bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Densification of Garnet-type Electrolyte Thin Sheets by Cold Sintering
Authors: Hamao Naoki , Yamaguchi Yuki , Mimura Ken-Ichi , Hamamoto Koichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A garnet-type electrolyte sheet for all-solid-state batteries was fabricated by modified cold sintering method. The pores in the electrolyte sheet were closed during the cold sintering process, and the grain-boundary resistance was reduced. The impurity phase formed after cold sintering was removed by annealing treatment at higher temperatures.
Nutzer, Sammler, Entscheidungsträger? Arten der Bürgerbeteiligung in Smart Cities
Authors: Haunschild Jasmin , Demuth Kilian , Geiß Henri-Jacques , Richter Christian , Reuter Christian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung ist ein präsenter Faktor in vielen Städten. So existieren bereits viele Smart-City-Initiativen, bei denen Städte versuchen, ihre Prozesse durch Erfassung und Verknüpfung von Daten, oft unter Zuhilfenahme von Datenplattformen, zu optimieren. In Anbetracht der damit einhergehenden großen Investitionen und Veränderungen wird Bürgerbeteiligung als zentraler Faktor für den Erfolg solcher Initiativen betrachtet. Bisher ist allerdings nicht klar, was typische Beteiligungsformate von Smart-City-Initiativen sind und welche Rolle(n) BürgerInnen dabei einnehmen. Dieser Beitrag leitet mittels einer Literaturanalyse zu Smart Cities ein Kategorienschema zu typischen Bürgerbeteiligungsarten ab. Die Analyse ergab, dass sich Einbindung von BürgerInnen in politische Entscheidungen und bei der Entwicklung technischer Artefakte maßgeblich auf e‑Government oder Participatory Design bezieht. Im Hinblick auf die Beteiligungsarten zeigt sich, dass Makrofabriken, Living Labs und Open-Data-Plattformen häufige Ansätze sind, um BürgerInnen als Co-Creators einzubinden. Zudem werden BürgerInnen mit Citizen Sensing zur Erfassung von Daten oder Missständen einbezogen. Dabei zeigen sich sowohl aktivere, als auch eher passive Beteiligungsarten. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Einbindung von BürgerInnen häufig entweder auf eine Beteiligung an politischen Entscheidungen oder an der Entwicklung technischer Artefakte abzielt. Auch wenn keine klare Abgrenzung möglich ist, sind diese Ansätze dann eher durch e‑Government oder Participatory Design inspiriert.
Four methods of brain pattern analyses of fMRI signals associated with wrist extension versus wrist flexion studied for potential use in future motor learning BCI
Authors: Ravindran Aniruddh , Rieke Jake D. , Zapata Jose Daniel Alcantara , White Keith D. , Matarasso Avi , Yusufali M. Minhal , Rana Mohit , Gunduz Aysegul , Modarres Mo , Sitaram Ranganatha , Daly Janis J. 
Published: August 2021

Objective
In stroke survivors, a treatment-resistant problem is inability to volitionally differentiate upper limb wrist extension versus flexion. When one intends to extend the wrist, the opposite occurs, wrist flexion, rendering the limb non-functional. Conventional therapeutic approaches have had limited success in achieving functional recovery of patients with chronic and severe upper extremity impairments. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback is an emerging strategy that has shown potential for stroke rehabilitation. There is a lack of information regarding unique blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) cortical activations uniquely controlling execution of wrist extension versus uniquely controlling wrist flexion. Therefore, a first step in providing accurate neural feedback and training to the stroke survivor is to determine the feasibility of classifying (or differentiating) brain activity uniquely associated with wrist extension from that of wrist flexion, first in healthy adults.

Approach
We studied brain signal of 10 healthy adults, who performed wrist extension and wrist flexion during fMRI data acquisition. We selected four types of analyses to study the feasibility of differentiating brain signal driving wrist extension versus wrist flexion, as follows: 1) general linear model (GLM) analysis; 2) support vector machine (SVM) classification; 3) ‘Winner Take All’; and 4) Relative Dominance.

