bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinations of job demands are associated with increased risk of depression in clinical veterinary practice: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Christiansen Simone Vestergaard , Clausen Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Veterinarians have a high prevalence of mental health disorders, such as depression. Previous research suggests that veterinarians are highly exposed to emotional demands at work and that these emotional demands are associated with adverse mental health outcomes. However, little is known about the consequences of the simultaneous exposure to emotional demands and other types of job demands in clinical veterinary practice. In this cross-sectional study, we investigate the combined effect of simultaneous exposure to emotional demands and other types of job demands on the risk of depression. We invited 1,757 employees in clinical veterinary practice in Denmark to participate in an online survey in the spring of 2022.

Results
We obtained response from 885 employees (50.4%). Mean age was 38.2 years and 90.2% of the sample identified as women. The majority of the respondents worked in small animal practice (80.6%). We assessed psychosocial job demands (emotional demands, quantitative demands, role conflicts, work pace, and threats) and depressive symptoms in the study questionnaire, and defined depression as a score of ≥ 21 on the Major Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. 15.1% of the participants had an indication of depression. Results showed an increased risk of depression for participants reporting high emotional demands in combination with high quantitative demands (OR:8.37; 95%CI:4.31–16.24), high role conflicts (OR:8.95; 95%CI:4.71–16.99), threats at work (OR:7.06; 95%CI:4.06–12.28) and high work pace (OR:14.24; 95%CI:6.51–31.15). The combined effects indicated additive but not synergistic interaction.

Conclusions
Combinations of emotional demands and other types of job demands are associated with an increased risk of depression among employees in clinical veterinary practice in Denmark. The results have implications for preventing negative health-related consequences of adverse psychosocial working conditions among employees in clinical veterinary practice. Preventive strategies and initiatives to promote a healthy psychosocial work environment and well-being among veterinary employees are discussed, and we further encourage employers and relevant authorities in veterinary practice to prioritize efforts to enhance the psychosocial work environment and employee well-being in clinical veterinary practice.
Tranexamic acid in hip and spine surgery for children with cerebral palsy — a PRISMA-compliant scoping review
Authors: Gould Daniel , Cui Haoze , Ma Norine , Chalkiadis George , Davidson Andrew , Graham Kerr , Rutz Erich 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Many children with cerebral palsy (CP) are frail and require major hip and/or spine surgeries associated with substantial blood loss. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly used to reduce blood loss, but there is uncertainty around the optimal dose and timing of administration. There have been reviews in sub-populations and specific dosing regimens, but a broad overview of the available literature is lacking. The aim of this review was to map available evidence on TXA in hip and spine surgery for children with CP. Given the heterogeneous literature, a prospectively registered scoping review was conducted. Eligibility criteria were broad. Three screeners were involved, with the senior author consulted when disagreements were not resolved through discussion.Titles and abstracts of 14,609 records were screened, with 52 records included. Two additional records were obtained from grey literature and citation searching. Cohort studies (50.0%) were the most common. Most records (76.9%) were on spine surgery. TXA dose varied widely. Loading doses range from 5 to 100 mg/kg and intraoperative infusions from 1 to 10 mg/kg/h. Dose was not reported in 35.2% of records. Primary outcome measures included blood loss and transfusion requirements. TXA was generally reported to be safe. None of the included records reported postoperative TXA administration.While TXA is generally considered safe, there was mixed evidence on efficacy. Much of the evidence was drawn from studies in which TXA was used in patients at higher risk of bleeding or with reduced physiological reserve. There was no evidence for TXA being used postoperatively, when a large proportion of transfusions occur.
N-terminus α-synuclein detection reveals new and more diverse aggregate morphologies in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wiseman James A. , Fu YuHong , Faull Richard L. M. , Turner Clinton P. , Curtis Maurice A. , Halliday Glenda M. , Dieriks Birger V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are classified as α-synucleinopathies and are primarily differentiated by their clinical phenotypes. Delineating these diseases based on their specific α-synuclein (α-Syn) proteoform pathologies is crucial for accurate antemortem biomarker diagnosis. Newly identified α-Syn pathologies in PD raise questions about whether MSA exhibits a similar diversity. This prompted the need for a comparative study focusing on α-Syn epitope-specific immunoreactivities in both diseases, which could clarify the extent of pathological overlap and diversity, and guide more accurate biomarker development.

Methods
We utilised a multiplex immunohistochemical approach to detect multiple structural domains of α-Syn proteoforms across multiple regions prone to pathological accumulation in MSA (n = 10) and PD (n = 10). Comparison of epitope-specific α-Syn proteoforms was performed in the MSA medulla, inferior olivary nucleus, substantia nigra, hippocampus, and cerebellum, and in the PD olfactory bulb, medulla, substantia nigra, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex.

