bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcyphosine promotes the proliferation of glioma cells and serves as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Wang Jiao , Tan Juan , Yao Yue‐Liang , He Zhi‐Cheng , Xie Xiao‐Qing , Yan Ze‐Xuan , Fu Wen‐Juan , Liu Qing , Wang Yan‐Xia , Luo Tao , Bian Xiu‐Wu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCalcyphosine (CAPS) was initially identified from the canine thyroid. It also exists in many types of tumor, but its expression and function in glioma remain unknown. Here we explored the clinical significance and the functional mechanisms of CAPS in glioma. We found that CAPS was highly expressed in glioma and high expression of CAPS was correlated with poor survival, in glioma patients and public databases. Cox regression analysis showed that CAPS was an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Knockdown of CAPS suppressed the proliferation, whereas overexpression of CAPS promoted the proliferation of glioma both in vitro and in vivo. CAPS regulated the G2/M phase transition of the cell cycle, but had no obvious effect on apoptosis. CAPS affected PLK1 phosphorylation through interaction with MYPT1. CAPS knockdown decreased p‐MYPT1 at S507 and p‐PLK1 at S210. Expression of MYPT1 S507 phosphomimic rescued PLK1 phosphorylation and the phenotype caused by CAPS knockdown. The PLK1 inhibitor volasertib enhanced the therapeutic effect of temozolomide in glioma. Our data suggest that CAPS promotes the proliferation of glioma by regulating the cell cycle and the PLK1 inhibitor volasertib might be a chemosensitizer of glioma. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Fabrication of polyrotaxane and graphene nanoplate composites with high thermal conductivities
Authors: Iida Masaki , Goto Taku , Mayumi Koichi , Maeda Rina , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Ito Tsuyohito , Shimizu Yoshiki , Ito Kohzo , Hakuta Yukiya , Terashima Kazuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, rapid progress in the development of flexible electronic devices has increased the demand for materials with low Young's modulus and high thermal conductivities. In this study, we successfully fabricated such composites with polyrotaxane (PR) by applying highly concentrated graphene nanoplates (GNPs). A high thermal conductivity of 25 W m−1 K−1 was achieved along the in‐plane direction of the composite while maintaining a low Young's modulus of 147 MPa at 35 vol% of GNPs. This thermal conductivity is higher than those achieved with PR composites containing 56 vol% of hexagonal boron nitride and 37 vol% of aligned carbon nanofiber/carbon nanotubes.
Racial and ethnic differences in uptake of cell‐free fetal DNA aneuploidy screening in an urban safety net hospital
Authors: Yarrington Christina D. , Smith‐Lin Carolyn , Neuhalfen Rachel , Hanchate Amresh , Connors Philip , Wang Catharine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify racial disparities in cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) first‐line aneuploidy screening use among advanced maternal age women at a safety net hospital.Study DesignThis retrospective cohort study of women 35 and older who delivered at Boston Medical Center from 2012 to 2015 compared to women who used cffDNA for first‐line aneuploidy screening to those who did not. Maternal conventional demographics and social determinants of health were collected. We investigated the relationship between race and odds of cffDNA use, adjusting for covariates by stepwise logistic regression.ResultsWe identified 1223 women. Seventy‐two percent were publicly insured. Upon adjusting for parity, prenatal care site, year of delivery, and insurance status, odds of cffNDA use remained lower for Black and Hispanic women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30, 0.71 and aOR 0.34 [0.21, 0.55]) compared to White women. Language proved to be an effect modifier among Hispanic women that attenuated but did not resolve the disparity in use among Hispanic compared to White women. Racial differences in cffDNA use persisted across the study period.ConclusionDisparity in cffDNA screening uptake exists by race in this diverse urban population. The gap in utilization between Hispanic and White women may be related to primary preferred language.
