bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic follow‐ups were not associated with reduced acute ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction in infancy
Authors: Liminga Gunnar , Ahlbäck Benjamin , Hamdeh Sami Abu , Nilsson Pelle , Ehrstedt Christoffer 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimHydrocephalus surgery with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a life‐saving treatment, but it has been associated with a high risk of dysfunction and complications. We investigated whether infants who received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt below 12 months of age had a reduced risk of acute shunt dysfunction if they were included in a structured follow‐up programme.MethodsA population‐based, retrospective chart review was performed at Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Sweden. Patients were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes and surgical codes from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2019. Those who received the structured follow‐up programme from April 2012 were compared with historical controls.ResultsWe identified 95 patients (66% male): 47 in the follow‐up group and 48 controls. Their mean age was 2.6 (range 0–12) months. There was a high 44% acute shunt dysfunction rate during the first year after primary surgery: 38% in the follow‐up group and 50% in the control group (p = 0.25). The difference was not significant.ConclusionThe structured follow‐up programme was not associated with a significant reduction in acute shunt dysfunction. Predictive models could help to identify patients at risk for shunt dysfunction and complications and improve surveillance and follow‐up programmes.
Just what the doctor ordered? The benefits and costs of e‐cigarette regulation in Australia
Authors: Kenkel Don , Mathios Alan , Phillips Grace , Suryanarayana Revathy , Wang Hua , Zeng Sen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAustralia had adopted a novel approach to e‐cigarette policy by requiring a physician's prescription to lawfully obtain nicotine e‐cigarettes. We conducted an online discrete choice experiment to gauge how adult Australian smokers made hypothetical choices between cigarettes, prescription e‐cigarettes, non‐prescription e‐cigarettes and quitting. We estimate a mixed logit model, which allows us to predict the market shares under different policy scenarios. The mixed logit model also provides estimates of consumer willingness to pay for the benefits from the prescription status of e‐cigarettes and the costs of illegal e‐cigarette markets. We estimate that the average utility loss from an illegal retail market is worth AU$7.90 per pack equivalent. We use the corresponding estimates of the compensating variations in income to conduct cost–benefit analyses of possible reforms to Australian e‐cigarette regulation. In aggregate, we estimate that the benefits of allowing but not requiring prescriptions of e‐cigarettes are AU$1.8 billion per year. Our paper provides a novel contribution to research on e‐cigarette regulation and provides a case study for the policy implementation in Australia. Our paper is also part of our research agenda to explore and develop methods to conduct policy analysis and cost–benefit analysis of regulatory policies that might create illegal markets.
Impact of Nucleos(t)ide Analogs on Major Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: A 10‐Year French Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lam Laurent , Bourlière Marc , Pol Stanislas , Carrat Fabrice 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundConflicting results have been reported on the impact of tenofovir versus entecavir on liver‐related outcomes.AimsTo explore trends in clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)–infected patients and compare the impact of tenofovir versus entecavir on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver transplantation (LT) and mortality.MethodsWe used the French National Health Insurance Databases (SNDS) to identify HBV‐infected patients. We quantified the excess clinical burden from 2012 to 2021 by comparing the HBV‐infected cohort with a general population cohort, using 1:1 exact matching on birth date, sex, social deprivation index and follow‐up start date. The risks of mortality, HCC and LT were compared between patients treated with tenofovir and entecavir using inverse probability weighting.ResultsA total of 101,740 patients were matched to the general population. From 2012 to 2021, the average annual decreases in excess mortality, incidence of HCC and LT were 3.7%, 8.0% and 11.9%, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). During the same period, the nucleos(t)ide analog (NUC) treatment coverage significantly increased, particularly after 2016 (p < 0.001). Among 14,054 treatment‐naïve patients starting tenofovir (n = 7426) or entecavir (n = 6628), we observed no difference in the composite outcome of mortality, LT or HCC (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.95–1.24). Tenofovir was associated with an increased risk of HCC compared with entecavir (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07–1.62).ConclusionsTenofovir was associated with a higher risk of HCC compared with entecavir, although no difference in the composite outcome of mortality or liver‐related events was observed between the two treatments.
