bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Medical Image Decision‐Making by Leveraging Metacognitive Processes and Representational Similarity
Authors: Hasan Eeshan , Eichbaum Quentin , Seegmiller Adam C. , Stratton Charles , Trueblood Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImproving the accuracy of medical image interpretation can improve the diagnosis of numerous diseases. We compared different approaches to aggregating repeated decisions about medical images to improve the accuracy of a single decision maker. We tested our algorithms on data from both novices (undergraduates) and experts (medical professionals). Participants viewed images of white blood cells and made decisions about whether the cells were cancerous or not. Each image was shown twice to the participants and their corresponding confidence judgments were collected. The maximum confidence slating (MCS) algorithm leverages metacognitive abilities to consider the more confident response in the pair of responses as the more accurate “final response” (Koriat, 2012), and it has previously been shown to improve accuracy on our task for both novices and experts (Hasan et al., 2021). We compared MCS to similarity‐based aggregation (SBA) algorithms where the responses made by the same participant on similar images are pooled together to generate the “final response.” We determined similarity by using two different neural networks where one of the networks had been trained on white blood cells and the other had not. We show that SBA improves performance for novices even when the neural network had no specific training on white blood cell images. Using an informative representation (i.e., network trained on white blood cells) allowed one to aggregate over more neighbors and further boosted the performance of novices. However, SBA failed to improve the performance for experts even with the informative representation. This difference in efficacy of the SBA suggests different decision mechanisms for novices and experts.
End of a mystery: Integrative approach reveals the phylogenetic position of an enigmatic Antarctic tardigrade genus Ramajendas (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada)
Authors: Tumanov Denis V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhylogenetic position of the enigmatic Antarctic tardigrade genus Ramajendas was clarified using specimens from King George Island, Antarctic. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed a close affinity of Ramajendas to the superfamily Isohypsibioidea. At the same time, its standalone position within this clade prompted the erection of a new family Ramajendidae fam. nov. A detailed morphological description of the available specimens is given, and the diagnosis of the genus Ramajendas is amended. Taxonomical status of several previous findings of Ramajendas spp. in West Antarctica is discussed.
Effect of Centrifugal Force on Gas Flow in a Supersonic Turbine
Authors: Kanda Takeshi , Nakai Akio , Inagaki Tatsuya , Asano Tatsuro , Ohkuma Yasutaka , Hamatsu Masayuki , Nakamura Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To clarify the loss mechanism in supersonic turbines, the authors experimentally and numerically studied the flow condition between the rotor blades of a supersonic turbine for liquid rocket engines. The entrance Mach number was 1.94, and the turning angle of the blades was 120 deg. Shock waves were created at the leading edge of the blade. The Mach number and total pressure decreased in the passage between the blades, where the flow condition was restricted by the centrifugal force. Such degradation, which has also been reported in past studies, is an inherent feature of high-speed, large-turning-angle blades. Here, it was found that a convergent–divergent configuration of the passage between the blades suppressed the performance degradation of the supersonic turbine.
Recent Advances in Wake Dynamics and Active Drag Reduction of Simple Automotive Bodies
Authors: Yu Zhou , Bingfu Zhang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis is a compendium of recent progresses in the development of wake dynamics and active drag reduction (DR) of three-dimensional (3D) simple automotive models, largely focused on the generic Ahmed body. It covers our new understanding of involved instabilities, predominant frequencies, pressure distribution, and unsteady flow structures in the high- (12.5 deg &lt; φ &lt; 30 deg) and low-drag (φ &gt; 30 deg) bodies and the square-back body (φ = 0 deg), where φ is the rear slant angle of the body. Various DR methods and their performances are reviewed, including open- and closed-loop controls along with machine-learning control (MLC). The involving DR mechanisms, net saving, and efficiencies are discussed. Comments are made for the areas that deserve more attention and future investigation.
