bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples from cats in the UK associated with human‐to‐cat transmission
Authors: Hosie Margaret J. , Epifano Ilaria , Herder Vanessa , Orton Richard J. , Stevenson Andrew , Johnson Natasha , MacDonald Emma , Dunbar Dawn , McDonald Michael , Howie Fiona , Tennant Bryn , Herrity Darcy , Da Silva Filipe Ana , Streicker Daniel G. ,   the COVID‐19 Genomics UK (COG‐UK) consortium, Willett Brian J. , Murcia Pablo R. , Jarrett Ruth F. , Robertson David L. , Weir William 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the study was to find evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in UK cats.Design: Tissue samples were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen using immunofluorescence and for viral RNA by in situ hybridisation. A set of 387 oropharyngeal swabs that had been submitted for routine respiratory pathogen testing was tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR.Results: Lung tissue collected post‐mortem from cat 1 tested positive for both SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid antigen and RNA. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in an oropharyngeal swab collected from cat 2 that presented with rhinitis and conjunctivitis. High throughput sequencing of the viral genome revealed five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to the nearest UK human SARS‐CoV‐2 sequence, and this human virus contained eight SNPs compared to the original Wuhan‐Hu‐1 reference sequence. An analysis of the viral genome of cat 2 together with nine other feline‐derived SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences from around the world revealed no shared cat‐specific mutations.Conclusions: These findings indicate that human‐to‐cat transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 occurred during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK, with the infected cats developing mild or severe respiratory disease. Given the ability of the new coronavirus to infect different species, it will be important to monitor for human‐to‐cat, cat‐to‐cat and cat‐to‐human transmission.
A 2021 update on cancer image analytics with deep learning
Authors: Cherian Kurian Nikhil , Sethi Amit , Reddy Konduru Anil , Mahajan Abhishek , Rane Swapnil Ulhas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeep learning (DL)‐based interpretation of medical images has reached a critical juncture of expanding outside research projects into translational ones, and is ready to make its way to the clinics. Advances over the last decade in data availability, DL techniques, as well as computing capabilities have accelerated this journey. Through this journey, today we have a better understanding of the challenges to and pitfalls of wider adoption of DL into clinical care, which, according to us, should and will drive the advances in this field in the next few years. The most important among these challenges are the lack of an appropriately digitized environment within healthcare institutions, the lack of adequate open and representative datasets on which DL algorithms can be trained and tested, and the lack of robustness of widely used DL training algorithms to certain pervasive pathological characteristics of medical images and repositories. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of imaging in oncology, the different techniques that are shaping the way DL algorithms are being made ready for clinical use, and also the problems that DL techniques still need to address before DL can find a home in clinics. Finally, we also provide a summary of how DL can potentially drive the adoption of digital pathology, vendor neutral archives, and picture archival and communication systems. We caution that the respective researchers may find the coverage of their own fields to be at a high‐level. This is so by design as this format is meant to only introduce those looking in from outside of deep learning and medical research, respectively, to gain an appreciation for the main concerns and limitations of these two fields instead of telling them something new about their own.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Geometrizing non-relativistic bilinear deformations
Authors: Hansen Dennis , Jiang Yunfeng , Xu Jiuci 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We define three fundamental solvable bilinear deformations for any massive non-relativistic 2d quantum field theory (QFT). They include the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

deformation and the recently introduced hard rod deformation. We show that all three deformations can be interpreted as coupling the non-relativistic QFT to a specific Newton-Cartan geometry, similar to the Jackiw-Teitelboim-like gravity in the relativistic case. Using the gravity formulations, we derive closed-form deformed classical Lagrangians of the Schrödinger model with a generic potential. We also extend the dynamical change of coordinate interpretation to the non-relativistic case for all three deformations. The dynamical coordinates are then used to derive the deformed classical Lagrangians and deformed quantum S-matrices.
