bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of polymer performance for tertiary oil recovery in oil field
Authors: Liu Xiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polymer flooding is an important technology for enhancing the recovery of underground crude oil, and it is currently the most widely used technology for enhancing recovery in China. The main principle of polymer flooding is to increase the viscosity of injected water through a water-soluble polymer, thereby improving the mobility ratio, expanding the swept volume, and increasing the oil recovery rate and crude oil recovery factor. The viscosity-increasing performance of the polymer solution is the most important parameter of its oil displacement characteristics. The main factors that affect the viscosity of the polymer are the molecular structure, molecular weight, concentration, the salinity of formation water or injected water, temperature, and formation shear. Therefore, the viscosity-increasing performance, salt resistance, and shear resistance of the polymer are evaluated. Through indoor experiments under target reservoir conditions, the viscosity-concentration curves of four polymers A, B, C, and D are measured, and the viscosity data before and after shearing of the polymer as well as the viscosity of the polymer at different salinities are obtained. The results show that, considering the viscosity-increasing performance, shear resistance, salt resistance and quality control of the polymer, under the experimental conditions, the recommended sequence of the 4 polymers is: A, C, D, and B.
Application of composite foundation in marine environment
Authors: Xu Zhi Xiong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Under the marine environment, most of the underground projects will be eroded by the corrosive materials in varying degrees, which will lead to the deterioration of engineering materials, The reduction of structural strength, and affect the normal use and service life of the project; the rich sea water in the marine environment is often the premise of the smooth implementation of the underground projects, And the chaotic scouring of the intertidal sea water will affect the underground structure It has great influence on the strength of concrete. Generally, the measures taken for underground structure concrete include: improving concrete grade according to environmental category, adding admixtures, reducing water cement ratio, increasing compactness, etc. to improve concrete performance, anti-seepage, anti freezing, anti carbonization, anti-corrosion performance, increasing concrete protective layer thickness, brushing anti-corrosion materials, etc. to extend concrete durability; the measures taken for reinforcement include: coating epoxy resin, mixing anti rust agent, etc They can protect the concrete of underground structure to a certain extent, and the relevant specifications have corresponding provisions on it, but only qualitative provisions, the real effectiveness and validity period are unknown, the durability of the structure leaves long-term hidden danger, and also leads to the increase of construction cost. In marine environment, the foundation treatment under complex geological conditions can provide reliable working face for the construction of underground structure, eliminate the adverse impact of marine environment on the concrete of underground structure, and provide guarantee for improving the durability of concrete.
High resolution analysis based on deconvolution and matching pursuit
Authors: Sun Huajun , Qiong Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The complexity of seismic exploration targets makes the exploration process more difficult and requires higher resolution of seismic data. Singular Methodology (inverse Q filtering, spectrum shaping, etc.) is limited in improving the resolution of seismic data and cannot meet the requirements of data interpretation. In this regard, combining time-varying frequency division deconvolution and matching pursuit (MP) methods, first perform time varying frequency division deconvolution processing on the original signal, and then use matching pursuit to remove the strong reflection seismic event and reconstruct the signal. Which can reflect the characteristics of reservoirs. By testing analog signals, deconvolution and matching pursuit methods improve the signal resolution. In the actual seismic data analysis, the comprehensive use of several methods can better identify the distribution characteristics of the effective tight carbonate reservoirs, and correspond well with the actual geological structure and drilling data. Which also provides a reference basis for further capacity analysis.
