bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longer breastfeeding reduces the positive relationships among gestational weight gain, birthweight, and childhood growth (1017.11)
Authors: Zhu Yeyi , Hernandez Ladia , Dong Yongquan , Himes John , Hirschfeld Steven , Forman Michele 
Published: June 2021

Despite the well‐studied relationship between gestational weight gain (GWG) and childhood obesity, little is known about whether breastfeeding protects against obesity through GWG. We investigated the mediation effect of breastfeeding duration on the relationships among GWG, birthweight, and childhood growth in 1464 mothers and their children aged 0‐6 y in the National Children’s Study in Anthropometry. Child growth parameters included weight‐for‐age Z‐score (WAZ), height‐for‐age Z‐score (HAZ), weight‐for‐height Z‐score (WHZ), and body mass index Z‐score (BMIZ) based on CDC growth references. Structural equation modeling assessed both the direct and indirect effects of GWG on growth. After adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and perinatal covariates, GWG had significant direct effects on HAZ, WHZ, and BMIZ [path coefficients (β) = 0.055, 0.061, and 0.084, respectively]. In addition, birthweight mediated the positive relationships between GWG and all growth parameters whereas breastfeeding duration had negative effects on WAZ (β = ‐0.067, P < 0.01) and BMIZ (β = ‐0.09, P < 0.05). Thus, longer breastfeeding reduces the positive relationships among GWG, birthweight, and WAZ/BMIZ. Given that greater effects of breastfeeding duration were observed with increasing GWG, these findings underscore the importance of promoting breastfeeding following pregnancy to mitigate childhood obesity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by HHSN275200800020C
Comparative analysis of gut microbiota of breast‐ and formula‐fed Korean infants by using pyrosequencing (1017.4)
Authors: Lim Ji Ye , Lee Sang A , Rhie Mi Na , Kim Bong‐Soo , Cho Su Jin , Kim Ok Bin , Kim Yuri 
Published: June 2021

Infant feeding is one of the significant determinants of the intestinal microbiota in early life. Although numerous researches have performed to investigate the bacteria community in the infant gut, culture‐based methods had showed limited bacteria population. Recently, pyrosequencing, a new high throughtput DNA sequencing technique, has been introduced and applied to explore microbiome. The purpose of this study was to compare the compositions of the fecal microbiota of Korean infants fed breast milk to those of infants fed milk formula. We examined microbial communities in fecal samples collected from 20 Korean infants at 4 weeks of age using pyrosequencing. Diversity analysis of total microbiota sequences revealed that a more diverse collection in milk formula‐fed infants (MFI), whereas, the probiotics, including S. salivarius, L. gasseri, and B. longum were abundant in the microbiota of breast milk‐fed infants (BFI). Moreover, Bifidobacteriaceae were significantly abundant in BFI compared with those of FFI. Our study is the first attempt to analyze gut microbiota in Korean infants by using pyrosequencing, which may provide valuable information to future study of the role of intestinal microbiota affecting in adulthood.Grant Funding Source: Ewha Womans University Research Grant of 2013.
Maternal attitudes toward human milk sharing (1017.7)
Authors: O'Sullivan Elizabeth , Geraghty Sheela , Rasmussen Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

Sharing of expressed human milk (HM) is becoming increasingly common in the US. Little is known about mothers’ opinions of this practice. Our goal was to gain a deeper understanding of maternal attitudes toward HM sharing. We conducted retrospective interviews (n = 30) with a diverse sample of mothers of children aged ~1‐3 years. Women were asked how they felt about HM sharing generally as well as their personal experience of providing or obtaining HM. Interviews were transcribed and themes were identified using an inductive approach. Several women had provided HM for another infant and some had obtained HM from another woman. Providers often had excess HM that they did not think that their infant would ever consume. Obtainers either did not produce enough HM or they had another medical condition affecting their ability to feed their own HM. Many interviewees were open to the idea of providing HM for another infant; however, fewer said they would be willing to obtain HM from another woman. Many women, whether they obtained HM or not, expressed concern about the dietary habits or disease status of HM providers; only a few mentioned hygienic HM expression and handling. It was generally assumed that, if the HM was being consumed by the provider’s own child, then it must be safe. Given the potential for microbial contamination of expressed HM, the extent of HM sharing and its safety must be determined.Grant Funding Source: EOS was supported by an International Fulbright Science & Technology Award
Yogurt consumption, socio‐demographic factors and lifestyle of the Italian population: results from the INRAN‐SCAI 2005‐06 food consumption survey (1018.2)
Authors: Turrini Aida , D'Addezio Laura , Mistura Lorenza , Sette Stefania 
Published: June 2021

