bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity in Detroit: exploring the relationship between patient-reported food insecurity and proximity to healthful grocery stores
Authors: Santarossa Sara , Hill Alex B , Sitarik Alexandra R , Taylor Mackenzie , Hawkins Susan , Scher Katherine , Sohaski Aaron , Baseer Mohammed , Dombrowski Rachael , Plum Alexander , Joseph Christine LM 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:The objective of the current study was to determine if patients of a large health care system in Detroit who self-identify as food insecure live further away from healthy grocery stores compared with food secure patients. Second, we explored whether food insecurity and distance to healthy grocery stores are related to ecological measures of vehicle availability in the area of residence.Design:A secondary data analysis that uses baseline data from a pilot intervention/feasibility study.Setting:Detroit, Michigan, USA.Participants:Patients of Henry Ford Health System were screened for food insecurity to determine eligibility for a pilot intervention/feasibility study (i.e. Henry’s Groceries for Health), conducted through a collaboration with Gleaners Community Foodbank of Southeastern Michigan. Only patients residing in Detroit city limits (including Highland Park and Hamtramck) were included in the secondary analysis. Of the 1,100 patients included in the analysis, 336 (31 %) were food insecure.Results:After accounting for socio-demographic factors associated with food insecurity, we did not find evidence that food insecure patients lived further away from healthier grocery stores, nor was this modified by ecological measures of vehicle access. However, some neighbourhoods were identified as having a significantly higher risk of food insecurity.Conclusions:Food insecure patients in Detroit are perhaps limited by social and political determinants and not their immediate neighbourhood geography or physical access to healthy grocery stores. Future research should explore the complexity in linkages between household socio-economic factors, socio-cultural dynamics and the neighbourhood food environment.
Inlaws, Outlaws, and State Formation in Nineteenth-Century Oklahoma
Authors: Obert Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile much of the federal Department of Justice’s policing bureaucracy was in retrenchment from the 1880s and 1890s, the Indian Territories was the site of some of the most aggressive policing in the nation’s history. Specifically, a series of reforms in US-Indian relations permitted a high level of federal involvement in policing and the management of local order. Using original demographic data on US deputy marshals and criminal gangs active in the Indian Territories, as well as an analysis of media coverage of Oklahoma crime, this article shows that this explosion of state-building was due, in part, to the ways in which kinship rules in Oklahoma allowed racially ambiguous inhabitants to be castigated as “outlaws.” This, in turn, opened up space for the federal marshal apparatus—which was primarily white—to expand its role as the purveyors of local law and order in a manner that had never been possible in the South.
Reconstructing Jurassic‐Cretaceous Intra‐Oceanic Subduction Evolution in the Northwestern Panthalassa Ocean Using Ocean Plate Stratigraphy From Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Boschman Lydian M. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Spakman Wim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlate reconstructions of the Panthalassa Ocean typically portray a simple system of diverging plates surrounded by active margins, yet geological and seismic tomographic records demonstrate that intra‐oceanic subduction existed. Here, we reconstruct the plate tectonic evolution of the pre‐Cretaceous intra‐oceanic Oku‐Niikappu island arc, remnants of which are exposed on Hokkaido, Japan. This arc formed at a Jurassic subduction zone separating two oceanic plates: the Izanagi Plate and the here proposed ‘Izanami’ Plate. The Oku‐Niikappu arc was previously shown to have gone extinct in an intra‐oceanic setting, was subsequently (hyper)extended, and overlain by Berriasian cherts. The extinct arc remained on the Panthalassa ocean floor for ∼45 Myr until its ∼100 Ma accretion to Hokkaido, revealing an original position far from the continental margin and likely above the previously identified Telkhinia slabs. We show that arc extinction coincided with a northwestern Panthalassa plate reorganization recorded by a ∼30° change in spreading direction, and that extinction and subsequent extension of the arc is straightforwardly explained by subduction of the Izanami‐Pacific ridge followed by continued divergence between the Izanagi and Pacific plates. From our reconstruction, it follows that the outer zone of Japan, to which the accretionary complex in which the Oku‐Niikappu Complex resides belongs, was separated from the inner zone by a back‐arc basin during the Early to mid‐Cretaceous. This study illustrates the value of accretionary orogens in the development of plate reconstructions of lost oceanic plates and ancient continental margins, particularly when combined with seismic tomographic and marine geophysical data sets.
