bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYP-5 regulates meiotic thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Qiuchen , Nie Hui , Zhang Fengguo , Fu Tingting , Zhang Zhenguo , Qi Feifei , Wang Ruoxi , Zhou Jun , Gao Jinmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Meiosis produces the haploid gametes required by all sexually reproducing organisms, occurring in specific temperature ranges in different organisms. However, how meiotic thermotolerance is regulated remains largely unknown. Using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, here, we identified the synaptonemal complex (SC) protein SYP-5 as a critical regulator of meiotic thermotolerance. syp-5-null mutants maintained a high percentage of viable progeny at 20°C but produced significantly fewer viable progeny at 25°C, a permissive temperature in wild-type worms. Cytological analysis of meiotic events in the mutants revealed that while SC assembly and disassembly, as well as DNA double-strand break repair kinetics, were not affected by the elevated temperature, crossover designation, and bivalent formation were significantly affected. More severe homolog segregation errors were also observed at elevated temperature. A temperature switching assay revealed that late meiotic prophase events were not temperature-sensitive and that meiotic defects during pachytene stage were responsible for the reduced viability of syp-5 mutants at the elevated temperature. Moreover, SC polycomplex formation and hexanediol sensitivity analysis suggested that SYP-5 was required for the normal properties of the SC, and charge-interacting elements in SC components were involved in regulating meiotic thermotolerance. Together, these findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for meiotic thermotolerance regulation.
The use of gauze-based negative-pressure wound therapy with Y-connector for dressing full-circumference skin grafts on both lower limbs
Authors: Fukui Michika , Kakudo Natsuko , Hihara Masakatsu , Mitsui Toshihito , Matsuoka Yuki , Kuro Atsuyuki , Kusumoto Kenji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Free skin grafts have long been used as an essential surgical procedure to treat skin defects due to burns, trauma or illness, requiring skin transfers from sufficient, non-marked areas. Usually, free skin grafts are covered by simple pressure dressings or tie-over dressings. However, under conditions of wide, concave or irregular wounds, graft removal has been problematic due to instability. We report a case in which gauze-based negative-pressure wound therapy using a Y-connector was indicated for the opportunity to cover both limbs with free skin grafts all around, providing successful wound care.
Classifying cephalosporins: from generation to cross-reactivity
Authors: Fernandez Javier , Jimenez-Rodriguez Teodorikez W. , Blanca-Lopez Natalia 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
To review the most recent literature studying the classifications, immunochemistry, and crossreactivity of allergy reactions to cephalosporins.

Recent findings
Over the last five years, research interest has focused on three areas related to cephalosporin allergy: cross-reactivity among cephalosporins and with other beta-lactams; the incidence of adverse reactions in penicillin allergy patients or in reported penicillin allergy labels; and new cephalosporins structures involved in the immunological recognition.

Summary
Meta-analysis of a substantial number of studies shows that cephalosporins are safer than previously thought. Evidence supports two main conclusions in that regard. First, there is a relatively low percentage of cross-reactivity between cephalosporins and other beta-lactams with penicillins in penicillin allergy patients. Second, there is a very low incidence of allergy reactions in nonselected as well as in selected penicillin allergy patients when cephalosporins are used prior to surgical intervention.
On the other hand, few structures have been discovered related to the immune mechanism of cephalosporin allergy reactions, and these are far from being ready to use in clinical practice.
Optimizing Graft Extraction From the Femoral Condyle for Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Treating Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum: Best Fit Based on Radius of Curvature
Authors: Goldstein Zachary T. , Thompson Austin R. , Robbins Michael A. , Yang Scott S. , Nazir Omar F. , Mirarchi Adam J. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a common cause of pain and dysfunction in adolescents that engage in repetitive elbow loading. For large, unstable lesions fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation (FOCAT) from the femoral condyle has been described as an effective treatment. Current practice involves significant guesswork in obtaining an appropriately sized graft, with anatomic variations resulting in poor graft fit. No studies currently exist that analyze and identify the best distal femur FOCAT graft site to repair OCD lesions of the capitellum based on the radius of curvature (ROC) and simulated matching.

Methods:
Computed tomography scans of the elbow were used to estimate the subchondral bone ROC of capitella in adolescents aged 11 to 21 years. The capitellar location used corresponds to the most commonly reported site of OCD lesions in the elbow. Computed tomography scans of the lower extremity were used to estimate the subchondral bone ROC of 4 potential donor femoral condyle grafts. ROC from distinct regions at the posterior section of both the medial and lateral femoral condyles were measured: 2 areas representing 10 mm grafts from the center (MC1 and LC1), and 2 areas estimating 10 mm grafts posterior and adjacent to the physeal scar (MC2 and LC2). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability measurements were preformed to corroborate precision and validate the method.

