bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The molecular mechanisms of inflammation and scarring in the kidneys of immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Schena Francesco Paolo , Rossini Michele , Abbrescia Daniela Isabel , Zaza Gianluigi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKidney biopsy is the cornerstone for the diagnosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The immunofluorescence technique evidences the IgA deposits in the glomeruli; the routine histology shows degree of active and chronic renal lesions. The spectrum of renal lesions is highly variable, ranging from minor or no detectable lesions to diffuse proliferative or crescentic lesions. Over the past three decades, renal transcriptomic studies have been performed on fresh or frozen renal tissue, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney tissue specimens obtained from archival histological repositories. This paper aims to describe (1) the transcriptomic profiles of the kidney biopsy and (2) the potential urinary biomarkers that can be used to monitor the follow-up of IgAN patients. The use of quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), microarrays and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques on renal tissue and separated compartments of the nephron such as glomeruli and tubule-interstitium has clarified many aspects of the renal damage in IgAN. Recently, the introduction of the single-cell RNA-seq techniques has overcome the limitations of the previous methods, making that it is possible to study the whole renal tissue without the dissection of the nephron segments; it also allows better analysis of the cell-specific gene expression involved in cell differentiation. These gene products could represent effective candidates for urinary biomarkers for clinical decision making. Finally, some of these molecules may be the targets of old drugs, such as corticosteroids, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone blockers, and new drugs such as monoclonal antibodies. In the era of personalized medicine and precision therapy, high-throughput technologies may better characterize different renal patterns of IgAN and deliver targeted treatments to individual patients.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Eating Disorders: What Can We Learn About Psychopathology and Treatment? A Systematic Review
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Cascino Giammarco , Barone Eugenia , Carfagno Marco , Monteleone Palmiero 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This systematic review aims to collect evidence regarding the impact of the SarsCov-2 pandemic on people affected by eating disorders (EDs) targeting the following variables: psychopathology changes, mechanisms of vulnerability or resilience, and perception of treatment modifications during the pandemic.

Recent Findings

Since the beginning of the pandemic, a mental health deterioration has been detected in the general population and especially in people affected by pre-existing psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, mental healthcare has moved toward online treatment.

Summary

ED people showed a trend toward worsening of ED-specific psychopathology and impairment in general psychopathology. The most common vulnerability mechanisms were social isolation and feelings of uncertainty, while heightened self-care and reduced social pressure were resilience factors. The online treatment, although raising many concerns related to its quality, was considered the best alternative to the face-to-face approach. These findings may support the idea that stressful events contribute to the exacerbation of ED psychopathology and highlight the relevance of internalizing symptoms in EDs. The identification of putative risk and resilience variables as well as of subjective factors affecting online treatment perception may inform healthcare professionals and may promote more personalized approaches.
How to remove expansive perennial species from sedge-dominated wetlands: results of a long-term experiment in lowland river valleys
Authors: Kołos Aleksander , Banaszuk Piotr 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrasslands belong to valuable ecosystems facing, all over Europe, a drastic decline in their range and loss of species diversity. Severe floristic transformation may result from the cessation of traditional low-input agricultural use, and consequently, the massive spread of perennial herbs and tall grasses. Invaders can quickly form dense stands and displace endemic vegetation, which results in a nearly complete turnover of phytocenoses. In European protected areas, the only legally acceptable means for suppressing alien species and native dominants within protected areas are biological methods and mowing. We investigated the effect of cutting on the presence of three megaforbs: Lysimachia vulgaris, Lythrum salicaria, and Filipendula ulmaria in fen meadows. We hypothesized that long-term, systematic management mimicking a traditional agricultural practice, would suppress the expansion of megaforbs. Management effectively stopped Lysimachia vulgaris only in marshes, where groundwater in the growing season fell deeper than 50 cm. Coverage of Lythrum salicaria fluctuated over the years, while Filipendula ulmaria did not give in to mowing pressure; on the contrary, it increased its coverage in some places. In light of the results of the long-term experiment, we conclude that mowing appeared to be low effective in preventing the spread of tall perennials. It was likely that indirect factors caused the local withdrawal of megaforbs, i.e., mowing-driven stimulation of other species’ development (e.g., Carex spp., Phragmites) that outcompete Lysimachia vulgaris.
