bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of 99mTc EDDA/HYNIC-TOC (Tektrotyd) physiological and neuroendocrine tumour uptake using SPECT/CT standardised uptake values: initial experience
Authors: Reilly Caitlin , Gemmell Alastair J. , McLaughlin Ian M , Fleming Robert , Reed Nicholas , McIntosh David , Nicol Alice 
Published: March 2021

99mTc Ethylene diamine N,N'-diacetic acid hydrazinonicotinamide-conjugated Tyr3-octreotide (99mTc EDDA/HYNIC-TOC) single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging of somatostatin receptors is used in the assessment of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). The objective of this study was to characterise quantitative standardised uptake value (SUV) SPECT/CT of normal physiological uptake and NET disease. Forty-four patients (22 female and 22 male) referred for 99mTc EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT imaging for diagnosis/primary staging (n = 28) or the assessment of residual/recurrent disease (n = 16) were included. SPECT/CT SUVmax values were determined for normal physiological uptake (spleen, kidney, liver and bone) and NET disease (liver metastases, metastatic lymph nodes, bone metastases and intrapulmonary lesions). Statistical testing was performed to compare normal uptake and NET disease uptake in liver and bone (Student’s t-test).
The highest normal physiological uptake was observed in the spleen (mean SUVmax 29.8, SD 13.7), with lower uptake in the kidneys (16.7, 3.2) and liver (7.3, 2.1). Increased SUVmax values were observed in primary tumour and metastatic disease, greatest in liver metastases (21.8, 13.3), with lower, similar values obtained for metastatic lymph nodes (16.3, 7.5) and intrapulmonary lesions (17.5, 16.8). SUVmax in bone metastases averaged 12.9 (7.0). Significant differences were observed between normal and metastatic SUVmax in the liver and bone (P < 0.01). SPECT/CT SUV quantification is feasible in a manner similar to PET/CT. 99mTc EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT SUVmax has been characterised in NET disease, demonstrating high target to non-target ratios for primary tumours and metastatic lesions.
Targeted PET/CT imaging for clear cell renal cell carcinoma with radiolabeled antibodies: recent developments using girentuximab
Authors: van Oostenbrugge Tim , Mulders Peter 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Conventional imaging is unable to differentiate clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from other more indolent and benign renal tumors. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using radiolabeled antibodies may aid in detecting both localized and metastatic ccRCC. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent literature regarding the use of radiolabeled antibodies for imaging of ccRCC.

Recent findings
Two recent studies evaluated the use of radiolabeled anticarbonic anhydrase IX antibody girentuximab for the imaging of ccRCC. PET/CT with 89zirconium-labeled girentuximab (89Zr-girentuximab PET/CT) was used to guide clinical decision making in 16 patients with localized disease. It had a high specificity for detecting ccRCC with 6/6 resected lesions with uptake proven to be ccRCC, all lesion without uptake showed to be indolent during follow-up. Clinical management was changed in 36% (5/14) of patients with the metastatic disease based on outcomes of the scan. Furthermore, in 42 patients 89Zr-girentuximab PET/CT combined with CT outperformed CT alone or combined with 18F fludeoxyglucose PET for detection of metastasis.

Summary

89Zr-girentuximab PET/CT has the ability to diagnose ccRCC in localized disease. In metastatic disease, it enables the differentiation of ccRCC from non-ccRCC cancers and the evaluation of disease extent. 89Zr-girentuximab PET/CT diagnostic accuracy is currently evaluated in a multicenter phase III trial.
Salvage radical prostatectomy after local radiotherapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Pfister David , Kokx Ruud , Hartmann Florian , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Salvage surgeries are rarely offered and performed in prostate cancer except for isolated lymph node metastases. Meanwhile, data are sufficient that salvage radical prostatectomy is recommended by the guidelines. In the following review, we focus on different treatment strategies comparing open and DaVinci laparoscopic approach with regard to functional and oncologic outcome. Of further interest are palliative surgeries.

Recent findings
Salvage radical prostatectomy is mainly performed in high volume centres. Data are increasing on minimal invasive surgery, although data on functional outcome are conflicting. As patients with prostate cancer have longer life expectancy even in metastasized disease, the possibility of developing symptomatic progression increases as well. We need to be aware that the confrontation with symptomatic prostate cancer patients will be more frequent in the future and that there are surgical approaches to palliate these patients sufficiently.

Summary
Data on minimal invasive salvage radical prostatectomy are getting more valid and are an option in experienced centres. Salvage radical prostatectomy is a definitive curative option for the patients. To avoid local progression, palliative local surgeries need to be discussed with the patients.
Coping Strategies and Their Impact on Emotional Distress and Fatigue Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Levkovich Inbar 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
This study examined the relations between subjective stress and strategies for coping with stress (emotion control strategies and self-compassion), as well as the relations between emotional distress and fatigue.

