bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of cicadas on continental and oceanic islands in the northwestern Pacific region
Authors: Nagata Nobuaki , Toda Mamoru , Ohbayashi Takashi , Hayashi Masami , Sota Teiji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimGenetic differentiation of terrestrial organisms among islands is assumed to be affected by the geological history of the islands, such as the time elapsed since the formation of islands or straits. Cicadas are generally poor dispersers, but some cicada groups have colonised continental and oceanic islands and evolved into endemic species. Here, we focused on a cicada group in the northwestern Pacific region to reveal the association between intra‐ and interspecific genetic differentiation and the geological history of islands for cicadas on continental islands. We also clarified whether colonisation of oceanic islands was achieved by long‐distance dispersal or artificial introduction.LocationJapanese Archipelago, Ogasawara Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago.TaxonCicadas of the genus Meimuna (Hemiptera: Cicadidae).MethodsWe performed phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimation, and ancestral area reconstruction using two mitochondrial and four nuclear gene sequences and population genetics analyses, including Bayesian skyline plotting using a mitochondrial gene sequence.ResultsMeimuna opalifera in the Japanese Archipelago, which was connected to the continent during the glacial periods, diverged from the continental populations 0.4 million years ago (Ma). In the Ryukyu Archipelago, which became disconnected from the continent earlier, two endemic species Meimuna kuroiwae and M. oshimensis diverged 2.4 Ma; these species showed differences in intraspecific genetic differentiation and range expansion. Furthermore, Meimuna iwasakii colonised the South Ryukyus from Taiwan Island later than 1.4 Ma, whereas M. boninensis, which is endemic to the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, diverged from M. kuroiwae in the Middle Ryukyus 1.04 Ma.Main conclusionsGenetic divergence among Meimuna species was larger on the continental islands that disconnected earlier, as was expected from the geological history of the islands. However, the pattern of intraspecific genetic differentiation differed between species within the same island region, possibly due to their ecological characteristics. In addition, colonisation of oceanic islands was achieved by long‐distance (possibly wind‐borne) dispersal from the continental islands. Thus, the formation of island cicada fauna was affected by islands’ geological history and species’ ecological characteristics, as well as accidental long‐distance dispersal events.
An imbalance in autophagy contributes to retinal damage in a rat model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy
Authors: Pesce Noemi Anna , Canovai Alessio , Plastino Flavia , Lardner Emma , Kvanta Anders , Cammalleri Maurizio , André Helder , Dal Monte Massimo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the abnormal retinal neovascularization is often accompanied by retinal neuronal dysfunction. Here, a rat model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), which mimics the ROP disease, was used to investigate changes in the expression of key mediators of autophagy and markers of cell death in the rat retina. In addition, rats were treated from birth to postnatal day 14 and 18 with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), an inhibitor of autophagy. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that autophagic mechanisms are dysregulated in the retina of OIR rats and indicated a possible correlation between autophagy and necroptosis, but not apoptosis. We found that 3‐MA acts predominantly by reducing autophagic and necroptotic markers in the OIR retinas, having no effects on apoptotic markers. However, 3‐MA does not ameliorate retinal function, which results compromised in this model. Taken together, these results revealed the crucial role of autophagy in retinal cells of OIR rats. Thus, inhibiting autophagy may be viewed as a putative strategy to counteract ROP.
Advancements in management of major fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in North Africa and future challenges: A review
Authors: Boulahia‐Kheder Synda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFruit flies are one of the most economically damaging pests of fleshy fruits worldwide. Two species of highest concern for fruit production in North Africa are the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and the peach fruit fly (PFF) Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (in Egypt and Libya only). Currently, both fruit fly species are mainly targeted by chemical applications of broad‐spectrum contact insecticides. Despite the disparities in control efforts among North African countries, government and research are focused on reducing chemical reliance and adopt more environmentally friendly technologies. In this review, advances in integrated pest management (IPM) implementation against fruit flies are outlined for each country. In addition, challenges for future efforts are identified with emphasis on the efficacy of trapping for monitoring and control.
