bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drop-out, stop-out or prolong? The effect of COVID-19 on students' choices
Authors: Farcnik Dasa , Domadenik Muren Polona , Franca Valentina 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to identify the causal effect of the COVID-19 induced crisis on students' decisions about their educational plans. The authors hypothesise that students adjusted their decisions by delaying graduation, dropping out or change the field of education because of increased uncertainty about future employment and monetary returns.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical approach is based on a survey done during the first wave of COVID-19 in Slovenia. The probability of dropping out, prolonging or stop-out is designed by applying probit and probit with insturmental variables empirical model.FindingsPrimary orientation towards work increases the probability of dropping out and financial constraints increase the probability of prolonging studies. The same holds after accounting for endogeneity. However, the authors do not find that poor job expectations due to COVID-19 affect students' decisions to prolong, drop-out or stop-out. The authors also find that the primary orientation toward work or study explains the differences in the probability of each outcome that is not influenced by enrolment in a particular field of study.Research limitations/implicationsThe results cannot be read as an objective prediction of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on college failures. However, the study provides insight into how students' expectations change their intentions to prolong, drop-out, or stop-out during periods of high uncertainty. The extent, to which measured intentions are realised, however, is uncertain.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the response diversity and motives behind students' study decisions represents extremely valuable insights for economic policy. Mapped apprehensions, augmented by heterogeneity in personal and financial characteristics, are relevant for policymakers. In terms of future research, it would be interesting to analyse what changes occurred over a five-year period, specifically which field of study was most affected by students' adjusted plans due to the pandemic.Social implicationsStudents have always been a special group in the labour market. After the initial shock of closing activities, studying online and the drastic decrease in student work due to COVID-19, the decision was made in spring 2020 to continue on the chosen path or not. This paper provides insight into the changing decision students made about their educational plans.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to highlight the implications of COVID-19 for the adaptation of student plans in the transition from school-to work in Europe. It departs from the classical literature of college failures, as specific macroeconomic conditions influence students to reconsider their educational decisions. Moreover, the paper also contributes to the rapidly growing literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household-level labour market outcomes, particularly with respect to job search and labour supply decisions in general.
Examining the influence of forgiveness and its antecedents on consumer behavior: the moderating role of service failure severity
Authors: Salagrama Ramakrishna , Prashar Sanjeev , Tata Sai Vijay 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate antecedents of forgiveness from the non-complainers point of view after a service failure in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study bases itself on the theoretical foundations of the Cognitive Emotive Coping model. In the first study, a survey-based design was used for soliciting responses from 291 respondents. An experimental research design was undertaken in the second study, and data were recorded from 120 respondents. Data were analysed using both SPSS and AMOS.FindingsAll the antecedent variables, except, affective commitment was found to influence forgiveness significantly. Further, forgiveness also positively influenced repurchase intentions and had a negative influence on negative word-of-mouth. The findings also suggest that the service failure severity effectively moderates the relationship between empathy and forgiveness.Originality/valueThis paper extends the cognitive emotive coping model from the non-complainers point of view by adding relational constructs to it. This study observes that affective commitment is not necessarily related to forgiveness in contrast to existing literature. The relationship between empathy and forgiveness is stronger when failure severity is low.
Impact of cutting fluid on hybrid manufacturing of AISI H13 tool steel
Authors: Cortina Magdalena , Arrizubieta Jon Iñaki , Lamikiz Aitzol , Ukar Eneko 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the effects derived from the presence of residual coolant from machining operations on the Directed Energy Deposition of AISI H13 tool steel and the quality of the resulting part.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present paper, the effectiveness of various cleaning techniques, including laser vaporising and air blasting, applied to different water/oil concentrations are studied. For this purpose, single-layer and multi-layer depositions are performed. Besides, the influence of the powder adhered to the coolant residues remaining on the surface of the workpiece is analysed. In all cases, cross-sections are studied in-depth, including metallographic, microhardness, scanning electron microscopy and crack mechanism analyses.

Findings
The results show that, although no significant differences were found for low oil concentrations when remarkably high oil concentrations were used the deposited material cracked, regardless of the cleaning technique applied. The crack initiation and propagation mechanisms have been analysed, concluding that the presence of oil leads to hydrogen induced cracking.

Originality/value
High oil concentration residues from previous machining operations in hybrid manufacturing led to hydrogen induced cracking when working with AISI H13 tool steel. The results obtained will help in defining future hybrid manufacturing processes that combine additive and subtractive operations.
