bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocrosslinked Bioreducible Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhanced Systemic siRNA Delivery as Cancer Therapy
Authors: Karlsson Johan , Tzeng Stephany Y. , Hemmati Shayan , Luly Kathryn M. , Choi Olivia , Rui Yuan , Wilson David R. , Kozielski Kristen L. , Quiñones‐Hinojosa Alfredo , Green Jordan J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClinical translation of polymer‐based nanocarriers for systemic delivery of RNA has been limited due to poor colloidal stability in the blood stream and intracellular delivery of the RNA to the cytosol. To address these limitations, this study reports a new strategy incorporating photocrosslinking of bioreducible nanoparticles for improved stability extracellularly and rapid release of RNA intracellularly. In this design, the polymeric nanocarriers contain ester bonds for hydrolytic degradation and disulfide bonds for environmentally triggered small interfering RNA (siRNA) release in the cytosol. These photocrosslinked bioreducible nanoparticles (XbNPs) have a shielded surface charge, reduced adsorption of serum proteins, and enable superior siRNA‐mediated knockdown in both glioma and melanoma cells in high‐serum conditions compared to non‐crosslinked formulations. Mechanistically, XbNPs promote cellular uptake and the presence of secondary and tertiary amines enables efficient endosomal escape. Following systemic administration, XbNPs facilitate targeting of cancer cells and tissue‐mediated siRNA delivery beyond the liver, unlike conventional nanoparticle‐based delivery. These attributes of XbNPs facilitate robust siRNA‐mediated knockdown in vivo in melanoma tumors colonized in the lungs following systemic administration. Thus, biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles, via photocrosslinking, demonstrate extended colloidal stability and efficient delivery of RNA therapeutics under physiological conditions, and thereby potentially advance systemic delivery technologies for nucleic acid‐based therapeutics.
Preparation of Polycrystalline‐Mixed Graphene Film with Benzene Solution by Electromagnetic Induction for Application in Metal Corrosion Protection
Authors: Chen Wei , Wu Chaoxing , Guo Tailiang , Hu Hailong , Li Fushan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetals used in the electronics, machinery manufacturing, and construction industry are often chemically reactive and corrosion‐prone, while barriers on a metal as a conventional method for anticorrosion always have negative effects including a toxic nature, thickness increase over time, and changes of electrical and optical properties after surface coating. This study employs a benzene solution to induce a rapid formation of a polycrystalline graphene film on copper foils or iron sheet substrates under atmospheric conditions by electromagnetic induction, which is non‐toxic and environment‐friendly and produces favorable anticorrosive effects. The microscopic analysis shows that the as‐grown film is a polycrystalline graphene complex of graphene crystallites. It is revealed that the copper foils or iron sheets with the graphene film is significantly resistant to strong corrosion, with the corrosion current density is one order of magnitude lower when compared with samples without the graphene films. The polycrystalline structure of the graphene film can prevent the electronic conduction of the surface, thereby reducing corrosion and local over‐corrosion phenomena when metals are situated in a long‐term exposure to corrosive environments.
Lubricant Depletion‐Resistant Slippery Liquid‐Infused Porous Surfaces via Capillary Rise Lubrication of Nanowire Array
Authors: Tran Hong‐Huy , Kim Youngjin , Ternon Céline , Langlet Michel , Riassetto David , Lee Daeyeon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite their promise in diverse applications, lubricant depletion over time presents an important challenge for slippery lubricant‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). The main source of lubricant depletion is the growth of a wetting ridge around a droplet of foreign liquid that removes the infused lubricant from the porous surface when the droplet slides off. This work describes the fabrication of liquid‐infused ZnO nanowire array by capillary rise lubrication and the effect of array morphology on suppressing wetting ridge formation. The orientation of nanowires strongly affects lubricant infiltration and the stability of SLIPS properties. The infiltrated lubricant in random ZnO nanowire arrays does not form a visible wetting ridge around a water droplet because of the strong capillarity that retains the lubricant confined in the nanoporous structure. The lack of wetting ridge gives rise to a stable SLIPS that exhibits self‐recovery of the infused lubricant. Such a structure retains lubricant under a strong centrifugal force, showing high stability. This study provides a straightforward, robust, and potentially scalable approach for making stable SLIPS that suppresses lubricant depletion by taking advantage of the unique morphology of the random nanowire arrays and capillary rise lubrication.
