bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RERE deficiency contributes to the development of orofacial clefts in humans and mice
Authors: Kim Bum Jun , Zaveri Hitisha P , Kundert Peter N , Jordan Valerie K , Scott Tiana M , Carmichael Jenny , Scott Daryl A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Deletions of chromosome 1p36 are the most common telomeric deletions in humans and are associated with an increased risk of orofacial clefting. Deletion/phenotype mapping, combined with data from human and mouse studies, suggests the existence of multiple 1p36 genes associated with orofacial clefting including SKI, PRDM16, PAX7 and GRHL3. The arginine–glutamic acid dipeptide (RE) repeats gene (RERE) is located in the proximal critical region for 1p36 deletion syndrome and encodes a nuclear receptor co-regulator. Pathogenic RERE variants have been shown to cause neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye or heart (NEDBEH). Cleft lip has previously been described in one individual with NEDBEH. Here we report the first individual with NEDBEH to have a cleft palate. We confirm that RERE is broadly expressed in the palate during mouse embryonic development, and we demonstrate that the majority of RERE-deficient mouse embryos on C57BL/6 background have cleft palate. We go on to show that ablation of Rere in cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, mediated by a Wnt1-Cre, leads to delayed elevation of the palatal shelves and cleft palate and that proliferation of mesenchymal cells in the palatal shelves is significantly reduced in Rereflox/flox; Wnt1-Cre embryos. We conclude that loss of RERE function contributes to the development of orofacial clefts in individuals with proximal 1p36 deletions and NEDBEH and that RERE expression in CNC cells and their derivatives is required for normal palatal development.
Scavenging Effects of Large Canids
Authors: Wirsing Aaron J , Newsome Thomas M 
Published: March 2021

Synopsis
Many large predators are also facultative scavengers that may compete with and depredate other species at carcasses. Yet, the ecological impacts of facultative scavenging by large predators, or their “scavenging effects,” still receive relatively little attention in comparison to their predation effects. To address this knowledge gap, we comprehensively examine the roles played by, and impacts of, facultative scavengers, with a focus on large canids: the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), dhole (Cuon alpinus), dingo (Canis dingo), Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), gray wolf (Canis lupus), maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), and red wolf (Canis rufus). Specifically, after defining facultative scavenging as use or usurpation of a carcass that a consumer has not killed, we (1) provide a conceptual overview of the community interactions around carcasses that can be initiated by facultative scavengers, (2) review the extent of scavenging by and the evidence for scavenging effects of large canids, (3) discuss external factors that may diminish or enhance the effects of large canids as scavengers, and (4) identify aspects of this phenomenon that require additional research attention as a guide for future work.
A bycatch surprise: Scyllarus subarctus Crosnier, 1970 (Decapoda: Achelata: Scyllaridae) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Tanduo Valentina , Osca David , Crocetta Fabio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Scyllarus Fabricius, 1775 includes nine species worldwide, three of which have been recorded from the Mediterranean Sea: S. arctus (Linnaeus, 1758), S. caparti Holthuis, 1952, and S. pygmaeus Bate, 1888. A Scyllarus specimen not ascribable to any of the previous species was trawled in November 2020 in unconsolidated substrates in the Gulf of Naples, Italy. The sample was subsequently identified through an integrative taxonomic approach as Scyllarus subarctus Crosnier, 1970, a species originally described from southern Angola (Eastern Atlantic Ocean) and apparently expanding northward along Western Africa. It is possible that this taxon may have been already present in the Mediterranean but went overlooked or undetected. Results obtained through molecular analyses underlined the necessity of an extensive update of the supraspecific taxonomy of scyllarids.
The price of distance: pricing-to-market and geographic barriers
Authors: Kano Kazuko , Kano Takashi , Takechi Kazutaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trade costs contribute to price differentials across geographically separated regions. However, when using price differential data, the identification of distance-elastic trade costs depends on how producers set prices in remote markets. To address this problem, we first empirically demonstrate that a variable markup model is more relevant than a constant markup model to describe the data variation. We then adopt a nonhomothetic preference framework to consider pricing-to-market and self-selection bias to pin down the distance effect. If these factors are not accounted for, the distance elasticity of trade costs is small. However, by incorporating these mechanisms, our empirical analysis using micro-level data reveals that the distance effect is significantly large, suggesting that the price of geographic barriers to regional trade is high.
