bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Peritoneal Staging for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Mutant KRAS Droplet-Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction: Results of a Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Yonkus Jennifer A. , Alva-Ruiz Roberto , Abdelrahman Amro M. , Leiting Jennifer L. , Schneider Amber R. , Grotz Travis E. , Cleary Sean P. , Smoot Rory L. , Nagorney David M. , Kendrick Michael L. , Kipp Benjamin R. , Truty Mark J. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with predilection for peritoneal dissemination. Accurate peritoneal staging is imperative for treatment recommendations, as one-third of patients develop peritoneal recurrence after resection. Because >90% of PDAC tumors harbor mutant KRAS (mKRAS), we sought to determine feasibility of mKRAS DNA detection in peritoneal lavage (PL) fluid using droplet-digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) via a prospective trial.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients with nonmetastatic PDAC undergoing staging laparoscopy with PL were included. PL fluid was sent for cytologic examination, CA19-9/CEA levels, and mKRAS ddPCR assay. Clinically positive laparoscopy was defined as gross metastases or positive cytology. PL mKRAS status was compared with gross findings, cytology, and CA19-9/CEA levels.

RESULTS:
There were 136 patients enrolled; 70 of 136 (51%) patients received neoadjuvant therapy before PL, and 32 of 136 (24%) patients had clinically positive laparoscopy. Cytology was positive in 17 of 136 (13%) patients, and 22 of 136 (16%) patients had gross metastases. Of patients with gross metastases, only 8 of 22 (36%) had positive cytology; 97 of 136 (71%) patients had mKRAS in PL. PL mKRAS was present in 27 of 32 (84%) clinically positive laparoscopies, with higher mean copy number in clinically positive patients (643 vs 10, p = 0.02). Peritoneal mKRAS was positive in an additional 70 clinically negative patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
This prospective study establishes the feasibility of PL mKRAS detection. Clinically positive disease was identified in 1 in 4 staging laparoscopies. Although PL mKRAS was highly associated with clinically positive findings, many clinically negative laparoscopies had detectable PL mKRAS, suggesting that standard staging may be inadequate. Longer follow-up will elucidate utility of this promising molecular assay.
Pandora’s box in the dental clinic
Authors: Ben-David Debby , Vaturi Azza , Solter Ester , Rubinovitch Bina , Lellouche Jonathan , Schwartz David , Schechner Vered , Carmeli Yehuda , Schwaber Mitchell J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground:In June 2018, the Ministry of Health received notification from 2 hospitals about 2 patients who presented with overwhelming Enterobacter kobei sepsis that developed within 24 hours after a dental procedure. We describe the investigation of this outbreak.Methods:The epidemiologic investigation included site visits in 2 dental clinics and interviews with all involved healthcare workers. Chart reviews were conducted for case and control subjects. Samples were taken from medications and antiseptics, environmental surfaces, dental water systems, and from the involved healthcare professionals. Isolate similarity was assessed using repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR).Results:The 2 procedures were conducted in different dental clinics by different surgeons and dental technicians. A single anesthesiologist administered the systemic anesthetic in both cases. Cultures from medications, fluids and healthcare workers’ hands were negative, but E. kobei was detected from the anesthesiologist’s portable medication cart. The 2 human isolates and the environmental isolate shared the same REP-PCR fingerprinting profile. None of the 21 patients treated by the anesthesiologist in a general hospital during the same period, using the hospital’s medications, developed infection following surgery.Conclusions:An outbreak of post–dental-procedure sepsis was linked to a contaminated medication cart, emphasizing the importance of medication storage standards and strict aseptic technique when preparing intravenous drugs during anesthesia. Immediate reporting of sepsis following these outpatient procedures enabled early identification and termination of the outbreak.
