bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing distant metastases and survival in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Saiyed Faiez K. , Guo Theresa , Johnson Faye , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) after development of distant metastases (DM) in the context of human papillomavirus (HPV) tumor status remain controversial in the literature.MethodsOPSCC patients with DM treated between June 2015 and March 2019 were included from a prospectively enrolled database. Characteristics of DM including sites, episodes, and timing of disease were analyzed in addition to survival after DM.ResultsSixty‐nine HPV‐positive and 18 HPV‐negative OPSCC patients with DM were included. The 2‐year survival after DM was higher for HPV‐positive patients (54.0% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001). HPV‐positive patients did not demonstrate greater episodes or sites of DM. Multiple sites of DM, early development of DM, and Charlson comorbidity Index were independently associated with worse survival after DM.ConclusionsWhile multiple sites, early DM, and comorbidities were poor prognostic factors, OPSCC patients with distant progression can have substantial survival after DM, including M1 patients.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of nitrogen exchange in an upwelling reach of a groundwater‐fed river and potential response to perturbations changing rainfall patterns under UK climate change scenarios
Authors: Heathwaite Ann Louise , Heppell Catherine , Binley Andrew , Byrne Patrick , Lansdown Katrina , Trimmer Mark , Ullah Sami , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of hyporheic exchange flows (HEFs) and nitrogen exchange in an upwelling reach of a 200 m groundwater‐fed river. We show how research combining hydrological measurement, geophysics and isotopes, together with nutrient speciation techniques provides insight on nitrogen pathways and transformations that could not have been captured otherwise, including a zone of vertical preferential discharge of nitrate from deeper groundwater, and a zone of rapid denitrification linking the floodplain with the riverbed. Nitrate attenuation in the reach is dominated by denitrification but is spatially highly variable. This variability is driven by groundwater flow pathways and landscape setting, which influences hyporheic flow, residence time and nitrate removal. We observed the spatial connectivity of the river to the riparian zone is important because zones of horizontal preferential discharge supply organic matter from the floodplain and create anoxic riverbed conditions with overlapping zones of nitrification potential and denitrification activity that peaked 10–20 cm below the riverbed. Our data also show that temporal variability in water pathways in the reach is driven by changes in stage of the order of tens of centimetres and by strength of water flux, which may influence the depth of delivery of dissolved organic carbon. The temporal variability is sensitive to changes to river flows under UK climate projections that anticipate a 14%–15% increase in regional median winter rainfall and a 14%–19% reduction in summer rainfall. Superimposed on seasonal projections is more intensive storm activity that will likely lead to a more dynamic and inherently complex (hydrologically and biogeochemically) hyporheic zone. We recorded direct evidence of suppression of upwelling groundwater (flow reversal) during rainfall events. Such flow reversal may fuel riverbed sediments whereby delivery of organic carbon to depth, and higher denitrification rates in HEFs might act in concert to make nitrate removal in the riverbed more efficient.
Sources of variation in sediment toxicity of hydrophobic organic chemicals: Meta-analysis of 10–14-day spiked-sediment tests with Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus
Authors: Hiki Kyoshiro , Watanabe Haruna , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spiked-sediment toxicity tests with benthic organisms are routinely used to assess the potential ecological impact of sediment-associated hydrophobic organic contaminants. Although several sediment tests have been standardized, experimental factors such as spiking methods still vary between laboratories. To identify the experimental factors that affect the bioavailability of contaminants and account for the highest percentage of the variability of toxicity values (i.e., 50% lethal concentration; LC50), we performed a meta-analysis of published 10–14-day spiked-sediment toxicity tests with the standard test species Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus. Analysis of 172 test records revealed that the variability of sediment LC50s for a given combination of chemical and test species was large. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) was 65%, even after organic carbon normalization, and was slightly larger than the CV in water-only tests (49%). Regression analyses revealed that the most important factor contributing to the variability of the sediment LC50s was sediment type (i.e., environmental or formulated sediment) and that use of formulated sediment (i.e., composed of peat, cellulose, or leaves as organic carbon source) tended to cause higher toxicity than use of environmental sediment. This might be caused by the difference in partitioning the coefficient of organic contaminants and the resulting difference in the bioavailability between sediment types. The effects of other factors, including aging periods and spiking methods, were insignificant or specific to certain chemicals. These discoveries facilitate refinement of the methodologies used in sediment toxicity testing and the correct interpretation of test results. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1003–1013. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
A meta-analysis of 10–14 day spiked-sediment toxicity tests with the standard test species H. azteca and C. dilutus was performed. Sediment type (environmental or formulated sediment) was the most important factor that contributed to the variability in the sediment LC50s. Factors, such as aging periods and water renewal, were less significant or specific to certain chemicals.
