete veces España) y población (212 millones de personas) con un sistema federal en el que los distintos niveles administrativos (Unión, estados y municipios) deben coordinarse. Analizar esta dimensión requiere un enfoque de análisis en tres esferas, política, sanitaria y económica, que serán abordadas en este artículo. Las medidas puestas en marcha por el Gobierno federal, para tratar de amortiguar los efectos que las medidas de aislamiento social necesarias para el control de la pandemia tienen sobre la actividad económica, han llevado a que el ejercicio 2020 cierre con un descenso del producto interior bruto (PIB) del 4,1 %, por debajo de los registros de otras economías de la región o de otras economías de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). El cumplimiento de las perspectivas de una recuperación en forma de V con un crecimiento del entorno del 3,5% para 2021 dependerán, en gran medida, de la velocidad de avance del proceso de vacunación de la población y de la recuperación de medidas de apoyo extinguidas a final de 2020 y que se tornan necesarias aún en el actual escenario, donde Brasil continúa inmerso en la segunda ola de la COVID y las medidas de aislamiento social siguen siendo necesarias para tratar de controlar la expansión del virus.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Sukarelawan dalam menjalankan Aktiviti Kesukarelawanan: Satu Kajian Literatur (Factors Affecting Volunteer Motivation in Carrying Out Volunteer Activities: A Literature Review)
Authors: Che Fazilah Siti Nathrah , Shaffieâ€¬ Fuziah 
Published: March 2021

Dewasa kini, aktiviti kesukarelawanan dilihat seperti cendawan yang tumbuh selepas hujan. Pelbagai organisasi bukan kerajaan dan individu lahir terutamanya tatkala negara di landa musibah seperti banjir. Aktiviti kesukarelawanan yang dijalankan menjadi ukuran kepada keperibadian sukarelawan yang menjalankan kerja sukarela dengan penuh komitmen tanpa berhendakkan ganjaran. Terdapat enam (6) faktor motivasi sukarelawan yang dinyatakan dalam Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI) iaitu nilai, pemahaman, perlindungan, kerjaya, sosial dan juga peningkatan. Dengan adanya motivasi ini, sukarelawan dapat mengenalpasti faktor ataupun penyebab yang boleh meransang sukarelawan dalam menggerak dan mengarah hala tuju dalam menjalankan kerja sukarela. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang turut mempengaruhi motivasi sukarelawan dalam menjalankan kerja sukarela termasuklah kepercayaan dan keyakinan diri sukarelawan, pengaruh persekitaran, kemahiran, niat dan dasar kerajaan. Artikel ini menghuraikan faktor-faktor yang dapat memotivasikan sukarelawan dalam menjalankan aktiviti kesukarelawanan dan menyingkap strategi serta membantu pelbagai pihak termasuklah pihak kerajaan serta badan bukan kerajaan dalam usaha untuk mengatur strategi dalam memotivasikan sukarelawan dalam menjalankan aktiviti kesukarelawanan.
Periodonal desiease – local antiseptic therapy: problem of efficiency. Literature review
Authors: Khabadze Z. S. , Generalova Y. A. , Shubaeva V. S. , Abdulkerimova S. M. , Bakaev Y. A. , Mordanov O. S. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this reviewarticle is to analyze the current data on the use of antiseptics in the treatment of periodontitis, development of resistance of periodontopathogens to antiseptic agents using the example of chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and hexetidine. Periodontal pathogens are an integral part of the commensal microflora of the oral cavity, but under certain conditions and under the influence of etiological factors, their number begins to progressively grow, which increases the risk of initiation of periodontal diseases through the formation of aggressive biofilm on the teeth.Materials and methods. Тhe study of publications was produced in the electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar in the course of a systematic review of the literature. Included articles contain information about antiseptic agents which are chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and hexetidine, as well as their effect on periodontopathogens and the possibility of developing resistance in them against these antiseptics.Results. 127 articles were viewed during the review. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 94.Conclusions. Аccording to the analyzed data, we have found that antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity and lesions in periodontitis is an integral part of the treatment of this inflammatory disease, as an addition to the mechanical treatment protocol. Chlorhexidine in local forms of delivery has shown particular activity against periodontopathogens.
