bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aftershock sequence of the 2017 Mw 6.5 Jiuzhaigou, China earthquake monitored by an AsA network and its implication to fault structures and strength
Authors: Lu Weifan , Zhou Yijian , Zhao Zeyan , Yue Han , Zhou Shiyong 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
We deployed a seismic network near the source region of the 2017 Mw 6.5 Jiuzhaigou earthquake to monitor aftershock activity and to investigate the local fault structure. An aftershock deployment of Array of small Arrays (AsA) and a Geometric Mean Envelop (GME) algorithm are adopted to enhance detection performance. We also adopt a set of association, relocation and matched-filter techniques to obtain a detailed regional catalogue. 16 742 events are detected and relocated, including 1279 aftershocks following the Mw 4.8 aftershock. We develop a joint inversion algorithm utilizing locations of event clusters and focal mechanisms to determine the geometry of planar faults. Six segments were finally determined, in which three segments are related to the Huya fault reflecting a change in fault dip direction near the main shock hypocentre, while the other segments reflect branches showing orthogonal and conjugate geometries with the Huya fault. Aftershocks were active on branching faults between the Huya and Minjiang faults indicating that the main shock may have ruptured both major faults. We also resolve a fault portion with ‘weak strength’ near the main shock hypocentre, which is characterized by limited coseismic slips, concentrated afterslip, low aftershock activities, high b-value and high sensitivity to stress changes. These phenomena can be explained by fault frictional properties at conditional stable sliding status, which may be related to the localized high pore-fluid pressure produced by the fluid intrusion.
Antigen presenting cell response to polysaccharide A is characterized by the generation of anti-inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Zhou Julie Y , Zhou David , Telfer Kevin , Reynero Kalob , Jones Mark B , Hambor John , Cobb Brian A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolysaccharide A (PSA) is the immunodominant capsular carbohydrate from the gram negative commensal microbe Bacteroides fragilis that has shown remarkable potency in ameliorating many rodent models of inflammatory disease by eliciting downstream suppressive CD4+ T cells. PSA is composed of a zwitterionic repeating unit that allows it to be processed by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and presented by MHCII in a glycosylation-dependent manner. While previous work has uncovered much about the interactions between MHCII and PSA, as well as the downstream T cell response, little is known about how PSA affects the phenotype of MHCII+ APCs, including macrophages. Here, we utilized an unbiased systems approach consisting of RNAseq transcriptomics, high-throughput flow cytometry, Luminex analysis and targeted validation experiments to characterize the impact of PSA-mediated stimulation of splenic MHCII+ cells. The data revealed that PSA potently elicited the upregulation of an alternatively activated M2 macrophage transcriptomic and cell surface signature. Cell-type-specific validation experiments further demonstrated that PSA-exposed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced cell surface and intracellular markers associated with M2 macrophages compared with conventional peptide ovalbumin (ova)-exposed BMDMs. In contrast to macrophages, we also found that CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) upregulated the pro-T cell activation costimulatory molecule CD86 following PSA stimulation. Consistent with the divergent BMDM and DC changes, PSA-exposed DCs elicited an antigen-experienced T cell phenotype in co-cultures, whereas macrophages did not. These findings collectively demonstrate that the PSA-induced immune response is characterized by both T cell stimulation via presentation by DCs, and a previously unrecognized anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages.
Insights into cyanobacterial alkane biosynthesis
Authors: Parveen Humaira , Yazdani Syed Shams 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Alkanes are high-energy molecules that are compatible with enduring liquid fuel infrastructures, which make them highly suitable for being next-generation biofuels. Though biological production of alkanes has been reported in various microorganisms, the reports citing photosynthetic cyanobacteria as natural producers have been the most consistent for the long-chain alkanes and alkenes (C15–C19). However, the production of alkane in cyanobacteria is low, leading to its extraction being uneconomical for commercial purposes. In order to make alkane production economically feasible from cyanobacteria, the titre and yield need to be increased by several orders of magnitude. In the recent past, efforts have been made to enhance alkane production, although with a little gain in yield, leaving space for much improvement. Genetic manipulation in cyanobacteria is considered challenging, but recent advancements in genetic engineering tools may assist in manipulating the genome in order to enhance alkane production. Further, advancement in a basic understanding of metabolic pathways and gene functioning will guide future research for harvesting the potential of these tiny photosynthetically efficient factories. In this review, our focus would be to highlight the current knowledge available on cyanobacterial alkane production, and the potential aspects of developing cyanobacterium as an economical source of biofuel. Further insights into different metabolic pathways and hosts explored so far, and possible challenges in scaling up the production of alkanes will also be discussed.
Venetoclax plus azacitidine in Japanese patients with untreated acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhito , Shinagawa Atsushi , DiNardo Courtney D , Pratz Keith W , Ishizawa Kenichi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Komatsu Norio , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Yoshida Chikashi , Fukuhara Noriko , Usuki Kensuke , Yamauchi Takahiro , Asada Noboru , Asou Norio , Choi Ilseung , Miyazaki Yasushi , Honda Hideyuki , Okubo Sumiko , Kurokawa Misaki , Zhou Ying , Zha Jiuhong , Potluri Jalaja , Matsumura Itaru 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The phase 3 VIALE-A trial (NCT02993523) reported that venetoclax-azacitidine significantly prolonged overall survival compared with placebo-azacitidine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Herein, efficacy and safety of venetoclax-azacitidine are analyzed in the Japanese subgroup of VIALE-A patients.

