bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly pixelated, untethered tactile interfaces for an on-skin telehaptic system
Authors: Jin Hanbit , Kim Yunjeong , Youm Wooseup , Min Yulim , Lim Chaehyun , Hong Chan-Hwa , Kwon Seyoung , Park Gyeongseok , Park Steve , Kim Hye Jin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For highly immersive telehaptic applications, skin-integrated, untethered, and highly pixelated transducer devices that can record and generate tactile stimuli are required. Here, we propose a skin-conformable tactile sensor and actuator array with high spatial resolution of 1.8 mm for realising untethered tactile communication on human skin. The tactile sensors are designed to exhibit ultra-flexibility and bimodal sensitivity to static and dynamic pressure. The actuators are miniaturised to sub-millimetre scale to provide sophisticated, high spatiotemporal resolution tactile feedback over a centimetre square area of the fingertip with the capacity to generate vibrotactile feedback under an external load of up to 529 kPa. Short time Fourier transform analysis showed that our telehaptic system can transmit various types of tactile stimuli, such as the shape of objects and letters, textures of fabrics, and vibration patterns with high fidelity.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics Predict Pituitary Function in Non-Functional Pituitary Macro-Adenoma Undergoing Trans-Sphenoidal Surgery
Authors: hassani Behrooz , Hashemi-Madani Nahid , Kachuee Manizhe Ataee , Khamseh Mohammad E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Maintaining the pituitary function after surgery is highly important. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and pituitary function after surgery of non-functional pituitary macroadenoma Methods: This retrospective study was performed between from 2016 and to 2018 Preoperative and postoperative MRI imaging data were retrieved from electronic registration system. The relationship between MRI characteristics and pituitary function was investigated using regression models.Results: Complete data were available for 44 patients. Before surgery, invisible normal tissue was observed in 23 patients (53.5%). Suprasellar extension and cavernous sinus invasion were seen in 36 patients (each one 49.1%). There was a significant reverse relationship between preoperative tumor size and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ( Odds Ratio (OR): -0.99 (-0.18, -0.003), p=0.04). in addition we found a significant positive correlation between prolactin level after surgery and tumor size before surgery, (OR: 5.29 (1.65, 8.92), p= 0006) . Moreover, postoperative panhypopituitarism was observed in 25% of patients with complete reconstruction of pituitary tissue. While the rate was 50% in patients with no or partial reconstruction of pituitary tissue. Conclusion: Preoperative MRI characteristics predict TSH and prolactin level after operation. Furthermore, the adenoma size and volume prior to surgery are the main determinants of normal reconstruction of pituitary gland (NRPG).
Informal Payments for Modern Family Planning Methods at Public Facilities in Tanzania: Room for Improvement
Authors: Busse Clara Elizabeth , Onyango Dickens Otieno , Tumlinson Katherine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Financial access to family planning (FP) is essential to the health and well-being of women in Tanzania. Tanzanian policy dictates that FP methods and services obtained at public facilities are provided for free. However, public-sector FP is no longer free when providers solicit informal payments. In this analysis, we investigate the prevalence and amount of informal payments for FP in Tanzania. Methods: We used data from the 2015-2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey to investigate whether informal payments for FP had been effectively eliminated by this policy. Results: We found that, at public sector facilities, the majority (84.6%) of women received their current FP method for free (95% confidence interval (CI): 81.9, 87.3), but this proportion varied meaningfully by facility and method type. Injectable contraception was the most commonly used method by women in the lowest wealth quintiles and was most frequently sought by these women from a government dispensary. One in four women (25.8%) seeking injectable contraception from government dispensaries reported paying a fee (95% CI: 19.5, 32.1). Among injectable users who reported payment for their current method, the mean cost at public sector facilities was 1,420 Tanzanian Shillings (TSh) and the mean cost at private sector facilities was TSh 1,930 (approximately 0.61 United States Dollars (USD) and 0.83 USD, respectively). Among implant users who reported payment for their current method, the mean cost at public sector facilities was TSh 4,127 and the mean cost at private sector facilities was TSh 6,194 (approximately 1.78 USD and 2.67 USD, respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the majority of women visiting public facilities in Tanzania did not pay informal payments for FP methods or services; however, informal payments at public facilities did occur, varying by facility and method type. Adherence to existing policies mandating free FP methods and services at public facilities, especially government dispensaries, is critical for ensuring contraceptive access among the most economically vulnerable women.
