bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α -308G>A, -238G>A and -376G>A polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss risk in the Greek population
Authors: Stavros Sofoklis , Mavrogianni Despoina , Papamentzelopoulou Myrto , Basamakis Evaggelos , Khudeir Hend , Psarris Alexandros , Drakakis Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Promoter region SNPs in TNF-α have been studied in association with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) occurrence in various populations. Among them, −238G > A, −308G > A and − 376G > A have been frequently investigated for their potential role in recurrent abortions. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the correlation among TNF-α 238, TNF-α 308 and TNF-α 376 polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss risk in Greek women.

Methods
This study included 94 Caucasian women with at least two miscarriages of unexplained aetiology, before the 20th week of gestation. The control group consisted of 89 Caucasian women of proven fertility, with no history of pregnancy loss. DNA samples were subjected to PCR amplification using specific primers. Sanger sequencing was applied to investigate the presence of TNF-α 238, TNF-α 308, TNF-α 376 polymorphisms in all samples.

Results
The TNF-α 238 and TNF-α 308 variants were both detected in RPL and control groups (7.45% vs 4.49 and 45.16% vs 36.73%, respectively), but with no statistically significant association (p-value 0.396 and 0.374, respectively). The TNF-α 376 variant was not detected at all in both control and RPL groups. When TNF-α 238 and TNF-α 308 genotypes were combined no association with RPL was detected (p-value = 0.694). In subgroup analysis by parity, RPL patients carrying the A allele reported less previous births.

Conclusions
This is the first study demonstrating TNF-α 238 and TNF-α 308 gene expression and the absence of TNF-α 376 variant in Greek women with RPL. However, no association emerged between each polymorphism studied and the occurrence of recurrent pregnancy loss. Accordingly, TNF-α -308G > A, −238G > A and -376G > A variants are not considered genetic markers for identifying women at increased risk of recurrent pregnancy loss in the Greek population.
Investor Letters and the Everyday Practice of Finance in Nineteenth-Century France
Authors: Yates Alexia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the last decades of the nineteenth century the Paris Exchange was the second largest in the world, and engagement in financial markets had become popular on a previously unknown scale. How ordinary people encountered, thought about, and navigated this new financial landscape has nevertheless proved elusive. This article analyzes everyday financial practice in the first age of global capital from the vantage of letters written by ordinary individuals concerning their investments. As the numbers of investors and bondholders in France grew, “investor letters”—missives to financial, legal, and governmental authorities—proliferated. Their existence and concerns offer rich insights into how and with what effect France's financial markets were evolving at the end of the nineteenth century. These letters prompt us to reconsider the place of routine business correspondence in our studies of epistolary culture and allow reflection on economic life as modest investors “wrote upwards” and across the wealth gap of late nineteenth-century France.Vers la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, la Bourse de Paris était la deuxième place financière la plus importante au monde, et ses marchés étaient devenus « populaires » à une échelle sans précédent. La manière dont les gens ordinaires ont réussi à s'orienter dans ce nouveau paysage se révèle difficile à saisir. Cet article analyse la pratique financière quotidienne de l’âge d'or de la globalisation du capital selon les particuliers écrivant à propos de leurs investissements. A mesure que le nombre d'investisseurs et d'obligataires a augmenté, ces « lettres d'investisseurs » adressées aux autorités financières, juridiques et gouvernementales se sont multipliées. Leur existence et leurs sujets de préoccupation offrent de riches informations sur l’évolution des marchés financiers français de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Ces lettres nous incitent à reconsidérer la place de la correspondance commerciale dans la culture épistolaire, et en nous montrant comment de modestes investisseurs écrivent « vers le haut » de la hiérarchie économique et sociale, nous permettent d'accéder à des aspects méconnus de la vie économique de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle français.
Pseudo-algebraic Ricci solitons on Einstein nilradicals
Authors: Yan Zaili 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We develop a variational method to find pseudo-algebraic Ricci solitons on connected Lie groups.As applications, we prove that every Einstein nilradical admits a non-Riemannian algebraic Ricci soliton, and that any algebraic Ricci soliton on a semi-simple Lie group is Einstein. Furthermore, we construct several Lorentz algebraic Ricci solitons on the nilpotent Lie groups which have a codimension one abelian ideal.
Synthesis of “Economic Transplants: On Lawmaking for Corporations and Capital Markets”
Authors: Langenbucher Katja 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Buzzwords such as “economization”,

