bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of photographs of study models for IOTN scoring
Authors: Malik Ovais H. , Stevenson Helen , Mandall N.A. , Alsaeed Mubarak A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the same orthodontic information can be obtained from study models or photographs of study models in order to assess the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The study also aimed to assess inter- and intra-examiner reliability in the assessment of orthodontic treatment need.

Sample
Thirty sets of start and finish study models, demonstrating a range of malocclusions, were non-randomly obtained from patients treated at the University of Manchester Dental Hospital. The start models demonstrated a range of malocclusions (according to The British Standard Institute Incisor Classification 1983) of varying complexity.

Method
Six photographic views of each set of study models were taken against a dark background. Millimetric distances were determined by using dividers to measure photographic distances and actual distances in millimeters from a ruler embedded in the image. Four examiners assessed the study models and photographs of the models in a random order and the Aesthetic and Dental Health components of the IOTN were recorded.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences in the IOTN scores from photographs of study models compared with IOTN scores from study models of the same patient.

Conclusion
The IOTN scores derived from photographs of study models are valid and reliable measures of malocclusion.
Evaluation of the mandibular arch in patients with impacted permanent lower canines
Authors: Jain Shikha , Agrawal Mamta , Jain Sachin , Jain Shweta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
To determine the features of the mandibular dental arch in subjects presenting with impacted permanent lower canines.

Methods
The ‘impaction group’ consisted of 48 Indian subjects with mandibular canine impaction (Females:Males, 1.5:1; mean age, 15.03 ± 0.49 years). The ‘control group’ was comprised of 96 age-, gender- and malocclusion-matched Indians who were randomly selected from subjects initially screened but who had completely erupted mandibular canines. Arch width, arch length, arch shape and space status (total tooth size, arch-length – tooth-size discrepancy) were assessed using dental models and were compared between the groups using comparative measurements and statistics.

Results
Statistically significant differences were demonstrated with respect to the arch length, arch shape, total tooth size and arch-length – tooth-size discrepancy (p = 0.03, 0.02, 0.04, 0.01; independent 2-sample t-tests, respectively). Crowding was more prevalent in subjects with impaction than in the controls, with the difference being statistically significant (chi-square = 13.202; degrees of freedom (df) = 4; p = 0.010).

Conclusion
Patients with permanent mandibular canine impaction have adequately wide but shorter lower dental arch forms along with wider mandibular total tooth size and greater arch-length – tooth-size discrepancy when compared with a control sample.
An evaluation of the antibacterial properties and shear bond strength of copper nanoparticles as a nanofiller in orthodontic adhesive
Authors: Argueta-Figueroa Liliana , Scougall-Vilchis Rogelio J. , Morales-Luckie Raúl A. , Olea-Mejía Oscar F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the antibacterial properties and effects of an orthodontic adhesive containing copper nanoparticles (NPs) on the material’s shear bond strength.

Methods
Antimicrobial activity was analysed by a disk diffusion test against S. aureus, E. coli and S. mutans. The NPs were added to the orthodontic adhesive at 0.0100 wt%, 0.0075 wt%, and 0.0050 wt%. Sixty extracted bicuspids were divided into two groups and the enamel of all teeth was conditioned with phosphoric acid. A coat of moisture insensitive primer (MIP) was applied prior to the bonding of brackets with composite resin. Group I served as a control and the bonding procedure was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Group II comprised the test teeth, into which 0.0100 wt% copper NPs were included in the MIP Samples were tested and statistically analysed (p ≤ 0.05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also assessed microscopically.

Results
The adhesive with copper NPs showed a bactericidal effect against the bacteria under study. A significantly higher bond strength was obtained with the orthodontic adhesive that included 0.0100 wt% of copper NPs (15.23 ± 6.8 MPa) in comparison with the control group (9.59 ± 4.3 MPa). The ARI scores indicated that the groups were significantly different and strengthened by the incorporation of NPs (p = 0.004).

Conclusion
The results of the present study suggested that an orthodontic adhesive, which included copper NPs, significantly increased material shear bond strength without adverse side effects on colour and appearance. The adhesive interface was strengthened by homogeneously dispersed copper NPs added as a nanofiller.
A comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes using the Objective Grading System (OGS) and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index
Authors: Chalabi Orfan , Preston Charles Brian , Al-Jewair Thikriat S. , Tabbaa Sawsan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The use of objective criteria is essential to uniformly quantify and measure the severity of malocclusions and the efficacy of different treatment modalities. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and, more recently, the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (OGS) were developed to fulfill this need.

Aim
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess and compare treatment outcomes using the UK and US weighted PAR and the OGS.

