bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ottolenchus sinipersici n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from the Persian Gulf mangrove forests, Iran
Authors: Hosseinvand Manouchehr , Eskandari Ali , Abolafia Joaquín , Karegar Akbar , Ghaderi Reza , Majd Taheri Zahra , Hajializadeh Parima 
Published: October 2021

Summary
A new species of Tylenchidae from the rhizosphere of mangrove trees in Hormozgan and Khuzestan provinces, Iran, is described based on morphological and molecular data. Ottolenchus sinipersici n. sp., is characterised by a slightly fusiform body 560-665 μm long, lateral field in the form of a narrow band with two faint incisures that are not visible in fatter females, indistinct transverse annuli under the light microscope, cephalic region continuous with the body contour, smooth and flattened dorsoventrally, longitudinal and narrow sigmoid amphidial slits, stylet delicate, 10.1-11.2 μm long, with small rounded to slightly posteriorly sloping knobs, well-developed median bulb, offset and pyriform pharyngeal basal bulb, vulva located at 66.9-69.6% of body length, offset spermatheca, short post-vulval uterine sac, spicules 18.5-20.5 μm long with highly curved blades, and a 113-135 μm long filiform tail with a hook-like or coiled terminus. In Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees based on the partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and D2-D3 expansion segment of large subunit ribosomal DNA (D2-D3 LSU rDNA) genes, the new species clustered together with O. facultativus (KJ869310) in SSU, and forms a clade with three isolates of O. discrepans in LSU phylogeny. Ottolenchus fungivorus n. comb. (= Filenchus fungivorus) is proposed.
Cooking app engages kids as well as moms: Inviting secondary users into health outreach
Authors: Clarke Peter , Neffa-Creech Deborah , Evans Susan H 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Health apps for smartphones have largely overlooked one means of expanding effectiveness: namely, inviting access by secondary app users who can contribute positively to primary users’ lives. We report on outcomes from field testing a cooking app where dissemination included both mothers who were household cooks (primary users) and their children (secondary users). Setting and Method: The app, VeggieBook, aimed to increase the use of vegetables in meals and snacks by household cooks. Clients at 15 community pantries were randomly assigned to receive or not receive the app. The same vegetables were supplied to all participants. In each family in the experimental group, the mothers and a 9- to 14-year-old child were each given their own portal into the app. Interviews before, during and after the project and electronic capture of app use measured key variables. The app’s impact on children was gauged by whether or not they became involved in helping prepare family dinners. Results: Availability of VeggieBook increased children’s collaboration with their mothers, even though the app contained scant content urging this. Collaboration occurred most often in families where electronic media (television, phones, earbud devices) did not intrude on socialising during meals, and there were opportunities to acknowledge children’s kitchen contributions. Conclusion: Implications are identified for the creation of other health apps intended for disease prevention and management. Secondary users (spouses, home caregivers, children and friends) could also be targeted to use apps meant for primary users (people at-risk for illness or patients), thereby building collective action towards improving health.
Bladder instillation for urinary tract infection prevention in neurogenic bladder patients practicing clean intermittent catheterization: A systematic review
Authors: Ziadeh Talal , Chebel Roy , Labaki Chris , Saliba Gebrael , Helou Elie El 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of different modalities of bladder instillation in patients with neurogenic bladder practicing intermittent catheterization. Methods: A systematic review of the literature were conducted using two databases: Medline via PubMed and Scopus. Articles evaluating bladder instillation in patients with neurogenic bladder, who are practicing intermittent catheterization, were collected and assessed for the efficacy and safety of the studied agent by two different reviewers. Results: Among the 1896 studies, eight involving 346 patients with neurogenic bladder, were included in this systematic review according to the PRISMA protocols. Gentamicin, Hyaluronic acid, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus was found to decrease the incidence of urinary tract infections, the former reduced multidrug-resistant organisms. Kanamycin-colistin, showed a drop in the mean incidence of bacteriuria in males only. Trisdine, the only studied antiseptic, significantly reduced bacteriuria. Neomycin, however, showed no efficacy in term of bacteriuria. Regarding safety, when evaluated, no major adverse events were reported with any of the studied modalities. Conclusion: Bladder instillations of either antibiotics, antiseptics, hyaluronic acid, or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG are efficient and safe in patients having neurogenic bladder, with recurrent urinary tract infections and practicing clean intermittent catheterization, with gentamicin being the most recommended product among the different studied agents.
Istradefylline Versus Opicapone for “Off” Episodes in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Singh Alok , Gupta Dhyuti , Dhaneria Suryaprakash , Sheth Pranav G. 
