bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparisons between Ethnicity and Poverty Level on Eight Graders’Science Performance
Authors: Lin Hsin-Hui 
Published: September 2021

The purposed of this study was to examine the relationships between ethnicity and poverty level with eight graders’ science performance. This study utilized the 8th grade data file (2006 - 2007) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K) and had the sample size of 7,305 students. A full 2-way ANOVA model was applied to test the ethnicity and poverty level effects on the students’ science performance. Results indicated that ethnicity and poverty had significant effects on students’ science performance. White students have the highest mean score, followed by Asian, but African American students have the lowest mean scores. The gap on the mean scores between the highest and the lowest group was 20 points. White and Asian students do better on science performance, while Hispanic and African American students have lower scores. The impact among the interactions of ethnicity and poverty persisted within the breakdown of 10 subgroups’ outcomes. The subgroup of Asian “at/above poverty” had the highest mean scores, while the subgroup African American “below poverty” had the lowest scores. Future studies should continue to investigate African American students in conjunction with science performance.
Suicide risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: A narrative review
Authors: Barros Solange , De Carvalho Jozélio Freire 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Despite the medical and scientific advances, the disease’s restrictions and the perception of personal and social losses related to its course reinforce fear and generate intense suffering in lupus patients. Psychiatric comorbidities, especially major depressive episodes, are highly prevalent during systemic lupus erythematosus. Among them, suicide is a behavior that is much more common than we believe.Objective: To perform a narrative review on suicidal behavior associated with systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE).Results: Studies have shown an increased risk of suicide among patients with chronic diseases and psychiatric disorders, especially depression. However, suicide cannot be attributed only to a higher prevalence of depression and other mental illnesses. Therefore, it is necessary to learn more about the suicide risk factors present in patients with lupus to work on secondary prevention and avoid the premature loss of lives and the additional suffering of families and surrounding communities. The coordination between the studies on suicidal behavior and its intricate network of individual and sociocultural factors and the studies on this multisystem autoimmune disease with a broad manifestation spectrum, lupus, creates new and essential field research.Conclusions: Non-psychiatrist office-based physicians, health clinics, or wards dedicated to the treatment of SLE should recognize and handle the suicide risk factors on their patients to reduce the suffering caused by this disease.
Self‐Driven Droplet Vehicle for Material Patterning
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Huizeng , Li An , Liu Zhaoxin , Zhang Zeying , Li Kaixuan , Qiao Yali , Song Yanlin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnisotropic dewetting is an important physical phenomenon, which manipulates the process of liquid transport and material deposition. However, the anisotropic dewetting process is usually dependent on artificial templates and designed substrates. Herein, a unique anisotropic dewetting system of the self‐driven droplet vehicle is revealed, driven by the Marangoni effect among inter‐droplets, to fabricate patterned materials. The droplet vehicle is made up of two miscible droplets but with different surface tension through the spontaneous assembly process induced by vapors. The motion of the droplet vehicle is controlled by the surface tension coefficient, and it can fabricate parallel lines of materials at the same time. Combining the droplet vehicle with superhydrophilic‐hydrophobic patterned substrates, the millimeter‐scale droplet can produce various micrometer‐scale lines of materials in tens of seconds. The understanding and founding of the self‐driven droplet vehicle may develop a new strategy for liquid transport and functional materials patterning.
The costs of developing treatments for Alzheimer's disease: A retrospective exploration
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey L. , Goldman Dana P. , Simmons‐Stern Nicholas R. , Ponton Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionWith the exception of the recent accelerated approval of aducanumab, in over 26 years of research and development (R&D) investment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), only five novel drugs—all for symptomatic treatment only—have reached FDA approval. Here, we estimate the costs of AD drug development during this period in the private sector.MethodsTo estimate private R&D funding, we collected information on AD clinical trials (n = 1099; phases 1–4) conducted between January 1, 1995 and June 21, 2021 from various databases. Costs were derived using previously published methodologies and adjusted for inflation.ResultsSince 1995, cumulative private expenditures on clinical stage AD R&D were estimated at $42.5 billion, with the greatest costs (57%; $24,065 million) incurred during phase 3; approximately 184,000 participants were registered or are currently enrolled in clinical trials.DiscussionMeasures to reduce expenditures while moving toward disease‐modifying therapies that alleviate the rising burden of AD require continued investment from industry, government, and academia.
