bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory Response of the Green Lacewing Chrysoperla Externa to Volatile Organic Compounds of Eucalyptus Urograndis
Authors: Borges David Jackson Vieira , Souza Rafael Aparecido Carvalho , de Oliveira Alberto , de Sousa Raquel Maria Ferreira , Santos Jean Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The evaluation of the direct effects of the relationship between plants and predators without considering the participation of herbivores can provide vital information for the study of ecological interactions and integrated pest management. In this context, the present work studied the behavioral responses of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae to the volatile organic compounds of young and mature, undamaged and damaged leaves of Eucalyptus urograndis (Myrtaceae), and investigate the chemical composition of leaf essential oils and their effects on the green lacewing. The responses of the C. externa larvae to the odors emitted by leaves were evaluated by an experimental behavior test using a Y-tube olfactometer. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation of the young and mature leaves with and without damage. The larvae respond attractively to the volatiles emitted without the participation of herbivores, and it selected preferentially odors emitted by young leaves with simulated herbivory. The chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This research identified 32 compounds; some of them had not been identified in other studies. Young leaves had a higher content of essential oil compared to mature leaves. Among the compounds identified, eucalyptol, α-Terpineol, Aromadendrene, and α-Terpinyl acetate are the major compounds. An inversion in the content of eucalyptol (which decreases) and α-terpinyl acetate (which increases) is observed when young and mature leaves are damage. Thus, this work contributed with basic data on the potential use of eucalyptus forests as maintainers of natural chrysopids populations.
IL-18 haplotype GCAGT and IL-18R1 rs3755276 genotype CC combinatively associated with severity of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients
Authors: Chen Dunfan , Chen Baijian , Li Guowei , Wang Haofei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: IL-18 has been reported as a collaborative biomarker for the development of sepsis surgical patients. IL-18 promoter and IL-18R1 polymorphisms have been reported in the development of post-injury sepsis and other diseases. In this study, we explored the association between IL-18/IL-18R1 polymorphisms and the severity of VAP in sepsis patients. Methods: ELISA was used to measure the abundance of IL-18, TNF-a, IL-6 and PCT in the peripheral blood of VAP patients in distinct groups. Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to examine the expression of IL-18 and IL-18R1 mRNA under distinct circumstances. APACHEII scoring were performed to assess the APACHEII scores of VAP patients with distinct genotypes. Results: IL-18-GCAGT and IL-18R1-CC were proved to be correlated with the occurrence of SEPSIS in VAP patients. The IL-18 level was remarkably suppressed in the peripheral blood of VAP patients with IL-18-GCAGT, while IL-18R1 polymorphisms showed no impact on IL-18 expression. The expression of IL-18R1 was suppressed in the peripheral blood of VAP patients with IL-18R1-CC genotypes. When combined IL-18 haplotypes and IL-18R1 genotypes together, we found IL-18-GCAGT and IL-18R1-CC were remarkably correlated with decreased APACHE II score and suppressed expression of TNF-a/IL-6/PCT and increased time from ICU admission to VAP. Conclusion: GCAGT significantly reduced the expression of IL-18. And the genotype CC of rs3755276 located in IL-18R1 also reduced expression of IL-18R1 compared with other genotypes. Collectively, both haplotype GCAGT of IL-18 and genotype CC of IL-18R1 were associated with severity of VAP in patients admitted to ICU.
Accuracy of a Method to Monitor Root Position Using 3D Digital Crown/root Model During Orthodontic Treatments
