bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosing of losartan in men versus women with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the HEAAL trial
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Konstam Marvin A. , McMurray John J.V. , Butler Javed , Girerd Nicolas , Rossignol Patrick , Sharma Abhinav , Voors Adriaan A. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Packer Milton , Zannad Faiez 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsIn heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), guidelines recommend up‐titration of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptors blockers (ARBs) to the maximum tolerated dose. However, some studies suggest that women might need lower doses of ACEi/ARBs than men to achieve similar treatment benefit.Methods and resultsThe HEAAL trial compared low vs. high dose of losartan. We reassessed the efficacy and safety of high‐ vs. low‐dose in men vs. women using Cox models and machine learning algorithms. The mean age was 66 years and 30% of patients were women. Men appeared to have benefited more from high‐dose than from low‐dose losartan, whereas women appeared to have responded similarly to low and high doses [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) comparing high‐ vs. low‐dose losartan for the composite outcome of all‐cause death or all‐cause hospitalization: 0.89 (0.81–0.98) in men and 1.10 (0.95–1.28) in women; interaction P = 0.018]. Female sex clustered along with older age, ischaemic heart failure, New York Heart Association class III/IV, and estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min. Patients with these features had a poorer response to high‐dose losartan. Subgroup analyses supported no benefit from high‐dose losartan in patients with poorer kidney function and severe heart failure symptoms.ConclusionsCompared with men, women might need lower doses of losartan to achieve similar treatment benefit. However, beyond sex, other factors (e.g. kidney function, age, and symptoms) may influence the response to high‐dose losartan, suggesting that sex‐based subgroup findings may be biased by other confounders.
Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Isoniazid: Application in Drugs Used in the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Nascimento Botelho Chirlene , Pavão e Pavão Daniele , Santos Damos Flávio , de Cássia Silva Luz Rita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present work describes the development of a photoelectrochemical sensor based on titanium dioxide, cadmium telluride quantum dots and the tris (2,2′‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) chloride complex for detection of Isoniazid (INH). The Ru(bpy)32+/CdTe‐QDs/TiO2/FTO photoelectrochemical platform was characterized by scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and amperometry. The photoelectrochemical sensor presented two linear ranges for INH concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 150 μmol L−1 and 150 to 1270 μmol L−1, with a theoretical detection limit of 0.02 μmol L−1. The sensor was successfully applied for the determination of INH in drugs samples used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Relationships between intraoral ultrasonographic and histopathological findings in patients with tongue cancer
Authors: Konishi Masaru , Sakamoto Shinnichi , Ogawa Ikuko , Yoshioka Yukio , Ono Shigehiro , Kakimoto Naoya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between histopathological and intraoral ultrasonographic (IUS) findings in patients with tongue cancer.MethodsIUS and histopathological findings in 46 patients with tongue cancer were considered for this study. We assessed the relationships between IUS findings regarding tumor thickness, margin type, border type, and internal echo intensity; internal/peripheral Doppler findings; and muscle invasion and histopathological findings regarding tumor thickness, differentiation, Yamamoto–Kohama (YK)‐classification grade, blood vessel invasion, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, and muscle invasion.ResultsStatistical associations were found between the following findings: between thickness determined through IUS measurement and that determined through histopathological measurement, between the IUS findings regarding tumor margin and border types and the histopathologically determined YK‐classifications grades, and between a Doppler image of the internal area of tongue lesions and lymphatic invasion.ConclusionsIUS findings may be used to predict histopathological findings about tumor thickness and YK‐classification grades.
The jaw‐dropping costs of oral cavity cancer malpractice
Authors: Wong Amanda , Zhu Daniel , Tong Jane Y. , Ko Andrew , Tham Tristan , Kraus Dennis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedical litigation is different than it was 20 years ago due to changes in health care. This study provides an updated analysis of oral cavity malpractice litigation from the past two decades (2000–2010 and 2011–2019).MethodsVerdict reviews from the Westlaw database were analyzed from January 2000 to August 2019. Data were collected and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.ResultsSixty‐five lawsuits were evaluated across 24 states. Failure to diagnose was the most common allegation in both decades. Adjusting for inflation, the average amount awarded from 2000 to 2010 was $1 721 068 and $3 925 504 from 2011 to 2019.ConclusionsThere has been a significant rise in allegations of failure to biopsy and failure to refer (p < 0.05). In addition, while award amounts appear different between decades, the difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.248). Education should focus on early diagnosis, biopsy, and referral to physicians who routinely care for this patient population.
