bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kajian Kritis terhadap Pengaturan Pemilihan Gubernur Bupati dan Walikota di Indonesia Tahun 2020
Authors: Muslih M 
Published: March 2021

The selection of regional heads in the perspective of the law is identical to the implementation of the law, as the state of law then every activity should be based on legal regulations as a guide as well as a legal benchmark is not tender an action related to the selection of On the other hand the legislation that regulates the selection of regional heads is relatively numerous and is spread over several statutory regulatory documents. The ideality of the regional head elections is strongly influenced by the level of public law awareness, where one indicator is the knowledge (identification) of the law. If the identification of the legal norm encountered a problem due to a pattern of less efficient legal communication will provide a burden of influence on the level of legal awareness of society which in turn will affect the quality of regional head selection. This article aims to describe how easy it is to know and understand the legal norms of regional head elections in Indonesia. The scope of this writing discredited the high dynamics and widespread the spread of the electoral regulations of the regional head, therefore the methodology used is normative legal research methods with qualitative analysis. One of the modern legal properties is its accurate predicting. Departing from the teaching, the setting of regional head elections in such a way will cause a domino effect/implication, difficult to identify positive norms, consequently legal knowledge and the understanding of law selection of the head of the Deaarah will be difficult to achieve. This reality causes a level of legal awareness that is expected to be difficult to realize, the awareness of the law is not ideal, will lead to the implementation of the head of the territory is not ideal. Such conditions will potentially encourage the election of regional head candidates who are also not ideal.
Siembra a través de kilómetros
Authors: Bernal Blanco Fabian Esteban , Sandoval Echavarria Susan Camila , Castillo Melo Johan Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo contiene información sobre la implementación de una carrera atlética por parte de estudiantes de entrenamiento deportivo de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, esto con el fin de generar tanto la masiva integración de toda la comunidad de dicha universidad, y por otra parte, como una pequeña contribución para mejorar los problemas que se desencadenan debido al cambio climático en todo el mundo.
La carrera mencionada anteriormente se realiza con el fin de plantar árboles en la ciudad de Bogotá, y de esta manera ayudar a que los bosques y la fauna recuperen un poco del espacio que la ciudad con sus diferentes construcciones, edificaciones y urbanizaciones le han venido robando en los últimos años. El planteamiento anterior se realiza, basados en la importancia que tienen los árboles en la vida del ser humano, tales como: brindar oxígeno, reducir el efecto invernadero, refugio de muchas especies animales, entre otros.
Para poder sustentar, verificar e implementar el presente proyecto fue necesario realizar y crear diferentes espacios de recolección de información tales como: investigación de aspectos y características más relevantes del cambio climático, trabajos realizados anteriormente como guía complementaria y búsqueda de posibles fundaciones aliadas para poder crear el espacio y los elementos necesarios en una siembra masiva de árboles; por otro lado se implementó una encuesta en la población del área andina para recolectar información y comprobar que el proyecto fuese viable y atractivo para toda la comunidad.
Cars Ecology
Authors: Garavito Oyola Andrés Felipe , Espinel Fagua Fernanda , González Sánchez Dayanna Alejandra 
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo se centró en la intervención de una estrategia específica que busca ayudar de manera didáctica en el tratamiento para los niños con cáncer, este es un proyecto que tiene como propósito ayudar a minimizar el dolor psicológico y traumático que portarán estos niños, para cuando acudan a la entidad de salud a realizarse las respectivas quimioterapias. Bragado (2009) menciona que “se ha observado en algunas ocasiones que ante un mismo tipo de quimioterapia algunos pacientes desarrollan náuseas y vómitos intensos esto se da por los efectos secundarios de la quimioterapia”, la metodología de Cars Ecology cuenta con la realización de carros hechos a base de latas metálicas reusables, que al someterse a una transformación física se puede obtener un nuevo diseño de carro de juguete que es amigable con el medio ambiente y que de igual manera contribuya al entretenimiento del niño o la niña que lo vaya a usar en los servicios donde se realice su tratamiento, siendo un producto garantizado que busca brindar felicidad a los niños al momento de interactuar con el carro ecológico, asegurando acompañamiento en la estadía hospitalaria, dando confianza a sus familiares para la evolución del tratamiento cumpliendo así nuestro objetivo.
