bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraosseous Cavernous Hemangioma of the Middle Turbinate: A Case Report
Authors: Bolous Yousef , Bullock Martin , Clarke David B. , Massoud Emad 
Published: January 2021

Background: We report a case of an intraosseous cavernous hemangioma originating from the middle turbinate that expanded into the anterior skull base, without traversing the cribriform plate. Methods: The mass was found incidentally after a computed tomography head was ordered for unrelated reasons. On questioning, the patient denied any nasal symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an enhancing mass and the radiological imaging supported a broad differential. Results: The lesion was removed by endoscopic image-guided surgery, and the pathology was that of a benign intraosseous cavernous hemangioma. There was no residual hemangioma on postoperative imaging and the nasal mucosa healed well. This is the first report of an intraosseous cavernous hemangioma of the middle turbinate showing superior expansion to the anterior skull base. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the extent to which cavernous hemangiomas may expand into surrounding tissues. While these lesions are uncommon, they can be considered as part of a broad differential diagnosis of sinonasal tumors.
Persistent Obstructive Sleep Apnea Burden on Family Finances and Quality of Life
Authors: Bergeron Mathieu , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveWe previously found that financial concerns negatively affect the quality of life of families of children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after tonsillectomy. The goal is to quantify the financial impact on families of children with persistent OSA and assess contributing factors.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey study with comparison group.SettingUpper airway center at a tertiary pediatric hospital.MethodsParticipants included consecutive children with persistent OSA from September to October 2017. Healthy children seen in a general otolaryngology clinic served as controls. Families of both groups completed the Family Impact Questionnaire and the modified Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST).ResultsFamilies of the 50 patients (25 study and 25 control) completed the surveys: the mean age was 6.4 years (95% CI, 5.0‐7.8), and 19 (38%) were female. There were no differences in age, sex, race, or insurance status between groups (P >. 05). The mean apnea‐hypopnea index for the study group was 7.9 events/h (range, 5.5‐10.3), and 40% (10/25) had Down syndrome. Positive airway pressure and/or oxygen were used by 72% (18/25). The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity for study patients (21.9; 95% CI, 14.8‐26.0) was significantly lower than for controls (30.2; 95% CI, 26.6‐30.8; P =. 003), reflecting elevated financial toxicity. Study families reported greater financial impact on the Family Impact Questionnaire (8.4; 95% CI, 6.1‐10.7) versus controls (3.6; 95% CI, 1.8‐5.4; P =. 002); concerns regarding missed days of work and school were common (30.7%).ConclusionFamilies of children with persistent OSA reported a high financial burden related to their children’s disease and were more likely to report financial toxicity than families of controls. Concern regarding missed work and school associated with appointments and treatment was a significant factor.
The effect of fucoidin on kidney and lung injury in a rat infrarenal aortic ischemia-reperfusion model
Authors: Güney Türkan , Kocman Atacan Emre , Ozatik Orhan , Akyüz Fahrettin 
Published: January 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fucoidin on rat kidney and lung in an infraaortic ishemia reperfusion model. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups ( n = 8) as sham, control (IR), before ischemia (BI), before reperfusion (BR), and before ischemia and before reperfusion (BI/BR). Rats were subjected to 120 minutes ischemia followed by 120 minutes reperfusion with application of infrarenal aortic clamping. BI received intravenous fucoidin (25 mg/kg) ten minutes before establishing ischemia and BR received ten minutes before reperfusion. BI/BR group received half equal doses of fucoidin both before ischemia (12.5 mg/kg) and reperfusion (12.5 mg/kg) periods, respectively. After sacrification blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical (Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Catalase (CAT), Plasma Chitotriosidase (CHIT) and serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA)) and histologic examinations. Results: MDA, NO, MPO, CAT, and IMA levels were lower in BR and BI/BR groups compared to control group ( p < 0.001). Plasma CHIT levels in BR and BI/BR groups were lower than in control group ( p < 0.05). According to histological examination kidney and lung injury scores were lower in BR and BI/BR groups compared to control group ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The study showed that fucoidin is effective in preventing kidney and lung injury if administered before reperfusion or both before ischemia and reperfusion. However, it has no effect if administered only before ischemia.
Effect of image quality on myocardial extracellular volume quantification using cardiac computed tomography: a phantom study
Authors: Funama Yoshinori , Oda Seitaro , Kidoh Masafumi , Sakabe Daisuke , Nakaura Takeshi 
Published: January 2021

