A COVID–19 járvány hatása a leghátrányosabb helyzetű településeken élők mindennapjaira: ahogy a hátrányos helyzetűek és a szociális szolgáltatásokat nyújtók látják
Authors: Dávid Beáta , Szabó Tünde , Huszti Éva , Bukovics István 
Published: December 2021

Összefoglaló. Jelen tanulmányunk a biztonság társadalmi aspektusait
egy speciális csoport, a mélyszegénységben élő családok és az őket segítő
szakemberek körében vizsgálja a COVID–19 idején. Kvalitatív módszerrel
(csoportos és egyéni interjúk) a makro- (szociális támogatórendszer) és a
mikrotársadalmi biztonság dimenziók összefüggését, valamint a mikroszintű
biztonság dimenziók közti viszonyokat elemezzük. Ez utóbbi dimenziók leírásánál
a kisgyermekes családok munkaerőpiaci és ezzel együtt anyagi helyzetére,
mentális egészségi állapotukra, valamint az oktatási helyzet bemutatására
koncentrálunk. Az egyes témák leírásánál az érintett családok és az őket segítő
szakemberek helyzetértékelése is megjelenik a velük készített interjúk elemzése
alapján.
Summary. This study examines the social aspects of security among a
specific group of families living in extreme poverty and the professionals
helping them during Covid-19. Using a qualitative method (group and individual
interviews), we analyse the relationship between macro (social support system)
and micro social dimensions of security, as well as the linkages between
micro-level dimensions of security. In describing the latter dimensions, we will
focus on the labour market situation of families with young children, and hence
on their financial situation, their mental health situation and their
educational situation. The description of each theme also includes an assessment
of the situation of the families concerned and the professionals who help them,
based on an analysis of the interviews conducted with them. In the first phase
of the study, social problems were identified on the basis of interviews with
experts. In the second phase, individual interviews were conducted with the
people concerned, the disadvantaged. 11 interviews were conducted with experts:
5 individual and 6 group interviews. In the second phase, 50 disadvantaged
people were interviewed individually.
In general, it can be concluded that the daily life of people living in
disadvantaged areas has been further affected by the pandemic. The labour market
situation has changed and, in this context, the financial situation of the
interviewees has further deteriorated. Single-parent families were particularly
affected by these problems. The transition to online education has created
difficulties for families, children, and teachers and additional tasks for
social workers. In many places, the lack of accessible services, the low
availability of equipment and low level of digital literacy have prevented
distance learning from taking place, and the negative consequences for the
population under study can only be predicted. The epidemic has affected the
population not only financially but also mentally. The reduction in social life
has led to an increase in domestic violence. In some areas, the number of births
in disadvantaged families has increased, especially among minors. In fact, the
epidemic has brought to the surface the problems that disadvantaged people face
on a daily basis: unemployment and deprivation, compounded by educational
underachievement. The workload of those working in the social field has also
become more visible: a shortage of staff and a lack of resources. At the same
time, the enormous potential and flexibility of the current human resources have
been revealed.