bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bangladesh Maternal Health Voucher Scheme: impact on completeness of antenatal care provision
Authors: Mia Mohammad Nahid , Mahmood Shehrin Shaila , Iqbal Mohammad , Bhuiya Abbas , Pallikadavath Saseendran , Stones William 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess completeness of antenatal care coverage following implementation of a voucher scheme for maternal health in Bangladesh. The investigation used interview data from a survey conducted in Bangladesh in 2017 of 2400 randomly selected women aged 15–49 with children aged 0–23 months in four geographical areas where voucher scheme implementation was underway. Of these women, 1944 had attended at least one antenatal clinic visit so were included in the analysis. A ‘completeness index’ for antenatal visits was constructed as an outcome variable based on recall of thirteen elements of care. Bivariate analysis against independent variables of interest was carried out and multivariate linear regression models developed to examine the influence of voucher scheme participation on completeness of antenatal care adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Voucher scheme membership was associated with higher ‘completeness index’ scores, with a mean score of 185.2±101.0 for voucher recipients and 139.6 ± 93.3 for non-recipients (p<0.001). Scheme membership reduced the differentials associated with health facility type and socioeconomic status. Women from the lowest socioeconomic group who were voucher recipients received substantially more components of antenatal care (mean score: 159.6±82.1) compared with non-recipients (mean score: 115.7±83.0). This favourable effect of voucher scheme membership on the most vulnerable socioeconomic group remained significant after adjusting for educational status. The Bangladesh voucher scheme model has the potential to maximize gains in maternal and newborn health through enhancing the completeness of service provision.
Trapped into Reverse Asymmetry: Public Employment Services Dealing with Employers
Authors: RASPANTI DARIO , SARUIS TATIANA 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough often neglected, the availability of employment opportunities is central to the effectiveness of active labour market policies. Employers play a crucial role in this policy field as they are both clients and co-producers of public employment services (PES). This study focuses on that relationship and reports qualitative research conducted in Tuscany (central Italy) from a street-level perspective. The findings show how public job-brokers manage this asymmetrical relationship and develop specific strategies to obtain employers’ cooperation and accomplish the PES mandate. The strategies identified here involve language adaptation, curricula “creaming”, and control of the bureaucratic procedure. These are shaped through a variable mix of four components that will be defined as relational, perceptive, technical, and tactical. This study contributes to the debate on activation policies, analysing in detail how PES frontline workers interact with employers, dealing with market logic in the public encounter.
ON PROJECTIVE MANIFOLDS WITH PSEUDO-EFFECTIVE TANGENT BUNDLE
Authors: Hosono Genki , Iwai Masataka , Matsumura Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we develop the theory of singular Hermitian metrics on vector bundles. As an application, we give a structure theorem of a projective manifold X with pseudo-effective tangent bundle; X admits a smooth fibration
$X \to Y$
to a flat projective manifold Y such that its general fibre is rationally connected. Moreover, by applying this structure theorem, we classify all the minimal surfaces with pseudo-effective tangent bundle and study general nonminimal surfaces, which provide examples of (possibly singular) positively curved tangent bundles.
Constraints on the Geometry of the Subducted Gorda Plate From Converted Phases Generated by Local Earthquakes
Authors: Gong Jianhua , McGuire Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe largest slip in great megathrust earthquakes often occurs in the 10–30 km depth range, yet seismic imaging of the material properties in this region has proven difficult. We utilize a dense onshore‐offshore passive seismic dataset from the southernmost Cascadia subduction zone where seismicity in the mantle of the subducted Gorda Plate produces S‐to‐P and P‐to‐S conversions generated within a few km of the plate interface. These conversions typically occur in the 10–20 km depth range at either the top or bottom of a ∼5 km thick layer with a high Vp/Vs that we infer to be primarily the subducted crust. We use their arrival times and amplitudes to infer the location of the top and bottom of the subducted crust as well as the velocity contrasts across these discontinuities. Comparing with both the Slab1.0 and the updated Slab2 interface models, the Slab2 model is generally consistent with the converted phases, while the Slab1.0 model is 1–2 km deeper in the 2–20 km depth range and ∼6–8 km too deep in the 10–20 km depth range between 40.25°N and 40.4°N. Comparing the amplitudes of the converted phases to synthetics for simplified velocity structures, the amplitude of the converted phases requires models containing a ∼5 km thick zone with at least a ∼10%–20% reduction in S wave velocity. Thus, the plate boundary is likely contained within or at the top of this low velocity zone, which potentially indicates a significant porosity and fluid content within the seismogenic zone.
