bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative research interviews using online video technology – challenges and opportunities
Authors: de Villiers Charl , Farooq Muhammad Bilal , Molinari Matteo 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the methodological and method-related challenges and opportunities arising from the use of video interviews in qualitative accounting research, focussed on collecting contextual data and visual cues, enriching communication quality and building and maintaining rapport with interviewees.

Design/methodology/approach
Prior literature and the authors’ experiences using video technologies for research, including conducting interviews, inform this research. This study uses a transactional conceptual refinement of information richness theory and channel expansion theory to critically analyse the challenges and opportunities of using video technology to conduct qualitative research interviews.

Findings
The ability, need for and significance of collecting contextual data depend on the researchers’ ontological and epistemological assumptions, and are, therefore, influenced by their research design choices. Video technology enables researchers to view research settings by video. In addition, whilst group/panel interviews have their advantages, it is often difficult to get everyone together in person, something video technology can potentially overcome. The feasibility and the quality of video interviews can be improved if both interview participants are experienced with using video technology, as well as with judicious investment in good quality video technology and through testing and practice. We also discuss how rapport building with interviewees can be facilitated by overcoming the video’s sense of disconnect and enhancing interviewees’ willingness to engage.

Originality/value
The study builds on the limited prior literature and considers the challenges and opportunities related to methodology and method when conducting video-based qualitative interviews in accounting research. Broadly, qualitative researchers will find the paper useful in considering the use of video interviews and in making research design choices appropriate for video interviews.
The integrated MHD thermal performance with slip conditions on metachronal propulsion: the engineering material for biomedical applications
Authors: Imran Naveed , Javed Maryiam 
Published: October 2021

PurposeParticular attention is given to the viscous damping force parameter, stiffness parameter, rigidity parameter, and Brinkman number and plotted their graph for thermal distribution, momentum profile and concentration profile.Design/methodology/approachIn the field of engineering, biologically inspired propulsion systems are getting the utmost importance. Keeping in view their developmental progress, the present study was made. The theoretical analysis explores the effect of heat and mass transfer on non-Newtonian Sisko fluid with slip effects and transverse magnetic field in symmetric compliant channel. Using low Reynolds number, so that the authors neglect inertial forces and for keeping the pressure constant during the flow, channel height is used largely as compared to the ratio of wavelength. The governing equations of fluid flow problem are solved using the perturbation analysis.FindingsResults are considered for thickening, thinning and viscous nature of fluid models. It is found that the velocity distribution profile is boosted for increasing values of the Sisko fluid parameter and porous effect, while thermal profile is reducing for Brinkman number (viscous dissipation effects) for all cases. Moreover, shear-thicken and shear-thinning behavior of non-Newtonian Sisko fluid is also explained through the graphs.Originality/valueHear-thicken and shear-thinning behavior of non-Newtonian Sisko fluid is also explained through the graphs.
The significance of biofilms to human, animal, plant and ecosystem health
Authors: Sentenac Hugo , Loyau Adeline , Leflaive Joséphine , Schmeller Dirk S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Biofilms are matrix‐enclosed communities that represent the most dominant and active mode of microbial life on Earth. Because biofilms are inherently more productive than any equivalent planktonic community, they are of great relevance to all environments they inhabit. However, their existence and importance are still poorly known by the general public, conservation practitioners and environmental policymakers.

Most micro‐organisms of multicellular organisms (including humans, animals and plants) occur in the form of true biofilms or biofilm‐like structures that play vital roles in their development, physiology and immunity. Conversely, some biofilms can have a negative effect on host health.

Biofilms growing on non‐biological surfaces are essential components of many terrestrial and marine ecosystems: they form the basis of food webs and ensure nutrient cycling and bioremediation in natural systems. However, environmental biofilms can promote the persistence of human pathogens, produce harmful toxins, foul and corrode surfaces in natural and man‐made settings; all of which can have significant health and economic implications.

