bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livelihood Patterns and Socio-economic Conditions of the Fishermen of Kharingcha Baor at Chaugachha Upazilla in Jashore District, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Raihan , Rahman M. Aminur , Choudhury Moumita , Farid Md. Almamun , Biswas Anusree , Rahman M. Anisur 
Published: June 2021

A field study was carried out to investigate the livelihood patterns the socio-economic conditions of the small-scale traditional fishermen of Kharingcha baor at Chaugachha upazilla in Jashore, Bangladesh. The survey was conducted on 100 peoples from 70 families of the fishermen in the study area. It was found from the study that 94% fishermen were comprising of males, while 6% were of females. Among them, the majority was Hindus (88%) and the minority was Muslims (12%). During the suvey, the proportion of semi paka houses were documented to be 88%, while kancha were 12%, and all the families had electricity facilities. It was found that 20% of fishermen had no education, 6% had passed SSC-HSC examinations, 14% had passed 6-10 classes and 24% had passed 1-5 classes. It revealed that 84% of fishermen were married and 16% were unmarried. Throughout the study, 33% of the fishermen were found to be dependent on village doctors, 40% on upazilla hospital and 27% on MBBS doctors. Several types of local boats and dingi nouka as well as nets such as tana jal (surrounding net), set bagnet, khapla jal (cast net), thela jal (push net) etc. were used for the harvesting of different fish species (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cyprinus carpio, Cirrhinus mrigala, Heteropneustes fossilis, Channa striatus, C. punctatus etc.). Averagely, 35-80 kg fish per day was caught by a group of fishermen using a boat. The majority of the fishers sold their harvested fishes upon the fulfillment of their demands. The monthly mean income of fishermen was around BDT. 5,000-15,000 in the baor area. Among the fishermen, 56% of them were observed to lend money from money lenders and 44% from the NGOs for their fishing-related activities and livelihoods. It revealed from the present findings that the traditional fishermen of Kharingcha baor require more technical, organizational and institutional helps for the improvement of their socioeconomic condition and sustainable livelihood.
Digital Terrain Characterization of Nilona Micro Watershed of Darwha Block of Maharastra
Authors: Rakesh R. , Souza Ashay D , Chattaraj Sudipta 
Published: June 2021

Watershed characterization is the first step in the sustainable management of watershed resources. Morphometric analysis of a watershed using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) provides a quantitative description of the drainage system which is an important aspect of the characterization of watersheds. The study was conducted in Nilona micro-watershed covering an area of 1297.35 ha in Darwha tehsil of Yavatmal district, Maharashtra. The terrain attributes and drainage configuration were derived from the Cartosat-1 data, 10m resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) using ArcGIS. Surface soil samples of 118 locations were collected from grid points located at regular interval of 325 m. The digital terrain analysis showed that slope varies from 0 to 45.9 percent, with a mean value of 4.5%. Most of the area of Nilona micro-watershed was classified as gentle sloping. Profile curvature varies from -5.1 to 4.6 m m-1, respectively indicating the coexistence of erosive as well as depositional landforms. Overall, the study documents the utility of site-specific modeling and geo-statistical interpolation based predictive mapping for watershed planning.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Evaluation of Conventional Antibiotics, Garlic and Ginger on Isolates from Fish Pond Water Samples in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Umeh O. R. , Chukwura E. I. , Okoye E. L. , Ibo E. M. , Egwuatu P. I. , Uba B. O. 
Published: June 2021

Medicinal plants are used by almost 80% of the world’s population for their basic health care because of their low cost and ease in availability. In the last few decades, many bacteria have continued to show increasing resistance against current antibiotics.
Aim: In this study, phytochemical screening and antibacterial effects of conventional antibiotics, garlic and ginger on test isolates from fish pond water samples were evaluated between May-November, 2019.
Methods: Standard methods for phytochemical screening and antibacterial analysis were employed.