A pilot study to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of training mental health workers in India to select case‐specific intervention procedures within a dynamic modular treatment designed for a low‐resource setting
Authors: Knudsen Kendra S. , Becker Kimberly D. , Guan Karen , Gellatly Resham , Patel Vikram H. , Malik Kanika , Boustani Maya M. , Mathur Sonal , Chorpita Bruce F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesA key consideration in designing scalable solutions for improving global mental health involves balancing the need for interventions to be uncomplicated for mental health workers (MHWs) and the need for the intervention to be widely applicable to many clients. Often these needs are in competition, since interventions are routinely simplified by removing procedures or reducing their dynamic responsivity, which in turn lowers their overall utility in serving large, clinically diverse populations. The principal aim of this pilot study involved evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a brief strategy designed to delegate problem classification and practice selection to MHWs operating within a flexible, modular, cognitive behavioural protocol. A secondary aim involved gathering data on which to base a hypothesis regarding the potential effectiveness of this strategy.MethodWithin an open trial, an educationally diverse sample of local MHWs in India (N = 18) reviewed fictional case vignettes, classified mental health problems, and then selected practices before and after a two‐hour training that included a one‐page decision‐making resource. Feasibility was measured by assessing the integrity of the study protocol and training, the measurement and administration of questionnaires as well as study recruitment and completion. Acceptability of the intervention was measured by MHW‐perceived performance, ease of use, value, importance, and intention for continued use. Decision‐making accuracy was assessed by comparing MHWs' clinical decisions with criteria established through consensus among psychologists with expertise in modular protocols.ResultsResults suggested high feasibility and acceptability on all metrics. Secondary analysis revealed that MHW's decision‐making accuracy and confidence also significantly improved, providing a basis for the hypothesis that this brief approach is useful for building MHW capacity in low‐resource settings.ConclusionOverall these findings provide initial support for these methods and potential training outcomes to test within a larger, randomized controlled trial.
Establishment and characterization of a liver cell line, ALL, derived from yellowfin sea bream, Acanthopagrus latus, and its application to fish virology
Authors: Li Yong , jia Peng , Yu Fangzhao , Li Wangdong , Mao Can , Yi Meisheng , Gu Qunhong , Jia Kuntong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractYellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) is an important economic fish, which is seriously threatened by various fish viruses. In this study, a cell line designated as ALL derived from the liver of yellowfin sea bream was developed and characterized. The cell line grew well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10%–20% foetal bovine serum at 28°C. Amplification of the cytochrome B gene indicated that ALL cells originated from yellowfin sea bream. The modal chromosome number of ALL cells was 48. ALL cells were efficiently transfected with pEGFP‐N3 plasmids, indicating the potential application of ALL cells in exogenous gene manipulation studies. ALL cells were susceptive to three main fish viruses, including viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and largemouth bass virus (LMBV). The replication of VHSV, RGNNV and LMBV in ALL cells was confirmed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, virus titre and transmission electron microscopy assays. Moreover, ALL cells could respond to VHSV, RGNNV and LMBV infections, as indicated by the differential expression of antiviral genes involving in the innate immune response. In conclusion, the newly established ALL cell line will be an excellent in vitro platform for the study of the virus–yellowfin sea bream interaction.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coliO157: H7 from dairy milk in the Peshawar region of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Khattak Sonia , Ali Roshan , Nawaz Nighat , Ullah Kalim , Khan Sher Bahadar , Ali Mumtaz , Patching Simon G. , Mustafa Mohammad Zahid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study analyzed raw (unpasteurized) dairy milk samples from farms, milk vendors, and shops in the Peshawar region of Pakistan for the prevalence of pathogenic multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. During August 2018–September 2019, 100 cow′s milk samples from 10 subregions of the Town‐3 district were tested for the prevalence of E. coli and of Shiga toxin–producing serotype O157: H7 using various biochemical, morphological, and molecular tests. MDR was tested using the disc diffusion method, while Shiga toxin and antibiotic resistance genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Twenty eight samples contained E. coli, of which six were positive for O157: H7. The O157: H7 isolates had resistances of 16.7% to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, 66.7% to ampicillin, 66.7% to ceftriaxone, 50.0% to kanamycin, 83.3% to streptomycin, 83.3% to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and 83.3% to vancomycin. All O157: H7 isolates contained the blaCTXM resistance gene, three of which also contained the blaTEM1 and blaNDM1 resistance genes, and were resistant to six or seven out of the seven antibiotics tested in a disc diffusion assay with 10 μg or 30 μg of antibiotic. Our observations are of high concern to public health in Pakistan, so appropriate measures should be implemented to minimize E. coli O157: H7 cross‐contamination and infection, including screening for E. coli O157: H7 in foods, equipment, and storage vessels; testing of isolates for antibiotic resistance; implementation of rigorous hygiene protocols in milk production and storage; training of farmers and milk production workers; and education of the public about hygiene and food practices.
