bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of large carnivores is tied to ungulate habitat use: evidence from a bifactorial experiment
Authors: Epperly Haley K. , Clinchy Michael , Zanette Liana Y. , McCleery Robert A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fear large carnivores inspire in large ungulates has been argued to have cascading effects down food webs. However, a direct link between ungulate habitat use and their fear of large carnivores has not been experimentally tested. To fill this critical gap, we conducted a bi-factorial experiment in an African savanna. We removed shrub cover and broadcast large carnivore vocalizations (leopard, hyena, dog) or non-threatening control vocalizations in both experimentally cleared and shrubby control sites. We recorded the proactive (frequency of visitation) and reactive (fleeing or vigilance) responses of multiple prey (impala, warthog, nyala and bushbuck). Critically, we found a significant proactive–reactive interaction. Ungulates were 47% more likely to run after hearing a predator vocalization in shrubby control sites than experimental clearings, demonstrating that ungulates perceived less fear from large carnivores in open habitat (clearings). Consistent with this finding, ungulates visited clearings 2.4 times more often than shrubby control sites and visited shrubby control sites less often at night, when large carnivores are most active. Combined with results from previous experiments demonstrating that the disproportionate use of available habitats by large ungulates can alter ecosystem properties, our experiment provides critical evidence that the fear large carnivores inspire in large ungulates can cause trophic cascades.
Tsunami detection by GPS-derived ionospheric total electron content
Authors: Shrivastava Mahesh N. , Maurya Ajeet K. , Gonzalez Gabriel , Sunil Poikayil S. , Gonzalez Juan , Salazar Pablo , Aranguiz Rafael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo unravel the relationship between earthquake and tsunami using ionospheric total electron content (TEC) changes, we analyzed two Chilean tsunamigenic subduction earthquakes: the 2014 Pisagua Mw 8.1 and the 2015 Illapel Mw 8.3. During the Pisagua earthquake, the TEC changes were detected at the GPS sites located to the north and south of the earthquake epicenter, whereas during the Illapel earthquake, we registered the changes only in the northward direction. Tide-gauge sites mimicked the propagation direction of tsunami waves similar to the TEC change pattern during both earthquakes. The TEC changes were represented by three signals. The initial weaker signal correlated well with Acoustic Rayleigh wave (AWRayleigh), while the following stronger perturbation was interpreted to be caused by Acoustic Gravity wave (AGWepi) and Internal Gravity wave (IGWtsuna) induced by earthquakes and subsequent tsunamis respectively. Inevitably, TEC changes can be utilized to evaluate earthquake occurrence and tsunami propagation within a framework of multi-parameter early warning systems.
Reduced graphene oxide on silicon-based structure as novel broadband photodetector
Authors: Bonavolontà Carmela , Vettoliere Antonio , Falco Giuseppe , Aramo Carla , Rendina Ivo , Ruggiero Berardo , Silvestrini Paolo , Valentino Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHeterojunction photodetector based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been realized using a spin coating technique. The electrical and optical characterization of bare GO and thermally reduced GO thin films deposited on glass substrate has been carried out. Ultraviolet–visible–infrared transmittance measurements of the GO and rGO thin films revealed broad absorption range, while the absorbance analysis evaluates rGO band gap of about 2.8 eV. The effect of GO reduction process on the photoresponse capability is reported. The current–voltage characteristics and the responsivity of rGO/n-Si based device have been investigated using laser diode wavelengths from UV up to IR spectral range. An energy band diagram of the heterojunction has been proposed to explain the current versus voltage characteristics. The device demonstrates a photoresponse at a broad spectral range with a maximum responsivity and detectivity of 0.20 A/W and 7 × 1010 cmHz/W, respectively. Notably, the obtained results indicate that the rGO based device can be useful for broadband radiation detection compatible with silicon device technology.
Transitioning Speech-Language Assessment to a Virtual Environment: Lessons Learned From the ELLA Study
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Grey Brittany , Johnson Michelle , Brooks Marren , Cooper Ellie , Reynolds Gabriella , Deutchki Elizabeth , Vachio Morgan , Lund Emily A. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a quick shift to virtual speech-language services; however, only a small percentage of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) had previously engaged in telepractice. The purpose of this clinical tutorial is (a) to describe how the Early Language and Literacy Acquisition in Children with Hearing Loss study, a longitudinal study involving speech-language assessment with children with and without hearing loss, transitioned from in-person to virtual assessment and (b) to provide tips for optimizing virtual assessment procedures.

