bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Some Biochemical Parameters in Vitreous Humor of Rabbits Exposed to Sodium Cyanide
Authors: Elleh B. I. , Bartimaeus E. S. , Igwe F. U. , Tamuno-Emine D. G. , Agoro E. S. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess some biochemical parameters in the vitreous humor of Rabbits exposed to sodium cyanide.
Study Design: This study is an interventional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Animal House, Applied and Environmental Biology Department, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2020 and November 2020.
Methodology: A total of twelve (12) rabbits as indicated by Mead’s formula constituted the sample size. The study was divided into three groups including the control. 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide was administered to the rabbits orally in group one and vitreous humor was collected using standard procedure after thirty minutes. In group two the rabbits were put to death mechanically and 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide was administered to the rabbits after thirty minutes, vitreous humor was collected after thirty minutes using standard procedure. The rabbits in group three, control group, were put to death mechanically and nothing was given to the rabbits, then after thirty minutes vitreous humor was collected using standard procedure. Biochemical parameters investigated included vitreous glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical differences between groups were computed using Graph pad prism 7.0 version developed by Graph pad software, San Siago, Califonia, USA. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance between groups was taken at p<.05.
Results: Vitreous biochemical results showed significant (p<.05) increase in levels of TC, LDL-C, AST, ALT, TB and CB in rabbits given 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide compared to control. Significant (p<.05) decrease in levels of glucose, TP and ALB were also observed. This study also revealed that there was no significant (p<.05) difference in biochemical results of rabbits given 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide thirty minutes after they were put to death mechanically compared to the control. It can be concluded that a lethal dose of sodium cyanide (1 mg/kg) may lead to alterations in vitreous biochemical parameters and this may enhance death differentiation due to sodium cyanide poisoning and other causes of death for example mechanical death.
Conclusion: The findings of this study support a central role for vitreous humor biochemistry in many postmortem forensic and pathological evaluations and it could also be used for death differentiation in sodium cyanide poisoning.
Wide Bandgap Sb2S3 Solar Cells
Authors: Shah Usman Ali , Chen Shiwu , Khalaf Gomaa Mohamed Gomaa , Jin Zhixin , Song Haisheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe wide bandgap Sb2S3 is considered to be one of the most promising absorber layers in single‐junction solar cells and a suitable top‐cell candidate for multi‐junction (tandem) solar cells. However, compared to mature thin‐film technologies, Sb2S3 based thin‐film solar cells are still lagging behind in the power conversion efficiency race, and the highest of just 7.5% has been achieved to date in a sensitized single‐junction structure. Furthermore, to break single junction solar cell based Shockley–Queisser (S–Q) limits, tandem devices with wide bandgap top‐cells and low bandgap bottom‐cells hold a high potential for efficient light conversion. Though matured and desirable bottom‐cell candidates like silicon (Si) are available, the corresponding mature wide bandgap top‐cell candidates are still lacking. Hence, a literature review based on Sb2S3 solar cells is urgently warranted. In this review, the progress and present status of Sb2S3 solar cells are summarized. An emphasis is placed mainly on the improvement of absorber quality and device performance. Moreover, the low‐performance causes and possible overcoming mechanisms are also explained. Last but not least, the potential and feasibility of Sb2S3 in tandem devices are vividly discussed. In the end, several strategies and perspectives for future research are outlined.
