bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection control in the home: a qualitative study exploring perceptions and experiences of adhering to protective behaviours in the home during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Morton Katherine , Towler Lauren , Groot Julia , Miller Sascha , Ainsworth Ben , Denison-Day James , Rice Cathy , Bostock Jennifer , Willcox Merlin , Little Paul , Yardley Lucy 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesWe sought to explore people’s experiences and perceptions of implementing infection control behaviours in the home during the COVID-19 pandemic, guided by an online behavioural intervention.DesignInductive qualitative study.SettingUK public during the COVID-19 pandemic.ParticipantsThirteen people took part in telephone interviews, and 124 completed a qualitative open-text survey. All were recruited from the public. Most survey participants were aged over 60 years, while interview participants were more distributed in age. Most reported being at increased risk from COVID-19, and were white British.InterventionOnline behavioural intervention to support infection control behaviours in the home during the COVID-19 pandemic.Data collectionTelephone think-aloud interviews and qualitative survey data.Data analysisThe think-aloud interview data and qualitative survey data were analysed independently using inductive thematic analysis. The findings were subsequently triangulated.ResultsThematic analysis of the telephone interviews generated seven themes: perceived risk; belief in the effectiveness of protective behaviours; acceptability of distancing and isolation; having capacity to perform the behaviours; habit forming reduces effort; having the confidence to perform the behaviours; and social norms affect motivation to engage in the behaviours. The themes identified from the survey data mapped well onto the interview analysis. Isolating and social distancing at home were less acceptable than cleaning and handwashing, influenced by the need for intimacy with household members. This was especially true in the absence of symptoms and when perceived risk was low. People felt more empowered when they understood that even small changes, such as spendingsometime apart, were worthwhile to reduce exposure and lessen viral load.ConclusionsThe current study provided valuable insight into the acceptability and feasibility of protective behaviours, and how public health guidance could be incorporated into a behaviour change intervention for the public during a pandemic.
Pain relief with elastic therapeutic taping
Authors: Gupta Ekta , Lee Courtland , Ng Amy , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: December 2021

Background and purposeChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) occurs in 19%–85% of patients undergoing cancer treatment. Due to the high symptom burden, specifically pain in the soles of feet, we explore the role of elastic therapeutic (ET) taping for treatment of CIPN.Case descriptionWe report two cases of patients with CIPN-induced foot pain while admitted to the hospital. Their background information, including chemotherapy history, treatments trialed and effects of ET on their pain, is discussed. Each patient underwent ET using the epidermis, dermis, fascia technique for CIPN. An occupational therapist applied ET to the plantar surface of both feet to the ankle with 0% stretch on the tape for 24–96 hours. We also showed the effect of symptom improvement in their individualized rehabilitation session following application of ET.OutcomesPain score, verbally documented by 10 point numerical pain rating scale, decreased by >50% in both patients within 24 hours of application. This reflects a substantial improvement in pain with the intervention of ET. This allowed for improved tolerance in engaging in functional mobility, with improvement in distances ambulated.DiscussionET taping of the distal leg and foot showed pain improvement for these two patients. Our findings suggest that a clinical trial aimed at better characterising the role of ET in these patients is justified.
Influence of renal impairment on clinical outcomes after endovascular recanalization in vertebrobasilar artery occlusions
Authors: Xiao Lulu , Gu Mengmeng , Lu Yijiu , Xu Pengfei , Wang Jinjing , Lan Wenya , Huang Yong , Xu Guoqiang , Zhu Shuanggen , Wang Qizhang , Hu Wei , Zhu Wusheng , Sun Wen , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundRenal impairment (RI) is associated with worse outcomes in the treatment of intravenous thrombolysis and emergent endovascular treatment (EVT) in anterior circulation stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of RI with short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusions (VBAO) who received EVT.MethodsConsecutive patients with VBAO receiving EVT involving 21 stroke centers were retrospectively included. Multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of RI with mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) during the hospital stay, and also mortality, favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3), and functional improvement (shift in mRS score) at 3 months and 1 year follow-up. The association between RI and the risk of recurrent stroke was evaluated with multivariate competing-risk regression analyses.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, RI was independently associated with sICH (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 7.18), as well as mortality (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.38; OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.72 to 8.08), favorable functional outcome (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.66; OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.51), and functional improvement (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.74; OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.60) at 3 months and 1 year follow-up, respectively, but RI was not associated with in-hospital mortality. Additionally, there was no significant association between RI and recurrent stroke within 1 year.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that RI is associated with a higher risk of sICH in hospital and a decrease in survival, favorable functional outcome, and functional improvement at 90 days and 1 year follow-up.Trial registration numberURL:http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000033211.
Efficacy of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Mononuclear Cell Transplantation for MSA Treatment and Its Effects on Changes in T-Cell Subsets in Peripheral Blood and Inflammatory Factors
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Yuan Xiaoling , Zhao Min , Wang Weifei , Gong Dianrong 
Published: December 2021

