bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal Depressive Symptoms in Rwanda: Rates, Predictors, and Social Support
Authors: Umuziga Marie Providence , Gishoma Darius , Hynie Michaela , Nyirazinyoye Leatitia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPrevalence of perinatal depression is high in Rwanda and has been found to be associated with the quality of relationship with partners. This study extends this work to examine the relationship between antenatal depressive symptoms and social support across several relationships among women attending antenatal care services. Methods Structured survey interviews were conducted with 396 women attending antenatal care services in 4 health centers in the Southern Province of Rwanda. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS) were used to assess antenatal depressive symptoms and the level of support respectively. Socio-demographic and gestational information, pregnancy intentions, perceived general health status, and experience of violence were also collected. Univariate, bivariate analyses and a multivariate logistic regression model were performed to determine the relationship between social support and predictors of antenatal depressive symptoms. ResultsMore than half of respondents were married (55.1%) or living with a partner in a common-law relationship (28.5%). About a third (35.9%) were in their 6th month of pregnancy; the rest were in their third term. The prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms was 26.6% (EPDS ≥ 12). Bivariate analyses suggested that partner and peer support negatively predict depression level symptoms.Adjusting for confounding variables such as unwanted pregnancy (AOR: 0.415, CI: 0.221- 0.778), parity (AOR): 0.336, C.I: 0.113–1.000) and exposure to extremely stressful life events (Odds Ratio = 2.300, C.I. = 1.263–4.189), husband/partner support (AOR: 4.458, CI: 1.833- 10.842) was strongly significantly associated with antenatal depressive symptoms such that women reporting good support were less likely to report depression level symptoms than those reporting poor support or those with no partner. Peer support was no longer significant.Conclusion The study revealed that social support may be a strong protector against antenatal depressive symptoms but only support from the partner. This suggests that strengthening support to pregnant women may be a successful strategy for reducing the incidence or severity of maternal mental health problems, but more work is required to assess whether support from peers can compensate for absent or unsupportive partners.
Characterisation of Regional Human Meniscal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Wang Jingsong , Roberts Sally , Cui Zhanfeng , Zhang Weiguo , Wright Karina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The surgical treatment of meniscus injury has represented a clinical challenge for decades. Stimulating meniscus regeneration using transplanted meniscal progenitor cells has been suggested as a promising new strategy. However, there is a lack of studies which decisively identify and characterise progenitor cell populations in human meniscus tissues. Methods In this study, donor-matched progenitor cells were isolated via selective fibronectin adhesion from the avascular (PAvas) and vascular (PVas) regions of the meniscus and chondroprogenitors (PChs) from articular cartilage (n=5 donors). In addition, whole mixed populations of cells (MAvas, MVas, MChs) from the same regions were obtained by standard isolation techniques for comparison. The colony formation efficacy of PAvas, PVas and PChs was monitored using Cell-IQ® live cell imaging. Proliferation rates of progenitors were compared with their mixed population counterparts. Cell surface markers indicative of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) profile and progenitor markers were characterised by flow cytometry in all populations. The chondrogenic capacity was assessed via pellet culture assays and measuring chondrogenic gene expression levels, GAG/DNA content and morphology. Results All meniscal progenitor and chondroprogenitor populations showed colony forming capacity in monolayer culture, whereas mixed populations were distributed randomly at passage 0. PVas had significantly lower population doubling times compare to MVas and proliferated faster than PAvas and PChs based on colony forming efficacy. Progenitor populations showed significantly higher positivity for CD49b and CD49c compared to their mixed population counterparts and PChs had a higher positivity level of CD166 compared to mixed chondrocytes. Collagen types II and X expression was significantly downregulated in pellets formed by progenitor populations. GAG/DNA analysis demonstrated that progenitor cells generally produced more GAG than mixed populations. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the human meniscus contains meniscal progenitor populations in both the avascular and vascular regions. Meniscal progenitors derived from the vascular region exhibit enhanced proliferative and chondrogenic characteristics compared to those from the avascular region; this may associate with the enhanced meniscal healing potential in the vascular region. These findings build on the body of evidence which suggests that meniscal progenitors represent an attractive cell therapy strategy for meniscal regeneration.
