bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the International Monitoring System Seismic Network Based on Ambient Seismic Noise Measurements
Authors: Gaebler Peter J. , Ceranna Lars 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAll nuclear explosions are banned by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. In the context of the treaty a verification regime was put into place to detect, locate, and characterize nuclear explosions at any time, by anyone and everywhere on the Earth. The International Monitoring System, which plays a key role in the verification regime, was set up by the Preparatory Commission of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. Out of the several different monitoring techniques applied in the International Monitoring System the seismic waveform approach is the most effective and reliable technology for monitoring nuclear explosions underground. This study introduces a deterministic method of threshold monitoring that allows to asses a lower body wave magnitude limit of a potential seismic event in a certain geographical region, that can be detected by those seismic stations being part of the International Monitoring System network. The method is based on measurements of ambient seismic noise levels at the individual seismic stations along with global distance corrections terms for the body wave magnitude. The results suggest that an average global detection capability of approximately body wave magnitude 4.0 can be achieved using only stations from the primary seismic network of the International Monitoring System. The incorporation of seismic stations from the auxiliary seismic network leads to a slight improvement of the detection capability, while the use and analysis of wave arrivals from distances greater than 120$$^\circ$$∘results in a significant improvement of the detection capability. Temporal variations in terms of hourly and monthly changes of the global detection capability can not be observed. Overall, comparisons between detection capability and manually retrieved body wave magnitudes from the Reviewed Event Bulletin suggest, that our method yields a more conservative estimation of the detection capability and that in reality detection thresholds might be even lower than estimated.
Associations of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with complications and comorbidities in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Słomiński Bartosz , Skrzypkowska Maria , Ryba-Stanisławowska Monika , Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Trzonkowski Piotr 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Wild-type TP53 plays an important role in the regulation of immune response and systemic inflammation. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), TP53 pathways are upregulated and an increased susceptibility to apoptosis is observed. We hypothesize that TP53 codon 72 polymorphism could be associated with complications and comorbidities in patients with T1D. We have investigated the associations of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with the T1D complications and comorbidities (retinopathy, nephropathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, and celiac disease) in 350 patients. The key results of our approach are as follows: (1) In diabetic subjects, the Pro/Pro genotype is associated with an increased risk of microvascular complications, dyslipidemia, and celiac disease; (2) the Arg/Arg variant is associated with a decreased risk of autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease; (3) the Pro allele is associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, and celiac disease. Although further studies are required, our results for the first time indicate that the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism could be considered a genetic marker to predict the increased susceptibility to some T1D complications and comorbidities.

Key messages

We analyzed the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism in patients with T1D.

Pro/Pro genotype is associated with an increased risk of microvascular complications, dyslipidemia, and celiac disease.

The Arg/Arg variant is associated with a decreased risk of autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease.

