bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Motor Recovery after Stroke by Assessment of Corticospinal Tract Wallerian Degeneration Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Darwish Hoda Salah , ElShafey Rasha , Kamel Hanaa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim of the Study To predict motor recovery after stroke by detection of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) changes of corticospinal tract (CST) and correlate findings with clinical scores to provide more effective treatment and rehabilitation.
Subjects and Methods Thirty patients with cerebral stroke were enrolled and underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DTI at admission and 1 month after stroke. Mean diffusivity (MD), FA, FA ratio (rFA), and fiber number (FN) values of CST were calculated at the pons at admission and after 1 month of stroke. Three-dimensional reconstruction of bilateral CST and the structural changes of fibrous bands were observed. Severity of limb weakness was assessed by using the motor sub-index scores of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission, and after 1, 6, and 9 months for severity of limb weakness.
Results The mean age of our patients was 61.32 ± 4.34 years, 17/30 (56.6%) were females, and 13/30 (43.4%) were males. In our study, 18/30 (60%) were hypertensive, 19/30 (63.3%) were diabetic, and 12/30 (40%) were smokers. A significant negative correlation was found between rFA and FN in the ipsilateral CST of the cerebral infarction at the rostral part of pons after 1 month of infarction and NIHSS score at 6 months (r = 0.377, p = 0.04 and r = 0.237, p = 0.02, respectively). However, a positive insignificant correlation was found between MD and NIHSS (r = 0.345, p = 0.635). The initial NIHSS score at the time of injury was 19.2 ± 4.3, which changed to 7.9 ± 2.4, 4.6 ± 1.9, and 3.3 ± 1.4 at 1, 6, and 9 months, respectively.
Conclusion DTI is a sensitive tool for early detection of Wallerian degeneration in the CST after stroke, and can predict motor performance to provide effective treatment and rehabilitation to improve quality of life.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterization of the Hippocampi in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Correlation of Volumetry and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient with Laterality and Duration of Seizures
Authors: Muralidhar Apoorva , Kumar Ashok , Prakash Arjun , Krishnamurthy Umesh , S. Manjunath , Majeed Roshni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and Purpose It is estimated that hippocampal damage is seen in 50 to 70% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Although most magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are adequate to detect gross hippocampal atrophy, subtle changes that may characterize early disease in TLE, such as visually nonappreciable volume loss, may often be missed if objective volumetric analysis is not undertaken.Materials and Methods We conducted a hospital-based prospective analytical study in which 40 patients with partial seizures of temporal lobe origin were included and their hippocampal volumes (HVs) were determined by manual volumetric analysis. The findings were recorded and correlated with the side of seizure and its duration. The quantitative assessment was allotted different grades accordingly. Also, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of bilateral hippocampi were estimated and their correlation with the side of seizure was determined.Results Most patients in the study were in the age group of 11 to 20 years (37.5%). In total, 57.5% had seizures for a period of 1 to 5 years. While 67.5% (n = 27) had seizure on the right, 32.5% (n = 13) had on the