bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swim training affects Akt signaling and ameliorates loss of skeletal muscle mass in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cieminski Karol , Flis Damian Jozef , Dzik Katarzyna , Kaczor Jan Jacek , Czyrko Emilia , Halon-Golabek Malgorzata , Wieckowski Mariusz Roman , Antosiewicz Jedrzej , Ziolkowski Wieslaw 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that swim training reverses the impairment of Akt/FOXO3a signaling, ameliorating muscle atrophy in ALS mice. Transgenic male mice B6SJL-Tg (SOD1G93A) 1Gur/J were used as the ALS model (n = 35), with wild-type B6SJL (WT) mice as controls (n = 7). ALS mice were analyzed before ALS onset, at ALS onset, and at terminal ALS. Levels of insulin/Akt signaling pathway proteins were determined, and the body and tibialis anterior muscle mass and plasma creatine kinase. Significantly increased levels of FOXO3a in ALS groups (from about 13 to 21-fold) compared to WT mice were observed. MuRF1 levels in the ONSET untrained group (12.0 ± 1.7 AU) were significantly higher than in WT mice (1.12 ± 0.2 AU) and in the BEFORE ALS group (3.7 ± 0.9 AU). This was associated with body mass and skeletal muscle mass reduction. Swim training significantly ameliorated the reduction of skeletal muscle mass in both TERMINAL groups (p < 0.001) and partially reversed changes in the levels of Akt signaling pathway proteins. These findings shed light on the swimming-induced attenuation of skeletal muscle atrophy in ALS with possible practical implications for anti-cachexia approaches.
Manganese toxicity disrupts indole acetic acid homeostasis and suppresses the CO2 assimilation reaction in rice leaves
Authors: Takagi Daisuke , Ishiyama Keiki , Suganami Mao , Ushijima Tomokazu , Fujii Takeshi , Tazoe Youshi , Kawasaki Michio , Noguchi Ko , Makino Amane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the essentiality of Mn in terrestrial plants, its excessive accumulation in plant tissues can cause growth defects, known as Mn toxicity. Mn toxicity can be classified into apoplastic and symplastic types depending on its onset. Symplastic Mn toxicity is hypothesised to be more critical for growth defects. However, details of the relationship between growth defects and symplastic Mn toxicity remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying symplastic Mn toxicity in rice plants. We found that under excess Mn conditions, CO2 assimilation was inhibited by stomatal closure, and both carbon anabolic and catabolic activities were decreased. In addition to stomatal dysfunction, stomatal and leaf anatomical development were also altered by excess Mn accumulation. Furthermore, indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration was decreased, and auxin-responsive gene expression analyses showed IAA-deficient symptoms in leaves due to excess Mn accumulation. These results suggest that excessive Mn accumulation causes IAA deficiency, and low IAA concentrations suppress plant growth by suppressing stomatal opening and leaf anatomical development for efficient CO2 assimilation in leaves.
Temperature dependence of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to anisotropic magnetoresistance
Authors: Park Ji-Ho , Ko Hye-Won , Kim Jeong-Mok , Park Jungmin , Park Seung-Young , Jo Younghun , Park Byong-Guk , Kim Se Kwon , Lee Kyung-Jin , Kim Kab-Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrical conduction in magnetic materials depends on their magnetization configuration, resulting in various magnetoresistances (MRs). The microscopic mechanisms of MR have so far been attributed to either an intrinsic or extrinsic origin, yet the contribution and temperature dependence of either origin has remained elusive due to experimental limitations. In this study, we independently probed the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the anisotropic MR (AMR) of a permalloy film at varying temperatures using temperature-variable terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The AMR induced by the scattering-independent intrinsic origin was observed to be approximately 1.5% at T = 16 K and is virtually independent of temperature. In contrast, the AMR induced by the scattering-dependent extrinsic contribution was approximately 3% at T = 16 K but decreased to 1.5% at T = 155 K, which is the maximum temperature at which the AMR can be resolved using THz measurements. Our results experimentally quantify the temperature-dependent intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to AMR, which can stimulate further theoretical research to aid the fundamental understanding of AMR.
