bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus in the Skin of the Pangolin: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission?
Authors: Deng Siwei , Tian Xuechen , Belshaw Robert , Zhou Jinfeng , Zhang Siyuan , Yang Yixin , Huang Chang , Chen Weikang , Qiu Hailu , Choo Siew Woh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has become a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dermatologic manifestations are not uncommon in COVID-19 patients and the virus has been reported within some. However, the role of the virus and the host response in these cutaneous manifestations remain poorly studied. The pangolin coronavirus (pCoV) is a model for studying SARS-CoV-2 because of its genetic relatedness and similarity of disease characteristics. Here we report the presence of pCoV in pangolin skin manifestations and present an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional response to the infection. COVID-19-related pathways were up-regulated, but interferon epsilon (IFNE)-related pathways were not differentially regulated (consistent with the pseudogenisation of IFNE and IFIH1 in the pangolin). Endogenous retroviral genes tended to be down-regulated, indicating their importance in CoV infection. We believe our study provides further support for a potentially overlooked percutaneous transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Improvement of phosphorus release from sludge by combined electrochemical-EDTA treatment
Authors: Xu Yunfeng , Hu Fanglu , Wang Xin , Qu Yangwei , Xu Lu , Liu Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, combined with the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), the electrochemical treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) was investigated to explore its effect on the release of phosphorus (P) from WAS. The results showed that during the electrochemical treatment, the addition of EDTA could significantly promote the release of P from the WAS to the supernatant, the optimal amount of EDTA was 0.4 g/g total suspended solids (TSS), when the release of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), organic phosphorus (OP) and molybdate reactive phosphorus (PO43−-P) were 187.30, 173.84 and 13.46 mg/L, respectively. OP was the most likely form of P to be released during this process. Moreover, combined electrochemical-EDTA treatment could promote the release of P and metal ions from extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) to the supernatant, and increase the solubility and disintegration of sludge. EDTA chelated the metal ions of sludge flocs and phosphate precipitates to cause sludge floc decomposition, thereby promoting the release of P from WAS.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Pyruvate Kinase
(PK) Inhibitors and their Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Jia Jingjing , Luo Yang , Zhong Xue , He Ling 
Published: March 2021

:
Resistance to antibiotics has existed in the health care and community settings.
Thus, developing novel antibiotics is urgent. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) pyruvate kinase (PK) is crucial for the survival of bacteria, making it a
novel antimicrobial target. In the past decade, the most commonly reported PK inhibitors
include indole, flavonoid, phenazine derivatives from natural products’ small molecules
or their analogs, or virtual screening from small molecule compound library. This review
covers the PK inhibitors and their antimicrobial activities reported from the beginning of
2011 through mid-2020. The Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) were discussed
briefly as well.
Functional Properties of Kefiran in the Medical Field and Food Industry
Authors: Salari Afsaneh , Hashemi Mohammad , Afshari Asma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Kefir is produced through the fermentation of milk using kefir grain as a starter culture. Kefir
grains include heterogeneous microorganisms embedded in a polysaccharide matrix called kefiran which
is considered a biofilm; it also has many uses due to its therapeutic values. Kefiran is a microbial exopolysaccharide
(EPS) obtained from the flora (acid-lactic bacteria and yeasts) of kefir grains and glucose
units, in almost the same proportion. Kefiran has prebiotic nature agitating the growth of probiotics
in the gastrointestinal tract of the human entity. It extends certain therapeutic benefits by balancing the
microbiota in the intestine. This review presents the most recent advances regarding kefir and kefiran,
their cultural condition, biological activities, and potential applications in the health and food industries.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in the West of
Iran
Authors: Khazaei Salman , Bashirian Saeid , Bathaei Akram , Sadri Mohadese , Shirani Fateme , Jenabi Ensiyeh 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Adolescent pregnancy, pregnancy in women aged between 13-19 years, is considered a major health problem.

Objective:
This study was performed to determine the maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies.

