bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of Consciousness at Onset of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as Marker of Short Term Outcome
Authors: Chowdhury Rahat Amin , Rahman Md Habibur , Hasan ATM Hashibul , Alam Iftikher , Habib Mansur 
Published: July 2021

Background: Studies assessing the impact of loss of consciousness (LOC) on prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been limited.
Objective: This scientific assessment was done to determine the effect of LOC on outcome of SAH.
Methodology: This hospital based observational study was done in Department of Neurology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to December 2018. Patients with the diagnosis of SAH admitted in the in-patient wards of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Internal Medicine were taken as study population. The patients were divided in two groups with either presence (B) or absence of loss of consciousness (A). Group B was further subdivided into 3 subgroup depending admission WFNS scale grades (BI= WFNS II &III, BII=WFNS IV and BIII=WFNS V). Follow up was done in the stroke clinic, outpatient department of Neurology or by telephone interviews of patients, caregivers or family members. Outcome was measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS).
Result: A total of 75 patients were divided into group A and Group B. Six (8.0%) patients died during hospital stay, 6 died after 3 months. All those died during hospital stay were from group B. At 3 months, 16(21.3%) patients were lost during follow up. In group A at discharge 28.6% patients had poor outcome whereas 36% of patients in group B had poor outcome. Within group B most of the patients having poor outcome were in subgroup BIII (75.0%) compared to 33.0% cases in BI (p=0.023). About 16.7% cases in group A had poor outcome at 3 months and 75.0% cases in Group BIII. Furthermore, 8.3% patients died in Group A, however, 25.0% died in Group BIII. WFNS grade (IV or V) had statistically significant influence on poor outcome among patients having LOC (adjusted Odds ratio is 2.20, p=0.04 and 95% CI 1.03–4.71).
Conclusion: Loss of consciousness at onset of SAH is an important marker for p oor outcome.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 20-24
Factors Influencing the Surgical Outcomes of Extradural Haematoma
Authors: Salam Md Abdus , Uddin Kalim , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Khan Amir Mohammad , Hoque Md Ashraful , Islam Md Rafiqul , Islam Md Sirajul , Mukharjee Sudipto Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Background: Extradural Haematoma can occur in different reasons.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the factors influencing the surgical outcomes of extradural haematoma.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2010 to June 2011 for a period of one year and six months. All patients presented with traumatic head injury having extradural haematoma in any age with both sexes who were underwent surgical or conservative management were selected as study population. The etiologies of head injuries were recorded.
Result: Eighty (80) patients of traumatic head injury within and after 24 hours of head injury were enrolled in this study. In this study road traffic accident was the most common mode of injury which was 51(63.8%) cases followed by fall from height and assault which were 16(20.0%) cases and 13(16.2) cases respectively. Majority patients were recovered in good condition either surgery or conservative management which was 50(62.5%) cases. However, the moderate disability was reported in 17(21.2%) cases. Severe disability was found in 8(10.0%) cases. Persistent vegetative state was found in only 2 cases in conservative treatment. Death was found in 3(3.8%) cases.
Conclusion: In conclusion road traffic accident is the most common mode of injury among the study population that causes extra dura haematoma which has the role as factors that influence the outcomes of the patients.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 65-68
Predictive Analysis on Employee Performance
Authors: Tendean S.L. , Mashudi M.R. , Budiarto E. 
Published: July 2021

