bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrophic Gastritis Predicts Development of Esophageal Candidiasis Among Patients in Community Hospital
Authors: Ogiso Hideyuki , Adachi Seiji , Mabuchi Masatoshi , Horibe Yohei , Ohno Tomohiko , Suzuki Yusuke , Yamauchi Osamu , Kojima Takao , Takada Eri , Iwama Midori , Saito Koshiro , Iwashita Takuji , Ibuka Takashi , Yasuda Ichiro , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify risk factors for esophageal candidiasis (EC) in immunocompetent patients in a community hospital.Methods: 7736 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at our hospital from April 2012 to July 2018 were enrolled. The relationships between EC and the following factors: age, gender, body mass index, lifestyle, lifestyle-related diseases, medication, and endoscopic findings were analyzed.Results: EC was observed in 184 of 7736 cases (2.4% morbidity rate). Multivariate analysis revealed that significant risk factors for the development of EC were: diabetes mellitus {odds ratio (OR): 1.52}, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR: 1.69), atrophic gastritis (AG) (OR: 1.60), advanced gastric cancer (OR: 4.66), and gastrectomy (OR: 2.32). When severe EC (Kodsi grade ≥ II) was compared to mild EC (grade I), the most significant risk factors were advanced gastric cancer (OR: 17.6) and gastrectomy (OR: 23.4). When considering the risk of AG and PPI use with EC development, the risk increased as follows: AG (OR: 1.59), PPI use (OR: 2.25), and both (OR: 3.13).Conclusions: PPI use and AG are critical risk factors for the development of EC. We suggest close monitoring for EC development when PPIs are administered to patients with AG.
Relationship between clinical outcomes and nerve conduction studies before and after surgery in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Ise Masato , Saito Taichi , Katayama Yoshimi , Nakahara Ryuichi , Shimamura Yasunori , Hamada Masanori , Senda Masuo , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:Nerve conduction study (NCS) is the only useful test for objective assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, the relationship between pre- and postoperative NCS and clinical outcomes was unclear. This study aimed to determine whether pre- and postoperative (6 months) NCS could predict patient-oriented and motor outcomes (6 and 12 months postoperatively) in patients with CTS.Methods:Of the 85 patients with CTS, 107 hands were analyzed from March 2011 to March 2020. All patients underwent open carpal tunnel release and were examined using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire and grip strength (GS) preoperatively and 6 and 12 months. Moreover, NCS was examined preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Distal motor latency (DML) and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) were the parameters used for NCS. The correlation coefficient between NCS and DASH or GS was calculated. A receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to determine the NCS threshold value to predict DASH and GS improvement.Results:The average scores of GS preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively were 21.3, 22.3, and 22.8, respectively. On the other hand, the average scores of DASH preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively were 28.8, 18.3, and 12.2, respectively. The average NCS scores (DML and SCV) preoperatively/6 months postoperatively were 7.3/5.4 and 27.8/36.7, respectively. Preoperative NCS did not correlate with DASH and GS. Postoperative SCV correlated with the change in grip strength (6–12 months, r = 0.67; 0–12 months, r = 0.60) and DASH (0–12 months, r = 0.77). Moreover, postoperative DML correlated with the change in DASH (6–12 months, r = -0.33; 0–12 months, r = -0.59). The prediction for the improvement of GS/DASH achieved a sensitivity of 50.0%/66.7% and a specificity of 100%/100%, at an SCV cutoff score of 38.5/45.0 or above. The prediction for improvement of GS/DASH achieved a sensitivity of 83.3%/66.7% and a specificity of 100%/66.7% at a DML cutoff score of 4.4/4.4 or below.Conclusions:NCS at 6 months postoperatively can be used to predict the improvement of clinical outcome after 6 months postoperatively in patients with CTS.