A Clinico-pathological Correlation of Carcinoma Stomach and ABO Blood Group
Authors: Haque Al Masum Ziaul , Ali Md Omar , Md Saifullah - 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Stomach cancer related to higher rate for blood group A over other ABO types, a prospective assessment of relation between blood group and carcinoma stomach was performed with a view to state the role of ABO blood group in the development of gastric cancer with relationship of clinico-pathological variation. This study sought to investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups and the risk of gastric cancer as well as clinical pathological parameters.
Materials and Methods: A Prospective random observational study carried between October 2005 to September 2006 in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Department of Surgery & Radiotherapy. Maximum patients admitted in the surgery units with diagnosed case of carcinoma stomach were taken as sample or study population & rest attended in radiotherapy department in DMCH.
Results: Among the 70 cases the mean age is 44.3(18-65) (M/F=4:1) years. All the information and data taken from Hospital records and patients themselves or first degree relatives. Results Blood group B-42.85%, A-34.28%, O- 15.71% only 11.42% gave positive family history. Histopathological report show's Adenocarcinoma 95% and among them blood group B 40% and A 31.42%. The differentiation of carcinoma stomach are categorized as Grade-I well differentiated, 37.14% cases moderately differentiated 15.71% and poorly differentiated 45.71%. Among them blood group B is more in case of poorly differentiated carcinoma 25.71%, blood group A is more in well differentiated carcinoma 17.14%.
Conclusion: Blood group 'A' has an established relationship with carcinoma stomach. In this study it is found that blood group 'B' is more associated with carcinoma stomach and with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 27-33
Outcome of Dynamic Condylar Screw with Plate versus Distal Femoral Lock Compression Plate Fixation in Fracture of Distal Femur
Authors: Mustofa Md Gulam , Rob Chowdhury Foyzur , Alam Md Kamrul , Bhuiyan Akhlas , Chowdhury Habibur Rahman , Khan Sahel Ahmed , Ahmed Tanvir 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The dynamic compression screw with plate implant used to treat fractures of the distal femur. The distal femoral lock compression plate fixation is designed as an alternative surgical option to treat these fractures. The objective of this study was to assess the comparative endurance of both devices. The objective of the study is to compare the outcome of DF-LCP and DCS fixation in distal femoral fractures.
Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet between January 2011 and December 2012. Thirty patients with AO type 33-B and 33-C fracture were selected and were divided randomly into group-A and group-B by odd and even number. Dynamic condylar screw (DCS) fixation was used in group-A and distal femoral locking compression plate (DF-LCP) fixation in group-B.
Results: DCS group [9 male, 6 female; mean age, 44.9 ± 12.9 years] and DF-LCP group [10 male, 5 female; mean age, 42.6 ± 15.7) years] were similar in age (p=0.660) and sex (p=0.705). The total operation (minutes) [92.3 ± 7.5 versus 90.4 ± 6.9; p=0.484], length of postoperative hospital stay (days) [6.0 ± 0.9 versus 5.9 ± 0.9; p=0.695] and union time (weeks) [20.6 ± 5.0 versus 18.7 ±3.3 weeks; p=0.238] did not differ significantly between two groups. Total complications [6 (40.0%) versus 4 (26.7%); p=0.439] was also similar in both groups. Functional outcome was excellent in 13.3%, good in 33.3%, fair in 33.3% and poor in 20.0% cases in DCS group; while excellent in 53.3%, good in 20.0% fair in 6.7% and poor in 20.0% of cases in DF-LCP group; different was not significant (p=0.080).
