bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Competition Potential Between Native Ungulates and Free‐Roaming Equids on Western Rangelands
Authors: Stoner David C. , Anderson Michael T. , Schroeder Cody A. , Bleke Cole A. , Thacker Eric T. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTFree‐roaming equids (i.e., feral horses [Equus caballus] and burros [Equus asinus]) are widely distributed and locally abundant across the rangelands of the western United States. The 1971 Wild Free Roaming Horse and Burro Act (WFRHBA) gave the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and United States Forest Service (USFS) the legal authority to manage these animals on designated public lands. To fulfill this responsibility, federal agencies established an Appropriate Management Level (AML), defined as the number of horses or burros that can be sustained on a given management unit under prevailing environmental conditions and land uses. Although the WFRHBA specifies that feral equids must be managed in ecological balance with other land uses, including conservation of native wildlife, population control measures such as gathers, contraception, and adoptions have failed to keep pace with intrinsic growth rates. Over 80% of federally managed herds currently exceed prescribed population levels, making the potential for competition between native ungulates and feral equids a growing concern among state wildlife agencies. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), elk (Cervus canadensis), and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) are of ecological and economic value to the states where they occur, and all exhibit some degree of distributional, habitat, or dietary overlap with horses or burros. Notwithstanding the scale of the problem, to date there have been no range‐wide assessments of competition potential among native and feral ungulates for space, forage, or water. To address this need, we compiled demographic, jurisdictional, and species occurrence data collected from 2010–2019 by federal and state agencies. We used these data to map the distributions of 4 native ungulate species across federal equid management units (FEMUS) in 10 western states (n = 174). We then made within‐state rankings of the 50 units that were ≥2 times over AML and encompassed ≥3 native ungulates. Collectively, FEMUs covered approximately 225,000 km2, representing 18% of all BLM and USFS lands in affected states. Each FEMU supported ≥1 native ungulate and 14% contained all 4. The degree of overlap between native and feral species varied by state, ranging from <1% for mule deer in Montana, to 40% for bighorn sheep in Nevada. Oregon had the largest proportion of units that supported all 4 native ungulates (58%), whereas Montana and New Mexico had the fewest equids, but all populations were over target densities. Despite the perception that the problem of equid abundance is limited to the Great Basin states, high intrinsic growth rates and social constraints on management practices suggest all affected states should monitor range conditions and native ungulate demography in areas where forage and water resources are limited and expanding equid populations are a concern. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Salt‐Induced Changes in Sol‐to‐Gel Transition and Structure of Stereocomplexable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymers
Authors: Bao Jianna , Mao Hailiang , Li Xiang , Zhou Jiale , Dong Xiaolei , Chen Shichang , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile stereocomplexable hydrogels composed of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA)– poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–PLLA and poly(d‐lactic acid) (PDLA)–PEG–PDLA have been widely investigated, very few studies have reported the influence of salts on thermogelling behaviors in corresponding aqueous solutions. In this study, NaCl is selected as a model and stereocomplexable solutions with a wide range of salt concentrations (0–3 wt%) are prepared with the aim to tune Ts‐g. When polymer concentration is 8 wt%, the resulting hydrogels containing 1 wt% NaCl exhibits a notably lower Ts‐g of 34 °C, while salt‐free system shows a Ts‐g of 42 °C. The presence of NaCl leads to a higher content of stereocomplex crystallites, a larger size of micelle clusters, an amplified distance of interclusters and a smaller thickness of micelle shell, which is supposed to be ascribed to the salts effect on ion–water and water–PEG interactions and increased hydrophobicity of enantiomeric micelles by NaCl. For hydrogels governed by self‐assembly of micelles and stereocomplexation, this study provides a safe, practical, and feasible way to tune the thermogelling behaviors and physical properties by the addition of salts.
Weekly Paclitaxel-Induced Neurotoxicity in Breast Cancer: Outcomes and Dose Response
Authors: Timmins Hannah C. , Li Tiffany , Trinh Terry , Kiernan Matthew C. , Harrison Michelle , Boyle Frances , Friedlander Michael , Goldstein David , Park Susanna B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Paclitaxel treatment produces significant peripheral neuropathy, but the time course of neuropathy development and outcomes are unclear. Dose reduction is the only strategy to prevent neurotoxicity, however, the impact of dose-reduction on neuropathy outcomes remains unknown. This study aimed to prospectively evaluated neuropathy development from weekly paclitaxel treatment and evaluate the impact of dose-reduction on post-treatment neuropathy outcomes.