Yogurt consumption and associated parameters were analysed on a subsample of 2831 subjects 蠅18 years from the INRAN‐SCAI 2005‐06 survey. Association of yogurt consumption with socio‐demographics, smoking and alcohol habits, physical activity, dieting, regular breakfast intake, eating out habits, and interest for nutrition information was evaluated through logistic regression analysis.Mean intake of yogurt, based on 3 consecutive days, was 21 g/day, with 24% of consumers who had a mean intake of 88 g/day. Females were twice as likely to consume yogurt. Likelihood of consumption was higher for 18‐64 vs. 蠅65 year olds, Northern &amp; Central vs. Southern regions, and for higher (蠅2 h/week) vs. lower (<2 h/week) physical activity. Smokers were 30% less likely to consume yogurt than non‐smokers. Regular breakfast consumers were 2.7 times more likely to eat yogurt than those who skipped it, knowing that breakfast was the moment of consumption for which highest intake was registered (8.3 g/day vs. 4.8 g/day for snacking). Those who reported to often eat out showed a reduced tendency to consume yogurt.Finally, yogurt consumers also showed a positive trend towards a better diet quality (PanDiet score) and increasing interest in nutritional information.In conclusion, Italian population has a low consumer rate of yogurt but data suggest that consumption of this product is associated with several healthy lifestyle parameters.Grant Funding Source: Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso
Recent decreases in beverage calories among U.S. preschoolers slowed by economic recession (1023.3)
Authors: Ford Christopher , Ng Shu Wen , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

NHANES data show decreases in caloric intake in preschool children from 2003 to 2010. The effect of the Great Recession on beverage intake trends is unclear, as the cross‐sectional NHANES analyses cannot control for economic factors. Thus, we compare trends in preschooler beverage intakes in NHANES to trends in beverage purchases, adjusted for socioeconomic factors, among households with preschoolers in Nielsen Homescan.We included 3,358 preschoolers (age 2‐5y) from NHANES 2003/04 to 2009/10, and 14,700 households with preschoolers from Nielsen Homescan 2003 to 2012. For total beverages, juice/juice drinks, sodas, plain milks, and sweetened milks, we computed mean intakes per capita/d using NHANES data, and adjusted per capita/d purchases using Homescan data and random effects models controlling for household composition, demographics, market‐quarter unemployment rates and food/ beverage prices.Between 2003 to 2010, unadjusted per capita intake and purchases for total beverages fell by an annual average of 2.7% and 3.4% respectively. After adjusting for economic factors, total beverage purchases fell by an annual average of 6.6% between 2003 and 2010. For juice/juice drinks, plain milks and sweetened milks, average annual decreases in beverage purchases were more slightly more pronounced than those for beverage intakes. After adjusting household beverage purchases for socioeconomic factors and prices, average annual decreases in household purchases for all beverage groups (including total beverages) were even more pronounced than unadjusted household beverage purchases. Adjusted annualized decreases in household beverage purchases from 2009/10 to 2011/12 were similar to those of prior years.Decreases in beverage purchases, adjusted for socioeconomic factors, were more pronounced than unadjusted decreases in beverage intakes and purchases, suggesting that the Great Recession attenuated a secular decline in preschooler beverage trends that persisted through 2012.Grant Funding Source: Supported by RWJF (Grant 70017), NIH (R01DK098072) and CPC (5 R24 HD050924)
Micronutrient intakes among U.S. children: understanding variability in different age and gender groupings in NHANES 2007‐2010 (1024.13)
Authors: Eldridge Alison , Rytz Andreas , Van der Horst Klazine , Fulgoni Victor 
Published: June 2021