Results
With these four methods and our data, we found that few voxels were uniquely active during either wrist extension or wrist flexion. SVM resulted in only minimal classification accuracies. There was no significant difference in activation magnitude between wrist extension versus flexion; however, clusters of voxels showed extension signal > flexion signal and other clusters vice versa. Spatial patterns of activation differed among subjects.

Significance
We encountered a number of obstacles to obtaining clear group results in healthy adults. These obstacles included the following: high variability across healthy adults in all measures studied; close proximity of uniquely active voxels to voxels that were common to both the extension and flexion movements; in general, higher magnitude of signal for the voxels common to both movements versus the magnitude of any given uniquely active voxel for one type of movement. Our results indicate that greater precision in imaging will be required to develop a truly effective method for differentiating wrist extension versus wrist flexion from fMRI data.
World War II and the Rise of Feminism in Martinique
Authors: Joseph-Gabriel Annette K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
L’idée que le féminisme antillais est un phénomène du 21ème siècle et qu’il est encore à ses débuts est répandue. Néanmoins, plusieurs groupes féminins ont mené des actions féministes bien avant. Lors de la deuxième guerre mondiale, Le Club féminin et l’Union des femmes de la Martinique, entre autres, ont lutté contre le fascisme, le colonialisme et l’exclusion des femmes de la vie publique. L’auteure trace l’influence de la guerre sur leur pensée féministe.
Numerical methods for time-fractional convection-diffusion problems with high-order accuracy
Authors: Dong Gang , Guo Zhichang , Yao Wenjuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the numerical method for solving the two-dimensional time-fractional convection-diffusion equation with a fractional derivative of order

α

\alpha

(

1
<
α
<
2

1\lt \alpha \lt 2

). By combining the compact difference approach for spatial discretization and the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method in the time stepping, a compact ADI scheme is proposed. The unconditional stability and

H

1

{H}^{1}

norm convergence of the scheme are proved rigorously. The convergence order is

O

(

τ

3
−
α

+

h

1

4

+

h

2

4

)

O\left({\tau }^{3-\alpha }+{h}_{1}^{4}+{h}_{2}^{4})

, where

τ

\tau

is the temporal grid size and

h

1

{h}_{1}

,

h

2

{h}_{2}

are spatial grid sizes in the

x

x

and

y

y

directions, respectively. It is proved that the method can even attain

(

1
+
α

)

\left(1+\alpha )

