bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room temperature ferromagnetic stability of SrTi1−
x
M
xO3 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu): A theoretical perspective
Authors: Zang Tao-Cheng , Chen Gao-Yuan , Ma Chun-Lan 
Published: May 2021

The diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) has significant potential application in spintronic devices, and DMS oxides have been considered a possibility for high ferromagnetic transition temperature. Here, the first-principles calculation is utilized to comprehensively examine characteristics of high ferromagnetic transition temperature in transition-metal (TM = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu)-doped SrTiO3 (STO) at 25%, 12.5%, and 7.4% doping concentrations with respect to their total energy, Curie temperature (TC), formation energy, and Gibbs free energy. We find that high ferromagnetic transition temperature can be obtained in Mn-, Fe-, and Co-doped STO systems with dopant concentration over 7.4%. In addition, TC decreases with the decrease in doping concentration. In particular, above 340 K, Mn-doped STO with 25% doping concentration is in the ferromagnetic state, which resolves the conflict in previous reports that the theoretically calculated Mn-doped STO system has no room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM), which has been reported experimentally. V- and Cu-doped STO systems always show the antiferromagnetic ground state. Although the Cr-doped system shows the ferromagnetic ground state at a concentration of 25%, its TC (92.4 K) is much lower than room temperature. Whether Ni-doped STO has ferromagnetism at room temperature needs further experimental verification. The results indicate that Mn-, Fe-, and Co-doped STO systems are very good candidate materials exhibiting RTFM.
Wild-type α-synuclein inherits the structure and exacerbated neuropathology of E46K mutant fibril strain by cross-seeding
Authors: Long Houfang , Zheng Weitong , Liu Yang , Sun Yunpeng , Zhao Kun , Liu Zhenying , Xia Wencheng , Lv Shiran , Liu Zhengtao , Li Dan , He Kai-Wen , Liu Cong 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Amyloid deposition of α-syn is a hallmark of PD. Heterozygous point mutations of α-syn are associated with the early-onset and rapid progression of fPD. In this study, we found the fibril strain formed by a familial mutant hE46K induced early-onset motor deficit and enhanced α-syn aggregation in vivo. More importantly, we showed through cryogenic electron microscopy and in vivo studies the E46K fibril strain can template wild-type α-syn monomer to form amyloid fibrils, which inherit both the structure and propagation potency of the template. Our work reveals the structural basis underlying the cross-seeding between wild-type and mutant α-syn, underscores the importance of fibril structure in determining α-syn neuropathology, and provides mechanistic understanding of the pathology of E46K-associated fPD.
Global declines in coral reef calcium carbonate production under ocean acidification and warming
Authors: Cornwall Christopher E. , Comeau Steeve , Kornder Niklas A. , Perry Chris T. , van Hooidonk Ruben , DeCarlo Thomas M. , Pratchett Morgan S. , Anderson Kristen D. , Browne Nicola , Carpenter Robert , Diaz-Pulido Guillermo , D’Olivo Juan P. , Doo Steve S. , Figueiredo Joana , Fortunato Sofia A. V. , Kennedy Emma , Lantz Coulson A. , McCulloch Malcolm T. , González-Rivero Manuel , Schoepf Verena , Smithers Scott G. , Lowe Ryan J. 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceThe growth of coral reefs is threatened by the dual stressors of ocean warming and acidification. Despite a wealth of studies assessing the impacts of climate change on individual taxa, projections of their impacts on coral reef net carbonate production are limited. By projecting impacts across 233 different locations, we demonstrate that the majority of coral reefs will be unable to maintain positive net carbonate production globally by the year 2100 under representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and 8.5, while even under RCP2.6, coral reefs will suffer reduced accretion rates. Our results provide quantitative projections of how different climate change stressors will influence whole ecosystem carbonate production across coral reefs in all major ocean basins.
