bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formas sociais e luta de classes
Authors: Vasconcelos Jonnas 
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem por tema umas das mais importantes e atuais questões no interior do marxismo: a relação entre formas sociais e luta de classes. De maneira particular, o objetivo consiste em circunscrever os termos dessa relação em uma dupla dimensão: a metodológica e a das práticas políticas. Ao apresentar o deslocamento metodológico operado por Marx nos seus estudos da maturidade, busca-se demonstrar os seus desdobramentos nas análises sobre o direito e o Estado. Esse deslocamento, ainda, acaba por reposicionar em novos termos o entendimento sobre o alcance das práticas políticas no capitalismo.
“Diálogos” entre Lukács e Pachukanis sobre a crítica ao Direito
Authors: Sartori Vitor 
Published: December 2021

Pretendemos trazer Ã tona a possibilidade de abordar conjuntamente autores díspares como Lukács e Pachukanis. Para tanto, procuraremos mostrar que, na análise do Direito de cada um destes autores, há convergências temáticas que, ao mesmo tempo, colocam-se como pontos de dissonância; isto se mostra, sobretudo, ao se tratar da relação entre Direito e capitalismo, da forma jurídica, da extinção do Direito e da questão da transição ao socialismo. Sobre todos estes temas, é possível buscar uma espécie de embate entre as posições dos autores aqui tratados para, então, desenvolver com mais cuidado, e com fôlego, uma crítica ao Direito.
Winning the NIST Contest: A scalable and general approach to differentially private synthetic data
Authors: McKenna Ryan , Miklau Gerome , Sheldon Daniel 
Published: December 2021

We propose a general approach for differentially private synthetic data generation, that consists of three steps: (1) select a collection of low-dimensional marginals, (2) measure those marginals with a noise addition mechanism, and (3) generate synthetic data that preserves the measured marginals well. Central to this approach is Private-PGM, a post-processing method that is used to estimate a high-dimensional data distribution from noisy measurements of its marginals. We present two mechanisms, NIST-MST and MST, that are instances of this general approach. NIST-MST was the winning mechanism in the 2018 NIST differential privacy synthetic data competition, and MST is a new mechanism that can work in more general settings, while still performing comparably to NIST-MST. We believe our general approach should be of broad interest, and can be adopted in future mechanisms for synthetic data generation.
A STUDY OF POST COVID EFFECTS ON PRIVATE COLLEGES: A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COLLEGE FACULTY MEMBERS IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI CITY
Authors: G Balamurugan , R Senthoorya 
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 impact was everywhere, which resulted in the closure of Schools and other educational institutions. Work life balance and stress are the main players in this situation, they are studied and analyzed precisely to understand the difficulties of the faculty members. When there is a imbalance in work-life balance, it will affect the satisfaction level of both personal and professional life, then it will cause low productivity and increase stress. Due to the pandemic, work from home method was implemented for many professions. By comparing IT sector work from home jobs, teaching profession has much difficulties. Educational institutions have the important responsibility to develop the nation by developing the students. Except educational sector other sectors have some period of time to operate their functions, but education sector should be sustainable in any situation to assure and secure the future of the nation. Initially, most governments have decided to temporarily close the educational institutions to reduce the impact of Covid-19. Later it was reopened, which increased the number of infection rates and then closed again. This study was conducted to analyze the impacts faced by the private college faculty members in Tiruchirappalli district after the pandemic surge. By conducting this study, 140 responses were collected and analyzed using F test statistical tool.
STRUKTUR PASAR DAN DAYA SAING KARET ALAM INDONESIA DI AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Sembiring Birka Septy , Syaukat Yusman , Hastuti  
Published: December 2021

