bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice of Food Hygiene among Food Vendors in Selected Primary Schools within Sokoto Metropolis
Authors: Isah Balarabe A. , Musa Yahaya , Bello Malami M. , Danmadami Abdauaziz M. , Yunusa Edzu. U 
Published: July 2021

Aims: This study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of food hygiene among food vendors in primary schools within Sokoto metropolis.
Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Sokoto metropolis, Northwest Nigeria between June and December 2020.
Methodology: Eighty-seven food handlers were selected from 11 randomly selected primary schools that met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected via the use of interviewer administered questionnaire and observation checklist. and was analyzed using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 23. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and frequencies of the various variables were tabulated.
Results: Eighty-seven (87) food handlers with mean age of 31.95 ± 15.12 years were enrolled, out of this, 93.1% were females and only 6.9% were males. Ninety-two percent of the respondents had good knowledge of food hygiene while 78.2% had good practice and 79.3% had good level of neatness. There was no statistically significant association between the knowledge of food hygiene and any of the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. However, there was statistically significant association between the practice of food hygiene and age category (p-value=0.001) as well as marital status of the respondents (p-value=0.001). There was also statistical significance between the level of neatness of the food handlers and age category (p-value= 0.001), marital status (p-value 0.001) and educational status (p-value 0.001).
Conclusion: Food handlers in primary schools within Sokoto metropolis generally have good knowledge of food hygiene but this was not reflected in their hygiene practices. It is recommended that a massive health education directed at both the general public and food handlers should be provided in such a way that it enables people take necessary steps towards preventing foodborne illnesses.
Consumer Vs Producer Misperception: The Case of French Wine
Authors: Pavlovskaia Elena Fauquet-Alekhine- , Alekhine Philippe Fauquet- 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The study aimed at assessing the similarities and the differences between French wine producers’ perception of Belarusian consumers and the actual behavior of Belarusian consumers.
Study design: Questionnaires filled in individually were used to compare consumers and producers’ perception. The questionnaire was made up of general questions addressing socio-demographic data, the kind of beverage preferred, the frequency of consumption of wine, the type of wine preferred, the origin of the wine preferred (producer country), the price and the criteria for purchasing wine. The aim was to get to know their profiles, their habits regarding purchasing and consuming alcohol and more specifically wine.
Place and Duration of Study: Consumer survey was undertaken in 2018 in Belarus and producers survey was undertaken in 2019 in France.
Methodology: Subjects were all volunteers. Belarussian consumer subjects were healthy (especially no addiction to alcohol, no food disorders) and adult. French participants were experienced producers or novices separated in two sub-samples. Comparison between answers used t-test and z-test.
Results: Producers have a correct representation of the type of wine sought by Belarusian consumers and of the criteria to select it but misperceive who shop for wine and how it is consumed. In addition, French producers imagine their wine to be preferred while it is this of Moldavia.
Conclusion: This may lead the producers to offer the wrong product for the wrong consumer target and contribute to explain why French wines only ranked fourth regarding importation of wine in Belarus while France is the world's leading wine exporter. This also suggests that the teaching program in French wine schools might be adapted.
How Corporate Social Responsibility Can Buffer the Unfavorable Outcomes of the Brand in Crisis: A Mediation Role of Corporate Hypocrisy and Gratitude in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrayees Nouf , Alhidari Abdullah 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The paper aims to clarify the conceptual relationship among CSR, corporate hypocrisy, gratitude, satisfaction with corporate COVID19 response, eWOM, and crisis resiliency. It proposes modelling the influence of CSR in the COVID19 pandemic in buffering customers’ negative behavior via the firm being honest and customers being more appreciative. The study aims to expand the domain of CSR in crises by the mediation effect of the psychological mechanisms: corporate hypocrisy and gratitude on satisfaction with corporate COVID19 response. This study also attempts torede fine CSR incrises. Study design: The paper opted for a conceptual paper based on the situational crisis situation ‘SCCT’ theory and the reciprocity cycle of customer gratitude. Results: The paper provides conceptual insights about how CSR can mitigate customers’ negative behavior or increase their positive behaviors. It suggests that the SCCT theory and the reciprocity cycle of customer gratitude can theoretically explicate the relationships among CSR, corporate hypocrisy, gratitude, satisfaction with corporate COVID19 response, eWOM, and crisis resilience.
