bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonografisch assistierte venöse Thrombektomie im ersten Trimenon – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Hummel Thomas , Strohmann Barbara , Falkenstein Thomas , Stücker Markus , Mumme Achim , Mühlberger Dominic 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEs wird der Fall einer Patientin in der 12. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) mit einer deszendierenden 4-Etagen-Thrombose, welche unter konservativen stationären Maßnahmen einen Progress des Befundes erlitten hat, vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Patientin und ihr Ehemann hatten sich trotz erhöhten Risikos für den Fötus für eine operative Rekanalisation entschieden. Die venöse Thrombektomie wurde sonografisch assistiert, ohne Anlage einer AV-Fistel, durchgeführt. Die bei Schwangeren eingeschränkten diagnostischen Möglichkeiten und Einflussfaktoren für eine Risikoevaluation für Mutter und Kind werden dargestellt.
Iron-Catalyzed Stereoselective Allylboration of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolines with Potassium Allyltrifluoroborates
Authors: Fang Yong , Hu Xiaoling , Luo Yunfei , Shi Zhuangzhuang , Zhao Xu , Gopireddy Raveendra Reddy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn iron-catalyzed allyation of isoquinoline with potassium allyltrifluoroborate is described. The operation of this reaction is very simple and highly practical. The diastereoisomer having two adjacent chiral centers were obtained in single anti-configuration.
Nosocomial Infections in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Hospital-Based Study from North India
Authors: Koul Ajaz , Sheikh Arif , Bhat Sajad , Ahad Abrar , Qadir Ruhail , Khurseed Nayl , Kamil Raja 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health concern, it being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young adults. Infections acquired in the hospital setting are one of many risk factors that are associated with higher mortality in this population. Despite significant impact on the overall outcome, infections in TBI patients are largely understudied and underreported. The purpose of this study was to study the profile of infectious complications in patients with TBI and impact of these infections on the hospital outcome of these patients.
Materials and Methods The medical records of all the patients with a diagnosis of TBI admitted in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were reviewed. They were screened for presence of any predefined infection acquired at any time during their hospital stay. Data regarding demographics, focus of infection, results of various cultures, and hospital outcome was recorded.
Results A total of 60 patients with TBI who had developed nosocomial infections were included in this observational study. Patients were mostly young, with a mean age of 36.6 years. Majority (66.6%) of patients who developed infectious complications had Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of less than 10. Respiratory tract and urinary tract were the most common sites of infections in these patients. Burkholderia cepecia and Acinetobacter baumannii were the two most common isolated organisms. All-cause mortality in this population was 23.3%.
Conclusions Most TBI patients are young, in their productive period of lives, and do not have major comorbidities. Invariably, they have low GCS scores and encounter a breach of their surface immunity due to catheters, procedures, and intubation. Such patients make an extremely significant impact on hospital resources as well as poor economic outcomes.
Drug Alert Experience and Salience during Medical Residency at Two Healthcare Institutions
Authors: Gadhiya Kinjal , Zamora Edgar , Saiyed Salim M. , Friedlander David , Kaelber David C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Drug alerts are clinical decision support tools intended to prevent medication misadministration. In teaching hospitals, residents encounter the majority of the drug alerts while learning under variable workloads and responsibilities that may have an impact on drug-alert response rates.
Objectives This study was aimed to explore drug-alert experience and salience among postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1), postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2), and postgraduate year 3 (PGY-3) internal medicine resident physicians at two different institutions.
Methods Drug-alert information was queried from the electronic health record (EHR) for 47 internal medicine residents at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (UPMC) Pinnacle in Pennsylvania, and 79 internal medicine residents at the MetroHealth System (MHS) in Ohio from December 2018 through February 2019. Salience was defined as the percentage of drug alerts resulting in removal or modification of the triggering order. Comparisons were made across institutions, residency training year, and alert burden.
Results A total of 126 residents were exposed to 52,624 alerts over a 3-month period. UPMC Pinnacle had 15,574 alerts with 47 residents and MHS had 37,050 alerts with 79 residents. At MHS, salience was 8.6% which was lower than UPMC Pinnacle with 15%. The relatively lower salience (42% lower) at MHS corresponded to a greater number of alerts-per-resident (41% higher) compared with UPMC Pinnacle. Overall, salience was 11.6% for PGY-1, 10.5% for PGY-2, and 8.9% for PGY-3 residents.
Conclusion Our results are suggestive of long-term drug-alert desensitization during progressive residency training. A higher number of alerts-per-resident correlating with a lower salience suggests alert fatigue; however, other factors should also be considered including differences in workload and culture.