Development of human white matter pathways in utero over the second and third trimester
Authors: Wilson Siân , Pietsch Maximilian , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Price Anthony N. , Hutter Jana , Xiao Jiaxin , McCabe Laura , Rutherford Mary A. , Hughes Emer J. , Counsell Serena J. , Tournier Jacques-Donald , Arichi Tomoki , Hajnal Joseph V. , Edwards A. David , Christiaens Daan , O’Muircheartaigh Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

Significance
This work uses state-of-the-art acquisition and analysis methods developed specifically for fetal MRI to delineate the developing brain’s association, projection, and callosal white matter pathways. We describe unique, heterogenous maturational trajectories for different tracts, suggesting that regionally distinct biological mechanisms are at play in building the structural connectome in utero.
Risk of groundwater contamination widely underestimated because of fast flow into aquifers
Authors: Hartmann Andreas , Jasechko Scott , Gleeson Tom , Wada Yoshihide , Andreo Bartolomé , Barberá Juan Antonio , Brielmann Heike , Bouchaou Lhoussaine , Charlier Jean-Baptiste , Darling W. George , Filippini Maria , Garvelmann Jakob , Goldscheider Nico , Kralik Martin , Kunstmann Harald , Ladouche Bernard , Lange Jens , Lucianetti Giorgia , Martín José Francisco , Mudarra Matías , Sánchez Damián , Stumpp Christine , Zagana Eleni , Wagener Thorsten 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Clean groundwater is essential for water supply in many regions of the world. Fast flow to the groundwater through enlarged cracks and fissures, which is known to transmit short-lived pollutants into the groundwater, is often neglected in large-scale studies. We quantify the rapid transport of pollutants by fast flow into the carbonate rock groundwater storage in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. We show that, through rapid transport, up to 50% of infiltrating pollutants may still reach the groundwater table, which is substantially more than estimated when fast transport is neglected. These results imply that the contamination risk of usable groundwater storages is much larger than expected where fast flow to the groundwater occurs.
Widespread deep seismicity in the Delaware Basin, Texas, is mainly driven by shallow wastewater injection
Authors: Zhai Guang , Shirzaei Manoochehr , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceThe Delaware Basin, western Texas, has experienced a surge in the number of earthquakes. We investigate basin-wide earthquake, hydrogeologic, industrial, and geodetic data spanning 1993–2020 to identify the reasons for the increase. We use these data and models to quantify the stress changes from wastewater injection and hydrocarbon extraction. We demonstrate that the basin-wide seismicity is dominated by the stresses caused by shallow injection that are transmitted vertically by deforming the underlying crust. We analyze both injection and production data to understand how subsurface properties control earthquake locations and timings. We suggest that injecting wastewater into porous formations will minimize seismic hazard. We establish a framework explaining why earthquakes sometimes occur and sometimes do not occur within human activity-impacted areas.
A fast image reconstruction method for planar objects CT inspired by differentiation property of Fourier transform (DPFT)
Authors: Zhao Shusen , Xia Dimeng , Zhao Xing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In planar objects computed tomography (CT), restricted to the scanning environment, projections can only be collected from limited angles. Moreover, limited by the emitting power of the x-ray source, only a few photons penetrate the long side of the planar objects, which results in the noise increasing in projections. Planar objects CT reconstruction based on these two conditions is mathematically corresponding to solving an ill-posed inverse problem. Although several iterative reconstruction algorithms of limited-angle CT were proposed, high-quality planar objects CT reconstruction algorithms with fast convergence are still the goals of many researchers. In order to address the aforementioned problems, we proposed a new optimization model for planar objects CT reconstruction. Inspired by the theory of ‘visible boundary and invisible boundary’ in limited-angle CT and the differentiation property of Fourier transform, a new optimization objective function is proposed in this paper. Based on the statistical noise model of existing CT system, the convex set constraint of the optimization model is given. Besides, the optimization model is solved by convex set projection and Fourier transform differentiation property. The proposed algorithm was evaluated with both simulated data and real data. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve the effect of noise suppression, limited-angle artifacts reduction, and fast structure reconstruction when it applies to planar objects CT.