Validation and Optimal Cut-Off Score of the WHO-5 as a Screening Tool for Depression among Young Adults in Malaysia
Authors: Low Kah-Yue , Pheh Kai-Shuen , Tan Chee-Seng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As depression has become a major disease burden in Malaysia, an easy-to-use tool with good psychometric is urgently needed to facilitate the screening process. The current study investigated the psychometric qualities of the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) and the optimal cut-off point for depression screening in the Malaysian context. A total of 610 undergraduate students answered an online survey consisting of the English version of the WHO-5 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the single-factor model. The WHO-5 also demonstrated good reliability and concurrent validity. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that ≤ 13 was the optimal threshold with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. The results support the usability of the WHO-5 to screen for depression among young adults in Malaysia. Moreover, the findings are also consistent with the literature highlighting the potential of the WHO-5 as a cross-cultural tool for depression screening.
New Enzyme-Targeting Radiosensitizer (KORTUC II) Treatment for Locally Advanced or Recurrent Breast Cancer
Authors: Shimbo Taiju , Nakata Mio , Yoshioka Hiroto , Sato Chikara , Hori Akihiro , Kimura Kosei , Iwamoto Mitsuhiko , Yoshida Ken , Nihei Keiji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PurposeKochi Oxydol-Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Carcinomas II (KORTUC II) is currently the most widely used radiosensitizer in clinical use in Japan. Its use sensitizes tumors to radiation by injecting hydrogen peroxide into the tumors to neutralize antioxidant enzymes and, simultaneously, increase intratumor oxygen tension. KORTUC II has achieved significant local effects with no notable adverse events. We report on the cases where KORTUC II was used to treat patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) or recurrent breast cancer (LRBC).Methods and MaterialsThirty patients treated with KORTUC II for LABC (n = 9) or LRBC (n = 21), who were followed up for at least 3 months after treatment, were included in the study. This sensitizer is a solution consisting of 0.83% sodium hyaluronate and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide by volume. The mixture was injected intratumorally several times during the treatment period under ultrasound guidance, just before RT doses. RT was administered for local control. The irradiation dose and extent fields were determined by the attending physicians considering patient factors. Maximum tumor shrinkage (MTS) was measured by Computed Tomography. The duration of loco-regional control (LC) and progression free survival (PFS) after the completion of RT were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe median irradiation dose was 60.4 Gy3.5 (43.6–76.1 Gy3.5) based on the calculation of EQD2, and median total number of sensitizer treatments was 5 (2–7). The median MTS was 97.0%. Fifteen patients (50%) were assessed to have achieved a clinical complete response. The proportion of patients with LC at 1, 2, and 3 years was 100%, 94.7%, and 75.4%. The proportion with PFS after RT at 1 and 2 years was 59.0%, and 24.1%, respectively.ConclusionsKORTUC II treatment demonstrated high rates of local tumor control for LABC and LRBC. KORTUC II is expected to be an inexpensive and extremely promising RT with an excellent radio-sensitizing effect.Trial registrationOsaka Medical College Clinical Trials Registry, trial no. 1973, date. May 10, 2010UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, trial no. UMIN000003734, date. June 10, 2010
Tumor Vascular Micro-environment of Colorectal Hepatic Metastasis and Chemotherapy Response
Authors: Okamoto Hirotaka , Shiba Shugo , Iino Hiroshi , Wakana Hiroyuki , Ichikawa Daisuke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Tumor vascular micro-environment has an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. The objective of this study was to assess the signiﬁcance of metastatic hepatic tumor vascular micro-environment in relation to the response to the systemic 5-FU-based chemotherapy (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI).Methods: A total of 48 consecutive colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with hepatic metastasis were retrospectively reviewed, and factors, such as metastatic tumor vascular micro-environment, chemotherapy response, and hepatic resection, were analyzed. Tumor angiogenesis was microscopically evaluated by microvessel density (MVD) in sections stained immunochemically with CD34 in patients with hepatic resection. The angiogenesis in tumor micro-environment in association with ring enhancement (RE) on computed tomography (CT) was also examined.Results: Microscopic examination revealed that peripheral RE on CT of the metastatic tumor is associated with tumor angiogenesis by MVD. The overall response rate after 6 courses of first-line chemotherapy for the liver metastasis with RE on CT was 64% (23/36), whereas the response rate without RE was 25% (3/12), which was significantly different, although the survival rate of patients with RE-positive or without RE-negative tumors was not different.Conclusion: The peripheral RE on CT of the metastatic hepatic tumor was associated with the angiogenesis in tumor micro-environment and higher chemotherapy response.
