bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil respiration spatial and temporal variability in China between 1961 and 2014
Authors: Jian Jinshi , Yuan Xuefeng , Steele Meredith K. , Du Can , Ogunmayowa Oluwatosin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoil respiration (Rs) plays an important role in terrestrial–atmospheric carbon exchange but remains one of the least studied components of the carbon cycle. How environmental changes influence Rs, and in turn, how Rs influences terrestrial carbon storage in China is unclear. Here, we estimated spatial patterns and temporal trends in Rs from 1961 to 2014 to determine the influence of the recent warming hiatus on the Rs temporal variability in China. We evaluated the relationship between Rs and a set of environmental factors and developed biome‐specific Rs models that were parameterized based on 2,862 Rs records and 18 continuous variables (e.g., air temperature, precipitation and leaf area index). Based on the biome‐specific Rs models and environmental information, we estimated the annual Rs as well as the change trend of Rs in China during the study period. The mean annual Rs from 1961 to 2014 was 3.50 (confidence interval ± 0.87) Pg·C·year−1. Rs in China increased at a rate of 0.008 Pg·C·year−2 between 1982 and 1998 (warming period), but was static between 1999 and 2014 (warming hiatus). This reduction in Rs increase rate may have an important role in enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration. These findings confirm that temporal heterogeneity in Rs could be influenced by regional environmental changes, and further help in improving the understanding of soil carbon dynamics in China.Highlights
No study in China has integrated multiple biotic and abiotic factors and analysed how soil respiration correlates with different factors across biomes.
In this study, biome‐specific models, including biotic and abiotic factors, were developed to estimate soil respiration in China.
Annual soil respiration in China was estimated to be 3.50 (confidence interval ± 0.87) Pg·C·year‐1.
Annual soil respiration in China had greater deceleration compared to the global deceleration between 1999 and 2014.
Untreated patients with multiple sclerosis: A study of French expert centers
Authors: Moisset Xavier , Fouchard Audrey‐Anne , Pereira Bruno , Taithe Frédéric , Mathey Guillaume , Edan Gilles , Ciron Jonathan , Brochet Bruno , De Sèze Jérôme , Papeix Caroline , Vermersch Patrick , Labauge Pierre , Defer Gilles , Lebrun‐Frenay Christine , Moreau Thibault , Laplaud David , Berger Eric , Pelletier Jean , Stankoff Bruno , Gout Olivier , Thouvenot Eric , Heinzlef Olivier , Al‐Khedr Abdullatif , Bourre Bertrand , Casez Olivier , Cabre Philippe , Montcuquet Alexis , Créange Alain , Camdessanché Jean‐Philippe , Bakchine Serge , Maurousset Aude , Hankiewicz Karolina , Pottier Corinne , Maubeuge Nicolas , Dimitri Boulos Dalia , Nifle Chantal , Vukusic Sandra , Clavelou Pierre ,   the OFSEP investigators
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDisease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) have an impact on relapses and disease progression. Nonetheless, many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remain untreated. The objectives of the present study were to determine the proportion of untreated patients with MS followed in expert centers in France and to determine the predictive factors of nontreatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from the 38 centers participating in the European Database for Multiple Sclerosis (EDMUS) on December 15, 2018, and patients with MS seen at least once during the study period (from June 15, 2016 to June 14, 2017) were included.ResultsOf the 21,189 patients with MS (age 47.1 ± 13.1 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.4 ± 2.4), 6,631 (31.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 30.7–31.9) were not receiving any DMT. Although patients with a relapsing‐remitting course (n = 11,693) were the most likely to receive DMT, 14.8% (95% CI 14.2–15.4) were still untreated (6.8% never treated). After multivariate analysis among patients with relapsing‐remitting MS, the main factors explaining never having been treated were: not having ≥9 lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (odds ratio [OR] 0.52 [95% CI 0.44–0.61]) and lower EDSS score (OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.74–0.82]). Most patients with progressive MS (50.4% for secondary and 64.2% for primary progressive MS) did not receive any DMT during the study period, while 11.6% of patients with secondary and 34.0% of patients with primary progressive MS had never received any DMT.ConclusionA significant proportion of patients with MS did not receive any DMT, even though such treatments are reimbursed by the healthcare system for French patients. This result highlights the unmet need for current DMTs for a large subgroup of patients with MS.