Enhanced performance of ultra-thin polyaniline supercapacitor via aniline blue-WS SAMs with rich nucleation site
Authors: Kiymaz Deniz , Kiymaz Aykut , Dincalp Haluk , Zafer Ceylan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report the ultrathin supercapacitor’s superior performance via the vertically aligned one-dimensional polyaniline structure (1D PANI) growth on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. FTO electrodes were treated by the molecular-self assembly, and the effects of different self assembled monolayers (SAMs) on both the evolution of PANI and electrochemical performance were examined. We obtained 809.09 F g−1 specific capacitance from ∼120 nm thick PANI (at 20 mV s−1 scan rate of cyclic voltammetry) via aniline blue water soluble SAMs modification. The supercapacitor’s internal dynamics were clarified by a new equivalent circuit model developed from the Graham model. Through the new model, accurate information about double-layer capacitance, percolation capacitance, and bulk capacitance, which composes the electrode’s capacitive performance, could be obtained. This work provided novel knowledge to develop PANI deposition and hence to achieve greater capacitances.
Low-energy in-gap states of vortices in superconductor–semiconductor heterostructures
Authors: Ziesen Alexander , Hassler Fabian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The recent interest in the low-energy states in vortices of semiconductor–superconductor heterostructures are mainly fuelled by the prospects of using Majorana zero modes for quantum computation. The knowledge of low-lying states in the vortex core is essential as they pose a limitation on the topological computation with these states. Recently, the low-energy spectra of clean heterostructures, for superconducting-pairing profiles that vary slowly on the scale of the Fermi wavelength of the semiconductor, have been analytically calculated. In this work, we formulate an alternative method based on perturbation theory to obtain concise analytical formulas to predict the low-energy states including explicit magnetic-field and gap profiles. We provide results for both a topological insulator (with a linear spectrum) as well as for a conventional electron gas (with a quadratic spectrum). We discuss the spectra for a wide range of parameters, including both the size of the vortex and the chemical potential of the semiconductor, and thereby provide a tool to guide future experimental efforts. We compare these findings to numerical results.
Construction of 2D layered TiO2@MoS2 heterostructure for efficient adsorption and photodegradation of organic dyes
Authors: Omar Asmaa M A , Hassen Arafa , Metwalli Ossama I , Saber Mohamed R , Mohamed Sayed R E , Khalil Ahmed S G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, heterostructures of coupled TiO2@MoS2 with different phases of MoS2 were synthesized via hydrothermal technique. The prepared materials were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including XRD, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller, XPS, Zeta potential and UV–vis spectroscopy. The optimized nanocomposites were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl Orange (MO) under visible light as well as the adsorption of Rhodamine b (RhB) and methelene blue (MB) dyes. The TiO2@1T/2H-MoS2 heterostructures exhibited a narrow bandgap compared to the other studied nanomaterials. A remarkable photodegradation efficiency of TiO2@1T/2H-MoS2 was observed, which completely degraded 20 ppm of MO after 60 min with high stability over four successive cycles. This can be assigned to the formation of unique heterostructures with aligned energy bands between MoS2 nanosheets and TiO2 nanobelts. The formation of these novel interfaces promoted the electron transfer and increased the separation efficiency of carriers, resulting in high photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, the adsorption efficiency of TiO2@1T/2H-MoS2 was unique, 20 ppm solutions of RhB and MB were removed after 1 and 2 min, respectively. The superior adsorption performance of the TiO2@1T/2H-MoS2 can be attributed to its high surface area (279.9 m2 g−1) and the rich concentration of active sites. The kinetics and the isothermal analysis revealed that the TiO2@1T/2H MoS2 heterstructures have maximum adsorption capacity of 1200 and 970 mg g−1 for RhB and MB, respectively. This study provides a powerful way for designing an effective photocatalyst and adsorbent TiO2-based nanocomposites for water remediation.
