bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embedded Ethics in Practice: A Toolbox for Integrating the Analysis of Ethical and Social Issues into Healthcare AI Research
Authors: Willem Theresa , Fritzsche Marie-Christine , Zimmermann Bettina M. , Sierawska Anna , Breuer Svenja , Braun Maximilian , Ruess Anja K. , Bak Marieke , Schönweitz Franziska B. , Meier Lukas J. , Fiske Amelia , Tigard Daniel , Müller Ruth , McLennan Stuart , Buyx Alena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into critical domains such as healthcare holds immense promise. Nevertheless, significant challenges must be addressed to avoid harm, promote the well-being of individuals and societies, and ensure ethically sound and socially just technology development. Innovative approaches like Embedded Ethics, which refers to integrating ethics and social science into technology development based on interdisciplinary collaboration, are emerging to address issues of bias, transparency, misrepresentation, and more. This paper aims to develop this approach further to enable future projects to effectively deploy it. Based on the practical experience of using ethics and social science methodology in interdisciplinary AI-related healthcare consortia, this paper presents several methods that have proven helpful for embedding ethical and social science analysis and inquiry. They include (1) stakeholder analyses, (2) literature reviews, (3) ethnographic approaches, (4) peer-to-peer interviews, (5) focus groups, (6) interviews with affected groups and external stakeholders, (7) bias analyses, (8) workshops, and (9) interdisciplinary results dissemination. We believe that applying Embedded Ethics offers a pathway to stimulate reflexivity, proactively anticipate social and ethical concerns, and foster interdisciplinary inquiry into such concerns at every stage of technology development. This approach can help shape responsible, inclusive, and ethically aware technology innovation in healthcare and beyond.
Two new fossil Tetrigidae (Insecta: Orthoptera: Caelifera) from the Grube Messel (Germany)
Authors: Kasalo Niko , Skejo Josip , Tumbrinck Josef , Wedmann Sonja , Husemann Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Grube Messel is an important Fossillagerstätte in Germany and has a high importance because of the excellently preserved specimens, especially in terms of insects. So far no Orthoptera from the Eocene of Grube Messel have been described. To change this, here we describe two new genera and species of Tetrigidae: Messeltettix cryptoantennatus gen. et sp. nov. and Archaeoarmatus messelensis gen. et sp. nov. We make suggestions on the systematic position of these species and discuss their meaning for our understanding of the evolution of this interesting family of grasshoppers.
Influence of Alloying with Tantalum on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb-xTa Cast Alloys
Authors: El-Batran Mohamed A. , Mohamed Lamiaa Z. , El Hadad Shimaa , El-shazly Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Ti-6Al-7Nb (Ti67) alloy is a modified version of Ti-6A-4V (Ti64) alloy, a commercially used biomaterial for implantology. In the current investigation, four Ti67-based alloys were prepared with different tantalum (Ta) contents (0.0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 wt.%) using vacuum arc melting. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) were used to understand the microstructure changes due to Ta additions. The corresponding influence of microstructure on the mechanical properties was evaluated in terms of Young's modulus, hardness, and wear resistance measurements. The corrosion characteristics of the alloys in simulated body fluid (SBF) were also investigated. Phase identification revealed that, besides α- and β- Ti which are the main phases of cast Ti67 alloy, TaxTiy compounds formed with Ta addition. Young's modulus decreased from 131.8 for Ti67 to 122.0 GPa with 3.5 wt.% Ta. Hardness increased from 327.4 for Ti67 to 378.8 HV at 3.5 wt.% Ta. Alloying Ti67 with Ta enhanced wear resistance, benefiting components vulnerable to surface wear and friction. Also, the addition of 1.5 wt.% Ta reduced the corrosion rate from 31.03 (Ti67) to 5.69 μm/y and increased the polarization resistance from 11.77 to 54.26 μΩ. However, increasing the amount of Ta beyond 1.5 wt.% adversely affected Ti67-xTa alloys' resistance to corrosion.