Conclusion: Dynamic condylar screw with plate and distal femoral locking compression plate fixation are equally effective for achieving satisfactory union and functional outcome in AO type 33-B, 33-C fracture distal femur.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 45-49
Neurodevelopmental Co morbidities of Poorly-Controlled Childhood Epilepsy: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Rahman Md Mizanur , Hasan Mohammad Nadim 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The epilepsy associated co morbidities are often underestimated, consequently, undertreated. The aim of the present study was to determine neurodevelopmental co morbidities associated with poorly controlled childhood epilepsy.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed from January 2007 to December 2008 at Paediatric Neurology outpatient department in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, among the children with epilepsy of 7 months to 15 years age who had history of at least 6 months treatment with rational antiepileptic drugs daily with adequate compliance. There were two groups of patients; group 1, consisted of 50 poorly controlled epilepsy patients and group 2, comprised 50 well-controlled epilepsy patients. We retrospectively reviewed EEGs and medical records from these children. Features of neurolodevelopmental co morbidities were compared between the two groups.
Results: In this study, initial EEG was abnormal significantly in poorly controlled group (OR= 5.27; p=0.025). Co morbidities- cerebral palsy, language and speech delay, motor delay, microcephaly and cognitive disability were significantly higher in poorly-controlled epilepsy group compared to well-controlled epilepsy group (60.0% vs. 24.0%, p <0.001; 74.0% vs. 38%, p <0.001; 72% vs. 40%, p <0.01; 60% vs. 30.0%, p <0.01; 70% vs 32%, p <0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: The study showed several neurodevelopment co morbidities that can be identified early in the course of childhood epilepsy which can predict development of poor seizure control. Knowledge of these co morbidities will help us to discriminate our patient and can inform therapeutic choices.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 65-70
Aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose no Município de Caxias, do Estado do Maranhão
Authors: Mendes Rogério Cruz , Silva Wenderson Costa da , Silva Chrisllayne Oliveira da , Soares Alanna Nunes , Melo Karine Costa , Anjos Deusilene dos Santos , Nascimento Ianeska Bárbara Ribeiro do , Hernandes Linccon Fricks , Miranda Layse Siqueira Costa , Sousa Brunna Matos , Queiroz Lia Marinho da Silva , Silva Lorena da Conceição Sousa , Silva Kaio Germano Sousa da , Souza Rodrigo de Lima , Guimarães Lucas Sousa , Conceição Ludmylla Lima da 
Published: March 2021

A Tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infectocontagiosa e endêmica, provocada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, chegando a atingir quase todos os órgãos e tecidos do corpo humano. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose no município de Caxias do Estado do Maranhão no período de 2015-2019. Trata-se de estudo documental, descritivo, retrospectivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa dos dados, realizado no período de 2015 a 2019, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Ministério da Saúde. Este estudo avaliou 325 casos de TB no período citado. Pode observar que houve prevalência de casos de TB no sexo masculino (67,7%), em que houve predominância da faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (33,5%). Com relação a raça, houve prevalência estatisticamente significativa da parda (70,8%), em que a maior parte dos indivíduos apresentavam baixa escolaridade. Com relação a prevalência, o ano de 2016 apresentou maiores índices (23,7%). A forma clinica predominante da doença foi a pulmonar (91,4%), em que quase totalidade eram casos novos (82,8%). Diante dos problemas encontrados torna-se claro que a TB continua sendo um grande problema de saúde pública. É necessário que mais ações voltadas ao combate da patologia sejam colocadas em prática e que os governos enxerguem a extensão do problema. Considera-se que mais estudos devem ser realizados nessa linha de investigação, a fim de provar a necessidade de buscar novas formas de abordar a temática, visando diminuir o número de casos.