Objective. This study is aimed at examining the efficacy of human umbilical cord blood-mononuclear cell (hUCB-MNCs) transplantation through lateral atlanto-occipital space puncture in multiple system atrophy (MSA) treatment and investigating changes in T-cell subsets in peripheral blood and inflammatory factors in patients before and after treatment. Methods. A total of 20 patients with MSA who underwent hUCB-MNC transplantation through lateral atlanto-occipital space puncture in the Liaocheng People’s Hospital were enrolled. Patients were followed up at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment, and the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) scores, TNF-α in the peripheral blood, IL-6, percentage of CD4, and CD4/CD8 ratio were evaluated and compared for each follow-up point; any adverse effects were recorded. Results. UMSARS Part I scores were

20.55
±
3.80

,

19.20
±
3.78

, and

19.40
±
4.11

, 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively, after treatment and were significantly lower as compared to that before treatment (

23.50
±
4.72

;

P
<
0.05

). Similarly, UMSARS Part II scores 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were

25.50
±
5.01

,

24.05
±
5.01

, and

24.25
±
5.05

, respectively, significantly lower as compared to that before treatment (

30.15
±
5.63

;

P
<
0.05

). The IL-6 values in the peripheral blood 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were

5.25
±
2.70

pg
/
m

,

2.96
±
1.75

pg
/
m

, and

3.31
±
1.62

pg
/
m

, respectively, which were significantly lower (

P
<
0.05

) than that before treatment (

8.22
±
4.69

) pg/m. The TNF-α levels at 3 and 6 months after treatment were

13.08
±
6.13

pg
/
m

and

12.24
±
4.76

pg
/
m

, respectively, which were significantly lower than that before treatment (

22.99
±
13.30

;

P
<
0.01

). The CD4/CD8 ratios in the peripheral blood 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were

1.09
±
0.25

,

1.30
±
0.24

, and

1.43
±
0.22

, respectively, which were significantly different than that before treatment (

0.81
±
0.24

,

P
<
0.01

). Similarly, the CD4 percentages 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were

34.09
±
1.79

,

36.05
±
1.50

, and

36.47
±
1.47

, respectively, which were significantly different than that before treatment (

0.81
±
0.24

;