Patients and Methods
Breast cancer patients receiving paclitaxel (80mg/m2) weekly for 12-weeks were prospectively assessed using patient reported (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity; FACTGOG-Ntx), clinical (Total Neuropathy Score clinical version; TNSc) and neurophysiological measures up to 12-months post completion. The impact of dose-reduction on post-treatment (3.6 ± 0.1 months) clinical and patient reported outcomes was evaluated in 105 weekly paclitaxel-treated patients.

Results
Significant neuropathy was present by 6-weeks across patient-reported, clinical, and objective neurophysiological assessments, increasing in prevalence and severity over the treatment course. Limited recovery occurred, with significant neuropathy being maintained up to 12 months (p &lt; .05). Patients who received dose reduction had worse patient reported (FACT-GOG-Ntx: 40.2 ± .1.4) and clinical neuropathy outcomes (TNSc: 4.3 ± 0.4) compared to those who received the full dose (FACT-GOG-Ntx: 45.9 ± 0.9; TNSc: 3.3 ± 0.3, p &lt; .05). Patients who ceased treatment early demonstrated the worse deficits (TNSc: 5.0 ± 0.6; FACT-GOG-Ntx: 37.3 ± 2.7) compared to those who received the complete dose (TNSc: 3.5 ± 0.3; FACT-GOG-Ntx: 45.3 ± 0.9, p &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Weekly paclitaxel produces symptomatic and objective neuropathy early in the treatment course which can persist. Dose reduction does not necessarily lead to more favorable neuropathy outcomes, with individual risk factors likely important in addition to cumulative dose.

Implications for Practice
Weekly paclitaxel schedules are extensively used in breast cancer. Patients may develop symptomatic and objective neuropathy early in the treatment course, with these individuals requiring closer monitoring. Furthermore, neuropathy is a long-term sequela that may impact quality of life and require appropriate supportive services. Results suggest that dose reduction does not necessarily lead to better neuropathy outcomes. Understanding schedule-specific toxicity and risk factors for neuropathy will be critical to determining individualized treatment strategies and improving quality of life in breast cancer survivors.
Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Central Nervous System Malignancies
Authors: Swartz Andrew W. , Drappatz Jan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Patients with brain tumors are at high risk for thromboembolic complications and frequently require anticoagulation. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are a less burdensome treatment for cancer-associated thrombosis with safety and efficacy comparable to those of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH); however, there are few data to support the use of DOACs in patients with brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to better understand the safety profile of anticoagulants in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors, with particular interest in the safety and efficacy of DOACs. Our hypothesis was that DOACs are as safe and effective as LWMH in this population. This study was conducted through a single-center retrospective chart review of 125 patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors on anticoagulation. Our primary outcomes were major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), with secondary outcomes of minor bleeding and recurrent thrombosis. The rate of major bleeding was 26% in the LMWH group versus 9.6% in the DOAC group (p = .03). The rate of ICH was 15% in the LMWH group versus 5.8% in the DOAC group (p = .09). The severity of ICH in both groups was low with median Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5 scores of 2 in the LMWH group and 3 in the DOAC group. The rates of minor bleeding and recurrent thrombosis were low in both groups. Our conclusion is that DOAC use in patients with brain tumors is not associated with increased rates of major bleeding compared with LMWH and is a safe and effective option.

