bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From scientific experiments to innovation: Impact pathways of a Synchrotron Light Facility
Authors: Catalano Gelsomina , López Gaston García , Sánchez Alejandro , Vignetti Silvia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch infrastructures are commonly used by scientific and industrial communities to conduct research and experiments which translate in the creation of new knowledge. This knowledge may generate different outcomes (e.g., publications, patents) and find applications in different sectors and domains, ultimately triggering innovation developments. However, the pathway from knowledge creation to innovation is complex: it is split among different players, from the scientific community to industrial actors (even those not directly involved in the experiments) and may take time and significant investments.The objective of this paper is to assess innovation impacts arising from a Research Infrastructure and specifically tracing and describing the pathways according to which these impacts may materialize. The example used is the ALBA Synchrotron Light source facility located in Barcelona and in operation since 2012.The paper builds on the evidence collected through two surveys to direct and indirect users of ALBA (overall 384 questionnaires collected), in‐depth interviews as well as an analysis of patents’ citations. It draws from a pilot exercise carried out in the framework of the Horizon 2020 Ri‐Paths project. It contributes to the broader discussion on the socio‐economic impact assessment of Research Infrastructures and relevant methodologies and metrics.
Explaining the concept of oral health literacy: Findings from an exploratory study
Authors: Safari‐Moradabadi Ali , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Ramezankhani Ali , Ghaffari Mohtasham 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesIdentifying those with inadequate oral health literacy is difficult because little is known about its various multiple dimensions. Accordingly, the present research investigated dimensions of the concept using a qualitative approach.MethodParticipants (n = 15) who met inclusion criteria (Including having expertise in the fields of general dental, social dental, and health education and health promotion and having at least 5 years of relevant working experience) were recruited by purposive sampling via the public health and dentistry faculty in Tehran between December 2018 and October 2019. Thematic analysis was used to assess the data.ResultsA total of 15 specialists (ranging in age from 28 to 61, mean 44) were included in the study. Their working experience averaged 15.5 years (SD = 7.7, Min = 6, Max = 30). Independent analysis of qualitative data by three researchers led to identification of seven themes and 18 sub‐categories, including need perception (feeling the need and paying attention to meeting the need), emotional literacy (valuation of oral health, formation of personality and taking care of oral health), planning literacy (planning and goal‐orientation), communicative literacy (choice in decision‐making, interpersonal communication skill and claiming), behavioural literacy (self‐care), cognitive literacy (knowledge, information comprehension, information use, and information analysis) and media literacy (the ability to use up‐to‐date technologies, the ability to search for and acquire the information, and judgment).ConclusionsOur findings provide insights into the dimensions of oral health literacy. It is hoped that these findings can be used to guide the development of interventions on OHL and that aspects of the concept can help to enhance levels of OHL and help to promote health at societal level.
Association between nasal and nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in early life and eczema phenotypes
Authors: Hu Chen , Duijts Liesbeth , van Meel Evelien R. , Looman Kirsten I. M. , Kiefte‐de Jong Jessica C. , Pardo Luba M. , Hijnen DirkJan , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. A. , de Jongste Johan C. , Moll Henriette A. , Nijsten Tamar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn association has been reported between early life Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and higher risk of childhood eczema, but it is unclear whether this relationship is causal and associations with other bacterial species are unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of early life nasal and nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage with eczema phenotypes, and the direction of any associations identified.MethodsAmong 996 subjects of a population‐based prospective cohort study, nasal swabs for Staphylococcus aureus, and nasopharyngeal swabs for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae were collected and cultured from age 6 weeks to 6 years. Never, early, mid‐, late transient and persistent eczema phenotypes were identified from parental‐reported physician‐diagnosed eczema from age 6 months until 10 years. Multinomial regression models and cross‐lagged models were applied.ResultsStaphylococcus aureus nasal carriage at 6 months was associated with an increased risk of early transient and persistent eczema (OR (95% CI): 2.69 (1.34, 5.39) and 4.17 (1.12, 15.51)). The associations between Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and eczema were mostly cross‐sectional, and not longitudinal. No associations of Staphylococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenza nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage with eczema and eczema phenotypes were observed (OR range (95% CI): 0.71 (0.35, 1.44) to 1.77 (0.84, 3.73)).ConclusionsEarly life Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage, but not Staphylococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenza nasopharyngeal carriage, was associated with early transient and persistent eczema. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and eczema were mostly cross‐sectionally associated, and not longitudinally, making a causal relationship in either direction unlikely.
