bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supratentorial vs infratentorial posterior calvarial distraction osteogenesis for the increase of ICV in children with syndromic or multi-suture craniosynostosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sharman Jack , Rodrigues Desiderio , McGuirk Simon , Panikkar Mohini , Nishikawa Hiroshi , Dover Steve , Evans Martin , White Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Craniosynostosis is the premature and pathological fusion of calvarial sutures. One modality of surgical treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis is posterior calvarial distraction (PCD). This can be either supratentorial or infratentorial. Currently, supratentorial PCD may be regarded as safer but produces a smaller increase in calvarial volume compared to infratentorial PCD. This study quantifies and compares the effectiveness of supratentorial and infratentorial PCD to help guide surgical decision-making.

Methods
The CT and/or MRI scans of 47 cases of craniosynostosis who underwent PCD from the Birmingham Children’s Hospital (BCH) were converted to sagittal series multi-planar reformatted (MPR) scans for the manual calculation of ICV. The 47 cases were classified as having undergone either supratentorial or infratentorial PCD using lateral plain film radiographs, with 28 and 32 pairs of pre- and post-operative CT/MRI scans reviewed respectively.

Results
A statistically significant difference between supratentorial and infratentorial PCD was observed for the increase in supratentorial volume (STV) (P = 0.0458) and total intracranial volume (TICV) (P = 0.0437), but not for the increase in infratentorial volume (ITV) (P = 0.0697). The relationship for each volume trended towards convergence but was not achieved before the physical limit of 30 mm distraction had been reached. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for agreement of MRI and CT scans for STV, ITV and total ICV were 0.852, 0.864 and 0.854 respectively.

Conclusion
Our evidence suggests that supratentorial PCD is more effective for increasing ICV in a clinical setting. CT and MRI imaging modalities are acceptably clinically interchangeable for calculating ICV in craniosynostosis.
Prebiotic dietary fibre intervention improves fecal markers related to inflammation in obese patients: results from the Food4Gut randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Neyrinck Audrey M. , Rodriguez Julie , Zhang Zhengxiao , Seethaler Benjamin , Sánchez Cándido Robles , Roumain Martin , Hiel Sophie , Bindels Laure B. , Cani Patrice D. , Paquot Nicolas , Cnop Miriam , Nazare Julie-Anne , Laville Martine , Muccioli Giulio G. , Bischoff Stephan C. , Walter Jens , Thissen Jean-Paul , Delzenne Nathalie M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeInulin-type fructans (ITF) are prebiotic dietary fibre (DF) that may confer beneficial health effects, by interacting with the gut microbiota. We have tested the hypothesis that a dietary intervention promoting inulin intakeversusplacebo influences fecal microbial-derived metabolites and markers related to gut integrity and inflammation in obese patients.MethodsMicrobiota (16S rRNA sequencing), long- and short-chain fatty acids (LCFA, SCFA), bile acids, zonulin, and calprotectin were analyzed in fecal samples obtained from obese patients included in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received either 16 g/d native inulin (prebioticn = 12)versusmaltodextrin (placebon = 12), coupled to dietary advice to consume inulin-richversusinulin-poor vegetables for 3 months, in addition to dietary caloric restriction.ResultsBoth placebo and prebiotic interventions lowered energy and protein intake. A substantial increase inBifidobacteriumwas detected after ITF treatment (q = 0.049) supporting our recent data obtained in a larger cohort. Interestingly, fecal calprotectin, a marker of gut inflammation, was reduced upon ITF treatment. Both prebiotic and placebo interventions increased the ratio of tauro-conjugated/free bile acids in feces. Prebiotic treatment did not significantly modify fecal SCFA content but it increased fecal rumenic acid, a conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9,trans-11 CLA) with immunomodulatory properties, that correlated notably to the expansion ofBifidobacterium(p = 0.031;r = 0.052).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that ITF-prebiotic intake during 3 months decreases a fecal marker of intestinal inflammation in obese patients. Our data point to a potential contribution of microbial lipid-derived metabolites in gastro-intestinal dysfunction related to obesity.ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT03852069 (February 22, 2019 retrospectively, registered).
Diet quality indices and dietary patterns are associated with plasma metabolites in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Geijsen Anne J. M. R. , Kok Dieuwertje E. , van Zutphen Moniek , Keski-Rahkonen Pekka , Achaintre David , Gicquiau Audrey , Gsur Andrea , Kruyt Flip M. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Weijenberg Matty P. , de Wilt Johannes H. W . , Wesselink Evertine , Scalbert Augustin , Kampman Ellen , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J. B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Emerging evidence suggests that diet is linked to survival in colorectal cancer patients, although underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary exposures are associated with metabolite concentrations in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods
Concentrations of 134 metabolites of the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit were quantified in plasma samples collected at diagnosis from 195 stage I-IV colorectal cancer patients. Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) dietary recommendations and the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD15) index as well as to construct dietary patterns using Principal Component Analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine associations between dietary exposures and metabolite concentrations. All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, analytical batch, cancer stage, and multiple testing using false discovery rate.

