bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PaRent InterventiOn to pRevent dIsordered eating in children with TYpe 1 diabetes (PRIORITY): Study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jones Christina J. , O’Donnell Nicola , John Mary , Cooke Debbie , Stewart Rose , Hale Lucy , Skene Simon S. , Kanumakala Shankar , Harrington Megan , Satherley Rose‐Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsIncreasing evidence suggests that children and young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at greater risk of disordered eating compared to children without T1D. Disordered eating in T1D has been linked to impaired wellbeing, increased health service use and early mortality. To address this problem, we will co‐develop a psycho‐education intervention for parents of children and young people with T1D, informed by the Information Motivation Behavioural Skills model.MethodsThe objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention compared to a waitlist control group using a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) design. We aim to recruit 70 parents of children and young people with T1D (11–14 years), 35 in each arm. Those assigned to the intervention will be invited to participate in two workshops of 2 h each. Parents will be asked to complete outcome measures regarding eating habits, diabetes management, as well as a questionnaire based on the Information Motivation Behavioural Skills model which provides a theoretical foundation for the intervention. These will be completed at baseline, 1‐ and 3‐month post‐intervention. Children and young people will be asked to complete questionnaires on their eating behaviours at the same time intervals. Parents randomised to receive the intervention will be invited to take part in interviews to feedback on the intervention and research protocol acceptability.ConclusionIt is anticipated that the psycho‐education intervention aimed at parents will help prevent the development of disordered eating in children and young people with T1D and improve parental wellbeing. The results of this feasibility trial will determine whether this intervention approach is acceptable to families living with T1D, and whether a definitive RCT of intervention effectiveness is justified. Qualitative findings will be used to refine the intervention and study protocols.Trial registrationThis protocol has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov [Identifier: NCT04741568].
How big are strategic spillovers from corporate tax competition?
Authors: Naitram Simon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStrategic spillovers happen when one country's tax rate responds to tax cuts in other countries. My estimate of the size of strategic spillovers from corporate tax competition is one‐third of the size of consensus estimates. A one percentage point cut in the foreign tax rate results in a 0.23 percentage point cut in the home tax rate. I use two novel identification strategies. First, I use bilateral foreign investment to define how one country matters to another. Second, I use only tax reforms—359 reforms across 76 countries. These identification strategies are derived from a model of corporate tax competition.
Multilobar unilateral hypoplasia with emphasis on the posterior quadrant and severe epilepsy in children with FCD ILAE Type 1A
Authors: Holthausen Hans , Coras Roland , Tang Yingying , Bai Lily , Wang Irene , Pieper Tom , Kudernatsch Manfred , Hartlieb Till , Staudt Martin , Winkler Peter , Hofer Wiebke , Jabari Samir , Kobow Katja , Blumcke Ingmar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) Type 1 and its three subtypes have yet not been fully characterized at the clinical, anatomopathological, and molecular level (International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] FCD classification from 2011). We aimed to describe the clinical phenotype of patients with histopathologically confirmed FCD1A obtained from a single epilepsy center between 2002 and 2016.MethodsMedical records were retrieved from the hospital's archive. Results from electroencephalography (EEG) video recordings, neuroimaging, and histopathology were reevaluated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) post‐processing was retrospectively performed in nine patients. DNA methylation studies were carried out from archival surgical brain tissue in 11 patients.ResultsNineteen children with a histopathological diagnosis of FCD1A were included. The average onset of epilepsy was 0.9 years (range 0.2–10 years). All children had severe cognitive impairment and one third had mild motor deficits, yet fine finger movements were preserved in all patients. All patients had daily seizures, being drug resistant from disease onset. Interictal electroencephalography revealed bilateral multi‐regional epileptiform discharges. Interictal status epilepticus was observed in 8 and countless subclinical seizures in 11 patients. Regional continuous irregular slow waves were of higher lateralizing and localizing yield than spikes. Posterior background rhythms were normal in 16 of 19 children. Neuroimaging showed unilateral multilobar hypoplasia and increased T2‐FLAIR signals of the white matter in 18 of 19 patients. All children underwent tailored multilobar resections, with seizure freedom achieved in 47% (Engel class I). There was no case with frontal involvement without involvement of the posterior quadrant by MRI and histopathology. DNA methylation profiling distinguished FCD1A samples from all other epilepsy specimens and controls.SignificanceWe identified a cohort of young children with drug resistance from seizure onset, bad EEG with posterior emphasis, lack of any focal neurological deficits but severe cognitive impairment, subtle hypoplasia of the epileptogenic area on MRI, and histopathologically defined and molecularly confirmed by DNA methylation analysis as FCD ILAE Type 1A.
