bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindset regarding mathematical ability in K‐12 teachers
Authors: Willingham James C. , Barlow Angela T. , Stephens D. Christopher , Lischka Alyson E. , Hartland Kristin S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo potentially impactful conceptions of mathematics and mathematics teaching, teachers’ implicit theories (i.e., mindset) toward intelligence and mathematical ability, have not been well examined in the literature. This study established baseline characteristics for these constructs across grades K‐12 teachers through a survey of background and mindset characteristics of 583 classroom teachers. Analyses regarding the uniqueness of these constructs, their proportions in the sample of teachers, and differences in mindset by subject and grade level taught are provided. Mindset regarding mathematical ability was found to be distinguished from mindset regarding general intelligence, and as a whole, teachers displayed drastically different distributions of mindset than the population, with growth‐oriented mindset characteristics for intelligence and mathematical ability greatest among elementary teachers and mathematics teachers. Additionally, teachers’ mindsets regarding these constructs appeared to be strongly oriented toward growth. Mindset constructs, which are potentially impactful to mathematical teaching practices, should be further examined in relation to effective classroom teaching, particularly at the elementary level, and differences in the distribution of these constructs by grade level taught should be further explored.
Associated Sociodemographic and Facility Patterning of Uptake, Attendance, and Session Count Within a Scottish Exercise Referral Scheme
Authors: Shore Colin B. , Hubbard Gill , Gorely Trish , Hunter Angus M. , Galloway Stuart D.R. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Exercise referral schemes (ERS) aim to tackle noncommunicable disease via increasing levels of physical activity. Health benefits are reliant on uptake and attending ERS sessions. Hence, it is important to understand which characteristics may influence these parameters to target interventions to improve uptake and attendance to those who need it most. Method: Secondary analysis of one ERS database was conducted to (1) profile participants’ nonuptake of exercise referral; (2) describe any differences between nonattenders and attenders; and (3) report session count of attenders, exploring any relationship between attender demographics and session count. Results: The study showed that (1) sociodemographic profile of nonattenders was very similar to that of those who attended; (2) there was a high, early withdrawal rate of attenders wherein 68% exited the scheme at 5 exercise sessions or less; and (3) session count did not appear to differ by demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Nonattendance and session count did not appear to differ by demographic characteristics. Attendance at ERS was low. Nonuptake and reduced attendance may limit any associated health benefits that may be achieved from ERS. Therefore, it is important to identify additional factors that may influence participants’ choice to uptake and attend ERS.
Study protocol of a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis using two different approaches: Healthcare related needs and desires of older people with post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Pohontsch Nadine Janis , Meyer Thorsten , Eisenmann Yvonne , Metzendorf Maria-Inti , Leve Verena , Lentsch Veronika 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionStroke is a frequent disease in the older population of Western Europe with aphasia as a common consequence. Aphasia is known to impede targeting treatment to individual patients’ needs and therefore may reduce treatment success. In Germany, the postacute care of patients who had stroke is provided by different healthcare institutions of different sectors (rehabilitation, nursing and primary care) with substantial difficulties to coordinate services. We will conduct two qualitative evidence syntheses (QESs) aiming at exploring distinct healthcare needs and desires of older people living with poststroke aphasia. We thereby hope to support the development of integrated care models based on needs of patients who are very restricted to communicate them. Since various methods of QESs exist, the aim of the study embedding the two QESs was to determine if findings differ according to the approach used.Methods and analysisWe will conduct two QESs by using metaethnography (ME) and thematic synthesis (ThS) independently to synthesise the findings of primary qualitative studies. The main differences between these two methods are the underlying epistemologies (idealism (ME) vs realism (ThS)) and the type of research question (emerging (ME) vs fixed (ThS)).We will search seven bibliographical databases. Inclusion criteria comprise: patients with poststroke aphasia, aged 65 years and older, studies in German/English, all types of qualitative studies concerning needs and desires related to healthcare or the healthcare system. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines and includes three items from the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the synthesis of Qualitative Research checklist.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented on national conferences.
