bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the role of zooxanthellae during coral bleaching? Review of zooxanthellae and their response to environmental stress
Authors: Curran Anuschka , Barnard Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Coral reefs are diverse and productive but sensitive ecosystems. Due to the impact of climate change, these organisms are in danger of dying out, mainly through the process of coral bleaching, which is the process by which zooxanthellae (algal endosymbionts) are expelled from their respective coral hosts, causing the coral to lose colour and become white. Coral bleaching has been linked to increases in sea surface temperatures as well as an increase in light intensity. We reviewed the different zooxanthellae taxa and their ecological traits, as well as the information available on the protective mechanisms present in zooxanthellae cells when they experience environmental stress conditions, such as temperature fluctuations, specifically concentrating on heat shock proteins and their response to antioxidant stress. The eight clades (A–H) previously recognised were reorganised into seven existing genera. Different zooxanthellae taxa exhibit different ecological traits such as their photosynthetic stress responses to light and temperature. Zooxanthellae have the ability to regulate the number and type of heat shock proteins (Hsps) they produce during a heat response. They can also regulate the host’s respective Hsps. Antioxidant responses that can prevent coral hosts from expelling the zooxanthellae, can be found both within exposed coral tissue and the zooxanthellae cells. Despite the lower likelihood of bleaching in South African coral reefs, genetic engineering presents a useful tool to understand and adapt traits within zooxanthellae genotypes to help mitigate coral bleaching in the future.Significance:

Coral bleaching is the expulsion of zooxanthellae (algal symbionts) from the respective coral host, mainly due to elevated sea surface temperatures and light intensities, but numerous other factors, such as changes concerning salinity (ocean acidification), may also cause coral bleaching, although to a much lesser extent.
A specific clade of zooxanthellae can be linked to their coral host’s susceptibility to variation in oceanic temperatures, most probably by regulating both the host’s respective heat shock proteins as well as their own.
South African reefs have not experienced coral bleaching to the same degree as elsewhere in the world, mainly due to their unique reef topography and oceanic currents.
Genetic bioengineering of zooxanthellae cells provides a plausible solution to save southern African coral reefs before it is too late.
INFLUENCE OF A PREFABRICATED-CROWN ROLLING PROCESS ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF AZ31 MAGNESIUM ALLOY
Authors: Huang Zhiquan , Zou Jinchao , Wang Junpeng , Pei Yanjie , Huang Renyao , Yang Guowei 
Published: July 2021

The present study aims to investigate the effect of a prefabricated-crown rolling process on the corrosion characteristic of the AZ31 magnesium alloy. Specimens made of the AZ31 alloy were rolled under various crown conditions, and their microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior were analyzed. The corrosion behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the corrosion-current density of the AZ31 alloy with a side pressure of 37.5 % of the plate thickness of the precast convexity decreased from 3.79 × 10–6 A/cm2 to 1.80 × 10–6 A/cm2, and the difference between the edge and the middle of the AZ31 alloy was shortened from 2.05 × 10–6 A/cm2 to 1.14 × 10–6 A/cm2. The charge-transfer resistance also increased from 507.1 Ω·cm2 to 581.2 Ω·cm2. The improvement in the corrosion resistance is a result of the more stable corrosion products and microstructure refinement formed after the prefabricated-crown rolling process.
Ankilozan spondilit hastalarinda anemi sıklığının belirlenmesi ve biyolojik DMARD tedavisi ile değişimi
Authors: KELES ONAL Asli , SARIKAYA Selda 
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı ankilozan spondilit(AS) hastalarında anemi sıklığını değerlendirmek ve aneminin biyolojik hastalık modifiye edici ilaç (bDMARDs) tedavisi ile değişimini gözlemlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya AS tanısı alan, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon polikliniğinde takipli 137 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların hemoglobin(HGB), ferritin, demir, demir bağlama kapasitesi, eritrosit hacmi (MCV), hemotokrit(HCT), eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı (ESH), C-reaktif protein(CRP) düzeyleri hastane veri kayıt sistemi incelenerek kaydedildi. Tedavi öncesi ve tedaviden 1 yıl sonra elde edilen veriler karşılaştırıldı ve ile hastaların anemi değerlendirmeleri yapıldı. Adalimumab ve golimumab kullanan hastalarda hemoglobin değerlerinde oluşan artış karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 99 hastanın 56’sında (%56,5) anemi saptandı. Hastaların 49’unda (%49,4) demir eksikliği anemisi, 7’sinde (%7) kronik hastalık anemisi saptandı. bDMARDs tedavisinin 52.haftasında incelenen tüm hastalarda ESH ve CRP değerlerinde gerileme ile birlikte, eritrosit sayılarında ve HGB seviyelerinde yükselme saptandı. Tüm hastalarda HGB seviyelerinde anlamlı artış olduğu görüldü. Adalimumab ve golimumab arasında hemoglobin seviyelerinde oluşan artış karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Hastalığın kontrol altına alınmasında etkili olan bDMARDs tedavisi ile AS hastalarının anemi düzeylerinde iyileşme görülebilir.
