bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic injury and atrial fibrillation among deployed service members
Authors: Alcover Karl C. , Ambardar Shiva R. , Poltavskiy Eduard , Nasir Javed M. , Janak Jud C. , Howard Jeffrey T. , Walker Lauren E. , Haigney Mark C. , Stewart Ian J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (AF/AFL), the most common atrial arrhythmias, have never been examined in combat casualties. In this study, we investigated the impact of traumatic injury on AF/AFL among service members with deployment history.MethodsSampled from the Department of Defense (DoD) Trauma Registry (n = 10,000), each injured patient in this retrospective cohort study was matched with a non‐injured service member drawn from the Veterans Affairs/DoD Identity Repository. The primary outcome was AF/AFL diagnosis identified using ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM codes. Competing risk regressions based on Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards model with were utilized to assess the association between injury and AF/AFL.ResultsThere were 130 reported AF/AFL cases, 90 of whom were injured and 40 were non‐injured. The estimated cumulative incidence rates of AF/AFL for injured was higher compared to non‐injured patients (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44, 2.87). After adjustment demographics and tobacco use, the association did not appreciably decrease (HR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.23, 2.93). Additional adjustment for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and vascular disorders, the association between injury and AF/AFL was no longer statistically significant (HR = 1.51; 95% CI = 0.99, 2.52).ConclusionHigher AF/AFL incidence rate was observed among deployed service members with combat injury compared to servicemembers without injury. The association did not remain significant after adjustment for cardiovascular‐related covariates. These findings highlight the need for combat casualty surveillance to further understand the AF/AFL risk within the military population and to elucidate the potential underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Ultralow temperature cryoablation using near‐critical nitrogen for cavotricuspid isthmus‐ablation, first‐in‐human results
Authors: Klaver Martijn N. , De Potter Tom J. R. , Iliodromitis Konstantinos , Babkin Alexander , Cabrita David , Fabbricatore Davide , Boersma Lucas V. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionCryoablation has evolved as a safe alternative to radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of several supraventricular arrhythmias and has potential advantages, yet is limited by the properties of the cryogen used. We investigated a novel ultralow temperature cryoablation (ULTC) system using nitrogen near its liquid‐vapor critical point as a freezing source, achieving temperatures as low as ‐196 degrees Celsius in a long linear catheter with a continuous energy release. Initial safety, procedural and efficacy outcomes of ULTC are described in patients undergoing cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation.Methods and ResultsThe Cryocure studies (NCT02355106, NCT02839304) are prospective, single‐arm, multi‐center, first‐in‐human clinical studies in 17 patients with atrial flutter (AFL) and 13 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). A total of 30 patients, mean age 65 ± 8 years old and 67% male, were enrolled and underwent ablation of the CTI. Acute success, defined as the confirmation of stable bidirectional conduction block across the CTI, was achieved in all 30 patients. After 12 months of follow‐up, 14 out of 17 AFL patients remained free from any AFL. One (3.3%) procedure‐related but not device‐related serious adverse event was reported, involving transient inferolateral ST‐elevation associated with temporary AV conduction block.ConclusionIn this first‐in‐human clinical study the safety and performance results demonstrate the capabilities of ultralow temperature near‐critical nitrogen as an effective energy source for CTI ablation. Ongoing, larger, studies should confirm our findings and evaluate the capabilities to create linear and focal transmural lesions in other arrhythmias.
A two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis of heart rate variability and cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Tian Danyang , Zhang Linjing , Zhuang Zhenhuang , Huang Tao , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is correlated with a high risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. Previous studies between heart rate variability (HRV) and cSVD revealed paradoxical results. The authors aimed to investigate the relationship between HRV and cSVD using Mendelian randomization analysis. Genetic instruments for HRV were obtained from previous genome‐wide association studies. They applied inverse variance‐weighted analysis, weighted median analysis, simple median analysis, and Mendelian randomization–Egger regression to evaluate the associations of HRV with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and small vessel stroke (SVS) in the UK Biobank neuroimaging dataset and the MEGASTROKE genome‐wide association study dataset. Two genetically predicted traits of HRV (the root mean square of the successive differences of inter beat intervals [RMSSD] and the peak‐valley respiratory sinus arrhythmia or high frequency power [pvRSA/HF]) were suggestively associated with WMH (β 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–0.49, p = .02; β 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–0.27, p = .03, respectively). Genetically predicted traits of HRV were not significantly associated with SVS. This study provides genetic support for a suggestive causal effect of HRV (RMSSD, pvRSA/HF) on WMH but not SVS.