Birthweight features of the infants of mothers diagnosed with diabetes at different gestational ages in South China from 2014 to 2018: a retrospective study
Authors: Huang Xin-xin , Jiang Xiu-Min , Zheng Qing-Xiang , Chen Xiao-Qing , Pan Yu-Qing 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThe primary purpose was to measure the birth weight of infants of mothers with gestational diabetes (IMGDs) at different gestational ages to develop new reference charts and curves for them. A further purpose was to compare them with those of 159 334 infants in China to provide more accurate reference charts for the diagnosis of suspected abnormal birth weight of IMGDs. The final purpose was to evaluate the key periods for such mothers to control their weight in line with the difference of fetal weight of each two neighbouring gestational ages.SettingA specialised hospital in South ChinaParticipantsIMGDs born here from January 2014 to December 2018.Primary and secondary outcome variablesBirth weight, gestational ages of IMGDs, gender and year of birth.ResultsData of 14 311 singleton live births at the gestational weeks 25–42 here were collected. The proportions of low birth weight, normal birth weight and macrosomia were 7.26%, 87.04%, and 5.70%, respectively. The proportions of small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age and large for gestational age were 5.69%, 84.42% and 9.89%, respectively. In the macrosomia group, the mean of all birth weight in 2017 decreased for the first time since 2014. Both the means of birth weight of male infants at gestational weeks 36–41 and of female at weeks 38–40 were greater than that of the 159 334 infants. The increase of each weekly mean of IMGDs at gestational weeks 27–31 and 33–35 was >10% compared with the former. Based on this, new reference charts of birth weight for IMGDs in terms of different gestational age and gender were formulated.ConclusionThese charts may be applied as reference for more accurate diagnosis and quick treatment of abnormal birth weight. This study showed that the identification of key periods for fetal weight gain was helpful for the management of the weight of women with gestational diabetes.
Efficacy and safety of inulin supplementation for functional constipation: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Liu Xinyuan , Yang Qing , He Zhongning , Yao Shukun 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionFunctional constipation (FC) is a common digestive system disease, with an uptrend in morbidity and mortality, resulting in huge social and economic losses. Although the guidelines recommend lifestyle intervention as a first-line treatment, lifestyle intervention is not widely used in clinic. Inulin can be used as the basic material of functional food. Clinical studies have shown that inulin supplementation is associated with increased frequency of bowel movements, but has certain side effects. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of inulin in the treatment of FC need to be further evaluated.Methods and analysisWe will search Medline, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database and China Biomedical Literature Database. We will also search the China Clinical Trial Registry, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and related conference summaries. This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RevMan V.5.3.5 will be used for analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of inulin supplementation for the treatment of FC. All included data will be obtained from published articles, there is no need for the ethical approval, and it will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Due to lack of a new systematic review in this field, this study will combine relevant randomised controlled trials to better explore the evidence of inulin supplementation in the treatment of FC and guide clinical practice and clinical research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020189234.
Does mothers’ pregnancy intention affect their children’s preventive and curative care in India? Evidence from a longitudinal survey
Authors: Chowdhury Poulomi , Garg Mausam Kumar , Kanchan Sk Md Illias 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of unintended births on preventive and curative care of children and their nutritional status.DesignThe study uses a cross-sectional prospective design.SettingIndian Human Development Survey (IHDS) data of two rounds were used in this study. Women data file was used to draw a representative sample of 3905 children who belong to under 5 years of age group.Statistical analysesWe categorised birth as an unintended birth if the mother did not want to have an additional child at IHDS-I but gave birth during the intersurvey. Furthermore, all births exceeding to the desired number of children reported by mothers in the IHDS-II were also included in unintended births. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to analyse the effect of unintended births on child immunisation and exclusive breast feeding, while multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the effect of childbearing intention on child nutritional status.ResultsThe study shows that by controlling other factors, children from unintended births were less likely to be exclusively breast fed (OR 0.885, 95% CI 0.792 to 0.990, p<0.05) and receive full immunisation (OR 0.830, 95% CI 0.739 to 0.931, p<0.001). Moreover, poor nutrition was more prevalent among children from unintended births as they were more likely to be stunted and underweight.ConclusionsThe study confirmed the adverse effects of unintended pregnancy on children’s preventive and curative care. The findings of the study underscore the importance of formulating policies on more affordable, accessible and available means of family planning to reduce the unintended births.
Cross-sectional seroprevalence study of antibody to Bordetella pertussis toxin in western Saudi Arabia: is there a need for a vaccine booster dose for adolescents and young adults?