Lamellar MXene Composite Aerogels with Sandwiched Carbon Nanotubes Enable Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a High Sulfur Loading
Authors: Zhang Bin , Luo Chong , Zhou Guangmin , Pan Zheng‐Ze , Ma Jiabin , Nishihara Hirotomo , He Yan‐Bing , Kang Feiyu , Lv Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRealizing long cycling stability under a high sulfur loading is an essential requirement for the practical use of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Here, a lamellar aerogel composed of Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbon nanotube (CNT) sandwiches is prepared by unidirectional freeze‐drying to boost the cycling stability of high sulfur loading batteries. The produced materials are denoted parallel‐aligned MXene/CNT (PA‐MXene/CNT) due to the unique parallel‐aligned structure. The lamellae of MXene/CNT/MXene sandwich form multiple physical barriers, coupled with chemical trapping and catalytic activity of MXenes, effectively suppressing lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling under high sulfur loading, and more importantly, substantially improving the LiPS confinement ability of 3D hosts free of micro‐ and mesopores. The assembled Li–S battery delivers a high capacity of 712 mAh g−1 with a sulfur loading of 7 mg cm−2, and a superior cycling stability with 0.025% capacity decay per cycle over 800 cycles at 0.5 C. Even with sulfur loading of 10 mg cm−2, a high areal capacity of above 6 mAh cm−2 is obtained after 300 cycles. This work presents a typical example for the rational design of a high sulfur loading host, which is critical for the practical use of Li–S batteries
Configurational Isomers Induced Significant Difference in All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Hengtao , Chen Hui , Xie Weicheng , Lai Hanjian , Zhao Tingxing , Zhu Yulin , Chen Lin , Ke Chunxian , Zheng Nan , He Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe design of polymer acceptors plays an essential role in the performance of all‐polymer solar cells. Recently, the strategy of polymerized small molecules has achieved great success, but most polymers are synthesized from the mixed monomers, which seriously affects batch‐to‐batch reproducibility. Here, a method to separate γ‐Br‐IC or δ‐Br‐IC in gram scale and apply the strategy of monomer configurational control in which two isomeric polymeric acceptors (PBTIC‐γ‐2F2T and PBTIC‐δ‐2F2T) are produced is reported. As a comparison, PBTIC‐m‐2F2T from the mixed monomers is also synthesized. The γ‐position based polymer (PBTIC‐γ‐2F2T) shows good solubility and achieves the best power conversion efficiency of 14.34% with a high open‐circuit voltage of 0.95 V when blended with PM6, which is among the highest values recorded to date, while the δ‐position based isomer (PBTIC‐δ‐2F2T) is insoluble and cannot be processed after parallel polymerization. The mixed‐isomers based polymer, PBTIC‐m‐2F2T, shows better processing capability but has a low efficiency of 3.26%. Further investigation shows that precise control of configuration helps to improve the regularity of the polymer chain and reduce the π–π stacking distance. These results demonstrate that the configurational control affords a promising strategy to achieve high‐performance polymer acceptors.
Weakening Intermediate Bindings on CuPd/Pd Core/shell Nanoparticles to Achieve Pt‐Like Bifunctional Activity for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Xie Huan , Chen Shaoqing , Liang Jiashun , Wang Tanyuan , Hou Zhufeng , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Chai Guoliang , Li Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough Pd is a potential substitution of Pt‐based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the binding of *H and oxygenated (*O, *OOH, *OH) intermediates on Pd are stronger than on Pt, leading to its inferior activity for HER and ORR. In this work, CuPd/Pd core/shell nanoparticles with an ultrathin Pd shell (0.5 nm) are developed, which demonstrate the Pt‐like bifunctional activity for HER and ORR in acid electrolytes. The overpotential at 350 mA cm−2 for HER and the half‐wave potential for ORR on the optimal CuPd/Pd core/shell NPs are 76 mV and 0.854 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively, which are comparable to that of Pt and among the best of the reported Pd‐based catalysts. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the significantly enhanced HER/ORR activity on CuPd/Pd core/shell NPs with 0.5 nm Pd shell stem from the compressive strain induced downshift of d‐band center for Pd (by 2.0%), which weakens the binding strength of *H and oxygenated intermediates and promotes the reaction kinetics.
Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti‐Inflammatory Treatment of Noninfectious Arthritis
Authors: Chen Long , Wang Yuanzheng , Sun Li , Yan Jerry , Mao Hai‐Quan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNoninfectious arthritis (NIA) comprises a class of chronic and progressive inflammatory disorders that require early‐stage management to prevent disease progression. The most common forms include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gouty arthritis. Current treatments involve nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoids to alleviate clinical symptoms, although regular use of these can result in a high risk of chronic kidney disease and heart failure, as well as severe adverse gastrointestinal effects. Nanomedicine offers unique opportunities to address these challenges and improve therapeutic efficacy due to its ability to deliver therapeutics locally in a sustained manner, thus extending the half‐life, improving bioavailability, and reducing the side effects of these agents. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of various treatment options for NIA and highlights recent progress and emerging strategies in treating NIA with nanomedicine platforms, particularly related to long‐term biosafety and nonspecific targeting in designing nanomedicine delivery systems.