Cognitive assessment using the Rapid Assessment for Developmental Disabilities, Second Edition (RADD‐2)
Authors: Hom C. L. , Walsh D. , Fernandez G. , Tournay A. , Touchette P. , Lott I. T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with developmental disabilities (DD) often have severe impairments and maladaptive behaviours that make it difficult to reliably assess their cognitive abilities. Given these challenges, the Rapid Assessment of Developmental Disabilities, Second Edition (RADD‐2), was designed to measure general cognitive ability in this population. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the battery's psychometric properties when used with individuals with DD who have challenging behavioural and psychiatric conditions and for those who have limited verbal skills.MethodThe cognitive and adaptive behaviour skills of 193 children and adults with DD and considerable medical, behavioural and/or psychiatric problems were evaluated using the first and second editions of the RADD, Kaufmann Brief Intelligence Test – 2nd Edition, and Scales of Independent Behaviour – Revised Edition. Medication side effects and challenging behaviours were assessed using the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist.ResultsThere were no floor or ceiling effects on the RADD‐2. Both the nonverbal index and total scores had strong concurrent validity with other abbreviated tests of intellectual ability and good discriminant validity from measures of adaptive behaviour and medication side effects. RADD‐2 scores also had strong criterion validity as they successfully differentiated between all levels of intellectual functioning. Age and sex did not differentially affect RADD‐2 performance, and the co‐occurrence of psychiatric conditions did not negatively affect performance. The only medical condition associated with lower RADD‐2 performance was epilepsy.ConclusionsThe RADD‐2 can quantify the differential cognitive abilities of individuals with DD, even for those with minimal communication skills, challenging behaviours or severe medication side effects that can typically complicate assessment. This brief cognitive battery can be used to measure changes due to interventions, on the one hand, and progression of neurological disease, on the other.
End‐of‐life: An urgent update in nursing terminology
Authors: Bragança Joana , Martins Lurdes , Campos de Carvalho Emília , Vieira Margarida , Caldeira Sílvia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough nursing terminologies and classifications represent nursing knowledge across diverse clinical areas, end‐of‐life care seems under represented in many aspects of these instruments. NANDA‐ I is an international nursing diagnostic classification widely used in nursing education and research. This taxonomy is based on seven axes, including the axis of time. In this commentary we bring discussion to the need to update nursing terminology by including the term end‐of‐life in the time axis of NANDA‐I. After describing the epidemiologic aspects of end‐of‐life care and discussing the relevant nursing role, we discuss patients' and family's human responses towards the end‐of‐life time and circumstance, which are central to defining nursing diagnoses. End‐of‐life care is one priority in health care, and nursing diagnoses should represent that situation as well.This paper focuses on a specific and international nursing diagnosis classification, NANDA‐I, which lacks an end‐of‐life component to its time axis for defining labels of nursing diagnoses. Attending to the importance of classifications in clinical reasoning, nursing diagnoses could better represent responses towards this health condition, opening new opportunities for increasing nursing roles in clinical practice, and also for new studies aiming to validate nursing diagnoses, and promoting an evidence‐based practice by including end‐of‐life in the axis time.
Factors related to complex care needs of older adults in community‐based integrated care centers in Japan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yoshioka‐Maeda Kyoko , Kono Ayumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify the factors related to complex care needs of older adults in community‐based integrated care centers.MethodsWe sent 936 self‐reported questionnaires to community‐based integrated care center directors in the Kinki region of Japan. These questionnaires included questions not only about the directors' demographic data, but also regarding the sociodemographic, psychosocial, and family‐related dimensions of the older adults in the community centers. The directors divided their cases into two categories: “Complex cases” and “Straightforward cases.” We compared the intergroup differences and examined the factors related to complex care needs in older adults.ResultsA total of 232 directors responded. Complex cases were significantly associated with younger age, poor health conditions, and having a family member who needs care, as compared to straightforward cases where these associations were not present. Logistic regression showed that in older adults, factors of refusing support or social services, social isolation, and trouble with neighbors were associated with their complexities. Additionally, family members with a high likelihood of refusing social services, older adults without a key family member, and difficulties in forming their consensus regarding care were associated with older adults' complexities.ConclusionOlder adults with complex care needs could have the risk of self‐neglect, and their families faced difficulties in supporting them as family members. Healthcare professions should carefully assess these factors and develop needs‐oriented services for them without their family support as an upstream intervention.