Methods
Eligible Japanese patients were randomized 2:1 to venetoclax-azacitidine (N = 24) or placebo-azacitidine (N = 13). Primary endpoints for Japan were overall survival and complete response (CR) + CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi). Venetoclax (target dose 400 mg) was given orally once daily. Azacitidine (75 mg/m2) was administered subcutaneously or intravenously on Days 1–7 of each 28-day cycle.

Results
Median follow-up was 16.3 months (range, 1.0–20.3). Median overall survival was not reached with venetoclax-azacitidine (hazard ratio 0.409 and 95% confidence interval: 0.151, 1.109); overall survival estimate was higher with venetoclax-azacitidine than placebo-azacitidine at 12 (67 and 46%) and 18 months (57 and 31%), respectively. CR and CRi rates were 67% with venetoclax-azacitidine and 15% with placebo-azacitidine. Most common any-grade adverse events were febrile neutropenia (79 and 39%), thrombocytopenia (54 and 77%), constipation (54 and 54%) and decreased appetite (54 and 38%) in the venetoclax-azacitidine and placebo-azacitidine arms, respectively. Only 1 patient in the venetoclax-azacitidine arm, and no patients in the placebo-azacitidine arm, had grade 4 febrile neutropenia that led to treatment discontinuation.

Conclusions
This Japanese subgroup analysis of VIALE-A demonstrates comparable safety and efficacy outcomes compared with the global study and supports venetoclax-azacitidine as first-line standard-of-care for Japanese treatment-naive patients with acute myeloid leukemia who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.
Predictors of Pain Reduction in Trials of Interventions for Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms
Authors: Henry N Lynn , Unger Joseph M , Till Cathee , Crew Katherine D , Fisch Michael J , Hershman Dawn L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Almost one-half of aromatase inhibitor (AI)–treated breast cancer patients experience AI-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS); 20%-30% discontinue treatment because of severe symptoms. We hypothesized that we could identify predictors of pain reduction in AIMSS intervention trials by combining data from previously conducted trials.

Methods
We pooled patient-level data from 3 randomized trials testing interventions (omega-3 fatty acids, acupuncture, and duloxetine) for AIMSS that had similar eligibility criteria and the same patient-reported outcome measures. Only patients with a baseline Brief Pain Inventory average pain score of at least 4 of 10 were included. The primary outcome examined was 2-point reduction in average pain from baseline to week 12. Variable cut-point selection and logistic regression were used. Risk models were built by summing the number of factors statistically significantly associated with pain reduction. Analyses were stratified by study and adjusted for treatment arm.

