bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Analgesia for Early Pain Management After Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Deng Xialin , Zhao Shishun , Guo Wenlai , Wan Xiao , You Di 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Timely and effective analgesia after tonsillectomy in children is crucial, but there is currently no consensus on the optimal analgesics. This analysis aimed to identify the most effective for this surgery.

METHODS:
We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (random-effects model) of randomized controlled trials comparing analgesics for pediatric tonsillectomy. We searched relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from database inception until June 30, 2023. Children (≤18 years old) who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcomes encompassed pain score and postoperative complications; secondary outcomes included postoperative supplementary analgesia, functional evaluation, and sedation score.

RESULTS:
In total 82 randomized controlled trials involving 6110 patients were included, forming the primary network that comprised comparative data for 16 different interventions (including placebo) across 6 types of analgesics. The integrated analysis revealed that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs except ketoprofen had no significant effects in relieving postoperative pain (mean difference [MD], −2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.59 to −0.32; P = .10). Local anesthetic infiltration (bupivacaine: MD, −2.76; 95% CI, −3.88 to −1.64, P = .01; ropivacaine: MD, −2.49; 95% CI, −4.25 to −0.73, P = .02; lidocaine: MD, −1.86; 95% CI,-3.52 to −0.2, P = .02; levobupivacaine: MD, −1.06; 95% CI, −2.00 to −0.12, P = .01), analgesics (morphine: MD, −2.07; 95% CI, −3.14 to −1.00; P = .02), and glucocorticoids (dexamethasone: MD, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.16; P = .01) were effective in relieving pain after pediatric tonsillectomy. In reducing incidence of postoperative complications, dexamethasone was superior to bupivacaine (relative risk [RR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43–0.83; P = .02). Regarding the number of patients needing rescue analgesic, levobupivacaine was superior to lidocaine (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.32–0.81; P = .01). In rescue analgesia requirement, morphine outperformed lidocaine (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25–0.75; P = .01) and ropivacaine (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32–0.91; P = .01) in efficacy but not different from bupivacaine (P = .10) and levobupivacaine (P = .12).

