bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating provider knowledge, perception, and concerns about cannabinoid use in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Shah Nidhi , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine , Friedman Adam J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the use of medical cannabinoids expands, the value and acceptance in pediatric dermatology is poorly characterized. To better assess the current climate, this survey evaluated pediatric dermatologists’ familiarity and knowledge about medical cannabis and their interest to research and use cannabinoids. While the fund of knowledge and acceptance was high, providers voiced concerns about psychoactive effects of cannabis and substance abuse among their pediatric patients.
New Methods for Evaluating Energy Infrastructure Development Risks
Authors: Ford Michael J. , Abdulla Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany energy technologies that can provide reliable, low‐carbon electricity generation are confined to nations that have access to robust technical and economic capabilities, either on their own or through geopolitical alliances. Equally important, these nations maintain a degree of institutional capacity that could lower the risks associated with deploying emergent energy technologies such as advanced nuclear or carbon capture and storage. The complexity, expense, and scrutiny that come with building these facilities make them infeasible choices for most nations. This paradigm is slowly changing, as the pressing need for low‐carbon electricity generation and ongoing efforts to develop modular nuclear and carbon capture technologies have opened the door for potentially wider markets, including in nations without substantial institutional capacity. Here, using advanced nuclear technologies as our testbed, we develop new methods to evaluate national readiness for deploying complex energy infrastructure. Specifically, we use Data Envelopment Analysis—a method that eliminates the need for expert judgment—to benchmark performance across nations. We find that approximately 80% of new nuclear deployment occurs in nations that are in the top two quartiles of institutional and economic performance. However, 85% of potential low‐carbon electricity demand growth is in nations that are in the bottom two quartiles of performance. We offer iconic paradigms for deploying nuclear power in each of these clusters of nations if the goal is to mitigate risk. Our research helps redouble efforts by industry, regulators, and international development agencies to focus on areas where readiness is low and risk correspondingly higher.
An Interview with Kris Sealey on Creolizing the Nation
Authors: Sealey Kris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMichael Monahan, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Memphis, speaks with Kris Sealy about her recent book, Creolizing the Nation (Northwestern University Press, 2020). Drawing on Caribbean, decolonial, and Latina feminist resources, Creolizing the Nation identifies the nation‐form as a powerful resource for political struggles against colonialism, racism, and other manifestations of Western hegemony in the Global South even as it acknowledges the homogenizing effects of the politics of nationalism. Sealey argues that creolization provides a rich theoretical ground for rethinking the nation and deploying its political and cultural apparatus to imagine more just, humane communities.
The Human Factor: Algorithms, Dissenters, and Detention in Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Koulish Robert , Calvo Ernesto 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThis article measures Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers’ punitive biases in immigration enforcement, comparing rates of dissent with low‐ and high‐risk classification scores. It provides evidence that contextual political factors alter dissent with risk classification assessment (RCA) scores and describes how such dissent informs more punitive versions of ICE's RCA scoring rules.MethodsWe implement a statistical decomposition technique that compares the gap between low‐ and high‐risk dissent rates in risk assessments. Historical and qualitative evidence describes the effect of punitive biases in algorithmic editing.ResultsResults of this investigation show that larger gaps in dissent rates between low‐ and high‐risk classifications result in more punitive scoring updates in later versions of the RCA algorithm.ConclusionOur article provides evidence that risk assessment tools implemented to reduce biases in immigration enforcement were updated to accommodate the punitive bias of ICE officers and supervisors.
Current applications of platelet gels in wound healing—A review
Authors: Wang Shujun , Yang Jie , Zhao Guangchao , Liu Ran , Du Ying , Cai Zhimei , Luan Jianfeng , Shen Yanfei , Chen Baoan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman platelets play important roles in several physiologic and pathologic processes. Platelet concentrates are activated with thrombin or calcium, resulting in a viscous coagulum (platelet gel [PG]), composed of 95% platelets at least. PG is increasingly used for the treatment of a variety of soft and hard tissue defects, most notably in the management of chronic non‐healing wounds. During wound healing, platelets not only play a critical role in primary hemostasis and thrombosis, but also release growth factors and cytokines to promote tissue regeneration, enhance collagen synthesis, and trigger an immune response. This review addresses a variety of aspects relevant to the functions of well‐known platelet growth factors, animal and clinical studies of PG in the last decade, and different sources of platelets for PG. PG is used for non‐healing chronic wounds, such as oral ulcerations related to epidermolysis bullosa and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, for those, the traditional treatment effect is poor. PG maybe provide a new therapeutic direction for these diseases. Nevertheless, some uncertainty is present, the number of clinical studies is not enough. Hence, randomized controlled trials are still required to study the potential of the use of PG in the near future.