Ion Gyro‐Harmonic Structures in Stimulated Emission Excited by X‐Mode High Power HF Radio Waves at EISCAT
Authors: Kalishin A. S. , Blagoveshchenskaya N. F. , Borisova T. D. , Yeoman T. K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe distinctive features of the ion gyro‐harmonic discrete structures in the narrowband stimulated electromagnetic emission (NSEE) spectra (within ±1 kHz of the heater frequency), excited by an extraordinary (X‐mode) polarized high frequency (HF) pump wave in the F‐region of the high latitude ionosphere, are reported. Results were obtained from three sets of experiments at the EISCAT (European incoherent Scatter) HF Heating facility at pump frequencies of 5.423, 6.77 and 7.953 MHz, which are below the fourth, fifth, and sixth electron gyro‐harmonics. High power HF radio waves were radiated in the magnetic field‐aligned direction with an effective radiated power of 238–740 MW. Discrete spectral features, ordered by the ion gyro frequency (for O+ ions), were recorded at a large distance (1,200 km) away from the Heating facility. Up to 10 downshifted discrete ion gyro‐harmonic structures paired with the upshifted spectral components (Stokes and anti‐Stokes modes) in the NSEE spectra have been excited in the course of these experiments. It was found that preconditioning effects have a significant impact on the temporal evolution of the discrete spectral structures. The ion gyro‐harmonic structures coexisted with field‐aligned artificial irregularities (FAIs). Comparing the NSEE and EISCAT incoherent scatter radar observational results, it was concluded that the electron accelerations along and across the geomagnetic field coexist during X‐mode heating. The magnetized stimulated Brillouin scatter and stimulated ion Bernstein scatter are discussed as relevant processes for the observed multiple down‐ and upshifted ion gyro‐harmonic structures in the NSEE spectra.
Large Eddy Simulations of the Dusty Martian Convective Boundary Layer With MarsWRF
Authors: Wu Zhaopeng , Richardson Mark I. , Zhang Xi , Cui Jun , Heavens Nicholas G. , Lee Christopher , Li Tao , Lian Yuan , Newman Claire E. , Soto Alejandro , Temel Orkun , Toigo Anthony D. , Witek Marcin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLarge eddy simulation (LES) of the Martian convective boundary layer (CBL) with a Mars‐adapted version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to examine the impact of aerosol dust radiative‐dynamical feedbacks on turbulent mixing. The LES is validated against spacecraft observations and prior modeling. To study dust redistribution by coherent dynamical structures within the CBL, two radiatively active dust distribution scenarios are used: one in which the dust distribution remains fixed and another in which dust is freely transported by CBL motions. In the fixed dust scenario, increasing atmospheric dust loading shades the surface from sunlight and weakens convection. However, a competing effect emerges in the free dust scenario, resulting from the lateral concentration of dust in updrafts. The resulting enhancement of dust radiative heating in upwelling plumes both generates horizontal thermal contrasts in the CBL and increases buoyancy production, jointly enhancing CBL convection. We define a dust inhomogeneity index (DII) to quantify how much dust is concentrated in upwelling plumes. If the DII is large enough, the destabilizing effect of lateral heating contrasts can exceed the stabilizing effect of surface shading such that the CBL depth increases with increasing dust optical depth. Thus, under certain combinations of total dust optical depth and the lateral inhomogeneity of dust, a positive feedback exists between dust optical depth, the vigor and depth of CBL mixing, and—to the extent that dust lifting is controlled by the depth and vigor of CBL mixing—the further lifting of dust from the surface.
