bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Drought on Yields of Field Crops Grown under Different Agroecological Conditions in Croatia
Authors: ŠIMUNIĆ Ivan , HUSNJAK Stjepan , ONDRAŠEK Gabrijel , MUSTAĆ Ivan , FILIPOVIĆ Vilim 
Published: December 2021

The research goal was to investigate the impact of drought on the yields of some field crops on three different locations in two different hydrological years (2003 and 2005). Research results show that yield quantity depends on the amount and distribution of precipitation. Yield decreases are higher in case of more severe droughts, and vice versa.
With sufficient water in the soil in the dry 2003, it possible to increase crop yields from 98.1 % to 129.5 % in the Gospić region, from 44.9 % to 72.8 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region. In the hydrologically more favourable 2005, yields were increased from 18.6% to 42.2% in the Gospić region, from 16.1 % to 21.9 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region.
Higher and safer yields in the studied regions can be achieved by compensating soil water deficit in all crop development stages, which requires construction of adequate irrigation systems.
The EU Policy Regulates and Controls the Farming Practices
Authors: CARLIER Lucien , ROTAR Ioan , VIDICAN Roxana 
Published: December 2021

Across the world, agricultural land management has created a rich landscape
diversity. Today’s countryside is a result of farming activities over the centuries. Agriculture is the
main land user and the resulting high visibility leads to a widespread perception that "rural" matches
with "farming". Around 775 million ha land of the European Union (50%) is farmed. This fact alone
highlights the importance of farming for the EU's natural environment. Farming and nature exercise a
profound influence over each other. In the older EU member states, less than 2 % of the active people
is active in agriculture, while in the youngest ones more than 15% is involved. There is a wide range
of farming practices on very large and small farms, with or without animals, very intensive or
extensive, on flat areas or in hilly and mountain regions, very specialized or mixed farms…Therefore
the links between the richness of the natural environment and farming practices are complex. While
many valuable habitats in Europe are maintained by extensive farming, and a wide range of wild
species rely on this for their survival, agricultural practices can also have an adverse impact on natural
resources. Pollution of soil, water and air, fragmentation of habitats and loss of wildlife can be the
result of inappropriate agricultural practices and land use.
Environmental concerns play a vital role in the Common Agricultural Policy-CAP of the
European Union, which deals both with the integration of environmental considerations into CAP
rules and with the development of agricultural practices preserving the environment and safeguarding
the countryside. At the end of 2008 the EU agriculture ministers reached a political agreement on the
Health Check of the Common Agricultural Policy, published in Council Regulation (EC) No 73/2009
repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003. This Health Check will modernize, simplify and
streamline the CAP and remove restrictions on farmers, thus helping them to respond better to signals
from the market and to face new challenges. Climate change, renewable energy, water management,
biodiversity and dairy restructuring are crucial challenges for Europe's rural areas, agriculture and
forestry.
Since its foundation by 6 countries in 1957, the EU changed in many aspects and especially in
regulating and controlling agricultural matters. This contribution will give an overview of the EU CAP
by referring to the relevant Commission Regulations, Directives and Recommendations and to
documents prepared by the authors on the occasion of the 9 international symposia of the UASVM
Cluj-Napoca.
Study upon Seed Germination of Chrysanthemum Cinerariaefolium (Trev.) Vis.
Authors: ARDELEAN Anca Eva , MORAR Gavrilă 
Published: December 2021

Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trev.) Vis is a species known for its usage in natural control of insects, inside the house and in biologic agriculture, as well as for its usage in treatment of different affections of the human and animal body.
Aspects regarding seed germination of this species are known as being a difficult problem, specialized literature presenting different values, generally reduced.
The present study establishes germination of 1, 2 and 3 years old seeds by using classical methods in blotting paper envelopes and blotting paper layer, in Linhardt dishes.
In order to identify solutions that would contribute to the growth of germinating values, stimulating methods were tested by exposing seeds to darkness or light or by subduing them to a KNO3 and energized water treatment.
Results show a low germinating percent, between 20% and 30% for all the ages of the studied seeds. Stimulating methods do not induce an appreciable germination increase, the highest percentage (31%) being obtained by using the Linhardt dish method combined with darkness exposure and application of KNO3, 0.2% solution and by using energized water (31.75%). When coming to stimulation, best results were given by energized water treatment.
Research on the Cultivation of 8 Marigold Varieties (Calendula Officinalis L.) in Various Conditions of Fertilization in the Jucu, Cluj
Authors: DUDA Marcel Matei , BUNESCU Horia , FIŢIU Avram , VAIDA Simona 
Published: December 2021