There is a knowledge gap about the roles of biofilms in the epidemiology of wildlife emerging infectious diseases, yet these pose a major threat to public health, biodiversity and sustainability. The drivers of global environmental change all affect biofilm structure and functions. The consequences for host and ecosystem health are, however, poorly understood. While the concept of a healthy microbiome (as opposed to dysbiosis) is emerging in medicine and conservation biology, the concept of a healthy biofilm remains to be defined in environmental sciences.

Here, we use an integrative approach to (a) review current knowledge on the roles of biofilms growing on biological and non‐biological interfaces for the health of multicellular organisms and ecosystems, and (b) provide future research directions to address identified knowledge gaps. Giving the biofilm life‐form its full importance will help understand the effects of global environmental change on these communities and, in turn, on human, animal, plant and ecosystem health.
Global warming and polarization. Wind turbines and the electoral success of the greens and the populist radical right
Authors: OTTENI CYRILL , WEISSKIRCHER MANÈS 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe increased salience of environmental concerns, first and foremost global warming, is one of the key developments of contemporary Western European politics. Still, the effects of global warming issues on electoral outcomes, party competition and polarization remain poorly understood. Our article shows how the construction of wind turbines fuels conflict between its key proponents and opponents, Green and populist radical right parties. Contention over the issue contributes to the electoral success of both sides and therefore reinforces the new central divide between them. Drawing on a novel dataset, we investigate the impact of the construction of wind turbines on Alternative für Deutschland and Green party electoral success in Germany. We employ a two‐way fixed effects model, where the construction of wind turbines functions as the independent variable. We show that the construction of wind turbines boosts the electoral support of both their biggest supporters and their biggest opponents. Our results have important implications for understanding contemporary political conflict in Western Europe such as the electoral rise of the Greens and the populist radical right, the importance of issue salience and the polarization of party systems.
Returns on investment to the British bovine tuberculosis control programme
Authors: Schaefer K. Aleks , Scheitrum Daniel P. , van Winden Steven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the animal health arena, government‐mandated testing, herd movement restrictions, and culling of reactor (infected) animals are common practices in the midst of an infectious disease outbreak. These policies create a significant economic trade‐off—on one hand, such control efforts represent a public good by reducing the negative externality of private actions associated with the transmission of infectious disease; on the other hand, they impose substantial economic costs on the affected farms. This paper empirically evaluates the economic trade‐offs created by disease control efforts in the context of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Great Britain. We find that—in this context—government control efforts are clearly cost‐effective. Mandatory testing, imposition of movement restrictions on infected herds, and culling of reactor animals generate an annual external value of approximately £152 million to the British beef sector with a social return‐on‐investment of 3.46. Moreover, coupled compensation averts approximately 75% of the farm exits that would otherwise have resulted from these policies.
Role of blue‐light cystoscopy in detecting invasive bladder tumours: data from a multi‐institutional registry
Authors: Ahmadi Hamed , Ladi‐Seyedian Seyedeh Sanam , Konety Badrinath , Pohar Kamal , Holzbeierlein Jeffrey M. , Kates Max , Willard Brian , Taylor Jennifer M. , Liao Joseph C. , Kaimakliotis Hristos Z. , Porten Sima P. , Steinberg Gary D. , Tyson Mark D. , Lotan Yair , Daneshmand Siamak ,   the Blue Light Cystoscopy with Cysview Registry Group
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the role of blue‐light cystoscopy (BLC) in detecting invasive tumours that were not visible on white‐light cystoscopy (WLC).Patients and MethodsUsing the multi‐institutional Cysview registry database, patients who had at least one white‐light negative (WL–)/blue‐light positive (BL+) lesion with invasive pathology (≥T1) as highest stage tumour were identified. All WL–/BL+ lesions and all invasive tumours in the database were used as denominators. Relevant baseline and outcome data were collected.ResultsOf the 3514 lesions (1257 unique patients), 818 (23.2%) lesions were WL−/BL+, of those, 55 (7%) lesions were invasive (48 T1, seven T2; 47 unique patients) including 28/55 (51%) de novo invasive lesions (26 unique patients). In all, 21/47 (45%) patients had WL−/BL+ concommitant carcinoma in situ and/or another T1 lesions. Of 22 patients with a WL−/BL+ lesion who underwent radical cystectomy (RC), high‐risk pathological features leading to RC was only visible on BLC in 18 (82%) patients. At time of RC, 11/22 (50%) patients had pathological upstaging including four (18%) with node‐positive disease.ConclusionsA considerable proportion of invasive lesions are only detectable by BLC and the rate of pathological upstaging is significant. Our present findings suggest an additional benefit of BLC in the detection of invasive bladder tumours that has implications for treatment approach.