Altered distributions in circulating follicular helper and follicular regulatory T cells accountable for imbalanced cytokine production in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Haque R , Kim Y , Park K , Jang H , Kim S Y , Lee H , Kim H J 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Follicular T helper (Tfh) and regulatory (Tfr) cells are distinct subsets of CD4+ T lymphocytes, regulating humoral immune responses in the germinal center. It is widely accepted that dysregulated Tfh and Tfr cells are associated with autoimmunity. In this study, we evaluated the frequencies of circulating chemokine receptor (CXCR)5+ programmed cell death 1 (PD-1+) Tfh (cTfh) and CXCR5+PD-1+forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+) CD25+ Tfr (cTfr) cells, and their corresponding cytokines from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 28 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Subsets of cTfh cells by Th1- and Th17-related surface markers (CXCR3 and CCR6) were also evaluated. We found that the frequency of cTfh cells was significantly higher in MS patients compared to that of HC. Conversely, the frequency of cTfr cells was lower in MS patients than that of HC. Interleukin (IL)-21-producing cTfh cells were significantly increased in MS patients, while IL-10-secreting cTfr cells were lower in MS patients compared to levels in HC. Among cTfh cells, cTfh17.1 cells were the major subtypes that were significantly increased in MS patients compared to HC, with the frequency of IL-21-secreting cells being the highest. These results suggest that an imbalanced distribution of cTfh and cTfr exist in MS patients, which contributes to the reciprocally altered IL-21 and IL-10 production.
Food security and Canada's agricultural system challenged by COVID‐19: One year later
Authors: Deaton B. James , Deaton Brady J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses the earlier projections made by the authors in March 2020 about the impact of COVID‐19 on Canada's food security. First, as measured in the early part of the second quarter of 2020, COVID‐19 is associated with an increased prevalence of household food insecurity as measured by Statistics Canada. Also, as we predicted, we did not observe a rapid general increase in food prices that would have suggested a breakdown in parts of the food system. In this regard, we now develop a general insight that we believe is worthy of ongoing consideration. Put simply, concerns expressed about food insecurity should not be seen as tantamount to a failure of our food supply system. Household income, for example, is an important part of the story. The converse is also true: the success of our food supply system as measured by its capacity to adapt to challenges like COVID‐19 or provide a variety of food at relatively low prices—while necessary, and (in our opinion) critical considerations—will not alone eliminate food insecurity in Canada. The oversimplified conflation of food insecurity concerns with the robustness of our food supply system does a disservice to ongoing efforts to address food insecurity as well as our capacity to assess and improve the Canadian food supply system.
Acute kidney injury post‐heart transplant: An analysis of peri‐operative risk factors
Authors: Jocher Brandon M. , Schilling Joel D. , Fischer Irene , Nakajima Tomohiro , Wan Fei , Tanaka Yuki , Ewald Gregory A. , Kutkar Kunal , Masood Muhammad , Itoh Akinobu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury is a common complication following heart transplantation, and the factors contributing to acute kidney injury are not well understood. We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients who underwent heart transplantation between 2009 and 2016 at a single institution. The primary endpoint was incidence of acute kidney injury as defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Secondary endpoints included 30‐day hospital readmission, 30‐day mortality, and 1‐year mortality. A total of 228 heart transplant patients were included in the study for analysis. In total, 145 (64%) developed acute kidney injury, where 43 (30%) were classified as stage I, 28 (19%) as stage II, and 74 (51%) as stage III. Risk factors found to be associated with the presence of acute kidney injury included increased use of vasopressors and inotropes post‐transplant. Protective factors included cardiopulmonary bypass time <170 min. Acute kidney injury was found to be associated with increased 30‐day and 1‐year mortality.
White matter microstructure of the neural emotion regulation circuitry in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: van der Horn Harm Jan , Mangina Namrata R. , Rakers Sandra E. , Kok Jelmer G. , Timmerman Marieke E. , Leemans Alexander , Spikman Jacoba M. , van der Naalt Joukje 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEmotion regulation is related to recovery after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This longitudinal tractography study examined white matter tracts subserving emotion regulation across the spectrum of mTBI, with a focus on persistent symptoms. Four groups were examined: (a) symptomatic (n = 33) and (b) asymptomatic (n = 20) patients with uncomplicated mTBI (i.e., no lesions on computed tomography [CT]), (c) patients with CT‐lesions in the frontal areas (n = 14), and (d) healthy controls (HC) (n = 20). Diffusion and conventional MRI were performed approximately 1‐ and 3‐months post‐injury. Whole‐brain deterministic tractography followed by region of interest analyses was used to identify forceps minor (FM), uncinate fasciculus (UF), and cingulum bundle as tracts of interest. An adjusted version of the ExploreDTI Atlas Based Tractography method was used to obtain reliable tracts for every subject. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, radial and axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD), and number of streamlines were studied per tract. Linear mixed models showed lower FA, and higher MD, and RD of the right UF in asymptomatic patients with uncomplicated mTBI relative to symptomatic patients and HC. Diffusion alterations were most pronounced in the group with frontal lesions on CT, particularly in the FM and UF; these effects increased over time. Within the group of patients with uncomplicated mTBI, there were no associations of diffusion measures with the number of symptoms nor with lesions on conventional MRI. In conclusion, mTBI can cause microstructural changes in emotion regulation tracts, however, no explanation was found for the presence of symptoms.
