bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau spreading precedes the increase in tau load in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Rosa-Neto Pedro , Macedo Arthur , Therriault Joseph Therriault , Rahmouni Nesrine , Aumont Étienne , Wang Yi-Ting , Hossein Seyyed Ali , Servaes Stijn , Tissot Cécile , Fernandez-Arias Jaime , Trudel Lydia , Hall Brandon , Bezgin Gleb , Quispialaya-Socualaya Kely , Woo Marcel , Chan Tevy , Stevenson Jenna , Zheng Yansheng , Gonçalves Marina , Lussier Firoza , Ferrari-Souza João Pedro , Ferreira Pamela , Bellaver Bruna , Massarweh Gassan , Soucy Jean-Paul , Benedet Andrea , Ashton Nicholas , Karikari Thomas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Zimmer Eduardo , Pascoal Tharick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Tau pathology spreads and accumulates during Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the relationship between these processes throughout disease progression remains unclear. We assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of tau spreading and accumulation using tau-PET data from 1,175 participants in the TRIAD and ADNI cohorts, including 277 with 2-year follow-ups. Tau standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) indexed tau load, while the spatial extent of tauopathy (SEOT; proportion of abnormal voxels) measured tau spread. Longitudinal analyses showed that tau spreading preceded increases in tau load, particularly in regions with low baseline tau levels. Our findings support a sequential model of tau progression: an initial spreading phase, primarily captured by SEOT, followed by an accumulation phase largely reflected by SUVR. These results provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying tau deposition and highlight tau spread as a promising surrogate outcome for clinical trials targeting early-stage AD.
Surface water quality of Balu River, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Md. Tanvir , Mustakim Kazi Nur E , Parvin Rokhshana , Babar Sheikh Aurangazeb 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The Balu River, a critical water source in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is increasingly threatened by extensive pollution from industrial, agricultural, and domestic sources. This study assesses the water quality and pollution sources affecting the river, focusing on a 6 km stretch between Demra Ghat and Kamshair. Water samples were collected from five strategic points and analyzed for key parameters including pH, turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and nitrate levels. The findings reveal that while some parameters meet acceptable standards, critical indicators such as DO, BOD, and nitrate exceed permissible limits in certain locations, reflecting severe pollution from untreated industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and municipal waste. The calculated Water Quality Index (WQI) ranges from 50 to 69, categorizing the river's water quality as medium. This degradation poses significant environmental and public health risks, especially as the river serves agricultural, domestic, and ecological functions. The study underscores the urgent need for stringent enforcement of pollution control measures, advanced wastewater treatment technologies, and public awareness initiatives to safeguard this vital water resource.
Modeling and Evaluation of influence of hot dip galvanizing acidic pickling process parameters on the corrosion treatment of steel construction
Authors: ALAOUI Khaoula , OUAKKI Moussa , Touhami Mohamed Ebn , KACIMI Younes EL 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The present study attempted to investigate the best conditions for the use of a 5-(4- chlorophenyl)-1H-tetrazole (Cl-PT) as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in HCl using the surface response methodology. A matrix of Doelhert to 3 factors was used as the experimental design in this research as it permits the use of the response surface methodology in a spherical field. The response used in the exploitation of the design was the determination of the inhibitor efficiency. It was assessed through gravimetric measurements on samples in the absence and presence of the inhibitor. The results were confirmed using gravimetric and electrochemical measurements.
CDC-WONDER Database Analysis of COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus-Related Mortality
Authors: Jamal Armaan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives: COVID-19 has been associated with increased diabetes onset and worsened metabolic complications in individuals with pre-existing diabetes. While both conditions are known risk factors for severe health outcomes, their combined effect on mortality remains unknown. This study evaluates mortality rates attributed to both COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the United States (US), with a focus on sociodemographic disparities.
Design: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database from January 2020 to December 2021. Deaths related to COVID-19 (ICD-10 code U07.1) and DM (ICD-10 codes E10-E14) were identified as underlying or contributing causes of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated and stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and US census region.
Results: Between 2020 and 2021, 115,351 deaths were attributed to both COVID-19 and DM. AAMRs were higher among males (28.1, 95% CI: 27.9-28.4) than females (16.5, 95% CI: 16.4-16.7). By race/ethnicity, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander individuals had the highest AAMR (55.9, 95% CI: 50.4-61.4), followed by Hispanic (51.1, 95% CI: 50.4-51.7) and non-Hispanic Black (38.5, 95% CI: 38.0-39.1) populations. The South and West regions of the US reported the highest AAMRs. Mortality rates increased in 2021 compared to 2020 across all groups, with marked disparities persisting throughout the study period.
Conclusion: The dual burden of COVID-19 and DM has led to elevated mortality rates in the US, disproportionately affecting minority populations. Addressing these disparities requires comprehensive public health strategies integrating medical, social, and policy-driven solutions.
SDG Keyword: Reduced inequalities
The impact of passive immunoprophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection on the frequency and severity of acute respiratory diseases and proteolytic enzyme levels in children aged 1–3 years
Authors: Ibragimova Yu. N. , Vakhlova I. V. , Krivolapova I. M. 
Published: January 2025