Results
For the 583 analyzed patients, the 4 factors statistically significantly associated with pain reduction were Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Functional Well-Being greater than 24 and Physical Well-Being greater than 14 (higher scores reflect better function), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index less than 50 and Modified Score for the Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatoid Affections of the Hands less than 33 (lower scores reflect less pain). Patients with all 4 factors were greater than 6 times more likely to experience at least a 2-point pain reduction (odds ratio = 6.37, 95% confidence interval = 2.31 to 17.53, 2-sided P &lt; .001); similar results were found for secondary 30% and 50% pain reduction endpoints.

Conclusions
Patients with AIMSS who have lower symptom and functional distress at study entry on AIMSS intervention trials are more likely to experience meaningful pain reduction. Baseline symptom and functional status should be considered as stratification factors in future interventional trials.
Immunoenhancement and antioxidative damage effects of Polygonum Cillinerve polysaccharide on RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Lv Yizhou , Liu Zhenxiu , Duan Xueqin , Cui Jing , Zhang Weimin , Ma Wuren , Liu Yingqiu , Song Xiaoping , Fan Yunpeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The effects of Polygonum Cillinerve polysaccharide (PCP) on the immune and antioxidant activity were studied.

Methods
The effects of PCP on cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, cell uptake, the secretion of NO, iNOS, IL-6, IL-12, CAT and POD, intracellular ROS, cell apoptosis and antioxidative mechanism were measured by MTT, ELISA, fluorescence staining, flow cytometry and western blot.

Key findings
The results showed that PCP had no toxic effect at 31.25–1.95 µg/ml, could improve the uptake of neutral red and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled ovalbumin and promote the release of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase. Moreover, PCP also could promote the secretion of IL-6 and IL-12. The damage of RAW264.7 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide was significantly alleviated by PCP at 15.63–0.975 µg/ml. The mechanism of antioxidative damage might be that PCP inhibited the upstream p38 and the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK proteins, and down-regulated caspase 3 and up-regulated the protein expressions of cytochrome C and Bcl-2, finally PCP improved the antioxidative capacity and protected the oxidative damage of cells.

Conclusions
These results indicated that PCP had the better immunopotentiation and antioxidative damage activity.
Loiasis and diurnal microfilaremia: searching at the right moment
Authors: Musumeci Stefano , Ramu Léa , Chappuis François , Eperon Gilles 
Published: October 2021

