bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
River connectivity and climate behind the long‐term evolution of tropical American floodplain lakes
Authors: Lopera‐Congote Laura , Salgado Jorge , Isabel Vélez María , Link Andrés , González‐Arango Catalina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents the long‐term evolution of two floodplains lakes (San Juana and Barbacoas) of the Magdalena River in Colombia with varying degree of connectivity to the River and with different responses to climate events (i.e., extreme floods and droughts). Historical limnological changes were identified through a multiproxy‐based reconstruction including diatoms, sedimentation, and sediment geochemistry, while historical climatic changes were derived from the application of the Standardised Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index. The main gradients in climatic and limnological change were assessed via multivariate analysis and generalized additive models. The reconstruction of the more isolated San Juana Lake spanned the last c. 500 years. Between c. 1,620 and 1,750 CE, riverine‐flooded conditions prevailed as indicated by high detrital input, reductive conditions, and dominance of planktonic diatoms. Since the early 1800s, the riverine meander became disconnected, conveying into a marsh‐like environment rich in aerophil diatoms and organic matter. The current lake was then formed around the mid‐1960s with a diverse lake diatom flora including benthic and planktonic diatoms, and more oxygenated waters under a gradual increase in sedimentation and nutrients. The reconstruction for Barbacoas Lake, a waterbody directly connected to the Magdalena River, spanned the last 60 years and showed alternating riverine–wetland–lake conditions in response to varying ENSO conditions. Wet periods were dominated by planktonic and benthic diatoms, while aerophil diatom species prevailed during dry periods; during the two intense ENSO periods of 1987 and 1992, the lake almost desiccated and sedimentation rates spiked. A gradual increase in sedimentation rates post‐2000 suggests that other factors rather than climate are also influencing sediment deposition in the lake. We propose that hydrological connectivity to the Magdalena River is a main factor controlling lake long‐term responses to human pressures, where highly connected lakes respond more acutely to ENSO events while isolated lakes are more sensitive to local land‐use changes.
The effects of released pheasants on invertebrate populations in and around woodland release sites
Authors: Hall Andrew , Sage Rufus A. , Madden Joah R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe release of gamebirds for recreational shooting exerts a series of effects on the ecosystems into which they are placed. Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are omnivorous and eat invertebrates, especially when young or, if females, when breeding. Consequently, the release of large numbers of pheasants into woodland release pens may affect local invertebrate populations. Previous studies have reported mixed evidence. We conducted pitfall trapping at 13 sites (49 pens) in central England over 2 years (totaling 65 pen measures), comprising three surveys annually, immediately prior to releases in mid‐summer, 4 weeks later when most birds were still in the pens, and another 5 weeks later when most birds had dispersed. We compared traps inside and 25 m outside pens in the same wood. We considered release densities and whether the birds had prior experience of eating invertebrates. While accounting for overall seasonal declines in invertebrates trapped, we detected changes for total invertebrate biomass and total counts indicative of released pheasants causing local decreases inside pens, either directly by predation or indirectly by modifying vegetation. There were also relative decreases outside pens when the pheasants start to disperse, suggesting that the released pheasants may be affecting invertebrates in those nearby areas or that their earlier effects inside the pen, modifying vegetation or increasing invertebrate activity, increased the relative susceptibility of invertebrates there to trapping. However, these effects were not seen for specific invertebrate groups believed to be especially susceptible to pheasants. For slugs and detritivores, we detected small population increases inside pens. Across the study period, decreases for most measures were greater outside pens than inside them. We conclude that any effects pheasants have on invertebrate communities at release sites in woodlands are complex and that long‐term and taxon‐specific studies should be considered to understand the local net ecological effects of gamebird releases on invertebrates.
Estimating viral prevalence with data fusion for adaptive two‐phase pooled sampling
Authors: Hoegh Andrew , Peel Alison J. , Madden Wyatt , Ruiz Aravena Manuel , Morris Aaron , Washburne Alex , Plowright Raina K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of efficient sampling strategies and statistical methods for monitoring infection prevalence, both in humans and in reservoir hosts. Pooled testing can be an efficient tool for learning pathogen prevalence in a population. Typically, pooled testing requires a second‐phase retesting procedure to identify infected individuals, but when the goal is solely to learn prevalence in a population, such as a reservoir host, there are more efficient methods for allocating the second‐phase samples.

To estimate pathogen prevalence in a population, this manuscript presents an approach for data fusion with two‐phased testing of pooled samples that allows more efficient estimation of prevalence with less samples than traditional methods. The first phase uses pooled samples to estimate the population prevalence and inform efficient strategies for the second phase. To combine information from both phases, we introduce a Bayesian data fusion procedure that combines pooled samples with individual samples for joint inferences about the population prevalence.

