bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment the ability of Trichoderma harzianum Fungi in Bioremediation of some of Heavy Metals in Waste Water
Authors: Hussain Douaa Faris , Mutlag Nihad Habeeb 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study included the use of Trichoderma harzianum for biodegradation heavy metals in a wastewater treatment plant and their ability to decompose these minerals through a series of tests. The first test involved the use of two Trichoderma harzianum isolates for biodegradation through a filtration action. In the second test, the comparison was used in pre and post-treatment in Petri dishes, The result showed a clear green growth of fungi and their use of heavy metals as an energy source. Scanning Electronic Microscope SEM) was used to compare the vegetative growth of fungi before and after treatment on P.D.A media, which showed clear and normal growth with a short growth period of the Petri dish after treatment and compared it to the control of the Petri dish with different magnification powers (6738x, 5988x, 2713x, 2509x)., 6453x, 5708x, 2598x, 2400x). A third test used a Atomic Absorption technique to quantify heavy metals for the site 2 after 28 days of bioremediation. The results showed the highest removal rate of Cd was 98.63% and Mn was94.35% for (T.h1) and the lowest biodegradation of Zn and Fe (39.77% and 47.43%,) respectively. The nutrient had the highest removal rate of PO4 was 69.87% and the lowest percentage of NO3 was 8.91%.The results also showed the highest removal rate for (T.h2) Mn and Cd with rates of 86.41% and 81.73%, the lowest percentage of decomposition of Zn was 52.27%, and the highest percentage of decomposition of PO4 was 70.74% Lowest removal rate of NO3 was 36.49%. A Atomic Absorption technique was used to quantify heavy metals after 28 days of biological treatment for the site1. The results showed the highest biodegradation percentage (T.h1) for manganese and Pb 83.27% and 84.50%, respectively, and the lowest biodegradation percentage was Zn and Fe (33.67%, 38.09%,) respectively, and the nutrient removal rate was the highest, NO3 was 85.27 %, The lowest rate is 27.74% of SO4. The results showed the highest removal rate (T.h2) for the elemental fungus Mn (87.32%) and Pb (84.01%) and the lowest percentage for Fe was (36.90%).The results of the experiment showed that the fungi largest biomass are the most efficient in the bioremediation process and the removal of pollutants from wastewater.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of MgO nanoparticles
Authors: Radhi Zahraa Essa , Jasim Neeran Obied 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
nanoparticles of magnesium oxide were prepared using the water extract of the leaves of the Sesbania plant in presence of Mg(OH)2, the characterized of prepared molecules were studied using UV spectroscopy analysis, infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) (SEM). XRD studies have confirmed that the crystalline structures of MgO nanoparticles were formed at an average size of 30 nm. The results of the antifungal activity confirmed the effectiveness of the nanoparticles prepared against to T. rubrum in solid and liquid media. Also, when calculating the percentage of yield of the method used in preparation, the results produced the efficiency of this method.
Virulence of Beauveria bassiana from Different Carbohydrate Sources Against Riptortuslinearis L. (Hemiptera: Alydidae)
Authors: Permadi Muhammad Agung , Lubis Rafiqah Amanda , Mahmud Amir , Harahap Qorry Hilmiyah , Sitanggang Haryogi Setiawan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Riptortuslinearis is a cosmopolitan pest that is widespread throughout the world. These pests are also polyphagous which meansthis pest has many hosts. The potential of R. linearis as a pest needs to be monitored because it is an important pod sucking pest. The entomopathogenic fungi are one of the biological control agents that are often used to control plant pests. One of the entomopathogenic fungi that are often used to control insect pests is Beauveria bassiana. Media that contains all the essential nutrients needed fungi for fungal culture in the laboratory. The source of nutrition is a determining factor for the growth and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi because the rate of germination, growth, and sporulation arean indicator of the level of virulence. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agrotechnology, UniversitasMuhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan. This research used a Completely Randomized Design, 5 treatments (5 growth media for B. bassiana). The results showed that B. bassiana grown in the various media had no significant effect on the mortality of R. linearis imago. The lowest LT50 R. linearis was caused by B. bassiana infection grown on rice media.
