bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning versus ophthalmologists for screening for glaucoma on fundus examination: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Buisson Mathieu , Navel Valentin , Labbé Antoine , Watson Stephanie L. , Baker Julien S. , Murtagh Patrick , Chiambaretta Frédéric , Dutheil Frédéric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to compare deep learning versus ophthalmologists in glaucoma diagnosis on fundus examinations.MethodPubMed, Cochrane, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and ScienceDirect databases were searched for studies reporting a comparison between the glaucoma diagnosis performance of deep learning and ophthalmologists on fundus examinations on the same datasets, until 10 December 2020. Studies had to report an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) with SD or enough data to generate one.ResultsWe included six studies in our meta‐analysis. There was no difference in AUC between ophthalmologists (AUC = 82.0, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 65.4–98.6) and deep learning (97.0, 89.4–104.5). There was also no difference using several pessimistic and optimistic variants of our meta‐analysis: the best (82.2, 60.0–104.3) or worst (77.7, 53.1–102.3) ophthalmologists versus the best (97.1, 89.5–104.7) or worst (97.1, 88.5–105.6) deep learning of each study. We did not retrieve any factors influencing those results.ConclusionDeep learning had similar performance compared to ophthalmologists in glaucoma diagnosis from fundus examinations. Further studies should evaluate deep learning in clinical situations.
On the importance of defendable resources for social evolution: Applying new techniques to a long‐standing question
Authors: Jungwirth Arne , Nührenberg Paul , Jordan Alex 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCooperative behaviour often co‐occurs with the defence of key resources, typically in the form of a breeding site or territory communally exploited by a group of cooperating individuals. Nevertheless, not all animals that defend resources evolve advanced forms of cooperation and sociality—many non‐cooperative species occupy resources that do not differ in obvious ways from those inhabited by cooperative species. A key question is thus whether cooperation confers more subtle benefits, for example by allowing access to higher quality resources through competitive exclusion of less social rivals. In other words, it is not clear whether defendable resources are a necessary precondition for sociality or whether they also contribute to the maintenance and enhancement of cooperative societies. Here, we highlight how advances in imaging technology, machine‐learning, and environmental reconstruction enable the collection of behavioural and ecological data in unparalleled quantity and quality to address this question. These new techniques are especially suited to compare small‐scale differences in resource use between cooperative and non‐cooperative species that share a general habitat and have similar ecologies. The lamprologine cichlids of Lake Tanganyika are a prominent example of such a system and Michael Taborsky's pioneering work on this group has done much to promote these fishes as models of social evolution. We show that habitat features indicative of increased resource quality, namely increased stone cover, are indeed associated with the distribution of cooperative cichlids—at least where these resources are relatively scarce. We thus support a point Michael Taborsky made in 1981: the evolution of cooperative behaviour among cichlids is tied to their close association with a crucial resource, the substrate in which they hide and breed. In the future, the techniques we introduce here will allow to also investigate whether this substrate is indeed more than just the necessary precondition for cooperation among fishes; in addition, they will likely find application in a wide range of research fields interested in the interplay between biotic and abiotic environmental factors.
Shimajiri Group equivalent sedimentary rocks dredged from sea knolls off Kume Island, central Ryukyus: Implications for timing and mode of rifting of the middle Okinawa Trough back‐arc basin
Authors: Kikunaga Ritoko , Song Ke‐han , Chiyonobu Shun , Fujita Kazuhiko , Shinjo Ryuichi , Okino Kyoko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe late Cenozoic geohistory of the Ryukyu arc is closely related to the rifting history of the Okinawa Trough. The submarine geology and stratigraphy of areas around Kume Island, which is situated near the eastern rifted margin of the middle Okinawa Trough, provide key constraints to understand the timing and mode of Okinawa Trough rifting. Here we report the lithology of sedimentary rocks dredged along slopes of ~1000‐m‐deep sea knolls located north and northwest off Kume Island, and their depositional ages determined by calcareous nannofossils and strontium (Sr) isotope analyses. Various types of sedimentary rocks, such as siltstone, very fine‐grained sandstone, medium‐grained sandstone, fossiliferous coarse‐grained sandstone, and tuffaceous sandstone, were recovered at two dredge sites. These sedimentary rocks are lithologically similar to those in the Aka Formation and a part of the Maja Formation of the Shimajiri Group in nearby Kume Island. Calcareous nannofossils and Sr isotope analyses indicate their depositional ages from the early Pliocene to the early Pleistocene, which are generally consistent with those of the Aka Formation. The finding of the dredged rocks similar in lithology and ages to the Aka Formation indicates that marine deltaic area continued toward north and northwest from Kume Island during these periods. The presence of the Shimajiri Group equivalent sedimentary rocks at the dredge sites are likely related to the main rifting of the Okinawa Trough after ca. 2 Ma in the central Ryukyus.
