bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring to know a name: An examination of New York City student attitudes towards knowing a tree's name
Authors: Wyner Yael , Doherty Jennifer H. 
Published: December 2021

Societal Impact StatementAs the world becomes more urbanized, people place less value on knowing the biodiversity that surrounds them. Engagement with trees is hindered by an additional barrier, plant blindness, the tendency of people to ignore plants entirely. To help educators make tree diversity learning meaningful to students, this research aims to understand whether observing trees improves student dispositions towards knowing and observing trees, whether positive dispositions improve student learning about trees, and the reasons why urban middle school students care or do not care to know tree names.Summary

To improve student engagement with local plant diversity, we developed a curriculum for New York City (NYC) students (Grades 6–8, ages 11–14) to help them scientifically observe the trees they pass daily.
This study reports results from preassessments/postassessments that explore students' dispositions towards knowing and observing trees and how these dispositions relate to learning. Participants included 150 intervention and 100 comparison students. In addition, 19 students were interviewed at three different time points.
Findings indicate that a tree observation and identification curriculum positively influenced students' dispositions towards knowing and observing trees, but 6 months after implementation, student interest had returned near to where it had begun. In addition, socioeconomic status had little impact on students' dispositions, and no relationship was found between dispositions and learning. Findings also show that as a baseline, about 25% of students care about knowing a tree's name. We grouped the reasons students provided into 17 categories, 10 for caring and 7 for not caring. The most frequently stated categories for caring were liking to know, knowing a name helps me know more, and knowing a tree's name helps me know my surroundings. The most stated categories for not caring were that knowing a tree's name is unimportant for my day‐to‐day life and all trees look the same.
Student reasons for caring and not caring are a compelling guide to the difficult task of making trees meaningful for students, an important step for empowering students to learn more about the trees that surround them.
Differences in health policies for drug availability in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension across Latin America
Authors: Orozco‐Levi Mauricio , Cáneva Jorge , Fernandes Caio , Restrepo‐Jaramillo Ricardo , Zayas Nayeli , Conde Rafael , Diez Mirta , Jardim Carlos , Pacheco Gallego Manuel C. , Melatini Luciano , Valdéz Héctor , Pulido Tomás 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTreatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in Latin America differs between countries, with regard to disease etiology, health insurance coverage, and drug availability. A group of experts from Latin America, met to share regional experiences and propose possible lines of collaboration. The available evidence, regional clinical practice data, and the global context of the proceedings of the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension, held in Nice, France, in February 2018, were analyzed. Here, we discuss some priority concepts identified that could guide transnational interaction and research strategies in Latin America: (1) despite being evidence‐based, the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension proceedings may not be applicable in Latin American countries; (2) proactive identification and diagnosis of patients in Latin America is needed; (3) education of physicians and standardization of appropriate treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is vital; (4) our clinical experience for the treatment strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is based on drug availability in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and México; (5) there are difficulties inherent to the consultation of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and access to treatment; (6) the importance of data generation and research of Latin American‐specific issues related to pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is highlighted.
Pulsatile pulmonary artery pressure in a large animal model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Similarities and differences with human data
Authors: Boulate David , Loisel Fanny , Coblence Mathieu , Provost Bastien , Todesco Alban , Decante Benoit , Beurnier Antoine , Herve Philippe , Perros Frédéric , Humbert Marc , Fadel Elie , Mercier Olaf , Chemla Denis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA striking feature of the human pulmonary circulation is that mean (mPAP) and systolic (sPAP) pulmonary artery pressures (PAPs) are strongly related and, thus, are essentially redundant. According to the empirical formula documented under normotensive and hypertensive conditions (mPAP = 0.61 sPAP + 2 mmHg), sPAP matches ~160%mPAP on average. This attests to the high pulsatility of PAP, as also witnessed by the near equality of PA pulse pressure and mPAP. Our prospective study tested if pressure redundancy and high pulsatility also apply in a piglet model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). At baseline (Week‐0, W0), Sham (n = 8) and CTEPH (n = 27) had similar mPAP and stroke volume. At W6, mPAP increased in CTEPH only, with a two‐ to three‐fold increase in PA stiffness and total pulmonary resistance. Seven CTEPH piglets were also studied at W16 at baseline, after volume loading, and after acute pulmonary embolism associated with dobutamine infusion. There was a strong linear relationship between sPAP and mPAP (1) at W0 and W6 (n = 70 data points,r² = 0.95); (2) in the subgroup studied at W16 (n = 21,r² = 0.97); and (3) when all data were pooled (n = 91,r² = 0.97, sPAP range 9–112 mmHg). The PA pulsatility was lower than that expected based on observations in humans: sPAP matched ~120%mPAP only and PA pulse pressure was markedly lower than mPAP. In conclusion, the redundancy between mPAP and sPAP seems a characteristic of the pulmonary circulation independent of the species. However, it is suggested that the sPAP thresholds used to define PH in animals are species‐ and/or model‐dependent and thus must be validated.
Remaining useful life prediction for bivariate deteriorating systems under dynamic operational conditions
Authors: Sun Fuqiang , Guo Hongxuan , Wang Ning , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe existing studies on degradation modeling and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction have typically been conducted on the basis of the following two assumptions: one is the single degradation indicator, and the other is the neglect of the influence of dynamic operating conditions. However, they are oversimplified for the real‐world situations. In this paper, a bivariate degradation modeling method based on the Bayesian dynamic model (BDM) and a joint RUL distribution prediction method is proposed. The covariate model is adopted to illustrate the influence of the dynamic operating conditions on the degradation process. A time‐varying copula method is used to describe the joint RUL distributions of the bivariate system. A real case study on the microwave device is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.
Development of a peak extraction method using the high‐resolution matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and machine learning techniques: Analysis of peak shapes
Authors: Satoh Takaya , Takei Masahiko , Uematsu Fuminori 
Published: December 2021

