bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Responsible for Joining MLM Business and Relation of Mode of Association with Networker’s Satisfaction
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Satsangi Akshay Kumar 
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on identifying factors responsible for joining Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) business by the networkers and analysis of satisfaction level of networkers with respect to the mode of association with MLM business. A quantitative methodology with a survey technique was used on 305 selected networkers who operate their MLM business from Kanpur city. Factors responsible for encouraging people to join the MLM business as a networker are explored by the factor analytical approach. An independent T-test was employed to test the proposed hypothesis. This study found that earn income for meeting expenses, source of residual income, low investment and low risk, more leisure time, personality development, better lifestyle, enhance social interaction, and helping others are the key factors that motivate the networkers to join MLM business. Moreover, the networkers involved in MLM business through any mode of the association are equally satisfied with this business.
Assessment of surface waters and pollution impacts in Southern Ghana
Authors: Bessah Enoch , Raji Abdulganiy O. , Taiwo Olalekan J. , Agodzo Sampson K. , Ololade Olusola O. , Strapasson Alexandre , Donkor Emmanuel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Illegal mining and inappropriate use of agrochemicals have exacerbated surface water pollution in Ghana. The quality of water has changed, and knowledge of their current condition is important for formulating policies to conserve the country's water bodies. This study assessed the quality of surface waters in Ghana's Pra River Basin. A survey of 344 local farmers randomly sampled was conducted and a physicochemical analysis of 33 water samples collected from 25 rivers in the basin. Boreholes are the main source of drinking water for 85% of farmers, and they assessed water quality by its appearance. Rainwater provides over 50% of the water needed by the respondents for domestic use. River water was mainly used for crop production and only secondarily for domestic use. At more than 80% of the sampled sites, pH, Fe and P were above the WHO recommended values, while Pb was exceeded at 30% of the sites. Cu, Hg, As and Fe were above permissible levels for irrigation, especially near the mining areas. The poor quality of river water makes it unusable despite its availability. A more effective and efficient land-use policy focusing on buffer zone protection is recommended to minimise water quality degradation in the basin.
Analisis nilai ekonomi objek wisata depati VII Coffee & Resort Kota Sungai Penuh menggunakan metode biaya perjalanan
Authors: Nofrizal Gio Azizi , Umiyati Etik , Nurhayani Nurhayani 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the economic value and analyze the effect of income and distance from houses to tourist objects on travel costs of the Depati VII Coffee & Resort Tourism Object in Sungai Penuh City. The population in this study were 5,724, 8,886, and 15,771 visitors in 2017,2018 and 2019. The sample in this study was 44 people, and accidental sampling was carried out, meaning anyone who happened to meet the researcher when collecting data. The method used in this research is descriptive and quantitative data collection, quantitative analysis using multiple linear regression based on a questionnaire, with the method of travel costs, it can be shown that the economic value of the Tourism Object of Depati VII Coffee & Resort is Rp. 1,225,884,089.18. In multiple linear regression, income has a significant effect, and the distance does not have a significant effect on travel costs to the Tourism Object of Depati VII Coffee & Resort while using the F test shows that income and distance affect travel costs to the Tourism Object of Depati VII Coffee & Resort.
Keywords: Tourism object of Depati VII Coffee & resort, Economic value, Travel cost method
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Aktivitas Materi Rangkaian Listrik untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wahyuni_123 Ani , Hutagalung Siti Aulia 
Published: November 2021

