bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients
Authors: Valeeva Farida V. , Medvedeva Mariya S. , Khasanova Kamilya B. , Valeeva Elena V. , Kiseleva Tatyana A. , Egorova Emiliya S. , Pickering Craig , Ahmetov Ildus I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent research has demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk is influenced by a number of common polymorphisms, including rs17782313 MC4R, rs1801282 PPARG, and rs7903146 TCF7L2. Knowledge of the association between these SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and body weight changes in different forms of prediabetes treatment is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms within the MC4R, PPARG, TCF7L2 genes on the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and body composition changes in overweight or obese patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Methods and Results: From 327 patients, a subgroup of 81 prediabetic female patients (48.7±14.8 years) of Eastern European descent participated in a 3-month study comprised of diet therapy or diet therapy accompanied with metformin treatment. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and genotyping of rs17782313 MC4R, rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1801282 PPARG were performed. The MC4R CC and TCF7L2 TT genotypes were associated with increased risk of T2D (OR=1.46, p=0.05 and OR=2.47, p=0.006, respectively). PPARG СС homozygotes experienced increased weight loss; however, no additional improvements were experienced with the addition of metformin. MC4R ТТ homozygotes who took metformin alongside dietary intervention experienced increased weight loss and reductions in fat mass (p<0.05).Conclusions: We confirmed the previous association of the MC4R C and TCF7L2 T alleles with T2D risk. The obesity-protective alleles (MC4R T and PPARG C) were positively associated with weight loss efficiency.
MyD88 Mediates Colitis- and RANKL-Induced Microfold Cell Differentiation
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Shanshan , Huang Xin , Yang Ning , Wang Caiying , Zhao Jing , Jing Zhizhong , Willems Luc , Liu Guangliang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intestinal microfold (M) cells are critical for sampling antigen in the gut and initiating the intestinal mucosal immune response. In this study, we found that the differentiation efficiency of M cells was closely related to the colitis severity. The expression levels of M cells differentiation-related genes were synchronized with the kinetics of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression originated from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induction and Salmonella infection. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, MyD88-/- mice exhibited significantly lower expression levels of M cells differentiation-related genes. However, DSS could induce colitis in MyD88-/- mice but failed to promote M cells differentiation. Furthermore, the receptor activator of the Nuclear Factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induced M cells differentiation in murine intestinal organoids prepared from both WT and MyD88-/- mice. However, less M cells differentiation were found in MyD88-/- mice as compared with WT mice. Hence, we concluded that myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an essential molecule for colitis- and RANKL-related M cells differentiation.
Essential Elements of and Challenges to Rapid ART Implementation: A Qualitative Study of Three Programs in the United States
Authors: Koester Kimberly A , Moran Lissa , LeTourneau Noelle , VanderZanden Lyndon , Coffey Susa , Crouch Pierre-Cedric , Broussard Janessa , Schneider John , Christopoulos Katerina A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on the day of an HIV diagnosis or as soon as possible after diagnosis, known as rapid ART (henceforth “RAPID”), is considered to be a safe and effective intervention to quickly reduce viral load and potentially improve engagement in care over time. However, implementation of RAPID programming is not yet widespread. To facilitate broader dissemination of RAPID, we sought to understand health care worker experiences with RAPID implementation and to identify essential programmatic elements. Methods: We conducted 28 key informant interviews with medical providers and staff involved in RAPID service delivery in three distinct clinical settings. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.Findings: We identified seven (7) essential elements across settings associated with successful RAPID program implementation. These high-impact elements represent essential components without which a RAPID program could not function. There was no one requisite formation. Instead, we observed a constellation of essential elements that could be operationalized in various formations and by various people in various roles. The essential elements included: (1) presence of an implementation champion; (2) comfort and competence prescribing RAPID ART; (3) expedited access to ART medications; (4) expertise in benefits, linkage, and care navigation; (5) RAPID team member flexibility and organizations’ adaptive capacity; (6) patient-centered approach; and (7) strong communication methods and culture.Conclusions: The RAPID model can be applied to a diverse range of clinical contexts. The operational structure of RAPID programs is shaped by the clinical setting in which they function, and therefore the essential elements identified may not apply equally to all programs. Based on the seven essential elements described above we recommend future implementers identify where these elements currently exist within a practice; leverage them when possible; strengthen them when necessary or develop them if they do not yet exist; and look to these elements when challenges arise for potential solutions.