Impact of Vegetation on Lateral Exchanges in a Salt Marsh‐Tidal Creek System
Authors: Ge Jianzhong , Yi Jinxu , Zhang Jingting , Wang Xianye , Chen Changsheng , Yuan Lin , Tian Bo , Ding Pingxing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalt marshes are ecologically and physically essential habitats in coastal intertidal flats. In addition to providing nursery grounds for various wildlife, vegetation in marshes acts as a buffer zone that slows flooding waters. Extensive marsh platforms can also attenuate wave energy to protect coastal communities. Complex geometries make it challenging for models to capture the spatiotemporal variabilities in the transport of lateral water and sediment over tidal creek‐marsh complexes. To study water exchange processes between tidal creeks and marshes, field observations were conducted within tidal creeks in the Chongming Dongtan Shoal of the Changjiang Estuary, an area dominated by Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter, and Spartina alterniflora. A coupled wave‐current‐sediment‐vegetation model that parameterized the three vegetation species was developed and applied to the tidal creek complex of Chongming Dongtan. Validated with the observational data, the modeling results were used to examine the influence of vegetation on flooding/draining processes within tidal creeks and mudflats. The model showed that vegetation not only modified the flow pattern at high tide in the high‐elevation marsh but also significantly intensified the tidal flows in tidal creeks in the low‐elevation regions. Both the observations and model detected significant transport of water and sediment from the marsh to tidal creeks, seaward sediment export over tidal cycles. The simulated salinity exhibited a considerable spatial gradient, matching well with the salt tolerances of the major vegetation types. This model can be potentially used to determine how future scenarios of hydrodynamics could affect vegetation zonation.
Spatial Distribution of CO2, CH4, and N2O in the Great Barrier Reef Revealed Through High Resolution Sampling and Isotopic Analysis
Authors: Reading Michael J. , Maher Damien T. , Santos Isaac R. , Jeffrey Luke C. , Cyronak Tyler J. , McMahon Ashly , Tait Douglas R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMethane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) dynamics in coastal coral reef areas are poorly understood. We measured dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4 (with δ13C‐CO2 and δ13C‐CH4 isotope fractions) and N2O in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to determine spatial distributions and emissions. CO2 (379–589 μatm) was oversaturated due to calcification and riverine sources, as indicated by depleted δ13C‐CO2 values. CH4 (1.5–13.5 nM) was also oversaturated from nearshore biogenic sources indicated by depleted δ13C‐CH4 and probable offshore aerobic production. N2O (5.5–6.6 nM) was generally undersaturated, with uptake highest near the coast. Daily CO2 emissions were 5826 ± 1191 tonnes, with CO2 equivalent (eq) N2O uptake (191 ± 44 tonnes) offsetting 3.3% of CO2 or 89% of CH4eq (214 ± 45 tonnes) emissions based on 20‐year global warming potentials. The GBR was a slight CO2 and CH4 source and N2O sink during our study. However, further work is required to constrain diurnal, seasonal, and spatial dynamics.
Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Changes in an Urban Area of Tokyo, Japan, Due to the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Case Study During the State of Emergency in April–May 2020
Authors: Sugawara H. , Ishidoya S. , Terao Y. , Takane Y. , Kikegawa Y. , Nakajima K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on urban CO2 emissions was investigated using atmospheric observations in the residential area (approximately 4 × 105 m2) in Tokyo, Japan. The measured CO2 flux decreased by 20% ± 3% in April–May 2020 compared to the same period during the past few years. The exchange ratio of O2 and CO2 revealed the breakdown of emission sources; the decrease of flux was due to the decrease in liquid fuel consumption, while household gas fuel consumption was slightly increased; this was also supported by the simultaneously measured CO:CO2 concentration ratio. A human‐activity analysis in the flux footprint area supported the results of the observation; car traffic decreased and household gas consumption increased.
Chondrule Flattening by Shock Recovery Experiments on Unequilibrated Chondrites
Authors: Miyahara Masaaki , Edanaga Junnosuke , Yamaguchi Akira , Kobayashi Takamichi , Sekine Toshimori , Nakamura Ayaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShock recovery experiments were conducted using ALH‐78084 H3 and Y‐793375 L3 chondrites in the shock pressure range of 11–43 GPa to reproduce shock‐induced melting and chondrule flattening. Shock‐induced melt and chondrule flattening in 15 H3, 23 L3, and 23 LL3 ordinary chondrites were also investigated for comparisons. The shock experiments proved that, at least in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, shock‐induced melting occurred beyond 11 GPa. The melting occurs at the boundary between chondrule and matrix. The melts included fine‐grained silicate minerals, glasses, and ameba or spherical metallic Fe–Ni or metallic Fe–Ni–iron sulfide with a eutectic texture that coincided with shock‐induced melts in the investigated H/L/LL3 ordinary chondrites. Shock experiments also proved that shock‐induced flattening of chondrules occurs and the flattening degree increases with increasing shock pressure. Considering the shock experiments not only of ordinary chondrites but also of carbonaceous chondrites, the flattening degree is not significantly affected by the density, porosity, and chondrule/matrix ratio of chondrites. The long axes of chondrules in shocked ALH‐78084 H3 and Y‐793375 L3 chondrites have preferred orientations and the degree increases with increasing shock pressure. It is difficult to estimate quantitatively the shock pressure recorded in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites using the empirical formula between the aspect ratio of chondrules and shock pressure. Nevertheless, the investigated L/LL3 ordinary chondrites with shock‐induced melts had higher aspect ratios (median, 1.36) and more strongly preferred orientations than those without shock‐induced melts (median, 1.25).
