bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring modular multiplicative divisor labeling to expand graph families
Authors: Kalarani P. , Revathi R. , Rathour Laxmi , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan 
Published: December 2024

The graph [Formula: see text] is a trivial graph consisting of a single vertex with no edges. In contrast, the graph [Formula: see text] is a complete bipartite graph with one internal node and [Formula: see text] leaf vertices. The join of two graphs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (with central vertex [Formula: see text]), represented as [Formula: see text], is a graph including vertices [Formula: see text] and edges [Formula: see text]. When two graphs, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are joined, the result is a graph in which vertex in graph [Formula: see text] is linked to every vertex in graph [Formula: see text]. Modular multiplicative divisor (MMD) labeling is a vertex and edge labeling scheme with the following key features: Vertex labeling: MMD labeling establishes a bijection between the vertices of the graph [Formula: see text] and the natural numbers from 1 to [Formula: see text]. This bijection ensures a one-to-one correspondence, providing a unique label for each vertex. Edge labeling: The labeling of edges follows a specific rule, the edge’s label is determined by calculating the result of multiplying the labels assigned to its connected vertices, with the outcome adjusted by modulo [Formula: see text]. We demonstrate the modular multiplication labeling when combining two graphs through their join (assuming [Formula: see text] is even) and also on the even arbitrary super subdivision (EASS) of the join of two graphs. Additionally, we explore a related research question that arises in this particular context. The findings have potential applications in network topology design and optimization.
Outcome Measures after Peripheral Nerve Injury: Past, Present and Future
Authors: RANDALL Zachary D. , NAVARRO Brendan , DY Christopher J. 
Published: December 2024

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) present substantial challenges due to variability in injury severity and limited regenerative capabilities. Historically, PNI research has focussed on measures such as subjective surgeon outcome grading, two-point discrimination (2PD) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system. While these methods have use, there are also limitations related to subjectivity and sensitivity. Electrophysiological studies, including electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS), provide detailed insights but are invasive and resource intensive. Currently, the landscape of outcome measurements in PNI research is diverse, incorporating a mix of surgeon-scored, patient-reported and objective measures. Advancements in wearable devices and motion-tracking technologies offer the potential for continuous, real-time monitoring of patient recovery. These innovations can provide a more comprehensive and objective view of functional recovery, moving beyond the limitations of periodic clinical assessments. The primary limitation in current PNI research is the lack of standardisation in outcome measures and the arbitrary timing of assessments. This variability complicates data interpretation and comparative effectiveness research. Standardising the selection and timing of outcome measures is crucial for enhancing the reliability of research findings and facilitating collaborative studies. Level of Evidence: Level V (Diagnostic)
Short and Medium-Term Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Partial Wrist Arthrodeses – A Systematic Review
Authors: DE LA MOTTE Genevieve L. , XU Joshua , HALASZ-VALVERDE Tahlia , GRAHAM David J. , SIVAKUMAR Brahman S. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Partial wrist arthrodesis (PWA) is a salvage procedure used in advanced wrist arthritis and has traditionally been performed via an open dorsal approach. In recent years, surgeons have moved towards arthroscopic fusions to minimise soft tissue damage and preserve vascular supply, increase union rates and hasten recovery. The purpose of this study is to synthesise the current literature on the outcomes of arthroscopic PWA. Methods: A systematic review was performed to survey the literature regarding outcomes of PWA. English language studies that reported original data and commented on at least one postoperative measure of function were eligible for inclusion. Data collected included patient demographics, operation time and technique, complications and postoperative patient outcomes in the form of patient-rated surveys, grip strength, range of motion and the pain visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion, with a total of 191 patients. 94% of patients achieved union, with a mean time to fusion of 12.5 weeks. VAS, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Mayo Wrist scores were significantly improved after the procedure, and complication rates were comparable to open procedures. Range of motion varied greatly across studies, due to heterogeneity in carpal intervals fused. Conclusions: Arthroscopic PWA is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of advanced arthritis of the wrist. Further comparative studies would be useful in assessing benefits of arthroscopic arthrodesis over an open approach. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Impact of Bifurcation Lesions on Outcomes After FFR-Guided PCI or CABG
Authors: Dillen Daimy M.M. , Otsuki Hisao , Takahashi Kuniaki , Kobayashi Yuhei , Piroth Zsolt , Noiseux Nicolas , Nakadi Badih El , Kalinauskas Gintaras , Szekely Laszlo , Davidavičius Giedrius , Teeuwen Koen , Tonino Pim A.L. , Pijls Nico H.J. , De Bruyne Bernard , Fearon William F. , Zimmermann Frederik M. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
In the era of first-generation drug-eluting stents and angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the presence of a bifurcation lesion was associated with adverse outcomes after PCI. In contrast, the presence of a bifurcation lesion had no impact on outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Therefore, the presence of a coronary bifurcation lesion requires special attention when choosing between CABG and PCI. The aim of this study is to assess whether the presence of a bifurcation lesion still influences clinical outcomes after contemporary PCI using second-generation drug-eluting stent and fractional flow reserve (FFR) guidance versus CABG.