HOTAIR‐Loaded Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Angiogenesis and Wound Healing
Authors: Born Louis J. , Chang Kai‐Hua , Shoureshi Pouria , Lay Frank , Bengali Sameer , Hsu Angela Ting Wei , Abadchi Sanaz Nourmohammadi , Harmon John W. , Jay Steven M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic wounds remain a substantial source of morbidity worldwide. An emergent approach that may be well‐suited to induce the complex, multicellular processes such as angiogenesis that are required for wound repair is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs contain a wide variety of proteins and nucleic acids that enable multifactorial signaling. Here, the capability of EVs is leveraged to be engineered via producer cell modification to investigate the therapeutic potential of EVs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) transfected to overexpress long non‐coding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR). HOTAIR is previously shown by the authors' group to be critical in mediating angiogenic effects of endothelial cell EVs, and MSCs are chosen as EV producer cells for this study due to their widely reported intrinsic angiogenic properties. The results indicate that MSCs overexpressing HOTAIR (HOTAIR‐MSCs) produce EVs with increased HOTAIR content that promote angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetic (db/db) mice. Further, endothelial cells exposed to HOTAIR‐MSC EVs exhibit increased HOTAIR content correlated with upregulation of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor. Thus, this study supports EV‐mediated HOTAIR delivery as a strategy for further exploration toward healing of chronic wounds.
Ethical Considerations of Wearable Technologies in Human Research
Authors: Tu Jiaobing , Gao Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWearable technologies hold great promise for disease diagnosis and patient care. Despite the flourishing research activities in this field, only a handful of wearable devices are commercialized and cleared for medical usage. The successful translation of current proof‐of‐concept prototypes requires extensive in‐human testing. There is a lag between current standards and operation protocols to guide the responsible and ethical conduct of researchers in such in‐human studies and the rapid development of the field. This essay presents relevant ethical concerns in early‐stage human research from a researcher's perspective.
Tissue Engineering for Mimics and Modulations of Immune Functions
Authors: Tao Chao , Wang Dong‐An 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the field of regenerative medicine, advances in tissue engineering have surpassed the reconstruction of individual tissues or organs and begun to work towards engineering systemic factors such as immune objects and functions. The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting and regulating systemic functions in the human body. Engineered immune tissues and organs have shown potential in recovering dysfunctions and aplasia of the immune system and the evasion from immune‐mediated inflammatory responses and rejection elicited by engineered implants from allogeneic or xenogeneic sources are also being pursued to facilitate clinical transplantation of tissue engineered grafts. Here, current progress in tissue engineering to mimic or modulate immune functions is reviewed and elaborated from two perspectives: 1) engineering of immune tissues and organs per se and 2) immune evasion of host immunoinflammatory rejection by tissue‐engineered implants.
Realizing Colorful Holographic Mimicry by Metasurfaces
Authors: Xiong Bo , Xu Yihao , Wang Jianan , Li Lin , Deng Lin , Cheng Feng , Peng Ru‐Wen , Wang Mu , Liu Yongmin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMimicry is a biological camouflage phenomenon whereby an organism can change its shape and color to resemble another object. Herein, the idea of biological mimicry and rich degrees of freedom in metasurface designs are combined to realize holographic mimicry devices. A general mathematical method, called phase matrix transformation, to accomplish the holographic mimicry process is proposed. Based on this method, a dynamic metasurface hologram is designed, which shows an image of a “bird” in the air, and a distinct image of a “fish” when the environment is changed to oil. Furthermore, to make the mimicry behavior more generic, holographic mimicry operating at dual wavelengths is also designed and experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, the fully independent phase modulation realized by phase matrix transformation makes the working efficiency of the device relatively higher than the conventional multiwavelength holographic devices with off‐axis illumination or interleaved subarrays. The work potentially opens a new research paradigm interfacing bionics with nanophotonics, which may produce novel applications for optical information encryption, virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR), and military camouflage systems.
