bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 IMPACT ON THE MARINE COMMUNITY ECONOMY (Study of Sales at Mopah Market)
Authors: Kaok Maria 
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to analyze the Impact of Covid-19 on the Marine Community’s Economic (Study of Sales at Mopah Market). The population in this study was 33 respondents, using a saturated sample technique. This writing uses a quantitative approach with simple regression analysis techniques using SPSS 22. The results obtained are that there is a positive and significant influence on the Marine community’s economy. Judging from the effects of data analysis, it shows that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the organization experienced a decrease in income. It is indicated by the results of the value of t-count = 5.068 and t-table = 1.695, sig = 0.000. From the result, we know that there is an impact of Covid-19 on the Marine people’s economy in their sales in the Merauke regency Mopah market. The total revenue for sales before Covid-19 was 56% and 44% after Covid-19 was a negative impact that affected the Marine community’s economy by a difference of 12%. This difference shows that Covid-19 has an impact on the economy in terms of income from daily sales. This impact caused the community to experience a decrease in their income during the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19, Community EconomyJEL Classifications: C10, Q0, A10
A global study of dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering through the Phanerozoic
Authors: Manche Cameron J. , Kaczmarek Stephen E. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTVarious geochemical proxies are used to constrain the diagenetic origin and evolution of ancient dolomites. Dolomite stoichiometry (mole % MgCO3) and cation ordering, two mineralogical attributes that define dolomite, have also been shown to demonstrate utility in this regard. Observations from laboratory experiments and field studies suggest that these attributes broadly reflect the fluid chemistry and temperature of the dolomitizing environment. The degree to which these parameters reflect global conditions during dolomitization (e.g., seawater chemistry, eustasy, atmospheric pCO2) and long-term geological processes is poorly understood, however. Here, a large dataset consisting of mineralogical data from over 1,690 Phanerozoic dolomites from various geographic locations, stratigraphic ages, platform types, and depositional environments are queried to investigate the broader geological controls on dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering in dolomites formed by early, near-surface dolomitization. A suite of statistical analyses performed on the global dataset indicate: 1) despite wide ranges at the eon, period, and epoch level, dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering broadly increase with geologic age; 2) significant variations in dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering throughout the Phanerozoic do not correlate with global parameters, such as seawater chemistry, eustasy, orogenic events, and ocean crust production; 3) dolomites associated with restricted depositional settings, such as restricted lagoons, and the intertidal and supratidal zones, are more stoichiometric than dolomites associated with open marine settings, such as the deep-subtidal and shallow-subtidal zones; and 4) dolomites from shallow ramps and epeiric carbonate platforms are generally more stoichiometric than dolomites from open shelves and isolated carbonate platforms. These observations permit a number of inferences to be drawn. First, the principal signal observed in the data is that local environmental conditions associated with platform type and depositional setting are the strongest control on dolomite mineralogy. The observation that more stoichiometric dolomites correlate with shallow and restricted depositional environments is consistent with laboratory experiments that show environmental factors, such as higher Mg:Ca, temperature, and salinity of the dolomitizing fluids yield more stoichiometric dolomite. Second, a weaker secondary signal is also observed such that dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering both increase with geologic age, suggesting that progressive recrystallization driven by mineralogical stabilization during burial is also occurring. Collectively, these data suggest that spatial and temporal variations in stoichiometry and cation ordering reflect the interplay between local dolomitizing conditions near the surface and long-term mineralogical stabilization during burial.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of Lung Transplant and In-Hospital Mortality among Pediatric and Adolescent Patients in the United States
Authors: Salihu Hamisu , Garcia Brisa , Dongarwar Deepa 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze racial/ethnic disparity in inpatient mortality among pediatric and adolescent lung transplant recipients (≤19 years old) in the United States (US). The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset from 2003-2017 was used for this analysis. Survey logistic regression model was utilized to find the association between lung transplant and inpatient mortality among various racial/ethnic groups. The overall inpatient mortality rate was 3.92 per 100 lung transplant hospitalizations. Overall, when adjusted for covariates, those who received lung transplants were 8.49 times as likely to experience inpatient mortality (95% CI: 5.66-12.73) compared to those who did not receive it. The likelihood of inpatient mortality was highest among Hispanics (OR=10.11, 95% CI=4.93-14.95) relative to the findings among other racial/ethnic groups. Our findings may guide healthcare providers when caring for pediatric and adolescent populations from different racial/ethnic backgrounds who need a lung transplant.

