bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Modular Manikin and Surgical Team Experience During a Trauma Simulation: Results of a Single-Blinded Randomized Trial
Authors: Stefanidis Dimitrios , Aggarwal Rajesh , Rush Robert M. , Lee Gyusung , Blair Patrice G. , Hananel David , Park Yoon Soo , Sweet Robert M. , Wisbach Gordon G. , Sachdeva Ajit K. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Our aim was assess whether an integrated Advanced Modular Manikin (AMM) provides improved participant experience compared with use of peripheral simulators alone during a standardized trauma team scenario. Simulation-based team training has been shown to improve team performance. To address limitations of existing manikin simulators, the AMM platform was created that enables interconnectedness, interoperability, and integration of multiple simulators (“peripherals”) into an adaptable, comprehensive training system.

METHODS:
A randomized single-blinded, crossover study with 2 conditions was used to assess learner experience differences when using the integrated AMM platform vs peripheral simulators. First responders, anesthesiologists, and surgeons rated their experience and workload with the conditions in a 3-scene standardized trauma scenario. Participant ratings were compared and focus groups conducted to obtain insight into participant experience.

RESULTS:
Fourteen teams (n = 42) participated. Team experience ratings were higher for the integrated AMM condition compared with peripherals (Cohen's d = .25, p = 0.016). Participant experience varied by background with surgeons and first responders rating their experience significantly higher compared with anesthesiologists (p < 0.001). Higher workload ratings were observed with the integrated AMM condition (Cohen's d = .35, p = 0.014) driven primarily by anesthesiologist ratings. Focus groups revealed that participants preferred the integrated AMM condition based on its increased realism, physiologic responsiveness, and feedback provided on their interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:
This first comprehensive evaluation suggests that integration with the AMM platform provides benefits over individual peripheral simulators and has the potential to expand simulation-based learning opportunities and enhance learner experience, especially for surgeons.
CONDITION (K) FOR BOOLEAN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: CARLSEN TOKE MEIER , KANG EUN JI 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe generalize Condition (K) from directed graphs to Boolean dynamical systems and show that a locally finite Boolean dynamical system
$({{\mathcal {B}}},{{\mathcal {L}}},\theta )$
with countable
${{\mathcal {B}}}$
and
${{\mathcal {L}}}$
satisfies Condition (K) if and only if every ideal of its
$C^*$
-algebra is gauge-invariant, if and only if its
$C^*$
-algebra has the (weak) ideal property, and if and only if its
$C^*$
-algebra has topological dimension zero. As a corollary we prove that if the
$C^*$
-algebra of a locally finite Boolean dynamical system with
${{\mathcal {B}}}$
and
${{\mathcal {L}}}$
countable either has real rank zero or is purely infinite, then
$({{\mathcal {B}}}, {{\mathcal {L}}}, \theta )$
satisfies Condition (K). We also generalize the notion of maximal tails from directed graph to Boolean dynamical systems and use this to give a complete description of the primitive ideal space of the
$C^*$
-algebra of a locally finite Boolean dynamical system that satisfies Condition (K) and has countable
${{\mathcal {B}}}$
and
${{\mathcal {L}}}$
.
Size‐dependent Molecular Characteristics and Possible Sources of Organic Aerosols at a Coastal New Particle Formation Hotspot of East China
Authors: Wan Yibei , Huang Xiangpeng , Ge Xinlei , Jiang Bin , Liao Yuhong , Yan Qian , Shuai Qin , Fu Qinglong , Xiao Hang , Yu Huan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigated size‐dependent molecular characteristics of coastal organic aerosols from <0.032 to 3.2 μm at a new particle formation (NPF) hotspot of east China by using Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS). Strong connection between C20–33HhOo/C18,30HhOoNn compounds in particles smaller than 0.10 μm and the volatile organic compounds emitted from local intertidal macroalgae suggests that the organic compounds (OC) in ultrafine particles are formed probably via the gas‐phase oxidation of long‐chain fatty aldehydes or acids, followed by particle‐phase accretion reactions or imine formation during the coastal NPF events. In 0.18–0.56 μm particles, dominant C8–C20 CHO, CHON, CHOS and CHONS compounds (maximum: C10 or C15) are suggested most likely to be terpene oxidation products. Highly oxygenated compounds with 0.6 ≤ H/C ≤ 1.5 and 0.67 ≤ O/C ≤ 1.2 reside mostly in 0.18–0.56 μm particles, accounting for 5% of the OC formulas in this size range. Iodinated OC are subsequently formed via electrophilic substitution of non‐iodinated OC by iodine cations (e.g., from HOI or I2) in iodine‐rich particles. CHN and Cl/Br‐containing OC account altogether for only 0.7% and 0.9% of OC formulas, respectively. As a result of the above compound distribution, the intensity weighted unsaturation degree and carbon oxidation state of OC increase with particle size. The distribution of aromatic compounds (i.e. Aromaticity Index > 0.5) is bimodal with peaks in 0.056–0.18 μm and 1.0–3.2 μm. In addition, our study observed higher unsaturation degree, carbon oxidation state and aromaticity of OC in coastal PM2.5 than inland urban PM2.5 in the same region.