A review on air traffic flow management optimization: trends, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Aditya Verma , Aswin Dande Sureshkumar , Dhaneesh Somasundaram Vanitha , Chakravarthy Sakthivelan , Kumar Bhukya Shanmuk , Venkadavarahan Marimuthu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAir Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) is the backbone of modern aviation and ensures that aircraft move safely and efficiently through increasingly congested skies. As global air travel grows, managing air traffic has become more pressing than ever. This review assesses ten years of the ATFM literature, the period between 2014 and 2024, and discusses 162 studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Employing VOSViewer and Biblioshiny, this review analyzes the history of ATFM research. It explores the trends and gaps in research, which suggest there is room for improvement for more sound approaches. While optimization techniques have significantly improved efficiency and eased bottlenecks, the future lies in real-time solutions that can handle unpredictable events, from weather disruptions to technical failures. The review identified key areas for optimizing ATFM, categorized by primary focus: delay minimization, airspace congestion, and scheduling. It suggests ways in which more dynamic ATFM systems are possible in the growing global aviation network. By synthesizing the current research landscape, this review addresses the progress made. It offers a roadmap for future innovations that will enhance the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of air traffic management.
Isolation of circulating tumor cells: recent progress and future perspectives
Authors: Guo Ziheng , Xia Weiliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from the primary tumor and enter into body fluids of the patient, where they travel to distant sites and ultimately form metastasis. Understanding the biology of CTCs, in particular at the critical stages of their itinerary, holds promises for better cancer cure. Since the beginning of this century, liquid biopsy has steadily grown to be a keen area of research due to its non-invasive features. As one of the most promising tumor biomarkers, CTCs have shown great potential in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response monitoring, and the exploration of biological mechanisms. Although various types of isolation and detection technologies emerge constantly, the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs still pose huge challenges for these methods and make them inefficient. In addition, the clinical practice of different technologies still lacks reasonable and uniform standards. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the isolation and enrichment strategies of CTCs, as well as their advantages and limitations. By summarizing the current status and suggesting future areas of CTCs research, we hope to continue the concerted effort for pushing forward the clinical application of CTCs, which may represent a paradigm shift for cancer theranostics in the future.
Graphical Abstract
Phase analysis of gated SPECT and its role in assessment of LV dyssynchrony induced by stress test in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Sabri Sherif , Abdel-Barry Akram , Salama Mahmoud , Khalid Mohamed , AbdelFattah Alia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Limited research is available to assess if examining LV mechanical dyssynchrony brought on by exercise through phase analysis improves multivessel CAD diagnosis compared to conventional perfusion analysis.

Methods and results
One hundred CAD suspect or CAD-confirmed patients underwent both coronary angiography and Tc99m sestaMIBI-gated SPECT. The SyncTool was utilized to assess LV mechanical dyssynchrony by calculating the SD and histogram bandwidth. Sensitivities were 74% and 67% with an SD increase of ≥ 4.4° and a bandwidth of ≥ 14° after the workout. Eighty-four percent sensitivity and 53% specificity were demonstrated by a summed stress score (SSS) of ≥ 9 among the 100 patients with multivessel CAD. Compared to SSS alone (sensitivity 70%, specificity 76%, χ2 = 68.9), the combination of post-stress increases in phase SD, histogram bandwidth, and SSS yielded the best accurate diagnosis of multivessel CAD (sensitivity 77%, specificity 88%, χ2 = 181.8).

Conclusions
The diagnosis of multivessel CAD can be effectively enhanced through phase analysis that evaluates exercise-induced LV mechanical dyssynchrony in conjunction with traditional perfusion studies.