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on these results, we would recommend local bupivacaine infiltration or local levobupivacaine infiltration for older children and dexamethasone injection for younger children for early analgesia after tonsillectomy. However, clinicians should choose the optimal analgesic based on the individual child’s condition and clinical situation.
Paule Marshall, Urban Crisis, and the Bildungsroman in a Totalitarian Age
Authors: Morrison Spencer 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article presents Paule Marshall's Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) as a novel whose aesthetic engagements with totalitarianism disclose broader ideological ambivalences within 1950s-era Black antiracist thought and art. Marshall, like other midcentury Black authors, refashions a language of totalitarianism commonly wielded by cold warriors, directing it toward an anticolonial critique of Western racism. A central facet of this critique is Marshall's representation of inner-city America as an internal colony whose race-based oppression resonates with overseas colonial injustices. However, in Marshall's novel, this critique unfolds through the Bildung of a protagonist whose rebellious growth ultimately connotes the geopolitical value of freedom trumpeted abroad by the US state at midcentury. The political energies the article's reading discerns in the novel are thus at once liberal and radical, nationalist and internationalist. Brown Girl, Brownstones contains residues of a radical internationalist critique of globalized racism articulated by Black anticolonial activists of 1940s; however, its major antiracist currents reflect the ascension among 1950s activists of a liberal narrative foregrounding the struggle for civil rights within America itself, one in which the nation-state struggled to actualize its democratic potential. Marshall's novel, that is, ultimately dissents from midcentury US liberalism while never quite entirely disavowing its tenets.
Prison Writing Anthologies in the United States
Authors: Lockard Joe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Prison writing anthologies have provided a defining presence in US prison literature. They have served as a vehicle for incarcerated writers to communicate with outside readers, even though early anthologies frequently relied on patronizing or obsequious language to gain publication. The late 1960s and early 1970s witnessed a surge in prison writing anthologies, a development that responded to rising social consciousness of prisons as sites created by and expressing racial, gender, and class inequalities. Sections of the present article address prison anthologies as a mobilization genre; an editorial typology of these anthologies; a brief history of this subgenre in the United States; and political consciousness and prison anthology production. The article discusses the emergence of prison anthologies as a coherent democratic publishing movement that has supported the twenty-first-century renaissance in US prison writing, and it theorizes this subgenre.
Securing Agricultural Systems Against the Threat of Misinformation
Authors: Stephen Simone , Ruffin Daphne , Palmer Xavier , Potter Lucas 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsTouches on various cybersecurity vulnerabilities within agriculture.Promotes agricultural, media, and environmental literacy.Highlights the dangers of disinformation and misinformation.Explores the complex relationship between disinformation, misinformation, agriculture, and cybersecurity.Abstract. Agriculture is an essential practice and industry that has completely transformed human civilization and society by revolutionizing farming. It is a 10,000-year-old science involving the cultivation of crops and livestock, acting as the backbone of economies globally (Marsh, 2021; National Geographic, 2022). As the technological world rapidly evolves, modern agriculture implements various innovations and advancements to further develop its practices. Though necessary, these technological adaptations create great risk for the sector as they stand vulnerable to threats of cyber-attacks and misinformation. These threats have the potential to significantly damage agribusinesses and farms, food safety, and the environment. To combat this, it is integral to implement cyberbiosecurity practices and various methods to reduce the impacts of misinformation. This requires careful consideration and action of stakeholders in agriculture, cybersecurity, and policy in a collaborative effort to mitigate misinformation and cyber threats to agriculture, protecting food security. This work explores misinformation in agriculture and its connection to cyberbiosecurity, presents strategies to address related risks, and considers the future challenges provided by recently developing technologies. The analysis demands direct action to safeguard agricultural systems from various threats to ultimately protect the food supply, economy, and the environment as a whole. Keywords: Agriculture, Biocybersecurity, Cyberbiosecurity, Disinformation, Healthcare, Misinformation.
The effects of the minimum wage on inequality
Authors: Arribas Cámara Javier , Cárdenas Luis , Rial Adrián 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The effects of the minimum wage on employment and wages have been widely studied, but its impact on inequality has not yet been well analysed due to the multiple ways of observing it. This study aims to compile the most relevant publications that have dealt with inequality in order to organise them systematically by types of inequality and the conclusions that have been reached on the effects of the minimum wage. Finally, and taking into account the uncertainties that characterise any long-term forecast, it is observed that although the minimum wage is not neutral in its effects and has negative repercussions on employment, these are relatively mild. Nevertheless, from all the perspectives analysed, the minimum wage can be seen to have positive consequences for the reduction of inequality.
On-chip optical memristors based on ferroelectric-doped graphene
Authors: Zhang Yong , Chen Bing , Wang Jianguo , Luo Zheng-Dong , Tian Ruijuan , Yao Danyang , Wang Xiaomu , Liu Yan , Hao Yue , Han Genquan , Gan Xuetao 
Published: December 2024

