bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Imaging of West African Crystalline Maculopathy in an Igbo Man
Authors: Umunakwe Obinna C. , Ali Mohsin H. , Bains Naina , Matthews John D. , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This report describes a case of West African crystalline maculopathy. Methods: A case report is presented. Results: A 71-year-old Nigerian man was referred for evaluation of bilateral crystalline retinal deposits seen on routine examination. The patient had no acute visual symptoms and no significant ocular history except for cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in both eyes. Dilated fundocscopic examination was notable for bilateral greenish-yellow, foveocentric intraretinal crystalline deposits, which were visible on color fundus photography, multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and spectral-domain optical coherance tomography. The crystalline deposits were not associated with abnormal short-wavelength autofluorescence or fluorescein angiography findings. Conclusions: A diagnosis of West African crystalline maculopathy was made after other causes of crystalline maculopathy were excluded.
Reduced free asparagine in wheat grain resulting from a natural deletion of TaASN-B2: investigating and exploiting diversity in the asparagine synthetase gene family to improve wheat quality
Authors: Oddy Joseph , Alarcón-Reverte Rocío , Wilkinson Mark , Ravet Karl , Raffan Sarah , Minter Andrea , Mead Andrew , Elmore J. Stephen , de Almeida Isabel Moreira , Cryer Nicholas C. , Halford Nigel G. , Pearce Stephen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the determinants of free asparagine concentration in wheat grain is necessary to reduce levels of the processing contaminant acrylamide in baked and toasted wheat products. Although crop management strategies can help reduce asparagine concentrations, breeders have limited options to select for genetic variation underlying this trait. Asparagine synthetase enzymes catalyse a critical step in asparagine biosynthesis in plants and, in wheat, are encoded by five homeologous gene triads that exhibit distinct expression profiles. Within this family,TaASN2genes are highly expressed during grain development butTaASN-B2is absent in some varieties.ResultsNatural genetic diversity in the asparagine synthetase gene family was assessed in different wheat varieties revealing instances of presence/absence variation and other polymorphisms, including some predicted to affect the function of the encoded protein. The presence and absence ofTaASN-B2was determined across a range of UK and global common wheat varieties and related species, showing that the deletion encompassing this gene was already present in some wild emmer wheat genotypes. Expression profiling confirmed thatTaASN2transcripts were only detectable in the grain, whileTaASN3.1genes were highly expressed during the early stages of grain development.TaASN-A2was the most highly expressedTaASN2homeologue in most assayed wheat varieties.TaASN-B2andTaASN-D2were expressed at similar, lower levels in varieties possessingTaASN-B2. Expression ofTaASN-A2andTaASN-D2did not increase to compensate for the absence ofTaASN-B2,so totalTaASN2expression was lower in varieties lackingTaASN-B2. Consequently, free asparagine concentrations in field-produced grain were, on average, lower in varieties lackingTaASN-B2, although the effect was lost when free asparagine accumulated to very high concentrations as a result of sulphur deficiency.ConclusionsSelecting wheat genotypes lacking theTaASN-B2gene may be a simple and rapid way for breeders to reduce free asparagine concentrations in commercial wheat grain.
The report of anthocyanins in the betalain-pigmented genus Hylocereus is not well evidenced and is not a strong basis to refute the mutual exclusion paradigm
Authors: Pucker Boas , Singh Hidam Bishworjit , Kumari Monika , Khan Mohammad Imtiyaj , Brockington Samuel F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere we respond to the paper entitled “Contribution of anthocyanin pathways to fruit flesh coloration in pitayas” (Fan et al., BMC Plant Biol 20:361, 2020). In this paper Fan et al. 2020 propose that the anthocyanins can be detected in the betalain-pigmented genus Hylocereus, and suggest they are responsible for the colouration of the fruit flesh. We are open to the idea that, given the evolutionary maintenance of fully functional anthocyanin synthesis genes in betalain-pigmented species, anthocyanin pigmentation might co-occur with betalain pigments, as yet undetected, in some species. However, in absence of the LC-MS/MS spectra and co-elution/fragmentation of the authentic standard comparison, the findings of Fan et al. 2020 are not credible. Furthermore, our close examination of the paper, and re-analysis of datasets that have been made available, indicate numerous additional problems. Namely, the failure to detect betalains in an untargeted metabolite analysis, accumulation of reported anthocyanins that does not correlate with the colour of the fruit, absence of key anthocyanin synthesis genes from qPCR data, likely mis-identification of key anthocyanin genes, unreproducible patterns of correlated RNAseq data, lack of gene expression correlation with pigmentation accumulation, and putative transcription factors that are weak candidates for transcriptional up-regulation of the anthocyanin pathway.
Frequent gain- and loss-of-function mutations of the BjMYB113 gene accounted for leaf color variation in Brassica juncea
Authors: An Guanghui , Chen Jiongjiong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important economic vegetable, and some cultivars have purple leaves and accumulate more anthocyanins than the green. The genetic and evolution of purple trait in mustard has not been well studied.

