bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines among children in rural India: A 2-year, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Krishnan Anand , Dar Lalit , Saha Siddhartha , Narayan Venkatesh Vinayak , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Ramesh , Amarchand Ritvik , Dhakad Shivram , Chokker Reshmi , Choudekar Avinash , Gopal Giridara , Choudhary Aashish , Potdar Varsha , Chadha Mandeep , Lafond Kathryn E. , Lindstrom Stephen , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Jain Seema 
Published: April 2021

Background
Influenza is a cause of febrile acute respiratory infection (FARI) in India; however, few influenza vaccine trials have been conducted in India. We assessed absolute and relative efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) among children aged 2 to 10 years in rural India through a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted over 2 years.

Methods and findings
In June 2015, children were randomly allocated to LAIV, IIV, intranasal placebo, or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in a 2:2:1:1 ratio. In June 2016, vaccination was repeated per original allocation. Overall, 3,041 children received LAIV (n = 1,015), IIV (n = 1,010), nasal placebo (n = 507), or IPV (n = 509). Mean age of children was 6.5 years with 20% aged 9 to 10 years.
Through weekly home visits, nasal and throat swabs were collected from children with FARI and tested for influenza virus by polymerase chain reaction. The primary outcome was laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated FARI; vaccine efficacy (VE) was calculated using modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis by Cox proportional hazards model (PH) for each year.
In Year 1, VE was 40.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 25.2 to 51.9) for LAIV and 59.0% (95% CI 47.8 to 67.9) for IIV compared with controls; relative efficacy of LAIV compared with IIV was −46.2% (95% CI −88.9 to −13.1). In Year 2, VE was 51.9% (95% CI 42.0 to 60.1) for LAIV and 49.9% (95% CI 39.2 to 58.7) for IIV; relative efficacy of LAIV compared with IIV was 4.2% (95% CI −19.9 to 23.5). No serious adverse vaccine-attributable events were reported. Study limitations include differing dosage requirements for children between nasal and injectable vaccines (single dose of LAIV versus 2 doses of IIV) in Year 1 and the fact that immunogenicity studies were not conducted.

Conclusions
In this study, we found that LAIV and IIV vaccines were safe and moderately efficacious against influenza virus infection among Indian children.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials Registry of India CTRI/2015/06/005902.
Individual and community-level factors influencing optimal breastfeeding: A multilevel analysis from a national survey study of Ethiopia
Authors: Hagos Amanuel , Tsadik Mache , Belachew Abate Bekele , Tesfahunegn Afewerki 
Published: April 2021

Background
Optimal breastfeeding is critical for healthy growth of the child. Globally, 820,000 children and 20,000 women lost due to in appropriate breastfeeding each year. In Ethiopia, 50,000 children lost related to malnutrition with 18% were due to poor breastfeeding habit. Little is known on the determinants of breastfeeding with hierarchical level. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors influencing optimal breastfeeding among children under six month in Ethiopia using a multilevel analysis.

Methods
The data of this study were obtained from Ethiopian Demographic and health survey conducted from January to June 2016. A total 1,087 children aged 0–5 months were selected using two stage stratified sampling technique. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was done to identify significant explanatory variables. Akaike information criteria were used to select the best model fit. Fixed effect was done to estimate the association between the outcome and explanatory variable and also random effect to measure the variation explained by the higher level.

Result
Among the total of 1,087 children, 45.4% were optimally breastfeed. Children from the richest wealth index (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.53–5.43) was positively associated with optimal breastfeeding but, children aged 4–5 months (AOR = 0.19; 95%CI: 0.12–0.27), children born through cesarean section (AOR = 0.18; 955 CI: 0.07–0.51) and residing in Afar region (AOR = 0.13; 95%CI: 0.02–0.92) were found inversely associated with optimal breastfeeding. The random-effects showed that the variation between communities was statistically significant.