Human resources management have key roles during running some business. Some good invesment in this human resources managements gives some benefit for company to gain more income. Hiring good employee and build some good organization inside company are needed to achieve good running business. The objective in this research is to determine some parameters from some performance record in X company that have key roles for human resources management to give some good hiring affecting business income. The Data that used got from the X company from 2014-2018 with around 14 parameters and 10 human performance record parameters.From this needs, this research describe some models such as multiple regression and random forest as validation focusing on analyzing the human performance record correlated to the revenue data set in PT X Company. As conclusion, this research concluded 3 parameters in human performance record that very important to determine good running business
ANALISIS HOTS PADA SOAL PENILAIAN TENGAH SEMESTER DALAM MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL DI KELAS IV
Authors: Dikdas Hastuti 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKAlasan dilakukannya penelitian ini, dikarenakan masih kurangnya kemampuan guru dalam menyusun soal Hots dan adanya faktor yang menjadi penghambat guru didalam menyusun soal PTS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh temuan, yakni ditemukan 31 butir soal yang tidak memenuhi kriteria pengembangan Hots (High Order Thinking Skills), dimana dari hasil analisis level kognitif untuk menentukan Keterampilan berpikir kritis murid namun 31 butir soal tersebut terdapat 0% (Hots) dan 100% (Lots) dimana soal tersebut tidak dapat mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis murid yang menyebabkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun soal Hots (High Order Thinking Skills) masuk pada kategori sangat kurang dan perlu bimbingan.
The Effect of Lockdown and Physical Activity on Glycemic Control in Italian Children and Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Minuto Nicola , Bassi Marta , Montobbio Carolina , Vinci Francesco , Mercuri Claudia , Perri Francesca Nastasia , Cabri Mara , Calevo Maria Grazia , d’Annunzio Giuseppe , Maghnie Mohamad 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of the lockdown established by the Italian government to limit the spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on glycemic control in a large sample of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) based on age, type of insulin therapy, number of telemedicine visits and physical activity.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated glycemic control in young T1D patients using the DexcomG6® system before the Italian lockdown (February 10–23, 2020—Time 0) and during lockdown (April 17–30, 2020—Time 1). Data on age, type of insulin therapy, number of telemedicine visits and physical activity of 202 patients with T1D and a median age of 18.2 years (range: 6–39) were collected.ResultsData showed a significant improvement of TIR from 54.58% at T0 to 59.09% at T1 (p ≤0.0001). Glycemic control improved significantly in patients ≥14 years old, showing the best outcome in the “university students and young adults” group (55.40% at T0 and 61.37% at T1, p ≤0.001). All patients reduced physical activity during lockdown; in the 56 patients of “intense physical activity” group both at T0 and T1 TIR increased from ±56.91 to 64.11% (p ≤0.0001).ConclusionsOverall, the lockdown led to an unexpected improvement in glycemic control of young patients with T1D. A healthier and stressless lifestyle changes in association with the maintenance of physical activity resulted in a significant age-proportional improvement in glycemic control.
Short-Term Temporal Dynamics of VOC Emissions by Soil Systems in Different Biotopes
Authors: Monard Cécile , Caudal Jean-Pierre , Cluzeau Daniel , Le Garrec Jean-Luc , Hellequin Eve , Hoeffner Kevin , Humbert Guillaume , Jung Vincent , Le Lann Cécile , Nicolai Annegret 
Published: July 2021

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by plants and microorganisms and have significant impacts on atmospheric chemistry. Soil systems are sources of VOCs driven by abiotic and biotic factors. We investigated the emissions of VOCs by soils and their plant cover from three contrasted biotopes: meadow, heathland and oak forest, during 24-h in summer. We hypothesized that the spatial and temporal dynamics of VOC fluxes are reflected in soil properties, soil microbial communities, vegetation covers, and litter composition that differed in the three biotopes VOC fluxes were measured after direct on-field sampling at four sampling times (two at night and two at day) using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, and results were linked to some climatic, edaphic and biotic parameters simultaneously monitored in each biotope. While differences in the composition of the soil bacterial communities, in the richness of the plant cover and in some soil physicochemical properties between the three biotopes were observed, the total VOC fluxes from the soil to the atmosphere did not present spatial patterns. However, differences in the mass composition of the VOC spectra were detected; for example, the soil from the forest that was covered with oak leaf litter had specific bacterial communities and emitted distinct VOC spectra than the two other biotopes. The total VOC fluxes responded to rainfall and were significantly driven by soil temperature. While we observed changes in the structure of soil bacterial communities between day and night in all biotopes using fingerprinting analysis, a diurnal dynamic of VOC fluxes was only observed in the forest biotope where the soil was protected from rainfall due to the canopy. This soil presented higher fluxes in day time up to 10.8 µg VOCs h−1 m−2 and lower fluxes in night time down to 3.8 µg VOCs h−1 m−2. Overall, the present study supplies data regarding VOC emissions by soils which are scare compared to plant sources. The results highlighted the complex interconnections existing between abiotic and biotic parameters that could directly or indirectly drive VOC emissions by soil systems.
Human Newborn Monocytes Demonstrate Distinct BCG-Induced Primary and Trained Innate Cytokine Production and Metabolic Activation In Vitro
Authors: Angelidou Asimenia , Diray-Arce Joann , Conti Maria-Giulia , Netea Mihai G. , Blok Bastiaan A. , Liu Mark , Sanchez-Schmitz Guzman , Ozonoff Al , van Haren Simon D. , Levy Ofer 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundNewborns exhibit distinct immune responses and are at high risk of infection. Neonatal immunization with BCG, the live attenuated vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), is associated with broad protection against a range of unrelated pathogens, possibly reflecting vaccine-induced training of innate immune cells (“innate memory”). However, little is known regarding the impact of age on BCG-induced innate responses.ObjectiveEstablish an age-specific human monocyte in vitro training platform to characterize and compare BCG-induced primary and memory cytokine responses and immunometabolic shifts.Design/MethodsHuman neonatal and adult CD33-selected monocytes were stimulated for 24h with RPMI (control) or BCG (Danish strain) in 10% autologous serum, washed and cultured for 5 additional days, prior to re-stimulation with the TLR4 agonist LPS for another 24h. Supernatants were collected at Day 1 (D1) to measure primary innate responses and at Day 7 (D7) to assess memory innate responses by ELISA and multiplex cytokine and chemokine assays. Lactate, a signature metabolite increased during trained immunity, was measured by colorimetric assay.ResultsCytokine production by human monocytes differed significantly by age at D1 (primary, BCG 1:750 and 1:100 vol/vol, p&lt;0.0001) and D7 (innate memory response, BCG 1:100 vol/vol, p&lt;0.05). Compared to RPMI control, newborn monocytes demonstrated greater TNF (1:100, 1:10 vol/vol, p&lt;0.01) and IL-12p40 (1:100 vol/vol, p&lt;0.05) production than adult monocytes (1:100, p&lt;0.05). At D7, while BCG-trained adult monocytes, as previously reported, demonstrated enhanced LPS-induced TNF production, BCG-trained newborn monocytes demonstrated tolerization, as evidenced by significantly diminished subsequent LPS-induced TNF (RPMI vs. BCG 1:10, p &lt;0.01), IL-10 and CCL5 production (p&lt;0.05). With the exception of IL-1RA production by newborn monocytes, BCG-induced monocyte production of D1 cytokines/chemokines was inversely correlated with D7 LPS-induced TNF in both age groups (p&lt;0.0001). Compared to BCG-trained adult monocytes, newborn monocytes demonstrated markedly impaired BCG-induced production of lactate, a metabolite implicated in immune training in adults.ConclusionsBCG-induced human monocyte primary- and memory-innate cytokine responses were age-dependent and accompanied by distinct immunometabolic shifts that impact both glycolysis and training. Our results suggest that immune ontogeny may shape innate responses to live attenuated vaccines, suggesting age-specific approaches to leverage innate training for broad protection against infection.
Effects of Microplastics Exposure on the Acropora sp. Antioxidant, Immunization and Energy Metabolism Enzyme Activities
Authors: Xiao Baohua , Li Dongdong , Liao Baolin , Zheng Huina , Yang Xiaodong , Xie Yongqi , Xie Ziqiang , Li Chengyong 
Published: July 2021

