bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive bidirectional extracellular electron transfer during accelerated microbiologically influenced corrosion of stainless steel
Authors: Li Ziyu , Chang Weiwei , Cui Tianyu , Xu Dake , Zhang Dawei , Lou Yuntian , Qian Hongchang , Song Hao , Mol Arjan , Cao Fahe , Gu Tingyue , Li Xiaogang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrobiologically influenced corrosion of metals is prevalent in both natural and industrial environments, causing enormous structural damage and economic loss. Exactly how microbes influence corrosion remains controversial. Here, we show that the pitting corrosion of stainless steel is accelerated in the presence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm by extracellular electron transfer between the bacterial cells and the steel electrode, mediated by a riboflavin electron shuttle. From pitting measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky analyses, the addition of an increased amount of riboflavin is found to induce a more defective passive film on the stainless steel. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that enhanced bioanodic and biocathodic process can both promote the corrosion of the stainless steel. Using in situ scanning electrochemical microscopy, we observe that extracellular electron transfer between the bacterium and the stainless steel is bidirectional in nature and switchable depending on the passive or active state of the steel surface.
Photoacclimation by phytoplankton determines the distribution of global subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the ocean
Authors: Masuda Yoshio , Yamanaka Yasuhiro , Smith Sherwood Lan , Hirata Takafumi , Nakano Hideyuki , Oka Akira , Sumata Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSubsurface chlorophyll maxima are widely observed in the ocean, and they often occur at greater depths than maximum phytoplankton biomass. However, a consistent mechanistic explanation for their distribution in the global ocean remains lacking. One possible mechanism is photoacclimation, whereby phytoplankton adjust their cellular chlorophyll content in response to environmental conditions. Here, we incorporate optimality-based photoacclimation theory based on resource allocation trade-off between nutrient uptake and light harvesting capacity into a 3D biogeochemical ocean circulation model to determine the influence of resource allocation strategy on phytoplankton chlorophyll to carbon ratio distributions. We find that photoacclimation is a common driving mechanism that consistently explains observed global scale patterns in the depth and intensity of subsurface chlorophyll maxima across ocean regions. This mechanistic link between cellular-scale physiological responses and the global scale chlorophyll distribution can inform interpretation of ocean observations and projections of phytoplankton responses to climate change.
Photoredox initiated azole-nucleophilic addition: oxo-azolation ofgem-difluoroalkenes
Authors: Wu Xing , Ma Guojian , Peng Xichao , Ning Zuozhou , Lin Zirun , Chen Xiaoguang , Tang Yu , Feng Pengju 
Published: June 2021

A protocol for photoredox initiated oxo-azolation of gem-difluoroalkenes has been demonstrated. The strategy offers a facile access to a series of synthetically useful azolated difluoroacetonarenes and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
Oort cloud Ecology
Authors: Portegies Zwart Simon , Torres Santiago , Cai Maxwell X. , Brown Anthony G. A. 
Published: June 2021

Jan Hendrik Oort hypothesized the existence of a distant cloud of cometary objects that orbit the Sun based on a spike in the reciprocal orbital separation at 1∕a ≲ 10−4au−1. The Oort cloud is the source of long-period comets, but has not been observed directly, and its origin remains theoretical. Theories on its origin evoke a sequence of events that have been tested individually but never as a consistent chronology. We present a chronology of the formation and early evolution of the Oort cloud, and test the sequence of events by simulating the formation process in subsequent amalgamated steps. These simulations start with the Solar System being born with planets and asteroids in a stellar cluster orbiting the Galactic center. Upon ejection from its birth environment, we continue to follow the evolution of the Solar System while it navigates the Galaxy as an isolated planetary system. We conclude that the range in semi-major axis between ~100 au and several ~103au still bears the signatures of the Sun being born in a ≳1000M⊙pc−3star cluster, and that most of the outer Oort cloud formed after the Solar System was ejected. The ejection of the Solar System, we argue, happened between ~20 Myr and 50 Myr after its birth. Trailing and leading trails of asteroids and comets along the Sun’s orbit in the Galactic potential are the by-product of the formation of the Oort cloud. These arms are composed of material that became unbound from the Solar System when the Oort cloud formed. Today, the bulk of the material in the Oort cloud (~70%) originates from the region in the circumstellar disk that was located between ~15 au and ~35 au, near the current location of the ice giants and the Centaur family of asteroids. According to our simulations, this population is eradicated if the ice-giant planets are born in orbital resonance. Planet migration or chaotic orbital reorganization occurring while the Solar System is still a cluster member is, according to our model, inconsistent with the presence of the Oort cloud. About half the inner Oort cloud, between 100 and 104au, and a quarter of the material in the outer Oort cloud, ≳104au, could be non-native to the Solar System but was captured from free-floating debris in the cluster or from the circumstellar disks of other stars in the birth cluster. Characterizing this population will help us to reconstruct the history of the Solar System.