left. The mean HV estimated on the right and left were correlated with the side of seizure and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001 in those with right-sided seizures and p = 0.02 in those with left-sided seizures). Simultaneously the ADC values estimated were found to correlate with the laterality of seizures with a statistical difference (p < 0.01). Duration of seizures however did not show a positive correlation with the HV.Conclusion MRI with quantitative estimation of HV and ADC values can depict the presence and laterality in TLE with accuracy rates that exceed those achieved by visual inspection alone. Thus, quantitative MRI provides a useful means for translating volumetric analysis into clinical practice.
Extraosseous Ewing’s Sarcoma: Pictorial Review of Imaging Findings, Differential Diagnosis, and Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Alexander Alan , Hunter Kyle , Rubin Michael , Bhat Ambarish P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma (EES), first described in 1969, is a malignant mesenchymal tumor just like its intraosseous counterpart. Although Ewing’s sarcomas are common bone tumors in young children, EESs are rarer and more commonly found in older children/adults, often carrying a poorer prognosis. We discuss the multimodality imaging features of EES and the differential diagnosis of an aggressive appearing mass in proximity to skeletal structures, with pathologic correlates. This review highlights the need to recognize the variability of radiologic findings in EES such as the presence of hemorrhage, rich vascularity, and cystic or necrotic regions and its imaging similarity to other neoplasms that are closely related pathologically.
Clinical Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Neurology Inpatients in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Paul Shabeer Ahmad , Mondal Gouranga Prasad , Bhattacharyya Ramesh , Ghosh Kartik Chandra , Das Sarbajit , Das Suman , Krishna Hema , Patra Chandrakanta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground Little data are available on the spectrum of movement disorders in inpatients, particularly those admitted in neurology specialty. This may be related to the fact that patients presenting with movement disorders are usually evaluated from outpatient clinics.Objective The aim of this study is to provide data on the pattern of movement disorders in neurology inpatients.Materials and Methods Patients admitted through emergency department or neurology clinic with complaints of movement abnormalities were recruited in this study from October 2019 to September 2020. Cases were subjected to proforma-based detailed history, examination, and appropriate investigations.Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics using SPSS 20.Results and Conclusion Bradykinesia with or without tremor was the most common movement disorder (28.3%), followed by ataxia and dystonia (24.5% each) and hemifacial spasm and myoclonus (7.5% each). Chorea, tic disorder, and hemiballismus were also reported. Etiologies included Parkinson disease, Wilson’s disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), drugs, stroke, spinocerebellar ataxia, Huntington’s disease, neuroacanthocytosis, and others. Dystonia represented the most common disorder in the younger age group (44.4%), whereas bradykinesia and/or tremor represented the most common movement disorder in the older age group (46.4%).This study demonstrates the characteristic distribution of movement disorders in neurology inpatients.
Is Lactoferrin Supplementation Beneficial for All Preterm Infants?
Authors: Nayak Amrita , Tiozzo Caterina , Lin Xinhua , Mejia Claudia , Gurzenda Ellen , Kim Maureen , Hanna Nazeeh 
Published: May 2021

