bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of observational methods used to quantify personal protective behaviours among members of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the concordance between observational and self-report measures in infectious disease health protection
Authors: Davies Rachel , Mowbray Fiona , Martin Alex F , Smith Louise E , Rubin G James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the quantity and quality of studies using an observational measure of behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to narratively describe the association between self-report and observational data for behaviours relevant to controlling an infectious disease outbreak.DesignSystematic review and narrative synthesis of observational studies.Data sourcesWe searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Publons, Scopus and the Public Health England behavioural science LitRep database from inception to 17thSeptember 2021 for relevant studies.Study selectionWe included studies which collected observational data of at least one of three health protective behaviours (hand hygiene, face covering use and maintaining physical distance from others (‘social distancing’)) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies where observational data were compared to self-report data in relation to any infectious disease were also included.Data extraction and synthesisWe evaluated the quality of studies using the NIH quality assessment scale for observational studies, extracted data on sample size, setting and adherence to health protective behaviours, and synthesized results narratively.ResultsOf 27,279 published papers on COVID-19 relevant health protective behaviours that included one or more terms relating to hand hygiene, face covering and social distancing, we identified 48 studies that included an objective observational measure. Of these, 35 assessed face covering use, 17 assessed hand hygiene behaviour and seven assessed physical distancing. The general quality of these studies was good. When expanding the search to all infectious diseases, we included 21 studies that compared observational versus self-report data. These almost exclusively studied hand hygiene. The difference in outcomes was striking, with self-report over-estimating observed adherence by up to a factor of five in some settings. In only four papers did self-report match observational data in any domains.ConclusionsDespite their importance in controlling the pandemic, we found remarkably few studies assessing protective behaviours by observation, rather than self-report, though these studies tended to be of reasonably good quality. Observed adherence tends to be substantially lower than estimates obtained via self-report. Accurate assessment of levels of personal protective behaviour, and evaluation of interventions to increase this, would benefit from the use of observational methods.
A lung targeted miR-29 Mimic as a Therapy for Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Chioccioli Maurizio , Roy Subhadeep , Rigby Kevin , Newell Rachel , Dansereau Oliver , Pestano Linda , Dickinson Brent , Ahangari Farida , Jankins Gisli , Iain Stewart , Saini Guari , Johnson Simon R , Braybrooke Rebecca , Herazo-Maya Jose , Aurelien Nachelle , Yu Guying , Sauler Maor , DeIuliis Giuseppe , Montgomery Rusty L , Kaminski Naftali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractmicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene networks. Previously, we reported a systemically delivered miR-29 mimic MRG-201 that reduced fibrosis in animal models, but at doses prohibiting clinical translation. Here, we generated MRG-229, a next-gen miR-29 mimic with improved chemical stability, conjugated with the internalization moiety BiPPB (PDGFbetaR-specific bicyclic peptide). In TGF-b-treated human lung fibroblasts and precision cut lung slices, MRG-229 decreased COL1A1 and ACTA2 gene expression and reduced collagen production. In bleomycin-treated mice, intravenous or subcutaneous delivery of MRG-229 downregulated profibrotic gene programs at doses more than ten-fold lower than the original compound. In rats and non-human primates, and at clinically relevant doses, MRG-229 was well tolerated, with no adverse findings observed. In human peripheral blood decreased mir-29 concentrations were associated with increased mortality in two cohorts potentially identified as a target population for treatment. Collectively, our results provide support for the development of MRG-229 as a potential therapy in humans with IPF.One Sentence SummaryOne Sentence Summary: A stabilized, next-generation miR-29 mimic has been developed that demonstrates efficacy at commercially viable doses with a robust safety margin in non-human primates.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron neutralization by therapeutic antibodies, convalescent sera, and post-mRNA vaccine booster
