bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical means of the assessment of the passive safety of road vehicles
Authors: Balaev E Y , Konovalova T V , Litvinov A E , Mironova M P , Senin I S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the main criteria for assessing the design of vehicles in the field of passive safety. Road safety is influenced by a large number of factors, among the most negative factors are road accidents and their consequences. All categories of the population die and get injured in road accidents, which entails a decrease in the population of the country and the level of health, life expectancy, length of the working period, and distortion of the age pyramid. Existing methods for assessing measures to improve passive safety do not fully allow establishing a correspondence between the characteristics of vehicle structural elements that ensure its passive safety and the severity of the consequences in an accident. This situation is mainly due to the impossibility of assessing the passive safety of the car as a whole, by one indicator, since the applied assessment is based on the requirements of regulatory documents. In this case, the most optimal analysis will be the analysis of the consequences of real road accidents, which allows to identify the most dangerous conditions of road accidents and traumatic elements of the structure of vehicles. The result of the assessment of measures to improve passive safety is an accurate assessment of the severity of human injury in an accident and the risk of an accident. The existing and prospective criteria governing passive safety indicators cover a small number of all types of road accidents. Therefore, expanding the scope of application of safety criteria to the widest possible range of types of road accidents and taking into account the anthropological parameters of a person is the most significant potential way to reduce the number and severity of injuries in road accidents.
The impact of lean tools on the growth of overall equipment efficiency (OEE) in vehicle manufacturing
Authors: Shmatkov V S , Shmatkova A V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the organizational activities allowing to improve the return from the equipment at the expense of reducing timely revealed losses. The analysis of the significance of the effect of the proposed measures on the growth of OEE is carried out. The statistics of losses during the operation of the fleet of metal-cutting high-performance equipment used in the production of vehicles for 10 years is given, an analysis is performed. A method for calculating the motivation fund for bonus payments to interested personnel is proposed.
Effect of cyclic heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr alloy
Authors: Gong-Ye Fan-Jiao , Zhou Jie , Zhang Qian , Long Shuai , Zhou Yu-Ting , Li Shi-shan , Peng Shi-Xin , Deng He-Ping , Zhang Jian-Sheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cyclic heat treatment was utilized on Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr (Ti-55531) alloy to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material. The effect of cyclic heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-55531 alloy was investigated using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction. The tensile test was conducted and the results revealed the decrease in strength and hardness and the increase in ductility of samples after cyclic heat treatment, which are primarily induced by the transformation of primary α and the growth of β grain. The cracks of the samples have primarily occurred along the β grain boundaries where the nucleation of microvoids and their coalescence underwent easier. Furthermore, the increasing times of cyclic heat treatment promoted the transformation of low-angle grain boundaries to high-angle grain boundaries and the formation of new β grains. The results of the present work indicated that the method of cyclic heat treatment could significantly affect Ti-55531 alloy in terms of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties.
Understanding superhydrophobic behaviors on hydrophilic materials: a thermodynamic approach
Authors: Li Yufeng , Han Xiaoqing , Jin Haiyun , Li Wen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Some experiments have proved that superhydrophobic behaviors can be achieved on inherently hydrophilic substrates without low surface energy modification at micro-scale. However, the thermodynamic mechanisms about these results have not been well-understood. In this work, a 2D analytical model was reported to analyze this unexpected experimental observations and wetting behaviors on trapezoidal, vertical and inverse-trapezoidal microstructure surfaces. Theoretical results showed that intrinsic contact angle, which was restricted by sidewall angle of micropillars, was not an independent parameter to affect superhydrophobicity. And re-entrant structures were critical in the realization of microstructures alone inducing transition from hydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity. The wetting transition criterion was that sidewall angle should be less than intrinsic contact angle. On this occasion, a positive energy barrier could support liquid/vapor interfaces and separate Wenzel and Cassie state on hydrophilic substrates. And the physical explanations can be found that the positive energy barrier mainly came from the growth of the high-energetic solid/vapor interfaces to be wetted by the drop with liquid/vapor interfaces moving down inverse-trapezoidal pillars. As for the optimal design of microstructures, considering the limitation of pillar width and the ‘sag’ transition caused by pillar height, T-shape microstructures could be a good choice.
