bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2-specific Humoral Immune Responses after A Single dose of Inactivated Whole-virus SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients: An Initial Report
Authors: Bruminhent Jackrapong , Boongird Sarinya , Assanatham Montira , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Malathum Kumthorn , Nongnuch Arkom , Phuphuakrat Angsana , Chaumdee Pongsathon , Jirasiritham Sopon , Janphram Chitimaporn , Tossiri Sansanee , Upama Supparat , Sethaudom Chavachol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe presented an initial pilot study report focused on immunogenicity and safety following an inactivated whole-virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination among kidney transplant (KT) recipients. At four weeks after the first dose of vaccine, the level of anti–receptor-binding domain IgG antibody was not significantly different compared to before vaccination in 30 KT recipients (p = 0.45). Moreover, a significant lower mean (95% CI) anti–receptor-binding domain IgG antibody was observed compared to 30 immunocompetent controls (2.4 [95% CI 1.3-3.5] vs. 173.1 [95% CI 88.3-2,457.9] AU/mL, p < 0.001). Mild adverse events included fever (17%) and localized pain at the injection site (14%) were observed after vaccination.
Public Opinion and Sentiment Before and at the Beginning of COVID-19 Vaccinations in Japan: Twitter Analysis
Authors: Niu Qian , Liu Junyu , Kato Masaya , Shinohara Yuki , Matsumura Natsuki , Aoyama Tomoki , Nagai-Tanima Momoko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe pandemic of COVID-19 is causing a crisis in public health, food systems, and employment. Vaccination is considered as one of the most effective ways for containing the pandemic, but widespread vaccine hesitation on social media may curtail uptake progress. Fully comprehending public sentiment towards the COVID-19 vaccine is critical to building confidence on the vaccines and achieving herd immunity, especially in Japan with inadequate vaccine confidence.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the opinion and sentiment towards the COVID-19 vaccine in Japanese tweets, before and at the beginning of large-scale vaccinations.MethodsWe collected 144,101 Japanese tweets containing COVID-19 vaccine-related keywords between August 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021. We visualized the trend of number of tweets and identified the critical events that triggered a surge and provided high-frequency unigram and bigram tokens. Also, we performed sentiment analysis and calculated the correlation of number of tweets and positive/negative sentiments with infection, death, and vaccinated cases. we also used the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model to identify topics of tweets. In addition, we conducted analysis on three vaccine brands (Pfizer/Moderna/AstraZeneca).ResultsDaily number of tweets continued growing and the growth accelerated since the large-scale vaccinations in Japan. The sentiment of around 85% tweets were neutral, and the negative sentiment overwhelmed the positive sentiment in the other tweets. Number of tweets strongly correlated (r≥0.5) with infection/death/vaccinated cases, and the number of negative tweets correlated strongly with the number of infection/death cases but weakened after the first vaccination in Japan. LDA identified three public-concerned topics: vaccine appointment and distribution strategy; Different vaccines development progress and approval status of countries; Side effects and effectiveness against mutated viruses. Among vaccines of the three manufactures, Pfizer won the most attention and Moderna the least.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that negative sentiment towards vaccines dominated than positive sentiment in Japan. Changes in number of tweets and sentiments might be driven by critical events related to the COVID-19 vaccine, and negative sentiment continued increasing when numerous adverse accidents occurred at the beginning of large-scale vaccinations. Under the negative sentiment, the concerns of three vaccine brands remains effectiveness and safety with slight differences. The policymakers should provide more evidence about the effectiveness and safety of vaccines and optimize the process of vaccinations.
