bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): as a Potential Biocontrol for Curvularia lunata Invitro
Authors: Rahma H , Nurbailis  , Kristina N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rhizobacteria is an environmentally friendly and sustainable biocontrol agent, used as an alternative in the management of plant pathogens. Furthermore, their suppression mechanism often varies, as some are capable of producing antibiotic compounds, competing with, and increasing plant growth, although t some forms possess multiple control. This study, therefore, aims to determine the activity of rhizobacterial antibiosis against Curvularia lunata in vitro. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Biological Control, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Andalas University. In addition, the procedure required using an experimental method, which was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design. The antagonistic rhizobacterial selection of C. lunata was carried out using a dual culture test, on a total of 7 rhizobacteria, and 4 were selected, encompassing Stenotrophomonas malthopilia KJKB5.4, Stenotrophomonas pavanii LMTSA5.4, Bacillus cereus AJ34 and Alcaligenes faecalis AJ14 as potential candidates in the control of C. lunata, suppression effectiveness that was above 50%. In addition, it was also established that all four isolates the propensity to produce chitinase enzymes.
Developing User-Friendly E-module Hyper-content on Atomic Structure and Periodical Properties of Elements
Authors: Prima Sari Monica , Oktavia Rani , Arif Khairil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Connecting understanding on atomic structure to explain the periodical properties of elements has always been a challenge over the years. One of the factors behind this is the lack of availability of syllabus-relevant, user-friendly, practical and accessible learning resources on the topics. Therefore, this research and development study aims to produce a valid and practical e-module hyper-content to support the learning process of structure atom and periodical properties of element by preservice science teachers. The e-module was developed through ADDIE model which consists of five stages namely Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation. The validity test of the product was conducted through expert judgements and the practicality test was conducted involving 110 third semester students of Science Education Department of Universitas Negeri Padang. Result of the feasibility test indicated that the e-module with hyper-content on structure atom and periodical properties of elements belongs to very high category for both validity and practicality. Analysis of students’ responses on open-ended questionnaires revealed that this e-module is beneficial for better learning on the topic due to the ease of use and integrative way of presenting information on relevant topics.
Impact of Project Based Learning on Creative Thinking Skills and Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Fadhil M , Kasli E , Halim A , Evendi  , Mursal  , Yusrizal  
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the application of Project Based Learning (PjBL) on creative thinking skills (CTS) and student learning outcomes on vibrations and waves. The approach and design used were Quasi Experimental and the one-group posttest-pretest. Purposive sampling technique has been used to select 2 classes of research samples, namely class VIII-A (control) and VIII-B (experiment) high school students. Data collection on CTS and student learning outcomes (LO) using a test instrument in the form of multiple choice questions developed by the researcher. The data analysis used the normalized N-gain score formula and the percentage formula. The results of the data analysis show that the PjBL learning model can improve the CTS of the experimental class students with a high category compared to the control class. Student learning outcomes through the PjBL learning model show better than through non-PjBL. The conclusion in this study is that the PjBL model can improve creative thinking skills and student learning outcomes.
Achievement of Students’ Concept Mastery through Concept-based Learning and Drill Methods in Biology Instructional Methodology Course
Authors: Muttaqiin Arief , Lufri Lufri , Yogica Relsas , Fitri Rahmadhani 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aims to determine the achievement of students’ conceptual mastery in the Biology Instructional Methodology course through concept-based learning and drill methods. Data were collected using post-test questions to 40 pre-service biology teachers. This research is part of previous research, namely research on the development of a concept-based learning model and a drill method. Based on the data that has been collected and analysed, it is known that the achievement of student concept mastery is in the very satisfactory (C +) category with an average score of 64.90.
Effect Scientific Approach with Assistance of Student Worksheets based PBL towards Students’ Biology Affective Competence in Bacterial Learning Material
Authors: Lufri L , Laili F , Anhar A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose this research to know effect scientific approach with assistance of student worksheets based PBL towards students’ Biology affective competence. This research is quasi-experiment using randomized control posted only design. Students class X is population. Purposive sampling is the technique, X IPA 4 (experiment) while X IPA 3 (control). The observation sheet was used as an instrument. Mann Whitney U test as data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the biological affective competence of experimental and control students, namely the biological affective competence of experimental class students was higher than the control class. The average experimental score 3.35 (B) and control 2.95 (C). The conclusion of this research is scientific approach with assistance of student worksheet based PBL on students enable them to increase their affective competence.
Dynamic range extension of the Tibet underground muon detectors for measurements up to the knee energy region with 3-inch photomultipliers
Authors: Lin Y.H. , Huang J. , Chen D. , Ohnishi M. , Zhang Y. , Zhai L.M. , Chen X. , Fang J.H. , Meng Y. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming to study the primary cosmic-ray mass composition up to the knee energy region with the Tibet underground water-Cherenkov muon-detector array (MD), we propose to extend the dynamic range of each MD detector with an 8-inch PMT (Beijing Hamamatsu CR365) and a 3-inch PMT (HZC XP72B22). We carried out a series of tests on the candidate 3-inch XP72B22 PMT to examine whether it can meet our requirements. The measurement results showed that the XP72B22 has a wide dynamic range of 3 orders of magnitude and a linear response up to ∼105 photoelectrons (PEs) at the supply voltage of 700 V. Combined with previous test results of the CR365, these two types of PMT can achieve an equivalent dynamic range from 30 to 106 PEs. As a result, an MD cell is able to detect cosmic rays around the knee energies by adding the CR365 and the XP72B22.
Suppression of spurious neutrons for the neutron detector used in small angle neutron scattering
Authors: Fang Z. , Liu L. , Yang Y. , Li Y. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) measures the angular distribution of neutrons scattered by the sample to calculate the momentum transfer in the scattering process. However, the incident neutrons may firstly undergo unwanted collisions with the detector’s structural material before they are registered. The detection of such spurious neutrons might lead to a biased interpretation to the microstructure of the inspected sample. A newly-designed boron-lined honeycomb converter based gaseous neutron detector is introduced in this study to provide a capability for suppressing the spurious neutrons. The simulation and experimental results indicate that a 3 to 10 times improvement for the spurious neutron suppression capability could be achieved.
On the distribution of the Rudin-Shapiro function for finite fields
Authors: Dartyge Cécile , Mérai László , Winterhof Arne 
Published: June 2021

