bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COT-29 The Japan Brain Tumor Alliance: Achievements in 2020–2021: highlights for neuro-oncologists and healthcare professionals
Authors: Nomura Keiko , Gatellier Laureline , Yamaguchi Shuji , Kato Shigeo , Tagawa Hisato 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Brain tumors are a major shock at diagnosis for patients and their families, and the journey is hectic, impacted in various and complex ways, including acute and chronic episodes. The Japan Brain Tumor Alliance is a non-profit organisation, established in 2006 to support patients and their families. As our key activity, JBTA offers nation-wide patient support through patient-gathering meetings with and without health care professionals to openly share needs, issues and concerns, partly summarized and shared in the scientific field (Gatellier, 2021, OT Journal, vol 55 no.3, 257–259; Gatellier, 2021, MASCC Annual Meeting). JBTA actively collaborates with the International Brain Tumor Alliance, with recent outcome of an international survey featuring the brain-tumor patient and caregiver experience during COVID-19 pandemic (Voisin et al., 2020, Neuro-oncology advances, 2(1), vdaa104). As part of collaboration with healthcare professionals in 2020–21, JBTA achievements include the review of clinical guidelines (as part of Patient and Public Involvement activity), information-sharing events with the Japan Clinical Oncology Group and the seminar with a group including occupational therapists. In addition, to highlight patients’ needs and priorities to the neuro-oncology community, since March 2020, JBTA shares the Japanese translation of the monthly IBTA e-newsletter broadcasting the latest and most relevant scientific, community information and brain tumor-related events around the world to healthcare professionals and brain tumor patients and families in Japan. These enlightening events place JBTA in an ideal position to lead research in the direction most meaningful to brain tumor patients.
COT-30 Effect of tumor resection in 11C methionine accumulation area on survival in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Ohmura Kazufumi , Ohwashi Etsuko , Ikegame Yuka , Takei Hiroaki , Miwa Kazuhiro , Yano Hirohito , Yokoyama Kazutoshi , Kumagai Morio , Shinoda Jun , Daimon Takashi , Nakayama Noriyuki , Iwama Toru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aim: The amount of tumor excised in an area enhanced by contrast medium on magnetic resonance imaging strongly affects the survival time of patients with glioblastoma. We investigated the effect of the amount of tumor removal in the 11C methionine (MET) accumulation site on overall survival(OS). Methods: Twenty-six patients (15 male; mean age, 68.9 years) with a diagnosis of glioblastoma who underwent tumor resection at Kizawa Memorial Hospital between June 1, 2015 and August 30, 2021 underwent MET-positron emission tomography (MET-PET) before and after the operation. In a comparison of MET-PET before and after tumor resection, the tumor-to-normal (T/N) ratio reduction (ΔT/N), MET accumulation area reduction (MET-extent of resection [EOR]), and the residual MET accumulation volume (MET-residual tumor volume [RTV]) were calculated. The relationship between these MET-related parameters associated with tumor resection and OS was investigated via univariable analysis. Results: Univariate analysis revealed that ΔT/N was significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97–0.99; p=0.02). MET-RTV was also significantly associated with OS (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.98–1.02; p=0.73) Conversely, MET-EOR (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97–1.01; p=0.06) was not significantly associated with OS. Conclusions: Aggressive surgical resection of the MET accumulation site significantly prolongs survival in patients with glioblastoma.
