bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizing for good: cooperatives striving for equity, justice, and ecological well-being
Authors: Ergene Erim , Ergene Seray 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
A growing body of management research is investigating how organizations can provide solutions to major social and ecological issues. Scholars suggested alternative organizations, in particular those that prioritize community and democratic decision-making, as more effective in engaging with societal challenges. The purpose of this paper is to explore cooperatives and their capacity in addressing them.

Design/methodology/approach
By engaging with the United Nations’ resources and the grand challenges literature in management, the authors first identified the core issues underlying each sustainable development goal. Next, the authors looked for empirical research on cooperatives that engage with those specific social and ecological issues. The authors articulated patterns as to how cooperatives address them and grouped them under five themes. The authors also articulated struggles where cooperatives fall short in fully addressing the issues at hand.

Findings
Based on the analysis, the authors identified five fundamental ways that cooperatives commit to and facilitate addressing challenges: providing economic gains for the many; facilitating access to essential resources; focusing on long-term community well-being; prioritizing ecological well-being; and promoting cooperation and partnership for justice. While most research on cooperatives illustrates these capacities, the authors also noted other studies that show struggles in various areas, most importantly in reducing inequalities.

Originality/value
While there is growing research on grand challenges, the literature has not paid attention to cooperatives and their capacity in tackling them. This paper comprehensively engages with four types of cooperatives and articulates how they facilitate addressing social and ecological issues. The findings contribute to organization design and grand challenges literatures as well as offer implications for broader management research.
AI and hotel employees' coexistence: a helpful tool or a threat to job loss?
Authors: Pericleous Katerina , Liasidou Sotiroula , Dyankov Todor 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe aim of the study is to understand employees’ feelings towards artificial intelligence (AI) in relation to their job performance and productivity, as well as their opinion of the risk of being displaced by AI.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a self-administered questionnaire targeting hotel employees. The results were analysed through exploratory factor analysis to validate constructs and test hypotheses.FindingsIn particular, the results of the study indicate employees’ insecurity of job losses when it comes to incorporating AI applications into operational processes. However, it is crucial for employees to understand that embracing AI can boost job productivity, thereby enhancing employee and guest satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study is original because it examines a new topic, concerning AI in hotels and evaluates how hotel employees perceive it in relation to their job security.
Plant species loss reduces rare soil microbes through diversity effects amplified by multitrophic interactions
Authors: Li Jie , Wei Yanan , Lv Ruixue , Liu Weixing , Niu Kechang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Evidence is mounting that plant diversity loss erodes ecosystem function by altering biochemical processes regulated by diverse organisms both above‐ground and below‐ground. However, we know little about how loss of plant diversity influences soil biodiversity, especially whether loss of ecologically rare and/or functionally distinctive plants leads to reduction in rare soil microbes associated with soil multifunctionality.

In species‐rich alpine meadow communities on the Tibetan Plateau, we conducted a 12‐year plant species removal experiment to reveal the effects on soil biodiversity of losing many ecologically rare and functionally distinctive forbs versus the loss of the few dominant sedges and several common species.

We found that the removal of rare forbs, rather than dominant species and common plants, significantly decreased the richness of soil bacteria and fungi by decreasing rare microbial taxa in later years. This decline in the richness of rare microbial taxa was attributable not only to the decreased plant species richness but also to the increased abundance of fungivorous and omnivorous nematodes.

Synthesis. The study revealed that the loss of rare plants induces the loss of rare soil microbes through plant diversity effects amplified by below‐ground multitrophic interactions. Loss of rare soil microbes triggers larger shifts in the microbial community that alter soil biodiversity, food web structure and community functioning.
Regenerative Agriculture and Climate Protection – High Expectations, Low Delivery
Authors: Zimmer Yelto , Lammel Joachim , Theuvsen Ludwig , Ward Barry 
Published: February 2025