The patterns of family genetic risk scores for eleven major psychiatric and substance use disorders in a Swedish national sample
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo clarify the structure of genetic risks for 11 major psychiatric disorders, we calculated, from morbidity risks for disorders in 1st–5th degree relatives controlling for cohabitation effects, in the Swedish population born between 1932 and 1995 (n = 5,830,014), the family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), bulimia (BUL), anorexia nervosa (AN), alcohol use disorder (AUD), drug use disorder (DUD), ADHD, and autism-spectrum disorder (ASD). For all affected individuals, we calculated their mean standardized FGRS for each disorder. The patterns of FGRS were quite similar for MD and AD, and for AUD and DUD, but substantially less similar for BUL and AN, BD and SZ, and ADHD and ASD. While OCD had high levels of FGRS for MD and AD, the overall FGRS profile differed considerably from MD and AD. ADHD FGRS scores were substantially elevated in AUD and DUD. FGRS scores for BD, OCD, AN, ASD, ADHD, and especially SZ were relatively disorder-specific while genetic risk for MD and AD had more generalized effects. The levels of FGRS for BMI, coronary artery disease, and educational attainment across our disorders replicated prior associations found using molecular genetic methods. All diagnostic categories examined had elevated FGRS for many disorders producing, for each condition, an informative FGRS profile. Using a novel method which approximates, from pedigree data, aggregate genetic risk, we have replicated and extended prior insights into the structure of genetic risk factors for key psychiatric illnesses.
A single-cell atlas of Plasmodium falciparum transmission through the mosquito
Authors: Real Eliana , Howick Virginia M. , Dahalan Farah A. , Witmer Kathrin , Cudini Juliana , Andradi-Brown Clare , Blight Joshua , Davidson Mira S. , Dogga Sunil Kumar , Reid Adam J. , Baum Jake , Lawniczak Mara K. N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMalaria parasites have a complex life cycle featuring diverse developmental strategies, each uniquely adapted to navigate specific host environments. Here we use single-cell transcriptomics to illuminate gene usage across the transmission cycle of the most virulent agent of human malaria -Plasmodium falciparum. We reveal developmental trajectories associated with the colonization of the mosquito midgut and salivary glands and elucidate the transcriptional signatures of each transmissible stage. Additionally, we identify both conserved and non-conserved gene usage between human and rodent parasites, which point to both essential mechanisms in malaria transmission and species-specific adaptations potentially linked to host tropism. Together, the data presented here, which are made freely available via an interactive website, provide a fine-grained atlas that enables intensive investigation of theP. falciparumtranscriptional journey. As well as providing insights into gene function across the transmission cycle, the atlas opens the door for identification of drug and vaccine targets to stop malaria transmission and thereby prevent disease.
