bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals
Authors: Bozzi Davide , Rasmussen Jacob A. , Carøe Christian , Sveier Harald , Nordøy Kristian , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Limborg Morten T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfectious diseases cause significant production losses in aquaculture every year. Since the gut microbiota plays an essential role in regulating the host immune system, health and physiology, altered gut microbiota compositions are often associated with a diseased status. However, few studies have examined the association between disease severity and degree of gut dysbiosis, especially when the gut is not the site of the primary infection. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge on whether bath treatment with formalin, a disinfectant commonly used in aquaculture to treat external infections, might affect the gut microbiome as a consequence of formalin ingestion. Here we investigate, through 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, changes in the distal gut microbiota composition of a captive-reared cohort of 80 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.), in consequence of an external bacterial skin infection due to a natural outbreak and subsequent formalin treatment.ResultsWe identifiedTenacibaculum dicentrarchias the causative disease pathogen and we show that the distal gut of diseased salmon presented a different composition from that of healthy individuals. A new, yet undescribed,Mycoplasmagenus characterized the gut of healthy salmon, while in the sick fish we observed an increase in terms of relative abundance ofAliivibriosp., a strain regarded as opportunistic. We also noticed a positive correlation between fish weight andMycoplasmasp. relative abundance, potentially indicating a beneficial effect for its host. Moreover, we observed that the gut microbiota of fish treated with formalin was more similar to those of sick fish than healthy ones.ConclusionsWe conclude that externalTenacibaculuminfections have the potential of indirectly affecting the host gut microbiota. As such, treatment optimization procedures should account for that. Formalin treatment is not an optimal solution from a holistic perspective, since we observe an altered gut microbiota in the treated fish. We suggest its coupling with a probiotic treatment aimed at re-establishing a healthy community. Lastly, we have observed a positive correlation ofMycoplasmasp. with salmon health and weight, therefore we encourage further investigations towards its potential utilization as a biomarker for monitoring health in salmon and potentially other farmed fish species.
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (extracellular isoform) levels and functional polymorphisms in fertile and infertile men
Authors: Pournasir Milad , Ghorbian Saied , Ghasemnejad Tohid , Fattahi Amir , Nouri Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress has an undeniable role in the impairment of sperm function and idiopathic male infertility. On the other hand, the local antioxidant system particularly glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) as an extracellular enzyme protects male fertility from oxidative damages. Therefore, in the current study, we evaluated the association between two functional polymorphisms of the GPX3 gene with its levels in seminal fluid and subsequently with the risk of male infertility.ResultWe recruited 100 fertile and 100 infertile men for the study. Our results showed that the concentration of GPX3 was higher in the fertile group than infertile patients (p= <0.01), and there were positive correlations between GPX3 concentration in seminal fluid with sperm motility and morphology. The frequency of rs8177404 and rs3828599 genotypes and alleles was significantly different between the groups and we found that having the rs8177404 polymorphism (TC and CC genotypes) could increase the risk of idiopathic infertility more than 2-fold. On the other hand, the GG genotype (rs3828599) showed a protective effect against infertility. Our results demonstrated that men carrying CC genotype of rs8177404 polymorphism had significantly lower progressively motile sperm and higher immotile sperm compared with subjects carrying TT and TC genotypes. In the rs3828599 polymorphism, the GG carriers had significantly higher progressively motile and lower immotile sperm than AA carriers. Furthermore, men with genotypes of CC (rs8177404) and GG (rs3828599) had significantly lower and higher levels of GPX3 in the seminal fluid, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, our results showed associations between sperm parameters with GPX3 levels and the gene polymorphisms. It seems rs8177404 and rs3828599 polymorphisms can affect GPX3 levels in seminal fluid and subsequently sperm parameters.