Male lip filler—Aesthetic enhancement is not just limited to females: A case report
Authors: Goel Anupriya , Rai Kritika 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLips play an important role in facial aesthetics. Hyaluronic acid fillers have been widely used for lip augmentation in females but very few men seek this treatment due to the fear of feminization of lips. However, there are very few case reports published for correction of lips using fillers in men.AimTo assess the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers for enhancement of lips in males.MethodA 52‐year‐old male underwent two sessions of treatment for inturned lips. In the first session, 2 ml hyaluronic acid dermal filler (Juvederm Ultra Plus—JUP) with 27G × 8 mm needle via bolus and retrograde linear thread technique was used. Assessment of lips was done after one week. Second session of treatment was done after 30 months of first treatment with 1 ml of filler.ResultsInjection of filler not only led to a significant improvement in vermillion show, but also improved the overall facial appearance. The results of this treatment were long lasting and even after 30 months from the first treatment the patients’ vermillion body still showed ten per cent improvement from the original.ConclusionDermal lip filler treatment in men can be a very satisfying and rewarding procedure. Its awareness should be spread afar to increase its acceptability.
Pagetoid dyskeratosis with a palmar localization: Rapid resolution following biopsy
Authors: Falay Gür Tuğba , Savaş Erdoğan Sevil , Sade Ayşe Gökçen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPagetoid dyskeratosis (PD), which is found in more than 2% of skin biopsy specimens, is accepted as a histopathological finding reflecting the abnormal keratinization process. However, to date, only a limited number of cases have been described to have brown pigmentation on the hands, triggered by friction, and present with pagetoid dyskeratosis as the only sign on histopathology and a parallel ridge pattern on dermoscopy.AimTo present and discuss the typical clinical, histopathological, and dermoscopic features of pagetoid dyskeratosis, and to draw attention to the spontaneous resolution following biopsy.PatientWe present a case of pagetoid dyskeratosis with a palmar localization, which rapidly resolved following biopsy, in a patient with no history of friction.ResultsPD is the only important histopathological finding in typical irregular pigmented lesions located in the hand. PD should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions that show parallel ridge pattern on the hand. Two weeks after the biopsy, disappearance of the lesion may be due to the effect of inflammatory response revealed by biopsy.ConclusionsAlthough the cause of this condition is not yet fully understood, most cases being associated with friction or rapid spontaneous resolution following biopsy, as in the current case, may indicate the reactive nature of the lesion. Further researches are required to be clarify etiology of PD.
Technological readiness and implementation of genomic‐driven precision medicine for complex diseases
Authors: Franks P. W. , Melén E. , Friedman M. , Sundström J. , Kockum I. , Klareskog L. , Almqvist C. , Bergen S. E. , Czene K. , Hägg S. , Hall P. , Johnell K. , Malarstig A. , Catrina A. , Hagström H. , Benson M. , Gustav Smith J. , Gomez M. F , Orho‐Melander M. , Jacobsson B. , Halfvarson J. , Repsilber D. , Oresic M. , Jern C. , Melin B. , Ohlsson C. , Fall T. , Rönnblom L. , Wadelius M. , Nordmark G. , Johansson Å. , Rosenquist R. , Sullivan P. F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fields of human genetics and genomics have generated considerable knowledge about the mechanistic basis of many diseases. Genomic approaches to diagnosis, prognostication, prevention and treatment – genomic‐driven precision medicine (GDPM) – may help optimize medical practice. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of GDPM of complex diseases across major medical specialties. We focus on technological readiness: how rapidly a test can be implemented into health care. Although these areas of medicine are diverse, key similarities exist across almost all areas. Many medical areas have, within their standards of care, at least one GDPM test for a genetic variant of strong effect that aids the identification/diagnosis of a more homogeneous subset within a larger disease group or identifies a subset with different therapeutic requirements. However, for almost all complex diseases, the majority of patients do not carry established single‐gene mutations with large effects. Thus, research is underway that seeks to determine the polygenic basis of many complex diseases. Nevertheless, most complex diseases are caused by the interplay of genetic, behavioural and environmental risk factors, which will likely necessitate models for prediction and diagnosis that incorporate genetic and non‐genetic data.
Psychophysical evaluation of somatosensory function in oro‐facial pain: achievements and challenges
Authors: Costa Yuri M. , Bonjardim Leonardo R. , Conti Paulo César R. , Svensson Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThis critical review describes key methodological aspects for a successful oro‐facial psychophysical evaluation of the somatosensory system and highlights the diagnostic value of somatosensory assessment and management perspectives based on somatosensory profiling.MethodsThis topical review was based on a non‐systematic search for studies about somatosensory evaluation in oro‐facial pain in PubMed and Embase.ResultsThe recent progress regarding the psychophysical evaluation of somatosensory function was largely possible due to the development and application of valid, reliable and standardised psychophysical methods. Qualitative sensory testing may be useful as a screening tool to rule out relevant somatosensory abnormalities. Nevertheless, the patient should preferably be referred to a more comprehensive assessment with the quantitative sensory testing battery if confirmation of somatosensory abnormalities is necessary. Moreover, the identification of relevant somatosensory alterations in chronic pain disorders that do not fulfil the current criteria to be regarded as neuropathic has also increased the usefulness of somatosensory evaluation as a feasible method to better characterise the patients and perhaps elucidate some underpinnings of the so‐called ‘nociplastic’ pain disorders. Finally, an additional benefit of oro‐facial pain treatment based on somatosensory profiling still needs to be demonstrated and convincing evidence of somatosensory findings as predictors of treatment efficacy in chronic oro‐facial pain awaits further studies.ConclusionPsychophysical evaluation of somatosensory function in oro‐facial pain is still in its infancy but with a clear potential to continue to improve the assessment, diagnosis and management of oro‐facial pain patients.