Relationship between presystolic A wave and aortic distensibility in hypertensive patients
Authors: PANÇ Cafer , GÜRBAK İsmail , GÜLER Arda 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Arterial stiffness has been shown as an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients. commonly seen in pulse wave Doppler echocardiographic examination of the left ventricle outflow tract, is related to diastolic dysfunction and arterial stiffness parameters. Our study aims to investigate the relation between aortic distensibility (AD) and presystolic A wave (PSW),.
Materials and Methods: Hypertensive patients were included in the study. Aortic stiffness was calculated by measuring aortic diameters with m-mode in echocardiography, and the presence of PSW was noted from the left ventricle outflow tract just proximal to the aortic valve in apical five-chamber view.
Results: A total of 149 hypertensive patients were included. Diastolic blood pressure, septum diameter, posterior wall diameter, aortic diastolic, and systolic diameter were significantly higher in the presence of PSW. Aortic distensibility (AD) was higher in patients with PSW. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that AD (OR: 0.812, 95% CI: 0.712 – 0.927, p = 0.002) was an independent predictor of PSW presence.
Conclusion: PSW presence is associated with aortic stiffness evaluated by decreased aortic distensibility and highlights that PSW presence could be an independent predictor of aortic stiffness in patients with HT.
Covid-19 pandemisinde toplum ruh sağlığı merkezlerinin hizmet şekli değişikliği ile şizofreni hastalarındaki anksiyete düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki
Authors: ÖZCAN TOZOĞLU Elif , ALKAN Emre , ÖZPOLAT Gökhan 
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Covid-19 pandemisinde Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Merkezlerinin (TRSM) hizmet şekli ile şizofreni hastalarındaki anksiyete düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Erzurum Bölge Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi TRSM’e düzenli olarak gelen 22-68 yaş arasındaki remisyondaki 26 şizofreni hastası çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri değerlendirmek için bir form kullanılmıştır. Hastalara pandemi öncesinde uygulanan Klinik Global İzlenim Ölçeği (KGİÖ) ve Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (STAI), pandemi sonrası görüşmelerin asgariye indirildiği dönemde 2. kez ve sonrasında yüz yüze düzenli görüşmelerin tekrar başladığı dönemde 3.kez uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: STAI skorları en yüksek 2. görüşmede, en düşük 1. görüşmede saptanmıştır. Her 3 görüşmede de skorlar istatistiki olarak birbirinden anlamlı olarak farklıdır. KGİÖ değerleri her 3 görüşmede istatistiki olarak birbirinden anlamlı ölçüde farklı gözükmekle birlikte; yapılan post-hoc analizlerde bu fark istatistiki olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızdan elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar Covid-19 pandemisinin şizofreni hastalarının psikolojik durumu üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olabileceğini ve toplum ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin ise bu etkiyi azaltmada katkı sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir.
Sivas İl Merkezi’nde otizm spektrum bozukluğunun (OSB) yaygınlığı ve aile sağlığı merkezleri sağlık çalışanlarının OSB farkındalıkları
Authors: GÖLBAŞI Hatice , DEMİREL Yeltekin , NEMMEZİ KARACA Sanem , UZUN CİCEK Ayla , SARI Seda Aybüke 
Published: July 2021

bozukluğunun (OSB) yaygınlığının saptanması ve Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerinde (ASM) görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının OSB farkındalıklarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemi 18-72 ay arası 752 çocuk ve 90 aile hekimi ile 78 aile sağlığı elemanlarından (ASE) oluştu. Sağlık çalışanlarına OSB Bilgi ve Tutum Ölçeği ve OSB Farkındalık Anketi uygulandı. Çocukların tümüne Değiştirilmiş Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Otizm Tarama Ölçeği (M-CHAT) uygulandı.
Bulgular: Aile hekimlerinin OSB Bilgi-Tutum Ölçeği ile OSB Farkındalık Anketi puan ortalamaları ASE'lerinkinden anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Taramada OSB için risk oranı %6.25 (n=47); yaygınlık oranı %0.53 olarak saptandı. Riskli saptanan bu çocukların 20’si çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi uzmanı tarafından değerlendirildi. Değerlendirilen 20 çocuğun 7’si normal saptanırken, 4’ü OSB tanısı, 9’u başka psikiyatrik tanılar aldı.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma Sivas İl Merkezi’nde OSB yaygınlık oranının %0.53 olduğunu ve aile hekimlerinin OSB farkındalıklarının ASE'lerinkinden daha yüksek olduğunu gösterdi. Sağlık çalışanlarının OSB'ye ilişkin farkındalıklarının artmasına yönelik eğitim programlarının OSB’li çocukların erken saptanmasına katkı sağlayabileceği kanaatindeyiz.