Ice thickness distribution of all Swiss glaciers based on extended ground-penetrating radar data and glaciological modeling
Authors: Grab Melchior , Mattea Enrico , Bauder Andreas , Huss Matthias , Rabenstein Lasse , Hodel Elias , Linsbauer Andreas , Langhammer Lisbeth , Schmid Lino , Church Gregory , Hellmann Sebastian , Délèze Kevin , Schaer Philipp , Lathion Patrick , Farinotti Daniel , Maurer Hansruedi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccurate knowledge of the ice thickness distribution and glacier bed topography is essential for predicting dynamic glacier changes and the future developments of downstream hydrology, which are impacting the energy sector, tourism industry and natural hazard management. Using AIR-ETH, a new helicopter-borne ground-penetrating radar (GPR) platform, we measured the ice thickness of all large and most medium-sized glaciers in the Swiss Alps during the years 2016–20. Most of these had either never or only partially been surveyed before. With this new dataset, 251 glaciers – making up 81% of the glacierized area – are now covered by GPR surveys. For obtaining a comprehensive estimate of the overall glacier ice volume, ice thickness distribution and glacier bed topography, we combined this large amount of data with two independent modeling algorithms. This resulted in new maps of the glacier bed topography with unprecedented accuracy. The total glacier volume in the Swiss Alps was determined to be 58.7 ± 2.5 km3 in the year 2016. By projecting these results based on mass-balance data, we estimated a total ice volume of 52.9 ± 2.7 km3 for the year 2020. Data and modeling results are accessible in the form of the SwissGlacierThickness-R2020 data package.
Ultrafast enzymatic digestion of deoxyribonucleic acid in aqueous microdroplets for sequence discrimination and identification
Authors: Zhong Xiaoqin , Chen Hao , Zare Richard N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the use of aqueous microdroplets to accelerate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation by deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), and we present a simple, ultrafast approach named DNA fragment mass fingerprinting to discriminate different DNA sequences by comparing their fragment mass patterns. DNA fragmentation in tiny microdroplets, which was produced by electrosonically spraying (+3 kV) a room temperature aqueous solution containing 10 μM DNA and 10 μg ml−1 DNase I from a homemade setup, takes less than 1 ms. High differentiation/identification fidelity could be obtained by applying a cosine correlation measure for similarity assessment between two fragment mass patterns, which compares both mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) with an error tolerance of 5 ppm and the peaks’ relative intensities. A single-nucleotide mutation in the sequence of bases, as exemplified by the sickle cell anemia mutation, is differentiated by setting a cutoff value of similarity at 90%. The order change of two adjacent bases in the sequence could still be well discriminated with a similarity of only 62% between the fragment mass patterns of the two similar sequences, which have the same molecular weights and thus cannot be differentiated by gel electrophoresis or direct mass detection by mass spectrometry. Compared to traditional genotyping methods, such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the identification process with our approach could be completed within several minutes without any other expensive and complicated reagents or experimental steps. The potential of our approach for convenient and fast microbe genetic discrimination or identification is further demonstrated by differentiating the Orf1ab gene fragments of two similar coronaviruses with a very high sequence homologous rate of 96%, SARS-CoV-2 and bat-SL-CoVZC45, with a similarity of 0% between their fragment mass patterns.
Representation and Presence: Divine Names in Judaism and Islam
Authors: Ben-Sasson Hillel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDivine names are linguistic objects that underlie the grammar of religious language. They serve as both representations and presentations of the divine. As representations, divine names carry information pertaining to God’s nature or actions, and his unique will, in a manner that adequately represents him. As presentations, divine names are believed to somehow effect divine presence in proximity to the believer, opening a path of direct connection to God. This paper seeks to analyze the interaction between presentation and representation concerning divine names in major trends within Judaism and Islam, from the Hebrew Bible and the Qur’an to medieval theological debates. It aims to demonstrate how central currents within both traditions shaped the intricate relation between divine presentation and representation through the prism of divine names. Whereas positions in philosophy of language focus on either the representational or the presentational functions of proper names, Jewish and Islamic theologies suggest ways to combine the two functions with regard to divine names.
