bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of SABRE crystal NaI-33 with direct underground counting
Authors: Antonello M. , Arnquist I. J. , Barberio E. , Baroncelli T. , Benziger J. , Bignell L. J. , Bolognino I. , Calaprice F. , Copello S. , Dafinei I. , D’Angelo D. , D’Imperio G. , D’Incecco M. , Di Carlo G. , Diemoz M. , Di Giacinto A. , Di Ludovico A. , Dix W. , Duffy A. R. , Hoppe E. , Ianni A. , Iannone M. , Ioannucci L. , Krishnan S. , Lane G. J. , Mahmood I. , Mariani A. , Milana S. , Mould J. , Nuti F. , Orlandi D. , Pettinacci V. , Pietrofaccia L. , Rahatlou S. , Scutti F. , Souza M. , Stuchbery A. E. , Suerfu B. , Tomei C. , Urquijo P. , Vignoli C. , Wallner A. , Wada M. , Williams A. G. , Zani A. , Zurowski M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUltra-pure NaI(Tl) crystals are the key element for a model-independent verification of the long standing DAMA result and a powerful means to search for the annual modulation signature of dark matter interactions. The SABRE collaboration has been developing cutting-edge techniques for the reduction of intrinsic backgrounds over several years. In this paper we report the first characterization of a 3.4 kg crystal, named NaI-33, performed in an underground passive shielding setup at LNGS. NaI-33 has a record low $$^{39}$$

39

K contamination of 4.3 ± 0.2 ppb as determined by mass spectrometry. We measured a light yield of 11.1 ± 0.2 photoelectrons/keV and an energy resolution of 13.2% (FWHM/E) at 59.5 keV. We evaluated the activities of $$^{226}$$

226

Ra and $$^{228}$$

228

Th inside the crystal to be $$5.9\pm 0.6~\upmu $$

5.9
±
0.6

μ

Bq/kg and $$1.6\pm 0.3~\upmu $$

1.6
±
0.3

μ

Bq/kg, respectively, which would indicate a contamination from $$^{238}$$

238

U and $$^{232}$$

232

Th at part-per-trillion level. We measured an activity of 0.51 ± 0.02 mBq/kg due to $$^{210}$$

210

Pb out of equilibrium and a $$\alpha $$
α
quenching factor of 0.63 ± 0.01 at 5304 keV. We illustrate the analyses techniques developed to reject electronic noise in the lower part of the energy spectrum. A cut-based strategy and a multivariate approach indicated a rate, attributed to the intrinsic radioactivity of the crystal, of $$\sim $$
∼
1 count/day/kg/keV in the [5–20] keV region.
The Differential Risk of Cervical Cancer in HPV-Vaccinated and -Unvaccinated Women: A Mathematical Modeling Study
Authors: Naslazi Emi , Hontelez Jan A.C. , Naber Steffie K. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , de Kok Inge M.C.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
With increased uptake of vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), protection against cervical cancer will also increase for unvaccinated women, due to herd immunity. Still, the differential risk between vaccinated and unvaccinated women might warrant a vaccination-status–screening approach. To understand the potential value of stratified screening protocols, we estimated the risk differentials in HPV and cervical cancer between vaccinated and unvaccinated women.

Methods:
We used STDSIM, an individual-based model of HPV transmission and control, to estimate the HPV prevalence reduction over time, after introduction of HPV vaccination. We simulated scenarios of bivalent or nonavalent vaccination in females-only or females and males, at 20% coverage increments. We estimated relative HPV-type–specific prevalence reduction compared with a no-vaccination counterfactual and then estimated the age-specific cervical cancer risk by vaccination status.

Results:
The relative cervical cancer risk for unvaccinated compared with vaccinated women ranged from 1.7 (bivalent vaccine for females and males; 80% coverage) to 10.8 (nonavalent vaccine for females-only; 20% coverage). Under 60% vaccination coverage, which is a representative coverage for several western countries, including the United States, the relative risk (RR) varies between 2.2 (bivalent vaccine for females and males) and 9.2 (nonavalent vaccine for females).