Robust autofocusing for scanning electron microscopy based on a dual deep learning network
Authors: Lee Woojin , Nam Hyeong Soo , Kim Young Gon , Kim Yong Ju , Lee Jun Hee , Yoo Hongki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a high-resolution imaging technique with subnanometer spatial resolution that is widely used in materials science, basic science, and nanofabrication. However, conducting SEM is rather complex due to the nature of using an electron beam and the many parameters that must be adjusted to acquire high-quality images. Only trained operators can use SEM equipment properly, meaning that the use of SEM is restricted. To broaden the usability of SEM, we propose an autofocus method for a SEM system based on a dual deep learning network, which consists of an autofocusing-evaluation network (AENet) and an autofocusing-control network (ACNet). The AENet was designed to evaluate the quality of given images, with scores ranging from 0 to 9 regardless of the magnification. The ACNet can delicately control the focus of SEM online based on the AENet’s outputs for any lateral sample position and magnification. The results of these dual networks showed successful autofocus performance on three trained samples. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed method was demonstrated by autofocusing on unseen samples. We expect that our autofocusing system will not only contribute to expanding the versatility of SEM but will also be applicable to various microscopes.
Clinically silent LINE 1 insertion in the PNPLA3 gene may impede genotyping of the p.I148M variant
Authors: Leníček Martin , Šmíd Václav , Pajer Petr , Nazarova Anna , Dvořák Karel , Subhanová Iva , Brůha Radan , Vítek Libor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene (viz. its I148M variant) is one of the key players in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have identified a novel insertion/deletion variant of 1114 bp, localized in the second intron of the PNPLA3 gene, which corresponds to the 3′ terminal sequence of the long-interspersed element (LINE-1). DNA analysis of 122 NAFLD patients and 167 control subjects as well as RNA analysis of 19 liver biopsies revealed that the novel variant is very common (frequency = 0.41), fully linked to the clinically important I148M variant, and clinically silent. Although the LINE-1 insertion does not seem to have any biological effect, it can impede genotyping of the I148M variant. If insertion prevents the attachment of the diagnostic primer, then the non-insertion allele will be selectively amplified; and thus the frequency of the 148M "risk" allele will be significantly overestimated due to the complete linkage of the LINE-1 insertion and the 148I allele of the PNPLA3 gene. Therefore, our findings underline the importance of careful design and consistent documentation of the methodology, including primer sequences. Critical revisions of the results of some studies that have already been reported may therefore be needed.
Numerous chondritic impactors and oxidized magma ocean set Earth’s volatile depletion
Authors: Sakuraba Haruka , Kurokawa Hiroyuki , Genda Hidenori , Ohta Kenji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarth’s surface environment is largely influenced by its budget of major volatile elements: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H). Although the volatiles on Earth are thought to have been delivered by chondritic materials, the elemental composition of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) shows depletion in the order of N, C, and H. Previous studies have concluded that non-chondritic materials are needed for this depletion pattern. Here, we model the evolution of the volatile abundances in the atmosphere, oceans, crust, mantle, and core through the accretion history by considering elemental partitioning and impact erosion. We show that the BSE depletion pattern can be reproduced from continuous accretion of chondritic bodies by the partitioning of C into the core and H storage in the magma ocean in the main accretion stage and atmospheric erosion of N in the late accretion stage. This scenario requires a relatively oxidized magma ocean ($$\log _{10} f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}$$