Conclusion: This research presents a theoretical explanation on how CSR can mitigate the negative consequences from firms being hypocritic or expand the positive outcomes from customers’ being more grateful during the COVID19 in Saudi Arabia in the telecommunication industry. This paper explains how CSR can buffer the negative effects of crises. Finally, the authors have redefined CSR in difficult situations.
Phase Engineering of Atomically Thin Perovskite Oxide for Highly Active Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Qun , Wu Jiabin , Wu Tao , Jin Hongrun , Zhang Nian , Li Jia , Liang Wenxi , Liu Meilin , Huang Liang , Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUltrathin perovskite oxides with tailored crystal structures are promising catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to their high intrinsic catalytic activity and large exposed active surface area. However, the synthesis of phase‐controllable perovskite oxide nanosheets with thickness down to a few nanometers remains a challenge since the formation of a perovskite phase often requires long‐time calcination at high temperatures. Here, a salt‐templated strategy for fabrication of atomically thin perovskite oxide of LaMnO3 with tailored phase structure for highly active OER catalysts is reported. The orthorhombic structure of LaMnO3 nanosheets demonstrates much higher electrochemical activity than the tetragonal or hexagonal phase and the benchmark IrO2 catalyst, exhibiting extremely small onset overpotential (≈70 mV) and a low overpotential (≈324 mV at 10 mA ) in alkaline solution. The remarkable OER activity of this catalyst is attributed to the desired surface binding energetics (or the unique electronic structures) inherent to the orthorhombic phase, as predicted by density functional theory calculations and confirmed by experimental measurements. Further, it is believed that this study paves a new path toward rational the design of perovskite oxide nanosheets with desired phase structures for many applications.
Universal Platform for Scalable Semiconductor‐Superconductor Nanowire Networks
Authors: Jung Jason , Op het Veld Roy L. M. , Benoist Rik , van der Molen Orson A. H. , Manders Carlo , Verheijen Marcel A. , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSemiconductor‐superconductor hybrids are commonly used in research on topological quantum computation. Traditionally, top‐down approaches involving dry or wet etching are used to define the device geometry. These often aggressive processes risk causing damage to material surfaces, giving rise to scattering sites particularly problematic for quantum applications. Here, a method that maintains the flexibility and scalability of selective area grown nanowire networks while omitting the necessity of etching to create hybrid segments is proposed. Instead, it takes advantage of directional growth methods and uses bottom‐up grown indium phosphide (InP) structures as shadowing objects to obtain selective metal deposition. The ability to lithographically define the position and area of these objects and to grow a predefined height ensures precise control of the shadowed region. The approach by growing indium antimonide nanowire networks with well‐defined aluminium and lead (Pb) islands is demonstrated. Cross‐section cuts of the nanowires reveal a sharp, oxide‐free interface between semiconductor and superconductor. By growing InP structures on both sides of in‐plane nanowires, a combination of platinum and Pb can independently be shadow deposited, enabling a scalable and reproducible in situ device fabrication. The semiconductor‐superconductor nanostructures resulting from this approach are at the forefront of material development for Majorana based experiments.
Robust and High Photoluminescence in WS2 Monolayer through In Situ Defect Engineering
Authors: Cui Qilong , Luo Ziyu , Cui Qirui , Zhu Wen , Shou Hongwei , Wu Chuanqiang , Liu Zhanfeng , Lin Yunxiang , Zhang Pengjun , Wei Shiqiang , Yang Hongxin , Chen Shuangming , Pan Anlian , Song Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) films is often much lower than their mechanically exfoliated counterparts, making the coexistence of large‐area and high PLQY in TMDs monolayer a huge challenge. Here, an in situ defect engineering strategy is reported to fundamentally dilutes the impact of intrinsic sulfur vacancy on tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer. By ingeniously incorporating oxygen atoms in the sulfur vacancy sites of WS2 lattice via the CVD method, oxygen doped WS2 monolayer exhibits remarkably improved optical properties. The PLQY is uniformly enhanced by nearly two orders and can reach up to 9.3%, which is even higher than mechanically exfoliated counterparts. Besides, strong W‐O bonds endow materials with superior environment stability, and the high PLQY could persist with an endurance of up to 3 months under ambient conditions without any protection. More in‐depth insights from the first‐principle calculations illustrate that the enhancement mechanism is the synthetic action of the suppression of nonradiative recombination and conversion from trion to neutral, and the excellent stability arises from repaired saturated coordination bonds at sulfur vacancy sites. This method opens up more possibilities for both fundamental exciton physics and optoelectronics applications.