Temporal variation in the diet of Yangtze finless porpoise calls for conservation of semi‐migratory fish
Authors: Yang Jiwei , Wang Kang , Mei Zhigang , Xu Jun , Zheng Jinsong , Wan Xiaoling , Hao Yujiang , Wang Kexiong , Wang Ding 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIdentifying the feeding patterns of large‐bodied predators is necessary to predict their potential effects on food‐web dynamics and to inform species conservation. In contrast to diet information from stomach contents, diet estimates obtained using stable isotopes in blood and muscle can reveal temporal variation in diets.Here, we used an extensive stable isotope dataset and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model to evaluate the trophic role of the Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis), a critically endangered species distributed in the middle and lower catchments of the Yangtze River. We analysed blood samples from 24 individuals captured during March 2017 in Poyang Lake (which adjoins the Yangtze River), and muscle samples from 8 individuals stranded in the lake over a 1‐year period (2012–2013). We additionally genotyped prey from faecal samples taken from 13 individuals captured in March 2017.We found that as a generalist apex predator, this finless porpoise consumes semi‐migratory and non‐migratory fish prey. However, relative proportions of these two prey resources were different between dietary analyses based on blood samples compared to muscle samples, reflecting recent and longer‐term consumption patterns, respectively.Non‐migratory fish contributed mainly to the diet of predators in the early and middle of March. In contrast, semi‐migratory fish comprised the majority of the prey composition over a more extended period (e.g. 2–3 months), and the difference may be linked to changes in the fish abundance influenced by seasonal factors.Our findings provide insights into the trophic role of this critically imperilled but little studied species, demonstrate how stable isotope analyses can elucidate finless porpoise feeding ecology, and emphasise the importance of semi‐migratory fish to conserving this porpoise population.
Factor VIII/IX inhibitor testing practices in the United Kingdom: Results of a UKHCDO and UKNEQAS national survey
Authors: Batty Paul , Riddell Anne , Kitchen Steve , Sardo Infirri Sofia , Walker Isobel , Woods Tim , Jennings Ian , Hart Daniel P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionInhibitor formation is the greatest challenge facing persons with haemophilia treated with factor concentrates. The gold standard testing methodologies are the Nijmegen‐Bethesda assay (NBA) for FVIII and Bethesda assay (BA) for FIX inhibitors, which are affected by pre‐analytical and inter‐laboratory variability.AimsTo evaluate inhibitor testing methodology and assess correlation between self‐reported and actual methodology.MethodsMethodology was evaluated using a survey distributed alongside a UK National External Quality Assessment Service Blood Coagulation external quality assurance (EQA) exercise for FVIII and FIX inhibitor testing.ResultsSeventy four survey and EQA exercise responses were received (response rate 63.2%), with 50 paired survey/EQA results. 47.1% (33/70) reported using the NBA and 42.9% (30/70) the BA for FVIII inhibitor testing. Review of FVIII inhibitor assay methodology demonstrated discrepancy (self‐reported to actual) in 64.3% (BA reporting) and 27.6% (NBA reporting). Pre‐analytical heat treatment was used by 32.4%, most commonly 56°C for 30 minutes. Assay cut‐offs of 0.1‐1.0 BU/mL were reported. EQA samples (acquired FVIII and congenital FIX) demonstrated titres and coefficients of variation (CV) of 3.1 BU/mL (0.7‐15.4 BU/mL; CV = 43%) and 18.0 BU/mL (0‐117 BU/mL; CV = 33%), respectively. No significant assay or laboratory factors were found to explain this variance, which could have resulted in change in management for 6 patients (5 misclassified high‐titre FVIII inhibitors and 1 false negative for a FIX inhibitor).ConclusionsHeterogeneity was seen at each stage of assay methodology. No assay‐related factors were found to explain variation in inhibitor titres. Further standardization is required to improve inhibitor quantification to guide patient care.