All-cause mortality during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in India: Nationally-representative estimates independent of official death registry
Authors: Ramachandran Sabareesh , Malani Anup 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe estimate excess deaths in India during the COVID pandemic using monthly deaths in the sample of a privately-conducted, nationally-representative, large, panel data set. The data set includes roughly 174,000 households (1.2 million members) and spans January 2015 - June 2021. We estimate COVID is associated with 3.36 million (95% CI: 2.08-4.63 million) excess deaths, a 17.3% increase in the all-cause death rate, until April 2021. Excess deaths spike during the peaks of the 2 infection waves in India. The second wave is associated with significantly more excess deaths than the first. The age-pattern of deaths is skewed towards the elderly relative to baseline.
mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness against COVID-19 among Symptomatic Outpatients Aged ≥16 Years in the United States, February – May 2021
Authors: Kim Sara S , Chung Jessie R , Belongia Edward A , McLean Huong Q , King Jennifer P , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Zimmerman Richard K , Balasubramani Goundappa K , Martin Emily T , Monto Arnold S , Lamerato Lois E , Gaglani Manjusha , Smith Michael E , Dunnigan Kayan M , Jackson Michael L , Jackson Lisa A , Tenforde Mark W , Verani Jennifer R , Kobayashi Miwako , Schrag Stephanie , Patel Manish M , Flannery Brendan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvaluations of vaccine effectiveness (VE) are important to monitor as COVID-19 vaccines are introduced in the general population. Research staff enrolled symptomatic participants seeking outpatient medical care for COVID-19-like illness or SARS-CoV-2 testing from a multisite network. VE was evaluated using the test-negative design. Among 236 SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test-positive and 576 test-negative participants aged ≥16 years, VE of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 was 91% (95% CI: 83-95) for full vaccination and 75% (95% CI: 55-87) for partial vaccination. Vaccination was associated with prevention of most COVID-19 cases among people seeking outpatient medical care.
Low uptake of COVID-19 lateral flow testing among university students: a mixed methods evaluation
Authors: French C.E. , Denford S. , Brooks-Pollock E. , Wehling H. , Hickman M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate COVID-19 lateral flow testing (LFT) among asymptomatic university students.Study designMixed methods evaluation of LFT among University of Bristol students.Methodsi) An analysis of testing uptake and exploration of demographic variations in uptake using logistic regression; ii) an online student survey about views on university testing; and iii) qualitative interviews to explore participants’ experiences of testing and subsequent behaviour, analysed using a thematic approach.Results12,391 LFTs were conducted on 8025/36,054 (22.3%) students. Only one in 10 students had the recommended two tests. There were striking demographic disparities in uptake with those from ethnic minority groups having lower uptake (e.g. 3% of Chinese students were tested vs. 30.7% of White students), and variations by level and year of study (ranging from 5.3% to 33.7%), place of residence (29.0% to 35.6%) and faculty (15.2% to 32.8%). Differences persisted in multivariable analyses.A total of 436 students completed the online survey, and twenty in-depth interviews were conducted. Barriers to engagement with testing included a lack of awareness, knowledge and understanding, and concerns about the accuracy and safety. Students understood limitations of LFTs but requested further information about test accuracy. Tests were used to inform behavioural decisions, often in combination with other information, such as the potential for exposure to the virus and perceptions of vulnerability.ConclusionsThe low uptake of testing brings into question the role of mass LFT in university settings. Innovative strategies may be needed to increase LFT uptake among students.