The impact of precursors on aquatic exposure assessment for PFAS: Insights from bioaccumulation modeling
Authors: Glaser David , Lamoureux Elizabeth , Opdyke Dan , LaRoe Sarah , Reidy Deirdre , Connolly John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Risk assessment for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is complicated by the fact that PFAS include several thousand compounds. Although new analytical methods have increased the number that can be identified in environmental samples, a significant fraction of them remain uncharacterized. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is the PFAS compound of primary interest when evaluating risks to humans and wildlife owing to the consumption of aquatic organisms. The exposure assessment for PFOS is complicated by the presence of PFOS precursors and their transformation, which can occur both in the environment and within organisms. Thus, the PFOS to which wildlife or people are exposed may consist of PFOS that was discharged directly into the environment and/or other PFOS precursors that were transformed into PFOS. This means that exposure assessment and the development of remedial strategies may depend on the relative concentrations and properties not only of PFOS but also of other PFAS that are transformed into PFOS. A bioaccumulation model was developed to explore these issues. The model embeds toxicokinetic and bioenergetic components within a larger food web calculation that accounts for uptake from both food and water, as well as predator–prey interactions. Multiple chemicals are modeled, including parent–daughter reactions. A series of illustrative simulations explores how chemical properties can influence exposure assessment and remedial decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:705–715. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
Accurate exposure assessment for PFAS may depend on the concentrations not only of PFOS, but also of other PFAS that are transformed into PFOS. A fish bioaccumulation model that includes the biotransformation of multiple precursor compounds into PFOS was developed. The bioenergetics-based model accounts for uptake from food and water, as well as predator/prey interactions, and captures the results of laboratory studies of PFAS biotransformation in fish and produces realistic BCFs and BMFs. Model results indicate that precursors at concentrations similar to those found in nature at some locations can produce PFOS concentrations in fish tissue that are potentially of regulatory interest.
Poly (γ‐glutamic acid)/chitooligo‐saccharide/papain hydrogel prevents hypertrophic scar during skin wound healing
Authors: Xue Yueming , Qi Chunxiao , Dong Yunsheng , Zhang Lin , Liu Xiangsheng , Liu Yufei , Wang Shufang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHypertrophic scar, a common skin disorder typically caused by deep burns or scald were usually treated via surgical resection, laser irradiation, and drugs. However, all the approaches were always companied with complications and devastatingly subjected to relapse, which indicated the urgently need of an effective treatment method. In this project, a new hydrogel composed of Poly (γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA), Chitooligo‐saccharide, and Papain was developed via crosslinker (EDC&NHS), and characterized with good porously three‐dimensional network structure, good water absorption, and mechanical properties. Besides, G/C/P hydrogel facilitated cell adhesion and inhibited excessive proliferation of fibroblasts, which indicated the potential of in vivo application. After applied onto skin wound healing in vivo on a rabbit ear skin wound model, G/C/P hydrogel inhibited excessive collagen deposition and the generation of hyperplastic scars effectively during wound healing. The hydrogel described here provide a new platform for regeneration field and hold great promise for solving serious skin disorder.