Preventing respiratory diseases in young children remains a primary focus in pediatric healthcare.Purpose. To evaluate the impact of passive immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children at high risk of severe RSV infection on the incidence of respiratory illnesses and the levels of proteolytic enzyme biomarkers in children aged 1–3 years.Material and methods. The study included 216 children aged 0–3 years, divided into three groups: Main Group 1 (children who received RSV immunization), Main Group 2 (children without immunization), and a control group (health groups I and II). Health assessments were conducted during the newborn period and at ages 1–3 years. Biomarkers of pulmonary proteolytic enzymes were measured, including matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMMP-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-D).Results. The absence of RSV immunoprophylaxis in the first year of life significantly contributed to the development of recurrent obstructive bronchitis (AP = 46%) and pneumonia (AP = 49.7%) in early childhood. An association was identified between MMP-9 and TIMMP-2 levels in serum and the frequency of recurrent obstructive bronchitis at ages 1–3 years. The lack of passive RSV immunization during the first year of life increased the likelihood of VEGF-D levels reaching very high values (≥97‰) by a factor of 10. An increased risk of recurrent obstructive bronchitis was also observed at elevated VEGF-D levels (≥90‰). Completing the RSV immunization cycle was associated with a significant reduction in respiratory disease cases and decreased VEGF-D levels.Conclusion. Passive immunization against RSV in children at risk for severe RSV infection is associated with a reduction in respiratory disease incidence, recurrent obstructive bronchitis, and pneumonia, as well as an impact on fibrosis markers in children aged 1–3 years.
A differentiated approach to prescribing anti-relapse therapy based on assessment of lipocalin-2 levels
Authors: Eremeeva A. V. , Dlin V. V. 
Published: January 2025

Currently, there are no standardized guidelines on the need for and frequency of anti-relapse therapy in children with chronic secondary pyelonephritis.Purpose. To assess the diagnostic value of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) measured as a ratio to urinary creatinine (NGAL/Cr), in predicting recurrence rates of chronic secondary pyelonephritis in children.Material and methods. The study included 158 children aged 2 to 14 years with chronic secondary pyelonephritis, comprising 130 girls (82.3%) and 28 boys (17.7%). Children were divided into groups based on the presence and scheme of anti-relapse therapy (furazidine and/or phytopreparation BNO 1045). This article continues the authors’ research previously published in 2019, 2020, and 2023.Results. A pre-treatment urinary NGAL/Cr level above 12 ng/mg in patients with recurrent secondary pyelonephritis allowed prediction of disease recurrence and supported the need for anti-relapse therapy. Adding the phytopreparation BNO 1045 to anti-relapse therapy for one month following a two-week furazidine course extended the relapse-free period from 13 to 16 months and reduced the recurrence risk by 1.9 times with therapy administered annually. Implementing this anti-relapse therapy every six months increased the median relapse-free period to 22 months, reducing recurrence risk by over fourfold.Conclusion. The study demonstrates the predictive value of urinary NGAL/Cr levels before the initiation of antibacterial therapy, allowing assessment of relapse risk in secondary pyelonephritis. The findings support the necessity of anti-relapse therapy in children with chronic secondary pyelonephritis. Optimal remission extension was achieved with a combination therapy of furazidine and phytopreparation BNO 1045.
COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in Saudi Arabia: A Year-wise Geographic Analysis
Authors: Aldossari Hamad Mansur 
Published: January 2025