Stationary Response of Nonlinear Vibration Energy Harvesters by Path Integration
Authors: Zhu Haitao , Xu Yangang , Yu Yang , Xu Lixin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA path integration procedure based on Gauss–Legendre integration scheme is developed to analyze probabilistic solution of nonlinear vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) in this paper. First, traditional energy harvesters are briefly introduced, and their nondimensional governing and moment equations are given. These moment equations can be solved through the Runge–Kutta and Gaussian closure method. Then, the path integration method is extended to three-dimensional situation, solving the probability density function (PDF) of VEH. Three illustrative examples are considered to evaluate the effectiveness of this method. The effectiveness of nonlinearity of traditional monostable VEH is studied. The bistable VEH is further studied too. At the same time, equivalent linearization method (EQL) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) are employed. The results indicate that three-dimensional path integration method can give satisfactory results for the global PDF, especially when solving bistable VEH problems. The results of this method have better consistency with the simulation results than those of EQL. In addition, different degrees of hardening and softening behaviors of PDFs occur when the magnitude of nonlinearity coefficient increases or the bistable VEH is considered.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Spherical Robot Assisted by High-Speed Rotating Flywheels for Self-Stabilization and Obstacle Surmounting
Authors: Hu Yibo , Wei Yanding , Liu Mengnan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to reinforce the operation stability and obstacle capability of a spherical robot, this paper presents a spherical robot with high-speed rotating flywheel, the mechanical structure of which is mainly composed of a spherical shell, a double pendulum on both sides and two high-speed flywheels. The robot has three excitation modes: level running, self-stability operating, and obstacle surmounting. The dynamic characteristics of the pendulum, flywheel, and brake of the robot are discussed through the establishment of kinematic and dynamic model of the spherical robot and the influence of parameters like weight, flywheel speed. and flywheel position on its dynamic characteristics and robot performance is optimized and analyzed in detail. The research results indicate that the two flywheels located in the center of the sphere apart can bring maximum stability gain to the sphere. Finally, the simulation and experiment of the stability gain brought by the high-speed flywheel to the sphere verify that the operation stability of the sphere is effectively improved after using the flywheel, and the robot that stops the flywheel through a brake fixed on the pendulum has better obstacle surmounting performance.
Characterising the impact of COVID-19 environment on mental health, gender affirming services and socioeconomic loss in a global sample of transgender and non-binary people: a structural equation modelling
Authors: Restar Arjee Javellana , Jin Harry , Jarrett Brooke , Adamson Tyler , Baral Stefan David , Howell Sean , Beckham S Wilson 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundWe characterised the impact of COVID-19 on the socioeconomic conditions, access to gender affirmation services and mental health outcomes in a sample of global transgender (trans) and non-binary populations.MethodsBetween 16 April 2020 and 3 August 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with a global sample of trans and non-binary people (n=849) through an online social networking app. We conducted structural equational modelling procedures to determine direct, indirect and overall effects between poor mental health (ie, depression and anxiety) and latent variables across socioecological levels: social (ie, reduction in gender affirming services, socioeconomic loss impact) and environmental factors (ie, COVID-19 pandemic environment).ResultsAnxiety (45.82%) and depression (50.88%) in this sample were prevalent and directly linked to COVID-19 pandemic environment. Adjusted for gender identity, age, migrant status, region, education and level of socioeconomic status, our final model showed significant positive associations between relationships of (1) COVID-19 pandemic environment and socioeconomic loss impact (β=0.62, p<0.001), (2) socioeconomic loss impact and reduction in gender affirming services (β=0.24, p<0.05) and (3) reduction in gender affirming services and poor mental health (β=0.19, p<0.05). Moreover, socioeconomic loss impact and reduction in gender affirming services were found to be partial mediators in this model.ConclusionThe study results supported the importance of bolstering access to gender affirming services and strengthening socioeconomic opportunities and programmatic support to buffer the impact of COVID-19 pandemic environment on poor mental health among trans and non-binary communities globally.
