bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reticulocyte Count: The Forgotten Factor in Transfusion Decisions for Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Nakhla Daniel , Kushnir Alla , Ahmed Rafat , Bhandari Vineet , Hunter Krystal , Nakhla Tarek 
Published: September 2021

Objective Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants often receive transfusions of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). Long-term outcomes of infants treated with liberal versus restricted transfusion criteria have been evaluated with conflicting results. Clinicians incorporate a reticulocyte count (RC) in their transfusion decisions. There is a lack of information on reference ranges for RCs in growing ELBW infants and whether infant's chronologic age or corrected gestational age (GA) generates a specific trend in the RCs. Our aim was to evaluate the levels of RCs obtained from ELBW infants over the course of the initial hospitalization.
Study Design A retrospective chart review of ELBW infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and had RCs performed. We analyzed the RCs to observe trends based on the chronologic age and corrected GA.
Results A total of 738 RCs were analyzed. A positive trend in RCs that reached a peak at 32 to 34 weeks' corrected GA and then experienced a downward trend was observed.
Conclusion Our report examines a very common hematologic test that is theoretically helpful but is in need of guidelines concerning the appropriate frequency of testing and its utility in making transfusion decisions in ELBW infants.
Key Points
Reduced-Dose Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Intermediate–High-risk Pulmonary Embolism: Rationale and Design of the Pulmonary Embolism International THrOmbolysis (PEITHO)-3 trial
Authors: Sanchez Olivier , Charles-Nelson Anaïs , Ageno Walter , Barco Stefano , Binder Harald , Chatellier Gilles , Duerschmied Daniel , Empen Klaus , Ferreira Melanie , Girard Philippe , Huisman Menno V. , Jiménez David , Katsahian Sandrine , Kozak Matija , Lankeit Mareike , Meneveau Nicolas , Pruszczyk Piotr , Petris Antoniu , Righini Marc , Rosenkranz Stephan , Schellong Sebastian , Stefanovic Branislav , Verhamme Peter , de Wit Kerstin , Vicaut Eric , Zirlik Andreas , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Meyer Guy ,   for the PEITHO-3 Investigators
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntermediate–high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is characterized by right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and elevated circulating cardiac troponin levels despite apparent hemodynamic stability at presentation. In these patients, full-dose systemic thrombolysis reduced the risk of hemodynamic decompensation or death but increased the risk of life-threatening bleeding. Reduced-dose thrombolysis may be capable of improving safety while maintaining reperfusion efficacy. The Pulmonary Embolism International THrOmbolysis (PEITHO)-3 study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04430569) is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, multinational trial with long-term follow-up. We will compare the efficacy and safety of a reduced-dose alteplase regimen with standard heparin anticoagulation. Patients with intermediate–high-risk PE will also fulfill at least one clinical criterion of severity: systolic blood pressure ≤110 mm Hg, respiratory rate >20 breaths/min, or history of heart failure. The primary efficacy outcome is the composite of all-cause death, hemodynamic decompensation, or PE recurrence within 30 days of randomization. Key secondary outcomes, to be included in hierarchical analysis, are fatal or GUSTO severe or life-threatening bleeding; net clinical benefit (primary efficacy outcome plus severe or life-threatening bleeding); and all-cause death, all within 30 days. All outcomes will be adjudicated by an independent committee. Further outcomes include PE-related death, hemodynamic decompensation, or stroke within 30 days; dyspnea, functional limitation, or RV dysfunction at 6 months and 2 years; and utilization of health care resources within 30 days and 2 years. The study is planned to enroll 650 patients. The results are expected to have a major impact on risk-adjusted treatment of acute PE and inform guideline recommendations.
Follicular Lymphoma in Young Adults: Study from a Regional Cancer Center in South India
Authors: Rudreshaa A. H. , Goyal Shina , Lokanatha D. , Jacob Linu Abraham , Lokesh K. N. , Saldanha Smitha , Sansar Bipinesh , Rajeev L. K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a disease of the elderly. It is postulated that younger patients have distinct tumor biology and treatment outcomes. Various lymphoma groups across the world have studied this to understand if young adults (YAs) need a different treatment approach. Our study fills the void in data from an Asian country on YA population with FL.
Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed young patients (age ≤40 years) diagnosed with FL at our center from 2012 to 2018. Their disease characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes were studied to examine any association between various parameters and survival.