log
10

f

O
2

$$\gtrsim$$
≳
$${\mathrm{IW}}$$
IW
$$-2$$

-
2

, where $$f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}$$

f

O
2

is the oxygen fugacity, $$\mathrm{IW}$$
IW
is $$\log _{10} f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}^{\mathrm{IW}}$$

log
10

f

O
2

IW

, and $$f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}^{\mathrm{IW}}$$

f

O
2

IW

is $$f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}$$

f

O
2

at the iron-wüstite buffer), the dominance of small impactors in the late accretion, and the storage of H and C in oceanic water and carbonate rocks in the late accretion stage, all of which are naturally expected from the formation of an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone.
Robust skyrmion mediated reversal of ferromagnetic nanodots of 20 nm lateral dimension with high Ms and observable DMI
Authors: Rajib Md Mahadi , Misba Walid Al , Bhattacharya Dhritiman , Atulasimha Jayasimha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImplementation of skyrmion based energy efficient and high-density data storage devices requires aggressive scaling of skyrmion size. Ferrimagnetic materials are considered to be a suitable platform for this purpose due to their low saturation magnetization (i.e. smaller stray field). However, this method of lowering the saturation magnetization and scaling the lateral size of skyrmions is only applicable where the skyrmions have a smaller lateral dimension compared to the hosting film. Here, we show by performing rigorous micromagnetic simulation that the size of skyrmions, which have lateral dimension comparable to their hosting nanodot can be scaled by increasing saturation magnetization. Also, when the lateral dimension of nanodot is reduced and thereby the skyrmion confined in it is downscaled, there remains a challenge in forming a stable skyrmion with experimentally observed Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) values since this interaction has to facilitate higher canting per spin to complete a 360° rotation along the diameter. In our study, we found that skyrmions can be formed in 20 nm lateral dimension nanodots with high saturation magnetization (1.30–1.70 MA/m) and DMI values (~ 3 mJ/m2) that have been reported to date. This result could stimulate experiments on implementation of highly dense skyrmion devices. Additionally, using this, we show that voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy based switching mediated by an intermediate skyrmion state can be achieved in the soft layer of a ferromagnetic p-MTJ of lateral dimensions 20 nm with sub 1 fJ/bit energy in the presence of room temperature thermal noise with reasonable DMI ~ 3 mJ/m2.
Risk of acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Sung Li-Chin , Chang Chuen-Chau , Lin Chao-Shun , Yeh Chun-Chieh , Cherng Yih-Giun , Chen Ta-Liang , Liao Chien-Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe association between pancreatitis and acute myocardial infarction or stroke remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in people with acute and chronic pancreatitis. Using research database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance, we identified 2678 patients aged ≥ 20 years with newly diagnosed pancreatitis in 2000–2008. A cohort of 10,825 adults without pancreatitis was selected for comparison, with matching by age and sex. Both cohorts were followed from 2000 to the end of 2013, and incident acute ASCVD was identified during the follow-up period. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of acute ASCVD associated with pancreatitis were calculated. Compared with the comparison cohort, the adjusted HR of acute ASCVD were 1.76 (95% CI 1.47–2.12) and 3.42 (95% CI 1.69–6.94) for people with acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, respectively. A history of alcohol-related illness (HR 9.49, 95% CI 3.78–23.8), liver cirrhosis (HR 7.31, 95% CI 1.81–29.5), and diabetes (HR 6.89, 95% CI 2.18–21.8) may worsen the risk of acute ASCVD in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Compared with people had no pancreatitis, patients with acute pancreatitis who had alcohol-related illness (HR 4.66, 95% CI 3.24–6.70), liver cirrhosis (HR 4.44, 95% CI 3.05–6.47), and diabetes (HR 2.61, 95% CI 2.03–3.36) were at increased risk of acute ASCVD. However, the cumulative use of metformin was associated with a reduced risk of acute ASCVD in the acute pancreatitis cohort (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17–0.50). Compared with the control group, patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis were more likely to have an increased risk of acute ASCVD, while the use of metformin reduced the risk of acute ASCVD. Our findings warrant a survey and education on acute ASCVD for patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Sublethal effects of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties in the Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Xin Tianrong , Wang Jing , Zou Zhiwen , Zhong Ling , Xia Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPanonychus citri, a major citrus pest. In pest management, bifenazate is a novel acaricide with high biological activity against red mites, such as Tetranychus urticae Koch. However, in the field, pests are frequently exposed to sublethal or lethal concentrations of pesticides. At present, its sublethal effects on P. citri have not been reported. Therefore, in order to investigate sublethal effect of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties of P. citri. The newly emerged females were treated with two concentrations of bifenazate: LC10 and LC30, the development and fecundity were observed. The results showed that female adult duration, fecundity, oviposition days, longevity were decrease compared with control, but pre-oviposition period was longer, net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation (T) were decreased, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate (λ) were decreased in LC30, however, doubling time was increased. Enzymatic tests showed that CAT, POD, CarE activities were higher in treatments than control. The SOD and GST activities were lower in LC30 than control and LC10, the CYP450 activity was decreased with the increasing concentrations. This study demonstrated that low lethal concentrations of bifenazate adversely affected life table parameters, enzymatic properties in P. citri. Therefore, bifenazate has the potential to control this pest.
Supramolecular helices from helical building blocks via head-to-tail intermolecular interactions
Authors: Yan Xiaosheng , Weng Peimin , Shi Di , Jiang Yun-Bao 
Published: October 2021

