bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the Literature on Child Protection and Domestic Violence Electronic Medical Record Alerts
Authors: Flaherty Rosemaria , McDougall Stewart , Arney Fiona , Meiksans Jenna , Hawkes Martine 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify peer‐reviewed publications on the use and/or evaluation of child protection or domestic violence alerts in electronic medical records. A systematic literature search yielded 751 results, with four articles retained for review. Two articles related to the Child Protection – Information Sharing electronic medical record alert system in England and two articles described a clinical decision‐support alert operating in the background of an electronic medical record system in the emergency department of the Pittsburgh Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, USA. No articles were identified that described domestic violence electronic medical record alert systems. Child protection electronic medical record alert systems are operating in healthcare facilities in several countries. However, despite their promise in terms of improving healthcare and service coordination for children and their families, research testing the efficacy of these systems is limited.‘Identif[ies] peer‐reviewed publications on the use and/or evaluation of child protection or domestic violence alerts in electronic medical records’Key Practitioner Messages

Child protection alerts in electronic medical records are used in a number of countries.
No published examples of the use of domestic violence alerts in electronic medical records could be found.
Alerts on linked electronic medical records can convey standardised, current, clinically significant information to a multitude of clinicians across several health services at once.
Two evaluation studies of a child protection electronic medical record alert system were found; therefore, more evaluation studies are required.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome after risk stratification
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Qiu Miaohan , Na Kun , Li Yuzhuo , Ma Sicong , Qi Zizhao , Li Jing , Li Yi , Han Yaling 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed at comparing the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in acute coronary artery syndrome (ACS) patients stratified by the Optimal Antiplatelet Therapy for Chinese Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (OPT‐CAD) risk score.BackgroundAlthough they provide a promising basis for treatment decisions, risk scores have not been utilized to optimize P2Y12 inhibitors for ACS patients.MethodsIn 2016–2019, 16,343 ACS patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were enrolled and classified as low‐risk (n = 9,841) or intermediate‐ to high‐risk (n = 6,502) according to OPT‐CAD risk score. Clinical outcomes for patients receiving clopidogrel or ticagrelor were compared within risk levels. Primary endpoint was ischemic events at 12 months. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance groups.ResultsThe risk of ischemic events (2.73% vs. 3.89%, p = .02) and all‐cause mortality (1.75% vs. 2.86%, p = .01) were lower in the intermediate‐ to high‐risk patients treated with ticagrelor than those treated with clopidogrel, without an excessive risk of major bleeding (3.71% vs. 3.95%, p = .65). Among low‐risk patients, ticagrelor was associated with significantly increased bleeding risk (4.13% vs. 2.85%, p < .01) compared to clopidogrel, with no difference in ischemic risk (1.04% vs. 1.25%, p = .36). Results were consistent in PSM cohorts.ConclusionsTicagrelor improves ischemic prognosis in intermediate‐ to high‐risk patients but shows worse safety in low‐risk patients compared to clopidogrel, supporting the effectiveness of risk score‐guided decision making.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Performance in Bilayer TiO2/α‐Fe2O3 Nanorod Arrays Photoanode with Cu : NiOx as Hole Transport Layer and Co−Pi as Cocatalyst
Authors: Li Hongxing , Yin Meisong , Li Xianglin , Mo Rong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEfficient charge transfer and excellent surface water oxidation kinetics are key factors in determining the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance in photoelectrodes. Herein, a bilayer TiO2/α‐Fe2O3 nanorod (NR) arrays photoanode was prepared with deposited Cu‐doped NiOx (Cu : NiOx) hole transport layer (HTL) and Co−Pi oxygen evolution reaction (OER) cocatalyst for PEC water oxidation. The hierarchical TiO2/α‐Fe2O3 composite obtained by a secondary hydrothermal process exhibited an inapparent bilayer structure by embedding the underlayer TiO2 NR arrays at the bottom part of the post‐grown α‐Fe2O3 NR arrays. The underlayer TiO2 NRs acted as an effective shuttling pathway for transferring photoelectrons generated in the upper hematite light absorber layer. A p‐type inter‐Cu : NiOx HTL was introduced to form a build‐in p–n electric field between Cu : NiOx and α‐Fe2O3 NRs, which improved the hole extraction from α‐Fe2O3 to Co−Pi OER catalyst. As expected, the as‐engineered TiO2/α‐Fe2O3/Cu : NiOx/Co−Pi photoanode displayed an excellent photocurrent density of 2.43 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE), up to 4.05 and 2.23 times greater than those of the bare α‐Fe2O3 (0.60 mA cm−2) and TiO2/α‐Fe2O3, respectively. The results demonstrate that the bottom‐up engineering of electron‐hole transport channels and cocatalyst modification is an attractive maneuver to enhance the PEC water oxidation activity in hematite and other photoanodes.
