bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving cognition in severe mental illness by combining cognitive remediation and transcranial direct current stimulation: study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled pilot trial (HEADDSET)
Authors: Poppe Anika , Bais Leonie , van Duin Daniëlle , Ćurčić-Blake Branislava , Pijnenborg Gerdina Hendrika Maria , van der Meer Lisette 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
A fundamental challenge for many people with severe mental illness (SMI) is how to deal with cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairments are common in this population and limit daily functioning. Moreover, neural plasticity in people with SMI appears to be reduced, a factor that might hinder newly learned cognitive skills to sustain. The objective of this pilot trial is to investigate the effects of cognitive remediation (CR) on cognitive and daily functioning in people dependent on residential settings. In addition, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used to promote neural plasticity. It is expected that the addition of tDCS can enhance learning and will result in longer-lasting improvements in cognitive and daily functioning.

Methods
This is a pragmatic, triple-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled, pilot trial following a non-concurrent multiple baseline design with the participants serving as their own control. We will compare (1) CR to treatment as usual, (2) active/sham tDCS+CR to treatment as usual, and (3) active tDCS+CR to sham tDCS+CR. Clinical relevance, feasibility, and acceptability of the use of CR and tDCS will be evaluated. We will recruit 26 service users aged 18 years or older, with a SMI and dependent on residential facilities. After a 16-week waiting period (treatment as usual), which will serve as a within-subject control condition, participants will be randomized to 16 weeks of twice weekly CR combined with active (N = 13) or sham tDCS (N = 13). Cognitive, functional, and clinical outcome assessments will be performed at baseline, after the control (waiting) period, directly after treatment, and 6-months post-treatment.

Discussion
The addition of cognitive interventions to treatment as usual may lead to long-lasting improvements in the cognitive and daily functioning of service users dependent on residential facilities. This pilot trial will evaluate whether CR on its own or in combination with tDCS can be a clinically relevant addition to further enhance recovery. In case the results indicate that cognitive performance can be improved with CR, and whether or not tDCS will lead to additional improvement, this pilot trial will be extended to a large randomized multicenter study.

Trial registration
Dutch Trial Registry NL7954. Prospectively registered on August 12, 2019.
Accuracy, patient-perceived usability, and acceptance of two symptom checkers (Ada and Rheport) in rheumatology: interim results from a randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Knitza Johannes , Mohn Jacob , Bergmann Christina , Kampylafka Eleni , Hagen Melanie , Bohr Daniela , Morf Harriet , Araujo Elizabeth , Englbrecht Matthias , Simon David , Kleyer Arnd , Meinderink Timo , Vorbrüggen Wolfgang , von der Decken Cay Benedikt , Kleinert Stefan , Ramming Andreas , Distler Jörg H. W. , Vuillerme Nicolas , Fricker Achim , Bartz-Bazzanella Peter , Schett Georg , Hueber Axel J. , Welcker Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential in the effective management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs). Symptom checkers (SCs) promise to accelerate diagnosis, reduce misdiagnoses, and guide patients more effectively through the health care system. Although SCs are increasingly used, there exists little supporting evidence.

Objective
To assess the diagnostic accuracy, patient-perceived usability, and acceptance of two SCs: (1) Ada and (2) Rheport.

Methods
Patients newly presenting to a German secondary rheumatology outpatient clinic were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to complete Ada or Rheport and consecutively the respective other SCs in a prospective non-blinded controlled randomized crossover trial. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the SCs regarding the diagnosis of an IRD compared to the physicians’ diagnosis as the gold standard. The secondary outcomes were patient-perceived usability, acceptance, and time to complete the SC.