Authors: Lusvarghi Sabrina , Pollett Simon D. , Neerukonda Sabari Nath , Wang Wei , Wang Richard , Vassell Russell , Epsi Nusrat J. , Fries Anthony C , Agan Brian K , Lindholm David A. , Colombo Christopher J. , Mody Rupal , Ewers Evan C. , Lalani Tahaniyat , Ganesan Anuradha , Goguet Emilie , Hollis-Perry Monique , Coggins Si’Ana A. , Simons Mark P. , Katzelnick Leah C. , Wang Gregory , Tribble David R. , Bentley Lisa , Eakin Ann E. , Broder Christopher C. , Erlandson Karl J. , Laing Eric D. , Burgess Timothy H. , Mitre Edward , Weiss Carol D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe rapid spread of the highly contagious Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 along with its high number of mutations in the spike gene has raised alarm about the effectiveness of current medical countermeasures. To address this concern, we measured neutralizing antibodies against Omicron in three important settings: (1) post-vaccination sera after two and three immunizations with the Pfizer/BNT162b2 vaccine, (2) convalescent sera from unvaccinated individuals infected by different variants, and (3) clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies. Using a pseudovirus neutralization assay, we found that titers against Omicron were low or undetectable after two immunizations and in most convalescent sera. A booster vaccination significantly increased titers against Omicron to levels comparable to those seen against the ancestral (D614G) variant after two immunizations. Neither age nor sex were associated with differences in post-vaccination antibody responses. Only three of 24 therapeutic antibodies tested retained their full potency against Omicron and high-level resistance was seen against fifteen. These findings underscore the potential benefit of booster mRNA vaccines for protection against Omicron and the need for additional therapeutic antibodies that are more robust to highly mutated variants.One Sentence SummaryThird dose of Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine significantly boosts neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron variant compared to a second dose, while neutralization of Omicron by convalescent sera, two-dose vaccine-elicited sera, or therapeutic antibodies is variable and often low.
Quantifying the inverted U: A meta-analysis of prefrontal dopamine, D1-receptors, and working memory
Authors: Weber Matthew A. , Conlon Mackenzie M. , Stutt Hannah R. , Wendt Linder , Eyck Patrick Ten , Narayanan Nandakumar S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDopamine in the prefrontal cortex can be disrupted in human disorders that affect cognitive function such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Dopamine has a powerful effect on prefrontal circuits via the D1-type dopamine receptor (D1DR). It has been proposed that prefrontal dopamine has “inverted U-shaped” dynamics, with optimal dopamine and D1DR signaling required for optimal cognitive function. However, the quantitative relationship between prefrontal dopamine and cognitive function is not clear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of published manipulations of prefrontal dopamine and the effects on working memory, a high-level executive function in humans, primates, and rodents that involves maintaining and manipulating information over seconds to minutes. We reviewed 646 papers and found that 75 studies met criteria for inclusion. Our quantification of effect sizes for dopamine, D1DRs, and behavior revealed a negative quadratic slope. This is consistent with the proposed inverted U-shape of prefrontal dopamine and D1DRs and working memory performance, explaining 10% of the variance. Of note, the inverted quadratic fit was much stronger for prefrontal D1DRs alone, explaining 26% of the variance, compared to prefrontal dopamine alone, explaining 10% of the variance. Taken together, these data, derived from a variety of manipulations and systems, demonstrate that optimal prefrontal dopamine signalling is linked with higher cognitive function. Our results provide insight into the fundamental dynamics of prefrontal dopamine, which could be useful for pharmacological interventions targeting prefrontal dopaminergic circuits, and into the pathophysiology of human brain disease.
