bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in granulosa cells by endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to pathology of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kunitomi Chisato , Harada Miyuki , Kusamoto Akari , Azhary Jerilee Mk , Nose Emi , Koike Hiroshi , Xu Zixin , Urata Yoko , Takahashi Nozomi , Wada-Hiraike Osamu , Hirota Yasushi , Koga Kaori , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered the critical role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in various diseases, including obesity and cancer progression, independent of its previously identified role as a receptor for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We previously showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a newly recognized local factor in the follicular microenvironment, is activated in granulosa cells from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a mouse model of the disease. By affecting diverse functions of granulosa cells, ER stress contributes to PCOS pathology. We hypothesized that expression of AHR and activation of its downstream signaling were upregulated by ER stress in granulosa cells, irrespective of the presence of EDCs, thereby promoting PCOS pathogenesis. In this study, we found that AHR, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT), and AHR target gene cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) were upregulated in the granulosa cells of PCOS patients and model mice. We examined CYP1B1 as a representative AHR target gene. AHR and ARNT were upregulated by ER stress in human granulosa-lutein cells (GLCs), resulting in an increase in the expression and activity of CYP1B1. Administration of the AHR antagonist CH223191 to PCOS mice restored estrous cycling and decreased the number of atretic antral follicles, concomitant with downregulation of AHR and CYP1B1 in granulosa cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that AHR activated by ER stress in the follicular microenvironment contributes to PCOS pathology, and that AHR represents a novel therapeutic target for PCOS.
Crocuta crocuta(Carnivora: Hyaenidae)
Authors: Hayssen Virginia , Noonan Paula 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCrocuta crocuta (Erxleben, 1777), the spotted hyena, is a large, widespread, terrestrial carnivore with a female-dominant social system. It ranges from about 17°N to 28°S and lives in diverse habitats from savannas to swamps (but not rain forests) and up to 4,000 m in elevation. As assessed in 2014, C. crocuta is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species version 2016.1.
A native, highly activeTc1/marinertransposon from zebrafish (ZB) offers an efficient genetic manipulation tool for vertebrates
Authors: Shen Dan , Song Chengyi , Miskey Csaba , Chan Shuheng , Guan Zhongxia , Sang Yatong , Wang Yali , Chen Cai , Wang Xiaoyan , Müller Ferenc , Ivics Zoltán , Gao Bo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNew genetic tools and strategies are currently under development to facilitate functional genomics analyses. Here, we describe an active member of the Tc1/mariner transposon superfamily, named ZB, which invaded the zebrafish genome very recently. ZB exhibits high activity in vertebrate cells, in the range of those of the widely used transposons piggyBac (PB), Sleeping Beauty (SB) and Tol2. ZB has a similar structural organization and target site sequence preference to SB, but a different integration profile with respect to genome-wide preference among mammalian functional annotation features. Namely, ZB displays a preference for integration into transcriptional regulatory regions of genes. Accordingly, we demonstrate the utility of ZB for enhancer trapping in zebrafish embryos and in the mouse germline. These results indicate that ZB may be a powerful tool for genetic manipulation in vertebrate model species.
Post-Meroe in Upper Nubia
Authors: El-Tayeb Mahmoud 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUpper Nubia stretches from the Second Cataract upstream to the Gezira region south of Khartoum, including Sinnar-Roseires on the southern Blue Nile and Kosti on the White Nile, a distance of not less than 1,500 km. Close observation of the material culture excavated in this ample territory shows a subdivision of Upper Nubia into three zones after the Meroitic Period, in spite of the broad similarities within this cultural horizon. Aspects of regionalism are based on geographical and natural elements in addition to the variety of mortuary practice and pottery production, which are the main sources of information about the period under study. One of the major problems is the lack of organized comprehensive studies in Upper Nubia. Therefore, still debatable are the conventional theories on the Axumite and Noba invasions, while as demonstrated in this text, there is no tangible evidence for such theories in archaeological material. Still open for discussion is the term “Post-Meroe.”
Iron Production at Meroe
Authors: Humphris Jane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe archaeometallurgical remains evident at the Royal City of Meroe represent some of the most extensive evidence for ancient iron production in Africa. Recently, renewed investigations of these remains have generated a number of new insights into Kushite ferrous technology. The duration of iron production at Meroe is now known to span over one thousand years. Currently available data indicates a particularly intensive level of production during the early periods of Kush, while post-Meroitic iron production has been identified at Meroe and at the nearby site of Hamadab. Throughout the long history of iron production in the area, certain aspects of the technological process appear to have remained relatively constant, notably those associated with the acquisition and use of raw materials (iron ore and charcoal fuel). Other facets of the technological practice appear to have changed over time, for example the manufacture of technical ceramics and the design of the furnaces. Such levels of diachronic consistency and variability within technological practice potentially reflect the evolving social, political, and economic circumstances of Kush. Due to the socio-politically embedded nature of technology, interesting insights into broader Kushite history are becoming accessible through greater understandings of Meroe’s iron production remains.