METHODS:
The randomized FAME 3 trial (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) compared FFR-guided PCI using current drug-eluting stents with CABG in patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease. The prespecified key end point at 3-year follow-up was the composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. In this substudy, the impact of bifurcation lesions on outcomes after FFR-guided PCI and CABG was investigated.

RESULTS:

The FAME 3 trial enrolled 1500 patients and 653 (45.2%) patients had at least 1 true bifurcation lesion. There was no difference in the composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at the 3-year follow-up between patients with or without at least 1 true bifurcation lesion (11.6% versus 10.0%; hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.86–1.61];
P
=0.32), regardless of revascularization strategy. The composite end point was not statistically different between FFR-guided PCI and CABG in patients with at least 1 true bifurcation lesion (hazard ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.80–2.00]) or without a true bifurcation lesion (hazard ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 0.87–2.12]), with no significant interaction (
P
interaction
=0.81).

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease, the presence of a true bifurcation lesion was not associated with a different treatment effect after FFR-guided PCI with contemporary drug-eluting stent versus CABG.
Referral Networks, Racial Inequity, and Hospital Quality for Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Gibson C. Ben , Damberg Cheryl L. , Escarce Jose J. , Zhang Shiyuan , Schuler Megan S. , Matthews Luke J. , Popescu Ioana 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Differences in the quality of hospitals where Black and White patients receive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery have been documented. We examined the contributions of physician networks to the gap.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study of all Medicare fee-for-service Black and White patients undergoing elective CABG during 2017 to 2019; the primary care physicians and cardiologists treating them for 12 months before surgery (the patients’ physician network); and CABG-performing hospitals within 100 miles of each patient. We measured the strength of ties between treating physicians and hospitals as the number of shared prior CABG patients (24 months before surgery). Conditional logit models assessed the relationship between race, prior physician-hospital ties, and receiving CABG at hospitals with minimum versus the median-above-minimum mortality difference, while accounting for home-to-hospital distances.

RESULTS:

The study included 76 376 patients; 5.1% were Blackpatients. Black and White patients were admitted to similar mortality hospitals (3.1% versus 3.1%;
P
=0.07), but Black patients lived closer to lower-mortality hospitals than White patients (mean hospital mortality within median travel distance, 2.5% versus 2.7%;
P
<0.001). Black patients were treated less often at the lowest-mortality hospitals overall and within the median travel distance (10.5% versus 13.9% and 37.4% versus 45.1%;
P
<0.001 for both). In conditional logit models, the Black-White risk ratio of using hospitals with median versus lowest mortality was 1.02 ([95% CI, 0.98–1.06];
P
=0.18) in models including only race and hospital mortality; 1.07 ([95% CI, 1.01–1.13];
P
<0.001) in models adding home-to-hospital distances; and 1.06 ([95% CI, 0.96–1.16];
P
=0.11) in models also accounting for physician-hospital ties.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite the improvement of previously described disparities in the quality of hospitals treating Black and White patients, Black patients remain less likely to undergo CABG at their lowest available mortality hospitals, possibly due to suboptimal physician referrals.
Intercomparison of In Situ and Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Products for Global Coastal Ocean Studies
Authors: Jarugula Sreelekha , Fournier Severine , Reager J. T. , Pascolini-Campbell Madeleine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Observing coastal ocean salinity is crucial for understanding the physical and biological processes impacting ocean circulation, ecosystems, and the hydrological cycle. We perform a thorough comparison between in situ and satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) products with a focus on global coastal ocean. Between 40 and 500 km from the coastline, we intercompare SSS from more than two million World Ocean Database (WOD) salinity profiles, gridded Argo data, and satellite products: NASA Multimission Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Salinity (OISSS), 40- and 70-km Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) SMAP, Laboratory of Oceanography and Climate: Experiments and Numerical Approaches (LOCEAN) Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS), and European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) salinity. We find good agreement between the satellite products and in situ data with satellite-in situ mean differences (0.5–1.7 pss, where pss is the Practical Salinity Scale), root-mean-square differences (0.5–2.4 pss), and signal-to-noise ratios (1–3.8) generally decreasing at a faster rate from 40- to 100-km distance to the coast and remaining constant past 100 km. NASA OISSS, ESA CCI, 70-km REMSS SMAP, and LOCEAN SMOS have minimum differences with in situ observations. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis shows that all the satellite and in situ SSS compare well in capturing mode-1 and mode-2 seasonal variability but have notable differences in the amplitude of the mode-3 semiannual variability in coastal SSS. This study has implications for validation and improvement of satellite SSS and emphasizes the need for designing future satellite missions to better resolve the coastal salinity.
Domestic and external violence, parental neglect, and social sanctions among crack users: A cross-sectional study exploring the role of gender
Authors: Narvaez Joana Corrêa de Magalhães , Carvalho Josiane Rocha , Serafini Roglio Vinícius , Corrêa de Magalhães Dutra Luiza , Kessler Félix , Ventriglio Antonio , Pechansky Flavio 
Published: December 2024

