bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The WASp L272P gain-of-function mutation alters dendritic cell coordination of actin dynamics for migration and adhesion
Authors: Oliveira Mariana MS , Kung Shin-Yu , Moreau Hélène D , Maurin Mathieu , Record Julien , Sanséau Doriane , Nylén Susanne , Lennon-Duménil Ana-Maria , Westerberg Lisa S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) devoid of the actin regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) show reduced directed migration and decreased formation of podosome adhesion structures. We examined DCs expressing a gain-of-function mutation in WASp, WASp L272P, identified in X-linked neutropenia patients. Analysis of WASp L272P DCs was compared to WASp-deficient DCs to examine how WASp activity influences DC migratory responses. In confined space, WASp-deficient DCs had increased migration speed whereas WASp L272P DCs had similar average speed but increased speed fluctuations, reduced displacement, and atypical rounded morphology, compared to wild-type (WT) DCs. Using an ear inflammation model and flow cytometry analysis, WT, WASp-deficient, and WASp L272P DCs were found to migrate in comparable numbers to the draining lymph nodes (LNs). However, histology analysis revealed that migratory DCs of WASp deficient and WASp L272P mice were mainly located in the collagenous capsule of the LN whereas WT DCs were located inside the LN. Analysis of ultrastructural features revealed that WASp L272P DCs had reduced cell area but formed larger podosome structures when compared to WT DCs. Together, our data suggest that WASp activity regulates DC migration and that loss-of-function and gain-of-function in WASp activity lead to different and phenotype-specific DC migratory behavior.
Comparison of whole breast dosimetry techniques – From 3DCRT to VMAT and the impact on heart and surrounding tissues
Authors: Lamprecht Brock , Muscat Erika , Harding Amanda , Howe Kate , Brown Elizabeth , Barry Tamara , Mai G Tao , Lehman Margot , Bernard Anne , Hargrave Catriona , Harvey Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionVarious techniques for whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) have been reported to increase dose to contralateral tissues. Heart dose is of critical importance as there is no apparent dose threshold below which there is no risk. The aim of this study was to compare planning techniques for WBRT that achieves the best target dosimetry and lowest organ at risk (OAR) dose.MethodsThirty early‐stage whole breast patient datasets, 15 each left‐ and right‐sided cases, were retrospectively selected. Five techniques were generated for each data set: three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), hybrid intensity modulated radiation therapy (HYI), hybrid volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) – (HYV), reduced arc VMAT – bowtie (BT), and BT flattening filter free (FFF) – (BTFFF). Plan goals and OARs were evaluated and compared between techniques.ResultsBT had the highest median conformity index (CI) values (0.82, IQR: 0.80–0.85 left and 0.83, IQR 0.80–0.86 right). BT recorded lower mean heart doses (median value 1.19Gy, IQR: 0.90–1.55), and BTFFF recorded lower heart V2.5 Gy, V5 Gy; median 3.96% (IQR: 2.90–6.80) and 0.90% (IQR: 0.50–1.50) respectively for left‐sided patients. There was a statistically significant difference in all ipsilateral lung measures, (p < 0.001) with BTFFF producing significantly lower doses across all measures: mean, V5 Gy, V10 Gy and V20 Gy.ConclusionOverall BT and BTFFF techniques produced lower OAR doses and equivalent PTV coverage for WBRT. BT and BTFFF techniques increased contralateral lung and breast doses; however, these were within prescribed tolerances and comparable to results published in the literature.
