bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prognosis-related Genes Participate in Immunotherapy of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Maybe Through Targeting Dendritic Cells
Authors: Fang Guodong , Wang Xudan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has become one of the hotspot methods of tumor treatment. This study aims to screen and analyze the role of prognostic genes in the diagnosis, prognosis and immunotherapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by bioinformatics methods. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus Datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Datasets, we screened out the nine differentially expressed genes (TYROBP, APOC1, CSTA, LY96, LAPTM5, CD300A, ALOX5, C1QA, C1QB) associated with clinical traits and prognosis by "WGCNA" package in R and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The ROC curves showed that the combination of these genes had high diagnostic value (AUC=0.990). The COX regression analysis was used to construct the risk signature, and the risk score calculated by the 9 genes was an independent prognostic factor that could predict survival probability for patients at 1 year, 3 years, 5 years. The high-risk group had lower Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion score and higher tumor mutation burden and PD-1 levels. The immune checkpoint blockade response rates in the high- and low- risk groups were 49.25% and 24.72% (p≤0.001). The immune infiltration and Pearson correlation analyses suggested that the prognostic genes were negatively correlated with activated dendritic cells in the low-risk group, rather than in the high-risk group. In conclusion, prognostic-related genes have high diagnostic value and can guide prognostic evaluation and immunotherapy for ccRCC, and this process needs to be mediated by the activated dendritic cells.
The network of the subjective experience in embodiment phenomena
Authors: Tosi Giorgia , Romano Daniele 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Body illusions are designed to temporarily alter body representation by embodying fake bodies or part of them. Despite their large use, the embodiment questionnaires have been validated only for the embodiment of fake hands in the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI). With the current study, we aimed at (i) extending the validation of embodiment questionnaires to a different illusory situation (e.g., the Full-Body Illusion - FBI); (ii) comparing two methods to explore the questionnaires structures: a classic Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a modern Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA). 118 healthy participants completed an FBI procedure where the subjective experience of embodiment was measured with a standard questionnaire. The EFA results in two-factor structures. However, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) fit indices do not show a good fit with the data. Conversely, the EGA identified four communities: ownership, agency, co-location and disembodiment; the solution was confirmed by a CFA. Overall, the EGA seems to be the best fitting method for the present data. Our results confirm the EGA as a suitable substitute for a more classical EFA. Moreover, the emerged structure suggests that the FBI induces similar effects to the RHI, implying that the embodiment sensations are common to different illusory methods. Public Significance Statement: The study indicates that the Exploratory Graph Analysis is a convenient substitute for a more classical Exploratory Factor Analysis. Moreover, the present paper suggests that different illusory methods induce similar embodiment effects.
How Does Misperception Affect Zero-Determinant Strategies In Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma?
Authors: Cheng Zhaoyang , Chen Guanpu , Hong Yiguang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Zero-determinant (ZD) strategies have attracted wide attention in Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD) games, since the player equipped with ZD strategies can unilaterally enforce the two players’ expected utilities subjected to a linear relation. On the other hand, uncertainties, which may be caused by misperception, occur in IPD inevitably in practical circumstances. To better understand the situation, we consider the influence of misperception on ZD strategies in IPD, where the two players, player X and player Y , have different cognitions, but player X detects the misperception and it is believed to make ZD strategies by player Y. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the ZD strategies in IPD with misperception, where there is also a linear relationship between players’ utilities in player X’s cognition. Then we explore bounds of players’ expected utility deviation from a linear relationship in player X’s cognition with also improving its own utility.
Application of AHP – Entropy–TOPSIS methodology for soil heavy metal classification: Analysis of soil environment status in Jingshan as a case study
Authors: Liu Sugang , Ni Qingguo , Li Xudong , Huang Lei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Given the complexity of the soil environment, the evaluation of soil pollution should consider the comprehensive weight of multiple evaluation factors to obtain highly objective and scientific conclusions. In this paper, two main ways are proposed to comprehensively analyze the degree of heavy metal pollution in the region: the combination of subjective weight (the analytic hierarchy process method) and objective weight (the entropy method) to determine the combination weight, and the use of the TOPSIS method to quantify the relative relationship between samples and the soil background values in the study area and analyze the spatial and geographical distribution of heavy metal elements in the samples.Analysis results show that the weight ranking of 31 out of 56 samples in the study area is higher than that based on the soil background value of Hubei Province, indicating that 55.36% of the samples had a comprehensive pollution degree lower than the soil background value of Hubei Province. According to the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution, the soil pollution status in the study area is poor, and some parts are polluted by heavy metals to a certain extent.
