bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia‐induced FOXO4/LDHA axis modulates gastric cancer cell glycolysis and progression
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hong , Jiang Zhong‐Hua , Yang Hong‐Mei , Zhang Yu , Xu Li‐Hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and aimWe previously identified forkhead box (FOX) O4 mRNA as a predictor in gastric cancer (GC). However, the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to illustrate the mechanism by which FOXO4 regulated glycolysis under hypoxia in GC.MethodsFOXO4 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemical staining of 252 GC and their normal adjacent tissues. We restored or silenced FOXO4 expression in GC cell lines to explore the underlying mechanisms.ResultsFOXO4 was downregulated in GC. Loss of FOXO4 expression was validated in univariate and multivariate survival analysis as an independent prognostic predictor for overall survival (P < 0.05) and disease‐free survival (P<0.05). Restored FOXO4 expression significantly impaired the glycolysis rate in GC cells, while silencing FOXO4 expression enhanced glycolysis rate. FOXO4 expression was inversely associated with maximum standardized uptake value in mice models and patient samples. Mechanistically, FOXO4 bound to the glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)A promoter and inactivated its activity in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). Finally, we determined that FOXO4 was a transcriptional target of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) ‐1α, which is central in response to hypoxia.ConclusionsOur data suggested that FOXO4 plays a key role in the regulation of glycolysis in GC, and disrupting the HIF‐1α‐FOXO4‐LDHA axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy for GC.
Research trends in pharmacological modulation of tumor‐associated macrophages
Authors: Wang Neng , Wang Shengqi , Wang Xuan , Zheng Yifeng , Yang Bowen , Zhang Juping , Pan Bo , Gao Jianli , Wang Zhiyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play important roles in multiple solid malignancies, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. TAMs could contribute to carcinogenesis, neoangiogenesis, immune‐suppressive TME remodeling, cancer chemoresistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, reprogramming of the immune‐suppressive TAMs by pharmacological approaches has attracted considerable research attention in recent years. In this review, the promising pharmaceutical targets, as well as the existing modulatory strategies of TAMs were summarized. The chemokine–chemokine receptor signaling, tyrosine kinase receptor signaling, metabolic signaling, and exosomal signaling have been highlighted in determining the biological functions of TAMs. Besides, both preclinical research and clinical trials have suggested the chemokine–chemokine receptor blockers, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bisphosphonates, as well as the exosomal or nanoparticle‐based targeting delivery systems as the promising pharmacological approaches for TAMs deletion or reprogramming. Lastly, the combined therapies of TAMs‐targeting strategies with traditional treatments or immunotherapies as well as the exosome‐like nanovesicles for cancer therapy are prospected.
Blockchain‐based efficient communication for food supply chain industry: Transparency and traceability analysis for sustainable business
Authors: Tayal Akash , Solanki Arun , Kondal Richa , Nayyar Anand , Tanwar Sudeep , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIn recent years, blockchain (BC) networks have expanded to a broad spectrum of fields. They have garnered significant attention due to their feature of creating secure private and public networks in a decentralized manner. The traditional FSC fails to meet the customer requirements of quality, safety, reliability, transparency, and traceability. This paper proposes a novel 3‐stage methodology using principal component analysis (PCA), total iterative structural modeling (TISM), and Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement (MICMAC) analysis to develop an integrated BC with the food supply chain (FSC). The existing literature was surveyed and industry experts' opinion was gathered and various critical success factors (CSF) were identified which are associated with FSC and BC. The data collected from experts were then evaluated for data consistency and dimension reduction through PCA. The dimensionally reduced data set was analyzed by TISM and MICMAC analysis. TISM and MICMAC analysis categorizes the enabler factors according to their hierarchical level and is used to label or distinguish between dependence and driving power. The integrated methodology found nine CSFs, namely, transparent system, fraud detect, inventory management with tracking, scalability, secure system, cost reduction, safe and quality food, customer satisfaction, and government regulations, which are the main drivers for the FSC business. The paper integrates information technology, Blockchain, with operation management, supply chain. The proposed model overcomes the limitation associated with FSC and will motivate the academia and industry to adopt and achieve efficient and effective goals in this field of FSC.
