bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI KONDISI 1KM RUAS JALAN M.H. THAMRIN MENGGUNAKAN METODE IRAP UNTUK MENCAPAI STAR RATING 4
Authors: Joshua Andre , Setyarini Ni Luh Putu Shinta Eka 
Published: March 2021

The number of road accidents in Indonesia is very high and continues to increase, one of the causes is that there are still many roads that have not applied specific safety principles in their planning designs. To overcome this, it is necessary to implement a strategy to improve road safety using existing methods. In this study, the IRAP method was used to improve the safety of the M.H. Thamrin to achieve a 4 star rating.From the results of the study, it was found that the existing road segment was very good for vehicle occupant because it had reached a 5 star, it was functional for motorcyclist and bicyclist because it had reached 3 stars, but it was still dangerous for pedestrian because only reaches 2 stars. So it is necessary to do a countermeasure to increase the star rating to 4 stars for all road users. So that we get a final star rating of 5 stars on vehicle occupant and motorcyclist, 4 stars for bicyclist and pedestrian. By calculating BCR, the result is more than 1, which means that the treatment option is feasible to be realized.ABSTRAKJumlah kecelakaan di jalan raya di Indonesia sangatlah tinggi dan terus meningkat, salah satu penyebabnya adalah masih banyaknya ruas jalan yang belum menerapkan prinsip-prinsip keselamatan secara khusus dalam desain perencanaannya. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan strategi peningkatkan keselamatan jalan menggunakan metode yang ada. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode IRAP untuk meningkatkan keselamatan ruas jalan M.H. Thamrin untuk mencapai star rating 4. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa ruas jalan eksisting sudah sangat bagus bagi moda kendaraan berpenumpang karena sudah mencapai bintang 5, sudah laik fungsi bagi moda sepeda motor dan sepeda karena sudah mencapai bintang 3, namun masih berbahaya bagi pejalan kaki karena hanya mencapai bintang 2. Maka perlu dilakukan countermeasure untuk meningkatkan star rating menjadi bintang 4 pada semua pengguna jalan. Sehingga didapat star rating akhir bintang 5 pada kendaraan berpenumpang dan sepeda motor, bintang 4 pada pesepeda dan pejalan kaki. Melalui perhitungan BCR didapat hasil lebih dari 1, yang berarti opsi penanganan layak untuk di realisasikan.
METODE VACUUM CONSOLIDATION DENGAN PRELOADING UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT KONSOLIDASI TANAH PADA PERUMAHAN DI TANGERANG
Authors: Sastilaya Jason , Sentosa Gregorius Sandjaja 
Published: March 2021

