bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Recent and Future Mechanical Evolution of the SongPan Ganzi—Qaidam NE Tibet Moho‐Offset
Authors: Orellana‐Rovirosa Felipe , Shi Yaolin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPresent‐day seismic imaging, reveals crustal thickness varying from about 70 km under SongPan‐Ganzi (SG) to about 50 km under Qaidam basin (QB) terranes in NE Tibet. This vertical Moho offset occurs over horizontal spans of less than 20 km, and is somehow confirmed by gravimetric and electromagnetic observations. Paleotectonic and litho‐stratigraphic reconstructions suggest that the region amalgamates at least three microcontinents, but current geophysical observations reveal basically two distinct microplates (SG and QB). We conduct 2D Stokes' flow numerical simulations to understand the mechanical evolution of the SG‐QB contact, focusing our attention on Moho‐offset kinematics. We find that in the absence of tectonic horizontal motions, generic systems with a Moho offset of the sort, are unstable in timescales of about ∼3 Ma, solely due to the effect of vertical driving‐forces (gravity‐driven relaxation given topographic‐ or Moho‐gradients). Then, an observation‐controlled parameter setting (seismically derived densities, locally accepted viscosities and layer thicknesses, and considering a potentially likely QB litho‐mantle weakening by SG‐derived melts) suggests that added tectonic horizontal convergence (GPS constraints on Tibetan deformations) to the previous scenario, tends to dominate the internal velocity field and deformation. Topography‐driven SG‐lower‐crustal flow may inject a small amount of mass into QB. The Moho‐offset changes significantly in timescales of about ∼5–10 Ma; an initially vertical Moho‐offset, aside from a reference‐frame‐dependent translation, differentially deforms (stretches) and rotates (becoming oblique), smoothing‐out the terranes' crustal‐thickness transition. Through time, accumulated Moho‐offset rotation and smoothing are somewhat smaller when there is tectonic horizontal shortening. The left‐lateral Kunlun‐suture motion might rejuvenate the Moho‐offset through time.
Determination of Emission Factors of Pollutants From Biomass Burning of African Fuels in Laboratory Measurements
Authors: Pokhrel Rudra P. , Gordon Janica , Fiddler Marc N. , Bililign Solomon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiomass burning (BB) is a major source of pollutants that impact local, regional, and global climate, air quality, and public health. However, the influence of burning conditions and fuel type on the emission factors of pollutants is still not well understood. Here, we present the results from a laboratory study of emission factors (EFs) of pollutants from six different sub‐Saharan African biomass fuels combusted under a wide range of burning conditions, ranging from smoldering to flaming. We found that particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) EFs (g (kg wood)−1) are highly sensitive to the burning conditions, with an order of magnitude variation between flaming and smoldering burning conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) EF shows a fuel type dependence, with higher NO EFs for fuels with larger nitrogen content. While CO is not generally a proxy for PM2.5 emissions, in this work a correlation was found between CO and PM emissions generated by combustion of seven wood fuels with moisture content (dry basis) <10% in a tube furnace and measured from a laboratory smog chamber with a temperature of ∼21–24°C and an RH below 5%. Unlike total PM, EFs of inorganic particle‐phase species do not show dependence on burning conditions. Finally, we showed that burning biomass fuels in a tube furnace would be a useful experimental approach to study BB emission under controlled burning conditions.