Synthesis and characterization of PCM based insulated concrete for thermal energy storage
Authors: Ilyas Asharf , Ahad Muhammad Zeeshan , Durrani M A Q Jahangir , Naveed Amir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are an innovative solution in a thermal energy storage system that can contribute efficiently to the improvement of the energy performance in the building. The phase change is the latent heat of storage materials that can store a large amount of thermal energy in its phase change from solid to liquid and vice versa. The heat storage/release mechanism of PCM is due to its sensitivity to melting/solidifying processes. Optimized ratios of PCM in concrete is essential for effective thermal storage system and strengthen physical characteristic. In this research work, dip coating of phase change materials of melting temperature 17 °C to 50 °C was done for coarse aggregate in the ratios via 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100 v/v% with the cement. The compressive strength of PCM-based coated coarse aggregated 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% was investigated after 7, 14, and 28 days’ ages. Encapsulated coarse aggregates (ECA) of different ratios were compared for thermal energy conductance while keeping compressive strength as a key parameter. Temperature differences of 12.35, 15.25, 16.35, 17.5, and 20.3 °C were observed for ECA-100, ECA-75, ECA-50- ECA-25, and NCA, respectively in 12 h. The encapsulated PCM-based coarse aggregate concrete was characterized for physical, thermal conductance, and surface morphology. It was found that ECA-50 offers optimum storage of latent heat and reasonable compressive strength of concrete. However, an adverse impact was found regarding compressive strength as the PCM ratio increases above 50% v/v%, which can be maintained by bonding additives CNTs and GO.
High throughput software-based gradient tree boosting positioning for PET systems
Authors: Wassermann Christian , Mueller Florian , Dey Thomas , Lambertus Janko , Schug David , Schulz Volkmar , Miller Julian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The supervised machine learning technique Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB) has shown good accuracy for position estimation of gamma interaction in PET crystals for bench-top experiments while its computational requirements can easily be adjusted. Transitioning to preclinical and clinical applications requires near real-time processing in the scale of full PET systems. In this work, a high throughput GTB-based singles positioning C++ implementation is proposed and a series of optimizations are evaluated regarding their effect on the achievable processing throughput. Moreover, the crucial feature and parameter selection for GTB is investigated for the segmented detectors of the Hyperion IID PET insert with two main models and a range of GTB hyperparameters. The proposed framework achieves singles positioning throughputs of more than 9.5 GB/s for smaller models and of 240 MB/s for more complex models on a recent Intel Skylake server. Detailed throughput analysis reveals the key performance limiting factors, and an empirical throughput model is derived to guide the GTB model selection process and scanner design decisions. The throughput model allows for throughput estimations with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 175.78 MB/s.
Partner and Relationship Predictors of Longitudinal Physical Activity Trajectories Among Individuals with Osteoarthritis Using Latent Class Growth Analysis
Authors: Soto Sandra H , Hales Derek P , Callahan Leigh F , Rini Christine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Physical activity reduces osteoarthritis symptoms, yet many individuals with the disease are insufficiently active.

Purpose
We identified physical activity trajectories over 12 months of individuals with osteoarthritis and examined how their cohabiting spouses’/partners’ baseline physical activity and relationship factors affected trajectory membership.

Methods
In this longitudinal observational study, we collected data from 168 adults with knee/hip osteoarthritis. We used latent class growth curve analysis to identify physical activity trajectories and logistic regression to predict trajectory membership using partners’ physical activity, relationship satisfaction, and communal coping (belief that both partners are responsible for osteoarthritis management). Measures, including objectively assessed physical activity, were collected at baseline from the couple, who then received an educational class on physical activity and social support. Objectively assessed physical activity was also collected from individuals with osteoarthritis at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-baseline.

Results
Three trajectories were identified: stable active, increaser, and stable sedentary (24%, 40%, 37% of participants, respectively). Individuals with osteoarthritis with partners who were more active and who believed they alone were responsible for their osteoarthritis were more likely to follow the stable active (versus stable sedentary) trajectory. Those with partners who were less active and had higher relationship satisfaction were more likely to follow the increaser (vs. stable active) trajectory.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrate the importance of considering partner and relationship factors in physical activity interventions for couples.
Naturally Occurring Consecutive Sleep Loss and Day-to-Day Trajectories of Affective and Physical Well-Being
Authors: Lee Soomi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundExperimental studies have shown that just 1 night of sleep loss impairs next-day performance, mood, and energy. Yet, little is known about the effects of consecutive sleep loss on daily well-being in participants’ own settings.PurposeThis study examined whether and how naturally occurring consecutive sleep loss is associated with day-to-day trajectories of affective and physical well-being.MethodsParticipants were adults (N = 1,958) from the Midlife in the United States Study who provided daily diary data for eight consecutive days. Consecutive sleep loss was operationalized as the within-person number of consecutive nights with &lt;6 hr of sleep. Multilevel models evaluated the linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of consecutive sleep loss on daily well-being, after controlling for sociodemographic, health, and daily covariates.ResultsDaily negative affect increased and positive affect decreased in curvilinear fashion as the number of consecutive sleep loss increased. For example, daily negative affect increased (linear), but the rate of increase decelerated as the number of consecutive sleep loss increased (quadratic). Results were consistent for the number and severity of physical symptoms. For negative affect and the severity of physical symptoms, cubic effect was also significant such that the rate of increase accelerated again in the days most distal to baseline (no sleep loss).ConclusionsConsecutive sleep loss was associated with degraded trajectories of daily affective and physical well-being. Making efforts to break the vicious cycle of sleep loss may protect daily well-being in adults whose sleep time is often compromised.