Current directions in tau research: Highlights from Tau 2020
Authors: Sexton Claire , Snyder Heather , Beher Dirk , Boxer Adam L. , Brannelly Pat , Brion Jean‐Pierre , Buée Luc , Cacace Angela M. , Chételat Gaël , Citron Martin , DeVos Sarah L. , Diaz Kristophe , Feldman Howard H. , Frost Bess , Goate Alison M. , Gold Michael , Hyman Bradley , Johnson Keith , Karch Celeste M. , Kerwin Diana R. , Koroshetz Walter J. , Litvan Irene , Morris Huw R. , Mummery Catherine J. , Mutamba James , Patterson Marc C. , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Rommel Amy , Shulman Melanie B. , Toledo‐Sherman Leticia M. , Weninger Stacie , Wildsmith Kristin R. , Worley Susan L. , Carrillo Maria C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudies supporting a strong association between tau deposition and neuronal loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline have heightened the allure of tau and tau‐related mechanisms as therapeutic targets. In February 2020, leading tau experts from around the world convened for the first‐ever Tau2020 Global Conference in Washington, DC, co‐organized and cosponsored by the Rainwater Charitable Foundation, the Alzheimer's Association, and CurePSP. Representing academia, industry, government, and the philanthropic sector, presenters and attendees discussed recent advances and current directions in tau research. The meeting provided a unique opportunity to move tau research forward by fostering global partnerships among academia, industry, and other stakeholders and by providing support for new drug discovery programs, groundbreaking research, and emerging tau researchers. The meeting also provided an opportunity for experts to present critical research‐advancing tools and insights that are now rapidly accelerating the pace of tau research.
Copper Pairing in the Mordenite Framework as a Function of the CuI/CuII Speciation
Authors: Deplano Gabriele , Martini Andrea , Signorile Matteo , Borfecchia Elisa , Crocellà Valentina , Svelle Stian , Bordiga Silvia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of gas‐phase reactants is used to treat a Cu‐exchanged mordenite zeolite with the aim of studying the influence of the reaction environment on the formation of Cu pairs. The rearrangement of Cu ions to form multimeric sites as a function of their oxidation state was probed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and also by applying advanced analysis through wavelet transform, a method able to specifically locate Cu–Cu interactions also in the presence of overlapping contributions from other scattering paths. The nature of the Cu‐oxo species formed upon oxidation was further crosschecked by DFT‐assisted fitting of the EXAFS data and by resonant Raman spectroscopy. Altogether, the CuI/CuII speciation clearly correlates with Cu proximity, with metal ion pairs quantitatively forming under an oxidative environment.
An Effective Strategy for Designing Nonlinear Optical Crystals by Combining the Structure‐Directing Property of Oxyfluorides with Chemical Substitution
Authors: Hou Ying , Wu Hongping , Yu Hongwei , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRationally designing a high‐performance nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal remains a great ongoing challenge. It involves not only the design of noncentrosymmetric structures but also property optimization. In this communication, a new strategy for effectively designing the NLO crystal has been put forward, that is, using the structure‐directing property of oxyfluoride anions to obtain a noncentrosymmetric and polar structure, and then by substitution of IO3− for isovalent F− anions to further enhance the SHG response. With this strategy, a new iodate fluoride, Ba2[MoO3F(IO3)](MoO3F2) has been successfully designed from the Ba2(MoO3F2)F2 with the cis‐directing [MoO4F2]4− groups. It exhibits a large SHG response (≈8×KDP), a wide transparent region (0.30–10.92 μm), a high laser‐induced damage threshold (LDT) (88.53 MW cm−2), and a large birefringence (≈0.264@532 nm). These indicate Ba2[MoO3F(IO3)](MoO3F2) would be a promising NLO crystal.