Die phreno-oesophageale Membran
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDer Ösophagus steht unter Längszugspannung und muss im unteren Bereich fixiert werden. Außerdem muss auch eine gleitende Verschieblichkeit des Ösophagus für den Transport des Speisebreis möglich sein. Das geschieht im Hiatus oesophageus mithilfe der Faszien, die auf und unter dem Zwerchfell angeheftet sind (Fascia phrenopleuralis und Fascia diaphragmatica inferior). Man spricht hier auch von einem doppelten Faszientrichter oder der phreno-oesophagealen Membran.
Comparison between Conventional Unenhanced and Virtual Unenhanced Imaging of Hepatopancreaticobiliary System with Third-Generation Dual-Source Dual-Energy CT—An Observational Study
Authors: Selvaraj Swathigha , Niyas N.P. , Renganathan Rupa , Ramasamy Rajkumar , Anandan Rinoy Ram , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Cherian Mathew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aims of our study were to assess the comparability of conventional unenhanced images (CUIs) of hepatopancreaticobiliary system with virtual unenhanced images (VUIs) derived from arterial and portal venous phases acquired in a third-generation, dual-source, dual-energy CT (DECT), and also to assess the best dataset among these VUIs. We also calculated the radiation effective dose (ED) reduction by eliminating noncontrast acquisition.
Materials and Methods 60 patients were included in our study. Unenhanced images in single energy and contrast-enhanced images in dual-energy mode were acquired. Arterial virtual unenhanced (AVU) and portal virtual unenhanced (PVU) images were generated and compared with CUI, using both objective and subjective methods. The ED was calculated separately for each phase. Statistical significance between difference in mean attenuation values were analyzed using ANOVA and unpaired student t-test.
Results In our study, the difference in mean attenuation of liver, spleen, and pancreas between the three phases—CU, AVU, and PVU—were insignificant with p-value > 0.05. This indicates that the values were comparable. Among the VUI, AVU images were statistically superior in image quality. Elimination of noncontrast CT from triple phase abdominal imaging can achieve an average ED reduction of 39%.
Conclusions We conclude that VUI generated in third-generation, dual-source DECT has diagnostic image quality and can replace the CUI in triple-phase studies, with a mean ED reduction by 39%. The VUI obtained from arterial phase is superior to those obtained from portal venous phase.
Surgical Management with Self-Locking Pins and Circumferential Wiring for Treating Comminuted Patella Fractures Achieved Seiza-Style Sitting
Authors: Kizaki Kazuha , Uchida Soshi , Funakoshi Noboru , Mori Daisuke , Nakai Ryosuke , Yamashita Fumiharu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurgical fixation of comminuted patella fractures is technically challenging. Despite the fact that tension band wiring or screw fixation are the most common surgical procedures, these surgical techniques have crucial limitations for laterally scattered fragments. We demonstrate two cases with comminuted patella fractures undergoing surgical fixation with self-locking pin and circumferential wiring, confirming the rigid fixation achieving deep knee flexion. After midline longitudinal skin incision, 2.0 mm stainless pins (AiMedic MMT, Tokyo, Japan) were inserted radially to penetrate each fragment and 1.2 mm stainless wire was circumferentially looped and self-locked in the holes on the pins, which satisfied rigid fixation. Any restrictions in range of motion and weight bearing were required postoperatively and 3- to 6-month postoperative cares achieved seiza-style sitting with deep knee flexion.