Oxidation-reduction state of lithospheric mantle in northern Xingmeng orogenic belt
Authors: Li Huaibin , Jinlai Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Xingmeng orogenic belt is located in the eastern part of East Asian orogenic belt, which is a typical area of superimposition and reconstruction of multiple tectonic systems. Spinel peridotite captives have been found in Nuo Min and Kolo areas in the north of Xingmeng orogenic belt. The olivine Mg# of lherzolite is 0.895 ∼ 0.911, which is slightly smaller than that of lherzolite (0.912 ∼ 0.928), and the high Mg# of lherzolite also indicates that the upper mantle in the study area is refractory. The lherzolite and lherzolite in the study area show high fO2 values, FMQ+1.947 ∼ 3.145, which is in sharp contrast with the relatively reduced ancient lithospheric mantle facies in general. The fundamental reason may be that the Paleozoic ancient Asian Ocean and the Mesozoic ancient Pacific Ocean successively subducted under the Xingmeng orogenic belt, resulting in the sharp rise of fO2 in the lithospheric mantle at that time.
Numerical simulation of the relationship between resistivity and microscopic pore structure of sandstone
Authors: Li Yuteng , Zhao Jiajia , Fao Tao , Liu Lei , Fang Zhe , Tian Xiaochao , Xiongwei Qu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe microscopic pore structure of the sandstone rock layer determines the water richness and permeability of the rock layer. Mastering the relationship between the resistivity of the sandstone rock layer and the microscopic pore structure is an important way to evaluate the water richness of the water-bearing rock layer from qualitative analysis to quantitative calculation. Using the finite element method to study the basic single and double modal structures in the sandstone layer of constant current field, the matrix resistivity, pore throat water resistivity, pore shape and difference in single sand model, pore throat model and capillary model are studied. The relationship between the direction of the current and the resistivity of the rock layer. The results show that the resistivity of the sandstone rock layer changes with the change of the matrix resistivity and has a linear relationship. When the contrast ratio between the sand and the matrix resistivity is between 10−1and 10, the resistivity of the rock layer changes linearly with the resistivity of the sand; when the contrast ratio is greater than 10, the influence of the resistivity of the matrix is smaller. And when the contrast is greater than 103, the resistivity of the rock layer tends to be constant; when the contrast is less than 10−2, the smaller the resistivity of the sand grains, the smaller the effect on the resistivity of the rock layer, and when the contrast is less than 10−3, the resistivity of the rock layer tends to constant. Since the water in the sandstone rock layer is the main conductive medium, when the water resistivity is fixed, the smaller the water saturation or the smaller the porosity, the smaller the pores through which water can flow and the greater the resistivity of the sandstone formation. When the microstructures of the horizontal and vertical rock layers are different, different transmitting and receiving electrode layouts have a greater impact on the resistivity of the rock layer, and the different microstructures lead to electrical anisotropy of the rock layer. The research results of this paper lay the foundation for the analysis of the relationship between the more complex sandstone rock model resistivity and micro-pore structure, and the quantitative calculation of the water richness of the sandstone rock layer.
Research on Faults Slip Rate in Weihe Basin based on GPS Data
Authors: Zhang Yongqi , Zhang Yuxiang , Cao Jianping , Ding Xiaoguang , Han Meitao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the GPS data from 2001 to 2011 in Shaanxi Province, a three-dimensional geometric model of faults in Weihe Basin is constructed. Based on the deep fault dislocation model, the present slip rate of main faults in Weihe basin is studied. The results show that: (1) The place with large GPS fitting residual is located at the junction of two faults. (2) The slip rate inversion of most faults is consistent with the geological results, but the slip rate of some faults is quite different from the geological results, and even the movement mode changes. (3) In general, the activity of faults in Weihe Basin is relatively weak. Relatively speaking, the current tensile slip rates of Weihe fault, Chang’an-Lintong fault and eastern segment of northern Qinling fault are relatively high, which are (1.20 ± 0.87∼1.69 ± 1.24) mm/a, 2.54 ± 0.94 mm/a, 0.63 ± 1.00 mm/a, respectively.
