bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Molecular Conformation and Crystal Packing of Biphenyl Derivatives
Authors: Landeros‐Rivera Bruno , Hernández‐Trujillo Jesús 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis Review presents a discussion of the conformation of biphenyl derivatives in different chemical environments. The interplay between aromatic stabilization and steric repulsion, normally considered to explain the conformation of the molecule, is contrasted with the interpretation provided by models not based on molecular orbitals. The electronic control of conformation by means of appropriate hydrogen substitution is discussed by examples taken from chemistry and molecular electronics. Supramolecular synthons involving biphenyl are critically analyzed in terms of the molecular conformation, crystal packing and intermolecular forces. Some directions for future research on the control of the conformation of biphenyls are also presented.
QTL mapping and colocalization analysis reveal novel candidate genes for multiple disease resistance in maize
Authors: Palanichamy Dhyaneswaran , Smith Margaret 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnpredictable pathogen pressures resulting from changing climatic patterns have required plant breeders to breed crop cultivars with durable resistance to multiple plant pathogens. The genetic basis of multiple disease resistance (MDR) is an important component in building durable resistance in crop plants. Maize (Zea mays L.) inbred NY22613, developed at Cornell University, has shown resistance to northern leaf blight (NLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), common rust, and Stewart's wilt (SW). In order to unravel the genetic basis of MDR in NY22613, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and colocalization studies were conducted. A BC3S3 biparental mapping population (resistant inbred NY22613 and susceptible recurrent inbred Oh7B) was used to map the QTL responsible for disease resistance. The analysis revealed that 16 QTL were associated with NLB resistance, 17 QTL with GLS resistance, and 16 QTL with SW resistance. No QTL were colocalized for all three diseases. Three QTL were shared for NLB and GLS in chromosomes 7, 9, and 10 and one QTL was shared for GLS and SW in chromosome 2. These QTL contain the following genes that have been previously associated with disease resistance: Zm00001d002005 (lg1, liguleless1), Zm00001d024007, Zm00001d024008, LOC103642379, and LOC103641009. These regions also contain the following novel genes, which have not been associated with any function: LOC541757, Zm00001d044974, Zm00001d044975, and LOC109941121. To select individuals with MDR, a novel selection method was developed that combines phenotypic data, QTL data, and high‐density marker information in a cluster analysis designated as the high‐density marker phenotype (HEMP) QTL selection strategy.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Over Interfacial‐Enhanced Ag/TiO2 Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Weizi , Li Xinxin , Liu Shaoru , Qiu Jianhao , An Jiahuan , Yao Jianfeng , Zuo Songlin , Zhang Bo , Xia Haian , Li Changzhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic conversion of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxyfurfural (HMF) to value‐added 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) is an environmentally friendly process. Here, Ag nanoparticle (NP) supported on TiO2 (Ag/TiO2) materials with different interfacial structures were fabricated via incipient wetness impregnation. In the photocatalytic oxidation of 5‐HMF to HMFCA, low‐temperature reduction (473 K) on Ag/TiO2 could improve the photoinduced charge separation efficiency and promote the reaction due to the “enhanced” localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects achieved through strong metal–support interaction (SMSI). In particular, 2.5 % Ag/TiO2‐LTR exhibited superior performance with an HMFCA selectivity of up to 96.7 % under visible‐light illumination. In contrast, the photocatalytic efficiency was greatly reduced when the reduction temperature increased to 773 K because of the encapsulation of Ag NPs by a thicker TiOx overlay, which significantly weakened visible‐light harvesting. Overall, these findings offer an efficient methodology for designing interfacial enhanced plasmonic photocatalysts for the valorization of biomass.