Naloxone Protection, Social Support, Network Characteristics, and Overdose Experiences Among a Cohort of People Who Use Illicit Opioids in New York City
Authors: Bennett Alex S. , Scheidell Joy , Bowles Jeanette M. , Khan Maria , Roth Alexis , Hoff Lee , Marini Christina , Elliott Luther 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite increased availability of take-home naloxone, many people who use opioids do so in unprotected contexts, with no other person who might administer naloxone present, increasing the likelihood that an overdose will result in death. Thus, there is a social nature to being “protected” from overdose mortality, which highlights the importance of identifying background factors that promote access to protective social networks among people who use opioids.
Methods
We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit adults residing in New York City who reported recent (past 3-day) nonmedical opioid use (n=575). Participants completed a baseline assessment that included past 30-day measures of substance use, overdose experiences, and number of “protected” opioid use events, defined as involving naloxone and the presence of another person who could administer it, as well as measures of network characteristics and social support. We used modified Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
66% of participants had ever been trained to administer naloxone, 18% had used it in the past three months, and 32% had experienced a recent overdose (past 30 days). During recent opioid use events, 64% reported never having naloxone and a person to administer present. This was more common among those: aged ≥50 years (PR: 1.18 (CI: 1.03, 1.34); who identified as non-Hispanic Black (PR: 1.27 (CI: 1.05, 1.53); experienced higher levels of stigma consciousness (PR: 1.13 (CI: 1.00, 1.28); and with small social networks (<5 persons) (APR: 1.14 (CI: 0.98, 1.31). Having a recent overdose experience was associated with severe opioid use disorder (PR: 2.45 (CI: 1.49, 4.04), suicidality (PR: 1.72 (CI: 1.19, 2.49), depression (PR: 1.54 (CI: 1.20, 1.98) and positive urinalysis result for benzodiazepines (PR: 1.56 (CI: 1.23, 1.96), but not with network size.
Conclusions
Results show considerable gaps in naloxone protection among people who use opioids, with more vulnerable and historically disadvantaged subpopulations less likely to be protected. Larger social networks of people who use opioids may be an important resource to curtail overdose mortality, but more effort is needed to harness the protective aspects of social networks.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio Prior to Each Chemotherapy Line Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Unresectable Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tanioka Hiroaki , Yano Shuya , Okawaki Makoto , Katata Yosuke , Yoshimitsu Tomomi , Tokuda Kikue , Nyuya Akihiro , Nagasaka Takeshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a well-known prognostic marker for gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, for GC patients treated with palliative chemotherapy, the prognostic value of NLR remains obscure. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical impact of NLR in GC patients treated with multiple lines of chemotherapy.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 83 unresectable GC patients who received a series of chemotherapy treatments. NLR in the blood was calculated before the initiation of each line of chemotherapy (before 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-line, respectively).Results: Of the 83 patients enrolled, 56 (67%) received 2nd-line chemotherapy and 34 (41%) received 3rd-line treatment. NLR at 1st-line treatment ranged from 0.72 to 48.9 (the median NLR was 3.00). Thus, we used this median NLR value (3.00) as the cut-off for NLR throughout this study. All patients were divided into a NLR-high (> 3.00) or NLR-low group (< 3.00) by NLR values determined at before each line of chemotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) of the NLR-low group was better than that of the NLR-high group throughout 1st- to 3rd-line treatment (1st-line: 18.1 vs. 8.0 months, p = 0.06; 2nd-line: 10.7 vs. 4.5 months, p = 0.0001; 3rd-line: 8.7 vs. 4.7 months, p = 0.003), respectively. Of the 34 patients who received 3rd-line chemotherapy, 24 were treated with nivolumab. Of the 24 patients treated with nivolumab, patients in the NLR-low group showed better OS compared with those in the NLR-high group (8.3 months in NLR-low and 6.6 months in NLR-high, p = 0.06).Conclusions: Estimates of NLR prior to each chemotherapy line may be readily performed in a clinical setting and are useful for predicting outcome in unresectable GC patients, including in patients treated with nivolumab.
