bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of stainless steel wire
Authors: Kaplan M A , Ivannikov A Yu , Gorbenko A D , Mikhailova A V , Kirsankin A A , Kalaida T A , Konushkin S V , Sevostyanov M A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm after heat treatment. Mechanical properties were tested: strength and ductility of hardened and normalized stainless steel. According to the test results, it was found that heat treatment of steel allows obtaining maximum plasticity, while low strength, thus, it seems possible to use this heat treatment as a preparatory operation for the subsequent electric arc spraying of the wire and obtaining a spherical powder.
Diversity of soil micromycetes in winter wheat crops of the Volgograd region according to different predecessors
Authors: Budinkov N I , Poplevina V A , Mihaleva S N , Yarcev G F , Goncharov A G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the soil microbiota of the rhizosphere and rhizoplana of plants during the growing season of winter wheat after the predecessors: winter wheat, spring wheat, chickpea and flax in 2017-2018 was studied. during the period of spring and autumn tillering, on the farms of the Volgograd region. The conducted field and laboratory studies made it possible to identify the predominant representatives of the microbiota. According to the research results, it was revealed that almost all samples were dominated by pathogenic fungi: Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme, saprotrophic mucoral and non-spurulating fungi; Fusarium avenaceum was less common. Also, almost all samples contained the bacteria Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp. Highly pathogenic fungi F. moniliforme were more often detected after cereal spike predecessors, less often after chickpea; F. oxysporum-mainly after chickpea and flax. Chickpeas and flax, with adequate control of pathogenic microbiota on the subsequent culture, are better predecessors for winter wheat in the Volgograd region than winter wheat and spring crops. Depending on the characteristics of the year of research, as well as the season of sampling, specificity in the formation of mushroom consortia was observed in the experimental fields. Thus, in the fall of 2018, previously unseen pathogenic fungi Fusarium sambucinum, F. gibbosum, F. sporotrichiella, an antagonist fungus Gliocladium virens were isolated from the soil. In some samples, the fungi Penicillium spp., in particular, P. purpurogenum, were present, which, due to the secreted phytotoxins, can inhibit the growth and development of plants. The toxin-forming fungus Aspergillus niger has also been isolated. A significant part of micromycetes isolated from soil samples are pathogenic for cultivated plants, including winter wheat. There were very few representatives of micromycetes-antagonists Trichoderma viride, Gliocladium virens in the soil, probably not enough to resist the accumulation of pathogens.
Prospects for using sapropel deposits to increase the resistance of plants to stress factors
Authors: Sviridova L L , Ovsyankina A V , Sevostyanov M A , Podkovyrov I Yu , Sycheva I , Aysuvakova T P , Glinushkin A P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Root rot is a disease of plants, which have weak plant resistance to pathogens (from seed or soil inoculum) and environmental factors. Depending on the cultivation zone, the degree of saturation with one crop, agricultural technologies and varieties, the species, racial, strain composition of pathogens is constantly changing. The manifestations of root rot at an early stage of plant development are especially harmful. Healthy seed is a contribution to successful production, but stressful factors often attack plants with infectious pathophlora in the soil. The article discusses the use of combined soil mixtures as a stimulating factor in increasing the stress resistance of plants with the further production of healthy plants and seed material, which is a necessary reality of modern scientific technologies.
Assessment of the stability of amino acid complexes of heavy metals to biodegradation in the aquatic environment
Authors: Demin D V , Aladin D Yu , Sevostyanov S M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sodium salts of amino acids in solution have an alkaline reaction, which makes it possible to effectively bind metals into complex compounds, since in an alkaline medium, under the action of hydroxyl ions, the dissociation of amine groups is suppressed, and carboxyl groups remain dissociated, charging negatively, and behave like an anion.
In our experiments, we used an amino acid-based reagent. When processing various environments (objects) contaminated with heavy metals (HM) with this reagent, HM amino acid complexes are formed. In our experiments, we used an amino acid-based reagent. With processing various environments (objects) contaminated with heavy metals (HM) with this reagent are formed HM amino acid complexes.
Model experiments to assess the effect of microorganisms under aerobic conditions on the stability of amino acid complexes of heavy metals. After biodegradation of solutions with TM complexes, no more than 2-3% of heavy metals pass through the filter, which is ten times less than from untreated with the reagent solution.
