bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune‐relatedlncRNAs can predict the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Ran , Wu Shishuang , Wu Xiaolu , Zhao Ping , Li Jingyi , Xue Kai , Li Junmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe immune microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is closely related to patients’ prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in immune systems. In this study, we established a prognostic model using an immune‐related lncRNA (IRL) signature to predict AML patients’ overall survival (OS) through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, univariate Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression analyses further illustrated the reliability of our prognostic model. An IRL signature‐based nomogram consisting of other clinical features efficiently predicted the OS of AML patients. The incorporation of the IRL signature improved the ELN2017 risk stratification system's prognostic accuracy. In addition, we found that monocytes and metabolism‐related pathways may play a role in AML progression. Overall, the IRL signature appears as a novel effective model for evaluating the OS of AML patients and may be implemented to contribute to the prolonged OS in AML patients.
Major Chemical Compounds and Mineral Elements of Astragalus membranaceus Cultivated on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau with Different Planting Densities
Authors: Wang Lingling , Xiong Feng , Yang Lucun , Wang Bo , Zhou Guoying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAstragalus membranaceus is a well‐known herb that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, its commercial development has been limited due to wild resource shortages. This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to assess the effect of planting density on the major chemical compounds and mineral elements and biomass yield of A. membranaceus. The biomass yield (7,700.956 kg) reached the maximum at M2 planting density in 2018. In 2019, astragaloside IV reached its maximum concentration (0.117 %) at M2 group, which was significantly different from the concentrations obtained at the other groups. Calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (0.062 %) reach its maximum concentration in 2019 at M5, but not significant with M2. The concentration of major chemical compounds among the five groups in 2018 and 2019 all conformed to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards. In 2018, the mineral elements (Al, Ba, Fe, Li and Mn) content was higher at M2 than other groups. However, a general decrease in the mineral elements content was observed at M2 group in 2019. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that the enrichment capacity was highest for phosphorus. In conclusion, according to the TOPSIS results, M2 planting density was recommended as the optimal application. For optimal economic benefits, A. membranaceus should be harvested when it is 2 years old.
Aluminum‐based Metal‐Organic Framework as Water‐tolerant Lewis Acid Catalyst for Selective Dihydroxyacetone Isomerization to Lactic Acid
Authors: Rahaman Mohammad Shahinur , Tulaphol Sarttrawut , Mills Kyle , Molley Ashten , Hossain Md Anwar , Lalvani Shashi , Maihom Thana , Crocker Mark , Sathitsuksanoh Noppadon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLactic acid is a renewable and versatile chemical for food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other chemicals. Lactic acid can be produced from biomass‐derived dihydroxyacetone. However, selective and recyclable water‐tolerant acid catalysts need to be developed for the specific production of lactic acid. Here we show that the MIL‐101(Al)−NH2 metal‐organic framework (MOF) is a water‐tolerant and selective solid Lewis acid catalyst for dihydroxyacetone isomerization to lactic acid. The Lewis acidic MIL‐101(Al)−NH2 catalyst promoted a high lactic acid selectivity of 91 % at 96 % dihydroxyacetone conversion at 120 °C in water. The reaction proceeded by temperature and/or MIL‐101(Al)−NH2 MOFs mediated dihydroxyacetone dehydration to pyruvaldehyde. Subsequently, the MIL‐101(Al)−NH2 facilitated rehydration of the pyruvaldehyde to lactic acid. The Lewis acidic MIL‐101(Al)−NH2 catalyst was stable and reusable four times without any decrease in catalytic performance.
Multifunctional Compound‐Regulated SnO2 for High‐Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells under Ambient Air
Authors: Qiu Linlin , Chen Liang , Chen Wei‐Hsiang , Yuan Yongfeng , Song Lixin , Mei Deqiang , Bai Bing , Xie Fuqiang , Du Pingfan , Xiong Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated with a low‐temperature (≤150 °C) SnO2‐based electron transport layer (ETL) have been rapidly developing and demonstrate high power conversion efficiency (PCE). To further enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs, high‐quality perovskite and SnO2 films are needed, and the interfacial performance between the SnO2 ETL and the perovskite layer needs to be improved. In this work, potassium p‐aminobenzoate (KPAB) was introduced to regulate the SnO2 ETL to obtain reduced defects and an excellent wetting property, inducing vertically aligned crystal growth of the perovskites on the interface side of the SnO2 ETL. In addition, the potassium ions were able to interact with the halogen ions of the perovskite, which further enhanced the quality of the perovskite film. Due to the abovementioned strengths of KPAB, we demonstrated that devices based on KPAB‐SnO2 have a higher power conversion efficiency (19.03 %), better reproducibility, and superior operational stability compared to devices with pristine SnO2.