Robust ZnO/HNTs-Based Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabrics With UV Shielding, Self-Cleaning, Photocatalysis, and Oil/Water Separation
Authors: xu Wei , Xu LiHui , Pan Hong , Wang Liming , Shen Yong , Liu Yangchun , Li Tianyang , Li Keting , Li Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, robust superhydrophobic cotton fabrics with UV shielding, self-cleaning, photocatalysis, and oil/water separation were successfully prepared based on micro/nano hierarchical ZnO/HNTs (halloysite nanotubes) hybrid particles and silicone elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). ZnO/HNTs hybrid particles were prepared by in-situ growth of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). ZnO/HNTs hybrid particles and PDMS were used to successively coat cotton fabric by dip-coating approach. The coated cotton fabric displayed excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 162.5 ± 1° and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue solution under UV irradiation owing to the roughness and photocatalytic performance provided by micro/nano hierarchical ZnO/HNTs hybrid particles and low surface energy achieved by PDMS. The as-prepared fabric also displayed outstanding self-cleaning and antifouling properties. In addition, due to its both superhydrophobic and superoleophilic characteristics, the as-prepared cotton fabric can be used to separate several oil/water mixtures and showed good recoverability. The superhydrophobic cotton fabric also exhibited excellent UV shielding performance with a large UV protection factor of 1643.28 due to strong ultraviolet-absorption, light scattering and frequent light reflection of ZnO nanoparticles in ZnO/HNTs composites coated on cotton fabric. Importantly, the as-prepared fabric retained superhydrophobic performance after 2000 cycles rubbing, 90h UV illumination, and immersing in acidic and alkali solutions with different pH values ranging from 1 to 14 for 1 h. These characteristics make multifunctional cotton fabrics a satisfactory candidate in various promising fields.
Utility of Plasma NGAL for the Diagnosis of AKI Following Cardiac Surgery Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sharrod-Cole Hayley , Fenn Jonathan , Gama Rousseau , Ford Clare , Giri Ramesh , Luckraz Heyman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase‑associated lipocalin (pNGAL) for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult patients following cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
Electronic databases and other resources were systematically searched for relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Studies were assigned to a sub-group based on the timing of the pNGAL sample in relation to the cessation of CPB. These were <4 h, 4-8 h, 12 h or 24 h post-cessation of CPB. Summary values for sensitivity and specificity were estimated using the hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve model. A random-effects meta-analysis of each pair of sensitivity and specificity estimates from each included study was performed.
In total, 3131 patients from 16 studies were included. When taken at 4-8 hours following CPB, pNGAL had superior performance for the diagnosis of AKI in the defined population when compared to earlier and later time points. Prediction regions and confidence intervals, however, demonstrated significant variability in pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. This is likely due to population and study design heterogeneity, lack of standardisation of assays and thresholds, and inability to distinguish the different molecular forms of NGAL.
In conclusion, the diagnostic utility of pNGAL in this clinical setting is inconclusive and large individual studies of representative populations of cardiac surgery patients using assays that specifically detect NGAL in its monomeric form are required.
