bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of Netrin-1 in the MIA-induced osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint in mice
Authors: Xiao Mian , Hu Zhihui , Jiang Henghua , Li Cheng , Guo Huilin , Fang Wei , Long Xing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSubchondral bone degeneration is the main pathological change during temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) development. Netrin-1, an axon-guiding factor, might play roles in OA development and pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Netrin-1 in TMJ OA and its possible role in the progression of TMJ OA and pain. The synovial fluids of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) patients were collected for Netrin-1 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TMJ OA model was built by MIA joint injection, and then the von Frey test, hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, toluidine blue (TB) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and micro-CT were performed. After induction of osteoclast differentiation of raw264.7 cells, immunofluorescence (IF) was used to detect the Netrin-1 and its receptors on osteoclast membrane. The concentration of Netrin-1 increased in the synovial fluid of TMJ OA patients. After MIA injection to TMJ, the head withdrawal threshold (HWT) was significantly decreased. Microscopically, the structural disorder of subchondral bone was the most obvious at the 2nd week after MIA injection. In addition, Netrin-1 expression increased in the subchondral bone at the 2nd week after MIA injection. In vitro, the expressions of Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5B were upregulated on the osteoclast membrane. Netrin-1 might be an important regulator during bone degeneration and pain in the process of TMJ OA.
Pre-screening for osteoporosis with calcaneus quantitative ultrasound and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone density
Authors: Yen Chia-Chi , Lin Wei-Chun , Wang Tzu-Hao , Chen Guan-Fan , Chou Da-Ying , Lin Dian-Min , Lin Shu-Yuan , Chan Min-Ho , Wu Jia-Ming , Tseng Chin-Dar , Huang Yu-Jie , Lee Tsair-Fwu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCalcaneal quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) is a useful prescreening tool for osteoporosis, while the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the mainstream in clinical practice. We evaluated the correlation between QUS and DXA in a Taiwanese population. A total of 772 patients were enrolled and demographic data were recorded with the QUS and DXA T-score over the hip and spine. The correlation coefficient of QUS with the DXA-hip was 0.171. For DXA-spine, it was 0.135 overall, 0.237 in females, and 0.255 in males. The logistic regression model using DXA-spine as a dependent variable was established, and the classification table showed 66.2% accuracy. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with Youden’s Index revealed the optimal cut-off point of QUS for predicting osteoporosis to be 2.72. This study showed a meaningful correlation between QUS and DXA in a Taiwanese population. Thus, it is important to pre-screen for osteoporosis with calcaneus QUS.
Eye tracking based dyslexia detection using a holistic approach
Authors: Nerušil Boris , Polec Jaroslav , Škunda Juraj , Kačur Juraj 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new detection method for cognitive impairments is presented utilizing an eye tracking signals in a text reading test. This research enhances published articles that extract combination of various features. It does so by processing entire eye-tracking records either in time or frequency whereas applying only basic signal pre-processing. Such signals were classified as a whole by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) that hierarchically extract substantial features scatter either in time or frequency and nonlinearly binds them using machine learning to minimize a detection error. In the experiments we used a 100 fold cross validation and a dataset containing signals of 185 subjects (88 subjects with low risk and 97 subjects with high risk of dyslexia). In a series of experiments it was found that magnitude spectrum based representation of time interpolated eye-tracking signals recorded the best results, i.e. an average accuracy of 96.6% was reached in comparison to 95.6% that is the best published result on the same database. These findings suggest that a holistic approach involving small but complex enough CNNs applied to properly pre-process and expressed signals provides even better results than a combination of meticulously selected well-known features.
Opposing shifts in distributions of chlorophyll concentration and composition in grassland under warming
Authors: Zhang Yao , He Nianpeng , Yu Guirui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobal warming has significantly altered the distribution and productivity of vegetation owing to shifts in plant functional traits. However, chlorophyll adaptations—good representative of plant production—in grasslands have not been investigated on a large scale, hindering ecological predictions of climate change. Three grassland transects with a natural temperature gradient were designed in the Tibetan, Mongolian, and Loess Plateau to describe the changes in chlorophyll under different warming scenarios for 475 species. In the three plateaus, variations and distributions of species chlorophyll concentration and composition were compared. The results showed that the means of chlorophyll concentration and composition (chlorophyll a/b) increased with the mean annual temperature. Still, their distributions shifted in opposite manners: chlorophyll concentration was distributed in a broader but more differential manner, while chlorophyll composition was distributed in a narrower but more uniform manner. Compared to chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll composition was more conservative, with a slight shift in distribution. At the regional level, the chlorophyll concentration and composition depend on the limitations of the local climate or resources. The results implied that warming might drive shifts in grassland chlorophyll distribution mainly by alternations in species composition. Large-scale chlorophyll investigations will be useful for developing prediction techniques.
