bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expected and observed in‐hospital mortality in heart failure patients before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Introduction of the machine learning‐based standardized mortality ratio at Helios hospitals
Authors: König Sebastian , Pellissier Vincent , Leiner Johannes , Hohenstein Sven , Ueberham Laura , Meier‐Hellmann Andreas , Kuhlen Ralf , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas ,   Helios hospitals
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundReduced hospital admission rates for heart failure (HF) and evidence of increased in‐hospital mortality were reported during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to apply a machine learning (ML)‐based mortality prediction model to examine whether the latter is attributable to differing case mixes and exceeds expected mortality rates.Methods and ResultsInpatient cases with a primary discharge diagnosis of HF non‐electively admitted to 86 German Helios hospitals between 01/01/2016 and 08/31/2020 were identified. Patients with proven or suspected SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were excluded. ML‐based models were developed, tuned, and tested using cases of 2016–2018 (n = 64,440; randomly split 75%/25%). Extreme gradient boosting showed the best model performance indicated by a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.882 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.872–0.893). The model was applied on data sets of 2019 and 2020 (n = 28,556 cases) and the hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) was computed as the observed to expected death ratio. Observed mortality rates were 5.84% (2019) and 6.21% (2020), HSMRs based on an individual case‐based mortality probability were 100.0 (95% CI: 93.3–107.2; p = 1.000) for 2019 and 99.3 (95% CI: 92.5–106.4; p = .850) for 2020. Within subgroups of age or hospital volume, there were no significant differences between observed and expected deaths. When stratified for pandemic phases, no excess death during the COVID‐19 pandemic was observed.ConclusionApplying an ML algorithm to calculate expected inpatient mortality based on administrative data, there was no excess death above expected event rates in HF patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
19F MRI Nanotheranostics for Cancer Management: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Li Yanan , Cui Jing , Li Chenlong , Zhou Huimin , Chang Jun , Aras Omer , An Feifei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is a promising imaging technique for cancer diagnosis because of its excellent soft tissue resolution and deep tissue penetration, as well as the inherent high natural abundance, almost no endogenous interference, quantitative analysis, and wide chemical shift range of the 19F nucleus. In recent years, scientists have synthesized various 19F MRI contrast agents. By further integrating a wide variety of nanomaterials and cutting‐edge construction strategies, magnetically equivalent 19F atoms are super‐loaded and maintain satisfactory relaxation efficiency to obtain high‐intensity 19F MRI signals. In this review, the nuclear magnetic resonance principle underlying 19F MRI is first described. Then, the construction and performance of various fluorinated contrast agents are summarized. Finally, challenges and future prospects regarding the clinical translation of 19F MRI nanoprobes are considered. This review will provide strategic guidance and panoramic expectations for designing new cancer theranostic regimens and realizing their clinical translation.
Secondary effects of body dissatisfaction interventions on adolescent depressive symptoms: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ahuvia Isaac , Jans Laura , Schleider Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveDepression is a leading cause of disability among adolescents, yet existing treatments are variably effective, suggesting needs to identify novel intervention targets. Body dissatisfaction (BD) may be a promising, but understudied, target: BD is common among adolescents; prospectively associated with future depression; and modifiable through intervention. BD interventions are typically evaluated in terms of impacts on eating disorders, but many trials also measure depression‐related secondary outcomes. However, BD intervention effects on depression have not been systematically examined. We, therefore, conducted a meta‐analysis to estimate secondary effects of BD interventions on depression symptoms and related outcomes in adolescents (ages 12–19).MethodOur systematic review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2006 and December 2020. Across‐group effect sizes were analyzed using robust variance estimation. Preregistered methods, data, and analytic code are available at https://osf.io/734n8/.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 13 RCTs, 50 effect sizes, and 6,962 participants. BD interventions led to significant postintervention reductions in depression‐related outcomes versus control conditions (g = −0.19 at postintervention, 95% confidence interval: −0.07, −0.31, p = .005). No evidence emerged for moderators of this meta‐analytic effect.DiscussionOverall, BD‐focused interventions significantly reduced adolescent depression, with mean postintervention effect sizes comparable to those observed for interventions targeting depression explicitly. Results are bolstered by preregistered methods and robustness checks. Limitations include a lack of data on participants' sexual and gender identities and a significant risk of bias in the underlying literature. Future research on BD interventions should measure depression symptom severity as a secondary outcome.