Background: Substance Use Disorders are often associated with significant levels of domestic and external violence registered among abusers. This investigation aimed to evaluate the Domestic Violence Involvement (DVI) and related gender differences among Crack Cocaine Users in Brazil. Methods: For this purpose, a secondary data analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 780 Crack Cocaine Users from 6 Brazilian capitals was performed. Results: The prevalence of DVI among abusers was not different between males and females. Crack-cocaine users with DVI versus without DVI experienced significantly more aggressions and beatings as victims throughout their life (54.7% vs. 40.5%), showed greater difficulty in controlling the impulse to assault or hurt someone throughout their life (65% vs. 36.4%), higher number of physical aggressions (25.9% vs. 11.6%), car theft (27.3% vs. 16.9%), violent crimes (12.9% vs. 6.2%). Men also reported a higher prevalence of detentions/arrests (61%) than women, while women were more frequently charged over their parental powers than men. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that DVI in Crack-Cocaine users may be a potential predictor of social violence in general with no significant differences between males and females. Legal punishments remain related to the cultural role assigned to each gender with men being more likely to be detained in their lives and women being reported more for parental neglect.
Nonlinear association between admission oxygen partial pressure and in-hospital and one-year all-cause mortality in patients with coronavirus disease pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou Ruoqing , Pan Dianzhu 
Published: December 2024

Background: This study investigated the correlation between admission partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) levels and both in-hospital mortality and 1-year all-cause mortality among patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the First Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University. Restricted cubic spline regression and logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the relation between PaO2 levels and the risk of in-hospital mortality and all-cause mortality within 1 year. Subgroup analyses were performed, stratified by age, sex, presence of cardiac disease, diabetes, hypertension, whether supplemental oxygen was provided during arterial blood gas analysis, and severity of pneumonia. Results: The study included 737 participants with in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality rates of 15.7% and 26.7%, respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an L-shaped association between admission PaO2 levels and in-hospital mortality ( P nonlinear <0.001) and a U-shaped relation with 1-year all-cause mortality ( P nonlinear <0.001), with a nadir risk of 82 mmHg. Threshold analyses indicated an odds ratio of 0.931 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91–0.952) for in-hospital mortality and 0.951 (95% CI: 0.933–0.969) for 1-year all-cause mortality when PaO2 was <82 mmHg. Conversely, when PaO2 was ≥82 mmHg, the odds ratio for in-hospital mortality was 1.022 (95% CI: 0.991–1.055), and for 1-year all-cause mortality was 1.029 (95% CI: 1.004–1.054). Conclusions: This study revealed a nonlinear relation between PaO2 levels at admission and both in-hospital mortality and 1-year all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, with a notable inflection point observed at approximately 82 mmHg.
The use of dual and triple rule-out computerized tomography angiography by using diagnostic low-dose contrast material and radiation in acute chest pain
Authors: Imrek Ahmet Kerem , Hızal Mustafa , Yılmazsoy Yunus , Coşgun Zeliha 
Published: December 2024