Mapping thalamocortical functional connectivity with large-scale brain networks in patients with first-episode psychosis
Authors: Kwak Yoo Bin , Cho Kang Ik Kevin , Hwang Wu Jeong , Kim Ahra , Park Hyungyou , Lee Junhee , Lee Tae Yong , Kim Minah , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Abnormal thalamocortical networks involving specific thalamic nuclei have been implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. While comparable topography of anatomical and functional connectivity abnormalities has been reported in patients across illness stages, previous functional studies have been confined to anatomical pathways of thalamocortical networks. To address this issue, we incorporated large-scale brain network dynamics into examining thalamocortical functional connectivity. Forty patients with first-episode psychosis and forty healthy controls underwent T1-weighted and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Independent component analysis of voxelwise thalamic functional connectivity maps parcellated the cortex into thalamus-related networks, and thalamic subdivisions associated with these networks were delineated. Functional connectivity of (i) networks with the thalamus and (ii) thalamic subdivision seeds were examined. In patients, functional connectivity of the salience network with the thalamus was decreased and localized to the ventrolateral (VL) and ventroposterior (VP) thalamus, while that of a network comprising the cerebellum, temporal and parietal regions was increased and localized to the MD thalamus. In patients, thalamic subdivision encompassing the VL and VP thalamus demonstrated hypoconnectivity and that encompassing the MD and pulvinar regions demonstrated hyperconnectivity. Our results extend the implications of disrupted thalamocortical networks involving specific thalamic nuclei to dysfunctional large-scale brain network dynamics in schizophrenia pathophysiology.
Immunoinformatics analysis and antibody epitope comparison of Newcastle disease virus classical vaccines with a virus involved in the fifth NDV panzootic
Authors: Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Elias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has negatively affected the poultry industry worldwide. Given that the antigenic similarity of a vaccine strain to a field virus is effective in protection, an immunoinformatics study was performed to examine the similarity between antibody epitopes of classical vaccines and a sub-genotype VII.2 NDV (VII.2 NDV). Considering the role of fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins in the induction of neutralizing antibodies, the 3D structure of HN and F proteins of the VII.2 NDV and nine vaccine strains were predicted, refined, and validated. Using these structures, linear and conformational antibody epitopes were mapped. Epitope analysis showed distinct results from the evolutionary distance and protein identity analysis and it was found that the range of difference in the number of identical epitopes in relation to F is wider than HN protein. LaSota and B1 vaccine strains showed the least epitope identity to the VII.2 NDV. The V4 and I-2 vaccine strains showed the highest epitope identity with the VII.2 NDV especially in F protein which is important in virus cell-to-cell transmission. In conclusion, excellence of the LaSota vaccine under field condition shows that protection is not just about epitope similarities and especially in the case of live vaccines, the vaccine-induced damage, replicative capacity and tropism of the vaccine strain are important. The prediction of this study may be useful for inactivated vaccines in which the amount of antigen is all that matters.
