bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in guideline implementation: an updated scoping review protocol
Authors: Gagliardi Anna R. , Malinowski Jennifer , Munn Zachary , Peters Sanne , Senerth Emily 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to assess trends in guideline implementation, including the interventions used, rationale provided, and the impact on patient or health care professional knowledge, behavior or outcomes.

Introduction:
Guidelines must be actively implemented to promote use and achieve beneficial outcomes. A review published in 2015 found that studies of guideline implementation did not employ a range of implementation planning approaches to select and tailor interventions, resulting in inconsistent impact. This study will update the 2015 review and elaborate beyond the four diseases originally covered to determine whether more recent efforts to implement guidelines are informed by best implementation practices.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include published studies that describe the implementation of guidelines on any clinical topic relevant to primary, secondary, or tertiary care using interventions targeted at patients, families/caregivers, or health care professionals.

Methods:
We will search MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from 2014 (search date in 2015 review) to the present. Two or more reviewers will screen titles and full-text articles, and extract data from included studies. We will use summary statistics, tables, and a narrative summary to describe study characteristics, guideline implementation interventions, the rationale for intervention selection and tailoring (pre-identified barriers, patient or stakeholder preferences, theory), and intervention impact.
Exergy and Energy Analyses of the Spirulina Microalgae Blends in a Direct Injection Engine at Variable Engine Loads
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Chi , Askary Ahmad El , Elfasakhany Ashraf , Nithya S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article explores the exergy analysis of the diesel engine with the selected Spirulina microalgae bio-oil (SMBO) biodiesel. The adaptability of the biofuels as an efficient replacement to the fossil fuel has to be tested and proved. To estimate the overall efficiency of the engine with the biofuel blends, it is essential to find out the energy conversion capability of the engine. Different fuel blends were taken as B0 (100% diesel), B10 (10% SMBO + 90% diesel), B20 (20% SMBO + 80% diesel), and B30 (30% SMBO + 70% diesel). All experimental tests were conducted in a naturally aspirated directly injected engine. The brake power (BP), heat release rate (HRR), exergy destruction, ideal efficiency, actual efficiency, exergy rate and energy rate of the fuel, as well as exhaust were measured for all fuel blends. All tests were conducted at different rpm values from 0 to 3000 rpm with 500 rpm interval and also at different loads such as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% load. The loss of exergy of fuel and thermal was on the rise and noticed in B0, B10, B20, and B30, while the HRR and loss of exergy rate were found in exhaust as more decreasing one in B10, B20, and B30 fuel blends than B0 (pure diesel).
Rheological Modeling of Complex Flow Behavior of Bitumen-Solvent Mixtures and Implication for Flow in a Porous Medium
Authors: Alade Olalekan Saheed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The viscosity of extra-heavy oils including bitumen can be reduced significantly by adding solvent such as toluene to enhance extraction, production, and transportation. Thus, prediction of viscosity and/or rheology of bitumen-solvent mixtures has become necessary. More so, selecting a suitable rheological model for simulation of flow in porous media has an important role to play in engineering design of production and processing systems. While several mixing rules have been applied to calculate the viscosity of bitumen-solvent mixtures, rheological model to describe the flow characteristics has rarely been published. Thus, in this investigation, rheological behavior of bitumen and bitumen-toluene mixtures (weight fractions of bitumen WB = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, and 1 w/w) have been studied at the flow temperature (75 °C) of the bitumen and in the range of shear rates between 0.001 and 1000 s−1. The data were fitted using different rheological models including the Power law, Cross model, Carreau–Yasuda model, and the newly introduced ones herein named as Cross-Logistic and Logistic models. Then, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was built using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of rock sample (representing a realistic porous geometry) to simulate pore scale flow characteristics. The observations revealed that the original bitumen exhibits a Newtonian behavior within the low shear rate region (0.001–10 s−1) and shows a non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) behavior at the higher shear rate region (100–1000 s−1). Conversely, the bitumen-toluene mixtures show shear thinning (pseudoplastic) behavior at low shear rate region (0.001–0.01), which appears to become less significant within 0.01 to 0.1 s−1, and exhibit shear independent Newtonian behavior within 0.1 and 1000 s−1 shear rates. Moreover, except for the original bitumen, statistical error analysis of prediction ability of the tested rheological models as well as the results from the pore scale flow parameters suggested that the Power law might not be suitable for predicting the flow characteristics of the bitumen–toluene mixtures compared to the other models.
