bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longing for connection: University educators creating meaning through sharing experiences of teaching online
Authors: Fox Brandi , Bearman Margaret , Bellingham Robin , North‐Samardzic Andrea , Scarparo Simona , Taylor Darci , Thomas Mathew Krehl Edward , Volkov Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a reflexive analysis of how university educators experience the shift to increasing online teaching in 2019. We explore what it means to be an online educator in contemporary higher education and aim to raise questions about how we approach online education and understand ourselves as educators, informed by a sociomaterial lens. The research utilised collaborative autoethnography (CAE) to facilitate meaning‐making and uncover complex perspectives through collaboration and conversation. This enabled us to question what we as educators were losing and what we were gaining as a consequence of shifting to more online modes of teaching via university mandated platforms and processes. Through this methodology, various themes emerged: the role of corporeality; how we constructed ourselves through texts; how others materialised us in virtual spaces; the experience of online time; and our transforming practices and identities. This paper provides a snapshot of a significant cultural milieu in academia as we were afforded time to engage in reflexive practice about teaching online just as the academic world was abruptly mandated to shift almost wholly online. It also provides unique insights into the significance of understanding ourselves as both embodied and social, and the importance of community within academia.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Higher education's shift online, both before and during COVID, has had a substantial effect on university staff, including discomfort and loss of agency.
What this paper adds

Considering the material and embodied is important in online education, particularly because it can be taken‐for‐granted and hence overlooked.
Feelings of disconnection can result from the inevitable gap between how educators represent themselves online and how others perceive (“materialise”) them online.
Experiencing a lack of connection with online students provides the opportunity to question assumptions about student experiences and develop more nuanced online teaching practice.
Teaching requires some kind of reconciliation between the linear time as laid out in learning design and the not‐yet‐here/always‐there time of online learning.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Attention must continue to be paid to the experiences of educators as even experienced ones find teaching online disturbs identities and practices.
Collegially sharing virtual spaces may assist university educators in making sense of the shifts demanded by online teaching and allow more active modelling of meaning‐making processes for students.
Teaching may benefit from deliberate consideration of developing online personas and reflection on how to accommodate them within academic professional identities.
SMAD4 loss is associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus hydroxychloroquine in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fei Naomi , Wen Sijin , Ramanathan Rajesh , Hogg Melissa E. , Zureikat Amer H. , Lotze Michael T. , Bahary Nathan , Singhi Aatur D. , Zeh Herbert J. , Boone Brian A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSMAD4, a tumor suppressor gene, is lost in up to 60%–90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAs). Loss of SMAD4 allows tumor progression by upregulating autophagy, a cell survival mechanism that counteracts apoptosis and allows intracellular recycling of macromolecules. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an autophagy inhibitor. We studied whether HCQ treatment in SMAD4 deficient PDA may prevent therapeutic resistance induced by autophagy upregulation. We retrospectively analyzed the SMAD4 status of patients with PDA enrolled in two prospective clinical trials evaluating pre‐operative HCQ. The first dose escalation trial demonstrated the safety of preoperative gemcitabine with HCQ (NCT01128296). More recently, a randomized trial of gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel +/− HCQ evaluated Evans Grade histopathologic response (NCT01978184). The effect of SMAD4 loss on response to HCQ and chemotherapy was studied for association with clinical outcome. Fisher’s exact test and log‐rank test were used to assess response and survival. Fifty‐two patients receiving HCQ with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were studied. Twenty‐five patients had SMAD4 loss (48%). 76% of HCQ‐treated patients with SMAD4 loss obtained a histopathologic response greater than or equal to 2A, compared with only 37% with SMAD4 intact (p = 0.006). Although loss of SMAD4 has been associated with worse outcomes, in the current study, loss of SMAD4 was not associated with a detriment in median overall survival in HCQ‐treated patients (34.43 months in SMAD4 loss vs. 27.27 months in SMAD4 intact, p = 0.18). The addition of HCQ to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with PDA may improve treatment response in those with SMAD4 loss. Further study of the relationship among SMAD4, autophagy, and treatment outcomes in PDA is warranted.