BIM Implementation in Public Construction Projects in Indonesia
Authors: Puspita Nurkhasanah Rina , Patriotika Fithriyah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The delayed of BIM advancement in Indonesia has proffered that Indonesian government awareness to generate an optimum knowledge and research in BIM implementation is frequently low. In order to catalyst some infrastructure projects which based government projects, the contractor companies should put their creativity and their improved knowledge to win the government projects. Regarding the existing challenges that frequently exist in several projects, BIM has been appeared as a sophisticated technology-based solution to overcome them. However, the level of BIM development in Indonesia nowadays has not been confirmed yet due to the BIM research evolvement is slowly. Even though, there are some companies which has utilised BIM either in their companies or their project such as the construction of Bakauheni - Terbanggi Besar toll road, the construction of Solo - Kertosolo toll road, etc. Nevertheless, the effectiveness and efficiency of BIM utilisation in a contractor company need to measure as an attempting to assist BIM research evaluation in Indonesia. By the questionnaire survey, this research is going to find out how BIM take the responsibility to reduce the complexity of diversity project. Moreover, the benefits and drawbacks which BIM contributes for several projects which have already through BIM’s role need to assembly as a further consideration for Indonesian government to arrange the convenience regulation regards to adopt BIM as the obligations later. Additionally, the assessment of the stakeholder’s role in BIM also necessary to evaluate since the optimum of BIM’s assignment in construction industry involving not only the contractor but also the consultant and the owner. Thus, the research is expected to endowment the further knowledge for BIM implementation in Indonesia.
Online learning sentiment analysis during the covid-19 Indonesia pandemic using twitter data
Authors: Sahir Syafrida Hafni , Ayu Ramadhana Raden Sri , Romadhon Marpaung Muhammad Fauzi , Munthe Shabrina Rasyid , Watrianthos Ronal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the last week of September 2020, Covid-19 in Indonesia has infected more than 252,000 people. The spread of the virus through physical contact forces all countries to use social distance and physical distance to reduce interactions. On the educational side, the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the prevention of face-to-face teaching and learning activities. All educational institutions must stop the learning process and replace it with online learning. Nadiem Makarim, Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, then affirmed this online learning by issuing a policy on online learning in case of an emergency spread of the Covid-19 virus. However, this online learning has provoked debate in the community over the preparation of the technology. The goal of this study was to analyze public opinion for online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in October 2020. The research carried out document-based text mining and feelings on Twitter data analyzed using the Naïve Bayes method. Analysis in that period found 25 percent positive sentiment, 74 percent negative sentiment, and 1 percent neutral sentiment. Several tweets showed that the words ‘stress’ and ‘covid’ were the most commonly spoken in the month.
Response of Oil Palm Plant Growth (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to Aluminium Stress
Authors: Panggabean Nurul Huda , Nurwahyuni Isnaini , Djamaan Elimasni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aims to study the response of palm oil plants to Aluminum stress their deficiencies. This experiment used Aluminum (Al) with different concentrations of 0 ppm (Al0), 100 ppm (Al1) and 200 ppm (Al2) dissolved in hoagland liquid media with different old of oil palm plants. Based on the results obtained, the effect of aluminum stress on the wet weight of the plant has a real effect while it has the same effect on plant height and plant root length. Some deficiencies experienced by palm oil plants that are in stress of Al, the first symptom that is seen is the plant roots become shorter and thicker, as a result the growth and development of roots is inhibited and in the long term can cause the ability of plants to absorb nutrients is reduced. Anatomically observations of chlorophyll content and stomata density, where plants aged 6 months have the highest total chlorophyll content (0.059602, 0.05612, and 0.066077) while the lowest chlorophyll content in plants is 2 months old (0.018388, 0, 022428 and 0.017978). The density of stomata at 2 months age has the highest values while the lowest density values for plants in 6 months for each treatment
Numerical and experimental investigation of the transmission moment of clinching points
Authors: Steinfelder C , Kalich J , Brosius A , Füssel U 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In clinching, the combinations of requirements, materials, component dimensions and tools influence the resulting joint geometry and the resulting bonding mechanisms. These in turn affect the property profile of the joint. For example, it is possible to use different tools to flexibly adapt clinching points to the respective required load regime. Clinching points dimensioned in this way can be geometrically similar, but have different mechanical stress states, which leads to different properties in terms of load-bearing behavior. Within the scope of this work, the clinching process with different tools in optimal and compromise design and its effect on the force and form-closure component, is investigated in a torsion test of the clinched connection. Clinched steel sheets with two thicknesses and joining directions are analyzed. Virtual experiments are carried out using finite element analyses (FEA) of the joining process and are followed by a springback simulation. Subsequently, the surface pressure between the two joining partners in the clinching points is calculated on the basis of the results from the FEA and the transmittable moment of the connection, as an indicator for the force-closure component, is determined. Finally, the experimental and simulated data are compared and discussed.