The experimental field UASVM Cluj-Napoca, from Jucu in 2008, we made some research on the behavior of eight marigold varieties in three conditions of soil fertilization with manure. The year 2008 was characterized by an amount close to average rainfall, but a mean temperature of the vegetation period increased by 6.7°C. Climatic conditions were favorable marigold cultivation.
The marigold cultivars have made a number of biometric measurements such as waist measurement of average plants, diameter of inflorescences, inflorescence mass of 100, the production of inflorescences and drying efficiency.
Plant size in the eight varieties of marigold was between 64 and 92 cm. Average diameter of inflorescences was between 4.7 and 8.25 cm. Mass of 100 marigold inflorescence ranged from 240 to 90 g and the production of fresh inflorescences was between 6,890 and 10,200 kg/ha.
Yields the largest inflorescence was obtained from cultivars „Belezza del Pacifico", "Cluj 2"and "Starsem 922", with over 9600 kg fresh inflorescences /ha. Production at marigold is strongly influenced by genotype and fertilizer. The average yield was drying 6 / 1. There is a direct correlation between size and mass of their inflorescences.
Researches on the Alternative Fuels Which Can Be Used to Motors
Authors: DUMITRU Mariana 
Published: December 2021

The alternative fuels are substances or materials used as fuel, other than the old conventional fuels (oil, natural gases and coals).
The paper analyses the most important alternative fuels, such as: bio-diesel, alcohols and hydrogen, presenting at each category the main important characteristics, the advantages and disadvantages presented by them.
The methyl-ester which is known as bio-diesel can be used in all motors with ignition by compression, alone or mixed in any proportion with oil, with minor modifications at the injection system. Bio-diesel fuel assures the same motor power as oil does, having even a bigger cetanic number than the usual oil. After tests, it was observed that the consumption is also similar, at the same motor performances. The bio-diesel fuel has very good lubricant properties, such as its adding to oil leads to a better protection of the pieces in motion of the motor.
The second alternative fuel analyzed are the alcohols. The most used primary alcohol is the methanol, the most simple secondary alcohol is izo- propane and the most simple third alcohol is third-butanone. The most used alcohol as fuel is the methanol and the ethanol.
The methanol presents some disadvantages such as: the tendency of reducing the effective power, a big delay at self-ignition, the unfavorable properties of oiling, the reduced capacity of mixing with petrol fractions.
Finally, the paper presents some researches made on using hydrogen as fuel for auto vehicles motors.
Western Corn Rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Le Conte – Several Years of Research in Western Part of Romania
Authors: GROZEA Ioana 
Published: December 2021

