bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of Isolation and Extraction of Anthocyanin’s from Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: Literature Review
Authors: Shastri Aarti , Koparde Ved , Kulkarni Pushkar , Bagad Suyash , Joshi Surabhi , Sawant Dipali 
Published: November 2021

The classic method for extracting anthocyanins from plant tissues is the same as for other phenolics: the tissues are soaked and then extracted with a solvent in a process known as Solid Liquid Extraction. Modern approaches to anthocyanins extraction include;Supercritical fluid extraction, Ultrasound-assisted extraction, Pressurized liquid extraction, Microwave-assisted extraction, Ohmic heating-assisted extraction, Precipitation, and Solid phase extraction. The aim of this article is to review the methods used for Anthocyanins extraction from Hibiscus Sabdariffa.The study for the same has been done at Charak’s Pharmacognosy Laboratory, MIT-WPU School of Pharmacy, Pune. Usually, modern methods seem to have an edge againsttraditional methods in extraction procedures. This article discusses these methodsand tries to identify if it is the case in the case of anthocyanins extraction from Hibiscus sabdariffa L.while individually commenting on the method’s advantages or disadvantages too.
Farmers’ Perception and Access to Mechanization in Maize Production in Kamwenge District, Western Uganda
Authors: Hillary Natumanya , Kalibwani R. , Ssemakula E. 
Published: November 2021

Farm mechanization has been an important aspect in bringing out a significant improvement in agricultural productivity. In Uganda, mechanization acts as a backbone of the present agricultural systems across the country. Despite its recognized role towards agriculture, farmers still perceive its use and need differently mainly in terms of hire costs, traditional culture, size and topography of land, availability and social status. The study was examining farmers’ perceptions towards mechanization in maize production in Kanara sub-county in Kamwenge district. The objectives were to: determine farmers’ perceptions on the usefulness of mechanization on maize production, determine the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and farmers’ perception of mechanization, identify the factors limiting the use of agricultural mechanization among maize farmers, and to establish how best agricultural mechanization could be promoted for sustainable production.
The study employed a cross-sectional survey design engaging both qualitative and quantitative approaches for data collection and analysis. Information was gathered from 362 respondents using questionnaire and interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. Farmers’ perceived mechanization to perform more work than humans, reliable, time saving, and accessible and high work accomplishment rate. Farmer perceptions were influenced by socio-economic characteristics for example; age, land size, gender, income level/status, employment status, type of land owned and availability of labor.
The study identified the challenges associated with the use of agricultural mechanization such as; less access to mechanization information significant at 5%, land ownership type at 0.03 (5%), household size 0.03 (5%), access to credit 0.04 (5%), years in maize farming at 0.05 (5%), availability and access to implements at 0.09, high costs of hire at 0.02 (1%), slope of the land at 0.07, and fuel costs at 0.00 (1%). These would be solved by extending credit services to the farmers, community capacity building, awareness creation, group formation, promoting mechanization as part of production, establishing contract farming schemes, increasing investment in agricultural mechanization, training and education and forming public–private partnerships. The study concluded that farmers had varying perceptions about agricultural mechanization which depended mainly on socio-economic factors. It recommended the need to promote rural-urban migration as this could create more land and encourage farmers to adopt mechanization since it may create more land reserve.
Cell Chirality as a Novel Measure for Cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Haokang , Wan Leo Q. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCytotoxicity assessment has great importance in both research and pharmaceutical development. The mainstream in vitro cytotoxicity assays are mostly biochemical assays that evaluate a specific cellular activity such as proliferation and apoptosis. Few assays assess toxicity by characterizing overall functional outcomes in cellular physiology such as multicellular morphogenesis. The intrinsic cellular chiral bias (also known as cell chirality, left‐right asymmetry, or handedness), which determines cellular polarization along the left‐right axis, is demonstrated to play important roles in development and disease. This chiral property of cells gives insights not only into functions of individual cells, such as motility and polarity but also into emerging behaviors of cell clusters, such as collective cell migration. Therefore, cell chirality characterization can be potentially used as a biomarker for assessing the overall effects of pharmaceutical drugs and environmental factors on the health of the cell. In this review article, the current in vitro techniques for cell chirality characterization and their applications are discussed and the advantages and limitations of these cell chirality assays as potential tools for detecting cytotoxicity are discussed.
