bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain–computer interface robotics for hand rehabilitation after stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Baniqued Paul Dominick E. , Stanyer Emily C. , Awais Muhammad , Alazmani Ali , Jackson Andrew E. , Mon-Williams Mark A. , Mushtaq Faisal , Holt Raymond J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHand rehabilitation is core to helping stroke survivors regain activities of daily living. Recent studies have suggested that the use of electroencephalography-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can promote this process. Here, we report the first systematic examination of the literature on the use of BCI-robot systems for the rehabilitation of fine motor skills associated with hand movement and profile these systems from a technical and clinical perspective.MethodsA search for January 2010–October 2019 articles using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PEDro, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore and Cochrane Library databases was performed. The selection criteria included BCI-hand robotic systems for rehabilitation at different stages of development involving tests on healthy participants or people who have had a stroke. Data fields include those related to study design, participant characteristics, technical specifications of the system, and clinical outcome measures.Results30 studies were identified as eligible for qualitative review and among these, 11 studies involved testing a BCI-hand robot on chronic and subacute stroke patients. Statistically significant improvements in motor assessment scores relative to controls were observed for three BCI-hand robot interventions. The degree of robot control for the majority of studies was limited to triggering the device to perform grasping or pinching movements using motor imagery. Most employed a combination of kinaesthetic and visual response via the robotic device and display screen, respectively, to match feedback to motor imagery.Conclusion19 out of 30 studies on BCI-robotic systems for hand rehabilitation report systems at prototype or pre-clinical stages of development. We identified large heterogeneity in reporting and emphasise the need to develop a standard protocol for assessing technical and clinical outcomes so that the necessary evidence base on efficiency and efficacy can be developed.
Cohesin promotes HSV-1 lytic transcription by facilitating the binding of RNA Pol II on viral genes
Authors: Li Xin , Yu Yafen , Lang Fengchao , Chen Guijun , Wang Erlin , Li Lihong , Li Zhuoran , Yang Liping , Cao Xia , Fraser Nigel W. , Zhou Jumin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Herpes Simplex Virus type I (HSV-1) is a large double-stranded DNA virus that enters productive infection in epithelial cells and reorganizes the host nucleus. Cohesin, a major constituent of interphase and mitotic chromosomes comprised of SMC1, SMC3, and SCC1 (Mcd1/Rad21), SCC3 (SA1/SA2), have diverse functions, including sister chromatid cohesion, DNA double-stranded breaks repair, and transcriptional control. Little is known about the role of cohesin in HSV-1 lytic infection.

Methods
We measured the effect on HSV-1 transcription, genome copy number, and viral titer by depleting cohesin components SMC1 or Rad21 using RNAi, followed by immunofluorescence, qPCR, and ChIP experiments to gain insight into cohesin's function in HSV-1 transcription and replication.

Results
Here, we report that cohesion subunits SMC1 and Rad21 are recruited to the lytic HSV-1 replication compartment. The knockdown results in decreased viral transcription, protein expression, and maturation of viral replication compartments. SMC1 and Rad21 knockdown leads to the reduced overall RNA pol II occupancy level but increased RNA pol II ser5 phosphorylation binding on viral genes. Consistent with this, the knockdown increased H3K27me3 modification on these genes.

Conclusions
These results suggest that cohesin facilitates HSV-1 lytic transcription by promoting RNA Pol II transcription activity and preventing chromatin's silencing on the viral genome.
Caffeine improves biochemical and specific performance after judo training: a double-blind crossover study in a real judo training situation
Authors: Carmo Kelvin Euton Oliveira , Pérez Diego Ignácio Valenzuela , Valido Charles Nardelli , dos Santos Jymmys Lopes , Miarka Bianca , Mendes-Netto Raquel Simões , Leite Marina Macedo Rodrigues , Antoniêtto Naiara Ribeiro , Aedo-Muñoz Esteban Ariel , Brito Ciro José 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Nutritional ergogenic aids are foods or nutrients that can improve physical performance. Among these foods with ergogenic properties, caffeine has shown that it can increase the fat catabolism, strength, and improve the cognition and time reaction of an athlete, therefore, it is hoped that it can improve the performance of judokas. This study through a double-blind crossover (supplement X placebo) protocol, investigated the effects caffeine supplementation (single capsule containing 5 mg/kg body mass intake 60 min before the session) on biochemical, anthropometrical, physical, subjective and hemodynamic variables measured before, during and after two typical judo trainingcxs sessions (120-min: 40-min of gymnastics; 40-min of specific technics and; 40-min of judo combat).

