bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On graphs with no induced five‐vertex path or paraglider
Authors: Huang Shenwei , Karthick T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGiven two graphs and , a graph is ‐free if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to or . For a positive integer , is the chordless path on vertices. A paraglider is the graph that consists of a chorless cycle plus a vertex adjacent to three vertices of the . In this paper, we study the structure of (, paraglider)‐free graphs, and show that every such graph satisfies , where and are the chromatic number and clique number of , respectively. Our bound is attained by the complement of the Clebsch graph on 16 vertices. More strongly, we completely characterize all the (, paraglider)‐free graphs that satisfies . We also construct an infinite family of (, paraglider)‐free graphs such that every graph in the family has . This shows that our upper bound is optimal up to an additive constant and that there is no ‐approximation algorithm for the chromatic number of (, paraglider)‐free graphs for any .
LncRNA SNHG12 alleviates hypertensive vascular endothelial injury through miR-25-3p/SIRT6 pathway
Authors: Qian Wei , Zheng Ze-qi , Nie Jun-gang , Liu Li-juan , Meng Xiang-zhu , Sun Hong , Xiao Feng-ming , Kang Ting 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to find the role of LncRNA SNHG12 in the regulation of hypertensive vascular endothelial injury. LncRNA SNHG12 and miR-25-3p expression were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Protein levels of Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), endothelial cell (EC) senescence markers p16 and p21, and EC marker CD31 were measured by Western blot. The apoptosis of HUVECs was detected by flow cytometry. The binding between LncRNA SNHG12 and miR-25-3p was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down assay. As a result, LncRNA SNHG12 was down-regulated in aortic primary ECs isolated from Ang II-induced hypertensive mice and 1 kidney/deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt-induced hypertensive mice. In Ang II-treated HUVECs, the expression level of SNHG12 was reduced and the overexpression of SNHG12 inhibited EC senescence markers p16 and p21 expressions, the apoptosis of HUVECs, and caspase-3 activity. Further investigation confirmed that LncRNA SNHG12 bound to miR-25-3p, and negatively regulated miR-25-3p expression. MiR-25-3p directly targeted SIRT6 and negatively regulated SIRT6 expression. In addition, SNHG12 overexpression inhibited Ang II-induced HUVECs injury through regulating miR-25-3p. Finally, in vivo experiments showed LncRNA SNHG12 overexpression alleviated vascular endothelial injury in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. In conclusion, LncRNA SNHG12 alleviates vascular endothelial injury induced by hypertension through miR-25-3p/SIRT6 pathway.
Role of vitamin D in regulating COVID-19 severity—An immunological perspective
Authors: Kalia Vandana , Studzinski George P , Sarkar Surojit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVitamin D, a key nutrient/prohormone classically associated with skeletal health, is also an important immunomodulator, with pleotropic effects on innate and adaptive immune cells. Outcomes of several chronic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases are linked to vitamin D. Emergent correlations of vitamin D insufficiency with coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, alongside empirical and clinical evidence of immunoregulation by vitamin D in other pulmonary diseases, have prompted proposals of vitamin D supplementation to curb the COVID-19 public health toll. In this review paper, we engage an immunological lens to discuss potential mechanisms by which vitamin D signals might regulate respiratory disease severity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections, vis a vis other pulmonary infections. It is proposed that vitamin D signals temper lung inflammatory cascades during SARS-CoV2 infection, and insufficiency of vitamin D causes increased inflammatory cytokine storm, thus leading to exacerbated respiratory disease. Additionally, analogous to studies of reduced cancer incidence, the dosage of vitamin D compounds administered to patients near the upper limit of safety may serve to maximize immune health benefits and mitigate inflammation and disease severity in SARS-CoV2 infections. We further deliberate on the importance of statistically powered clinical correlative and interventional studies, and the need for in-depth basic research into vitamin D-dependent host determinants of respiratory disease severity.