Abstrak
Karet alam Indonesia berperan penting dalam meningkatkan perekonomian nasional melalui ekspor karet alam ke berbagai negara, termasuk ke Amerika Serikat. Dalam upaya mengembangkan ekspor karet alamnya, Indonesia perlu melakukan kalkulasi posisi dan daya saing karet alam di antara negara-negara pesaing serta peluang pasarnya ke Amerika Serikat yang memiliki permintaan impor relatif tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis struktur pasar, serta keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif karet alam Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat. Analisis dilakukan selama periode tahun 2008-2019 menggunakan metode Herfindahl Index (HI), Concentration Ratio (CR4), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan Diamond’s Porter. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa struktur pasar karet alam Indonesia cenderung oligopoli. Dibandingkan dengan negara-negara eksportir lainnya, karet alam Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di pasar Amerika Serikat. Keunggulan kompetitif karet alam Indonesia di Amerika Serikat mengalami penurunan dari posisi lost opportunity pada periode pertama (2008-2011) menjadi retreat pada periode ketiga (2016-2019). Hasil dari Diamond’s Porter menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh faktor keunggulan kompetitif dan tiga faktor kelemahan dalam industri karet alam di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Concentration Ratio, Diamond’s Porter, EPD, Herfindahl Index, RCA
Abstract
Indonesian natural rubber plays a significant role in improving the national economy through exports of natural rubber to various countries, including the United States. In an effort to develop its natural rubber exports, Indonesia needs to calculate the position and competitiveness of natural rubber among competing countries and its market opportunities to the United States, which has a relatively high import demand. The purpose of this study is to analyze the market structure, as well as the comparative and competitive advantages of Indonesian natural rubber in the United States market. The analysis was carried out during the period 2008-2019 using the methods Herfindahl Index (HI), Concentration Ratio (CR4), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and Diamond's Porter. The results of the analysis show that the structure of the Indonesian natural rubber market tends to be an oligopoly. Compared to other exporting countries, Indonesian natural rubber has a comparative advantage in the United States market. The competitiveness of Indonesian natural rubber in the US decline over time from the lost opportunity position in the first period (2008-2011) to retreat in the third period (2016-2019). The Diamond's Porter results show that there are seven competitive advantage factors and three weakness factors in Indonesia's natural rubber industry.
Keywords: Concentration Ratio, Diamond’s Porter, EPD, Herfindahl Index, RCA
JEL Classification: F13, F15, F18
Le vécu de l’interruption médicale de grossesse par les sages-femmes : étude quantitative et qualitative
Authors: Magnier A. , Wendland J. 
Published: December 2021

Objectifs : Les bouleversements que le deuil périnatal impose ne sont pas sans conséquences sur les parents, mais également sur les équipes qui y sont confrontées. Les sages-femmes doivent faire face aux différents enjeux et difficultés que suppose l’interruption médicale de grossesse (IMG). Cette recherche vise à investiguer les liens entre le niveau d’anxiété, le nombre d’années d’exercice professionnel et le vécu des sages-femmes associé à la prise en charge de l’IMG.
Méthode : Dans le premier volet, 238 sages-femmes ont rempli un autoquestionnaire de 20 questions concernant la formation reçue, leur pratique professionnelle et leur besoin de soutien. Dans le second volet, dix sages-femmes ont pris part à un entretien téléphonique investiguant leur vécu au cours de ces prises en charge. L’ensemble des professionnelles ont rempli l’inventaire d’anxiété situationnelle (IASTAY, Gauthier & Bouchard, 1993).
Résultats : La majorité des sages-femmes présentent un score d’anxiété supérieur à la moyenne de la population générale à l’idée de prendre en charge une IMG. Ce score est négativement corrélé à leur nombre d’années d’expérience. Les professionnelles mentionnent également des difficultés lors de la pratique de l’IMG aussi bien au niveau professionnel que personnel, bien qu’elles témoignent d’un soutien jugé fort et précieux entre collègues. Enfin, elles évoquent le besoin d’être mieux formées et accompagnées dans cette pratique.
Conclusion : Cette étude souligne l’importance que les sages-femmes soient mieux soutenues et formées à la prise en charge de l’IMG, ce qui pourrait les aider à aborder un tel acte de façon plus sereine à un niveau personnel et à soutenir au mieux le couple endeuillé.
Vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms: microsurgical management in 42 patients
Authors: Frisoli Fabio A. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Catapano Joshua S. , Rudy Robert F. , Nguyen Candice L. , Jonzzon Soren , Korson Clayton , Karahalios Katherine , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Vertebrobasilar dissecting (VBD) aneurysms are rare, and patients with these aneurysms often present with thromboembolic infarcts or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The morphological nature of VBD aneurysms often precludes conventional clip reconstruction or coil placement and encourages parent artery exclusion or endovascular stenting. Treatment considerations include aneurysm location along the vertebral artery (VA), the involvement of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and collateral blood flow. Outcomes after endovascular treatment have been well described in the neurosurgical literature, but microsurgical outcomes have not been detailed. Patient outcomes from a large, single-surgeon, consecutive series of microsurgically managed VBD aneurysms are presented, and 3 illustrative case examples are provided.

