bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio Active Compound Analysis of Croton scabiosus Bedd: By HPTLC, GC-MS and Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity and Anticancer Potential on Lung (A549) and Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Bhargav E. , Salamma S. , Chandana B. , Harika S. , Jyothi M. Vijaya , Rao B. Ravi Prasad 
Published: February 2021

Croton scabiosus Bedd. (Euphorbiaceae) is an endemic plant of Andhra Pradesh, India. Local communities use the verdant parts of this plant as an antidote to treat snake bites and as a remedy to heal leucorrhoea in the form of decoction. In the present study the author found to have a perceptible range of alkaloids, coumarins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids and gallic tannins as secondary metabolites by phytochemical and spectral studies. Since flavonoids and alkaloids are known for remarkable anticancer and anthelmintic activities respectively, the researcher is interested to document the research findings on these activities.The present research is aimed to evaluate bioactive principles present in acetone, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Croton scabiosus Bedd. by chemical tests and spectral analysis. It is also aimed to study the anthelmintic and anticancer potential of these extracts.Acetone, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Croton scabiosus Bedd. were prepared by triple maceration technique. GC-MS and HPTLC analysis were performed to identify chemical constituents. Anthelmintic and anticancer potential was assessed for the three extracts. Owing to the positive results of chemical constituents, the researcher made an attempt to evaluate anthelmintic, cytotoxic potential and anticancer activity on breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) and lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). It was pointed to appraise Croton scabiosus Bedd. extracts have considerable Anthelmintic, cytotoxic and anticancer potential.
Global trends in women's health
Authors: Fathalla M.F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGlobal trends in women's health have to be looked at in the broader context of the definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well‐being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Our species is undergoing a historical bio‐social evolution, with women positioned to have more power over their bodies and their lives. The implications for women's health are vast. Our profession has to face new challenges. The woman behind the mother is finally emerging, and making her presence felt. A reproductive evolution is sweeping the globe, with women having to lead a contraceptive life. A contraceptive technology revolution has benefited hundreds of millions, but the task is still unfinished. Demand for quality is substituting a desire for quantity in human reproduction. Sexual health is becoming an important psychosocial component of our health and well‐being. The mature adult woman and the elderly woman are rising to an important place in our health care. The widening bio‐social gap in adolescents dictates an increasing need for appropriate promotive, preventive and curative health care. One global trend in women's health unfortunately did not happen. Maternity is still, unnecessarily, a major cause of death and morbidity for women in developing countries.
Appropriate technology: antenatal care
Authors: Lumbiganon P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAppropriate health technology should be effective, safe and feasible. The current antenatal care model originated from western countries. The absence of direct randomized, controlled trials precludes a straight forward evaluation of the impact of prenatal care on birth outcomes. Interventions of proven benefits in eliminating or alleviating adverse maternal outcomes include routine iron and folate supplementation in areas of high anemia prevalence, hemoglobin determination late in pregnancy, screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria by urine culture or dipstick, serologic screening and treatment of syphilis, obtaining a history of difficult labor in multipara or height in nullipara and external cephalic version at term. Interventions of proven benefits in eliminating or alleviating adverse newborn outcomes include routine measurement of fundal height, reduction of maternal physical strain, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, malaria prophylaxis, adequate tetanus immunization, antenatal and perinatal Zidovudine in HIV‐positive mothers and one vaginal examination during pregnancy. Only these interventions of proven benefits should be implemented.