5’‐Phosphorylation Increases the Efficacy of Nucleoside Inhibitors of the DNA Repair Enzyme SNM1A
Authors: Berney Mark , Manoj Manav T , Fay Ellen M. , McGouran Joanna F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCertain cancers exhibit upregulation of DNA interstrand crosslink repair pathways, which contributes to resistance to crosslinking chemotherapy drugs and poor prognoses. Inhibition of enzymes implicated in interstrand crosslink repair is therefore a promising strategy for improving the efficacy of cancer treatment. One such target enzyme is SNM1A, a zinc co‐ordinating 5’–3’ exonuclease. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of inhibiting SNM1A using modified nucleosides appended with zinc‐binding groups. In this work, we sought to develop more effective SNM1A inhibitors by exploiting interactions with the phosphate‐binding pocket adjacent to the enzyme's active site, in addition to the catalytic zinc ions. A series of nucleoside derivatives bearing phosphate moieties at the 5’‐position, as well as zinc‐binding groups at the 3’‐position, were prepared and tested in gel‐electrophoresis and real‐time fluorescence assays. As well as investigating novel zinc‐binding groups, we found that incorporation of a 5’‐phosphate dramatically increased the potency of the inhibitors.
Amino‐Modified Poly (l–lactic Acid) Nanofibers Enable pH‐Stimulated Drug Release and NIR Real‐Time Detection
Authors: Cao Zhi‐Kai , Zhang Jun , Yu Yan‐Chao , Wang Bing‐Chang , Bai Xiao‐Han , Yang Jun , Liang Yi‐Tao , Ramakrishna Seeram , Long Yun‐Ze 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStimulus‐responsive nanofibers can adjust the speed of drug delivery, and real‐time monitoring elucidates the relationship between drug release and therapeutic efficacy. Both of these advantages have great potential in clinical therapy. However, the complex preparation of current stimulus‐responsive drug‐loaded nanofibers leads to low drug‐loading levels, limiting their widespread applications. In this study, we prepared pH‐responsive drug‐loaded nanofibers with fluorescence monitoring properties using the electrospinning method. A representative drug of DOX was loaded onto the nanofibers. The degradable flexible nanofibers modified by amino groups attained higher drug loading and controlled drug release. Precisely, the rate of drug release varies with different pH. Faster release speed occurs in the tumor microenvironment with faintly acidic conditions than in healthy tissues with neutral conditions. The pH‐responsive mechanism was due to hydrazone bonds between the amino groups and DOX molecules, which FTIR confirmed. In addition, these pH‐responsive nanofibers with intense upconversion fluorescence enable more sensitive monitoring, whereas weak luminescence cannot achieve.
Potential‐Controlled (R)Evolution: Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles with Well‐Defined Shapes
Authors: McDarby Sean P. , Personick Michelle L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo enable the rational design of synthetic approaches for producing precisely defined nanomaterials, a detailed mechanistic understanding needs to be established. Colloidal approaches to nanoparticle growth have been used to produce many novel shape‐ and composition‐controlled nanoparticles with various important target applications. Concurrently, electrochemical approaches to nanoparticle synthesis have also been developed, though at present this field is less expansive than colloidal synthesis. This review covers recent progress in the synthesis of shaped metal, metal oxide, and alloyed nanoparticles via electrochemical methods that use specific control of potential or current in combination with tailoring of the chemical growth solution environment. These approaches have produced nanoparticles with compositions and architectures that were inaccessible via standard colloidal approaches. Importantly, electrochemical nanoparticle synthesis can also serve as a powerful tool for understanding fundamental mechanisms of colloidal nanoparticle growth. We highlight multiple promising opportunities in this growing research area.
Simple deterministic modeling can guide the design of breeding pipelines for self‐pollinated crops
Authors: Atlin Gary N. , Econopouly Bethany Fallon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenetic gains delivered by plant breeding programs in the developing world must increase to deliver adaptation to a changing climate. Programs should be planned and optimized, with respect to gains per year and per dollar invested, as cyclic population improvement pipelines whose selection response is described by the breeder's equation (BE). We present a spreadsheet‐implemented model for the BE that includes operating costs. The model can be easily used to compare predicted selection response per cycle for different pipeline designs and resource allocation scenarios for self‐pollinated crops or hybrid crops that use inbred lines as parents. We modeled breeding programs that generate and select among F2– to F6–derived or doubled‐haploid (DH) lines, advance populations from one to three generations annually, and conduct agronomic testing in one to three stages during the main cropping season. Reducing cycle time is the most efficient method of increasing genetic gain under most circumstances. Although gains increase with increased population size and selection intensity, clear optima exist, in terms of the cost of a unit of gain, at relatively small population sizes and moderate selection intensities. Investments in reducing cycle length to three or even two years generate large increases in genetic gain and are more cost‐effective than increasing population size and standardized selection differential. High rates of genetic gain can be delivered by small breeding programs that complete cycles quickly.