How Did a Multi-Institutional Trial Show Feasibility of Electronic Data Capture in Older Patients With Cancer? Results From a Multi-Institutional Qualitative Study (Alliance A171902)
Authors: Martin Nichole A. , Harlos Elizabeth S. , Cook Kathryn D. , O'Connor Jennifer M. , Dodge Andrew , Guerard Emily , Lafky Jacqueline M. , Jatoi Aminah , Le-Rademacher Jennifer G. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE New technology might pose problems for older patients with cancer. This study sought to understand how a trial in older patients with cancer (Alliance A171603) was successful in capturing electronic patient-reported data. METHODS Study personnel were invited via e-mail to participate in semistructured phone interviews, which were audio-recorded and qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-four study personnel from the 10 sites were interviewed; three themes emerged. The first was that successful patient-reported electronic data capture shifted work toward patients and toward study personnel at the beginning of the study. One interviewee explained, “I mean it kind of lost all advantages…by being extremely laborious.” Study personnel described how they ensured electronic devices were charged, wireless internet access was up and running, and login codes were available. The second theme was related to the first and dealt with data filtering. Study personnel described high involvement in data gathering; for example, one interviewee described, “I answered on the iPad, whatever they said. They didn't even want to use it at all.” A third theme dealt with advantages of electronic data entry, such as prompt data availability at study completion. Surprisingly, some remarks described how electronic devices brought people together, “Some of the patients, you know, it just gave them a chance to kinda talk about, you know, what was going on.” CONCLUSION High rates of capture of patient-reported electronic data were viewed favorably but occurred in exchange for increased effort from patients and study personnel and in exchange for data that were not always patient-reported in the strictest sense.
ROCK2 Inhibition With Belumosudil (KD025) for the Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Jagasia Madan , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Bachier Carlos R. , Salhotra Amandeep , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Zoghi Behyar , Essell James , Green Laurie , Schueller Olivier , Patel Jeegar , Zanin-Zhorov Alexandra , Weiss Jonathan M. , Yang Zhongming , Eiznhamer David , Aggarwal Sanjay K. , Blazar Bruce R. , Lee Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE The rho-associated coiled-coil–containing protein kinase-2 (ROCK2) signaling pathway regulates the Th17/regulatory T cells balance and controls profibrotic pathways. Selective ROCK2 inhibition with belumosudil (KD025) may offer a novel approach to the management of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). PATIENTS AND METHODS A phase IIa, open-label, dose-finding study of belumosudil enrolled 54 patients with cGVHD who had received one to three prior lines of therapy (LOTs). The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS The median time from cGVHD diagnosis to enrollment was 20 months. Seventy-eight percent of patients had severe cGVHD, 50% had ≥ 4 organs involved, 73% had cGVHD refractory to their last LOT, and 50% had received ≥ 3 prior LOTs. With an overall median follow-up of 29 months, the ORR (95% CI) with belumosudil 200 mg once daily, 200 mg twice daily, and 400 mg once daily was 65% (38% to 86%), 69% (41% to 89%), and 62% (38% to 82%), respectively. Responses were clinically meaningful, with a median duration of response of 35 weeks, and were associated with quality-of-life improvements and corticosteroid (CS) dose reductions. CS treatment was discontinued in 19% of patients. The failure-free survival rate was 76% (62% to 85%) and 47% (33% to 60%) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The 2-year overall survival rate was 82% (69% to 90%). Belumosudil was well-tolerated, with low rates of cytopenia. There were no unexpected adverse events and no apparent increased risk of infection, including cytomegalovirus infection and reactivation. CONCLUSION Belumosudil treatment resulted in a high ORR and overall survival rate and demonstrated quality-of-life improvements, CS dose reductions, and limited toxicity. Data from the study indicated that belumosudil may prove to be an effective therapy for patients with treatment-refractory cGVHD.