Helical building blocks can self-assemble into supramolecular helices via head-to-tail intermolecular interactions, wherein good propagation of helicity operates, exhibiting favourable homochiral elongation and functional helical channel structures.
Multifunctional NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for sodium-ion batteries, sensing, and photocatalysis
Authors: Patil S. B. , Patil Shivaraj B. , Deepa S. , Udayabhanu  , Nagaraju G. , Swamy B. E. Kumara 
Published: October 2021

NiFe2O4 NPs synthesized by co-precipitation method exhibited excellent electrochemical properties towards sodium ion batteries and oxidation of uric acid. NiFe2O4 NPs also exhibited good catalytic activity for simultaneous degradation of multiple dyes.
Critical dynamics and phase transition of a strongly interacting warm spin gas
Authors: Horowicz Yahel , Katz Or , Raz Oren , Firstenberg Ofer 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceInvestigation of new phases of matter and, generally, the study of correlated states of many particles are at the frontier of interdisciplinary physical research. Ordered phases are extensively studied in condensed matter and atomic physics, especially in low-temperature spin systems. However, at ambient temperature, spin gases are conceived disordered, with high entropy and weak or random many-body interactions. In this work, we discover a new magnetic phase of cesium vapor at room temperature. Near the phase boundary, we observe a 100-fold enhancement of the spins’ response time. Our findings open exciting avenues to precision quantum sensing, out-of-equilibrium magnetic simulations with many-body correlations, and the realization of Ising computation at ambient conditions.
Thermally stratified flow of hybrid nanofluids with radiative heat transport and slip mechanism: multiple solutions
Authors: Saif Rai Sajjad , Hashim  , Zaman Maria , Ayaz Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Research on flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluids has gained great significance due to their efficient heat transfer capabilities. In fact, hybrid nanofluids are a novel type of fluid designed to enhance heat transfer rate and have a wide range of engineering and industrial applications. Motivated by this evolution, a theoretical analysis is performed to explore the flow and heat transport characteristics of Cu/Al2O3 hybrid nanofluids driven by a stretching/shrinking geometry. Further, this work focuses on the physical impacts of thermal stratification as well as thermal radiation during hybrid nanofluid flow in the presence of a velocity slip mechanism. The mathematical modelling incorporates the basic conservation laws and Boussinesq approximations. This formulation gives a system of governing partial differential equations which are later reduced into ordinary differential equations via dimensionless variables. An efficient numerical solver, known as bvp4c in MATLAB, is utilized to acquire multiple (upper and lower) numerical solutions in the case of shrinking flow. The computed results are presented in the form of flow and temperature fields. The most significant findings acquired from the current study suggest that multiple solutions exist only in the case of a shrinking surface until a critical/turning point. Moreover, solutions are unavailable beyond this turning point, indicating flow separation. It is found that the fluid temperature has been impressively enhanced by a higher nanoparticle volume fraction for both solutions. On the other hand, the outcomes disclose that the wall shear stress is reduced with higher magnetic field in the case of the second solution. The simulation outcomes are in excellent agreement with earlier research, with a relative error of less than 1%.
Theoretical predictions on α-decay properties of some unknown neutron-deficient actinide nuclei using machine learning *
Authors: Yuan Ziyi , Bai Dong , Ren Zhongzhou , Wang Zhen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neutron-deficient actinide nuclei provide a valuable window to probe heavy nuclear systems with large proton-neutron ratios. In recent years, several new neutron-deficient Uranium and Neptunium isotopes have been observed using α-decay spectroscopy [Z. Y. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 192503 (2019); L. Ma et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 032502 (2020); Z. Y. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 152502 (2021)]. In spite of these achievements, some neutron-deficient key nuclei in this mass region are still unknown in experiments. Machine learning algorithms have been applied successfully in different branches of modern physics. It is interesting to explore their applicability in α-decay studies. In this work, we propose a new model to predict the α-decay energies and half-lives within the framework based on a machine learning algorithm called the Gaussian process. We first calculate the α-decay properties of the new actinide nucleus

