bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN THE COORDINATE COUNTING MODE USING A TECHNICAL VISION SYSTEM
Authors: Смирнов Д.А. , Бондарев В.Г. , Тепловодский А.В. , Николенко А.В. 
Published: October 2021

Представлено обоснование использования оптико-электронной системы в качестве навигационно-измерительного комплекса. Проведен краткий анализ существующих систем навигации, применимых для беспилотного летательного аппарата, и предложен алгоритм обеспечения системы видеонаблюдения в режиме счисления координат с помощью системы технического зрения. Задачу счисления координат БЛА с использованием видеопоследовательностей изображений земной поверхности можно решить с высокой точностью с помощью бинокулярной СТЗ. Однако в случае выхода из строя одной из камер определение координат местоположения будет продолжаться с достаточной точностью для решения поставленной задачи. А недостаток измерительных средств обеспечивается за счет использования 6 особых точек земной поверхности. Поэтому предложен алгоритм определения местоположения с помощью монокулярной системы технического зрения. Для решения задачи определения местоположения выделяются и определяются координаты особых точек на изображении поверхности. Для нахождения особых точек была выполнена обработка оцифрованного изображения методом FAST-9. Так как изображение получается цветным, то процедура нахождения особых точек является надежным путем применения метода FAST-9 для двух или даже трех цветовых компонент. Данная процедура позволяет достигнуть высокой точности определения счисляемых координат БЛА. Для решения задач счисления координат предпочтительно использование методов простых итераций, Брауна или Ньютона
We present the rationale for the use of an optoelectronic system as a navigation-measuring complex. We carried out a brief analysis of existing navigation systems applicable to an unmanned aerial vehicle and propose an algorithm for providing a video surveillance system in the reckoning mode using a vision system. The problem of reckoning UAV coordinates using video sequences of images of the earth's surface can be solved with high accuracy using a binocular TVS. However, in case of failure of one of the cameras, the determination of the coordinates of the location will continue with sufficient accuracy to solve the task. And the lack of measuring instruments is ensured through the use of 6 special points of the earth's surface. Therefore, we propose an algorithm for determining the location using a monocular vision system. To solve the problem of determining the location, we selected and determined the coordinates of the singular points on the surface image. To find the special points, we processed the digitized image using the FAST-9 method. Since the image is obtained in color, the procedure for finding special points is reliable by applying the FAST-9 method for two or even three color components. This procedure allows you to achieve high accuracy in determining the reckoning coordinates of the UAV. To solve problems of reckoning coordinates, it is preferable to use the methods of simple iterations, Brown or Newton
DESIGN FEATURES OF CARBIDE ASSEMBLY WORKING ELEMENTS OF DEFORMING BROACHES
Authors: Немировский Я.Б. , Шепеленко И.В. , Шейкин С.Е. , Цеханов Ю.А. , Златопольский Ф.Й. , Попова О.И. , Попова М.И. 
Published: October 2021

Разработан алгоритм и проведена оценка прочности сборных твердосплавных элементов со сплошной и дискретной рабочими поверхностями. Получены зависимости, позволяющие установить связь между конструктивными параметрами сборных деформирующих инструментов и их прочностью. Выполнены прочностные расчеты деформирующего инструмента для обработки отверстий значительного диаметра со сплошной и дискретной рабочими поверхностями. Численным моделированием, методом конечных элементов получены распределения эквивалентных напряжений в элементах инструмента и контактных напряжений по поверхности контакта твердосплавная вставка-корпус, что позволило проанализировать прочность инструмента под нагрузкой. Определены конструктивные параметры инструмента и приведены алгоритмы последовательности расчета сборных деформирующих элементов (ДЭ). Разработан алгоритм последовательности расчета сборного ДЭ для дискретного протягивания. Предложенная конструкция сборного рабочего элемента позволяет не только улучшить обрабатываемость изделия резания, но и уменьшить расход остродефицитного твердого сплава по сравнению с твердосплавным ДЭ аналогичных размеров на 6 кг. Полученные результаты можно использовать в инженерных расчетах при проектировании сборного инструмента для дискретного деформирования, а также для оценки прочности сборных инструментов, например, фрез, зенкеров, разверток при уточнении внешних нагрузок
We developed an algorithm and assessed the strength of prefabricated carbide elements with solid and discrete working surfaces. We obtained dependencies that make it possible to establish a relationship between the design parameters of prefabricated deforming tools and their strength. We performed strength calculations of the deforming tool for machining holes of significant diameter with solid and discrete working surfaces. We obtained the distributions of equivalent stresses in the elements of the tool and contact stresses over the contact surface of the hard-alloy insert - body by numerical modeling, by the finite element method, which made it possible to analyze the strength of the tool under load. We determined the design parameters of the tool and here we give algorithms for the sequence of calculation of prefabricated deforming elements (DE). We developed an algorithm for the sequence of calculating the prefabricated DE for discrete broaching. The proposed design of the prefabricated working element allows not only to improve the machinability of the cutting product but also to reduce the consumption of an acutely deficient hard alloy in comparison with a hard alloy DE of similar dimensions by 6 kg. The results obtained can be used in engineering calculations when designing a prefabricated tool for discrete deformation, as well as for assessing the strength of prefabricated tools, for example, cutters, countersinks, reamers when specifying external loads
STUDYING THE PROCESS OF HEATING OF A PIPE BILLET DURING GAS FORMING
Authors: Боташев А.Ю. , Байрамуков Р.А. , Бисилов Н.У. , Малсугенов Р.С. 
Published: October 2021