Prevalence and predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Dodoma region, Tanzania: an analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Mdoe Mwajuma Bakari , Kibusi Stephen Matthew , Munyogwa Mariam John , Ernest Alex Ibolinga 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rapidly increasing worldwide. Globally, 18.4 million pregnancies are complicated by GDM. Despite its known effect, GDM screening is not part of routine antenatal services in Tanzania. There is paucity of data on the magnitude and risk factors for GDM. Therefore, this study sought to determine prevalence and predictors of GDM among pregnant women in Dodoma region, Tanzania from March to August 2018.Research design and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in Dodoma region, Tanzania between April and August of 2018. A total of 582 pregnant women were recruited from four local health facilities, where purposive sampling procedure was used to select the region, districts and health facilities. Simple random sampling was used to select study participants. Screening and diagnosis of GDM were performed using the 2013 WHO criteria. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS V.23 to determine prevalence and independent predictors of GDM.ResultsAmong 582 participants, 160 (27.5%) participants were diagnosed with GDM. GDM was more prevalent in urban areas than rural areas, among overweight participants, among participants with a history of a large for gestational age baby, among participants with a history of caesarean section, and among participants with college or university education. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age above 35 years (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.115 (95% CI: 1.165 to 8.359)), pre-eclampsia (AOR 3.684 (95% CI: 1.202 to 5.293)), low physical activity level (AOR 4.758 (95% CI: 2.232 to 10.143)), lack of awareness of GDM (AOR 6.371 (95% CI: 1.944 to 13.919)), alcohol use (AOR 4.477 (95% CI: 1.642 to 12.202)) and family history of diabetes (AOR 2.344 (95% CI: 1.239 to 4.434)) were significantly associated with GDM.ConclusionsPrevalence of GDM is relatively high in Dodoma region. Most pregnant women are unaware of the condition such that it leads to a high-risk lifestyle. Besides, GDM significantly contributes to the number of high-risk pregnancies that go undetected and suboptimally managed. The antenatal care centres offer an optimum platform for screening, preventing and treating GDM by prioritising high-risk women.
Prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors among nurses and para-health professionals working at primary healthcare level of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Faruque Mithila , Barua Lingkan , Banik Palash Chandra , Sultana Sharmin , Biswas Animesh , Alim Abdul , Gupta Pradip Kumar Sen , Ali Liaquat 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among nurses and para-health professionals (PHPs) working at primary healthcare centres in Bangladesh. In addition to this, we also investigated the association of these risk factors with the categories of health professions.DesignCross-sectional study and the sampling technique was a census.SettingThe study site was a medical university of Bangladesh where the study population was recruited by NCD Control Programme of Directorate General of Health Services to participate in a 3-day training session from November 2017 to May 2018.ParticipantsA total of 1942 government-employed senior staff nurses (SSNs) and PHPs working at Upazila Health Complexes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe data were collected using a modified STEPwise approach to NCD risk factors surveillance questionnaire of the World Health Organisation (V.3.2). The prevalence of NCD risk factors was presented descriptively and the χ² test was used to determine the association between NCD risk factors distribution and categories of health professions.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 37.6 years (SD 9.5) and most of them (87.6%) had a diploma in their respective fields. Physical inactivity (86.9%), inadequate fruits and/vegetable intake (56.3%) and added salt intake (35.6%) were the most prevalent behavioural risk factors. The prevalence of central obesity, overweight, raised blood glucose and raised BP were 83.5%, 42.6%, 19.2% and 12.8% respectively. Overall, the NCD risk factors prevalence was higher among PHPs compared with SSNs. A highly significant association (p<0.001) was found between risk factors and the categories of health professions for tobacco use, alcohol intake, added salt intake and physical inactivity.ConclusionHigh NCD risk factors prevalence and its significant association with SSNs and PHPs demand an appropriate risk-reduction strategy to minimise the possibility of chronic illness among them.