To Name and Shame or Not, and If So, How? A Pragmatic Analysis of Naming and Shaming the Chinese Government over Mass Atrocity Crimes against the Uyghurs and Other Muslim Minorities in Xinjiang
Authors: Gallagher Adrian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFaced with crimes such as genocide there is an understandable plea for actors to name and shame the perpetrators involved. The problem is that studies show that while there are cases where this practice has a positive influence, there are many examples where it is not only ineffective, but also counterproductive as it leads to an increase in human rights violations. With this in mind, the article asks, is it right to name and shame the Chinese government over mass atrocities perpetrated against the Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities, and, if so, how? It uses a pragmatic approach to consider the ethical concerns that stem from this practice being used in this specific case. It draws links between the role that image and status play in two literatures: naming and shaming and China. It argues that the Chinese government's prioritization of image and status acts as a double-edged sword when it comes to naming and shaming as it could (1) fuel a backlash or (2) have a positive influence, especially in status-sensitive time periods. While questioning the overall effectiveness of this strategy in relation to China, it argues that a culmination of factors in the lead up to the 2022 Beijing Olympics creates a window of opportunity for naming and shaming to have a positive impact. It offers normative recommendations to shed light on how this practice should be done. At a broader level, the article makes three contributions to the literature on naming and shaming and pragmatist ethics.
A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analysis of the Serpin Superfamily
Authors: Spence Matthew A , Mortimer Matthew D , Buckle Ashley M , Minh Bui Quang , Jackson Colin J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are found in all kingdoms of life and play essential roles in multiple physiological processes. Owing to the diversity of the superfamily, phylogenetic analysis is challenging and prokaryotic serpins have been speculated to have been acquired from Metazoa through horizontal gene transfer due to their unexpectedly high homology. Here, we have leveraged a structural alignment of diverse serpins to generate a comprehensive 6,000-sequence phylogeny that encompasses serpins from all kingdoms of life. We show that in addition to a central “hub” of highly conserved serpins, there has been extensive diversification of the superfamily into many novel functional clades. Our analysis indicates that the hub proteins are ancient and are similar because of convergent evolution, rather than the alternative hypothesis of horizontal gene transfer. This work clarifies longstanding questions in the evolution of serpins and provides new directions for research in the field of serpin biology.
Stereotactic Electroencephalography Is Associated With Reduced Pain and Opioid Use When Compared with Subdural Grids: A Case Series
Authors: Scoville Jonathan P , Joyce Evan , Hunsaker Joshua , Reese Jared , Wilde Herschel , Arain Amir , Bollo Robert L , Rolston John D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been shown to decrease length of hospital stay and opioid use.

OBJECTIVE
To identify whether surgery for epilepsy mapping via MIS stereotactically placed electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes decreased overall opioid use when compared with craniotomy for EEG grid placement (ECoG).

METHODS
Patients who underwent surgery for epilepsy mapping, either SEEG or ECoG, were identified through retrospective chart review from 2015 through 2018. The hospital stay was separated into specific time periods to distinguish opioid use immediately postoperatively, throughout the rest of the stay and at discharge. The total amount of opioids consumed during each period was calculated by transforming all types of opioids into their morphine equivalents (ME). Pain scores were also collected using a modification of the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment (CAPA) scale. The 2 surgical groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests.

RESULTS
The study identified 43 patients who met the inclusion criteria: 36 underwent SEEG placement and 17 underwent craniotomy grid placement. There was a statistically significant difference in median opioid consumption per hospital stay between the ECoG and the SEEG placement groups, 307.8 vs 71.5 ME, respectively (P = .0011). There was also a significant difference in CAPA scales between the 2 groups (P = .0117).

CONCLUSION
Opioid use is significantly lower in patients who undergo MIS epilepsy mapping via SEEG compared with those who undergo the more invasive ECoG procedure. As part of efforts to decrease the overall opioid burden, these results should be considered by patients and surgeons when deciding on surgical methods.
Double-Stage Complete Removal of Dumbbell-Shaped Trigeminal Schwannoma: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Campero Alvaro , Baldoncini Matías , Román Guillermo , Villalonga Juan F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Intracranial trigeminal schwannomas are rare tumors.
1-4
The aim of this 3-dimensional operative video is to present a double stage complete removal of a dumbbell-shaped trigeminal schwannoma.
This is a 25-yr-old male with headaches, diplopia, and facial pain. The MRI shows a big tumor located at the level of the cerebellopontine angle, petroclival region, and middle fossa. Because of the size of the tumor and its growth within the cerebellopontine angle, we decided to operate the patient in two stages. For the first surgery, the patient was in a semi-sitting position, and a retrosigmoid approach was performed. The second surgery was performed 2 mo after the first operation in a supine position for a pretemporal transzygomatic approach. The pathological study was reported as a schwannoma, and the histological findings were spindle cell lesion with a storiform pattern and histiocytes.