Let

q
=

p
r

q=p^r

be the power of a prime

p
p

and

(

β
1

,
…
,

β
r

)

(\beta _1,\ldots ,\beta _r)

be an ordered basis of

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

over

F

p

\mathbb {F}_p

. For

ξ
=

∑

j
=
1

r

x
j

β
j

∈

F

q

with digits

x
j

∈

F

p

,

\begin{equation*} \xi =\sum _{j=1}^r x_j\beta _j\in \mathbb {F}_q \quad \text {with digits }x_j\in \mathbb {F}_p, \end{equation*}

we define the Rudin-Shapiro function

R
R

on

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

by

R
(
ξ
)
=

∑

i
=
1

r
−
1

x
i

x

i
+
1

,

ξ
∈

F

q

.

\begin{equation*} R(\xi )=\sum _{i=1}^{r-1} x_ix_{i+1}, \quad \xi \in \mathbb {F}_q. \end{equation*}

For a non-constant polynomial

f
(
X
)
∈

F

q

[
X
]

f(X)\in \mathbb {F}_q[X]

and

c
∈

F

p

c\in \mathbb {F}_p

we study the number of solutions

ξ
∈

F

q

\xi \in \mathbb {F}_q

of

R
(
f
(
ξ
)
)
=
c

R(f(\xi ))=c

. If the degree

d
d

of

f
(
X
)

f(X)

is fixed,

r
≥
6

r\ge 6

and

p
→
∞

p\rightarrow \infty

, the number of solutions is asymptotically

p

r
−
1

p^{r-1}

for any

c
c

. The proof is based on the Hooley-Katz Theorem.
A topological invariant for continuous fields of Cuntz algebras II
Authors: Sogabe Taro 
Published: June 2021

We investigate an invariant for continuous fields of the Cuntz algebra

O

n
+
1

\mathcal {O}_{n+1}

introduced by Taro Sogabe [Math. Ann. 380 (2021), pp. 91–117], and find a way to obtain a continuous field of

