bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Closed-Form Kinematics-Solutions for Recursive Single-Loop Chains
Authors: Kecskeméthy Andrés , Hiller Manfred 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Described in this paper is a simplified method for the automatic detection and formulation of closed-form solutions for a special class of recursively solvable single-loop mechanisms. The objective is to generate a cascade of scalar equations from the closure condition of the loop, each containing exactly one unknown more than the predecessors, and each being maximally second-order in this unknown. In the proposed method this problem is reduced to the repeated determination of two subchains which are members of the isotropy group of either of the geometric elements point, line and plane and containing as much current unknowns as possible. The scalar equations then arise from unique projection operators applied to unique equation partitionings of the closure condition. This yields a general but easy-to-implement algorithm. The concepts are illustrated with some examples processed with an implementation in Mathematica based on the geometric elements point and plane.
VGT-Based Gimbals: Practical Construction and General Theory
Authors: Padmanabhan B. , Tidwell P. H. , Salerno R. J. , Reinholtz C. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A gimbal is a device used to precisely control the orientation between two bodies. Conventional gimbals are designed as actuated Hooke’s couplings and are not generally able to support heavy loads. This paper provides the general theory and some construction details of a rigid three-degree-of-freedom, truss-type gimbal. This gimbal can be used to support and position antennae, telescopes and other heavy structures. The forward kinematic, inverse kinematic and workspace analyses are provided, and joint design details are discussed.
Stiffness Mappings Employing Different Frames of Reference
Authors: Pigoski T. , Griffis M. , Duffy J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The stiffness mapping matrix for a planar compliant mechanism is analyzed using two different reference frames. The first is rigidly attached to the fixed body of the coupling, whilst the second is attached to the moving body of the coupling. It was found that, in general, these matrices are asymmetric when the coupling is loaded, and that one is the transpose of the other. This is an important result and can be considered an extension of the work done by Dimentberg[1], who derived a symmetrical stiffness mapping for an unloaded coupling. These new mappings are essential for the control of the coupling as it moves away from its unloaded position. Additionally, a third frame of reference which produces a symmetric mapping is examined and found to be identical to the Hessian matrix obtained from the second differentials of the elastic potential energy of the system. However, this symmetric mapping is not useful for control purposes and is only included to show that such a frame can be realized. Finally, static force loci for each of the reference frames are drawn to support the notion of frame-of-reference dependency.
Integrated Configuration/Design Data Management System
Authors: Gacke Dennis E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the increased use of computer-aided engineering tools in the development of weapons systems hardware and software, the design of these systems is now represented by a series of design (CAD - computer-aided design/CASE - computer-aided software engineering) data bases as opposed to a collection of documents, listings and drawings. These design data bases are the design masters and other design information can be derived from the data bases via selected automation tools. Effective and efficient design data management is key to the transition of the design information to the factory or the field. The effective management of these electronic “design objects” requires the tight coupling of the design data bases with the configuration identification/management data base. This design management data base, in addition to controlling the system/product definition and configuration, can be thought of as the data dictionary for the design information (the design data base as well as its derived outputs). Electronic and Information System Group (EISG) Paramax Systems Corporation is in the process of developing an integrated system/product configuration management and design data management system. This system will utilize optical storage, imaging, networking, and relational data base technologies: and “open system” architecture and commercial off-the-shelf components. It will also serve as a platform for supporting the government’s computer-aided acquisition and logistics support (CALS)/contractor integrated technical information services (CITIS) initiatives.
The Use of Application Model Validation in Testing a Proposed Standard
Authors: Mitchell Mary J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
From an information system development perspective, logical data modeling techniques have traditionally served in two roles. The first role is as a method of describing the information requirements of an application system. The second role is as a mechanism for integrating the requirements from a number of applications into a single logical and consistent schema so that data can be shared by multiple applications. The Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) project is developing an international standard1 which uses data modeling as the basis for a multi-national and multi-enterprise integration effort. STEP is designed to provide a complete, unambiguous, computer-readable definition of the characteristics of a product throughout its life cycle. STEP product definition specifications are implementation independent, though implementation interface techniques provide the communication mechanisms for applications using file exchanges2 or shared databases. Because of the diversity of applications that are within the scope of STEP, the integration generally causes extensive changes but the changes are justified if all of the information requirements are supported.