METHODS
The medical records of patients with dissecting aneurysms affecting the intracranial VA (V4), basilar artery, and PICA that were treated microsurgically over a 19-year period were reviewed. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, surgical procedures, and clinical outcomes (according to modified Rankin Scale [mRS] scores at last follow-up) were analyzed.

RESULTS
Forty-two patients with 42 VBD aneurysms were identified. Twenty-six aneurysms (62%) involved the PICA, 14 (33%) were distinct from the PICA origin on the V4 segment of the VA, and 2 (5%) were located at the vertebrobasilar junction. Thirty-four patients (81%) presented with SAH with a mean Hunt and Hess grade of 3.2 at presentation. Six (14%) of the 42 patients had been previously treated using endovascular techniques. Nineteen aneurysms (45%) underwent clip wrapping, 17 (40%) were treated with bypass trapping, and 6 (14%) underwent parent artery sacrifice. The complete aneurysm obliteration rate was 95% (n = 40), and the surgical complication rate was 7% (n = 3). The 8 patients with unruptured VBD aneurysms were significantly more likely to be discharged home (n = 6, 75%) compared with 34 patients with ruptured aneurysms (n = 9, 27%; p = 0.01). Good outcomes (mRS score ≤ 2) were observed in 20 patients (48%). Eight patients (19%) died.

CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that patients with VBD aneurysms often present after a rupture in poor neurological condition, but favorable results can be achieved with open microsurgical repair in almost half of such cases. Microsurgery remains a viable treatment option, with the choice between bypass trapping and clip wrapping largely dictated by the specific location of the aneurysm and its relationship to the PICA.
Personality Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease — Signature and Vascular Imaging Markers: A PET-MRI Study
Authors: Giannakopoulos Panteleimon , Rodriguez Cristelle , Montandon Marie-Louise , Garibotto Valentina , Haller Sven , Herrmann François R. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Several studies postulated that personality is an independent determinant of cognitive trajectories in old age. Objective: This study explores the impact of personality on widely used Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular imaging markers. Methods: We examined the association between personality and three classical AD imaging markers (centiloid-based-amyloid load, MRI volumetry in hippocampus, and media temporal lobe atrophy), and two vascular MRI parameters (Fazekas score and number of cortical microbleeds) assessed at baseline and upon a 54-month-follow-up. Personality was assessed with the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory-Revised. Regression models were used to identify predictors of imaging markers including sex, personality factors, presence of APOE ɛ4 allele and cognitive evolution over time. Results: Cortical GM volumes were negatively associated with higher levels of Conscientiousness both at baseline and follow-up. In contrast, higher scores of Openness were related to better preservation of left hippocampal volumes in these two time points and negatively associated with medial temporal atrophy at baseline. Amyloid load was not affected by personality factors. Cases with higher Extraversion scores displayed higher numbers of cortical microbleeds at baseline. Conclusion: Personality impact on brain morphometry is detected only in some among the routinely used imaging markers. The most robust associations concern the positive role of high levels of Conscientiousness and Openness on AD-signature MRI markers. Higher extraversion levels are associated with increased vulnerability to cortical microbleeds pointing to the fact that the socially favorable traits may have a detrimental effect on brain integrity in old age.
Hippocampus-Based Dynamic Functional Connectivity Mapping in the Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Jianlin , Wang Pan , Jiang Yuan , Wang Zedong , Zhang Hong , Li Hongyi , Biswal Bharat B. 
Published: December 2021