Effect of birth type on parenting behavior, infant perception and maternal attachment
Authors: ÇETİN AVCI Seda , EGELİOĞLU CETİŞLİ Nuray 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of birth type on parenting behaviors, infant perception and maternal attachment.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and comparative study was conducted with 77 primipara mothers (vaginal birth: 48, cesarean section: 29). The data were collected in three follow-ups using the Individual Presentation Form, Postpartum Parenting Behavior Scale (PPBS), Neonatal Perception Scale (NPS) and Maternal Attachment Scale (MAS). The first follow-up was performed by observation in the birth room/operating room, and the second follow-up was carried out by face to face interview in the obstetrics clinic 24 hours after the birth and the third follow-up was conducted as reaching by telephone one month after the birth.
Results: In the study, no statistically meaningful difference was found between the mean scores of PPBS, MAS and infant perception regarding the birth type. No correlation was found between the PPBS and MAS mean scores in both groups, and no difference between the mean scores of PPBS and MAS was found regarding their infant perception.
Conclusion: As the cesarean delivery rates increases, nursing care given to women that give cesarean section increases. Some mothers may be anxious and upset about maternal attachment, parenting, and newborn because of cesarean delivery. Therefore, nurses should support these mothers by expressing that there is no difference between parental behavior, maternal attachment levels and newborn perception according to the type of delivery in addition to standard care.
Efficacy of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in determining lymph node metastases in testicular cancer
Authors: KÖŞECİ Tolga , HAKSÖYLER Veysel , KARADENİZ Cemiler , KAYA Dılşa , DİLEK Okan , SUNGUR Mehmet Ali , BOZKURT DUMAN Berna , ÇİL Timuçin 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor in young men between the ages of 20-35 and has excellent clinical outcomes with appropriate treatment. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR) is related with prognosis and relapse in different solid tumors. We aimed to investigate the relation of presence and size of regional lymph node metastasis with NLR in testicular cancer.
Materials and Methods: A total of 72 testicular cancer patients were included in the study. All medical records were retrospectively collected. NLR was calculated as the count of neutrophil divided by the count of lymphocyte. Chest and abdomen computed tomograpy (CT) scans of all patients were evaluated for metastases.
Results: The mean age was 32.18±8.89 years. The pathologic classification was seminoma in 43% and nonseminoma in 57% of patients. Of 72 patients, 32 (44.4%) had lymph node positivity and 40 (55.6%) hadnot. The mean NLR value was 2.63±1.79 for all cohort. The mean NLR was significantly lower in patients with lymph node negative disease (for lymph node positive and negative disease 3.19±2.32 and 2.25±1.06, respectively.). In the ROC analysis, 2.5 was determined as the cut-off value for NLR to assess lymph node status. Conclusion NLR is a cheap and readily available index that can be used to determine lymph node metastases in testicular GCTs.
Efficacy of EDP ± mitotane chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. Predictive and prognostic factors of efficacy
Authors: Zhulikov Ya. A. , Kovalenko E. I. , Bohyan V. Yu. , Khoroshilov M. V. , Gabrava M. M. , Artamonova E. V. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an orphan disease with an unfavorable prognosis. The most effective therapeutic option in the treatment of ACC is EDP plus mitotane combination chemotherapy. However, no studies comparing the efficacy of the EDP regimen with or without mitotane have been published.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of health records of patients with histologically confirmed metastatic ACC, who received at least one chemotherapy cycle with EDP ± mitotane. The study included 73 patients, 49 of which received a combination of EDP and mitotane and 24 were treated with EDP chemotherapy.Results. The objective response rate was 18,4 % in the EDP + mitotane group versus 4,1 % in the EDP group. Disease control was reported in 25 (51 %) and 13 (54,2 %) patients, respectively. No significant differences were found in progression-free survival (PFS) rates between the EDP and EDP + mitotane groups; the median PFS rate was 6,5 and 6,0 months, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) in the total population was 20,9 months; no significant differences were found between the groups. However, an increase in median PFS was observed in patients who achieved a therapeutic concentration of mitotane. Moreover, the achievement of therapeutic mitotane concentrations was the only factor significantly associated with improved PFS (HR 0.44, p = 0.006). Significant unfavorable prognostic factors associated with lower OS were Ki-67 level in the primary tumor > 20 % (HR 10.5, p = 0.006) and more than 1 site of metastases (HR 3.82, p = 0.02).Conclusions. This study showed that the addition of mitotane to EDP chemotherapy does not improve the median PFS and OS in the total patient population, however, the achievement of therapeutic mitotane concentrations is significantly associated with improved progression-free survival.