Information Management to Support Concurrent Engineering Environments
Authors: Morenc Roger , Rangan Ravi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development of products in large industrial organizations involves numerous engineers from different disciplines working on inter-dependent components of the product with objectives that are sometimes in conflict. The need for overall coordination, consistency, control and integrity of data, design ideas and design rationale is critical. The information generated by each designer must be viewed in the context of information generated by other designers, and the enterprise as a whole.
In this paper, we discuss a model of concurrent engineering that focuses on the ability of collaborating designers to proceed independently, co-relate inter-dependencies, utilize existing information (data, knowledge and processes), and negotiate conflicts arising from design inconsistencies. To provide information based support for such environments, we introduce several design schemas to support the concurrent, collaborative and historical aspects of CE environments. The need for a data dictionary that supports these schemas and its different dimensions is also recognized. The dictionary must also provide conceptual centralization of design information relative to the enterprise. This includes data, as well as its definition (meta-data), and must allow the design process to interact with a global enterprise perspective. These discussions lead to a list of research issues that must be addressed by the engineering data management research community.
Bench Press 1-Repetition Maximum Estimation Through the Individualized Load–Velocity Relationship: Comparison of Different Regression Models and Minimal Velocity Thresholds
Authors: Janicijevic Danica , Jukic Ivan , Weakley Jonathon , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of nine 1-repetition maximum (1RM) prediction methods during the paused and touch-and-go bench press exercises performed in a Smith machine. Method: A total of 86 men performed 2 identical sessions (incremental loading test until reaching the 1RM followed by a set to failure) in a randomized order during the paused and touch-and-go bench press exercises. Individualized load–velocity relationships were modeled by linear and polynomial regression models considering 4 loads (45%–60%–75%–90% of 1RM) (multiple-point methods) and considering only 2 loads (45%–90% of 1RM) by a linear regression (2-point method). Three minimal velocity thresholds were used: the general velocity of 0.17 m·s−1 (general velocity of the 1RM [V1RM]), the velocity obtained when lifting the 1RM load (individual V1RM), and the velocity obtained during the last repetition of a set to failure. Results: The 1RM prediction methods were generally valid (range: r = .96–.99, standard error of the estimate = 2.8–4.9 kg or 4.6%–8.0% of 1RM). The multiple-point linear method (2.79 [2.29] kg) was more precise than the multiple-point polynomial method (3.54 [3.31] kg; P = .013), but no significant differences were observed when compared with the 2-point method (3.09 [2.66] kg, P = .136). The velocity of the last repetition of a set to failure (3.47 [2.97] kg) was significantly less precise than the individual V1RM (2.91 [2.75] kg, P = .009) and general V1RM (3.00 [2.65] kg, P = .010). Conclusions: Linear regression models and a general minimal velocity threshold of 0.17 m·s−1 should be recommended to obtain a quick and precise estimation of the 1RM during the bench press exercise performed in a Smith machine.
Lifestyle Behaviors Associated With Body Fat Percent in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children
Authors: Swindell Nils , Berridge Damon , McNarry Melitta A. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Boddy Lynne M. , Fairclough Stuart J. , Stratton Gareth 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:To examine (1) associations between body fat percent (BF) and lifestyle behaviors in children aged 9–11 years and (2) the consistency of these associations over a 10-year period. Methods: In this repeat, cross-sectional study, 15,977 children aged 9–11 years completed an anthropometric assessment and the SportsLinx Lifestyle survey between 2004 and 2013. Body fat was estimated according to the sum of the triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements. Multilevel models were utilized to examine associations between BF and responses to the lifestyle survey while controlling for known covariates. Results: Lifestyle behaviors explained 8.6% of the total variance in body fat. Specifically, negative associations were found between BF and active transport to school ( β = −0.99 [0.19], P < .001), full-fat milk (−0.07 [0.15], P < .001), and sweetened beverage consumption (−0.40 [0.15], P = .007). Relative to the reference group of ≤8:00 PM, later bedtime was positively associated with BF: 8:00 to 8:59 PM ( β = 1.60 [0.26], P < .001); 9:00 to 10:00 PM ( β = 1.04 [0.24], P < .001); ≥10:00 PM ( β = 1.18 [0.30], P < .001). Two-way interactions revealed opposing associations between BF and the consumption of low-calorie beverages for boys ( β = 0.95 [0.25], P < .001) and girls ( β = −0.85 [0.37], P = .021). There was no significant change in these associations over a 10-year period. Conclusions: In this population-level study covering a decade of data collection, lifestyle behaviors were associated with BF. Policies and interventions targeting population-level behavior change, such as active transport to school, sleep time, and consumption of full-fat milk, may offer an opportunity for improvements in BF.
Rapid speciation via the evolution of pre-mating isolation in the Iberá Seedeater
Authors: Turbek Sheela P. , Browne Melanie , Di Giacomo Adrián S. , Kopuchian Cecilia , Hochachka Wesley M. , Estalles Cecilia , Lijtmaer Darío A. , Tubaro Pablo L. , Silveira Luís Fábio , Lovette Irby J. , Safran Rebecca J. , Taylor Scott A. , Campagna Leonardo 
Published: March 2021