Methods
8 high-level athletes (21.4 ± 2.0 years; 83.6 ± 15.2 kg; 1.8 ± 0.1 m; 17.9 ± 7.0 Fat%) were evaluated before and after each training for body mass, hydration, upper and lower limb power, performance in the special judo fitness test (SJFT), free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma, uric acid, glucose, lactate, heart rate, and pain. In addition, heart rate, FFA in plasma, uric acid, glucose, lactate, rating of perceived exertion and pain were assessed during the training.

Results
At 120 min, supplementation resulted in a higher concentration of plasma FFA (1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mmol/L; p = 0.047) and lactate (4.9 ± 1.8 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2 mmol/L; p = 0.047), and a lower concentration of uric acid (5.4 ± 0.9 vs. 7.0 ± 1.5 mg/dL; p = 0.04). Supplementation also resulted in performance maintenance (fatigue index) in the SJFT (Δ0.3 ± 2.0 vs Δ1.7 ± 2.5, for caffeine and placebo respectively, p = 0.046). No adverse effects were observed.

Conclusion
Based on the applied dose, intake time, and sample of this study, we can conclude that caffeine produces an ergogenic biochemical effect, and improves performance in judo athletes.
Relationship of post-traumatic stress disorder with disrespect and abuse during childbirth in a group of Iranian postpartum women: a prospective study
Authors: Hajizadeh Khadije , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Disrespect and abuse (D&A) violate the fundamental principles of ethics, human rights, and basic obligations to protect and relieve patients. This study aimed to identify the status of D&A and its relationship with the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Iranian women.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted on 288 mothers admitted to the maternity wards of three public and three private hospitals in Tabriz. The data collection tools were socio-demographic and obstetric questionnaires as well as D&A (6–18 h postpartum) and PTSD (one month postpartum) scales, which were completed by participants in interviews. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to determine the relationship between PTSD and D&A in adjusting the socio-demographic and obstetric variables.

Results
In this study, 74.7% of mothers reported one or multiple types of D&A. According to the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, 16.3% of the participants experienced postpartum PTSD. The mean (± standard deviation) of the PTSD score was reported 7.32 (± 2.0) in the women experiencing D&A, whereas it was 1.0 (± 0.0) in the women having no experiences of D&A. According to the Mann–Whitney U test results, there was a significant relationship between the total and all subscales of PTSD score and D&A (p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression results indicated that the likelihood of PTSD was significantly lower in the participants without any D&A experiences than in those with D&A experiences (aOR: 0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.58; p = 0.015).