The A-Group and 4th Millennium BCE Nubia
Authors: Gatto Maria Carmela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses the 4th millennium bce in Nubia, which was characterized by a further advance in the process of socio-economic complexity already underway during the previous Neolithic phase, undoubtedly enhanced by interaction with Predynastic Egypt. This ultimately produced the emergence of the A-Group, an indigenous complex polity that appeared at the end of the millennium and reached its climax about the time of the Egyptian unification, ca. 3100 bce. The A-Group was characterized by a fluid economic pattern that included more than one subsistence activity, with herding retaining a distinctive social value within the society; and by organizational differences resulting from mobile and flexible politics, which gave rise to a regional polity based on trade and control over its logistics, social networking and alliance building, and a distinct form of distributed authority.
Ben Sira
Authors: Wright Benjamin G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Wisdom of Ben Sira is the paradigmatic Wisdom text from the Second Temple period. Its author was a scribe/sage who lived in Jerusalem during the early part of the second century bce. It has a complicated history of transmission, originally written in Hebrew, but the Greek translation is its primary language of transmission. The book provides evidence for one elite Jew’s understanding of how to please God while living under the political domination of foreign powers. Ben Sira’s instruction has the goal of equipping his students to fear the Lord, fulfill the commandments, and acquire wisdom in order to achieve success in such an uncertain world.
Dargwa
Authors: Sumbatova Nina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter is a description of Dargwa based on the data of the Tanti dialect. Dargwa, which is spoken in Central Dagestan, constitutes a separate branch of the Nakh-Dagestanian family. Dargwa is known for its dialectal variation: many researchers believe that it should be treated as a language group. Nouns in Dargwa have the category of gender (in the singular: masculine–feminine–neuter, in the plural: first/second person plural–human–non-human). Nominal forms are derived from two stems, direct and oblique, in both singular and plural. The nominal system includes five to seven forms of non-locative cases and a number of locative (spatial) forms opposed as to localization, orientation, and, in some dialects, direction. Most verbal roots have a perfective and an imperfective form within a single verbal paradigm. The verbal system is also rich with multiple TAM-paradigms and non-finite forms (participles, convers, deverbal nouns). An important syntactic feature of Dargwa is a well-developed system of person agreement with a typologically rare opposition of the second person singular versus first person (singular and plural) + second person plural (the third person is usually unmarked). Like other Nakh-Dagestanian languages, Dargwa is morphologically ergative, left-branching (SOV), with free word order. Clause coordination is relatively rare, most dependent clauses are headed by non-finite verb forms.
Nakh-Dagestanian Languages
Authors: Ganenkov Dmitry , Maisak Timur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe chapter is a survey of the Nakh-Daghestanian family (also known as East Caucasian), one of the indigenous language families spoken in the Caucasus. The family comprises more than 30 languages, some of which are spoken by only a few hundred people and remain unwritten and/or underdescribed. The chapter provides general information about the sociolinguistic status of Nakh-Daghestanian languages and the history of their research as well as their phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon. The languages of the family have rich consonant systems and are morphologically ergative, head-final, with rich case systems, complex verbal paradigms, and pervasive gender-number agreement. Alongside the major transitive and intransitive lexical verb classes, verbs of perception and cognition with the dative experiencer subject usually comprise one or more minor valency classes with non-canonically marked subjects. Among valency-increasing derivations, the causative is the most prominent. The most typical subordination strategies are non-finite, making use of participles, converbs, infinitives and verbal nouns.
Kartvelian (South Caucasian) Languages
Authors: Testelets Yakov G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe chapter contains a description of the small Kartvelian, or South Caucasian, language family spoken in the Western part of Transcaucasia and consisting of four languages of which Georgian is the most known and culturally significant. It outlines the structure of the family and the problem of its further genetic affiliation and contains sociolinguistic information, history of its research, basic characteristics of phonology, including a rich consonantal system with unusual consonant clusters, lexical classes, morphology of nominals and verbs, with special emphasis on complexity of the verb and the syntactically motivated morphological classes and processes like valency-changing derivation (benefactive, causative), structure of noun phrases and the role of case marking, simple clause, word order, anaphora, complex sentence, and the role of the three major grammatical relations: Subject, Direct Object, and Indirect Object that dominate in the morphology and syntax; the areal and typological profile of the Kartvelian languages; and issues for further research.