Objective Human milk (HM) has antibacterial properties due to the presence of immune-modulators, including lactoferrin (LF). This study will determine effect(s) of HM maturation, fortification, and storage conditions on LF levels and its antibacterial properties.
Study Design HM samples (n = 30) were obtained from preterm and term mothers. The LF levels were analyzed by ELISA, and the antibacterial activity was measured after inoculation with Escherichia coli.
Results The highest level of LF in preterm HM was observed in the first week of lactation. However, storage of preterm HM at 4°C decreased LF levels significantly. Both LF levels and antibacterial activity in preterm HM was lower compared with term HM, but significantly higher than donor HM even after HM-based fortification. LF supplementation of donor HM improved its antibacterial activity.
Conclusion Preterm infants fed donor HM, formula, or stored HM at 4°C may benefits from LF supplementation to improve HM antibacterial properties.
Key Points
Neonatal Outcomes of Infants Born to Women on Hemodialysis: A Single-Center, Case-Control Study
Authors: Imai Ken , Wada Masaki , Ogawa Masaki , Tsuchiya Ken , Kusuda Satoshi 
Published: May 2021

Objective The study aimed to investigate the neonatal outcomes of infants born to mothers on hemodialysis.
Study Design This retrospective, case-control, and observational study included 17 infants born to 16 mothers on dialysis in 2003 to 2016. We compared their clinical characteristics to those of 51 gestational age- and sex-matched control infants. Statistical comparisons were made between the two groups by using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.
Results Of the 16 pregnancies of mothers on dialysis, 15 (94%) deliveries were premature (<37 weeks), and 16/17 (94%) infants survived to discharge. The incidences of neonatal complications, such as intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, and periventricular leukomalacia, were not significantly different between the groups. However, 5/17 (29%) of the infants had congenital anomalies.
Conclusion Although infants born to mothers on dialysis have a high risk of prematurity, they do not have any additional risk of neonatal complications, except for congenital anomalies. The potential risk of congenital anomalies should be investigated further.
Key Points
A Laboratory Investigation on a Tailored Skin and Muscle Flap Variant for the Retrosigmoid Approach
Authors: Chibbaro Salvatore , Cebula Helene , Zaed Ismail , Gubian Arthur , Todeschi Julien , Scibilia Antonino , Nannavecchia Beniamino , Scheer Louise , Bozzi Maria Teresa , Mahoudeau Pierre , Coca Andres , Signorelli Francesco , Djennaoui Idir , Debry Christian , Ganau Mario 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction An anatomical study was conducted to test a modified C-shaped flap designed for patients undergoing a keyhole approach and/or minicraniotomy for retrosigmoid approach (KRSA).
Materials and Methods Ten heads specimens were used. The surgical technique investigated was based on a 4-cm C-shaped skin incision with medial convexity (placed 8 cm laterally to the external occipital protuberance, with the lower edge terminating 1.5 to 2 cm above the mastoid tip), which followed by careful subperiosteal dissection and completed by reflecting and securing the skin flap layer anteriorly and the muscle flaps superiorly and inferiorly by stitches. Anatomical findings, including depth of surgical corridor till to the cerebellopontine cistern (CPC) as well as the sparing of neurovascular structures, were evaluated in every specimen.
Results Twenty surgical approaches to CPC were conducted, resulting in a short working distance to the target (32 mm) without any need for a self-retaining retractor. In every specimen, the integrity of occipital muscles and cutaneous nerves was maintained, and a solid multilayer closure was always achieved. These data suggest that landmarks-based design of this C-shaped incision could be helpful in avoiding damages to the soft tissues encountered during KRSA.
Conclusion This modified approach provides a wide surgical corridor to access the CPC while ensuring the minimal invasiveness of the standard S-shaped incision. Compared with the latter, it preserves better the integrity of the surrounding soft tissues and appears less likely to cause any iatrogenic injury to occipital muscles and cutaneous nerves.
In vivo study of iron oxide-calcium phosphate composite nanoparticles for delivery to atherosclerosis
Authors: Nakamura Maki , Kosuge Hisanori , Oyane Ayako , Kuroiwa Kiyoko , Shimizu Yoshiki , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a macrophage-related inflammatory disease that remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Magnetic iron oxide (IO) nanocrystals are clinically used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and their application as a detection agent for macrophages in arterial lesions has been studied extensively. We recently fabricated heparin-modified calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles loaded with a large number of IO nanocrystals via coprecipitation from a supersaturated CaP solution supplemented with heparin and ferucarbotran (IO nanocrystals coated with carboxydextran). In this study, we further increased the content of IO nanocrystals in the heparin-modified IO–CaP composite nanoparticles by increasing the ferucarbotran concentration in the supersaturated CaP solution. The increase in nanoparticle IO content caused a decrease in particle diameter without impairing its dispersibility; the nanoparticles remained dispersed in water for up to 2 h due to electrostatic repulsion between particles due to the surface modification with heparin. The nanoparticles were more effectively taken up by murine RAW264.7 macrophages compared to free ferucarbotran without showing significant cytotoxicity. A preliminary in vivo study showed that the nanoparticles injected intravenously into mice delivered more IO nanocrystals to macrophage-rich carotid arterial lesions than free ferucarbotran. Our nanoparticles have potential as a delivery agent of IO nanocrystals to macrophages in arterial lesions.
Direct measurement of the resonance strengths and branching ratios of low-energy (p, γ) reactions on Mg isotopes *
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Zhi-Hong , Su Jun , Li Yun-Ju , Chen Chen , Zhang Long , Cao Fu-Qiang , Shen Yang-Ping , Nan Wei , Nan Wei-Ke , Li Xin-Yue , Chen Li-Hua , Lian Gang , Cui Bao-Qun , Guo Bing , Liu Wei-Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Proton capture reactions on Mg isotopes are significant in the Mg-Al cycle in stellar H-burning. In particular, the resonance strengths and branching ratios of low-energy resonances in 25Mg(