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), known as western corn rootworm (WCR), is an important pest for maize crops from Romania, after corn borer larvae. Fourteen years ago, this pest has entered in our country. Since its introduction Diabrotica v. has been spreading in western part of Romania and many investigations were started by us to understand very well the morphology, eco-biology and control of the species.
First occureance and activity period. The immature developmental stages of WCR (larvae, pupae, eggs) have been observed for the first time in Romania, in soil sample during 2000-2002. Adults’ activity developed from during June to September.The males have appeared earlier than females with approximate 4-6 days. The females have begun to lay eggs in middle of July. In soil, the larvae were observed from May to August and pupae were observed from June until August, too.
Colour variability. In monitoring activities, the most of specialists use the color criterion for establishing males and females. However, this is not so precise method, because the great variability of color what is frequently in many populations. Therefore, we tried to eliminate any doubt regarding sex ratio.
Influence of weather and geographical areas. Based on our data during 2003-2005, we can emphasize a very serious influence of air temperature and rainfall on WCR flight dynamics in adults. Regarding the altitude, we observed a decreasing number of WCR adults at once the altitude increase.
Control strategies. In preventive control avoiding monoculture play a main role, because the larvae survived only maize roots. Some researches realized in western part pointed efficacy of seed treatments (using imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiametoxam) against larval populations. Very important is using a chemical product (thiametoxam) against adults (like an additionally product). From an-polluting method may mention follows: pheromone traps, color traps, autochthonous natural enemies. The spider species Argiope bruennichi (Araneae:Araneidae) and Theridion impressum (Araneae:Theriidae) are able to diminish significantly population of adults, especially in appearance of maize silk.
The Biochemical Confirmation of Salmomella and Listeria Pathogen Microorganisms from Food with the Help of Vidas and Vitek Rapid Analyzers
Authors: APOSTU Sorin , LAZAR Carmen , ROTAR Ancuta Mihaela , DUMA Mihaela 
Published: December 2021

Listeria monocytogenes is widely spread in the environment and represents a potential risk when non-processed, partially processed of fermented food is consumed.
The VIDAS L. monocytogenes II test is a rapid screening test and represents an alternative to the long-term alternative identification. This test can be used for the direct screening of L. monocytogenes in the food samples and the environment.
Salmonella is one of the main causes of food toxic infection. Salmonella organisms are ubique in the environment and reach the intestine of humans and other mamals, especially domestic and predomestic (rodents), birds, reptiles and even insects.(Ancuţa M. Rotar, S. Apostu, 2009).
Detecting Salmonella using classical methods: preinrichment steps, enrichment, isolation and confirmation can last up to 5 days. The screening techniques, based on the imunoenzimatic analysis (IEA) oferring the possibility of simplifying and the accelerating the detection.
This way, the automatic IEA Salmonella VIDAS test (SLM) for detecting Salmonella in food samples and environment uses a mixture of capture antibodies with high specificity both against O antigens and H antigens, which allows the detection of both mobile and imobile Salmonella.
The VITEK 2 GP and GN cards were developed to satisfy the growing demand for quality control measures within the food industry and provide identification of organisms in just hours, while traditional methods take days to deliver results. The GN card provides automatic identification of the most significant fermenting and non-fermenting Gram -negative bacilli, including several Salmonella species and E. coli O157, in addition to the select agent organisms Brucella melitensis, Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Yersinia pestis. The VITEK 2 GP card provides rapid identification of common Gram - positive organisms, including Listeria and Staphylococcus species (bioMérieux Industry).
Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Food
Authors: FEIER Dana , TOFANA Maria 
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Ochratoxin A (OA) in food based on the results of the investigation about the Assessment of dietary intake of Ochratoxin A by the population of EU Member States.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) can occur in a large variety of commodities (cereals, beans, groundnuts, spices, dried fruits, coffee, beer, wine) and, because of a carry-over effect, in milk, pig blood, liver, and kidney, and poultry meat from animals fed with contaminated feed. Because of the persistence of OTA in the food chain, exposure to the compound is a potential human health hazard. This has prompted adoption of regulatory limits in several countries which, in turn, implies the development of suitable validated and official analytical methods and rapid screening tests for cost-effective food control on a large scale.
Liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC–FLD), coupled with immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up, is the most widely employed analytical technique. LC coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (MS) has detection limits comparable with those of LC– FLD and the selectivity of IAC can be achieved by tandem (MS–MS) or sequential (MSn) detection. Synthetic counterparts to natural antibodies in the form of molecularly imprinted polymers seem a promising alternative to IAC for sample preparation. New analytical approaches to rapid, low-cost screening methods, for example those based on biosensors and dip-stick-like kits, are a direction in which innovation can be expected.
The Remnant Effect of Merlin Duo and Gardorprim Plus Gold 500 SC Herbicides Applied to Coriander Crops
Authors: ŞARPE Nicolae , POIENARU Ştefan 
Published: December 2021

