bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible light‐assisted degradation of binary mixture of dyes using purple tea‐mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Das Jayanta , Das Krishna Chandra , Thakurata Debasish Guha , Dhar Siddhartha Sankar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work presents completely a new, green, and non‐expensive route of synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using purple tea leaves. The crystalline nature of purple tea‐mediated ZnO NPs (PT‐ZnO NPs) was confirmed by XRD and SAED analyses. Further characterizations of PT‐ZnO NPs were done using UV‐vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM‐EDX, and TEM. The size of synthesized NPs was calculated to be 15.1 nm which presented spherical morphology with some sorts of agglomeration. The PT‐ZnO NPs when applied as visible light‐driven photocatalyst for degradation of dyes, Malachite green (MG) and Rhodamine B (RB) showed that degradation was found to be higher in their binary solution (MG‐RB) than in their single solution (MG/RB). MG 95% and RB 35% was degraded in their binary solution where as in their respective single dye solution MG 89% and RB 22% got degraded within the experimental time. The highly pure, PT‐ZnO NPs are considered to have comparable photocatalytic activity with respect to most of the reported works and hence might find a way for its practical application for waste water treatment in the real world. The PT‐ZnO NPs could be reused at least for five times without any significant loss in degradation efficiency.
From Paper to Online: Digitizing Card Based Co-creation of Games for Privacy Education
Authors: Jost Patrick , Divitini Monica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEducation is rapidly evolving from co-located settings to remote and online learning. However, many proven educational tools are designed for collaborative, co-located classroom work. Effective sketching and ideating tools, such as card-based workshop tools, cannot be applied in remote teaching.This paper explores how the paper-based card and playboard metaphor can be digitized for remote student co-creation via video call sessions. Therefore, a card-based toolkit for co-creating educational games is transformed into a digital representation for remote application. In a between-subject trial with two university student groups (n = 61), it is investigated how users perceive ideation/balancing support and applicability of the technology-enhanced card toolset compared to the paper-based variant. Both groups thereby created an analytic game concept for privacy education.The results remarkably revealed that remote co-creation using the technology-enhanced card and playboard in video call sessions was perceived as significantly more supportive for ideation and game concept balancing. Students also felt more confident to apply the digitized card toolset independently while being more satisfied with their created game concepts. The designed educational game concepts showed comparable patterns between the groups and disclosed the students’ preferences on how games for privacy education should be designed and when and where they would like to play them. Conclusively, design implications for digital card ideation toolsets were synthesized from the findings.
Der gerechte Frieden – zur Verortung eines Konzeptes
Authors: Werkner Ines-Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungSemantisch grenzt sich der gerechte Frieden in zweifacher Weise ab: zum einen vom gerechten Krieg, zum anderen von einem ungerechten Frieden (vgl. hierzu auch Werkner 2018, S. 35 ff.). Für die Entstehung des Konzeptes erweist sich die erste Abgrenzung – wie an obiger Stelle bereits beschrieben – als zentral.
Zivile Konfliktbearbeitung – eine vorrangige Aufgabe, aber nicht ohne Beschränkungen und Aporien
Authors: Werkner Ines-Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungFrieden durch Recht mit seinem Instrument der rechtserhaltenden Gewalt beziehungsweise wie zuvor diskutiert des rechtserhaltenden Zwangs stellt eine notwendige, aber noch keine hinreichende Bedingung des Friedens dar. Bereits die EKD-Schrift von 1994 „Schritte auf dem Weg des Friedens“ verweist auf gebotene komplementäre Zugangsweisen
Gerechter Frieden als Orientierungswissen – ein christliches Leitbild für eine plurale Gesellschaft? Ein Ausblick