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) presents Dietary Reference Intake recommendations according to specified age, gender and life‐stage groups, including 1‐3 years and 4‐8 years for children, and 9‐13 years and 14‐18 years separately for males and females. Researchers, however, often present dietary intake data using different groupings. This project used data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007‐2010 to evaluate the variability in reported intakes of micronutrients in children using various age and gender cut‐offs. The IOM groupings were used, but since dietary intake data from NHANES are not available for 1‐year‐olds, a grouping for 2‐3 year olds was used instead. In addition, intake data for 4‐6 year olds, 7‐9 year olds, 10‐12 year olds, 13‐18 year olds and 4‐12 year olds were also evaluated for both genders combined and for males and females separately. The National Cancer Institute method was used to adjust the NHANES dietary intake data to provide more reliable estimates of habitual consumption (NCI, 2012). Variability of micronutrient intakes and percentage of the population below recommended intakes within each age and gender category were evaluated using z‐scores. Finding the most relevant age groups to present dietary intake data is important because the type and amount of foods eaten change throughout growth and development. Age categories should reflect these changes to best understand dietary patterns.Grant Funding Source: Nestle Research Center
Comparison of childhood cancer survivors’ dietary intake with U.S. dietary guidelines (1024.2)
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Saltzman Edward , Must Aviva , Liu Shanshan , Kelly Michael , Parsons Susan , Roberts Susan 
Published: June 2021

Despite improved survival, childhood cancer survivors are at a much higher risk of developing chronic health conditions than their siblings. Poor diet quality increases chronic health risk but the diet quality of childhood cancer survivors has not been adequately studied. We assessed the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) in 22 childhood cancer survivors and compared survivors’ dietary intake to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Dietary data were collected using repeated 24‐hour diet recalls over a one‐year study period. The mean HEI 2010 in childhood cancer survivors was 52.7. Long‐term survivors who were off‐treatment 蠅10 years had a significantly lower HEI than recent survivors who were off‐treatment< 5 years (β = ‐11.5, 95% CI: ‐22.1, ‐0.9, p=0.047). For individual nutrients, none of the survivors met the guidelines for dietary fiber and potassium intake. Only 29%, 24%, 19% and 4% met the guidelines for saturated fat, calcium, sodium and vitamin D intake. The average intake in relative to the guidelines was 63% for fiber, 85% for calcium, 32% for vitamin D, and 50% for potassium, but was 115% for saturated fat and 143% for sodium. Childhood cancer survivors, in particular long‐term survivors, have a poor diet quality as determined using the HEI 2010. Targeted dietary interventions are needed to address the poor diet quality in childhood cancer survivors early during survivorship.Grant Funding Source: P30DK46200, UL1RR025752, UL1TR000073
Postprandial inflammatory responses and plasma‐free fatty acids: effects of blueberry intake (1034.6)
Authors: Ono‐Moore Kikumi , Snodgrass Ryan , Huang Shurong , Singh Shamsher , Burnett Dustin , Bonnel Ellen , Woodhouse Leslie , Freytag Tammy , Zunino Susan , Rutledge John , Hwang Daniel 
Published: June 2021

We studied whether a high‐fat (HF) meal‐induced postprandial (PP) lipemia affects inflammatory responses in blood monocytes, and whether blueberry intake suppresses the PP inflammatory responses in healthy human subjects. A HF breakfast increased PP plasma triglycerides and insulin, but non‐esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) levels were decreased compared to fasting levels. TNF‐α , IL‐6 and IL‐8 in PP plasma were decreased compared to fasting levels. Cytokine and NEFA levels in PP plasma were not affected by blueberry intake. To determine whether endogenous NEFAs derived from the HF diet stimulate monocyte activation, whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). LPL treatment of whole blood increased NEFA levels and secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. IL‐1β in LPL‐treated PP whole blood was elevated compared to fasting control. Blueberry intake suppressed IL‐1β and IL‐6 production without affecting levels of NEFAs released in LPL‐treated PP blood when fasting controls were used as a covariate. LPL treatment also increased NEFA and cytokine levels in PBMC. Together, these results demonstrate that NEFA levels in plasma or whole blood are an important determinant affecting pro‐inflammatory cytokine production. Therefore, modulation of levels of plasma NEFA by dietary means could be an effective strategy to suppress HF diet‐induced inflammatory responses.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA‐ARS‐WHNRC Funds and US Highbush Blueberry Council grant
The effect of solid, semi‐solid and fluid snacks on food intake and satiety in children (1040.6)
Authors: Li Athena , Gheller Brandon , McCormick Mary , Bellissimo Nick , Anini Younes , Nunes Fernando , Hamilton Jill , Mollard Rebecca , Anderson G. Harvey , Luhovyy Bohdan 
Published: June 2021