Effects on Al2O3 and La2O3 additions on electrochemical performances of laser‐cladded WC10Co4Cr coatings
Authors: Jiangzheng Shi , Dejun Kong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAl2O3 and La2O3‐reinforced WC10Co4Cr coatings were fabricated on Cr12MoV steel by laser cladding (LC). The microstructure and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using a digital microscopic system (DMS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effects of Al2O3 and La2O3 mass fractions on the electrochemical corrosion performances of WC10Co4Cr coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated on an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the WC10Co4Cr with the different Al2O3 mass fractions are composed of Co4W2C, WC, Al2O3, W2C, and Fe‐Cr phases, and the La2O3‐reinforced WC10Co4Cr‐Al2O3 coatings are composed of WC, W2C, Al2O3, La2O3, LaAlO3, and Fe‐Cr phases. The corrosion current density icorrof the substrate, WC10Co4Cr‐Al2O3, and WC10Co4Cr‐Al2O3‐La2O3 coatings decreases from 2.424 × 10−5 to 6.840 × 10−7 A•cm−2; and the corresponding polarization resistance Rp and charge transfer resistance Rct increase from 1371 to 64 536 Ω•cm2 and from 1568 to 14 020 Ω•cm2, respectively. The La2O3‐reinforced WC10Co4Cr‐Al2O3 coatings have higher electrochemical corrosion resistance than the Al2O3‐reinforced WC10Co4Cr coatings, and the WC10Co4Cr‐6%Al2O3‐9%La2O3 coating presents the highest electrochemical corrosion resistance among all the experimental coatings.
Application of an optimized interpretation model in capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis for newborn thalassemia screening
Authors: Zou Jie , Huang Shuodan , Xi Hui , Huang Cidan , Zou Lin , Qiu Li , Nie Xinghui , Zhou Jin , Zhuang Yuchang , Chen Yajun , Xie Longxu , Liu Nansong , Lin Jiafu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionNewborn screening is an important supplement to thalassemia control and prevention. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology has several advantages for thalassemia screening but with low sensitivity, especially for thalassemia carriers. This study aims to illustrate the application of an optimized interpretation model in newborn thalassemia screening by capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis.MethodsTwo thousand, two hundred fifty‐eight neonates selected from four regions in China were enrolled and were screened for α‐thalassemia and β‐thalassemia by capillary electrophoresis. Results were interpreted based on an optimized model integrated with multiple parameters. Molecular analysis was carried out in synchrony and used as the gold standard for the screening performance assessment. The consistency among different regions and thalassemia genotypes were also investigated.ResultsAmong the 2258 neonates, 485 were identified to have a likely diagnosis of thalassemia, and 422 α‐thalassemia, 80 β‐thalassemia, and 21 α/β‐thalassemia cases were confirmed by molecular analysis, including 277 α‐thalassemia silent carriers, 135 α‐thalassemia trait carriers, 10 Hemoglobin H disease, and 80 β‐thalassemia trait carriers. The screening sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value for α‐thalassemia and β‐thalassemia were 84.83%, 99.14%, 95.98%, 96.41%, and 88.75%, 98.73%, 76.34%, and 99.48%, respectively. The optimized interpretation model showed higher performance for thalassemia carriers, though some neonates with silent α‐thalassemia genotypes (‐α3.7/αα, ‐α4.2/αα, and αWSα/αα) and β‐28/βN genotype were still missed. The screening performance among different regions was comparable.ConclusionsCapillary hemoglobin electrophoresis with the optimized interpretation model shows reliable performance for newborn thalassemia screening. It is applicable to large‐scale population screening.