Numerical Simulation on Failure Rules of Overburden Strata in Shallow Coal Seam
Authors: Senlin Huang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mining, under the condition of the shallow coal seam, the thick loose beds and the thin base rock in Shendong mining area in Shaanxi province of China, makes the surface subsidence take on the situation of the discontinuous falling crack failure. A great deal of analysis and research indicates that the crack damage is controlled by the key strata in the overburden strata. Therefore, the key for solving the control of mining damage under this condition is to research the rules of the key stratum failure in the shallow seam. Taking 1203 longwall face in Daliuta mine of Shendong mining area as the example, the paper studies the relationship between the stability condition of the key stratum structure and the mining damage, supplying the theoretic evidence for the environmental protection and the confirmation of the reasonable and economical controlled mining methods in Shendong mining area.
Construction of Deposit Model-oriented Knowledge Graph
Authors: Qun Yan , Linfu Xue , Zeyu Liu , Xin Gao , Rui Wang , Junhao Dai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It has become a hot research direction under the background of artificial intelligence to effectively organize geological big data and to mine corresponding potential value. The knowledge graph, as a new form of knowledge representation, can effectively organize and represent data. This paper presents the deposit model ontology according to the triune framework of “ ore-forming geological body, ore-forming structure and structural plane, and mineralization mark” by centering on the deposit model, sets up the knowledge graph with the “branch intersection, top-down action and step-by-step layering” method, expresses and mines big data for geological text in the form of knowledge graph, and establishes a special knowledge graph for deposit model with semantic processing capacity and open interconnection capacity, providing a routine to match geological data from new perspective and showing the integrity and relevance of genesis features of deposits on deeper level. The results show this method can effectively realize semantic correlation and constraints between deposit model ontology, as well as retrieval and reasoning of correlation objects, and prove the usefulness of the research workflow in this paper.
Seismic Velocity Modeling in the Northwest Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Lu Wenchao , Li Gang , Zhao Bin , Zhang Baojin , Gu Yuan , Li Yan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Accurate seismic velocity can determine the depth, dip angle and location of the stratum, and study the properties of rocks and pore fluid, such as rock density, reservoir location, gas hydrate anomaly and deep tectonic characteristics. The South China Sea (SCS) has special tectonic location and complex evolution history, which has always been the focus of geologists and geophysicists. At the same time, the SCS is rich in oil/gas resources, and is one of the four major marine oil-gas accumulation zones in the world. In this paper, three-dimensional velocity modeling was carried out in northwest Pearl River Mouth Basin of the SCS based on the three-dimensional geological framework model. Minimum Curvature Interpolation was used in the three-dimensional velocity modeling. Results showed that the three-dimensional velocity model can visually display sedimentary boundary and basin basement. The geological framework model makes the lateral velocity change of strata more in line with the actual geological structure. Considering the key role of the underground layer velocity in the exploration of oil, gas, hydrate and lower-crustal structure, it will be of great scientific and resources significance to carry out the three-dimensional velocity modeling research in the SCS.
Seismic stratigraphy analysis of main controlling factors of Lower Wuerhe Formation reservoir in Manan area
Authors: Jiang Qingping , Zhu Zhengping , Chang Tianquan , Li Sheng , Xiong Qian , Zhou Yang , Liu Kai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fan delta sedimentary reservoirs developed in the Lower Wuerhe Formation of the Manan Slope in the Mahu Sag of the Jungger Basin have good prospects for oil and gas exploration and development. In order to clarify the high-quality reservoir system and the distribution range of the reservoir plane, a seismic stratigraphic interpretation of the Lower Wuerhe Formation is carried out in combination with geology, logging and 3D seismic data. The Lower Wuerhe Formation is divided into three stratigraphic series, a total of 8 four-level sequences, and 8 water body lifting cycles. Through seismic wave group and sedimentary evolution analysis, combined with pseudo-acoustic impedance amplitude and production test analysis, the high-quality oil-bearing reservoirs of the Lower Wuerhe Formation are mainly the third member of the Lower Wuerhe Formation. Oil-bearing reservoirs are mainly controlled by sedimentary facies belts caused by the ups and downs of water bodies. The well-developed oil-bearing reservoirs are developed in the fan delta plain-fan delta front-shore shallow lake sedimentary system.
