bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of C3‐aromatic heterocycles on 1,3,5‐triaryl‐2‐pyrazoline sulfonium salt photoacid generators as light‐emitting diode‐sensitive cationic photoinitiators
Authors: Chen Shixiong , Zhao Xiaotian , Jin Ming , Huang Wanqiu , Ye Guodong , Pan Haiyan , Wan Decheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFour 1,5‐diphenyl‐3‐aromatic heterocyclyl‐2‐pyrazoline‐based sulfonium salt photoacid generators (PAGs) with different aromatic heterocycles substituted on C3 atom and dimethyl sulfonium group on C5 atom were synthesized. These PAGs were highly photosensitive in the 365–425 nm light‐emitting diode region, and the intramolecular charge transfer from the pyrazoline ring to sulfonium salts induced efficient photolysis and high ΦH+. The heterocycles as well as their substituted positions significantly influenced the energy of the S2 orbital, which was determined by the electrochemical and absorption properties of the PAGs. The raising of the S2 orbital energy enlarged the energy gap of S0–S2 and S1–S2, resulting in blue shift of the absorption spectra and increase in the quantum yield of photoacid generation (ΦH+), respectively. When the energy of excited electrons was higher than that of the S2 orbital, the transition from S0 to S2 (π–π*) occurred before the C‐S cleavage on S1 and the PAGs showed high ΦH+ values (0.52–0.72). The transition from S0 to S1 (π–σ*) occurred when the energy of electrons is lower than that of the S2 orbital, and the PAGs showed low ΦH+ value. The photopolymerization kinetics demonstrated that these PAGs were highly efficient cationic photoinitiators.
SRSF‐1 and microvessel density immunohistochemical analysis by semi‐automated tissue microarray in prostate cancer patients with diabetes (DIAMOND study)
Authors: Broggi Giuseppe , Lo Giudice Arturo , Di Mauro Marina , Asmundo Maria Giovanna , Pricoco Elisabetta , Piombino Eliana , Caltabiano Rosario , Morgia Giuseppe , Russo Giorgio Ivan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between insulin receptors (isoforms α and β), insulin growth factor‐1 (IGF1) and serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF‐1) in patients with prostate cancer (PC) and diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 368 patients who underwent surgery for PC or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) between 2010 and 2020 at the Department of Urology, University of Catania. Tissue microarray slides were constructed and they were stained for androgen receptor (AR), insulin receptor‐α and ‐β, IGF1 (IGF1‐R), Ki‐67, and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression using validated score.ResultsThe final cohort was represented by 100 patients with BPH and 268 with PC, with a median age of 68 years. We found that SRSF‐1 expression was associated with AR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.66), PSMA (OR: 2.13), Ki‐67 (OR: 5.99), insulin receptor (IR)‐α (OR: 2.38), IR‐β (OR: 3.48), IGF1‐R (OR: 1.53), and microvascular density (MVD) was associated with PSMA (OR: 3.44), Ki‐67 (OR: 2.23), IR‐α (OR: 2.91), IR‐β (OR: 3.02), IGF1‐R (OR: 2.95), and SRSF‐1 (OR: 2.21). In the sub cohort of PC patients, we found that SRSF‐1 expression was associated with AR (OR: 2.34), Ki‐67 (OR: 6.77), IR‐α (OR: 2.7), and MVD (OR: 1.98). At the Kaplan–Meier analysis, SRSF‐1+ patients had worse 5‐ and 9‐year biochemical recurrence (36% and 6%) respect to SRSF‐1− (67% and 7%; p < .01) and similarly MVD+ patients (44% and 7%) respect to MVD− (64% and 8%; p < .01). Restricting the analysis only in patients with PC and diabetes, we found that SRSF‐1+ was associated with Ki‐67+ (OR: 8.75; p < .05) and MVD+ (OR: 7.5; p < .05).ConclusionsPC exhibits widespread heterogeneity in protein expression. In particular, the expressions of the SRSF‐1 protein and of the MVD are associated with a worse prognosis and in particular with a greater cell proliferation. These results, although preliminary, may offer new future scientific insights with the aim of highlighting possible genetic alterations linked to a greater expression of SRSF‐1 and associated with a worse prognosis.