A CFRP/PZT laminated piezoelectric motor with high force density
Authors: Cao Teng , Li Xiaoniu , Wen Zhiyi , Wang Boquan , Liu Wei , Yu De , Wu Dawei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work presents a laminated piezoelectric (PZT) motor to achieve high force density, high strength, and compact structure. The oscillator consists of vibration units and a driving foot. Each of the vibration units is formed by symmetrically bonding two PZT ceramics on a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) layer to improve its strength. The oscillator works in hybrid mode of the first longitudinal vibration (L1) and second bending vibration (B2). The finite-element method is adopted to tune the resonance frequencies of the two modes, and the vibration characteristics are experimentally analyzed. The strength test shows that the presence of the CFRP layer can increase the overall strength of the oscillator by 28% compared with a pure PZT motor. To evaluate the performance, the load characteristics of the fabricated prototype (with a size of 39 × 10 × 4.6 mm3 and weight of 10.6 g) are tested on a designed testbed. The single-phase driving method is used to drive the motor, and the best performance is obtained at the B2-mode frequency. The maximum thrust force, no-load speed, and output power reach 17 N, 335 mm s−1, and 775 mW, respectively, at a drive voltage of 100 Vp. Meanwhile, a thrust density of 1604 N kg−1 and an output power density of 73.11 W kg−1 are achieved. The thrust density is much higher than that of the other motors that operate in the same modes.
Forests moderate the effectiveness of water treatment at reducing childhood diarrhea
Authors: Rasolofoson Ranaivo A , Ricketts Taylor H , Johnson Kiersten B , Jacob Anila , Fisher Brendan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Environmental degradation has been associated with increased burden of diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and malnutrition. As a result, some have argued that continuing ecosystem change could undermine successes in global health investments. Here we conduct an empirical study to investigate this concern. Child deaths due to diarrhea have more than halved since the year 2000, partly due to increased access to improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). We examine how the effectiveness of a water quality treatment may vary as a function of upstream watershed condition. We use data on occurrence of diarrhea and point-of-use water treatment methods from the Demographic and Health Surveys for Haiti and Honduras. We integrate these data with a variable that reflects the influence of upstream tree cover on surface water quality. Point-of-use chlorination is significantly associated with 3.4 percentage points reduction in prevalence of diarrheal disease on average. However, we only detect a significant reduction in diarrheal prevalence when upstream watersheds are moderately forested. At low upstream tree coverage, point-of-use water chlorination does not have significant effects, suggesting that forest clearing could undermine its effectiveness at reducing childhood diarrhea. Our results suggest that forested watersheds may reduce water-borne sediments and contaminants, and thus improve raw water quality in ways that moderate the effectiveness of water quality treatment. Watershed protection should be considered in WASH investments, as deforested watersheds could undermine their effectiveness, particularly in parts of low-income countries where access to improved WASH services is challenging.
Potential of ginger (Zingiber officinale) crude extract as a chemotherapeutic agent for tiger grouper (Epinephelus foscoguttatus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Anjur N , Sabran S F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One week of study was conducted to observe the potential of ginger crude extract in the treatment of tiger grouper (Epinephelus foscoguttatus) infected by a pathogenic bacterium in aquaculture, Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 135 fish were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1ml of A. hydrophila (106 CFU ml−1) and stock in 15 aquaria (13L). Four concentrations of ginger extract (0.4g/L, 0.8g/L, 1.2g/L and 2.0g/L) were used as the treatment and the control is 0g/L. Water parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and salinity of the treatment tank were in the range of (4.05 – 4.20 ppm), (7.2 – 8.2), (25.6 – 28.8°C) and (22-25ppt) respectively. The extract’s potential as a treatment agent in the infected fish was recorded in terms of fish survival and physical condition such as the sign of bacterial infection and swimming behaviour. The results show infected tiger grouper treated with a concentration of ginger extract of 0.8g/L can improve the survival rate of fish by 89%. It can be concluded that crude ginger extract can enhance the survival rate and has the potential to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent in bacterial infection of tiger grouper fish.
