bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case study: Estimating the occurrence of sea water intrusion using geoelectrical method in Pangandaran district
Authors: Yuliatmoko R S , Kurniawan T , Sunardi B , Hardy T , Martha A A , Rohadi S , Riama N F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Research to find out intrusion in Pangandaran is very interesting, because this area is close to coastal objects that has been expanding and leading tourist attraction in West Java, Indonesia. This intrusion information is useful to determine aquifer locations which indicate below that the location is saturated water. If this aquifer locations are detected in large areas and wide volume, then this location will have potential liquefaction during a big earthquake. This research could be used as the first step before the next research to measure and calculate on either location by detail grid and radius with these 2 lines, so it is gotten direct and large distribution of sea-water intrusion. The purpose of this study is to identify the subsurface structures to get an overview of sea-water intrusion. The method used is geoelectrical based on the electrical resistance value of the rock type. The results of the measurement of 2 lines and data processing showed that the line in Pesona Park Pangandaran and the line in SMPN 1 Soccer Field Pangandaran showed the presence of sea-water intrusion that very salty with a resistance value of 0.5-2.0 ohm-meter, at a depth of 19-20 meters.
Understanding important variables for mode preference; A Case study of intercity land mode
Authors: Roza A , Karim M R , Rusli A N , Rusli A M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to describe factors that influenced the mode preference for intercity land movement in Malaysia. Bus and train as intercity land public transport service was observed during the construction of the ETS (Electric Train Service) project in Malaysia. This study adopted a qualitative research study using the Revealed Preferenced data and crosstabs procedure. The reliability test has been used over 17 questionnaire items to measure the consistency of the questionnaire. The result indicated that the overall reliability of the questionnaire is reliable. To evaluate the adequacy of the sample size, the factor analysis had conducted. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s test value is significant, which measures verified the sampling adequacy for the sample analysis. This research highlighted that the variable of fare, travel time, mode accessibility, departure frequency, and mode availability are some important attributes that influenced bus user preference for intercity land movement. Learning a lesson from the KL- Ipoh corridor, the completion of the ETS double-tracking project is predicted to affect the bus mode’s ridership in the KL - Penang corridor. This finding can be beneficial for setting future strategy on particular intercity modal goals.
The performance service evaluation of Sibinuang regular passenger train
Authors: Adji B M , Wahyuni S , Yosritzal  , Fashalli A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Regular Sibinuang train is one of the railway bases of public transportation, which is serving passengers of Padang – Pariaman corridor, from Padang Station in Padang to the Gandohria station in Pariaman. While PM No. 48 of 2015 regulates the Minimum Passenger Service Standards (SPM) of passenger railways. It needs to be investigated whether the services of the Regular Sibinuang passenger train are in accordance with the SPM. Three hundred respondents are obtained by distributing questionnaires to Sibinuang (Regular) train passengers. The parameters observed in this study were 26 attributes. The analysis was conducted by using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. This method compares the level of importance with the level of satisfaction (performance), which is separated into four quadrants. As the result, there are five attributes included in quadrant IV. Those attributes are ‘the availability of CCTV cameras,’ ‘the availability of toilets which have good air circulation,’ ‘the availability of a handle for standing passengers,’ ‘the availability of station information to be passed in sequence, and the availability of facilities for disabled passengers.’ The results of the analysis in this quadrant should be the primary reference for PT. KAI Regional Division II West Sumatra as the main priority to immediately improve.
Sustainable affordable Housing Delivery System (HDS); A comparative study of Indonesia and United Kingdom best practices
Authors: Monika M P , Suraji A , Hardi J , Ferial R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Every country has its way to provide a Housing Delivery System (HDS). The law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2011 explained that the government provides and facilitates the people on housing and human settlement through the National Affordable Housing Program (NAHP) and One Million Houses Program. The United Kingdom’s government is improving the quality and quantity of properties for renting and also providing housing support for vulnerable people based on the Housing and Regeneration Act 2008. The ambition of adding one million new homes by 2020 is very attractive. Indonesia and the United Kingdom have the same aims at planning and building better places to live for everyone with affordable prices. Although the countries got a similar program, the housing delivery system in Indonesia needs to transform for a better achievement of its housing delivery system. This study will be focusing on Housing Delivery System (HDS) differences between Indonesia and the United Kingdom for sustainable affordable housing programs. The objective of this study is to identify the differences between housing delivery systems in Indonesia and the United Kingdom for affordable housing. This study aims at investigating the comparative analysis of data about housing delivery systems in Indonesia and the United Kingdom. This study will provide valuable information to improve the housing delivery system in Indonesia based on the United Kingdom for affordable and social housing.