Sexual dimorphic effects of restraint stress on prefrontal cortical function are mediated by glucocorticoid receptor activation
Authors: Velli Angeliki , Iordanidou Chrysoula , Asimi Theodora , Vynichaki Maria‐Ioanna , Cholevas Anastasios , Mantouka Adamantia‐Iliana , Nassens Liesje , Chalkiadaki Kleanthi , Sidiropoulou Kyriaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStress, a major regulator and precipitating factor of cognitive and emotional disorders, differentially manifests between males and females. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the sexual dimorphic effects of acute restraint stress (RS) on males and females on the function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Adult male and female mice were subjected to RS or left in their home‐cage (NR), and then tested in the light‐dark test followed by the temporal order object recognition (TOR) task. Female mice exhibited increased anxiety‐like levels, whereas male mice only showed deficits in the TOR task. When the behavioural tests were conducted 24 hr following restraint stress (RS24), only the reduced performance in the TOR task in male mice persisted. In a different cohort, evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in layer II of acute PFC slices, immediately or 24 hr after RS. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) was significantly reduced in RS and RS24 male, but not female, compared with their respective NR group. LTP in PFC slices incubated with corticosterone showed significantly reduced LTP only in males. To determine whether glucocorticoid signalling is implicated in the RS‐induced behavioural effects, a different cohort of mice was administered mifepristone, a corticosterone receptor antagonist. Mifepristone administration 1 hr before RS prevented the effects of RS on the TOR task in males, but not anxiety. In conclusion, RS has differential effects on recency memory and anxiety, in males and females, which are partly mediated by the effects of corticosterone signalling on synaptic plasticity.
Social network analysis of small social groups: Application of a hurdle GLMM approach in the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota)
Authors: Panaccio Matteo , Ferrari Caterina , Bassano Bruno , Stanley Christina R. , von Hardenberg Achaz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial network analysis (SNA) has recently emerged as a fundamental tool to study animal behavior. While many studies have analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and behavior across large, complex animal populations, few have focused on species living in small groups due to limitations of the statistical methods currently employed. Some of the difficulties are often in comparing social structure across different sized groups and accounting for zero‐inflation generated by analyzing small social units. Here, we use a case study to highlight how Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) and hurdle models can overcome the issues inherent to study of social network metrics of groups that are small and variable in size. We applied this approach to study aggressive behavior in the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) using an eight‐year long dataset of behavioral interactions across 17 small family groups (7.4 ± 3.3 individuals). We analyzed the effect of individual and group‐level factors on aggression, including predictors frequently inferred in species with larger groups, as the closely related yellow‐bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris). Our approach included the use of hurdle GLMMs to analyze the zero‐inflated metrics that are typical of aggressive networks of small social groups. Additionally, our results confirmed previously reported effects of dominance and social status on aggression levels, thus supporting the efficacy of our approach. We found differences between males and females in terms of levels of aggression and on the roles occupied by each in agonistic networks that were not predicted in a socially monogamous species. Finally, we provide some perspectives on social network analysis as applied to small social groups to inform subsequent studies.
Fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy components manufactured by selective laser melting subjected to hot isostatic pressing and residual stress relief
Authors: Jesus J. S. , Borrego L. P. , Ferreira J. A. M. , Costa J. D. , Capela C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFatigue behavior (Rε = −1) of HIPed and stress relieved Ti6Al4V alloy specimens produced by selective laser melting (SLM) was analyzed and compared resulting that the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process caused a microstructural transformation decreasing the hardness and monotonic properties leading to cyclic softening that not allowed fatigue strength to increase. A bilinear behavior in the elastic strain–fatigue life curve was observed due to the decrease of the Young's modulus during the cyclic elastoplastic tests, consequence of subgrains formation. The Smith–Watson–Topper and total strain energy density models adjusted by the bilinear behavior showed a good concordance between predicted and experimental fatigue lives in notched samples.