Conclusions:
We found large cervical cancer risk differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. In general, our model shows that the RR is higher in lower vaccine coverages, using the nonavalent vaccine, and when vaccinating females only.

Impact:
To avoid a disbalance in harms and benefits between vaccinated and unvaccinated women, vaccination-based screening needs serious consideration.
Werner Helicase Is a Synthetic-Lethal Vulnerability in Mismatch Repair–Deficient Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Targeted Therapies, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy
Authors: Picco Gabriele , Cattaneo Chiara M. , van Vliet Esmée J. , Crisafulli Giovanni , Rospo Giuseppe , Consonni Sarah , Vieira Sara F. , Rodríguez Iñigo Sánchez , Cancelliere Carlotta , Banerjee Ruby , Schipper Luuk J. , Oddo Daniele , Dijkstra Krijn K. , Cinatl Jindrich , Michaelis Martin , Yang Fengtang , Di Nicolantonio Federica , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Siena Salvatore , Arena Sabrina , Voest Emile E. , Bardelli Alberto , Garnett Mathew J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are used to treat patients with mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer. The clinical effectiveness of targeted therapy and chemotherapy is limited by resistance and drug toxicities, and about half of patients receiving immunotherapy have disease that is refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Loss of Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase (WRN) is a synthetic lethality in dMMR/MSI-H cells. To inform the development of WRN as a therapeutic target, we performed WRN knockout or knockdown in 60 heterogeneous dMMR colorectal cancer preclinical models, demonstrating that WRN dependency is an almost universal feature and a robust marker for patient selection. Furthermore, models of resistance to clinically relevant targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy retain WRN dependency. These data show the potential of therapeutically targeting WRN in patients with dMMR/MSI-H colorectal cancer and support WRN as a therapeutic option for patients with dMMR/MSI-H cancers refractory to current treatment strategies.