Conclusion
Given the PTSD–D&A relationship, it is recommended to improve maternal care in maternity facilities to prevent any unintended PTSD complications.
Comprehensive metabolic profiling of Parkinson’s disease by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Shao Yaping , Li Tianbai , Liu Zheyi , Wang Xiaolin , Xu Xiaojiao , Li Song , Xu Guowang , Le Weidong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurological disease in the elderly with increasing morbidity and mortality. Despite enormous efforts, rapid and accurate diagnosis of PD is still compromised. Metabolomics defines the final readout of genome-environment interactions through the analysis of the entire metabolic profile in biological matrices. Recently, unbiased metabolic profiling of human sample has been initiated to identify novel PD metabolic biomarkers and dysfunctional metabolic pathways, however, it remains a challenge to define reliable biomarker(s) for clinical use.MethodsWe presented a comprehensive metabolic evaluation for identifying crucial metabolic disturbances in PD using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. Plasma samples from 3 independent cohorts (n = 460, 223 PD, 169 healthy controls (HCs) and 68 PD-unrelated neurological disease controls) were collected for the characterization of metabolic changes resulted from PD, antiparkinsonian treatment and potential interferences of other diseases. Unbiased multivariate and univariate analyses were performed to determine the most promising metabolic signatures from all metabolomic datasets. Multiple linear regressions were applied to investigate the associations of metabolites with age, duration time and stage of PD. The combinational biomarker model established by binary logistic regression analysis was validated by 3 cohorts.ResultsA list of metabolites including amino acids, acylcarnitines, organic acids, steroids, amides, and lipids from human plasma of 3 cohorts were identified. Compared with HC, we observed significant reductions of fatty acids (FFAs) and caffeine metabolites, elevations of bile acids and microbiota-derived deleterious metabolites, and alterations in steroid hormones in drug-naïve PD. Additionally, we found that L-dopa treatment could affect plasma metabolome involved in phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism and alleviate the elevations of bile acids in PD. Finally, a metabolite panel of 4 biomarker candidates, including FFA 10:0, FFA 12:0, indolelactic acid and phenylacetyl-glutamine was identified based on comprehensive discovery and validation workflow. This panel showed favorable discriminating power for PD.ConclusionsThis study may help improve our understanding of PD etiopathogenesis and facilitate target screening for therapeutic intervention. The metabolite panel identified in this study may provide novel approach for the clinical diagnosis of PD in the future.
Irigenin exerts anticancer effects on human liver cancer cells via induction of mitochondrial apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Xu Wanggang , Kuang Yingmin , Wang Dan , Li Zhen , Xia Renpin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIrigenin has been reported to exhibit remarkable anticancer effects against several human cancers. Nonetheless, the anticancer effects of irigenin against the human liver cancer cells are still largely unexplored. Consistently, this study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of irigenin against human liver cancer cells and to unveil the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that irigenin significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the growth of the human HepG2 and SNU-182 liver cancer cells with an IC50value of 14 µM. Nonetheless, the cytotoxic effects of irigenin against the normal THLE-2 cells were comparatively lower as evident from the IC50of 120 μM. The AO/EB and DAPI staining showed that irigenin induces apoptosis in the human liver cancer cells. Annexin V/PI staining assay revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of apoptotic HepG2 and SNU-182 liver cancer cells upon treatment with irigenin. It was found that the number of apoptotic HepG2 and SNU-182 cells enhanced from 2.3 to 41.75% and 1.16 to 51.9% at IC50, respectively. Western blot showed a considerable increase in Bax and decrease in the Bcl-2 expression upon irigenin treatment further confirming the induction of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that irigenin also induces G2/M cell cycle arrest of HepG2 and SNU-182 cells. The percentage of G2/M phase HepG2 and SNU-182 cells increased from 17.92 to 34.35% and 23.97 to 38.23% at IC50, respectively This was also accompanied by decrease in the expression of CDK1 and Cyclin-B in HepG2 and SNU-182 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that irigenin inhibits the growth of the human liver cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These results point towards the potential of irigenin as a lead for the development of chemotherapy for liver cancer.
Simultaneous isolation of cellulose and lignin from wheat straw and catalytic conversion to valuable chemical products
Authors: Yu Bowei , Fan Guozhi , Zhao Sijiu , Lu Yuchan , He Qiao , Cheng Qunpeng , Yan Juntao , Chai Bo , Song Guangsen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConvertible cellulose and lignin were simultaneously isolated from wheat straw using a two-stage process via simply varying temperature and H2SO4 concentration. At the first-stage, cellulose was obtained by pretreating wheat straw at lower temperature and acid concentration using an organosolv process. The purity, yield and recovery rate of cellulose reached 86.8 wt%, 55.2 and 92.8% at 150 °C with 1 wt% H2SO4. At the second stage, the residual liquid was further treated at higher temperature and acid concentration, giving 17.4% lignin yield with 86.6% recovery rate and 93.2 wt% purity at 180 °C with 1.5 wt% H2SO4. The conversion of the as-isolated cellulose and lignin into chemicals was further investigated. The total yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and glucose derived from wheat straw cellulose reached 82.5%, and 18.3% yield of monophenolic compounds from lignin were obtained, respectively. These results indicated that the two-stage process was effective for obtaining high-quality cellulose and lignin from wheat straw. Both of them displayed excellent convertible property.
Colorectal resection in endometriosis patients: correlation between histopathological findings and postoperative outcome
Authors: Tschann Peter , Vitlarov Nikola , Hufschmidt Martin , Lechner Daniel , Girotti Paolo N. C. , Offner Felix , Abendstein Burghard , Königsrainer Ingmar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Endometriosis is associated with a high number of chronic pelvic pain and reduced quality of life. Colorectal resections in case of bowel involvement of endometriosis are associated with an unneglectable morbidity in young and healthy patients. There is no linear correlation established between the degree of symptoms and stage of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to correlate the histological findings to preoperative pain scores in colorectal resected patients with endometriosis.