Comportamento das exportações da agroindústria brasileira do café e interações com agentes produtivos
Authors: Soares Lidiany dos Santos , Amaral Ana Maria  Santana do , Rezende Tiago Teruel , Putti Fernando Ferrari , Góes Bruno César 
Published: March 2021

O café possui relativa importância para a balança comercial e para estrutura produtiva do agronegócio brasileiro, embora apresente dificuldades na agregação de valor às exportações. Com o objetivo de analisar o comportamento das exportações agroindustriais do café brasileiro e sua relação com agentes produtivos, este estudo considerou dados dos anos de 2001 a 2019, que estão relacionados a produção, área e pés produtivos. Foram também avaliados dados sobre o volume e valor de café exportados. Todas as variáveis foram submetidas à análise estatística de correlação. O volume de produção, a produtividade (sacas por hectare), área e pés plantados relacionaram-se inversamente às variações cambiais, com respostas positivas da quantidade de pés produtivos aos aumentos de preço. As exportações cafeeiras demonstraram maior concentração na primeira fase da cadeia agroindustrial com pequena evolução do café solúvel e sucessivos comportamentos de queda do café torrado e moído, que participa de 0,1% de toda exportação cafeeira realizada pelo país. Ainda que a agroindústria tenha apresentado aumentos médios de 4% e 3% ao ano no volume exportado de grãos e solúvel, a cadeia produtiva passa por estagnação nos valores comercializados no mercado externo, que correlacionaram de forma negativa com a taxa cambial. Estes resultados demonstram que a forte concentração na fase inicial da cadeia produtiva de café brasileira é sensível às variações da taxa de câmbio, enquanto os cafés solúvel, torrado e moído possuem dificuldades para expansão no mercado internacional, culminando no desafio da criação de políticas de valorização destes produtos.
Accommodation Dynamics in Children Wearing Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses with High Addition Power
Authors: Tarutta E. P. , Milash S. V. , Epishina M. V. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: to evaluate dynamics of subjective and objective accommodation in children wearing bifocal soft contact lenses (BSCLs) for myopia control with +4.00 D addition power. M e t h o d s: the study involved 22 patients (44 eyes).Mean age amounted to 10.1 ± 1.46 years and mean myopic refraction amounted to –3.21 ± 1.23 D. Patients were fitted Prima BIO Bi-focal BSCLs (OKVision Retail, Russia). All patients underwent cycloplegic refraction assessed with Auto Ref/Keratometer ARK 530A (Nidek, Japan), had axial length measured with IOL Master 500 optical biometry device (Carl Zeiss, Germany), had positive relative accommodation (PRA) assessed with and without lenses and had binocular (BAR) and monocular (MAR) accommodative response assessed at a distance of 33 cm with WAM-5500 Binocular Accommodation Auto Ref/Keratometer (Grand Seiko, Japan) prior to wearing BSCLs as well as 3, 6 and 12 months after wearing BSCLs.Results: neither MAR nor BAR measured without lenses changed after 3, 6 and 12 months of wearing BSCLs (p >0,05). A change in PRA evaluated without lenses was noted after 12 months (p < 0,05). PRA evaluated with lenses after 3, 6 and 12 months differed from baseline significantly (p < 0,001). Over 12 months of wearing BSCLs, changes in AL (0.09 ± 0.17 mm) and cycloplegic refraction (0.3 ±0.43 D) correlated with baseline BAR and MAR loosely. C o n c l u s i o n: objective accommodation (MAR and BAR) did not change in the course of wearing BSCLs with +4.00 D addition power. Increase in PRA evaluated without BSCLs may be associated with improvement of accommodation due to a full correction in the optic zone. The gradual increase in PRA evaluated with BSCLs probably indicates an adaptation of patients to addition zone in near vision conditions.
