bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist expression in epithelial cells of human endometrium
Authors: Fukuda M. , Azuma C. , Kanai T. , Koyama M. , Kimura T. , Saji F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To examine the expression of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) in the human endometrium in the follicular and luteal phases. Methods: The concentrations of IL‐1α and IL‐1β in the culture supernatants of endometrial cells were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Transcription of the IL‐1ra gene in the endometrium was investigated by reverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Human endometrium was immunohistochemically stained using a monoclonal antibody specific to IL‐1ra. Results: The concentrations of IL‐1α and IL‐1β in the culture supernatants were 11 and 55 pg/ml, respectively, in the follicular phase, and 10 and 40 pg/ml, respectively, in the luteal phase. The concentration of IL‐1ra was 465 pg/ml in the follicular phase and 1710 pg/ml in the luteal phase. Densitometric analysis of the reverse PCR products showed that the expression of IL‐1ra mRNA was increased in endometrial cells in the luteal phase. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that epithelial cells were the main source of IL‐1ra in human endometrium. Conclusions: Human endometrial cells produce IL‐1 (mainly IL‐1β) and IL‐1ra. The level of IL‐1ra production in human endometrial epithelial cells was greater in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase due to the increased transcription of the IL‐1ra gene.
Free alpha‐subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin in preeclampsia
Authors: Moodley D. , Moodley J. , Buck R. , Haneef R. , Payne A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To investigate free α‐human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a marker of preeclampsia. Methods: Four groups of patients were studied: normal pregnancies, preeclampsia, eclampsia and normal pregnant women < 20 weeks' gestation. Patients were further divided according to parity and gestational age (≤20, 21–30, 31–40 weeks). An immunoradiometric assay employing monoclonal antibodies specific for free α‐hCG was used. Results: A total of 313 patients were analyzed. Thirty‐four patients ≤20 weeks' gestation were followed until delivery: five (14.7%) developed preeclampsia; none had abnormal α‐hCG levels before onset of preeclampsia. Patients with preeclampsia (21–30 weeks' gestation) demonstrated a mean α‐hCG level greater than that of normotensive controls but this was not statistically significant. Between 31 and 40 weeks' gestation, mean α‐hCG levels in the hypertensive and control groups were 210.8 ng/ml and 115.8 ng/ml, respectively (P < 0.001). A stronger association was observed between α‐hCG and preeclampsia with increasing gestational age (relative risk [RR]2.07, 21–30 weeks; RR 3.02, 31–40 weeks) and severity (RR 4.51, mild; RR 12.15, severe; RR 16.88, eclampsia). Conclusion: There is a strong association between α‐hCG and preeclampsia, nevertheless this test is unsuitable for predicting preeclampsia.
Removal of levonorgestrel capsules from the biceps muscle
Authors: Creinin M.D. , Klaisle C.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMultiple levonorgestrel implants were identified and removed from below the biceps fascia using radiography to assist in localization, axillary block for anesthesia, careful dissection, and palpation of the implants within the deep muscle belly. This difficult implant removal demonstrates the importance of both a clinician experienced in levonorgestrel implant removal and a general surgeon experienced in arm surgery when performing such procedures.
Non‐closure of visceral peritoneum at abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: Kucuk M , Okman T.K 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOur purpose was to determine whether non‐closure of the visceral peritoneum alters post‐operative outcome at abdominal hysterectomy. A prospective, randomized trial was performed. Of the 100 evaluable subjects, 50 had the visceral peritoneum left open whereas 50 were closed. Patients were observed for evidence of morbidity after the operation. Analysis of data was performed with use of the unpaired t‐test for continuous variables. The visceral peritonization process at abdominal hysterectomy does not provide immediate post‐operative benefits while unnecessarily lengthening surgical time and anesthesia exposure. We suggest that visceral peritonization process can be abolished at abdominal hysterectomy.
Bacterial adherence and immune response in recurrent urinary tract infection
Authors: Suman E. , Gopalkrishna Bhat K. , Hegde B.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To study the significance of bacterial adherence and humoral immune response in the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infection in adult women. Methods: The study population consisted of 30 women with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and 30 healthy women as controls. Bacterial adherence to vaginal epithelial cells was studied. The concentration of serum and urine antibodies against mixed coliform antigen and clinical isolate was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The surface hydrophobicity of the organisms was determined. Student's unpaired t‐test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: There was an increased adherence of bacteria to vaginal epithelial cells of women with recurrent UTI. The SIgA level in urine was low compared with other antibodies. There was good correlation between the level of free urinary IgG antibody and bacterial adherence. Conclusions: This study showed that increased receptivity of vaginal epithelial cells to pathogens and lower local immunity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of recurrent UTI in females.