Electrical performance and ferroelectric phase transition characteristic in different oriented 0.73PMN‐0.27PT single crystals
Authors: Deng Tingyu , Fang Bijun , Di Wenning , Chen Ziyun , Chen Jianwei , Jiao Jie , Luo Haosu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe electrical and optical properties of (001)‐ and (110)‐oriented 0.73 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.27PbTiO3 single crystals are systematically investigated at various temperatures, both of which present a series of ferroelectric phase transition processes. Dielectric performance measurements reveal that the ferroelectric phase transition occurs over a temperature range, rather than at one temperature point. By testing the ferroelectric hysteresis P–E curves as well as bipolar and unipolar electric field‐induced strain S–E curves, the values of remnant polarization, coercive field, maximum strain, and converse piezoelectric constant d33* change considerably near the phase transition temperatures. Simultaneously, the 0.73PMN‐0.27PT single crystals with (001)‐ and (110)‐orientations under a low electric field show ultrahigh d33* values of 3540 and 2817 pm/V, respectively, which can be attributed to the electric field‐induced monoclinic and orthorhombic phases, respectively. The series of ferroelectric phase transitions upon heating, that is, from rhombohedral ferroelectric to monoclinic/orthorhombic, followed by from monoclinic/orthorhombic to tetragonal, and finally from tetragonal to cubic paraelectric, are further investigated via polarized light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Effect of packaging materials on the shelf‐life of vermicelli supplemented with enzyme processed kinnow pulp residue
Authors: Singla Gisha , Panesar Parmjit S. , Sangwan Rajender S. , Krishania Meena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPackaging material has important role in the shelf‐life of food products. The present study has been focused on effect of packaging materials‐low density polyethylene (LDPE) pouch and bi‐axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) pouch on the quality of vermicelli produced by supplementation of debittered kinnow pulp residue with storage time. The moisture content of supplemented vermicelli increased from 5.11 to 7.12% in LDPE pouches after 90 days and 5.11 to 6.98% in BOPP pouches after 180 days. Hardness decreased from 28.89 to 13.42 N in LDPE pouches after 90 days and 28.89 to 15.98 N in BOPP pouches after 180 days (p ˃ 0.05) during storage conditions. The total plate count was found to be more in vermicelli stored in LDPE pouches as compared to samples in BOPP pouches. On the basis of overall acceptability, the supplemented vermicelli samples packed in LDPE pouches were stable up to 90 days and in BOPP up to 180 days. BOPP has potential for commercial packaging for antioxidant‐rich extruded food products without adversely affecting their physiochemical and sensory properties.Practical applicationsFood industry waste consists of high amount of nutrients and minerals and fiber content, but due to bitterness causing compounds especially in citrus byproducts, these cannot be used directly in preparation of healthy extruded products. Enzyme debittering of kinnow juice industry byproducts was carried out and then supplemented into vermicelli. Study has been focused upon the storage stability of the supplemented extruded product in different packaging materials. The supplementation of enzyme debittered kinnow pulp residue can enhance the antioxidant activity and dietary fiber content of vermicelli besides value addition of the byproduct. Furthermore, BOPP has potential for commercial packaging without adversely affecting their physiochemical and sensory properties as compared to LDPE pouches.
Association between vitamin D status and long‐term falls‐related hospitalization risk in older women
Authors: Sim Marc , Zhu Kun , Lewis Joshua R. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Prince Richard L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe dose–response relationship of vitamin D status and the risk of serious falls requiring hospitalization in older women is unclear. We examined the association between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with falls‐related hospitalizations over 14.5 years in a large cohort of older women.MethodsIn 1348 community‐dwelling Australian women aged ≥70 years, plasma 25OHD concentrations were assessed at baseline (1998) using LC–MS/MS. Fall‐related hospitalizations were obtained from linked data systems. Baseline grip strength and timed‐up‐and‐go (TUG) were assessed as measures of muscle strength and physical function, respectively.ResultsMean plasma 25OHD was 66.9 ± 28.2 nmol/L. The number of women in the low (LOW; <50 nmol/L), medium (MED; 50 to <75 nmol/L), and higher 25OHD (HIGH; ≥75 nmol/L) categories were 384 (28.5%), 491 (36.4%), and 473 (35.1%), respectively. In the multivariable‐adjusted analysis, compared to LOW, women in HIGH had significantly lower hazards for a falls‐related hospitalization (HR 0.76 95%CI 0.61–0.95). Restricted cubic spline regression models highlight increasing gradient of risk for a falls‐related hospitalization with decreasing 25OHD levels. Generalized additive modeling highlighted higher 25OHD to be associated with better TUG performance. Including TUG into the multivariable‐adjusted models did not alter the relationship between 25OHD and injurious falls (HIGH vs. LOW HR 0.76 95%CI 0.60–0.95).ConclusionsIn community‐dwelling older Australian women, maintaining plasma 25OHD at 75 nmol/L or above may confer benefits to muscle function and long‐term prevention of injurious falls requiring hospitalization. This relationship appears to be independent of better physical function observed in women with higher 25OHD levels.
