bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human semicircular canal form: Ontogenetic changes and variation of shape and size
Authors: Cárdenas‐Serna Marcela , Jeffery Nathan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe semicircular canals (SCCs) transduce angular acceleration of the head into neuronal signals, and their morphology has been used to infer function. Once formed, the bony labyrinth, that surrounds the canals, is tightly regulated and has a very low bone turnover. However, relaxed postnatal inhibition of bone remodelling later in ontogeny may allow for some organised adjustments of shape and size or for greater stochastic variation. In the present study, we test the hypotheses that after birth, the shape and size of the bony canal changes or becomes more variable, or both. We study microCT scans of human perinatal and adult temporal bones using a combination of geometric morphometric analysis and cross‐sectional measures. Results revealed marginal differences of size (<5%), of cross‐sectional shape and of measurement variability. Geometry of the three canals together and their cross‐sectional areas were, however, indistinguishable between perinates and adults. These mixed findings are indicative of diminutive levels of relaxed inhibition superimposed over a constrained template of SCC morphology.
Ecological studies of colonized invertebrate communities on cultivated seaweeds in a typical mariculture zone, China
Authors: Wang Qing , Ren Hui , Yang Yufeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe invertebrate communities on floating cultivated seaweeds were studied by both field surveys and experiments in order to analyze community structure in a typical mariculture zone, Nanao, South China. Samples of invertebrates were collected from the water and the thalli of the seaweeds, Gracilaria lemaneiformis and G. chouae. The results showed that both species were rapidly colonized by invertebrates after being introduced into the mariculture region. The communities on the seaweeds were significantly different from those in the ambient waters. Invertebrate abundance was much higher in the seaweed than in the water. The high proportion of larvae indicates that these species are using the seaweed thalli as a platform for reproduction. Therefore, large‐scale seaweed cultivation is beneficial for colonization of invertebrates and shelters higher numbers of copepod larvae than in the sea. This drives ecological changes in the invertebrate communities in coastal ecosystems and facilitates interactions with other communities and higher trophic levels in the cultivated seaweed food web. We propose a conceptual model that summarizes the results from this study and guides future studies on the relationships between seaweed and the invertebrate community.
Portal Setup: the Key Point in the Learning Curve for Hip Arthroscopy Technique
Authors: Haipeng Li , Ji Li , Juanli Zhu , Lijun Shi , Yujie Liu , Zhongli Li , Zhigang Wang , Lu Kong , Chunbao Li 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the learning curve experience of hip arthroscopy based on patient demographics, surgical time, portal setup time, and postoperative complications and to find the key point in the learning curve.MethodsFrom May 2016 to February 2019, a prospective study on the learning curve experience of hip arthroscopy was performed in our hospital. We evaluated the first 50 consecutive hip arthroscopy procedures performed by a single surgeon. There were nine females and 41 males with a mean age of 30.8 years. We divide the patients into early group and late group according to the date of their operation, with each group including 25 patients. Data on patient demographics, types of procedure, surgical time, portal setup time, and postoperative complications were collected. Functional scores were assessed with the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS).ResultsPatients were followed up for 16.4 months on average (range, 13–27 months). The early group of patients had a mean age of 35.2 years and the late group a mean age of 26.5 years. The most common procedures performed for the early group were debridement (17 patients, 68%), and in the late group, most patients underwent labral repair (18 patients, 72%). Mean total surgical time was 168 min for the early group and 143 min for the late group, and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. The portal setup time in the early group and late group was 40.2 ± 12.4 min and 18.5 ± 6.2 min, respectively (P < 0.001), and the portal setup time was significantly longer in the early group. Further analysis of the learning curve of portal setup showed that the average portal setup time was not statistically significant changed after 30 cases. There were six complications including iatrogenic cartilage injury and iatrogenic labrum injury in the early group and five complications including perineal crush injury and nerve stretch injury in the late group. The functional score of patients in the late group was significantly higher than that in the early group during follow‐up.ConclusionThe steep learning curve of hip arthroscopy is mainly caused by the challenge of portal setup and portalrelated complications were more common in the early group than in the late group. Surgical time is not an effective indicator for evaluating progress on the learning curve of hip arthroscopy.