Locally delivered rhTGF‐β2 enhances bone ingrowth and bone regeneration at local and remote sites of skeletal injury
Authors: Sumner  , Turner T. M. , Urban R. M. , Leven R. M. , Hawkins M. , Nichols E. H. , McPherson J. M. , Galante J. O. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe purposes of the present study were to determine if recombinant human transforming growth factor‐beta‐2 (rhTGF‐β2) enhances bone ingrowth into porous‐coated implants and bone regeneration in gaps between the implant and surrounding host bone. The implants were placed bilaterally for four weeks in the proximal humeri of skeletally mature, adult male dogs in the presence of a 3‐mm gap. In three treatment groups of animals, the test implant was treated with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) and rhTGF‐β2 in buffer at a dose per implant of 1.2 μg (n = 6), 12 μg (n = 7), or 120 μg (n = 7) and placed in the left humerus. In these same animals, an internal control implant treated only with HA/TCP and buffer was placed in the right humerus. In a non‐TGF‐β treated external control group of animals (n = 7), one implant was treated with HA/TCP while the contralateral implant was not treated with the ceramic. In vitro analyses showed that approximately 15% of the applied dose was released within 120 h with most of the release occurring in the first 24 h. The TGF‐μ treated implants had significantly more bone ingrowth than the controls with the greatest effect in the 12 μg/implant group (a 2.2‐fold increase over the paired internal control (P = 0.004) and a 4‐fold increase over the external control (P < 0.001)). The TGF‐β treated implants had significantly more bone formation in the gap than the controls with the greatest effect in the 12 and 120 μg groups (1.8‐fold increases over the paired internal controls (P = 0.003 and P = 0.012, respectively) and 2.8‐fold increases over the external controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively)). Compared to the external controls, the internal control implants tended to have more bone ingrowth (1.9‐fold increase, P = 0.066) and had significantly more bone formation in the gap (1.7‐fold increase, P = 0.008). Thus, application of rhTGF‐β2 to a porous‐coated implant‐stimulated local bone ingrowth and gap healing in a weakly dose‐dependent manner and stimulated bone regeneration in the 3‐mm gap surrounding the contralateral control implant, a site remote from the local treatment with the growth factor. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nerve growth factor modulates myelin‐associatedglycoprotein binding to sensory neurons
Authors: Turnley Ann M. , Bartlett Perry F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMyelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a molecule expressed by myelinating cells atthe myelin:axon interface, which binds to an as yet unidentified molecule on neurons. We haveused a MAG‐immunoglobulin Fc fusion protein to examine the expression and regulation of theMAG binding molecule on sensory neurons in culture. Binding of the MAG‐Fc reached amaximum at 24‐48 h and was higher on neurons which expressed high levels of neurofilament.Nerve growth factor (NGF) upregulated expression of the MAG binding molecule in a dosedependent manner. Schwann cells co‐cultured with sensory neurons in serum‐free mediumstimulated maximal expression of the MAG binding molecule, which was decreased by addition ofanti‐NGF to the co‐cultures. This indicated that Schwann cells can modulate expression of theMAG binding molecule via production of NGF and may represent a physiological mechanism forregulation of MAG MAG binding molecule interactions during myelination and remyelination. 1999 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Meta-analytic study of the benefits and risks of treating chronic schizophrenia with risperidone or conventional neuroleptics
Authors: Bech P , Peuskens JCJR , Marder SR , Chouinard G , Høyberg OJ , Huttunen MO , Blin O , Claus A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryData from six randomised, controlled, comparative studies of risperidone and conventional neuroleptics (haloperidol, zuclopenthixol and perphenazine) in the treatment of 911 patients with chronic schizophrenia were analysed to estimate the benefits and risks of treatment. Efficacy and risk of treatment were assessed by means of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS). An effect size (difference between treatments) was calculated from the PANSS and ESRS scores. The effect size of antipsychotic effect favoured risperidone (sizes ranged from 0.22 to 0.37 on the PANSS subscales), and the effect size of safety also favoured risperidone (sizes ranged from 0.18 to 0.36 on the ESRS). An analysis of the proportions of patients requiring antiparkinsonian medication produced an effect size of 0.37 (20% of risperidone patients and 38% of patients receiving a conventional neuroleptic required antiparkinsonian medication). These data indicate that risperidone is a more effective antipsychotic than the conventional agents and causes less severe extrapyramidal symptoms.
