bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Frequency of Hand-to-Eye/Nose Contact can Increase the Risk of Ocular Symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients
Authors: Yang Guoyuan , Gerong Xiamu , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Jianxin , Huang Xi , Liu Longqian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the capacity to use the eye for transocular entry. The characteristics of lacrimal drainage remind us to pay attention to the transmission route passing through the nasolacrimal ducts and then into the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to assess ocular symptoms and hand-to-eye/nose contact behaviour in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. MethodsA questionnaire was designed by brain storing method according to practical requirements, then the survey of ocular symptoms and hand-to-eye/nose contact behaviour in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients was administered in person. The patients answered the items under the guidance of a nurse. The data of ocular symptoms and basic information was collected analysed. The correlation between ocular symptoms and hand-to-eye/nose contact behaviour was evaluated.Results The most common ocular symptoms were increased discharge (in 53.19% of patients), foreign body sensation (44.68%), tearing (44.68%), conjunctival congestion (40.43%) and mild eye pain (40.43%). In total, 61.7% of patients had nasal obstruction and running. A total of 40.4% of patients blew their nose more frequently than usual because of nasal symptoms. A total of 63.8% of patients rubbed their eyes with their hands 1-5 times per day. Only 44.68% of patients washed their hands immediately when arriving at home more than 6 days per week. Increased frequencies of blowing noses (p=0.032), washing hands (p=0.025), and rubbing eyes (p=0.005) can affect ocular symptoms. The frequency and the way of face washing had no correlation with ocular symptoms.ConclusionsOcular symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are much more common than currently reported but nonspecific. This prompt us pay more attention to the true incidence of conjunctivitis in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The frequency of hand-to-eye/nose contact can increase the risk of presenting ocular symptoms. However, hand washing can decrease the risk. These results provide direct evidence of behaviour change and smooth the concerns for many people.
Title: Efficacy of transdermal delivery of liposomal micronutrients through body oil massage on neurodevelopmental and micronutrient deficiency status in infants: Results of a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Apte Aditi , Kapoor Mudra , Naik Sadanand , Lubree Himangi , Khamkar Pooja , Singh Diksha , Agarwal Dhiraj , Roy Sudipto , Kawade Anand , Juvekar Sanjay , Banerjee Rinti , Bavdekar Ashish 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Micronutrient deficiency is a known cause of adverse neurodevelopment and growth. Poor adherence to oral regimes of micronutrient supplements is a known challenge during the implementation of supplementation programs. The present study evaluates the benefits of liposomal encapsulated micronutrient fortified body oils (LMF oil) that can be used for infant body massage in terms of neurodevelopment and prevention of deficiency. Study design: Double-blind randomized clinical trial Methods: 444 healthy infants aged 4-7weeks were randomized to receive either LMF oil (containing iron, vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12) or placebo oil for gentle body massage till 12months of age. Blood samples were collected at 6 and 12 months for transferrin saturation (TSAT), hemoglobin, and 25-hydroxy vitamin (25-OH-D) levels. Mental and motor development was assessed at 12 months using developmental assessment for Indian Infants (DASII). Results: A total of 391 infants completed the study. There was no significant improvement in the hemoglobin in the intervention group at 12 months of age as compared to the placebo group [-0.50 vs.-0.54 gm%]. There was a marginally significant improvement in 25-OH-D at 12 months in the LMF oil group [+1.46vs.-0.18ng/ml, p=0.049]. In the subgroup of infants with moderate anemia, the intervention prevented the decline in hemoglobin at 12 months of age [adjusted mean change +0.11vs.-0.51gm%, p=0.043]. The mental or motor developmental quotients in the intervention group were not significantly different from those in the placebo group. Conclusion: Use of LMF oil for prevention of nutritional deficiency did not offer significant protection against nutritional anemia but prevented vitamin D deficiency to some extent with improvement in 25-OH-D at 12 months. In the subgroup of infants with moderate anemia, the intervention prevented the decline in hemoglobin at 12 months of age. The intervention did not result in significant improvement in mental or motor development. Further evaluation with increased doses needs to be undertaken.Trial registration: CTRI no: CTRI/2017/11/010710; dated 30/11/2017 [http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/advancesearchmain.php ]
