bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketahanan Hidup Bibit Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) Dan Nilai Parameter Kimiawi Lingkungan Pada Media Pemeliharaan Bioflok Dengan Debris Daluga Sebagai Sumber Karbon
Authors: Moko Emma Mauren , Rattu Ferencia Esananda , Sakul Ernest Hanny , Naharia Orbanus , Yalindua Aser , Rawung Livana Dethris 
Published: May 2021

Bioflok adalah teknik budidaya ikan untuk mengelola lingkungan budidaya dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme untuk meningkatkan penggunaan pakan dan sisa hasil metabolisme dengan penambahan sumber karbon organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan hidup bibit ikan mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) dan nilai parameter kimiawi lingkungan pada media pemeliharaan bioflok dengan debris daluga (Crytosperma merkusii) sebagai sumber karbon. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah tanpa bioflok, C:N=15, C:N=20, dan C:N=25. Hewan uji ikan mujair dengan panjang rata-rata 5,5 cm di tebar 10 ekor setiap ember. Parameter yang diamati adalah kualitas air yang meliputi suhu, pH, konduktivitas, dan redoks dan Survival Rate (SR) ikan mujair. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perlakuan terbaik pada C:N=25 dengan persentase SR tertinggi yaitu, 86,67%. Kualitas air selama penelitian ada pada kondisi optimal di setiap perlakuan.
Outcome of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with First-line Chemotherapy
Authors: Chowdhury Zulfia Zinat , Bahar Tamanna , Rahman Shaila , Haque Salina , Islam A K M Mynul , Ali Mohammad , Rahman Md. Mahbubur 
Published: May 2021

Background: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), most common Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) variety, is an aggressive, fast-growing form comprising up to 40% of all cases globally. Objective: To observe the treatment outcome of different subtypes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) after first-line chemotherapy and also the association with IHC, presenting age, sex, and IPI score with outcome. Methodology: This is a retrospective data analysis included all DLBCL patients registered in the department of Haematology of National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH) between July 2016 to June 2019. Results: Total 188 cases were included in this study and mean age was 48 years with a Standard deviation of 15 years with Male (69.1%) predominance. We divide the cases into three different entities of DLBCL [Germinal Centre B-cell like (GCB), Non-GCB and others (NOS) among them Non-GCB variety was the prevalent (47.3%) one. After first line chemotherapy 52.1% complete remission with 7% death was observed in overall outcome. There was no significant difference in outcome among different types of DLBCL after chemotherapy based on Han’s algorithm. Rituximab with CHOP has significantly better outcome than CHOP alone arm (p: 0.021). Conclusion: This limited database study of NICRH will help to ascertain the outcome of DLBCL after first-line chemotherapy in Bangladesh.
Narrowband Observations of Comet 46P/Wirtanen during Its Exceptional Apparition of 2018/19. II. Photometry, Jet Morphology, and Modeling Results
Authors: Knight Matthew M. , Schleicher David G. , Farnham Tony L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report on our extensive photometry and imaging of comet 46P/Wirtanen during its 2018/19 apparition and use these data to constrain the modeling of Wirtanen’s activity. Narrowband photometry was obtained in 9 epochs from 2018 October through 2019 March as well as 10 epochs during the 1991, 1997, and 2008 apparitions. The ensemble photometry reveals a typical composition and a secular decrease in activity since 1991. Production rates were roughly symmetric around perihelion for the carbon-bearing species (CN, C3, and C2), but steeper for OH and NH outbound. Our imaging program emphasized CN, whose coma morphology and lightcurve yielded rotation periods reported in a companion paper (Farnham et al. 2021). Here, we compare the gas and dust morphology on the 18 nights for which observations of additional species were obtained. The carbon-bearing species exhibited similar morphology that varied with rotation. OH and NH had broad, hemispheric brightness enhancements in the tailward direction that did not change significantly with rotation, which we attribute to their originating from a substantial icy grain component. We constructed a Monte Carlo model that replicates the shape, motion, and brightness distribution of the CN coma throughout the apparition with a single, self-consistent solution in principal axis rotation. Our model yields a pole having (R.A., decl.) = 319°, −5° (pole obliquity of 70°) and two large sources (radii of 50° and 40°) centered at near-equatorial latitudes and separated in longitude by ∼160°. Applications of the model to explain observed behaviors are discussed.