Change in Maternal Concerns During the 6 Weeks Postpartum Period: A Study of Primiparous Mothers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Lugina Helen I. , Christensson Kyllike , Massawe Siriel , Nystrom Lennarth , Lindmark Gunilla 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to describe the postpartum concerns of primiparas. A cohort study included 79 mothers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Mothers sorted topics into worry, interest, and confidence. Trends of decreasing worry and increasing interest and confidence for baby‐related and mother‐related topics were observed from 1 to 6 weeks. At 1 week mothers worried about baby's eyes, respiration, temperature, safety, and crying; but, at 6 weeks only crying was a problem. Need for information was constant about general health, baby behavior, and care of the baby. At 1 week mothers worried about swollen perineum, and feeling tired and nervous. They wanted information about preventing hemorrhage and infection and taking care of the perineum, breasts, and nipples. Trends of increasing worry and decreasing confidence were observed with respect to family relationships. At 6 weeks, mothers worried about the husband/partner's reaction to themselves and to the baby. Confidence in relatives' reaction to themselves and the baby decreased. Being aware of the changes in the way concerns are expressed may guide nursing/midwifery interventions for mothers as to the content and timing.
A novel quality assurance procedure for trajectory log validation using phantom‐less real‐time latency corrected EPID images
Authors: Lim Seng Boh , Zwan Benjamin J. , Lee Danny , Greer Peter B. , Lovelock Dale Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe use of trajectory log files for routine patient quality assurance is gaining acceptance. Such use requires the validation of the trajectory log itself. However, the accurate localization of a multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf while it is in motion remains a challenging task. We propose an efficient phantom‐less technique using the EPID to verify the dynamic MLC positions with high accuracy. Measurements were made on four Varian TrueBeams equipped with M120 MLCs. Two machines were equipped with the S1000 EPID; two were equipped with the S1200 EPID. All EPIDs were geometrically corrected prior to measurements. Dosimetry mode EPID measurements were captured by a frame grabber card directly linked to the linac. All leaf position measurements were corrected both temporally and geometrically. The readout latency of each panel, as a function of pixel row, was determined using a 40 × 1.0 cm2 sliding window (SW) field moving at 2.5 cm/s orthogonal to the row readout direction. The latency of each panel type was determined by averaging the results of two panels of the same type. Geometric correction was achieved by computing leaf positions with respect to the projected isocenter position as a function of gantry angle. This was determined by averaging the central axis position of fields at two collimator positions of 90° and 270°. The radiological to physical leaf end position was determined by comparison of the measured gap with that determined using a feeler gauge. The radiological to physical leaf position difference was found to be 0.1 mm. With geometric and latency correction, the proposed method was found to be improve the ability to detect dynamic MLC positions from 1.0 to 0.2 mm for all leaves. Latency and panel residual geometric error correction improve EPID‐based MLC position measurement. These improvements provide for the first time a trajectory log QA procedure.
Dosimetric evaluation of skin collimation with tungsten rubber for electron radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Wakabayashi Kazuki , Monzen Hajime , Tamura Mikoto , Matsumoto Kenji , Takei Yoshiki , Nishimura Yasumasa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeSkin collimation provides a sharp penumbra for electron beams, while the effect of bremsstrahlung from shielding materials is a concern. This phantom study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a real‐time variable shape rubber containing‐tungsten (STR) that can be placed on a patient’s skin.MethodsElectron beam profiles were acquired with the STR placed on a water‐equivalent phantom and low melting‐point alloy (LMA) placed at the applicator according to commonly used procedures (field sizes: 20‐ and 40‐mm diameters). Depth and lateral dose profiles for 6‐ and 12‐MeV electron beams were obtained by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and were benchmarked against film measurements. The width of the off‐axis distance between 80% and 20% doses (P80‐20) and the maximum dose were obtained from the lateral dose profiles. Bremsstrahlung emission was analyzed by MC simulations at the depth of maximum dose (R100).ResultsThe depth dose profiles calculated by the MC simulations were consistently within 2% of the measurements. The P80‐20 at R100 for 20‐ and 40‐mm diameters were 4.0 mm vs. 7.6 mm (STR vs. LMA) and 4.5 mm vs. 9.2 mm, respectively, for the 6‐MeV electron beam with 7.0‐mm‐thick STR, and 2.7 mm vs. 5.6 mm and 4.5 mm vs. 7.1 mm, respectively, for the 12‐MeV electron beam with 12.0‐mm‐thick STR. A hotspot was not observed on the lateral dose profiles obtained with the STR at R100. The bremsstrahlung emission under the region shielded by the STR was comparable to that obtained with the LMA, even though the STR was placed on the surface of the phantom.ConclusionsSkin collimator with STR provided superior dosimetric characteristics and comparable bremsstrahlung emission to LMA collimator at the applicator. STR could be a new tool for the safe and efficient delivery of electron radiotherapy.