Methods
Twenty-five patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection for endometriosis between 2014 and 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Pain level was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively via phone call in May 2020. Histopathology was correlated to preoperative symptoms and postoperative outcome.

Results
Average follow-up time was 38.68 months (± 19.92). Preoperative VAS-score was 8.32 (± 1.70). We observed a significant reduction of pain level in all patients after surgery (p ≤ 0.005). Pain levels were equal regarding the presence of satellite spots and various degrees of infiltration depth. The resection margins were clear in all patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 cases (24%) and anastomotic leakage was observed in 3 patients (12%). Average VAS-score at time of follow-up was 1.70 (± 2.54).

Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that adequate colorectal resection leads to reduction of pain and an increase of quality of life irrespective of histopathological findings. An experienced team is necessary to improve intraoperative outcome and to reduce postoperative morbidity in case of complication.
Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of the aerial parts extract of Xanthium strumarium L. on HepG2 cancer cell line
Authors: Ly Hai Trieu , Truong Trieu Minh , Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , Nguyen Hoang Dung , Zhao Yuxia , Le Van Minh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Cancer is one of the most considerable concerns because of increasing the death rate all over the world. Recent studies have disclosed that plant extracts exhibit anticancer activity through various mechanisms. Xanthium strumarium has been used by Vietnamese in herbal medicines to support the medication of infirmities. This study is to consider the secondary metabolites, antioxidant and anticancer capacities of extract from the aerial parts (stems and leaves) of X. strumarium (AP-XS).

Methods
AP-XS was analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals via qualitative chemical tests and determined total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) quenching assay and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay were selected to investigate antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity, respectively. Besides, acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) dual staining was applied to evaluate the ability to induce apoptosis on HepG2 cancer cells.

Results
Results of present study indicated that AP-XS contains the main phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and triterpenes. Ethanol extract had highest content of polyphenol (84.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry mass), and exhibited the great total antioxidant property (IC50 = 184.13 μg/mL) and anti-proliferative activity on HepG2 cancer cells (IC50 = 81.69 μg/mL). Furthermore, the characteristics of apoptosis including shrinkage of the cell and apoptotic bodies were found following 60 h of AP-XS extract treatment through AO-EB dual staining.

