bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic psychological stress and lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Chess‐Williams Russ , McDermott Catherine , Sellers Donna J. , West Eliza G. , Mills Kylie A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is well established that lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), particularly urinary urgency and incontinence, cause stress and anxiety for patients. However, there is mounting evidence that the relationship between these two factors is bidirectional and that chronic psychological stress itself can result in the development of symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, and pelvic pain. This review considers the evidence that such a relationship exists and reviews the literature from clinical and animal studies to identify some of the mechanisms that might be involved. Inflammatory responses induced by chronic stress appear to offer the strongest link to bladder dysfunction. There is overwhelming evidence, both in patients and animal models, for a release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during periods of chronic stress. Furthermore, cytokines have been shown to cause bladder dysfunction and pain via actions in the central nervous system and locally in the bladder. In the brain and spinal cord, pro‐inflammatory cytokines influence the regulation of micturition pathways by corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and its receptors, while peripherally cytokines affect bladder function, directly causing detrusor hypertrophy and afferent nerve hypersensitivity. There is little information on which treatments may have most benefit for stressed/anxious patients with LUTS, but animal studies suggest traditional drugs for overactive bladder (solifenacin, mirabegron) are more effective on LUTS than anxiolytic drugs (fluoxetine, imipramine). The preliminary preclinical data for CRF receptor antagonists is not consistent. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms involved in stress‐induced LUTS should provide a basis for improved treatment of this condition.
Social norms and evolutionary tax compliance
Authors: Lamantia Fabio , Pezzino Mario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe paper studies tax evasion in an evolutionary setting. In addition to standard variables such as the fine individuals may have to pay if found guilty or the probability of being audited, agents’ inclination to engage in tax evasion may also be affected by social interactions. Moreover, expected payoffs may include reputational costs or rewards awarded by society after an individual is audited. The paper shows how (i) social norms may play a very important role in defining the long‐run evolution of tax evasion and, consequently, that (ii) policymakers should consider reforms that would increase social awareness and information rather than more (financially and politically) expensive traditional auditing instruments; in addition, (iii) fiscal/auditing policies should be carefully tailored to the particular economic and social setting in place in a country.
ECMM/ISHAM recommendations for clinical management of COVID‐19 associated mucormycosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Hoenigl Martin , Meis Jacques F. , Cornely Oliver A. , Muthu Valliappan , Gangneux Jean Pierre , Perfect John , Chakrabarti Arunaloke ,   ECMM and ISHAM
Published: June 2021

