bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real-time spatiotemporal AI model analyzes skill in open surgical videos
Authors: Yeung Serena , Goodman Emmett , Patel Krishna , Zhang Yilun , Locke William , Kennedy Chris , Mehrotra Rohan , Ren Stephen , Guan Melody , Downing Maren , Chen Hao Wei , Clark Jevin , Brat Gabriel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Open procedures represent the dominant form of surgery worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to optimize surgical practice and improve patient outcomes, but efforts have focused primarily on minimally invasive techniques. Our work overcomes existing data limitations for training AI models by curating, from YouTube, the largest dataset of open surgical videos to date: 1997 videos from 23 surgical procedures uploaded from 50 countries. Using this dataset, we developed a multi-task AI model capable of real-time understanding of surgical behaviors, hands, and tools—the building blocks of procedural flow and surgeon skill—across both space and time. We show that our model generalizes across diverse surgery types and environments. Illustrating this generalizability, we directly applied our YouTube-trained model to analyze open surgeries prospectively collected at an academic medical center and identified kinematic descriptors of surgical skill related to efficiency of hand motion. Our Annotated Videos of Open Surgery (AVOS) dataset and trained model will be made available for further development of surgical AI.
Two- and Multi-bucket X-ray Free-Electron Laser at LCLS
Authors: Decker Franz-Josef , Bane Karl L. , Colocho William , Gilevich Sasha , Marinelli Agostino , Sheppard John C. , Turner James L. , Turner Joshua J. , Vetter Sharon L. , Halavanau Aliaksei , Pellegrini Claudio , Lutman Alberto A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
X-ray Free Electron Lasers provide femtosecond X-ray pulses with narrow bandwidth and unprecedented peak brightness. Special modes of operation have been developed to deliver double pulses for X-ray pump, X-ray probe experiments. However, the longest delay between the two pulses achieved with existing single bucket methods is less than 1 picosecond, thus preventing exploration of longer timescales dynamics. We present a novel Two-bucket scheme covering delays from 350 picoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds in discrete steps of 350 picoseconds. Performance for each pulse can be similar to the one in single pulse operation. The method has been experimentally tested with LCLS-I and LCLS-II hard x-ray undulators.
Fabrication and Static Bending Properties of 3D Printed Zirconia Part via Digital Light Processing Method
Authors: Wang Boran , Arab Ali , Xie Jing , Chen Pengwan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Zirconia is widely applied as an implant due to its’ excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties such as high hardness and extraordinary resistance to wear and corrosion. However, these outstanding mechanical properties make it challenging to fabricate Zirconia into complex shapes using conventional manufacturing techniques. In the current study, the digital light processing method was used to manufacture the Zirconia part. Its mechanical property was evaluated via a three-point bending test with digital image correlation and fractography analysis. The 3D-printed Zirconia sample had a relative density of approximately 98.8% and a Vickers hardness value of 1128 HV. The flexural strength under parallel and vertical bending loads (with respect to the printing direction) were 56.63±3.97MPa and 70.98±6.62MPa, respectively. Surrounding by a few dense layers, the interior of the sintered sample was interlaced with needle-like and winding cracks. Under the three-point bending, the cracks initiated at the bottom surface due to the tension effect and propagated faster along the width direction than the thickness direction. There was a large area of cleavage morphology in the dense boundary layers, whereas the plastic fracture mode also appeared in the interior of the sintered samples. The digital light processing method is expected to be comparable to other advanced ceramic processing techniques for fabricating spatial lattice structural products.
First Biphotochromic Fluorescent Protein moxSAASoti Stabilized for Oxidizing Environment
Authors: Marynich Nadya , Khrenova Mariya , Gavshina Alexandra , Solovyev Ilya , Savitsky Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Biphotochromic proteins simultaneously possesses reversible photoswitching (on-to-off) and irreversible photoconversion (green-to-red). High photochemical reactivity of cysteine residues is one of the reasons for the development of “mox”-monomeric and oxidation resistant proteins. Based on site-saturated simultaneous two points C105 and C117 mutagenesis we have chosen the C21N/C71G/C105G/C117T/C175A as the moxSAASoti variant, since its on-to-off photoswitching rate is higher, off-to-on recovery is more complete and photoconversion rates are higher than for the mSAASoti. We analyzed the conformational behavior of the F177 side chain by classical MD simulations. The conformational flexibility of the F177 side chain is mainly responsible for the off-to-on conversion rate changes and can be further utilized as a measure of the conversion rate. Point mutations in the mSAASoti mainly affect the pKa values of the red form and the off-to-on switching. We demonstrate that the microscopic measure of the observed pKa value is the C – O bond length in the phenyl fragment of the neutral chromophore. According to the molecular dynamic simulations with the QM/MM potentials, larger C – O bond lengths are found for proteins with larger pKa. This feature can be utilized for prediction of the pKa values of red fluorescent proteins.