M

n

(

O

∞

)

\mathbb {M}_n(\mathcal {O}_\infty )

from that of

O

n
+
1

\mathcal {O}_{n+1}

using the construction of the invariant. By Brown’s representability theorem, this gives a bijection from the set of the isomorphism classes of continuous fields of

O

n
+
1

\mathcal {O}_{n+1}

to those of

M

n

(

O

∞

)

\mathbb {M}_n(\mathcal {O}_\infty )

. As a consequence, we obtain a new proof for M. Dadarlat’s classification result of continuous fields of

O

n
+
1

\mathcal {O}_{n+1}

arising from vector bundles, which corresponds to those of

M

n

(

O

∞

)

\mathbb {M}_n(\mathcal {O}_\infty )

stably isomorphic to the trivial field.
Cross talk-dependent cortical patterning of Rho GTPases during cell repair
Authors: Moe Alison , Holmes William , Golding Adriana E. , Zola Jessica , Swider Zachary T , Edelstein-Keshet Leah , Bement William 
Published: June 2021

Rho GTPases such as Rho, Rac and Cdc42 are important regulators of the cortical cytoskeleton in processes including cell division, locomotion and repair. In these processes, Rho GTPases assume characteristic patterns wherein the active GTPases occupy mutually exclusive “zones” in the cell cortex. During cell wound repair, for example, a Rho zone encircles the wound edge and is in turn encircled by a Cdc42 zone. Here we evaluated the contributions of crosstalk between Rho and Cdc42 to the patterning of their respective zones in wounded Xenopus oocytes using experimental manipulations in combination with mathematical modeling. The results show that the position of the Cdc42 zone relative the Rho zone and relative to the wound edge is controlled by the level of Rho activity. In contrast, the outer boundary of the Rho zone is limited by the level of Cdc42 activity. Models based on positive feedback within zones and negative feedback from Rho to the GEF-GAP Abr to Cdc42 capture some, but not all, of the observed behaviors. We conclude that GTPase zone positioning is controlled at the level of Rho activity and we speculate that the Cdc42 zone or something associated with it limits the spread of Rho activity. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text]
Associations between inflammation, cardiovascular biomarkers and incident frailty: the British Regional Heart Study
Authors: McKechnie Douglas G J , Papacosta A Olia , Lennon Lucy T , Ramsay Sheena E , Whincup Peter H , Wannamethee S Goya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic inflammation are implicated in the development of frailty. Longitudinal analyses of inflammatory markers, biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction and incidence of frailty are limited.

Methods
in the British Regional Heart Study, 1,225 robust or pre-frail men aged 71–92 years underwent a baseline examination, with questionnaire-based frailty assessment after 3 years. Frailty definitions were based on the Fried phenotype. Associations between incident frailty and biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)) and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) were examined, by tertile, with the lowest as reference.

Results
follow-up data were available for 981 men. Ninety one became frail. Adjusted for age, pre-frailty, prevalent and incident CVD, comorbidity, polypharmacy and socioeconomic status, IL-6 (third tertile OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.07–5.17) and hs-cTnT (third tertile OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.03–4.90) were associated with increased odds of frailty. CRP (third tertile OR 1.83, 95% CI 0.97–4.08) and NT-proBNP (second tertile OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–1.01) showed no significant association with incident frailty. The top tertiles of CRP, IL-6, hscTnT and NT-proBNP were strongly associated with mortality prior to follow-up.

Conclusion
IL-6 is associated with incident frailty, supporting the prevailing argument that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of frailty. Cardiomyocyte injury may be associated with frailty risk. Associations between elevated CRP and frailty cannot be fully discounted; NT-proBNP may have a non-linear relationship with incident frailty. CRP, IL-6, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP are vulnerable to survivorship bias.
efam: an expanded, metaproteome-supported HMM profile database of viral protein families
Authors: Zayed Ahmed A , Lücking Dominik , Mohssen Mohamed , Cronin Dylan , Bolduc Ben , Gregory Ann C , Hargreaves Katherine R , Piehowski Paul D , White III Richard A , Huang Eric L , Adkins Joshua N , Roux Simon , Moraru Cristina , Sullivan Matthew B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Viruses infect, reprogram and kill microbes, leading to profound ecosystem consequences, from elemental cycling in oceans and soils to microbiome-modulated diseases in plants and animals. Although metagenomic datasets are increasingly available, identifying viruses in them is challenging due to poor representation and annotation of viral sequences in databases.