Methods
The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were 170 women aged 24 to 82 years with diagnoses of breast cancer stages I to III who were 1 to 12 months postchemotherapy, with no current evidence of disease and no previous cancer diagnosis. Participants were recruited by consecutive sampling, and the overall response rate was 85%.

Results
Higher subjective stress was associated with higher emotional control (r = 0.23, P < 0.01), and both were associated with higher emotional distress (r = 0.63, P < 0.001; r = 0.20, P < 0.05). Lower self-compassion was associated with higher emotional distress (r = −0.20, P < 0.05). Fatigue exhibited a high association with emotional distress (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), which increased as subjective stress increased. Older age was associated with emotional control (r = 0.16, P < 0.05), whereas younger age was associated with emotional distress. Time elapsed since chemotherapy was negatively associated with both emotional distress (r = −0.19, P < 0.05) and fatigue (r = −0.18, P < 0.05). A strong positive association emerged between fatigue and emotional distress (r = 0.67, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The results of this study underline the importance of self-compassion as a coping strategy to decrease emotional distress among breast cancer survivors.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Cowan Andrew J. , Tuazon Sherilyn A. , Portuguese Andrew J. , Green Damian J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite improvements in effective therapy, multiple myeloma remains incurable, and virtually all patients will face relapsed disease at some point after diagnosis. The prognosis for relapsed myeloma after developing resistance to anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and autologous stem cell transplantation has been poor; however, the development of immune effector cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells may dramatically improve the outlook for patients, although none of these therapies are approved for MM to date. Herein, we review the development and history of CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma, mechanisms of resistance, and strategies to improve outcomes with CAR T therapy.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gauthier Jordan , Turtle Cameron J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Immunotherapy with T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T cells) is reshaping the management of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. High efficacy of CD19-targeted CAR T cells has been reported in children and adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), with complete responses without detectable minimal residual disease occurring in approximately 80% to 90% of patients. This led to the approval of tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) by the Food and Drug Administration based on the results of the ELIANA trial. Although CD19 CAR T-cell therapy may be curative in children, responses are short-lived in most adult B-ALL patients. In addition, CAR T-cell therapy can be associated with severe, potentially life-threatening, toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Here, we review the recent advances in CAR T-cell therapy for R/R B-ALL and discuss strategies to improve its efficacy while minimizing toxicities.
Off-the-Shelf Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
Authors: Watanabe Norihiro , Mamonkin Maksim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Banked chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells immediately available for off-the-shelf (OTS) application can solve key limitations of patient-specific CAR T-cell products while retaining their potency. The allogeneic nature of OTS cell therapies requires additional measures to minimize graft-versus-host disease and host-versus-graft immune rejection in immunocompetent recipients. In this review, we discuss engineering and manufacturing strategies aimed at minimizing unwanted interactions between allogeneic CAR T cells and the host. Overcoming these limitations will improve safety and antitumor potency of OTS CAR T cells and facilitate their wider use in cancer therapy.
Central nervous system infections after solid organ transplantation
Authors: Kunnathu Puthanveedu Nitin das , Lum Jessica 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Significant advances to our understanding of several neuroinfectious complications after a solid organ transplant (SOT) have occurred in the last few years. Here, we review the central nervous system (CNS) infections that are relevant to SOT via a syndromic approach with a particular emphasis on recent updates in the field.

Recent findings
A few key studies have advanced our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of several CNS infections in SOT recipients. Risk factors for poor prognosis and protective effects of standard posttransplant prophylactic strategies have been better elucidated. Newer diagnostic modalities which have broad clinical applications like metagenomic next-generation sequencing, as well as those that help us better understand esoteric concepts of disease pathogenesis have been studied. Finally, several studies have provided newer insights into the treatment of these diseases.

Summary
Recent findings reflect the steady progress in our understanding of CNS infections post SOT. They provide several avenues for improvement in the prevention, early recognition, and therapeutic outcomes of these diseases.
Early Pediatric Multiple Facial Fractures Treatment With Resorbable Fixation
Authors: Santos Déborah Laurindo Pereira , Miranda Marina Lins , Jacob Eduardo Santana , Guerra Raphael Capelli , Monnazzi Marcelo Silva , Vieira Eduardo Hochuli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The facial skeleton in pediatric patients can undergo several changes during development, according to their growth zones and the traumas they suffer. Thus, some of these traumas can lead to multiple complications if not treated properly. Epidemiology can vary according to the social, cultural, and environmental aspects of each individual. Therefore, each case must be treated individually, and it is important to consider age-specific aspects, such as the high osteogenic potential, which leads to faster bone healing. The use of resorbable fixation materials in facial fractures of pediatric patients is widespread, with good acceptance and great advantages over conventional titanium materials, mainly for the elimination of a second surgery to remove the materials. The present study aims to report a series of clinical cases of infants, who suffered trauma and evolved with fractures in the facial bones. Surgical treatment was instituted to reduce and fix fractures, using the resorbable system. Patients are followed up with periodic outpatient follow-up visits and have a good case evolution.
A Review of Frontal Orbital and Frontal Sinus Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries - Level I Trauma Center - University Hospital Experience
Authors: Viezel-Mathieu Alex , Galli Rafael , Lessard Lucie 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Traumatic frontal fractures result from high force injuries and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate our Montreal General Hospital (MGH) experience with frontal bone fractures.