Authors: Werkner Ines-Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungInhaltlich bewegt sich das Konzept des gerechten Friedens in dem entfalteten Spannungsfeld zwischen ziviler Konfliktbearbeitung und rechtserhaltender Gewalt. Welche Bedeutung kommt ihm nun aber als Orientierungswissen in inner- und außerkirchlichen Kontexten zu? Die Friedensdenkschrift von 2007 gilt bis heute als zentrale Referenzquelle der EKD in Friedensfragen.
Time-delayed electrons from neutral currents at the LHC
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Wang Kechen , Wang Zeren Simon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We investigate long-lived particles (LLPs) produced in pair from neutral currents and decaying into a displaced electron plus two jets at the LHC, utilizing the proposed minimum ionizing particle timing detector at CMS. We study two benchmark models: the R-parity-violating supersymmetry with the lightest neutralinos being the lightest supersymmetric particle and two different U(1) extensions of the standard model with heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). The light neutralinos are produced from the standard model Z-boson decays via small Higgsino components, and the HNLs arise from decays of a heavy gauge boson, Z′. By simulating the signal processes at the HL-LHC with the center-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 14 TeV and integrated luminosity of 3 ab−1, our analyses indicate that the search strategy based on a timing trigger and the final state kinematics has the potential to probe the parameter space that is complementary to other traditional LLP search strategies such as those based on the displaced vertex.
Topological violation of global symmetries in quantum gravity
Authors: Yonekura Kazuya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We discuss a topological reason why global symmetries are not conserved in quantum gravity, at least when the symmetry comes from compactification of a higher form symmetry. The mechanism is purely topological and does not require any explicit breaking term in the UV Lagrangian. Local current conservation does not imply global charge conservation in a sum over geometries in the path integral. We explicitly consider the shift symmetry of an axion-like field which originates from the compactification of a p-form gauge field. Our topological construction is motivated by the brane/black-brane correspondence, brane instantons, and an idea that virtual black branes of a simple kind may be realized by surgery on spacetime manifolds.
Defects in the STIM1 SOARα2 domain affect multiple steps in the CRAC channel activation cascade
Authors: Höglinger Carmen , Grabmayr Herwig , Maltan Lena , Horvath Ferdinand , Krobath Heinrich , Muik Martin , Tiffner Adela , Renger Thomas , Romanin Christoph , Fahrner Marc , Derler Isabella 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel consists of STIM1, a Ca2+ sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Orai1, the Ca2+ ion channel in the plasma membrane. Ca2+ store depletion triggers conformational changes and oligomerization of STIM1 proteins and their direct interaction with Orai1. Structural alterations include the transition of STIM1 C-terminus from a folded to an extended conformation thereby exposing CAD (CRAC activation domain)/SOAR (STIM1-Orai1 activation region) for coupling to Orai1. In this study, we discovered that different point mutations of F394 in the small alpha helical segment (STIM1 α2) within the CAD/SOAR apex entail a rich plethora of effects on diverse STIM1 activation steps. An alanine substitution (STIM1 F394A) destabilized the STIM1 quiescent state, as evident from its constitutive activity. Single point mutation to hydrophilic, charged amino acids (STIM1 F394D, STIM1 F394K) impaired STIM1 homomerization and subsequent Orai1 activation. MD simulations suggest that their loss of homomerization may arise from altered formation of the CC1α1-SOAR/CAD interface and potential electrostatic interactions with lipid headgroups in the ER membrane. Consistent with these findings, we provide experimental evidence that the perturbing effects of F394D depend on the distance of the apex from the ER membrane. Taken together, our results suggest that the CAD/SOAR apex is in the immediate vicinity of the ER membrane in the STIM1 quiescent state and that different mutations therein can impact the STIM1/Orai1 activation cascade in various manners.
Graphic abstract