Experiences of stigma and discrimination among people living with dementia and family carers in Brazil: qualitative study
Authors: Oliveira Déborah , Da Mata Fabiana Araújo Figueiredo , Mateus Elaine , Musyimi Christine W. , Farina Nicolas , Ferri Cleusa P. , Evans-Lacko Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to understand stigma in relation to people living with dementia in São Paulo, Brazil. A critical narrative inquiry methodology was used. Home-based semi-structured interviews were conducted between January and March 2020 with six people living with dementia and 15 family carers. Data analysis was conducted using inductive and deductive techniques. The latter was informed by Link and Phelan's sociological theory of stigma. We found that dementia was commonly viewed by people living with dementia as part of ageing and carers reported low levels of knowledge and awareness about the condition. To avoid negative reactions from people, people living with dementia managed the negative views of dementia by minimising and normalising the condition, by expressing their ability to live an active life, and by emphasising the positive impacts of dementia in their lives. Fear of negative reactions appeared to lead to a selective disclosure of their diagnosis. Among carers, stigmatising attitudes coincided with a strong willingness to provide good care, to protect the person cared for, as well as to understand and validate their own caring experiences, rather than to cause any harm. In doing so, however, carers ended up depersonalising and infantilising people living with dementia, underestimating their capacities, demanding ‘obedience’ and restricting the person's freedom. There is a need to increase awareness about dementia and to provide support and training on person-centred and ethical care for carers in Brazil.
Input effects in the acquisition of verb inflection: Evidence from Emirati Arabic
Authors: SZREDER Marta , DE RUITER Laura E. , NTELITHEOS Dimitrios 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the acquisition of the Imperfective verb inflection paradigm in Emirati Arabic (EA), to determine whether the learning process is sensitive to the phonological and typological properties of the input. We collected data from 48 participants aged 2;7 to 5;9 years, using an elicited production paradigm. Input frequencies of inflectional contexts, verb types and tokens were obtained from corpora of child-directed and adult EA. Children's accuracy was inversely related to the input frequency of inflectional contexts, but not related to type and token frequency or phonological neighborhood density. Token frequency interacted with age, such that younger children performed considerably worse on low-frequency tokens, but older children performed equally well on high- and low-frequency tokens. We conclude that learning is input-driven, but that a sufficiently regular paradigm allows children to eventually generalise across all items earlier than in previously studied European languages.
Maternal and paternal unsupportive parenting and children's externalizing symptoms: The mediational role of children's attention biases to negative emotion
Authors: Davies Patrick T. , Thompson Morgan J. , Coe Jesse L. , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined children's duration of attention to negative emotions (i.e., anger, sadness, fear) as a mediator of associations among maternal and paternal unsupportive parenting and children's externalizing symptoms in a sample of 240 mothers, fathers, and their preschool children (Mage = 4.64 years). The multimethod, multi-informant design consisted of three annual measurement occasions. Analysis of maternal and paternal unsupportive parenting as predictors in latent difference changes in children's affect-biased attention and behavior problems indicated that children's attention to negative emotions mediated the specific association between maternal unsupportive parenting and children's subsequent increases in externalizing symptoms. Maternal unsupportive parenting at Wave 1 predicted decreases in children's attention to negative facial expressions of adults from Wave 1 to 2. Reductions in children's attention to negative emotion, in turn, predicted increases in their externalizing symptoms from Wave 1 to 3. Additional tests of children's fearful distress and hostile responses to parental conflict as explanatory mechanisms revealed that increases in children's fearful distress reactivity from Wave 1 to 2 accounted for the association between maternal unsupportive parenting and concomitant decreases in their attention to negative emotions. Results are discussed in the context of information processing models of family adversity and developmental psychopathology.