Results
In this interim analysis, the first 164 patients who completed the study were analyzed. 32.9% (54/164) of the study subjects were diagnosed with an IRD. Rheport showed a sensitivity of 53.7% and a specificity of 51.8% for IRDs. Ada’s top 1 (D1) and top 5 disease suggestions (D5) showed a sensitivity of 42.6% and 53.7% and a specificity of 63.6% and 54.5% concerning IRDs, respectively. The correct diagnosis of the IRD patients was within the Ada D1 and D5 suggestions in 16.7% (9/54) and 25.9% (14/54), respectively. The median System Usability Scale (SUS) score of Ada and Rheport was 75.0/100 and 77.5/100, respectively. The median completion time for both Ada and Rheport was 7.0 and 8.5 min, respectively. Sixty-four percent and 67.1% would recommend using Ada and Rheport to friends and other patients, respectively.

Conclusions
While SCs are well accepted among patients, their diagnostic accuracy is limited to date.

Trial registration
DRKS.de, DRKS00017642. Registered on 23 July 2019
Diversity of 3′ variable region of cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Chinese population
Authors: Xue Zhijing , You Yuanhai , He Lihua , Gong Yanan , Sun Lu , Han Xiurui , Fan Ruyue , Zhai Kangle , Yang Yaming , Zhang Maojun , Yan Xiaomei , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) is one of the most important virulence factors ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori). There is a highly polymorphic Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) repeat region in the C-terminal of CagA protein. This repeat region is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity ofcagA3′ variable region and the amino acid polymorphisms in the EPIYA segments of the CagA C-terminal region ofH. pylori, and their association with gastroduodenal diseases.MethodsA total of 515H. pyloristrains from patients in 14 different geographical regions of China were collected. The genomic DNA from each strain was extracted and thecagA3′ variable region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed using MEGA 7.0 software.ResultsA total of 503 (97.7%)H. pyloristrains werecagA-positive and 1,587 EPIYA motifs were identified, including 12 types of EPIYA or EPIYA-like sequences. In addition to the four reported major segments, several rare segments (e.g., B′, B″ and D′) were defined and 20 different sequence types (e.g., ABD, ABC) were found in our study. A total of 481 (95.6%) strains carried the East Asian type CagA, and the ABD subtypes were most prevalent (82.1%). Only 22 strains carried the Western type CagA, which included AC, ABC, ABCC and ABCCCC subtypes. The CagA-ABD subtype had statistical difference in different geographical regions (P = 0.006). There were seven amino acid polymorphisms in the sequences surrounding the EPIYA motifs, among which amino acids 893 and 894 had a statistical difference with gastric cancer (P = 0.004).ConclusionsIn this study, 503 CagA sequences were studied and analyzed in depth. In Chinese population, mostH. pyloristrains were of the CagA-ABD subtype and its presence was associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Amino acid polymorphisms at residues 893 and 894 flanking the EPIYA motifs had a statistically significant association with gastric cancer.
Vasovagal syncope related to pain procedures in a pain clinic at a tertiary Lebanese hospital between 2016 and 2019
Authors: Kamar Sara , Hallit Souheil , Chamandi Souheil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Our study focuses on evaluating the factors associated with vasovagal syncope (VVS) when having a pain procedure at the pain clinic as well as showing variation in vital signs associated with fainting across different periods of the procedure (before, during and after).A retrospective case control study was conducted in a university hospital in Lebanon (CHU-NDS) on adult Lebanese patients with data taken from the archives covering a 4 year period (2016–2019).

Results
The multivariable analysis showed that a higher systolic blood pressure per-procedure was significantly associated with lower odds of having vasovagal syncope. An adequate dose of a vasopressor like ephedrine can be used to prevent a vasovagal event from happening. In our study the blood pressure component was more significant than the heart rate component which stayed in the normal range limit in the three different periods of procedure. Cases having a pain procedure for the first time represent 59.6% of the occurrence of VVS. Vasovagal syncope is a complication that can be prevented in high risk patients. Our study suggests taking preventive measures for VVS for patients with first time infiltration status especially if appearing in an anxious state.
Quantitative assessment of the association between erector spinae muscle and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Tanaka Ai , Komiya Kosaku , Yamasue Mari , Ando Yumiko , Takeno Yukiko , Takikawa Shuichi , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
Skeletal muscle size is considered a predictor of prognosis in patients with respiratory diseases including Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. However, no research focused on its impact on prognosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between erector spinae muscle (ESM) size and in-hospital mortality among patients with pulmonary TB.