Çalışkan and Callon (2009) 369.
“economic imperialism”

Lazear (1999).
or “the economist’s hour”

Appelbaum (2019).
denote the fact that during the last century “economics has become the science of making social choices”.

Fourcade (2018) 1.
In “economic transplants”,

Langenbucher (2017) (where the following footnotes list only pages, they reference this book).
I explore how this has happened in European corporate and financial markets law. The book’s focus is on legal reasoning, involving both a hypothesis about where economics’ tempting allure may come from, and an argument on why the underlying disciplinary approaches of law and of economics often don’t necessarily match.
Zwischen Bauhauskritik und Bauforschung: Konrad Nonn
Authors: Schneider Peter I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As a committed publicist, the architect and ministerial official Konrad Nonn is known as one of the most prominent right-wing critics of the Bauhaus. Both the extremely polemical and inflammatory style of his texts and his incessant agitations against the school and its director Walter Gropius have contributed to seeing him as an oddity driven by a peculiar, almost pathological hatred. However, the perception of Nonn as a mere eccentric obscures the fact that he was by no means a loner. In fact, during the Weimar Republic, Nonn was a recognized member and functionary of a number of professional associations in the field of architecture. One such association was the Koldewey Society of architects working in the field of archaeology, whose members can be found in the elitist educated middle-class spectrum of the Weimar period. Within this educated bourgeois, humanistic elite with its special moral based attitude towards modernism in Germany, Nonn represented a cultural-conservative-national position. Although not equally shared, this position was widely understood and accepted by Nonn’s peers. Not least the moral support from these associations, in which he was also active as an official, allowed him to continue his agitation against the Bauhaus even after setbacks and to regain status from 1933. Nonn’s criticism of the Bauhaus can therefore be seen as an extreme reaction of the German humanistically very well-educated academic elite against the challenges of modernization, but not just as an isolated nerd’s extremist activism.
Eine »schulbildende« Wirkung des Unterrichts?
Authors: Blümm Anke , Rössler Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
From 1930 to 1933, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe shaped the fate of the Bauhaus; in particular, he tailored the avant-garde institution to the study of architecture. While research has so far concentrated on the content of his teaching, the group of students he specifically trained remained in the dark. With the help of statistical analysis and evaluation, the present essay takes a new methodical approach to describe Mies’ 169 architecture students in more detail; the focus is particularly on the 78 diploma students. It becomes clear that the ›pure Mies influence‹ was hardly present in these 5 semesters at the Bauhaus. Instead, the very heterogeneous group was characterized until the end by political trench warfare that had already arisen under the previous director Hannes Meyer.
Einblicke in die Dessauer Bauhausbauten als materielles Erbe
Authors: Markgraf Monika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Dessau, the Bauhaus experienced an extremely productive phase in 1925 –1932. In this period a number of buildings were constructed in the city, which are summarised under the name Bauhaus Buildings. The materiality of these buildings, from which important impulses for the development of architecture in the 20th century emanated, is just as important for a comprehensive understanding of the buildings as it is for their long-term preservation. The Bauhaus Dessau Foundation has had a building research archive since 1998, in which building materials and components of the Bauhaus buildings are preserved. Using selected materials such as concrete, Torfoleum or stonewood screed as examples, aspects of researching and preserving these buildings are discussed using the Bauhaus building, the Masters’ Houses and the Dessau-Törten housing estate as examples.
Media Capture and Bias in the Market for News