Inter‐Group Social Behavior, Contact Patterns and Risk for Pathogen Transmission in Cape Buffalo Populations
Authors: Wielgus Elodie , Caron Alexandre , Bennitt Emily , De Garine‐Wichatitsky Michel , Cain Bradley , Fritz Herve , Miguel Eve , Cornélis Daniel , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn social species, the transmission and maintenance of infectious diseases depends on the contact patterns between individuals within groups and on the interactions between groups. In southern Africa, the Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) is a vector for many pathogens that can infect sympatric livestock. Although intra‐group contact patterns of Cape buffalo have been relatively well described, how groups interact with each other and risks for pathogen transmission remain poorly understood. We identified and compared spatial behavior and contact patterns between neighboring groups of Cape buffalo under contrasting environments: within the seasonally flooded environment of the Okavango Delta in Botswana and the semi‐arid environment of northern Kruger National Park in South Africa. We used telemetry data collected between 2007 and 2015 from 10 distinct groups. We estimated seasonal overlap and proximity between home ranges of pairwise neighboring groups, and we quantified seasonal contact patterns between these groups. We defined contact patterns within variable spatiotemporal windows compatible with the transmission of diseases carried by the Cape buffalo: bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, and Rift Valley fever (mosquito‐borne transmission). We examined the effects of habitat and distance to water on contact location. In both study populations, neighboring buffalo groups were highly spatially segregated in the dry and rainy seasons. Inter‐group contact patterns were characterized by very few direct and short‐term indirect (within 0–2 days) contacts, lasting on average 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. Contact patterns were generally consistent across populations and seasons, suggesting species‐specific behavior. In the drier study site, the probability of indirect and vector‐borne contacts generally decreased during the dry season with increasing distance to water. In the seasonally flooded area, only the probability of vector‐borne contact decreased with increasing distance to water. Our results highlight the importance of dry season water availability in influencing the dynamics of indirectly transmitted Cape buffalo pathogens but only in areas with low water availability. The results from this study have important implications for future modeling of pathogen dynamics in a single host, and the ecology and management of Cape buffalo at the landscape level. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Asymmetric Incorporation of Silver Nanoparticles in Polymeric Assemblies by Coassembly of Tadpole‐Like Nanoparticles and Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Huo Haohui , Li Zepeng , Tan Tianyi , Chen Long , Ungar Goran , Hoogenboom Richard , Zhang Qilu , Liu Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA general approach to asymmetrically localize nanoparticles (NPs) in larger polymeric nanostructures is demonstrated by coassembly of tadpole‐like silver NPs (AgNPs) and amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs). The tadpole‐like AgNPs are prepared by template synthesis using a tailor‐made A(BC)20 star polymer, namely poly(ethylene glycol)[poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene]20 [PEG(PAA‐b‐PS)20], as template resulting in AgNPs decorated with twenty short PS chains and one long PEG chain, named Ag@PEG(PS)20. The asymmetric distribution of these AgNPs in various polymeric nanostructures, e.g., spherical micelles, cylindrical micelles, vesicles, and sponge phase, is achieved via coassembly of the as‐prepared Ag@PEG(PS)20 and PEG‐b‐PS in solution driven by the anisotropic nature of the Ag@PEG(PS)20. This report not only provides a new strategy for the fabrication of tadpole‐like NPs but also offers opportunity for off‐center distributing NPs in hybrid assemblies, which may find applications in, e.g., sensing, catalysis, and diagnostics.
Digital Numbers Constructed by Fine Patterned Polydopamine on DNA Templates
Authors: Zhang Meizhou , Wang Shuangshuang , Li Longjie , Li Mengran , Cheng Xinyi , Shi Yiwei , Wu Yuzhou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing DNA nanostructures as templates to synthesize shape‐controlled polydopamine (PDA) is a promising strategy to realize the fabrication of exquisite PDA nanomaterials. However, previous studies using small DNA tiles as templates could only afford very simple structures such as lines and crosses due to the limited space on the template and the relatively low resolution of the PDA nanopatterns. Therefore, the best resolution of the PDA nanostructures that can be achieved by this technique is carefully investigated. And by connecting several DNA tiles together, larger DNA templates are built up and achieve the synthesis of complicated digital nanopatterned PDA structures.
