bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of CdTe, CIGS and CZTS Solar Cells using WxAMPS Software
Authors: Hashmi Galib , Hossain Md. Shawkot , Rashid Mohammad Junaebur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solar cells made of Cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) are currently the most widely studied thin film technologies.To increase the performance and for better understanding of the behavior of CdTe, CIGS and CZTS solar cell simulations have been performed using WxAMPS software. Moreover, all the solar cells have been simulated with different buffer layers and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers such as Cadmium Sulphide (CdS), Zinc Sulphide (ZnS), Aluminum Zinc Oxide (AZO) and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).Variations in the thickness and doping concentrations of TCO layers, buffer layers, and absorber layers have been done to test the performance of the solar cells.The effects of using a Back-Surface Reflector (BSR) layer made of Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) have also been studied.Furthermore, the simulation work is exceptional in this regard since all of the layers of CdTe, CIGS, and CZTS solar cells were modeled using optical parameters (absorption coefficients) from the literature. All the solar cell's open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), maximum power (Pm), fill factor (FF), and photovoltaic efficiencies have been represented in this work. The simulation results may provide valuable insight in developing and better understanding of high-efficiency thin film solar cells.
Analysis of The Tool-Chip Interface Temperature In Cryogenic Hard Turning of Aisi D6 Tool Steel
Authors: de Lima Edmilson Dantas , De Melo Anderson Clayton Alves , de Oliveira Adilson José , Milan Júlio César Giubilei , Machado Álisson Rocha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hard turning is considered a strong candidate to partially replace grinding in finishing operations. However, as in the grinding operation, hard turning produces high temperatures that contributes to accelerate the cutting tool wear. In order to minimize this effect, cutting fluids can be applied as an alternative, even when PCBN inserts are used as cutting tools. However, there are many drawbacks associated with the use of cutting fluids, particularly those of mineral base, as they are hazardous to the environment. In this context, the need for more eco-friendly cutting fluids is growing and liquid nitrogen (LN2) offers a promising alternative. Previous studies have shown that LN2 can significantly reduce the cutting tool wear rate in comparison with other cooling strategies, and this is normally attributed to a reduction in the tool-chip interface temperature. However, investigations on the tool-chip interface temperature in cryogenic machining are scarce in the literature, particularly with regard to the turning of tool steels, and this study was performed to partially fill this gap. The tool-chip interface temperature during the turning of quenched and tempered AISI D6 tool steel, under dry conditions and using LN2, was investigated. A tool-workpiece thermocouple system was developed for this purpose and calibrated using a data acquisition system based on the low-cost Arduino Uno platform. In the turning tests, liquid nitrogen was delivered at the tool flank face of PCBN inserts at three cutting speeds with a constant feed rate and depth of cut. The results showed that LN2 was effective in reducing the tool-chip interface temperature at the lowest cutting speed; however, when this cutting parameter was increased, the reduction in the interface temperature was minimal as compared with the dry condition.
Stress is Associated with Severe Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Wang Ni , Pan Yue , Huang Kaibin , Lin Zhenzhou , Zhang Xiaomei , Wu Yongming , Wang Shengnan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Stress was reported to trigger and exacerbate a lot of autoimmune diseases. The underlying mechanisms include disturbed hormone homeostasis, dysregulated immune function, neuroinflammation by macrophages and microglia, and so on. There have been case reports of stress-induced anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis (anti-NMDARE). To elucidate the association between stress events and anti-NDMARE, we conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study.Materials and Methods: All severe anti-NMDARE patients admitted to neuro-intensive care unit (NICU) of Nanfang Hospital between September 2013 and July 2020 were screened. The stress events within 1 year before the onset were evaluated by a questionnaire survey using the Chinese Life Event Scale. The demographic information, clinical features, laboratory results and prognosis were collected and compared between patients with and without life stress events (LSE). Patients were further classified based on the existence of teratoma and herpes viruses in cerebrospinal fluid to investigate the association between stress and anti-NMDARE. Results: Of the 26 severe anti-NMDARE patients, 9 (34.6%) patients reported LSE. Among them, 5 (55.6%) had family stress, 3 (33.3%) had work stress and 1 (11.1%) had both family and work stress. No significant differences were observed in disease severity upon admission, NICU stay time, mechanical ventilation time or other laboratory results. The comorbid rate of teratoma and herpes virus was not significantly different between patients with and without LSE. However, 7 of the patients without teratoma and herpes virus (7/17, 41.2%) experienced LSE before the disease onset. The prognosis of patients with LSE was significantly better than that of patients without LSE (P=0.023).Conclusions: Up to 34.6% of severe anti-NMDARE patients had LSE within 1 year before the onset, which might even be underestimated. This study suggested that stress might be another risk factor for anti-NMDARE besides teratoma and herpes virus. Neurologists should pay attention to the stress of the patients and provide psychological therapy to the patients.