The expansion of housing in big cities cannot be denied given the rapid population growth in Indonesia. One of the areas that is currently expanding housing is Kosambi City, Tangerang. Soil conditions in Kosambi City are soft soil with high moisture content and soil plasticity, low permeability and soil bearing capacity, and high pore water pressure. This soft soil condition makes the consolidation decline take a very long time. To overcome the problem of the length of time for this consolidation settlement, it is necessary to improve the land. Soil improvement is being carried out, namely the method of vaccum consolidation with preloading. The combination of these methods is carried out by installing a vertical drainage system in the form of prefabricated fabricated drain (PVD) in soft soil, then the initial load is given in the form of preloading on the soil. The calculation results show that the amount of consolidation reduction that occurs when clay soil is loaded with a stockpile of 1.2 m high, a water surcharge of 1.3 m and a vaccum load is 0.3929 m and 0.6968 m for 85 years. The combined method of preloading and PVD is proven to be able to accelerate the time of consolidation, where Preloading and PVD are installed in a triangle pattern between 0.80 m to a depth of 12 m, capable of achieving a consolidation degree of 90% within 8 weeksPerluasan perumahan di kota besar tentu tidak dapat dipungkiri mengingat pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia. Salah satu daerah yang sedang dilakukan perluasan perumahan yaitu Kosambi City, Tangerang. Kondisi tanah di Kosambi City merupakan tanah lunak dengan kadar air dan plastisitas tanah yang tinggi, permeabilitas dan daya dukung tanah yang rendah, serta tingginya tekanan air pori. Kondisi tanah lunak ini membuat penurunan konsolidasi membutuhkan waktu yang sangat lama. Untuk mengatasi masalah lamanya waktu penurunan konsolidasi ini, perlu dilakukan perbaikan tanah. Perbaikan tanah yang dilakukan yaitu metode vaccum consolidation dengan preloading. Kombinasi pada metode ini dilakukan dengan cara memasang sistem drainase vertikal berupa prefabricated fabricated drain (PVD) di dalam tanah lunak, kemudian diberikan beban awal yaitu berupa timbunan (preloading) pada tanah tersebut. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan besar penurunan konsolidasi yang terjadi jika tanah lempung dibebani dengan timbunan setinggi 1,2 m, water surcharge setinggi 1,3 m dan beban vaccum adalah 0,3929 m dan 0,6968 m selama 85 tahun. Metode kombinasi preloading dan PVD terbukti mampu mempercepat waktu konsolidasi, dimana Preloading dan PVD dipasang dengan pola segitiga berjarak 0,80 m hingga kedalaman 12 m, mampu mencapai derajat konsolidasi 90% dalam waktu 8 minggu.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TEKANAN AIR PORI PADA LERENG YANG DIPERKUAT DENGAN GEOTEKSTIL
Authors: Seprianto Satria , Suhendra Andryan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTInfrastructure development in Indonesia is growing rapidly. With the large number of infrastructure developments in various slope topographies, it is one of the locations that is part of this development. The slope area is prone to landslides so that strengthening is necessary. One of the reinforcement that can be done is with geotextiles. In its installation, it is necessary to calculate the correct length and strength of the geotextile for reinforcement. The tensile strength and length of the geotextile as well as the parameters of the embankment affect the safety factor of slope construction. One of the factors being considered is the pore water pressure which reduces the slope strength. So that the results of this study will show how much the influence of pore water pressure on slope reinforcement with geotextiles. After analysis, it was found that the increase of pore water pressure resulted in decreasing of slope safety factor.ABSTRAKPembangunan infarstruktur di Indonesia berkembang sangat pesat. Dengan banyaknya pembangunan imfrastruktur di berbagai topografi lereng menjadi salah satu lokasi yang menjadi bagian dalam pembangunan tersebut. Daerah lereng rawan akan terjadinya longsor sehingga perlu dilakukan perkuatan. Salah perkuatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan geotekstil. Dalam pemasangannya dibutuhkan perhitungan panjang dan kuat geotekstil yang tepat untuk perkuatan. Kuat tarik dan panjang geotekstil serta parameter tanah timbunan mempengaruhi faktor keamanan konstruksi lereng. Salah satu faktor yang dipertimbangkan adalah tekanan air pori yang menjadi penurunan kekuatan lereng. Sehingga hasil studi ini akan menunjukkan seberapa besar pengaruh tekanan air pori pada perkuatan lereng dengang geotekstil. Setelah dilakukannya analisis didapatkan bahwa kenaikan tekanan air pori mengakibatkan penurunan nilai faktor keamanan lereng.
STUDI IDENTIFIKASI RISIKO PADA PROYEK INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wilwin Wilwin , Sutandi Arianti 
Published: March 2021