Background: The hippocampus with varying degrees of atrophy was a crucial neuroimaging feature resulting in the declining memory and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the abnormal dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) in both white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) from the left and right hippocampus remains unclear. Objective: To explore the abnormal DFC within WM and GM from the left and right hippocampus across the different stages of AD. Methods: Current study employed the OASIS-3 dataset including 43 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 71 pre-mild cognitive impairment (pre-MCI), and matched 87 normal cognitive (NC). Adopting the FMRIB’s Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool, we obtained the left and right hippocampus mask. Based on above hippocampus mask as seed point, we calculated the DFC between left/right hippocampus and all voxel time series within whole brain. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed to estimate the abnormal DFC among MCI, pre-MCI, and NC groups. Results: We found that MCI and pre-MCI groups showed the common abnormalities of DFC in the Temporal_Mid_L, Cingulum_Mid_L, and Thalamus_L. Specific abnormalities were found in the Cerebelum_9_L and Precuneus of MCI group and Vermis_8 and Caudate_L of pre-MCI group. In addition, we found that DFC within WM regions also showed the common low DFC for the Cerebellum anterior lobe-WM, Corpus callosum, and Frontal lobe-WM in MCI and pre-MCI group. Conclusion: Our findings provided a novel information for discover the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD and indicate WM lesions were also an important cause of cognitive decline in AD.
Droplet Degeneration of Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons Signifies the Beginning of Neuritic Plaque Formation
Authors: Streit Wolfgang J. , Rotter Jonas , Winter Karsten , Müller Wolf , Khoshbouei Habibeh , Bechmann Ingo 
Published: December 2021

Background: Neuritic plaques contain neural and microglial elements, and amyloid-β protein (Aβ), but their pathogenesis remains unknown. Objective: Elucidate neuritic plaque pathogenesis. Methods: Histochemical visualization of hyperphosphorylated-tau positive (p-tau+) structures, microglia, Aβ, and iron. Results: Disintegration of large projection neurons in human hippocampus and neocortex presents as droplet degeneration: pretangle neurons break up into spheres of numerous p-tau+ droplets of various sizes, which marks the beginning of neuritic plaques. These droplet spheres develop in the absence of colocalized Aβ deposits but once formed become encased in diffuse Aβ with great specificity. In contrast, neurofibrillary tangles often do not colocalize with Aβ. Double-labelling for p-tau and microglia showed a lack of microglial activation or phagocytosis of p-tau+ degeneration droplets but revealed massive upregulation of ferritin in microglia suggesting presence of high levels of free iron. Perl’s Prussian blue produced positive staining of microglia, droplet spheres, and Aβ plaque cores supporting the suggestion that droplet degeneration of pretangle neurons in the hippocampus and cortex represents ferroptosis, which is accompanied by the release of neuronal iron extracellularly. Conclusion: Age-related iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the CNS likely trigger at least two endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotective iron sequestration and chelation, microglial ferritin expression and Aβ deposition, respectively, both contributing to the formation of neuritic plaques. Since neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposits colocalize infrequently, tangle formation likely does not involve release of neuronal iron extracellularly. In human brain, targeted deposition of Aβ occurs specifically in response to ongoing ferroptotic droplet degeneration thereby producing neuritic plaques.
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease from Circulating Blood Leukocytes Using a Fluorescent Amyloid Probe
Authors: Black Stefanie A.G. , Stepanchuk Anastasiia A. , Templeton George W. , Hernandez Yda , Ota Tomoko , Roychoudhury Shyamosree , Smith Eric E. , Barber Philip A. , Ismail Zahinoor , Fischer Karyn , Zwiers Angela , Poulin Marc J. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Stys Peter K. , Tsutsui Shigeki 
Published: December 2021

Background: Toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides aggregate into higher molecular weight assemblies and accumulate not only in the extracellular space, but also in the walls of blood vessels in the brain, increasing their permeability, and promoting immune cell migration and activation. Given the prominent role of the immune system, phagocytic blood cells may contact pathological brain materials. Objective: To develop a novel method for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) detection, we used blood leukocytes, that could act as “sentinels” after trafficking through the brain microvasculature, to detect pathological amyloid by labelling with a conformationally-sensitive fluorescent amyloid probe and imaging with confocal spectral microscopy. Methods: Formalin-fixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cognitively healthy control (HC) subjects, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients were stained with the fluorescent amyloid probe K114, and imaged. Results were validated against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and clinical diagnosis. Results: K114-labeled leukocytes exhibited distinctive fluorescent spectral signatures in MCI/AD subjects. Comparing subjects with single CSF biomarker-positive AD/MCI to negative controls, our technique yielded modest AUCs, which improved to the 0.90 range when only MCI subjects were included in order to measure performance in an early disease state. Combining CSF Aβ42 and t-Tau metrics further improved the AUC to 0.93. Conclusion: Our method holds promise for sensitive detection of AD-related protein misfolding in circulating leukocytes, particularly in the early stages of disease.
Parkinson’s Disease Progression and Statins: Hydrophobicity Matters
Authors: Lewis Mechelle M. , Albertson Richard M. , Du Guangwei , Kong Lan , Foy Andrew , Huang Xuemei 
Published: December 2021