Green Synthesis and Optimization of 3D Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Network via Biomass Waste for Highly Efficient Bisphenol S Adsorption
Authors: Li Zelun , Zhao Xiaotong , Hong Xuekun , Yang Hujiang , Fang Dongyu , Wang Yonggang , Lei Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a 3D nitrogen‐doped carbon network with excellent adsorption properties was prepared for bisphenol S (BPS) removal from water. An optimized sample B‐T700‐N3 with high Langmuir specific surface area as well as plentiful heteroatoms was screened out. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of conjugation and hydrogen bonding between the adsorbent and bisphenol S, B‐T700‐N3 demonstrated superior adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption amount (qmax,e) of the B‐T700‐N3 at equilibrium was determined to be up to 91 mg/g, which was comparable or even higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art reported adsorbents. Experimental results illustrated that this adsorbent could also effectively remove other bisphenols (BPA, BPAF) from water. Overall, this novel adsorbent demonstrated a competitive performance for bisphenols removal in aqueous solution and can be a highly interesting candidate for industrial applications.
Electrochemical Oxidation Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of Enamines and Thiophenols for the Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides
Authors: Li Dandan , Jia Jingpeng , Zhao Xiaowei , Zhang Zixuan , Wang Huimin , Li Shuaibing , Xu Zhihong , Xie Zhiyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA direct electrochemical oxidative cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction between enamines and thiophenols has been demonstrated. This strategy provides an effective, more economical, and environmentally friendly method to construct the C(sp2)‐S bond in the absence of chemical oxidants and transition metal catalysts. A variety of enamines and (hetero)aryl thiols are compatible with this transformation to afford the corresponding vinyl sulfides in moderate to excellent yields under undivided electrolytic cell conditions.
Defect Etching of Phase‐Transition‐Assisted CVD‐Grown 2H‐MoTe2
Authors: Zhou Yaoqiang , Tao Li , Chen Zefeng , Lai Haojie , Xie Weiguang , Xu Jian‐Bin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract2D molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) with polymorphism is a promising candidate to developing phase‐change memory, high‐performance transistors and spintronic devices. The phase‐transition‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process has been used to prepare large‐scale 2H‐MoTe2 with large grain size and low density of grain boundary. However, because of the lack of precise control of the growth condition, some defects including the amorphous regions and grain boundaries in 2H‐MoTe2 are hardly avoidable. Here, a facile method of selectively etching defects in large‐scale CVD‐grown 2H‐MoTe2 by triiodide ion (I3−) solution is reported. The defect etching is attributed to the reduced lattice symmetry, high chemisorption activity and high conductivity of the defects due to the high density of Te vacancies. The treated 2H‐MoTe2 shows the suppressed hysteresis in the electrical transfer curve, enhances hole mobility and the higher effective barrier height on the metal contact, suggesting the decreased density of defects. Further chemical analysis indicates that the 2H‐MoTe2 is not damaged or doped by I3− solution during the etching process. This simple and low‐cost post‐processing method is effective for etching the defects in large‐area 2H‐MoTe2 for high‐performance device applications.
Recent Advances on Heteroatom‐Doped Porous Carbon/Metal Materials: Fascinating Heterogeneous Catalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Rangraz Yalda , Heravi Majid M. , Elhampour Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDesign and preparation of low‐cost, effective, and novel catalysts are important topics in the field of heterogeneous catalysis from academic and industrial perspectives. Recently, heteroatom‐doped porous carbon/metal materials have received significant attention as promising catalysts in divergent organic reactions. Incorporation of heteroatom into the carbon framework can tailor the properties of carbon, providing suitable interaction between support and metal, resulting in superior catalytic performance compared with those of traditional pure carbon/metal catalytic systems. In this review, we try to underscore the recent advances in the design, preparation, and application of heteroatom‐doped porous carbon/metal catalysts towards various organic transformations.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes as Versatile Catalysts for Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Sarkar Alok , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiodegradable polyesters such as poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) have been considered for use in several areas, such as drug delivery devices, sutures, tissue engineering, and GBR membranes, due to its bio‐renewability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Several synthetic techniques for the preparation of polyesters have been reported in the literature, amongst which the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters is the most efficient. A convenient approach to access iso‐selective PLAs is polymerization of racemic lactide (rac‐LA), which shows excellent stereoregularity without the need for costly chiral auxiliaries or ligands. In this personal account, we review a series of methods that have been practiced to the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters from various cyclic monomers using alkali and alkaline earth metal complexes as efficient catalysts.