Red shape, blue shape: political ideology influences the social perception of body shape
Authors: Quirós-Ramírez María Alejandra , Streuber Stephan , Black Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolitical elections have a profound impact on individuals and societies. Optimal voting is thought to be based on informed and deliberate decisions yet, it has been demonstrated that the outcomes of political elections are biased by the perception of candidates’ facial features and the stereotypical traits voters attribute to these. Interestingly, political identification changes the attribution of stereotypical traits from facial features. This study explores whether the perception of body shape elicits similar effects on political trait attribution and whether these associations can be visualized. In Experiment 1, ratings of 3D body shapes were used to model the relationship between perception of 3D body shape and the attribution of political traits such as ‘Republican’, ‘Democrat’, or ‘Leader’. This allowed analyzing and visualizing the mental representations of stereotypical 3D body shapes associated with each political trait. Experiment 2 was designed to test whether political identification of the raters affected the attribution of political traits to different types of body shapes. The results show that humans attribute political traits to the same body shapes differently depending on their own political preference. These findings show that our judgments of others are influenced by their body shape and our own political views. Such judgments have potential political and societal implications.
Battle for legitimacy: revisiting autochthony and (re)invented authority in Zimbabwe’s resettlement areas
Authors: Mwandiringana Edmore , Ye Jingzhong 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examines the intersection of autochthony and (re)invented claims of authority in Zimbabwe’s resettlement areas, exploring how traditional leaders and war veterans battle for legitimacy in the resettlement areas. It argues that despite the general view that chiefs are recognised by everyone in the rural areas, their legitimacy is being challenged and in some cases with the use of violence. Although chiefs are recognised as the legitimate leaders in some resettlement areas, this study shows that their authority is being challenged in Insiza District’s resettlement area, covering Mpalawani, Gwamanyanga, Mpopoti and Lambamayi. The study also highlights how different people define autochthony, tradition and belonging in Zimbabwe’s resettled areas.
Determine Shear wave velocities and Elasto-Dynamic properties for Nassiriya Refinery project in Thi qar Governorate- Nassiriya District- South of Iraq
Authors: Fakher Ahmed Jalal , Hassan Ahmed Salman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Four seismic refraction profiles for both compressional (P) and shear (S) waves had been surveyed within Nassiriya District/Thi Qar Governorate, South of Iraq, by the use of two impacts; normal and reverse shootings. This technique was done in order to delineate depths and thicknesses of the layers (soils) also elastic modulus were calculated for Knowledge a nature of the area soil to build engineering facilities. The calculations demonstrate that there are three shallow subsurface layers were found. The average of velocities and thicknesses of the first layer are equal to 645.95, 271.6 m/sec and 4.75 m, and for the second one 1130.55, 506 m/sec and 4.5m. and for the third one are 1666.6, 714 m/sec and 12.for each P and S-waves respectively. Moreover, Site engineering information including geotechnical properties were also measured and analyzed to enhance the main targets of this study, where the mean dynamic elastic constants were ranged between {κ=(597.92-4376.06) Mpa, μ=(138.31-1063.43) Mpa, E=(385.23-2951.24) Mpa and, σ=(0.39-0.38)}.
Novel method for determination of Zinc in some pharmaceutics using new prepared reagent of methyl phenol
Authors: Ali Shihad Arshed A. , Hessoon Haider M. , Karam Faiq F. , Al-Adilee Khalid J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work studied the amalgamation and portrayal of another Azo-Schiff base ligand and its utilization of zinc in certain medications. Azo 2-(E)- (1H-benzo[d]Imidazol-2-yl)diazenyl)- 5-((E)- (4-Chlorophenylimino)methyl)phenol.(BIACMebp) has been incorporated after the closely resembling system and Al-Adilee et.al., with some adjustment in a two-venture measure, in the initial step, 2-Amino benzimidazole (1.33 g) was blended in with hydrochloric corrosive 3ml In (thirty mL) refined water and diazotized under 5 °C with sodium nitrite NaNO2 (0.75 gm,0.01mol, broke up in 20 ml refined water) was included drops, and in the next step the diazonium chloride compound is then combined with 3-(4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)phenol(CBAP) (2.31 gm,0.01 mol), disintegrated in combination from 60 ml ethanol and 18 ml sodium hydroxide(5%) Pour the blend for 1 hour at a temperature of 5-0 m. The readied azo where inspected by various phantom procedure in wording, C.H.N natural investigations, metal substance, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR and mass spectra contemplates. The metal ligand proportion (M:L) in alcoholic watery arrangements controlled by mole proportion methodand it demonstrates 1:1 for the complex. Additionally, the strength constants for the complex with zinc has been determined frightfully by UV-Vis technique. All outcomes show this complex has high strength. The systematic applications have been achieved in medication (zinc sulfat) for several companies (zincodin (Aktive) 25 mg, Zinc (Kontam) 35 mg, Zinc Sulfate (Jink.) 20 mg.