Background: Recent randomized clinical trials using hydrophobic statins reported no influence on Parkinson’s disease (PD) clinical progression. Hydrophobicity is a key determinant for blood-brain barrier penetrance. Objective: Investigate a potential effect of statins on PD progression. Methods: Statin use was determined at baseline and subtyped according to hydrophobicity in 125 PD patients participating in the PD Biomarker Program (PDBP, 2012–2015) at our site. Clinical ( N = 125) and susceptibility MRI ( N = 86) data were obtained at baseline and 18-months. Movement Disorders Society-Unified PD Rating Scales were used to track progression of non-motor (MDS-UPDRS-I) and motor (MDS-UPDRS-II) symptoms, and rater-based scores (MDS-UPDRS-III) of patients in the “on” drug state. R2* values were used to capture pathological progression in the substantia nigra. Associations between statin use, its subtypes, and PD progression were evaluated with linear mixed effect regressions. Results: Compared to statin non-users, overall statin or lipophilic statin use did not significantly influence PD clinical or imaging progression. Hydrophilic statin users, however, demonstrated faster clinical progression of non-motor symptoms [MDS-UPDRS-I (β= 4.8, p = 0.010)] and nigral R2* (β= 3.7, p = 0.043). A similar trend was found for MDS-UPDRS-II (β= 3.9, p = 0.10), but an opposite trend was observed for rater-based MDS-UPDRS-III (β= –7.3, p = 0.10). Compared to lipophilic statin users, hydrophilic statin users also showed significantly faster clinical progression of non-motor symptoms [MDS-UPDRS-I (β= 5.0, p = 0.020)], but R2* did not reach statistical significance (β= 2.5, p = 0.24). Conclusion: This study suggests that hydrophilic, but not lipophilic, statins may be associated with faster PD progression. Future studies may have clinical and scientific implications.
Cryopreservation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurospheres for Clinical Application
Authors: Hiramatsu Satoe , Morizane Asuka , Kikuchi Tetsuhiro , Doi Daisuke , Yoshida Kenji , Takahashi Jun 
Published: December 2021

Background: Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons are an expected source of cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease. The transplantation of cell aggregates or neurospheres, instead of a single cell suspension has several advantages, such as keeping the 3D structure of the donor cells and ease of handling. For this PSC-based therapy to become a widely available treatment, cryopreservation of the final product is critical in the manufacturing process. However, cryopreserving cell aggregates is more complicated than cryopreserving single cell suspensions. Previous studies showed poor survival of the DA neurons after the transplantation of cryopreserved fetal ventral-mesencephalic tissues. Objective: To achieve the cryopreservation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived DA neurospheres toward clinical application. Methods: We cryopreserved iPSC-derived DA neurospheres in various clinically applicable cryopreservation media and freezing protocols and assessed viability and neurite extension. We evaluated the population and neuronal function of cryopreserved cells by the selected method in vitro. We also injected the cells into 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats, and assessed their survival, maturation and function in vivo. Results: The iPSC-derived DA neurospheres cryopreserved by Proton Freezer in the cryopreservation medium Bambanker hRM (BBK) showed favorable viability after thawing and had equivalent expression of DA-specific markers, dopamine secretion, and electrophysiological activity as fresh spheres. When transplanted into 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, the cryopreserved cells survived and differentiated into mature DA neurons, resulting in improved abnormal rotational behavior. Conclusion: These results show that the combination of BBK and Proton Freezer is suitable for the cryopreservation of iPSC-derived DA neurospheres.