Results
N-terminus and C-terminus antibodies detected significantly more α-Syn pathology in MSA than antibodies for phosphorylated (pS129) α-Syn, which are classically used to detect α-Syn. Importantly, C-terminus immunolabelling is more pronounced in MSA compared to PD. Meanwhile, N-terminus immunolabelling consistently detected the highest percentage of α-Syn across pathologically burdened regions of both diseases, which could be of biological significance. As expected, oligodendroglial involvement distinguished MSA from PD, but in contrast to PD, no substantial astrocytic or microglial α-Syn accumulation in MSA occurred. These data confirm glial-specific changes between these diseases when immunolabelling the N-terminus epitope. In comparison, N-terminus neuronal α-Syn was present in PD and MSA, with most MSA neurons lacking pS129 α-Syn proteoforms. This explains why characterisation of neuronal MSA pathologies is lacking and challenges the reliance on pS129 antibodies for the accurate quantification of α-Syn pathological load across α-synucleinopathies.

Conclusions
These findings underscore the necessity of utilising a multiplex approach to detect α-Syn, most importantly including the N-terminus, to capture the entire spectrum of α-Syn proteoforms in α-synucleinopathies. The data provide novel insights toward the biological differentiation of these α-synucleinopathies and pave the way for more refined antemortem diagnostic methods to facilitate early identification and intervention of these neurodegenerative diseases.
Enhanced GNSS-acoustic positioning method implementing with constraints on underwater sound speed structure
Authors: Tomita Fumiaki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt is important to appropriately model underwater sound speed structures to detect seafloor displacements accurately using GNSS-acoustic seafloor geodetic observations. In recent years, various sea surface platforms (e.g., wave gliders) have been developed for GNSS-acoustic observations. Sub-mesoscale oceanic phenomena can be detected by simultaneously employing multiple sea surface platforms. However, the use of a single sea surface platform with slow navigation speeds may degrade the modeling accuracy of underwater sound speed structures, even when compared to conventional ship-based observations. Therefore, the development of a GNSS-acoustic positioning technique that expresses a complex underwater sound speed structure and simultaneously provides constraints on sound speed parameters, if necessary. This study arranges the observation equation by considering multiple-layered sound speed gradients and develops a GNSS-acoustic positioning scheme using a Bayesian framework. The performance of the proposed GNSS-acoustic positioning method was investigated using synthetic datasets. The proposed method successfully modeled a complex underwater sound speed structure (e.g., temporal variations in sound speed gradients) using a dataset collected by dual sea surface platforms, which is highly sensitive to the underwater sound speed structure. It also provides robust solutions, even for a dataset with low sensitivity, by appropriately introducing constraints on the sound speed parameters. Moreover, the proposed method was applicable to an actual observational dataset, and it was confirmed that the GNSS-acoustic positioning method under special conditions (assumption of a temporally constant single-layered sound speed gradient) in a previous study can be reproduced by the constraints in the proposed method. Thus, the proposed method enabled us to flexibly model the underwater sound speed structure and accurately detect seafloor displacements for various types of observation datasets. The proposed method was implemented in the open-source GNSS-acoustic positioning software “SeaGap.”
Graphical abstract
Comprehensive characterization of solar wind interaction with lunar crustal magnetic fields: Kaguya low-altitude observations
Authors: Ogino Kohei , Harada Yuki , Nishino Masaki N. , Saito Yoshifumi , Yokota Shoichiro , Kasahara Yoshiya , Kumamoto Atsushi , Takahashi Futoshi , Shimizu Hisayoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough the Moon does not have a global intrinsic magnetic field, lunar crustal magnetic anomalies (LMAs) are nonuniformly distributed over the lunar surface. The interaction between the solar wind and LMAs leads to the formation of mini-magnetospheres. Since the spatial scales of LMAs are very small, below several tens of kilometers, solar wind ions are demagnetized while electrons are still magnetized, forming Hall electric fields typically at low altitudes ($$<\sim$$

<
∼

30 km). Since direct observations of these interaction regions are challenging from typical nominal altitudes of lunar orbiters ($$>\sim$$

