bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient metrics based self‐adaptive design model by multiobjective gray wolf optimization with extreme learning machine for autonomic computing system application
Authors: Tripathi Vijay Kumar , Singh Mayank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutonomic computing refers to the capability of the software system to monitor environmental changes by itself. The primary objective of the proposed approach is to identify the quality of software components concerning complexity metrics. In this article, extreme learning machine (ELM) supported multiobjective gray wolf optimization (MOGWO) is proposed to predict the quality products. The proposed methodology considers four component‐based system metrics such as failure response time, throughput rate, interface surface consistency (ISC) and bounded interface complexity metrics (BICM) to resolve the complexity issues. The ELM is utilized in this article to conduct a prediction in the complexity metrics on the context‐awareness self‐adaptive autonomous system application. MOGWO is then utilized to optimize the cost metric. The evaluation results are compared with the existing approaches such as ELM, ANN, and ANN‐GWO. From the simulations, the overall accuracy rate of the prediction model is obtained to be 95%.
Comment on “Effects of an oblique magnetic field on sheath formation in the presence of electron emission”
Authors: Costin C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSato et al. have studied the secondary electron emission and the sheath formation in the presence of a magnetic field. The rate of secondary electron inflow has been reported for two angular distributions of the secondary electrons: cosine and isotropic. While the cosine distribution has been correctly implemented, the isotropic one has been misdefined, leading to defective results. The present comment discusses the difference between the isotropic and false isotropic distributions and compares the subsequent results.
Physical Activity at Growth Induces Bone Mass Benefits Into Adulthood – A Fifteen‐Year Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Rosengren Björn E , Rempe Jakob , Jehpsson Lars , Dencker Magnus , Karlsson Magnus K 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTDaily school physical activity (PA) improves musculoskeletal traits. Whether or not benefits remain in adulthood is debated. We included in this study 131 children that took part in an intervention with 40 minutes of PA per school day (200 minutes per week) from age 6 to 9 years (grade one) to age 14 to 16 years (grade nine), whereas 78 children continued with national recommended school physical education of 60 minutes per week. Measurements were done with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (bone mineral content [BMC], bone mineral density [BMD], and bone area), and a computerized knee dynamometer (peak torque muscle strength) at study start, at the end of the intervention, and 7 years after the intervention. Group differences from study start and end of the intervention to 7 years thereafter were estimated by analyses of covariance (adjusted for sex and follow‐up time). Musculoskeletal gains from study start to 7 years after termination of the intervention were higher in the intervention group (total body less head BMC +182.5 g [95% confidence interval {CI}, 55.1–309.9] and BMD +0.03 g/cm2 [95% CI, 0.003–0.05], femoral neck area + 0.2 cm2 [95% CI, 0.1–0.4], and knee flexion peak torque muscle strength at 60 degrees per second +9.2 Nm [95% CI, 2.9–15.5]). There was no attenuation during the 7 years that followed termination of the intervention (all group comparisons p > 0.05). Benefits in musculoskeletal gains remain 7 years after termination of a daily school‐based PA program, without attenuation after termination of the program. Daily school PA may counteract low bone mass and inferior muscle strength in adulthood. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Drug resistance pattern among ART‐naive clients attending an HIV testing and counseling center in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Sezanur , Sarker Md S. , Aralaguppe Shambhu G. , Sarwar Golam , Khan Sharful I. , Rahman Mustafizur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Bangladesh, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is provided without screening drug resistance‐associated mutations (DRM) among people living with HIV, while DRM might emerge and transmit to the newly infected individual. The present study was aimed to identify DRM among ART‐naive clients from an HIV testing and counseling (HTC) center in the initial stages of ART programs. Randomly selected (n = 64) archived plasma samples were used for the pol gene amplification and sequencing by sanger technology. Recovered sequences (n = 10) were genotyped using HIV genotyping tools of NCBI and analyzed using the Stanford University HIV drug resistance database (hivdb.stanford.edu). Various genotypes with a number of DRM were identified in HTC clients, who belonged to different risk groups based on behavioral data. The drug resistance algorithm showed that all samples were fully resistant to tipranavir/ritonavir drugs except for one intermediate resistance. Despite the small sample size, our understanding from this study warrants an ART policy with a DRM monitoring system for the country.
