bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary assessment of the space‐for‐time substitution method in soil carbon change prediction
Authors: Yang Ren‐Min , Zhu Chang‐Ming , Zhang Xin , Huang Lai‐Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrediction of the soil C response to environmental change is often limited by the absence of temporal soil monitoring data from which applicable models can be developed. This constrains the understanding of the processes governing soil C cycling in data‐poor areas. Here, we demonstrate a method to predict soil organic C (SOC) change over time based on the space‐for‐time (SFT) substitution method by constructing spatial and temporal datasets of SOC change from soil datasets pertaining to four periods over the past 40 yr in China. We empirically test the assumption that environmental drivers of the spatial gradients of SOC variation also drive SOC change over time. We find that the accuracy of SOC change predictions obtained with the SFT method is comparable to that of predictions directly obtained with temporal models, with the prediction performance ranging from 86 to 118%. Our results generally support the application of the SFT method to model SOC dynamics over time and highlight the importance of this method to better understand soil C cycling in ecosystems associated with insufficient soil monitoring data. Our findings provide a priori guidance for the suitability of the SFT method as an approach to infer the soil C response to environmental change.
Synthesis and Primary Biological Evaluation of Triazole‐Modified Picroside II Compounds
Authors: Yang Bin , Kong Yuanfang , Hu Yulong , Zhuang Yan , Wang Ning , Zhang Jingyu , Cai Juntao , Dong Chunhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPicroside II, an iridoid glycoside, has anti‐cancer, anti‐virus, anti‐apoptotic, nervous and myocardial protection effects and so on. However, the oral bioavailability of Picroside II is low, and the half‐life in vivo is short, so it is limited to use in clinic. Triazole is a highly stable heterocyclic ring, which can be interacted with various enzymes or receptors in the organism through non‐covalent interactions, and many of its good pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo have been reported. Based on the advantages of triazole and Picroside II, a series of triazole‐modified Picroside II derivatives (5 a–5 i) were synthesized by using drug combination principles for the first time. The structures were confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, and the primary biological evaluation of anti‐breast cancer, anti‐colorectal cancer, the effect on SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro inhibitor, and CD47‐SIRPα protein were screened as well. Compound 5 e has anti‐breast cancer activity, and compounds 3 and 5 i have anti‐colorectal cancer activity.
Pillararene‐Based Nanochannels for Para‐Xylene Separation from Xylene Isomers
Authors: Yi Fan , Tao Mingjie , Zhang Siyun , Han Xiao‐Le , Min Xuehong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn industrial production, the continuous, efficient and energy‐saving separation of alkylaromatic compounds has always been a challenge. Herein, we designed and synthesized the functional pillararene (TP5A) via a thiol‐alkene click reaction. We modified TP5A molecules into the surface of anodic aluminum oxide nanochannels via a simple two‐step condensation reaction for fabricating TP5A channel, confirming by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, laser scanning confocal microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and current‐voltage curves. This biomimetic nanochannels can be used to separate para‐xylene from its structural isomers. We speculate that the host‐guest interaction between TP5A and para‐xylene is responsible for the emergence of selectivity, confirmed by the molecular simulation. This study provides a potential approach to membrane separation and may also contribute to the development of artificial nanofluids.
Probability distribution for the quantum universe
Authors: Kehagias Alex , Partouche Hervé , Toumbas Nicolaos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We determine the inner product on the Hilbert space of wavefunctions of the universe by imposing the Hermiticity of the quantum Hamiltonian in the context of the minisuperspace model. The corresponding quantum probability density reproduces successfully the classical probability distribution in the ħ → 0 limit, for closed universes filled with a perfect fluid of index w. When −1/3 < w ≤ 1, the wavefunction is normalizable and the quantum probability density becomes vanishingly small at the big bang/big crunch singularities, at least at the semiclassical level. Quantum expectation values of physical geometrical quantities, which diverge classically at the singularities, are shown to be finite.
Sensitization of primary cultures from rat dorsal root ganglia with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) requires a robust inflammatory response
Authors: Nürnberger Franz , Leisengang Stephan , Ott Daniela , Murgott Jolanta , Gerstberger Rüdiger , Rummel Christoph , Roth Joachim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective
We investigated whether it is possible to induce a state of “LPS-sensitization” in neurons of primary cultures from rat dorsal root ganglia by pre-treatment with ultra-low doses of LPS.

