bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of AtSPS on the Growth and Development of Arabidopsis thaliana under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Zhao Bao-Zhen , Yu Yang , Yang Zhi , Ding Qi , Cui Na 
Published: October 2021

Aims: SPS (Sucrose phosphate synthase) participates in plant growth and yield formation, and plays an important role in plant stress resistance. This study used T-DNA insertion mutant of AtSPS in Arabidopsis as test material. The growth indexes and soluble sugar contents of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress, osmotic stress and low temperature stress were determined, which laid the foundation for further understanding the mechanism of SPS in plant growth and development and abiotic stress resistance.
Study Design: In order to analyze the mechanism of SPS in plant growth and development and abiotic stress resistance, this study used T-DNA insertion mutant of AtSPS in Arabidopsis as test material. The growth indexes and soluble sugar contents of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress, osmotic stress and low temperature stress were determined.
Place and Duration of Study: College of Biological Science and Technology, between December 2020 and May 2021.
Methodology: The contents of soluble sugar in tomato fruits were measured with HPLC (High
performance liquid chromatography). The growth indexes were determined.
Results: The results showed that AtSPS played positive regulation roles in seed germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. However, under abiotic stress conditions, AtSPS mutant increased the contents of soluble sugar, suggesting that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings might improve resistance through osmotic regulating substances.
Conclusion: AtSPS played positive regulation roles in seed germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, AtSPS mutant increased the contents of soluble sugar to increase resistance of Arabidopsis under abiotic stresses, and the growth and development were blocked, suggesting that SPS was negative regulatory element to resist abiotic stress.
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Favipiravir in Spiked Human Plasma by using RP-HPLC
Authors: V. Duse Pallavi , G. Baheti Kamalkishor 
Published: October 2021

A precise, simple and reproducible reverse phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for determination of Favipiravir by using Carbamazepine as internal standard in spiked human plasma. A chromatographic separation was accomplished with Cromasil C18 (250mm x 4.6ID, Particle size: 5 micron) column using mobile phase consists of methanol: water in the ratio (35:65, %v/v), at pH 3.0 with binary gradient system-maintained flow rate at 0.8ml/min. The detection wavelength of drug sample was at 225 nm. Extraction was done by using ethyl acetate as extracting solvent. The retention time of Favipiravir was found to be 6.62 min. The method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.2-3.2 µg/ml. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) value was found to be 0.72. The intra- and inter day precision and accuracy lies within the specified range. The recovery studies were found to be in the range of 97.6 to 100.2%. %Relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be in the range of 0.07-2.80%. All parameters were found to be validated from spiked human plasma. The proposed RP-HPLC method is highly accurate and rapid for the determination of favipiravir in human plasma and can be applied for pharmacokinetic studies and Therapeutic drug monitoring.
Forensic Odontology Knowledge Analysis among Undergraduates Dental Students in Saudi Aribia
Authors: Alsowayigh Kholod , Almajaishe Rawan , Shareef Shatha , Alateeq Hassan , Alaskar Norah , Alamoudi Asmahan , Alzahrani Khames 
Published: October 2021

