bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validated 5‐point photonumeric scales for the assessment of the jowls and chin
Authors: Pooth Rainer , Prinz Valentina , Cajkovsky Mia , Green Jeremy B. , Hernandez Claudia A. , Pavicic Tatjana , Mueller Daniel S. , Sattler Sonja , Klepetko Heike , Fabi Sabrina G. , Day Doris , Suwanchinda Atchima , Cotofana Sebastian , Frank Konstantin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this investigation was to create and to examine the reproducibility and validity of 5‐point photonumeric assessment scales that allow objective assessment of chin retrusion and jawline sagging using a digital and a live validation.Material and methodsTwo new 5‐point photonumeric scales created to assess chin projection and jawline sagging were validated by 12 experts in a digital validation and by 5 experts in a live validation setting. Intra‐rater agreement and inter‐rater agreement were assessed.ResultsFor the digital validation, an almost perfect intra‐rater (Kappa: 0.89 [95% CI: 0.86–0.91]) and almost perfect inter‐rater agreement in both sessions (Kappa: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.74–0.86] and 0.80 [95% CI: 0.74–0.86]) was achieved for the Croma Chin Projection Assessment Scale, while intra‐rater agreement (Kappa: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.85–0.91]) was almost perfect for the Croma Jawline Sagging Assessment Scale and inter‐rater agreement being substantial in the first session (Kappa: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.71–0.81]) and almost perfect in the second session (Kappa: 0.81 [95%CI: 0.76–0.85]). For the live validation, intra‐rater agreement was almost perfect for the Croma Chin Projection Assessment Scale (Kappa: 0.82 [95%CI: 0.74–0.90]) and the Croma Jawline Sagging Assessment Scale (Kappa: 0.83 [95%CI: 0.77–0.89]), while inter‐rater agreement was substantial in both sessions for both scales.ConclusionThe created chin and jawline photonumeric grading scales are valid and reliable tools for assessing chin projection and jawline sagging. The scales will be of value for standardized chin evaluation and quantifying outcomes in clinical research and daily practice.
Platelet‐rich plasma in hair loss—Mechanism, preparation, and classification
Authors: Alexander Sajin , Horo Ilse , Johnson Sobha , Daniel Sheela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlatelet‐rich plasma is the autologous plasma containing platelet concentration more than the baseline separated after centrifugation. It has become a very popular option for the treatment of hair loss in the past few decades. Used alone or in combination with other treatment options it has found a place as a hair restoration procedure throughout the world. However, evidence supporting its credibility is quite ambiguous with contradictory reports available in the literature. In this article, we try to analyze the available data regarding its mechanism of action, preparation protocols, and classification, with regard to hair loss.
Analysis of the expression of FAP‐α protein in 2D‐keloid fibroblast cultures and in 3D models of keloid
Authors: Katarzyna Adamczyk , Agnieszka Garncarczyk , Paweł Antończak , Magdalena Kimsa‐Dudek , Agnieszka Synowiec‐Wojtarowicz , Małgorzata Derewniuk , Agnieszka Lubczyńska , Dominika Wcisło‐Dziadecka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveKeloids arise most often as a result of abnormal wound healing. The lesion characterizes inflammation and fibroproliferation. Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP‐α) is one of enzymes engaged in keloid formation. It is serine protease that facilitates cells invasion and growth. FAP‐α possess also non‐enzymatic activity and plays role in activation of cell signaling. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of culture conditions on the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts and the expression of FAP‐α. Analysis of utility of 3D models of keloid in in vitro study of pathogenesis of keloids was also made.MethodsNHDF and KEL FIB cells were cultured in vitro in 2D cultures and 3D Matrigel models. The viability of cells was assayed spectrophotometrically with WST‐1 test. FAP‐α protein amount in cell cultures and 3D models was evaluated with the use of ELISA test.ResultsKEL FIB fibroblasts exhibited higher viability than NHDF fibroblasts in all three models of keloid. The expression of FAP‐α is different in normal and keloid fibroblasts. In vitro conditions influence the expression of FAP‐α in NHDF cells but not in KEL FIB cells.ConclusionsThis preliminary study has shown that the expression of FAP‐α, similarly to other enzymes engaged in keloid formation, is different in keloids in vivo and in in vitro models. FAP‐α expression is modulated by in vitro conditions in normal fibroblasts but not in keloid fibroblasts.