Tropical tree growth sensitivity to climate is driven by species intrinsic growth rate and leaf traits
Authors: Bauman David , Fortunel Claire , Cernusak Lucas A. , Bentley Lisa P. , McMahon Sean M. , Rifai Sami W. , Aguirre‐Gutiérrez Jesús , Oliveras Imma , Bradford Matt , Laurance Susan G. W. , Delhaye Guillaume , Hutchinson Michael F. , Dempsey Raymond , McNellis Brandon E. , Santos‐Andrade Paul E. , Ninantay‐Rivera Hugo R. , Chambi Paucar Jimmy R. , Phillips Oliver L. , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA better understanding of how climate affects growth in tree species is essential for improved predictions of forest dynamics under climate change. Long‐term climate averages (mean climate) drive spatial variations in species’ baseline growth rates, whereas deviations from these averages over time (anomalies) can create growth variation around the local baseline. However, the rarity of long‐term tree census data spanning climatic gradients has so far limited our understanding of their respective role, especially in tropical systems. Furthermore, tree growth sensitivity to climate is likely to vary widely among species, and the ecological strategies underlying these differences remain poorly understood. Here, we utilize an exceptional dataset of 49 years of growth data for 509 tree species across 23 tropical rainforest plots along a climatic gradient to examine how multiannual tree growth responds to both climate means and anomalies, and how species’ functional traits mediate these growth responses to climate. We show that anomalous increases in atmospheric evaporative demand and solar radiation consistently reduced tree growth. Drier forests and fast‐growing species were more sensitive to water stress anomalies. In addition, species traits related to water use and photosynthesis partly explained differences in growth sensitivity to both climate means and anomalies. Our study demonstrates that both climate means and anomalies shape tree growth in tropical forests and that species traits can provide insights into understanding these demographic responses to climate change, offering a promising way forward to forecast tropical forest dynamics under different climate trajectories.
Pneumonia incidence and oral health management by dental hygienists in long‐term care facilities: A 1‐year prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Hama Kaoko , Iwasa Yasuyuki , Ohara Yuki , Iwasaki Masanori , Ito Kayoko , Nakajima Junko , Matsushita Takae , Tohara Takashi , Sakamoto Mayumi , Itoda Masataka , Inohara Ken , Ozaki Yoshie , Sasaki Rikimaru , Nishi Yasuhiro , Tsuneishi Midori , Furuya Junichi , Watanabe Yutaka , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Sato Yuji , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between oral health management (OHM) by dental hygienists and the occurrence of pneumonia, and determine the effectiveness of OHM in pneumonia prevention.BackgroundIn long‐term care facilities in Japan, the need for professional OHM is increasing with an increase in the number of severely debilitated residents.Materials and methodsA 1‐year prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted using data from 504 residents (63 men; mean age: 87.4 ± 7.8 years) in Japanese long‐term care facilities. Basic information, medical history, willingness to engage in oral hygiene behaviour, need for OHM and oral conditions were investigated at baseline. In addition, information on the occurrence of pneumonia was collected using a follow‐up survey after one year. A Poisson regression analysis with robust standard errors was conducted, with pneumonia as the dependent variable, and factors associated with OHM and pneumonia occurrence as explanatory variables.ResultsOverall, 349 (69.2%) residents required OHM by dental hygienists during that year of follow‐up. Of those, 238 (68.2%) were provided with OHM, and 18 (7.5%) developed pneumonia. Among the 111 patients (31.8%) who were not provided with OHM, 21 (18.9%) developed pneumonia. The OHM group had lower pneumonia rates than the non‐OHM group (prevalence rate ratio: 0.374; 95% CI: 0.210‐0.665).ConclusionOral health management by dental hygienists was associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia among residents of long‐term care facilities, underlining the importance of professional OHM for such individuals. It is recommended that OHM be practised routinely in long‐term care facilities.
Do land ownership types matter in manufacturing firms’ location choice? Using Beijing as a case study
Authors: Huang Daquan , Zhu Shihao , Liu Tao , Ma Pingping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn rapidly expanding Chinese cities, state‐owned land and collectively owned land are unequally treated in the permitted types of land use, use right transfer, and land management. This paper investigates the location choice of manufacturing firms as a response to this unique institutional arrangement. Firm‐level data were employed, and a zero‐inflated negative binomial regression model was developed to test whether land ownership affects the location choice of manufacturing firms. The study area of Beijing municipality was divided into refined grids for the choice of firms. The results confirmed the significant role of land ownership on the location of manufacturing firms. High‐tech companies have a strong preference for state‐owned land, while land ownership is insignificant for low‐tech companies in deciding the location. Meanwhile, development zones at different administrative levels are also found to be critical factors in affecting the location of manufacturing enterprises.
