bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and Robust Scheme for Uncertainty Quantification in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: de Hoop Stephan , Voskov Denis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to perform Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) using a detailed representation of fractured reservoirs. This is achieved by creating a simplified representation of the fracture network while preserving the main characteristics of the high-fidelity model. We include information at different scales in the UQ workflow which allows for a large reduction in the computational time while converging to the high-fidelity full ensemble statistics.
Ultimately, it allows us to make accurate predictions on geothermal energy production in highly heterogeneous fractured porous media. The numerical reservoir simulation tool we use in this work is the Delft Advanced Research Terra Simulator (DARTS). It is based on Finite Volume approximation in space, fully coupled explicit approximation in time, and uses the novel linearization technique called Operator-Based Linearization (OBL) for the system of discretized nonlinear governing equations. We use a fracture network generation algorithm that uses distributions for length, angles, size of fracture sets, and connectivity as its main input. This allows us to generate a large number of complex fracture networks at the reservoir scale. We developed a pre-processing algorithm to simplify the fracture network and use graph theory to analyze the connectivity before and after pre-processing. Furthermore, we use metric space modeling methods for statistical analysis.
A robust coarsening method for the Discrete Fracture Matrix model (DFM) is developed which allows for great control over the degree of simplification of the network’s topology and connectivity. We apply the framework to modeling of geothermal energy extraction. The pre-processing algorithm allows for a hierarchical representation of the fracture network, which in turn is utilized in the reduced UQ methodology. The reduced UQ workflow uses the coarser representation of the fracture networks to partition/rank the high-fidelity parameter space. Then a small subset of high-fidelity models is chosen to represent the full ensemble statistics. Hereby, the computational time of the UQ is reduced by two/three orders of magnitude, while converging to similar statistics as the high-fidelity full ensemble statistics.
The methods developed in this study are part of a larger project on a prediction of energy production from carboniferous carbonates. The final goal is to perform UQ in pre-salt reservoirs which are characterized by complex reservoir architecture (i.e., large karstification and fracture networks). The UQ of fractured reservoirs is typically done in the petroleum industry using effective media models. We present a methodology that can efficiently handle a large ensemble of DFM models, which represent complex fracture networks and allow for making decisions under uncertainty using more detailed high-resolution numerical models.
Temporal Contact Graph Reveals The Evolving Epidemic Situation of COVID-19
Authors: Wu Mincheng , Li Chao , Shen Zhangchong , He Shibo , Tang Lingling , Zheng Jie , Fang Yi , Li Kehan , Cheng Yanggang , Shi Zhiguo , Sheng Guoping , Liu Yu , Zhu Jinxing , Ye Xinjiang , Chen Jinlai , Chen Wenrong , Li Lanjuan , Sun Youxian , Chen Jiming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Digital contact tracing has been recently advocated by China and many countries as part of digital prevention measures on COVID-19. Controversies have been raised about their effectiveness in practice as it remains open how they can be fully utilized to control COVID-19. In this article, we show that an abundance of information can be extracted from digital contact tracing for COVID-19 prevention and control. Specifically, we construct a temporal contact graph that quantifies the daily contacts between infectious and susceptible individuals by exploiting a large volume of location-related data contributed by 10,527,737 smartphone users in Wuhan, China. The temporal contact graph reveals five time-varying indicators can accurately capture actual contact trends at population level, demonstrating that travel restrictions (e.g., city lockdown) in Wuhan played an important role in containing COVID-19. We reveal a strong correlation between the contacts level and the epidemic size, and estimate several significant epidemiological parameters (e.g., serial interval). We also show that user participation rate exerts higher influence on situation evaluation than user upload rate does. At individual level, however, the temporal contact graph plays a limited role, since the behavior distinction between the infected and uninfected contacted individuals are not substantial. The revealed results can tell the effectiveness of digital contact tracing against COVID-19, providing guidelines for governments to implement interventions using information technology.
Using bats as surrogates to effectively target global hotspots for subterranean conservation and monitoring
Authors: Tanalgo Krizler C. , Oliveira Hernani , Hughes Alice C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Research and media attention is disproportionately focused on taxa and ecosystems perceived as charismatic, while other systems with high levels of endemism, are often under-protected and overlooked such as caves and subterranean ecosystems. Yet these more challenging systems are also threatened, with karsts for example losing around 6% of their area each year, highlighting the urgent need for protection, especially as up to 90% of cave endemic species may be undescribed. Bats are keystone to cave ecosystems making them potential surrogates to understand cave diversity patterns and assay conservation priorities. Almost half (48%) of known bat species use caves for parts of their life histories, with 32% endemic to a single country, and 15% currently threatened. We combine global analysis of cave bats from the IUCN with site specific analysis of 1930 bat caves from 46 countries to develop global priorities for the conservation of the most vulnerable cave ecosystems. Globally, 28% of caves showed high diversity and were highly threatened and 4% had high diversity but not currently threatened. Amongst regions, the highest concentration of conservation priority caves were in the Palearctic, and tropical regions except the Afrotropics, which requires more intensive data sampling. Our results further highlight the importance of prioritising bat caves using locally collected data, and parameter selection is optimised (i.e., appropriate landscape features and threats). Finally, to protect and conserve these ecosystems it is crucial that we identify priorities in species and habitat-level, and map vulnerable habitats with the highest biodiversity and distinctiveness.