Personal bias in nutrition advice: A survey of healthcare professionals’ recommendations regarding dairy and plant-based dairy alternatives
Authors: Clark Bridget E. , Pope Lizzy , Belarmino Emily H. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the relationship between health professionals’ personal dietary preferences and their professional nutrition advice on dairy and plant-based dairy alternatives.DesignCross sectional web-based survey. Survey examined health professionals’ personal dietary preferences, including milk preference, (plant-based or dairy milk), dietary pattern (vegetarian or omnivore), and if they followed a “plant-based” diet, and examined if they would advise patients to consume dairy and/or plant-based dairy alternatives. Logistic regression models examined if health professionals’ personal dietary preferences were associated with their willingness to recommend either product.SettingSample of U.S. health professionals.ParticipantsNon-probability convenience sampling recruited registered dietitian nutritionists, physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, dentists, dental hygienists, and students in any of these degree programs holding Junior standing and above. 331 respondents completed relevant survey questions and were included in analyses.ResultsMost respondents would recommend dairy (81%) and dairy alternatives (72%) to their patients. Half (49%) reported a preference for plant-based milk, about 40% identified as having a dietary pattern that reduces animal product intake, and about 40% reported following a plant-based dietary pattern. Plant-based milk preference (OR 4.52; 95% CI 2.31 to 8.82,p<0.001) and following a vegetarian dietary pattern (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.27,p=0.019) were associated with greater odds of recommending dairy alternatives to a patient. Plant-based milk preference (OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.35,p<0.001), following a vegetarian dietary pattern (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.82,p=0.009), and following a plant-based dietary pattern (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.76,p=0.005) were associated with lessor odds of recommending dairy to a patient. Dietetics professionals were more likely than all other health professionals to recommend both dairy and dairy alternatives to patients.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals’ nutrition recommendations appear to reflect their personal nutrition habits, despite dairy being an important source of essential nutrients for patients who are willing and able to consume it. Improved nutrition training focusing on evidence-based nutrition recommendations, reducing personal bias in practice, and routinely including registered dietitians on interprofessional healthcare teams may improve the quality of nutrition advice given to U.S. consumers.
Cornering an Ever-Evolving Coronavirus: TATX-03, a fully human synergistic multi-antibody cocktail targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with in vivo efficacy
Authors: Roodink Ilse , van Erp Maartje , Li Andra , Potter Sheila , van Duijnhoven Sander M J , Kuipers Arthur J , Kazemier Bert , van Geffen Ellen , Hemrika Wieger , Berkeveld Bob , Sonnemans Glenn , de Vries Britte S , Boers Bianca , Smits Milou , Meurs Sanne , de Pooter Maaike , Thom Alexandra , Duplantis Barry N , Romijn Roland A , Houser Jeremy , Bath Jennifer , Abdiche Yasmina N 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an ongoing global human health crisis and will likely become endemic, requiring novel sustainable therapeutic strategies. We report on the discovery of a fully human multi-antibody cocktail (TATX-03) targeting diversified non-overlapping epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that suppressed replication-competent viral titers to undetectable levels in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 challenged hamsters upon both prophylactic and therapeutic administration. While monotherapy with two of the individual cocktail components also showed clear in vivo protection, neither recapitulated the efficacy of TATX-03. This synergistic effect was further supported by examining in vivo efficacy of these individual antibodies and corresponding combination therapy at a lower dose. Furthermore, in vitro screenings using VSV-particles pseudo-typed with spike proteins representing the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Alpha, Beta, and Delta showed that TATX-03 maintained its neutralization potency. These results merit further development of TATX-03 as a potential therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection with resistance to mutagenic escape.
Remodeling of ryanodine receptor isoform 1 channel regulates the sweet and umami perception of Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Wang Wenli , Lu Dingqiang , Xu Qiuda , Jin Yulian , Gang Guangchang , Liu Yuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSweet and umami are respectively elicited by sweet/umami receptor on the tongue and palate epithelium. However, the molecular machinery allowing to taste reaction remains incompletely understood. Through a phosphoproteomic approach, we found the key proteins that trigger taste mechanisms based on the phosphorylation cascades. Thereinto, ryanodine receptor isoform 1 (RYR1) was further verified by sensor and behaviors assay. A model proposing RYR1-mediated sweet/umami signaling: RYR1 channel which mediates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum is closed by its dephosphorylation in the bud tissue after umami/sweet treatment. And the alteration of Ca2+ content in the cytosol induces a transient membrane depolarization and generates cell current for taste signaling transduction. We demonstrate that RYR1 is a new channel in regulation of sweet/umami signaling transduction and also propose a “metabolic clock” notion based on sweet/umami sensing. Our study provides a rich fundamental for a system-level understanding of taste perception mechanism.
