bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two decades of one health surveillance of Nipah virus in Thailand
Authors: Wacharapluesadee Supaporn , Ghai Siriporn , Duengkae Prateep , Manee-Orn Pattarapol , Thanapongtharm Weerapong , Saraya Abhinbhen W. , Yingsakmongkon Sangchai , Joyjinda Yutthana , Suradhat Sanipa , Ampoot Weenassarin , Nuansrichay Bundit , Kaewpom Thongchai , Tantilertcharoen Rachod , Rodpan Apaporn , Wongsathapornchai Kachen , Ponpinit Teerada , Buathong Rome , Bunprakob Saowalak , Damrongwatanapokin Sudarat , Ruchiseesarod Chanida , Petcharat Sininat , Kalpravidh Wantanee , Olival Kevin J. , Stokes Martha M. , Hemachudha Thiravat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Nipah virus (NiV) infection causes encephalitis and has > 75% mortality rate, making it a WHO priority pathogen due to its pandemic potential. There have been NiV outbreak(s) in Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, and southern Philippines. NiV naturally circulates among fruit bats of the genus Pteropus and has been detected widely across Southeast and South Asia. Both Malaysian and Bangladeshi NiV strains have been found in fruit bats in Thailand. This study summarizes 20 years of pre-emptive One Health surveillance of NiV in Thailand, including triangulated surveillance of bats, and humans and pigs in the vicinity of roosts inhabited by NiV-infected bats.

Methods
Samples were collected periodically and tested for NiV from bats, pigs and healthy human volunteers from Wat Luang village, Chonburi province, home to the biggest P. lylei roosts in Thailand, and other provinces since 2001. Archived cerebrospinal fluid specimens from encephalitis patients between 2001 and 2012 were also tested for NiV. NiV RNA was detected using nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NiV antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or multiplex microsphere immunoassay.

Results
NiV RNA (mainly Bangladesh strain) was detected every year in fruit bats by RT-PCR from 2002 to 2020. The whole genome sequence of NiV directly sequenced from bat urine in 2017 shared 99.17% identity to NiV from a Bangladeshi patient in 2004. No NiV-specific IgG antibodies or RNA have been found in healthy volunteers, encephalitis patients, or pigs to date. During the sample collection trips, 100 community members were trained on how to live safely with bats.

Conclusions
High identity shared between the NiV genome from Thai bats and the Bangladeshi patient highlights the outbreak potential of NiV in Thailand. Results from NiV cross-sectoral surveillance were conveyed to national authorities and villagers which led to preventive control measures, increased surveillance of pigs and humans in vicinity of known NiV-infected roosts, and increased vigilance and reduced risk behaviors at the community level. This proactive One Health approach to NiV surveillance is a success story; that increased collaboration between the human, animal, and wildlife sectors is imperative to staying ahead of a zoonotic disease outbreak.
The efficacy of transnasal palatal transillumination for the diagnosis of submucous cleft palate
Authors: Jamal Yasir S. , Moshref Sabah S. , Baamir Abeer M. , Kurdi Mazin O. , Jamal Doaa Y. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a congenital abnormality with various clinical and anatomical features. Submucous cleft pathologies may be unrecognized during routine examinations. Current diagnostic techniques are constrained and unrevealing in presurgical patients. This prospective study aimed to evaluate transnasal palatal transillumination technique in diagnosis of SMCP at our institute hospital, during period from 2005-2020.

Patients and methods
Twenty-one cases with SMCP were recruited with age range from 2-60 months. Transnasal palatal transillumination with controllable light intensity endoscope used to evaluate SMCP and cases were photo and video recorded.