Allosteric regulation within the highly interconnected structural scaffold of AraC/XylS homologs tolerates a wide range of amino acid changes
Authors: Picard Hunter R. , Schwingen Kristen S. , Green Lisa M. , Shis David L. , Egan Susan M. , Bennett Matthew R. , Swint‐Kruse Liskin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo create bacterial transcription “circuits” for biotechnology, one approach is to recombine natural transcription factors, promoters, and operators. Additional novel functions can be engineered from existing transcription factors such as the E. coli AraC transcriptional activator, for which binding to DNA is modulated by binding L‐arabinose. Here, we engineered chimeric AraC/XylS transcription activators that recognized ara DNA binding sites and responded to varied effector ligands. The first step, identifying domain boundaries in the natural homologs, was challenging because (i) no full‐length, dimeric structures were available and (ii) extremely low sequence identities (≤10%) among homologs precluded traditional assemblies of sequence alignments. Thus, to identify domains, we built and aligned structural models of the natural proteins. The designed chimeric activators were assessed for function, which was then further improved by random mutagenesis. Several mutational variants were identified for an XylS•AraC chimera that responded to benzoate; two enhanced activation to near that of wild‐type AraC. For an RhaR•AraC chimera, a variant with five additional substitutions enabled transcriptional activation in response to rhamnose. These five changes were dispersed across the protein structure, and combinatorial experiments testing subsets of substitutions showed significant non‐additivity. Combined, the structure modeling and epistasis suggest that the common AraC/XylS structural scaffold is highly interconnected, with complex intra‐protein and inter‐domain communication pathways enabling allosteric regulation. At the same time, the observed epistasis and the low sequence identities of the natural homologs suggest that the structural scaffold and function of transcriptional regulation are nevertheless highly accommodating of amino acid changes.
Flexural response characteristics of ultra‐high performance concrete made with steel microfibers and macrofibers
Authors: Karim Rizwan , Shafei Behrouz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUltra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) is increasingly used for various engineering applications, owing to its superior strength properties. Such properties, however, can be accompanied by workability issues, especially if the dosage of steel fibers is significantly increased. As a potential solution, this study explored the use of a combination of steel microfibers and macrofibers through a holistic experimental testing program. This was to understand the effects of steel fiber combinations on the workability and flexural strength of various UHPC mixtures. The microfibers were investigated for five different dosages from 1.0% to 3.0% (with an increment of 0.5%). In parallel, two mixtures were prepared with a 2.0% dosage of macrofibers in the form of twisted wire and hooked fibers. At the next stage, six additional mixtures were prepared with a combination of microfibers and macrofibers of various dosages. Further to the measurements extracted from the workability and flexural strength tests, digital image correlation (DIC) analyses were employed to obtain firsthand information about the widths and depths of cracks observed in the flexural specimens tested under an increasing load. The outcome of this study showed how a combination of microfibers and macrofibers can contribute to improving the flexural response characteristics of UHPC, especially without having to increase the dosage of steel fibers to the ranges that can adversely affect the mixture's workability.
