bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus can be a serious, life‐threatening disease, even in previously healthy children
Authors: Dotan Miri , Zion Elena , Bilavsky Efraim , Nahum Elhanan , Ben‐Zvi Haim , Zalcman Jonatan , Yarden‐Bilavsky Havatzelet , Kadmon Gili 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimAdenovirus infections are exceedingly common in childhood. However, little is known of the clinical characteristics of children admitted with severe infection to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).MethodsClinical data on children hospitalised with adenovirus infection between January 2005 and March 2020 were collected. We compared data between children hospitalised in the PICU and those who were not in a 1:2 ratio.ResultsDuring the study period, 69 children with adenovirus infection were admitted to the PICU, representing 5% of all hospitalised children with adenovirus. Thirty‐four (49%) were previously healthy children. Mortality occurred in 5 patients, and all had an underlying illness. Cidofovir was used in 21 children, including 11 who were previously healthy. No side effects were attributed to the treatment. During 2005–2014, viral co‐infection rates were 42% in the PICU group and 11% in the control group (p = 0.002). However, during 2015–2020, when the viral panel became widespread in our institution, the rates of co‐infection were similar in the two groups (32% and 34%, p = 1.0).ConclusionOur findings suggest that adenovirus may present as a serious, life‐threatening disease even in previously healthy children.
Understanding safe water‐carrying practices during pregnancy and postpartum: A mixed‐methods study in Nepal
Authors: Tomberge Vica Marie Jelena , Shrestha Akina , Meierhofer Regula , Inauen Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDaily carrying of heavy loads of domestic water, especially during pregnancy and postpartum, bears a threat to maternal health in low‐income countries. Using an extended health action process approach (HAPA), we examined women's reasons for and psychosocial determinants of safe water‐carrying during pregnancy and postpartum. In a mixed‐methods study, trained local interviewers conducted 1001 quantitative interviews with women of reproductive age (n = 921 analyzed) and 21 qualitative interviews with women of reproductive age, in‐laws, and spouses in rural Nepal. We analyzed the quantitative data with generalized estimating equations to model the HAPA‐based psychosocial determinants of avoiding water‐carrying during pregnancy and postpartum. Subjective perspectives were investigated with thematic analysis. Outcome expectancies (B = 0.24), self‐efficacy (B = 0.20), and injunctive norms (B = 0.23) were significantly associated with the intention to avoid water‐carrying. Self‐efficacy (B = 0.36) and instrumental support (B = 0.05) are related to behavior (all p < 0.05). Women explained water‐carrying during pregnancy by a lack of family support, a shift of health decision‐making power to in‐laws, and low behavioral control. Overall, the necessity of water, family decision‐making structures, and low support make it difficult for women to discontinue water‐carrying. Additionally to infrastructural improvements, behavioral interventions may increase women's self‐efficacy for safe water‐carrying (e.g. reducing weight) and social support.
Procrastinate at work, sleep badly at night: How job autonomy matters
Authors: Song Baihe , Wang Bin , Qian Jing , Zhang Yue 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the well‐documented deleterious effects of poor sleep quality on procrastination, limited efforts have been devoted to examining whether procrastination can hurt sleep quality. To address this theoretical gap, this study aims to reveal how and when individuals' procrastination at work influences their subsequent sleep quality. Building upon cognitive appraisal theory, the current research employs experience‐sampling methodology to investigate mediators of rumination (as a cognitive pathway) and negative affect (as an affective pathway), explaining within‐person fluctuations in sleep quality resulting from daily procrastination. Furthermore, job autonomy is proposed to be a cross‐level moderator in the relationship between daily procrastination and rumination/negative affect. The results of 2026 daily data records from 213 employees across 10 consecutive workdays supported the mediation effect of rumination and moderation effects of job autonomy but did not support the mediation effect of negative affect. Specifically, daily procrastination was negatively related to subsequent sleep quality through the cognitive pathway of rumination. Our results also reveal that the positive relationships between daily procrastination and rumination/negative affect were stronger for employees with higher levels of job autonomy. Finally, we discuss the implications and limitations of this paper as well as future directions.