Radiation Therapy After Radical Prostatectomy is Associated With Higher Other-Cause Mortality
Authors: Würnschimmel Christoph , Wenzel Mike , Chierigo Francesco , Flammia Rocco Simone , Horlemann Benedikt , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Sharokh F. , Gallucci Michele , Suardi Nazareno , Chun Felix K.H. , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PURPOSE:To test the association between external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) vs RP only on rates of other-cause mortality (OCM) in men with prostate cancer (PCa).PATIENTS AND METHODS:Within the 2004-2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, we identified 181,849 localized PCa patients, of whom 168,041 received RP only vs 13,808 who received RP+EBRT. Cumulative incidence plots displayed OCM between RP vs RP+EBRT after propensity score matching for age, PSA, clinical T and N stages, and biopsy Gleason scores. Multivariable competing risks regression models addressed OCM, after adjustment for cancer-specific mortality (CSM). Stratifications were made according to low- vs intermediate- vs high-risk groups and additionally according to age groups of ≤60, 61-70 and ≥71 years, within each risk group.RESULTS:In low-, intermediate- and high-risk patients, RP+EBRT rates were 2.7, 5.4 and 17.0% respectively. After matching, ten-year OCM rates between RP and RP+EBRT were 7.7 vs 16.2% in low-, 9.4 vs 13.6% in intermediate- and 11.4 vs 13.5% in high-risk patients (all p<0.001), which respectively resulted in multivariable HR of 2.1, 1.3 and 1.2 (all p<0.001). In subgroup analyses, excess OCM was recorded in low-risk RP+EBRT patients of all age groups (all p≤0.03), but only in the older age group in intermediate-risk patients (61-70 years, p=0.03) and finally, only in the oldest age group in high-risk patients (≥71 years, p=0.02).CONCLUSIONS:Excess OCM was recorded in patients exposed to RT after RP. Its extent was most pronounced in low-risk patients, decreased in intermediate-risk patients and was lowest in high-risk patients.
The Need for a Broad Differential: Intramedullary Neurosarcoidosis Case Report
Authors: Luy Diego Dereck , Tonetti Daniel , Gerszten Peter Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSarcoidosis, an idiopathic multisystem inflammatory disorder, involves the nervous system in as few as 5-15% of cases. We aim to detail how a rare case of intramedullary neurosarcoidosis spinal-cord lesion, present in less than 1% of sarcoidosis cases, presented with features mimicking a neoplasm. MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed to obtain pertinent details regarding history and examination, pathological findings, and treatment course.Case PresentationWe report a case of intramedullary sarcoidosis involving the cervical and thoracic spinal cord with syringomyelia, which presented as subacute neck pain, intermittent leg paresthesias, and difficult micturition. Historically, a spinal syrinx with concern for neoplasm has led surgeons to decompress the spinal cord for certain enhancing intramedullary lesions, which is unnecessary for neurosarcoidosis. Immunosuppressant treatment resulted in symptomatic resolution without the need for spinal cord biopsy or syrinx decompression in this case.Conclusions Expansile contrast-enhancing intramedullary lesions, most commonly neoplastic, may instead be non-neoplastic etiologies mimicking neoplastic features; therefore, it is the responsibility of any surgeon to maintain a broad differential diagnosis in the absence of a confirmed pathology.
Bilateral Giant Hydronephrosis Secondary to Ureteropelvic Junction Stricture: a Case Report
Authors: Senel Samet , Kizilkan Yalcin , Toksoz Serdar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Giant hydronephrosis, which implies a collecting system containing more than one liter of fluid, is becoming increasingly rare with the widespread availability of imaging facilities. We aimed to report a case and management of bilateral giant hydronephrosis due to bilateral ureteropelvis stenosis.Case presentation: A 45-year old male presented at the Emergency Department with the complaint of difficulty passing stools. On computed tomography (CT), bilateral giant hydronephrosis was determined covering the whole abdomen. After bilateral nephrostomy, 8 liters of urine was drained from the right kidney and 10 liters of urine from the left kidney after bilateral nephrostomy in the patient whose serum creatinine level was 1.06 mg/dl at the time of admission. Bilateral pyeloplasty was applied to the patient who was diagnosed with bilateral ureteropelvis stenosis after dynamic renal scintigraphy. After 4 years of follow-up, serum creatinine level was 1.3 mg / dl. Hydronephrosis was still present despite being smaller than its previous condition and the presence of bilateral double J stents.Conclusions: An interesting finding of the current case was that the creatinine level might be normal despite the fact that bilateral giant hydronephrosis. So rather than nephrectomy, pyeloplasty was applied and to date there has been no need for hemodialysis.