Method
We provide an overview of our decision making during the transition to virtual assessment. Additionally, we report on a pilot study that calculated test–retest reliability from in-person to virtual assessment for a subset of our preschool-age participants.

Results
Our pilot study revealed that most speech-language measures had high or adequate test–retest reliability when administered in a virtual environment. When low reliability occurred, generally the measures were timed.

Conclusions
Speech-language assessment can be conducted successfully in a virtual environment for preschool children with hearing loss. We provide suggestions for clinicians to consider when preparing for virtual assessment sessions.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14787834
A novel adaptive cascade controller design on a buck–boost DC–DC converter with a fractional‐order PID voltage controller and a self‐tuning regulator adaptive current controller
Authors: Mollaee Hasan , Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Saadat Seyyed Amirhossein , Wheeler Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe design of a cascade controller is demonstrated for a buck–boost converter that is combined with two control loops consisting of inner and outer controllers. The outer loop is implemented by a fractional‐order proportional‐integrated‐derivative (FO‐PID) controller that works as a voltage controller and generates a reference current for the inner control loop. To provide faster dynamic performance for inner loop, a self‐tuning regulator adaptive controller, which tries to regulates the current with the help of a novel improved exponential regressive least square identification in an online technique, is designed. Moreover, in the outer loop, to tune the gains of the FO‐PID controller, a novel algorithm of antlion optimizer algorithm is used that offers many benefits in comparison with other algorithms. The system provided by the boost mode is a non‐minimum phase system, which creates challenges for designing a stable controller. In addition, a single loop controller is proposed based on a PID controller tuned by a particle swarm optimization algorithm to be compared with the cascade controller. Cascade loop can present significant benefits to the controller such as better disturbance rejection. Finally, the strength of the presented cascade control scheme is verified in different performing situations by real‐time experiments.
YARARA: Significant improvement in RV precision through post-processing of spectral time series
Authors: Cretignier M. , Dumusque X. , Hara N. C. , Pepe F. 
Published: June 2021

Aims. Even the most precise radial-velocity instruments gather high-resolution spectra that present systematic errors that a data reduction pipeline cannot identify and correct for efficiently by simply analysing a set of calibrations and a single science frame. In this paper we aim at improving the radial-velocity precision of HARPS measurements by ‘cleaning’ individual extracted spectra using the wealth of information contained in spectral time series.
Methods. We developed YARARA, a post-processing pipeline designed to clean high-resolution spectra of instrumental systematics and atmospheric contamination. Spectra are corrected for: tellurics, interference patterns, detector stitching, ghosts, and fibre B contaminations, as well as more advanced spectral line-by-line corrections. YARARA uses principal component analysis on spectral time series with prior information to disentangle contaminations from real Doppler shifts. We applied YARARA to three systems, HD 10700, HD 215152, and HD 10180, and compared our results to the standard HARPS data reduction software and the SERVAL post-processing pipeline.
Results. We ran YARARA on the radial-velocity dataset of three stars intensively observed with HARPS: HD 10700, HD 215152, and HD 10180. For HD 10700, we show that YARARA enables us to obtain radial-velocity measurements that present an rms smaller than 1 m s−1 over the 13 years of the HARPS observations, which is 20% and 10% better than the HARPS data reduction software and the SERVAL post-processing pipeline, respectively. We also injected simulated planets into the data of HD 10700 and demonstrated that YARARA does not alter pure Doppler-shifted signals. For HD 215152, we demonstrated that the 1-year signal visible in the periodogram becomes marginal after processing with YARARA and that the signals of the known planets become more significant. Finally, for HD 10180, the six known exoplanets are well recovered, although different orbital parameters and planetary masses are provided by the new reduced spectra.
Conclusions. The post-processing correction of spectra using spectral time series allows the radial-velocity precision of HARPS data to be significantly improved and demonstrates that for the extremely quiet star HD 10700 a radial-velocity rms better than 1 m s−1 can be reached over the 13 years of HARPS observations. Since the processing proposed in this paper does not absorb planetary signals, its application to intensively followed systems is promising and will certainly result in advances in the detections of the lightest exoplanets.