Background
During the three years of the COVID-19 epidemic, the disease spread to 205 locations across Saudi Arabia’s 13 administrative areas. There were serious repercussions of mortality and morbidity. However, since to the hard work of all the sectors and authorities involved, the pandemic was successfully managed..

Aims and Objectives
This analytical investigation of COVID-19 aims to pinpoint the locations affected over three years. It also investigates the morbidity and mortality burden of the epidemic and identifies locations (governorates) and administrative areas for the volume and severity of COVID-19 cases, year-wise.

Methods
Daily reports of COVID-19 cases published by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health from March 15, 2020, to April 30, 2023, were analyzed in this research. Annual counts, estimates of crude infection rates, and case fatality rates with monthly averages were calculated for the entire country, its administrative areas, and 205 affected locations.

Results
Despite a progressive trend, the impact of the second and third waves of COVID-19 on morbidity and mortality varied across administrative areas, governorates, and locations. Both major administrative areas of Riyadh, Makkah,Madina, and the Eastern Region, as well as smaller ones, such as Al-Baha, Jazan and Aseer, faced serious repercussions of morbidity. Additionally, mortality was notable in the smaller administrative areas, namely, Al-Jouf, Hail, Jazan, Aseer, Northern Borders, and Al-Baha. Beyond, certain locations within these administrative areas outside populous cities and administrative headquarters emerged as COVID-19 hotspots, particularly in terms of mortality.

Conclusion
The COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates in Saudi Arabia exhibited a discernible pattern across the administrative areas, governorates, and locations, with numbers and infection rates fluctuating every month, showing both increases and decreases. Although mortality rates were higher in the first year, significant control measures were implemented that led to a reduction in this rate later. The fatality rate displayed notable variations across administrative areas. This analysis holds significance for the development of epidemic control systems, the implementation of resistance measures at the grassroots level, and the establishment of surveillance systems. Furthermore, it contributes to a clearer understanding of the situation that will facilitate international comparisons and the formation of collaborative networks.
Assessing Familiarity, Usage Patterns, and Attitudes of Medical Students Toward ChatGPT and Other Chat-Based AI Apps in Medical Education: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Elhassan Safia Elwaleed , Sajid Muhammad Raihan , Syed Amina Mariam , Fathima Sidrah Afreen , Khan Bushra Shehroz , Tamim Hala 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
There has been a rise in the popularity of ChatGPT and other chat-based artificial intelligence (AI) apps in medical education. Despite data being available from other parts of the world, there is a significant lack of information on this topic in medical education and research, particularly in Saudi Arabia.

Objective
The primary objective of the study was to examine the familiarity, usage patterns, and attitudes of Alfaisal University medical students toward ChatGPT and other chat-based AI apps in medical education.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted from October 8, 2023, through November 22, 2023. A questionnaire was distributed through social media channels to medical students at Alfaisal University who were 18 years or older. Current Alfaisal University medical students in years 1 through 6, of both genders, were exclusively targeted by the questionnaire. The study was approved by Alfaisal University Institutional Review Board. A χ2 test was conducted to assess the relationships between gender, year of study, familiarity, and reasons for usage.

Results
A total of 293 responses were received, of which 95 (32.4%) were from men and 198 (67.6%) were from women. There were 236 (80.5%) responses from preclinical students and 57 (19.5%) from clinical students, respectively. Overall, males (n=93, 97.9%) showed more familiarity with ChatGPT compared to females (n=180, 90.09%; P=.03). Additionally, males also used Google Bard and Microsoft Bing ChatGPT more than females (P<.001). Clinical-year students used ChatGPT significantly more for general writing purposes compared to preclinical students (P=.005). Additionally, 136 (46.4%) students believed that using ChatGPT and other chat-based AI apps for coursework was ethical, 86 (29.4%) were neutral, and 71 (24.2%) considered it unethical (all Ps>.05).

