bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concluding Remarks on the Negative Natural Rate of Interest
Authors: von Weizsäcker Carl Christian , Krämer Hagen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Great Divergence: The period of production T is not rising anymore. The “waiting period” Z is rising over time with the rising standard of living and rising life expectancy, and this is the case worldwide. In the interest of full employment, the public debt periodD has to compensate for this divergence: T = Z − D. Using an extrapolation procedure that we have developed and the available empirical data, we calculate total private wealth in the OECD plus China region. Net public debt already accounts for nearly half of private wealth today. COVID-19 increases the optimal steady-statepublic debt period. Both our theory and our empirical findings are increasingly confirmed by the work of other economists: for example, by Lawrence Summers’secular stagnation thesis and by the study of Jordà, Schularick and others on the secular evolution of private wealth.
Die Videosprechstunde in einer unfallchirurgisch/orthopädischen Spezialsprechstunde
Authors: Theopold Jan , Osterhoff Georg , Melcher Peter , Henkelmann Ralf , Hepp Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Rahmen der Kontaktbeschränkungen aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie vom März 2020 wurde zur Aufrechterhaltung der Patientenversorgung eine videobasierte Sprechstunde eingeführt. Als Basis einer kontaktminimierenden Kommunikation wurde diese nach den Maßnahmen fortgeführt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser prospektiven Pilotstudie ist die Beurteilung hinsichtlich der Effektivität, der technischen Machbarkeit sowie der Steuerung von Patientenströmen sowohl unter Lockdown-Bedingungen sowie in der Zeit danach.

Material und Methoden
Die Auswertung erfolgte vom Beginn des ersten Lockdowns am 16.03.2020 bis zum Stichtag der zweiten einschränkenden Maßnahmen am 14.12.2020. Dokumentiert wurde die Qualität der Verbindungen bezüglich Ton und Bild. Weiterhin wurden die Konsequenzen aus den Gesprächen dokumentiert. Unterschieden wurde hierbei in 4 Kategorien: 1. keine erneute Vorstellung, 2. Wiedervorstellung in der Videosprechstunde, 3. operative Therapie und 4. Vorstellung zur klinischen Untersuchung.

Ergebnisse
Es erfolgten 236 Patientenvorstellungen mittels Videosprechstunde. Insgesamt erfolgten 182 (82 %) Gespräche ohne Einschränkungen. Bei 47 (21 %) Konsultationen handelte es sich um Erstvorstellungen. Bei 41 (18 %) Patienten erfolgte keine erneute Vorstellung. Bei 36 (16 %) Patienten wurde eine Wiedervorstellung in der Videosprechstunde geplant, bei 36 (16 %) Patienten erfolgte die direkte Einweisung zur Operation, und bei 105 (47 %) Patienten wurde eine Wiedervorstellung zur klinischen Untersuchung vereinbart.

Diskussion
Bei 40 % der Patienten konnte durch den Kontakt in der Videosprechstunde eine definitive Entscheidung gestellt werden. Auf der anderen Seite erfolgte bei 47 % der Patienten eine Vorstellung zur klinischen Untersuchung. Die Videosprechstunde ist eine sehr nützliche Maßnahme, um Patientenaufkommen zu leiten und den direkten Arzt-Patient-Kontakt sichtbar zu unterstützten.
Apparent diffusion coefficient cannot discriminate metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in rectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Surov Alexey , Meyer Hans-Jonas , Pech Maciej , Powerski Maciej , Omari Jasan , Wienke Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Our aim was to provide data regarding use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for distinguishing metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes (LN) in rectal cancer.

Methods
MEDLINE library, EMBASE, and SCOPUS database were screened for associations between DWI and metastatic and non-metastatic LN in rectal cancer up to February 2021. Overall, 9 studies were included into the analysis. Number, mean value, and standard deviation of DWI parameters including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of metastatic and non-metastatic LN were extracted from the literature. The methodological quality of the studies was investigated according to the QUADAS-2 assessment. The meta-analysis was undertaken by using RevMan 5.3 software. DerSimonian, and Laird random-effects models with inverse-variance weights were used to account the heterogeneity between the studies. Mean DWI values including 95% confidence intervals were calculated for metastatic and non-metastatic LN.

