bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative PCR assay for the detection of Aedes vigilax in mosquito trap collections containing large numbers of morphologically similar species and phylogenetic analysis of specimens collected in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Mee Peter T. , Wong Shani , Brown Karen , Lynch Stacey E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Aedes vigilax is one of the most significant arbovirus vector and pest species in Australia’s coastal regions. Occurring in multiple countries, this mosquito species occurs as a species complex which has been separated into three clades with two detected in Australia. Until recently, Ae. vigilax has largely been absent from Victoria, only occasionally caught over the years, with no reported detections from 2010 to 2016. Complicating the detection of Ae. vigilax is the shared sympatric distribution to the morphologically similar Ae. camptorhynchus, which can exceed 10,000 mosquitoes in a single trap night in Victoria. Currently, there are no molecular assays available for the detection of Ae. vigilax. We aim to develop a quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection of Ae. vigilax, with the specificity and sensitivity of this assay assessed as well as a method to process whole mosquito traps.

Methods
Trapping was performed during the 2017–2020 mosquito season in Victoria in two coastal areas across these 3 consecutive years. A qPCR assay was designed to allow rapid identification of Ae. vigilax as well as a whole mosquito trap homogenizing and processing methodology. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine which clade Ae. vigilax from Victoria was closest to.

Results
Aedes vigilax was successfully detected each year across two coastal areas of Victoria, confirming the presence of this species. The qPCR assay was proven to be sensitive and specific to Ae. vigilax, with trap sizes up to 1000 mosquitoes showing no inhibition in detection sensitivity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ae. vigilax from Victoria is associated with clade III, showing high sequence similarity to those previously collected in New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia.

Conclusions
Aedes vigilax is a significant vector species that shares an overlapping distribution to the morphologically similar Ae. camptorhynchus, making detection difficult. Here, we have outlined the implementation of a specific and sensitive molecular screening assay coupled with a method to process samples for detection of Ae. vigilax in collections with large numbers of non-target species.

Graphical abstract
The effect of aerobic exercise on interoception and cognitive function in healthy university students: a non-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amaya Yusaku , Abe Tetsuya , Kanbara Kenji , Shizuma Hisaharu , Akiyama Yasushi , Fukunaga Mikihiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundInteroception refers to the body’s physiological responses that occur in response to emotions. This phenomenon influences decision-making, an important cognitive ability that affects the maintenance of an exercise routine. However, it is controversial whether interoception is a reliable measure of an individual’s traits or their response to emotion. Given this evidence, we hypothesized that performing an exercise with positive feelings could improve interoception and that the rational decision-making capabilities acquired by improved interoception would, in turn, help in maintaining an exercise routine. Persistent aerobic exercise is essential for improving cognitive and musculoskeletal function in the long term. Therefore, we aimed to investigate changes in interoception during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at a level that might potentially improve cognitive function.MethodsWe devided 48 healthy university students into an exercise group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 11). The control group did not perform any exercises, while the exercise group performed bench step exercises at an intensity of 50% of heart rate reserve for 30 min a day, three times a week, for three months. We assessed their cognitive function by measuring their auditory information/working memory processing speed using a paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) and evaluated their interoceptive accuracy (IA) using a heartbeat tracking task at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after the start of the exercise intervention.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between IA and PASAT scores at baseline. However, exercise did not lead to a significant increase in PASAT scores of the exercise group as compared with the control group. IA scores increased at 2 and 3 months after the start of exercise only in the exercise group.ConclusionsThis preliminary study showed an improvement in interoception after persistent moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. We believe that exercise-induced improvement of interoception may facilitate exercise maintenance through improved cognitive function. Statistical analysis did not explain the non-uniformity of sample sizes, therefore, future studies should have larger sample sizes with equal subjects in each group to allow for better comparability and generalizability.Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000042891. 04/01/2021, retrospectively registered.
Observational study: handgrip strength, body composition and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Suda Naomi , Manda Chrispin , Gallagher Joshua , Wagatsuma Yukiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
Previous studies have shown that relative handgrip strength, handgrip measure divided by body mass index (BMI), affects the future onset of diabetes and prediabetes. However, fat free mass (FFM) has been suggested to adjust for this effect better than BMI. In this study, we examined applicability of models that adjusted handgrip-diabetes relationship with either BMI or FFM.