RationaleCombining matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis is a powerful tool for visualizing polymers in complex mass spectra. The identification of minor polymers by KMD analysis requires reduction of the broad noise peaks often observed in the low‐mass region.MethodsA machine‐learning model was created using pix2pixHD. It converts an original mass spectrum into a pseudo‐mass spectrum that contains only the original peaks at m/z positions that the model judges as sharp single‐component peaks. It reduces noise by selecting only the m/z and intensity values from the original spectrum's peak list that correspond to peaks in the pseudo‐mass spectrum.ResultsA machine‐learning model was applied to a low‐concentration polymer mass spectrum observed at m/z <2000. Extracting single‐component peaks from the mass spectrum made the minor polymer series appear clearly in the KMD plot. The technique facilitated mass spectrometric imaging of the ultraviolet degradation of polyethylene terephthalate by plotting the polymers' spatial distributions. It could also distinguish between polymer series (before and after degradation) to identify their separate spatial distributions.ConclusionsA machine‐learning method for peak extraction from high‐resolution MALDI‐TOFMS was developed. Single‐component peaks of the mass spectrum were distinguished from noise peaks by their peak shapes. Combining with KMD analysis facilitated the identification of minor polymer series in complex mass spectra.
Talent management in the “new normal”—Case study of Indian IT services multinationals in China
Authors: Thite Mohan , Rammal Hussain Gulzar , Ferreira João J. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmerging market multinational corporations (MNCs) are coming under increasing scrutiny for their international performance. While the success of Indian IT multinationals in the West has been extensively researched and reported, there is a lack of research on their relative failure in China. The rise of economic nationalism and the COVID‐19 pandemic pose challenges for the mobility of professionals and the global talent management (GTM) strategy of MNCs. Through in‐depth interviews with senior managers from four well‐known Indian IT services multinationals, this article presents an evidence‐based critique of the design and implementation of their GTM strategy both inside and outside China. It focuses specifically on the quality of the IT talent pool in China, control and coordination issues, and the challenges of workforce localization.
Artificial virtuous agents: from theory to machine implementation
Authors: Stenseke Jakob 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVirtue ethics has many times been suggested as a promising recipe for the construction of artificial moral agents due to its emphasis on moral character and learning. However, given the complex nature of the theory, hardly any work has de facto attempted to implement the core tenets of virtue ethics in moral machines. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate how virtue ethics can be taken all the way from theory to machine implementation. To achieve this goal, we critically explore the possibilities and challenges for virtue ethics from a computational perspective. Drawing on previous conceptual and technical work, we outline a version of artificial virtue based on moral functionalism, connectionist bottom–up learning, and eudaimonic reward. We then describe how core features of the outlined theory can be interpreted in terms of functionality, which in turn informs the design of components necessary for virtuous cognition. Finally, we present a comprehensive framework for the technical development of artificial virtuous agents and discuss how they can be implemented in moral environments.
Production of galactosylated complex-type N-glycans in glycoengineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Piirainen Mari A. , Salminen Heidi , Frey Alexander D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
N-glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification affecting the properties and quality of therapeutic proteins. Glycoengineering in yeast aims to produce proteins carrying human-compatible glycosylation, enabling the production of therapeutic proteins in yeasts. In this work, we demonstrate further development and characterization of a glycoengineering strategy in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δalg3 Δalg11 strain where a truncated Man3GlcNAc2 glycan precursor is formed due to a disrupted lipid-linked oligosaccharide synthesis pathway. We produced galactosylated complex-type and hybrid-like N-glycans by expressing a human galactosyltransferase fusion protein both with and without a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase domain from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our results showed that the presence of the UDP-glucose 4-epimerase domain was beneficial for the production of digalactosylated complex-type glycans also when extracellular galactose was supplied, suggesting that the positive impact of the UDP-glucose 4-epimerase domain on the galactosylation process can be linked to other processes than its catalytic activity. Moreover, optimization of the expression of human GlcNAc transferases I and II and supplementation of glucosamine in the growth medium increased the formation of galactosylated complex-type glycans. Additionally, we provide further characterization of the interfering mannosylation taking place in the glycoengineered yeast strain.