Results
Here, we establish efam, an expanded collection of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profiles that represent viral protein families conservatively identified from the Global Ocean Virome 2.0 dataset. This resulted in 240 311 HMM profiles, each with at least 2 protein sequences, making efam &gt;7-fold larger than the next largest, pan-ecosystem viral HMM profile database. Adjusting the criteria for viral contig confidence from ‘conservative’ to ‘eXtremely Conservative’ resulted in 37 841 HMM profiles in our efam-XC database. To assess the value of this resource, we integrated efam-XC into VirSorter viral discovery software to discover viruses from less-studied, ecologically distinct oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) marine habitats. This expanded database led to an increase in viruses recovered from every tested OMZ virome by ∼24% on average (up to ∼42%) and especially improved the recovery of often-missed shorter contigs (&lt;5 kb). Additionally, to help elucidate lesser-known viral protein functions, we annotated the profiles using multiple databases from the DRAM pipeline and virion-associated metaproteomic data, which doubled the number of annotations obtainable by standard, single-database annotation approaches. Together, these marine resources (efam and efam-XC) are provided as searchable, compressed HMM databases that will be updated bi-annually to help maximize viral sequence discovery and study from any ecosystem.

Availability and implementation
The resources are available on the iVirus platform at (doi.org/10.25739/9vze-4143).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The molecular mechanisms underlying acrosome biogenesis elucidated by gene-manipulated mice†
Authors: Xiong Wenfeng , Shen Chunling , Wang Zhugang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSexual reproduction requires the fusion of two gametes in a multistep and multifactorial process termed fertilization. One of the main steps that ensures successful fertilization is acrosome reaction. The acrosome, a special kind of organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior portion of sperm head, plays a key role in the process. Acrosome biogenesis begins with the initial stage of spermatid development, and it is typically divided into four successive phases: the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosome phase, and maturation phase. The run smoothly of above processes needs an active and specific coordination between the all kinds of organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, trans-Golgi network, and nucleus) and cytoplasmic structures (acroplaxome and manchette). During the past two decades, an increasing number of genes have been discovered to be involved in modulating acrosome formation. Most of these proteins interact with each other and show a complicated molecular regulatory mechanism to facilitate the occurrence of this event. This review focuses on the progresses of studying acrosome biogenesis using gene-manipulated mice and highlights an emerging molecular basis of mammalian acrosome formation.
It’s not just About Poverty: Capital, Inequality, and Antisocial Behaviour in Schools
Authors: Pantoja Fernando 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany studies about antisocial behaviour (ASB) in the school environment are based on a single conceptual and theoretical framework, producing partial results that limit our understanding of the problem. Using a more inclusive approach, this paper uses survey data from the educational system in Mexico to explore the relationship between the forms of capital introduced by Bourdieu (1986), their associated inequalities, and the perception of ASB of students of secondary schools. The results show that social capital was the only form of capital with a consistent effect across all types of schools and localities. Economic and cultural capital and their associated inequalities were linked to the perception of ASB but only amongst students of some types of schools and localities. It is concluded that further analyses must take into account various aspects at the individual and school level, but particularly understand the unique characteristics of different environments.
Hidden Markov Modeling Reveals Prolonged “Baseline” State and Shortened Antagonistic State across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Chen Keyu , Li Chaofan , Sun Wei , Tao Yunyun , Wang Ruidi , Hou Wen , Liu Dong-Qiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The brain networks undergo functional reorganization across the whole lifespan, but the dynamic patterns behind the reorganization remain largely unclear. This study models the dynamics of spontaneous activity of large-scale networks using hidden Markov model (HMM), and investigates how it changes with age on two adult lifespan datasets of 176/157 subjects (aged 20–80 years). Results for both datasets showed that 1) older adults tended to spend less time on a state where default mode network (DMN) and attentional networks show antagonistic activity, 2) older adults spent more time on a “baseline” state with moderate-level activation of all networks, accompanied with lower transition probabilities from this state to the others and higher transition probabilities from the others to this state, and 3) HMM exhibited higher sensitivity in uncovering the age effects compared with temporal clustering method. Our results suggest that the aging brain is characterized by the shortening of the antagonistic instances between DMN and attention systems, as well as the prolongation of the inactive period of all networks, which might reflect the shift of the dynamical working point near criticality in older adults.
Post-Vaccination Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections and Incidence of the Presumptive B.1.427/B.1.429 Variant Among Healthcare Personnel at a Northern California Academic Medical Center
Authors: Jacobson Karen B , Pinsky Benjamin A , Montez Rath Maria E , Wang Hannah , Miller Jacob A , Skhiri Mehdi , Shepard John , Mathew Roshni , Lee Grace , Bohman Bryan , Parsonnet Julie , Holubar Marisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Although mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines report &gt;90% efficacy, breakthrough infections occur. Little is known about their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the highly prevalent B.1.427/B.1.429 variant.