Infrastructure projects such as buildings and transportation infrastructure have many risks and uncertainties in the implementation process. To minimize this risk, it is necessary to apply risk management in project implementation. In this study, a literature study was conducted to analyze the risk identification methods and potential risks involved in Indonesia's infrastructure projects. An analysis was conducted by comparing the risk identification method and the risk potential in the infrastructure project risk journal collected using the basic mathematic method. Based on research, the most widely discussed identification method is the questionnaire. Furthermore, a risk comparison was carried out in the 2 most discussed categories. The checklist method was carried out so that the material and equipment, and humans were obtained as the most discussed category. The results showed that in building projects, the most discussed risk was the increase in material prices (71%) in the material and equipment category and labor accidents (86%) in the human category. Meanwhile, in transportation infrastructure projects, the most discussed risks were unavailability or shortage of material (67%) in the material and equipment category and the low quality of labor (83%) in the human category. ABSTRAK Proyek infrastruktur seperti bangunan gedung dan prasarana transportasi memiliki banyak risiko dan ketidakpastian dalam proses pelaksanaannya. Untuk meminimalkan risiko tersebut perlu diterapkannya manajemen risiko didalam pelaksanaan proyeknya. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi literatur untuk menganalisa metode identifikasi risiko dan potensi risiko yang terdapat pada proyek infrastruktur di Indonesia. Dilakukan analisa dengan melakukan perbandingan metode identifikasi risiko dan potensi risiko pada jurnal risiko proyek infrastruktur yang telah dikumpulkan menggunakan metode matematis sederhana. Berdasarkan penelitian, metode identifikasi yang paling banyak dibahas adalah kuisioner. Selanjutnya dilakukan perbandingan risiko pada 2 kategori yang paling banyak dibahas, penentuan kategori ini dilakukan dengan metode checklist sehingga didapatkan kategori material dan peralatan, dan manusia sebagai kategori yang paling banyak dibahas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada proyek bangunan gedung, risiko yang paling banyak dibahas adalah kenaikan harga material (71%) pada kategori material dan peralatan dan kecelakaan tenaga kerja (86%) pada kategori manusia. Sedangkan pada proyek prasarana transportasi, risiko yang paling banyak dibahas adalah tidak tersedianya atau kekurangan material (67%) pada kategori material dan peralatan dan rendahnya kualitas tenaga kerja (83%) pada kategori manusia.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN BEKAS TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR DENGAN STABILISASI TANAH SECARA KIMIAWI
Authors: Bodhinanda Satya , Prihatiningsih Aniek 
Published: March 2021

Landfill soil (TPA) has great potential of utilization in construction purpose. Landfill soil has similar characteristic with clay soil that has high water content also contain organic and inorganic material caused by garbage heap. One of the problem in utilizing landfill soil was the low quality of the soil that cause big settlement for the structure. Settlement was an important aspect in performing a construction. Soil stabilization for the landfill soil needed to decrease amount of settlement. Structure model using one, two, three, four floor of load and calculate the settlement occur on the heaviest load location of the foundation. Foundation base was circle and using shallow foundation reconsidering shallow foundation effective for four floor load. Chemical stabilization using 2 methods: Sodium Hydroxide 6% and Limestone 3-4,5%. Based on the calculation, found that Sodium Hydroxide is more effective in decreasing settlement occurred and able to decrease the settlement until 32,42% for the floor load. However, those methods can’t fulfil the 15 cm settlement limit. Tanah bekas tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) memiliki potensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan dalam bidang konstruksi. Tanah bekas TPA umumnya memiliki karakteristik serupa dengan tanah lempung berkadar air serta memiliki material organik dan anorganik dari timbunan sampah. Salah satu masalah dalam memanfaatkan tanah bekas TPA adalah rendahnya kualitas tanah yang mengakibatkan penurunan besar pada struktur. Perbaikan pada tanah bekas TPA diperlukan untuk mengurangi besarnya penurunan yang terjadi. Penurunan merupakan aspek penting dalam suatu perancangan konstruksi, maka dari itu batasan pada penurunan ditetapkan untuk menghindari penurunan yang berlebihan yang dapat merusak struktur. Permodelan menggunakan beban struktur 1,2,3, dan 4 lantai dan dihitung penurunan yang terjadi pada fondasi dengan beban struktur terbesar. Penampang fondasi berbentuk lingkaran mempertimbangkan beban percobaan hingga 4 lantai cocok untuk fondasi dangkal. Stabilisasi tanah secara kimiawi menggunakan 2 metode yaitu Sodium Hidroksida 6% dan batu kapur 3-4,5%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, didapati stabilisasi menggunakan Sodium Hidroksida lebih efektif dalam mengurangi penurunan tanah yang terjadi dan mampu mengurangi besarnya penurunan hingga 32,42% pada beban struktur 4 lantai. Namun, stabilisasi tanah menggunakan kedua metode belum dapat mencapai batas aman penurunan sebesar 15 cm.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between HbA1C Values of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes and Anthropometric Measurements of Their Newborn
Authors: DENİZ DOĞAN Birgül , PALA Emin , ERSOY Suleyman , DOĞAN Murat 
Published: March 2021

AIM: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the HbA1c values of pregnant women who admitted to Umraniye Training and Research Hospital and diagnosed with GDM and the anthropometric measurements of the newborns.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: 200 pregnant women with gestational diabetes between the ages of 18 and 43 with sufficient data were accepted to our study Also, 200 healthy pregnant women formed the control group. The data of both groups were statistically compared.

