bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-MHz spectral dip in a resonator-free twistedgain medium
Authors: Choksi Neel , Liu Yi , Ghasemi Rojina , Qian Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ultra-narrow optical spectral features have broad applications in spectroscopy, slow light, and sensing. Features approaching sub-MHz, or equivalently, Q-factors approaching 1 billion and beyond, are challenging to obtain in solid-state systems, ultimately limited by loss. We present a new paradigm to achieve tunable sub-MHz spectral features at room temperature without resonators. We exploit gain-enhanced polarization pulling in a twisted birefringent medium where polarization eigenmodes are frequency-dependent. Using Brillouin gain in a commercial spun fiber, we experimentally achieve a 0.72 MHz spectral dip, the narrowest backward Brillouin scattering feature ever reported. Further optimization can potentially reduce the linewidth to <0.1 MHz. Our approach is simple and broadly applicable, offering on-demand tunability and high sensitivity, opening a new paradigm for microwave photonic filters, slow light, and optical sensing.
“Will my Young Adult Years be Spent Socially Distancing?”: A Qualitative Exploration of UK Adolescents’ Lockdown Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Demkowicz Ola , Ashworth Emma , O'Neill Alisha , Hanley Terry , Pert Kirsty 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: For older adolescents, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated UK restrictions arrived during a critical period in the transition to adulthood. Early research exploring impact of the pandemic paints a picture of worsened adolescent wellbeing and mental health. We explore the subjective experiences of 16- to 19-year-olds during the first UK lockdown, with an emphasis on wellbeing and coping, in order to complement emergent quantitative evidence and inform strategies and provision for support. Methods: In May 2020, we invited UK-based 16- to 19-year-olds to share their experiences of the initial lockdown for ‘[project name redacted for blinded peer review]’. 109 participants took part, submitting anonymous written accounts via an online portal. We used inductive reflexive thematic analysis to develop rich experiential themes.Findings: We constructed seven main themes: heightened emotionality; feelings of loss, change, and uncertainty; recognising the value of self-care; efforts to think positively; opportunities for relief, growth, and development; the importance of togetherness; and frustration with government and media. Implications: Findings highlight the multifaceted nature of adolescents’ lockdown experiences, and offer insight into emotional impact and new concerns as well as the value placed on self-care and staying connected. We offer directions for supporting adolescents as pandemic consequences continue.
Performance evaluation and analysis of four waves mixing in DWDM optical communications
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Optical nonlinearities give rise to many ubiquitous effects in optical fibres ’. These effects are interesting in themselves and can be detrimental in optical communication. In the Dense Wave length division multiplexing system (DWDM) the nonlinear effects plays important role .DWDM system offers component reliability, system availability and system margin. DWDM system carries different channels. Hence power level carried by fiber increases which generates nonlinear effect such as SPM, XPM, SRS, SBS and FWM. Four wave mixing (FWM) is one of the most troubling issues. The FWM gives crosstalk in DWDM system whose channel spacing is narrow. Wavelength exchanging enables data swapping between two different wavelengths simultaneously. These phenomena have been used in many applications in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks such as, wavelength conversion, wavelength sampling, optical 3R, optical interconnects and optical add-drop multiplexing.
Contributions of winter and spring warming to the temporal shifts of leaf unfolding
Authors: Zhang Haicheng , Regnier Pierre , Chuine Isabelle , Ciais Philippe , Yuan Wenping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Changes in winter and spring temperatures have been widely used to explain the diverse responses of spring phenology to climate change. However, our understanding of their respective roles remain incomplete. Using >300,000 in situ observations of leaf unfolding date (LUD) in Europe, we show that the advancement of LUD since 1950 is due both to accelerated spring thermal accumulation and changes in winter chilling which explain 61% and 39% of the LUD shifts, respectively. Winter warming did not substantially retard the releasing of bud dormancy, but increased the thermal requirement to reach leaf unfolding. The increase of thermal requirement and decreased efficiency of spring warming on accelerating thermal accumulation partly explained the temporally (1950s-2010s) decreasing response of LUD to warming. Our study stresses the need to better assess the antagonistic and heterogeneous effects of winter and spring warming on leaf phenology, which is key to projection of future vegetation-climate feedbacks.