Results
In this study, 21 cases (13 males and 8 females) with SMCP were detected or confirmed by intranasal transnasal palatal transillumination. Frequency of SMCP patients at our institute was 3.39%. All patients presented with symptomatic complaints at diagnosis time, apart from 5 patients (23.8%) were diagnosed during cleft lip repair operations. Presenting symptoms were hypernasality (23.8%), delayed speech (23.8%), perforated palate with nasal escape of milk and food (14.3%), feeding difficulties (14.3%), and otitis media (4.8%). During intra-oral examination, all cases had a bifid uvula accompanied SMCP. Submucous cleft palate appeared as thin palate with central lucency. According to operative findings, operations done for repair were mostly two long palatal flaps (n = 13, 61.9%), von Langenbeck (n = 5, 23.8%), simple repair with lateral release incisions (n = 2, 9.6%), and simple repair without lateral release incision (n = 1, 4.8%).

Conclusions
Intraoperative assessment of submucous cleft palate with transnasal palatal transillumination is easy and cheap method to avoid missing cases of SMCP.
Postnatal causes and severity of persistent pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Sohail , Adnan Mudasser , Anwar-ul-Haq Hafiz Muhammad , Zulqarnain Arif 
Published: July 2021

Background & Objective: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is described as severe respiratory failure along with hypoxaemia. PPHN is known to be linked with high morbidity and mortality around the world. This study was planned to determine the postnatal causes and assess the severity of persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn in babies presenting to the Children’s Hospital, Multan.
Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Children Hospital &Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan from July to December 2019. A total of 122 confirmed cases of PPHN admitted having gestational age above 34 weeks were enrolled. Demographic data of the newborns was recorded along with maternal medical history, pregnancy status and postnatal causes of PPHN. Severity of PPHN was also recorded.
Results: Out of a total of 122 cases of PPHN, 81 (66.3%) were male. Majority, 78 (64.0%) had gestational age above 37 weeks. Mode of delivery as cesarean section was noted in 70 (57.4%). Meconium aspiration syndrome 52 (42.6%), birth asphyxia 48 (39.3%), respiratory distress syndrome 23 (18.8%) and sepsis 33 (27.0%) were found to be the commonest causes of PPHN. Severe PPHN was found to be the most frequent, noted among 63 (51.6%) while Moderate PPHN was observed in 40 (32.8%) and Mild PPHN in 19 (15.6%). Morality was noted among 26 (21.3%) of cases.
Conclusion: Meconium aspiration syndrome, birth asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome were the commonest postnatal causes of PPHN. Severe PPHN was found to be the most frequent form of PPHN.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.2218
How to cite this:Arshad MS, Adnan M, Anwar-ul-Haq HM, Zulqarnain A. Postnatal causes and severity of persistent pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1387-1391. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.2218
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients in vitro
Authors: Ghori Fareeha Faizan , Wahid Mohsin 
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study aimed at the in vitro generation of DMD-cardiomyocytes from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a Pakistani patient for future work on DMD in vitro disease modeling and drug testing for efficacy and toxicity.
Methods: This in vitro experimental study was carried out from December 2018 to January 2019 at Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab (SCRML) at Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences (DRIBBS), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS) Urine derived DMD-iPSCs were used which had been generated previously from a Pakistani DMD patient who had been selected through non-random purposive sampling. These were differentiated towards cardiomyocytes using Cardiomyocytes Differentiation media having specified growth factors and then the molecular characterization of the differentiated cells was done using immunofluorescence.
Results: Pakistani patient’s DMD-Cardiomyocytes were generated and their identity was confirmed by positive immunofluorescence for the expression of cardiac markers NKX2-5 and TNNT-2.
Conclusion: This study aimed for in vitro generation of DMD cardiomyocytes for future application in disease modeling, new drug testing for efficacy and toxicity, as well as for drug-testing for tailored personalized therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time DMD-Cardiomyocytes were generated from Pakistani DMD patients using their own induced pluripotent stem cells.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3104
How to cite this:Ghori FF, Wahid M. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients in vitro. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1376-1381. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3104
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Radiological profile of patients undergoing Chest X-ray and computed tomography scans during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Khan Sohail Ahmed , Manohar Murli , Khan Maria , Asad Samita , Adil Syed Omair 
Published: July 2021

