bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Cavitation Pressure Threshold in Focused Ultrasound Wave Fields applied to Sonosensitive, Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: George Benedikt , Lehner Markus , Fink Michael , Rupitsch Stefan J. , Ermert Helmut , Hiltl Pia T. , Savšek Ula , Lee Geoffrey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Employing sonosensitive nanoparticles as carriers of active pharmaceutical ingredients emerges in ultrasonic Drug Delivery. Drug release can be initiated by focused ultrasound via the effect of inertial cavitation in certain target areas of particle loaded tissue. For stimulating inertial cavitation, a specific peak rarefaction pressure threshold must be exceeded. This pressure threshold has to be determined in order to estimate the risk of tissue damage during the drug release procedure. Therefore, this study provides a method to reliably verify the cavitation pressure threshold of sonosensitive and biocompatible nanoparticles.
Validating a Numerical Simulation of Human Heart Motion Using Clinical Data
Authors: Müller Armin , Kovacheva Ekaterina , Fritz Marc Alexander , Dössel Olaf , Loewe Axel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Numerical simulations are increasingly often involved in developing new and improving existing medical therapies. While the models involved in those simulations are designed to resemble a specific phenomenon realistically, the results of the interplay of those models are often not sufficiently validated. We created a plugin for a cardiac simulation framework to validate the simulation results using clinical MRI data. The MRI data were used to create a static wholeheart mesh as well as slices from the left ventricular short axis, providing the motion over time. The static heart was a starting point for a simulation of the heart’s motion. From the simulation result, we created slices and compared them to the clinical MRI slices using two different metrics: the area of the slices and the point distances. The comparison showed global similarities in the deformation of simulated and clinical data, but also indicated points for potential improvements. Performing this comparison with more clinical data could lead to personalized modeling of elastomechanics of the heart.
Simulation system for intraoperative neuromonitoring
Authors: Thiel Robert , Haupt Peter , Jäkel Jens 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a simulation system (“patient model”) for intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) applied to mastoidectomy. IONM is an electrophysiological method for monitoring the integrity and localization of nerve tracts, which helps the surgeon to avoid injuries and damage to neural risk structures (e.g. facial nerve) during surgery. To use the IONM successfully, the surgeon needs appropriate training and experience. The presented simulation system provides training possibilities in a realistic, cost-efficient and reproducible way. In the simulation system, the position of the probe during training is determined by a magnetic tracking method. Depending on the distance to the virtual nerve, a synthetic electromyogram (EMG) signal is sent to a real neuromonitor. The trainee learns to interpret the output of the neuromonitor. The trainer can choose different training scenarios, such as localization of the nerve, milling or coagulating, using a web application.
Transverse dose profile simulation of extruded lines for a 3D printed models for superficial skin cancer therapy
Authors: Pashazadeh Ali , Friebe Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The short-range and sharp dose fall-off of beta particles in tissue make them an interesting option for use in the radiation therapy of superficial skin tumors. This can be used to protect bony or other sensitive structures located right beneath the tumor. In a previous study, we studied the feasibility of using 3D printing technology to create 2D radioactive models for the treatment of skin tumors. In the current study, the Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the transverse dose profile form 3D printed extruded line containing yttrium-90 (Y-90) particles. The time and activity required for treating a superficial skin tumor using these extruded lines were also calculated.
Web-based Prostate Visualization Tool
Authors: Oyarzun Cristina Laura , Hartwig Katrin , Hertlein Anna-Sophie , Jung Florian , Burmeister Jan , Kohlhammer Jörn , Wesarg Stefan , Sauter Guido 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Proper treatment of prostate cancer is essential to increase the survival chance. In this sense, numerous studies show how important the communication between all stakeholders in the clinic is. This communication is difficult because of the lack of conventions while referring to the location where a biopsy for diagnosis was taken. This becomes even more challenging taking into account that experts of different fields work on the data and have different requirements. In this paper a web-based communication tool is proposed that incorporates a visualization of the prostate divided into 27 segments according to the PI-RADS protocol. The tool provides 2 working modes that consider the requirements of radiologist and pathologist while keeping it consistent. The tool comprises all relevant information given by pathologists and radiologists, such as, severity grades of the disease or tumor length. Everything is visualized using a colour code for better undestanding.
