bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of different frequencies of controlled breath and pressure-support levels during biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation on the lung and diaphragm in experimental mild acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Thompson Alessandra F. , Moraes Lillian , Rocha Nazareth N. , Fernandes Marcos V. S. , Antunes Mariana A. , Abreu Soraia C. , Santos Cintia L. , Capelozzi Vera L. , Samary Cynthia S. , de Abreu Marcelo G. , Saddy Felipe , Pelosi Paolo , Silva Pedro L. , Rocco Patricia R. M. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundWe hypothesized that a decrease in frequency of controlled breaths during biphasic positive airway pressure (BIVENT), associated with an increase in spontaneous breaths, whether pressure support (PSV)-assisted or not, would mitigate lung and diaphragm damage in mild experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Materials and methodsWistar rats receivedEscherichia colilipopolysaccharide intratracheally. After 24 hours, animals were randomly assigned to: 1) BIVENT-100+PSV0%: airway pressure (Phigh) adjusted to VT= 6 mL/kg and frequency of controlled breaths (f) = 100 bpm; 2) BIVENT-50+PSV0%: Phighadjusted to VT= 6 mL/kg andf= 50 bpm; 3) BIVENT-50+PSV50%(PSV set to half the Phighreference value, i.e., PSV50%); or 4) BIVENT-50+PSV100%(PSV equal to Phighreference value, i.e., PSV100%). Positive end-expiratory pressure (Plow) was equal to 5 cmH2O. Nonventilated animals were used for lung and diaphragm histology and molecular biology analysis.ResultsBIVENT-50+PSV0%, compared to BIVENT-100+PSV0%, reduced the diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) score, the expression of amphiregulin (marker of alveolar stretch) and muscle atrophy F-box (marker of diaphragm atrophy). In BIVENT-50 groups, the increase in PSV (BIVENT-50+PSV50%versusBIVENT-50+PSV100%) yielded better lung mechanics and less alveolar collapse, interstitial edema, cumulative DAD score, as well as gene expressions associated with lung inflammation, epithelial and endothelial cell damage in lung tissue, and muscle ring finger protein 1 (marker of muscle proteolysis) in diaphragm. Transpulmonary peak pressure (Ppeak,L) and pressure–time product per minute (PTPmin) at Phighwere associated with lung damage, while increased spontaneous breathing at Plowdid not promote lung injury.ConclusionIn the ARDS model used herein, during BIVENT, the level of PSV and the phase of the respiratory cycle in which the inspiratory effort occurs affected lung and diaphragm damage. Partitioning of inspiratory effort and transpulmonary pressure in spontaneous breaths at Plowand Phighis required to minimize VILI.
Comparison of transradial and transfemoral access for transcatheter arterial embolization of iatrogenic renal hemorrhage
Authors: Cao Chuanwu , Kim So-Yeon , Kim Gun Ha , Shin Ji Hoon , Nam In Chul , Alali Meshari , Chu Hee Ho , Ko Heung-Kyu 
Published: August 2021

Background
There are few reports of renal artery embolization (RAE) via transradial access (TRA) for renal hemorrhage, and none have compared outcomes of RAE via TRA and transfemoral access (TFA). The objective was to compare technical and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing RAE via TRA or TFA for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage.

Materials and methods
This study included 45 RAE procedures (16 TRA and 29 TFA) for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage in 43 patients performed at a tertiary referral center between October 2018 and December 2020. Information regarding underlying diseases, coagulation status, angiographic and embolization procedure details, technical and clinical successes, and complications were retrospectively evaluated.

Results
There were no differences in demographics, underlying diseases, updated Charlson comorbidity scores, angiographic findings, and volume of contrast material between the TRA and TFA groups. By contrast, prothrombin time and international normalized ratio were significantly lower in the TRA than in the TFA group. Embolic materials differed significantly in the two groups. Procedure duration, fluoroscopy time, digital subtraction angiography number, and dose area product were slightly lower in the TRA than in the TFA group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Technical and clinical success rates in the TRA and TFA groups were 100% and 96.6%, and 100% and 96.6%, respectively. No patient in either group experienced procedure-related complications during a 4 week follow-up period.

Conclusion
RAE via TRA in the management of iatrogenic renal hemorrhage was safe and feasible, with similar procedure duration and radiation exposure to RAE via TFA. TRA may be an acceptable alternative to TFA in these patients.
Low autonomic arousal as a risk factor for reoffending: A population-based study
Authors: Oskarsson Sofi , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Latvala Antti , Andersson Anneli , Garcia-Argibay Miguel , Bertoldi Bridget M. , Raine Adrian , Patrick Christopher J. , Larsson Henrik , Tuvblad Catherine 
Published: August 2021

Background
Low resting heart rate (RHR) and low systolic blood pressure (SBP) are associated with criminal behavior. However, knowledge is lacking about their predictive value for reoffending.

