bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex engineering object digital twins – power engineering smart transformation basic concept
Authors: Zhabitskii M G , Melnikov V E , Boyko O V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The formation of information models and digital twins is a general element of the modern description of complex engineering objects. Their presence is already becoming a requirement of national and international technical regulation and contractual relations. The stage of forming separate digital twins within different stages of the life cycle has been passed and the approach has proven to be effective and in demand. The most striking example is BIM technologies. Now it is important to switch to complex end-to-end information models and digital twins for the full life cycle of complex engineering objects. This innovation becomes a universal tool for the interaction of all stakeholders in high-tech industries. Competence in technologies for working with complex information models and digital twins on the full life cycle of complex engineering objects is already a key competitive factor for high-tech engineering and operating companies in power production. This is a proactive trend in the formation of intellectual energy data space. It will lead to another cycle of improving the efficiency, safety, and economy of the industry and businesses.
Low-light phase imaging using in-line digital holography and the transport of intensity equation
Authors: Gupta Alok K , Nishchal Naveen K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In one of our recent studies, we have shown that a large defocusing distance in the transport of intensity equation (TIE) is required to retrieve the phase information in low-light conditions (OSA Continuum 3 (2020) 236). It has been found that image misalignment issues come into the picture due to translation of the camera for large distances, which creates artifacts in phase recovery. The issue of misalignment can be overcome if, instead of the object, we use the digital hologram of the object for the required defocused intensities and then apply the TIE. In this paper, we demonstrate low-light phase imaging by combining digital holography with the TIE. We reconstruct the required multiple intensity distributions from the captured in-line digital hologram. To implement the low-level light illumination, a variable neutral density filter has been used while recording the in-line digital hologram. Simulation and experimental results with different objects (United States air-force chart and glue drop) are presented. To simulate the low-light conditions, a Poisson distribution based photon-counting imaging technique has been applied.
The breakdown of Moore’s law induced by weak Anderson localization and by size effects in nano-scale metallic connectors
Authors: Arenas Claudio , Herrera Guillermo , Muñoz Enrique , Munoz Raul C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report the resistivity measured at temperatures between 5 K and 300 K of a Cu film 63 nm thick with grains that have a diameter d = 10.5 nm on the average. The resistivity of this film is described by the first quantum theory of resistivity of nano-scale metallic connectors [R C Munoz et al, App. Phys. Rev. 4 (2017) 011102]. We also report an improved version of this theory that includes a new analytical description of the effect of grain boundary disorder on electron transport. We employ the surface roughness and grain size distribution measured on this Cu film as input data to compute, using our heory, the room temperature resistivity of Cu wires of rectangular cross section, and compare with the resistivity of these wires reported in the literature [M H Van der Veen et al, 2018 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference (IITC) (2018)], that are used for designing Integrated Circuits (IC) for the 14 nm, 10 nm, 7 nm, 5 nm, 3 nm and 2 nm nodes, respectively. The quantum theory predicts an increase in resistivity with diminishing wire dimensions that accurately agrees with the room temperature resistivity measured on these Cu wires. The resistivity induced by electron-rough surface scattering accounts for about half of the increase over the bulk observed in the 3 nm and 2 nm tech node; scattering by non-uniform grain boundaries contributes the remaining increase in resistivity—the latter is responsible for the weak Anderson localization. According to the description of electron motion furnished by this improved quantum theory, the break down of Moore’s law with shrinking wire dimensions is to be expected, since it originates from size effects triggered by electron scattering with rough surfaces and scattering by non-equally spaced grain boundaries, which become dominant as the dimensions of the metallic wire shrinks.
The improvement of grain refinement, texture modification and mechanical properties of pure Mg prepared by cyclic expansion extrusion with an asymmetric extrusion cavity
Authors: Shi Yusha , Zheng Jie , Ji Jinsheng , Zhang Heng , Zhang Zhimin , Wang Qiang , Xue Yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, a new type of severe plastic deformation process named cyclic expansion extrusion with an asymmetric extrusion cavity (CEE-AEC), was used to prepare pure magnesium with three passes repetitive deformation at 250 °C. This article mainly studies the microstructure evolution, texture analysis and mechanical properties of pure magnesium. The results display that the grain size is refined, from 74 um to 19 um, which is attributed to continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). With the increasing CEE-AEC passes, the texture is weakened, and the (0001) plane of a large number of grins are inclined from the ED direction. The Schmid factor that activates the basal slip system gradually increases from 0.29 to 0.3 after three passes. After three passes of CEE-AEC, from the tensile tests of the deformed samples at room temperature, it can be seen the samples have excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, the tensile yield strength (TYS) is 54 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is 110 MPa, and fracture elongation is 19%.