SummaryRegenerative agriculture has gained attention for its potential to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crop production and improve farm profitability through practices like cover cropping and reduced tillage. However, empirical data suggest that the carbon storage potential and economic benefits of these methods are often overstated. Research shows that the capacity of these practices to sequester carbon is limited. Furthermore, under challenging climatic conditions, these techniques can even reduce crop yields.The paper demonstrates that economic benefits are often based on assumptions that do not account for challenges, such as the limited feasibility of cover crops in certain cropping systems and exaggerated savings from reduced inputs. Moreover, the potential for ‘leakage’ – where lower yields lead to land conversion and emissions elsewhere – raises further concerns about the effectiveness of the concept.A more promising approach lies in improving nitrogen‐use efficiency, which addresses the major source of GHG emissions from crop production while reducing input costs and improving productivity. Unlike regenerative practices that often depend on subsidies, improving nitrogen use efficiency offers stable, measurable results without yield penalties or the need for continuous financial compensation of growers. This ensures long‐term sustainability and climate benefits, making it a more promising strategy.
Sperm Transfer Under Behavioral and Morphological Constraints in the Orb‐Web Spider Genus Argiope
Authors: Dharmarathne Chathuranga , McLean Donald J. , Michalik Peter , Herberstein M. E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSperm transfer constraints are common phenomena in spider mating systems, influenced by both behavioral and morphological factors. Non‐motile, encapsulated sperm cells must navigate through narrow male and female ducts during short (only seconds) copulations, all while under the pressure of female aggression, which can include sexual cannibalism and genital damage. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of male and female internal genital morphology on sperm transfer. In this study, we quantify the number of sperm transferred by males in five species of the genus Argiope as a direct measure of reproductive success. We explore sperm transfer in relation to copulation duration, sperm availability, sexual dimorphism, and female aggression. Additionally, we compare intra‐ and interspecific variation in sperm transfer by examining internal male and female genital morphological traits. Finally, we discuss the allometry of internal genital morphology in terms of sperm transfer in spiders. Our findings indicate that the occurrence of sexual cannibalism is the significant factor impacting sperm transfer in the genus Argiope. We observed a positive, albeit non‐significant, correlation between sperm duct width and sperm transfer. Nonetheless, interspecific variability in allometry and methodological challenges underscore the need for continued research to fully understand the complexities of internal genital evolution in spiders.
Non‐Streptomyces endophytic actinomycetes from Bromus auleticus as a potential biocontrol tool for biotic stress alleviation and plant growth promotion
Authors: Mónica Ivana Florencia Della , Querejeta Giselle , Iannone Leopoldo J. , Novas M. Victoria , Scervino J. Martin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPlant pathogens can cause significant losses in plant production. To address this issue, it is crucial to develop innovative technologies that promote sustainability in production. One potential solution is the use of plant growth‐promoting microorganisms, particularly those with biocontrol properties. In this study, root‐endophytic actinomycetes isolated from Bromus auleticus, a South American forage grass, were investigated. Their ability to promote plant growth and their biocontrol activity against fungal phytopathogens were analysed. The actinomycetes were characterised molecularly, morphologically, and physiologically. Their ability to solubilise P, fixate N2, produce phytohormones, nitrate, siderophores, phenazines and lytic enzymes was assessed. Both in vitro dual‐antagonistic and in vivo biocontrol assays were performed. The strains were identified as species of the Micromonospora and Microbispora genus. They were able to produce auxins, solubilise phosphorus and release lytic enzymes, and nitrate. In vitro, both species of Micromonospora aff. halotolerans reduced the growth of fungal phytopathogens by 12%–34%. In particular, the strain Micromonospora aff. halotolerans TWB21 was found to reduce the pre‐emergence effects of Fusarium oxysporum growth when the actinomycete was inoculated by seed immersion. Moreover, this strain improved the seed emergence, plant establishment and plant growth parameters under biotic stress. These results remark the importance of endophytic actinomycetes with biocontrol and plant growth‐promoting abilities in enhancing their host establishment and biomass production. This reinforces the idea that Micromonospora strains could be applied as biocontrol agents on grasses with agronomic interest.
Activated mTOR Signaling in the RPE Drives EMT, Autophagy, and Metabolic Disruption, Resulting in AMD‐Like Pathology in Mice