MitoQ Promotes M2-Like Macrophage/Microglia Polarization And Attenuates Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury Through Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Huang Tengli , Lin Junqing , Shen Junjie , Zheng Xianyou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction and macrophage/microglia mediating inflammation are critical pathological process components of secondary injury in spinal cord injury (SCI), which lead to impaired regeneration and function recovery. Mitochondria is essential to macrophage/microglia metabolism and polarization. However, there are few research in SCI on mitochondrial dysfunction and macrophage/microglia polarization modulation by MitoQ, a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant. Therefore, we tried to investigate whether MitoQ could promote function recovery after SCI and its potential mechanism.Methods: A T10 spinal cord clip compression model was established in female C57BL/6 mice. MitoQ (1 mg/ml) was injected intraperitoneally on day 0, 1, 2 after SCI. Immunofluorescence assay (iNOS/Arg-1) was performed on day 3 and 14 to evaluate macrophage/microglia polarization after SCI. Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score and footprint analysis were used to evaluate function recovery. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining were used to evaluate tissue preservation and myeline loss. Western-blotting (mfn-1/2/drp-1), flow cytometry, immunofluorescence assay (iNOS/Arg-1) and fluorescence assay (Mitosox Red/ DCFH-DA) were used to evaluate in-vitro mitochondrial function and macrophage/microglia polarization. Tunel staining, Hochest staining and Western-blotting (Bax/Bcl-2/Cleaved-caspase-3) were used to evaluate cell apoptosis in BV2 cells and established SCI animal models.Results: Compared with SCI group, MitoQ group showed reduced M1-like polarization with enhanced M2-like polarization on day 3 and day 14 after SCI. MitoQ group promoted function recovery and tissue preservation on day 28. MitoQ attenuated mitochondrial biodynamic imbalance and reduced mitochondrial-specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in BV2 cells. MitoQ inhibited cell apoptosis resulting from in-vitro LPS challenging and in-vivo SCI.Conclusion: MitoQ improves function recovery and tissue preservation after SCI through the promotion of M2-like polarization of macrophage/microglia, inhibition of cell apoptosis and following neuroinflammation with the improvement of mitochondrial function and decreasing oxidative stress. Taken together, our results suggest that mitochondrial function modulation is a potential treatment option of post-SCI macrophage/microglia polarization dysfunction, following neuroinflammation and function impairment.
Identification of Ms2, a Novel Locus Controlling Male-fertility Restoration of Cytoplasmic Male-sterility in Onion (Allium Cepa L.), and Development of Tightly Linked Molecular Markers
Authors: Yu Nari , Kim Sunggil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) has been exclusively used to produce F1 hybrid seeds of onion (Allium cepa L.). A single nuclear locus, Ms, is known to restore male-fertility of CMS in onions. Unstable male-sterile onions producing a small amount of pollen grains have been identified in a previous study. When such unstable male-sterile onions were crossed with stable male-sterile onions containing CMS-T cytoplasm, male-fertility was completely restored, although genotypes of the Ms locus were homozygous recessive. Inheritance patterns indicated that male-fertility restoration was controlled by a single locus designated as Ms2. A combined approach of bulked segregant analysis and RNA-seq was used to identify candidate genes for the Ms2 locus. High resolution melting (HRM) markers were developed based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected by RNA-Seq. Comparative mapping of the Ms2 locus showed that Ms2 was positioned at the end of chromosome 2 with a distance of approximately 70 cM away from the Ms locus. Although 38 contigs containing reliable SNPs were analyzed using recombinants selected from 1,344 individuals, no contig showed perfect linkage to Ms2. Interestingly, transcription levels of orf725, a CMS-associated gene in onions, were significantly reduced in male-fertile individuals of segregating populations. However, no significant change in its transcription level was observed in individuals of a segregating population with male-fertility phenotypes determined by the Ms locus, suggesting that male-fertility restoration mechanism of Ms2 might be different from that of the Ms locus.
Grass-Like Plants Release General Volatile Cues Attractive for Gravid Anopheles Gambiae S.S. Malaria Vector Mosquitoes
Authors: Bokore Getachew Eticha , Svenberg Linus , Tamre Richard , Onyango Patrick , Bukhari Tullu , Emmer Åsa , Fillinger Ulrike 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding the ecology and behaviour of disease vectors, including the olfactory cues used to orient and select hosts and egg-laying sites, are essential for the development of novel, insecticide-free control tools. Selected graminoid plants have been shown to release volatile chemicals attracting malaria vectors, however, whether the attraction is selective to individual plants or more general across genera and families is still unclear. Methods: To contribute to the current evidence, we implemented bioassays in two-port airflow olfactometers and in large field cages with four live graminoid plant species commonly found associated with malaria vector breeding sites in western Kenya, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus exaltatus of the Cyperaceae family and Panicum repens and Cynodon dactylon of the Poaceae family. Additionally, we tested one Poaceae species, Cenchrus setaceum, not usually associated with water. The volatile compounds released in the headspace of the plants were identified using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results: All five plants attracted gravid vectors, with the odds of a mosquito orienting towards the choice-chamber with the plant in an olfactometer being 2-5 times higher than when no plant was present. This attraction was maintained when tested with free-flying mosquitoes over a longer distance in large field cages, though at lower strength, with the odds of attracting a female 1.5-2.5 times higher when live plants were present than when only water was presented in the trap. Cyperus rotundus, previously implicated in connection with an oviposition attractant, consistently elicited the strongest response from gravid vectors. Volatiles regularly detected were limonene, β-pinene, β-elemene and β-caryophyllene among other common plant compounds previously described in association with odour-orientation of gravid and unfed malaria vectors. Conclusions: The present study confirms that gravid Anopheles gambiae use chemical cues released from graminoid plants to orientate. These cues are released from a variety of graminoid plant species in both the Cyperaceae and Poaceae family. Given the general nature of these cues, it appears unlikely that they are exclusively used for the location of suitable oviposition sites. The utilisation of these chemical cues for attract-and-kill trapping strategies must be explored under natural conditions to investigate their efficiency when in competition with complex interacting natural cues.