Prospective multisite cohort study of patient‐reported outcomes in adults with new‐onset seizures
Authors: Foster Emma , Chen Zhibin , Vaughan David N. , Tailby Christopher , Carney Patrick W. , D’Souza Wendyl , Au Yong Hue Mun , Nicolo John‐Paul , Pellinen Jacob , Carrillo de Albornoz Sara , Liew Danny , O’Brien Terence J. , Kwan Patrick , Ademi Zanfina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveNew‐onset seizures affect up to 10% of people over their lifetime, however, their health economic impact has not been well‐studied. This prospective multicenter study will collect patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) from adults with new‐onset seizures seen in six Seizure Clinics across Melbourne, Australia and The University of Colorado, USA.MethodsApproximately 450 eligible patients will be enrolled in the study at or following their initial attendance to Seizure Clinics at the study hospitals. Inclusion criteria for the study group are those with new‐onset acute symptomatic seizures, new‐onset unprovoked seizures, and new‐onset epilepsy. Inclusion criteria for the three comparator groups are those with noncardiac syncope, those with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, as well as published PROMs data from the Australian general population. Exclusion criteria are those aged less than 18 years, those with a preexisting epilepsy diagnosis, and those with intellectual disabilities or other impairments which would preclude them from comprehending and completing the questionnaires. Patients will complete eight online questionnaires regarding the effect that their seizures (or seizure mimics) have had on various aspects of their life. These questionnaires will be readministered at 6 and 12 months. Patients with new‐diagnosis epilepsy will also be asked to share the reasons why they have accepted or declined antiseizure medications.AnalysisPrimary outcome measures will be quality of life, work productivity, informal care needs, and mood, at baseline compared to 6 and 12 months later for those with new‐onset seizures and comparing these outcomes to those in the three comparator groups. Secondary outcomes include mapping of QoLIE‐31 to the EQ‐5D‐5L in epilepsy, modelling indirect costs of new‐onset seizures, and exploring why patients may or may not wish to take antiseizure medications.SignificanceThese data will form an evidence‐base for future studies that examine the effectiveness of various healthcare interventions for new‐onset seizure patients.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Alfred Health Human Research Ethics Committee (SERP: 52 538, Alfred HREC: 307/19), the Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/59148/Austin‐2019), and the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board (COMIRB) (COMIRB #20‐3028).ANZCTR trial registration numberACTRN12621000908831.
Risk factors that predict delayed seizure detection on continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) in a large sample size of critically ill patients
Authors: Zawar Ifrah , Briskin Isaac , Hantus Stephen 
Published: December 2021

SummaryObjectiveMajority of seizures are detected within 24 hours on continuous EEG (cEEG). Some patients have delayed seizure detection after 24 hours. The purpose of this research was to identify risk factors that predict delayed seizure detection and to determine optimal cEEG duration for various patient subpopulations.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all patients ≥18 years of age who underwent cEEG at Cleveland clinic during calendar year 2016. Clinical and EEG data for all patients and time to seizure detection for seizure patients were collected.ResultsTwenty‐four hundred and two patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 316 (13.2%) had subclinical seizures. Sixty‐five (20.6%) patients had delayed seizures detection after 24 hours. Seizure detection increased linearly till 36 hours of monitoring, and odds of seizure detection increased by 46% for every additional day of monitoring. Delayed seizure risk factors included stupor (13.2% after 48 hours, P = .031), lethargy (25.9%, P = .013), lateralized (LPDs) (27.7%, P = .029) or generalized periodic discharges (GPDs) (33.3%, P = .022), acute brain insults (25.5%, P = .036), brain bleeds (32.8%, P = .014), especially multiple concomitant bleeds (61.1%, P < .001), altered mental status (34.7%, P = .001) as primary cEEG indication, and use of antiseizure medications (27.8%, P < .001) at cEEG initiation.SignificanceGiven the linear seizure detection trend, 36 hours of standard monitoring appears more optimal than 24 hours especially for high‐risk patients. For awake patients without epileptiform discharges, <24 hours of monitoring appears sufficient. Previous studies have shown that coma and LPDs predict delayed seizure detection. We found that stupor and lethargy were also associated with delayed seizure detection. LPDs and GPDs were associated with delayed seizures. Other delayed seizure risk factors included acute brain insults, brain bleeds especially multiple concomitant bleeds, altered mental status as primary cEEG indication, and use of ASMs at cEEG initiation. Longer cEEG (≥48 hours) is suggested for these high‐risk patients.
