bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of two methods for the detection of circulating tumour cells in patients with oral cavity cancer
Authors: Curtin Justin , Wong Gordon , Wang Weilan , Thomson Peter , Lam Alfred K. , Choi Siu‐Wai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCirculating tumour cells (CTCs) detected in patient blood samples are relevant as diagnostic and prognostic markers offering insights into tumour behaviour and guiding treatment of cancer at an individualised level. The aim of this study was to ascertain the feasibility of detecting CTCs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using two different methods so as to determine the optimal method for the study of this cancer.MethodsComparison of the numbers of CTCs, circulating tumour micro‐emboli (CTMs) and circulating tumour endothelial cells (CTECs), was undertaken in forty clinical samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) determined by filtration (ISET®) and in situ fluorescent immunostaining (i‐FISH, Cytelligen®) immunostaining and in situ hybridisation.Resultsi‐FISH detected CTCs in 80% of samples compared with 40% of samples analysed by microfiltration. i‐FISH detected CTCs in a further 40% of samples in which microfiltration did not detect CTCs. No CTC clusters were detected by microfiltration while i‐FISH detected CTM in 12.5% of samples. i‐FISH analysis detected CTECs in 20/40 samples.ConclusionThese results highlight significant differences in detection of CTCs, CTM and CTECs between i‐FISH and microfiltration when applied to OSCC samples, suggesting that technologies capable of detecting circulating aneuploid cells more accurately detect CTCs. i‐FISH also detected CTM and CTEC not detected using ISET®. With proven prognostic relevance in adenocarcinomas, accurate enumeration of CTCs, CTMs and CTECs may be a clinically useful tool in the management of OSCC and may aid in the reduction of false‐negative diagnoses.
Can I breastfeed my baby with Down syndrome? A scoping review
Authors: Zhen Lijiin , Moxon Joseph , Gorton Susan , Hook Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AimTo summarise existing evidence about barriers and enablers to breastfeeding babies with Down syndrome (DS) in peer‐reviewed literature.MethodsOvid Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and Ovid Emcare were searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen yielded articles and those meeting the criteria were included for data extraction. Two authors extracted data including outcomes, design, definition of DS, barriers and enablers to breastfeeding babies with DS.ResultsSixteen studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Barriers and enablers were categorised into maternal, child and health professional factors.ConclusionsThis review identified a significant literature gap related to breastfeeding babies with DS and more definitive research under current standards is needed. Mothers reported the need for high‐quality health professional breastfeeding support and evidence‐based effective breastfeeding techniques. A collaborated and concerted approach from both mothers and health professionals is important to optimise breastfeeding for babies with DS.
Digital reframing: The design thinking of redesigning traditional products into innovative digital products
Authors: Wang Gongtai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe redesign of traditional products into innovative digital products is a profound form of digital innovation. It is imperative for both digitally native and traditional firms to understand and effectively manage this form of digital innovation to survive and thrive amid expected disruptions when traditional products are driven out of business by digital products. Current insights into this form of digital innovation are limited, as previous research has focused on the design of innovative digital technologies. However, if we break everyday digital products down, we often find centuries‐old physical products and digital technologies that have existed for years, if not decades. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of digital innovation is needed to attend to how the digital and the physical are combined, and how such a combination makes digital products innovative even when it reuses existing digital technologies. To this end, this study addresses the research question, “How does the reuse of digital technologies enable the redesign of a traditional product into an innovative digital product?” Adopting the “design thinking as reframing” perspective, we conducted a grounded theory study of the design thinking acted out by the doing of the design of an innovative digital theatre. This study inductively develops a theory explaining the design thinking of redesigning a traditional product into an innovative digital product as a digital reframing process, where designers take the frames of digital technologies and rethink existing products (frame taking), merge the frames into the product under design (frame merging), and propose a new frame to interpret the resultant product (frame giving). Our study has important implications for both research and practice.
The role of personal and relative job performance in promotion decisions
Authors: Jokinen Juho , Pehkonen Jaakko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study employs personnel data from a large university to examine how supervisors utilize information on employees' job performance in promotion decisions. The study shows that better‐performing employees are rewarded with promotions as a higher output of peer‐reviewed publications and better quality of research output are associated with a higher probability of being promoted. The study also shows that supervisors compare their subordinates' job performance when deciding on promotions: employees who outperform their colleagues in terms of research output and research quality are more likely to be promoted. Subsequently, the study provides evidence to support the key premise of the tournament theory that promotions depend on relative comparisons of employees' performance.