Authors: Roy Abhra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We analyze a model of media bias under government capture and a free press. The government wants citizens to invest in a project. Citizens gain from investing only if the state of the economy is good. The state is unobserved. The media firm receives a noisy signal about the actual state and makes a report about whether or not the state of the economy is good. Citizens read the report and decide whether or not to invest. In this context, we show that media bias under government capture may be smaller (greater) than that under free press if the cost of investment is sufficiently high (low) provided that the signal noise is below a certain threshold. Finally, we show that the difference between the bias under government capture and free press diverges (converges) when the cost of investment is sufficiently high (low) in response to a reduction in noise.
The Neoclassical Growth Model and the Labor Share Decline
Authors: Mahone Zachary L. , Naval Joaquín , Pujolas Pau S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The labor share may be declining in the data, but it is often assumed constant in neoclassical growth models (NGM). We assess the quantitative importance of this discrepancy by comparing alternative calibration approaches featuring constant and declining labor shares. We find little difference in model performance. Our results derive from strong general equilibrium effects: while a declining labor share mechanically lowers wage growth, the investment response pushes wages back up. Hence, different models deliver nearly identical paths of macro aggregates. Numerous robustness checks (including a CES production function, different time periods, and calculations of the labor share) reinforce the similarity of performance across model specifications. We conclude that the NGM with a constant labor share is still an appropriate choice to study many standard macro aggregates.
Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to seasonal and habitat condition in the Wewe River, Ashanti region (Ghana)
Authors: Oppong Samuel K. , Nsor Collins Ayine , Buabeng Gabriel Kwabena 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aquatic macro-invertebrates play a vital role in the food chain of river ecosystem at several trophic guilds and consumer levels, and are used as biomonitoring tools for aquatic ecosystem health. However, hydrologic conditions of these ecosystems have been severely altered because of the increase in urban development and agricultural expansion. This study examined benthic invertebrate response to processes that structure their community in the Wewe River, segmented into intact, medium, and severe condition zones. We sampled in 100 stations in a period of 4 months in the wet (June–September, 2019) and 3 months in the dry (January–March, 2020) seasons. Geometric series, rarefaction, and Hill numbers models were used to quantify invertebrate assemblages, while ordination technique, canonical correspondence analysis, was used to evaluate the influence of predictive factors on their assemblages. A total of 2,075 individuals belonging to 20 family taxa were registered. There was no significant difference in benthic assemblages between the dry and wet seasons. Predictive factors accounted for 47.04 and 50.84% variances, respectively. Taxa distribution patterns differed significantly only in the severely disturbed zone during the wet season. Neptidae, Libellulidae, and Chironomidae were the most abundant taxa, indicating their broad range habitat preference and their ability to adapt to seasonal changes. Asellidae and Perlidae were the least detected, suggesting their sensitivity to elevated levels of some water quality parameters. The findings highlight the threats to the benthic community and overall functional state of the Wewe River, with the need to consider the proposed conservation interventions indicated in this study.
Continuous sulfonation of hexadecylbenzene in a microreactor
Authors: Xu Yiming , Liu Suli , Meng Weijun , Yuan Hua , Ma Weibao , Sun Xiangqian , Xu Jianhong , Tan Bin , Li Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates are inexpensive surfactants that are extensively used as oil-displacing agents during tertiary oil recovery. Among these, C16–18 heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates possess an excellent ability to reduce the oil-water interface tension. In this study, hexadecylbenzene sulfonic acid (HBSA) was synthesised in a continuous stirred-tank microreactor using a continuous method with 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) dilution. Post-sulfonation liquid SO3 solution was used as a sulfonating agent for hexadecylbenzene (HDB). The effects of reaction conditions, such as the SO3:HDB molar ratio, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation agent concentration, on the yield and purity of the product were investigated. Optimisation of the reaction process yielded high-quality HBSA samples with a purity exceeding 99 wt%. The continuous sulfonation process significantly enhanced the production and efficiency in the case of a considerably short residence time (10 s) in the reactor, without the need for aging. The results of this study demonstrate significant potential for application in industrial production.