Electrical neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic pruritus: A systematic review
Authors: Badwy Moustafa , Baart Sara J. , Thio Hok B. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. , de Vos Cecile C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractApproximately one fifth of the world population experiences continuous itch for 6 weeks or more during their life, that is chronic itch. It is diverse in its aetiologies, and it is notoriously hard to treat. Because itch and pain have largely overlapping pathophysiology and the demonstrated efficacy of neurostimulation in treatment of selected chronic pain conditions, we conducted a systematic review to investigate whether neurostimulation could be an effective treatment for chronic itch. We identified two randomized controlled trials and 17 open label studies or case reports investigating various neurostimulation modalities for the treatment of refractory itch of various aetiologies. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was the most investigated modality (n = 17), and in the largest number of conditions. Other modalities were cutaneous field stimulation (n = 2), painscrambler (n = 1), transcranial direct current stimulation (n = 1) and peripheral nerve field stimulation (n = 1). Atopic dermatitis was the most studied condition (n = 5). Despite the large heterogeneity in used stimulation paradigms and outcome parameters, all studies reported a positive effect of at least one neurostimulation modality. Our review indicates that electrical neurostimulation could be considered for the treatment of refractory chronic itch of selected aetiologies, such as atopic dermatitis or burn pruritus. However, better understanding of the mechanisms of action of the neurostimulation modalities and regimens in various pruritic conditions is necessary.
Viral suppression after transition from nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐ to dolutegravir‐based antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort study in Lesotho (DO‐REAL study)
Authors: Brown Jennifer A. , Nsakala Bienvenu L. , Mokhele Kuena , Rakuoane Itumeleng , Muhairwe Josephine , Urda Lorena , Amstutz Alain , Tschumi Nadine , Klimkait Thomas , Labhardt Niklaus D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesSince 2018, the World Health Organization has recommended dolutegravir (DTG)‐containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for most people living with HIV. Country programmes across Africa have subsequently transitioned from other, mostly nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based ART to DTG‐based ART. This study aims to assess the virological impact of programmatic transitioning to DTG‐based ART in Lesotho.MethodsThe prospective Dolutegravir in Real‐Life in Lesotho (DO‐REAL) cohort enrols people living with HIV initiating or transitioning to DTG‐based ART in Lesotho. Here, we present data from participants who transitioned from NNRTI‐ to DTG‐based ART between February and December 2020. Blood samples collected at transition and at 16 weeks’ follow‐up (window 8–32 weeks) were used for viral load (VL) and resistance testing.ResultsAmong 1347 participants, follow‐up data was available for 1225. The majority (60%) were female, median age at transition was 47 years [interquartile range (IQR): 38–56], and median (IQR) time since ART initiation was 5.9 (3.5–9.0) years. Among those with complete VL data, the rate of viral suppression to < 100 copies/mL was 1093/1116 (98%) before, 1073/1116 (96%) at, and 1098/1116 (98%) after transition. Even among those with a VL ≥ 100 copies/mL at transition, 42/44 (95%) achieved suppression to < 100 copies/mL at follow‐up. Seven participants had a VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL at follow‐up and did not harbour any integrase mutations associated with resistance to DTG.ConclusionsThe high levels of viral suppression observed are encouraging regarding virological outcomes upon programmatic transitioning from NNRTI‐ to DTG‐based ART.