The increase in the frequency of snacking and the types of snacks consumed among children may contribute to metabolic disorders including obesity and diabetes. The objective of this study was to explore the short‐term effects of dairy and non‐dairy snacks on subjective satiety and food intake in children. Methods: In a repeated‐measures design, 23 normal weight (5th‐85th BMI percentile) children (16 girls and 7 boys; aged 9‐14 y) were randomly assigned to one of five isocaloric (180 kcal) treatments including solid foods: deep fried potato chips (32g), mini sandwich type cookies (39g), and mozzarella cheese (63g), semi‐solid: Greek yogurt (200g), and fluid: milk (2% milk fat, 346g). Following a 12hr overnight fast, participants consumed a standardized breakfast two hours prior to each study session. Subjective appetite was measured with visual analogue scale questionnaires before and at 15, 30, 45, 90, 120 and 145 min after the treatment. Food intake was measured with an ad libitum pizza meal provided at 120 min. Results: Food intake was 82 kcal lower after the cheese treatment compared to the milk treatment (P<0.05) while the other treatments led to the intermediate results. There was an effect of time (P<0.0001), but no treatment or time‐by‐treatment effect on subjective average appetite. Conclusion: A solid dairy snack (cheese) is effective in reducing food intake in children.Grant Funding Source: Dairy Farmers of Canada
The bioavailability iron, zinc and copper in the rat due to their interactions (1042.8)
Authors: Gordon Dennis , Ellersick Mark 
Published: June 2021