Chip-integrated optical memristors, modulating light in a nonvolatile and semicontinuous manner, are attractive to revolutionize on-chip optical signal processing via the constructions of nonvolatile reconfigurable photonic circuits, in-memory computing, brain-inspired architectures, etc. Mechanisms, including phase-change, filamentation, and ferroelectricity, have been attempted to implement on-chip optical memristors, though their intricate tradeoffs between fabrication compatibility, modulation depth, power consumption, retention time, and cyclability make it desired to pursue new architectures. Here, we demonstrate graphene-based on-chip optical amplitude and phase memristors by electrostatically doping the graphene integrated on a silicon nitride waveguide with a ferroelectric film. Benefiting from graphene’s significant dependence of complex refractive index on its carrier density and the ferroelectric remnant doping, semicontinuous nonvolatile modulation with a maximum depth of ∼32.5dB is realized with a low programming energy of ∼1.86pJ/µm2, exhibiting good cyclability (fluctuation ratio <0.9%) and long retention time (over 10 years). By integrating the graphene-based optical memristor with cascaded microring resonators, in-memory computings with multiple wavelength channels are demonstrated by analogue matrix-vector multiplication and digital logic gate operations. Combining these merits with CMOS-compatible on-chip graphene integration, the demonstrated graphene-based optical memristor has proven to be a competitive candidate for high-bandwidth neuromorphic computing, convolutional processing, and artificial intelligence on photonic integrated circuits.
Embedding the patient voice into research on spontaneous preterm birth—themes from a Preterm Birth Advisory Council
Authors: Corbett Gillian , Daly Mandy , Keegan Dylan , Horgan Patricia , Keyes Catriona , Luethe Larissa , Corcoran Siobhan , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) has a deep immediate impact on patients but also alters their care and experience in subsequent pregnancies. There is an absence of the pregnant patient’s voice in the research surrounding pregnancy at risk of sPTB.

Materials/methods
The Preterm Birth Advisory Council was established at the National Maternity Hospital (NMH) in January 2023, to introduce and embed the patient voice in research into sPTB prevention. Council members include patients with lived experience of sPTB, patient advocate representatives and clinicians involved in sPTB preventative care. Topics around sPTB prevention were openly discussed with experts by experience and shared with sPTB advocacy groups. Responses were analysed for themes most important to those with lived experience. Ethical approval was granted by NMH Research Ethics Committee.

Results
In total, seven experts by experience gave their views over the course of a three month period. Six key themes were observed:

Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Birth Research. Low priority was placed on the modality, route and duration of interventions. The most important aspect of an intervention is its clinical efficacy. High tolerance thresholds were described in sacrifice for a positive pregnancy outcome
Preterm Birth Preventative care as a patient-led care model. While medical and surgical interventions play their role in objectively reducing risk, much of pregnancy care after preterm birth centres on psychological support and continuity of care.
Lack of awareness on risk factors for sPTB is an obstacle to timely referral and access to care. Patient experience of preterm birth prevention and timely interventions are improved where risk factor awareness exists.
Importance of preconceptual counselling. The unexpected nature of adverse outcome adds additional trauma to the event itself. Anticipation of adverse event can improve sense of control, minimise trauma and increase ability to cope.
The partner’s experience of pregnancy at risk of preterm birth is largely missing from focus of research and clinical care. Peer-support, digital resources or partner handbooks may be helpful for support persons.
Traumatic language included referring to a mid-trimester pregnancy loss or peri-viable preterm birth as a ‘miscarriage.’ Regarding language around preterm birth, there was no preferred term identified for women with risk factors or experience of preterm birth.

Conclusions
The Preterm Birth Advisory Council places the voice of those impacted by preterm birth at the centre of research into its prevention. The themes identified may guide activities within this research area in local settings and international platforms. It is the council’s hope that supported by their work, it will be the patient’s voice that rings loudest in research in spontaneous preterm birth prevention.
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in children and adults in 2021 and 2022
Authors: Soeorg Hiie , Abroi Aare , Päll Taavi , Dotsenko Liidia , Jaaniso Erik , Kaarna Katrin , Lahesaare Andrio , Naaber Paul , Niglas Heiki , Oopkaup Ott Eric , Peterson Hedi , Reisberg Tuuli , Sadikova Olga , Smit Steven , Talas Ulvi Gerst , Avi Radko , Lutsar Irja , Huik Kristi 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
We aimed to describe SARS-CoV-2 lineages and diversity in children and adults in Estonia and similarity to travel-related cases and neighbouring countries.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2 sequences in 2021–2022 from a nationwide study were included. The proportion of predominant lineages in Estonian regions and among travel-related cases was described by multinomial logistic regression. Simpson’s indices of diversity were compared using linear regression. Dynamics of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was described by applying fuzzy clustering to non-metrical dimensional scaling results.