Negative results of humoral immunity after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patient with advanced ovarian cancer treated with maintenance immunotherapy and targeted therapy: a clinical case and а literature review
Authors: Rumyantsev A. A. 
Published: July 2021

Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V, Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation) is an adenovirus viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 which became the very first vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 registered in Russia and worldwide. The vaccine efficacy and safety in cancer patients is unknown. We present a clinical case of the absence of post-vaccination immunity after the use of Gam-COVID-Vac in a patient with advanced ovarian cancer treated with maintenance targeted and immunotherapy and discuss it in the light of the available evidence base on the effectiveness of other anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccines in cancer patients.
Hypoxia – as a Possible Regulator of the Activity of Epicardial Mesothelial Cells After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dergilev K. V. , Tsokolaeva Z. I. , Vasilets Yu. D. , Beloglazova I. B. , Kulbitsky B. N. , Parfyonova Ye. V. 
Published: July 2021

Aim To study the effect of hypoxia on the activity of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epicardial cells, which provides formation of a specialized microenvironment.Material and methods This study used a model of experimental myocardial infarction created by ligation of the anterior descendent coronary artery. The activity of epicardial cells after a hypoxic exposure was studied with the hypoxia marker, pimonidazole, bromodeoxyuridine, immunofluorescent staining of heart cryosections, and in vitro mesothelial cell culture.ResultsThe undamaged heart maintained the quiescent condition of mesothelial cells and low levels of their proliferation, extracellular matrix protein production, and of the EMT activity. Acute ischemic injury induced moderate hypoxia in the epicardial/subepicardial region. This caused a global rearrangement of this region due to the initiation of EMT in cells, changes in the cell composition, and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. We found that the initiation of EMT in mesothelial cells may result in the formation of smooth muscle cell precursors, fibroblasts, and a population of Sca-1+ cardiac progenitor cells, which may both participate in construction of new blood vessels and serve as a mesenchymal link for the paracrine support of microenvironmental cells. In in vitro experiments, we showed that 72‑h hypoxia facilitated activation of EMT regulatory genes, induced dissembling of intercellular contacts, cell uncoupling, and increased cell plasticity.Conclusion The epicardium of an adult heart serves as a “reparative reserve” that can be reactivated by a hypoxic exposure. This creates a basis for an approach to influence the epicardium to modulate its activity for regulating reparative processes.
Evaluation of analgesic (in vivo) activity of Ariflex liniment in comparison with diclofenac gel by acetic acid induced writhing model
Authors: Nipanikar Sanjay U. , Chitlange Sohan S. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Adverse effects of available medications for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitate development of safer and effective alternative medicinal substitutes. The present study was conducted to evaluate analgesic activity of Ariflex liniment (conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.) in comparison with diclofenac gel by using acetic acid induced writhing model.Methods: Albino mice of either sex weighing 20-25 g were taken and divided into 3 groups with 5 animals in each group, i.e., group 1 (control group), group 2 (diclofenac gel) and group 3 (Ariflex liniment). After 1 hour of topical application of study drugs writhing was induced in mice using intra-peritonial injection of 1% acetic acid in volume of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Then the writhing episodes were recorded for 30 minutes and results were noted.Results: In the control group, the total number of writhes were 260±29.73 (mean±S. E. M.). The total number of writhes was 12.17±11.81 (mean ± S. E. M.) in diclofenac group. In Ariflex liniment group, not a single animal felt pain, hence there were no writhes recorded. When compared to control group, the difference in number of writhes was statistically significant. The analgesic activity of Ariflex liniment was found to be superior to that of diclofenac gel used as standard drug.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Ariflex liniment possesses analgesic activity.
Efficacy of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate for infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ay Sinan S. , Birge Özer , Bakır Mehmet S. , Yumru Ayşe E. 
Published: July 2021

Background: The aim was to compare ovulation induction protocols in anovulatory patients, who make up a significant percentage of infertility patients, and to determine the most appropriate treatment for patients in the clinic based on the findings.Methods: The effectiveness of clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) in ovulation induction treatments were retrospectively compared in patients who applied for infertility in the last 5 years and were found to be anovulatory. 20 of these patients were being treated with clomiphene citrate, while the 18 were being treated with letrozole.Results: The study included a total of 38 anovulatory infertile patients. The mean age of the patients was found to be 29.3. When the endometrial thicknesses (ET) after the treatment were compared, the first group's mean EC was 6.1, while that of the second group was 9.05. The endometrial thicknesses measured after the treatments were found to be significantly different, which were consistent with other studies in the literature. Post-treatment ovulation responses were similar with 55% in both groups. In the evaluation of pregnancy outcomes, 20% of pregnancy was achieved in the first group and 33% in the second group.Conclusions: The use of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, may be suggested as an alternative to CC in the ovulation induction protocol in our clinical practice, particularly in obese patients.