Overqualification as misrecognition
Authors: Clavero Sergio R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to examine the phenomenon of overqualification by confronting two distinct notions surrounding what constitutes a praiseworthy achievement. On the one hand, the model that operatesde factoin the contemporary labor market understands the notion of achievement in instrumental, competitive and individual terms. On the other hand, another model, which lays the foundation for workers’demandsfor recognition, is wider than the former one and considers workers’ qualifications as standalone achievements. In my view, the experience of overqualification as misrecognition is based on the huge and ever-increasing amount of effort and resources that individuals must invest into their education and training processes, as well as on the fact that social institutions publicly and explicitly regulate, encourage and promote these processes. I conclude with a brief analysis of the main structural cause of this mismatch between demanded and obtained recognition, namely, the system is unable to generate enough social esteem to proportionally recognize the capacities that the system itself pushes workers to develop.
Three experiments on the Einstein’s lift
Authors: Marzari A , Rosi Tommaso , Onorato P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a didactic model of Einstein's lift used to show the physics in a freefalling frame of reference. We discuss three experiments in Einstein's lift: the spring-mass system, the two repelling magnets system and the pendulum oscillations in free fall. Measurements are carried out through analysing videos acquired using a digital camera by means of open-access video analysis software which allows to describe the motion in both the inertial and moving frames of reference. We also show some videos edited with the software Adobe After Effects which enable us to see what happens in a freefalling frame of reference, and a video acquired by a GoPro camera falling integral with the lift. The topic, the accessibility of the experiments and the level of analysis are appropriate for an undergraduate classical mechanics course.
Undergraduate students’ reasoning about the quality of experimental measurements of covarying secondary data
Authors: van Kampen Paul , Gkioka Olga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We have investigated how first-year and second-year university students judge the quality of secondary experimental data consisting of measurements of covarying quantities, and to what extent they consider multiple measurements of covarying quantities as a single data set characterised by its mean and spread. Five cohorts of students at two universities participated in the study. They offered written responses to three open-ended questions. Individual follow-up interviews were conducted with fourteen students that were based on their previous written answers to understand their reasoning in more depth. A fine-grained analysis was undertaken to unpack students’ reasoning by grouping the criteria they used to judge the quality of the data into three broad categories: criteria independent of the data, criteria that based on the variation of the raw data, and criteria based on the variation of the derived quantity. We argue that responses in each category can be linked to different learning objectives. The students proposed various actions to increase the trustworthiness of the covarying data or a conclusion based on it. We have investigated to what extent decisions and proposed actions were consistent. Students generally showed a fragmented and primarily qualitative understanding of the concepts of mean, uncertainty, and line of best fit. Many students proposed to determine the value of a derived quantity by applying the equation relating it to the measurands to individual data points, all data points, or all data points except for outliers. Students appear to consider the best fit line as a tool for eliminating outliers, but much less frequently as a way to determine a derived quantity. We discuss implications for instructional practice and further research.
Numerical modelling of an enhanced perpendicular transport regime in the scrape-off layer of ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Zito A , Wischmeier M , Carralero D , Manz P , Paradela Pérez I , Passoni M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A desirable scenario for future fusion devices is one in which dissipative processes in the scrape-off layer (SOL) are maximized, aiming to detach the divertor plasma. The access to such a regime in current devices is thought to be correlated to the increase of the perpendicular particle transport in the SOL. In this work we investigated numerically how increasing perpendicular transport globally affects the SOL plasma through the SOLPS-ITER code package. For this we modelled one L-mode discharge, performed at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, trying to obtain the most accurate fit to the experimental data at the outer midplane. Studying the plasma solutions and analyzing the resulting momentum and power balances in the SOL allowed to characterize how enhancing perpendicular SOL transport leads to the experimentally observed phenomena, i.e. the formation of a density shoulder at the midplane and the partial detachment of the divertor plasma. The results suggest that strong momentum losses caused by the increase of transport are able to explain the qualitatively observed detachment in the modelled discharge. The concurrent enhanced ionization of neutrals resulting from divertor recycling, triggered by an increase of radial energy transport in the SOL, can be invoked as a cause for the shoulder formation.
Spin filtering induced by a magnetic insulator stripe on graphene
Authors: Fuentevilla C H , Lejarreta J D , Domínguez-Adame F , Diez E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Proximity exchange interaction between graphene electrons and nearby magnetic insulators paves the way to create spin-polarised currents for spintronics applications. Different ferro- and ferrimagnetic insulators, such as europium chalcogenides, yttrium iron garnet and cobalt ferrite, have been proposed in the literature to induce magnetic correlations in graphene. We theoretically study electronic transport properties of graphene in close proximity to a strip of a magnetic insulator, when the system is connected to nonmagnetic source and drain leads. To this end, we describe graphene electrons by means of an effective Hamiltonian whose model parameters are extracted from first-principle calculations. We compare the spin-polarization of the electron current calculated for a number of different magnetic insulators, aiming at elucidating the effects of the various model parameters on the efficiency of the device. In particular, we demonstrate that the polarization of the electric current across the device can be tuned by the source–drain voltage. We conclude that the heterostructures based on europium chalcogenides are ideal candidates to achieve high polarisation at low temperature.