A Prognostic Model Based on Immune-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs for Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Peng Yao , Wang Hui , Huang Qi , Wu Jingjing , Zhang Mingjun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), as an important regulator of gene expression, can affect a variety of physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that immune-related lncRNA play an important role in the tumor immune microenvironment and may have potential application value in the treatment and prognosis prediction of tumor patients. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is characterized by high incidence and poor prognosis. However, there are few studies on immune-related lncRNAs in EOC. In this study, we focused on the immune-related lncRNAs associated with survival in EOC. Methods: We downloaded mRNA data for EOC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and mRNA data for normal ovarian tissue from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, and identified differential genes through differential Expression analysis. Immune-related lncRNAs were obtained through taking intersection and co-expression analysis of differential genes and immune-related genes from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort). Samples in the TCGA EOC cohort were randomly divided into training set, validation set and combination set. In the training set, Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression were used to construct an immune-related lncRNA signature. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, time-dependent ROC curve analysis, Cox regression analysis and principal component analysis were applied to verification in the training set, training set, validation set and combination set. Further studies of pathways and immune cell infiltration were conducted through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GESA) and the Timer data portal.Results: An immune-related lncRNA signature was identified in EOC, which was composed of six immune-related lncRNAs (KRT7-AS, USP30-AS1, AC011445.1, AP005205.2, DNM3OS and AC027348.1). The signature divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The overall survival of the high-risk group was lower than that of the low-risk group, and was verified to be robust in both the training set and the combination set. This signature was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker. The signature was confirmed to be an independent prognostic biomarker. Principal component analysis showed the different distribution patterns of high-risk and low-risk groups. This signature may be related to immune cell infiltration (mainly macrophages) and differential expression of immune checkpoint-related molecules (PD-1, PDL1, etc.). Conclusions: we identified and established a prognostic signature of immune-related lncRNA in EOC, which is of great value in predicting the prognosis of clinical patients and may provide a new perspective for the immunological research and individualized treatment in EOC.
Culinary in Petik Sari Tradition: Meanings and Values along Society Empowerment
Authors: Zainuri Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Tradition is a local activity with mystical nuances, a religion that has been around for a long time and flows in people's lives. The purpose of this article is to explain a cultural community tradition with its culinary variety. Community empowerment (rewang) which is represented as a joint movement to build traditions and empower together. In this paper the author uses the socio-religious study method using a phenomenological approach and theoretical framework. This approach is relevant to this study because phenomenology can analyze it to an event that some people might consider normal. However, there are hundreds of meanings that can be expressed in each blade of the Nusantara’s culinary offerings. It is also embedded in the attitude of empowering women, mothers or the entire community so that they can share recipes and cook in a tradition. There is also an educational, spiritual value that will be embedded in every culinary dish of the Nusantara. The theory that I want to use is Auguste Comte’s theory of evolution and Acculturation from Koentowijoyo's point of view. Typical foods in traditions that hold meaning include Jenang, Tumpeng, Takir, and Ingkung Chicken meat. Community empowerment is the key to the preservation of Various traditional culinary delights with their economic, cultural, and historical aspects. Keywords: Tradition, Culinary, Empowered
India's Women Entrepreneurship Program Initiatives: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Goyal Mukta 
Published: August 2021