Result
In this study, free-hand sections and metabolomics showed that the purple leaves of mustard accumulated more anthocyanins than green ones. The gene controlling purple leaves in mustard, Mustard Purple Leaves (MPL), was genetically mapped and a MYB113-like homolog was identified as the candidate gene. We identified three alleles of the MYB113-like gene, BjMYB113a from a purple cultivar, BjMYB113b and BjMYB113c from green cultivars. A total of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 InDels were found between the promoter sequences of the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113b. On the other hand, the only sequence variation between the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113c is an insertion of 1,033-bp fragment in the 3’region of BjMYB113c. Transgenic assay and promoter activity studies showed that the polymorphism in the promoter region was responsible for the up-regulation of the purple allele BjMYB113a and high accumulation of anthocyanin in the purple cultivar. The up-regulation of BjMYB113a increased the expression of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway including BjCHS, BjF3H, BjF3’H, BjDFR, BjANS and BjUGFT, and consequently led to high accumulation of anthocyanin. However, the up-regulation of BjMYB113 was compromised by the insertion of 1,033-bp in 3’region of the allele BjMYB113c.

Conclusions
Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and evolution of the BjMYB113 gene controlling purple leaves and provide useful information for further breeding programs of mustard.
C-factor: a summary measure for systemic arterial calcifications
Authors: Kuiper Lieke M. , Ikram M. Kamran , Kavousi Maryam , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram M. Arfan , Bos Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Arterial calcification, the hallmark of arteriosclerosis, has a widespread distribution in the human body with only moderate correlation among sites. Hitherto, a single measure capturing the systemic burden of arterial calcification was lacking. In this paper, we propose the C-factor as an overall measure of calcification burden.

Methods
To quantify calcification in the coronary arteries, aortic arch, extra- and intracranial carotid arteries, and vertebrobasilar arteries, 2384 Rotterdam Study participants underwent cardiac and extra-cardiac non-enhanced CT. We performed principal component analyses on the calcification volumes of all twenty-six possible combinations of these vessel beds. Each analysis’ first principal component represents the C-factor. Subsequently, we determined the correlation between the C-factor derived from all vessel beds and the other C-factors with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses. Finally, we examined the association of the C-factor and calcification in the separate vessel beds with cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular, and overall mortality using Cox–regression analyses.

Results
The ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.99. Larger calcification volumes and a higher C-factor were all individually associated with higher risk of cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular, and overall mortality. When included simultaneously in a model, the C-factor was still associated with all three mortality types (adjusted hazard ratio per standard deviation increase (HR) > 1.52), whereas associations of the separate vessel beds with mortality attenuated substantially (HR < 1.26).

Conclusions
The C-factor summarizes the systemic component of arterial calcification on an individual level and appears robust among different combinations of vessel beds. Importantly, when mutually adjusted, the C-factor retains its strength of association with mortality while the site-specific associations attenuate.
Recumbent cycling to improve outcomes in people with hip fracture: a feasibility randomized trial
Authors: Said Catherine M. , Delahunt Marisa , Hardidge Andrew , Smith Paul , Tran Phong , McDonald Luke , Kefalianos Emmanuel , Daniel Cathy , Berney Sue 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Early mobilization after surgery is a key recommendation for people with hip fracture, however this is achieved by only 50% of people. Recumbent bike riding has been used in other populations with limited mobility and has potential to allow early exercise in people post hip fracture. The primary aim of this pilot trial was to demonstrate the feasibility of a trial protocol designed to determine the effect of early post-operative cycling in bed on outcomes in people with hip fracture.

Methods
Single-blinded, multi-site randomized controlled pilot trial. Fifty-one people with hip fracture were recruited within 4 days of surgery from two sites in Victoria. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either usual care (n = 25) or usual care plus active cycling in bed (n = 26). The cycling intervention was delivered on weekdays until the participant could walk 15 m with assistance of one person. The primary outcomes were trial feasibility and safety. Clinical outcomes, including mobility (Modified Iowa Level of Assistance Scale) and delirium were measured at day seven post-operatively and at hospital discharge by an assessor blinded to group. Additional outcomes at discharge included gait speed, cognition and quality of life.