A New Method for Estimating the Incidence of Infectious Diseases
Authors: McManus Hamish , Callander Denton , Asselin Jason , McMahon James , Hoy Jennifer F , Templeton David J , Fairley Christopher K , Donovan Basil , Pedrana Alisa E , Keen Phillip , Wilson David P , Elliott Julian , Kaldor John , Liaw Siaw-Teng , Petoumenos Kathy , Holt Martin , Hellard Margaret E , Grulich Andrew E , Carr Andrew , Stoove Mark A , Guy Rebecca J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmbitious World Health Organization targets for disease elimination require monitoring of epidemics using routine health data in settings of decreasing and low incidence. We evaluated 2 methods commonly applied to routine testing results to estimate incidence rates that assume a uniform probability of infection between consecutive negative and positive tests based on 1) the midpoint of this interval and 2) a randomly selected point in this interval. We compared these with an approximation of the Poisson binomial distribution, which assigns partial incidence to time periods based on the uniform probability of occurrence in these intervals. We assessed bias, variance, and convergence of estimates using simulations of Weibull-distributed failure times with systematically varied baseline incidence and varying trend. We considered results for quarterly, half-yearly, and yearly incidence estimation frequencies. We applied the methods to assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in HIV-negative patients from the Treatment With Antiretrovirals and Their Impact on Positive and Negative Men (TAIPAN) Study, an Australian study of HIV incidence in men who have sex with men, between 2012 and 2018. The Poisson binomial method had reduced bias and variance at low levels of incidence and for increased estimation frequency, with increased consistency of estimation. Application of methods to real-world assessment of HIV incidence found decreased variance in Poisson binomial model estimates, with observed incidence declining to levels where simulation results had indicated bias in midpoint and random-point methods.
Enhancement of developmentally regulated daidzein secretion from soybean roots in field conditions as compared with hydroponic culture
Authors: Toyofuku Miwako , Okutani Fuki , Nakayasu Masaru , Hamamoto Shoichiro , Takase Hisabumi , Yazaki Kazufumi , Sugiyama Akifumi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Analyses of metabolite secretions by field-grown plants remain scarce. We analyzed daidzein secretion by field-grown soybean. Daidzein secretion was higher during early vegetative stages than reproductive stages, a trend that was also seen for hydroponically grown soybean. Daidzein secretion was up to 10 000-fold higher under field conditions than hydroponic conditions, leading to a more accurate simulation of rhizosphere daidzein content.
Network-based methods for gene function prediction
Authors: Chen Qingfeng , Li Yongjie , Tan Kai , Qiao Yvlu , Pan Shirui , Jiang Taijiao , Chen Yi-Ping Phoebe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of high-throughput technology has generated a large number of biological networks. Network-based methods are able to provide rich information for inferring gene function. This is composed of analyzing the topological characteristics of genes in related networks, integrating biological information, and considering data from different data sources. To promote network biology and related biotechnology research, this article provides a survey for the state of the art of advanced methods of network-based gene function prediction and discusses the potential challenges.
ATSE: a peptide toxicity predictor by exploiting structural and evolutionary information based on graph neural network and attention mechanism
Authors: Wei Lesong , Ye Xiucai , Xue Yuyang , Sakurai Tetsuya , Wei Leyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotivation: Peptides have recently emerged as promising therapeutic agents against various diseases. For both research and safety regulation purposes, it is of high importance to develop computational methods to accurately predict the potential toxicity of peptides within the vast number of candidate peptides. Results: In this study, we proposed ATSE, a peptide toxicity predictor by exploiting structural and evolutionary information based on graph neural networks and attention mechanism. More specifically, it consists of four modules: (i) a sequence processing module for converting peptide sequences to molecular graphs and evolutionary profiles, (ii) a feature extraction module designed to learn discriminative features from graph structural information and evolutionary information, (iii) an attention module employed to optimize the features and (iv) an output module determining a peptide as toxic or non-toxic, using optimized features from the attention module. Conclusion: Comparative studies demonstrate that the proposed ATSE significantly outperforms all other competing methods. We found that structural information is complementary to the evolutionary information, effectively improving the predictive performance. Importantly, the data-driven features learned by ATSE can be interpreted and visualized, providing additional information for further analysis. Moreover, we present a user-friendly online computational platform that implements the proposed ATSE, which is now available at http://server.malab.cn/ATSE. We expect that it can be a powerful and useful tool for researchers of interest.