Methods
In this quality improvement project, we collected demographic and clinical information from post-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 cases (PVSCs), defined as healthcare personnel (HCP) with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test after receiving ≥1 vaccine dose. Available specimens were tested for L452R, N501Y, and E484K mutations using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Mutation prevalence was compared among unvaccinated, early post-vaccinated (≤14 days after dose 1), partially vaccinated (positive test &gt;14 days after dose 1 and &lt;14 days after dose 2), and fully vaccinated (&gt;14 days after dose 2) PVSCs.

Results
From December 2020 to April 2021, ≥23 090 HCP received ≥1 dose of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and 660 HCP cases of SARS-CoV-2 occurred, of which 189 were PVSCs. Among the PVSCs, 114 (60.3%), 49 (25.9%), and 26 (13.8%) were early post-vaccination, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated, respectively. Of 261 available samples from vaccinated and unvaccinated HCP, 103 (39.5%), including 42 PVSCs (36.5%), had the L452R mutation presumptive of B.1.427/B.1.429. When adjusted for community prevalence of B.1.427/B.1.429, PVSCs did not have significantly elevated risk of B.1.427/B.1.429 compared with unvaccinated HCP.

Conclusions
Most PVSCs occurred prior to expected onset of full, vaccine-derived immunity. Presumptive B.1.427/B.1.429 was not more prevalent in post-vaccine cases than in unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 HCP. Continued infection control measures, particularly &lt;14 days post-vaccination, and continued variant surveillance in PVSCs are imperative to control future SARS-CoV-2 surges.
Unusual high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in South Brazil
Authors: Zorzetto Renata , Klein Rafaela Luiza , Erpen Luana Marina Sheer , Klein Bárbara Diel , Giacobbo Igor , da Silveira Rafael Arrua , Frandoloso Rafael , Kreutz Luiz Carlos 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTHepatitis E virus (HEV) is worldwide distributed and might cause acute or chronic hepatitis mainly in immunocompromised individuals. In previous studies we found a high prevalence of antibodies to HEV within blood donors in south Brazil and also within backyard-raised pigs. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-HEV antibody and HEV RNA within the general population from three major municipalities (Caxias do Sul, Passo Fundo and Santa Maria) in south Brazil. A total of 3000 blood samples were randomly obtained from clinical laboratories at each of the three municipality (n = 1000 each) to determine the presence of anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA. Overall, anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 574/1000 (57,4%) samples in Caxias do Sul, 655/1000 (65.5%) samples in Passo Fundo and 554/1000 (55.4%) samples in Santa Maria. The prevalence of HEV-positive samples increased steadily and significantly (P &lt; 0,001) with age and was unusually higher within individual over 40 years. Despite of this, none of the pooled serum samples had detectable levels of HEV RNA. The high anti-HEV antibody prevalence suggests that the virus might be present on the environment and/or foodstuff and poses a permanent threat to immune-compromised individuals.