P
<
0.01

). Conclusion. hUCB-MNC transplantation through lateral atlanto-occipital space puncture could significantly improve the symptoms and signs in patients with MSA and delay the disease progression. Thus, hUCB-MNCs may modulate immune activity and reduce the inflammatory response.
Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K Promotes Proliferation and Confers Sensitivity to Antiretroviral Drugs in Merlin-Negative Schwannoma and Meningioma
Authors: Maze Emmanuel A. , Agit Bora , Reeves Shona , Hilton David A. , Parkinson David B. , Laraba Liyam , Ercolano Emanuela , Kurian Kathreena M. , Hanemann C. Oliver , Belshaw Robert D. , Ammoun Sylwia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Deficiency of the tumor suppressor Merlin causes development of schwannoma, meningioma, and ependymoma tumors, which can occur spontaneously or in the hereditary disease neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Merlin mutations are also relevant in a variety of other tumors. Surgery and radiotherapy are current first-line treatments; however, tumors frequently recur with limited treatment options. Here, we use human Merlin-negative schwannoma and meningioma primary cells to investigate the involvement of the endogenous retrovirus HERV-K in tumor development. HERV-K proteins previously implicated in tumorigenesis were overexpressed in schwannoma and all meningioma grades, and disease-associated CRL4DCAF1 and YAP/TEAD pathways were implicated in this overexpression. In normal Schwann cells, ectopic overexpression of HERV-K Env increased proliferation and upregulated expression of c-Jun and pERK1/2, which are key components of known tumorigenic pathways in schwannoma, JNK/c-Jun, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK. Furthermore, FDA-approved retroviral protease inhibitors ritonavir, atazanavir, and lopinavir reduced proliferation of schwannoma and grade I meningioma cells. These results identify HERV-K as a critical regulator of progression in Merlin-deficient tumors and offer potential strategies for therapeutic intervention.

Significance:
The endogenous retrovirus HERV-K activates oncogenic signaling pathways and promotes proliferation of Merlin-deficient schwannomas and meningiomas, which can be targeted with antiretroviral drugs and TEAD inhibitors.
Are CRISPR Screens Providing the Next Generation of Therapeutic Targets?
Authors: Vazquez Francisca , Sellers William R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
CRISPR screens combined with molecular and genetic profiling of large panels of cell lines are helping to systematically identify cancer vulnerabilities. These large-scale screens, together with focused in vivo and isogenic cell line screens, have identified a growing number of promising targets and led directly to numerous target-specific drug discovery programs, several of which have reached clinical testing. However, systematic loss-of-function studies are still in their early stages. Genetic redundancy, the limitation of cell line models for many cancer types, and the difficulty of conducting complex in vitro and in vivo screens remain opportunities for discovery. We expect that over the next few years, efforts like the Cancer Dependency Map along with more focused screens will play a significant role in the creation of a roadmap of oncology therapeutic targets.
Augmenting Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapy by Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis
Authors: Lai Junyun , Beavis Paul A. , Li Jasmine , Darcy Phillip K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy utilizing checkpoint blockade antibodies or adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) with tumor-specific T cells has led to unprecedented clinical responses in patients with cancer and has been considered one of the most significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment in the past decade. Nevertheless, many cancers remain refractory to these therapies due to the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This has led to the innovative idea of combining ACT with checkpoint inhibition. A landmark 2004 study by Blank and colleagues published in Cancer Research was one of the original demonstrations that adoptive transfer of T cells lacking the negative T-cell regulator, PD-1, was able to restore functional T-cell antitumor activity, resulting in rapid regression of established tumors in a preclinical model. This work was instrumental in not only driving clinical studies utilizing checkpoint inhibition but also a new wave of recent trials involving checkpoint blockade in the setting of ACT.
See related article by Blank and colleagues, Cancer Res 2004;64:1140–1145.
Associations of A Body Shape Index (ABSI) with Cancer Incidence, All-Cause, and at 23 Sites—Findings from the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Parra-Soto Solange , Malcomson Fiona C. , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Sharp Linda , Mathers John C. , Celis-Morales Carlos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Few studies have explored the emerging adiposity marker A Body Shape Index (ABSI) with cancer risk. This study investigated the associations between ABSI and the incidence of cancer at 23 sites and all cancer combined.

Methods:
Data from 442,610 participants from the UK Biobank prospective study were included in this study. ABSI was used as the exposure. Incidence of cancer at 23 sites was the outcome. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to explore the association of ABSI, and combined ABSI and body mass index (BMI) with cancer risk, after adjusting for multiple testing.