Optimizing Backrest Geometry to Minimize Interfacial Pressure Concentrations in the Mid-to-Lumbar Region During Leg Press Resistance Training
Authors: Castonguay-Siu Vincent , Taylor William R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The leg press is a resistance training (RT) exercise common to both weight- and powerlifting, where spine-related injuries remain prevalent. Here, the elevated loading has the potential to result in increased pressure on vertebral bodies and introduce the risk of spinal injury. This study, therefore, investigates back interfacial pressure under leg press loading conditions and offers design recommendations to minimize spatial pressure concentrations. A pressure mat was used to assess the back-backrest interfacial pressure distribution of 15 subjects executing RT leg-presses at 50% body weight, over 16 different back-support geometries. Real-time forces, knee angles, and pressures were captured. The resulting data show that more prominent (≥2.1 cm) back-supports, positioned 19 cm above the seat pan typically produced greater peak pressures (41.8 ± 7.2 kPa). Conversely, less prominent supports (∼0.7 cm) generally achieved lower peak pressures (with greater distribution). Our data suggest that the most prudent choice for fixed-shape backrests to best distribute interfacial pressure on leg-press devices is to incorporate shallow convex supports (∼0.7 cm) and locate them away from P = 19 cm. The result is surprising as this prominence location is a common ergonomic feature. If an adjustable backrest is considered, peak pressures may be reduced by up to 26 ± 8% (9.7 ± 3.1 kPa) compared to flat geometries.
Co-Optimization of Velocity and Charge-Depletion for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Accounting for Acceleration and Jerk Constraints
Authors: Chen Di , Huang Mike , Stefanopoulou Anna G. , Kim Youngki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in vehicle connectivity and automation technologies promote advanced control algorithms that co-optimize the longitudinal dynamics and powertrain operation of hybrid electric vehicles. Typically, a sequential optimization with the vehicle dynamics optimized followed by powertrain optimization is adopted to manage a number of complexities such as the inherent mixed-integer nature of the hybrid powertrain, the numerous state and control variables, the differing time scales of vehicle and powertrain subsystems, time-varying state constraints, and large horizon lengths. Instead, we solve the offline optimization problem in a centralize manner assuming exact knowledge of the lead vehicle's position over the entire trip by applying a discrete-time single shooting-based numerical approach, Discrete Mixed-Integer Shooting (DMIS), including a linearly increasing computational complexity to the problem horizon. In particular, the hierarchical problem structure is exploited to decompose the computationally intensive Hamiltonian minimization step into a set of low-dimensional optimizations. DMIS allows us to compute the direct fuel minimization problem including the vehicle and powertrain dynamics in a centralized manner to its full horizon while systematically tuning weighting factors that penalize passenger discomfort. For the first time, this study reveals that practically implemented sequential optimization exhibits similar fuel optimality as co-optimization when a certain level of passenger comfort is required.
Passivity-Based Output Feedback Control for Systems With Nonlinear Outputs Via High-Gain Observers
Authors: Lei Jing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a high-gain observer with nonlinear output is designed. The scaled estimation error system is constructed with a passive function based on the nonlinear output function and a strictly positive real transfer function of boundary-layer system. The ultimate boundedness and exponential stability of the estimation error for the global and regional two cases are demonstrated, as long as high-gain observer's decay rate is fast enough. The extended results under passivity of the output function and strictly positive realness of the transfer function are presented. The performance recovery property of the output feedback using high-gain observer with nonlinear output is validated. Some examples are applied in the simulation to illustrate the proposed results in this paper.
