bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Assessment of Grain Losses for Paddy Combine Harvester in Koperasi Felcra Seberang Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Sharifuddin M N Z , Mustaffha S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Paddy is an essential plant in Malaysia that is at risk of being lost during harvesting. This study was investigated the grain loss of the paddy during harvesting process by using combine harvester. The research was conducted at Felcra Seberang Perak, Malaysia. The data collection attempted to investigate the percentage of grain losses during harvesting season. The collected data contain of area (acre/hectare) for three blocks of paddy for three lines. It was done with two blocks, which involve a three line and a require five PVC measuring pipe for each panel. The New Holland with the same brand was determining the speed which affects the losses grain with two blocks. According to the results, the average percentage of grain losses in the Block 1 was 1.08% and Block 2 was 1.21%. The percentage of the grain losses in the Block 1 was higher than Block 2 which contribute to the loss of USD29.26 per hectrare. These results show that the farmers loss a lot during harvesting operation which leads to lower the profit.
Usage of Fenton Reagent in Local Tannery Wastewater Bioremediation
Authors: Fitriyanto N A , Sari A K , Prasetyo R A , Kurniawati N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The tannery industry produces liquid wastewater containing high organic and inorganic pollutants. This study aims to determine the effect of Fenton reagent as a bioremediation agent in tannery wastewater treatment. The material used in this study was tannery wastewater from the local leather industry in Bantul, Yogyakarta. This study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with triplicates for each treatment, and the result was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan Multiple range test for the significant difference. The treatment consisted of 4 different concentrations of the Fenton reagent addition P0 (0%), P1 (0.2%), P2 (0.4%), and P3 (0.6%). The BOD, COD, TS, total chrome (Cr), and chrome hexavalent (Cr (VI)) content were observed in this research. This study showed that Fenton reagent’s addition at different concentrations had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the BOD content. However, it has a significant effect (P < 0.05) on increasing the value of TS, TSS. However, it decreased the value of COD, Total Cr, and Cr (VI). The addition of 0.6% in P3 had the highest effect by reducing 66.7% COD, 11.8% of total chrome (Cr), and 11.5% of Cr (VI). It could be concluded that the addition of the Fenton reagent until 0.6% of this study has not been able to meet the standard quality standard for tannery wastewater. However, it was able to reduce inorganic pollutants, especially in Cr (VI). Combining several methods in bioremediation with the Fenton reagent may important for further study on tannery wastewater treatment.
An Estimation Method for Oil Palm Replanting Potential in Kampar Regency, Province of Riau
Authors: Erwinda  , Hati D P , Mulyani A , Nugroho E S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Kampar regency is assumed to have a palm tree land as big as 14 thousand ha with more than 25-years-old plants. The no longer productive age of those plants should have gone through the rejuvenation process or known as replanting oil-palm potential (ROPP). In order to simplify ROPP inventory, research can be done using remote sensing technology and field verification to determine the oil palm age. The research result shows 647, 290 ha oil palm field and 426, 982 ha non-oil palm field. Besides that, it is known the width of private companies-owned oil palm field is 97, 653 ha, and smallholder farmers-owned field with plant age < 25 years (SW2 = 66, 866 ha), and > 25 years (SW3 = 482, 770 ha). The potential smallholder farmers-owned width of oil palm replanting (ROPP) at Kampar regency is at around 7.05 thousand hectares.