Capturing the heterogeneity of life on the streets: A person‐centered analysis of street histories and social connections of youth
Authors: Lima Rebeca Fernandes Ferreira , Raffaelli Marcela , de Morais Normanda Araujo , Santana Juliana Prates , Koller Silvia H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe heterogeneity of street‐involved youth was examined using a person‐centered approach. Youth were classified based on patterns of street involvement and the identified profiles compared to identify theoretically coherent and practically significant differences.MethodsParticipants were 111 street‐involved youth aged 9 to 18 (M age = 14.15 years; 81.1% male, 91.1% non‐white) from three Brazilian cities. Youth completed a life history interview and structured assessment. Latent class analysis was used to identify three profiles of youth based on reasons for going to the street and connections to major developmental contexts (street, family, institutions). Profile comparisons on psychosocial variables (e.g., age, life events) and adjustment indicators (e.g., drug use, life satisfaction) were conducted using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThe largest profile (48.6%) included youth drawn to the street by drug use or trafficking, who had moderate connections to street and family. Another group (40.5%) went to the street to escape family dysfunction, and the street represented their primary developmental context. These groups differed on some psychosocial indicators but had similar patterns of adjustment. The third group of youth (10.8%) had families with a history of street involvement and maintained strong ties to all three developmental contexts. These youth had generally better adjustment than their peers (e.g., less drug use, higher life satisfaction) but had higher levels of sexual risk related to the overrepresentation of girls.ConclusionsStreet involvement is a multidetermined phenomenon that may expose young people to distinct conditions of vulnerability. Findings have implications for research, practice, and policy.
Evaluation of a hybrid antimicrobial restriction process at a large academic medical center
Authors: Smith Jesse D. , Nguyen Linh H. , Krekel Tamara , Waggoner Jerrica , Ritchie David J. , Durkin Michael J. , Hsueh Kevin , Neuner Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective review of a hybrid antimicrobial restriction process demonstrating adherence to appropriate use criteria in 72% of provisional-only orders, in 100% of provisional orders followed by ID orders, and in 97% of ID-initiated orders. Therapy interruptions occurred in 24% of provisional orders followed by ID orders.
Under threat: emotional and behavioral responses to occupational identity threat
Authors: Yang Na , Zhang Ruoyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch on identity threat has predominantly focused on the consequences of threat to some ascribed or involuntary identities, while overlooking individuals' responses to occupational identity threat. Integrating identity theory with identity threat literature, we argue that encountering occupational identity threat promotes negative emotion and feedback-seeking behavior, and negative emotion further mediates the relationship between occupational identity threat and feedback-seeking behavior. Moreover, individuals' performance self-esteem strengthens both the direct effect of occupational identity threat on negative emotion, and the indirect effect of occupational identity threat on feedback-seeking behavior through negative emotion. The results from two experimental studies and one field study provide support for these predictions. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Milk intake and incident stroke and CHD in populations of European descent: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Vissers L. E. T. , Sluijs I. , Burgess S. , Forouhi N. G. , Freisling H. , Imamura F. , Nilsson T. K. , Renström F. , Weiderpass E. , Aleksandrova K. , Dahm C. C. , Perez-Cornago A. , Schulze M. B. , Tong T. Y. N. , Aune D. , Bonet C. , Boer J. M. A. , Boeing H. , Chirlaque M. D. , Conchi M. I. , Imaz L. , Jäger S. , Krogh V. , Kyrø C. , Masala G. , Melander O. , Overvad K. , Panico S. , Sánches M. J. , Sonestedt E. , Tjønneland A. , Tzoulaki I. , Verschuren W. M. M. , Riboli E. , Wareham N. J. , Danesh J. , Butterworth A. S. , van der Schouw Y. T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigher milk intake has been associated with a lower stroke risk, but not with risk of CHD. Residual confounding or reverse causation cannot be excluded. Therefore, we estimated the causal association of milk consumption with stroke and CHD risk through instrumental variable (IV) and gene-outcome analyses. IV analysis included 29 328 participants (4611 stroke; 9828 CHD) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-CVD (eight European countries) and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) case-cohort studies. rs4988235, a lactase persistence (LP) SNP which enables digestion of lactose in adulthood was used as genetic instrument. Intake of milk was first regressed on rs4988235 in a linear regression model. Next, associations of genetically predicted milk consumption with stroke and CHD were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. Gene-outcome analysis included 777 024 participants (50 804 cases) from MEGASTROKE (including EPIC-CVD), UK Biobank and EPIC-NL for stroke, and 483 966 participants (61 612 cases) from CARDIoGRAM, UK Biobank, EPIC-CVD and EPIC-NL for CHD. In IV analyses, each additional LP allele was associated with a higher intake of milk in EPIC-CVD (β = 13·7 g/d; 95 % CI 8·4, 19·1) and EPIC-NL (36·8 g/d; 95 % CI 20·0, 53·5). Genetically predicted milk intake was not associated with stroke (HR per 25 g/d 1·05; 95 % CI 0·94, 1·16) or CHD (1·02; 95 % CI 0·96, 1·08). In gene-outcome analyses, there was no association of rs4988235 with risk of stroke (OR 1·02; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·05) or CHD (OR 0·99; 95 % CI 0·95, 1·03). Current Mendelian randomisation analysis does not provide evidence for a causal inverse relationship between milk consumption and stroke or CHD risk.
Introduction: Is a Military Really Worth Having?
Authors: Balint Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJust war theory has traditionally focused onjus ad bellum(the justiceofwar) andjus in bello(justiceinwar). What has been neglected is the question ofjus ante bellum, or justicebeforewar. In particular: Under what circumstances is it justifiable for a polity topreparefor war by militarizing? When (if ever) and why (if at all) is it morally permissible or even obligatory to create and maintain the potential to wage war? What are the alternatives to the military? And if we do have militaries, how should they be arranged, trained, and equipped? These considerations are not about whether warmakingis justified, but about whether warbuildingis justified.InEthics, Security, and the War-Machine, Ned Dobos argues that we have not sufficiently calculated the true (noneconomic) costs of the military, and that if we did, having a standing defense force would not seem like as good an idea. Dobos pushes us to reflect on something we have taken for granted: that one of the biggest institutions in our society, which is supposed to keep us safe and allow us to lead our own lives, may in fact pose great dangers and risks to us physically, morally, and culturally. The essays in this symposium take Dobos's work as a starting point and show the importance, complexity, and richness of this new strand of ethical inquiry.
Reduced Legal Equality of Combatants in War
Authors: Gisbertz-Astolfi Philipp 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe focus on the moral rights of combatants in the ethics of war ignores a very important point: although morally unjust combatants cannot be considered moral equals to just combatants, especially with regard to the right to kill, there are sound moral reasons why the laws of war should accept a kind of equality between them, a concept referred to as “reduced legal equality.” Reduced legal equality is not about equal moral rights but about granting legal immunity to combatants for their conduct in accordance with the laws of war. This article shows that reduced legal equality of combatants is not only the morally best legal regulation in our nonideal international world but also the correct interpretation of international law.