Authors: Ogawa Kaho , Ishida Yoshiki , Kuwajima Yukinori , Lee Cliff , Emge Jacob R , Izumisawa Mitsuru , Satoh Kazuro , Nagai Shigemi , Silva John D Da , Chen Chia-Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives.The objective of this retrospective clinical study was to assess the accuracy of a method of predicting post-movement root position during orthodontic treatment, using a 3D digital crown/root model (3DCRM), which was created with pre-movement records of both CBCT and dental-arch digital scans.Material & Methods.Pre-movement CBCT scans, post-movement CBCT scans, and dental-arch digital scans of five patients who had completed orthodontic treatments were used in this study with the approval of internal review board of Iwate Medical University. The 3DCRM was superimposed onto post-movement scanned dental-arch to identify the post-movement root position (test method). Post-movement CBCT (referenced as current method) served as the control used to identify the actual post-movement root position. The predicted root positions by the two methods were compared using color displacement mapping and 3D coordinate XYZ analysis.Results.Color displacement mapping showed that the average root displacement of five cases was -0.16 mm ±0.05 mm. 3D coordinate analysis revealed no significant differences between test and current methods in X and Y axis. However, the discrepancy in Z axis (especially in cases of intrusion) was greater than all other directions (mesial, distal, labial, palatal and extrusion direction) for all three tooth types examined (central incisor, lateral incisor and canine, p <0.05). A strong positive correlation between the degree of discrepancy and the distance of tooth movement was observed on the Z axis (r =0.71).Conclusions.The 3DCRM method showed promising potential to accurately predict root position during orthodontic treatments without the need for a second CBCT. However, root resorption, which affected the Z axis prediction, needs to be closely monitored using periapical radiographs to complement this method.Clinical Relevance.The 3DCRM method can be a useful tool to better evaluate root positioning during and after orthodontic treatment without the need to expose patients to an additional CBCT scan.
Efficacy and Safety of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy With S-1 for Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Phase II Study
Authors: Ushigome Mitsunori , Funahashi Kimihiko , Kaneko Tomoaki , Kagami Satoru , Yoshida Kimihiko , Miura Yasuyuki , Koda Takamaru , Nagashima Yasuo , Kurihara Akiharu , Terahara Atsuro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with rectal cancer has not yet been established in Japan. We conducted a non-randomized phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative CRT with S-1, a fixed-dose combination of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium. Methods: We conducted a prospective, interventional, single-center study. Radiotherapy was administered at a total dose of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy in 25 fractions) for five weeks. S-1 was administered orally for a total of nine weeks (five weeks during and four weeks after radiotherapy) at a dose of 80 mg/m2/day. The endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. The required sample size was calculated to be 30 individuals. The characteristics of the 28 patients included were as follows: cStage (II:12/ III:16), median age of 66 years (range 40–77 years), male/female (20/8), and lesion site (Ra-Rb:3/Rb:23/Rb-P:2). Results: Preoperative treatment was completed in 27 patients (96%). Treatment abandon was because of diarrhea. Grade 3 or higher adverse events were observed in only two patients (7%). Clinical downstaging was performed in eight patients (29%). Radical resection was achieved in 27 patients (96%), including 19 (68%) who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery. The pCR rate was 11% (three patients). The three-year disease-free survival rate was 79%, and the overall survival was 89%. No local recurrence occurred three years after surgery. Conclusions: Preoperative CRT with S-1 has an acceptable safety profile, and can potentially contribute to preserving anal function in patients with rectal cancer.Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trial Registry: UMIN000013598. Registered 1 April 2014, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000015887
Primary Evaluation of Appling HMGA2 in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Shen Jian , Li Yi , Wu Qiong , Liu Yilun , Jin Anqi , Hu Bing , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Molecular marker is on the hot spot for thyroid tumor research in the recent years. The purpose of this study is try to clarify the value of HMGA2 for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid nodules in order to further assessing the risk of simultaneous cervical lymph nodes metastasis.
Methods