Results
We retrospectively included 258 consecutive patients aged over 65 years old, who were admitted to the hospital for bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB, and all underwent chest computed tomography (CT) scan upon admission. The cross-sectional area of the ESM (ESMcsa) was measured at the lower margin of the 12th thoracic vertebra on a single-slice CT scan image and was adjusted according to body surface area (BSA). In total, 71 (28%) patients died during hospitalization. The non-survivor group had a high incidence of respiratory failure and comorbidities and lower hemoglobin and albumin levels, performance status score, and ESMcsa/BSA. Multivariate analysis revealed that low performance status score and hemoglobin and albumin levels, but not ESMcsa/BSA and body mass index, could independently predict in-hospital mortality after adjusting for age and comorbidities. Therefore, ESM size was not associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary TB.
Composite lymphoma of T-cell rich, histiocyte-rich diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Esper Asil , Alhoulaiby Sami , Zuhri Yafi Ruba , Alshehabi Zuheir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Composite lymphoma is a rare entity where two or more distinct subtypes of lymphoma coexist within a single organ or tissue.

Case presentation
We report a new case of a 67-year-old Caucasian male patient, who presented with fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and polyuria. He also had epigastric and left lumbar pain, enlarged spleen, and enlarged left axillary lymph node on examination, with no relevant medical or familial history.
A biopsy from the node showed an appearance of T-cell rich, histiocyte-rich diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
The patient was initially treated with adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine chemotherapy regimen, then switched to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone regimen.
During the therapy, some regression was noticed, especially in the size of the splenic enlargement; however, the patient died 2 months after completing the regimen.

Conclusion
Composite lymphomas should continue to be studied. Also, treatment is still debatable in type, efficacy, and outcomes.
Sinusoidal electromagnetic fields accelerate bone regeneration by boosting the multifunctionality of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Weigang , Liu Wenbin , Wang Wei , Wang Jiachen , Ma Tian , Chen Jingyuan , Wu Hua , Liu Chaoxu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The repair of critical-sized bone defects is always a challenging problem. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), used as a physiotherapy for bone defects, have been suspected to cause potential hazards to human health due to the long-term exposure. To optimize the application of EMF while avoiding its adverse effects, a combination of EMF and tissue engineering techniques is critical. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of EMF will lead to better applications in the future.

Methods
In this research, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on 3D-printed scaffolds were treated with sinusoidal EMFs in vitro. Then, 5.5 mm critical-sized calvarial defects were created in rats, and the cell scaffolds were implanted into the defects. In addition, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which EMFs regulate BMSCs were explored with various approaches to gain deeper insight into the effects of EMFs.

Results
The cell scaffolds treated with EMF successfully accelerated the repair of critical-sized calvarial defects. Further studies revealed that EMF could not directly induce the differentiation of BMSCs but improved the sensitivity of BMSCs to BMP signals by upregulating the quantity of specific BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptors. Once these receptors receive BMP signals from the surrounding milieu, a cascade of reactions is initiated to promote osteogenic differentiation via the BMP/Smad signalling pathway. Moreover, the cytokines secreted by BMSCs treated with EMF can better facilitate angiogenesis and osteoimmunomodulation which play fundamental roles in bone regeneration.

