bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
cAMP Agonist Forskolin Disrupts Mitochondrial Metabolism and Induces Senescence in Human Mesenchymal Cells
Authors: Zhu Rongjia , Wang Qiaoling , Su Xiaodong , Yin Kan , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: Adult-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used in therapies for the treatment of various diseases. However, MSCs derived from aging tissues or long-term MSC cultures could have diminished therapeutic effects compared with MSCs derived from younger tissues, but the underlying mechanism has not been completely established. Dysfunction of energy metabolism is one of the main mechanisms underlying cell senescence. Although cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is known to inhibit cell division and proliferation in vitro, its impact on MSC senescence has not been described. Methods: In this study, we used forskolin, an adenylate cyclase agonist and cAMP inducer, to disrupt metabolism in human adipose-derived MSCs and investigate the effects of metabolic dysfunction on MSC senescence. cAMP and ATP levels were identified by its ELISA kits. The identification of MSCs senescence was assessed by MTS assay, cell cycle tests, β-galactosidase staining, and genes evaluation through qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Functions of the forskolin treated-MSCs were evaluated by oil Red O staining and alkaline phosphatase staining, as well as mRNA tests and wound healing assay. Mitochondrial morphology and function tests were performed by transmission electron microscopy and oxygen consumption analysis, mitochondrial superoxide assay, quantification of nitric oxide.Results: Treatment of human MSCs with forskolin resulted in senescence phenotypes, including reduced proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, and enhanced expression of the cell aging markers P16 and P21. Furthermore, the senescent MSCs exhibited increased adipogenesis capacity and decreased osteogenesis capacity as well as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype characterized by increased expression of several inflammatory factors. Forskolin-associated MSC senescence was mainly caused by oxidative stress–induced disruption of mitochondrial metabolism, and the senescent MSCs had high levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced sirtuin gene expression. Lastly, we found that cAMP inhibitor SQ22536 protects MSCs from forskolin-induced senescence and senescence-related-inflammatory-phenotype (SASP). Conclusions: Our results indicate that forskolin can cause senescence of human MSCs through oxidative stress–induced mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction.
CNN-GRU Network-based Force Prediction Approach for Variable Working Condition Milling Clamping Points of Deformable Parts
Authors: Li Enming , Zhou Jingtao , Yang Changsen , Wang Mingwei , Li Zeyu , Zhang Huibin , Jiang Tengyuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Improper clamping is one of the major causes of part deformation. Improving the fixture arrangement through force analysis of clamping points is an effective means to suppress or improve machining deformation. However, the existing research focuses on the monitoring and off-line optimization of the clamping point force, which has a certain lag on the machining deformation control, and it is difficult to predict the clamping point force due to the time-varying coupling effect of multiple factors such as process parameters, cutting force and clamping point force in the machining process. Inspired by the excellent performance of convolutional neural networks and gated recurrent networks in feature extraction and learning of temporal association laws, this paper proposes a CNN-GRU-based method for predicting the force state of clamping points under variable working conditions. Firstly, a force prediction model of clamping point during milling process with variable working conditions is established. Secondly, a convolutional neural network is designed to extract the features of dynamic coupled machining conditions. Then, a network of gated recurrent units is constructed to learn the temporal correlation law between the machining conditions and the forces on the clamping points to achieve force prediction of the clamping points during machining. Finally, it was verified by the milling process of the piston skirt. The results show that CNN-GRU can effectively predict the clamping force. In addition, CNN-GRU has higher computational efficiency and accuracy compared with CNN-LSTM, CNN-RNN and CNN-BP.