Aim
We aimed to examine associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending in a large population-based sample.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study of all convicted male conscripts born in Sweden 1958–1990 (N = 407,533). We obtained data by linking Swedish population-based registers. Predictor variables were RHR and SBP, measured at conscription which was mandatory until 2010 for men at age 18. The outcome variable was reoffending, defined as criminal convictions (any crime, violent crime and non-violent crime), obtained from the National Crime Register. We used survival analyses to test for associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending, adjusting for pertinent covariates such as socioeconomic status, height, weight and physical energy capacity.

Results
In fully adjusted Cox regression models, men with lower RHR (≤60 bpm) had higher risk of reoffending (any crime: HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19, violent crime: HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.29, non-violent crime: HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19), compared to men with higher RHR (≥ 82 bpm). Men with lower SBP (≤80 mmHg) had higher risk of reoffending (any crime: HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.21, violent crime: HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.20, non-violent crime: HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.22), compared to men with higher SBP (≥138 mmHg).

Conclusions
Low autonomic arousal is associated with increased risk of reoffending. RHR and SBP should be investigated further as potential predictors for reoffending as they each may have predictive value in risk assessment protocols.
Tackling exclusion: A pilot mixed method quasi-experimental identity capital intervention for young people exiting homelessness
Authors: Thulien Naomi S. , Wang Andrea , Mathewson Caitlin , Wang Ri , Hwang Stephen W. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Longitudinal studies examining the life trajectories of young people after they have exited homelessness have identified concerns with persistent social and economic exclusion, struggles to shake off identities of homelessness, and housing instability. This pilot study sought to explore the feasibility of improving socioeconomic inclusion outcomes by bolstering identity capital (sense of purpose and control, self-efficacy and self-esteem) among young people who had experienced homelessness.

Methods
Nineteen individuals (aged 18–26) who had transitioned out of homelessness within the past three years participated in a six-week, six-session program focused on building identity capital. The study employed a mixed method prospective cohort hybrid design with an intervention group (Group One) and a delayed intervention comparison group (Group Two). Participants were interviewed every three months until nine months post-intervention.

Results
None of the youth who began the intervention dropped out of the program, with the exception of one participant who moved across the country and was unable to continue. Immediately after participating in the intervention, Group One had statistically significant improvements (p < .05) and large to very large effect sizes in self-esteem (d = 1.16) and physical community integration (d = 1.79) compared to changes in Group Two over the same period, which had not yet begun the intervention. In the pooled analysis, small to moderate effect sizes in hopelessness, physical community integration, and self-esteem were observed at all post-intervention time points. Notably, at six- and nine-months post-intervention, statistically significant improvements (p < .05) and moderate effect sizes in hopelessness (d = -0.73 and d = -0.60 respectively) and self-esteem (d = 0.71 and d = 0.53 respectively) were observed. Youth shared they appreciated the normalizing (vs. pathologizing) of strategies they needed to learn and spoke of the importance of framing new skills as something one needs “to have a better life” vs. “to get better.”

Conclusions
These early findings signal that targeting identity capital is feasible and may be a promising approach to incorporate into a more complex intervention that includes housing, education, and employment supports to help youth transition out of homelessness. Future research could build on these findings through a sufficiently powered randomized controlled trial.
Preferences for COVID-19 vaccine distribution strategies in the US: A discrete choice survey
Authors: Eshun-Wilson Ingrid , Mody Aaloke , Tram Khai Hoan , Bradley Cory , Sheve Alexander , Fox Branson , Thompson Vetta , Geng Elvin H. 
Published: August 2021

Background
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the US has been immensely successful in vaccinating those who are receptive, further increases in vaccination rates however will require more innovative approaches to reach those who remain hesitant. Developing vaccination strategies that are modelled on what people want could further increase uptake.

Methods and findings
To inform COVID-19 vaccine distribution strategies that are aligned with public preferences we conducted a discrete choice experiment among the US public (N = 2,895) between March 15 to March 22, 2021. We applied sampling weights, evaluated mean preferences using mixed logit models, and identified latent class preference subgroups. On average, the public prioritized ease, preferring single to two dose vaccinations (mean preference: -0.29; 95%CI: -0.37 to -0.20), vaccinating once rather than annually (mean preference: -0.79; 95%CI: -0.89 to -0.70) and reducing waiting times at vaccination sites. Vaccine enforcement reduced overall vaccine acceptance (mean preference -0.20; 95%CI: -0.30 to -0.10), with a trend of increasing resistance to enforcement with increasing vaccine hesitancy. Latent class analysis identified four distinct preference phenotypes: the first prioritized inherent “vaccine features” (46.1%), the second were concerned about vaccine “service delivery” (8.8%), a third group desired “social proof” of vaccine safety and were susceptible to enforcement (13.2%), and the fourth group were “indifferent” to vaccine and service delivery features and resisted enforcement (31.9%).