Solvation Effect on the Improved Sodium Storage Performance of N‐Heteropentacenequinone for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Tao , Feng Xi‐Lan , Sun Qi‐Qi , Yu Yue , Yuan Guo‐Bao , Xiong Qi , Liu Da‐Peng , Zhang Xin‐Bo , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe performance of electrode material is correlated with the choice of electrolyte, however, how the solvation has significant impact on electrochemical behavior is underdeveloped. Herein, N‐heteropentacenequinone (TAPQ) is investigated to reveal the solvation effect on the performance of sodium‐ion batteries in different electrolyte environment. TAPQ cycled in diglyme‐based electrolyte exhibits superior electrochemical performance, but experiences a rapid capacity fading in carbonate‐based electrolyte. The function of solvation effect is mainly embodied in two aspects: one is the stabilization of anion intermediate via the compatibility of electrode and electrolyte, the other is the interfacial electrochemical characteristics influenced by solvation sheath structure. By revealing the failure mechanism, this work presents an avenue for better understanding electrochemical behavior and enhancing performance from the angle of solvation effect.
Property enhancement in flexible poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐based piezoelectric films with large‐area preparation
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yu Honglin , Sun Huajun , Zhu Quanyao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based film exhibits high degrees of electromechanical coupling, widely applied as flexible piezoelectric sensors, soft robotics, energy harvesters, and actuators. In this article, five different types of PVDF‐based piezoelectric films were prepared by the extrusion‐casting process. The mechanical, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electrically induced deformation properties of different films were studied. It is found that the addition of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) can improve the dielectric constant of piezoelectric films. PZT powders modified by titanate coupling reagent (UP‐105) can further improve the mechanical and electrical properties of composite films by improving the combination and dispersion of organic and inorganic phases. The addition of boron nitride nanosheets can effectively inhibit the generation of leak current, especially at high temperatures. The piezoelectric coefficients (d33) of composite films can reach up to 21pC/N, and its strain ratio is about 0.6% under the electric field intensity of 200 kV/mm.
Integrated analysis identifies a novel lncRNA prognostic signature associated with aerobic glycolysis and hub pathways in breast cancer
Authors: Li Zheng , Zheng Juan , Feng Yang , Li Yaming , Liang Yiran , Liu Ying , Wang Xiaolong , Yang Qifeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in cancer aerobic glycolysis. However, glycolysis‐related lncRNAs are still underexplored in breast cancer. In this study, we identified the five most glycolysis‐related lncRNAs in breast cancer to construct a prognostic signature, which could distinguish between patients with unfavorable and favorable prognoses. To investigate the role of signature lncRNAs in breast cancer, we profiled their expression levels in breast cancer progression cell line model. Real‐time PCR revealed that the five lncRNAs could contribute to breast cancer initiation or progression. Furthermore, we observed that the levels of four lncRNAs expression had a significant trend of gradient upregulation with the addition of glycolysis inhibitor in breast cancer cells. Afterward, random forest and logistic regression were conducted to assess the model's performance in stratifying glycolysis status. Finally, a nomogram including the lncRNA signature and clinical features was developed, and its efficacy in predicting the survival time and clinical utility was evaluated using a calibration curve, concordance index, and decision curve analysis. In this study, gene set enrichment analysis showed that the mTOR pathway, a central pathway in tumor initiation and progression, was significantly enriched in the high‐risk group. In addition, gene set variation analysis was performed to validate our findings in two independent datasets. Subsequent weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, followed by enrichment analysis, indicated that downstream cell growth‐related signaling was strikingly activated in the high‐risk group, and may directly promote tumor progression and escalate mortality risk in patients with high‐risk scores. Overall, our findings may provide novel insight into lncRNA‐related metabolic regulation, and help to develop promising prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for breast cancer patients.