Burden of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis on the Dutch pediatric intensive care units
Authors: Linssen Rosalie S. , Bem Reinout A. , Kapitein Berber , Rengerink Katrien Oude , Otten Marieke H. , den Hollander Bibiche , Bont Louis , van Woensel Job B. M. ,   on behalf of the PICE Study Group, Wösten-van Asperen Roelie M. , Klein Richard H. , Kneyber Martin C. J. , Kuiper Jan Willem , Verlaat Carin , van Heerde Marc , Riedijk Maaike A. , van Waardenburg Dick A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in young children, but insight into the burden of RSV bronchiolitis on pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is limited. We aimed to determine the burden of RSV bronchiolitis on the PICUs in the Netherlands. Therefore, we identified all children ≤ 24 months of age with RSV bronchiolitis between 2003 and 2016 from a nationwide PICU registry. Subsequently we manually checked their patient records for correct diagnosis and collected patient characteristics, additional clinical data, respiratory support modes, and outcome. In total, 2161 children were admitted to the PICU for RSV bronchiolitis. The annual number of admissions increased significantly during the study period (β 4.05, SE 1.27, p = 0.01), and this increase was mostly driven by increased admissions in children up to 3 months old. Concomitantly, non-invasive respiratory support significantly increased (β 7.71, SE 0.92, p < 0.01), in particular the use of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) (β 6.69, SE 0.96, p < 0.01), whereas the use of invasive ventilation remained stable.Conclusion: The burden of severe RSV bronchiolitis on PICUs has increased in the Netherlands. Concomitantly, the use of non-invasive respiratory support, especially HFNC, has increased.

What is Known:• RSV bronchiolitis is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality and may require pediatric intensive care unit admission.• The field of pediatric critical care for severe bronchiolitis has changed due to increased non-invasive respiratory support options.

What is New:• The burden of RSV bronchiolitis for the Dutch PICUs has increased. These data inform future strategic PICU resource planning and implementation of RSV preventive strategies.• There was a significant increase in the use of high flow nasal cannula at the PICU, but the use of invasive mechanical ventilation did not decrease.
Calculations on Mode Eigenvalues in a Corrugated Waveguide with Varying Diameter and Corrugation Depth
Authors: Haas Daniel , Thumm Manfred , Jelonnek John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present paper addresses numerical calculations on the eigenvalues of hybrid modes in corrugated circular waveguides with varying diameter and corrugation depth. Such calculations are essential for the numerical optimization of advanced mode converters and diameter tapers for future low-loss high-power microwave applications, like broadband high-power radar sensors for space debris observation in low earth orbit (LEO). Corresponding mode converters and diameter tapers may be synthesized based on coupled mode theory. Of particular importance here is the ability to consider varying mode eigenvalues along the perturbed waveguide. The procedure presented here is able to consider arbitrary variations of the corrugation depth as well as the waveguide diameter and therefore is highly flexible. The required computational effort is low. Limitations of the method are discussed.
Full and Partial Grounding
Authors: TROGDON KELLY , WITMER D. GENE 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile controversy about the nature ofgroundingabounds, our focus is on a question for which a particular answer has attracted something like a consensus. The question concerns the relation betweenpartialgrounding andfullgrounding. The apparent consensus is that the former is to be defined in terms of the latter. In this article, we argue that the standard way of doing this faces a significant problem and that we ought to pursue the reverse project of defining full grounding in terms of partial grounding. The guiding idea behind the definition we propose is that full grounding is what happens when partial grounding works in a way that ensures that the grounded is nothing over and above the grounds. We ultimately understand this idea in terms of iterated ‘nothing over and above’ claims.