Growth patterns of monochorionic twin pregnancy complicated by Type‐III selective fetal growth restriction
Authors: Shinar S. , Xing W. , Lewi L. , Slaghekke F. , Yinon Y. , Raio L. , Baud D. , DeKoninck P. , Melamed N. , Huszti E. , Sun L. , Van Mieghem T. ,   Collaborators
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesLittle is known regarding fetal growth patterns in monochorionic twin pregnancy complicated by Type‐III selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR). We aimed to assess fetal growth and umbilical artery Doppler pattern in Type‐III sFGR across gestation and evaluate the effect of changing Doppler flow pattern on growth and intertwin growth discordance.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all Type‐III sFGR pregnancies managed at nine fetal centers over a 12‐year time period. Higher‐order multiple pregnancy and cases with major fetal anomaly or other monochorionicity‐related complications at presentation were excluded. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) was assessed on ultrasound for each twin pair at five timepoints (16–20, 21–24, 25–28, 29–32 and > 32 weeks' gestation) and compared with singleton and uncomplicated monochorionic twin EFW. EFW and intertwin EFW discordance were compared between pregnancies with normalization of umbilical artery Doppler of the smaller twin later in pregnancy and those with persistently abnormal Doppler.ResultsOverall, 328 pregnancies (656 fetuses) met the study criteria. In Type‐III sFGR, the smaller twin had a lower EFW than an average singleton fetus (EFW Z‐score ranging from −1.52 at 16 weeks to −2.69 at 36 weeks) and an average monochorionic twin in uncomplicated pregnancy (Z‐score ranging from −1.73 at 16 weeks to −1.49 at 36 weeks) throughout the entire gestation, while the larger twin had a higher EFW than an average singleton fetus until 22 weeks' gestation and was similar in EFW to an average uncomplicated monochorionic twin throughout gestation. As pregnancy advanced, growth velocity of both twins decreased, with the larger twin remaining appropriately grown and the smaller twin becoming more growth restricted. Intertwin EFW discordance remained stable throughout gestation. On multivariable longitudinal modeling, normalization of fetal umbilical artery Doppler was associated with better growth of the smaller twin (P = 0.002) but not the larger twin (P = 0.1), without affecting the intertwin growth discordance (P = 0.09).ConclusionsAbnormal fetal growth of the smaller twin in Type‐III sFGR was evident early in pregnancy, while EFW of the larger twin remained normal throughout gestation. Normalization of umbilical artery Doppler was associated with improved fetal growth of the smaller twin. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Scattering amplitudes for monopoles: pairwise little group and pairwise helicity
Authors: Csáki Csaba , Hong Sungwoo , Shirman Yuri , Telem Ofri , Terning John , Waterbury Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOn-shell methods are particularly suited for exploring the scattering of electrically and magnetically charged objects, for which there is no local and Lorentz invariant Lagrangian description. In this paper we show how to construct a Lorentz-invariantS-matrix for the scattering of electrically and magnetically charged particles, without ever having to refer to a Dirac string. A key ingredient is a revision of our fundamental understanding of multi-particle representations of the Poincaré group. Surprisingly, the asymptotic states for electric-magnetic scattering transform with an additional little group phase, associated withpairsof electrically and magnetically charged particles. The corresponding “pairwise helicity” is identified with the quantized “cross product” of charges,e1g2− e2g1, for every charge-monopole pair, and represents the extra angular momentum stored in the asymptotic electromagnetic field. We define a new kind of pairwise spinor-helicity variable, which serves as an additional building block for electric-magnetic scattering amplitudes. We then construct the most general 3-pointS-matrix elements, as well as the full partial wave decomposition for the 2→2 fermion-monopoleS-matrix. In particular, we derive the famous helicity flip in the lowest partial wave as a simple consequence of a generalized spin-helicity selection rule, as well as the full angular dependence for the higher partial waves. Our construction provides a significant new achievement for the on-shell program, succeeding where the Lagrangian description has so far failed.
Ex vivo assessment of the buccal and oral bone by CBCT
Authors: Ruetters M. , Kim T.-S. , Hagenfeld D. , Kronsteiner D. , Gehrig H. , Lux C.-J. , Sen S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Identifying buccal and oral bone as an important supporting periodontal structure for teeth provides important information for treatment planning in periodontics and orthodontics. This study aims to add evidence to the knowledge of preciseness of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurements of the vertical dimension of buccal and oral bone. The hypothesis is that CBCT is an accurate and reliable method to measure vertical vestibular and oral bone loss.

Methods
The amount of vertical buccal and oral bone loss (bl) of 260 sites of 10 human cadavers was investigated clinically and radiographically by CBCT. Radiographic measurements were rated by two blinded raters. Measurements and the corresponding differences between clinical and radiological findings are described by medians and quartiles (Q1–Q3). For statistical analysis, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman plots were calculated.