Graphical AbstractThe experiment flow chart of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of P. orientale extracts.
NU9056, a KAT 5 Inhibitor, Treatment Alleviates Brain Dysfunction by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Affecting Gut Microbiota, and Derived Metabolites in LPS-Treated Mice
Authors: Chen Lu , Qing Wenxiang , Yi Zexiong , Lin Guoxin , Peng Qianyi , Zhou Fan 
Published: July 2021

Background: The pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is complicated, while the efficacy of current treatment technologies is poor. Therefore, the discovery of related targets and the development of new drugs are essential.Methods: A mouse model of SAE was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment of microglia was used to build an in vitro model of inflammation. Nine-day survival rates, behavioral testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and ELISA were performed. The expression levels of Occludin, Claudin 5, NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR or Western blot. Caspase-1 P10 (Casp-1 P10) protein expression was detected. 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) were used to analyze the gut microbiota and metabolism. Flow cytometric experiment and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay were performed.Results: NU9056 improved the survival rate of mice and alleviated LPS-induced cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression in vivo. The tight junctions were thickened via NU9056 treatment. Further, the mRNAs and proteins expression levels of Occludin and Claudin 5 were up-regulated by NU9056. NU9056 increased the expression level of DCX. The expression levels of Iba-1, NLRP3, IL-1β, ASC, and Casp-1 P10 were down-regulated by NU9056. The composition of the gut microbiota changed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes data predicted that the effects of NU9056 might be related to apoptosis and tight junction pathways. NU9056 up-regulated the concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. NU9056 significantly reduced LPS-induced apoptosis of microglia, the average fluorescence intensity of ROS, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, while improving cell viability in vitro.Conclusions: NU9056 might effectively alleviate LPS-induced cognitive impairment and emotional disorder in experimental mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. The therapeutic effects may be related to gut microbiota and derived metabolites. NU9056 might be a potential drug of SAE prevention.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of the Accuracy of Various Lymph Node Staging Criteria in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhuang Zixuan , Zhang Yang , Wei Mingtian , Yang Xuyang , Wang Ziqiang 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based lymph node staging remains a significant challenge in the treatment of rectal cancer. Pretreatment evaluation of lymph node metastasis guides the formulation of treatment plans. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI in lymph node staging using various morphological criteria.MethodsA systematic search of the EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane databases was performed. Original articles published between 2000 and January 2021 that used MRI for lymph node staging in rectal cancer were eligible. The included studies were assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. A bivariate random-effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.ResultsThirty-seven studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of preoperative MRI for the lymph node stage were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.77), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.68–0.80), and 7.85 (95% CI, 5.78–10.66), respectively. Criteria for positive mesorectal lymph node metastasis included (A) a short-axis diameter of 5 mm, (B) morphological standard, including an irregular border and mixed-signal intensity within the lymph node, (C) a short-axis diameter of 5 mm with the morphological standard, (D) a short-axis diameter of 8 mm with the morphological standard, and (E) a short-axis diameter of 10 mm with the morphological standard. The pooled sensitivity/specificity for these criteria were 75%/64%, 81%/67%, 74%/79%, 72%/66%, and 62%/91%, respectively. There was no significant difference among the criteria in sensitivity/specificity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve values of the fitted summary ROC indicated a diagnostic accuracy rate of 0.75–0.81.ConclusionMRI scans have minimal accuracy as a reference index for pretreatment staging of various lymph node staging criteria in rectal cancer. Multiple types of evidence should be used in clinical decision-making.
Population Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Methotrexate in Chinese Pediatric Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gao Xuan , Qian Xiao-Wen , Zhu Xiao-Hua , Yu Yi , Miao Hui , Meng Jian-Hua , Jiang Jun-Ye , Wang Hong-Sheng , Zhai Xiao-Wen 
Published: July 2021