Results There were 28 young FL patients included in our study that constituted 14.6% of FL cases (males: 53.5% and females: 46.5%). The median age at diagnosis was 36.5 years. Most of the patients presented in an advanced stage, 57% had extranodal involvement, and 39.3% had bone marrow involvement at the time of presentation. The most common chemotherapy regimen used was cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. Half of them received chemoimmunotherapy and only 18% continued rituximab as maintenance therapy. The overall response rate was 92.9% (n = 26), and the remaining two patients had progressive disease while on treatment. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 6.1 years and median overall survival (OS) was not reached. On univariate analysis, extranodal disease was associated with a lower PFS (p = 0.06) and low hemoglobin showed a significant association with OS (p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, none of the factors showed a significant association with survival.
Conclusion Most YAs present with advanced disease with a good response to treatment and favorable outcomes.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Hearing Aid Directional Microphones
Authors: Jespersen Charlotte T. , Kirkwood Brent C. , Groth Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDirectionality is the only hearing aid technology — in addition to amplification — proven to help hearing aid users hear better in noise. Hearing aid directionality has been documented to improve speech intelligibility in multiple laboratory studies. In contrast, real-world studies have shown a disconnect between the potential of the technology and what hearing aid users experience in their daily life. This article describes the real-world studies that inspired ReSound to take a different approach to applying directional microphone technology. This approach is based on the idea that hearing aid directionality can leverage natural binaural hearing and inherent listening strategies. The directional strategy includes three listening modes that will be explained. These are the Spatial Cue Preservation mode, the Binaural Listening mode, and the Speech Intelligibility mode. The strategy and the advantages it provides in terms of sound quality, spatial hearing, and improved signal-to-noise ratio with maintained awareness of surroundings are explained.
Creating Clarity in Noisy Environments by Using Deep Learning in Hearing Aids
Authors: Andersen Asger Heidemann , Santurette Sébastien , Pedersen Michael Syskind , Alickovic Emina , Fiedler Lorenz , Jensen Jesper , Behrens Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHearing aids continue to acquire increasingly sophisticated sound-processing features beyond basic amplification. On the one hand, these have the potential to add user benefit and allow for personalization. On the other hand, if such features are to benefit according to their potential, they require clinicians to be acquainted with both the underlying technologies and the specific fitting handles made available by the individual hearing aid manufacturers. Ensuring benefit from hearing aids in typical daily listening environments requires that the hearing aids handle sounds that interfere with communication, generically referred to as “noise.” With this aim, considerable efforts from both academia and industry have led to increasingly advanced algorithms that handle noise, typically using the principles of directional processing and postfiltering. This article provides an overview of the techniques used for noise reduction in modern hearing aids. First, classical techniques are covered as they are used in modern hearing aids. The discussion then shifts to how deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, provides a radically different way of solving the noise problem. Finally, the results of several experiments are used to showcase the benefits of recent algorithmic advances in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, speech intelligibility, selective attention, and listening effort.
Disorders of Puberty in Girls
Authors: Sopher Aviva B. , Oberfield Sharon E. , Witchel Selma F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPuberty is the process through which reproductive competence is achieved and comprises gonadarche and adrenarche. Breast development is the initial physical finding of pubertal onset in girls and typically occurs between 8 and 13 years. Menarche normally occurs 2 to 3 years after the onset of breast development. Pubertal onset is controlled by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in the hypothalamus; however, environmental factors such as alterations in energy balance and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter the timing of pubertal onset. Improvement in nutritional and socioeconomic conditions over the past two centuries has been associated with a secular trend in earlier pubertal onset. Precocious puberty is defined as onset of breast development prior to 8 years and can be central or peripheral. Delayed puberty can be hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic and is defined as lack of breast development by 13 years or lack of menarche by 16 years. Both precocious and delayed puberty may have negative effects on self-esteem, potentially leading to psychosocial stress. Patients who present with pubertal differences require a comprehensive assessment to determine the underlying etiology and to devise an effective treatment plan.
A balloon-borne imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for atmospheric trace gas profiling
Authors: Runge Ethan , Langille Jeff , Schentag Connor , Bourassa Adam , Letros Daniel , Loewen Paul , Lloyd Nick , Degenstein Doug , Grandmont Frederick 
Published: September 2021