Integrating Sr isotopes, microchemistry, and genetics to reconstruct Salmonidae species and life history
Authors: Salerno Ross , Murdoch Remi , Elmore Joanna , Wilcox Taylor , Hegg Jens , Austin Catherine S. , LeMoine Michael , Luckhurst Jade , Fraik Alexandra K. , Carney Molly 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent approaches to fisheries research emphasize the importance of the coproduction of knowledge in building resilient and culturally mindful fisheries management frameworks. Despite widespread recognition of the need for Indigenous knowledge and historical reference points as baseline data, archaeological data are rarely included in conservation biology research designs. Here we propose a novel multiproxy method to learn from former fisheries stewards by generating archaeological data on past salmonid population parameters. We used a newly developed, high throughput qPCR (HT‐qPCR) chip, originally designed for environmental DNA (eDNA), for species identification of archaeological salmonid vertebrae. We combine this with the laser ablation split‐stream (LASS) approach to identify ocean‐migration versus freshwater residency. We test this multidisciplinary approach using both contemporary and archaeological salmonid samples and new radiocarbon dates from the Tronsdal Site on the Skagit River, Washington State, USA. This is a useful approach for extracting information about Salmonidae species and life history diversity from archaeological remains to reconstruct historic baselines for several population parameters in anadromous species with long periods of freshwater residency. The approach outlined in this paper may be particularly useful for research investigating past fisheries dynamics, offering hundreds to thousands of years of temporal depth for modern fisheries management, harvest policies, restoration ecology, and conservation biology.
Medication review interventions for adults living with advanced chronic kidney disease: A scoping review
Authors: Pogson Cathy Margaret , Austin Rosalynn , Patel Jignesh Prakash , Wheeler David Collins 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStructured medication reviews (SMRs) were introduced into the National Health Service (NHS) Primary Care to support the delivery of the NHS Long‐Term Plan for medicines optimization. SMRs improve the quality of care, reduce harm and offer value for money. However, evidence to support SMRs for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage G4‐5D with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality is unknown. This scoping review aimed to assess the extent and nature of SMR research in the population of patients with CKD stage G4‐5D. Electronic databases were searched on 20 October 2023. Studies were eligible if they described an SMR in adults with CKD stage G4‐5D, regardless of the study design. Data detailing the global patterns, population and intervention descriptions, professionals performing SMR, and reported areas for future research were extracted. The extracted outcome data were categorized as clinical, patient‐important, medication‐related and experience‐related. A narrative synthesis was completed. Seventeen studies (81%) were conducted in nephrology outpatient settings, three (14%) during acute hospital admissions and one (5%) within the community pharmacy. Eighteen studies (86%) were quantitative, including five randomized controlled trials. Ten (48%) studies were undertaken in the United States and Canada, and two in Europe (France and Norway). No such studies have been conducted in the United Kingdom. Our review revealed that there is a lack of evidence for SMR as a strategy to reduce polypharmacy and harms from medication for adults with CKD stage G4‐5D. Therefore, further research is required in this area.
World‐making for a future with sentient AI
Authors: Pauketat Janet V.T. , Ladak Ali , Anthis Jacy Reese 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe ways people imagine possible futures with artificial intelligence (AI) affects future world‐making—how the future is produced through cultural propagation, design, engineering, policy, and social interaction—yet there has been little empirical study of everyday people's expectations for AI futures. We addressed this by analysing two waves (2021 and 2023) of USA nationally representative data from the Artificial Intelligence, Morality, and Sentience (AIMS) survey on the public's forecasts about an imagined future world with widespread AI sentience (total N = 2401). Average responses to six forecasts (exploiting AI labour, treating AI cruelly, using AI research subjects, AI welfare, AI rights advocacy, AI unhappiness reduction) showed mixed expectations for humanity's future with AI. Regressions of these forecasts on demographics such as age, the year the data was collected, individual psychological differences (the tendency to anthropomorphise, mind perception, techno‐animist beliefs), and attitudes towards current AI (perceived threat and policy support) found significant effects on all forecasts from mind perception, anthropomorphism, and political orientation, and on five forecasts from techno‐animism. The realized future that comes to pass will depend on these dynamic social psychological factors, consequent changes in expectations, and how those expectations shape acts of world‐making.
Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSoC): Evidence to Question Its Use?
Authors: Gridley Nicole , Mooney Kate , Blower Sarah , Melendez‐Torres G. J. , Berry Vashti , Bywater Tracey 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study investigated the factor structure of the parenting sense of competence (PSoC), a measure of parenting self‐efficacy, in a sample of parents recruited when their infants were under 2 months old. Due to the lack of longitudinal analysis of the PSoC's factor structure over time, the study sought to establish if the published two‐factor structure was consistent over an 18‐month period.MethodsData collected from 536 parents who had participated in a randomised controlled trial of universal proportionate parenting support, delivered in five sites in England, were subject to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsCFA revealed that a three‐factor model was the best fit for the data. Longitudinal measurement invariance testing examined the stability of the three‐factor model across an 18‐month period. The results suggest that while the PSoC appeared to have configural variance, the metric and scalar variance were not supported. PSoC may be unstable across time and might be unreliable as a measure of parenting competence in parents of infants.ConclusionThese findings are particularly salient for researchers and clinicians who are utilising the PSoC as a measure of change in routine practice or as part of evaluations of interventions. Further investigation of individual items is needed to refine the PSoC and improve its psychometric validity. Additional analyses are also needed to establish the invariance of the measure across different groups (age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status).
Impact of blood flow restriction intensity on pain perception and muscle recovery post‐eccentric exercise
Authors: Surenkok Ozgur , Aydin Gamze , Ciftci Ebru Aloglu , Kendal Kubra , Atici Emine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDelayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a well‐established phenomenon characterized by ultrastructural muscle damage that typically develops following unfamiliar or high‐intensity exercise. DOMS manifests with a constellation of symptoms, including muscle tenderness, stiffness, edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, and a reduced range of joint motion. In recent years, the application of blood flow restriction (BFR) has garnered attention for its potential impact on DOMS.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different BFR intensities on biomechanical alterations induced by DOMS in healthy individuals.Design and MethodsThirty participants were split into two groups receiving either 80% or 20% BFR applied during low‐intensity resistance exercise following DOMS induction. Pain perception, pressure pain threshold, muscle biometric characteristics, and strength were assessed before DOMS, after DOMS, and following BFR application at 24, 48, and 72 h.ResultsThe 80% BFR group experienced faster reductions in pain perception compared to the 20% BFR group. Muscle strength recovery was also statistically faster in the 80% BFR group. No significant differences were observed between groups in muscle stiffness, flexibility, or other mechanical properties.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that BFR, particularly at higher intensities, may alleviate DOMS symptoms and accelerate muscle strength recovery. However, the lack of a control group and limitations in muscle property assessment warrant further research to definitively determine BFR's efficacy in managing DOMS.