Background The image quality directly affects the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) extracellular volume (ECV) quantification. Purpose To investigate the effects of image quality and acquisition protocol on the accuracy of ECV quantification. Material and Methods One-volume scans were performed on a 320-row multidetector CT volume scanner using a multi-energy CT phantom. To simulate the blood pool and myocardium, solid rods representing blood and soft tissue were used in precontrast CT. Moreover, the solid rods including different iodine concentrations were used in postcontrast CT. The tube voltage was set at 120 kVp, and the tube current was changed from 750 mA (100% dose) to 190 mA (25% dose). All images underwent full- and half-scan reconstructions based on model-based iterative reconstruction. The ECV was calculated from the CT numbers between pre- and postcontrast. Results The mean ECV with full- and half-scan reconstructions at the central portion was 0.275 at 100% scan dose to 0.271 at 25% scan dose and 0.276 at 100% scan dose to 0.269 at 25% scan dose. Compared with that in the 100% scan dose, the variation in each ECV increased with decreasing radiation dose. The ECV at the center of the image along the z-axis had lower variation than that at outer portion of the images. On the reconstruction algorithm, there was no statistical difference in ECVs with full- and half-scan reconstructions. Conclusion For stable ECV quantifications, excessive radiation dose reduction may be inappropriate, and it is better to consider the variations in ECV values depending on the slice location.
Effects of Anterolateral Structure Augmentation on the In Vivo Kinematics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knees
Authors: Chen Jiebo , Wang Cong , Xu Caiqi , Qiu Jiayu , Xu Junjie , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Zhao Jinzhong 
Published: January 2021

Background: Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is a well-known treatment that restores the stability of ACL-deficient knees. However, some isolated ACL-reconstructed knees ultimately show rotatory laxity and develop osteoarthritis. Whether combined ACLR with anterolateral structure (ALS) augmentation (ALSA) can provide better improvement in the in vivo knee rotational kinematics remains unknown. Hypothesis: When compared with isolated double-bundle ACLR, combined double-bundle ACLR with ALSA can improve knee in vivo rotational kinematics and provide better restoration of knee kinematics. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen patients with unilateral ACL injury were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive either combined double-bundle ACLR and ALSA (ALSA group) or isolated double-bundle ACLR (ACLR group). All patients performed a single-leg lunge using the operative and nonoperative/contralateral legs under dual-fluoroscopic imaging system surveillance during a hospital visit at a minimum 1 year (12-13 months) of follow-up to assess the 6 degrees of freedom knee kinematics. Functional evaluation using the Lysholm and Marx rating scales and clinical examinations were also performed. Results: From full extension to approximately 90° of knee flexion at 5° intervals, the mean ± SD internal rotation of the reconstructed knees in the ALSA group (1.5°± 0.9°) was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral knees (8.2°± 1.9°; P = .008). The ALSA group knees also showed significantly ( P = .045) more medial translation than the contralateral knees. In the ACLR group, the mean internal rotation of the reconstructed knee (6.0°± 2.1°) was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral knees (8.9°± 0.6°; P < .001). At full extension, the tibia was significantly more externally rotated than that of the contralateral legs (0.5°± 7.4° vs 7.6°± 3.4°, P = .049). Conclusion: When compared with isolated double-bundle ACLR, double-bundle ACLR augmented with ALS reconstruction resulted in anterolateral rotatory overconstraint during the lunge motion. Clinical Relevance: Additional ALSA of double-bundle ACL-reconstructed knees overconstrained rotatory stability. Therefore, the use of ALSA for ACL-reconstructed knees should be considered with caution for patients with ACL deficiency and anterolateral rotatory instability. Longer-term follow-up to evaluate long-term outcomes and altered kinematics over time is recommended.
Ultrasound as a Valuable Imaging Modality in Sclerosing Lymphocytic Lobulitis: Imaging Features Based on a Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 51 Cases
