bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galactic neutrino sources
Authors: Niro V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Among the sources detected by the HAWC telescope in the galactic plane, we will consider the eHWC J1825-134 source and show the prospects to detect this source at the KM3NeT detector. Moreover, we consider the prospects to detect the source RX J1713.7-3946 in a fully hadronic and in a lepto-hadronic scenario. Considering the IceCube detector, instead, we present a detailed study of the gamma-ray sources eHWC J1907+063 and found that a detection at 3σ or more at the IceCube detector should be within reach of the next decade. We consider also the source 2HWC J1857+027, which is coincident with the location of an IceCube neutrino excess. For this source, a detection at 3σ will depend on the specific value of the flux, on the extension and on the cut-off energy.
Impact of Steel Fiber on the Mechanical Property of Concrete Containing Mineral Admixture
Authors: Bhat Aamir Ahmad , Alam Shamshad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes the mechanical behaviour of concrete containing fly ash, silica fume, and steel fibre, with 331 kg/m3 cement, 674 kg/m3 fine aggregate, and 1171 kg/m3 coarse aggregate. A concrete mixture with a water-binder ratio of 0.40 is prepared. Mineral admixtures such as silica fume and fly ash were also added to the cement in concentrations of 10% and 20%, respectively. The steel fibres are then incorporated in various proportion (0.5 percent, 1.0 percent, 1.5 percent, and 2.0 percent). The cube-shaped sample is used to test the compressive strength of hardened concrete with and without steel fibre, while the cylindrical sample and beam are utilised for indirect tensile and flexural strength testing. On the three replicas, all of the tests with various percentages of steel fibre were carried out, and the average value is reported in this article. The concrete without steel fibre had average compressive, flexural, and tensile properties of 60.05 MPa, 5.72 MPa, and 9.45 MPa, respectively and after adding 2 percent steel fibre, it increased to 74.25 MPa, 6.14 MPa, and 23.68 MPa, respectively, after 28 days. By performing a nonlinear analysis of the experimental data, a link between the percentages of steel fibre, curing days, compressive-tensile strength ratio, and compressive-flexural strength ratio has been established. The current study will help in lowering cement use, therefore minimising the negative environmental effect of cement manufacturing.
Soil exploration using ground penetrating radar
Authors: Khan Zehra , Sharma Tarun , Khan Naiyara , Magray Adil Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeophysical methods are extensively utilized in the field of geology and in geotechnical engineering such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. These methods are used to locate or to understand conditions below the ground surface, and the physical properties of subsurface. GPR also known as Radio Detecting and Ranging is based on the electromagnetic waves. It is a specially designed radar unit for transmitting electromagnetic pulses below the ground instead of air. In GPR the medium is soil which is heterogeneous and has higher attenuation rate than air. This method is used to measure the length, depth or to locate the soil layers and its deposits. GPR is one of the most versatile sensors; it provides high resolution profiles for shallow depth. GPR has been used in diverse fields such as archaeology, non-destructive testing, probing underground caves, detecting landmines, mapping pipes and conduits, investigating the reinforcement and conditions of roads, bridges and airport runways, to name a few. Use of this technique/method is being extensively adopted from recent years because of its properties and vast applications. The main applications of GPR in subsurface mapping are: mapping of subsurface utility structures, detection and mapping of unexploded ordnance and mines, extraction of hazardous waste containers or unexploded ammunitions, maintenance or repair of subsurface structures. This paper presents an understanding of the concept or the need of GPR dedicated to civil engineering applications in general and in the field of geotechnical engineering in particular.
Synthesis of Carbon Fiber Composites and Different Methods to Improve its Mechanical Properties: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Tomar Ravinder Kumar , Agarwal Krishna Mohan , Kaushik Harsh , Singh S K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Efficient and innovative products can be made using high strength and lighter weight (almost half the steel weight) in modern-day automobile industries. One such material is Carbon Fiber, and it is used as its composites made with the help of epoxy resins. Carbon Fibers applications are increasing in use, in both the aerospace and automobile industries. The corrosion resistance and damping properties of the material can be put to better use in constructions that are heavily strained. The paper aims to review the manufacturing of Carbon fiber composites and their mechanical properties (tensile & flexural strength), which ultimately deals with their applications in the automobile industry. Also, it deals with a review of a few methods or substances used to improve the mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites.
Experimental analysis of basic mechanical properties of concrete upon replacement with silica fume and steel slag
Authors: Verma Nitin , Singh Balwinder 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The prime aim in this paper is to find out the effect of Silica Fume and Steel Slag replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively in the concrete matrix. The research included replacement of constant percentage of silica fume i.e. 10% with cement and varying percentages of steel slag replacements viz. 40%, 45%, 50% and 55% with fine aggregates. It was found from the experimental investigations that optimum results for strength in compression, flexure and split case for concrete were established on 10% of silica fume replacement for steel slag and 50% replacement of steel slag with sand.