Multifunctional E‐Textiles Based on Biological Phytic Acid‐Doped Polyaniline/Protein Fabric Nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Yuting , Zhang Xu , Cao Jie , Huang Xin , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlexible sensors are the footstone of the internet‐of‐things as they combine one with the real world. However, to date, it's still a challenge to fabricate multifunctional and reliable sensors with ease of approach and eco‐friendly materials. Herein, a multifunctional electronic textile based on biological phytic acid‐doped hierarchically structured polyaniline/protein fabric nanocomposites, is presented. Benefiting from its property of transition in doping and de‐doping state, the E‐textile exhibits practicability in human‐machine interactions, environment monitoring, and flame retardance. Owing to the construction of microfibers conductive network, the E‐textile presents high strain sensitivity and ultralow detection limit (0.1% of strain) for monitoring tiny‐human motions accurately. Meanwhile, it exhibits speedy response to ammonia (1.3 s) and excellent flame retardance which can work steadily after the fire treatment. This novel and sustainable strategy of preparing high‐performance devices with bio‐materials broaden the opportunities for the development of eco‐friendly functional materials and devices.
Compositional Engineering of Hf‐Doped InZnSnO Films for High‐Performance and Stability Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Park Jin‐Hyeok , Seok Hae‐Jun , Kim Chan‐Hwi , Jung Sung Hyeon , Cho Hyung Koun , Kim Han‐Ki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Hf‐doped indium zinc tin oxide (Hf:InZnSnO) channel for high performance and stable transparent thin film transistors (TFTs) is developed by using a simultaneous cosputtering of InZnSnO and HfO2 targets. The effects of In and Hf composition in Hf:InZnSnO channel on the performance and stability under bias stress for the Hf:InZnSnO channel‐based TFTs are investigated. Herein, the In cations enhance the electrical properties, while the Hf cations reduce the oxygen vacancies in the Hf:InZnSnO channel layer. Adjusting the atomic ratio of In of the InZnSnO target improves the performance of the Hf:InZnSnO‐based TFTs, while introducing an adequate amount of HfO2 improves the bias stabilities and hysteresis characteristics of the Hf:InZnSnO‐based TFTs. The transparent TFT with optimized Hf:InZnSnO channel, with a stoichiometry of Hf0.27In25.96Zn6.99Sn6.16O60.62, that is cosputtered at RF power of 100 W applied to InZnSnO target (In:Zn:Sn = 4:1:1 at%), and RF power of 50 W applied to HfO2 target exhibits a field effect mobility of 11.84 cm2 V−1 s−1 and low shift of threshold voltage of less than 2.5 V under bias stress for 3000 s. The high performance and stability of the Hf:InZnSnO channel‐based TFTs demonstrate the feasibility of transparent TFTs‐related next‐generation display applications.
Host tree traits in pasture areas affect forest and pasture specialist epiphyte species differently
Authors: Elias João P. C. , Mortara Sara R. , Nunes‐Freitas André F. , van den Berg Eduardo , Ramos Flavio N. 
Published: April 2021

PremiseEpiphytes have commensal relationships with their host trees. Besides the influence of tree traits, little has been discussed concerning the ecology of epiphytes in disturbed habitats (e.g., pasture). We herein tested whether the occurrences of pasture and forest specialist epiphytes in pastures are affected differently by tree traits. We hypothesized that (H1) the richness and abundance of generalist epiphytes would be positively associated with area availability; (H2) the richness and abundance of forest epiphyte species would be associated both with (H2.a) area availability and (H2.b) tree traits related to higher seed adherence, and/or (H2.c) less severe habitat (e.g., high humidity and more shade).MethodsWe sampled 9567 epiphyte individuals from 16 species on 759 scattered remnant trees. The epiphyte species were divided into two ecological groups: forest specialists and pasture specialists. We evaluated four host tree traits: two related to tree size (crown area and trunk diameter) and two related to habitat type (crown leaf density and bark rugosity).ResultsThe richness and abundance of both pasture and forest specialists were positively related with tree size. However, the abundance of pasture specialists was negatively related with crown leaf density, whereas richness of forest epiphytes was positively related with bark rugosity.ConclusionsLarge scattered trees tend to present higher richness and abundance of both pasture and forest specialist epiphytes compared to the smaller trees. However, high crown leaf density limits abundance of pasture specialist epiphytes, whereas rugose bark increases the richness of forest epiphytes.
