bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Technology-enhanced learning“ in Anästhesiologie und Notfallmedizin
Authors: Bergmans Elonka , Metelmann Camilla , Metelmann Bibiana , Rübsam Marie-Luise , von Au Felix , Thies Karl-Christian 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19 Pandemie stellt die medizinischen Fakultäten vor beispiellose Herausforderungen. Kontaktbeschränkung als wirksamstes Mittel der Infektionsprävention macht den traditionellen Präsenzunterricht nahezu unmöglich. Daher sind neue Lehrmethoden erforderlich, um das Infektionsrisiko einzudämmen und gleichzeitig hochwertigen Unterricht zu gewährleisten.

Fragestellung
Um den Bedarf an Präsenzunterricht zu reduzieren, wurde unter Anwendung von Open-Source-Software im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts eine multimediale, virtuelle Lernumgebung für das Fach „Anästhesiologie und Notfallmedizin“ entwickelt und deren Akzeptanz bei Studierenden untersucht. Gleichzeitig beantworten wir die Frage, ob diese Technologie eine taugliche Alternative zum klassischen Präsenzunterricht darstellt.

Material und Methoden
Wir haben mit dem Lernmanagementsystem „Moodle“ eine multimediale eLearning-Plattform entsprechend dem Lehrplan „Anästhesiologie und Notfallmedizin“ für das 2. klinische Studienjahr geschaffen. Es wurde eine anonymisierte Nachkursbefragung mit Multiple-Choice- und Freitextfragen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
85,4 % der 157 Teilnehmer bewerteten den Kurs als „sehr gut“, 12,1 % als „gut“ und 1,9 % als „o.k.“. Niedrigere Bewertungen wurden nicht gegeben. 54,8 % bewerteten den Kursinhalt als „sehr relevant“, 43,3 % als „relevant“ und 1,9 % als „neutral“. 94,3 % waren der Ansicht, dass „mehr vergleichbare Online-Kurse angeboten werden sollten“. Die Freitextantworten zeigten, dass Barrierefreiheit und multimediales, selbstgesteuertes Lernen sehr geschätzt wurden. Es wurde jedoch auch angemerkt, dass die praktische Ausbildung nicht durch eLearning ersetzt werden kann.

Diskussion
„Technology enhanced learning“ wurde von unseren Studierenden sehr gut angenommen und als gute Alternative zum Präsenzunterricht bewertet. Für das Erlernen praktischer Fertigkeiten bleibt der Präsenzunterricht jedoch unverzichtbar.
Characterisation of trocar associated gas leaks during laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Robertson Daniel , Sterke Frank , van Weteringen Willem , Arezzo Alberto , Mintz Yoav , Nickel Felix ,   the Technology committee of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES), Boni Luigi , Baldari Ludovica , Carus Thomas , Chand Manish , Fuchs Hans , Ficuciello Fanny , Marconi Stefania , Mylonas George , Kim Young Woo , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Schijven Marlies , Valdastri Pietro , Sagiv Chen , Mascagni Pietro , Myśliwiec Piotr , Petz Wanda , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco , Horeman Tim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
During laparoscopy, the abdominal cavity is insufflated with carbon dioxide (CO2) that could become contaminated with viruses and surgical smoke. Medical staff is potentially exposed when this gas leaks into the operating room through the instruments and past trocar valves. No detailed studies currently exist that have quantified these leakage pathways. Therefore, the goal of this study was to quantify the gas leakages through trocars and instruments, during minimally invasive procedures.

Methods
A model of the surgical environment was created, consisting of a rigid container with an interface for airtight clamping of laparoscopic equipment such as trocars and surgical instruments. The model was insufflated to 15 mm Hg using a pressure generator and a pneumotachograph measured the equipment gas leak. A protocol of several use cases was designed to simulate the motions and forces the surgeon exerts on the trocar during surgery.

Results
Twenty-three individual trocars and twenty-six laparoscopic instruments were measured for leakage under the different conditions of the protocol. Trocar leakages varied between 0 L/min and more than 30 L/min, the instruments revealed a range of leakages between 0 L/min and 5.5 L/min. The results showed that leakage performance varied widely between trocars and instruments and that the performance and location of the valves influenced trocar leakage.