Characterization of anomalous diffusion classical statistics powered by deep learning (CONDOR)
Authors: Gentili Alessia , Volpe Giorgio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Diffusion processes are important in several physical, chemical, biological and human phenomena. Examples include molecular encounters in reactions, cellular signalling, the foraging of animals, the spread of diseases, as well as trends in financial markets and climate records. Deviations from Brownian diffusion, known as anomalous diffusion (AnDi), can often be observed in these processes, when the growth of the mean square displacement in time is not linear. An ever-increasing number of methods has thus appeared to characterize anomalous diffusion trajectories based on classical statistics or machine learning approaches. Yet, characterization of anomalous diffusion remains challenging to date as testified by the launch of the AnDi challenge in March 2020 to assess and compare new and pre-existing methods on three different aspects of the problem: the inference of the anomalous diffusion exponent, the classification of the diffusion model, and the segmentation of trajectories. Here, we introduce a novel method (CONDOR) which combines feature engineering based on classical statistics with supervised deep learning to efficiently identify the underlying anomalous diffusion model with high accuracy and infer its exponent with a small mean absolute error in single 1D, 2D and 3D trajectories corrupted by localization noise. Finally, we extend our method to the segmentation of trajectories where the diffusion model and/or its anomalous exponent vary in time.
Pressure evolution of the electronic structure of non-centrosymmetric EuRhGe3
Authors: Utsumi Y , Batistić I , Balédent V , Shieh S R , Dhami N S , Bednarchuk O , Kaczorowski D , Ablett J M , Rueff J P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Among europium compounds, pressure induced valence transitions and/or intermediate valence states are often observed. In such systems, applying pressure of several GPa can drive a Eu valence from divalent to almost trivalent. Non-centrosymmetric EuRhGe3 possesses magnetic Eu2+ ions and exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering at ∼11 K at ambient pressure. Pressure resistant magnetic ordering and stable divalent Eu state have been reported in EuRhGe3. Here, we study the pressure evolution of the Eu valence of EuRhGe3 by high resolution x-ray absorption spectroscopy using the partial fluorescence yield method. Our study reveals a successive increase of the Eu valence with increasing pressure without any valence transition. The obtained mean Eu valence approaches ∼2.4 around 40 GPa at 300 K. The experimental data are also analyzed by a full multiplet configuration interaction calculation based on the single impurity Anderson model. The analysis reveals a decrease of the Eu 4f orbital occupation by applying pressure. Pressure evolution of the electronic structure studied by density functional theory suggests that the Rh ions have little contribution to the pressure evolution of the Eu valence, while it implies an active involvement of the Ge ions.
Participation in Collision Sports and Cognitive Aging Among Swedish Twins
Authors: Weiss Jordan , Rabinowitz Amanda R , Deshpande Sameer K , Hasegawa Raiden B , Small Dylan S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examined the association between early-life participation in collision sports and later-life cognitive health over a 28-year period in a population-based sample drawn from the longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (1987–2014). Cognitive measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination and performance across multiple cognitive domains (e.g., global cognition, verbal ability, spatial ability, memory, processing speed). Among a sample of 660 adults (mean age at baseline, 62.8 years (range: 50–88); 58.2% female), who contributed 10,944 person-years of follow-up, there were 450 cases of cognitive impairment (crude rate = 41.1/1,000 person-years). Early-life participation in collision sports was not significantly associated with cognitive impairment at baseline or with its onset over a 28-year period in a time-to-event analysis, which accounted for the semi-competing risk of death. Furthermore, growth curve models revealed no association between early-life participation in collision sports and the level of or change in trajectories of cognition across multiple domains overall or in sex-stratified models. We discuss the long-term implications of adolescent participation in collision sports on cognitive health.
Echoes of the Ius Commune
Authors: Vermeule Adrian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Professor Nicholas (Nick) Barber’s learned and intelligent book on The Principles of Constitutionalism is best understood as an exercise in Aristotelian naturalism and moral and constitutional realism, of a sort much more characteristic of the classical law than of modern positivism. In view of the book’s implicitly classical approach, it would have benefited, at a number of key junctures, from drawing upon the rich and enduring tradition of the ius commune. Barber often speaks in the register of the classical law, perhaps without knowing it. Doing so more often, and more explicitly, would have improved an already impressive work.