Persistent symptoms among children and adolescents with and without anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a population-based serological study in Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Dumont Roxane , Nehme Mayssam , Lorthe Elsa , de Mestral Carlos , Richard Viviane , Baysson Hélène , Pennacchio Francesco , Lamour Julien , Semaani Claire , Zaballa María-Eugenia , Pullen Nick , Perrin Anne , L’Huillier Arnaud G. , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is now established that a significant proportion of adults experience persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, evidence for children and adolescents is still inconclusive. In this population-based study, we examine the proportion of children and adolescents reporting persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as assessed by serological status, and compare this to a seronegative control group.MethodsWe conducted a serosurvey in June-July 2021, recruiting 660 children and adolescents from 391 households selected randomly from the Geneva population. We tested participants for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid (N) protein to determine previous infection. A parent filled a questionnaire including questions on COVID-19-related symptoms lasting at least 2 weeks.FindingsAmong children seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, the sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of symptoms lasting longer than two weeks was 18.3%, compared to 11.1% among seronegative children (prevalence difference (ΔaPrev)=7.2%, 95%CI:1.5-13.0). Main symptoms declared among seropositive children were fatigue (11.5%) and headache (11.1%). For 8.6% (aPrev, 95%CI: 4.7-12.5) of seropositives, these symptoms were declared to be highly limiting of daily activities. Adolescents aged 12-17 years had a higher adjusted prevalence of persistent symptoms (aPrev=29.1%, 95%CI:19.4-38.7) than younger children. Comparing seropositive and seronegative adolescents, the estimated prevalence of symptoms lasting over four weeks is 4.4% (ΔaPrev, 95%CI:-3.8-13.6).InterpretationA significant proportion of children aged 12 to 17 years had symptoms lasting over two weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an estimated prevalence of symptoms lasting over 4 weeks of 4.4% in this age group. This represents a large number of adolescents in absolute terms, and should raise concern in the context of unknown long-term evolution of symptoms. Younger children appear to experience long-lasting symptoms less frequently, as no difference was observed between the seropositive and seronegative sample. Further studies with larger samples sizes are needed.FundingSwiss Federal Office of Public Health, Geneva General Directorate of Health, HUG Private Foundation, SSPH+, Fondation des Grangettes.
TIAToolbox: An End-to-End Toolbox for Advanced Tissue Image Analytics
Authors: Pocock Johnathan , Graham Simon , Vu Quoc Dang , Jahanifar Mostafa , Deshpande Srijay , Hadjigeorghiou Giorgos , Shephard Adam , Saad Bashir Raja Muhammad , Bilal Mohsin , Lu Wenqi , Epstein David , Minhas Fayyaz , Rajpoot Nasir M. , Ahmed Raza Shan E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComputational Pathology (CPath) has seen rapid growth in recent years, driven by advanced deep learning (DL) algorithms. These algorithms typically share the same sequence of steps. However, due to the sheer size and complexity of handling large multi-gigapixel whole-slide images, there is no open-source software library that provides a generic end-to-end API for pathology image analysis using best practices for CPath. Most researchers have designed custom pipelines from the bottom-up, restricting the development of advanced CPath algorithms to specialist users. To help overcome this bottleneck, we present TIAToolbox, a Python toolbox designed to make CPath more accessible to new and advanced CPath scientists and pathologists alike. We provide a usable and adaptable library with efficient, cutting-edge and unit-tested tools for data loading, pre-processing, model inference, post-processing and visualization. This enables all kinds of users to easily build upon recent DL developments in the CPath literature. TIAToolbox provides a user-friendly modular API to enable seamless integration of advanced DL algorithms. We show with the help of examples how state-of-the-art DL algorithms can be streamlined using TIAToolbox.