Pre‐operative predictive factors for gangrenous cholecystitis at an Australian quaternary cardiothoracic centre
Authors: Fang Robert , Yerkovich Stephanie , Chandrasegaram Manju 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine associations between pre‐operative factors and gangrenous cholecystitis. Gangrenous cholecystitis represents a severe spectrum of cholecystitis and is associated with an increased risk of complications. Early recognition and diagnosis of gangrenous cholecystitis can optimize prioritization for surgery and improve outcomes.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was undertaken. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, pre‐operative biochemical and ultrasound findings as well as post‐operative outcomes were assessed. Four hundred and fourteen patients who underwent an emergency cholecystectomy between 2018 and 2020 were reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and nine (26%) patients who underwent emergency cholecystectomy during this 3‐year period had gangrenous cholecystitis. These patients were older (median age 65 versus 45, P < 0.001) and more likely to be male (58.7% versus 32.5%, P < 0.001). Patients with coronary disease (OR 2.55, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 2.25, P = 0.001), or arrhythmias (OR 3.64, P = 0.001) were two‐to‐three times more likely to have gangrenous cholecystitis. Patients with renal disease (OR 1.92, P = 0.004) or using antiplatelet medication (OR 2.27, P = 0.003) were twice as likely to have gangrenous cholecystitis. Patients who had gangrenous cholecystitis presented with a higher white cell count (median 13 x 109/L versus 8 x 109/L, P < 0.001) and a higher C‐reactive protein (median 196 versus 18 mg/L, P < 0.001). Patients with gangrenous cholecystitis had poorer post‐operative outcomes.ConclusionWe verified predictive factors from existing literature and identified a number of novel pre‐operative predictive factors for gangrenous cholecystitis which could help with development of a scoring system for clinical use.
HEROES V‐V—HEmorRhagic cOmplications in Veno‐Venous Extracorporeal life Support—Development and internal validation of multivariable prediction model in adult patients
Authors: Willers Anne , Swol Justyna , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Buscher Hergen , McQuilten Zoe , ten Cate Hugo , Rycus Peter T. , McKellar Stephen , Lorusso Roberto , Tonna Joseph E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring extracorporeal life support (ECLS), bleeding is one of the most frequent complications, associated with high morbidity and increased mortality, despite continuous improvements in devices and patient care. Risk factors for bleeding complications in veno‐venous (V‐V) ECLS applied for respiratory support have been poorly investigated.We aim to develop and internally validate a prediction model to calculate the risk for bleeding complications in adult patients receiving V‐V ECLS support.MethodsData from adult patients reported to the extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) registry between the years 2010 and 2020 were analyzed. The primary outcome was bleeding complications recorded during V‐V ECLS. Multivariable logistic regression with backward stepwise elimination was used to develop the predictive model. The performance of the model was tested by discriminative ability and calibration with receiver operating characteristic curves and visual inspection of the calibration plot.ResultsIn total, 18 658 adult patients were included, of which 3 933 (21.1%) developed bleeding complications. The prediction model showed a prediction of bleeding complications with an AUC of 0.63. Pre‐ECLS arrest, surgical cannulation, lactate, pO2, HCO3, ventilation rate, mean airway pressure, pre‐ECLS cardiopulmonary bypass or renal replacement therapy, pre‐ECLS surgical interventions, and different types of diagnosis were included in the prediction model.ConclusionsThe model is based on the largest cohort of V‐V ECLS patients and reveals the most favorable predictive value addressing bleeding events given the predictors that are feasible and when compared to the current literature. This model will help identify patients at risk of bleeding complications, and decision making in terms of anticoagulation and hemostatic management.
A model‐based analysis to guide gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor antagonist use for management of endometriosis
Authors: Pohl Oliver , Baron Kyle , Riggs Matthew , French Jonathan , Garcia Ramon , Gotteland Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2021

AimsTo identify linzagolix doses, an oral GnRH receptor antagonist, that effectively lower oestradiol (E2) to relieve endometriosis‐related pelvic pain without compromising bone health.MethodsIntegrated statistical, pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic and systems pharmacology models were developed from Phase 1 and 2 clinical trial data in healthy volunteers and patients, receiving linzagolix 25–200 mg daily or placebo, and analysed simultaneously. The main outcome measures were pelvic pain scores for dysmenorrhoea, nonmenstrual pelvic pain (NMPP), uterine bleeding and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD).ResultsLinzagolix pharmacokinetics were described by a 2‐compartment model with sequential zero/first‐order absorption process (CL/F: 0.422 L/h). E2 changes over time were well described as a function of linzagolix 24‐hour AUC (AUC50: 1.68 × 105 ng h/mL). For a Caucasian reference patient, a change in E2 from 50–20 pg/mL at 24 weeks increased the odds of relief of dysmenorrhoea 1.33‐fold and NMPP 1.07‐fold (95% CI: 1.22–1.47 and 1.02–1.12, respectively) and decreased bleeding days by 1.55 (95% CI: 1.39–1.72). A previously validated quantitative systems pharmacology BMD model was adjusted to the clinical data. The mean week 24 lumbar spine BMD change from baseline ranged from −0.092% in the 50 mg dose, −1.30% in the 100 mg dose group and −2.67% in the 200 mg dose group.DiscussionThe previously‐reported E2 target range (20–50 pg/mL) to balance efficacy and safety endpoints was confirmed. Linzagolix once daily doses between 75–125 mg daily were expected to meet endometriosis‐associated pain, efficacy, and BMD loss targets in Caucasian patients.