Mercantilist inequality: wealth and poverty in Stockholm, 1650–1750†
Authors: Bengtsson Erik , Olsson Mats , Svensson Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article describes and analyses social structure, poverty, wealth, and economic inequality in Stockholm from 1650 to 1750. We begin by establishing the social structure, using census data and other sources. To study wealth and poverty, the main sources are a complete record of the wealth tax of 1715, comprising 17,782 taxpayers, and a total of 1,125 probate inventories sampled from the years 1650, 1700, and 1750. These provide detailed and sometimes surprising insights into the living standards of both the poor and the rich. Stockholm in this period was a starkly unequal city, with the top decile of wealth holders owning about 90 per cent of total wealth. We relate this inequality to mercantilist policies. The city was run as an oligarchy and the oligarchical political institutions engendered policies that were rigged for inequality. The case of Stockholm thus shows the need for the historical inequality literature to consider class and power relations to understand the determinants of inequality.
Consistently positive effect of species diversity on ecosystem, but not population, temporal stability
Authors: Xu Qianna , Yang Xian , Yan Ying , Wang Shaopeng , Loreau Michel , Jiang Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite much recent progress, our understanding of diversity–stability relationships across different study systems remains incomplete. In particular, recent theory clarified that within‐species population stability and among‐species asynchronous population dynamics combine to determine ecosystem temporal stability, but their relative importance in modulating diversity‐ecosystem temporal stability relationships in different ecosystems remains unclear. We addressed this issue with a meta‐analysis of empirical studies of ecosystem and population temporal stability in relation to species diversity across a range of taxa and ecosystems. We show that ecosystem temporal stability tended to increase with species diversity, regardless of study systems. Increasing diversity promoted asynchrony, which, in turn, contributed to increased ecosystem stability. The positive diversity–ecosystem stability relationship persisted even after accounting for the influences of environmental covariates (e.g., precipitation and nutrient input). By contrast, species diversity tended to reduce population temporal stability in terrestrial systems but increase population temporal stability in aquatic systems, suggesting that asynchronous dynamics among species are essential for stabilizing diverse terrestrial ecosystems. We conclude that there is compelling empirical evidence for a general positive relationship between species diversity and ecosystem‐level temporal stability, but the contrasting diversity–population temporal stability relationships between terrestrial and aquatic systems call for more investigations into their underlying mechanisms.
A retrospective study of gastrointestinal disorders in a predominantly Austrian leisure horse referral hospital population
Authors: Gunes V. , Onmaz A. C. , Pavaloiu A. , Kaya Karasu G. , van den Hoven R. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe aim of our retrospective study was to produce and analyse epidemiological data on gastrointestinal (GI) disorders of Austrian leisure horses. Case records of horses referred to the Equine Clinic of the Veterinary University of Vienna were collected from an electronic hospital information system using its search options. All cases reported to have suffered a GI disorder between March 2003 and February 2015 were selected. In this period of 4314 days, data of 1833 GI cases, mostly accompanied by colic signs, were analysed. The vast majority of our GI cases appeared in the abdominal parts of the GI tract 96% (1760/1833) while just 1.3% (24/1833) could be definitively attributed to oesophageal disorders, whereas in 2.7% (49/1833) of the cases a definitive diagnosis could not be made. The highest prevalence of GI disorders was seen in July and October/November. A breakdown of figures for cases clustered under the colic syndrome showed that colon impactions in left ventral large and/or pelvic flexure (35%) were the major problem followed by gastric disorders (18%), spasmodic colic (9%), enteritis (7%), caecal tympany (6%); caecal impaction (4%), colitis (3%), abnormal anatomical positions of large colon including complete and partial strangulation/volvulus, nephrosplenic entrapment of the left ventral and dorsal colon and right dorsal displacement of the large colon (3%) and small intestinal volvulus (2.7%). In 12% of the cases, the cause of the abdominal discomfort was likely idiopathic paralytic ileus. The searching tool of the electronic patient data also brought up cases with malabsorbtion/IBD syndrome and GI ruptures, both these contributed less than 1% of the referred GI cases. Results suggested that the causes of colic are diverse, but the major reasons for referred cases of colic in the east Austrian horse population are large colon impaction or displacements. Seasonal distribution and specific causes of gastrointestinal disorders should be considered essential components of the initial clinical assessment of horses presenting with colic.
