bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of a zoo environment on free‐living, native small mammal species
Authors: Elwell Emily , Leeson Christopher , Vaglio Stefano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the main threats to native species conservation is urbanisation. It is causing changes to natural habitats and species composition. Urban green spaces have shown to have conservation value for native species by providing safe spaces in urban areas. They typically contain a variety of habitats and plant species which is correlated with greater abundance and diversity of small mammal species. Zoos are a vital resource for animal conservation and, in some instances, could be considered as an urban green space for native species conservation. Their unique environment provides free‐living, native species an abundance of resources including food and shelter. This project involved the live trapping of free‐living small mammal species (<40 g) between enclosures in Dudley Zoological Gardens to study the effects of the zoo environment. There were no significant differences found between the total number of captures and trap proximity to enclosures. There was a significant difference in total captures found between different enclosure trapping areas. Generalized linear mixed models were fitted to the data and there were significant relationships between abundance and both habitat type and enclosure species. Habitats associated with semi‐natural woodland had the greatest diversity and total captures of small mammals. Total captures were lower in trapping areas that were associated with predatory species. Similar to research on green spaces, habitat was an important factor determining abundance, but predator enclosures were a factor unique to zoos. This study illustrates the potential of zoos as an urban green space and for the study of small mammals.
Climate Change Adaptation Mechanism for Sustainable Development Goal 1 in Nigeria: Legal Imperative
Authors: Orie Erimma Gloria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite international efforts on poverty reduction in the last decade, poverty is rampant in many countries including Nigeria. Poverty remains a principal challenge for development in twenty-first century and a threat to achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1, which is a global attempt, among others, to end poverty by 2030. Meanwhile, 13 out of the 15 countries where extreme poverty is rising are in Africa. According to the World Poverty Clock, Nigeria, by 2018, had the largest extreme poverty population of 86.9 million, thus making the people vulnerable to malnutrition, armed conflict, migration, and other socioeconomic and environmental shocks. Whereas these impacts are exacerbated by climate change (CC), unfortunately, Nigeria’s adaptation efforts are inadequate due to certain impediments. The chapter finds that Nigeria lacks the CC law to properly regulate institutional and policy interventions to impacts of CC. It argues that although adaptation as opposed to mitigation is interim, yet integrating adaptation measures into Sustainable Development (SD) framework and poverty reduction strategies is a potent means of addressing CC impacts on the poor and achieve SDG1 target. The chapter therefore recommends the establishment of CC law in Nigeria that incorporates adaptation measures in poverty reduction strategies and mainstreaming of CC issues.
Theoretical Foundations of the Relationship Management Mid-Range Theory
Authors: Deszczyński Bartosz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this chapter the domain of relationship management (RM) is discussed and the notion of the RM mid-range theory is introduced. The first section highlights the socio-economic duality of RM and presents the core characteristics of the RM business model. The diversity of partly overlapping relational constructs is commented on, and a uniform semantic programme for RM is proposed that links the notion of relationship capital and three RM dimensions: structural, psychological and behavioral. In the second section, the role of mid-range theories in linking macro and micro theoretical levels is presented. The theoretical boundaries (the content) of the envisioned RM mid-range theory are outlined, which link the RM business model, the key relational activities and approaches, and business performance. A hypothetical system of theories for competitive advantage is drafted, where the general theory level is occupied by the Resource-Advantage Theory of Competition followed by the upper mid-range theory level; where the RM mid-range theory is placed, completed by the specific market type mid-range theory level; and where network-based and market-based relational theories are positioned.
Validating the Relationship Management Maturity Concept
Authors: Deszczyński Bartosz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter operationalizes and tests the preliminary proposal of the RM maturity model in field research. The first section discusses the design of the 40-question questionnaire, which aims to verify the links between RM maturity and sustainable competitive advantage. Different classes of research biases are addressed on a semantic level, and a scoring method based on the Net Promoter Score methodology is introduced. The second section presents the analytical strategy and the design of the empirical test, encompassing the self-reporting of business respondents and machine learning analytical techniques. The product of this analysis is a set of association rules, which separate a ‘basket’ of 10 critical RM activities and approaches linked by 16 rules, typically in a reciprocal way. The third section comments on the detailed empirical results on RM maturity and sustainable competitive advantage, which are found to be much in line with business ethics. The hallmark of an ethical RM-mature firm is open internal vertical and horizontal communication, which enables the company to be a meaningful partner in the relationships with its customers and other stakeholders.