Formation of 3D Self‐Organized Neuron‐Glial Interface Derived from Neural Stem Cells via Mechano‐Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Tai Youyi , Ico Gerardo , Low Karen , Liu Junze , Jariwala Tanvi , Garcia‐Viramontes David , Lee Kyu Hwan , Myung Nosang V. , Park B. Hyle , Nam Jin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to dissimilarities in genetics and metabolism, current animal models cannot accurately depict human neurological diseases. To develop patient‐specific in vitro neural models, a functional material‐based technology that offers multi‐potent stimuli for enhanced neural tissue development is devised. An electrospun piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) nanofibrous scaffold is systematically optimized to maximize its piezoelectric properties while accommodating the cellular behaviors of neural stem cells. Hydro‐acoustic actuation is elegantly utilized to remotely activate the piezoelectric effect of P(VDF‐TrFE) scaffolds in a physiologically‐safe manner for the generation of cell‐relevant electric potentials. This mechano‐electrical stimulation, which arose from the deflection of the scaffold and its consequent generation of electric charges on the scaffold surface under hydro‐acoustic actuation, induces the multi‐phenotypic differentiation of neural stem cells simultaneously toward neuronal, oligodendrocytic, and astrocytic phenotypes. As compared to the traditional biochemically‐mediated differentiation, the 3D neuron‐glial interface induced by the mechano‐electrical stimulation results in enhanced interactions among cellular components, leading to superior neural connectivity and functionality. These results demonstrate the potential of piezoelectric material‐based technology for developing functional neural tissues in vitro via effective neural stem cell modulation with multi‐faceted regenerative stimuli.
Intrinsic Electron Localization of Metastable MoS2 Boosts Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Lin Gaoxin , Ju Qiangjian , Guo Xiaowei , Zhao Wei , Adimi Samira , Ye Jinyu , Bi Qingyuan , Wang Jiacheng , Yang Minghui , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe advancement of efficient electrocatalysts toward the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is critical in sustainable ammonia synthesis under ambient pressure and temperature. Manipulating the electronic configuration of electrocatalysts is particularly vital to form metal–nitrogen (MN) bonds during the NRR through regulating the active electronic states of sites. Here, in sharp contrast to stable 2H MoS2 without metal chains, MoMo bonding in metastable polymorphs of MoS2 bulk (zigzag chain in the 1T′ phase and diamond chain in the 1T″′ phase) is discovered to significantly increase intrinsic electron localization around the metal chains. This can enhance the charge transfer from the adsorbed nitrogen molecule to the metal chains, allowing for boosted NRR kinetics. The electrochemical experiments show that the NH3 yield rate and the faradaic efficiency of the metastable 1T″′ MoS2 rich with abundant Mo–Mo bonds are about 9 and 12 times above average than those of 2H MoS2, correspondingly. Theoretical simulations reveal the high local electron density surrounding the MoMo chains and sites can promote π back‐donation, which is beneficial for increasing nitrogen adsorption, strengthening the MN bonds, and reducing the cleavage barrier of the triple NN bond.