Materials and methods
The sample consisted of randomly selected records of 50 patients treated by residents in one postgraduate orthodontic clinic. UK and US weightings for the PAR index were applied and compared with OGS.

Results
There was no statistically significant association between the OGS and the PAR index grading systems. Neither the UK nor the US PAR weightings showed statistically significant correlation with the OGS. All cases were ‘greatly improved’ or ‘improved’ according to the PAR index, while most cases (62%) failed according to OGS. There was a statistically significant correlation between the unweighted PAR index and the OGS (r = −0.32, p = 0.024). The US and the UK weightings for the PAR were highly correlated (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). Both weighting systems were also highly correlated with the unweighted PAR (p < 0.001). There were no gender differences found in any of the scoring systems.

Conclusions
The current PAR index cannot replace the OGS for evaluating treatment outcomes. The current OGS cannot detect the improvement achieved in a treated case.
Shear bond strength of different fixed orthodontic retainers
Authors: Al-Nimri Kazem , Al-Nimri Jareer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To compare the shear bond strength of different fixed retainer wire diameters bonded using a conventional composite resin or a specific retainer composite.

Materials and methods
One-hundred-and-twenty extracted human premolar teeth were divided into six groups. After conventional acid etching with a 37% phosphoric acid gel for 30 seconds, twist flex wires of various diameters (0.0175″, 0.0215″, 0.032″) were bonded as fixed retainers. Conventional bracket adhesive (Filtek Z250) or retainer specific adhesives (Transbond LR) were used. After curing, the specimens were stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C and, thereafter, subjected to 500 thermal cycles. The specimens were then debonded using a Universal Instron machine. The site of failure was recorded for each specimen and the shear bond strength calculated. Statistical analyses were provided using a Chi-square test for failure site and a two-way ANOVA test to assess shear bond strength.

Results
The site of failure was predominantly at the wire composite interface in all groups. The specific retainer composite showed a significantly higher shear bond strength compared with conventional composite (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the three wire diameters (p < 0.001); the 0.0215” wire had the highest shear bond strength, whereas the 0.032” wire had the least shear bond strength.