Conclusions
We propose trocar redesigns to overcome specific causes of gas leaks. Moreover, an international testing standard for CO2 leakage for all new trocars and instruments is needed so surgical teams can avoid this potential health hazard when selecting new equipment.
Bowel function after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a randomized controlled trial comparing intracorporeal anastomosis and extracorporeal anastomosis
Authors: Małczak Piotr , Wysocki Michał , Pisarska-Adamczyk Magdalena , Major Piotr , Pędziwiatr Michał 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The laparoscopic right hemicolectomy is the standard surgical treatment for right-sided colon cancer. The continuity of the digestive tract is restored through ileocolic anastomosis which can be performed extracorporeally or intracorporeally. The study aimed to compare both anastomotic techniques in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.

Materials and methods
A single-blinded two-armed randomized control trial with 1:1 parallel allocation carried out from 2016 to 2020 in a single center. The follow-up period was 30 days. Compared interventions involved extracorporeal and intracorporeal ileocolic anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. The main outcome of the study was bowel recovery measured as the time to the first stool. Other outcomes involved the time to the first flatus, morbidity, and duration of surgery.

Results
One hundred and seventeen patients undergoing a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with curative intent were eligible for the trial. Eight patients refused to participate. One hundred and two patients were analyzed, 52 in the intracorporeal group and 50 in the extracorporeal group. The groups did not differ in terms of cancer stage or body mass index, but did differ in age and sex. Intracorporeal anastomosis was associated with a shorter time to the first stool than extracorporeal, 32.8 h (26.0–43.7) vs. 41.7 (35.9–50.0), p = 0.017. There was no significant difference in the time to the first flatus, 30 h (23.2–42.3) vs. 26.6 h (21.8–37.3), p = 0.165. Similarly, overall complications did not differ (EC 12/50 vs. IC 10/52, p = 0.56). There were no differences in length of surgery, 190 min (150–230) and 190 min (180–220), p = 0.55.

Conclusion
Intracorporeal ileocolic anastomosis following laparoscopic right hemicolectomy results in slightly faster bowel recovery, with no differences in morbidity and duration of surgery.
„Warum wird der Notruf 112 gewählt?“ – Befragung zum Notrufverhalten der Berliner Bevölkerung
Authors: Dahmen Janosch , Brettschneider Paul , Poloczek Stefan , Pommerenke Christopher , Wollenhaupt Lisa , Breuer Florian 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Steigende Notrufzahlen und vermehrte Inanspruchnahme notfallmedizinischer Versorgungsstrukturen sind derzeit Gegenstand umfassender gesundheitspolitischer Debatten in Deutschland. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht in einer repräsentativen Befragung die Kenntnisse, das Verhalten und mögliche Ursachen in Zusammenhang mit dem Notruf 112 im Land Berlin.

Methode
In Zusammenarbeit mit Infratest dimap wurde eine Telefonumfrage nach dem Random-digit-dialing(RDD)-Verfahren mit einer repräsentativen Zufallsstichprobe von 1002 Personen der deutschsprachigen Berliner Wohnbevölkerung zu Kenntnissen und dem Umgang mit dem Notruf 112 durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden Menschen im Land Berlin, die zum Befragungszeitraum mindestens 14 Jahre alt waren und über einen Festnetzanschluss verfügten. In 12 Fragen wurden Informationen zum Wissensstand über den Notruf 112, alternative Versorgungsstrukturen, das Nutzungsverhalten der Befragten und alternative Hilfsangebote einschließlich standardisierter Fallbeispiele abgefragt. Experteninterviews wurden ebenfalls durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
58 % der Befragten gaben an, den Notruf 112 für medizinische Notfälle, 74 % für Notfälle der Brandbekämpfung zu kennen. 91 % der Befragten gaben an, dass sie den Notruf 112 nur bei lebensbedrohlichen medizinischen Situationen wählen würden. Befragte männlichen Geschlechts, ältere Menschen und Befragte mit einem niedrigeren Bildungsstand gaben häufiger an, den Notruf 112 auch bei nicht lebensbedrohlichen medizinischen Problemen in Anspruch zu nehmen. Alternativen zum Notruf kannten 56 % der Befragten, wobei insbesondere die hausärztliche Versorgung kaum eine Rolle spielte. Experten sehen die fehlende Verfügbarkeit von Alternativen als ursächlich für die zunehmende Frequenz von Notrufen.