AbstractReports are increasing on the emergence of COVID‐19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally, driven particularly by low‐ and middle‐income countries. The recent unprecedented surge of CAM in India has drawn worldwide attention. More than 28,252 mucormycosis cases are counted and India is the first country where mucormycosis has been declared a notifiable disease. However, misconception of management, diagnosing and treating this infection continue to occur. Thus, European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) felt the need to address clinical management of CAM in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This article provides a comprehensive document to help clinicians in managing this infection. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and inappropriate (high dose or not indicated) corticosteroid use are the major predisposing factors for this surge. High counts of Mucorales spores in both the indoor and outdoor environments, and the immunosuppressive impact of COVID‐19 patients as well as immunotherapy are possible additional factors. Furthermore, a hyperglycaemic state leads to an increased expression of glucose regulated protein (GRP‐ 78) in endothelial cells that may help the entry of Mucorales into tissues. Rhino‐orbital mucormycosis is the most common presentation followed by pulmonary mucormycosis. Recommendations are focused on the early suspicion of the disease and confirmation of diagnosis. Regarding management, glycaemic control, elimination of corticosteroid therapy, extensive surgical debridement and antifungal therapy are the standards for proper care. Due to limited availability of amphotericin B formulations during the present epidemic, alternative antifungal therapies are also discussed.
Majocchi's granuloma: Autoinoculation and adaption of Trichophyton rubrum with molecular evidence
Authors: Zhao Ying , Gan Mingyu , Li Li , Su Huilin , Zhang Qiangqiang , de Hoog Sybren , Zhu Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrichophyton rubrum, an important aetiological agent of superficial dermatophytosis, occasionally penetrates into deeper tissues, causing inflammation and a granulomatous response. Only few case reports of T. rubrum granuloma with molecular evidence for autoinoculation have been published.ObjectivesTo find the genetic basis of adaptation to a different microhabitat following autoinoculation of Trichophyton rubrum.MethodsA case of Majocchi's granuloma is reported, with isolation of T. rubrum strains from foot and chin, respectively. Whole‐genome sequencing of the two strains has been performed. Phylogenetic reconstruction and SIFT analysis were conducted.ResultsA phenotypic difference has been observed between the two isolates. 20 and 19 indels, 8 and 15 SNVs were found in foot and chin strains, respectively. Foot and chin strains formed a monophyletic group. Two non‐synonymous mutations of chin strains were observed in the TERG_06754 gene encoding cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP). The G293C amino acid change in TERG_03373 was predicted to affect protein function significantly. The mutated amino acid (cysteine) was only found in the chin strain in all dermatophyte non‐redundant sequences.ConclusionsNon‐synonymous mutations located in TERG_06754 and TERG_03373 were predicted to affect protein functions, which may facilitate the adaption for invasion of the superficial cutaneous strain. As the different living environments of these two strains (oxygenous, lower‐temperature for the pedal strain; hypoxia, higher‐temperature for the chin strain), a stratum corneum‐to‐dermal adaption hypothesis of T. rubrum was proposed.
Serious fungal diseases in Democratic Republic of Congo – Incidence and prevalence estimates
Authors: Kamwiziku Guyguy K. , Makangara Jean‐Claude C. , Orefuwa Emma , Denning David W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA literature review was conducted to assess the burden of serious fungal infections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (population 95,326,000). English and French publications were listed and analysed using PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and the African Journals database. Publication dates spanning 1943–2020 were included in the scope of the review. From the analysis of published articles, we estimate a total of about 5,177,000 people (5.4%) suffer from serious fungal infections in the DRC annually. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in adults and invasive aspergillosis in AIDS patients was estimated at 6168, 2800 and 380 cases per year. Oral and oesophageal candidiasis represent 50,470 and 28,800 HIV‐infected patients respectively. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis post‐tuberculosis incidence and prevalence was estimated to be 54,700. Fungal asthma (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe asthma with fungal sensitization) probably has a prevalence of 88,800 and 117,200. The estimated prevalence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and tinea capitis is 1,202,640 and 3,551,900 respectively.Further work is required to provide additional studies on opportunistic infections for improving diagnosis and the implementation of a national surveillance programme of fungal disease in the DRC.
The FveFT2 florigen/FveTFL1 antiflorigen balance is critical for the control of seasonal flowering in strawberry while FveFT3 modulates axillary meristem fate and yield
Authors: Gaston Amèlia , Potier Aline , Alonso Marie , Sabbadini Silvia , Delmas Frédéric , Tenreira Tracey , Cochetel Noé , Labadie Marc , Prévost Pierre , Folta Kevin M. , Mezzetti Bruno , Hernould Michel , Rothan Christophe , Denoyes Béatrice 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Plant architecture is central in determining crop yield. In the short‐day species strawberry, a crop vegetatively propagated by daughter‐plants produced by stolons, fruit yield is further dependent on the trade‐off between sexual reproduction (fruits) and asexual reproduction (daughter‐plants). Both are largely dependent on meristem identity, which establishes the development of branches, stolons and inflorescences.

Floral initiation and plant architecture are modulated by the balance between two related proteins, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1). We explored in woodland strawberry the role of the uncharacterised FveFT2 and FveFT3 genes and of the floral repressor FveTFL1 through gene expression analyses, grafting and genetic transformation (overexpression and gene editing).

We demonstrate the unusual properties of these genes. FveFT2 is a nonphotoperiodic florigen permitting short‐day (SD) flowering and FveTFL1 is the long‐hypothesised long‐day systemic antiflorigen that contributes, together with FveFT2, to the photoperiodic regulation of flowering. We additionally show that FveFT3 is not a florigen but promotes plant branching when overexpressed, that is likely to be through changing axillary meristem fate, therefore resulting in a 3.5‐fold increase in fruit yield at the expense of stolons.