With a total of 125 thyroid samples, including 85 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 20 follicular thyroid adenomas and 20 normal thyroid tissue were retrospectively analyzed, and we compare expression level of HMGA2 protein among these three groups in this study. PTC group was then subdivided according to the number of metastasis lymph nodes in order to explore the possibility of using HMGA2 protein to predict invasion of lymph nodes in PTC. We also compare the efficiency of BRAFV600E mutation and HMGA2 expression level in the prediagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis during the experiment.
Results

Expression rate of HMGA2 protein in PTC was measured at 100%, which has significant statistical differences with HMGA2 in FTA and NT (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between expression level of HMGA2 and the size of PTC; whether it accompanied by Hashimoto's thyroiditis; high expression level of HMGA2 could be more sensitive in the prediagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis than BRAFV600E mutation.
Conclusion

①HMGA2 protein can be used as a molecular marker for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. ②The expression level of HMGA2 protein is correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma, performing an auxiliary value for clinical decision.
Microwave and radio frequency fractional differentiation with a 49GHz Kerr soliton crystal microcomb source
Authors: Moss David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report a photonic radio frequency (RF) fractional differentiator based on an integrated Kerr micro-comb source. The micro-comb source has a free spectral range (FSR) of 49 GHz, generating a large number of comb lines that serve as a high-performance multi-wavelength source for the differentiator. By programming and shaping the comb lines according to calculated tap weights, arbitrary fractional orders ranging from 0.15 to 0.90 are achieved over a broad RF operation bandwidth of 15.49 GHz. We experimentally characterize the frequency-domain RF amplitude and phase response as well as the temporal response with a Gaussian pulse input. The experimental results show good agreement with theory, confirming the effectiveness of our approach towards high-performance fractional differentiators featuring broad processing bandwidth, high reconfigurability, and potentially reduced sized and cost.
The effect of immunomodulators on various markers of the acute inflammation phase in patients with mild community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Gaynitdinova V. V. , Kazharova S. V. , Zorina V. N. , Polischuk V. B. , Vlasenko A. E. 
Published: May 2021

The objective: to study the effect of immunomodulators on markers of the acute inflammation phase in patients with mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Subjects and methods. Patients (n = 64) with mild CAP (39.62 ± 9.82 years, CRB – 650.15 ± 0.04 scores) were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (control) received only standard CAP therapy; in the other two groups, immunomodulators were prescribed simultaneously with standard therapy: in Group 2 – bacterial lysate (BL), in Group 3 – azoximer bromide (AB). In the patients, the blood levels of IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactoferrin were tested before treatment (day 1), and on days 13 and 60 of observation.Results. The initial levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and lactoferrin in the patients were statistically significantly higher above normal ones. A significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP was found in all patients on the 13th and 60th days of observation compared to the 1st day, the maximum reduction was observed in the patients receiving immunomodulators. The biggest decrease in the level of lactoferrin on the 60th day of observation was noted in the group of patients taking BL. The changes in the rate of TNF-α and IL-6 levels decrease on the 13th and 60th days were also statistically significantly more pronounced (compared to the control group). The changes in the rate of decreasing from the baseline on the 13th and 60th days in TNF-α in the BL Group made 44 [-64; -32]% and 85 [-89; -82]%; in the AB Group – 28 [-40; -20]% and 82 [-86; -80]%; in IL-6 in the BL group – 32 [-40; -18]% and 86 [-90; -85]%, in the AB group – 45 [-53; -38]% and 86 [-88; -84]%. In the control group, this parameter for TNF-α was 18 [-32; -8]% and 64 [-78; -56]%, for IL-6 – 11 [-20; -1]% and 75 [-81; -74]%.Conclusion. The addition of immunomodulators (BL, AB) to the therapy of patients with mild CAP results in statistically significant decrease in the blood levels of biomarkers of the acute inflammation phase on the 13th and 60th days.
Detection of tuberculosis and other infections during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kandrychyn S. V. 
Published: May 2021