Results
The CCC between the raters was 0.994 (95% confidence interval 0.992–0.995). The median bone loss (bl) distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bony defect (BD) was 3.5 mm (range 3–5 mm). The median bl measured in the CBCT was 3.8 mm (range 3.1–4.8 mm). The median difference of the 2 measurements for all sites included in the study (N = 260) was −0.2 mm (−0.7 to 0.3 mm).

Conclusions
CBCT seems to be an accurate and highly reliable method to detect and describe vertical buccal and oral bone loss. It could improve planning and prediction for successful combined periodontal and orthodontic therapies.
Football-related injuries are the major reason for the career end of professional male football players
Authors: Koch Matthias , Klügl Martin , Frankewycz Borys , Lang Siegmund , Worlicek Michael , Popp Daniel , Alt Volker , Krutsch Werner 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Little is known about the consequences of injuries on professional male football players’ career and retirement period. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of injuries that male professional football players endure during their career, reasons for the end of their career and the post-career phase of retirement.

Methods
In a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study, retired male professional football players of the German Bundesliga were investigated by a standardised questionnaire to analyse the history of injuries sustained during their professional football career, the reasons for ending their career, their current health status and their suggestions for future prevention strategies.

Results
Most of the 116 analysed players (n = 73 (62.9%)) stated an injury as the reason for ending their professional career. Relevant injuries were mainly located in the lower extremities (n = 587 (61.3%)) with a focus on the knee (p < 0.001) and ankle (p < 0.001). A significant majority of the participants who had retired due to injury described degenerative symptoms, such as pain or instability, and were diagnosed with osteoarthritis after retirement (p < 0.001). These players had also often been affected by symptoms of depression during their career, which had decreased significantly after retirement. Moreover, players who had not retired due to injury had significantly better overall health status and quality of life after retirement.

Conclusion
Football-related injuries have a significant impact on the career end of professional male football players and their health status after retirement. Future prevention strategies need to particularly address injuries to the knees and ankles and to implement measures for preventing osteoarthritis after retirement.

Level of evidence

Level III
Towards a traceable divider for composite voltage waveforms below 1 kV
Authors: Galliana F. , Caria S. E. , Roccato P. E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the framework of the European Project 19NRM07 HV-com2 supporting the standardization in high-voltage testing with composite and combined wave shapes, a divider to employ in a test set-up for validation of electrical devices submitted to composite voltages below 1 kV has been developed at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) and currently is under extensive testing. After a simulation stage, an available divider has been modified to comply with the IEC 60,060 requirements in terms of step response and scale factor. To be suitably fast in replying to step voltages, an adjustment of the components of the low-voltage arm has been made. The divider has been calibrated with traceability to the relevant INRIM National Standards and characterized exploiting its scale factor at different voltages and frequencies. The divider has been then inserted in a set-up with a sinusoidal generator, an impulse generator and coupling–blocking elements to carry out tests at low voltages (below 1 kV) with single voltages. In these tests, the divider showed a satisfactory attitude as converting device and its scale factor is traceable with suitable uncertainty.
A representation theoretic explanation of the Borcea–Brändén characterization
Authors: Leake Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2009, Borcea and Brändén characterized all linear operators on multivariate polynomials which preserve the property of being non-vanishing (stable) on products of prescribed open circular regions. We give a representation theoretic interpretation of their findings, which generalizes and simplifies their result and leads to a conceptual unification of many related results in polynomial stability theory. At the heart of this unification is a generalized Grace’s theorem which addresses polynomials whose roots are all contained in some real interval or ray. This generalization allows us to extend the Borcea–Brändén result to characterize a certain subclass of the linear operators which preserve such polynomials.