Effects of a non‐pharmacological approach for chronic pain management in patients with haemophilia: efficacy of cognitive‐behavioural therapy associated with physiotherapy
Authors: García‐Dasí María , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía , Carrasco Juan J. , Marques‐Sule Elena , Aguilar‐Rodríguez Marta , Moreno‐Segura Noemí , Gómez‐Tomás Cinta , Querol Felipe , Bonanad Santiago 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionMore than half of adult patients with severe haemophilia (PWH) suffer pain daily, with chronic pain (CP) in more than 15% of cases, thereby reducing their quality of life (QoL). However, there are no evidence‐based therapeutic guidelines for pain management.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a combined protocol based on psychology and physiotherapy in the improvement of CP self‐efficacy in PWH with CP. Secondary outcomes are changes in QoL, emotional status, pain and kinesiophobia.MethodsIn this prospective controlled trial study, recruited patients were allocated either to an experimental group (EG, n = 10) or to a control group (CG, n = 9). EG received interventions over four months: one cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) session per month and three home exercise sessions per week.Self‐efficacy (Chronic Pain Self‐Efficacy Scale), QoL (A36 Hemophilia‐QoL), emotional status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Rosenberg's Self‐esteem Scale), pain (Visual Analogue Scale) and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia) were assessed at three time points (Week 0, Month 4 and Month 7). The intervention effects were determined with mixed 2‐factor ANOVAs.ResultsThe EG showed a significant improvement (p < .05) in the control of symptoms and pain management scores on the Self‐Efficacy Scale, QoL, self‐esteem emotional status, pain and kinesiophobia. The intervention effects remained significant (p < .05) over time for pain management, QoL, pain and kinesiophobia.ConclusionThe non‐pharmacological treatment applied based on CBT and physiotherapy showed to be effective in improving CP self‐efficacy, QoL and emotional status, while reducing pain and kinesiophobia in PWH with CP.
Clinical Guidelines for Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (second edition)
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Takei Mineo , Asakura Hirotaka , Gotoh Momokazu , Ishizuka Osamu , Kato Kumiko , Koyama Masayasu , Takeyama Masami , Tomoe Hikaru , Yamanishi Tomonori , Yokoyama Osamu , Yoshida Masaki , Yoshimura Yasukuni , Yoshizawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present article is an abridged English translation of the Japanese Clinical Guidelines for Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (second edition), published in September 2019. These guidelines consist of a total of 212 pages and are unique worldwide in that they cover female lower urinary tract symptoms other than urinary incontinence. They contain two algorithms for “primary treatment” and “specialized treatment,” respectively. These guidelines, consisting of six chapters, address a total of 26 clinical questions including: (i) treatment algorithms; (ii) what are female lower urinary tract symptoms?; (iii) epidemiology and quality of life; (iv) pathology and illness; (v) diagnosis; and (vi) treatment. When the patient’s symptoms mainly involve voiding and post‐micturition symptoms, specialized treatment should be considered. In the event of voiding symptoms concurrent with storage symptoms, residual urine should be measured; if the residual urine volume is <100 mL, then diagnosis and treatment for storage symptoms is prioritized, and if the volume is ≥100 mL, then specialized treatment should be considered. When storage symptoms are the primary condition, then the patient is subject to the primary treatment algorithm. Specialized treatment for refractory overactive bladder includes botulinum toxin injection and sacral nerve stimulation. For stress urinary incontinence, surgical treatment is indicated, such as urethral slings. The two causes of voiding symptoms and post‐micturition symptoms are lower urinary tract obstruction and detrusor underactivity (underactive bladder). Mechanical lower urinary tract obstruction, such as pelvic organ prolapse, is expected to improve with surgery.