Developing a Generative Model Utilizing Self‐attention Networks: Application to Materials/Drug Discovery
Authors: Kondo Masakazu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new generative model, in which the Variational Autoencoder network is combined with the Transformer architecture, is developed. The proposed model, the Variational Autoencoding Transformer (VAT), is applied to the task of generating molecules, showing that, with proper training, the VAT model can not only produce similar molecules to input ones with high accuracy but also generate new molecules from a predefined prior almost perfectly. A desirable aspect of our VAT is that no heuristic setting is necessary for optimal performance, which suggests that the model can readily be available to a variety of datasets. As practical directions toward materials/drug discovery, two strategies: a fine‐tuning method for directed molecular generation and a method of mixing molecules in the latent space, are demonstrated.
Follow the protocol and kickstart the heart—Intensive care nurses’ reflections on being part of rescue situations in interdisciplinary teams
Authors: Olsson Annakarin , Sjöberg Fredric , Salzmann‐Erikson Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo describe intensive care nurses' reflections on being part of interdisciplinary emergency teams involved in in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.DesignA qualitative descriptive design. Methods: Eighteen intensive care nurses from two regions and three hospitals in Sweden were interviewed. The data were analysed with General Inductive Analysis.ResultsThe work for intensive care nurses in the emergency team was reflected in three phases: prevention, intervention and mitigation—referred as before, during and after the CPR situation.ConclusionsThe findings describe the complexity of being an intensive care nurse in an interdisciplinary emergency team, which entails managing advanced care with limited and unknown resources in a non‐familiar environment. The present findings have important clinical implications concerning the value of having debriefing sessions to reflect on and to talk about obstacles to and prerequisites for performing successful resuscitation.
Effect of amount of hydrated water and mobility of hydrated poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) on denaturation of adsorbed fibrinogen
Authors: Ueda Tomoya , Murakami Daiki , Tanaka Masaru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a blood‐compatible polymer, poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA), was grafted onto a gold substrate with various grafting densities (σ) (σ = 0–0.18 chains nm−2), and the amount of hydrated water and mobility of the polymer chain interacting with water molecules were quantitatively evaluated using a quartz crystal microbalance with an admittance system. The amount of hydrated water decreased with increasing σ. By contrast, the mobility of the hydrated PMEA was maximum at σ ≈ 0.12 chains nm−2, revealing that the amount of high‐mobility water at σ = 0.12 was higher than that at other densities. The degree of denaturation of the adsorbed fibrinogen was evaluated based on the hydrodynamic water ratio and viscoelasticity, and was found to increase with increasing σ. The denaturation of adsorbed fibrinogen was suppressed when both the amount of hydrated water and the mobility of hydrated PMEA were high. This study demonstrates that the interfacial state of the polymer chains hydrated in water is important for blood compatibility.
Early remodeling of the colonic mucosa after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation: An open‐label controlled pilot study on 19 patients
Authors: Coron Emmanuel , Esnaud Elise , Chevallier Patrice , Bessard Anne , Perez Cuadrado‐Robles Enrique , David Grégoire , Bossard Céline , Brégéon Jérémy , Jarry Anne , Neunlist Michel , Quénéhervé Lucille 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), particularly acute digestive GVHD (aDGVHD), is a severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). It is necessary to identify predictive factors of GVHD to adapt prophylactic treatment.ObjectiveIn this context, our pilot study aimed (i) to determine whether an early remodeling of the colonic mucosa occurred after allo‐HSCT and (ii) to identify potential predictive mucosal markers of aDGVHD after allo‐HSCT.MethodsBetween day 21 and day 28 after the allo‐HSCT, 19 allo‐HSCT patients were included and had a rectosigmoidoscopy with probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) recording and biopsies. Sixteen patients were included in the control group. Morphological (pCLE), functional (intestinal permeability), and inflammatory parameters (cytokine multiplex immunoassay) were assessed.ResultsAmong allo‐HSCT patients, 11 patients developed GVHD, and 6 of them developed aDGVHD. Morphological and functional changes of the colonic mucosa occurred after allo‐HSCT. Indeed, the perimeter of colonic crypts was significantly increased in allo‐HSCT patients compared to controls as well as crypt lumen fluorescein leakage (53% vs. 9%), whereas crypts sphericity, roundness, Feret diameter, and mean vessel area were significantly decreased in allo‐HSCT patients compared to the control group. In addition, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐33, and IL‐15 levels in the supernatants of 24 h explant cultures of colonic biopsies were significantly increased in allo‐HSCT patients compared to controls. Finally, there was no difference in pCLE parameters, intestinal permeability, and inflammatory cytokines between patients who developed aDGVHD and those who did not.ConclusionThis pilot study identified early colonic mucosa remodeling after allo‐HSCT conditioning therapy, that is morphological and functional mucosal alterations as well as mucosal inflammation. As to whether these changes are first steps in GVHD initiation and could be considered as predictive biomarkers of aDGVHD need to be determined in a larger cohort of patients.
