bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actual problems of execution of criminal punishment in form of restriction of freedom
Authors: Комбаров Роман Владимирович 
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы исполнения наказания в виде ограничения свободы, выделяются факторы, влияющие на их возникновение, и предлагаются пути решения, способствующие надлежащему исполнению данного наказания. В частности, рассматриваются вопросы реализация ограничений, устанавливаемых в отношении осужденных. При этом акцентируется внимание на необходимости снятия ограничения на посещение сотрудниками уголовно-исполнительной инспекции места жительства (пребывания) осужденного в ночное время либо более широкого применения средств электронного мониторинга к осужденным. Следует предусмотреть возможность отбывания ограничения свободы по месту пребывания осужденного путем внесения соответствующих изменений в нормы уголовно-исполнительного законодательства. Также существует необходимость указывать в ограничениях конкретные места и мероприятия, находящиеся под запретом для осужденного. Обосновывается необходимость разработки единой инструкции, четко описывающей весь процесс применения технических средств надзора и контроля.
The article deals with the actual problems of execution of punishment in the form of restriction of freedom, highlights the factors influencing their occurrence and proposes solutions that contribute to the proper execution of this punishment. In particular, the implementation of restrictions imposed on convicted persons is considered. At the same time, attention is focused on the need to remove restrictions on the visit of employees of the penitentiary inspection of the place of residence (stay) of the convicted person at night or the wider use of electronic monitoring to convicts. Provide for the possibility of serving the restriction of freedom at the place of stay of the convicted person, by making appropriate changes to the rules of the criminal Executive legislation. There is also a need to specify in the restrictions specific places and activities that are prohibited for the convict. The necessity of development of the uniform instruction accurately describing all process of application of technical means of supervision and control is proved.
The Influence of Parental Leadership Type on Socialization Process in Namorambe Junior High School Students
Authors: Tigor Methodius 
Published: September 2021

Abstrak. Human beings as social beings will not be separated from the association with people around him. This is a very important need for humans. In the association there is a process of socialization, in everyday life the process of socialization of a person is not always good but there is the opposite. What is revealed in this study is how much influence of the type of parental leadership on the socialization process of the students of SMP Negeri 1 Namorambe. The research sample studied was 40 students of grade VIII Smp Negeri 1 Namorambe. The method used is descriptive method. To obtain the data, researchers used a closed questionnaire. The data obtained in the processing is adjusted to the criteria of items number 1 to 22, namely: 1.00 – 1.66 belongs to the category of authoritarian leadership type, 1.67 – 2.33 is laizer faire leadership type, 2.34 – 3.00 including democratic type. For items 23 to 45 use kriteri 1.00 – 1.75 less once, 1.76 – 2.50 less, 2.51 – 3.25 good, and 3.26 – 4.00 including an excellent socialization process. The hypotheses that are enforced are there is a significant influence between the type of parental leadership in the family to the socialization process of the child (student). From the calculations, the type of leadership of the parents of the students is mostly Laizer Faire. While the correlation between the two variables is positive where rcalculates the > rtable is r(h) 0.99 > r(t) 0.312. Therefore, the accepted hypothesis is that there is an influence of the type of parental leadership in the family on the socialization process of students. To see the amount of influence exerted from the calculation results obtained 98 %. Thus, there is a positive and meaningful influence between parental leadership on the socialization process in students of SMP Negeri 1 Namorambe
Agricultural Financial Intervention and Livelihood of Farmers: A Study of Anchor Borrowers Programme in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Chibueze Onuoha Onyekachi , David Ejikeme Obinna 
Published: September 2021

This study examined the effects of Agricultural Financial Intervention on the livelihood of farmers narrowing on the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme in Anambra State, Nigeria. The research design used was a survey design. A total of 154 respondents were selected using the yardstick of farmers who have ever accessed funds from the programme. A well-structured questionnaire and interview were utilized to generate data from the respondents and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The findings revealed that the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme had a positive and significant contribution to ease the burden of financing in agriculture among Farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. ABP had positive and significant contributions to improve the agricultural value chain among farmers in Nigeria. ABP had negative and no significant contribution to boosting output among farmers, and ABP had a negative effect on improving profitability among farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study it was concluded that the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme presently has not fully improved the livelihood of farmers cooperatives in Anambra State, Nigeria, however, it has prospects of contributing significantly towards improving the livelihood of members. This study, therefore, recommends that Agricultural expertise should be employed by the government to help in educating farmers on the best techniques to apply during agricultural activities to increase output. The ABP should also set up an active committee to assess farmers’ situation and obtain first-hand information before a loan is given, during courses of loan and at the point of harvest. This is aimed at discouraging farmers from providing false information and avoiding delays in repayment.