Conclusion
In summary, EMF can promote the osteogenic potential of BMSCs and enhance the paracrine function of BMSCs to facilitate bone regeneration. These findings highlight the profound impact of EMF on tissue engineering and provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.
Identification of circulating CD31+CD45+ cell populations with the potential to differentiate into erythroid cells
Authors: Monaco Maria Chiara G. , Maric Dragan , Salvucci Ombretta , Passeri Cristina Antonetti Lamorgese , Accorsi Patrizia , Major Eugene O. , Berardi Anna Concetta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractErythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP) are found in a population of cells expressing CD31 and CD45 markers (CD31+CD45+). A recent study indicated that EMPs persist until adulthood and can be a source of endothelial cells. We identified two sub-populations of EMP cells, CD31lowCD45low and CD31highCD45+, from peripheral blood that can differentiate into cells of erythroid lineage. Our novel findings add to the current knowledge of hematopoietic lineage commitment, and our sequential, dual-step, in vitro culture model provides a platform for the study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human hematopoiesis and erythroid differentiation.
On a time fractional diffusion with nonlocal in time conditions
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Hoang , Triet Nguyen Anh , Luc Nguyen Hoang , Phuong Nguyen Duc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we consider a fractional diffusion equation with nonlocal integral condition. We give a form of the mild solution under the expression of Fourier series which contains some Mittag-Leffler functions. We present two new results. Firstly, we show the well-posedness and regularity for our problem. Secondly, we show the ill-posedness of our problem in the sense of Hadamard. Using the Fourier truncation method, we construct a regularized solution and present the convergence rate between the regularized and exact solutions.
Global research activity on antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global challenge that requires a “One Health” approach to achieve better public health outcomes for people, animals, and the environment. Numerous bibliometric studies were published on AMR in humans. However, none was published in food-producing animals. The current study aimed at assessing and analyzing scientific publications on AMR in food-producing animals.

Method
A validated search query was developed and entered in Scopus advanced search function to retrieve and quantitatively analyze relevant documents. Bibliometric indicators and mapping were presented. The study period was from 2000 to 2019.

Results
The search query retrieved 2852 documents. During the period from 2015 to 2019, approximately 48% of the retrieved documents were published. The article about the discovery of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in pigs received the highest number of citations (n = 1970). The Journal of Food Protection (n = 123; 4.3%) ranked first in the number of publications while the Applied and Environmental Microbiology journal ranked first in the number of citations per document. The USA led with 576 (20.2%) documents followed by China (n = 375; 13.1%). When the number of publications was standardized by income and population size, India (n = 51.5) ranked first followed by China (n = 38.3) and Brazil (n = 13.4). The growth of publications from China exceeded that of the USA in the last 3 years of the study period. Research collaboration in this field was inadequate. Mapping author keywords showed that E. coli, Salmonella, poultry, Campylobacter, chicken, cattle, and resistant genes were most frequent. The retrieved documents existed in five research themes. The largest research theme was about AMR in Salmonella in food-producing animals. The most recent research theme was about the dissemination and molecular transfer of AMR genes into the environment and among different bacterial strains.