LncRNA CRNED Hinders the Progression of Osteoarthritis by Epigenetic Regulation of DACT1
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Yang Pei , Wang Chunsheng , Tian Run 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is usually characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, synovial fibrosis and inflammation. LncRNA CRNED (colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed) has been reported to be down-regulated in age-related OA, but its role in injury-induced OA needs to be further explored.Methods: An OA rat model was established by using anterior cruciate ligament transection, and the adenovirus-mediated CRNED overexpression (Ad-CRNED) or DACT1 (dapper antagonist of catenin-1) interference (sh-DACT1) vectors were injected into the rat model through tail vein. ATDC5 cells were treated by IL-1β (10 ng/mL) to simulate OA conditions in vitro. Histological staining was performed to evaluate knee cartilage damage and synovitis. Gain-and loss-of-function assays analyzed the effects of CRNED and DACT1 on cell functions and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in chondrocytes. Bioinformatic analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to assess the regulatory interaction of CRNED, p300 and DACT1.Results: Overexpression of CRNED alleviated cartilage damage and synovitis in OA rats, and suppressed IL-1β-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in DACT5 cells, while silencing DACT1 effectively antagonized the protective effect of CRNED both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanism studies found that DACT1 could act as a downstream target of CRNED. By recruiting p300, CRNED promoted the enrichment of H3K27ac in the DACT1 promoter, thus promoting DACT1 transcription. In addition, CRNED hindered the activation of the Wnt pathway in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes by inducing DACT1 expression.Conclusion: CRNED promoted DACT1 expression through epigenetic modification and restrained the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to impede the progression of OA.
Evaluation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form among the elderly population from Ethiopia
Authors: Urgessa Megersso 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Different tools have been used to perform a nutritional screening and assessment, and MNA is one of the widely used and recommended tools in the geriatrics population. MNA has two forms, long and short. However, MNA short-forms have not been evaluated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate MNA short form against MNA long-form tool among Ethiopian elders.
Methods

One hundred and seventy-six randomly selected elders entered into the community-based cross-sectional validation study. Amputated, bedridden, those with visible deformity were excluded. Original MNA questionnaires were translated to Afan Oromo and Amharic languages. All translated and pretested MNA questionnaires were administered to each participant. The anthropometrics were measured. Reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC-curve) analysis was plotted for MNA, to identify the area under the curve (AUC) and optimal cut-off value for prediction of malnutrition.
Result

Strong association between MNA-long form score and MNA-short form score indicated by spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of BMI-MNA-SF 0.771,p < 0.05 and CC-MNA-SF 0.759, P < 0.05. Similar the agreement between the long and short form of MNA was found to be a weighted kappa 0.396(0.318, 0.474) for BMI-MNA-SF and 0.546(0.422, 0.669) for CC-MNA-SF at 95% CI. These values indicate moderate agreement with the MNA-long form. There is very good agreement between the BMI-MNA-SF and CC-MNA-SF 0.400(0.322, 0.478). Also, high power to identify two categories using MNA long-form as golden standard with AUC for BMI –MNA-SF 0.908 (0.865–0.951) and 0.880 (0.831–0.929) for CC-MNA-SF at 95% CI. Diagnostic accuracy of both versions of MNA-SF showed that 34.2% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, 100.0% PPV, and 41.5% NPV for BMI-MNA-SF. Similar sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 83.9%, PPV 91.0%, and 61.8% NPV for CC-MNA-SF. Total Diagnostic accuracy for BMI-MNA-SF 55.12%, and 78.41% for CC-MNA-SF
Conclusion

Both versions of MNA-SF were found to be valid screening tools in the Ethiopian elders against Long-form MNA.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Patients Suffering from Acute Dental Pain of Endodontic Origin
Authors: Shobana Shekar , Mahalaxmi Sekar , Sriniva Narasimhan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Millions of root canal treatment is being done every year to relieve the patient of endodontic pain, but a vast majority of them are not being assessed for oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) after the procedure.The primary objective of this study is to assess Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients suffering from acute dental pain of endodontic origin before and after the institution of root canal treatment. This cross sectional, questionnaire based study was conducted among 86 out patients reporting to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. The validity of the 5 point Likert scale questionnaire was confirmed using a content validity index by distributing the questionnaire amongst six experts. The questionnaire was tendered to patients before and 1 week after single visit root canal treatment. The questionnaire was categorised into 3 constructs representing sleep, physical, social and psychological dimension. Pre-treatment and post-treatment OHRQoL scores were analysed statistically using Wilcoxon rank test. There was a statistically significant median decrease in OHRQoL post-operative scores for all the three constructs. This study suggests that root canal treatment significantly improves OHRQoL of patients suffering from acute pain of endodontic origin.