Published: October 2021

Background: In recent times, the US-FDA approved istradefylline and opicapone as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa for managing the "off" episodes in Parkinson’s disease. Purpose: Current meta-analysis was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of these drugs in the management of “off” episodes and to recognize which among them would provide therapeutic benefits clinically. Methods: A thorough literature search was performed through the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov for a period from January 2003 to October 2020, with the following keywords: Istradefylline, KW-6002, opicapone, BIA 9-1067, and Parkinson’s disease. Those randomized, double-blind placebo/active comparator-controlled trials that analyzed the efficacy and safety of istradefylline and opicapone and that were published in the English language were included. In this analysis, the outcomes focused on the least square mean change in “off” time and Unified Parkinson’s Disability Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score from baseline to the end of the study, and the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and dyskinesia. Results: Both drugs have shown significant reduction in “off” time duration (mean difference [MD] = –0.70; 95% CI [–1.11, –0.30]; P < 0.001 for istradefylline and MD = –0.85; 95% CI [–1.09, –0.61]; P < .001 for opicapone). Istradefylline showed significant improvement in UPDRS III (MD = –1.56; 95% CI [–2.71, –0.40]; P < .008), but the same was not observed with opicapone (MD = –0.63; 95% CI [–1.42, –0.15]; P < .12). The incidence of TEAEs and dyskinesia reportedly were higher in the intervention group rather than with the placebo, (risk ratio RR =1.11, 95% CI [1.02,1.20] for istradefylline and RR =1.12, 95% CI [1.00,1.25] for opicapone, and for dyskinesia particularly, the incidence was higher with opicapone as compared to istradefylline (RR = 3.47, 95% CI [2.17, 5.57], and RR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.29, 2.44], respectively). Conclusions: Both drugs were comparable in efficacy; however, istradefylline seemed to be better in reducing the UPDRS III score. Although the incidence of TEAEs and dyskinesia were higher with both the drugs, the incidence of dyskinesia was more in the opicapone group.
Professional quality of life and resilience in emergency department healthcare professionals during COVID‐19 in Hong Kong: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wong Cho Lee , Young Bun , Lui Berachah Sze Chung , Leung Alice Wai Yi , So Jerome Lok Tsun 
Published: October 2021

Background:The professional quality of life of healthcare professionals in emergency departments may be compromised during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Objectives:This study aims to examine professional quality of life and resilience as well as their relationships among emergency department healthcare professionals in Hong Kong during the COVID‐19 outbreak.Methods:This study employed a cross‐sectional design. Healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) working in emergency departments in Hong Kong were recruited via snowball sampling. The Professional Quality of Life Scale, version 5, and the 10‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale were used to assess their positive (compassion satisfaction) and negative (secondary traumatic stress and burnout) aspects of professional quality of life and self‐reported resilience. Socio‐demographics and work‐related characteristics were also analysed.Results:A total of 106 participants provided valid responses. The results showed an overall moderate level of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burnout among emergency department healthcare professionals. The mean score of the 10‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale was 23.8. Backward linear regression analyses revealed self‐reported resilience was the only significant predictor of compassion satisfaction (regression coefficient B = 0.875; p < 0.001), secondary traumatic stress (B = −0.294, p < 0.001) and burnout (B = −0.670; p < 0.001), explaining 70.6%, 18.5% and 59.8% of total variance, respectively.Conclusion:Emergency department healthcare professionals in Hong Kong experienced an overall moderate level of professional quality of life during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Those with a higher level of self‐reported resilience had better compassion satisfaction and lower levels of secondary traumatic stress and burnout. The results support the importance of developing interventions that foster resilience among this group of emergency department healthcare professionals to combat COVID‐19.