Results:
The mean ROC of healthy subchondral bone at the region of the capitellum were OCD lesions most commonly occur was 9.79±1.39 mm. The mean ROC of MC1 was 18.61±2.26 mm. The average ROC of the MC2 was 15.23±1.43 mm. The average ROC of LC1 was 16.47±1.34 mm. The average ROC of LC2 was 18.19±3.09 mm. After 15,000 simulated condyle-to-capitellar site matchings based on these measurements, a good fit graft was achieved at a frequency of 15%.

Discussion:
No site measured from the femoral condyle demonstrated a subchondral ROC that exactly matched the subchondral ROC of the capitellum at the center location where OCD lesions most commonly occur; of the locations measured, a 10 mm section from MC2 demonstrated the closest match. On the basis of this analysis, extracting a graft from MC2 has the potential to further optimize FOCAT fit to the capitellum.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Leaders of the Pack: A Comparison of Chairs and Chiefs to Other Surgeons in American Academic Plastic Surgery
Authors: Mellia Joseph A. , Murphy Alexander I. , Klifto Kevin M. , Diatta Fortunay , Morris Martin P. , Patel Viren , Othman Sammy , Christopher Adrienne N. , Fischer John P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chairs/chiefs of plastic surgery departments/divisions are responsible for directing activities at academic institutions and thus help determine the direction of academic plastic surgery. Other studies have characterized this group but have not shown which characteristics separate them from other surgeons in the field. To study this relationship, a cross-sectional analysis of plastic surgery faculty affiliated with United States residency training programs (n = 99) was initiated. Data were collected from public online websites. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors independently associated with chairs/chief status. Sub-analyses were performed within Tiers stratified by residency program rank of chair/chief's current institution. Among 943 plastic surgeons, 98 chairs/chiefs were identified. In accordance with prior literature, most are male (89%) and fellowship-trained (62%), and they have a median H-index of 17. Compared to other surgeons, chair/chiefs have more years in practice (odds ratio [OR]: 1.026, confidence interval [CI]: 0.002–0.049, P = 0.034), higher H-index (OR: 1.103, CI: 0.048–0.147, P < 0.001), and more citations (OR: 1.000, CI: −0.000 to −0.001, P = 0.006). Chair/chiefs were also more likely to be journal editorial board members (OR: 1.728, CI: −0.033 to 1.127, P = 0.046) and national society/organization presidents (OR: 1.024, CI: 0.008–0.039, P = 0.003). No notable differences were found between department chairs versus division chiefs or across Tiers. Overall, scholarly achievement and significant years of experience distinguish chairs/chiefs in American academic plastic surgery. Criteria for achieving this leadership role may not differ between departments and divisions. Further research is needed to evaluate whether these characteristics translate into more effective leadership.
Primary Nasal Correction in Unilateral Cleft Lip: An Ongoing Journey
Authors: Madaree Anil 
Published: June 2021

Background:
A cleft lip deformity, whether unilateral or bilateral, is usually associated with a deformity of the nose. In present day cleft surgery, it is routine to perform a varying extent of correction of the nasal deformity. There is often relapse and ongoing deformity which warrant further nasal surgery. The authors describe their method of nasal correction which includes using a hypodermic needle to help achieve repositioning and suspension of the nasal cartilages.

Materials and Method:
The authors reviewed 100 consecutive cases of unilateral cleft lip who had nasal correction since June 2018. There were 59 males and 41 females with a mean age of 5.5 months. There were 72 complete and 28 incomplete cleft lips. The steps in nasal correction include septal repositioning, sutures to approximate the ala domes, and upper medial crura, suspension of the lower lateral cartilage to the upper lateral cartilage and sutures to approximate the skin, lower lateral cartilage, and mucosa in a sandwich fashion.

Results:
The patients were followed up for a range of 9 to 21 months with a mean of 18 months. The correction immediately postop and at 2 weeks follow up was good. However, at 1 year follow up there was some evidence of relapse. The correction achieved was, however, superior to that achieved before this method. None of the relapses were deemed severe enough to warrant further surgery at this stage.