Axillary Nodal Metastasis of Operated Gallbladder Carcinoma – First Remote Site of Aggression.
Authors: Vats Manu , Bains Lovenish , Lal Pawan , Mandal Shramana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Gallbladder cancer is a very aggressive type of biliary tract cancer. The only curative treatment is complete surgical excision of the tumour. However, even after surgery, there is still a risk of recurrence of the cancer.Case summary: A 63-year-old gentleman presented with the complaint of a non-healing ulcer at epigastrium for the last 1 month, after having undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a private centre 4 months ago. Investigations confirmed the diagnosis of epigastric port site metastasis from a primary from gall bladder adenocarcinoma. After undergoing completion radical cholecystectomy with wide local excision of the epigastric ulcer, he received 6 cycles of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Eighteen months later, he presented to us with bilateral axillary swellings. Investigations confirmed bilateral axillary metastasis. He then underwent bilateral axillary lymphadenectomy (Level 3). However, PET scan after 6 months showed widespread metastasis and the patient succumbed to the illness 1 month later.Conclusion: Axillary metastasis probably occurs due to the presence of microscopic systemic metastasis at the time of development of port site metastasis. An R0 resection of the malignancy is the only viable option for effective therapy. The present case highlights the rare involvement of bilateral axillary lymph nodes as the first distant metastatic site with no evidence of disease in the locoregional site. However, the prognosis after metastasis remains dismal despite multiple treatment modalities.
State-selection by an Unconventional Mechanism in Dissociative Double Ionization of Sulphur Dioxide
Authors: Jarraya M. , Wallner M. , Nyman G. , Yaghlane S. Ben , Hochlaf M. , Eland J.H.D. , Feifel R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using multi-electron-ion coincidence measurements combined with high level calculations, we show that double ionization of SO2 at 40.81 eV can be state selective. It leads to high energy products, in good yield, via a newly identified mechanim, which is likely to apply widely to multiple ionization by almost all impact processes.
Microstructure and Properties of WC/diamond/Co-based Gradient Composite Coatings on High-speed Steel Fabricated by Laser Cladding
Authors: Liu Donggang , Liang Guoxing , Hao Xinhui , Huang Yonggui , Li Guang , Lv Zheng , Lv Ming , Al-Nehari Mohammed , Princewill Ojiako Tochukwu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of high-speed steel (HSS), WC/diamond/Co-based gradient composite coatings were produced on HSS substrates by laser cladding with different compositions powder mixture (Co-Cr alloy powder, 80Co-Cr alloy powder+20WC, 53Co-Cr alloy powder+40WC+7diamond, wt.%). The macromorphology, microstructures and phase composition were characterized by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the gradient coatings were also investigated respectively. The results indicate that the prepared WC/diamond/Co-based gradient composite cladding layer has a fine morphology on the cross sections and a gradient transition of the grain size has been achieved. The microhardness result presents gradient distribution along the depth of the coating. The microhardness is strengthened due to the dispersions of M7C3 (M is Fe, Cr), Co3C, CrCo, Cr3C2, Fe3C in the composite coating, and the highest microhardness of 1342 HV0.2 can be detected in the cladding layer. The friction coefficient values of the coatings range from 0.27 to 0.40, which is much lower than that of the substrate (0.50-0.60). Furthermore, the wear loss of coatings decreases by more than 3 times comparing with that of the substrate (3.5 mg). The polarization resistance results show that the cladding layer has excellent corrosion resistance with polarization resistance can reach the value of 236488.1 Ω·cm2. The gradient transition of the mechanical properties and chemical metallurgical combination between particle (WC, diamond) and adhesive phase can be obtained in laser cladding, which improves the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the HSS surface.