Background Triple rule-out computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides imaging of the coronary arteries, pulmonary arteries, and thoracic aorta filled with contrast material (CM) to exclude or diagnose the pathologies of these three systems. Although dual rule-out adapted to exclude aortic and pulmonary pathologies. Iodinated CM may result in contrast-induced nephropathy, which lengthens hospital stay. Purpose To compare image quality of dual/triple rule-out CTA by reducing the radiation dose by using relatively high mAs with less contrast material and low kilovoltage without affecting the diagnostic value. Methods We acquired standard dual/triple rule-out CTA 120 kilovoltage peak (kVp) with 95 mL contrast material. The low-dose group acquired 80 Kvp with total 60 contrast material. There were 91 patients in the standard-dose group and 88 patients in the low-dose group. Results Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated separately. There was no significant difference in CNR values between the two groups in the aorta and pulmonary and coronary arteries; however, a significant difference was found in SNR values. In subjective image quality evaluation, no significant difference was found between the standard- and low-dose patients. The radiation dose was reduced by 63.80% and the contrast material by 31.5% in the low-dose group in comparison to the standard dose. Conclusion Our study showed that dual/triple rule-out CTA can be performed with low-dose radiation and low-volume contrast material. Low-dose CTA may be preferred in emergencies situations that patients with borderline renal function tests or the risk group.
Occupational-related risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive for publicly employed medical doctors in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Fonseca-Rodriguez Osvaldo , Tobjörk Emma , Jerndal Hanna , Eriksson Marie , Fors Connolly Anne-Marie 
Published: December 2024

Aims: Doctors have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by exposure to contagious patients. We aimed to identify which clinical specialities among medical doctors had the highest occupation-related risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, utilizing data for all publicly employed medical doctors in Sweden. Methods: Data regarding positive SARS-CoV-2 test results and employment for publicly employed doctors in Sweden were divided into three observation periods: 1) 1 February to 31 December 2020, 2) 1 January to 30 June 2021 and 3) 1 July 2021 to 31 March 2022. Individuals were stratified according to occupation clinic and compared with clinical occupations with little to no patient contact. The risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, with sex, age and vaccination status as covariates. Results: The study cohort included all publicly employed doctors in Sweden: 35,028 individuals. In the first period, Infectious Disease doctors had the highest incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positive tests, with an incidence of 20.2 %, compared with 8.7 % in the reference group, and an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval 2.02–3.04), which decreased during period 2–3. Doctors in Geriatric Medicine had an elevated risk throughout the whole study period. Conclusions: Our study shows an association between working in a speciality that involves caring for contagious COVID-19 patients, which raises concerns about infection control measures and routines being insufficient to prevent occupational infection in future pandemics.
Diagnostic Performance of the Maximal Systolic Acceleration for Detecting a Significant Stenosis in the Aortoiliac and Popliteal Pathway: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Willems Siem A. , Dolfing Saskia G. , van Wissen Rob C. , van der Meer Rutger W. , van Schaik Jan , van der Vorst Joost R. , Schepers Abbey , Hamming Jaap F. , Brouwers Jeroen J. W. M. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Identifying peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains challenging with currently used bedside tests. The maximal systolic acceleration (ACCmax) is a promising noninvasive parameter measured by duplex ultrasonography and reflects the arterial perfusion proximal to its measurement point. The principal aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the ACCmax for detecting significant stenosis in different arterial segments, which could be useful in clinical decision-making. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients aged 18 years and older who underwent ACCmax measurement(s) alongside computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities were qualified for inclusion. A significant stenosis was defined as a lumen reduction of more than 50% on CTA. Diagnostic accuracy of the ACCmax was investigated for the aortoiliac and popliteal arterial pathways. Results: A total of 196 patients (373 limbs) were included in the study. Diagnostic performance of the ACCmax (cut-off value of 7.70 m/s2) to detect a significant stenosis in the aortoiliac pathway showed a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 97%, positive likelihood ratio of 29.23 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.12 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.941). For the popliteal pathway (cut-off value of 6.30 m/s2), these results were 90%, 95%, 17.14 and 0.12, respectively, with an AUC of 0.958. Conclusion: The ACCmax showed a promising diagnostic accuracy for detecting a significant stenosis in the aortoiliac and popliteal pathway. Clinical Impact The maximal systolic acceleration (ACCmax) is a promising non-invasive parameter measured by duplex ultrasonography to diagnose peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and reflects the arterial perfusion proximal to its measurement point. This study focused on its diagnostic accuracy to detect a significant stenosis in the aortoiliac and popliteal pathway, which revealed to be promising with excellent sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that ACCmax measurements could play a key role in developing a new diagnostic approach for PAD.