Application of fuzzy logic for adaptability and stability studies in flood‐irrigated rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: da Silva Júnior Antônio Carlos , da Silva Michele Jorge , da Costa Weverton Gomes , de Sousa Ithalo Coelho , Cruz Cosme Damião , Nascimento Moysés , Soares Plínio César 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to use fuzzy logic as an auxiliary tool in the assessment of adaptability and stability, using grain‐yield data from flood‐irrigated rice, evaluated in different agricultural years. Eighteen rice genotypes belonging to flood‐irrigated rice breeding programme were evaluated over four agricultural years, 2012/2013 to 2015/2016, totalling 12 environments (3 sites × 4 years). The methodologies of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998) and Centroid's were used. Fuzzy logic was applied to the results of these methodologies as a tool for interpretation and decision‐making regarding the recommendation of genotypes. Performances of the different flood‐irrigated rice genotypes were influenced by environmental conditions, thereby justifying the use of multiple adaptability and stability methodologies. The use of fuzzy logic in the selection of flood‐irrigated rice genotypes is a useful and promising tool in breeding programmes, allowing information from different parameters to be used to understand the influence of environmental variations on the performance of crop genotypes.
Stem cell transplantation for pediatric patients with adrenoleukodystrophy: A nationwide retrospective analysis in Japan
Authors: Kato Koji , Yabe Hiromasa , Shimozawa Nobuyuki , Adachi Souichi , Kurokawa Mineo , Hashii Yoshiko , Sato Atsushi , Yoshida Nao , Kaga Makiko , Onodera Osamu , Kato Shunichi , Atsuta Yoshiko , Morio Tomohiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X‐linked recessive disorder and 30–40% of patients develop progressive cerebral neurodegeneration. For symptomatic ALD patients, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is considered the standard treatment modality to stabilize or prevent the progression of neurological symptoms.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the transplant outcomes of 99 pediatric patients with cerebral ALD in Japan. The conditioning regimens included Regimen A: fludarabine/melphalan/low‐dose total body irradiation (TBI) with brain sparing (n = 39), Regimen B; busulfan/cyclophosphamide ± others (n = 23), Regimen C: melphalan/total lymphoid irradiation/thoracoabdominal irradiation ± anti‐T lymphocyte globulin ± fludarabine (n = 27), and Regimen D: others (n = 10).ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) of all patients were 90.0% and 72.9%, respectively. The 5‐year OS was 100.0% for Regimen A, 91.1% for Regimen B, 84.4% for Regimen C, and 67.5% for Regimen D (p = 0.028). The 5‐year EFS was 78.3% for Regimen A, 78.0% for Regimen B, 70.4% for Regimen C, and 48.0% for Regimen D (p = 0.304). The OS marginally improved after 2007 compared with before 2006 (95.3% vs. 85.2%, p = 0.066), due to the improvement of cord blood transplantation (CBT) outcomes after 2007 compared with before 2006 (96.6% vs. 68.4%, p = 0.005). On magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, a reduced Loes score after SCT was only observed in one of the 15 bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients, but in 5 of the 15 CBT patients (p = 0.173).ConclusionsOur study revealed that a reduced conditioning regimen with fludarabine/melphalan/low‐dose TBI provides better outcomes, and the results of CBT significantly improved after 2007.
Acute kidney disease predicts chronic kidney disease in pediatric non‐kidney solid organ transplant patients
Authors: Patel Mital , Heipertz Anna , Joyce Emily , Kellum John A. , Horvat Christopher , Squires James E. , West Shawn C. , Priyanka Priyanka , Fuhrman Dana Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney disease (AKD) is defined as impaired kidney function present for <90 days with or without an acute kidney injury (AKI) event. Adults with AKD have an increased risk for progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality. There are no data on the epidemiology of AKD in children after transplant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for AKI, AKD, and CKD in children after transplantation.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of all children undergoing non‐kidney solid organ transplant between 2011 and 2019 at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. AKI and AKD were defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Patients with a new estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73m2 persisting for >3 months met criteria for new CKD. Variables associated with AKI, AKD, and CKD were analyzed.ResultsAmong 338 patients, 37.9% met criteria for severe AKI, 13% for AKD, and 8% for a new diagnosis of CKD. Stage 3 AKI was independently associated with AKD (OR: 5.35; 95% CI: 2.23–12.86). Severe AKI was not associated with new‐onset CKD, whereas AKD was associated with new‐onset CKD (OR: 29.74; CI: 11.22–78.82).ConclusionAKD may be superior to AKI in predicting risk of CKD in children after non‐kidney solid organ transplantation.