The implementation of reproductive health program during the flash flood disaster in Sijunjung, West Sumatra in 2018
Authors: Nursal D G A , Aprianty  , Halawa S P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Disaster has negative impacts on the reproductive health conditions of disaster victims, especially for vulnerable groups, namely increased maternal and neonatal deaths, increased risk of cases of sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the reproductive health program in the flash flood disaster in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra in 2018. The research was conducted qualitatively with a systems approach in the form of input, process and output. Determination of informants were done by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, FGDs, and document review. The results showed the input component: there was no regional regulation on reproductive health programs during a disaster, there were no special personnel for reproductive health, adequate funds, adequate facilities and infrastructure. Process components: no activity planning, no special reproductive health team, data collection has been carried out, needs assessments have been carried out, reproductive health services are available, monitoring has been carried out regularly. Output component: lack of information regarding the existence of reproductive health services during a disaster to the community so that the services provided are not optimal. The implementation of reproductive health programs during the flash flood disaster in Sijunjung Regency has not been optimal in terms of input, process and output. It is hoped that the head of the Sijunjung Regency Health Office will improve the implementation of the reproductive health program during the disaster.
CPTU results at a silt test site in Norway: effect of cone penetrometer type
Authors: Paniagua P , Lunne T , Gundersen A , L’Heureux J-S , Kåsin K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Five different cone penetrometers from different manufacturers have been used in comparative testing program at the Norwegian GeoTest site (NGTS) on silt in Halden, Norway. The influence of cone type on the standard CPTU parameters is quantified. The corrected cone resistance shows approximately the same level of scatter as the penetration pore pressure, but far less scatter compared to the sleeve friction. Most of the tests show good repeatability within each series of tests. For the derived parameters of normalized friction ratio (Fr) and pore pressure parameter (Bq), the scatter is seen to be larger than the measured parameters which is expected from combining several parameters with scatter. The pore pressure parameter shows less scatter than the normalized friction ratio. An attempt has been made to understand the reasons for the large variations on the friction measurements and recommendations for future CPTU testing on silt are given.
Using SHANSEP for verification of unreliable piezocone data in clays
Authors: D’Ignazio M , Lehtonen V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The evaluation of the undrained stability of old embankments on soft clays relies upon the accurate modelling of undrained shear strength in the subsoil. It is vital to account for the effects of consolidation to determine the increased shear strength below the embankment. The CPTU test is a fast in-situ test that provides continuous measurements with depth and can be easily performed through the embankment to evaluate the strength increase. The interpretation of undrained shear strength from CPTU requires the selection of cone factors, which are normally based on laboratory or in-situ (e.g. field vane) tests or empirical correlations. However, CPTU measurements can be negatively affected if the test is poorly executed or if the apparatus lacks proper calibration. This paper discusses how the SHANSEP empirical model for clays can be used to verify the reliability of the available CPTU measurements in a given site investigation case. Further, the paper attempts to provide insights into the selection of empirical cone factors for modelling undrained shear strength for embankment stability. The SHANSEP model describes the undrained shear strength of clays in terms of normalized properties, where the soil strength is defined by means of the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) and two material coefficients that require empirical calibration. The applicability of the method is presented for a case study from Western Finland, where CPTU testing was carried out both on the side and underneath an old railway embankment. The results of the study are exploited to suggest recommendations for engineering practice.
Strength and deformation characterization of Norwegian organic cohesive soil (gyttja)
Authors: Holstad Ø. B. , Degago S.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In several road projects in western Norway, it is common to encounter a soil consisting of mineral soils with an organic part and high water content. The organic soil is referred to as gyttja and the organic part originates from remains of plants and animals rich in fats and proteins. It is common to find up to 14 m thick soil layers containing gyttja. The amount of organic content is much lower than peats however this is observed to significantly alter the engineering property of mineral soils involving clay and silt. However, there exists no systematic study on characterization of strength and deformation properties of gyttja in Norway. As a result, it is a common practice to excavate and replace such soils. However, this shall not be a viable engineering solution as removal of organic soils gives a significant CO2 emission. This implies that it is important to find ways to deal with such types of soils apart from always replacing them. To achieve this, it is essential to establish engineering properties for characterization of strength and deformation behaviour of gyttja. This research work thus focuses on looking at these aspects based on extensive field and laboratory tests. Effect of cement as a stabilization method to improve strength is also experimentally looked at. Results are also compared with available data from literature documenting other countries experiences with organic soils. This work presents and discusses main trends, correlations and characteristics related to strength and deformation behaviours of Norwegian gyttja.
