bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining modern tracking data and historical records improves understanding of the summer habitats of the Eastern Lesser White‐fronted GooseAnser erythropus
Authors: Tian Haitao , Solovyeva Diana , Danilov Gleb , Vartanyan Sergey , Wen Li , Lei Jialin , Lu Cai , Bridgewater Peter , Lei Guangchun , Zeng Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Lesser White‐fronted Goose (Anser erythropus),smallest of the “gray” geese, is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and protected in all range states. There are three populations, with the least studied being the Eastern population, shared between Russia and China. The extreme remoteness of breeding enclaves makes them largely inaccessible to researchers. As a substitute for visitation, remotely tracking birds from wintering grounds allows exploration of their summer range. Over a period of three years, and using highly accurate GPS tracking devices, eleven individuals ofA. erythropuswere tracked from the key wintering site of China, to summering, and staging sites in northeastern Russia. Data obtained from that tracking, bolstered by ground survey and literature records, were used to model the summer distribution ofA. erythropus. Although earlier literature describes a patchy summer range, the model suggests a contiguous summer habitat range is possible, although observations to date cannot confirmA. erythropusis present throughout the modeled range. The most suitable habitats are located along the coasts of the Laptev Sea, primarily the Lena Delta, in the Yana‐Kolyma Lowland, and smaller lowlands of Chukotka with narrow riparian extensions upstream along major rivers such as the Lena, Indigirka, and Kolyma. The probability ofA. erythropuspresence is related to areas with altitude less than 500 m with abundant wetlands, especially riparian habitat, and a climate with precipitation of the warmest quarter around 55 mm and mean temperature around 14°C during June‐August. Human disturbance also affects site suitability, with a gradual decrease in species presence starting around 160 km from human settlements. Remote tracking of animal species can bridge the knowledge gap required for robust estimation of species distribution patterns in remote areas. Better knowledge of species' distribution is important in understanding the large‐scale ecological consequences of rapid global change and establishing conservation management strategies.
Response diversity in corals: hidden differences in bleaching mortality among cryptic Pocillopora species
Authors: Burgess Scott C. , Johnston Erika C. , Wyatt Alex S. J. , Leichter James J. , Edmunds Peter J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVariation among functionally similar species in their response to environmental stress buffers ecosystems from changing states. Functionally similar species may often be cryptic species representing evolutionarily distinct genetic lineages that are morphologically indistinguishable. However, the extent to which cryptic species differ in their response to stress, and could therefore provide a source of response diversity, remains unclear because they are often not identified or are assumed to be ecologically equivalent. Here, we uncover differences in the bleaching response between sympatric cryptic species of the common Indo‐Pacific coral, Pocillopora. In April 2019, prolonged ocean heating occurred at Moorea, French Polynesia. 72% of pocilloporid colonies bleached after 22 d of severe heating (>8oC‐days) at 10 m depth on the north shore fore reef. Colony mortality ranged from 11% to 42% around the island four months after heating subsided. The majority (86%) of pocilloporids that died from bleaching belonged to a single haplotype, despite twelve haplotypes, representing at least five species, being sampled. Mitochondrial (open reading frame) sequence variation was greater between the haplotypes that experienced mortality versus haplotypes that all survived than it was between nominal species that all survived. Colonies > 30 cm in diameter were identified as the haplotype experiencing the most mortality, and in 1125 colonies that were not genetically identified, bleaching and mortality increased with colony size. Mortality did not increase with colony size within the haplotype suffering the highest mortality, suggesting that size‐dependent bleaching and mortality at the genus level was caused instead by differences among cryptic species. The relative abundance of haplotypes shifted between February and August, driven by declines in the same common haplotype for which mortality was estimated directly, at sites where heat accumulation was greatest, and where larger colony sizes occurred. The identification of morphologically indistinguishable species that differ in their response to thermal stress, but share a similar ecological function in terms of maintaining a coral‐dominated state, has important consequences for uncovering response diversity that drives resilience, especially in systems with low or declining functional diversity.