Conclusions
The site of failure was unrelated to wire diameter or adhesive. The optimal combination to maximise the bond strength of fixed retainers appeared to be a specific retainer adhesive and a wire diameter of 0.0215″.
A comparison of shear bond strength of brackets bonded to zirconia
Authors: Knott Hannah , Xu Xiaoming , Kee Edwin , Yu Qingzhao , Armbruster Paul , Ballard Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to highly translucent zirconia surfaces following the use of two different primers.
Materials and methods:<Three types of highly translucent zirconia crowns, Cercon xt ML, e.max ZirCAD, and STML-ML Katana Zirconia, were milled, sandblasted, and primed using two zirconia primers, Monobond Etch and Prime and Z-Prime Plus. A ceramic bracket (Radiance) was bonded onto the facial surface of each crown. Shear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine.
Results: There was no significant overall difference across the six experimental groups regarding shear bond strength. The use of the two tested zirconia primers resulted in comparable and clinically acceptable shear bond strengths.
Conclusions: Both tested zirconia primers were associated with adequate bond strength when bonding a ceramic orthodontic bracket to the three highly translucent zirconia substrates.
Prevalence and pattern of permanent tooth agenesis among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Nor Nadia , Kamarudin Yasmin , Seong Lim Ghee , Sulaiman Nur Shahirra , Atirah Anuar Siti Aisyah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of hypodontia among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia.Materials and methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of 813 patients were obtained from the records of the orthodontic clinic over five years (2014–2018). The presence of hypodontia was recorded and crosschecked with clinical notes. The association of gender and ethnicity was analysed using the Chi-squared test (p< 0.05).Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.9%, with both mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors being most commonly and equally affected teeth at 17.9%. Three patients had up to five missing teeth. No severe hypodontia was recorded. The prevalence was highest among the Chinese (8.3%), followed by Malay (7.9%) and the Indian (6.3%) population. Gender and ethnicity were found not to be associated with hypodontia. The most common missing tooth for Malays was the mandibular central incisor, for the Chinese was the mandibular lateral incisor and for the Indian population was the mandibular second premolar.Conclusion: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.9%. The prevalence of hypodontia was 8.3% for the Chinese, 7.9% for Malay and 6.3% for the Indian population. The most common missing teeth were the mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors.
Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in patients with different vertical skeletal patterns
Authors: Bolat Esra , Alkis Humeyra Tercanli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate condylar, ramal and condylar+ramal mandibular vertical asymmetry in a group of patients with different vertical skeletal patterns.
Methods: Mandibular condylar and ramal measurements of 104 patients were performed on panoramic radiographic images and asymmetry indices were obtained according to the Habets’ formula. The study groups consisted of 35 hypodivergent, 34 normodivergent and 35 hyperdivergent patients. Data were statistically analysed by means of two-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and Pearson chi square tests.
Results: Ramal height was significantly higher in the hypodivergent group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the vertical skeletal pattern groups in relation to the asymmetry indices (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Condylar asymmetry values were found to be higher than a 3% threshold value in all groups, but no significant differences were observed between the groups. The effect of the vertical skeletal pattern on vertical mandibular asymmetry was found to be insignificant.
Evaluation of the trabecular structure of the mandibular condyles by fractal analysis in patients with different dentofacial skeletal patterns
Authors: Korkmaz Yasemin Nur , Arslan Semiha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: An orthodontic malocclusion may affect the temporomandibular joint structures in susceptible individuals. This study aims to investigate the bone density of the mandibular condyles in patients presenting with different dentofacial skeletal patterns.
Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 200 randomly selected patients with a skeletal and dental Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusion were evaluated. Bone density of the right and left mandibular condyles was measured using fractal analysis.
Results: No significant difference was detected between the right and left condyles in the various malocclusion groups. However, post-hoc tests showed that Class I patients had significantly higher FD values than Class III and Class II division 1 patients in both right and left condyles following intergroup comparisons. The only significant difference between the genders was detected in the left condyle of Class II division 1 patients, as male patients were found to have significantly higher FD values than females.
Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that Class II division 1 and Class III patients displayed significantly lower fractal dimension (FD) values in their mandibular condyles when compared to Class I patients. This might be associated with the possible presence of a temporomandibular disorder in Class II division I patients which resulted in changes to condylar structure, and with less bone complexity in the temporomandibular joint of older Class III patients likely due to continued condylar growth.
Innovative activity in the production of the military-industrial complex in the digital economy
Authors: Зайцев И.А. , Секерин В.Д. 
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрено место инноваций в цифровой экономике. Рассмотрены тенденции развития инноваций в оборонно-промышленном комплексе. Приведена аналитика инноваций в ключевых областях: робототехнике, военном машиностроении, в сенсорных системах, военной логистике. Проведено сравнение России с другими странами, в частности по робототехнике описан опыт США и Германии. В области машиностроения рассмотрен опыт России, США и Южной Кореи. Приведена статистика военных расходов 20 стран.
The article considers the place of innovation in the digital economy. The trends in the development of innovations in the military-industrial complex are considered. The analytics of innovations in key areas: robotics, military engineering, in sensor systems, military logistics. Russia is compared with other countries, in particular, the experience of the USA and Germany is described in robotics. In the field of engineering, the experience of Russia, the USA and South Korea is considered. Statistics of military spending of 20 countries are given.
Dairy farming in the national food security infrastructure
Authors: Хабипов Р.Р. , Серебрякова Т.Ю. , Хмелев С.А. 
Published: September 2021

В торговле молоком преобладает импорт над экспортом, что влияет на продовольственную безопасность страны. Обоснована возможность увеличения производства молока в России на основе структурных сдвигов среди видов организационно-правовых форм хозяйств, работающих в молочном животноводстве. Предложены меры по улучшению деловой активности в племенной работе и увеличению производства молока на основе внедрения инновационных проектов. Предлагается расширить предпринимательскую деятельность животноводов в молочном скотоводстве, повысить качество работы по увеличению доли племенного молочного скота.
The milk trade is dominated by imports over exports, which affects the country's food security. The possibility of increasing milk production in Russia is justified on the basis of structural changes among the types of organizational and legal forms of farms operating in dairy farming. Measures to improve business activity in breeding work and increase milk production based on the introduction of innovative projects are proposed. It is proposed to expand the entrepreneurial activity of livestock breeders in dairy cattle breeding, to improve the quality of work to increase the share of breeding dairy cattle.
Estimation the share of enterprises with high rates growth in number of employees according to data for 2020
Authors: Пиньковецкая Ю.С. 
Published: September 2021

Цель статьи заключалась в оценке показателей, описывающих удельные веса быстрорастущих предприятий и предприятий с высоким потенциалом роста численности работников, в общем количестве активных предприятий по регионам России. Исследование основывалось на официальных статистических данных за 2020 год. В процессе исследования были изучены следующие показатели: удельный вес быстрорастущих предприятий, удельный вес предприятий с высоким потенциалом роста, удельный вес количества таких предприятий в общем количестве активных предприятий.
Aim of paper is to measure the indicators describing the specific weight of fast-growing enterprises and enterprises with a high potential for increase in quantity of workers in the whole quantity of active organizations in the regions of Russia. The study was based on official statistics for 2020. In the discussing research, such indicators were studied: the share of fast-growing enterprises, the share of enterprises with high growth potential, the share of quantity of that organizations in the whole quantity of active firms.
Analysis of the Development Potential of Creative Industries in Volgograd Region
Authors: Акимова О.Е. , Волков С.К. , Кузлаева И.М. 
Published: September 2021

