bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Toxicity Following Topical Application of Anesthetic Cream to the Eyelid Skin
Authors: Cohen Robyn G , Hartstein Morris , Ladav Moshe , Woog John J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The use of topical anesthetic cream in the periorbital region may be of clinical value. The potential for toxic effects from such use has not been studied in a controlled manner.* This study was performed to evaluate the potential ocular toxicity of anesthetic cream topically applied to the eyelid in an animal model.* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten rabbits underwent periorbital eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) application and were observed for evidence of gross or microscopic ocular toxicity. Baseline external and anterior segment examinations were performed, including biomicroscopy and fluorescein staining, after which a standard quantity of EMLA cream (0.75 g) was applied along the upper eyelid and covered with an occlusive dressing. After 1 hour of treatment, the eyelid and anterior segment were examined for evidence of adverse reaction. The eyelids were excised and examined histopathologically.* RESULTS: No significant adverse effects were noted on external lid and anterior segment examination. The histopathologic findings were within normal limits.* CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that external application of EMLA cream to the eyelid does not induce local toxicity in the rabbit model. The external application of EMLA cream may be safe in the periorbital region.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:374-377.]
The Effects of Subconjunctival Verapamil on Filtering Blebs in Rabbits
Authors: Gupta Balaji , Agarwala Ajay , Moy John J , Edward Deepak P 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Verapamil is a calcium antagonist that has been shown to modulate wound healing through multiple mechanisms. The wound modulating effects of verapamil were studied in a rabbit model of filtering surgery.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty New Zealand albino rabbits underwent a fistulizing procedure, with either verapamil or saline injected subconjunctivally daily for 6 days following surgery. The animals were sacrificed at 20 days after the fistulizing procedure. The effectiveness of verapamil in modulating wound healing was evaluated by bleb patency testing, histology, measurement of scar thickness, and counts of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) -labeled cells at the sclerostomy site.
* RESULTS: The group treated with verapamil had a 44% patency rate compared with 10% in the control group (P < .05), a mean scar thickness of 1 95.96 ± 68 µ,p? compared with 313.55 ± 1 10.4 µ-rn in the control group (P < .02), and a mean BrdU-labeled cell count of 15.5 ± 14.7 compared with 26.3 ± 17.0 in the control group (P= .002).
* CONCLUSION: Verapamil was effective in reducing scar formation at the sclerostomy site. At the doses administered, verapamil appeared to modulate wound healing in filtering blebs in the rabbit model. Further studies are needed to determine the dose-response and the efficacy of the drug in nonhuman primates.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:378-383.]
Use of Oversized Bandage Soft Contact Lenses in the Management of Early Hypotony Following Filtration Surgery
Authors: Smith M Fran , Doyle J William 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Initial overdrainage following filtration surgery can be frustrating to manage. The authors reviewed the records of 10 patients with early postoperative hypotony following filtration surgery who were treated with application of an oversized 17.0-mm bandage soft contact lens (BSCL).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nine eyes had undergone trafaeculectomy with either mitomycin-C or 5-fluorouracil intraoperative application, and one eye had undergone tenonectomy 4 years following trabeculectomy. On postoperative day 1, seven eyes were hypotonous, and three other eyes became hypotonous following suture removal or lysis. An oversized 17.0-mm BSCL was placed immediately following the diagnosis of hypotony on all eyes except one, which had the BSCL applied after 24 hours of observation.
* RESULTS: In 9 of 10 cases intraocular pressure rose 5 to 12 mm Hg foUowing placement of the BSCL. During a 6- to 18-month follow-up, all successfully treated eyes had final intraocular pressures of 5 to 11 mm Hg, with extensive low to moderate height blebs.
* CONCLUSION: Oversized BSCLs can be a useful tool in the management of early hypotony following filtration surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:417-421.]
The Use and Costs of Physician Services for Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures in 1988 and 1991
Authors: Javitt Jonathan C , Wang Fang , McBean A Marshall , Wang Qin , Metrick Sara , Glaser Stephen 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To examine the change in volume and costs of physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures associated with physician fee cuts.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors analyzed the physician claims (Part B) data for a 5% random sample of the Medicare population. Number, rate, average allowed charge, and total cost of physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures were compared for 1988 and 1991.
* RESULTS: An estimated 3.1 million (98 per 1000) ophthalmic surgical procedures were performed on Medicare beneficiaries in 1991, compared with 2.3 million (76 per 1000) in 1988. There was a 35% increase in number and a 28% increase in rate. The average allowed charge for these services decreased by 26% ($1155 vs $852 per procedure), with an overall cost of $2.6 billion in both years.
