bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of executive function problems and disordered eating behaviours in teens with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cecilia‐Costa Raquel , Hansmann Merel , McGill Dayna E. , Volkening Lisa K. , Laffel Lori M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo explore cross‐sectional associations between executive function problems and disordered eating behaviours in teens with type 1 diabetes.MethodsExecutive function was assessed by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), self‐report and parent proxy‐report versions. Scores ≥60 (on Global Executive Composite, Behavioral Regulation Index, Metacognition Index or clinical scales) indicated problems with executive function. Disordered eating behaviour was assessed by the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey Revised (DEPS‐R) and categorized as follows: <10 low, 10–19 moderate and ≥20 high.ResultsIn the 169 teens (46% girls, median age 16.0 years [range 13.7–18.7], median diabetes duration 8.9 years [range 1.4–16.6]), 29% had moderate and 12% had high level of disordered eating behaviours. Executive function problems were present in 9% by self report and 26% by parent proxy‐report. Among teens with moderate/high level of disordered eating behaviours, 19% had executive function problems by self report (vs. 2% of teens with low level of disordered eating behaviours, p < 0.001) and 33% had executive function problems by parent proxy‐report (vs. 20% of teens with low level of disordered eating behaviours, p = 0.056). A greater level of disordered eating behaviours was associated with executive function problems by teen self report on the General Executive Composite (p < 0.001), Behavioral Regulation Index (p < 0.001), emotional control clinical scale (p < 0.001), shift clinical scale (p < 0.001) and by parent proxy‐report on the task initiation clinical scale (p = 0.008).ConclusionsAssessing executive function and screening for disordered eating behaviours in teens with type 1 diabetes could help identify a subset of teens at high risk for adverse outcomes and need for intervention.
Dopamine D1 receptor‐expressing neurons activity is essential for locomotor and sensitizing effects of a single injection of cocaine
Authors: Nakamura Yukari , Longueville Sophie , Nishi Akinori , Hervé Denis , Girault Jean‐Antoine , Nakamura Yuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDopamine D1 receptors play an important role in the effects of cocaine. Here, we investigated the role of neurons which express these receptors (D1‐neurons) in the acute locomotor effects of cocaine and the locomotor sensitization observed after a second injection of this drug, using the previously established two‐injection protocol of sensitization. We inhibited D1‐neurons using double transgenic mice conditionally expressing the inhibitory Gi‐coupled designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (Gi‐DREADD) in D1‐neurons. Chemogenetic inhibition of D1‐neurons by a low dose of clozapine (0.1 mg/kg) decreased the cocaine‐induced expression of Fos in striatal neurons. It diminished the basal locomotor activity and acute hyper‐locomotion induced by cocaine (20 mg/kg). Clozapine 0.1 mg/kg had no effect by itself and did not alter cocaine effects in wild‐type mice. Inhibition of D1‐neurons during the first cocaine administration prevented the sensitization of the locomotor response in response to a second cocaine administration 10 days later. On Day 11, inhibition of D1‐neurons by clozapine stimulation of Gi‐DREADD blocked cocaine‐induced locomotion including in sensitized mice, whereas on Day 12, in the absence of clozapine and D1‐neurons inhibition, all mice displayed a sensitized response to cocaine. These results show that chemogenetic inhibition of D1‐neurons decreases spontaneous and cocaine‐induced locomotor activity. It prevents sensitization induction and blocks sensitized locomotion in a two‐injection protocol of sensitization but does not reverse established sensitization. Our study further supports the central role of D1‐neurons in mediating the acute locomotor effects of cocaine and its sensitization.
Applying CCB to predict management change affected long‐term SOM turnover of the Extended Static Fertilization Experiment in Bad Lauchstädt
Authors: Franko Uwe , Diel Julius , Ruehlmann Joerg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong‐term field experiments (LTEs) are invaluable in improving understanding of soil organic matter (SOM) turnover, as some of the involved processes have proceeded over centuries. Prediction of such slow carbon fluxes depends especially on the initialization of slow‐reacting model pools and requires monitoring for a very long time for evaluation. This study reports soil organic matter (SOM) modelling covering more than 100 years for a dataset of 36 treatments of the “Extended Static Experiment” that is based on the classical “Static Experiment Bad Lauchstädt.” The experimental scheme includes different fertilization treatments where the plots are arranged in two field stripes. A special feature of this experiment is the management change for each stripe after seven decades of continuous cultivation that includes a considerable alteration of organic amendments on different SOM levels. The Candy Carbon Balance (CCB) model was calibrated for soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics regarding initial SOC content and one parameter describing the physical protection of SOM. Calibration was performed for each plot individually, for each stripe, and for the whole experiment, resulting in a relative root mean square error (rRMSE, (−)) of 0.050, 0.058 and 0.064, respectively. Model predictions for soil organic nitrogen (SON) dynamics were satisfactory using the calibration results for SOC and the average C/N ratio from all observations within this dataset (11.8) for model initialization. The model error for SON prediction reached from rRMSE = 0.09 (whole experiment) over rRMSE = 0.085 (each stripe) to rRMSE = 0.084 (each plot). Calibration results suggest some heterogeneity between the two field stripes. Restarting the model after the management change in 1978 using the plot‐specific calculated SOC value from previous simulations for the whole time period provided different results of predicted SOC trends and values, suggesting that the precondition of SOM in steady state was still not fulfilled after seven decades.Highlights
SOC and SON were modelled for 36 treatments over more than one century.