An overview of the use of proteolytic enzymes as exfoliating agents
Authors: Trevisol Thalles Canton , Henriques Rosana Oliveira , Souza Ana Júlia Antunes , Furigo Agenor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundProteolytic enzymes are biological catalysts that can compose cosmetic formulations: These enzymes are capable of mimicking the desquamation process of the skin, acting as exfoliants. Although enzymatic exfoliation is not new and commercial products were easily found, there is a lack of scientific literature about this topic.MethodsA search was carried out until 2021 in different scientific databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, PubMed, etc.). In vitro and in vivo studies that evaluated the application of enzymes aiming to exfoliate the skin or with a similar cosmetic or dermatological application were selected.ResultsOnly 11 articles were found, and, among them, few studies applied enzymes as exfoliants in clinical trials. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that the enzymes can exfoliate the skin and improve some desired characteristics of the organ. Papain, bromelain, keratinases, and microbial proteases are some enzymes already applied as exfoliants. The study of pH, temperature, and stabilization of the enzymes in cosmetic formulations were also demonstrated to be important aspects to be evaluated, principally in preventing loss of enzyme activity and possible allergens/irritations on the skin.ConclusionThis literature review showed the main aspects that should be evaluated before considering producing or applying proteolytic enzymes in exfoliation products/procedures. The use of enzymatic exfoliation has potential in the cosmetic industry. Hence, further robust in vivo studies are needed before the enzymatic exfoliation can be recommended with safety as a treatment modality in the current conditions.
COVID‐19's effects upon the religious group resources, psychosocial resources, and mental health of Orthodox Jews
Authors: Bankier‐Karp Adina Leah , Shain Michelle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we examine how COVID‐19 has affected the mental health of Orthodox Jews and how religious resources cushion the effects of isolation and deprivation of religious gatherings over time. Using longitudinal data from the COVID‐19 Community Portrait Study, fixed‐effects regression models are employed to predict how religious resources are affected by COVID‐19 and how mental health is affected by both COVID‐19 and religious resources. We find two competing effects upon participants’ religious resources. While group resources decreased as a result of the pandemic, psychosocial resources were strengthened. A Closeness‐to‐God Index predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety, less perceived stress, and less loneliness. Congregational prayer also predicted lower stress and less loneliness, but the magnitude of the effect was smaller. The findings provide empirical support for theoretical frameworks emphasizing the positive effects of religion on mental health and suggest psychosocial resources enable religious coping during particularly challenging times.
The gut microbiota profile in psoriasis: a Brazilian case-control study
Authors: Schade L. , Mesa D. , Faria A.R. , Santamaria J.R. , Xavier C.A. , Ribeiro D. , Hajar F.N. , Azevedo V.F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The pathogenesis of psoriasis, an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, remains unclear. Studies have shown an association between psoriasis and intestinal inflammation; in this context, the influence of the gut microbiota on the immune response of psoriasis has become a focus of recent research. The present research evaluated the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of 21 participants with psoriasis from a Brazilian referral dermatology service compared to 24 healthy controls. A stool sample was collected from each participant at the time of inclusion in the study, and the samples were analysed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The recruitment of research participants involved matching between groups by sex, age, body mass index, comorbidities and smoking and the exclusion of several criteria that could potentially influence the gut microbiota and the interpretation of the data. There was an increase in the Dialister genus and Prevotella copri species in patients with psoriasis compared to the control group. A reduction in the Ruminococcus, Lachnospira and Blautia genera, as well as in the Akkermansia muciniphila species, was also verified in the psoriasis group compared to the control group. Furthermore, patients with psoriasis exhibited less gut microbiota diversity than controls.