Has Sex‐Based Disparity in Liver Transplantation Opportunities and Waitlist Mortality Improved in the MELD3.0 Era?: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Akabane Miho , Imaoka Yuki , Esquivel Carlos O. , Sasaki Kazunari 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn July 2023, the OPTN adopted MELD3.0 to address sex‐based disparities in liver transplantation (LT) opportunity and waitlist mortality. No studies have proven that MELD3.0 alleviated them.MethodsWe evaluated sex‐based disparities in LT opportunities and waitlist mortality, utilizing the UNOS data (August 2022–March 2024), comparing pre‐ and post‐MELD3.0 eras.ResultsAmong 11 795 LT candidates (pre‐MELD3.0: 7263; post‐MELD3.0: 4532), the proportion of females increased from 38.8% to 42.6% post‐MELD3.0. In the transplanted population, females increased from 37.7% to 41.6% post‐MELD3.0. The median MELD score difference (“MELD3.0–MELD‐Na”) at listing was ‐0.26 [‐2.13, 0.80] for females and ‐0.86 [‐2.92, 0.00] for males (p < 0.01). Compared to females, males consistently showed a larger drop in points from MELD‐Na to MELD3.0. In the pre‐MELD3.0 era, females had lower LT opportunity (sub‐hazard ratio [sHR]: 0.88 [0.83–0.93], p < 0.01) and higher waitlist mortality (sHR: 1.39 [1.20–1.62], p < 0.01). In the post‐MELD3.0 era, there were no significant differences in LT opportunity (sHR: 0.93 [0.87–1.00], p = 0.07) and waitlist mortality (sHR: 1.25 [0.98–1.57], p = 0.26). Subgroup analyses based on MELD‐Na groups showed that significant differences in LT opportunity and waitlist mortality in the pre‐MELD3.0 era became insignificant in the post‐MELD3.0 era. Multivariable competing‐risk analysis showed that, in the pre‐MELD3.0 era, female sex was a significant risk factor for LT opportunity (sHR: 0.90 [0.84–0.96], p < 0.01) and waitlist mortality (sHR: 1.19 [1.01–1.38], p = 0.03), but in the post‐MELD3.0 era, it was not significant (sHR: 0.94 [0.86–1.02], p = 0.11 for LT opportunity/sHR: 1.08 [0.83–1.40], p = 0.57 for waitlist mortality).ConclusionsOur preliminary findings suggest that MELD3.0 has the potential to reduce sex‐based disparities in LT opportunities and waitlist mortality.
Contemporary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections in Low‐Risk CMV Seronegative Recipients of Solid Organ Transplants From CMV Seronegative Donors (D−/R−): Time to Reexamine Donor CMV Serostatus
Authors: Heldman Madeleine R. , Messina Julia A. , Schlueter Annette J. , Lee Mark J. , Saullo Jennifer L. , Miller Rachel A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEarly posttransplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in CMV seronegative solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) with CMV seronegative donors (D−/R−) are often attributed transfusion‐transmitted CMV. The prevalence of false‐negative donor CMV serology in D−/R− SOTR with early CMV infections has not been explored.MethodsWe determined the frequency and characteristics of CMV DNAemia that occurred within 90 days of transplant among adult SOTR classified as D−/R− who underwent a first SOT at a single center between February 25, 2014 and February 25, 2024. Repeat donor CMV antibody testing was performed on stored donor sera if possible.ResultsThirteen of 737 (1.8%) D−/R− SOTR from 12 donors developed CMV DNAemia within 90 days of transplant (median time to DNAemia: 28 days, interquartile range 23–42 days). Five (38%) recipients experienced CMV disease either before (n = 2) or after (n = 3) CMV DNAemia was identified, and five (38%) developed CMV antiviral resistance mutations during their course. Repeat CMV antibody testing was performed on sera from four donors to five recipients and was positive in three (75%) tested donors.ConclusionsEarly CMV infections in D−/R− SOTR are uncommon but associated with high morbidity. CMV transmission from organ donors with false negative CMV serology is an important source of early CMV infections in D−/R− SOTR. Clinicians should suspect and promptly report early CMV infections in D−/R− SOTR as potential donor‐derived processes, regardless of donor and/or recipient transfusion histories. Reporting such cases is essential to promote broader investigations that may identify suboptimal donor CMV screening assays.
Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Scholastic Performance in Dental Undergraduate Students—A Scoping Review
Authors: Bagheri Kamyar , Licari Frank W. , Awan Kamran H. , Bhandi Shilpa , Tellez Freitas Claudia M. , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe review was intended to evaluate the relationship of the nature of sleep with academic performances among undergraduate dental students.Materials and MethodsScopus, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases were explored using a combination of MeSH terminologies for studies published until May 2023. JBI Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist was considered for data extraction and quality assessment while Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was considered for the assessment of certainty of evidence.ResultsSeven studies that fulfilled the selection criteria were considered and they comprised an overall of 2738 students. Different questionnaires to assess the quality of sleep were recorded in the studies such as the Dental Environmental Stress questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The academic performance was evaluated through self‐reported grade point average. Based on the observations, a significant relationship between sleep quality and scholastic performance was established. Subjects with better sleep quality showed greater academic performance, along with enhanced cognitive abilities. The specific quality of sleep indicators, comprising duration of sleep, disturbances in sleep patterns, stimulant drinks, and efficiency of sleep, were reported to be linked with academic performance outcomes. A majority of the studies revealed a higher risk of bias.ConclusionThese findings emphasise the importance of the promotion of healthy sleep habits and attendance of sleep‐related issues for the optimisation of scholastic achievements and general well‐being in this particular population. Future research should concentrate on the development of interventions and strategies for the enhancement of sleep quality.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO number: CRD42024507372
Long‐term data reveal widespread phenological change across major US estuarine food webs
Authors: Fournier Robert J. , Colombano Denise D. , Latour Robert J. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Ruhi Albert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate change is shifting the timing of organismal life‐history events. Although consequential food‐web mismatches can emerge if predators and prey shift at different rates, research on phenological shifts has traditionally focused on single trophic levels. Here, we analysed >2000 long‐term, monthly time series of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish abundance or biomass for the San Francisco, Chesapeake, and Massachusetts bays. Phenological shifts occurred in over a quarter (28%) of the combined series across all three estuaries. However, phenological trends for many taxa (ca. 29–68%) did not track the changing environment. While planktonic taxa largely advanced their phenologies, fishes displayed broad patterns of both advanced and delayed timing of peak abundance. Overall, these divergent patterns illustrate the potential for climate‐driven trophic mismatches. Our results suggest that even if signatures of global climate change differ locally, widespread phenological change has the potential to disrupt estuarine food webs.
Coefficients in Taylor's law increase with the time scale of water clarity measurements in a global suite of lakes
Authors: Glines Max R. , Amancio Renata C. H. , Andersen Mikkel René , Baulch Helen , Brighenti Ludmila S. , Chmiel Hannah E. , Cohen Joel E. , de Eyto Elvira , Erina Oxana , Feuchtmayr Heidrun , Flaim Giovanna , Giudici Andrea , Hamilton David P. , Huot Yannick , Kelly Michael R. , Kelly Seán , Laas Alo , McBride Christopher , Minaudo Camille , Neto Jose Fernandes Bezerra , Nugent Katy , Ordóñez César , Perga Marie‐Elodie , Reid Brian , Scott Caren , Staehr Peter A. U. , Tonetta Denise , Wain Danielle , Ward Nicole K. , Rose Kevin C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIdentifying the scaling rules describing ecological patterns across time and space is a central challenge in ecology. Taylor's law of fluctuation scaling, which states that the variance of a population's size or density is proportional to a positive power of the mean size or density, has been widely observed in population dynamics and characterizes variability in multiple scientific domains. However, it is unclear if this phenomenon accurately describes ecological patterns across many orders of magnitude in time, and therefore links otherwise disparate observations. Here, we use water clarity observations from 10,531 days of high‐frequency measurements in 35 globally distributed lakes, and lower‐frequency measurements over multiple decades from 6342 lakes to test this unknown. We focus on water clarity as an integrative ecological characteristic that responds to both biotic and abiotic drivers. We provide the first documentation that variations in ecological measurements across diverse sites and temporal scales exhibit variance patterns consistent with Taylor's law, and that model coefficients increase in a predictable yet non‐linear manner with decreasing observation frequency. This discovery effectively links high‐frequency sensor network observations with long‐term historical monitoring records, thereby affording new opportunities to understand and predict ecological dynamics on time scales from days to decades.