bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probable maximum precipitation for a coastal site of Tarapur, Maharashtra, India, using intensity–duration–frequency curves
Authors: Kumar D. Satish , Behera Manasa Ranjan , Nadella Saikrishna , Kumar A. Vinod 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for Tarapur, a coastal industrial area, has been assessed by developing intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves using Atomic Energy Regulatory Board recommended probabilistic methods. The analysis identified Fréchet distribution as the best fit according to goodness of fit tests; however, its heavy-tailed nature led to implausible PMP estimates when compared with similar studies. Consequently, the Gumbel distribution, with parameters estimated using the least squares method, was selected as a more appropriate model for extreme rainfall events. The study also identified the most optimal plotting position formulations (PPFs) for the considered meterorological parameter. The Hazen PPF was identified to be better, for the considered rainfall data and was used to determine the PMP estimates for different storm durations. The distribution parameters were applied to yield the PMP estimates for 100, 1000, and 10000-year return period across all durations. The PMP presented as IDF charts prepared for this site, will be useful for modeling runoff characteristics and determining maximum water levels.
Evaluation and assessments of efficiency calibration and resolution of an alpha spectrometry system using standard sources
Authors: Bramha Satyanarayan , Chandrasekaran S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Studies and evaluations of the detector characteristics of a high-resolution multichamber alpha spectrometer and its calibration using certified mixed standard sources of 239Pu, 241Am, and 244Cm for measuring alpha-emitting radionuclides dedicated to environmental samples. The efficiency and resolution were evaluated for each potential distance between the source and the detector across all four solid-state ORTEC-ULTRA AS detectors. The results obtained from the characteristics performance of the alpha from the standard alpha sources are described in detail in the paper, and also a case study for the environmental application shows very good recovery using the alpha spectrometer.
Role of self-efficacy in dealing with patients with alcohol dependence syndrome
Authors: Nongtdu Treiadalang , Elukapally Omesh Kumar , Rao Sireesha Srinivas , Usha L.V.R. , Boosa Raghuveer Raju 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Self-efficacy plays a very important role in maintaining abstinence as well as predicting response to treatment in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess and compare the level of self-efficacy among relapsed and abstinent patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with alcohol dependence syndrome recruited from the deaddiction ward of a tertiary care hospital who had relapsed (n = 50) and compared with abstinent (n = 50) on treatment with anticraving agents. All study subjects of both groups were assessed for self-efficacy using the Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASES) – Confidence not to drink and AASES – Temptation to drink subscales.

Results:
Mean total scores of confidences not to drink subscale of the self-efficacy scale were higher in the abstinence group (43.86) than relapse group (37.24) (P = 0.01). In the temptation to drink subscale, mean total scores were higher for the relapse group (41.08) than the abstinent group (36.7) (P = 0.09).

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that self-efficacy had a significant effect on abstinence in persons with alcohol dependence syndrome.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and other serological profile of opioid-dependent intravenous drug users infected with hepatitis C virus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahajan Piyush , Dahuja Malvika , Singh Manjit , Nagapadma Medi , Reddy M Ramasubba 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
As per the 2023 National Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Control Programme report, there are 8.5 lakh intravenous drug users (IDUs) in India, although the figures have varied greatly from the year 2009 to 2023. The IDU size population in Punjab is about 2600 to 18,000 as per the year 2008 survey reports. In the 2008 survey, the majority of such patients belonged to the age group of 18 to 30 years and most of them were employed, and the mean duration of IDU was 3 to 7 years. The total number of patients receiving in-patient treatment during the past 6-month period was only 15 clients per month. IDUs with HCV infections are more likely to have hepatitis B and HIV infections.

Aim and Objectives:
1. To study the sociodemographic factors of HCV-infected IDUs admitted in the psychiatry ward of Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Medical College, Vallah, Amritsar. 2. To study the clinical features, psychiatric profile, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HIV status of HCV-infected IDUs.