Background & Objective: Radiology has played a significant role in the diagnosis and quantifying the severity of COVID 19 pulmonary disease. This study was conducted to assess patterns and severity of COVID-19 pulmonary disease based on radiological imaging.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a large tertiary care public sector teaching hospital of Karachi, Pakistan from June 2020 till August 2020. All confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients referred for chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans were evaluated along with RT-PCR results. Suspected patients were followed for RT-PCR. Radiological features and severity of imaging studies were determined.
Results: Of 533 patients in whom X-rays were performed, majority had severe/critical findings, i.e., 304 (57.03%). Of 97 patients in whom CT scan was performed, mild/moderate findings were observed in 63 (64.94%) patients. Of 472 patients with abnormal X-rays, majority presented with alveolar pattern 459 (97.2%), bilateral lung involvement 453 (89.6%), and consolidation 356 (75.4%). Moreover, lobar predominance showed lower zone preponderance in 446 (94.5%) patients. Of 88 patients with abnormal CT findings, ground-glass opacity (GGO) 87 (98.9%) and crazy paving 69 (78.4%) were the most common findings. An insignificantly higher association of PCR positive cases was observed with severe/critical X-rays (p-value 0.076) and CT scan findings (p-value 0.431).
Conclusion: Most common patterns on CT scans were GGO and crazy paving. While on chest radiographs, bilateral lung involvement with alveolar pattern and consolidation were most common findings. On X-rays, majority had severe/critical whereas CT scan had mild/moderate findings.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4290
How to cite this:Khan SA, Manohar M, Khan M, Asad S, Adil SO. Radiological profile of patients undergoing Chest X-ray and computed tomography scans during COVID-19 outbreak. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1288-1294. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4290
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Analisis Pengelolaan Laboratorium IPA SMP Negeri 1 Sukodono Lumajang
Authors: Rifa'i Mochammad Ricky , Febriana Nur Intan , Azizah Fitri Ayu Nur , Salma Fira Fairuz , Mohammad Wildan Habibi  
Published: July 2021

Learning Science does not only require students to be proficient in theory, but also put the theory that has been learned into practice. One of the facilities or places to carry out a practicum activity is a laboratory. In laboratory procurement, of course, there are elements of laboratory management and management that can show and provide an overview of activities related to the laboratory, so that in this case all activities will be more structured and laboratory use will run smoothly. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the laboratory management at SMP Negeri 1 Sukodono Lumajang. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection in the form of interviews and documentation. The results showed that the school had 2 laboratories that were close to each other, supported by complete tools and materials, flexible laboratory usage schedules, the source of funds came from BOS funds, there was an SOP. However, management is considered to be less than optimal, due to the absence of laboratory assistants and technicians in managing the laboratory, thus making science teachers all concurrent. The expectations of students and teachers in laboratory management are even better in terms of management and maintenance so that practicum activities will run effectively and efficiently.
Abstrak: Pembelajaran IPA tidak hanya mewajibkan siswa untuk mahir dalam teori, tetapi juga untuk mempraktikkan teori yang telah dipelajari. Salah satu fasilitas atau tempat untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan praktikum yaitu laboratorium. Dalam pengadaan laboratorium pastinya ada unsur pengelolaan dan manajemen laboratorium yang dapat menunjukkan dan memberikan suatu gambaran kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan laboratorium, sehingga dalam hal ini semua kegiatan akan lebih terstuktrur dan penggunaan laboratorium akan berjalan dengan lancar. Tujuan penulisan ini yaitu untuk memahami bagaimana pengelolaan laboratorium di SMP Negeri 1 Sukodono Lumajang. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian deksriptif kualitiatif dengan pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah tesebut memiliki 2 laboratorium yang saling berdekatan, didukung dengan alat dan bahan yang lengkap, jadwal pemakaian laboratorium yang fleksibel, sumber dana berasal dari dana BOS, terdapat SOP. Namun pengelolaan dinilai kurang maksimal, dikarenakan tidak adanya laboran dan teknisi dalam mengelola laboratorium, sehingga membuat guru IPA merangkap semuanya. Harapan dari siswa dan guru dalam pengelolaan laboratorium lebih baik lagi dalam hal pengelolaan dan perawatannya, sehingga kegiatan praktikum akan berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien.
Peran Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Sistem Reproduksi
Authors: Billik Agsen Hosanty Susana 
Published: July 2021

