bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of information cascading and propagation barriers across distinctive news events
Authors: Sittar Abdul , Mladenić Dunja , Grobelnik Marko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNews reporting, on events that occur in our society, can have different styles and structures, as well as different dynamics of news spreading over time. News publishers have the potential to spread their news and reach out to a large number of readers worldwide. In this paper we would like to understand how well they are doing it and which kind of obstacles the news may encounter when spreading. The news to be spread wider cross multiple barriers such as linguistic (the most evident one, as they get published in other natural languages), economic, geographical, political, time zone, and cultural barriers. Observing potential differences between spreading of news on different events published by multiple publishers can bring insights into what may influence the differences in the spreading patterns. There are multiple reasons, possibly many hidden, influencing the speed and geographical spread of news. This paper studies information cascading and propagation barriers, applying the proposed methodology on three distinctive kinds of events: Global Warming, earthquakes, and FIFA World Cup. Our findings suggest that 1) the scope of a specific event significantly effects the news spreading across languages, 2) geographical size of a news publisher’s country is directly proportional to the number of publishers and articles reporting on the same information, 3) countries with shorter time-zone differences and similar cultures tend to propagate news between each other, 4) news related to Global Warming comes across economic barriers more smoothly than news related to FIFA World Cup and earthquakes and 5) events which may in some way involve political benefits are mostly published by those publishers which are not politically neutral.
The ICECAP-A instrument for capabilities: assessment of construct validity and test–retest reliability in a general Dutch population
Authors: Rohrbach Pieter J. , Dingemans Alexandra E. , Essers Brigitte A. , Van Furth Eric F. , Spinhoven Philip , Groothuis-Oudshoorn Catharina G. M. , Van Til Janine A. , Van den Akker-Van Marle M. Elske 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults (ICECAP-A) assesses five capabilities that are important to one’s well-being. The instrument might be an important addition to generic health questionnaires when evaluating quality of life extending beyond health. This study aimed to conduct a psychometric assessment of the Dutch translation of the ICECAP-A.

Methods
Construct validity of the instrument was assessed in two ways. First, by measuring correlations with the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and a measure of self-efficacy and, second, by investigating the ability to distinguish between groups known to differ on the construct the ICECAP-A means to capture. Additionally, test–retest reliability was evaluated.

Results
In total, 1002 participants representative of the general Dutch population completed an online survey. For test–retest reliability, 252 participants completed the same questionnaire 2 weeks later. The ICECAP-A indicated moderate to strong correlations with the EQ-5D-5L and a strong correlation with self-efficacy. Furthermore, it was capable of differentiating known groups. Moreover, results indicated adequate test–retest reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.79.