Researchers conducted a field study to SD PAB 20, and found problems regarding student learning outcomes that were unsatisfactory in science lessons because there was no activity-based learning process (practicum), learning was still limited in time and media. Therefore, in this study, researchers made the development of activity-based teaching materials in simple electrical circuit material to improve student learning outcomes, increase creativity and critical nature of students. Before research into the field, the media created were validated by material experts and design experts. The results of the material expert validation show 80% and the design expert validation is 92.8%. From these results it can be classified that teaching materials that have been made are proven to be valid and tested for eligibility for testing to students. For processing student data through pre and posttest, researchers used the N-Gain formula. From the average pretest results obtained 46 and posttest results obtained an average of 84. If these values are classified, the final result is 70%. The figure is included in the high criteria. So it can be concluded that, activity-based teaching materials used, can improve student learning outcomes and foster student creative nature.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Strategi Think, Predict, Read, Connect untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sari Diah Permata , Safrizal Safrizal 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi berdasarkan hasil analisis bahan ajar membaca pemahaman di kelas VI Sekolah Dasar (SD) ditemui beberapa permasalahan tentang bahan ajar menulis narasi salah satunya bahan ajar yang digunakan belum memuat tahapan membaca yang semestinya serta bahan ajar belum dikembangkan secara maksimal. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan guru harus mampu mengembangkan bahan ajar sebagai sarana dalam membantu proses pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca peserta didik. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam upaya pengembangan bahan ajar ini adalah menghasilkan bahan ajar membaca pemahaman yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 tahap yaitu: tahap Analisis (analysis), perancangan (design), pengembangan (development), implementasi (implementation) dan Evaluasi (Evaluation). Data penelitian dari uji validitas diperoleh melalui lembar validasi bahan ajar. Data kepraktisan diperoleh dari melalui lembar keterlaksanaan RPP, penilaian respon guru dan penilaian peserta didik. Keefektifan dilihat dari aktivitas, penilaian proses membaca pemahaman, dan penilaian hasil membaca pemahaman. Berdasakan uji validitas diperoleh data bahwa persentase rata-rata bahan ajar dari validator ahli dan validator praktisi. Persentase validator ahli adalah 91,5% dengan kategori sangat valid dan persentase praktisi pendidikan adalah 91,9% dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil uji praktikalitas dari keterlaksanaan RPP diperoleh persentase 90,1% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Penilaian respon guru diperoleh persentase 90,3% dan penilaian respon peserta didik adalah 88,8% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Efektifitas bahan ajar dilihat dari aktivitas peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata persentase 82,5% dengan kategori sangat baik. Dari penilaian proses membaca pemahaman diperoleh persentase 83,3% dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Dari penilaian hasil membaca pemahaman diketahui bahwa persentase ketuntasan hasil membaca pemahaman peserta didik cenderung meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahan ajar membaca pemahaman menggunakan strategi TPRC (Think, Predict, Read, Connect) di kelas VI Sekolah Dasar yang dikembangkan dapat dinyatakan valid, praktis, dan efektif.
Detection of pig based on improved RESNET model in natural scene
Authors: Song Weixian , Fang Junlong , Wang Runtao , Tan Kezhu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The behaviours of the pig are often closely related to their health. Pig recognition is very important for pig behaviour analysis and digital breeding. Currently, the early signs and abnormal behaviours of sick pigs in breeding farms are mainly completed by human observation. However, visual inspection is labour intensive and time-consuming, and it suffers from the problems of individual experiences and varying environments. An improved ResNet model was proposed and applied to detect individual pigs in this study based on deep learning knowledge. The developed model captured the features of pigs applying across layer connections, and the ability of feature expression was improved by adding a new residual module. The number of layers was reduced to minimise the net complexity. Generally, the ResNet frame was developed by reducing the number of convolution layers, constructing different types of the residual module and adding the number of convolution kernels. The training accuracy and testing accuracy reached 98.2% and 96.4%, respectively, when using the improved model. The experiment results showed that the method proposed in this paper for checking living situations and disease prevention of commercial pigs in pig farms is potential.
Analysis of the pile skin resistance formation
Authors: Siemaszko Paweł , Meyer Zygmunt 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a method based on a static load test which is aimed to verify the mechanism of the piles soil–skin interaction. The authors base their analysis on detailed data from static load test with extensometers on CFA piles. The main goal of the research is to determine the proper method of examining how the skin of the pile and soil interacts and apply it to practical engineering practice. As the first stage of the research is limited to the available set of piles, the authors make assumptions that will be verified on later stages of research as more data become available. The authors attempt to formulate the boundary conditions for the formation of pile skin resistance formation using mathematical physics equations to describe the phenomena. Current research proves that it is possible, with the suitable for practical engineering calculations, to describe soil–pile interaction mechanism based on static load test results. Experimental research indicated that there is possibility, for practical engineering calculations purposes, to assume that skin resistance of the pile due to depth can be presented with linear graph. The description is made upon extensometer results, but is meant to be appropriate with the standard static load test results, which provide load–settlement curve of the pile.
Effects of Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of V2O5 Thin Films Prepared by RF Sputtering for Humidity Sensor Application
Authors: Hassan Bakr F. , Dathan Mohammed J. , Abdallah Anas A. 
Published: November 2021