Conclusions
Familiarity with and usage of ChatGPT and other chat-based AI apps were common among the students of Alfaisal University. The usage patterns of these apps differ between males and females and between preclinical and clinical-year students.
Medical Students Preference in Blended Learning after Covid-19 Pandemic: Online vs Offline
Authors: Widyandana Widyandana , Izzah Nurul , Utomo Prattama Santoso , Claramita Mora 
Published: January 2025

Background: Blended learning has been preferred to be implicated during the transition phase after the pandemic. Nowadays, universities started to shift back into offline learning after being retained for nearly 2 years. The effectiveness of digital learning should be considered. Even though it provided simplicity and ease, the effectiveness was questionable due to a lack of interaction and hands-on practice. Thus, blended learning combines face-to-face and digital learning to maximise the knowledge transfer during classes. However, the efficacy of both offline and online learning was still questioned. Each has benefits and drawbacks, which differ for every student in various conditions. This study assessed medical students’ preferences in the blended learning era.Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. An online survey was conducted among first-year medical students in the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada (N=201). Data were analysed using a descriptive qualitative approach referring to Doyle et al. Results: Among 201 students who were included in our study, the topmost learning categories chosen to be given in an online setting were lectures (N=97), learning skills (N=18), and discussion (N=16). For offline settings, they preferred practical skills (N=114), lectures (N=41), and skills laboratory (N=40). Students mentioned network problems as their finest challenge during online classes, and network support was the most needed to improve the learning outcome. Conclusion: Passive activities that require the least effort were favoured to be given online, and activities requiring active participation were preferred to be given face-to-face. Limitations were challenging for students in participating in online classes; further evaluation and improvement are needed.
Upgrading for Sustainable Development Goal through 16th Plan of Nepal: A Study of Its Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Khanal Dr. Uttam , Puri Ravi Raj 
Published: January 2025

Nepal has implemented the millennium development goals since 2000 to 2015. During the period, poverty decreased from 42% to 23.8%, while the net enrollment rate at the primary level was 96.6%, the literacy rate of the 24-year-old age group reached 88.5%, and the retention rate at the primary level reached 85.6%. The infant mortality rate was 108 per thousand and the child mortality rate per thousand live births was 162 in 1990. These numbers were decrease to 33 and 3 respectively in 2014. Measles vaccination had reached 92 percent. The list of least developed countries of Nepal will upgrade to developing countries before in 2030. The identification and use of potential resources have together opportunities and challenges for Nepal. The goal of sustainable development can achieve by making the best use opportunities facing the challenges that have come before it. An Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals was 2016 to 2030, including Nepal and 193 countries in the world. It was include ending all forms of poverty, education, health, housing, clean fuel, and the environment for all. Equal participation at all levels in development is essential to achieving human rights, gender equality, and empowerment for all women and children. The sustainable ecological system has adopted policy to protect, enhance, and use natural resources. It is decide to build an egalitarian society in the preamble of the Constitution of Nepal 2015. A policy was adapting to bases of national needs and priorities on foreign aid for the implementation process and global partnerships for sustainable development.
Cancer in Iraq, general view of annual report 2022
Authors: Salih Hiba H. , Abd Sura Y. , Al-Kaseer Eman , Al-Diwan Jawad 
Published: January 2025