Research paper on improvement of road infrastructure to implement road safety at an intersection of military hospital road.
Authors: Hamid Shaista , Arora Nitin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Geometrical plan lacks on existing streets would prompt an expected mishap, for example, a mishap occurs at the sharp bends, layered asphalt conditions, and dangerous asphalt surface. Street auto collision has been expanding in the Southern Region of Tigray, of which this region was appeared to have disturbing rates. As indicated by the Southern Tigray Regional Police, the more rate of street car crashes were recorded in Garhi, Brimah pull and jekhani regions. This examination study zeroed in on the investigation of auto collisions identified with mathematical plan boundaries of the current black top street. While the information for the investigation covered course information, auto collision report from the police headquarters containing a few wounds, crashes, and destroyed the properties, just as meetings and poll studies to individuals who are straightforwardly engaged with street voyages, are thought of. The essential information has basically covered the math of the street which was estimated during the site study, street security review utilizing the agenda, meeting, and poll study. Then again, the auxiliary information gathered from the traffic the executive’s office in the area workplaces. On this, the outcomes introduced as line diagrams, pie outlines, figures for street car crash and sketch for the proposed improvement in the street plan issue. In view of the aftereffects of the investigation in the year 2015 to year 2019, it discovered that there were 1866 Road Traffic Accidents have been happening nearby the overview street areas. It uncovered that the essential driver of street car crashes in the investigation region exuded from the street plan components because of some mathematical lacks at the auto collision inclined regions uncovered that the essential driver of street car crashes in the examination region radiated from the street plan components because of some mathematical insufficiencies at the car crash inclined regions. Hence, this investigation reasoned that the recurrence of event of street auto collisions and the figure of setbacks is altogetherexpanding. This street mishap would endure if the concerned offices don’t satisfactorily address the disease.
A Case Study on Pre-Opening Stage Road Safety Audit
Authors: Ashish  , Dass Sachin , Jaglan Saurabh , Ahlawat Aman , Suthar Manju 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Transportation has been instrumental in the growth of cultures since the dawn of time, allowing individuals to migrate and goods to be transported. A poorly aligned road not only creates a possible traffic threat but also increases commuting costs and puts a burden on drivers and travellers. As a result, careful decisions are critical in highway construction, both in terms of current needs and the potential growth of the region. A Road Safety Audit is a critical technique for paying detailed attention to road safety during the planning, construction, and maintenance phases of a road. The two key techniques in road safety work are accident reduction and accident prevention. This study focuses on both aspects. The road chosen in this study is another District Road in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh. It originates from Fatehganj Paschmi near NH-530 and merges with SH-37 at Baheri. Road Safety Audit is conducted on the road section before opening it to the traffic. This is a two-lane road without a paved shoulder in which Bareilly-Shahi Road also merges from the side at Chainage km 3+400. It has a Major Junction at Chainage km 10+000 which is densely populated Shahi Village. This study is about the road safety measures adopted on the newly built Bhitoura-Shahi-Shergarh-Baheri road and identifies any flaws that could result in an accident or pose a safety risk to road users. It is constructed to liberate people from traffic congestion. During the day, there is a lot of traffic on the road. On the basis of primary and secondary data collection, a systematic analysis of the road section is carried out. The methodology used entails gathering primary data performing a physical survey (inventory) and analyzing the observations, and secondary data from the appropriate authorities. Various recommendations to improve the deficiencies in order to ensure safe and efficient mobility are suggested as per IRC. The plants and tree along the road sides although control pollution of vehicles yet sometimes their branches have to be cut to reduce accidents.
Strength Properties of Foamed Concrete Containing Blends of Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
Authors: Rizwan Khan Ahmad , Seema  , Tiwary Aditya Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study was planned to study the influence of Rice Husk ash (RHA) on fresh and hardened properties of foamed concrete. The percentage replacement levels of RHA for fine aggregates (FA) were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Production of light weight concrete was carried out with foam which was produced indigenously using a foaming agent (Foamtech). The theoretical density of foamed concrete containing 0% replacement level of Rice husk ash (RHA) was kept to be equal to 1300 ± 50 kg/m3. The actual density observed for foamed concrete containing 0% replacement level of RHA during experimental analysis was 1317 kg/m3. At curing age of 7, 14, 28, 56, and 90 days, the hardened foamed concrete cube specimens of size 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm were evaluated for compressive strength and 150 mm × 300 mm for split tensile strength. At a curing age of 28 days, the cube specimens were also examined for water absorption and dry density. For all of the foamed concrete mixes, the cement and fine aggregate content were kept the same. The water-cement ratio was maintained at 0.5. The only difference among all the mixes was the replacement level of RHA 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The amount of foaming agent was varied according to the replacement levels of RHA to ensure good workability of paste. All the results of various properties were compared with the control mix. It may be noted that 0% replacement level of RHA with FA has been considered a control mix. The maximum and minimum compressive strengths, split tensile strengths and dry densities were shown by control mix and mix containing 20% replacement level of RHA respectively. On the other hand, the minimum and maximum water absorption capacities were shown by control mix and mix containing 20% replacement level of RHA respectively.