Data fusion procedures result in more efficient estimation of prevalence than traditional procedures that only use individual samples or a single phase of pooled sampling.

The manuscript presents guidance on implementing the first‐phase and second‐phase sampling plans using data fusion. Such methods can be used to assess the risk of pathogen spillover from reservoir hosts to humans, or to track pathogens such as SARS‐CoV‐2 in populations.
Quantifying patch‐specific seed dispersal and local population dynamics to estimate population spread of an endangered plant species
Authors: Zhu Jinlei , Hrušková Karolína , Pánková Hana , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimHabitat loss and fragmentation impose high extinction risk upon endangered plant species globally. For many endangered plant species, as the remnant habitats become smaller and more fragmented, it is vital to estimate the population spread rate of small patches in order to effectively manage and preserve them for potential future range expansion. However, population spread rate has rarely been quantified at the patch level to inform conservation strategies and management decisions. To close this gap, we quantify the patch‐specific seed dispersal and local population dynamics of Minuartia smejkalii, which is a critically endangered plant species endemic in the Czech Republic and is of urgent conservation concern.LocationŽelivka and Hrnčíře, Czechia.MethodsWe conducted demographic analyses using population projection matrices with long‐term demographic data and used an analytic mechanistic dispersal model to simulate seed dispersal. We then used information on local population dynamics and seed dispersal to estimate the population spread rate and compared the relative contributions of seed dispersal and population growth rate to the population spread rate.ResultsWe found that although both seed dispersal and population growth rate in M. smejkalii were critically limited, the population spread rate depended more strongly on the maximal dispersal distance than on the population growth rate.Main conclusionsWe recommend conservationists to largely increase the dispersal distance of M. smejkalii. Generally, efforts made to increase seed dispersal ability could largely raise efficiency and effectiveness of conservation actions for critically endangered plant species.
Regioselective ortho‐Palladation of [2.2]Paracyclophane Scaffolds: Accessing Planar and Central Chiral N,C‐Palladacycles
Authors: Zippel Christoph , Bartholomeyzik Teresa , Friedmann Christian , Nieger Martin , Hassan Zahid , Bräse Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this report, we describe a series of cyclophanyl‐derived mono‐ and binuclear N,C‐palladacycles by regioselective ortho‐palladation of amine‐functionalized [2.2]paracyclophanes. Employing Pd(OAc)2 followed by LiCl and with the subsequent modular treatment of Ph3P, Cy3P, and (Ph2PCH2)2, this strategy allows to prepare stable cyclophanyl‐derived planar and central chiral N,C‐palladacycles in a highly selective manner. The regioselective ortho‐palladation mono‐ and bimetallic product formation was analyzed by detailed spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry and unambiguously confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Statistical damage constitutive model based on self‐consistent Eshelby method for natural gas hydrate sediments
Authors: Wang Feifei , Wang Zizhen , Zhang Di , Wang Zhenqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNatural gas hydrate (NGH) is widely distributed in marine sediments and continental permafrost, which is a promising energy resource. The sustainable and safe exploration and production of NGH requires fully understanding of its mechanical behaviors, which is still a challenge to our community. In this paper, a statistical damage constitutive model named SC‐SDCM is developed for NGH sediments. The NGH sediments are regarded as two phases: the matrix phase of solid mineral grains, pore fluid, and gas, and the inclusion phase of hydrate crystal. The effective elastic parameters of such two‐phase composite are estimated by self‐consistent method (SC) according to the equivalent inclusion principle of micromechanics. The mesoscopic element strength of the NGH sediments is described by the Weibull statistical distribution and the damage theory of composite materials. And then combined with the Drucker‐Prager failure criterion of microelement, the damage constitutive model of NGH sediments is established. The new SC‐SDCM is tested to be reliable and robust by triaxial experimental observations on artificial cores and naturally occurring samples under different confining pressures and hydrate saturations. The SC‐SDCM could properly describe the stiffness, peak strength, and strain softening properties of the NGH sediments. Moreover, the predictions of SC‐SDCM are closest to the experiment observations compared to several published constitutive models, especially for the near‐ and after‐damage stages with relatively high hydrate saturation.