We show that our findings can be translated into improvement of cultivated strawberry in which FveFT2 overexpression significantly accelerates flowering.
Eco‐evolutionary optimality as a means to improve vegetation and land‐surface models
Authors: Harrison Sandy P. , Cramer Wolfgang , Franklin Oskar , Prentice Iain Colin , Wang Han , Brännström Åke , de Boer Hugo , Dieckmann Ulf , Joshi Jaideep , Keenan Trevor F. , Lavergne Aliénor , Manzoni Stefano , Mengoli Giulia , Morfopoulos Catherine , Peñuelas Josep , Pietsch Stephan , Rebel Karin T. , Ryu Youngryel , Smith Nicholas G. , Stocker Benjamin D. , Wright Ian J. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryGlobal vegetation and land‐surface models embody interdisciplinary scientific understanding of the behaviour of plants and ecosystems, and are indispensable to project the impacts of environmental change on vegetation and the interactions between vegetation and climate. However, systematic errors and persistently large differences among carbon and water cycle projections by different models highlight the limitations of current process formulations. In this review, focusing on core plant functions in the terrestrial carbon and water cycles, we show how unifying hypotheses derived from eco‐evolutionary optimality (EEO) principles can provide novel, parameter‐sparse representations of plant and vegetation processes. We present case studies that demonstrate how EEO generates parsimonious representations of core, leaf‐level processes that are individually testable and supported by evidence. EEO approaches to photosynthesis and primary production, dark respiration and stomatal behaviour are ripe for implementation in global models. EEO approaches to other important traits, including the leaf economics spectrum and applications of EEO at the community level are active research areas. Independently tested modules emerging from EEO studies could profitably be integrated into modelling frameworks that account for the multiple time scales on which plants and plant communities adjust to environmental change.
Clinical findings of patients with cystic fibrosis according to newborn screening results
Authors: Ramasli Gursoy Tugba , Aslan Ayse Tana , Asfuroglu Pelin , Sismanlar Eyuboglu Tugba , Cakir Erkan , Cobanoglu Nazan , Pekcan Sevgi , Cinel Guzin , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Yalcin Ebru , Sen Velat , Ercan Omur , Kilinc Ayse Ayzit , Yazan Hakan , Altintas Derya Ufuk , Kartal Ozturk Gokcen , Bingol Aysen , Sapan Nihat , Celebioglu Ebru , Tugcu Gokcen Dilsa , Ozdemir Ali , Harmanci Koray , Kose Mehmet , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Tamay Zeynep , Yuksel Hasan , Ozcan Gizem , Topal Erdem , Can Demet , Korkmaz Ekren Pervin , Caltepe Gonul , Kilic Mehmet , Ozdogan Sebnem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal recessive genetic disease caused by loss of function associated with mutations in the CF trans‐membrane conductance regulator. It is highly prevalent (approximately 1 in 3,500) in Caucasians. The aim of this study was to compare demographic and clinical features, diagnostic tests, treatments, and complications of patients with CF whose newborn screening (NBS) with twice‐repeated immune reactive trypsinogen testing was positive, normal, and not performed.MethodsIn this study, 359 of all 1,488 CF patients recorded in the CF Registry of Turkey in 2018, who had been born through the process of NBS, were evaluated. Demographic and clinical features were compared in patients diagnosed with positive NBS (Group 1), normal (Group 2), or without NBS (Group 3).ResultsIn Group 1, there were 299 patients, in Group 2, there were 40 patients, and in Group 3, there were 20 patients. Among all patients, the median age at diagnosis was 0.17 years. The median age at diagnosis was higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (P = 0.001). Fecal elastase results were higher in Group 2 (P = 0.033). The weight z‐score was lower and chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection was more common in Group 3 (P = 0.017, P = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionsFrequency of growth retardation and chronic S. aureus infection can be reduced with an early diagnosis using NBS. In the presence of clinical suspicion in patients with normal NBS, further analyses such as genetic testing should be performed, especially to prevent missing patients with severe mutations.
Higher‐order symmetries of underdetermined systems of partial differential equations and Noether's Second Theorem
Authors: Olver Peter J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvery underdetermined system of partial differential equations arising from a variational principle admits an infinite hierarchy of higher‐order generalized symmetries. These symmetries are a consequence of the Noether dependencies among the Euler–Lagrange equations that follow from Noether's Second Theorem. This result is a consequence of a more general theorem on the existence of higher‐order generalized symmetries for any system of differential equations that admits an infinitesimal symmetry generator depending on an arbitrary function of the independent variables.
Home cooking and identity formation in migrant Filipino families in Hong Kong
Authors: De Guzman Josef Adriel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper draws from ethnographic fieldwork conducted among Filipino migrant families in Hong Kong and explores the various ways that Filipino parents instil a sense of Filipino identity in their children. I argue that for these families, the home is the primary environment in which the children learn about their ethnic heritage, in turn strengthening their sense of Filipino identity. I present three activities that strengthen Filipino consciousness in the home: speaking Filipino, visiting the Philippines frequently, and cooking Filipino food at home. I argue that these activities evoke an imagined, remembered, and reconstructed notion of the Philippines. Specifically, the paper adds to the discourse on the experience of migrant Filipino families and the development of a Filipino identity among second‐generation Filipinos in Hong Kong. In addition, it helps fill the gap in the literature relating to migrant Filipinos in Hong Kong, as most of the literature is focused on the labour diaspora of Filipina domestic helpers.
The role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in chronic wound infections: Current knowledge and future challenges
Authors: Brown Helen L. , Clayton Aled , Stephens Phil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic wounds are a significant global problem with an increasing economic and patient welfare impact. How wounds move from an acute to chronic, non‐healing, state is not well understood although it is likely that it is driven by a poorly regulated local inflammatory state. Opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are well known to stimulate a pro‐inflammatory response and so their presence may further drive chronicity. Studies have demonstrated that host cell extracellular vesicles (hEVs), in particular exosomes, have multiple roles in both increasing and decreasing chronicity within wounds; however, the role of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) is still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate bEV biogenesis and function within chronic wound relevant bacterial species to determine what, if any, role bEVs may have in driving wound chronicity. We determine that bEVs drive chronicity by both increasing persistence of key pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and stimulating a pro‐inflammatory response by the host. Data also suggest that both bEVs and hEVs show therapeutic promise, providing vaccine candidates, decoy targets for bacterial toxins or modulating the bacterial species within chronic wound biofilms. Caution should, however, be used when interpreting findings to date as the bEV field is still in its infancy and as such lacks consistency in bEV isolation and characterization. It is of primary importance that this is addressed, allowing meaningful conclusions to be drawn and increasing reproducibility within the field.
Scar quality in children with burns 5–7 years after injury: A cross‐sectional multicentre study
Authors: Spronk Inge , Stortelers Anniek , van der Vlies Cornelis H. , van Zuijlen Paul P. M. , Pijpe Anouk ,   Burden of Burn Injuries Study Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractLong‐term scar formation is an important adverse consequence in children with burns, however, information regarding scar quality in the long‐term is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated scar quality and its predictors in children with burns 5–7 years after injury. Parents of children with mild/intermediate burns (≤10% total body surface area burned), and of children with severe burns (>10% burned) completed the patient scale of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS 2.0) for their children's—in their opinion—worst scar 5–7 years post‐burn. Outcomes and predictive factors of scar quality were studied, and, for children with severe burns, POSAS parent scores were compared with observer scores. We included 103 children with mild/intermediate burns and 28 with severe burns (response rate: 51%). Most children (87%) had scars that differed from normal skin, with most differences reported for colour, and least for pain. Except for colour, children with severe burns had significantly higher scores (difference 0–2 points) on all scar characteristics (representing poorer scar quality) compared with children with mild/intermediate burns. Parent POSAS scores were on average 2.0–2.6 points higher compared to observer scores. Number of surgeries predicted both the mean POSAS and the mean overall opinion of a scar. In conclusion, 5–7 years post‐burn, the scar of the majority of children differed from normal skin, especially on the characteristic colour. The uncovered insights are useful in counselling of children and their parents on expectations of the final outcome of their (children's) scar(s), and help in further targeting scar prevention strategies for the individual child.
Effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical management strategies in patients with chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the anterior compartment of the leg: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kaplan Sean , Olivier Benita , Obiora Oluchukwu Loveth 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical management versus non-surgical management on pain, range of motion, intracompartmental pressure values, patient satisfaction, recurrence of symptoms, return to activity, function, strength, and sensation in patients diagnosed with chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the anterior compartment of the leg.