LOST IN THE QUEST FOR FLINT: A GRAVETTIAN HUNTING CAMP (USATEGI, BASQUE COUNTRY)
Authors: Calvo Aitor , Arrizabalaga Alvaro 
Published: September 2021

SummaryFive decades ago, Usategi Cave (Basque Country) yielded a small Gravettian series that included an Isturitz‐type bone point. This paper presents the first 14C dates for the assemblage and new data obtained by the study of the lithic raw materials, a high proportion of which came from north of the Pyrenees. The discussion of this new information leads to the hypothesis that the occupants of the cave were a group that travelled from the continental Basque Country across the Pyrenean mountain passes and the Ebro basin to procure flint from the nearest outcrop at Urbasa.
Where Do People Live Longer in Russia in the 21st Century? Life Expectancy across Urban and Rural areas
Authors: Shchur Aleksey , Shkolnikov Vladimir M. , Timonin Sergey , Andreev Evgeny , Leon David A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe twenty‐first century marked the beginning of rapid health improvements in Russia. In the late 2000s and the 2010s, there was already a moderate decrease in inter‐oblast mortality disparities, with the exception of the growing life expectancy (LE) advantage of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. We have used newly available data to explore LE changes from 2003–2005 to 2015–2017 and determinants of LE differences across settlements of different types and population sizes. We distinguished between three major segments of the LE distribution: Moscow and Saint Petersburg at the top, large‐ and medium‐sized cities in the middle, and smaller urban and rural areas lagging behind. The LE differences among these three groups increased, but the within‐group differences decreased. The gaps between bigger cities and the “periphery” within oblasts grew, and this part of the total dispersion had increased substantially by 2015–2017. Education, together with population size, explained 62 percent (for females) and 67 percent (for males) of LE variation across 292 geographic units in 2015–2017. Our results suggest that slower health progress in small urban and rural areas is an important obstacle to further mortality reduction at the national level and is a matter of public health concern.
Simultaneous pediatric heart‐kidney transplant outcomes in the US: A‐25 year National Cohort Study
Authors: Choudhry Swati , Denfield Susan W. , Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Wang Yunfei , Tunuguntla Hari P. , Cabrera Antonio G. , Price Jack F. , Dreyer William J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric sHKTx remains uncommon in the US. We examined outcomes of pediatric sHKTx compared to PHTx alone. Our objective was to identify a threshold eGFR that justified pediatric sHKTx.MethodsData from the SRTR heart and kidney databases were used to identify 9245 PHTx, and 63 pediatric sHKTx performed between 1992 and 2017 (age ≤21 years).ResultsThe median age for sHKTx was 16 years, and included 31 males (31/63 = 49%). Over half of sHKTx (36/63 = 57%) were performed in cases where pretransplant dialysis was initiated. Among patients who required pretransplant dialysis, the risk of death in sHKTx recipients was significantly lower than PHTx alone (sHKTx vs. PHTx: HR 0.4, 95% CI [0.2, 0.9], p = .01). In those without pretransplant dialysis, there was no improvement in survival between sHKTx and PHTx (p = .2). When stratified by eGFR, PHTx alone recipients had worse survival than sHKTx in the group with eGFR ≤35 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p = .04). The 1‐ and 5‐year actuarial survival rates in pediatric sHKTx recipients were 87% and 81.5% respectively and was similar to isolated PHTx (p = .5). One‐year rates of treated heart (11%) and kidney (7.9%) rejection were similar in sHKTx compared to PHTx alone (p = .7) and pediatric kidney transplant alone (p = .5) respectively.ConclusionPediatric sHKTx should be considered in HTx candidates with kidney failure requiring dialysis or eGFR ≤35 ml/min/1.73 m2. The utility of sHKTx in cases of kidney failure not requiring dialysis warrants further study.
Reflective reasoning & philosophy
Authors: Byrd Nick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhilosophy is a reflective activity. So perhaps it is unsurprising that many philosophers have claimed that reflection plays an important role in shaping and even improving our philosophical thinking. This hypothesis seems plausible given that training in philosophy has correlated with better performance on tests of reflection and reflective test performance has correlated with demonstrably better judgments in a variety of domains. This article reviews the hypothesized roles of reflection inphilosophicalthinking as well as the empirical evidence for these roles. This reveals that although there are reliable links between reflection and philosophical judgment among both laypeople and philosophers, the role of reflection in philosophical thinking may nonetheless depend in part on other factors, some of which have yet to be determined. So progress in research on reflection in philosophy may require further innovation in experimental methods and psychometric validation of philosophical measures.
