bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF RENAL TUMOR RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY
Authors: Martínez Izquierdo G , Arnaiz Pérez A R , Escolano Fernández E , Merayo Álvarez M , Carrasco Aguilera B , Ibero Casadiego P , Rodicio Miravalles J L , Molina Escudero R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 3% of overall malignant neoplasms in adults. However, its aetiology has not been clearly established. Although surgery represents the cornerstone in treatment, recurrence postoperative rates are around 20-30%, what implies prognostic factors search must be mandatory in order to help to plan de follow-up and the different adjuvant therapy possibilities available in case they were necessary.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective observational study was carried out in 110 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy between 2004 and 2018, with the aim of identifying possible prognostic factors of recurrence of RCC after these surgeries. Preoperative data (epidemiological, comorbidities and laboratory tests), surgical, pathological and variables related to follow-up were taken into account. A univariate and multivariate analysis were performed, using chi-square test and logistic regression, respectively.

RESULTS
The median follow-up time was 53.5 months (SD = 35.8), time in which 19 patients had a recurrence of RCC after radical nephrectomy (17.2%). Histopathological items such as the surgical piece size, the nodal and microvascular invasion, the renal sinus invasion and the presence of necrosis in the surgical piece were associated with RCC recurrence in the univariate analysis, while only the presence of necrosis in the surgical piece showed a significant result in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS
Histopathological analysis, highlighting the presence of necrosis in the histological sample, was proved to be the main risk factor of RCC recurrence.
3D PLANNING IN ORTHOPAEDICS: AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR COMPLEX SURGERY
Authors: García Arias A , Piñera Parrilla Á R , Suárez-Anta Rodríguez P J , Camblor Valladares A , Meneses Gutiérrez A , Cabria Fernández J , Lanuza Lagunilla L , Mateo Negreira J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
In orthopedic surgery, the appearance of three-dimensional digital reconstructions represented a clear before and after in the planning of highly complex surgeries. However, these reconstructions only allow to improve the visualization of the lesion. In recent years, new techniques have been incorporated, such as 3D printing of bone reconstructions, improving the understanding of the anatomy of each patient, allowing the simulation of possible treatments, and even their intraoperative manipulation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A 3D impression was made in surgical resin of a reconstruction of a CT of the cervico-thoracic spine, with a metastatic lesion in T2, in order to study the possible viability of an en-bloc vertebrectomy and the simulation of pedicle paths.

RESULTS
The feasibility of vertebrectomy was verified thanks to a better estimation of the available window size. Simulations were performed in the cervical pedicle paths, obtaining the best possible orientation according to the anatomy. Manipulation of the model in the surgical field allowed an in situ comparison with the exposed area, and optimized the result.

CONCLUSIONS
Planning and 3D printing in Orthopaedics is an indispensable tool when performing complex surgery. It allows to improve the understanding of the particular anatomy of each patient and simulate different treatments to obtain the best possible result.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC FRACTURES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Meneses Gutiérrez A , Lanuza Lagunilla L , Suárez-Anta Rodríguez P J , Camblor Valladares Á , García Arias A , Cabria Fernández J , García Cuello L , Mateo Negreira J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
In Spain, the state of alarm, decreed by the COVID-19 pandemic, forced a home confinement that included the suspension of school activity. Our purpose is to examine how it affected the epidemiology of pediatric fractures in a tertiary hospital.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective cohort study comparing the epidemiology and management of pediatric fractures in our centre during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the previous year. The "pandemic" cohort includes patients seen during this state of alarm (03/14/2020 to 06/21/20); and the "pre-pandemic" cohort the same period of 2019.

RESULTS
Between both periods, 233 pediatric patients were treated for 258 fractures. There were no significant changes in their age or sex. The incidence of fractures was decreased by 66%. Despite this decrease, the percentage of fractures that required surgical intervention doubled. The time until the evaluation in the emergency room was also modified, with a higher proportion of patients seen more than 24 hours after the trauma. Regarding the anatomical locations, a reduction in bicortical fractures stands out, in contrast to greenstick fractures and epiphysiolysis.

CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the epidemiology of pediatric fractures. There was a reduction in the incidence of fractures and a delay in hospital care, probably due to fear of going to the hospital due to the risk of contagion. Home confinement may justify the lower proportion of high-energy distal radius fractures, such as bicortical fractures.
INITIAL STUDY OF THE SELECTION OF THE TYPE OF INCISION FOR THE SPECIMEN EXTRACTION AFTER A LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHRECTOMY: PFANNENSTIEL INCISION
Authors: Suárez Sal P J , Fernández-Pello Montes S , Rúger Jiménez L , Salgado Plonski J J , Alonso Calvar L , Rodríguez Villamil L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
The transverse hypogastric Pfannenstiel incision is one of the possibilities for specimen extraction after a laparoscopic nephrectomy. Its advantages include low morbidity and a favorable cosmetic result.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective and comparative observational study of 105 patients who underwent nephrectomy in our center. Group 1: renal extraction through Pfannenstiel incision. Group 2: renal extraction using other techniques. The presence of infection, incisional hernia and pain (visual analogue scale-VAS) was evaluated in each patient. Additionally, a telephone survey was conducted on the cosmetic results.

RESULTS
105 patients: 68 group 1 (Pfannenstiel incision) and 37 group 2 (other incisions).
The median size of the nephrectomy specimen was 14 cm (group 1 15cm, group 2 13cm).
27 patients (26%) had pain in the area of the hypogastric incision in the early postoperative period with a median on the VAS scale of 4 (16 group 1 vs 11 group 2).
3 patients (2.8%) presented incisional hernia (0 group 1 vs 3 group 2).
3 patients presented wound infection (0 group 1 vs 3 group 2).
70% of the patients in group 1 (48/68) answered the survey on cosmetic satisfaction: 93% were satisfied with the scar and its location. 49% of the patients in group 2 (18/37) answered the survey on cosmetic satisfaction: 83% were satisfied with the scar and its location.

CONCLUSIONS
The Pfannenstiel incision is a valid and safe alternative for laparoscopic nephrectomy specimen extraction with a favorable complication and cosmetic profile compared to other common techniques for nephrectomy specimen extraction.
POTENTIAL OF EXTRACELLULAR MICROVESICLES AS NEW COLORECTAL CANCER BIOMARKER
Authors: García-Santos G , Serrano Pertierra E , Fernández Hevia M , Duque Alcorta J M , Sánchez Domínguez L , Blanco López M C , García Flórez L J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death and the fourth cancer with the highest incidence in the world; early detection is a key factor for patient´s prognosis. Microvesicles (MVs) are subcellular structures delimited by lipid bilayer intimately involved in physiopathological processes such as cancer. Our objective is to study the potential of microvesicles as new biomarkers in CRC.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Blood was prospectively collected from 300 patients recruited during diagnostic colonoscopy. They were classified into control (no pathological findings), adenoma, high-grade adenoma or carcinoma groups. Microvesicles were isolated from patients serum and a selected cohort of samples was used for MVs characterization and the CD174 surface antigen detection by lateral flow immunoassay (LFI).

RESULTS
Mean age of the patients was 62.79 (SD 7.662), being 90% asymptomatic at the time of recruitment. The mean size of isolated microparticles was similar in all groups, although larger variability was observed in carcinoma group. MVs concentration is considerably lower in high-grade adenoma and CRC compared to control group. CRC associated surface antigen CD147 can be consistently detected on the surface of microvesicles by lateral flow immunoassay technique