Results
ADC values were reported for 1376 LN, 623 (45.3%) metastatic LN, and 754 (54.7%) non-metastatic LN. The calculated mean ADC value (× 10−3 mm2/s) of metastatic LN was 1.05, 95%CI (0.94, 1.15). The calculated mean ADC value of the non-metastatic LN was 1.17, 95%CI (1.01, 1.33). The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 0.81, 95%CI (0.74, 0.89) and 0.67, 95%CI (0.54, 0.79).

Conclusion
No reliable ADC threshold can be recommended for distinguishing of metastatic and non-metastatic LN in rectal cancer.
Numerical modeling of bulk flow on a pelletizing disc in different rotational regimes
Authors: Gladky Anton , Lieberwirth Holger , Lampke Jan , Schwarze Rüdiger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPelletizing processes are used in various industries to agglomerate fine materials. Investigation of this process is important for optimizing corresponding equipment and machines. In this article the particle-based discrete element method is used to simulate the particle behavior of a dry material on an inclined rotating disc (pelletizing disc). The process is modelled in different rotation regimes and by varying the inclination angle of the disc. Qualitative model verification is performed by a comparison of numerical simulations with experimental data. Contact data is used to analyze the flow mode of the simulated material and for detecting critical rotation speeds.
Predictive Value of Dynamic Peri-Transplantation MRD Assessed By MFC Either Alone or in Combination with Other Variables for Outcomes of Patients with T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Wang Zhi-dong , Wang Yue-wen , Xu Lan-ping , Zhang Xiao-hui , Wang Yu , Chen Huan , Chen Yu-hong , Wang Feng-rong , Han Wei , Sun Yu-qian , Yan Chen-hua , Tang Fei-fei , Mo Xiao-dong , Wang Ya-zhe , Liu Yan-rong , Liu Kai-yan , Huang Xiao-jun , Chang Ying-jun 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe performed a retrospective analysis to investigate dynamic peri-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) on outcomes in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). A total of 271 patients were enrolled and classified into three groups: unchanged negative MRD pre- and post-HSCT group (group A), post-MRD non-increase group (group B), and post-MRD increase group (group C). The patients in group B and group C experienced a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (42% vs. 71% vs. 16%, P<0.001) and lower leukemia-free survival (LFS) (46% vs. 21% vs. 70%, P<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (50% vs. 28% vs. 72%, P<0.001) than in group A, but there was no significant difference in non-relapse mortality (NRM) among three groups (14% vs. 12% vs. 8%, P=0.752). Multivariate analysis showed that dynamic peri-HSCT MRD was associated with CIR (HR=2.392, 95% CI, 1.816–3.151, P<0.001), LFS (HR=1.964, 95% CI, 1.546–2.496, P<0.001) and OS (HR=1.731, 95% CI, 1.348–2.222, P<0.001). We also established a risk scoring system based on dynamic peri-HSCT MRD combined with remission status pre-HSCT and onset of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This risk scoring system could better distinguish CIR (c=0.730) than that for pre-HSCT MRD (c=0.562), post-HSCT MRD (c=0.616) and pre- and post-MRD dynamics (c=0.648). Our results confirm the outcome predictive value of dynamic peri-HSCT MRD either alone or in combination with other variables for patients with T-ALL.
Professionelle Urteilsbildung in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Dörr Margret , Klomann Verena 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungUrteilsbildung in der Sozialen Arbeit ist anspruchsvoll und komplex. Trotzdem ist der Prozess der Urteilsbildung bisher selten Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Betrachtungen. Der Beitrag führt in den Schwerpunkt „Professionelle Urteilsbildung in der Sozialen Arbeit“ ein und stellt die einzelnen Beiträge kurz vor.
Welt im Umbruch – Deutschland braucht eine „Realpolitik im deutschen Interesse“