Safety and chronic lesion characterization of pulsed field ablation in a Porcine model
Authors: Stewart Mark T. , Haines David E. , Miklavčič Damijan , Kos Bor , Kirchhof Nicole , Barka Noah , Mattison Lars , Martien Matt , Onal Birce , Howard Brian , Verma Atul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulsed field ablation (PFA) has been identified as an alternative to thermal‐based ablation systems for treatment of atrial fibrillation patients. The objective of this Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) study was to characterize the chronic effects and safety of overlapping lesions created by a PFA system at intracardiac locations in a porcine model.MethodsA circular catheter with nine gold electrodes was used for overlapping low‐ or high‐dose PFA deliveries in the superior vena cava (SVC), right atrial appendage (RAA), and right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) in six pigs. Electrical isolation was evaluated acutely and chronic lesions were assessed via necropsy and histopathology after 4‐week survival. Acute and chronic safety data were recorded peri‐ and post‐procedurally.ResultsNo animal experienced ventricular arrhythmia during PFA delivery, and there was no evidence of periprocedural PFA‐related adverse events. Lesions created in all anatomies resulted in electrical isolation postprocedure. Lesions were circumferential, contiguous, and transmural, with all converting into consistent lines of chronic replacement fibrosis, regardless of trabeculated or smooth endocardial surface structure. Ablations were non‐thermally generated with only minimal post‐delivery temperature rises recorded at the electrodes. There was no evidence of extracardiac damage, stenosis, aneurysms, endocardial disruption, or thrombus.ConclusionPFA deliveries to the SVC, RAA, and RSPV resulted in complete circumferential replacement fibrosis at 4‐week postablation with an excellent chronic myocardial and collateral tissue safety profile. This GLP study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a dosage range in preparation for a clinical trial and characterized the non‐thermal nature of PFA.
Systematic reviews of antihypertensive drugs: A review of publication trends, characteristics, and quality
Authors: Esam Hariprasad , Kanukula Raju , Dhurjati Rupasvi , Aerram Rupa , Chevireddy Sindhujareddy , Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Atkins Emily , Huffman Mark D. , Rodgers Anthony , Salam Abdul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis review presents publication trends, characteristics, and quality of systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antihypertensive drugs (AHTDs). Between 1985 and 2017, 1,173 SRs were published, and in the last 20 years, 10, 35, and 116 were published in the year 1996, 2006, and 2016, respectively. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers were the most common class of drugs studied. Fourteen percent of the SRs were prospectively registered/published protocol. Three‐fourth of the SRs did not report a full search strategy, and 45% did not report a PRISMA or similar diagram. Of the 34 SRs published in the five high impact factor journals in the last 10 years, 15%, 21%, and 65% have unclear, low, and high risk of bias, respectively. There has been a steady increase in the publication of SRs of RCTs of AHTDs. However, adherence to standard methods of conduct and reporting continues to be low.
Association of platelet count and plateletcrit with nerve conduction function and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Qian Yuqin , Zeng Yaying , Lin Qingxia , Huang Huanjie , Zhang Wanli , Yu Huan , Deng Binbin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes has been considered as a ‘pro‐thrombotic state’ with enhanced platelet reactivity. Abnormality in platelet aggregation has been found in patients with its most common chronic complication – diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential association of platelet indices with nerve conduction function and the presence of DPN in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThis study involved a total of 211 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 55 healthy individuals for whom nerve conduction studies were carried out. DPN was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association recommendation. Clinical data were retrospectively collected.ResultsPatients with diabetes in whom neuropathy developed had lower levels of platelet count (PLT) and plateletcrit (PCT) than healthy controls (P < 0.05). Statistically significant associations of low PLT and PCT levels with the reduction of summed amplitude/velocity Z‐score, and the prolongation of F‐wave minimum latency in nerve conduction studies were found. Furthermore, after multivariate adjustment, logistic regression analysis showed that low levels of PLT (odds ratio 2.268, 95% confidence interval 1.072–4.797; P < 0.05; PLT <226 vs PLT ≥226) and PCT (odds ratio 2.050, 95% confidence interval 1.001–4.201; P < 0.05; PCT <0.222 vs PCT ≥0.222) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were risk factors for the presence of DPN.ConclusionsLower PLT and PCT levels are closely associated with poorer peripheral nerve conduction functions and the presence of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which suggests that PLT and PCT might be potential biomarkers for showing DPN.