Conditioned Excitation And Inhibition of Short Latency Gamma Band Oscillations In Early Visual Cortex During Fear Learning In Humans
Authors: Santos-Mayo Alejandro , de Echegaray Javier , Moratti Stephan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Over the course of evolution the human brain has been shaped to prioritize cues that signal potential danger. Thereby, the brain does not only favor specie-specific prepared stimulus sets such as snakes or spiders, but can learn associations between new cues and aversive outcomes. One important mechanism to achieve this is associated with learning induced plasticity changes in sensory cortex that optimizes the representation of motivationally relevant sensory stimuli. Animal studies have shown that the modulation of gamma band oscillations predicts cholinergic driven plasticity changes in sensory cortices shifting neurons’ responses to fear relevant features as acquired by Pavlovian fear conditioning. Here, we report conditioned excitatory and inhibitory gamma band modulations in humans during fear conditioning of orthogonally oriented sinus gratings representing fear relevant and irrelevant conditioned cues, respectively. Thereby, pairing of a sinus grating with an aversive loud noise not only increased short latency (during the first 180 ms) evoked visual gamma band responses, but was also accompanied by strong gamma power reductions for the fear irrelevant control grating. The current findings will be discussed in the light of recent neurobiological models of cholinergic driven plasticity changes in sensory cortices and classic learning models such as the Rescorla-Wagner framework.
Transcriptomic Characterisation of the Molecular Mechanisms Induced by RGMa During Skeletal Muscle Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy
Authors: Copola Aline Gonçalves Lio , Santos Íria Gabriela Dias dos , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Bem Luiz Eduardo Vieira Del , Junior Paulo Henrique de Almeida Campos , Nogueira Júlia Meireles , Costa Alinne do Carmo , Silva Gerluza Aparecida Borges , Jorge Erika Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a GPI-anchor axon guidance molecule first found to play important roles during neuronal development. RGMa expression patterns and signalling pathways via Neogenin and/or as BMP coreceptors indicated that this axon guidance molecule could also be working in other processes and diseases, including during myogenesis. Previous works have consistently shown that RGMa is expressed in skeletal muscle cells and that its overexpression induces both nuclei accretion and hypertrophy in muscle cell lineages. However, the cellular components and molecular mechanisms induced by RGMa during the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells are poorly understood. In this work, the global transcription expression profile of RGMa-treated C2C12 myoblasts during the differentiation stage, obtained by RNA-seq, were reported. Results: RGMa treatment could modulate the expression pattern of 2,195 transcripts in C2C12 skeletal muscle, with 943 upregulated and 1,252 downregulated. Among them, RGMa interfered with the expression of several RNA types, including categories related to the regulation of RNA splicing and degradation. The data also suggested that RGMa hyperplasia effects could be due to their capacity to induce the expression of transcripts related to cell-cell adhesion, while RGMa effects on muscle hypertrophy might be due to (i) the activation of the mTOR-Akt independent axis and (ii) the regulation of the expression of transcripts related to atrophy. Finally, RGMa induced the expression of transcripts that encode skeletal muscle structural proteins and members of the signalling pathways associated with GEF and Rho/Rac, common secondary signals of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and the canonical pathway of the RGMa/Neogenin signalling. Conclusions: These results provide comprehensive knowledge of skeletal muscle transcript changes and pathways in response to RGMa.
Increasing Softwood Pulp Yield by Minimizing Primary Peeling of Wood Carbohydrates Using Sodium Methyl Mercaptide Before and During Kraft Pulping
Authors: Patil Ravikant A , Adriaan van Heiningen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the effect of sodium methyl mercaptide (SMM) on the minimization of peeling reactions of southern pine chips in the kraft pulping process. Two methods were evaluated for SMM addition to the pulping process: 1) pre-treatment before pulping or 2) co-addition with white liquor. The effect of SMM charge, pre-treatment temperature and time, and pH of pre-treatment liquor was studied. The experimental results showed about 1.5 to 2.5 % (on O.D. (oven dry) wood basis) increase in the pulp yield after pre-treatment with or co-addition of 4.38% SMM (on O.D. wood basis). The use of 4.38% SMM allowed a decrease of the white liquor effective alkali charge (EA, on O.D. wood basis) by 3%. 4.38% SMM charge seemed to be optimum for the pre-treatment. Pre-treatment at lower pH resulted in a significant decrease in yield and an increase in rejects. The increase in pulp yield was mostly due to the increased retention of cellulose and xylan. The retention of galactoglucomannan was negligible. About 80% of the cellulose yield increase is due to the suppression of primary peeling. The remainder (0.3–0.4% of the yield increase (on O.D. wood basis) is due to reduced alkaline hydrolysis and subsequent secondary peeling.