Intracranial meningioma surveillance using volumetrics from T2‐weighted MRI
Authors: Raban David , Patel Sohil H. , Honce Justin M. , Rubinstein David , DeWitt Peter E. , Timpone Vincent M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe gold standard for imaging of meningiomas is MRI with gadolinium‐based contrast agent. Due to increased costs, time, and uncertain chronic effects of gadolinium exposure, use of noncontrast T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) in lieu of contrast‐enhanced MRI has been an increasing focus of research across various diagnostic scenarios. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of T2WI in detecting changes in meningioma tumor volume.MethodsImaging and clinical data were reviewed for 82 consecutive patients undergoing MR‐surveillance of intracranial meningioma. Using volumetric‐T2WI, two neuroradiologists independently calculated tumor volumes. Measurements were compared to a baseline study contrast‐enhanced T1 tumor volume. Using contrast‐enhanced sequences as the reference standard, statistical analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of T2WI in detecting changes of meningioma volume.ResultsUsing only T2WI, readers detected meningioma volume change ≥ 20% in 19/82 patients and volume change <20% in 63/82 patients. Reader accuracy for detecting change in tumor volume on T2WI ≥ 20% was 0.85, sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.93, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.79, and negative predictive value (NPV) 0.87. For meningiomas >1 ml, reader accuracy for detecting change in tumor volume on T2WI ≥20% was 0.90, sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.95, PPV 0.88, and NPV 0.91. Change in tumor volume on T2WI ≥20% was detected with 100% accuracy for posterior fossa meningiomas. Inter‐reader agreement for all meningiomas was moderate (κ = 0.45) improving to substantial agreement (κ = 0.77) with tumor volumes >1 ml.ConclusionVolumetric‐T2WI detects changes in meningioma volume with comparable accuracy to gold standard T1 postcontrast imaging, particularly with higher tumor volumes and posterior fossa locations.
Radiomic signature of DWI‐FLAIR mismatch in large vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Regenhardt Robert W. , Bretzner Martin , Zanon Zotin Maria Clara , Bonkhoff Anna K. , Etherton Mark R. , Hong Sungmin , Das Alvin S. , Alotaibi Naif M. , Vranic Justin E. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Stapleton Christopher J. , Patel Aman B. , Kuchcinski Gregory , Rost Natalia S. , Leslie‐Mazwi Thabele M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeIschemic diffusion‐weighted imaging‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (DWI‐FLAIR) mismatch may be useful in guiding acute stroke treatment decisions given its relationship to onset time and parenchymal viability; however, it relies on subjective grading. Radiomics is an emerging image quantification methodology that may objectively represent continuous image characteristics. We propose a novel radiomics approach to characterize DWI‐FLAIR mismatch.MethodsIschemic lesions were visually graded for FLAIR positivity (absent, subtle, obvious) among consecutive large vessel occlusion stroke patients who underwent hyperacute MRI. Radiomic features were extracted from within the lesions on DWI and FLAIR. The DWI‐FLAIR mismatch radiomics signature was built with features systematically selected by a cross‐validated ElasticNet linear regression model of mismatch.ResultsWe identified 103 patients with mean age 68 ± 16 years; 63% were female. FLAIR hyperintensity was absent in 25%, subtle in 55%, and obvious in 20%. Inter‐rater agreement for visual grading was moderate (Κ = .58). The radiomics signature of DWI‐FLAIR mismatch included native FLAIR histogram kurtosis and local binary pattern‐filtered FLAIR gray‐level cluster shade; both correlated with visual grading (ρ = –.42, p < .001 and ρ = .40, p < .001, respectively).ConclusionsRadiomics can describe DWI‐FLAIR mismatch and may provide objective, continuous biomarkers for infarct evolution using clinical‐grade images. These novel biomarkers may prove useful for treatment decisions and future research.
Arabidopsis CURLY LEAF functions in leaf immunity against fungal pathogens by concomitantly repressing SEPALLATA3 and activating ORA59
Authors: Singkaravanit‐Ogawa Suthitar , Kosaka Ayumi , Kitakura Saeko , Uchida Kotaro , Nishiuchi Takumi , Ono Erika , Fukunaga Satoshi , Takano Yoshitaka 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYArabidopsis non‐host resistance against non‐adapted fungal pathogens including Colletotrichum fungi consists of pre‐invasive and post‐invasive immune responses. Here we report that non‐host resistance against non‐adapted Colletotrichum spp. in Arabidopsis leaves requires CURLY LEAF (CLF), which is critical for leaf development, flowering and growth. Microscopic analysis of pathogen behavior revealed a requirement for CLF in both pre‐ and post‐invasive non‐host resistance. The loss of a functional SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) gene, ectopically expressed in clf mutant leaves, suppressed not only the defect of the clf plants in growth and leaf development but also a defect in non‐host resistance against the non‐adapted Colletotrichum tropicale. However, the ectopic overexpression of SEP3 in Arabidopsis wild‐type leaves did not disrupt the non‐host resistance. The expression of multiple plant defensin (PDF) genes that are involved in non‐host resistance against C. tropicale was repressed in clf leaves. Moreover, the Octadecanoid‐responsive Arabidopsis 59 (ORA59) gene, which is required for PDF expression, was also repressed in clf leaves. Notably, when SEP3 was overexpressed in the ora59 mutant background, C. tropicale produced clear lesions in the inoculated leaves, indicating an impairment in non‐host resistance. Furthermore, ora59 plants overexpressing SEP3 exhibited a defect in leaf immunity to the adapted Colletotrichum higginsianum. Since the ora59 plants overexpressing SEP3 did not display obvious leaf curling or reduced growth, in contrast to the clf mutants, these results strongly suggest that concomitant SEP3 repression and ORA59 induction via CLF are required for Arabidopsis leaf immunity to Colletotrichum fungi, uncoupled from CLF’s function in growth and leaf development.
Suicide Risk, Changing Jobs, or Leaving the Nursing Profession in the Aftermath of a Patient Safety Incident
Authors: Stovall Mady , Hansen Lissi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNursing retention is a concern for healthcare systems, hospital administrators, and nurses who have spent considerable time and money to achieve educational goals. Nearly, 33% of nurses will drop out in the 2 years practice. Those who stay in practice face an increased risk of suicide when compared the general population.AimsTo examine the relationship between nurse sociodemographic data and unique study variables with potential morally injurious outcomes (i.e., dropping out variables: changing jobs, intention to leave the profession, or suicidal thinking).MethodsA descriptive, correlational study design was used to characterize the relationship between the sociodemographic data of 216 registered nurses (RNs) and patient safety and the suicidal behavioral questionnaire.ResultsRNs involved in a patient safety incident (PSI) considered changing jobs when the degree of harm was death (p < .001) or was unknown (p < .05) when compared with no harm. RNs were more likely to consider leaving the profession when the degree of harm to the patient was permanent (p < .01) or the patient died (p < .05) when compared with having no harm. RNs future suicidal thinking (i.e., their self‐reported likelihood of future suicidal behavior) was statistically significant when degree of harm to the patient was death (p < .05) as a result of a PSI (95% CI [1.11, 8.71]) when compared with no harm. The RNs who had suicidal thoughts over the past year compared with those without and the RNs with future suicidal thinking compared with those without, may respond differently in the aftermath of a PSI.Linking evidence to actionThis study served as a pioneering effort to the current understanding between nurse characteristics and patient harm and “dropping out” outcomes in RNs involved in PSIs. RNs involved with PSIs that led to more harm were more likely to change jobs, consider leaving the profession, or contemplate future suicide. These findings have important implications for nurses, administrative managers in healthcare organizations, and researchers.