Has the Crisis Introduced a New Paradigm in Banks' Credit Allocation? The Non‐financial Corporations' Perspective
Authors: Lopes Andresa , Oliveira Vítor , Ramos Ângelo , Silva Fátima 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the years prior to the onset of the global financial crisis, the sharp credit growth, in a context of optimistic income expectations, boosted by an increase in competition in the banking system, less restrictive lending criteria and favorable financing conditions in international wholesale debt market, led to a marked rise in the debt levels of non‐financial corporations. In this paper, we use a panel data regression, with fixed effect estimators, to study how the relationship between bank credit granted to each firm and a set of firm‐specific indicators, that measure overall balance sheet performance and riskiness, changed over the 2006–2017 period. The results suggest that, during and after the Portuguese sovereign debt crisis, the sensitivity of the bank credit granted to firms to overall balance sheet strength and riskiness of firms increased, except in the case of leverage, where the sensitivity decreased slightly. Nonetheless, banks on average lent more to lower leveraged firms than to higher leveraged firms throughout the period considered. The results also show that statistical significance slightly reduces with the size of the firm and, when compared with the pre‐crisis sub‐period, banks did not increase lending to higher leveraged large firms in the crisis and post‐crisis sub‐periods. Finally, we find that the most capitalized banks were the ones more willing and/or able to support firms, during the crisis, even firms that experienced a deterioration in their indicators.
Determining mental health literacy of undergraduate nursing students to inform learning and teaching strategies
Authors: Saito Amornrat S. , Creedy Debra K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is limited research on mental health literacy among undergraduate nursing students in Australia. Overseas studies indicate significant gaps in students’ knowledge and practice. The aims of this study were to (1) assess mental health literacy knowledge in undergraduate nursing students and compare these across year levels, and to (2) identify students’ learning needs about mental health literacy in practice. A convenience sample of 114 Bachelor of Nursing students studying at one Australian University completed the online survey. Results showed that third‐year students reported higher levels of mental health literacy compared to first‐ and second‐year students. Almost 40% of students felt they did not have sufficient understanding of mental health literacy for practice. Most respondents (66.7%) wanted more information on different types of mental illnesses, treatments, how to reduce mental health stigma, and how to care for and communicate with people with mental illness. Students identified that mental health first aid training should be compulsory for all nursing students. Mental health literacy is a crucial area to be addressed in undergraduate nursing education. Explicit content and skill development are required to improve students’ awareness of health literacy and inform their practice.
The experiences of mothers of children and young people with intellectual disabilities during the first COVID‐19 lockdown period
Authors: Rogers Gemma , Perez‐Olivas Gisela , Stenfert Kroese Biza , Patel Varsha , Murphy Glynis , Rose John , Cooper Vivien , Langdon Peter E. , Hiles Steve , Clifford Clair , Willner Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent COVID‐19 lockdown restrictions resulted in reduced access to educational, professional and social support systems for children with intellectual disabilities and their carers.AimThe aim of this study was to gain insight into the ways mothers of children with intellectual disabilities coped during the first 2020 lockdown period.MethodsEight mothers of children with intellectual disabilities were interviewed. The recordings of these interviews were subjected to a thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: carrying the burden; a time of stress; and embracing change and looking to the future.ConclusionsAll mothers experienced increased burden and stress. However, some also described some positive impact of lockdown conditions on them as well as on their child's well‐being and behaviour. These findings are discussed in the light of the (Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33, 2020, 1523) survey results on parental coping and suggestions for future service provision during pandemic conditions are proposed.
Real regulatory capital management and bank payouts: Evidence from available‐for‐sale securities
Authors: Fabrizi Michele , Ipino Elisabetta , Magnan Michel , Parbonetti Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether payout policies create incentives for banks to engage in cherry‐picking activities using available‐for‐sale (AfS) securities, otherwise known as gains trading. Such activities are more likely to arise in situations in which capital ratios would otherwise constrain banks’ ability to distribute resources to shareholders. Using a large sample comprising 766 unique US banks, we find a significant and positive association between total payout and realized gains on AfS securities for banks with low regulatory capital. This is consistent with the conjecture that capital‐constrained banks engage in gains trading to free up resources for dividend payments or share repurchases. When partitioning our sample, we find that capital‐constrained banks realize gains and losses on AfS securities only when it is costly to decrease the payout and when the monitoring level is weaker. Further analyses reveal that banks engaging in gains trading to distribute cash to shareholders exhibit significantly higher levels of future default risk and more negative extreme bank‐specific daily returns, patterns that are consistent with risk‐shifting. Finally, with the advent of Basel III, the practice seems to continue among banks that chose to retain prudential filters.