Nitrogen sources (NO3− vs N2 fixation) inferred from bulk δ15N values of zooplankton from the deep water region of the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez Oscar Gabriel , Camacho-Ibar Víctor Froylan , Fernández Álamo María Ana , Herzka Sharon Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dinitrogen (N2) fixation is an important source of new N in oceanic oligotrophic waters, but its contribution has not been quantified in the central and southern Gulf of Mexico (GM), where mesoscale anticyclonic (ACE) and cyclonic eddies (CE) influence NO3− availability for phytoplankton. We investigated the temporal and spatial variation in zooplankton δ15N values as a proxy for baseline nitrogen sources and estimated the contribution of N2 fixation and subsurface nitrate to secondary production. Copepods, euphausiids and two size classes of zooplankton were collected from 0 to 200 m during five cruises. Zooplankton δ15N values were higher during winter due to wind-driven deepening of the mixed layer, reflecting NO3− transport toward the surface. There was a higher estimated contribution of N2 fixation during the highly stratified summer months. Zooplankton δ15N values from ACEs were significantly lower than in CE, associated with a deepening of the 25.5 isopycnal and lower depth-integrated [NO3−]. N2 fixation contributed 60–80% of the N in ACEs. Some stations within the Bay of Campeche showed higher δ15N values due to NO3− transport to the euphotic layer due to a semipermanent CE, regional upwelling and river discharge. Our results highlight the importance of fixed nitrogen over an extensive region of theGM.
Refurbishing Democracy: More Direct, More Deliberative, and Younger
Authors: Pearse Harry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhat would it mean to (better) integrate children into democratic life? This essay attempts to dispel some potential reservations and explore the grounds for including children in deliberative and/or electoral processes. Across the world, public satisfaction with democracy is at historic lows, with young people particularly dissatisfied, both in absolute terms and relative to older cohorts at the same age. The situation is not terminal; the overall number of democracies has declined slightly over the past two decades, but the world’s most established democracies have stayed largely intact and are relatively stable. That said, to be successful in the long term, a political system must be seen to be working, and if people’s dissatisfaction with democracy is allowed to fester, their belief and trust in it will drain away. To ensure this does not happen, (representative) democracy—which, in institutional terms, has remained largely unchanged for the past 50–100 years—will need to renew itself. This could take various forms. But one option—and the focus of this essay—is to bring young people or children into the democratic arena, and deliberative democratic processes, in particular.
Fear of Reinjury Following Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An Exploratory Analysis of the NACOX Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Filbay Stephanie , Kvist Joanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare fear and certainty of reinjury between follow-up time points and treatment groups (no anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] reconstruction [no ACLR], pre-ACLR, post-ACLR) and to identify prognostic factors for fear of reinjury at 3 and 12 months following injury or ACLR.MethodsAn exploratory analysis of the Natural Corollaries and Recovery After ACL-injury multicenter longitudinal cohort study was conducted. Patients (n = 275) with primary ACL injury and 15 to 40 years of age received usual care (initial physical therapist–supervised rehabilitation, before considering ACLR). Fear of reinjury (as measured with the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life instrument [ACL-QOL] item 31 and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury instrument [ACL-RSI] item 9) and certainty of reinjury (as measured with the Knee Self-Efficacy Scale item D2) were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months following ACL injury or ACLR. Comparisons were performed with linear mixed models. Linear regression assessed potential prognostic factors (age, sex, preinjury activity, baseline knee function, baseline general self-efficacy, and expected recovery time) for fear of reinjury (ACL-QOL item 31) at the 3- and 12-month follow-up assessments.ResultsFear of reinjury was common regardless of ACL treatment. Fear of reinjury decreased between 3 and 6 months and 3 and 12 months (mean difference: ACL-QOL = 9 [95% CI = 2 to 15]; ACL-RSI = 21 [95% CI = 13 to 28]) after injury. This improvement was not observed in patients who later underwent ACLR, who reported worse fear of reinjury at 3 months (ACL-QOL = 10 [95% CI = 3 to 18]) and at 12 months (ACL-RSI = 22 [95% CI = 2 to 42]) postinjury compared with those who did not proceed to ACLR. Following ACLR, fear of reinjury decreased between the 3- and 12-month follow-up assessments (ACL-QOL = 10 [95% CI = 4 to 16]; ACL-RSI = 12 [95% CI = 5 to 19]). Greater baseline general self-efficacy was associated with reduced fear of reinjury at 12 months after injury (adjusted coefficient = 1.7 [95% CI = 0.0 to 3.5]). Female sex was related to more fear of reinjury 3 months after ACLR (−14.5 [95% CI = −25.9 to −3.1]), and better baseline knee function was related to reduced fear of reinjury 12 months after ACLR (0.3 [95% CI = 0.0 to 0.7]).ConclusionPeople who had ACLR reported worse fear of reinjury before surgery than those who did not proceed to ACLR. Different prognostic factors for fear of reinjury were identified in people treated with ACLR and those treated with rehabilitation alone.ImpactFear of reinjury is a concern following ACL injury. Clinicians should evaluate and address reinjury fears. These results may assist in identifying individuals at risk of fear of reinjury following surgical and nonsurgical management of ACL injury.