Glycemic Variability Within 1 Year Following Surgery for Stage II–III Colon Cancer
Authors: Mandolfo Natalie Rasmussen , Berger Ann M. , Struwe Leeza , Hanna Kathleen M. , Goldner Whitney , Klute Kelsey , Langenfeld Sean , Hammer Marilyn 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To examine glycemic variability within 1 month and 1 year following surgery among adult patients, with and without Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), treated for stage II-III colon cancer. Method: A retrospective analysis of electronic health record data was conducted. Glycemic variability (i.e., standard deviation [SD] and coefficient of variation [CV] of > 2 blood glucose measures) was assessed within 1 month and within 1 year following colon surgery. Chi-square (χ2), Fisher’s exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the analyses. Results: Among the sample of 165 patients with stage II–III colon cancer, those with T2D had higher glycemic variability compared to patients without T2D ( p < .001), with values within 1 month following surgery (SD = 44.69 mg/dL, CV = 27.4%) vs (SD = 20.55 mg/dL, CV = 17.53%); and within 1 year following surgery (SD = 45.04 mg/dL, CV = 29.04%) vs (SD = 21.36 mg/dL, CV = 18.6%). Associations were found between lower body mass index and higher glycemic variability (i.e., SD [r = −.413, p < .05] and CV [r = −.481, p < .01]) within 1 month following surgery in patients with T2D. Higher preoperative glucose was associated with higher glycemic variability (i.e., SD r = .448, p < .01) within 1 year in patients with T2D. Demographic and clinical characteristics were weakly associated with glycemic variability in patients without T2D. Conclusions: Patients with stage II–III colon cancer with T2D experienced higher glycemic variability within 1 month and within 1 year following surgery compared to those without T2D. Associations between glycemic variability and demographic and clinical characteristics differed by T2D status. Further research in prospective studies is warranted.
Validation of a vascular access specific quality of life measure (VASQoL)
Authors: Richarz Sabine , Greenwood Sharon , Kingsmore David B , Thomson Peter C , Dunlop Mark , Bouamrane Matt-Mouley , Meiklem Ramsey , Stevenson Karen 
Published: October 2021

Background: A self-administered 11 item vascular access specific quality of life measure (VASQoL) was previously derived from detailed qualitative interviews with adult patients with kidney failure who have experienced vascular access using the Capabilities Approach as a theoretical base. This study reports the psychometric validation of the VASQoL measure including its reliability, content validity and responsiveness to change. Methods: Cognitive interviews were conducted with 23 adult patients with kidney failure after completion of the VASQoL measure. Focus group discussion with a vascular access professional multidisciplinary team was undertaken ( n = 8) and subsequently a further 101 adult kidney failure patients with vascular access (TCVC, AVF or AVG) completed the digital VASQoL measure, EQ-5D and SF-36 questionnaires in a longitudinal study with prospectively recorded vascular access events. Results: Transcript analysis of cognitive interviews after VASQoL completion indicated that the content was comprehensive and well understood by participants. Assessment of Internal reliability for the VASQoL measure was high (Cronbach’s alpha 0.858). Test-retest reliability of the overall VASQoL measure was high (intra class correlation coefficient 0.916). In those patients who experienced a vascular access event, significant differences were observed in paired analysis of the VASQoL physical domain questions and vascular access function domain questions and in the EQ-5D usual activities, pain and anxiety domains. In those with no vascular access event, variation was observed in longitudinal analysis in VASQoL questions relating to worry about VA function and capability domains, whilst no variation was observed in the EQ5D measure. Conclusion: The VASQoL measure has good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity and responsiveness to change for clinically relevant vascular access outcomes. This provides a validated, vascular access specific quality of life measure that can be used in future trials of vascular access, evaluation of new technologies and routine use as a patient reported outcome measure (PROM).
Multiple sclerosis diagnosis: Knowledge gaps and opportunities for educational intervention in neurologists in the United States
Authors: Solomon Andrew J , Kaisey Marwa , Krieger Stephen C , Chahin Salim , Naismith Robert T , Weinstein Sarah M , Shinohara Russell T , Weinshenker Brian G 
Published: October 2021

Background: Few studies have addressed the results of educational efforts concerning proper use of McDonald criteria (MC) revisions outside multiple sclerosis (MS) subspecialty centers. Neurology residents and MS subspecialist neurologists demonstrated knowledge gaps for core elements of the MC in a recent prior study. Objective: To assess comprehension and application of MC core elements by non-MS specialist neurologists in the United States who routinely diagnose MS. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study design, a previously developed survey instrument was distributed online. Results: A total of 222 neurologists completed the study survey. Syndromes atypical for MS were frequently incorrectly considered “typical” MS presentations. Fourteen percent correctly identified definitions of both “periventricular” and “juxtacortical” lesions and 2% correctly applied these terms to 9/9 images. Twenty-four percent correctly identified all four central nervous system (CNS) regions for satisfaction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dissemination in space. In two presented cases, 61% and 71% correctly identified dissemination in time (DIT) was not fulfilled, and 85% and 86% subsequently accepted nonspecific historical symptoms without objective evidence for DIT fulfillment. Conclusion: The high rate of knowledge deficiencies and application errors of core elements of the MC demonstrated by participants in this study raise pressing questions concerning adequacy of dissemination and educational efforts upon publication of revisions to MC.
Trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension days among people with multiple sclerosis by type of occupation
Authors: Bosma Astrid R. , Murley Chantelle , Aspling Jenny , Hillert Jan , G. Schaafsma Frederieke , R. Anema Johannes , Boot Cécile R.L. , Alexanderson Kristina , Machado Alejandra , Friberg Emilie 
Published: October 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can impact working life, sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). Different types of occupations involve different demands, which may be associated with trajectories of SA/DP among people with MS (PwMS). Objectives: To explore, among PwMS and references, if SA/DP differ according to type of occupation. Furthermore, to examine how trajectories of SA/DP days are associated with type of occupation among PwMS. Methods: A longitudinal nationwide Swedish register-based cohort study was conducted, including 6100 individuals with prevalent MS and 38,641 matched references from the population. Trajectories of SA/DP were identified with group-based trajectory modelling. Multinomial logistic regressions were estimated for associations between identified trajectories and occupations. Results: Increase of SA/DP over time was observed in all occupational groups, in both PwMS and references, with higher levels of SA/DP among PwMS. The lowest levels of SA/DP were observed among managers. Three trajectory groups of SA/DP were identified: Persistently Low (55.2%), Moderate Increasing (31.9%) and High Increasing (12.8%). Managers and those working in Science & Technology, and Economics, Social & Cultural were more likely to belong to the Persistently Low group. Conclusion: Results suggest that type of occupation plays a role in the level and course of SA/DP.
Interpreting change on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis using the reliable change methodology
Authors: Weinstock Zachary , Morrow Sarah , Conway Devon , Fuchs Tom , Wojcik Curtis , Unverdi Mahmut , Zivadinov Robert , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Iverson Grant L , Dwyer Michael , Benedict Ralph HB 
Published: October 2021

Background: The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is increasingly utilized in clinical trials. A SDMT score change of 4 points is considered clinically important, based on association with employment anchors. Optimal thresholds for statistically reliable SDMT changes, accounting for test reliability and measurement error, are yet to be applied to individual cases. Objective: The aim of this study was to derive a statistically reliable marker of individual change on the SDMT. Methods: This prospective, case–control study enrolled 166 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). SDMT scores at baseline, relapse, and 3-month follow-up were compared between relapsing and stable patient groups. Using data from the stable group and three previously published studies, candidate thresholds for reliable decline were calculated and validated against other tests and a clinically meaningful anchor—cognitive relapse. Results: Candidate thresholds for reliable decline at the 80% confidence level varied between 6 and 11 points. An SDMT change of 8 or more raw score points was deemed to offer the best balance of discriminatory power and external validity for estimating cognitive decline. Conclusion: This study illustrates the feasibility and usefulness of reliable change methodology for identifying statistically meaningful cognitive decline that could be implemented to identify change in individual patients, for both clinical management and clinical trial outcomes.
A qualitative meta-synthesis of common and unique preferences for supportive services among persons with young onset dementia and their caregivers
Authors: Bannon Sarah M , Reichman Mira R , Wang Katherine , Uppal Simrit , Grunberg Victoria A , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives Young onset dementias (young onset dementia) produce a myriad of stressors for persons with young onset dementia and their caregivers, yet there is a critical shortage of supportive services that address their needs. To develop such services, it is necessary to first comprehensively understand persons’ with young onset dementia and their caregivers’ service preferences. Therefore, we conducted a meta-synthesis to integrate and summarize qualitative data on persons’ with young onset dementia and caregivers’ preferences for supportive services for young onset dementia, defined as support provided by medical providers, psychosocial interventions, and any other resources/services provided to promote positive adjustment in persons with young onset dementia and their caregivers. Research Design and Methods We searched five electronic databases for qualitative articles from inception to January 2020. We extracted and synthesized data from eligible articles using thematic analysis. After removal of duplicates, we screened 219 articles identified through database and hand searches. Findings Forty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. We extracted findings from these 43 studies on preferences within three a priori defined domains: 1) general characteristics of supportive services, 2) format and modality of supportive services, and 3) content for supportive services. Persons with young onset dementia and caregivers predominantly expressed common preferences, with some unique preferences based on their specific roles within the partnership. Discussion and Implications Persons with young onset dementia and their caregivers endorsed largely overlapping preferences, including having direct contact with providers and the ability to participate together in programs that have content and skills relevant to their specific needs and challenges. Findings can directly inform the format, content, and procedures of supportive services for persons with young onset dementia and their caregivers.