Methodology:
This was a hospital-based, observational, cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Psychiatry at SGRD Medical College, Vallah, Amritsar. The data were collected from the year 2019 to 2023 consisting of the sociodemographic profile, IDU status, HCV status, and psychiatric history of all the opioid-dependent patients admitted during this time. The HBsAg and HIV status of the same patients were also collected.

Results:
In our study, the mean age group was 25 ± 5 years. All were males (100%). The majority of the patients were educated up to higher secondary level. The majority of cases started using intravenous drugs out of curiosity (52.5%). Most of them were using heroin from 0 to 5 years (56.7%). Most of them had tried to quit substances 2 or more times in the form of deaddiction treatment (49%) and had relapsed due to craving. Most patients were still IDU positive or relapsed to be IDU positive again despite being HCV reactive (66.7%) because of craving (44.5%) and stress and comorbid psychiatric disorders (30%). Bipolar disorder (46.7%), schizophrenia (33.3%), and personality disorders (6.7%) were common psychiatric illnesses seen in the studied cases. Most of them had a positive family history for substance use (60%).

Conclusion:
The opioid-dependent and HCV-infected IDUs having psychiatric illness are likely to have coinfections such as hepatitis B and HIV. All such patients need to be comprehensively evaluated for such coinfections.
Psychiatrists in rural Telangana: Working condition, challenges, and career satisfaction
Authors: Chhangte Lalremliana , Miryala Gireesh Kumar , Yerramilli Srinivasa SRR 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Gradual expansion of reach in mental health-care provision in rural areas provides increasing opportunities to understand the mental health status and provision of mental health services in rural areas from the perspective of psychiatrists with experience of day-to-day ground reality.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to study rural mental health scenarios in three domains of working conditions, challenges in providing psychiatric services, and career satisfaction of psychiatrists serving in these regions.

Subjects and Methods:
The survey instrument is a semistructured 29 questions including “yes or no” and Likert scale questionnaire. Of 22 psychiatrists in Telangana known to have rural experience among whom the questionnaire was sent, 19 responses were received. The Pearson correlation test was used to find the association between challenges and career satisfaction.

Results:
The overall Likert mean scores for challenges and career satisfaction are 2.3 and 2.54, respectively (neutral score = 2). There was a significant negative association between challenge score and satisfaction score (Pearson correlation = −0.600**). Among factors related to challenges, cooperation from health workers (P = 0.005) and from administrators (P = 0.001) were significantly affecting the satisfaction.

Conclusion:
Strong correlation between cooperation from other health workers and administrators with career satisfaction necessitates a special focus on these areas. Only with adequate addressal of these challenges faced, the vision of providing mental health services at different levels of the district health-care delivery system may be realized.
Study of factors associated with obesity in patients using antipsychotics in schizophrenia
Authors: Patnam Vishalakshi , Keerthi P Ramya , Kiran P Ravi , Panati Dinesh 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The atypical antipsychotic agents can raise body weight directly by acting on feeding areas of the brain, or indirectly by endocrine effects such as decreased gonadal levels, hyperprolactinemia, and hypercortisolism, and effect on peptide hormones, especially leptin. This may provide inputs from a mental health prevention and promotion standpoint. It may inform the development of prediction tools and better interventions. It may also encourage research on the causal pathways and mechanisms mediating the relationship.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the factors associated with obesity in patients with schizophrenia using antipsychotics. To compare sociodemographic profile, duration of illness in patients with schizophrenia to obesity and associated risk factors.

Subjects and Methods:
One hundred patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 were selected, and informed consent was obtained. Weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index, lipid profile, i.e., total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of the patients were measured using standard scales and kit.