Schlussfolgerung
Fehlende suffiziente Alternativen in der Notfallversorgung könnten bei der vermehrten Inanspruchnahme des Notrufs eine Rolle spielen. Dennoch scheint die Berliner Bevölkerung durchaus mit der richtigen Nutzung des Notrufs vertraut zu sein. Die Gesundheitskompetenz von vulnerablen Gruppen sollte in Bezug auf das Wissen zum Notruf 112 gestärkt werden. Eine Bevölkerungskampagne könnte einen sinnvollen Ansatz darstellen. Weiterhin muss die Verfügbarkeit alternativer Versorgungsformen verbessert werden.
Serum Vitamin D, Folate and Fatty Acid Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gallardo-Carrasco Maria Carmen , Jiménez-Barbero José Antonio , Bravo-Pastor María del Mar , Martin-Castillo David , Sánchez-Muñoz María 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVitamin and fatty acid deficiency in children diagnosed with autism has been linked to the etiology and course of the disease but the results have been inconsistent. In our work, we present a narrative review, which includes 20 observational studies that provide data on the blood levels of vitamin D, folate, or fatty acids of children diagnosed with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder—AG group), and of a control group (children without this disorder—CG group). The main characteristics and results are presented in a summary table. Of the 20 above-mentioned studies, a meta-analysis of vitamin D and folate levels was carried out in 14 of them, with a total of 2269 children (AG = 1159, CG = 1110). Vitamin D levels were lower in AG compared to CG: SMD, 95% CI = − 0.83 [− 1.15, − 0.50]. In terms of folate levels, a total of 299 children (AG = 148, CG = 151) were analyzed, finding no significant differences with the control group: SMD, 95% CI = − 0.16 [− 0.63, 0.32]. Only one study that provided data on fatty acids in children with ASD was included in the review although it was not possible to include it in the meta-analysis. We conclude that the nutritional status (vitamin and fatty acid levels) of patients diagnosed with ASD should be taken into account, as correct adjustment of these levels—may produce an improvement in the course of the disease and could also reduce the risk of its development.
Stringing Together Cowrie Shells in the African Archaeological Record with Special Reference to Southern Africa
Authors: Moffett Abigail Joy , Nyamushosho Robert. Tendai , Bandama Foreman , Chirikure Shadreck 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArchaeological explorations of the meaning of ‘trade objects’, such as glass beads and cowrie shells, remain hampered by theoretical and methodological limitations in both their analyses and interpretations. In this paper, we develop a methodology for critically engaging in multi-scalar questions of the circulation, exchange, and value of cowrie shells in African archaeological contexts. Species, size, dorsal modifications, and depositional contexts were compared across five sites from South Africa dating between 750 and 1350 CE. These results were positioned within a review of cowries from archaeological sites in the region and compared to the documented distribution of cowries from wider African archaeological contexts.Monetaria annuluswere the prevalent cowrie species in southern African archaeological contexts over the last 2000 years, with a notable absence ofMonetaria moneta, prevalent at contemporaneous sites in West Africa, as well as a variety of endemic southern African species. Breakage patterns on the dorsal surface correspond to different modification techniques, such as chipping and grinding. Combined analyses of modification, use-wear, and depositional patterns show variation, revealing a diversity in the biographies of individual cowries. While a comparison of the distribution of cowries across the continent confirms the circulation of cowries through known trade routes, such as the trans-Saharan trade network and the European mercantile network, they also reveal new pathways for exchange that highlight the need for further exploration of intra African networks. Finally, the breadth of the results of this study demonstrates the value of a focus on a specific artefact to address a wide range of themes, from exchange to the archaeology of everyday life.
Longitudinal measurement invariance of the international spinal cord injury quality of life basic data set (SCI-QoL-BDS) during spinal cord injury/disorder inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Kunz Simon , Carrard Valerie , Galvis Aparicio Mayra , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Fekete Christine , Lude Peter , Post Marcel W. M. , Westphal Maren 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed at testing the internal consistency and longitudinal measurement invariance of a brief quality of life questionnaire—the spinal cord injury quality of life basic data set (SCI-QoL-BDS)—among individuals with spinal cord injury/disorder undergoing first inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods
Longitudinal data from the Swiss spinal cord injury inception cohort study were used. Participants (n = 218) completed the SCI-QoL-BDS at one and three months post injury and at discharge. The SCI-QoL-BDS consists of three items assessing satisfaction with life as a whole, physical health, and psychological health. Internal consistency was examined at each time point and longitudinal measurement invariance was tested using longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis.