Results:
36,961 individuals developed cancer during the 8.8 years median follow-up. In multivariable analyses, participants in the highest tertile of ABSI had higher risk of lung [HR, 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44–1.74], liver (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.18–1.77), esophagus (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12–1.57), colorectal (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10–1.28), and breast (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.17) cancers, and all cancers combined (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.08–1.14) compared with the lowest tertile. These associations remained significant after adjustment for BMI. When ABSI was combined with BMI, participants in the highest ABSI who also had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were at higher risk of uterus, esophagus, liver, stomach, colorectal, and breast cancers, as well as all cancers combined, compared with those in the lowest ABSI tertile with a normal BMI.

Conclusions:
ABSI is associated with an increased risk of five cancers as well as all cancers combined, independently of BMI.

Impact:
ABSI is a useful marker for adiposity. However, cancer risk prediction improves with the combination of BMI.
Contributions of Social Factors to Disparities in Prostate Cancer Risk Profiles among Black Men and Non-Hispanic White Men with Prostate Cancer in California
Authors: Press David J. , Shariff-Marco Salma , Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Lauderdale Diane , Murphy Adam B. , Inamdar Pushkar P. , DeRouen Mindy C. , Hamilton Ann S. , Yang Juan , Lin Katherine , Hedeker Donald , Haiman Christopher A. , Cheng Iona , Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Black men are more likely than Non-Hispanic White (NHW) men to be diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer. We examined the extent to which social factors were associated with differences in prostate cancer risk profiles between Black men and NHW men [using a modification to the original D'Amico risk groups based on prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score (GS), and TNM stage (stage)], based on individual and combined clinicopathologic characteristics.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study of 23,555 Black men and 146,889 NHW men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the California Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2017. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of year of diagnosis, block group-level neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), marital status, and insurance type on differences in prostate cancer risk profiles between Black and NHW men.

Results:
High PSA (&gt;20 ng/mL), GS, stage, individually and combined prostate cancer risk profiles were more common among Black men versus NHW men. In fully adjusted models, relative to NHW men, we observed a persistent 67% increased odds of high PSA among Black men. nSES was the factor most strongly associated with racial disparity in high PSA, accounting for 25% of the difference. Marital status was the factor that was second most associated with a racial disparity.

Conclusions:
nSES was the factor most strongly associated with racial disparities in high PSA prostate cancer.

Impact:
The influence of nSES on racial disparities in PSA, GS, stage, and prostate cancer risk profiles warrants further consideration.
KAT6A and ENL Form an Epigenetic Transcriptional Control Module to Drive Critical Leukemogenic Gene-Expression Programs
Authors: Yan Fangxue , Li Jinyang , Milosevic Jelena , Petroni Ricardo , Liu Suying , Shi Zhennan , Yuan Salina , Reynaga Janice M. , Qi Yuwei , Rico Joshua , Yu Sixiang , Liu Yiman , Rokudai Susumu , Palmisiano Neil , Meyer Sara E. , Sung Pamela J. , Wan Liling , Lan Fei , Garcia Benjamin A. , Stanger Ben Z. , Sykes David B. , Blanco M. Andrés 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Epigenetic programs are dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and help enforce an oncogenic state of differentiation arrest. To identify key epigenetic regulators of AML cell fate, we performed a differentiation-focused CRISPR screen in AML cells. This screen identified the histone acetyltransferase KAT6A as a novel regulator of myeloid differentiation that drives critical leukemogenic gene-expression programs. We show that KAT6A is the initiator of a newly described transcriptional control module in which KAT6A-catalyzed promoter H3K9ac is bound by the acetyl-lysine reader ENL, which in turn cooperates with a network of chromatin factors to induce transcriptional elongation. Inhibition of KAT6A has strong anti-AML phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that KAT6A small-molecule inhibitors could be of high therapeutic interest for mono-therapy or combinatorial differentiation-based treatment of AML.