Retrospective stable isotopes of vertebrae reveal sexual ontogenetic patterns and trophic ecology in oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus
Authors: Shen Yongfu , Gong Yi , Wu Feng , Li Yunkai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is a common phenomenon in nature whereby some animals have differences in their ontogenetic changes in dietary preferences between sexes, especially apex predators. These reflect changes in the needs of development during their lifetimes. Apex predators potentially have diverse dietary niches and a large impact on the trophic dynamics within ecosystems. However, the difference in life history between males and females often leads to increased difficulty in management and conservation. In this study, 25 oceanic whitetip sharks, Carcharhinus longimanus, were collected from the central and eastern tropical Pacific. Retrospective stable isotope analysis of vertebrae was used to evaluate the potential ontogenetic differences in feeding habits and niche width between sexes. Results showed that C. longimanus had a wide range of δ13C values (−18.1 to −12.3‰) and δ15N values (8.9–14.8‰). However, males and females had similar trophic positions with large niche overlap at similar growth stages. Both sexes had increasing δ13C values but relatively constant δ15N values along the vertebrae. These results indicated that male and female C. longimanus may share similar feeding strategies and movement patterns. The results presented in this study enhance our understanding of sexual ontogenetic patterns and ecological role of C. longimanus and highlighted the applicability of vertebrae for characterizing shark life‐history traits.
Transboundary environmental publics and hydropower governance in the Mekong River Basin: A contested politics of place, scale and temporality
Authors: Yong Ming Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a conceptualisation of transboundary environmental publics (TEPs) to interrogate the distinctive pathways through which contestations over public participation and ‘stakeholder engagement’ in transboundary environmental governance have emerged. While much attention has been paid to how the discourse and practices of public participation have been co‐opted by powerful actors to serve vested interests, fewer studies have questioned how the contingent and fragmented nature of ‘publics’ entangled with a politics of representation have contributed towards the failings of public participation. This paper examines how state and nonstate TEPs have emerged as multi‐dimensional, material and discursive entities within hybrid hydropower governance arrangements in the Mekong River Basin. Public participation in relation to hydropower dams on the Mekong River's mainstream is intertwined with the contingent formation of TEPs through the Mekong River Commission's Procedures for Notification, Prior Consultation and Agreement (PNPCA). Contestations over public participation may be understood by examining the specific ways in which 1) ‘publics’ were assembled, 2) notions of ‘place’ were interpreted, 3) scalar constructions were influenced by centre‐periphery power dynamics and 4) temporality was defined. To understand how this convening of ‘publics’ fundamentally influences the potential for meaningful public participation, this paper contrasts the TEPs formed through the PNPCA and the Save the Mekong Coalition (STMC), a transnational activism network. The STMC TEP provided reimaginations of scalar constructions and broadened definitions of publics, places, and temporality in participation, reflecting how the topographical and discursive practices that underlie the creation of TEPs have important implications for their legitimacy and effectiveness in influencing decision making.
A review of connectors and joining technologies for electronic textiles
Authors: Stanley Jessica , Hunt John A. , Kunovski Phil , Wei Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReliable connections between electronic circuits remain a challenge in electronic (e‐) textiles, where circuitry and components are embedded into clothing and other soft objects. E‐textiles that can measure physiological signals, deliver medical interventions, or act as a human‐computer interface are becoming increasingly pervasive, and the market for such products is predicted to grow dramatically in the coming years. Despite market predictions, several technical and production challenges persist, and these need to be overcome in order to realize commercial success. Challenges include a lack of standards for materials and manufacturing methods, issues with durability and washability, and incompatibility between textiles and electronic manufacturing methods. Joining technologies are a central part of this, as connecting e‐textile parts in a way that is electrically reliable and durable, without negatively impacting the form, fit, and function of a garment is challenging. This article reviews key joining technologies used in e‐textiles to date, demonstrating that few solutions have been specifically developed for e‐textile applications. Existing solutions are mostly connectors designed for use in rigid electronics, or textile closure mechanisms adapted to work with e‐textiles. A need for development of new joining technologies for e‐textiles, as well as further research into the performance of existing methods is highlighted.
The efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel for the treatment of refractory focal‐onset seizures in patients with epilepsy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yiming , Zeng Ya , Mu Jie , Zhou Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe last decade has seen an increase in the use of anti‐seizure medications (ASMs); however, the burden of treating drug‐resistant epilepsy has not fallen. We performed this meta‐analysis to evaluate the optimal dose of Perampanel (PER) as a new adjunctive treatment for drug‐resistant seizures.MethodsWe searched for studies published from inception to February 1, 2021 from PubMed, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ScienceDirect. Research characteristics, patients' characteristics, and treatment regimen, concomitant ASMs, clinical outcomes were extracted. The practical outcome included a reduction in seizures frequency ≥50%, ≥75%, and ≥100% from baseline convulsive seizure frequency, and the safety outcome included the proportion of drug withdrawal and adverse reactions. Odds ratios (OR) for 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by the inverse variance method.ResultsFour trials which enrolled 2187 participants (1569 in the PER group and 618 in the placebo group) were included. Results showed that 8 or 12 mg per day had the best effect on all three outcomes, with no significant difference between 8 and 12 mg per day (≥50% reduction, 35.5% vs 36.1%, P = .84; ≥75% reduction, 17.8% vs 19.1%, P = .64; seizure‐free, 3.5% vs 3.7%, P = .85). In addition, 12‐mg PER compared to 8 mg had a higher proportion of trial withdrawal (8.7% vs 17.0%; P < .00001) and treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) resulting in dose reduction/discontinuation (18.5% vs 32.0%; P < .00001). The adverse events (AEs) significantly associated with adjunctive PER were dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, and irritability.SignificanceAdjunctive treatment of PER was associated with a more significant reduction in the frequency of seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy than placebo, but with a higher frequency of AEs. PER at a daily dose of 8 mg appears to have the best ratio between efficacy and tolerance in most study participants.
Earthquake ground motion estimation for buildings using absolute floor acceleration response data
Authors: Pan Haoran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEarthquake ground motion information is useful for structural vibration control during earthquakes and post‐earthquake inspections of structural damage. However, in practice, the ground input data on a specific location may not be available because of instrumentation limitations or technical issues. Numerous studies have been devoted to identifying the unknown excitation. Most of these studies required responses in relative coordinates or from systems with direct feedthrough. On the other hand, acceleration monitoring systems in applications measure global responses of buildings, which corresponds to the absolute acceleration of a point on a structure, that is, the measured floor acceleration is the sum of the unknown earthquake‐induced ground motion and acceleration relative to the ground when an earthquake happens. In this study, a ground motion estimation approach was developed based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF) with an embedded Bayesian noise parameter updating technique, which requires a relatively small number of sensors for absolute acceleration measurements. Numerical simulations, a shaking table test, and a real‐world application were performed to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method.
Spatio‐temporal reconstruction of avulsion history at the terminus of a modern dryland river system
Authors: Donselaar Marinus E. , Cuevas Gozalo Margarita C. , van Toorenenburg Koen A. , Wallinga Jakob 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluvial depositional architecture in an unconfined environment is governed by sediment dispersal across the alluvial plain through river‐path switching by avulsion. Documented inter‐avulsion periodicity from modern rivers ranges from tens to over a thousand years. In this study, a quantitative spatio‐temporal reconstruction of avulsion history is presented of the non‐vegetated and pristine modern Río Colorado dryland river system in the semi‐arid Altiplano Basin (Bolivia), based on the integrated analysis of satellite imagery and absolute age dating using optically stimulated luminescence, complemented with sedimentological and geomorphological ground‐truth data. This approach enables us to reconstruct the chronological order of channel belts of the Río Colorado, to determine avulsion recurrence time and inter‐avulsion periodicity, to identify mechanisms for flow path changes, and to present a morphodynamic model for the spatio‐temporal evolution of fluvial deposits in a semi‐arid environment. In a maximum timespan of 12.71 ± 1.5 ka, successive avulsions of the Río Colorado created a sheet of interconnected fluvial deposits, consisting of diverging and juxtaposed alluvial ridges that formed by sediment aggradation in point bars, crevasse splays, levees, and on the channel floor. The ridges show lateral onlap and amalgamation as the result of repeated avulsion and compensational stacking, whereby the river avoided the positive alluvial‐ridge relief of its precursors. The resultant morphology is fan‐shaped, convex‐up with a surface area of approximately 500 km2 and a maximum observed thickness of 3 m. The results show inter‐avulsion periods of the river of up to 1.28 ± 0.34 ka. A paucity in fluvial activity around 2 ka BP, and at present, is interpreted as the result of low river discharge related to long‐term dry periodicity in the El Niño Southern Oscillation circulation system. Each river path started as a low sinuous, single‐thread channel in a narrow belt, and in time increased its width and sinuosity by point‐bar expansion and rotation.