Large deformation failure analysis of slopes using the smoothed particle finite element method
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Mattsson Hans , Laue Jan , Zhang Xue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSlope instability and landslides can be catastrophic events leading to loss of lives and properties. To prevent and assess the risks of slope failures, it is often desired that the dynamic process of the slope failure can be simulated, which is difficult with the classic Finite Element Method (FEM). In this study, the smoothed particle finite element method is developed based on the popular and efficient FEM. A numerical example with a slope model is employed to demonstrate the capacity of the proposed approach. An elastoplastic material model based on the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion is used. The run out distance and failure mass is recorded which paves a way of being able to better quantify slope failure consequence and risk.
Stability of the Gunneklev Fjord sediments
Authors: Le T M H , Rønning S , Moseid M , Lacasse S , Eek E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The seabed of the Gunneklev Fjord, with exceptionally soft contaminated sediment, is to be capped. The sediment, containing, among others, mercury and dioxins mixed with natural mud, has an undrained shear strength less than 1 kPa and thickness up to 2.5 m. To reduce the potential for leaching of mercury and dioxin from these sediments, Hydro Energy AS developed a remediation plan for Gunneklev Fjord which includes capping of the contaminated sediment with either sand or a mixture of sand and active charcoal. This paper presents an assessment of the risk associated with the cap placement over the contaminated sediment. The potential for the cap causing sliding of the sediment, which could re-expose even more severely contaminated layers and spread the contaminated material, was analysed deterministically and probabilistically. The sediment’s undrained shear strength and thickness and the cap thickness were modelled as random variables. The deterministic analyses gave a safety factor over 3. The probabilistic analyses indicated, however, that the probability of sliding can be high for areas where the seabed inclination is steeper than 1:50, and if the average undrained shear strength is less than 0.4 kPa. The analyses highlight the importance of careful cap placement on the sloping seabed of the fjord, and the need to control the cap thickness. The analyses were used to support decision-making on the design of the cap and the placement method.
Modelling the railway induced ground vibrations in soft soil areas of Western Finland
Authors: Pelho A , Mansikkamäki J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The vibrations induced by railway are a major problem in Western Finland’s soft soil areas, where the residential areas are located near railway. FTIA started to investigate the problem and together with VR-Transpoint, they organized extensive test drives in the Kokemäki-Pori railway. The rolling stock was brought to test drives from Russia. The test drives were monitored and the measured data is used in this study for the 2D modelling of the vibration phenomena. The main goal of this study was to investigate the resulting vibrations at various train speeds at particular site in 2D FE model. The study focuses on the frequency of the input load and the output vibration. The track-embankment-ground system has a frequency response to the input load, which can be assumed to be the natural frequency of the subsoil. The natural frequencies can be calculated with response analyses. With good assumption of the natural frequencies of the ground, the model can be used to discover which frequencies of the input load causes harmful vibration in the railroad environment. The train speed affects to the frequencies of the input load. The model can also be used to find the certain speed of a certain rolling stock, which will cause the certain frequency that will propagate and cause harmful vibrations in a certain soft soil areas.
Impact of installation on the recovery of the bearing capacity of displacement piles in sensitive clay
Authors: Yannie Jorge , Karlsson Mats , Dijkstra Jelke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Deep foundations are essential for the soft soil deposits that are ubiquitous in the Nordic countries. Precast driven displacement piles are commonly used, due to the ease of installation and their low cost. The stiffness and strength of the clay surrounding the piles will change during and after the pile installation process. This paper presents an effective stress based numerical framework that elaborates the pile set-up and pile ageing mechanisms observed empirically. For the trial case studied, it is demonstrated that the magnitude of the increase in axial bearing capacity over time is strongly linked to the pile installation stage. Furthermore, it is found that classic effective stress based soil mechanics concepts readily describe the observed behaviour.
