bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel air plasma electrolysis with direct air injection in plasma zone to produce nitrate in degradation of organic textile dye
Authors: Farawan Bening , Yusharyahya Riedo Devara , Gozan Misri , Saksono Nelson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plants. Even though its availability in the air is abundant, it cannot be utilized yet due to its structure. Plasma electrolysis by air injection is effectively degrade organic textile dyes waste. In this study we propose a novel air plasma electrolysis (APE) where direct air injection into plasma zone inside electrolysis plasma can converts air into nitrate, while simultaneously the degradation of dyes waste produces organic nitrogen. Degradation of organic textile dye by APE can also transform nitrogen‐rich organic wastewater into nitrogen fertilizers. In this experiment, Remazol red as a compound in the azo dye group was used as a model for organic textile dye wastewater. Air plasma electrolysis reactor equipped with a stainless‐steel cathode, a tungsten anode, with various air injection rates and electric power. The results show 99.82% Remazol red degradation and 41.41 mmol of nitrate production. Preliminary efficacy tests on tomato plants showed that the nitrogen fertilizers produced from Remazol red produce the best plant growth. This study shows that APE simultaneously reduces organic textile dye waste, transforms them into potential organic fertilizer, and at the same time, synthesizes nitrates.
Numerical and asymptotic study of heat source/sink using Maxwell fluid near nonaxisymmetric Homann stagnation‐point flow
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Jagwal Muhammad R. , Ahmad Iftikhar , Sadiq Muhammad N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript, heat transfer analysis of a nonaxisymmetric Homann stagnation‐point flow of a Maxwell fluid is performed using a heat source and sink. The governed system of partial equations is reduced to the system of ordinary equations by employing the similarity variables. The numerical and asymptotic results are computed by employing the shooting technique. The effects of various parameters are analyzed on velocity and temperature profiles. Numerical results for skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are computed for different involved parameters. The sound effects of ( is the shear rate and is strain rate) are examined for different profiles over . Solutions for diverse values of heat source/sink parameter , Deborah number , and are obtained. Local Nusselt number and wall shear stress parameter are compared with their large‐ asymptotic behavior. It is found through analysis that the heat transfer rate increases for Deborah and Prandtl number . However, the addition of a source declines the heat transfer rate, whereas the sink enhances the heat transfer rate. However, the temperature of the fluid decreases as and increase. Meanwhile, the temperature of the fluid increases as increases.
Toll‐like receptors in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alcohol‐induced brain damage
Authors: Pascual María , Calvo‐Rodriguez Maria , Núñez Lucía , Villalobos Carlos , Ureña Juan , Guerri Consuelo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) or pattern recognition receptors respond to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or internal damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are integral membrane proteins with both extracellular leucine‐rich and cytoplasmic domains that initiate downstream signaling through kinases by activating transcription factors like AP‐1 and NF‐κB, which lead to the release of various inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators. In the central nervous system, different TLRs are expressed mainly in microglia and astroglial cells, although some TLRs are also expressed in oligodendroglia and neurons. Activation of TLRs triggers signaling cascades by the host as a defense mechanism against invaders to repair damaged tissue. However, overactivation of TLRs disrupts the sustained immune homeostasis‐induced production of pro‐inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, miRNAs, and inflammatory components of extracellular vesicles. These inflammatory mediators can, in turn, induce neuroinflammation, and neural tissue damage associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the critical role of TLRs response in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and alcohol‐induced brain damage and neurodegeneration.
Multivariate fractional integration tests allowing for conditional heteroskedasticity with an application to return volatility and trading volume
Authors: Balboa Marina , Rodrigues Paulo M. M. , Rubia Antonio , Taylor A. M. Robert 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWe introduce a new joint test for the order of fractional integration of a multivariate fractionally integrated vector autoregressive (FIVAR) time series based on applying the Lagrange multiplier principle to a feasible generalised least squares estimate of the FIVAR model obtained under the null hypothesis. A key feature of the test we propose is that it is constructed using a heteroskedasticity‐robust estimate of the variance matrix. As a result, the test has a standardχ2limiting null distribution under considerably weaker conditions on the innovations than are permitted in the extant literature. Specifically, we allow the innovations driving the FIVAR model to follow a vector martingale difference sequence allowing for both serial and cross‐sectional dependence in the conditional second‐order moments. We also do not constrain the order of fractional integration of each element of the series to lie in a particular region, thereby allowing for both stationary and non‐stationary dynamics, nor do we assume any particular distribution for the innovations. A Monte Carlo study demonstrates that our proposed tests avoid the large oversizing problems seen with extant tests when conditional heteroskedasticity is present in the data. We report an empirical case study for a sample of major US stocks investigating the order of fractional integration in trading volume and different measures of volatility in returns, including realised variance. Our results suggest that both return volatility and trading volume are fractionally integrated, but with the former generally found to be more persistent (having a higher fractional exponent) than the latter, when more reliable proxies for volatility such as the range or realised variance are used.