Application of Gravity-flowed Convey Technology by Pipeline at Great Times Line for High Concentration Backfill Slurry
Authors: Sun Kaihua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to realize the gravity-flowed convey of high concentration backfill slurry of aeolian sand at 15 times line, the industrial test on convey by high concentration slurry backfill pipeline is carried out based on the calculation and analysis of backfill pipeline with respect to the design of the backfill pipeline and the critical velocity of slurry in Yuyang Coal Mine. The calculation and test results show that the high concentration aeolian sand backfill slurry has good fluidity, which drops markedly when the slurry concentration exceeds 72%. In order to achieve gravity-flowed convey of backfill slurry, it must be subject to an upper limit of concentration of 75%; The critical velocity of backfill slurry convey in Yuyang Coal Mine is 1.19m/s, with an operating velocity of 4.19m/s, which is 3.5 times of the critical velocity. With a maximum conveying capacity of backfill pipeline of 396m3/h, and high reliability in the pipeline convey of slurry, the great times line gravity-flowed convey of high concentration backfill slurry with aeolian sand as aggregate is achieved.
Composite of amorphous silica encapsulated urea as a slow-release fertilizer
Authors: Idris M , Sutarno  , Rusdiarso B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Composite of amorphous silica encapsulated urea as a slow-release fertilizer has been performed. Amorphous silica was obtained from dealumination of natural clay by the reflux method using HCl 6M. Encapsulation composite was prepared with amorphous silica mass variations of 0.50; 0.75; 1,00; 1.50; and 2.00 g. The preparation of encapsulation composite aimed to study the effect of amorphous silica mass on compressive strength and water absorption of composite. The XRD data showed that the dealumination process was successfully prepared by the formation of an amorphous diffraction pattern. The dealumination process was also supported by EDX data that indicated a decrease in the percentage of Al atomic weight from 11.29 to 0.36%. The optimum compressive strength and water absorption results were obtained at amorphous silica mass of 0.75 g with values of 5.40 MPa and 42.60%, respectively. The kinetics model followed the pseudo-second order for urea as a control and Korsmeyer-Peppas for composite of amorphous silica encapsulated urea with rate values of 0.847 mg−1 hour−n and 0.012 mg−1 hour−1, respectively.
Fabrication of magnetic activated carbon from spent coffee ground by hydrothermal synthesis for methylene blue removal
Authors: Rizkiana M F , Hidayatullah  , Rosalina A , Fachri B A , Harada H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spent coffee ground-based magnetic activated carbon (MSC) was prepared using hydrothermal synthesis and utilized for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB). The MSC was made using the following conditions: the molar ratio of ferrous/ferric ions was 1:1.5, the hydrothermal treatment at 126°C for 2 h. The prepared MSC was investigated for surface morphology and chemical structure using FTIR and SEM. Batch adsorption studies were performed at 308 K; 318 K and MB concentration of 50-400 mg L−1 to evaluate the adsorption behaviour. The results showed as follows: there were C=O, C=C, C-O, Fe-O groups on the MSC surface and magnetite existed in the pores and surfaces of the MSC. Sorption behaviour at different temperatures were evaluated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin models, confirming Freundlich model was fitted on MSC. First and second order kinetic models were tested and the data fitted the first order behaviour. The adsorption process was a spontaneous, endothermic, and more reactive upon raising the temperature. After adsorption, MSC could be separated by applying magnetic field. Magnetic removal would allow convenient tool for adsorbent separation from contaminated water.