Teaching Critical Appraisal Through the Lens of Study Design in Journal Club
Authors: Hendrickson Chase D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Training in endocrinology presents a major challenge: How to both develop a fellow’s medical knowledge and teach that fellow to independently increase that fund of knowledge as a future endocrinologist. Journal clubs hold a traditional role in teaching the most recent modern advances in medicine but frequently struggle to provide trainees with the skills needed to assess the quality of current literature. Using journal clubs to instill the skills needed for critical appraisal overcomes this difficulty and substantially enhances the value of journal clubs to trainees. Here, our journal club is reviewed, in which we teach critical appraisal by focusing on understanding study design as the key to assessing an article’s strengths and weaknesses. This journal club starts the year by reviewing study designs in a structured sequence, with sessions built to foster group participation and involvement of both fellows and faculty. Later, fellows put this learning into practice as they independently assess articles alongside their faculty. Generalizing this practice allows for implementation in other programs, including even those without faculty with a background in research methodology.
Exercise is a Life-Changer for Those with Autism
Authors: Geslak David S. , Boudreaux Benjamin D. 
Published: April 2021

Apply It!
• Make a profound impact. Because of limited resources, most school systems are leaving those with autism wandering and wondering in physical education classes. This is a squandered opportunity because autism parents have rated exercise as the no. 1 treatment as it has been shown to extend beyond the health-related benefits. Those with autism need to be able to access fitness centers and trainers to benefit from exercise programming.
• Understanding autism and exercise. Teaching exercise to those with autism is 75% understanding autism and 25% understanding exercise. This community learns differently and to create successful exercise programs requires embedding evidence-based teaching practices, structured routines, and setting individualized goals. The goal may simply start with just being in the facility for 30 minutes.
Effectiveness of a physical activity intervention program using peer support among sedentary women in Thiruvananthapuram City, India: results of a non-randomized quasi experimental study
Authors: Mathews Elezebeth , Sauzet Odile , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman 
Published: April 2021

Background: Interventions to promote physical activity are very limited in India. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of a peer support based physical activity (PA) intervention targeting sedentary women in Thiruvananthapuram City, India. Methods: We used a non-randomized quasi-experimental study design with a comparison group. Using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) classifications, 401 sedentary women aged 18-64 years were selected by multistage cluster sampling and enrolled into the intervention (n=200) and control (n=201) arms. For the intervention arm, a culturally relevant intervention was delivered to the community stakeholders, participants and peer leaders at three subsequent intensities: intense (three months), less intense (three months) and no intervention (six months). The intervention consisted of a non-communicable disease (NCD) risk assessment, educational workshop, group counselling sessions, goal setting, handbook and peer support. The control participants received printed information on NCDs and their risk factors. PA assessments and anthropometric measurements were made at baseline, 4th, 7th and 13th months. Mixed model analysis was done to assess the difference in PA levels between groups at various time points. Results: The proportion of women who were physically active (≥600 MET minutes per week) was significantly higher in the intervention arm compared to the control arm at 4th (58.5 % vs 10%, p= 0.001), 7th (48.5% vs 6%, p= 0.001)) and 13th month (29.6 % vs 0.6%, p =0.001), respectively. Improvements from baseline PA expended by the intervention arm compared to the control arm in MET-min / week were 990, 575, and 466 at 4th, 7th and 13th months, respectively. Conclusions: A PA intervention using peer support was found to be effective among women in India. Improvements in PA in the intervention arm decreased over time particularly after the no-intervention phase indicating the need for integrating it with community organizations.
ЛАНДШАФТНО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ В БАЛКЕ «ОТРАДНОЙ»
Authors: Suchkov Dmitry K. , Ruleva Olga V. 
Published: April 2021

Волгоград относится к промышленным городам, где роль зеленых насаждений особенно важна для сохранения экологической ситуации и снижения пресса на экосистему города.
Целью исследования являлась оценка лесокультурных ландшафтов урбанизированных территорий с применением ландшафтно-географического подхода на основе картографирования по дистанционным данным.
Материалы и методы. Использовались цифровые крупномасштабные космоснимки Quick Bird (М 1:4000 - 1:17000) с разрешением 0,6 м, топографические карты на город Волгоград (М 1:100000) и др. справочные материалы. Основным методом исследований послужило ландшафтно-экологическое профилирование ключевых участков. Закладка таксационных пробных площадей в насаждениях проводилась на основании общепринятых методик по лесной таксации и агролесомелиоративному устройству.