Results
Of 1940 participants (56.2% male, average (SD) age, 57.2 [11.2] years), 267 (13.8%) had diabetes (DM) and 912 (47.0%) had prediabetes (pre-DM). The average handgrip measure for men was 40.0 kg (tertile measures, 37.4 kg and 42.5 kg) and for women 24.2 kg (tertile measures, 22.6 kg and 25.7 kg). Among both sexes, the percentage of people unaffected by DM or pre-DM was highest in the strong handgrip group and lowest in the weak handgrip group. Analysis using binary logistic models showed that an increase in handgrip measure was associated with a decrease in the chance of having either pre-DM or DM. This effect was detected by both BMI models and FFM models, even after adjustment for medical and lifestyle factors. Either or both should be used depending on the research aims, setting and methods.
The first genome assembly of fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 1 isolate using Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing
Authors: Moolhuijzen Paula , See Pao Theen , Moffat Caroline S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe assembly of fungal genomes using short-reads is challenged by long repetitive and low GC regions. However, long-read sequencing technologies, such as PacBio and Oxford Nanopore, are able to overcome many problematic regions, thereby providing an opportunity to improve fragmented genome assemblies derived from short reads only. Here, a necrotrophic fungal pathogenPyrenophora tritici-repentis(Ptr) isolate 134 (Ptr134), which causes tan spot disease on wheat, was sequenced on a MinION using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), to improve on a previous Illumina short-read genome assembly and provide a more complete genome resource for pan-genomic analyses of Ptr.ResultsThe genome of Ptr134 sequenced on a MinION using ONT was assembled into 28 contiguous sequences with a total length of 40.79 Mb and GC content of 50.81%. The long-read assembly provided 6.79 Mb of new sequence and 2846 extra annotated protein coding genes as compared to the previous short-read assembly. This improved genome sequence represents near complete chromosomes, an important resource for large scale and pan genomic comparative analyses.
High-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis promotes neurodegeneration in the triple transgenic (3 × Tg) mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease associated with chronic platelet activation
Authors: Wang Min , Lv Junyan , Huang Xiaoshan , Wisniewski Thomas , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies link vascular disease risk factors such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether there are direct links between these conditions to β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and tau pathology is uncertain.

Methods
To investigate the possible link between atherosclerosis and AD pathology, we subjected triple transgenic (3 × Tg) AD mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) at 3 months of age, which corresponds to early adulthood in humans.

Results
After 9 months of treatment, HFD-treated 3 × Tg mice exhibited worse memory deficits accompanied by blood hypercoagulation, thrombocytosis, and chronic platelet activation. Procoagulant platelets from HFD-treated 3 × Tg mice actively induced the conversion of soluble Aβ40 into fibrillar Aβ aggregates, associated with increased expression of integrin αIIbβ3 and clusterin. At 9 months and older, platelet-associated fibrillar Aβ aggregates were observed to obstruct the cerebral blood vessels in HFD-treated 3 × Tg mice. HFD-treated 3 × Tg mice exhibited a greater cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) burden and increased cerebral vascular permeability, as well as more extensive neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuron loss. Disaggregation of preexisting platelet micro-clots with humanized GPIIIa49-66 scFv Ab (A11) significantly reduced platelet-associated fibrillar Aβ aggregates in vitro and improved vascular permeability in vivo.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that a major contribution of atherosclerosis to AD pathology is via its effects on blood coagulation and the formation of platelet-mediated Aβ aggregates that compromise cerebral blood flow and therefore neuronal function. This leads to cognitive decline.
Microfragmented adipose tissue is associated with improved ex vivo performance linked to HOXB7 and b-FGF expression
Authors: Casari Giulia , Resca Elisa , Giorgini Andrea , Candini Olivia , Petrachi Tiziana , Piccinno Maria Serena , Foppiani Elisabetta Manuela , Pacchioni Lucrezia , Starnoni Marta , Pinelli Massimo , De Santis Giorgio , Selleri Filippo , Catani Fabio , Dominici Massimo , Veronesi Elena 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Adipose tissue (AT) has become a source of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for regenerative medicine applications, in particular skeletal disorders. Several enzymatic or mechanical procedures have been proposed to process AT with the aim to isolate cells that can be locally implanted. How AT is processed may impact its properties. Thus, we compared AT processed by centrifugation (C-AT) to microfragmentation (MF-AT). Focusing on MF-AT, we subsequently assessed the impact of synovial fluid (SF) alone on both MF-AT and isolated AT-MSC to better understand their cartilage repair mechanisms.

Materials and methods
MF-AT and C-AT from the same donors were compared by histology and qRT-PCR immediately after isolation or as ex vivo cultures using a micro-tissue pellet system. The in vitro impact of SF on MF-AT and AT-MSC was assessed by histological staining and molecular analysis.

Results
The main AT histological features (i.e., increased extracellular matrix and cellularity) of the freshly isolated or ex vivo-cultured MF-AT persisted compared to C-AT, which rapidly deteriorated during culture. Based on our previous studies of HOX genes in MSC, we investigated the involvement of Homeobox Protein HOX-B7 (HOXB7) and its target basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in the molecular mechanism underlying the improved performance of MF-AT. Indeed, both these biomarkers were more prominent in freshly isolated MF-AT compared to C-AT. SF alone preserved the AT histological features of MF-AT, together with HOXB7 and bFGF expression. Increased cell performance was also observed in isolated AT-MSC after SF treatment concomitant with enhanced HOXB7 expression, although there was no apparent association with bFGF.