Potential Clinical Utility of a Free-Breathing Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol at 3T
Authors: Wang Keyan , Zhang Wenbo , Li Shuman , Bi Xiaoming , Schmidt Michaela , An Jing , Zheng Jie , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background It is hard for patients with impaired breath-holding (BH) capacity to receive conventional cardiac magnetic resonance (CCMR) imaging. Purpose To explore the clinical utility of a free-breathing (FB) CMR (FCMR) imaging protocol at 3.0T. Methods 54 selected patients with suspected heart disease were prospectively enrolled. A total of 30 patients with good BH underwent CCMR protocols first and then FCMR imaging protocols. For other 24 patients with bad BH, CCMR protocols were aborted due to limited BH capacity of patients that led to non-diagnostic image quality (IQ), and the study was finished with FCMR protocols. CCMR included segmented cine and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images acquired under BH. FCMR included compressed sensing (CS) accelerated, single-shot cine and motion-corrected (MOCO) single-shot LGE images acquired under FB. IQ of both protocols was evaluated based on a five-point Likert scale. The imaging time, the left ventricular function(LVF), scar presence/absence, and IQ were compared between CCMR and FCMR protocols. Results The acquisition times of the FB-CS-cine SAX (25 ± 5s), FB-CS-cine LAX(8 ± 2s), and FB-MOCO-LGE SAX (120 ± 19s), FB-MOCO-LGE LAX(37 ± 6s) were significantly shorter than these with BH-cine SAX (240 ± 13s), BH-cine LAX (75 ± 16s) and BH-LGE SAX(331 ± 29s), BH-LGE LAX(100 ± 9s) respectively (all P<0.001). For 30 patients that finished both CCMR and FCMR protocols, it was shown that IQ in FB-CS-cine is lower than BH-cine [4 (3-4) vs. 5 (4-5) , P <0.001], however FB-MOCO-LGE is better than BH-LGE [5 (4-5) vs. 3 (3-4), P <0.001]. No significant differences were found in LVF, and LGE presence(all P>0.05). The 24 patients with limited BH capabilities had inconclusive results with the CCMR protocol, but definitive diagnoses were made with the FCMR protocol. Conclusions FCMR could be used as an alternative scanning protocol in patients with BH impairments, making CMR imaging more widely available also for vulnerable patients.
Second Malignant Neoplasms in Patients with Rhabdomyosarcoma: A US Population-Based Analysis
Authors: ZHEN HONGNAN , LIU ZHIKAI , GUAN HUI , MA JIABIN , WANG WENHUI , SHEN JING , MIAO ZHENG , ZHANG FUQUAN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignant tumor. The main treatment modality is comprehensive with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. With the advancement in recent decades, patient survival has been prolonged, and long-term complications are attracting increasing attention among both physicians and patients. This study aimed to present the survival of patients with RMS and analyze the risk factors for the development of a second malignant neoplasm (SMN).
Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program 18 registry database from 1973 to 2015 of the National Cancer Institute of the United States was used for the survival analyses, and the SEER 9 for the SMN analysis.
Results

The 5-, 10-, and 20-year overall survival rates of the patients with RMS were 45%, 43%, and 33%, respectively. The risk of SMN was significantly higher in patients with RMS compared to the general population (SIR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.44–2.57, p < 0.001). The risk of developing SMN was increased in multiple locations, including the bones and joint (SIR = 35.25) and soft tissues including the heart (SIR = 22.5), breasts (SIR = 2.10), male genital organs (SIR = 118.14), urinary system (SIR = 2.36), brain (SIR = 9.21), and brain and other nervous system organs (SIR = 8.59). The multivariate analysis indicated that RMS in the limbs and earlier diagnosis time were independent risk factors for the development of SMN. Patients with head and neck (OR = 0.546, 95% CI: 0.313–0.952, p = 0.033) and trunk RMS (OR = 0.322, 95% CI: 0.184–0.564. p < 0.001) and a later diagnosis time were less likely to develop SMN (OR = 0.496, 95% CI: 0.421–0.585, p < 0.001).