Authors: Farahat Fayssal , Althaqafi Abdulhakeem , Al-Amri Abdulfattah , Alsaedi Asim , Abouremsh Mohammad , Alshamrani Majid 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of antibody to pertussis toxin among adult populations in western Saudi Arabia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingKing Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia. A tertiary care teaching hospital.ParticipantsA total of 1200 participants (400 healthcare workers, 400 military recruits and 400 blood donors) were included. The majority were male (79.3%), and the mean (±SD) age was 27.2 (±6.7) years old.InterventionsThe study included the analysis of serum blood samples using commercial ELISA. A consecutive sampling technique was applied.Primary outcome measuresSeropositivity of antipertussis toxin immunoglobulin G (anti-PT IgG) ≥62.5 IU/mL.ResultsAntibody titres ≥62.5 IU/mL, indicating exposure to Bordetella pertussis infection within the last year, were identified in 12.0% (95% CI 10.2% to 14.0%) of the participants. Titres ≥125 IU/mL, suggesting recent infection, were detected in 3.5% (95% CI 2.5% to 4.7%). Seroprevalence of positive IgG antibody titres (≥62.5 IU/mL) was highest among the healthcare workers (HCWs) (14%), then the military recruits (13.5%) and blood donors (8.5%; p=0.03). The multivariate regression analysis showed association between participants group (HCWs and military), male gender and younger age (<25 years old) and higher antibody to pertussis toxin.ConclusionsHigh pertussis seropositivity was associated with participants’ occupation (ie, healthcare workers and military recruits), and anti-PT IgG titre was negatively correlated with age. A substantial deficiency in pertussis reporting in Saudi Arabia has been suggested, with potential increased risk to the most vulnerable populations (ie, infants and elderly). Enhancing the booster dose of pertussis vaccine for adolescents and adults is crucial to minimise the burden of pertussis.
Magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among rural women in Ethiopia: a multilevel cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Agegnehu Chilot Desta 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among rural women in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsReproductive age group women.Primary outcomeUnmet need for family planning.MethodsThis study drew data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, which was conducted from 18 January to 27 June 2016. A total of 8327 rural reproductive-aged (15–49 years) women were included. A two-level multivariable logistic regression model was carried out to identify individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for family planning. Adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI was used to assess the strength of association between independent and dependent variables.ResultsThe overall unmet need for family planning among rural women was 24.08% (95% CI 23.17 to 25.01), of which 14.79% was for spacing and 9.29% for limiting. Number of children (AOR=1.15; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.24) and working status of women (AOR=1.18; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37) were significantly associated with a higher odds of unmet need for family planning. However, women with primary education (AOR=0.87; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.94), women married at age 18 or later (AOR=0.82; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.96), women from households with high wealth index (AOR=0.77; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.94), women who deem distance to a health facility as not a big problem (AOR=0.85; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.99), women from communities with a high percentage of educated women (AOR=0.73; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.89) and women who live in communities with high media exposure (AOR=0.81, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98) were significantly associated with a lower odds of unmet needs for family planning.ConclusionUnmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in rural Ethiopia was high. Number of children, working status of women, women’s education, age at first marriage, household wealth, distance to a health facility, community women’s education and community media exposure were significantly associated with unmet needs for family planning. Therefore, to reduce unmet need for family planning, public health policymakers should consider both individual and community-level factors when designing FP programmes and emphasis should be given to high-risk populations.
CoCo20 protocol: a pilot longitudinal follow-up study about the psychiatric outcomes in a paediatric population and their families during and after the stay-at-home related to coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)
Authors: Gindt Morgane , Fernandez Arnaud , Richez Aurelien , Nachon Ophelie , Battista Michele , Askenazy Florence 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionIn the context of a viral outbreak and the stay-at-home measures, a significant increase in psychological distress, such as stress or fear behaviours, has previously been reported in adult and paediatric population. Children and adolescents seem to be particularly at risk of developing psychiatric disorders during and after the stay-at-home but evidences are lacking. The main objective of this article is to present the methodology of Coronavirus Confinement 2020 (CoCo20) Study, which aims to assess the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and stay-at-home on the development of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in children and adolescents.Methods and analysisWe describe a longitudinal and multicentre study in the paediatric population during and after stay-at-home related to COVID-19 pandemic. Inclusions started on 30 March 2020 for 6 months. This study is proposed to all consecutive paediatric outpatients consulting during and after stay-at-home related to COVID-19 pandemic in medical–psychological centres and in a paediatric psychotrauma centre and/or calling the emergency COVID-19 hotline. We perform standardised and internationally validated psychiatric assessments (Diagnosis Infant and Preschool Assessment, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia—Present and Lifetime Version) together with anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, PTSD, parenting stress and somatic symptoms scales during five visits (baseline, 1 week after baseline, 1 month after baseline, 1 week after the end of the containment and 1 month after the end of the containment) in patients and their families enrolled during the containment and during three visits in case of enrolment after the containment. The inclusion period will end in 30 November 2020.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Cote d’Azur University « CERNI » (number 2020-59). All patients and their legal caregivers provide a written informed consent on enrolment in the study. We will submit the results of the study to relevant journals and offer national and international presentations. This study will enable better characterisation of the impact of the stay-at-home (related to COVID-19 pandemic) on the mental health of children and adolescents.Trial registration numberNCT04498416.