Modeling and Performance Enhancement of Hybrid Fiber Network-PON/DPPM-DWDM-FSO Communications under Atmospheric Turbulence Conditions
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) access network using high-speed free-space optical (FSO) communication based on the passive optical networks (PONs) for the distribution link is proposed. In such network architecture, the FSO link can extend the system to areas where an optical fiber link is not feasible, and or provide limited mobility for indoor coverage. The performance of Hybrid Fiber/FSO (HFFSO) network based on digital pulse position modulation (DPPM), for both the indoor and outdoor environments of the optical access network, are compared with the performance of such a network that is based on conventional On-Off Keying Non-Return-to-Zero (OOK-NRZ) modulation using results obtained through computational and analytical modeling. The WDM channels suffer from inter-channel crosstalk, while the HFFSO communication performance in a clear atmosphere is limited by atmospherically induced scintillation. The impairments, plus the amplified spontaneous emission noise from optical amplification, combining in a potentially problematic way, particularly in the upstream direction, which is investigated here. The results obtained indicate that in a clear atmosphere with a sufficiently high signal to crosstalk ratio the proposed system can achieve a human-safe and high-capacity access network. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) has dramatically increased the capacity of optical transmission systems. Its inherent advantages have made it the current favorite multiplexing technology for an optical network, also used on fiber optic backbones and long-distance transmission. The crosstalk due to inter-band crosstalk for Ultra-Dense WDM systems causes higher noise and degrades the network performance and analyzed the performance of DWDM-PON link that is corrupted crosstalk for Optical Cross-Connect (OXC). Then the analysis of BER with crosstalk was done. Using the equation for crosstalk number of channels was plotted using Matlab. An analysis is carried out to find the amount of crosstalk considering a WDM-FSO over OOK-NRZ and DPPM based OXC. The bit error rate performance degradation due to crosstalk is evaluated for the OXC parameter and number of wavelength per fiber.
Performance evaluation and analysis of four waves mixing in DWDM optical communications
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Optical nonlinearities give rise to many ubiquitous effects in optical fibres ’. These effects are interesting in themselves and can be detrimental in optical communication. In the Dense Wave length division multiplexing system (DWDM) the nonlinear effects plays important role .DWDM system offers component reliability, system availability and system margin. DWDM system carries different channels. Hence power level carried by fiber increases which generates nonlinear effect such as SPM, XPM, SRS, SBS and FWM. Four wave mixing (FWM) is one of the most troubling issues. The FWM gives crosstalk in DWDM system whose channel spacing is narrow. Wavelength exchanging enables data swapping between two different wavelengths simultaneously. These phenomena have been used in many applications in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks such as, wavelength conversion, wavelength sampling, optical 3R, optical interconnects and optical add-drop multiplexing.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Phone App Intervention for Coping With Cancer as a Young Adult: Pilot Trial and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Poort Hanneke , Ryan Annelise , MacDougall Katelyn , Malinowski Paige , MacDonald Anna , Markin Zach , Pirl William , Greer Joseph , Fasciano Karen 
Published: April 2021

Background
Many young adult patients do not receive adequate psychosocial services to help them cope with cancer.

Objective
This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone app (iaya) intervention that was designed to create an engaged community of young adult patients and help them learn emotional coping skills.

Methods
For this single-group pilot trial, 25 young adult patients aged 18-39 years who were receiving active cancer treatment were asked to use the iaya app for 12 weeks. To collect app use data, we used Mixpanel, an analytics platform for apps. Feasibility was assessed through rates of app sessions and the number of coping exercises engaged, and intervention acceptability was evaluated by using an app usability questionnaire and through qualitative interviews at study completion. We collected patient-reported outcome data at baseline and at week 12 to explore self-efficacy for coping with cancer, self-efficacy for managing emotions, perceived emotional support, and quality of life.

Results
Baseline patient-reported outcome data indicated that participants scored relatively low on perceived emotional support but reasonably high on self-efficacy for coping with cancer and managing emotions as well as quality of life. Participants had a mean of 13 app sessions (SD 14) and 2 coping exercises (SD 3.83) in 12 weeks. Only 9% (2/23) of participants met our combined feasibility definition of ≥10 app sessions and ≥3 coping skills from different categories. The participants’ mean usability score was 73.7% (SD 10.84), which exceeded our predefined threshold of ≥70%, and qualitative feedback was generally positive.

Conclusions
Although perceived acceptable by patients, the iaya smartphone app did not meet the a priori feasibility criteria as a stand-alone app intervention. Future studies should screen participants for unmet coping needs and consider integrating the app as part of psychosocial care for young adult patients.