Outcome predictors for maternal red blood cell alloimmunisation with anti‐K and anti‐D managed with intrauterine blood transfusion
Authors: Vlachodimitropoulou Evangelia , Garbowski Maciej , Anne Solomon Shelley , Abbasi Nimrah , Seaward Gareth , Windrim Rory , Keunen Johannes , Kelly Edmond , Van Mieghem Tim , Shehata Nadine , Ryan Greg 
Published: December 2021

SummaryRed blood cell (RBC) alloimmunisation with anti‐D and anti‐K comprise the majority of cases of fetal haemolytic disease requiring intrauterine red cell transfusion (IUT). Few studies have investigated which haematological parameters can predict adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of adverse outcome, including preterm birth, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), neonatal death (NND) and/or neonatal transfusion. We reviewed the records of all pregnancies alloimmunised with anti‐K and anti‐D, requiring IUT over 27 years at a quaternary fetal centre. We reviewed data for 128 pregnancies in 116 women undergoing 425 IUTs. The median gestational age (GA) at first IUT was significantly earlier for anti‐K than for anti‐D (24·3 vs. 28·7 weeks, P = 0·004). Women with anti‐K required more IUTs than women with anti‐D (3·84 vs. 3·12 mean IUTs, P = 0·036) and the fetal haemoglobin (Hb) at first IUT was significantly lower (51.0 vs. 70.5 g/l, P = 0·001). The mean estimated daily decrease in Hb did not differ between the two groups. A greater number of IUTs and a slower daily decrease in Hb (g/l/day) between first and second IUTs were predictive of a longer period in utero. Earlier GA at first IUT and a shorter interval from the first IUT until delivery predicted IUFD/NND. Earlier GA and lower Hb at first IUT significantly predicted need for phototherapy and/or blood product use in the neonate. In the anti‐K group, a greater number of IUTs was required in women with a higher titre. Furthermore, the higher the titre, the earlier the GA at which an IUT was required in both groups. The rate of fall in fetal Hb between IUTs decreased, as the number of transfusions increased. Our present study identified pregnancies at considerable risk of an unfavourable outcome with anti‐D and anti‐K RBC alloimmunisation. Identifying such patients can guide pregnancy management, facilitates patient counselling, and can optimise resource use. Prospective studies can also incorporate these characteristics, in addition to laboratory markers, to further identify and improve the outcomes of these pregnancies.
Theoretical study of myriocin‐binding mechanism targeting serine palmitoyltransferase
Authors: Yu Li , Jiang Yingmin , Xu Lei , Jin Jian , Pei Zejun , Zhu Jingyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSphingolipids (SLs) are vital for cells as forming membrane and transducing signals. The first step for de novo biosynthesis of SLs is catalyzed by the pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), which has been proven to be a promising drug target for treating various diseases. However, there are few SPT‐specific inhibitors have been identified so far. Myriocin, a natural fungal product, is confirmed as the most potent inhibitor of SPT and has been widely used, but studies of its molecular mechanism are still underway. Besides, there is no intact co‐crystal structure of SPT‐binding myriocin until now. Aiming to uncover the interaction mechanism between SPT‐ and PLP‐binding myriocin at the molecular level, a systematic computational strategy was performed in this present study. Firstly, covalent docking was implemented to preliminarily predict the binding pose SPT/PLP‐myriocin aldimine and its structurally similar intermediate SPT/PLP‐β‐ketoacid aldimine. Secondly, two binding complexes were treated as initial structures to perform molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. The calculated docking scores and predicted binding energies were consistent with the reported bioactivities. Finally, the binding mechanism of myriocin binding with SPT was meticulously described, and the key residues making favorable contributions were highlighted. Taken together, the current study could provide some important information and valuable guidance for further rational screening, design, and modification of potent specific SPT inhibitors.