The transformation of Indian society's social content, in terms of increased educational status for women and various ambitions for a better life, necessitated a change in the life style of Indian women. In every walk of life, she has competed with man and successfully stood up to him, and company is no exception. These female leaders are confident and willing to take risks. With their efforts, diligence, and perseverance, they were able to survive and succeed in this cutthroat rivalry. The aim of this paper is to investigate the main factors that encourage women to pursue entrepreneurial endeavors, as well as their role in growing women's entrepreneurial intentions in Indian micro, small, and medium businesses and the reasons for women's slow progress in India, suggestions for women's development, and schemes for promoting and developing women's entrepreneurship in India. The study discovers that antecedents such as motivational influences, perceived viability, and entrepreneurial ability play a significant role in the actions of women entrepreneurs. The results have been very significant in the few cases where training has been designed and delivered. This paper will discuss the current state of women entrepreneurs in India, as well as the obstacles and problems they face in establishing and managing their businesses in a highly competitive market. Primary sources, such as published studies, essays, and academic papers, are included in this paper's conceptual design.
SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES ABOUT CONSTRUCTIVE FEEDBACK: EVIDENCE FROM KARACHI, PAKISTAN
Authors: Aslam Rabia , Khan Najmonnisa 
Published: August 2021

Teachers’ knowledge, conceptualization and actual practices in the classroom influence students’ academic performance. The present study sought to determine the existing practices and knowledge of teachers about constructive feedback, and to find how the knowledge of teachers would predict teachers’ feedback practices in classroom. A quantitative approach with survey research design was adopted to collect the data from the respondent through feedback knowledge questionnaire. The participants of the study were 396 secondary schools teachers of Karachi, Pakistan which were selected randomly from the population. Findings show that the teachers have good knowledge about providing constructive feedback as all the mean values of the constructs were in the range of acceptance (3.61-4.18). However they are not utilizing this knowledge in their daily teaching, as evidence from the descriptive analysis shows that majority teachers (69%) are taking more than a week time to provide feedback, and it is mostly in the form of verbal comments (64.1%) or just only tick or cross mark on students’ work (76.2%). That is the reason that insignificant results were found between teachers’ practices and their perception with very week negative correlation and effect size was also found negligible. Professional trainings are recommended to overcome this contradiction.
THE PROJECT-BASED ASSESSMENT LEARNING MODEL THAT IMPACTS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT AND NATIONALISM ATTITUDES
Authors: Widiana I Wayan , Tegeh I Made , Artanayasa I Wayan 
Published: August 2021

Globalization gives a negative influence on children’s nationalism. This is exacerbated by the low students’ learning achievement in the social studies education (SSE), despite the fact that one of the objectives of the SSE learning is to develop students’ potentials to be sensitive to social problems in the person, the society, the nation, and the state. This study is aimed at describing the effectiveness of the project-based assessment learning model with national insight- oriented activities on the SSE learning achievement and nationalism attitudes of primary school students. The study is quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent pre-test post test control group design. The research population consisted of all fourth-grade students totaling to 231 in number. Sampling was done by the random sampling technique, resulting in 46 students. Data were collected using test and non-test techniques. The test instrument was a multiple-choice test and the non-test instrument was a five-scale questionnaire. Both instruments were subjected to validity and reliability testing. The data analysis technique used the MANOVA statistic with the help of the SPSS computer software. The results showed that the significance level of the MANOVA test was .000 (< .0). This means that there are significant differences both partially and simultaneously in the SSE learning achievement and nationalism attitudes between students who learn by applying the project assessment learning model and students who learn ny applying the conventional learning model. In other words, there is a positive significant effect of learning using the project-based assessment learning model oriented on nationalism-insight activities towards the students’ SSE learning achievement and nationalism attitudes.
Short-Term and Long-Term Renal Outcomes in Patients With Obesity After Minimally Invasive Versus Open Partial Nephrectomy for the Treatment of Renal Cancer: Retrospective Study
Authors: Flippo Brittany , Stone Bradley , Stahr Shelbie , Khalil Mahmoud , Davis Rodney , Kamel Mohamed , Singh Manisha 
Published: August 2021

Background
Obesity is significantly associated with renal cell carcinoma. Surgery is the preferred treatment for demarcated lesions of renal cell carcinoma; however, obesity increases the complexity of surgical outcomes. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are preferred over open partial nephrectomy (OPN), but controversy remains regarding the most efficacious technique in patients with obesity.

Objective
This study aims to determine whether minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) or OPN better preserves renal function and investigate short- and long-term renal outcomes in patients with obesity undergoing a partial nephrectomy.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of 242 adult patients aged ≥18 years who underwent MIPN or OPN between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2016, at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Using creatinine as a measure of kidney function, patients’ preoperative levels were compared with their postoperative levels in 2-time frames: short (3-6 months postsurgery) or long (>6 months). The primary outcome was the change in creatinine values from preoperative to >6 months postoperatively in patients with obesity. Secondary outcomes included the change in creatinine values from preoperative to 3 to 6 months postoperatively in patients with obesity who underwent MIPN versus OPN. We also analyzed the creatinine values of nonobese patients (BMI <30) who underwent partial nephrectomy using the same time frames. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI to observe associations between surgery type and changes in creatinine values from while stratifying for obesity.