Results
Participants had a mean (SD) age of 66 (9) years, were mostly men (60%), and mostly diagnosed with stage II and III cancer. For the dietary pattern analyses, Western, Carnivore, and Prudent patterns were identified. Better adherence to the WCRF dietary recommendations was associated with lower concentrations of ten phosphatidylcholines. Higher intake of the Carnivore pattern was associated with higher concentrations of two phosphatidylcholines. The DHD15-index, Western pattern, or Prudent pattern were not associated with metabolite concentrations.

Conclusion
In the current study, the WCRF dietary score and the Carnivore pattern are associated with phosphatidylcholines. Future research should elucidate the potential relevance of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in the colorectal cancer continuum.

Clinical trial registry
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03191110.
Peripandemic psychiatric emergencies: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients according to diagnostic subgroup
Authors: Seifert Johanna , Meissner Catharina , Birkenstock Anna , Bleich Stefan , Toto Sermin , Ihlefeld Christian , Zindler Tristan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOn March 11th, 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic. Governments took drastic measures in an effort to reduce transmission rates and virus-associated morbidity. This study aims to present the immediate effects of the pandemic on patients presenting in the psychiatric emergency department (PED) of Hannover Medical School. Patients presenting during the same timeframe in 2019 served as a control group. A decrease in PED visits was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic with an increase in repeat visits within 1 month (30.2 vs. 20.4%, pBA = 0.001). Fewer patients with affective disorders utilized the PED (15.2 vs. 22.2%, pBA = 0.010). Suicidal ideation was stated more frequently among patients suffering from substance use disorders (47.4 vs. 26.8%, pBA = 0.004), while patients with schizophrenia more commonly had persecutory delusions (68.7 vs. 43.5%, pBA = 0.023) and visual hallucinations (18.6 vs. 3.3%, pBA = 0.011). Presentation rate of patients with neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders increased. These patients were more likely to be male (48.6 vs. 28.9%, pBA = 0.060) and without previous psychiatric treatment (55.7 vs. 36.8%, pBA = 0.089). Patients with personality/behavioral disorders were more often inhabitants of psychiatric residencies (43.5 vs. 10.8%, pBA = 0.008). 20.1% of patients stated an association between psychological well-being and COVID-19. Most often patients suffered from the consequences pertaining to social measures or changes within the medical care system. By understanding how patients react to such a crisis situation, we can consider how to improve care for patients in the future and which measures need to be taken to protect these particularly vulnerable patients.
Exogenous carbohydrate and regulation of muscle carbohydrate utilisation during exercise
Authors: Malone James J. , Hulton Andrew T. , MacLaren Don P. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Carbohydrates (CHO) are one of the fundamental energy sources during prolonged steady state and intermittent exercise. The consumption of exogenous CHO during exercise is common place, with the aim to enhance sporting performance. Despite the popularity around exogenous CHO use, the process by which CHO is regulated from intake to its use in the working muscle is still not fully appreciated. Recent studies utilizing the hyperglycaemic glucose clamp technique have shed light on some of the potential barriers to CHO utilisation during exercise. The present review addresses the role of exogenous CHO utilisation during exercise, with a focus on potential mechanisms involved, from glucose uptake to glucose delivery and oxidation at the different stages of regulation.

Methods
Narrative review.

Results
A number of potential barriers were identified, including gastric emptying, intestinal absorption, blood flow (splanchnic and muscle), muscle uptake and oxidation. The relocation of glucose transporters plays a key role in the regulation of CHO, particularly in epithelial cells and subsequent transport into the blood. Limitations are also apparent when CHO is infused, particularly with regards to blood flow and uptake within the muscle.