Toward a Framework for Environmental Fate and Exposure Assessment of Polymers
Authors: Brunning Hattie , Sallach J. Brett , Zanchi Victor , Price Oliver , Boxall Alistair 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Development of risk-assessment methodologies for polymers is an emerging regulatory priority to prevent negative environmental impacts; however, the diversity and complexity of polymers require adaptation of existing environmental risk-assessment approaches. The present review discusses the challenges and opportunities for the fate and exposure assessment of polymers in the context of regulatory environmental risk assessment of chemicals. The review discusses the applicability and adequacy for polymers of existing fate parameters used for nonpolymeric compounds and proposes additional parameters that could inform the fate of polymers. The significance of these parameters in various stages of an exposure-assessment framework is highlighted, with classification of polymers as solid or dissolved being key for identification of those parameters most relevant to environmental fate. Considerations to address the key limitations and knowledge gaps are then identified and discussed, specifically the complexity of polymer identification, with the need for characterization of the most significant parameters for polymer grouping and prioritization; the complexity of polymer degradation in the environment, with the need to incorporate the fate and hazards of degradation products into risk assessment; the requirement for development and standardization of analytical methods for characterization of polymer fate properties and degradation products; and the need to develop exposure modeling approaches for polymers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:515–540. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Spillers's baby, anthropology's maybe: A postgenomic reckoning
Authors: Massie Victoria M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article is a meditation on the state of anthropological studies of race in the postgenomic era through its particular analytical obsession with the resurrection of biological racism as presumably embodied by genetic African ancestry. Drawing on Hortense Spillers' psychoanalytic framework on race, this essay argues that the failures ascribed to genetic African ancestry and those who build relations with one another through it, is a desperate plea to salvage the last vestiges of anthropology's anti‐racialist position against biological determinism at a moment when the instability of field of biology betrays that possibility. This essay builds on feminist kinship studies to trace how genetic African ancestry is discursively put to work to naturalize the disciplinary refusal to reckon with racism – especially when it is perpetuated by the discipline itself. By reframing genetic ancestry through the grammar of black kinship practices, this article compels anthropologists to reflect on the ways critiques of genetic African ancestry traffic biological and historical essentialisms to reposition ourselves as "right" on race rather than take on a perspective on contemporary processes of racialization at this moment as the circulation of genetic African ancestry demands.
Safety and metabolic advantages of steroid withdrawal after 6 months posttransplant in de novo kidney transplantation: A 1‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Bang Jun B. , Oh Chang‐Kwon , Kim Yu S. , Kim Sung H. , Yu Hee C. , Kim Chan‐Duck , Ju Man Ki , So Byung J. , Lee Sang Ho , Han Sang Y. , Jung Cheol W. , Kim Joong K. , Ahn Hyung J. , Lee Su H. , Jeon Ja Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis prospective multicenter study aimed at investigating the safety and metabolic advantages of steroid withdrawal (SW) therapy in kidney transplant recipients with tacrolimus–mycophenolate mofetil‐based immunosuppression.MethodsWe analyzed 179 recipients who received kidney transplantation from March 2016 and September 2018. In 179 recipients, 114 patients maintained an immunosuppressive regimen including steroids (steroid continuation [SC] group). The remaining 65 patients were determined to withdraw steroid therapy after 6 months posttransplant (SW group). Metabolic parameters and graft functions of the two groups were evaluated.ResultsThe estimated glomerular filtration rates at 12 months posttransplant were 67.29 ± 20.29 ml/min/1.73 m2 in SC group and 73.72 ± 17.57 ml/min/1.73 m2 in SW group (p < .001). The acute rejection occurred to four recipients in the SC group (3.5%) and no acute rejection occurred to SW group recipients during the 6–2 months posttransplant period. Oral glucose tolerance tests revealed that recipients in the SW group were more improved in glucose metabolism than the SC group during 6–12 months posttransplant. In addition, cholesterol levels and blood pressure decreased after the withdrawal of steroids in the SW group.ConclusionIn conclusion, a 6‐month withdrawal of steroids in recipients with low immunological risk and stable graft function can be safely conducted and result in improvement of metabolic profiles. Stable recipients without biopsy‐proven acute rejection and proteinuria can safely withdraw from steroids out of a maintenance immunosuppressive regimen 6‐months posttransplant. A long‐term follow‐up study is needed to verify our results.