In this work, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films were prepared using rf magnetron sputtering on silicon wafer and glass substrates from V2O5 target at 200 °C substrate temperature, followed by annealing at 400 and 500 °C in air for 2 h. The prepared thin films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), forier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible absorbance, and direct current coductivity to study the effects of annealing temperature on their structural and optical properties. The XRD analysis exhibited that the annealing promoted the highly crystallized V2O5 phase that is highly orientated along the c direction. The crystalline size increased from 22.5 nm to 35.4 nm with increasing the annealing temperature to 500 °C. The FTIR spectroscopy showed the enhancement of the characteristics band for the V2O5 with increasing annealing temperature to 500 °C. The optical study showed that the energy gap for the sample deposited on glass slides decreased from 2.85 eV, for as deposited sample, to 2.6 eV upon annealing the sample to 500 °C. There was a linear dependence between sensitivity and relative humidity (RH) at the range from 25% to 70%, while the behavior was exponential at high RH range.
Cechy duchowości św. Jana Bosko na podstawie tekstów mszalnych.
Authors: Błaszczyk Radosław Marek 
Published: November 2021

Autor w swoim opracowaniu poddał analizie wszystkie teksty euchologijne liturgicznego wspomnienia św. Jana Bosko znajdujące się zarówno w Mszale Rzymskim dla diecezji polskich, jak i w Messale Proprio della Famiglia Salesiana. Okazała się ona cennym zabiegiem, który miał na celu ukazanie zasadniczych elementów duchowości św. Jana Bosko, założyciela Towarzystwa św. Franciszka Salezego. Ponadto artykuł prezentuje bogactwo tekstów mszalnych, które spełniają wiele funkcji przede wszystkim formacyjnych i dydaktycznych, które przy dobrym wykorzystaniu mogą powiększyć plejadę osób wyniesionych w Kościele katolickim do grona błogosławionych i kanonizowanych.
Clostridium perfringens in the spine: A rare cause of post-surgical infection
Authors: Marroquin-Herrera Omar , Rosales-Camargo Santiago Andres , Morales-Sáenz Luis Carlos , Alvarado-Gomez Fernando 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Post-surgical infections of the spine occur in from 0% to 18% of cases. Postoperative spine infections due to Clostridium Perfringens (CP) resulting in necrotizing fasciitis are extremely rare. However, since they may be fatal, early and definitive treatment is critical.

Case Description: A
62-year-old male with a T8-T9 Type C fracture, in ASIA Grade “E” (neurologically intact) underwent a posterior T6-T10 arthrodesis. However, 2 weeks postoperatively, he developed a postoperative thoracic wound infection; the cultures were positive for CP. As the patient developed necrotizing fasciitis, emergent debridement, negative pressure continued drainage, and initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy were critical.

Conclusion:
Postoperative spinal infections due to CP with accompanying necrotizing fasciitis are extremely rare. As these infections may be fatal, they must be rapidly diagnosed and treated.
Occipital condyle screw fixation after posterior decompression for Chiari malformation: Technical report and application
Authors: Chakraborty Arpan R. , Pelargos Panayiotis E. , Milton Camille K. , Martin Michael D. , Bauer Andrew M. , Dunn Ian F. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Surgical techniques for stabilization of the occipital cervical junction have traditionally consisted of screw-based techniques applied in conjunction with occipital plating and rods connected to subaxial instrumentation in the form of pars, pedicle, or lateral mass screws. In patients with type 1 Chiari malformation (CM-1) and evidence of occipital cervical junction instability who have undergone posterior decompression, the occipital condyle (OC) represents a potential alternative cranial fixation point. To date, this technique has only been described in pediatric case reports and morphometric cadaver studies.