Model restarts after seven decades indicated that SOM pools were not in steady state.
Modelling SON required only an additional input of the average C/N ratio of SOM
Effect of serious fertilization changes can be well predicted by the tested model setup
Changes in epileptogenicity biomarkers after stereotactic thermocoagulation
Authors: Contento Margherita , Pizzo Francesca , López‐Madrona Víctor J. , Lagarde Stanislas , Makhalova Julia , Trébuchon Agnes , Medina Villalon Samuel , Giusiano Bernard , Scavarda Didier , Carron Romain , Roehri Nicolas , Bénar Christian‐George , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveStereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG)‐guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF‐TC) aims at modifying epileptogenic networks to reduce seizure frequency. High‐frequency oscillations (HFOs), spikes, and cross‐rate are quantifiable epileptogenic biomarkers. In this study, we sought to evaluate, using SEEG signals recorded before and after thermocoagulation, whether a variation in these markers is related to the therapeutic effect of this procedure and to the outcome of surgery.MethodsInterictal segments of SEEG signals were analyzed in 38 patients during presurgical evaluation. We used an automatized method to quantify the rate of spikes, rate of HFOs, and cross‐rate (a measure combining spikes and HFOs) before and after thermocoagulation. We analyzed the differences both at an individual level with a surrogate approach and at a group level with analysis of variance. We then evaluated the correlation between these variations and the clinical response to RF‐TC and to subsequent resective surgery.ResultsAfter thermocoagulation, 19 patients showed a clinical improvement. At the individual level, clinically improved patients more frequently had a reduction in spikes and cross‐rate in the epileptogenic zone than patients without clinical improvement (p = .002, p = .02). At a group level, there was a greater decrease of HFOs in epileptogenic and thermocoagulated zones in patients with clinical improvement (p < .05) compared to those with no clinical benefit. Eventually, a significant decrease of all the markers after RF‐TC was found in patients with a favorable outcome of resective surgery (spikes, p = .026; HFOs, p = .03; cross‐rate, p = .03).SignificanceQuantified changes in the rate of spikes, rate of HFOs, and cross‐rate can be observed after thermocoagulation, and the reduction of these markers correlates with a favorable clinical outcome after RF‐TC and with successful resective surgery. This may suggest that interictal biomarker modifications after RF‐TC can be clinically used to predict the effectiveness of the thermocoagulation procedure and the outcome of resective surgery.
Theoretical modeling and neritic monitoring of loggerhead Caretta caretta [Linnaeus, 1758] sea turtle sex ratio in the southeast United States do not substantiate fears of a male‐limited population
Authors: Arendt Michael D. , Schwenter Jeffrey A. , Owens David W. , Valverde Roldán A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSea turtles are among several hundred species whose sex is determined by incubation conditions during critical developmental periods. Consequently, these marine reptiles may be vulnerable to global climate change, and under the assumption of continued climate warming, numerous studies pose dire predictions for future populations based primarily on hatchling sex ratio data. Alternatively, as long‐lived species that take decades to reach maturity, without inherent coping mechanisms for such change, sea turtles could not have persisted across geological epochs. Globally, loggerhead Caretta caretta [Linnaeus, 1758] sea turtles occupy temperate zones, with ontogenetic development that spans the entirety of gyres associated with respective ocean basins. The largest rookery for this species occurs in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA) population, where a 30‐year cycle in annual nest counts is reported through 2018. Complementary studies document a lagged association between these annual nest counts and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO); however, the underlying mechanism for this association remains elusive. Therefore, objective 1 evaluated the effect of AMO‐mediated cohort resonance on the demographic structure of a theoretical neritic assemblage under variable cohort abundance and female proportion but stable annual survival during 165‐year runs (i.e., extent of AMO data). For objective 2, blood samples were used to assign sex to 2217 loggerhead sea turtles captured by research trawling (2000 to 2019) on the inner continental shelf from St. Augustine, FL (29.9°N) to Winyah Bay, SC (33.1°N). Shorter oceanic duration of less female‐biased cohorts from the AMO cold phase synchronized peak adult male and adult female co‐occurrence during subsequent warm phases three decades later. Grand sex ratio predicted from testosterone was 67% female (n = 1484), with a slight temporal female decline. Our findings suggest greater population sex ratio plasticity than predicted solely from terrestrial nesting data.
