bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation study of the effects of foehn winds on white head incidences in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Asano Yuki , Kusaka Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have elucidated that white heads and chalky rice are caused by hot, dry and strong winds at night. However, these studies have only used synoptic weather charts and near‐surface observation data to confirm the role of foehn in white head occurrences. This study used a high‐resolution three‐dimensional numerical weather prediction model to show that strong foehn effects induced a significant number of white heads in rice in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The model accurately predicted and represented the location and timing of the observed white heads, occurring only in a limited area (87.1 ha) on the southwest side of Mt. Chokai during the nighttime. Specifically, the simulated nocturnal (transpiration forcing) continuously exceeded 30 at that location. This high was caused by high temperature (>24°C), strong wind speed (>8 m s−1) and low humidity (<65%) caused by the strong foehn winds descending over the southwest slope of the mountain. In the other areas, did not exceed 30 because either wind speed, water vapour deficit or both were insufficiently high.
High‐resolution neural network‐driven mapping of multiple diffusion metrics leveraging asymmetries in the balanced steady‐state free precession frequency profile
Authors: Birk Florian , Glang Felix , Loktyushin Alexander , Birkl Christoph , Ehses Philipp , Scheffler Klaus , Heule Rahel 
Published: December 2021

We propose to utilize the rich information content about microstructural tissue properties entangled in asymmetric balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) profiles to estimate multiple diffusion metrics simultaneously by neural network (NN) parameter quantification. A 12‐point bSSFP phase‐cycling scheme with high‐resolution whole‐brain coverage is employed at 3 and 9.4 T for NN input. Low‐resolution target diffusion data are derived based on diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo echo‐planar‐imaging (SE‐EPI) scans, that is, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, and RD), fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as the spherical coordinates (azimuth Φ and inclination ϴ) of the principal diffusion eigenvector. A feedforward NN is trained with incorporated probabilistic uncertainty estimation. The NN predictions yielded highly reliable results in white matter (WM) and gray matter structures for MD. The quantification of FA, AD, and RD was overall in good agreement with the reference but the dependence of these parameters on WM anisotropy was somewhat biased (e.g. in corpus callosum). The inclination ϴ was well predicted for anisotropic WM structures, while the azimuth Φ was overall poorly predicted. The findings were highly consistent across both field strengths. Application of the optimized NN to high‐resolution input data provided whole‐brain maps with rich structural details. In conclusion, the proposed NN‐driven approach showed potential to provide distortion‐free high‐resolution whole‐brain maps of multiple diffusion metrics at high to ultrahigh field strengths in clinically relevant scan times.
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity after cholecystectomy: A population‐based study
Authors: Gan Da , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Xiaochen , Kang Qingcong , Lu Zhonghua , Jia Menghan , Ru Yuan , He Xi , Mou Yun , He Wei , Zhu Shankuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the associations of cholecystectomy with low muscle mass, low muscle strength, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity.MethodsThis population‐based study included data from 4,909 participants aged 18 to 80 years. History of cholecystectomy was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography. Muscle mass was evaluated using a dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scan, and muscle strength was evaluated using an electronic hand dynamometer. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of both low muscle mass and low muscle strength. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate the associations of cholecystectomy with low muscle mass, low muscle strength, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity.ResultsParticipants with history of cholecystectomy were more likely than those without to have low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and sarcopenia. Furthermore, compared with cholecystectomy that occurred within 7 years (7 years is the median interval between cholecystectomy and the physical examination), participants with cholecystectomy that occurred more than 7 years ago had higher odds of sarcopenia. Finally, whether obesity was defined by BMI or body fat percentage, cholecystectomy was positively associated with sarcopenic obesity.ConclusionsCholecystectomy is associated with low muscle mass, low muscle strength, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity.