Authors: Gauland Alexander , Hampel Armin-Paulus 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDeutschland steht auf der Weltbühne großen Herausforderungen gegenüber. Alte Mächte sind in der Krise und neue Machtzentren geben den Ton an. Regionale Konflikte wie in Afrika und Kriege wie in Syrien haben unmittelbare Auswirkungen auf Deutschland und Europa: wachsender Migrationsdruck und soziale Verwerfungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund schwankt die deutsche Außenpolitik zwischen Selbstverzwergung und dem Anspruch, „Weltmacht der Menschenrechte“ sein zu wollen. Als AfD fordern wir eine Rückbesinnung auf realpolitisches Handeln in der Außenpolitik.
Sandstone reservoir characteristics of Rio Del Rey basin, Cameroon, using well-logging analysis
Authors: Domra Kana Janvier , Diab Ahmad Ahmad , Gouet Daniel Hervé , Djimhoudouel Xavier , Koah Na Lebogo Serge Parfait 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present work deals with an interpretation of well log data (gamma ray (GR), resistivity, density, and neutron) from four wells, namely P-1, P-2, P-3 and P-4 in the study area of the Rio Del Rey basin. The well logs analysis indicates five potential sandstone reservoirs at the P-1, two at the P-2, four at the P-3 and six at the P-4. The neutron–density-GR logs highlight the sandstone gas reservoir characterized by high resistivity and crossover between neutron density. The neutron–density-GR cross-plot confirms the presence of sandstone containing hydrocarbons by a displacement of the cloud of points, from low to medium GR values, from the sandstone line to the left. Petrophysical parameters exhibit the value 12–41% for a volume of shale, 15–34% for effective porosity, 29–278 mD for permeability and 3–63% for water saturation. The three potential hydrocarbon reservoir saturation ranges from 22 to 45%. The study will contribute to future offshore oil and gas exploration and development in the Rio Del Rey basin, based on the geological and geophysical characteristics of the reservoirs delineated.
Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Gebauer Alexander , Petersen Johannes , Konertz Johanna , Brickwedel Jens , Schulte-Uentrop Leonie , Reichenspurner Hermann , Girdauskas Evaldas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are multimodal and multi-professional strategies to enhance postoperative convalescence and thereby reduce the length of hospital stay and hospital-associated complications. This review provides an up-to-date overview about basic principles of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, their transfer into cardiac surgery, and their current state of evidence. It is supposed to offer clinical implications for further adaptations and implementations of such protocols in cardiac surgery.Recent FindingsERAS protocols are a story of success in numerous surgical disciplines and led to a paradigm shift in perioperative care and the establishment of ERAS Cardiac Society, a non-profit organization that provides evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for further development of enhanced recovery protocols, trying to harmonize the many existing efforts of individual approaches for cardiac surgery.SummaryPromising results from comprehensive ERAS protocols in cardiac surgery emerged. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of high-quality data about holistic approaches in cardiac surgery and further efforts need to be promoted.
2021 revised algorithm for the management of knee osteoarthritis—the Chinese viewpoint
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Huang Cibo , Cao Yongping , Mu Rong , Zhang Mun Chan , Xing Dan , Fan Dongwei , Ding Yunpong , Guo Junhuan , Hou Yong , Jianhao Lin , Veronese Nicola , Reginster Jean-Yves , Bruyere Olivier , Cavalier Etienne , Zhang Huaihuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) algorithm for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is available worldwide from 2014, but in 2019 an update was published. Based on this algorithm, a Working Group (WG), including ESCEO members and Chinese experts, wished to see how the new ESCEO algorithm was perceived by Chinese experts in knee OA and how it was integrated into their clinical practice.