Aims: This study aims to measure the knowledge and awareness level towards Forensic odontology and Bite mark analysis among Dental students in Saudi Arabia.
Study Design: This is an observational cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in Saudi Arabia from July to August 2021.
Methodology: The study’s population consisted of Dental undergraduate in Saudi Arabia. Our Inclusion criteria: Male and Female, Private or Public, Dental Intern and dental students in Saudi national or non-Saudi. And Agree to Participate. The sample size was estimated using the Qualtrics calculator with a confidence level of 95%; a sample size of 386. Google Form was used as study tools the questionnaire contained 8 Questions. The First question includes information about years of study, the second question Name the College of a student, and other questions include questions on knowledge about Forensic odontology and Bite Mark analysis, and would they wish this specialization would be Available to us in Saudi Arabia
Results: A total of 386 participants completed the survey questionnaire. The results showed that the 75.4% of the study participants were females compared to 24.6% of them were males. it can be noted that approximately 75% of the study participants were in advance levels of their education (fourth year or after) compared to 25% of students were at inception phase of their study.
Conclusion: Every dental student must have knowledge of forensic dentistry because it is important to preserve the rights and assist the legal and security authorities in identifying victims and suspects and gaining awareness to accurately.
Prevalence of Adverse Reactions to Different COVID-19 Vaccinations among Karachi Residents
Authors: Malik Hira Ahmed , Faraz Aisha , Bhatty Afreen , Mumtaz Tayyaba , Zafar Urooj , Khurram Samreen 
Published: October 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged in Karachi and rapidly spread throughout Pakistan Since February 26, 2020.
Objectives: Vaccination is currently one of the most effective COVID-19 eradication approach. The purpose of this study was to gather data on the adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Methodology: It was an observational study that was carried out between the 11th and 23rd of April 2021, and the participants were Karachi residents. We looked at the proportion of self-reported local and systemic adverse effects within seven days of immunization in people who filled out Google forms and received one or two doses of the vaccine.
Results: The vaccination ratio for male was slight higher than females. Participants aged between 51 to 60 years and 41 to 50 years had higher number of vaccinations. Sinopharm is by far the most widely used vaccine. After the first dose of vaccination, the majority of participants complained of fever, chills, muscle pain, and arm pain, whereas after the second dose, the majority of participants had no symptoms, with a few participants complaining of fever, chills, diarrhea, and muscle pain.
Conclusion: The first and second doses' post-vaccination adverse effects were mild and predictable, and there were no hospitalizations; this data can help lessen vaccine hesitancy.
Promoting Feliz Guest House Surabaya by Emphasizing Its Unique Selling Points in Its Marketing Booklet
Authors: Sanjaya Gitta 
Published: October 2021

Feliz Guest House is a 2-star hotel which located at Jl. Raya Kendangsari No. 80, Surabaya. FGH is a guesthouse with a concept of a mini hotel. Their main competitors are Home Guest House, SepuluhEnam Homestay, and Savira Guest House. The main problem that FGH is facing is the decline of occupancy rate in the past three years. To solve the problem, I think FGH needs a marketing booklet that can help them promote and emphasize its unique selling points. A marketing booklet will be a good solution to the problem is because FGH can effectively promote the business to potential customers. By knowing the purpose of the company and its uniqueness, it will create a positive image on the customers’ mind. The benefit that the company will get is that they can use it to promote their company and its products to the new customers in order to increase the sales. Keywords: Promotion, Promotional Tool, Unique Selling Points, Marketing Booklet.
Masculinity in Selected L-Men Advertisements
Authors: Prasetyo Albertus Sebastian Adi 
Published: October 2021

This study analyzes how L-Men persuades its target market to buy its products through the use of a masculinity image in its two advertisements. The two advertisements which the writer studied are entitled “L-Men 2018: 2Go & Gain Mass: Men’s Guide” and “Iklan L-Men Gain Mass Terbaru 2014 Versi Albert Sultan”. In order to find out how masculinity is portrayed in the two advertisements, the researcher sets his analysis on the advertisements’ verbal and non-verbal expressions. In so doing, the researcher conducts his analysis using the theory of Multimodal Discourse Analysis. Within the findings, it is revealed that despite both advertisements are indeed portraying masculinity, how each advertisement shows what is seen as masculine is different from one another. One advertisement shows that masculinity is based on a man’s aesthetical appearance and the other advertisement shows that masculinity is based on the physical strength of a man. Keywords: Multimodal Discourse Analysis, Masculinity, Advertisement, L-Men
The Maturity Process of Pi in Life of Pi
Authors: Purnomo Gracia 
Published: October 2021