Conclusion
In summary, results suggest adequate test–retest reliability and construct validity and indicate that the ICECAP-A might be of added value, especially when considering areas outside of the traditional health intervention model.
Spatial distribution of trace elements in surface sediments of Hooghly (Ganges) river estuary in West Bengal, India
Authors: Trifuoggi Marco , Ferrara Luciano , Toscanesi Maria , Mondal Priyanka , Ponniah Jonathan Muthuswamy , Sarkar Santosh Kumar , Arienzo Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe spatial distribution of trace elements in surface sediments of the Hooghly estuary was studied over the monsoons in 2014–2017. As, Cd, Ni, Pb and U were two- to sixteen-fold the crust means with increasing levels toward the estuary, with Ni peak during the post-monsoon. Pearson’s correlation matrix, cluster analysis, enrichment factors and pollution index revealed the anthropic source and association of trace elements with Fe, Mn and Al and of Pb with U. Geoaccumulation index revealed for Ni an extremely contaminated situation at the estuary water during monsoon and for Cd a heavily contaminated situation at freshwater location. The potential contamination index was >6; thus, sediments were very severely contaminated by As, Cd and Ni with worst situation for As and Cd at fresh and brackish water and during post-monsoon. The overall ecological risk was severe, 300≤RI<600 at all sites and seasons, especially after the monsoon, at fluvial and brackish locations.
Die Produktion eines „Problemviertels“. Mediale Diskurse, politisch-polizeiliche Interventionen und interaktive Situationsbedeutungen
Authors: Rinn Moritz , Wehrheim Jan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAuf Grundlage qualitativ-ethnographischer Forschung und aus symbolisch-interaktionistischer Perspektive untersucht der Beitrag den wechselseitigen Verstärkungsprozess von negativen Stadtteilimages und polizeilichen Interventionen sowie dessen unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf Alltage von Bewohner*innen problematisierter Stadtteile. Am Beispiel des seit mehreren Jahrzehnten stadtpolitisch als „benachteiligt“ bearbeiteten Essen-Altendorf zeigt der Artikel auf, wie spezifische Images von „gefährlichen“ oder „problematischen“ Stadtteilen durch Wechselwirkungen zwischen medialer Berichterstattung, polizeilichen Interventionen sowie Situationsbe-deutungen von einzelnen Akteur*innen (re‑)produziert werden. Es entstehen, so die Beobachtung, polizeilich-publizistische Verstärkerkreisläufe, die das „Problemviertel“-Image immer wieder neu reproduzieren und weitere, tendenziell restriktive polizeiliche und stadtpolitische Interventionen legitimieren. Neben „territorialer Stigmatisierung“ (Wacquant) der Bewohner*innen evozieren diese Interventionen konkurrierende Situationsdefinitionen, Problemkonstruktionen und Gegenerzählungen, die indes öffentlich selektiv wahrgenommen und bewertet werden. Stadtteilbewohner*innen greifen in ihren Situationsbe-deutungen auf unterschiedliche Wissens- bzw. Erfahrungsbestände zurück. Es zeigt sich, dass Perspektiven, die dem dominanten „Problemvierteldiskurs“ widersprechen – etwa indem sie ethnisierend diskriminierende polizeiliche Kontrollpraktiken thematisieren – im öffentlichen Diskurs großenteils marginalisiert bleiben.
Offen gemacht: Der Stand der internationalen evidenzbasierten Forschung zu Open Educational Resources (OER)
Authors: Otto Daniel , Schröder Nadine , Diekmann Daniel , Sander Pia 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungOpen Educational Resources (OER) bilden ein wichtiges Element im Diskurs über eine Digitalisierung von Bildung. Der Beitrag erhebt den Stand der internationalen empirischen Forschung zu OER, um dadurch Desiderate für eine zukünftige Forschungsagenda aufzuzeigen. Mittels eines systematischen Mapping-Ansatzes wird dafür die empirische, englischsprachige Forschungslandschaft kartiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Forschung vor allem im Hochschulbereich betrieben wird und wenige Studien für den Bereich Schule vorliegen. Forschungsmethodisch sind quantitative Studien prävalent, die vorwiegend umfragebasiert durchgeführt werden. Das primäre Forschungsinteresse der Studien konzentriert sich auf Wahrnehmungsfaktoren von OER sowie auf deren Übernahme und Nutzung in der Bildungspraxis. Ein weiteres Forschungsfeld sind Offene Textbücher und deren komparative Kostenvorteile oder qualitative Vergleichbarkeit mit kostenpflichtigem Bildungsmaterial. Forschungsdesiderate liegen im Feld der Usability respektive Benutzerfreundlichkeit von OER-Repositorien. Forschung hierzu könnte die zahlreichen Bundesländerinitiativen zur Etablierung von OER-Landesportalen unterstützen. Weitere Forschungslücken finden sich bei den Effekten der Nutzung von OER auf das pädagogische Handeln und die Veränderungen etablierter Bildungspraktiken.
The Effects of Long-Term High Water Iodine Levels in the External Environment on the Carotid Artery