Results: The results showed that amongst the antibiotics used for susceptibility test, Amoxicilin (30 µg) was mostly resisted by all the bacterial isolates except Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella typhi while erythromycin (10 µg) was unable to inhibit Bacillus subtilis. Ciprofloxacin (10 µg) and pefloxacin (10 µg) inhibited the growth of all the isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The test isolates showed variable susceptibility to the garlic and ginger extracts (ethanol, methanol and hot water). The extracts inhibited the isolates in descending order; ginger ethanol > ginger methanol > garlic methanol > ginger hot water > garlic ethanol > garlic hot water. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus showed little resistant to the extracts while these extracts showed better activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Synergistic effect of garlic and ginger (500mg/ml) inhibited the growth of all the isolates with ethanol extracts having the highest zone diameter (29 mm) on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis while hot water extracts had the least zone of inhibition (18 mm) on Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration for ethanol, methanol and hot water extracts ranged from 31.25mg/ml to 62.5mg/ml and 62.5mg/ml to 125mg/ml respectively.
Conclusion: The outcomes of susceptibility experiment depicted that ethanol and methanol extracts of garlic and ginger (each alone and in combination) showed more inhibitory effect than aqueous extracts and also the combination of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts resulted in inhibitory effect greater than each of the extracts when used singly. The use of ginger and garlic for control of fish pathogens appears to be justified.
Factors influencing the acute pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizure paradigm and a literature review
Authors: Yuskaitis Christopher J. , Rossitto Leigh‐Ana , Groff Karenna J. , Dhamne Sameer C. , Zhang Bo , Lalani Lahin K. , Singh Achint K. , Rotenberg Alexander , Sahin Mustafa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo confirm the critical factors affecting seizure susceptibility in acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) mouse epilepsy models and evaluate the prior literature for these factors.MethodsSerial cohorts of wild‐type mice administered intraperitoneal (IP)‐PTZ were aggregated and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression for the effect of sex, age, background strain, dose, and physiologic stress (i.e., EEG implantation and/or single‐housing) on seizure response. We assessed the reporting of these factors in a comprehensive literature review over the last 10 years (2010–2020).ResultsWe conducted aggregated analysis of pooled data of 307 mice (220 C57BL/6J mice and 87 mixed background mice; 202 males, 105 females) with median age of 10 weeks (range: 6–49 weeks) with acute PTZ injection (dose range 40–65 mg/kg). Significance in multivariate analysis was found between seizures and increased PTZ dose (odds ratio (OR) 1.149, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.102–1.205), older age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.041–1.170), physiologic stress (OR 17.36, 95% CI 7.349–44.48), and mixed background strain (OR 0.4725, 95% CI 0.2315–0.9345). Literature review identified 97 papers using acute PTZ‐seizure models. Age, housing, sex, and background were omitted by 61% (59/97), 51% (49/97), 18% (17/97), and 8% (8/97) papers, respectively. Only 17% of publications specified all four factors (16/97).InterpretationOur analysis and literature review demonstrate a critical gap in standardization of acute PTZ‐induced seizure paradigm in mice. We recommend that future studies specify and control for age, background strain, sex, and housing conditions of experimental animals.
Finite‐time adaptive control for nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters based on the command filters
Authors: Ding Jiling , Zhang Weihai 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe trajectory tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters is considered in this article. A new adaptive finite‐time tracking control is designed based on the adaptive backstepping method via the command filters. The command filter mechanism can avoid the calculation of partial derivatives and solve the “explosion of complexity” in the backstepping design. The compensation signals are introduced to eliminate errors produced by the command filters. The proposed adaptive backstepping control can guarantee the tracking error remains in a small neighborhood of the origin in finite time, while the practical finite‐time stability of the control systems with uncertain parameters is proven by the stability criterion. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by some simulation results.