Monthly Migraine Days, Tablet Utilization, and Quality of Life Associated with Rimegepant – Post Hoc Results from an Open Label Safety Study (BHV3000-201)
Authors: Johnston Karissa , Harris Linda , Powell Lauren , Popoff Evan , Coric Vladimir , L'Italien Gilbert , Schreiber Curtis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe patterns in monthly migraine days (MMD) and tablet utilization, and to estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures in patients treated as needed (PRN) with rimegepant 75 mg over 52-weeks. METHODS: Eligible subjects were adults with ≥1 year history of migraine and ≥6 MMD at baseline, who used rimegepant 75 mg up to once daily PRN (at their discretion) for up to 52-weeks in an open-label safety study (BHV3000-201; NCT03266588). Mean MMD were calculated at each 4-week period, along with mean monthly tablets taken. Migraine-specific quality of life (MSQv2) data were mapped to EQ-5D utilities and used to characterize HRQoL over time. A published network meta-analysis was used to characterize pain hours as well as time periods spent migraine free.RESULTS: 1,044 subjects were included in this post-hoc analysis. Overall mean MMD were 10.9 at baseline and decreased to 8.9 by week 52. Tablet use remained stable over the follow-up period. A total of 0.08 incremental QALYs were associated with rimegepant use. CONCLUSION: For subjects with 6 or more MMD, acute treatment of migraine attacks with rimegepant 75 mg on a PRN basis over one year of follow-up was found to be associated with reduced MMD frequency without an increase in monthly tablet utilization, and improved HRQoL. There was no evidence of medication-related increases in MMDs when rimegepant 75 mg was used as needed for the acute treatment of migraine over 52-weeks. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03266588
Clinical factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in HIV-positive tuberculosis patients
Authors: Borovitskiy V. S. , Sinitsyn M. V. 
Published: November 2021

The objective: to identify clinical factors with the highest sensitivity and speciﬁcity associated with an unfavorable outcome in the patient with tuberculosis and HIV infection.Subjects. 363 patients with TB/HIV co-infection. Group 1 – 59 (16.3%) patients with the unfavorable outcome, Group 2 – 304 (83.7%) patients with a favorable outcome.Methods: analysis of paired contingency tables by Pearson criterion, quantitative signs by Mann – Whitney test, simple and multiple logistic regression.Results. The following factors promoting unfavorable outcomes in the patient with TB/HIV co-infection with the highest sensitivity and speciﬁcity were identiﬁed: hemoglobin level (sensitivity – 78.0%; speciﬁcity – 73.7%), gastrointestinal candidiasis (72.9% and 84.5%), loose stool (40.7% and 97.4%), no lymphadenopathy (89.8% and 57.2%), and headache (49.2% and 88.5%). The combination of these clinical manifestations provides sensitivity of 78.0% and speciﬁcity of 94.4%.A formula is proposed for calculating the probability of an unfavorable outcome in the patient TB/HIV co-infection.
Emotional state of anesthesiologists and intensivists in diﬀerent periods of the COVID-19 pandemic�
Authors: Korehova M. V. , Kirov M. Yu. , Novikova I. A. , Soloviev A. G. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: identifcation of the peculiarities of the emotional states of anesthesiologists and intensivists in diﬀerent periods of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Material and Methods. The study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire survey in the frst and second waves of the pandemic COVID-19 among anesthesiologists and intensivists of the Arkhangelsk region: in May 2020 (in the frst wave of the COVID-19 pandemic), 58 doctors participated; the average age was 32.7 ± 1.7 years (M ± SD); in October 2020 (during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic), 43 doctors were involved; the average age was 28.0 ± 1.2 years (M ± SD). The repeated questionnaire survey was conducted among the same doctors.Results. During the second wave of COVID-19, male doctors more often noted poor health, signifcant heaviness and intensity of their work versus the frst wave, while women on the contrary during the frst wave had a poorer emotional state and higher level of emotional burnout. During the second wave of COVID-19, anesthesiologists and intensivists involved in caring for patients with COVID-19 were more likely to experience poor emotional state, anxiety, low mood, irritability, and a high level of burnout compared to the frst wave.Summary. The second wave of COVID-19 is accompanied by further exhaustion of emotional resources of anesthesiologists and intensivists.