Tap test, shake test and phosphatidylglycerol in the assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity
Authors: Kucuk M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: No single test of amniotic fluid has yet been found completely reliable, easily performed and universally applicable in the prediction of fetal pulmonary maturity. Setting: Department of obstetrics and gynecology of a university hospital. Method: The tap test and shake test were compared to the phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on amniotic fluid samples in 180 fetuses. Results: We found that the tap test results were correlated to the absence or presence of the respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn. When the tap test was evaluated at 5 min, the sensitivity (80.00%), specificity (91.03%) and predictive value for maturity (94.96%) and immaturity (68.29%) were comparable to those of the PG, which has a sensitivity of 82.85%, specificity of 92.41% and predictive value for maturity of 95.71% and immaturity of 72.50%. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the tap test can be a valuable clinical procedure.
Trends and causes of maternal mortality in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kaupova N , Nukusheva S , Biktasheva H , Goyaux N , Thonneau P 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to determine trends in the rate and causes of maternal mortality in Kazakhstan. Methods: Maternal deaths occurring between 1960 and 1996 in the 19 oblast (administrative regions) of Kazakhstan were documented and analyzed. Results: After an initial phase of decrease in the period 1960–1980, the level of maternal mortality in Kazakhstan has been stable at 70–80 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births. Maternal deaths due to hypertension and abortion complications have not substantially decreased. Over the last 10 years, illegal abortions have accounted for most Kazakh maternal deaths resulting from abortion complications. Conclusion: To reduce the maternal death rate, the Kazakh health authorities and health workers (obstetricians, midwives, health educators) must develop and rapidly implement maternal health and family planning policies.
On the applicability of two different stimulation techniques for intra‐operative peroneal nerve conduction testing
Authors: Nebelung W. , Wissel H. , Awiszus F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDysfunction of the peroneal nerve is an important complication of knee surgery. We compared two monitoring procedures of peroneal nerve function during a standardized operation, a closing wedge high tibial osteotomy. For two types of stimulation the evoked compound motor unit action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded on the tibialis anterior muscle. We used direct perineural electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve distal to the cuff (dCMAPs) after nerve identification in the surgical field. Additionally, magnetic stimulation of the sacral plexus proximal to the cuff (pCMAPs) was performed. It was found that dCMAPs were recorded during almost one hour of tourniquet time whereas the pCMAPs were blocked after 25–30 min in 9 out of 11 cases. On the other hand, the CMAP obtained after proximal stimulation exhibited a latency shift with tourniquet yielding an indicator of ischaemic changes present beneath and distal to the tourniquet cuff. In conclusion, different applicabilities of both stimulation techniques under tourniquet conditions were demonstrated. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of high‐intensity running in rectus femoris muscle fiber in rats
Authors: Díaz‐Herrera Pilar , García‐Castellano José M. , Torres Ana , Morcuende José A. , Calbet José A. L. , Sarrat René 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effect of a 12‐week high‐intensity intermittent exercise program on fiber type composition and the oxidative capacity of rectus femoris skeletal muscle from 20 male Wistar rats (Trained, n = 10; Sedentary, n = 10) was histochemically determined. The training exercise program was developed in a motorized treadmill. It consisted of four running bouts of 2 min duration at 48 m/min, alternated with recovery intervals of 4 min. Training increased relative cross‐sectional area of oxidative fibers (I, IIA, IIX) and decreased the same parameter in type IIB non‐oxidative fibers (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that this type of strength exercise program is enough to induce changes in muscle fiber composition. This opens a possibility to use this kind of exercise in preventing and treating muscle atrophy. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Microglial response to the neurotoxicity of 6‐hydroxydopamine in neonatal rat cerebellum
Authors: Podkletnova I. , Rothstein J.D. , Helén P. , Alho H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDepletion of noradrenaline in newborn rats by 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) affects the postnatal development and reduces the granular cell area in the neocerebellum (lobules V–VII). During the first postnatal month, Bergmann glial fibers guide the migration of immature granule cells to the internal granule cell layer. Microglia and Bergmann glia may play an important role in this process, but the exact mechanism behind this phenomenon is not known. We studied the effect of systemic administration of 6‐OHDA on the expression and localization on microglia and Bermann glia in the neonatal cerebellum by immunohistochemistry. In the neocerebellum, 6‐OHDA treatment caused a significant increase in the number of activated microglia. The increase was observed mainly in the granule cell layer and the cerebellar medulla. Bergmann glial cells in treated brains were abnormally located, did not form intimate associations with Purkinje cells, and the glial fibers were structurally different. Our findings indicate that a noradrenergic influence may be necessary for the normal maturation and migration of granule cells, and abnormal migration may be the result of Bergmann glia destruction and the activation of microglia. Activated microglia in the granule cell layer may be used as a marker for an injured cerebellar area.
