bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise of the cosmetic industry in ancient China: Insights from a 2700‐year‐old face cream
Authors: Han B. , Chong J. , Sun Z. , Jiang X. , Xiao Q. , Zech J. , Roberts P. , Rao H. , Yang Y. 
Published: February 2021

Cosmetics have a long history in China, but their origins remain unclear. Cosmetic industry potentially originated in the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 bce), but little is known about the early manufacture and use of cosmetics. The Liujiawa site, located on the southern edge of the Loess Plateau in northern China, was the late capital of the ancient Rui state in the early to mid‐Spring and Autumn Period. During the excavation, a sealed small and exquisite container with suspected cosmetic use was unearthed from tomb M49 belonging to a male associated with the aristocratic class. We report in this paper the multidisciplinary application of ATR‐FTIR, XRD, SEM, stable isotope analysis, GC‐MS and GC‐C‐IRMS analysis of the residue inside the container, demonstrating that the residue, which was made of ruminant adipose fat mixed with monohydrocalcite from cave moonmilk, was likely used as cosmetic face cream by the nobleman of the Rui state. This study provides an early example of cosmetic production in China, and, together with the prevalence of similar cosmetic containers during this period, it suggests the rise of an incipient cosmetics industry. Furthermore, the exploitation of moonmilk, a special stalactite in some limestone caves, reflects the link between early Taoist School and cosmetic production encouraged by the aristocratic class.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Four Domains of Parenting in Relation to Adolescent Age and Puberty in Nine Countries
Authors: Lansford Jennifer E. , Rothenberg W. Andrew , Riley Jillian , Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria , Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean , Alampay Liane Peña , Al‐Hassan Suha M. , Bacchini Dario , Bornstein Marc H. , Chang Lei , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Di Giunta Laura , Dodge Kenneth A. , Gurdal Sevtap , Liu Qin , Long Qian , Malone Patrick S. , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Tapanya Sombat , Steinberg Laurence 
Published: February 2021

Children, mothers, and fathers in 12 ethnic and regional groups in nine countries (N = 1,338 families) were interviewed annually for 8 years (Mage child = 8–16 years) to model four domains of parenting as a function of child age, puberty, or both. Latent growth curve models revealed that for boys and girls, parents decrease their warmth, behavioral control, rules/limit‐setting, and knowledge solicitation in conjunction with children’s age and pubertal status as children develop from ages 8 to 16 across a range of diverse contexts, with steeper declines after age 11 or 12 in three of the four parenting domains. National, ethnic, and regional differences and similarities in the trajectories as a function of age and puberty are discussed.
Financial development and employment: New panel evidence
Authors: Ayadi Rym , Ben Naceur Sami , Goaied Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper adds to the recent literature on finance and employment creation by exploring the effect of finance on the labour market, using data on 143 countries from 1995 to 2015. We also examine whether the impact of financial development on labour is significantly different before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. This paper has five main findings. First, the analysis confirms the positive relationship between financial institution efficiency and access, as well as the employment rate in the linear specification. Second, the marginal returns to employment from further financial institution inclusion diminish at high levels of inclusion and turn negative when an inclusion point is reached. Third, the effects of financial market access on employment show a “U‐Shaped” relationship. Fourth, the positive effect of financial development on employment strengthens with the country's institutional quality. And fifth, there is strong support for a negative impact of financial development on employment during the global financial crisis of 2007–2008.
Signals of selection beyond bottlenecks between exotic populations of the bull‐headed dung beetle,Onthophagus taurus
Authors: Pespeni Melissa H. , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractColonization of new environments can lead to population bottlenecks and rapid phenotypic evolution that could be due to neutral and selective processes. Exotic populations of the bull‐headed dung beetle (Onthophagus taurus) have differentiated in opposite directions from native beetles in male horn‐to‐body size allometry and female fecundity. Here we test for genetic and transcriptional differences among two exotic and one nativeO. tauruspopulations after three generations in common garden conditions. We sequenced RNA from 24 individuals for each of the three populations including both sexes, and spanning four developmental stages for the two exotic, differentiated populations. Identifying 270,400 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms, we revealed a strong signal of genetic differentiation between the three populations, and evidence of recent bottlenecks within and an excess of outlier loci between exotic populations. Differences in gene expression between populations were greatest in prepupae and early adult life stages, stages during which differences in male horn development and female fecundity manifest. Finally, genes differentially expressed between exotic populations also had greater genetic differentiation and performed functions related to chitin biosynthesis and nutrient sensing, possibly underlying allometry and fecundity trait divergences. Our results suggest that beyond bottlenecks, recent introductions have led to genetic and transcriptional differences in genes correlated with observed phenotypic differences.