Materials and Methods:
The present hospital-based case-control study was performed on pregnant women who were referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan City for delivery. The case group was pregnant women whose gestational age was less than 19 years (adolescent pregnancy) and the control group included pregnant women whose gestational age was at 19-35 years (adult women pregnancy). Data were analyzed using Stata software version 14. The significant level was considered less than 0.05.

Results:
The unwanted pregnancy was significantly higher in adolescent women (45% vs. 28.5%, P=0.002). 18% of adolescent women had the experience of spouse violence compared to 4.25% in the control group (P<0.001). Accessing prenatal care and supplements were significantly higher in adult women (P<0.05). The adult mothers had significantly higher cesarean section delivery compared adolescent group (54.91% vs. 33%, P<0.001). Also, there was a significant association between postpartum hemorrhages and the study group (22% in cases compared to 13.75% in the control group, P=0.04). The Apgar score 1 minute was significantly higher in adult mothers (8.05±2.08 vs. 7.39±2.05, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, adolescent mothers in the west of Iran had a higher risk of inadequate prenatal care, low Apgar score and postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, society should focus on public health policies that can improve the adequacy of prenatal care among adolescents.
A Review of Anti-Cancer and Related Properties of Lichen-Extracts and Metabolites
Authors: Upadhyay Santosh K. , Tripathi Ankita H. , Negi Nidhi , Gahtori Rekha , Kumari Amrita , Joshi Penny , Tewari Lalit M. , Joshi Yogesh , Bajpai Rajesh , Upreti Dalip K. 
Published: March 2021

Background:Lichens are a composite consortium of a fungus and an alga. The symbiotic organisms are naturally equipped with distinct characteristics as compared to constituting organisms separately. Lichens, due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology, are the reservoir of more than 600 unique secondary metabolites, also known as ‘lichen substances’. Since ancient times, many ethnic groups from various parts of the world have known about the applications of lichens as major provenance of food/fodder, medicine, dyes, spices, perfumes, etc. Lichen substances have shown impressive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-tumor, and antiinflammatory activities under experimental conditions. Usnic acid, a well-known metabolite found in several species of lichens, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has significant antiproliferative potential, as revealed through testing in different cancer cell lines. Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Norstictic acid, Lobaric acid, Stictic acid, Ramalin, Gyrophoric acid, Salazinic acid, Protolichesterinic, and Fumarprotocetraric acid are some of the other purified lichen-metabolites with potent anti-cancer activities.Objective:This study presents an overview of lichen-derived extracts and compounds showing anti-cancer (or related) properties.Method:The review comprehends different studies (in vivo and in vitro) backing up the possibility of lichenextracts and metabolites towards their use as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) -inhibiting agents.Results:Various studies carried out to date show that lichen-extracts and metabolites have a range of anti-cancer and related properties that include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and the potential of inhibition of cancer-associated EMT that is responsible for drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells in a substantial proportion of cases.Conclusion:Lichens are the repertoire of a plethora of lichen-metabolites with significant anti-cancer potential. However, some of the critical ‘anti-cancer related’ properties, such as the ability of EMT-inhibition and the potential of induction of apoptosis, are relatively less studied for several lichen compounds. Additionally, many lichen compounds need to be purified at a larger scale to explore their anti-cancer potential.
Stochastic Economic Load Dispatch Under Supply and Load Uncertainty - A Case Study on Modified IEEE 5 BUS Power System
Authors: Nath Anik , Mohammad Nur 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In the contemporary world, the use of energy, especially electrical energy,
is increasing rapidly. Without this power, modern civilized life cannot think for a moment. Thereby
a huge amount of electrical energy is needed. We have to generate a considerable amount of electricity
to meet the growing demand maintaining necessary conditions and constraints. A rapid divergent
strategy called Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) has been introduced to distribute generated
energy economically during times of crisis. The problem of economic load dispatch is solved with
the help of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) formation. The OPF is a primary tool related to the optimum
generation schedule available in an interconnected power system to reduce production costs subject
to the limitations and constraints of the relevant system. The static economic dispatch optimizes
over single dispatch intervals, which is called “ED static”. Due to high load variability and uncertainty,
the ED-static is not working properly. Thereby a deterministic look-ahead dispatch is established,
which takes care of the increasing renewable penetration. To take decisions against uncertainty,
stochastic load dispatch is required. In this research paper, an economic study of the modified
IEEE 5 bus power system will be presented. Moreover, some intelligent changes to this system will
include the goal of reducing costs, including maximum power supply. The optimal power flow of
the modified IEEE 5 bus system considering plausible scenario will represent based on stochastic
load dispatch optimization model.