Sandwich‐Like Encapsulation of a Highly Luminescent Copper(I) Complex
Authors: Matejdes Marián , Stöter Matthias , Czerwieniec Rafał , Leitl Markus , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Schumacher Thorsten , Albert Jonas , Lippitz Markus , Yersin Hartmut , Breu Josef 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA small molecular weight cationic copper(I) complex showing high luminescence quantum yield based on a thermally activated delayed fluorescence mechanism is immobilized between two 1 nm thin silicate layers. Partial ion exchange of the emitter into a synthetic layered silicate (fluorohectorite) yields an ordered heterostructure with two types of strictly alternating interlayers: a monolayer of the cationic emitter and a monolayer of hydrated Na+ cations. Osmotic swelling of the latter produces dispersions of double‐stacks in which the emitter monolayer is encapsulated between two silicate layers. The electrostatic attraction of the emitter interlayer with the oppositely charged silicate layers exerts electrostatic pressure on the emitter. Compared to crystalline salt, rigid confinement for the encapsulated emitter provides improved thermal stability and increased emission quantum yield at ambient temperature. The suspension of delaminated, micrometer‐sized double‐stacks of 3.9 nm thickness allows for easy solution processing of low‐cost optoelectronic devices, such as light‐emitting electrochemical cells and organic light‐emitting diodes.
Luminogens Based on Cyano‐Substituted Anthracene Isomers: Different Molecular Packing and Distinct Piezochromic Properties
Authors: Li Jinyu , Gao Lei , Lu Tong , Feng Zijun , Jiang Dongyan , Du Chunya , Wang Kai , Lu Ping , Zou Bo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPure organic materials with piezochromic property have been intensively studied in recent years. Many examples describe response to both mechanical grinding and hydrostatic pressure, but the examples in realizing high color contrast as well as high sensitivity, especially under high external pressure, are very rare which hampers their practical applications as pressure sensors. Herein, two anthracene‐based structural isomers, NDHA‐p and NDHA‐m, are developed applying 9,10‐bis(diphenylmethylene)‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene (DHA) as the basic skeleton and substituted by four cyano groups on para‐ or meta‐positions of the periphery benzene rings, respectively. In high‐pressure experiment, as compared to the NDHA‐m which shows a color contrast of 60 nm and a sensitivity of 7.87 nm·GPa‐1, NDHA‐p exhibits a dramatically larger color contrast of 138 nm and higher sensitivity of 13.20 nm·GPa‐1, whose performance is among the best pure organic piezochromic materials so far. The systematical experimental and theoretical analyses indicate that NDHA‐p possesses a lower crystal density, relatively looser molecular packing mode, and higher degree of electronic communications than NDHA‐m, which are responsible for the excellent piezochromic performance. This design method will open a new avenue for controlling the molecular packing configuration of luminescent materials via structural isomerization, and further extending their applications.
Understanding the Fundamentals of Microporosity Upgrading in Zeolites: Increasing Diffusion and Catalytic Performances
Authors: Qin Zhengxing , Zeng Shu , Melinte Georgian , Bučko Tomáš , Badawi Michael , Shen Yanfeng , Gilson Jean‐Pierre , Ersen Ovidiu , Wei Yingxu , Liu Zhongmin , Liu Xinmei , Yan Zifeng , Xu Shutao , Valtchev Valentin , Mintova Svetlana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHierarchical zeolites are regarded as promising catalysts due to their well‐developed porosity, increased accessible surface area, and minimal diffusion constraints. Thus far, the focus has been on the creation of mesopores in zeolites, however, little is known about a microporosity upgrading and its effect on the diffusion and catalytic performance. Here the authors show that the “birth” of mesopore formation in faujasite (FAU) type zeolite starts by removing framework T atoms from the sodalite (SOD) cages followed by propagation throughout the crystals. This is evidenced by following the diffusion of xenon (Xe) in the mesoporous FAU zeolite prepared by unbiased leaching with NH4F in comparison to the pristine FAU zeolite. A new diffusion pathway for the Xe in the mesoporous zeolite is proposed. Xenon first penetrates through the opened SOD cages and then diffuses to supercages of the mesoporous zeolite. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that Xe diffusion between SOD cage and supercage occurs only in hierarchical FAU structure with defect‐contained six‐member‐ring separating these two types of cages. The catalytic performance of the mesoporous FAU zeolite further indicates that the upgraded microporosity facilitates the intracrystalline molecular traffic and increases the catalytic performance.