Major Element Signatures of Silicate Dust Deposited on the West African Margin: Links With Transport Patterns and Provenance Regions
Authors: Le Quilleuc Meryll , Bory Aloys Jean‐Mathias , Philippe Sylvie , Derimian Yevgeny , Skonieczny Charlotte , Petit Jean‐Eudes , Ponlevé Déborah , Diallo Aboubacry , Ndiaye Thierno , Alaimo Véronique , Louis Quentin , Tribovillard Nicolas , Bout‐Roumazeilles Viviane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMineral dust deposition characteristics are poorly constrained, even in the Northeastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean, which is immediately downwind of the Saharan desert and the largest marine repository of aeolian dust in the world. Here, we report on a 2‐year (March 2013–February 2015) time series of deposited dust on the Senegalese margin. This record enables us to document the chemical variability (major elements) of the settling Saharan dust (<30 µm silicate fraction, i.e., carbonate‐free) at a resolution varying from one week to one day, along with the deposition flux. This continuous time series reveals a greater geochemical diversity than previously reported, particularly during the dry winter‐spring season when continental trade winds sweep across vast regions of West Africa at low atmospheric levels before reaching the sampling site. By contrast, during major deposition events, which make up for most of the yearly flux, our record shows that Saharan dust chemical composition displays much narrower ranges. Trajectory analyses indicate that these relatively well‐defined chemical signatures are due to the limited number of provenance sectors involved during major deposition occurrences. The chemical characterization of the dust deposited during these events, hence, allows identifying the major element fingerprint of the related source regions, the most important one being a sizable area at the border of Algeria and Mali including the Tanezrouft desert north of the Taoudeni basin. Also, since these major events are associated with major Saharan outbreaks, they provide estimations of the prevailing elemental signatures for Saharan dust impacting the Northeastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean.
A Note on the Role of Seasonal Expansions and Contractions of the Flowing Fluvial Network on Metapopulation Persistence
Authors: Giezendanner J. , Benettin P. , Durighetto N. , Botter G. , Rinaldo A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDoes a dynamic drainage density have a role on species persistence in the river basin? The general viability of a focus species under time‐varying hydrologic connectivity and habitat quality is a topic gaining traction in view of recent advances in our understanding of flowing fluvial network dynamics and of ecological interactions occurring on directed trees. Here, we combine metapopulation dynamics and scaling theory to investigate how the structure of river networks and time‐changing hydrological and geomorphological attributes control local metapopulation survival. This is done by introducing seasonal fluctuations of the drainage density subsuming overall time‐changing connectivity and distributed changes in habitat quality of the fluvial domain. Suitable replicas of channel networks within an assigned domain are used to compute the statistics of evolving metapopulation capacities, properties of a landscape matrix measuring the viability of the focus species. To obtain consistent replicas of the substrate for ecological interactions, we employ constructs whose suitability for the task has long been established. We find that the river network structure blends the fluctuations into a nontrivial scaling of the metapopulation capacity with the sum of total active contributing sites at any point of the flowing network. The latter is proportional to the mean distance to the outlet of the flowing dendrite and to the tree diameter—a measure of the overall connectivity of the active stream links. Scaling emerges as a robust ensemble property that enables the linkage of ecological patterns across a river network to clearly identified hydrological and geomorphological factors.
Sitagliptin activates the p62–Keap1–Nrf2 signalling pathway to alleviate oxidative stress and excessive autophagy in severe acute pancreatitis-related acute lung injury
Authors: Kong Lingming , Deng Jie , Zhou Xiang , Cai Binbin , Zhang Baofu , Chen Xiaohu , Chen Zongjing , Wang Weiming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Sitagliptin (SIT) is a DPP4 inhibitor that exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, its mechanism of action in SAP-ALI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of SIT on SAP-ALI and the specific pathways involved in SAP-induced lung inflammation, including oxidative stress, autophagy, and p62–Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)–NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathways. Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice were pre-treated with SIT (100 mg/kg), followed by caerulein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to induce pancreatic and lung injury. BEAS-2B cells were transfected with siRNA-Nrf2 and treated with LPS, and the changes in inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and autophagy were measured. SIT reduced histological damage, oedema, and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited excessive autophagy and ROS production via the activation of the p62–Keap1–Nrf2 signalling pathway and promotion of the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. In Nrf2-knockout mice, the anti-inflammatory effect of SIT was reduced, resulting in ROS accumulation and excessive autophagy. In BEAS-2B cells, LPS induced ROS production and activated autophagy, further enhanced by Nrf2 knockdown. This study demonstrates that SIT reduces SAP-ALI-associated oxidative stress and excessive autophagy through the p62–Keap1–Nrf2 signalling pathway and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, suggesting its therapeutic potential in SAP-ALI.