Implications for Practice
Patients with brain tumors are at high risk for venous thromboembolism and frequently require anticoagulation. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are less burdensome than low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for treatment of thromboembolism, but there is concern in the community over increased risk of bleeding. This study provides much-needed objective evidence that there are fewer major bleeding events in patients with brain tumors on DOACs compared to LMWH with similar efficacy. As the paradigm of anticoagulation in patients with cancer shifts from LWMH toward DOACs, this work is particularly meaningful as it suggests DOACs are safe and effective for patients with brain tumors.
RAS pathway mutation is an added‐value biomarker in pediatric Philadelphia‐negative B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with IKZF1 deletions
Authors: Huang Ying‐Jung , Liu Hsi‐Che , Jaing Tang‐Her , Wu Kang‐Hsi , Wang Shih‐Chung , Yen Hsiu‐Ju , Hsiao Chih‐Cheng , Chen Shih‐Hsiang , Lin Pei‐Chin , Yeh Ting‐Chi , Sheen Jiunn‐Ming , Chen Yu‐Chieh , Chang Te‐Kau , Huang Fang‐Liang , Chao Yu‐Hua , Hou Jen‐Yin , Yang Chao‐Ping , Lin Tung‐Huei , Shih Lee‐Yung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIKZF1deletion is an unfavorable factor in Philadelphia negative (Ph ‐) B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the effects of IKZF1 deletions co‐existing genetic alterations in Ph (‐) ALL have not been extensively studied.MethodsBone marrow samples from 368 children with Ph (‐) ALL were analyzed by using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification kit for detection of gene deletions and Sanger sequencing for mutational analysis of RAS pathway genes. The outcome was analyzed on 215 patients treated with Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group‐ALL‐2002 protocol.ResultsIKZF1 deletions were present in 12.8% and IKZF1plus in 6.3% of patients. Mutations of RAS pathway genes were detected in 25.0% of IKZF1‐deleted patients. The 10‐year event‐free survival (EFS) of IKZF1‐undeleted patients was significantly better compared with IKZF1‐deleted patients (80.0% vs. 47.8%, p = 0.001). Compared with outcome of patients harboring IKZF1 deletion alone, no difference in EFS was observed in patients with IKZF1plus, whereas three patients carried both IKZF1 and ERG deletions had a superior 10‐year EFS (100%). The 10‐year EFS of patients with any gene mutation of RAS pathway was worse than that of patients with wild‐type genes (79.1% vs. 61.6%, p = 0.033). In multivariate analysis, RAS pathway mutations and IKZF1 deletion were independent predictors of inferior EFS. Co‐existence of IKZF1 deletion with RAS pathway mutations had a worst 10‐year EFS (11.1 ± 10.5%) and 10‐year OS (53.3 ± 17.6%).ConclusionsOur results showed that RAS pathway mutation is an added‐value biomarker in pediatric IKZF1‐deleted Ph (‐) ALL patients.
Modeling pressure relief devices mounted on a common inlet manifold
Authors: Prophet Neil , Lea Charles , Samayam Indira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLarge equipment items, such as distillation column systems, compressors, or major pressure vessels, are commonly protected by multiple pressure relief devices mounted on a common inlet manifold. In selecting this type of design, the potential exists to inadvertently overlook the flow characteristics associated with such a common inlet manifold. The methodology discussed in this paper should effectively model flow through multiple pressure relief devices mounted on common inlet manifolds. This approach ensures accurate representation of flow through each pressure relief device while avoiding the potential pitfalls of taking shortcuts by only analyzing flow through one device.
Acid‐Promoted Cascade Reaction of 4H‐Chromenes: Access to Hexahydronapthalenes via Decarboxylative Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Kale Ashok , Medishetti Nagaraju , Babu Nanubolu Jagadeesh , Atmakur Krishnaiah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcid promoted cascade reaction of 4H‐chromenes with propargylic alcohol was described using p‐toluene sulfonic acid (p‐TSA). The reaction proceeds through Meyer‐Schuster type of rearrangement of propargylic alcohol and subsequent reaction of 4H‐chromene with in situ generated allene followed by decarboxylative intramolecular cyclization leading to hexahydronapthalene scaffolds with good to excellent yield. Simple reaction conditions, high compatibility and excellent yields are the advantages of this protocol.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Phase Composition and Surface Properties of WO3‐TiO2 Nanocomposites Synthesized via Hydro‐Thermal Method
Authors: Shah Aarif Hussain , Rather Mushtaq Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is a huge interest in the synthesis of nanocomposites with specific physicochemical properties. Calcination temperature affects the size, morphology and other surface characteristics. WO3‐TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method using titanium (IV) butoxide and tungsten (VI) oxide (WO3). The effects of drying time and calcination temperature on the hydrodynamic particle diameter, crystallite size, shape and zeta potential of the nanocomposites was investigated. The samples were dried in oven at 80 °C for 18 hours, calcinated at 300 to 1000 °C and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) and fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were measured by particle analyzer (DLS). The mean crystallite size increased from 25.2 nm to 54.9 nm when calcination temperature increased from 300 to 1000 °C. Hydrodynamic size of the nanocomposite decreased with increasing drying time, became constant after 12 hours of drying and did not change significantly after that. Moreover, the hydrodynamic size increased with increase in the calcination temperature due to growth of the crystals and formation of inter particle necks. The large zeta values (−35.8 to −41.2 mV) suggest that the nanocomposites show large electrostatic repulsive interaction and enhanced stability in aqueous solutions.
Rational Construction of SiO2/MoS2/TiO2 Composite Nanostructures for Anti‐Biofouling and Anti‐Corrosion Applications