Positional‐based cloning ‘fail‐safe’ approach is overpowered by wheat chromosome structural variation
Authors: Taagen Ella , Tanaka James , Gul Alvina , Sorrells Mark E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPositional‐based cloning is a foundational method for understanding the genes and gene networks that control valuable agronomic traits such as grain yield components. In this study, we sought to positionally clone the causal genetic variant of a 1000‐grain weight (TGW) quantitative trait loci (QTL) on wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) chromosome arm 5AL. We developed heterogenous inbred families (HIFs) (>5,000 plants) for enhanced genotypic resolution and fine‐mapped the QTL to a 10‐Mbp region. The transcriptome of developing grains from positive and negative control HIF haplotypes revealed presence–absence chromosome arm 5AS structural variation and unexpectedly no differential expression of genes within the chromosome arm 5AL candidate region. Evaluation of genomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic data, and predicted function of genes, identified that the 5AL QTL was the result of strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with chromosome arm 5AS presence or absence (HIFr2= 0.91). Structural variation is common in wheat, and our results highlight that the redundant polyploid genome's masking of such variation is a significant barrier to positional cloning. We propose recommendations for more efficient and robust detection of structural variation, including transitioning from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to a haplotype‐based approach to identify positional cloning targets. We also present nine candidate genes for grain yield components based on chromosome arm 5AS presence or absence, which may unveil hidden variation of homoeolog dosage‐dependent genes across the group five chromosome short arms. Taken together, our discovery demonstrates the phenotypic resiliency of polyploid genomic structural variation and highlights a considerable challenge to routine positional cloning in wheat.
Sociology in Germany: From the Beginnings to 1945
Authors: Moebius Stephan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, the beginnings of sociology in Germany up until 1945 are presented. Similar to France, in Germany the genesis of sociology is closely linked to the emergence of bourgeois society, industrialization, and the perception of a social and cultural crisis. At the turn of the century, the now well-known “founding fathers,” such as Ferdinand Tönnies, Georg Simmel, and Max Weber, published their classical works. Journals and professional organizations were founded. In the interwar period, sociology became established as an academic discipline at universities. National Socialism brought sociology as an institutionalized and well-established discipline to an end. The Nazis had no interest in sociology as an independent science. But even though sociology cannot be identified as a discipline in the years 1933 to 1945, there were people who worked sociologically. It was in particular their empirical and methodological knowledge that was useful for the Nazis.
Ups and Downs of Sociology in Germany: 1968–1990
Authors: Moebius Stephan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the 1960s, Germany was strongly marked by changes in cultural values and social concepts of order, by new developments in art, music, and film, as well as suburbanization; also, as in many other countries, in 1968 there were massive student protests in Germany. The student movement brought sociology into the limelight. The Frankfurt School and the more Marxist Marburg School in particular became closely connected with the student movement. As a subject of study, sociology gained enormously in importance, which was connected with the growing need for social reflection in all areas of life. A characteristic feature of sociology in this period was an increasing differentiation into specialized subfields. The number of academic positions for sociologists and the number of students increased, partly as a result of the founding of new universities and of reforms in higher education policy. The increasing number of non-university research institutions complemented sociological research at the universities. This expansion, which coincided with a highly visible public sociology, also led to counter-movements: Conservative sociologists criticized the growing social influence of sociology and propagated an “anti-sociology.” As far as empirical social research is concerned, quantitative research had become more professional; interpretative social research had slowly developed, reinforced by the increasing reception of symbolic interactionism. The “planning euphoria” of the 1960s and 1970s weakened, and many looked at 1968 with disappointment and some even turned away from sociology. There were debates, such as that between representatives of Critical Theory and systems theory (the “Habermas-Luhmann debate”) and the debate on “theory comparison,” and controversies regarding “postmodernism.” The 1980s was the great time for sociological theory in Germany. Also, a further increase in the differentiation and pluralization of the sociological field could be observed.