Evaluation of the Normal Range of C-reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Serum Level after Total Knee Arthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty in Osteoarthritis Patients without Complications
Authors: Aslani Mohammad Amin , Mirzaee Fateme , Karimi Amin , Baradaran Amir Farahanchi , Zafarani Zohreh , Aslani Hamidreza 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Infection is one of the most serious complications of joint replacement surgeries. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels are widely used for the evaluation of acute infections after joint replacement surgeries. The aim of our study is to determine normal changes in these inflammatory mediators after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methodology: In our study, we enrolled 100 patients with mean age of 68 y/o (57–77) and the diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis who underwent joint replacement surgery. ESR and CRP serum levels were measured before surgery, as well as one, three, and five days after surgery and then again 14, 42, and 90 days after surgery. The results were compared in two groups of TKA and THA, and patients who had undergone THA were further divided into cemented and uncemented groups.
Results: The CRP serum level increased rapidly and reached its maximum level (130.47) on the third day after surgery and returned to its pre-surgery level at the end of three months in all patients. The ESR serum level reached its peak (142.65) on the fifth day after surgery and then decreased; however, it was still slightly higher than the pre-surgery levels at the end of three months. CRP showed faster and more remarkable level changes following surgery compared to ESR, and this elevation was unrelated to the pre-surgery levels. No significant difference was observed between the cemented and uncemented groups.
Conclusion: Changes in CRP and ESR levels after TKA and THA surgeries are reliable indicators for assessment of prosthetic infections. In cases with an elevated CRP serum level on the third day of surgery, a strong suspicion of infection seems completely rational.
A Comparative Study of Topical 3% Tranexamic Acid and 35% Glycolic Acid in Melasma and Review of Literature
Authors: Soundarya S. , Devanand N. , Sabapathi Vaishnavi , Thomas Jayakar 
Published: September 2021

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical 3% tranexamic acid gel vs 35% glycolic acid peel in the treatment of melasma over face.
Materials and Methods: This is an open labelled, Randomised Controlled Trial(RCT) conducted on 60 patients. Patients were randomly divided equally into 2 groups – Group A and Group B. Patients of Group A used topical 3% tranexamic acid gel twice a day and Group B patients were treated with 35% glycolic acid peel with a contact period of 5 minutes once in every 2 weeks. Patients were assessed every month for a period of 3 months and recurrence was assessed for the next consecutive 3 months following the treatment. Patients were asked to use a broad spectrum sunscreen before sun exposure during the entire study. Assessment of reduction in pigmentation was made by MASI score, subjective and objective valuation (blind observer) and photographic comparison. Safety profile was assessed by the side effects.
Results: The mean value of Melasma Area and Severity Index(MASI) score for glycolic acid group at baseline was 14.41 which reduced to 7.05 at end of 3rd month. In tranexamic acid group, the mean value of MASI score at baseline was 14.58 which reduced to 5.96 at the end of 3rd month. The mean percentage of improvement in MASI score in glycolic acid group 52% whereas in tranexamic acid group it is 61%. The side effects were minimal in this study. Side effects were more in glycolic acid group than tranexamic acid group. A total of 8 patients had recurrence during follow up. In glycolic acid group, 5 patients had recurrence whereas in tranexamic acid group, only 3 patients had recurrence. The percentage of recurrence in glycolic acid group is 16.7 % whereas in glycolic acid group it is 10.7%.