Authors: Steffi Alexander Pinky , Balaji Ramachandran , Chen Shen‐Ming , Prakash Natarajan , Narendhar Chandharasekar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have prepared MoS2/SiO2/TiO2 ternary heterojunction composite for the anti‐corrosion and anti‐fouling applications. The molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) adorned silica (SiO2) nanoparticles are synthesized through the wet chemical process. The prepared MoS2/SiO2 composites is subjected for dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis to understand the particle size, then the X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystal structure and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) to characterize its morphology. The TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared through stober process. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles along with MoS2/SiO2 composites are fused together in the natural resin for the construction of primary coating mixture (MoS2/SiO2/TiO2). The primary composite coating mixture is coated on the mild steel panels for the analysis. The contact angle analysis is done for the coated mild steel samples to get the insight on its hydrophobicity and the surface smoothness. Further, to perform the corrosion studies, the salt spray analysis is done on the mild steel panels. The MoS2/SiO2/TiO2 ternary heterojunction composite mixture performed well on the anti‐biofouling and anti‐corrosion investigation.
A New Approach for the Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Thiazolyl‐Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Masaret Ghada S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccording to the encouraging biological activity and low cytotoxicity profile of thiazolyl‐pyrazole hybrid, many researchers are making efforts in this research area. 2‐(2‐(5‐Acetyl‐4‐methylthiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazono)acenaphthylen‐1(2H)‐one (3) was synthesized by the reaction of acenaphthenequinone‐thiosemicarbazone (1) with 3‐chloroacetylacetone (2) and utilized as a precursor for the production of various thiazolyl‐pyrazole compounds. The reaction of 3 with DMF‐DMA followed by treating the produced enaminone 4 with hydrazines furnished the corresponding thiazolyl‐pyrazoles 5 a–c. In addition, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of enaminone 4 with α‐ketohydrazonyl chlorides 6 through a regioselective manner gave thiazolyl‐pyrazoles 7 a–c. The reaction of 3 with arylhydrazines yielded the corresponding hydrazones 8 a–c, which were subjected to Vilsmeier formylation reaction and furnished the thiazolyl‐pyrazoles 9 a–c. Meanwhile, the synthesized thiazolyl‐pyrazoles were screened to discover their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. The antibacterial screening revealed that derivatives 7 a–c, 8 a–c, and 9 a–c demonstrated minimal inhibition concentrations toward B. subtilis and S. typhimurium. While derivatives 7 c and 9 c showed respectable antifungal effectiveness against C. albicans. Further, antioxidant effectiveness of the synthesized derivatives 7 a–c and 9 a–c revealed antioxidant activity superior to derivative 8 a–c and 5 a–c compared to ascorbic acid. Likewise, thiazolyl‐pyrazole derivatives 5 a–c displayed higher cytotoxic efficacy than their corresponding derivatives 9 a–c, 8 a–c and 7 a–c, respectively.
In‐Situ Synthesis of MoS2/BiOBr Material via Mechanical Ball Milling for Boosted Photocatalytic Degradation Pollutants Performance
Authors: Yin Weiqing , Cao Xujing , Wang Bin , Jiang Qi , Chen Zhigang , Xia Jiexiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel visible‐light‐driven MoS2/BiOBr composite material is prepared in situ under normal temperature and pressure conditions through the efficient, green and energy‐saving ionic liquid‐assisted mechanical ball milling method. Under visible light irradiation, the MoS2/BiOBr composite exhibits enhanced photocatalytic degradation tetracycline (TC) activity than that of BiOBr monomer. Among them, 1.0 wt % MoS2/BiOBr exhibits the best photocatalytic degradation activity and can degrade 68 % of TC within 120 min, which is 30 % improvement in performance compared to BiOBr monomer. The introduction of MoS2 promotes the photocatalytic performance of the composite material, which is mainly attributed to the increased specific surface area, enhanced visible light absorption capacity and excellent photo‐generated carrier separation and transfer efficiency. Electron spin resonance, radical trapping experiments and XPS valence band spectroscopy confirmed that superoxide radicals and holes are the main active species in the photocatalytic process.
Partial deconfinement at strong coupling on the lattice
Authors: Watanabe Hiromasa , Bergner Georg , Bodendorfer Norbert , Funai Shotaro Shiba , Hanada Masanori , Rinaldi Enrico , Schäfer Andreas , Vranas Pavlos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We provide evidence for partial deconfinement — the deconfinement of a SU(M) subgroup of the SU(N) gauge group — by using lattice Monte Carlo simulations. We take matrix models as concrete examples. By appropriately fixing the gauge, we observe that the M × M submatrices deconfine. This gives direct evidence for partial deconfinement at strong coupling. We discuss the applications to QCD and holography.
On the nonexistence of a vacuum black lens
Authors: Lucietti James , Tomlinson Fred 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate that five-dimensional, asymptotically flat, stationary and bi-axisymmetric, vacuum black holes with lens space L(n, 1) topology, possessing the simplest rod structure, do not exist. In particular, we show that the general solution on the axes and horizon, which we recently constructed by exploiting the integrability of this system, must suffer from a conical singularity on the inner axis component. We give a proof of this for two distinct singly spinning configurations and numerical evidence for the generic doubly spinning solution.
Resurgent analysis of SU(2) Chern-Simons partition function on Brieskorn spheres Σ(2, 3, 6n + 5)
Authors: Wu David H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
$$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