Plasma Ceramides and Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Yin Wenjie , Li Fengjuan , Tan Xin , Wang Huimin , Jiang Wenxi , Wang Xue , Li Sijin , Zhang Yanbo , Han Qinghua , Wang Yuan , Du Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlasma ceramides (Cer) have been used to evaluate risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with coronary heart disease. We investigated the performance of ceramides and ceramide score (CERT) in hypertensive patients at high CV risk.MethodsSeven ceramides were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in 920 essential hypertension patients at high CV risk, who visited Beijing Anzhen Hospital from September 2016 to September 2018 (median age: 49 years, 562 males). All patients were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which included incident acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, stroke, and CV death.ResultsDuring mean 2.3-year follow-up, 71 patients experienced MACE. Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/22:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:0) were highly significant in predicting MACE [multiadjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval, CI) per SD were 1.76 (1.34–2.30), 0.55 (0.41–0.73), and 0.66 (0.47–0.92), respectively]. Compared with traditional variables (comprising presence of CV risk factors, hypertension-mediated organ damage, and comorbidities), a novel CERT for hypertensive patients (CERT-HBP), composed of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1), and their ratios to Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/22:0), respectively, increased the C-statistic from 0.751 (95% CI, 0.697–0.806) to 0.791 (95% CI, 0.737–0.845), P = 0.010. Net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement were 0.648 (95% CI, 0.421–0.885, P &lt; 0.001) and 0.046 (95% CI, 0.025–0.068, P &lt; 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsA ceramide-based CERT-HBP was established to evaluate risk of MACE in hypertensive patients at high CV risk. This may improve identification of high-risk patients requiring increased attention and aggressive therapy.Clinical trials registrationTrial Number NCT03708601.
Stability-indicating HPLC method to determine the stability of extemporaneously prepared vancomycin oral solution cups
Authors: Rochani Ankit , Nguyen Vinh , Becker Robin , Kaushal Gagan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To determine the stability of compounded sweetened vancomycin oral formulations in plastic unit dose cups stored up to 180 days under 2 temperature conditions: refrigeration (2°C-6°C) and room temperature (25°C with 60% relative humidity).

Methodology
A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to analyze vancomycin in the presence of degradation peaks. The stability of extemporaneously compounded vancomycin solution stored in oral unit dose cups was investigated using this method. The tested vancomycin oral solutions were compounded formulations of 125 mg/2.5 mL and 500 mg/10 mL. Three oral unit dose cups from each storage condition were withdrawn and assessed for stability on days 0, 3, 7, 15, 22, 30, 90, 120, 150, and 180 as per United States Pharmacopeia guidelines. The assay of vancomycin was carried out by using a calibrated stability-indicating HPLC method.

Results
The stability-indicating HPLC assay showed that vancomycin completely degraded within 2 hours when exposed to highly acidic or basic pH conditions. No precipitation, cloudiness, or color changes were observed during the study under either temperature condition. The HPLC assay revealed that vancomycin oral solution cups retained greater than 90% of the initial concentrations of vancomycin for 30 days when stored at room temperature (25°C and 60% relative humidity) and for 180 days with refrigeration (2°C-6°C).

Conclusion
Vancomycin oral formulations were stable for long-term storage periods beyond those specified in manufacture guidelines. Our data suggests the extended stability of vancomycin oral solutions compounded for hospital use can be extended.
Phenolic profile of a Parma violet unveiled by chemical and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Khatib Moustafa , Pouzet Cécile , Lafitte Claude , Chervin Justine , Bonzon-Ponnet Valérie , Jauneau Alain , Esquerré-Tugayé Marie-Thérèse 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ability of phenolic compounds to autofluoresce upon illumination by UV or blue light was exploited to explore the nature and distribution of these metabolites within the flower petals, leaves and roots of the violet, Viola alba subsp. dehnhardtii. This was achieved through a dual complementary approach that combined fluorescence microscopy imaging of living intact tissues and chemical extraction of pulverized material. The blue to red fluorescence displayed by living tissues upon illumination was indicative of their richness in phenolic compounds. Phenolic acids were found in all tissues, while flavonoids characterized the aerial part of the plant, anthocyanidins being restricted to the petals. The chemical quantification of phenolics in plant extracts confirmed their tissue-specific distribution and abundance. A key finding was that the spectral signatures obtained through confocal microscopy of endogenous fluorophores in living tissues and their counterpart extracts share the same fluorescence patterns, pointing out the potential of fluorescence imaging of intact organs for a proper estimation of their phenolic content. In addition, this study highlighted a few distinct morphology cell types, in particular foliar-glandular-like structures, and jagged petal cell walls. Altogether, these data provide a comprehensive histochemical localization of phenolics in living tissues of a violet. Converting fluorescence imaging into a chemical imprint indicated that one can rely on fluorescence microscopy of intact living tissues as a rapid, non-destructive means to follow their phenolic imprint under various environmental conditions.
