bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Heteroatom Doped Materials for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Jianli , Han Wei‐Qiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh theoretical capacity and high energy density make lithium sulfur (Li‐S) batteries a competitive candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, achieving the practical application of Li‐S batteries is still a huge challenge due to some inevitable obstacles. Poor conductivity of active sulfur, large volume expansion of cathode, and severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) greatly limit the capacity of cells and lead to unsatisfied cycle performance. Therefore, various sulfur host materials have been proposed and investigated, which should possess good conductivity, porous structure, and strong immobilization capability for LiPSs. Unfortunately, it is incompetent to cover all the advantages mentioned above for pristine materials. Heteroatom doping fundamentally manipulates the electronic structure and polarity of materials, leading to some unprecedented properties, and subsequent enhancement in electrochemical performance. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress of heteroatom (metal single atom and non‐metal atom) doping in various materials including carbon materials, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), and metal compounds as the ideal sulfur host. Furthermore, the relationship between the unique features of sulfur host materials originated from heteroatom doping and enhanced performance of cells is comprehensively discussed.
Hepcidin‐Based Nanocomposites for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy by Modulating Iron Export‐Mediated N6‐Methyladenosine RNA Transcript
Authors: Zhang Lingxiao , Song Yue , Cao Kunxia , Du Yangyang , Han Mingda , Shi Zhan , Yan Fei , Feng Shouhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies in acute myeloid leukemia, patient prognosis is still dismal given the high frequency of refractory cases or post‐remission relapse. Ferrotherapy, a novel anti‐cancer treatment strategy using iron‐based compounds, can mechanistically bypass the chemoresistance of cancer cells. However, cancer cells often overexpress the transmembrane iron exporter ferroportin that expels accumulated iron into the plasma, which can potentially limit the efficacy of ferrotherapy and lead to systemic toxic effects. Here, a ferro‐therapeutic nanoplatform is designed using fusing hepcidin and leukemia cell‐membrane vesicles on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)‐loaded hollow mesoporous Prussian Blue (AuPB@LMHep). AuPB@LMHep specifically targeted leukemia cells through ferroportin and is subsequently internalized and disintegrated into iron and AuNPs through autophagy. The accumulation of iron due to blockade of ferroportin‐mediated iron efflux and the depletion of glutathione by the AuNPs triggered ferroptosis. Furthermore, iron accumulation inactivated the endogenous iron‐dependent m6A demethylase, thereby increasing global m6A RNA modification and suppressing multiple oncogenes. Finally, AuPB@LMHep enhanced the immune response to anti‐programmed death ligand1 treatment via increasing cytotoxic tumor‐infiltrating T cells. Pre‐clinical findings provide the proof‐of‐concept of hepcidin‐based nanocomposite as an “epigenetic drug” and immunotherapeutic agent for treating leukemia.
Synergistic Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Tang Tang , Ding Liang , Yao Ze‐Cheng , Pan Hai‐Rui , Hu Jin‐Song , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs) and anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have received increasing attention for their natural compatibility with earth‐abundant materials and are regarded as the cutting‐edge of hydrogen energy techniques and the research focuses. However, the commercialization of these devices remains in the sluggish hydrogen electrode reactions due to the requirement of cooperative adsorption of both hydrogen species and hydroxyl species. The research on synergistic alkaline hydrogen oxidation/evolution reaction (HOR/HER) electrocatalysts is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the recent progress and strategies in constructing synergistic active sites for advancing alkaline HOR/HER electrocatalysts. The fundamentals of alkaline HOR/HER are first introduced with both theoretical and experimental verifications to rationalizing the necessity of constructing synergistic active sites. Then, this review systemically dissects the functionality of different active sites in recently reported innovative HOR/HER catalysts and introduces the synergistic effects. Finally, some perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the future design and synthesis of the synergistic HOR and HER electrocatalysts are proposed, intending to promote the application of hydrogen‐based energy conversion systems.