Reducing Alcohol‐Related Violence with Bartenders: A Behavioral Field Experiment
Authors: Ham Andrés , Maldonado Darío , Weintraub Michael , Camacho Andrés Felipe , Gualtero Daniela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates the randomized Good Drinks program in four localities of Bogotá, Colombia. The intervention encourages bartenders to adopt standardized practices that promote responsible behavior in terms of alcohol consumption with the goal of reducing alcohol‐related violence and was implemented in cooperation with Colombia's largest brewery and the city's Secretariat of Security, Coexistence, and Justice. Tracing out the relationship between alcohol consumption and violence is useful because alcohol‐related incidents often lead to more serious crimes. Our experimental design allows estimating direct and spillover effects on reported incidents within and around bars. Results show that bartenders in treatment locations sell more water and food, thus contributing to more responsible behavior by patrons. However, we find no direct or spillover effects of these changes in consumption on brawls five months after the program, but some improvement on other alcohol‐related incidents. The experience of the Good Drinks program provides a better understanding of three aspects related to alcohol regulation and policy: (i) the role bartenders can play to curb excessive alcohol consumption and promote good behavior among customers, (ii) a practical experience of using less restrictive interventions for alcohol regulation, and (iii) the value of public‐private partnerships.
Improving mechanical toughness and mold resistance of bamboo/high‐density polyethylene composites by pretreatment with the fungus Trametes versicolor
Authors: Liu Xin , Liang Ganbo , Wu Xianzhang , Wang Wang , Zhu Yuan , Yang Suwen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMechanical toughness and mold resistance of bamboo–plastic composites (BPCs) are essential for the application on structural materials. However, limited work has used biological methods to improve these properties of BPCs. In this study, the white‐rot fungus Trametes versicolor was selected to modify bamboo fibers by short‐term incubation. Modified bamboo fibers were then used to reinforce high‐density polyethylene to prepare BPCs. Compared to the unmodified BPCs, the BPCs pre‐treated with T. versicolor showed increases in elongations at break and impact strength, and these increases became more obvious with the incubation time increased. The improved mechanical toughness was assumed to the selective removal of lignin reduced rigidity of raw materials, and the increase of specific surface areas and pore volumes enhanced mechanical interlocking of the composites. Surfaces of BPC pretreated for 15 days were free of mold spores, yielding mold inhibition efficiency of up to 100%. It suggests that metabolism of reducing sugars would efficiently improve the mold resistance of BPCs. A novel, eco‐friendly bioprocess for modifying the interface between bamboo and plastic was successfully established, and it allows BPCs to be widely applied in the field of outdoor living structures.
Impact on In‐ and Out‐of‐Hospital Drug Prescriptions of Including a More Expensive Me‐Too Antidepressant in a Hospital Drug Formulary: a Controlled Longitudinal Study
Authors: Carracedo‐Martínez Eduardo , Vázquez‐Mourelle Raquel , Figueiras Adolfo , Piñeiro‐Lamas María 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of the inclusion of a more expensive me‐too medicine in a hospital drug formulary (HDF) on both in‐ and out‐of‐hospital utilization, and the contextual factors which influence this type of induction is rarely studied. Accordingly, this work aimed to quantify the effect of the decision of a hospital of including a more expensive me‐too antidepressant in its HDF.MethodsA controlled longitudinal study was carried out in a Regional Health Service of Spain. We performed a segmented regression analysis with control group. We used the following dependent variables: defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day, DDD per 100 bed days, and cost per DDD.ResultsAt a hospital level, the modification in the formulary led to utilization changes: (1) an increase in immediate consumption of the newly included me‐too drug; and, (2) an annual 25.96% [95% CI: 2.96%–48.95%] decrease in the adjusted trend of the already existing parent antidepressant. The adjusted trend of the cost per DDD of the sum of all medications in the therapeutic group increased by 20.03% annually [95% CI: 3.24%–36.82%]. In the out‐of‐hospital setting utilization changes were: (1) the adjusted trend of the newly included me‐too drug rose by 12.14% annually [95% CI: 4.97%–19.30%]; and, (2) that of the parent drug underwent a negative change in trend of 4.18% annually [95% CI: 0.00%–8.36%].ConclusionsThe inclusion of a more expensive me‐too drug in the HDF led to increased consumption of this more expensive me‐too drug both in‐ and out‐of‐hospital.