Autoantibodies against NMDA receptor 1 modify rather than cause encephalitis
Authors: Wilke Justus B. H. , Hindermann Martin , Berghoff Stefan A. , Zihsler Svenja , Arinrad Sahab , Ronnenberg Anja , Barnkothe Nadine , Steixner-Kumar Agnes A. , Röglin Stefan , Stöcker Winfried , Hollmann Michael , Nave Klaus-Armin , Lühder Fred , Ehrenreich Hannelore 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe etiology and pathogenesis of “anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis” and the role of autoantibodies (AB) in this condition are still obscure. While NMDAR1-AB exert NMDAR-antagonistic properties by receptor internalization, no firm evidence exists to date that NMDAR1-AB by themselves induce brain inflammation/encephalitis. NMDAR1-AB of all immunoglobulin classes are highly frequent across mammals with multiple possible inducers and boosters. We hypothesized that “NMDAR encephalitis” results from any primary brain inflammation coinciding with the presence of NMDAR1-AB, which may shape the encephalitis phenotype. Thus, we tested whether following immunization with a “cocktail” of 4 NMDAR1 peptides, induction of a spatially and temporally defined sterile encephalitis bydiphtheriatoxin-mediated ablation of pyramidal neurons (“DTA” mice) would modify/aggravate the ensuing phenotype. In addition, we tried to replicate a recent report claiming that immunizing just against the NMDAR1-N368/G369 region induced brain inflammation. Mice after DTA induction revealed a syndrome comprising hyperactivity, hippocampal learning/memory deficits, prefrontal cortical network dysfunction, lasting blood brain-barrier impairment, brain inflammation, mainly in hippocampal and cortical regions with pyramidal neuronal death, microgliosis, astrogliosis, modest immune cell infiltration, regional atrophy, and relative increases in parvalbumin-positive interneurons. The presence of NMDAR1-AB enhanced the hyperactivity (psychosis-like) phenotype, whereas all other readouts were identical to control-immunized DTA mice. Non-DTA mice with or without NMDAR1-AB were free of any encephalitic signs. Replication of the reported NMDAR1-N368/G369-immunizing protocol in two large independent cohorts of wild-type mice completely failed. To conclude, while NMDAR1-AB can contribute to the behavioral phenotype of an underlying encephalitis, induction of an encephalitis by NMDAR1-AB themselves remains to be proven.
DEPDC1B regulates the progression of human chordoma through UBE2T-mediated ubiquitination of BIRC5
Authors: Wang Liang , Tang Liang , Xu Ruijun , Ma Junpeng , Tian Kaibing , Liu Yanbin , Lu Yanghu , Wu Zhen , Zhu Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChordoma is a rare bone malignancy with a high rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Although DEP domain-containing protein 1B (DEPDC1B) is implicated in a variety of malignancies, its relationship with chordoma is unclear. In this study, the biological role and molecular mechanism of DEPDC1B in chordoma were explored. The function of DEPDC1B in chordoma cells was clarified through loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, molecular mechanism of DEPDC1B in chordoma cells was recognized by RNA sequencing and Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. The malignant behaviors of DEPDC1B knockdown chordoma cells was significantly inhibited, which was characterized by reduced proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, and hindered migration. Consistently, decreased expression of DEPDC1B suppressed tumor growth in xenograft mice. Mechanically, DEPDC1B affected the ubiquitination of baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) through ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T). Simultaneous downregulation of BIRC5 and DEPDC1B may exacerbate the inhibitory effects of chordoma. Moreover, BIRC5 overexpression reduced the inhibitory effects of DEPDC1B knockdown in chordoma cells. In conclusion, DEPDC1B regulates the progression of human chordoma through UBE2T-mediated ubiquitination of BIRC5, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate target with potential therapeutic value.