Results:
The mean fasting blood sugar level in cases was 33.3 ± 24.2. The mean TC levels were 176.2 ± 15.8. The mean TG levels were 123.4 ± 15.1. The mean HDL levels were 47 ± 6.1. The mean LDL levels were 103.3 ± 15.9. and decreased ratio of LDL/HDL in responders taking atypical antipsychotic drugs (n = 32), but not in patients treated with conventional antipsychotic drugs (n = 36). The weight gain after a typical antipsychotic drug, i.e., haloperidol, was 64.8 ± 7.5. The weight gain after atypical antipsychotic medication, i.e., olanzapine, was 65.0 ± 7.5, risperidone was 64.5 ± 7.2, and remaining olanzapine and risperidone were 65.1 ± 7.6, respectively.

Conclusion:
With steadily increasing rates of obesity globally, an understanding of the impact of obesity on the prevalence rates of mental disorders assumes significance. It may inform the development of prediction tools and better intervention. Further, obesity has been identified consistently as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome among psychiatric populations receiving treatment with agents such as olanzapine and risperidone. This three-way link between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and psychiatric disorders presents significant opportunities to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and develop newer therapeutic targets.
A cross-sectional study to analyze the pattern of pharmacotherapy and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Abhishree B. S. , Bhat Shreya , Muraraiah Sushma , Rajarathna Kavitha 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Schizophrenia, a severe chronic mental disorder, is primarily treated with pharmacotherapy, typically involving either first-generation antipsychotics (FGA) or second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) or a combination of both. The selection of antipsychotics, transitions between medications, and the consideration of combination therapies are influenced by various factors.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the pattern and factors associated with pharmacotherapy along with adverse drug reactions among patients with schizophrenia.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study with 60 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and on antipsychotic medications for at least 3 months was conducted. Demographic data, prescription details, and severity of disease were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were compared among monotherapy and polytherapy using the Chi-square test.

Results:
Majority of patients were aged between 18 and 45 years. Monotherapy was prevalent in 70%, with risperidone (42%) and clozapine (6%) being the primary choices. The most commonly used combination antipsychotic therapy in 30% of subjects was found to be risperidone and clozapine. Switchover therapy from FGA to SGA and additional therapy with SGA were observed in 35% and 15% of the study population, respectively. Sociodemographic variables, frequency of hospitalization, or symptomatic episodes did not influence the choice of mono or combination therapy of antipsychotics.

Conclusion:
Majority of patients were on antipsychotic monotherapy, and the switching of antipsychotics was related to clinical effectiveness and adverse effects. The choice between monotherapy or combination therapy of antipsychotics was not found to be associated with sociodemographic and illness-related variables.
A prospective observational study of pharmacological attitude in psychiatric population
Authors: Parkash Gagan Shant , Singh Harminder , Deb Rahul , Nagapadma Medi 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
The study was done (1) to evaluate the attitude of patients toward medications related to psychiatric illnesses and (2) to determine the association of attitude with adherence.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was carried out at the Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in Punjab. A total of 425 patients admitted at the indoor and outdoor departments, from July 2022 to June 2023, were included. Morisky-8 scale and Drug Attitude Inventory-10 scale were used for the assessment of patients.

Results:
Among 425 patients, 173 (40.7%) patients were nonadherent, out of which 377 (88.7%) patients had pharmacophilic attitude and 48 (11.3%) had pharmacophobic attitude. Compared to pharmacophilic attitude group, pharmacophobic attitude group had significantly more rural distribution (83.3% vs. 66.31%, P = 0.017), more illiterate (16.67% vs. 5.04%, P = 0.002), and less unemployed (27.08% vs. 44.03%, P = 0.025). Patients with schizophrenia were significantly more in pharmacophobic group than pharmacophilic group (10.42% vs. 3.71%, P = 0.034). Anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and depression showed no association with attitude. Among 173 nonadherent patients, 127 were pharmacophilic and 46 were pharmacophobic, whereas among 252 adherent patients, only 2 were pharmacophobic. Pharmacophobic attitude showed a significant association with nonadherence to the medications (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that 11.3% of patients had pharmacophobic attitude, and pharmacophobic attitude is significantly associated with non-adherence to the medications. Among the psychiatric disorders schizophrenia, patients had significantly higher pharmacophobic attitude.
Exploring the relationship of body image with self-esteem, anxiety, and depression among female medical undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study from North India
Authors: Victor Robin , Gondwal Rohit , Avinash Priyaranjan , Dhain Bhumika , Singhania Rachit 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Dissatisfaction with body image is common both among adolescents and young adults, especially females, which leads to an increased risk of various psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and eating disorders.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to find the association between body image and self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in undergraduate female medical students.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on female undergraduate (MBBS) students after permission from the institute ethics committee. Informed written consent was taken from all participants. A total of 184 students participated in the study, but only 164 were included, as 20 students had incomplete forms. Body image was assessed using a Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ), self-esteem was assessed using a Rosenberg’s self-esteem questionnaire, whereas anxiety and depression were assessed by a clinician using Hamilton’s Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton’s Depression Rating Scale.