The Pro allele is associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, and celiac disease.
Chronic senescent human mesenchymal stem cells as possible contributor to the wound healing disorder after exposure to the alkylating agent sulfur mustard
Authors: Rothmiller Simone , Jäger Niklas , Meier Nicole , Meyer Thimo , Neu Adrian , Steinritz Dirk , Thiermann Horst , Scherer Michael , Rummel Christoph , Mangerich Aswin , Bürkle Alexander , Schmidt Annette 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWound healing is a complex process, and disturbance of even a single mechanism can result in chronic ulcers developing after exposure to the alkylating agent sulfur mustard (SM). A possible contributor may be SM-induced chronic senescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), unable to fulfil their regenerative role, by persisting over long time periods and creating a proinflammatory microenvironment. Here we show that senescence induction in human bone marrow derived MSCs was time- and concentration-dependent, and chronic senescence could be verified 3 weeks after exposure to between 10 and 40 µM SM. Morphological changes, reduced clonogenic and migration potential, longer scratch closure times, differences in senescence, motility and DNA damage response associated genes as well as increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines were revealed. Selective removal of these cells by senolytic drugs, in which ABT-263 showed initial potential in vitro, opens the possibility for an innovative treatment strategy for chronic wounds, but also tumors and age-related diseases.
Effect of Temporal and Spatial Smoothing on Speckle–Tracking-Derived Strain in Neonates
Authors: Khan Umael , Omdal Tom R. , Greve Gottfried , Grong Ketil , Matre Knut 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClinical application of strain in neonates requires an understanding of which image acquisition and processing parameters affect strain values. Previous studies have examined frame rate, transmitting frequency, and vendor heterogeneity. However, there is a lack of human studies on how user-regulated spatial and temporal smoothing affect strain values in 36 neonates. This study examined nine different combinations of spatial and temporal smoothing on peak systolic left ventricular longitudinal strain in 36 healthy neonates. Strain values were acquired from four-chamber echocardiographic images in the software-defined epicardial, midwall, and endocardial layers in the six standard segments and average four-chamber stain. Strain values were compared using repeated measure ANOVAs. Overall, spatial smoothing had a larger impact than temporal smoothing, and segmental strain values were more sensitive to smoothing settings than average four-chamber strain. Apicoseptal strain decreased by approximately 4% with increasing spatial smoothing, corresponding to a 13–19% proportional change (depending on wall layer). Therefore, we recommend clinicians be mindful of smoothing settings when assessing segmental strain values.
Computing nearest neighbour interchange distances between ranked phylogenetic trees
Authors: Collienne Lena , Gavryushkin Alex 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany popular algorithms for searching the space of leaf-labelled (phylogenetic) trees are based on tree rearrangement operations. Under any such operation, the problem is reduced to searching a graph where vertices are trees and (undirected) edges are given by pairs of trees connected by one rearrangement operation (sometimes called a move). Most popular are the classical nearest neighbour interchange, subtree prune and regraft, and tree bisection and reconnection moves. The problem of computing distances, however, is$${\mathbf {N}}{\mathbf {P}}$$NP-hard in each of these graphs, making tree inference and comparison algorithms challenging to design in practice. Although ranked phylogenetic trees are one of the central objects of interest in applications such as cancer research, immunology, and epidemiology, the computational complexity of the shortest path problem for these trees remained unsolved for decades. In this paper, we settle this problem for the ranked nearest neighbour interchange operation by establishing that the complexity depends on the weight difference between the two types of tree rearrangements (rank moves and edge moves), and varies from quadratic, which is the lowest possible complexity for this problem, to$${\mathbf {N}}{\mathbf {P}}$$NP-hard, which is the highest. In particular, our result provides the first example of a phylogenetic tree rearrangement operation for which shortest paths, and hence the distance, can be computed efficiently. Specifically, our algorithm scales to trees with tens of thousands of leaves (and likely hundreds of thousands if implemented efficiently).
Chiari I malformation with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Snee Isabel A. , Mazzola Catherine A. , Sikorskyj Tatiana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a rare case of an 8-year-old male with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) and a Chiari I malformation (CIM). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate facial asymmetry and speech delay at age two revealed CIM with cerebellar tonsils 1.3 cm below the foramen magnum without syringomyelia. The patient underwent a craniectomy and posterior fossa decompression with C1 laminectomy. While gene sequencing determined the patient was negative for the PIK3CA gene mutation, the patient’s clinical history strongly suggests KTS. He has hemihypertrophy, leg length discrepancy, hemangiomas and pigmentary mosaicism along the upper and lower extremities, heart murmur, chronic low heart rate, recurrent hip pain, and mild scoliosis. Neurodevelopmental concerns include difficulty reading, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and difficulty running and going downstairs. His most recent MRI shows good decompression at the cervicomedullary junction, global cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, and less peg-like cerebellar tonsils. Also noted were two intravertebral hemangiomas at T5 and T6. While the patient’s speech has improved, there is still difficulty with the expressive language. He still has mild delays, runs slowly, and does not alternate feet when climbing stairs. The patient is being followed by multiple specialists including neurology, hematology-oncology, genetics, orthopedic surgery, and developmental pediatrics.
Therapeutic strategies for stricturing Crohn’s disease in childhood: a systematic review
Authors: Neville Jonathan J. , Macdonald Alexander , Fell John , Choudhry Muhammad , Haddad Munther 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Childhood stricturing Crohn’s disease (CD) has significant morbidity. Interventions including resection, stricturoplasty and endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) are often required. Optimal intervention modality and timing, and use of adjuvant medical therapies, remains unclear. We aim to review the therapies used in paediatric stricturing CD.

Methods
A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA was performed (PROSPERO: CRD42020164464). Demographics, stricture features, interventions and outcomes were extracted.