Establishment of an Early Diagnosis Model of Colon Cancerous Bowel Obstruction Based on 1HNMR
Authors: Zeng Jie , Peng Jin , Jiang Hua , Deng Pengchi , Li Kexun , Long Daolin , Wang Kai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective

To prospectively establish an early diagnosis model of acute colon cancerous bowel obstruction by applying nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy(1H-NMR) technology based metabolomics methods, combined with machine learning.
Methods

In this study, serum samples of 71 patients with acute bowel obstruction requiring emergency surgery who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from December 2018 to November 2020 were collected within 2 hours after admission, and NMR spectroscopy data was taken after pretreatment. After postoperative pathological confirmation, they were divided into colon cancerous bowel obstruction (CBO) group and adhesive bowel obstruction (ABO) control group. Used MestReNova software to extract the two sets of spectra bins, and used the MetaboAnalyst5.0 website to perform partial least square discrimination (PLS-DA), combining the human metabolome database (HMDB) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to find possible different Metabolites and related metabolic pathways.
Results

22 patients were classified as CBO group and 30 were classified as ABO control group. Compared with ABO group, the level of Xanthurenic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Gentisic acid, Salicyluric acid, Ferulic acid, Kynuric acid, CDP, Mandelic acid, NADPH, FAD, Phenylpyruvate, Allyl isothiocyanate, and Vanillylmandelic acid increased in the CBO group; while the lecel of L-Tryptophan and Bilirubin decreased (all P < 0.05). There were significant differences between two groups in the tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and synthesis pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan (all P < 0.05). Tryptophan metabolism pathway had the greatest impact (Impact = 0.19). The early diagnosis model of colon cancerous bowel was established based on the levels of six metabolites: Xanthurenic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Gentisic acid, Salicylic acid, Ferulic acid and Kynuric acid (R2 = 0.995, Q2 = 0.931, RMSE = 0.239, AUC = 0.962).
Conclusion

This study firstly used serum to determine the difference in metabolome between patients with colon cancerous bowel obstruction and those with adhesive bowel obstruction. The study found that the metabolic information carried by the serum was sufficient to discriminate the two groups of patients and provided the theoretical supporting for the future using of the more convenient sample for the differential diagnosis of patients with colon cancerous bowel obstruction. Quantitative experiments on a large number of samples were still needed in the future.
Assessment of Low Patient Social Support and its Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Medical Surgical Adult Inpatients in Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Multi -Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tesfa Shegaw , Abebe Haimanot , Tefera Bitew , Ayinalem Agere , Tsegaye Baye , Fetene Temen , Tadesse Betilhem , Alebel Fisha , Tsehay Tadesse 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Patient social support is a network or web of social relationships that each individual keeps including the closest people, such as family, close friends and other neighborhood or community individuals in the hospital as well as out of the hospitals. Patient psychosocial support influences the health status and treatment effectiveness, getting quality of care in a hospitalized medical surgical inpatient. It should be practiced in hospital setting than community setting. Objective: To assess low patient social support and its associated factors among medical surgical adult inpatients in public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted with 380 study subjects from March 1-30, 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was used and data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Trained nursing students collected data, collected data was entered into Epi-data 3.1 and export to SPSS version 26 for analysis, and then binary and multiple logistic regression was performed to check the association between dependent and independent variable.Result: In this study, low level of patient social support was 61.9%, while 38.1% of them have high level of patient social support. Variables being housewives [AOR=3.41; 95%CI (1.145-10.153)], chat chewing [AOR=2.596; 95%CI (1.072-6.288)], psychosocial counseling [AOR=4.149; 95 %CI (0.075-0.771) and Previous history of hospitalization [AOR=1.673; 95%CI (1.019-2.746) were found to be significantly associated with low patient social support. While age, sex, ethnicity, religion, income, alcohol drink, smoking, other illegal substance use, and family history of mental health problem, having mental illness, type of case and length of hospital stay were not significantly associated.Conclusion and recommendation: The overall level of patient social support in hospitalized patients was low and being housewives, chat chewing, psychosocial counselling, and Previous history of hospitalization were significantly associated with low level of patient social support among adult inpatients, therefore health care providers should provide special consideration to those group of patients admitted to the hospitals.