Design and Simulation of Reliable and Fast Nanomagnetic Conservative Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (NCQCA) Gate ​
Authors: Dadjouyan Ali Akbar , Sayedsalehi Samira , Mirzaee Reza Faghih , Jassbi Somayyeh Jafarali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nanomagnetic Logic (NML) is a promising candidate for the real implementation of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuits and can be a proper alternative or complement to CMOS circuits. Like any other nanoscale technologies, NML circuits are also subject to fabrication variations. These variations along with fluctuations caused by thermal noise can affect the performance of these circuits. Therefore, design of NML circuits with high testability is an absolute necessity. Circuits based on conservative logic are inherently testable because of their specific properties. In this paper, considering the physical and geometrical properties of nanomagnets, a nanomagnetic conservative quantum-dot cellular automata (NCQCA) gate is designed and evaluated. This circuit can be used as the basic block for the realization of more complex conservative NML circuits. To implement this circuit, the design of the clocked nanomagnetic majority gate is also provided. The OOMMF physical simulation tool is used for simulation and evaluation. The results show the correct functionality of the proposed conservative gate at room temperature. It operates about 34% faster than the NML Fredkin gate. Moreover, the NML version of the conventional Fredkin gate takes 90% more area than the proposed design.
Effectiveness of Psychosocial School Interventions in Finnish Schools for Refugee and Immigrant Children, “Refugees Well School” in Finland (RWS-FI): A Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kankaanpää Reeta , Aalto Sanni , Vänskä Mervi , Lepistö Riina , Punamäki Raija-Leena , Soye Emma , Watters Charles , Andersen Arnfinn , Hilden Per Kristian , Derluyn Ilse , Verelst An , Peltonen Kirsi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Schools are considered as natural environments to enhance students’ social-emotional skills in general and mental health and affiliation among students with refugee and immigrant background. A layered or tiered provision of services are recommended as they can be effective to meet the needs of war-affected adolescents’ who variably show posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study tests the effectiveness of multi-layered interventions integrating targeted cognitive-behavioral treatment-based TRT (Teaching Recovery Techniques), a class-room focused preventive intervention PIER (Peer Integration and Enhancement Resources), and a whole school psychoeducative teacher-led intervention INSETT (In Service Teacher Training) in enhancing the wellbeing of children in their school environments. We analyze first, whether the interventions are effective in decreasing symptoms of PTSD and psychological distress and increasing positive resources i.e. prosocial behavior and resilience among refugees and immigrant students. Second, we analyze which student-, school- and parent-related factors mediate the possible beneficial changes, and third, we look at which groups benefit the interventions most.
Methods
A three-arm cluster RCT with parallel assignment, with approximately 1:1 allocation ratio, is applied among 16 schools that agreed to participate in the Refugees Well School interventions and effectiveness study. Schools were randomized to three conditions of two active interventions and a waiting-list control condition. Students, their parents, and teachers in intervention and control schools participate at baseline before the interventions, after the interventions, and at 6 to 12 months after the interventions. The primary effectiveness criterion variables are psychological distress (SDQ) symptoms, resilience (CYRM-12), executive functioning (AEFI) and prosocial behavior (SDQ). PTSD (CRIES-8) symptoms are used as outcome variable in one of the interventions (TRT).
Discussion
The current study provides a recommended universal approach of layered interventions aiming to reduce psychological distress and increase resilience among migrated students. Combination of promotive, preventive and targeted interventions may offer a holistic, ecological intervention package for schools to better address the needs of the whole group.