Significance:
We found that a large, diverse set of dMMR/MSI-H colorectal cancer preclinical models, including models of treatment-refractory disease, are WRN-dependent. Our results support WRN as a promising synthetic-lethal target in dMMR/MSI-H colorectal cancer tumors as a monotherapy or in combination with targeted agents, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1861
Knucklebone Faces and Throws: Play, Rules, and Rhetorical Discourse in Julius Pollux
Authors: Vespa Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The reconstruction of the culture of play and games in antiquity involves many problems of an exegetical nature, which are especially difficult to analyse because of the limited amount of encyclopaedic evidence that might provide adequate overviews and descriptions. Julius Pollux’s lexicon is an essential text in this regard. In the second half of the second century AD he wrote a synthesis of ancient knowledge, in which each notice was presented within very specific rhetorical and discursive constraints. This article focuses specifically on a passage (Poll. 9.100) in which two different names are given to the same face of the knucklebone. This passage presents an interpretative problem that has led some scholars to hypothesize a specific game rule. This paper shows how the answer to such an exegetical aporia can be solved by looking at the rhetorical specificities of the lexicographic genre and in particular at the discursive organization of the onomastic knowledge by Pollux.
Home visiting support for people with hikikomori (social withdrawal) provided by experienced and effective workers
Authors: Funakoshi Akiko , Saito Masako , Yong Roseline , Suzuki Midori 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Hikikomori – an almost complete withdrawal from social interaction first seen in Japan – is becoming an emerging psychological syndrome worldwide. The mental health community in Japan has focused on hikikomori since the 1990s. Hikikomori was initially considered a culture-bound trait, unique to Japan; however, it has become an international concern, and cases have been reported even outside of Japan. While home visiting support for people with hikikomori has gained popularity, an effective solution remains elusive. This paper describes the process involved in effective home visiting support provided by experienced workers to help people with hikikomori. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 home-visiting support workers in Japan. Collected data were analysed using a constant comparative method based on Grounded Theory. Results: ‘Supporting them in finding their own way to participate in society’ was identified as the core category. This core category was substantiated by following three interrelated stages: preparing the involved surroundings for reaching out to a person, maintaining constant communication and expanding the range of activities and relationships. The process encouraged people with hikikomori to enhance their social connections and improved their motivation for social participation. People with hikikomori experiencing despair and isolation began to find pleasure in social participation through the three stages of support provided by home-visiting workers. Conclusion: Our study suggests that Home visiting support for people with hikikomori can be enhanced by these three interrelated methods which can help individuals integrate into society and connect with others.
Syringin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting neuroinflammation and TLR4 signaling
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhu Xuyao , Tong Xiuxia , Tan Ziqiang 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/R) is associated with high mortality and remains a large challenge in the clinic. Syringin is a bioactive compound with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, as well as neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, whether syringin could protect against CI/R injury and its potential mechanism was still unclear. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group, syringin group, CI/R group, CI/R + syringin group, and CI/R + syringin + LPS (TLR4 agonist) group. The CI/R injury rat model was established by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The learning and memory ability of rats was estimated by the Morris water maze test. Modified neurological severity score test (mNSS) and infarct volume were detected to assess the neuroprotective effect of syringin. ELISA and RT-qPCR were used to analyze the concentration of proinflammation cytokines and the expression of TLR4. Results: CI/R injury induced increased mNSS scores and decreased learning and memory ability of rats. Syringin could significantly protect against CI/R injury as it decreased the cerebral damage and improved the cognitive ability of CI/R rats. Moreover, syringin also reduced neuroinflammation of CI/R injury rats. Additionally, TLR4 was significantly upregulated in CI/R injury rats, which was suppressed by syringin. The activation of TLR4 reversed the neuroprotective effect of syringin in CI/R rats. Conclusion: Syringin decreased the inflammation reaction and cerebral damage in CI/R injury rats. The neuroprotective effect of syringin may be correlated with the inhibition of TLR4.
Percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign body in children: a case series and review
Authors: Pazinato Lucas Vatanabe , Leite Tulio Fabiano de Oliveira , Bortolini Edgar , Pereira Osvaldo Ignacio , Nomura Cesar Higa , Motta-Leal-Filho Joaquim Mauricio da 
Published: April 2021