Risk factors for patient selection in ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Wu Qiang , Fu Ning , Chen Weiwei , Jin Xueli , He Lei , Mo Chencheng , Chen Jiao , Luo Daoyun , Ma Minkun , Yang Hongqiang , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: May 2021

Backgrounds:
Ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) reduces healthcare cost and increases hospital bed capacity. Currently, there is no consensus on patient selection for ambulatory LC. Evaluation of risk factors for ambulatory discharge is essential.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive patients who underwent LC in our centre throughout 2019 were collected. We evaluated the discharge fitness using the Post-Anaesthetic Discharge Scoring System at 8 h after the operation. The relations between pre-operative variables and dischargeable possibilities were analysed for screening risk factors. Furthermore, we performed a literature review to summarise all published information.

Results:
Six hundred and forty-one cases were included in this study. American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) grading (odds ratio OR = 0.415, P = 0.001) and leucocytes (OR = 0.80, P < 0.001) significantly predicted the fitness of discharge. ASA contributed to lower activity (P = 0.002) and intake/output (P = 0.006) scores. Leucocytes influence the vital sign (P < 0.001) and pain or post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (P < 0.001) scores. The prolonged operation could predict the inabilities of discharge with a cut-off value of 55 min by dropping vital signs (P = 0.011), activity (P < 0.001) and pain or PONV (P = 0.012) scores. Male sex (OR: 1.702, P = 0.010), body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.087, P = 0.008), leucocytes (OR: 1.075, P = 0.017) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR: 1.018, P = 0.003) were predictors for prolonged operation (>55 min).

Conclusions:
We suggest that pre-operative ASA grading III and leucocytes are risk factors for the fitness of ambulatory discharge after LC and intraoperative time. Male, BMI and CRP predict complicated surgery, and they should be considered preoperatively.
Almost disjoint families and ultrapowers
Authors: Anoussis Michalis , Felouzis Vaggelis , Tsaprounis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2021

We prove estimates for the cardinality of set-theoretic ultrapowers in terms of the cardinality of almost disjoint families. Such results are then applied to obtain estimates for the density of ultrapowers of Banach spaces. We focus on the change of the behavior of the corresponding ultrapower when certain ‘‘completeness thresholds’’ of the relevant ultrafilter are crossed. Finally, we also provide an alternative characterization of measurable cardinals.
Production of lactic and acetic acids during fermentation of milk fortified with kiwi juice using Saccharomyces boulardii and lactobacilli
Authors: Mousa Ahmed Hassan , Wang Gang , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the synergistic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and lactobacilli on lactic and acetic acids produced during fermentation of milk fortified with kiwi juice, relative to fermentation of unfortified milk.
Methods: Skimmed milk was fortified with kiwi juice (4 % v/v) and fermented for 12 h at 37 °C by a combination of S. boulardii and lactobacilli strains. Lactic and acetic acids were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS).
Results: The presence of kiwi juice in the milk stimulated the production of lactic (1.35 g/100g) and acetic (0.29 mg/g) by S. boulardii in the absence of lactobacilli. When S. boulardii was inoculated with Lb. casei 20975, the production of lactic acid and acetic acid increased to 2.36 g/100 g and 0.71 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, acid production increased when Lb. plantarum RS (35-11), Lb. casei LCS, and Lb. plantarum JXJ (6 - 12) were inoculated into milk free of kiwi juice in which S. boulardii was grown. Saccharomyces boulardii resulted in marginal production of acids by Lb. fermentum F9.