Nationwide rollout reveals efficacy of epidemic control through digital contact tracing
Authors: Elmokashfi Ahmed , Sundnes Joakim , Kvalbein Amund , Naumova Valeriya , Reinemo Sven-Arne , Florvaag Per Magne , Stensland Håkon Kvale , Lysne Olav 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFuelled by epidemiological studies of SARS-CoV-2, contact tracing by mobile phones has been put to use in many countries. Over a year into the pandemic, we lack conclusive evidence on its effectiveness. To address this gap, we used a unique real world contact data set, collected during the rollout of the first Norwegian contact tracing app in the Spring of 2020. Our dataset involves millions of contacts between 12.5% of the adult population, which enabled us to measure the real-world app performance. The technological tracing efficacy was measured at 80%, and we estimated that at least 11.0% of the discovered close contacts could not have been identified by manual contact tracing. Our results also indicated that digital contact tracing can flag individuals with excessive contacts, which can help contain superspreading related outbreaks. The overall effectiveness of digital tracing depends strongly on app uptake, but significant impact can be achieved for moderate uptake numbers. Used as a supplement to manual tracing and other measures, digital tracing can be instrumental in controlling the pandemic. Our findings can thus help informing public health policies in the coming months.
Spatiotemporal coordination of the RSF1-PLK1-Aurora B cascade establishes mitotic signaling platforms
Authors: Lee Ho-Soo , Min Sunwoo , Jung Ye-Eun , Chae Sunyoung , Heo June , Lee Jae-Ho , Kim TaeSoo , Kang Ho-Chul , Nakanish Makoto , Cha Sun-Shin , Cho Hyeseong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe chromatin remodeler RSF1 enriched at mitotic centromeres is essential for proper chromosome alignment and segregation and underlying mechanisms remain to be disclosed. We here show that PLK1 recruitment by RSF1 at centromeres creates an activating phosphorylation on Thr236 in the activation loop of Aurora B and this is indispensable for the Aurora B activation. In structural modeling the phosphorylated Thr236 enhances the base catalysis by Asp200 nearby, facilitating the Thr232 autophosphorylation. Accordingly, RSF1-PLK1 is central for Aurora B-mediated microtubule destabilization in error correction. However, under full microtubule-kinetochore attachment RSF1-PLK1 positions at kinetochores, halts activating Aurora B and phosphorylates BubR1, regardless of tension. Spatial movement of RSF1-PLK1 to kinetochores is triggered by Aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of centromeric histone H3 on Ser28. We propose a regulatory RSF1-PLK1 axis that spatiotemporally controls on/off switch on Aurora B. This feedback circuit among RSF1-PLK1-Aurora B may coordinate dynamic microtubule-kinetochore attachment in early mitosis when full tension yet to be generated.
Robust hemostatic bandages based on nanoclay electrospun membranes
Authors: Cui Yan , Huang Zongwang , Lei Li , Li Qinglin , Jiang Jinlong , Zeng Qinghai , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming , Zhang Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeath from acute hemorrhage is a major problem in military conflicts, traffic accidents, and surgical procedures, et al. Achieving rapid effective hemostasis for pre-hospital care is essential to save lives in massive bleeding. An ideal hemostasis material should have those features such as safe, efficient, convenient, economical, which remains challenging and most of them cannot be achieved at the same time. In this work, we report a rapid effective nanoclay-based hemostatic membranes with nanoclay particles incorporate into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun fibers. The nanoclay electrospun membrane (NEM) with 60 wt% kaolinite (KEM1.5) shows better and faster hemostatic performance in vitro and in vivo with good biocompatibility compared with most other NEMs and clay-based hemostats, benefiting from its enriched hemostatic functional sites, robust fluffy framework, and hydrophilic surface. The robust hemostatic bandages based on nanoclay electrospun membrane is an effective candidate hemostat in practical application.