Trial registration:
ISRCTN, identifier: ISRCTN64245549. Registered 10. June 2020. Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN64245549
Telomere length variation does not correspond with the growth disturbances in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Ocalewicz Konrad , Panasiak Ligia , Szubert Karolina , Polonis Marcin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Somatic growth is considered to affect pace of the telomere attrition in vertebrates. As normally developed and dwarf fish differ in the body size we have decided to compare telomere length in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with normal growth and with growth reduced due to the dwarf condition. Examined on-year old fish with normal and dwarf appearance were siblings originated from androgenetic fully homozygous doubled haploid (DH) line of rainbow trout. Particular dwarf individuals had body deformities such as humpback, kyphosis and lordosis. Somatic cells of examined rainbow trout had an average telomere length between 17 and 20 kb, comparable in females and males. Dwarf rainbow trout exhibited significantly lower body length and weight than their normally developed siblings even though, no differences in the telomere length were found between these fishes. Statistical analysis did not exhibit any correlation between body size and the telomere length. Equal length of telomeres observed in the studied normal and dwarf rainbow trout suggests morphological and physiological differences in fish with different growth rates do not affect dynamics of telomeric DNA. Or any variation in the telomere length might have been levelled by telomerase that in rainbow trout is active in all tissues irrespective of the individual developmental stage.
Effectiveness of Mobile Apps Used to Improve Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Widdison Renee , Rashidi Amineh , Whitehead Lisa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Pelvic floor exercises are effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UC) and are routinely prescribed, along with bladder training, by primary healthcare providers as first line conservative management. Mobile phone applications are increasingly popular within the healthcare setting and can provide opportunities for patients to complete treatments at home. To date, there has not been a systematic review examining outcomes from randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of mobile applications to improve UC.Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of mobile applications to improve UC was carried out according to the PRISMA reporting guidelines. The online databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, JBI, Google Scholar were searched for papers published between 2007 to 2020. The search was conducted during the 3/3/20-15/4/20. Studies were appraised and data extracted by the first and second reviewers. Findings: In total four studies generated four categories, including high level of adherence; improved quality of life (QOL) and reduction of symptoms. The findings of this review reported that pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) can be effective to improve UC. Conclusion: Mobile applications for PFMT indicated that increase adherence to treatment and decrease UC. The integration of this treatment modality into current practice is recommended. Mobile phone applications for PFMT show promise in the conservative management of UC. Further research is required to support the use of this technology in the conservative management of UC.
Breeding for chemical camouflage the case of salmon kairomones and resistance to salmon lice infectivity
Authors: Difford Gareth , Haugen John-Erik , Aslam Muhammad Luqman , Johansen Lill-Heidi , Breiland Mette , Hillestad Borghild , Baranski Matt , Boison Solomon , Moghadam Hooman , Jaqc Celeste 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Salmon lice are ectoparasites that threaten wild and farmed salmonids. Artificial selection of salmon for resistance to the infectious copepodid lice stage currently relies on in vivo challenge trials on thousands of salmon a year. We found that salmon emit a bouquet of kairomones which the lice use to find and infect the salmon. Some of these compounds vary between families and could be used as a more direct and ethical measurements of lice resistance for breeding farmed salmon.
The Brain Neuropeptides and STAT3 Mediate the Inhibitory Effect of 17-β Estradiol on Central Leptin Resistance in Young but Not Aged Female High-fat Diet Mice
Authors: Farhadi Zeinab , Khaksari Mohammad , Azizian Hossein , Dabiri Shahriar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aging and menopause effect on body composition and energy balance. Estrogen (E2) plays an important role in body’s metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine changes in leptin function in young intact and ovariectomized (OVX) animals in comparison to the aged animals treated with E2. Young (Intact and OVX 4 months) and aged (19-21 months) female mice were fed High fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and, then they were divided into eight groups including: Intact+OIL, Intact+E2, Intact+Pair body weight (PBW), OVX+OIL, OVX+E2, OVX+PBW, Aged+OIL, and Aged+E2. E2 was administered subcutaneously every four days for four weeks. Responsiveness to leptin was assessed by measuring energy balance components. Results showed that eating HFD increased weight and calorie consumption in young mice, and chronic treatment with E2 decreased both these variables in young animals. E2 only improved the sensitivity to leptin in young animals. Treatment with E2 resulted in increased α-MSH neuropeptide, reduced NPY and AgRP neuropeptides in the brain, and decreased serum leptin in the young animals. Also, treatment with E2 increased the expression of p-STAT3 molecular level in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the young animals. Our results indicated that response to E2 depended on age and E2 protects young HFD fed mice from obesity and improves leptin sensitivity.