Immunoadsorption in a dog with severe immune mediated hemolytic anemia
Authors: Richter Petra , Fischer Hendryk , Dörfelt René 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a life‐threatening disease with severe, acute hemolysis as a result of an autoimmune response directed against erythrocyte surface antigens. In veterinary medicine, IMHA is usually treated with immunosuppressants and often multiple blood transfusions. In human medicine, immunoadsorption (IA) is an established therapy for antibody removal in immune‐mediated diseases. A female, spayed, five‐year‐old, 28 kg Entlebucher Mountain dog was presented with regenerative anemia and positive autoagglutination diagnosed as immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia to the veterinary emergency service. Conventional treatment consisting immunosuppression with prednisolone and mycophenolate failed to improve hemolysis. As hematocrit dropped daily, multiple blood transfusions of blood group DEA 1 negative were required. IA was initiated at day 3 with COM.TEC and ADAsorb platforms and a LIGASORBstaphylococcus antitoxin A column. IA with citrate anticoagulation was performed over the treatment time of 77 minutes with a blood flow of 50 mL/min. Total plasma volume of 1.6 L was processed. Complications consisted of vomitus and lid swelling, shivering, excessive clotting in the tubing after a calcium bolus and hypotension. After IA, hemolysis stopped immediately, plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M and bilirubin decreased, and hematocrit remained stable. The dog was discharged without further hemolysis 4 days after immunoadsorption with immunosuppressive therapy. IA is a promising adjunctive therapy in severe cases of canine IMHA, but it cannot be concluded to which degree IA or concurrent immunosuppression contributed to cessation of hemolysis in the present case.
A risk score based on procalcitonin for predicting acute kidney injury in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Wang Ruo Ran , He Min , Kang Yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported developing commonly in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients and could increase the risk of poor outcomes in these patients. We design this study to explore the value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) on predicting AKI and construct risk score for predicting AKI in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsPatients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and hospitalized in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between January 30 and February 24, 2020, were included. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to identify the strongest predictors of AKI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to find independent risk factors for AKI and construct risk score using odds ratio (OR) value of those risk factors. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were plotted, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was calculated to evaluate the predictive value of single PCT level and the constructed risk score.ResultsAmong 389 included COVID‐19 patients, 28 (7.2%) patients developed AKI. LASSO regression showed hypertension, saturation of arterial oxygen (SaO2), PCT, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were the strongest predictors for AKI. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, only SaO2 (<0.001), PCT (p = 0.004), and BUN (p = 0.005) were independently associated with development of AKI in COVID‐19 patients. The AUC of single PCT and constructed risk score was 0. 881 and 0.928, respectively.ConclusionPCT level is correlated with AKI in COVID‐19 patients. The efficient risk score consisted of SaO2, PCT, and BUN is readily accessible for physicians to evaluate the possibility of AKI in COVID‐19 patients.
Incident reporting among physicians‐in‐training in Japan: A national survey
Authors: Kurihara Masaru , Nagao Yoshimasa , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncident reporting can inform hospital safety. However, under‐reporting is preventing this.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide survey among Japanese physicians‐in‐training by including a questionnaire in the General Medicine In‐Training Examination to assess incident reporting behavior and participation in patient safety lectures.ResultsResponses of 6,164 physicians‐in‐training indicated that although 78% had attended patient safety lectures, 44% had not submitted an incident report in the previous year and 40.6% did not know how to submit an incident report.ConclusionsThe discrepancy between attendance at safety courses and incident reporting behavior must be addressed to improve hospital safety.