Phenotypic response of cotton genotypes for yield and fiber quality traits
Authors: Soomro Abdul Wahab 
Published: March 2021

Twenty five cotton genotypes were tested with two standard check varieties in National Coordinated Varietal Trial (NCVT). The significant difference was observed among all the genotypes of yield, its contributing traits and fiber quality traits, which indicated sufficient genetic diversity were present in the material. Among the genotypes, ICI-2121, GH-Hadi and NIAB-898 are high yielding cotton genotypes, these are suggested for commercial cultivation at the environmental condition of central zone of Sindh to boost up cotton production and at the same time utilization in hybridization and breeding program to evolve high yielding variety. For the fiber quality traits NIBA-898 and NS-191 are suitable genotypes to meet the criteria of textile sector.
Vector Competence for DENV-2 Among Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in China
Authors: Wei Yong , Wang Jiatian , Wei Yuan-Huan , Song Zhangyao , Hu Ke , Chen Yulan , Zhou Guofa , Zhong Daibin , Zheng Xueli 
Published: March 2021

Aedes albopictus is a vector of over 20 arboviruses that has spread throughout the world, mainly in the second half of the twentieth century. Approximately 50–100 million people are infected with dengue virus (DENV) transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes each year, leading to heavy economic burdens for both governments and individuals, among countless other negative consequences. Understanding the vector competence of vector species is critical for effectively preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases. Accordingly, in this study, vector competence was evaluated by quantitative analysis of DENV-2 loads in mosquito tissues (midguts, heads, and salivary glands) and whole mosquitoes through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Wolbachia and the expression of immune-associated genes (Rel1, Rel2, Dicer2, and STAT) in mosquitoes were also detected by RT-qPCR to explore their impact on vector competence. The amount of DENV-2 in the mosquito midguts, heads, and salivary glands from southern-western China were found to be lower than those from eastern-central-northern China. The DENV-2 loads in whole mosquitoes showed a negative correlation with Rel1 gene (r = -0.285, P = 0.011) and STAT gene expression levels (r = -0.289, P = 0.009). In terms of Wolbachia strains, the density of the wAlbB strain was found to be significantly higher than that of the wAlbA strain in the eight Ae. albopictus populations, and the relative density of the wAlbB strain in mosquitoes from southern-western China was higher than those from eastern-central-northern China. The relative density of the wAlbB strain showed a negative correlation with the mean loads of DENV-2 in the heads (r = -0.729, P = 0.040), salivary glands (r = -0.785, P = 0.021), and whole mosquitoes (r = -0.909, P = 0.002). Thus, there are lower DENV-2 loads in the mosquitoes from southern-western China, which may be related to the innate immunity of mosquitoes as affected by Rel1 in the Toll pathway, STAT in the JAK-STAT pathway, and the relative density of the wAlbB strain.
Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation: A Study on Epidemiology and Mendelian Randomization Causality
Authors: Liao Li-Zhen , Wen Xiu-Yun , Zhang Shao-Zhao , Li Wei-Dong , Zhuang Xiao-Dong 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Hypertension (HT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist. However, the causality between these two conditions remains to be determined.Methods: We used individual participant data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) prospective cohort with 9,474 participants. HT was ascertained at visit 1 (1987–1989), and incident AF was identified by ECGs conducted during study examinations at each visit, hospital discharge codes, and death certificates. We used the Kaplan–Meier estimate to compute the cumulative incidence of AF by the HT subgroup. Then we used Cox hazard regression model to assess the association between HT and incident AF. The causality between genetically determined HT and AF was analyzed by the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) based on publicly summarized genome-wide association studies (GWASs) data.Results: A total of 1,414 cases (14.9%) of AF were identified during the follow-up period (median 24.1 years). After adjusting for all covariates, the hazard ratio between the participants with HT and incident AF was 1.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.73]. In the HT → AF MR analysis, we detected a causal correlation between HT and AF (OR: 1.90, 95% CI 1.18–3.04, P = 0.01) with no evidence of heterogeneity from single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Besides, the genetically determined SBP and DBP (10 mmHg) were consistently associated with a higher risk of AF.Conclusions: In the ARIC study, the incident AF increased by 50% in patients with HT. In the MR analysis, our results supported causal inference between HT and AF.