Bioinspired Conductive Silk Microfiber Integrated Bioelectronic for Diagnosis and Wound Healing in Diabetes
Authors: Jia Zhanrong , Gong Jinglei , Zeng Yan , Ran Jinhui , Liu Jin , Wang Kefeng , Xie Chaoming , Lu Xiong , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIdeal epidermal bioelectronics can be used not only for long‐term detection of physiological signals for disease diagnosis but also for chronic disease treatment. Silk, an animal‐derived fiber with good biocompatibility and skin‐affinity, is widely used in flexible bioelectronics. However, silk fibers are insulating. In this study, ultralong conductive silk microfibers (mSFs) are fabricated by extracting mSF from raw silk using a bioinspired extraction‐protection process with the assistance of polydopamine, followed by deposition of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on its surface. The conductive mSFs are produced and used to fabricate a conductive flexible silk fibroin patch, which is used as a conformable bioelectronic for monitoring physiological signals. In addition, as the conductive mSF possessed anti‐oxidative activity, the patch exhibits excellent performance in chronic diabetic wound healing by reducing inflammation and regulating oxidative stress. Thus, this bioinspired strategy produces conductive silk fibers that can be used as biocompatible building blocks, opening new avenues for employing passive silk as an active component in the design of epidermal wound repair biomaterials and next‐generation flexible epidermal bioelectronics.
Mimicking Nature's Butterflies: Electrochromic Devices with Dual‐Sided Differential Colorations
Authors: Chen Jian , Wang Zhen , Liu Chenglong , Chen Zhigang , Tang Xueqing , Wu Qi , Zhang Shu , Song Ge , Cong Shan , Chen Qin , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSome butterfly species such as the orange oakleaf (Kallima inachus) have strikingly different colors on the dorsal (front) sides of their wings compared to those on the ventral (back) sides of their wings, which helps camouflage the butterflies from predators and attract potential mates. However, few human‐made materials, devices, and technologies can mimic such differential coloring for a long time. Here, a new type of Janus‐structured two‐sided electrochromic device is developed that, upon application of different voltages, exhibits a coloration state on one side that is distinctly different from that on the other side. This is achieved by inserting an optically thin (4–8 nm) metallic layer with a complex refractive index, such as a layer composed of tungsten, titanium, copper or silver, into typical electrochromic structures.
Water–Salt Oligomers Enable Supersoluble Electrolytes for High‐Performance Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Cai Shengying , Chu Xingyuan , Liu Chang , Lai Haiwen , Chen Hao , Jiang Yanqiu , Guo Fan , Xu Zhikang , Wang Chunsheng , Gao Chao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAqueous rechargeable batteries are highly safe, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly, but restricted by low energy density. One of the most efficient solutions is to improve the concentration of the aqueous electrolytes. However, each salt is limited by its physical solubility, generally below 21–32 mol kg−1 (m). Here, a ZnCl2/ZnBr2/Zn(OAc)2 aqueous electrolyte with a record super‐solubility up to 75 m is reported, which breaks through the physical solubility limit. This is attributed to the formation of acetate‐capped water–salt oligomers bridged by Br−/Cl−‐H and Br−/Cl−/O‐Zn2+ interactions. Mass spectrometry indicates that acetate anions containing nonpolarized protons prohibit the overgrowth and precipitation of ionic oligomers. The polymer‐like glass transition temperature of such inorganic electrolytes is found at ≈−70 to −60 °C, without the observation of peaks for salt‐crystallization and water‐freezing from 40 to −80 °C. This supersoluble electrolyte enables high‐performance aqueous dual‐ion batteries that exhibit a reversible capacity of 605.7 mAh g−1, corresponding to an energy density of 908.5 Wh kg−1, with a coulombic efficiency of 98.07%. In situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman technologies reveal that such high ionic concentrations of the supersoluble electrolyte enable a stage‐1 intercalation of bromine into macroscopically assembled graphene cathode.