Nanomaterials Modified Drilling Fluid for Improving Deep Drilling Conditions
Authors: Abdo Jamil , Haneef Muhammad Danish 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Achieving stability of drilling fluids (DFs) rheology with high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) has always seen a growing focus with increasing pursuits of deep drilling operations to maximize hydrocarbon recovery. Since there is no boundary of how deep the drilling technology can be pushed to access deep-lying reservoirs, the quest to improve and stabilize the drilling fluids rheology is an open-ended and ongoing matter. This paper presents an investigation of two distinct clays namely sepiolite (SP) and attapulgite (AT) in nanoform as water-based drilling fluid (WBDF) additives for improved and stable rheological properties. The process of material sourcing, characterization, development in nanoform, and testing as a drilling fluid additive at low and high temperature and pressure conditions are the main focus of this study. Through experiments, it was determined that 30–60 nm size range and 4 wt% concentration of developed nanomaterials yielded the optimal performance. Various tests were then performed at HTHP, and the stability of nanosepiolite (NSP) and nanoattapulgite (NAT) in 4 wt% concentration was compared with regular drilling fluid additive (bdf403) which is used as a common rheology stabilizer in the industry. It was found that for NSP and NAT-modified drilling fluids, the yield point, plastic viscosity, and gel strength were found to be retained at temperatures and pressures of up to 180 °C and 15 ksi, respectively, in contrast to bdf403 WBDF which deteriorated at much lower temperature and pressure. NSP additives were found to be more effective than NAT additives. The results confirmed a strong dependence of the DF stability on the morphological characteristics of the tested clays, implying that the properties of the DFs can be tailored by modifying the clay morphologies, particularly in the nanoform.
The Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Bioimpedance Vector Patterns, Performance, and Flexibility in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Campa Francesco , Levi Micheli Matteo , Pompignoli Matilde , Cannataro Roberto , Gulisano Massimo , Toselli Stefania , Greco Gianpiero , Coratella Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To examine whether menstrual cycle affects body composition and bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) patterns, jumping and sprinting ability, and flexibility in elite soccer players. Methods: A total of 20 elite female soccer players (age: 23.8 [3.4] y, height: 1.63 [0.04] m, body mass: 61.4 [5.9] kg, and body mass index: 22.5 [2.4] kg/m2) were monitored during the early follicular and ovulatory phase across 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. Bioimpedance analysis was performed using foot-to-hand technology, and total body water and fat mass were determined by specific equations developed for athletes. Bioelectrical resistance and reactance were adjusted according to the BIVA procedures and plotted as a vector within the resistance–reactance graph. In addition, countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, and sit and reach were assessed. Results: A time effect (P < .05) was found for body mass, total body water, bioelectrical resistance and reactance, and flexibility. Specifically, body mass increased (P = .021) along with a gain in total body water (P = .001) from the ovulatory to the early follicular phase, while it decreased from the early follicular to the ovulatory phase during the second menstrual cycle. The BIVA vector shortened during the early follicular phases (P < .001). No change in jumping and sprinting capacity was observed (P > .05). Flexibility was impaired during the early follicular phases (P < .05). Conclusions: Specific bioelectrical impedance analysis and BIVA procedures are able to detect menstrual cycle–induced changes in body composition in elite soccer players. The early follicular phase resulted in fluid accumulations and BIVA vector shortening. In addition, while menstrual cycle did not affect performance, a fluctuation in flexibility was observed.
A Sense of Connection: Examining Social Identity and Adherence to a School-Based Exercise Club
Authors: Bruner Mark W. , McLaren Colin , Spink Kevin S. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social identity and adherence in the context of a school-based, 8-week structured group exercise program. Methods: Secondary students (N = 116; Mage = 15.52 years) from 10 newly formed school-based exercise clubs reported social identity perceptions specific to their exercise group, which were used to predict attendance and intentions to return to the club in the future. Results: Controlling for sex and grade level, the results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that exercise group social identity was significantly positively related to program attendance (ΔR2 = .09, p < .01). A positive relationship was also found between exercise group social identity and intentions to return to the exercise club in the future, while also controlling for sex, grade level, and program attendance (ΔR2 = .05, p < .05). Discussion/Conclusion: The findings suggest that stronger exercise group social identity in the form of ingroup ties is associated with greater attendance and intention to return to the school-based exercise club among secondary school students.
Supporting Teachers in Implementing Movement Integration: Addressing Barriers Through a Job-Embedded Professional Development Intervention
Authors: Sobolewski Kristina M. , Lobo Larissa T. , Stoddart Alexandra L. , Kerpan Serene 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Movement integration (MI) is a method to increase physical activity with numerous learning outcomes. However, MI implementation is low. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a job-embedded professional development intervention on teachers’ MI barriers. An implementation science approach was used. Methods: The intervention was developed and delivered through six procedures. Mixed-methods data were used to develop the intervention and assess outcomes. The intervention was delivered over 3 weeks to 12 participants. Results: Reported barriers included time constraints, lack of space, fear of losing control, and limited confidence and competence. Results indicated a significant increase in teachers’ self-reported MI use from pre- to postimplementation (Z = −2.138, p = .0165, r = .6), improved confidence (p = .048), and a strong positive correlation (τb = .627, p = .018) between confidence and competence. Conclusion: Job-embedded professional development may be an effective strategy to support teachers in overcoming barriers to MI.