A Population Genomic Assessment of Three Decades of Evolution in a Natural Drosophila Population
Authors: Lange Jeremy D. , Bastide Héloïse , Lack Justin B. , Pool John E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPopulation genetics seeks to illuminate the forces shaping genetic variation, often based on a single snapshot of genomic variation. However, utilizing multiple sampling times to study changes in allele frequencies can help clarify the relative roles of neutral and non-neutral forces on short time scales. This study compares whole-genome sequence variation of recently collected natural population samples of Drosophila melanogaster against a collection made approximately 35 years prior from the same locality – encompassing roughly 500 generations of evolution. The allele frequency changes between these time points would suggest a relatively small local effective population size on the order of 10,000, significantly smaller than the global effective population size of the species. Some loci display stronger allele frequency changes than would be expected anywhere in the genome under neutrality – most notably the tandem paralogs Cyp6a17 and Cyp6a23, which are impacted by structural variation associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. We find a genome-wide excess of outliers for high genetic differentiation between old and new samples, but a larger number of adaptation targets may have affected SNP-level differentiation versus window differentiation. We also find evidence for strengthening latitudinal allele frequency clines: northern-associated alleles have increased in frequency by an average of nearly 2.5% at SNPs previously identified as clinal outliers, but no such pattern is observed at random SNPs. This project underscores the scientific potential of using multiple sampling time points to investigate how evolution operates in natural populations, by quantifying how genetic variation has changed over ecologically relevant timescales.
WITHDRAWN: The cardiac lncRNA Chantico directly regulatesCxcl1chemokine transcription
Authors: Hall Johnathon M. , Kainth Amoldeep S. , Rowton Megan J. , Lu Emery , Haddad Gabriela , Keplinger Amanda J. , Šćepanović Jelena , Perez-Cervantes Carlos , Chan Sunny S.K. , Piccirilli Joseph A. , Moskowitz Ivan P. , Ruthenburg Alexander J. 
Published: December 2021

Withdrawal StatementThe corresponding author has withdrawn this preprint owing to inability to reproduce some of the data, instances of inappropriate data exclusion, and loss of much of the primary experimental records/data. Specifically, Figures 2B,E,H; 3; 4; 5A,B,D; 6; S2A,C; S4A; S5; and S6A,B and attendant text contain analyses for which the primary record and/or raw data no longer exist; the analyses, where still available, suffer from inappropriate data exclusion and thus should not be construed to be an accurate reflection of the experiments. Attempts by others in the lab to repeat several of the experiments in these indicated panels have failed reproduce the presented effects, despite showing much greater precision. Therefore the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
An early Cambrian polyp reveals an anemone-like ancestor for medusozoan cnidarians
Authors: Zhao Yang , Parry Luke A. , Vinther Jakob , Dunn Frances S. , Li Yu-jing , Wei Fan , Hou Xian-guang , Cong Pei-yun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtant cnidarians are a disparate phylum of non-bilaterians and their diploblastic body plan represents a key step in animal evolution. Anthozoans (anemones, corals) are benthic polyps, while adult medusozoans (jellyfishes) are dominantly pelagic medusae. A sessile polyp is present in both groups and is widely conceived as the ancestral form of their last common ancestor. However, the nature and anatomy of this ancestral polyp, particularly of medusozoans, are controversial, owing to the divergent body plans of both groups in the extant lineages and the rarity of medusozoan soft tissues in the fossil record. Here we redescribe the enigmaticConicula striataLuo et Hu from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, south China, which has previously been interpreted as a polyp, lophophorate or deuterostome. We show thatC. striatapossessed features of both anthozoans and medusozoans. Its stalked polyp and fully encasing conical, annulated organic skeleton (periderm) are features of medusozoans. However, the gut is partitioned by ∼28 mesenteries, and has a tubular pharynx, resembling anthozoans. Our phylogenetic analysis recoversC. striataas a stem medusozoan, indicating that the enormously diverse medusozoans were derived from an anemone-like ancestor, with the pharynx lost and number of mesenteries reduced prior to the origin of crown group Medusozoa.
Effect of electrolysis parameters on corrosion resistance of extra-low carbon high silicon iron-based alloy
Authors: Zhang Yue , Xiao Jun , Yang Shaoguang , Zhao Aimin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
High silicon iron-based alloys possess excellent corrosion resistance in certain specific media, but the effects of electrolysis parameters on corrosion resistance remain unknown. This study aims to guide the development and application of an extra-low carbon high silicon iron-based alloy (ECHSIA) in electrode plates.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion resistance of ECHSIA and a conventional high-silicon cast iron (CHSCI) was analyzed through experimental characterizations. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of electrolysis parameters on the corrosion resistance of ECHSIA was investigated through corrosion experiments. The relationship between the electrolysis parameters and the corrosion resistance of ECHSIA was statistically investigated using the grey correlation analysis method.