Legend: Upon intracellular Ca2+ store depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Ca2+ dissociates from STIM1. As a result, STIM1 adopts an elongated conformation and elicits Ca2+ influx from the extracellular matrix (EM) into the cell due to binding to and activation of Ca2+-selective Orai1 channels (left). The effects of three point mutations within the SOARα2 domain highlight the manifold roles of this region in the STIM1/Orai1 activation cascade: STIM1 F394A is active irrespective of the intracellular ER Ca2+ store level, but activates Orai1 channels to a reduced extent (middle). On the other hand, STIM1 F394D/K cannot adopt an elongated conformation upon Ca2+ store-depletion due to altered formation of the CC1α1-SOAR/CAD interface and/or electrostatic interaction of the respective side-chain charge with corresponding opposite charges on lipid headgroups in the ER membrane (right).
Operative Approach Does Not Impact Radial Margin Positivity in Distal Rectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang George Q. , Sahyoun Rebecca , Stem Miloslawa , Lo Brian D. , Rajput Ashwani , Efron Jonathan E. , Atallah Chady , Safar Bashar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRobotic surgery is attractive for resection of low rectal cancer due to greater dexterity and visualization, but its benefit is poorly understood. We aimed to determine if operative approach impacts radial margin positivity (RMP) and postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program who underwent APR for low rectal cancer from 2016 to 2019. Patients were stratified by operative approach: robotic, laparoscopic, and open APR (R‐APR, L‐APR, and O‐APR). Emergent cases were excluded. The primary outcome was RMP. 30‐day postoperative outcomes were also evaluated, using logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong 1,807 patients, 452 (25.0%) underwent R‐APR, 474 (26.2%) L‐APR, and 881 (48.8%) O‐APR. No differences regarding RMP (13.5% R‐APR vs. 10.8% L‐APR vs. 12.3% O‐APR, p = 0.44), distal margin positivity, positive nodes, readmission, or operative time were observed between operative approaches. Adjusted analysis confirmed that operative approach did not predict RMP (p > 0.05 for all). Risk factors for RMP included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification III (ASA I‐II ref; OR 1.46, p = 0.039), pT3‐4 stage (T0‐2 ref, OR 4.02, p < 0.001), pN2 stage (OR 1.98, p = 0.004), disseminated cancer (OR 1.90, p = 0.002), and lack of preoperative radiation (OR 1.98, p < 0.01).ConclusionsNo difference in RMP was observed among R‐APR, L‐APR, and O‐APR. Postoperatively, R‐APR yielded greater benefit when compared to O‐APR, but was comparable to that of L‐APR. Minimally invasive surgery may be an appropriate option and worthy consideration for patients with distal rectal cancer requiring APR.
A survey to evaluate knowledge, perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinations among rheumatologists in Germany
Authors: Hasseli Rebecca , Pfeil Alexander , Krause Andreas , Schulze-Koops Hendrik , Müller-Ladner Ulf , Specker Christof ,   for the COVID-19 Task Force of the German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh), Hoyer Bimba , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Regierer Anne , Richter Jutta , Schmeiser Tim , Strangfeld Anja , Voll Reinhard , Voormann Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective is to evaluate the attitude of rheumatologists regarding the use of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs). From February 2nd until March 15th, 2021, rheumatologists from Germany were asked to participate anonymously in a survey addressing their attitude with respect to COVID-19 vaccinations of IRD patients. The survey was completed by 214 participants (107 men, 103 women, 4 unspecified). More than half of the physicians (61%) were working in rheumatologic private practices and 62% had more than 20 years of experience in rheumatology. 90% reported to be at least confidential in handling issues of COVID-19 vaccination and 99% would recommend COVID-19 vaccination for IRD patients. The majority would not recommend to stop or reduce immunomodulatory drugs for vaccination except for rituximab. More than 70% would prefer vaccination with a mRNA vaccine for their IRD patients. This study shows that almost all rheumatologists in Germany support the COVID-19 vaccination for their IRD patients without reducing or terminating the actual immunomodulatory medication to potentially improve the response to the vaccine. This attitude is in accordance with the current recommendations of the German Society of Rheumatology regarding COVID-19 vaccination in IRD patients, and indicates that these have been well accepted and work in everyday clinical practice.
Long-term changes in the refractive effect of a toric intraocular lens on astigmatism correction
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Yoshida Motoaki , Hayashi Shunsuke , Hirata Akira 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the long-term changes in the astigmatism-correcting effect of a toric intraocular lens (IOL) after stabilization of surgically induced astigmatic changes due to cataract surgery.