Copyright © 2021 Salihu, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Marked Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination by Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, Geographic, and Health Characteristics, United States, January 6 – February 15, 2021
Authors: Singh Gopal K , Lee Hyunjung , Azuine Romuladus E 
Published: June 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial adverse impact on the health and wellbeing of populations in the United States (US) and globally. Since the availability of COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020, efforts have been underway to vaccinate priority populations who are at increased risks of COVID-19 infections, morbidity, and mortality, but rigorous and analytical national data on vaccination rates are lacking. Using the latest nationally representative data, we examine disparities in COVID-19 vaccination among US adults aged 18 years and older by a wide range of social determinants.
Methods: Using three consecutive rounds of the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey from January 6 to February 15, 2021 (N=224,458), disparities in vaccination rates by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health insurance, health status, and metropolitan area were modeled by multivariate logistic regression.
Results: An estimated 33.6 million or 13.6% of US adults received COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccination rates varied 5-fold across the age range, from a low of 5.8% for adults aged 18-24 to 19.1% for those aged 65-74, and 29.0% for those aged ≥75 years. Males, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, divorced/separated and single individuals, those with lower education and household income levels, renters, not-employed individuals, the uninsured, and individuals with higher depression levels reported significantly lower rates of vaccination. Controlling for covariates, non-Hispanic Blacks had 11% lower odds and Asians had 50% higher odds of receiving vaccination than non-Hispanic Whites. Adults with less than a high school education had 64% lower adjusted odds of receiving vaccination than those with a Master’s degree. Adults with an annual income of <$25,000 had 33% lower adjusted odds of vaccination than those with a ≥$200,000. Vaccination rates ranged from 10.7% in Riverside-San Bernardino, California to 16.1% in Houston, Texas.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Ethnic minorities, socioeconomically-disadvantaged individuals, uninsured adults, and those with serious depression reported significantly lower vaccination rates. Equitable vaccination coverage is critical to reducing inequities in COVID-19 health outcomes.

Copyright © 2021 Singh. et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
The 2018 phreatic eruption at Mt. Motoshirane of Kusatsu–Shirane volcano, Japan: Eruption and intrusion of hydrothermal fluid observed by a borehole tiltmeter network
Authors: Terada Akihiko , Kanda Wataru , Ogawa Yasuo , Yamada Taishi , Yamamoto Mare , Ohkura Takahiro , Aoyama Hiroshi , Tomoki Tsutsui , Onizawa Shin’ya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We estimate the mass and energy budgets for the 2018 phreatic eruption of Mt. Motoshirane on Kusatsu–Shirane volcano, Japan, based on data obtained from a network of eight tiltmeters and weather radar echoes. The tilt records can be explained by a subvertical crack model. Small craters that were formed by previous eruptions are aligned WNW–ESE, which is consistent with the crack azimuth modeled in this study. The direction of maximum compressive stress in this region is horizontal and oriented WNW–ESE, allowing fluid to intrude from depth through a crack with this orientation. Based on the crack model, hypocenter distribution, and MT resistivity structure, we infer that fluid from a hydrothermal reservoir at a depth of 2 km below Kusatsu–Shirane volcano has repeatedly ascended through a pre-existing subvertical crack. The inflation and deflation volumes during the 2018 eruption are estimated to have been 5.1 * 10 5 and 3.6 * 10 5 m 3 , respectively, meaning that 1.5 * 10 5 m 3 of expanded volume formed underground. The total heat associated with the expanded volume is estimated to have been ≥10 14 J, similar to or exceeding the annual heat released from Yugama Crater Lake of Mt. Shirane and that from the largest eruption during the past 130 yr. Although the ejecta mass of the 2018 phreatic eruption was small, the 2018 MPCG eruption was not negligible in terms of the energy budget of Kusatsu–Shirane volcano. A water mass of 0.1–2.0 * 10 7 kg was discharged as a volcanic cloud, based on weather radar echoes, which is smaller than the mass associated with the deflation. We suggest that underground water acted as a buffer against the sudden intrusion of hydrothermal fluids, absorbing some of the fluid that ascended through the crack.
Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the Hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes
Authors: Rabeea Muwafaq Ayesh , Al-Heety Ahmed J. R. , Mohammed Mahmmoud Ismail , Fayydh Adnan Mohammed , Elhag Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work aims to present the hydrochemical mechanisms describing the system of the Euphrates River before and after mixing with groundwater from the springs of Hijlan (western Iraq). Continuously, the data generated from these springs' water have been adapted to provide an updated assessment for future water therapeutic purposes. Physicochemical characteristics of water in the mixing plume of Hijlan Creek and the Euphrates indicate the multi Hydrochemical plumes as revealed by the spatial variation of important parameters related to the ecological parameters including K+, Na+, Ca+ 2, Mg+ 2, HCO3−, SO4 − 2, Cl−, NO3−, PO4 − 3, Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, Temp, DO, BOD5, H2S, Turbidity, EC, pH, and TDS. The re-aeration (k2) and de-oxygenation rate (k1) coefficients, as well as the self-purification factor (f) of the mixing plume, are 0.51 sec− 1, 2.03 sec− 1, and 0.25, respectively. The Cl− concentration in the confluence zone changes, due to the chloride content mixing rates of 7.1% and 92.9% for Euphrates and Hijlan creek water, respectively, with water discharge of 316,224 m3/day and chloride load discharge of 420 tons/day. The assessment of the water quality indicates unsuitability for aquaculture purposes. However, the water can be used for therapeutic purposes and to cure multiple diseases.
An Enhanced Spectrum Allocation Algorithm for Secondary Users in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Agarwal Sheenu , Vijay Sandip , Bagwari Ashish 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wireless communication is a vast field in order to do researches on transmitter sections, wireless mediums, receiver sections, repeaters as well as different antennas. The spectrum used for wireless communication is limited and the number of users is increasing day by day. To use the available spectrum efficiently cognitive radio were introduced in which different allocation schemes were proposed by the researchers. In this paper an enhanced artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed for predicting and sensing the channel of primary user which results in the efficient usage of the available spectrum via secondary users, the enhanced artificial bee colony algorithm first predict the channel allocated to primary user, thereafter it performs sensing of the channel due to which the false alarm probability reduced and overall throughput of the network increases. The proposed algorithm overcomes the drawbacks of modified traditional methodologies which were used only for sensing a channel and shows 11.8% more efficiency as compared to binary artificial bee colony algorithm. In future, the method for predicting the channel’s availability can be enhanced in order to maximize the probability of channel allocation to the secondary user.
IOT Based Soil Monitoring and Automatic Irrigation System
Authors: Nahian Mohammad Shamiur Rahman Al , Biswas Arnab Piush , Tsou J. C. , Rahman Md. Hamidur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To serve the humanity nowadays technology is playing a wonderful role and a man’s basic and primary need is food indeed. It can be said that about more than 85% of people of Bangladesh are directly, indirectly depended on agriculture. Proper irrigation by water pump cannot be maintained due to frequent power outages, unavailability of grid lines in remote areas and scarcity/cost of fuel to run pumps. To make the sustainable irrigation system and field monitoring system for getting better crops growth as well as best production, this IOT based Automatic irrigation system is proposed. In this system IOT and WSN are used to control and monitor the irrigation system. IOT is used to obtain stored data monitoring and real time monitoring of various contents of soil. WSN is used to make a fully wireless system to make a user-friendly system to cultivate and irrigate water properly to the field. Different kinds of sensors are used. This report presents a fully automated drip irrigation system which is controlled and monitored by using “Thinkspeak Cloud Server”. Temperature and the humidity content of the soil are frequently monitored. The system informs user about any abnormal conditions like less moisture content and temperature rise, even concentration of water by sending notifications through the wireless module.
