bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive model of seismic velocities for the Bay of Mecklenburg (Baltic Sea) at the North German Basin margin: implications for basin development
Authors: Schnabel Michael , Noack Vera , Ahlrichs Niklas , Hübscher Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe geometry of sedimentary basins is normally described by the interpretation of seismic reflectors. In addition to that, rock properties of the sedimentary successions between these reflectors give further insight into the subsurface geology. Here, we present a model for the Bay of Mecklenburg, situated at the northeastern margin of the North German Basin. The model consists of eight layers; it covers seismic velocities of sediments from the Neogene down to the base of the Permian Zechstein. We use eight seismic profiles for model building and apply seismic migration velocity analysis in combination with pre-stack depth migration. The results are interval velocities down to a depth of 5000 m. A further aim of the study is to investigate the sensitivity of these indirectly deduced velocities in comparison to direct measurements within drill holes. The velocities from this study are in good agreement with earlier results from vertical seismic profiling at a nearby well. Cenozoic and Mesozoic strata within the Bay of Mecklenburg show clear depth-dependent velocity trends. A comparison of these trends with predicted compaction trends shows that burial anomalies within Lower Triassic units are significantly higher than in Upper Cretaceous units. This finding could be explained by a greater amount of erosion during Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous times than during Cenozoic times. The Zechstein layer shows a decreasing interval velocity with increasing thickness. Our study demonstrates that seismic velocities deduced from surface-based measurements are of high value in areas with sparse drilling coverage.
Retrospective study of prognosis of patients with multiple colorectal carcinomas: synchronous versus metachronous makes the difference
Authors: Barz Christoph , Stöss Christian , Neumann Philipp-Alexander , Wilhelm Dirk , Janssen Klaus-Peter , Friess Helmut , Nitsche Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeLittle is known about difference between synchronous colorectal cancer (SCRC) and metachronous colorectal cancer (MCRC) despite the relevance for this selected patient group. The aim of this retrospective review was to analyze patients with SCRC and MCRC.MethodsAll patients who underwent surgery for SCRC and MCRC between 1982 and 2019 were included in this retrospective analysis of our tertiary referral center. Clinical, histological, and molecular genetic characteristics were analyzed. The primary endpoint was cause-specific survival, evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Secondary endpoints were recurrence-free survival and the identification of prognostic factors.ResultsOverall, 3714 patients were included in this analysis. Of those, 3506 (94.4%) had a primary unifocal colorectal cancer (PCRC), 103 (2.7%) had SCRC, and 105 (2.8%) had MCRC. SCRC occurred more frequently in elderly (p=0.009) and in male patients (p=0.027). There were no differences concerning tumor stages or grading. Patients with SCRC did not show altered recurrence or survival rates, as compared to unifocal tumors. However, MCRC had a lower rate of recurrence, compared to PCRC (24% vs. 41%,p=0.002) and a lower rate of cause-specific death (13% vs. 37%,p<0.001). Five-year cause-specific survival rates were 63±1% for PCRC, 62±6% for SCRC (p=0.588), and 88±4% for MCRC (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that MCRC were an independent favorable prognostic parameter regarding case-specific survival.ConclusionPatients with SCRC seem to not have a worse prognosis compared to patients with PCRC. Noteworthy, patients with MCRC showed better survival rates in this retrospective analysis.
Aquaporin 1 and 3 as local vitality markers in mechanical and thermal skin injuries
Authors: Prangenberg Julian , Doberentz E. , Witte A. -L. , Madea B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAssessment of the vitality of an injury is one of to the main tasks in daily forensic casework. Aquaporins belong to the family of water channels. They enable the transport of water and of small molecules like glycerol through biological channels. So far, 13 classes of aquaporins are identified in vertebrates. The classical aquaporin channels 1, 2 and 4 are only permeable for water. The aquaporin channels 3, 7, 9 and 10 are also called aquaglycerolporins since they can also transport glycerol. Aquaporin 3 is expressed in epidermal keratinocytes. In the present investigation, the aquaporin 1 and 3 expression in mechanically and thermally damaged skin is investigated by immunohistochemistry. The study collective comprises 30 cases (63.3% male and 36.7% female) with an age range between 19 and 95 years (mean value 54.6 years). The skin injury comprises different kinds of blunt force, sharp force, strangulation marks, thermal injury, gunshot wounds and frost erythema. In all kinds of mechanical and trauma injury, an increased expression of aquaporin 3 in the keratinocytes of the epidermis was found. There is no correlation of the aquaporin 3 expression with age, sex, body mass index, duration of agonal period and postmortem interval. Concerning aquaporin 1, there were no differences between injured and uninjured skin. Aquaporin 3 is independently from the kind of skin injury and appears to be a valuable immunohistochemical parameter of vitality.
The known burden of Huntington disease in the North of Scotland: prevalence of manifest and identified pre-symptomatic gene expansion carriers in the molecular era
Authors: Kounidas Georgios , Cruickshank Heather , Kastora Stavroula , Sihlabela Stella , Miedzybrodzka Zosia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Huntington disease prevalence was first estimated in Grampian, northern Scotland in 1984. Molecular testing has since increased ascertainment.