Authors: Bian Ji , Zhang Man , Li Feng , Gao Jie , Wei Zhexue , Liu Zijing , Wang Xiaoming , Jiang Wen , Bian Jianchao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIodine excess typically affects thyroid function in the human body and may damage carotid artery. Four investigation plots with different water iodine levels were selected in Shandong Province, China. These included a low, medium, and high iodine group and an iodine excess group whose water iodine content was < 10, 50–150, 150–300, and > 300 μg/L, respectively. Residents aged 20–65 years answered a questionnaire and underwent carotid artery ultrasonography, and their height, weight, and urinary iodine concentrations were measured. A total of 2026 individuals participated in the study. Urinary iodine concentration increased with increased water iodine levels. The medial thickening rate and intimal roughness rate in the iodine excess group were significantly higher than in the other three groups. After controlling for factors such as gender, age, and BMI, iodine excess remained as a risk factor for carotid intima-media thickening. Excess water iodine in the external environment is a risk factor for intima-media thickening of the carotid artery, suggesting that iodine excess may cause vascular injury and promote atherosclerosis.
Reducing the Carbon Footprint: Primary Production of Aluminum and Silicon with Changing Energy Systems
Authors: Saevarsdottir Gudrun , Magnusson Thordur , Kvande Halvor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe world now pushes for a low-carbon future, and international goals for greenhouse gas emission reductions have been set. Industrial processes, including metallurgical processes, make up more than a fifth of the total global emissions, and those have been rising with infrastructure development and the expansion of the middle-class worldwide. This paper focuses on two energy-intensive processes, aluminum production and metallurgical grade silicon production, and how the carbon footprints from these industrial processes have developed in recent decades. The main trend is that the increased demand for these metals has led to expanding primary production for both of them, based on energy with an increasing share of fossil-based electric power. In fact, the average carbon footprint of the energy used in aluminum and silicon production has increased by 38% and 43%, respectively, from 2000 to 2019. The change in energy mix offsets any progress in process efficiencies. This work addresses this and discusses opportunities for improvements.Graphical Abstract
Adaptation and Validation of a Sentinel-Based Chlorophyll-a Retrieval Software for the Central European Freshwater Lake, Balaton
Authors: Tóth Veronika Zsófia , Ladányi Márta , Jung András 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe importance of lakes and reservoirs leads to the high need for monitoring lake water quality both at local and global scales. Remote sensing is a rapidly evolving, versatile technology that can be successfully applied in several economic and scientific fields. Numerous studies demonstrate the applicability of satellites in algae detection and monitoring. Algae play an essential role in aquatic ecosystems, although their overgrowth poses a serious risk. Overgrowth of algae, also known as algal bloom, has serious ecological, social, economic and health effects. The research area of our study was Lake Balaton, the largest lake in Central Europe. The aim was to find the most appropriate algorithm(s) for the inland lake to define the chlorophyll-a amount. In addition, two new algorithms were developed based on the reflectance values of the satellite image. The results show that the two highest correlations were performed by the newly validated, blue/green ratio-based algorithm, Chl-aB/G (r = 0.93) and the chl_re_oc2 algorithm (r = 0.86) of the Acolite software. Although the Acolite software was not developed for lakes but for marine waters, it is also applicable to inland waters.
Evaluating the efficacy of potential fungicide-adjuvant combinations for control of myrtle rust in New Zealand
Authors: Adusei-Fosu Kwasi , Rolando Carol A. , Richardson Brian , van Leeuwen Rebecca , Gaskin Robyn , Bader Martin K.-F. , Pathan Amin K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMyrtle rust is a serious fungal disease caused byAustropuccinia psidiiaffecting a number of Myrtaceae species in New Zealand and elsewhere. Control with fungicides or biologicals provides a mechanism to reduce the build-up of inoculum in the short-term while other strategies are being developed or deployed for long-term management. This study evaluated the efficacy of fungicides for control of myrtle rust under controlled conditions and identified adjuvants that would promote spreading of fungicidal active ingredients across the leaf surface. The spread of fungicide on detachedM. excelsaleaves was assessed by applying three different adjuvants in combination with seven fungicides. Subsequently,M. excelsaplants were treated with three fungicides/mixes, (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole, triademinol or a natural tea-extract) at a single rate followed by inoculation withA. psidiiurediniospores on day 0, 7, 14 or 21 days after spraying. The response to infection inM. excelsaplants based on different inoculation timings at days 0, 7 and 21 significantly differed among fungicide treatments. The fungicide azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole was the most effective with infections significantly lower on the adaxial leaf surface than abaxial, despite good surface coverage of fungicide being achieved on both leaf surfaces. There were significant differences among fungicides based on the proportion of infected leaves onM. excelsaplants. Day 21 post-spray inoculation indicated a significant interaction between inoculation time and fungicide on leaf disease ratings. However, this was not the case at either 28 or 35 days post-inoculation. This research contributes to fungicide options for myrtle rust control in New Zealand.
