bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Optimization of Phase Design for an Isolated Intersection
Authors: Liu Deng , Wu Wen-xiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Based on the phase conflict matrix and safety principle, a phase design optimization model is proposed to minimize the sum of flow-capacity ratios concerning critical phases. Both dynamic programming method and improved elite multi-population genetic algorithm are used to automatically generate the optimal phase design scheme. Finally, the model and its algorithm are verified by a numerical example, which shows this optimization model can reduce the total flow-capacity ratio of critical phases by 6.5%, compared with the current phase design.
Calculation method of index weight for facility support capability evaluation in Airfield
Authors: Xuelin Huang , Guanhu Wang , Wei Wang , Wei Tang , Yingjie Yuan , Wei Xia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to effectively evaluate the facilities in each airport airfield, this paper proposes four methods: analytic hierarchy process (AHP), subjective weighting method based on Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), objective weighting method based on entropy weight method and combination weighting method based on game theory. Combined with the actual situation of the airport, the corresponding calculation method is adopted to introduce the mathematical model into the construction of the airport. After verification, the proposed method can be applied to 90% of airports, and the applicability of the index is improved by 50%. The weight of obstacle capability evaluation index provides an important basis.
Evaluation of Anti-Abrasion Performance for High-Performance Micro Surfacing Mixture
Authors: Wang Peng , Qin Yongchun , Xu Jian , Huang Wei , Feng Guoli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Methods to evaluate the anti-abrasion performance of a high-performance micro surfacing (HMS), including the wet-track abrasion test (WTAT) and initial curing abrasion test (ICAT), were studied, and the long-term and initial anti-abrasion performances of the HMS were evaluated. The ICAT is a new method, and the test results were used to evaluate the initial compaction properties of the HMS mixture. Specifically, this method simulates the contact state between the tire and road surface at the initial period when the road was opened for traffic after the micro surfacing treatment via the friction between a rubber tube and the mixture. Four typical modified emulsified asphalts were selected for the WTAT and ICAT. Based on the test results, two modified emulsified asphalts were selected to explore the effects of different amounts of added styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) modifiers on the wet-track abrasion loss and the effects of different abrasion times on the initial curing abrasion loss. Based on the results of the WTAT, it is recommended that the wet-track abrasion loss values of the HMS mixtures soaked in water for 1 h and 6 d are not higher than 360 and 480 g/m2, respectively. The initial curing abrasion loss (ICAL) indicates that it is feasible to use the ICAT to evaluate the initial compaction properties of the micro surfacing and can be used to guide the HMS design. The results of the WTAT and ICAT showed that the HMS had a better initial compaction capability and durability than the conventional micro surfacing.
Floral development and vasculature in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae) provide insights into the evolution of Poales
Authors: de Lima Silva Arthur , Trovó Marcelo , Stützel Thomas , Rudall Paula J , Sajo Maria das Graças , Coan Alessandra Ike 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Floral developmental studies are crucial for understanding the evolution of floral structures and sexual systems in angiosperms. Within the monocot order Poales, both subfamilies of Eriocaulaceae have unisexual flowers bearing unusual nectaries. Few previous studies have investigated floral development in subfamily Eriocauloideae, which includes the large, diverse and widespread genus Eriocaulon. To understand floral variation and the evolution of the androecium, gynoecium and floral nectaries of Eriocaulaceae, we analysed floral development and vasculature in Eriocaulon and compared it with that of subfamily Paepalanthoideae and the related family Xyridaceae in a phylogenetic context.

Methods
Thirteen species of Eriocaulon were studied. Developmental analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, and vasculature analysis was carried out using light microscopy. Fresh material was also analysed using scanning electron microscopy with a cryo function. Character evolution was reconstructed over well-resolved phylogenies.