Methods
Unilateral eyes of 120 patients that received a toric IOL for against-the-rule (ATR) or with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism were enrolled. Manifest refractive and anterior corneal astigmatism, and ocular residual astigmatism which is mainly derived from internal optics were examined preoperatively, at approximately 2 months postoperatively (baseline) and at 5 ~ 10 years postbaseline. The astigmatism was decomposed to vertical/horizontal (Rx) and oblique components (Ry), which was compared between baseline and 5 ~ 10 years postbaseline.

Results
In the eyes having ATR astigmatism, the mean Rx and Ry of the manifest refractive and corneal astigmatism significantly changed toward ATR astigmatism between the baseline and 5 ~ 10 years postbaseline (p ≤ 0.0304), but those of ocular residual astigmatism did not change significantly between the 2 time points. In the eyes having WTR astigmatism, the Rx and Ry of refractive, corneal, and ocular residual astigmatism did not change significantly between the 2 time points. Double-angle plots revealed an ATR shift in refractive and corneal astigmatism and no marked change in the ocular residual astigmatism in the eyes with ATR astigmatism, and there is no change in this astigmatism in the eyes with WTR astigmatism.

Conclusion
The long-term changes with age in the effect of a toric IOL significantly deteriorated due to an ATR shift of corneal astigmatism in the eyes having ATR astigmatism, while it was maintained in eyes having WTR astigmatism, suggesting that ATR astigmatism should be overcorrected.
Is it time to consider depression as a major complication of type 2 diabetes? Evidence from a large population-based cohort study
Authors: Messina Rossella , Iommi Marica , Rucci Paola , Reno Chiara , Fantini Maria Pia , Lunghi Carlotta , Altini Mattia , Bravi Francesca , Rosa Simona , Nicolucci Antonio , Di Bartolo Paolo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims
Depression in type 2 diabetes may heavily affect the course of the disease. In this study, we investigated, among new cases with type 2 diabetes, the incidence and clinical predictors of depression and determined the extent to which depression constitutes a risk factor for acute and long-term diabetes complications and mortality.

Methods
In this population-based retrospective cohort study, incident cases of type 2 diabetes without a prior history of depression were identified from the administrative databases of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, between 2008 and 2017 and followed up until 2020. Logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of depression. Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of acute complications over three years, and the risk of long-term complications and mortality over ten years.

Results
Incident cases with type 2 diabetes were 30,815, of whom 5146 (16.7%) developed depression. The predictors of depression onset were as follows: female sex, age > 65 years, living in rural areas and comorbid diseases. Depression in type 2 diabetes was associated with a 2.3-fold risk of developing acute complications, 1.6-fold risk of developing long-term complications and 2.8-fold mortality risk.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight that depression is associated with an increased risk for complications in type 2 diabetes and mortality and should not be neglected. Therefore, it is important to promote screening activities and introduce targeted and personalized treatment for depression in order to reduce the risk of poor short- and long-term outcomes of diabetes.
Intraoral scanner-based monitoring of tooth wear in young adults: 12-month results
Authors: Schlenz Maximiliane Amelie , Schlenz Moritz Benedikt , Wöstmann Bernd , Jungert Alexandra , Ganss Carolina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate tooth wear in young adults, intraoral scanning was used for digital monitoring of the mandibular first molar over 12 months. A possible influence of aetiological factors obtained by a questionnaire on tooth wear was investigated.

Materials and methods
A total of 109 participants (mean age at the start of the study: 21.0 ± 2.2 years) were included in this clinical study. At baseline (T0), an intraoral scan (Trios 3, 3Shape) of the study tooth (FDI # 36 or #46) was conducted. After a mean observation period of 373 ± 19 days, a second intraoral scan (T1, n = 94) of the same tooth as at T0 was performed and standard tessellation language datasets were superimposed with 3D analysis software (GOM Inspect). The occlusal surface of the study tooth was divided into 7 areas (5 cusps, 2 ridges) and maximum vertical substance loss was measured between T0 and T1 (n = 91). Three types of tooth wear were defined: cupping (C), facet (F) and combined cupping-facet (CF). Furthermore, a questionnaire on aetiological factors, such as dietary behaviour, was filled out at T0. Data were analysed with non-parametric tests (p < 0.05).