A Novel Method of Piggyback Jejunal Interposition Reconstruction Single-Tract Reconstruction After Proximal Gastrectomy for Siewert II and III Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction with a Diameter &lt;4 cm
Authors: Ma Yuchao , Dong Jianhong , Ren Baoqing , Zhang Wanhong , Lei Liqiang , Xu Ning , Li Linjie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy (PG) has been extensively discussed. Herein, we introduce a novel method of PG with piggyback jejunal interposition reconstruction single-tract reconstruction (PJIRSTR) for Siewert II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) with a diameter <4 cm, and investigate its safety, practicability, and short-term and long-term clinical outcomes of this procedure. Method The clinical data of 33 patients with Siewert II or Siewert III AEG who underwent PJIRSTR in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from July 2013 to November 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data of clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative and surgical outcomes, and follow-up findings, especially postoperative reflux esophagitis and postoperative reflux symptoms, were analyzed.Results The mean operation time was 136.7±22.4 (range: 110-180) min, including 32.3 ± 5.0(range: 26-45) min of the digestive tract reconstruction; the mean estimated blood loss was 87.6±18.1 mL; the mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 14.7±5.1; and the mean duration of postoperative hospitalization was 7.5±1.2 days. The early complication rate was 9% (n=3), including one case each of anastomotic bleeding, incision infection, and ileus. The late complication rate was 6% (n=2): both patients had gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (Visick grade II), but only one patient had Los Angeles grade B reflux esophagitis by endoscopy. Conclusion PJIRSTR is a safe, feasible, and innovative reconstruction method after PG for patients with Siewert II and III AEG with a diameter <4 cm. Furthermore, it has excellent efficiency in terms of preventing reflux symptoms and reflux esophagitis after surgery.
Silicon Concentrations and Stoichiometry in Two Agricultural Watersheds: Implications for Management and Downstream Water Quality
Authors: Sethna Lienne R. , Royer Todd V. , Speir Shannon L. , Trentman Matt T. , Mahl Ursula H. , Hagemeier Leah P. , Tank Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Agriculture alters the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si) which contributes to the stoichiometric imbalance among these nutrients in aquatic systems. Limitation of Si relative to N and P can facilitate the growth of non-siliceous, potentially harmful, algal taxa which has severe environmental and economic impacts. Planting winter cover crops can retain N and P on the landscape, yet their effect on Si concentrations and stoichiometry is unknown. We analyzed three years of biweekly concentrations and loads of dissolved N, P, and Si from subsurface tile drains and stream water in two agricultural watersheds in northern Indiana. Intra-annual patterns in Si concentrations and stoichiometry showed that cover crop vegetation growth did not reduce in-stream Si concentrations as expected, although, compared to fallow conditions, winter cover crops increased Si:N ratios to conditions more favorable for diatom growth. To assess the risk of non-siliceous algal growth, we calculated a stoichiometric index to quantify biomass growth facilitated by excess N and P relative to Si. Index values showed a divergence between predicted algal growth and what we observed in the streams, indicating other factors influence algal community composition. The stoichiometric imbalance was more pronounced at high flows, suggesting increased risk of harmful blooms as environmental change increases the frequency and intensity of precipitation in the midwestern U.S. Our data include some of the first measurements of Si within small agricultural watersheds and provide the groundwork for understanding the role of agriculture on Si export and stoichiometry.