* CONCLUSION: A reduction in fee for physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures from 1988 to 1991 was associated with an increase in the volume of the services. The overall costs of physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures remained consistent between the two years.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:575-582.]
Progressive Increase in the Quantity of Deviation in Congenital Esotropia
Authors: Ing Malcolm R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It was the author's clinical impression that many individuals with congenital esotropia demonstrated an increase in the quantity of deviation measured over time. The present study statistically examines the prevalence and quantity of increase in the amount of deviation measured for a consecutive series of patients with congenital esotropia prior to surgical alignment.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients treated during a 5-year period. Data were recorded for the initial and final measurements of the strabismus and the initial and final surgical plans prior to surgery. Also recorded were the age at surgery, length of observation before surgery, refraction, use of patching, and initial motor alignment outcome.
* RESULTS: Approximately 50% of 41 patients showed an average increase of 20 prism diopters (PD) in the quantity of the deviation when they were observed for an average of 3 months. The age at initial measurement, age at surgery, length of observation prior to surgery, refraction, or use of patching could not be used to identify patients with the increase in the amount of strabismus. However, in cases where the final surgical plan was based on the measurements made the day before surgery, 90% of the patients showed an initial surgical alignment to within 10 PD or orthotropia by 6 weeks postoperatively.
* CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that a significant increase in the amount of preoperative deviation is very prevalent in patients being observed for congenital esotropia. This finding suggests that the timing of preoperative measurements is very important, and that the data collected close to the date of surgery are the most important with which to plan surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:612-617-]
Combined Subretinal and Sub-Retinal Pigment Epithelium Neovascular Membranes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Clinicopathologic Study of Six Cases
Authors: Mietz Holger , Merrill Pauline T , Lambert H Michael , Font Ramon L 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Subfoveal neovascular membranes are usually located either in the subsensory retinal space or below the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This article describes the clinical and histopathologic features of subfoveal membranes with both subretinal and sub-RPE components (combined membranes).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six surgically excised subfoveal neovascular membranes from six patients were examined histopathologically. Preoperative and postoperative clinical information was obtained from each patient.
* RESULTS: Clinically, the combined membranes had no special characteristic features. The most common fluorescein angiographic finding postoperatively was a window defect of the RPE. Visual acuity improved in three patients and became worse in the other three patients.
* CONCLUSIONS: All patients with combined subfoveal neovascular membranes had age-related macular degeneration. In this disease, a single subfoveal membrane may extend into both the subretinal and the sub-RPE spaces. Patients may benefit from surgical removal of the membrane.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:645-652.]
Topical Mitomycin-C for Pterygia: Is Single Application Appropriate?
Authors: Rubinfeld Roy S , Stein Raymond M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mitomycin-C has been shown to dramatically reduce pterygium recurrence rates; however, its use has been associated with serious complications, especially in higher cumulative doses. The authors investigated the safety and efficacy of progressively reducing dosages of mitomycin-C as an adjunct to pterygium surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred eighty-one consecutive primary and recurrent pterygia were surgically excised in a prospective nonrandomized trial using five different mitomycin-C dosages. Recurrence was defined as fibrovascular tissue over the corneoscleral limbus onto clear cornea in the area of previous pterygium excision.
* RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients in a control group without mitomycin-C had a recurrence rate of 65% with a mean follow-up of 33 months. A group of 77 patients treated with 0.4 mg/ml of mitomycin-C, four times per day for 2 weeks, had a recurrence rate of 2.5% with 6 (10%) serious complications (mean follow-up 34 months). A group of 22 patients treated with 0.2 mg/ml of mitomycin-C, four times per day for 10 days, had a recurrence rate of 55% with 3 (7.3%) non-vision-threatening complications (mean follow-up 32 months). A group of 16 patients treated with 0.2 mg/ml of mitomycin-C intraoperatively for 3 minutes without conjunctival closure had a recurrence rate of 44% with no complications (mean follow-up 35 months). Finally, a group of 289 patients treated with 0.2 mg/ml of mitomycin-C intraoperatively for 3 minutes with conjunctival closure had a recurrence rate of 2.7% and no complications (mean follow-up 26 months).
* CONCLUSION: Although the authors' results with single application are encouraging, the use of mitomycin for pterygia remains controversial. The biologic potency of this agent, the duration of its action, and the dearth of large-scale controlled, randomized trials demand cautious individual judgment by the surgeon when considering the use of this potent drug.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:662-669.]
Silicone Versus Polymethylmethacrylate Intraocular Lenses With Regard to Capsular Opacification
Authors: Olson Randall J , Crandall Alan S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted a 3-year randomized trial to compare silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOLs, to determine any differences in laser capsulotomy rates, capsular opacification light scatter, and subjective scoring.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 119 patients were enrolled, 84 of whom were examined at 3 years. The authors designed a prospective, masked, and randomized trial to compare the objective (lens opacity meter), subjective (slit-lamp scoring), and clinical parameters of the posterior capsular opacification (PCO) of these patients.