Key points
• Glycoengineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae can form galactosylated N-glycans.
• Genetic constructs impact the activities of the expressed glycosyltransferases.
• Growth medium supplementation increases formation of target N-glycan structure.
A deletion containing a CTCF-element in intron 8 of the Bbs7 gene is partially responsible for juvenile obesity in the Berlin Fat Mouse
Authors: Krause Florian , Mohebian Kourosh , Delpero Manuel , Hesse Deike , Kühn Ralf , Arends Danny , Brockmann Gudrun A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred (BFMI) line is a model for juvenile obesity. Previous studies on crosses between BFMI and C57Bl/6N (B6N) have identified a recessive defect causing juvenile obesity on chromosome 3 (jObes1). Bbs7 was identified as the most likely candidate gene for the observed effect. Comparative sequence analysis showed a 1578 bp deletion in intron 8 of Bbs7 in BFMI mice. A CTCF-element is located inside this deletion. To investigate the functional effect of this deletion, it was introduced into B6N mice using CRISPR/Cas9. Two mice containing the target deletion were obtained (B6N Bbs7emI8∆1 and Bbs7emI8∆2) and were subsequently mated to BFMI and B6N to generate two families suitable for complementation. Inherited alleles were determined and body composition was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance. Evidence for a partial complementation (13.1–15.1%) of the jObes1 allele by the CRISPR/Cas9 modified B6N Bbs7emI8∆1 and Bbs7emI8∆2 alleles was found. Mice carrying the complementation alleles had a 23–27% higher fat-to-lean ratio compared to animals which have a B6N allele (P(Bbs7emI8∆1) = 4.25 × 10–7; P(Bbs7emI8∆2) = 3.17 × 10–5). Consistent with previous findings, the recessive effect of the BFMI allele was also seen for the B6N Bbs7emI8∆1 and Bbs7emI8∆2 alleles. However, the effect size of the B6N Bbs7emI8∆1 and Bbs7emI8∆2 alleles was smaller than the BFMI allele, and thus showed only a partial complementation. Findings suggest additional variants near Bbs7 in addition to or interacting with the deletion in intron 8.
On regular and random two-dimensional packing of crosses
Authors: Stannarius Ralf , Schulze Jonas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPacking problems, even of objects with regular geometries, are in general non-trivial. For few special shapes, the features of crystalline as well as random, irregular two-dimensional (2D) packing structures are known. The packing of 2D crosses does not yet belong to the category of solved problems. We demonstrate in experiments with crosses of different aspect ratios (arm width to length) which packing fractions are actually achieved by random packing, and we compare them to densest regular packing structures. We determine local correlations of the orientations and positions after ensembles of randomly placed crosses were compacted in the plane until they jam. Short-range orientational order is found over 2 to 3 cross lengths. Similarly, correlations in the spatial distributions of neighbors extend over 2 to 3 crosses. There is no simple relation between the geometries of the crosses and the peaks in the spatial correlation functions, but some features of the orientational correlations can be traced to typical local configurations.
Characteristics of healthy German children and adolescents across tertiles of calcaneal stiffness index
Authors: Heydenreich Juliane , Schweter Antje , Lührmann Petra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aim
Identifying risk factors for low bone stiffness index (SI) might be one crucial strategy for osteoporosis prevention. Purpose was to characterize healthy schoolchildren across tertiles of SI.

Subject and methods
In 248 girls (13.4 ± 1.9 years, BMI: 20.2 ± 4.8 kg/m2) and 231 boys (13.6 ± 1.7 years, BMI: 19.3 ± 3.3 kg/m2), the following parameters were assessed: calcaneal SI (quantitative ultrasound), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), Bone Healthy Eating Index (BoneHEI; food frequency questionnaire), and physical activity level (PAL; activity questionnaire). Participants were classified according to age- and sex-specific SI tertiles (low, medium, and high). Between-group comparisons were achieved by Kruskal–Wallis-H-tests (α = 0.05).

Results
Girls with low SI had significantly lower body mass (49.2 ± 16.7 vs 54.8 ± 12.2 kg; p < 0.01), BMI (19.6 ± 5.4 vs 21.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2; p < 0.0001), fat-free mass (36.3 ± 8.3 vs 39.5 ± 6.0 kg; p < 0.01), and fat mass (23.7 ± 9.1 vs 26.8 ± 7.2%; p < 0.05) compared to those with high SI. In boys, significant differences between low and high SI were obtained for PAL (1.49 ± 0.12 vs 1.56 ± 0.14; p < 0.01). BoneHEI was not significantly different between tertiles in both sexes.