CONCLUSION
The preliminary results of this project show that it is possible use MVs as diagnostic / prognostic markers. Likewise, is feasible the develop of rapid tests using IFL technology that could be used to complement and/or replace current detection techniques.
Classification differentiates clinical and neuroanatomic features of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Chou Kun-Hsien , Lee Pei-Lin , Peng Li-Ning , Lee Wei-Ju , Wang Pei-Ning , Chen Liang-Kung , Lin Ching-Po , Chung Chih-Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Age-related cerebral small vessel disease involves heterogeneous pathogenesis, such as arteriosclerosis/lipohyalinosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. MRI can visualize the brain lesions attributable to small vessel disease pathologies, including white-matter hyperintensities, lacune and cerebral microbleeds. However, these MRI markers usually coexist in small vessel disease of different aetiologies. Currently, there is no available classification integrating these neuroimaging markers for differentiating clinical and neuroanatomic features of small vessel disease yet. In this study, we tested whether our proposed stratification scheme could characterize specific clinical, neuroanatomic and potentially pathogenesis/aetiologies in classified small vessel disease subtypes. Cross-sectional analyses from a community-based non-demented non-stroke cohort consisting of ≥50 years old individuals were conducted. All participants were scanned 3T brain MRI for small vessel disease detection and neuroanatomic measurements and underwent physical and cognitive assessments. Study population were classified into robust and four small vessel disease groups based on imaging markers indicating (i) bleeding or non-bleeding; (ii) specific location of cerebral microbleeds; and (iii) the severity and combination of white-matter hyperintensities and lacune. We used whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses and tract-based spatial statistics to evaluate the regional grey-matter volume and white-matter microstructure integrity for comparisons among groups. Among the 735 participants with eligible brain MRI images, quality screening qualified 670 for grey-matter volume analyses and 617 for white-matter microstructural analyses. Common and distinct patterns of the clinical and neuroimaging manifestations were found in the stratified four small vessel disease subgroups. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that small vessel disease type 4 had features distinct from the small vessel disease types 1, 2 and 3. Abnormal white-matter microstructures and cognitive function but preserved physical function and grey-matter volume were found in small vessel disease type 4. Among small vessel disease types 1, 2 and 3, there were similar characteristics but different severity; the clinical features showed both physical frail and cognitive impairment and the neuroanatomic features revealed frontal–subcortical white-matter microstructures and remote, diffuse cortical abnormalities. This novel stratification scheme highlights the distinct clinical and neuroanatomic features of small vessel disease and the possible underlying pathogenesis. It could have potential application in research and clinical settings.
Vedolizumab Is Safe in Elderly Veteran Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Leung Kenneth , Jackson Christian S , Hammami Muhammad Bader 
Published: May 2021