Methods
DRG primary cultures were pre-treated with low to ultra-low doses of LPS (0.001–0.1 µg/ml) for 18 h, followed by a short-term stimulation with a higher LPS-dose (10 µg/ml for 2 h). TNF-α in the supernatants was measured as a sensitive read out. Using the fura-2 340/380 nm ratio imaging technique, we further investigated the capsaicin-evoked Ca2+-signals in neurons from DRG, which were pre-treated with a wide range of LPS-doses.

Results
Release of TNF-α evoked by stimulation with 10 µg/ml LPS into the supernatant was not significantly modified by pre-exposure to low to ultra-low LPS-doses. Capsaicin-evoked Ca2+-signals were significantly enhanced by pre-treatment with LPS doses being above a certain threshold.

Conclusion
Ultra-low doses of LPS, which per se do not evoke a detectable inflammatory response, are not sufficient to sensitize neurons (Ca2+-responses) and glial elements (TNF-α-responses) of the primary afferent somatosensory system.
Einfluss der beruflichen Tätigkeit auf Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates der oberen Extremität
Authors: Hertling Stefan , Loos Franziska , Matziolis Georg , Kirschner Isabella , Graul Isabel 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates der oberen Extremität sind Grund für zunehmende krankheitsbedingte Fehlzeiten bei Erwerbspersonen.

Zielsetzung
Ziel dieser Studie ist es, den Einfluss der Berufsabhängigkeit auf die Entstehung von Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates der oberen Extremität zu untersuchen und neben berufsspezifischen Faktoren, gesundheitsbezogene Risiken darzustellen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden 1070 Patienten eingeschlossen, bei denen zwischen 2016 und 2019 bei einer Läsion der Rotatorenmanschette (RM) eine operative RM-Rekonstruktion durchgeführt wurde. Die relevanten Daten wurden retrospektiv aus dem Krankenhausinformationssystem dokumentiert. Die Berufszweige der Patienten wurden nach der Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 (KldB 2010) eingeteilt und mit routinemäßig erfassten und anonymisierten, frei verfügbaren Daten (Statistisches Bundesamt, Bundesagentur für Arbeit) verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Von den 1070 Patienten waren 844 Patienten im arbeitsfähigen Alter. Die Altersstruktur der einzelnen Bereiche zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Anhand der Vergleiche der Patientendaten mit der Bevölkerung ergaben sich signifikant höhere RM-Erkrankungsraten in den Bereichen Land‑, Forst- und Tierwirtschaft sowie Gartenbau (p = 0,003); Bau, Architektur, Vermessung und Gebäudetechnik (p < 0,001); Verkehr, Logistik, Schutz und Sicherheit (p < 0,001) und Unternehmensorganisation, Buchhaltung, Recht und Verwaltung (p < 0,001). Ein signifikant reduziertes Risiko bestand in Naturwissenshaft, Geografie und Informatik (p = 0,015); kaufmännische Dienstleistungen, Warenhandel, Vertrieb, Hotel und Tourismus (p < 0,001); Gesundheit, Soziales, Lehre und Erziehung (p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Die Prävalenz von RM-Läsionen zeigt einen statistischen Zusammenhang zur ausgeführten Berufstätigkeit in Abhängigkeit von den Berufszweigen. Neben der Berufsabhängigkeit spielen geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsfaktoren eine Rolle. Schulterschmerzen bei Erwerbstätigkeiten sollten differenzierter betrachtet werden. Dadurch sollen gezielt Präventivmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden können, um vorzubeugen.
Openness and privacy in born-digital archives: reflecting the role of AI development
Authors: Tzouganatou Angeliki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGalleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAMs) are striving to retain audience attention to issues related to cultural heritage, by implementing various novel opportunities for audience engagement through technological means online. Although born-digital assets for cultural heritage may have inundated the Internet in some areas, most of the time they are stored in “digital warehouses,” and the questions of the digital ecosystem’s sustainability, meaningful public participation and creative reuse of data still remain. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), are used to bring born-digital archives to light, aiming to enhance the public’s engagement and participation. At the core of this debate lies both the openness of data and issues of privacy. How open to the public should born-digital archives be? Should everything be open and available online, and what does it take to achieve balance between openness and privacy, especially through AI initiatives? The study is qualitative and builds on the rationale of grounded theory. The role of AI development is critically investigated in relation to opening up born-digital archives online, by considering privacy and ethics issues. Grounded in the context of the author’s PhD research, the paper proposes a human-centred approach to AI development for democratising its development towards fairness and social inclusion, contrary to the stereotypical cliché of blackboxing, allowing space for the plurality of born-digital archives to flourish.
Flesh of pumpkin from ecological farming as part of fruit suitable for non-destructive cultivar classification using computer vision
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Popińska Wioletta , Sabanci Kadir , Aslan Muhammet Fatih 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to build the discriminative models for distinguishing the different cultivars of flesh of pumpkin ‘Bambino’, ‘Butternut’, ‘Uchiki Kuri’ and ‘Orange’ based on selected textures of the outer surface of images of cubes. The novelty of research involved the use of about 2000 different textures for one image. The highest total accuracy (98%) of discrimination of pumpkin ‘Bambino’, ‘Butternut’, ‘Uchiki Kuri’ and ‘Orange’ was determined for models built based on textures selected from the color space Lab and the IBk classifier and some of the individual cultivars were classified with the correctness of 100%. The total accuracy of up to 96% was observed for color space RGB and 97.5% for color space XYZ. In the case of color channels, the total accuracies reached 91% for channel b, 89.5% for channel X, 89% for channel Z.
Okuläre Veränderungen als Hilfsmittel in der Malariadiagnostik
Authors: Faber Hanna , Berens Philipp , Rohrbach Jens Martin 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Laut WHO Malaria Report 2019 erkranken jährlich 229 Mio. Menschen an Malaria. Zwei Drittel der Todesfälle betreffen Kinder unter 5 Jahren.