Abdominelle Distension und Blähungen
Authors: Misselwitz Benjamin , Wiest Reiner 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAbdominelle Blähungen und Distensionen sind häufige klinische Symptome bei gastroenterologischen Patienten, die mit starker Einschränkung der Lebensqualität einhergehen können. Pathophysiologische Mechanismen sind komplex und sehr individuell und beinhalten a) eine gestörte abdominelle Akkommodation, d. h. Umverteilung der abdominothorakalen Organe mit Zwerchfelltiefstand und Relaxation der Bauchwand (Bauchvorwölbung), b) eine/n gestörte/n intestinaler Gastransport und -evakuation, c) vermehrte Gasansammlung luminal sowie d) viszerale Hypersensitivität. Blähungen sollten bei Erstmanifestation profund abgeklärt werden, während bei Rezidiven in Abwesenheit von Alarmsymptomen die Diagnostik minimal gehalten werden sollte. Therapeutisch sind Sport, Stuhlregulation und Ernährungsanpassung als Basistherapie wichtig. Hierbei können je nach führendem Pathomechanismus Anti‑/Probiotika, gasreduzierende Agenzien, Spasmolytika, Laxativa/Sekretagoga, Prokinetika, Biofeedback oder Antidepressiva hilfreich sein. Oft gestaltet sich die Behandlung von abdominellen Blähungen und Distension jedoch schwierig, daher ist eine verständnisvolle stabile Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung für eine langfristig erfolgreiche Behandlungsstrategie ausschlaggebend.
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate for preterm birth: A situational analysis from the Indian perspective
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Varthya Shoban Babu , Shanmugam Prakash Srinivasan Timiri , Sree Sudha T.Y. , Mittal Chaitanya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth can cause morbidity and mortality in addition to trauma or loss to the mother, and present a major financial burden to the family. This risk may be minimized by timely intervention.ObjectiveTo understand the safety and efficacy of hydroxyprogesterone in decreasing the incidence of preterm birth, neonatal complications, and maternal mortality, based on evidence obtained from the Indian scientific literature.MethodsRelevant articles were searched for and retrieved from the databases PubMed, medrXiv, Embase, Cochrane, biorXiv, and arXiv.ResultsA total of 62 relevant articles were assessed, and of these, 59 articles did not meet the eligibility criteria. In total, 3 articles which satisfied the criteria and 2 articles sourced from cross references were included in the study. Across these 5 articles, a total of 536 patients received hydroxyprogesterone caproate or placebo for preterm birth.ConclusionIn all five articles, recurrence rate of preterm birth was reduced in the treated group compared to control group. The safety profile of progesterone tends to be better than that of the placebo. The findings of our analysis of individual patient data (IPD) summarizes various clinical trial data, which can assure clinicians that vaginal progesterone administration is effective and well tolerated.
COST-SENSITIVE MULTI-CLASS ADABOOST FOR UNDERSTANDING DRIVING BEHAVIOR BASED ON TELEMATICS
Authors: So Banghee , Boucher Jean-Philippe , Valdez Emiliano A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTUsing telematics technology, insurers are able to capture a wide range of data to better decode driver behavior, such as distance traveled and how drivers brake, accelerate, or make turns. Such additional information also helps insurers improve risk assessments for usage-based insurance, a recent industry innovation. In this article, we explore the integration of telematics information into a classification model to determine driver heterogeneity. For motor insurance during a policy year, we typically observe a large proportion of drivers with zero accidents, a lower proportion with exactly one accident, and a far lower proportion with two or more accidents. We here introduce a cost-sensitive multi-class adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm we call SAMME.C2 to handle such class imbalances. We calibrate the algorithm using empirical data collected from a telematics program in Canada and demonstrate an improved assessment of driving behavior using telematics compared with traditional risk variables. Using suitable performance metrics, we show that our algorithm outperforms other learning models designed to handle class imbalances.
Implementation context for addressing social needs in a learning health system: a qualitative study
Authors: Theis Ryan P. , Blackburn Katherine , Lipori Gloria , Harle Christopher A. , Alvarado Michelle M. , Carek Peter J. , Zemon Nadine , Howard Angela , Salloum Ramzi G. , Shenkman Elizabeth A. ,   the UF CTSI Learning Health System Program
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction.
Unmet social needs contribute to growing health disparities and rising health care costs. Strategies to collect and integrate information on social needs into patients’ electronic health records (EHRs) show promise for connecting patients with community resources. However, gaps remain in understanding the contextual factors that impact implementing these interventions in clinical settings.