Synthesis and characterization of graphene-like material derived from sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Ariyanti Dessy , Lesdantina Dina , Budiyono  , Satriadi Hantoro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The superior ability of graphene has attracted much interest in both its development and application in various field. Graphene has been developed as material for a precursor for fabricating transparent conductive films, absorbents for environmental application, filler or additive in bioplastics, and many other applications. Graphene can be generated from carbon-based materials such as wood charcoal, sawdust, coconut shells, bagasse, rice husk, old tires, polymer-based waste, and cellulose. In this research, graphene is synthesized via Hummers route using carbon of sugarcane bagasse as raw materials. Parameter such as various addition of KMnO4 (5,10,15 gr) is observed. The characterization of the graphene such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the different implication of the parameter applied during the production process. The results show that the graphene-like materials exhibit similar characteristics as published in previous works in term of crystalline structures, morphology, and its chemical bonding characteristics which can be used for diverse application as demonstrates by graphene derived from graphite exfoliation followed by reduction.
Prediction of Kappa number and carbohydrate degradation in oxygen delignification of Abaca fiber
Authors: Bazliah Dinda , Wulansari Safitri , Darmawan Aria , Idzati Eka Maulana , Ni’mah Hikmatun , Roesyadi Achmad , Kurniawansyah Firman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Abaca banana fiber (Musa textilis) is a source of non-wood fiber that can be used as material in the manufacture of pulp. Oxygen delignification is a process to reduce lignin content in pulp with Kappa numbers as parameters. In addition, carbohydrate degradation also occurs which is indicated by the value of viscosity. The purpose of this study is to predict the decrease in Kappa number, to predict carbohydrate degradation, and to determine the best operating condition based on prediction data obtained from the kinetic reaction model. Comparison between experimental data and prediction data was also analyzed. The prediction of Kappa number was started by developing kinetic model of oxygen delignification from experimental data, in which the rate of Kappa number reduction is dependent to temperature, hydroxy ion concentration, and oxygen pressure with specific reaction order of each species. Similar steps were done for predicting carbohydrate degradation. Prediction of Kappa number and carbohydrate degradation was done at various operating conditions, which are: oxygen pressures (2–5 bar), temperatures (70–100 oC), sodium hydroxide concentrations (NaOH) (1–5%), and heating times (0–120 min). The prediction results showed that the best operating conditions were at pressure of 2 bar, temperature of 85°C, 1% of NaOH for 56.6 min with a viscosity of 878.52 ml/g. This study also performed that the experimental data were fitted well with the prediction data.
Mass Transfer and Reaction in Hydrolysis of Coconut Husk Using Immobilized Enzyme on Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticle
Authors: Putri N F , Dwinanda M R G , Widjaja A , Hamzah A , Sangian H F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A more sustainable energy source is needed to fulfill the increasing demand for energy. In Indonesia, biomass waste utilization as biofuel source shows high potential. Coconut husk is a biomass comprised of cellulose and hemicellulose that can converted to reducing sugar through enzymatic hydrolysis and can be further converted into biofuel. However, enzymatic hydrolysis is expensive, as enzyme is soluble and cannot be separated after use. Immobilization is a technique where an enzyme is trapped onto an insoluble inert support material so that the enzyme can be recovered and reused. Chitosan magnetic nanoparticles (CMNP) are used in this experiment as the support as it is cheap and readily available. Since coconut husk is insoluble, mass transfer phenomena remains a major bottleneck in hydrolysis due to limitations in the substrate to enzyme accessibility, especially when the enzyme is immobilized on an insoluble material like CMNP. If only mass transfer resistance is accounted, hydrolysis only occurs on the enzyme particles’ surface. The mass transfer coefficients obtained are 0.0000723, 0.0368, 0.0295 in respect of A. niger cellulase, T. reesei cellulase, and T. longibrachiatum xilanase. Higher coefficients values contribute proportionally to higher yield. If the reaction is assumed to occur uniformly within the spherical immobilized enzyme, then the substrate will diffuse molecularly through the enzyme, where internal mass transfer is no longer negligible. Thiele’s Modulus obtained are 2.197, 0.0368, 0.0795 in respect of A. niger cellulase, T. reseei cellulase, and T. longibrachiatum xilanase. A smaller value in Thiele’s Modulus (ϕ ≤ 1) shows that diffusion occurs at a faster rate than the enzymatic reaction.