Findings
The corrosion resistance of the ECHSIA is better than that of the CHSCI. The corrosion rate showed an increasing tendency with the increase in the nitric acid concentration (CHNO3), electrolyte temperature and current density. The grey correlation analysis results showed that the CHNO3 was the main factor affecting the corrosion rate of the ECHSIA.

Originality/value
An ECHSIA with a single ferrite microstructure was prepared. This study provides a guideline for the future development and application of ECHSIAs as electrode plates.
Marketing and family-related factors affecting food label use: the mediating role of consumer knowledge
Authors: Van der Merwe Daleen , de Beer Hanli , Nel Marli , Ellis Susanna M. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study investigated the influence of marketing- and family-related factors on consumers' in-store usage of different types of food label information. Furthermore, the authors determined the mediating role of consumers' knowledge about healthy foods between these factors and their label consultation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a survey among 223 purposively selected South African working female consumers via social media. Subjective and objective knowledge about healthy foods, the importance of marketing- and family-related factors and the extent of food label usage were determined. Structural equation modelling served to test the mediating effect of knowledge in the relationship of the marketing and family-related factors with food label usage.FindingsMarketing-related factors demonstrated a strong direct effect on food label usage. Subjective knowledge about healthy foods mediated the relationship between family members' dietary needs and food label usage. However, objective knowledge was not a mediator.Practical implicationsRespondents' firm reliance on marketing-related factors (instead of knowledge) during food label usage is not in the best interest of consumers' healthy food choices. Healthy food choices based on factual knowledge rather than marketing efforts are necessary to establish long-term healthy food habits, hence the need for retailers' response in supplying healthier food options. Role players in consumer education should focus on increasing consumers' healthy food knowledge.Originality/valueIn the context of rising awareness of public health concerns, healthy food choice among consumers is essential. This study contributes to the complexity of consumers' need to make healthy food choices within an economic-driven marketing environment.
Determining the main criteria for selecting appropriate methods for repair and maintenance of commercial real estate in Iran
Authors: Sarvari Hadi , Chan Daniel W.M. , Sahib Abeer Imad , Jayasena Nimesha Sahani , Rakhshanifar Mansooreh , Al-Gburi Ghufran 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The average lifetime of a building in Iran is only one-quarter of the reported global average lifespan. A major reason why buildings in Iran have shorter service life is attributed to the inappropriate selection of the facility repair and maintenance (R&M) methods. Hence, selecting the appropriate R&M methods is critical in upholding or even extending the lifespan of the building. The purpose of this paper is to determine the main criteria for selecting the suitable R&M methods of commercial real estate (CRE) in Iran as a major challenge encountered by the Iranian construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The total number of identified criteria (related to the selection of the suitable R&M methods) is 16, which is divided into five clusters (referred as main criteria in this study): human resources; flexibility and technical capability; safety and risk; cost of maintenance; and facilities and technology. To analyze the identified criteria, the expert opinions were collected through both face-to-face interviews and distribution of Delphi survey questionnaires. A total of 12 industrial experts in the construction industry were invited to participate in a Delphi survey to solicit their perceptions and opinions on the identified criteria in this research.

Findings
The findings indicated that, among the five main criteria, the cost of maintenance is the most important criteria for selecting appropriate R&M methods of CRE in Iran. In addition, the criterion of facilities and technology was recognized as the least important among the main criteria.

Originality/value
The research, significantly, justified the configuration of non-compliance with the practice and its deliverables and developed a diagnostic study on the grounds of failure in the Iranian construction industry regarding the issues which are threatening the expected and desirable outcomes. The research achievements and suggested effective recommendations can serve as a useful policy and consultative instrument for the relevant stakeholders in the construction industry engaged in building R&M work.