Stock Price Prediction Based on XGBoost and LightGBM
Authors: Yang Yue , Wu Yang , Wang Peikun , Jiali Xu 
Published: June 2021

Stock trading, as a kind of high frequency trading, generally seeks profits in extremely short market changes. And effective stock price forecasting can help investors obtain higher returns. Based on the data set provided by Jane Street, this paper makes use of XGBoost model and LightGBM model to realize the prediction of stock price. Since the given training set has a large amount of data and includes abnormal data such as missing value, we first carry out feature engineering processing on the original data and take the mean value of the missing value, so as to obtain the preprocessed data that can be used in modeling.
The experimental results show that the combined model of XGBoost and LightGBM has better prediction performance than the single model and neural network.
Clinical outcome of endoscopic therapy in patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum: a Dutch cohort study
Authors: de Jong David M. , Stassen Pauline M. , Poley Jan Werner , Fockens Paul , Timmer Robin , Voermans Rogier P. , Verdonk Robert C. , Bruno Marco J. , de Jonge Pieter J.F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Although the majority of patients with pancreas divisum (PDiv) are asymptomatic, a subgroup present with recurrent pancreatitis or pain for which endoscopic therapy may be indicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate success rates and long-term outcomes of endoscopic treatment in patients with symptomatic PDiv.
Patients and methods A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients with symptomatic PDiv presenting with recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), or chronic abdominal pancreatic-type pain (CAP) who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) between January 2000 and December 2019 were included. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as either no recurrent episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) for RAP patients, no flares for CP patients, or absence of abdominal pain for patients with CAP after technically successful ERCP.
Results In 60 of 81 patients (74.1 %) a technically successful papilla minor intervention was performed. Adverse events were reported in 30 patients (37 %), with post-ERCP pancreatitis in 18 patients. The clinical success rate for patients with at least 3 months of follow-up was 42.6 %, with higher rates of success among patients presenting with RAP (44.4 %) as compared to those with CP (33.3 %) or CAP (33.3 %). Long-term sustained response was present in 40.9 % of patients with a technically successful intervention. In patients with RAP who did not completely respond to treatment, the mean number of AP episodes after treatment decreased significantly from 3.5 to 1.1 per year, and subsequently the interval between AP episodes increased from 278 to 690 days (P = 0.0006). A potential predictive factor of failure of clinical success after technically successful ERCP, at univariate analysis, was male sex (OR = 0.25, P = 0.02).
Conclusions Endoscopic therapy in patients with symptomatic PDiv is moderately effective, with its highest yield in patients presenting with RAP. Future studies are needed to assess factors predictive for success of endoscopic therapy and potential risk factors for relapse after ERCP.
Entwicklung und Implementierung einer ernährungsmedizinischen Strategie zur optimierten Versorgung von Patienten mit Mangelernährung in einem Großklinikum
Authors: Hausen Annekristin , Henschel Diana , Heuser Regina , Harnischmacher Marie , Kloeß Christiane , Pröbstl Alexander , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo , Strassburg Christian P. , Kalff Jörg C. , von Websky Martin 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Mangelernährung bei hospitalisierten Patienten ist ein relevantes Problem unterschätzten Ausmaßes mit negativen Auswirkungen auf das Überleben und den Behandlungserfolg bei einer Vielzahl von chirurgischen Krankheitsbildern. Zwischen dem in Leitlinien definierten Versorgungsanspruch und der klinischen Realität besteht oftmals eine Diskrepanz. Hauptursache ist die mangelhafte Etablierung ernährungsmedizinischer Strukturen als integraler Bestandteil der Regelversorgung im klinischen Alltag. Die notwendige Weiterentwicklung dieser Strukturen ist durch knappe Ressourcen, aber möglicherweise im Einzelfall auch durch mangelndes Problembewusstsein erschwert, sodass Praxisrelevanz und Machbarkeit im Hinblick auf die örtlichen Gegebenheiten die entscheidenden Kriterien für eine nachhaltige Verbesserung sind.