High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is widely used in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment regimens. In this study, we aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of HD-MTX in Chinese pediatric patients with ALL for designing personalized dosage regimens. In total, 4,517 MTX serum concentration data for 311 pediatric patients with ALL, aged 0.75–15.2 years and under HD-MTX treatment, were retrospectively collected at a tertiary Children’s Hospital in China. The non-linear mixed-effect model was used to establish the population PK model, using NONMEM software. The potential covariate effects of age, body weight, and biochemical measurements (renal and liver function) on MTX PK disposition were investigated. The model was then evaluated using goodness-of-fit, visual predictive check. MTX PK disposition was described using a three-compartment model reasonable well. Body weight, implemented as a fixed allometric function on all clearance and volume of distribution parameters, showed a substantial improvement in model fit. The final population model demonstrated that the MTX clearance estimate in a typical child with body weight of 19 kg was 6.9 L/h and the central distribution of volume estimate was 20.7 L. The serum creatinine significantly affected the MTX clearance, with a 0.97% decrease in clearance per 1 μmol/L of serum creatinine. Other covariates (e.g., age, sex, bilirubin, albumin, aspartate transaminase, concomitant medication) did not significantly affect PK properties of MTX. The proposed population PK model could describe the MTX concentration data in Chinese pediatric patients with ALL. This population PK model combined with a maximum a posteriori Bayesian approach could be used to estimate individual PK parameters, and optimize personalized MTX therapy in target patients, thus aiming to reduce toxicity and improve treatment outcomes.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers in Venezuela: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Mendoza Millán Daniela Lucía , Carrión-Nessi Fhabián Stevens , Mejía Bernard Mario Daniel , Marcano-Rojas María Victoria , Omaña Ávila Óscar Daniel , Doval Fernández Juan Manuel , Chacón Labrador Fabián Rafael , Quintero Rodríguez Adriana , Gasparini Vega Sebastian , Tami Adriana , Maricuto Andrea L. , Velásquez Viledy L. , Landaeta María Eugenia , Figuera Manuel , Chavero Melynar , Figuera Luisamy , Camejo-Ávila Natasha A. , Forero-Peña David A. 
Published: July 2021

Background: The deterioration of Venezuela's health system in recent years undoubtedly contributes to an increased impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) toward COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic could inform their medical training and improve their preparedness.Methods: A online national cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 26th and May 30th, 2020, to assess KAPs among HCWs in Venezuela.Results: A total of 1,441 HCWs from all 24 regions of the country responded to the survey. The mean age of the HCWs was 44 (SD [standard deviation] 14) years; most were women (66.4%). Most HCWs were specialized doctors (48%), followed by nurses (13%) and resident doctors (12.3%). The majority of HCWs had good knowledge (76.3%), obtained information mainly from scientific literature (85.4%); had negative attitudes (53.6%), felt uncomfortable with their work during the current pandemic (59.8%); and reported appropriate practices (76.9%). However, participation in COVID-19 related training was absent in more than half of the HCWs. Positive attitudes were significantly more frequent in frontline workers than in non-frontline workers (p = 0.001). Bioanalysts, students, and doctors were more likely to have good knowledge; participating in training was a predictor for positive attitudes and older age was an appropriate practice predictor.Conclusions: HCWs, knowledge in Venezuela could be improved by strengthening education and training programs. Strategies should focus on reducing fear and improving attitudes toward the care of COVID-19 patients, as well as the promotion of preventive practices.