Progressive Dynamic Time Warping for Noninvasive Blood Pressure Estimation
Authors: Pielmus Alexandru-Gabriel , Klum Michael , Tigges Timo , Orglmeister Reinhold , Urban Mike 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Arterial blood pressure is one of the most important cardiovascular parameters. Yet, current-generation devices for continuous, noninvasive acquisition are few, expensive and bulky. Novel signal processing applied to easily acquired unimodal signals can alleviate this issue, reducing size, cost and expanding the use of such devices to ambulatory, everyday settings. The features of pulse waves acquired by photo- or impedance-plethysmography can be used to estimate the underlying blood pressure. We present a progressive dynamic time warping algorithm, which implicitly parametrizes the morphological changes in these waves. This warping method is universally applicable to most pulse wave shapes, as it is largely independent of fiducial point detection or explicit parametrization. The algorithm performance is validated in a feature selection and regression framework against a continuous, noninvasive Finapres NOVA monitor, regarding systolic, mean and diastolic pressures during a light physical strain test protocol on four clinically healthy subjects (age18- 33, one female). The obtained mean error is 2.13 mmHg, the mean absolute error is 5.4 mmHg and the standard deviation is 5.6 mmHg. These results improve on our previous work on dynamic time warping. Using single-sensor, peripherally acquired pulse waves, progressive dynamic time warping can thus improve the flexibility of noninvasive, continuous blood pressure estimation.
Endoscopic filter fluorometer for emission detection of Protoporphyrin IX and its direct precursors in PDT and PDD
Authors: Boese Axel , Wagner Alexander , Friebe Michael , Bernd Liehr Uwe , Wendler Jakob Johann 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential option for treatment of cancer since it can be performed non- invasive for superficial cancers or minimal-invasive with low traumatization. But PDT is intrinsically inefficient due to the complex accumulation of the photosensitizing drug inside the tumor and the processes of heme syntheses to create the needed cell killing components. To optimize the outcome of PDT and increase acceptance as viable option it is necessary to predict the optimal time for the start of the treatment based on measurable precursors. A former cell study proposed a new filter fluorometer in a complex and sensitive setup. In this work we now designed and tested a simplified system that can be used in combination with standard endoscopic imaging systems. This system will be used as base to prove viability of this approach for a future clinical study.
Workflow and Human-Centered Risk Analysis for Novel Mechatronic Rescue Aids II.
Authors: Drobinsky Sergey , Verjans Mark , Schleer Philipp , Kolk Benedikt , Bensiek Henrike , Radermacher Klaus , Janß Armin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Paramedics face rising numbers of deployments every year. As obstacles like stairs occur often, paramedics must frequently manually carry patients and are thereby exposed to loads multitudes higher than recommended. This creates the need for patient transport aids (PTA), which can physically support paramedics in a wide variety of transport situations, without slowing down the transport. In this paper a workflow analysis for transport missions in an urban context and basic tasks for PTAs are presented. Subsequently, the high-level task modelling and human-centered risk analysis according to the HiFEM method are presented for the use case of a patient transport over stairs with a passive PTA, like a rescue chair, and an active PTA like the novel SEBARES prototype. The analysis shows that conventional PTA’s have a simple linear use process, however, impose excessive physical workloads, which cause risks like the paramedic or the PTA falling down the stairs. Contrary, active PTA’s reduce physical workloads, however, introduce additional concurrent steps, like identifying and correcting misalignments, which create further risks. In order to mitigate risks with active, stair climbing PTAs, either new kinematic designs or intelligent assistance functions, like automatic stair detection, are necessary.
Microstructured ceramic and metallic implant surfaces and their impact on the viscosity of a synovia fluid substitute
Authors: Philipp Drescher , Seitz Hermann , Oldorf Paul , Peters Rigo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of ring-shaped microstructures on the rheological properties of a synovial fluid substitute. Two different materials that are frequently used in endoprostheses have been chosen in order to study the lubricating effect of femtosecond-laser microstructured implant surfaces by measuring the apparent dynamic viscosity of the lubrication fluid. The two different materials are the ceramic Al2O3 and the metal alloy CoCrMo. The results show that an increase in the viscosity of the synovia fluid substitute can be achieved by specific microstructuring. An increase of viscosity of up to 40% compared to an unstructured reference was observed with ring-shaped microstructures with a diameter of 100 μm, a texture area density of 2.5 % and an aspect ratio of 0.66. The measurements have also shown that the ceramic material resulted in slightly higher viscosity values, compared to the metal alloy which can explained by dimensional deviations of the microstructures caused by the laser microstructuring.
Strong convergence of an inertial extrapolation method for a split system of minimization problems
Authors: Gebrie Anteneh Getachew , Wangkeeree Rabian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, we propose an inertial extrapolation-type algorithm for solving split system of minimization problems: finding a common minimizer point of a finite family of proper, lower semicontinuous convex functions and whose image under a linear transformation is also common minimizer point of another finite family of proper, lower semicontinuous convex functions. The strong convergence theorem is given in such a way that the step sizes of our algorithm are selected without the need for any prior information about the operator norm. The results obtained in this article improve and extend many recent ones in the literature. Finally, we give one numerical example to demonstrate the efficiency and implementation of our proposed algorithm.