Conclusion
We highlight a number of potential barriers involved with the regulation of both ingested and infused CHO during exercise. Future work on the influence of longitudinal training within the regulation processes (such as the gut) is warranted to further understand the optimal type, dose and method of CHO delivery to enhance sporting performance.
Semantic embedding for regions of interest
Authors: Paul Debjyoti , Li Feifei , Phillips Jeff M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe available spatial data are rapidly growing and also diversifying. One may obtain in large quantities information such as annotated point/place of interest (POIs), check-in comments on those POIs, geo-tagged microblog comments, and demarked regions of interest (ROI). All sources interplay with each other, and together build a more complete picture of the spatial and social dynamics at play in a region. However, building a single fused representation of these data entries has been mainly rudimentary, such as allowing spatial joins. In this paper, we extend the concept of semantic embedding for POIs (points of interests) and devise the first semantic embedding of ROIs, and in particular ones that captures both its spatial and its semantic components. To accomplish this, we develop a multipart network model capturing the relationships between the diverse components, and through random-walk-based approaches, use this to embed the ROIs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this embedding at simultaneously capturing both the spatial and semantic relationships between ROIs through extensive experiments. Applications like popularity region prediction demonstrate the benefit of using ROI embedding as features in comparison with baselines.
Analysis and mapping quantitative trait loci for histidine content in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using microsatellite markers
Authors: Yan Lingfang , Yang Xiaomeng , Sun Zhenghai , Du Juan , Pu Xiaoying , Yang Jiazhen , Zeng Yawen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMining the gene of histidine content in barley grain helps with the breeding of functional barley varieties. The study constructed a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) containing 193 families derived from the cross between Ziguangmangluoerling (ZGMLEL) (♀) and Schooner No.3 (♂). The histidine (HIS) content in the grain of the mapping population and its parents were determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer. The HIS content of ZGMLEL was 0.53 mg/g. The grain HIS content of Schooner No. 3 was 0.21 mg/g, and the grain HIS content of population ranged from 0.23 to 0.54. Genetic linkage maps, including those of seven chromosomes of barley, were constructed by using 180 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, with a total genetic distance of 2671.03 cM and average marker spacing of 14.84 cM. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) IciMappingV3.3 was used to analyze QTL of HIS content in barley grains, and three QTLs were detected. Mapping results showed that the three loci were located on chromosomes 2H, 4H, and 7H, respectively. The major QTL with a contribution rate of 10.11% was located on barley chromosome 4H (HVBAMMGB84-BMAG0808). The additive effect is positive (0.025). Thus, it comes from the high-value parent ZGMLEL. Another major QTL with a contribution rate of 13.75% was located on barley chromosome 7H (GBM1303-GMS056). The minor QTL with a contribution rate of 6.01% was located on chromosome 2H (Scssr03381-Scssr07759). The additive effects of 4H and 7H QTLs were negative (− 0.02 and − 0.033). So, they came from the male parent Schooner. The results provided a reference for further fine mapping, cloning, and transformation of HIS genes in barley grains.
Comparing low-temperature thermal and plasma sintering processes of a tailored silver particle-free ink
Authors: Yang Wendong , Hermerschmidt Felix , Mathies Florian , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSilver particle-free inks are under rapid development due to their unique properties. Currently, most of the developed silver particle-free inks contain multiple components. In addition to the necessary solvents and silver precursors, these inks also contain complexing agents, reducing agents, and various additives. While such complex compositions assure good stability and printability of the inks, they hamper the sintering process as excess time and energy are often required to remove residues from various compositions to ensure high conductivities of the printed structures. Thus, a simple ink system is expected. On the other hand, plasma sintering shows its sintering potential in treating silver particle-free inks, but is only employed for the sintering of silver nitrate or silver acetate-based inks. Consequently, developing new particle-free ink systems with simple compositions and exploring the potential of plasma sintering is very meaningful. In this work, a clear and transparent silver particle-free ink was formulated, which can be treated both by low-pressure argon plasma sintering and low-temperature thermal sintering (120–160 °C). The roles of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) in the ink formulation were investigated in detail, which not only acts as the solvent but also as the complexing agent for silver oxalate to lower the sintering temperature of the ink. The electrical performance of the formulated ink was examined for both sintering processes for different conditions. The thermal sintering resulted in a resistivity value of 24.3 μΩ·cm on glass substrates after treatment at 160 °C for 60 min, while the plasma sintering yielded a resistivity value of 29 μΩ·cm at 500 W for 30 min. Compared to thermal sintering, plasma sintering achieved a similar electrical performance, but with a more nonuniform film structure. The power, sintering time, and the pressure of argon are key factors responsible for the conductivity of the produced films. Nevertheless, both resistivity values do meet the minimal electrical requirements of most electronic applications.
Fruitful decade of fungal metabolites as anti-diabetic agents from 2010 to 2019: emphasis on α-glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Hussain Hidayat , Nazir Mamona , Saleem Muhammad , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Elizbit  , Green Ivan R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years the prevalence of diabetes has increased globally and by 2040 the number of diabetic people has been estimated to increase to 642 million. Various classes of drugs are available to treat Type ll diabetes. However, these drugs are associated with certain side effects. α-Glucosidase is an intriquing target enzyme to treat Type II diabetes, and α-glucosidase inhibitors are considered as first-line drugs for Type ll patients. Fungi, in general, produce natural products with some amazing chemical diversity and many fungal metabolites have illustrated a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects. In this review the focus is on describing the α-glucosidase effects and their potential as anti-diabetic agents of various metabolites isolated from fungi.