Removal of Cadmium(II) ion from aqueous solutions by the outer layer of Onion
Authors: El-Ajaily Marei M. , Alhaj Hania B. , Erdeni Abid A. , Al-Noor Taghreed H. , Al-Mabrouk Sami H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cadmium element is one of the group IIB and classified as heavy metal and effects on human health and environment. The present work concerns with the biosorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution using the outer layer of onions. Adsorption of the used ions was found to be pH dependent and maximum removal of the ions by outer layer of onions and was found to be 99.7%.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Heterocyclic Azo-Schiff Base Ligand derived from 2-Amino-5-methyl thiazol and some Transition Metal Ions
Authors: Al-Adilee Khalid Jawad , Hasan Sarah Riyadh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A new dye with a, heterocyclic azo-Schiff base has been produced,. synthesized is being studied 5-(((E)-4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-2-((E)-(5-methylthiazol-2-yl)diazenyl) phenol (LH) fromareaction of 2-amino-5-methyl thiazole with (dimethylamino) benzaldehyde, 3-amino phenol. Azo-Schiff base ligand reacted and including some metal ions, such as Fe(II), Co (III), Ni(II) forming chelates complex. They characterized by various analytical techniques like UV-Visb, H1-NMR, 13C- NMR spectroscopic, Molar conductance, FT-IR, Mass spectra, X-ray and FESEM elemental analysis also, The mole ratio, according to spectral tests, is [M:L] for complexes was [1:2].. This study also included the biological activity in the case of sensitive species Antibacterials include Escherichia coli (gram negative), Streptococcus (gram positive), and Penicillium (fungal)..It has been noticed that some complexes are very effective against. Azo ligand and Co(III) Complex show cytotoxis action against human Breast cancer cell line. The findings suggested that it could be used as an anti-cancer drug in medicine and pharmacy.
Determination of the levels of lead and cadmium in canned fish and meat, imported to the local markets of Diyala Province, Iraq
Authors: Hussein S.A. , Rathi M.H. , Kadhim T.J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Food of animal origin is among those products that provide many important nutrients. The food industry employs numerous technologies which allow manufacturing of products with diversified shelf life. The objective of the study was to determine the contents of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in 49 samples of canned fish and meat from different brands by using the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS).It was found that the highest mean of lead in canned fish was 0.2294 ± 0.00014mg/kg, while the lowest mean was 0.0214 ± 0.00049mg/kg, the highest mean of cadmium in canned fish was 0.2322 ± 0.00686 mg/kg and the lowest was 0.1170 ± 0.00021 mg/kg. The highest mean of lead in chicken and beef meat and was 0.2454±0.03486 mg/kg, while the lowest mean was 0.0217 ± 0.00057 mg/kg. For cadmium, the highest mean in chicken and beef meats was 0.3091 ± 0.00014 mg/kg and the lowest was 0.1214 ± 0.00021 mg/kg. The statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (p≤0.05) between the studied samples for each element. Lead values in the tested samples varied between values above the acceptable limits recommended by the WHO or within the global limits, while the cadmium values for all tested samples exceeded the acceptable limits adopted by the WHO.
Molecular detection of Quinolone Resistant-Salmonella isolates from poultry farms in Al- kut, IRAQ.
Authors: Al-Safi Zaid Hasan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current study included collecting clocae samples from poultry within Wasit Governorate’s farms. It aimed to isolate salmonella from broiler chickens and to determine the pattern of resistance to antimicrobial drug besides to detect of Quinolone Resistance genes. The results showed isolation of (3) types of Salmonella (s. gallinarum s.typhimurium, s.enteritidis). The highest percentage of resistance isolates to tested antibiotics (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin) depending on disc diffusion test, were as follow (81%), (78.26) and (91.66%)respectively. The remaining small percentage of the isolates were sensitive to all quinolones. On the other hand, The results of the molecular diagnostics that were conducted found that all antibiotic-resistant strains contain qnr B and iaa (6) ib gene.