Deformation parameter changes in fission mass yields within the systematic statistical scission-point model
Authors: Mehdipour Kaldiani Payam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The fission fragment mass-yields are evaluated for pre-actinide and actinide isotopes using a systematic statistical scission point model. The total potential energy of the fissioning systems at the scission point is presented in approximate relations as functions of mass numbers, deformation parameters and the temperature of complementary fission fragments. The collective temperature, T
coll, and the temperature of fission fragments, T

i
, are separated and the effect of collective temperature on mass yields results is investigated. The fragment temperature has been calculated with the generalized superfluid model. The sum of deformation parameters of complementary fission fragments has been obtained by fitting the calculated results with the experimental data. To investigate the transitions between symmetric and asymmetric modes mass yields for pre-actinide and heavy actinides are calculated with this model. The transition from asymmetric to symmetric fission is well reproduced using this systematic statistical scission point model. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data with T
coll = 2 MeV at intermediate excitation energy and with T
coll = 1 MeV for spontaneous fission. Despite the Langevin model, in the scission point model, a constraint on the deformation parameters of fission fragments has little effect on the results of the mass yield.
Influences of flexible defect on the interplay of supercoiling and knotting of circular DNA*
Authors: Xiong Caiyun , Nie Xiaolin , Peng Yixue , Zhou Xun , Fan Yangtao , Chen Hu , Liu Yanhui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Knots are discovered in biophysical systems, such as DNA and proteins. Knotted portions in knotted DNA are significantly bent and their corresponding bending angles are comparable with or larger than the sharp bending angle resulting in flexible defects. The role of flexible defects in the interplay of supercoiling and knotting of circular DNA were predicted by a Monte Carlo simulation. In knotted DNA with a particular knot type, a flexible defect noticeably enhances the supercoiling of the knotted DNA and the decreasing excitation energy makes the knotted portion more compact. A reduction in twist rigidity and unwinding of flexible defects are incorporated into the numerical simulations, so that interplay of supercoiling and knotting of circular DNA is studied under torsional conditions. Increasing unwinding not only results in a wider linking number distribution, but also leads to a drift of the distribution to lower values. A flexible defect has obvious effects on knotting probability. The summation of equilibrium distribution probability for nontrivial knotted DNA with different contour length does not change with excitation energy monotonically and has a maximum at an intermediate value of excitation energy around 5k
B
T. In the phase space of knot length and gyration radius of knotted DNA, knot length does not anticorrelate with its gyration radius, which is attributed to the flexible defect in the knotted portion, which leads to the release of bending energy and inhibited the competition between entropy and bending energy.
Electrochemical Stability of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives Under Cell Culture Conditions
Authors: Pan Qichao , Zhang Zuwei , Zhang Yaqiong , Zhang Yaopeng , Zhu Bo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (abbreviated as PEDOT) is widely used in nerve electrodes and biosensors. However, only a few investigations on the electrochemical stability of PEDOT derivatives in the biological environment have been reported. Here, the electrochemical performances of two PEDOT derivatives were evaluated during cell culture. The results showed phosphocholine-functionalized PEDOT (PEDOT-PC) to possess good anti-cell adhesion ability with 0.6% impedance change before and after cell culture. By comparison, hydroxyl-functionalized PEDOT (PEDOT-OH) promoted cell adhesion, in which impedance decreased by 17.6% with cell spreading due to strong adsorption of serum proteins. In sum, these findings look promising for the development of novel and facile PEDOT platforms for in vivo bioelectronics.
Selective laser melting 3D printed thermal shield metamaterial structure
Authors: Deng Tianxiang , Li Bo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to ingenious design and elaborate construction of artificial structures, thermal metamaterials commonly possess extraordinary properties beyond natural materials under the conventional heat transfer conditions. Based on the transformation thermodynamics theory and the effective medium theory, in this paper, a plane-structure thermal shield aiming to manipulate heat flow was artificially designed and manufactured with the selective laser melting (SLM) 3D printing technology. The well-designed thermal shield allows the heat flow to bypass the central area of the structure for transmission and can be applied for heat protection in industries. Furthermore, the thermal shield metamaterial was fabricated and experimentally tested through the thermal monitor platform. And the experimental findings were in good agreement with the thermal simulation results. Therefore, the research results and the use of SLM 3D printing technology verified the applicability and feasibility of the thermal shield in the fields of thermal engineering and thermal control.