Objective
To estimate the prevalence of manifest Huntington disease and identified pre-symptomatic gene expansion carriers (IPGEC) in northern Scotland, and estimate the magnitude of biases in prevalence studies that rely upon routine coding in primary care records.

Methods
Cases were ascertained using North of Scotland genetic laboratory, clinic, and hospital records. Prevalence was calculated for manifest and IPGEC on 01/07/2016 and 01/01/2020 and compared with local published data.

Results
The prevalence of manifest Huntington disease in northern Scotland in 2020 was 14.6 (95% CI 14.3–15.3) per 100,000, and of IPGEC was 8.3 (95% CI 7.8–9.2) per 100,000. Whilst the population of northern Scotland decreased by 0.05% between 2016 and 2020, the number of manifest and identified pre-symptomatic gene expansion carriers increased by 7.4% and 23.3%, respectively. Manifest disease in Grampian increased by 45.9% between 1984 and 2020. More women than men had a diagnosis. General Practice coding underestimated symptomatic molecularly confirmed prevalence by 2.2 per 100,000 people.

Conclusion
Even in an area with previously high ascertainment, there has been a 45.9% increase in manifest Huntington disease over the last 30 years. Within our catchment area, prevalence varies between health board regions with similar community-based services. Such variation in prevalence could have major drug cost and service delivery implications, especially if expensive, complexly administered therapies prove successful. Health services should gather accurate population-based data on a regional basis to inform service planning.
Cerebral autoregulation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy: validation using transcranial Doppler in patients with controlled hypertension, cognitive impairment and controls
Authors: Mol Arjen , Meskers Carel G. M. , Sanders Marit L. , Müller Martin , Maier Andrea B. , van Wezel Richard J. A. , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. , Elting Jan Willem J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cerebral autoregulation (CA) aims to attenuate the effects of blood pressure variation on cerebral blood flow. This study assessed the criterion validity of CA derived from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as an alternative for Transcranial Doppler (TCD).

Methods
Measurements of continuous blood pressure (BP), oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) using NIRS and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) using TCD (gold standard) were performed in 82 controls, 27 patients with hypertension and 94 cognitively impaired patients during supine rest (all individuals) and repeated sit to stand transitions (cognitively impaired patients). The BP-CBFV and BP-O2Hb transfer function phase shifts (TFφ) were computed as CA measures. Spearman correlations (ρ) and Bland Altman limits of agreement (BAloa) between NIRS- and TCD-derived CA measures were computed. BAloa separation < 50° was considered a high absolute agreement.

Results
NIRS- and TCD-derived CA estimates were significantly correlated during supine rest (ρ = 0.22–0.30, N = 111–120) and repeated sit-to-stand transitions (ρ = 0.46–0.61, N = 19–32). BAloa separation ranged between 87° and 112° (supine rest) and 65°–77° (repeated sit to stand transitions).

