bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat dissipation in Sm3+ and Zn2+ co-substituted magnetite (Zn0.1SmxFe2.9-xO4) nanoparticles coated with citric acid and pluronic F127 for hyperthermia application
Authors: Shatooti S. , Mozaffari M. , Reiter G. , Zahn D. , Dutz S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, Sm3+ and Zn2+ co-substituted magnetite Zn0.1SmxFe2.9-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) nanoparticles, have been prepared via co-precipitation method and were electrostatically and sterically stabilized by citric acid and pluronic F127 coatings. The coated nanoparticles were well dispersed in an aqueous solution (pH 5.5). Magnetic and structural properties of the nanoparticles and their ferrofluids were studied by different methods. XRD studies illustrated that all as-prepared nanoparticles have a single phase spinel structure, with lattice constants affected by samarium cations substitution. The temperature dependence of the magnetization showed that Curie temperatures of the uncoated samples monotonically increased from 430 to 480 °C as Sm3+ content increased, due to increase in A-B super-exchange interactions. Room temperature magnetic measurements exhibited a decrease in saturation magnetization of the uncoated samples from 98.8 to 71.9 emu/g as the Sm3+ content increased, which is attributed to substitution of Sm3+ (1.5 µB) ions for Fe3+ (5 µB) ones in B sublattices. FTIR spectra confirmed that Sm3+ substituted Zn0.1SmxFe2.9-xO4 nanoparticles were coated with both citric acid and pluronic F127 properly. The mean particle size of the coated nanoparticles was 40 nm. Calorimetric measurements showed that the maximum SLP and ILP values obtained for Sm3+ substituted nanoparticles were 259 W/g and 3.49 nHm2/kg (1.08 mg/ml, measured at f = 290 kHz and H = 16kA/m), respectively, that are related to the sample with x = 0.01. Magnetic measurements revealed coercivity, which indicated that hysteresis loss may represent a substantial portion in heat generation. Our results show that these ferrofluids are potential candidates for magnetic hyperthermia applications.
Evidence of both foetal inflammation and hypoxia–ischaemia is associated with meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: Yokoi Kyoko , Iwata Osuke , Kobayashi Satoru , Kobayashi Mizuho , Saitoh Shinji , Goto Haruo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFoetal hypoxia–ischaemia is a key trigger of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). However, many neonates develop MAS without evidence of hypoxia–ischaemia, suggesting the presence of covert but important risk variables. We evaluated the association of MAS with clinical variables, placental histopathologic findings, and inflammatory biomarkers at birth. Of 1336 symptomatic and asymptomatic term singleton neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid, 88 neonates (6.6%) developed MAS. Univariate analysis showed that MAS development was associated with low 1- and 5-min Apgar scores, low cord blood pH, funisitis, higher α1-acid glycoprotein levels, and higher haptoglobin levels (all p < 0.001 except for p = 0.001 for haptoglobin). Associations of MAS with caesarean delivery (p = 0.004), premature rupture of the membranes (p = 0.006), chorioamnionitis (p = 0.007), and higher C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.008) were lost when adjusted for multiple comparisons. The final multivariate model to explain MAS development comprised lower cord blood pH (odds ratio [OR] 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.73; p < 0.001), funisitis (OR 2.45; 95% Cl 1.41–4.26; p = 0.002), and higher α1-acid glycoprotein levels (OR 1.02; 95% Cl 1.01–1.03; p = 0.001). Our data from a large cohort of neonates suggested that intrauterine inflammation is one of the key independent variables of MAS development, together with foetal hypoxia–ischaemia.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts are associated with poor prognosis in solid type of lung adenocarcinoma in a machine learning analysis
Authors: Min Kyueng-Whan , Kim Dong-Hoon , Noh Yung-Kyun , Son Byoung Kwan , Kwon Mi Jung , Moon Ji-Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) participate in critical processes in the tumor microenvironment, such as extracellular matrix remodeling, reciprocal signaling interactions with cancer cells and crosstalk with infiltrating inflammatory cells. However, the relationships between CAFs and survival are not well known in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to reveal the correlations of CAFs with survival rates, genetic alterations and immune activities. This study reviewed the histological features of 517 patients with lung adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), network-based analysis and survival analysis based on CAFs in four histological types of lung adenocarcinoma: acinar, papillary, micropapillary and solid. We found four hallmark gene sets, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and inflammatory response gene sets, that were associated with the presence of CAFs. CAFs were associated with tumor proliferation, elevated memory CD4+T cells and high CD274 (encoding PD-L1) expression. In the pathway analyses, CAFs were related to blood vessel remodeling, matrix organization, negative regulation of apoptosis and transforming growth factor-β signaling. In the survival analysis of each histological type, CAFs were associated with poor prognosis in the solid type. These results may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies against lung adenocarcinoma cases in which CAFs are present.