Analytical comparison of absolute quantification strategies to investigate the insulin signaling pathway in fat cells
Authors: Li Tingting , Hentschel Andreas , Ahrends Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSo far, mass spectrometry‐based targeted proteomics is the most sensitive approach to answer and address specific biological questions in an accurate and quantitative fashion. However, the data analysis design used for such quantification varies in the field leading to discrepancies in the reported values. In this study, different quantification strategies based on calibration curves were evaluated and compared. The best accuracy and coefficient of variation was achieved by ratio to ratio calibration curves. We applied the ratio to ratio quantification approach to analyze very low abundant insulin signaling proteins such as PIK3RA (0.10–0.93 fmol/μg), AKT1 (0.1–0.39 fmol/μg), and the insulin receptor (0.22–2.62 fmol/μg) in a fat cell model and demonstrated the adaptation of this pathway at different states of insulin sensitivity.
Corticosteroids in the prevention and treatment of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Part I. systemic corticosteroids
Authors: Szabó Hajnalka , Baraldi Eugenio , Colin Andrew A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most significant respiratory complication of prematurity, and its consequences last from birth into adulthood. Unfortunately, the dramatic improvements in the management of premature infants have not led to a decreased incidence of BPD, or to breakthroughs in treatments offered for this long‐lasting chronic respiratory disorder. Over recent decades the pathological picture of BPD has changed from inflammation, interstitial fibrosis and emphysema attributed to volu‐, barotrauma and oxygen toxicity to larger, simplified alveoli and dysmorphic vessels related to arrested alveolarization and vasculogenesis with inflammation maintaining a central role. Corticosteroids (CSs) play a key role in the development of respiratory epithelial cells and lung maturation. These potent anti‐inflammatory agents have long been used for the prevention and treatment of BPD; however, the risk/benefit ratio of their use remains unresolved. CSs administered antenatally have contributed to reduce mortality and respiratory distress syndrome, no such effect on BPD reduction has been observed. Postnatal systemic CSs reduced the rate and severity of BPD, yet their long‐term neurodevelopmental and respiratory consequences markedly limit routine administration. This is the first in a two‐part State‐of‐the‐Art series that reviews the latest relevant clinical trials investigating the short‐term and long‐term effects of CSs in the prevention and treatment of BPD.
MRI‐detectability and histological factors of prostate cancer including intraductal carcinoma and cribriform pattern
Authors: Mikoshi Ayako , Miyai Kosuke , Hamabe Fumiko , Edo Hiromi , Ito Keiichi , Matsukuma Susumu , Tsuda Hitoshi , Shinmoto Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistopathological characteristics affecting the detectability of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the histopathology between MRI‐detectable and MRI‐undetectable cancers, emphasizing intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) and predominant Gleason pattern 4 subtype.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study enrolled 153 consecutive patients with 191 lesions who underwent preoperative multiparametric MRI and subsequent radical prostatectomy. MRI/histopathological findings and area fractions of histological components (cancer cells, stroma, and luminal spaces) of MRI‐detectable and MRI‐undetectable cancers were compared. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact, independent t, or Mann–Whitney U tests.ResultsOverall, 148 (77%) and 43 (23%) cancers were MRI‐detectable and MRI‐undetectable, respectively. MRI‐detectable cancers were significantly larger than MRI‐undetectable cancers (p = 0.03). The percentage of lesions in Grade Group 3 or higher was significantly higher among MRI‐detectable cancers than among MRI‐undetectable cancers (p = 0.02). MRI detectability of csPCa was associated with increases in relative area fractions of cancer cells (p < 0.001) and decreases in those of stroma (p < 0.001) and luminal spaces (p < 0.001) in prostate cancer (PCa) than the percentage of Gleason pattern 4 (p = 0.09). The percentage of lesions containing IDC‐P was similar for MRI‐detectable and MRI‐undetectable cancers (40% vs. 33%; p = 0.48). The distribution of cribriform gland subtypes was not significantly different between MRI‐detectable and MRI‐undetectable Gleason pattern 4 subtype cancers (p > 0.99). Contrarily, the ratio of fused gland subtype was significantly higher in MRI‐detectable than in MRI‐undetectable cancers (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the ratio of poorly‐formed gland subtype was significantly higher in MRI‐undetectable than in MRI‐detectable cancers (p = 0.01).ConclusionsMRI detectability of csPCa is strongly associated with the relative area fractions of cancer cells, stroma, and luminal spaces in PCa rather than conventional histopathological parameters. Neither the presence nor the percentage of IDC‐P affected MRI detectability.