Ultrawide Photonic Bandgap and Ultrastrong Photonic Localization Produced by Series of Periodic Networks
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Yang Xiangbo , Deng Dongmei , Liu Hongzhan , Wei Zhongchao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of periodic networks is designed, in which all of the unit cells construct a series of fractal triangles, and their extraordinary optical characteristics for producing ultrawide photonic bandgap (PBG) and ultrastrong photonic localization are investigated. The results indicate that with increasing fractal generation, the number of equivalent triangular loops increases exponentially, and consequently the gap–midgap ratio of the PBG produced by the networks with the integer waveguide length ratio of 1:2 enlarges rapidly and tends to the limit at 200%. For the networks with the noninteger waveguide length ratio of (where ), an extremely narrow passband occurs in the middle of the wide PBG. Furthermore, the ultrastrong photonic localization is generated when the electromagnetic wave with the frequency of the all‐transmission peak in the ultranarrow passband propagates in the networks. This type of fractal triangular networks may have applications to design all‐optical devices, such as highly sensitive optical filters, highly sensitive all‐optical switches, and high‐performance photonic energy‐storage devices.
Stimuli‐Responsive Topological Transformation of a Molecular Borromean Ring via Controlled Oxidation of Thioether Moieties
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Ning , Yu Wei‐Bin , Lin Yue‐Jian , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA Cp*‐Rh based D‐shaped binuclear metallacycle and a template‐free molecular Borromean ring (BR) were obtained in high yield using the semi‐rigid thioether dipyridyl ligand 1,4‐bis[(pyridin‐4‐ylthio)methyl]benzene (Bptmb). The topological transformation from a binuclear metallacycle and a BR to tetranuclear metallacycles was realized via the controlled oxidation of thioethers. The strategy used in this work can be regarded as a new form of stimuli‐responsive post‐synthesis modification (PSM).
Discovery of First Magnesium Fluorooxoborate with Stable Fluorine Terminated Framework for Deep‐UV Nonlinear Optical Application
Authors: Xia Ming , Li Fuming , Mutailipu Miriding , Han Shujuan , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe generated light can be tuned to cover almost the entire spectral range from deep‐ultraviolet to terahertz wavelengths by utilizing the nonlinear optical crystals with a simple frequency doubling process. Among them, the discovery of novel candidates for the production of deep‐ultraviolet light is by extension a great challenge toward realizing the vast potential. Actually, the availability for this process mainly depends on whether the critical performance can be well coexisted in one practical crystal. Herein, the first magnesium fluorooxoborate MgB5O7F3 was synthesized as a new competitive candidate for deep‐ultraviolet nonlinear optical application. It has a sufficiently large nonlinearity and a deep‐ultraviolet phase matching wavelength, indicating that it holds great potential for the production of coherent light below 200 nm. The critical performance enhancement of MgB5O7F3 when compared with its isomorphic phases was demonstrated and discussed. More importantly, we proposed that fluorooxoborate system with the general formula of MB5O7F3 (M=divalent metal) possesses stable fluorine terminated framework, which makes them tend to retain their crystallized space groups unchanged.
Titanocene‐Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition of Bisenones and Comparison with Photoredox Catalysis and Established Methods
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Stückrath Julius B. , Grimme Stefan , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCp2Ti(TFA) is a broadly applicable catalyst for the [2+2] cycloaddition of bisenones by inner‐sphere electron transfer. The attractiveness of this mechanism is shown by comparison with outer‐sphere ET methods. DFT calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a unique unfavorable 5‐exo (the rate‐determining step) and a favorable 4‐exo cyclization.