Impact of energy storage and flexible alternating current transmission devices in combined voltage and frequency regulation of multiarea multisource interconnected power system
Authors: Dekaraja Biswanath , Saikia Lalit Chandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article emphasizes the impact of coordinated energy storage (ES) and flexible alternating current transmission (FACTS) devices in the combined voltage and frequency control of multi‐area systems having hydro, thermal, geothermal, and solar thermal power plants. Appropriate realistic constraints are equipped with both hydro and thermal units. A novel fuzzy logic controller‐based cascade PI and PID with filter coefficient (N), FCPI‐PIDN controller is proposed and optimized various controller parameters using artificial flora algorithm. Comparative analysis of FCPI‐PIDN, Cascade PI and PIDN (CPI‐PIDN), and PIDN controllers show the superiority of the FCPI‐PIDN controller to others. Integration of ES devices (ESDs), such as redox flow battery (RFB), capacitive energy storage (CES), and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) indicates that the incorporation of ESDs enhance the system performance and RFB is superior to SMES and CES. Moreover, integration of FACTS devices, such as interline power flow controller (IPFC), thyristor control series capacitor (TCSC), and unified power flow controller (UPFC) indicates the incorporation of FACTS devices improve the system dynamic and coordination of IPFC‐RFB provide better response than TCSC‐RFB and UPFC‐RFB. Investigation reveals that the optimal location of RFB is Area 1 and IPFC is in between Areas 1 and 3. Sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of the FCPI‐PIDN controller.
A two‐stage energy management strategy for household microgrids considering the influence of electric vehicle travel characteristics and daylight hours
Authors: Song Kun , Wang Yang , Zhao Qizhi , Zhang Minghui , Xu Xilin , Ji Xing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose a two‐stage energy management strategy for household microgrids to improve their operational efficiency and economic benefits by making full use of the time‐of‐use electricity price and considering the impact of temporal and spatial uncertainty of electric vehicles (EVs) and different sunshine hours on household photovoltaic (PV). The strategy combines the time‐sharing tariff period and the travel time of EVs to make full use of the dual attributes of EVs as both load and generation units. Particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the household PV output, EV and storage system charging/discharging strategies, and the energy interaction between the microgrid and the main network. This algorithm guides the household microgrid to achieve the optimal economic operation while cutting the peaks and filling the valleys of the main network to realize the efficient allocation of power resources. Finally, three typical scenarios are used for optimization, and the results show that the proposed energy management strategy can provide savings of 1,413.02, 1,026.94 and 929.19 yuan per day under the three scenarios analyzed, respectively, which verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the model. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted.
Enabling machine learning‐based side‐chaining for improving QoS in blockchain‐powered IoT networks
Authors: Vairagade Rupali Sachin , S. H. Brahmananda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProblemThe Internet of Things (IoT) makes developers for integrating various collection of device, saving, and processing a huge amount of data, allowing new services for improving several personal and professional activities. But, the privacy problems occur with a large amount of data produced and therefore the solutions on the basis of blockchain with sidechain technology have been developed to overcome these problems.AimBlockchain powered IoT networks have high security levels, and are resilient to most network attacks. In order to deploy blockchains, a large set of hashing, encryption, and linking algorithms are implemented in the network. One of the recent developments is the sidechains and these sidechains reduce computational complexity during block creation, and thereby reduce the effect of high delay and high‐power consumption in the IoT network. But maintaining these sidechains requires an additional computational component, which adds to the computational complexity of the underlying system. To reduce the complexity of this maintenance while keeping the inherent advantages of side chaining networks, this article proposes a sidechain creation, updation, merging, and scanning processes.MethodsIn this article, the sidechain creation is done by modified two‐way peg protocol and updated by hybrid delegated practical byzantine fault tolerance‐delegated proof of stake (DPBFT‐DPOS), merging via continuous network information analysis and scanning via graph‐based searching mechanism to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) network and security.ResultsThe proposed methodology achieves an accuracy and ‐score of about 98.6% and 99.5%, reduces end‐to‐end communication delay by 10% while increasing the energy efficiency by 15%, and improving the throughput by 15% when compared to other existing methods.ConclusionThe IoT provides the possibility of creating real time data and the combination of the IoT with blockchain moves beyond authorization and financial recording. Then the utilization of sidechain provide better communication among devices and better sophistication of the data processing.