Long-term (7 Ma) strain fluctuations within the Dead Sea transform system from high-resolution U-Pb dating of a calcite vein
Authors: Craddock John P. , Nuriel Perach , Kylander-Clark Andrew R.C. , Hacker Bradley R. , Luczaj John , Weinberger Ram 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The onset of the Dead Sea transform has recently been reevaluated by U-Pb age-strain analyses of fault-related calcite taken from several fault strands along its main 500-km-long sector. The results suggest that the relative motion between Africa and Arabia north of the Red Sea was transferred northward to the Dead Sea transform as early as 20 Ma and along a ~10-km-wide deformation zone that formed the central rift with contemporaneous bounding sinistral motion. The Gishron fault is the western bounding fault with normal and sinistral fault offsets that placed Proterozoic crystalline rocks and a cover of Cambrian sandstones in fault contact with Cretaceous-Eocene carbonates. Fault-related calcite veins are common in the Gishron fault zone, and we report the results of a detailed study of one sample with nine calcite fillings. Low fluid inclusion entrapment temperatures &lt;50 °C, stable isotopes values of–3.3–0‰ (δ13C; PDB) and 15.3‰ to 17.6‰ (δ18O; SMOW), and low rare earth element (REE) concentrations within the nine calcite fault fillings indicate that a local, meteoric fluid fed the Gishron fault zone over ca. 7 Ma at depths of &lt;2 km. Laser ablation U-Pb ages within the thin section range from 20.37 Ma to 12.89 Ma and allow a detailed fault-filling chronology with the oldest calcite filling in the middle, younging outward with shearing between the oldest eight zones, all of which are finally crosscut by a perpendicular (E-W) vein. All nine calcite fillings have unique mechanical twinning strain results (n = 303 grains). Shortening strain magnitudes (–0.28% to–2.8%) and differential stresses (–339 bars to–415 bars) vary across the sample, as do the orientations of the shortening (ε1) and extension (ε3) axes with no evidence of any twinning strain overprint (low negative expected values). Overall, the tectonic compression and shortening is sub-horizontal and sub-parallel to the Gishron fault (~N-S) and Dead Sea transform plate boundary. Most strikingly, the 7 m.y. period of vein growth correlates exactly with the timing of fault activity as evident within the 10-km-wide deformation zone in this evolving plate boundary (between 20 Ma and 13 Ma).
Bleeding risk in patients with cardiac disease from ischaemic stroke reperfusion therapy: an update
Authors: Chen Bridget J , Daneshvari Nicholas O , Johansen Michelle C 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundIntravenous tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and arterial endovascular therapy (ET) rapidly restore cerebral perfusion in eligible patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). It is unknown whether patients who had an AIS with premorbid cardiac disease respond differently to reperfusion therapies than those without. These patients may have risk factors that worsen outcomes or may represent those who would most benefit from reperfusion therapy.ObjectiveTo determine whether patients who had an AIS with the most frequently encountered pre-existing cardiac conditions, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), or taking anticoagulation for cardiac indications, are at increased risk for poor outcome, such as symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH), after reperfusion therapy.ResultsAlthough AF is an independent risk factor for poor poststroke outcomes, intravenous rtPA is not associated with increased risk of sICH for those not on anticoagulants. Likewise, HF is independently associated with mortality post stroke, yet these patients benefit from reperfusion therapies without increased rates of sICH. Patients with LVADs or who are on anticoagulation should not be given IV rtPA; however, ET remains a viable option in those who meet criteria, even patients with LVAD.ConclusionThere is no evidence of an increased risk for sICH after intravenous rtPA or ET for those with AF or HF. Intravenous rtPA should not be given to patients on anticoagulation or with LVADs, but ET should be offered to them when eligible. Whenever possible, future AIS reperfusion research should include patients with premorbid cardiac disease as they are frequently excluded, representing a gap in evidence.