Results
The intervention was safe, feasible and acceptable to patients and staff. Delivery of the intervention was ceased on (median) day 9.5 (IQR 7, 12); 73% of scheduled sessions were delivered; (median) 4 sessions (IQR 2.0, 5.5) were delivered per participant with (median) 9 min 34 s (IQR 04:39, 17:34) of active cycling per session. The trial protocol was feasible, however at day seven 75% of participants had not met the criterion (able to walk 15 m with assistance of one person) to cease the cycling intervention..

Conclusion
In bed cycling is feasible post-operatively following hip fracture, however seven days post-operatively is too early to evaluate the impact of the cycling intervention as many participants were still receiving the intervention. A fully powered RCT to explore the effectiveness and cost efficiency of this novel intervention is warranted.

Trial registration
The trial was prospectively registered (25/09/2017) with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617001345370.
Association between epidural analgesia and indications for intrapartum caesarean delivery in group 1 of the 10-group classification system at a tertiary maternity hospital, Shanghai, China: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Rong , Shi Peng , Li Haibing , Liu Zhiqiang , Xu Zhendong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
In this study, we aimed to determine whether epidural analgesia affects the indications for intrapartum caesarean delivery, such as foetal distress, dystocia, or maternal request, in nulliparous term women with spontaneous labour (Group 1 in the 10-Group Classification System).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study and collected data from the electronic medical records of deliveries performed in our institution between 1 January 2017 and 30 June 2017. Women conforming to the criterion of Group 1 according to the 10-Group Classification System were enrolled. We compared labour outcomes between women with and without epidural analgesia and analysed the association between epidural analgesia and indications for caesarean by using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 3212 women met the inclusion criteria, and 2876 were enrolled in the final analyses. Women who received epidural analgesia had a significantly lower intrapartum caesarean delivery rate (16.0% vs. 26.7%, P < 0.001), higher rates of amniotomy (53.4% vs. 42.3%, P < 0.001) and oxytocin augmentation (79.5% vs. 67.0%, P < 0.001), and a higher incidence of intrapartum fever (≥38 °C) (23.3% vs. 8.5%, P < 0.001) than those who did not receive epidural analgesia. There were no significant differences between the groups for most indications, except a lower probability of maternal request for caesarean delivery (3.9% vs. 10.5%, P < 0.001) observed in women who received epidural analgesia than in those who did not. Epidural analgesia was revealed to be associated with a decreased risk of maternal request for caesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22–0.42; P < 0.001); however, oxytocin augmentation was related to an increased risk of maternal request (aOR, 2.34; 95%CI, 1.47–3.75; P < 0.001). Regarding the reasons for the maternal request for caesarean delivery, significantly fewer women complained of pain (0.5% vs. 4.6%, P < 0.001) or had no labour progress (1.3% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.001) among those who received analgesia.

Conclusions
Among the women in Group 1, epidural analgesia was associated with a lower intrapartum caesarean delivery rate, which may be explained by a reduction in the risk of maternal request for an intrapartum caesarean delivery.
Prediction of the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in health screening examinees: a Korean cohort study
Authors: An Chansik , Choi Jong Won , Lee Hyung Soon , Lim Hyunsun , Ryu Seok Jong , Chang Jung Hyun , Oh Hyun Cheol 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Almost all Koreans are covered by mandatory national health insurance and are required to undergo health screening at least once every 2 years. We aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the screening results and insurance claim data.

Methods
The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening database was used for this study (NHIS-2020-2-146). Our study cohort consisted of 417,346 health screening examinees between 2004 and 2007 without cancer history, which was split into training and test cohorts by the examination date, before or after 2005. Robust predictors were selected using Cox proportional hazard regression with 1000 different bootstrapped datasets. Random forest and extreme gradient boosting algorithms were used to develop a prediction model for the 9-year risk of HCC development after screening. After optimizing a prediction model via cross validation in the training cohort, the model was validated in the test cohort.

Results
Of the total examinees, 0.5% (1799/331,694) and 0.4% (390/85,652) in the training cohort and the test cohort were diagnosed with HCC, respectively. Of the selected predictors, older age, male sex, obesity, abnormal liver function tests, the family history of chronic liver disease, and underlying chronic liver disease, chronic hepatitis virus or human immunodeficiency virus infection, and diabetes mellitus were associated with increased risk, whereas higher income, elevated total cholesterol, and underlying dyslipidemia or schizophrenic/delusional disorders were associated with decreased risk of HCC development (p < 0.001). In the test, our model showed good discrimination and calibration. The C-index, AUC, and Brier skill score were 0.857, 0.873, and 0.078, respectively.