В статье проведен анализ потенциала развития креативных индустрий в сельских поселениях Волгоградской области, в ходе которого была выявлена неравномерность географического распределения креативных предприятий, а также их сосредоточенность в крупных городах. Определены экономические виды деятельности предприятий, являющиеся наиболее перспективными в условиях креативизации хозяйственной деятельности. Опровергнут тезис об отсутствии монополии на творческую деятельность и развитие креативной экономики у крупных городов в рамках Волгоградской области. Предложены меры по устранению структурных проблем, имеющихся в сельских территориях и препятствующих креативному развитию региона .
The article analyzes the potential for the development of creative industries in rural settlements of the Volgograd region, which revealed the uneven geographical distribution of creative enterprises, and their concentration in large cities. The economic activities of enterprises that are the most promising in the conditions of creativization of economic activity are identified. The thesis about the absence of a monopoly on creative activity and the development of the creative economy in large cities within the Volgograd region is refuted. Measures are proposed to eliminate the structural problems that exist in rural areas and hinder the creative development of the region.
The main trends of digital transformation in the economy of the EAEU countries
Authors: Сопилко Н.Ю. , Мясникова О.Ю. 
Published: September 2021

В статье определена роль развития цифровизации для государств Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС), подчеркнута ее перспективность в контексте интеграционных процессов. Дана характеристика имеющихся предпосылок для развития цифровой экономики на пространстве ЕАЭС. Выделены основные тренды проведения цифровизации, определены стратегически важные сферы для ее внедрения в регионе ЕАЭС, а также рассмотрены имеющиеся барьеры, препятствующие этому процессу. Отмечено, что принятие цифровой повестки откроет новые возможности для развития общих рынков государств ЕАЭС и позволит получать дополнительные конкурентные преимущества.
The role of digitalization development in economy of the EAEU countries is noted in the paper. Its urgency and prospects are emphasized in the context of integration processes of the region. The characteristics of existing prerequisites for digital economy development in the EAEU space are performed. The main trends of digitalization are identified, strategically important areas for its implementation in the EAEU region are described, and the existing barriers are considered. It is concluded that the adoption of digital agenda will open up new opportunities for common markets development of the EAEU members and it will allow obtaining additional competitive advantages.
Assessment of indicators of innovation activity and implementation of the policy of state support for small innovative business in the Russian Federation
Authors: Абдулвагапова А.А. 
Published: September 2021

В статье представлены результаты оценки внешних и внутренних факторов, оказывающих влияние на реальный объем инновационных товаров, работ и услуг посредством построения модели по панельным данным за 2011-2018 годы по семидесяти двум регионам Российской Федерации. Было выявлено приблизительно тождественное влияния численности научно-исследовательского персонала и вводимых в действие общих площадей жилых домов на зависимую переменную. Также представлены результаты проведенного опроса собственников малого бизнеса на предмет выявления факторов-ограничителей, препятствующих инновационной деятельности.
The article presents the results of assessing external and internal factors that influence the real volume of innovative goods, works and services by building a model based on panel data for 2011-2018 for seventy-two regions of the Russian Federation. It was found that the influence of the number of research personnel and the total area of residential buildings put into operation on the dependent variable was approximately identical. Also presented are the results of a survey of small business owners in order to identify factors-constraints that impede innovation.
Research on the demand for reference legal systems in Russia using Power BI
Authors: Царькова Н.И. , Тарасов А.Н. 
Published: September 2021

Основная цель статьи состоит в обработке больших данных, генерируемых компаниями, разрабатывающие справочные правовые системы. Задача заключается в визуализации количества клиентов, сегментированных по городам для исследования распространённости справочных правовых систем в регионе. В качестве инструмента обработки больших данных и визуализации полученных итогов используется продукт компании Microsoft - Power BI. Авторы анализируют уникальные значения количества клиентов, в зависимости от города и выявляют регионы с наименьшим количеством пользователей. В заключении были подведены итоги исследования и разработаны планы на дальнейшую работу с использованием полученных результатов.
The main purpose of the article is to process big data generated by companies that develop reference legal systems. The task is to visualize the number of clients segmented by city to study the prevalence of reference legal systems in the region. Microsoft's Power BI product is used as a tool for processing big data and visualizing the results. The authors analyze the unique values of the number of customers, depending on the city, and identify the regions with the lowest number of users. In conclusion, the results of the study were summarized and plans were developed for further work using the results obtained.