Rapid Fabrication of Superhydrophilic Micro/Nanostructured Nickel Foam Toward High‐Performance Glucose Sensor
Authors: Gao Xiaohui , Feng Wenshuai , Zhu Zhuo , Wu Zhipeng , Li Shi , Kan Shuting , Qiu Xiaoqing , Guo Aimin , Chen Wei , Yin Kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPorous materials with micro/nanostructures have demonstrated intriguing performance in glucose sensor. However, current methods have been limited to complex, time‐consuming, and toxic manufacturing process or unsatisfactory performance, which hugely restricts its practical applications. Herein, for the first time, a fast, simple, and nonpollution femtosecond laser direct writing technology is proposed to fabricate high‐performance glucose sensor. The as‐prepared nickel foam exhibits micro/nanostructures with superhydrophilic property, resulting in superior electrochemical sensing performance toward glucose. The sensitivity is determined to be 13.822 mA cm−2 mM−1 with the detection limit of 1.9 × 10−6 m, outperforming the results from the most, previously reported works. Meanwhile, the excellent selectivity for glucose detection is also demonstrated in the presence of interferences. This work is an attractive candidate for fast fabrication and designing of high‐performance glucose sensor.
Synthesis of Gram‐Scale Ultrastable Mn‐Doped 2D Perovskites for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hou Lu , Zhu Yihua , Zhu Jingrun , Li Xuyan , Zeng Feng , Yang Tingyu , Gong Yiqin , Shen Jianhua , Li Chunzhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMn‐doped 2D perovskites are emerging as good candidates for light‐emitting applications due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Major synthetic routes, solid‐state grinding and high‐temperature solution synthesis, are extensively studied to prepare Mn‐doped 2D perovskites. However, complicated synthesis, small‐scale yields, and poor‐stability impede their widespread applications. Herein, a one‐step acid‐solution‐assisted method is exhibited for gram‐scale production of Mn‐doped 2D (C8H17NH2)2PbBr4 with a solid yield of 1.35 g products out of 3 mL solvent. After Mn‐doped 2D (C8H17NH2)2PbBr4 being stored in the air for 90 days, the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of powders has minor changes, showing good stability. Phosphor‐converted monochrome light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated. After the LEDs work 6 h under a voltage of 3 V, their PL spectra have no obvious change, showing a great potential in optoelectronic devices. This study provides a new effective strategy for large‐scale synthesis of ultrastable Mn‐doped 2D perovskites, which is expected to provide inspiration for the industrial optoelectronic applications of perovskites.
Self‐Assembled Nanorods and Microspheres for Functional Photonics: Retroreflector Meets Microlens Array
Authors: Chu Guang , Chen Feng , Zhao Bin , Zhang Xue , Zussman Eyal , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPatterned micro/nanomaterials display efficient light management capabilities owing to their control of light propagation within multiscale periodic structures. Here a hierarchical photonic structure composed of polystyrene microspheres and cholesteric assembly of cellulose nanocrystals is described, acting as a polarization‐sensitive retroreflective coating and microlens array. Micropatterned photonic films are prepared by casting an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspension onto a monolayer of polystyrene microspheres substrate through evaporation‐assisted transfer imprinting lithography, integrating a bulk cholesteric matrix and patterned surface. By directing light at the as‐assembled polystyrene surface, an enhanced structural color develops from the circularly polarized light retroreflection. Whereas when light travelling across the photonic film, the transparent layer of polystyrene microspheres forms into plano‐convex microlens to converge the transmitted light into the focus plane and reduce centimeter‐scale illuminated image into a high‐fidelity miniaturized replica. This simple method, combining self‐assembly with imprinting lithography, is expected to pave the way for designing custom‐tailored optics with novel functions.