Association between skeletal muscle mass and mammographic breast density
Authors: Lee Kwan Ho , Chae Seoung Wan , Yun Ji Sup , Park Yong Lai , Park Chan Heun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMammographic density (MD) of the breast and body mass index (BMI) are inversely associated with each other, but have inconsistent associations with respect to the risk of breast cancer. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) has been considered to reflect a relatively accurate fat and muscle percentage in the body. So, we evaluated the relation between SMI and MD. A cross-sectional study was performed in 143,456 women who underwent comprehensive examinations from 2012 to 2016. BMI was adjusted to analyze whether SMI is an independent factor predicting dense breast. After adjustment for confounding factors including BMI, the odds ratios for MD for the dense breasts was between the highest and lowest quartiles of SMI at 2.65 for premenopausal women and at 2.39 for postmenopausal women. SMI was a significant predictor for MD, which could be due to the similar growth mechanism of the skeletal muscle and breast parenchymal tissue. Further studies are needed to understand the causal link between muscularity, MD and breast cancer risk.
Handwashing knowledge, attitudes, and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A non-representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Wutayd Osama , Mansour Ali E. , Aldosary Ahmad Hamad , Hamdan Hamdan Z. , Al-Batanony Manal A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHandwashing (HW) with water and soap is one of the cheapest and most effective ways of protecting oneself and others against the coronavirus. Here, the HW knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Saudi adults were assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic using a cross-sectional study conducted between May 8 and June 8, 2020, during a partial lockdown period. A web-based validated questionnaire was distributed through different social media platforms, and the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, seven items related to knowledge, four items related to attitudes, and thirteen items related to the practice of HW were assessed. A total of 1323 (51% male and 49% female) adults from all regions of Saudi Arabia responded to the questionnaire. The overall mean (± SD) was 5.13 (± 1.18) for knowledge of HW and COVID-19, 2.79 (± 0.77) for attitude toward HW, and 7.8 (± 2.56) for HW practice. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed factors associated with knowledge to be age and family income. Sex, educational level, family income, and HW knowledge were associated with negative and neutral attitude, whereas age, sex, family income, and HW knowledge were associated with practice. These results suggest that HW knowledge was strongly associated with positive attitudes toward HW and correct HW practice in Saudi adults during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Synergistic stabilization of a double mutant in chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 from a library screen in E. coli
Authors: Hamborg Louise , Granata Daniele , Olsen Johan G. , Roche Jennifer Virginia , Pedersen Lasse Ebdrup , Nielsen Alex Toftgaard , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Teilum Kaare 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMost single point mutations destabilize folded proteins. Mutations that stabilize a protein typically only have a small effect and multiple mutations are often needed to substantially increase the stability. Multiple point mutations may act synergistically on the stability, and it is often not straightforward to predict their combined effect from the individual contributions. Here, we have applied an efficient in-cell assay in E. coli to select variants of the barley chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 with increased stability. We find two variants that are more than 3.8 kJ mol−1 more stable than the wild-type. In one case, the increased stability is the effect of the single substitution D55G. The other case is a double mutant, L49I/I57V, which is 5.1 kJ mol−1 more stable than the sum of the effects of the individual mutations. In addition to demonstrating the strength of our selection system for finding stabilizing mutations, our work also demonstrate how subtle conformational effects may modulate stability.
