bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in translational imaging of the microcirculation
Authors: Guerraty Marie , Bhargava Akanksha , Senarathna Janaka , Mendelson Asher A. , Pathak Arvind P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe past few decades have seen an explosion in the development and use of methods for imaging the human microcirculation during health and disease. The confluence of innovative imaging technologies, affordable computing power, and economies of scale have ushered in a new era of “translational” imaging that permit us to peer into blood vessels of various organs in the human body. These imaging techniques include near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that are sensitive to microvascular‐derived signals, as well as computed tomography (CT), optical imaging, and ultrasound (US) imaging that are capable of directly acquiring images at, or close to microvascular spatial resolution. Collectively, these imaging modalities enable us to characterize the morphological and functional changes in a tissue's microcirculation that are known to accompany the initiation and progression of numerous pathologies. Although there have been significant advances for imaging the microcirculation in preclinical models, this review focuses on developments in the assessment of the microcirculation in patients with optical imaging, NIRS, PET, US, MRI, and CT, to name a few. The goal of this review is to serve as a springboard for exploring the burgeoning role of translational imaging technologies for interrogating the structural and functional status of the microcirculation in humans, and highlight the breadth of current clinical applications. Making the human microcirculation “visible” in vivo to clinicians and researchers alike will facilitate bench‐to‐bedside discoveries and enhance the diagnosis and management of disease.
Revisiting the Phlebotominae subfamily records in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Cova B. O. , Santos R. F. , Dias‐Lima A. G. , Monte‐Alegre A. F. , Schriefer A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBrazil is one of the countries that concentrates 90% of all tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases cases and Bahia is one of the highly affected states. In the present report, we consolidated secondary data from several complementary databases that allowed us to record the sand fly species identified including areas of Leishmania spp. transmission in the state of Bahia. We then overlayed the geographical distribution data onto maps of vegetational aspects found across the state. Overall, 21 602 records of phlebotomine sand flies occurrence between 1949 and 2016 were analysed, encompassing 85% of Bahia's municipalities. Seventy‐six sand fly species under 17 genera were enlisted. Among described species, 27 were proven or putative Leishmania spp. vectors and three were considered exclusively endemic in the state. Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia whitmani were found in 74, 29 and 27% of municipalities, respectively. Salvador, the state capital and major city presented records for 21 different sand fly species, including known vectors for leishmaniasis. In particular, a wide distribution of Evandromyia sallesi was detected for this city. This consolidated account on phebotomine fauna and distribution may be explored for improving the planning and deployment of vector‐focused leishmaniasis control measures in affected areas of Bahia.
Neurosyphilis presenting as herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Authors: Li Fang‐Zhou , Tian Jun , Zhang Yun , Wu Zhi‐Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 63‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of sudden slow response and irrelevant answer for three days. The brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left‐sided hyperintense lesion and moderate expansiveness involving the hippocampus, insular cortex, and temporal lobe, which mimicking herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Her cerebrospinal fluid examination disclosed the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay and rapid plasma regain test were both positive. A diagnosis of neurosyphilis was made, and the patient was benefited from penicillin therapy.
Identification of circ_0089153/miR‐608/EGFR p53 axis in ameloblastoma via MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Jinwen , Qiao Xue , Liu Jiayi , Zhong Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma (AB), identifying potential novel targets for future targeted therapy.Materials and MethodsCircRNA and microRNA (miRNA) profiling in AB were built with microarrays. Six novel circRNAs were validated, circ‐miRNA networks were delineated. Hsa‐miR‐608 was filtered over cross‐comparison between database screening, miRNA microarray and validated. Circ‐miRNA binding sponge was validated via luciferase reporter assay. Downstream mRNAs were screened. Regulation between miRNAs and mRNAs was confirmed in vitro. Gene interaction networks and circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction pathway enrichment analyses were established.ResultsSix differentially expressed circRNAs were selected and validated. According to miRNAs and pathways predicted, six correlated miRNAs were selected, hsa‐miR‐608 was filtered and validated. The hsa_circ_0089153/hsa‐miR‐608 binding sponge was validated. Downstream gene interaction networks showed that EGFR and p53 had the strongest co‐expression. In vitro transfection results confirmed the suppressive function of miR‐608 and EGFR p53. Hsa_circ_0089153/hsa‐miR‐608/EGFR p53 interaction pathway enrichment analysis confirmed functions mainly enriched in MAPK and related signaling pathways regulating AB progression.ConclusionsSix novel circRNAs were identified. Hsa_circ_0089153/hsa‐miR‐608 sponging was validated, hsa‐miR‐608 downregulated EGFR and p53, which might further regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle processes via the MAPK signaling pathway.
