bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of patient- and clinician-reported outcome measures in lower back rehabilitation: introducing a new integrated performance measure (t2D)
Authors: Zdravkovic Andrej , Grote Vincent , Pirchl Michael , Stockinger Martin , Crevenna Richard , Fischer Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patient- and clinician-reported outcome measures (PROMs, CROMs) are used in rehabilitation to evaluate and track the patient’s health status and recovery. However, controversy still exists regarding their relevance and validity when assessing a change in health status.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the changes in a CROM (Fingertip-To-Floor Test – FTF) and PROMs (ODI, HAQ-DI, NPRS, EQ5D) and the associations between these outcomes in 395 patients with lower back pain (57.2 ± 11.8 years, 49.1% female). We introduced a new way to measure and classify outcome performance using a distribution-based approach (t2D). Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after 21 days of inpatient rehabilitation.

Results
Overall, the rehabilitation (Cohens d = 0.94) resulted in a large effect size outcome. Medium effect sizes were observed for FTF (d = 0.70) and PROMs (d > 0.50). Best performance rating was observed for pain (NPRS). We found that 13.9% of patients exhibited a deterioration in the PROMs, but only 2.3%, in the FTF. The correlation between the PROMs and FTF were low to moderate, with the highest identified for HAQ-DI (rho = 0.30–0.36); no significant correlations could be shown for changes. High consistency levels were observed among the performance scores (t2D) in 68.9% of the patients.

Conclusions
Different and complementary assessment modalities of PROMs and CROMs can be used as valuable tools in the clinical setting. Results from both types of measurements and individual performance assessments in patients provide a valid basis for the meaningful interpretation of the patients’ health outcomes.
Trial registration. This clinical study was entered retrospectively on August 14, 2020 into the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS, registration number: DRKS00022854).
Financial misconduct and employee mistreatment: Evidence from wage theft
Authors: Raghunandan Aneesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractI examine the relation between firms’ financial conduct and wage theft. Wage theft represents the single largest form of theft committed in the United States and primarily affects firms’ most vulnerable employees. I show that wage theft is more prevalent (i) when firms just meet or beat earnings targets and (ii) when executives’ personal liability for wage theft decreases. Wage theft precedes financial misconduct while the theft is undetected, but once firms are caught engaging in wage theft they are more likely to shift to engaging in financial misconduct. My findings highlight an economically meaningful yet previously undocumented way in which firms’ financial incentives relate to employee treatment.
The most reactive iron and manganese complexes with N-pentadentate ligands for dioxygen activation—synthesis, characteristics, applications
Authors: Rydel-Ciszek Katarzyna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe iron and manganese complexes that activate oxygen atom play multiple role in technologically relevant reactions as well as in biological transformations, in which exist in different redox states. Among them, high-valent oxo intermediate seems to be the most important one. Iron, and/or manganese-based processes have found application in many areas, starting from catalysis and sustainable technologies, through DNA oxidative cleavage, to new substances useful in chemotherapeutic drugs. This review is not only the latest detailed list of uses of homogeneous N-pentadentate iron and manganese catalysts for syntheses of valuable molecules with huge applications in green technologies, but also a kind of "a cookbook", collecting "recipes" for the discussed complexes, in which the sources necessary to obtain a full characterization of the compounds are presented. Following the catalytic activity of metalloenzymes, and taking into account the ubiquity of iron and manganese salts, which in combination with properly designed ligands may show similarity to natural systems, the discussed complexes can find application as new anti-cancer drugs. Also, owing to ability of oxygen atom to exchange in reaction with H2O, they can be successfully applied in photodriven reactions of water oxidation, as well as in chemically regenerated fuel cells as a redox catalyst.
Graphical abstract
Cognitive financial constraints and firm growth
Authors: Du Jun , Nguyen Bach 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study distinguishes entrepreneurs’ cognitive financial constraints from financial supply constraints and assesses their relative importance to small business growth. Drawing from the literature on cognitive styles and institutional theory, we argue that small businesses’ financial constraints derive not only from financial market failures but also from the cognitive factors of entrepreneurs. Analysing a comprehensive dataset of more than 200,000 small businesses in Vietnam, we show that both financial supply and cognitive financial constraints impede firm growth. Given this significantly deleterious effect, the cognitive financial constraints originating from the demand side of firm financing deserve more attention.