The Analysis of Nanomaterials in Nanoparticle Protein Corona Enabled Tests for Early Detection of Cancers
Authors: Deng Qiyun , Zhu Yi , Chu Ziyue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cancer is the major worldwide cause of thickness and death, leading to the early diagnosis of cancers being the focus of current medicine. According to the World Cancer Research Fund International and Practice Update statistics, the ten-year survival rate of lung cancer is 7%, pancreatic cancer 2.2%. The average ten-year actuarial breast cancer-specific survival rate for all women age groups is 14.1%. The results in an urgent need for early detection of the three cancers to maximize patients’ survival rates. Protein-corona based tests are currently high-profile due to their performance on early diagnosis. When placed in human plasma, the protein patterns will be altered by specific pathologies, causing different protein corona compositions from healthy individuals., Early detection of cancers can be accurately realized through that. This study aims to provide a pathway for future research on nanoparticle-protein-corona-based tests and early diagnosis of lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer. This study is conducted by summarizing the currently existing developments and analyzing the performances and the limitations of types of nanomaterials used in the tests. The evidence of effective detection of early-stage cancers by protein-corona enabled tests can attain future research insights.
Study on Oxidizing Chlorine Induced Corrosion Behavior of Several Stainless Steel Alloys
Authors: Miao Changhui , Jiang Longfa , Bai Lingyun , Chen Tuchun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High temperature chlorine corrosion tests were performed on several stainless steels, which were 622,316, A59,686, 2#825, and 3#825. After corrosion under 70N2-2CO2-1O2-0.2HCl oxidizing gaseous environment at 800°C for 120 h, the corrosion dynamics of alloys were obtained, which showed the ability of alloys’ high temperature chlorine corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance sequence from high to low was A59>686>622> 3#825>2#825>316. This order is consistent with the Mo element content in the alloy. SEM/EDS analysis was used to observe the surface and cross-section morphology of the corroded samples. Alloys with high chlorine induced corrosion resistance formed Cr2O3 oxide layers on the surfaces of the samples, such as 622,686 and A59. Iron oxides formed alloys, such as 316 and 2#825, had lower corrosion resistance, because of the loose and porous oxides, which had very high vapor pressure. The formation of TiO2 could also enhance the corrosion resistance.
Preparation of a poly(L-lactic acid) braided stent with high radial force
Authors: Tian Yuan , Liu Muqing , Liu Wentao , Cheng Jie , Zhao Gutian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) braided stent with high radial force is prepared by optimizing the processes of monofilament forming and stent annealing. Firstly, three kinds of PLLA monofilaments with different diameters are prepared by melt extrusion, then two kinds of thicker monofilaments are further solid-state drawn to have diameters similar to that of the third thinner monofilament. The monofilament that is solid-state drawn at the larger draw ratio shows sufficient tensile mechanical properties and can be used for braiding stents, which is owing to the promotion of oriented crystallization. Secondly, PLLA braided stents are annealed at different temperatures. Stent not annealed shows much lower chronic outward force (COF) and much higher radial shrinkage rate (RSR) than those of annealed stents. Moreover, the COF is increased by 115% and the RSR is decreased by 59% as the annealing temperature is gradually increased from 80℃ to 160℃. Therefore, PLLA braided stents can be annealed at higher temperatures below their melting temperature to enhance the radial force. These results are due to the improved crystallinity induced by the thermal motion of molecular chains. This study may provide helpful suggestions for the preparation of biodegradable braided stents with high radial force.
Microstructures and mechanical properties of dispersoid-strengthened 6082 aluminum alloy plate produced by vacuumed centrifugal casting
Authors: Qian Xiaoming , Zhang Bosi , Wang Zhaodong , Li Yong , Li Jiadong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A dispersoid-strengthened 6082 alloy was prepared using vacuum centrifugal casting. The casting pipe was split into two halves along the axial direction, then every single half of the pipe was flattened and was treated as a slab and was subsequently generated to the conventional rolling to produce plate. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the inner, middle, and outer layers of the pipe was studied. The results shows that the intermetallic in the as-cast microstructure was gradient distributed, the number density of intermetallic decreased and the average size increased from outer layer to inner layer. After heat treatment, area fraction of the α-Al(Fe, Mn)Si dispersoid zone and the number density of dispersoid increased gradually from outer layer to inner layer. After rolling, the high temperature strength of the plates decreased and the elongation decreased from the outer layer to the inner layer.