Lay Summary
Many medications used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can increase the risk of infection and cancer, particularly in elderly patients. This study found that vedolizumab, a targeted therapy, was effective and safe in elderly patients with IBD.
False Belief Understanding in Deaf Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Pluta Agnieszka , Krysztofiak Magdalena , Zgoda Małgorzata , Wysocka Joanna , Golec Karolina , Wójcik Joanna , Włodarczyk Elżbieta , Haman Maciej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTheory of mind (ToM) is crucial for social interactions. Previous research has indicated that deaf and hard-of-hearing children born into hearing families (DoH) are at risk of delayed ToM development. However, it is unclear whether this is the case for DoH children who receive cochlear implants (CIs) before and around the second year of life. The present study aimed to investigate false belief understanding (FBU) in DoH children with CIs. The relationships between false belief task (FBT) performance, sentence comprehension, age at implantation, duration of CI use, and Speech Recognition Threshold were explored. A total of 94 children with typical levels of hearing (TH) and 45 DoH children (age range: 3–8), who received their first CI between 6 and 27 months of age, were tested on the FBT and a sentence comprehension test. Results showed that 4- and 5-year-old children with CIs performed significantly worse than their peers with TH on the FBT; 6- to 8-year-old children with CIs performed similarly to age-matched children with TH. Age at implantation and duration of CI use were correlated with sentence comprehension but not with the FBT. The results indicated that FBU was delayed until the age of 6 years in most of children with CIs.
Differential DNA methylation in somatic and sperm cells of hatchery vs wild (natural-origin) steelhead trout populations
Authors: Nilsson Eric , Sadler-Riggleman Ingrid , Beck Daniel , Skinner Michael K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Environmental factors such as nutrition, stress, and toxicants can influence epigenetic programming and phenotypes of a wide variety of species from plants to humans. The current study was designed to investigate the impacts of hatchery spawning and rearing on steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) vs the wild fish on a molecular level. Additionally, epigenetic differences between feeding practices that allow slow growth (2 years) and fast growth (1 year) hatchery trout were investigated. The sperm and red blood cells (RBC) from adult male slow growth/maturation hatchery steelhead, fast growth/maturation hatchery steelhead, and wild (natural-origin) steelhead were collected for DNA preparation to investigate potential alterations in differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) and genetic mutations, involving copy number variations (CNVs). The sperm and RBC DNA both had a large number of DMRs when comparing the hatchery vs wild steelhead trout populations. The DMRs were cell type specific with negligible overlap. Slow growth/maturation compared to fast growth/maturation steelhead also had a larger number of DMRs in the RBC samples. A number of the DMRs had associated genes that were correlated to various biological processes and pathologies. Observations demonstrate a major epigenetic programming difference between the hatchery and wild natural-origin fish populations, but negligible genetic differences. Therefore, hatchery conditions and growth/maturation rate can alter the epigenetic developmental programming of the steelhead trout. Interestingly, epigenetic alterations in the sperm allow for potential epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic variation to future generations. The impacts of hatchery exposures are not only important to consider on the fish exposed, but also on future generations and evolutionary trajectory of fish in the river populations.
Using endogenous pigments to recolour roasted green tea
Authors: Zhu Hongkai , Zhang Jianqiang , Liu Fei , Chen Lin , Ye Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Roasted green tea exhibits undesirable dark green that can seriously affect sensory quality, market price, and consumer acceptance. The aim of this work was to propose a method of improving the appearance of the roasted green tea. In this study, rehydration with freeze-drying (RFD) was used to recolour the tea leaves by redistributing the endogenous pigments. The results indicated that the colour of the roasted green tea changed from dark green to bright green after the RFD treatment, the values of L* and b* were significantly increased (P&lt;0.05), and the value of a* was significantly decreased (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the RFD treatment making the yellow–green pigments transfer onto the surface of the tea leaves also induced a change in pigment contents, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, and flavonoid glycosides. The well-defined optimum parameters for the rehydration process were moisture content of tea leaves at 35 per cent, water temperature 25 °C, and a standing time of 1.5 h.
Low-temperature combined with high-humidity thawing improves the water-holding capacity and biochemical properties of Portunus trituberculatus protein
Authors: Ling Jiangang , Xuan Xiaoting , Xu Zihan , Ding Tian , Lin Xudong , Cui Yan , Liu Donghong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study compared the effects of conventional thawing methods (water immersion thawing (WIT, (25±1) °C), natural air thawing (AT, (25±1) °C, relative humidity (RH) (65±2) per cent), refrigerator thawing (RT, 4 °C, RH (80±2) per cent) and low-temperature (LT) combined with high-humidity thawing (LT, –1 °C to 1 °C (LT–1–1), 2–4 °C (LT2–4), 5–7 °C (LT5–7) and 8–10 °C (LT8–10), RH≥95 per cent) on the water-holding capacity, lipid oxidation and biochemical properties of Portunus trituberculatus (P. trituberculatus) myofibrillar protein. The results showed that WIT and AT significantly decreased the water-holding capacity while dramatically increasing lipid oxidation, protein oxidation and degeneration, resulting in serious P. trituberculatus quality deterioration. High humidity was beneficial for P. trituberculatus thawing. The thawing time of P. trituberculatus under the conditions of LT2–4 was only 39.39 per cent of that of conventional air thawing at 4 °C (RT), and the LT2–4 samples not only maintained better water-holding capacity but also had an obviously reduced degree of lipid oxidation, protein oxidation and denaturation. Thawed samples LT2–4 and LT5–7 provided better maintenance of P. trituberculatus quality than the LT–1–1 and LT8–10 samples. The best quality was exhibited after thawing at 2–4 °C. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, carbonyl content and surface hydrophobicity observably decreased in these samples, while the total sulfhydryl contents dramatically increased compared to those of conventionally thawed samples, indicating lower lipid oxidation and protein oxidation. Moreover, the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the sample thawed at 2–4 °C (2.06 μmol Pi/mg prot/h) was markedly higher than that of samples subjected to WIT and AT. The product qualities observed after thawing at –1 °C to 1 °C, 5–7 °C and 8–10 °C under LT were comparable to that observed by RT. Considering its thawing efficiency and product quality, LT is a suitable method for the thawing of P. trituberculatus, and the ideal thawing conditions were LT at 2–4 °C.
Expert by Experience engagement in gambling reform: qualitative study of gamblers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Nyemcsok Christian , Pitt Hannah , Kremer Peter , Thomas Samantha L 
Published: May 2021