Nonparametric tests of tail behavior in stochastic frontier models
Authors: Horrace William C. , Wang Yulong 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis article studies tail behavior for the error components in the stochastic frontier model, where one component has bounded support on one side, and the other has unbounded support on both sides. Under weak assumptions on the error components, we derive nonparametric tests for thin‐tailed distributional assumptions imposed on these two components. The tests are useful diagnostic tools for stochastic frontier analysis and kernel deconvolution density estimation. A simulation study and applications to four previously studied datasets are provided. In two of these applications, the new tests reject the thin‐tailed distributional assumptions such as normal or Laplace, which are commonly imposed in the existing literature.
3D bioprinting of photo‐crosslinkable silk methacrylate (SilMA)‐polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) bioink for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ashutosh , Mandal Biman B. , Bhardwaj Nandana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArticular cartilage damage poses huge burden on healthcare sector globally due to its extremely weak inherent regenerative ability. Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting for development of cartilage mimic constructs using composite bioinks serves as an emerging perspective. However, difficulty in development of suitable bioink and chemical crosslinking associated inherent toxicity hamper widespread adoption of this technique. To circumvent this, a photo‐polymerizable hydrogel‐based bioink which helps in recapitulation of the complex cartilage microenvironment is pertinent. Herein, a photo‐crosslinkable bioink containing different concentrations of silk methacrylate (SilMA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) was mixed with chondrocytes for biofabrication of 3D bioprinted cartilage constructs. The rheological properties, printability of bioink and physico‐chemical characterization of printed hydrogel constructs were examined along with cartilaginous tissue formation. The printed SilMA‐PEGDA hydrogel constructs possessed proper internal porous structure and demonstrated most reliable rheological properties, printability along with good mechanical, and degradation properties suitable for cartilage regeneration. Live/dead staining showed cytocompatibility of the 3D‐bioprinted SilMA‐PEGDA constructs. Moreover, a marked increase in cell number and DNA content was observed within the cartilaginous tissue as indicated by cell viability and DNA content quantitation. Biochemical evaluation confirmed the neocartilage formation within SilMA‐PEGDA bioprinted constructs as revealed by enhanced deposition of cartilage specific extracellular matrix‐sulphated GAG (sGAG) and collagen type II (>2‐fold increase, p < 0.001) with time. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis indicated expression of collagen type II and aggrecan which corroborated with cartilaginous tissue formation. Taken together, we conclude that SilMA‐PEGDA bioink could be suitable candidate for bioprinting chondrocytes to support cartilage tissue repair and regeneration.
Using interpersonal reconstructive therapy to address comorbid problems organized by attachment‐based learning: The case of Don
Authors: Critchfield Kenneth L. , Thapa Priyata , Panizo Mariafé T. , Conceição Nuno 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFeature heterogeneity and diagnostic overlap occur regularly among patients in clinical settings. In interpersonal reconstructive therapy (IRT), a case formulation focused on patterns learned in close attachment relationships guides intervention choices. This study illustrates how IRT formulation and treatment proceed, and how it may also fail when there is not close adherence to underlying principles. Don is a music professor in his 40's with a significant trauma history and complex diagnostic profile that includes many hospitalizations and suicide attempts. He qualified for several diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders personality disorders via formal diagnostic interviews (obsessive‐compulsive, avoidant, passive‐aggressive, narcissistic), as well as major depression, generalized anxiety, and substance abuse. Don's formulation demonstrates how self‐destruction can function as a “gift of love” to internalized representations of important caregivers. Data from work with patients like Don confirm the usefulness of Benjamin's IRT lens for navigating comorbidity, as well as the importance of underlying principles of change.