Complex Functional Brain Network Properties in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Gupta Arpana , Bhatt Ravi , Rivera-Cancel Alannah , Makkar Rishi , Kragel Philip A. , Rodriguez Thomas , Graner John L. , Alaverdyan Anita , Hamadani Kareem , Vora Priten , Naliboff Bruce , Labus Jennifer S. , LaBar Kevin S. , Mayer Emeran A. , Zucker Nancy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disorder characterized by an incapacitating fear of weight gain and by a disturbance in the way the body is experienced, facets that motivate dangerous weight loss behaviors. Multimodal neuroimaging studies highlight atypical neural activity in brain networks involved in interoceptive awareness and reward processing.
Methods
The current study used resting-state neuroimaging to model the architecture of large-scale functional brain networks and characterize network properties of individual brain regions to clinical measures. Resting-state neuroimaging was conducted in 62 adolescents, 22 (21 female) with a history of AN and 40 (39 female) healthy controls (HCs). Sensorimotor and basal ganglia regions, as part of a 165-region whole-brain network, were investigated. Subject-specific functional brain networks were computed to index centrality. A contrast analysis within the general linear model covarying for age was performed. Correlations between network properties and behavioral measures were conducted (significance q < .05).
Results
Compared to HCs, AN had lower connectivity from sensorimotor regions, and greater connectivity from the left caudate nucleus to the right postcentral gyrus. AN demonstrated lower sensorimotor centrality, but higher basal ganglia centrality. Sensorimotor connectivity dyads and centrality exhibited negative correlations with body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness, two essential features of AN.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that AN is associated with greater communication from the basal ganglia, and lower information propagation in sensorimotor cortices. This is consistent with the clinical presentation of AN, where individuals exhibit patterns of rigid habitual behavior that is not responsive to bodily needs, and seem “disconnected” from their bodies.
Lipoxin A4 Ameliorates Lung Development in Neonatal Rats with Hyperoxia-induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia by Reducing Mitochondrial Fission
Authors: Yu Binyuan , Liang Zhongjie , Zhu Jinjin , Pan Binting , Wang Xinye , Huo Ran , Chen chao , chen shangqin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic pulmonary disease in premature infants. Hyper oxygen exposure and mechanical ventilation are common causes. The pulmonary pathological changes of BPD were mainly micro alveolar simplification and pulmonary vascular development disorder. Lipoxin A4(LXA4) is an important endogenous lipid and anti-inflammatory mediator that promotes the regression of inflammation and is referred to as the brake signal of inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intervention of LXA4 on pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress in neonates with hyperoxia lung injury and to explore the mechanism of Drp1 and NLRP3 inflammasome. A BPD model was established 7 days after neonatal rats were exposed to 85% oxygen. Rats were divided in four groups: control, hyperoxia, hyperoxia + LXA4 and hyperoxia+LXA4+Mdivi-1. Lung injury was evaluated via histological examination; lung development was assessed using morphometric analyses. Pulmonary micro vessels were tested by vWF-positive staining and Evans Blue. Expression of Drp1, NF-κB, and NLRP3 was analyzed via western blot or immunohistochemistry. Dihydroethidium (DHE) levels was examined to determine oxidative stress in vitro. We found that LXA4 significantly reduced lung injury of rats, simplified alveoli, and promoted weight gain. In addition, we found that LXA4 can reduce the protein expression of pDrp1, pNF-κB and NLRP3. Therefore, we concluded that LXA4 intervention can reduce the inflammatory response in the lungs and reduce the degree of lung injury, and through the role of NLRP3 inflammatory chrome in the hypertoxic rat BPD model.