HPLC–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry optimization by high‐performance design of experiments for astrocyte glutamine measurement
Authors: Bheemanapally Khaggeswar , Ibrahim Mostafa M.H. , Briski Karen P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe amino acid glutamine (Gln) is a likely source of energy in the brain during neuroglucopenia. Effects of glucose deficiency on astrocyte Gln homeostasis remain unclear, as analytical tools of requisite sensitivity for quantification of intracellular levels of this molecule are not currently available. Here, a primary hypothalamic astrocyte culture model was used in conjunction with design of experiments (DOE)‐refined high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS) methodology to investigate the hypothesis that glucoprivation alters astrocyte Gln content in a sex‐specific manner. Critical mass spectrometric parameters for Gln derivative chromatographic response were identified by comparing the performance of central composite design, Box–Behnken design, and Optimal Design (OD)‐A, ‐D, ‐I, ‐Distance, and ‐Modified Distance DOE models. The outcomes showed that the OD‐A‐generated response was superior relative to other design outcomes. Forecasted surface plot critical mass spectrometric parameters were maximized by OD‐A, OD‐Distance, and OD‐Modified Distance designs. OD‐A produced a high‐performance method that yielded experimental run and forecasted surface plot maximal responses. Optimized mass spectrometric analysis of male versus female astrocyte Gln content provides novel evidence that glucoprivation significantly depletes this amino acid in female, but not in male, and that this sex‐specific response may involve differential sensitivity to estrogen receptor signaling. This technological advance will facilitate efforts to ascertain how distinctive physiological and pathophysiological stimuli impact astrocyte Gln metabolism in each sex.
The effectiveness of active surveillance measures for COVID‐19 cases in Pudong New Area Shanghai, China, 2020
Authors: Liu Hanzhao , Ye Chuchu , Wang Yuanping , Zhu Weiping , Shen Yifeng , Xue Caoyi , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yanyan , Li Shihong , Zhao Bing , Xu Hongmei , Hao Lipeng , Zhou Yixin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to thoroughly document the effects of multiple intervention and control methods to mitigate the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. After identification of the first confirmed case of COVID‐19 in Pudong on January 21, 2020, the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched a case investigation involving isolation, close‐contact (CC) tracing and quarantine of persons with a potential exposure risk to prevent and control transmission. Epidemiological features of cases detected by three different strategies were compared to assess the impact of these active surveillance measures. As of February 16, 2020, a total of 108 confirmed COVID‐19 cases had been identified in Pudong, Shanghai. Forty‐five (41.67%) cases were identified through active surveillance measures, with 22 (20.37%) identified by CC tracing and 23 (21.30%) by quarantine of potential exposure populations (PEPs). The average interval from illness onset to the first medical visit was 1 day. Cases identified by CC tracing and PEPs were quarantined for 0.5 and 1 day before illness onset, respectively. The time intervals from illness onset to the first medical visit and isolation among actively screened cases were 2 days (p = .02) and 3 days (p = .00) shorter, respectively, than those among self‐admission cases. Our study highlights the importance of active surveillance for potential COVID‐19 cases, as demonstrated by shortened time intervals from illness onset to both the first medical visit and isolation. These measures contributed to the effective control of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Pudong, Shanghai.
Clinical validation of a second generation anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and IgM automated chemiluminescent immunoassay
Authors: Pieri Massimo , Nuccetelli Marzia , Nicolai Eleonora , Sarubbi Serena , Grelli Sandro , Bernardini Sergio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has proven to be extremely contagious and has spread rapidly all over the world. A key aspect in limiting the virus diffusion is to ensure early and accurate diagnosis. Serological assays could be an alternative in increasing testing capabilities, particularly when used as part of an algorithmic approach combined with molecular analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a second generation chemiluminescent automated immunoassay able to detect anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Data are carried out on healthy subjects and other infectious diseases pre‐pandemic sera, as controls, and on two different coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized patient groups (early and late infection time). Data obtained have been analyzed in terms of precision, linearity, sensitivity and specificity. Specificities are: 100% for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and 98% for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM, in all patient groups. Sensitivities are: 97%, 100%, and 98% for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and 87%, 83%, and 86% for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM in the early infection, in the late infection and in the total patient group, respectively. The Mindray anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and IgM assays demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity, indicating that IgG and IgM simultaneous detection is useful even in the early phases of infection.
Human capital development practices and career success: The moderating role of country development and income inequality
Authors: Bagdadli Silvia , Gianecchini Martina , Andresen Maike , Cotton Rick , Kaše Robert , Lazarova Mila , Smale Adam , Bosak Janine , Briscoe Jon P. , Chudzikowski Katharina , Dello Russo Silvia , Reichel Astrid 
Published: January 2021

SummaryEmployees can enhance their human capital through participation in organizationally sponsored development activities. However, there is little research on the extent to which the effects of such practices vary depending on national context. Adopting a human capital theory perspective, we hypothesized a positive relationship between human capital development practices experienced in one's career and objective and subjective career success (salary level and perceived financial success, respectively) and tested two country‐level institutional factors (country development and income inequality) as moderators. Results from our multi‐level analyses of a large‐scale sample of over 8800 managers and professionals from 28 countries showed that, as expected, experiencing a larger number of different human capital development practices was associated with higher salary level and greater perceived financial success. The relationship between development practices and salary level was stronger in the case of developed countries and weakly negatively affected for countries with higher income inequality. The relationship between development practices and perceived financial success was weaker for developed countries and unaffected by income inequality. Our research thus identifies boundary conditions to the application of human capital theory in different contexts and contributes to the comparative careers literature by showing that institutional factors affect the outcome of organizationally sponsored development activities.