NEW POETIC FRAGMENTS FROM A NEGLECTED WITNESS OF PS.-TRYPHO'SDE TROPIS: CALLIMACHUS, PS.-HESIOD, PS.-SIMONIDES
Authors: Pontani Filippomaria , Sandri Maria Giovanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA treatise on rhetorical tropes is attributed in manuscripts to the first-century grammarian Trypho: this article considers for the first time a fifteenth-century manuscript of this work (Leiden, BPG 74G), which turns out to be the only complete witness of its hitherto unknown original version; this version (very fragmentarily transmitted by a fifth-century papyrus scrap) is also partly found in another fifteenth-century manuscript now kept in Olomouc (M 79). Four interesting poetic fragments are quoted in this newly discovered, fuller version of Ps.-Trypho'sDe Tropis: some lines from Callimachus’ fifth and fourthIambi(23–9 and 90–2 respectively: a radically new light is shed by this new witness on the parallel papyrus fragments carrying Callimachus’ text), an epigram dubiously attributed to Simonides (FGE44 Page, probably to be dated to the Hellenistic period: the text can be now restored to its complete form), and some enigmatic lines of “Hesiod”'sWedding of Keyx, which the new witness finally makes fully understandable.
Motivation, self-efficacy beliefs, and speaking anxiety in language MOOCs
Authors: Bárkányi Zsuzsanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the role of motivation, anxiety, and self-efficacy beliefs and their interplay with regard to speaking on beginners’ Spanish LMOOCs. It answers three research questions: (1) what are learners’ motivations and goals for joining these LMOOCs and how do these relate to foreign language speaking anxiety; (2) how do learners’ self-efficacy beliefs and anxiety levels change as a result of course completion; and (3) is there a correlation between motivation, foreign language speaking anxiety, and self-efficacy beliefs in this context? A mixed-methods research design used quantitative and qualitative data gathered from self-reflective questionnaires and forum discussions. The results reveal that learners with intrinsic motivation are more likely to complete the courses than those who sign up to manage a personal situation or advance in their career or studies. No direct correlation was, however, found between motivation and the other variables under scrutiny. Learners present higher self-efficacy beliefs at the end of the courses than at the beginning, while anxiety levels are affected to a much smaller degree by course completion. Although spoken interactions in this learning environment are not synchronous, apprehension and anxiety prevent many learners from fully participating in the speaking activities.
The Spatiality of Politics: Cesare Battisti's Regional and International Thought, 1900–1916
Authors: Rosenboim Or 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article concerns the conceptualization of political spaces in early twentieth-century European political thought. The main figure is the Italian geographer and political thinker Cesare Battisti (1875–1916). Drawing on his geographical knowledge of his native region of Trentino, then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Battisti envisioned an alternative political order in Central Europe. In a series of geographical surveys and political essays, he described his idea of the region as a meaningful political space, that could become an alternative to both empire and nation-state as part of a continental democratic federation. The article argues that through this new spatial conceptualization of region and federation, Battisti sought to reinterpret the political categories of authority and community. The article examines Battisti's ideas in their historical and intellectual context, arguing that he offers original insights on the evolution of European international and regional thought in the twentieth century.
Maritime Cloud and Drizzle Microphysical Properties Retrieved From Ship‐Based Observations During MAGIC
Authors: Brendecke Jordann , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Wu Peng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) field campaign provided a wealth of information looking at the stratocumulus to cumulus transition (SCT) over the Eastern‐North Pacific (ENP), however, the lack of cloud in situ measurements gave limited information. Using the observations of Marine W‐band ARM cloud radar, ceilometer, and three‐channel microwave radiometer onboard the ship, we retrieve the single‐layer, low‐level cloud‐droplet effective radius and drizzle median radius (rc and rm,d), number concentration (Nc and Nd), and liquid water content (LWCc and LWCd) using the methods in Wu et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032205). Based on the results during MAGIC, we found that both cloud base and top heights increase approximately 0.75 km from Los Angeles (LA) until cloud breakup (CB) before leveling off. Low cloud fractions (CFs) ranged from ∼85% halfway between LA and CB to ∼20% near Hawaii. Retrieved rc values decreased approximately 2 μm from peak CF to Hawaii while rm,d increased more than 20 μm over the same path. Mean values of rc, rm,d, Nc, Nd, LWCc, and LWCd during MAGIC are 12.1 μm, 55.8 μm, 97.9 cm−3, 0.09 cm−3, 0.40 g m−3, and 0.05 g m−3, respectively. Compared to the mean values over the Azores in Wu et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032205), the mean cloud and drizzle microphysical properties during MAGIC, except LWCd which is roughly equal, are greater due to higher liquid water path and warmer sea surface temperature. This information allows for a better understanding of the SCT over the ENP and can be used to better improve model simulations.