Methods:
Patients underwent posterior fossa decompression for treatment of CM. Subsequently, patients received occipital cervical stabilization using OC screws.

Results:
Patients were successfully treated with no post-operative morbidity. Patient 2 was found to have pseudoarthrosis and underwent revision. Both patients continue to do well at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
Placement of the OC screw offers advantages over traditional plate-based occipital fixation in that bone removal for suboccipital decompression is not compromised by the need for hardware placement, screws are hidden underneath ample soft tissue in patients with thin skin which prevents erosion, and the OC consists of primarily cortical bone which provides for robust tricortical fixation. These cases demonstrate the novel application of the OC screw fixation technique to the treatment of occipital cervical junction instability in adult patients undergoing simultaneous posterior fossa decompression.
ALMANYA’DA DİN GÖREVLİLERİNİN İSTİHDAM VE EĞİTİMİNDE YENİ YÖNTEM ARAYIŞLARI
Authors: SÖZEN Hasan , GENCEL SÖZEN Hayriye 
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmanın konusu, Almanya’da din görevlilerinin istihdam ve eğitiminde benimsenen yeni yöntem ve uygulamalardır. Buna göre çalışmanın amacı, Almanya’da din görevlisi istihdam ve eğitiminde yeni yöntem arayışlarını tespit etmek, bunların imkân ve sınırlarını ortaya koymaktır. Verilerin toplanmasında nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden literatür taraması (doküman incelemesi) kullanılmıştır. Böylece konuya ilişkin kaynaklar/dokümanlar tespit edilmiş, toplanmış ve bütüncül bir anlayışla ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiş; alt problemlerle uyumlu bir şekilde temalara göre düzenlenmiş, tanımlanmış ve açıklanmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda, Almanya’daki din görevlilerinin büyük bir bölümünün yurt dışından, özellikle de Türkiye’den geldiği, bunların da önemli bir bölümünün Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliğine bağlı cami ve derneklerde görev aldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Almanya’daki din görevlilerinin eğitim ve istihdamının dini toplulukların görev ve sorumluluğu altında olduğu, bu durumun Federal Anayasa’nın ilgili maddelerince güvence altına alındığı belirlenmiştir. Bazı dini toplulukların bu konuda uzun yıllara dayanan deneyim ve tecrübelere sahip olmakla birlikte bu eğitimlerin kurumsal ve sistematik olmadığı saptanmıştır. Artan siyasi baskıların Müslüman çatı örgütleri din görevlisi eğitim ve istihdamında resmi kurum ve kuruluşlarla iş birliği yapmaya zorladığı belirlenmiştir. Buna göre bazı dini topluluklar söz konusu sürecin birer parçası olurken, bazıları Alman devletinin taleplerine ihtiyatlı yaklaşmaya devam etmektedir. Alman devleti, ilahiyat programlarının içeriğini doğrudan belirleyemediği gibi din görevlilerinin sahip olması gereken özellikler ile din görevliliğinin gerektirdiği şartları da düzenleyememektedir. Bu nedenle yetkililer bir taraftan din görevlisi eğitimine dair akademik düzeyde öneriler geliştirirken, diğer taraftan bu önerilerin Müslüman örgütler tarafından kabul edilmesi için çaba göstermektedir.
STUDY IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SARCOCYSTOSIS SARCOCYSTIS CAMELI IN CAMELS IN AI-QADISIYAH PROVINCE
Authors: Al-Hamad N. N. A. , Yacoub A. Y. , Raishan A. 
Published: November 2021