The impact of type III sodium‐dependent phosphate transporters (Pit 1 and Pit 2) on podocyte and kidney function
Authors: Kulesza Tomasz , Piwkowska Agnieszka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sodium‐dependent phosphate transporters Pit 1 and Pit 2 belong to the solute carrier 20 (SLC20) family of membrane proteins. They are ubiquitously distributed in the human body. Their crucial function is the intracellular transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the form of H2PO4
−. They are one of the main elements in maintaining physiological phosphate homeostasis. Recent data have emerged that indicate novel roles of Pit 1 and Pit 2 proteins besides the well‐known function of Pi transporters. These membrane proteins are believed to be precise phosphate sensors that mediate Pi‐dependent intracellular signaling. They are also involved in insulin signaling and influence cellular insulin sensitivity. In diseases that are associated with hyperphosphatemia, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), disturbances in the function of Pit 1 and Pit 2 are observed. Phosphate transporters from the SLC20 family participate in the calcification of soft tissues, mainly blood vessels, during the course of CKD. The glomerulus and podocytes therein can also be a target of pathological calcification that damages these structures. A few studies have demonstrated the development of Pi‐dependent podocyte injury that is mediated by Pit 1 and Pit 2. This paper discusses the role of Pit 1 and Pit 2 proteins in podocyte function, mainly in the context of the development of pathological calcification that disrupts permeability of the renal filtration barrier. We also describe the mechanisms that may contribute to podocyte damage by Pit 1 and Pit 2.
Biochar prepared from Fe‐rich sludge as suitable microbial carriers for facilitating biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil
Authors: Liang Jidong , Wu Zijun , Teng Tingting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDConverting waste biomass to biochar by pyrolysis is increasingly recognized as an effective waste regeneration method and could be applied in contaminated soil bioremediation. In this work, we compared the properties of three biochars (FB300, FB500 and FB700) derived from iron (Fe)‐rich sludge (FS) at 300, 500 and 700 °C, and selected FB500 as microbial carrier to evaluate its function in facilitating phenanthrene (PHE) biodegradation in soil.RESULTSIncreasing pyrolysis temperature induced a positive relationship with the ash content, pH and pore size of biochars, but a negative relationship with the yield and surface area of the biochars. FB300 and FB500 maintained more organic matter than FB700, whereas, FB500 and FB700 had greater aromatic constituents and more crystal structures than FB300. Besides, FB500 showed the strongest stability and unique magnetic properties. Thus, FB500 was selected as microbial carrier in facilitating PHE biodegradation in soil. The degradation results indicated that FB500 with bacteria immobilization played a significant role in PHE degradation; its PHE removal rate of 58.15 ± 4.90% was much higher than that of 38.73 ± 3.98% for free bacteria treatment on the first day of degradation.CONCLUSIONFe‐rich sludge can be efficiently converted into biochar that in turn can serve as microbial carrier for PHE biodegradation in contaminated soil. FB500 with bacteria immobilization was proven to promote PHE degradation. Pyrolyzing Fe‐rich sludge to biochar is a promising method for remediation of PAH‐contaminated soil. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
MRI Measures of Murine Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Lindquist Diana M. , Fugate Elizabeth M. , Wang Jiang , Sharma Akanksha , Gandhi Chandrashekhar R. , Dillman Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAn imaging method that allows quantitative fibrosis estimates is needed to facilitate the diagnosis of chronic liver disease. Amide proton transfer (APT) and tissue sodium concentration (TSC) estimates could meet this need.HypothesisAPT and TSC estimates correlate with fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic liver disease.Study TypeProspective.Phantoms/Animal ModelMale C57Bl/6 mice given CCl4 or vehicle (N = 8 each) twice weekly for 16 weeks.Field Strength/SequenceLiver T1 (Look‐Locker gradient recalled echo [GRE] sequence), T2 (multiecho spin echo sequence), T1rho (fast spin echo sequence with 500 Hz spin locking pulse), and APT (GRE sequence with off‐resonance pulses) data were acquired at 7 T at 12 and 16 weeks. Liver sodium data (multiple echo GRE sequence) were acquired at 12 weeks at 9.4 T.AssessmentLiver proton T1, T2, T1rho, APT, sodium T2*, and TSC were calculated. Histological measures included Sirius Red, hematoxylin and eosin, liver hydroxyproline content, and serum alanine transaminase (ALT).Statistical TestsWelch's two‐sided t‐test was used to test for differences between control and CCl4‐treated