Coherent Satellite Monitoring of the Water Cycle Over the Amazon. Part 1: Methodology and Initial Evaluation
Authors: Pellet Victor , Aires Filipe , Yamazaki Dai , Papa Fabrice 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMonitoring coherently the Amazon Water Cycle (WC) using satellite observations is crucial for climate and water resources studies. The SAtellite Water Cycle (SAWC) integration methodology is introduced to optimize the satellite datasets. In this paper, the WC budget is balanced simultaneously over 10 sub‐basins by constraining the horizontal water exchanges between them. Compared to an actual assimilation analysis, SAWC benefits from the use of water storage observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. SAWC corrects the satellite evapotranspiration datasets that tend to under‐estimate the water‐limited evaporation over the central Amazon and to over‐estimate the energy‐limited evaporation over the northern Amazon. The SAWC precipitation estimates are evaluated against gauge measurements and show good overall results with a correlation varying from 0.94 to 0.99 and root‐mean‐square deviation between 16 and 41 mm/month (≃10% of precipitation estimate).
Fate of Artificially Injected Oxygen in the Hypolimnion of a Two‐Basin Lake: Amisk Lake, Revisited
Authors: Toledo J. C. , Singleton V. L. , Little J. C. , Lawrence G. A. , Ramón C. L. , Rueda F. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBubble‐plume diffusers are increasingly used to add dissolved oxygen (DO) to the hypolimnion of lakes and reservoirs. Bubble plumes are successful at replenishing hypolimnetic DO, but they also introduce mixing energy that induces subtle changes in the thermal structure of the reservoir, driving changes in plume behavior. To account for this complex plume‐reservoir interaction, a double bubble‐plume model is coupled with a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. The coupled model is used to reassess a field‐scale analysis of the bubble‐plume diffuser in two‐basin Amisk Lake, aiming at evaluating the relative role of bubble‐induced circulation and internal‐seiching in driving inter‐basin transport under stratified conditions. A large‐scale plume‐induced circulation was previously thought to be the main driver of inter‐basin oxygen transport. This interpretation was based on the attribution of the time‐averaged circulation in the channel due to plume operation. However, the intrinsic complexity of the hydraulic system and the sparseness of the field data introduced large uncertainties in the previous analysis. Here, we demonstrate that the time‐averaged circulation is primarily the result of wind‐driven internal seiches. Oxygen exchange is shown to be controlled by the interaction between internal seiche‐driven horizontal transport along the channel, and, the rate at which added oxygen reaches the layers above the sill, which is mainly controlled by plume‐induced circulation. Internal‐seiche driven transport through basin constrictions will vary depending on the magnitude of the wind forcing, depth of the thermocline and the channel geometry. These results highlight the importance of understanding water movement prior to introducing restoration actions in lakes.
