bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect molecular weight of polyol components on shape memory effect of epoxy‐polyurethane composites
Authors: Bratasyuk Nikita A. , Zuev Vjacheslav V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the experimental findings of the study of a series of PU/epoxy composites, which formed interpenetrating networks and have shape‐memory properties. The morphological variation for different chemical compositions and the influences of morphology on mechanical performance and shape‐memory behavior are discussed. Length and mass fraction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) units are chosen as the key parameters in this study. The molecular weight of PEG was varied from 400 (as such PEG units are unable to crystallize) to 1500, 4000, and 6000, which are crystallizable. It was shown that the crystallization of PEG units is the key parameter, which determines the mechanical performance and shape‐memory behavior of PU/epoxy composites in this study. DMTA results show the linear dependence of glass transition temperature and tensile strength, elongation, and other mechanical parameters on the amount of PEG in PU/epoxy composites independently of the amount of PEG unit lengths. The maximal value of shape fixation rate was achieved for 30–40 mass percentage of PEG 4000 (4.5 × 10−2 s−1 at Tg + 20°C) or PEG 6000(4.1 × 10−2 s−1 at Tg + 20°C) in PU/epoxy composites.
Advanced analytics on IV curves and electroluminescence images of photovoltaic modules using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Kumar Vedant , Maheshwari Pranav 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdvanced analysis and monitoring of photovoltaic solar modules is required to maintain the reliable operations of photovoltaic plants. Hence, it requires diagnostics through current–voltage (IV) curves, electroluminescence (EL) imaging, and other measurement techniques. The analysis through IV characterization provides the discerning insight about the quantitative measure of solar module performance, while the image characterization methods on EL images can capture spatial defects with microscopic resolution such as microcracks, broken cells interconnections, shunts, among many other defect types. The fusion of these two methods with supervised and unsupervised machine learning can generate unique insight with classification, regression, and dimension reductions on IV–EL data. In this study, we have performed the IV–EL correlation by classifying the IV data based on EL image annotation (where the class information is coming from EL image). The feature vectors consist of IV curve parameters and statistical features. We have first applied the unsupervised learning algorithmst‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) for dimensionality reduction to understand the importance of various features on EL defect types. Furthermore, we had applied feature selection algorithms before applying the classification algorithms. We have performed the classification of various defect types by applying the random forests (RF) and XGBoost algorithm while identifying the top features. The accuracy was achieved greater than 91% and 95%, respectively, for supervised methods on the top five features. This correlation of IV–EL measurement could benefit in quick identification of various defect types in PV modules with only IV curve parameters, given the classification models are modeled using large‐scale datasets and tuned optimally.
Impacts of different perturbation methods on multiscale interactions between multisource perturbations for convection‐permitting ensemble forecasting during SCMREX
Authors: Zhang Xubin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of different perturbation methods on the multiscale interactions between different‐source perturbations and precipitation forecasting in convection‐permitting short‐term forecasts. Initial Condition (IC) and MOdel physics (MO) perturbations are applied to a convection‐permitting ensemble prediction system (CPEPS) in southern China for the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SCMREX) in May 2014. The analysis presented in this study is based on 32 12‐hr forecasts and builds upon perturbation methods explored in the previous work. Different perturbation methods show different multiscale characteristics especially for four factors: the meso‐β‐scale saturation rates and saturation values for MO perturbations and the forecast‐perturbation magnitudes and changes in convective activities relative to the control member for IC perturbations. All of these factors are closely associated with the occurrence of dispersion reduction due to adding MO perturbations to IC perturbations. Such factors can be changed to different degrees by modifying the initial magnitudes of IC perturbations and by combining various types of perturbation methods. The faster meso‐β‐scale saturations and smaller meso‐β‐scale saturation values for MO perturbations, as well as the larger forecast‐perturbation magnitudes and larger enhancements of convective activities relative to the control member for IC perturbations boost the dispersion reduction. To improve precipitation forecasting, it is instructive to apply dispersion reduction to the design of perturbation methods for CPEPSs, where forecast errors have been overestimated by IC perturbations especially at smaller scales.