Результаты исследования описывают данные экспликации земель на 2 ключевых участках, расположенных в Кировском районе Волгограда и основные морфологические признаки древостоя: № 1 в 200-250м к югу от поселка Горная Поляна. Общая площадь участка - 412,6 га. облесенность территории ключевого участка составляет 74,9%. Ключевой участок № 2 расположен к югу от балки Отрадная, на межбалочном водоразделе балок Отрадная и Капустная. Общая площадь участка составляет 304,1 га. облесенность ключевого участка № 2 составляет 54,3%.
Заключение. Практически весь плакор на ключевом участке № 1 занят массивом из сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) и робинии псевдоакации (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), именно им обусловлен высокий показатель лесистости плакорного яруса. Высокая лесистость гидрографической сети (84 %) обусловлена естественным древесным массивом, сохранившимся в балке Отрадной. На ключевом участке № 2 показатели лесистости во всех ландшафтных полосах не превышают 70%.
Speculation, Sentiment, and Interest Rates
Authors: Buraschi Andrea , Whelan Paul 
Published: April 2021

We compare the implications of speculation versus hedging channels for bond markets in heterogeneous agents’ economies. Treasuries command a significant risk premium when optimistic agents speculate by leveraging their positions using bonds. Disagreement drives a wedge between marginal agent versus econometrician beliefs (sentiment). When speculative demands dominate, the interaction between belief heterogeneity and sentiment helps rationalize several puzzling characteristics of Treasury markets. Empirically, we test model predictions and find that larger disagreement (i) lowers the risk-free rate, (ii) raises the slope of the yield curve, and (iii) with positive sentiment increases bond risk premia and makes its dynamics countercyclical. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Tecendo o coletivo: relatos de um contágio político e poético
Authors: Souza Alice De Marchi Pereira de , Silva Ana Gabrielle , Barbosa Isadora , Lousao Julia Reis , Mariano Laís Silva , Silva Letícia Oliveira , Canuto Lucas Santos 
Published: April 2021

O artigo trata do evento “Políticas e Poéticas do Contágio: ensaios de viver entre muitxs”, assim como de suas reverberações. Organizado pelas professoras Adriana Rosa (UFF), Alice De Marchi (UERJ) e xs integrantes do estágio “Psicologia e Direitos Humanos: transversalizando práticas” – supervisionado por esta última –, foi realizado entre outubro e novembro de 2019. O encontro foi uma aposta na encruzilhada entre Psicologia, Arte, Política e Subjetividade como dispositivo para nos aproximarmos da multiplicidade como modo de vida. Através de oficinas e rodas de conversa, tematizou a arte de criar e sustentar formas de viver outras e a política como exercício a partir da diferença. Compreendemos o encontro e o contágio como meios de invenção de si e de mundos, para juntxs ensaiarmos modos de viver entre muitxs. Aqui, narramos, através de cartas trocadas, como foi experienciar esses dois dias de evento, bem como de que forma este ainda ressoa em nós.
Pediatric SOFA score for detecting sepsis in children
Authors: Aulia Muhammad , Triratna Silvia , Iriani Yulia , Bakri Achirul , Saputra Indra 
Published: April 2021

Background The pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) score is recommended by the Indonesian Pediatric Society Emergency and Intensive Care Working Group as an indicator of life-threatening organ dysfunction for sepsis in children. However, The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) recommended the Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in determining life-threatening organ dysfunction, which has not been adjusted for pediatric patients.
Objective To assess the accuracy of the pediatric SOFA score in diagnosing sepsis in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera.