Significance:
AML is a poor-prognosis disease characterized by differentiation blockade. Through a cell-fate CRISPR screen, we identified KAT6A as a novel regulator of AML cell differentiation. Mechanistically, KAT6A cooperates with ENL in a “writer–reader” epigenetic transcriptional control module. These results uncover a new epigenetic dependency and therapeutic opportunity in AML.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587
Gregariousness and intraspecific aggression in Iberian bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae) throughout the year
Authors: Hernández Ángel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study provides novel information about gregariousness and intraspecific aggression in Iberian bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae) in northwestern Spain. Small monospecific parties never exceeding 10 individuals were seen throughout the year, larger in winter on average. Males considerably outnumbered females within the groups. Adult flocks were frequent only in winter. In spring, many of the adult groups were mixed-sex assemblages composed of pairs plus supernumerary males. Sightings of juvenile groups, up to seven individuals, were common in summer–autumn. The vigilance role in mixed-sex assemblages, including pairs, appeared to be the responsibility of males based on sex-specific vigilance rates. The highest frequency of aggressive encounters, mainly male against male, occurred during the breeding season, associated with mate defence. Females attacked males, not the contrary, which supports reversed sexual dominance in bullfinches. Gregariousness probably acted as an anti-predatory and foraging strategy.
Onomasiological Profiles of Old English Texts
Authors: Porck Thijs 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article discusses proof-of-concept research into the structure of the vocabularies of three Old English texts, Beowulf, Andreas and the Old English Martyrology. With the help of the Web application Evoke, which makes A Thesaurus of Old English (TOE) available in Linguistic Linked Data form, the words that occur in these three texts have been tagged within the existing onomasiological structure of TOE. This tagging process has resulted in prototypes of ‘textual thesauri’ for each of the three texts; such thesauri allow researchers to analyse the ‘onomasiological profile’ of a text, using the statistical tools that are built into Evoke. Since the same overarching structure has been used for all three texts, these texts can now be compared on an onomasiological level. As the article demonstrates, this comparative approach gives rise to novel research questions, as new and distinctive patterns of vocabulary use come to the surface. The semantic fields discussed include “War” and “Animals”.
Mapping Conceptual Variation through A Thesaurus of Old English and Evoke
Authors: Khan Fahad , Díaz-Vera Javier E. , Minaya Gómez Francisco Javier , Cruz González Rafael , Monachini Monica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The topic of figurative language in Old English (OE) has recently become the focus of substantial research. In this article, the authors will describe work on the semantic description of the lexicon of shame words in OE and in particular the taxonomical organisation of this lexicon on the basis of different kinds of semantic mappings (metonymic, metaphorical). Next, they will explore the use of the Evoke platform as a means of visualising and navigating this lexicon and show how it can be used to enrich A Thesaurus of Old English (TOE). The authors also describe ongoing work on the modelling and publication of this data as a linked data resource consisting of a lexicon and a taxonomy in SKOS of different kinds of metaphoric/metonymic sense shifts.
Statistical gender indexicality in the grammar of vernacular Arabic varieties
Authors: Vicente Ángeles 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper studies how gender indexicality occurs in some vernacular Arabic varieties, as a phenomenon linked to linguistic variation. Its objective is to test the types of gender indexicality found in this context, and to describe the areas of grammar where they are applied, particularly concerning phonology and morphology. To do this, several different contexts within the Arabic-speaking communities have been analysed since the indexed form strictly depends on the background and may not be understood without an in-depth analysis of the social and cultural circumstances surrounding the speech-act. The analysed data, coming from specialized literature and fieldwork, show that some variants tend to index the gender of the speaker more than that of the addressee. Furthermore, gender indexicality in contexts of variation shows more often sex-preferential tendencies rather than sex-exclusive tendencies.