bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal pulse pressure and microalbuminuria in Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes (1029.6)
Authors: Zarini Gustavo , Vaccaro Joan , Ajabshir Sahar , Antwi Janet , Cheema Amanpreet , Huffman Fatma 
Published: June 2021

This cross sectional study examined the relationship between pulse pressure and microalbuminuria (MA) in Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes. Subjects (n=133) were recruited from multiple sources from South Florida. Blood pressure was measured twice and averaged to calculate pulse pressure. Pulse pressure was calculated by systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels were measured from fasting blood samples with the Roche Tina‐Quant method. MA was determined in urine samples by a semiquantitative assay (ImmunoDip). Statistical analysis included t‐test, chi‐square and logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, BMI, A1C and hypertension medications. MA was present in 35% of Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes. A significantly higher percentage of Haitian Americans with MA had abnormal pulse pressure (>60 mmHg) as compared to those without MA (P=0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for covariates, subjects with abnormal pulse pressure were 3.14 times more likely to have MA as compared to those with normal pulse pressure (P=0.014; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25, 7.85). Findings indicated that abnormal pulse pressure increased the odds of having earliest clinical signs for diabetic nephropathy in this group of Haitian Americans.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.
Body mass index and serum vitamin D levels in Cuban, African, and Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes (1029.7)
Authors: Huffman Fatma , Feijao Karol , Shaban Lemia , Zarini Gustavo , Ajabshir Sahar , Vaccaro Joan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Observational studies have found serum vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/ml were associated with cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and all‐cause mortality. Diabetes, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI) are independent risk factors of vitamin D deficiency.Methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Florida International University. Participants were recruited by a purchased mailing list of individuals with type 2 diabetes. The final sample size was N= 372 (110 Cuban‐, 134 Haitian‐, and 128 African‐ Americans). BMI was calculated from height and weight (kg/m2) measured in the Human Nutrition Laboratory. Serum vitamin D was determined from fasted blood using enzyme‐immunoassay kit by absorbance. Reduced and adjusted general linear models were conducted to test BMI with serum vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency by ethnicity and BMI was assessed by logistic regression analysis.Results: The proportion of vitamin D deficiency was high across ethnicities with a higher percent among African (90.1%) compared to Haitian (80.5%, p=0.041) and Cuban (75%, p=0.023). There was an inverse association of BMI with serum vitamin D adjusting for age, smoking, glycemic control, energy intake, and gender (β=‐0.393, SE=0.16, p=0.015). African Americans compared to Cuban Americans had a higher adjusted odds of vitamin D insufficiency [OR=2.67(1.19, 6.03) p=0.017].Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency was high (between 75‐90%) for these ethnic‐minorities. Regardless of ethnicity, higher BMI was associated with lower serum vitamin D in a multiethnic cohort with type 2 diabetes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.
Health risk indicators in incoming freshmen at a public mid‐western university (1031.11)
Authors: Leone Ryan , Ludy Mary‐Jon , Morgan Amy 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this was study to explore the prevalence of health risk indicators in college students upon commencement of freshman year. Within three weeks of arriving on campus, freshmen (n=20 M, 68 F; 18±0.4y) underwent measurement of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), and body composition (BF%) using air‐displacement plethysmography. Subjects also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Subjects predominantly displayed a healthy BMI (24.5±4.5 kg/m2): 57% normal weight, 37% overweight/obese, and 5% underweight. WC was 88.1±14.7cm (M) and 82.3±11.1cm (F); 23% had increased health risk based on high WC. Systolic (117.9±11.4 mmHg) and diastolic (69.7±89.4 mmHg) BP demonstrated that 5% were hypertensive, 35% were prehypertensive, and 60% were normotensive. BF% was 20.5±9.6% (M) and 29.7±7.9% (F), indicating that 32% were overfat. ACSM guidelines for physical activity were met by 81% of participants. Despite self‐reporting sufficient physical activity, a large percentage of freshmen (58%) had 蠅 1 health risk indicator based on BMI, WC, BP, or BF%; 35% had 蠅 2 indicators. In conclusion, these data indicate that a majority of entering college freshmen are at increased health risk and support the need to develop targeted interventions on campus.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Bowling Green State University’s Faculty Research Committee
Urbanization effect on pre‐ vs. postnatal mis‐matched young child growth in China (1031.17)
Authors: Min Jungwon , Wang Youfa 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Investigate risk of mis‐matched pre vs. postnatal growths on childhood overweight and the urbanization effects on childhood excessive growth in China.Methods: Childhood excessive weight growth defined as upward crossing of major percentile lines of child weight growth references compared to birth weight percentile. Using conditional transition probability analysis, logistic regression and GEE models, we examined longitudinal effect of excessive weight growth on childhood overweight at age4‐5 and its association with socio‐environmental characteristics among 117,398 children repeatedly followed during 2000‐2005 in South China.Results: The 35.7% of children experienced excessive growth of weight at least once and 64.2% continuously kept excessive growth up to age 4‐5 y. Those with excessive weight growth were more likely to be overweight (BMI Z score>=1) at age 4‐5[RR= 3.83, (95%CI: 3.34‐ 4.38)]. Especially those in urban areas, having a mother with a job and higher education showed significantly higher risk of childhood excessive weight growth than their counterparts[OR=1.8 (1.5‐ 2.1); 1.2 (1.1‐ 1.2); 1.4 (1.3‐1.4)).Conclusions: 35.7% children had excessive weight growth compared to the birth size, positively associated with overweight risk and urban residence, maternal employment and education, indicating urbanization effect on child obesity in China.Grant Funding Source: The study was supported in part by a NIH center grant (U54HD070725).
Sirt1 nutrient signaling regulates fetal programming of nephrogenesis (1033.10)
Authors: Magee Thomas , Nast Cynthia , Ross Michael , Desai Mina 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE Fetal programming as a result of maternal undernourishment (MUN) results in adult nephropenia and hypertension. In this study we examined the expression of the nutrient sensor SIRT1 and its possible regulation of nephrogenesis.METHODS Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rat dams were fed either ad libitum diet (control) or were 50% maternal food restricted (MUN) from E10. Fetal kidneys (E20, n=5 dams for MUN and control) were examined for mRNA, protein expression, immunohistochemistry, and epigenetic histone modification at the SIRT1 promoter. To assay the regulation of SIRT1 on nephrogenesis, E16 control rat kidneys (n=10 per group) were incubated ex vivo with the SIRT1 agonist resveratrol or antagonist EX527. Kidneys were fixed and stained with fluorescein‐labeled dolicus bifluoros agglutin, imaged, and terminal buds quantitated. All values are given as mean +/‐ SEM. Data were considered statistically significant by t‐test at p < 0.05.RESULTS Both SIRT1 mRNA (1.6 fold; p < 0.05) and protein expression (1.7 fold; p < 0.05) were increased in MUN kidneys compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry detected SIRT1 expression in MUN and control kidneys. SIRT1 promoter histone H3K9 methylation was reduced by MUN. Control E16 kidneys treated with SIRT1 agonist resveratrol had reduced bud tip number of 23%; p < 0.01; in contrast, treatment with SIRT1 antagonist EX527 increased bud tip number by 57%; p < 0.01.CONCLUSIONS Up‐regulation of SIRT1 during MUN nephrogenesis decreases the number of ureteric bud tips and hence ureteric bud branching rate, thus providing a mechanism for the reduction in nephron number seen during fetal programming. SIRT1 increased activity may be due to reduced histone methylation at the SIRT1 promoter.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grant R03 HD060782‐02 to TRM; NIH AXIS Grant G0811K15 to TRM
Early sex differences in hepatic metabolic signaling in offspring of obese female mice (1033.11)
Authors: Miller Colette , Krishna Saritha , Lin Zhoumeng , Della‐Fera Mary Anne , Harn Donald , de la Serre Claire , Baile Clifton , Filipov Nickolay 
Published: June 2021