Conclusion

This study describes the risk factors associated with the development of SMN in patients with RMS, which is helpful for the personalized screening of high-risk patients with RMS.
Menstrual hygiene practice and its determinants among Adolescent Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Anbesu Etsay Woldu , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Poor menstrual hygiene practices can lead to gynecological problems, psychosocial stress, and reduced access to school. Menstrual hygiene has not received adequate attention in Sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, there were fragmented and inconsistent findings. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of menstrual hygiene practice and identify its associated factors among adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: The protocol for this review had registered at PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42020165628. In this study, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline will be used. Online electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL and grey literature will be searched to retrieve available studies. Joanna Briggs Institute checklist will be used to assess the quality of the studies. Heterogeneity among studies will be examined using a chi-squared test and I-squared statistic.To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be performed. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to identify influential studies. Publication bias will be examined by funnel plots and Egger’s test. The statistical analysis will be conducted using STATA version-16 software. A random-effect model will be used to estimate the pooled prevalence, and statistical significance will be determined at a p-value of <0.05.Discussion: Poor menstrual hygiene practice affects the health of millions of adolescent girls in developing countries. Currently, there are no synthesis research findings on the overall pooled prevalence of menstrual hygiene practice and its associated factor in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will be used to inform policy-makers, programmers, planners, clinicians, and researchers to design appropriate strategies.
Prevalence of infected chronic wound isolates and their Minimum inhibitory concentrations against third generation cephalosporins at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Khalim Wangoye , James Mwesigye , Martin Tungotyo , Samba Twinomujuni Silvano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, the burden of infected chronic wounds is likely to increase due to the rising levels of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and non-communicable diseases such as Diabetes mellitus and cancer. Furthermore, the burden of antibiotic resistant strains in infected chronic wounds is likely to increase especially in resource constrained areas like Mbarara regional referral Hospital where the selection of antibiotic therapy does not usually depend on known antibiotic susceptibilities. Therefore the objectives of this study were; (I) to determine the prevalence of infected chronic wounds isolates from patients admitted in the surgical ward of MRRH, Uganda and (II) to determine the MIC of infected chronic wound isolates against the third generation cephalosporins.Method(s): This study was a descriptive analytical survey of bacterial isolates from infected chronic wounds among patients admitted in the surgical ward of MRRH, Uganda. Seventy five (75) study participants were recruited in the study using convenient sampling technique. Wound swabs were aseptically collected, registered in the laboratory register and depending on the nature of samples; each specimen was inoculated on chocolate, blood, mannitol salt sugar, xylose lysine decarboxylated agar, and MacConkey Agar and incubated at 350C-370C in the incubator. Broth microdilution method was used to test for MIC.The collected data was entered into Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA version 15.0 for statistical analysis. Chi square/Fishers’s Exact test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to analyse data for objective 1 and 2 respectively.Results: The most prevalent pathogens isolated were staphylococcus aureus (40.6%,) and Klebsiella spp (29%,) while the least prevalent pathogens were Providencia spp(1.4%, n=1/69) and Enterobacter agglomerans(2.9%, n=2/29). Generally, staphylococcus aureus exhibited the lowest MIC against cefoperazone+sulbactum 2g (Sulcef®) and ceftriaxone 1g (Epicephin®) (4.33±8.41µ/ml and 15.77±23.32µ/ml respectively). However, the differences in mean MIC observed across various groups were not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion: The most prevalent pathogens isolated from patients with infected chronic wounds at the surgical ward of MRRH were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp and proteus spp and the most effective third generation cephalosporins were cefoprazone+sulbactam 2g and ceftriaxone 1g (Epicephin®) while the most ineffective antibiotics were cefpodoxime 200mg and cefixime 400mg.