‘Its Object is Not to Degrade, But to Elevate’: Reflecting on Preventive Detention in the Early 20th Century
Authors: BENNETT RACHEL 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn response to growing concerns about habitual criminality and its impact upon the fabric of society, the Prevention of Crime Act 1908 stipulated that when the courts passed a sentence of penal servitude upon repeat offenders, they could additionally pass a sentence of preventive detention if it was deemed expedient for the protection of the public. Reflecting upon the commentaries of those who worked within the preventive detention institution at Camp Hill, this article explores the rationale underpinning the regime and examines the management of the historic question facing the prison system, namely how prisoners should be ‘doing time’ and how prisons should be using this ‘time’.
The Magistrates Association – A Century On
Authors: COLLINS JON 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne hundred years on from the founding of the Magistrates Association (MA) this article explores the role that the MA has played, and continues to play, in informing and influencing the future development of the magistracy, the courts and the broader criminal justice system. It looks at reforms to the magistracy over the last century and then explores the need for further reform, looking at magistrate numbers, diversity and training, magistrates’ courts and the court reform programme, the powers available to magistrates, and the need for political will to enable the modernisation of the magistracy within the context of reform to the courts.
Impact of centrifugation time and pneumatic tube transport on plasma concentrations of direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Roginski Emma , Nissen Peter H. , Hojbjerg Johanne Andersen , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Hvas Anne‐Mette 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionRapid results are needed when plasma concentrations of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are required in acute clinical settings. We evaluated the impact of centrifugation time and pneumatic tube transport on DOAC plasma concentrations with the overall aim of reducing turnaround time.MethodsBlood samples were spiked with rivaroxaban, apixaban or dabigatran in a low and a high concentration prior to centrifugation for 25 minutes (3163 g) or 5 minutes (3000 g) (n = 20 for each DOAC). Both samples spiked with DOACs (n = 20 for each DOAC) and patient samples (n = 25 in total) were transported manually or by pneumatic tube system samples.ResultsFor samples spiked with DOAC, statistically significant differences in DOAC plasma concentrations were found between centrifugation times for rivaroxaban in low (P < .05) and high (P < .05) concentrations. Relative bias was below 9% for all DOACs. Statistically significant differences were found between modes of transportation for rivaroxaban (P < .01) and dabigatran (P < .01) in high concentrations. Relative bias was 4%‐23% for all DOACs. For patient samples, no statistically significant differences were found between modes of transportation, and relative bias was below 12% for all DOACs.ConclusionMinor, clinically insignificant, differences regarding centrifugation times were found in DOAC plasma concentrations. Importantly, no significant differences were found according to transportation modes for samples collected from patients. Although statistically significant differences were found depending on mode of transportation of spiked samples, relative bias was clinically acceptable. Thus, reduced centrifugation time and pneumatic tube transport should be considered to reduce turnaround time for rapid measurement of DOAC plasma concentrations.