Разработана и представлена схема нового устройства, осуществляющего штамповку деталей с нагревом трубной заготовки воздействием продуктов сгорания газообразной топливной смеси. В качестве топливной смеси может использоваться горючий газ - смесь воздуха с метаном или с пропан-бутаном. Представлены результаты исследования процесса нагрева трубной заготовки воздействием продуктов сгорания. Исследование проведено на базе уравнений конвективного теплообмена, теплового баланса и термодинамики. Получена зависимость для определения температуры нагрева трубной заготовки. Установлено, что температура заготовки зависит от материала и геометрических размеров заготовки, а также давления топливной смеси. Данное устройство обеспечивает нагрев до интервала горячей обработки стальных трубных заготовок диаметром более 150 мм при толщине стенки до 1,2…1,5 мм, а при диаметре более 300 мм - толщиной до 2,0…2,5 мм. Для нагрева трубных заготовок из цветных металлов и сплавов (например, алюминия и меди) требуется меньшее давление топливной смеси, чем для стали, благодаря этому обеспечивается нагрев заготовок значительно большей толщины, в частности, заготовок из алюминия толщиной до 6 мм
We developed a diagram of a new device for stamping parts by heating a pipe billet by the action of combustion products of a gaseous fuel mixture. A combustible gas can be used as a fuel mixture - a mixture of air with methane or with propane-butane. We present the results of a study of the process of heating a pipe billet by the action of combustion products. We carried out the study on the basis of the equations of convective heat transfer, heat balance and thermodynamics. We obtained the dependence for determining the heating temperature of the pipe billet. We found that the temperature of the workpiece depends on the material and geometric dimensions of the workpiece, as well as the pressure of the fuel mixture. This device provides heating to the hot working interval of steel pipe billets with a diameter of more than 150 mm with a wall thickness of up to 1.2 ... 1.5 mm, and with a diameter of more than 300 mm - with a thickness of up to 2.0 ... 2.5 mm. To heat tubular billets made of non-ferrous metals and alloys (for example, aluminum and copper), a lower pressure of the fuel mixture is required than for steel, due to this, billets of a much greater thickness are heated, in particular, billets made of aluminum with a thickness of up to 6 mm
Fleroff goes digital: georeferenced records from "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir" (Fleroff, 1902)
Authors: Seregin Alexey P. , Basov Yurii 
Published: October 2021