Measurement of factor strength: Theory and practice
Authors: Bailey Natalia , Kapetanios George , Pesaran M. Hashem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an estimator of factor strength and establishes its consistency and asymptotic distribution. The estimator is based on the number of statistically significant factor loadings, taking multiple testing into account. Both cases of observed and unobserved factors are considered. The small sample properties of the proposed estimator are investigated using Monte Carlo experiments. It is shown that the proposed estimation and inference procedures perform well and have excellent power properties, especially when the factor strength is sufficiently high. Empirical applications to factor models for asset returns show that out of 146 factors recently considered in the finance literature, only the market factor is truly strong, while all other factors are at best semi‐strong, with their strength varying considerably over time. Similarly, we only find evidence of semi‐strong factors using a large number of US macroeconomic indicators.
Characterization of toxicological effects of complex nano‐sized metal particles using in vitro human cell and whole blood model systems
Authors: Elfsmark Linda , Ekstrand‐Hammarström Barbro , Forsgren Nina , Lejon Christian , Hägglund Lars , Wingfors Håkan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal oxide fumes form at high temperatures, for instance, during welding or firing ammunition. Inhalation exposure to high levels of airborne metal oxide particles can cause metal fume fever, cardiovascular effects, and lung damage in humans, but the associated underlying pathological mechanisms are still not fully understood. Using human alveolar epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and whole blood model systems, we aimed to elucidate the short‐term effects of well‐characterized metal particles emitted while firing pistol ammunition. Human lung epithelial cells exposed to gunshot smoke particles (0.1–50 μg/ml) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 8 (IL‐8), granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)) that activate and recruit immune cells. Particles comprising high copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content activated human endothelial cells via a non‐ROS‐mediated mechanism that triggered immune activation (IL‐8, GM‐CSF), leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM‐1)), and secretion of regulators of the acute‐phase protein synthesis (interleukin 6 (IL‐6)). In human whole blood, metal oxides in gunshot smoke demonstrated intrinsic properties that activated platelets (release of soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (sCD40L), platelet‐derived growth factor B‐chain homodimer(PDGF‐BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)) and blood coagulation and induced concomitant release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines from blood leukocytes that further orchestrate thrombogenesis. The model systems applied provide useful tools for health risk assessment of particle exposures, but more studies are needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of metal fume fever and to evaluate the potential risk of long‐term cardiovascular diseases.
Toxic effects of nanomaterials for health applications: How automation can support a systematic review of the literature?
Authors: Halamoda‐Kenzaoui Blanka , Rolland Etienne , Piovesan Jacopo , Puertas Gallardo Antonio , Bremer‐Hoffmann Susanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSystematic reviews of the scientific literature can be an important source of information supporting the daily work of the regulators in their decision making, particularly in areas of innovative technologies where the regulatory experience is still limited. Significant research activities in the field of nanotechnology resulted in a huge number of publications in the last decades. However, even if the published data can provide relevant information, scientific articles are often of diverse quality, and it is nearly impossible to manually process and evaluate such amount of data in a systematic manner. In this feasibility study, we investigated to what extent open‐access automation tools can support a systematic review of toxic effects of nanomaterials for health applications reported in the scientific literature. In this study, we used a battery of available tools to perform the initial steps of a systematic review such as targeted searches, data curation and abstract screening. This work was complemented with an in‐house developed tool that allowed us to extract specific sections of the articles such as the materials and methods part or the results section where we could perform subsequent text analysis. We ranked the articles according to quality criteria based on the reported nanomaterial characterisation and extracted most frequently described toxic effects induced by different types of nanomaterials. Even if further demonstration of the reliability and applicability of automation tools is necessary, this study demonstrated the potential to leverage information from the scientific literature by using automation systems in a tiered strategy.
Neighborhood structural characteristics, perceived neighborhood environment, and problem behaviors among at‐risk adolescents
Authors: Yoon Miyoung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeighborhood environment has been linked to behavioral outcomes in adolescence. The current study examined two potential mediators (i.e., perceived social capital, perceived neighborhood disorder) in the association between neighborhood structural characteristics (i.e., neighborhood disorganization) and problem behaviors (i.e., externalizing behavior, substance use) among at‐risk adolescents with prenatal substance exposure. The study sample included 350 15‐year‐old adolescents recruited at birth. Adolescents' addresses were linked to census tract data. Neighborhood structural characteristics were not directly associated with adolescent problem behaviors in the presence of perceived social capital and neighborhood disorder. Greater neighborhood disorganization was associated with lower levels of perceived social capital, which was related to greater perceived neighborhood disorder, and then problem behaviors. The findings suggest that community practice needs to focus on subjective perceptions of neighborhoods when developing intervention programs on problem behaviors among at‐risk adolescents.