Differences in mother–child and father–child RSA synchrony: Moderation by child self‐regulation and dyadic affect
Authors: Lunkenheimer Erika , Brown Kayla M. , Fuchs Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParents and preschoolers show respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony, but it is unclear how child self‐regulation and the dyadic affective climate shape RSA synchrony and how synchrony differs for mothers and fathers. We examined child average RSA, externalizing problems, and dyadic positive affect as moderators of the synchrony of dynamic, within‐epoch child and parent RSA reactivity during a challenging task. Mothers (N = 82) and fathers (N = 60) oversampled for familial risk participated with their 3‐year‐olds. For mothers, when children showed either higher externalizing or lower average RSA, negative RSA synchrony was observed as dynamic coupling of maternal RSA augmentation and child RSA withdrawal, suggesting inadequate support of the child during challenge. However, when children showed both higher externalizing and lower average RSA, indicating greater regulatory difficulties overall, positive synchrony was observed as joint RSA withdrawal. The same patterns were found for father–child RSA synchrony but instead with respect to the moderators of higher externalizing and lower dyadic positive affect. Findings suggest moderators of RSA synchrony differ by parent and shared positive affect plays a robust role in fathers’ RSA reactivity and synchrony. Mothers may be more attuned to children's regulatory capacities, whereas fathers may be more influenced by the immediate behavioral context.
Childhood socioeconomic status is prospectively associated with surface morphometry in adulthood
Authors: Dufford Alexander J. , Evans Gary W. , Liberzon Israel , Swain James E. , Kim Pilyoung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChildhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with brain cortex surface area in children. However, the extent to which childhood SES is prospectively associated with brain morphometry in adulthood is unclear. We tested whether childhood SES (income‐to‐needs ratio averaged across ages 9, 13, and 17) is prospectively associated with cortical surface morphometry in adulthood. Average childhood income‐to‐needs ratio had a positive, prospective association with cortical thickness in adulthood in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and caudal middle frontal gyrus (p < .05, FWE corrected). Childhood income‐to‐needs ratio also had a positive, prospective association with cortical surface area in adulthood in multiple regions, including the rostral and caudal middle frontal gyri and superior frontal gyrus (p < .05, FWE corrected). Concurrent income‐to‐needs ratio (measured at age 24) was not associated with cortical thickness or surface area in adulthood. The results underscore the importance of addressing poverty in childhood for brain morphological development.
Satellite data and machine learning reveal the incidence of late frost defoliations on Iberian beech forests
Authors: Olano José Miguel , García‐Cervigón Ana I. , Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , Rozas Vicente , Muñoz‐Garachana Diego , García‐Hidalgo Miguel , García‐Pedrero Ángel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClimate warming is driving an advance of leaf unfolding date in temperate deciduous forests, promoting longer growing seasons and higher carbon gains. However, an earlier leaf phenology also increases the risk of late frost defoliation (LFD) events. Compiling the spatiotemporal patterns of defoliations caused by spring frost events is critical to unveil whether the balance between the current advance in leaf unfolding dates and the frequency of LFD occurrence is changing and represents a threaten for the future viability and persistence of deciduous forests. We combined satellite imagery with machine learning techniques to reconstruct the spatiotemporal patterns of LFD events for the 2003–2018 period in the Iberian range of European beech (Fagus sylvatica), at the drier distribution edge of the species. We used MODIS Vegetation Index Products to generate a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series for each 250 × 250 m pixel in a total area of 1,013 km2 (16,218 pixels). A semi‐supervised approach was used to train a machine learning model, in which a binary classifier called Support Vector Machine with Global Alignment Kernel was used to differentiate between late frost and non‐late frost pixels. We verified the obtained estimates with photointerpretation and existing beech tree‐ring chronologies to iteratively improve the model. Then, we used the model output to identify topographical and climatic factors that determined the spatial incidence of LFD. During the study period, LFD was a low recurrence phenomenon that occurred every 15.2 yr on average and showed high spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Most LFD events were condensed in 5 yr and clustered in western forests (86.5% in one‐fifth of the pixels) located at high elevation with lower than average precipitation. Elevation and longitude were the major LFD risk factors, followed by annual precipitation. The synergistic effects of increasing drought intensity and rising temperature combined with more frequent late frost events may determine the future performance and distribution of beech forests. This interaction might be critical at the beech drier range edge, where the concentration of LFD at high elevations could constrain beech altitudinal shifts and/or favor species with higher resistance to late frosts.