Regulation of Bcl-XL by non-canonical NF-κB in the context of CD40-induced drug resistance in CLL
Authors: Haselager Marco , Thijssen Rachel , West Christopher , Young Louise , Van Kampen Roel , Willmore Elaine , Mackay Simon , Kater Arnon , Eldering Eric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the lymph node (LN) microenvironment delivers critical survival signals by inducing the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 members Bcl-XL, Bfl-1, and Mcl-1, resulting in apoptosis blockade. We determined previously that resistance against various drugs, among which is the clinically applied BH3 mimetic venetoclax, is dominated by upregulation of the anti-apoptotic regulator Bcl-XL. Direct clinical targeting of Bcl-XL by, e.g., Navitoclax is however not desirable due to induction of thrombocytopenia. Since the actual regulation of Bcl-XL in CLL in the context of the LN microenvironment is not well elucidated, we investigated various candidate LN signals to drive Bcl-XL expression. We found a dominance for NF-κB signaling upon CD40 stimulation, which results in activation of both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways. We demonstrate that expression of Bcl-XL is first induced by the canonical NF-κB pathway, and subsequently boosted and continued via non-canonical NF-κB signaling through stabilization of NIK. NF-κB subunits p65 and p52 can both bind to the Bcl-XL promoter and activate transcription upon CD40 stimulation. Moreover, canonical NF-κB signaling was correlated with Bfl-1 expression, whereas Mcl-1 in contrast, was not transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB. Finally, we applied a novel compound targeting NIK to selectively inhibit the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and showed that venetoclax-resistant CLL cells were sensitized to venetoclax. In conclusion, protective signals from the CLL microenvironment can be tipped towards apoptosis sensitivity by interfering with non-canonical NF-κB signaling.
Pan-cancer analysis of transcripts encoding novel open-reading frames (nORFs) and their potential biological functions
Authors: Erady Chaitanya , Boxall Adam , Puntambekar Shraddha , Suhas Jagannathan N. , Chauhan Ruchi , Chong David , Meena Narendra , Kulkarni Apurv , Kasabe Bhagyashri , Prathivadi Bhayankaram Kethaki , Umrania Yagnesh , Andreani Adam , Nel Jean , Wayland Matthew T. , Pina Cristina , Lilley Kathryn S. , Prabakaran Sudhakaran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUncharacterized and unannotated open-reading frames, which we refer to as novel open reading frames (nORFs), may sometimes encode peptides that remain unexplored for novel therapeutic opportunities. To our knowledge, no systematic identification and characterization of transcripts encoding nORFs or their translation products in cancer, or in any other physiological process has been performed. We use our curated nORFs database (nORFs.org), together with RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Expression (GTEx) consortiums, to identify transcripts containing nORFs that are expressed frequently in cancer or matched normal tissue across 22 cancer types. We show nORFs are subject to extensive dysregulation at the transcript level in cancer tissue and that a small subset of nORFs are associated with overall patient survival, suggesting that nORFs may have prognostic value. We also show that nORF products can form protein-like structures with post-translational modifications. Finally, we perform in silico screening for inhibitors against nORF-encoded proteins that are disrupted in stomach and esophageal cancer, showing that they can potentially be targeted by inhibitors. We hope this work will guide and motivate future studies that perform in-depth characterization of nORF functions in cancer and other diseases.