High regional and intrageneric variation in susceptibility to mass bleaching in Indo‐Pacific coral species
Authors: Muir Paul R. , Done Terence , Aguirre J. David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimWe investigate how susceptibility to mass bleaching varies between closely related coral species, and the validity of applying these susceptibility data (at the appropriate taxonomic level) across geographical regions. We also conduct a preliminary analysis of factors likely to affect geographical variability and examine which data are required for adequate assessment of the risk to species and regional populations from repeated mass bleaching events.LocationTwenty‐two sites in the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR) and 30 sites in the central Maldives Archipelago (MA).Time period2002 for the GBR and 2016 for the MA.Major taxa studiedCorals (order Scleractinia).MethodsAfter marine heat‐wave conditions, timed in situ surveys recorded bleaching responses of 7,368 coral colonies exposed to similar levels of temperature stress at a similar depth of occurrence and with similar subsequent mortality. In each region, a separate phylogenetic mixed model was used to estimate deep‐time phylogenetic‐, contemporary‐ (indicative of recent adaptation/acclimatization) and local‐scale effects. The results were compared between regions in relative terms as a hierarchy of species susceptibilities.ResultsSusceptibility varied widely between regions: 27 of 106 species analysed were in the same quartile for relative susceptibility in both regions. Closely related species varied widely in their individual susceptibilities. Phylogenetic effects were moderate in both regions, but greater contemporary effects in the MA suggested recent evolution and acclimatization, consistent with a stronger history of recent bleaching events.Main conclusionsThe high regional and intrageneric variation in susceptibility to bleaching described here suggests that there might be important differences in the extent to which these Indian and Pacific Ocean coral populations are exhibiting responses to deep‐time evolutionary changes, on the one hand, versus recent adaptation, on the other. We reveal a concerning lack of regional‐scale data identifying species most at risk from this, the greatest current threat to coral reefs.
Fertility treatment and organizational discourses of the non‐reproductive female body
Authors: Cervi Lucia , Brewis Joanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to debates on the intersections between organizations, the body, and reproduction by exploring how the non‐reproductive female body is discursively (re)constructed by organizations which provide fertility treatment, such as private clinics and fertility magazines. Organization studies has neglected the non‐reproductive body, despite a fair amount of research on its reproductive counterpart, especially pregnant and maternal bodies. Equally, these discussions privilege the employment relationship – for example, how women are enjoined to manage their bodies at work – whereas we concentrate on the marketplace, or the field of fertility treatment, and the organizations therein. These organizations, while focused on reproducing bodies, also influence, compound, and challenge notions of the bodies they are involved with. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis of texts produced by UK fertility organizations, we present three discourses of the non‐reproductive female body that (re)generate subject positions where the absence of reproduction is a medical condition, an emotionally distressing experience, and something that needs to be cared for. Our argument suggests how the texts can operate as a form of Foucauldian governmental biopower, emphasizing how they hail the infertile female subject.
Novel strategies for the early diagnosis of hepatitis B virus reactivation
Authors: Inoue Takako , Matsui Takeshi , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation under systemic chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy is a serious complication among HBV‐resolved patients. Some medications, such as more than 2 weeks of corticosteroid therapy, can influence HBV reactivation; therefore, screening tests that measure hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody, and hepatitis B surface antibody before therapy are required. Additionally, because HBV reactivation has been reported in patients positive for HBsAg treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the prophylactic administration of nucleos(t)ide analogues prior to administering ICIs is recommended for HBsAg‐positive patients. Under these circumstances, highly sensitive novel biomarkers are expected to be used for the early diagnosis of HBV reactivation. A fully automated high‐sensitivity HBsAg assay (detection limit: 5 mIU/ml) by Lumipulse HBsAg‐HQ, with 10‐fold higher sensitivity than that of conventional assays, is currently used. Furthermore, ultra‐sensitive HBsAg assays using a semi‐automated immune complex transfer chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (ICT‐CLEIA; detection limit: 0.5 mIU/ml) have been developed. Recently, a fully automated, novel high‐sensitivity hepatitis B core‐related antigen assay (iTACT‐HBcrAg; cut‐off value: 2.1 Log U/mL) has been developed and reported. The utility of ICT‐CLEIA and iTACT‐HBcrAg for the diagnosis of HBV reactivation appears comparable to the use of HBV DNA. In this review, we provide the latest information related to medications that influence HBV reactivation and recently developed novel biomarkers that predict and monitor HBV reactivation.