Feasibility study shows concordance between image‐based virtual‐heart ablation targets and predicted ECG‐based arrhythmia exit‐sites
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Sung Eric , Prakosa Adityo , Aronis Konstantinos N. , Chrispin Jonathan , Tandri Harikrishna , AbdelWahab Amir , Horáček B. Milan , Sapp John L. , Trayanova Natalia A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe recently developed two noninvasive methodologies to help guide VT ablation: population‐derived automated VT exit localization (PAVEL) and virtual‐heart arrhythmia ablation targeting (VAAT). We hypothesized that while very different in their nature, limitations, and type of ablation targets (substrate‐based vs. clinical VT), the image‐based VAAT and the ECG‐based PAVEL technologies would be spatially concordant in their predictions.ObjectiveThe objective is to test this hypothesis in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients in a retrospective feasibility study.MethodsFour post‐infarct patients who underwent LV VT ablation and had pre‐procedural LGE‐CMRs were enrolled. Virtual hearts with patient‐specific scar and border zone identified potential VTs and ablation targets. Patient‐specific PAVEL based on a population‐derived statistical method localized VT exit sites onto a patient‐specific 238‐triangle LV endocardial surface.ResultsTen induced VTs were analyzed and 9‐exit sites were localized by PAVEL onto the patient‐specific LV endocardial surface. All nine predicted VT exit sites were in the scar border zone defined by voltage mapping and spatially correlated with successful clinical lesions. There were 2.3 ± 1.9 VTs per patient in the models. All five VAAT lesions fell within regions ablated clinically. VAAT targets correlated well with 6 PAVEL‐predicted VT exit sites. The distance between the center of the predicted VT‐exit‐site triangle and nearest corresponding VAAT ablation lesion was 10.7 ± 7.3 mm.ConclusionsVAAT targets are concordant with the patient‐specific PAVEL‐predicted VT exit sites. These findings support investigation into combining these two complementary technologies as a noninvasive, clinical tool for targeting clinically induced VTs and regions likely to harbor potential VTs.
Neuropathic Pain in the Eyes, Body, and Mouth: Insights from the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance
Authors: Gebreegziabher Elisabeth A. , Bunya Vatinee Y. , Baer Alan N. , Jordan Richard C. , Akpek Esen K. , Rose‐Nussbaumer Jennifer , Criswell Lindsey A. , Shiboski Caroline H. , Lietman Thomas M. , Gonzales John A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate how ocular, oral, and bodily neuropathic pain symptoms, which characterize small fiber neuropathies, are associated with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) classification based on the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria.MethodsParticipants enrolled in the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) registry had ocular, rheumatologic, oral, and labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsy examinations, blood and saliva samples collected, and completed questionnaires at baseline. We used mixed effects modeling with age, country, gender, and depression being fixed effects and study site, a random effect, to determine if neuropathic pain indicators (assessed via questionnaires) were associated with being classified as SS.ResultsA total of 3,514 participants were enrolled into SICCA, with 1,541 (52.9%) meeting the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SS. There was a negative association between being classified as SS and experiencing bodily neuropathic pain features of needle‐like pain, prickling/tingling sensation, ocular neuropathic pain of constant burning, and constant light sensitivity, and having a presumptive diagnosis of neuropathic oral pain.ConclusionsWe found that those classified as SS had lower scores/reports of painful neuropathies compared with those classified as non‐SS. Non‐SS patients with dry eye disease or symptoms could benefit from pain assessment as they may experience painful small‐fiber neuropathies (SFNs). Pain questionnaires may help identify pain associated with SFNs in patients with SS and non‐SS dry eye. Future studies would be helpful to correlate self‐reports of pain to objective measures of SFNs in those with SS, non‐SS dry eye, and healthy controls.
Son‐biased fertility stopping, birth spacing, and child nutritional status in Pakistan
Authors: Chaudhry Theresa Thompson , Khan Maha , Mir Azka Sarosh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we append information from four cross‐sectional household surveys (Multiple Indictors Cluster Survey of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) in Punjab, Pakistan, collected between 2007 and 2018 to create a data set of 140,000–150,000 child‐level observations. Using linear regression, we document a strongly negative birth‐order gradient in the nutritional status (measured as height‐for‐age z‐scores) of children below age 5, indicating a pattern of disinvestment in later‐born children that is even greater than that documented for poorer countries in sub‐Saharan Africa in an earlier study. Consistent with other empirical work in developing‐country contexts, girls have on average higher z‐scores than boys, but their advantage is lower in Pakistan than other countries outside of the South Asian region, and worryingly, the negative birth‐order gradient is steeper for girls than boys. Son‐biased fertility stopping rules and close‐birth spacing appear to play key roles in Pakistan; following the birth of daughters, parents reduce contraceptive use and breastfeeding (a natural birth control). Using an IV strategy based on the genders of the previously born children, we find that shortened intervals between births harm children's nutritional status, especially that of boys.