Alternative splicing of mRNA in colorectal cancer: new strategies for tumor diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Huang Mengxi , Liu Xiaolong , Huang Yadi , Liu Chao , Zhu Jialong , Fu Gongbo , Lei Zengjie , Chu Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is an important event that contributes to posttranscriptional gene regulation. This process leads to several mature transcript variants with diverse physiological functions. Indeed, disruption of various aspects of this multistep process, such as cis- or trans- factor alteration, promotes the progression of colorectal cancer. Therefore, targeting some specific processes of AS may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the AS events related to colorectal cancer based on research done in the past 5 years. We focus on the mechanisms and functions of variant products of AS that are relevant to malignant hallmarks, with an emphasis on variants with clinical significance. In addition, novel strategies for exploiting the therapeutic value of AS events are discussed.
Hippo-YAP/MCP-1 mediated tubular maladaptive repair promote inflammation in renal failed recovery after ischemic AKI
Authors: Zheng Zhihuang , Li Chuanlei , Shao Guangze , Li Jinqing , Xu Kexin , Zhao Zhonghua , Zhang Zhigang , Liu Jun , Wu Huijuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significant morbidity and its chronic inflammation contributes to subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Yes-associated protein (YAP), the major transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo pathway, has been shown associated with chronic inflammation, but its role and mechanism in AKI-CKD transition remain unclear. Here we aimed to investigate the role of YAP in AKI-induced chronic inflammation. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was used to induce a mouse model of AKI-CKD transition. We used verteporfin (VP), a pharmacological inhibitor of YAP, to treat post-IRI mice for a period, and evaluated the influence of YAP inhibition on long-term outcomes of AKI. In our results, severe IRI led to maladaptive tubular repair, macrophages infiltration, and progressive fibrosis. Following AKI, the Hippo pathway was found significantly altered with YAP persistent activation. Besides, tubular YAP activation was associated with the maladaptive repair, also correlated with interstitial macrophage infiltration. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) was found notably upregulated with YAP activation. Of note, pharmacological inhibition of YAP in vivo attenuated renal inflammation, including macrophage infiltration and MCP-1 overexpression. Consistently, in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced YAP activation and MCP-1 overproduction whereas these could be inhibited by VP. In addition, we modulated YAP activity by RNA interference, which further confirmed YAP activation enhances MCP-1 expression. Together, we concluded tubular YAP activation with maladaptive repair exacerbates renal inflammation probably via promoting MCP-1 production, which contributes to AKI-CKD transition.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: AKT3-mediated IWS1 phosphorylation promotes the proliferation of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas through cell cycle-regulated U2AF2 RNA splicing
Authors: Laliotis Georgios I. , Chavdoula Evangelia , Paraskevopoulou Maria D. , Kaba Abdul , La Ferlita Alessandro , Singh Satishkumar , Anastas Vollter , Nair Keith A. , Orlacchio Arturo , Taraslia Vasiliki , Vlachos Ioannis , Capece Marina , Hatzigeorgiou Artemis , Palmieri Dario , Tsatsanis Christos , Alaimo Salvatore , Sehgal Lalit , Carbone David P. , Coppola Vincenzo , Tsichlis Philip N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAKT-phosphorylated IWS1 regulates alternative RNA splicing via a pathway that is active in lung cancer. RNA-seq studies in lung adenocarcinoma cells lacking phosphorylated IWS1, identified a exon 2-deficientU2AF2splice variant. Here, we show that exon 2 inclusion in theU2AF2mRNA is a cell cycle-dependent process that is regulated by LEDGF/SRSF1 splicing complexes, whose assembly is controlled by the IWS1 phosphorylation-dependent deposition of histone H3K36me3 marks in the body of target genes. The exon 2-deficientU2AF2mRNA encodes a Serine-Arginine-Rich (RS) domain-deficient U2AF65, which is defective inCDCA5pre-mRNA processing. This results in downregulation of theCDCA5-encoded protein Sororin, a phosphorylation target and regulator of ERK, G2/M arrest and impaired cell proliferation and tumor growth. Analysis of human lung adenocarcinomas, confirmed activation of the pathway inEGFR-mutant tumors and showed that pathway activity correlates with tumor stage, histologic grade, metastasis, relapse after treatment, and poor prognosis.