Future projection of extremely hot and precipitation events over Southeast Asian river basins under RCP8.5 scenario
Authors: Nath Reshmita , Luo Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoutheast Asian (SEA) river basins, particularly Huang He, Yangtze and Mekong river basins, are home for large share of global population. The region is experiencing rapid socio‐economic development, urbanization and industrialization. Using Community Earth System Model large ensemble data, seasonal mean surface air temperature (SAT) in summer is projected to increase by ~6°C under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. As a consequence, in the long term (2071–2100), record‐breaking extreme hot and precipitation events are projected to increase by ~90–100% and ~ 60–70%, respectively. The climate mean SAT will increase by 4 ~ 5.5°C by the end of 21st century. Extreme events occur due to the combined influence of external forcing factors and internal variability. The relative strength of both the factors are estimated by signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), that is, the ratio of external forcings and internal variability. Until 2000/1998/2000, SNR < 1 over Huang He/Yangtze/Mekong river basins, that is, internal variability dominates over external forcings, while from 2001/1999/2001 onwards, SNR > 1, that is, external forcings strongly override the internal climate variability. Interestingly, the SAT variability at 50th (mean state) and 95th (record‐breaking hot/wet extreme) percentile will decrease significantly as climate warms in the future. It contradicts the existing hypothesis that as the climate warms in the future, variability will increase and weather will get more volatile everywhere. Interestingly, in our analysis, SAT variability appears to decrease over SEA river basins, which is opposite to the current understanding. It makes the result a novel one. We analyse the temperature–precipitation relationship under RCP8.5 scenario, which displays a peak‐shaped structure, that is, precipitation is increasing at low–mid‐range of temperature rise, while it decreases at higher temperatures.
Photosynthesis of winter wheat effectively reflected multiple physiological responses under short‐term drought–rewatering conditions
Authors: Mu Qing , Dong Mengqi , Xu Jiatun , Cao Yuxin , Ding Yibo , Sun Shikun , Cai Huanjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBased on the interrelationship among photosynthesis (Pn), water consumption and drought resistance physiology under water changes, this study aimed to explore whether easily measured Pn could be used to reflect the physiological state of winter wheat and soil moisture. The study was a greenhouse pot experiment, with three growth periods and four gradients of moisture.RESULTSThe instantaneous water use efficiency of wheat improved significantly under short‐term regulated deficit irrigation conditions. The photosynthetic parameters could effectively reflect the level of soil moisture (receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, area under the curve = 0.683–0.988). There was a significant correlation between Pn and yield under drought and rewatering (P < 0.05). The water consumption of winter wheat was significantly reduced by 15.5% to 47.6% (P < 0.05) during drought owing to the reduction of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate (Tr). There was a significant linear relationship between Tr and daily water consumption (R2 > 0.745, P< 0.05). There was a significant quadratic linear relationship (R2 > 0.600, P < 0.05) between Pn and the drought resistance indicators. The protective effect of drought resistance physiology on Pn was more significant during drought than during rewatering. Among the four physiological indicators of drought resistance, the relationship between peroxidase activity and Pn was relatively close (grey relational analysis, GRO = 1).CONCLUSIONSThe photosynthetic parameters during conditions of short‐term water changes could effectively reflect the status of soil moisture, water consumption, yield and drought resistance. A focus on Pn and the rational use of related relationships are conducive to the selection of drought‐resistant varieties and developing refined agricultural management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Idiopathic recurrent serositis—Off the beaten track
Authors: Roy Melanie Trishna Hui Min , Loh Chee Hong , Sriranganathan Melonie , Takano Pena Angela Maria , Raghuram Jagadesan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 63‐year‐old female presented with chest pain and fever, and was found to have recurrent pleuropericardial effusions. Extensive investigations including infection screen and serologies, autoimmune screen and pleural and pericardial biopsy revealed no secondary aetiologies. She was diagnosed with idiopathic recurrent serositis (IRS). Our patient developed rash to naproxen, so she was started on colchicine monotherapy and responded well clinically. A review of the literature demonstrated that pleuropericardial effusions are rare occurrences, with patients occasionally being perceived as a medical enigma. This case study recommends an approach to guide physicians in their diagnosis and management of patients with pleuropericardial syndrome. Our case had an inflammatory phenotype, either autoimmune or seronegative serositis of unclear aetiology, which was recurrent and required pharmacological treatment. While the treatment for IRS lies in combined therapy with Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine, monotherapy with colchicine was effective in the treatment and preventing recurrence in our unique case.