Breaking Bad or Good: A Case Report and Literature Review of Acute Reversible Methamphetamine Associated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Agarwal Kriti , Chidharla Anusha , Aedma Surya Kiran , Al-Awwa Ahmad , Patel Urvish K. , Elias Sameh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Methamphetamine use has been rising globally and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Methamphetamine is well known to affect multiple organs including neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal. Cardiovascular manifestations like arrhythmias, pulmonary artery hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac arrest can occur from increased inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and electrical remodeling. Case Presentation: We present a rare case of a 39-year-old man with chronic methamphetamine abuse presenting with worsening shortness of breath and palpitations. Patient was eventually found to have acute onset left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction 25-30%) from methamphetamine associated cardiomyopathy. He had a prolonged hospital course, however, a repeat echocardiogram performed 2 weeks later demonstrated near normal left ventricular function (ejection fraction 50-55%). Conclusions: This case emphasizes the temporal effects of drug overdose on the cardiovascular system and its life-threatening complications. It is aimed at raising awareness about consideration of methamphetamine abuse as an important etiological factor when evaluating patients presenting with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and the importance of cessation of drug usage leading to reversal of cardiomyopathy.
Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Slow Transit Constipation and the Relative Mechanisms Based On the Protein Digestion and Absorption Pathway
Authors: Xie Lulu , Xu Chen , Fan Yadong , Li Yuwei , Wang Ying , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yu Shuang , Wang Jida , Chai Rundong , Zhao Zeyu , Jin Yutong , Xu Zhe , Zhao Shuwu , Bian Yuhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered an effective treatment for slow transit constipation (STC); nevertheless, the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: In this study, eight patients with STC were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria; they then received three treatments of FMT. The feces and serum of STC patients were collected after each treatment and analyzed by integrating 16s rRNA microbiome and metabolomic analyses. Results: The results showed that the percentage of clinical improvement reached 62.5% and the rates of patients’ clinical remission achieved 75% after the third treatment. At the same time, FMT improved the Wexner constipation scale (WCS), the Gastrointestinal Quality-of-Life Index (GIQLI) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Fecal microbiome alpha diversity and beta diversity altered significantly after FMT. Analysis of the 16s rRNA microbiome showed that the numbers of Bacteroidetes (Prevotell/Bacteroides) and Firmicute (Roseburia/Blautia) decreased, whereas Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium), Proteobacteria (Escherichia), and Firmicute (Lactobacillus) increased after FMT. The metabolomics analyses showed that the stool of FMT-treated patients were characterized by relatively high levels of N-Acetyl-L-glutamate, gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-glutamic acid, Glycerophosphocholine, et al, after FMT. Meanwhile, the serum of treated patients was characterized by relatively high levels of L-Arginine, L-Threonine, Ser-Arg, Indoleacrylic acid, Phe-Tyr, 5-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine, and lower levels of Erucamide after the treatment. The correlation analysis between the metabolites and gut microbiota showed a significant correlation. For example, L‐Arginine was positively correlated with lactobacillus, et al. L-Threonine was positively correlated with Anaerovibrio, Sediminibacterium but negatively correlated with Phascolarctobacterium. Erucamide had significant negative correlations with Sediminibacterium and Sharpea, while being positively correlated with Phascolarctobacterium. Enriched KEGG pathways analysis demonstrated that the protein digestion and absorption pathways gradually upregulated with the increase of FMT frequency. The L‐Arginine and L-Threonine were also involved in the pathway. A large amount of Na+ was absorbed in the pathway, so that it might increase mucus secretion and electrical excitability of GI smooth muscle. Conclusions: Therefore, we speculated that FMT changed the patients’ gut microbiota and metabolites involved in the protein digestion and absorption pathways, thereby improving the symptoms of STC.Study on the effectiveness and safety of FMT in the treatment of STC. The study was reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Tianjin People's Hospital (ChiCTR2000033227) in 2020.