Objective: Increasing cancer rate in Iraq is a concerning issue. The rise in life expectancy, shift in behavior risk factors, and the effects of armed conflict may be contributing to this increase. This work was carried out to provide a review of cancer in Iraq.
Methods: Data were obtained from cancer registration, cancer board in Iraq in Ministry of Health in Iraq for the years 1976 to 2022. Cancer incidence was calculated as case per 100000 population for each year. Population of Iraq was obtained from Ministry of Planning.
Results: Incidence of cancer has generally increase through the time (upward trendline in incidence of cancer over years). The R2 suggests a reasonable capture in variation in the incidence of cancer. The age -standardized incidence rate of cancer in 2022 was 158.94 per 100000. Incidence rates were more prominent in Al-Najaf, Al-Sulaymaniyah, Erbil and Karbala (123.74, 121.4, 119.9 and 111.8 per 100 000, respectively).
Conclusion: addressing the issue of cancer in Iraq requires a multifaceted approach that includes improving environmental conditions, enhancing healthcare services and raising awareness about cancer prevention and early detection.
في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة الثانوية الحكومية ٤ ركوه بندا أتشيه (Mind Mapping) فعالية استخدام طريقة رسم الخرائط الذهنية
Authors: Raju Mohd Jaisar , Rosalinda Rosalinda , Safaini Safaini 
Published: January 2025

مكانة الخرائط الذهنية في مجال التعليم بأنها استراتيجية التعلم يستخدمها المدرس لتقديم المعلومات للطلاب بشكل مرتب ومنظم. وتساعد الخرائط الذهنية على تدفق الأفكار والفهم التفصيلي للمفاهيم ووسيلة يستخدمها الطلاب في تلخيص المعلومات في ورقة واحدة بحيث تتمركز الفكرة الرئيسية في المتصنف وتتفرع منها الأفكار الفرعية مستخدمين الألوان والصور والرموز. يهدف هذا البحث إلى أن يكشف إجراء تعلم اللغة العربية باستخدام طريقة رسم الخرائط الذهنية في تعليم اللغة العربية. هذا البحث باستخدام منهج التجربي على تصميمات شبه التجربي. أخذت الباحث العينة من 34 طلبة في الفصل الثاني فرقة الثالث. وأما أساليب جمع البيانات التي استخدمتها الباحث فهي الاختبار والمقابلة والملاحظة وقد قامت الباحث بالبحث التمهيدية (One Group Pretest – Post test Design للحصول على تلك النتائج. وبعد معالجة البيانات وتحليلها حصلت الباحث على نتيجة اختبار- ت (ت-الحساب(t0) :14،71 أكبر من نتيجة الجدول (ت-الجدول مستوى الدلالة 5٪ (tt.ts.5%): 2،042 ومستوى الدلالة 1٪ (tt.ts.1%): 2،75. فتدل على أنّ الفرض الصفري مردود وفرض البديل مقبول، بمعنى أنّ أثر استخدام طريقة رسم الخرائط الذهنية في تعليم اللغة العربية يكون فعالا عند الطلبة في المدرس الثانوية 4 ركوه بندا أتشيه.
استراتيجية تنشيط التلاميذ باستخدام الحاسوب ولعبة النرد في تعليم المحادثة بداية شمس الضحى أتشيه الشمالية وداية نور الحكم لانقسا
Authors: Rusda Ferry 
Published: January 2025

يستهدف تعليم اللغة الأجنبية،إما العربية وإما الإنجليزية في المدارس اليوم إلى محاولة المدرس في تنشيط التلاميذ، فتعرف بها التعلم المتمركز إلى التلاميذ. تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعمق والتعرف عن فعالية التعلم المتمركز إلى التلاميذ باستخدام وسيلة الحاسوب واستخدام لعبة النرد كوسيلة التعلم في ترقية قدرة التلاميذ على التكلم بالعربية في داية شمس الضحى بأتشيه الشمالية وداية نور الحكم بمدينة لانقسا. فاستنهج الباحثان هذا البحيث بالبحث التجريبي بتصميم مجموعتين، وعدد عنية البحث لكل مجموعة 13 طالبا. فاستخدم الباحثان الاختبار القبلي والبعدي للمجموعتين. إما بين الاختبارين، قد قاما الباحثان بتجريب استراتيجية تنشيط التلاميذ باستخدام وسيلة الحاسوب بداية شمس الضحى، وتنشيط التلاميذ بوسيلة لعبة النرد في داية نور الحكم. ونتيجة هذا البحث أن استخدام وسيلة لعبة النرد أكثر فاعلية استخدامها لتنشيط التلاميذ على التكلم من استخدام وسيلة الحاسوب.