Discriminatory Immigration Bans Elicit Anti-Americanism in Targeted Communities: Evidence from Nigerian Expatriates
Authors: Erlich Aaron , Soehl Thomas , Chen Annie Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDo discriminatory US immigration policies affect foreign public opinion about Americans? When examining negative reactions to US actions perceived as bullying on the world stage, existing research has focused either on US policies that involve direct foreign military intervention or seek to influence foreign countries’ domestic economic policy or policies advocating minority representation. We argue that US immigration policies – especially when they are perceived as discriminatory – can similarly generate anti-American sentiment. We use a conjoint experiment embedded in a unique survey of Nigerian expatriates in Ghana. Comparing respondents before and after President Trump surpisingly announced a ban on Nigerian immigration to the United States, we find a large drop (13 percentage points) in Nigerian’s favorability towards Americans.
Flows, Transport, and Effective Drag in Intertidal Salt Marsh Creeks
Authors: Ortals Collin , Cordero Orlando , Valle‐Levinson Arnoldo , Angelini Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntertidal creeks (channel width <5 m) weave through salt marshes, delivering water, nutrients, and sediments into the marsh interior and affecting spatial heterogeneity in plant and animal distributions. Despite their global prevalence, creek connectivity, and the mechanisms controlling cross‐marsh hydrodynamics, remain poorly resolved. In this study, we measured flow and total suspended solids transport in three intertidal creeks within a confined drainage basin in a Georgia, USA salt marsh. We discovered that the effective drag is 3–12 times greater than bed drag, reaching levels similar to those observed in coral reefs. Furthermore, the drag between tidal flood and ebb phases differs, indicating an asymmetric drag. Analyses of along‐channel momentum reveal that pressure gradient m/s2 and friction m/s2 dominate creek momentum balance. Divergence in tidal and suspended solids transport between adjacent creeks revealed contrasting tidal transport asymmetries (i.e., flood or ebb dominated) within this confined basin. We discuss how these differences may alter the eco‐geospatial evolution of salt marshes and their response to sea‐level rise.
Fronto-limbic neural variability as a transdiagnostic correlate of emotion dysregulation
Authors: Kebets Valeria , Favre Pauline , Houenou Josselin , Polosan Mircea , Perroud Nader , Aubry Jean-Michel , Van De Ville Dimitri , Piguet Camille 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmotion dysregulation is central to the development and maintenance of psychopathology, and is common across many psychiatric disorders. Neurobiological models of emotion dysregulation involve the fronto-limbic brain network, including in particular the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neural variability has recently been suggested as an index of cognitive flexibility. We hypothesized that within-subject neural variability in the fronto-limbic network would be related to inter-individual variation in emotion dysregulation in the context of low affective control. In a multi-site cohort (N = 166, 93 females) of healthy individuals and individuals with emotional dysregulation (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD)), we applied partial least squares (PLS), a multivariate data-driven technique, to derive latent components yielding maximal covariance between blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability at rest and emotion dysregulation, as expressed by affective lability, depression and mania scores. PLS revealed one significant latent component (r = 0.62, p = 0.044), whereby greater emotion dysregulation was associated with increased neural variability in the amygdala, hippocampus, ventromedial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral PFC, insula and motor cortex, and decreased neural variability in occipital regions. This spatial pattern bears a striking resemblance to the fronto-limbic network, which is thought to subserve emotion regulation, and is impaired in individuals with ADHD, BD, and BPD. Our work supports emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic dimension with neurobiological underpinnings that transcend diagnostic boundaries, and adds evidence to neural variability being a relevant proxy of neural efficiency.