Privacy and uniqueness of neighborhoods in social networks
Authors: Romanini Daniele , Lehmann Sune , Kivelä Mikko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability to share social network data at the level of individual connections is beneficial to science: not only for reproducing results, but also for researchers who may wish to use it for purposes not foreseen by the data releaser. Sharing such data, however, can lead to serious privacy issues, because individuals could be re-identified, not only based on possible nodes’ attributes, but also from the structure of the network around them. The risk associated with re-identification can be measured and it is more serious in some networks than in others. While various optimization algorithms have been proposed to anonymize networks, there is still only a limited theoretical understanding of which network features are important for the privacy problem. Using network models and real data, we show that the average degree of networks is a crucial parameter for the severity of re-identification risk from nodes’ neighborhoods. Dense networks are more at risk, and, apart from a small band of average degree values, either almost all nodes are uniquely re-identifiable or they are all safe. Our results allow researchers to assess the privacy risk based on a small number of network statistics which are available even before the data is collected. As a rule-of-thumb, the privacy risks are high if the average degree is above 10. Guided by these results, we explore sampling of edges as a strategy to mitigate the re-identification risk of nodes. This approach can be implemented during the data collection phase, and its effect on various network measures can be estimated and corrected using sampling theory. The new understanding of the uniqueness of neighborhoods in networks presented in this work can support the development of privacy-aware ways of designing network data collection procedures, anonymization methods, and sharing network data.
Effects of Bushen-Tiaojing-Fang on the pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients with repeated controlled ovarian stimulation
Authors: Ma Yu-Cong , Hao Gui-Min , Zhao Zhi-Ming , Cui Na , Fan Yan-Li , Zhang Shuan-Cheng , Chen Jing-Wei , Cao Yu-Cong , Guan Feng-Li , Geng Jing-Ran , Gao Bu-Lang , Du Hui-Lan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBushen-Tiaojing-Fang (BSTJF) is commonly used to treat infertility. This study investigated the effects of BSTJF on the pregnancy outcomes of patients with repeated controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), on mitochondrial function, and on oxidative stress in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular fluid (FF). The samples and clinical data of 97 patients, including 35 in the control group, 29 in the placebo group and 33 in the BSTJF group, were collected for this study. The mitochondrial ultrastructure, ATP content, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) number, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity levels, and mRNA expression levels of Mn-SOD, GSH-Px, and nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were analyzed. The high-grade embryo (P < 0.001), implantation (P = 0.033), and clinical pregnancy (P = 0.031) rates, as well as the ATP content (P = 0.014), mtDNA number (P = 0.035), GSH-Px activity (P = 0.004 in GCs andP = 0.008 in FF) and mRNA expression levels (P = 0.019), were significantly lower in the placebo group than in the control group, whereas the 8-OHdG content was significantly (P = 0.006 in FF) higher in the placebo group than in the control group. Compared with those in the placebo group, the high-grade embryo rate (P = 0.007), antioxidant enzyme activity (P = 0.037 and 0.036 in Mn-SOD;P = 0.047 and 0.030 in GSH-Px) and mRNA level (P < 0.001 in Nrf2,P = 0.039 in Mn-SOD andP = 0.002 in GSH-Px) were significantly higher in the BSTJF group, as were changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure, ATP (P = 0.040) and mtDNA number (P = 0.013). In conclusion, BSTJF can improve oxidative stress in patients with repeated COS and pregnancy outcomes.