Design of p‐WSe2/n‐Ge Heterojunctions for High‐Speed Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Lee Chan Ho , Park Youngseo , Youn Sukhyeong , Yeom Min Jae , Kum Hyun S. , Chang Jiwon , Heo Junseok , Yoo Geonwook 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) 2D/3D heterostructures are extensively studied for high‐performance photodetector applications. Until now, the type of 2D materials has been the primary area of interest rather than the design of 3D semiconductors. In this study, high‐speed broadband photodiodes (PDs) based on vdW p‐WSe2/n‐Ge heterojunctions are reported, and the performance compared with different n‐Ge regions formed via the ion‐implantation process. The fabricated PD with a typical long n‐Ge region and low doping concentration responds to a broad spectral range from visible to infrared near 1550 nm with a response time of ≈3 µs and responsivity of 1.3 A W−1. The inferior responsivity of PDs with short n‐Ge regions can be improved as demonstrated by experimental results and process simulation. Density functional theory calculations are performed to estimate the variation of the energy band structures with the doping concentration of n‐Ge. Fast photoresponse and efficient carrier separation across the heterojunction can be expected regardless of the n‐Ge doping concentration. Based on the experimental results together with theoretical band structure and process simulation, it is shown that the heterojunction with an optimized n‐Ge design is a promising high‐speed broadband photodetector that can be implemented with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor design and fabrication processes.
Molecularly Tailored Interface for Long‐Term Xenogeneic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Madhurakkat Perikamana Sajeesh Kumar , Seale Nailah , Hoque Jiaul , Ryu Ji Hyun , Kumar Vardhman , Shih Yuru Vernon , Varghese Shyni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEncapsulation of therapeutic cells in a semipermeable device can mitigate the need for systemic immune suppression following cell transplantation by providing local immunoprotection while being permeable to nutrients, oxygen, and different cell‐secreted biomolecules. However, fibrotic tissue deposition around the device has been shown to compromise the long‐term function of the transplanted cells. Herein, a macroencapsulation device design that improves long‐term survival and function of the transplanted cells is reported. The device is comprised of a semipermeable chitosan pouch with a tunable reservoir and molecularly engineered interface. The chitosan pouch interface decorated with 1,12‐dodecanedioic acid (DDA), limits the cell adhesion and vigorous foreign body response while maintaining the barrier properties amenable to cell encapsulation. The device provides long‐term protection to the encapsulated human primary hepatocytes in the subcutaneous space of immunocompetent mice. The device supports the encapsulated cells for up to 6 months as evident from cell viability and presence of human specific albumin in circulation. Solutions that integrate biomaterials and interfacial engineering such as the one described here may advance development of easy‐to manufacture and retrievable devices for the transplantation of therapeutic cells in the absence of immunosuppression.
Machine Learning‐Driven Biomaterials Evolution
Authors: Suwardi Ady , Wang FuKe , Xue Kun , Han Ming‐Yong , Teo Peili , Wang Pei , Wang Shijie , Liu Ye , Ye Enyi , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiomaterials is an exciting and dynamic field, which uses a collection of diverse materials to achieve desired biological responses. While there is constant evolution and innovation in materials with time, biomaterials research has been hampered by the relatively long development period required. In recent years, driven by the need to accelerate materials development, the applications of machine learning in materials science has progressed in leaps and bounds. The combination of machine learning with high‐throughput theoretical predictions and high‐throughput experiments (HTE) has shifted the traditional Edisonian (trial and error) paradigm to a data‐driven paradigm. In this review, each type of biomaterial and their key properties and use cases are systematically discussed, followed by how machine learning can be applied in the development and design process. The discussions are classified according to various types of materials used including polymers, metals, ceramics, and nanomaterials, and implants using additive manufacturing. Last, the current gaps and potential of machine learning to further aid biomaterials discovery and application are also discussed.