* RESULTS: The silicone group had less PCO than the PMMA group, according to objective (8.6% vs. 10.4%; P= .02, Student's t test) and subjective scoring (0.88 vs. 1.79; P= .0001, Students t test). The laser capsulotomy rate was 24% for the silicone group and 33% for the PMMA group; however, this difference was not statistically significant.
* CONCLUSION: The silicone IOL was associated with less PCO than the PMMA IOL.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:55-58.]
Outcomes of Vitreoretinal Surgery in Patients With X-Linked Retinoschisis
Authors: Rosenfeld Philip J , Flynn Harry W , McDonald H Richard , Rubsamen Patrick E , Smiddy William E , Sipperley Jack O , Boniuk Isaac , Packer Andrew J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery in the treatment of vision-threatening posterior segment complications of X-linked retinoschisis.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 16 eyes from 11 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery. All the patients had a documented positive family history of X-linked retinoschisis, and all patients had bilateral macular disease.
* RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged from 14 months to 37 years (mean age 15.1 years; median age 11.5 years), and postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 months to 10 years (mean 2.8 years; median 1 year). The indications for surgical intervention included rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (12 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (2 eyes), progression of the schisis cavity through the fovea (2 eyes), cataract associated with a persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous-like condition (2 eyes), and exudative maculopathy (1 eye). The primary surgical intervention included pars plana vitrectomy alone (7 eyes), pars plana vitrectomy and pars plana lensectomy (4 eyes), and a scleral buckle procedure alone (5 eyes). Surgical success (defined as reattachment of the retina, removal of media opacities, or arrest of schisis progression) was achieved in 14 of 16 eyes, after an average of 1 .2 procedures per eye. The major reason for reoperations was recurrent retinal detachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Two eyes were eventually enucleated due to pain associated with neovascuiar glaucoma resulting from recurrent retinal detachment. Of the remaining 14 eyes, visual acuity improved in 8 eyes and remained unchanged in 6 eyes.
* CONCLUSION: Vitreoretinal surgery is often helpful in stabilizing or improving visual function in patients with posterior segment complications from X-linked retinoschisis.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:190-197.]
The Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis Syndrome: Successful Treatment With Combination Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Ciulla Thomas A , Rutledge Bryan K , Morley Michael G , Duker Jay S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess a two-drug combination of antiviral therapy for the progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome (PORN), given the current poor outcome with acyclovir alone.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on six consecutive patients who were diagnosed with PORN and were treated with various combinations of intravenous or oral plus intravenous antiviral therapy. The relative efficacies of these modalities were compared.
* RESULTS: Six eyes of six patients showed active retinitis at the time of presentation. Three patients had unilateral retinitis, and the remaining patients had necrotic, end-stage disease in their fellow eye. All the patients were treated with combination therapy, consisting of either ganciclovir and acyclovir (three patients), foscarnet and ganciclovir (two patients), or foscarnet and acyclovir (one patient). Standard induction doses were employed. During the combination therapy, all six eyes showed resolution of the retinitis, manifested by complete fading of the original retinal lesions and an absence of new lesion formation. At the final follow-up, the areas of prior active retinitis had resolved and remained quiescent. A mild recurrence developed in one eye when ganciclovir and foscarnet were both tapered to a single daily dose. This recurrence promptly resolved with reinduction (twice daily) dosing. Two patients maintained a visual acuity of 20/50 or better in their involved eye for the duration of follow-up (38 and 27 weeks, respectively). One patient maintained a visual acuity of 20/40 for 14 weeks. The remaining three patients had maculaoff retinal detachments despite resolution of active retinitis. In addition, for the duration of follow-up, one of the three patients with unilateral disease had retinitis in the uninvolved eye; all three uninvolved fellow eyes maintained a visual acuity of 20/20. One patient had progressive optic atrophy.
* CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged combination antiviral therapy for PORN may successfully arrest the progression of retinitis, maintain remission, and prevent involvement of the fellow eye. Furthermore, if aggressive therapy is begun early, good vision may be preserved.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:198-206.]
The Course of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Following Bilateral Cataract Surgery
Authors: Pollack Ayala , Bukelman Amir , Zalish Miriam , Leiba Hana , Oliver Moshe 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) following cataract surgery has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an uneventful postoperative maculopathic course in one eye (the first eye) may predict a similar prognosis for the fellow eye (the second eye).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with bilateral, similar, early AMD (defined by the presence of drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities on fundal examinations and by the absence of late leakage as documented by fluorescein angiography) who had undergone unilateral cataract surgery, had had a stable postoperative maculopathic course following the first operation, and were scheduled for cataract surgery in the second eye were prospectively observed for at least 1 year after the second operation. The course of maculopathy of the second eye was compared with that of the first eye during the followup period of the second eye.