Rates of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease are increasing in all age groups. Maternal obesity imprints the fetal liver; however, little is known about the influence of sex in hepatic metabolic signaling. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate sex differences in the liver of offspring of high fat diet‐fed (HFD) dams. C57BL/6 dams were fed either a 4.3% or 35% fat diet for 6 weeks prior to and during mating, gestation, and lactation. Offspring were sacrificed at post‐natal day 21 to measure expression of genes related to lipogenesis and insulin signaling. Maternal HFD had a significantly increased offspring body weight (p<0.01). Sex had a significant effect on liver weight (p<0.03) and females from obese dams had smaller livers than both male groups (p<0.10). HFD resulted in 2‐fold increases in the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1c in both sexes (p<0.02). Sex had a significant effect on GLUT4 expression‐ females having higher expression than males (p<0.05). Furthermore, females from HFD‐fed dams had higher expression of GLUT4 compared to control females (p<0.02). These data show that the liver can be affected by sex and by HFD that is entirely of maternal origin.Grant Funding Source: Support: UGA Obesity Initiative, Atlanta ARCS Fnd, & GRA Eminent Scholar endowment (CAB)
Effects of methylating vitamins and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on intra‐uterine growth retardation in a feed‐restricted swine model (1033.8)
Authors: Lima Hope , Jacobi Sheila , Man Chaolai , Walker Kaitlyn , Sommer Jeffrey , Flowers William , Blikslager Anthony , Xi Lin , Odle Jack 
Published: June 2021