RESULTS:. Gravidity of pregnant women was 1-8 and parity 1-7 and all between 27-42 gestational weeks. HbA1c values ranged from 4.3 to 8.3. The height of the babies was between 30 and 57 cm, birth weight between 800 and 4760 grams, and head circumference between 22 and 65 cm. While 1st minute apgar values varied between 2 and 9, 5th minute apgar values varied between 4 and 10. While 55.3% of the pregnant women had a normal birth, 44.7% of them had cesarean section. 95.5% of HbA1c values were less than 6.5 and 4.5% of them were at least 6.5. 45% of the newborns were girls and 55% were boys. 7% were low birth weight, 87% normal weight and 6% macrosomic. While 21.5% of newborns had complications, 78.5% had no complications.

CONCLUSION: The complication rate was higher in pregnant women with GDM and cesarean rate was higher due to increasing birth weight in our study.
The impact of the pandemic on neurosurgical services: A study from a coronavirus disease 2019 referral hospital in Surakarta
Authors: Setyono Hanis , Alifianto Untung , Wijanarko Ferry , Ramadhana Geizar Arsika , Putra Galih Santoso , Putra Muhammad David Perdana , Saadhi Ikhdin 
Published: March 2021

Background:
A decrease in hospital visits including neurosurgery cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been reported by many countries. This study aims to reveal important data regarding the effect that the COVID-19 pandemic has on services, neurosurgical surgery, and inpatients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This comparative study compares neurosurgical services, neurosurgical patients, outpatient visits, and monthly inpatients assessed from January to December 2020 (onset of the pandemic) with those of the same period in 2019.

Results:
The average number of outpatient visits per month during the pandemic (January to December 2020) was 369 visits per month, compared to 397 visits in the same period in the previous year. The lowest outpatient visits occurred in May 2020 with 227 outpatient visits. There was a decrease in the number of neurosurgical patients in January-December during the pandemic period compared to the same period in 2019. A significant decrease in outpatients during and before the pandemic was noted with P = 0.046 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
There are differences in the number of visits by outpatients, neurosurgical patients, and inpatients during the pandemic compared to the period before the onset of the pandemic.
Incidental unintentional breakage of epidural catheter in supralaminar area: A case report
Authors: Patel Arth , Adsul Nitin , Mahajan Shvet , Chahal R. S. , Kalra K. L. , Acharya Shankar 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Among some of the known complications, breakage of epidural catheter, though is extremely rare, is a well-established entity. Visualization of retained catheter is difficult even with current radiological imaging techniques, and active surgical intervention might be necessary for removal of catheter fragment. We report such a case of breakage of an epidural catheter during its insertion which led to surgical intervention.

Case Description:
A 52-year-old, an 18G radiopaque epidural catheter was inserted through an 18G Tuohy needle into the epidural space at T8-T9 interspace in left lateral position. Resistance was encountered. While the catheter was being removed with gentle traction along with Tuohy needle, it sheared off at 12 cm mark. After informing the operating surgeon and the patient, immediately an magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) scan were done. CT scan with sagittal and coronal reconstruction was done. Epidural catheter was visualized at D9 lamina-spinous process junction who was removed by surgical intervention.

Conclusion:
Leaving of epidural catheter puts the anesthetist in a dilemma. To evade such an event, it is important to stick to the traditional guiding principle for epidural insertion and removal. In spite of safety measures, if event occurs, the patient should be informed about it. Surgery is reserved for symptomatic patients or asymptomatic patients to avoid future complications.
An extremely rare presentation of AV fistula: Massive destruction of multiple vertebral bodies with paraparesis
Authors: Bansal Kuldeep , Kalidindi Kalyan Kumar Varma , Gupta Anuj , Surapaneni Venkata Nishant , Kapur Rajesh , Chhabra Harvinder Singh 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Spinal ventral epidural arteriovenous fistulas (EDAVFs) are rare and underdiagnosed entities and usually present with benign symptoms such as radiculopathy. To the best of our knowledge, EDAVFs presenting with massive vertebral body destruction have not been reported in the literature.

