bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Cardiac Amyloidosis with 99mTc-Pyrophosphate (PYP) Quantitative SPECT
Authors: Ren Chao , Ren Jingyun , Tian Zhuang , Du Yanrong , Hao Zhixin , Zhang Zongyao , Fang Wei , Li Fang , Zhang Shuyang , Hsu Bailing , Huo Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy provides differential diagnosis of ATTR cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) from light chain cardiac amyloidosis and other myocardial disorders without biopsy. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic feasibility and the operator reproducibility of 99mTc-PYP quantitative SPECT. Method: Thirty-seven consecutive patients underwent a 99mTc-PYP thorax planar scan followed by SPECT and CT scans to diagnose suspected ATTR-CM were enrolled. For the quantitative SPECT, phantom studies were initially performed to determine the image conversion factor (ICF) and partial volume correction (PVC) factor to recover 99mTc-PYP activity concentration in myocardium for calculating the standardized uptake value (SUV) (unit: g/ml). SUVmax was compared among groups of ATTR-CM, AL cardiac amyloidosis and other pathogens (Others), and among categories of Perugini visual scores (Grade: 0-3). The intra- and inter-operator reproducibility of quantitative SPECT was verified, and the corresponded repeatability coefficient (RPC) was calculated. Results: The ICF was 79,327 Bq/ml to convert count rate in pixel to 99mTc activity concentration. PVC factor as a function of the measured activity concentration ratio in myocardium and blood-pool was [y=1.424*(1-exp(-0.759*x)) +0.104]. SUVmax of ATTR-CM (7.50±2.68) was significantly higher than those of AL (1.96±0.35) and Others (2.00±0.74) (all p<0.05). SUVmax of Grade 3 (8.95±1.89) and Grade 2 (4.71±0.23) were also significantly higher than those of Grade 1 (1.92±0.31) and Grade 0 (1.59±0.39) (all p <0.05). Correlation coefficient (R2) of SUVmax reached 0.966 to 0.978 with only small systematic difference (intra=-0.14; inter=-0.23) between two repeated measurements. Intra- and inter-operator RPCs were 0.688 and 0.877.Conclusions: 99mTc-PYP quantitative SPECT is feasible to quantitatively and objectively assess the burden of cardiac amyloidosis for diagnosis of ATTR-CM.
Discovery of Potent Natural-Product-Derived SIRT2 Inhibitors Using Structure- Based Exploration of SIRT2 Pharmacophoric Space Coupled With QSAR Analyses
Authors: Khanfar Mohammad A. , Alqtaishat Saja 
Published: January 2021

Background:
SIRT2 belongs to a class III of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) and has crucial roles in
neurodegeneration and malignancy.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to discover structurally novel natural-product-derived SIRT2 inhibitors.

Methods:
Structure-based pharmacophore modeling integrated with validated QSAR analysis was implemented
to discover structurally novel SIRT2 inhibitors from the natural products database. The targeted QSAR model
combined molecular descriptors with structure-based pharmacophore capable of explaining bioactivity variation
of structurally diverse SIRT2 inhibitors. Manually built pharmacophore model, validated with receiver operating
characteristic curve, and selected using the statistically optimum QSAR equation, was applied as a 3Dsearch
query to mine AnalytiCon Discovery database of natural products.

Results :
Experimental in vitro testing of highest-ranked hits identified asperphenamate and salvianolic acid B
as active SIRT2 inhibitors with IC50 values in low micromolar range.

Conclusion:
New chemical scaffolds of SIRT2 inhibitors have been identified that could serve as a starting
point for lead-structure optimization.
Trends in Photocatalysis Research from the Year 2000 to 2020
Authors: Hassan Waseem , Zafar Mehreen , Kamdem Jean Paul , Duarte Antonia Eliene , da Rocha Joao Batista Teixeira , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The sole objective of the present study is to explore the research trends in
photocatalysis.

Materials and Methods:
In this area, the first document was published in the year 1921 and until
August 2020, a total of 6940 documents have been archived in the Scopus database.