Nutrients exported from upland stream water enlarge perennial biomass crops
Authors: Chiwa Masaaki , Utsumi Yasuhiro , Tashiro Naoaki , Yasuda Yuko , Shinozuka Ken’ichi , Ru Yang , Nagano Nao , Murata Shusuke , Nakamura Takuma , Yamauchi Kohei , Kabemura Yuji , Ando Tatsuro , Sawamura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRawanbuki, a variety of Japanese butterbur (Petasites japonicus subsp. giganteus), grow naturally along the Rawan River, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Most plants reach 2–3 m in height and 10 cm in diameter in 2 months and are much larger than those grown along other rivers. We examined the hypothesis that nutrients exported from upland streams enhance the growth of the Rawanbuki. Nutrient concentrations, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and base cations, in the Rawan River were much higher than those in rivers of adjacent watersheds. High nutrient concentrations and moisture contents were found in soil along the Rawan River and a significant relationship was found between physicochemical soil conditions and aboveground biomass of butterburs. This indicates that extremely large Rawanbuki plants could be caused by these high nutrient concentrations and moisture contents in the soils. A manipulation experiment showed that fertilization simulated the growth environment along the Rawan River and enhanced the stem height and stem diameter of butterburs. This study concluded that the extremely large butterburs are caused by a large amount of nutrients exported from upland areas. These results are the first demonstration of the role of stream water nutrients in enlarging agricultural crops.
Negative regulators of TGF-β1 signaling in renal fibrosis; pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Gifford Cody C. , Tang Jiaqi , Costello Angelica , Khakoo Nidah S. , Nguyen Tri Q. , Goldschmeding Roel , Higgins Paul J. , Samarakoon Rohan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Elevated expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is causatively linked to kidney fibrosis progression initiated by diabetic, hypertensive, obstructive, ischemic and toxin-induced injury. Therapeutically relevant approaches to directly target the TGF-β1 pathway (e.g., neutralizing antibodies against TGF-β1), however, remain elusive in humans. TGF-β1 signaling is subjected to extensive negative control at the level of TGF-β1 receptor, SMAD2/3 activation, complex assembly and promoter engagement due to its critical role in tissue homeostasis and numerous pathologies. Progressive kidney injury is accompanied by the deregulation (loss or gain of expression) of several negative regulators of the TGF-β1 signaling cascade by mechanisms involving protein and mRNA stability or epigenetic silencing, further amplifying TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling and fibrosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 6 and 7 (BMP6/7), SMAD7, Sloan–Kettering Institute proto-oncogene (Ski) and Ski-related novel gene (SnoN), phosphate tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein phosphatase magnesium/manganese dependent 1A (PPM1A) and Klotho are dramatically decreased in various nephropathies in animals and humans albeit with different kinetics while the expression of Smurf1/2 E3 ligases are increased. Such deregulations frequently initiate maladaptive renal repair including renal epithelial cell dedifferentiation and growth arrest, fibrotic factor (connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), TGF-β1) synthesis/secretion, fibroproliferative responses and inflammation. This review addresses how loss of these negative regulators of TGF-β1 pathway exacerbates renal lesion formation and discusses the therapeutic value in restoring the expression of these molecules in ameliorating fibrosis, thus, presenting novel approaches to suppress TGF-β1 hyperactivation during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.
Improving the supply of forage and staple food of smallholder farmers in therural marginal dry land of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Kana Hau Debora , Nulik Jacob 
Published: January 2021

Cattle and corn are important for small farmers in west Timor.
However, owing to the lack of proper technologies, marginal lands and erratic rainfalls, productivity of both are low. To improve the productivity, a conservation agriculture approach was demonstrated during 2017-2019 at Camplong II village, on a marginal land with shallow top soil, rocky formation, with existing corn production of <1 ton/ha. The technology package in 2019, includes: (i) hedges of Leucaena leucocephala (planted at 2 m within the row and 4 m between the rows), (ii) Deep planting hole (40 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm) filled with mixtures of soil and cattle manure, (iii) planting of grass within the rows of Leucaena, (iv) cover crop legumes: cow pea, Clitoria ternatea, and Mucuna holtonii while using corn stover and cattle refusals as mulches. Forage was obtained from Leucaena and the grass, while herbaceous legumes were left uncut. The results include: (i) year round supply of high quality forage, (ii) improved the daily weight gain of fattening cattle (0.2 to 0.3 - 0.6 kg/head/day), (iii) reduced calves mortality down to 0%, (iv) and increased corn yield to 5 ton/ha and a second crop harvest as green corn.