Conclusion
Criterion validity of NIRS-derived CA measures allows for comparison between groups but was insufficient for clinical application in individuals.
Manometric and pH-monitoring changes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Balla Andrea , Meoli Francesca , Palmieri Livia , Corallino Diletta , Sacchi Maria Carlotta , Ribichini Emanuela , Coletta Diego , Pronio Annamaria , Badiali Danilo , Paganini Alessandro M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Aim of this systematic review is to assess the changes in esophageal motility and acid exposure of the esophagus through esophageal manometry and 24-hours pH-monitoring before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods
Articles in which all patients included underwent manometry and/or 24-hours pH-metry or both, before and after LSG, were included. The search was carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, revealing overall 13,769 articles. Of these, 9702 were eliminated because they have been found more than once between the searches. Of the remaining 4067 articles, further 4030 were excluded after screening the title and abstract because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thirty-seven articles were fully analyzed, and of these, 21 further articles were excluded, finally including 16 articles.

Results
Fourteen and twelve studies reported manometric and pH-metric data from 402 and 547 patients, respectively. At manometry, a decrease of the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure after surgery was observed in six articles. At 24-hours pH-metry, a worsening of the DeMeester score and/or of the acid exposure time was observed in nine articles and the de novo gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) rate that ranged between 17.8 and 69%. A meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity of data.