order accuracy in temporal for some special cases. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.
Deko oder Didaktik? Mehrsprachigkeit in Schulbüchern für Sachfächer
Authors: Bredthauer Stefanie , Triulzi Marco , Kaleta Magdalena , Helbert Stefanie , Wörmann Leon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In 2013 and 2015, the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs (KMK) passed resolutions based on theoretical and empirical research that called for the integration of multilingualism in textbooks for all subjects. The aim of these resolutions is to recognise and make use of all the resources, i. e. all the experience and skills, that students bring to the classroom to promote their development and to portray the great diversity of their environments. In the project SAMMELN, 33 textbooks for 17 subjects were quantitatively analysed, resulting in N=2,301 occurrences. The results show that, although multilingual elements regularly appear in textbooks across all subjects, these consist mainly of single words or phrases and are rarely included into tasks. Furthermore, the prevalence of languages that are frequently taught in German schools and of languages that are no longer spoken, is remarkable. In contrast, heritage languages that are commonly found in Germany, are rarely represented. These results suggest that multilingual elements present in textbooks are of predominantly decorative nature with little potential for multilingual pedagogy and without any connection to the language environment of the students.
„Ist es B2-Niveau genug?“
Authors: Wisniewski Katrin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the use of the multifunctional German word form es in the learner corpora MERLIN and DISKO (1,452 texts; 3,700 manually annotated occurrences of es). These corpora cover a wide proficiency range (A1-C1), and they include an L1 control group. Due to its multiple functions, using es is assumed to be challenging for learners. After laying out its main functional features, this paper first addresses the question of whether the frequency patterns of es actually differ between L1 und L2 texts, which is shown to be true only for beginning learners, and whether differences related to learners’ L1 can be observed, which seems to be the case. Secondly, the study links the emerging use of different es types and their relative frequencies to CEFR proficiency levels. A third focus regards the accuracy of es usage, which is generally high but differs among the various es functions, with anaphoric es presenting the greatest challenge for learners. A closer look at interlanguage structures reveals that learners often omit compulsory es and that they use redundant es in peculiar syntactic slots. Furthermore, the use of anaphoric es without clear textual reference regularly encumbers the reading process of the texts.
Effectiveness of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation for Treating Expansive Soils
Authors: Wei R. , Xiao J. Z. , Wu S. F. , Cai H. , Wang Z. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Expansive soil is a high-plasticity clay that expands rapidly when wetted or soaked with water and shrinks and cracks when it dries. Soil expansion often causes instability problems during construction of roadbeds or embankments. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), a novel soil treatment method, has drawn increased attention in recent decades because of its environmental friendliness and good performance in soil solidification. In this paper, the expansive soil slope treatment with MICP for the Yangtze-Jiangxi-Huaihe River Diversion Project in China is presented. The effectiveness and mechanism of Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria for inhibiting soil expansion were investigated experimentally. The results indicated that MICP treatment can significantly reduce the swelling and deformation of expansive soil and showed that the MICP treatment was feasible and effective in inhibiting soil expansion. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were adopted to study the changes in soil mineralogy after MICP treatment. These techniques helped to reveal the mechanism of MICP in treating expansive soils.
Genetic evaluation supports differential diagnosis in adolescent patients with delayed puberty
Authors: Saengkaew Tansit , Patel Heena R , Banerjee Kausik , Butler Gary , Dattani Mehul T , McGuigan Michael , Storr Helen L , Willemsen Ruben H , Dunkel Leo , Howard Sasha R 
Published: August 2021

Context
Pubertal delay can be the clinical presentation of both idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and self-limited delayed puberty (SLDP). Distinction between these conditions is a common but important diagnostic challenge in adolescents.

Objective
To assess whether gene panel testing can assist with clinical differential diagnosis and to allow accurate and timely management of delayed puberty patients.

Design
Retrospective study.

Methods
Patients presenting with delayed puberty to UK Paediatric services, followed up to final diagnosis, were included. Whole-exome sequencing was analysed using a virtual panel of genes previously reported to cause either IHH or SLDP to identify rarely predicted deleterious variants. Deleterious variants were verified by in silico prediction tools. The correlation between clinical and genotype diagnosis was analysed.

Results
Forty-six patients were included, 54% with a final clinical diagnosis of SLDP and 46% with IHH. Red flags signs of IHH were present in only three patients. Fifteen predicted deleterious variants in 12 genes were identified in 33% of the cohort, with most inherited in a heterozygous manner. A fair correlation between final clinical diagnosis and genotypic diagnosis was found. Panel testing was able to confirm a diagnosis of IHH in patients with pubertal delay. Genetic analysis identified three patients with IHH that had been previously diagnosed as SLDP.

Conclusion
This study supports the use of targeted exome sequencing in the clinical setting to aid the differential diagnosis between IHH and SLDP in adolescents presenting with pubertal delay. Genetic evaluation thus facilitates earlier and more precise diagnosis, allowing clinicians to direct treatment appropriately.
The role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Nardocci Chiara , Simon Judit , Kiss Fanni , Györke Tamás , Szántó Péter , Tárnoki Ádám Domonkos , Tárnoki Dávid László , Müller Veronika , Maurovich-Horvat Pál 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease lacking a definite etiology, characterized by the nonspecific symptoms of dyspnea and dry cough. Due to its poor prognosis, imaging techniques play an essential role in diagnosing and managing IPF. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been shown to be the most sensitive modality for the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. It is the primary imaging modality used for the assessment and follow-up of patients with IPF. Other not commonly used imaging methods are under research, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography are alternative imaging techniques. This literature review aims to provide a brief overview of the imaging of IPF-related alterations.
“A Hand Spills from the Book's Threshold”: Coauthorship's Readers
Authors: Laird Holly A. 
Published: August 2021