Origin of the quasi-quantized Hall effect in ZrTe5
Authors: Galeski S. , Ehmcke T. , Wawrzyńczak R. , Lozano P. M. , Cho K. , Sharma A. , Das S. , Küster F. , Sessi P. , Brando M. , Küchler R. , Markou A. , König M. , Swekis P. , Felser C. , Sassa Y. , Li Q. , Gu G. , Zimmermann M. V. , Ivashko O. , Gorbunov D. I. , Zherlitsyn S. , Förster T. , Parkin S. S. P. , Wosnitza J. , Meng T. , Gooth J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe quantum Hall effect (QHE) is traditionally considered to be a purely two-dimensional (2D) phenomenon. Recently, however, a three-dimensional (3D) version of the QHE was reported in the Dirac semimetal ZrTe5. It was proposed to arise from a magnetic-field-driven Fermi surface instability, transforming the original 3D electron system into a stack of 2D sheets. Here, we report thermodynamic, spectroscopic, thermoelectric and charge transport measurements on such ZrTe5 samples. The measured properties: magnetization, ultrasound propagation, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, show no signatures of a Fermi surface instability, consistent with in-field single crystal X-ray diffraction. Instead, a direct comparison of the experimental data with linear response calculations based on an effective 3D Dirac Hamiltonian suggests that the quasi-quantization of the observed Hall response emerges from the interplay of the intrinsic properties of the ZrTe5 electronic structure and its Dirac-type semi-metallic character.
Full gaze contingency provides better reading performance than head steering alone in a simulation of prosthetic vision
Authors: Paraskevoudi Nadia , Pezaris John S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe visual pathway is retinotopically organized and sensitive to gaze position, leading us to hypothesize that subjects using visual prostheses incorporating eye position would perform better on perceptual tasks than with devices that are merely head-steered. We had sighted subjects read sentences from the MNREAD corpus through a simulation of artificial vision under conditions of full gaze compensation, and head-steered viewing. With 2000 simulated phosphenes, subjects (n = 23) were immediately able to read under full gaze compensation and were assessed at an equivalent visual acuity of 1.0 logMAR, but were nearly unable to perform the task under head-steered viewing. At the largest font size tested, 1.4 logMAR, subjects read at 59 WPM (50% of normal speed) with 100% accuracy under the full-gaze condition, but at 0.7 WPM (under 1% of normal) with below 15% accuracy under head-steering. We conclude that gaze-compensated prostheses are likely to produce considerably better patient outcomes than those not incorporating eye movements.
Knock-in and precise nucleotide substitution using near-PAMless engineered Cas9 variants in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Asano Yuu , Yamashita Kensuke , Hasegawa Aoi , Ogasawara Takanori , Iriki Hoshie , Muramoto Tetsuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe powerful genome editing tool Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) requires the trinucleotide NGG as a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). The PAM requirement is limitation for precise genome editing such as single amino-acid substitutions and knock-ins at specific genomic loci since it occurs in narrow editing window. Recently, SpCas9 variants (i.e., xCas9 3.7, SpCas9-NG, and SpRY) were developed that recognise the NG dinucleotide or almost any other PAM sequences in human cell lines. In this study, we evaluated these variants in Dictyostelium discoideum. In the context of targeted mutagenesis at an NG PAM site, we found that SpCas9-NG and SpRY were more efficient than xCas9 3.7. In the context of NA, NT, NG, and NC PAM sites, the editing efficiency of SpRY was approximately 60% at NR (R = A and G) but less than 22% at NY (Y = T and C). We successfully used SpRY to generate knock-ins at specific gene loci using donor DNA flanked by 60 bp homology arms. In addition, we achieved point mutations with efficiencies as high as 97.7%. This work provides tools that will significantly expand the gene loci that can be targeted for knock-out, knock-in, and precise point mutation in D. discoideum.