Evaluation of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in low and intermediate risk kidney transplant recipients receiving lymphocyte‐depleting induction
Authors: Stamps Hillary , Linder Kristin , O'Sullivan David M. , Serrano Oscar K. , Rochon Caroline , Ebcioglu Zeynep , Singh Joseph , Ye Xiaoyi , Tremaglio Joseph , Sheiner Patricia , Cheema Faiqa , Kutzler Heather L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Historically at our institution, KTR with low and intermediate CMV risk received 6 months of valganciclovir if they received lymphocyte depleting induction therapy. This study evaluates choice and duration of CMV prophylaxis based on donor (D) and recipient (R) CMV serostatus and the incidence of post‐transplant CMV viremia in low (D‐/R‐) and intermediate (R+) risk KTR receiving lymphocyte‐depleting induction therapy. A protocol utilizing valacyclovir for 3 months for D‐/R‐ and valganciclovir for 3 months for R+ was evaluated. Adult D‐/R‐ and R+ KTR receiving anti‐thymocyte globulin, rabbit or alemtuzumab induction from 8/20/2016 to 9/30/2018 were evaluated through 1 year post‐transplant. Patients were excluded if their CMV serostatus was D+/R‐, received a multi‐organ transplant, or received basiliximab. Seventy‐seven subjects met the inclusion criteria: 25 D‐/R‐ (4 historic group, 21 experimental group) and 52 R+ (31 historic, 21 experimental). No D‐/R‐ patients experienced CMV viremia. Among the R+ historic and experimental groups, there was no significant difference in viremia incidence (35.5% vs 52.4%; P = .573). Of these cases, the peak viral load was similar between the groups (median [IQR], 67 [<200‐444] vs <50 [<50‐217]; P = .711), and there was no difference in the incidence of CMV syndrome (16.1% vs 14.3%; P = 1.000) or CMV related hospitalization (12.9% vs 14.3%; P = 1.000). No patient experienced tissue invasive disease. These results suggest limiting valganciclovir exposure may be possible in low and intermediate risk KTR receiving lymphocyte‐depleting induction therapy with no apparent impact on CMV‐related outcomes.
Fine mapping identifies NAD‐ME1 as a candidate underlying a major locus controlling temporal variation in primary and specialized metabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Francisco Marta , Kliebenstein Daniel J. , Rodríguez Víctor M. , Soengas Pilar , Abilleira Rosaura , Cartea María E. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYPlant metabolism is modulated by a complex interplay between internal signals and external cues. A major goal of all quantitative metabolomic studies is to clone the underlying genes to understand the mechanistic basis of this variation. Using fine‐scale genetic mapping, in this work we report the identification and initial characterization of NAD‐DEPENDENT MALIC ENZYME 1 (NAD‐ME1) as the candidate gene underlying the pleiotropic network Met.II.15 quantitative trait locus controlling variation in plant metabolism and circadian clock outputs in the Bay × Sha Arabidopsis population. Transcript abundance and promoter analysis in NAD‐ME1Bay‐0 and NAD‐ME1Sha alleles confirmed allele‐specific expression that appears to be due a polymorphism disrupting a putative circadian cis‐element binding site. Analysis of transfer DNA insertion lines and heterogeneous inbred families showed that transcript variation of the NAD‐ME1 gene led to temporal shifts of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, glucosinolate (GSL) accumulation, and altered regulation of several GSL biosynthesis pathway genes. Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed complex regulatory networks of NAD‐ME1 dependent upon the daytime. The mutant led to shifts in plant primary metabolites, cell wall components, isoprenoids, fatty acids, and plant immunity phytochemicals, among others. Our findings suggest that NAD‐ME1 may act as a key gene to coordinate plant primary and secondary metabolism in a time‐dependent manner.