Soil Properties and Influencing in citrus Agriculture in Husseinieh district
Authors: Al-Taei Alaa J , Al-Zamili Ayed J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soils different in the study area accordingly on its location change, as the natural ingredients lead Such In determining the characteristics of it soils and drawing their features and the possibility of using them in various agricultural activities, The search included a study and analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of soil in Al-Husayniyah district, northeast of Karbala Governorate, by (24) samples and for (12) sites. To know the changes in its physical properties represented in soil texture, soil moisture and temperature, as for its chemical properties, it was represented by SOM, pH and EC. Results of the search showed that the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the study area are suitable for Agriculture citrus fruits, the soil was characterized by a texture that ranged from Sand Loamy and Sandy loam and sandy, which made it good and the movement of air and water was relatively more good, allowing the roots of plants to penetrate through it, In addition to soil moisture, moderate temperature and low salinity their rates are less than 4 dS.m-1 as such, it is considered a low-salinity soil, which encouraged the prosperity of cultivating citrus trees in the Al-Husseiniya district.
Kinetic Study of removal Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Aqueous Solutions on synthesized CH-g-P(AAc-co-Am)
Authors: Hussain Namer A. , Jasim Layth S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The research contains the preparation of Cross-linking Hydrogel (Chitosan-g-poly (AA – Co – Am)). The way polymerization of the free radicals via utilizing the potassium persulfate as the initiator for the reaction, too with N, N’-methylene bis-acrylamide (NMBA)as a cross-linking agent The mixture gets treated via Acrylamide that includes The adsorption time was 120 mint. The adsorption was proved via utilizing the FESEM and FTIR analysis and analysis TEM And knowing the surface roughness AFM. Also, TGA appears that the hydrogel is stable at high temperatures. The kinetics parameter Study of the Hydrogel was performed via utilizing the Zinc oxide applies to the adsorption from the Pseudo-second order model Because (R2) an approximation of the correct one.
Suitability of Groundwater in Al-Qaim Area/West of Iraq for different life uses
Authors: Alsalmani Mohamed H. , Al-Shama’a Aysser M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A total of twenty wells were studied in Al-Qaim region in the western part of Iraq. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate, evaluate and specify adequacy of the hydrochemistry properties of groundwater and its suitability for different uses. The studied area is located between latitude (34 16 52 5-34 21 56 41 1 15 -41 8 16.5) east. The obtained results are gain through a constant procedure started from field tours as a first step and ending with recorded results from laboratory analysis. The results explained the changing between dry and wet periods which provide a noticeable increasing for dry analysis comparing with wet one. Physical properties which include pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity and TDS were computed to show increasing in dry period by (12.78, 5.01, 7.34 and 14.27) % for T, pH, TDS and EC respectively. On the other hand, chemical properties which include cations (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ and K+) and anions (Cl−, SO4
2- and HCO3
−) were calculated to show increasing in dry period by (6.40, 7.87, 13.03 and 16.32) % for (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ and K+) respectively and (5.30, 4.28 and 5.74) for (Cl−, SO4
2- and HCO3
−) respectively. From obtained results, it is worth mentioning that the groundwater in the studied area is adequate for livestock, building, agricultural and irrigation purposes and not adequate for drinking and industrial purposes.
Effect of Cu doping ZrO2Thin films on physical properties grown by spray pyrolysis deposition
Authors: Habubi Nadir F , Abdulmunem Oday M , Shaban Zina M , Agool Ibrahim R , Dawood Mohammed O , Chiad Sami S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractZirconium oxide (ZrO2) and Cu doped ZrO2films were grown successfully by spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD). The structural, surface morphology and optical properties were analyzed. XRD patterns reveal films polycrystallinity and monoclinic phase intensity of ZrO2with preferred orientation along M (111) plane increasing with increasing doping. The grain size was found to increase from 25 nm to 29.83 nm with increase in Cu doping. AFM images assure that films were nanostructure and the surface morphology and roughness depend on doping concentration. The optical bandgap energy decreases from 3.2 to 2.6 eV with increasing doping concentration.