The Changing Demographics of Humanism
Authors: Trejo Yazmín A. G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
What do we know about the social and demographic characteristics of humanists? This chapter seeks to answer that question by offering a way to measure humanism via data from the 2014 Pew Research Center’s Religious Landscape Study (RLS). In addition to the existence of various types of humanism, findings indicate the presence of gender imbalance in humanist circles and potential for growth in the number of humanists in the United States, as young people are overrepresented. However, this particular cohort also lacks racial and ethnic diversity. It is important to note that, given there is no survey specifically examining humanists, this chapter serves only as a building block for understanding the prevalence of humanism and its demographic characteristics.
Thirteenth-Century Engagements with Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Barnes Corey L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBefore he gained the status of received authority, Thomas Aquinas influenced scholastic thought by shaping conversations around and by establishing approaches to specific topics. Scholastic thinkers engaged in these conversations and with these specific topics in various ways, both directly and indirectly. While the Correctoria controversy reflected direct engagements with Aquinas, whether critical or supportive, the majority of scholastic engagements with Thomas was more indirect. Typical examples can be found in the works of Giles of Rome, Siger of Brabant, Godfrey of Fontaines, and Henry of Ghent. Among other topics, these thinkers engaged with Thomas on the possibility of an eternal world, on the unicity of substantial form, and on the relationship between esse and essentia. Engagements with Aquinas were complicated by Stephen Tempier’s condemnations of 1277, which touched upon some Thomistic positions and more generally reframed scholastic approaches to philosophical speculations with theological bearings.
Late Twentieth-Century Reception of Aquinas in Analytical Philosophy
Authors: Haldane John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWithin two decades of Bertrand Russell writing, ‘There is little of the true philosophic spirit in Aquinas’ (Russell 1945), interest in Thomas’s ideas had begun to develop among philosophers in the ‘analytic’ or ‘analytical’ tradition of which Russell had been one of the founders. The causes of this were several, but prominent were first, a reaction against a strong reductive and scientistic strand in that tradition, viz. ‘logical positivism’; second, the interest taken in Aquinas by Peter Geach following his conversion to Roman Catholicism; and third, the activities of British Dominicans in translating Aquinas’s Summae, and in organizing meetings between lay philosophers and priests and other religious to discuss themes from Aquinas and issues in contemporary secular philosophy. From this beginning, and advanced by the work of Anthony Kenny, interest developed in Britain, Australia, and the United States, and then beyond the Anglophone world.
The Distinctive Unity of the Human Being in Aquinas
Authors: Cory Therese Scarpelli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the fundamental vision of the human being at the core of Aquinas’ anthropology. Aquinas has typically been construed as defending a fundamentally ‘Aristotelian’ vision of the human being. I show that this label has generated a skewed reading of Aquinas. Accordingly, this chapter does not lay claim to identify what it would take for an anthropology to be authentically ‘Thomistic’. Instead, it makes a proposal concerning what I argue is the ‘guiding vision’ of Aquinas’ anthropology: namely the ‘distinctive unity of the human’. Aquinas prioritizes this notion of distinctive unity in the different areas of his anthropology. I explore how this distinctive unity is expressed (a) in Aquinas’ account of the human soul as the ‘horizon’ of the bodily and spiritual worlds, and (b) in his definition of the human being as ‘rational animal’.
Innovating the Public Sector in Australia
Authors: Lewis Jenny M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Innovation has become an increasingly important public policy and public sector reform trend in Australia and in other nations as governments search for new ways to tackle challenging societal problems. Innovation follows on from other reform trends that have been argued about, implemented, and constantly updated (most notably the New Public Management) since the 1970s, but also has distinct attributes. This chapter examines the meaning of public sector innovation and explores how it differs to other approaches to public sector reform. It describes Australian innovation policy at the national level and examines two main varieties of it: innovation as technology, and innovation as culture. Australia’s approach to innovation policy has sometimes focused on individuals (public servants), and at other times on public sector organizations and systems. Innovation labs/units, as one aspect of Australian public sector innovation policy, demonstrate Australia’s general alignment with international trends in this area of public policy.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations for acute coronary syndromes: a multinational study
Authors: Araiza-Garaygordobil D , Montalto C , Martinez-Amezcua P , Cabello-Lopez A , Gopar-Nieto R , Alabrese R , Almaghraby A , Catoya-Villa S , Chacon-Diaz M , Kaufmann C C , Corbi-Pascual M , Deharo P , El-Tahlawi M , Elgohari-Abdelwahab A , Guerra F , Jarakovic M , Martinez-Gomez E , Moderato L , Montero S , Morejon-Barragan P , Omar A M , Jorge-Pérez P , Przybyło P , Selim E , Sinan U Y , Stratinaki M , Tica O , Trêpa M , Uribarri A , Uzokov J , Wilk K , Czerwińska-Jelonkiewicz K , Sionis A , Gierlotka M , Leonardi S , Krychtiuk K A , Tavazzi G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has challenged the health system organization requiring a fast reorganization of diagnostic/therapeutic pathways for patients affected by time-dependent diseases such as acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Aim
To describe ACS hospitalizations, management, and complication rate before and after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared.