Authors: Sato Lucy Tiemi , de Mello Giselle Guedes Netto , Stiepcich Monica Maria Agata , Tucunduva Tatiana Cardoso de Mello , Torres Ulysses S. , Reis André Fernandes , Lederman Henrique Manoel 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Sclerosing lymphocytic lobulitis (SLL) is a rare benign breast condition usually associated with diabetes mellitus and whose imaging features have been assessed in few studies, limiting the adoption of diagnostic guidelines. We aimed to identify the main morphological features associated with SLL on imaging examinations (mainly ultrasound and mammography) and to retrospectively evaluate the role that each method played in the diagnostic workup (detection and indication for biopsy). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a high-volume single center, encompassing 51 consecutive patients (100% female; 26-78 y; 43.7 ± 15.5 y) with histopathologically proven SLL (59 lesions; 0.5-6.1 cm). Results: Most lesions (31/59; 53%) were found in asymptomatic individuals. Ultrasound detected 91.1% (51 out of 56 lesions assessed by this modality), of which 94.1% were non-circumscribed masses (BI-RADS® 4). Mammography detected 41.6% (15 out of 36 lesions assessed by this modality), with a predominance (80%) of non-calcified ones (masses, asymmetries and distortion). Two-year follow-up was achieved in 29 lesions (49%), showing complete remission (45%) or stability (41%) in most cases. Conclusions: Most lesions in this retrospective sample have been detected by means of ultrasound and had their need for biopsy indicated by this modality. Female diabetic patients younger than 40 years presenting with a palpable lesion and a non-circumscribed mass on ultrasound could be submitted to core biopsy; histopathologic findings suggestive of SLL should be considered concordant in this scenario, with subsequent conservative treatment.
Noninvasive Ventilation in a Pediatric Trauma Center: A Cohort Study
Authors: Piastra Marco , De Bellis Andrea , Morena Tony C. , De Luca Daniele , Pezza Lucilla , Pizza Alessandro , Genovese Orazio , Mancino Aldo , Picconi Enzo , Conti Giorgio 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine whether non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can avoid the need for tracheal intubation and/or reduce the duration of invasive ventilation (IMV) in previously intubated patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and developing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) after major traumatic injury. Study Design: A single center observational cohort study. Setting: Pediatric ICU in a University Hospital (tertiary referral Pediatric Trauma Centre) Population: During the 48-month study period, 276 patients (median age 6.4 years) with trauma were admitted to PICU; among 86 of them, who suffered from AHRF and received ventilation (IMV and/or NIV) for more than 12 hrs, 32 patients (median age 8.5 years) were treated with NIV. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria: at least 12 hours of NIV; exclusion criteria: patients with facial trauma or congenital malformations; patients receiving IMV <12 hours or perioperative ventilation. Measurements and Results: Among NIV patients, 27 (84,3%) were previously on IMV, while 5 (15,6%) could be managed exclusively with NIV. In patients with post-extubation respiratory distress, NIV was successful in 88.4% of cases. Before starting NIV, P/F ratio was 242.7 ± 71. After 8 hours of NIV treatment, a significant oxygenation improvement (PaO2/FiO2 = 354.3 ± 81; p = 0.0002) was found, with no significant changes in carbon dioxide levels. A trend toward increasing ventilation-free time has been evidenced; NIV resulted feasible and generally well tolerated. Conclusions: AHRF in trauma patients is multifactorial and may be due to many reasons, such as lung contusion, aspiration of blood or gastric contents. Systemic inflammatory response and transfusions may also contribute to hypoxia. Our pilot study strongly suggests that NIV can be applied in post-traumatic AHRF: it may successfully reduce the time of both invasive ventilation and deep sedation. Further data from controlled studies are needed to assess the advantage of NIV in pediatric trauma.
How Do Patients With Parkinson’s Disease Approach Advance Care Planning? A UK-Based Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Churm Deepta , Dickinson Claire , Robinson Louise , Paes Paul , Cronin Thomas , Walker Richard 
Published: January 2021