Base‐Promoted Synthesis of Polysubstituted 4‐Aminoquinolines from Ynones and 2‐Aminobenzonitriles under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Mishra Pawan K. , Saini Kapil Mohan , Verma Akhilesh K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free and base‐promoted one‐pot reaction of ynones with 2‐aminobenzonitriles is described. The reaction was initiated through sequential aza‐Michael addition/intramolecular annulation to afford various multisubstituted 4‐aminoquinolines and 4‐amino‐1,8‐naphthyridines in good to excellent yields. Operational simplicity, high atom‐economy with broad substrate scope makes this protocol more attractive. Also, the gram‐scale synthesis and further transformation of the product were studied. Additionally, 2‐haloarylyones as substrate provide N‐arylquinolones as the sole product via the SNAr mechanism.magnified image
Super High‐Expansion Poly(Lactic Acid) Foams with Excellent Oil‐Adsorption and Thermal‐Insulation Properties Fabricated by Supercritical CO2 Foaming
Authors: Li Bo , Zhao Guoqun , Wang Guilong , Zhang Lei , Gong Jie , Shi Zhanlin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBio‐based and biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams with a high expansion ratio show great application potential in oil‐adsorption and thermal‐insulation, which are crucial for oil‐spill cleanup and energy saving. However, it is difficult to prepare high‐expansion PLA foam due to the poor melt strength and complex crystallization behavior of PLA. Herein, super high‐expansion PLA foams with excellent oil‐adsorption and thermal‐insulation properties are successfully prepared using a modified supercritical CO2 foaming technology without introducing eco‐unfriendly chain extenders or fillers. High‐strength melt at low temperature and low‐strength melt at high temperature are used to prepare closed‐cell and open‐cell foams, respectively. The resulting PLA closed‐cell foam with an expansion ratio of 60 shows a thermal conductivity as low as 31.7 mW m−1 k−1, and the PLA open‐cell foam with an expansion ratio of 43 and exhibits an adsorption capacity of 10.9–31.2 g g−1 for various oils. Based on the prepared PLA foams with tunable structure, the influence of cell structure on the properties of the foam is also studied. Of particular note, reducing the cell size can obviously enhance the surface hydrophobicity of PLA foam. This work provides a green strategy for the preparation of eco‐friendly materials applied in environment protection and energy conservation.
Automated Quantification of Hydroxyl Reactivities: Prediction of Glycosylation Reactions
Authors: Chang Chun‐Wei , Lin Mei‐Huei , Chan Chieh‐Kai , Su Kuan‐Yu , Wu Chia‐Hui , Lo Wei‐Chih , Lam Sarah , Cheng Yu‐Ting , Liao Pin‐Hsuan , Wong Chi‐Huey , Wang Cheng‐Chung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe stereoselectivity and yield in glycosylation reactions are paramount but unpredictable. We have developed a database of acceptor nucleophilic constants (Aka) to quantify the nucleophilicity of hydroxyl groups in glycosylation influenced by the steric, electronic and structural effects, providing a connection between experiments and computer algorithms. The subtle reactivity differences among the hydroxyl groups on various carbohydrate molecules can be defined by Aka, which is easily accessible by a simple and convenient automation system to assure high reproducibility and accuracy. A diverse range of glycosylation donors and acceptors with well‐defined reactivity and promoters were organized and processed by the designed software program “GlycoComputer” for prediction of glycosylation reactions without involving sophisticated computational processing. The importance of Aka was further verified by random forest algorithm, and the applicability was tested by the synthesis of a Lewis A skeleton to show that the stereoselectivity and yield can be accurately estimated.