. The theoretical results show good agreement with the latest experimental data, which demonstrates the reliability of our model. We further use the model to predict the α-decay properties of some unknown neutron-deficient actinide isotopes and compare the results with traditional models. The results may be useful for future synthesis and identification of these unknown isotopes.
Neutronics for the GEMINI+ HTGR
Authors: Kuijper J C , Muszynski D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Literally at the heart of the Euratom Horizon 2020 project GEMINI+ are the core neutronics (design) calculations. For these calculations on a relatively small (180 MWth) prismatic HTGR with cylindrical core, the 3-D monte-carlo particle transport and depletion code SERPENT version 2 (VTT, Finland) was selected, the main reasons being the flexibility and versatility of this code. This enables the modelling of all relevant details of the reactor without unnecessary approximations. A particularly useful feature of the SERPENT code is the multiphysics input capability. This allows to map a temperature field over the defined geometry, enabling the calculation of converged power and temperature distribution by means of iteration and data exchange between SERPENT and a (steady-state) thermal- hydraulics code. In this particular case the SPECTRA code (NRG, The Netherlands) was used to provide the temperature distribution. 4 to 5 iterations are sufficient to reach simultaneously converged distributions for power and temperature. The paper gives an overview of the performed analyses for the current (June 2020) design of the GEMINI+ HTGR, and results thereof. Neutronics features seem quite promising, but further improvements and therefore further investigations would be desirable.
Wind-blown dust and its impacts on particulate matter pollution in Northern China: current and future scenarios
Authors: Liu Song , Xing Jia , Sahu Shovan Kumar , Liu Xiliang , Liu Shuchang , Jiang Yueqi , Zhang Hongliang , Li Siwei , Ding Dian , Chang Xing , Wang Shuxiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Northern China experienced two intense dust storms in March 2021, leading to reduced visibility and excessive particulate pollution. Understanding the cause of such extreme phenomena is important for further prevention. This study successfully reproduced the extreme dust storms using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model with refined bulk density of different soil types and improved spatial resolution. The wind-blown PM2.5 and PM10 are estimated to be around 15 and 120 μg m−3 in dust source areas (equal 9.6% and 31.0% in average of China), resulting in 1.1 and 2.0 times increases in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in populated regions of the Middle Yellow River Basin and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. The critical threshold friction velocity is the key parameter to judge whether wind-blown dust occurs. Dust flux is sensitive to the bulk soil density (increased by 4.2% and 12.6% for PM2.5 and PM10 after refined soil bulk density) and resolution (increased by 13.5% and 3.5% for PM2.5 and PM10 from 27 km to 9 km). Such results demonstrated the strong correlation between wind speed, frequency, and intensity of dust phenomena from 2013 to 2021. The wind speed can be further enhanced in dust source areas even in the context of a decline in the national average, leading to more frequent and persistent dust storms in March 2050. Only relying on coordinated emission reductions to mitigate climate change, wind-blown dust in northern China still poses considerable potential risks to air quality. Urgent actions should also be taken to improve land-use and land-cover to reduce the area of dust sources.