bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of construction waste on the growth of Potted Chinese Rose
Authors: Xie Tiantian , Sun Haiyan , Zhou Wangwang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to verify the feasibility of reclamation and utilization of construction wastes of different particle sizes in landscaping, construction wastes were screened out with 4 grain grades of 0-2mm, 2-3mm, 3-5mm and 0-6mm. According to the compound mass ratio of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and the soil, the effects of different particle size and proportion matrix treatment on soil bulk density and potted rose growth were studied. The results show that the bulk density of substrates decreases with the increase of the particle size and proportion of construction waste. In addition to no significant effect on leaf morphology, adding proper amount of construction waste to the soil had a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter increment, root length, root fresh weight, total flower number, chlorophyll content and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content in the plant of potted rose. However, excessive application of construction waste inhibited the growth of potted rose. In the comprehensive analysis, the optimal particle size was 3-5mm, followed by 2-3mm. The optimal proportion is 40%, followed by 30%. It is feasible to add construction waste as a modifier to landscaping matrix.
The design of an impedance tube and testing of sound absorption coefficient of selected materials
Authors: Ďuriš R , Labašová E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper describes a design, building and testing a low-cost impedance tube for measuring the acoustic parameters of small testing samples. The measurement of sound absorption coefficient is based on transfer function and the two microphone method in accordance with ISO 10534-2 and ASTM E 1050 standards. With small configuration updates and after installation of additional microphones on measuring apparatus testing of complex acoustic material properties can be performed. The impedance tube has been used also as a teaching tool.
Study of bovine serum albumin interaction with zinc oxide surfaces by force field simulations
Authors: Hematian H , Rezek B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We studied the interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecule with ZnO surfaces by force field simulations. The different orientations of BSA over the two main nonpolar wurtzite ZnO surfaces (10

1

¯

0) and (11

1

¯

0) have been investigated. These surfaces contain both Zn and O atoms. We compare the results also with polar Zn-face (0001) surface. The results demonstrate tendency of BSA molecule for being adsorbed on the ZnO surface in specific orientations. This happens either by bonding between a hydrogen atom of BSA molecule to an oxygen atom of the ZnO surface or by physical attraction inducing ZnO atoms displacement in some cases.
Origami-kirigami approach to materials structures modelling
Authors: Markechová I , Stúpalová H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing and origami/kirigami principles fit together like a coffee cup and saucer. Recently derived translational surface with an elliptic curve (not an ellipse), as the governing one, led to constructing origami-like object. Set of eight surfaces, each with a square-shaped orthogonal projection, turned out to be enchantingly similar to heaven-and-hell-origami. In presented work engaged starting translational surface (STS) is originally subjected to the selected linear and nonlinear transformations, in two ways. The first one is dedicated to spacial placement of STS replicas. Shape STS variations represent the second approach. Square-shape of STS orthogonal projection is preserved during all the mappings, it does not change. On the other hand, especially in this point, the similarity with origami/kirigami structures is broken; generally, square-shaped sheet of paper changes via folding. In our paper, preserved orthogonal projection offers suitable opportunities to illustrate a structure of the hypothetical material. Explicit and parametric equations of geometrical elements, transformational matrices and MATLAB application MuPAD serve as the useful mathematical and computational tools for formal and graphical representation of the modeled structures.
Examination of crystal plasticity in cold drawn tube forming using FEM and Voronoi tessellation