Multi‐species occupancy modeling provides novel insights into amphibian metacommunity structure and wetland restoration
Authors: Hamer Andrew J. , Schmera Dénes , Mahony Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA fundamental goal of community ecology is to understand species–habitat relationships and how they shape metacommunity structure. Recent advances in occupancy modeling enable habitat relationships to be assessed for both common and rare species within metacommunities using multi‐species occupancy models (MSOM). These models account for imperfect species detection and offer considerable advantages over other analytical tools commonly used for community analyses under the elements of metacommunity structure (EMS) framework. Here, we demonstrate that MSOM can be used to infer habitat relationships and test metacommunity theory, using amphibians. Repeated frog surveys were undertaken at 55 wetland sites in southeastern Australia. We detected 11 frog species from three families (Limnodynastidae, Myobatrachidae, and Pelodryadidae). The rarest species was detected at only one site whereas the most common species was detected at 42 sites (naive occupancy rate 0.02–0.76). Two models were assessed representing two competing hypotheses; the best‐supported model included the covariates distance to the nearest site (connectivity), wetland area, presence of the non‐native eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), proportion cover of emergent vegetation, an interaction term between Gambusia and emergent vegetation cover, and the proportion canopy cover over a site. Hydroperiod played no detectable role in metacommunity structure. We found species–habitat relationships that fit with current metacommunity theory: occupancy increased with wetland area and connectivity. There was a strong negative relationship between occupancy and the presence of predatory Gambusia, and a positive interaction between Gambusia and emergent vegetation. The presence of canopy cover strongly increased occupancy for several tree frog species, highlighting the importance of terrestrial habitat for amphibian community structure. We demonstrated how responses by amphibians to environmental covariates at the species level can be linked to occupancy patterns at the metacommunity scale. Our results have clear management implications: wetland restoration projects for amphibians and likely other taxa should maximize wetland area and connectivity, establish partial canopy cover, and eradicate Gambusia or provide aquatic vegetation to mitigate the impact of this non‐native fish. We strongly advocate the use of MSOM to elucidate the habitat drivers behind animal occupancy patterns and to derive unbiased occupancy estimates for monitoring programs.
Interference competition between wolves and coyotes during variable prey abundance
Authors: Petroelje Tyler R. , Kautz Todd M. , Beyer Dean E. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterference competition occurs when two species have similar resource requirements and one species is dominant and can suppress or exclude the subordinate species. Wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans) are sympatric across much of their range in North America where white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can be an important prey species. We assessed the extent of niche overlap between wolves and coyotes using activity, diet, and space use as evidence for interference competition during three periods related to the availability of white‐tailed deer fawns in the Upper Great Lakes region of the USA. We assessed activity overlap (Δ) with data from accelerometers onboard global positioning system (GPS) collars worn by wolves (n = 11) and coyotes (n = 13). We analyzed wolf and coyote scat to estimate dietary breadth (B) and food niche overlap (α). We used resource utilization functions (RUFs) with canid GPS location data, white‐tailed deer RUFs, ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) and snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) densities, and landscape covariates to compare population‐level space use. Wolves and coyotes exhibited considerable overlap in activity (Δ = 0.86–0.92), diet (B = 3.1–4.9; α = 0.76–1.0), and space use of active and inactive RUFs across time periods. Coyotes relied less on deer as prey compared to wolves and consumed greater amounts of smaller prey items. Coyotes exhibited greater population‐level variation in space use compared to wolves. Additionally, while active and inactive, coyotes exhibited greater selection of some land covers as compared to wolves. Our findings lend support for interference competition between wolves and coyotes with significant overlap across resource attributes examined. The mechanisms through which wolves and coyotes coexist appear to be driven largely by how coyotes, a generalist species, exploit narrow differences in resource availability and display greater population‐level plasticity in resource use.
Synthesis, Structure, and Oxidative Reactivity of a Class of Thiolate‐Bridged Dichromium Complexes Featuring Antiferromagnetic Coupling Interactions
Authors: Wei Nianmin , Yang Dawei , Zhang Yixin , Wang Baomin , Qu Jingping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral thiolate‐bridged dichromium complexes with Cp* (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) as auxiliary ligands were designed and synthesized through the salt metathesis, which all contain two six‐coordinate chromium centers in the formal valence of +3. These complexes are all paramagnetic species, which are in good agreement with the experimental results that broad and paramagnetically shifted proton resonances appear in the 1H NMR spectra. Furthermore, variable‐temperature solid‐state magnetic susceptibility studies reveal the two chromium centers of these complexes are both in an S=3/2 high‐spin state with a strong antiferromagnetic coupling. Simulated values of antiferromagnetic coupling constant for these complexes are directly related to the distances of the two CrIII centers confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. In addition, in the presence of dehalogenation agent AgPF6, complexes [Cp*CrCl(μ‐SR)2CrClCp*] (3, R=Et; 4, R=iPr) and [Cp*Cr(μ‐Cl)(μ‐SEt)2CrCp*][BPh4] (5) containing easily removable chloride can achieve the catalytic oxidation of organic substrates, such as PPh3, 1,4‐cyclohexadiene and 1,2‐diphenylhydrazine under an oxygen atmosphere.