IUGR can result from malnourishment during pregnancy and negatively influences the long‐term health of offspring; being litter bearing, swine have an increased incidence. Our study exploited this to examine nutritional influences on fetal development in malnourished dams. Control gilts (n=5) received 2.0 kg/d of a corn‐isolated soy‐protein diet supplemented with a mixture of vitamins (mg/kg feed) containing folic acid (1.3), pyridoxine (1.0), B12 (0.015), riboflavin (3.75), choline (1250) and DHA (2420). Basal diet allotment to restricted sows was reduced progressively from 1.0 to 0.6 kg/d and was supplemented according to a 2 (± vitamins) x 2 (± DHA) factorial design (n = 4‐6; vitamin amounts described above). Control dams gained more weight (49.31 ± 6.19 kg) than restricted dams (3.01 ± 3.34; p <0.0001). Average term piglet weight (1.13 ± 0.016 kg; p = 0.5094) and percent of IUGR piglets (< 900 g; 17.9 ± 3.76%; p = 0.6223) were unaffected. Piglet brain weights were reduced by 3.9% (p <0.02) in restricted treatments lacking vitamin and DHA supplementation. Addition of DHA to restricted sow diets reduced relative liver weight of piglets (2.54 ± 0.06 %BW) vs. control (2.96 ± 0.06) and other restricted dams (2.99 ± 0.04). These results illustrate strong preferential partition of limited maternal resources to developing fetuses during extreme nutrient depravation, with modest effects of micronutrient supplementation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
In utero exposure to dietary lipotropes affects DNA methylation and gene expression in mammary glands of offspring (1033.9)
Authors: Cho Kwang Bog , Mabasa Lawrence , Cho Kyongshin , Crane Courtney , Choi Woo‐Sik , Park Chung 
Published: June 2021

Lipotropes are methyl group‐containing essential nutrients (i.e., methionine, choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12) that play key roles in one‐carbon metabolism. One‐carbon metabolism provides methyl groups for biological methylation pathways, including DNA methylation which controls the expression of genes. The objective of the study was to determine the extent to which maternal dietary lipotropes affect DNA methylation and the expression of genes in mammary glands of the offspring. Pregnant rats were fed either the control or lipotropes supplemented diet until parturition, at which point, rats were fed the control diet until weaning. At weaning, randomly selected female offspring from each group were kept on the control diet until they were bred for collection of the mammary tissues. Tissues were analyzed for global DNA methylation and gene expression. Maternal dietary lipotropes significantly increased DNA methylation in mammary tissues of the offspring [P=0.04]. Transcription of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) [P=0.01] and beta‐casein (Csn2) [P=0.01] genes was increased by maternal methyl diet. While, Dnmt1 is responsible for establishing and regulating methylation patterns, Csn2 is a marker for mammary cell differentiation. Thus, data may be informative to studies aimed at improving mammary development and lactation potential.Grant Funding Source: NIH‐National Cancer Institute
Effect of commercial sweetener intake on the NF‐κB and AP‐1 pro‐inflammatory pathways in liver and small intestine in mice (1034.10)
Authors: EspinoBarros‐Flores Adamaris , Estrada José , Pliego‐Rivero Bernardo , Contreras Irazu 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Commercial sweetener intake has increased over the last few years, not only in patients diagnosed with a chronic non‐communicable disease, but in the general population. These sweeteners are deemed safe for consumption; however, the effect of their constant use on the immune system is unknown.Objectives: To determine the effect of frequent sweetener intake on NF‐κB and AP‐1 signaling pathways in the liver and intestine of BALB/c mice.Methods: 14 week old BALB/c mice (male and female) were grouped (6 mice/per group, male and female) as follows: 1) control (water); 2) sucrose (10%); 3) sucralose (1%) and 4) rebaudioside A (1%). Sweeteners were administered orally in drinking water for 6 weeks. Food and liquid intake was measured daily and weight was measured every week, from week 8 to week 14. After treatment, mice were sacrificed to obtain the proteins from liver and small intestine. Analysis of total, as well as phosphorylated, protein expression for IκBα, c‐Jun, JNK and ERK was performed by WB.Results: Our results show that sweetener intake does not appear to have an impact on weight; however, we observed alterations in water and food consumption. Liquid intake was increased in the sucrose groups, whereas food ingestion was higher in the sucralose group (p蠄0.05). Expression of total proteins was not altered, compared to the control group; nonetheless, we still have to determine if there are alterations in the expression of the phosphorylated proteins.
Red ginseng supplementation effects on the liver inflammation in whole‐body gamma irradiated mice (1034.3)
Authors: Sohn Eun‐Hwa , Namkoong Seung , Jang Seon‐A , Kim Tae‐Hyung , Kang Se Chan , Koo Hyun Jung 
Published: June 2021