DcWRKY75 promotes ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Authors: Xu Han , Luo Dan , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYCarnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most important and typical ethylene sensitive cut flowers worldwide, although how ethylene influences the petal senescence process in carnation remains largely unknown. Here, we screened out one of the key transcription factors, DcWRKY75, using a constructed ethylene induced petal senescence transcriptome in carnation and found that it shows quick induction by ethylene treatment. Silencing of DcWRKY75 delays ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation. Molecular evidence confirms that DcWRKY75 can bind to the promoter regions of two main ethylene biosynthetic genes (DcACS1 and DcACO1) and a couple of senescence associated genes (DcSAG12 and DcSAG29) to activate their expression. Furthermore, we show that DcWRKY75 is a direct target gene of DcEIL3‐1, which is a homolog of the ethylene signaling core transcription factor EIN3 in Arabidopsis. DcEIL3‐1 can physically interact with DcWRKY75 and silencing of DcEIL3‐1 also delays ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation and inhibits the ethylene induced expression of DcWRKY75 and its target genes. The present study demonstrates that the transcriptional regulation network is vitally important for ethylene induced petal senescence process in carnation and potentially in other ethylene sensitive cut flowers.
Institutional similarity, firm heterogeneity and export sophistication
Authors: Demir Firat , Hu Chenghao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat explains changes in export sophistication across firms and destinations? This paper studies the effects of institutional similarity and firm heterogeneity on export sophistication using revealed product mix and firm‐level data from China and establishes eight stylised facts. First, firms export more sophisticated products to destinations with more similar institutions. Second, the positive effect of institutional similarity is weaker for higher productivity firms. Third, whilst exports of private, foreign, and joint‐venture firms are more sophisticated, they are less sensitive to institutional similarity than public firms. Fourth, export‐oriented firms export more sophisticated products and are more sensitive to institutional similarity. Fifth, whilst remoteness to export markets does not affect export sophistication, firms that export to further destinations are less sensitive to institutional similarity. Sixth, although multiproduct firms and firms with lower export skewness export more sophisticated products, they are more sensitive to institutional similarity. Seventh, the effect of institutional similarity is asymmetric and is less important when exporting to countries with better institutions. Eight, firms that are more dependent on contract enforcement export more sophisticated products, and more so to markets with similar institutions.
Development aid and illicit capital flight: Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Steinkamp Sven , Westermann Frank 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile illicit capital flight is a major concern of policymakers in developing countries, there is only little research on the possible link between capital flight and development aid. In this paper, we address the issue for Nepal, a stereotypical financially closed developing economy that is highly dependent on resources from abroad. Distinguishing features of our approach are the use of a narrowly defined proxy of capital flight, based on trade cost‐adjusted mirror trade statistics, and the focus on the foreign‐exchange cash component of development aid. We document a robust partial correlation between aid and outward capital flight that is economically and statistically significant. Interestingly, this positive correlation is not observable for remittances, an alternative form of foreign‐exchange inflows where the capital flight motivation is absent. Furthermore, it is visible in the FX cash component but not in broader aid definitions that include in‐kind transfers, or in multilateral and IMF loans. Finally, when comparing the subcomponents of export underinvoicing and import overinvoicing, only the latter is driving our results.
Postattenuation neurologic signs after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: A review
Authors: Mullins Ronan A. , Escribano Carrera Antía , Anderson Davina M. , Billet Jean‐Philippe , Brissot Herve , Broome Cameron , de Rooster Hilde , Kirby Barbara M. , Pratschke Kathryn M. , Tivers Michael S. , White Robert N. , Yool Donald A. , Youmans K. Ruth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) is a poorly understood and potentially devastating complication after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs. Postattenuation neurologic signs include seizures but also more subtle neurologic signs such as depression, behavioral changes, tremors, and twitching. They most commonly occur within 7 days postoperatively and are typically unrelated to hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, or electrolyte disturbances. This narrative review summarizes the findings of 50 publications from 1988‐2020 that report occurrence ofPANS. While most published reports included only dogs affected by postattenuation seizures (PAS), others included dogs with any form ofPANS. Overall,PANS(includingPAS) affected 1.6%‐27.3% of dogs, whereas incidence ofPASranged from 0%‐18.2%. The etiology ofPANSremains unknown; however, several theories have been proposed. Risk factors include preoperative hepatic encephalopathy, increasing age, and possibly certain breeds and extrahepatic shunt morphology. There is increasing evidence that prophylactic antiepileptic drugs do not preventPANS. Treatment is centered around controlling neurologic signs with antiepileptic drugs and providing supportive intensive care. The 30‐day survival rate in studies that included a minimum of four dogs affected byPANSwas 0%‐100% (median, 50.0%) and 0%‐75.0% (median, 37.5%) for those withPAS. Mortality associated withPANSwas typically related to occurrence of generalized seizure activity. Prognostic factors positively associated with short‐term survival included having a history of preoperative seizures and development of focal seizures only. If affected dogs survived to discharge, survival for several years was possible, and the majority of neurologic signs manifested as part of the phenomenon ofPANSappeared to resolve.