The remnant effect of herbicides was studied by many foreign researchers: Hurle (1980), Hime et al. (1991), Wuerzer (1985). In Romania, the largest number of experiments regarding the remnant effect of herbicides based on atrazin and simazin upon various crops has been made by dr. Şarpe and his collaborators. During the past 10 years, studies have been also made regarding the remnant effect of dicamba and 2.4-D herbicides upon various crops, namely maize, sunflower, sugar beet and flax hemp, as well as upon genetically-modified peas and winter wheat.
The experiments regarding the remnant effect of Merlin Duo and Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC are the first ones of this type and unique in Romania - being carried out in the Flood Plain of the Danube River. In the years 2007-2008, experiments were performed at the Agrofam-Holding Agricultural Company from Fetesti, Ialomita County, situated in an area with alluvial soil specific to the aforementioned Flood Plain, the aim being to study the remnant effect of the herbicides Merlin Duo, which contains 37.5g/liters isoxaflutol + 375 g/liters terbuthylazin, Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC, which contains 312.5 g/liters S – metalochlor + 187.5 g /liters terbuthylazin.
The Merlin Duo herbicide was applied in doses of 3 and 6 liters per hectare, and the Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC was applied in doses of 5 and 10 liters per hectare. Both herbicides were applied in July, after the wheat was harvested. After application, the herbicides were incorporated by disking 15-18 cm deep into the ground. In the autumn of the year 2008, before the winter wheat was sowed, the land was labored 10 cm deep by the disk and the combinatory. Based on the observations made every month during the vegetation stage and on the yield obtained, the authors have reached the conclusion that the Merlin Duo and Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC did not present any remnant effects on the alluvial soil from the Flood Plain of the Danube river.
Analytical Determination of Carotenoids in Inland Ocimum Basilicum L.
Authors: MATEA Cristian Tudor , SORAN Maria Loredana , PINTEA Adela , BELE Constantin 
Published: December 2021

The analysis of carotenoids presents in inland Ocimum basilicum L. irradiated in a microwave field was performed in this study. The extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were obtained with Ultraturrax in water: acetone (10 + 90, v/v) mixture, stirring 2 h. The extracts were analysed using a Jasco V-530 UV-VIS spectrophotometer and a Shimadzu HPLC equipped with PDA detector, for carotenoids identifying.
The HPLC analyses were performed on YMC C30 column, 5 μm, 250 x 4.6 mm, using a linear gradient of two different solvents mixtures A – methanol : methyl-tert-butyl-ether : water (81+15+4, v/v) and B with the sames component but in the follow range 6+90+4, v/v were the solvent mixtures used as mobile phase. The linear gradient was 1%B to 100%B in 90 min. The carotenoids identification was performed using the standard solutions.
Pedometric Techniques in Spatialisation of Soil Properties for Agricultural Land Evaluation
Authors: TANASĂ Iuliana Cornelia , NICULITĂ Mihai , ROŞCA Bogdan , PÎRNĂU Radu 
Published: December 2021

Agricultural land evaluation plays an important role in the pedologic and economic foundation of a sustainable agricultural practice and management. Usually, the agricultural land evaluation framework use soil, environment and land improvements data for computing an index of suitability for various agricultural uses.
Because of the punctual availability of soil data, we investigated the use of pedometric and geostatistical techniques (multiple linear regression, logistic regression, kriging) for their spatialisation, to be used further, for computing the suitability index, according to Romanian Agricultural Land Evaluation Methodology. The pedometric techniques were applied to a soil legacy database (620 described soil profiles with analytical data covering 15 villages from Iasi County, made by Iaşi Office for Pedology and Agrochemistry. The results are promising, but the quality of results, depend on the quality and quantity of soil data.
Foliar Fertilization Effect of Supplementing the Fertilization of the Soil on the Production of Potato Tubers
Authors: TOADER Constantin , RUSU Mihai , MĂRGHITAŞ Marilena , MIHAI Mihaela 
Published: December 2021