Effect of percutaneous coronary intervention on global hemodynamics and the prevalence of residual microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Misawa Toru , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Hoshino Masahiro , Yamaguchi Masao , Hada Masahiro , Nagamine Tatsuhiro , Teng Yun , Nogami Kai , Ueno Hiroki , Yasui Yumi , Sayama Kodai , Matsuda Kazuki , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to examine the changes in hyperemic coronary sinus flow (CSF) and global coronary flow reserve (g‐CFR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and investigate the predictors to improve these metrics and the prevalence of residual coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD).MethodsThis prospective, single‐center study included 118 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing PCI for a single proximal lesion. Phase‐contrast cine‐cardiac magnetic resonance (PC‐CMR) was used to assess hyperemic CSF (HCSF) and g‐CFR, before and after PCI. Residual CMD was defined as concordantly impaired post‐PCI HCSF (<2.3 ml/min/g) and g‐CFR (<2.0).ResultsHCSF significantly increased, although 38 (32.2%) patients showed a decrease. There was no significant change in g‐CFR despite fractional flow reserve (FFR) improvement in all target territories. Concordantly increased HCSF and g‐CFR were effectively discriminated by adding PC‐CMR‐derived information to pre‐PCI FFR. Residual CMD was observed in 30 (25.4%) patients and was associated with pre‐PCI renal dysfunction and lower pre‐PCI rest and hyperemic CSF, but not with pre‐PCI regional physiological indices.ConclusionsFFR‐guided PCI was associated with increased HCSF, but not with increased g‐CFR. After uncomplicated PCI, one‐quarter of patients showed residual CMD. Our approach may help identify patients who may benefit from increased coronary perfusion or show residual CMD.
Visualizing the spatiotemporal pattern of yolk sac membrane vascular network by enhanced local fractal analysis
Authors: Li Peilun , Pan Qing , Jiang Sheng , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Pries Axel R. , Ning Gangmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish methods for providing a comprehensive and detailed description of the spatial distribution of the vascular networks, and to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of the yolk sac membrane vascular network during the angiogenic procedure.MethodsAddressing the limitations in the conventional local fractal analysis, an improved approach, named scanning average local fractal dimension, was proposed. This method was conducted on 6 high‐resolution vascular images of the yolk sac membrane for 3 eggs at two stages (E3 and E4) to characterize the spatial distribution of the complexity of the vascular network.ResultsWith the proposed method, the spatial distribution of the complexity of the yolk sac membrane vascular network was visualized. From E3 to E4, the local fractal dimension increased in 3 eggs, 1.80 ± 0.02 vs. 1.85 ± 0.02, 1.72 ± 0.03 vs. 1.83 ± 0.02, and 1.77 ± 0.03 vs. 1.82 ± 0.02, respectively. The mean local fractal dimension in the most distal area from the embryo proper was the lowest at E3 while the highest at E4. At E3, the most peaks of the local fractal dimension were located in the vein territories and shifted to artery territories at E4.ConclusionsThe spatial distribution of the complexity of the yolk sac membrane vascular network exhibited diverse patterns at different stages. In addition from E3 to E4, the increment of complexity at the intersection areas between arteries and sinus terminalis was with the most advance. This is consistent with the physiologic evidence. The present work provides a potential approach for investigating the spatiotemporal pattern of the angiogenic process.
Tertiary lymphoid structures in oral lichen planus and oral epithelial dysplasia with lichenoid features: A comparative study
Authors: Wang Meng‐Yao , Zhu Wei‐Wen , Zhang Jia‐Yi , Yu Miao , Zhai Run‐Dong , Liu Lai‐Kui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) provide sites for antigen presentation and activation of lymphocytes, promoting their infiltration; thus, enhancing specific immune responses. The aim of this comparative cross‐sectional study was to reveal the characteristics and influence of TLSs in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) with lichenoid features.MethodsClinical information and samples of 51 OLP and 19 OED with lichenoid features were collected. Immunohistochemistry was performed, and the structures where CD20+ B cells and CD3+ T cells aggregated with peripheral lymph node addressin positive (PNAd+) vessels were defined as TLSs. The results and clinical information were analysed.ResultTLS were found in 44 (86.3%) patients with OLP and 19 (100%) patients with OED. The TLS score was higher in OED group (p = 0.023), accompanied by an increased number of PNAd+ vessels. The TLS was significantly correlated with PNAd+ vessels (p = 0.027), CD20+ B (p < 0.001) and CD208+ dendritic cells (p = 0.001). Foxp3+ Treg cells but not CD8+ T cells infiltrated more severely in OED (p = 0.003) and increased when TLS score was high (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThis study revealed the widespread development of TLSs in the OLP and OED. The presence of TLSs showed a close relationship with dysplasia and may increase malignant potency by over‐inducing Treg cells.