Analysis of Peanut Farming in The 3rd Planting Season in Pemalang Ditrict, Indonesia
Authors: Dyah Arianti Forita , Nurwahyuni Endah , Minarsih Sri , Faizal Amri Aldicky 
Published: January 2021

Peanuts are regarded as the second most important commodity after soybeans which have quite high economic value. Its production tends to decrease every year due to the reduction in planting areas. Meanwhile, the rainfed paddy fields land in Central Java is quite potential, thus its utilization can be used as an alternative to developing peanut. Accordingly, this study aims to find out the level of income and feasibility of peanut farming in Tegalsari Barat, Ampelgading Subdistrict, Pemalang District, Indonesia. The sampling was performed using purposive random sampling method with a total of 22 people. The level of profit could be found by using the return cost ratio (R/C ratio). The results indicated that during one planting season, the average cost was IDR 12,647,000 ha-1. The average production of peanut was 4,600 kg ha-1 wet pods with a selling price at farm level of IDR 8,500, so the average revenue was IDR 39,100,000 ha-1.
The analysis of R/C feasibility showing the value of 3.09 (R/C > 1) indicates that peanut farming in the 3rd Planting Season (PS-3) in Pemalang District is feasible to be cultivated.
Arthroscopic Debridement and Arthrolysis for the Treatment of Advanced Kienböck's Disease: 18-Month and 5-Year Postoperative Results
Authors: Ayik Omer , Demirel Mehmet , Turgut Necmettin , Altas Okyar , Durmaz Hayati 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Salvage procedures, such as proximal row carpectomy, limited or total wrist arthrodesis, and wrist replacement, are generally preferred to treat advanced Kienböck's disease. However, these procedures are particularly aggressive and may have unpredictable results and potentially significant complications.
Questions/Purpose This study aimed to present the short- to mid-term clinical and functional results of arthroscopic debridement and arthrolysis in the management of advanced Kienböck's disease.
Patients and Methods Fifteen patients in whom Lichtman Stages IIIA to IIIC or IV Kienböck's disease was diagnosed and treated by arthroscopic wrist debridement and arthrolysis were included in this retrospective study. The mean age was 30 years (range: 21–45). The mean follow-up period duration was 36 months (range: 18–60). The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, visual analog scale (VAS), wrist range of motion (ROM), and grip strength were measured preoperatively and then again at the final follow-up visit.
Results The mean DASH and VAS scores improved from 41 (range: 31–52) and 7.1 (range: 6–8) preoperatively to 13 (range: 8–21) and 2 (range: 0–3; p < 0.001) at the final follow-up visit, respectively. The mean wrist flexion and extension values increased from 32 (range: 20–60 degrees) and 56 degrees (range: 30–70 degrees; p = 0.009) preoperatively to 34 (range: 10–65 degrees; p = 0.218) and 57 degrees (range: 30–70 degrees; p = 0.296) at the final follow-up appointment, respectively, although these findings were statistically insignificant. The mean strength of the hand grip increased from 22.7 (range: 9–33) to 23.3 (range: 10–34; p = 0.372).
Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement and arthrolysis may improve wrist function and quality of life due to the preserved ROM and hand grip strength after short- to mid-term follow-up periods despite the radiographic progression of Kienböck's disease.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, retrospective case series study.