Design
Ecological retrospective study. Methods: We analyzed aggregated epidemiological data of all patients &gt; 18 years old admitted for ACS in twenty-nine hub cardiac centers from 17 Countries across 4 continents, from December 1st, 2019 to April 15th, 2020. Data from December 2018 to April 2019 were used as historical period.

Results
A significant overall trend for reduction in the weekly number of ACS hospitalizations was observed (20.2%; 95% confidence interval CI [1.6, 35.4] P = 0.04). The incidence rate reached a 54% reduction during the second week of April (incidence rate ratio: 0.46, 95% CI [0.36, 0.58]) and was also significant when compared to the same months in 2019 (March and April, respectively IRR: 0.56, 95%CI [0.48, 0.67]; IRR: 0.43, 95%CI [0.32, 0.58] p &lt; 0.001). A significant increase in door-to-balloon, door-to-needle, and total ischemic time (p &lt;0.04 for all) in STEMI patents were reported during pandemic period. Finally, the proportion of patients with mechanical complications was higher (1.98% vs. 0.98%; P = 0.006) whereas GRACE risk score was not different.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant decrease in ACS hospitalizations rate, an increase in total ischemic time and a higher rate of mechanical complications on a international scale.
CDS Momentum: Slow-Moving Credit Ratings and Cross-Market Spillovers
Authors: Lee Jongsub , Naranjo Andy , Sirmans Stace 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper highlights the adverse consequences of sluggish credit rating updates in creating information efficiency distortions and investment anomalies. We first document significant credit default swap (CDS) return momentum yielding 7.1% per year. We further show that cross-market momentum strategies based on information in past CDS performance generates an alpha of 10.3% per year in stocks and 7.3% per year in bonds. These CDS momentum and cross-market effects are stronger among more liquid, informationally rich CDS contracts whose CDS spreads move in anticipation of important, yet slow-moving, credit rating changes. (JEL G12, G14)
Received February 19, 2020; editorial decision July 10, 2020 by Editor Jeffrey Pontiff. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Probiotics for preventing recurrent bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Webb Lauren 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Multiple studies have shown that oral or vaginal probiotics can effectively treat and prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis. The dose, route, and treatment protocols vary greatly between studies, but many have shown a statistically significant reduction in the rate of recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Further research is needed to determine the adequate dose, specific probiotic, optimal duration, and route of administration, with or without antibiotics.
Developing Academic Leadership From a Distance: A Health Professions Education Practicum Course
Authors: Samuel Anita , Durning Steven J. , Larsen Kelsey L. 
Published: January 2021

Problem
Leadership skills are fundamental to the successful practice of health professions education (HPE), but HPE degree programs struggle with providing meaningful leadership instruction from a distance.

Approach
The leaders of the HPE program at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences developed a practicum course to give learners guided experiences in their daily leadership roles and responsibilities from a distance. The ongoing practicum course, started in fall 2018 and broadly framed by the principles of deliberate practice and self-directed learning, involves a 6-step process where learners: (1) identify leadership competency/ies to develop, (2) identify roles and responsibilities in their own work settings that involve elements of leadership, (3) develop a learning agreement that identifies personal leadership goals for the practicum activity, (4) are assigned expert preceptors by practicum directors, (5) initiate regular meetings with their preceptors to receive feedback and expert advice, and (6) end the practicum activity with a debriefing reflection between themselves and their preceptors. Practicum activity timelines are flexible and preceptors work with learners through the lifespan of the project. Learners can participate in multiple practicum activities as they improve different leadership competencies.

Outcomes
Since fall 2018, 36 learners have participated in 83 practicum activities, 45 (54%) of which have been completed. The practicum activities show that leadership competencies are most often embedded within other activities and are unique to every situation. Reflecting on practice, collaborating in teams, and negotiating and resolving conflict are the most commonly identified leadership competencies learners want to improve. Feedback on the practicum from learners has been positive.

Next Steps
This practicum course provides a model that can be applied in various organizational contexts. In the future, the authors plan to collect data from both learners and preceptors about their experiences and solicit feedback from learners’ employers and supervisors.