‘Are You OK?’ Students’ Trust in a Chatbot Providing Support Opportunities
Authors: Pesonen Joonas A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChatbots show promise as a novel way to provide support to students. However, a central issue with new technologies such as chatbots is whether students trust the technology. In the present study, we use a chatbot to proactively offer academic and non-academic support to students (N = 274) in a Finnish vocational education and training (VET) organization. Students responded to the chatbot with a very high response rate (86%), and almost one-fifth (19%) of the respondents disclosed a need for support. Survey with a subset of participants (N = 49) showed satisfactory trust (total trust score 71% as measured by a human-computer trust scale) and satisfaction (average of 3.83 as measured by a five-point customer satisfaction instrument) with the chatbot. Trust was positively correlated with satisfaction as well as students’ likelihood to respond to the chatbot. Our results show that this kind of approach is applicable for recognizing students’ latent needs for support. Future studies should target the formation of trust in more detail and cultural differences in trusting chatbots.
Measuring the Impact of the Once Only Principle for Businesses Across Borders
Authors: Timan Tjerk , van Veenstra Anne Fleur , Karanikolova Kristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Once-Only Principle (OOP) holds that public administrations ideally collect data from citizens and businesses only once to share this information, within regulatory limits, with other administrative bodies and across Member States. The aim of the OOP is to simplify interaction with public services and contribute to administrative burden reduction. To demonstrate the cross-border application of the OOP for businesses, the Large Scale Pilot European project ‘The Once Only Principle Project (TOOP)’ develops pilots and identifies benefits and challenges as well as (potential) impacts of the adoption of this principle. In this chapter, we explore an Impact Assessment framework for measuring the impact of the OOP on cross-border services for businesses and subsequently validate this framework with members from the TOOP project. During stakeholder sessions organized for this purpose, we find that the OOP potentially has a high impact on government, e.g. by enabling fraud reduction, yet little is known about the impact of the OOP on businesses, and in particular on its cross-border impact. The expected benefits of the OOP likely emerge on the longer term, making identification of short-term impacts challenging. Nonetheless, based on our findings, we recommend to develop and implement methods and tools to measure the impact on the long-term to increase sustainability of the OOP.
Testing Methodology for the TOOP Pilots
Authors: Prentza Andriana , Watrinet Marie-Laure , Leontaridis Lefteris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Once-Only Principle project (TOOP) is an initiative, financed by the EU Program Horizon 2020, with the aim to explore and demonstrate the Once-Only principle through multiple sustainable pilots, using a federated architecture on a cross-border collaborative pan-European scale, enabling the connection of different registries and architectures in different countries for better exchange of information across public administrations. The deployed systems in the different Member States for the different piloting domains are being monitored and tested following the TOOP testing methodology that was developed during the TOOP project and with the use of specifically developed TOOP tools in order to monitor, identify errors and improve the quality of the pilots. The specific piloting tests and milestones are customized per pilot domain and are followed by all Member States piloting in the specific domain. The methodology starts from a technical view at the own Member State level with the verification of a check list, continues with onboard testing and connectivity testing and as the last step a connectathon between different Member States takes place.