Conclusions
Our findings show that MF has a positive effect on the maintenance of AT histology and may trigger the expression of trophic factors that improve tissue repair by processed AT.
Oct4-dependent FoxC1 activation improves the survival and neovascularization of mesenchymal stem cells under myocardial ischemia
Authors: Ji Zhou , Chen Songsheng , Cui Jin , Huang Weiguang , Zhang Rui , Wei Jianrui , Zhang Shaoheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains the most promising approach for cardiac repair after myocardial infarct (MI). However, their poor survival and potential in the ischemic environment limit their therapeutic efficacy for heart repair after MI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of FoxC1-induced vascular niche on the activation of octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) and the fate of MSCs under hypoxic/ischemic conditions.

Methods
Vascular microenvironment/niche was induced by efficient delivery of FoxC1 transfection into hypoxic endothelial cells (ECs) or infarcted hearts. MSCs were cultured or injected into this niche by utilizing an in vitro coculture model and a rat MI model. Survival and neovascularization of MSCs regulated by Oct4 were explored using gene transfer and functional studies.

Results
Here, using gene expression heatmap, we demonstrated that cardiac ECs rapidly upregulated FoxC1 after acute ischemic cardiac injury, contributing to an intrinsic angiogenesis. In vitro, FoxC1 accelerated tube-like structure formation and increased survival of ECs, resulting in inducing a vascular microenvironment. Overexpression of FoxC1 in ECs promoted survival and neovascularization of MSCs under hypoxic coculture. Overexpression of Oct4, a FoxC1 target gene, in MSCs enhanced their mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndoT) while knockdown of Oct4 by siRNA altering vascularization. In a rat MI model, overexpression of FoxC1 in ischemic hearts increased post-infarct vascular density and improved cardiac function. The transplantation of adOct4-pretreated MSCs into these ischemic niches augments MEndoT, enhanced vascularity, and further improved cardiac function. Consistently, these cardioprotective effects of FoxC1 was abrogated when Oct4 was depleted in the MSCs and was mimicked by overexpression of Oct4.

Conclusions
Together, these studies demonstrate that the FoxC1/Oct4 axis is an essential aspect for survival and neovascularization of MSCs in the ischemic conditions and represents a potential therapeutic target for enhancing cardiac repair.
CIDO ontology updates and secondary analysis of host responses to COVID-19 infection based on ImmPort reports and literature
Authors: Huffman Anthony , Masci Anna Maria , Zheng Jie , Sanati Nasim , Brunson Timothy , Wu Guanming , He Yongqun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
With COVID-19 still in its pandemic stage, extensive research has generated increasing amounts of data and knowledge. As many studies are published within a short span of time, we often lose an integrative and comprehensive picture of host-coronavirus interaction (HCI) mechanisms. As of early April 2021, the ImmPort database has stored 7 studies (with 6 having details) that cover topics including molecular immune signatures, epitopes, and sex differences in terms of mortality in COVID-19 patients. The Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO) represents basic HCI information. We hypothesize that the CIDO can be used as the platform to represent newly recorded information from ImmPort leading the reinforcement of CIDO.

Methods
The CIDO was used as the semantic platform for logically modeling and representing newly identified knowledge reported in the 6 ImmPort studies. A recursive eXtensible Ontology Development (XOD) strategy was established to support the CIDO representation and enhancement. Secondary data analysis was also performed to analyze different aspects of the HCI from these ImmPort studies and other related literature reports.

Results
The topics covered by the 6 ImmPort papers were identified to overlap with existing CIDO representation. SARS-CoV-2 viral S protein related HCI knowledge was emphasized for CIDO modeling, including its binding with ACE2, mutations causing different variants, and epitope homology by comparison with other coronavirus S proteins. Different types of cytokine signatures were also identified and added to CIDO. Our secondary analysis of two cohort COVID-19 studies with cytokine panel detection found that a total of 11 cytokines were up-regulated in female patients after infection and 8 cytokines in male patients. These sex-specific gene responses were newly modeled and represented in CIDO. A new DL query was generated to demonstrate the benefits of such integrative ontology representation. Furthermore, IL-10 signaling pathway was found to be statistically significant for both male patients and female patients.