Confined Cell Migration and Asymmetric Hydraulic Environments to Evaluate the Metastatic Potential of Cancer Cells
Authors: Juste-Lanas Yago , Guerrero Pedro Enrique , Camacho-Gómez Daniel , Hervás-Raluy Silvia , García-Aznar Jose M. , Gomez-Benito María J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Metastasis, a hallmark of cancer development, is also the leading reason for most cancer-related deaths. Furthermore, cancer cells are highly adaptable to micro-environments and can migrate along pre-existing channel-like tracks of anatomical structures. However, more representative three-dimensional models are required to reproduce the heterogeneity of metastatic cell migration in vivo to further understand the metastasis mechanism and develop novel therapeutic strategies against it. Here, we designed and fabricated different microfluidic-based devices that recreate confined migration and diverse environments with asymmetric hydraulic resistances. Our results show different migratory potential between metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer cells in confined environments. Moreover, although nonmetastatic cells have not been tested against barotaxis due to their low migration capacity, metastatic cells present an enhanced preference to migrate through the lowest resistance path, being sensitive to barotaxis. This device, approaching the study of metastasis capability based on confined cell migration and barotactic cell decisions, may pave the way for the implementation of such technology to determine and screen the metastatic potential of certain cancer cells.
The Motion Formalism for Flexible Multibody Systems
Authors: Bauchau Olivier A. , Sonneville Valentin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a finite element approach to the analysis of flexible multibody systems. It is based on the motion formalism that (1) uses configuration and motion to describe the kinematics of flexible multibody systems, (2) recognizes that these are members of the special Euclidean group thereby coupling their displacement and rotation components, and (3) resolves all tensors components in local frames. The goal of this review paper is not to provide an in-depth derivation of all the elements found in typical multibody codes but rather to demonstrate how the motion formalism (1) provides a theoretical framework that unifies the formulation of all structural elements, (2) leads to governing equations of motion that are objective, intrinsic, and present a reduced order of nonlinearity, (3) improves the efficiency of the solution process, and (4) prevents the occurrence of singularities.
Effect of Turbulence on Forced Ignition of Jet-A/Air Mixtures
Authors: Teope Kaz I. , Blunck David L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConsistent ignition of reactive mixtures in turbulent conditions continues to be a challenge, particularly for large, multicomponent fuels. Prior work has shown that turbulence can affect ignition parameters such as flame speed, mixture temperature, and minimum ignition energy (MIE). However, these works have primarily considered small, single-component fuels. This work studies the effect of turbulence on forced ignition of jet-A/air mixtures with φ between 0.3 and 0.7. The ignition probability of these mixtures was measured for bulk velocities between 5 and 7 m/s and turbulence intensities between 3% and 9%. A FLIR SC6700 infrared camera was used to measure the radiation intensity emitted by the flame kernels. Increases in turbulence intensity between 3% and 4% cause the probability of ignition to generally increase. This increase is attributed to the negative flame stretch that develops as a result of the turbulence. This observation is significant because it shows that turbulence can facilitate ignition for jet-A/air mixtures. In contrast, increasing turbulence beyond 5% causes ignition probabilities to decrease. This reduction occurs due to the increased role of heat diffusion and the associated reduction in kernel temperature. The sensitivities of ignition behavior to turbulence intensity and fuel chemistry are reasonably captured using the Peclet number. Further agreement in ignition behavior is achieved by considering Pe/TI2. Ignition probability data for two additional fuels were compared using Pe/TI2. Reasonable agreement within a 95% confidence interval was observed for CH4 mixtures but not for C3H8 mixtures.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of High-Temperature Multi-Axial Fatigue
Authors: Ramesh Babu Harish , Böcker Marco , Raddatz Mario , Henkel Sebastian , Biermann Horst , Gampe Uwe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gas turbines and aircraft engines are dominated by cyclic operating modes with fatigue-related loads. This may result in the acceleration of damage development on the components. Critical components of turbine blades and disks are exposed to cyclic thermal and mechanical multi-axial fatigue. In this work, planar-biaxial low-cycle-fatigue (LCF) tests are conducted using cruciform specimens at different test temperatures. The influence on the deformation and lifetime behavior of the nickel-base disk alloy Inconel 718 is investigated at selected cyclic proportional loading cases, namely, shear and equi-biaxial. The calculation of the stress and strain distribution of the cruciform specimens from the experimental data is difficult to obtain due to complex geometry and temperature gradients. Therefore, there is a need for finite element (FE) Simulations. A viscoplastic material model is considered to simulate the material behavior subjected to uniaxial and the selected planar-biaxial loading conditions. At first, uniaxial simulation results are compared with the uniaxial experiment results for both batches of IN718. Then, the same material parameters are used for simulating the biaxial loading cases. The prediction of FE simulation results is in good agreement with the experimental LCF test for both shear and equi-biaxial loadings. The equivalent stress amplitude results of the biaxial simulation are compared with the uniaxial results. Furthermore, the lifetime is calculated based on the stabilized cycle from the simulation and by using Crossland and Sines multi-axial stress-based approaches. The Crossland model predicts fatigue life significantly better than the Sines model. Finally, the simulated lifetime results are compared with the experimental lifetime.