Background Percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies has recently increased as a treatment option. Purpose To report our single-center experience of the percutaneous retrieval of 14 intravascular embolized catheter fragments in children and to conduct a literature review. Material and Methods MEDLINE databases were searched for case reports and series including children and iatrogenic catheter fragments or guidewires retrieved through percutaneous techniques. We also conducted a retrospective analysis of 14 cases from our institution over a 14-year period. A total of 27 studies were selected comprising 74 children, plus our 14 unpublished cases. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel version 2016. Results Port catheter fragments and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) were the most embolized foreign bodies and the pulmonary artery was the most common site of embolization in 44.1% of cases. Analysis of the retrieval technique demonstrated a preference for extraction through the femoral vein (81.7%) and using snare techniques (93.5%). The success rate of percutaneous retrieval was 96.6% with only 1.1% of procedure-related complications. Patients were asymptomatic in 77.2% of cases, presented septic complications in 2.3%, and no deaths were reported. Median fluoroscopy time was 10 min (range = 1.7–80 min) and median procedure length was 60 min (range = 35–208 min). Conclusion Percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies is a feasible, safe, and efficient technique in children and should be considered the preferred treatment option.
Risk factors associated with urethral stricture recurrence after end-to-end urethroplasty and buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty
Authors: Pallares-Méndez Rigoberto , Cota-Agüero Jesús Arturo , Gutierrez-Gonzalez Adrian , Cervantes-Miranda Daniel Eduardo , Hernández-Aranda Katherine Lyn , Ochoa-Arvizo Mario , Aguilar-Rivera Luis Gerardo 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: (1) Assess risk factors associated with urethral stricture recurrence (USR). (2) Assess urethral stricture recurrence after end-to-end urethroplasty (EE) and buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty (BMG). Subjects and methods: A total of 29 males with urethral stricture who underwent either an end-to-end urethroplasty or a buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty were included in this study and followed for 18 months. The association between risk factors and stricture recurrence was assessed. Results: Overall mean patient age was 51.69 ± 14.22 years, time to recurrence was 3 months (IQR: 1–6.25), and stricture length was 2.57 ± 1.30 cm. Important risk factors for USR were stricture length ⩾ 2 cm ( p = 0.024), older age ( p = 0.042), BMI > 25 kg/m2 ( p = 0.021), Qmax after catheter removal <15 ml/s (χ2 = 14.87 p ⩽ <0.001) and previous urethral procedures adjusted for re-do BMG urethroplasty (χ2 = 6.10, p = 0.021). End-to-end urethroplasty showed less USR than BMG, however, these differences were not statistically significant (41.6% vs 22.2%, respectively, p ⩾ 0.05). Conclusions: Stricture length, age, BMI, and previous urethral procedures predict USR, furthermore, an initial Qmax after catheter removal is an objective measure predictive of USR. There’s no difference in USR rate between BMG and EE urethroplasties.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair With Additional Distal Bare Stents in Type B Aortic Dissection Does Not Prevent Long-Term Aneurysmal Degeneration
Authors: Mascia Daniele , Rinaldi Enrico , Salvati Simone , Melloni Andrea , Kahlberg Andrea , Bertoglio Luca , Monaco Fabrizio , Chiesa Roberto , Melissano Germano 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: TEVAR (thoracic endovascular aortic repair) + PETTICOAT (Provisional ExTension to Induce COmplete ATtachment) technique has been selectively employed since 2005 at our institution during endovascular treatment of type B aortic dissection (TBD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term (>5 years) clinical results and the evolution of aortic volume. Materials and Methods: All the patients receiving an endovascular treatment for TBD with the PETTICOAT technique were collected in a prospectively maintained database and follow-up computed tomography scan were retrospectively analyzed. Study endpoints included short- and long-term clinical success (absence of need for reintervention) and any major adverse event. The volumes of thoracic and abdominal aorta at long-term follow-up were also analyzed. Results: Twenty-eight patients received a TEVAR + PETTICOAT and were followed up (median follow-up 85 months). Primary 30-day clinical success rate was 82% with an adverse event rate of 31%; 4 type I endoleak and 1 retrograde dissection were recorded. Secondary mid-term clinical success was 96% while the long-term clinical success rate was 79%. Six cases (21%) received either an open repair or an endovascular repair for a significant distal aortic enlargement at follow-up. With regards to volumetric analysis, an increase of overall (thoracic and abdominal) aortic volume was observed in 8 cases mainly related to an increase (mean: +31%) of the abdominal volume that was observed in 11 cases. Conclusions: PETTICOAT technique does not protect from long-term significant aneurysmal degeneration that may require aortic open or endovascular reinterventions. Aortic growth occurs mainly in the bare-stented aorta and thus, life-long surveillance is advisable in these patients.
Exploring the Safety, Effectiveness, and Cost-Effectiveness of a Chinese Patent Medicine (Fufang E’jiao Syrup) for Alleviating Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial
Authors: Song Zhuo , Sun Ling-yun , Gu Shan-shan , Zhu Xiao-shu , Lai He-zheng , Lu Fang , Cui Ning , Li Qiong-yang , Wu Yu , Xu Yun 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To provide higher level evidence on the benefits of a Chinese patent medicine (CPM) (Fufang E’jiao Syrup, FFEJS) for alleviating cancer-related fatigue (CRF), this article describes a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Methods/design: We designed a double-blind, placebo-controlled stratified permuted block randomization clinical trial on CRF among 3 types of cancer in China. Participants will be equally allocated to FFEJS group or placebo group according to the randomization sequence and the hospitals they were enrolled at. Each patient will receive 20 ml of either the study formula FFEJS or a placebo formula, 3 times a day for 6 weeks. The follow-up period will be another 4 weeks for safety evaluation. The primary outcome is the difference in improvement of fatigue as measured with the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale-Chinese Version (RPFS-CV). Secondary outcomes include change in fatigue (measured by routine blood panel and hormones in peripheral blood) and QoL (measured by Edmonton symptom assessment scale and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy). Patient safety will be measured by liver, renal or cardiac damage, and the risk of FFEJS having a tumor promotion and progression effect will be monitored throughout this study. Cost-effectiveness will also be evaluated mainly by incremental cost per each quality-adjusted life year gained. Discussion: This article describes the study design of a CPM for CRF in patients with advanced cancer through exploring the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of FFEJS. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04147312. Registered on 1 Sep 2019.
Outcomes After Surgically Managed Oblique Extra-Articular Proximal Phalanx Fractures: A Comparison of Closed-Reduction Percutaneous Pinning and Open-Reduction Internal Fixation With Lag Screws
Authors: Henry Tyler W. , Tulipan Jacob E. , Kwan Stephanie A. , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Lutsky Kevin F. , Matzon Jonas L. 
Published: April 2021