Background: Advance Care Planning (ACP) allows people the opportunity to plan for a time when they may lose capacity. The aim of this study was to determine the extent people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were aware of ACP, existing plans they held and to explore their own views, as well as their relatives, on planning for the future. Methods: This was a sequential explanatory mixed methods study with a postal quantitative survey to establish awareness and engagement with planning for the future; and qualitative semi-structured interviews to explore the views of people with PD and their relatives on ACP and future plans. Results: 104 questionnaires were analyzed. 76% of respondents had not heard of ACP, while 69% expressed an interest in finding out more about ACP. 78% had a will, and 23% had appointed lasting power of attorneys. All interviewees acknowledged engaging in some aspect of planning. Plans were mostly practical as opposed to health-care related. Interviewees expressed a preference for ACP to be carried out by their PD team, at home, and at a time relevant to their condition. Conclusion: The awareness and understanding of ACP in people with PD is low. While there is desire to be better informed about ACP, this did not translate into desire to engage in ACP. Health professionals should identify people for whom ACP may serve a positive purpose, and proactively address ACP as a continuum with them, while ensuring awareness is raised about ACP, and there is access for who are interested.
Cornel West and Marxist Humanism
Authors: Fuchs Christian 
Published: January 2021

Humanity has experienced an explosion of anti-humanism in the form of authoritarian capitalism, postmodern filter bubbles, and global problems. Marxist/Socialist Humanism is the proper answer to the deep crisis of humanity. In this context, this article asks ‘How can Cornel West’s works inform a contemporary Marxist humanist theory of society?’ Taking West’s works as a starting point, what are the key elements of a Marxist humanist theory of society? Cornel West is one of the leading critical intellectuals today. His work has fused anti-racist theory, Black Liberation Theology, Marxist theory, pragmatism, and existentialism. This article especially focuses on West’s understanding of humanism and culture. It shows how his works and praxis can inform the reinvigoration of Marxist Humanism in the age of authoritarian capitalism as a socialist response. West’s thought can and should also inform the analysis of alienation, exploitation, domination, culture, the public sphere, the critique of ideology, and popular culture.
Spirituality and the Illness Experience: Perspectives of African American Older Adults
Authors: Siler Shaunna , Arora Kelly , Doyon Katherine , Fischer Stacy M. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Disparities in hospice and palliative care (PC) for African Americans have been linked to mistrust toward the healthcare system, racial inequalities, and cultural preferences. Spirituality has been identified as important to African Americans in general. Less is known about the influence of spirituality on African American illness experiences. Objective: The goal of this study was to understand older African Americans’ perspectives on how spirituality influences chronic illness experiences to inform the development of a culturally tailored PC intervention. Methods: In partnership with 5 churches in the Denver metropolitan area, we conducted focus groups with African American older adults (n = 50) with chronic health conditions and their family caregivers. Transcripts were analyzed using a deductive approach. The theoretical framework for this study draws on psychology of religion research. Results: Themes referenced participants’ spiritual orienting systems, spiritual coping strategies, and spiritual coping styles. Psycho-spiritual struggles, social struggles, and sources of social support were also identified. Findings suggest African Americans’ spirituality influences chronic illness experiences. Participants relied on their spirituality and church community to help them cope with illness. In addition, social struggles impacted the illness experience. Social struggles included mistrust toward the healthcare system and not being connected to adequate resources. Participants expressed a need to advocate for themselves and family members to receive better healthcare. Churches were referred to as a trusted space for health resources, as well as spiritual and social support.
Ambulatory chemotherapy: Past, present, and future
Authors: Sabbagh Dit Hawasli Racha , Barton Stephen , Nabhani-Gebara Shereen 
Published: January 2021

Ambulatory chemotherapy allows the delivery of short and extended chemotherapy infusions through a portable pump from the comfort of patients’ homes. It is essential to offer it for suitable candidates to ensure both their safety and the success of the treatment session. This requires a delicate balance between clinical assessment and patient acceptance. The two main components of this treatment modality are the pump and the access device. There are several pump designs and mechanisms on the market, with the latest being the portable disposable elastomeric one. Clinicians along with a multidisciplinary medical team often decide upon the type of access device; patients are also involved whenever shared decision making is practiced. Despite some reports of pump programming errors or malfunctions, research is underway to find innovative solutions to support its use.
A comparison of clinical outcomes in PPMS in the INFORMS original trial data set
Authors: Koch Marcus W , Mostert Jop P , Uitdehaag Bernard , Cutter Gary 
Published: January 2021

Background: The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) is the standard clinical outcome measure in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), even though the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), nine-hole peg test (NHPT) or combinations of these measures may be more useful. The paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) is a widely used cognitive measure in MS, but little is known about change in PASAT scores over time in PPMS. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare clinical outcome measures in a large PPMS trial data set. Methods: We determined significant worsening events on the EDSS, T25FW and NHPT, and PASAT scores over the course of this 3-year trial. We compared unconfirmed, confirmed and sustained disability worsening and contrasted disability worsening with similarly defined improvement. We examined the association of baseline characteristics with the risk of disability worsening at 12, 24 and 36 months with logistic regression models. Results: The EDSS and T25FW showed most worsening events, while only few patients worsened on the NHPT. Adding the NHPT to a combined outcome added only few further worsening events. PASAT scores slightly increased over time, possibly due to a practice effect. Conclusion: Both the EDSS and T25FW, but not NHPT or PASAT, appear to be useful outcome measures in PPMS.
CSF extracellular vesicles and risk of disease activity after a first demyelinating event
Authors: Dalla Costa Gloria , Croese Tommaso , Pisa Marco , Finardi Annamaria , Fabbella Lorena , Martinelli Vittorio , Leocani Letizia , Filippi Massimo , Comi Giancarlo , Furlan Roberto 
Published: January 2021

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a recently described mechanism of cell communication, are released from activated microglial cells and macrophages and are a candidate biomarker in diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory process such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We explored cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicle (CSF EV) of myeloid origin (MEVs), cytokine and chemokine levels in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Results: We found that CSF MEVs were significantly higher in CIS patients than in controls and were inversely correlated to CSF CCL2 levels. MEVs level were significantly associated with an shorter time to evidence of disease activity (hazard ratio: 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.02, p < 0.01) independently from other known prognostic markers. Conclusion: After a first demyelinating event, CSF EVs may improve risk stratification of these patients and allow more targeted intervention strategies.