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid is a novel emerging therapy for melasma. In this study it has been found that topical 3% tranexamic acid is equally efficacious as 35% glycolic acid peel with minimal side effects in the treatment of melasma.
A Robust ROS Generation Strategy for Enhanced Chemodynamic/Photodynamic Therapy via H2O2/O2 Self‐Supply and Ca2+ Overloading
Authors: Shen Jie , Yu Huizhu , Shu Yimeng , Ma Ming , Chen Hangrong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe efficacy of cancer therapy with reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the main therapeutic medium suffers from a deficiency of oxy‐substrates, for example, insufficient endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and inherent hypoxia in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, a smart polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐ylated nanosystem CaO2@ZIF‐Fe/Ce6@PEG (abbreviation as CaZFCP) is constructed to achieve H2O2/O2 self‐supply and Ca2+ overloading in tumor cells simultaneously for enhanced CDT/PDT. Under the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment, the activity components inside CaZFCP, that is, CaO2 nanoparticles, Fe2+, and photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) are released by the degradation of zeolitic imidazole framework‐90 (ZIF‐90). Thereinto, CaO2 nanoparticles are further decomposed to generate H2O2 and O2, which alleviates both the insufficient endogenous H2O2 and hypoxia in tumor area, thus enhancing the efficiency of CDT and PDT by producing more hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen. Furthermore, Ca2+ overloading induced by the decomposition of CaO2 is available for amplifying intracellular oxidative stress, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, which further improves the efficacy of combined CDT/PDT. In vitro and in vivo experimental results confirm excellent tumor inhibition effect, which also provides a facile paradigm in ROS‐involved cancer therapies.
Interface Energy‐Level Management toward Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells with Hole‐Transport‐Layer‐Free Structure
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wu Tianhao , Zhang Caiyi , Zhang Yiqiang , Segawa Hiroshi , Han Liyuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLead‐free tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate toward high‐performance and eco‐friendly photovoltaic technology with great potential for future application. However, tin PSCs with over 10% efficiency usually feature an organic hole transport layer (HTL) at the illumination side that may induce device degradation during long‐term operation. Removing the unstable organic HTL is an important way to solve these stability issues, but the efficiency of HTL‐free tin PSCs is still much lower than that of the completed cells. Herein, it is demonstrated that formamidinium tin iodide doped with heterogeneous ammonium salts can form an upward band‐bending structure to selectively extract the hole in the HTL‐free devices. By using this band‐bending structure, a promising efficiency of over 10% is first achieved for the lead‐free PSCs with a HTL‐free structure. More importantly, the optimized cell is highly stable, keeping 95% and 90% of the initial efficiency after continuous light soaking for 40 days and 80 °C annealing for 300 h, respectively. This work paves a route toward the development of efficient, eco‐friendly, and highly stable perovskite photovoltaics.
The AIE‐Active Dual‐Cationic Molecular Engineering: Synergistic Effect of Dark Toxicity and Phototoxicity for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Ma Yucheng , Zhuang Zeyan , Xing Longjiang , Li Jianqing , Yang Zhiwen , Ji Shaomin , Hu Rong , Zhao Zujin , Huo Yanping , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of anticancer therapy is significant to human health but remains a huge challenge. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), inducing the synergistic mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells is a promising approach but suffer from the low efficiency in hypoxic microenvironment and deep‐seated tumors. Herein, to improve the outcomes of PDT for cancer treatment, a series of red fluorophores consisting of dual‐cationic triphenylphosphonium‐alkylated pyridinium and (substituted) triphenylamine are prepared as organelle‐targeting antitumor photosensitizers (PSs) with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics. These PSs can selectively accumulate at the mitochondria or lysosomes of cancer cells with both dark‐ and photo‐cytotoxicity, making them possess excellent killing effect on cancer cells and efficient inhibition of tumor growth in living mice. This study brings about new insight into the development of powerful cancer treatment.