‘Lost, Enfeebled, and Deprived of Its Vital Effect’: Mill’s Exaggerated View of the Relation Between Conflict and Vitality
Authors: Simpson Robert Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mill thinks our attitudes should be held in a way that’s active and ‘alive’. He believes attitudes that lack these qualities—those held dogmatically, or in unreflective conformity—are inimical to our well-being. This claim then serves as a premiss in his argument for overarching principles of liberty. He argues that attitudinal vitality, in the relevant sense, relies upon people experiencing (and being open to) attitudinal conflict, and that this necessitates a prioritization of personal liberties. I argue that, pace Mill, contestation isn’t required for attitudinal vitality. I describe one species of attitudinal vitality that isn’t reliant upon conflict.
Bayesian modeling of spatial molecular profiling data via Gaussian process
Authors: Li Qiwei , Zhang Minzhe , Xie Yang , Xiao Guanghua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivationThe location, timing and abundance of gene expression (both mRNA and proteins) within a tissue define the molecular mechanisms of cell functions. Recent technology breakthroughs in spatial molecular profiling, including imaging-based technologies and sequencing-based technologies, have enabled the comprehensive molecular characterization of single cells while preserving their spatial and morphological contexts. This new bioinformatics scenario calls for effective and robust computational methods to identify genes with spatial patterns.ResultsWe represent a novel Bayesian hierarchical model to analyze spatial transcriptomics data, with several unique characteristics. It models the zero-inflated and over-dispersed counts by deploying a zero-inflated negative binomial model that greatly increases model stability and robustness. Besides, the Bayesian inference framework allows us to borrow strength in parameter estimation in a de novo fashion. As a result, the proposed model shows competitive performances in accuracy and robustness over existing methods in both simulation studies and two real data applications.Availability and implementationThe related R/C++ source code is available at https://github.com/Minzhe/BOOST-GP.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Associations between Task-Related Modulation of Motor-Evoked Potentials and EEG Event-Related Desynchronization in Children with ADHD
Authors: Ewen Joshua B , Puts Nicolaas A , Mostofsky Stewart H , Horn Paul S , Gilbert Donald L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChildren with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have previously shown a decreased magnitude of event-related desynchronization (ERD) during a finger-tapping task, with a large between-group effect. Because the neurobiology underlying several transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures have been studied in multiple contexts, we compared ERD and 3 TMS measures (resting motor threshold [RMT], short-interval cortical inhibition [SICI], and task-related up-modulation [TRUM]) within 14 participants with ADHD (ages 8–12 years) and 17 control children. The typically developing (TD) group showed a correlation between greater RMT and greater magnitude of alpha (10–13 Hz, here) ERD, and there was no diagnostic interaction effect, consistent with a rudimentary model of greater needed energy input to stimulate movement. Similarly, inhibition measured by SICI was also greater in the TD group when the magnitude of movement-related ERD was higher; there was a miniscule diagnostic interaction effect. Finally, TRUM during a response-inhibition task showed an unanticipated pattern: in TD children, the greater TMS task modulation (TRUM) was associated with a smaller magnitude of ERD during finger-tapping. The ADHD group showed the opposite direction of association: Greater TRUM was associated with larger magnitude of ERD. Prior EEG results have demonstrated specific alterations of task-related modulation of cortical physiology, and the current results provide a fulcrum for multimodal study.
The Landscape of Candidemia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Seagle Emma E , Jackson Brendan R , Lockhart Shawn R , Georgacopoulos Ourania , Nunnally Natalie S , Roland Jeremy , Barter Devra M , Johnston Helen L , Czaja Christopher A , Kayalioglu Hazal , Clogher Paula , Revis Andrew , Farley Monica M , Harrison Lee H , Davis Sarah Shrum , Phipps Erin C , Tesini Brenda L , Schaffner William , Markus Tiffanie M , Lyman Meghan M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented healthcare challenges, and COVID-19 has been linked to secondary infections. Candidemia, a fungal healthcare-associated infection, has been described in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. However, studies of candidemia and COVID-19 coinfection have been limited in sample size and geographic scope. We assessed differences in patients with candidemia with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis.