Nonlinear modeling of hydroturbine dynamic characteristics using LSTM neural network with feedback
Authors: Chen Jinbao , Xiao Zhihuai , Liu Dong , Hu Xiao , Ren Gang , Zhang Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNonlinear modeling of the hydroturbine is one of the current research hot spots. The existing nonlinear hydroturbine model lacks “memory capability,” which means that the output of the model is not related to the historical input and output; that is, the model is a description of the static characteristics of the hydroturbine. To address this issue, based on actual operation data, this paper proposes long short‐term memory artificial neural network (LSTMNN) with output feedback to realize real‐time dynamic modeling of hydroturbine. Firstly, the torque characteristic sample data are calculated from the actual operation data, and the operation data of the hydropower unit are converted into the discharge characteristic sample data through hydroturbine test data. Then, by training LSTM neural networks with different feedback orders, the optimal order is got, and at the same time, the superiority of replacing time lag with the output feedback is verified. On this basis, a feedback‐based hydroturbine LSTMNN model is obtained. Finally, the proposed modeling method is compared with standard back‐propagation neural network with output feedback (F‐BPNN), through which the effectiveness and applicability are verified. The results show that: (a) By introducing output feedback, the accuracy of nonlinear hydroturbine model can be increased and the proposed modeling method is better than F‐BPNN; (b) the hydroturbine LSTMNN model can not only describe the static characteristics, but also reflect the real‐time dynamic characteristics; (c) taking the actual operation data of hydroturbine as the sample data source, the proposed modeling method can replace the traditional modeling method and effectively improve the numerical simulation accuracy.
Texture changes during chilled storage of wild and farmed blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) fed different diets
Authors: Castro Pedro Luis , Rincón Laura , Álvarez Blanca , Ginés Rafael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe impact of changes in dietary lipids and protein sources on texture was evaluated on farmed blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) throughout 14 days of ice storage and compared with wild fish. A commercial diet formulated with a high proportion of lipids, and two diets formulated with an important reduction of lipid levels by 60% and adding either plant protein sources (LL diet) or fishmeal (LL + diet) were supplied during growth until commercial size was attained. In the wild fish, the raw fillet hardness was significantly higher than in farmed fish during the entire ice‐storage period. In the farmed fish, an increase of muscle lipid accumulation and change of fiber density were responsible for the variations in texture in the raw fillet. The highest reduction was found in fish fed with diets LL+ and LL. The texture parameters studied on the cooked fillets showed no significant differences, neither attributable to the diets nor to the ice‐storage period.
Association between depressive symptoms and disability in older adults of 12 high Andean communities from Peru
Authors: Valenzuela‐Iglesias Mia F. , Ccama‐Leiva J. Lorena , Urrunaga‐Pastor Diego , Runzer‐Colmenares Fernando M. , Parodi José F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and disability in older adults residing in 12 high Andean communities in Peru.Material and MethodsWe carried out a secondary data analysis of a cross‐sectional study that included older adults (60 years or older) from 12 high Andean communities in Peru from 2013 to 2019. Depressive symptoms were defined as a score of two or more in the abbreviated Geriatric Depression Scale, while disability was defined as a score of less than 95 in the Barthel index. We also included sociodemographic characteristics, medical and personal history, and functional and performance‐based tests. We used crude and adjusted Poisson regression models to evaluate the association of interest and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsWe included 442 older adults with a mean age of 73 ± 6.9 in the analysis; 63.1% (n = 279) were women, and 79.9% (n = 353) had no education or incomplete primary school. 50.9% (n = 225) of the participants had depressive symptoms, and 49.8% (n = 220) had disability. The adjusted Poisson regression model showed that depressive symptoms increased the probability of disability (adjusted PR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.34–2.08; p < 0.001) in older adults living at high altitude.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms was associated with a greater probability of disability in older adults living at high altitude. Longitudinal studies are needed for better understanding of this association in high altitude populations along with timely interventions to reduce the impact of both geriatric syndromes.
A simple permutation‐based test of intermodal correspondence
Authors: Weinstein Sarah M. , Vandekar Simon N. , Adebimpe Azeez , Tapera Tinashe M. , Robert‐Fitzgerald Timothy , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Raznahan Armin , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Alexander‐Bloch Aaron F. , Shinohara Russell T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany key findings in neuroimaging studies involve similarities between brain maps, but statistical methods used to measure these findings have varied. Current state‐of‐the‐art methods involve comparing observed group‐level brain maps (after averaging intensities at each image location across multiple subjects) against spatial null models of these group‐level maps. However, these methods typically make strong and potentially unrealistic statistical assumptions, such as covariance stationarity. To address these issues, in this article we propose using subject‐level data and a classical permutation testing framework to test and assess similarities between brain maps. Our method is comparable to traditional permutation tests in that it involves randomly permuting subjects to generate a null distribution of intermodal correspondence statistics, which we compare to an observed statistic to estimate ap‐value. We apply and compare our method in simulated and real neuroimaging data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We show that our method performs well for detecting relationships between modalities known to be strongly related (cortical thickness and sulcal depth), and it is conservative when an association would not be expected (cortical thickness and activation on then‐back working memory task). Notably, our method is the most flexible and reliable for localizing intermodal relationships within subregions of the brain and allows for generalizable statistical inference.