Results and Discussion:
It is worthy to note that after 2000, a remarkable increase in publications
has been noticed. In fact, 6605 articles have been published after 2000. The highest number of
publications have been reported in 2019 (784/11.87% of 6605) followed by 2018 (740/11.20% of
6605) and 2017 (624/9.45% of 6605). We calculated the per year growth rate and doubling time of
publications. In research publications, the top three (3) countries are China (3030/43.65%), USA
(704/10.14%) and India (503/7.24%). We provided the details which may explain why China is the
global leader in photocatalysis research. Furthermore, by Vosviewer analysis, we provided the coauthorship
and citation details of only research articles and reviews (total 6197 documents). Based
on the (a) number of publications and (b) citations, the list of top ten (10) authors, institutes, countries
and source details are provided. We also performed the Vosviewer analysis for China’s publications
(n=3030). The details about the top authors, institutes and collaborative countries are provided.
One of the fundamental questions is: what has been covered in photocatalysis research articles
and reviews (n=6197)? For this purpose, we manually analyzed 47,722 keywords and grouped
them into different categories.

Conclusion:
Mostly the document covered research under the names of photocatalysis, semiconductors,
photochemical sources, instrumental techniques, electrochemistry, nanomaterials and water
treatment. We extended the idea and explored the research publications in selected semiconductors
(like titanium, graphene, cadmium, bismuth and iron-based compounds), water purification,
toxic pollutants, photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, nanomaterials and certain specific instruments
like SEM, TEM & XRD, etc.
COVID-19 and the Challenges of Chemotherapy: The Failure Case of Hydroxychloroquine in the Clinical Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Gomes Pollyanna Stephanie , Machado Patrícia de Almeida , Gomes Andre M.O. , Oliveira Andrea C. , Silva Jerson L. , Guedes Herbert Leonel de Matos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract::
In December 2019, in Wuhan, China, an outbreak of a respiratory disease was reported,
and the causative agent of which was discovered to be the new coronavirus. This disease spread
rapidly around the world, and in March 2020, the WHO declared a state of pandemic. According to
the WHO situation in October report, more than 41,570.883 were affected, and 1,134.940 deaths
had occurred. Thus, the urgency to find therapeutic targets to prevent viral replication and a
vaccine to protect against the disease became a great challenge for researchers around the world. A
French group began using, in patients, a drug that had already been approved for human use, hydroxychloroquine
(HQ) alone or in combination with azithromycin. The use of a drug already approved
by regulatory agencies can enable treatment strategies to be put in place rapidly; however,
even though in vitro may indicate success, this is not always guaranteed. For HQ, some studies
have shown a satisfactory response in patients, while in many others, the result was not positive
and patients actually died. Furthermore, many adverse effects of HQ have been described. In this review,
we will briefly discuss how this therapy became an option for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2
infection. We will address the use of HQ in different pathologies and COVID-19 specifically; describing
the doses used, as well as the main adverse effects. The take-home message is that more efforts
are still required to conclude the efficacy of HQ against COVID-19, however, most of the
studies carried out currently are showing that the use of HQ does not bring benefits during treatment
of COVID-19.
Hospital Costs and Long-term Survival of Patients Enrolled in an Enhanced Recovery Program for Open Liver Resection: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jones Chris N , Morrison Ben L , Kelliher Leigh JS , Dickinson Matthew , Scott Michael , Cecconi Ebm Claudia , Karanjia Nariman , Quiney Nial 
Published: January 2021

Background
The clinical benefits of enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) have been extensively researched, but few studies have evaluated their cost-effectiveness. Our ERP for open liver resection is based closely on the guidelines produced by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society (2016). This study follows on from a previous randomized controlled trial. We also undertook a long-term follow-up of the patients enrolled in the original trial alongside an analysis of the associated health economics.

Objective
We aimed to undertake a health economic and long-term survival analysis as part of a trial investigating the implementation of an ERP for open liver resection.