Effects of isomerisation and oxidation on the immunomodulatory activity of chlorogenic acid in RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Guo Chongting , Bi Jinfeng , Li Xuan , Lyu Jian , Liu Xuan , Liu Jianing , Xu Ye , Hu Jiaxing 
Published: November 2021

SummaryChlorogenic acid (CA) is one of the major polyphenols in fruit that contributes to most bioactivities. However, it is susceptible to isomerisation and oxidation in processing and thus displays varied bioactivity. This study aimed to evaluate the isomerisation and oxidation effects of CA on the potential immunomodulatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophages through the NF‐E2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling pathways. The results showed that isomerisation significantly affected the immunomodulation of CA by reducing Nrf2 and increasing NF‐κB nuclear translocation. The oxidation of CA weakened the effect of immune regulation in macrophages through impacts on the nucleic translocation of Nrf2 and NF‐κB, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD) activity and cytokine expression. Consequently, isomerisation and oxidation remarkably affect the immunomodulation of CA via the Nrf2 and NF‐κB pathways.
Plant‐based proteins as encapsulating materials for glucosyl‐hesperidin
Authors: Kopjar Mirela , Buljeta Ivana , Ćorković Ina , Kelemen Vanja , Šimunović Josip , Pichler Anita 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe application of plant‐based proteins as encapsulating materials of bioactive compounds is on the rise. The aim of this study was to encapsulate glucosyl‐hesperidin (GH) by several plant‐based protein powders such as pea protein, almond protein, brown rice protein and pumpkin protein powders. Amounts of adsorbed GH on pea, almond, brown rice and pumpkin protein powders were 409.07 mg g‐1, 287.41 mg g‐1, 242.87 mg g‐1 and 193.70 mg g‐1, respectively. Pea protein powder had the highest affinity for GH among the selected plant‐based protein powders, and it bonded 81.8% of GH from the initial solution. IR spectra were recorded in order to prove binding between GH and encapsulating material. As a result of GH binding onto proteins, all formulated protein microparticles differ in their IR spectra compared with the corresponding protein powders. Results of this study showed that pea proteins had the highest encapsulation efficiency of water‐soluble glucosyl‐hesperidin among used plant‐based proteins.
Oxymatrine promotes hypertrophic scar repair through reduced human scar fibroblast viability, collagen and induced apoptosis via autophagy inhibition
Authors: Deng Xingwang , Zhao Fang , Zhao Dan , Zhang Qing , Zhu Yongzhao , Chen Qian , Qiang Lijuan , Xie Nan , Ma Jiaxiang , Pan Xiaoliang , Wu Yinsheng , Guan Lifeng , Xie Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScars are common complications of burns and trauma, resulting in mental trauma, physical pain, and a heavy financial burden for patients. Specific and effective anti‐scarring drugs are lacking in clinical practice. Phytochemicals are easily accessible, low in toxicity, and have various biological and pharmacological properties. Oxymatrine is a phytochemical that regulates autophagy networks. Autophagy is closely related to the maintenance, activity, differentiation, and life‐death of skin fibroblasts during wound repair, which results in pathological scars. We hypothesised that oxymatrine may promote hypertrophic scar repair by inhibiting fibroblast autophagy. In vitro studies showed that inhibition of autophagy by oxymatrine decreased viability and collagen metabolism, and increased apoptosis of human scar fibroblasts (HSFs). In vivo studies showed that inhibition of autophagy by oxymatrine promoted scar repair, resulting in a significantly improved final outcome of the hypertrophic scars, a smaller scar area, decreased epidermal and dermal thickness, and a significant downregulation of CK10, P63, collagen I, α‐SMA, and TGF‐β1. In summary, oxymatrine promoted hypertrophic scar repair by decreasing HSF viability and collagen, and inducing apoptosis via autophagy inhibition. This study provides a new perspective on the mechanism of hypertrophic burn scar formation, as well as key scientific data for the application of the phytochemical oxymatrine as a new method for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars.
The Moral Significance of Adolescence
Authors: Betzler Monika 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThis article examines whether there is a morally relevant difference between adolescents and adults even if both are similarly autonomous. Understanding that difference accounts for the particular moral significance of adolescence and explains what we owe to adolescents as individual members of that age group. I first raise the plausibility of this morally relevant difference by highlighting the difficulties that any attempts would face which try to assimilate adolescents to either adults or children. I then consider two recent proposals that have been made in the literature in support of the moral significance of adolescence and show that none of them can adequately account for it. In light of this diagnosis, I advance the Relational View according to which it is necessary for the development of adolescents' autonomous capacities that they are supported in both their self‐governance and self‐authorisation in close relationships while they are adolescent. As a result, the morally relevant difference between adolescents and adults consists in the fact that close relationships and the support they provide are necessary for adolescents to become skilled autonomous agents but only causally relevant for adults. An implication of this view is that paternalism is justified only in rare cases, and that friendships and partnerships later in life are unable to make up for what has been missed during adolescence.