Methods
A WG was held between members of the international ESCEO task force and a group of Chinese experts.

Results
Non-pharmacological approach should be combined with pharmacological interventions. In step 1, symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) are the most important background drugs. Evidence, supported by high-quality research, is available only for crystalline glucosamine sulfate (pCGS) and chondroitin sulfate. Topical NSAIDs could be used as an additional option. In step 2, oral NSAIDs could be useful, but cardiovascular/renal/gastrointestinal profiles of the patients should be considered. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids are alternative to oral NSAIDs, but the evidence is still limited. If steps 1 and 2 are not sufficient, weak opioids could be used. Overall, the conclusions of the ESCEO algorithm are accepted in China for products available in this country. The WG suggests the importance of economic studies, specifically made in China.

Conclusion
This work provides evidence-based advice to establish a treatment algorithm in knee OA, for practical implementation in clinical practice in China.
The Spatial Structure and Local Experience of Residential Segregation
Authors: Roberto Elizabeth , Korver-Glenn Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examines the extent to which road connectivity and physical barriers—such as highways, railroad tracks, and waterways—structure spatial patterns of racial and ethnic residential segregation and shape how segregation is locally experienced by residents. Our focus is on physical barriers that are also social boundaries—features of the built environment that reducephysicalconnectivity and mark asocialboundary between geographic areas. We measure residential segregation with attention to the proximity and road connectivity between locations, which allows us to identify areas where physical barriers mark a social boundary between geographic areas with different racial and ethnic compositions. Our approach integrates ethnographic observation of three such areas in Houston, Texas, to investigate residents' perceptions and local experience of social and spatial division. The results reveal that physical barriers are associated with heightened levels of ethnoracial segregation, and residents experience the barriers as symbolic markers of perceived distinctions between groups and physical impediments to social connection. Although barriers like highways, railroad tracks, and bayous are not inherently harbingers of ethnoracial segregation, our study demonstrates that physical barriers can provide the infrastructure for social boundaries and facilitate durable neighborhood racial divisions.
NGOs – die besseren Unternehmen oder business as usual?
Authors: Joachim Jutta , Schneiker Andrea 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungNichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs), so der Befund aus Wissenschaft und Praxis, übernehmen immer häufiger Praktiken und Strukturen von Wirtschaftsunternehmen. In diesem Kontext ist oftmals von einer „Kommerzialisierung“ von NGOs die Rede, die in unterschiedlichen politikwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen erforscht wird. Die Dritte-Sektor-Forschung, die Protest- und Bewegungsforschung, die Forschung zu NGOs in den Internationalen Beziehungen befassen sich jedoch jeweils nur mit Teildimensionen des Kommerzialisierungs-Phänomens und betrachten entweder nur damit verbundene organisationsinterne Veränderungen oder nach außen gerichtetes Organisationshandeln. Daher fehlt es einerseits an Wissen darüber, wie umfassend die Kommerzialisierung von NGOs vorangeschritten ist und welche Wechselbeziehungen es zwischen einzelnen Dimensionen der Kommerzialisierung gibt. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, trägt der Aufsatz nicht nur die unterschiedlichen Erkenntnisse der verschiedenen Disziplinen zusammen, sondern entwickelt auch ein analytisch-konzeptionelles Instrumentarium, auf dessen Basis die diversen Dimensionen von Kommerzialisierung identifiziert und analytisch getrennt voneinander betrachtet werden und Forschungsdesiderata benannt werden können.
Assistierte Fertilisation
Authors: Stiller Ruth 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungUngewollte Kinderlosigkeit ist ein ernst zu nehmendes Problem. Für viele Paare stellt der Wunsch nach einem Kind einen zentralen Lebensinhalt dar. Gemäss der „World Health Organisation“ (WHO) liegt eine Sterilität vor, wenn trotz regelmässigem und ungeschütztem Geschlechtsverkehr nach 1 Jahr noch keine Schwangerschaft eingetreten ist. Die Prävalenz variiert je nach Land. Es wird geschätzt, dass in der westlichen Welt ca. jedes 7. Paar betroffen ist. Zahlreiche Gründe können für eine ungewollte Kinderlosigkeit verantwortlich sein. Vor Beginn einer Sterilitätstherapie sollten diese abgeklärt werden, um eine optimale Wahl der Sterilitätstherapie treffen zu können. Die assistiert-reproduktionsmedizinischen Techniken stellen wichtige Therapieoptionen mit guten Erfolgschancen dar. Mit dem Inkrafttreten des revidierten Fortpflanzungsmedizingesetztes der Schweiz ist es nun auch möglich, Verfahren, die früher nur im Ausland erfolgen konnten, im Inland durchzuführen. So kann mittlerweile Paaren mit schweren Erbleiden auch im eigenen Land eine Präimplantationsdiagnostik erfolgreich angeboten werden.
An investigation on the suitability of modern nondestructive testing methods for the inspection of specimens manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Kolb Cara G. , Zier Katja , Grager Jan-Carl , Bachmann Andreas , Neuwirth Tobias , Schmid Simon , Haag Maria , Axtner Markus , Bayerlein Fabian , Grosse Christian U. , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is increasingly used to fabricate functional parts used in safety-relevant applications. To ensure that the sophisticated part specifications are achieved, 100% quality inspections are performed subsequent to the buildup process. However, knowledge about the detectability of defects in L-PBF parts using NDT methods is limited. This paper analyzes the suitability of NDT techniques in an ex situ environment, in particular active infrared thermography, neutron grating interferometry (nGI), X-ray computed tomography, and ultrasonic testing for the examination of L-PBF parts made from Inconel 718. Based on a test specimen with artificially inserted defects with varying dimensions and depths, these NDT techniques were compared in terms of their attainable resolution and thus defect detection capability. The empirical studies revealed that nGI shows the highest resolution capability. It was possible to detect defects with a diameter of 100–200 m at a depth of 60–80 $${\upmu } \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