Results
A total of 140 patients were included in the study, of whom 75 were obese and 65 were nonobese. At >6 months after MIPN (n=20), the odds of patients with obesity having a decrease or no change in creatinine values was 1.24 times higher than those who had OPN (n=13; OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.299-6.729; P=.80). At 3 to 6 months after MIPN (n=27), the odds were 0.62 times lower than those after OPN (n=17; OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.140-2.753; P=.56). In the nonobese group, at 3 to 6 months after undergoing minimally invasive surgery (n=18), the odds of having a decrease or no change in creatinine values was 4.86 times higher than those who had open surgery (n=21; OR 4.86, 95% CI 1.085-21.809; P=.04). At more than 6 months after MIPN (n=14), the odds were 4.13 times higher than those after OPN (n=11; OR 4.13, 95% CI 0.579-29.485; P=.16).

Conclusions
We observed a nonstatistically significant preservation of renal function in patients with obesity who underwent OPN at 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Conversely, after 6 months, the same was true for MIPN, indicating the long-term benefit of MIPN. In the nonobese group, MIPN was favored over OPN.
Comparing a Multimedia Digital Informed Consent Tool With Traditional Paper-Based Methods: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abujarad Fuad , Peduzzi Peter , Mun Sophia , Carlson Kristina , Edwards Chelsea , Dziura James , Brandt Cynthia , Alfano Sandra , Chupp Geoffrey 
Published: August 2021

Background
The traditional informed consent (IC) process rarely emphasizes research participants’ comprehension of medical information, leaving them vulnerable to unknown risks and consequences associated with procedures or studies.

Objective
This paper explores how we evaluated the feasibility of a digital health tool called Virtual Multimedia Interactive Informed Consent (VIC) for advancing the IC process and compared the results with traditional paper-based methods of IC.

Methods
Using digital health and web-based coaching, we developed the VIC tool that uses multimedia and other digital features to improve the current IC process. The tool was developed on the basis of the user-centered design process and Mayer’s cognitive theory of multimedia learning. This study is a randomized controlled trial that compares the feasibility of VIC with standard paper consent to understand the impact of interactive digital consent. Participants were recruited from the Winchester Chest Clinic at Yale New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, and healthy individuals were recruited from the community using fliers. In this coordinator-assisted trial, participants were randomized to complete the IC process using VIC on the iPad or with traditional paper consent. The study was conducted at the Winchester Chest Clinic, and the outcomes were self-assessed through coordinator-administered questionnaires.

Results
A total of 50 participants were recruited in the study (VIC, n=25; paper, n=25). The participants in both groups had high comprehension. VIC participants reported higher satisfaction, higher perceived ease of use, higher ability to complete the consent independently, and shorter perceived time to complete the consent process.

Conclusions
The use of dynamic, interactive audiovisual elements in VIC may improve participants’ satisfaction and facilitate the IC process. We believe that using VIC in an ongoing, real-world study rather than a hypothetical study improved the reliability of our findings, which demonstrates VIC’s potential to improve research participants’ comprehension and the overall process of IC.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02537886; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02537886
Investigation of the Effects of an Online Support Group for Mental Health Problems on Stigma and Help-Seeking Among Japanese Adults: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kobori Osamu , Yoshinaga Naoki 
Published: August 2021

Background
Online support groups vary widely in both goals and structures owing to the rapid development of social networking services. Several studies have shown the potential effectiveness of online support groups, such as reducing psychological distress (eg, depression) among individuals with mental health problems. However, online support groups often do not aim at effectiveness regarding distress relief–related outcomes.

Objective
This study aims to examine whether the use frequency of online support group platform functions (U2plus) is associated with lower stigma and higher consumer activation.

Methods
A total of 350 U2plus users participated in a web-based survey. They were asked what therapy they had received in the past and how often they logged on to it, used each of its functions, and completed the following questionnaires: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Devaluation-Discrimination Scale, and the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire.

Results
Regarding the therapy received, 88% (308/350) of participants had taken medication for mental health problems, and 66.6% (233/350) had received psychotherapy or mental health counseling. Regarding use frequency, 21.7% (74/341) of the participants signed in to U2plus and used its functions more than once a week. The use frequency of U2plus functions was not correlated with perceived stigma, but the use frequency of some functions was weakly correlated with help-seeking intentions from formal sources (eg, doctors and psychologists). However, multiple regression analyses revealed that the use frequency of those functions did not uniquely predict help-seeking intentions.

Conclusions
It was suggested that online support groups may serve as an alternative treatment option for those who are already undergoing pharmacological treatment and are willing to seek help from whatever source they deem helpful.