Exposure to ionizing radiation induces oxidative damage to liver, leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis. This study aimed to identify the radioprotective effect of Korean red ginseng extract (RG) on the liver inflammation against whole‐body gamma‐irradiation (γIR) in mice. RG was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.) to C57BL/6 mice for five days, which were then exposed to 6.5 Gy of 137Cs‐γIR. Liver was harvested three days afterwards, and liver inflammatory markers, cyclooxygenase‐2(COX‐2), TGF‐beta1, and iNOS expression were examined as well as intracellular signal‐related markers, MAPKs and NF‐κB activation using Western blotting. The exposure of gamma ray increased COX‐2, TGF‐beta1, and iNOS, and these were significantly restored by the RG supplementation. In addition, RG decreased the radiation‐induced p‐ERK and NF‐κB activation. These results suggest that the RG supplementation provides protective effects against radiation‐induced liver inflammation, and the potential to be utilized in clinical trials and functional foods.Grant Funding Source: This work was partially supported by research fund from Korea Sanhak Foundation in 2013
Self‐weighing to prevent age‐related weight gain in young adults (1035.13)
Authors: Bertz Fredrik , Pacanowski Carly , Levitsky David 
Published: June 2021

Short term trials of frequent self‐weighing has shown promise in reducing weight gain among first semester college students, as a model of preventing age‐related population weight gain. The current study evaluates a low‐cost, internet based intervention using wifi‐connected scales and individualized visual email feedback, to reduce age‐related weight gain over the course of 4 years among university students. A total of 167 freshman were randomized to experimental (E) or control (C) group. Both groups were provided with wifi‐connected scales. E was instructed to weigh daily and view a graph of weight which is immediately emailed to them after stepping on the scale. C were free to weigh at any time, but did not receive feedback. They were asked to weigh themselves every six months upon notification by the experimenters. Data from the first 6 months show that C gained weight (1.5±7.6 lbs), whereas E reduced weight (‐0.7±6.0 lbs), p=0.05 using last value carried forward and adjusted for baseline weight. Moreover, the frequency of self‐weighing was associated with weight change (‐0.3 lbs/days of weighing/week). Retention was 85% in both groups. These preliminary data are based on the one of longest interventions of college students to date and included the summer holiday months. The internet based frequent self‐weighing system used here appears feasible and efficacious in preventing age‐related weight gain in young adults.Grant Funding Source: Dr. Bertz fellowship is supported by The Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research
Butyrate‐induced upregulation of intestinal glucose transport represents a possible nutrient therapy for individuals with malabsorptive disorders (1035.14)
Authors: Mangian Heather , Mangian Heather , Tappenden Kelly 
Published: June 2021