Conclusion
Individual and community level factors play a significant role in shaping optimal breastfeeding. Future strategies and health interventions should be strengthen to target individual and community level factors that enhance optimal breastfeeding.
Geographical variation and factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Sahiledengle Biniyam , Teferu Zinash , Tekalegn Yohannes , Awoke Tadesse , Zenbaba Demisu , Bekele Kebebe , Tesemma Abdi , Seyoum Fikadu , Woldeyohannes Demelash 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundUnsafe disposal of children’s stool makes children susceptible to fecal-oral diseases and children remain vulnerable till the stools of all children are disposed of safely. There is a paucity of data on spatial distribution and factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia. Previous estimates, however, do not include information regarding individual and community-level factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal. Hence, the current study aimed (i) to explore the spatial distribution and (ii) to identify factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted using the recent 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 4145 children aged 0–23 months with their mother were included in this analysis. The Getis-Ord spatial statistical tool was used to identify high and low hotspots areas of unsafe child stool disposal. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant spatial clusters. A multilevel multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal.ResultsUnsafe child stool disposal was spatially clustered in Ethiopia (Moran’s Index = 0.211, p-value< 0.0001), and significant spatial SaTScan clusters of areas with a high rate of unsafe child stool disposal were detected. The most likely primary SaTScan cluster was detected in Tigray, Amhara, Afar (north), and Benishangul-Gumuz (north) regions (LLR: 41.62, p<0.0001). Unsafe child stool disposal is more prevalent among households that had unimproved toilet facility (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.17–2.02) and those with high community poorer level (AOR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.23–2.46). Higher prevalence of unsafe child stool disposal was also found in households with poor wealth quintiles. Children belong to agrarian regions (AOR: 0.62, 95%CI 0.42–0.91), children 6–11 months of age (AOR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52–0.83), 12–17 months of age (AOR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.54–0.86), and 18–23 months of age (AOR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.45–0.75) had lower odds of unsafe child stool disposal.ConclusionsUnsafe child stool disposal was spatially clustered. Higher odds of unsafe child stool disposal were found in households with high community poverty level, poor, unimproved toilet facility, and with the youngest children. Hence, the health authorities could tailor effective child stool management programs to mitigate the inequalities identified in this study. It is also better to consider child stool management intervention in existing sanitation activities considering the identified factors.
Risk communication during COVID-19: A descriptive study on familiarity with, adherence to and trust in the WHO preventive measures
Authors: Varghese Nirosha Elsem , Sabat Iryna , Neumann-Böhme Sebastian , Schreyögg Jonas , Stargardt Tom , Torbica Aleksandra , van Exel Job , Barros Pedro Pita , Brouwer Werner 
Published: April 2021

Background
Risk communication is a key component of public health interventions during an outbreak. As the coronavirus pandemic unfolded in late 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was at the forefront in the development of risk communication strategies. The WHO introduced a range of activities with the purpose of enabling the public to avail verified and timely information on COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Given the various WHO activities to protect the public health during COVID-19, it is important to investigate the extent of familiarity and uptake of the WHO recommendations among the public during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods
To do this, we conducted a large-scale Pan-European survey covering around 7500 individuals that are representative of populations from seven European countries, collected online during April 2-April 15, 2020. We use descriptive statistics including proportions and correlations and graphical representations such as bar charts to analyze and display the data.

Results
Our findings suggest that information from the WHO in the context of COVID-19 is well trusted and acted upon by the public. Overall familiarity and adherence were quite high in most countries. Adherence was higher for social distancing recommendations compared to hygiene measures. Familiarity and adherence were higher among older, female, and highly educated respondents. However, country level heterogeneities were observed in the level of trust in information from the WHO, with countries severely affected by the pandemic reporting lower levels of trust.