PreDTIs: prediction of drug–target interactions based on multiple feature information using gradient boosting framework with data balancing and feature selection techniques
Authors: Mahmud S M Hasan , Chen Wenyu , Liu Yongsheng , Awal Md Abdul , Ahmed Kawsar , Rahman Md Habibur , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Discovering drug–target (protein) interactions (DTIs) is of great significance for researching and developing novel drugs, having a tremendous advantage to pharmaceutical industries and patients. However, the prediction of DTIs using wet-lab experimental methods is generally expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, different machine learning-based methods have been developed for this purpose, but there are still substantial unknown interactions needed to discover. Furthermore, data imbalance and feature dimensionality problems are a critical challenge in drug-target datasets, which can decrease the classifier performances that have not been significantly addressed yet. This paper proposed a novel drug–target interaction prediction method called PreDTIs. First, the feature vectors of the protein sequence are extracted by the pseudo-position-specific scoring matrix (PsePSSM), dipeptide composition (DC) and pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC); and the drug is encoded with MACCS substructure fingerings. Besides, we propose a FastUS algorithm to handle the class imbalance problem and also develop a MoIFS algorithm to remove the irrelevant and redundant features for getting the best optimal features. Finally, balanced and optimal features are provided to the LightGBM Classifier to identify DTIs, and the 5-fold CV validation test method was applied to evaluate the prediction ability of the proposed method. Prediction results indicate that the proposed model PreDTIs is significantly superior to other existing methods in predicting DTIs, and our model could be used to discover new drugs for unknown disorders or infections, such as for the coronavirus disease 2019 using existing drugs compounds and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 protein sequences.
Mitochondrial transfer from induced pluripotent stem cells rescues developmental potential of in vitro fertilized embryos from aging females†
Authors: Zhang Chao , Tao Li , Yue Yuan , Ren Likun , Zhang Zhenni , Wang Xiaodong , Tian Jianhui , An Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConventional heterologous mitochondrial replacement therapy is clinically complicated by “tri-parental” ethical concerns and limited source of healthy donor oocytes or zygotes. Autologous mitochondrial transfer is a promising alternative in rescuing poor oocyte quality and impaired embryo developmental potential associated with mitochondrial disorders, including aging. However, the efficacy and safety of mitochondrial transfer from somatic cells remains largely controversial, and unsatisfying outcomes may be due to distinct mitochondrial state in somatic cells from that in oocytes. Here, we propose a potential strategy for improving in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes of aging female patients via mitochondrial transfer from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Using naturally aging mice and well-established cell lines as models, we found iPS cells and oocytes share similar mitochondrial morphology and functions, whereas the mitochondrial state in differentiated somatic cells is substantially different. By microinjection of isolated mitochondria into fertilized oocytes following IVF, our results indicate that mitochondrial transfer from iPS, but not MEF cells, can rescue the impaired developmental potential of embryos from aging female mice and obtain an enhanced implantation rate following embryo transfer. The beneficial effect may be explained by the fact that mitochondrial transfer from iPS cells not only compensates for aging-associated loss of mtDNA, but also rescues mitochondrial metabolism of subsequent preimplantation embryos. Using mitochondria from iPS cells as the donor, our study not only proposes a promising strategy for improving IVF outcomes of aging females, but also highlights the importance of synchronous mitochondrial state in supporting embryo developmental potential.
Dynamic erectile responses of a novel penile organ model utilizing TPEM†
Authors: Hashimoto Daiki , Hirashima Tsuyoshi , Yamamura Hisao , Kataoka Tomoya , Fujimoto Kota , Hyuga Taiju , Yoshiki Atsushi , Kimura Kazunori , Kuroki Shunsuke , Tachibana Makoto , Suzuki Kentaro , Yamamoto Nobuhiko , Morioka Shin , Sasaki Takehiko , Yamada Gen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMale penis is required to become erect during copulation. In the upper (dorsal) part of penis, the erectile tissue termed corpus cavernosum (CC) plays fundamental roles for erection by regulating the inner blood flow. When blood flows into the CC, the microvascular complex termed sinusoidal space is reported to expand during erection. A novel in vitro explant system to analyze the dynamic erectile responses during contraction/relaxation is established. The current data show regulatory contraction/relaxation processes induced by phenylephrine (PE) and nitric oxide (NO) donor mimicking dynamic erectile responses by in vitro CC explants. Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) observation shows the synchronous movement of sinusoidal space and the entire CC. By taking advantages of the CC explant system, tadalafil (Cialis) was shown to increase sinusoidal relaxation. Histopathological changes have been generally reported associating with erection in several pathological conditions. Various stressed statuses have been suggested to occur in the erectile responses by previous studies. The current CC explant model enables to analyze such conditions through directly manipulating CC in the repeated contraction/relaxation processes. Expression of oxidative stress marker and contraction-related genes, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1a), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), and Rho-associated protein kinase (Rock), was significantly increased in such repeated contraction/relaxation. Altogether, it is suggested that the system is valuable for analyzing structural changes and physiological responses to several regulators in the field of penile medicine.