Boosting Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Performance of Iron Phthalocyanine through Axial Coordination Sphere Interaction
Authors: Zhang Wenlin , Meeus Eva J. , Wang Lei , Zhang Lu‐Hua , Yang Shuangcheng , de Bruin Bas , Reek Joost N. H. , Yu Fengshou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrecise regulation of the electronic states of catalytic sites through molecular engineering is highly desired to boost catalytic performance. Herein, a facile strategy was developed to synthesize efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, based on mononuclear iron phthalocyanine supported on commercially available multi‐walled carbon nanotubes that contain electron‐donating functional groups (FePc/CNT‐R, with “R” being −NH2, −OH, or −COOH). These functional groups acted as axial ligands that coordinated to the Fe site, confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray absorption fine structure. Experimental results showed that FePc/CNT‐NH2, with the most electron‐donating −NH2 axial ligand, exhibited the highest ORR activity with a positive onset potential (Eonset=1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) and half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.92 V). This was better than the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst (Eonset=1.00 V and E1/2=0.85 V) under the same conditions. Overall, the functionalized FePc/CNT‐R assemblies showed enhanced ORR performance in comparison to the non‐functionalized FePc/CNT assembly. The origin of this behavior was investigated using density functional theory calculations, which demonstrated that the coordination of electron‐donating groups to FePc facilitated the adsorption and activation of oxygen. This study not only demonstrates a series of advanced ORR electrocatalysts, but also introduces a feasible strategy for the rational design of highly active electrocatalysts for other proton‐coupled electron transfer reactions.
An ultra‐low power and low jitter frequency synthesizer for 5G wireless communication and IoE applications
Authors: Bagheri Mohammad , Li Xun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a fully integrated analog phase‐locked loop (PLL) fractional‐N frequency synthesizer for 5G wireless communication and Internet‐of‐Everything (IoE) applications. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this frequency synthesizer, we apply it to three wireless communication standards. Contrary to using Verilog or VHDL to implement the programmable frequency divider, we propose a new approach in the transistor level with a new divide‐by‐2/3 circuit, dynamic asynchronous resettable D and JK flip‐flops, and the OR & AND gates to customize the divider for low‐power, low‐jitter, and fast‐lock time applications. In addition, we have designed a new frequency phase detector (PFD) to overcome the dead region issue. An ultra‐low phase noise and low‐power voltage control oscillator (VCO) is exploited from our previous work with the flicker noise corner frequency around 10 kHz to achieve the lowest possible phase noise. The implementation is done in 180‐nm standard CMOS technology. It covers two frequency ranges including 2.4 to 2.48 GHz and 5 to 5.825 GHz for these wireless communication standards. According to simulations in the worst case, the lock time, rms‐jitter, in‐band fractional spur, power consumption, and jitter‐power figure‐of‐merit of the frequency synthesizer is 18 μs, 56 fs, −63 dBc, 4 mW, and −259, respectively.
Eating disorders early app use mediates treatment effect on clinical improvement
Authors: Kim Jane Paik , Sadeh‐Sharvit Shiri , Welch Hannah A. , Neri Eric , Tregarthen Jenna , Lock James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) contribute considerably to the global burden of disease. However, most affected individuals do not receive treatment. Mobile apps present an enormous opportunity to increase access to mental healthcare services. This study examined whether the degree of usage of a self‐help app for EDs mediated the app's effects on the clinical response by individuals with EDs.MethodApp usage measures included the total number of cognitive‐behavioral meal logs, total number of days spent using the app, and the last day the app was used during the study period. Mediation analysis was performed using the MacArthur framework.ResultsAll usage variables met the analytic requirements for testing mediation (group means (sd) for app and standard app, respectively: logs = 74 (108) vs. 51.4 (88.1), days spent = 14.3 (17.5) vs. 10.6 (15.0), p‐values from Wilcox rank sum tests p < .01). Regression coefficients indicated mediation effects. The mediation effects demonstrated support that increased engagement (as measured by logs and time spent on the app) was related to an increased likelihood of achieving a significant clinical change by the end of the trial.DiscussionGreater and longer engagement in an ED app mediates its efficacy in terms of ED remission.