Methods:
The extension version of Economic load dispatch where load flow equations are applied,
and as a system of supply-demand balance constraints is called optimal power flow. To solve the
optimal power flow Lagrangian method is used. Karusk-Khun-Tucker (KKT) conditions are applied
to solving the Lagrangian method.

Results:
The results show that during uncertainty and stochastic loads, the storage system with renewable
power and generator is suitable for cost reduction with maximum supply.

Conclusion:
The results further show that for any type of loads, such as fixed load and stochastic
load in IEEE 5Bus system, if both renewable energies, such as wind power, solar power, the storage
devices are used in the generation system, which ensures maximum power supply with the cost is
reduced.
Animal models for inducing inflammatory bowel diseases: integrative review
Authors: Melo Nadja Maria da Costa , Almeida Marília Virgo Silva , Campos Daniel Melo de Oliveira , Oliveira Claudio Bruno Silva de , Oliveira Jonas Ivan Nobre 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To identify and describe comparatively the chemical models of the induction of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in rodents most used and that best mimic the pathogenesis in humans. Methods: Based on an integrative review in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases, it was investigated which experimental induction models were most cited in articles published from 2004 to 2020, with the descriptors "Colitis/CI", "Colitis model ulcerative" and "Intestinal inflammation model." All empirical articles that addressed one or more inflammation models in rats or mice were included. Results: 239 articles were identified; of these, only ten empirical articles were selected. The most used models were colitis induced by TNBS acid, DSS, and colitis induced by acetic acid (AA). Conclusion: It was possible to identify the most used models to promote the induction of intestinal inflammation in rats, and both models proved to be effective according to the limitations observed in the models described, suggesting the need for new works that use more well-defined protocols and that more fully represent the pathophysiological complexity of the disease.
¿Cómo se puede evaluar la acción de la Naciones Unidas después de 75 años de existencia?
Authors: Chemillier-Gendreau Monique 
Published: March 2021

<p>En el marco de la conmemoración de los 75 años de la existencia de las Naciones Unidas, la autora como jurista internacional hace un análisis crítico, sobre el aporte real de las Naciones Unidas. Si bien se han permitido intercambios de opiniones entre todos los Estados Miembros, muchas Instituciones del sistema de las Naciones Unidas tratan de cierta manera de compensar los efectos negativos de las políticas económicas mundiales. De igual manera temas como el mantenimiento de la paz, ha sido un fracaso. Los miembros permanentes del Consejo de seguridad han monopolizado el mecanismo para garantizar sus intereses nacionales. Las Naciones Unidas siguen siendo prescindibles impidiendo el pensamiento de otra organización del mundo más protectora de la seguridad de los pueblos.</p>
Diritto ad una vita libera e dignitosa e contrasto alla povertà. Basi costituzionali e recenti sviluppi normativi nell’ordinamento italiano
Authors: Casamassima Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