IQ and corporate insiders’ decisions to time insider and outsider trading
Authors: Eugster Florian , Kallunki Jenni , Nilsson Henrik , Setterberg Hanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine how corporate insiders’ cognitive ability (IQ) affects their decisions to time insider and outsider trading before abnormal stock price changes. Our analysis of archival data on male corporate insiders in Sweden shows they are less prone to time their insider selling and to sell in larger amounts, before abnormal stock price declines as IQ increases. We also find that insiders with a higher IQ are better at timing their outsider buying. Taken together, our results show that corporate insiders’ IQ affects their trading decisions differently, depending on whether they are trading in their insider or outsider stocks.
Rapid Cleanup of a Perchlorate Plume from Fireworks
Authors: Andrews Charles B. , Henry Joel C. , Anderson‐Vincent Arlene 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPerchlorate was detected in a municipal wellfield in Evart, Michigan in April 2015. Perchlorate concentrations were detected initially in six of the City's wells at concentrations ranging up to 20 μg/L. An investigation to identify the source determined that the perchlorate was from fireworks launched during the annual 4th of July show held at the fairgrounds located upgradient from the wellfield. The use of approximately 600 kg of fireworks during the annual display resulted in an annual loading of approximately 4 kg of perchlorate to groundwater. An aggressive groundwater extraction system began operation in June 2016 to restore water quality in the affected aquifer, and the 2016 fireworks display was relocated to a location outside the capture zone of the water supply wells. Within 18 months average perchlorate concentrations in the water supply wells had been reduced to about 0.6 μg/L. The extraction system continued to operate through the end of 2019, by which time the average perchlorate concentrations in the water supply wells were reduced to 0.2 μg/L. In 2019, approximately 0.4 kg of perchlorate were removed from the aquifer, about one‐half of the amount removed in 2018, reflecting the slow leaching of perchlorate of fireworks residuals from vadose zone soils.
Identified unmet needs and proposed solutions in mild‐to‐moderate haemophilia: A summary of opinions from a roundtable of haemophilia experts
Authors: Walsh Christopher , Boggio Lisa , Brown‐Jones Lanette , Miller Rachel , Hawk Sarah , Savage Brittany , Hansen Kerry , Molter Don , Baumann Kim , Dunn Spencer , Skinner Mark W. , Haugstad Kimberly , Johnson Stormy , Davenport Tammy , Bradbury Margaret , Witkop Michelle , Saad Hossam , Cooper David L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe experiences of patients with mild‐to‐moderate haemophilia differ from those of patients with severe haemophilia or those without a bleeding disorder and include a challenging diagnosis and variability in bleeding symptoms and treatment needs. In addition, there is a significant lack of data on mild‐to‐moderate haemophilia, and many unmet needs remain to be identified and addressed in this group of patients.MethodsChallenges for these patients, including women with haemophilia, were identified during a roundtable meeting attended by a group of US‐based experts including healthcare professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses, and physical therapists) and patients who live with a bleeding disorder.ResultsIdentified unmet needs included a lack of proper education on the management of their disorder and prompt treatment of bleeds, absenteeism from school and work, and challenges with personal relationships. Initiatives to assist with alleviating these unmet needs were proposed and include suggestions for healthcare professionals, haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) and national and local organizations within the bleeding disorders community. These included HTC and community engagement programmes for patients with mild‐to‐moderate haemophilia, revised transition guidelines for these patients as they approach adulthood and revised diagnostic classification of mild and moderate haemophilia. Challenges unique to women with haemophilia and ways to address these issues were also discussed.ConclusionThis paper summarizes the challenges, initiatives and suggestions that were identified by the haemophilia experts during the roundtable meeting.