Ziel der Arbeit
Überblick über die Fundusveränderungen im Rahmen der okulären Veränderungen bei Malaria, den Stellenwert der ophthalmologischen Diagnostik und die Bedeutung der Fundoskopie bei der Diagnose.

Material und Methoden
Zusammenfassende Darstellung der fundoskopisch sichtbaren Veränderungen bei zerebraler Malaria, möglicher zugrunde liegender Pathomechanismen sowie der Stellenwert der Fundoskopie in der Praxis.

Ergebnisse
Bei Malaria im Fundusbild erkennbar sind eine Weiß- bzw. Graufärbung der Retina („retinal whitening“), Farbveränderung retinaler Gefäße (Orange- oder Weißfärbung), Hämorrhagien, oft mit weißem Zentrum ähnlich den Roth-Flecken sowie ein Papillenödem.

Diskussion
Die retinalen Veränderungen bei Malaria sind charakteristisch und können helfen, Malaria von anderen Ursachen von Koma und Fieber abzugrenzen. Smartphone-basierte Fundusfotografie und künstliche Intelligenz könnten in ressourcenarmen Regionen zur Diagnose beitragen.
On the biological activity of cytokinin free bases and their ribosides
Authors: Romanov Georgy A. , Schmülling Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
The free bases of cytokinins are the biologically active forms of the hormone while cytokinin ribosides become active only upon removal of the ribose residue.

Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) belong to the classical plant hormones. They were discovered more than 65 years ago, but which molecular forms possess genuine CK activity is still matter of debate. Numerous studies support the view that only the free bases are the biologically active molecules. This standpoint has been challenged in a recent review (Nguyen et al. in Planta 254: 45, 2021) proposing that also CK ribosides may have genuine own CK activity. Here we critically discuss the pros and cons of this viewpoint considering the results of biological assays, CK binding studies, 3D structural data of CK-receptor interaction and mutant analyses. It is concluded that all types of study provide clear and convincing evidence only for biological activity of free bases and not ribosides; the latter are rather a transport form of the hormone without their own biological activity.
The pediatric common variable immunodeficiency — from genetics to therapy: a review
Authors: Szczawinska-Poplonyk Aleksandra , Schwartzmann Eyal , Bukowska-Olech Ewelina , Biernat Michal , Gattner Stanislaw , Korobacz Tomasz , Nowicki Filip , Wiczuk-Wiczewska Monika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent antibody deficiency, characterized by remarkable genetic, immunological, and clinical heterogeneity. The diagnosis of pediatric CVID is challenging due to the immaturity of the immune response and sustained actively developing antibody affinity to antigens and immunological memory that may overlap with the inborn error of immunity. Significant progress has been recently done in the field of immunogenetics, yet a paucity of experimental and clinical studies on different systemic manifestations and immunological features of CVID in children may contribute to a delayed diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we aimed at defining the variable epidemiological, etiological, and clinical aspects of pediatric CVID with special emphasis on predominating infectious and non-infectious phenotypes in affected children.Conclusion: While pediatric CVID is a multifaceted and notorious disease, increasing the pediatricians’ awareness of this disease entity and preventing the diagnostic and therapeutic delay are needed, thereby improving the prognosis and survival of pediatric CVID patients.

What is Known:• CVID is an umbrella diagnosis characterized by complex pathophysiology with an antibody deficiency as a common denominator.• It is a multifaceted disease characterized by marked genetic, immunological, and clinical heterogeneity..