Present worldwide debate, including certain national approaches, lead to highly diversified tendencies for the implementation of agricultural systems involving a higher or lesser role played by fertilizer employment in their success, but they are all called to make a contribution to the achievement of qualitative and quantitative food quantities, while increasing soil fertility and environmental protection. In terms of scientific fundamentals with regard to complex food chain effects, all agricultural systems are perfectible and thus make it impossible for an ultimate and complete achievement of objectives set by human society, cosumers and soil fertility increase requirements.
Potato crop fertilizer application does not always bear the mark of the agricultural systems in terms of varieties, content and doses applied, as the purpose and importance of this crop frequently determines attention granted to the achievement of high production results that are much better than in other plants. In this context, the objectives of our research, as well as the research-experiment of the effect of foliar fertilizer assortments ultimately provide applicable variants for agricultural practice that are applied on the inside and the outside of the practised agricultural system.
The present paper aims at preseting the results obtained by applying a wide range of foliar fertilizers on the Redsec variety, during the 2005, 2006 and 2007, when the productive effect of these fertilizers was highlighted and differentiated according to the fertilizer assortment and conditions of application.
Differentiation of effects obtained by foliar fertilizer application and the level of tuber production are dependant on the application of these fertilizers through varieties exhibiting an essential macroelement nutritive balance or i the particular coposition, there is a predominance of nitrogen presence and concentration (such assortments like Lecol, Folifert and Fortifert). These results show that the effect of foliar fertilizers applied is first due to the involvement of these compositions within the nitrogen cycle and its assimilatio that can be capitalized at an optimal level through the simultaneous representation of phosphorus and potassium in their composition.
Researches Regarding the Processing of the Hemp Seed by Cold Pressing
Authors: MORAR Maria Virginia , DRAGAN Katalin , BELE Constantin , MATEA Cristian , TARTA Iustin , SUHAROVSCHI Ramona , SEMENIUC Cristina 
Published: December 2021

The hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds present an important raw material resource for the industry due to processing possibilities of plants components. The hemp oil and the pressing cake resulted by the cold pressing of the hemp presents excellent alimentary and therapeutic properties.
The purpose of the research was to study the technology of obtaining of the hemp oil by cold pressing of the seeds, the influence of the process parameters and raw materials quality upon the products quality.
The pressing was made with screw press of small using press nozzle in diameters of 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 mm. For the hemp seed there were determined the organoleptic characteristics (total volatile matter and the raw fat content by Soxhlet extraction). For the hemp oil there were determined the acid value and the peroxide value. There werde determined the working parameters of the press (the rate efficiency and the productivity of the press).
The results emphasized important data for the practice. The fat content of the seed was between 30,89 and 33,25 % and the volatile matter was between 90,42 and 93,68 %. The rate efficieny of the cold pressing of the hemp seed was between 23,89 and 27,69 % obtained oil, being influenced by the characteristics of the seeds. The pressing process was also influenced by the quality of the seed, presenting optimal values in the case of using pressing nozzle 8 and 10 mm in diameter. The acid values of the hemp oil was between 0,65 and 4,45 mg KOH/g oil and the peroxide values was between 0,62 and 26,91 mEg O2/g. Further studies are recommended be made and there are the initiations of ab informational programme, in order to inform the farmers and consumer about the benefic and therapeutic effects of the hemp oil upon the health.
Studies on Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of New Varieties of Mustard Cream
Authors: MUSTE Sevastita , CERBU Andruta Elena , MURESAN Crina , MAN Simona , MURESAN Vlad , BIROU(POP) Anamaria , CHIRCU Carmen 
Published: December 2021

The paper presents methods for obtaining table mustard and other three new varieties: rosemary mustard, mint mustard, fennel mustard and also their physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characterization.
After the determinations made, both raw materials and finished product quality parameters obtained are superior to existing assortments. Results of microbiological determinations for all 4 types of mustard studied are within the standards.
Scores obtained from sensory analysis was: classic table mustard 4.15 (max. 5 points), followed by fennel mustard - 4.02, rosemary mustard - 3.98 and mint mustard - 3.96.