Lake sedimentary processes and vegetation changes over the last 45k cal abpin the uplands of south‐eastern Amazonia
Authors: Guimarães José Tasso Felix , Sahoo Prafulla Kumar , De Figueiredo Mariana Maha Jana Costa , da Silva Lopes Karen , Gastauer Markus , Ramos Silvio Junio , Caldeira Cecilio Frois , Souza‐Filho Pedro Walfir M. , Reis Luiza Santos , Da Silva Marcio Sousa , Pontes Paulo Rogenes , Da Silva Renato Oliveira , Rodrigues Tarcísio Magevski 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis study addresses paleoclimate influences in a southern Amazonia ecotone based on multiproxy records from lakes of the Carajás region during the last 45k cal abp.Wet and cool environmental conditions marked the initial deposition in shallow depressions with detrital sediments and high weathering rates until 40k cal abp.Concomitantly, forest and C3 canga plants, along with cool‐adapted taxa, developed; however, short drier episodes enabled expansion of C4 plants and diagenetic formation of siderite. A massive event of siderite formation occurred approximately 30k cal abpunder strong drier conditions. Afterwards, wet and cool environmental conditions returned and persisted until the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The LGM was marked by lake‐level lowstands and subaerial exposure. The transition from the LGM to the Holocene is marked by the onset of oscillations in temperature and humidity, with an expansion of forest and canga plants. Cool taxa were present for the last time in the Carajás region ~ 9.5–9k cal abp.After 10k cal abp, shallow lakes became upland swamps due to natural infilling processes, but the current vegetation types and structures of the plateaus were acquired only after 3k cal abpunder wetter climatic conditions.
The Risks of Complications During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: An Anatomical and Endoscopic Study
Authors: Maggiore Giandomenico , Pietragalla Michele , De Amicis Christian , Nardi Cosimo , Bruno Chiara , Gallo Oreste , Bonasera Luigi , Perrone Anna , Cavallo Annalisa , Colagrande Stefano , Taccetti Giovanni , Locatello Luca Giovanni 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisAn increasing proportion of adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is being referred to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in order to relieve the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Given that CFTR mutations profoundly alter sinonasal development, we want to explore the relationship between their peculiar surgical anatomy and the risk of postoperative complications.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsParanasal sinuses CT scans of 103 CF adult patients with CRS were compared to those belonging to a cohort of 100 non‐CF adult patients to explore their anatomical differences. Secondly, CF and non‐CF patients who received primary/revision ESS were analyzed in order to assess their preoperative CT scan in terms of surgically relevant variants, and according to the CLOSE checklist. Surgical outcomes were statistically compared in order to explore the differences between groups.ResultsCF group presented more frequently with smaller and less pneumatized paranasal sinuses and a higher Lund‐Mckay score compared with controls. No anatomical differences emerged in terms of genotype stratification. Non‐CF CRS patients undergoing ESS showed a significantly deeper olfactory fossa and a more frequent supraorbital pneumatization compared to CF patients (P < .001 and P = .031, respectively). Whereas this latter group underwent more often aggressive surgical procedures (P = .001), no difference in terms of postoperative adverse events was found (P = .620).ConclusionsDespite receiving more often aggressive ESS procedures, adult CF patients do not show an increased risk of postoperative complication and this may be linked to a different proportion of anatomical and surgically‐relevant variants.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2481–E2489, 2021
Advancement of Biomaterial‐Based Postoperative Adhesion Barriers
Authors: Chandel Arvind K. Singh , Shimizu Atsushi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Ito Taichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPostoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is a prevalent incidence that generally happens during the healing process of traumatized tissues. It causes multiple severe complications such as intestinal obstruction, chronic abdominal pain, and female infertility. To prevent PPA, several antiadhesion materials and drug delivery systems composed of biomaterials are used clinically, and clinical antiadhesive is one of the important applications nowadays. In addition to several commercially available materials, like film, spray, injectable hydrogel, powder, or solution type have been energetically studied based on natural and synthetic biomaterials such as alginate, hyaluronan, cellulose, starch, chondroitin sulfate, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, etc. Moreover, many kinds of animal adhesion models, such as cecum abrasion models and unitary horn models, are developed to evaluate new materials’ efficacy. A new animal adhesion model based on hepatectomy and conventional animal adhesion models is recently developed and a new adhesion barrier by this new model is also developed. In summary, many kinds of materials and animal models are studied; thus, it is quite important to overview this field's current progress. Here, PPA is reviewed in terms of the species of biomaterials and animal models and several problems to be solved to develop better antiadhesion materials in the future are discussed.