A healthy young woman from Cameroon was addressed to the tropical medicine consultation of the University Hospitals of Geneva to investigate an asymptomatic eosinophilia of 1.22 G/l and a history of ‘eye worms’ during childhood. Direct microscopic observation found viable microfilariae, and the stained blood smear confirmed Loa loa species.
Cosmographic approach to Running Vacuum dark energy models: New constraints using BAOs and Hubble diagrams at higher redshifts
Authors: Rezaei Mehdi , Peracaula Joan Solá , Malekjani Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work we study different types of dark energy (DE) models in the framework of the cosmographic approach, with emphasis on the Running Vacuum models (RVMs). We assess their viability using different information criteria and compare them with the so-called Ghost DE models (GDEs) as well as with the concordance ΛCDM model. We use the Hubble diagrams for Pantheon SnIa, quasars (QSOs), gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as well as the data on baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAOs) in four different combinations. Upon minimizing the χ2 function of the distance modulus in the context of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method (MCMC), we put constraints on the current values of the standard cosmographic parameters in a model-independent way. It turns out that, in the absence of BAOs data, the various DE models generally exhibit cosmographic tensions with the observations at the highest redshifts (namely with the QSOs and GRBs data). However, if we include the robust observations from BAOs to our cosmographic sample, the ΛCDM and RVMs are clearly favored against the GDEs. Finally, judging from the perspective of the deviance information criterion (DIC), which enables us to compare models making use of the Markov chains of the MCMC method, we conclude that the RVMs are the preferred kind of DE models. We find it remarkable that these models, which had been previously shown to be capable of alleviating the σ8 and H0 tensions, appear now also as the most successful ones at the level of the cosmographic analysis.
Lensing of gravitational waves as a probe of compact dark matter
Authors: Urrutia Juan , Vaskonen Ville 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We study gravitational lensing of gravitational waves from compact object binaries as a probe of compact dark matter (DM) objects such as primordial black holes. Assuming a point mass lens, we perform parameter estimation of lensed gravitational wave signals from compact object binaries to determine the detectability of the lens with ground based laser interferometers. Then, considering binary populations that LIGO-Virgo has been probing, we derive a constraint on the abundance of compact DM from non-observation of lensed events. We find that the LIGO-Virgo observations imply that compact objects heavier than $M_l = 200\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ cannot constitute all DM and less than $40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of DM can be in compact objects heavier than $M_l = 400\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. We also show that the DM fraction in compact objects can be probed by LIGO in its final sensitivity for $M_l \gt 40\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ reaching $2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the DM abundance at $M_l \gt 200\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, and by ET for $M_l \gt 1\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ reaching DM fraction as low as 7 × 10−5 at $M_l \gt 40\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$.
The photosphere emission spectrum of hybrid relativistic outflow for gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Meng Yan-Zhi , Geng Jin-Jun , Wu Xue-Feng 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The photospheric emission in the prompt phase is the natural prediction of the original fireball model for gamma-ray burst (GRB) due to the large optical depth (τ &gt; 1) at the base of the outflow, which is supported by the quasi-thermal components detected in several Fermi GRBs. However, which radiation mechanism (photosphere or synchrotron) dominates in most GRB spectra is still under hot debate. The shape of the observed photosphere spectrum from a pure hot fireball or a pure Poynting-flux-dominated outflow has been investigated before. In this work, we further study the photosphere spectrum from a hybrid outflow containing both a thermal component and a magnetic component with moderate magnetization (σ0 = LP/LTh ∼ 1 − 10), by invoking the probability photosphere model. The high-energy spectrum from such a hybrid outflow is a power law rather than an exponential cutoff, which is compatible with the observed Band function in a great amount of GRBs. Also, the distribution of the low-energy indices (corresponding to the peak-flux spectra) is found to be quite consistent with the statistical result for the peak-flux spectra of GRBs best-fitted by the Band function, with similar angular profiles of structured jet in our previous works. Finally, the observed distribution of the high-energy indices can be well understood after considering the different magnetic acceleration (due to magnetic reconnection and kink instability) and the angular profiles of dimensionless entropy with the narrower core.
Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ia SN 2019ein rules out significant global asphericity of the ejecta