Magnetic adsorbent based on the electric arc furnace dust for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Shamsi Zahra , Mohamadi Zahra , Zamani Abbasali , Alizadeh Azadeh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are different solutions to manage industrial sewage, and recently reusing the useful materials in sewage is a trending topic among environmentalists. In this study, electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), a by‐product of the steelmaking industry, and finding a way to it reuse will be the main topic of this article. EAFD with 37% iron (Fe) content as the magnetic adsorbents has a good ability to treat contaminated water. The batch method was used to evaluate the effective parameters for removing methylene blue with a magnetic adsorbent, such as the initial concentrations of dye, the pH of the solution, time dependency, and the amount of adsorbent. The results showed that 3 g of the adsorbent could remove 93 ± 1% of the methylene blue from the 100 ml of an aqueous solution with an initial concentration of 5 ppm during 20 min at pH = 6. Kinetic data and the adsorption isotherms were better fitted with the pseudo‐second‐order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich models (R2 = 0.97), respectively, which confirmed the chemisorption. The real sample's recovery results with three replicate confirmed the MB removal was dramatically reduced by more than 80%.
Inhibition of the metabolism of mixed cultures of purple phototrophic bacteria by typical refinery and petrochemistry wastewater pollutants
Authors: San Martín Javier , Puyol Daniel , Melero Juan A , Segura Yolanda , Martínez Fernando 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnaerobic treatments based on purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) can be a more efficient and less energetically demanding alternative to aerobic biological processes currently used in refinery and petrochemistry wastewater (RPWW) treatment plants. Toxic compounds in the RPWW might compromise PPB metabolism, limiting its feasibility. In this work, seven toxic compounds that are typical components of RPWW [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o‐xylene (BTEX), furfural, methyl‐di‐ethanolamine (MDEA) and butanone] were evaluated as potential inhibitors of the specific activity and growth of PPB.RESULTSInhibitory Ki parameters of 50% reduction of specific activity or biomass yield were calculated. Most of the BTEX compounds showed initial inhibitory effects on the specific activity, with Ki values of 305 ± 9, 151 ± 17 and 84 ± 2 mg L−1 for benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene, respectively. These compounds also caused inhibition of PPB growth (Ki of 411 ± 7 and 241 ± 3 mg L−1, 26% below the control, respectively). By contrast, o‐xylene affected neither the activity nor the growth. Furfural inhibited the initial specific activity (Ki of 448 ± 24 mg L−1), with no effect over the PPB growth. However, MDEA and butanone improved the initial specific activity of PPB (15% and 40% above the control, respectively). However, butanone negatively impacted the growth which decreased to ≤40% below the control.CONCLUSIONSCalculated inhibition thresholds for the seven toxic compounds were far above the actual concentrations found in the RPWW. Thus, anaerobic treatments based on PPB for the treatment of RPWW would not be limited by the presence of the toxic compounds studied here. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
TA‐65 does not increase telomere length during post‐natal development in house sparrow chicks (Passer domesticus)
Authors: Vangorder‐Braid Jennifer T. , Sirman Aubrey E. , Kucera Aurelia C. , Kittilson Jeffrey D. , Kibble Tania M. , Heidinger Britt J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTelomeres, protective caps at the end of chromosomes, are often positively related to lifespan and are thought to be an important mechanism of organismal aging. To better understand the casual relationships between telomere length and longevity, it is essential to be able to experimentally manipulate telomere dynamics (length and loss rate). Previous studies suggest that exposure to TA‐65, an extract from the Chinese root Astragalus membranaceus, activates telomerase, lengthens telomeres, increases the growth of keratin‐based structures, and boosts the immune system in adults. However, telomere loss is expected to be greatest during early life but whether TA‐65 has similar effects during this life stage is currently unknown. Here, we experimentally exposed free‐living house sparrow (Passer domesticus) chicks to TA‐65 during post‐natal development and examined the effects on telomere length and loss, growth of keratin‐based structures, and a measure of cellular immunity. Contrary to expectation, the growth of keratin‐based structures was reduced in TA‐65 chicks and in the second year of the study, chicks exposed to TA‐65 experienced more telomere loss than controls. Thus, the effects of TA‐65 on telomeres and keratin‐based structures differ across life stages and future research will be necessary to determine the mechanisms underlying these age‐specific effects.