Physical Controls of Summer Variations in Bottom Layer Oxygen Concentrations in the Coastal Hypoxic Region off the Northeastern Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Zhai Fangguo , Liu Zizhou , Li Peiliang , Gu Yanzhen , Sun Liyuan , Hu Luoyu , Liu Xingchuan , Wu Wenfan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHypoxia has been observed worldwide and causes great damage to marine ecosystems. In the northeastern mariculture areas of the Shandong Peninsula, summer oxygen depletion and even hypoxia have been observed in the bottom layer, but the underlying dynamics are still poorly understood. In the current study, the physical controls of variations in bottom layer oxygen concentrations in summer and their interannual variations in the northeastern mariculture areas of the Shandong Peninsula were first investigated using in situ observations collected during 2016–2020. Over the past 5 years, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of the bottom layer have ranged from 0.8 to 13.0 mg L−1 and exhibited a robust annual cycle, with the lowest value occurring in August. Hypoxia events covering several days were observed intermittently in the summers of 2016 and 2017. Summer oxygen depletion was caused by the combined effects of ocean stratification and enhanced biogeochemical oxygen consumption. At the interannual time scale, stratification and bottom layer DO concentrations showed synchronous variations and both peaked in 2018. The underlying mechanism was related to bottom layer currents, which were created by southerly monsoon winds. Strong/weak southerly surface winds induced a strong/weak bottom shoreward advection of cold, oxygen‐rich water and resulted in strong/weak stratification and high/low DO concentrations. The results provide a good reference for coastal mariculture management in the Shandong Province and enrich our understanding of the global distribution of coastal hypoxia.
Ketogenic diet alleviates colitis by reduction of colonic group 3 innate lymphoid cells through altering gut microbiome
Authors: Kong Cheng , Yan Xuebing , Liu Yongqiang , Huang Linsheng , Zhu Yefei , He Jide , Gao Renyuan , Kalady Matthew F. , Goel Ajay , Qin Huanlong , Ma Yanlei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that ketogenic diets (KDs) mediate the rise of circulating ketone bodies and exert a potential anti-inflammatory effect; however, the consequences of this unique diet on colitis remain unknown. We performed a series of systematic studies using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) animal model of inflammatory colitis. Animals were fed with a KD, low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), or normal diet (ND). Germ-free mice were utilized in validation experiments. Colon tissues were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing, RT2 profiler PCR array, histopathology, and immunofluorescence. Serum samples were analyzed by metabolic assay kit. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We observed that KD alleviated colitis by altering the gut microbiota and metabolites in a manner distinct from LCD. Quantitative diet experiments confirmed the unique impact of KD relative to LCD with a reproducible increase inAkkermansia, whereas the opposite was observed forEscherichia/Shigella. After colitis induction, the KD protected intestinal barrier function, and reduced the production of RORγt+CD3−group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and related inflammatory cytokines (IL-17α, IL-18, IL-22, Ccl4). Finally, fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice revealed that the KD- mediated colitis inhibition and ILC3 regulation were dependent on the modification of gut microbiota. Taken together, our study presents a global view of microbiome-metabolomics changes that occur during KD colitis treatment, and identifies the regulation of gut microbiome and ILC3s as novel targets involving in IBD dietary therapy.
Indium phosphide magic-sized clusters: chemistry and applications
Authors: Kwon Yongju , Kim Sungjee 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews developments in the synthesis of InP quantum dots (QDs) and research on InP magic-sized clusters (MSCs), which occur as intermediates during the growth of InP QDs. We classify research on InP MSCs into (1) synthesis and characterization and (2) applications. Several InP MSCs have been developed using low reaction temperatures or strong binding ligands. InP MSCs passivated by carboxylate, amine or phosphonate ligands and InP MSCs that incorporate heterogeneous atoms (Cl or Zn) have been synthesized. We also review tools to characterize MSCs and show the intermediate characteristics of InP MSCs. InP MSCs have been used as synthesis precursors for spherical InP QDs and nonspherical InP nanostructures, such as elongated, branched, and hyperbranched/dendrimer-like morphologies. We also present MSC-mediated growth mechanisms involving fragments, monomers or other nanoclusters. Research on the chemistry and applications of InP MSCs has uncovered the formation process of InP nanomaterials. Developments in the luminescent properties of InP MSCs, InP QDs and elongated InP nanostructures would be useful in displays.