Comparative study of three fingerprint analytical approaches based on spectroscopic sensors and chemometrics for the detection and quantification of argan oil adulteration
Authors: El Orche Aimen , Elhamdaoui Omar , Cheikh Amine , Zoukeni Brahim , El Karbane Miloud , Mbarki Mohamed , Bouatia Mustapha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDArgan oil is one of the purest and rarest oils in the world, so that the addition of any further product is strictly prohibited by international regulations. Consequently, it is necessary to establish reliable analytical methods to ensure its authenticity. In this study, three multivariate approaches have been developed and validated using fluorescence, UV–visible, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform mid‐infrared (FT‐MIR) spectroscopies.RESULTSThe application of a partial least squares discriminant analysis model showed an accuracy of 100%. The quantification of adulteration have been evaluated using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The PLS model developed from fluorescence spectroscopy provided the best results for the calibration and cross‐validation sets, as it showed the highest R2 (0.99) and the lowest root mean square error of calibration and cross‐validation (0.55, 0.79). The external validation of the three multivariate approaches by the accuracy profile shows that these approaches guarantee reliable and valid results of 0.5–32%, 7–32%, and 10–32% using fluorescence, FT‐MIR and UV–visible spectroscopies respectively.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed the feasibility of using spectroscopic sensors (routine technique) for rapid determination of argan oil falsification. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of global uncertainty on international arrivals by purpose of visits and length of stay
Authors: Gozgor Giray , Seetaram Neelu , Lau Chi Keung Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of economic and political uncertainties on tourism demand using the ‘World Uncertainty Index’ (WUI). This index is more a sophisticated and reliable measure of global uncertainty than previous indices used by the literature. The findings show that uncertainty shocks affect travels for business, holidays, and visiting friends/relatives purposes negatively. It is statistically significant for duration of stay of 1 week to less than one month in Australia. This effect dissipates for longer stays. This study provides insightful information to destinations on how consumers adjust their behaviour during period of political and economic uncertainty.
The effects of spirituality on visitor behavior: A cognitive‐affective‐conative model
Authors: Kim Bona , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study applies the cognitive‐affective‐conative (CAC) model to develop an analytical framework of visitor experience with a sacred site. Furthermore, the framework that contains key variables of visitor experience, particularly spirituality, is tested in both senior and non‐senior groups. Since seniors and non‐seniors would behave differently with regard to spirituality, this analysis allows us to further identify the role of spirituality in visitor behavior especially with regard to a sacred destination. The results show that spirituality is crucial in associating individuals' emotional status with their behavior, eventually leading to a change in individuals' life satisfaction and loyalty in pilgrimage experience.
Retrospective Single‐Center Comparative Analysis of Ultrasound‐Guided Versus Non‐ultrasound‐Guided Nerve Blocks in Extremity Surgeries
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Feng , Zhang Li , Li Yong , Huo Yong‐Xin , Wang Hui , Wang Lei , Wang Bao‐Cang 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesAlthough ultrasound‐guided peripheral nerve blocks have become increasingly popular, it is arguable at present whether ultrasound guidance is a necessary tool for peripheral nerve blocks. The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of ultrasound‐guided peripheral nerve blocks in reducing complications.MethodsFrom January 2013 to January 2019, 17,823 patients who underwent peripheral nerve blocks with/without ultrasound guidance were reviewed, recording data on their age, sex, height, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists, block type, operation type, operation duration, and complications. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 9372 cases with ultrasound guidance (US Group) and 8451 cases without ultrasound guidance (No‐US Group). To control selection bias, a total of 16,236 patients were finally included in this study after 1:1 propensity score matching, including 8118 cases in the US Group and 8118 cases in the No‐US Group. Outcome measures included local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), nerve injury, incomplete block anesthesia (IBA), local hematoma, and infection at the block site.ResultsBaseline characteristics of patients were similar between the two groups (P >.05, respectively). Our study revealed that the incidence of infection was similar between the two groups (P >.05). However, the incidences of LAST, nerve injury, IBA, and local hematoma in the US Group were significantly lower than those in the No‐US Group (P <.05, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ultrasound‐guided peripheral nerve blocks are associated with fewer complications and higher success rates, compared with the paresthesia approach.