Based on 12 publications, official data on the detection of cases of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases in England and Wales, Germany and South Korea in 2020 and 2019 were compared. The results indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a decrease in the number of detected cases of all major infectious diseases, and the percentage of reduction in tuberculosis detection is lower versus other infections.
The production, serologic evaluation, and epitope mapping of ten murine monoclonal Dombrock antibodies
Authors: Grodecka M. , Wasniowska K. , Halverson G. , Yazdanbakhsh K. , Reid M.E. , Lisowska E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Dombrock (Do) glycoprotein is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked membrane protein carrying Dombrock blood group antigens. There are no standardized typing reagents for Doaor Dob. We have developed ten different monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that are specific for Dombrock. The objectives of this study were to characterize these MoAbs serologically and determine the epitopes they recognize. MoAbs were generated by standard fusion methods. Mice were immunized with transfected human embryonic kidney 293T cells expressing high levels of Doaor Dob. The MoAbs were tested serologically with untreated and enzymatically or chemically modified red blood cells (RBCs). Serologic inhibition studies were performed with synthetic peptides corresponding to Doaand Dobamino acid sequences. Pepscan epitope analysis was done on an array of immobilized tridecapeptides corresponding to the full-length polypeptide. All ten antibodies were serologically specific for Dombrock. Eight of the antibodies recognized epitopes that were resistant to treatment with ficin, pronase, α-chymotrypsin, and neuraminidase, but sensitive to trypsin and 0.2 M dithiothreitol (DTT). Five have anti-Dob-like specificity. The epitope recognized by MIMA-52 was neuraminidase sensitive, and MIMA-127 epitope recognized a DTT-resistant, linear epitope 90QKNYFRMWQK99of the Dombrock polypeptide. MIMA-127 was the only one of the ten Dombrock MoAbs mapped to a specific sequence of the Dombrock glycoprotein; the other nine MoAbs did not provide a specific peptide binding pattern. The other MoAbs could not be mapped as they most likely recognize nonlinear, conformation-dependent epitopes, as is evident by their sensitivity to reduction of disulfide bonds by DTT. The dependence of some epitopes on antigen glycosylation is also a possibility.
Immunohematology

2012;28:124–9.
Changes over time in mental health symptoms among adolescents in Tampere, Finland
Authors: Knaappila Noora , Marttunen Mauri , Fröjd Sari , Kaltiala Riittakerttu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
Mental health problems are common in adolescence and seeking help for them is becoming more common. Referrals to adolescent mental healthcare have recently increased in Finland.

Objective:
To examine time trends in internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms among Finnish adolescents.

Method:
A time-trend school survey was conducted among 9th graders (15-year-olds) in Tampere, Finland, in three time periods: 2002–03, 2012–13 and 2018–19 (N = 4,162).

Results:
Compared to the period 2002–03, prevalence of externalizing symptoms decreased in the period 2012–13 and further in 2018–19. The prevalence of internalizing symptoms did not change significantly between 2002–03 and 2012–13; however, in 2018–19, depression, social anxiety, general anxiety, poor subjective health, stress symptoms among boys, and poor self-esteem increased compared to earlier time periods. The increases were more marked among girls. However, suicidal ideation did not increase in 2018–19 compared to earlier time periods.

Conclusion:
Whereas the prevalence of externalizing symptoms decreased among Finnish adolescents between 2002–03 and 2018–19, the prevalence of internalizing symptoms increased between 2012–13 and 2018–19. To help to understand the causes of these increases and to prevent internalizing problems, further research on the underlying causes is needed.
Selección de Resistencia y Efectos Subletales de Cipermetrina en la Palomilla Dorso de Diamante (Plutella xylostella L.)
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez José Francisco , Cerna Chávez Ernesto , Beltrán Beache Mariana , Ochoa Fuentes Yisa María , Landeros Flores Jerónimo , Guevara Acevedo Luis Patricio 
Published: May 2021

Plutella xylostella es una importante plaga de cultivos de brassicas en más de 100 países. El principal método de control de P. xylostella se basa en el uso de insecticidas químicos. Sin embargo, esta especie se caracteriza por su rápido desarrollo de resistencia a casi todos los insecticidas. Se ha reportado que la aplicación de concentraciones bajas de insecticidas afecta la fisiología, bioquímica y ecología de los insectos. En este estudio, se realizó una selección de resistencia de cipermetrina durante ocho generaciones de P. xylostella y se determinó la dosis subletal (CL20) de la línea resistente y de la línea susceptible. Posteriormente, la dosis subletal se aplicó a larvas de tercer instar para investigar su efecto en el porcentaje de pupación, peso de pupas, emergencia de adultos en dos generaciones (progenitores y descendientes), así como los tiempos de desarrollo de cada fase de desarrollo de P. xylostella. Se observó una disminución el porcentaje de pupas formadas, adultos emergidos y peso de pupas. Por otro lado, el número de huevos depositados aumentó cuando los individuos fueron expuestos al insecticida. Lo anterior puede ser un factor importante para el manejo y control de esta plaga cuando se presenten problemas de resistencia a cipermetrina.
Intención Emprendedora Académica: un estudio a través de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado
Authors: Terán-Pérez Beatriz M , Valdez Lafarga Cuitláhuac , Miranda Félix Alejandra , Flores Leal Pedro 
Published: May 2021