Estimating the optimal timing of surgery by imputing potential outcomes
Authors: Chen Xiaofei , Heitjan Daniel F. , Greil Gerald , Jeon‐Slaughter Haekyung 
Published: October 2021

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a congenital anomaly that is uniformly fatal in infancy without immediate treatment. The standard treatment consists of an initial Norwood procedure (stage 1) followed some months later by stage 2 palliation (S2P). The ideal timing of the S2P is uncertain. The Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial (SVRT) randomized the procedure used in the initial Norwood operation, leaving the timing of the S2P to the discretion of the surgical team. To estimate the causal effect of the timing of S2P, we propose to impute the potential post‐S2P survival outcomes using statistical models under the Rubin Causal Model framework. With this approach, it is straightforward to estimate the causal effect of S2P timing on post‐S2P survival by directly comparing the imputed potential outcomes. Specifically, we consider a lognormal model and a restricted cubic spline model, evaluating their performance in Monte Carlo studies. When applied to the SVRT data, the models give somewhat different imputed values, but both support the conclusion that the optimal time for the S2P is at 6 months after the Norwood procedure.
Who deviates? Technological opportunities, career concern, and inventor's distant search
Authors: Tandon Vivek , Toh Puay Khoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWhy do inventors facing similar feedback from the technological environment differ in their propensity to search locally or distantly? Problem‐driven decision calculus tends not to sufficiently explain such heterogeneity. We instead examine the individual inventor's calculus surrounding career concern. We propose that with reduced technological opportunities in her local domains, the ensuing career concern induces her to search distantly. This response is attenuated when career concern is less salient—she is relatively productive within the firm or is a star—or when opportunity cost of response is higher—she has more firm‐specific experience or interdependent knowledge. Data from the US electronic industry support our propositions. Findings help explain differential search in response to common problems and illustrate how personal interest intermingles with problem‐driven feedback driving search.Managerial SummaryA firm relies heavily on its inventors' search for new, distant technologies to stay on technological frontiers. Faced with technological decline, which of its inventors will engage in this distant search? We bring inventors' career concern into consideration and use data from the US electronic industry to show that, counterintuitively, it is the relatively less‐productive, nonstar inventors with less firm‐specific inventive experience or less interdependence with the rest of the firm's technologies that will more likely engage in distant search. This stresses that managers, in trying to comprehend their inventors' behavior and mindsets, must go beyond understanding how inventors interpret technological problems they are trying to solve, to also consider these inventors' personal concerns which will affect the way they search.
Stahlhohlprofile höherfest oder wetterfest nach EN 10210‐3/EN 10219‐3
Authors: Straetmans Boris , Bach Kirstin , Briefs Günter , Höhler Susanne , Löbbe Hendrik , Müller Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHochfeste Stähle bis zu 960 MPa Mindeststreckgrenze sowie wetterfeste Stähle werden insbesondere als Bleche und kreisförmige Hohlprofile seit Jahrzehnten gefertigt und finden im Maschinenbau bereits verbreitet Anwendung. Nun ist erstmals eine umfassende Definition solcher Stähle für kreisförmige und eckige Hohlprofile in einem separaten Normteil verfügbar. Dieser Bericht fasst wesentliche Erweiterungen und Definitionen zusammen und gibt einen Gesamtüberblick über solche Werkstoffe und deren typische Verfügbarkeit.
Partial rupture of the biceps tendon with concurrent septic arthritis of the shoulder joint in a dog
Authors: Gander Soares Diana , Hughes Jonathan , Radke Heidi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old, male‐neutered, Cockapoo presented for rapidly deteriorating non‐weight bearing (5/5) left thoracic lameness with poorly localised severe pain. Based on physical examination, advanced diagnostic imaging and cytology of joint fluid, a diagnosis was made of left partial biceps tendon rupture with presumptive secondary bacterial infectious arthritis of the left shoulder. No obvious source of bacteraemia was found. Initial treatment with intravenous antibiotics and multimodal analgesia for 48 hours led to rapid improvement of the clinical signs. Following seven weeks of oral antibiotic therapy, at clinical reassessment, the clinical signs had steadily improved with persistent mild left forelimb lameness (1/5). Ultrasound examination revealed signs of left biceps tendon healing. Fifteen weeks after initial presentation, the patient had no lameness or pain and had returned to normal exercise levels as reported by the owner.
The Shifting Legitimacies of Price Measurements: Official Statistics and the Quantification of Pwofitasyon in the 2009 Social Struggle in Guadeloupe
Authors: Samuel Boris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2009, Guadeloupe experienced a historic 44 day-long strike against the high cost of living. The union-led collective (LKP) leading the strike used calculations and figures as a weapon to prove that players holding dominant market positions captured undue profits (“pwofitasyon”). Also, official price indexes were subjected to radical political criticism by the LKP actors. Yet, by using averages, these calculations could not account for the existence of individual abusive prices. The “statactivistic” momentum resulted in a shift of the legitimate price measurement methods. Calculation was, however, also the collective’s Achilles heel. LKP members’ use of numbers established only a temporary favourable balance of power in the negotiations. It was not enough for them to compete with the state’s calculative skills on an equal basis.