Investigation of microstructure and dissimilar materials connection patterns of mantis shrimp saddle
Authors: Zhao Qian , Chang Yanjiao , Lin Zhaohua , Zhang Zhihui , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe microstructure and dissimilar materials connection patterns of mantis shrimp saddle were investigated. The outer layer with layered helical structure and inner layer with slablike laminae structure constructed the microstructure characteristics of saddle. The merus and membrane were characterized by layered structure. The lamina of saddle connected the corresponding lamina in merus and membrane, building the continuous and smooth coupling connection patterns. The entitative “hard‐hard” and “hard‐soft” transitions of dissimilar materials at micro level enhanced the steady transmit of driven force. The saddle exhibited high mechanical strength. With the increase of in‐situ tensile displacement, the number of fractured fragments on saddle outer layer surface increased, which subjected to tensile load and defused the damage in the form of mineralized surface fragmentation. In the inner part of saddle, the fracture of mineralized laminae and crack deflection mechanisms bore the tensile load influence. The combination of microstructure with high mechanical strength and continues micro lamina connection endowed the concise dissimilar materials connection and efficient elastic energy storage property of saddle, which can be treated as the bionic models for design and preparation of fiber reinforced resin composite, hyperelastic material and so on.
Unveiling spatial variability in herbicide soil sorption using Bayesian digital mapping
Authors: Giannini‐Kurina Franca , Hang Susana , Rampoldi Ariel E. , Paccioretti Pablo , Balzarini Mónica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRegional mapping herbicide sorption to soil is essential for risk assessment. However, conducting analytical quantification of adsorption coefficient (Kd) in large‐scale studies is too costly; therefore, a research question arises on goodness of Kd spatial prediction from sampling. The application of a spatial Bayesian regression (BR) is a newer technique in agricultural and natural resources sciences that allows converting spatially discrete samples into maps covering continuous spatial domains. The objective of this work was to unveil herbicide sorption to soil at a landscape scale by developing a predictive BR model. We integrated a large set of ancillary soil and climate covariables from sites with Kd measurements into a spatial mixed model including site random effects. The models were fitted using glyphosate and atrazine Kds, determined in 80 and 120 sites, respectively, from central Argentina. For model assessment, measurements of global and point‐wise prediction errors were obtained by cross‐validation; residual variability was estimated by bootstrap to compare BR with regression kriging. Results showed that the BR spatial predictions outperformed regression kriging. The glyphosate Kd model (root mean square prediction error, 13% of the mean) included aluminum oxides, pH, and clay content, whereas the atrazine Kd model strongly depended on soil organic carbon and clay and on climatic variables related to water availability (root mean square prediction error, 27%). Spatial modeling of a complex edaphic process as herbicide sorption to soils enhanced environmental interpretations. An efficient approach for spatial mapping provides a modern perspective on the study of herbicide sorption to soil.
Clinical characteristics of sarcopenia in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Saeki Chisato , Kanai Tomoya , Nakano Masanori , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Torisu Yuichi , Saruta Masayuki , Tsubota Akihito 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimSarcopenia frequently develops in patient with liver cirrhosis (LC). Ethanol reduces muscle protein synthesis and accelerates proteolysis. However, the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and sarcopenia remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with alcoholic LC (ALC) in real‐world clinical settings.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 181 patients with LC. Heavy alcohol consumption was defined as >60 g/day. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Japan Society of Hepatology criteria.ResultsAmong the 181 patients, 64 (35.4%) were diagnosed with ALC. Patients with ALC were younger (median, 61.5 vs 72.0 years; P < 0.001) and had a lower prevalence of sarcopenia (18.8 vs 32.5%; P = 0.048) than those with non‐ALC. Conversely, the former had a higher prevalence of Child–Pugh class B/C (P = 0.015), higher total bilirubin (P = 0.017), and lower prothrombin time (P < 0.001) than the latter. The prevalence of sarcopenia increased alongside advancing age in patients with ALC (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified older age (but not disease stage/liver function reserve and alcohol consumption) as an independent factor associated with sarcopenia (P = 0.002) in patients with ALC.ConclusionPatients with ALC were younger and had a lower prevalence of sarcopenia, despite advanced disease stage/impaired liver function reserve, compared to those with non‐ALC in real‐world clinical settings. However, older age was strongly associated with sarcopenia, even in patients with ALC. There was no significant influence of heavy alcohol consumption on the development of sarcopenia.