Improvement of Nemadectin Production by Overexpressing the Regulatory Gene nemR and Nemadectin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Streptomyces Cyaneogriseus
Authors: Wu Yuan-Jie , Yang Song-Bai , Zhang Zheng-Yu , Chen Shao-Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNemadectin, a 16-member macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic antibiotic, is produced by Streptomyces cyaneogriseus subspecies noncyanogenus. Moxidectin, a C-23 oximate derivative of nemadectin, is widely used as a pesticide due to its broad-spectrum, highly efficient, and safe anthelmintic activity. NemR, a LAL family regulator, is encoded by nemR and is involved in nemadectin biosynthesis in S. cyaneogriseus. In this report, gene disruption and complementation experiments showed that nemR plays a positive role in the biosynthesis of nemadectin. The transcription level of nemadectin biosynthetic genes in the nemR knockout strain was significantly decreased compared with those in the wild-type strain MOX-101. However, overexpression of nemR under the control of native or strong constitutive promoters resulted in the opposite, increasing the production of nemadectin by 56.5 or 73.5%, respectively, when compared with MOX-101. In addition, the gene cluster of nemadectin biosynthesis was further cloned and overexpressed using a CRISPR method, which significantly increase nemadectin yield by 108.6% (509 mg/L) when compared with MOX-101.
Estimating computational limits on theoretical descriptions of biological cells
Authors: Netz Roland R. , Eaton William A. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
This work addresses a new and important question concerning biological complexity. What is the level of biological complexity that can be theoretically described in molecular detail? Simple algebraic equations are presented that determine the computational time required to simulate simplified molecular models for a single cell, the genetically simplest bacterium, and the most important and interesting multicellular system, the human brain. The results place limits on when, if ever, such theoretical descriptions will be possible.
Support for Nationalization and State Building in the Early American Republic
Authors: Zug Charles U. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHouse deliberations over healthcare legislation in 1798 show members of the Fifth US Congress debating the constitutional basis of small government assumptions about states’ rights and federal power, asking why the regime’s principles should not be understood as requiring direct federal intervention in the lives of socially and economically vulnerable groups irrespective of states’ authority. Extending the current scholarly debate over nationalization and state building in early American thought, I suggest that questions alleged by many scholars to have been excluded from political and constitutional debate in the early republic were, in cases like this, robustly contested.
Trend Analysis of Hybrid Small-hydro Generation Systems in Rural Areas
Authors: Ping Qing , Ting Ni , Liu Shi , Meilin Ye 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The hybrid power generation technology of small hydropower and wind or solar energy is one of the trends of small hydropower technology transfer, which can effectively improve the quality of power generation and enhance the permeability of renewable energy. This paper proposes a document mining system, which uses Citespace to visually analyse the keywords of small hydropower, and selects the small hydropower hybrid power generation system to occupy an important position in the current power generation technology. Secondly, using the same method to construct the keyword network diagram of small-scale hydro-wind complementary power generation technology and small-scale hydroelectric hybrid power generation technology, it is found that these two kinds of technologies are the focus of research in recent years, and they are still in the stage of fierce competition, it is hoped that more in-depth research can be carried out through a variety of clustering methods.
Characteristic and Utilization Applicability Analysis of Fly Ash in Coal-fired Power Plant
Authors: Jin Shengxiang , Pan Haibin , Wei Guanghong , Zhao Zhihong , Quan Yongsheng , Jiang Long 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A coal-fired power plant in Northwest China was selected to evaluate the way and scope of comprehensive utilization of fly ash, through the detection of various properties of fly ash, the local industrial and transportation conditions, so as to provide guidance for the comprehensive utilization of fly ash. The fly ash of the coal-fired power plant can be used for filling and soil restoration, but the soil environment monitoring and agricultural products collaborative monitoring should be strengthened; due to incomplete combustion of the boiler; the fly ash does not meet the preparation conditions of ceramsite; it can be used for making silicate products such as bricks and for road subgrade construction; it has the potential to extract carbon particles and magnetic beads, but not to extract Al2O3 and SiO2; it meets the requirements of radioactivity, and the way of use is not restricted by reflection; it can be used for the preparation of new materials such as environmental adsorption; it can be transported to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province carried by railway.