A superpixel powered autoencoder technique for detecting dementia
Authors: Bansal Deepika , Khanna Kavita , Chhikara Rita , Dua Rakesh Kumar , Malhotra Rajeev 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDementia is a neurocognitive disorder responsible for decreasing the overall quality of life for patients. The disease has emerged as a worldwide health challenge in adults in the age group of 65 years or above. Deep learning has been successfully applied for the prediction of dementia using magnetic resonance imaging. In this paper, a superpixel‐powered autoencoder technique has been proposed using a histogram of oriented gradients for extracting the relevant features. The proposed technique is capable of predicting and classifying three categories of dementia—normal, mild cognitive impairment and dementia subjects. The viability of the proposed method is established by comparing it with the other state of art models and the popular pre‐trained networks including Squeezenet, Resnet50, Resnet18, Inceptionv3, Googlenet, VGG19 and Alexnet. The experimental results establish that the proposed model has performed significantly better than the state of art models and has outperformed the popular pre‐trained networks.
Differences in susceptibility to Mycobacterium chelonae in zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines commonly used in scientific research
Authors: Janik Andrew J , Whipps Christopher M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMycobacteriosis is one of the most common diseases encountered in laboratory zebrafish. These infections can present a problem to researchers using zebrafish because they may introduce unknown experimental variables. Whilst differences in severity of infections between species of Mycobacterium infecting zebrafish have been well documented, little is known about differences in susceptibility between zebrafish lines. Previous surveys have found higher prevalence in the TU zebrafish line relative to other lines, suggesting that there may be underlying genetic differences in susceptibility. This study investigates Mycobacterium chelonae H1E2‐GFP infections in four different zebrafish lines commonly used in research (AB, 5D, casper and TU). Fish were exposed to a labelled (green‐fluorescent protein (GFP)) strain of M. chelonae by intraperitoneal injection, and infection status was evaluated after 10 weeks. Visualization of GFP in euthanized fish and histology were used as endpoints. In GFP images, severity was assessed by image analysis, and in histological sections, counts of granulomas containing acid‐fast bacteria were used. Results indicated differences in severity of infections between lines, but no significant differences in prevalence.
Dietary pattern associated with C‐reactive protein and trajectories of blood pressure in Chinese adults: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Du Renjia , Cao Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the relationship between a dietary pattern associated with C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and trajectories of blood pressure in Chinese adults.MethodsThis prospective cohort study consisted of 7020 adults using three waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009, 2011 and 2015). Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to identify trajectories of blood pressure. The dietary pattern associated with C‐reactive protein (CRP) was measured using the reduced rank regression method. Logistic regression models were fit to explore the associations of the scores on inflammation‐related dietary patterns and trajectories of blood pressure.ResultsWe identified a dietary pattern associated with CRP at baseline, which was high in red meat, snacks and nuts, but low in grains, poultry and fish. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) pertaining to the highest dietary pattern score group for the high‐normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) group and the high SBP group were 1.316 (1.155–1.498) and 1.295 (1.030–1.627), respectively. However, no significant association was observed between dietary patterns and trajectories of diastolic blood pressure (p > 0.05).ConclusionsDietary pattern associated with CRP resulted in higher risk of high‐normal and high levels of SBP.
Exploring academic literacy practices of graduate students in English language teacher education programmes at English‐medium universities in Turkey
Authors: Yigitoglu Aptoula Nur 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile previous research has documented the challenges international students face during their graduate level study in U.S. universities (Casanave and Li, 2008), less is known about the graduate students at English‐medium universities, which are common in non‐English dominant (EFL) contexts. To address this gap in the literature, this exploratory research study investigates second language (L2) graduate students' academic literacy practices at English‐medium universities in Turkey. During one academic year, Turkish graduate students in English language education programmes at seven English‐medium universities were invited to participate in a survey regarding their academic literacy practices in English and Turkish. One hundred ten participants responded on the survey. In addition, a subset of participants was asked to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Graduate students stated that studying through the medium of English made it almost impossible to write in their L1 (i.e. Turkish). They, however, were asked to make parallel use of English and Turkish in some genres such as academic papers and conference abstracts. Based on the results, the study highlights the importance promoting academic biliteracy along with full‐bilingualism at graduate programmes in English‐medium universities.