Choosy females drive isolationRapid radiations of recently diverged species represent an excellent opportunity for exploring drivers of speciation. The capuchino seedeaters, a group of South American birds, include a number of species that, in the field, are often discernable only through male plumage and song. Turbeket al.used genomes and behavioral experiments to identify potential isolating factors in two members of this group and found that, though entirely sympatric, females mated only with conspecific males and that only a few genes differed between the species (see the Perspective by Jarvis). Thus, a small reshuffling of genes and reinforcement through mate choice has driven divergence in these overlapping and very similar species.Science, this issue p.eabc0256; see also p.1312
Simultaneous imaging of magnetic field and temperature using a wide-field quantum diamond microscope
Authors: Chen Yulei , Li Zhonghao , Guo Hao , Wu Dajin , Tang Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantum sensing based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond has shown excellent properties. Combined with the imaging technique, it shows exciting practicability. Here, we demonstrate the simultaneously imaging technique of magnetic field and temperature using a wide-field quantum diamond microscope. We describe the operating principles of the diamond microscope and report its sensitivity (magnetic field ${\sim}1.8~\mu \mbox{T/Hz}^{1/2}$
∼
1.8

μ

T/Hz

1
/
2

and temperature ${\sim}0.4~\mbox{K/Hz}^{1/2}$
∼
0.4

K/Hz

1
/
2

), spatial resolution (1.3 μm), and field of view ($400 \times 300~\mu \mbox{m}^{2}$
400
×
300

μ

m
2

). Finally, we use the microscope to obtain images of an integrated cell heater and a PCB, demonstrating its ability in the application of magnetic field and temperature simultaneously imaging at wide-field.
The Landscape of Alterations in DNA Damage Response Pathways in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Arai Hiroyuki , Elliott Andrew , Xiu Joanne , Wang Jingyuan , Battaglin Francesca , Kawanishi Natsuko , Soni Shivani , Zhang Wu , Millstein Joshua , Sohal Davendra , Goldberg Richard M. , Hall Michael J. , Scott Aaron J. , Khushman Moh'd , Hwang Jimmy J. , Lou Emil , Weinberg Benjamin A. , Marshall John L. , Lockhart Albert C. , Stafford Phillip , Zhang Jian , Moretto Roberto , Cremolini Chiara , Korn W. Michael , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Defective DNA damage response (DDR) is a hallmark of cancer leading to genomic instability and is associated with chemosensitivity. Although the mismatch repair system has been extensively studied, the clinical implications of other mechanisms associated with DDR alterations in patients with colorectal cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to understand DDR pathways alterations and their association with common clinical features in patients with colorectal cancer.