Conclusion
Our findings call for efforts from health authorities to get regular feedback from the public on their familiarity and compliance with recommendations for preventive measures at all stages of the pandemic, to further develop and adapt risk communication as the pandemic evolves.
Peran Bifidobakteria dalam Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Alergi serta Gangguan Sistem Imun pada Anak
Authors: Wati Ketut Dewi Kumara , Setiabudiawan Budi 
Published: April 2021

Bifidobakteria berperan dalam dinamika maturasi sistem imun dan memiliki timeline yang terhubung dengan timelinesistem imun. Bifidobakteria membantu pembentukan sistem imun nonspesifik maupun spesifik sedangkan sistem imun membantu pembentukan komposisi bifidobakteria. Bifidobakteria dapat berperan dalam sistem imun karena memiliki banyak enzim yang menunjang kolonisasi, mampu memelihara homeostasis mukosa intestinal, bekerjasama dengan mukus dan SIgA memerangkap patogen, membantu pembentukan SIgA dan IgM, serta meningkatkan survival koloni Treg. Secara klinis, penggunaan bifidobakterium tunggal maupun kombinasi bermanfaat untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan kasus alergi dan gangguan sistem imun. Pemberian bifidobakteria pada dosis 109 colony forming unit satu hingga dua bulan sebelum kelahiran dilanjutkan pemberian pada bayi selama 6 bulan menurunkan kejadian dermatitis atopik. Pemberian bifidobakteria pada bayi prematur memperbaiki profil kolonisasi bifidobakteria, menurunkan kejadian,dan keparahan nerotizing enterocolitis. Pemberian bifidobakteria memperbaiki kualitas hidup rinitis alergi musiman dan asma intermiten, menurunkan skor dermatitis (SCORAD) dan penggunaan steroid pada dermatitis atopik, serta membantu menurunkan berulangnya infeksi saluran nafas pada anak.
Trabalho tradicional em comunidade quilombola
Authors: De Moraes Correia Alves Diórgenes , Bernartt Maria de Lourdes 
Published: April 2021

O artigo tem por finalidade analisar o trabalho tradicional em comunidade quilombola na localidade de Palmas-PR. Assim, em primeiro momento por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, buscou-se compreender quilombola na história social brasileira e sua evolução conceitual. Após a aproximação com a comunidade quilombola em estudo, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com os dirigentes quilombolas para compreender o trabalho tradicional, sua importância e possibilidades. A conclusão encontrada foi que o trabalho tradicional quilombola é uma opção de trabalho não alienado que possibilita meios concretos de preservar a cultura e a identidade quilombola na localidade.
Reform des Weiterbildungsprogramms für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken an der Zentralbibliothek Zürich in Kooperation mit der Universität Zürich
Authors: Oetjens Lena 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Zentralbibliothek Zürich qualifiziert in Kooperation mit der Universität Zürich das Personal in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen. Im Januar 2021 startete der neue Studiengang Datenmanagement und Informationstechnologien. Er zielt auf ein besseres Verständnis von Daten (Data Literacy) ab und vermittelt den Studierenden ein Kontextwissen über den Einsatz von Informationstechnologien im bibliothekarischen Alltag. Der bewährte zweijährige Studiengang Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft wurde ebenfalls reformiert, wobei insbesondere die informationswissenschaftlichen Module stärker profiliert wurden.