Methoden Dargestellt wird am Beispiel eines Großklinikums, welche institutionellen und prozeduralen Maßnahmen zur Implementierung einer ernährungsmedizinischen Gesamtstrategie durchgeführt werden mussten. Es wird in die zugrunde liegende ernährungsmedizinische Methodik eingeführt sowie anhand von 4 Projekten die konkrete Implementierung im klinischen Alltag veranschaulicht.
Ergebnisse Mit der hier vorgestellten Systematik konnten an einem Großklinikum innerhalb eines Jahreszeitraumes die Strukturen geschaffen werden, um Malnutrition im stationären Setting zu erfassen, eine ernährungsmedizinische Komplexbehandlung durchführen zu können und durch fortlaufende und zukünftige Projektinitiativen die Ernährungssituation hospitalisierter Patienten fortlaufend zu verbessern.
Zusammenfassung Die hier dargestellte, am Universitätsklinikum Bonn erfolgreich eingeführte ernährungsmedizinische Gesamtstrategie kann als Modellerfahrung für Kliniken dienen, die eine Verbesserung der ernährungsmedizinischen Versorgungslage und damit der Behandlungsqualität bei ihren Patienten erwirken wollen.
Hintergrund, Notwendigkeit und Methodik der S3-Leitlinie „Perioperatives Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT)“
Authors: Willis Maria A. , Schwenk Wolfgang , Post Stefan , Nothacker Monika , Follmann Markus , Vilz Tim O. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungMalignome zählen insbesondere im höheren Alter zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen und sind in Deutschland für 25% aller Todesfälle verantwortlich. Insbesondere bei Karzinomen des Gastrointestinaltraktes ist eine Heilung oft nur durch eine ausgedehnte Operation mit signifikanter Morbidität erreichbar. Vor etwa 25 Jahren wurde erstmalig das multimodale, perioperative Fast-Track-Konzept (FT-Konzept) zur Reduktion von postoperativen Komplikationen vorgestellt und in den folgenden Jahren um weitere Bausteine erweitert. Mittlerweile gibt es Hinweise, dass bei einer Umsetzung bzw. Adhärenz der Schlüsselbausteine von über 70% neben einer Reduktion der Komplikationsrate und einer verkürzten Krankenhausverweildauer ein verbessertes onkologisches Outcome möglich sein könnte. Trotz des hohen Bekanntheitsgrades und der nachgewiesenen Vorteile des FT-Konzeptes ist die Implementierung und Aufrechterhaltung der Maßnahmen schwierig und resultiert in einer Adhärenz von nur 20 – 40%. Dies hat
viele Gründe: Neben einer fehlenden interdisziplinären und interprofessionellen Kooperation sowie dem hohen zeitlichen und logistischen Aufwand bei der Implementierung und Aufrechterhaltung werden häufig limitierte personelle Ressourcen als ursächlich aufgeführt. Wir haben diese Aspekte zum Anlass genommen und mit der Ausarbeitung einer S3-Leitlinie für die perioperative Behandlung zur beschleunigten Genesung von Patienten mit gastrointestinalen Tumoren begonnen. Durch die Erstellung einer im formalen Prozess konsentierten und evidenzbasierten, multidisziplinären Leitlinie wird eine Möglichkeit eröffnet, die aufgeführten Probleme durch eine Optimierung und Standardisierung der interdisziplinären Versorgung zu lösen, was insbesondere in einem Setting mit vielen verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen und deren unterschiedlichen Interessen wichtig ist. Weiterhin wird angestrebt, durch die Standardisierung der perioperativen Prozesse den zeitlichen und logistischen Aufwand zu
reduzieren. Die Darstellung der Evidenz ermöglicht es, den personellen Mehraufwand gegenüber Krankenhausträgern und Krankenkassen transparenter zu gestalten und so auch besser zu begründen. Zusätzlich erlauben es die im Rahmen der Leitlinie generierten evidenzbasierten Qualitätsindikatoren, perioperative Standards in die Zertifizierungssysteme einzubeziehen und so die Qualität der perioperativen Medizin zu messen und zu überprüfen.