Methods The study was conducted in children with organ dysfunction caused by infection admitted in PICU, from April to December 2019. Subjects were included by consecutive sampling, according to the following inclusion criteria: all patients aged 1 month to 18 years who met organ dysfunction and two SIRS criteria, with infection according to the 2005 PSCC criteria. Laboratory tests performed included complete blood count (CBC), blood gas analysis, measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), liver and kidney function tests. In all patients, pSOFA and PELOD-2 scores were calculated within 24 hours of admission. We compared the accuracy of pSOFA score to PELOD-2 score ≥ 11.
Results Of 108 subjects, there were 59 males and 49 females, with median age 11 (range 1-193) months. We compared the accuracy of pSOFA score to PELOD-2 score ≥ 11 and obtained a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 79.5%, for pSOFA cut-off score ≥ 8. Pediatric SOFA score cutoff ≥ 8 was determined by receiver operating curve (ROC). The area under the curve (AUC) for pediatric SOFA score was 93.9% (95%CI 89.7 to 98.0%).
Conclusion Pediatric SOFA score ≥ 8 is the optimal cut-off for predicting life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis. Multicenter revalidation is needed to find the most optimal cut-off point for general use in Indonesia.
New PELOD-2 cut-off score for predicting death in children with sepsis
Authors: Suari Ni Made Rini , Latief Abdul , Pudjiadi Antonius H. 
Published: April 2021

Background According to the most recent Sepsis-3 Consensus, the definition of sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated immune system against infection. Currently, one of the most commonly used prognostic scoring system is pediatric logistic organ damage-2 (PELOD-2) score.
Objective To determine and validate the pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) cut-off score to predict mortality in pediatric sepsis patients.
Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in the intensive care units of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We assessed subjects with PELOD-2 and calculated the predicted death rate (PDR) using SFAR software. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to evaluate calibration and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to estimate discrimination.
Results Of 2,735 children admitted to the emergency department, 52 met the inclusion criteria. Patients had various types of organ dysfunction: 53.8% respiratory, 28.8% neurological, 15.4% cardiovascular, 1.9% hematological. The mortality rate in this study was 38.5%. Mean PELOD-2 score was higher in patients who died than in those who survived [13.9 (SD 4.564) vs. 7.59 (SD 3.025), respectively, P=0.000]. The discrimination of PELOD-2 score with the lactate component had an AUC of 85.5% (95%CI 74.5 to 96.5), while PELOD-2 without lactate had an AUC of 85.4% (95%CI 74.5 to 96.3%). We propose a new PELOD-2 cut-off score to predict organ dysfunction and death of 10, with 75% sensitivity, 72% specificity, 62.5% PPV, and 82% NPV. PELOD-2 score > 10 had a moderate, statistically significant correlation to mortality (r=0.599; P<0.001).
Conclusion A PELOD-2 score > 10 is valid for predicting life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric patients with sepsis.
Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on doctors’ children: are we heading towards a mental health pandemic?
Authors: Omer Riffat , Khan Humayun Iqbal , Masood Muhammad Khalid , Masood Najaf , Tahira Fatima 
Published: April 2021

Background The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) may affect the behavior of children.
Non infected children of doctors seem to be susceptible to psychosocial health disorders.
Objective To assess the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children of doctors.
Methods This questionnaire-based survey filled up by doctors was done with the Pediatric Symptom Check List-17 (PSC-17) to assess the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on doctors’ children aged 10-15 years with no clinical evidence of being infected with coronavirus and possible contributing factors to mental distress/psychosocial health disorders. A PSC -17 Score of ≥15 was considered as a significant indicator of suspected psychosocial impact.
Results Children’s mean age was 12.5 (SD 1.9) years, and 53.8% of them were male. Of 357 questionnaire responses, 36.1% had a significant PSC-17 score (>15) and a small, but significant inverse correlation was observed with age (r=-0.147; P=0.005). More screen time than usual was perceived by doctors to be the most common potential contributing factor (63%) to their children’s psychosocial impact.
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to leave lasting effects on children’s mental health. Parents should closely monitor children for any changes in psychosocial behavior, so that timely intervention can be considered. Psychosocial screening of children is needed and should be conducted at schools.