Performance Analysis of Large Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Moderate MIMO for 5G Communication
Authors: Mekonnen Fitsum Dessalegn , Tulu Muluneh Mekonnen , Feisso Sultan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The recently completed 5G framework is the outcome of a few advanced technologies. Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), millimeter wave communication, and network densification are examples of these technologies. However, there are two disadvantages to this technology.1) the lack of control over the wireless channel, and 2) the wireless interface’s excessive power consumption. The concept of re-configurable Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces has emerged to answer the need for green and cost-effective future cellular networks. In this study, we’ll look at how using an Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) improve the performance of moderate MIMO communication in terms of the rate, SINR, Energy efficiency and transmit power metrics. Despite the fact that the underlying issue is non-convexity, we use Lagrangian dual transform and Quadratic Transform to change and rearrange the original issue. After that, active and passive beam forming improved alternatively using an alternating Direction method of multiplier algorithm (ADMM.The IRS-aided system with a reasonable number of antennas at the access point (AP) outperforms the massive MIMO without IRS in terms of sum rate, SINR, Energy efficiency and transmit power metrics.
A Monoclinic Semiorganic Molecular Crystal GUHP for Terahertz Photonics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Sinko Anton , Solyankin Peter , Kargovsky Aleksey , Manomenova Vera , Rudneva Elena , Kozlova Natalia , Sorokina Natalia , Minakov Fedor , Kuznetsov Sergey , Nikolaev Nazar , Surovtsev Nikolay , Ozheredov Ilya , Voloshin Alexey , Shkurinov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper we describe the properties of the crystal of guanylurea hydrogen phosphate (NH2)2CNHCO(NH2)H2PO3 (GUHP) and propose its application in terahertz photonics and optoelectronics. GUHP crystal has a wide window of transparency and a high optical threshold in the visible and IR spectral regions and narrow absorption bands in the terahertz frequency range. The possibility of application of the crystal under study for the conversion of femtosecond laser radiation from visible an IR to terahertz range was demonstrated. It was shown that dispersion properties of the crystal allow the generation of narrow band terahertz radiation, whose spectral properties are determined by conditions close to phase matching. The properties of the generated terahertz radiation under various temperatures suggest the possibility of phonon mechanism of enhancement for nonlinear susceptibility of the second order.
Characteristics of Soil Aggregates and Its Organic Carbon in Daxing'anling Forest Region
Authors: Wang Bing , Gong Zhiqi , Zhang Qiuliang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The distribution and spatial variability of soil aggregates and their organic carbon and their responses to environmental factors in Daxing'anling forest region were studied by field investigation and laboratory analysis. In Daxing'anling forest region, 75 sampling points were set up based on kilometer grid, and the sample circle with radius of 17.85m was set at each sampling point. In each circle, three samples of 0-20 cm topsoil were taken to determine soil chemical indexes, soil aggregates and their organic carbon content. The results showed that: (1) the soil aggregate content followed the order as (0.25~2 mm aggregate) > (<0.053 mm aggregate) > (0.053~0.25 mm aggregate). The spatial autocorrelation of each fraction of aggregate were moderate, and they were affected by the structural factors such as climate, vegetation, soil and random factors such as human activities. The content of 0.25~2 mm and <0.053 mm aggregates decreased gradually from north to south, while the content of 0.053~0.25 mm aggregates was opposite to them. (2) The organic carbon content of soil aggregates was mainly concentrated in the 0.25~2 mm large aggregates (19.84 g/kg) with the contribution rate 50.39%; the organic carbon contents of each fraction of aggregate showed high spatial autocorrelation which was mainly affected by structural factors; the spatial difference of soil aggregate content in each particle size was not significant, and the distribution was patchy. There was no significant spatial difference in the organic carbon contents of soil aggregate in different fractions with patch distribution characteristics. (3) Temperature had no significant effect on the formation and stability of soil aggregates, and precipitation is beneficial to the formation of micro-aggregates <0.053 mm; soil organic carbon was conducive to the cementation of small-sized aggregates into large aggregates, which had a positive effect on the stability of soil aggregates. There was a significant positive correlation between SOC and organic carbon of soil aggregates in different fractions, and the correlation degree was gradually weakened with the decrease of particle size; the contents of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients could promote the organic carbon accumulation in soil aggregates. The results can provide the basis for the soil rational use and the carbon fixation capacity improvement of forest in Daxing'anling forest region.
Do Investors Penalize the Firms Disclosing Higher Environmental Performance? A Cross Cultural Evidence
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Azeem , Ahsan Tanveer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Climate change discourse integrates 3Ps – People, Planet, and Profit. However, we do not find any empirical study that integrates 3Ps. Therefore, using a large global panel dataset from 46 countries this study intends to fill this gap by providing empirical evidence about investors’ value proposition of corporate climate performance in different cultural environments. The results show that Hofstede’s cultural dimensions affect corporate climate performance and its market pricing. We find that in cultures with high power distance, low individualism, high masculinity, high uncertainty avoidance, high long-term orientation, and high restraint, the investors generally penalize the firms disclosing higher environmental performance. Strangely enough, corporate waste production is universally value irrelevant. Our results indicate some policy implications.