. The results are discussed with regard to their relevance for the examination of L-PBF parts and thus not only contribute to a better understanding of the potential of the NDT techniques in comparison but also assist stakeholders in additive manufacturing in evaluating the suitability of the NDT techniques investigated.
Warning users about cyber threats through sounds
Authors: Datta Prerit , Namin Akbar Siami , Jones Keith S. , Hewett Rattikorn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper reports a formative evaluation of auditory representations of cyber security threat indicators and cues, referred to as sonifications, to warn users about cyber threats. Most Internet browsers provide visual cues and textual warnings to help users identify when they are at risk. Although these alarming mechanisms are very effective in informing users, there are certain situations and circumstances where these alarming techniques are unsuccessful in drawing the user’s attention: (1) security warnings and features (e.g., blocking out malicious Websites) might overwhelm a typical Internet user and thus the users may overlook or ignore visual and textual warnings and, as a result, they might be targeted, (2) these visual cues are inaccessible to certain users such as those with visual impairments. This work is motivated by our previous work of the use of sonification of security warnings to users who are visually impaired. To investigate the usefulness of sonification in general security settings, this work uses real Websites instead of simulated Web applications with sighted participants. The study targets sonification for three different types of security threats: (1) phishing, (2) malware downloading, and (3) form filling. The results show that on average 58% of the participants were able to correctly remember what the sonification conveyed. Additionally, about 73% of the participants were able to correctly identify the threat that the sonification represented while performing tasks using real Websites. Furthermore, the paper introduces “CyberWarner”, a sonification sandbox that can be installed on the Google Chrome browser to enable auditory representations of certain security threats and cues that are designed based on several URL heuristics.

Article highlights

It is feasible to develop sonified cyber security threat indicators that users intuitively understand with minimal experience and training.

Users are more cautious about malicious activities in general. However, when navigating real Websites, they are less informed. This might be due to the appearance of the navigating Websites or the overwhelming issues when performing tasks.

Participants’ qualitative responses indicate that even when they did not remember what the sonification conveyed, the sonification was able to capture the user’s attention and take safe actions in response.
Huerto Alegre: an ecocentric socio-educational experience as a critical practice of education for sustainable development
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Francisco Miguel , Fernández-Herrería Alfonso 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the innovative socio-educational experience ofHuerto Alegre(Spain), linking it to a critical perspective of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Going beyond the ‘pluralist practices’ associated with the ESD, our case study seeks to redefine ESD from a critical and ecocentric perspective within the context of the Earth Charter (EC). Huerto Alegre’s social-educational programme is aimed at children and young people with the objective of creating critical thinking and fostering connections between school and the natural environment by working collaboratively with teaching professionals. The methodology of the paper focuses on a content analysis of the centre’s key documents and on the narratives of students, in addition to an in-depth interview with its director. It also presents a critical reconstruction of the subject. This complements, and gives meaning to, the theoretical debates surrounding ESD — debates that call for structural changes to our current model of society.