Waterproofing of primary lining in tunnel using nano chemicals and soil modifiers in Concrete
Authors: Parray Ubaid Ali , Singh Harpreet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of waterproofing chemicals in the field of concrete technology has proven a significant boom in the civil engineering industry by increasing the life of concrete structures. The materials such as nano-acrylic polymers resulted, significant control over the water leakage and damping conditions especially Terrasil and Zycobond and various nano sealers such as Zycoprime+ and Zycosil+. In this study, the primary focus is to waterproof tunnels using the various acrylic, nano-technological, and soil modifier chemicals to stabilize the tunnel structure in areas of hilly terrain. The use of these chemicals has been sourced in other areas of application but the least glance is seen in the field of tunnel engineering. These chemicals bind with the concrete and form a hydrophobic layer thus decreasing the permeability of concrete structure. In the present study the percentage of Zycobond and Terrasil used was 1.5% by weight of concrete and the ratio for Zs+:Zp+:water was 1:2:20. Tunnels especially in hilly terrain pass the flowing streams, thus making it more prone to damping conditions. So, poor site conditions result in less durability of concrete as well as steel, therefore improvement in engineering properties using these chemicals is primarily sought out in this paper. The factors considered during the use were the permeability, strength, volumetric analysis of chemicals, material properties etc. Water-proofing the concrete improves various engineering properties such as permeability, compressive strength, durability, strength, and various other properties of Concrete. The study emphasized to gauge the viability of Zycosil+ and Zycoprime+, Terrasil and Zycobond as waterproofing agents in concrete.
Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Analysis and Ground Improvement as a Remedial Measure: A Review
Authors: Hussain Ubaid , Tangri Amanpreet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Liquefaction is the phenomenon in which partially or fully saturated, loose sandy soils behave like a liquid due to loss of strength and rigidity owing to sudden increase in the pore water pressure as a result of dynamic loading such as earthquake. Liquefaction induced by dynamic loading as a result of earthquake is the most destructive feature of earthquake that may results in settlements and collapse of structures. The severity of this phenomenon can be predetermined by the geological and hydro-geological setup of the soil in the study area. The aim of this study is to present a review of various aspects of earthquake induced liquefaction analysis, case evidences from field studies and some of the liquefaction hazards from past earthquakes. Remedial measures using ground improvement techniques to prevent liquefaction hazard is also studied in this paper. Further, investigating the performance of remedial methods against liquefaction is also presented in this paper.
Roadway Safety Assessment and Star Rating using iRAP along SH-11A (Jind-Kaithal) in Haryana
Authors: Sunil  , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Figures cross 3,500 deaths and casualties on roads all around world every day in low- and middle-income countries and contribute about 90% of the 1.25 million road deaths. This number of road deaths is projected to increase by 50 percent by 2020. The compound problem for developing countries is caused by the rapid development of roads, irrespective of design or security, lack of attention to vulnerable road users and lack of a culture of road safety (i.e., safe behaviour, vehicle safety regulations, road safety policy, road safety assessment, and enforcement). This paper deals with the star rating and road safety assessment of State Highway-11A, Jind-Kaithal, Haryana though the section is straight but numerous causalities were reported on the route in recent years. ViDA, an online road safety assessment and star rating analysis tool is used to get the Star Rating Scores and Safer Roads Investment Plans.
Characteristics of unfired soil blocks stabilized with industrial waste and agricultural waste
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Singh Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The problem of pollution is on daily rise and environment protection is becoming challengeable task due to production of fired bricks and improper disposal of waste materials. This experimental investigation is conducted on unfired compacted soil block stabilized with waste materials. The waste materials utilized in this investigation were paddy straw fiber, sugarcane bagasse ash and marble dust because of their improper disposal and burning of paddy straw is one of them. Marble dust was put on at distinct percentages in the span of 25% to 35%, bagasse ash and paddy straw fibers (75mm length) were also added in varied %age. Experiments were conducted on the blocks to determine the compaction properties and compressive strength of the blocks. The outcome of this experimentation determined that the light weight unfired admixed soil block is achievable with optimum amount of waste materials. Also, inclusion of marble dust in soil block admixed with bagasse ash and paddy straw fiber increases the compressive strength.