Emerging 2D Memory Devices for In‐Memory Computing
Authors: Yin Lei , Cheng Ruiqing , Wen Yao , Liu Chuansheng , He Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is predicted that the conventional von Neumann computing architecture cannot meet the demands of future data‐intensive computing applications due to the bottleneck between the processing and memory units. To try to solve this problem, in‐memory computing technology, where calculations are carried out in situ within each nonvolatile memory unit, has been intensively studied. Among various candidate materials, 2D layered materials have recently demonstrated many new features that have been uniquely exploited to build next‐generation electronics. Here, the recent progress of 2D memory devices is reviewed for in‐memory computing. For each memory configuration, their operation mechanisms and memory characteristics are described, and their pros and cons are weighed. Subsequently, their versatile applications for in‐memory computing technology, including logic operations, electronic synapses, and random number generation are presented. Finally, the current challenges and potential strategies for future 2D in‐memory computing systems are also discussed at the material, device, circuit, and architecture levels. It is hoped that this manuscript could give a comprehensive review of 2D memory devices and their applications in in‐memory computing, and be helpful for this exciting research area.
In Situ TEM Imaging of Solution‐Phase Chemical Reactions Using 2D‐Heterostructure Mixing Cells
Authors: Kelly Daniel J. , Clark Nick , Zhou Mingwei , Gebauer Denis , Gorbachev Roman V. , Haigh Sarah J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLiquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy is used to study a wide range of chemical processes, where its unique combination of spatial and temporal resolution provides countless insights into nanoscale reaction dynamics. However, achieving sub‐nanometer resolution has proved difficult due to limitations in the current liquid cell designs. Here, a novel experimental platform for in situ mixing using a specially developed 2D heterostructure‐based liquid cell is presented. The technique facilitates in situ atomic resolution imaging and elemental analysis, with mixing achieved within the immediate viewing area via controllable nanofracture of an atomically thin separation membrane. This novel technique is used to investigate the time evolution of calcium carbonate synthesis, from the earliest stages of nanodroplet precursors to crystalline calcite in a single experiment. The observations provide the first direct visual confirmation of the recently developed liquid‐liquid phase separation theory, while the technological advancements open an avenue for many other studies of early stage solution‐phase reactions of great interest for both the exploration of fundamental science and developing applications.
Dual‐Wavelength Responsive Broad Range Multicolor Upconversion Luminescence for High‐Capacity Photonic Barcodes
Authors: Ying Weitao , Nie Jingheng , Fan Xuemei , Xu Shiqing , Gu Jianmin , Liu Shimin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRealizing multicolor emissions of upconversion (UC) luminescence materials is of significant importance for information security and anticounterfeiting fields. Herein, a strategy is reported to achieve UC multicolor luminescence through manipulating the electronic transition process under dual‐wavelength excitation. The novel color can be produced via exploiting the synergistic effect of photons under dual‐wavelength excitation to control electron distribution, and can be further modulated by finely adjusting the excitation power. Furthermore, the range of color‐tunable emissions is expanded by adjusting Yb3+ ions concentrations due to the energy back transfer (EBT) process. Inspired by this, the materials with broad‐range UC multicolor emissions can be used to design high‐capacity photonic barcodes for anticounterfeiting applications, which provides a significant step for advanced anticounterfeiting of high level security.