Methods
The enhanced recovery elements utilized included extra preoperative education, carbohydrate loading, oral nutritional supplements, postresection goal-directed fluid therapy (LiDCOrapid), early mobilization, and physiotherapy (twice a
day compared with once per day in the standard care group). A decision-analytic model was used to compare the study endpoints for ERP versus standard care provided to patients undergoing open liver resection. Outcomes obtained included costs per life-years gained. Resource use and costs were estimated from the perspective of the National Health Service of the United Kingdom. A decision tree and Markov model were constructed using results from our earlier trial and augmented by external data from other published clinical trials. Long-term follow-up was also undertaken for up to 5 years after the surgery, and data were analyzed to ascertain if the ERP conferred any benefit on long-term survival.

Results
Patients receiving ERP had an average life expectancy of 6.9 years versus 6.1 years in the standard care group. The overall costs were £9538.279 (£1=US $1.60) for ERP and £14,793.05 for standard treatment. This results in a cost-effectiveness ratio of –£6748.33/QALY. Patients receiving ERP required fewer visits to their general practitioner (P=.006) and required lesser help at home with day-to-day activities (P=.04) than patients in the standard care group. Survival was significantly improved at 2 years at 91% (42/46) for patients receiving ERP versus 73% (33/45) for the standard care group (P=.03). There was no statistically significant difference at 5 years after the surgery.

Conclusions
ERPs for patients undergoing open liver resection can improve their medium-term survival and are cost-effective for both hospital and community settings.
A Patient Journey Map to Improve the Home Isolation Experience of Persons With Mild COVID-19: Design Research for Service Touchpoints of Artificial Intelligence in eHealth
Authors: He Qian , Du Fei , Simonse Lianne W L 
Published: January 2021

Background
In the context of the COVID-19 outbreak, 80% of the persons who are infected have mild symptoms and are required to self-recover at home. They have a strong demand for remote health care that, despite the great potential of artificial intelligence (AI), is not met by the current services of eHealth. Understanding the real needs of these persons is lacking.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to contribute a fine-grained understanding of the home isolation experience of persons with mild COVID-19 symptoms to enhance AI in eHealth services.

Methods
A design research method with a qualitative approach was used to map the patient journey. Data on the home isolation experiences of persons with mild COVID-19 symptoms was collected from the top-viewed personal video stories on YouTube and their comment threads. For the analysis, this data was transcribed, coded, and mapped into the patient journey map.

Results
The key findings on the home isolation experience of persons with mild COVID-19 symptoms concerned (1) an awareness period before testing positive, (2) less typical and more personal symptoms, (3) a negative mood experience curve, (5) inadequate home health care service support for patients, and (6) benefits and drawbacks of social media support.

Conclusions
The design of the patient journey map and underlying insights on the home isolation experience of persons with mild COVID-19 symptoms serves health and information technology professionals in more effectively applying AI technology into eHealth services, for which three main service concepts are proposed: (1) trustworthy public health information to relieve stress, (2) personal COVID-19 health monitoring, and (3) community support.
FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATIONANDEVALUATION OF SUBLINGUAL FILM OF ENALAPRILMALEATE USING 32 FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: SAHOO SATYAJIT , MALVIYA KIRTI , MAKWANA AMI , MOHAPATRA PRASANTA KUMAR , SAHU ASITRANJAN 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to formulate, optimize and evaluate sublingual film of Enalapril maleate for rapid management of Hypertension.
Methods: Sublingual films were prepared by solvent casting method. Present investigation were formulated by using HPMC E 15 (X1) as polymer and Polyethylene glycol (X2) as plasticizer were chosen as independent variables in 32 full factorial design while Tensile strength (TS), Disintegration time (DT) and % Cumulative drug release at 10 min. (% CDR) were taken as dependent variables. The various physical parameters were evaluated for sublingual films such as thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, disintegration time, surface pH and % CDR.
Results: From the experimental study, it was concluded that the optimized batch F8 showed 98.6 %, the highest release of the drug. Stability study was performed by taking an optimized formulation and it was observed stable. The sublingual films showed acceptable results in all studies such as thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, disintegration time, surface pH and % CDR at 10 min. R2 values for Tensile Strength (Y1), Disintegration time (Y2) and % cumulative drug release at 10 min. of Enalaprilmaleate(Y3) found to be 0.9852, 0.9829 and 0.9641 respectively. Thus, a good correlation between dependent and independent variables was developed.
Conclusion: 32 full factorial design was successfully applied during preparation, optimization and evaluation of sublingual films of Enalapril maleate. The present investigation showed quick disintegration and fast release of the drug for rapid management of Hypertension.
DETAILED VIEW ON REPURPOSED DRUGS, TRACKING OF VACCINES,AND BRIEF VIEW ON PROPHYLACTIC NANOMEDICINES AS AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH AND PATIENT CARE FOR COVID-19
Authors: NAIR KRISHNANJANA S. , KAMATH SHIVALI , RAJAN ARYA , THOMAS SACHIN , D. ASWIN , ZACHARIAH SUBIN MARY 
Published: January 2021