Irritable bowel syndrome and risk of glaucoma: An analysis of two independent population‐based cohort studies
Authors: McPherson Zachary E. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Agar Ashish , Coroneo Minas T. , White Andrew , Francis Ian C. , Pasquale Louis R. , Kang Jae H. , Pettersson Sven , Talley Nicholas J. , McEvoy Mark A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder associated with an abnormal gastrointestinal microbiome. Microbiome–host interactions are known to influence organ function including in the central nervous system; thus, we sought to identify whether IBS may be a risk factor for the development of glaucoma.DesignTwo prospective cohort studies.SubjectsThe 1958 United Kingdom Birth Cohort (UKBC; 9091 individuals) and the Danish National Registry of Patients (DNRP; 62,541 individuals with IBS and 625,410 matched general population cohort members).MethodsIn the UKBC, participants were surveyed throughout life (including at ages 42 and 50). The DNRP contains records of hospital‐based contacts and prescription data from the national prescription database.Main Outcome MeasureThe main outcome measure was incidence of glaucoma. In the UKBC, incident glaucoma at age 50 (n = 48) was determined through comparison of survey responses at ages 42 and 50 years. In the DNRP, glaucoma was assessed by hospital diagnosis (n = 1510), glaucoma surgery (n = 582) and initiation of glaucoma medications (n = 1674).ResultsIn the UKBC, the odds ratio (OR) of developing glaucoma between ages 42 and 50 in persons with a chronic IBS diagnosis was increased [OR: 5.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.26–15.13]. People with an IBS diagnosis in the DNRP had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.35 for developing physician‐diagnosed glaucoma (95% CI: 1.16–1.56), an HR of 1.35 for undergoing glaucoma surgery (95% CI: 1.06–1.70) and an HR of 1.19 for initiating glaucoma medication (95% CI: 1.03–1.38).ConclusionsIn two large European cohort studies, IBS is a risk factor for glaucoma.
A review presenting production, characterization, and applications of biopolymer curdlan in food and pharmaceutical sectors
Authors: Aquinas Natasha , Bhat M Ramananda , Selvaraj Subbalaxmi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurdlan is an exopolysaccharide, specifically a homopolysaccharide, with a high molecular weight that is made up entirely of monomeric glucose molecules connected by β-1,3-glycosidic bonds. Curdlan was first isolated in 1962 by Harada and his colleagues from Alcaligenes faecalis var myxogenes 10C3. Microbial synthesis of this curdlan is mainly associated with soil bacteria. Preliminary screening of curdlan-producing microorganisms is done on aniline blue media. The aniline blue positive microorganisms are subjected to submerged fermentation for the production of curdlan. To improve the yield of curdlan produced, various optimization techniques are employed such as Plackett–Burman, response surface methodology, and others. Curdlan can be characterized by its morphology, gel strength, its infrared, and magnetic resonances among many other characteristics. Due to its distinctive physicochemical and rheological properties, it has gained immense popularity in the food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical sectors. However, curdlan’s functionality can be improved by chemically modifying curdlan to obtain grafted curdlan, hydrogels, and nanocomposites which are discussed in detail herewith. Curdlan was authorized to be used in the food industry by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 1996 and also in 1989 in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Over the years, many patents using curdlan have also been filed from different parts of the world. This review provides information about its structure, biosynthesis, production strategies, optimization, characterization, applications, and patents.