Case Description:
A young male presented with mid back pain for 1 year and weakness of both lower limbs for 3 months. He was clinicoradiologically diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis and started on antitubercular treatment elsewhere. Radiological investigations suggested destruction and collapse of T12 and L1 vertebrae. Prominent flow voids were seen in T9-L2 epidural space, likely prominent epidural vessels. The primary differential diagnoses were spinal tuberculosis and neoplastic etiologies. T9 to L3 surgical stabilization and anterior decompression by pediculectomy of left T12 and L was done. The surgeon encountered massive bleeding at the time of anterior decompression and a vascular etiology was suspected. Biopsy revealed negative results for infection or malignancy. DSA revealed ventral EDAVFs, and hence, transcatheter embolization was performed. He had excellent outcome on assessment at 21 months postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion:
Spinal epidural AVFs can rarely present with gross vertebral body destruction and paraparesis. Preoperative radiological assessment with suspicion of spinal epidural AVFs can help to avoid intraoperative difficulties and complications. Timely, management of spinal epidural AVFs can result in excellent outcomes
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Bottled Water Brands in Kurdistan Region
Authors: Ahmed Sarwar M. R. 
Published: March 2021

Recently Bottled waters became the main resources for drinking water supply, where the use of bottled waters in some region has exchanged the distribution system of drinking water. However, several different chemicals may be found in drinking bottled water, for instance heavy metals, that have accumulated in lethal amounts which could affect human health after prolonged periods of exposure. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate some bottled water brands in Kurdistan region of Iraq in term of their contents of heavy metal comparing with both WHO and SQI water standards. About 108 samples were collected (18 brands; 6 samples from each brand) from October to December 2019, bought randomly from grocery shops and supermarkets in Duhok, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Selenium (Se) and Mercury (Hg) concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of contamination (Cdeg) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) were also calculated for evaluating the overall quality of bottled water. Results of individual criteria revealed that, excluding Cd and Hg, heavy metals content in all bottled water samples were lower than approved limits according to Iraqi's (IQS:417) and WHO standards. Though, the results exhibited that Cd content in some of the studied water samples was greater than the allowable limits (3μg/L) according to the depended standards. Concerning the values of metal pollution indices, although there were higher HPI values than critical value (100) in three water brands i.e. Al-Joud, Al-Waha and Sanbenedetto, the indices values for all other bottled water were below the critical value. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that except for Cd value in few brands and all Hg values, the studied bottled water are safe for drinking. Moreover, companies of bottled water package are recommended to monitor their products through analyzing the water sample periodically and use activated carbon filtration to ensure the safety of drinking bottled water.
Anti-diabetic activity of rhizome extracts of Imperata cylindrical against alloxan-induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats
Authors: Ranjana Kohli  , Madan L Kaushik  , Jai Parkash Kadian  , Bhupendra Chauhan  
Published: March 2021

The anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Imperata cylindrical rhizomes was investigated in alloxan-induced diabeties in rats. Diabetes was induced by a single 150 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of alloxan. Rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group i.e. the normal control group, diabetic control group, standard group (glibenclamide, 10mg/kg, p.o.), Test-I group (200 mg/kg ethanolic extract) and Test-II group (200 mg/kg aqueous extract). The above concerned groups were inoculated on 21st day. On the last day of the experiment, fasted rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The body weight was measured at the initial day and final day. The blood samples were collected for estimation of glucose. The loss of body weight in control group, but recovery was observed in drug treated group. The serum glucose level was significant increased in diabetic rats. However, significant improvement was observed in treated group. The biochemical parameters such as HDL and proteins level were decreased in the control group but maintained in drug treated group. LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride creatinine and urea were significant increase in control group however, reduced level in drug treated group. The present study concluded that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of I. cylindrical rhizome showed an appreciable effect in reducing the hyperglycemia and the complications associated with diabetes. However, aqueous extract is found more significant in decreasing blood glucose level in comparison to the ethanolic extract. The study results justify the traditional use of the plant as anti-diabetic.