In December 2019, a rare case of pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, China. This was later analyzed and known to have similar characteristics as viral pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus. Later, on 11 February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially named the disease as COVID19. The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) ought to taint both the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. This COVID-19 is spreading quickly with an immense rise in cases around the world. This infection's mechanism stays obscure, and the medications explicit for the infection were not grown at this point. Infection is highly contagious. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is one of seven kinds of crown infection, including the one which causes severe maladies like Middle East respiratory disorder (MERS) and abrupt, intense respiratory syndrome(SARS). Since its revelation, the infection has spread and has caused anxiety and fear among people. Recent vaccines are tracked, and clinical trials can bring an immediate protocol on a medication approach. By including different therapeutic approaches, it is easier to combat the disease quickly. With very low mortality and high transmission rate, new approaches to vaccines and nanomedicines bring down the spread. Controlled patient care is also crucial. On 11 March, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease as 'global pandemic’. COVID-19, therefore, poses a significant threat to global public health.
This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic methods. The review also focuses on repurposed drugs, traced vaccines, and a quick view of prophylactic nanomedicines as an alternative for COVID 19. For this review, the complete database has been collected from various search engines such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Elsevier, etc., from the year 2001-2020 using the following keywords.
INFERENSI DALAM WACANA TEBAK KATA DI ACARA WAKTU INDONESIA BERCANDA
Authors: Ahmadi F Yusep , Fauziya Diena San 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian wacana yang memfokuskan pada telaah inferensi. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebingungan atau kesalahpahaman yang dialami penyimak kuis tebak kata acara Waktu Indonesia Bercanda (WIB) yang disiarkan di NET TV. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan pola inferensi pada wacana tersebut. Penelitian semacam ini belum banyak dilakukan terlebih dengan mengambil wacana yang sedang hangat di masyarakat, yakni ‘acara tebak kata Waktu Indonesia Bercanda’. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Sumber data berasal dari website channel WIB di website youtube.com yang berupa tuturan-tuturan teka teki yang ada di acara Waktu Indonesia Bercanda (WIB) dan akun instagram WIB_Net www.instagram.com/wib_net/. Data dianalisis secara interpretatif melalui teori inferensi prinsip penafsiran lokal dan analogi. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa pola inferensi dalam wacana tebak kata acara WIB memilki ketidakajegan. Sebagaian wacana berpola penafsiran lokal, berpola analogi sebagaian dari kata dalam teks. Selain itu, prinsip penafsiran lokal pun tidak sejalan dengan struktur teks, yakni terdapat pelanggaran terhadap ejaan dan koherensi koteks. Hal ini munjukkan terdapatnya pelanggaran-pelanggaran prinsip penafsiran lokal dan prinsip analogi. Hal itu menimbulkan kegagalan pragmatik bagi para penyimak wacana tersebut. Ketidakajegan inferensi dan pelanggaran prinsip-prinsip inferensi inilah yang dimanfaatkan acara tebak kata Waktu Indonesi Bercanda (WIB) dalam menarik penyimak atau penonton agar merasakan penasaran dan lucu dari acara tersebut.
Hemolysis in children with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency after ingestion of fava beans; facts predicting severity
Authors: Ghali Hasanein Habeeb , Al Mamoori Doaa Alem 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics as predictors of haemolysis after ingesting fava beans.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken. A total of 57 patients with G6PD deficiency were recruited from the Emergency Department of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City. Data were collected using a specially designed form. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit 57 patients 49 males and 8 females who were visiting the pediatric emergency department from March to May 2017 with a presentation of acute hemolytic episode of G6PD. Patients were classified into mild or severe haemolysis groups based on their haemoglobin level at the time of admission.
Results: Younger age group patients tend to present with the severe form of hemolysis (3.59 years with a P value of 0.001). No significant gender susceptibility between both types of hemolysis. The urban area based living individuals tend to present with mild hemolysis while those from rural areas tends to present with more severe episodes of hemolysis (P value 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the type of fava bean ingestion (fresh or dried) and the severity of hemolysis, those who presented with more severe hemolysis usually had a history of ingestion of fresh type of fava bean. Eight individuals of severe type recorded previous episodes of hemolysis while three individuals of the mild type recorded previous episodes (P value 0.001). Family history of G6PD was significant in 88.2% of individuals with the severe form (P value 0.005).
Conclusions: This study is aimed to report several factors that might predict the severity of hemolysis among patients with G6PD deficiency. Younger age, residence in a rural region, ingestion of fresh fava beans, and history of frequent hemolysis incidents are predictors of developing severe hemolysis among children admitted to the emergency room of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Medical City/Baghdad.
Steroid Replacement in Critical Care
Authors: Annane Djillali , Heming Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