Conclusions:
This method of nasal correction is recommended to achieve superior outcomes in the surgical treatment of unilateral cleft lips.
Clarity Plus™ digital PCR: A novel platform for absolute quantification of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Han Tan Shawn Yi , Milton Kwek Sheng Yi , Low Huiyu , Joy Pang Yan Ling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the usage of digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) for various clinical applications has increased exponentially. Considering the growing demand for improved dPCR technology, the Clarity Plus™ dPCR system which features enhanced multiplexing capability and a wider dynamic range for nucleic acid analysis was recently launched. In this study, a dPCR assay optimized for use on Clarity Plus™ was evaluated for the absolute quantification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The assay demonstrated good inter- and intra-assay precision, accuracy, as well as excellent linearity across a range of over 6 orders of magnitude for target gene quantification. In addition, comparison of the assay on both dPCR and qPCR platforms revealed that dPCR exhibited a slightly higher sensitivity compared to its qPCR counterpart when quantifying SARS-CoV-2 at a lower concentration. Overall, the results showed that the dPCR assay is a reliable and effective approach for the absolute quantification of SARS-CoV-2 and can potentially be adopted as a molecular tool for detecting low viral load in patients and wastewater surveillance of COVID-19.
How is the distribution of psychological distress changing over time? Who is driving these changes? Analysis of the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts
Authors: Gondek Dawid , Lacey Rebecca E. , Blanchflower Dawid G. , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe main objective of this study was to investigate distributional shifts underlying observed age and cohort differences in mean levels of psychological distress in the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts.MethodsThis study used data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and 1970 British birth cohort (n=24,707). Psychological distress was measured by the Malaise Inventory at ages 23, 33, 42 and 50 in the 1958 cohort and 26, 34, 42 and 46-48 in the 1970 cohort.ResultsThe shifts in the distribution across age appear to be mainly due to changing proportion of those with moderate symptoms, except for midlife (age 42-50) when we observed polarisation in distress – increased proportions of people with no or multiple symptoms. The elevated levels of distress in the 1970 cohort, compared with the 1958 cohort, appeared to be due to an increase in the proportion of individuals with both moderate and high symptoms. For instance, at age 33/34 34.2% experienced no symptoms in 1970 compared with 54.0% in the 1958 cohort, whereas 42.3% endorsed at least two symptoms in the 1970 cohort vs 24.7% in 1958.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the importance of studying not only mean levels of distress over time, but also the underlying shifts in its distribution. Due to the large dispersion of distress scores at any given measurement occasion, understanding the underlying distribution provides a more complete picture of population trends.
DNA methylation fingerprint for the diagnosis and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma from tissue and liquid biopsies
Authors: Gonçalves Emanuel , Reis Maria , Pereira-Leal José B , Cardoso Joana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is amongst the cancers with highest mortality rates and is the most common malignancy of the liver. Early detection is vital to provide the best treatment possible and liquid biopsies combined with analysis of circulating tumour DNA methylation show great promise as a non-invasive approach for early cancer diagnosis and monitoring with low false negative rates.MethodsTo identify reliable diagnostic biomarkers of early HCC, we performed a systematic analysis of multiple hepatocellular studies and datasets comprising >1,500 genome-wide DNA methylation arrays, to define a methylation signature predictive of HCC in both tissue and cell-free DNA liquid biopsy samples.ResultsOur machine learning pipeline identified differentially methylated regions in HCC, some associated with transcriptional repression of genes related with cancer progression, that benchmarked positively against independent methylation signatures. Combining our signature of 38 DNA methylation regions, we derived a HCC detection score which confirmed the utility of our approach by identifying in an independent dataset 96% of HCC tissue samples with a precision of 98%, and most importantly successfully separated cfDNA of tumour samples from healthy controls. Notably, our risk score could identify cell-free DNA samples from patients with other tumours, including colorectal cancer.ConclusionsTaken together, we propose a comprehensive HCC DNA methylation fingerprint and an associated risk score for the early diagnosis and early relapse detection of HCC from liquid biopsies.
Genome-wide identification and analysis of prognostic features in human cancers
Authors: Smith Joan C. , Sheltzer Jason M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClinical decisions in cancer rely on precisely assessing patient risk. To improve our ability to accurately identify the most aggressive malignancies, we constructed genome-wide survival models using gene expression, copy number, methylation, and mutation data from 10,884 patients with known clinical outcomes. We identified more than 100,000 significant prognostic biomarkers and demonstrate that these genomic features can predict patient outcomes in clinically-ambiguous situations. While adverse biomarkers are commonly believed to represent cancer driver genes and promising therapeutic targets, we show that cancer features associated with shorter survival times are not enriched for either oncogenes or for successful drug targets. Instead, the strongest adverse biomarkers represent widely-expressed housekeeping genes with roles in cell cycle progression, and, correspondingly, nearly all therapies directed against these features have failed in clinical trials. In total, our analysis establishes a rich resource for prognostic biomarker analysis and clarifies the use of patient survival data in preclinical cancer research and therapeutic development.
Genome sequence of the aurodox-producing bacterium Streptomyces goldiniensis ATCC 21386
Authors: McHugh Rebecca E. , Munnoch John T. , Roe Andrew J , Hoskisson Paul A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the genome sequence of Streptomyces goldiniensis ATCC 21386, a strain which produces the anti-bacterial and anti-virulence polyketide, aurodox. The genome of S. goldiniensis ATCC 21386 was sequenced using a multiplatform hybrid approach, revealing a linear genome of ~10 Mbp with a G+C content of 71 %. The genome sequence revealed 36 putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including a large region of 271 Kbp that was rich in biosynthetic capability. The genome sequence is deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank with the accession number PRJNA602141.
Defining the activation profile and fate trajectory of adult Scleraxis-lineage cells during tendon healing by combining lineage tracing and spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Ackerman Jessica E. , Best Katherine T. , Muscat Samantha N. , Wu Chia-Lung , Loiselle Alayna E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe tendon healing process is regulated by the coordinated interaction of multiple cell types and molecular processes. However, these processes are not well-defined leading to a paucity of therapeutic approaches to enhance tendon healing. Scleraxis-lineage (ScxLin) cells are the major cellular component of adult tendon and make time-dependent contributions to the healing process. Prior work from our lab and others suggests heterogeneity within the broader ScxLin population over the course of tendon healing; therefore delineating the temporal and spatial contributions of these cells is critical to understanding and improving the healing process. In the present study we utilize lineage tracing of the adult aScxLin population to determine whether these cells undergo cellular activation and subsequent myofibroblast differentiation, which is associated with both proper healing and fibrotic progression in many tissues. We show that adult aScxLin cells undergo transient activation in the organized cellular bridge at the tendon repair site, contribute to the formation of an organized neotendon, and contribute to a persistent myofibroblast population in the native tendon stubs. The mechanisms dictating this highly specialized spatial response are unknown. We therefore utilized spatial transcriptomics to better define the spatio-molecular program of tendon healing. Integrated transcriptomic analyses across the healing time-course identifies five distinct molecular regions, including key interactions between the inflammatory bridging tissue and highly reactive tendon tissue at the repair site, with adult ScxLin cells being a central player in the transition from native tendon to reactive, remodeling tendon. Collectively, these data provide important insights into both the role of adult ScxLin cells during healing as well as the molecular mechanisms that underpin and coordinate the temporal and spatial healing phenotype, which can be leveraged to enhance the healing process.
The virtual human resource development (VHRD) approach: an integrative literature review
Authors: Rahimi Somaye , Khorasani Abasalt , Rezaeizadeh Morteza , Waterworth John 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Given the growing popularity of virtual human resources development (VHRD) in organizations and among human resource development (HRD) professionals, it is highly essential to deeply examine the nature and scope of the affective dimensions of the VHRD approach. Over the past decade, VHRD has become an important part of the HRD process.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study used an integrative literature review to investigate the nature of VHRD in the literature, present a descriptive analysis of the literature and categorize the existing VHRD research.