The effect of ischaemic postconditioning on mucosal integrity and function in equine jejunal ischaemia
Authors: Verhaar Nicole , Breves Gerhard , Hewicker‐Trautwein Marion , Pfarrer Christiane , Rohn Karl , Burmester Marion , Schnepel Nadine , Neudeck Stephan , Twele Lara , Kästner Sabine 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundIschaemic postconditioning (IPoC) has been shown to ameliorate ischaemia reperfusion injury in different species and tissues.ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of IPoC in equine small intestinal ischaemia and to assess its effect on histomorphology, electrophysiology and paracellular permeability.Study designRandomised in vivo experiment.MethodsExperimental jejunal ischaemia was induced for 90 min in horses under general anaesthesia. In the control group (C; n = 7), the jejunum was reperfused without further intervention. In the postconditioning group (IPoC; n = 7), reocclusion was implemented following release of ischaemia by clamping the mesenteric vessels in three cycles of 30 seconds. This was followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion in both groups. Intestinal microperfusion and oxygenation was measured during IPoC using spectrophotometry and Doppler flowmetry. Histomorphology and histomorphometry of the intestinal mucosa were assessed. Furthermore, electrophysiological variables and unidirectional flux rates of 3H‐mannitol were determined in Ussing chambers. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the tight junction protein levels of claudin‐1, claudin‐2 and occludin in the intestinal mucosa. Comparisons between the groups and time points were performed using a two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) or non‐parametric statistical tests for the ordinal and not normally distributed data (significance P < .05).ResultsIPoC significantly reduced intestinal microperfusion during all clamping cycles yet affected oxygen saturation only during the first cycle. After reperfusion, Group IPoC showed significantly less mucosal villus denudation (mean difference 21.5%, P = .02) and decreased mucosal‐to‐serosal flux rates (mean difference 15.2 nM/cm2/h, P = .007) compared to Group C. There were no significant differences between the groups for the other tested variables.Main limitationsSmall sample size, long‐term effects were not investigated.ConclusionsFollowing IPoC, the intestinal mucosa demonstrated significantly less villus denudation and paracellular permeability compared to the untreated control group, possibly indicating a protective effect of IPoC on ischaemia reperfusion injury.
Profiling beneficial and potential adverse effects of MeCP2 overexpression in a hypomorphic Rett syndrome mouse model
Authors: Vermudez Sheryl Anne D. , Gogliotti Rocco G. , Arthur Bright , Buch Aditi , Morales Clarissa , Moxley Yuta , Rajpal Hemangi , Conn P. Jeffrey , Niswender Colleen M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDe novo loss‐of‐function mutations in methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2) lead to the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). Despite promising results from strategies aimed at increasing MeCP2 levels, additional studies exploring how hypomorphic MeCP2 mutations impact the therapeutic window are needed. Here, we investigated the consequences of genetically introducing a wild‐type MECP2 transgene in the Mecp2 R133C mouse model of RTT. The MECP2 transgene reversed the majority of RTT‐like phenotypes exhibited by male and female Mecp2 R133C mice. However, three core symptom domains were adversely affected in female Mecp2R133C/+ animals; these phenotypes resemble those observed in disease contexts of excess MeCP2. Parallel control experiments in Mecp2Null/+ mice linked these adverse effects to the hypomorphic R133C mutation. Collectively, these data provide evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of genetically overexpressing functional MeCP2 in Mecp2 R133C mice and suggest that personalized approaches may warrant consideration for the clinical assessment of MeCP2‐targeted therapies.