One-pot synthesis of benzofurans via heteroannulation of benzoquinones
Authors: Pirouz Maryam , Saeed Abaee M. , Harris Pernille , Mojtahedi Mohammad M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Three different reactions were explored leading to the synthesis of various benzofurans. All reactions took place under AcOH catalysis in a one-pot manner. As a result, benzoquinone derivatives underwent heteroannulation with either itself or cyclohexanones to produce furanylidene-benzofuran or benzofuran structures, respectively.
Effect of an axial-radial plate reactor modifications on a mega methanol plant production
Authors: Eksiri Zahra , Mozdianfard Mohammadreza , Mirvakili Azadeh , Rahimpour Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Axial-radial flow plate reactors have been recently considered as efficient and practical types of reactors for methanol synthesis. Generally, an axial–radial reactor (AR) consists of two main parts namely the axial section and the radial section and the vast majority of the feed enters the radial section. Moreover, the structure of AR has a space above the axial part, which can add an adiabatic bed in the system. In this study, the performance of two novels AR configurations is investigated to improve the effectiveness of the axial–radial plate reactor. In the first configuration, the optimum length of the adiabatic bed is calculated and the adiabatic bed is located above the axial section inside the AR and is named IAAR. Therefore, in IAAR the feed of the axial section just enters the adiabatic bed and warms up. On the other configuration, the adiabatic bed with the optimum length is placed outside the reactor and is named OAAR. Therefore, in OAAR the total feed passes through the adiabatic bed, highly warms up, then cools to the optimum temperature in a heat exchanger, and finally enters AR. Two-dimensional mathematical modeling via orthogonal collocation on the finite element method is developed to compare the performance of two configurations. The results show that the maximum proportion of methanol produces in IAAR, which is approximately 3.8% higher than that produced in conventional AR due to utilizing an adiabatic bed inside the AR and superior gas distribution in the process. Momentum, mass, and heat equations are calculated and molar flow rates, mole fractions and temperatures are depicted along the radius and the length of the three configurations.
Abrasive wear response of Al-Si–SiCp composite: Effect of friction heat and friction coefficient
Authors: Singh Raj Kumar , Telang Amit , Das Satyabrata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effects of friction heat and friction coefficient on the abrasive wear response of Al-7.5Si–SiCp composite against low-cost hypereutectic (Al-17.5Si) alloy were investigated as functions of the abrasive size and applied load in both as-cast and after heat-treatment conditions. Experiments were performed on pin-on-disc apparatus at 38 –80 μm abrasive size, 5 – 20 N applied load, 100 –400 m abrading (sliding) distances and 1 m s–1 constant sliding speed. The frictional heating of as-cast and heat-treated composite was superior compared to the matrix alloy and hypereutectic alloy, whereas the trend reversed for the friction coefficient. The frictional heating and friction coefficient of the materials increased with the abrasive size and applied load in both as-cast and after heat-treatment. The worn surface and wear debris particles were examined by using field emission scanning electron microscopy to understand the wear mechanism.
A multiscale mean field model for elastic properties of hypereutectoid pearlitic steels with different microstructures
Authors: Vogric Marko , Povoden-Karadeniz Erwin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Multiscale modeling of macroscopic elastic properties of pearlitic hypereutectoid steel using the Eshelby matrix–inclusion approach is possible. The model works through successive homogenization steps, based on the elastic properties of cementite and ferrite. Globular pearlite is homogenized using α Mori–Tanaka approach. Lamellar pearlite and pearlite colonies with fragmented proeutectoid cementite are homogenized by α classical self-consistent scheme. In the case of pearlite colonies surrounded by α continuous cementite film, α generalized self-consistent scheme is used. The influence of microstructural parameters such as the pearlite colony size or the thickness of the proeutectoid cementite on Young’s and shear moduli and on coefficients of the stiffness tensor is simulated. Proof of concept is obtained by comparison between predicted elastic behavior and experimental results from the literature.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded titanium alloy and stainless steel joint with composite interlayer