Micromechanical Fabrication of Resonator Waveguides Integrated Four‐Port Photonic Circuit from Flexible Organic Single Crystals
Authors: Ravi Jada , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBy using a mechanophotonics approach, three flexible organic microcrystals of (E)‐1‐(4‐(dimethylamino)‐phenyl)iminomethyl‐2‐hydroxyl‐naphthalene (DPIN) are micromanipulated, and dual‐waveguides coupled ring resonator is fabricated. The flexibility of the DPIN crystal arises owing to its spring‐like expansion and contraction of π∙∙∙π stacked molecular chains along the (002) plane. The crystals also act as optical waveguides in straight and bent geometries with very low optical loss coefficients. The fluorescence (FL) spectra of the guided light also display Fabry‐Pérot modes. Precise mechanical manipulation of microcrystals with atomic force microscopy cantilever tip bent a straight crystal waveguide to 360° angle forming a ring‐shaped crystal resonator (diameter ≈58.6 µm). The positioning and integration of two straight parallelly oriented waveguiding crystals (bus and drop) along the opposite edge of the ring resonator forms the first of its kind all‐organic crystal‐based dual‐waveguides coupled ring resonator. The fabricated circuit with four ports selectively guides the produced input FL to through and drop ports via active, passive waveguiding and FL reabsorbance mechanisms.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Aerobic Oxidative C(sp3)−C(sp3) Bond Cleavage of Morpholine Derivatives Using 4CzIPN as a Photocatalyst
Authors: Dong Chun‐Lin , Huang Lan‐Qian , Guan Zhi , Huang Chu‐Sheng , He Yan‐Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, a metal‐free strategy for the aerobic oxidative cleavage of the inert C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond was developed. Deconstruction of morpholine derivatives was conducted using visible light as an energy source and O2 as an oxidant under mild conditions. This procedure demonstrated suitable selectivity and functional group tolerance. Moreover, a possible mechanism involving a radical process was proposed based on a series of mechanism exploration and control experiments.magnified image
Perovskite Solar Cells with Front Surface Gradient
Authors: Guo Mingxuan , Bo Jun , Chen Xingtong , Wan Peng , Chen Mengyu , Li Qinyi , Luo Chengzhao , Chen Yu , Chen Song 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe recombination flux in a solar cell is determined by not only recombination centers, but also the spatial distribution of minority carriers. For halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), although there has been a tremendous amount of work focusing on defect passivation, the issue of carrier distribution is not as well studied as for other types of solar cells. Here in this work, with the incorporation of perovskite quantum dots, the concept of the front surface gradient in PSCs using a solution process is successfully realized. Evidenced by multiple characterization techniques, the minority carriers are pushed away from the defect‐rich surface by the gradient of valence band maximum, which effectively reduces surface recombination without compromising photocurrent. As a result, the normal structured hybrid PSCs and MAPbI3 cells exhibit open‐circuit voltages exceeding 93% and 90% of their respective Shockley–Queisser limits, and the power conversion efficiencies reach 22.36% and 20.53%, respectively.
Low Temperature Processed Fully Printed Efficient Planar Structure Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Yang Fu , Dong Lirong , Jang Dongju , Saparov Begench , Tam Kai Cheong , Zhang Kaicheng , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScalable deposition processes at low temperature are urgently needed for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as they can decrease the energy payback time of PSCs technology. In this work, a processing protocol is presented for highly efficient and stable planar n–i–p structure PSCs with carbon as the top electrode (carbon‐PSCs) fully printed at fairly low temperature by using cheap materials under ambient conditions, thus meeting the requirements for scalable production on an industrial level. High‐quality perovskite layers are achieved by using a combinatorial engineering concept, including solvent engineering, additive engineering, and processing engineering. The optimized carbon‐PSCs with all layers including electron transport layer, perovskite, hole transport layer, and carbon electrode which are printed under ambient conditions show efficiencies exceeding 18% with enhanced stability, retaining 100% of their initial efficiency after 5000 h in a humid atmosphere. Finally, large‐area perovskite modules are successfully obtained and outstanding performance is shown with an efficiency of 15.3% by optimizing the femtosecond laser parameters for the P2 line patterning. These results represent important progress toward fully printed planar carbon electrode perovskite devices as a promising approach for the scaling up and worldwide application of PSCs.