Findings
The results indicated three major themes, namely, VHRD and socialization, VHRD and learning and VHRD and the psychological characteristics of the work environment. In addition, a new conceptual model was developed based on the findings.

Research limitations/implications
This study has reviewed the main concepts of VHRD. The potential actions which HRD researchers can take to address the identified challenges are discussed.

Originality/value
This integrative literature review could provide a roadmap for future research. Based on this model, the VHRD position is within the organizational context and different tools and processes in constant interaction are introduced. Finally, a general view of the VHRD approach was provided, which can help human resources experts deal with a wide range of technologies in the organization.
Improving regulatory capital allocation: a case for the internal ratings-based approach for retail credit risk exposures
Authors: Stewart Robert 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach provides more effective risk discrimination than the standardized approach when calculating regulatory capital for retail credit risk exposures.

Design/methodology/approach
The author uses four retail credit data sets to compare regulatory capital appropriation using the IRB approach and the standardized approach. The author follows the regulatory capital calculation method recommended under Basel III. For the IRB approach, the author uses a logistic regression to determine the probability of default.

Findings
The results suggest that the IRB approach provides more effective risk discrimination across individual exposures, which allows more regulatory capital to be held against riskier exposures and less regulatory capital to be held against less risky exposures. The author further argues that the Basel III output floor, as presently constructed, may disincentivize the use of the IRB approach and further diminish the value of secured lending under the IRB approach. To address this issue, the author offers two simple adjustments to the current design of the output floor.

Originality/value
While studies have argued the idea of risk-sensitive regulatory capital, the author has not observed any research that empirically compares the risk-sensitivity of regulatory capital across retail credit exposures, which makes up a significant portion of many banks’ credit exposures. This study also highlights what appears to be a major point of concern for the output floor, which is set to be phased in starting January 2022. This is of particular value because this point has not appeared to receive any attention in the literature thus far.