Results
A total of 2,630 sequences from children (<15 years) and 23,031 from adults (≥15 years) were included. The increase in the proportion of Alpha/Delta/Omicron BA.1/BA.2 lineages was delayed in smaller regions (by 3.5–27.5 days). The proportion of Alpha/Delta/Omicron BA.1 increased earlier among travel-related (n = 4,654) than non-travel-related cases (10.5 days). Diversity was lower in non-travel-related than travel-related cases until Delta period by 0.066. Dynamics of lineages and diversity were similar in adults and children. Similarity of lineages was delayed compared to Finland during Alpha/Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods and different from all neighbouring countries during Delta period.

Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 lineages in children and adults were similar. Differences between regions and travel-related cases and varying similarity to neighbouring countries suggest the importance of mobility in the spread.
Fandom and Polarization in Online Political Discussion: From Pop Culture to Politics, Renee Barnes (2022)
Authors: Williams Jenessa 
Published: December 2024

Review of: Fandom and Polarization in Online Political Discussion: From Pop Culture to Politics, Renee Barnes (2022)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 167 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03114-039-6, e-book, £87.50
Beyond Phonetics: Xu Kai’s Conception of Jiajie in the Shuowen Jiezi Xizhuan
Authors: Gustavsson Rickard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the tenth century, the Southern Tang court official Xu Kai 徐鍇 (920–974) wrote the Shuowen jiezi xizhuan 説文解字繫傳, which is the first known commentary on the Shuowen jiezi 説文解字. In his commentary, we find the first elaborate discussion of the liushu 六書 (“six scripts”) categories in Chinese lexicography. From the vantage point of the jiajie 假借 (lit. “borrowing and lending”), this paper explores Xu Kai’s study of the Chinese script. Specifically, it examines how Xu Kai expands upon Xu Shen’s work in the Shuowen by providing a more comprehensive account of the Chinese script beyond its formative stage. Furthermore, this paper argues that Xu Kai’s understanding and handling of the jiajie are closely linked to his notion of the Chinese script as imbued with moral and cosmological meaning. This emphasis on the Chinese script’s philosophical significance – which derives from the close relationship between character structures and natural patterns – leads Xu Kai to highlight the Chinese characters’ semantic aspects and downplay phonetic borrowing. Therefore, Xu Kai draws a sharp distinction between two types of jiajie: one which corresponds to semantic extension, which he associates with “men of wisdom”, and another which corresponds to phonetic borrowing, which he associates with “men of shallow understanding”. Throughout his analysis of individual characters, Xu Kai attempts to show how new meanings can develop in a logical fashion without reliance on phonetic borrowing. At the same time, he demonstrates how borrowing based only on phonetic connections typically leads to confusion and textual distortion.
Asymptotic study of a nonlinear elliptic boundary Steklov problem on a nanostructure
Authors: Maadan Hicham , Messaho Jamal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study is related to the existence and the asymptotic behavior of the solution of a nonlinear elliptic Steklov problem imposed on a nanostructure depending on the thickness parameter