Authors: Chowdhury Olivia , Bammidi Sridhar , Gautam Pooja , Babu Vishnu Suresh , Liu Haitao , Shang Peng , Xin Ying , Mahally Emma , Nemani Mihir , Koontz Victoria , Lathrop Kira , Kedziora Katarzyna M. , Franks Jonathan , Sun Ming , Smith Joshua W. , DeVine Lauren R. , Cole Robert N. , Stepicheva Nadezda , Strizhakova Anastasia , Chattopadhyay Sreya , Hose Stacey , Zigler Jacob Samuel , Sahel José‐Alain , Qian Jiang , Guha Prasun , Handa James T. , Ghosh Sayan , Sinha Debasish 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) are crucial for various physiological functions. Although the role of mTORC1 in retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) homeostasis and age–related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis is established, the function of mTORC2 remains unclear. We investigated both complexes in RPE health and disease. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to demonstrate that the specific overexpression of mammalian lethal with Sec13 protein 8 (mLST8) in the mouse RPE activates both mTORC1 and mTORC2, inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like changes and subretinal/RPE deposits resembling early AMD‐like pathogenesis. Aging in these mice leads to RPE degeneration, causing retinal damage, impaired debris clearance, and metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of mTOR with TORIN1 in vitro or βA3/A1‐crystallin in vivo normalized mTORC1/2 activity and restored function, revealing a novel role for the mTOR complexes in regulating RPE function, impacting retinal health and disease.
Causes of and risk factors for unplanned readmission in a large cohort of patients undergoing major surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Evans Kirstie , Makar Tim , Larsen Tom , Banerjee Rudranil , Tran Hai , Miles Lachlan F. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryIntroductionUnplanned hospital readmissions after surgery are substantial drivers of expenditure and bed occupancy within the healthcare system. As a result, any targeted interventions that reduce readmission in this population can have a significant impact on patient well‐being and the health budget.MethodsWe performed a large retrospective cohort study analysing data from patients from our institution who underwent major surgery between 1 May 2011 and 1 February 2022. We aimed primarily to study the epidemiology of patients who were readmitted within 90 days of discharge following an index procedure, as well as the reason(s) and risk factors for readmission. These complex, non‐linear relationships were modelled with restricted cubic splines.ResultsWe identified 22,143 patients undergoing major surgery within the defined study period, of whom 1801 (12%) had an unplanned readmission. The most common reason for unplanned readmission across the entire cohort was wound complication, which was the primary cause identified in 232 (11%) readmissions. Ileus or small bowel obstruction was the primary cause of readmission identified following abdominal surgery, compared with pneumonia following thoracic surgery, mechanical injury following orthopaedic surgery and wound complication following cardiac surgery. A discharge haemoglobin concentration of < 100 g.l‐1 (p < 0.001), duration of hospital stay of 14–30 days (p < 0.001) and Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 2 (p < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of unplanned readmission. No association was found with patient age or duration of surgery.DiscussionOur study identified the causes of readmission after major surgery from a range of surgical specialties. An improved understanding of the causes of and risk factors for unplanned readmissions will enable the development of targeted interventions that can minimise the burden of unplanned readmissions after major surgery on patients and the larger healthcare system.
Genomic investigations of successful invasions: the picture emerging from recent studies
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Joanna , Fijarczyk Anna , Porth Ilga , Robakowski Piotr , Vella Noel , Vella Adriana , Kloch Agnieszka , Biedrzycka Aleksandra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInvasion biology aims to identify traits and mechanisms that contribute to successful invasions, while also providing general insights into the mechanisms underlying population expansion and adaptation to rapid climate and habitat changes. Certain phenotypic attributes have been linked to successful invasions, and the role of genetics has been critical in understanding adaptation of invasive species. Nevertheless, a comprehensive summary evaluating the most common evolutionary mechanisms associated with successful invasions across species and environments is still lacking. Here we present a systematic review of studies since 2015 that have applied genomic tools to investigate mechanisms of successful invasions across different organisms. We examine demographic patterns such as changes in genomic diversity at the population level, the presence of genetic bottlenecks and gene flow in the invasive range. We review mechanisms of adaptation such as selection from standing genetic variation and de novo mutations, hybridisation and introgression, all of which can have an impact on invasion success. This comprehensive review of recent articles on the genomic diversity of invasive species led to the creation of a searchable database to provide researchers with an accessible resource. Analysis of this database allowed quantitative assessment of demographic and adaptive mechanisms acting in invasive species. A predominant role of admixture in increasing levels of genetic diversity enabling molecular adaptation in novel habitats is the most important finding of our study. The “genetic paradox” of invasive species was not validated in genomic data across species and ecosystems. Even though the presence of genetic drift and bottlenecks is commonly reported upon invasion, a large reduction in genomic diversity is rarely observed. Any decrease in genetic diversity is often relatively mild and almost always restored via gene flow between different invasive populations. The fact that loci under selection are frequently detected suggests that adaptation to novel habitats on a molecular level is not hindered. The above findings are confirmed herein for the first time in a semi‐quantitative manner by molecular data. We also point to gaps and potential improvements in the design of studies of mechanisms driving rapid molecular adaptation in invasive populations. These include the scarcity of comprehensive studies that include sampling from multiple native and invasive populations, identification of invasion sources, longitudinal population sampling, and the integration of fitness measures into genomic analyses. We also note that the potential of whole genome studies is often not exploited fully in predicting invasive potential. Comparative genomic studies identifying genome features promoting invasions are underrepresented despite their potential for use as a tool in invasive species control.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Target Engagement of a Novel Brain Penetrant RIPK1 Inhibitor (SIR9900) in Healthy Adults and Elderly Participants