Vibrational playbacks and microscopy to study the signalling behaviour and female physiology of Philaenusspumarius
Authors: Avosani Sabina , Franceschi Pietro , Ciolli Marco , Verrastro Vincenzo , Mazzoni Valerio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius, vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, relies on vibrational communication to accomplish mating: the female calls to establish a duet with a male. A deeper knowledge of the species’ reproductive biology and behaviour would provide useful information for developing control techniques based on principles of ‘biotremology’, which studies the vibrational behaviour of animals. Playback tests were conducted on single females and male–female pairs of P. spumarius from June to October 2018, and the features of the recorded calling signals were analysed using a wavelet decomposition. Dissections were performed on females to evaluate the relationship between calling activity and ovarioles development. From August onwards, females started to emit calling signals and to develop ovarioles. Female calling activity, duration of their chirps and their responsiveness to mating increased as the season progressed, and they were correlated with ovarioles’ development and presence of mature eggs. Hence, the ovarian maturation represents a key factor in association with the development of the sexual behaviour of P. spumarius females. Conversely, males produced advertisement signals soon after adult eclosion in May, but these signals were not involved in the pair formation process. Mating was achieved only when males produced courtship signals in response to female calling signals and established with them vibrational duets starting from August. Here, we provide new information regarding the P. spumarius’ ethology and hypothesize that potential mating disruption techniques should consider the insect physiology and be applied when both sexes are responsive to mating signals.
Efficacy of dietary interventions in individuals with substance use disorders for illicit substances or illicit use of pharmaceutical substances: A systematic review
Authors: Whatnall Megan C. , Skinner Janelle , Pursey Kirrilly , Brain Katherine , Collins Rebecca , Hutchesson Melinda J. , Burrows Tracy L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisordered eating habits, poor dietary intake and nutritional status, and altered body composition are highly prevalent among individuals with substance use disorders. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary interventions in adults with substance use disorders for illicit substances or illicit use of pharmaceutical substances.MethodsEight scientific databases were searched using predetermined text word and subject heading (MeSH) searches for experimental studies published up to March 2020 that evaluated interventions aiming to improve dietary intake in adults with substance use disorders for illicit substances or illicit use of pharmaceutical substances, which included dietary intake outcomes.ResultsOf 9299 articles identified, five studies were included. Three studies (60%) were conducted in outpatient/community clinic settings and two studies (40%) were conducted in inpatient/residential treatment centres. Dietary interventions ranged in duration from 5 weeks to 24 months. These included education and behaviour change advice for nutrition and other lifestyle behaviours (n = 3 studies), nutrition education and provision of healthy food choices within the residential treatment centre (n = 1 study), and polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation (n = 1 study). Three studies (60%) reported small but significant change in one or more dietary outcome at post‐intervention, including reductions in sweets, fast food or caffeine intake, as well as increases in fruit and vegetable intake.ConclusionsThis review has identified a small number of studies, despite the strong evidence that dietary intervention is needed in substance use rehabilitation. More research is needed to determine the most effective intervention approaches for this group, including robust study designs.
Exploring the diversity of plant proteome
Authors: Chen Yanmei , Wang Yi , Yang Jun , Zhou Wenbin , Dai Shaojun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe tremendous functional, spatial, and temporal diversity of the plant proteome is regulated by multiple factors that continuously modify protein abundance, modifications, interactions, localization, and activity to meet the dynamic needs of plants. Dissecting the proteome complexity and its underlying genetic variation is attracting increasing research attention. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics has become a powerful approach in the global study of protein functions and their relationships on a systems level. Here, we review recent breakthroughs and strategies adopted to unravel the diversity of the proteome, with a specific focus on the methods used to analyze posttranslational modifications (PTMs), protein localization, and the organization of proteins into functional modules. We also consider PTM crosstalk and multiple PTMs temporally regulating the life cycle of proteins. Finally, we discuss recent quantitative studies using MS to measure protein turnover rates and examine future directions in the study of the plant proteome.