Information specialists and researchers working together for health promotion: Benefits from school‐work educational programmes at the National Institute of Health in Italy
Authors: De Castro Paola , Salinetti Sandra , Barbaro Maria Cristina , Ambrosini Elena , Felicetti Federica , Monterosso Davide , Sorrentino Eugenio , Agresti Cristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 2015, the Italian Ministry of Education in Italy launched innovative upper school educational programmes envisaging school‐work initiatives. In this framework, the National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS) was among the first scientific institutions to develop educational programmes with school. Involving school students in health research activities allowed health literacy improvement, acquisition of scientific communication skills and fostered student interest in science careers. This article focuses on how health literacy and health promotion can be taught to school students through taking part in this programme. It is a multi‐disciplinary collaboration among different stakeholders—ISS tutors (researchers, information and communication experts), teachers and students. This collaborative initiative is a good example of ‘teaching and learning’ in action since all stakeholders could benefit from cross‐fertilisation in an informal educational context.
PRRX1–NCOA1‐rearranged fibroblastic tumour: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of six cases of a potentially under‐recognised, distinctive mesenchymal tumour
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K , Azzato Elizabeth M , Jebastin Thangaiah Judith , Gjorgova‐Gjeorgievski Sandra , Rubin Brian P , Folpe Andrew L , Agaimy Abbas , Fritchie Karen J 
Published: July 2021

AimsPRRX1–NCOA1‐rearranged fibroblastic tumour is a recently described, rare mesenchymal tumour. Only four cases have been previously reported. The aim of this article is to report six additional cases of this unusual mesenchymal neoplasm, with an emphasis on its differential diagnosis.Methods and resultsThe six cases were from three females and three males (age, 20–49 years; median, 42 years). Three tumours were located on the abdominal wall; two from the shoulder/axillary areas, and one on the lateral hip. All presented as slow‐growing subcutaneous nodules, ranging from 26 to 55 mm (median, 40 mm). The tumours consisted of circumscribed, variably cellular nodules composed of relatively bland plump spindled to epithelioid cells arranged singly, in cords, and occasionally in nests, embedded in hyalinised and collagenous stroma. Small hypocellular myxoid zones with ropey collagen fibres were present, as were irregularly dilated, gaping, crescent‐shaped or staghorn‐like thin‐walled vessels, best appreciated at the periphery. Immunohistochemistry for CD34, S100, MUC4 and STAT6 was consistently negative. RNA‐sequencing revealed PRRX1–NCOA1 fusions in all cases. Of the four cases with limited follow‐up (1.5–4 months), none recurred following local surgical excision.ConclusionsThe morphological features of PRRX1–NCOA1‐rearranged fibroblastic tumour overlap with those of RB1‐deficient soft‐tissue tumours, solitary fibrous tumour, and low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma/sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. This differential diagnosis can be resolved with a combination of careful morphological study and the application of a panel of immunostains, although molecular genetic study is most definitive. The natural history of PRRX1–NCOA1‐rearranged fibroblastic tumour appears to be quite favourable, although longer‐term study of a larger number of cases is warranted.
Speciation of the cold‐adapted scorpionfly Cerapanorpa brevicornis (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) via interglacial refugia
Authors: Gao Kai , Hua Yuan , Xing Lian‐Xi , Hua Bao‐Zhen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pleistocene climate changes played a significant role in the speciation of temperate insects. Cold‐adapted species responding to past climatic events, however, remain rarely investigated in most groups of insects.
We assessed the evolutionary history and speciation of the cold‐adapted scorpionfly Cerapanorpa brevicornis (Hua and Li), endemic to the Qinling–Bashan Mountains and adjacent regions (QBMARs), based on one nuclear and three mitochondrial DNA gene markers.
Two distinctly divergent lineages were found in C. brevicornis dating back to 0.56 Ma, approximately coinciding with the extra‐long interglaciation (0.48–0.62 Ma) during the middle Pleistocene. Lineage I is widely distributed in the QBMARs, and Lineage II is confined to the ‘sky islands’ of the eastern Bashan Mountains (EBMs). The patch of ‘alpine archipelagos’ in the EBMs seems to function as interglacial microrefugia. In contrast, interglacial macrorefugia are located in the Qinling Mountains.
These findings may highlight the essential role of postglacial warming in the speciation and generation of neo‐endemic species through range contraction in cold‐adapted species and may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the high endemism and species richness in the QBMARs.
This study suggests that Lineage II can be treated as a good species acting as an indicator of climate change, and the ‘sky islands’ of the EBMs might be a high‐priority region for alpine biodiversity conservation under global warming.