The local fundamental group of a Kawamata log terminal singularity is finite
Authors: Braun Lukas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe prove a conjecture of Kollár stating that the local fundamental group of a klt singularity x is finite. In fact, we prove a stronger statement, namely that the fundamental group of the smooth locus of a neighbourhood of x is finite. We call this the regional fundamental group. As the proof goes via a local-to-global induction, we simultaneously confirm finiteness of the orbifold fundamental group of the smooth locus of a weakly Fano pair.
Outcomes of Patients with Anastomotic Leakage After Transhiatal, McKeown or Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Verstegen Moniek H. P. , Slaman Annelijn E. , Klarenbeek Bastiaan R. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Rosman Camiel , van Workum Frans 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leakage has a great impact on clinical outcomes after esophagectomy. It has never been studied whether anastomotic leakage is of equal severity between different types of esophagectomy (i.e., transhiatal, McKeown and Ivor Lewis) in terms of postoperative mortality and morbidity.MethodsAll esophageal cancer patients with anastomotic leakage after transhiatal, McKeown or Ivor Lewis esophagectomy between 2011 and 2019 were selected from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA) registry. The primary outcome was 30‐day/in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, re‐operation and ICU readmission rate.ResultsData from 1030 patients with anastomotic leakage after transhiatal (n=287), McKeown (n=397) and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (n=346) were evaluated. The 30‐day/in‐hospital mortality rate was 4.5% in patients with leakage after transhiatal esophagectomy, 8.1% after McKeown and 8.1% after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (P=0.139). After correction for confounders, leakage after transhiatal resection was associated with lower mortality (OR 0.152–0.699, P=0.004), but mortality after McKeown and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy was similar. Re‐operation rate was 24.0% after transhiatal, 40.6% after McKeown and 41.3% after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (P<0.001). ICU readmission rate was 24.0% after transhiatal, 37.8% after McKeown and 43.4% after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (P<0.001).ConclusionThis study in patients with anastomotic leakage confirms a strong association between severity of clinical consequences and different types of esophagectomy. It supports the hypothesis that cervical leakage is generally less severe than intrathoracic leakage. The clinical impact of anastomotic leakage should be taken into account, in addition to its incidence, when different types of esophagectomy are compared by clinicians or researchers.
The Impact of Obesity on Renal Trauma Outcome: An Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank from 2013 to 2016
Authors: Hakam Nizar , Nabavizadeh Behnam , Sadighian Michael J. , Holler Jordan , Shibley Patrick , Li Kevin D. , Low Patrick , Amend Gregory , Stein Deborah M. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe obesity paradox has been recently demonstrated in trauma patients, where improved survival was associated with overweight and obese patients compared to patients with normal weight, despite increased morbidity. Little is known whether this effect is mediated by lower injury severity. We aim to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and renal trauma injury grade, morbidity, and in‐hospital mortality.MethodsA retrospective cohort of adults with renal trauma was conducted using 2013–2016 National Trauma Data Bank. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess outcomes of interest across BMI categories with normal weight as reference, while adjusting for relevant covariates including kidney injury grade.ResultsWe analyzed 15181 renal injuries. Increasing BMI above normal progressively decreased the risk of high‐grade renal trauma (HGRT). Subgroup analysis showed that this relationship was maintained in blunt injury, but there was no association in penetrating injury. Overweight (OR 1.02, CI 0.83–1.25, p = 0.841), class I (OR 0.92, CI 0.71–1.19, p = 0.524), and class II (OR 1.38, CI 0.99–1.91, p = 0.053) obesity were not protective against mortality, whereas class III obesity (OR 1.46, CI 1.03–2.06, p = 0.034) increased mortality odds. Increasing BMI by category was associated with a stepwise increase in odds of acute kidney injury, cardiovascular events, total hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit LOS, and ventilator days.ConclusionsIncreasing BMI was associated with decreased risk of HGRT in blunt trauma. Overweight and obesity were associated with increased morbidity but not with a protective effect on mortality. The obesity paradox does not exist in kidney trauma when injury grade is accounted for.