R-Regularity of Set-Valued Mappings Under the Relaxed Constant Positive Linear Dependence Constraint Qualification with Applications to Parametric and Bilevel Optimization
Authors: Mehlitz Patrick , Minchenko Leonid I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe presence of Lipschitzian properties for solution mappings associated with nonlinear parametric optimization problems is desirable in the context of, e.g., stability analysis or bilevel optimization. An example of such a Lipschitzian property for set-valued mappings, whose graph is the solution set of a system of nonlinear inequalities and equations, is R-regularity. Based on the so-called relaxed constant positive linear dependence constraint qualification, we provide a criterion ensuring the presence of the R-regularity property. In this regard, our analysis generalizes earlier results of that type which exploited the stronger Mangasarian–Fromovitz or constant rank constraint qualification. Afterwards, we apply our findings in order to derive new sufficient conditions which guarantee the presence of R-regularity for solution mappings in parametric optimization. Finally, our results are used to derive an existence criterion for solutions in pessimistic bilevel optimization and a sufficient condition for the presence of the so-called partial calmness property in optimistic bilevel optimization.
Who aspires to be a scientist/who is allowed in science? Science identity as a lens to exploring the political dimension of the nature of science
Authors: Avraamidou Lucy , Schwartz Renee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur purpose in this paper is to put forward an argument about both the need and the value for understanding how the constructs of science identity and the nature of science (NOS) might intersect and intertwine and offer useful insights about science participation in times of crises. Based on our knowledge and understanding of these two research areas, we maintain that science identity research has not been fully engaged in understanding how perspectives on NOS might be intersecting with the questions of who can be (or not) a scientist and who is allowed (or not) in science. In this paper, we argue that the formation of a disrupting science identity that challenges existing constructed systems of power in science, requires robust understandings of NOS that place emphasis on the socially-produced narratives about science and scientists. In doing so, we engage with the following questions: (a) How have understandings of NOS contributed to conceptualizations of who can be a scientist and who is recognized as a scientist? (b) How have these conceptualizations contributed to producing exclusionary narratives and perpetuating inequalities in science? and, (c) How might an exploration of NOS through the lens of science identity be used to promote goals related to equity and social justice?
Narrative recognition and identification: a qualitative pilot study into reading literary texts with advanced cancer patients
Authors: Kamp Albert , Bood Zarah , Scherer-Rath Michael , Weeseman Yvonne , Christophe Nirav , Dörr Henny , Sanders José , Sprangers Mirjam , Helmich Esther , Timmermans Liesbeth , van Wolde Ellen , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposePatients with advanced cancer can experience their disease as a contingent life event. The sudden interruption of their life stories can obscure life goals and disrupt meaning making. In the context of the research project “In search of stories,” we aim to investigate the reading and discussion of selected stories which present ways of dealing with a contingent life event. In addition, we examine the use of a newly developed guide for reading these exemplary texts together with advanced cancer patients.MethodsThis qualitative study describes the experiences of five patients with advanced cancer who participated in a guided reading and discussion about selected literary texts. The intervention consisted of reading a selected story, after which each patient was interviewed, using the reading guide as a conversation template. The interviews were then thematically analyzed for their conceptual content using a template analysis.ResultsAll five conversations showed some form of recognition in reaction to the chosen text, which led to personal identification of experiences of contingency, such as loss of life goals, impending death, or feelings of uncertainty. Besides the important role of identification, revealed by the responses to the questions in the reading guide, the discussion of the text helped them articulate their own experience and sources of meaning. Diverse worldviews came to the fore and concepts of meaning such as fate, life goals, quality of life, and death.ConclusionsFirst experiences with our newly developed reading guide designed to support a structured reading of stories containing experiences of contingency suggest that it may help patients to express their own experiences of contingency and to reflect on these experiences.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsThe intervention tested in this study may contribute to supportive care for survivors with advanced cancer, but further research is needed to evaluate its effect on quality of life.
Paternalismus und Citizenship
Authors: Ziegler Holger 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag argumentiert, dass das Paternalismusproblem ein Kernproblem professioneller Urteilsbildung als Grundlage einer angemessenen Praxis darstellt. Dieses Problem wird durch eine (normative) Ausrichtung des wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Arrangements gerahmt, das sich in Richtung eines sozialinvestionsstaatlichen Begründungsrahmens verschiebt. Dabei erfahren sozialpädagogische Wohlfahrtsleistungen eine veränderte Relevanz, die offenbar nicht dem vergleichsweise steuerungsresistenten professionellen Ermessen und Urteilen unterstellt werden soll.