Conclusions
This study identifies several critical insights for the COVID-19 public health response. First, identifying preference segments is essential to ensure that vaccination services meet the needs of diverse population subgroups. Second, making vaccination easy and promoting autonomy by simplifying services and offering the public choices (where feasible) may increase uptake in those who remain deliberative. And, third vaccine mandates have the potential to increase vaccination rates in susceptible groups but may simultaneously promote control aversion and resistance in those who are most hesitant.
Add-on effect of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Xuqin , Shi Lipeng , Cao Wenfu , Zuo Biao , Zhou Aimin 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic since its outbreak in Wuhan, China. It is an urgent task to prevent and treat COVID-19 effectively early. In China’s experience combating the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has played an indispensable role. A large number of epidemiological investigations have shown that mild to moderate COVID-19 accounts for the largest proportion of cases. It is of great importance to treat such COVID-19 cases, which can help control epidemic progression. Many trials have shown that CHM combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 was superior to conventional therapy alone. This review was designed to evaluate the add-on effect of CHM in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19.MethodsEight electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Clinical Trials.gov website, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database and China Biology Medicine (CBM) were searched from December 2019 to March 2021 without language restrictions. Two reviewers searched and selected studies, and extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria independently. Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included RCTs. Review Manager 5.3.0 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsTwelve eligible RCTs including 1393 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Our meta-analyses found that lung CT parameters [RR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.15, 1.38),P<0.00001] and the clinical cure rate [RR = 1.26, 95%CI (1.16, 1.38),P<0.00001] of CHM combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 were better than those of conventional therapy. The rate of conversion to severe cases [RR = 0.48, 95%CI (0.32, 0.73),P= 0.0005], TCM symptom score of fever [MD = -0.62, 95%CI (-0.79, -0.45),P<0.00001], cough cases [RR = 1.43, 95%CI (1.16, 1.75),P= 0.0006], TCM symptom score of cough[MD = -1.07, 95%CI (-1.29, -0.85),P<0.00001], TCM symptom score of fatigue[MD = -0.66, 95%CI (-1.05, -0.28),P= 0.0007], and CRP[MD = -5.46, 95%CI (-8.19, -2.72),P<0.0001] of combination therapy was significantly lower than that of conventional therapy. The WBC count was significantly higher than that of conventional therapy[MD = 0.38, 95%CI (0.31, 0.44),P<0.00001]. Our meta-analysis results were robust through sensitivity analysis.ConclusionChinese herbal medicine combined with conventional therapy may be effective and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. More high-quality RCTs are needed in the future.
Assessment of cognitive screening tests as predictors of driving cessation: A prospective cohort study of a median 4-year follow-up
Authors: Kokkinakis Ioannis , Vaucher Paul , Cardoso Isabel , Favrat Bernard 
Published: August 2021

Background
Assessing fitness to drive and predicting driving cessation remains a challenge for primary care physicians using standard screening procedures. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the properties of neuropsychological screening tests, including the Trail Making Test (TMT), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Useful Field of View (UFOV), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, in predicting driving cessation for health reasons in drivers older than 70 years of age.

Design and methods
This prospective cohort study, with a median follow-up of 4 years for drivers of 70 years old or older with an active driving license in Switzerland, included 441 participants from a driving refresher course dedicated to volunteer senior drivers. Cases were drivers reported in the national driving registry who lost their license following a health-related accident, who were reported as unfit to drive by their physician or voluntarily ceased driving for health reasons. Survival analysis was used to measure the hazard ratio of driving cessation by adjusting for age and sex and to evaluate the predictive value of combining 3 or more positive tests in predicting driving cessation during a 4-year follow-up.

Results
A total of 1738 person-years were followed-up in the cohort, with 19 (4.3%) having ceased driving for health reasons. We found that participants with a TMT-A < 54 sec and TMT-B < 150 sec at baseline had a significantly lower cumulative hazard of driving cessation in 4 years than those with slower performance (adjusted HR 3, 95% CI: 1.16–7.78, p = 0.023). Participants who performed a CDT ≥ 5 had a significantly lower cumulative hazard of driving cessation (adjusted HR 2.89, 95% CI: 1.01–7.71, p = 0.033). Similarly, an MoCA score ≥ 26, TUG test <12 sec or a UFOV of low risk showed a lower but not significant cumulative risk at a median follow-up of 4 years. When using tests as a battery, those with three or more positive tests out of five were 3.46 times more likely to cease driving (95% CI: 1.31–9.13, p = 0.012).