Supramolecular Hydrogel with Orthogonally Responsive R/G/B Fluorophores Enables Multi‐Color Switchable Biomimetic Soft Skins
Authors: Liu Hao , Wei Shuxin , Qiu Huiyu , Si Muqing , Lin Guoqing , Lei Zhenkuang , Lu Wei , Zhou Lei , Chen Tao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany living creatures have evolved to show diverse appearance color changes in response to multiple environmental stimuli for attraction, warning, or disguise in their environments. However, it is challenging to construct artificial soft polymer hydrogels with similar multi‐responsive multicolor tunable behaviors, but such materials can serve as soft biomimetic skins to dramatically enhance the function of certain machines. Herein, a specially designed material structure to present an innovative class of supramolecular fluorescent polymeric hydrogels with the integrated properties of wide multi‐color tunability, multi‐responsiveness, self‐healing, and remolding capacities is proposed. A key feature of this rational hydrogel design is that multiple fluorophores (blue (B) aggregation‐induced emissive and red/green (R/G) lanthanide coordinated ones) are organized separately into different polymer chains of one single supramolecular polymer network. Consequently, the B and R/G fluorophores are engineered to be orthogonally responsive, and the fluorescence intensity of each fluorophore can be controlled independently by different external stimuli, which contribute to multi‐responsive multicolor fluorescence response. Besides, the hydrogels also have satisfying self‐healing and remolding capacities. All of these promising advantages together further enabled the construction of soft biomimetic color‐changing skins that can help the existing robots achieve the desirable camouflaging function.
Probing Relaxation Dynamics and Stepped Domain Switching in Boron‐Alloyed VO2
Authors: Bradicich Adelaide , Clarke Heidi , Braham Erick J. , Yano Aliya , Sellers Diane , Banerjee Sarbajit , Shamberger Patrick J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe characteristic metal–insulator phase transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide results in nonlinear electrical transport behavior, allowing VO2 devices to imitate the complex functions of neurological behavior. Chemical doping is an established method for varying the properties of the MIT, and interstitial dopant boron has been shown to generate a unique dynamic relaxation effect in individual B‐VO2 particles. This paper describes the first demonstration of an electrically stimulated B‐VO2 proto‐device which manifests a time‐dependent critical transformation temperature and switching voltage derived from the coupling of dopant diffusion dynamics and the metal–insulator transition of VO2. During quasi‐steady current‐driven transitions, the electrical responses of B‐VO2 proto‐devices show a step‐by‐step progression through the phase transformation, evidencing domain transformations within individual particles. The dynamic relaxation effect is shown to increase the critical switching voltage by up to 41% (ΔVcrit = 0.13 V) and also to increase the resistivity of the M1 phase of B‐VO2 by 14%, imbuing a memristive response derived from intrinsic material properties. These observations demonstrate the dynamic relaxation effect in B‐VO2 proto‐devices whose electrical transport responses can be adjusted by electronic phase transitions triggered by temperature but also by time as a result of intrinsic dynamics of interstitial dopants.
Population balance modeling of polyurethane foam formation with pressure‐dependent growth kernel
Authors: Ortiz Weston , Mondy Lisa , Roberts Christine , Rao Rekha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolyurethane foams are widely used materials often chosen for their useful characteristics such as low thermal conductivity, ease of application, and high strength‐to‐weight ratios. Computational models are needed to predict the dynamics of the flow and expansion, and the resulting material properties, to improve manufacturing processes. In this paper, a model for PMDI, a water‐blown polyurethane foam, is presented. By extending a kinetics‐based approach by adding bubble‐scale information via a population balance equation (PBE) using the quadrature method of moments, we can track bubble size distributions during foaming. We present results from a three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics model using arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian interface tracking implemented in finite element software. The model compares favorably with experimental data, including dynamics, bubble distributions measured by both camera and diffusion wave spectroscopy, and post‐test bubble size from scanning electron microscopy and density measurements from x‐ray computed tomography.
Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Cao Xin‐xin , Duan Ming‐hui , Zhao Ai‐lin , Cai Hao , Chen Jia , Gao Xue‐min , Liu Ting , Cai Hua‐cong , Zhang Lu , Sun Jian , Liang Zhi‐yong , Zhou Dao‐bin , Li Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdult Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) remains poorly defined. We retrospectively studied 266 newly diagnosed LCH patients to understand the clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of adult LCH. The median age at diagnosis was 32 years (range, 18–79 years). At the time of diagnosis, 40 patients had single lesions within a single system, 18 patients had single pulmonary LCH, 26 patients had multiple lesions within a single system (SS‐m), and 182 patients had multisystem disease (MS). The most common organ involved in MS patients was the bone (69.8%), followed by the pituitary (61.5%) and lung (61.0%). BRAFV600E, BRAF deletion, and MAP2K1 mutation were detected in 38.8%, 25.4%, and 19.4% patients, respectively. BRAF deletion was found more common in patients with MS LCH compared to single‐system LCH (38.5% vs 7.1%, p = .004), also in patients with liver involvement (69.2% vs 14.3%, p < .001). The estimated 3‐year overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) rates were 94.4% and 54.7%, respectively, in SS‐m and MS LCH. Multivariate Cox regression showed that involvement of the liver or spleen at baseline predicted poor EFS and receiving cytarabine‐based therapy as a first‐line treatment and age older than 30 years at diagnosis predicted favorable EFS. The involvement of risk organs and age older than 50 years predicted poor OS, and receiving cytarabine‐based therapy predicted favorable OS. Therefore, BRAF deletion was correlated with MS LCH, particularly those with liver involvement. Liver or spleen involvement at baseline indicates a poor prognosis, and a cytarabine‐based regimen could be considered as first‐line treatment for adult LCH patients.
Catalyst‐Dependent Rate‐Determining Steps in Regiodivergent Vinylogous Aza‐Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reactions with N‐Ts Imines
Authors: Gondo Naruhiro , Hyakutake Ryuichi , Fujimura Koki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Nakano Katsuhiko , Tsutsumi Ryosuke , Yamanaka Masahiro , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCatalyst‐controlled vinylogous aza‐MBH reactions of vinylcyclopentenone were performed, and it was found that the α‐adducts were exclusively obtained by DABCO‐catalysis, while the γ‐adducts were the major products by DMAP‐catalysis. We report here that the rate‐determining step of the DABCO‐catalyzed α‐selective reactions is the Mannich‐type C−C bond forming step, while that of the DMAP‐catalyzed γ‐selective reactions seems to be the β‐elimination step.
Recent Advances in Benzocyclobutene Chemistry
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Lahiri Kakali , Tangella Yellaiah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe benzocyclobutene (BCB) moiety is present in several bioactive natural products and medicinally interesting molecules. BCB is also a valuable synthon for building a variety of polymers by the virtue of its propensity to undergo polymerization. The research on BCB chemistry has grown in the last few decades due to its unique applications in various fields of science. In this review, we have included various methods for the preparation of BCBs and highlighted their applications in the construction of diverse complex structural frameworks. We believe that this review will be useful to synthetic chemists and polymer scientists, and we anticipate several new applications will emerge in this promising area.
Entropy Versus Enthalpy Controlled Temperature/Redox Dual‐Triggered Cages for Selective Anion Encapsulation and Release
Authors: Hamashima Kyosuke , Yuasa Junpei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNew C3‐symmetric imidazole ligands were designed with phosphine and phosphine oxide linkers (LP and LPO, respectively) to demonstrate a dual‐triggered dynamic closed coordination cage. Both LP and LPO form discrete Zn4L4‐closed cages (1P and 1PO, respectively) with excellent selectively for BPh4−, whereas 1P and 1PO encapsulate neither a slightly larger size anion [B(C6H4CH3)4−] nor smaller size anions (BF4−, PF6−, SbF6−, and OSO2CF3−). 1PO exhibits more negative enthalpy and entropy changes upon anion encapsulation, thus releasing almost all of the encapsulated anions at high temperature (343 K) (trigger 1: BPh4−⊂1PO
1PO+BPh4−). In contrast 1P has less negative enthalpy and entropy changes, thus preserving the captured anion over a wide range of temperatures (298 K to 343 K). The 1P cage can be quantitatively oxidized to the 1PO cage by a mild oxidant (Ox.=H2O2), and therefore the captured anion can be released by a redox triggering event (trigger 2: BPh4−⊂1P+Ox.→1PO+BPh4−).