Mechanical characteristics of concrete containing basalt fiber and recycled aggregate
Authors: Hemant  , Sharma Rachit , Thakur Ankush , Aditya Tiwary Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The potential of construction waste as an alternative to the constituents of concrete has been generally examined to demonstrate their utility and ensure the climate and/or environment of its otherwise ill effects. The mechanical characteristics of concrete are investigated to comprehend its behaviour under compressive, tensile, and flexural loads. This experimental study investigates the effect of supplanting proportions of river aggregates with waste coarse aggregates in addition to the effect of basalt fiber additions on concrete mixes with (25 and 50%) substitutions of recycled waste coarse aggregates (RWCA). The workability of concrete mixes was negatively affected with recycled aggregates and/or basalt fiber inclusions. Using recycled aggregates with 25 and 50% replacements decreases the strength of concrete. On utilizing discrete proportions of basalt fiber with natural coarse aggregates, the strength was higher as compared to control mix however increasing the percentage of basalt fiber from 1% to 3% the compressive strength was reduced. On incorporating additions of basalt fiber with different proportions of RWCA, the strength of concrete was deteriorated as the percentage of fiber was increasing. For natural aggregates, the inclusion of fibers has negative effect on compressive strength however the tensile strength was increased with higher percentage of fibers. The inclusions of fibers to 25% recycled aggregate mixes, split tensile strength was much higher as compared to control mix. It was concluded that addition of basalt fibers provides a viable option to recycle recycled aggregate in concrete production.
Traffic Study and Analysis of Highway (NH5) from Balongi to Kharar
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Singh Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of in service pavements is very vital for keeping them in good serviceable condition because pavements deteriorate with age and traffic loading. To get a complete idea of the existing condition of any pavement both structural and functional evaluation are necessary. This study aims to investigate the accidental spots, traffic volume, and pavement condition. For this survey, the location of Kharar was chosen i.e. Balongi to Kharar Bus-Stand of 7 km stretch. The road initiates with intersection near Kharar bus stand and passes through many in between intersections near Sunny Enclave, VR Punjab Mall which are prime locations in that area. This road also connects with T junction and connects to NH5 / NH7 via Airport road. The data collected was processed, categorized and analyzed to generate reports for vehicle classification, hourly traffic variation, accidental black spots, pavement condition and origin & destination of trips.
Experimental Study of Compressed Soil Bricks with Partial Replacement of Soil by Bagasse Ash, Marble Powder and Rice Straw
Authors: Sharma Raghav , Sharma Tarun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The problem of pollution is increasing daily due to excessive production and improper disposal of the waste. some waste like ashes and stone powder can be easily utilize in the concrete or with any other construction material like paver block or bricks. To utilize material like marble powder bagasse ash and rice straw effectively the experimental study of Earth compressed bricks is conducted. This paper deals about the mechanical properties of earth compressed bricks which are made up of soil and the add-ons are marble powder, bagasse ash and rice straw fiber with different ratios of combination. This ratios are for marble powder 20%, 30% and 40%. for bagasse ash it is 7% 10% and 13% and for rice straw it is .5%, .75% and 1%. The compression property of bricks is increased when the marble powder is increased with less water absorption in soil because waste marble powder does not absorbs water and due to its fine partical size it fills the voids in the bricks and creates good packing of the bricks. Water is absorbed by Rice Straw and bagasse ash which results in increase of the water absorption capacity of earth compressed bricks.
Supplementary cementitious materials in concrete and associated structural and environmental benefits: A review
Authors: Firdous Mahapara , Singh Balwinder 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are the materials which can replace certain amount of cement in concrete. In this way, they not only enhance the properties of concrete but also assist in reducing several environment-related issues. This review article presents the various SCMs that have proven beneficial in replacing cement in concrete. In this regard, the various SCMs discussed are fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), metakaolin (MK), limestone filler, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and nanoparticles (NPs). Further, among the various NPs, nano-TiO2 (NT) and its addition in concrete and benefits were explained briefly. This article also highlights the NT-based photocatalytic degradation of the various contaminants of the environmental media i.e., water and air. Subsequently, the emphasis was also given on the discussion of its practical usage and then the various structures, comprising NT, built all around the world were also presented. This article concluded that more comprehensive review articles need to be published to encourage the developing nations also adopt the NT-based concrete structures. In this way, impacts associated with the various air pollution sources i.e., stubble burning, vehicular pollution etc., can be mitigated.