Background Long oblique extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures are common orthopedic injuries. When unstable and without substantial comminution, treatment options include closed-reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) and open-reduction internal fixation using lag screws (ORIF-screws). The aims of this study are primarily to compare the functional outcomes and complication rates between these techniques and secondarily to assess potential factors affecting outcomes after surgery. Methods All patients with long oblique extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures treated surgically within a single orthopedic institution from 2010 to 2017 were identified. Outcome measures and complications were assessed at the final follow-up. Results Sixty patients were included in the study with a mean time to the final follow-up of 41 weeks (range: 12-164 weeks). Thirty-four patients (57%) were treated with CRPP and 26 patients (43%) with ORIF-screws. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score across both fixation types was 8 (range: 0-43) and did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Mean proximal interphalangeal extension at the final follow-up was 9° short of full extension after CRPP and 13° short of full extension after ORIF-screws. The rates of flexion contracture and extensor lag were 15% and 41% in the CRPP group compared with 12% and 68% in the ORIF-screws group. Reoperation rates and complication rates did not differ significantly between fixation strategies. Conclusions Acceptable outcomes can be achieved after surgical fixation of long oblique extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures using both CRPP and ORIF-screws. Extensor lag may be more common after ORIF-screws.
Feasibility of Continuous Ketone Monitoring in Subcutaneous Tissue Using a Ketone Sensor
Authors: Alva Shridhara , Castorino Kristin , Cho Hyun , Ou Junli 
Published: April 2021

Background: The feasibility of measuring β-hydroxybutyrate in ISF using a continuous ketone monitoring (CKM) sensor using a single calibration without further adjustments over 14 days is described. Methods: A CKM sensor was developed using wired enzyme technology with β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase chemistry. In vitro characterization of the sensor was performed in phosphate buffered saline at 37°C. In vivo performance was evaluated in 12 healthy participants on low carbohydrate diets, who wore 3 ketone sensors on the back of their upper arms to continuously measure ketone levels over 14 days. Reference capillary ketone measurements were performed using Precision Xtra® test strips at least 8 times a day. Results: The sensor is stable over 14 days and has a linear response over the 0-8 mM range. The operational stability of the sensor is very good with a 2.1% signal change over 14 days. The first human study of the CKM sensor demonstrated that the sensor can continuously track ketones well through the entire 14 days of wear. The performance with a single retrospective calibration of the sensor showed 82.4% of data pairs within 0.225 mM/20% and 91.4% within 0.3 mM/30% of the capillary ketone reference (presented as mM at <1.5 mM and as percentage at or above 1.5 mM). This suggests that the sensor can be used with a single calibration for the 14 days of use. Conclusions: Measuring ketones in ISF using a continuous ketone sensor is feasible. Additional studies are required to evaluate the performance in intended patient populations, including conditions of ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis.