bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 2-wall versus 3-wall orbital decompression against dysthyroid optic neuropathy in visual function
Authors: Cheng Sheng-Nan , Yu Yue-Qi , You Ya-Yan , Chen Jin , Pi Xiao-Huan , Wang Xing-Hua , Jiang Fa-Gang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To compare visual function of 2-wall (medial and lateral) versus 3-wall (medial, lateral, and inferior) orbital decompression in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).
A total of 52 eyes of 37 patients underwent orbital decompression for DON between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Two- or 3-wall decompression was performed in 31 eyes of 23 patients and 21 eyes of 14 patients, respectively. We examined best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD), pattern-reversed visual evoked potential (PVEP) for P100 latency and amplitude at 60 and 15 arcmin stimulation checkerboard size, as well as proptosis using Hertel exophthalmometry.
Whether 2-wall or 3-wall decompression, all parameters of visual function were improved after surgery (all P < .05). The improvement in BCVA, MD, and PSD was not statistically significant between groups (all P > .05). Proptosis reduction was higher after 3-wall decompression (P = .011). Mean increase in P100 amplitude after 3-wall decompression was statistically higher than that of after 2-wall decompression at 60 and 15 arcmin (P = .045 and .020, respectively), while the mean decrease in P100 latency was similar between the groups (P = .821 and .655, respectively). Six patients (66.67%) had persistent postoperative diplopia and 1 patient (20%) had new-onset diplopia in 3-wall decompression group, which were higher than in 2-wall decompression group (46.15% persistent postoperative diplopia and no new-onset diplopia).
Both 2-wall and 3-wall decompression can effectively improve visual function of patients with DON. Three-wall decompression provides better improvement in P100 amplitude and proptosis, however new-onset diplopia is more common with this surgical technique.
A simplified protocol for individualized regional citrate anticoagulation for hemodialysis
Authors: Luo Laimin , Fan Meirong , Chen Qinkai , Cheng Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The lack of individualized treatment protocols and complicated procedures are important factors limiting the use of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) technology in hemodialysis. This study aims to validate the safety and efficacy of a simplified individualized RCA protocol for hemodialysis.

Materials and methods:
From June 2019 to August 2019, 45 patients with active bleeding or bleeding tendency undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the Nephrology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were randomly divided into a modified conventional RCA protocol group with a low-flux dialyzer, a simplified individualized RCA protocol group with a high-flux dialyzer, and a simplified individualized RCA protocol group with a low-flux dialyzer.

Results:
A total of 45 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 57.38 ± 19.05 years, and 78% were men. Forty-three patients completed 4 hours of hemodialysis, and the median total clotting scores in the 3 groups were 11, 12, and 12. Compared with the modified conventional RCA protocol group with a low-flux dialyzer, the 2 simplified individualized RCA protocol groups had better clotting scores for the dialyzer, arterial bubble trap, and single-pool urea clearance index (spKt/VBUN) and lower costs. Moreover, these parameters did not differ between the 2 simplified individualized RCA protocol groups. No electrolyte or acid–base imbalances or citrate poisoning was observed in any of the 3 groups. Adverse events did not differ significantly among the 3 groups.

Conclusions:
The simplified individualized RCA protocol is safe, effective, and easy to implement. Therefore, this protocol can be promoted for clinical practice.

Trial Registration:
This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Study Registry under registration number ChiCTR1900023801.
Treatment of retroperitoneal echinococcosis: the experience of a single center
Authors: He Jingyu , Yang Chuang , Wang Wentao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Retroperitoneal echinococcosis (RE) is a rare condition that is associated with a high mortality and disability rate. It is associated with a high rate of misdiagnosis, a high risk of surgery, and is extremely difficult to manage. There is no uniform standard for determining the exact form of surgical method and the timing of surgery.
This was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics and surgical management of patients diagnosed with RE in our hospital between 2012 and 2019.
Between 2012 and 2019, 1257 cases of echinococcosis and 121 cases of RE were diagnosed in our hospital. Of these, 68 cases involved surgical treatment, 53 involved non-surgical treatment, and 12 cases were lost to follow-up (4 cases in the surgical group and 8 cases in the non-surgical group). Thus, 109 cases were followed-up. RE cases were divided according to different treatment methods into a radical resection group (Group A, 31 cases), a non-radical resection group (Group B, 37 cases), and a non-surgical group (Group C, 53 cases). We carried out a detailed analysis of the 109 cases experiencing surgical intervention with effective follow-up.
Our analysis found that radical resection is the first line of treatment of RE, although non-radical surgery can benefit most patients. It is important to emphasize the importance of the first round of surgery, particularly in cases involving hepatic echinococcosis. If the lesion can be removed radically during the first round of surgery, then radical surgery should be performed.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients aged over 80 years with covid-19
Authors: Capdevila-Reniu Aina , Pellice Martina , Prieto-González Sergio , Ventosa Helena , Ladino Andrea , Naval Jose , Rodriguez-Nuñez Olga , César Milisenda Jose , Moreno-Lozano Pedro Juan , Soriano Alex , Bosch Xavier , López-Soto Alfonso 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of octogenarians with covid-19.
This is a observational, retrospective, descriptive study.
Consecutive patients aged >80 years who were admitted for covid-19 pneumonia during a 6 weeks period (March 20–April 30, 2020).
Illness severity on admission was classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria: mild, moderate, severe, and critical. Data collected included demographics, presenting symptoms, radiological and laboratory findings, comorbidities, functional status, treatment, and clinical outcome.
There were 159 patients (52.2% women) with a median age of 85.99 (IQR: 80–98). The median Barthel index was 90 (40–100) and Charlson index was 5 (5–6). Most common presenting symptoms were fever, dyspnea, and cough. Patients had mild (8.2%), moderate (52.2%), or severe (39.6%) illness according to WHO criteria. A bilateral pulmonary involvement was seen in 86% of patients. Laboratory analysis revealed increased serum concentrations of inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer) with an abnormal lymphocyte count [0.88 × 109/L (0.5)]. Treatments included corticosteroids in 37%, and biological therapies in 17.6%. Fifty three (33.3%) patients died during hospitalization, with a median time from admission to death of 3 (IQR 1–6) days. Mortality was higher in men (55%). Deceased patients had a significantly higher frequency of dyspnea, increased inflammatory parameters, and illness severity compared to survivors.
One-third of octogenarians with covid-19 died during hospitalization and most had bilateral lung involvement. A further knowledge of the characteristics and outcome of this population may assist clinicians in the decision-making process in these patients.
The impact of baseline brain metastases on clinical benefits and progression patterns after first-line crizotinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Cai Chengzhi , Li Yanying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Baseline brain metastasis (BBM) commonly occurs in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Crizotinib prolongs the survival of patients with ALK rearrangement but lacks significant effect on brain metastasis. It remains unclear whether BBM and local therapy affect therapeutic outcomes and progression patterns during crizotinib treatment.
Patients with ALK-positive (immunotherapy) non-small cell lung cancer were screened from West China Hospital between May 2013 and January 2019. A total of 155 patients were enrolled in this research, with entirely recorded statistics to analyze retrospectively.
Baseline brain metastasis occurred in 64 patients (55.7%). Thirty-seven patients received local therapy, while 24 patients did not. We observed higher overall response rate in patients receiving local therapy (70.2% vs. 41.7%, P = .026), but no statistical difference was found in median progression free survival (mPFS) (12.0 months vs 13.0 months, P = .633). A significantly shorter mPFS was found in patients not receiving local treatment compared with the 16.5 months mPFS of patients without BBM (P = .029). Intracranial progressions were recorded in 35 patients with BBM (71%) and 16 patients who don’t have (30%). As for extracranial progression, there is a higher occurrence rate (75.5%) in patients who had baseline extracranial metastases versus 49.0% in BBM patients. A significantly higher occurrence rate of multiple progression was noted in patients with BBM (14/49 vs. 6/53).
Baseline intracranial metastasis changes the location and number of progressions after the first-line crizotinib and results in poor prognosis. There is no evidence that local treatment for brain metastasis had a protective effect on intracranial progression.
Effectiveness and safety of proton pump inhibitors for treating acute pancreatitis
Authors: Cheng Tao , Liu Bo-Fu , Han Tian-Yong , Gu Zhi-Han , Pan Pan , Yu Haifang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies have showed that anti-acid therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can inhibit pancreatic secretion and it may be used in treating acute pancreatitis (AP). But at present, there is no systematic reviews for the evidence and the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of anti-acid therapy with PPIs in AP were not unclear. Therefore, we will undertake a systematic review of the literature to summarize previous evidence regarding this topic, in order to clarify the effectiveness and safety of anti-acid therapy with PPIs in AP.

Methods:
We will search the EMBASE, WANFANG DATA, Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library from inception to June 30,2021 to retrieve relevant studies using the search strategy: (“Proton pump inhibitors” OR “PPI” OR “PPIs” OR “Omeprazole” OR “Tenatoprazole” OR “Pantoprazole” OR “acid suppression therapy” OR “acid suppression drugs”) AND (“pancreatitis” OR “pancreatitides”). Two authors independently judged study eligibility and extracted data. Heterogeneity will be examined by computing the Q statistic and I2 statistic.

Results:
This study assessed the efficiency and safety of proton pump inhibitors for treating acute pancreatitis.

Conclusions:
This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of PPIs for treating AP.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval is unnecessary as this protocol is only for systematic review and does not involve privacy data. The findings of this study will be disseminated electronically through a peer-review publication or presented at a relevant conference.
CACNA1C rs1006737 SNP increases the risk of essential hypertension in both Chinese Han and ethnic Russian people of Northeast Asia
Authors: Zhang Hao , Pushkarev Boris , Zhou Jiexin , Mu Yuyuan , Bolshakova Olga , Shrestha Sandeep , Wang Ningning , Jian Baiyu , Jin Ming , Zhang Keyong , Cong Mingyu , Liu Jicheng , Vitkovsky Yuri , Qiu Changchun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a key role in the regulation of arterial tone and blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine whether the association of calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C) rs1006737 with essential hypertension (EH) exists in both Chinese Han and ethnic Russian populations of Northeast Asia. We used a case-control study of 2 ethnic groups in the same latitude geographical area to investigate the association between the susceptibility of EH and rs1006737 polymorphism. A total of 1512 EH patients and 1690 controls in Chinese Han people (Heilongjiang Provence, China), 250 EH patients, and 250 controls in ethnic Russian people (Chita, Russia), participated in this study. All participants were genotyped using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay (Agena Company). Baseline characteristics and the minor allele frequencies of rs1006737 vary substantially among common Chinese Han and ethnic Russian people. Allele A was found to be a risk factor for EH in Chinese Han [(odds ratio) OR 1.705, (confidence interval) 95% CI: 1.332–2.182, P < .001] and ethnic Russian (OR 1.437; 95% CI: 1.110–1.860, P = .006). The GA genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR 1.538, 95% CI: 1.188–1.991, P = .001) for Chinese Han people, and the AA genotype (OR 2.412, 95% CI: 1.348–4.318, P = .003) for ethnic Russian people. The results of this study indicate that the A allele of the variant rs1006737 in the CACNA1C gene may be a useful genetic marker for EH risk prediction in Chinese Han and ethnic Russian populations.
A novel biomarker, MRPS12 functions as a potential oncogene in ovarian cancer and is a promising prognostic candidate
Authors: Qiu Xiaofeng , Guo Dongxia , Du Juan , Bai Yuhuan , Wang Fengying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer deaths. Extraordinary histologic and genetic heterogeneity presents as great hurdle to OC's diagnosis and treatment. MRPS12 (Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein S12), encoding a 28S subunit protein, controls the decoding fidelity and susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Our study aims to investigate the clinical significance and potential mechanism of MRPS12 in OC.
Oncomine, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database (TIMER), and GEPIA databases were utilized to explore the expression level of MRPS12 in OC and normal tissues. Kaplan–Meier plotter was used to evaluate the influence of MRPS12 expression on OC patients’ survival. The potential biologic function and immune infiltration of MRPS12 in OC were analyzed by GSEA (Gene set enrichment analysis) and TIMER database, respectively.
MRPS12 was significantly highly expressed in OC (P < .05) compared with normal ovarian tissues. Its overexpression was also significantly related with poor overall survival in advanced FIGO stage (III+IV) patients, in serous OC and in those patients with TP53 mutation (P < .05). GSEA showed that HALLMARK_G2M_CHECKPOINT, BIOCARTA_CELLCYCLE_PATHWAY, HALLMARK_PI3K_AKT_MTOR_SIGNALING, BIOCARTA_P53_PATHWAY were significantly enriched in high-MRPS12-expression phenotype. MRPS12 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in OC.
These results reveal that MRPS12 could function as a potential oncogene and serve as a promising prognostic candidate in OC.
Primary yolk sac tumor of pterygopalatine fossa with loss of vision
Authors: Shen Ye-Hua , Jiang Shou-Yin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Primary yolk sac tumor (YST) is an infrequently-diagnosed malignant extragonadal germ cell tumors. It is likely to recur locally and may present with widespread metastases once diagnosed. Primary YST of the head is uncommon but can cause severe complications, such as loss of vision once the tumor mass invades the optic nerve.

Patient concerns:
A 20-month-old boy presented to the general clinic of the local children's hospital with a complaint of swelling of left face for 1 year and proptosis of the left eye for over 2 weeks as stated by his parents. Initially, he did have some vision, as he could walk by himself, but a special ophthalmologic examination was not performed.

Diagnoses:
Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large tumor accompanied by peripheral bone destruction in the left pterygopalatine fossa that extended to sphenoid, ethmoid, left maxillary sinuses, left nasoethmoid, and left orbit. The optic nerve was invaded on both sides. Chest and abdominal imaging were normal. A primary diagnosis of Langerhans cell hyperplasia was made. However, blood tests on the second day of hospitalization revealed significantly elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. On the third day, the boy lost his eyesight, with loss of pupillary and no light sensation during flashlight stimulation on both sides.

Interventions:
Nasal endoscopy was performed on the fourth day, the vast majority of soft tissue mass was resected for biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed features of endodermal sinus tumor. A final diagnosis of primary YST of pterygopalatine fossa was made. Because the mass could not be resected completely, he received combined chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and carboplatin for 6 cycles over six months.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered with significant tumor shrinkage and without secondary metastasis after 18 months but left permanently blind.

Conclusion:
The worst complication of loss of vision after Primary YST of pterygopalatine fossa alerts us that close physical examination during the initial investigation should be performed, which is especially important in young children who cannot express complaints well. Early detection and treatment with surgical resection and chemotherapy may contribute to satisfactory outcomes and avoidance of visual impairment.
ATF, Inc.: Fasteners and Family
Authors: Ward John L. 
Published: March 2021

The ATF case is a succinct opportunity to explore the many special features of leadership succession for a family business. In 2009 the company was passing the baton to the oldest of three sons in the second-generation family business.
ATF produced metal and plastic fasteners for, primarily, the automotive industry. ATF had grown into a company with more than $50 million in annual revenues. The company had grown in large part through alliances with other family businesses around the world. First-generation patriarch Don Surber had led the company since he acquired it in 1982. Don was known for his charismatic leadership style and his focus on driving value through a network approach.
The case traces the career paths of all three sons and looks at the succession through the eyes of the oldest son, Jason Surber. The elements, constituents, and challenges of succession are evident. The fundamental insight is that business leadership succession is far more than just passing the business leadership baton. It also requires attention to the family, the board, the whole system of external stakeholders, and the future of ownership.
The epilogue in this note covers the period from 2009 to 2012 by describing what Jason did to earn credibility, to incorporate his brothers, and to define his personal leadership philosophy and style. The epilogue thus provides students with an opportunity to consider and define their own personal philosophy of management leadership and their own style. They will see the art of melding styles from the past with their own for the future.
CTIP: diversity in medtech
Authors: Yin Pai-Ling , Rostoker Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

Study level/applicability
MBA, advanced undergrad, entrepreneurship and technology commercialization classes.

Subject area
Entrepreneurial diversity, equity and inclusion, medical device innovation, and models of business accelerators.

Case overview
The first half of the case explores Kathryne Cooper’s professional and personal journey and the ways her life experiences inform the goals she helps set for The West Coast Consortium for Technology & Innovation in Pediatrics (CTIP). As an African-American woman codirector of a medical device accelerator focused on the pediatric market, Cooper was acutely aware of the lack of diversity in the tech industry. The second half of the case explores the medical device market and the need for organizations such as CTIP. Cooper implemented a revised application process and system to encourage applications from underrepresented minority founders. CTIP was in a unique position to support concept stage products and nontraditional founders. The case concludes with a description of seven companies that have applied to join CTIP’s portfolio. Students are instructed to consider, as Cooper, which companies to support and what type of support to offer.

Expected learning outcomes
Explore the ways personal backgrounds inform leadership positions. Analyze how ventures are evaluated from a grant-funded accelerator (in contrast to an investment-fund accelerator). Examine the wide range of support that nontraditional founders require in the underserved pediatric market.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Social implications
A model to support diversity of gender and race in entrepreneurship.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Does board gender diversity matter? Evidence from hostile takeover vulnerability
Authors: Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit , Lee Sang Mook , Uyar Ali , Kilic Merve 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTheory suggests that the market for corporate control, which constitutes an important external governance mechanism, may substitute for internal governance. Consistent with this notion, using a novel measure of takeover vulnerability primarily based on state legislation, this paper aims to investigate the effect of the takeover market on board characteristics with special emphasis on board gender diversity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper exploits a novel measure of takeover vulnerability based on state legislation. This novel measure is likely exogenous as the legislation was imposed from outside the firm. By using an exogenous measure, the analysis is less vulnerable to endogeneity and is thus more likely to show a causal effect.FindingsThe results show that a more active takeover market leads to lower board gender diversity. Specifically, a rise in takeover vulnerability by one standard deviation results in a decline in board gender diversity by 10.01%. Moreover, stronger takeover market susceptibility also brings about larger board size and less board independence, corroborating the substitution effect. Additional analysis confirms the results, including propensity score matching, generalized method of moments dynamic panel data analysis and instrumental variable analysis.Originality/valueThe study is the first to explore the effect of the takeover market on board gender diversity. Unlike most of the previous research in this area, which suffers from endogeneity, this paper uses a novel measure of takeover vulnerability that is probably exogenous. The results are thus much more likely to demonstrate causality.