Global Predictability of Marine Heatwave Induced Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Radfar Soheil , Foroumandi Ehsan , Moftakhari Hamed , Moradkhani Hamid , Foltz Gregory R. , Sen Gupta Alex 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrediction of the rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) is crucial for improving disaster preparedness against storm hazards. These events can cause extensive damage to coastal areas if occurring close to landfall. Available models struggle to provide accurate RI estimates due to the complexity of underlying physical mechanisms. This study provides new insights into the prediction of a subset of rapidly intensifying TCs influenced by prolonged ocean warming events known as marine heatwaves (MHWs). MHWs could provide sufficient energy to supercharge TCs. Preconditioning by MHW led to RI of recent destructive TCs, Otis (2023), Doksuri (2023), and Ian (2022), with economic losses exceeding $150 billion. Here, we analyze the TC best track and sea surface temperature data from 1981 to 2023 to identify hotspot regions for compound events, where MHWs and RI of tropical cyclones occur concurrently or in succession. Building upon this, we propose an ensemble machine learning model for RI forecasting based on storm and MHW characteristics. This approach is particularly valuable as RI forecast errors are typically largest in favorable environments, such as those created by MHWs. Our study offers insight into predicting MHW TCs, which have been shown to be stronger TCs with potentially higher destructive power. Here, we show that using MHW predictors instead of the conventional method of using sea surface temperature reduces the false alarm rate by 30%. Overall, our findings contribute to coastal hazard risk awareness amidst unprecedented climate warming causing more frequent MHWs.
Paleomagnetic Imprints of Sulfate Reduction Pathways in Continental Shelf Sediments: Organoclastic Versus Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane
Authors: Zemach Yakar , Shaar Ron , Sivan Orit , Herut Barak , Hyams‐Kaphzan Orit , Katz Oded , Roberts Andrew P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMarine continental shelf sediments with high deposition rates may provide useful archives of rapid geomagnetic secular variation as long as the primary magnetization is not altered substantially by diagenesis. To quantify the effects of sulfate (SO42‐) reduction, which is a dominant early diagenetic process in such sediments, on paleomagnetic recording, we analyzed four 6‐m long sediment cores from the eastern Mediterranean shelf. Two cores did not reach the methanogenic zone and are characterized by continuous organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR), while the other two have a distinctive shallow sulfate‐methane transition zone (SMTZ). Age models based on 28 radiocarbon ages indicate steady deposition rates with spatially varying age spans, which suggest that different parts of the shelf stopped accumulating sediments at different times during the Holocene. The upper sediment column in all cores is dominated by detrital titanomagnetite and biogenic magnetite. OSR‐affected sediments record continuous (titano) magnetite dissolution, which resulted in steady magnetic susceptibility and remanence decreases. For cores that reach the methanogenic zone, similar behavior is observed at or above the STMZ, but magnetic properties stabilize at greater depths. Paleomagnetic directions in these sediments are more coherent, with better agreement with geomagnetic models than sediments affected by OSR. We suggest that methane‐rich sediments with a shallow SMTZ and high sedimentation rates can better preserve primary paleomagnetic signals than OSR‐dominated sediments due to a lack of dissolved sulfide in the main methanogenic zone, and that a susceptibility decline with depth should be a warning sign for paleomagnetic studies.
The Source of the Uncertainties in CMIP6 Model's Projections of the Summertime Northwest Pacific Subtropical High
Authors: Yang Kun , Ma Jing , Chen Xiaolong , Wang Lu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBased on monthly data from 30 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the leading mode of the inter‐model uncertainties in the projections of the summertime Northwest Pacific subtropical high (NWPSH) under the high emissions scenario (SSP5‐8.5) is identified by inter‐model empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the sea level pressure (SLP) over the East Asia‐Northwest Pacific region. The leading mode is characterized by positive SLP anomalies over the East Asia‐Northwest Pacific region. Inter‐model regression analyses reveal the relationship between the leading mode and historical sea surface temperature (SST). The inter‐model uncertainties of the NWPSH projections are closely related to the historical tropical North Atlantic (TNA) cold SST anomalies. The TNA cold SST anomalies result in increased precipitation in the subtropical North Pacific through westward propagated Rossby wave responses, further enhancing the subtropical North Pacific cold SST anomalies in the future through the reinforced convection‐shortwave‐SST negative feedback. Suppressed convection over the subtropical North Pacific strengthens the NWPSH through the anticyclonic Rossby wave response. The emergent constraints based on the observed TNA SST pattern reduce the uncertainties of the NWPSH projections by 32.5%, indicating a weaker NWPSH compared to the multi‐model mean. Cold biases of the simulated present‐day TNA SST in most CMIP6 models indicate that the multi‐model ensemble mean (MME) may overestimate the intensity of NWPSH in the warmer future. This study helps improve the accuracy of NWPSH projections, contributing to climate change adaptations for many important sectors impacted by NWPSH variation, such as agriculture, infrastructure, and energy.