Late-seeded cover crops in a semiarid environment: overyielding, dominance and subsequent crop yield
Authors: Hendrickson John R. , Liebig Mark A. , Archer David W. , Schmer Marty R. , Nichols Kristine A. , Tanaka Donald L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterest in cover crops is increasing but information is limited on integrating them into crop rotations especially in the relatively short growing season on the northern Great Plains. A 3-yr research project, initiated in 2009 near Mandan, North Dakota, USA, evaluated (1) what impact cover crops may have on subsequent cash crops yields and (2) whether cover crop mixtures are more productive and provide additional benefits compared to cover crop monocultures. The study evaluated 18 different cover crop monocultures and mixtures that were seeded in August following dry pea (Pisum sativum L.). The following year, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and field pea were seeded into the different cover crop treatments and a non-treated control. A lack of timely precipitation in 2009 resulted in a low cover crop yield of 17 g m2 compared to 100 and 77 g m2 in 2008 and 2010, respectively. Subsequent cash crop yield was not affected by late-seeded cover crops. Cool-season cover crop monocultures were more productive than warm-season monocultures and some mixtures in 2008 and 2010. Relative yield total did not differ from one in any cover crop mixture suggesting that overyielding did not occur. Species selection rather than species diversity was the most important contributor to cover crop yield. Cover crops can be grown following short-season cash crops in the northern Great Plains, but precipitation timing and species selection are critical.
Ocean Surface Wind Speed Dependence and Retrieval From Off‐Nadir CFOSAT SWIM Data
Authors: Ren L. , Yang J. , Xu Y. , Zhang Y. , Zheng G. , Wang J. , Dai J. , Jiang C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed the ocean surface wind speed dependence of off‐nadir data from the Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring (SWIM) aboard the Chinese‐French Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT). When the data were analyzed, the SWIM normalized radar cross section (NRCS) at most incidence angles decreased along the NCEP Global Forecast System wind speed. This trend is consistent with that in a Ku‐band geophysical model function at low incidence angles (KuLMOD2S), although there was a systematic bias between the two. The consistency indicates that the SWIM data quality was normal in terms of wind speed dependence. The bias was recalibrated using a numerical weather prediction‐based ocean calibration method and the wind speeds were retrieved from the recalibrated NRCS data using the KuLMOD2S model. Finally, the retrievals at off‐nadir as well as the wind products at nadir were validated using collocated CFOSAT scatterometer (CSCAT) wind measurements. When the results were validated, the retrievals at 0.5° were consistent with the averaged wind products at nadir and both had a root mean square difference (RMSD) around 1.4 m/s compared to the CSCAT winds. Moreover, the winds retrieved from the SWIM data at most incidence angles were in good agreement with the CSCAT winds,and the RMSD values were within 2.0 m/s for incidence angles less than 7.5°, although the retrieval accuracy was poor at larger incidence angles. These results demonstrate that the SWIM data at incidence angles below 7.5° have an ability to retrieve the wind speed.
Controls on the Spatial Distribution of Near‐Surface Pyrogenic Carbon on Hillslopes 1 Year Following Wildfire
Authors: McGuire Luke A. , Rasmussen Craig , Youberg Ann M. , Sanderman Jonathan , Fenerty Brendan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWildfire alters hydrologic and geomorphic systems, promoting increases in runoff and erosion relative to unburned areas. As a result, pyrogenic carbon (PyC) produced by wildfires can experience substantial lateral redistribution from overland flow. Since landscape position helps to determine the fate of PyC, it is critical to understand the geomorphic factors that govern its lateral redistribution as well as the sensitivity of those factors to soil burn severity, which controls the magnitude of many wildfire‐induced hydrologic and geomorphic changes. In this study, we quantified the spatial distribution of near‐surface (0–5 cm) PyC on three hillslopes roughly 1 year after the 2018 Buzzard Fire in the Gila National Forest, New Mexico, USA. We then use hydrologic monitoring data, terrain analysis, and rainfall‐runoff modeling to explain the observed spatial distribution of PyC. Near‐surface PyC concentrations decreased from averages of roughly 12–8 g/kg as slope and unit stream power increased by factors of ∼2 and 4, respectively, on a hillslope burned at low severity. This suggests that susceptibility to runoff‐driven erosion was a dominant control on the redistribution of PyC. In contrast, the spatial distribution of PyC in areas burned at moderate to high severity was independent of slope and unit stream power. We attribute this pattern to intense runoff and lack of canopy cover, which promoted erosion of PyC regardless of slope and landscape position. Results demonstrate that how wildfire‐induced hydrogeomorphic changes can modulate the importance of terrain attributes in controlling the spatial distribution of PyC in upland landscapes.