Single‐Bonded Cubic AsN from High‐Pressure and High‐Temperature Chemical Reactivity of Arsenic and Nitrogen
Authors: Ceppatelli Matteo , Scelta Demetrio , Serrano‐Ruiz Manuel , Dziubek Kamil , Morana Marta , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Garbarino Gaston , Poręba Tomasz , Mezouar Mohamed , Peruzzini Maurizio , Bini Roberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChemical reactivity between As and N2, leading to the synthesis of crystalline arsenic nitride, is here reported under high pressure and high temperature conditions generated by laser heating in a diamond anvil cell. Single‐crystal synchrotron X‐ray diffraction at different pressures between 30 and 40 GPa provides evidence for the synthesis of a covalent compound of AsN stoichiometry, crystallizing in a cubic P213 space group, in which each of the two elements is single‐bonded to three atoms of the other and hosts an electron lone pair, in a tetrahedral anisotropic coordination. The identification of characteristic structural motifs highlights the key role played by the directional repulsive interactions between non‐bonding electron lone pairs in the formation of the AsN structure. Additional data indicate the existence of AsN at room temperature from 9.8 up to 50 GPa. Implications concern fundamental aspects of pnictogens chemistry and the synthesis of innovative advanced materials.
Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative activity of certain novel pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines with potential p38α MAPK‐inhibitory activity
Authors: Farahat Aya A. , Samir Eman M. , Zaki Mayssoune Y. , Serya Rabah A. T. , Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNovel series of pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines 9a–j and 14a–f were prepared via a one‐pot three‐component reaction. Compounds 9a–j were synthesized by the reaction of 3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)−1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine (4) with benzoyl acetonitriles 3a,b and aldehydes 5a–e, whereas the spiro derivatives 14a–f were synthesized by the reaction of pyrazole derivative 4 with 3a–c and indoline‐2,3‐diones 10a,b. Screening of the antiproliferative activity of 9a–j and 14a–f revealed that 14a and 14d were the most potent analogues against HepG2 and HeLa cells, with IC50 = 4.2 and 5.9 μM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 9c and 14a could promote cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis in HepG2 cells, as evidenced by DNA flow cytometry and Annexin V‐FITC/PI assays. Cell cycle analysis of 9c and 14a indicated a reduction in HepG2 cells in the G1 phase, with arrest in the S phase and the G2/M phase, respectively. Also, 9c and 14a are good apoptotic inducers in the HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, compounds 9h and 14d stood out as the most efficient antiproliferative agents in the NCI 60‐cell line panel screening, with mean GI % equal to 60.3% and 55.4%, respectively. Additionally, 9c, 9h, 14a, and 14d showed good inhibitory action against the cellular pathway regulator p38α kinase, with IC50 = 0.42, 0.41, 0.13, and 0.64 μM, respectively. A docking study was carried out on the p38α kinase active site, showing a binding mode comparable to that of reported p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitors. These newly discovered pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines could be considered as potential candidates for the development of newly targeted anticancer agents.
Fuel economy‐oriented trajectory tracking control strategy for plug‐in hybrid electric buses
Authors: Shangguan Jinyong , Yue Ming , Fang Chao , Guo Lie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost of the existing trajectory tracking control strategies for vehicles aim at achieving high tracking accuracy but ignore energy consumption and road geometry. This paper proposes a fuel economy‐oriented trajectory tracking control strategy for plug‐in hybrid electric buses to improve fuel economy while ensuring tracking accuracy under different road geometries in the real world. First, a reference trajectory is reconstructed for trajectory tracking control to simulate the road geometry in real world. Next, a tracking controller based on model predictive control and proportional–integral control is developed to track the reference trajectory. Finally, an optimal control strategy with target preview method based on Pontryagin's minimum principle is developed to achieve the optimal fuel economy while tracking the trajectory. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed control strategy can realize not only excellent trajectory tracking performance but also optimal fuel economy.