Lateral neck multilevel fine‐needle aspiration cytology and thyroglobulin estimation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Song Yuntao , Xu Guohui , Wang Tianxiao , Zhang Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound‐guided multilevel fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and thyroglobulin (Tg) estimation in mapping metastatic levels in the lateral neck, in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsPatients with PTC clinically metastasizing to the lateral neck who were initially treated at the Peking University Cancer Hospital from June 2018 to September 2020 were included. FNA was performed preoperatively in each suspicious neck level; cytological examination (FNA‐C) and Tg measurement of the needle‐washout fluid (FNA‐Tg) were combined to determine metastasis. FNA‐Tg cutoff value was calculated, and the accuracy of FNA at different levels were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 111 patients underwent 124 lymph node dissections. The best cutoff value of FNA‐Tg for the diagnosis of metastatic level was 1.0 ng/mL. Multilevel FNA showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in predicting single‐level metastasis of 100%, 61.0%, 43.9%, and 100%, respectively. In 64 (51.6%) cases, the involved levels diagnosed by FNA were consistent with that diagnosed by postoperative pathology.ConclusionFNA‐Tg improves the diagnostic performance of FNA‐C in lateral neck lymph node metastases. However, limited accuracy was obtained for preoperative multilevel FNA in predicting the extent of metastasis in the lateral compartment.
Microscopic Deformation Behavior and Crack Resistance Mechanism of Core–Shell Structures in Highly‐Toughened PP/PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA Ternary Blends
Authors: Mehrabi‐Mazidi Majid , Razavi‐Aghjeh Mir Karim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHighly‐toughened blends, comprising polypropylene, polyamide 6, and maleic anhydride‐grafted ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer rubber (PP/PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA), of core–shell morphology are prepared and impact of microstructural development, at different PA6:EPDM‐g‐MA weight ratios (fixed at 30 wt%), on macroscopic mechanical and fracture characteristics of blends is studied through in‐depth analysis of micromechanical deformations operating in the blends. The role of dispersion state of modifier domains on nucleation and evolution of various microscopic deformations accompanying the fracture process under impact and quasi‐static fracture tests is closely examined. Increase in EPDM‐g‐MA:PA6 ratio develops agglomerated core–shell domains in the form of extended island‐like structures. While impact data show significant synergistic toughening effect of dispersed composite domains in ternary blends compared with PP/EPDM‐g‐MA (70/30) binary blend, fracture works show a sole dependence on rubbery fraction. Fractography examinations reveal deformation of dispersed domains, development of multiple voids, and highly deformed craze‐like void‐fibrillar structures within core–shell structures as well as at their interfaces with surrounding matrix. The importance of deformation zones in activation and promotion of matrix shear yielding is clarified, while their function as crack nucleation and subsequent crack propagation trajectories is highlighted. The stability of void‐fibrillar zones is found essential for extensive plastic deformation and premature failure prevention.
Metabolic profiling analysis of the vitamin B12 producer Propionibacterium freudenreichii
Authors: Liu Jiao , Liu Yongfei , Wu Jie , Fang Huan , Jin Zhaoxia , Zhang Dawei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVitamin B12 (VB12) is an indispensable cofactor of metabolic enzymes and has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the effects of medium composition on VB12 production by Propionibacterium freudenreichii were evaluated and optimized based on statistical experiments. The results showed that glucose, yeast extract, KH2PO4, and glycine have significant effects on VB12 production. The final titer of VB12 reached 8.32 ± 0.02 mg/L, representing a 120% increase over the non‐optimized culture medium. We employed a metabolomics approach to analyze the differences of metabolite concentrations in P. freudenreichii cells cultivated in the original medium and optimized fermentation medium. Using multivariate data analysis, we identified a range of correlated metabolites, illustrating how metabolomics can be used to explain VB12 production changes by corresponding differences in the overall cellular metabolism. The concentrations of many metabolic intermediates of glycolysis, the Wood–Werkman cycle, the TCA cycle, and amino acid metabolism were increased, which contributed to the synthesis of propionic acid and VB12 due to an improved supply of energy and precursors.
Crowdsourced logistics: The pickup and delivery problem with transshipments and occasional drivers
Authors: Voigt Stefan , Kuhn Heinrich 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article considers a setting in which a courier, express, and parcel service provider operates a fleet of vehicles with regular drivers (RDs) to ship parcels from pickup to delivery points. Additionally, the company uses a platform where occasional drivers (ODs) offer their willingness to take on requests that are on or near the route they had originally planned. There exist transshipment points (TPs) to better integrate these ODs. ODs or RDs may transfer load at these predetermined TPs. The problem is modeled as a mixed‐integer programming model and called pickup and delivery problem with transshipments and occasional drivers (PDPTOD). We develop a solution approach based on an adaptive large neighborhood search. The article provides insights on how the number and location of TPs impact the cost advantages achieved by integrating ODs. It also shows that the cost savings are highly sensitive to the assumed flexibility and compensation scheme.