In‐depth analysis of amino acid and nucleotide sequences of Hsp60: How conserved is this protein?
Authors: Tikhomirova Tatyana S. , Matyunin Maxim A. , Lobanov Michail Yu , Galzitskaya Oxana V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChaperonin Hsp60, as a protein found in all organisms, is of great interest in medicine, since it is present in many tissues and can be used both as a drug and as an object of targeted therapy. Hence, Hsp60 deserves a fundamental comparative analysis to assess its evolutionary characteristics. It was found that the percent identity of Hsp60 amino acid sequences both within and between phyla was not high enough to identify Hsp60s as highly conserved proteins. However, their ATP binding sites are largely conserved. The amino acid composition of Hsp60s remained relatively constant. At the same time, the analysis of the nucleotide sequences showed that GC content in the Hsp60 genes was comparable to or greater than the genomic values, which may indicate a high resistance to mutations due to tight control of the nucleotide composition by DNA repair systems. Natural selection plays a dominant role in the evolution of Hsp60 genes. The degree of mutational pressure affecting the Hsp60 genes is quite low, and its direction does not depend on taxonomy. Interestingly, for the Hsp60 genes from Chordata, Arthropoda, and Proteobacteria the exact direction of mutational pressure could not be determined. However, upon further division into classes, it was found that the direction of the mutational pressure for Hsp60 genes from Fish differs from that for other chordates. The direction of the mutational pressure affects the synonymous codon usage bias. The number of high and low represented codons increases with increasing GC content, which can improve codon usage. Special server has been created for bioinformatics analysis of Hsp60: http://oka.protres.ru:4202/.
Hooded broadcast sprayer for particle drift reduction
Authors: Canella Vieira Bruno , Coura Oliveira Maxwel , Sousa Alves Guilherme , Golus Jeffrey A , Schroeder Kasey , Smeda Reid J , Rector Ryan J , Kruger Greg R , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is renewed interest amongst crop protection professionals and regulators in the adoption of spray hoods to further reduce pesticide off‐target movement during applications. Although the benefits of sprayer hoods have been reported since the early 1950s, adoption has been relatively low among farmers and applicators. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spray hoods in reducing pesticide drift of spray solutions from nozzles typically used for herbicide applications in row crops with tolerance to dicamba or 2,4‐D.RESULTSHooded applications substantially reduced spray drift potential across all treatment scenarios compared to conventional applications. Hooded applications using the AIXR nozzle without drift‐reducing adjuvant (DRA) had a similar area under the drift curve (31.5) compared to conventional applications (open sprayer) using the TTI nozzle with DRA (27.7), despite the major droplet size differences between these treatments (DV50 = 447.5 and 985 μm, respectively).CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the adoption of spray hoods combined with proper nozzle selection, and the use of DRAs can substantially reduce spray drift potential during pesticide applications. The use of this technology can be complementary to other drift‐reducing technologies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Availability and security analysis of business‐critical systems: A case study of e‐commerce business process
Authors: Mamdikar Mohan Rao , Kumar Vinay , Singh Pooja , Chandra Subhash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBusiness critical systems (BCS) are those systems whose failure may lead to loss of business or damage to reputation in the market. This is often due to the interruption of service caused by the system being unusable. Therefore, non functional requirements (NFRs) such as availability and security play a crucial role during the development of BCS to mitigate impact to the risk. Nowadays, E‐commerce businesses contribute a significant amount to the GDP of any country. Availability of such systems should be high as well as these systems should be secured against threats. Therefore, in this work, a framework is proposed for the availability analysis during the design phase of the BCS. Also, an approach is used for the security analysis of BCS. A case study of the E‐commerce business system is taken to illustrate our framework.