Interactive Responses of Enkephalin, δ-opioid Receptor and Dopamine Receptor D1/D2 to Hypoxia and/or MPP+ Stress in PC12 Cells
Authors: Chen Tao , Wang Qing-Yu , Chao Dong-Man , Deng Yi-Dong , Liu Yan-Hui , Cai Ben-Chi , Zhao Jian-Nong , Wen Guo-Qiang , Xia Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic brain injury is a potential etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is evidence suggesting that the up-regulation of enkephalin, an endogenous opioid, in the midbrain may have a compensatory effect against Parkinson’s disease (PD) related motor symptoms. To explore the potential mechanism underlying this action, we investigated the effects of hypoxia and MPP+, a pathological inducer PD, on enkephalin, δ-opioid receptor (DOR, an enkephalin receptor), and prohormone convertases 1 and 2 (PC1/PC2) on in- vitro PD model of PC12 cells. We found that (1) short-term hypoxia could inducing cell protection by up-regulating the level of enkephalin, accompanied by the synergistic up-regulation of δ-opioid receptor (DOR) ; (2) a longer period of hypoxia or MPP+ insult accelerated the proteolysis of proenkephalin by up-regulating PC1/PC2 which might produce more active enkephalin and thus activating DOR for cell protection; (3) The levels of enkephalin and DOR decreased significantly after a prolonged hypoxia or MPP+ insult; and (4) a certain degree of hypoxia improved cell viability and enhance the transcription of dopamine D1/D2 receptorby increasing their mRNA level. Our findings suggest that hypoxia may induce an interactive reaction of enkephalin, DOR and dopamine receptor D1/D2, which is potentially beneficial for cell surviving to severe/prolonged hypoxia and PD condition.
Efficiently generate functional hepatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells by complete small-molecule strategy
Authors: Pan Tingcai , Wang Ning , Zhang Jiaye , Yang Fan , Chen Yan , Zhuang Yuanqi , Xu Yingying , Fang Ji , You Kai , Lin Xianhua , Li Yang , Li Shao , Liang Kangyan , Li Yin-xiong , Gao Yi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Various methods have been developed to generate hepatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that rely on the combined use of multiple expensive growth factors, limiting industrial-scale production and widespread applications. Small molecules offer an attractive alternative to growth factors for producing hepatic cells since they are more economical and relatively stable. Methods: We dissect small-molecule combinations and identify the ideal cocktails to achieve an optimally efficient and cost-effective strategy for hepatic cells differentiation, expansion, and maturation.Results: We demonstrated that small-molecule cocktail CIP efficiently induced definitive endoderm (DE) formation via increased endogenous TGF-β/Nodal signaling. Furthermore, we identified that combining Vitamin C, Dihexa, and Forskolin (VDF) could substitute growth factors to induce hepatic specification. The obtained hepatoblasts (HBs) could subsequently expand and mature into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) by the established chemical formulas. Thus, we established a stepwise strategy with complete small molecules for efficiently producing scalable HBs and functionally matured HLCs. The small-molecule derived HLCs displayed typical functional characteristics as mature hepatocytes in vitro and repopulating injured liver in vivo. Conclusion: Our current small-molecule based hepatic generation protocol presents an efficient and cost-effective platform for the large-scale production of functional human hepatic cells for cell-based therapy and drug discovery using.
Vertical Program of Screenings and Check-ups in the Russian Federation: Design, Implementation and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Sheiman Igor , Shishkin Sergey , Sazhina Svetlana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background. The Russian Federation has introduced a vertical large-scale program of ‘dispensarization’ (Program) that includes health check-ups and screenings for the entire adult population. It is expected to improve the results of medical interventions and ensure health gains at a relatively low cost. The major research question: Does the design and implementation of the program meet the expectations? Methods. We analyze regulatory acts and the literature on the design and the outcomes of the Program. Physicians’ surveys and interviews are conducted to understand the capacity of primary care providers to meet the requirements of the Program, as well as the link between the early identification of new illnesses and their follow-up management, administration of the program, the barriers to its successful implementation. Results. There is a substantial progress of the coverage of the population and increase in the number of identified illnesses. Some specific instruments of the Program implementation work well, others require more careful design and additional integrative and managerial activities. The capacity of primary care providers does not allow to provide high quality preventive services, as well as to ensure a continuum of preventive and curative work. The pattern of the Program administration facilitates its nation-wide implementation according to the unified rules, but makes it more difficult to account for the local conditions and limits the autonomy of professionals to choose specific population risk groups and a list of services. The interaction of providers in preventive activities is inadequate. Conclusion The expectations of the Program are too high due to the inconsistency in its design and implementation. The major lesson learnt is that the program like this should meet the capacity of primary care and be designed as a complex of interrelated activities to identify illnesses and provide their follow-up management.