Results
Internal consistency coefficients ranged between .82 and .90. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed invariance of the factor structure and of all factor loadings across time. Additionally, all item intercepts except the one of satisfaction with physical health were invariant across time, suggesting partial intercept invariance of the SCI-QoL-BDS. Indeed, a response shift was observed in satisfaction with physical health. This item was evaluated more negatively in the early phase of inpatient rehabilitation, indicating the change of the evolving physical situation after the onset of a spinal cord injury.

Conclusion
The SCI-QoL-BDS is a consistent and valid measure to assess quality of life among individuals undergoing first spinal cord injury/disorder inpatient rehabilitation. However, we recommend using latent variable frameworks instead of mean scores when examining longitudinal changes in the measure to account for potential response shift.
Understanding the Tribological Behavior of Graded (Cr,Al)N + Mo:S in Fluid-Free Friction Regime
Authors: Bobzin K. , Kalscheuer C. , Thiex M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComponents running in fluid-free friction regimes are exposed to harsh conditions leading to increased friction and wear. Thereby, the use of the solid lubricant molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) via lacquers, powders or physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings enables a friction and wear reduction. However, the tribological performance is limited to low mechanical loads. A promising coating concept already proven for high mechanical loads is the incorporation of the triboactive elements Mo and S in wear resistant hard nitride (Cr,Al)N matrix. In this study the supply mechanism and transfer of the tribofilm build out of the toplayer of the triboactive coating graded (Cr,Al)N + Mo:S under high mechanical loads at humid air were analyzed. Here, the chemical composition of the tribofilm was determined by a combination of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and correlated with tribological analysis. The results prove a friction and wear reduction independent of Hertzian pressure in the area of 400 MPa ≤ pH ≤ 1300 MPa due to the formation of a MoS2 and molybdenum oxide MoxOy containing tribofilm, whereby the share of MoxOy dominates compared to MoS2. Based on the results the understanding of the effect of the MoS2 + MoxOy containing tribofilm on the tribological behavior is increased.
Role of age, sex, and specific provoking factors on the distal versus proximal presentation of first symptomatic deep vein thrombosis: analysis of the SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER)
Authors: Spirk David , Sebastian Tim , Beer Jürg Hans , Mazzolai Lucia , Aujesky Drahomir , Hayoz Daniel , Engelberger Rolf Peter , Korte Wolfgang , Kucher Nils , Barco Stefano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the impact of age, sex, and their interactions with provoking risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In addition, we intended to provide additional insights on risk factors associated with the isolated distal versus proximal presentation of first symptomatic acute DVT, both being characterized by different prognosis. In the present analysis from the SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER), we compared demographic and baseline characteristics in patients with isolated distal (n = 184; 35%) versus proximal (n = 346) DVT of the lower limbs without symptomatic pulmonary embolism, and identified factors related with the presenting thrombosis location. In the overall population, mean age was 59 ± 19 years, 266 (50%) were women, 106 (20%) patients had cancer, 86 (16%) recent surgery, and 52 (10%) acute infection/sepsis. In a multivariable analysis, recent surgery [odds ratio (OR) 2.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80–4.73] was independently associated with a diagnosis of isolated distal DVT, whereas cancer (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.20–3.35), male sex aged 41 to 75 years (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.33–3.67), and acute infection/sepsis (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.29–5.66) with a diagnosis of proximal DVT. In SWIVTER, age, sex, and several provoking risk factors for VTE appeared to be related with the presenting location of first symptomatic DVT. Cancer, male sex, and acute infection/sepsis were associated with a proximal location of DVT, whereas recent surgery was associated with a distal presentation, likely acting as confounders for the association between thrombosis location and prognosis.
Reducing Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy: Considering Risk Factors, Pathophysiology and Strategies
Authors: Shlobin Nathan A. , Sander Josemir W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is the commonest cause of epilepsy-related premature mortality in people with chronic epilepsy. It is the most devastating epilepsy outcome. We describe and discuss risk factors and possible pathophysiological mechanisms to elucidate possible preventative strategies to avert SUDEP.