Conclusion
Using the recursive XOD strategy, six new ImmPort COVID-19 studies were systematically reviewed, the results were modeled and represented in CIDO, leading to the enhancement of CIDO. The enhanced ontology and further seconary analysis supported more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism of host responses to COVID-19 infection.
Biotrauma during ultra-low tidal volume ventilation and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock: a randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Amado-Rodríguez Laura , Del Busto Cecilia , López-Alonso Inés , Parra Diego , Mayordomo-Colunga Juan , Arias-Guillén Miguel , Albillos-Almaraz Rodrigo , Martín-Vicente Paula , López-Martínez Cecilia , Huidobro Covadonga , Camporota Luigi , Slutsky Arthur S. , Albaiceta Guillermo M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiogenic pulmonary oedema (CPE) may contribute to ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) in patients with cardiogenic shock. The appropriate ventilatory strategy remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of ultra-low tidal volume ventilation with tidal volume of 3 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW) in patients with CPE and veno–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V–A ECMO) on lung inflammation compared to conventional ventilation.MethodsA single-centre randomized crossover trial was performed in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at a tertiary university hospital. Seventeen adults requiring V–A ECMO and mechanical ventilation due to cardiogenic shock were included from February 2017 to December 2018. Patients were ventilated for two consecutive periods of 24 h with tidal volumes of 6 and 3 ml/kg of PBW, respectively, applied in random order. Primary outcome was the change in proinflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) between both ventilatory strategies.ResultsVentilation with 3 ml/kg PBW yielded lower driving pressures and end-expiratory lung volumes. Overall, there were no differences in BALF cytokines. Post hoc analyses revealed that patients with high baseline levels of IL-6 showed statistically significant lower levels of IL-6 and IL-8 during ultra-low tidal volume ventilation. This reduction was significantly proportional to the decrease in driving pressure. In contrast, those with lower IL-6 baseline levels showed a significant increase in these biomarkers.ConclusionsUltra-low tidal volume ventilation in patients with CPE and V–A ECMO may attenuate inflammation in selected cases. VALI may be driven by an interaction between the individual proinflammatory profile and the mechanical load overimposed by the ventilator.Trial registrationThe trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03041428, Registration date: 2nd February 2017).
Risk and protective factors for GBV among women and girls living in humanitarian setting: systematic review protocol
Authors: Murphy Maureen , Ellsberg Mary , Balogun Aminat , Garcia-Moreno Claudia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
While one in three women around the world are estimated to have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence, these rates are often exacerbated during conflict and humanitarian crisis. This systematic review seeks to provide an overview of existing research on risk and protective factors associated with gender-based violence (GBV) in conflict and humanitarian settings.

Methods
Studies will be searched from the following databases: PubMed (Medline); PsycINFO; Scopus; Global Health; and Cochrane Center trials registrar. In addition, targeted searches of the internet repositories for GBV will be conducted. We will include studies that are published between January 1995 and December 2020 and document risk or protective factors for gender-based violence against women and girls in conflict or humanitarian settings. Two reviewers will independently screen and extract data for the review, with a third reviewer arbitrating disputes and ensuring quality. A quality assessment of the included studies will be undertaken using a modified GRADE system. Narrative synthesis will be utilized to analyze the data.

Discussion
The results of this study will inform the design and delivery of GBV prevention programs in conflict and humanitarian settings as well as contribute to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 5. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be utilized at the World Health Organization to inform efforts to prevent GBV in conflict and humanitarian settings.

Systematic review registration
The protocol has been registered with PROSEPERO (CRD42020198695).
Functional inequalities for generalized multi-quadratic mappings
Authors: Bodaghi Abasalt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, we introduce some special several variables mappings which are quadratic in each variable and show that such mappings can be defined as a single equation that is the generalized multi-quadratic functional equation. We also apply a fixed point theorem to establish the Hyers–Ulam stability for the generalized multi-quadratic functional equations. Furthermore, we present an example and a few corollaries corresponding to some known stability results.
A solution to nonlinear Fredholm integral equations in the context of w-distances
Authors: Dhivya P. , Marudai M. , Rakočević Vladimir , Fulga Andreea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper we propose a solution to the nonlinear Fredholm integral equations in the context of w-distance. For this purpose, we also provide a fixed point result in the same setting. In addition, we provide best proximity point results. We give examples and present numerical results to approximate fixed points.
Spatiotemporal patterns induced by four mechanisms in a tussock sedge model with discrete time and space variables
Authors: Li You , Cao Jingjing , Sun Ying , Song Dan , Wu Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of a freshwater tussock sedge model with discrete time and space variables. We first analyze the kinetic system and show the parametric conditions for flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations respectively. With spatial diffusion, we then show that the obtained stable homogeneous solutions can experience Turing instability under certain conditions. Through numerical simulations, we find periodic doubling cascade, periodic window, invariant cycles, chaotic behaviors, and some interesting spatial patterns, which are induced by four mechanisms: pure-Turing instability, flip-Turing instability, Neimark–Sacker–Turing instability, and chaos.