Factors Associated With Anaemia in Pregnancy: a Retrospective Cross-sectional Study in Northern Ghana
Authors: Abaane Donatus Nbonibe , Adokiya Martin Nyaaba , Abiiro Gilbert Abotisem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. AIP occurs when a pregnant woman’s haemoglobin level falls below 11.0 g/dl, and 10.5g/dl specifically in the second trimester of pregnancy if adjustment for haemodilution is considered. This study assessed the prevalence of AIP at antenatal care (ANC) registration, 28 weeks and 36 weeks of pregnancy gestation and the correlates of AIP in the Bolgatanga Municipality of northern Ghana. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional design was implemented among a random sample of 372 pregnant women within 36-40 weeks of pregnancy gestation, who were receiving ANC in the Bolgatanga Municipality. Data were collected via clinical records review and a questionnaire-based survey between October and November, 2020. Using the Statistical Package for Social Science, descriptive analysis of haemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anaemia was done and binary logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of AIP. Results: At ANC registration, the prevalence of AIP was 35.8% (95%CI:30.9, 40.9) which decreased to 25.3% (95%CI:20.9, 30.0) after Haemodilution. At 28 weeks of gestation, the AIP prevalence was 53.1% (95%CI:45.8, 60.3) which fell to 37.5 (95%CI:30.6, 44.8) with haemodilution. At 36 weeks of pregnancy, AIP prevalence was 44.8% (95%CI:39.2, 50.4) without the need for haemodilution. At 5% significance level, the odds of AIP at registration increased if the woman registered for ANC after the first trimester of pregnancy and at a regional hospital but decreased if she registered at a private hospital. At 28 weeks of gestation, age group 26 – 35 years, Christianity, high wealth and tertiary education were associated with lower odds of AIP. At 36 weeks of gestation, booking after first trimester of pregnancy was associated with higher odds whilst high wealth, higher age groups (26–35 and 36–49 years) and secondary education of spouse were associated with reduced odds of AIP. Conclusion: AIP consistently increased from registration to 36 weeks of gestation. Given the observed correlates of AIP, we recommend that interventions aimed at encouraging early ANC registration, improved household wealth, and improved maternal education are required to reduce AIP.
Food Allergies in Iranian Patients With Migraine and Tension Headaches
Authors: Arani Marzieh Heidarzadeh , Talebian Ahmad , Akbari Hossein , Sharif Reihane , Ghannadian Alireza , Motedayyen Hossein 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Headache is one of the most common complaints of the nervous system around the world. Previous studies have proposed associations of food allergies with headaches. Therefore, this study evaluated the frequencies of food allergies in patients with migraine and tension headaches and their correlations with these disorders.Methods: The study subjects comprised 40 patients with migraine and tension headaches. Headache disorders were diagnosed by a specialist and skin prick test (SPT) was performed to diagnosis food allergies in patients according to a standard technique.Results: our data revealed no significant differences in age and gender between patients with migraine headache and tension headaches. Other results showed the frequencies of food allergies to egg, wheat, fish, banana, orange, and soybean in patients with migraine headache were similar to patients with migraine headache. However, patients with migraine headache significantly differed from those with tension headache in allergies to tree nut (P=0.047), peanut (P=0.028), and cow milk (P=0.044).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that some food allergies might be related to migraine headache which diagnosis of them can help to better control and treatment of disease.
Novel Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanozyme with Manageable Catalytic Activity and Application to Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Yu Rongjun , Xue Jian , Wang Yang , Qiu Jingfu , Huang Xinyi , Chen Anyi , xue jianjiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, Ti3C2Tx MXene was identified as efficient nanozyme with area-dependent electrocatalytic activity in oxidation of phenolic compounds, which originated from the strong adsorption effect between the phenolic hydroxyl group and the oxygen atom on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene flake. On the basis of the novel electrocatalytic activity, Ti3C2Tx MXene was combined with alkaline phosphatase to construct a novel cascading catalytic amplification strategy using 1-naphthyl phosphate (1-NPP) as substrate, thereby realizing efficient electrochemical signal amplification. Taking advantage of the novel cascading catalytic amplification strategy, an electrochemical biosensor was fabricated for BCR/ABL fusion gene detection, which achieved excellent sensitivity with linear range from 0.2 fM to 20 nM and limit of detection down to 0.05 fM. This biosensor provided a promising tool for ultrasensitive fusion gene detection in early diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, the manageable catalytic activity of MXene broke a path for developing nanozymes, which possessed enormous application potential in not only electrochemical analysis but also the extensive fields including organic synthesis, pollutant disposal and so on.