New species Micractinium kostikovii (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) from Russia
Authors: Krivina Elena , Temraleeva Anna , Sinetova Maria 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYCorrectly identifying species of Chlorella‐like microalgae is difficult because of their morphological simplicity and high phenotypic plasticity. The use of molecular tools has revolutionized research on algal diversity, enabling such advances as the discovery of numerous new taxa. This article presents the results of a study of strains that are newly isolated from a freshwater Lake Prudovikov (Samara region, Russian Federation). These strains had the typical Chlorella morphology, exhibiting spherical cells and a cup‐shaped parietal chloroplast. The chloroplast contained a single pyrenoid enveloped by starch grains. However, 18S–ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 sequence analyses indicated that the studied strains are strongly allied with the well‐supported genus Micractinium. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the morphological, molecular and environmental characteristics of the studied strains (employing a polyphasic approach), we propose that they are new species of Micractinium: Micractinium kostikovii sp. nov.
The Great Homeland: Nationalist discourse and disappointment among the ‘grandchildren of the Ottomans’
Authors: Levin Irina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the ‘nationalist movement’ of Ahıska, a forcibly displaced people who have been arriving in Turkey from various parts of the former Soviet Union since the early 1990s. I focus on how members of this community attempt to define the Turkish nation, how they invoke migration to Turkey as a patriotic and nationalist act, how they criticize the state’s responses to this migration as insufficiently nationalist, and how they respond to the movement of non‐Turkish others into the territorial and documentary space that they seek to inhabit. This nationalist movement, albeit small in number, demands our attention because it is born of a phenomenon that is intimately familiar to displaced people and not commonly associated with nationalism – the longing for rest. This longing animates Ahıska efforts to organize themselves and engage with the Turkish state. What possibilities and limitations does this genre of nationalist movement hold for displaced people across the world?
A mixed methods exploration of secondary students’ attitudes and intentions in relation to elective science course enrollment
Authors: Summers Ryan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany students have the opportunity to enroll in elective courses during secondary school and the choices they make about pursuing specific electives may foreshadow future outcomes. The present study utilized a sequential, mixed methods design to investigate the association between students’ attitudes toward science, their declared intentions to engage with science in the future, and their eventual decision to enroll in an elective science course. Students in grades 9 through 11 completed a 30‐item survey rooted in the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, which provided self‐report data about their attitudes, intentions, and related variables (N = 698). Course enrollment data were obtained during the following academic year for a sub‐sample of Grade 12 students who previously completed the survey. Pathway analysis supported the theoretical model and explained a majority of the variance between students’ reported intentions and their actual course enrollment. Other factors that students considered when making their decisions were investigated through group interviews. Based on interviews conducted, students that enrolled in an elective science course generally saw science as a part of their post‐secondary plans.
The Role of Natio‐Ethno‐Cultural Difference in Narratives of Neighbourhood Change – An Arrival Area in the East German Context
Authors: Wiest Karin , Torreiter Laura , Kirndörfer Elisabeth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article investigates the representations and perceptions of an arrival neighbourhood in the broader context of an urban society with a post‐socialist migration history. The study is situated in the East German city of Leipzig, which is characterised by a particular dynamic demographic development and a newly emerging plurality through immigration. By juxtaposing public media coverage about the neighbourhood and subjective perspectives of migrant homeowners and entrepreneurs, the paper approaches societal inclusions and exclusions that take effect through attributions of ‘natio‐ethno‐cultural difference’. The media and individual‐subjective narratives around the neighbourhood referring to the differentiated logics in dealing with migration reflect power hierarchies on different scales and are linked with the national East‐West relation.