Identification of Significant Genes And Pathways In ARDS Via Bioinformatical Analysis
Authors: Lu Weina , Ji Ran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most common acute thoracopathy with complicated pathogenesis in ICU. The study is to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the lung tissue and underlying altering mechanisms in ARDS.Methods: Gene expression profiles of GSE2411 and GSE130936 were available from GEO database, both of them included in GPL 339. Then, an integrated analysis of these genes was performed, including gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, Transcription Factors (TFs) forecasting, and their expression in varied organs.Results: A total of 39 differential expressed genes were screened from the datasets, including 39 up-regulated genes and 0 down-regulated genes. The up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the biological process, such as immune system process, innate immune response, inflammatory response, cellular response to interferon-beta and also involved in some signal pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, salmonella infection, legionellosis, chemokine, and Toll-like receptor signal pathway. GBP2, IFIT2 and IFIT3 were identified as hub genes in the lung by PPI network analysis with MCODE plug-in, as well as GO and KEGG re-enrichment. All of the three hub genes were regulated by the predictive common TFs, including STAT1, E2F1, IRF1, IRF2, and IRF9. Conclusions: This study implied that hub gene GBP2, IFIT2 and IFIT3, which might be regulated by STAT1, E2F1, IRF1, IRF2, or IRF9, played significant roles in ARDS. They could be potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets for ARDS patients.
Ideal Ratio Mask Estimation using Supervised DNN Approach for Target Speech Signal Enhancement
Authors: Selvaraj Poovarasan , Eswaran Chandra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The most challenging process in recent Speech Enhancement (SE) systems is to exclude the non-stationary noises and additive white Gaussian noise in real-time applications. Several SE techniques suggested were not successful in real-time scenarios to eliminate noises in the speech signals due to the high utilization of resources. So, a Sliding Window Empirical Mode Decomposition including a Variant of Variational Model Decomposition and Hurst (SWEMD-VVMDH) technique was developed for minimizing the difficulty in real-time applications. But, this is the statistical framework that takes a long time for computations. Hence in this article, this SWEMD-VVMDH technique is extended using Deep Neural Network (DNN) that learns the decomposed speech signals via SWEMD-VVMDH efficiently to achieve SE. At first, the noisy speech signals are decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) by the SWEMD Hurst (SWEMDH) technique. Then, the Time-Delay Estimation (TDE)-based VVMD was performed on the IMFs to elect the most relevant IMFs according to the Hurst exponent and lessen the low- as well as high-frequency noise elements in the speech signal. For each signal frame, the target features are chosen and fed to the DNN that learns these features to estimate the Ideal Ratio Mask (IRM) in a supervised manner. The abilities of DNN are enhanced for the categories of background noise, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the speech signals. Also, the noise category dimension and the SNR dimension are chosen for training and testing manifold DNNs since these are dimensions often taken into account for the SE systems. Further, the IRM in each frequency channel for all noisy signal samples is concatenated to reconstruct the noiseless speech signal. At last, the experimental outcomes exhibit considerable improvement in SE under different categories of noises.