Model Fidelity and Child Well-Being in Family Team Conference: The Interaction Effect of Racial Matching and Child Race
Authors: Kim Jangmin , Choi  Mijin , LaBrenz Catherine A , Harris Marian S , Boyd Reiko , Pierce Barbara J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFamily Team Conference (FTC) has been suggested as a promising practice model to effectively reduce racial disproportionality and disparities in child welfare. However, previous studies have noted ongoing challenges to promoting cultural responsiveness in FTC. This study analysed caseworkers’ survey data (n = 736) to explore the role of racial matching between caseworkers and children as an effective practice to strengthen the high fidelity of FTC associated with child well-being. The results of the extended regression model indicate that high FTC fidelity was a necessary condition to improve child well-being. However, racial matching was neither a significant factor of child well-being nor a moderator that strengthened the positive association between FTC fidelity and child well-being. Instead, a follow-up analysis showed that caseworkers’ competencies for facilitating FTC were a significant moderator to promote the positive effect of FTC fidelity on the well-being of all children regardless of their race. This paper concludes with research and practice implications to make FTC more culturally responsive to achieve its intended outcomes especially for children of colour.
Participants on Dolutegravir Resuppress Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA After Virologic Failure: Updated Data from the ADVANCE Trial
Authors: Pepperrell Toby , Venter Willem Daniel Francois , McCann Kaitlyn , Bosch Bronwyn , Tibbatts Melissa , Woods Joanna , Sokhela Simiso , Serenata Celicia , Moorhouse Michelle , Qavi Ambar , Hill Andrew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Following evidence of HIV RNA re-suppression on DTG-based regimens, we assess the re-suppressive capacity of ADVANCE participants on TAF/FTC+DTG, TDF/FTC+DTG, and TDF/FTC/EFV. Viraemic participants were able to re-suppress within 3 follow-up visits of protocol-defined virological failure (PDVF) in 77/121 (64%), 85/126 (67%), and 44/138 (32%) cases respectively (DTG regimens vs. TDF/FTC/EFV; P &lt; 0.001).
The Impact of the Evolving Human Immunodeficiency Virus Response on the Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in South African Children and Adolescents
Authors: du Preez Karen , Osman Muhammad , Seddon James A , Naidoo Pren , Schaaf H Simon , Munch Zahn , Dunbar Rory , Mvusi Lindiwe , Dlamini Sicelo S , Hesseling Anneke C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Few studies have evaluated tuberculosis control in children and adolescents. We used routine tuberculosis surveillance data to quantify age- and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-stratified trends over time and investigate the relationship between tuberculosis, HIV, age, and sex.

Methods
All children and adolescents (0–19 years) routinely treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis in South Africa and recorded in a de-duplicated national electronic tuberculosis treatment register (2004–2016) were included. Age- and HIV-stratified tuberculosis case notification rates (CNRs) were calculated in four age bands: 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years. The association between HIV infection, age, and sex in children and adolescents with tuberculosis was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Of 719 400 children and adolescents included, 339 112 (47%) were 0–4 year olds. The overall tuberculosis CNR for 0–19 year olds declined by 54% between 2009 and 2016 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], .45–.47). Trends varied by age and HIV, with the smallest reductions (2013–2016) in HIV-positive 0–4 year olds (IRR = 0.90; 95% CI, .85–.95) and both HIV-positive (IRR = .84; 95% CI, .80–.88) and HIV-negative (IRR = 0.89; 95% CI, .86–.92) 15–19 year olds. Compared with 0- to 4-year-old males, odds of HIV coinfection among 15–19 year olds were nearly twice as high in females (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.49; 95% CI, 2.38–2.60) than in males (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.29–1.42).

Conclusions
South Africa’s national response to the HIV epidemic has made a substantial contribution to the observed declining trends in tuberculosis CNRs in children and adolescents. The slow decline of tuberculosis CNRs in adolescents and young HIV-positive children is concerning. Understanding how tuberculosis affects children and adolescents beyond conventional age bands and by sex can inform targeted tuberculosis control strategies.