Analysis of changes in topdressing application effect on rice by NDVI using hierarchical Bayesian model
Authors: Tanno Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough many studies have investigated the relationship between rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), few have used it as a practical indicator to determine whether topdressing application is necessary. Therefore, in this study, to verify the usefulness of NDVI as a fertilizer application indicator, changes of topdressing effect on rice depending on the NDVI immediately before application were analyzed using hierarchical Bayesian model. When NDVI was low, topdressing application 45–50 d after transplantation greatly improved yield and quality. However, when NDVI was high, the effect of topdressing was scarce. Since the timing of topdressing application in this study is highly effective in increasing leaf area and number of panicles, which was a positive effect when NDVI was low and both sink and source capacity were insufficient, but when NDVI was high, topdressing application would exceed the optimum leaf area index and could not improve source capacity, so there would be little benefit from topdressing application. Sales of rice was simulated using the posterior distribution of parameters and it was considered worthwhile to apply topdressing when NDVI was <0.75. In addition, weather effects were extracted using the posterior distribution of random effects. As a result, the random effects reflected the effects of weather fairly accurately, suggesting that the effects of other factors could be eliminated. In this study, NDVI was found to be useful as an indicator to determine whether topdressing application is needed. In addition, these analytical methods are useful for getting more information from less data.
Utility of a shortened Hasegawa Dementia Scale Revised questionnaire to rapidly screen and diagnose Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gong Qian , Ishii Masaki , Numata Ouka , Xie Wenke , Hirata Takeo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of a shortened Hasegawa Dementia Scale Revised (shortened HDS‐R) questionnaire and explore its utility for the rapid screening and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsWe included 113 patients over the age of 60 years who visited our hospital from June 2018 to January 2021 including 70 subjects with AD and 43 healthy subjects. AD was diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, and the standard HDS‐R questionnaire was used as a neuropsychological examination. The shortened HDS‐R questionnaire was composed of the first seven subdomains (1 to 7) of the HDS‐R questionnaire and excluded subdomains 8 and 9. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to calculate the degree of atrophy of the whole brain, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus.ResultsThe cumulative contribution ratio of subdomains 1 to 7 of the HDS‐R questionnaire was as high as 94%, indicating that the construct validity of the shortened HDS‐R was very good. The correlation coefficient of the total scores of the shortened HDS‐R and the HDS‐R was 0.96, indicating that the criterion‐related validity was also very good. Furthermore, the shortened HDS‐R was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of atrophy in the whole brain, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, indicating that its concurrent validity was very good in relation to imaging parameters. Cronbach’s α coefficient of the shortened HDS‐R was 0.76, and the correlation coefficient of the item‐total correlation analysis was between 0.68 and 0.76, indicating that this questionnaire has high internal consistency and reliability. The total shortened HDS‐R score of the normal group (17.0 ± 1.9) was significantly higher than that of the AD group (8.6 ± 3.8), demonstrating that the total shortened HDS‐R score can be used to identify healthy individuals and patients with AD. When the cutoff score was 14 of 15, the sensitivity was 92.9% and the specificity was 88.4%. The diagnostic ability of the shortened HDS‐R was 91.2%, which indicates that it is similar to the full HDS‐R questionnaire as an AD screening tool.ConclusionAs a neuropsychological examination questionnaire for the screening and diagnosis of AD, the shortened HDS‐R had very high validity and reliability. Its sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic ability were similar to those of the gold standard HDS‐R; therefore, it can be considered a concise and useful questionnaire for AD screening and diagnosis in the older population.
Reconstruction of large‐scale flow structures in a stirred tank from limited sensor data
Authors: Mikhaylov Kirill , Rigopoulos Stelios , Papadakis George 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe combine reduced order modeling and system identification to reconstruct the temporal evolution of large‐scale vortical structures behind the blades of a Rushton impeller. We performed direct numerical simulations at Reynolds number 600 and employed proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to extract the dominant modes and their temporal coefficients. We then applied the identification algorithm, N4SID, to construct an estimator that captures the relation between the velocity signals at sensor points (input) and the POD coefficients (output). We show that the first pair of modes can be very well reconstructed using the velocity time signal from even a single sensor point. A larger number of points improves accuracy and robustness and also leads to better reconstruction for the second pair of POD modes. Application of the estimator derived at Re = 600 to the flows at Re = 500 and 700 shows that it is robust with respect to changes in operating conditions.