“You see?” said Knarf, suddenly rounding on Ord.“What about the story?” Ord asked. “It seems to have bogged down in world history. Did it ever get out again?”“The story goes on, but as the book rises to its crisis it shifts into the major theme of the whole community. It is people in a context and the context grows more and more important. They are only little fishes in a maelstrom.”“I'm fond of fish,” said Ord, obstinately, determined to get Knarf off his high horse. “What happened to that poor fish, Ally?”… … …Ally wasn't so much a fish as a limpet.Marking a narrative break in the twenty-fourth-century writer Knarf's novel about world war II, a novel Knarf recounts orally to his Friend Ord, this passage FromTomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow(1947; 342-43), by M. Barnard Eldershaw (pseudonym of Marjorie Barnard and Flora Eldershaw), enacts a scene of collaboration, falling just short of “full and equal” partnership (though perhaps all literary collaboration must thus fall). Knarf is a reader of his own text, a listener to his own story; the writer is continually in conversation—disagreeing and agreeing with—a would-be writer of the text; that conversation inflects, indeed inscribes itself in, the writer's writing, so that the would-be other writer—who is a reader and listener too—becomes inseparable from the text in process. Thematically contained in these relations, but also uncontainably circumscribing them, are “world history” and “community”: those suprapersonal entities both demand and are produced by collaboration(ism), yet they also overwhelm, dwarf, or marginalize “little fishes” like Ally, Ord, and Knarf. But, then again, world history and community are themselves elusive if meant as much more than fictions about and by little fishes, riding on their high horses.
The Case for Literature
Authors: Xingjian Gao 
Published: August 2021

I have no way of knowing whether it was fate that has pushed me onto this dais but as various lucky coincidences have created this opportunity I may as well call it fate. Putting aside discussion of the existence or non-existence of God. I would like to say that despite my being an atheist I have always shown reverence for the unknowable.A person cannot be God, certainly not replace God, and rule the world as a Superman; he will only succeed in creating more chaos and make a greater mess of the world. In the century after Nietzsche man-made disasters left the blackest records in the history of humankind. Supermen of all types called leader of the people, head of the nation and commander of the race did not baulk at resorting to various violent means in perpetrating crimes that in no way resemble the ravings of a very egotistic philosopher. However, I do not wish to waste this talk on literature by saying too much about politics and history, what I want to do is to use this opportunity to speak as one writer in the voice of an individual.
(Co)Labored Li(v)es; Or, Love's Labors Queered
Authors: Leonardi Susan J. , Pope Rebecca A. 
Published: August 2021

We felt the first stirrings of collaborative desire fifteen years ago. since then, we have published one book (and some miscellaneous pieces) together and have finished another. They are very different, though related, books, and while producing them we have had different, though related, thoughts about our collaborative authorship. One thing that collaboration teaches you is that there is no last word on anything. Someone looking over your shoulder or over your draft is going to find a better word or cross out your word entirely.A story of origins: We began to talk about writing a book together while trying to finish our dissertations. It was helpful to fantasize such a project—it presumed that the dissertations would get finished and that when they did, we would be alive and well and still writing. But the fantasy of collaboration addressed other anxieties, especially over the word original in the demand that the dissertation be a “significant and original contribution to scholarship.” Each of us knew how much her work depended on the scholarship she had read and how much the shape of her work had been affected by conversations, in reading groups or over coffee, with other graduate students, professors, friends, bartenders. Worse, in our theory classes we were being rewarded for pontificating about the demise of the very author we were working so hard to become. The notion of solitary authorship on which intellectual authority depends seemed a lie. At least in our cases. We certainly felt like frauds, but then as women in programs in which the students and professors were no longer exclusively but still predominantly male, we were perhaps predisposed to feeling like frauds. To write a book that had two signatures, we mused, would formally acknowledge that authors depend on other authors and would as well trouble the notions of original and originary. Intellectual honesty seemed to require the candid dismantling of the solitary author, of the original and originary genius.
Models of Globalization
Authors: Nethersole Reingard 
Published: August 2021