Methods
We conducted a case-level analysis using population-based candidemia surveillance data collected through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Emerging Infections Program during April–August 2020 to compare characteristics of candidemia patients with and without a positive test for COVID-19 in the 30 days before their Candida culture using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.

Results
Of the 251 candidemia patients included, 64 (25.5%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Liver disease, solid-organ malignancies, and prior surgeries were each &gt;3 times more common in patients without COVID-19 coinfection, whereas intensive care unit–level care, mechanical ventilation, having a central venous catheter, and receipt of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants were each &gt;1.3 times more common in patients with COVID-19. All-cause in-hospital fatality was 2 times higher among those with COVID-19 (62.5%) than without (32.1%).

Conclusions
One-quarter of candidemia patients had COVID-19. These patients were less likely to have certain underlying conditions and recent surgery commonly associated with candidemia and more likely to have acute risk factors linked to COVID-19 care, including immunosuppressive medications. Given the high mortality, it is important for clinicians to remain vigilant and take proactive measures to prevent candidemia in patients with COVID-19.
Socio-demographic disparities in amblyopia prevalence among 1.5 million adolescents
Authors: Nitzan Itay , Bez Maxim , Megreli Jacob , Bez Dana , Barak Adiel , Yahalom Claudia , Levine Hagai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Amblyopia, when not diagnosed at appropriate age, leads to uncorrectable visual impairment with considerable social and financial implications. The aim of this study was to assess socio-demographic disparities in amblyopia prevalence among Israeli adolescents, in order to identify susceptible groups in the population.

Methods
A nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study of Israeli adolescents examined between 1993 and 2017. All study participants underwent visual acuity examination with socio-demographic data and previous medical history documented. Associations were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Among 1 334 650 Israeli-born candidates aged 17.15±0.26 years, amblyopia was diagnosed in 1.07%. The overall prevalence of amblyopia has declined from 1.59% in 1993 to 0.87% in 2017. Being in the lowest socioeconomic status and below average cognitive function scores increased the odds of amblyopia in both males [odds ratio (OR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–1.87; OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19–1.35, respectively] and females (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30–1.98; OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18–1.36, respectively). Among males, Orthodox and ultra-Orthodox educational systems were associated with increased odds of amblyopia (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.25; OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.73–2.09). A significantly higher prevalence of amblyopia was recorded among 219 983 immigrants (1.51%, P&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Although the overall prevalence of amblyopia has decreased during the observed years, we found substantial evidence of socio-demographic disparities in amblyopia prevalence among adolescents, suggesting disparities in the prevention of the disease and its treatment. Demonstration of inequities at a national level could aid future guidance of health policy and augment current vision screening programs.
Validation of the French Women Abuse Screening Tool to routinely identify intimate partner violence
Authors: Guiguet-Auclair Candy , Boyer Baptiste , Djabour Keltoume , Ninert Mehdi , Verneret-Bord Estelle , Vendittelli Françoise , Debost-Legrand Anne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Health care professionals strongly underestimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV), and a few of them think that they screen and refer victims appropriately for assistance. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally validate a French version of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST).

Methods
A multicenter case–control study was performed in the forensic medicine unit of the University Hospital and two offices of the women’s rights association in France. Abused and non-abused women self-completed the WAST and a questionnaire assessing their level of comfort in responding to the WAST during the study and during a hypothetical consultation with a physician in primary care. We analyzed the psychometric properties and screening performance of the WAST.

Results
Respondent acceptability was very good, with response rates exceeding 95%. The WAST had a good internal consistency (Cronbach α coefficient = 0.95). Its screening performance with a cut-off score of 5 was excellent: area under the ROC curve was 0.99, sensitivity 97.7%, specificity 97.1%, positive predictive value 97.2% and negative predictive value 97.7%. The levels of comfort were significantly lower among abused compared with non-abused women. Both groups of women were more comfortable answering the WAST during the study than in a hypothetical consultation.

Conclusion
The French version of the WAST was found to be a well-accepted and valid screening tool for routine use in IPV. It may help health care professionals to detect women experiencing abuse early and to refer them more quickly to specific assistance.
3-D Q-coda attenuation structure at Mt. Etna (Italy)
Authors: Giampiccolo E , Del Pezzo E , Tuvé T , Grazia G Di , Ibáñez J M 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Three dimensional attenuation images of Mt. Etna volcano obtained by the analysis of Q-coda from local volcano-tectonic earthquakes are presented in this work. Seismic sources are confined inside the Etna structure with a maximum focal depth of 35 km below the sea level. The space distribution of the attenuation values was calculated by using 3-D weighting functions derived by the sensitivity kernels of Pacheco and Snieders (2006) and approximated by a polynomial interpolation, represented in the maps by using a back- projection method. Data were analyzed in four bands with central frequency placed at 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 Hz respectively. We observed a frequency dependence of Q-coda with values that range from 55 at 1.5 Hz to 218 at 12 Hz. Q-coda space distribution in the Etna area shows almost uniformity in the average attenuation in the first 35 km below the surface. The images were derived with a resolution of 5 km. We observe as one of our main conclusions that Q-coda attenuation space anomalies are correlated with the areas of highest structural heterogeneities and are distributed along the well-known tectonic structures which characterize the crust in Mt. Etna region. Previous and numerous velocity and attenuation images describing the structure of Mt. Etna support our main conclusion: high Q-coda volumes almost coincide with the zones marked by high velocity and relative low total attenuation for direct waves.