Mechanistic insights into the regulation of plant phosphate homeostasis by the rice SPX2 – PHR2 complex
Authors: Guan Zeyuan , Zhang Qunxia , Zhang Zhifei , Savarin Julie , Zuo Jiaqi , Chen Juan , Broger Larissa , Cheng Peng , Wang Qiang , Pei Kai , Zhang Delin , Zou Tingting , Yan Junjie , Yin Ping , Hothorn Michael , Liu Zhu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) is a key macronutrient limiting plant growth and crop productivity. In response to the nutrient deficiency, Pi starvation response (PHR) transcription factors activate Pi starvation induced (PSI) genes. PHR transcription factors are negatively regulated by stand-alone SPX proteins, cellular receptors for inositol pyrophosphate (PP-InsP) nutrient messengers. How PP-InsP-bound SPX domains interact with PHR transcription factors is poorly understood. Here, we report crystal structures of the rice SPX2/InsP6/PHR2 complex and of the PHR2 DNA binding (MYB) domain in complex with its target DNA at resolutions of 3.1 Å and 2.7 Å, respectively. Inositol polyphosphate binding causes SPX2 to assemble into a domain-swapped dimer. The signalling-active SPX2 dimer binds two copies of PHR2, targeting both its coiled-coil (CC) oligomerisation domain and its MYB domain. Structural comparisons, biochemical analyses and genetic characterizations reveal that the SPX2 senses InsP6 / PP-InsPs to inactivate PHR2 by establishing severe steric clashes with the PHR2 MYB domain, preventing DNA binding, and by disrupting oligomerisation of the PHR2 CC domain, attenuating promoter binding. The complex structure rationalizes how PP-InsPs activate SPX receptor proteins to target PHR family transcription factors and provides a mechanistic framework to engineer crops with improved phosphate use efficiency.
Decomposition of Individual SNP Patterns From Mixed DNA Samples
Authors: Azhari Gabriel , Waldman Shamam , Ofer Netanel , Keller Yosi , Carmi Shai , Yaari Gur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) markers have great potential to identify individuals, family relations, biogeographical ancestry, and phenotypic traits. In many forensic situations, DNA mixtures of a victim and an unknown suspect exist. Extracting SNP profiles from suspect’s samples can be used to assist investigation or gather intelligence. Computational tools to determine inclusion/exclusion of a known individual from a mixture exist, but no algorithm for extraction of an unknown SNP profile without a list of suspects is available.Results: We present here AH-HA, a novel computational approach for extracting an unknown SNP profile from whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a two persons mixture. AH-HA utilizes techniques similar to the ones used in haplotype phasing. It constructs the inferred genotype as an imperfect mosaic of haplotypes from a reference panel of the target population. It outperforms more simplistic approaches, maintaining high performance through a wide range of sequencing depths (500x - 5x).Conclusions: AH-HA can be applied in cases of victim-suspect mixtures and improve the capabilities of the investigating forces. This approach can be extended to more complex mixtures with more donors and less prior information, further motivating the development of SNP-based forensics technologies.