Results:
We found that 35% of female students had low self-esteem. 27.4% of them had anxiety and 19.5% suffered from depression. The majority of 4th-year students had a low body image, followed by 1st-year students. Students with low self-esteem had a poorer body image, as suggested by a higher BIQ score (61.34 ± 4.22). Similarly, students with severe anxiety and severe depression had a higher BIQ score and a poorer body image compared to those with moderate and mild anxiety and depression. All these findings were statistically significant (P < 0.05). On applying multiple regression analysis, body image was found to be significantly associated (P < 0.05) with self-esteem and depression.

Conclusion:
Students with poor body image had lower self-esteem and a significant level of anxiety and depression.
Sociodemographic profiles and diagnostic patterns of prisoners admitted to a tertiary care psychiatric hospital
Authors: Viquar Uzma , Gupta P. C. B. , Keeta Rajeevi 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Most of the studies were performed on patients staying in prisons. This study is conducted on prisoners admitted to a psychiatric hospital. This study attempts to understand the interwoven multiple and complex problems.

Aim:
This study aims to study the sociodemographic profiles and diagnostic patterns of prisoners admitted to a tertiary care psychiatric hospital.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining institutional ethics committee approval, intake pro forma was obtained from convenient sample of 50 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria. The diagnosis was done based on the International Classification of Diseases 10; the International Personality Disorder Examination Scale was applied for personality assessment.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional study in a hospital setting.

Statistical Analysis:
The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version v 27.0.

Results:
The majority of the subjects were aged between 26 and 35 years and were married; major proportion were illiterate and unemployed. The most common complaints were sleep disturbances followed by hearing of voices. A history of substance use in the family was observed in a vast proportion of the cases. Family history of psychiatric illness and childhood history of bullying, lying, stealing, and truancy were found in many prisoners. The most common diagnosis was found to be schizophrenia.

Conclusions:
Most of the prisoners directed to the psychiatric hospital were young adults in their most productive age, and their psychiatric morbidity is a result of multiple factors. They need to be timely screened and followed up regularly in psychiatric settings.
Stepping up Efforts in Preventing Maternal Deaths Due to Post-partum Hemorrhage in Nepal: A Critical Review of National Medical Standards
Authors: Jha Rajshree 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Post partum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death globally, as well as in Nepal according to recent Maternal Mortality study 2022. National Medical Standards serve as a country specific reference document for essential clinical materials and tools, that support patient care and service provision. It has been periodically updated to keep up with the latest international medical evidence, keeping in view of the changing international, regional and national legislative and policy and evidence. While the new edition is user friendly and has included secondary postpartum hemorrhage first time, there are few gaps that exist. This commentary, focus is on the Nepal Medical Standards (NMS) more specifically a review of the NMS pertaining to PPH and point out some of the missing opportunities: during antenatal, intra natal and postpartum period. Ensuring optimal health of pregnant women, prevention of anemia, quality monitoring during labor, primary prevention, along with early recognition and timely management are crucial areas that need special focus. A supplementary standard focused on postpartum hemorrhage with relevant professional organizations could address these missing opportunities towards combating PPH in Nepal.