Comparison of maternal third trimester hemodynamics between singleton pregnancy and twin pregnancy
Authors: Sima Romina-Marina , Findeklee Sebastian , Bădărău Ioana-Anca , Poenaru Mircea-Octavian , Scheau Cristian , Pleș Liana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The impedance cardiography (ICG) technique measures the variation of impedance in the thorax due to the physical contractile activity of the heart. Twin pregnancy is characterized by greater maternal hemodynamic changes than a singleton pregnancy.

Methods
In a study on 121 pregnant women in the last trimester we performed ICG, evaluating the following hemodynamic parameters: stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, ventricular ejection time, left ventricular ejection time, thoracic impedance, and systemic vascular resistance.

Results
The study included singleton and twin pregnancies. Heart rate values in women with single fetus was lower than in those carrying twins (85 vs. 100 beats/min, p=0.021) as were the stroke volume values (64 vs. 83 mL, p=0.010) and the cardiac output (p<0.0001). Systemic vascular resistance decreased in twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancy (p=0.023).

Conclusions
ICG studies are rare, and the validation of their results is an ongoing process. However, the ICG technique is applicable in the third trimester of pregnancy and can yield important information regarding the hemodynamic profile of singleton and twin pregnancies, revealing maternal heart changes specific to twin pregnancies.
Effect of extruded low-density polyethylene on the microstructural and mechanical properties of hot-press produced 3105 aluminum composites
Authors: Wapande Sadam Hamis , Elibol Cagatay , Konar Murat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of low-density polyethylene on the microstructural and mechanical properties of 3105 aluminum composites produced by the continuous hot-press method. This production method ensures superior flatness to the composite and excellent peel strength between the composite plies. To this end, the bond between AA3105 and low-density polyethylene was initially characterized using a T-Peel stripping test. Tensile tests were performed on AA3105, low-density polyethylene and 3105 aluminum composites for determining mechanical behavior. A scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the cross-sectional cuts of the 3105 aluminum composite specimens obtained from the tensile tests. The microstructural analysis shows that low-density polyethylene and AA3105 exhibit a good interfacial adhesion bond before the fracture of the first AA3105 sheet. The results of the tensile tests clearly show that the uniform elongation at maximum load (Ag) of the 3105 aluminum composite is higher than that of AA3105. Furthermore, AA3105 exhibits negative strain rate sensitivity due to dynamic strain aging while 3105 aluminum composite exhibits a higher strain-hardening exponent than AA3105. Due to the higher strain rate sensitivity and strain hardening exponent, the 3105 aluminum composite exhibits higher formability than AA3105. This is of crucial importance for the manufacturing process.
Wear resistance of HVOF sprayed NiSiCrFeB, WC-Co/NiSiCrFeB, WC-Co, and WC-Cr3C2-Ni rice harvesting blades
Authors: Khuengpukheiw Ronnarit , Saikaew Charnnarong , Wisitsoraat Anurat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, NiSiCrFeB, WC-Co/NiSiCrFeB, WC-Co, and WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings were sprayed on rice harvesting blade surfaces using a high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Each of the rice harvesting blades was sprayed with one of four coating materials using different spraying durations. The effects of coating materials and spraying durations on the average values of coated blade volume loss, hardness and surface roughness (Ra) were studied through real rice-harvesting field tests. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a multiple comparison approach with Tukey’s test were used in order to conduct a comparative performance analysis of the coating materials of rice harvesting blades. The experimental results indicated that the NiSiCrFeB coating exhibited the highest volume loss compared with all others. In addition, the WC-Co-coated blade had significantly greater hardness than those coated with NiSiCrFeB, WC-Co/NiSiCrFeB, or WC-Cr3C2-Ni. The rice harvesting blade coated with either WC-Co/NiSiCrFeB, WC-Co, or WC-Cr3C2-Ni using the shortest spraying duration was recommended for installation in rice harvesting machines.
The crystal structure of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N,N-diethylammonium chloride, C6H15Cl2N
Authors: Muller Kina , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C6H15Cl2N, triclinic, P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.9579(4) Å, b = 8.1852(5) Å, c = 8.7912(5) Å, α = 66.606(2)°, β = 86.105(3)°, γ = 89.834(2)°, V = 458.30(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0226, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0599, T = 200 K.
Seafloor and sediment characteristics of pulp mill waste discharges in the 20th century: Framework data for Boat Harbour, Nova Scotia, remediation projects and for baseline surveys of new pulp waste outfall installations in Northumberland Strait
Authors: Schafer Charles T. 