Individuals with significant intestinal malabsorption face challenges digesting and absorbing sufficient nutrients. Therapies that increase intestinal nutrient processing capacity are needed. Objective: Our objective was to identify the impact of butyrate (B) upon intestinal glucose transport capacity. We hypothesized that ileal B would increase jejunal glucose transport via increased glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) abundance. Further, mechanistic stimulation of enteroendocrine L cells by B was examined. Method: Sprague Dawley rats were surgically modified with an ileal cannula for infusion of either 10 mM B or saline solution (for 96 or 156m) and a portal cannula for blood sampling. All rats received the tracer (3‐O‐[methyl‐14C] ‐D‐glucose (8 uCi), but were randomized to be fed (3 mg/kg BW D‐glucose) or fasted (0 mg/kg BW D‐glucose). Results: Glucose absorption decreased after extended ileal saline infusion compared to a shorter saline infusion (AUC 4,640,245 vs. 2,567,799 DPM/ml2, P< 0.05) . B abolished this decrease. B increased jejunal GLUT2 (by 23% ; P<0.05) but not SGLT1 mRNA. Proglucagon mRNA abundance was 2‐fold higher in the cecum of B rats (B 0.679 vs. S 0.332, proglucagon mRNA/18S; P<0.0014). B also increased Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2&amp;3 (FFAR2 and FFAR3) mRNA abundance in the cecum. Conclusions: Treatment of the distal intestine with B increases the glucose absorptive capacity of the proximal intestine.Grant Funding Source: NIDDK 1 R01 DK57682
Basal energy expenditure in children with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy and severe malnutrition (1035.2)
Authors: Vasquez‐Garibay Edgar , García‐Contreras Andrea , Romero‐Velarde Enrique , Sandoval Montes Imelda , Ibarra‐Gutierrez Ana , Troyo‐Sanroman Rogelio 
Published: June 2021

With the purpose to analyze the energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry (IC) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in children with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP) and severe malnutrition it was carried out and intervention study with 13 participants (10 females and three males) during the nutritional recovery period. All were fed via naso‐gastric tube or gastrostomy and received 12 kcal/cm/d the first week and 14‐16 kcal/cm/d afterwards. Anthropometric measurement, basal energy expenditure (BEE) by IC and BIA were obtained at initial, 15 and 30 days.

Table 1. Comparison of basal energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry and bioelectrical impedance analysis in children with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy and severe malnutrition

Indirect calorimetry 1
Bioelectrical impedance analysis 2

N
X
SD
N
X
SD

Initial
13
5673
135
10
8013
78

15 days
13
7904
254
10
8304
76

30 days
13
7755
169
10
8495
75

1 Initial vs. 15 d, p = 0.002; initial vs. 30 d, p = 0.001; 15 d vs. 30 d, p=0.318

2 Initial vs. 15 d and initial vs. 30 days, p = 0.001; 15 vs. 30 d, p= 0.002

3 p < 0.001; 4 p =0.06; 5 p = 0.05

It is probable that children with severe malnutrition would be weak enough at the initial measurement for the effort to the exhalation and that could explain the lower value of BEE with IC; that problem would be corrected at 15 days of intensive nutritional support because results were similar between IC and BIA at 15 and 30 d.Grant Funding Source: none
Bioavailability and metabolomic targets of sulforaphane in humans (1036.2)
Authors: Atwell Lauren , Clarke John , Hsu Anna , Bella Deborah , Stevens Jan , Dashwood Roderick , Williams David , Ho Emily 
Published: June 2021

Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, has many potential health benefits. Yet, there is limited knowledge about its bioavailability and biological functions in humans. Crucifers contain glucoraphanin (GFN), which is hydrolyzed to SFN by myrosinase (MYR). Study objectives were to determine SFN bioavailability and examine metabolomic profiles in plasma following consumption of a MYR‐treated broccoli sprout extract (BSE) supplement and broccoli sprouts. We have previously shown a 7‐fold decrease in SFN bioavailability from GFN supplements with inactivated MYR than from broccoli sprouts, suggesting MYR activity impacts SFN bioavailability. SFN bioavailability from BSEs was improved over MYR‐inactivated GFN supplements but was ~3 times lower than sprouts. High‐throughput metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in plasma metabolites following SFN consumption. Unique metabolomic profiles following BSE and sprout consumption suggested differential metabolic responses from the supplemental and whole‐food forms of SFN. BSE and sprout consumption was associated with unique biochemical targets, and several common targets of the two SFN forms were altered in opposite directions. This research provides important information for conducting SFN supplementation studies to understand SFN’s role in disease prevention.Grant Funding Source: Supported by R01CA122906, P01CA090890, P30 ES000210