The Diverse Antimicrobial Activities of Human Milk Oligosaccharides against Group B Streptococcus
Authors: Moore Rebecca E. , Townsend Steven D. , Gaddy Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram‐positive bacterial pathobiont that is the etiological cause of severe perinatal infections. GBS can colonize the vagina of pregnant patients and invade tissues causing ascending infections of the gravid reproductive tract that lead to adverse outcomes including preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and maternal or fetal demise. Additionally, transmission of GBS during labor or breastfeeding can also cause invasive infections of neonates and infants. However, human milk has also been shown to have protective effects against infection; a characteristic that is likely derived from antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of molecules that comprise human milk. Recent evidence suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), short‐chain sugars that comprise 8–20 % of breast milk, have antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm activity against GBS and other bacterial pathogens. Additionally, HMOs have been shown to potentiate the activity of antibiotics against GBS. This review presents the most recent published work that studies the interaction between HMOs and GBS.
Redox‐active BIAN‐based Diimine Ligands in Metal‐Catalyzed Small Molecule Syntheses**
Authors: Bernauer Josef , Pölker Jennifer , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: September 2021

Abstractα‐Diimine ligands have significantly shaped the coordination chemistry of most transition metal complexes. Among them, bis(imino)acenaphthene ligands (BIANs) have recently been matured to great versatility and applicability to catalytic reactions. Besides variations of the ligand periphery, the great versatility of BIAN ligands resides within their ability to undergo facile electronic manipulations. This review highlights key aspects of BIAN ligands in metal complexes and summarizes recent contributions of metal‐BIAN catalysts to syntheses of small and functionalized organic molecules.
Spin‐Phonon Coupling and Slow‐Magnetic Relaxation in Pristine Ferrocenium
Authors: Amoza Martín , Maxwell Lindley , Aliaga‐Alcalde Núria , Gómez‐Coca Silvia , Ruiz Eliseo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the spin dynamic properties of non‐substituted ferrocenium complexes. Ferrocenium shows a field‐induced single‐molecule magnet behaviour in DMF solution while cobaltocene lacks slow spin relaxation neither in powder nor in solution. Multireference quantum mechanical calculations give a non‐Aufbau orbital occupation for ferrocenium with small first excitation energy that agrees with the relatively large measured magnetic anisotropy for a transition metal S=1/2 system. The analysis of the spin relaxation shows an important participation of quantum tunnelling, Raman, direct and local‐mode mechanisms which depend on temperature and the external field conditions. The calculation of spin‐phonon coupling constants for the vibrational modes shows that the first vibrational mode, despite having a low spin‐phonon constant, is the most efficient process for the spin relaxation at low temperatures. In such conditions, vibrational modes with higher spin‐phonon coupling constants are not populated. Additionally, the vibrational energy of this first mode is in excellent agreement with the experimental fitted value obtained from the local‐mode mechanism.
Tailoring the Properties of Optical Force Probes for Polymer Mechanochemistry
Authors: He Siyang , Stratigaki Maria , Centeno Silvia P. , Dreuw Andreas , Göstl Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe correlation of mechanical properties of polymer materials with those of their molecular constituents is the foundation for their holistic comprehension and eventually for improved material designs and syntheses. Over the last decade, optical force probes (OFPs) were developed, shedding light on various unique mechanical behaviors of materials. The properties of polymers are diverse, ranging from soft hydrogels to ultra‐tough composites, from purely elastic rubbers to viscous colloidal solutions, and from transparent glasses to super black dyed coatings. Only very recently, researchers started to develop tailored OFP solutions that account for such material requirements in energy (both light and force), in time, and in their spatially detectable resolution. We here highlight notable recent examples and identify future challenges in this emergent field.
Triptycene derivatives as chiral probes for studying the molecular enantiorecognition on sub‐2‐μm particle cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase
Authors: Rosetti Alessia , Preda Giovanni , Villani Claudio , Pierini Marco , Pasini Dario , Cirilli Roberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo chiral triptycene derivatives were analyzed on the Chiralpak IB‐U column packed with cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐based sub‐2‐μm diameter particles. Under normal‐phase conditions, sub‐minute baseline enantioseparations were obtained. Differences in structural elements and chromatographic behavior of the investigated compounds were evaluated to identify the interactions that drive the chiral discrimination process. From the evaluation of the experimental chromatographic data, it was found that hydrogen bond formation is essential for the separation of enantiomers.