Expression patterns of Arc mRNA after renewal of appetitive behavior in female rats
Authors: Hilz Emily N , Agee Laura A. , Jun Donyun , Monfils Marie H , Lee Hongjoo J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRenewal of appetitive behavior depends on the gonadal hormonal state of the female rat. In this experiment the effect of female rat estrous cycle stage on renewal of appetitive behaviors is replicated and extended upon to understand how endogenous hormonal states around the estrous cycle drive renewal at the neuronal population level. Estrous cycle stage (i.e., proestrus (P, high hormone) or metestrus/diestrus (M/D, low hormone)) was considered during two important learning and behavioral expression windows: at extinction training and during LTM/renewal testing. First, rats in P during context-dependent extinction training but in some other stage of the estrous cycle during long-term memory and renewal testing (Different) were shown to exhibit more renewal of conditioned foodcup (but not conditioned orienting) behavior compared to rats in other estrous cycle groups. Next, cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity using fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH) was used to examine immediate early gene activity of Arc mRNA in neuronal populations after distinct context-stimulus exposures (i.e., extinction and acquisition test contexts). Arc mRNA expression patterns were examined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, hippocampus (HPC), and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. P-different rats showed differential neuronal population activity in the infralimbic cortex of the PFC, the lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and both CA1 and CA3 regions of the dorsal HPC. In each region P-different rats exhibited more co-expression and less specificity of Arc mRNA compared to other hormonal groups, indicating that renewal of appetitive foodcup behavior induces Arc mRNA in overlapping neuronal populations in female rats.
Early life exposure to high fructose diet induces metabolic dysregulation associated with sex-specific cognitive impairment in adolescent rats
Authors: Barrett Catherine E , Jiang Megan , O’Flaherty Brendan G , Dias Brian , Rainnie Donald G , Young Larry J , Menigoz Aurelie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of adolescent mental health disorders is on the rise. Epidemiological studies suggest that poor nutrition is a significant contributor to this public health crisis, specifically through exposure to high level of dietary sugar, including fructose, during critical periods of development. Previous studies have shown that elevated fructose exposure during adolescence disrupts mental health. Further, it seems that infants display the highest level of exposure to fructose based on nutritional surveys. Despite these data, it is currently unknown how fructose exposure, specifically during infancy, may impact adolescent mental health.MethodsWe developed an experimental protocol in rats to investigate the effects of fructose exposure during infancy on behavioral, cognitive and metabolic endpoints in adolescence. Specifically, rat pups were exposed to fructose from birth until weaning through maternal diet. Metabolic assays, quantitative PCR and behavioral protocols such as open field, elevated O maze and a Go/ No-Go operant task, were used to determine whether high fructose exposure during infancy may set the stage for behavioral and metabolic dysfunction in adolescence.ResultsWe found that exposing rats to high fructose from birth to weaning resulted in higher circulating glucose, insulin and leptin levels in adolescence. High fructose during infancy also increased bodyweight, disrupted metabolic homeostasis in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) as indicated by decreased activity of the cellular energy sensor AMPK, and impaired attention and impulsivity in a male-specific manner. This impaired attention observed in adolescent male rats following neonatal fructose exposure was partially rescued by viral-mediated,in vivoexpression of a constitutively active form of AMPK in principal neurons of the BLA.ConclusionOur results suggest that exposure to high level of fructose during infancy may impact adolescent mental health in a male-specific manner and that manipulation of AMPK activity may mitigate this impact.