Interventions to promote dementia knowledge among racial/ethnic minority groups: A systematic review
Authors: Huggins Lenique K. L. , Min Se Hee , Dennis Chelsea‐Ann , Østbye Truls , Johnson Kimberly S. , Xu Hanzhang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCertain racial/ethnic minority groups have a higher risk of developing dementia, yet studies have demonstrated that they often have limited knowledge and understanding of this disease. An increasing number of educational and advocacy programs have been developed to promote dementia knowledge. We aimed at assessing current evidence and quality regarding educational interventions for promoting dementia knowledge.MethodsWe searched for intervention studies published in English that focused on educational interventions for promoting dementia knowledge among racial/ethnic minority groups. We identified 25 relevant studies through PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus, using tailored search terms. We screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts, synthesized relevant evidence, and evaluated the studies' quality based on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Relevant intervention studies took place in communities, hospitals or clinics, and schools, and online.ResultsMost studies were conducted in the United States (n = 21), followed by the UK (n = 3). Over half of the studies included Asian/Pacific Islander groups (n = 14), followed by Black groups (n = 12) and Hispanic groups (n = 11). The intervention delivery mode varied across studies—from workshops hosted in a faith community to talk shows on YouTube. Target populations included middle‐aged and older adults, caregivers and family members, health students and professionals, and elementary school students. Common content included symptoms and signs of dementia, protective and risk factors, and local resources. The assessment of study outcomes varied across studies. Improvement in dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia was reported in many studies. Among the included studies, intervention satisfaction was high. The overall quality of the interventions was low.ConclusionFormally evaluated educational interventions promoting dementia knowledge are at an early stage. Existing published interventions showed adequate acceptability and promise in promoting better understanding and awareness of dementia in minority groups. More well‐designed randomized controlled trials are needed.
A case of verruciform xanthoma of the vulva with generalized verrucous nevus on extremities
Authors: Xia Jiali , Jiang Guan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundVerruciform xanthoma is a rare benign proliferative lesion of the skin and mucosa which mainly affects oral mucosa. Cases of verruciform xanthomas occurring outside the oral mucosa are rare. Verrucous nevus, also called epidermal nevus, is a cutaneous hamartoma caused by abnormal proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes.AimHere, we reported a 39‐year‐old woman diagnosed verruciform xanthoma of the vulva with generalized verrucous nevus on extremities.PatientA 39‐year‐old woman presented to the dermatology department. The vulva cauliflower tumor was accompanied by verrucous tumor of limbs for 33 years. The skin lesions showed cauliflower like growth in the size of fist in the perineum, and the Yellow verrucous vegetations of limbs were arranged in strips. Results The pathological diagnosis confirmed that the vulva verrucous xanthoma was combined with generalized verrucous nevus of limbs. No clinically relevant genes with pathogenic variants were detected by high‐throughput sequencing technology and whole exome sequencing of genetic diseases.ResultsThe pathological diagnosis confirmed that the vulva verrucous xanthoma was combined with generalized verrucous nevus of limbs. No clinically relevant genes with pathogenic variants were detected by high‐throughput sequencing technology and whole exome sequencing of genetic diseases.ConclusionThe case was confirmed to be verruciform xanthoma, a benign proliferative xanthoma‐like lesion with high incidence on the oral cavity. Combinded with generalized verrucous nevus,which is caused by excessive development of the epidermis, resulting in localized epidermal developmental abnormalities. Vulvar and peripheral lesions were treated through surgical approach. Lesions on the extremities were treated through oral administration of Acitretin capsules after obtaining informed consent from the patient. After a 3‐month follow‐up, the skin lesions on the hands and feet had partially disappeared. However, the outcome needs further follow‐up and examination.
Proactive risk assessment of intrahospital transport of critically ill patients from emergency department to intensive care unit in a teaching hospital and its implications
Authors: Zhang Weiying , Lv Jianhong , Zhao Jin , Ma Xiaoyan , Li Xueyan , Gu Hongming , Zhang Meiying , Zhou Runv 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the effects of the health failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) used in intrahospital transport (IHT) of critically ill patients from emergency department (ED) to the intensive care unit (ICU).BackgroundPatients who were transported from ED to ICU is highly critical. IHT of these patients is potentially risky, which may associate with adverse events (AEs). The concern of safe IHT can be addressed by performing proactive risk assessments using HFMEA and implementing the findings after the ED of our hospital being reconstructed.DesignA qualitative action research study combined with a quantitative cross‐sectional method.MethodsAccording to the HFMEA method, the failure modes of IHT were identified and analysed, and the effect of alterations was verified. We built a project team, drawn up a IHT flow chart, defined steps of IHT, classified the failure modes, calculated risk priority number and analysed by the decision tree, then formulated an action plan and verified the effects of the alterations. Incidence of AEs of transport was compared before and after HFMEA.SQUIRE 2.0 checklist was chosen on reporting the study process.ResultsThe HFMEA outlined a total of 5 major steps and 16 sub‐steps in the IHT process. From this, 64 potential failure modes were identified, with 17 modes having a RPN score higher than 8. Determined by the decision tree, there were 20 priority control failure modes, of which 16 involved 8 IHT alterations. Notable work‐flow alterations included use of a three‐stage hierarchical transport strategy based on patients’ condition assisted by the intelligent assessment system. Incidence of AEs was significantly decreased from 19.64% to 7.14% after the implementation of HFMEA (p < 0.05).ConclusionApplication of the HFMEA in optimising IHT process can improve the safety of transportation, which is worthy of promotion. Hierarchical transport scheme can reduce the incidence of AEs in IHT of critical emergency patients, which mainly includes the integration and construction of the transport team, equipment configuration and patient information system based on the classification of patients’ condition.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses play a crucial role in the IHT process. HFMEA can be adopted for proactive risk assessment of critically ill patients’ IHT from ED to ICU which involves multiple processes. The IHT hierarchical strategy based on the results of failure mode analysis should be more widely used to further verify its clinical effects.