Significant variability of structure and predictability of Arctic Ocean surface pathways affects basin-wide connectivity
Authors: Wilson Chris , Aksenov Yevgeny , Rynders Stefanie , Kelly Stephen J. , Krumpen Thomas , Coward Andrew C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is of central importance for the global climate and ecosystem. It is a region undergoing rapid climate change, with a dramatic decrease in sea ice cover over recent decades. Surface advective pathways connect the transport of nutrients, freshwater, carbon and contaminants with their sources and sinks. Pathways of drifting material are deformed under velocity strain, due to atmosphere-ocean-ice coupling. Deformation is largest at fine space- and time-scales and is associated with a loss of potential predictability, analogous to weather often becoming unpredictable as synoptic-scale eddies interact and deform. However, neither satellite observations nor climate model projections resolve fine-scale ocean velocity structure. Here, we use a high-resolution ocean model hindcast and coarser satellite-derived ice velocities, to show: that ensemble-mean pathways within the Transpolar Drift during 2004–14 have large interannual variability and that both saddle-like flow structures and the presence of fine-scale velocity gradients are important for basin-wide connectivity and crossing time, pathway bifurcation, predictability and dispersion.
Enhanced vertical mixing in the glacial ocean inferred from sedimentary carbon isotopes
Authors: Wilmes Sophie-Berenice , Green J. A. Mattias , Schmittner Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReconstructing the circulation, mixing and carbon content of the Last Glacial Maximum ocean remains challenging. Recent hypotheses suggest that a shoaled Atlantic meridional overturning circulation or increased stratification would have reduced vertical mixing, isolated the abyssal ocean and increased carbon storage, thus contributing to lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Here, using an ensemble of ocean simulations, we evaluate impacts of changes in tidal energy dissipation due to lower sea levels on ocean mixing, circulation, and carbon isotope distributions. We find that increased tidal mixing strengthens deep ocean flow rates and decreases vertical gradients of radiocarbon and δ13C in the deep Atlantic. Simulations with a shallower overturning circulation and more vigorous mixing fit sediment isotope data best. Our results, which are conservative, provide observational support that vertical mixing in the glacial Atlantic may have been enhanced due to more vigorous tidal dissipation, despite shoaling of the overturning circulation and increases in stratification.
Visible light driven selective NADH regeneration using a system of water-soluble zinc porphyrin and homogeneous polymer-dispersed rhodium nanoparticles
Authors: Katagiri Takayuki , Amao Yutaka 
Published: August 2021

We discovered the catalytic activity of Rh nanoparticles dispersed by polyvinylpyrrolidone for regioselective NAD+ reduction to 1,4-NADH. Only 1,4-NADH was produced as the reduction product of NAD+ with visible-light irradiation.
Contribution of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced lung inflammation in COPD
Authors: Kotnala Sudhir , Kim Yerin , Rajput Charu , Reddyvari Hymavathi , Bolla Sudhir , Marchetti Nathaniel T. , Kosmider Beata , Bahmed Karim , Sajjan Umadevi S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) expression is increased in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DPP4 is known to be associated with inflammation in various organs, including LPS-induced acute lung inflammation. Since non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute exacerbations in COPD patients, we examined the contribution of DPP4 in NTHi-induced lung inflammation in COPD. Pulmonary macrophages isolated from COPD patients showed higher expression of DPP4 than the macrophages isolated from normal subjects. In response to NTHi infection, COPD, but not normal macrophages show a further increase in the expression of DPP4. COPD macrophages also showed higher expression of IL-1β, and CCL3 responses to NTHi than normal, and treatment with DPP4 inhibitor, diprotin A attenuated this response. To examine the contribution of DPP4 in NTHi-induced lung inflammation, COPD mice were infected with NTHi, treated with diprotin A or PBS intraperitoneally, and examined for DPP4 expression, lung inflammation, and cytokine expression. Mice with COPD phenotype showed increased expression of DPP4, which increased further following NTHi infection. DPP4 expression was primarily observed in the infiltrated inflammatory cells. NTHi-infected COPD mice also showed sustained neutrophilic lung inflammation and expression of CCL3, and this was inhibited by DPP4 inhibitor. These observations indicate that enhanced expression of DPP4 in pulmonary macrophages may contribute to sustained lung inflammation in COPD following NTHi infection. Therefore, inhibition of DPP4 may reduce the severity of NTHi-induced lung inflammation in COPD.