In-situ ballast condition assessment by tamping machine integrated measurement system
Authors: Barbir O , Adam D , Kopf F , Pistrol J , Antony B , Auer F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The condition of the ballast bed is one of the most important parameters to be determined in order to assure a safe and economical operation of railway systems. Better knowledge of ballast condition provides an advantage in defining the optimum time for ballast bed cleaning or renewal. State of the art ballast condition quantification methods all require in-situ ballast sampling followed by laboratory tests, reducing track availability and making additional track closure necessary, thus making the determination of ballast condition a time-consuming and challenging task. The tamping process is the core maintenance activity in ballasted track and it is crucial for the economical service life of the track and essential in restoring the track geometry for safe train operations. During the tamping process, the tamping tines interact with the ballast matrix, transferring the displacement caused by the dynamic excitation to the ballast, compacting it under the sleeper. This interaction is observed and measured in-situ within the framework of a research project presented in this paper. Lateral forces and compaction energy, together with the loading and unloading response of the ballast matrix during compaction are used to determine the ballast condition. Serving as a confirmation of the ballast condition definitions made based on the in-situ measurements, a semi-analytical model of the tamping unit-ballast matrix interaction has been developed. The mechanical model is used to simulate different ballast conditions in order to optimize the ballast life cycle and improve the understanding of ballast behaviour under cyclic loading.
A management tool to reduce the risk of damage caused by geotechnical groundworks
Authors: Piciullo L , Bekele Y , Depina I , Nadim F , Langford J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A qualitative risk management tool, developed in the R&D project “BegrensSkade” [1], was recently updated in the R&D “REMEDY”-project [2] to include quantitative risk analysis. The tool contributes to the main objective of REMEDY to reduce the risk of damage to neighbouring structures caused by groundwork, as well as developing practical tools for risk assessment and management for the industry, to aid decision making. The tool is programmed in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and implemented in Excel spreadsheet software to emphasize usability among non-experts. The risk methodology implemented in the tool is based on the risk management framework described in the ISO 31000 guidelines [1]. This paper provides a tool overview describing the qualitative and quantitative procedures. The tool has been employed in several projects. The recent upgrades further simplify and improve its use, hopefully also expanding the use amongst project stakeholders. The tool can be downloaded from the project web page: https://www.ngi.no/eng/ProiectsBegrensSkade-II-REMEDY-Risk-Reduction-of-Groundwork-Damage/Risk-management-tools. Currently, only the qualitative procedure has been validated and is available for downloading. The quantitative procedure, after a test period, will be formally released and integrated into the tool.
Identification of seawater intrusion using geoelectrical resistivity method in the Goa Cina Beach Malang Area, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan M F R , Fransiska C D , Suaidi D A , Wisodo H , Martina N , Rahmat A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Seawater intrusion can cause groundwater that is looked fresh initially but becomes brackish and even salty. It makes decreasing the quality of groundwater in the area. The Goa Cina Beach, Malang has a geological structure of rock in limestone, sand, and gravel. These rocks have greater porosity, so that the potential to pass water or water infiltration is also quite large, both freshwater and saltwater. Starting from these problems, it is needed to identify groundwater distribution that is not affected by the seawater intrusion process. The geoelectric method effectively determines geological parameters such as depth of bedrock, minerals, fluids, and shallow exploration to identify groundwater aquifers. Data acquisition was carried out using the geoelectrical resistivity method with Wenner configuration with three measurement points. Furthermore, the data processing used Res2dinv Software. The results showed that the measured resistivity value between 0.01000-501 Ωm with a maximum depth of 19.9 meters. The seawater intrusion distribution is assumed to be on lines 1 and 2 at an average depth of 10-19.9 meters with a resistivity value of 0.01000-0.230 Ωm. At the same time, the area that is not expected to experience seawater intrusion is on Line 3. The making of wells for coastal areas needs to consider the distance from the shoreline and rock porosity for minimizing the potential for seawater intrusion.
Classification of soil quality using K-Nearest Neighbors methods
Authors: Ratih I D , Retnaningsih S M , Dewi V M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe damage or deterioration of the material due to reaction with the environment is called corrosion. The corrosive of soil can cause natural disasters such as landslides. Soil corrosivity is a serious problem in industrial and infrastructure activities. Soil corrosivity is also a problem at PT. IPMOMI, because of the large number of metal pipes that are planted underground which functions to drain fluid in the form of seawater as the main material for steam production. PT. IPMOMI wants to install metal pipes underground, Therefore PT. IPMOMI requires information about the status of soil corrosivity at that location. To overcome soil corrosivity, PT. IMOMI will install cathodic protection on the soil with high corrosivity. One of the efforts to deal with this problem is by mapping the subsurface corrosion zone. Before mapping the corrosion zone, it is necessary to know the level of soil corrosivity whether it is very high, high, medium, low, or very low. So that to determine the level of soil corrosivity whether very high, high, medium, low, or very low, a classification method is needed. In this study, the classification method used is the nonparamteric classification method, namely K Nearest Neigbors. The results of classification accuracy were 83.3% and variable chargebility had a higher contribution than the depth level in the classification model.