Progress and challenges in dual‐ and triple‐isotope (δ18O, δ2H, Δ17O) analyses of environmental waters: An international assessment of laboratory performance
Authors: Wassenaar Leonard , Terzer‐Wassmuth Stefan , Douence Cedric 
Published: September 2021

RationaleStable isotope analyses of environmental waters (δ2H, δ18O) are an important assay in hydrology and environmental research with rising interest in δ17O, which requires ultra‐precise assays. We evaluated isotope analyses of six test water samples for 281 laboratory submissions measuring δ2H and δ18O along with a subset analyzing δ17O and Δ17O by laser spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS).MethodsSix test waters were distributed to laboratories spanning a wide δ range of natural waters for δ2H, δ18O and δ17O and Δ17O. One sample was a blind duplicate to test reproducibility and claims of analytical precision.ResultsResults showed that ca 83% of the submissions produced acceptable δ18O and δ2H results within 0.2‰ (mUr) and 1.6‰ of the benchmark values, respectively. However, 17% of the submissions gave questionable to unacceptable results. A blind duplicate revealed many laboratories reported overly optimistic precision, and many could not replicate within their claimed precision. For Δ17O, dual‐inlet results for IRMS using quantitative O2 conversion were accurate and highly precise, but the results for laser spectrometry ranged by ca 200 per meg (μUr) for each sample, with ca 70% unable to replicate the duplicate to their claimed Δ17O precision. One complicating factor is the lack of certified primary reference waters for δ17O.ConclusionsNo single factor or combination of factors was identifiable for poor or good performance, and underperformance came from issues like data normalization including inadequate memory and drift corrections, compromised working reference materials and underperforming instrumentation. We recommend isotope laboratories include high and low δ value controls of known isotope composition in each run. Progress in Δ17O analyses by laser spectrometry requires extraordinary proof of performance claims and would benefit from the development of adoptable and systematic advanced data processing procedures to correct for memory and drift.
The regulatory policy and guidance regime for the management of land contamination in England
Authors: Bardos Paul , Shao Xueting , Lal Jinyu , Yong Ren 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHistoric land contamination in England is managed primarily via a specific regulatory regime called “Part 2A” and via the planning system which governs land use across the country. The contaminated sites regime in England is mature stretching back to before the 1990s. The primary modus operandi is risk management to assess and determine appropriate actions for suspect contaminated sites. An environmental permitting regime regulates ongoing (and recent) industrial, waste management, and other processes with potential for environmental emissions. This may demand a more stringent basis for remediation given that current working processes should already be subject to effective environmental controls. A range of risk‐based thresholds is used for making site determinations, in particular on whether a site is formally determined as “contaminated.” Although there is no formal national inventory, information on contaminated sites is generally available. Moreover, there is a wide range of institutions actively engaged in managing problems of land contamination and a substantial offering of technical guidance and supporting publications.
Event‐triggered adaptive sliding mode control for consensus of heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Atrianfar Hajar , Yadollahi Shahram 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we peruse the consensus problem of nonlinear heterogeneous multiagent systems (MASs) in the presence of uncertainty and external disturbances. A new event‐triggered adaptive sliding mode control is first proposed to achieve consensus for MASs consisting of heterogeneous nonlinear agents with nonidentical inherent dynamics and different‐order dynamics. It is supposed that the uncertainties and their derivatives are bounded, but the upper‐bounds are unknown. For reaching consensus in heterogeneous MAS, the proposed controller integrates two fundamental actions concurrently. First, an adaptive sliding‐mode control strategy is adopted to guarantee the robust finite‐time regulation of each individual nonlinear, uncertain, and heterogeneous agent dynamics to the sliding surface and keeping on it despite the unknown model uncertainties and disturbances. Then, the decoupled heterogeneous sliding surfaces are designed to align the agent trajectories to a consensus through local interactions, when they reach the sliding surface. Also, by applying a novel event‐based strategy, we facilitate the usage of limited resources of embedded microprocessors that actuate the controller updates. We propose centralized and distributed event‐triggered schemes, in which each agent decides itself when to transmit its current state to its neighbors based on the global network information or only the knowledge of their own neighbors' states. Moreover, it is shown that the interevent intervals are lower‐bounded by a positive constant, and Zeno behavior is excluded. In the end, by doing simulation, verification of the theoretical results are presented.
Control of input‐affine nonlinear systems via linear programming
Authors: Merrikh‐Bayat Farshad , Afshar Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn effective and user‐friendly method to control a large portion of input‐affine nonlinear systems is proposed. This method works based on transforming the nonlinear control problem to a linear programming (LP) in unknown controls, the state variables of plant, and possibly the constraints imposed on the controls and state variables. The solution of this LP provides the control to be applied to the plant. The main advantages of the proposed method are: simplicity of applying to multi‐input multi‐output systems, taking into account the actuator saturation and constraints on states, and robustness to uncertainties in the model. Two numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. These are output voltage regulation of a two‐input two‐output dc–dc boost converter with actuator saturation and position control of a magnetic levitation system with a constraint on the speed of ball.