Intraseasonal Variability of Sea Level in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Liu Haolang , Feng Xiangbo , Tao Aifeng , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSea levels in the Western North Pacific (WNP) are presented with anomalous intraseasonal variations. This study examines the response of sea level in the WNP to the atmospheric Intraseasonal Oscillation modes, namely the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO), using the 25 years (1993–2017) of satellite altimetry and barotropic model output. In winter, the MJO has significant effects on the component of sea level due to the instant wind and atmospheric pressure effects (high‐frequency), showing an eastward propagation pattern in most regions, with the strongest effects in the western marginal seas. The MJO‐associated pattern of dynamical (low‐frequency) component of sea level propagates southward, with the significant effects mostly in the tropics. In summer, the BSISO‐associated pattern of the high‐frequency component of sea level moves from southwest to northeast, with the largest anomalies in the middle of WNP (20°N‐30°N), while the strongest BSISO effects on the low‐frequency component are detectable mostly in the coasts of China and east of the Philippines. The MJO and BSISO can also modulate the probability of extreme sea level events. In winter, during phases 2–5, MJO increases the chance of extreme high events in the high‐frequency component of sea level by 100%–200% in the western coasts and the tropics. In summer, in BSISO phases 6–7, the chance of extreme high events in the high‐frequency component of sea level is enhanced by >300% in the South China Sea and east of the Philippines.
Topographic and Geologic Controls on Frost Cracking in Alpine Rockwalls
Authors: Draebing Daniel , Mayer Till 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFrost weathering is a major control on rockwall erosion in Alpine environments. Previous frost cracking model approaches used air temperatures as a proxy for rock temperatures to drive frost weathering simulations on rockwall and on mountain scale. Unfortunately, the thermal rockwall regime differs from air temperature due to topographic effects on insolation and insulation, which affects frost weathering model results and the predicted erosion patterns. To provide a more realistic model of the rockwall regime, we installed six temperature loggers along an altitudinal gradient in the Swiss Alps, including two logger pairs at rockwalls with opposing aspects. We used the recorded rock surface temperatures to model rock temperatures in the upper 10 m of the rockwalls and as input data to run four different frost cracking models. We mapped fracture spacing and rock strength to validate the model results. Our results showed that frost cracking models are sensitive to thermal, hydraulic and mechanical parameters that affect frost cracking magnitude but frost cracking patterns in terms of peak location and affected rock mass remained consistent between varying input parameters. Thermo‐mechanical models incorporate rock strength and hydraulic properties and provided a frost cracking pattern at the rockwall scale that better reflects the measured fracture spacing. At the mountain scale, these models showed a pattern of increasing frost cracking with altitude, which is contrary to purely thermal models but consistent with observations of existing rockfall studies.
The interaction between the gut microbiota and dietary carbohydrates in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Park Grace , Jung Sunhee , Wellen Kathryn E. , Jang Cholsoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImbalance between fat production and consumption causes various metabolic disorders. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one such pathology, is characterized by abnormally increased fat synthesis and subsequent fat accumulation in hepatocytes1,2. While often comorbid with obesity and insulin resistance, this disease can also be found in lean individuals, suggesting specific metabolic dysfunction2. NAFLD has become one of the most prevalent liver diseases in adults worldwide, but its incidence in both children and adolescents has also markedly increased in developed nations3,4. Progression of this disease into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma in combination with its widespread incidence thus makes NAFLD and its related pathologies a significant public health concern. Here, we review our understanding of the roles of dietary carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and fibers) and the gut microbiota, which provides essential carbon sources for hepatic fat synthesis during the development of NAFLD.