What is New:• The diagnosis of pediatric CVID is challenging due to the immaturity of innate and adaptive immune response.• Increasing the pediatricians’ awareness of CVID for the early disease recognition, timely therapeutic intervention, and improving the prognosis is needed.
Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi
Authors: Cavalier-Smith Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractI thoroughly discuss ciliary transition zone (TZ) evolution, highlighting many overlooked evolutionarily significant ultrastructural details. I establish fundamental principles of TZ ultrastructure and evolution throughout eukaryotes, inferring unrecognised ancestral TZ patterns for Fungi, opisthokonts, and Corticata (i.e., kingdoms Plantae and Chromista). Typical TZs have a dense transitional plate (TP), with a previously overlooked complex lattice as skeleton. I show most eukaryotes have centriole/TZ junction acorn-V filaments (whose ancestral function was arguably supporting central pair microtubule-nucleating sites; I discuss their role in centriole growth). Uniquely simple malawimonad TZs (without TP, simpler acorn) pinpoint the eukaryote tree's root between them and TP-bearers, highlighting novel superclades. I integrate TZ/ciliary evolution with the best multiprotein trees, naming newly recognised major eukaryote clades and revise megaclassification of basal kingdom Protozoa. Recent discovery of non-photosynthetic phagotrophic flagellates with genome-free plastids (Rhodelphis), the sister group to phylum Rhodophyta (red algae), illuminates plant and chromist early evolution. I show previously overlooked marked similarities in cell ultrastructure betweenRhodelphisandPicomonas, formerly considered an early diverging chromist. In both a nonagonal tube lies between their TP and an annular septum surrounding their 9+2 ciliary axoneme. Mitochondrial dense condensations and mitochondrion-linked smooth endomembrane cytoplasmic partitioning cisternae further support grouping Picomonadea and Rhodelphea as new plant phylum Pararhoda. As Pararhoda/Rhodophyta form a robust clade on site-heterogeneous multiprotein trees, I group Pararhoda and Rhodophyta as new infrakingdom Rhodaria of Plantae within subkingdom Biliphyta, which also includes Glaucophyta with fundamentally similar TZ, uniquely in eukaryotes. I explain how biliphyte TZs generated viridiplant stellate-structures.
From Bachelier to Dupire via optimal transport
Authors: Beiglböck Mathias , Pammer Gudmund , Schachermayer Walter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFamously, mathematical finance was started by Bachelier in his 1900 PhD thesis where – among many other achievements – he also provided a formal derivation of the Kolmogorov forward equation. This also forms the basis for Dupire’s (again formal) solution to the problem of finding an arbitrage-free model calibrated to a given volatility surface. The latter result has rigorous counterparts in the theorems of Kellerer and Lowther. In this survey article, we revisit these hallmarks of stochastic finance, highlighting the role played by some optimal transport results in this context.
Distributing the European structural and investment funds from a conflicting claims approach
Authors: Solís-Baltodano María-José , Giménez-Gómez José-Manuel , Peris Josep E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn order to support economic development across all European Union regions, €351.8 billion –almost a third of the total EU budget– has been set aside for the Cohesion Policy during the 2014–2020 period. The distribution of this budget is made through five main structural and investment funds, after long and difficult negotiations among the EU member states. This paper analyzes the problem of allocating the limited resources of the European Regional Development Fund as a conflicting claims problem. Specifically, we attempt to show how the conflicting claims approach fits this actual problem, and we propose alternative ways of distributing the budget via (i) claims solutions or (ii) the imposition of bounds (guarantees) to each of the regions. By applying this approach we also show that there is a claims solution that performs better than the others by reducing inequality and promoting convergence to a greater degree. It is clear that political bargaining will always be part of the allocation process. However, having an intuitive initial proposal may help politicians to find the best agreement. To that effect, we propose the use of a claims solution as a way to find an initial proposal for future policy changes concerning the allocations of the EU structural funds.
Resistance to amitraz in the parasitic honey bee mite Varroa destructor is associated with mutations in the β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Carmen Sara , Moreno-Martí Sara , Almecija Gabrielle , Christmon Krisztina , Johnson Josephine D. , Ventelon Marie , vanEngelsdorp Dennis , Cook Steven C. , González-Cabrera Joel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVarroa destructor is considered a major reason for high loss rate of Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies. To prevent colony losses caused by V. destructor, it is necessary to actively manage the mite population. Beekeepers, particularly commercial beekeepers, have few alternative treatments other than synthetic acaricides to control the parasite, resulting in intensive treatment regimens that led to the evolution of resistance in mite populations. To investigate the mechanism of the resistance to amitraz detected in V. destructor mites from French and U.S. apiaries, we identified and characterized octopamine and tyramine receptors (the known targets of amitraz) in this species. The comparison of sequences obtained from mites collected from different apiaries with different treatment regimens, showed that the amino acid substitutions N87S or Y215H in the OctβR were associated with treatment failures reported in French or U.S. apiaries, respectively. Based on our findings, we have developed and tested two high throughput diagnostic assays based on TaqMan technology able to accurately detect mites carrying the mutations in this receptor. This valuable information may be of help for beekeepers when selecting the most suitable acaricide to manage V. destructor.
Seasonal movement patterns and habitat use of sub-adult Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in a highly managed and tidally influenced Pacific Coast Watershed
Authors: Le Doux-Bloom Cynthia M. , Lane Rebekah S. , Christian Grant J. , Masatani Catherine A. , Hemmert Jennifer E. , Klimley A. Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposely introduced in 1879, Pacific coast Striped Bass Morone saxatilis once supported a commercial fishery and currently supports a recreational fishery in the San Francisco Estuary Watershed, CA, USA; however, the population has been in decline for decades. Since little is known about sub-adult behavior on the Pacific coast, we used acoustic telemetry to investigate seasonal movement patterns and habitat use across three regions (bay, delta, and river) and the effects of temperature and salinity on habitat use over a 2-year period. Sub-adult movement and habitat use differed by year and age. In spring, age-I and age-II sub-adults moved within the delta (60%), river (20%), and bay (20%) regions, and by summer, some individuals moved to the bay (36%), while others remained in the delta (42%) and river (22%). Fall and winter showed equal movement between the bay and delta regions. During year 2, age-II and age-III fish inhabited the bay region across all seasons with the exception of spring when a few individuals migrated up river. Generally, sub-adults did not inhabit the river region in fall or winter. Sub-adults were not detected in water temperatures < 10 °C and occurred most often in 20–25 °C. Younger sub-adults inhabited limnetic habitat where older fish inhabited mesohaline and polyhaline habitats. Our findings suggest that sub-adult seasonal movement patterns and habitat use hotspots have important fishery management implications and can be useful to address concerns over how this non-native fish’s predation impacts native and endangered fishes.