Long term care insurance with state‐dependent preferences
Authors: De Donder Philippe , Leroux Marie‐Louise 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the demand for Long Term Care (LTC hereafter) insurance in a setting where agents have state‐dependent preferences over both a daily life consumption good and LTC expenditures. We assume that dependency creates a demand for LTC expenditures while decreasing the marginal utility of daily life consumption, for any given consumption level. Agents optimize over their consumption of both goods as well as over the amount of LTC insurance (LTCI). We first show that some agents optimally choose not to insure themselves, while no agent wishes to buy complete insurance, in accordance with the so‐called LTCI puzzle. At equilibrium, the transfer received from the insurer covers only a fraction of the LTC expenditures. The demand for LTCI need not increase with income when preferences are non state‐dependent or insurance is actuarially unfair. Also, preferences have to be state‐dependent with no insurance bought to rationalize the empirical observation of a higher marginal utility at equilibrium when autonomous. Finally, focusing on iso‐elastic preferences, we recover the empirical observation that health/LTC expenditures are not very sensitive to income, and we show that LTCI as a fraction of income should decrease with income and then become nil above a threshold.
FIGO good practice recommendations on the use of pessary for reducing the frequency and improving outcomes of preterm birth
Authors: Grobman William A. , Norman Jane , Jacobsson Bo ,   the FIGO Working Group for Preterm Birth
Published: September 2021

AbstractA pessary is a device made of synthetic material that is placed in the vagina and has been used for prevention of preterm birth. It has been suggested that a potential mechanism of the pessary is alteration of the cervico‐uterine angle to a more posterior position, which reduces cervical compression in women with a singleton pregnancy and a short cervical length. Pessaries should not be used in routine clinical care to reduce the frequency of preterm birth or to improve outcomes (e.g. neonatal outcomes) related to preterm birth. In women with a twin pregnancy—regardless of cervical length—pessaries should not be used in routine clinical care to reduce the frequency of preterm birth or to improve outcomes (e.g. neonatal outcomes) related to preterm birth. Presently there is no sufficient evidence suggesting that pessaries should be used as a standard treatment to prevent preterm birth; their use should be reserved for study populations.
FIGO good practice recommendations on the importance of registry data for monitoring rates and health systems performance in prevention and management of preterm birth
Authors: Frøen J. Frederik , Bianchi Ana , Moller Ann‐Beth , Jacobsson Bo ,   the FIGO Working Group for Preterm Birth
Published: September 2021

AbstractFIGO calls for strengthening of health information systems for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health services, co‐designed with users, to ensure the timely accessibility of actionable high‐quality data for all stakeholders engaged in preventing and managing preterm birth consequences. FIGO calls for strengthening of investments and capacity for implementing digital registries and the continuity of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health services in line with WHO recommendations, and strengthening of the science of implementation and use of registries—from local quality improvement to big data exploration.
FIGO good practice recommendations on modifiable causes of iatrogenic preterm birth
Authors: Valencia Catalina M. , Mol Ben W. , Jacobsson Bo ,   the FIGO Working Group for Preterm Birth
Published: September 2021

AbstractIatrogenic preterm birth is a planned delivery that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation due to maternal and/or fetal causes. However, in some cases, such deliveries also occur with no apparent medical indication. The increasing numbers of iatrogenic preterm deliveries worldwide have led researchers to identify modifiable causes that allow the formulation of preventive strategies that could impact the overall preterm birth rate. The present document contains the FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) Working Group for Preterm Birth recommendations, aiming to reduce the rates of iatrogenic preterm birth based on four of the most common clinical scenarios and issues related to iatrogenic preterm delivery. The working group supports efforts to identify the contribution of iatrogenic preterm delivery to the overall preterm birth rate and encourages health authorities to establish preventive measures accordingly. We encourage care providers to maintain single embryo transfer policies to prevent multiple pregnancies as a substantial contributor of iatrogenic preterm birth. The working group also recommends that efforts to reduce unnecessary cesarean sections must be warranted, and mechanisms to ensure the appropriate time of delivery and strengthening of education and communication processes must be pursued.
The effects of tumor‐derived exosomes on T‐cell function and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hao Yuanyuan , Chen Panpan , Zhang Xuzhao , Shao Yanping , Xu Yang , Qian Wenbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTumor‐derived exosomes (TEXs) are a class of extracellular vesicles which play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. These vesicles have multiple biological functions including promotion of cancer progression and reduction of anti‐tumor immunity. Recently, interaction between TEXs and immune cells are of great interest in cell‐based immunotherapy. Here, we review the effects of TEXs on the survival and functions of T cell subsets, as well as their clinical applications. Unraveling the immunoregulatory function of exosomes allows a better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis for cancer immunotherapy.