Graphic abstract
Prediction of acute coronary syndrome within 3 years using radiomics signature of pericoronary adipose tissue based on coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Shang Jin , Ma Shaowei , Guo Yan , Yang Linlin , Zhang Qian , Xie Fuchun , Ma Yue , Ma Quanmei , Dang Yuxue , Zhou Ke , Liu Ting , Yang Jinzhu , Hou Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether radiomics signature of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) could improve the prediction of future acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within 3 years.MethodsWe designed a retrospective case-control study that patients with ACS (n= 90) were well matched to patients with no cardiac events (n= 1496) during 3 years follow-up, then which were randomly divided into training and test datasets with a ratio of 3:1. A total of 107 radiomics features were extracted from PCAT surrounding lesions and 14 conventional plaque characteristics were analyzed. Radiomics score, plaque score, and integrated score were respectively calculated via a linear combination of the selected features, and their performance was evaluated with discrimination, calibration, and clinical application.ResultsRadiomics score achieved superior performance in identifying patients with future ACS within 3 years in both training and test datasets (AUC = 0.826, 0.811) compared with plaque score (AUC = 0.699, 0.640), with a significant difference of AUC between two scores in the training dataset (p= 0.009); while the improvement of integrated score discriminating capability (AUC = 0.838, 0.826) was non-significant. The calibration curves of three predictive models demonstrated a good fitness respectively (allp> 0.05). Decision curve analysis suggested that integrated score added more clinical benefit than plaque score. Stratified analysis revealed that the performance of three predictive models was not affected by tube voltage, CT version, different sites of hospital.ConclusionCCTA-based radiomics signature of PCAT could have the potential to predict the occurrence of subsequent ACS. Radiomics-based integrated score significantly outperformed plaque score in identifying future ACS within 3 years.Key Points• Plaque score based on conventional plaque characteristics had certain limitations in the prediction of ACS.• Radiomics signature of PCAT surrounding plaques could have the potential to improve the predictive ability of subsequent ACS.• Radiomics-based integrated score significantly outperformed plaque score in the identification of future ACS within 3 years.
Intuition and exponential growth: bias and the roles of parameterization and complexity
Authors: Schonger Martin , Sele Daniela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExponential growth bias is the phenomenon that humans intuitively underestimate exponential growth. This article reports on an experiment where treatments differ in the parameterization of growth: Exponential growth is communicated to one group in terms of growth rates, and in terms of doubling times to the other. Exponential growth bias is much smaller when doubling times are employed. Considering that in many applications, individuals face a choice between different growth rates, rather than between exponential growth and zero growth, we ask a question where growth is reduced from high to low. Subjects vastly underestimate the effect of this reduction, though less so in the parameterization using doubling times. The answers to this question are more severely biased than one would expect from the answers to the exponential growth questions. These biases emerge despite the sample being highly educated and exhibiting awareness of exponential growth bias. Implications for teaching, the usefulness of heuristics, and policy are discussed.
Development of a systematic approach to conversion of the ileoanal pouch into continent ileostomy
Authors: Ecker K.-W. , Dinh C. , Ecker N. K. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on practical experience, a systematic approach to conversion of ileal J-pouches into continent ileostomies is developed by defining three types of conversion surgery, each with two subtypes. Type 1 refers to conversion without pouch reconstruction, type 2 to partial pouch reconstruction, and type 3 to complete pouch reconstruction. The subdivisions (a and b) take into account whether the afferent loop of the former pelvic pouch (a) or a higher ileal/jejunal segment of the small intestine (b) is used in conversion and/or reconstruction. The six resulting surgical variants are shown in schematic illustrations with accompanying descriptions of technical details to provide the specialized surgeon with comprehensive technical guidance.