Development and validation of a new diabetes index for the risk classification of present and new-onset diabetes: multicohort study
Authors: Moon Shinje , Jang Ji-Yong , Kim Yumin , Oh Chang-Myung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to propose a novel diabetes index for the risk classification based on machine learning techniques with a high accuracy for diabetes mellitus. Upon analyzing their demographic and biochemical data, we classified the 2013–16 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), the 2017–18 KNHANES, and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), as the derivation, internal validation, and external validation sets, respectively. We constructed a new diabetes index using logistic regression (LR) and calculated the probability of diabetes in the validation sets. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and Cox regression analysis to measure the performance of the internal and external validation sets, respectively. We constructed a gender-specific diabetes prediction model, having a resultant AUROC of 0.93 and 0.94 for men and women, respectively. Based on this probability, we classified participants into five groups and analyzed cumulative incidence from the KoGES dataset. Group 5 demonstrated significantly worse outcomes than those in other groups. Our novel model for predicting diabetes, based on two large-scale population-based cohort studies, showed high sensitivity and selectivity. Therefore, our diabetes index can be used to classify individuals at high risk of diabetes.
Research on the quantum confinement effect and enhanced luminescence of red-emitting P5+-doped CaAl12O19:Mn4+,Mg2+ phosphors
Authors: Fan Guodong , Zhang Han , Fan Di , Jiang Rui , Ruan Fangyi , Li Nan , Su Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2021

Substituting P5+ for Al3+ leads to charge imbalance, which will induce the formation of an electron trap and oxygen vacancy and further generate a quantum-confined electron trap, thereby improving the luminescence intensity and PLQY of phosphors.
Islanding detection by phase difference method using a low cost quasi‐PMU
Authors: Laverty David M. , Duggan Connor , Hastings John C. , Morrow D. John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel and cost‐effective solution for detecting the islanding condition at embedded generators using an innovative new type of phase angle detector, the "quasi‐PMU". The method works by checking the synchronism of the embedded generator with respect to a robust reference location. The method is low cost, effective, and easy to configure using a modern broker based "one‐to‐many" solution for the telecommunications needs. The new "quasi‐PMU" is validated against appropriate IEEE compliance standards and shown to be effective in detecting the islanding condition using data obtained by an experimental study and through simulations. The islanding detection method presented in this paper is particularly suited to grids with increasingly large dynamic events and frequency excursions arising from lowering system inertia. The authors’ design gives the system operator confidence for consistent operation of embedded generation protection. The method is affordable, reliable and is ready for immediate implementation.
Optimum heat spreader size for producing maximum net power from high‐concentration photovoltaic systems
Authors: Al‐Amri Fahad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study introduces an analytical approach for predicting net power for high‐concentrating photovoltaic systems (HCPV). Wind speed, surface radiation, and size of the backplate, which acts as a heat spreader, were found to be of high impact in increasing solar cell efficiency and maximum produced power. The efficiency increased by 5% as the wind shifted from light air (0.5 m/s) to fresh breeze (10 m/s). Also, it increased by 1.64% as the aluminium backplate shifted from a shiny (ɛ = 0) to a dark (ɛ = 1) surface. Furthermore, increasing heat‐spreader length or wind velocity caused a logarithmic increase in solar cell efficiency. On the other hand, both parameters caused an exponential increase in consumed power due to the operation of a tracking system. Thus, optimal values of heat‐spreader length at which maximum net power is produced exist. A case study based on the annual average values of the hourly‐basis meteorological data for the period 2015 to 2018 for two cities in Saudi Arabia was conducted. It was found that the size of the heat spreader could be reduced by 36% for concentration ratio up to 2000 while concurrently increasing the net power by 2.6% and 6% for the systems built in Riyadh and Dammam, respectively.
Funktion und Struktur peripherer Nerven aus
neuropädiatrischer Sicht: Wie klinische, neurophysiologische und
Ultraschalluntersuchungen ergänzende diagnostische Informationen
liefern
Authors: Broser Philip , Lütschg Jürg 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Übersicht wird dargestellt, wie sich klinisch
neurophysiologische Methoden (Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit und Elektromyografie)
und Ultraschalluntersuchungen (US) von peripheren Nerven bei der
Abklärung von hereditären senso-motorischen Neuropathien (HMSN),
der Friedreichschen Ataxie, erworbenen Neuropathien (am Beispiel von Diabetes
mellitus) und traumatischen Nervenläsionen bei Kindern
ergänzen können. Bei allen Formen der HMSN 1 kommt es zu einer
Verlangsamung der Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit. Die Ultraschalluntersuchung zeigt
nur bei HMSN1A eine deutlich vergrösserte
Nervenquerschnittsfläche. Beim M. Friedreich können meist
keine sensiblen Potentiale ausgelöst werden und die US-Resultate sind
variabel. Bei traumatischen Nervenläsionen kann vor allem mithilfe der
US-Untersuchung entschieden werden, ob eine operative Nervenrevision indiziert
ist. Die erworbenen Neuropathien werden am Beispiel der diabetischen Neuropathie
dargestellt. Die US- und die ENG Resultate sind oft abnorm, auch wenn klinisch
keine Neuropathie-Symptome nachweisbar sind.