Results
Only one study tooth exhibited no tooth wear at T0, whereas 3 teeth showed C, 47 teeth F and 40 teeth CF. A progression of vertical substance loss for all three types was shown. Most affected were the mesiobuccal cusps (43, 38/47 µm; median, 95%CI) followed by distobuccal (36, 33/39 µm), mesiolingual (35, 26/40 µm), distolingual (34, 27/36 µm) and distal (31, 25/34 µm). On mesial and distal ridges, only F was detected with the lowest vertical substance loss of all areas (mesial ridge: 0, 0/0 µm; distal ridge: 0, 0/0 µm). An association between aetiological factors and loss values could not be shown.

Conclusions
All study teeth showed clear signs of wear, and after only 1 year, further substance loss was detectable. This result is of significance for young adults.

Clinical relevance
Since data of young adults regarding tooth wear are scarce, the results give a first idea of the amount of vertical loss per year and its relation to aetiological factors such as dietary behaviour. Therefore, further studies over a longer observation period are highly recommended.
Electrochemical determination of acetaminophen at a carbon electrode modified in the presence of β-cyclodextrin: role of the activated glassy carbon and the electropolymerised β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Healy Bronach , Rizzuto Francesco , de Rose Marida , Yu Tian , Breslin Carmel B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcetaminophen is a well-known drug commonly used to provide pain relief, but it can also lead to acute liver failure at high concentrations. Therefore, there is considerable interest in monitoring its concentrations. Sensitive and selective acetaminophen electrochemical sensors were designed by cycling a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to high potentials in the presence of β-CD in a phosphate electrolyte, or by simply activating the GCE electrode in the phosphate solution. Using cyclic voltammetry, adsorption-like voltammograms were recorded. The acetaminophen oxidation product, N-acetyl benzoquinone imine, was protected from hydrolysis, and this was attributed to the adsorption of acetaminophen at the modified GCE. The rate constants for the oxidation of acetaminophen were estimated as 4.3 × 10–3 cm2 s–1 and 3.4 × 10–3 cm2 s–1 for the β-CD-modified and -activated electrodes, respectively. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the limit of detection was calculated as 9.7 × 10–8 M with a linear concentration range extending from 0.1 to 80 μM. Furthermore, good selectivity was achieved in the presence of caffeine, ascorbic acid and aspirin, enabling the determination of acetaminophen in a commercial tablet. Similar electrochemical data were obtained for both the β-CD-modified and activated GCE surfaces, suggesting that the enhanced detection of acetaminophen is connected mainly to the activation and oxidation of the GCE. Using SEM, EDX and FTIR, no evidence was obtained to indicate that the β-CD was electropolymerised at the GCE.
The price of anarchy in routing games as a function of the demand
Authors: Cominetti Roberto , Dose Valerio , Scarsini Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe price of anarchy has become a standard measure of the efficiency of equilibria in games. Most of the literature in this area has focused on establishing worst-case bounds for specific classes of games, such as routing games or more general congestion games. Recently, the price of anarchy in routing games has been studied as a function of the traffic demand, providing asymptotic results in light and heavy traffic. The aim of this paper is to study the price of anarchy in nonatomic routing games in the intermediate region of the demand. To achieve this goal, we begin by establishing some smoothness properties of Wardrop equilibria and social optima for general smooth costs. In the case of affine costs we show that the equilibrium is piecewise linear, with break points at the demand levels at which the set of active paths changes. We prove that the number of such break points is finite, although it can be exponential in the size of the network. Exploiting a scaling law between the equilibrium and the social optimum, we derive a similar behavior for the optimal flows. We then prove that in any interval between break points the price of anarchy is smooth and it is either monotone (decreasing or increasing) over the full interval, or it decreases up to a certain minimum point in the interior of the interval and increases afterwards. We deduce that for affine costs the maximum of the price of anarchy can only occur at the break points. For general costs we provide counterexamples showing that the set of break points is not always finite.