Nigella Sativa Prevented Parkinson's-Like Motor Functions Impairment, Dopamine Depletion and Neuronal Degeneration in the Striatum of Mptp-Induced Balb/C Mice
Authors: Folarin Royhaan , Olonade Akinola , Aminu Imam , Ogunkunle Praise , Folarin Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Parkinsonism is a neurological disease characterised by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantial nigra and dopamine deficiency in the brain, with motor and psycho-cognitive implications, while limitations masked the efficacy of the available drugs, thus the need to find alternatives with less side effects are essential. Nigella sativa is a multi-potent plant with therapeutic potentials in the brain and other body organs. This study investigated the effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the cognitive and other Parkinsonism endophenotypes elicited by MPTP in the BALB/c strain mice.
Materials and Methods
Body weights, brain-body ratios, recognition memory (through novel object recognition test), as well as fronto-cortical, striatal and cerebellar dopamine and neuronal density were assayed in thirty-two (32) male BALB/c mice (18 g − 25 g). They were randomized into four groups exposed to; normal feed, 18 mg/kg MPTP i.p, 1 ml/kgbw NSO p.o., and NSO + MPTP respectively, for 5 consecutive days. Behaviours were analysed 24 hours after the last exposure, subsequently euthanized, the brains removed and processed for biomarkers analysis and histochemistry.
Results
Parkinsonism-like traits such as mild tremor, down-regulation of striatal and fronto-cortical dopamine and neurons were recorded in the BALB/c mice administered with MPTP only. However, significant increase (p < 0.05) in appetite, body weight, brain-body weight ratio, and recognition memory was also recorded in the MPTP-administered mice, though Nigella sativa was significantly prophylactic against the negative Parkinsonic features, and ‘moderative’ of the up-regulations induced by MPTP.
Conclusion
While this suggests selective MPTP sensitivity and resistance in BALB/c strains, this study recommends the investigation of possible (though ironic) beneficial potentials of MPTP.
Real-Time Motion Onset Recognition for Robot-Assisted Gait Rehabilitation
Authors: Hassani Roushanak Haji , Bannwart Mathias , Bolliger Marc , Seel Thomas , Brunner Reinald , Rauter Georg 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Many Patients with neurological movement disorders fear to fall while performing postural transitions without assistance, which prevents them from participating in daily life. To overcome this limitation, multi-directional Body Weight Support (BWS) systems have been developed allowing them to perform training in a safe environment. In addition to overground walking, these innovative/novel systems can assist patients to train many more mobility/gait-related tasks needed for daily life under very realistic conditions. The necessary assistance during the users' movements can be provided via task-dependent support designs. One remaining challenge is the manual switching between task-dependent supports. It is error-prone, cumbersome, distracts therapists and patients, and interrupts the training workflow. Hence, we propose a real-time motion onset recognition model that performs automatic support switching between standing-up and sitting-down transitions and other gait-related tasks (8 classes in total). Methods To predict the onsets of the gait-related tasks, three Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) were attached to the sternum and middle of outer thighs of 19 controls without neurological movement disorders and two individuals with incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (iSCI). The data of IMUs obtained from different gait tasks was sent synchronously to a real-time data acquisition system through a custom-made Bluetooth-EtherCAT gateway. In the first step, data was applied offline for training five different classifiers. The best classifier was chosen based on F1-score results of a Leave-One-Participant-Out Cross-Validation (LOPOCV). In a final step, the chosen classifier was tested in real time with an additional control participant to demonstrate feasibility for real-time classification. Results Testing five different classifiers, the best performance was obtained in a single-layer neural network with 25 neurons. The F1-score of 86.83%± 6.2% and 92.01% are achieved on testing using LOPOCV and test data (30%, n=20), respectively. Furthermore, the results from the implemented real-time classifier were compared with the offline classifier and revealed nearly identical performance. Conclusions A neural network classifier was trained for identifying the onset of gait-related tasks in real time. Test data showed convincing performance for offline and real-time classification. This demonstrates the feasibility and potential for implementing real-time onset recognition in rehabilitation devices in future.
The Effects of Dietary Nutrients On Serum Liquids in Chinese Dietary: A Community-Based Population Study
Authors: Yin Lu , Li Ying , Mente Andrew , Rangarajan Sumathy , Ding Lijuan , Hu Bo , Yao Chenrui , Wang Yuebo , Liu Xiaoyun , Zhao Congke , Ma Haibin , Zhang Peng , Zhang Li , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