Exercise during Pregnancy: Developmental Programming Effects and Future Directions in Humans
Authors: Krassovskaia Polina M. , Chaves Alec B. , Houmard Joseph A. , Broskey Nicholas T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpidemiological studies show that low birth weight is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood, indicating that chronic diseases could be influenced by hormonal or metabolic insults encountered in utero. This concept, now known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, postulates that the intrauterine environment may alter the structure and function of the organs of the fetus as well as the expression of genes that impart an increased vulnerability to chronic diseases later in life. Lifestyle interventions initiated during the prenatal period are crucial as there is the potential to attenuate progression towards chronic diseases. However, how lifestyle interventions such as physical activity directly affect human offspring metabolism and the potential mechanisms involved in regulating metabolic balance at the cellular level are not known. The purpose of this review is to highlight the effects of exercise during pregnancy on offspring metabolic health and emphasize gaps in the current human literature and suggestions for future research.
COVID-19-Impfung unter Psychopharmakotherapie
Authors: Seifert Johanna , Heck Johannes , Eckermann Gabriel , Singer Monika , Bleich Stefan , Grohmann Renate , Toto Sermin 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit Dezember 2020 stehen in der Europäischen Union Impfstoffe gegen SARS-CoV-2 zur Verfügung. Psychisch erkrankte Personen haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für einen schweren oder tödlichen Verlauf einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. So stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern Interaktionen zwischen den neuen SARS-CoV-2-Impfstoffen und Psychopharmaka zu erwarten sind. Grundsätzlich fehlen bislang noch konkrete Daten über die Verträglichkeit und Wirksamkeit einer Impfung gegen SARS-CoV-2 unter Psychopharmakotherapie – aus Untersuchungen zu Impfstoffen gegen andere Krankheitserreger lassen sich jedoch potenzielle Interaktionen ableiten, wie zum Beispiel eine reduzierte Immunantwort mit geringerer klinischer Wirksamkeit oder eine Erhöhung von Medikamentenspiegeln aufgrund einer indirekten Hemmung von metabolisierenden Enzymen durch Impfstoffe. Andererseits zeigen depressive Patienten, die mit Antidepressiva medikamentös behandelt werden, eine bessere Immunantwort.
Synthesis of Diethoxy Arylphosphoryl Functionalized, Fully Substituted 5-Triazenyl-1,2,3-triazoles via Chelation-Assisted Interrupted Domino Reaction of ortho-Azidophosphonates with Copper(I) Alkynes
Authors: López Ortiz Fernando , Navarro Yolanda , Heras Jiménez Ismael , Iglesias María J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 5-triazenyl-1,2,3-triazoles bearing diethoxy arylphosphoryl moieties via a domino reaction between ortho-azidophosphonates and premade copper(I) alkynides involving chelation-assisted [3+2] cycloaddition followed by interception of the copper(I) triazolide generated by the azide. A resulting dicopper(I) triazoletriazenide complex has been characterized through X-ray diffraction.
Diamond-Shaped Mini-Craniotomy: A New Concept in Neurosurgery
Authors: Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Scalia Gianluca , Fricia Marco , Nicoletti Giovanni Federico , Iacopino Domenico Gerardo , Maugeri Rosario , Tomasi Santino Ottavio , Cicero Salvatore , Alberio Nicola 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background We describe, step by step, a modified, less invasive, diamond-shaped mini-craniotomy that optimizes dural opening and can be performed in elderly patients affected by acute subdural or intracerebral hematomas, in therapy with antiplatelets or anticoagulants.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 67 patients (mean age of 78.5 years) treated in our institution, during a period of 10 years, with this novel diamond-shaped craniotomy. Seventeen patients were treated for intracerebral hemorrhage and 50 patients for acute subdural hematomas. All the patients were in therapy with antiplatelets or anticoagulants.
Results Approach-related complications were not detected. Ten of 67 patients (14.9%) presented temporal muscle atrophy; there was no scar deformity, paresthesia, hyperalgesia, or ramus frontalis palsy around the scalp incision. Thirty-day mortality was 22%. The mean follow-up was 1.3 years. One-month postoperative brain computed tomography scans showed a satisfactory hematoma evacuation in 57 of 67 patients (85%).