-invariants, which can reconstruct the analytic continuation of the SU(2) Chern-Simons partition functions via Borel resummation, were discovered by GPV and have been conjectured to be a new homological invariant of 3-manifolds which can shed light onto the superconformal and topologically twisted index of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories proposed by GPPV. In particular, the resurgent analysis of $$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

has been fruitful in discovering analytic properties of the WRT invariants. The resurgent analysis of these $$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

-invariants has been performed for the cases of Σ(2, 3, 5), Σ(2, 3, 7) by GMP, Σ(2, 5, 7) by Chun, and, more recently, some additional Seifert manifolds by Chung and Kucharski, independently. In this paper, we extend and generalize the resurgent analysis of $$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

on a family of Brieskorn homology spheres Σ(2, 3, 6n + 5) where n ∈ ℤ+ and 6n + 5 is a prime. By deriving $$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

for Σ(2, 3, 6n + 5) according to GPPV and Hikami, we provide a formula where one can quickly compute the non-perturbative contributions to the full analytic continuation of SU(2) Chern-Simons partition function.
Revisiting relativistic magnetohydrodynamics from quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Hongo Masaru , Hattori Koichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We provide a statistical mechanical derivation of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics on the basis of (3 + 1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics; the system endowed with a magnetic one-form symmetry. The conservation laws and constitutive relations are presented in a manifestly covariant way with respect to the general coordinate transformation. The method of the local Gibbs ensemble (or nonequilibrium statistical operator) combined with the path-integral formula for a thermodynamic functional enables us to obtain exact forms of constitutive relations. Applying the derivative expansion to exact formulas, we derive the first-order constitutive relations for nonlinear relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. Our results for the QED plasma preserving parity and charge-conjugation symmetries are equipped with two electrical resistivities and five (three bulk and two shear) viscosities. We also show that those transport coefficients satisfy the Onsager’s reciprocal relation and a set of inequalities, indicating semi-positivity of the entropy production rate consistent with the local second law of thermodynamics.