High-performance deep learning pipeline predicts individuals in mixtures of DNA using sequencing data
Authors: Phan Nam Nhut , Chattopadhyay Amrita , Lee Tsui-Ting , Yin Hsiang-I , Lu Tzu-Pin , Lai Liang-Chuan , Hwa Hsiao-Lin , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Chuang Eric Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, we proposed a deep learning (DL) model for classifying individuals from mixtures of DNA samples using 27 short tandem repeats and 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained through massively parallel sequencing protocol. The model was trained/tested/validated with sequenced data from 6 individuals and then evaluated using mixtures from forensic DNA samples. The model successfully identified both the major and the minor contributors with 100% accuracy for 90 DNA mixtures, that were manually prepared by mixing sequence reads of 3 individuals at different ratios. Furthermore, the model identified 100% of the major contributors and 50–80% of the minor contributors in 20 two-sample external-mixed-samples at ratios of 1:39 and 1:9, respectively. To further demonstrate the versatility and applicability of the pipeline, we tested it on whole exome sequence data to classify subtypes of 20 breast cancer patients and achieved an area under curve of 0.85. Overall, we present, for the first time, a complete pipeline, including sequencing data processing steps and DL steps, that is applicable across different NGS platforms. We also introduced a sliding window approach, to overcome the sequence length variation problem of sequencing data, and demonstrate that it improves the model performance dramatically.
Identification of novel genes and pathways regulated by the orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TFII in mouse MA-10 Leydig cells
Authors: Mehanovic Samir , Mendoza-Villarroel Raifish E , de Mattos Karine , Talbot Philippe , Viger Robert S , Tremblay Jacques J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn males, Leydig cells are the main producers of testosterone and insulin-like 3 (INSL3), two hormones essential for sex differentiation and reproductive functions. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factors I (COUP-TFI/NR2F1) and COUP-TFII (NR2F2) belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. In the testis, COUP-TFII is expressed and plays a role in the differentiation of cells committed to give rise to fully functional steroidogenic adult Leydig cells. Steroid production has also been shown to be diminished in COUP-TFII-depleted Leydig cells, indicating an important functional role in steroidogenesis. Until now, only a handful of target genes have been identified for COUP-TFII in Leydig cells. To provide new information into the mechanism of action of COUP-TFII in Leydig cells, we performed microarray analyses of COUP-TFII-depleted MA-10 Leydig cells. We identified 262 differentially expressed genes in COUP-TFII-depleted MA-10 cells. Many of the differentially expressed genes are known to be involved in lipid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, male gonad development, and steroidogenesis. We validated the microarray data for a subset of the modulated genes by RT-qPCR. Downregulated genes included hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (Hsd3b1), cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (Cyp11a1), prolactin receptor (Prlr), nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 (Shp/Nr0b2), ferredoxin 1 (Fdx1), scavenger receptor class B, member 1 (Scarb1), inhibin alpha (Inha), and glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 (Gsta3). Finally, analysis of the Gsta3 and Inha gene promoters showed that at least two of the downregulated genes are potentially new direct targets for COUP-TFII. These data provide new evidence that further strengthens the important nature of COUP-TFII in steroidogenesis, androgen homeostasis, cellular defense, and differentiation in mouse Leydig cells.
The National Academies Report on Sexually Transmitted Infections: Implications for Clinical Training, Licensing, and Practice Guidelines
Authors: Guilamo-Ramos Vincent , Thimm-Kaiser Marco , Benzekri Adam , Mead Aimee , Hook Edward W , Rietmeijer Cornelis A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a sizable, longstanding, and growing challenge and a national public health priority. A recent National Academies report outlines new directions for STI prevention and control, including the adoption of a new sexual health paradigm and broader ownership and accountability for addressing sexual health and STIs among diverse clinical and nonclinical actors. These recommendations have important implications for infectious disease providers with STI and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expertise. As part of the envisioned shift toward greater prioritization of sexual health across systems for healthcare and health promotion, STI and HIV specialty providers will need to increasingly take on responsibilities as leaders in the provision of STI-related training; provision of technical assistance; and alignment of clinical training curricula, licensing criteria, and practice guidelines for healthcare generalists.