Cross-tier Web Programming for Curated Databases: a Case Study
Authors: Fowler Simon , Harding Simon , Sharman Joanna , Cheney James 
Published: April 2021

Curated databases have become important sources of information across several scientific disciplines, and as the result of manual work of experts, often become important reference works. Features such as provenance tracking, archiving, and data citation are widely regarded as important features for the curated databases, but implementing such features is challenging, and small database projects often lack the resources to do so.
A scientific database application is not just the relational database itself, but also an ecosystem of web applications to display the data, and applications which allow data curation. Supporting advanced curation features requires changing all of these components, and there is currently no way to provide such capabilities in a reusable way.
Cross-tier programming languages allow developers to write a web application in a single, uniform language. Consequently, database queries and updates can be written in the same language as the rest of the program, and it should be possible to provide curation features via program transformations. As a step towards this goal, it is important to establish that realistic curated databases can be implemented in a cross-tier programming language.
In this article, we describe such a case study: reimplementing the web frontend of a realworld scientific database, the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (GtoPdb), in the Links cross-tier programming language. We show how programming language features such as language-integrated query simplify the development process, and rule out common errors. Through an automated functional correctness evaluation, we show that the Links implementation correctly implements the functionality of the official version. Through a comparative performance evaluation, we show that the Links implementation performs fewer database queries, while the time neededto handle the queries is comparable to the official Java version. Furthermore, while there is some overhead to using Links because of its comparative immaturity compared to Java, the Links version is usable as a proof-of-concept case study of cross-tier programming for curated databases.
Pendidikan Akidah Pada Santri Kuttab Al-Firdaus Kota Lhokseumawe
Authors: Musyfira Musyfira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The responsibility of religious education is the most important responsibility for parents and educators, because it is the center of all resources. However, in practice there are still many educators who do not pay attention to the religious education of their students, they prioritize education that is only worldly. The research method used is qualitative research. Data collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is thematic analysis. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Islamic education in Kuttab students is going well. Opportunities for the application of Islamic education to Kuttab students starting from the education system, curriculum, and teachers are extraordinary in maximizing education for children. However, it also has challenges that greatly affect children's education, namely gadgets, games and shows that are not beneficial to children, so it greatly influences the education of their faith. The advantages of the implementation of Islamic education in Kuttab, namely that children have begun to form creeds according to their age. While the drawbacks are that the application and understanding of Islamic education in Kuttab are not comprehensive and agree on all teachers and the environment that does not support the concepts that have been implanted in Kuttab.
Abstrak
Tanggung jawab pendidikan akidah merupakan tanggung jawab terpenting bagi para orang tua dan pendidik, karena ia merupakan pusat segala sumber. Namun dalam prakteknya masih banyak pendidik yang kurang memperhatikan pendidikan akidah peserta didiknya, mereka lebih mengutamakan pendidikan yang hanya bersifat duniawi saja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah thematic analysis. Hasil penelitian dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendidikan akidah pada santri Kuttab berjalan dengan baik. Peluang penerapan pendidikan akidah pada santri Kuttab mulai dari sistem pendidikan, kurikulum, dan guru-gurunya sangatlah luar biasa dalam memaksimalkan pendidikan pada anak-anak. Namun, juga memiliki tantangannya yang sangat mempengaruhi pendidikan anak yaitu gadget, game dan tontonan-tontonan yang tidak bermanfaat bagi anak sehingga sangat mempengaruhi pendidikan imannya. Adapun kelebihan implementasi pendidikan akidah di Kuttab yaitu anak-anak sudah mulai terbentuk akidah sesuai dengan usianya. Sedangkan kekurangannya yaitu penerapan serta pemahaman pendidikan akidah di Kuttab belum menyeluruh dan sependapat pada semua guru serta lingkungan yang tidak mendukung dengan konsep-konsep yang telah ditanamkan di Kuttab.