A 1,4‐Palladium Migration/Heck Sequence with Unactivated Alkenes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Xue Ze‐Jian , Li Meng‐Yao , Zhu Bin‐Bin , He Zhi‐Tao , Feng Chen‐Guo , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of ortho‐vinyl aromatic bromides and olefins was achieved through a controllable 1,4‐palladium migration/Heck cascade protocol. The reaction represents a mild, efficient and highly stereoselective method for the synthesis of trisubstituted 1,3‐dienes, especially for triaryl‐substituted ones.magnified image
Drug Repurposing of Itraconazole and Estradiol Benzoate against COVID‐19 by Blocking SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein‐Mediated Membrane Fusion
Authors: Yang Chan , Pan Xiaoyan , Huang Yuan , Cheng Chen , Xu Xinfeng , Wu Yan , Xu Yunxia , Shang Weijuan , Niu Xiaoge , Wan Yihong , Li Zhaofeng , Zhang Rong , Liu Shuwen , Xiao Gengfu , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 caused the emerging epidemic of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID‐19). To date, there are more than 82.9 million confirmed cases worldwide, there is no clinically effective drug against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The conserved properties of the membrane fusion domain of the spike (S) protein across SARS‐CoV‐2 make it a promising target to develop pan‐CoV therapeutics. Herein, two clinically approved drugs, Itraconazole (ITZ) and Estradiol benzoate (EB), are found to inhibit viral entry by targeting the six‐helix (6‐HB) fusion core of SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein. Further studies shed light on the mechanism that ITZ and EB can interact with the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) region of the spike protein, to present anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in vitro, indicating they are novel potential therapeutic remedies for COVID‐19 treatment. Furthermore, ITZ shows broad‐spectrum activity targeting 6‐HB in the S2 subunit of SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV S protein, inspiring that ITZ have the potential for development as a pan‐coronavirus fusion inhibitor.
Regulation of ID4 In Vivo for Efficient Magnetothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Dai Penggao , Zhu Wenjing , Yan Bin , Miao Yuqing , Hu Shanshuang , Gao Xiao , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Yifan , Li Galong , Zhang Tingbin , Zhang Huan , Fan Haiming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) mediated magnetothermal therapy (MTT) has been proven as a promising modality for tumor treatment. However, the low therapeutic efficacy presents a major obstacle to its mass adoption. The Authors proposed to increase the therapeutic efficacy of MTT through the manipulation of magnetothermal‐related gene expression. ID4, a member of inhibitors of differentiation (ID) protein family, is identified to be downregulated in intracellular MTT (in‐MTT)‐treated MCF‐7 breast cancer cells according to the whole transcriptome sequencing. Interestingly, this occurrence is not observed in the exogenous MTT‐treated cells. More importantly, ID4‐silenced tumor cells show significantly decreased cell viability after in‐MTT, whereas ID4‐overexpressed cells exhibit more resistance to the MTT. This effect is also observed in other malignant breast cells derived from the human mammary gland. Furthermore, ID4 siRNA‐loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are developed and delivered them to breast cancer xenografted nude mice. It is found that the synergistic combination of ID4 gene silencing and in‐MTT greatly inhibited the tumor growth and the efficacy of tumor volume inhibition is > 98%. This study, for the first time, provides the possibility of the sensitization of breast cancer cells for efficient MTT via molecular manipulation of cell signaling.
Lytic Polyplex Vaccines Enhance Antigen‐Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response through Induction of Local Cell Death
Authors: Peeler David J. , Yen Albert , Luera Nicholas , Stayton Patrick S. , Pun Suzie H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEndosomolytic vaccine nanocarriers can potentiate cellular immune responses by enhancing cross‐presentation. A cationic polymer–lytic peptide conjugate (VIPER) that greatly improves endosomal escape and intracellular activity of nucleic acid cargoes is recently developed; furthermore, it is hypothesized that VIPER's unique mechanism of endosomal disruption can increase cytoplasmic delivery of other biomacromolecules (e.g., peptides). Herein, VIPER is formulated as a polyplex subunit vaccine composed of conjugated peptide antigens and electrostatically complexed poly(I:C) nucleic acid adjuvant and is evaluated to determine whether the presence of the lytic peptide melittin conjugated to the pH‐responsive micelle core improves vaccination outcomes. Although VIPER delivers peptide antigens intracellularly, disrupts endosomes in antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in vitro, and generates strong antigen‐specific cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo, significantly enhanced cross‐presentation is only observed in conjunction with VIPER‐induced local cell death. While these results demonstrate that VIPER is a useful platform technology for the study of vaccine delivery, full elucidation of how endosomal disruption by VIPER improves vaccination outcomes will require decoupling of endosomolysis from cytotoxicity, as well as precise targeting of VIPER vaccine formulations to APC populations in vivo.