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) has uneven data coverage across taxonomic, spatial and temporal dimensions. Temporal imbalances in the data coverage are particularly dramatic. Thus, 188.3M GBIF records were made in 2020, more than the whole lot of the currently available pre-1986 electronic data. This underscores the importance of reliable and precise biodiversity spatial data collected in early times. Biological collections certainly play a key role in our knowledge of biodiversity in the past. However, digitisation of historical literature is underway, being a modern trend in biodiversity data mining. The grid dataset for the flora of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, includes many historical records borrowed from the "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir" by Alexander F. Fleroff (also known as Flerov or Flerow). Intensive study of Fleroff's collections and field surveys exactly in the same localities where he worked, showed that the quality of his data is superb. Species lists collected across hundreds of localities form a unique source of reliable information on the floristic diversity of Vladimir Oblast and adjacent areas for the period from 1894 to 1901. Since the grid dataset holds generalised data, we made precise georeferencing of Fleroff's literature records and published them in the form of a GBIF-mediated dataset.
A dataset, based on "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir. I. Pflanzengeographische Beschreibung des Gouvernements Wladimir" by Fleroff (1902), includes 8,889 records of 654 taxa (mainly species) from 366 localities. The majority of records originate from Vladimir Oblast (4,611 records of 534 taxa from 195 localities) and Yaroslavl Oblast (2,013 records of 409 taxa from 66 localities), but also from Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (942 records), Ivanovo Oblast (667 records) and Moscow Oblast (656 records). The leading second-level administrative units by the number of records are Pereslavsky District (2,013 records), Aleksandrovsky District (1,318 records) and Sergievo-Posadsky District (599 records). Georeferencing was carried out, based on the expert knowledge of the area, analysis of modern satellite images and old topographic maps. For 2,460 records, the georeferencing accuracy is 1,000 m or less (28%), whereas for 6,070 records it is 2,000 m or less (68%). The mean accuracy of records of the entire dataset is 2,447 m. That accuracy is unattainable for most herbarium collections of the late 19th century. Some localities of rare plants discovered by Fleroff and included into the dataset were completely lost in the 20th century due to either peat mining or development of urban areas.
Are Cisco and Lake Whitefish Competitors? An Analysis of Historical Fisheries in Michigan Waters of the Upper Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Rook Benjamin J. , Hansen Michael J. , Bronte Charles R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Historically, Cisco Coregonus artedi and Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis were abundant throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes, but overharvest, habitat degradation, and interactions with exotic species caused most populations to collapse by the mid-1900s. Strict commercial fishery regulations and improved environmental and ecological conditions allowed Cisco to partially recover only in Lake Superior, whereas Lake Whitefish recovered in all the upper Great Lakes (Superior, Michigan, and Huron). The differential responses of Cisco and Lake Whitefish to improved environmental and ecological conditions in lakes Michigan and Huron have led to questions about potential negative interactions between these species. To provide context for fishery managers, we tested for positive and negative correlations between historical (1929–1970) Cisco and Lake Whitefish commercial gill net catch per effort (CPE; kg/km of net) at a variety of spatial scales in Michigan waters of the upper Great Lakes. The three best-fit spatial models—LAKEWIDE, REGIONAL 10, and SIMPLE—all had similar levels of support (scaled second-order Akaike Information Criterion &lt; 3.0), and we used these models to determine whether there was a significant correlation between Cisco and Lake Whitefish CPE (positive and negative). There was either no correlation between Cisco and Lake Whitefish CPE or a positive correlation for most (12 of 13) pairwise (Cisco–Lake Whitefish) comparisons. We identified no strong positive or negative correlations in the lakewide (LAKEWIDE) or reduced (SIMPLE) models. In the regional model (REGIONAL 10), we identified strong and positive correlations between Cisco and Lake Whitefish CPE in two regions (ρ = 0.59–0.71) and a weak negative correlation in one region (ρ = −0.45). Collectively, our findings suggest that Cisco and Lake Whitefish CPE were largely independent of each other; thus, these species likely did not interact to the detriment of one another in Michigan waters of the upper Great Lakes during 1929–1970.
High Schools' Adoption of Evidence-Based Practices for the Management of Exertional Heat Stroke
Authors: Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. , Lopez Rebecca M. , Miller Kevin C. , Adams William M. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: October 2021

Context
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) deaths can be prevented by adhering to best practices.

Objective
To investigate high schools' adoption of policies and procedures for recognizing and treating patients with EHS and the factors influencing the adoption of a comprehensive policy.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants
Athletic trainers (ATs) practicing in the high school (HS) setting.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Using the National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement on exertional heat illness, we developed an online questionnaire and distributed it to ATs to ascertain their schools' current written policies for using rectal temperature and cold-water immersion. The precaution adoption process model allowed for responses to be presented across the various health behavior stages (unaware if have the policy, unaware of the need for the policy, unengaged, undecided, decided not to act, decided to act, acting, and maintaining). Additional questions addressed perceptions of facilitators and barriers. Data are presented as proportions.

Results
A total of 531 ATs completed the questionnaire. Overall, 16.9% (n = 62) reported adoption of all components for the proper recognition and treatment of EHS. The component with the highest adoption level was “cool first, transport second”; 74.1% (n = 110) of ATs described acting on or maintaining the policy. The most variability in the precaution adoption process model responses was for a rectal temperature policy; 28.7% (n = 103) of ATs stated they decided not to act and 20.1% (n = 72) stated they maintained the policy. The most frequently cited facilitator of and barrier to obtaining rectal temperature were a mandate from the state HS athletics association (n = 274, 51.5%) and resistance to or apprehension of parents or legal guardians (n = 311, 58.5%), respectively.