Radar Attenuation for Subsurface Sounding on Enceladus: Effects of a Thermally Insulating Porous Ice Layer
Authors: Byrne William , Plesa Ana‐Catalina , Rückriemen‐Bez Tina , Hussmann Hauke , Benedikter Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSaturn's moon Enceladus is thought to possess habitable conditions due to the presence of a global ocean, potential water‐rock interactions at the ocean's base, and its ocean composition derived from sampling active plumes at the south pole. The thin (35 km) and cold ice shell of this small moon in the outer solar system is expected to allow the direct detection of the ice‐ocean interface using low‐frequency radar sounder instruments. Here we investigate the two‐way radar attenuation in Enceladus' ice shell, focusing on the effect of a porous icy layer generated by Enceladus' jet activity. Our results show that in regions with a thin (or absent) porous surface layer, total ice shell penetration is possible. In regions covered by thick and strongly insulating porous surface layers, however, as little as 2% of the ice shell can be penetrated. Nevertheless, a thick porous surface layer leads to high subsurface temperatures promoting the formation of brines at shallow depth that can be detected by future radar measurements.
An Operational Geomagnetic Baseline Derivation Method for Magnetic Observatories Located in Mid‐Latitudes
Authors: Haberle Veronika , Marchaudon Aurélie , Chambodut Aude , Blelly Pierre‐Louis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGround magnetic field measurements are an important tool to determine the strength of space weather events in the terrestrial environment on local and global scales. For that purpose, geomagnetic baselines play a vital role as they describe typical quiet variations within geomagnetic data which allows the successive isolation of magnetic storm contributions. This work introduces an operational baseline derivation method to accurately assess then replace the amplitude of space weather events within high‐quality ground magnetic field measurements from magnetic observatories located in mid‐latitudes. A two‐step approach first identifies storm and disturbance intervals within the magnetic signal. Quiet variations, consistent with pre‐ and post‐disturbance periods, are then used to replace the signal during the identified intervals. The final baseline is validated through comparisons with existing methods and through demonstration during moderate and strong space weather events at 13 globally distributed observatories, demonstrating its ability to track quiet variations accurately while maintaining them during disturbances. This supports the application of the introduced baseline for geomagnetic field description and new magnetic index derivation for space weather event characterization with high spatio‐temporal resolution. As the method is deployable in near real‐time, it is suitable for operational environments.
The plasticity of epithelial cells and its potential in the induced differentiation of gastric cancer
Authors: Yan Ziwei , Liu Yingnan , Yuan Yuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCell plasticity refers to the deviation of cells from normal terminal differentiation states when faced with environmental and genetic toxic stresses, resulting in the phenomenon of transforming into other cell or tissue phenotypes. Unlocking phenotype plasticity has been defined as a hallmark of malignant tumors. The stomach is one of the organs in the body with the highest degree of self-renewal and exhibits significant cell plasticity. In this paper, based on the review of the characteristics of normal differentiation of gastric epithelial cells and their markers, the four main phenotypes of gastric epithelial cell remodeling and their relationship with gastric cancer (GC) are drawn. Furthermore, we summarize the regulatory factors and mechanisms that affect gastric epithelial cell plasticity and outline the current status of research and future prospection for the treatment targeting gastric epithelial cell plasticity. This study has important theoretical reference value for the in-depth exploration of epithelial cell plasticity and the tumor heterogeneity caused by it, as well as for the precise treatment of GC.