Leaching Treatment of Acid Sulphate Soil and Crop Adaptation Test under Micro Scale Condition
Authors: Imanudin M S , Satria J P , Budianta D , Charli C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agricultural problem on acid sulphate soil is related to high concentration of iron and aluminum which can be toxic to crops. The research objective was to determine soil leaching intensity or frequency effect on decreasing iron and aluminum concentration. Results from this research information can be used to develop field strategy in order to determine time and period for land leaching. Moreover, crop adaptation toward leached soil was conducted on corn crop. Experiment was conducted in laboratory of soil physics department of soil science. Duration of leaching was set up in the 5, 10, 15 days. The pH of iron and aluminum was analyzed before treatment. Iron content was at 11.58 ppm and pH was at 3.29. The result showed that the leaching option had highly significant effect on the increasing pH and reducing iron content. The pH was increase at 3.85, 4.07, 4, 26 and 4.34 respectively for 5, 10 and 15 days of leaching. It was also followed by reducing iron content of 9.29, 7.08 and 5.06 respectively for 5, 10 and 15 days of leaching. Within 15 day (two weeks duration) it was sufficient time to facilitate leaching process in the field. Climatic data showed that the rainfall was available during land preparation stage (November for first crop and March for second crop). On the other hand, the drainage facility should be developed in tertiary block to leach out the toxic element in the roots zone. This process should be done in the beginning of rainy season. Adaptation toward corn crop showed that 5 times leaching treatment was sufficient to provide good environment for crop’s growth.
Surface temperature Across Land-use Change Phenomena in Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Ekaputra E G , Stiyanto E , Hasanah N A I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intensive anthropogenic activities encourage drastic land-use changes. The changes in land cover, from vegetation to non-vegetation, have the potential to increase heat emissions from the land surface and the atmospheric temperature. A study concerning these aspects is worth conducting in Padang, a city in Indonesia with high land-use changes (1-5 % per year), regarding that this country has controversial issues related to land-use change. In this study, we use the method Land Surface Temperature to examine the surface temperature change in Padang, Indonesia, and assess its relation to the land-use change. Landsat Satellite Imagery was obtained from USGS, through a data mining process meant to help us gather spatial and temporal data for the period 2010-2019. The results show that the city of Padang has experienced an increase of 0.4°C/year in the land surface temperature, whereas the air temperature has increased with 0.01 0C/year. It reveals per 100 hectares change in land-use it potentially raising 0.06°C and 0.006 °C in land surface and air temperature, respectively. These conclusions improve our understanding of the effects that land-use change has on the spatial and temporal surface temperature in the city.
Design of Drip Irrigation for Cayenne Pepper
Authors: Asmuti A , Awalina R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chili is one of the strategic vegetable commodities both red chili and cayenne pepper that farmers in West Sumatra productivity and quality are relatively low when compared to national productivity. Low productivity of chili is caused by physical factors and biotic factors. Water arrangement is one of the factors that determines the success of plant production because water is a basic need for plants. Chili is a sensitive plant to water shortages and excess because the rooting system is shallow. Thus, a more precise water supply system is required. Designing and using drip irrigation is a way of managing the agriculture of cayenne pepper with the rules of precission farming to increase the productivity. Drip irrigation system has a good way of controlling since the water is flowed until absorbed by plants. In addition, the system will reduce evaporation, and nutrients can be directly fed to plants through irrigation. This system is suitable for having high economic value of plants, so that it could cover the cost of development and management. The designed drip irrigation is expected to serve about 1, 000 of cayenne pepper, which can be built and managed by farmers and operate in a simple, easy-to-understand and relatively easy-to-obtain material on the market. The result obtained by the design of drip irrigation at a tower height of 2 m, a tank capacity of 180 liters, two filters (10 microns), an adjusted emitter for water output, a flow of 200 l/hour. with an operating time of 8 hours per day, is estimated to be able to serve around 3.000 to 4, 000 cayenne pepper plants on maximum water requirements on the plastic mulch soil. The drip irrigation capacity is also determined by the turbidity level of the water from the source. In limited conditions on an experimental area of 300 m^2 and relatively flat land, a watering uniformity index of 83% was achieved. The capacity of irrigation services can still be increased by increasing the pressure height, increase the water flow range and increase the number of filters and increase operating hours.