Authors: Necpal M , Martinkovič M , Kuruc M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The analyses of the tube drawing process can be divided into two basics parts of investigations - macro-scale and micro-scale. Macro-scale analyses involve investigation of dimensional accuracy of the formed specimen, drawing forces, strain, stress, etc. The analyses of the tube drawing process in the macro-scale have been studied experimentally or theoretically using numerical methods for many years. For the final product of drawing process is also important to know the surface quality for example. For this purpose, it is important to know micro-scale material properties (spatial distribution of grain neighbourhood orientation etc.), and examine the context of micro forming material. There has been a trend in the last decade to make a link between macro-scale forming and micro-scale material properties and name it Multi-scale modelling. This research illustrates the possibility to use Voronoi tessellation grain microstructure model in DEFORM FEM software to predict grain plasticity. The result obtained from numerical simulation is compared with direct reconstruction, derivation of Voronoi tessellation, and measurement using the line and also with analytical theoretical method of strain distribution in tube draw process throw the die.
Analysis of the validity of the mathematical assumptions of electrical impedance tomography for human head tissues
Authors: Williams Toby , Bouazza-Marouf Kaddour , Zecca Massimiliano , Green Alexander L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective: To determine the validity of the key mathematical assumptions used in electrical impedance tomography for human head tissues. Approach:Conductivity and permittivity data collected from available literature for each tissue within the human head have been evaluated and critiqued. The most relevant dielectric tissue data for each tissue was then used to assess the validity of the mathematical assumptions of electrical impedance tomography in terms of their suitability for human head imaging in order to estimate related errors. Main Results:For induced currents with frequencies greater than 200 Hz the internal current source density is negligible. The assumption that magnetic effects are negligible is valid to an error of 1.7% for human head tissues for frequencies below 1 MHz. The capacitive effects are negligible for CSF, dura mater, blood, bone (cortical), and deep tissue skin for frequencies less than 3.2 MHz, 320 kHz, 25 kHz, 3.2 kHz, and 130 Hz respectively. However, the capacitive effects are not negligible for brain tissues, as the minimum error for brain tissues across the frequency range of 10 Hz to 100 GHz is 6.2% at 800 Hz, and the maximum error is 410% at 20 GHz. Significance:It is often assumed that the mathematical reduction of the base equations is valid for human head tissues over a broad frequency range; this study shows that these assumptions are not true for all tissues at all frequencies. False assumptions will result in greater errors and local distortions within tomographic images of the human head using electrical impedance tomography. This study provides the relationships between injected current frequency and the validity of the mathematical assumptions for each individual tissue, providing greater awareness of the magnitude of possible distortions.
Breach of the agreement to arbitrate due to third party conduct
Authors: Katsikis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is widely accepted, especially in common law jurisdictions, that foreign proceedings may give rise to a breach of the agreement to arbitrate, entitling the aggrieved party to damages and specific performance. In the vast majority of cases, foreign proceedings amounting to a breach of the agreement to arbitrate are initiated by a party bound by that agreement. This article explores whether foreign proceedings are in breach of the agreement to arbitrate even when these are commenced by a person not party to that agreement (a ‘third party’), a question that has received little to no direct treatment to date. The article proposes that the conduct of a third party can, and in certain circumstances should, be treated as giving rise to a breach of the agreement, entitling the aggrieved party to remedies. The article then explores what these circumstances are, and considers what legal bases the aggrieved party may be able to rely on as routes to a remedy.
Refractory constrictive pericarditis caused by an immune checkpoint inhibitor properly managed with infliximab: a case report
Authors: Moriyama Shohei , Fukata Mitsuhiro , Tatsumoto Ryoma , Kono Mihoko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause cardiac immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including pericarditis. Cardiovascular events related to pericardial irAE are less frequent, but fulminant forms can be fatal. However, the diagnosis and treatment strategies for pericardial irAE have not established.