En el artículo se hace un extenso analisis sobre el princio <em>ius existentiae</em>, en el marco constitucional de Italia, princio encaminado a la promoción del pleno desarrollo de la persona, y con ello el respeto a su dignidad en el marco juridico constitucional. El autor da un panorama del funcionamiento del sistema de bienestar italiano, en especial lo que se refiere a los programas de lucha contra la pobreza. Pero en particular la influencia de la <em>Reddito di cittadinanza</em>, en su relación con el precepto de "condicionalidad", principio fundamental de funcionamiento en el contexto de las formas diseñadas para la reinserción laboral y / o la inclusión social.
Editorial
Authors: Miller Chris 
Published: March 2021

It should not be overlooked the impact of food on multiple pathways leading to and worsening psoriasis. We're beginning to gather evidence that a diet high in micronutrients, low in calories, protein adequate, gluten-free, plant-based whole food, and anti-inflammatory has healing powers for psoriasis. The suffering and stigma with psoriasis alone, not to mention the inflammation-related comorbidiities such as obesity, heart disease, and metabolic syndrome, and the toxic side effects of the lifelong medications make this treatment plan absolutely essential for those suffering with this codition. Patients should be taught this option, given tips to make it work for them, and given the opportunity for a disease-free life.
Vegans Report Less Bothersome Sexual Symptoms in Perimenopause and Menopause
Authors: Radnitz Cynthia , Beezhold Bonnie , McGrath Robert , Todd Lauren 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES: To determine if diet choice (vegan vs. omnivore) and specific food consumption are associated with sexual menopausal symptoms and sexual behavior frequency.
STUDY DESIGN: In a cross-sectional design, women aged 45 to 80 completed an online survey.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was the sexual symptoms subscale of the Menopause Quality of Life Questionnaire. Additionally, 2 sexual frequency variables (masturbation and intercourse) were based on responses to the Menopause Health Questionnaire.
RESULTS: Correlations performed on 277 omnivores and 195 vegans in peri- or postmenopause showed that meat, fish, poultry intakes and dairy intake were positively associated with sexual symptom scores while vegetable and high omega-3 plant food intakes were negatively associated with sexual symptom scores. For those with completedata (n= 429)—87 women in perimenopause and 342 in postmenopause—general linear modeling was conducted with age, exercise level, age at menopause, use of hormone replacement therapy, and presence of sex organs as covariates. ere was a significant main effect of diet, with vegans reporting less bothersome sexual symptoms than omnivores, and a significant interaction of diet and menopausal status, with the difference between vegans and omnivores greater in peri- than postmenopausal women. When specific food groups were entered into the second and third steps, vegetable intake and cruciferous vegetable consumption were associated with less severe sexual menopausal symptoms. Diet type was not significantly related to sexual behavior frequency.
CONCLUSIONS: Greater plant food and reduced animal food consumption is linked to less severe sexual changes in menopause.
A Conversational Literature Review: Is That Egg on Your Face, or Is the Yolk on You? An Email Trail of Trials
Authors: Williams Kim 
Published: March 2021

We have grown to appreciate the diverse views of the cardiovascular (CV) nutrition community. The robust discussions, energy behind initiatives and ability to formulate key publications to educate the CV community in a timely fashion over the past 4 years are unfathomable. But occasionally, there is a significant amount of controversy, particularly when opinion collides with publications, and publications become divisive when some see merits where others see limitations.
Reforming Local Self-Government: The Experience of the Baltic States and its Significance for Russia
Authors: Shamakhov V. A. , Kuznetsov S. V. , Mezhevich N. M. 
Published: March 2021

The article examines the experience of the Baltic States in reforming local self-government, the main problems typical for particular level of governing. The article substantiates the usefulness and applicability of the experience of the Baltic States in reforming the Russian system of local government, and suggests ways to solve the main problem — the discrepancy between the authorities of local self-government bodies and their financial capabilities.
Inovação e Sustentabilidade em uma Empresa de Segmento de Frutas do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Franklin Marcos Antonio , Popadiuk Silvio , Cosentino Hélio Morrone , Baptista Ronny Martins 
Published: March 2021