This thesis discusses the process of maturity of Pi in Life of Pi. I am curious to find out how Pi is mature from his childhood, teenager, and adulthood. Therefore, I use Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development to find out the influence of the society that Pi lives in. In each stage of Pi’s development, I study his character traits and I see the outcome. In addition, I am using psychological development to find out what is inside Pi’s mind and what is his way of thinking. Throughout the process, Pi faces some obstacles or psychosocial crisis from his surroundings especially from his father and friends in his childhood and early teenager years. However, because of the obstacles from his surroundings, Pi becomes mature in taking his actions and decisions. In addition, Pi faces a big situation that is surviving in the sea with Richard Parker. I can see from this experience, Pi finds his identities that are self-acceptance, compassion, patience, honesty, gratitude, self-control, accountability, open-mindedness, and humility. Despite the hardship from his childhood and teenage years, Pi manages to be emotionally mature. As a result, Pi is indeed mature in his life and it can be seen in his adulthood. Pi has an intimate relationship with his wife and children. Keywords: Maturity Process, Identity, Role Confusion, Adulthood, Life of Pi
Swear Words Translation in The Raid Movie and Its Classification
Authors: Pattiselanno Evandio Zefanya 
Published: October 2021

This study wanted to help the reader to understand about the classification of swear words in “The Raid” movie’s dialogue. The writer used Larson’s (1984) kinds of translation (literal and idiomatic translation). The writer was interested in analyzing the swear words, especially the classification of translation whether it match to the original meaning or not, for example “anjing” becomes “dog”, “bajingan” becomes “bastard” or being translated using different swear words in the English subtitle of the movie. The writer found that there are so many dialogues translated using swear words on the subtitle of the movie while the dialogue itself does not have any swear words. The rest of other swear words are being translated match with its original meaning, and there are also different translation. Keywords: translation, swear word, subtitle, literal translation, idiomatic translation
The Perceived Meanings of Tokopedia Advertisement Video, “Berikan yang Paling Berarti untuk yang Berarti”
Authors: Novelyn L 
Published: October 2021

Delivering a message from an advertisement is important to know whether the message that a company wants to transfer is well-delivered or not because the background of audiences may affect them in interpreting the message. Thus, the writer aims to the writer aims to discover how background education affects people to produce information by observing the perceived meanings produced by English Department respondents and Engineering Department respondents. To do so, the writer uses verbal and non-verbal communications Tokopedia "Berikan yang Paling Berarti untuk yang Berarti" advertisement video. The writer applies Saussure's process of signification and Peirce's three sign mode to analyze the perceived meanings from the respondents. Based on the analysis, the writer discovers all respondents mainly use symbolic mode in producing messages which means the respondents interpret the data by relating it with their personal association. Nonetheless, Engineering Department's respondents use indexical mode more often than English Department's respondents in producing some meanings. Thus, the writer sees that English Department respondents mostly produce moral messages while Engineering Department respondents just mention the storyline. In conclusion, background knowledge indeed affects people to perceive meanings. Keywords: Process of Signification, Perceived Meaning, Verbal and Non-verbal Communication.
A Study of Speech Styles Used by the Host in Mata Najwa and Catatan Najwa
Authors: Anggraini Angelia 
Published: October 2021