Methods:
A comprehensive review of our trauma database was performed. All adult patients (>18 years) presenting with a diagnosis of frontal sinus fracture were identified. A thorough retrospective electronic medical records search was performed and relevant data extracted. Specifically, all cases of ocular injury or sequelae were identified and an in-depth review was performed.

Results:
Between 2008 and 2014, 10,189 trauma patients presented to the MUHC Level 1 trauma center. A total of 1277 patients presented with a facial fracture and 140 had a frontal sinus fracture. The mean age was 43.5 years, 90% were male and the mean hospitalization time was 16.2 days. A significant proportion of patients suffered concomitant craniomaxillofacial fractures including orbital (79%), maxillary (66%), nasal (64%), zygomaticomaxillary complex (34%), nasoorbitoethmoid (31%), Lefort types I-III (18%), and mandibular (8%). Associated cervical spine injuries were documented in 16% of patients. Ocular injuries were present in 30% of subjects. 26% of patients had some form of permanent sequelae from their trauma, mainly neurological.

Conclusions:
Due to the intimate association of the frontal bones with the brain and the orbits, frontal sinus fractures demand a sophisticated multidisciplinary craniofacial surgical approach. Given the high rate of ocular injury of 30% as well as severe systemic injuries, the authors propose a modified treatment algorithm for these complex cases.
Nodular Pseudogout of the Skull Base Arising From the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Morita Yuhei , Yamamoto Naoto , Uchiyama Taku 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors report a case of a rare, large, nodular pseudogout which developed from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
An 83-year-old female was referred to the hospital with swelling on her left cheek. Imaging studies revealed a large calcified mass surrounding the left mandibular condyle, partially destroying the adjoining bone and extending to the skull base. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed soft tissue masses with low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images and were enhanced after intravenous gadolinium injection.
The mass was clinically and radiologically suspected to be a neoplastic lesion, such as chondrosarcoma or fibrous dysplasia. However, histological analysis showed that the mass contained granulomatous lesions with numerous multiple nodular rod-shaped and diamond-shaped crystal deposits, which validated the diagnosis of pseudogout. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the tumor's deposited materials and revealed that these were calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals. This result confirmed the histopathological diagnosis of “tophaceous pseudogout.”
Change of the Inclination Angle in a Greenstick Fracture of the Mandibular Subcondyle Treated With Intermaxillary Fixation in a Child
Authors: Hwang Kun , Ma Sung Hwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the outcomes of a conservative approach to greenstick condylar fracture treatment in a child. Serial changes of the inclination angle were measured in a greenstick fracture of the mandibular subcondyle treated with intermaxillary fixation (IMF).
A 7-year-old girl presented with the complaint of pain on her chin. She had fallen from a 3-m height and hit her face on the floor. She had limited mouth-opening of one finger breadth. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography confirmed a green-stick (incomplete) fracture of the right condyle, in which the lateral side of the bone was fractured and the medial side was bent. The medial inclination was approximately 67.9°. On the second posttrauma day, IMF was performed using arch-bars and a prefabricated occlusal stop. Serial Town's views were taken. The inclination of the fractured condyle was measured and compared with the contralateral side. The difference in inclination angles (DI) between the fractured and contralateral sides was plotted over time. In SPSS version 19.0, an exponential regression model was constructed.
In this child, a green-stick (incomplete) fracture of the condyle (68.0° inclination) was treated with IMF and a prefabricated occlusal stop. On day 321 post-IMF, the inclination angle had decreased to 31.1°, only 6.8° greater than the contralateral side. The DI was fitted to an exponential regression model (y = 37.019e−0.006x, R2 = 0.703, P < 0.001).
This case shows that even in children, a greenstick fracture of the mandibular condyle can be treated by vertical lengthening using an occlusal stop and IMF.
A Novel Trapezoid Concept of Fibula Cutting Guide for Mandible Angle Reconstruction
Authors: Sharma Shagun , Gaba Sunil , Nair Suraj 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Virtual surgical planning (VSP) has revolutionized the planning process in the reconstruction of the mandible with a free fibula flap. The traditional planning and design use a triangular osteotomy guide with a closing wedge movement at the angle. With virtual surgical planning, the authors found an additional lateral mandibular tilt angle and tried to incorporate it in our design of osteotomy guide. The authors have proposed a novel design in a trapezoid shape to accommodate the lateral tilt angle in our osteotomy design. Incorporating the two angles in one angle design improves the aesthesis of the reconstructive procedure and saves operative time.
Pediatric Craniofacial Fractures From Canine Bites