Conclusions
Machine learning-based model could be used to predict the risk of HCC development based on the health screening examination results and claim data.
TINCR inhibits the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR-210/BTG2
Authors: He Guoqing , Pang Rui , Han Jihua , Jia Jinliang , Ding Zhaoming , Bi Wen , Yu Jiawei , Chen Lili , Zhang Jiewu , Sun Yanan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Terminal differentiation-induced ncRNA (TINCR) plays an essential role in epidermal differentiation and is involved in the development of various cancers.

Methods
qPCR was used to detect the expression level of TINCR in tissues and cell lines of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The potential targets of TINCR were predicted by the bioinformation website. The expression of miR-210 and BTG2 genes were detected by qPCR, and the protein levels of BTG2 and Ki-67 were evaluated by western blot. CCK-8 assay, scratch test, and transwell chamber were used to evaluate the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis ability of LSCC cells. The relationships among TINCR, miR-210, and BTG2 were investigated by bioinformatics software and luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo function of TINCR was accessed on survival rate and tumor growth in nude mice.

Results
We used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of TINCR in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and cells and found significantly lower levels in cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Additionally, patients with high TINCR expression had a better prognosis. TINCR overexpression was observed to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of LSCC cells. TINCR was shown to exert its antiproliferation and invasion effects by adsorbing miR-210, which significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cells. Overexpression of miR-210 was determined to reverse the tumour-suppressive effects of TINCR. BTG2 (anti-proliferation factor 2) was identified as the target gene of miR-210, and BTG2 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of LSCC cells. BTG2 knockdown relieved the inhibitory effects of TINCR on the proliferation and invasion of LSCC. Finally, TINCR upregulation slowed xenograft tumour growth in nude mice and significantly increased survival compared with control mice.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that TINCR inhibits the proliferation and invasion of LSCC by regulating the miR-210/BTG2 pathway, participates in cell cycle regulation, and may become a target for the treatment of LSCC.
Diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation causes intraocular collamer lens displacement in pseudophakic eye: a case report
Authors: Wei Wei , Yu Xueqing , Yang Lu , Xiong Chan , Zhang Xu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
With the rapid development of intraocular collamer lens (ICL) operation, it is foreseeable that we will encounter a large number of glaucoma patients with ICL implantation history. However, our current understanding of the treatment of glaucoma patients with ICL is limited. Hence we report a rare case of refractory glaucoma after intraocular collamer lens and intraocular lens implantation in a patient who underwent unsuccessful transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, which led to intraocular collamer lens displacement, angle closure and uncontrolled intraocular pressure.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old woman presented with intractably elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Since her intraocular collamer lens implantation surgery in 2017, her intraocular pressure had remained over 40 mmHg while using 3 types of anti-glaucoma medications. The patient had a history of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for complicated cataracts secondary to uveitis in 2006. On gonioscope examination, there were signs of pigment dispersion, and the anterior chamber angle was open. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination showed contact and rubbing between the intraocular collamer lens and posterior surface of the iris. And typical advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy and visual field defects were observed. Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation was performed to control the intraocular pressure and prevent further visual field loss. However, the intraocular collamer lens was displaced after transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, which resulted in formation of a shallow anterior chamber 1 week later, angle closure and loss of intraocular pressure control 1 month later, even though the maximum dose of anti-glaucoma medication was used. Finally, an Ahmed glaucoma valve was successfully implanted in her anterior chamber, and the glaucoma was controlled, as observed at the 10-month follow-up.

Conclusions
Pigment dispersion is a common phenomenon after intraocular collamer lens implantation and may accelerate the progression of glaucoma. Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation should be carefully considered in glaucoma patients with elevated intraocular pressure after intraocular collamer lens implantation, given that transscleral cyclophotocoagulation may cause intraocular collamer lens displacement.
Functioning assessment short test (FAST): validity and reliability in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Gisbert-Gustemps Laura , Lugo-Marín Jorge , Ramos Imanol Setien , Martín Gemma Español , Vieta Eduard , Bonnín C. Mar , Quiroga Josep Antoni Ramos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The assessment of functional impairment is crucial both for the diagnosis and the therapeutic approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the FAST is a reliable and valid tool to assess functional impairment in adults with Level 1 ASD and to study the differences in psychosocial functioning between younger and older adults with ASD.

Methods
A case–control study was carried out in a sample of 150 participants, 71 adults with Level 1 ASD, and 79 adults without psychiatric history records.

Results
Results showed good psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability. Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was .91 and the area under the curve was .98. The study also showed that adults with ASD present different profiles of functional impairment depending on their age: while younger patients present greater impairment in autonomy, older patients show more difficulties in interpersonal relationships.

Conclusions
Our results support the use of the FAST in the evaluation of adaptive functioning in adults with Level 1 ASD.