groups for serum ALT, hydroxyproline, Sirius Red staining, T1, T2, T1rho, APT, TSC, and sodium T2*. Pearson's correlations between liver T1, APT, TSC, or sodium T2* with Sirius Red staining and hydroxyproline levels were calculated.ResultsAPT was significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups in the left liver lobe at 16 weeks (CCl4: 8.0% ± 1.2%, controls: 6.2% ± 1.0%), as were average liver TSC at 12 weeks (CCl4: 38 mM ± 5 mM, controls: 27 mM ± 2 mM), and average sodium liver T2* at 12 weeks (CCl4: 10 msec ± 1.0 msec, controls: 12 msec ± 1.9 msec). APT, TSC, and sodium T2* correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with Sirius Red staining and hydroxyproline levels.Data ConclusionLiver TSC and APT significantly correlated with histopathologic markers of fibrosis in this mouse model.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Spatio‐temporal variability of wet and drought events in the Paraná River basin—Brazil and its association with the El Niño—Southern oscillation phenomenon
Authors: Santos Eliane Barbosa , de Freitas Edmilson Dias , Rafee Sameh Adib Abou , Fujita Thais , Rudke Anderson Paulo , Martins Leila Droprinchinski , Ferreira de Souza Rodrigo Augusto , Martins Jorge Alberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse the spatio‐temporal variability of wet and drought events in the Paraná River Basin and their association with the El Niño—Southern 20 Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. A dataset of daily precipitation from 953 pluviometric stations from 1982 to 2016 was used. Anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) from the four Niño regions of the Equatorial Pacific were also used. Homogeneous rainfall regions were defined using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). To describe the drought or wet conditions the standardized precipitation index (SPI) for 1‐, 3‐, and 12‐months time scales were used. The relationship between the ENSO and the wet and drought conditions were also analysed. The results suggest that two regions are enough to represent the whole Paraná River Basin during different rainfall patterns. In the 1‐month SPI, the precipitation extremes of the region that is mainly composed of the state of Paraná and southern region of Mato Grosso do Sul (Region 2), showed a statistically significant correlation at the level of 1% with ENSO events. In the 12‐month SPI, the most intense drought and wet events and with greater spatial coverage, in general, were observed in years with ENSO occurrences. In general, it is observed that although the ENSO phenomenon is not the main factor that causes the drought and wet events in the region, El Niño contributes to the rainfall excess and La Niña to the rainfall deficit in the Paraná River Basin.
Introducing goods innovation, service innovation, or both? Investigating the tension in managing innovation revenue streams for manufacturing and service firms
Authors: Choo Adrian , Narayanan Sriram , Srinivasan Ravi , Sarkar Soumodip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany manufacturing and service companies extend their product lines by pursuing different domain NPI (new product introduction), that is, manufacturers launching new services and service firms venturing into new goods. Little is known about how this innovation approach compares to firms focusing on same domain NPI, that is, manufacturers launching new goods and service firms introducing new services. This research investigates these innovation approaches at the firm level using a set of archival data for the period 2006–2008, which comprises 16,735 manufacturing and service firms from 11 European countries. Our results show no statistical difference in innovation revenue performance between same and different domain NPIs. Both categories of firms gained about 13–14% higher performance relative to those firms that reported ongoing innovation activities but did not introduce any innovation. Our findings also show firms that pursued both same and different domain NPIs (a dual innovation approach) achieved a higher innovation revenue performance (about 4% higher relative to firms pursuing same or different domain NPI). Despite the higher performance, we find that the interaction effect of same and different domain NPIs on firm innovation revenue is substitutive. Our results are largely consistent across multiple robustness checks: (a) a different dataset collected for the period 2008–2010 to replicate the findings, (b) alternative dependent variables, (c) multiple endogeneity checks, and (d) different estimation approaches. Finally, post‐hoc analyses show the substitution effect is (i) stronger for small firms, (ii) stronger for firms with internal R&D, and (iii) not significantly different for firms with or without external R&D. Overall, these findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the opportunity and tension firms face in introducing innovations in same and different domain activities.