>
∼

100 km), the solar wind-LMA interaction has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyze low-altitude data obtained by Kaguya over various LMAs to comprehensively characterize the plasma environment and electromagnetic fields in the solar wind-LMA interaction region. We observe strong solar wind ion reflection and whistler mode waves at 1–10 Hz under high solar wind dynamic pressure and strong interplanetary magnetic field conditions, respectively. These trends are particularly clear over spatially extended LMAs. Over both spatially isolated and extended LMAs, strong Broadband Electrostatic Noise at 1–10 kHz tends to be observed when the spacecraft is magnetically connected to the lunar surface. In addition, our results suggest that anti-moonward electrostatic fields at low altitudes contribute to the acceleration, deceleration, and reflection of incident solar wind particles, and the resulting modification of particle velocity distribution functions can strongly influence the nature of the solar wind-LMA interaction including plasma wave excitation. Based on Kaguya data, we also develop a predictable indicator of the central interaction region where solar wind ions and electrons are decoupled. We propose that this indicator can be utilized to define regions of interest for future low-altitude or lander missions to LMA.
Graphical Abstract
Spatiotemporal distribution and seismic interaction of very-low-frequency earthquakes in the northern Ryukyu Trench
Authors: Nakamura Mamoru , Kuo Ban-Yuan , Lin Pei-Ying Patty , Kodaira Shuichi , Ishihara Yasushi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSlow earthquakes play a crucial role in understanding stress accumulation and release along plate interfaces in subduction zones. The northern Ryukyu Trench, where the Philippine Sea Plate subducts northwestward beneath the Eurasian Plate, experienced a major earthquake in 1911 and is currently regarded as a low-seismicity area (LSA). Understanding the seismic activity in this region, particularly the relationship between very-low-frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) and regular seismic events, is crucial for understanding subduction zone dynamics. We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of VLFE activity in the northern Ryukyu Trench using broadband ocean-bottom seismometers deployed around Amami Island between September 2018 and June 2019. Our analysis, employing the envelope correlation method, revealed that VLFE activity is primarily concentrated northeast of Amami Island, an area characterized by low regular earthquake activity, with the distribution of VLFEs spatially segregated from that of regular earthquakes. Furthermore, we observed earthquake swarm activity at the edges of the LSA in the northern Ryukyu Trench following VLFE activity. In November 2018, intense VLFE activity northeast of Amami Island migrated northeastward, which was followed by a regular earthquake swarm at the edge of this LSA. Following VLFE activity in January 2019, additional seismic activity, including foreshocks, occurred at the edges of this LSA approximately 1 month later. The spatial segregation of VLFEs and regular earthquakes suggests that VLFE activity may be influenced by the migration of high-pressure fluids within the subducted slab. This migration appears to trigger related time-delayed seismic activity, similar to mechanisms observed in other subduction zones such as Hikurangi. Understanding these dynamics is essential for assessing the coupling state of subduction zones and associated fluid behaviors, which play a critical role in evaluating seismic hazards in LSAs.
Graphical Abstract
Achieving malaria-free: Egypt's journey to WHO certification and global implications for disease control
Authors: Amisu Blessing Olawumi , Okesanya Olalekan John , Ahmed Mohamed Mustaf , Abdelbar Sohaila Mohamed Mohamed , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEgypt's recent malaria-free certification by the World Health Organization (WHO) marks a significant achievement in public health, underscoring the effectiveness of sustained national efforts in disease eradication. This milestone, achieved after nearly a century of strategic intervention, highlights the importance of integrated public health programmes and cross-sector collaboration. Egypt's journey involved early initiatives to reduce human–mosquito contact, the establishment of malaria control stations, and comprehensive outbreak management strategies. This country's success serves as an exemplar for other African nations, emphasizing the need for adaptable, community-focused approaches to disease control. Despite challenges such as drug-resistant malaria strains and pesticide-resistant mosquitoes, Egypt's experience demonstrates the potential for successful malaria elimination through coordinated efforts and innovative solutions. This accomplishment contributes to regional health improvements, and provides valuable insights into global malaria eradication strategies.
Neurosurgery in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a historical review
Authors: Kabulo Kantenga Dieu Merci , Mutomb Ntshindj Sarah , Yengayenga Kingombe , Mudegereza Safari Paterne , Neba Glennie Ntsambi , Beltchika Antoine , Kalangu Kazadi Kaluile Ntenga , Ntalaja Jeff 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a Central African country with the second largest surface area and the fourth largest population on the continent. DRC has witnessed numerous innovations and faced several challenges including health, economic, and social crises.

Research question
This historical review aims to outline major developments in DRC neurosurgical practice with an emphasis on challenges and potential solutions.

Material and methods
This historical review was compiled using data from stakeholder interviews, grey literature (health policy and event documentation at the hospital, provincial, and national levels) and peer-reviewed document analysis. The authors used triangulation to verify the data collected by each method and the final data were abstracted and presented narratively.

Results
The first neurosurgery unit was established in the capital, Kinshasa, in 1979. This centre aimed to provide much needed neurosurgical services and training with the limited resources available at the time. As of July 2023, DRC has 19 neurosurgeons including 2 of female gender. Four neurosurgeons from the diaspora deliver care part-time supplementing the local specialist workforce and 7 residents are enrolled at the University of Kinshasa residency programme. In addition, there are at least 22 DRC residents training in other centres worldwide.