The potential of psychological connectedness: Mitigating the impacts of COVID‐19 through sense of community and community resilience
Authors: Mannarini Terri , Rizzo Marco , Brodsky Anne , Buckingham Sara , Zhao Jenny , Rochira Alessia , Fedi Angela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify patterns of relationships connecting sense of community (SOC) and community resilience with psychological wellbeing, via the mediation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) impacts on life domains. Survey data were collected from an international sample of adults (n = 824) during the COVID‐19 outbreak (June–September 2020). Using a structural equation model, we tested a mediation model to identify the associations between SOC and community resilience with the perceived impacts of the emergency situation and with psychological wellbeing. Results revealed that SOC mitigated the impacts of COVID‐19 on multiple life domains, and it was also positively associated with wellbeing. Community resilience was correlated with SOC and wellbeing but showed no significant relationship with COVID‐19 impacts. The findings support that SOC has a protective function and can contribute to mitigating the impacts of difficult life situations. SOC can also be leveraged as an intervention aimed at protecting the wellbeing of people and communities, particularly in times of crisiss
What makes us complete: Hybrid multicultural identity and its social contextual origins
Authors: Belgrade Andrea , Kira Mari , Sadaghiyani Shima , Lee Fiona 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur research explores the experience of holding a Hybrid Multicultural Identity (a superordinate cultural identity; HMI) and the social contextual experiences hybrid multiculturals describe as influential to the development of an HMI. We conducted a Photovoice study with 10 hybrid multiculturals (age 18–32; 6 women and 4 men) living in a college town in the Midwestern US. The participants valued HMI for the psychological advantages they attributed to this identity. We also found the participants described three broad categories of their social environment that were key to the development of HMI: cultural composition in living environments, perceptions of macro‐level marginalization, and culturally related interpersonal experiences. Our research documents (1) the lived experience of being a hybrid multicultural (2) the importance of cultural mixing for HMI development, and (3) how people with HMI describe primarily negative perceptions of the social environment as instrumental to the development of HMI.
Implication of scanning electron microscopy as a tool for identification of novel, nonedible oil seeds for biodiesel production
Authors: Rozina  , Ahmad Mushtaq , Khan Amir Muhammad , Abbas Qamar , Arfan Muhammad , Mahmood Tariq , Zafar Muhammad , Raza Jamil , Sultana Shazia , Akhtar Maryam Tanveer , Ameen Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiodiesel is a promising, bio‐based, renewable, nontoxic, environment friendly, and alternative fuel for petroleum derived fuels which helps to reduce dependency on conventional fossil fuels. In this study, six novel, nonedible seed oil producing feedstock were explored for their potential for sustainable production of biodiesel. It is very important to correctly identify oil yielding plant species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used as reliable tool for authentic identification of oil yielding seeds. Macromorphological characters of seeds were studied with light microscopy (LM). Outcomes of LM of seeds exposed distinctive variation in seed size from 16.3 to 3.2 mm in length and 12.4 to 0.9 mm in width, shape varied from oval to triangular, and color from black to light brown. Oil content of nonedible seed ranged from 25 to 30% (w/w). Free fatty acid content of seed oil varied from 0.32 to 2.5 mg KOH/g. Moreover, ultra structural study of seeds via SEM showed variation in surface sculpturing, cell arrangement, cell shape, periclinal wall shape, margins, protuberances, and anticlinal wall shape. Surface sculpturing varied from rugged, reticulate, varrucose, papillate, and striate. Periclinal wall arrangements confirmed variation from rough, wavy, raised, depressed, smooth, and elevated whereas, anticlinal walls pattern showed variation from profuse undulating, smooth, raised, grooved, deep, curved, and depressed. It was concluded that SEM could be a latent and advanced technique in unveiling hidden micromorphological characters of nonedible oil yielding seeds which delivers valuable information to researchers and indigenous people for precise and authentic identification and recognition.