An obstacle clearance test for evaluating sensorimotor control after anterior cruciate ligament injury: A kinematic analysis
Authors: Grinberg Adam , Strong Andrew , Buck Sebastian , Selling Jonas , Häger Charlotte K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensorimotor deficits, particularly proprioceptive, are often reported following rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). High secondary injury rates and long‐term negative consequences suggest that these deficits are not properly identified using current assessment methods. We explored a novel obstacle clearance test to evaluate sensorimotor control in individuals following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and rehabilitation. Thirty‐seven post‐ACLR individuals, 23 nonathletic asymptomatic controls (CTRL), and 18 elite athletes stepped over a hurdle‐shaped obstacle, downward vision occluded, aiming for minimal clearance. Kinematic outcomes (3D motion capture) for the leading and trailing legs, for two unpredictably presented obstacle heights, were categorized into Accuracy: vertical foot clearance and minimal distance from the obstacle; Variability: end‐point and hip/knee trajectory; and Symmetry: trunk/hip/knee crossing angles, hip–knee–ankle movement, and velocity curves. Accuracy was worse for CTRL compared with both other groups. ACLR had less leading and trailing vertical foot clearance with their injured compared with their noninjured leg. ACLR and athletes had less crossing knee flexion in their injured/nondominant legs compared with their contralateral leg, both leading and trailing. ACLR showed greater trunk flexion when crossing with their injured leg, both leading and trailing. For the leading leg, ACLR showed greater asymmetry for the hip–knee–ankle velocity curve compared with elite athletes. Trailing leg trajectory variability was lower for ACLR compared with CTRL and athletes for higher obstacles. Clinical significance: Sensorimotor deficits in individuals post‐ACLR were reflected by greater asymmetry and less variable (more stereotypical) trajectories rather than limb positioning ability. This consideration should be addressed in clinical evaluations.
A study about silane modification and interfacial ultraviolet aging of hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Han Hong Chang , Gong Xiao Lu , Zhou Ming , Li Chen , Yang Heng Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInterfacial adhesion and the potential degradation are critical to service life and performances of plant fiber polymer composites. In this paper, the interfacial ultraviolet (UV) aging was studied by silane modification of hemp fiber on UV aging of the reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Three silane agents of 3‐(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS), N‐[3‐(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline (PAPS), and (3‐Aminopropyl)‐triethoxysilane (APS) were selected to obtain different interfacial adhesion. The composite degradation was characterized by surface observations, surface degradations, and tensile tests. The results show that functional group of silane agent has considerable effects on UV aging of the polymer composites. For APS, the composites have higher interfacial adhesion and exhibit slower surface whitening, cracking, degradation, and less mechanical properties deteriorations than others. After 8 weeks aging, its fracture stress and fracture strain decreased of 5.3% and 8.0%, respectively. Because aniline of PAPS is incompatible with PP matrix, the composites have a relative weak interfacial adhesion and shows faster surface whitening, cracking, and degradation. While aniline absorbs UV radiation strongly and may retard the interfacial degradation, thus its fracture stress hardly decreased after 8 weeks. However, ester group in MPS absorbs UV radiation and may get degraded leading to the decline of interfacial chain slips. Thus, fracture strains of the composites decrease greatest of 35.2%. It is concluded that interfacial adhesion and potential degradation are critical in UV aging. A “suitable” modifier improves not only initial mechanical properties but also the weathering resistance of plant fiber polymer composites.
The intergenerational social mobility of internationally mobile students: The status attainment of returnees from abroad compared with non‐returnees
Authors: Bahna Miloslav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe well‐researched positive selectivity of international student mobility (ISM) participants with regard to parental education and social class identifies ISM as a strategy of distinction in times of a massification of tertiary education. Research has noted that returnees profit from the distinction their education gives them in the local labour market. However, studies from several countries suggest that about half of international students do not return home after graduation. How is social status transferred in these cases? The occupational statuses of ISM returnees and non‐returnees do not differ significantly. Blau and Duncan's status attainment model for returnees finds higher similarity between the occupational status of graduates and their fathers as well as a higher explained variance when compared with the model for non‐returnees. This suggests that some capitals of a graduate's family are not internationally transferable and complicates the notion of ISM as a strategy of intergenerational transfer of social status.
Swing reduction for double‐pendulum three‐dimensional overhead cranes using energy‐analysis‐based control method
Authors: Ouyang Huimin , Zhao Bingqing , Zhang Guangming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn practical applications, when the mass of the hook cannot be ignored or the shape of the payload is irregular, the crane often exhibits the dynamic characteristics of double‐pendulum. Due to the complexity of double‐pendulum effect, the design of a controller for an three‐dimensional overhead crane with double‐pendulum effect is more complicated and more challenging. In addition, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory control performance due to the uncertainty of the parameters of the crane system. Moreover, the saturation constraint of the actuator is not considered, which may cause the actuator to saturate and severely degrade the control performance. Aiming at these practical problems, we propose a nonlinear controller based on energy analysis for the three‐dimensional overhead cranes system with double‐pendulum effect, while considering the saturation constraints of the actuator. Meanwhile, the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is not only guaranteed. The comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in trolley positioning and swing angles eliminating.