Efektifitas Terapi Oksigen Terhadap Downes Score pada Pasien Asfiksia Neonatus di Ruang Perinatologi
Authors: Nurviyanti Nurviyanti , Suparti Sri 
Published: March 2021

Asfiksia merupakan resiko tinggi pada bayi baru lahir yang dapat menyebabkan kematian atau sakit berat. Bayi asfiksia dikelola dengan terapi oksigen untuk menghindari distress pernapasan. Analisis derajat distres pernapasan dapat menggunakan Downes score. Dikatakan baik bila jumlah nilai Downes score semakin kecil atau nol. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas terapi oksigen terhadap Downes score pada pasien asfiksia neonatus. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan observasi analitik dan pendekatan prospektif. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 25 responden dengan teknik accidental sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi Downes score. Data dikumpulkan dari bayi asfiksia sedang hingga berat, dengan menilai Downes score pra dan pasca terapi oksigen dan dianlisis dengan uji Wilcoxon test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis asfiksia terbanyak adalah asfiksia sedang (88%) dengan terapi oksigen nasal kanul 64%. Rata rata dan standar deviasi Downe Score pra terapi oksigen adalah 3,20±2,041 dan pasca terapi adalah 1,04±1,881. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai Z sebesar -4,173 dan nilai significancy sebesar 0,001 (p<0,05), dapat disimpulkan terdapat penurunan Downes score pada bayi asfiksia yang mandapat terapi oksigen.
Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as a Useful Prognostic Indicator
Authors: Chen Li , Bai Ping , Kong Xiangyi , Huang Shaolong , Wang Zhongzhao , Wang Xiangyu , Fang Yi , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivePrognostic nutritional index (PNI), calculated as serum albumin (ALB) (g/L) + 5 × total lymphocyte count (109/L), is initially used to evaluate nutritional status in patients undergoing surgery and may evaluate the therapeutic effects and predict the survival of various solid tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential prognostic significance of PNI in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).MethodsA total of 785 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective study. The optimal cutoff value of PNI by receiver operating characteristic curve stratified patients into a low-PNI group (&lt;51) and a high PNI group (≥51). The associations between breast cancer and clinicopathological variables by PNI were determined by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank test were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The prognostic value of PNI was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. The toxicity of NACT was accessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC).ResultsThe results indicated that PNI had prognostic significance by an optimal cutoff value of 51 on DFS and OS in univariate and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses. Breast cancer patients with a high PNI value had longer DFS and OS than those with a low PNI value [47.64 vs. 36.60 months, P &lt; 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.264, 95%CI = 0.160–0.435; 73.61 vs. 64.97 months, P &lt; 0.0001, HR = 0.319, 95%CI = 0.207–0.491, respectively]. Furthermore, the results indicated that patients with high PNI had longer DFS and OS than those with low PNI in early stage and advanced breast cancer, especially in advanced breast cancer. The mean DFS and OS times for breast cancer patients with high PNI by the log-rank test were longer than in those with low PNI in different molecular subtypes. Moreover, the mean DFS and OS times in patients with high PNI by the log-rank test were longer than in those patients with low PNI without or with lymph vessel invasion. The common toxicities after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were hematologic and gastrointestinal reaction, and the PNI had no significance on the toxicities of all enrolled patients, except in anemia, leukopenia, and myelosuppression.ConclusionPretreatment PNI with the advantages of being convenient, noninvasive, and reproducible was a useful prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is a promising biomarker for breast cancer on treatment strategy decisions.