Conclusion
The data suggest that AP-XS extract had antioxidant potential and anti-proliferative effect. The anti-proliferative property was considered to have an association with a rising of apoptosis. These results were reliable for further research on X. strumarium as a source of phytochemicals with anticancer activity potential for cancer therapeutics.
“Caring for Our Own”
Authors: Gutterman Lauren Jae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article traces the founding of Senior Action in a Gay Environment (SAGE), the nation’s oldest and largest social service organization for LGBT elders. Drawing on archival documentation as well as interviews with SAGE founders and early members, the article shows how SAGE was born of two largely disconnected social transformations: the gay and lesbian movement and the national expansion of services and programs for the elderly that was enabled by the Older Americans Act of 1965. SAGE’s institutionalization and its relationship with the state allowed it to grow in an increasingly conservative political context while ensuring that the organization would not take a broadly intersectional approach to the challenges gay and lesbian elders faced. Despite its political limitations, however, SAGE provided a setting in which some white gay and lesbian elders began to see themselves as agents of social change.
On the structure of divergence-free measures on ℝ2
Authors: Bonicatto Paolo , Gusev Nikolay A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider the structure of divergence-free vector measures on the plane. We show that such measures can be decomposed into measures induced by closed simple curves. More generally, we show that if the divergence of a planar vector-valued measure is a signed measure, then the vector-valued measure can be decomposed into measures induced by simple curves (not necessarily closed). As an application we generalize certain rigidity properties of divergence-free vector fields to vector-valued measures. Namely, we show that if a locally finite vector-valued measure has zero divergence, vanishes in the lower half-space and the normal component of the unit tangent vector of the measure is bounded from below (in the upper half-plane), then the measure is identically zero.
Convergence of solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi equations depending nonlinearly on the unknown function
Authors: Chen Qinbo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotivated by the vanishing contact problem, we study in the present paper the convergence of solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi equations depending nonlinearly on the unknown function. LetH⁢(x,p,u){H(x,p,u)}be a continuous Hamiltonian which is strictly increasing inu, and is convex and coercive inp. For each parameterλ>0{\lambda>0}, we denote byuλ{u^{\lambda}}the unique viscosity solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equationH⁢(x,D⁢u⁢(x),λ⁢u⁢(x))=c.H\big{(}x,Du(x),\lambda u(x)\big{)}=c.Under quite general assumptions, we prove thatuλ{u^{\lambda}}converges uniformly, as λ tends to zero, to a specific solution of the critical Hamilton–Jacobi equationH⁢(x,D⁢u⁢(x),0)=c{H(x,Du(x),0)=c}. We also characterize the limit solution in terms of Peierls barrier and Mather measures.
Geometrisation of purely hyperbolic representations in PSL2R$ {\mathrm{PSL}_2\mathbb{R}} $
Authors: Faraco Gianluca 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Let S be a surface of genus g at least 2. A representation

ρ
:

π
1

S
→

P
S
L

2

R

$ \rho:\pi_1 S\to{\mathrm{PSL}_2\mathbb{R}} $

is said to be purely hyperbolic if its image consists only of hyperbolic elements along with the identity. We may wonder under which conditions such representations arise as the holonomy of a branched hyperbolic structure on S. In this work we characterise them completely, giving necessary and sufficient conditions.
Birational models of 𝓜2,2 arising as moduli of curves with nonspecial divisors
Authors: Johnson Drew , Polishchuk Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study birational projective models of 𝓜2,2 obtained from the moduli space of curves with nonspecial divisors. We describe geometrically which singular curves appear in these models and show that one of them is obtained by blowing down the Weierstrass divisor in the moduli stack of 𝓩-stable curves 𝓜
2,2(𝓩) defined by Smyth. As a corollary, we prove projectivity of the coarse moduli space
M

2,2(𝓩).
Force, Motion, and Leibniz’s Argument from Successiveness
Authors: Myrdal Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This essay proposes a new interpretation of a central, and yet overlooked, argument Leibniz offers against Descartes’s power-free ontology of the corporeal world. Appealing to considerations about the successiveness of motion, Leibniz attempts to show that the reality of motion requires force. It is often assumed that the argument is driven by concerns inspired by Zeno. Against such a reading, this essay contends that Leibniz’s argument is instead best understood against the background of an Aristotelian view of the priority of real being over time. The essay also shows how this alternative interpretation can help to shed new light on the difference between Leibnizian forces and Aristotelian powers, as well as on Leibniz’s famous claim that accounting for force leads us beyond the mechanistic corporeal realm.
Chebyshev type inequality containing a fractional integral operator with a multi-index Mittag-Leffler function as a kernel
Authors: Jangid Kamlesh , Purohit S. D. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Araci Serkan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we derive certain Chebyshev type integral inequalities connected with a fractional integral operator in terms of the generalized Mittag-Leffler multi-index function as a kernel.
Our key findings are general in nature and, as a special case, can give rise to integral inequalities of the Chebyshev form involving fractional integral operators present in the literature.