Transcript levels of spindle and kinetochore-associated complex 1/3 as prognostic biomarkers correlated with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu De-Chen , Chen Xiang-Yi , Li Xin , Zhou Hai-Yu , Yu De-Quan , Yu Xiao-Lei , Hu Yi-Cun , Zhang Rui-Hao , Zhang Xiao-Bo , Zhang Kun , An Jiang-Dong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spindle and kinetochore-associated protein complex (Ska) is an essential component in chromosome segregation. It comprises three proteins (Ska1, Ska2, and Ska3) with theorized roles in chromosomal instability and tumor development, and its overexpression has been widely reported in a variety of tumors. However, the prognostic significance and immune infiltration of Ska proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not completely understood. The bioinformatics tools Oncomine, UALCAN, gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2 (GEPIA2), cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, Metascape, and TIMER were used to analyze differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration, and immune cell infiltration of the Ska protein complex in HCC patients. We found that the mRNA expression of the Ska complex was markedly upregulated in HCC. High expression of the Ska complex is closely correlated with tumor stage, patient race, tumor grade, and TP53 mutation status. In addition, high expression of the Ska complex was significantly correlated with poor disease-free survival, while the high expression levels of Ska1 and Ska3 were associated with shorter overall survival. The biological functions of the Ska complex in HCC primarily involve the amplification of signals from kinetochores, the mitotic spindle, and (via a MAD2 invasive signal) unattached kinetochores. Furthermore, the expression of the complex was positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating cells. These results may provide new insights into the development of immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
Minor allele of rs55763075 located in MTHFR is associated with the risk of cognitive impairment after anesthesia via modulating miR-34b
Authors: Li Si-ying , Lei He-shou , Wu Xiao-yun , Li Kai , Liu Zhi-min , Lu Jian-hui , Chen Xiao-yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association between cognitive impairment after general anesthesia and rs55763075 polymorphisms. We enrolled and grouped patients undergoing general anesthesia according to their genotypes of rs55763075 polymorphism. Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) scoring was performed to evaluate the cognitive status of patients. Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to analyze the expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mRNA and miR-34b while Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of MTHFR protein. Furthermore, we studied the effect of rs55763075 polymorphism on the expression of MEHFR via luciferase assay. Accordingly, we found that the MMSE score in GG/GA groups was significantly higher than that in AA group. And a significant reduction of MTHFR mRNA expression was observed in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients carrying AA genotype compared with the patients carrying GG/GA genotypes. Moreover, the MTHFR expression was much lower in the cultured AA-genotyped cells transfected with miR-34b. Luciferase assay results also showed that miR-34b transfection reduced luciferase activity in the cells carrying A allele but not in cells carrying G allele. In summary, the data of this study showed that minor allele (A) of rs55763075 polymorphisms in the 3'-untranslated region of MTHFR mRNA generated a potential binding site for miR-34b, which led to reduced level of folic acid in the patients carrying the AA genotype. Furthermore, we found that the MMSE score of AA-genotyped patients was lower than that of patients carrying GG/GA genotypes.
The impact of hypothetical interventions on adiposity in adolescence
Authors: Gebremariam Mekdes K. , Nianogo Roch A. , Lien Nanna , Bjelland Mona , Klepp Knut-Inge , Bergh Ingunn H. , Ommundsen Yngvar , Arah Onyebuchi A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to develop effective public health initiatives aimed at promoting healthy weight development, identifying the interventions/combination of interventions with the highest beneficial effect on body weight is vital. The study aimed to estimate the mean BMI at age 13 under hypothetical interventions targeting dietary behavior, physical activity and screen time at age 11. We used data from a school-based cohort study of 530 participants followed between the ages of 11 and 13. We used g-computation, a causal modeling method, to estimate the impact of single and combined hypothetical behavioral interventions at age 11 on BMI at age 13. Of the hypothetical interventions, the one with the largest population mean difference in BMI was the one combining all interventions (dietary behavior, physical activity and screen time interventions) and assuming 100% intervention adherence, with a population mean differences of − 0.28 (95% CI − 0.59, 0.07). Isolated behavioral interventions had a limited impact on BMI. This study demonstrated that a combination of healthy dietary behavior and physical activity promotion, as well as screen time reduction interventions at age 11 could have the highest beneficial effect on the reduction of BMI at age 13, although the change in BMI was small. The findings highlight the importance of a systems approach to obesity prevention focusing on multicomponent interventions.