Investigating inequities in cardiovascular care and outcomes for Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: protocol for a hospital-based retrospective cohort data linkage project
Authors: Kearns Therese , Diaz Abbey , Whop Lisa J , Moore Suzanne P , Condon John R , Andrews Ross M , Katzenellenbogen Judith M , Matthews Veronica , Wang William , Johnston Trisha , Taylor Catherine , Potts Boyd , Kathage Alex , Suleman Abdulla , Stanley Lucy , Mitchell Louise , Garvey Gail , Williamson Daniel 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a significant burden of disease for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, a population that continues to experience a lower life expectancy than other Australians. The aim of the Better Cardiac Care Data Linkage project is to describe patient care pathways and to identify disparities in care and health outcomes between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and other Queensland residents diagnosed with CVD in the state of Queensland.MethodsThis is a population-based retrospective cohort study using linked regional, state and national health and administrative data collections to describe disparities in CVD healthcare in primary and secondary prevention settings and during hospitalisation. The CVD cohort will be identified from the Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection for admissions that occurred between 1 July 2010 and 31 June 2016 and will include relevant International Classification of Disease codes for ischaemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Person-level data will be linked by Data Linkage Queensland and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) in accordance with ethical and public health approvals to describe the patient journey prior to, during and post the hospital admission.AnalysisThis project will focus largely on descriptive epidemiological measures and multivariate analysis of clinical care standards and outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people compared with other Queenslanders, including identification of risk factors for suboptimal care and change over time. Variation in care pathways and patient outcomes will be compared by Indigenous status, sex, age group, remoteness of residence, year of index hospitalisation and socioeconomic status. Cox models for time-to-event data and mixed models or generalised estimating equations for longitudinal data will be used to measure change over time where temporal effects exist.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by Human Research Ethics Committees of the Prince Charles Hospital (HREC/15/QPCH/289) and the AIHW (EO2016-1-233). The Northern Territory Department of Health and Menzies School of Health Research have also provided reciprocal ethical approval of the project (HREC 2019–3490). The deidentified results will be summarised in a report and shared with investigators, advisory groups, Queensland Health and key stakeholders. Findings will be disseminated through workshops, conferences and will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Understanding physician behaviour in the 6–8 weeks hip check in primary care: a qualitative study using the COM-B
Authors: Chater Angel , Milton Sarah , Green Judith , Gilworth Gill , Roposch Andreas 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesA compulsory hip check is performed on an infant at 6–8 weeks in primary care for the detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Missed diagnoses and infants incorrectly labelled with DDH remain an important problem. The nature of physician behaviour as a likely source of this problem has not been explored. The aims of this study were to make a behavioural diagnosis of general practitioners (GPs) who perform these hip checks, and identify potential behavioural change techniques that could make the hip checks more effective.DesignQualitative study with in-depth semistructured interviews of 6–8 weeks checks. We used the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model in making a behavioural diagnosis and elicited factors that can be linked to improving the assessment.SettingPrimary care.Participants17 GPs (15 female) who had between 5 and 34 years of work experience were interviewed.ResultsCapability related to knowledge of evidence-based criteria and skill to identify DDH were important behavioural factors. Both physical (clinic time and space) and social (practice norms), opportunity were essential for optimal behaviour. Furthermore, motivation related to the importance of the 6–8 weeks check and confidence to perform the check and refer appropriately were identified in the behavioural diagnosis.ConclusionAspects of capability, opportunity and motivation affect GPs’ diagnosis and referral behaviours in relation to DDH. The findings from this work extend current knowledge and will inform the development of an intervention aimed at improving the diagnosis of DDH.
Optimal target blood pressure in critically ill adult patients with vasodilatory shock: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fukui Satoshi , Higashio Koki , Murao Shuhei , Endo Akira , Akira Takasu , Yamakawa Kazuma 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThe optimal target of mean arterial pressure (MAP) for better outcomes in patients with vasodilatory shock remains a matter of debate. Although catecholamines are generally used to maintain target blood pressure in hypotensive patients with vasodilatory shock, the adverse effects of catecholamines must also be considered. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the certainty of evidence determining the optimal target of MAP control for patients with vasodilatory shock in critically ill settings.Methods and analysisThis study protocol was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. We will include only RCTs that evaluated the two different comparators for target MAP to be maintained for clinical outcomes of all-cause mortality: organ dysfunction and adverse events in critically ill adult patients with vasodilatory shock. We will search the electronic bibliographic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in November 2020. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, perform full article reviews and extract study data. We will report study characteristics and assess methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool. If pooling is appropriate, we will calculate relative risks with 95% CIs for all outcome measures. Clinical and methodological subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed to explore heterogeneity. Overall certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not involve primary data collection, and formal ethics approval will therefore not be required. We aim to publish this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberUMIN000042624.