THE AESTHETIC LIFE OF RELIGION AND ETHICS ON LONG STREET, CAPE TOWN
Authors: Alhourani Ala Rabiha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis ethnography explores the aesthetic dimension of religion and the sensational ways in which it contributes to shaping ordinary ethics on Long Street in Cape Town, South Africa. In the context of everyday social life on Long Street, homeless peoples’ claim of an ethical character is denied recognition. Long Street is a public space of conviviality and differences, a hybrid social reality marked with growing urbanization, globalization, and neoliberalism, and overseen by a continuous presence of security units. It is a street saturated with ever‐increasing social problems resulting from a revival of class differences. Ordinary ethics on Long Street is complex, unpredictable, dynamic, and vulnerable, and stands the risk of potential breakdown. Against this backdrop, this ethnography recounts the ways in which aesthetic formations of religion stimulate technologies of imaginations that offer homeless people sensory experiences of refuge, recognition, being, and belonging amidst social exclusion and a harsh lived experience. Aesthetics of religion are ethics made visible in public life.
THE CRITICAL POWER OF AN EXPANDED CONCEPT OF MORAL INJURY
Authors: Kellison Rosemary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContemporary analyses of moral injury in war focus on its occurrence in American veterans who commit or witness acts contrary to their deeply held moral beliefs. Moral injuries suffered by noncombatants are largely absent from this discourse. I advocate for greater inclusion of the victim‐centered perspective in studies of moral injury in war. This perspective conceptualizes moral injury as the specific harm suffered when one's moral humanity is not recognized. Given that susceptibility to moral injury is part of moral personhood, failure to acknowledge noncombatants' moral injury represents failure to recognize their full and particular personhood and thus may inflict further moral injury. Centering noncombatants' moral injury strengthens the critical power of moral injury, enabling the identification of specific steps toward establishing just relationships and social trust to repair and prevent moral injury in noncombatants and combatants alike.
MORAL INJURY AND TRAGIC SENSIBILITY
Authors: Dunn Shannon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince Jonathan Shay's work with Vietnam veterans, moral injury has largely focused on the harm done to soldiers' moral character through their participation in warfare. This essay argues for the inclusion of noncombatants in the scope of inquiry involving moral injury. Specifically, it argues for the necessity of ordinary citizens assuming responsibility for the moral injury done to soldiers and civilians alike in the post‐9/11 wars.
REAL LOVE
Authors: Bowen Amber 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile Kierkegaard creates characters who represent various ways of existing as lovers in the aesthetic and the ethical spheres, namely, Johannes the Seducer and Judge William, he does not have a corresponding character for love in the religious sphere. Is there truly only marginal space for romantic love in Kierkegaard’s religious sphere, or did his own personal history prevent him from being able to imagine what that might look like? This paper examines a commonly overlooked discourse, “On the Occasion of a Wedding,” for Kierkegaardian insights on erotic love in the religious sphere. Against understanding erotic love as a moment (in the aesthetic sphere), or a duty (in the ethical sphere), this paper explores how “On the Occasion of a Wedding” recasts erotic love as gift. Kierkegaard stages the “imagined occasion” of a wedding as a phenomenological reduction through which love presents itself with gift‐like characteristics. Respecting the gift‐status of love transforms the lover into a grateful recipient rather than a seducer or a conqueror. This paper concludes that the proper response to love as gift would be neither to refuse it in favor of nihilistic uncertainty nor to possess it through triumphalistic objectivity, but to humbly embrace both its “already” and its “not yet” dimensions.
THE WAR CAME ALIVE INSIDE OF THEM
Authors: Temoney Kate E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasingly, scholarship on moral injury is expanding to include non‐military personnel, and considers a violation of bodily integrity—for example, of civilian women who are targeted for sexual violence in warfare—as a particularly egregious harm. Moral injury discourse also extends beyond the individual to the social context in which moral injury arises, its relational effects, and its utterly devastating impact on personhood, an impact frequently characterized as a “soul wound.” The intersection of genocidal rape—both as an individual and a group harm—with religion, as facilitating moral injury and restorative “soul repair,” exemplifies these trends. Although moral injury research rarely addresses the detrimental influences of religion or references the “soul” with precision, the discourse of moral injury does provide an opportunity for exploring the relationship between personhood and agency from the perspectives of those who inflict and are subjected to harm.