Two New Distributional Records of Gliding Squirrels in Merapoh Forest Complex, Pahang
Authors: Arifuddin M N , S Ostermann , H Yazid , I Normazzaliana , N J Amira , I Mukri , R Elly , C L Marieanne , S Appalasamy , V K Jayaraj 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA preliminary survey on the diversity of gliding squirrels was conducted from September 2019 until February 2020 in several locations within Merapoh, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia using standard line transect method. The survey areas include a pristine forest, logged-over forest and agro-forested plantations. Gliding squirrels were spotted using a headlamp, binoculars (8x30 magnification) and a Digital SLR affixed with a telephoto lens (Nikon D500 + Nikkor 200-500 F5.6 VR) as they are mainly nocturnal. The highlight of this short survey was two new distributional records of flying squirrels for Merapoh Forest Complex. These two species were Spotted giant gliding squirrel (Petaurista elegans) and Temminck’s gliding squirrel (Petinomys setosus). Other gliding squirrels recorded in this survey include the Red Giant gliding squirrel (Petaurista petaurista), Horsfield’s gliding squirrel (Iomys horsfieldii) and Red-cheeked gliding squirrel (Hylopetes spadiceus). Apart from gliding squirrel, a total of eleven (11) species of other squirrels were also recorded within this survey. Continuous and systematic diversity surveys on gliding squirrels are needed as it is still understudied in Malaysia especially Merapoh.
Evaluation on the Potential of Hot Spring as Nature Tourism Attraction in Lojing Highlands, Kelantan, Peninsula Malaysia
Authors: Fiffy H S , Elia G , Nor Hizami H , Zulhazman H , Nordiana M N , Nor Akmar A A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Natural hot springs are a common occurrence in Malaysia. These natural hot springs occur when water seeps into the earth and is heated by magma and pressure causes the water to rise again as a heated pool or hot springs. Some locals believe that these natural hot springs have curative effects and can cure skin ailments such as rashes, pimples and fungi infections. Whether this is true or not remains to be scientifically proven, but these places have become a magnet for tourists and those seeking healing. Some of Malaysia’s natural hot springs have developed into modern tourists’ attractions with shops, rest houses, restaurants and changing rooms built nearby to accommodate visitors who are interested by this natural phenomenon and the best example is the Poring Hot Springs, in Ranau, Sabah. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to briefly highlight the potential of Lojing’s hot springs as nature tourism attraction for the state of Kelantan. This paper provides a broad insight into the demand for services and facilities, location and characteristics of Lojing’s geothermal and natural mineral water resources, the opportunities available to expand and establish new facilities and an indication of the success of Sabah’s developments with the potential to be replicated in Lojing. Based on the content analysis done using Leximancer, it is apparent that Lojing’s hot spring requires intervention in terms of strategies that aimed at increasing tourist satisfaction. It is suggested that the theme “leisure” to be concentrated as the pull factor for Lojing hot spring-based tourism.
A preliminary study of tourists and vendors perception on the development of tourism souvenirs using natural dye from plants
Authors: Hashim N I R , Md Salleh N A , Norazlimi N A , Rahman A A A , Pa’ee F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The souvenir industry encompasses both handmade and massive scale productions. Production of coloured textiles becomes one of the basic technologies in human civilization. Based on the traditional knowledge of Temuan community lived in Taman Negara Johor Gunung Ledang, this research aims to develop souvenir products with t-shirts by adding natural color from Curcuma longa and Lawsonia inermis Linn. In order to develop the products, some steps were taken into account included the selection of plants part, extraction method, selection of mordant and technique used, and dyeing process. The color of aqueous extraction from C. longa and L. inermis were deep yellow and deep red, respectively. However, the color obtained on the t-shirts was slightly different. The perception of vendors and tourists in Taman Negara Johor Gunung Ledang (Waterfall), Tangkak, Johor towards developed souvenir using natural dye from plants are done through random survey session by distributing the questionnaire to the 122 respondents. 120 (98.4%) respondents reacted positively towards the souvenirs developed from natural plants based dye.