Einleitung
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: Die vorliegende Einleitung dient dazu, einen generellen Überblick über die Intentionen der Konzeptualisierung eines Instruments zur sprachlichen Veränderung von mathematischen Textaufgaben und über die Strukturen dieser Arbeit zu geben. Theoretische und empirische Befunde zur Rolle von Sprache im Mathematikunterricht motivierten das Ziel der Forschung, ein Instrument zu entwickeln, das die sprachlichen Merkmale in einer mathematischen Textaufgabe verändern kann und damit einen Ansatzpunkt bietet, Anpassungen von mathematischen Textaufgaben zu liefern (Kapitel 1.1). Im Hinblick auf die Einordnung der bereits in der Literatur bestätigten Erkenntnisse von Sprache als Lernvoraussetzung und -hindernis sowie der Möglichkeiten der sprachlichen Anpassung ergeben sich für die Arbeit das Untersuchungsziel eines Instruments zur sprachlichen Veränderung von Textaufgaben (Kapitel 1.2).
Ausblick und mögliche Anschlussfragen
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: Die Ergebnisse der Entwicklung des Instruments lassen sich für zukünftige Anschlussfragestellungen weiterentwickeln. Das betrifft Möglichkeiten der Weiterentwicklung des Instruments besonders aufgrund gewisser limitierender Aspekte der zweiten quantitativen Analyse (Abschnitt 11.1). Außerdem lassen sich für das Instrument Ableitungen bezüglich des Einsatzes sowohl in Leistungs- als auch in Lernsituationen treffen (Abschnitt 11.2).
Zusammenhang zwischen Sprache und Mathematik
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: Sprache ist für mathematische Lehr- und Lernprozesse relevant, sowohl in Bezug auf sprachlich-kommunikative als auch auf inhaltliche Aspekte. Die Bedeutung, die Sprache für den Mathematikunterricht in den letzten Jahren dazugewonnen hat, ist anhand von internationalen Vergleichs- und Folgestudien zu erklären (Abschnitt 2.1). Anhand dieser Arbeiten sind die sprachlichen Voraussetzungen von Lernenden unter der Perspektive von heterogenen Lerngruppen ein substanzieller Gesichtspunkt, der im Mathematikunterricht mitgedacht werden muss (Abschnitt 2.2).
Zweite quantitative Studie
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer zweite quantitative Teil der Arbeit basiert auf den in Kapitel 7 extrahierten Faktoren. In Abschnitt 6.1 wurden die Zielvoraussetzungen der Ermittlung des Effektes der Faktoren auf die Schwierigkeit von Testaufgaben für das Instrument zur sprachlichen Variation von Textaufgaben formuliert. Die Ermittlung des Effektes der Faktoren auf die Schwierigkeit von Testaufgaben ist bedeutsam, um Kenntnisse darüber zu erlangen, welche praktischen Implikationen sich für Anpassungsstrategien von mathematischen Textaufgaben ergeben.
Qualitative Vertiefungsanalyse
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie dritte Teilstudie der Arbeit ist eine qualitative Vertiefungsanalyse. In Kapitel 3 und Kapitel 4 wurde die Relevanz von sprachlichen und kontextuellen Veränderungen geschildert. Aus diesem Grund ist es das Ziel der qualitativen Vertiefungsanalyse, fachliche und kontextuelle Merkmale von Textaufgaben in Beziehung mit den in Kapitel 7 extrahierten sprachlichen Faktoren zu bringen.