To examine the association between dietary nutrients (protein, carbohydrates, total fats, saturated fatty acids [SFA], monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], and cholesterol) and various serum liquids in Chinese adults.
Methods

As a part of Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, 46,285 Chinese participants were recruited. Dietary nutrients from various foods were computed using the Chinese Food Composition Table databases. Blood were collected to test total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
Results

42,054 participants in PURE-China study were included. Mean TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG were 4.68 ± 0.99 mmol/L, 2.63 ± 0.76 mmol/L, 1.36 ± 0.33 mmol/L, and 1.55 ± 1.09 mmol/L in our study, respectively. Subjects consuming higher proteins were more likely to have higher TC, TG, LDL-C (all Ptrend<0.001). High carbohydrate intake may play a role on reduction of TC (Ptrend<0.001), TG (Ptrend=0.031), LDL-C (Ptrend<0.001) and HDL-C (Ptrend<0.001). Higher fat intake was associated with increase of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C (all Ptrend <0.001). Unlike SFAs and MUFAs, those consuming higher PUFAs are likely to have higher TG (Ptrend<0.001), but have stable LDL-C (Ptrend=0.136).
Conclusions

High carbohydrate intake could decrease significantly various liquids, while high-fat and high-protein intake might have harmful impacts on profile of serum liquids. Subjects consuming higher SFAs and MUFAs were more likely to have higher levels of TC and LDL-C, but the intake of PUFAs has no influence on LDL-C level.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Small Scale Fishers (SSF) Engaged in Floodplain Wetland Fisheries: Evidences from Three States in India
Authors: Das Basanta Kumar , Roy Aparna , Som Sukanya , Chandra Ganesh , Kumari Suman , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Bhattacharjya Birendra Kumar , Das Archan Kanti , Pandit Arun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented human health crisis in recent global history with rippling social and economic effects. The outbreak in India has resulted in emergency lockdown in the country for more than two months and that caused decline in the fish catch has severely affected the life and livelihoods of the fishers. The wetlands offers tremendous scope for expanding both culture and capture based fisheries for livelihood security of fishers. They also play a key role in socio-economic development by generating employment and livelihood in the studied regions. In the present study a systematic rapid assessment was conducted to find the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on floodplain wetland fisheries in India to evaluate the impact of lockdown on wetland fisheries production, income and food access. We undertook a rapid telephone survey with 176 wetland fishers in 3 states. Fishers of three Indian States Bihar, West Bengal, and Assam lost 20, 25, and 9 fishing days respectively. Fish harvest during March to May was 32, 44 and 20 percentage lower respectively than the previous year in Bihar, West Bengal and Assam. Fishers of Bihar, West Bengal and Assam lost income of INR 10000/-, 12500/- and 4500/-due to lockdown. Demand supply gap during the lockdown led to the in 20–40 percent increase in farm gate price of fishes at the wetland level. The wetland fisheries potential to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ‘eradication of poverty’; ‘zero hunger’ and ‘good health and well being’ have also been considerably impacted due to this pandemic. The paper discusses several magnitudes of immediate impacts of lockdown on floodplain wetland fishers livelihood, income and food access, highlights issues and suggests strategies, advisories and decisions support to mitigate the impact.
Rapid Evidence Review of Community Engagement in The UK During The COVID-19 Pandemic: How Can Community Assets Redress Health Inequities?
Authors: Mughal Rabya , Thomson Linda , Daykin Norma , Chatterjee Helen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Community-based engagement has been crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic, fostering informal and local mutual aid between individuals, community groups, charities, community interest companies and local authorities. The current rapid evidence review examines the emergence of community-based arts, nature, music, theatre and other types of cultural engagement amongst UK communities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on all community engagement with a sub-focus on provisions accessed by and targeted towards vulnerable groups.
Methods