Published: February 2021

During the 20th century, contamination of marine environments by Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent (PPE) resulted in the imposition of federal government regulations in 1971 that were revised and strengthened in 1992. This report reviews seafloor sediment features for three marine settings (intertidal, subtidal and prodelta) arising from 20th century PPE discharges from four pulp and paper mills, one located near New Richmond, Quebec, and three situated along the lower reaches of the Saguenay River, Quebec. The four mills began operations between 1965 and the early 1900’s. Observations of their proximal and distal sediment and Foraminifera characteristics in relation to PPE discharge outfalls offer guidance for the remediation of potentially toxic, multi-decadal waste accumulations in several lagoons of Boat Harbour, Nova Scotia. Seafloor environmental data discussed for a fifth mill’s subtidal outfall, located on the eastern shore of Canso Strait, may be particularly germane for selecting the site and baseline environmental survey criteria for a new PPE submarine outfall that has been proposed (presently rejected) by Northern Pulp Company for the Caribou Harbour area of the Northumberland Strait coast, in the event that the currently closed mill is permitted to be reactivated in the future. Keywords: effluent, environmental effects, organic matter, pulp mill waste, sediments
Social Insurance for Doctoral Students of Doctoral Schools
Authors: Ryś Krystian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The reform of the doctoral student education system, resulting in a departure from conducting third degree studies in favour of doctoral schools, resulted in changes in the field of social security law. The status of a doctoral student receiving a doctoral scholarship has become independent grounds for compulsory retirement, disability and accident insurance. At the same time, it is the basis for voluntary sickness insurance. The author criticises the granting of doctoral students the right to acquire cover under this type of insurance. Their actual situation when receiving a doctoral scholarship is far different from the situation of other persons (grounds) covered by sickness insurance. The author also discusses the issue of coincidences of grounds for social insurance of doctoral students. The legislator categorised the collection of a doctoral scholarship in the group of absolute grounds for insurance. Unfortunately, it omitted in the regulation of Art. 9 sec. 1a of the Act on Social Insurance System a reference to the basis of the contributions on the received scholarship, which in extreme cases may lead to a significant extension of the doctoral student’s social insurance obligation.
Granting the Academic Title of Professor. Some Reflections on the Regulations Contained in Law on Higher Education and Science
Authors: Sieniuć Magdalena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Law on Higher Education and Science of 20 July 2018, entered into force on 1 October 2018, introduced changes concerning the prerequisites for the acquisition of the academic title of professor and the procedure for awarding it. The stage of proceedings before the board of an organisational unit (e.g. Faculty Council) was also abandoned, which in fact led the procedure beyond the ‘walls of the university’ and limited it to the stage of proceedings before the Council of Scientific Excellence. The author considers selected issues relating to the Professor’s academic title, concerning the premise for awarding it, the course of the proceedings in this subject and the entities taking part in them, as well as the role played by the President of the Republic of Poland in these proceedings. As a result of the considerations conducted, the author assumed that the most far-reaching change was the legislator’s resignation from the stage of proceedings before the council of the entity from which the candidate for the title of professor had come from, assuming that the role of the President of the Republic of Poland in this process had not undergone any significant changes. He remains bound by the opinions of the reviewers appointed by the Council of Scientific Excellence and its position expressed in the administrative decision issued on the application for the academic title. In accordance with the viewpoint of the author, due to the resignation of the legislator from the stage of proceedings before an individual’s council, the opinions of the reviewers expressed in the justification of the Council of Scientific Excellence decision are now, in principle, the only emanation of the assessment of the scientific community expressed in this procedure.
Clinical, Socio-Demographic Profile and Stressors in Patients with Conversion/Dissociative Disorders: An Exploratory Study from Southern India
Authors: Bashar Abu 
Published: February 2021

Background Patients present with ‘conversion disorder’ as a response to the underlying stressful conditions. It is clinically important to evaluate the presence, type, and temporal relation of the stressors resulting in conversion. Further knowing the Socio-demographic and psychological profile of the conversion patient helps in their better management. Aim To study the clinical features and presentations, Socio-demographic characteristics, and underlying psychosocial stressors associated with conversion disorder.Material & Methods Fifty patients admitted to the department of psychiatry, NRI Medical College and Hospital, Vishakhapatnam, India from 1st January 2013 to 31st December, 2014 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were evaluated for socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, and stressors on a semi-structured proforma.Results Majority of the patients with conversion symptoms were children and young adults (74.0%), females (62.0%), students (46.0%), currently married (54.0%) and those living in nuclear families (78.0%) and having rural background (62.0%). Socioeconomic status wise, majority (66.0%) of the patients belonged to middle class. Majority of the patients (92.0%) had a recognizable precipitating factor, of which family-related/marital (36.0%) and education/school-related (18.0%) problems accounted for the major types. Purely motor symptoms were the predominant presentation (84.0%) with unresponsiveness /syncopal attack and pseudo seizure being the commonest.Conclusion Conversion disorders are commonly seen in females, children and young adults, students and in those people belonging to middle class in socioeconomic status and rural areas. Underlying psychosocial stressors could be identifiable in majority of the cases of conversion disorder.