Molecular markers and GGE biplot analysis for selecting higher‐yield and drought‐tolerant maize hybrids
Authors: Sedhom Sedhom A. , El‐Badawy Mahmoud El. M. , Hosary Ahmed A. A. El , Abd El‐Latif Mahmoud S. , Rady Asmaa M. S. , Moustafa Mahmoud M. A. , Mohamed Shereen A. , Badr Omnia A. M. , Abo‐Marzoka Sayed A. , Baiumy Khaled A. , El‐Nahas Marwa M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImproving maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for higher productivity and tolerance to drought stress depends mainly on physiological and molecular markers. Therefore, this study aims at breeding maize for drought tolerance and high potentiality by selection based on molecular markers, photosynthetic parameters; and easy graphic methods that help in selecting elite genotypes across diverse environments. An 8 × 8 half diallel analysis was used at two locations involving drought and normal irrigation treatments to study parental genetic diversity (GD) and combining ability (general combing ability [GCA] and specific combining ability [SCA]) in F1 of maize. Fingerprinting of parents was made using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Fifty‐eight alleles were ranged from two to five alleles per locus with an average of 0.63 alleles per locus. The average of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.63. Cuvette temperature (oc) was lowest by the cross L14 × L36. The cross L8 × L34 expresses the highest value for Quantum sensor (μmol m–2 s–1), net CO2 assimilation rate and chlorophyll content. As for leaf diffusive resistance (LDR) four crosses exhibited significant desirable LDR values. Concerning rate of leaf transpiration (LTR) (μg cm−2 S−1) the cross (L5 × L104) gave the lowest value. Most hybrids exhibited desirable values for drought susceptibility index. For grain yield plant–1, five F1 crosses, that is, L5 × L34, L8 × L14, L8 × L14, L30 × L104, and L36 × L104 expressed the most desirable SCA effects. These crosses are promising in maize breeding programs. Based on GGE biplot analysis, genotype nos. 8 and 10 exhibited the highest grain yield plant−1 and ranked the first across all environments.
The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project: 16 years of program evolution and lessons learned
Authors: Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Travis Dominic A. , Raphael Jane , Kamenya Shadrack , Lipende Iddi , Mwacha Dismas , Collins D. Anthony , Wilson Michael , Mjungu Deus , Murray Carson , Bakuza Jared , Wolf Tiffany M. , Parsons Michele B. , Deere Jessica R. , Lantz Emma , Kinsel Michael J. , Santymire Rachel , Pintea Lilian , Terio Karen A. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Pusey Anne E. , Goodall Jane , Gillespie Thomas R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInfectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to the conservation of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and all threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of wild populations is of the highest priority. In an attempt to understand and mitigate the risk of disease for the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we initiated a long‐term health‐monitoring program in 2004. While the initial focus was to expand the ongoing behavioral research on chimpanzees to include standardized data on clinical signs of health, it soon became evident that the scope of the project would ideally include diagnostic surveillance of pathogens for all primates (including people) and domestic animals, both within and surrounding the National Park. Integration of these data, along with in‐depth post‐mortem examinations, have allowed us to establish baseline health indicators to inform outbreak response. Here, we describe the development and expansion of the Gombe Ecosystem Health project, review major findings from the research and summarize the challenges and lessons learned over the past 16 years. We also highlight future directions and present the opportunities and challenges that remain when implementing studies of ecosystem health in a complex, multispecies environment.
Diversity of transcriptomic microglial phenotypes in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Boche Delphine , Gordon Marcia N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe morphological plasticity of microglia has fascinated neuroscientists for 100 years. Attempts to classify functional phenotypes are hampered by similarities between endogenous brain microglia and peripheral myeloid cells that can enter the brain under pathological conditions. Recent advances in single‐cell ‐omic methodologies have led to an explosion of data regarding gene expression in microglia. Herein, we review the diversity of microglial phenotypes in healthy brains, aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD); identify knowledge gaps in the body of evidence; and suggest areas in which new knowledge would be useful. Data from human samples and mouse models are compared and contrasted. Understanding the molecular complexity of the microglial response repertoire will suggest new avenues for therapeutic treatments in AD.