Conclusion: These results show that acid production is positively affected by some lactobacilli strains in the milk whether fortified with kiwi juice or free of this juice. However, fermentation of these formulations for a period longer than 6 h may result in losses in acid yield.
Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, brain inflammatory response and behavior in mice with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhang Zhaowen , Wang Sisi , Li Chengyan 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To examine the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, intracerebral inflammatory response and ethology in mice with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Methods: Four groups of male C57BL/6 mice (n = 48) were used: normal control, negative control, n3PUFA, and Madopa groups. Except for normal control group, all groups were given 6- hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA) to establish Parkinson’s mice model. The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and calcium-binding protein (CB) in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons were determined with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The contents of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) (indices of intracerebral inflammatory response) were measured. Tremor paralysis, moving grid number, standing times, swimming ability, and the number of rollers in each group were observed as indices of ethology.
Results: The number of TH and CB-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of n-3PUFA-treated mice was significantly increased, relative to those in Madopa-treated mice (p < 0.05). The expressions of TH and CB proteins in substantia nigra in n-3PUFA group were markedly higher than the corresponding expressions in Madopa-treated mice (p < 0.05). Decreased levels of NO, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were seen in 3PUFA group, when compared to mice in Madopa group, but higher behavioral scores were obtained in n-3PUFA-treated mice, relative to Madopa-treated mice (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The n-3PUFAs protect substantia nigra compact dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson’s disease, alleviate immune inflammation, and improve the coordination of limb movement. Thus, n-3PUFAs have potential therapeutic application in the management of Parkinson’s disease.
Optimization of extraction of total flavonoids from Drynaria rhizome, and its effect on osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Yuan Bo , Yu Fang , Song WenJi , Zhao ZhengNan , Liang HaiDong 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To optimize the extraction parameters for total flavonoids of Drynaria rhizome, and determine their effect on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro.
Methods: A 5-level 3-factor central composite design was applied to the optimization of extract yield of total flavonoids from Drynaria rhizome. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design was used to optimize total flavonoids extraction from Drynaria rhizome. The independent factors included extraction temperature (A), extraction time (B) and liquid: solid ratio (C). Moreover, NFATc1, DC-STAMP, cathepsin K and MMP-9 mRNA expressions were determined.
Results: Values obtained were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation with multiple regression analysis using a statistical method. Analysis of variance results indicate that the independent variables influenced total flavonoid extraction from Drynaria rhizome. The optimal conditions for extraction yield were extraction temperature of 75 oC, extraction time of 100 min, and liquid: solid ratio of 107:1. The yield of 5.38 ± 0.62 % was consistent with these optimized conditions, which was an indication of the accuracy of the model. Experiments revealed that total flavonoids from Drynaria rhizome regulated the expression levels of NFATc1, DC-STAMP, cathepsin K and MMP-9 mRNA
Conclusion: This study has successfully optimized the extraction yield of total flavonoids from Drynaria rhizome. The total flavonoids inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Thus, they may be beneficial in the treatment of bone diseases.
Penetration and pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid after dermal administration
Authors: Bai Jie , Yang Chang , Du Shou-Ying , Li Peng-Yue , Dong Bo-yu , Yang Bing , Chen Xiao-nan , Cui Ya-hua 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To study the in vitro penetration and in vivo pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid (FA), and the correlation between them after dermal administration.
Methods: Franz diffusion cell was used to study in vitro penetration of FA. The concentration of FA in the Franz receiver solution was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Prior to in vivo pharmacokinetics experiments, probe recovery was validated with respect to influencing factors such as flow rate, FA concentration, within-day stability and reproducibility of the probes. In in vivo pharmacokinetic experiment, six male CD-1 hairless mice were used. The micro-dialysis (MD) probe was implanted in the dermis of the rat skin, and dialysates from probe outlet were quantified directly by HPLC. In in vivo studies, deconvolution methods were used to determine the relationship between in vitro and in vivo data, and the correlation coefficient of linear equations.