Results
Fourteen studies were selected, including 177 patients (183 strictures). Strictures presented at 40.6 months (range 14–108) following CD diagnosis. Medical therapy was used in 142 patients for an average of 20.4 months (2–36), with a complete response in 11 (8%). Interventions were undertaken in 138 patients: 53 (38%) resections, 39 (28%) stricturoplasties, and 17 (12%) EBD. Complications occurred in 11% of resections, versus 15% stricturoplasties, versus 6% EBD (p = 0.223). At a median follow-up of 1.9 years (interquartile range 1.2–2.4) pooled stricture recurrence was 22%. Resection had 9% recurrence, versus 38% stricturoplasty, versus 47% EBD (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Resection is associated with a low incidence of recurrence and complications. There remains a paucity of evidence regarding adjuvant medical therapy and the role of EBD. We propose a minimum reported dataset for interventions in paediatric stricturing CD.
The influence of K-wire transfixation on proximalization of the first metacarpal after resection suspension interposition arthroplasty
Authors: Fritz Niklas M. , Ludolph Ingo , Arkudas Andreas , Horch Raymund E. , Cai Aijia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint is a common degenerative disease and surgical treatment includes resection suspension interposition arthroplasty (RSIA) with or without temporary transfixation of the first metacarpal. One major drawback includes proximalization of the first metacarpal during the postoperative course. Specific data comparing different transfixation techniques in this context is sparse.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, we measured the trapezial space ratio (TSR) in 53 hands before and after RSIA to determine the proximalization of the first metacarpal depending on the type of Kirschner (K)-wire transfixation. We, therefore, compared transfixation of the first metacarpal to the scaphoid with one K-wire (1K) to transfixation of the first metacarpal with two K-wires (2K), either to the carpus (2Ka), or to the second metacarpal (2Kb), or to both second metacarpal and carpus (2Kc).

Results
While preoperative TSR did not differ between group 1K and 2K (p = 0.507), postoperative TSR was significantly higher in group 2K compared to 1K (p = 0.003). Comparing subgroups, postoperative TSR was significantly higher in group 2Kc than 1K (p = 0.046), while we found no significant difference comparing either group 2Ka or 2Kb to 1K (p = 0.098; p = 0.159). Neither did we find a significant difference within 2K subgroups, comparing group 2Ka and 2Kb (p = 0.834), 2Ka and 2Kc (p = 0.615), or 2Kb and 2Kc (p = 0.555).

Conclusions
The results of our study suggest that transfixation with two K-wires should be preferred to transfixation with one K-wire after RSIA. Specifically, transfixation from first to second metacarpal and from first metacarpal to carpus resulted in least proximalization of the first metacarpal postoperatively.
Protease profile of normal and neoplastic mast cells in the human bone marrow with special emphasis on systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Atiakshin Dmitri , Buchwalow Igor , Horny Peter , Tiemann Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMast cells (MC) are immune cells that produce a variety of mediators, such as proteases, that are important in the body’s immune responses. MC proteases have pronounced multifunctionality and in many respects determine the biological characteristics of the organ-specific MC population. Although, increased numbers of MC are one of the objective mastocytosis signs, a detailed assessment of the proteases biogenesis and excretion mechanisms in the bone marrow (BM) has not yet been carried out. Here, we performed an analysis of the expression of proteases in patients with various forms of systemic mastocytosis. We presented data on intracellular protease co-localization in human BM MCs and discussed their implication in secretory pathways of MCs in the development of the disease. Systemic mastocytosis, depending on the course, is featured by the formation of definite profiles of specific proteases in various forms of atypical mast cells. Intragranular accumulation of tryptase, chymase and carboxypeptidases in the hypochromic phenotype of atypical mast cells is characterized. Characterization of MC proteases expression during mastocytosis can be used to refine the MC classification, help in a prognosis, and increase the effectiveness of targeted therapy.
Odor response adaptation in Drosophila—a continuous individualization process
Authors: Jafari Shadi , Alenius Mattias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOlfactory perception is very individualized in humans and also inDrosophila. The process that individualize olfaction is adaptation that across multiple time scales and mechanisms shape perception and olfactory-guided behaviors. Olfactory adaptation occurs both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Central adaptation occurs at the level of the circuits that process olfactory inputs from the periphery where it can integrate inputs from other senses, metabolic states, and stress. We will here focus on the periphery and how the fast, slow, and persistent (lifelong) adaptation mechanisms in the olfactory sensory neurons individualize theDrosophilaolfactory system.
Spine surgery in pregnant women: a multicenter case series and proposition of treatment algorithm
Authors: Butenschoen Vicki M. , Hitscherich Hanna , Eicker Sven O. , Lobmaier Silvia M. , Rösler Judith , Bretschneider Martin , Kirschke Jan S. , Vajkoczy Peter , Kögl Nikolaus , Constanthin Paul , Thome Claudius , Tessitore Enrico , Meyer Bernhard , Wostrack Maria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Spinal diseases requiring urgent surgical treatment are rare during pregnancy. Evidence is sparse and data are only available in the form of case reports. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive guide for spinal surgery on pregnant patients and highlight diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Methods
The study included a cohort of consecutive pregnant patients who underwent spinal surgery at five high-volume neurosurgical centers between 2010 and 2017. Perioperative and perinatal clinical data were derived from medical records.