Placenta-specific Slc38a2/SNAT2 knockdown causes fetal growth restriction in mice
Authors: Vaughan Owen R. , Maksym Katarzyna , Silva Elena , Barentsen Kenneth , Anthony Russel V. , Brown Thomas L. , Hillman Sara L. , Spencer Rebecca , David Anna L. , Rosario Fredrick J. , Powell Theresa L. , Jansson Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complication of pregnancy that reduces birth weight, markedly increases infant mortality and morbidity and is associated with later-life cardiometabolic disease. No specific treatment is available for FGR. Placentas of human FGR infants have low abundance of sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (Slc38a2/SNAT2), which supplies the fetus with amino acids required for growth. We determined the mechanistic role of placental Slc38a2/SNAT2 deficiency in the development of restricted fetal growth, hypothesizing that placenta-specific Slc38a2 knockdown causes FGR in mice. Using lentiviral transduction of blastocysts with a small hairpin RNA (shRNA), we achieved 59% knockdown of placental Slc38a2, without altering fetal Slc38a2 expression. Placenta-specific Slc38a2 knockdown reduced near-term fetal and placental weight, fetal viability, trophoblast plasma membrane (TPM) SNAT2 protein abundance, and both absolute and weight-specific placental uptake of the amino acid transport System A tracer, 14C-methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB). We also measured human placental SLC38A2 gene expression in a well-defined term clinical cohort and found that SLC38A2 expression was decreased in late-onset, but not early-onset FGR, compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) control placentas. The results demonstrate that low placental Slc38a2/SNAT2 causes FGR and could be a target for clinical therapies for late-onset FGR.
Einflussfaktoren auf Beantragung und Inanspruchnahme empfohlener Rehabilitationsleistungen nach einer Pflegebegutachtung – Ergebnisse qualitativer Interviews mit professionellen Akteur/innen
Authors: Golla André , Richter Cynthia , Mau Wilfried , Saal Susanne 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Weniger als die Hälfte der im Rahmen einer Pflegebegutachtung der Medizinischen Dienste der Krankenkassen ausgesprochenen Rehabilitationsempfehlungen mündet in eine Beantragung, etwa jede vierte in eine realisierte Rehabilitationsleistung. Welche Faktoren die Rehabilitationsbereitschaft und die Inanspruchnahme empfohlener Leistungen zur medizinischen Rehabilitationen beeinflussen, ist bislang weitgehend unbekannt. Die explorative Studie untersucht über die Perspektive verschiedener, im Zugangsverfahren involvierter professioneller Akteur/innen die Einflussfaktoren auf den Rehabilitationszugang über die Pflegebegutachtung.Methodik In leitfadengestützten Expert/inneninterviews wurden Mitarbeiter/innen der Medizinischen Dienste sowie aus Pflege- und Krankenkassen befragt. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte nach der Methode der systematischen Textverdichtung.Ergebnisse Anhand von 53 Interviews mit 56 Prozessakteur/innen wurden individuums- und lebensweltbezogene sowie prozess- und strukturbezogene Einflussgrößen identifiziert. Neben soziodemografischen, gesundheitlichen und persönlichkeitsbezogenen Merkmalen sowie finanziellen Aspekten wurden die rehabilitationsbezogene Einstellungen der Versicherten und eine starke Bindung an die Häuslichkeit als relevante Faktoren identifiziert. Darüber hinaus wirken sich auch leistungsbezogene (z. B. Erwartungen und Wünsche) und strukturelle (z. B. Versorgungsstrukturen) Faktoren aus. Betont wurde die Bedeutung sozialer Unterstützung durch Angehörige.Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf versicherten-, struktur- und verfahrensseitige Einflussfaktoren im Rehabilitationszugang über die Pflegebegutachtung. Sie bilden die Grundlage für mögliche Prozessverbesserungen im Zugangsverfahren und verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit einer frühzeitigen und ausreichenden Beratung der Betroffenen und Angehörigen.