Strukturanalyse des mit dem Erweiterten Knotenpunktverfahren formulierten Differential-algebraischen Gleichungssystems
Authors: Huisinga Hauke , Hofmann Lutz 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Differential-algebraische Gleichungssysteme entstehen bei der Modellierung elektrischer Netzwerke. Der sich ergebende Index der Differential-algebraischen Gleichung schränkt die Auswahl der möglichen Lösungsverfahren ein. Dieser Index kann für Verfahren aus der Schaltungssimulation bei speziellen Anforderungen an die Betriebsmittelmodelle und die Topologie a priori bestimmt werden. Die Ergebnisse aus der Schaltungssimulation sollen auf das in der elektrischen Energietechnik eingesetzte Erweiterte Knotenpunktverfahren übertragen werden. Dazu wird eine Strukturanalyse des mit dem Erweiterten Knotenpunktverfahren formulierten Differential-algebraischen Gleichungssystems durchgeführt. Hierbei ergibt sich bei Verwendung der klassischen Betriebsmittelmodelle für die Berechnung von Ausgleichsvorgängen in Elektroenergiesystem ein Index-1 System in Hessenbergform.
Optimization based power system stabilizer tuning
Authors: Panosyan Ara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most cost-effective method to improve the damping of low frequency electromechanical oscillations in interconnected power systems is the use of Power System Stabilizers (PSS), which act as supplementary controllers in the generator excitation system. In general, the performance of a power system stabilizer depends on the proper tuning of its parameters, to ensure a positive contribution to the small signal stability of the power system, without negatively impacting its transient stability. This paper will discuss the different roles of the excitation system automatic voltage regulator and the power system stabilizer in improving the transient stability and the oscillatory stability of the power system. The focus of the paper will be on the tuning methodology for power system stabilizers, which can ensure a robust performance of the PSS over a wide range of frequencies and operating conditions. In addition, mathematical optimization techniques will be introduced into the tuning process to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the tuning process.
Vom „Dritten Ort“ zur „Dritten Mission“: Überlegungen zu Gegenwart und Zukunft digitaler Veranstaltungen von Bibliotheken
Authors: Tuschling-Langewand Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Bedeutung der Bibliothek als „Dritter Ort“ nimmt ab, weil Kontaktbeschränkungen die Nutzung des physischen Raums einschränken. An die Stelle des „Dritten Ortes“ tritt die „Dritte Mission“, also der Transfer von wissenschaftlichen Innovationen, Weiterbildungsangeboten und sozialem Engagement in die Gesellschaft. Digitale Veranstaltungsarbeit trägt maßgeblich zur „Dritten Mission“ der Trägerinstitution bei. Digitale Formate steigern die Besucherzahlen, erhöhen die Reichweite und verbessern Barrierefreiheit und Diversität kultureller Events. Bibliotheken sollten regelmäßig digitale Kulturveranstaltungen anbieten, um ihre „Dritte Mission“ zu verwirklichen.
Higher-page Bott–Chern and Aeppli cohomologies and applications
Authors: Popovici Dan , Stelzig Jonas , Ugarte Luis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For every positive integer r, we introduce two new cohomologies,
that we call