Authors: Patra Kishore C , Yang (杨轶) Yi , Brink Thomas G , Höflich Peter , Wang Lifan , Filippenko Alexei V , Kasen Daniel , Baade Dietrich , Foley Ryan J , Maund Justyn R , Zheng WeiKang , Hung Tiara , Cikota Aleksandar , Wheeler J Craig , Bulla Mattia 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Detailed spectropolarimetric studies may hold the key to probing the explosion mechanisms and the progenitor scenarios of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We present multi-epoch spectropolarimetry and imaging polarimetry of SN 2019ein, an SN Ia showing high expansion velocities at early phases. The spectropolarimetry sequence spans from ∼−11 to +10 d relative to peak brightness in the B band. We find that the level of the continuum polarization of SN 2019ein, after subtracting estimated interstellar polarization, is in the range 0.0–0.3 per cent, typical for SNe Ia. The polarization position angle remains roughly constant before and after the SN light-curve peak, implying that the inner regions share the same axisymmetry as the outer layers. We observe high polarization (∼1 per cent) across both the Si ii λ6355 and Ca ii near-infrared triplet features. These two lines also display complex polarization modulations. The spectropolarimetric properties of SN 2019ein rule out a significant departure from spherical symmetry of the ejecta for up to a month after the explosion. These observations disfavour merger-induced and double-detonation models for SN 2019ein. The imaging polarimetry shows weak evidence for a modest increase in polarization after ∼20 d since the B-band maximum. If this rise is real and is observed in other SNe Ia at similar phases, we may have seen, for the first time, an aspherical interior similar to what has been previously observed for SNe IIP. Future polarization observations of SNe Ia extending to post-peak epochs will help to examine the inner structure of the explosion.
C ii*/C ii ratio in high-redshift DLAs: ISM phase separation drives the observed bimodality of [C ii] cooling rates
Authors: Balashev S A , Telikova K N , Noterdaeme P 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We discuss observations of C ii*/C ii ratios and cooling rates due to [C ii] 158μm emission in high-redshift intervening damped Lyman-α (DLA) systems towards quasars. We show that the observed bimodality in the C ii cooling rates actually reflects a bimodality in the C ii*/C ii−metallicity plane that can be naturally explained by phase segregation of the neutral medium, without invoking differences in star-formation scenarios. Assuming realistic distributions of the physical parameters to calculate the phase diagrams, we also reproduce qualitatively the metallicity dependence of this bimodality. We emphasize that high-z DLAs mostly probe low-metallicity gas ($Z\lesssim 0.1 \, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot }$), where heating is dominated by cosmic rays (and/or turbulence), and not by photoelectric heating. Therefore, even if the gas of DLA is predominantly cold (where the cooling is dominated by [C ii]), the excitation of C ii can be used to derive the cosmic ray ionization rate (and/or turbulent heating), but not the UV field, as was previously considered. Alternatively, if the gas in DLA is predominantly warm, C ii*/C ii can be used to constrain its number density. Finally, we also discuss the importance of the ionized medium, which, if also present along the line of sight, can significantly increase the average C ii*/C ii ratio.
FuzDB: a new phase in understanding fuzzy interactions
Authors: Hatos Andras , Monzon Alexander Miguel , Tosatto Silvio C E , Piovesan Damiano , Fuxreiter Monika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fuzzy interactions are specific, variable contacts between proteins and other biomolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA, small molecules) formed in accord to the cellular context. Fuzzy interactions have recently been demonstrated to regulate biomolecular condensates generated by liquid-liquid phase separation. The FuzDB v4.0 database (https://fuzdb.org) assembles experimentally identified examples of fuzzy interactions, where disordered regions mediate functionally important, context-dependent contacts between the partners in stoichiometric and higher-order assemblies. The new version of FuzDB establishes cross-links with databases on structure (PDB, BMRB, PED), function (ELM, UniProt) and biomolecular condensates (PhaSepDB, PhaSePro, LLPSDB). FuzDB v4.0 is a source to decipher molecular basis of complex cellular interaction behaviors, including those in protein droplets.
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus proliferation by designer antisense-circRNAs
Authors: Pfafenrot Christina , Schneider Tim , Müller Christin , Hung Lee-Hsueh , Schreiner Silke , Ziebuhr John , Bindereif Albrecht 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that exist in all eukaryotes investigated and are derived from back-splicing of certain pre-mRNA exons. Here, we report the application of artificial circRNAs designed to act as antisense-RNAs. We systematically tested a series of antisense-circRNAs targeted to the SARS-CoV-2 genome RNA, in particular its structurally conserved 5′-untranslated region. Functional assays with both reporter transfections as well as with SARS-CoV-2 infections revealed that specific segments of the SARS-CoV-2 5′-untranslated region can be efficiently accessed by specific antisense-circRNAs, resulting in up to 90% reduction of virus proliferation in cell culture, and with a durability of at least 48 h. Presenting the antisense sequence within a circRNA clearly proved more efficient than in the corresponding linear configuration and is superior to modified antisense oligonucleotides. The activity of the antisense-circRNA is surprisingly robust towards point mutations in the target sequence. This strategy opens up novel applications for designer circRNAs and promising therapeutic strategies in molecular medicine.