Results: There was significant effect of pH (5 ~ 8) on the penetration of FA. Increase in pH caused commensurate decrease in permeability. The Cmax of FA was 300.74 ± 31.86 ng/mL while Tmax was 138.00 ± 22.80 min after dermal administration of 1 mg/mL FA dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The correlation coefficient (r) between in vitro and in vivo data was 0.9905.
Conclusion: Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that FA permeates the stratum corneum of skin rapidly. The unionized form of FA shows better penetration than the ionic form. In addition, results from correlation analysis indicate that the in vitro penetration characteristics of FA can be applied to predict its in vivo pharmacokinetics.
Association of CYP2C19*2 and *17 genetic variants with hypertension in Pakistani population
Authors: Riaz Sana , Mansoor Atika , Siddiqi Saima , Tareen Muhammad Usman , Rubab Sana , Batool Ayesha , Anwarullah  , Sultan Aneesa 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the association of *2 and *17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP2C19 gene with hypertension in Pakistani population.
Methods: The study was conducted on 527 hypertensive patients and 530 unrelated healthy controls from selected regions of Pakistan. DNA was extracted from leukocytes and all patients and controls were genotyped for two SNPs (rs4244285 and rs12248560) of CYP2C19 gene by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR).
Results: Multi-allelic polymorphism in CYP2C19 identified four distinct phenotypes known as ultra-rapid metabolizer (UM), extensive metabolizer (EM), intermediate metabolizer (IM) and poor metabolizer (PM) in hypertensive patients and controls. For CYP2C19*2 polymorphisms, overall wild type and mutant allele frequency were 75 and 25 % in hypertensive patients, and 64.2 and 35.8 % in controls. For CYP2C19*17 polymorphisms, the overall wild type and mutant allele frequency were 66.6 and 33.4 % in hypertensive patients and 75.6 % and 24.4 % in controls. Significant difference in allele frequencies for CYP2C19*2 and *17 was demonstrated between hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on CYP2C19 frequencies in hypertensive Pakistani patients. The finds should help clinicians to determine a suitable optimal dosage of some drugs in order to reduce side effects.
3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol attenuates cadmium-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rat heart
Authors: Huang Yan , Gang Hongsheng , Liang Bitao , Li Ming 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effect of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) on cadmium (Cd) induced cardiotoxicity in murine model.
Methods: Four groups of rats were used in this study (n = 6). The rats were treated with DOPET and Cd for 28 days. Biochemical parameters were determined in plasma and heart tissue homogenates.
Results: Cadmium (Cd) significantly increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. However, DOPET treatment significantly attenuated Cd-induced oxidative stress. Cd intoxication significantly increased cardiac markers {creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin-I} levels in plasma, and reduced the levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase Gpx ,glutathione (GSH) and malndialdehyde (MDA) in heart tissue. These Cdinduced changes in cardiac markers and antioxidants were reversed by DOPET treatment. Cd treatment led to upregulation of protein expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and Il-6). However, DOPET supplementation brought about a decrease in the protein expressions of these cytokines. Western blot analysis revealed that Cd induced apoptosis in cardiac tissue, as was evident from alterations in protein expressions of the apoptotic inducers, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. However, DOPET treatment effectively reversed Cd-induced apoptosis.
Conclusion: These results indicate that DOPET exerts cardio-protective effect against Cd-induced toxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
Inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine combined with propranolol on murine hemangioma endothelial cells
Authors: Jin Wan-Wan , Wu Jian-Ming , Tong Yi , Jiang Ji-Cong , Quan Hehe , Gao Yu 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To study the inhibitory effect of different doses of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) combined with the beta-blocker, propranolol (Pro) on hemangioma endothelial (EOMA) cells.