Complexity and momentum
Authors: Susskind Leonard , Zhao Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Previous work has explored the connections between three concepts — operator size, complexity, and the bulk radial momentum of an infalling object — in the context of JT gravity and the SYK model. In this paper we investigate the higher dimensional generalizations of these connections. We use a toy model to study the growth of an operator when perturbing the vacuum of a CFT. From circuit analysis we relate the operator growth to the rate of increase of complexity and check it by complexity-volume duality. We further give an empirical formula relating complexity and the bulk radial momentum that works from the time that the perturbation just comes in from the cutoff boundary, to after the scrambling time.
Differenzialdiagnosen des entzündlichen Hüftgelenks
Authors: Weidekamm Claudia , Teh James 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Differenzialdiagnosen der entzündlichen Hüfterkrankung spielen für die Diagnose des Hüftschmerzes eine bedeutende Rolle. Die rheumatologischen/entzündlichen Veränderungen des Hüftschmerzes mit dem entsprechenden Einsatz der Bildgebung wurden in Teil 1 des CME-Artikels abgehandelt. In diesem zweiten Teil wird ein systematischer Zugang erläutert, um die zahlreichen rheumatologischen Erkrankungen von Degenerationen, synovialen Tumoren und Infektionen zu unterscheiden. Die Interpretation der Pathologien in der Bildgebung im Zusammenhang mit dem klinischen Erscheinungsbild wird für die einzelnen Differenzialdiagnosen genauer erläutert. Das zeitgleiche Auftreten von unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen, zum Teil als sekundäre Komplikation, hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Therapieplanung und sollte vom Radiologen erkannt werden.
Genomic prediction models trained with historical records enable populating the German ex situ genebank bio-digital resource center of barley (Hordeum sp.) with information on resistances to soilborne barley mosaic viruses
Authors: Gonzalez Maria Y. , Zhao Yusheng , Jiang Yong , Stein Nils , Habekuss Antje , Reif Jochen C. , Schulthess Albert W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Key message
Genomic prediction with special weight of major genes is a valuable tool to populate bio-digital resource centers.

Abstract
Phenotypic information of crop genetic resources is a prerequisite for an informed selection that aims to broaden the genetic base of the elite breeding pools. We investigated the potential of genomic prediction based on historical screening data of plant responses against the Barley yellow mosaic viruses for populating the bio-digital resource center of barley. Our study includes dense marker data for 3838 accessions of winter barley, and historical screening data of 1751 accessions for Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and of 1771 accessions for Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Linear mixed models were fitted by considering combinations for the effects of genotypes, years, and locations. The best linear unbiased estimations displayed a broad spectrum of plant responses against BaYMV and BaMMV. Prediction abilities, computed as correlations between predictions and observed phenotypes of accessions, were low for the marker-assisted selection approach amounting to 0.42. In contrast, prediction abilities of genomic best linear unbiased predictions were high, with values of 0.62 for BaYMV and 0.64 for BaMMV. Prediction abilities of genomic prediction were improved by up to ~ 5% using W-BLUP, in which more weight is given to markers with significant major effects found by association mapping. Our results outline the utility of historical screening data and W-BLUP model to predict the performance of the non-phenotyped individuals in genebank collections. The presented strategy can be considered as part of the different approaches used in genebank genomics to valorize genetic resources for their usage in disease resistance breeding and research.
Research, education and capacity building priorities for violence, abuse and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: an international qualitative survey
Authors: Keynejad Roxanne C. , Bentley Abigail , Bhatia Urvita , Nalwadda Oliva , Mekonnen Fikru Debebe , Ali Parveen A. , McGarry Julie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite the World Health Organization and United Nations recognising violence, abuse and mental health as public health priorities, their intersection is under-studied in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). International violence, abuse and mental health network (iVAMHN) members recognised the need to identify barriers and priorities to develop this field.

Methods
Informed by collaborative discussion between iVAMHN members, we conducted a pilot study using an online survey to identify research, education and capacity building priorities for violence, abuse and mental health in LMICs. We analysed free-text responses using thematic analysis.