River relationships: For the love of rivers
Authors: Wooltorton Sandra , Poelina Anne , Collard Len 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn our writing, we voice stories of two Australian rivers to convey Indigenous ways of knowing and being. Interweaving academic literature, nature writing and creativity, we craft a story of reconnection that is transformative, action‐oriented and potentially political. An open mind, place‐intuition and the process of attending can deepen our river relationships, creating a sense of love and communicative connectedness. Paying deep attention, we notice meanings embedded in plain sight, within hearing range of rivers and watery places. Our relationships may be “in our faces” such as the wind, or the air, water or bushes nearby. We communicate across binaries to experience the dissolution of imagined barriers. Feeling, hearing, writing and storytelling can support verbalising of experience, helping to bring to mind place‐wisdom. It offers an everyday possibility for people now estranged from their riverine kin. The process uses a post‐human‐centred, common worlds frame to consider the Anthropocene in regenerative ways. It is creative and liberating, and rivers are dying for people to take action by speaking out for and with our greater selves. In this learning journey, we synthesise learnings, hoping to inspire people everywhere to hear the call of rivers, to respond, take action and learn to love their rivers again.
Teachers’ Questions about Coaching: Pathways to Productive Collaborations
Authors: L’Allier Susan K. , Brown Erin M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMuch has been written about the roles and responsibilities of literacy coaches, including the ways in which they can effectively communicate and work with teachers. Teachers, however, are often less certain about their roles and responsibilities when working with coaches. Many teachers also lack a clear picture of the varied opportunities available for collaborating with coaches. These uncertainties can be minimized by employing some school‐wide and individualized communication routines to assure common understandings at the beginning and throughout a coaching initiative or a coaching cycle. Focusing on the teacher perspective and common questions about coaching, the authors provide research‐supported ways that teachers and coaches can engage in productive collaborations.
The Role of Fathers in Child and Family Health
Authors: Yogman Michael W. , Eppel Amelia M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFathers’ involvement with their children has a substantial influence on both their children’s and their families’ health and development. Studied effects on child outcomes are reviewed within each phase of a child’s development (prenatal, infancy, childhood and adolescence). In addition, the impact of the physical and mental health of fathers on the health of their children is considered. This review advocates for policies enhancing father involvement, accessible and more extensive paternity leave, and increased attention to paternal postpartum depression by the medical community.
The Impact of Fatherhood on Men’s Health and Development
Authors: Kotelchuck Milton 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFatherhood has a direct and substantial impact on men’s physical, mental and social health, and sense of paternal generativity over their life course. This chapter, the second of a pair in this volume, explores the bidirectional impact of fatherhood on men’s health in the perinatal period. It pulls together a scattered fatherhood literature and articulates six broad pathways by which fatherhood could potentially impact on men’s health and development, both positively and negatively. This systematic exploration represents a new focus for the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) field, especially in addressing the perinatal time period, a time not usually thought of as impacting on men’s health. This chapter attempts to establish a firmer scientific knowledge base and rationale to support new, targeted perinatal fatherhood health programs, policies, and research. Hopefully, these will also further contribute to the growing efforts to expand men’s and women’s parental gender role expectations and equity, and enhance the parenting health and men’s health movements. Similar to the dual orientation of the women’s preconception health initiatives, earlier, healthier, and more actively engaged fatherhood should lead to both improved reproductive and infant health outcomes and men’s own improved health across the life course.
Steps in Developing a Public Health Surveillance System for Fathers
Authors: Simon Clarissa D. , Garfield Craig F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncluding the voice of the father in research related to fathering is essential. This chapter describes efforts to establish a new public health surveillance for fathers in the United States. The ultimate goal of this research is to study fatherhood to support healthy child development by collecting valuable information on father health and experiences in the perinatal period. Understanding fathers is key to learning about and improving family health, since fathers impact mothers and babies’ health. Studying the health of fathers during the transition to fatherhood can also provide a window into the overall health status of men, expanding the field of public health to include more specifics on the health of fathers and their impact on families. Currently surveillance systems are lacking in including the fathers’ perspective in measurement of paternal health and the transition to fatherhood. To address these issues we utilized a multi-pronged approach to inform development of a public health surveillance system for fathers: (1) review of the current literature to identify gaps in knowledge on the role of fatherhood in male and family health and identify current national-level surveillance data on fathers; (2) assessed feasibility of identifying participants to implement a surveillance system for fathers; (3) conducted formative research to develop methodology; and (4) piloted a public health surveillance system called the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for Dads or “PRAMS for Dads.”