Dual‐Single‐Atom Tailoring with Bifunctional Integration for High‐Performance CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Cheng Lei , Yue Xiaoyang , Wang Linxi , Zhang Dainan , Zhang Peng , Fan Jiajie , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom photocatalysis has been demonstrated as a novel strategy to promote heterogeneous reactions. There is a diversity of monoatomic metal species with specific functions; however, integrating representative merits into dual‐single‐atoms and regulating cooperative photocatalysis remain a pressing challenge. For dual‐single‐atom catalysts, enhanced photocatalytic activity would be realized through integrating bifunctional properties and tuning the synergistic effect. Herein, dual‐single‐atoms supported on conjugated porous carbon nitride polymer are developed for effective photocatalytic CO2 reduction, featuring the function of cobalt (Co) and ruthenium (Ru). A series of in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations are conducted for quantitative analysis of structure–performance correlation. It is concluded that the active Co sites facilitate dynamic charge transfer, while the Ru sites promote selective CO2 surface‐bound interaction during CO2 photoreduction. The combination of atom‐specific traits and the synergy between Co and Ru lead to the high photocatalytic CO2 conversion with corresponding apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 2.8% at 385 nm, along with a high turnover number (TON) of more than 200 without addition of any sacrificial agent. This work presents an example of identifying the roles of different single‐atom metals and regulating the synergy, where the two metals with unique properties collaborate to further boost the photocatalytic performance.
Photoinduced Halide Segregation in Ruddlesden–Popper 2D Mixed Halide Perovskite Films
Authors: Cho Junsang , Mathew Preethi S. , DuBose Jeffrey T. , Kamat Prashant V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract2D lead halide perovskites, which exhibit bandgap tunability and increased chemical stability, have been found to be useful for designing optoelectronic devices. Reducing dimensionality with decreasing number of layers (n = 10–1) also imparts resistance to light‐induced ion migration as seen from the halide ion segregation and dark recovery in mixed halide (Br:I = 50:50) perovskite films. The light‐induced halide ion segregation efficiency, as determined from difference absorbance spectra, decreases from 20% to <1% as the dimensionality is decreased for 2D perovskite film from n = 10 to 1. The segregation rate constant (ksegregation), which decreases from 5.9 × 10−3 s−1 (n = 10) to 3.6 × 10−4 s−1 (n = 1), correlates well with nearly an order of magnitude decrease observed in charge‐carrier lifetime (τaverage = 233 ps for n = 10 vs τavg = 27 ps for n = 1). The tightly bound excitons in 2D perovskites make charge separation less probable, which in turn decreases the halide mobility and resulting phase segregation. The importance of controlling the dimensionality of the 2D architecture in suppressing halide ion mobility is discussed.
Intrinsic Linear Dichroism of Organic Single Crystals toward High‐Performance Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Zhao Kai , Wang Pan , Shen Wanfu , Gao Haikuo , Qin Zhengsheng , Wang Yongshuai , Li Chunlei , Deng Huixiong , Hu Chunguang , Jiang Lang , Dong Huanli , Wei Zhongming , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability to detect light in photodetectors is central to practical optoelectronic applications, which has been demonstrated in inorganic semiconductor devices. However, so far, the study of polarization‐sensitive organic photodetectors, which have unique applications in flexible and wearable electronics, has not received much attention. Herein, the construction of polarization‐sensitive photodetectors based on the single crystals of a superior optoelectronic organic semiconductor, 2,6‐diphenyl anthracene (DPA), is demonstrated. The systematic characterization of two‐dimensionally grown DPA crystals with various techniques definitely show their strong anisotropy in molecular vibration, optical reflectance and optical absorption. In terms of polarization sensitivity, DPA‐crystal based photodetectors exhibit a linear dichroic ratio up to ≈1.9. Theoretical calculations confirm that intrinsic linear dichroism, originated from the anisotropic in‐plane crystal structure, is responsible for the polarization sensitivity of DPA crystals. This work opens up a new door for exploiting organic semiconductors for developing highly compact polarization photodetectors and providing new functionalities in novel flexible optical and optoelectronic applications.