Multi-track, Multi-layer Dendrite Growth and Solid Phase Transformation Analysis during Additive Manufacturing of H13 Tool Steel Using a Combined Hybrid Cellular Automata/Phase Field and Solid-state Phase Prediction Models
Authors: Bailey Neil , Shin Yung C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Using an efficient hybrid Cellular Automata/Phase Field (CA-PF) dendrite growth modeling in combination with a solid phase transformation model, microstructure evolution and solid-phase transformation were predicted during laser direct deposition (LDD) of H13 tool steel powder across multiple tracks and layers. Temperature and surface geometry data were provided by a comprehensive physics-based laser deposition model. The computational efficiency of the CA-PF model allows for simulating domains large enough to capture dendrite growth across an entire molten pool and into neighboring LDD tracks. The microstructure of the target track is strongly affected by heat from neighboring tracks including re-melting and re-solidification, and martensite tempering. Dendrite size and growth direction across the entire fusion zone, as well as predicted hardness values, are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
DnaJ, A Promising Vaccine Candidate Against Ureaplasma Urealyticum Infection
Authors: Guo Fangyi , Tang Yanhong , Zhang Wenjun , Yuan Hongxia , Xiang Jing , Teng Wenyou , Li Ranhui , Dai Guozhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) is an important sexually transmitted pathogen that is responsible for diseases such as non-gonococcal urethritis, chorioamnionitis and neonatal respiratory diseases. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria threatens the effective treatment of U. urealyticum infections. Considering this, vaccination could be an efficacious medical intervention to prevent U. urealyticum infection and disease. As a highly conserved molecular chaperone, DnaJ is expressed and upregulated by pathogens soon after infection. Here, we assessed the potential of recombinant DnaJ vaccine in a mouse model and dendritic cells (DCs). Results: The results showed that intramuscular administration of recombinant DnaJ induced robust humoral- and T helper (Th) 1 cell-mediated immune responses and protected against cervical infection, inflammation, and the pathologic sequelae after U. urealyticum infection. Importantly, DnaJ also induced the maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), ultimately promoting naïve T-cell differentiation towards the Th1 phenotype. In addition, adoptive immunisation of DnaJ-pulsed BMDCs elicited antigen-specific immunoglobulin G2 antibodies as well as a Th1-biased cellular response in mice. Conclusion: We concluded that DnaJ can be a promising vaccine candidate to control U. urealyticum infections.
Active Optical Signal Conditioning and Monitoring System
Authors: Chatterjee Kalipada , Sahu Subrat , Arumuru Venugopal , jha Rajan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An optical signal conditioning technique for dynamic modulation of signals and real-time monitoring of events is pivotal for developing various optical systems at micro/nano dimensions. The utilities of such technique include controllable signal enhancement and distinctive response towards external stimuli, with reconfigurable operational range. Here, we propose and demonstrate an optical technique based on the parallel integration of fiber modal interferometers for optical response enhancement and multi-signal monitoring. Overlap of the interferometers’ characteristic spectra facilitates controllable signal filtering, attenuation, and amplification of interferometer’s response towards dynamic field over wide frequency range of 1 Hz – 1 kHz. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) enhancement of 9 dB is achieved by applying 1 volt about the reference interferometer. The system enables real-time modulation of optical signals and multipoint signal monitoring using machine learning for various applications such as mechanical vibrations, acoustic fields, biological samples, fluid movement, and other similar dynamic fields.
Optimal Design of a Standalone Hybrid Energy System for a COVID-19 Quarantine Center Energization
Authors: El-Khozondar Hala , El-batta Fady , EL-Khozondar Rifa , Alramlawi Mansour 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work is motivated by the need to overcome the electricity crises in Gaza that is initiated in Gaza due to political reasons. In addition, it is related to current situation in the world in particular the spread of COVID-19. Building quarantine centers is one of the most important means used in combating the Corona epidemic, but connecting these centers to the electricity distribution network at the appropriate time is not always possible and increases the burden on the local utility company. This paper proposed a Hybrid off-grid Energy System (HES) to effectively energies the quarantine centers economically and environmentally. To achieve this aim, the load profile of the quarantine center is estimated, the system components are modeled and the system design is optimized. In addition, the developed approach was tested using a real case study considering realistic input data. HOMER-pro program is used to simulate and optimize the system design. The results revealed the potential of the HES to provide environment-friendly, cost-effective, and affordable electricity for the studied quarantine center, as compared to only diesel generators system. For the considered case study, it is found that the PV-Wind-Diesel hybrid power system is able to cover the connected load with the lowest cost in comparison to other possible HES structures. It also environmentally friendly as it has the least harmful emissions. Finally, it is proved that the developed approach gives a reasonable solution to the decision-makers to find a fast, economic and reliable solution to energies the quarantine centers.
Clinical Analysis of NMOSD with Area Postrema Syndrome as Initial Symptom
Authors: Liu Ting , Li Lijuan , Liang BinJi , Li Xian , Ma Lin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) with the initial manifestation of area postrema syndrome (APS) often have unexplained nausea and vomiting and are easily misdiagnosed for the NMOSD. The purpose of this study was to report and discuss clinical analysis, including diagnosis and treatment of 4 cases of NMOSD with APS as the first symptom.Methods: Four patients with intractable nausea and vomiting were selected for the analysis and finally the cases were confirmed for the NMOSD. All of these patients started with misdiagnosis and mismanagement initially.Results: Among the 4 patients included in this study, 3 were admitted to the department of gastroenterology at the onset of the disease, and 2 of them were not correctly diagnosed and treated on time due to misdiagnosis. Therefore, their symptoms worsened, and they needed to be transferred to ICU for life support. No obvious early medulla lesions were found in one patient. One patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, and plasma exchange but there was no significant clinical improvement, and then the disease was relapsed during the treatment with low-dose rituximab.Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of NMOSD are complex and diverse, and the initial symptoms, onset age of the patient, and MRI findings can all influence the clinicians' judgment of the disease. Early identification of the APS and timely therapy can prevent visual and physical disabilities, even respiratory failure and cardiac arrest. Therefore, it is necessary to identify specific and sensitive serum and imaging markers for predicting the prognosis and recurrence of the disease.