)26Al reactions determine the production of 26Al, which is one of the most important long-lived radioactive nuclei in nuclear astrophysics. In this article, we report our first experiment using the intense proton beam of approximately 2 mA provided by the JUNA accelerator ground laboratory and a new technique that can minimize the composition change of targets under intense beam irradiation. The resonance strengths and branching ratios of E = 214, 304, and 326 keV resonances in the reactions of 24Mg(

)25Al, 25Mg(

)26Al, and 26Mg(

)27Al, respectively, were measured with high accuracy. The success of this experiment provides a good calibration for the nuclear astrophysical experiment at the Jinping underground laboratory.
Study of C parity violating and strangeness changing J/ψ → PP weak decays *
Authors: Yang Yueling , Lu Junliang , Duan Mingfei , Huang Jinshu , Sun Junfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although

weak decays are rare, they are possible within the standard model of elementary particles. Inspired by the potential prospects of the future intensity frontier, the C parity violating

,

decays and the strangeness changing

,

decays are studied via the perturbative QCD approach. It is determined that the

decays have relatively large branching ratios, approximately on the order of

, which might be within the measurement capability and sensitivity of the future STCF experiment.
Morphological, histochemical and histological study of the ileum in the Iraqi Black Partridge (Francolinus francolinus)
Authors: Mnati Intidhar Mohammed , Al-Bhadly Ola , Rushdi Jaber Nawar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: This project aimed to study the morphological description and histological structure of ileum in Iraqi black partridge (Francolinus francolinus). Methods: To conduct this investigation, 20 healthy Iraqi black partridge were collected from local suppliers. Birds were euthanized, dissected and then specimens were processed for histological and histochemical staining techniques. Results: A morphological study showed that the ileum appears as a short narrow tubular structure. It extends from the wide end of the jejunum and ends in the Ileo-caecal junction region. Histologically, the wall ileum consists of four tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The mucosa was lined by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The muscularis mucosa is arranged in two thick layers of smooth muscle fibers, outer longitudinal and inner circular bundles. The tunica submucosa was a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Tunica serosa was loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium. The goblet cells gave a positive reaction with PAS stain. Conclusion: Goblet cells neutral mucopolysaccharide secretions; in fact, the latter stain is an indicator mucin substance which are very important in digestion and absorption and subsequent body growth of the bird.
The Correlation of Histopathological Findings with Ultrastructural Changes in Hepatocytes after Yangonin “Ya”-Intoxicated Rats Alone and In Combination with EtOH: Sub-Acute & Sub-Chronic Study
Authors: Hasan Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractYangonin “Ya” has been used for centuries as a herbal supplement, for its mood-altering properties. It has been used as a recreation agent, for relaxation, as well as for pain relief. However, hepatotoxicity is a widespread problem associated with medicines in general. Most herbal supplements are metabolized by the liver, and thus the liver represents the target organ. At present, Yangonin toxicity appears to be “idiosyncratic”. Therefore, a study was designed in order to investigate the organelle-based changes in hepatocytes, after treatment with Yangonin alone and in combination with EtOH. Thirty rats were divided into five groups comprising of six animals each. The groups comprised of the control groups {(NCx) & (PCx)}, Yangonin (Ya) group, ethanol (EtOH) group, and the combination of (Ya) and ethanol (EtOH+Ya) group. The experiment was conducted over a period of 14 weeks, as a sub-chronic study. At the end of the 14thweek, mitochondria, peroxisome, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei of hepatocytes, were evaluated using a scoring system. The results were compared with histopathological findings, as well. Treatment with Ya significantly induced hepatotoxic scores as compared to the control groups. Organelle injury scores increased significantly with Ya treatment, while rats that received “EtOH+Ya” showed the severest lesions of liver scores such as, severe hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, and hypertrophy. Ultrastructural and histopathological scores in both groups were in very strong correlation (r = 0.928 for EtOH, r = 0.921 for Ya alone and r = 0.903 for Ya plus EtOH group). In conclusion, ethanol enhanced the sedative and hypnotic activity of Ya, and markedly increased toxicity. Findings based on TEM examination of organelles, supported the histological results as well as tissue lesions/injuries in hepatocytes, a result of hepatotoxin-induced hepatopathy.