Conclusion
Girls with low body mass and boys with low PAL have a higher risk for low SI. Schoolchildren should strive for normal body mass and perform regular physical activity.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex Mediates Hyperalgesia and Anxiety Induced by Chronic Pancreatitis in Rats
Authors: Ren Dan , Li Jia-Ni , Qiu Xin-Tong , Wan Fa-Ping , Wu Zhen-Yu , Fan Bo-Yuan , Zhang Ming-Ming , Chen Tao , Li Hui , Bai Yang , Li Yun-Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCentral sensitization is essential in maintaining chronic pain induced by chronic pancreatitis (CP), but cortical modulation of painful CP remains elusive. Here, we examined the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the pathogenesis of abdominal hyperalgesia in a rat model of CP induced by intraductal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS treatment resulted in long-term abdominal hyperalgesia and anxiety in rats. Morphological data indicated that painful CP induced a significant increase in FOS-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and ACC, and some FOS-expressing neurons in the NTS projected to the ACC. In addition, a larger portion of ascending fibers from the NTS innervated pyramidal neurons, the neural subpopulation primarily expressing FOS under the condition of painful CP, rather than GABAergic neurons within the ACC. CP rats showed increased expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1, and increased membrane trafficking and phosphorylation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit NR2B and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluR1 within the ACC. Microinjection of NMDAR and AMPAR antagonists into the ACC to block excitatory synaptic transmission significantly attenuated abdominal hyperalgesia in CP rats, which was similar to the analgesic effect of endomorphins injected into the ACC. Specifically inhibiting the excitability of ACC pyramidal cells via chemogenetics reduced both hyperalgesia and comorbid anxiety, whereas activating these neurons via optogenetics failed to aggravate hyperalgesia and anxiety in CP rats. Taken together, these findings provide neurocircuit, biochemical, and behavioral evidence for involvement of the ACC in hyperalgesia and anxiety in CP rats, as well as novel insights into the cortical modulation of painful CP, and highlights the ACC as a potential target for neuromodulatory interventions in the treatment of painful CP.
AI Startup Business Models
Authors: Weber Michael , Beutter Moritz , Weking Jörg , Böhm Markus , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe currently observe the rapid emergence of startups that use Artificial Intelligence (AI) as part of their business model. While recent research suggests that AI startups employ novel or different business models, one could argue that AI technology has been used in business models for a long time already—questioning the novelty of those business models. Therefore, this study investigates how AI startup business models potentially differ from common IT-related business models. First, a business model taxonomy of AI startups is developed from a sample of 100 AI startups and four archetypal business model patterns are derived: AI-charged Product/Service Provider, AI Development Facilitator, Data Analytics Provider, and Deep Tech Researcher. Second, drawing on this descriptive analysis, three distinctive aspects of AI startup business models are discussed: (1) new value propositions through AI capabilities, (2) different roles of data for value creation, and (3) the impact of AI technology on the overall business logic. This study contributes to our fundamental understanding of AI startup business models by identifying their key characteristics, common instantiations, and distinctive aspects. Furthermore, this study proposes promising directions for future entrepreneurship research. For practice, the taxonomy and patterns serve as structured tools to support entrepreneurial action.
Agronomic performance of ten perennial ryegrass varieties on commercial grassland farms
Authors: Hearn C. , Egan M. , Berry D.P. , Geoghegan A. , O'Leary M. , Lynch M.B. , O'Donovan M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLittle information is available on the phenotypic performance of perennial ryegrass varieties when exposed to grazing conditions on commercial grassland farms. Grass varieties are classically evaluated in mechanically defoliated plot systems which, although designed to mimic grazing conditions, do not fully capture the range of stresses or interactions that a sward is subjected to under commercial settings or over any period longer than 4 years. The evolution of technology in the form of PastureBase Ireland has led to agronomic data of individual paddocks being made available for analysis over multiple years. Data used in the current study consisted of dry matter (DM) production and ground score data across a 7-year period from ten perennial ryegrass varieties grown as monocultures in 559 paddocks on 98 commercial farms. The results demonstrated how perennial ryegrass variety is associated with a range of agronomic performance traits on commercial farms; including total and seasonal DM production, grazing DM production and number of grazing events. Varieties with the highest total DM production also had the highest spring and mid-season DM production; autumn DM production was associated with the interaction between variety and year. The highest producing variety in the study, AberGain, produced 1342 kg DM/ha/year more than the mean of all other varieties. Variety differences manifested themselves as swards aged, with some varieties increasing in total DM production while others reduced in total DM production. The current work provides a basis for the consideration of on-farm variety assessment in the composition of future variety evaluation protocols.