There are many factors believed to influence nutrient bioavailability. However, possibly the most significant factors affecting the bioavailability of Fe, Zn and Cu, because of their similar chemical nature, are their levels in the body and dietary concentrations. The ultimate objective and results of this interaction study in rats and related studies in pigs and humans were used to formulate foods with optimum mineral concentrations to achieve optimum bioavailability. First determining the threshold levels of Fe, Zn and Cu needed to sustain adequate status in weanling rats, 36 groups of 5 animals per groups, were randomly arranged in a 3 (Fe) X 4(Zn) X 3(Cu) factorial. While all nutrients were constant in the AIN‐76 diet, dietary levels in ppm were: Fe, 18, 90 and 270; Zn, 8.5, 10.5, 42.5 and; Cu, 2, 10 and 40. Mineral status among all groups after 28 days ad libitum feeing was assessed by Hb levels, and liver and femur Fe, Zn and Cu concentrations. Significant interactions were observed for replication, Fe, Zn, Cu, Fe*Zn, Fe*Cu, Zn*Cu and Fe*Zn*Cu and with few exceptions all at P蠄0.01. The most significant and important interaction among Fe*Zn*Cu were/are illustrated using response surface methodology. Taking into consideration the most appropriate level of one element to be added to a food, estimates for the other two elements at that level could be determined and the process can be completed/repeated for all three elements.Grant Funding Source: Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station
A nano‐emulsion of lutein is more effective than regular lutein in reducing hepatic inflammation in guinea pigs (1044.15)
Authors: Murillo Gabriela , Aguilar David , Missimer Amanda , Kakumanu Srikanth , Nicolosi Robert , Bolling Bradley , Fernandez Maria Luz 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of consuming regular lutein versus lutein in a nano‐emulsion on hepatic liver enzymes and gene expression inflammatory markers in guinea pigs. For that purpose, we fed guinea pigs a hypercholesterolemic (0.25 g/100g dietary cholesterol) diet for 12 weeks to induce liver injury. Guinea pigs consumed either 0.9 mg/d of regular lutein (control) (n= 8 guinea pigs) or a nano‐emulsion (NANO) (average diameter 422 nm) (n = 8 guinea pigs). Plasma lipids and glucose were not different between treatments. However hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), markers of liver function were 54 and 50% lower, respectively in guinea pigs fed the NANO emulsion (p< 0.005). Hepatic and plasma lutein were measured by HPLC and gene expression was evaluated by use of RT‐PCR. There were no significant differences between groups in either plasma or hepatic lutein concentrations, although there was a trend for higher plasma lutein in the NANO group (p=0.084). Gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 was not different between groups. In contrast although the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha was 70% higher in guinea pigs fed the control group, they were not different between groups due to the high variability. These results indicate that using the same amount of dietary lutein, a nano‐emulsion is more effective in protecting the liver against diet‐induced inflammation.Grant Funding Source: UConn Experimental Station
Assessment of NETosis in patients with primary immunodeficiencies: evidence for a ROS‐independent pathway (1046.6)
Authors: Byrd Angel , O'Brien Xian , Johnson Courtney , Zarember Kol , Sampaio Elizabeth , Laforce‐Nesbitt Sonia , Bliss Joseph , Newburger Peter , Holland Steven , Reichner Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Neutrophil‐mediated host defenses against pathogens include the extrusion of a lattice of DNA and microbicidal enzymes known as Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Since the host response of extravasated neutrophils to mycotic infections within tissues necessitates contact with extracellular matrices, this study also identified a novel and significant regulatory role for the ubiquitous matrix component fibronectin (Fn) in NET release. We report that recognition of the purified fungal‐associated molecular pattern, β‐glucan, by normal human neutrophils causes rapid (蠄 30 mins) homotypic aggregation and NET release by a mechanism that requires Fn. NET formation to Candida albicans hyphae depends on β‐glucan recognition by CR3 (CD11b/CD18), requires Fn and ERK but not production of ROS, and results in hyphal destruction. To better understand the genotypic and phenotypic correlations of NET disgorgement in the host defense we assayed responses to Fn + β‐glucan by neutrophils from various patient populations including: GATA2 deficiency, Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD), STAT3 loss‐of‐function mutation, STAT1 gain‐of‐function mutation, IL‐12R β2 chain mutation, IFNγ receptor mutation, IRAK 4 deficiency, and neonatal PMNs. Surprisingly, and in contrast with previous reports, CGD and neonatal patient neutrophils formed aggregates and NETs even when treated with DPI to block residual ROS production. These data support our previous findings that the respiratory burst is dispensable for PMN aggregation and NET extrusion. Mechanisms involving STAT1, STAT3 and GATA2 may potentially mediate Fn + β‐glucan‐induced NETosis or aggregation, whereas IRAK4, IL‐12 and IFNγ do not appear to play a major role. Further studies will challenge patient cells with C. albicans to better understand mediators of phagocyte responses and help elucidate the mechanisms in rapid release of NETs to fungal pathogens.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH Grant GM066194; A.S. Byrd is supported by the UNCF/Merck Graduate Fellowship
The effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on matrix metalloprotease activity in tendinopathy (1046.8)
Authors: Waugh Charlie , Jones Eleanor , Riley Graham , Langberg Henning , Morrissey Dylan , Screen Hazel 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is an effective, non‐invasive treatment for degenerative tendinopathies, however, the biological mechanisms underpinning its therapeutic effects are largely unknown.METHODS The local tissue response of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ‐2 and ‐9 (gelatinases involved in extracellular matrix remodelling) to ESWT was examined in 18 healthy (18 Achilles) and 10 degenerative (4 Achilles, 6 patellar) tendons using microdialysis. Dialysate samples were collected from the peritendinous space before and after a single ESWT session. Analysis of MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities were completed using gelatin zymography.RESULTS Active MMP‐9 increased ~350% after ESWT, whereas pro‐MMP‐9 was not detected in our samples. There was a ~200% increase in a heavy MMP‐2 complex (~135 kDa; likely an MMP‐2 dimer) after ESWT when compared to baseline, however, levels of pro‐ and active MMP‐2 monomers did not change significantly. There were no response differences between healthy and degenerative tendons.CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence of the biological mechanisms underpinning ESWT in humans in vivo. Our findings are consistent with studies examining MMP activity after exercise and suggest that the mechanical stimulus provided by ESWT might initiate tendon remodeling in tendinopathy by promoting the catabolic processes required to remove damaged matrix constituents.Grant Funding Source: Engineering and Physical Sciences Reserach Council Knowledge Transfer Partnership