The COVID-19 Healthcare Personnel Study (CHPS): Overview, Methods, and Preliminary Findings
Authors: DiMaggio Charles , Abramson David , Susser Ezra S. , Hoven Christina W. , Chen Qixuan , Andrews Howard F. , Herman Daniel , Kreniske Jonah , Ryan Megan , Susser Ida , Thorpe Lorna E. , Li Guohua 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The COVID-19 Healthcare Personnel Study (CHPS) was designed to assess adverse short-term and long-term physical and mental health impacts of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on New York’s physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants.

Methods:
Online population-based survey. Survey-weighted descriptive results, frequencies, proportions, and means, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Odds ratios (ORs) for association.

Results:
Over half (51.5%; 95% CI: 49.1, 54.0) of respondents worked directly with COVID-19 patients; 27.3% (95% CI: 22.5, 32.2) tested positive. The majority (57.6%; 95% CI: 55.2, 60.0) reported a negative impact on their mental health. Negative mental health was associated with COVID-19 symptoms (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.1) and redeployment to unfamiliar functions (OR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6).

Conclusions:
A majority of New York health care providers treated COVID-19 patients and reported a negative impact on their mental health.
Environmental nucleic acids: a field-based comparison for monitoring freshwater habitats using eDNA and eRNA
Authors: Littlefair Joanne E. , Rennie Michael D. , Cristescu Melania E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNucleic acids released by organisms and isolated from environmental substrates are increasingly being used for molecular biomonitoring. While environmental DNA (eDNA) has received attention recently, the potential of environmental RNA as a biomonitoring tool remains less explored. Several recent studies using paired DNA and RNA metabarcoding of bulk samples suggest that RNA might better reflect “metabolically active” parts of the community. However, such studies mainly capture organismal eDNA and eRNA. For larger eukaryotes, isolation of extra-organismal RNA will be important, but viability needs to be examined in a field-based setting. In this study we evaluate (a) whether extra-organismal eRNA release from macroeukaryotes can be detected given its supposedly rapid degradation, and (b) if the same field collection methods for eDNA can be applied to eRNA. We collected eDNA and eRNA from water in lakes where fish community composition is well documented, enabling a comparison between the two nucleic acids in two different seasons with monitoring using conventional methods. We found that eRNA is released from macroeukaryotes and can be filtered from water and metabarcoded in a similar manner as eDNA to reliably provide species composition information. eRNA had a small but significantly greater true positive rate than eDNA, indicating that it correctly detects more species known to exist in the lakes. Given relatively small differences between the two molecules in describing fish community composition, we conclude that if eRNA provides significant advantages in terms of lability, it is a strong candidate to add to the suite of molecular monitoring tools.