Bacteria associated with vascular wilt of poplar
Authors: Kwaśna Hanna , Szewczyk Wojciech , Baranowska Marlena , Behnke-Borowczyk Jolanta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 2017, a 560-ha area of hybrid poplar plantation in northern Poland showed symptoms of tree decline. Leaves appeared smaller, turned yellow–brown, and were shed prematurely. Twigs and smaller branches died. Bark was sunken and discolored, often loosened and split. Trunks decayed from the base. Phloem and xylem showed brown necrosis. Ten per cent of trees died in 1–2 months. None of these symptoms was typical for known poplar diseases. Bacteria in soil and in the necrotic base of poplar trunk were analyzed with Illumina sequencing. Soil and wood were colonized by at least 615 and 249 taxa. The majority of bacteria were common to soil and wood. The most common taxa in soil were: Acidobacteria (14.76%), Actinobacteria (14.58%), Proteobacteria (36.87) with Betaproteobacteria (6.52%), (6.10%), Comamonadaceae (2.79%), and Verrucomicrobia (5.31%).The most common taxa in wood were: Bacteroidetes (22.72%) including Chryseobacterium (5.07%), Flavobacteriales (10.87%), Sphingobacteriales (9.40%) with Pedobacter cryoconitis (7.31%), Proteobacteria (73.79%) with Enterobacteriales (33.25%) including Serratia (15.30%) and Sodalis (6.52%), Pseudomonadales (9.83%) including Pseudomonas (9.02%), Rhizobiales (6.83%), Sphingomonadales (5.65%), and Xanthomonadales (11.19%). Possible pathogens were Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Xanthomonas. The potential initial, endophytic character of bacteria is discussed. Soil and possibly planting material might be the reservoir of pathogen inoculum.
Outplanting of branching Acropora enhances recolonization of a fish species and protects massive corals from predation
Authors: Tiddy I. C. , Kaullysing D. , Bailey D. M. , Chumun P. K. , Killen S. S. , Le Vin A. , Bhagooli R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDamselfish of the genus Stegastes inhabit territories and cultivate algal gardens on branching corals of the genus Acropora, aggressively protecting their territories from other fish and preventing predation upon corals within the territory. This behaviour has important ecological impacts and could also be useful in reducing predation on outplanted corals during reef restoration efforts. However, the degree of protection from predators may depend on the ability of Stegastes spp. to recolonise outplanted or newly established coral colonies. Protection of bleaching-resilient massive corals within territories may be of particular importance due to the role of these corals in maintaining coral cover following bleaching events. This study examined whether the presence of Stegastes spp. reduces predation on the massive bleaching-resilient coral Porites lutea in the Mauritian lagoon, and whether Stegastes spp. readily colonise outplanted branching coral fragments and provide adjacent massive corals with indirect protection from predation. Predation levels on wild-occurring and outplanted P. lutea within and outside Stegastes spp. territories were measured. In addition, Acropora muricata branches were outplanted adjacent to wild P. lutea colonies outside Stegastes spp. territories, and recolonisation of these outplants by Stegastes spp. and the impacts of recolonisation on predation were monitored. Both wild and outplanted P. lutea colonies within Stegastes spp. territories sustained less predation damage compared to colonies outside territories. Stegastes spp. recolonized outplanted A. muricata colonies within six months of outplanting, and in doing so returned predation protection to adjacent P. lutea colonies. The ability of Stegastes spp. to colonise outplanted corals and provide indirect protection to adjacent massive bleaching-resilient corals may inform coral outplanting efforts in systems where Stegastes spp. are common. Encouraging Stegastes spp. recolonisation may help to reduce predation damage to corals within territories and potentially improve the success of rehabilitation efforts.
Be water my friend: mesh assimilation
Authors: Bukenberger Dennis R. , Lensch Hendrik P. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInspired by the ability of water to assimilate any shape, if being poured into it, regardless if flat, round, sharp, or pointy, we present a novel, high-quality meshing method. Our algorithm creates a triangulated mesh, which automatically refines where necessary and accurately aligns to any target, given as mesh, point cloud, or volumetric function. Our core optimization iterates over steps for mesh uniformity, point cloud projection, and mesh topology corrections, always guaranteeing mesh integrity and $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-close surface reconstructions. In contrast with similar approaches, our simple algorithm operates on an individual vertex basis. This allows for automated and seamless transitions between the optimization phases for rough shape approximation and fine detail reconstruction. Therefore, our proposed algorithm equals established techniques in terms of accuracy and robustness but supersedes them in terms of simplicity and better feature reconstruction, all controlled by a single parameter, the intended edge length. Due to the overall increased versatility of input scenarios and robustness of the assimilation, our technique furthermore generalizes multiple established approaches such as ballooning or shrink wrapping.