Conclusions
DRC neurosurgery has faced numerous challenges, some of which have been overcome in the past decade. The recent improvements are encouraging for this country of more than 95 million inhabitants but more effort and time will be needed to fully overcome existing challenges.
Intravascular ultrasound-derived virtual fractional flow reserve in the superficial femoral artery
Authors: Shimada Takenobu , Iwasaki Yoshihiro , Funatsu Atsushi , Kobayashi Tomoko , Nakamura Shigeru , Fukuda Daiju 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) can be estimated by analysis of intravascular imaging in a coronary artery; however, there are no data for estimated FFR in an extremity artery. The aim of this concept-generating study was to determine whether it is possible to estimate the value of peripheral FFR (PFFR) by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis also in femoropopliteal artery lesions.

Methods
Between April 2022 and February 2023, PFFR was measured before endovascular therapy in 31 stenotic femoropopliteal artery lesions. High-definition IVUS measurement was simultaneously performed in automatic pullback mode in 6 of those 31 lesions. IVUS-derived PFFR was calculated by an algorithm based on fluid dynamics as the following equation: ΔP = FV + SV2. F is the coefficient of pressure loss because of viscous friction (Poiseuille’s equation) and S is the coefficient of local pressure loss because of flow separation (Bernoulli’s equation). The values of F and S were calculated by analysis of IVUS. V is velocity and the value of V was obtained from previously reported data in a duplex ultrasound study. The mean pressure was assumed to be 80 mmHg, and IVUS-derived PFFR was calculated by the following equation: IVUS-derived PFFR = (80 – ΔP) / 80.

Results
The values of IVUS-derived PFFR and actual PFFR were similar: 0.73 and 0.72, 0.87 and 0.92, 0.90 and 0.92, 0.66 and 0.73, and 0.79 and 0.72, respectively. In one case in which run-off of the below-the-knee artery was poor, PFFR (0.91) was higher than the IVUS-derived PFFR (0.73).

Conclusion
Virtual PFFR in the superficial femoral artery can be estimated from IVUS analysis.
Protein expression of CD44 in patients with meningioma tumors: association with clinicopathological parameters and survival
Authors: Trivedi Trupti , Bhalala Neha , Dialani Kirti , Trivedi Priti 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Meningiomas are a molecularly ill-defined heterogeneous group of indolent intracranial tumors. Though, WHO grade 1 tumors are histologically benign, sometimes they transform into malignant and may be recurrent which remains always challenging to clinicians. Therefore, the current study sought to discover the clinical relevance of CD44 in meningioma patients.

Method
Protein expression of CD44 was investigated using immunohistochemistry in a total of 70 meningioma patients. Immunoscore performed using modified H-score, CD44 expression correlated with clinicopathological parameters and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate survival analysis was analyzed. The data was evaluated using SPSS statistical software and P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results
The membranous and cytoplasmic protein expression of CD44 was noted in meningioma tumors. Based on H-score, the weak (0–190 score) and strong (191–300 score) immunoreactivity was observed in 62.9% and 37.1% of patients, respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between strong CD44 expression and WHO grade 2/3 tumors (χ2 = 33.551, r = + 0.692, P = 0.0001), and with the presence of brain invasion (χ2 = 19.521, r = + 0.528, P = 0.001). In Kaplan–Meier univariate survival analysis for PFS and OS, apart from WHO grade of tumors (PFS; log-rank = 12.309, P = 0.0001, OS; log-rank = 17.830, P = 0.0001) and brain invasion status (PFS; log-rank = 11.941, P = 0.001, OS; log-rank = 13.554, P = 0.0001) CD44 expression (PFS; log-rank = 14.942, P = 0.0001, OS; log-rank = 20.986, P = 0.0001) remained significant prognostic factor for PFS and OS. In multivariate survival analysis, at step 1, only CD44 remained independent prognosticator for PFS (HR = 11.014, 95% CI = 2.256–23.602, P = 0.001) and OS (HR = 8.553, 95% CI = 2.831–25.847, P = 0.0001). In relation to treatment offered, patients with strong CD44 expression and if treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy showed a high incidence of death (log-rank = 13.402, P = 0.0001) as compared to patients treated with surgery only. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves also confirmed a good efficacy of CD44 as a prognosticator for disease outcome (PFS; P = 0.0001, OS; P = 0001).

Conclusion
Our overall findings addressed that a study of CD44 protein expression would be beneficiated to meningioma patients from unnecessary overtreatment and drug-induced toxicity. Also, CD44 could be one of the promising biomarkers that might differentiate high-risk meningioma patients for better treatment management.