Fast in‐line bottom‐up analysis of monoclonal antibodies: Toward an electrophoretic fingerprinting approach
Authors: Dadouch Meriem , Ladner Yoann , Bich Claudia , Montels Jérôme , Morel Jacques , Perrin Catherine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor their characterization and quality control, monoclonal antibodies are frequently analyzed at the bottom‐up level to generate specific fingerprints that can be used to tackle post‐translational modifications or ensure production consistency between lots. To circumvent time‐consuming and labor‐intensive off‐line sample preparation steps, the implementation of integrated methodologies from sample preparation to separation and detection is highly valuable. In this perspective, capillary zone electrophoresis appears as a choice technique since the capillary can subsequently be used as a vessel for sample preparation and electrophoretic discrimination/detection of the reaction products. Here, a fast in‐line methodology for the routine quality control of mAbs at the bottom‐up level is reported. Simultaneous denaturation and reduction (pretreatment step) were conducted with RapiGest® surfactant and dithiothreitol before in‐line tryptic digestion. Reactant mixing was realized by transverse diffusion of laminar flow profile under controlled temperature. In‐line digestion was carried out with a resistant trypsin to autolysis. The main parameters affecting the digestion efficiency (trypsin concentration and incubation conditions) were optimized to generate mAb electrophoretic profiles free from trypsin interferences. An acidic MS‐compatible BGE was used to obtain high resolution separation of released peptides and in‐line surfactant cleavage. The whole methodology was performed in less than two hours with good repeatability of migration times (RSD = 0.91%, n = 5) and corrected peak areas (RSD = 9.6%, n = 5). CE‐fingerprints were successfully established for different mAbs and an antibody‐drug conjugate.
Extracts from Dated Lake Sediment Cores in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region Alter Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase Activity and Gene Expression in Avian Hepatocytes
Authors: Salat Alexandre P.J. , Williams Kim L. , Chiu Suzanne , Eickmeyer David C. , Kimpe Linda E. , Blais Jules M. , Crump Doug 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Increases in oil sands mining operations in the Athabasca oil sands region have resulted in increased concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and heavy metals in aquatic systems located near surface mining operations. In the present study, sediment cores were collected from 3 lakes with varying proximity to surface mining operations to determine the differences in PAC concentrations. Sediment cores were separated into 2 sections—current mining (top; 2000–2017) and premining (bottom; pre-1945)—and extracts were prepared for in vitro screening using a well-established chicken embryonic hepatocyte (CEH) assay. Concentrations and composition of PACs varied between sites, with the highest ∑PACs in Saline Lake, 5 km from an active oil sands mine site. The proportion of alkylated PACs was greater than that of parent PACs in the top sediment sections compared with the bottom. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in CEH permitted the ranking of lake sites/core sections based on an aryl hydrocarbon receptor–mediated end point; mean median effect concentration values were lowest for the top cores from Saline Lake and another near-mining operations lake, referred to as WF1. A ToxChip polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was used to evaluate gene expression changes across 43 target genes associated with numerous toxicological pathways following exposure to top and bottom sediment core extracts. The 2 study sites with the greatest ∑PAC concentrations (Saline Lake and WF1) had the highest gene expression alterations on the ToxChip PCR array (19 [top] and 17 [bottom]/43), compared with a reference site (13 [top] and 7 [bottom]/43). The avian in vitro bioassay was useful for identifying the toxicity of complex PAC extracts associated with variably contaminated sediment cores, supporting its potential use for hotspot identification and complex mixture screening. EnvironToxicol Chem 2021;40:1881–1891. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Preparation of sediment core extracts from 3 lakes with varying proximity to oilsands activities at 2 discrete depths for administration to chicken hepatocytes and determination of effects on ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase induction and gene expression. EROD = ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase; PCR = polymerase chain reaction.
Identification of bitter‐taste compounds in class‐III caramel colours
Authors: Li He , Zhang Wen‐Chao , Tang Xiang‐Yi , Wu Chun‐Jian , Yu Shu‐Juan , Zhao Zi‐Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCaramel colours become one of the most widely used colorings in various foods and beverages due to their total miscibility with water and great coloring properties by containing colloidal aggregates. Bitterness in caramel colours can negatively influence their acceptability. The sequential solvent extraction (SSE) and semi‐preparative liquid chromatography (SP‐LC) combined with the taste dilution analysis were applied to identify the most intense bitter‐tasting compounds in class‐III caramel colours. Four main compounds with the highest bitterness intensity were isolated and structurally elucidated based on high resolution‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrum (HR‐ESI‐MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography‐mass spectrum (GC‐MS): 2,3‐dihydro‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4(H)‐pyran‐4‐one (DDMP), 5‐(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF), furfural and 5‐methylfurfural (MF). The threshold concentrations of DDMP, HMF, furfural and MF were 14.3, 30.0, 4.4 and 17.5μmol L−1, respectively. Furthermore, two volatile bitter compounds were identified: [5‐(di‐methoxymethyl) furan‐2‐yl] methanol (DMFM) and 2,3,4,4‐tetramethyl‐pentane‐1,3‐diol (TMP). Based on the composition of the caramel colours and the structures of these compounds, Maillard reaction was supported to generate these bitter compounds in caramel colour‐III.