Superstructured Biomaterials Formed by Exchange Dynamics and Host–Guest Interactions in Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Edelbrock Alexandra N. , Clemons Tristan D. , Chin Stacey M. , Roan Joshua J. W. , Bruckner Eric P. , Álvarez Zaida , Edelbrock Jack F. , Wek Kristen S. , Stupp Samuel I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDynamic and reversible assembly of molecules is ubiquitous in the hierarchical superstructures of living systems and plays a key role in cellular functions. Recent work from the laboratory reported on the reversible formation of such superstructures in systems of peptide amphiphiles conjugated to oligonucleotides and electrostatically complimentary peptide sequences. Here, a supramolecular system is reported upon where exchange dynamics and host–guest interactions between β‐cyclodextrin and adamantane on peptide amphiphiles lead to superstructure formation. Superstructure formation with bundled nanoribbons generates a mechanically robust hydrogel with a highly porous architecture that can be 3D printed. Functionalization of the porous superstructured material with a biological signal results in a matrix with significant in vitro bioactivity toward neurons that could be used as a supramolecular model to design novel biomaterials.
Electronic Structure Engineering of Honeycomb Layered Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Voronina Natalia , Kim Hee Jae , Konarov Aishuak , Yaqoob Najma , Lee Kug‐Seung , Kaghazchi Payam , Guillon Olivier , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, the rational design of O′3‐type Na[Ni2/3−xCoxSb1/3]O2, a solid solution of Na[Ni2/3Sb1/3]O2–Na[Co2/3Sb1/3]O2, is introduced. Because of the difficulty of the Co3+/2+ redox reaction, the electronic structures of Na[Ni2/3−xCoxSb1/3]O2 compounds are engineered to build electroconducting networks in the oxide matrix through electrochemical oxidation of Co2+ to Co3+, after which the formed Co3+ does not participate in the electrochemical reaction but improves the electrical conductivity in the structure. Density functional theory calculations reveal a reduced bandgap energy after the formation of Co3+ during desodiation of Na1−y[Ni2/3−xCoxSb1/3]O2. Using the oxidized Co3+ species while improving the electrical conductivity, the Na[Ni2/3−xCoxSb1/3]O2 (x = 1/6) electrode exhibits excellent cyclability for 1000 cycles with ≈72.5% capacity retention at 2C (400 mA g−1) and activity even at 50C (10 A g−1) in Na cells. Operando X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure investigations reveal suppressed lattice variations upon charge and discharge compared with those of Na[Ni2/3Sb1/3]O2 achieved by the presence of the electrochemical‐driven Co3+ in the structure. These findings offer a new strategy for the development of cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries, providing important insight into their structural transformations and the electronic nature of advanced cathode materials.
Injuries and illnesses to children in commercial fishing in Alaska: A brief report
Authors: Rudolphi Josie M. , Berg Richard L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommercial fishing is the most hazardous occupation in the United States. While the epidemiology of adult injuries and fatalities are well documented, injuries to children (<18 years old) are not described. The purpose of this report was to describe the characteristics of nonfatal injuries to children involved in commercial fishing.MethodsNonfatal commercial fishing injuries to children were identified in the Alaska Fishermen's Fund. The Alaska Fishermen's Fund is an emergency fund payor of last resort. Data on nonfatal injuries to victims aged 17 or younger were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize demographics and injury characteristics.ResultsForty‐four nonfatal child injury claims were made between 2012 and 2016. The mean age at the time of claim was 15.6 years (SD = 1.8) and 84% were male. The most common types of injuries among children were sprains and strains and the most commonly injured body parts were upper extremities and the trunk. Most injuries occurred in salmon fisheries.ConclusionsChildren are participating in commercial fishing. Based on the results of this analysis, children are also experiencing occupational injuries. The results of this analysis underscore the need for additional safety and health information, guidance for supervisors, and intervention to prevent injuries to children participating in commercial fishing.
Case report of adrenocortical carcinoma associated with double germline mutations in MSH2 and RET
Authors: Raygada Margarita , Raffeld Mark , Bernstein Andrew , Miettinen Markku , Glod John , Hughes Marybeth S. , Reilly Karlyne , Widemann Brigitte , Del Rivero Jaydira 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare aggressive malignancy that originates in the outer layer of the adrenal gland. Most ACCs are sporadic, but a small percentage of cases are due to hereditary cancer syndromes such as Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), Lynch syndrome (LS), and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is an inherited disorder that predisposes to medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid hyperplasia. We present here a case of ACC with both LS and MEN2A; the family and medical history were consistent with Lynch. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a patient with ACC associated with germline mutations in RET and MSH2, and no phenotypical characteristics of MEN2A.