Forearm and hand muscles exhibit high coactivation and overlapping of cortical motor representations
Authors: Tardelli Gabriela P. , Souza Victor Hugo , Matsuda Renan H. , Garcia Marco A. C. , Novikov Pavel A. , Nazarova Maria A. , Baffa Oswaldo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost of the motor mapping procedures using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) follow the conventional somatotopic organization of the primary motor cortex (M1) by assessing the representation of a particular target muscle, disregarding the possible coactivation of synergistic muscles. In turn, multiple reports describe a functional organization of the M1 with an overlapping among motor representations acting together to execute movements. In this context, the overlap degree among cortical representations of synergistic hand and forearm muscles remains an open question. This study aimed to evaluate the muscle coactivation and representation overlapping common to the grasping movement and its dependence on the stimulation parameters. The nTMS motor maps were obtained from one carpal muscle and two intrinsic hand muscles during rest. We quantified the overlapping motor maps in size (area and volume overlap degree) and topography (similarity and centroid’s Euclidean distance) parameters. We demonstrated that these muscle representations are highly overlapped and similar in shape. The overlap degrees involving the forearm muscle were significantly higher than only among the intrinsic hand muscles. Moreover, the stimulation intensity had a stronger effect on the size compared to the topography parameters. Our study contributes to a more detailed cortical motor representation towards a synergistic, functional arrangement of M1. Understanding the muscle group coactivation may provide more accurate motor maps when delineating the eloquent brain tissue during pre-surgical planning.
Timing of water limitations affects source to sink differences in δ13C composition in apple
Authors: Kalcsits Lee , Valverdi Nadia , Reid Michelle 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTDeficit irrigation is used to reduce vegetative vigor, increase fruit quality, and conserve water resources. However, physiological responses to deficit irrigation can vary depending on soil and environmental conditions. Although physiological measurements are often made at single points in time, responses are often longer lasting and a measurement that integrates responses over time would have greater value in assessing the effectiveness of deficit irrigation practices. Carbon isotope composition has long been used as a proxy measurement for water-use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and carbon dioxide exchange with the atmosphere and is heavily influenced by water status. Potentially, fruit, leaves, or other tissues could be used as samples for carbon isotope measurements. However, it is not well known how irrigation practices can influence both source and sink tissue carbon isotope composition in perennial systems. Here, we used two experiments to determine how irrigation timing affects both source and sink δ13C at the end of the season. Irrigation limitations were initiated after bloom for either the whole season or for early, middle, or late season and compared to a well-watered control. For both experiments, leaves were poor indicators of irrigation deficit treatments that were applied during the season. There were no significant differences in leaf δ13C between deficit treatments and the control for both experiments. However, all sink tissues including roots and stems in experiment one for both years and for fruits in experiment two for both years were significantly more enriched compared to the well-watered control. Environmental conditions during the season also appeared to influence the magnitude of difference in δ13C between deficit irrigation treatments and the control. These results indicate that the use of sink tissues are more sensitive for measuring signals associated with in-season water deficits. Carbon isotope composition can be an effective proxy to measure efficacy of irrigation treatments at the physiological level.
Functional interactomes of the Ebola virus polymerase identified by proximity proteomics in the context of viral replication
Authors: Fang Jingru , Pietzsch Colette , Tsaprailis George , Crynen Gogce , Cho Kelvin Frank , Ting Alice Y. , Bukreyev Alexander , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Saphire Erica Ollmann 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYEbola virus (EBOV) critically depends on the viral polymerase to replicate and transcribe the viral RNA genome in the cytoplasm of host cells, where cellular factors can antagonize or facilitate the virus life cycle. Here we leveraged proximity proteomics and conducted an siRNA screen to define the functional interactome of EBOV polymerase. As proof-of-principle, we validated two cellular mRNA decay factors from 35 identified host factors: eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit 3a (eRF3a/GSPT1) and up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1). Our data suggest that EBOV can subvert restrictions of cellular mRNA decay and repurpose both GSPT1 and UPF1 to promote viral replication. Treating EBOV-infected human hepatocytes with a drug candidate that targets GSPT1 for degradation significantly reduced viral RNA load and particle production. Our work demonstrates the utility of proximity proteomics to capture the functional host-interactome of the EBOV polymerase and to illuminate host-dependent regulations of viral RNA synthesis.