Early‐stage Parkinson's disease: Abnormal nigrosome 1 and 2 revealed by a voxelwise analysis of neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI
Authors: Sung Young Hee , Noh Young , Kim Eung Yeop 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious pathologic studies evaluated the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of a limited number of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients with relatively longer disease durations. Therefore, it remains unknown which region of the SNpc is most significantly affected in early‐stage IPD. We hypothesized that a voxelwise analysis of thin‐section neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI (NM‐MRI) may help determine the significantly affected regions of the SNpc in early‐stage IPD and localize these areas in each nigrosome on high‐spatial‐resolution susceptibility map‐weighted imaging (SMwI). Ninety‐six healthy subjects and 50 early‐stage IPD patients underwent both a 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.8 mm3 NM‐MRI and a 0.5 × 0.5 × 1.0 mm3 multi‐echo gradient‐recalled echo imaging for SMwI. Both NM‐MRI and SMwI templates were created by using image data from the 96 healthy subjects. Permutation‐based nonparametric tests were conducted to investigate spatial differences between the two groups in NM‐MRI, and the results were displayed on both NM‐MRI and SMwI templates. The posterolateral and anteromedial regions of the SNpc in NM‐MRI were significantly different between the two groups, corresponding to the nigrosome 1 and nigrosome 2 regions, respectively, on the SMwI template. There were the areas of significant spatial difference in the hypointense SN on SMwI between early‐stage IPD patients and healthy subjects. These areas on SMwI were slightly greater than those on NM‐MRI, including the areas showing group difference on NM‐MRI. Our voxelwise analysis of NM‐MRI suggests that two regions (nigrosome 1 and nigrosome 2) of the SNpc are separately affected in early‐stage IPD.
Correlation of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus status with the clinical and molecular profiles of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Patel Usha , Mittal Neha , Rane Swapnil U. , Patil Asawari , Gera Poonam , Kannan Sadhana , Joshi Amit , Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay M. , Prabhash Kumar , Mahimkar Manoj B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the molecular profiles of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phospho‐EGFR dimers, hypoxia markers, and cancer stem cell markers were evaluated.MethodsHPV‐status was confirmed using RNA‐ISH. Immunohistochemical data of biomarker expression levels were analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney U test. The clinical outcomes and biomarker expression in the HPV‐positive (n = 25), matched HPV‐negative (n = 49), and p16‐positive/HPV‐negative (n = 20) subgroups were comparatively analyzed.ResultsHPV was detected in 25 (5.8%) cases and was significantly associated with favorable outcomes. HPV‐positive tumors exhibited lower membrane expression of EGFR, pEGFRY1068, pEGFRY1173, CD44, CD44v6, and CD98hc than HPV‐negative and p16‐positive tumors. The expression of HIF1α, CA9, ALDH1A1, and SOX2 was not significantly associated with HPV‐status. The clinical outcomes and biomarker expression levels were similar between the HPV‐negative and p16‐positive HNSCC.ConclusionHPV‐positive HNSCC exhibited distinct molecular profile compared to HPV‐negative and p16‐positive HNSCC. The clinical and molecular profiles were similar between p16‐positive and HPV‐negative subgroups.
Using citizen science to engage the public in monitoring workplace breastfeeding support in Australia
Authors: Rowbotham Samantha , Marks Leah , Tawia Susan , Woolley Emma , Rooney Janelle , Kiggins Elissa , Healey Danielle , Wardle Karen , Campbell Vanessa , Bridges Nicole , Hawe Penelope 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIssue addressedReturning to work is a major barrier to continued breastfeeding. While many large organisations in Australia have policies to support breastfeeding and expressing at work, it is not known how these are implemented in practice, what support is available in smaller workplaces or to what extent workplace support meets the needs of breastfeeding mothers.MethodsThis pilot study trialled a citizen science approach where members of the public provided photographs and descriptions of breastfeeding facilities and support within their workplaces. The study was promoted through community networks and social media, and data were submitted via an online survey. Data were analysed inductively to identify key themes.ResultsThirty‐seven participants provided data on breastfeeding support in their workplace. Three key themes were identified: physical features and facilities; workplace culture; and organisational and occupational characteristics. There was considerable variation in workplace support and around half of the participants indicated that they had to use communal, poorly equipped and/or unhygienic spaces to breastfeed or express at work.ConclusionWhile some employers have taken important steps towards supporting mothers to combine breastfeeding and work, there is room for improvement. Through this pilot study, we have demonstrated the feasibility and value of using a citizen science approach to obtain data from a range of workplaces along with perceptions of workplace characteristics that support or hinder breastfeeding and expressing at work.So what?Citizen science is a useful approach to capturing data on workplace support for breastfeeding and could be scaled up to enable ongoing monitoring. The findings raise important issues around the interpretation and implementation of current legislation to support mothers in the workplace.