Key words: postpartum hemorrhage, Nepal Medical Standards, missing opportunities
APLIKASI KAMUS BAHASA DAERAH DENGAN ALGORITMA LEVENSHTEIN DISTANCE BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Thariq Ahmad 
Published: December 2024

Maluku mempunyai beberapa bahasa daerah, salah satunya adalah bahasa asilulu. Dimana penggunaan bahasa asilulu dalam komunikasi sehari-hari mengalami penurunan dikarenakan banyak masyarakat yang lebih mengutamakan bahasa gaul. Pelestarian bahasa daerah sangatlah penting mengingat kemajuan teknologi yang semakin pesat saat ini. Oleh karena itu, perlunya membuat sebuah aplikasi yang dapat memenuhi keinginan setiap pengguna akan pengganti buku yang bersifat portabel yang bisa pakai kapan saja dan di mana saja. Media aplikasi kamus dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengenalkan bahasa asilulu kepada masyarakat luas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah membuat aplikasi kamus untuk mempermudah proses pembelajaran bahasa daerah asilulu dan membantu mereka dalam menemukan kosa kata dalam bahasa Indonesia – asilulu secara efektif dan efisien. Selain itu, kesalahan ejaan kata sering terjadi pada perangkat lunak kamus bahasa, yang dapat menyulitkan kita dalam pencarian informasi solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan menggunakan algoritma levenshtein distance agar mempermudah dalam pencarian kata pada aplikasi kamus bahasa. Metode levenshtein distance adalah metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sedangkan untuk pengembangan perangkat lunaknya menggunakan model waterfall. Aplikasi ini dibuat dengan menggunakan mysql sebagai database, untuk tools menggunakan android studio dan bahasa pemrogramannya menggunakan java. Pengujian levenshtein distance pada aplikasi ini dapat meningkatkan pencarian kata kunci untuk istilah yang salah dalam penulisan di dalam pengujiannya aplikasi ini dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Hasil dari aplikasi ini dapat menjadi media yang bermanfaat untuk pembelajaran, pelestarian dan pengembangan bahasa daerah asilulu untuk tetap dilestarikan sebagai kekayaan bahasa.
PEMILIHAN BAHAN PUPUK ORGANIK UNGGULAN DALAM SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT
Authors: Heroe Santoso  , Raisul Azhar  , Suriyati Suriyati , Melati Rosanensi  , I Made Yadi Dharma  , Husain Husain , Fathurrahman Fathurrahman 
Published: December 2024

Pupuk organik adalah jenis pupuk yang berasal dari bahan-bahan alami yang mengandung bahan organik, seperti bahan tumbuhan, hewan, atau limbah organik lainnya. Pupuk organik secara alami mengandung nutrisi esensial bagi tanaman, seperti nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, mikronutrien, dan bahan organik yang bermanfaat. Pupuk organik telah mengalami perkembangan yang signifikan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya pertanian berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan telah mendorong penggunaan dan pengembangan pupuk organik. Sementara itu, pupuk organik dapat diproduksi melalui proses pengomposan, fermentasi, atau dekomposisi bahan organik. Untuk dapat menghasilkan produk pupuk yang unggul dan berkualitas tentunya memilih bahan produk yang unggul atau berkualitas. Sumber bahan organik dapat berupa kohe kambing, effective microorganism 4 (EM4), limbah daun bamboo, limbah kotoran ayam, sekam bakar, cocopeat, serabut kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem pendukung keputusan dengan menggunakan metode weighted product (WP). WP adalah keputusan analisis multi-kriteria yang populer dan merupakan metode pengambilan keputusan multi-kriteria. Pemilihan metode weighted product (wp) didasarkan juga atas kemampuannya dalam memberikan solusi optimal dalam sistem pemeringkatan. Pemilihan metode ini juga didasarkan atas kompleksitas komputasi yang tidak terlalu sulit sehingga waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam menghasilkan perhitungan relatif singkat.