SIRT3 protects bovine mammary epithelial cells from heat stress damage by activating the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Xiao-Chun , Wang Yue , Zeng Han-Fang , Xi Yu-Meng , Lin Hong , Han Zhao-Yu , Chen Kun-Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith global warming, heat stress has become an important challenge for the global dairy industry. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an important mitochondrial NAD+dependent decarboxylase and a major regulator of cellular energy metabolism and antioxidant defense, is integral to maintaining normal mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of SIRT3 on damage to bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) induced by heat stress and to explore its potential mechanism. Our results indicate that SIRT3 is significantly downregulated in heat-stressed mammary tissue and high-temperature-treated BMECs. SIRT3 knockdown significantly increased the expression of HSP70, Bax, and cleaved-caspase 3 and inhibited the production of antioxidases, thus promoting ROS production and cell apoptosis in BMECs. In addition, SIRT3 knockdown can aggravate mitochondrial damage by mediating the expression of genes related to mitochondrial fission and fusion, including dynamin-related protein 1, mitochondrial fission 1 protein, and mitochondrial fusion proteins 1and 2. In addition, SIRT3 knockdown substantially decreased AMPK phosphorylation in BMECs. In contrast, SIRT3 overexpression in high-temperature treatment had the opposite effect to SIRT3 knockdown in BMECs. SIRT3 overexpression reduced mitochondrial damage and weakened the oxidative stress response of BMECs induced by heat stress and promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK. Taken together, our results indicate that SIRT3 can protect BMECs from heat stress damage through the AMPK signaling pathway. Therefore, the reduction of oxidative stress by SIRT3 may be the primary molecular mechanism underlying resistance to heat stress in summer cows.
Next-generation ensemble projections reveal higher climate risks for marine ecosystems
Authors: Tittensor Derek P. , Novaglio Camilla , Harrison Cheryl S. , Heneghan Ryan F. , Barrier Nicolas , Bianchi Daniele , Bopp Laurent , Bryndum-Buchholz Andrea , Britten Gregory L. , Büchner Matthias , Cheung William W. L. , Christensen Villy , Coll Marta , Dunne John P. , Eddy Tyler D. , Everett Jason D. , Fernandes-Salvador Jose A. , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Galbraith Eric D. , Gascuel Didier , Guiet Jerome , John Jasmin G. , Link Jason S. , Lotze Heike K. , Maury Olivier , Ortega-Cisneros Kelly , Palacios-Abrantes Juliano , Petrik Colleen M. , du Pontavice Hubert , Rault Jonathan , Richardson Anthony J. , Shannon Lynne , Shin Yunne-Jai , Steenbeek Jeroen , Stock Charles A. , Blanchard Julia L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProjections of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems have revealed long-term declines in global marine animal biomass and unevenly distributed impacts on fisheries. Here we apply an enhanced suite of global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (Fish-MIP), forced by new-generation Earth system model outputs from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), to provide insights into how projected climate change will affect future ocean ecosystems. Compared with the previous generation CMIP5-forced Fish-MIP ensemble, the new ensemble ecosystem simulations show a greater decline in mean global ocean animal biomass under both strong-mitigation and high-emissions scenarios due to elevated warming, despite greater uncertainty in net primary production in the high-emissions scenario. Regional shifts in the direction of biomass changes highlight the continued and urgent need to reduce uncertainty in the projected responses of marine ecosystems to climate change to help support adaptation planning.
Novel HLA-B7-restricted human metapneumovirus epitopes enhance viral clearance in mice and are recognized by human CD8+ T cells
Authors: Miranda-Katz Margot , Erickson John J. , Lan Jie , Ecker Alwyn , Zhang Yu , Joyce Sebastian , Williams John V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract illness in children and adults. Repeated infections are common and can be severe in young, elderly, and immunocompromised persons due to short-lived protective humoral immunity. In turn, few protective T cell epitopes have been identified in humans. Thus, we infected transgenic mice expressing the common human HLA MHC-I allele B*07:02 (HLA-B7) with HMPV and screened a robust library of overlapping and computationally predicted HLA-B7 binding peptides. Six HLA-B7-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified using ELISPOT screening in the F, M, and N proteins, with M195–203 (M195) eliciting the strongest responses. MHC-tetramer flow cytometric staining confirmed HLA-B7 epitope-specific CD8+ T cells migrated to lungs and spleen of HMPV-immune mice. Immunization with pooled HLA-B7-restricted peptides reduced viral titer and protected mice from virulent infection. Finally, we confirmed that CD8+ T cells from HLA-B7 positive humans also recognize the identified epitopes. These results enable identification of HMPV-specific CD8+ T cells in humans and help to inform future HMPV vaccine design.