Morphological traits of reef corals predict extinction risk but not conservation status
Authors: Raja Nussaïbah B. , Lauchstedt Andreas , Pandolfi John M. , Kim Sun W. , Budd Ann F. , Kiessling Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe current assessment of extinction risk in reef corals by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has been criticized, because coral life‐history traits associated with resilience are not reflected in the conservation status. We aimed to carry out a quantitative assessment of the link between reef coral traits and species extinction risk informed by extinctions of reef corals observed in the fossil record.LocationGlobal.Time periodPlio‐Pleistocene and present day.Major taxa studiedScleractinian reef corals.MethodsWe used morphological traits, phylogenetic information and evidence of extinction during the Plio‐Pleistocene to predict the extinction risk of contemporary reef corals. Our model was trained using 138 Caribbean fossil coral species and an automatic machine learning algorithm. We then used this model to predict the extinction risk of 674 modern coral species.ResultsModel validation confirmed 77% accuracy in predicting extinction risk of fossil corals. Extinction risk predicted by our model showed a near‐random (57%) match with the IUCN conservation status. Our model also suggested that corals in the Least Concern or Near Threatened categories might be at higher risk of extinction than currently believed.Main conclusionsMorphological traits of fossil corals linked to their extinction risk in the Plio‐Pleistocene Caribbean Sea are known to reflect the vulnerability of extant corals. However, the results from our fossil‐calibrated model do not match the IUCN assessment of reef corals, with increased overall extinction risk. This does not necessarily indicate near‐future extinction risk, because fossil extinctions are spread over thousands of years. However, we show the applicability of using fossil data to inform the extinction risk of modern corals and recommend that future assessments of extinction risk of reef corals should consider incorporating the relationship between morphological traits and resilience, calibrated by fossil data, to maximize the utility of the extinction risk assessment.
Does local democracy improve public health interventions? Evidence from India
Authors: Costa‐Font Joan , Parmar Divya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHealth care decisions in many low‐income countries often require a close political agency relationship between healthcare decision makers and constituents. This is especially the case for maternal and child care as well as preventative interventions when resources are scarce. This article examines the effect of the introduction of the National Rural Health Mission in India, introducing Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNC), a self‐governance mechanism to strengthen the political agency in village health care decision making. We study the effect of exposure to VHSNC on both maternal and preventative child health care. We find that exposure to VHSNC's increase the utilization of several maternal health care services, but does not systematically increase the uptake of preventive health care. The effect of VHSNC is more intense in larger villages and areas closer to district headquarters, and is driven by an increase in the utilization of the public healthcare network.
Role of the prognostic nutritional index in predicting survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with regorafenib
Authors: Rimini Margherita , Yoo Changoon , Lonardi Sara , Masi Gianluca , Piscaglia Fabio , Kim Hyung‐Don , Rizzato Mario D. , Salani Francesca , Ielasi Luca , Forgione Antonella , Bang Yeonghak , Soldà Caterina , Catanese Silvia , Sansone Vito , Ryu Min‐Hee , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol , Burgio Valentina , Cucchetti Alessandro , Cascinu Stefano , Casadei‐Gardini Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimA link has been established between malnutrition, immunological status, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been recognized as a prognostic indicator in early‐stage HCC and in patients treated with first‐line therapy. However, to date, the role of the PNI in HCC patients treated with regorafenib has not been reported.MethodsWe undertook a multicentric analysis on a cohort of 284 patients affected by advanced HCC treated with regorafenib. The PNI was calculated as follows: 10 × serum albumin concentration (g/dl) + 0.005 × peripheral lymphocyte count (number/mm3). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the association between PNI and survival outcomes.ResultsA PNI cut‐off value of 44.45 was calculated by a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The median overall survival was 12.8 and 7.8 months for patients with high (>44.45) and low (≤44.45) PNI, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.77; p = 0.0002). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, low PNI value and increased serum bilirubin level emerged as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. No differences were found between high and low PNI in terms of progression‐free survival (p = 0.14).ConclusionIf validated, the PNI could represent an easy‐to‐use prognostic tool able to guide the clinical decision‐making process in HCC patients treated with regorafenib.