Developing and Testing Soil Correlation Matrix to Assess the Spatial Variation of Soil Resource in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyana D , Sulaeman Y , Anda M , Saparina D O , Subardja D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil survey and mapping in Indonesia uses 3 different soil classification systems simultaneously. These systems are the Soil Taxonomy of the United States Department of Agriculture (ST), World Reference Base (WRB) of the Food and Agriculture Organization, and Indonesian Soil Classification (ISC). The remaining challenge is to harmonize and interpret soil information among these systems. This study aimed to develop a correlation matrix to correlate soil names and to test it in Sukabumi Regency, West Java. The matrix was developed based on the peculiar soil properties which differentiate one soil class from another. Based on the results, in Indonesia, there are 10 soil orders dominant from 12 soil orders of ST System, 17 RSGs from 32 RSGs in WRB system (2015), and 16 soil types of ISC System (2016). Testing in Sukabumi showed a good example of using the correlation matrix to develop a WRB based soil type map. The correlation matrix was found helpful in developing the WRB soil map in a regional scale.
Potential Evapotranspiration uses Thornthwaite Method to the Water Balance in Padang City
Authors: Rusnam R , Yanti N R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Population growth has resulted in many changes in land cover that occurs in the city of Padang. The availability of groundwater which mostly comes from rainfall is an important limiting factor that increased the production of a plant. Limited water availability causes competition for water use in the community both for agricultural activities, residential, industrial and other water uses. The water balance is a method that can be used to see the availability of groundwater for plants at a certain time. This study aims to analyze the water balance using the Thorntwaite method. The data used in this study are rainfall data along with climatological data for the years 2007-2018 which represent the Padang City area. The results showed that there was a water surplus every month. The highest excess of water occurred in November at 375.72 mm.
Improving Volcanic Soil Chemistry After the Eruption of Mt. Sinabung, North Sumatera in 2020
Authors: Rajmi S L , Gusnidar G , Lubis R L , Ginting F I , Hidayat F R , Zulhakim H , Armer A N , Yulanda N , Syukri I F , Fiantis D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Volcanic activity produces pyroclastic deposits when erupted and cover the surrounding area. The minerals contained in these deposits are the source of plant nutrients. The volcanic deposits weathered, release nutrients to the environment, and improve soil chemical properties. The eruption of Mt. Sinabung in 2018 covered an area of 30, 320 ha, while in 2019 was 1, 371 ha. The study aims to investigate the status of nutrient content and the volcanic ash weathering level in 2020. There were 16 samples taken from ash deposits at various depths, with a total area of 1, 585.31 ha. Samples were analyzed to determine the total elemental composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, nutrient reserves, and weathering indices. The results showed that the total elemental composition of SiO2 is 51.51-67.51% classified as mafic (basalt) to felsic (dacite) materials, Al2O3; 15.54-23.41%, Fe2O3; 2.84-10.02% and CaO; 3.94-6.46%. Mount Sinabung’s volcanic ash has a nutrient reserve capacity of MgO, CaO, P2O5, K2O, and SO3, respectively with the amount of 37, 384.17 kg/ha, 235, 794.99 kg/ha, 34, 293.12 kg/ha, 72, 357.39 kg/ha, and 70, 352.22 kg/ha. The weathering indices of volcanic ash of 2020 were determined with a value of 2.76-4.19 for Ruxton ratio and Product of Weathering Index (PWI) of 67.39-76.13, indicates the weathering rate of silicates from volcanic ash are still at initial stage and are still in the fresh condition.
The Potential of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Improving the Water Infiltration Rate in Lateritic Soil
Authors: Rashid N F A , Zulkifli N , Yaacob A , Yong S K , Kassim J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Poor soil drainage of the lateritic soil is due to its clayey texture and high bulk density. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) may be administrated to increase the water infiltration rate and improve the drainage of the lateritic soil. The share farm of the Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, UiTM Jasin was treated with various volume of POME for 16 weeks by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Overall, treatment of POME did not increased water infiltration rate. The bulk density of the lateritic soil that was treated with POME is suitable for agriculture. Treatment 1 (2L) gave 68 mm/hour of water infiltration rate and 1.25 g/cm3 of bulk density with 0.570 and 0.451 of p-values respectively which is acceptable with the consideration of cost benefits, cost inputs, and profit to the industry. The results shown were not significant might be due to types and soil textures, duration for the research to be completed, and also climate change factors.