Wearable Self‐Powered Electrochemical Devices for Continuous Health Management
Authors: Parrilla Marc , De Wael Karolien 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe wearable revolution is already present in society through numerous gadgets. However, the contest remains in fully deployable wearable (bio)chemical sensing. Its use is constrained by the energy consumption which is provided by miniaturized batteries, limiting the autonomy of the device. Hence, the combination of materials and engineering efforts to develop sustainable energy management is paramount in the next generation of wearable self‐powered electrochemical devices (WeSPEDs). In this direction, this review highlights for the first time the incorporation of innovative energy harvesting technologies with top‐notch wearable self‐powered sensors and low‐powered electrochemical sensors toward battery‐free and self‐sustainable devices for health and wellbeing management. First, current elements such as wearable designs, electrochemical sensors, energy harvesters and storage, and user interfaces that conform WeSPEDs are depicted. Importantly, the bottlenecks in the development of WeSPEDs from an analytical perspective, product side, and power needs are carefully addressed. Subsequently, energy harvesting opportunities to power wearable electrochemical sensors are discussed. Finally, key findings that will enable the next generation of wearable devices are proposed. Overall, this review aims to bring new strategies for an energy‐balanced deployment of WeSPEDs for successful monitoring of (bio)chemical parameters of the body toward personalized, predictive, and importantly, preventive healthcare.
Chemical Design for Both Molecular and Morphology Optimization toward High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries Cathode Material Based on Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Wu Manman , Zhao Yang , Zhao Ruiqi , Zhu Jie , Liu Jie , Zhang Yamin , Li Chenxi , Ma Yanfeng , Zhang Hongtao , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn most cases, to obtain high‐performance electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), it is necessary to optimize both their molecular structure and morphology. Normally, the molecular structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be well engineered by chemical design, while their morphology is mainly optimized by post‐processing. Herein, by introducing a flexible building unit containing sp3 N redox‐active centers, a bipolar‐type TP‐TA COF assembled by uniform 2D hexagonal nanosheets is synthesized in a one‐step reaction without any post‐processing, achieving the highly challenging simultaneous optimization of both molecular structure and morphology required for high‐performance electrode materials. Thus, when used as cathode material for LIBs, its combined optimized chemical structure and favorable morphology of TP‐TA COF synergistically render a high capacity (207 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1), excellent rate performance (129 mA h g−1 at 5.0 A g−1), and cycling stability (93% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 5.0 A g−1).
Highly Transparent and Conductive Indium‐Free Vanadates Crystallized at Reduced Temperature on Glass Using a 2D Transparent Nanosheet Seed Layer
Authors: Boileau Alexis , Hurand Simon , Baudouin Florent , Lüders Ulrike , Dallocchio Marie , Bérini Bruno , Cheikh Aimane , David Adrian , Paumier Fabien , Girardeau Thierry , Marie Philippe , Labbé Christophe , Cardin Julien , Aureau Damien , Frégnaux Mathieu , Guilloux‐Viry Maryline , Prellier Wilfrid , Dumont Yves , Demange Valérie , Fouchet Arnaud 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) is a widely employed transparent conducting oxide (TCO), but the indium scarcity and price encourage developing some alternatives. The correlated metals CaVO3 and SrVO3 have been recently identified as new TCOs with functional properties being comparable to ITO. However, their technological potential is limited by the critical requirement of a perovskite structure of the film, impossible to achieve via direct growth on substrates commonly used for applications. In this article, the authors tackle this limitation by demonstrating the crystalline growth of vanadate TCOs on glass at temperatures below 600 °C, with the help of 2D nanosheets as transparent seed layers. The functional properties do not suffer from the textured structure of the films, as confirmed by an in‐depth spectroscopic ellipsometry study, allowing for an industrially viable approach to integrate vanadate TCOs on virtually any surface and to exploit their promising performances as a new generation TCO.