A μ4‐Oxo Bridged Tetranuclear Zinc Complex as an Efficient Multitask Catalyst for CO2 Conversion
Authors: Kumar Raman , Sahoo Subash C. , Nanda Prasant K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA tetranuclear zinc complex having formula [Zn4(L)4(μ2‐OH2)2(μ4‐O)]⋅2TEAH⋅DMF⋅4H2O (1) has been synthesized from a benzothiazole based schiff base ligand. The complex was characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques along with single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) study. The crystal structure of the complex reveals that, there is formation of a tetranuclear dianionic core having metal centers in distorted trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) geometry supported by a μ4‐oxo and two μ2‐aqua bridgings. The μ4‐oxo acquires a special position, connecting to the zinc centers in a distorted tetrahedral (Td) fashion is mainly responsible for the higher nuclearity of the complex. The complex 1 exhibited multitask catalytic ability for CO2 utilization. It acts as an efficient catalyst for the conversion of various epoxides to cyclic carbonates as well as mimics carbonic anhydrase (CA) metalloenzyme. Hydrolysis of para‐nitrophenyl acetate (p‐NPA) was used as a model reaction to evaluate the CA activity. The complex also catalyzes the formation of bicarbonate (HCO3−) from CO2 by converting CaCl2 to CaCO3.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Diynes Using Calcium Carbide as an Alkyne Source
Authors: Liu Zhenrong , Li Zheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of 1,3‐diynes from iodoarenes using calcium carbide as an alkyne source and air as an oxidant is described. A series of 1,4‐diarylbuta‐1,3‐diynes were efficiently synthesized by this strategy. The salient features of this protocol are the use of inexpensive and easy‐to‐handle alkyne source, broad substrate scope, open‐air condition, and simple operation procedure.
Cp*Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C8 C−H Alkylation of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Diazo Meldrum's Acid
Authors: Huestis Malcolm P. , Leclerc Jean‐Philippe , Larouche‐Gauthier Robin , Aubert‐Nicol Samuel , Yadav Arun , Sivamuthuraman Koilpitchai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed, site‐selective, C−H alkylation of quinoline N‐oxides at C8 using bench‐stable and commercially available diazo Meldrum's acid is reported. This straightforward protocol employs a widely available catalyst and enables the synthesis of a variety of 8‐quinolinylacetic acid esters on gram scale without necessitating the preparation and use of an excess of air‐sensitive organometallic reagents.
Precise electroosmotic flow measurements on paper substrates
Authors: Franck Nicolás , Schaumburg Federico , Kler Pablo A. , Urteaga Raúl 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel method for electroosmotic flow (EOF) measurement on paper substrates is presented; it is based on dynamic mass measurements by simply using an analytical balance. This technique provides a more reliable alternative to other EOF measurement methods on porous media. The proposed method is used to increase the amount and quality of the available information about physical parameters that characterize fluid flow on microfluidic paper–based analytical devices (μPADs). Measurements were performed on some of the most frequently used materials for μPADs, i.e., Whatman #1 , S&S, and Muntktell 00A filter paper. Obtained experimental results are consistent with the few previously reported data, either experimental or numerical, characterizing EOF in paper substrates. Moreover, a thorough analysis is presented for the quantification of the different effects that affect the measurements such as Joule effect and evaporation. Experimental results enabled, for the first time, to establish well‐defined electroosmotic characteristics for the three substrates in terms of the magnitude of EOF as funtion of pH, enabling researchers to make a rational choice of the substrate depending on the electrophoretic technique to be implemented. The measurement method can be described as robust, reliable, and affordable enough for being adopted by researchers and companies devoted to electrophoretic μPADs and related technologies.
Simulation of similar materials for dust migration in an intermediate mine heap
Authors: Huang Zhian , Zhao Xinhui , Yang Zhijun , Zhang Jun , Gao Yukun , Shao Zhenlu , Zhang Yinghua , Chen Mingli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe similar material research method was adopted in this research to study the generation and migration law of dust in the process of discharge. The study result shows that the relation between the dust concentration and discharge rate in the unloading area is c = 6.622(Mpr)0.37348 for real conditions derived from similar materials experiment, which can be verified mutually with the numerical simulation result. When the natural air flow in real conditions increased to 1.89 m/s, the dust concentration reached the maximum value, and then, the dust diffusion rate accelerated and the dust concentration decreased. The smaller the ore particle size, the larger the area of interaction with the air, and the larger the dust concentration. An increase of the ore moisture content can reduce the dust concentration and keep the dust concentration at a low level. Additionally, the moisture content of the ore powder without hardening was 4.17–8%. As the height of the intermediate mine heap increased, the dust produced by both falling and impact decreased, and the dust concentration decreased. The dust removal effect of installing the seal cover was verified. The research results can provide a reference for dust control of an intermediate mine heap.