Biology learning is designed to provide opportunities for students to be able to solve problems in everyday life. Therefore, a learning model is needed that can construct students' knowledge in order to be able to solve problems. This study aims to examine the effect of the Problem-based Learning (PBL) learning model assisted by audio-visual media on the problem-solving ability of the reproductive system material at Efata Soe High School. This research is an experimental research design (Quasi-Experimental Non-equivalent control design) with pre-test and post-test patterns. The sampling technique used was random sampling involving classes X1 and X2 as the experimental class 1, 2, and class X3 as the control class. The results of the Posthoc test with LSD found that the problem-solving ability of the audio-visual-assisted PBL experimental class and the PBL class with practicum had a sig value, 0.000> 0.05 with the conclusion that the two classes' solving abilities were not different. Meanwhile, the problem-solving ability of the experimental class 1, 2 with the control class has a sig value. 0.840 <0.05, so it can be concluded that the problem-solving abilities of the experimental class and the control class are different, this is supported by the Difference post-test scores in three classes, namely in the experimental class 1 and 2 with a value of 82.3 and 81.4 while in the control class with a value of 65.97.
Abstrak: Pembelajaran biologi dirancang untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mampu memecahkan masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. oleh karena itu dibutuhkan model pembelajaran yang dapat menkonstruksikan pengetahuan siswa agar mampu memecahkan masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem-based Learning (PBL) berbantuan media audio visual terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada materi sistem reproduksi di SMA Efata Soe. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen rancangan (Quasi Experimental Non-equivalent control design) dengan pola Pre-test dan Post-test. Teknik Pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling yang melibatkan kelas X1 dan X2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1, 2 dan kelas X3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil uji Posthoc dengan LSD ditemukan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah kelas experimen PBL berbantuan audio visual dan kelas PBL dengan praktikum memiliki nilai sig, 0,000>0,05 dengan kesimpulan kemampuan pemecahan kedua kelas tersebut tidak berbeda. Sedangkan, kemampuan pemecahan masalah kelas experiment 1, 2 dengan kelas kontrol mempunyai nilai sig. 0,840<0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah kelas experiment dan kelas kontrol berbeda hal ini didukung dengan nilai post-test pada ke tiga kelas tersebut berbeda yaitu pada kelas eksperimen 1 dan 2 dengan nilai 82,3 dan 81,4 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol dengan nilai 65,97.
Analisis Standarisasi Sarana, Prasarana dan Tenaga Laboratorium IPA MTs Negeri 8 Jember
Authors: Rivo Alfarizi Kurniawan  
Published: July 2021