Management forecasts of volatility
Authors: Ellahie Atif , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine the predictive information content of the management forecasts of stock return volatility (i.e., expected volatility) that are disclosed in annual reports. We find that expected volatility predicts near-term and longer-term stock return volatility and earnings volatility incremental to implied volatility, historical volatility, firm characteristics, and alternative measures of uncertainty. We also find that expected volatility reflects managers’ private information about their firms’ future investment activities, such as mergers and acquisitions and R&D intensity. Finally, we find that the predictive power of expected volatility shrinks when managers have stronger incentives to manage earnings. Overall, we provide novel evidence that management forecasts of volatility contain private information about future uncertainty that can help forecast volatility.
Knowledge, behaviour, and policy: questioning the epistemic presuppositions of applying behavioural science in public policymaking
Authors: Małecka Magdalena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to question the epistemic presuppositions of applying behavioural science in public policymaking. Philosophers of science who have examined the recent applications of the behavioural sciences to policy have contributed to discussions on causation, evidence, and randomised controlled trials. These have focused on epistemological and methodological questions about the reliability of scientific evidence and the conditions under which we can predict that a policy informed by behavioural research will achieve the policymakers’ goals. This paper argues that the philosophical work of Helen Longino can also help us to have a better and fuller understanding of the knowledge which the behavioural sciences provide. The paper advances an analysis of the knowledge claims that are made in the context of policy applications of behavioural science and compares them with the behavioural research on which they are based. This allows us to show that behavioural policy and the debates accompanying it are based on an oversimplified understanding of what knowledge behavioural science actually provides. Recognising this problem is important as arguments that justify reliance on the behavioural sciences in policy typically presume this simplification.
Knowledge is closed under analytic content
Authors: Elgin Samuel Z. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractI am concerned with epistemic closure—the phenomenon in which some knowledge requires other knowledge. In particular, I defend a version of the closure principle in terms of analyticity; if an agent S knows that p is true and that q is an analytic part of p, then S knows that q. After targeting the relevant notion of analyticity, I argue that this principle accommodates intuitive cases and possesses the theoretical resources to avoid the preface paradox.
Application of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in Electrocatalysis and Electrochemistry
Authors: Feng Haifeng , Xu Xun , Du Yi , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractScanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has gained increasing attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to its ability to reveal electrocatalyst surface structures down to the atomic level in either ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) or harsh electrochemical conditions. The detailed knowledge of surface structures, surface electronic structures, surface active sites as well as the interaction between surface adsorbates and electrocatalysts is highly beneficial in the study of electrocatalytic mechanisms and for the rational design of electrocatalysts. Based on this, this review will discuss the application of STM in the characterization of electrocatalyst surfaces and the investigation of electrochemical interfaces between electrocatalyst surfaces and reactants. Based on different operating conditions, UHV-STM and STM in electrochemical environments (EC-STM) are discussed separately. This review will also present emerging techniques including high-speed EC-STM, scanning noise microscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.Graphic Abstract
15-Year Experience with Multimodality Therapy Including Esophagectomy for Elderly Patients with Locoregional Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Sawyer Peter W , Luo Xinyi , Welch Andrew M. , Bolton Nathan M. , Brown Russell , Bolton John S. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Optimal curative therapy for locally advanced esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer might not be offered to elderly patients due to patient and treating physician perception of the high risk of therapy. To understand the risk of multimodality curative therapy, including surgical resection in the elderly population, we studied our experience with curative therapy in this patient population and compared the risks and outcomes with those in a younger population.

STUDY DESIGN:
Between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019, four hundred and five consecutive patients with esophageal or EGJ cancer underwent primary treatment at our institution, including esophagectomy. Data collected included demographic information, tumor stage, preoperative Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, treatment variables, and short- and long-term outcomes. Patients who were 70 years or older were classified as the “older” group and patients younger than 70 years were “younger.”

RESULTS:
One hundred and eighty-eight younger (mean age 59 years) and 94 older (mean age 74 years) patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection for stage II and higher cancer. Preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologist and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were significantly worse in the older group. Postoperative atrial fibrillation and urinary retention developed more often in the older group. Despite this, the rate of postoperative Clavien-Dindo complication severity scores of 3 or higher, perioperative mortality rates, and lengths of stay were similar. Long-term age-adjusted survival rate was 44.8% at 5 years for the group 70 years or older and 39% for the group younger than 70 years (NS).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients 70 years and older with locally advanced esophageal or EGJ cancer should be evaluated for optimal curative therapy including neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection. Although preoperative risk scoring and postoperative atrial arrythmias are higher in the older group, short- and long-term outcomes are not inferior in these patients.