Two hundred and fifty-six resources created between February 2020 and January 2021 were reviewed. Resources were identified through Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, MedRXic, PsycharXiv, and supplemented with searches for grey literature and items in the public domain. The majority reported services that had been adapted to become online, telephone based or delivered at a distance from doorsteps. Over a third of identified resources (37%) were targeted towards socioeconomic outcomes, such as social isolation, financial difficulty or caregiver responsibilities. Over a quarter of resources (28%) were targeted towards psychological outcomes, including individuals with mild to moderate anxiety and depression, acute mental health needs, or neurodevelopmental conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder. Under a fifth of resources (17%) were targeted towards physiological outcomes, including individuals with health conditions such as dementia, chronic pain, immunological conditions, or other conditions requiring shielding. The remaining resources were open to everyone, or targeted towards other groups that did not fall into vulnerability categories such as parents or university students. Several quality assessment frameworks were used to evaluate the quality of data. Whilst a number of peer reviewed, grey literature and public domain items were identified, less than half of the identified literature met quality thresholds. The pace of the response to the pandemic may have meant robust evaluation procedures were not always in place.
Conclusions

Outreach to vulnerable audiences was generally observed via a plethora of organisations, however more robust and longitudinal evidence is needed as to the efficacy and impact of community programmes, services and activities.
Mental Health Status Among Frontline Prison Police During The Prevention and Control of The COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey From China
Authors: Tian Yong , Feng Tingyong , Wen Zhen , Yang Yipeng , Huang Jingting 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

A global public health emergency triggered by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic may have a remarkable psychological impact on the population. There is still limited psychological research on police officers, especially on prison police. The present study aims to identify prevalence and influencing factors on mental health status among frontline prison police in China during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Methods

A cross-sectional survey with a sample of 981 frontline prison police was conducted by using snowball sampling approach. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: (i) informed consent form; (ii) socio-demographic section; (iii) work and life situations during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic; (iv) the Chinese version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify factors influencing mental health status.
Results

The prevalence of being prone to mental health problems (GHQ-12 score ≥ 4) was 33.43% among frontline prison police. The results of GHQ-12 factors analysis that the prison police suffered from psychological issues related to anxiety and depression, which main symptoms were unhappy and depressed, lost sleep over worry and constantly under strain. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male (OR = 1.573, 95% CI: 1.385–1.853), work in closed jail (OR = 2.203, 95% CI: 2.139–2.297), more night shifts (OR = 2.163, 95% CI: 2.031–2.317 ; OR = 2.749, 95% CI: 2.194–2.901), more smoking (OR = 1.100, 95% CI: 1.037–2.168), poor physical condition (OR = 1.947, 95% CI: 1.478–2.250), chronic or serious illness history (OR = 1.870, 95% CI: 1.314–2.660; OR = 2.214, 95% CI: 1.460–2.812) were risk factor for mental health among frontline prison police, while regular diet (OR = 0.779, 95% CI: 0.539–0.928), more physical exercise (OR = 0.702, 95% CI: 0.548–0.899; OR = 0.641, 95% CI: 0.316–0.887), more communication with family members (OR = 0.437, 95% CI: 0.295–0.616) were protective factor.
Conclusion