Predicting Biosecurity Threats: Deployment and Detection of Biological Weapons
Authors: Volk Kaitlin M. , Gering Trajan J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding what kinds of biological weapons can be made with what sort of technology and by whom is an important component of biosecurity. An equally important component is understanding the different potential targets a biological weapon could be designed to attack, how the weapon would be deployed against these targets, and the available strategies to detect the creation and deployment of an illegal biological weapon. Understanding how a weapon could be deployed against specific targets affords decision makers a better picture of the current state and capabilities of biowarfare and bioterrorism that need to be protected against. Understanding current detection capabilities allows for a more informed discussion on biosecurity tools, and, more importantly, allows for the identification of critical gaps and research needs to improve risk-screening, detection, environmental remediation, and various other normatively beneficial and legitimate uses of emerging biotechnologies (Trump et al. 2020a). These two topic areas are discussed in this chapter.
Diaries as “Soul Portraits”? Interpretation and Theorization of Adolescents’ Self-Descriptions in the German-Speaking Youth Psychology of the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Seemann Carla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the first two decades of the twentieth century, the figure of the adolescent (Jugendlicher) was introduced into public discourse in the German-speaking world. The adolescent soon became an epistemic object for the still loosely defined field of psychology. Actors in the slowly differentiating scientific field of youth psychology were primarily interested in the normal development of adolescent subjects and sought out new materials and methods to research the inner life of young people. In order to access this inner life, they turned to the interpretation of diaries and other self-descriptions. This article takes up the questions of how diaries were used in the scientific context of psychology, and how diary writing was psychologically interpreted and theorized. The theoretical and methodological contexts of psychological knowledge production grouped around the subject of the diary will be examined in keeping with Hans-Jörg Rheinberger’s concept of historical epistemology. This analysis is carried out by using the example of three central actors who were in conversation with each other during the 1920s and 1930s: the developmental psychologist Charlotte Bühler (1893–1974), the psychologist and founder of personalistic psychology William Stern (1871–1938), and the youth activist Siegfried Bernfeld (1892–1953), who was influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis.
Zusammenhang zwischen Substanzkonsum und Zwangsmaßnahmen auf psychiatrischen Stationen
Authors: Betzler Felix , Brandt Ariadne , Heinz Andreas , Walter Henrik 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie
Im Zuge der Minimierungsabsichten von Zwangsmaßnahmen ist ein gutes Verständnis für deren Einflussfaktoren elementar. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Substanzkonsum und der Anwendung von Zwangsmaßnahmen.

Methoden
Alle im Jahr 2019 durchgeführten Zwangsmaßnahmen der akutpsychiatrischen Stationen der Charité Campus Mitte wurden untersucht, mit Fokus auf den Zusammenhang mit Substanzgebrauchsstörungen.

Ergebnisse
Bei 106 Fällen (92 Patienten) von insgesamt 1232 Behandlungsfällen (1131 Patienten) wurden Zwangsmaßnahmen angewendet, vorwiegend Unterbringung nach PsychKG (94) und nach BGB (21), seltener Isolation (23) oder Fixierung (18). Bei einem Drittel der Zwangsbehandlungsfälle lag eine akute Intoxikation, bei zwei Dritteln eine Substanzgebrauchsstörung in der Vorgeschichte vor, in beiden Fällen am häufigsten von Alkohol und/oder Cannabis. In der Gesamtzahl aller Behandlungsfälle hingegen (1232) lag die Anzahl von Intoxikationen bei 9 % und allgemein von Substanzgebrauchsstörungen bei 36 %.

Schlussfolgerung
Die vorliegende Arbeit belegt die klinisch bekannte Assoziation zwischen Intoxikationen und dem Einsatz von Zwangsmaßnahmen.
Existence and Stability of Kayaking Orbits for Nematic Liquid Crystals in Simple Shear Flow
Authors: Chillingworth David , Forest M. Gregory , Lauterbach Reiner , Wulff Claudia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe use geometric methods of equivariant dynamical systems to address a long-standing open problem in the theory of nematic liquid crystals, namely a proof of the existence and asymptotic stability of kayaking periodic orbits in response to steady shear flow. These are orbits for which the principal axis of orientation of the molecular field (the director) rotates out of the plane of shear and around the vorticity axis. With a small parameter attached to the symmetric part of the velocity gradient, the problem can be viewed as a symmetry-breaking bifurcation from an orbit of the rotation group $$\mathrm{SO}(3)$$SO(3)that contains both logrolling (equilibrium) and tumbling (periodic rotation of the director within the plane of shear) regimes as well as a continuum of neutrally stable kayaking orbits. The results turn out to require expansion to second order in the perturbation parameter.