Authors: Parent Brodie , Bykowski Michael R. , Marji Fady Paul , Ramgopal Sriram , Goldstein Jesse A. , Losee Joseph E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Craniofacial fractures from canine bites are rare, but can be devastating events that lead to complex surgical management, long-term functional deficits, and psychological sequelae. The objective of this case-control study was to identify risks associated with craniofacial fractures in pediatric dog bite victims. From 2008 to 2019 at our quaternary center, all children with craniofacial fractures from dog bites were included in this study. Controls were obtained in a 2:1 ratio via a random sample of all dog bite encounters. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 3602 dog bite encounters, 114 children were included in the study with an average age of 4.8 years (interquartile range = 2.4–9.1 years) and 51 patients (45%) were female. Seventy-four children (65%) were bitten by a family-owned dog. Thirty-eight patients with 60 craniofacial fractures were identified. The following factors were significantly associated with increased risk for craniofacial fractures: Caucasian race (OR 7.3, CI 1.6–16.7), age under five (OR 4.1, CI 1.6–10.7), rural location (OR 3.9, CI 1.3–12.3), child location on the floor (OR 6.2, CI 2.4–16.2), and dogs weighing over 30 pounds (OR 19.6, CI 5.8–82.3). Nine patients (12%) required multiple reconstructive operations, and four patients (5%) developed post-traumatic stress disorder. In conclusion, toddlers in rural households with large dogs are at high risk for sustaining craniofacial fractures from bite injuries. Craniofacial surgeons, pediatricians, and emergency department physicians should use these data to lead prevention efforts in the community.
Characterizing Epidemiology and Associated-Factors of Adolescent Sports-Related Traumas Using Trauma Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Bourdillon Alexandra , Salehi Parsa P. , Steren Benjamin , Pei Kevin Y. , Lee Yan Ho 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sports-related injuries contribute to a considerable proportion of pediatric and adolescent craniofacial trauma, which can have severe and longstanding consequences on physical and mental health. The growing popularity of sports within this at-risk group warrants further characterization of such injuries in order to enhance management and prevention strategies. In this study, the authors summarized key trends in 1452 sports-related injuries among individuals aged 16 to 19 using the American College of Surgeon's Trauma Quality Improvement Program database from 2014 to 2016. The authors observed a preponderance of injuries associated with skateboarding, snowboarding, and skiing, with significantly higher percentages of traumatic brain injuries among skateboarding-related traumas. Notably, we observed that traumatic brain injurie rates were slightly higher among subjects who wore helmets. Intensive care unit durations and hospital stays appeared to vary by sport and craniofacial fracture. Altogether, this study contributes to the adolescent sports-related injuries and craniofacial trauma literature.
Three-dimensional Vascularized β-cell Spheroid Tissue Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Subcutaneous Islet Transplantation in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Takaichi Shohei , Tomimaru Yoshito , Akagi Takami , Kobayashi Shogo , Fukuda Yasunari , Toya Keisuke , Asaoka Tadafumi , Iwagami Yoshifumi , Yamada Daisaku , Akita Hirofumi , Noda Takehiro , Gotoh Kunihito , Doki Yuichiro , Akashi Mitsuru , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2021

Background.
Islet transplantation is an effective replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. However, shortage of donor organ for allograft is obstacle for further development of the treatment. Subcutaneous transplantation with stem cell-derived β-cells might overcome this, but poor vascularity in the site is burden for success in the transplantation. We investigated the effect of subcutaneous transplantation of vascularized β-cell spheroid tissue constructed 3-dimensionally using a layer-by-layer (LbL) cell-coating technique in a T1D model mouse.

Methods.
We used MIN6 cells to determine optimal conditions for the coculture of β-cell spheroids, normal human dermal fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and then, under those conditions, we constructed vascularized spheroid tissue using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells (hiPS β cells). The function of insulin secretion of the vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue was evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, the function was investigated in T1D model NOD/SCID mice subcutaneously transplanted with the tissue.

Results.
In vitro, the vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue exhibited enhanced insulin secretion. The vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue also significantly decreased blood glucose levels in diabetic immunodeficient mice when transplanted subcutaneously. Furthermore, host mouse vessels were observed in the explanted vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue.

Conclusions.
Vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue decreased blood glucose levels in the diabetic mice. This therapeutic effect was suggested due to host angiogenesis in the graft. This method could lead to a promising regenerative treatment for T1D patients.