Cost-effectiveness of oral anticancer drugs and associated individualised dosing approaches in patients with cancer: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: van Dyk Madelé , Bulamu Norma , Boylan Chelsea , Mc Laughlin Anna M , Kichenadasse Ganessan , May Nikki , Michelet Robin , Kloft Charlotte , Kaambwa Billingsley 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionOral anticancer drugs (OADs) have rapidly expanded with more than 70 OADs targeting several molecular targets. Many of the OADs exert an exposure–response relationship but still, a ‘one-size fits-all’ dose is used, ignoring interindividual variability. Several of these OADs share similar mechanisms of actions and thus target the same cancer and has resulted in a substantial research focus on comparing the health benefit of each. However, significantly less is known about the cost–benefit associated with OADs. This paper will provide a protocol to systematically review studies that have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of OADs and their associated individualised dosing interventions.Methods and analysisSystematic review methodology will be applied to identify, select and extract data from published economic evaluation (costs and outcomes/benefits) studies of OADs and their associated individualised dosing interventions. Bibliographic databases (eg, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE) will be used to perform the systematic literature search (between 1 January 2000 and October 2020). Only full economic evaluations will be included, but no restrictions on study outcomes will be applied. The quality of included primary studies will be assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist for reporting economic evaluations. Studies with low-quality evidence will be excluded. A narrative synthesis of the results from the included studies will be undertaken, with a subgroup analysis where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not require ethics approval as there will not be any collection of primary data. Findings of this review will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at workshops or conferences and sharing through a media release. Findings from this review will provide evidence to direct and inform policy-makers where cost-neutral strategies may be effective or where dose individualising strategies may be economically beneficial. Additionally, gaps will be identified in the current literature to inform future-related research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020218170.Electronic supplemental materialThe online version of this article contains supplemental material, which is available to authorised users.
Identifying neurocognitive outcomes and cerebral oxygenation in critically ill adults on acute kidney replacement therapy in the intensive care unit: the INCOGNITO-AKI study protocol
Authors: Jawa Natasha Arianne , Holden Rachel M , Silver Samuel A , Scott Stephen H , Day Andrew G , Norman Patrick A , Kwan Benjamin Y M , Maslove David M , Muscedere John , Boyd John Gordon 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionInitiation of acute kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is common in critically ill adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. KRT has been linked to poor neurocognitive outcomes, leading to reduced quality of life and increased utilisation of healthcare resources. Adults on dialysis in the ICU may be particularly at risk of neurocognitive impairment, as survivors of critical illness are already predisposed to developing cerebrovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction long-term relative to healthy controls. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation may provide a critical early marker of long-term neurocognitive impairment in this population. This study aims to understand cerebral oxygenation in patients undergoing KRT (continuous or intermittent) in the ICU. These findings will be correlated with long-term cognitive and functional outcomes, and structural brain pathology.Methods and analysis108 patients scheduled to undergo treatment for acute kidney injury with KRT in the Kingston Health Sciences Centre ICU will be recruited into this prospective observational study. Enrolled patients will be assessed with intradialytic cerebral oximetry using near infrared spectroscopy. Delirium will be assessed daily with the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU) and severity quantified as cumulative CAM-ICU-7 scores. Neurocognitive impairment will be assessed at 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge using the Kinarm and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Structural brain pathology on MRI will also be measured at the same timepoints. Driving safety, adverse events and medication adherence will be assessed at 12 months to evaluate the impact of neurocognitive impairment on functional outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Queen’s University Health Sciences/Affiliated Teaching Hospitals Research Ethics Board (DMED-2424-20). Results will be presented at critical care conferences, and a lay summary will be provided to patients in their preferred format.Trial registration numberNCT04722939
Comparison of qSOFA and Hospital Early Warning Scores for prognosis in suspected sepsis in emergency department patients: a systematic review
Authors: Sabir Lisa , Ramlakhan Shammi , Goodacre Steve 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and many tools exist to facilitate early recognition. This review compares two tools: the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) and Early Warning Scores (National/Modified Early Warning Scores (NEWS/MEWS)) for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality when applied in the emergency department.MethodsA literature search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane Library, handsearching of references and a grey literature search with no language or date restrictions. Two authors selected studies and quality assessment completed using QUADAS-2. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivities and specificities were compared.Results13 studies were included, totalling 403 865 patients. All reported mortality and six reported ICU admission.The ranges for AUROC estimates varied from little better than chance to good prediction of mortality (NEWS: 0.59–0.88; qSOFA: 0.57–0.79; MEWS 0.56–0.75), however, individual papers generally reported higher AUROC values for NEWS than qSOFA. NEWS values demonstrated a tendency towards better sensitivity for ICU admission (NEWS ≥5, 46%-91%; qSOFA ≥2, 12%–53%) and mortality (NEWS ≥5, 51%–97%; qSOFA ≥2, 14%–71%) but lower specificity (ICU: NEWS ≥5, 25%–91%; qSOFA ≥2, 67%–99%; mortality: NEWS ≥5, 22%–91%; qSOFA ≥2, 58%–99%).ConclusionThe wide range of AUROC estimates and high heterogeneity limit our conclusions. Allowing for this, the NEWS AUROC was consistently higher than qSOFA within individual papers. Both scores allow threshold setting, determined by the preferred compromise between sensitivity and specificity. At established thresholds NEWS tended to higher sensitivity while qSOFA tended to a higher specificity.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019131414.