Results
Twenty-four pregnant patients were included. Three underwent a preoperative cesarean section. Twenty-one patients underwent surgery during pregnancy. Median maternal age was 33 years, and median gestational age was 13 completed weeks. Indications were: lumbar disk prolapse (n = 14; including cauda equina, severe motor deficits or acute pain), unstable spine injuries (n = 4); intramedullary tumor with paraparesis (n = 1), infection (n = 1) and Schwann cell nerve root tumor presenting with high-grade paresis (n = 1). Two patients suffered transient gestational diabetes and 1 patient presented with vaginal bleeding without any signs of fetal complications. No miscarriages, stillbirths, or severe obstetric complications occurred until delivery. All patients improved neurologically after the surgery.

Conclusion
Spinal surgical procedures during pregnancy seem to be safe. The indication for surgery has to be very strict and surgical procedures during pregnancy should be reserved for emergency cases. For pregnant patients, the surgical strategy should be individually tailored to the mother and the fetus.
Impact of acetylsalicylic acid in patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery – should the neurosurgeon really worry about it?
Authors: Rashidi Ali , Lilla Nadine , Skalej Martin , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Luchtmann Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere has been an increase in the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, Aspirin®) among patients with stroke and heart disease as well as in aging populations as a means of primary prevention. The potentially life-threatening consequences of a postoperative hemorrhagic complication after neurosurgical operative procedures are well known. In the present study, we evaluate the risk of continued ASA use as it relates to postoperative hemorrhage and cardiopulmonary complications in patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery. We retrospectively analyzed 200 consecutive clipping procedures performed between 2008 and 2018. Two different statistical models were applied. The first model consisted of two groups: (1) group with No ASA impact - patients who either did not use ASA at all as well as those who had stopped their use of the ASA medication in time (> = 7 days prior to operation); (2) group with ASA impact - all patients whose ASA use was not stopped in time. The second model consisted of three groups: (1) No ASA use; (2) Stopped ASA use (> = 7 days prior to operation); (3) Continued ASA use (did not stop or did not stop in time, <7 days prior to operation). Data collection included demographic information, surgical parameters, aneurysm characteristics, and all hemorrhagic/thromboembolic complications. A postoperative hemorrhage was defined as relevant if a consecutive operation for hematoma removal was necessary. An ASA effect has been assumed in 32 out of 200 performed operations. A postoperative hemorrhage occurred in one out these 32 patients (3.1%). A postoperative hemorrhage in patients without ASA impact was detected and treated in 5 out of 168 patients (3.0%). The difference was statistically not significant in either model (ASA impact group vs. No ASA impact group: OR = 1.0516 [0.1187; 9.3132], p = 1.000; RR = 1.0015 [0.9360; 1.0716]). Cardiopulmonary complications were significantly more frequent in the group with ASA impact than in the group without ASA impact (p = 0.030). In this study continued ASA use was not associated with an increased risk of a postoperative hemorrhage. However, cardiopulmonary complications were significantly more frequent in the ASA impact group than in the No ASA impact group. Thus, ASA might relatively safely be continued in patients with increased cardiovascular risk and cases of emergency cerebrovascular surgery.
Plant defense responses triggered by phytoseiid predatory mites (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) are species-specific, depend on plant genotype and may not be related to direct plant feeding
Authors: Cruz-Miralles Joaquín , Cabedo-López Marc , Guzzo Michela , Pérez-Hedo Meritxell , Flors Víctor , Jaques Josep A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractZoophytophagous arthropods can elicit plant defense responses affecting potential prey beyond predation. Phytophagy prevails as the main trigger for these responses, as in the case of Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), a predator occurring in citrus. Because other triggers cannot be excluded, our aim was to examine whether other phytoseiids co-occurring with E. stipulatus but not engaged in plant feeding [Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot] could induce similar responses (in terms of herbivore induced plant volatiles, HIPVs, and main defensive pathways), and how these affected the behavior of conspecifics and the shared prey, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae). N. californicus triggered plant genotype-specific defense responses, including the production of different HIPVs compared to clean plants. However, we could not observe these effects for P. persimilis. T. urticae avoided better protected plants, because of stronger direct or indirect defense. As plants with weaker direct defense levels should offer higher prey densities, and those harboring conspecific predators represent higher risk of cannibalism, predators were expected to behave similarly. However, they did not. Our results demonstrate that plant defense triggered by phytoseiids is species-specific, depend on plant genotype and can be triggered by non-feeding activities. As N. californicus is a highly efficient predator used worldwide, further studies with this species are needed. Likewise, cineol, one of the volatiles identified in the blends triggered by this phytoseiid, could be used to manipulate the prey. These studies could pave the way for a more efficient use of phytoseiids in agroecosystems.