The influence of Ti plasma etching pre‐treatment on mechanical properties of DLC film on cemented carbide
Authors: Li Chao , Huang Lei , Yuan Juntang , Zhou Di 
Published: December 2021

The pre‐treatment of substrate surface had been a key part of DLC film preparation to improve mechanical and tribological properties. Ti plasma etching pre‐treatment was investigated in this paper as a new effective surface pre‐treatment method to substitute transition layer. This pre‐treatment used high‐energy Ti plasma to impact substrate surface. Ti plasma etched the substrate to a depth of 407 nm and increased the roughness from 1.36 to 40.39 nm. A trace layer of substrate, together with cobalt, oxides, and other impurities, was removed. Ti plasma broke some top WC crystals and combined with the free carbon ions separating from the substrate. A DLC film was deposited on the etched surface. Compared with DLC films deposited on the untreated substrate and Ti transition layer, the DLC film on the Ti plasma etched substrate had best adhesion strength of 34.14 N. The three DLC films had the same sp3 bonding carbon content, but Ti plasma etching treatment could promote the formation of sp3 bonds on the interface of substrate and DLC film. This DLC film had low friction coefficient of 0.12 and low wear rate of 5.11 × 10−7 mm3/m·N. In summary, Ti plasma etching pre‐treatment could significantly improve the adhesion of DLC film and keep its excellent tribological properties.
Bone‐bearing coprolites from the Upper Triassic of India: ichnotaxonomy, probable producers and predator–prey relationships
Authors: Rakshit Nibedita , Ray Sanghamitra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple spiral and non‐spiral cylindrical coprolites with profuse bone inclusions were recovered from a metoposaurid‐dominated bonebed in the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India. The spiral coprolites are assigned to two new ichnotaxa based on amphipolar and heteropolar micropolar coilings. The non‐spiral coprolites are internally devoid of any spiral structure, mostly cylindrical, except for a few, which are ellipsoidal. All of these coprolites contain randomly scattered inclusions of partly digested and undigested skeletal fragments. Based on external and internal morphology, and the type of inclusions, the probable producers of these coprolites are considered to have been carnivorous and/or piscivorous, and included different types of chondrichthyans, dipnoans and actinopterygians, as well as various semiaquatic and terrestrial tetrapods. A web‐like interconnectedness is evident, which highlights dynamic and highly diverse animal communities inhabiting the terrestrial, semiaquatic and aquatic realms and dissolution of the inter‐realm boundaries in the Upper Triassic Tiki palaeoecosystem.
Becoming a JEDI statistician
Authors: Ziliak Stephen T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractJEDI stands for justice, equity, diversity and inclusion. JEDI is a global movement, with networks connecting academic, business and grass roots organizations. A definition of ‘JEDI statistics’ and ‘impermissible inequality’ is proposed and illustrated with stories from government work, university teaching and academic research regarding race, ethics and social justice in statistics. I recently had the pleasure of discussing these ideas on a panel with Wendy Martinez, Safiya Umoja Noble, Donna LaLonde and participants in a plenary session of SDSS 2021, ‘Equitable and Inclusive Data and Technology’. I thank them for their comments, and Wendy Martinez, notably (https://ww2.amstat.org/meetings/sdss/2021/onlineprogram/AbstractDetails.cfm?AbstractID=309823). There are in front of us unlimited possibilities for good by exploring the Venn diagram‐overlaps of JEDI philosophy and statistics, JEDI and economic statistics, JEDI and department culture; JEDI medicine, JEDI coding, JEDI wealth and ownership, JEDI history and the historians of statistics, and so forth, striding towards our future for an antiracist and inclusive statistics and society. (To explain a little more, in 1996, I earned a PhD Certificate in the Rhetoric of the Human Sciences at the same time I completed the PhD in Economics. I teach Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, too, and since 2007, I have taught annually a course on ‘Theories of Justice in Economics and Philosophy’ to PhD, MA and BA students at Roosevelt University and in short courses at several universities in Europe.)