Key Results
Perianth reductions can occur due to delayed development that can also result in loss of the vascular bundles of the median sepals. Nectariferous petal glands cease development and remain vestigial in some species. In staminate flowers, the inner stamens can emerge before the outer ones, and carpels are transformed into nectariferous carpellodes. In pistillate flowers, stamens are reduced to staminodes and the gynoecium has dorsal stigmas.

Conclusions
Floral morphology is highly diverse in Eriocaulon, as a result of fusion, reduction or loss of perianth parts. The nectariferous carpellodes of staminate flowers originated first in the ancestor of Eriocaulaceae; petal glands and nectariferous branches of pistillate flowers originated independently in Eriocaulaceae through transfer of function. We present a hypothesis of floral evolution for the family, illustrating a shift from bisexuality to unisexuality and the evolution of nectaries in a complex monocot family, which can contribute to future studies on reproductive biology and floral evolution in other groups.
Homeostatic Regulation of Astrocytes by Visual Experience in the Developing Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Wang Liang-Liang , Xu Dan , Luo Yujian , Li Xiaofang , Gu Yan , Wang Lang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During postnatal development, sensory experience shapes the organization and function of cortical circuits. Previous studies focusing on experience-dependent plasticity of neurons have revealed a variety of mechanisms underlying cortical circuit rewiring. Emerging evidence shows that astrocytes play important roles in shaping cortical circuits through extensive interactions with different types of neurons and other glia cells. However, it remains unclear how astrocytes respond to sensory experience during postnatal development. In the present study, we profiled the maturation of astrocytes in the primary visual cortex (V1) at different postnatal stages. We then investigated the anatomical and physiological changes of astrocytes in V1 induced by multiple types of visual experience within 4 postnatal weeks. Compared with monocular deprivation during the critical period, binocular deprivation showed stronger impact on reactive astrocytes in V1. Moreover, long-term binocular deprivation significantly reduced the density of reactive astrocytes in layer 2/3 of V1 while strengthening gap junction couplings between astrocytes at the same time. Therefore, our data demonstrated that cortical astrocytes could undergo homeostatic plasticity in response to long-term changes of sensory inputs. The plasticity of astrocytes may interact with the plasticity of neurons to cooperatively shape cortical circuit refinement during postnatal development.
Adaptive Mechanisms of Somatostatin-Positive Interneurons after Traumatic Brain Injury through a Switch of α Subunits in L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels
Authors: Ihbe Natascha , Le Prieult Florie , Wang Qi , Distler Ute , Sielaff Malte , Tenzer Stefan , Thal Serge C , Mittmann Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Unilateral traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes cortical dysfunctions spreading to the primarily undamaged hemisphere. This phenomenon, called transhemispheric diaschisis, is mediated by an imbalance of glutamatergic versus GABAergic neurotransmission. This study investigated the role of GABAergic, somatostatin-positive (SST) interneurons in the contralateral hemisphere 72 h after unilateral TBI. The brain injury was induced to the primary motor/somatosensory cortex of glutamate decarboxylase 67–green fluorescent protein (GAD67-GFP) knock-in mice at postnatal days 19–21 under anesthesia in vivo. Single GFP+ interneurons of the undamaged, contralateral cortex were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and analyzed by mass spectrometry. TBI caused a switch of 2 α subunits of pore-forming L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) in GABAergic interneurons, an increased expression of CaV1.3, and simultaneous ablation of CaV1.2. This switch was associated with 1) increased excitability of single SST interneurons in patch-clamp recordings and (2) a recovery from early network hyperactivity in the contralateral hemisphere in microelectrode array recordings of acute slices. The electrophysiological changes were sensitive to pharmacological blockade of CaV1.3 (isradipine, 100 nM). These data identify a switch of 2 α subunits of VGCCs in SST interneurons early after TBI as a mechanism to counterbalance post-traumatic hyperexcitability.
The Neural Representation of Ordinal Information: Domain-Specific or Domain-General?
Authors: Attout Lucie , Leroy Nathan , Majerus Steve 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ordinal processing allows for the representation of the sequential relations between stimuli and is a fundamental aspect of different cognitive domains such as verbal working memory (WM), language and numerical cognition. Several studies suggest common ordinal coding mechanisms across these different domains but direct between-domain comparisons of ordinal coding are rare and have led to contradictory evidence. This fMRI study examined the commonality of ordinal representations across the WM, the number, and the letter domains by using a multivoxel pattern analysis approach and by focusing on triplet stimuli associated with robust ordinal distance effects. Neural patterns in fronto-parietal cortices distinguished ordinal distance in all domains. Critically, between-task predictions of ordinal distance in fronto-parietal cortices were robust between serial order WM, alphabetical order judgment but not when involving the numerical order judgment tasks. Moreover, frontal ROIs further supported between-task prediction of distance for the luminance judgment control task, the serial order WM, and the alphabetical tasks. These results suggest that common neural substrates characterize processing of ordinal information in WM and alphabetical but not numerical domains. This commonality, particularly in frontal cortices, may however reflect attentional control processes involved in judging ordinal distances rather than the intervention of domain-general ordinal codes.
A case report of a massive cardiac intimal sarcoma manifesting as syncope during a stress test
Authors: Rehman Mahin , El-Dabh Ashraf , Mandal Shobha , Sattur Sudhakar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Syncope has many aetiologies but from a cardiac standpoint, if arrhythmogenic and ischaemic causes are not present, obstructive lesions should be considered. Cardiac spindle cell sarcomas are incredibly rare and difficult to cure.