I conducted this study to investigate speech styles used by Najwa as the host in Mata Najwa Part 8 - Republik Digital: Bisnis Digital dan Peluangnya, Mata Najwa Part 9 - Republik Digital: Tips Membangun Bisnis Digital, and Catatan Najwa Part 2 - Ide-Ide Brilian Bos Sido Muncul to the younger and older guests. The underlying theory used is Speech Style from Chaer and Agustina (2010) and Indonesian: Standard Indonesian (Bahasa Baku) and Non-standard Indonesian (Bahasa Tidak Baku) from Prihantini (2015). This study was done using a qualitative approach. The data analysis revealed that Najwa as the host of Mata Najwa and Catatan Najwa, used formal style, consultative style, casual style, and intimate style when talking to her younger and older guests. Najwa did not use the frozen style when talking to her guests. Keywords: speech styles, age, host, talk show
Extracellular cAMP: The Past and Visiting the Future in cAMP‐Enriched Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Bhadra Aritra , Hewes Jenny L. , Scruggs April , Zhou Chun , Lee Ji Young , Bauer Natalie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is recently discovered that the cyclic nucleotide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be enriched in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from endothelial cells. In the current perspective a historical context for the discovery of the extracellular cAMP is provided. The story of extracellular cAMP through investigations addressing the molecule's role in the adenosine pathway is followed, which is widespread in mammalian physiology. The adenosine pathway mediates normal physiological conditions such as renin release, phosphate transport, etc., and participates in pathological conditions such as bronchoconstriction of the airways. Furthermore, adenosine mediated biological pathways are regulated via the receptor mediated intracellular cAMP pathway in mammalian cells. It then speculates on the question of whether cAMP enriched EVs could bypass typical receptor mediated cell signaling and directly activate cAMP signaling cascade in target cells. Preliminary studies to suggest cAMP enriched EVs are provided, added to naïve endothelial cells, results in an increase in intracellular cAMP. An alternate mechanism is proposed, apart from the traditional adenosine pathway, that extracellular cAMP may exert its effects and put into perspective how it might consider circulating cAMP moving forward.
Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains Increase Charge Generation in Organic Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kosco Jan , Gonzalez‐Carrero Soranyel , Howells Calvyn T. , Zhang Weimin , Moser Maximilian , Sheelamanthula Rajendar , Zhao Lingyun , Willner Benjamin , Hidalgo Tania C. , Faber Hendrik , Purushothaman Balaji , Sachs Michael , Cha Hyojung , Sougrat Rachid , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Inal Sahika , Durrant James R. , McCulloch Iain 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) composed of an electron donor/acceptor (D/A) semiconductor blend have recently emerged as an efficient class of hydrogen‐evolution photocatalysts. It is demonstrated that using conjugated polymers functionalized with (oligo)ethylene glycol side chains in NP photocatalysts can greatly enhance their H2‐evolution efficiency compared to their nonglycolated analogues. The strategy is broadly applicable to a range of structurally diverse conjugated polymers. Transient spectroscopic studies show that glycolation facilitates charge generation even in the absence of a D/A heterojunction, and further suppresses both geminate and nongeminate charge recombination in D/A NPs. This results in a high yield of photogenerated charges with lifetimes long enough to efficiently drive ascorbic acid oxidation, which is correlated with greatly enhanced H2‐evolution rates in the glycolated NPs. Glycolation increases the relative permittivity of the semiconductors and facilitates water uptake. Together, these effects may increase the high‐frequency relative permittivity inside the NPs sufficiently, to cause the observed suppression of exciton and charge recombination responsible for the high photocatalytic activities of the glycolated NPs.
Dual Phase Change Thermal Diodes with High Rectification for Thermal Management near Room Temperature
Authors: Kommandur Sampath , Kishore Ravi Anant , Booten Chuck , Cui Shuang , Wheeler Lance M. , Vidal Judith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThermal diodes are passive systems that modulate their thermal resistance depending on the direction of temperature gradient, thereby allowing preferential directional heat flow. A dual phase thermal diode consists of a junction between two phase change materials that have opposing temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity trends, and whose performance (i.e., rectification ratio) is related to the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the different phases. In this work, a dual phase change diode with a rectification ratio of ≈3.5 for an applied temperature bias of ≈40 K is presented, which is among the highest‐performing junction diodes based on phase change materials at the macroscale for near room temperature applications. The diode is composed of an aqueous solution of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), a thermo‐responsive polymer, and calcium chloride hexahydrate—a solid‐liquid phase change material. Experimental insights are provided into the contributions of different heat transfer mechanisms, conduction, and convection, and the effect of concentration of the thermo‐responsive polymer.