Astaxanthin Induces the Expression of CatSper1 Gene and
Protects Sperms in Toxicity Induced by Cadmium in Mice
Authors: Saberi Ensieh , Mohammadrezaei Fereshteh Mir , Jazayeri Omid , Fathi Nazanin , Moghadam Akbar Hajizadeh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) as a heavy metal damages testis and decreases fertility, however,
antioxidants can improve sperm parameters and decrease male infertility. In this
study we investigated the effect of astaxanthin (AST) on sperm parameters,
expression levels of CatSper1 and CatSper2 genes in presence of Cd
in mice. Thirty adults’ mice were divided into 4 groups, sham group
received olive oil and saline (olive oil is the solvent of AST and saline is the
solvent of Cd), Cd group received 1 mg/kg Cdcl2, a
group received 10 mg/kg AST and 1 mg/kg
Cdcl2 and a group received 10 mg/kg AST. The
treatments were done intraperitoneally for 14 days. After 14 days sperm
parameters were analyzed. Malondialdehyde level, catalase enzyme activity, the
alteration of CatSper1 and CatSper2 genes expression were measured
in testis. Results showed that Sperm count, viability, CatSper1 gene
expression and catalase activity significantly decreased by Cd compared to sham
group. Cd significantly increased sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), abnormal sperm
morphology and malondialdehyd level compared to sham group. AST significantly
increased sperm count, viability and CatSper1 gene expression and
decreased SDF and abnormal sperm in comparison with Cd group. AST protected
testis and decreased oxidative stress induced by Cd. Our findings indicated that
AST could protect sperm DNA, enhanced CatSper1 gene expression and sperm
quality in presence of Cd. No significant differences were found in
CatSper2 expression among treatments. Therefore, AST as a strong
antioxidant can help to protect the potential of fertility against Cd
toxicity.
The Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Minor Subunit Gene Contributes to Pharmacokinetics of Factor VIII Concentrates in Hemophilia A
Authors: Lunghi Barbara , Morfini Massimo , Martinelli Nicola , Balestra Dario , Linari Silvia , Frusconi Sabrina , Branchini Alessio , Cervellera Christian F. , Marchetti Giovanna , Castaman Giancarlo , Bernardi Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) binds with high affinity factor VIII (FVIII) through its N-linked oligosaccharides. However, its contribution to the wide inter-individual variation of infused FVIII pharmacokinetics (PK) in hemophilia A (HA) is unknown.
Objective To investigate the variability in FVIII PK outcomes in relation to genetic variation in the ASGR2, encoding the ASGPR2 subunit.
Methods Thirty-two HA patients with FVIII:C ≤2 IU/dL underwent 66 single-dose FVIII PK studies. PK parameters were evaluated in relation to ASGR2 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) polymorphisms, which were investigated by recombinant and white blood cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction approaches.
Results The 5′UTR polymorphisms determine a frequent and conserved haplotype (HT1) in a regulatory region. The HT1 homozygotes may differ in the amounts of alternatively spliced mRNA transcripts and thus ASGPR2 isoforms. Compared with the other ASGR2 genotypes, the c.-95TT homozygotes (n = 9), showed threefold longer Alpha HL (3.60 hours, 95% confidence interval: 1.44–5.76, p = 0.006), and the c.-95TC heterozygotes (n = 17) showed 25% shorter mean residence time (MRT; 18.5 hours, 15.0–22.0, p = 0.038) and 32% shorter Beta HL (13.5 hours, 10.9–16.0, p = 0.016). These differences were confirmed in patients (n = 27) undergoing PK studies (n = 54) with full-length FVIII only. In different linear regression models, the contribution of the ASGR2 genotypes remained significant after adjustment by ABO genotypes and von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen levels, and explained 14% (MRT), 15 to 18% (Beta HL), and 22% (Alpha HL) of parameter variability.
Conclusion Infused FVIII distribution was modulated by frequent ASGR2 genotypes, independently from and together with ABO and VWF antigen levels, which has potential implications for genetically tailored substitutive treatment in HA.