Removal of citrate from PAS‐III additive solution improves functional and biochemical characteristics of buffy‐coat platelet concentrates stored for 7 days, with or without INTERCEPT pathogen reduction
Authors: Isola Hervé , Ravanat Catherine , Rudwill Floriane , Pongerard Anais , Haas Delphine , Eckly Anita , Gachet Christian , Hechler Béatrice 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeterioration in quality of platelet concentrates (PCs) during storage results from the appearance of storage lesions affecting the hemostatic functions and posttransfusion survival of platelets. These lesions depend on the preparation and pathogen inactivation methods used, duration of storage, and platelet additive solutions (PASs) present in storage bags.MethodsWe investigated the effects of citrate contained in third‐generation PAS (PAS‐III) on storage lesions in buffy‐coat PCs with or without photochemical (amotosalen–ultraviolet A) treatment over 7 days.ResultsPlatelet counts were conserved in all groups during storage, as was platelet swirling without appearance of macroscopic aggregates. Glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa and GPVI expression remained stable, whereas GPIbα declined similarly in all groups during storage. Removal of citrate from PAS‐III, resulting in global reduction of citrate from 11 to 5 mM, led to a significant decrease in glucose consumption, which largely countered a modest deleterious effect of photochemical treatment. Citrate reduction also resulted in decreased lactate generation and better maintenance of pH during storage, while photochemical treatment had no impact on these parameters. Moreover, citrate‐free storage significantly reduced exposure of P‐selectin and the apoptosis signal phosphatidylserine, thereby abolishing the activating effect of photochemical treatment on both parameters. Citrate reduction benefited platelet aggregation to various agonists up to Day 7, whereas PCT had no impact on these responses.ConclusionRemoval of citrate from PAS‐III has a beneficial impact on platelet metabolism, spontaneous activation, and apoptosis, and improves platelet aggregation, irrespective of photochemical treatment, which should allow transfusion of platelets with better and longer‐lasting functional properties.
Retrospective evaluation of preoperative anaemia management at a Melbourne metropolitan hospital: a framework for quality improvement
Authors: Hargreaves Benjamin J. , Baric Amanda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a strong evidence base supporting the implementation of patient blood management systems to treat preoperative anaemia and reduce perioperative transfusions, yet implementation of these systems remains limited. The patient blood management practices at Northern Health are currently under review. This study evaluates the prevalence of anaemia in the Northern Health surgical cohort and determines the current blood management practices of each surgical unit to create recommendations for a hospital‐wide implementation strategy that can be used as a framework for quality improvement in similar metropolitan hospitals.MethodsPreadmission and perioperative data were collected for adults undergoing elective major surgery from orthopaedics, gynaecology, urology, colorectal and hepatobiliary units between April 2018 and March 2019. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk, the Kruskal–Wallis and Fisher’s exact tests.ResultsA total of 697 patient files were analysed. 14·2% of patients were anaemic at preadmission clinic with 37% of these attributable to iron deficiency. Anaemic patients had a higher rate of transfusion (P < 0·05), length of stay (P < 0·05) and complications (P < 0·05) when compared to non‐anaemic patients. The orthopaedic unit was the best performing in key areas of patient blood management. The orthopaedic unit successfully treated 44% of patients with anaemia, which was more than urology (33%; P < 0·05), colorectal (25%; P < 0·05) and hepatobiliary (0%; P < 0·05).ConclusionThe orthopaedic unit has the most effective method for treating preoperative anaemia. We recommend that a hospital‐wide patient blood management system be modelled from the current orthopaedic system and address specific barriers identified within each unit.
Donor deferral and return patterns – a South African perspective
Authors: Glatt Tanya Nadia , Swanevelder Ronel , Prithvi Raj Siemi , Mitchel Josephine , van den Berg Karin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDonor eligibility assessment and subsequent return after deferral are key in maintaining an adequate and safe blood supply. Eligibility criteria should be reviewed regularly to ensure regional relevance and impact on donor deferral and return. Large‐scale studies investigating donor deferral and return in Africa are currently lacking.Study design and methodsOperationally collected blood donation data on whole blood donations at the South African National Blood Service during the five years from January 2015 to December 2019 were extracted and analysed. Separate multivariable logistic regression models for factors associated with donor deferral and donor return were developed.ResultsOf the 5 068 638 donor presentations, 869 840 (17·2%) resulted in deferral of which out of range haemoglobin was most common (45·9%). New (aOR 3·99; 95% CI 3·97–4·01), female (aOR 2·51; 95% CI 2·50–2·53) and Black African (aOR 1·90; 95% CI 1·89–1·91) donors had greater odds of being deferred compared to Repeat, male and White donors, respectively. Of the donors deferred during 2015–2018, 328 306 (47·2%) returned within 12 months. Odds of returning increased with increasing age. Lower odds of return were noted among female (aOR 0·82; 95% CI 0·81–0·83) and Black African (aOR 0·75; 95% CI 0·74–0·76) donors.ConclusionWe confirmed high proportions of deferral among SANBS donors with almost half returning within 12 month. Donor deferral and return patterns differed significantly by donor characteristics, the latter also by deferral indication. Further understanding the interaction between haemoglobin deferral and changing donor demographics may assist in refining eligibility criteria and recruitment efforts.