ε

\varepsilon

(nano-scale), distributed on the boundary of the domain when the parameter

ε

\varepsilon

goes to 0, under some appropriate conditions on the data involved in the problem. We use epi-convergence method in order to establish the limit behavior by characterizing the weak limits of the energies for the solutions. An intermediate step in the proof provides a homogenization result for the considered structure.
Rock physics model for deep coal-bed methane reservoir based on equivalent medium theory: A case study of Carboniferous-Permian in Eastern Ordos Basin
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhang Haifeng , Pan Fuyou 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The deep coal-bed methane (CBM) resources represented by the Benxi Formation in the Eastern Ordos Basin have enormous potential and have achieved industrial breakthroughs in recent years. Rock physics modeling is a key research topic for predicting deep CBM reservoirs, but the relationship between parameters such as vitrinite reflectance (Ro), coal rock composition, total gas content, ash content, porosity, and elastic parameters is not clear, necessitating further research on rock physics models suitable for deep CBM reservoirs. On the basis of optimizing the skeleton parameters of the coal matrix (ash content, coal rock type), the porosity parameters of CBM reservoirs are obtained by using the nuclear magnetic resonance method. Equivalent calculation of adsorbed gas and total gas content using adsorbed gas as part of the coal matrix. Based on the measured data, calculate the pore fluid, temperature, and pressure data by taking the average or predicting the curve. Considering the geological characteristics and relevant background of deep CBM reservoirs in the Eastern Ordos Basin, a seismic rock physics model of hydrocarbon reservoirs considering the influence of CBM reservoirs was constructed. The specific process involves using coal matrix + adsorbed gas + matrix pores + cleat (or crack) pores as the dry skeleton, filling with water + free gas as the fluid, and using anisotropic rock physics modeling ideas to complete saturated coal rock physics modeling. By comparing the predicted longitudinal and transverse wave curves with actual measurements, the trends of the two are basically consistent, with a relative error of less than 1%, indicating that the model parameters are reasonably selected.
Association Between Early Marriage and Domestic Violence Among Women in Afghanistan: A Quantitative Study from Bamyan Province
Authors: Akbary Mohammad Fazel , Taqaddausi Mohammad Taqi , Fahimi Razia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the factors influencing domestic violence (DV) among women in Bamyan, Afghanistan, with a particular focus on the impact of early marriage. Data were collected through a survey of 356 women aged 15–49 from 24 villages in Bamyan, covering a total population of 15,054. The study employs logistic regression and chi-square tests to analyze the data. Findings indicate a strong association between early marriage and an increased likelihood of experiencing emotional, physical, and sexual violence. Protective factors such as higher education, greater autonomy, and negative attitudes toward wife beating significantly reduce the odds of DV. However, higher education levels among husbands were linked to increased odds of emotional and overall domestic violence, highlighting that education alone may not challenge deep-seated gender norms. The results call for comprehensive interventions to delay marriage, enhance women’s autonomy, and address societal attitudes toward gender and violence, aiming to create a safer and more equitable environment for women in Bamyan.
Climate Change: A Gendered Experience
Authors: Dominelli Lena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Climate change focuses on long-term weather patterns, not the daily fluctuations of weather. Concern over the burning of fossil fuels to undermine weather stability by warming the earth’s atmosphere, is longstanding. Eunice Foote first raised the issue in 1853. Other scientists followed – John Tyndall, and Svante Arrhenius, who was awarded the 1908 Nobel prize for chemistry for his work on the climate. These brilliant scientists did not differentiate the experiences of the impacts of climate change on different groups in the population, and thus the gendered experiences of climate events were not examined by them. In this article, I want to consider gender relations or the differentiated impact of climate change on men and women, while acknowledging that these also differ for those with other social attributes, including disabilities. These differences are significant, if under-researched, as is addressing climate change, urgently. How can communities be facilitated by climate change activists and experts to reduce gendered health and livelihood inequalities currently associated with the climate crisis in contemporary societies.
Beruflicher Quereinstieg als Karrierechance: Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Befragung von Führungskräften und Quereinsteigenden in NRW-Bibliotheken
Authors: Bartlakowski Katja , Petschenka Anke 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beruht auf einer Online-Umfrage zu Quereinstiegen in bibliothekarische Berufsfelder, die im Rahmen eines Projektmoduls im Bachelorstudiengang Bibliothek und digitale Kommunikation gemeinsam mit Studierenden an der TH Köln entwickelt wurde. Die Befragung wurde im Zeitraum von Mitte Juni bis Anfang Juli 2024 in Wissenschaftlichen und Öffentlichen Bibliotheken im Bundesland NRW durchgeführt. Diese Veröffentlichung wertet Ergebnisse zum Onboarding, den Erfahrungen und Aufgabenfeldern von Quereinsteigenden im Bibliotheksfeld sowie deren Einschätzung durch die Führungsebene aus.