The Operation Management Model of Intermittent Irrigation in Cihea Irrigation Area In Cianjur Regency
Authors: Yanti D , Mandang T , Purwanto M Y J , Solahudin M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The availability of water for irrigation has been decreasing and the need for other sectors has been increasing rapidly over the time. Whereas, there are also several environmental damages due to the serious exploitation of natural resources in many places. This situation causes the irrigation system has to be managed efficiently and effectively. In irrigation modernization, the implementation of intermittent irrigation is the right choice, because it is a water-saving irrigation technology. The model operation of intermittent irrigation operation that is built is a calculation model to determine the interval of irrigation water provision and the amount of irrigation water, which begins with the planning of the cropping pattern. The irrigation operation management model with intervals of providing irrigation water for 3 days developed in the Cihea Irrigation Area, Cianjur Regency has an influence on irrigation performance. The paddy planting season in Cihea, Cianjur Regency with intermittent irrigation operation, was able to achieve irrigation water productivity values > 0.8-1.0 kg / m3 (advanced stage in modern irrigation management).
The Effect of Different Rate of Biofertilizer on the Growth Performance and Yield of Rice
Authors: Noraida M R , A Hisyamuddin M R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal in the world and can be grown in different habitats such as lowland, irrigated and upland rice. In order to study the effects of biofertilizer on the growth performance and yield of rice, the experiment was carried out using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) based on 5 treatments with 5 replications. The control treatment (T0) was 100% of NPK fertilizer, treatment 1 (T1) was 30% biofertilizer and 70% NPK fertilizer, treatment 2 (T2) was 50% biofertilizer and 50% NPK fertilizer, treatment 3 (T3) was 70% biofertilizer and 30% NPK and treatment 4 (T4) was 100% biofertilizer. The rice variety used was MR 220 and different doses of biofertilizer were applied 4 times. Each of the application was mixed with inorganic fertilizer NPK at a recommended rate. The parameters used in this study were number of leaves, number of tillers, number of panicles, height of rice, 1000-grain weight and fresh weight. In this experiment, treatment 2 (50% biofertilizer and 50% NPK) showed positive result for all parameters and has significant difference between the treatments. Treatment 3 (70% biofertilizer and 30% NPK) showed the lowest means for most of the parameters. Thus, from this study, the combination of 50% biofertilizer with 50% chemical fertilizer is proved to boost a better growth and yield of rice.
Chlorella vulgaris Supplementation as Mineral Source of Zinc and Selenium to Improve the Quality of Goat Milk as Health Drink in COVID-19 Pandemy
Authors: Sani S , Warly L , Zudri F , Novia R , Fadri R A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris contains micronutrients such as mineral zinc and selenium having role to produce antibody and improve body immunity. However, the impact of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation to goat milks’s chemical compositions has not being well documented. This research’s objective is to identify Chlorella vulgaris suppmentation as zinc and selenium source to improve goat milk’s quality as health drink in COVID-19 pandemy. Fifteen Etawah cross breed or Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats groupped into 5 treatments dan 3 repetitions. The goats were fed with grass, tofu waste and tempe waste. Chlorella supplement is fed to treated goat feed every day with level 0g (P0 = control), 2, 5g (P1), 5g (P2), 7, 5g (P3), and 10g (P4). The research’s result shows that zinc content in goat milk increase 2, 12 ppm or 24, 67%, while selenium increase 0, 08 mcg or 5, 5% after getting supplementation of Chlorella 10g/goat/day (P4). The provision of Chlorella also increase as solids total, protein and milk fat. Milk production increased by 28, 36% with Chlorella vulgaris supplements (P4). Based on the results of this study it can be stated that Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in goat PE feed can be used as a source of natural zinc and selenium minerals to improve the quality of goat milk as a health drink to increase body immunity, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Photo-Oxidation Stability of Mayonnaise from Striped Catfish and Red Palm Mixture Oil
Authors: Ayu D F , Aminah S , Diharmi A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of light on the photo-oxidation stability of mayonnaise. The mayonnaise was made from a mixture of 20% striped catfish oil and 80% red palm oil. The treatments were condition storage, namely P1 (coated aluminium foil), P2 (uncoated aluminium foil), and P3 (exposed to a light intensity of 7500 lux) for two days and evaluated every 8 hours. Results showed that the light increased peroxide and TBA value, but decreased total carotene and tocopherol in the mayonnaise. The highest increase of peroxide and TBA value were shown in P3 with k values of 0.0067 meq O2.kg−1.h−1 and 0.0061 mg MDA.kg−1.h−1. The highest decrease of total carotene was shown in P3 with a k value of 0.0155 mg.kg−1.h−1, but the highest decrease of total tocopherol was shown in P1 with a k value of 0.0161 mg.kg−1.h−1. The light affected descriptively but not hedonically characteristics of colour, aroma, texture, and overall assessment of the mayonnaise. The best treatment was P1 with descriptive characteristics of yellowish-orange colour, red palm oil aroma, and very viscous. The hedonic characteristics of P1 were like by panellists on colour and texture but rather like on the aroma.