Conclusions
The CDT and the TMT may predict driving cessation in a statistically significant way, with a better performance than the UFOV and MoCA tests during a median 4-year follow-up. Combining tests may increase the predictability of driving cessation. Although our results are consistent with current evidence, they should be interpreted with precaution; more than 95% of the participants above the set threshold were able to continue driving for 4 years without any serious incident.
Highly sensitive determination of α-lipoic acid in pharmaceuticals on a boron-doped diamond electrode
Authors: Skorupa Agata , Michalkiewicz Slawomir , Jakubczyk Magdalena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA simple, highly sensitive, and selective differential pulse voltammetry method for the determination of α-lipoic acid (LA) in pharmaceutical preparations was developed and validated. The method is based on a quasi-reversible, diffusion-controlled, one-electron anodic oxidation of LA on a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) in a McIlvaine (citrate-phosphate, C-PB) buffer solution at pH 3.0. For the first time, this environment was used for LA determination. A linear calibration curve was obtained within the concentration range 5.82 × 10−8to 4.00 × 10−4 mol L−1with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The limits of detection was estimated to be 1.94 × 10−8 mol L−1, which is one of the lowest values characteristic of voltammetric and chromatographic methods of LA determination. The proposed procedure is sensitive, accurate, and precise. Its utility was demonstrated in the determination of LA in pharmaceuticals without the need for its separation from the matrices. The results were comparable to those obtained by high performance liquid chromatography reference method and were in good accordance with the once declared by manufacturers. Thus, our method can be considered as an alternative to the dominant chromatographic determinations of α-LA in real samples.
Convolutional neural-network-based classification of retinal images with different combinations of filtering techniques
Authors: Priya Henry Asha Gnana , Jude Anitha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Retinal image analysis is one of the important diagnosis methods in modern ophthalmology because eye information is present in the retina. The image acquisition process may have some effects and can affect the quality of the image. This can be improved by better image enhancement techniques combined with the computer-aided diagnosis system. Deep learning is one of the important computational application techniques used for a medical imaging application. The main aim of this article is to find the best enhancement techniques for the identification of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and are tested with the commonly used deep learning techniques, and the performances are measured. In this article, the input image is taken from the Indian-based database named as Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset, and 13 filters are used including smoothing and sharpening filters for enhancing the images. Then, the quality of the enhancement techniques is compared using performance metrics and better results are obtained for Median, Gaussian, Bilateral, Wiener, and partial differential equation filters and are combined for improving the enhancement of images. The output images from all the enhanced filters are given as the convolutional neural network input and the results are compared to find the better enhancement method.
The Phoenix Model of Disengagement and Deradicalisation from Terrorism and Violent Extremism
Authors: Silke Andrew , Morrison John , Maiberg Heidi , Slay Chloe , Stewart Rebecca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImproving our understanding of how disengagement and deradicalisation from terrorism and violent extremism occurs has critical real-world implications. A systematic review of the recent literature in this area was conducted in order to develop a more refined and empirically-derived model of the processes involved. After screening more than 83,000 documents, we found 29 research reports which met the minimum quality thresholds. Thematic analysis identified key factors associated with disengagement and deradicalisation processes. Assessing the interactions of these factors produced the Phoenix Model of Disengagement and Deradicalisation which is described in this paper. Also examined are some of the potential policy and practice implications of the Phoenix Model, as are avenues for future research in this area.
Photoplasmonic assembly of dielectric-metal, Nd2O3-Gold soret nanointerfaces for dequenching the luminophore emission
Authors: Bhaskar Seemesh , Das Pratyusha , Moronshing Maku , Rai Aayush , Subramaniam Chandramouli , Bhaktha Shivakiran B. N. , Ramamurthy Sai Sathish 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A variety of materials such as low dimensional carbon substrates (1D, 2D, and 3D), nanoprisms, nanocubes, proteins, ceramics, and DNA to name a few, have been explored in surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) platform. While these offer new physicochemical insights, investigations have been limited to silver as primary plasmonic material. Although, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit robust performance, its intrinsic property to quench the emission from radiating dipoles (at distances < 5 nm) has impeded its utility. Despite the use of metal-dielectric resonances (with Au decorated SiO2 NPs) and sharp nanotips (from Au nanostars) for dequenching the emission, the enhancements obtained has been less than 200-fold in SPCE platform. To address these long-standing challenges, we demonstrate the utility of gold soret colloids (AuSCs) and photonic crystal-coupled emission (PCCE) platform. The soret nano-assemblies synthesized using adiabatic cooling technique presented integrated hotspots when taken with high refractive index Nd2O3 ‘Huygens sources’. The collective and coherent coupling between localized Mie and delocalized Bragg plasmons (of sorets), dielectric plasmons (of Nd2O3), highly confined and intense Bloch surface waves (of PCCE platform) aided in realization of dequenched, as well as amplified > 1500-fold enhancements at the photoplasmonic nanocavity interface, presenting new opportunities for multidisciplinary applications.