LaCl3 Treatment Improves Agrobacterium-mediated Immature Embryo Genetic Transformation Frequency of Maize
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Shi Yunlu , Liu Fang , Guo Yan , Lu minhui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos is important for gene-function studies and molecular breeding of maize. However, the relatively low genetic transformation frequency remains a bottleneck for applicability of this method, especially on commercial scale. We report that pretreatment of immature embryos with LaCl3 (a Ca2+ channel blocker) improves the infection frequency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, increases the proportion of positive calluses, yields more positive regenerated plantlets, and increases the transformation frequency from 8.40% to 17.60% for maize. This optimization is a novel method for improving the frequency of plant genetic transformations mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Gut Microbiota Reveals the Environmental Adaption in Gastro-intestinal Tract of Wild Boar in Karst Region of Southwest China
Authors: Cao Heqin , Yang Xiongwei , Peng Caichun , Wang Yeying , Guo Qunyi , Su Haijun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGut microbes, has become one of the research hotspots in animal ecology, playing an important role in monitoring dietary adaptation and health status of host. However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota in the stomach, small intestine (ileum) and large intestine (cecum, colon and rectum) of wild boar. ResultsAlpha diversity and Beta diversity showed there were significant differences in the abundance and distribution of microbes in gastrointestinal tract of wild boar. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla in stomach, cecum, colon and rectum of wild boar, while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant in ileum. At genus level, there were different leading genera in stomach (Prevotella and Lactobacillus), small intestine (Escherichia-Shigella and Lactobacillus) and large intestine (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Escherichia-Shigella). PICRUSt function predictive analysis suggested that there were significant differences in microbial metabolic pathways among five locations of wild boar. Conclusions﻿This study comprehensively revealed the differences in composition of microbial community in gastrointestinal trac of wild boar. Future work links microbes with the metabolites to accurately reveal the health of wild boar.
Development of a Standardised Process of Scenario Writing Through a Virtual Assistant Model in Nursing Teaching
Authors: Martins Teresa , Santos Francisco , Araújo Maria de Fátima , Freire Rosa Maria , Lumini Maria José , Peixoto Maria José , Salazar Berta , Sousa Maria Rui , Fernandes Carla 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of simulation allows students to develop skills. Simulation in the teaching of clinical skills is preceded by some stages, the first of which requires the development of a scenario. This study aimed to develop and test a virtual model for creating scenarios for realistic simulation, focusing on the person with dependence in self-care activities. Methods: A methodological study was conducted in two phases. The first phase of the study aimed to analyse and propose the structure and functioning of the virtual assistant for scenario creation through the nominal group’s technique, involving a group of 10 experts. The second, a quasi-experimental study without a control group, with 128 second-year students, in the four-year nursing degree course, who participated in two moments of realistic simulation, one with a traditional scenario and the other with a scenario built through the virtual assistant. The students completed a questionnaire to assess their understanding of the data, suggested interventions, and their contribution to learning after each simulation experience. Results: The group of experts identified the fields and key concepts that should be part of the structure of the scenarios and proposed a set of icons for better visual recognition of the information. Students considered that the new scenario template favoured their understanding of the situation under analysis and the recognition of the focuses of attention that they should prioritise for the elaboration of the intervention plan. Conclusions: A virtual role-play assistant model for a standardized process of scenario writing to help realistic simulation in nursing teaching is a novelty in this study likely to contribute to learning gains.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: A 10-Year Review form a Referral Tertiary Centre in Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman Dauda Eneyamire , Liman Almustapha Aliyu , Waziri Garba Dahiru , Iliyasu Yawale , Ahmed Saad Aliyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia is a heterogenous group of proliferative squamous lesions on the ocular surface with varying biologic behaviours. This study aims to report the clinical profile and pathologic characteristics of cases of OSSN seen at a tertiary referral centre in North West NigeriaMethods: A retrospective review of all cases of OSSN diagnosed over a 10-year period was doneResults: OSSN accounted for 68 out of 91 ocular surface lesions affecting twice as many males as females and a peak incidence in the 30-39 years age group. They frequently presented as higher grade and higher stage lesions with invasive squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequently diagnosed OSSN. They also frequently show association with HIV infection and a relatively long duration of symptoms before presentationConclusion: OSSN occur in a relatively young age group in our environment. Certain clinical and epidemiological features appear to [predict the occurrence of higher grade lesions and this may help in the clinical prediction of likely pathologic grade and/or biologic behaviour of these lesions.