* RESULTS: A total of 9 of the second eyes (27.2%) showed progression to wet AMD. Of these, 1 patient (3%) had progression in both eyes and 8 patients (24.2%) had progression in the second eye only. The conditions of 2 of the first operated on eyes (6.1%) deteriorated (P < .05). Hypertension (P < .05), soft drusen (P < .01), and Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy (P < .05) were risk factors for development of wet AMD.
* CONCLUSION: In this study, 24.2% of the patients with early AMD who underwent bilateral cataract surgery and had an uneventful maculopathic course in the first eye had wet AMD in the second eye. Thus, patients with early AMD and soft drusen undergoing bilateral cataract surgery should be monitored for early detection of progression of maculopathy. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the course of maculopathy following cataract surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:286-294.]
The Effects of RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) Peptides on Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Rabbits
Authors: Avila Marcel , Ortiz Gabriel , Lozano Jose M , Franco Pedro , de Pérez Gloria , Patarroyo Manuel E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Integrins are the main mediators of the interaction between fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) during scar formation. The adhesion motive RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) is contained in the ECM and is recognized by the integrin receptor. Soluble peptides containing the RGD sequence can compete with -RGD- contained in the ECM for binding to the integrin receptor and thus prevent cell adhesion and scar formation.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The peptides RGD (p602), GRGDSP (p603), GRGDSPCA (p604), and GGRGDSPCA (p605) were used in 25 glaucoma filtering surgeries in rabbits (five eyes per peptide and five with saline).
* RESULTS: Postoperative subconjunctival injections of peptides were given at days 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16. Bleb size, bleb survival, and signs of toxicity were examined. The GRGDSPCA and GGRGDSPCA showed an increase in bleb formation, size, and survival with no clinical signs of toxicity compared with controls (P < .008). Histopathologic evaluation confirmed inhibitory effects in scar formation with bleb formation, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that there was no toxicity to the ciliary body.
* CONCLUSION: These peptides were effective in controlling scar formation in glaucoma filtering surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:309-317.]
In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Capsular Tension Ring for Managing Zonular Dialysis in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sun Ran , Gimbel Howard V 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In vitro evaluation of the capsular tension ring for managing zonular dialysis in cataract surgery.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pig and cadaver eye models were used in this study. Lens material was removed with phacoemulsification, then the zonules were cut in one quadrant of the meridian to induce capsular bag decentration. Posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs) were implanted into the bag with or without the tension rings. The IOL and the tension ring positions were viewed using the Miyaki technique. PC IOLs were also implanted into isolated capsular bags with or without tension rings, and bag configuration was examined.
* RESULTS: The IOL decentration was observed when the IOLs were implanted into the eyes without zonular support in one quadrant of the meridian. No IOL decentration was observed when the tension ring and the IOL were implanted together. When only the IOLs were inserted into the isolated bags they became oval, whereas the circular bags were preserved when both the IOL and the tension ring were placed in-the-bag.
* CONCLUSION: The authors' in vitro model demonstrated that the capsular tension ring maintained the circular contour of the capsular bag and IOL centration in the eyes with broken zonules. The results suggest that capsular tension rings may provide an alternative means to manage zonular dialysis during phacoemulsification and PC IOL implantation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:502-505.]
A Randomized Double-Masked Trial Comparing Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.5%, Diclofenac Sodium 0.1%, and Prednisolone Acetate 1% in Reducing Post-Phacoemulsification Flare and Cells
Authors: El-Harazi Sherif M , Ruiz Richard S , Feldman Robert M , Villanueva Guillermina , Chuang Alice Z 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5%, diclofenac sodium 0.1%, and prednisolone acetate 1% in reducing flare and cells following cataract surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients undergoing phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were randomly selected to receive either ketorolac tromethamine 0.5%, diclofenac sodium 0.1%, or prednisolone acetate 1 % following surgery. The treatment regimen was 1 drop 4 times a day for 1 week, then twice a day for the next 3 weeks. Flare, cells, and intraocular pressures (IOPs) were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 7, and 28.
* RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in either actual flare or cell counts or in change in flare or cell counts from baseline were detected among the three groups. No statistically significant differences in IOP or in change of IOP from preoperative measurements were detected. No medication-related complications were noted at any time.
* CONCLUSION: Ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and diclofenac sodium 0. 1% may be as effective and as safe as prednisolone acetate 1% in controlling inflammation following cataract extraction.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:539-544.]