Experimental Design:
Next-generation sequencing and whole-transcriptome sequencing were conducted using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples submitted to a commercial Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified laboratory. Samples with pathogenic or presumed pathogenic mutations in 29 specific DDR-related genes were considered as DDR-mutant (DDR-MT) and the remaining samples as DDR-wild type (DDR-WT).

Results:
Of 9,321 patients with colorectal cancer, 1,290 (13.8%) were DDR-MT. The frequency of DDR-MT was significantly higher in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cases than in microsatellite stable cases (76.4% vs. 9.5%). The DDR-MT genotype was higher in the right-sided, RAS-wild, BRAF-mutant, and CMS1 subgroups. However, these associations were primarily confounded by the distribution of MSI status. Compared with the DDR-WT tumors, the DDR-MT tumors had a higher mutational burden and gene expression levels in the immune-related pathway, which were independent of MSI status.

Conclusions:
We characterized a distinct subgroup of patients with colorectal cancer with tumors harboring mutations in the DDR-related genes. These patients more commonly had MSI-H tumors and exhibited an activated immune signature regardless of their tumor's MSI status. These findings warrant further investigations to develop personalized treatment strategies in this significant subgroup of patients with colorectal cancer.
Interim Analysis of the Phase II Study: Noninferiority Study of Doxorubicin with Upfront Dexrazoxane plus Olaratumab for Advanced or Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Van Tine Brian A. , Hirbe Angela C. , Oppelt Peter , Frith Ashley E. , Rathore Richa , Mitchell Joshua D. , Wan Fei , Berry Shellie , Landeau Michele , Heberton George A. , Gorcsan John , Huntjens Peter R. , Soyama Yoku , Vader Justin M. , Alvarez-Cardona Jose A. , Zhang Kathleen W. , Lenihan Daniel J. , Krone Ronald J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
To report the interim analysis of the phase II single-arm noninferiority trial, testing the upfront use of dexrazoxane with doxorubicin on progression-free survival (PFS) and cardiac function in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with metastatic or unresectable STS who were candidates for first-line treatment with doxorubicin were deemed eligible. An interim analysis was initiated after 33 of 65 patients were enrolled. Using the historical control of 4.6 months PFS for doxorubicin in the front-line setting, we tested whether the addition of dexrazoxane affected the efficacy of doxorubicin in STS. The study was powered so that a decrease of PFS to 3.7 months would be considered noninferior. Secondary aims included cardiac-related mortality, incidence of heart failure/cardiomyopathy, and expansion of cardiac monitoring parameters including three-dimensional echocardiography. Patients were allowed to continue on doxorubicin beyond 600 mg/m2 if they were deriving benefit and were not demonstrating evidence of symptomatic cardiac dysfunction.

Results:
At interim analysis, upfront use of dexrazoxane with doxorubicin demonstrated a PFS of 8.4 months (95% confidence interval: 5.1–11.2 months). Only 3 patients were removed from study for cardiotoxicity, all on &gt; 600 mg/m2 doxorubicin. No patients required cardiac hospitalization or had new, persistent cardiac dysfunction with left ventricular ejection fraction remaining below 50%. The median administered doxorubicin dose was 450 mg/m2 (interquartile range, 300–750 mg/m2).

Conclusions:
At interim analysis, dexrazoxane did not reduce PFS in patients with STS treated with doxorubicin. Involvement of cardio-oncologists is beneficial for the monitoring and safe use of high-dose anthracyclines in STS.
See related commentary by Benjamin and Minotti, p. 3809
Estimating Long-Term Health Utility Scores and Expenditures for Cardiovascular Disease From the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Authors: Morey Jacob R. , Jiang Shangqing , Klein Sharon , Max Wendy , Masharani Umesh , Fleischmann Kirsten E. , Hunink M.G. Myriam , Ferket Bart S. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Long-term health utility scores and costs used in cost-effectiveness analyses of cardiovascular disease prevention and management can be inconsistent, outdated, or invalid for the diverse population of the United States. Our aim was to develop a user friendly, standardized, publicly available code and catalog to derive more valid long-term values for health utility and expenditures following cardiovascular disease events.