Conclusion
Hot spots of research on AMR in food-producing animals match the world regions of reported hot spots of AMR in animals. Research collaboration in this field is of great importance, especially with low- and middle-income countries. Data on AMR need to be collected nationally and internationally to implement the “One Health” approach in the fight against AMR.
Alcohol consumption and dependence is linked to the extent that people experience need satisfaction while drinking alcohol in two Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
Authors: Conigrave James H. , Bradshaw Emma L. , Conigrave Katherine M. , Ryan Richard M. , Wilson Scott , Perry Jimmy , Doyle Michael F. , Lee K. S. Kylie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnhealthy alcohol use is a key concern for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (‘Indigenous Australian’) communities. Due to systematic disadvantage and inter-generational trauma, Indigenous Australians may be less likely to have satisfied basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). When people are need-thwarted, they may engage in compensatory behaviours to feel better in the short-term. We explore the relationship between perceived basic psychological needs satisfaction and alcohol consumption use among Indigenous Australians. Better understanding the functions that alcohol may play for some Indigenous Australian drinkers may aid communities, clinicians, and policy makers in improving programs for reducing drinking-related harms.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey of Indigenous Australians (aged 16 years or older) living in two South Australian communities. Participants were eligible if they had consumed any alcohol in the past 12 months. Spearman correlations and linear regressions were used to determine if feeling more autonomous, competent, and related to others (need satisfied) while drinking, was linked to alcohol consumption and dependence.ResultsControlling for participant demographics, reporting feeling need satisfied while drinking was linked to drinking more alcohol per day, reporting more frequent symptoms of alcohol dependence, spending more money on alcohol, and scoring higher on the AUDIT-C.ConclusionsUnhealthy drinking may partly stem from attempts to satisfy basic psychological needs. Programs which support Indigenous Australians to meet basic psychological needs could reduce attempts to meet psychological needs through alcohol consumption.
Amyloid precursor protein elevates fusion of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies in human hippocampal areas with high plaque load
Authors: Marks David , Heinen Natalie , Bachmann Lisa , Meermeyer Sophia , Werner Michelle , Gallego Lucia , Hemmerich Peter , Bader Verian , Winklhofer Konstanze F. , Schröder Elisabeth , Knauer Shirley K. , Müller Thorsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane protein with unknown physiological function but potential impact in neurodegeneration. The current study demonstrates that APP signals to the nucleus causing the generation of aggregates consisting of its adapter protein FE65, the histone acetyltransferase TIP60 and the tumour suppressor proteins p53 and PML. APP C-terminal (APP-CT50) complexes co-localize and co-precipitate with p53 and PML. The PML nuclear body generation is induced and fusion occurs over time depending on APP signalling and STED imaging revealed active gene expression within the complex. We further show that the nuclear aggregates of APP-CT50 fragments together with PML and FE65 are present in the aged human brain but not in cerebral organoids differentiated from iPS cells. Notably, human Alzheimer’s disease brains reveal a highly significant reduction of these nuclear aggregates in areas with high plaque load compared to plaque-free areas of the same individual. Based on these results we conclude that APP-CT50 signalling to the nucleus takes place in the aged human brain and is involved in the pathophysiology of AD.
Validation of 18F-FDG PET/MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI for estimating the extent of peritoneal carcinomatosis in ovarian and endometrial cancer -a pilot study
Authors: Jónsdóttir Björg , Ripoll Montserrat Alemany , Bergman Antonina , Silins Ilvars , Poromaa Inger Sundström , Ahlström Håkan , Stålberg Karin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The extent of peritoneal carcinomatosis is difficult to estimate preoperatively, but a valid measure would be important in identifying operable patients.
The present study set out to validate the usefulness of integrated 18F-FDG PET/MRI, in comparison with diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), for estimation of the extent of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with gynaecological cancer.

Methods
Whole-body PET/MRI was performed on 34 patients with presumed carcinomatosis of gynaecological origin, all scheduled for surgery. Two radiologists evaluated the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) on PET/MRI and DW-MRI scans in consensus. The surgeon estimated PCI intraoperatively, which was used as the gold standard.

Results
Median total PCI for PET/MRI (21.5) was closer to surgical PCI (24.5) (p = 0.6), than DW-MRI (median PCI 20.0, p = 0.007). However, both methods were highly correlated with the surgical PCI (PET/MRI: β = 0.94 p < 0.01, DW-MRI: β = 0.86, p < 0.01). PET/MRI was more accurate (p = 0.3) than DW-MRI (p = 0.001) when evaluating patients at primary diagnosis but no difference was noted in patients treated with chemotherapy. PET/MRI was superior in evaluating high tumour burden in inoperable patients. In the small bowel regions, there was a tendency of higher sensitivity but lower specificity in PET/MRI compared to DW-MRI.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that FDG PET/MRI is superior to DW-MRI in estimating total spread of carcinomatosis in gynaecological cancer. Further, the greatest advantage of PET/MRI seems to be in patients at primary diagnosis and with high tumour burden, which suggest that it could be a useful tool when deciding about operability in gynaecological cancer.