The patient evolved without neurological deficit after the surgeries, and the postoperative MRI shows a complete resection of the tumor.
The patient gave the consent to use the images and surgical video.
Preoperative imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and surgical planning.
3-6
For these cases of trigeminal schwannomas with a large extension in the posterior fossa and middle fossa, we believe that the most prudent thing is to perform the surgery in 2 stages.
3
Punching the Clock
Authors: Ungemah Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Punching the Clock takes the best of psychological science to explore whether humans will effectively adapt to the gig economy and the Future of Work. Although the world of work is changing at unprecedented speed, the drives and needs of workers have not. Technology in the form of artificial intelligence and robotic process automation continues to transform jobs, taking away routine tasks from workers, both cognitive and physical alike. Work is broken down into smaller and smaller packets that can be seamlessly reintegrated into broader work products. Workers no longer need to be full-time employees or even reside on the same continent. Rather, tenuous relationships with contractors, freelancers, volunteers, or other third parties have become the norm, using talent platforms to find and complete work. Yet, inside the minds of workers, the needs and biases that govern behavior continue as if nothing has happened. Like any other social environment, workplaces key into deep psychological processes that have developed over millennia and dictate with whom and how workers interact. Psychologists working across disciplines have amassed a great deal of insight about the human psyche but have not always been adept at articulating the practical implications of this insight, let alone how the human psyche will likely react to the gig economy. This book fills this void in knowledge by explaining what is really going on in the minds of coworkers, bringing this to life with a few surprising stories from the real world. Unlike the external world, the human psyche is a relative constant, which raises questions about just how much of the Future of Work can be realized without breaking down the social fabric of the workplace.
Confidence
Authors: Ungemah Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter retells the story of Captain Chesley Sullenberger who successfully crash-landed US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson, demonstrating how confidence, skill, and composure can lead to amazing results. This is contrasted to the follies of Nick Leeson who single-handedly broke Barings Bank (the oldest merchant bank) through a combination of greed and fear, demonstrating what happens when confidence outpaces true capability. The chapter is rounded out by a recent study about final salary arbitrations in Major League Baseball, highlighting how confidence, individual capability, and ego-threat interact to predict who chokes under pressure both in and out of the workplace. Those who have the most to lose tend to fall the hardest.
The Music in Berlin: Musical Networks
Authors: Alexander Phil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter is a detailed discussion of the sophisticated network relations at play in Berlin’s klezmer and Yiddish music scene. Drawing on the work of Howard Becker and Mark Granovetter, it lays out the connections that bring different musicians together, including an analysis of important network hubs and significant weak ties that enable creative links across different musical and social territories. The historical context for these networks is also discussed in detail, including the earlier roles of venues, organizations, and personalities in uniting musicians, audiences, and enthusiasts. The second half of the chapter then offers a detailed breakdown of current musical styles, positing four overlapping stylistic (and in some senses social) categories that help the reader to navigate different expressions and groupings of Berlin klezmer: pioneers, modernists, fantasists, and transformers. Each one of the taxonomies is analyzed in terms of musical approach, repertoire, and relation to other groups. These are enriched in each case by a wealth of ethnographic detail, thick descriptions of particular performances (including the author’s own reactions and responses), and informative musical examples and transcriptions. The chapter concludes by placing the city of Berlin’s klezmer musical networks within the wider international scene of which they are a distinct but related part.
Nonphysical Abuse and Coercive Control
Authors: Douglas Heather 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores women’s experiences of nonphysical forms of abuse. Most women reported that the most difficult form of abuse they dealt with was nonphysical abuse, especially emotional abuse. Many women stated that nonphysical abuse deeply impacted on their sense of self and freedom and that it continued to affect them years after they separated from an abusive partner. Other forms of nonphysical abuse that the women highlighted included abusive tactics targeting their role as a mother, isolation within the relationship, and financial abuse. This chapter also considers the particular impacts of nonphysical abuse, including isolation, financial abuse, and threats about their visas, for women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, especially those with insecure visa status.
The Setting
Authors: Eden Jeff 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes how in the 1920s to 1930s, the Soviet state attempted to eradicate religion by targeting the most visible forms of devotional life. Tens of thousands of religious elites were arrested and executed; holy objects were seized; and churches, mosques, and synagogues were converted into granaries, warehouses, and museums of “Marxist-Leninist Scientific Atheism.” Meanwhile, Soviet populations were inundated with anti-religious propaganda, as local branches of the state-backed League of Militant Atheists proliferated. The chapter goes on to show how in the war years, however, religious repression ceased. The arrest and execution of religious figures was almost entirely curtailed. A pivotal moment came in 1943, when Stalin invited three Metropolitans of the Russian Orthodox Church to a late-night meeting in Moscow and offered them a “new deal,” allowing for unprecedented religious freedoms.