Cholecystectomy in 23 cats (2005‐2021)
Authors: Simpson Matthew , Neville‐Towle Jack , Lee Karla , Rossanese Matteo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, treatments, and long‐term outcomes following cholecystectomy in cats.Study designClinical retrospective study.AnimalsTwenty‐three client‐owned cats.MethodsMedical records of all cats undergoing cholecystectomy between 2005 and 2021 at a single referral hospital were retrospectively reviewed. No cats were excluded. An owner questionnaire assessed long‐term outcomes.ResultsVomiting, jaundice, and abdominal pain were the most common clinical signs; median duration of signs was 4 days (range 1‐21). Cholelithiasis was the major indication for cholecystectomy followed by cholecystitis. Intraoperative hypotension and postoperative anemia were commonly encountered. Nine cats required a postoperative blood product transfusion. Cardiopulmonary arrest and death occurred in five cats. Eighteen cats (78.3%) survived to discharge. Long‐term follow up (>60 days) was available for 16 cats at a median of 1003 days (range 81‐4995). Fifteen cats survived over 6 months with eight cats (44.4%) surviving over 3 years. The most common short‐term and long‐term postoperative complication was vomiting. Owners assessed postoperative outcome as excellent in all cats and quality of life as excellent or good.ConclusionThe most common indication for cholecystectomy was cholelithiasis. Perioperative complications were commonly encountered. Perioperative mortality rate was 21.7%. Long‐term owner evaluation of clinical outcome was considered excellent.Clinical significanceCats undergoing cholecystectomy for non‐neoplastic causes can have a favorable prognosis for recovery and quality of life. Concurrent extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction is not a contraindication for cholecystectomy provided that patency of the common bile duct is restored.
Experimental Study of NCM-Si Batteries With Bi-Directional Actuation
Authors: Shan Shuhua , Gonzalez Cody , Rahn Christopher , Frecker Mary 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Silicon is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Its high theoretical capacity (4000 mAh/g) has the potential to meet the demands of high-energy density applications, such as electric air and ground vehicles. The volume expansion of Si during lithiation is over 300%, indicating its promise as a large strain electrochemical actuator. A Si-anode battery is multifunctional, storing electrical energy and actuating through volume change by lithium-ion insertion.
To utilize the property of large volume expansion, we design, fabricate, and test two types of Si anode cantilevers with bi-directional actuation: (a) bimorph actuator and (b) insulated double unimorph actuator. A transparent battery chamber is fabricated, provided with NCM cathodes, and filled with electrolyte. The relationship between state of charge and electrode deformation is measured using current integration and high-resolution photogrammetry, respectively. The electrochemical performance, including voltage versus capacity and Coulombic efficiency versus cycle number, is measured for several charge/discharge cycles. Both configurations exhibit deflections in two directions and can store energy. In case (a), the largest deflection is roughly 35% of the cantilever length. Twisting and unexpected bending deflections are observed in this case, possibly due to back-side lithiation, non-uniform coating thickness, and uneven lithium distribution. In case (b), the single silicon active coating layer can deflect 12 passive layers.
Electrical Self-Sensing of Pulsed Laser Ablation in Nanofiller-Modified Composites
Authors: Jain Rajan , Hassan Hashim , Chen Weinong , Tallman Tyler N. , Kedir Nesredin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Laser-to-composite interactions are becoming increasingly common in diverse applications such as diagnostics, fabrication and machining, and weapons systems. Despite a lack of physical contact, lasers can induce seemingly imperceptible structural damage to materials. In safety-critical venues like aerospace, automotive, and civil infrastructure where composites are playing an increasingly prominent role, it is desirable to have means of sensing laser exposure on a composite material. Self-sensing materials may be a powerful method of addressing this need. Herein, we present an initial exploratory study on the potential of using changes in electrical measurements as a way of detecting laser exposure to a carbon nanofiber (CNF)-modified glass fiber/epoxy laminate. CNFs were dispersed in liquid epoxy resin prior to laminate fabrication via hand layup. The dispersed CNFs form a three-dimensional conductive network which allows for electrical measurements to be taken from the traditionally insulating glass fiber/epoxy material system. It is expected that damage to the network will disrupt the electrical pathways, thereby causing the material to exhibit slightly higher resistance. To test laser sensing capabilities, a resistance baseline of the CNF-modified glass fiber/epoxy was first established before laser exposure. The specimens were then exposed to an infra-red laser operating at 1064 nm, 35 kHz, and pulse duration of 8.2 ns. The specimens were irradiated for a total of 20 seconds (4 exposures each at 5 seconds). The resistances of the specimens were then measured again post-ablation. It was found that the average resistance increased by about 18 percent. This established that the laser was indeed causing damage to the specimen sufficient to evoke a change in electrical properties. To expand on this result, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was employed for localization of 1, 3, and 5-second laser exposure on a larger specimen. EIT was not only successful in detecting damage that was virtually imperceptible to the human-eye, but it also accurately localized the exposure sites. The post-ablation conductivity of the exposure sites decreased in a manner that was comparable to the resistance increases obtained during prior resistance change testing. Based on this preliminary study, this research could lead to the development of a real-time exposure detection and tracking system for the measurement, fabrication, and defense industries.