Human burials at the Kisese II rockshelter, Tanzania
Authors: Laird Myra F. , Sawchuk Elizabeth A. , Kwekason Amandus , Mabulla Audax Z. P. , Ndiema Emmanuel , Tryon Christian A. , Lewis Jason E. , Ranhorn Kathryn L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe Late Pleistocene and early Holocene in eastern Africa are associated with complex evolutionary and demographic processes that contributed to the population variability observed in the region today. However, there are relatively few human skeletal remains from this time period. Here we describe six individuals from the Kisese II rockshelter in Tanzania that were excavated in 1956, present a radiocarbon date for one of the individuals, and compare craniodental morphological diversity among eastern African populations.Materials and MethodsThis study used standard biometric analyses to assess the age, sex, and stature of the Kisese II individuals. Eastern African craniodental morphological variation was assessed using measures of dental size and a subset of Howells' cranial measurements for the Kisese II individuals as well as early Holocene, early pastoralist, Pastoral Neolithic, and modern African individuals.ResultsOur results suggest a minimum of six individuals from the Kisese II collections with two adults and four juveniles. While the dating for most of the burials is uncertain, one individual is directly radiocarbon dated to ~7.1 ka indicating that at least one burial is early Holocene in age. Craniodental metric comparisons indicate that the Kisese II individuals extend the amount of human morphological diversity among Holocene eastern Africans.ConclusionsOur findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that Late Pleistocene and early Holocene eastern Africans exhibited relatively high amounts of morphological diversity. However, the Kisese II individuals suggest morphological similarity at localized sites potentially supporting increased regionalization during the early Holocene.
Chemical Reduction of a Nanosized [6]Cyclo‐2,7‐naphthylene Macrocycle
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Wei Zheng , Ikemoto Koki , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChemical reduction of a naphthylene macrocycle, [6]cyclo‐2,7‐naphthylene ([6]CNAP, 1), with alkali metals, Li and K, revealed the accessibility of the doubly‐reduced state of 1. The macrocyclic 12− anion was isolated in different coordination environments and crystallographically characterized. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction confirmed the formation of contact‐ion complexes with one Li+ and two K+ ions in THF, and a “naked” dianion in the solvent‐separated ion product with K+ ions in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 ether. The detailed structural analysis of 12− showed that the π‐conjugation over the biaryl linkages between naphthylene panels were enhanced upon two‐fold reduction, which was rationally explained by theoretical calculations.
Stimulierung eines redoxinduzierten Elektronentransfers durch Interligand‐Wasserstoffbrücken in einem Cobaltkomplex mit redoxaktivem Guanidin‐Liganden
Authors: Lohmeyer Lukas , Schön Florian , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDie ersten oktaedrisch koordinierten CoII‐Komplexe mit redoxaktivem Bisguanidin‐Liganden und acac‐Coliganden wurden synthetisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Redoxchemie analysiert. Die N‐H‐Funktionen in einem Bisguanidin‐Liganden mit partiell alkylierten Guanidino‐Gruppen bilden N‐H⋅⋅⋅O‐Brücken zu den acac‐Coliganden und beeinflussen dadurch stark die Redoxchemie. Bei allen Komplexen ist die erste 1 e−‐Oxidation metallzentriert und führt zu CoIII‐Komplexen mit neutralen Bisguanidin‐Ligandeneinheiten. Die zweite 1 e−‐Oxidation ist im Falle von Cobalt‐Bisguanidin‐Komplexen mit vollständig alkylierten Guanidino‐Gruppen ligandenzentriert; es resultieren CoIII‐Komplexe mit radikal‐monokationischen Bisguanidin‐Liganden. Bei der Oxidation eines Cobalt‐Bisguanidin‐Komplexes mit teilalkylierten Guanidino‐Gruppen kommt es dagegen durch die Verstärkung der Wasserstoffbrücken zu einer Metallreduktion (CoIII→CoII) und zu einer 2 e−‐Oxidation des Guanidin‐Liganden, dem ersten Beispiel für das Auslösen eines redoxinduzierten Elektronentransfers durch Interligand‐Wasserstoffbrücken.