Ester synthesis mechanism and activity by Bacillus licheniformis, Candida etchellsii, and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii isolated from Chinese horse bean chili paste
Authors: Yang Linzi , Li Xueli , Lu Yunhao , Lv Yuanping , Chi Yuanlong , He Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEsters are indispensable aroma compounds and contribute significantly to the fruity aromas in fermented condiments. The ester synthesis activity and pathways of Bacillus licheniformis, Candida etchellsii, and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, isolated from Chinese horse bean chili‐paste (CHCP), were investigated. Chemical buffer models containing esterification and alcoholysis systems inoculated with extracellular extracts of these three strains were established.RESULTSThe ester synthesis activity of C. etchellsii was stronger than that of the other two strains. Zygosaccharomyces rouxii could synthesize acetate esters via esterification, whereas the biosynthesis pathways of B. licheniformis and C. etchellsii were esterification and alcoholysis. Esterification exhibited relatively high activity at pH 4, whereas alcoholysis activity improved with an increase in the pH from 4 to 8. Candida etchellsii could synthesize C6–C8 of acetate esters, and its activity improved with the number of alcohol carbon atoms. These three strains could synthesize C10–C18 of ethyl esters. Their ethyl ester synthesis activity decreased with the aliphatic acid carbon number.CONCLUSIONCandida etchellsii has the potential to be used in CHCP fermentation to accumulate esters and improve flavor compared with the other two strains. This research is helpful in explaining the mechanism of ester synthesis in fermented condiments. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Main sources of uncertainty in recent methanol/NOx combustion models
Authors: Kovács Márton , Papp Máté , Zsély István Gy. , Turányi Tamás 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe performance of 17 recent detailed reaction mechanisms describing the interactions of methanol and formaldehyde with nitrogen oxides in combustion systems was investigated based on large number of literature experimental data covering a wide range of conditions. This data collection consists of 2552 data points of concentration profiles in 243 datasets measured in jet stirred reactors, tubular flow reactors, and shock tubes. The two best mechanisms were found to be the Shrestha‐2019 and Glarborg‐2018 mechanisms, which were selected for further investigations. Two additional mechanisms were created via the replacement of the hydrogen, syngas, methanol submechanisms, and the parameters of nine N/H/O reactions to ones from our previous mechanism optimization studies. Local sensitivity analysis of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters (Arrhenius A‐factors, heat capacities, standard enthalpies of formation, and standard molar entropies) of these four mechanisms was carried out. The results were in good agreement and the most sensitive reactions belong to the neat hydrogen, syngas, or methanol oxidation. The most important reactions of the interaction between C1 species and NOx are hydrogen‐abstraction reactions CH3OH + NO2 = HONO + CH2OH and CH2O + NO2 = HONO + HCO. The most sensitive thermodynamic properties are the molar heat capacities of species OH, NO, HONO, and NO2, and the standard enthalpies of formation and entropies of these species have also significant sensitivities. According to the local uncertainty analysis of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, the rate coefficients of the NOx chemistry have the highest contribution to the overall uncertainty of the simulation results, especially those of the two reactions above. The highest uncertainty caused by the thermodynamic parameters is due to the heat capacity of HNO, OH, HO2, and NO2 and some other species, whereas the uncertainty contributions of all enthalpies of formation and entropies were negligible.