Hyperbolically symmetric sources in Palatini f(R) gravity
Authors: Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Tariq Z. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA thorough examination of static hyperbolically symmetric matter configuration in the context of Palatini f(R) gravitational theory has been carried out in this manuscript. Following the work of Herrera et al. (Phys. Rev. D 103: 024037, 2021) we worked out the modified gravitational equations and matching conditions using the Palatini technique of variation in Einstein–Hilbert action. It is found from the evaluations that the energy density along with the contribution of dark source terms is inevitably negative which is quite useful in explaining several quantum field effects, because negative energies are closely linked with the quantum field theory. Such negative energies may also assist in time-travel to the past and formation of artificial wormholes. Furthermore, we evaluated the algebraic expressions for the mass of interior hyperbolical geometry and total energy budget, i.e., the Tolman mass of the considered source. Also, the structure scalars are evaluated to analyze the properties of matter configuration. Few analytical techniques are also presented by considering several cases to exhibit the exact analytical static solutions of the modified gravitational equations.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery® in Octogenarians Undergoing Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
Authors: Robinson Jordan N. , Davis Joshua M. K. , Pickens Ryan C. , Cochran Allyson R. , King Lacey , Salibi Patrick , Iannitti David A. , Martinie John B. , Baker Erin H. , Ocuin Lee M. , Vrochides Dionisios 
Published: December 2021

Advances in perioperative care have increased the frequency of surgical intervention performed on the very elderly (≥80 years). This study aims to investigate the impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) on outcomes for octogenarians after major hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. Patients ≥80 years old in a single HPB ERAS program (September 2015-July 2018) were prospectively tracked in the ERAS Interactive Audit System (EIAS). Postoperative length of stay (LOS) as well as 30-day major complications, readmissions, and mortality were compared to a pre-ERAS octogenarian control. Since ERAS implementation, octogenarians comprised 7.3% (27 of 370) of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (n=17), distal pancreatectomy (n=7), or hepatectomy (n=3). Thirty-day readmissions decreased after ERAS implementation (50% to 15%, P=.037). Thirty-day major complications, mortality, and LOS were similar with 64% median protocol compliance. ERAS for octogenarians in HPB surgery is safe and may contribute to more sustainable recovery resulting in reduced readmissions.