Impact of haemophilia on patients with mild‐to‐moderate disease: Results from the P‐FiQ and B‐HERO‐S studies
Authors: Witkop Michelle , Wang Michael , Hernandez Grace , Recht Michael , Baumann Kim , Cooper David L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionEpidemiologic studies suggest that joint bleeding occurs in patients with mild‐to‐moderate haemophilia, including women and girls. However, most previous studies on the impacts of haemophilia focus on men with severe disease.AimTo identify unmet needs in men and women with mild‐to‐moderate haemophilia.MethodsThe Pain, Functional Impairment, and Quality of Life (P‐FiQ) study assessed the impact of pain on functional impairment and health‐related quality of life in men with haemophilia A or B of any severity. The Bridging Hemophilia B Experiences, Results and Opportunities Into Solutions (B‐HERO‐S) study evaluated the psychosocial needs of adults and children with haemophilia B of any severity, including women and girls. Both studies employed patient‐reported outcome measures.ResultsIn the P‐FiQ study, 16% (62/381) of participants had mild and 13% (50/381) had moderate haemophilia. In the B‐HERO‐S study, 29% (86/299) of adult participants were female, 25% (74/299) had mild haemophilia, and 63% (189/299) had moderate haemophilia. In addition, 63% (46/74) of patients with mild and 86% (162/189) of patients with moderate haemophilia routinely infused factor products to prevent bleeding. Patients reported difficulty gaining access to factor products (54%; 142/263) and a haemophilia treatment centre (17%; 44/263). During the P‐FiQ study, 78% (48/62) of patients with mild and 87% (44/50) with moderate haemophilia described problems with pain on the Brief Pain Inventory. Patients also reported issues with anxiety, depression and relationships.ConclusionsMild‐to‐moderate haemophilia has physical and psychosocial impacts on patients. We offer some solutions to help alleviate these impacts and resolve unmet needs.
Comparison of the StaRRsed Interliner device with Westergren method in erythrocyte sedimentation rate measurement
Authors: Orkmez Mustafa , Orhan Seren , Bozdayi Mehmet Akif , Tarakcioglu Mehmet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionWith recent advances in technology, many manual tests are being replaced by automated devices due to a wide range of advantages. One of these tests is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test that is used to determine inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between the Starrsed Interliner sedimentation device and the gold standard method, that is the Westergren method, used in ESR measurement.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐one patients who presented to Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Şahinbey Training and Research Hospital were included in this study. ESR values were measured simultaneously within 2 hours using the ESR analyzer Starrsed Interliner device and the gold standard method of measuring ESR, that is the Westergren method, from blood samples collected from the same patients in EDTA and citrate tubes.ResultsAgreement between the results from the Starrsed Interliner device and the Westergren method was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation method. Consequently, a poor correlation was observed at values <20 mm/h, a moderate correlation was observed at values 20 to 80 mm/h and >80 mm/h, and an excellent correlation was observed when all results were considered. Method comparison was conducted according to the Passing‐Bablok regression analysis (y = −1.50 + 0.75x) (P < .0001). The mean difference between the two methods was 10.1 according to the Bland‐Altman analysis.ConclusionsDespite the advantages of the Starrsed Interliner device, such as lower laboratory workloads, lower costs and turnaround time, the difference between the two methods, as found in this study, may lead to different clinical interpretations for results in some patient.
Fons Iustitiae: Justice in the City of God
Authors: Boersma Gerald P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article seeks to account for the nature of human justice in the City of God. I argue that finite justice, for Augustine, is participatory; it always ‘refers’ itself to the font of justice from which it overflows; it is always received by participation in Christ’s justice. This claim implicates both of Augustine’s central adversaries in the City of God, namely, imperial paganism and Pelagianism. Attention to how Augustine weaves the two major polemical antagonists of the City of God, imperial paganism and Pelagianism, into the same cloth reveals a unified claim about justice in the City of God. Both of Augustine’s antagonists are guilty of claiming a self‐referential and self‐manufactured conception of justice. Pagans and Pelagians do not confess justice as a gift received; they instead treat it as something constructed on the tottering foundation of collective or personal virtue. Justice in both cases fails and finds its end in self‐glorification and pride. Finally, I propose that Augustine’s participatory account of justice has implications for a vexed twentieth‐century debate about the City of God, namely the question of what allegiance, responsibilities and loves citizens of the heavenly city ought to have towards the earthly city in which they live as pilgrims.
Micro‐persistence and difficulty in a game‐based learning environment for computational thinking acquisition
Authors: Israel‐Fishelson Rotem , Hershkovitz Arnon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPersistence has been identified as a crucial quality of learning. However, it is hard to attain in online game‐based environments as the drive to progress in the game may influence the ability to achieve the learning goals. This study aimed to examine the associations between micro‐persistence, that is, the tendency to complete an individual task successfully, and task difficulty while acquiring computational thinking (CT). We further explored whether contextual or personal attributes better explain micro‐persistence. We analysed data of 111 school students who used the CodeMonkey platform. We took a learning analytics approach for analysing the platform's log files. We found that micro‐persistence is associated with task difficulty and that students who demonstrated an aptitude to learn new material are motivated to achieve the best solution. We also found that contextual variables better‐explained micro‐persistence than personal attributes. Encouraging micro‐persistence can improve CT acquisition and the learning processes involved.