Recent advances and perspectives of postoperative neurological disorders in the elderly surgical patients
Authors: Liu Biying , Huang Dan , Guo Yunlu , Sun Xiaoqiong , Chen Caiyang , Zhai Xiaozhu , Jin Xia , Zhu Hui , Li Peiying , Yu Weifeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPostoperative neurological disorders, including postoperative delirium (POD), postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), postoperative covert ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, are challenging clinical problems in the emerging aged surgical population. These disorders can deteriorate functional outcomes and long‐term quality of life after surgery, resulting in a substantial social and financial burden to the family and society. Understanding predisposing and precipitating factors may promote individualized preventive treatment for each disorder, as several risk factors are modifiable. Besides prevention, timely identification and treatment of etiologies and symptoms can contribute to better recovery from postoperative neurological disorders and lower risk of long‐term cognitive impairment, disability, and even death. Herein, we summarize the diagnosis, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of these postoperative complications, with emphasis on recent advances and perspectives.
Observed elevated donor‐derived cell free DNA in orthotopic heart transplant recipients without clinical evidence of rejection
Authors: Afzal Aasim , Alam Amit , van Zyl Johanna S. , Zafar Hira , Felius Joost , Hall Shelley A. , Carey Sandra A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDonor‐derived cell free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) has rapidly become part of rejection surveillance following orthotopic heart transplantation. However, some patients show elevated dd‐cfDNA without clinical evidence of rejection. With the aim to provide a clinical description of this subpopulation, we retrospectively analyzed 35 cardiac transplant recipients at our center who experienced elevated (≥.20%) dd‐cfDNA in the absence of clinical rejection, out of a total 106 recipients who had dd‐cfDNA results available during the first year. The median time to first elevated dd‐cfDNA level was 46 days, and the highest dd‐cfDNA recorded within 1 year was .31% [inter‐quartile range, .23–.45]. Twenty‐two (63%) patients experienced infections (cytomegalovirus (CMV) or other), and 16 (46%) presented with de novo donor‐specific antibodies. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups characterized by (a) subclinical rejection with 50% CMV (n = 16), (b) non‐CMV infections and the longest time to first elevated dd‐cfDNA (187 days) (n = 8), (c) right ventricular dysfunction (n = 6), and (d) women who showed the youngest median age (45 years) and highest median dd‐cfDNA (.50%) (n = 5). Continued prospective analysis is needed to determine if these observations warrant changes in patient management to optimize the utilization of this vital non‐invasive graft surveillance tool.
Common diseases of the nail: Diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Löser Christoph R. , Nenoff Pietro , Mainusch Oliver , Dippel Edgar , Balakirski Galina 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis review focuses on nail changes that do not belong to the group of benign or malignant nail tumors. These common afflictions of the nail include structural changes in and under the nail plate as well as inflammation around and in the nail bed. They include onychomycoses, nail psoriasis, onychodystrophies, subungual hematoma, paronychia, ingrown nails and pincer nails. Due to the peculiar anatomy and physiological growth conditions of the nail, the pathology does not necessarily stem from the site of the clinical problem and calls for careful inspection and interpretation.
Sperm associated antigen 7 is activated by T3 during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis via a thyroid hormone response element within the first intron
Authors: Fu Liezhen , Crawford LaTaijah , Tong Andrew , Luu Nga , Tanizaki Yuta , Shi Yun‐Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThyroid hormone (T3) affects many diverse physiological processes such as metabolism, organogenesis, and growth. The two highly related frog species, diploid Xenopus tropicalis and pseudo tetraploid Xenopus laevis, have been used as models for analyzing the effects of T3 during vertebrate development. T3 regulates T3‐inducible gene transcription through T3 receptor (TR)‐binding to T3‐response elements (TREs). We have previously identified sperm associated antigen 7 (spag7) as a candidate T3 target gene that is potentially involved in adult stem cell development and/or proliferation during intestinal metamorphosis. To investigate whether T3 regulates spag7 directly at the transcriptional level via TR, we first conducted qRT‐PCR to analyze its expression during natural and T3‐induced metamorphosis and found that spag7 was up‐regulated during natural metamorphosis in the intestine, tail, brain and hindlimb, peaking at the climax of metamorphosis in all those organs, and upon T3 treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles. Next, we demonstrated that an intronic TRE in spag7, first identified through bioinformatic analysis, could bind to TR in vitro and in vivo during metamorphosis. A dual luciferase assay utilizing a reconstituted frog oocyte transcription system showed that the TRE could mediate promoter activation by liganded TR. These results indicate that spag7 expression is directly regulated by T3 through the TRE in the first intron during metamorphosis, implicating a role for spag7 early during T3‐regulated tissue remodeling and resorption.