Developing the Nondevelopable: Creating Curved‐Surface Electronics from Nonstretchable Devices
Authors: Rich Steven I. , Lee Shinyoung , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe incorporation of electronics onto curved surfaces promises to bring new levels of intelligence to the ergonomic, aesthetic, aerodynamic, and optical surfaces that are ever‐present in our lives. However, since many of these surfaces have 2D (i.e., nondevelopable) curvature, they cannot be formed from the deformation of a flat, nonstretchable sheet. This means that curved electronics cannot capitalize on the rapid technological advances taking place in the field of ultrathin electronics, since ultrathin devices, though ultraflexible, are not stretchable. In this work, a shrink‐based paradigm is presented to apply such thin‐film electronics to nondevelopable surfaces, expanding the capabilities of current nondevelopable electronics, and linking future developments in thin‐film technology to similar developments in curved devices. The wrinkling of parylene‐based devices and the effects of shrinkage on common electrical components are examined, culminating in shrinkable touch sensors and organic photovoltaics, laminated to various nondevelopable surfaces without loss of performance.
The Importance of Surface Adsorbates in Solution‐Processed Thermoelectric Materials: The Case of SnSe
Authors: Liu Yu , Calcabrini Mariano , Yu Yuan , Genç Aziz , Chang Cheng , Costanzo Tommaso , Kleinhanns Tobias , Lee Seungho , Llorca Jordi , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Ibáñez Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolution synthesis of particles emerges as an alternative to prepare thermoelectric materials with less demanding processing conditions than conventional solid‐state synthetic methods. However, solution synthesis generally involves the presence of additional molecules or ions belonging to the precursors or added to enable solubility and/or regulate nucleation and growth. These molecules or ions can end up in the particles as surface adsorbates and interfere in the material properties. This work demonstrates that ionic adsorbates, in particular Na+ ions, are electrostatically adsorbed in SnSe particles synthesized in water and play a crucial role not only in directing the material nano/microstructure but also in determining the transport properties of the consolidated material. In dense pellets prepared by sintering SnSe particles, Na remains within the crystal lattice as dopant, in dislocations, precipitates, and forming grain boundary complexions. These results highlight the importance of considering all the possible unintentional impurities to establish proper structure–property relationships and control material properties in solution‐processed thermoelectric materials.
Topotactic Electrochromism for Efficient Coloration Applications
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thi Dieu , Zhang Dawei , Nguyen Triet Minh , Zhang Haoze , Seidel Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTopotactic transitions, that is, reversible crystal structure changes due to controllable stoichiometry of material, offer substantial potential to control a wide variety of functionality in transition metal oxides, especially in systems with high ionic mobility and correlated electrons. Here the authors report on topotactic electrochromism with prominent coloration efficiency in SrCo0.66Fe0.34O3−δ associated with changes of electrical conductivity and electronic structure of the material. Changes in electron correlation lead to significant coloration and light absorption, which provides a general approach for utilizing topotactic transitions in electrochromic applications.
Metasurface‐Enhanced Photon Upconversion upon 1550 nm Excitation
Authors: Ahiboz Doğuşcan , Andresen Elina , Manley Phillip , Resch‐Genger Ute , Würth Christian , Becker Christiane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhoton upconversion upon 1550 nm excitation is of high relevance for applications in the third biological excitation window, for photovoltaics beyond current limitations, and enables appealing options in the field of glass fiber telecommunications. Trivalent doped erbium ions (Er3+) are the material of choice for 1550 nm excited upconversion, however, they suffer from a low absorption cross‐section and a low brightness. Therefore, the ability of silicon metasurfaces to provide greatly enhanced electrical near‐fields is employed to enable efficient photon upconversion even at low external illumination conditions. Hexagonally shaped β‐NaYF4:Er3+ nanoparticles are placed on large‐area silicon metasurfaces designed to convert near‐infrared (1550 nm) to visible light. More than 2400‐fold enhanced photon upconversion luminescence is achieved by using this metasurface instead of a planar substrate. With the aid of optical simulations based on the finite‐element method, this result is attributed to the coupling of the excitation source with metasurface resonances at appropriate incident angles. Analysis of the excitation power density dependence of upconversion luminescence and red‐to‐green‐emission ratios enables the estimation of nanoscale near‐field enhancement on the metasurface. The findings permit the significant reduction of required external excitation intensities for photon upconversion of 1550 nm light, opening perspectives in biophotonics, telecommunication, and photovoltaics.