Cross‐Border Debt Flows and Credit Allocation: Firm‐Level Evidence from the Euro Area
Authors: KAAT DANIEL MARCEL TE 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper employs euro area firm‐level data covering the years 2002–18 to examine the impact of cross‐border debt flows on the domestic allocation of credit across firms conditional on their profitability. As only debt flows driven by global push factors are exogenous with respect to domestic credit allocation, I overcome the endogeneity of debt flows by instrumenting them with a measure of global uncertainty (VIX). My results show that debt flows raise the credit growth rates of low performing firms significantly more than those of high performing firms. This result is driven by domestic banking sectors with lower capitalization.
Development of the facial glycation imaging system for in situ human face skin glycation index measurement
Authors: Lee Jinyong , Jeong Eui Taek , Lim Jun‐Man , Park Sun Gyoo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe accumulation of advanced glycation end products has been proposed as a causative agent of skin aging, but there are no conventional devices for quantifying advanced glycation end‐product accumulation in facial skin.AimsThis study aimed to develop a convenient and accurate in situ advanced glycation end‐product measurement system for the human face.MethodsWe developed a facial glycation imaging system, which consisted of illumination (white light‐emitting diode, ultraviolet light‐emitting diode) and image acquisition modules to capture face images. Advanced glycation end product–related autofluorescence and total skin reflectance were calculated to obtain the skin glycation index using an image analysis algorithm. Correlations between the skin glycation index and facial skin elasticity and age were examined in 36 healthy Korean women.ResultsThe facial glycation imaging system was validated against a volar forearm skin autofluorescence measurement device, that is, the AGE Reader mu, with forearm skin glycation index (R = 0.64, P < .01). Cheek elasticity was negatively correlated with cheek skin glycation index (R = −0.56, R = −0.57, and R = −0.61, P < .01 for R2, R5, and R7, respectively). Age was significantly correlated with forearm skin glycation index (R = 0.44, P < .01) and cheek skin glycation index (R = 0.48, P < .01).ConclusionWe successfully developed a novel in situ facial skin glycation index measurement device. Our convenient and accurate system enables in situ skin glycation index monitoring for skin aging studies such as those on anti‐glycation cosmetics.
Macroevolutionary insights into sedges (Carex: Cyperaceae): The effects of rapid chromosome number evolution on lineage diversification
Authors: Márquez‐Corro José I. , Martín‐Bravo Santiago , Jiménez‐Mejías Pedro , Hipp Andrew L. , Spalink Daniel , Naczi Robert F. C. , Roalson Eric H. , Luceño Modesto , Escudero Marcial 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChanges in holocentric chromosome number due to fission and fusion have direct and immediate effects on genome structure and recombination rates. These, in turn, may influence ecology and evolutionary trajectories profoundly. Sedges of the genusCarex(Cyperaceae) comprise ca. 2000 species with holocentric chromosomes. The genus exhibits a phenomenal range in the chromosome number (2n = 10 − 132) with almost not polyploidy. In this study, we integrated the most comprehensive cytogenetic and phylogenetic data for sedges with associated climatic and morphological data to investigate the hypothesis that high recombination rates are selected when evolutionary innovation is required, using chromosome number evolution as a proxy for recombination rate. We evaluated Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models to infer shifts in chromosome number equilibrium and selective regime. We also tested the relationship between chromosome number and diversification rates. Our analyses demonstrate significant correlations between morphology and climatic niche and chromosome number inCarex. Nevertheless, the amount of chromosomal variation that we are able to explain is very small. We recognized a large number of shifts in mean chromosome number, but a significantly lower number in climatic niche and morphology. We also detected a peak in diversification rates near intermediate recombination rates. In combination, these analyses point toward the importance of chromosome evolution to the evolutionary history ofCarex. Our work suggests that the effect of chromosome evolution on recombination rates, not just on reproductive isolation, may be central to the evolutionary history of sedges.
Shifting the Training Choice Decision to the Jobseeker—The Slovak Experience
Authors: Stefanik Miroslav 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe a reform in the allocation of training to unemployed jobseekers in Slovakia. Under the REPAS reform, unemployed jobseekers choose a specialization and training provider. This shift in responsibility from the caseworker to the client is comparable to the introduction of training vouchers under the German HARTZ I reform. Benefiting from research available on the German case, we first estimate the positive employment effects of training participation separately for the pre‐REPAS and REPAS periods. Second, we quantify and disaggregate the overall effect of the reform, which does not appear to be driven by a change in the composition of the participants. However, for at least one training specialization, this change does play a role in the short run. The overall reform effect is not channelled through the newly created segment of rare training specializations or high‐skilled participants.