Fucosylated glycans in the periventricular structures and the cerebrospinal fluid of the fetal rat forebrain. An autoradiographic and lectin binding histiotopic study
Authors: Mareš Vladislav , Brückner Gert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOur autoradiographic 3H‐fucose incorporation study of the brains of 20‐day‐old rat fetuses showed that the synthesis of fucosylated glycans is significantly higher in the ventricular germinative zone of the forebrain hemisphere than in the more superficial layers, including the cortical plate. Intense incorporation of 3H‐fucose also occurred in the choroid plexus, both its epithelial and stromal component, in the primordial ependymal lining of the lateral ventricles, meninges and capillaries of the forebrain parenchyma. In the lateral ventricles, densely labeled microprecipitates of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were occasionally observed. The histiotopic differences in 3H‐fucose labeling were absent, or were much less expressed, in the autoradiograms prepared from unfixed cryostat sections containing mainly unincorporated isotope. This indicates that the blood‐mediated supply of 3H‐fucose to the studied brain compartments was essentially equal and our incorporation data reflect actual differences in the rate of fucosylation within the forebrain hemispheres. The cytochemical lectin‐binding assay, carried out with Ulex europaeus and Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinins, showed that regions with a higher rate of 3H‐fucose incorporation were also richer in fucose‐bearing glycoconjugates. The study revealed that the periventricular regions and the CSF of fetal rat forebrain form a fucosylated glycan‐enriched complex, which represents a new chemoarchitectonic feature that may be of importance for maintaining the germinative properties of the ventricular neuroepithelium and the growth of the hemispheric ventricles.
Human neuroblastoma cell lines regain catecholamine fluorescence when xenografted into athymic (nude) mice
Authors: Tomayko Mary M. , Triche Timothy J. , Reynolds C.Patrick 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDetection of catecholamine production by neuroblastoma is a useful tumor marker. The majority of neuroblastoma patients have elevated levels of urinary catecholamines and/or their metabolites, and have tumors, which show histochemical evidence of catecholamines using glyoxylic acid‐induced catecholamine fluorescence. By contrast, continuous cell lines derived from neuroblastomas lack catecholamine fluorescence in vitro. In this study, we report that 11 out of 12 human neuroblastoma cell lines established from catecholamine‐positive tumors displayed histochemical evidence of catecholamines when grown as xenografts in athymic (nude) mice. Catecholamine fluorescence in these xenograft tumors decayed over a 5 day period when the cells were placed into tissue culture. Xenograft tumors of cell lines derived from four catecholamine‐negative neuroblastomas or seven primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) did not show catecholamine fluorescence. Ultrastructural comparisons of cell lines in vitro with their corresponding tumors in vivo showed that six of eight cell lines had fewer dense core (neurosecretory) granules in vitro compared to the more readily detectable dense core granules seen in nude mouse tumor tissue. These data indicate that catecholamine synthesis and/or storage in human neuroblastoma cells requires factor(s) not present in the in vitro environment. As neuroblastoma cell lines derived from catecholamine‐positive tumors retain the ability to produce and store catecholamines in vivo, such cell lines can be used to identify factors critical to catecholamine production in human neurons.
Hypothyroidism alters the effect of GTP on adenylyl cyclase in forebrain and hindbrain synaptosomal membranes from 15‐day‐old rats
Authors: Leung F.C.Lilian , Saggerson E.David , Clark John B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effect of GTP concentration on forskolin‐stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was examined in synaptosomal membranes from 15‐day‐old rats that were hypothyroid due to administration of propylthiouracil and a low‐iodine diet to the mothers during pregnancy and suckling. In membranes from the forebrain hypothyroidism abolished the overall stimulatory effect of GTP, which was seen in the euthyroid case. In membranes from the hindbrain hypothyroidism had the opposite effect in that there was an enhancement of an overall stimulatory effect of GTP. It is suggested that these findings reflect changes during early development of the brain in the expression of various G‐proteins and/or the expression of different isoforms of adenylyl cyclase.