When company decisions harm or help the environment: the influence of social context and affective state on moral and causal responsibility attributions
Authors: Roth Kiara , Kaspar Kai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHolding companies accountable for their decisions’ environmental side effects becomes increasingly important in the light of current debates on the climate crisis. The present study investigated a young sample’s (n = 925) causal and moral responsibility attributions to a company’s manager and their subordinate employee, who were either young or middle-aged. The agents jointly made a profit-oriented decision which either harmed or helped the environment. Results were analyzed with respect to the valence of the side effect, the agents’ social role, the agents’ age group, and participants’ affective state. We successfully replicated findings from prior studies, showing that more intention and moral responsibility is ascribed to the manager in case of a negative side effect than in case of a positive side effect, and that the manager deserves more blame for negative side effects than the employee, whereas the employee deserves more praise for positive side effects. Additionally, responsibility attributions varied with the agents’ age group, participants’ positive and negative affective state, and participants’ gender. By incorporating these hitherto neglected factors, the study complements existing theories of responsibility attribution and intergroup perception. The findings further highlight the contribution of affective mechanisms as driving factors of responsibility attributions. Combining moral responsibility research, intergroup research, and affective measures promises to foster the understanding of how and to whom people ascribe blame, praise, and causal responsibility for environmental consequences.
Covert-overt prejudices towards the intellectual disabilities at school: A study on teachers and non-teachers of southern Italy
Authors: Marcone Roberto , Caputo Antonietta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntellectual Disabilities (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with considerable individual variability in type and severity. Due to overt and covert prejudices around ID, however, society tends to generalize this condition. Also, in schools, teachers’ attitudes toward students with IDs often differ from those toward regular students. The purpose of this study is to examine the levels of overt and covert prejudices toward ID of curricular and support teachers and non-teachers, in a sample of Southern Italian citizens, by evaluating age, gender and socioeconomic differences, as well as the associations of prejudice with education about and contact with ID. Six hundred and sixty-four participants (484 F; 38% teachers), 18–70 years old (M = 38.72; SD = 14.79) participated in the study. The Modern and Classical Prejudices Scale was administered in paper and online forms. Sociodemographic measures, as well as measures around ID education and contact with people with ID were collected. The results show that teachers had higher levels of classical prejudices compared to non-teacher participants. Teachers of primary schools showed higher levels of classical and modern prejudices. No gender and socioeconomic status (SES) differences were found in the whole sample. The entry of children with Intellectual Disabilities into primary school can be strongly influenced by teachers’ prejudices. Therefore, the need for teachers’ information and training on Intellectual Disabilities is evident.
Psychological wellbeing, memories, and future thoughts during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Niziurski Julie A. , Schaper Marie Luisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic led countries to place restrictions on the general public in order to protect their safety. These restrictions, however, may have negative psychological consequences as people are restricted in their social and leisure activities and facing daily life stressors. Investigating the relationship between how people are remembering pandemic events and thinking about their futures is important in order to begin to examine the psychological consequences – cognitive and emotional – of the Covid-19 pandemic. The present study examined how characteristics of past and future thinking relate to psychological wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic. In an online questionnaire study, 904 participants in Germany and the USA recalled and predicted negative and positive events related to the pandemic. Participants completed a series of questionnaires measuring cognitions and psychological symptoms. Participants’ current psychological wellbeing related to how they remembered events and thought of their future. Participants reported a greater sense of reliving for past compared to future events. However, future events were more rehearsed than past events. Additionally, the emotional impact of positive and negative events differed for the past and the future. Participants seem to be strongly future oriented during the Covid-19 pandemic, but have a negative view of future events.
Mathematical Model Predicts that Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing is Dependent on Spatial Distribution of VEGF-A mRNA (AZD8601)
Authors: Rikard S. Michaela , Myers Paul J. , Almquist Joachim , Gennemark Peter , Bruce Anthony C. , Wågberg Maria , Fritsche-Danielson Regina , Hansson Kenny M. , Lazzara Matthew J. , Peirce Shayn M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionPharmacologic approaches for promoting angiogenesis have been utilized to accelerate healing of chronic wounds in diabetic patients with varying degrees of success. We hypothesize that the distribution of proangiogenic drugs in the wound area critically impacts the rate of closure of diabetic wounds. To evaluate this hypothesis, we developed a mathematical model that predicts how spatial distribution of VEGF-A produced by delivery of a modified mRNA (AZD8601) accelerates diabetic wound healing.MethodsWe modified a previously published model of cutaneous wound healing based on coupled partial differential equations that describe the density of sprouting capillary tips, chemoattractant concentration, and density of blood vessels in a circular wound. Key model parameters identified by a sensitivity analysis were fit to data obtained from anin vivowound healing study performed in the dorsum of diabetic mice, and a pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate mRNA and VEGF-A distribution following injections with AZD8601. Due to the limited availability of data regarding the spatial distribution of AZD8601 in the wound bed, we performed simulations with perturbations to the location of injections and diffusion coefficient of mRNA to understand the impact of these spatial parameters on wound healing.ResultsWhen simulating injections delivered at the wound border, the model predicted that injections delivered on day 0 were more effective in accelerating wound healing than injections delivered at later time points. When the location of the injection was varied throughout the wound space, the model predicted that healing could be accelerated by delivering injections a distance of 1–2 mm inside the wound bed when compared to injections delivered on the same day at the wound border. Perturbations to the diffusivity of mRNA predicted that restricting diffusion of mRNA delayed wound healing by creating an accumulation of VEGF-A at the wound border. Alternatively, a high mRNA diffusivity had no effect on wound healing compared to a simulation with vehicle injection due to the rapid loss of mRNA at the wound border to surrounding tissue.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the critical need to consider the location of drug delivery and diffusivity of the drug, parameters not typically explored in pre-clinical experiments, when designing and testing drugs for treating diabetic wounds.