Green schoolyard renovations in low‐income urban neighborhoods: Benefits to students, schools, and the surrounding community
Authors: Bohnert Amy M. , Nicholson Laura M. , Mertz Laurel , Bates Carolyn R. , Gerstein Dana E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGreen schoolyards may buffer against the effects of urbanization through increasing access to nature and its benefits. The present study was a community‐academic partnership that examined the effects of green schoolyard renovations on utilization, physical activity (PA), and social interactions as well as perceptions of safety, neighborhood climate, and social cohesion among those living in low‐income, urban neighborhoods. Utilizing behavioral mapping techniques and multi‐informant surveys (i.e., caregivers, teachers, and community members), changes from pre‐ to postrenovation were assessed at two low‐income, urban schools. Behavioral mapping results demonstrated increases in utilization and prosocial interactions among youth from pre‐ to postrenovation. Levels of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA also increased from pre‐ to postrenovation at one school. Survey data from community stakeholders revealed improvements in the perception of schoolyard safety and school–community relationships as well as reductions in bullying postrenovation. Green schoolyards may offer a safe space for children and adults to engage in social, outdoor activities, particularly in low‐income, urban neighborhoods.
Deoxygenation of Epoxides with Hexamethyldigermane Catalyzed by Au Nanoparticles on TiO2
Authors: Louka Anastasia , Stratakis Manolis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMono‐ and disubstituted epoxides undergo quantitative deoxygenation into the corresponding alkenes by hexamethyldigermane (Me3GeGeMe3) in the presence of 1 mol% of supported Au nanoparticles on TiO2, with digermane being transformed into the corresponding digermoxane. Tri‐ and tetrasubstituted epoxides react either poorly or remain intact, allowing thus the selective intermolecular deoxygenation of a monosubstituted epoxide in the presence of a highly substituted one. Stereoisotopic studies and Hammett‐type kinetics indicate a dipolar transition state of the deoxygenation process, whose degree of polarity profile depends on the substituents. For alkyl‐substituted epoxides the deoxygenation is almost stereospecific (retention of configuration), while for the aryl‐substituted ones, in which the dipolar character is more profound, substantial loss of stereospecificity is observed.
Divergent and Modular Synthesis of Terpenoid Scaffolds via a AuI Catalyzed One‐Pot Cascade
Authors: Tran Huy , Revol Guillaume , Poyser Alyson , Barriault Louis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA one‐pot cascade sequence to generate synthetically challenging polycyclic scaffolds is reported utilizing a novel Lewis acid gold catalyst for the key cyclization step, enabling the divergent synthesis of both 6,6,5‐tricyclic and 6,6,6,5‐tetracyclic cores through both ligand and reaction condition control. We have combined the intrinsic complexity and stereoselectivity of cycloadditions with the electronic and steric properties of gold complexes to selectively generate complex polycyclic scaffolds in a single operation.
Fluorination Triggers Fluoroalkylation: Nucleophilic Perfluoro‐tert‐butylation with 1,1‐Dibromo‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylene (DBBF) and CsF
Authors: Wang Qian , Tao Quan , Dong Hui , Ni Chuanfa , Xie Xiaoming , Hu Jinbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerfluoro‐tert‐butylation reaction has long remained a challenging task. We now report the use of 1,1‐dibromo‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylene (DBBF) as a practical reagent for perfluoro‐tert‐butylation reactions for the first time. Through a consecutive triple‐fluorination process with DBBF and CsF, the (CF3)3C− species can be liberated and observed, which is able to serve as a robust nucleophilic perfluoro‐tert‐butylating agent for various electrophiles. The power of this synthetic protocol is evidenced by the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse perfluoro‐tert‐butylated molecules. Multiple applications demonstrate the practicability of this method, as well as the superiority of perfluoro‐tert‐butylated compounds as sensitive probes. The perfluoro‐tert‐butylated product was successfully applied in 1H‐ and 19F‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment with an ultra‐low field (ULF) MRI system.