Social status and novelty drove the spread of online information during the early stages of COVID-19
Authors: Photiou Antonis , Nicolaides Christos , Dhillon Paramveer S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccess to online information has been crucial throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed more than eight million randomly selected Twitter posts from the first wave of the pandemic to study the role of the author’s social status (Health Expert or Influencer) and the informational novelty of the tweet in the diffusion of several key types of information. Our results show that health-related information and political discourse propagated faster than personal narratives, economy-related or travel-related news. Content novelty further accelerated the spread of these discussion themes. People trusted health experts on health-related knowledge, especially when it was novel, while influencers were more effective at propagating political discourse. Finally, we observed a U-shaped relationship between the informational novelty and the number of retweets. Tweets with average novelty spread the least. Tweets with high novelty propagated the most, primarily when they discussed political, health, or personal information, perhaps owing to the immediacy to mobilize this information. On the other hand, economic and travel-related information spread most when it was less novel, and people resisted sharing such information before it was duly verified.
Predicting bloodstream infection outcome using machine learning
Authors: Zoabi Yazeed , Kehat Orli , Lahav Dan , Weiss-Meilik Ahuva , Adler Amos , Shomron Noam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBloodstream infections (BSI) are a main cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early prediction of BSI patients at high risk of poor outcomes is important for earlier decision making and effective patient stratification. We developed electronic medical record-based machine learning models that predict patient outcomes of BSI. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve was 0.82 for a full featured inclusive model, and 0.81 for a compact model using only 25 features. Our models were trained using electronic medical records that include demographics, blood tests, and the medical and diagnosis history of 7889 hospitalized patients diagnosed with BSI. Among the implications of this work is implementation of the models as a basis for selective rapid microbiological identification, toward earlier administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Additionally, our models may help reduce the development of BSI and its associated adverse health outcomes and complications.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of preventable hospital readmissions within 30 days
Authors: Meurs Elsemieke A. I. M. , Siegert Carl E. H. , Uitvlugt Elien , Morabet Najla El , Stoffels Ruth J. , Schölvinck Dirk W. , Taverne Laura F. , Hulshof Pim B. J. E. , ten Horn Hilde J. S. , Noordman Philou C. W. , van Es Josien , van der Heijde Nicky , van der Ree Meike H. , van den Bosch Maurice A. A. J. , Karapinar-Çarkit Fatma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKnowledge regarding preventable hospital readmissions is scarce. Our aim was to compare the clinical characteristics of potentially preventable readmissions (PPRs) with non-PPRs. Additionally, we aimed to identify risk factors for PPRs. Our study included readmissions within 30 days after discharge from 1 of 7 hospital departments. Preventability was assessed by multidisciplinary meetings. Characteristics of the readmissions were collected and 23 risk factors were analyzed. Of the 1120 readmissions, 125 (11%) were PPRs. PPRs occurred equally among different departments (p = 0.21). 29.6% of PPRs were readmitted by a practitioner of a different medical specialty than the initial admission (IA) specialist. The PPR group had more readmissions within 7 days (PPR 54% vs. non-PPR 44%, p = 0.03). The median LOS was 1 day longer for PPRs (p = 0.16). Factors associated with PPR were higher age (p = 0.004), higher socio-economic status (p = 0.049), fewer prior hospital admissions (p = 0.004), and no outpatient visit prior to readmission (p = 0.025). This study found that PPRs can occur at any department in the hospital. There is not a single type of patient that can easily be pinpointed to be at risk of a PPR, probably due to the multifactorial nature of PPRs.
Novel static magnetic field effects on green chemistry biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kthiri Ameni , Hamimed Selma , Othmani Abdelhak , Landoulsi Ahmed , O’Sullivan Siobhan , Sheehan David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe bacteriocidal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) depend on their average diameter (toxicity increases with decreasing diameter). In the present work, we describe novel green chemistry biosynthesis of AgNPs from AgNO3 added to cell-free culture medium of baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yielding nanoparticles in the range 11–25 nm. However, when yeast was grown in a moderate static magnetic field, AgNPs obtained from the resulting cell-free culture medium, were significantly smaller (2–12 nm) than those obtained without magnetic field. These latter nanoparticles were highly crystalline, stable and near-uniform shape. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs obtained from static magnetic fields were greater than those from control cultures. Static magnetic fields show a promising ability to generate biocidal nanoparticles via this novel green chemistry approach.