Using Decision Analysis to Integrate Habitat and Community Values for Coastal Resilience Planning
Authors: Martin David M. , Specht Jackie A. , Canick Michelle R. , Leo Kelly L. , Freeman Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDecision analysis is applied to habitat and community resilience planning in Maryland, USA. Sea level rise is causing wetland loss and increased flooding in coastal areas. A team at The Nature Conservancy analyzed a decision to identify high-value conservation planning units across Maryland’s Lower Eastern Shore. The team selected two fundamental objectives: minimize habitat loss and minimize community flood impacts. Sub-objectives included habitat function, habitat migration potential, critical infrastructure, and social vulnerability. Spatial attributes were selected based on ecological knowledge about habitat and socio-economic knowledge about sustaining populations in flood-prone areas. Seven planning units were developed across the Lower Eastern Shore. Single-attribute value functions determined the overall value of each unit per attribute, whereas multi-attribute value functions determined the overall value of each unit for all fundamental objectives. Sensitivity analysis incorporated data adjustments based on different flood scenarios and unit sizes, and variation in attribute weights associated with the multi-attribute value function. The Pareto efficiency principle revealed tradeoffs between units for habitat protection and management and community engagement and adaptation. Results indicate that four units are Pareto efficient under different sensitivity iterations and they trade off value in the fundamental objectives, whereas one unit provides the highest combined habitat and community value. This research guided thinking about equity in decision making and targeting conservation actions at local scales. The approach and methods can be used to inform conservation decisions in other similar contexts.
Reservoir characterization and volumetric estimation of reservoir fluids using simulation and analytical methods: a case study of the coastal swamp depobelt, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Kurah B. K. , Shariatipour M. S. , Itiowe K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuites of wireline well logs and three-dimensional (3D) seismic data were integrated to characterise the reservoir and estimate the hydrocarbon in Otigwe field, coastal swamp depositional belt, Niger Delta. The 3D seismic data were used to generate seismic sections through which fourteen faults and two horizons of interest were mapped across four wells. Depth structural map generated from the mapped faults and horizons of interest shows that the trapping mechanism within the field is fault-supported anticlinal structural trap. The four available wells were correlated using lithostratigraphic correlation to establish two reservoir continuities (Reservoir A and B). The estimated reservoir fluid volume at surface condition using reservoir simulation and modelling software is 59 MMstb for reservoir A and 25.70 MMstb for reservoir B. On the other hand, the estimated reservoir fluid volume at surface condition using analytical method is 52.58 MMstb for reservoir A and 18.85 MMstb for reservoir B. Using reservoir simulation and modelling software, the average net-to-gross ratio and shale volume for reservoir A range from 0.86 to 0.89 and 0.11 to 0.14, respectively, while for reservoir B the range is between 0.69 to 0.82 and 0.18 to 0.31, respectively. On the flipside using the analytical method, the average net-to-gross ratio and shale volume for reservoir A is 0.78 and 0.22, respectively. The results from the volumetric estimation of reservoir fluids showed close values using both methods and reservoir A is more prolific compare to B.
Improving a real-time helicopter simulator model with linear input filters
Authors: Šćepanović Pavle , Döring Frederik A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor a broad range of applications, flight mechanics simulator models have to accurately predict the aircraft dynamics. However, the development and improvement of such models is a difficult and time consuming process. This is especially true for helicopters. In this paper, two rapidly applicable and implementable methods to derive linear input filters that improve the simulator model are presented. The first method is based on model inversion, the second on feedback control. Both methods are evaluated in the time domain, compared to recorded helicopter flight test data, and assessed based on root mean square errors and the Qualification Test Guide bounds. The best results were achieved when using the first method.