Supervised binary classification methods for strawberry ripeness discrimination from bioimpedance data
Authors: Ibba Pietro , Tronstad Christian , Moscetti Roberto , Mimmo Tanja , Cantarella Giuseppe , Petti Luisa , Martinsen Ørjan G. , Cesco Stefano , Lugli Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStrawberry is one of the most popular fruits in the market. To meet the demanding consumer and market quality standards, there is a strong need for an on-site, accurate and reliable grading system during the whole harvesting process. In this work, a total of 923 strawberry fruit were measured directly on-plant at different ripening stages by means of bioimpedance data, collected at frequencies between 20 Hz and 300 kHz. The fruit batch was then splitted in 2 classes (i.e. ripe and unripe) based on surface color data. Starting from these data, six of the most commonly used supervised machine learning classification techniques, i.e. Logistic Regression (LR), Binary Decision Trees (DT), Naive Bayes Classifiers (NBC), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multi-Layer Perceptron Networks (MLP), were employed, optimized, tested and compared in view of their performance in predicting the strawberry fruit ripening stage. Such models were trained to develop a complete feature selection and optimization pipeline, not yet available for bioimpedance data analysis of fruit. The classification results highlighted that, among all the tested methods, MLP networks had the best performances on the test set, with 0.72, 0.82 and 0.73 for the F$$_1$$

1

, F$$_{0.5}$$

0.5

and F$$_2$$

2

-score, respectively, and improved the training results, showing good generalization capability, adapting well to new, previously unseen data. Consequently, the MLP models, trained with bioimpedance data, are a promising alternative for real-time estimation of strawberry ripeness directly on-field, which could be a potential application technique for evaluating the harvesting time management for farmers and producers.
Auxiliary rapid identification of pathogenic and antagonistic microorganisms associated with Coptis chinensis root rot by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Liao Hailang , Huang Ling , Li Na , Ke Wenjia , Xiang Yiqing , Ma Yuntong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRoot rot reduces the yield and medical quality of C. chinensis (Cc). Previous studies of Coptis root rot focused on the identification of pathogens and the rhizosphere microbial community composition. The present study aimed to identify potential pathogenic and antagonistic microorganisms associated with root rot based on a high-throughput sequencing technique to prevent this disease. Healthy and diseased Cc in the endosphere and rhizosphere from the same field were collected to investigate the differences in microbiome composition and function. The results showed that the composition and function of microbes were different. The numbers of animal pathogens, soil saprotrophs, plant saprotrophs, and wood saprotrophs in the endosphere of diseased Cc were higher than those in the healthy endosphere and were dominated by Phaeosphaeriaceae, Cladorrhinum, Fusarium, Exophiala, and Melanommataceae. Fusarium, Volutella, Cladorrhinum, Cylindrocarpon, and Exophiala were significantly enriched in the endosphere of the diseased plants. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that Bacillus was negatively correlated with Fusarium, Volutella, and Cylindrocarpon, indicating that Bacillus may be antagonistic microorganisms. To verify the sequencing results, F. solani and F. avenaceum were isolated and verified as pathogens, and 14 Bacillus strains were isolated, which displayed an apparent suppression effect against the two pathogens on PDA medium and detached roots. The strategy of high-throughput sequencing has the potential for the comprehensive identification of pathogenic and antagonistic microorganisms for plant disease. These results provide research ideas and microbial resources for future studies on mitigating or preventing root rot damage to Cc.
Identification of BHLHE40 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kunadirek Pattapon , Ariyachet Chaiyaboot , Sriphoosanaphan Supachaya , Pinjaroen Nutcha , Sirichindakul Pongserath , Nookaew Intawat , Chuaypen Natthaya , Tangkijvanich Pisit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNovel and sensitive biomarkers is highly required for early detection and predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated transcription profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 8 patients with HCC and PBMCs from co-culture model with HCC using RNA-Sequencing. These transcription profiles were cross compared with published microarray datasets of PBMCs in HCC to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of commonly identified of 24 DEGs among these data were proposed as cancer-induced genes in PBMCs, including 18 upregulated and 6 downregulated DEGs. The KEGG pathway showed that these enriched genes were mainly associated with immune responses. Five up-regulated candidate genes including BHLHE40, AREG, SOCS1, CCL5, and DDIT4 were selected and further validated in PBMCs of 100 patients with HBV-related HCC, 100 patients with chronic HBV infection and 100 healthy controls. Based on ROC analysis, BHLHE40 and DDIT4 displayed better diagnostic performance than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in discriminating HCC from controls. Additionally, BHLHE40 and DDIT4 had high sensitivity for detecting AFP-negative and early-stage HCC. BHLHE40 was also emerged as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival of HCC. Together, our study indicated that BHLHE40 in PBMCs could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HBV-related HCC.