Use of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in young people with high‐risk type 1 diabetes—Extension phase outcomes following a 6‐month randomized control trial
Authors: Rose Shelley , Styles Sara E. , Wiltshire Esko J. , Stanley James , Galland Barbara C. , de Bock Martin I. , Tomlinson Paul A. , Rayns Jenny A. , MacKenzie Karen E. , Wheeler Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe the impact of a 12‐month intervention using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) on glycaemic control and glucose test frequency in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and high‐risk glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥75 mmol/mol [≥9.0%]).MethodsIn total, 64 young people (aged 13–20 years, 16.6 ± 2.1 years; 48% female; 41% Māori or Pacific ethnicity; mean diabetes duration 7.5 ± 3.8 years) with T1D were enrolled in a 6‐month, randomized, parallel‐group study comparing glycaemic outcomes from the isCGM intervention (n = 33) to self monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) controls (n = 31). In this 6‐month extension phase, both groups received isCGM; HbA1c, glucose time‐in‐range (TIR), and combined glucose test frequency were assessed at 9 and 12 months.ResultsAt 12 months, the mean difference in HbA1c from baseline was −4 mmol/mol [−0.4%] (95% confidence interval, CI: −8, 1 mmol/mol [−0.8, 0.1%]; p = 0.14) in the isCGM intervention group, and −7 mmol/mol [−0.7%] (95% CI: −16, 1 mmol/mol [−1.5, 0.1%]; p = 0.08) in the SMBG control group. No participants achieved ≥70% glucose TIR (3.9–10.0 mmol/L). The isCGM intervention group mean rate of daily glucose testing was highest at 9 months, 2.4 times baseline rates (p < 0.001), then returned to baseline by 12 months (incidence rate ratio = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.1; p = 0.091).ConclusionsThe use of isCGM in young people with high‐risk T1D resulted in transient improvements in HbA1c and glucose monitoring over a 9‐month time frame; however, benefits were not sustained to 12 months.
Choosing the duration of continuous glucose monitoring for reliable assessment of time in range: A new analytical approach to overcome the limitations of correlation‐based methods
Authors: Camerlingo Nunzio , Vettoretti Martina , Sparacino Giovanni , Facchinetti Andrea , Mader Julia K. , Choudhary Pratik , Del Favero Simone ,   the Hypo‐RESOLVE Consortium
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsReliable estimation of the time spent in different glycaemic ranges (time‐in‐ranges) requires sufficiently long continuous glucose monitoring. In a 2019 paper (Battelino et al., Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:1593‐1603), an international panel of experts suggested using a correlation‐based approach to obtain the minimum number of days for reliable time‐in‐ranges estimates. More recently (in Camerlingo et al., Design of clinical trials to assess diabetes treatment: minimum duration of continuous glucose monitoring data to estimate time‐in‐ranges with the desired precision. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23:2446‐2454) we presented a mathematical equation linking the number of monitoring days to the uncertainty around time‐in‐ranges estimates. In this work, we compare these two approaches, mainly focusing on time spent in (70‐180) mg/dL range (TIR).MethodsThe first 100 and 150 days of data were extracted from study A (148 subjects, ~180 days), and the first 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 days of data from study B (45 subjects, ~365 days). For each of these data windows, the minimum monitoring duration was computed using correlation‐based and equation‐based approaches. The suggestions were compared for the windows of different durations extracted from the same study, and for the windows of equal duration extracted from different studies.ResultsWhen changing the dataset duration, the correlation‐based approach produces inconsistent results, ranging from 23 to 64 days, for TIR. The equation‐based approach was found to be robust versus this issue, as it is affected only by the characteristics of the population being monitored. Indeed, to grant a confidence interval of 5% around TIR, it suggests 18 days for windows from study A, and 17 days for windows from study B. Similar considerations hold for other time‐in‐ranges.ConclusionsThe equation‐based approach offers advantages for the design of clinical trials having time‐in‐ranges as final end points, with focus on trial duration.