Pengembangan modul biologi berbasis pondok pesantren untuk menanamkan sikap spiritual dan kemandirian siswa
Authors: Susanti Nunung , Djukri Djukri 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul biologi berbasis aktivitas siswa di pondok pesantren yang efektif untuk meningkatkan sikap spiritual dan kemandirian siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan produk yang mengadaptasi model Borg dan Gall. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan yaitu tahap pencarian dan pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan, pengembangan draf produk, uji coba lapangan awal, merevisi hasil uji coba awal, uji coba lapangan produk utama, dan revisi hasil uji coba produk utama. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Ibnul Qoyyim Sleman. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil penilaian modul, sikap spiritual, dan kemandirian siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah: lembar validasi modul dan observasi kemandirian, angket keterbacaan modul, respon siswa, penilaian diri sikap spiritual, dan kemandirian. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) produk modul yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai bahan ajar dengan kategori nilai sangat baik (A), (2) modul efektif untuk meningkatkan sikap spiritual siswa dengan kategori tinggi (gain score 0,81) dan meningkatkan kemandirian siswa dengan kategori sedang ( gain score 0,52).Developing a biology module in ecosystem subject based on student’s activity at Islamic boarding school to inculcate the spiritual attitude and self-reliance of students AbstractThis research aims to develop a qualified biology module based on student’s activity in Islamic boarding school to improve students’ spiritual attitude achievement and students’ self-reliance. This research was research and development adapting Borg and Gall model. The stages of the research were research and collecting information, planning, developing a preliminary draft product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, and operational product revision. The research subject were students of class X Madrasah Aliyah Ibnul Qoyyim Sleman. The data were collected in the form of module assessment results, students’ self-reliance and students’ spiritual attitudes achievement. The research instruments were a sheet of module validation and self-reliance, a questionnaire of module readability, students’ responses, self-reliance, and self-assessment to spiritual attitude. The results of this research are: (1) a biology module based on Islamic boarding school which is qualified and feasible to apply as teaching material with a very good category (A), (2) module is effective to improve the spiritual attitude in high category (gain score 0,81)and of the students students’ self-reliance in middle category (gain score 0,52)
Pengembangan instrumen penilaian portofolio berbasis multiple intelligence untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap ilmiah
Authors: Mediartika Nindi , Aznam Nurfina 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, kelayakan, dan efektivitas penggunaan instrumen penilaian portofolio berbasis multiple intelligence untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap ilmiah siswa SMA/MA. Prosedur pengembangan menggunakan model 4-D yang dikemukakan oleh Thiagarajan, yaitu define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Hasil penelitian: (1) karakteristik instrumen memiliki tingkat kesukaran pada kisaran -2,00 sampai +1,41 dengan reliabilitas pada kisaran 0,00 sampai 0,97; (2) instrumen dikatakan layak ditinjau dari validitas isi, empiris, dan reliabilitas; (3) hasil pengukuran kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMAN 4 Yogyakarta berada pada kategori sedang dan tinggi dengan kisaran sebesar 34,7% - 65,3% dan 72,2% - 78,8%, dapat dikatakatan instrumen efektif untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa; (4) hasil pengukuran sikap ilmiah siswa berada pada kategori sedang dan tinggi dengan kisaran sebesar 36% - 66% dan 71% - 94%, dapat dikatakan instrumen efektif untuk mengukur sikap ilmiah siswa. Developing portfolio assessment based on multiple intelligence instrument for measuring critical thinking skills and scientific attitudes AbstractThis development research aims to find out characteristics, feasibility, and effevtiveness of portfolio assessment based on multiple intelligence instrument for measuring critical thinking skills and scientific attitudes. This developmental study refers to the model suggested by Thiagarajan which is define, design, develop, and disseminate. The results show that: (1) the characteristics of instrumen have good difficulty level -2,00 untill +1,41 and reliability 0,00 untill 0,97; (2) instrumen is feasible in terms of the contents and empirical validity, and reliabily; (3) the measurement of students’s critical thinking skills are in the medium and high category 34,7% - 65,3% and 72,2% - 78,8%, so that an effective instrument used to measure students’s critical thinking skills; (4) the measurement of students’s scientific attitudes are in the medium and high category 36% - 65,3% and 71% - 94%, so that an effective instrument used to measure students’s scientific attitudes.