CHIR99021 Promotes hiPSC‐Derived Cardiomyocyte Proliferation in Engineered 3D Microtissues
Authors: Hesselbarth Ramona , Esser Tilman U. , Roshanbinfar Kaveh , Schrüfer Stefan , Schubert Dirk W. , Engel Felix B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCardiac tissue engineering is a promising strategy to generate human cardiac tissues for modeling cardiac diseases, screening for therapeutic drugs, and repairing the injured heart. Yet, several issues remain to be resolved including the generation of tissues with high cardiomyocyte density. Here, it is shown that the integration of the glycogen synthase kinase‐3β inhibitor CHIR99021 in collagen I hydrogels promotes proliferation of human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived (hiPSC) cardiomyocytes post‐fabrication improving contractility of and calcium flow in engineered 3D cardiac microtissues. CHIR99021 has no effect on the gelation kinetics or the mechanical properties of collagen I hydrogels. Analysis of cell density and proliferation based on Ki‐67 staining indicates that integration of CHIR99021 together with external CHIR99021 stimulation increases hiPSC‐cardiomyocyte number by ≈2‐fold within 7 d post‐fabrication. Analysis of the contractility of engineered cardiac tissues after another 3 d in the absence of external CHIR99021 shows that CHIR99021‐induced hiPSC‐cardiomyocyte proliferation results in synchronized calcium flow, rhythmic beating, increased speed of contraction and contraction amplitude, and reduced peak‐to‐peak time. The CHIR99021‐stimulated engineered cardiac microtissues exhibit spontaneous rhythmic contractions for at least 35 d. Collectively, the data demonstrate the potential of induced cardiomyocyte proliferation to enhance engineered cardiac microtissues by increasing cardiomyocyte density.
From Molecules to Frameworks to Superframework Crystals
Authors: Ji Zhe , Freund Ralph , Diercks Christian S. , Hirschle Patrick , Yaghi Omar M. , Wuttke Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBuilding chemical structures of complexity and functionality approaching the level of biological systems is an ongoing challenge. A general synthetic strategy is proposed by which progressive levels of complexity are achieved through the building block approach whereby molecularly defined constructs at one level serve as constituent units of the next level, all being linked through strong bonds—”augmented reticular chemistry”. Specifically, current knowledge of linking metal complexes and organic molecules into reticular frameworks is applied here to linking the crystals of these frameworks into supercrystals (superframeworks). This strategy allows for the molecular control exercised on the molecular regime to be translated into higher augmentation levels to produce systems capable of dynamics and complex functionality far exceeding current materials.
Tunable Photoresponsive Behaviors Based on Triphenylamine Derivatives: The Pivotal Role of π‐Conjugated Structure and Corresponding Application
Authors: Yang Yujie , Wang Jiaqiang , Li Dan , Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Li Zhen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotoresponsive materials have drawn much attention and are widely applied in daily life for their reversible changes in luminous color or appearance color under light irradiation. In this work, a new photoresponsive system based on triarylamine derivatives is developed. With the changed aryl substituents, adjustable photoresponsive properties, including photoactivated phosphorescence and photochromism after being dispersed into the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix, are demonstrated. According to the theoretical calculations and experimental data, the competition between the formations of triplet excitons and cationic radicals under photoirradiation should be the main reason for their different photoresponsive properties. Excitingly, the applications of rewritable photopatterning, anticounterfeiting, information encryption, and decryption are realized conveniently, in addition to the successful model of sunglasses to protect eyes away from ultraviolet radiation and strong light in the sunlight. These studies present a simple and efficient design strategy for the development of photoresponsive materials on modulating the phosphorescence and photochromic property.