Cell free extrachromosomal circular DNA is common in human urine
Authors: Lv Wei , Pan Xiaoguang , Han Peng , Wang Ziyu , Yuan Hao , Feng Weijia , Wang Qingqing , Qu Kunli , Xu Zhe , Li Yi , Zheng Tianyu , Lin Ling , Liu Chengxun , Liu Xuemei , Li Hanbo , Amund Henriksen Rasmus Henrik , Bolund Lars , Lin Lin , Jin Xin , Yang Huanming , Zhang Xiuqing , Regenberg Birgitte , Luo Yonglun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCell free extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is evolving as a potential biomarker in liquid biopsies for disease diagnosis. In this study, an optimized next generation sequencing-based Circle-Seq method was developed to investigate urinary cell free eccDNA (ucf-eccDNA) from 28 adult healthy volunteers (mean age = 28, 19 males/ 9 females). The genomic distributions and sequence compositions of ucf-eccDNAs were comprehensively characterized. Approximately 1.2 million unique ucf-eccDNAs are identified, covering 14.9% of the human genome. Comprehensive characterization of ucf-eccDNAs show that ucf-eccDNAs contain higher GC content than flanking genomic regions. Most eccDNAs are less than 1000 bp and present four pronounced peaks at 203, 361, 550 and 728 bp, indicating the association between eccDNAs and the numbers of intact nucleosomes. Analysis of genomic distribution of ucf-eccDNAs show that eccDNAs are found in all chromosomes but enriched in chromosomes i.e. chr.17, 19 and 20 with high density of protein-codding genes, CpG islands, SINE and simple repeat elements. Lastly, analysis of sequence motif signatures at eccDNA junction sites reveal that direct repeats (DRs) are commonly found, indicating a potential role of DRs in eccDNA biogenesis. This work underscores the deep sequencing analysis of ucf-eccDNAs and provides a valuable reference resource for exploring potential applications of ucf-eccDNA as diagnostic biomarkers of urogenital disorders in the future.Significance StatementExtrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is an important genetic element and a biomarker for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive characterization of urinary cell free eccDNA (ucf-eccDNA) in 28 heathy subjects. Over one million ucf-eccDNAs are identified. Ucf-eccDNAs are characterized as high GC content. The size of most ucf-eccDNAs is less than 1000 bp and enriched in four peaks resembling the size of single, double, triple, and quadruple nucleosomes. The genomic distribution of ucf-eccDNAs is enriched in generic regions, protein-coding genes, Alu, CpG islands, SINE and simple repeats. Sequence motif analysis of ucf-eccDNA junctions identified simple direct repeats (DRs) commonly presented in most eccDNAs, suggesting potential roles of DRs in eccDNA biogenesis.
Neuron particles capture network topology and behavior from single units
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Rhodes Justin , Kiani Roozbeh , Bogdan Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile networks of neurons, glia and vascular systems enable and support brain functions, to date, mathematical tools to decode network dynamics and structure from very scarce and partially observed neuronal spiking behavior remain underdeveloped. Large neuronal networks contribute to the intrinsic neuron transfer function and observed neuronal spike trains encoding complex causal information processing, yet how this emerging causal fractal memory in the spike trains relates to the network topology is not fully understood. Towards this end, we propose a novel statistical physics inspired neuron particle model that captures the causal information flow and processing features of neuronal spiking activity. Relying on synthetic comprehensive simulations and real-world neuronal spiking activity analysis, the proposed fractional order operators governing the neuronal spiking dynamics provide insights into the memory and scale of the spike trains as well as information about the topological properties of the underlying neuronal networks. Lastly, the proposed model exhibits superior predictions of animal behavior during multiple cognitive tasks.