Online learning at MTs Negeri 8 Jember makes science practicum rarely done in the laboratory so that the laboratory is neglected which causes some tools to be damaged and lost. In addition, the lack of facilities and infrastructure, and laboratory personnel at MTs Negeri 8 Jember is also one of the problems that exist in MTs Negeri 8 Jember. The purpose of this study is to assess the standardization of facilities and infrastructure as well as the science laboratory staff at MTs Negeri 8 Jember. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews. The results show that 75% of the facilities and infrastructures in the MTs Negeri 8 Jember laboratory were available due to missing and damaged practicum tools. Meanwhile, the laboratory staff at MTs Negeri 8 Jember only has ahead of the laboratory, while the laboratory staff and technicians are replaced by the head of the laboratory and the science teacher. The solution to overcome these obstacles, the principal with the school committee, and the laboratory are working together to propose laboratory needs in the form of equipment and materials as well as laboratory personnel.
Abstrak: Pembelajaran daring di MTs Negeri 8 Jember membuat praktikum IPA jarang dilakukan di laboratorium, sehingga laboratorium terbengkalai yang menyebabkan sebagian alat rusak dan hilang. Selain itu kurangnya sarana dan prasarana dan tenaga laboratorium di MTs Negeri 8 Jember juga menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang ada di MTs Negeri 8 Jember. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji standarisasi sarana dan prasarana serta tenaga Laboratorium IPA di MTs Negeri 8 Jember. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sarana dan prasarana yang ada di laboratorium MTs Negeri 8 Jember tersedia sekitar 75 % disebabkan karena beberapa alat praktikum hilang dan rusak. Sedangkan untuk tenaga laboratorium di MTs Negeri 8 Jember hanya memiliki kepala laboratorium sedangkan tugas laboran serta teknisi di gantikan oleh kepala laboratorium dan guru IPA. Solusi untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut kepala sekolah bersama komite sekolah dan pihak laboratorium berkerja sama untuk mengajukan kebutuhan laboratorium baik berupa alat dan bahan serta tenaga laboratorium.
The laboratory in the multidisciplinary diagnosis of differences or disorders of sex development (DSD)
Authors: Granada Maria Luisa , Audí Laura 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
46,XY differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) involve an abnormal gonadal and/or genital (external and/or internal) development caused by lack or incomplete intrauterine virilization, with or without the presence of Müllerian ducts remnants.

Content
Useful biochemical markers for differential diagnosis of 46,XY DSD include hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormones such as luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones (LH and FSH; in baseline or after LHRH stimulation conditions), the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, insulin-like 3 (INSL3), adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones (including cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone and their precursors, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol) and the pituitary ACTH hormone. Steroid hormones are measured at baseline or after stimulation with ACTH (adrenal hormones) and/or with HCG (gonadal hormones).

Summary
Different patterns of hormone profiles depend on the etiology and the severity of the underlying disorder and the age of the patient at diagnosis. Molecular diagnosis includes detection of gene dosage or copy number variations, analysis of candidate genes or high-throughput DNA sequencing of panels of candidate genes or the whole exome or genome.

Outlook
Differential diagnosis of 46,XX or 46,XY DSD requires a multidisciplinary approach, including patient history and clinical, morphological, imaging, biochemical and genetic data. We propose a diagnostic algorithm suitable for a newborn with DSD that focuses mainly on biochemical and genetic data.
Positive solutions for (p, q)-equations with convection and a sign-changing reaction
Authors: Zeng Shengda , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the (p, q)-Laplacian and with a reaction which is dependent on the gradient. We look for positive solutions and we do not assume that the reaction is nonnegative. Using a mixture of variational and topological methods (the "frozen variable" technique), we prove the existence of a positive smooth solution.
Accelerating laser processes with a smart two-dimensional polygon mirror scanner for ultra-fast beam deflection
Authors: Roessler Florian , Streek André 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In laser processing, the possible throughput is directly scaling with the available average laser power. To avoid unwanted thermal damage due to high pulse energy or heat accumulation during MHz-repetition rates, energy distribution over the workpiece is required. Polygon mirror scanners enable high deflection speeds and thus, a proper energy distribution within a short processing time. The requirements of laser micro processing with up to 10 kW average laser powers and high scan speeds up to 1000 m/s result in a 30 mm aperture two-dimensional polygon mirror scanner with a patented low-distortion mirror configuration. In combination with a field programmable gate array-based real-time logic, position-true high-accuracy laser switching is enabled for 2D, 2.5D, or 3D laser processing capable to drill holes in multi-pass ablation or engraving. A special developed real-time shifter module within the high-speed logic allows, in combination with external axis, the material processing on the fly and hence, processing of workpieces much larger than the scan field.