A hole in the wall of fortress Europe: The trans‐European posting of third‐country labour migrants
Authors: Lens Dries , Mussche Ninke , Marx Ive 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article documents and discusses the importance of the intra‐EU posting of third‐country national (TCN) labour migrants. TCN labour migrants have traditionally been fixed to one Member State where they reside and work based on a work and residence permit. Case‐law of the European Court of Justice allowed TCNs to be posted across the EU based on the free movement of services. We reveal that an increasing number of TCNs from a large variety of citizenships are indeed mobile across the EU as posted workers. We additionally show that most of these workers are low‐ and medium‐skilled and would – in a traditional labour migration setting – have difficulty obtaining a work and residence permit from Member States that privilege highly skilled labour migration. We also demonstrate that the posting of TCNs has the potential to grow into a mobility channel on equal footing with “traditional” TCN labour migration.
Plasma microparticles from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus modulate the content of miRNAs in U937 cells
Authors: Carmona‐Pérez Liseth , Rojas Mauricio , Muñoz‐Vahos Carlos , Vanegas‐García Adiana , Vásquez Gloria 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the clearance of apoptotic cells and microparticles (MPs) is reduced. Some MPs contain molecules that can modulate immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of miR‐126 and miR‐146a in plasma MPs of patients with SLE (SLE MPs) and analyse the ability of MPs to modulate some events in the promonocytic U937 cell line. Circulating MPs were isolated from plasma samples of healthy controls (HCs), patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases (OAD). MPs were analysed for size and cell origin by flow cytometry and content of miR‐126 and miR‐146a by RT‐qPCR. MPs were then added to U937 cell cultures to evaluate changes in cell phenotype, cytokine expression, content of miR‐126 and miR‐146a, and levels of IRF5. Patients with active SLE (aSLE) showed an increase in concentration of plasma MPs that positively correlated with the SLEDAI (SLE Disease Activity Index) score. CD14+ MPs were significantly more abundant in patients with SLE than HCs. SLE MPs contained decreased levels of miR‐146a, but the miR‐126 content in aSLE MPs was increased. The miR‐126 content in SLE MPs correlated positively with the SLEDAI score. The treatment of U937 cells with MPs from HCs and patients induced reduced expression of HLA‐DR, CD18 and CD119, increased frequency of IL‐6+ and TNF‐α+ cells, accumulation of IL‐8 in culture supernatants, increased miR‐126 levels and decreased miR‐146a content, but no change in the expression of IRF5. These findings suggest that plasma MPs, especially SLE MPs, could modulate some biological events in U937 cells.
CD300a contributes to the resolution of articular inflammation triggered by MSU crystals by controlling neutrophil apoptosis
Authors: Valiate Bruno V. S. , Queiroz‐Junior Celso M. , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca , Galvão Izabela , Teixeira Mauro M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGout is an inflammatory disease triggered by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints, resulting in high neutrophil influx and pain. Here, we studied the role of the inhibitory receptor CD300a in the resolution process in a murine model of gout. We found increased CD300a expression on neutrophils emigrated to the joint. When compared to WT mice, CD300a−/− mice had persistent neutrophil influx till 24 hr after MSU injection. This was associated with increased concentration of IL‐1β and greater tissue damage in the joints of CD300a−/− mice. There was an increase in the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils in the synovial lavage of WT mice, as compared to CD300a−/− mice. This difference was reflected in the decline of efferocytic events in the synovial cavity of CD300a−/− mice 24 hr after MSU injection. A CD300a agonistic antibody was shown, for the first time, to increase apoptosis of human neutrophils, and this was associated with cleavage of caspase‐8. In conclusion, our results reveal an important role of CD300a in the control of leucocyte infiltration, IL‐1β production and caspase‐8 cleavage in neutrophils, contributing to the resolution of inflammation triggered by MSU injection.