Nonlinear Optical Properties and Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of 2D Indium Selenide Nanosheets
Authors: Chen Chenduan , Dong Ningning , Huang Jiawei , Chen Xin , Wang Hongqiang , Wang Zixin , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work reports the nonlinear optical properties and ultrafast carrier dynamics of indium selenide (InSe) nanosheets obtained via liquid‐phase exfoliation under pulsed excitation with different durations. InSe nanosheets exhibit a better saturable absorption response under 6 ns pulse excitation than that under 380 fs excitation. In addition, the scattering phenomena of InSe dispersions with different mechanisms under various pulse durations are discovered, which are caused by the thermal effect under ns pulse excitation and dynamic spatial self‐phase modulation affected by laser streaming under fs pulse excitation. The pump‐probe measurements reveal that the InSe dispersion has ultrafast saturable absorption and photoinduced absorption processes, which may be caused by free carrier absorption or bandgap renormalization.
Wide‐Gamut Blended Conjugated Polymer Microspheres
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Mehreen Tanisha , Liu Xiaoyuan , Kumar Vishal , Vagin Sergey , Gardner Kirsty , Wang Hui , Sun Xuejun , Wu Shaoyi , Rieger Bernhard , Meldrum Alkiviathes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConjugated polymers (CPs) can potentially provide an alternative to conventional fluorescent microsphere technologies; however, examples of CP microspheres encompassing an extensive range of sizes are few, and wide‐ranging spectral control, as needed for many applications, has never been demonstrated. Blended CP microspheres consisting of individual polymers are synthesized here. They are blended to have widely separated Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) color coordinates and a compatible synthesis while at the same time forming well‐defined domain structures. By developing appropriate mixtures of selected blue, green, and red fluorescent CPs, blended CP microspheres are demonstrated to cover an extensive range of color coordinates including white. It is shown that multi‐CP microspheres with core–shell or related structures can provide optimum characteristics, while energy and/or charge transfer in finer mixtures result in microspheres without the desired emission properties. Pre‐ or postprocessing further directs consistent changes in the CP microspheres that ultimately regulate the overall spectral response. This approach can lead to a new class of bright fluorescent microparticles with applications in a wide range of disciplines that demand maximum brightness and highly specific emission spectra.
Recyclable, Immobilized Transition‐Metal Photocatalysts
Authors: Abramov Alex , Bonardd Sebastián , Pérez‐Ruiz Raúl , Díaz Díaz David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of transition‐metal complexes as photocatalysts have allowed the performance of diverse organic transformations in an outstanding manner, characterized not only by high yields, TOF, and selectivity values, but also by modulating and providing access to novel molecular structures that, without them, would be difficult if not impossible. However, one of the biggest concerns regarding the use of these photocatalysts relies on the difficulties associated with their isolation from reaction media and reutilization once the chemical process ends. The above, besides contaminating reaction products and requiring out tedious purification processes, prompts the inevitable loss of the catalyst, directly affecting its recyclability. In addition, this situation results in negative outcomes from an economic and environmental perspective, since transition‐metal complexes are usually expensive materials, and their unsuccessful recovery could result in leakage into the environment. These drawbacks served as inspiration for the elaboration of the present review focused on the development of novel strategies developed during the last decade for the successful recovery of these species. The strategies summarized herein, whether for homogeneous or heterogeneous systems, are based on the use of thermotropic solvents, changes in the hydrophilic balance of the catalyst, the employment of polymers, copolymers, porous macromolecular structures, and inorganic nanostructures as support of these entities. Moreover, the use of organized and confining media, such as micelles and gels in this context, is also discussed. We hope that this review will motivate the search for new strategies to develop novel catalytic systems, understanding that high performance is based not only on yields but also on recyclability, sustainability, and responsibility to the environment.magnified image