The synaptic blocker botulinum toxin A decreases the density and complexity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the adult mouse hippocampus
Authors: Chacon‐De‐La‐Rocha Irene , Fryatt Gemma L. , Rivera Andrea D. , Restani Laura , Caleo Matteo , Gomez‐Nicola Diego , Butt Arthur M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are responsible for generating oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS. Life‐long myelination is promoted by neuronal activity and is essential for neural network plasticity and learning. OPCs are known to contact synapses and it is proposed that neuronal synaptic activity in turn regulates their behavior. To examine this in the adult, we performed unilateral injection of the synaptic blocker botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) into the hippocampus of adult mice. We confirm BoNT/A cleaves SNAP‐25 in the CA1 are of the hippocampus, which has been proven to block neurotransmission. Notably, BoNT/A significantly decreased OPC density and caused their shrinkage, as determined by immunolabeling for the OPC marker NG2. Furthermore, BoNT/A resulted in an overall decrease in the number of OPC processes, as well as a decrease in their lengths and branching frequency. These data indicate that synaptic activity is important for maintaining adult OPC numbers and cellular integrity, which is relevant to pathophysiological scenarios characterized by dysregulation of synaptic activity, such as age‐related cognitive decline, Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
A common genetic variant in fatty acid amide hydrolase is linked to alterations in fear extinction neural circuitry in a racially diverse, nonclinical sample of adults
Authors: Zabik Nicole L. , Iadipaolo Allesandra S. , Marusak Hilary A. , Peters Craig , Burghardt Kyle , Rabinak Christine A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPoor fear extinction learning and recall are linked to the development of fear‐based disorders, like posttraumatic stress disorder, and are associated with aberrant activation of fear‐related neural circuitry. This includes greater amygdala activation during extinction learning and lesser hippocampal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation during recall. Emerging data indicate that genetic variation in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH C385A; rs324420) is associated with increased peripheral endocannabinoid (eCB) levels and lesser threat‐related amygdala reactivity. Preclinical studies link increased eCB signaling to better extinction learning and recall, thus FAAH C385A may protect against the development of trauma‐related psychopathology by facilitating extinction learning. However, how this FAAH variant affects fear extinction neural circuitry remains unknown. In the present study, we used a novel, immersive‐reality fear extinction paradigm paired with functional neuroimaging to assess FAAH C385A effects on fear‐related neural circuitry and conditioned fear responding (US expectancy ratings, subjective units of distress, and skin conductance responding) in healthy adults from an urban area (Detroit, MI; N = 59; C/C = 35, A‐carrier = 24). We found lesser amygdala activation in A‐allele carriers, compared to C/C homozygotes, during early extinction recall. Likewise, we found lesser dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and greater hippocampus activation in early extinction learning in A‐carriers compared to C/C homozygotes. We found no effects of FAAH C385A on vmPFC activation or behavioral fear indices. These data support and extend previous findings that FAAH genetic variation, associated with increased eCB signaling and subsequent enhanced fear extinction, may predict individual differences in successful fear learning.
Effects of infrared light laser therapy on in vivo and in vitro periodontitis models
Authors: da Cruz Galhardo Camargo Gabriela Alessandra , de Oliveira Barbosa Lucas Mota , Stumbo Milla Bonecini , Thurler Júnior Julio Cesar , da Costa Gabriella Ribeiro Machado , Domingos‐Vieira Andréa de Castro , Pascoal Vinicius D'Avila Bitencourt , Robbs Bruno Kaufmann , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , de Araujo Olga Maria Oliveira , Capelo Luciane Portas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the effects of infrared light laser therapy (ILLT) on ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), histology, fibroblast migration, and viability analysis.MethodsForty‐eight rats were randomly distributed into three groups: control (no periodontitis), PDC (periodontitis without laser therapy), and PD+L (periodontitis with laser therapy). Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 4 weeks. The 12‐week‐old rats (baseline) were subjected to laser treatment and euthanized 30 days after. After treatment, the mandibular first molars were prepared for micro‐CT scanning, and histological sections were assessed as to the cementoenamel junction, alveolar bone crest, and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell infiltration. In vitro assays were carried out to examine NIH/3T3 fibroblast viability after laser therapy.ResultsMigration and cell viability assays revealed that the ILLT maintained fibroblast cell viability with 4 J/cm2, reaching 100% healing. The control group (at baseline and 30 days) presented a statistically significant difference from the PDC group at 30 days in terms of distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest (CEJ‐ABC). The PD+L group showed a statistically substantial difference from the PDC group at 30 days in terms of trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), degree of anisotropy (DA), and closed porosity percentage (Po%).ConclusionILLT seemed to preserve the bone structure in the in vivo periodontitis induction model at 30 days and did not reduce cell viability or increase fibroblast migration in vitro. The ILLT provides positive effects on mandibular bone microstructure.