Horizontal gene transfer facilitates the spread of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in soil
Authors: Kittredge Heather A. , Dougherty Kevin M. , Evans Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous in the environment and pose a serious risk to human and veterinary health. While many studies focus on the spread of live antibiotic resistant bacteria throughout the environment, it is unclear whether extracellular ARGs from dead cells can transfer to live bacteria to facilitate the evolution of antibiotic resistance in nature. Here, we inoculate antibiotic-free soil with extracellular ARGs (eARGs) from dead Pseudeononas stutzeri cells and track the evolution of antibiotic resistance via natural transformation – a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer involving the genomic integration of eARGs. We find that transformation facilitates the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance even when eARGs occur at low concentrations (0.25 μg g-1 soil). However, when eARGs are abundant, transformation increases substantially. The evolution of antibiotic resistance was high under soil moistures typical in terrestrial systems (5%-30% gravimetric water content) and was only inhibited at very high soil moistures (>30%). While eARGs transformed into live cells at a low frequency, exposure to a low dose of antibiotic allowed a small number of transformants to reach high abundances in laboratory populations, suggesting even rare transformation events pose a risk to human health. Overall, this work demonstrates that dead bacteria and their eARGs are an overlooked path to antibiotic resistance, and that disinfection alone is insufficient to stop the spread of antibiotic resistance. More generally, the spread of eARGs in antibiotic-free soil suggests that transformation allows genetic variants to establish at low frequencies in the absence of antibiotic selection.ImportanceOver the last decade, antibiotics in the environment have gained increasing attention because they can select for drug-resistant phenotypes that would have otherwise gone extinct. To counter this effect, bacterial populations exposed to antibiotics often undergo disinfection. However, the release of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) into the environment following disinfection can promote the transfer of eARGs through natural transformation. This phenomenon is well-documented in wastewater and drinking water, but yet to be investigated in soil. Our results directly demonstrate that eARGs from dead bacteria are an important, but often overlooked source of antibiotic resistance in soil. We conclude that disinfection alone is insufficient to prevent the spread of ARGs. Special caution should be taken in releasing antibiotics into the environment, even if there are no live antibiotic resistant bacteria in the community, as transformation allows DNA to maintain its biological activity past microbial death.
Recurrence quantification analysis of Q&A behavior from the perspective of explicit and tacit knowledge – an empirical study based on Zhihu's hashtags
Authors: Feng Xin , Wang Xu , Wang Tianjiao 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the time structure characteristics of collaborative knowledge production behaviors in Q&A (question-and-answer) communities for explicit and tacit knowledge, and systematically investigate the supply side and the demand side of knowledge production.Design/methodology/approachTaking Zhihu as the research object, using the methods of recurrence plot and recurrence quantification analysis, this paper analyzes the recursive characteristics of the motion trajectories of the three behavioral sequences of questioning, answering, and discussion, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the generation and evolution mechanism of explicit and tacit knowledge.FindingsThe results show that compared with the demand-side behavior sequence, the supply-side behavior sequence exhibits higher stability, complexity and periodicity. Compared with the tacit knowledge topics, the demand-side behavior sequence of the explicit knowledge topics shows stronger nonlinearity, and the supply-side behavior sequence shows lower complexity.Originality/valueThe research conclusions provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the recurrence plot method in distinguishing different types of knowledge production behaviors and have important application value for the “crowdsourcing” knowledge generation and identification under the knowledge economy and the sustainable development of the socialized question-and-answer community.
Influence of national and regional level social capital on entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Cox Kevin C. , Lortie Jason , Dheer Ratan J.S. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence that national levels of social capital have on entrepreneurial activity. Specifically, we argue that national and regional level social capital positively influences the ability of entrepreneurs to mobilize and access important resources thereby positively impacting the rate of entrepreneurship within nations and regions.Design/methodology/approachWe advance a multilevel and multidimensional conceptualization of social capital. Then based on a dataset of 68 nations and 665 within-nation regions, we empirically evaluate the effects of social capital at the national and regional level in explaining differences in entrepreneurial activity across nations and regions using a combination of regression analysis and multilevel hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).FindingsOur findings emphasize the importance of formulating a multilevel conceptualization of social capital for entrepreneurship research. We discuss the results, provide implications for public policy and suggest avenues for future research.Originality/valueThe overwhelming majority of entrepreneurship research focused on investigating the implications of social capital reside at the individual level of analysis. Our unique inquiry is an inaugural effort to consider this important implications at the macro and meso-level of analysis by examining both regional and national-level effects.