Mpox mRNA-1769 vaccine inhibits orthopoxvirus replication at intranasal, intrarectal, and cutaneous sites of inoculation
Authors: Cotter Catherine A. , Ignacio Maxinne A. , Americo Jeffrey L. , Earl Patricia L. , Mucker Eric M. , Frey Tiffany R. , Carfi Andrea , Hooper Jay W. , Freyn Alec W. , Moss Bernard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe previously reported that mice immunized twice with a lipid nanoparticle vaccine comprising four monkeypox viral mRNAs raised neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cells and were protected against a lethal intranasal challenge with vaccinia virus (VACV). Here we demonstrated that the mRNA vaccine also protects mice against intranasal and intraperitoneal infections with monkeypox virus and bioluminescence imaging showed that vaccination greatly reduces or prevents VACV replication and spread from intranasal, rectal, and dermal inoculation sites. A single vaccination provided considerable protection that was enhanced by boosting for at least 4 months. Protection was related to the amount of mRNA inoculated, which correlated with neutralizing antibody levels. Furthermore, immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice lacking mature B and T cells that received serum from mRNA-immunized macaques before or after VACV challenge were protected. These findings provide insights into the mechanism and extent of mRNA vaccine-induced protection of orthopoxviruses and support clinical testing.
Cognate reflex prediction as hypothesis test for a genealogical relation between the Panoan and Takanan language families
Authors: Blum Frederic , Barrientos Carlos , Ingunza Adriano , List Johann-Mattis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a novel approach for testing genealogical relations between language families. Our method, which has previously only been applied to closely related languages, makes predictions for cognate reflexes based on the regularity of proposed sound correspondences between language families that are hypothesized to be related. We test the hypothesis about a genealogical relation between Panoan and Takanan, two linguistic families of the Amazon. The workflow contributes to new ideas of hypothesis testing in historical linguistics and can likely be transferred to other language families. We predict 206 cognate reflexes from Shipibo-Konibo, a Panoan language, from independently proposed Proto-Takanan reconstructions and test our predictions in elicitation sessions with speakers of the language. We found 21 correct predictions from the core-set, as well as another 20 correct predictions from the extended set of predictions. In addition to confirming the previously established sound correspondence patterns, we find further evidence for additional patterns that suggest the reconstruction of three new phonemes for Proto-Pano-Takanan.

Protocol registration
The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 06/05/24. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FGBM7.
Unraveling the roles of jet streams on the unprecedented hot July in Western Europe in 2022
Authors: Li Xinhui , Zheng Jiayu , Wang Chunzai , Lin Xiayan , Yao Zhixiong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWestern Europe experienced an unprecedentedly hot July in 2022, which significantly impacted ecosystems and society. Our observational and numerical modeling study reveals that this event was influenced by anomalous North Atlantic and Eurasian jet streams. The northeastward shift of the North Atlantic jet stream, driven by sea surface temperature gradients, and the curving of the Eurasian jet stream, affected by rainfall anomalies in Pakistan, enhanced atmospheric subsidence over western Europe. This research highlights the crucial role of the synergistic behavior of the North Atlantic and Eurasian jet streams in driving extreme heat over Western Europe. Furthermore, CMIP6 climate model projections suggest that under the SSP585 scenario, similar jet stream configurations could lead to even more intense extreme temperatures (~7.02 ± 0.61 °C) compared to the current climatological mean.
Distorted insights from human mobility data
Authors: Gallotti Riccardo , Maniscalco Davide , Barthelemy Marc , De Domenico Manlio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe description of human mobility is at the core of many fundamental applications ranging from urbanism and transportation to epidemics containment. Data about human movements, once scarce, is now widely available thanks to new sources such as phone call detail records, GPS devices, or Smartphone apps. Nevertheless, it is still common to rely on a single dataset by implicitly assuming that the statistical properties observed are robust regardless of data gathering and processing techniques. Here, we test this assumption on a broad scale by comparing human mobility datasets obtained from 7 different data-sources, tracing 500+ millions individuals in 145 countries. We report wide quantifiable differences in the resulting mobility networks and in the displacement distribution. These variations impact processes taking place on these networks like epidemic spreading. Our results point to the need for disclosing the data processing and, overall, to follow good practices to ensure robust and reproducible results.