Methods.
We conducted qualitative interviews with patients and focus groups with providers (January−September 2020) in two primary care clinics to inform the implementation of a module that collects and integrates patient-reported social needs information into the EHR. Questions addressed constructs within the Theoretical Framework for Acceptability and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Data were coded deductively using team-based framework analysis, followed by inductive coding and matrix analyses.

Results.
Forty patients participated in interviews, with 20 recruited at the clinics and 20 from home. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 12 providers. Factors salient to acceptability and feasibility included patients’ discomfort answering sensitive questions, concerns about privacy, difficulty reading/understanding module content, and technological literacy. Rapport with providers was a facilitator for patients to discuss social needs. Providers stressed that limited time with patients would be a barrier, and expressed concerns about the lack of available community resources.

Conclusion.
Findings highlight the need for flexible approaches to assessing and discussing social needs with patients. Feasibility of the intervention is contingent upon support from the health system to facilitate social needs assessment and discussion. Further study of availability of community resources is needed to ensure intervention effectiveness.
Videos, Views, and Vaccines: Evaluating the Quality of COVID-19 Communications on YouTube
Authors: Marwah Harleen K. , Carlson Kyle , Rosseau Natalie A. , Chretien Katherine C. , Kind Terry , Jackson Hope T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is introduced, it is critical to recognize that public opinion on vaccines is largely influenced by health communications, with YouTube being a major source of information and misinformation. This analysis graded the accuracy, quality, and reliability of the most viewed YouTube videos depicting COVID-19 and vaccinations over a 6-mo period.

Methods:
We collected hyperlinks for the 150 most viewed YouTube videos discussing COVID-19 from January through June 2020. Closed captioning data were searched for the term “vaccine,” yielding 32 videos. This sample was evaluated for quality, accuracy, and reliability using a rubric that incorporated existing instruments: Global Quality Scale (GQS), JAMA Benchmark Criteria, and DISCERN.

Results:
These 32 videos had 139,764,188 views at the time of data collection. The majority of videos received low scores, with network news sources receiving the lowest scores overall.

Conclusions:
The overall quality of COVID-19 YouTube videos related to vaccines may be low and raises a precautionary alert for the public consuming these videos and for health-care providers working to provide the best information to their patients. Existing scoring tools may not capture the complexities of social media. New tools could allow for a better understanding of the modern landscape of health communications.
Of Nuclear Rials and Golden Shoes: Scaling Commodities and Currencies across Sanctions on Iran
Authors: Yıldız Emrah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the 2012 sanctions that dis-embedded the Iranian economy from global markets, contraband commerce has become an explosive issue in Iran. Increasingly Iranians came to regard sanctions as enforced by both international powers and their own state officials, who criminalized certain kinds of cross-border trade, but not others. Although Iranian state actors distinguish between the trader—praised for contributing to the economy—and the traitor—denounced for undermining its integrity—what both unites and blurs the line between them is their shared struggle with a devaluing currency that some Iranians call nuclear. This article examines the “nuclear rial” by extending insights from anthropological scholarship on money to the study of sanctions to advance a dynamic understanding of currency. Studying Iranian trade in gold proves productive for understanding how people negotiate the effects of sanctions in an unevenly financialized world. At stake in the negotiations is a conditional articulation of monetary value that relies on contingent conversions between commodities and currencies and among currencies.