First record of Gyrodactylus hrabei Ergens, 1957 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in Iraq from gills of mugilid fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Kefah Naser 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The A total of 118 specimens of the mugilid fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) were collected weekly from Al-Graiat region at the Tigris river in Baghdad city, during the period from July 2015-March 2016. In this study, investigated of fish gills of Planiliza abu and was noticed of Monogenean Gyrodactylus hrabei, Ergens, 1957 and registered for the first time in Iraq. The description and measurements of this parasite as well as its illustrations were given.
A first record of seven species of terrestrial isopoda-crustacea in central Iraq
Authors: Lafta Al-Doori Maysaloon , Aboud Hansh Talal , Lafta Al-Doori Nibrass 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study is the first kind of it in Iraq. The samples were collected from April to Junuary 2018, we recorded seven species for the first time in Iraq (Procellio laevis, P. cingendus, Lacasius pallidus, Armadillidium album, A. assimile, Orthodillo chiltoni, Cylisticus convexus). These species belong to four famillies (Procellionidae, Armadillidae, Armadillidae, Cylistieidaeà). The samples were saved in the natural histroy museum in Baghdad-Iraq.
Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen food using a specific inlB virulence gene
Authors: Al-Ghanim Aula M. , Abbas Basil A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was undertaken to detect the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen food. A total of 200 different food samples were collected from Basrah markets, southern Iraq, during September 2015 to March 2016. These samples included frozen fish, frozen burger, frozen chicken and worker’s hands swabs, 50 each. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to evaluate the presence of Listeria monocytogenes by using of inlB specific gene. The PCR results revealed that only four samples (7.27%) were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion frozen food may carry a dangerous type of bacteria and lead to human illness.
Role of toll like receptor-9 (1237 T/C) gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Al-Karawi Furqan Naeem , Abeer Thaher Naji Al-Hasnawiand , Jebur Al-Kashwan Thekra Abd 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether (1237 T/C) polymorphism is related with diabetic foot ulcer in type-2 diabetes mellitus of Iraqi patients in Najaf city. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most prevalent and serious diabetic complications. DFU accounts for about 15% of the diabetic population. It is commonly associated with the increased diabetic morbidities and mortalities. The type 2 diabetes is recognized by aberrations of glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. It is increasingly appreciated that wound healing defect seen in diabetic patients is attributed to the altered protein and lipid metabolism. This study involved (180) subjects, between them, 60 were patients as group one suffering from type 2 diabetes and 60 were patient suffering from type 2 diabetes and foot ulcer as group two. In addition, 60 healthy group three as control subjects. Polymerase chain analysis was used for detection of TLR-9 genotypes followed by restriction analysis. We observed no significance differences in the distribution of the genotypes and alleles of (1237 T/C) polymorphism among the study groups.
Biochemical study of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kanaan Ibtihal Idrees , Ibrahim Najwa Khaleel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present research aimed to isolate and purify Alkaline phosphatase enzyme from crude protein extract (Lysate supernatant) of Escherichia coli, by using different biotechnologies. To proceed, the following steps were taken: Firstly, The verification of the existence of enzyme in bacteria, the bacteria were diagnosed by using the API 20 stripe that consists of (20) items. the enzyme was isolated to ensure its availability in bacteria within the logarithmic phase and this was done through proliferating them for 18 hours in a nutrient agar. It had been detected that the enzyme was intracellular because of the occurrence of enzyme activity in the lysate supernatant without occurring it in the cell free culture supernatant. Secondly, Enzyme purification, the enzyme had been purified through three stages: precipitation of protein by ammonium sulphate, dialysis and finally, the protein extract was passed through column chromatography by using Sephadex G-100 gel, the estimated enzyme activity after this step was 22.0 in comparison with its activity before the purification processes (crude protein extract). The approximate molecular weight of alkaline phosphatase was 81.000 Dalton estimated by using gel filtration technique.