Digital technology use and muscle‐building behaviors in young adults
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Hazzard Vivienne M. , Ganson Kyle T. , Hahn Samantha L. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Eisenberg Marla E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveDigital technology use and muscle‐building behaviors reflect a wide range of behaviors with associated health risks. However, links between digital technology use and muscle‐building behaviors remain unknown and this study aimed to address this gap.MethodData were collected from a diverse sample of 1,483 young adults (mean age 22.2 ± 2.0 years) participating in the population‐based Eating and Activity over Time 2018 study. Gender‐stratified‐modified Poisson regression models were used to determine cross‐sectional associations between three types of digital technology use (screen time, social media, weight‐related self‐monitoring apps) and five types of muscle‐building behaviors (changing eating, exercise, protein powders/shakes, pre‐workout drinks, steroids/growth hormone/creatine/amino acids) in young adulthood, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index.ResultsScreen time and social media were either not found to be associated with muscle‐building behaviors or in a few instances, associated with less use of these behaviors (e.g., screen time and pre‐workout drinks in men). In contrast, the use of weight‐related self‐monitoring apps was positively associated with all muscle‐building behaviors, including steroids/growth hormone/creatine/amino acids in men (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.97) and women (PR = 4.43; 95% CI: 1.68–11.68).DiscussionWhile most recreational screen time may represent sedentary behaviors not related to muscle‐building behaviors, weight‐related self‐monitoring apps are highly associated with more muscle‐building behaviors and could be a future target for interventions to discourage the use of steroids and other harmful muscle‐building substances.
A Pod‐like Core‐Shell Catalyst with High Reduction Performance Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Xu Fagong , Zhan Feiyang , Zhang Beibei , Li Tuanhui , He Lei , Du Liting , Luo Shizhou , Zheng Baishu , Yun Ruirui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent years, tubular structure as the carrier loading nanoparticles has been reported more and more frequently which is synthesized by pyrolysis polyhedral MOFs. However, the construct mechanism has not been referred. Herein, a tubular structure has been designed by calcining modified ZIF‐8 under different temperature to reveal the formation process of tubular carbon from the polyhedron. As a result, a pod‐like core‐shell catalyst of Fe/Fe3C‐900 has been obtained and exhibits a high activity and excellent substituent tolerance for the reduction of nitro groups under mild conditions.
A survey on educational data mining methods used for predicting students' performance
Authors: Xiao Wen , Ji Ping , Hu Juan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPredicting students' performance is one of the most important issues in educational data mining (EDM), which has received more and more attention. By predicting students' performance, we can identify students' risk of academic failure and help instructors to take some actions such as guidance or interventions to help learners as early as possible, or carry out continual evaluation of learners as to optimize learning path or personalized learning resources recommendation. In this survey, we reviewed the 80 important studies on predicting students' performance using EDM methods in 2016–2021, synthesized the procedure of building prediction model of students' performance which contains four phases and 10 key steps, and compared and discussed the latest EDM methods used in all steps. We analyzed the challenges faced by previous studies in three aspects and put forward future suggestions on data collection, EDM methods used, and interpretation of prediction model. This survey provides a comprehensive understanding and practical guide for researchers in this field, and also provides direction for further research.
Cost assessment of elasticity for a 5G broadband network
Authors: Rendon Schneir Juan , Bradford Julie , Konstantinou Konstantinos , Sumanasena Abhaya , Zimmermann Gerd , Gramaglia Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the highly competitive telecommunications market, operators need to consider techniques that might lead to a more cost‐efficient use of the network resources. The recently proposed concept of resource elasticity focuses on the inherent cost reductions achieved by tailoring the resource utilization of network elements, such as radio and cloud elements, to the real network demand. However, no research has been conducted so far regarding the cost benefits that such schemes could bring to 5G networks, in terms of total cost of ownership. This article makes a novel contribution by analyzing the cost benefits of employing elasticity in a 5G network providing users with a broadband service in a hotspot area. The area exemplarily analyzed was the Port of Hamburg in Germany, which is a realistic scenario and which receives a considerable number of additional mobile users when a cruise ship arrives at the port. The results show that, for the different scenarios analyzed, the total radio access network cost reductions of using elasticity compared to a non‐elastic network range from 2.5% to 4.4%. Considering the edge cloud site‐related cost component alone, a 16.4% saving from elasticity was found. Further research is needed to understand the benefits of elasticity for other types of 5G use cases in different types of areas.
Leveling with Tinbergen: Four levels simplified to causes and consequences
Authors: Bergman Thore J. , Beehner Jacinta C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 1963, Niko Tinbergen published his foundational manuscript identifying the four questions we ask in animal behavior—how does the behavior emerge across the lifespan (development); how does it work (mechanism); how and why did it evolve (evolution); and why is it adaptive (function). Tinbergen clarified that these ‘levels of analysis’ are complementary, not competing, thereby avoiding many fruitless scientific debates. However, the relationships among the four levels was never established. Here, we propose ‘leveling’ Tinbergen's questions to a single temporal timescale divided into causes (encompassing mechanism, development, and evolution) and consequences (encompassing function). Scientific advances now seamlessly link evolution, development, and mechanism into a continuum of ‘causes’. The cause–consequence distinction separates the processes that precede (and lead to) a behavior, from the processes that come after (and result from) a behavior. Even for past behaviors, the functional outcomes are (historical) consequences of the causes that preceded them.