E
r

{E_{r}}

-Bott–Chern and

E
r

{E_{r}}

-Aeppli, on compact complex manifolds. When

r
=
1

{r\kern-1.0pt=\kern-1.0pt1}

, they coincide with the usual Bott–Chern and Aeppli cohomologies, but they are coarser, respectively finer, than these when

r
≥
2

{r\geq 2}

. They provide analogues in the Bott–Chern–Aeppli context of the

E
r

{E_{r}}

-cohomologies featuring in the Frölicher spectral sequence of the manifold. We apply these new cohomologies in several ways to characterise the notion of page-

(

r
-
1

)

{(r-1)}

-

∂
⁡

∂
¯

{\partial\bar{\partial}}

-manifolds that we introduced very recently. We also prove analogues of the Serre duality for these higher-page Bott–Chern and Aeppli cohomologies and for the spaces featuring in the Frölicher spectral sequence. We obtain a further group of applications of our cohomologies to the study of Hermitian-symplectic and strongly Gauduchon metrics for which we show that they provide the natural cohomological framework.
The nondegenerate generalized Kähler Calabi–Yau problem
Authors: Apostolov Vestislav , Streets Jeffrey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe formulate a Calabi–Yau-type conjecture in generalized Kähler geometry, focusing on the case of nondegenerate Poisson structure. After defining natural Hamiltonian deformation spaces for generalized Kähler structures generalizing the notion of Kähler class, we conjecture unique solvability of Gualtieri’s Calabi–Yau equation within this class. We establish the uniqueness, and moreover show that all such solutions are actually hyper-Kähler metrics. We furthermore establish a GIT framework for this problem, interpreting solutions of this equation as zeroes of a moment map associated to a Hamiltonian action and finding a Kempf–Ness functional. Lastly we indicate the naturality of generalized Kähler–Ricci flow in this setting, showing that it evolves within the given Hamiltonian deformation class, and that the Kempf–Ness functional is monotone, so that the only possible fixed points for the flow are hyper-Kähler metrics. On a hyper-Kähler background, we establish global existence and weak convergence of the flow.
Japanese Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Environmentally Friendly Farming Produce Based on Consumer Trustfulness
Authors: Yang Runan , Takashino Nina , Fuyuki Katsuhito 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the past decade, the market share of environmentally friendly farming (EFF) produce in Japan has witnessed relatively rapid growth. However, consumer awareness and purchasing experience of this agricultural produce are still lagging. To study how awareness of EFF produce influences consumer psychology and purchase decisions, we use ordered logistic regression and choice experiments to analyze 600 survey responses collected through online questionnaires. The results show that information from friends and family can have a positive influence on Japanese consumers’ trust in EFF produce. Consumers also show a significant preference for EFF produce in the short term after receiving information about it. By setting up a control group for comparison, we find that, in addition to information, consumer education and income also positively and significantly affect the decision to purchase EFF produce. This study presents a unique perspective between information and consumer decision-making and provides targeted solutions for the promotional and marketing strategy problems faced by EFF produce sellers in Japan. We argue that strengthening regional publicity methods such as community events can enhance EFF producers’ marketing strategies.
The Protection of User Preference Privacy in Personalized Information Retrieval: Challenges and Overviews
Authors: Wu Zongda , Lu Chenglang , Zhao Youlin , Xie Jian , Zou Dongdong , Su Xinning 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews a large number of research achievements relevant to user privacy protection in an untrusted network environment, and then analyzes and evaluates their application limitations in personalized information retrieval, to establish the conditional constraints that an effective approach for user preference privacy protection in personalized information retrieval should meet, thus providing a basic reference for the solution of this problem. First, based on the basic framework of a personalized information retrieval platform, we establish a complete set of constraints for user preference privacy protection in terms of security, usability, efficiency, and accuracy. Then, we comprehensively review the technical features for all kinds of popular methods for user privacy protection, and analyze their application limitations in personalized information retrieval, according to the constraints of preference privacy protection. The results show that personalized information retrieval has higher requirements for users’ privacy protection, i.e., it is required to comprehensively improve the security of users’ preference privacy on the untrusted server-side, under the precondition of not changing the platform, algorithm, efficiency, and accuracy of personalized information retrieval. However, all kinds of existing privacy methods still cannot meet the above requirements. This paper is an important study attempt to the problem of user preference privacy protection of personalized information retrieval, which can provide a basic reference and direction for the further study of the problem.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(2,4-dinitrophenolato-κ2
O,O′)copper(II) 1.5 hydrate, C12H13CuN4O13.5
Authors: Liu Xiao-Jing , Li Wen-Yu , Guo Zi-Yu , Liu E. , Jian Fang-Fang , Liang Tongling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
C24H26Cu2N8O27, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 4.7705(1) Å, b = 14.6219(5) Å, c = 14.7418(3) Å, α = 61.225(3)°, β = 85.342(2)°, γ = 83.938(2)°, V = 895.73(5) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0485, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1341, T = 170.0 K.
When three is company: The relation between aspect and metaphor in Russian aspectual triplets
Authors: Sokolova Svetlana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The focus of the present study is the relation between metaphor and aspect: are certain grammatical forms more prone to be used metaphorically? We approach this issue through a puzzling case of Russian aspectual triplets. The study is based on the distributions of the unprefixed imperfective verb gruzit’ (IPFV1) ‘load’, its perfective counterparts (PFVs) and prefixed secondary imperfectives (IPFV2s) with the prefixes na-, za-, and po-. The data collected from the Russian National Corpus offers support for the Telicity Hypothesis according to which IPFV2s become more “oriented towards a result” due to the presence of a prefix. We show that, although characterized by similar semantics, all verbs in a triplet have different distributions among constructions and metaphorical patterns. The difference is particularly noticeable in metaphorical contexts, where IPFV2s have a higher frequency of metaphorical uses. The prefix seems to play a more crucial role than aspect as metaphorical patterns of IPFV2s are more similar to the patterns attested for the perfective counterparts. Based on this study, we can assume that the resultative state more often serves as a source for conventional verbal metaphors than the process itself, which results in IPFV2s being more often used metaphorically than IPFV1.