Conclusions
After LSG a worsening of GERD evaluated by instrumental exams was observed such as high prevalence of de novo GERD. However, to understand the clinical impact of LSG and the burden of GERD over time further long-term studies are necessary.
Evaluation of a laboratory-based high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay for non-COVID-19 patient screening at hospital admission
Authors: Häuser Friederike , Sprinzl Martin F. , Dreis Kim J. , Renzaho Angelique , Youhanen Simon , Kremer Wolfgang M. , Podlech Jürgen , Galle Peter R. , Lackner Karl J. , Rossmann Heidi , Lemmermann Niels A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral rapid antigen tests (RATs) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated recently. However, reliable performance data for laboratory-based, high-throughput antigen tests are lacking. Therefore and in response to a short-term shortage of PCR reagents, we evaluated DiaSorin's LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 antigen test in comparison to RT-qPCR, and concerning the application of screening non-COVID-19 patients on hospital admission. Applying the manufacturer-recommended cut-off of 200 arbitrary units (AU/mL) the specificity of the LIAISON Test was 100%, the overall analytical sensitivity 40.2%. Lowering the cut-off to 100 AU/mL increased the sensitivity to 49.7% and decreased the specificity to 98.3%. Confining the analysis to samples with an RT-qPCR result < 25 Ct resulted in a sensitivity of 91.2%. The quality of the LIAISON test is very similar to that of good RATs described in the literature with the advantage of high throughput and the disadvantage of relatively long analysis time. It passes the WHO quality criteria for rapid antigen tests and is characterized by particularly high specificity. The LIAISON test can therefore be used for the same applications as recommended for RATs by the WHO. Due to limited sensitivity, the LIAISON test should only be used for screening, if PCR-based assays are not available.
Naturalistische Studie zur Wirksamkeit stationärer psychodynamischer Psychotherapie
Authors: Frank Joachim , Huber Dorothea 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie naturalistische Studie mit 552 Patienten erfasst die Wirksamkeit stationärer psychodynamischer Psychotherapie auf Symptombelastung, Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und strukturelle Beeinträchtigung mit dem Gesundheitsfragebogen für Patienten (deutsche Übersetzung des Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ‑D), dem Mentalisierungsfragebogen (Mentalization Questionnaire, MZQ) sowie mit der 16-Item-Version des Inventars der Persönlichkeitsorganisation (IPO-16). Alle Fragebogen wurden von den Patienten vor und nach der Behandlung ausgefüllt. Im Ergebnis zeigten sich auf allen Skalen hochsignifikante Verbesserungen vom Beginn zum Ende der Therapie. Dabei verbesserten sich Patienten mit emotional instabiler Persönlichkeitsstörung („borderline personality disorder“, BPD) am Behandlungsende um das Doppelte, verglichen mit Patienten ohne BPD, bezüglich Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und struktureller Beeinträchtigung. Die Wirksamkeit stationärer psychodynamischer Psychotherapie auf Symptombelastung, Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und strukturelle Beeinträchtigung konnte eindrücklich gezeigt werden. Die Effektstärken liegen im Bereich ähnlicher Untersuchungen. Zwischen Beeinträchtigung der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und struktureller Beeinträchtigung wurden starke Zusammenhänge gefunden. Ebenso hängen die Veränderungen im MZQ und IPO-16 mit den Symptomveränderungen zusammen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie unterstreichen die Relevanz stationärer psychodynamischer Therapie.
Space–time VMS isogeometric analysis of the Taylor–Couette flow
Authors: Aydinbakar Levent , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E. , Kuraishi Takashi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Taylor–Couette flow is a classical fluid mechanics problem that exhibits, depending on the Reynolds number, a range of flow patterns, with the interesting ones having small-scale structures, and sometimes even wavy nature. Accurate representation of these flow patterns in computational flow analysis requires methods that can, with a reasonable computational cost, represent the circular geometry accurately and provide a high-fidelity flow solution. We use the Space–Time Variational Multiscale (ST-VMS) method with ST isogeometric discretization to address these computational challenges and to evaluate how the method and discretization perform under different scenarios of computing the Taylor–Couette flow. We conduct the computational analysis with different combinations of the Reynolds numbers based on the inner and outer cylinder rotation speeds, with different choices of the reference frame, one of which leads to rotating the mesh, with the full-domain and rotational-periodicity representations of the flow field, with both the convective and conservative forms of the ST-VMS, with both the strong and weak enforcement of the prescribed velocities on the cylinder surfaces, and with different mesh refinements. The ST framework provides higher-order accuracy in general, and the VMS feature of the ST-VMS addresses the computational challenges associated with the multiscale nature of the flow. The ST isogeometric discretization enables exact representation of the circular geometry and increased accuracy in the flow solution. In computations where the mesh is rotating, the ST/NURBS Mesh Update Method, with NURBS basis functions in time, enables exact representation of the mesh rotation, in terms of both the paths of the mesh points and the velocity of the points along their paths. In computations with rotational-periodicity representation of the flow field, the periodicity is enforced with the ST Slip Interface method. With the combinations of the Reynolds numbers used in the computations, we cover the cases leading to the Taylor vortex flow and the wavy vortex flow, where the waves are in motion. Our work shows that all these ST methods, integrated together, offer a high-fidelity computational analysis platform for the Taylor–Couette flow and for other classes of flow problems with similar features.
Attribute dependency data analysis for massive datasets by fuzzy transforms
Authors: Di Martino Ferdinando , Sessa Salvatore 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a numerical attribute dependency method for massive datasets based on the concepts of direct and inverse fuzzy transform. In a previous work, we used these concepts for numerical attribute dependency in data analysis: Therein, the multi-dimensional inverse fuzzy transform was useful for approximating a regression function. Here we give an extension of this method in massive datasets because the previous method could not be applied due to the high memory size. Our method is proved on a large dataset formed from 402,678 census sections of the Italian regions provided by the Italian National Statistical Institute (ISTAT) in 2011. The results of comparative tests with the well-known methods of regression, called support vector regression and multilayer perceptron, show that the proposed algorithm has comparable performance with those obtained using these two methods. Moreover, the number of parameters requested in our method is minor with respect to those of the cited in the above two algorithms.
Fully neural object detection solutions for robot soccer
Authors: Szemenyei Márton , Estivill-Castro Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRoboCup is one of the major global AI events, gathering hundreds of teams from the world’s best universities to compete in various tasks ranging from soccer to home assistance and rescue. The commonality of these three seemingly dissimilar tasks is that in order to perform well, the robot needs to excel at the all major AI tasks: perception, control, navigation, strategy and planning. In this work, we focus on the first of these by presenting what is—to our knowledge—the first fully neural vision system for the Nao robot soccer. This is a challenging task, mainly due to the limited computational capabilities of the Nao robot. In this paper, we propose two novel neural network architectures for semantic segmentation and object detection that ensure low-cost inference, while improving accuracy by exploiting the properties of the environment. These models use synthetic transfer learning to be able to learn from a low number of hand-labeled images. The experiments show that our models outperform state-of-the-art methods such as Tiny YOLO at a fraction of the cost.
Anatomical and biochemical studies of Spartium junceum infected by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex ST 87
Authors: Falsini S. , Tani C. , Sambuco G. , Papini A. , Faraoni P. , Campigli S. , Ghelardini L. , Bleve G. , Rizzo D. , Ricciolini M. , Scarpelli I. , Drosera L. , Gnerucci A. , Hand F. Peduto , Marchi G. , Schiff S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpartium junceum L. is a typical species of Mediterranean shrubland areas, also grown in gardens and parks as an ornamental. In recent years in Europe, S. junceum has been recurrently found to be infected by different subspecies and genotypes of the quarantine regulated bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). This work presents for the first time the anatomy of S. junceum plants that we found, by means of genetic and immunochemistry analysis, to be naturally infected by Xf subsp. multiplex ST87 (XfmST87) in Monte Argentario (Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy), a new outbreak area within the EU. Our anatomical observations showed that bacteria colonized exclusively the xylem conductive elements and moved horizontally to adjacent vessels through pits. Interestingly, a pink/violet matrix was observed with Toluidine blue staining in infected conduits indicating a high content of acidic polysaccharides. In particular, when this pink-staining matrix was observed, bacterial cells were either absent or degenerated, suggesting that the matrix was produced by the host plant as a defense response against bacterial spread. In addition, a blue-staining phenolic material was found in the vessels and, at high concentration, in the pits and inter-vessels. SEM micrographs confirmed that polysaccharide and phenolic components showed different structures, which appear to be related to two different morphologies: fibrillary and granular, respectively. Moreover, our LM observations revealed bacterial infection in xylem conductive elements of green shoots and leaves only, and not in those of other plant organs such as roots and flowers.
Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK group bacteria—a registry-based comparative study
Authors: Bläckberg Anna , Morenius Christian , Olaison Lars , Berge Andreas , Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE) caused by bacteria within Haemophilus (excluding Haemophilus influenzae), Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella (HACEK) is rare. This study aimed to describe clinical features of IE caused by HACEK genera in comparison with IE due to other pathogens. Cases of IE due to HACEK were identified through the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE). Clinical characteristics of IE cases caused by HACEK were compared with cases of IE due to other pathogens reported to the same registry. Ninety-six patients with IE caused by HACEK were identified, and this corresponds to 1.8% of all IE cases. Eighty-three cases were definite endocarditis, and the mortality rate was 2%. The median age was 63 years, which was lower compared to patients with IE caused by other pathogens (66, 70 and 73 years respectively, p ≤ 0.01). Patients with IE caused by Haemophilus were younger compared to patients with IE due to Aggregatibacter (47 vs 67 years, p ≤ 0.001). Patients with IE due to HACEK exhibited longer duration from onset of symptoms to hospitalization and had more prosthetic valve endocarditis compared to patients with IE due to Staphylococcus aureus (10 vs 2 days, p ≤ 0.001, and 35 vs 14%, p ≤ 0.001). This is, to date, the largest study on IE due to HACEK. Aggregatibacter was the most common cause of IE within the group. The condition has a subacute onset and often strikes in patients with prosthetic valves, and the mortality rate is relatively low.