Investigation on the Influence of Weld Position on the Deformation Behavior of Welded Tube During Free Bending Process
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Pan Chao , Bai Xueshan , Liu Chunmei , Guo Xunzhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The non-uniform distribution of the mechanical properties of welded tube would affect the plastic deformation behavior of tube during the free bending process. To explore the influence of weld position on the forming quality and axis dimensional accuracy of welded tube, the free bending experiment and numerical simulation of welded tube were conducted in this paper. First, the principle of free bending was theoretical deduced and the stress distribution of bent tube was analyzed. Then the hardness test and uniaxial tensile test were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of weld zone and parent zone of welded tube. The material strength in the weld zone of welded tube is significantly higher than that in the parent zone. Finally, the free bending experiment and numerical simulation with different weld position were carried out, and the influence of weld position on the bending radius, cross-sectional distortion and wall thickness of bent tube was discussed. All these findings advance the insight into the free bending deformation behavior of welded tube and help to improve the forming quality of welded tube and facilitate the application of free bending technology in welded tube.
Breast cancer awareness and downstaging practices among adult women in the Gulu City Main Market, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayugi Joyce , Ndagijimana George , Luyima Stanley , Kitara David Lagoro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers that occur worldwide among women. There were more disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to breast cancer among women worldwide than any other cancers, and DALYs occurred in women globally after puberty, with increasing rates later in life. Improvements in breast cancer survival began in the 1980s in countries where early detection programs combined with different modes of treatment to eradicate the invasive form of the disease were practiced. Recent data showed that there was a higher prevalence of breast cancer among women in Northern Uganda than among women in the rest of Uganda.The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and other modalities for screening and early breast cancer detection among adult women in the Gulu main market.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gulu main market in 2020. A total of 98 adult women were recruited for the study by a random sampling method. The questionnaire had an internal validity of Cronbach’s α=0.72. The study was approved by a local IRB. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Most participants were 20-29 years 41(41.8%), married 44(44.9%), monthly incomes of >UGX1 million shillings 51(52.2%), Acholi 81(82.7%), Catholics 46(46.9%), vendors 75(76.5%), duration of work in the market (1-10 years) 64(65.4%), primary level of education 39(39.8%), and had 1-2 pregnancies 37(37.8%). The independent factors associated with breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination, and clinical breast examination were vendor (primary occupation) (β=-0.130, t=-2.979, p<0.004), duration of work in the market (1-10 years) (β=-0.186, t=-2.452, p<0.016), and higher level of education (β=-0.091, t=-2.506, p<0.014).Conclusions: Breast cancer awareness and downstaging practices in adult women in the Gulu main market were thought-provoking. Women with better socioeconomic status (higher education, moderate work duration in the market and primarily vendors) in the Gulu main market were more likely aware and practiced breast cancer downstaging activities. There is a need to strengthen publicity on breast cancer-related knowledge for lower-income occupational groups and those with lower education levels to better understand the importance of conducting BSE, CBE, and mammography for early breast cancer detection.
Fracture Evolution Between Blasting Roof Cutting Holes in a Mining Stress Environment
Authors: Tu Min , Zhao Gaoming , Zhang Xiangyang , Bu Qingwei , Dang Jiaxin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Blasting roof cutting and pressure relief is an effective technical way to solve the problem of thick and hard roof. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out research on the evolution of cracks between the cut holes of the blasting roof. The univariate comparative analysis method is used to analyze the evolution law of the fissures between the cuts under different factors. Furthermore, it is concluded that the broken zone and fissure zone of the surrounding rock of the single-hole blasting hole wall are symmetrically distributed in the confining pressure environment, and the fissure zone and the surrounding rock fissure zone between the holes show an "X"-shaped continuous ev olution. By analyzing the evolution law of cracks between blasting holes, the critical discriminant equation of penetration between blasting holes under mining stress environment is given, which is used to optimize the technical plan of blasting roof cutting. Engineering practice shows that the blasting roof cutting scheme has achieved a good seam effect, creating good initial conditions for the cutting of thick and hard roofs.