Treatment of Short Stature with Aromatase Inhibitors: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Yin Shujuan , Luo Yunyun , Bai Xi , Chen Shi , Yang Hongbo , Zhu Huijuan , Pan Hui , Ma Huijuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study is to determine the risks and benefits of treating
idiopathic short stature (ISS) with aromatase inhibitors (AIs). We
comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the China National Knowledge
Infrastructure between establishment year and January 31, 2020. Mean difference
(MD)/Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence
intervals (CI) of individual studies were pooled using fixed or random effects
models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Publication bias
was estimated using funnel plots and Egger tests. Fourteen studies including 388
participants were included. The meta-analysis results showed that AIs
significantly increased final height (MD=2.46, 95% CI:
0.8–4.12) and predicted adult height (MD=0.34, 95% CI:
0.11–0.57). Changes in bone age (MD=–0.1, 95%
CI: –0.86–0.66) and bone mineral density
(MD=–0.05, 95% CI: –0.19–0.1) were not
different between intervention and control group. AI significantly increased
testosterone level (SMD=2.01, 95% CI: 0.8–3.23) and
reduced estradiol level (SMD=–1.13, 95% CI:
–1.87 to –0.40); The intervention and control group had no
significant differences in the levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
(SMD=–0.31, 95%CI: –0.68–0.06) and IGF-1
(SMD=0.7, 95% CI: –0.66–2.06) levels. Adverse
events were more frequent in the intervention group than in the control group
(odds ratio=3.12, 95% CI: 1.44–6.73). In conclusion,
both AI monotherapy and AI combination therapy can increase predicted adult
height and testosterone levels.
The Flexor Carpi Radialis Portal for Arthroscopy-Assisted Reduction of the Dorsal Ulnar Fragment in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Kaempf de Oliveira Ricardo , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Aita Marcio Aurelio , Delgado Serrano Pedro Jose 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The importance of the dorsal ulnar fragment (DUF) for stability and articular congruence of the radius is widely recognized, and standard surgical techniques often fail to ensure its reduction.
Description of Technique We describe a modification of volar wrist portals for arthroscopic management of the DUF of the distal radius. It is made in an outside-in fashion in line with the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) approach for the distal radius. Through this volar portal, we achieve wide and direct visualization of the DUF, with the advantage of protecting important anatomic structures such as the FCR tendon, the radial artery, and the median nerve; all protected with the previously made volar approach for the distal radius. In addition, easy manipulation and reduction of the DUF is obtained with instrumentation through standard dorsal portals.
Patients and Methods We performed this procedure in 23 patients with distal radius fractures (DRF) with displaced DUF.
Results Early and late postoperative evaluation demonstrated intraoperative reduction maintenance and adequate range of motion, compatible with the usual findings of standard volar plating, with the benefit of anatomic reduction of the DUF.
Conclusion With our technique, volar plating associated with arthroscopy-assisted dorsal fragment specific fixation with dorsal standard and the FCR portals permits optimal surgical treatment of most DRFs.
Is there more to human social learning than enhanced facilitation? Prolonged learning and its impact on culture
Authors: Dallos Csilla 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent scholarship has sought to understand culture by studying attributes of social learning. While celebrating the role of pedagogy and other forms of facilitated learning in human cultural uniqueness, these studies have neglected instances of restricted and prolonged knowledge and skill acquisition. This article analyses illustrative cases of such learning in the ethnographic literature to assess their implications for cultural processes and products. Combined evidence from formal apprenticeship and the informal learning of hunter-gatherers indicates that though enhanced facilitation of learning is undeniable, an exclusive focus on it has resulted in a flawed concept of human culture and its social context. The cases cited suggest that mechanisms to extend learning constitute a vital source of cultural creativity and innovation that should be considered in social learning and culture discussions.
Spontaneous activity competes with externally evoked responses in sensory cortex
Authors: Karvat Golan , Alyahyay Mansour , Diester Ilka 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Humans and animals recognize light tactile stimulations on some occasions while at others miss even stronger stimuli. The explanation of this apparent paradox lies in the competition between spontaneously and externally evoked responses in the brain. Brief bursts of beta-oscillations have been implicated in reduced detection rates, yet the underlying mechanism remained unknown. Here, we report that neural networks exhibit synchronization during beta-bursts, followed by reduced firing rates, thus explaining the diminished detection rate on the single trial level. Through monitoring the brain’s electrical activity before and during tactile stimulation, we found that the masking influence of burst occupancy on perception can be counterbalanced in real time by adjusting the stimulus intensity, thereby overcoming this active inhibition of sensory cortex.