Introduction:
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is the most prevalent cause of exercise-induced leg pain in athletes. Current evidence suggests that the best methods for management include activity modification or cessation, injection of botulinum toxin into the affected compartment, or surgical intervention. Due to the limited number and quality of studies available, the evidence needs to be synthesized to pool findings from current research and to identify gaps in the literature.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include people with chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the anterior compartment of the leg diagnosed through a combination of elevated intracompartmental pressure values and patient history. Studies that include patient-reported outcome measures will be included.

Methods:
MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, MasterFILE Premier, CINAHL Complete, ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, Scopus, and Science Direct will be searched from 1956 to date. Gray literature databases will also be searched. Two reviewers will independently retrieve and screen full-text studies, critically appraise included studies, and extract data. Meta-analyses will be performed where possible.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020189661
Family involvement in the treatment of patients with an acquired brain injury or malignant brain tumor: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Guldager Rikke , Poulsen Ingrid , Aadal Lena , Nordentoft Sara , Loft Mia Ingerslev 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to scope the evidence on the wants and needs of families with regards to their level of involvement in treatment for patients with an acquired brain injury or malignant brain tumor.

Introduction:
Severe acquired brain injury and malignant brain tumor are diseases occurring unexpectedly and suddenly. Sustaining a severe acquired brain injury or malignant brain tumor has major consequences for patients and their relatives because of its devastating impact on physical, cognitive, social, and psychological well-being. The neurocognitive deficits have been shown to put strain on families in particular.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider studies involving relatives (≥18 years) of patients (≥18 years) with severe acquired brain injury or malignant brain tumor (WHO grade 3 and 4) from different settings (municipalities, primary care, health care centers, hospital, and long-term care institutions). Studies will be included if they describe any kind of involvement by relatives, and the review will consider all study designs, regardless of their rigor.

Methods:
Indexed and gray literature in English, Scandinavian, or German from January 2010 to the present will be considered. The searches will be conducted using bibliographic databases. Studies will be independently screened according to the inclusion criteria by two reviewers based on title, abstract, and full text. In case of disagreement, a third and fourth reviewer will be consulted. A customized data extraction form will be used to extract data from the included studies. The results will be presented in tabular form, accompanied by a narrative summary related to the objective of the present scoping review.