Case summary
A 58-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and nivolumab was administered as 5th-line therapy. Eighteen months after the initiation of nivolumab, the patient developed limb oedema and increased body weight. Although a favourable response of the cancer was observed, pericardial thickening and effusion were newly detected. He was diagnosed with irAE pericarditis after excluding other causes of pericarditis. Nivolumab was suspended and a high-dose corticosteroid was initiated. However, right heart failure (RHF) symptoms were exacerbated during the tapering of corticosteroid because acute pericarditis developed to steroid-refractory constrictive pericarditis. To suppress sustained inflammation of the pericardium, infliximab, a tumour necrosis factor-alfa inhibitor, was initiated. After the initiation of infliximab, the corticosteroid dose was tapered without deterioration of RHF. Exacerbation of lung cancer by irAE treatment including infliximab was not observed.

Discussion
IrAE should be considered when pericarditis develops after the administration of ICI even after a long period from its initiation. Infliximab rescue therapy may be considered as a 2nd-line therapy for steroid-refractory irAE pericarditis even with constrictive physiology.
On an Extension of Hoffmann’s Separation Theorem for Quadratic Forms
Authors: Scully Stephen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLet $p$ and $q$ be anisotropic non-degenerate quadratic forms of dimension $\geq 2$ over an arbitrary field $F$, let $s$ be the unique non-negative integer for which $2^s&lt;{\textrm{dim}( p)} \leq 2^{s+1}$, and let $k$ be the dimension of the anisotropic part of $q$ after extension to $F(p)$. A recent conjecture of the author then asserts that ${\textrm{dim}( q)}$ must lie within $k$ of an integer multiple of $2^{s+1}$. This statement, which holds trivially if $k \geq 2^s -1$, represents a natural generalization of the well-known separation theorem of Hoffmann, bridging a gap between it and certain classical results on the Witt kernels of function fields of quadrics. In the present article, we prove the conjecture in the case where $\textrm{char}(F) \neq 2$ and ${\textrm{dim}( p)}&gt; 2k - 2^{s-1}$. This implies, in particular, that the conjecture holds if $\textrm{char}(F) \neq 2$ and either $k \leq 2^{s-1} + 2^{s-2}$ or ${\textrm{dim}( p)} \geq 2^s + 2^{s-1} - 4$.
Refusing to Cooperate with Armed GroupsCivilian Agency and Civilian Noncooperation in Armed Conflicts
Authors: Masullo Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConflict scholars have increasingly stressed the importance of taking civilian agency seriously for understanding how conflicts operate on the ground and the social legacies they leave behind. Among the different expressions of civilian agency that this scholarship has studied, instances in which civilians refuse to collaborate with armed groups have captured particular attention. While this development is to be praised, the proliferation of neighboring terms (e.g., “voice,” “autonomy,” “civil action,” “oppositional agency,” “resilience,” and “resistance”) menaces the further progression of this intellectually stimulating and policy relevant field of inquiry. In dialogue with the growing literature on civilian agency, and drawing on an established literature on concept formation, I propose civilian noncooperation as the root concept to capture these instances and specify its meaning by identifying both necessary and accompanying attributes. I discuss the advantages of this concept and assess it vis á vis alternative terms and conceptualizations. Finally, I illustrate how these conceptual foundations provide a more solid basis for empirical research by introducing a descriptive typology and a database of civilian noncooperation campaigns in the Colombian civil war. Research on noncooperation holds great potential to improving existing theories of conflict, as well as to inform crucial policy debates, including the protection of civilians, peace-building, and post-conflict reconstruction. Conceptual rigor is central to fulfilling this potential.
Treatment of a Combined Pectoralis Major Tear, Anterior Labral Tear, and Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament (HAGL) in an Active Duty Soldier
Authors: Wolfley Cortney N , DeFoor Mikalyn T , Antosh Ivan J , Parada Stephen A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Anterior glenohumeral instability is an increasingly common injury among young military servicemen. First-time dislocations occurring in combination with anterior labral tears and humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligament lesions, although rare, significantly contribute to further shoulder dysfunction with recurrent instability and pain. Tears of the pectoralis major are also a type of injury more common in the military population, with operative management resulting in decreased strength. We present a unique case of a young, active duty male that sustains an anterior shoulder dislocation with a concomitant pectoralis major tendon rupture while bench press weight lifting in preparation for the Army Special Forces selection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case presented in the literature describing management of a simultaneous anterior shoulder dislocation, humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligament lesion, and pectoralis major tendon rupture treated with a single operation. After aggressive rehabilitation, the patient was able to successfully pass Special Forces selection and has near full function of the operative shoulder with remarkable satisfaction scores.
Housing insecurity and sleep among welfare recipients in California
Authors: Bozick Robert , Troxel Wendy M , Karoly Lynn A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
To estimate the effect of housing insecurity on sleep duration and sleep quality.

Methods
Using longitudinal data from a sample of 1,046 welfare recipients in the state of California followed from 2015–2016 through 2017–2018, we regressed self-reported measures of sleep duration and sleep quality recorded in 2017–2018 on experiences of housing insecurity in the prior year. We applied propensity score weights to attenuate potential bias from an array of observed covariates, including sleep duration and sleep quality measured prior to experiences with housing insecurity.

Results
Sample members who were unable to make their rent/mortgage payments slept on average 22 fewer minutes a night and had lower quality sleep than those who were able to make their rent/mortgage payments. Sample members who were forced to move because of an inability to make rent/mortgage payments slept on average 32 fewer minutes a night and had lower quality sleep than those who were not forced to move.

Conclusions
By compromising sleep health, housing insecurity represents a distinct form of stress in the lives of economically-disadvantaged adults, which could also contribute to other health disparities.
Is complex fault zone behaviour a reflection of rheological heterogeneity?
Authors: Fagereng Å. , Beall A. 
Published: February 2021