Inverse parameter identification of an anisotropic plasticity model for sheet metal
Authors: Friedlein J , Wituschek S , Lechner M , Mergheim J , Steinmann P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The increasing economic and ecological demands on the mobility sector require efforts to reduce resource consumption in both the production and utilization phases. The use of lightweight construction technologies can save material and increase energy efficiency during operation. Multi-material systems consisting of different materials and geometries are used to achieve weight reduction. Since conventional joining processes reach their limits in the connection of these components, new methods and technologies are necessary in order to be able to react versatilely to varying process and disturbance variables. For fundamental investigations of new possibilities in joining technology, numerical investigations are helpful to identify process parameters. To generate valid results, robust and efficient material models are developed which are adapted to the requirements of versatile joining technologies, for instance to the high plastic strains associated with self-piercing riveting. To describe the inherent strain-induced plastic orthotropy of sheet metal an anisotropic Hill-plasticity model is formulated. Tensile tests for different sheet orientations are conducted both experimentally and numerically to adjust the anisotropic material parameters by inverse parameter identification for aluminium EN AW-6014 and steel HCT590X. Then, the layer compression test is used to validate the model and the previously identified parameters.
Safe mechanical joining processes by digital manufacturing supervision in steel coil productions
Authors: Schmale H C , Geddert T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mechanical joining processes, in particular joining by forming like self-pierce riveting or clinching, require homogenous material characteristics for reliable joint properties. Joining processes in production are called safe, when the estimated properties for each manufactured joint, e.g. strength, remain in predefined narrow boundaries. Thus, an automated process monitoring is possible. A key reliability factor in automated production are varying joining materials properties. In case of steel, the knowledge of mutually dependent manufacturing steps at the coil build-up are crucial: First, milling conditions, such as dressing grade, predetermine the mechanical strength and fracture strain of the later joint. Second, the structure of corrosion protection layer by electrolytic or hot-dip galvanizing combined with forming and corrosion protection lubricants define the gliding abilities at later joining processes. It was found that a high dependency exists between solidification behaviour as well as surface friction level of the joining material and the stability of the joining process and the load capacity of the joint. To achieve safe mechanical joining results, these mentioned material properties must be guaranteed precisely by production monitoring techniques at the coil manufacturing. These include among others, methods for the non-destructive testing of mechanical properties at different coil areas, as well as systems for monitoring surface conditions and layers. As the material properties are build up over several production steps, production data are digitally collected today, analysed under quality aspects and if necessary corrective measurements are set online in the production.
A Thermography-based Online Control Method for Press Hardening
Authors: Garcia-Llamas E. , Pujante J. , Torres P. , Bonada F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate a simple on-line control methodology applicable to press hardening. Short production runs were performed in a laboratory plant, using a pyrometer to measure sheet and die temperatures with varying processing conditions. Sheets thus treated were studied in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. Different closing die time and refrigeration conditions were employed to force OK and Not OK conditions. The experimental data including the process variables as a well as the resultant temperatures have been analysed and modelled by means of statistical analysis and Machine Learning algorithms, to discover hidden correlations that can lead to actionable predicting models. The results show a direct link of the final temperature with the microstructure and its hardness. The outcome of this paper can be used for efficient process design and detection of anomalous temperature meanwhile an industrial hot stamping process take part. In addition, the analysis performed can help productivity and quality assurance while leading towards a smarter and more efficient manufacturing scenario.
Constitutive characterization of an 1800 MPa press hardening steel under hot stamping conditions
Authors: Lu S , DiCecco S , Worswick M , Chiriac C , Luckey G , Tjong J , Boettger J , Shi C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High temperature isothermal tensile tests were performed on an aluminized 1800 MPa press hardening steel with a Gleeble thermal-mechanical test system. A procedure was developed to enable the use of digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of the tensile specimens. Flow curves ranging from 500°C - 900°C with strain rates ranging from 0.01 s−1 – 1 s−1 were obtained. To validate this DIC procedure, flow curves for the more common PHS1500 (22MnB5) steel were also obtained in an identical manner and compared to results found in the existing literature. The resultant flow curves were then post-processed and fit to a thermal-viscoplastic constitutive equation for numerical simulation implementation. Finally, a finite element model of the tensile test was created to evaluate the accuracy of the constitutive results.
Increasing the energy absorption of monolithic manganese boron steels in oxygen-free environment
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Hübner Sven , Holländer Ulrich , Langohr André , Pfeffer Chris , Albracht Lorenz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The heat-treatable steel 22MnB5 is used in hot stamping processes to produce high-strength body-in-white components. In this process, sheet blanks are conventionally heated in roller hearth furnaces and then hot-stamped, whereby strengths of 1,500 MPa can be achieved. Disadvantages of this process are the low plastic deformation of the material in hardened state and the poor energy efficiency of roller hearth furnaces. In a new approach, these disadvantages are eliminated by combining edge decarburisation with resistance heating. Due to a diffusion-controlled removal of the carbon in the edge layer of the blanks heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere, the energy absorption in bending tests was improved by 61 % compared to customary hot-stamped 22MnB5. Furthermore, with a subsequent resistance heating in an oxygen-free silane atmosphere, the sheet can be heated and coated. A hermetically sealed heating chamber was developed which allows to heat the blanks up to 950 °C without scale formation. The coating during heating further improves the corrosion properties of the component. With this approach, hot-stamped components with improved properties and coated in an energy-efficient resistance-heated process can be manufactured.