Laser beam melting of aluminum alloys with hull‐core build strategy by using an initial meso‐scale simulation
Authors: Grüne J.G. , Knoop D. , Domagala T. , von Hehl A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLaser beam melting (LBM) of aluminum alloys is gaining a wide popularity in different industrial applications as an alternative technology for the production of individual and complex parts. A long build time and the high amount of experimental work for optimizing or finding new process parameters are two of the current challenges for reaching an industrial maturity. This paper proposes an efficient way to determine new process parameters for aluminum alloy aluminum‐silicon10‐magnesium with highest build‐up rates by using a 3D finite element model on the mesoscopic level. High laser power in combination with the hull‐core build strategy was used to increase the build‐up rate without impairing the part accuracy. The influences of high laser power, laser diameter and scan speed on the melt pool were studied by using a thermal simulation of single laser tracks. Based on the simulation results the process window could be derived and was tested on a laser beam melting (LBM) system. The achieved reduction of the build time of up to 31 % without loss in part accuracy proved the novel approach for the prediction of the required process window as an efficient method to reduce costly and time‐consuming experimental work.
Enhanced electrochemical properties of sodium‐doped lithium‐rich manganese‐based cathode materials
Authors: Fang T. , Zhu Y. , Hua J. , Chu H. , Qiu S. , Zou Y. , Xiang C. , Xu F. , Sun L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, sodium has been successfully doped into the layered lithium‐rich manganese‐based cathode material through melt impregnation. The as‐prepared samples are characterized by multiple techniques of x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the electrochemical measurements. The results show that sodium doping hardly changes the layered structure and surface morphology of pristine sample. The sample particles of sodium‐doped materials exhibit polygonal shape similar to prism. The sodium‐doped material possesses high rate performance and good cycling stability, and the initial charge and discharge capacity reaches 340.2 mA h g−1 and 249.0 mA h g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1, respectively. The initial coulombic efficiency of the first cycle is 73 %. After running 100 repeated cycles at 40 mA g−1 and 100 mA g−1, the discharge capacity could still be maintained at about 230.0 mA h g−1 and 220.0 mA h g−1, respectively. Moreover, the voltage attenuation is effectively suppressed during charging/discharging cycles.
Modal analysis of an aluminum beam coated with damaged and porous functionally graded material
Authors: Erdurcan E.F. , Cunedioglu Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper modal analysis is performed on a symmetric aluminum beam which is coated with functionally graded material containing porosities. A polynomial function is used to vary the density and elasticity through the thickness of the coating, while the effective elastic modulus and density are found with classical lamination theory. To achieve a truthful modeling the gradually changing mechanical properties of the coating are modeled as 25 layers of material, while each individual layer is isotropic and homogeneous. MATLAB is used to write a finite element code and Timoshenko beam elements are used to include shear deformation effects. To show the influences of crack location, crack depth, porosity and the polynomial function index on the natural beam frequencies a parametric study is conducted. Multiple boundary conditions were also considered and it was found that the natural frequency values were significantly affected by the studied parameters.
Phytochemistry and cardiovascular protective effects of Huang‐Qi (Astragali Radix)
Authors: Su Hui‐fei , Shaker Sharpkate , Kuang Yi , Zhang Meng , Ye Min , Qiao Xue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuang‐Qi (Astragali Radix) is an herbal tonic widely used in China and many other countries. It is derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and shows potent cardiovascular protective effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed 189 small molecules isolated from the two Astragalus species and discussed the interspecies chemical differences. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Huang‐Qi and its major bioactive compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers 171 references published between February 1983 and March 2020.
Combination ofShehudecomposition and variational iteration transform methods for solving fractional third order dispersive partial differential equations
Authors: Chu Yu‐Ming , Bani Hani Ehab Hussein , El‐Zahar Essam R. , Ebaid Abdelhalim , Shah Nehad Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, the fractional third‐order dispersive partial differential equations were investigated by using Shehu decomposition and variational iteration transform methods. The well known Riemann‐Liouville fraction integral, Caputo's fractional‐order derivative, Shehu transform for fractional‐order derivatives and Mittag‐Leffler function were used as the major basis of the methodology. The graphs and table show the solution behavior for various fractional order values. The comparison provided the signed agreement of the solutions to each other as well as with the exact result. The accurateness and efficiency of the suggested techniques are examined using two numerical experiments. The reliability and validity tests show that for various fractional‐order values, the newly proposed method is reliable, accurate, and efficient.