Case summary
A 62-year-old man presented for exercise stress test and had a syncopal episode on the treadmill. He was found to have a massive mass obstructing the transmitral flow. Patient was taken to the operating room and the mass was resected successfully. Histopathological confirmation revealed the mass to be a cardiac intimal sarcoma. Patient was initiated on a trial regimen of doxorubin, ifosfamide, and mesna.

Discussion
Cardiac intimal sarcomas are aggressive cancers and are difficult to treat; there are no established treatment guidelines. They can lead to obstruction of blood flow through the cardiac chambers. From a cardiac perspective, without arrhythmogenic and ischaemic causes of syncope, obstructive lesions should be considered.
Harnessing multivariate, penalized regression methods for genomic prediction and QTL detection of drought-related traits in grapevine
Authors: Brault Charlotte , Doligez Agnès , Cunff Le , Coupel-Ledru Aude , Simonneau Thierry , Chiquet Julien , This Patrice , Flutre Timothée 
Published: July 2021

AbstractViticulture has to cope with climate change and to decrease pesticide inputs, while maintaining yield and wine quality. Breeding is a key lever to meet this challenge, and genomic prediction a promising tool to accelerate breeding programs. Multivariate methods are potentially more accurate than univariate ones. Moreover, some prediction methods also provide marker selection, thus allowing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detection and the identification of positional candidate genes. To study both genomic prediction and QTL detection for drought-related traits in grapevine, we applied several methods, interval mapping (IM) as well as univariate and multivariate penalized regression, in a bi-parental progeny. With a dense genetic map, we simulated two traits under four QTL configurations. The penalized regression method Elastic Net (EN) for genomic prediction, and controlling the marginal False Discovery Rate on EN selected markers to prioritize the QTLs. Indeed, penalized methods were more powerful than IM for QTL detection across various genetic architectures. Multivariate prediction did not perform better than its univariate counterpart, despite strong genetic correlation between traits. Using 14 traits measured in semi-controlled conditions under different watering conditions, penalized regression methods proved very efficient for intra-population prediction whatever the genetic architecture of the trait, with predictive abilities reaching 0.68. Compared to a previous study on the same traits, these methods applied on a denser map found new QTLs controlling traits linked to drought tolerance and provided relevant candidate genes. Overall, these findings provide a strong evidence base for implementing genomic prediction in grapevine breeding.
The effect of lateral variations in Earth structure on Last Interglacial sea level
Authors: Austermann Jacqueline , Hoggard Mark J , Latychev Konstantin , Richards Fred D , Mitrovica Jerry X 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYIt is generally agreed that the Last Interglacial (LIG; ∼130–115 ka) was a time when global average temperatures and global mean sea level were higher than they are today. However, the exact timing, magnitude and spatial pattern of ice melt is much debated. One difficulty in extracting past global mean sea level from local observations is that their elevations need to be corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which requires knowledge of Earth’s internal viscoelastic structure. While this structure is generally assumed to be radially symmetric, evidence from seismology, geodynamics and mineral physics indicates that large lateral variations in viscosity exist within the mantle. In this study, we construct a new model of Earth’s internal structure by converting shear wave