The Effect Levels of Cassava Leaf and Palm Kernel Meal Fermented Used Bacillus amylolicofaciens in Laying Duck Feed
Authors: Nova T D , Rizal Y , Sari S Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the level of administration of a mixture of cassava leaves and palm kernel meal fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in rations on egg index, shell thickness, shell strength and color index of duck egg yolk. This study used 160 laying ducks aged 14 months and weighing ± 1500g. This research method is an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD), with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment is feed that uses a mixture of cassava leaves and fermented palm kernel cake (CLPKCF). The treatments were Ration A 0% CLPKCF, Ration B 6% CLPKCF, Ration C 12% CLPKCF and Ration D 18% CLPKCF, each experimental unit consisted of 10 laying kamang ducks. The results of the analysis of diversity showed that the application of the CLPKCF mixture in the ration of laying ducks had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the egg index, shell thickness, shell strength and color index of duck egg yolk. The conclusion of this research is the use of CLPKCF ration up to 18% level in the ration can maintain the quality of duck eggs. In this condition, the egg index was 0.80, the shell thickness was 0.28, the shell strength was 4.73 kg / mm and the egg yolk color index was 14.83.
The Extraction of Gambier by Using Ultrasonic Assisted at Various Temperature
Authors: Anggraini T , Rini  , Aini L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gambier is an extract from the leaves Uncaria gambier Roxb plant that contain polyphenolic compounds. One of polyphenol compounds in gambier is catechin, that can act as antioxidant and antimicrobial. This study aimed to determine the effect of heat on the catechin extraction from gambier by using ultrasonic assisted. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with four temperature treatments, i.e. 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C with 3 replications. The variables measured were IC50, polyphenol content and catechin content. This study showed that the heating process during the extraction with ultrasonic waves has an impact on the content of antioxidants, polyphenols and catechins of the extract produced. The extraction process using ultrasonic assisted at 50°C showed the best result for antioxidant activity, polyphenol content, and catechin content. The value of IC50 was 1.3538 mg/L, polyphenol content was 6.6724 mg/L, and catechin content was 957.01 μg/mg.
The Study of Avocado Mayonnaise with Addition of Dadih as Emulsifier
Authors: Hari P D , Novelina  , Dina M , Afifah D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mayonnaise is a semi-solid dressing, an emulsion of oil in water that made of oil, acidifier, and egg yolk as an emulsifier. Nowadays, consumers prefer natural and healthy food such as salad and others with mayonnaise as a dressing. Innovations in mayonnaise production are necessary to fullfill their needs. In this research, avocado flesh was used as raw material with dadih as emulsifier. Dadih has a potential to replace egg yolk as an emulsifier in mayonnaise due to its casein content. This research objective was to identify the physical, chemical and sensory properties of the resulted mayonnaise. The technique used was explorative method. The treatment was avocado pulp – olive oil ratio variation. The result showed that the ratio variation had an influence to physical, chemical and sensory properties of the resulted mayonnaise.