“The right to have a say”: UK adolescent strikers and non-strikers’ perspectives on the youth climate strikes
Authors: Lee Katharine , O'Neill Saffron , Blackwood Leda , Barnett Julie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The youth climate movement has gathered pace and notoriety since its inception at COP21. Here we show that although adolescents share the view that climate change is an injustice and that urgent action is required, they express varied views about strikes and strikers. These differences appear aligned with their own choices to participate, or not, in the strikes.
The Co-Regulation of the Gut Microbiome and Host Genes Might Play Important Roles in Metformin Intolerance
Authors: Zhang Huixiang , Lai Jiao , Zhang Lihuan , Zhang Wei , Liu Xun , Gong Qilin , Zhao Rui , Li Dongqing , Huang Hehua , Zhao Ya , Yan Shan , Yu Ming , Liu Xiaodan , Shi Lanlan , Wang Limei , Chen Weiwen , Cao Xue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Metformin is commonly considered the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and also had potential treating utility in other areas; however, ~20% of patients experience intolerance with unclear underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we performed the full-length 16S rRNA (V1-V9) for the fecal samples and bioinformatics analysis to study the mechanisms of the metformin intolerance combining the gut flora and host.
Results

The results showed that Barnesiella (p=0.046) and Parabacteroides goldsteinii (p=0.016), which transforming primary into secondary bile acid (SBA), were higher in the TS than T group, and were eliminated in the TSa group, which might lead to the accumulation of primary bile acids (PBA) such as cholic acid (CA), the change of GLI1 gene, and following diarrhea in the TSa group. Lactobacillus brevis (p=0.024) and Lactobacillus plantarum (p=0.026) were up-regulated in TSa than TS group. The two flora might cause the changes of genes including FOXA2, HTR7, GADPH, and intolerance relief, which might be a worthwhile future direction for preventing metformin intolerance.
Conclusions

These results hinted that the differential flora and co-regulation of them with the host might be intolerance-related. Our results partly provided theoretical support for intolerance prevention.
Supramolecular Semi-Convertible Hydrogel Enabled Self-healing Responsive Lubrication under Dynamic Shearing
Authors: Zhang Xuewei , Shi Kaiyao , Wang Jian , Song Wenlong , Wang Shutao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The cartilage-inspired hydrogel has attracted great interests due to its tunable mechanic and low friction, however, it is incapable of self-healing under a complex dynamic shearing environment. In this contribution, a self-healing semi-convertible hydrogel is developed, which can recover the unique dynamic active lubricating function under shearing. Based on the cooperating strategy of noncovalent and covalent bonding, the prepared SHSCH composes of three interpenetrated networks including i) shear-responsive N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-tryptophan supramolecular network, ii) self-healing polyhydroxyethyl acrylamide network and iii) rigid polyvinyl alcohol covalent network. Dynamic shear-responsive lubricating function is achieved due to the appearance of disassembled FT supramolecular sol layer on the surface triggered by shear force. This shear-responsive lubricating function and the mechanical property of prepared hydrogel can be self-healed under shearing environment through the noncovalent hydrogen bonding assembly of polyhydroxyethyl acrylamide associated by the π-π assembly of FT. The as-developed semi-convertible hydrogel exhibits unprecedent self-healing performance comparing with other materials reported. We demonstrated a proof-of-concept on the self-healing lubrication of simplified artificial abrasion cartilage under dynamic shearing condition. This study will offer a new strategy on designing the self-healing soft devices under dynamic stimuli far beyond the lubricating materials.