C2H2‐171 : A novel human cDNA representing a developmentally regulated poz domain/zinc finger protein preferentially expressed in brain
Authors: Becker Kevin G. , Lee Insong J. , Nagle James W. , Canning Rachel D. , Gado Ameer M. , Torres Rosarelis , Polymeropoulos Mihael H. , Massa Paul T. , Biddison William E. , Drew Paul D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe describe a novel human zinc finger cNDA, C2H2‐171. This cDNA represents an mRNA which encodes a protein of 484 amino acids and a calculated molecular weight of 54 kD. Four zinc finger‐like domains are found in the C‐terminal end of the protein. At the N‐terminus, C2H2‐171 contains a POZ/tramtrack‐like domain similar to that found in the tumor associated zinc finger proteins LAZ‐3/BCL‐6 and PLZ‐F, as well as in non‐zinc finger proteins. C2H2‐171 RNA is preferentially expressed in the brain, and increases during the course of murine development, with maximal expression in the adult. C2H2‐171 RNA is differentially expressed in brain regions, with the highest level of expression in the cerebellum. C2H2‐171 RNA was expressed at high levels in primary cerebellar granule cell neurons compared to astrocytes. The gene encoding C2H2‐171 is highly conserved in vertebrates, and maps to the terminus of human chromosome 1 (1q44‐ter). This chromosomal location is associated with a number of cytogenetic aberrations including those involving brain developmental anomalies and tumorigenesis. These data suggest that C2H2‐171 may play an important role in vertebrate brain development and function.
Developmental regulation of mouse brain monomeric acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Moreno Ricardo D. , Campos Eliseo O. , Dajas Federico , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) molecular forms were studied during mouse brain development. Mouse embryos expressed a monomeric (G1) and a tetrameric (G4) AChE form. Our results indicate that G4 AChE expressed at embryonic day (ED) 9 and ED15 could be purified by acridinium‐Sepharose chromatography and shared similar biochemical and kinetic properties with the adult form. However, the G1 form expressed at either embryonic stage did not bind to acridinium, was not inhibited by excess substrate, and possessed higher Km and lower Vmax values than the adult G1 form. Two peripheral anionic binding site inhibitors, fasciculin and propidium, had a significantly lower affinity for the monomeric form at ED9. Results are discussed in terms of the biological significance of the embryonic G1 form, and its resemblance to the AChE activity found, associated with the senile plaques present in the brains of Alzheimer's patients.
Gender‐ and age‐dependent differences in latent inhibition following pre‐weaning non‐handling : implications for a neurodevelopmental animal model of schizophrenia
Authors: Shalev U. , Feldon J. , Weiner I. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLatent inhibition (LI) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus as a consequence of its prior nonreinforced pre‐exposure, and is considered to index the capacity of an organism to ignore irrelevant stimuli. LI disruption has received increasing attention as an animal model of the widely described attentional deficit of schizophrenia, consisting of an inability to ignore irrelevant stimuli. The present experiments investigated the effects of infantile manipulations on the development of LI. Male and female rats handled or nonhandled in infancy (days 1–22), were tested at 3 and 16 months. Young handled animals had lower emotional reactivity than nonhandled, and this difference persisted in females at 16 months. At 3 months, LI, poorer conditioning of stimulus pre‐exposed as compared to nonpre‐exposed rats, was obtained in handled and nonhandled females, as well as in handled males, but was absent in nonhandled males. This pattern changed at 16 months : both nonhandled males and females failed to show LI. These gender‐ and age‐dependent effects of pre‐weaning manipulations on LI loss may provide an animal parallel to the susceptibility of young adult males to schizophrenia and the attenuation of gender differences in long‐term outcome schizophrenia.
Appearance and maturation of synaptic plasticity during juvenile development in aplysia
Authors: Fredman Steven M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the present study we examine the developmental appearance and maturation of synaptic plasticity at the A–B neuron synapse in the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia. In the CNS of juvenile Aplysia 120 days after hatching, the excitatory synaptic connection between A and B cluster neurons is essentially the same as in the adult cerebral ganglion. No differences were observed between the amplitudes of the initial EPSPs in the cerebral ganglia of juveniles and adults. One form of plasticity, low frequency synaptic depression, is also present in juveniles. Another form of activity‐dependent plasticity, slow developing potentiation (SDP) appears and matures during the late juvenile stage of development. At 120 days posthatching SDP, evoked by tetanic stimulation, is largely absent. Potentiated EPSPs have a significantly smaller amplitude than in adults. Over the next 80 days SDP undergoes a maturation process. The peak potentiation increases linearly with age from 135±12% at 125 days to 275±20% at 188 days. The duration of the potentiation, as measured by the time‐constant its decay, also increases linearly from 12.7±3.4 min to 27.9±3.9 min. From 120–170 days, <50% of the A neurons tested exhibited SDP. After 170 days, >85% exhibited SDP. Changes in the rising phase of the A neuron action potential have been implicated in mediating SDP. At 120 days, the A neuron action potential has a significantly shorter duration (half‐width) than in the adult. Between 120 and 200 days, both the duration and rise‐time of the A neuron action potential increase linearly. These results confirm findings by other investigators, that different forms of synaptic plasticity develop independently, with depression appearing before potentiation.