Conclusions The diamond-shaped mini-craniotomy for acute subdural and intracerebral hematomas is safe and effective, and it should be considered as an alternative to traditional approaches, particularly in elderly patients.
An Analysis of the Safety of Medication Ordering Using Typo Correction within an Academic Medical System
Authors: Darby Alaina Brooks , Karas Brittany Lee , Wagner Tina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives Spelling during medication ordering is prone to error, which can contribute to frustration, confusion, and, ultimately, errors. Typo correction can be utilized in an effort to mitigate the effects of misspellings by providing results even when no exact matches can be found. Although, typo correction can be beneficial in some scenarios, safety concerns have been raised when utilizing the functionality for medication ordering. Our primary objective was to analyze the effects of typo correction technology on medication errors within an academic medical system after implementation of the technology. Our secondary objective was to identify and provide additional recommendations to further improve the safety of the functionality.
Methods We analyzed 8 months of post-implementation data obtained from staff-reported medication errors and search query information obtained from the electronic health record. The reports were analyzed by two pharmacists in two phases: retrospective identification of errors occurring as a result of typo correction and prospective identification of potential errors with continued use of the functionality.
Results In retrospective review of 2,603 reported medication-related errors, 26 were identified as potentially involving typo correction as a contributing factor. Six of these orders invoked typo correction, but none of the errors could be attributed to typo correction. In prospective review, a list of 40 error-prone words and terms were identified to be added as stop words and 407 medication synonyms were identified for removal from their associated medication records.
Conclusion Our results indicate, when properly implemented, typo correction does not cause additional medication errors. However, there may be benefit in implementing further precautions for preventing future errors.
Approach to and Practice of Disc Fenestration in the Management of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in Dogs: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Hall Jessica Falconer , Freeman Paul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Intervertebral disc fenestration has been shown to reduce the risk of extrusion in the thoracolumbar region in dogs, but use of the technique varies between individual neurologists and surgeons. Our aim was to investigate opinions and practices regarding disc fenestration amongst those involved in neurosurgery in dogs.
Study Design A web-based survey containing questions relating to the use of fenestration during treatment of intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs was distributed to board-certified neurologists and surgeons. Results were analysed using Microsoft Excel.
Results There were 323 responses from 190 neurologists and 133 surgeons. Seventy-one per cent of respondents routinely used concurrent disc fenestration when performing decompressive surgery in the thoracolumbar region, although the rate was lower amongst surgeons (55%) than neurologists (82%). Only 25% of respondents performed concurrent fenestration in the cervical spine. Forty-five per cent of respondents reported having experienced complications, with haemorrhage being the most common.
Conclusion Fenestration is widely used in the management of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion, but a universally accepted approach does not exist, and differences are seen between neurologists and surgeons.
Anatomy of the Middle Meningeal Artery
Authors: Sant'Anna Marco Aurélio Ferrari , Luciano Leonardo Luca , Chaves Pedro Henrique Silveira , Santos Leticia Adrielle dos , Moreira Rafaela Gonçalves , Peixoto Rian , Barcellos Ronald , Reis Geraldo Avila , Pereira Carlos Umberto , Rabelo Nícollas Nunes 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction The middle meningeal artery (MMA) is an important artery in neurosurgery. As the largest branch of the maxillary artery, it provides nutrition to the meninges and to the frontal and parietal regions. Diseases, including dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), pseudoaneurysm, true aneurysm, traumatic arteriovenous fistula (TAVF), Moya-Moya disease (MMD), recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), migraine, and meningioma, may be related to the MMA. The aim of the present study is to describe the anatomy of the MMA and to correlate it with brain diseases.Methods A literature review was performed using the PubMed, Scielo, Scientific Direct, Ebsco, LILACS, TripDataBase and Cochrane databases, with the following descriptors: neurosurgery, neuroanatomy, meninges and blood supply.Discussion The MMA is embedded in a cranial groove, and traumatic or iatrogenic factors can result in MMA-associated pseudoaneurysms or arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). In hemodynamic stress, true aneurysms can develop. Arteriovenous fistulas, pseudoaneurysms, and true aneurysms can be effectively treated by endovascular or surgical removal. In MMD, the MMA plays a role in the development and in the improvement of collateral circulation. Finally, in cases of CSDH, when standard surgery and drainage fail, MMA embolization can constitute a great alternative.Conclusion The MMA is a relevant structure for the understanding of neurosurgical diseases. In conclusion, every neurosurgeon must know the anatomy of the MMA sufficiently to correlate it with the diagnosed pathology, thus obtaining treatment effectiveness and preventing brain lesion.