The aim of study was to investigate the prevalence of macroscopic and microscopic sarcocystosis of 312 camels slaughtered in Al-Qadisiyah province abattoirs. The developmental stages were studied in experimentally infected dogs with Sarcocystis cameli. For macroscopic sarcocystis naked eye examination was done while for microscopic type, the methods were employed (peptic muscular digestion, trichinoscopy, squeezing and histological examination) for the detection of infection in esophagus, heart, diaphragm and skeletal muscles. The percentage prevalence of macroscopic cysts were first recorded (0.64%) among the different organs examined. The rate of microscopic infection was (83.3%) in peptic digestion method followed by squeezing and trichinoscopy were 78.47 % and 58% respectively The highest rate of infection was recorded in the esophagus and the lowest in the heart. Histological examination revealed two different morphological cysts, the first one with thin wall and the other thick striated wall. The pre patent periods were 8-9 and 10-12day respectively, each infected dog-shed total about 32 * 10* sporocysts per gram of faeces. The peak of shedding reached 326*10* sarocystis per gram of faeces day12 post infection histological development stages of the parasite were detected in the small intestine mucosa of dog in days 6 and 12 post infection.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ROTA VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEATIC INFANT BABIES AND NEWLY BORN CALVES
Authors: Al-Falahy Raja. H. , Al-Bana Anton S. , Odisho Shoney M. 
Published: November 2021

Rota viruses were isolated in vero continuous cell line from infant babies and newly borne calves affected by diarrhea after treatment in every passage with 10 mg/ml of trypsin and adding 0.5 mg/ml of trypsin in the maintenance media. The isolated viruses induced distinctive and progressive type of cytopatheic effect in infected cells and highest titer was 2x10 6. TCID,50/0.1 for bovine viral isolate. The isolated 50/0.1 for human viral isolate and 2x10 » viruses were identified by indirect fluorescent antibody technique by using reference calf rotavirus antisera. Comparative study were conducted on both human and bovine viral isolate including growth in different cell culture, vero cell line was very sensitive to support growth of both viruses than secondary embryonic calf kidney cell culture, lamb testes and primary embryonic chicken fibroblast cell culture. Both viruses induced morphologically similar kind or plaques in vero cell line but plaqes formed by human isolate were larger in size about 1.5 - 2.5 mm in diameter than those of bovine isolate 1.5 - 2 mm. Cross reactive viral antigens were detected between the isolated viruses in indirect fluorescent antibody technique but not in serum neutralization test by using reference bovine rotavirus antisera.
MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN BROILER CHICKS DUE TO ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS INFECTION
Authors: AL-Hyali H. M. I. 
Published: November 2021

Forty five cases, 7-14 day-old chicks were studied, they showed respiratory and nervous signs with yellowish granulomatous necrotic foci on the air sacs, liver, kidneys, cerebellum and cerebrum. Swabs were taken 7 days post inoculation, culture was made on Sabouraud's dextros agar,. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated. Diagnosis was confirmed by experimentally exposed one day-old chicks to aerosols of A. fumigatus conidia and also by microscopic demonstration of typical fruiting bodies and spores of the fungus in fresh preparations made from Sabouraud's agar. tissues from fungal-infected Examination of histological sections of cerebrum and cerebellum chicks stained with hematoxylin and eosin and PAS stains revealed granulomas lesion with a central area of necrosis containing heterophils surrounded by macrophages, gaint cells, lymphocytes and layer of fibrous tissue. It was concluded that the cases deal within this study had been infected with A. fumigataus.
Розробка рекомендацій командиру підрозділу ППО з підвищення оперативності розрахунку вогневих можливостей підрозділу в умовах оборонного бою
Authors: Лезік О.В. , Левагін Г.А. , Волков А.Ф. , Мужук М.В. , Лукашов В.Ю. , Шевченко М.В. 
Published: November 2021

В роботі проводиться стислий аналіз можливого масштабу та характеру дій засобів повітряного нападу противника по підрозділах та об’єктах загальновійськового підрозділу, розглядається характеристика загальновійськового підрозділу, як об’єкту протиповітряної оборони з метою його якісного прикриття при повній реалізації бойових можливостей підрозділу ППО, який прикриває цей загальновійськовий підрозділ, розглядаються шляхи підвищення оперативності розрахунку вогневих підрозділів ППО. Для цього вибирається показник розрахунку вогневих можливостей зенітного підрозділу, після чого є можливість проведення розрахунку цих можливостей. Отже, виникає питання в удосконаленні методичної бази досліджень і оцінювання бойових можливостей підрозділу ППО тактичної ланки. Практичне значення отриманих результатів полягає у реалізації пропозицій щодо бойового застосування підрозділу ППО в ході виконання завдань підрозділами ППО Сухопутних військ в районі проведення ООС.