speed into viscosity using parametrizations from mineral physics experiments and geodynamic constraints on Earth’s thermal structure. We use this 3-D Earth structure, which includes both variations in lithospheric thickness and lateral variations in viscosity, to calculate the first 3-D GIA prediction for LIG sea level. We find that the difference between predictions with and without lateral Earth structure can be metres to 10s of metres in the near field of former ice sheets, and up to a few metres in their far field. We demonstrate how forebulge dynamics and continental levering are affected by laterally varying Earth structure, with a particular focus on those sites with prominent LIG sea level records. Results from four 3-D GIA calculations show that accounting for lateral structure can act to increase local sea level by up to ∼1.5 m at the Seychelles and minimally decrease it in Western Australia. We acknowledge that this result is only based on a few simulations, but if robust, this shift brings estimates of global mean sea level from these two sites into closer agreement with each other. We further demonstrate that simulations with a suitable radial viscosity profile can be used to locally approximate the 3-D GIA result, but that these radial profiles cannot be found by simply averaging viscosity below the sea level indicator site.
The Promise and Perils of Mainstreaming Intersectionality in the Colombian Peace Process
Authors: González Villamizar Juliana , Bueno-Hansen Pascha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article examines the extent to which mainstreaming intersectionality in the Colombian Truth Commission (CEV) serves the feminist aim of producing social transformations by exposing patriarchal, racialized and class-based structures of oppression. Analysing the mainstreaming of intersectionality as a site of struggle exposes the interlocking dynamics of inequality and ontological impositions that block Indigenous and Afro-descendant women’s full participation at the CEV. Ongoing dialogues with five Indigenous and/or Afro-descendant Colombian activists centrally inform this analysis. All the activists utilize the gender, woman, family and generation approach, which is anchored in the shared cosmological reference points of Indigenous and Afro-descendant women. The peril of mainstreaming intersectionality appears when it is used in a shallow manner that severs a structural intersectional analysis from a political intersectional analysis. The promise of intersectionality can only be realized through a holistic understanding and application of both its structural and political dimensions.
Higher Viral Load Drives Infrequent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission Between Asymptomatic Residence Hall Roommates
Authors: Bjorkman Kristen K , Saldi Tassa K , Lasda Erika , Bauer Leisha Conners , Kovarik Jennifer , Gonzales Patrick K , Fink Morgan R , Tat Kimngan L , Hager Cole R , Davis Jack C , Ozeroff Christopher D , Brisson Gloria R , Larremore Daniel B , Leinwand Leslie A , McQueen Matthew B , Parker Roy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic spread to &gt;200 countries in &lt;6 months. To understand coronavirus spread, determining transmission rate and defining factors that increase transmission risk are essential. Most cases are asymptomatic, but people with asymptomatic infection have viral loads indistinguishable from those in symptomatic people, and they do transmit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, asymptomatic cases are often undetected.

Methods
Given high residence hall student density, the University of Colorado Boulder established a mandatory weekly screening test program. We analyzed longitudinal data from 6408 students and identified 116 likely transmission events in which a second roommate tested positive within 14 days of the index roommate.