Recent Findings
Sudden death accounts for a significant proportion of premature mortality in people with epilepsy compared to the general population. Unmodifiable risk factors include a history of neurologic insult, younger age of seizure-onset, longer epilepsy duration, a history of convulsions, symptomatic epilepsy, intellectual disability, and non-ambulatory status. Modifiable risk factors include the presence of convulsive seizures, increased seizure frequency, timely and appropriate use of antiseizure medications, polytherapy, alcoholism, and supervision while sleeping. Pathophysiology is unclear, but several possible mechanisms such as direct alteration of cardiorespiratory function, pulmonary impairment, electrocerebral shutdown, adenosine dysfunction, and genetic susceptibility suggested.

Summary
Methods to prevent SUDEP include increasing awareness of SUDEP, augmenting knowledge of unmodifiable risk factors, obtaining full seizure remission, addressing lifestyle factors such as supervision and prone positioning, and enacting protocols to increase the detection of and intervention for SUDEP. Further studies are required to characterize precisely and comprehensively SUDEP risk factors and pathophysiological drivers and develop evidence-based algorithms to minimize SUDEP in people with epilepsy.
Detection of different chemical binders in coatings using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Raeissi Bahman , Bashir Muhammad Ahsan , Garrett Joseph L. , Orlandic Milica , Johansen Tor Arne , Skramstad Torbjørn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic coatings protect metallic structures of significant commercial value. Regular inspections of coatings are required to ensure their integrity and, therefore, to verify their stated performance. However, for metallic structures located in harsh places, coating inspection can pose significant safety and logistical challenges. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, nondestructive and relatively inexpensive analytical technique. It is currently employed to analyze different chemicals in fields like agriculture, food, and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) creates a spatial map of spectral information by measuring light reflected from a material. In this work, hyperspectral imaging in the NIR portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (NIR-HSI) is used to accurately distinguish between the chemically different binders employed in commercial organic coatings. In addition, k-means clustering is explored as a tool to provide diagnostic information about the spatial inhomogeneities in the chemical structure of an applied coating, which, if undetected, can lead to coating defects during service life. The results of this work suggest that the NIR-HSI could be used for remote inspections of organic coatings.
Fishing at the Late Islamic settlement in Kharā’ib al-Dasht, Failaka Island, Kuwait
Authors: Iwaszczuk Urszula , Pieńkowska Agnieszka , Wouters Wim , Gręzak Anna , Mierzejewska Marta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Kharā’ib al-Dasht settlement, located on the north-eastern coast of the island of Failaka in Kuwait, has been excavated systematically since 2013 by the Kuwaiti-Polish Archaeological Mission. The investigated area yielded remains dated to the Late Islamic period, from the late seventeenth to the nineteenth century. In the northernmost part of the site, a fish processing area was uncovered, while the remains of residential structures (houses 1 and 2), as well as a mosque, were discovered in the eastern part of the site. Concentrations of fireplaces, hearths and ovens were discovered inside the houses and courtyards of what seems to be the centre of the settlement as well as from the periphery of the site. Fishing was evidenced not only by the presence of fish bones but also by recovered fishing technologies, including the remains of stone fish traps that were discovered in the coastal waters near to the site. The excavations yielded 12,182 bones of marine fishes. Twenty eight families are represented, including six families of cartilaginous fishes. Ariidae bones were most numerous followed by Haemulidae, Sciaenidae and Carcharhinidae. The analysis of the assemblage shows that fishing could have been of great importance to the inhabitants of the settlement. Moreover, we attest different patterns in the fish assemblages between the two different parts of the village. The fish processing area can be seen as a workplace, while the daily activity took place in the village. These differences can also be used to shed light on the fishing techniques these people used.