The psychology of ultimate values: A computational perspective
Authors: Rigoli Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUltimate values can be defined as abstract rules or goals transcending specific contexts and defining the utmost purposes of existence. Although the literature about human values is vast, several fundamental questions about ultimate values remain open. What are the processes responsible for the formation of ultimate values? What is the impact of inbuilt affective processes and of learning, respectively? Regarding learning, what is the role of society? Empirical evidence shows dramatic variability in ultimate values pursued by different people. Why? These open questions suggest that a precise picture of ultimate values is lacking. This paper offers a computational theory of ultimate values. The key idea is that our brain represents values along a hierarchy where ultimate values are built upon experiences with inherent affective nature (basic values). Based on these representations, the proposal is that the brain infers the rules that foster basic values in a variety of contexts. These would become ultimate values and drive human behaviour independent of the ongoing context. We discuss how the theory can contribute to understanding a variety of aspects of human values, including morality, to what degree values are innate or culturally determined, and how values shape and are shaped by society.
Testing Goodwin with a stochastic differential approach—The United States (1948–2019)
Authors: McIsaac Florent 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper follows Harvie and Grasselli and Maheshwari's research program in testing both Goodwin's predator–prey model and the extension proposed by van der Ploeg. The aim of this paper is to provide a guideline for the bloc estimation and the backtesting strategy that can be applied to such a class of continuous‐time non‐linear macroeconomic models. The goal of this paper is to propose and test stochastic differential equations for Goodwin's model and one of its extensions by an estimation technique based on simulated maximum likelihood developed by Durham and Gallant. The data considered here are that of wage share and employment rate in the United States from 1948:Q1 to 2019:Q4. Results show that two structural breaks—at the beginning of the 80s' and late 90s'—are likely to have occurred and the Goodwin‐type model endowed with Leontief production technology explains more accurately the data than the van der Ploeg's CES production function. These results are partly confirmed by a backtesting strategy, which highlights the predicting property of the van der Ploeg‐like model on a purely statistical VAR model. Both the estimation and backtesting strategies can be used to assess the empirical improvement on any extensions of the models investigated in this paper.
Activation of CRF1 receptors expressed in brainstem autonomic nuclei stimulates colonic enteric neurons and secreto‐motor function in male rats
Authors: Yuan Pu‐Qing , Wu S. Vincent , Stengel Andreas , Sato Ken , Taché Yvette 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypothalamic corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1 (CRF1) plays a role in acute stress‐related stimulation of colonic motor function. Less is known on CRF1 signaling in the brainstem.MethodsWe investigate CRF1 expression in the brainstem and the colonic response to 4th ventricle (4V) injection of CRF and urocortin (Ucn) 2 (3 µg/rat) in chronically cannulated male rats.Key resultsTranscripts of CRF1 wild‐type 1a and splice variants 1c, 1e, 1f, 1o along with three novel variants 1a‐2 (desK‐110 in exon 5), 1p (‐exon 7), and 1q (exon 5 extension) were identified in the pons and medulla. The area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, locus coeruleus, and Barrington’s nucleus isolated by laser capture microdissection expressed 1a, 1a‐2, and 1p but not 1q. Compared to 4V vehicle, 4V CRF induced fecal pellet output (FPO) and diarrhea that were blocked by the CRF antagonist, astressin‐B. CRF2 agonist, Ucn2 had no effect on basal or CRF‐induced FPO. CRF actions were correlated with the induction of c‐Fos immunoreactivity in myenteric neurons of the proximal and distal colon (pC, dC) and submucosal neurons of dC. c‐Fos immunoreactivity occurred in 39% and 37% of myenteric cholinergic and 7% and 58% of nitrergic neurons in the pC and dC, respectively.Conclusions & InferencesCRF1a and its splice variants are expressed in brainstem nuclei, and activation of CRF1 signaling at the level of the brainstem stimulates colonic secretory‐motor function through activation of colonic enteric neurons.