On the Dynamics of a Biomimetic Model of a Sympodial Tree: From Bifurcations Diagrams and 6D Basins of Attraction to Dynamical Integrity and Robustness
Authors: Andonovski Nemanja , Kovacic Ivana , Lenci Stefano 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work is concerned with a mechanical model of a sympodial tree with first-level branches, which has been shown to exhibit certain properties potentially suitable for biomimetic applications. To investigate these potential benefits further from the viewpoint of the system nonlinear behavior under external periodic excitation, modern numerical tools related to the concept of dynamical integrity are either adjusted or newly developed for this system for the first time. First, multistable regions of interest are isolated from bifurcation diagrams and the effect of damping is investigated. Then, in order to obtain the corresponding basins of attraction of this highly dimensional model, an original computational procedure is developed that includes cell mapping with 406 cells, where each cell represents an initial condition required to construct the map. Full 6D basins are computed, and they are reported for various values of the damping parameter and the excitation frequency. Those basins are then used to calculate the dynamic integrity factors so that the dominant steady-state can be determined. Finally, the integrity profiles are reported to illustrate how the robustness varies by changing the system parameters.
BIKED: A Dataset for Computational Bicycle Design with Machine Learning Benchmarks
Authors: Regenwetter Lyle , Curry Brent , Ahmed Faez 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present “BIKED,” a dataset comprised of 4500 individually designed bicycle models sourced from hundreds of designers. We expect BIKED to enable a variety of data-driven design applications for bicycles and support the development of data-driven design methods. The dataset is comprised of a variety of design information including assembly images, component images, numerical design parameters, and class labels. In this paper, we first discuss the processing of the dataset, then highlight some prominent research questions that BIKED can help address. Of these questions, we further explore the following in detail: 1) How can we explore, understand, and visualize the current design space of bicycles and utilize this information? We apply unsupervised embedding methods to study the design space and identify key takeaways from this analysis. 2) When designing bikes using algorithms, under what conditions can machines understand the design of a given bike? We train a multitude of classifiers to understand designs, then examine the behavior of these classifiers through confusion matrices and permutation-based interpretability analysis. 3) Can machines learn to synthesize new bicycle designs by studying existing ones? We test Variational Autoencoders on random generation, interpolation, and extrapolation tasks after training on BIKED data. The dataset and code are available at http://decode.mit.edu/projects/biked/
Near Source Modeling of Pollutant Emissions From an Elevated Source Over an Urban Area Under Cross High Ventilation
Authors: Mahjoub Hammouda , Romdhane Sahar Ben , Said Nejla Mahjoub , El-Saeedy Halemah Ibrahim , Znaidia Sami , El-Rahman Magda Abd 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Due to the rapid urbanization of many cities around the world, industrial manufacturing plants have grown rapidly, thus leading to the release of large amounts of pollutants into the environment. This is the main reason for the degradation of the local air quality, resulting in an increased risk of unfavorable sanitary conditions for city dwellers. Understanding the dispersion of pollutants in local population environments, meteorological conditions and other physical characteristics is fundamental for predicting and evaluating air quality. This paper provides comprehensive details on the study of flow patterns and pollutant dispersion processes in urban areas. Several factors which include building geometry, local atmospheric effects, structural obstructions, and velocity of exhaust pollutants are examined considering field data, wind tunnel tests, operational simulation techniques, and computational fluid dynamics. Good agreements are noticeable. Simultaneous evolutions of the velocity, thermal and scalar mass fraction fields of the pollutant emitting from a three-dimensional elevated source around a rectangular obstacle placed on a turbulent boundary layer wall, and also downstream the obstacle, have been successfully carried out. The most serious pollutant levels in urban areas under various high wind velocities are identified.
Loop Heat Pipe Design: An Evaluation of Recent Research on the Selection of Evaporator, Wick, and Working Fluid
Authors: Ahmed Shahnawaz , Pandey Manmohan , Kawaji Masahiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Since its invention nearly five decades ago, the loop heat pipe has revolutionized every application requiring cooling or maintaining a constant temperature environment. In this article, its various designs aspects are explored, which include design of the evaporator, wick, and selection of working fluid. Factors such as design guidelines and how they affect the physics of the overall system are surveyed. For the evaporator part, its various designs and their respective applications/operating ranges are reviewed. In the wick section, recent trends on its fabrication and performance enhancement are shown. A special section on how the wick functions is added, with a focus on the study of liquid–vapor meniscus using the thin-film evaporation theory. Attention is also given to the investigations on the various figures of merit used for the selection of the working fluid. For the first time, these figures of merit are categorized with respect to the device physics they represent/simulate. In the end, this review article also touches upon the various creative designs and ideas used to enhance the loop heat pipe performance.