A Bioinformatics Perspective on the Links Between Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomains and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
Authors: Sun Ge , Chen Junxiong , Ding Yingjun , Wren Jonathan D. , Xu Fuyi , Lu Lu , Wang Yan , Wang Dao-wen , Zhang Xin A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:Tetraspanins and integrins are integral membrane proteins. Tetraspanins interact with integrins to modulate the dynamics of adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling in the form of membrane domains called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). TEMs also contain other cell adhesion proteins like immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins and claudins. Cardiovascular functions of these TEM proteins have emerged and remain to be further revealed.Objectives:The aims of this study are to explore the roles of these TEM proteins in the cardiovascular system using bioinformatics tools and databases and to highlight the TEM proteins that may functionally associate with cardiovascular physiology and pathology.Methods:For human samples, three databases—GTEx, NCBI-dbGaP, and NCBI-GEO—were used for the analyses. The dbGaP database was used for GWAS analysis to determine the association between target genes and human phenotypes. GEO is an NCBI public repository that archives genomics data. GTEx was used for the analyses of tissue-specific mRNA expression levels and eQTL. For murine samples, GeneNetwork was used to find gene–phenotype correlations and gene–gene correlations of expression levels in mice. The analysis of cardiovascular data was the focus of this study.Results:Some integrins and tetraspanins, such asITGA8andCd151, are highly expressed in the human cardiovascular system. TEM components are associated with multiple cardiovascular pathophysiological events in humans. GWAS and GEO analyses showed that humanCd82andITGA9are associated with blood pressure. Data from mice also suggest that various cardiovascular phenotypes are correlated with integrins and tetraspanins. For instance,Cd82andITGA9, again, have correlations with blood pressure in mice.Conclusion:ITGA9is related to blood pressure in both species. KEGG analysis also linkedITGA9to metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway. This work provides an example of using integrated bioinformatics approaches across different species to identify the connections of structurally and/or functionally related molecules to certain categories of diseases.
Dynamic Change of Thyroid Hormones With Postmenstrual Age in Very Preterm Infants Born With Gestational Age <32 Weeks: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shi Ranran , Zhang Ming , Chen Yao , Han Meiying , Xu Ping , Li Min , Ding Yanjie , Zhang Xiaohui , Kou Yan , Xu Haiyan , Zong Fangru , Liu Xinjian , Wang Hui , He Haiying , Liu Qiang , Kong Weikang , Niu Shiping , Li Xia , Huang Lei , Lu Qinghua , Wang Xiaofang , Deng Liping , Yang Zhenying , Zhang Xiao , Sun Rongrong , Zhao Riming , Shi Jing , Peng Fudong , Sun Xueming , Zhao Guoying , Zhao Xinfeng , Ge Yonghong , Zhang Nan , Zhu Renxia , Li Jing , Li Haiyan , Hao Huijuan , Yu Yonghui 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAt present, the relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in relation to postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm infants is still unclear, and there is no reliable standard thyroid hormone reference ranges, resulting in different diagnostic criteria for congenital hypothyroidism been used by different newborn screening programs and different countries.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between TSH/FT4 and PMA in very preterm infants (VPIs) born with gestational age (GA) &lt;32 weeks and to derive thyroid function reference charts based on PMA.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed on VPIs born with GA&lt;32 weeks and born in or transferred to the 27 neonatal intensive care units from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Serial TSH and FT4 values were measured at the end of each week during the first month after birth and also at PMA36 weeks, PMA40 weeks and at discharge, respectively. The 2.5th, 5th, 50th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of TSH and FT4 of different PMA groups were calculated to draw the percentile charts based on PMA.Results1,093 preterm infants were included in this study. The percentile charts of TSH and FT4 levels based on PMA were drawn respectively, and the result indicated that the percentile charts of TSH values were gradually increased initially and then decreased with increasing PMA. The 97.5th percentile chart reached the peak at PMA30 weeks (17.38μIU/ml), and then decreased gradually, reaching the same level as full-term infants (9.07μIU/ml) at PMA38–40 weeks. The 2.5th percentile chart of FT4 was at its lowest point at PMA26–27 weeks (5.23pmol/L), then increased slowly with PMA and reached the same level as full-term infants at PMA38–40 weeks (10.87pmol/L). At PMA36 weeks, the reference intervals of the 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of TSH and FT4 were 1.18–12.3μIU/ml and 8.59–25.98pmol/L, respectively.ConclusionThe percentile charts of TSH and FT4 in VPIs showed characteristic change with PMA. The results prompt that age-related cutoffs, instead of a single reference range, might be more useful to explain the thyroid function of VPIs. And repeated screening is necessary for preterm infants.