Associations of At-Risk Drinking, Current Smoking, and Their Co-Occurrence With Primary Care Service Utilization
Authors: Moore John R. , Castro Yessenia , Cubbin Catherine , von Sternberg Kirk 
Published: December 2021

Purpose Smoking and at-risk drinking are each associated with lower primary care utilization, but the influence of their co-occurrence is not known. The current study compared associations of endorsement of one behavior vs endorsement of both with primary care utilization. Design Cross-sectional telephone survey. Setting All United States and Territories. Subjects 246 801 adults aged 18–64. Measures The outcome was endorsement of attending a past-year primary care visit. Predictor variables included drinking and smoking status examined individually and combined. Analysis Multivariable logistic regressions, adjusted for socio-demographics and number of chronic health conditions. Results The odds of attending a past-year primary care visit were 24% lower for persons who drank at risk levels compared to the odds of persons who did not drink and 36% lower for persons who smoked vs those who did not smoke. Among persons who endorsed at least one risk behavior, the odds of attending a past-year primary care visit were 25–35% lower for those who engaged in multiple behaviors compared to the odds of persons who engaged in one behavior. Conclusion Substance use screening and intervention services in primary care may not be reaching individuals with the greatest need for services. Proactive outreach and identification of primary care utilization barriers are needed, with special consideration of those with co-occurring substance use.
Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in the First Year of Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Al Maqbali Mohammed , Al badi Khalid , Al Sinani Mohammed , Madkhali Norah , Dickens Geoffrey L. 
Published: December 2021

Background The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) carries a high risk of infection and has spread rapidly around the world. However, there are limited data about the clinical symptoms globally. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify the prevalence of the clinical symptoms of patient with COVID-19. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, medRxiv, and Google Scholar, from December 1st, 2019 to January 1st, 2021. Prevalence rates were pooled with meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I-squared (I2) statistics. Results A total of 215 studies, involving 132,647 COVID-19 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of the four most common symptoms were fever 76.2% ( n = 214; 95% CI 73.9–78.5); coughing 60.4% ( n = 215; 95% CI 58.6–62.1); fatigue 33.6% ( n = 175; 95% CI 31.2–36.1); and dyspnea 26.2% ( n = 195; 95% CI 24.1–28.5). Other symptoms from highest to lowest in terms of prevalence include expectorant (22.2%), anorexia (21.6%), myalgias (17.5%), chills (15%), sore throat (14.1%), headache (11.7%), nausea or vomiting (8.7%), rhinorrhea (8.2%), and hemoptysis (3.3%). In subgroup analyses by continent, it was found that four symptoms have a slight prevalence variation—fever, coughing, fatigue, and diarrhea. Conclusion This meta-analysis found the most prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever, coughing, fatigue, and dyspnea. This knowledge might be beneficial for the effective treatment and control of the COVID-19 outbreak. Additional studies are required to distinguish between symptoms during and after, in patients with COVID-19.
PD-1 Blockade With Concurrent Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Inoperable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Joseph Kurian , Walker John , Raziee Hamid , Faruqi Salman , Smylie Michael 
Published: December 2021

Introduction For patients with locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (LA-cSCC), radiotherapy alone (RT) is often the only treatment option with modest tumor response. We report the outcomes of using combination of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor and RT in the treatment of inoperable LA-cSCC. The study presents the efficacy and safety data for the patients with LA-cSCC treated with this combination. Methods During the period 2018-2020, a total of 7 patients with biopsy proven inoperable LA-cSCC were treated with combination of PD-1 inhibitor cemiplimab and concurrent RT (Cem-RT). The patients were followed up for safety and efficacy of the Cem-RT regimen and the primary endpoints were objective tumor response and toxicity. Results The median age of patients was 68 years (range, 64-94). All patients had ECOG performance score 0-1. Six patients initially received cemiplimab and concurrent RT was added to PD-1 inhibitor when there was an inadequate therapeutic response. One patient received concurrent Cem-RT. RT with PD-1 antibody was well tolerated. Six patients developed grade ≤2 dermatitis and 1 patient (patient no. 3) developed acute grade 3 skin reaction. During the post-RT follow up, 3 patients discontinued cemiplimab due to significant toxicities. At the time of reporting , 5 patients remain in complete remission. One patient developed lung metastasis and is currently receiving best supportive care. Conclusions The Cem-RT combination was safe and well tolerated with significant tumor response suggesting Cem-RT may be a viable therapeutic option for LA-cSCC. Our hypothesis generating data support the rationale for future prospective studies.