Martial Arts‐Based Curriculum Reduces Stress, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems in Elementary Schoolchildren During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study
Authors: Marusak Hilary A. , Borg Breanna , Morales Austin , Carrington Smith Jamila , Blankenship Kelly , Allen Junior Lloyd , Goldberg Elimelech , Bluth Martin H. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis exploratory study examined the impact of Heroes Circle, a martial arts‐based curriculum on stress, emotional, and behavioral problems in elementary school children. While students completed classroom surveys at baseline, post‐curriculum surveys were collected from teachers, students, and parents/guardians 2 and 5 months after COVID‐19‐related school shutdowns. Satisfaction with the curriculum was high among those who received the intervention. Children reported increased mindfulness and decreased stress over the school year. Most children (77%) were still using the program's techniques and reporting benefits 5 months later, including lower internalizing symptoms and COVID‐19‐related fears. These patterns were not observed at the control school.
Ranking Tailoring Variables for Constructing Individualized Treatment Rules: An Application to Schizophrenia
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Galanter Nina , Shortreed Susan M. , Moodie Erica E.M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs with many chronic conditions, matching patients with schizophrenia to the best treatment option is difficult. Selecting antipsychotic medication is especially challenging because many of the medications can have burdensome side effects. Adjusting or tailoring medications based on patients’ characteristics could improve symptoms. However, it is often not known which patient characteristics are most helpful for informing treatment selection. In this paper, we address the challenge of identifying and ranking important variables for tailoring treatment decisions. We consider a value-search approach implemented through dynamic marginal structural models to estimate an optimal individualized treatment rule. We apply our methodology to the Clinical Antipsychotics Trial of Intervention and Effectiveness (CATIE) study for schizophrenia, to evaluate if some tailoring variables have greater potential than others for selecting treatments for patients with schizophrenia (Stroup et al., 2003, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, 15–31).
Use of extracorporeal therapy in a dog with heatstroke
Authors: Tracy Alyx , Lynch Alex , Messenger Kristen , Vaden Shelly , Vigani Alessio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of extracorporeal therapy (ECT) in the management of a dog with complications stemming from heatstroke.Case ReviewA 3‐year‐old intact male Rhodesian Ridgeback was presented for heat‐related illness following strenuous exercise. Despite intensive supportive care, the dog developed progressive and refractory hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, neurologic dysfunction, acute kidney injury (AKI), and pulmonary dysfunction. Four ECT sessions were performed in this dog, consisting of 4 intermittent hemodialysis (HD) sessions, the first 2 of which concurrently utilized hemoperfusion with a cytokine adsorption filter. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 were detected in samples collected during the first ECT session. Despite an initial decrease in their concentration, the concentrations of these cytokines ultimately rose over the course of the ECT session. Rapid and sustained glycemic and electrolyte control were achieved after the first ECT session, although AKI and muscle injury persisted. The dog survived to discharge and was nonazotemic 3 months following initial management.New or Unique Information ProvidedHeatstroke is a common, potentially catastrophic, occurrence in dogs. To the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first clinical use of ECT consisting of HD and cytokine adsorption in the management of severe heat‐related illness in a dog. The use of ECT for the management of complications from severe heatstroke in dogs warrants further investigation.
The continued decline of plasma transfusions in Taiwan: An 11‐year population‐based study
Authors: Hsu Ling‐I , Chen Jen‐Wen , Lin Dong‐Tsamn , Wei Sheng‐Tang , Hou Sheng‐Mou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn Taiwan, plasma use per capita ranks among the highest in the world. We aimed to describe the trends in usage after the introduction of new hospital accreditation standards that evaluate compliance with institutional plasma transfusion guidelines.Materials and MethodsWe identified hospitalizations receiving plasma between 2007 and 2017 from the national health insurance database. We estimated plasma transfusions per thousand capita. The risk ratio of transfusion rates among hospitalizations in 2017 compared to 2007 was estimated using logistic regression.ResultsThe total number of plasma transfusions declined from 964,408 in 2007 to 659,828 in 2017, yielding a rate of 28.00 per thousand capita. The proportion of hospitalizations receiving plasma declined by 38%, from 3.89% (95% confidence interval: 3.86%–3.91%) to 2.62% (2.61%–2.64%). Gastroenterology (16.4%) and general surgery (15.3%) accounted for the largest proportions of plasma usage. Within these two services, liver diseases were the top diagnoses needing plasma use. For hospitalized patients with liver diseases, approximately 40% of plasma units were administered to patients with neither noticeable bleeding nor red blood cells transfusions. Among these patients, almost 50% received plasma with an international normalized ratio trigger of less than 1.50. The use of potential alternative therapies or anticoagulants remained quite low during this period.ConclusionPlasma utilization rates during hospitalizations continuously declined over 11 years. However, inappropriate plasma use remained high, while the use of alternative therapies remained low in services such as gastroenterology. To improve the appropriateness of plasma transfusions, patient blood management should be implemented in the near future.