Assessment of radiology baseline knowledge of freshman North American dental students prior to any formal instruction
Authors: Mupparapu Mel , Kulkarni Roopali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is a wide variation in the knowledge related to oral radiology. This study aims to assess the prior knowledge of radiology amongst freshman dental students prior to beginning any formal dental school instruction.Materials and MethodsA total of 139 newly matriculated freshman dental students were asked to complete a 7‐question radiology, take‐home survey regarding their prior knowledge. The questionnaire was built within their course site and was presented prior to beginning the radiology lectures.ResultsThe responses were varied for all seven questions based on previous experiences and existing knowledge. Significant variation was noted in responses to Q4, Q6 and Q7 as opposed to Qs 1–3 and 5. Many students believed that the acquisition of radiographs should be selective. The acquisition of radiographs in pregnant women yielded comments in line with the belief that dose and frequency of radiation exposure would impact the health of the pregnant woman and developing foetus. Additionally, many students agreed with the statement regarding orthodontists over‐radiating children as reported in the New York Times. Perceptions based on social media and news outlets need to be addressed and changed in a dental school setting based on evidence.ConclusionDental school instruction must use the cues from surveys similar to that used in this research and structure their instruction to increase the critical teaching of radiology. The eventual goal of such an instruction would be to have a scientifically accurate information and remove the perceptions that the students came with when they began their dental education.
Systematic review of survival outcomes for relapsed or refractory adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma
Authors: Nosaka Kisato , Crawford Bruce , Yi Jingbo , Kuan William , Matsumoto Tomoko , Takahashi Takeshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (ATL) is a mature T‐cell lymphoproliferative neoplasm caused by human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1 infection. There is no standard treatment for relapsed or refractory (r/r) ATL, and clinical outcomes are poor. This systematic review examined the survival outcomes for r/r ATL treated with various systemic therapies.MethodsEMBASE and PubMed were searched for studies on r/r ATL, published between January 2010 and January 2020. The main outcome of interest was overall survival (OS). Median OS and an exploratory 30% OS time were assessed based on published data and Kaplan‐Meier curves.ResultsThere were 21 unique treatment subgroups (from 14 studies), that met the eligibility criteria. Nine subgroups were mogamulizumab treatment, two were mogamulizumab prior to allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), five were allo‐HSCT, and five were other chemotherapy. Respectively, the median OS and 30% OS varied considerably in range for mogamulizumab treatment (2.2–17.6 months and 8.7–27.1 months), allo‐HSCT (3.8–6.2 months and 7.5–19.8 months), and other chemotherapy arms (4.1–20.3 months and 7.1–17.0 months).ConclusionMogamulizumab was the most frequently studied treatment regimen and can potentially provide longer survival compared with chemotherapy alone. Future comparisons with synthetic or historical control arms may enable clearer insights into treatment efficacy.
Transcriptional regulation of neuronal identity
Authors: Sousa Erick , Flames Nuria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeuronal diversity is an intrinsic feature of the nervous system. Transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators in the establishment of different neuronal identities; how are the actions of different TFs coordinated to orchestrate this diversity? Are there common features shared among the different neuron types of an organism or even among different animal groups? In this review, we provide a brief overview on common traits emerging on the transcriptional regulation of neuron type diversification with a special focus on the comparison between mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans model systems. In the first part, we describe general concepts on neuronal identity and transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In the second part of the review, TFs are classified in different categories according to their key roles at specific steps along the protracted process of neuronal specification and differentiation. The same TF categories can be identified both in mammals and nematodes. Importantly, TFs are very pleiotropic: Depending on the neuron type or the time in development, the same TF can fulfil functions belonging to different categories. Finally, we describe the key role of transcriptional repression at all steps controlling neuronal diversity and propose that acquisition of neuronal identities could be considered a metastable process.