Cardiac arrest following cardiac tamponade caused by mycosis fungoides malignant pericarditis
Authors: Sato Shuku , Tanaka Eri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMycosis fungoides is a low‐grade lymphoma, but on reaching the tumor stage, it can cause cardiac tamponade owing to epicardial infiltration. Myocardial infiltration, even in the absence of abnormal imaging findings, requires attention because it can lead to arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.
The Shuttling Cascade in Lasso Peptide Benenodin‐1 is Controlled by Non‐Covalent Interactions
Authors: Schröder Hendrik V. , Stadlmeier Michael , Wühr Martin , Link A. James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe lasso peptide benenodin‐1, a naturally occurring and bacterially produced [1]rotaxane, undergoes a reversible zip tie‐like motion under heat activation, in which a peptidic wheel stepwise translates along a molecular thread in a cascade of “tail/loop pulling” equilibria. Conformational and structural analyses of four translational isomers, in solution and in the gas phase, reveal that the equilibrium distribution is controlled by mechanical and non‐covalent forces within the lasso peptide. Furthermore, each dynamic pulling step is accompanied by a major restructuring of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding network between wheel and thread, which affects the peptide's physico‐chemical properties.
Understanding the ethical and legal considerations of Digital Pathology
Authors: Coulter Cheryl , McKay Francis , Hallowell Nina , Browning Lisa , Colling Richard , Macklin Philip , Sorell Tom , Aslam Muhammad , Bryson Gareth , Treanor Darren , Verrill Clare 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDigital Pathology (DP) is a platform which has the potential to develop a truly integrated and global pathology community. The generation of DP data at scale creates novel challenges for the histopathology community in managing, processing, and governing the use of these data. The current understanding of, and confidence in, the legal and ethical aspects of DP by pathologists is unknown. We developed an electronic survey (e‐survey), comprising 22 questions, with input from the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) Digital Pathology Working Group. The e‐survey was circulated via e‐mail and social media (Twitter) through the RCPath Digital Pathology Working Group network, RCPath Trainee Committee network, the Pathology image data Lake for Analytics, Knowledge and Education (PathLAKE) digital pathology consortium, National Pathology Imaging Co‐operative (NPIC), local contacts, and to the membership of both The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Division of the International Academy of Pathology (BDIAP). Between 14 July 2020 and 6 September 2020, we collected 198 responses representing a cross section of histopathologists, including individuals with experience of DP research. We ascertained that, in the UK, DP is being used for diagnosis, research, and teaching, and that the platform is enabling data sharing. Our survey demonstrated that there is often a lack of confidence and understanding of the key issues of consent, legislation, and ethical guidelines. Of 198 respondents, 82 (41%) did not know when the use of digital scanned slide images would fall under the relevant legislation and 93 (47%) were ‘Not confident at all’ in their interpretation of consent for scanned slide images in research. With increasing uptake of DP, a working knowledge of these areas is essential but histopathologists often express a lack of confidence in these topics. The need for specific training in these areas is highlighted by the findings of this study.
Synthesis and SAR Studies of Isoquinoline and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives as Melatonin Receptor Ligands
Authors: Ettaoussi Mohamed , Laversin Amélie , Vreulz Brandon , Rami Marouane , Lebegue Nicolas , Delagrange Philippe , Caignard Daniel Henri , Melnyk Patricia , Liberelle Maxime , Yous Saïd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn our constant search for new successors of agomelatine, we report herein a new series of compounds resulting from bioisosteric modulation of the naphthalene ring. The isoquinoline and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. This isosteric replacement of the naphthalene group of agomelatine has led to potent agonist and partial agonist compounds with nanomolar melatonergic binding affinities. Overall, the presence of a nitrogen atom was accompanied with a decrease in the binding affinity toward both MT1 and MT2 and the loss of 5HT2C response, especially for tetrahydroisoquinoline in comparison with the parent compound. Interestingly, due to the presence of this nitrogen atom, a notable improvement in the pharmacokinetic properties was observed for all compounds.