Methods: EOMA cells were cultured in vitro with varying doses of TMP and Pro (5, 10, 20 and 40 uM). The effect of treatments on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, while cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, p-mTOR), total-mammalian target of rapamycin (t-mTOR, p-p70S6) and total-p70 ribosomal protein S6 (t-p70S6) proteins were determined using Western blot.
Results: MTT data showed that when used alone, TMP had no significant inhibitory effect on EOMA cells (p > 0.05). However, when TMP was combined with propranolol, there was significant inhibition of EOMA cells, and that the inhibition is dependent on TMP dose. Flow cytometry results showed that the combination of TMP and Pro induced EOMA cell apoptosis dose-dependently (p < 0.05). Moreover, TMP dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6 in EOMA cells, and enhanced Bax expression, but downregulated Bcl-2 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that TMP enhances the inhibitory influence of Pro p-mTOR and pp-70S6 in EOMA cells in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, TMP may enhance Pro-induced inhibition of the growth of endothelial cells, and promote apoptosis through suppression of activation of PI3K/AKT signal route. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of TMP/Pro combination for the treatment of hemangioma.
Investing in Human Resources as a Platform for National Security in Nigeria: The Role of Social Studies Education
Authors: Onyeatoelu Okobia Ayodele 
Published: May 2021

Nigeria’s political elites have toyed with the pathway to Nigeria’s national security, and therefore, placed Nigeria and her people on a perpetual developmental backwardness. Sadly, Nigeria, the supposed giant of Africa has been weighed down by the challenge of corruption, as well as insecurity. The deficiency in human capital development in Nigeria today is exerting untold pressure on her national development plans, policies and programmes. The development of human resource s isindispensable for the developmental strive of any continent or nation. Hence, the inability of the Nigerian state to fully actualize her human capital development drive calls for concern. The aim of this article, therefore, is to investigate into the indispensability of investing human capital development in fostering national security in Nigeria. Social studies education is an instrument for renewal of some societal practices that constitute obstacles to national security and development. Consequently, this paper will examine the place of social studies education in the context of Nigeria for national security. The roles social studies education could play in producing good citizens, who could assist in no small measure in tackling this complex problem of national insecurity in Nigeria were discussed. In conclusion, the paper has logically established the fact that, there is significant correlation between social studies education and human capital development. Finally, workable recommendations are given, among them is that government should lay more emphasis on the teaching of social studies at all levels of its educational system - to foster moral development in youths
Keywords: National Security, Human Resources, Social Studies Education, Investment.
Restructuring, National Security and Nigeria’s Relationship with the External World
Authors: Pally Agidi Ejime 
Published: May 2021

Nigeria as a nation has been experiencing security challenges at alarming level in the last few years. This has taken various forms such as kidnapping from ransom, herders and farmers clashes, organized crimes, and cybercrimes, implosive movement of small and light arms. Trans border crimes, human trafficking, and slavery among others. This has affected Nigeria’s external relations with the outside world negatively in various ways, such as constriction of bilateral trade volume, cold diplomatic relations, low tourism attraction, low educational exchang e, reduction of military trainings abroad, refusal of arms purchase, low foreign investments among others. The diversity nature of the Nigerian state stands a gap in finding solutions to the myriads of problems as Nigeria’s image abroad has been dented badly. Restructuring the Nigerian state in various spheres has been the agitation of many Nigerians in the recent time. This paper therefore examines restructuring the Nigerian state, National security and its implications on her relationship with the external world. It is a qualitative paper that focused on secondary sources of information, and adopted structural functional theory as its framework of analysis. The paper argued that restructuring the political structures in Nigeria will advance quality security in Nigeria. It is the opinion of the paper that improves security in the country will enhance robust Nigerian’s relationship with the external world. The paper recommended among others, the restructuring of political economic and social structures through the instrument and legitimacy of national conference. This has to be backed by legislations from the national and state assembly.
Keywords: Restructuring, External Relationships, National Security, Political Structure, National Conference