The study of Entrepreneurial Intention is essential to understand the beginning of the entrepreneurship process. The literature on academic entrepreneurship sustains a shortage of research related to how an individual, in the academic environment, develops the entrepreneurial intention of starting a spin-off. Starting from the Theory of Planned Behavior, the objective of the present study is to analyze the incidence of motivational antecedents (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control) on Academic Entrepreneurial Intention and examine the effect of individual factors (creativity, perceived utility, self-confidence, business experience) and context (business experience, entrepreneurship training, and business environment) in said antecedents.
Method: The data collection was through a survey applied randomly to 172 academics from the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa in various areas of knowledge (technical and social). Data analysis was carried out using the multivariate Structural Equation Model technique, through the Partial Least Squares approach, for which the Smart PLS software was used.
Results: The result of the structural equation model showed that the main antecedent of the academic entrepreneurial intention is the attitude towards entrepreneurship. This, in turn, is influenced by Creativity and Perceived Utility.
Discussion: The research’s structural model allows predictive evidence of unobservable variables that influence entrepreneurial intention’s formation in the academic environment. Also, the findings present practical implications that are useful for university management to promote academic entrepreneurship.
A Case of Papillophlebitis Caused by the Contraceptive Implant in a Healthy Young Woman with Angioid Streaks
Authors: Abusamak Mohammad , Alrawashdeh Hamzeh M. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Papillophlebitis is a rare condition that has a high probability of misdiagnosis due to its puzzling resemblance to common conditions, especially Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) and papillitis.

Methods:
We present an interesting case of a 30-year-old healthy woman with mild CRVO in the right eye associated with ocular pain on upgaze, visual field defect, dyschromatopsia, and desaturation of red color along with initially normal visual acuity, nondetectable relative afferent pupillary defect, and normal foveal reflex. She underwent a subdermal etonogestrel implant (progestin) by a gynecologist two months before presentation. Following the removal of the progestin implant by her gynecologist, we started the patient on intravenous methylprednisolone (500mg daily for 3 days).

Results:
This combination of incomplete features of CRVO and papillitis guide us to the diagnosis of atypical papillophlebitis. The fundi showed a typical appearance of angioid streaks. The association between papillophlebitis and angioid streaks was unclear. After a thorough review of the literature, no correlation was found, indicating that angioid streak is only an incidental finding.

Conclusion:
The patient’s condition improved with systemic steroid administration, and complete visual recovery was noted after one year, despite the presence of macular ischemia and nerve fiber layer atrophic changes on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography.
Prolapsed Hemorrhoids Treatment Options
Authors: Saeed Kamal Ahmad , Faraj Faruq Hassan , Dhahir Hardi Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Hemorrhoids are among the most common complaints worldwide, ranging from painless rectal bleeding to prolapsed hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids can be classified into external and internal types. External hemorrhoids do not need any specific treatment unless they are cause pain, bleed or become thrombosed.
Methods: This study is a prospective study (case series study), approved by ethical committee, conducted on Fifty patients with prolapsed pile, 46 of whom were males and 4 were females and were collected in the span of 2 years from Sulaymaniyah Teaching hospital and Shar hospital. Topical application of mannitol included a gauze soaked with mannitol solution and applied to the prolapsed hemorrhoids.
Results: All the patients presented with prolapsed hemorrhoids, 46 of them were males and 4 of them were females. Most of patients were heavy workers (46%), while students made up (18%), employee (22%), retired (8%) and free workers (6%). The most common clinical presentations were constipation (72%), anal pain (68%), bleeding (50%), itching (14%), discharge (4%) and prolapse only (6%).
Conclusions: Prolapsed hemorrhoid can be managed conservatively by topical application of mannitol as it decreases edema, causing the hemorrhoidal tissue to retract to its position.