Results
35 senior (29%) and junior researchers (29%), non-government or voluntary sector staff (18%), health workers (11%), students (11%) and administrators (3%) completed the survey. Respondents worked in 24 LMICs, with 20% working in more than one country. Seventy-four percent of respondents worked in sub-Saharan Africa, 37% in Asia and smaller proportions in Latin America, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Respondents described training, human resource, funding and sensitivity-related barriers to researching violence, abuse and mental health in LMICs and recommended a range of actions to build capacity, streamline research pathways, increase efficiency and foster collaborations and co-production.

Conclusion
The intersection between violence, abuse and mental health in LMICs is a priority for individuals with a range of expertise across health, social care and the voluntary sector. There is interest in and support for building a strong network of parties engaged in research, service evaluation, training and education in this field. Networks like iVAMHN can act as hubs, bringing together diverse stakeholders for collaboration, co-production and mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and skills.
Early life mental health and problematic drinking in mid-adulthood: evidence from two British birth cohorts
Authors: Ning Ke , Patalay Praveetha , L. Maggs Jennifer , Ploubidis George B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Accumulating evidence suggests that externalising problems are consistently associated with alcohol use behaviours, but findings are inconsistent regarding the role of internalising problems. We investigate whether externalising and internalising problems are associated with problematic drinking in mid-adulthood, and whether potential associations are modified by age, sex and cohort.

Methods
The National Child Development Study (NCDS58, n = 17,633) and 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70, n = 17,568) recruited new-borns in Great Britain in a single week in 1958 and 1970. Mental health was assessed with the Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire at ages 7, 11, and 16 in NCDS58 and ages 5, 10 and 16 in BCS70. Problematic drinking was measured with the CAGE questionnaire at age 33 in NCDS58 and age 34 in BCS70, and the AUDIT scale at age 44/45 in NCDS58 and age 46 in BCS70. Latent scores of externalising and internalising problems were added chronologically into lagged logistic regression models.

Results
Externalising and internalising problems were associated in opposite directions with problematic drinking in mid-adulthood. Externalising was a risk factor (OR [95% CI] ranging from 1.06 [1.03, 1.10] to 1.11 [1.07, 1.15] for different ages), and internalising was a protective factor (OR [95% CI] ranging from 0.95 [0.92, 0.99] to 0.90 [0.86, 0.94] for different ages). Associations between early life mental health and mid-adulthood problematic drinking did not differ by developmental timing but were stronger in males.

Conclusion
Our study provides new insights on links of externalising and internalising difficulties with alcohol use and has implications for public policy in the UK.
A broadband VLBI system using transportable stations for geodesy and metrology: an alternative approach to the VGOS concept
Authors: Sekido Mamoru , Takefuji Kazuhiro , Ujihara Hideki , Kondo Tetsuro , Tsutsumi Masanori , Kawai Eiji , Hachisu Hidekazu , Nemitz Nils , Pizzocaro Marco , Clivati Cecilia , Perini Federico , Negusini Monia , Maccaferri Giuseppe , Ricci Roberto , Roma Mauro , Bortolotti Claudio , Namba Kunitaka , Komuro Jun’ichi , Ichikawa Ryuichi , Suzuyama Tomonari , Watabe Ken-ichi , Leute Julia , Petit Gérard , Calonico Davide , Ido Tetsuya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have developed a broadband VLBI (very long baseline interferometry) system inspired by the concept of the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). The new broadband VLBI system was implemented in the Kashima 34 m antenna and in two transportable stations utilizing 2.4 m diameter antennas. The transportable stations have been developed as a tool for intercontinental frequency comparison but are equally useful for geodesy. To enable practical use of such small VLBI stations in intercontinental VLBI, we have developed the procedure of node-hub style VLBI: In joint observation with a large, high sensitivity ‘hub’ antenna, the closure delay relation provides a virtual delay observable between ‘node’ stations. This overcomes the limited sensitivity of the small diameter node antennas, while error sources associated with large diameter antennas, such as gravitational deformation and delay changes in necessarily long signal cables, are eliminated. We show that this scheme does not result in an increased sensitivity to radio source structure if one side of the baseline triangle is kept short. We have performed VLBI experiments utilizing this approach over both short range and intercontinental distance. This article describes the system components, signal processing procedure, experiment, and results in terms of baseline repeatability. Our measurements reveal signatures of structure effects in the correlation amplitude of several of the observed radio sources. We present a model of the frequency-dependent source size for 1928+738 derived from correlation amplitude data observed in four frequency bands.