Authors: Gonen Ofer Michael , Porter Tim , Wang Buwei , Xue Fenchao , Ma Yongfen , Song Linan , Sun Pei , Fan Weiliang , Shen Yang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReceptor‐interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) regulates inflammatory signaling and induces apoptosis and necroptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of neurodegenerative, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. SIR9900 is a potent and selective novel small molecule RIPK1 inhibitor. This first‐in‐human, phase I, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single (3–200 mg) and multiple (3–60 mg daily for 10 days) ascending oral doses of SIR9900 in healthy adult (18–64 years, n = 80) and elderly participants (≥ 65 years, multiple doses 30 mg, n = 8). The study included a food effect component. Overall, SIR9900 was safe and well tolerated with no concerning dose‐dependent trends in safety observed. SIR9900 was rapidly absorbed with a plasma maximum concentration time (Tmax) of 3.0–4.0 h and plasma half‐life (t1/2) of 31.92–37.75 h following single doses. Similar Tmax and t1/2 results were observed following multiple doses. Systemic exposure to SIR9900 increased in a dose‐proportional manner and was similar between adult and elderly participants. No appreciable food effect was observed. The cerebrospinal fluid to unbound plasma ratio was 1.15. A robust pharmacodynamic effect was demonstrated with approximately 90% peripheral target engagement at 3 h post‐dose, and sustained RIPK1 inhibition over the 10‐day treatment period. The promising safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profile of SIR9900 with central nervous system penetrating potential in healthy adult and elderly participants supports its further clinical development in patients with inflammatory and degenerative diseases, particularly in the central nervous system.
Perceptions of Educational Community Members: Deployment of a University Health Promotion Policy
Authors: Castillo‐Rosales Mónica , Araya‐Piñones Angelo , Brito Irma , Brunherotti Marisa Afonso de Andrade , Alfaro‐Navarro Verónica , Van Niekerk Bakit Nicolas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUniversities have been the focus of numerous studies on health promotion initiatives, mainly centred on results that determine outcomes and impacts. This study explores the perceptions of various community members regarding implementing the university health promotion policy. We employed qualitative methods (case study); semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted at a Chilean university to gather data based on both inductive and deductive analyses. A comprehensive schema of students', professors' and administrative/technical staff's perceptions was established. We found a generally positive assessment of the policy and its promotion of healthy lifestyle environments. However, participation within the university community was uneven, with each group identifying different barriers to increased involvement: high academic workloads (students), research and administrative responsibilities (professors), and limited availability of health and wellness‐promoting activities (administrative/technical staff). The findings suggest that future educational health initiatives should incorporate health indicators into management practices, enhance wellness literacy and empower community members to foster greater engagement. From a methodology perspective, study design enables the replication of health policy or program deployment in educational community health settings.
The joys and jitters of high‐temperature calorimetry
Authors: Scharrer Manuel , Bonatti Laura , Geraci Tullio , Ushakov Sergey V. , Majzlan Juraj , Bustamante Michael , Kojitani Hiroshi , Guo Xiaofeng , Xu Hongwu , Zhang Lei , Lilova Kristina , Hayun Shmuel , Subramani Tamilarasan , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh‐temperature calorimetry (HTC) originated in the 20th century as a niche method to enable measurements not easily accomplished with acid solution calorimetry, combustion calorimetry, vapor pressure, or EMF methods. Over time, HTC has evolved into a versatile approach to accurately quantify formation, phase transition, surface and interfacial enthalpies of a wide range of materials including minerals and refractory inorganic compounds. This evolution has been the result of numerous adjustments to experimental setups and procedures, followed by rigorous testing. The commercial availability and the scientific success of this technique have led to an increase in the number of laboratories applying HTC. However, the knowledge acquired by researchers over the past 70 years is scattered throughout the literature or only available as laboratory internal documentation and personal experience. This publication is a collaborative effort among several leading HTC laboratories to summarize and unify current state‐of‐the‐art HTC techniques and procedures. The text starts by summarizing various HT techniques that are commonly used for readers with an interest in HTC in general. It is then directed toward HTC users and includes a brief section on data evaluation procedures as well as a comprehensive compilation of reference data utilizing molten sodium molybdate and lead borate solvents. Finally, for experienced HTC users, an in‐depth discussion of some common difficulties and a discussion of uncertainties are presented.