The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region is a highly variable region of the atmosphere and critical for understanding climate. Yet, it remains undersampled in the observational satellite record. Due to recent advances in interferometer and infrared detection technologies, imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) technology has been identified as a feasible remote sensing approach to obtain the required precision and spatial resolution of atmospheric trace gas composition in the UTLS. Building on the success of instruments such as the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding and gimbaled limb observer for radiance imaging of the atmosphere, the limb imaging Fourier transform spectrometer experiment (LIFE) instrument, of which this paper details the design and performance, is a balloon-borne infrared imaging FTS developed as an early prototype of a low earth orbit satellite instrument. LIFE is constructed primarily with commercially available off-the-shelf components, with a design emphasis on greatly reducing the complexity of the instrument, particularly the cooling requirements, with a minimal reduction in information gain on the target atmospheric greenhouse gases of water vapor, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide. The developed instrument was characterized through a series of thermal and vacuum tests and validated through a successful demonstration balloon flight during the 2019 Strato-Science campaign in Canada. In the calibration of the data from the balloon flight, an issue was identified regarding a lack of knowledge in the emissivity of the on-board blackbody calibration sources. These systematic effects were minimized through the application of an emissivity ratio determined from the characterization tests where a wider range of known blackbody temperatures were available. Despite this identified calibration issue, the results demonstrate that the instrument is capable of meeting primary performance requirements for trace gas retrievals of the target atmospheric species.
Assessment of hybrid functionals for singlet and triplet excitations: Why do some local hybrid functionals perform so well for triplet excitation energies?
Authors: Grotjahn Robin , Kaupp Martin 
Published: September 2021

The performance of various hybrid density functionals is assessed for 105 singlet and 105 corresponding triplet vertical excitation energies from the QUEST database. The overall lowest mean absolute error is obtained with the local hybrid (LH) functional LH12ct-SsirPW92 with individual errors of 0.11 eV (0.11 eV) for singlet (triplet) n → π* excitations and 0.29 eV (0.17 eV) for π → π* excitations. This is slightly better than with the overall best performing global hybrid M06-2X [n → π*: 0.13 eV (0.17 eV), π → π*: 0.30 eV (0.20 eV)], while most other global and range-separated hybrids and some LHs suffer from the “triplet problem” of time-dependent density functional theory. This is exemplified by correlating the errors for singlet and triplet excitations on a state-by-state basis. The excellent performance of LHs based on a common local mixing function, i.e., an LMF constructed from the spin-summed rather than the spin-resolved semilocal quantities, is systematically investigated by the introduction of a spin-channel interpolation scheme that allows us to continuously modulate the fraction of opposite-spin terms used in the LMF. The correlation of triplet and singlet errors is systematically improved for the n → π* excitations when larger fractions of the opposite-spin-channel are used in the LMF, whereas this effect is limited for the π → π* excitations. This strongly supports a previously made hypothesis that attributes the excellent performance of LHs based on a common LMF to cross-spin-channel nondynamical correlation terms.
O to bR transition in bacteriorhodopsin occurs through a proton hole mechanism
Authors: Maag Denis , Mast Thilo , Elstner Marcus , Cui Qiang , Kubař Tomáš 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a molecular ion pump that has been long regarded as a prototypical system that demonstrates the Grotthuss mechanism for long-range proton transport in biology. Using extensive quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations, we show that the O to ground state transition in bR, in fact, features proton exchange between two distant groups via a proton hole mechanism. The proton hole is stabilized by a highly conserved arginine residue, which also plays the crucial role of modulating the hydration level of the protein cavity via a conformational transition. Therefore, the current study highlights the general importance of protein internal hydration level change and consideration of all possible titration states of water to the mechanism of long-range proton transport in biomolecules.
Edge current and pairing order transition in chiral bacterial vortices
Authors: Beppu Kazusa , Izri Ziane , Sato Tasuku , Yamanishi Yoko , Sumino Yutaka , Maeda Yusuke T. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The last two decades have seen an exciting development in the field of the active turbulence of microswimmers and their control using geometric design. While being recognized as a key feature of active turbulence, collective effects in the chiral active matter have been overlooked. We shed light on the poorly understood interplay between individual chiral swimming and axisymmetric boundary conditions mediated by polar alignment by exhibiting and controlling chiral bacterial vortices. The geometry-independent collective motion that appears near the boundary, named edge current, plays an important role and alters the geometric rule of the pairing of chiral vortices. Our findings provide a physical basis for understanding out-of-equilibrium structures in chiral microswimmers and advancing material transport engineering by microrobots in liquid.
A PDE hierarchy for directed polymers in random environments
Authors: Gu Yu , Henderson Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For a Brownian directed polymer in a Gaussian random environment, with q(t, ⋅) denoting the quenched endpoint density and