Seasonal Temperature Dependence of Availability of Under-Water Visible Optical Communications through Egypt Nile River Water
Authors: Zaghloul Seif eldin A. , Yousif Bedir , El-Deeb Walid S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Underwater visible optical communications become very important for their high velocity and more data rate. But the optical is suffering from the high water attenuation. For optical communication. Pure water is the best of the ten water types with wavelengths λ = 455 and 486 mm. The Nile river water is a pure water without salinity (fresh water). The temperature of the water is daily changes and so the performance of optical communication underwater becomes temperature-dependent. A simplified expression very good accuracy of Egypt Nile water to determine the water refractive index, water dispersion, water attenuation, received optical power, and SNR as direct temperature dependence is done. The optical channel loss model is used to determine the received optical power and the ray trace model is used to define optical radiation pattern. The equation of optical received power by ray trace is the same as that by using the optical channel loss model except for the transmitter gain of them are different. For λ = 486nm with water temperature varying from 4oC to 30oC, the corresponding refractive index decreases from 1.3399 to 1.3379 (so, the optical velocity under fresh water increases from 2.239*108m/s to 2.2423*108 m/s), dispersion decreases from 0.6492 to 0.6459 (ps/m nm), attenuation factor decreases from 0.0378 m− 1 to 0.0345m− 1 and so the required transmitted optical power due to attenuation for 800 m long shrinks to 7.4 %. The Effect of temperature becomes more evident with more link distance. The required transmitted power to achieve the required SNR increases with the more data rate. To overcome the unavailability of the link due to water temperature, the transmitted power must be controlled by the daily water temperature. In this study, the temperature dependence of the performance of the optical link and a simulation proposed example design is done.
Solar Cells Efficiency enhancement using multilevel Selective Energy Contacts (SECs)
Authors: Eskandari Mohammad , Barzinjy Azeez , Rostami Ali , Rostami Ghasem , Dolatyari Mahboubeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
High-energy coming photons can be absorbed and lead to generate hot carriers. In normal solar cells, these carriers are scattered, by electron-electron and electron-lattice mechanisms, and rapidly lose extra energy then approach the conduction band energy edge. This event in addition to other loss mechanisms causes the efficiency reduction in the solar cells to a limited value, theoretically 33%. Accordingly, the efficiency of solar cells can be enhanced considerably, if one makes the possibility for carriers that can be extracted rapidly before scattering and releasing extra energy to the lattice. This type of solar cell is called hot carrier solar cells (HCSCs). To this end, to improve the conversional efficiency, multilevel energy selective contacts (ESCs) as a new concept and new mechanism in solar cells can be utilized. In the other words, several appropriate energy levels as carrier extraction contacts in the conduction band are introduced. Here, we use multilevel ESCs, and based on our simulation it is shown that the maximum efficiency of 75% is achievable for low bandgap materials. For a typical material such as Si, the maximum efficiency is increased to 60% using ten ESCs.
Study on the Evaluation of Ecological Compensation Effect for Environmental Pollution Loss from Energy Consumption: Taking Nanjing MV Industrial Park as an Example
Authors: Han Xiuyan , Cao Tianyi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to explore the effective method of the ecological compensation effect evaluation (ECEE) of the environmental pollution loss (EPS) in the industrial parks, based on the literature review and the current situation analysis, this paper selected four kinds of 26 evaluation indicators to build the evaluation indicators system. The spatial niche suitability model (SNSM) is reconstructed after analysis and improvement. Then, taking Nanjing MV Industrial Park as an example, SNSM and related research data were used to perform an application test of ecological compensation effect evaluation. The evaluation results showed that although the ecological compensation effect of the Nanjing MV industrial park's environmental pollution loss showed an upward trend in 2011–2018, the upward situation showed an imbalance. The effect of ecological environment compensation input status and ecological environment pollution status is significantly lagging behind. They are still the focus of future work of Nanjing MV Industrial Park. The research proved that the niche suitability model's evaluation results conform to Nanjing MV Industrial Park's actual situation. This paper's research results provide an effective quantitative analysis method for the management of ecological compensation effects in industrial parks and the improvement of ecological compensation effects.