Methods:
Individual-level Short Form-12 version 2 health-related quality of life and expenditure data were obtained from the pooled 2011 to 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. We developed code using the R programming language to estimate preference-weighted Short Form-6D utility scores from the Short Form-12 for quality-adjusted life year calculations and predict annual health care expenditures. Result predictors included cardiovascular disease diagnosis (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, and peripheral artery disease), sociodemographic factors, and comorbidity variables.

Results:
The cardiovascular disease diagnoses with the lowest utility scores were heart failure (0.635 [95% CI, 0.615–0.655]), angina pectoris (0.649 [95% CI, 0.630–0.667]), and ischemic stroke (0.649 [95% CI, 0.635–0.663]). The highest annual expenditures were for heart failure ($20 764 [95% CI, $17 500–$24 027]), angina pectoris ($18 428 [95% CI, $16 102–$20 754]), and ischemic stroke ($16 925 [95% CI, $15 672–$20 616]).

Conclusions:
The developed code and catalog may improve the quality and comparability of cost-effectiveness analyses by providing standardized methods for extracting long-term health utility scores and expenditures from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data, which are more current and representative of the US population than previous sources.
ALDH1A3 Coordinates Metabolism With Gene Regulation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Li Dan , Shao Ning-Yi , Moonen Jan-Renier , Zhao Zhixin , Shi Minyi , Otsuki Shoichiro , Wang Lingli , Nguyen Tiffany , Yan Elaine , Marciano David P. , Contrepois Kévin , Li Caiyun G. , Wu Joseph C. , Snyder Michael P. , Rabinovitch Marlene 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Metabolic alterations provide substrates that influence chromatin structure to regulate gene expression that determines cell function in health and disease. Heightened proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) leading to the formation of a neointima is a feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and systemic vascular disease. Increased glycolysis is linked to the proliferative phenotype of these SMC.

Methods:

RNA sequencing was applied to pulmonary arterial SMC (PASMC) from PAH patients with and without a BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic receptor 2) mutation versus control PASMC to uncover genes required for their heightened proliferation and glycolytic metabolism. Assessment of differentially expressed genes established metabolism as a major pathway, and the most highly upregulated metabolic gene in PAH PASMC was aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member 3 (
ALDH1A3)
, an enzyme previously linked to glycolysis and proliferation in cancer cells and systemic vascular SMC. We determined if these functions are ALDH1A3-dependent in PAH PASMC, and if ALDH1A3 is required for the development of pulmonary hypertension in a transgenic mouse. Nuclear localization of ALDH1A3 in PAH PASMC led us to determine whether and how this enzyme coordinately regulates gene expression and metabolism in PAH PASMC.

Results:

ALDH1A3
mRNA and protein were increased in PAH versus control PASMC, and ALDH1A3 was required for their highly proliferative and glycolytic properties. Mice with
Aldh1a3
deleted in SMC did not develop hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial muscularization or pulmonary hypertension. Nuclear ALDH1A3 converted acetaldehyde to acetate to produce acetyl coenzyme A to acetylate H3K27, marking active enhancers. This allowed for chromatin modification at NFYA (nuclear transcription factor Y subunit α) binding sites via the acetyltransferase KAT2B (lysine acetyltransferase 2B) and permitted NFY-mediated transcription of cell cycle and metabolic genes that is required for ALDH1A3-dependent proliferation and glycolysis. Loss of BMPR2 in PAH SMC with or without a mutation upregulated ALDH1A3, and transcription of
NFYA
and
ALDH1A3
in PAH PASMC was β-catenin dependent.

Conclusions:
Our studies have uncovered a metabolic-transcriptional axis explaining how dividing cells use ALDH1A3 to coordinate their energy needs with the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of genes required for SMC proliferation. They suggest that selectively disrupting the pivotal role of ALDH1A3 in PAH SMC, but not endothelial cells, is an important therapeutic consideration.