Risk assessment and optimization strategies to reduce perioperative respiratory adverse events in Pediatric Anesthesia—Part 2: Anesthesia‐related risk and treatment options
Authors: Templeton Thomas Wesley , Sommerfield David , Hii Justin , Sommerfield Aine , Matava Clyde T. , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPerioperative respiratory adverse events are the most common cause of critical events in children undergoing anesthesia and surgery. While many risk factors remain unmodifiable, there are numerous anesthetic management decisions which can impact the incidence and impact of these events, especially in at‐risk children. Ongoing research continues to improve our understanding of both the influence of risk factors and the effect of specific interventions. This review discusses anesthesia risk factors and outlines strategies to reduce the rate and impact of perioperative respiratory adverse events with a chronologic based inquiry into anesthetic management decisions through the perioperative period from premedication to postoperative disposition.
Risk assessment and optimization strategies to reduce perioperative respiratory adverse events in pediatric anesthesia—Part 1 patient and surgical factors
Authors: Hii Justin , Templeton T. Wesley , Sommerfield David , Sommerfield Aine , Matava Clyde T. , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPediatric surgery cases are increasing worldwide. Within pediatric anesthesia, perioperative respiratory adverse events are the most common precipitant leading to serious complications. They can have intraoperative impact on the surgical procedure itself, lead to premature case termination and in addition may have postoperative impact resulting in longer hospitalization stays and costs. Although most perioperative respiratory adverse events can be promptly detected and managed, and will not lead to any sequelae, the risk of life‐threatening progression remains. The incidence of respiratory adverse events increases in children with comorbid respiratory and/or nonrespiratory illnesses. Optimized perioperative patient care, risk‐stratified care level choice, and practitioners with appropriate training allow for risk mitigation. This review will discuss patient and surgical risk factors with a focus on common patient comorbid illnesses and review scoring systems to quantify risk.
Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders Thai version
Authors: Tangjittiporn Thiraporn , Sottimanon Arunsiri , Ularntinon Sirirat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders among children. Because of their internalizing nature, anxiety disorders are underdiagnosed and untreated. Therefore, self‐report screening tools play an important role in the early identification of these cases. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED)‐Thai version in a clinical population.MethodsOne hundred and eight participants were enrolled from patients aged 9–16 years with any psychiatric diagnosis and their parents who visited a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic in Thailand. All the parent‐child pairs completed the SCARED and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)‐emotional subscale. Clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder was endorsed through a standard clinical interview by certified child and adolescent psychiatrists blinded to the results of the SCARED and SDQ. Internal consistency, predictive validity, and convergent validity of the screens were assessed.ResultsThis study found that the SCARED‐Thai version had very good reliability, with internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.913 for the SCARED‐Child form and 0.925 for the SCARED‐Parent form. With an optimal cut‐off point of 23, the SCARED‐Child version significantly distinguished anxious from non‐anxious young people in clinical settings with a sensitivity of 0.74 and a specificity of 0.50, while the SCARED‐Parent version had a sensitivity of 0.74 and a specificity of 0.67 at the same threshold. The convergent validity between the SCARED‐Thai (total) and SDQ (emotional subscale) was at a highly suitable range (r = 0.81).ConclusionThe SCARED‐Thai version exhibited good psychometric quality for identifying young people with comorbid anxiety disorders when used in clinical settings.
A Phlorotanin, 6,6′‐bieckol from Ecklonia cava, Against Photoaging by Inhibiting MMP‐1, ‐3 and ‐9 Expression on UVB‐induced HaCaT Keratinocytes
Authors: He Yuan‐Lin , Xiao Zhenbang , Yang Shengtao , Zhou Chunxia , Sun Shengli , Hong Pengzhi , Qian Zhong‐Ji 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTSkin is the outmost layer of human and sustains most of the external UVB irradiation, which possibly causes the skin photoaging. As a natural antioxidant, marine natural products have been paid more and more attention to their positive effects on photoaging. 6,6′‐bieckol is a phlorotanin isolated from Ecklonia cava, while its antiphotoaging bioactivity and mechanism have not been clear yet. This study proves that 6,6′‐bieckol enhances cells viability and decreases the level of ROS in UVB‐induced human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells. It also resulted in significant downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), p‐c‐Fos, phosphorylated JNK, p38, IκB and p65. In addition, molecular docking also showed that 6,6′‐bieckol could bind to MMP‐1, MMP‐3 and MMP‐9. Finally, it was proved that 6,6′‐bieckol acts on MMPs through the MAPK/AP‐1 and NF‐κB pathways to reduce UVB‐induced oxidative stress damage in HaCaT cells. Therefore, 6,6′‐bieckol is a functional food and skin care ingredient with great potential in preventing photoaging.
Evaluation of photodynamic therapy against Leishmania tropica promastigotes using different photosensitizers
Authors: Ozlem‐Caliskan Sercin , Ertabaklar Hatice , Bilgin Mehmet Dincer , Ertug Sema 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy is a two‐step procedure, involving the use of photosensitizing agents followed by selective illumination of the target lesion with visible light. Photodynamic therapy has been described recently as a promising strategy for treatment of leishmaniasis. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro phototoxic, morphological, and apoptotic effect of methylene blue, toluidine blue, chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a‐mediated photodynamic therapy on the viability of Leishmania tropica promastigotes.MethodsParasites were treated with methylene blue, toluidine blue, chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a or/and methylene blue, toluidine blue, chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a‐mediated photodynamic therapy, and cell proliferation, morphological changes, and apoptosis were evaluated by XTT, giemsa staining, DAPI staining, and DNA fragmentation, respectively.ResultsParasite viability was significantly different in between the groups treated with methylene blue, toluidine blue, and pheophorbide a, with or without irradiation. chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine treatment did not lead to any alterations in cell viability in Leishmania tropica promastigotes with or without irradiation. DAPI staining results indicated that apoptotic bodies and nucleus fragmentation started to be visible in methylene blue, chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a‐mediated photodynamic therapy groups. DNA ladder pattern which is used to define apoptosis was observed in irradiated methylene blue, chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a groups.ConclusionsThe results revealed that apoptosis‐induced cell death was observed in Leishmania tropica promastigotes after the application of photosensitizers in combination with light irradiation.
Filgrastim (r‐met‐hu G‐CSF) enhances the efficiency of spermatogenesis in prepubertal Bos indicus bulls
Authors: Arevalo Dario , Flores Andrea C. , Diaz Ramiro F. , Garcia‐Herreros Manuel , Aponte Pedro M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to test the effects of the drug r‐met‐hu‐G‐CSF (filgrastim) on spermatogenic efficiency in prepubertal Brahman bulls. Twelve intact, healthy prepubertal bulls were administered 0, 1 (LD = low dose) or 4 (HD = high dose) µg/Kg r‐met‐hu‐G‐CSF (daily for 4 days), and haematological analysis was performed. Bulls were castrated (D0 or D60). BW (body weight) and SC (scrotal circumference) were recorded. Testis weight and volume were taken at castration with samples for testis histology and stereology: germ cell types, spermatids count and DSP (daily sperm production per gram)/g of testicular parenchyma. Testicular weight, volume, BW, SC and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were NS (LD‐HD; p > .05). At D0 (age 11 months), the most advanced germ cell types (maGCt) ranged from intermediate spermatogonia to pachytene spermatocytes. After 2 months, control animals had round spermatids as maGCt, LD animals 75% round spermatids and 25% elongated spermatids, and HD animals round spermatids. Spermatids/testis were higher in LD (1.23 ± 0.2 millions) than in controls (0.65 ± 0.1 millions, p < .05). Spermatogenic efficiency (DSP/g) was higher in LD (5.4 ± 0.4 million) than in controls (3.2 ± 0.2 million, p < .01). In conclusion, r‐met‐hu‐G‐CSF raises spermatogenic efficiency in prepubertal Brahman bulls.