Fault slip speeds range from steady plate boundary creep through to earthquake slip. Geological descriptions of faults range from localized displacement on one or more discrete planes, through to distributed shearing flow in tabular zones of finite thickness, indicating a large range of possible strain rates in natural faults. We review geological observations and analyse numerical models of two-phase shear zones to discuss the degree and distribution of fault zone heterogeneity and effects on active fault slip style. There must be certain conditions that produce earthquakes, creep and slip at intermediate velocities. Because intermediate slip styles occur over large ranges in temperature, the controlling conditions must be effects of fault properties and/or other dynamic variables. We suggest that the ratio of bulk driving stress to frictional yield strength, and viscosity contrasts within the fault zone, are critical factors. While earthquake nucleation requires the frictional yield to be reached, steady viscous flow requires conditions far from the frictional yield. Intermediate slip speeds may arise when driving stress is sufficient to nucleate local frictional failure by stress amplification, or local frictional yield is lowered by fluid pressure, but such failure is spatially limited by surrounding shear zone stress heterogeneity.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding earthquakes using the geological record’.
Antigen-specific tolerization in human autoimmunity: Inhibition of interferon-beta1a anti-drug antibodies in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marta Monica , Baker David , Creeke Paul , Pryce Gareth , Gnanapavan Sharmilee , Giovannoni Gavin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAntigen-specific tolerance in auto-immune diseases is the goal for effective treatment with minimal side-effects. Whilst this is achievable in animal models, notably via intravenous delivery of the model-specific autoantigen following transient CD4 T cell depletion, specific multiple sclerosis autoantigens remain unproven. However, anti-drug antibodies to human therapeutic proteins represent a model human autoimmune condition, which may be used to examine immune-tolerance induction. Some people with MS (PwMS) on interferon-beta1a (IFNβ1a) develop neutralizing antibodies to IFNβ1a that do not disappear in repeated tests over years.MethodsOne PwMS was recruited, as part of a planned phase IIa trial (n=15), who had developed neutralizing antibodies to subcutaneous IFNβ1a. Mitoxantrone (12mg/m2) was administered as a lymphocyte depleting agent followed by four days of (88μg/day + three 132μg/day) intravenous IFNβ1a. Subcutaneous IFNβ1a three times a week was maintained during follow-up. IFNβ1a neutralizing antibody responses in serum were measured during treatment and three-monthly for 12 months.FindingsOne participant was recruited and, within 6 months of tolerization, the neutralizing antibodies were undetectable. The tolerization treatment was well tolerated. However, the study was terminated after the first enrolment, on ethical grounds, as treatment alternatives became available and the potential risks of mitoxantrone use increased.InterpretationThe data suggest that it may be possible to induce antigen-specific tolerance by providing tolerogenic antigen following transient immune depletion. Further studies are warranted.FundingThe study was supported by an unrestricted research grant from Merck-Serono.
PCR assay to enhance global surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Vogels Chantal B.F. , Breban Mallery I. , Alpert Tara , Petrone Mary E. , Watkins Anne E. , Ott Isabel M. , de Jesus Jaqueline Goes , Claro Ingra Morales , Magalhães Ferreira Giulia , Crispim Myuki A.E. ,   Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network, Singh Lavanya , Tegally Houriiyah , Anyaneji Ugochukwu J. ,   NGS-SA, Hodcroft Emma B. , Mason Christopher E. , Khullar Gaurav , Metti Jessica , Dudley Joel T. , MacKay Matthew J. , Nash Megan , Wang Jianhui , Liu Chen , Hui Pei , Murphy Steven , Neal Caleb , Laszlo Eva , Landry Marie L. , Muyombwe Anthony , Downing Randy , Razeq Jafar , de Oliveira Tulio , Faria Nuno R. , Sabino Ester C. , Neher Richard A. , Fauver Joseph R. , Grubaugh Nathan D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that may increase transmissibility and/or cause escape from immune responses1–3, there is an urgent need for the targeted surveillance of circulating lineages. It was found that the B.1.1.7 (also 501Y.V1) variant first detected in the UK4,5 could be serendipitously detected by the ThermoFisher TaqPath COVID-19 PCR assay because a key deletion in these viruses, spike Δ69-70, would cause a “spike gene target failure” (SGTF) result. However, a SGTF result is not definitive for B.1.1.7, and this assay cannot detect other variants of concern that lack spike Δ69-70, such as B.1.351 (also 501Y.V2) detected in South Africa6 and P.1 (also 501Y.V3) recently detected in Brazil7. We identified a deletion in the ORF1a gene (ORF1a Δ3675-3677) in all three variants, which has not yet been widely detected in other SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Using ORF1a Δ3675-3677 as the primary target and spike Δ69-70 to differentiate, we designed and validated an open source PCR assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern8. Our assay can be rapidly deployed in laboratories around the world to enhance surveillance for the local emergence spread of B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1.
Age significantly influences the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antibody assays
Authors: Irwin Natalie , Murray Lyle , Ozynski Benjamin , Richards Guy A , Paget Graham , Venturas Jacqueline , Kalla Ismail , Diana Nina , Mahomed Adam , Zamparini Jarrod 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPoint of care serological assays are a promising tool in COVID-19 diagnostics but do have limitations. This study evaluated the sensitivity of five rapid antibody assays and explored factors influencing their sensitivity to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM antibodies.METHODSFinger-prick blood samples from 102 participants, within two to six weeks of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, were tested for IgG and IgM on five rapid serological assays. The assay sensitivities were compared, and patient factors evaluated in order to investigate potential associations with assay sensitivity.RESULTSSensitivity ranged from 36% to 69% for IgG and 13% to 67% for IgM. Age was the only factor significantly influencing the likelihood of a detectable IgG or IgM response. Individuals aged 40 years and older had an increased likelihood of a detectable IgG or IgM antibody response by rapid antibody assay.CONCLUSIONRapid serological assays demonstrate significant variability when used in a real-world clinical context. There may be limitations in their use for COVID-19 diagnosis amongst the young.