HPLC-MS/MS method applied to an untargeted metabolomics approach for the diagnosis of “olive quick decline syndrome”
Authors: Di Masi Sabrina , De Benedetto Giuseppe E. , Malitesta Cosimino , Saponari Maria , Citti Cinzia , Cannazza Giuseppe , Ciccarella Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOlive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a disorder associated with bacterial infections caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 in olive trees. Metabolic profile changes occurring in infected olive trees are still poorly investigated, but have the potential to unravel reliable biomarkers to be exploited for early diagnosis of infections. In this study, an untargeted metabolomic method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) was used to detect differences in samples (leaves) from healthy (Ctrl) and infected (Xf) olive trees. Both unsupervised and supervised data analysis clearly differentiated the groups. Different metabolites have been identified as potential specific biomarkers, and their characterization strongly suggests that metabolism of flavonoids and long-chain fatty acids is perturbed in Xf samples. In particular, a decrease in the defence capabilities of the host after Xf infection is proposed because of a significant dysregulation of some metabolites belonging to flavonoid family. Moreover, oleic acid is confirmed as a putative diffusible signal factor (DSF). This study provides new insights into the host-pathogen interactions and confirms LC-HRMS-based metabolomics as a powerful approach for disease-associated biomarkers discovery in plants.
Graphical abstract
Selected nutrients determining the quality of different cuts of organic and conventional pork
Authors: Wójciak Karolina M. , Halagarda Michał , Sascha Rohn  , Kęska Paulina , Latoch Agnieszka , Stadnik Joanna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic meat products are gaining consumer interest worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic and conventional meat origin on nutritional determinants of the following pork meat cuts: loin, ham, and shoulder. Nutritional value of meat was based on selected indicators such as proximate composition, the concentration of cholesterol, vitamin E content and minerals and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, and zinc, and the composition of fatty acids. The results of this study demonstrated that higher contents of protein and selected mineral compounds, as well as lower vitamin E concentration and different fatty acids (i.e., C12:0, C17:0, C17:1 n-7, C18:3 n-6, C24:0 and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) distinguish organic pork meat cuts from the conventional counterparts. The organically meat parts, especially the shoulder, were identified as a better source of copper, calcium, iron and zinc, while organic ham and loin had more potassium. On the other hand, organic hams were shown to have lower content of vitamin E in comparison to their conventional equivalents present. Also, in organic shoulders showed a higher n-6/n-3 ratio compared to meat of conventional origin.
How Should We Treat Pancreatic Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma? A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hirashita Teijiro , Iwashita Yukio , Endo Yuichi , Fujinaga Atsuro , Shin Toshitaka , Mimata Hiromitsu , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment strategy for pancreatic metastasis (PM) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear due to its rarity. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of surgery for PM from RCC.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and the Cochrane Library. The effectiveness of surgery for PM was evaluated based on the primary outcome of overall survival (OS), which was investigated in relation to surgical procedures and metastatic sites via subgroup analyses.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the rate of 2‐year OS between the surgery and control group (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.14–1.26, P = 0.12). However, the rate of 5‐year OS was significantly higher in the surgery group than the control group (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.93, P = 0.03). The rates of the complications and OS were not significantly different between radical and conservative pancreatectomies. The rate of 5‐year OS of the patients with PM was higher than that with other metastases (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20–0.74, P = 0.004).ConclusionSurgical resection for PM from RCC is associated with good prognosis. Limited surgery may be a useful option depending on the location of the lesion.