From Sovereignty to Guardianship in Ecoregions
Authors: Mancilla Alejandra 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTRecent scientific studies suggest that the destabilisation of the earth's climate and biodiversity loss are not separate, but interdependent phenomena. In this context, some have proposed the creation of a ‘Global Safety Net’ of ecoregions that should be preserved to stop further biodiversity loss, preventing at the same time the growth of CO2 emissions produced by deforestation and allowing natural carbon removal. In this article, I suggest that a first step to achieve this might be to replace permanent sovereignty over natural resources in these areas with permanent guardianship. I propose to take some inspiration from a model that has already been implemented over an entire continent with a fair degree of success. In 1959, the Antarctic Treaty froze the sovereign claims of seven countries over Antarctica. However, these countries plus 47 others today have been remarkably successful at jointly preserving the continent for peace, science, and the protection of the environment, especially since the signature of the Environmental Protocol in 1991. After outlining some principles that could give form to a Global Environmental Protocol for Ecoregions, I address a series of objections and offer some concluding remarks.
Knockdown of circular RNA VANGL1 inhibits TGF‐β‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in melanoma cells by sponging miR‐150‐5p
Authors: Zhou Hongfeng , Wu Jin , Leng Shaolong , Hou Chongchao , Mo Laiming , Xie Xue , Wang Ling , Xu Yunsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMelanoma is one of the most aggressive and life‐threatening skin cancers, and in this research, we aimed to explore the functional role of circular RNA VANGL1 (circVANGL1) in melanoma progression. The expression levels of circVANGL1 were observed to be significantly increased in clinical melanoma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, circVANGL1 knockdown suppressed, while circVANGL1 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of melanoma cells. Further investigations confirmed the direct binding relation between circVANGL1 and miR‐150‐5p in melanoma, and restoration of miR‐150‐5p blocked the effects of circVANGL1 overexpression in melanoma cells. We further found that circVANGL1 was up‐regulated by TGF‐β treatment, and the enhanced EMT of TGF‐β‐treated melanoma cells was blocked by circVANGL1 knockdown. In conclusion, these results indicated that circVANGL1 might serve as a promising therapeutic target for melanoma.
Establishment of a prognostic ferroptosis‐related gene profile in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Shao Ruonan , Wang Huizhong , Liu Wenjian , Wang Jingzi , Lu Shujing , Tang Hailin , Lu Yue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a difficult to predict prognosis. Ferroptosis, an iron‐induced programmed cell death, is a promising target for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, not much is known about the relationship between ferroptosis‐related genes and AML prognosis. Herein, we retrieved RNA profile and corresponding clinical data of AML patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Univariate Cox analysis was employed to identify ferroptosis‐related genes significantly associated with AML prognosis. Next, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was employed to establish a prognostic ferroptosis‐related gene profile. 12 ferroptosis‐related genes were screened to generate a prognostic model, which stratified patients into a low‐ (LR) or high‐risk (HR) group. Using Kaplan‐Meier analysis, we demonstrated that the LR patients exhibited better prognosis than HR patients. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed that the prognostic model showed good predictability. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg) differed vastly between the LR and HR groups. Our prognostic model can offer guidance into the accurate prediction of AML prognosis and selection of personalized therapy in clinical practice.
Cell division cycle associated 8: A novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Han , Peng Qiu‐Ju , Li Ren‐Zhi , Lyu Xia‐Jie , Zhu Chun‐Fu , Qin Xi‐Hu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8) is a crucial component of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC). It has been implicated in the regulation of cell dynamic localization during mitosis. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not clearly known. In this study, data of 374 patients with HCC were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Pan analysis of Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was performed to profile the mRNA expression of CDCA8 in HCC. Then, the Kaplan‐Meier plotter database was analysed to determine the prognostic value of CDCA8 in HCC. In addition, samples of tumour and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 88 HCC patients to perform immunohistochemistry (IHC), reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting. The results obtained from bioinformatic analyses were validated through CCK‐8 assay, EdU assay, colony formation assay, cell cycle assays and Western blotting experiments. Analysis of the Kaplan‐Meier plotter database showed that high expression of CDCA8 may lead to poor overall survival (OS, p = 4.06e‐05) in patients with HCC. For the 88 patients with HCC, we found that stages and grades appeared to be strongly linked with CDCA8 expression. Furthermore, the high expression of CDCA8 was found to be correlated with poor OS (p = 0.0054) and progression‐free survival (PFS, p = 0.0009). In vitro experiments revealed that inhibition of CDCA8 slowed cell proliferation and blocked the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. In vivo experiments demonstrated that inhibition of CDCA8 inhibited tumour growth. Finally, blockade of CDCA8 reduced the expression levels of cyclin A2, cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, Ki67 and PCNA. And, there is an interaction between CDCA8 and E2F1. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that CDCA8 may serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of HCC patients. In addition, CDCA8 could be an effective therapeutic target in HCC.