Corticosteroids, mainly produced by the adrenal glands, regulate the response to acute and chronic stress. Acute inflammation associated with critical illness may counteract the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response, resulting in a condition called critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency. This condition may benefit from corticosteroid replacement. As it translates into a broad variety of clinical and biological syndromes, although there is still no gold standard, critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency may be best recognized by a blunted cortisol response to 250 µg of corticotropin given as an intravenous bolus. Corticosteroid replacement should rely on prolonged treatment with low to moderate doses. In practice, the type and duration of corticosteroid dose may vary with the cause of critical illness (e.g., sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, trauma). Finally, optimal corticosteroid replacement should also include minimization of the risk of serious adverse events mainly by careful prevention of superinfection and avoidance of drugs that may potentiate corticosteroids’ deleterious effects on body metabolism or the nervous system.
Key words: Adrenals – hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis – sepsis – inflammation – cytokines – hydrocortisone
Approach to Male Urologic Emergencies
Authors: Davis Jonathan E. , Dubin Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2021

This review details the evaluation and management of the acute scrotum in the emergency department setting and emergent penile complaints in adults, with an emphasis on the most serious and most common conditions. Other emergent conditions include necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum (Fournier disease), incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia, and genitourinary (GU) trauma. Emergency practitioners need to be most concerned with the entities that, if left untreated, can result in ischemia and necrosis of the penis. Basic anatomy and bedside evaluation are reviewed. Acute scrotal and penile pain and GU trauma are discussed in terms of assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment and disposition.
This review contains 5 figures, 19 tables, and 71 references.
Keywords: Acute scrotal pain, testicular torsion, priapism, Peyronie disease, paraphimosis, phimosis, balanitis, posthitis, epididymitis
Tumors of the Stomach and Small Bowel
Authors: Wayne Jeffrey D. , Knab L. Mark , Bentrem David J. 
Published: January 2021

The overall incidence of gastric carcinoma has decreased in the past few decades, but it remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Malignant tumors of the small intestine are rare, and account for fewer than 5% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies. This review details the classification, risk factors, clinical evaluation, investigative studies, staging, management, and follow-up and management of recurrent disease in gastric adenocarcinoma; in addition, it examines nonadenocarcinomatous gastric malignancies and small bowel malignancies.
This review contains 7 figures, 21 tables, and 97 references.
Keywords:Gastric adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, gastric lymphoma, Helicobacter pylori, small bowel adenocarcinoma, surgical resection, staging, chemotherapy, radiation therapy