Objetivo do estudo: foi identificar e caracterizar as ações inovadoras e sustentáveis que ocorrem em uma empresa paulista do segmento de frutas. O estudo foi realizado no Grupo Fava, empresa de médio porte, familiar e brasileira situada nos municípios de Jundiaí e Miracatu no Estado de São Paulo.Metodologia/abordagem: a pesquisa foi exploratória com emprego do método qualitativo. Na coleta dos dados utilizou-se as técnicas de entrevistas e análise documental. Foram realizadas 16 entrevistas, na sede da empresa em Jundiaí e na unidade produtiva em Miracatu, em São Paulo. As análises foram realizadas com base na abordagem de Flores (1994).Originalidade/Relevância (obrigatório): observou-se mediante a análise detalhada, verificar como a inovação e a sustentabilidade, apresentaram relações de interdependência nas ações desses construtos na empresa pesquisada. Quanto à sua relevância, está em sua aplicação.Principais resultados: verificou-se que a empresa apresenta ações referentes à inovação em seu processo produtivo e a sustentabilidade nas três dimensões, isto é, os sistemas ecológicos, sociais e econômicos, definidos como triple bottom line.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas (obrigatório): as contribuições desta pesquisa, foram na associação dos construtos que compõem a base teórica envolvida sendo utilizadas e aplicadas na realidade estudada e, na interpretação e análise dos dados, por meio das categorias e metacategorias, resultando no sistema proposto por Flores (1994).Contribuições sociais / para a gestão (opcional): as implementaçãoes das práticas inovativas e sustentáveis, são alavancadas pelo seu fundador desde o inicio das operações do Grupo, tornando-as um diferencial competitivo.
Behavioral health and sleep problems among US Army veterinarians and veterinary technicians participating in the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Rivera Anna C. , Geronimo-Hara Toni Rose , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Penix Elizabeth A. , Phillips Christopher J. , Faix Dennis J. , Rull Rudolph P. , Whitmer Deborah L. , Adler Amy B. , Adler Amy B. , _ _ 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalences and relative odds of mental health problems, suicidal ideation, psychotropic medication use, problem drinking, trouble sleeping, and lack of social support among veterinarians and veterinary technicians, compared with other medical professionals, in the US Army.

SAMPLE
7,744 US Army personnel (957 officers [101 veterinarians and 856 physicians and dentists] and 6,787 enlisted personnel [334 veterinary technicians and 6,453 medics]) participating in the Millennium Cohort Study.

PROCEDURES
Eligible participants completed ≥ 1 survey while serving as an Army veterinarian, veterinary technician, physician, general dentist, or medic. Analysis methods including multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates and stratified by pay grade were used to investigate associations between each health-care occupation and outcomes of interest.

RESULTS
Veterinarians had higher reported prevalences of mental health problems, trouble sleeping, and lack of social support than did nontrauma physicians, trauma physicians, or dentists. On multivariable analysis, veterinarians had higher odds of mental health problems, trouble sleeping, and lack of social support, compared with physicians and dentists combined; odds for these outcomes were also higher for veterinarians, compared with various individual reference groups. Veterinary technicians had lower reported prevalence and lower odds of psychotropic medication use, compared with medics.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Further examination of Army policies and organizational structures related to veterinarians may be warranted, along with the development of policies and interventions designed to improve mental health, sleep quality, and social support among military veterinarians.
Communication Strategy Planning Of Majelis Taklim In Implementation Recitation Program
Authors: Idawati Idawati , Handayani Benni 
Published: March 2021

Majelis Taklim is a Non-Formal Islamic Education Society, as a forum for connecting silaturrahim, intensify ukhuwah Islamiyah, increasing faith and devotion to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala , and popularize Islamic Da'wah. The purpose of this study is to find out how the Majelis Taklim’s efforts in improving recitation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method in which the writer describes the efforts of the Majelis Taklim in increasing recitation through interview techniques to woman as a member of Majelis Taklim with a population of 40 person. The sampling technique that using is total sampling techniques.