Numerical investigation of introduction of HFQ® process manufacturing of A-pillar part
Authors: Lukacs Zsolt 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To meet the challenges of the automotive industry in recent decades, engineers have responded with new advanced materials and new technological processes suitable to form the new materials. The appearance of aluminium and its alloys in the automotive industry was justified by its lower density compared to steels and by the weight reduction arising from it. The lower ductility of aluminium alloys with sufficient strength initiated the development of new innovative technology (HFQ®). This paper presents a numerical feasibility study using the AutoForm software system by comparing two technological processes, i.e. the Press Hardening of Steels (PHS®) vs. Hot Forming and Quenching (HFQ®) of aluminium alloys. The Thermo-Solver module of the AutoForm software system includes material card for the 22MnB5 steel grade but does not for the AA7075 high strength aluminium alloy. Therefore, the material parameters that are necessary for hot forming simulation by the AutoForm must be determined experimentally. For this purpose, the GLEEBLE 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator was used to determine the basic material properties with hot uniaxial tensile tests and hot formability tests were performed to determine the forming limits (FLC).
Die material properties needed for Hot Stamping of High Strength Sheet Materials
Authors: Sivertsen S , Oliver R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Industries performing hot forming of high strength sheets are constantly requesting improvements in aspects of die material to achieve a suitable die life and production efficiency. The die material performance to resist the upcoming failure mechanisms based on thermal or mechanical loading is crucial for production efficiency and competitiveness. Therefore, die material for hot stamping needs to have the correct combination of properties to resist upcoming failure mechanism such as cracking, premature wear and plastic deformation. Surface softening during heat exposure contributes to plastic deformation due to hardness loss and has shown to have a direct impact in the potential of wear resistance. The purpose of this paper is to present tool steel solutions from Uddeholms AB, which contains key properties within several fields of hot forming to increase production efficiency.
On appropriate Finite Element discretization in simulation of gas-based hot sheet metal forming processes
Authors: Baru N. K. , Teeuwen T. , Teller M. , Hojda S. , Braun A. , Hirt G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gaseous medium is being used for sheet metal forming at elevated temperatures, especially for lightweighting purposes. These processes enable forming of high strength alloys of a wide range of thickness due to low material flow stress as well as improved formability. In these processes, the resulting component properties are an interplay of numerous parameters. Instead of cost and time intensive experiments, FEM aids an effective and economic process optimization and enables a better understanding of the influence of process parameters on the component properties. In the current study, the importance of appropriate discretization of the workpiece within a gas-based hot sheet metal forming process is investigated based on a laboratory scale component. AA6010 sheet metal blanks of different thicknesses are studied numerically and experimentally. Simulations with different types of elements are performed and the evolution of process parameters as well as their influence on the final component thickness are analysed. Different element types resulted in noticeable difference in the simulation results and this difference also varies with the initial sheet thickness. Upon further experimental validation, the suitable element type for workpiece discretization is suggested, which enables practitioners to get reliable results via FE simulation of these processes.
Enhancement of springback prediction of AHSS parts by advanced friction modelling
Authors: Durmaz U , Heibel S , Schweiker T , Merklein M , Berahmani S , Hol J , Naegele P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The complex springback behaviour of advanced high strength steel parts makes a robust manufacturing process challenging, mainly in terms of part dimensional accuracy. Therefore, an accurate springback prediction using sheet metal forming simulation is of a great importance to realize reliable forming processes and to achieve the target geometry. An accurate springback prediction requires an exact computation of the elastic stresses from the plastic deformations, which can be influenced among others by the retention of the sheet metal and the frictional properties of the parts. However, the frictional behaviour in the forming process has been often simplified by using a constant friction coefficient in the simulation, which could lead to a significant deviation in the springback prediction. To address this limitation, TriboForm software provides an advanced friction model in which friction is a function of several process setting parameters, namely pressure, strain, temperature and velocity. In this contribution, the advanced friction models for DH800 and CP800 materials are generated. Compared to a constant friction coefficient of 0.15, it is found that the prediction of flange angle of deep drawn hat profiles, produced by several blank holder forces, can increase up to 70% and of the sheet’s draw-in up to 10%.