Results
Although the infection rate was lower in single-occupancy rooms (10%) than in multiple-occupancy rooms (19%), interroommate transmission occurred only about 20% of the time. Cases were usually asymptomatic at the time of detection. Notably, individuals who likely transmitted had an average viral load approximately 6.5-fold higher than individuals who did not (mean quantification cycle [Cq], 26.2 vs 28.9). Although students with diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection moved to isolation rooms, there was no difference in time to isolation between cases with or without interroommate transmission.

Conclusions
This analysis argues that interroommate transmission occurs infrequently in residence halls and provides strong correlative evidence that viral load is proportional to transmission probability.
Rhizospheric pathogen proliferation and ROS production are associated with premature senescence of the osvha-a1 rice mutant
Authors: Lin Feifan , Letuma Puleng , Li Zhaowei , Lin Sheng , Rensing Christopher , Lin Wenxiong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Root-pathogen interactions influence premature senescence in rice, however, few studies have addressed the underlying mechanism. In this study, when premature senescence significantly occurred in the osvha-a1 mutant (loss of tonoplast H+-ATPase activity), the relative abundance of rhizospheric bacterial communities was similar between the mutant and its wild type, while the fungi in the rhizosphere of the osvha-a1 mutant significantly differed from the wild type. Furthermore, one key fungal strain in the rhizospheric soil of the osvha-a1 mutant, Gibberella intermedia, increased substantially during the late growing phase, resulting in severe accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By contrast, the wild type showed much lower levels of ROS when infected by G. intermedia. Using high performance liquid chromatography, sugars in root exudates were identified to be different between osvha-a1 mutant and the wild type. G. intermedia could use mannose and rhamnose in root exudates from the mutant more efficiently than any other sugar. Finally, antagonistic bacteria could be employed for limiting the proliferation of G. intermedia in the rhizosphere, thereby alleviating the early senescent phenotypes of the osvha-a1 mutant, and improving grain yield.
Obtaining nonlinear galaxy bias constraints from galaxy-lensing phase differences
Authors: Manera Marc , Bacon David 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We demonstrate the utility and constraining power of a new statistic for investigating galaxy bias: the galaxy-lensing phase difference. The statistic consists in taking the differences of the phases of the harmonic wave modes between the weak lensing convergence field and the galaxy count field. We use dark matter simulations populated with galaxies up to redshift z = 1 to test the performance of this estimator. We find that phase differences are sensitive to the absolute value of the second-order bias (c2 = b2/b1) and demonstrate why this is the case. For a $1500$ deg2 galaxy survey we recover c2 with an error of approximately 0.1 for a wide range of c2 values; current constraints from redshift surveys have errors of 0.1–0.6 depending on redshift. This new statistic is therefore expected to provide constraints for c2 which are complementary and competitive with constraining power by the conventional estimators from the power spectrum and bispectrum. For the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we predict leading measurements of second-order bias.
An analytic solution to the Kozai–Lidov evolution equations
Authors: Lubow Stephen H 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
A test particle in a non-coplanar orbit about a member of a binary system can undergo Kozai–Lidov oscillations in which tilt and eccentricity are exchanged. An initially circular highly inclined particle orbit can reach high eccentricity. We consider the non-linear secular evolution equations previously obtained in the quadrupole approximation. For the important case that the initial eccentricity of the particle orbit is zero, we derive an analytic solution for the particle orbital elements as a function of time that is exact within the quadrupole approximation. The solution involves only simple trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. It simplifies in the case that the initial particle orbit is close to being perpendicular to the binary orbital plane. The solution also provides an accurate description of particle orbits with non-zero but sufficiently small initial eccentricity. It is accurate over a range of initial eccentricity that broadens at higher initial inclinations. In the case of an initial inclination of π/3, an error of 1 per cent at maximum eccentricity occurs for initial eccentricities of about 0.1.