Free from Numbers? The Politics of Qualitative Sociology in the U.S. Since 1945
Authors: Didier Emmanuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a world that is said to be more and more filled with quantities, this paper focuses on the practices and reasons of people refusing quantities; people who want to purify their world from numbers. It uses the history of qualitative sociology as an example and shows how actors refused the quantitative for political or ethical reasons. But they opposed only a certain set of qualitative methods—especially the statistical survey—, which they associated with certain political “demons” (the State, the Army, Bureaucracy), but not the quantitative in general. On the contrary, even qualitative sociologists who opposed surveys did make room for other ways of using numbers, which are very different, often very original and surprising (including social studies of data, data gleanings, conceptual canvasing).
Creating a Socialist Society and Quantification in the USSR
Authors: Mespoulet Martine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen it came to power, the Bolshevik government based the legitimacy of its action on the scientific nature of its decisions, figures being a core element. Political decisions were to be based on science, for the well-being of everyone and the fulfilment of the communist plan to create a new society and human being. Statistics, an information and decision-support tool, became now also an instrument of power to prove the soundness of state action. This raised severe tensions and repression, between statisticians following recommendations of international statistics congresses, and the new government. For the duty of statisticians was to formulate a new theory of statistics and new methods and tools. Characterizing some of these, the chapter carves out the specific nature of the Soviet Union.
Do Performance Indicators Improve the Effectiveness of Development Aid?
Authors: Sidibé Ousmane Oumarou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInspired by benchmarking techniques, performance indicators have now become essential criteria for measuring the effectiveness of public policies, based on quantitative objectives, in the context of Results Based Management (RBM). They are increasingly used by international donors to guide the delivery of aid to Third World countries. This article attempts to highlight the role of these performance indicators in disrupting public policies in Africa. It highlights their perverse effects, re-examines the meaning of indicator-based management, and rests on the question of the autonomy of countries receiving aid in the conduct of their public policies.
A CFT distance conjecture
Authors: Perlmutter Eric , Rastelli Leonardo , Vafa Cumrun , Valenzuela Irene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe formulate a series of conjectures relating the geometry of conformal manifolds to the spectrum of local operators in conformal field theories ind >2 spacetime dimensions. We focus on conformal manifolds with limiting points at infinite distance with respect to the Zamolodchikov metric. Our central conjecture is that all theories at infinite distance possess an emergent higher-spin symmetry, generated by an infinite tower of currents whose anomalous dimensions vanish exponentially in the distance. Stated geometrically, the diameter of a non-compact conformal manifold must diverge logarithmically in the higher-spin gap. In the holographic context our conjectures are related to the Distance Conjecture in the swampland program. Interpreted gravitationally, they imply that approaching infinite distance in moduli space at fixed AdS radius, a tower of higher-spin fields becomes massless at an exponential rate that is bounded from below in Planck units. We discuss further implications for conformal manifolds of superconformal field theories in three and four dimensions.
Robotic Surgery: At the Crossroads of a Data Explosion
Authors: Singh Tejinder P. , Zaman Jessica , Cutler Jessica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor the last 20 years, controversies in robotic surgery focused on cost reduction, development of new platforms and technologies, creation and validation of curriculum and virtual simulators, and conduction of randomized clinical trials to determine the best applications of robotics [Leal Ghezzi and Campos in World J Surg 40:2550–2557, 2016].MethodsThis review explores the robotic systems which are currently indicated for use or development in gastrointestinal/abdominal surgery. These systems are reviewed and analyzed for clinical impact in these areas. In a MEDLINE search of articles with the search terms abdominal, gastrointestinal, review and robotic surgery, a total of 4306 total articles as of 2021 were assessed. Publicly available information, highest cited articles and reviews were assessed by the authors to determine the most significant regarding clinical outcomes.ResultsDespite this increased number of articles related to robotic surgery, ongoing controversies have led to limitation in the use of current and future robotic surgery platforms [Connelly et al. in J Robotic Surg 14:155–165, 2020]. Newer robotic platforms have limited studies or analysis that would allow meaningful definite conclusions. A multitude of new scenarios are possible due to this limited information.ConclusionRobotic surgery is in evolution to a larger conceptual field of computationally enhanced surgery (CES). Various terms have been used in the literature including computer‐assisted surgery or digital Surgery [Ranev and Teixeira in Surg Clin North Am 100:209–218, 2020]. With the growth of technological changes inherent in CES, the ability to validate these improvements in outcomes will require new metrics and analytic tools. This learning feedback and metric analysis will generate the new opportunities in simulation, training and application [Julian and Smith in Int J Med Robot 15:e2037, 2019].