Emulated order identification for models of big time series data
Authors: Wu Brian , Drignei Dorin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis interdisciplinary research includes elements of computing, optimization, and statistics for big data. Specifically, it addresses model order identification aspects of big time series data. Computing and minimizing information criteria, such as BIC, on a grid of integer orders becomes prohibitive for time series recorded at a large number of time points. We propose to compute information criteria only for a sample of integer orders and use kriging‐based methods to emulate the information criteria on the rest of the grid. Then we use an efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm to identify the orders. The method is applied to both ARMA and ARMA‐GARCH models. We simulated times series from each type of model of prespecified orders and applied the method to identify the orders. We also used real big time series with tens of thousands of time points to illustrate the method. In particular, we used sentiment scores for news headlines on the economy for ARMA models, and the NASDAQ daily returns for ARMA‐GARCH models, from the beginning in 1971 to mid‐April 2020 in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The proposed method identifies efficiently and accurately the orders of models for big time series data.
Agri‐Food Extracts Effectiveness in Improving Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Face Masks: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Passaglia Elisa , Campanella Beatrice , Coiai Serena , Cicogna Francesca , Carducci Annalaura , Verani Marco , Federigi Ileana , Casini Beatrice , Tuvo Benedetta , Bramanti Emilia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe European dependencies for raw materials supply from foreign countries have been unquestionably shown by COVID‐19 outbreak and have become particular evident from the slow response to the need for high quality personal protective equipment (PPEs). Among all medical devices, surgical face masks have earned themselves a primary role for the containment of the epidemic. In this context, our work aims at improving the barrier effect of surgical mask by depositing on their external surface a mixture of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, extracted from agronomical sources. The main objective is the integration of the biorefining of agri‐food solid wastes with the potential virucidal properties of the polyphenolic extracts for the treatment of PPEs.
Updating intensity–duration–frequency curves for urban infrastructure design under a changing environment
Authors: Yan Lei , Xiong Lihua , Jiang Cong , Zhang Mengjie , Wang Dong , Xu Chong‐Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation have increased in many regions in the past century due to climate change. Many studies have revealed that short‐duration extreme precipitations are likely to become more and more severe in many areas, thus raising a question on whether our urban infrastructures have been designed adequately to cope with these changes. Currently, Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, which summarize the relationships between the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation for different durations, are recommended as a criterion for urban infrastructure design and stormwater management. However, climate change is thought to have invalidated the stationary assumption in deriving IDF curves, that is, current IDF curves could misevaluate future extreme precipitation in many cases. Therefore, it is necessary to update the current IDF curves by considering possible changes of extreme precipitation. In this review, we first summarize observed changes in urban short‐duration extreme precipitation and explore the physical mechanisms associated with changes. Then, we introduce two major approaches for updating IDF curves, namely the covariate‐based nonstationary IDF curves and climate‐model‐based IDF curves. Advances in these two updating approaches for IDF curves are the focus of this review. These include the investigation of physically‐based covariates with nonstationary modeling of extreme precipitation; nonstationary precipitation design strategies; and the statistical downscaling and dynamic downscaling methods for projecting future short‐duration precipitation. Finally, we summarize some future research challenges and opportunities on providing reliable projections of future short‐duration extreme precipitation and better characterize the probabilistic behavior of short‐duration extreme precipitation for IDF design.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Engineering Water
Real-Time Triggering of Android Memory Dumps for Stealthy Attack Investigation
Authors: Bellizzi Jennifer , Vella Mark , Colombo Christian , Hernandez-Castro Julio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAttackers regularly target Android phones and come up with new ways to bypass detection mechanisms to achieve long-term stealth on a victim’s phone. One way attackers do this is by leveraging critical benign app functionality to carry out specific attacks.In this paper, we present a novel generalised framework, JIT-MF (Just-in-time Memory Forensics), which aims to address the problem of timely collection of short-lived evidence in volatile memory to solve the stealthiest of Android attacks. The main components of this framework are i) Identification of critical data objects in memory linked with critical benign application steps that may be misused by an attacker; and ii) Careful selection of trigger points, which identify when memory dumps should be taken during benign app execution.The effectiveness and cost of trigger point selection, a cornerstone of this framework, are evaluated in a preliminary qualitative study using Telegram and Pushbullet as the victim apps targeted by stealthy malware. Our study identifies that JIT-MF is successful in dumping critical data objects on time, providing evidence that eludes all other forensic sources. Experimentation offers insight into identifying categories of trigger points that can strike a balance between the effort required for selection and the resulting effectiveness and storage costs. Several optimisation measures for the JIT-MF tools are presented, considering the typical resource constraints of Android devices.