High-Output Micro-Machined Electrostatic Actuators
Authors: Abbasalipour Amin , Palit Prithviraj , Sheikhlari Sepehr , Pakdelian Siavash , Pourkamali Siavash 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work presents a new class of micromachined electrostatic actuators capable of producing output force and displacement unprecedented for MEMS actuators. The actuators feature submicron high aspect ratio transduction gaps lined up in two-dimensional arrays inspired by the cellular structure of animal muscle tissue. Such arrangement of micro-scale actuator cells, allows addition of force and displacements of a large number of cells (up to 7600 in one array demonstrated), leading to displacements in the hundreds of microns range and several gram-forces of axial force. For 50 µm thick actuators with horizontal dimensions in the 1-4 millimeters range, out of plane displacement of up to 678 µm, bending moment of up to 2.0 µNm i.e. 0.08 N (~8 gram-force) of axial force over the 50 µm by 2 mm cross-sectional area of the actuator (800 kPa of electrostatically generated stress), and energy density (mechanical work output per stroke per volume) up to 1.42 mJ/cm3 have been demonstrated for the actuators.
Linking Solar Minimum, Space Weather, and Night Sky Brightness
Authors: Grauer Albert D. , Grauer Patricia A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
New observations indicate previously unrecognized significant sources of night sky brightness variations, not involving corresponding changes in the Sun's EUV flux , occur during deep solar minimum. Our data was taken at 5 sites spanning more than 8,500 km during the deep minimum of Solar Cycle 24 into the beginning of Solar Cycle 25. It shows; 1) Semi-annual night sky brightness variations are produced by interactions between the Earth's magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field. 2) Solar wind plasma streams from solar coronal holes produce major night sky brightness increase events. 3) Some night sky brightness events are relatively local. Others extend at least 8,500 km along the Earth's surface. 4) It is plausible, terrestrial night airglow and geomagnetic indices have similar responses to the solar energy input into Earth's magnetosphere. Our empirical results contribute to a quantitative basis for understanding and predicting night sky brightness variations. They are applicable in astronomical, space weather, light pollution, biological, and recreational studies.
Interleukin-17-based cytokine signaling as a determinant for tumor immune microenvironment with prognostic value in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Kok Victor C. , Wang Charles C.N. , Liao Szu-Han , Chen De-Lun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Only a proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is immunotherapy-responsive. We hypothesized that the tumor microenvironment (TME) might influence the outcomes of TNBC and investigated the relevant signaling pathways. Methods: RNA-seq data of 115 TNBC samples and 112 normal adjacent tissues were retrieved for ESTIMATE, CIBERSORTx, X2K, KEGG, and GSVA analyses. The immune score (IS) and stromal score (SS) were calculated and correlated with the overall survival (OS) in TNBC. Finally, we validated the altered transcription factor (TF) genes in the cBioPortal. Results: The SS is a good predictor of the OS (better survival in SS-low patients; P = 0.0081). In line with these results, when compared with IS-low/SS-high patients, IS-high/SS-low patients showed a better OS (P = 0.045). Moreover, macrophages were polarized toward the M2 phenotypes in IS-low/SS-high patients (P < 0.001). Compared with IS-low/SS-high patients, CIBERSORTx also showed that IS-high/SS-low patients had an increased number of memory B cells, CD8+ T cells (14.8% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.0286), activated CD4+ memory T cells, follicular helper T cells, and activated NK cells in the TME; additionally, fewer resting NK cells were detected in the TME (P = 0.0108). Additionally, there were 284 upregulated and 367 downregulated DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) in IS-high/SS-low, and 187 upregulated and 183 downregulated DEGs in IS-low/SS-high patients. KEGG analysis further revealed that the DEGs were enriched in the IL-17 and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. Of note, as per the cBioPortal platform, we discovered that 13% of ER-negative, HER2-unamplified BC patients harbored IL17RA deep deletions and 25% harbored TRAF3IP2 amplifications; interestingly, the nine altered TF genes were associated with significantly worse relapse-free survival and OS, in the context of 2,377 and 4,819 BC patients, respectively.Conclusions: The TME with different immune cell components influences the survival of TNBC patients. IS-high/SS-low patients show a better overall survival. Further studies are required to examine whether an immune/stromal state also predicts the response to immunotherapy.