Q

n

(

t
,

x

1

,
…
,

x

n

)

=
E

[

q

(

t
,

x

1

)

…
q

(

t
,

x

n

)

]

,

we derive a hierarchical PDE system satisfied by

{

Q

n

}

n
⩾
1

. We present two applications of the system: (i) we compute the generator of

{

μ

t

(

d
x

)

=
q

(

t
,
x

)

d
x

}

t
⩾
0

for some special functionals, where

{

μ

t

(

d
x

)

}

t
⩾
0

is viewed as a Markov process taking values in the space of probability measures; (ii) in the high temperature regime with d ⩾ 3, we prove a quantitative central limit theorem for the annealed endpoint distribution of the diffusively rescaled polymer path. We also study a nonlocal diffusion-reaction equation motivated by the generator and establish a super-diffusive O(t
2/3) scaling.
Discharge dynamics, plasma kinetics and gas flow effect in argon–acetylene discharges
Authors: Tetard G , Michau A , Prasanna S , Mougenot J , Brault P , Hassouni K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We investigated capacitively coupled Ar/C2H2 RF plasmas with a 1D fluid model that couples a 13.56 MHz discharge module, a long timescale chemical module and a flow transport module. A new solution procedure was developed in order to accurately describe the coupling between the short timescale discharge dynamics and the long characteristic time processes that play a major role in the molecular growth of reactive species. The plasma was simulated for different inlet gas configurations and flowrates. We showed that for a showerhead configuration one may distinguish two situations. For short residence time the plasma was strongly electronegative in the very center of the discharge gap and dominated by large hydrocarbon positive and negative ions. In this situation the acetylene conversion, although moderate, lead to a significant molecular growth. For long residence time, although C2H2 underwent a total conversion, the products of the primary C2H2 dissociation process were consumed by surface deposition which reduced drastically the molecular growth in the short gap discharge considered here. Whatever the conditions, we confirmed the key-role of Ar* in the acetylene conversion, ionization kinetics as well as the subsequent molecular growth for neutral and charged species. We also showed that remote feed gas and showerhead configurations predicted similar results at low flowrate. At larger flowrate the two configurations presented some discrepancy. Especially H2 density was much larger for the remote feed gas configuration, which affected the overall plasma behavior. Our results highlight that realistic gas-flow models are essential for an accurate description of acetylene conversion in Ar/C2H2 plasma.
Formation and neutralization of electric charge and current of an ion thruster plume
Authors: Perales-Díaz Jesús , Cichocki Filippo , Merino Mario , Ahedo Eduardo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A 3D hybrid model is introduced and applied to the simulation of the xenon plasma plume extraction, formation, and neutralization in a gridded ion thruster. The acceleration voltage is 1100 V and the inflow Xe+ per hole ranges from 0.07 to 0.92 μg s−1. While ions and neutrals are treated with a particle-in-cell formulation, electrons are modeled as two independent isothermal populations: one inside the discharge chamber and one in the plume. The definition of a thermalized potential allows to solve the