Impact of flash glucose monitoring on glycemic control varies with the age and residual β‐cell function of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Liyin , Xu Yaling , Jiang Xiaofang , Wu Jieru , Liu Fang , Fan Li , Li Xia , Yin Guangming , Yang Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe aimed to explore the clinical factors associated with glycemic variability (GV) assessed with flash glucose monitoring (FGM), and investigate the impact of FGM on glycemic control among Chinese type 1 diabetes mellitus patients in a real‐life clinical setting.Materials and MethodsA total of 171 patients were included. GV was assessed from FGM data. A total of 110 patients wore FGM continuously for 6 months (longitudinal cohort). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting and 2‐h postprandial C‐peptide, and glucose profiles were collected. Changes in HbA1c and glycemic parameters were assessed during a 6‐month FGM period.ResultsIndividuals with high residual C‐peptide (HRCP; 2‐h postprandial C‐peptide >200 pmol/L) had less GV than patients with low residual C‐peptide ( 2‐h postprandial C‐peptide ≤200 pmol/L; P < 0.001). In the longitudinal cohort (n = 110), HbA1c and mean glucose decreased, time in range (TIR) increased during the follow‐up period (P < 0.05). The 110 patients were further divided into age and residual C‐peptide subgroups: (i) HbA1c and mean glucose were reduced significantly only in the subgroup aged ≤14 years during the follow‐up period, whereas time below range also increased in this subgroup at 3 months (P = 0.047); and (ii) HbA1c improved in the HRCP subgroup at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05). The mean glucose decreased and TIR improved significantly in the low residual C‐peptide subgroup; however, TIR was still lower and time below range was higher than those of the HRCP subgroup at all time points (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHRCP was associated with less GV. FGM wearing significantly reduced HbA1c, especially in pediatric patients and those with HRCP. Additionally, the mean glucose and TIR were also found to improve.
Knockdown of lncRNA IGF2BP2‐AS1 inhibits proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Tong Shuqing , Wang Xiaoyang , Guo Xiangrui , Lu Zhiming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNA IGF2BP2 antisense RNA1 (lncRNA IGF2BP2‐AS1) has been used to predict the overall survival rate of lung squamous cell carcinoma. This research aims to investigate the effect of IGF2BP2‐AS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsThe TCGA database was applied to evaluate the level of IGF2BP2‐AS1 and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC. The levels of IGF2BP2‐AS1 in 30 OSCC and 20 normal tissue samples were detected by RT‐qPCR. The distributions of IGF2BP2‐AS1 in two OSCC cell lines (ie, Cal27 and SCC9) were detected by FISH. Colony formation, flow cytometry, wound‐healing, transwell, and Western blotting analyses were used for evaluating the effect of IGF2BP2‐AS1 on OSCC progression.ResultsIn comparison with the normal tissue samples, OSCC showed higher expression of IGF2BP2‐AS1. High expression of IGF2BP2‐AS1 was associated with poor survival in OSCC patients. Results of FISH showed that IGF2BP2‐AS1 was mainly present in the cytoplasm. Further in vitro functional tests demonstrated that downregulation of IGF2BP2‐AS1 in Cal27 and SCC9 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, leading to cell‐cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Western blotting showed that expressions of β‐catenin, Cyclin D1, Bcl‐2, and MMP2 were downregulated, whereas Bax was upregulated following knockdown of IGF2BP2‐AS1. The inhibitory effect of knockdown of IGF2BP2‐AS1 on migration could be partially reversed by the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway stimulator LiCl.ConclusionOur results suggest that knockdown of IGF2BP2‐AS1 suppresses cell growth, migration and promotes apoptosis in OSCC cells, providing a new molecular target for OSCC.
A procedure to model and design elastomeric‐based isolation systems for the seismic protection of rocking art objects
Authors: Pellecchia Davide , Lo Feudo Stefania , Vaiana Nicolò , Dion Jean‐Luc , Rosati Luciano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the rocking behavior of rigid bodies seismically protected by means of lead rubber bearings and high damping rubber bearings, which are the most popular kinds of elastomeric isolators in the market. The complex nonlinear force–displacement relationship displayed by such devices is predicted by a phenomenological model based on a small set of parameters having a clear mechanical meaning. The algebraic nature of the proposed hysteretic model makes it suitable for a design procedure, using an energy‐based approach, that allows one to obtain the hysteretic model parameters on the basis of the mass and the isolation period. Overturning spectra are evaluated and discussed to illustrate the effect of the isolation devices on the rigid bodies' rocking behavior. Furthermore, nonlinear time history analyses associated with six real earthquakes are carried out on six of Michelangelo's sculptures, located in the Galleria dei Prigioni at the Accademia Gallery of Florence, in order to examine their actual behavior under real strong ground motions.