All of us are, willy-nilly, by design or by default, on the move. We are on the move even if, physically, we stay put: immobility is not a realistic option in a world of permanent change. And yet the effects of that new condition are radically unequal. Some of its become fully and truly “global”: some are fixed in their “locality” —a predicament neither pleasurable nor endurable in the world in which the “globals” set the tone and compose the rules of the life-game.—Zygmunt Bauman, Globalization: The Human Consequences (2)To say that globalization is ubiquitous is stating the obvious. for globalization has become a household word in boardrooms, local and international institutions, the academy, and the media. It also shapes the everyday life of all but the most disadvantaged communities. Besides having the world at my fingertips twenty-four hours a day, courtesy of CNN and other news channels, I am connected by a mere click of the mouse, even in South Africa, to colleagues across vast geographic distances locally and abroad. The supermarket down the road in my Johannesburg suburb offers me the choice of Oprah's Book Club, the “taste of Provence,” and African, Indian, Chinese, English, and a host of other flavors, not to mention Coca-Cola, because I live in a society made up of different cultures and ethnicities. Without having to move even a mile, I feel like M. de Vogüé, of whom Harper's Magazine said in 1892, “[He] loves travel; he goes to the East and to the West for colors and ideas; his interests are as wide as the universe; his ambition, to use a word of his own, is to be ‘global’” (“Global”).
Strong Ground Motion Prediction Model for PGV and Spectral Velocity for the Chilean Subduction Zone
Authors: Montalva Gonzalo A. , Bastías Nicolás , Leyton Felipe 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTGround-motion prediction models (GMPMs) are a critical tool in performing seismic hazard analyses; in turn, these studies condition structural designs. Consequently, new research has appeared not only with a regionalization focus but has also explored the prediction of intensities other than acceleration. We present a GMPM for peak ground velocity (PGV) and spectral velocity (Sv) for the Chilean subduction zone. Because of the limitations of VS30 as site proxy, the proposed model adds the site’s fundamental frequency (f0) as an explanatory variable for the site term in the GMPM. We developed the model for PGV and spectral response periods between 0.06 and 10 s. The total error (σ) of the model shows a slight reduction with the inclusion of the fundamental frequency (f0) compared with a similar model for the pseudoacceleration response spectrum in the same zone. We used the proposed model to predict structural damage during the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, showing a good fit with the geographical distribution of damage, and this creates an opportunity to characterize the seismic behavior of soil deposits, including basins, for urban planning.
An Empirical Method for Estimating Source Vicinity Ground-Motion Levels on Hard Bedrock and Annual Exceedance Probabilities for Inland Crustal Earthquakes with Sources Difficult to Identify in Advance
Authors: Tajima Reiko , Tanaka Hiroto , Wu Changjiang 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The locations and scales of the seismic sources of inland crustal earthquakes without surface fault traces (Mw≲6.5 in Japan) are difficult to identify in advance, even by conducting detailed surveys, and in such a case, it seems rational to uniformly evaluate ground-motion levels in the regions with similar seismogenic conditions. For such earthquakes, we first developed a technique to estimate ground-motion levels in a specific area by calculating the response spectra corresponding to nonexceedance probabilities (NEPs) based on probability density functions derived using strong-motion records. These records were used in the analysis after adjustments to the condition of being and on hard bedrock (VS≈2000–3000  m/s) in the source vicinity. Next, we developed an empirical method to estimate the correspondence between the NEP spectrum levels and their annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) by considering annual occurrence frequencies for the target event group. Moreover, we showed an example that applied our approach to all over Japan, where a large number of downhole records on stiff baserock (VS≈700–3000  m/s) have been obtained by the KiK-net, a dense nationwide network of vertical array stations (pairs of surface and downhole recordings). In the example, we demonstrated that the empirical AEP spectral levels using our method are consistent with AEP response spectra, that is, uniform hazard spectra, derived from the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using the kinematic fault rupture modeling method in a previous study.