Conclusions
Athletic trainers in the HS setting appeared to be struggling to adopt a comprehensive EHS strategy, with rectal temperature continuing as the biggest challenge. Tailored strategies based on health behavior, facilitators, and barriers may aid in changing this paradigm.
Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Chang Hsin-Hou , Liou Yu-Shan , Sun Der-Shan 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation has been used to treat hematopoietic diseases for over 50 years. HSCs can be isolated from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord blood, or peripheral blood. Because of lower costs, shorter hospitalization, and faster engraftment, peripheral blood has become the predominant source of HSCs for transplantation. The major factors determining the rate of successful HSC transplantation include the degree of human leukocyte antigen matching between the donor and recipient and the number of HSCs for transplantation. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or combined with plerixafor (AMD3100) are clinical used methods to promote HSC mobilization from BM to the peripheral blood for HSC transplantations. However, a significant portion of healthy donors or patients may be poor mobilizers of G-CSF, resulting in an insufficient number of HSCs for the transplantation and necessitating alternative strategies to increase the apheresis yield. The detailed mechanisms underlying G-CSF-mediated HSC mobilization remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the current research on deciphering the mechanism of HSC mobilization.
A dynamical characterization for monogenity at every level of some infinite -towers
Authors: Castillo Marianela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider a concrete family of
$2$
-towers
$(\mathbb {Q}(x_n))_n$
of totally real algebraic numbers for which we prove that, for each
$n$
,
$\mathbb {Z}[x_n]$
is the ring of integers of
$\mathbb {Q}(x_n)$
if and only if the constant term of the minimal polynomial of
$x_n$
is square-free. We apply our characterization to produce new examples of monogenic number fields, which can be of arbitrary large degree under the ABC-Conjecture.
Factors Influencing the Entrustment of Resident Operative Autonomy: Comparing Perceptions of General Surgery Residents and Attending Surgeons
Authors: Senders Zachary J. , Brady Justin T. , Ladhani Husayn A. , Marks Jeffrey , Ammori John B. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
General surgery residents may be underprepared for practice, due in part to declining operative autonomy during training. The factors that influence entrustment of autonomy in the operating room are unclear.

Objective
To identify and compare the factors that residents and faculty consider influential in entrustment of operative autonomy.

Methods
An anonymous survey of 29-item Likert-type scale (1–7, 1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree), 9 multiple-choice, and 4 open-ended questions was sent to 70 faculty and 45 residents in a large ACGME-approved general surgery residency program comprised of university, county, and VA hospitals in 2018.

Results
Sixty (86%) faculty and 38 (84%) residents responded. Faculty were more likely to identify resident-specific factors such as better resident reputation and higher skill level as important in fostering entrustment. Residents were more likely to identify environmental factors such as a focus on efficiency and a litigious malpractice environment as impeding entrustment. Both groups agreed that work hour restrictions do not decrease autonomy and entrustment does not increase risk to patients. More residents considered low faculty confidence level as a barrier to operative autonomy, while more faculty considered lower resident clinical skill as a barrier. Improvement in resident preparation for cases was cited as an important intervention that could enhance entrustment.

Conclusions
Differences in perspectives exist between general surgery residents and faculty regarding entrustment of autonomy. Residents cite environmental and attending-related factors, while faculty cite resident-specific factors as most influential. Residents and faculty both agree that entrustment is integral to surgical training.
Comprehensive Reform and Greater Equity in Applying to Residency—Trainees' Mixed Responses to a Pass/Fail USMLE Step 1
Authors: Ganesh Kumar Nishant , Pontell Matthew E. , Makhoul Alan T. , Drolet Brian C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Pass/fail USMLE Step 1 score reporting may have varying implications for trainees of different demographic and training backgrounds.

Objective
To characterize the perspectives of a diverse cohort of trainees on the impact of pass/fail Step 1 score reporting.

Methods
In 2020, 197 US and international medical school deans and 822 designated institutional officials were invited to distribute anonymous electronic surveys among their trainees. Separate surveys for medical students and residents/fellows were developed based on the authors' prior work surveying program directors on this topic. Underrepresented in medicine (UiM) was defined in accordance with AAMC definitions. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed, and results were considered statistically significant with P &lt; .05.

Results
A total of 11 633 trainees responded (4379 medical students and 7254 residents/fellows; 3.3% of an estimated 285 000 US trainees). More students favored the score reporting change than residents/fellows (43% vs 31%; P &lt; .001; 95% CI 0–24). Trainees identifying as UiM were more likely to favor the change (50% vs 34%; P &lt; .001; 95% CI 0–32) and to agree it would decrease socioeconomic disparities (44% vs 25%; P &lt; .001; 95% CI 0–38) relative to non-UiM trainees. Nearly twice as many osteopathic and international medical graduate students felt they would be disadvantaged compared to MD students because of pass/fail score reporting (61% vs 31%; P &lt; .001; 95% CI 0–60).

Conclusions
Trainee perspectives regarding USMLE Step 1 score reporting are mixed. UiM trainees were more likely to favor the score reporting change, while osteopathic and international medical students were less in favor of the change.