A cross‐sectional study on the prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities in multiple trauma patients in Hamedan, Iran
Authors: Rezaei Bareza , Ramazani Einaz , Amiri Rahimpour , Sanaei Zahra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionEvaluation of electrolyte status and homeostasis is one of the most important components of evaluation and treatment of critically ill patients, especially those with multiple trauma. Electrolyte imbalance can be associated with a bad prognosis and the need of specialized consultancy.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate and determine the electrolyte status of patients with multiple trauma and evaluate the relationship of electrolyte disorders with patient outcome.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 370 patients who were referred to the emergency department of Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran with multiple trauma were studied. Demographic parameters clinical characteristics such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, consciousness score and body temperature, paraclinical characteristics including radiographic status, ultrasound, and electrocardiography and serum levels of sodium, potassium, creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and BUN and urine analysis was performed. Data regarding the discharge from emergency department or referral to other units were also complete in a questionnaire for each patient. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSSv24.ResultsThree hundred seventy patients with multiple trauma were studied where 73% of patients were men and 27% were women. One hundred ninety‐six patients were discharged from the emergency department, and 174 patients were referred to other units of the hospital. The most common electrolyte abnormalities were hypotension (62.7%), hypernatremia (9.5%), hypokalemia (6.8%), and hypercreatinine (4.6%). The results of independent t‐test showed that heart rate and potassium level were significantly higher in patients referred to other units than in patients discharged from the emergency department and respiratory rate and hematocrit were significantly lower in patients referred to other units.ConclusionHypotension, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypercreatinine, and abnormal urine analysis were more frequent in patients referred to other units than in patients discharged from the emergency department. These variables can be considered in predicting patient status for referral to other units and delayed hospital discharge.
Thermal performance and energy saving investigation in a modified baseboard radiator and compare it with conventional heating systems—Experimental and CFD approach
Authors: Karimpour Rostam , Rahmati Ahmad Reza , Gheibi Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present work, thermal performance of a new modified baseboard radiator is investigated experimentally based on the European Standard EN‐442. Temperature distribution and thermal comfort conditions of the floor heating system and panel radiator is compared with the present system numerically. To validation of the simulation results, a comparison has been made between the simulation and the experimental obtained results. Comparison shows that there is a good agreement between them. The heat output rate of the new system increased about 46.06% compared with conventional baseboard radiant model and also the baseboard heating system is capable of providing better thermal comfort conditions than two other systems. Energy consumption in three systems is investigated experimentally by smart temperature control mechanism. Results show that energy consumption in the baseboard radiant is 83.03% and 55.96% lower than floor heating system and panel radiator, respectively.
Chronic restraint stress promotes the mobilization and recruitment of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells through β‐adrenergic‐activated CXCL5‐CXCR2‐Erk signaling cascades
Authors: Cao Mingyue , Huang Wei , Chen Yuzhu , Li Gaoxiang , Liu Nasi , Wu Youming , Wang Guiping , Li Qian , Kong Dexin , Xue Tongtong , Yang Nan , Liu Yanyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in tumor immune escape. Recent studies have shown that MDSCs contribute to tumor progression under psychological stress, but the underlying mechanism of MDSCs mobilization and recruitment remains largely unknown. In the present study, a chronic restraint stress paradigm was applied to the H22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) bearing mice to mimic the psychological stress. We observed that chronic restraint stress significantly promoted HCC growth, as well as the mobilization of MDSCs to spleen and tumor sites from bone marrow. Meanwhile, chronic restraint stress enhanced the expression of C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and pErk1/2 in bone marrow MDSCs, together with elevated chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5) expression in tumor tissues. In vitro, the treatments of MDSCs with epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) but not corticosterone (CORT)‐treated H22 conditioned medium obviously inhibited T‐cell proliferation, as well as enhanced CXCR2 expression and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) phosphorylation. In vivo, β‐adrenergic blockade with propranolol almost completely reversed the accelerated tumor growth induced by chronic restraint stress and inactivated CXCL5‐CXCR2‐Erk signaling pathway. Our findings support the crucial role of β‐adrenergic signaling cascade in the mobilization and recruitment of MDSCs under chronic restraint stress.
SLC6A15 acts as a tumor suppressor to inhibit migration and invasion in human papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Li Hai , Liang Weiwei , Guo Yan , Peng Miaoguan , Ke Wen , Xiao Haipeng , Guan Hongyu , Li Yanbing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolute Carrier Family 6 Member 15 (SLC6A15), a sodium‐dependent neutral amino acid transporter, has been found with dysregulated expression in several kinds of cancers. However, the expression pattern and the biological functions of SLC6A15 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remain unknown. In this study, we found that SLC6A15 was downregulated in PTC, which was related to N classification. Ectopic overexpression of SLC6A15 impaired migratory and invasive abilities of PTC cell in vitro. In addition, we identified intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, a vital oncogene in thyroid cancer progression, was involved in the effects of SLC6A15 on PTC cell. These results indicate that SLC6A15 acts as a tumor suppressor and might be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of PTC.