Handheld Versus Conventional Ultrasound for Assessing Carotid Artery in Routine Volunteers
Authors: Jin Lin , Chen Jianxiong , Tong Lanyue , Shen Cuiqin , Du Lianfang , Li Zhaojun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to estimate the feasibility and accuracy of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and hemodynamic parameters measurement in a handheld ultrasound device.Methods: Utilizing an ex vivo pig carotid artery sample, CIMT was measured with a handheld ultrasound and compared with histopathology. Then we performed a carotid ultrasound on 25 volunteers using a handheld ultrasound device and a conventional ultrasound system. After a week, these volunteers were scanned again by the same observer. Assessments of the max IMT, mean IMT and hemodynamic parameters (PSV, EDV, PI, RI, S/D, ACCEL, AT, TAMEAN) were compared. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess inter-device agreement. Repeatability and correlation of mean IMT were analyzed by Bland–Altman Plots and linear correlation analysis. Results: The mean IMT measured from the common carotid artery by handheld ultrasound showed good agreement (ICC=0.79) with conventional ultrasound. Furthermore, we obtained good repeatability and a consistent trend in the mean value of IMT before and after (r = 0.680, P < 0.01). In addition, the max IMT and the hemodynamic parameters (PSV, EDV, S/D, ACCEL, TAMEAN) showed moderate agreement (ICC=0.73, 0.52, 0.58, 0.70, 0.61, 0.51, respectively). The PI, RI and HR values were excellent agreement with conventional ultrasound (ICC=0.80, 0.84, 0.94). Conclusion: About the basic assessment of carotid, the images and parameters obtained using handheld ultrasound showed a moderate to excellent agreement with conventional ultrasound. The handheld ultrasonic devices can be widely used as a diagnostic tool for carotid artery structure and hemodynamics examination.
Behavioral Responses of Bemisia Tabaci Cryptic Species Med to Three Host Plants and Their Volatiles
Authors: liu zhe , CHEN WENBIN , ZHANG SHUAI , CHEN HAN , SU HONGHUA , JING TIANXING , YANG YIZHONG 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a worldwide pest that damages more than 900 host plant species. The infestation behavior of this pest is affected by the volatile organic compounds (volatiles) of different plants and their growth stage. We investigated the chemical constituents of the volatiles extracted from three plants (Gossypium hirsutum, Abutilon theophrasti and Ricinus communis) at different growth stages (pre-flowering, florescence and fruiting) and their effects on the behavior of adult B. tabaci. The selectivity studies on three plants showed that the B. tabaci preferred piemarker. The olfactometer studies showed that growth periods of the three plants also affected the preference of B. tabaci. Volatiles of piemarker and cotton plant had different levels of attraction to adults during all stages. Volatile substances released by castor at stage of flowering have a repellent effect on B. tabaci. In the plant VS plant combination ,the adults showed the strongest preference to volatiles from before and during anthesis of piemarker, followed by cotton, and then castor. A total of 23, 22 and 18 compounds were detected from volatiles of piemarker, cotton and castor, respectively, and proportions among the compounds changed during different stages of plant development. The olfactory responses of B. tabaci to volatile compounds showed that linalool and high concentration of leaf acetate had strong trapping effect on this pest, while 1-nonanal had significant repellent effect at high concentration. This study indicates that different plants and their growth stage affects their attractiveness or repellency to B. tabaci adults which is mediated by plant constitutive and dynamic changes. The compounds obtained by analysis screening can be used as potential attractants or repellents to control Mediterranean (MED) B. tabaci.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Two Captive Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mulatta) Populations as Revealed by Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Du Chao , Mo Bai , Li Wujiao , Liu Wencong , Hu Zongxiu , Xu Yongtao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rhesus monkeyss (Macaca mulatta) are extensively used in the field of medical and psychological research as valuable experimental animals. 15 polymorphic chromosome-specific microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure in two captive individuals. A total of 155 alleles were identified, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 7 to 15, giving an average number of 10.3 alleles per locus. The mean number of effective alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and the polymorphism information content (PIC) were 5.602, 0.7297, 0.8016, and 0.7716, respectively. The populations HS and XJ shared partial common alleles, however, the remaining in XJ were not detected. Structure analysis indicated that two populations belong to three genetic lineages. AMOVA showed that the genetic variance was 91% among individuals, while it was 9% among populations, respectively. The bottleneck effect analysis revealed that the two captive populations were in accordance with mutation-drift equilibrium. In the comparison of the genetic parameters and structure between the HS and XJ, we speculated that the genetic diversity was higher, which may be attributed to the exchange of germplasm resources and the input of new individuals from wild populations.