Algorithmic surveillance ofICU patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ASIC): protocol for a multicentre stepped-wedge cluster randomised quality improvement strategy
Authors: Marx Gernot , Bickenbach Johannes , Fritsch Sebastian Johannes , Kunze Julian Benedict , Maassen Oliver , Deffge Saskia , Kistermann Jennifer , Haferkamp Silke , Lutz Irina , Voellm Nora Kristiana , Lowitsch Volker , Polzin Richard , Sharafutdinov Konstantin , Mayer Hannah , Kuepfer Lars , Burghaus Rolf , Schmitt Walter , Lippert Joerg , Riedel Morris , Barakat Chadi , Stollenwerk André , Fonck Simon , Putensen Christian , Zenker Sven , Erdfelder Felix , Grigutsch Daniel , Kram Rainer , Beyer Susanne , Kampe Knut , Gewehr Jan Erik , Salman Friederike , Juers Patrick , Kluge Stefan , Tiller Daniel , Wisotzki Emilia , Gross Sebastian , Homeister Lorenz , Bloos Frank , Scherag André , Ammon Danny , Mueller Susanne , Palm Julia , Simon Philipp , Jahn Nora , Loeffler Markus , Wendt Thomas , Schuerholz Tobias , Groeber Petra , Schuppert Andreas 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly relevant entity in critical care with mortality rates of 40%. Despite extensive scientific efforts, outcome-relevant therapeutic measures are still insufficiently practised at the bedside. Thus, there is a clear need to adhere to early diagnosis and sufficient therapy in ARDS, assuring lower mortality and multiple organ failure.Methods and analysisIn this quality improvement strategy (QIS), a decision support system as a mobile application (ASIC app), which uses available clinical real-time data, is implemented to support physicians in timely diagnosis and improvement of adherence to established guidelines in the treatment of ARDS. ASIC is conducted on 31 intensive care units (ICUs) at 8 German university hospitals. It is designed as a multicentre stepped-wedge cluster randomised QIS. ICUs are combined into 12 clusters which are randomised in 12 steps. After preparation (18 months) and a control phase of 8 months for all clusters, the first cluster enters a roll-in phase (3 months) that is followed by the actual QIS phase. The remaining clusters follow in month wise steps. The coprimary key performance indicators (KPIs) consist of the ARDS diagnostic rate and guideline adherence regarding lung-protective ventilation. Secondary KPIs include the prevalence of organ dysfunction within 28 days after diagnosis or ICU discharge, the treatment duration on ICU and the hospital mortality. Furthermore, the user acceptance and usability of new technologies in medicine are examined. To show improvements in healthcare of patients with ARDS, differences in primary and secondary KPIs between control phase and QIS will be tested.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the independent Ethics Committee (EC) at the RWTH Aachen Faculty of Medicine (local EC reference number: EK 102/19) and the respective data protection officer in March 2019. The results of the ASIC QIS will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberDRKS00014330.
Epidemiological trends in COVID-19 pandemic: prospective critical appraisal of observations from six countries in Europe and the USA
Authors: Velicu Maria Alexandra , Furlanetti Luciano , Jung Josephine , Ashkan Keyoumars 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Europe was the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, with the highest number of cases and deaths between March and April. In May, the infection numbers registered a fall followed by a second new rise, not proportionally reflected by an increase in the number of deaths. We aimed to investigate the relationship between disease prevalence and infection fatality rate (IFR), and the number of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital admissions over time, to develop a predictive model, as well as appraising the potential contributing factors underpinning this complex relationship.

Methods
A prospective epidemiological study using data from six countries collected between 10 March and 4 September 2020. Data on the number of daily hospital and ICU admissions with COVID-19 were gathered, and the IFR and the prevalence were calculated. Trends over time were analysed. A linear regression model was used to determine the association between the fatality rates and the number of admissions.

Findings
The prediction model confirmed the linear association between the fatality rates and the numbers of ICU and hospital admissions. The exception was during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic when the model underestimated the fatalities indicating that a substantial number of deaths occurred outside of the hospitals. The fatality rates decreased in all countries from May until September regardless of the trends in prevalence, differences in healthcare systems or strategic variations in handling the pandemic.

Interpretation
The observed gradual reduction in COVID-19 fatality rates over time despite varying disease prevalence and public health measures across multiple countries warrants search for a biological explanation. While our understanding of this novel virus grows, hospital and ICU admission rates remain effective predictors of patient outcomes which can be used as early warning signs for escalation of public health measures.