electron currents in the high-conductivity limit of the Ohm’s law. The space charge neutralization distance is observed to be short and thus essentially independent of the acceleration grid-neutralizer distance, which is varied from 10 to 25 mm axially. However, this position strongly affects the electric current neutralization paths in the near plume for each ion beamlet. Electron inertial forces are shown to be comparable to collisional forces in certain plasma regions. A semi-analytical 1D fluid model of the plume, matched to the hybrid model, allows to complete the far plume expansion down to infinity. Grids with an infinite and finite number of apertures are simulated and compared with each other and with the 1D model. The numerically obtained divergence angle of the ion plume is compared with experimental measurements, observing relative errors of around 7% in the position of the optimal perveance, and smaller than 4% in the divergence angle average value.
Characterizing microlensing planetary system OGLE-2014-BLG-0676Lb with adaptive optics imaging*
Authors: Xie Xiao-Jia , Dong Subo , Shvartzvald Yossi , Gould Andrew , Udalski Andrzej , Beaulieu Jean-Philippe , Beichman Charles , Close Laird Miller , B. Henderson Calen , R. Males Jared , Marquette Jean-Baptiste , M. Morzinski Katie , R. Gelino Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We constrain the host-star flux of the microlensing planet OGLE-2014-BLG-0676Lb using adaptive optics (AO) images taken by the Magellan and Keck telescopes. We measure the flux of the light blended with the microlensed source to be K = 16.79 ± 0.04 mag and J = 17.76 ± 0.03 mag. Assuming that the blend is the lens star, we find that the host is a

0.73

−
0.29

+
0.14

M
⊙

star at a distance of

2.67

−
1.41

+
0.77

kpc, where the relatively large uncertainty in angular Einstein radius measurement is the major source of uncertainty. With mass of

M
p

=

3.68

−
1.44

+
0.69

M
J

, the planet is likely a “super Jupiter” at a projected separation of

r
⊥

=

4.53

−
2.50

+
1.49

AU, and a degenerate model yields a similar

M
p

=

3.73

−
1.47

+
0.73

M
J

at a closer separation of

r
⊥

=

2.56

−
1.41

+
0.84

AU. Our estimates are consistent with the previous Bayesian analysis based on a Galactic model. OGLE-2014-BLG-0676Lb belongs to a sample of planets discovered in a “second-generation” planetary microlensing survey and we attempt to systematically constrain host properties of this sample with high-resolution imaging to study the distribution of planets.
Corrigendum: Reaching 30% energy coupling efficiency for a high-density-carbon capsule in a gold rugby hohlraum on NIF (2021 Nucl. Fusion
64 086028)
Authors: Ping Y. , Amendt P. , Baker K. , Smalyuk V.A. , Chen H. , Khan S. , Hartouni E.P. , Ho D. , Jones O. , Landen O.N. , Lemos N. , Lindl J. , Moody J. , Nikroo A. , Rubery M. , Schlossberg D.J. , Stadermann M. , Strozzi D. , Tipton R. , Woodworth B. , Adrian P.J. , Lahmann B. , Frenje J. , Petrasso R. , Kong C. , Rice N. , Wild C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the published paper titled ‘Reaching 30% energy coupling efficiency for a high-density-carbon capsule in a gold rugby hohlraum on NIF’ (2021 Nucl. Fusion
61 086028), the red shaded areas representing experimental uncertainties did not show up in figures 2 and 3. This corrigendum provides the correct figures 2 and 3.