Summary
To explore how Experts by Experience (EbyE) conceptualize key priorities for preventing and reducing gambling-related harm in the United Kingdom (UK). To identify barriers and facilitators to EbyE engagement in decisions for gambling research, education, treatment (RET) and policy development. Qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from the UK between March and July 2020. Gamblers aged 29–60 years who self-reported that they had experienced gambling-related harm, and who actively used their experiences to inform strategies to prevent and reduce gambling-related harm in the UK. Participants were motivated to: advocate for gambling reform, and raise awareness of their experiences of gambling addiction or disorder. Gambling regulation was described as not adequately keeping pace with gambling industry practices, with initiatives needed to prevent the harms associated with product design, how individuals engaged with products and marketing practices. The reliance on voluntary contributions by the gambling industry for RET was perceived as a potential barrier to reform. Participants recommended new independent structures which engaged EbyE in meaningful ways in contributing to decision-making. An independent body run by and for EbyE was one mechanism that participants perceived could represent the voices of those impacted by gambling-related harm. Individuals with a lived experience of gambling-related harm, including affected social network members, bring a range of unique experiences and perspectives, and should be seen as valuable stakeholders in co-producing strategies to prevent and reduce gambling-related harm.
Deepening or delinking? Innovative capacity and global value chain participation in the IT industry
Authors: Lema Rasmus , Pietrobelli Carlo , Rabellotti Roberta , Vezzani Antonio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Innovation trajectories in global value chains (GVCs) can take differentiated pathways. In this article, we address the question: do stylized trajectories emerge from the analysis of countries’ relative innovative capacity (IC) and GVC participation? We draw explorative insights from a cluster analysis of 45 countries on the two subsectors of the information technology industry: hardware and software. Our analysis uncovers remarkable differences between hardware and software and across countries. We identify different trajectories and discuss the sectoral specificities that contribute explaining their existence. The association between the strengthening of IC and a deeper insertion in GVCs applies only to a handful of countries and only in the software subsector. The specificity of this association raises questions for future research on innovation trajectories in GVCs.
Discoveries and challenges: navigating the oceanic great unknown
Authors: Koslow Julian Anthony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
My career has enabled me to explore the life of several oceans and of ecosystems from the epi- and mesopelagic to the deep sea and to contribute to their stewardship. However, like Newton before me, I have been like a boy playing on the seashore while before me lay the great ocean, still mysterious in its workings and still mostly treated poorly and roughly by humanity. I came of age when graduate school was still seen as a rite of passage into the academy, and within the academy, success was based on publication in professional journals with a high impact factor. But effective science-based stewardship in an era of growing anthropogenic pressures will depend upon scientific input to networks at all levels of society, not just the academy: educational institutions, the media, government agencies, public and private corporations, community and conservation groups, and the political process itself. Science today, as always, has its exciting Eureka! moments, when hitherto unrecognized patterns in the life of the oceans are uncovered, but it increasingly requires clear and principled communication of truth to power.