Radiosurgery-Based AVM Scale Is Proposed for Combined Embolization and Gamma Knife Surgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , He Hongwei , Liu Peng , Gao Dezhi , Chen Yu , Sun Shibin , Liu Ali , Li Youxiang , Jin Hengwei 
Published: March 2021

Background and purpose: To evaluate whether a radiosurgery-based arteriovenous malformation (AVM) scale (RBAS) could be used to predict obliteration of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) supposed for combined endovascular embolization (EMB) and gamma knife surgery (GKS) treatment.Methods: bAVM patients who underwent GKS with or without previous EMB from January 2011 to December 2016 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were categorized into a combined treatment group and a GKS group. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the two groups. Pre-EMB and pre-GKS RBAS were assessed for every patient. Multivariate analysis was performed to find factors associated with complete obliteration in the combined treatment group. Survival analysis based on sub-groups according to RBAS was performed to compare obliteration rate and find cutoffs for appropriate treatment modalities.Results: A total of 96 patients were involved, and each group comprised 48 patients. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of obliteration rate (75.0 vs. 83.3%, p = 0.174). Pre-EMB RBAS (p = 0.010) and the number of feeding arteries (p = 0.014) were independent factors associated with obliteration rate in the combined treatment group. For the combined treatment patients, sub-group analysis according to pre-EMB RBAS (score &lt;1.0, 1.0–1.5, and &gt;1.5) showed statistical difference in obliteration rate (p = 0.002). Sub-group analysis according to RBAS between the two groups showed that the obliteration rate of the GKS group is significantly higher than the combined group when RBAS &gt;1.5 (47.4 vs. 66.7%, p = 0.036).Conclusions: The RBAS is proposed to be efficient in predicting obliteration of bAVMs supposed to receive combined EMB and GKS treatment. Patients with RBAS &gt;1.5 are inclined to be more suitable for GKS instead of the combined treatment.
Safety of Prolonged Wait Time for Nephrectomy for Clinically Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Qi Nienie , Zhao Fangzheng , Liu Xiaoxiao , Wei Wei , Wang Junqi 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThere is usually a surgical wait time before nephrectomy for patients with clinically localized renal cell carcinoma, and many factors can influence this preoperative wait time. A relatively prolonged wait time may cause tumor progression. Therefore, we assessed the effect of preoperative wait time on the prognosis of patients with clinically localized renal cell carcinoma.MethodsThe outcomes of 561 patients with clinically localized renal cell carcinoma who underwent nephrectomy between July 2011 and March 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. According to the wait time before surgery, we divided the patients into three groups: short-wait group (≤ 30 days), intermediate-wait group (&gt; 30 and ≤ 90 days), and long-wait group (&gt;90 days). The clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated, and the survival rates of the three groups were compared.ResultsThis study included 370 male (66%) and 191(34%) female patients, with a median age of 64 years. There were 520 patients with stage T1 and 41 patients with stage T2 tumors. The median interval between diagnosis and surgery was 21 days. There were no significant differences in age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, body mass index, tumor size, surgical approach, surgical procedure, pathological subtype, tumor stage, tumor grade, and residual tumor among the three groups. Overall survival(OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were comparable; the 5-year OS of the short-, intermediate-, and long-wait time groups were 84.2%, 82.0%, and 89.8%, respectively (P=0.732). The 5-year CSS rates of the short-, intermediate-, and long-wait time groups were 87.1%, 88.9%, and 90.4%, respectively (P=0.896). Multivariate analysis revealed that wait time was not an independent prognostic factor for OS or CSS.ConclusionProlonged surgical wait time (&gt; 90 days) does not influence survival in patients with clinically localized renal cell carcinoma.