Metallacycle Expansion and Annulation: Access to Tetrazolo‐Fused Osmacycles by Reaction of Cyclic Osmium Carbyne with Sodium Azide
Authors: Wang Hongjian , Lin Yu‐Mei , Chen Siyuan , Ruan Yonghong , Xia Haiping 
Published: September 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe reaction of a cyclic osmacarbyne complex with sodium azide led to the formation of a ring expansion‐annulation product, a unique tetrazole annulated polycyclic metallacycle. The reaction proceeds by insertion of a nitrogen atom into the metal carbon triple bond and the second azide participating in the [2+3] cycloaddition. The successful isolation and characterization of metalla‐azirine complex and metallapyridinium derivative strongly validated the mechanism for the formation of the title complex. The work demonstrates a new strategy to enrich the varieties of aza‐metallacyclic species.
Development of a blended learning course for teacher training with digital and analogue content as part of Experimento|10+
Authors: Knie Lisa , Schwarzer Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMit der Weiterentwicklung der Lehrkräftefortbildung Experimento | 10+ der Siemens Stiftung wird ein neuartiges Bildungsprogramm vorgestellt, das sowohl in der Lernform als auch inhaltlich die Chancen der Digitalität nutzt: Es wechseln sich in einem Blended‐Learning‐Format digitale und analoge Experimentierphasen ab, wobei die digitalen Phasen über Online‐Selbstlern‐Module realisiert werden. Die Themenmodule Wertebildung, Inklusion und sprachsensibler Fachunterricht sowie Computational Thinking sind für die Lehrkräfte während der zweitägigen Fortbildung fakultativ. Während der Präsenzveranstaltungen liegt ein besonderer Fokus auf der Erprobung von Experimenten zu den Themenbereichen Energie, Umwelt und Gesundheit, welche sich im Besonderen für den Einsatz im Chemieunterricht eignen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird vor allem die Gestaltung der Online‐Module näher vorgestellt, welche über das Medienportal der Siemens Stiftung verfügbar sind.
On Ill‐ and Well‐Posedness of Dissipative Martingale Solutions to Stochastic 3D Euler Equations
Authors: Hofmanová Martina , Zhu Rongchan , Zhu Xiangchan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe are concerned with the question of well‐posedness of stochastic, three‐dimensional, incompressible Euler equations. In particular, we introduce a novel class of dissipative solutions and show that (i) existence; (ii) weak–strong uniqueness; (iii) nonuniqueness in law; (iv) existence of a strong Markov solution; (v) nonuniqueness of strong Markov solutions: all hold true within this class. Moreover, as a by‐product of (iii) we obtain existence and nonuniqueness of probabilistically strong and analytically weak solutions defined up to a stopping time and satisfying an energy inequality. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Mobility speed prediction using ARIMA and RNN for random walk mobility model in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Theerthagiri Prasannavenkatesan , Thangavelu Menakadevi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, an auto‐regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling has been proposed to predict the mobility speed of the nodes in the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The mobility speed prediction supports effective route discovery to enhance efficient and reliable routing. The random walk mobility model had been used to forecast the mobility of the nodes. Subsequently, various the recurrent neural network (RNN) model has been developed with different number hidden neurons, and the prediction results are compared with proposed ARIMA based results. The Akaike information criterion, auto‐correlation function metrics are evaluated to assess the dataset's quality. Several network scenarios are evaluated with various speeds and the number of nodes. The results of the proposed ARIMA model are compared with the RNN results. It demonstrates that the proposed model has higher prediction rates with reduced error rates of 0.1%–1.4% than RNN values. Such that the proposed methods facilitate the higher prediction rate of 10%–26% as compared with the RNN. Therefore, the proposed mobility speed prediction techniques support the effective routing in the MANETs.