The frontline prison police exhibited a high tendency toward mental health problems during the prevention and control of this epidemic. Therefore, continued surveillance of psychological problems and targeted mental health care for frontline prison police were urgently.
Developmental Toxicity and Neurotoxicity Assessment of R-, S-, and RS-Propylene Glycol Enantiomers in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Larvae
Authors: Shen Chao , Zhao Xijing , He Chengyong , Zuo Zhenghong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Propylene glycol (PG) is widely used in the foods, pharmaceuticals, oil industry, animal feed, cosmetics and other industries. Because of the existence of a chiral carbon center, PG forms R (Rectus)- and S (Sinister)-enantiomers. Currently, the toxicity study of its R-, S-enantiomers is still very scarce. In this study, we have assessed the developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of the R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers in zebrafish larvae. We found that exposure to R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers did not significantly affect the basic developmental endpoints of embryos or larvae (i.e., embryonic movement, hatching, mortality, malformation, heartbeat, body length), indicating that R-, S-, and RS-PG exposures did not exhibit the basic developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae. The toxicity of the three enantiomers was lower than that of ethanol, and there was no significant difference between them. However, R-, S-, and RS-PG exposures with high doses could significantly change the eye diameter and the locomotor activity of larval zebrafish, indicating that R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers of high doses can potentially exhibit the neurotoxicity and ocular developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Therefore, the potential neurotoxicity and ocular developmental toxicity of R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers for infants and toddlers should be considered.
Transcriptome-Derived Microsatellite Markers for Population Diversity Analysis in Archidendron Clypearia (Jack) I.C. Nielsen
Authors: Li Dandan , Li Mei , Li Fagen , Weng Qijie , Zhou Changpin , Huang Shineng , Gan Siming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Genomic resources including transcriptomic sequences and molecular markers remain scarce in the medicinally important woody legume genus Archidendron F. Mueller. Here we conducted transcriptome sequencing, genic microsatellite marker development, and population diversity analysis in Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C. Nielsen. Flower and flower bud transcriptomes were de novo assembled into 173,172 transcripts, with an average transcript length of 1597.3 bp and an N50 length of 2427 bp. A total of 34,701 microsatellite loci were identified from 26,716 (15.4%) transcripts. Primer pairs were designed for 718 microsatellite loci, of which 456 (63.5%) were polymorphic. Of the 456 polymorphic markers, 391 (85.7%) and 402 (88.1%) were transferable to A. lucidum (Benth.) I.C. Nielsen and A. multifoliolatum (H.Q. Wen) T.L. Wu, respectively. Using a subset of 15 microsatellite markers, relatively high genetic diversity was detected over two A. clypearia populations, with overall mean expected heterozygosity (He) being 0.707 and demonstrating the necessity of conservation. Relatively low differentiation between the two populations was revealed despite the distant separation (about 700 km), with overall inbreeding coefficient of sub-population to the total population (Fst) being 8.7%. This suggests that A. clypearia has mainly an outcrossing mating system and weak genetic structure. These results will offer valuable resources and information for further genetic studies and practical applications in Archidendron and the related taxa.
Expand the effective carriers in solid polymer electrolytes via anion-hosting cathode
Authors: Sun Zongjie , Xi Kai , Chen Jing , Abdelkader Amor , Li Mengyang , Lin Yue , Jiang Qiu , Su Yaqiong , Kumar Ramachandran , Ding Shujiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The non-reactive anion migration deteriorates the limited ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and accelerates solid-state batteries failure. Here, we introduce an integrated approach in which polyvinyl ferrocene (PVF) cathode encourage anions and Li+ to act as effective carriers simultaneously. The concentration polarization and poor rate performance, caused by insufficient effective carriers, were addressed by the participation of anions in electrode reaction. Specifically, the PVF|Li battery matched with unmodified SPE (PEO-LiTFSI) showed 107 mAh g− 1 initial capacity at 100 µA cm− 2 and maintained 70% retention for more than 2800 cycles at 300 µA cm− 2 and 60°C. Moreover, the slight capacity decrease at 1000 µA cm− 2 and the successful batteries operation at minimal ionic conductivity (8.13×10− 6 S cm− 1) show that the current carrying capacity of SPEs was greatly improved without complex design. This strategy weakens the strict requirements for ion conductance and interface engineering of SPEs, and provides an efficient scenario for constructing advanced polymer-based all-solid-state batteries.