Authors: Zhang Yan , Gao YiDi , Zhou JianPing , Sun DaQian , Li HongMei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, TA2/T2 was used as a composite interlayer to prevent the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallics when joining TC4 Ti alloy to 304 stainless steel. The TA2/T2 (commercially pure Ti and Cu) composite interlayer was prepared by explosive welding. The laser was focused on the TC4-TA2 interface, which joined the TC4 and TA2 by fusion welding. At the TC4-TA2 interface, a weld zone was formed due to the mixing of molten TC4 and TA2. The laser was also focused on the T2-304 stainless steel interface, a weld zone was formed due to the mixing of molten T2 and 304 stainless steel. Composite interlayer TA/T2 was used not only to prevent the formation of Ti-Fe intermetallics during welding but also to improve microstructure and properties of the stainless steel–Ti alloy joint. The joint fractured at the TA2/T2 explosive welding interface with a maximum tensile strength of 428 MPa.
Berossus and the Creation Story
Authors: Beaulieu Paul-Alain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the fragments of the Babyloniaca of Berossus on creation. The following aspects are considered: the narrative structure of the book and how the account of creation is introduced, with broader implications for the cultural claims of Berossus and his peers; the relation between Berossus and previous Mesopotamian traditions, mainly the Babylonian Epic of Creation (Enuma elish), as well as possible evidence of Greek influence; and finally the view of human nature which is implicit in his account of the creation of humankind, notably the elimination of female agency and how his narrative relates to theories of human generation and the body that were current among the Babylonians, the Greeks, and the Egyptians.
Priestly Scholars in Late Egypt: The Theoretical Side
Authors: Quack Joachim Friedrich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on literary and sub-literary texts which present Egyptian scholars. I first look at outsider’s views (like the church-father Clement of Alexandria), borderline views (like the Egyptian priest Chairemon), and insider’s views. For the latter examination, two compositions are studied in more detail. The first is the Book of the Temple, which is a manual of the ideal Egyptian temple, including sections about the duties of several of its intellectual specialists. The second is the Ritual for Entering the Chamber of Darkness, which is a difficult text about the initiation to arcane religious knowledge and the mysteries of writing.
The effects of foot massage on hemodialysis patients’ sleep quality and restless leg syndrome: a comparison of lavender and sweet orange essential oil topical application
Authors: Oshvandi Khodayar , Mirzajani Letomi Fariba , Soltanian Ali Reza , Shamsizadeh Morteza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Hemodialysis (HD) patients suffer more sleep problems (poor sleep quality and restless leg syndrome [RLS]). Complementary therapy, especially massage with aromatherapy oil is one of the non-pharmacological treatment options with less adverse effects than routine methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of foot massage with of lavender and orange essential oil on HD patients’ sleep quality and RLS.

Methods
This is a double blind randomized controlled trial on 105 HD patients was conducted at a large educational hospital in Iran, Hamadan province between January and September 2017. Patients divided into three groups with random allocation (35 participants per groups in lavender, orange, and control group). Foot massage during HD with lavender and orange essential oil was administered to the patients three times a week for three weeks, and every massage lasted half an hour. The control group received routine care. Before the intervention, the end of the first, second, and third weeks Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and RLS questionnaire were completed for all three groups. Data were statistically analyzed with Independent Samples t-test, chi-square test and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS version 16.

Results
The mean score of sleep quality and RLS in the intervention groups were significantly different compare with the control group in all three time of data collecting (p<0 001).

Conclusions
Aromatherapy prepared with lavender oil and sweet orange may be recommended to increase sleep quality and RLS level of the HD patients.