COVID-19 Infection and Symptoms Among Emergency Medicine Residents and Fellows in an Urban Academic Hospital Setting: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Frisch Stacey , Jones Sarah , Willis James , Sinert Richard 
Published: November 2021

Background
COVID-19, an illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, affected many aspects of health care worldwide in 2020. From March to May 2020, New York City experienced a large surge of cases.

Objective
The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence of illness and symptoms experienced by residents and fellows in 2 New York City hospitals during the period of March to May 2020.

Methods
An institutional review board–exempt survey was distributed to emergency medicine housestaff in May 2020, and submissions were accepted through August 2020.

Results
Out of 104 residents and fellows, 64 responded to our survey (a 61.5% response rate). Out of 64 responders, 27 (42%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Most residents experienced symptoms that are consistent with COVID-19; however, few received polymerase chain reaction testing. Out of 27 housestaff with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 18 (67%) experienced fever and chills, compared with 8 out of 34 housestaff (24%) without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Of the 27 housestaff with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 19 (70%) experienced loss of taste and smell, compared with 2 out of 34 housestaff (6%) without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Both fever and chills and loss of taste and smell were significantly more commonly experienced by antibody-positive compared to antibody-negative housestaff (P=.002 and <.001, respectively). All 13 housestaff who reported no symptoms during the study period tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that in our hospitals, the rate of COVID-19 illness among emergency department housestaff was much higher than previously reported. Further studies are needed to characterize illness among medical staff in emergency departments across the nation. The high infection rate among emergency medicine trainees stresses the importance of supplying adequate personal protective equipment for health care professionals.
De entidad biológica a monstruo social: Una construcción semiótica del coronavirus durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Moreno Barreneche Sebastián 
Published: November 2021

Durante la primera mitad del 2020, el ‘nuevo coronavirus’, una entidad biológica invisible al ojo humano, fue representado en múltiples imágenes, productos audiovisuales, descripciones, narrativas y otros modos de articulación visual y verbal. Muchas de estas articulaciones fueron producidas por organismos internacionales, gobiernos y medios de comunicación, entre otros actores sociales, con el objetivo de hacer más tangible la amenaza representada por el virus. Al mismo tiempo, estas representaciones ayudaron a moldear cómo las personas le atribuyeron un sentido al virus, tanto en términos cognitivos como emocionales. Con apoyo en la premisa de que la realidad social se construye en procesos e interacciones múltiples y dinámicos que implican la producción, la distribución y el consumo de sentido en varios niveles, este artículo examina desde una perspectiva semiótica uno de los modos en que el coronavirus fue representado durante la pandemia del COVID-19: el que presentó al coronavirus como un enemigo malvado que es una amenaza para la humanidad y que, por lo tanto, debe ser combatido. El artículo organiza el estudio de un conjunto de representaciones del coronavirus en tres niveles —icónico, axiológico y narrativo— y discute cómo la construcción discursiva de un enemigo involucra siempre una serie de mecanismos de naturaleza semiótica que, además de representarlo, contribuyen a su construcción social.

*Este artículo fue publicado originalmente en el año 2020, en inglés, con el título “From a Biological Entity to a Social Monster. A Semiotic Construction of the Coronavirus During the Covid-19 Pandemic”, en la revista italiana Fuori Luogo, 7(1), pp. 105-115. DOI https://doi.org/10.6092/2723-9608/7041. La traducción del inglés al español —que no presenta cambios respecto a la versión original, salvo por la incorporación de nuevas entradas bibliográficas— fue realizada por su autor.