Conclusion
Authors: Eden Jeff 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This concluding chapter reviews the two stories told in the book about Soviet Muslims in the Second World War: one about the devotional life of Muslim citizens, including soldiers, their families on the home front, and local religious leaders; the other about state dynamics. Regarding the effectiveness of Soviet religious propaganda during the Second World War, it offers summary thoughts connecting the resurgence of devotional life in wartime, the widespread perception that religiosity was now permitted by the state, and the state’s ambiguous, ineffectual approach to shaping religious policy. The chapter then places the book in the context of other studies of Islam in the Soviet Union.
Partisanship, Territorialism, and Transregional Networks of Belonging
Authors: Quadri Junaid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 sketches the historical and transregional context of the project, examining two acrimonious episodes local to twentieth-century Egypt to lay bare the ever-present background contexts of Muslim history and the greater Muslim world. Paying close attention to the social and political developments that dominated Egyptian intellectual life at the turn of the century, I examine two exchanges between Bakhīt and Rashīd Riḍā to lay out the terrain of partisanship and territorialism that so heavily structured Cairo’s intellectual scene in the early twentieth century. As a result of what Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen has termed the “Salafi Press,” the previous monopoly on Islamic interpretation held by the Azharī ulama began to loosen, and the latter began to sense their authority being threatened. These resulted in bitter polemics but also, I argue, a substantial reconfiguration of the intellectual landscape simply by virtue of the indefatigable onslaught of the Modernists, especially Riḍā. This state of affairs motivated the ulama to draw on resources that exceeded their specific context both historically and geographically, resulting in a certain rearrangement of authority that relied on older structural features of the madhhab to create new networks of belonging and allegiance.
Authority, Ijtihād, and Temporality
Authors: Quadri Junaid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 traces changes in Ḥanafī conceptions of history by examining the manner in which authority is conceptualized within the school by both colonial-era writers and their predecessors. It locates self-representations of the school’s history as embedded within formal hierarchies of the relative standing (and authoritativeness) of Ḥanafī jurists. By examining Bakhīt’s ranking of Ḥanafī jurists, I reveal his refashioning of ijtihād within the school and its implications for a new conception of legal authority mirrored in Reformism’s insistence on an increasingly democratized and direct access to the primary texts of the Qurʾan and sunna, unmediated by the historical corpus of the fiqh tradition. I argue that this reworking of authority structures, in turn, relies on a new temporality, moving from one which sees ulama-subjects as inheritors of a tradition expressed through a continuous and organic history to one which displays a “historical consciousness,” privileging the Prophetic generation so as to be able to downgrade the “accretions” of the medieval interlude.
Conclusion
Authors: Quadri Junaid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Conclusion considers the Egyptian intellectual landscape from the perspective of the last Shaykh al-Islām of the Ottoman Empire, Muṣṭafā Ṣabrī. Upon his exile from Istanbul, Ṣabrī spent a short time living in Egypt, concluding that the country had become thoroughly Europeanized. Relying especially on the theological question of free will and predestination, Sabri argued that Egyptian writers’ inclination toward a free will position was an indicator of European dominance. European thinkers had indeed criticized Muslims for being too deterministic in their evaluation of the question; the remainder of the Conclusion examines Egyptian responses to these critiques. Among them was a lecture given by Muḥammad Bakhīt which stressed human agency in the world, an analysis of which once more lays bare Bakhīt’s domestic rivalry with Reformist figures, his reliance on the transregional “social madhhab” in crafting modern solutions, his mode of responding to the challenges posed by colonialism, and his subjection of Ḥanafī tradition to transformation.
Bicultural Identity Integration
Authors: Benet-Martínez Verónica , Lee Fiona , Cheng Chi-Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors examine the social-personality processes underlying multiculturalism and multicultural identity and the cultural and societal factors that influence these phenomena. They focus the discussion on bicultural identity integration (BII), an individual difference construct describing the extent to which a bicultural individual experiences her two cultural identities as compatible and integrated versus oppositional and compartmentalized. Drawing from the literatures of acculturation, social-personality and cultural psychologies, and interculturalism studies, the authors review research on the antecedents and outcomes associated with BII. While there is extensive evidence showing that BII is psychologically consequential, and also an important moderator of how multicultural individuals respond to different kinds of cultural information and demands, there remains pressing needs to understand the developmental trajectories that influence BII, the role of macro societal and historical factors in how BII changes, and how BII can be used to understand multiculturalism in social collectives.