bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperatives Dumping-Syndrom mit nachhaltiger Störung der Glukosehomöostase – Linderung durch Flash-Glukosemessung und individuelle Indikationsstellung für Glucagon-like-Peptide-1(GLP-1)-Rezeptoragonisten
Authors: Leuz Jule , Brecht Laura , Nattermann Jacob , Glowka Tim , Ballmann Clemens , Dahlem Marcus , Schmitz Volker 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Auftreten von Dumping-Syndromen nach Magenresektion/Magenteilresektion ist keine Seltenheit. Die Beschwerden sind vielfältig mit vasomotorischen Reaktionen mit Kollapsneigung und Verdauungsstörungen (Frühdumping) und Blutzuckerentgleisungen aufgrund zu schneller Aufnahme von Glukose im Dünndarm (Spätdumping).Etablierte Therapieansätze führen nicht immer zu den gewünschten Therapieerfolgen. Wie auch im hier vorliegenden Fallbeispiel werden dann individuelle Therapiekonzepte nötig, um die Lebensqualität der Patienten wiederherzustellen.
An Ayurveda Gargle Regimen in Management of Radiotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis
Authors: Wanjarkhedkar Pankaj , Pingley Sonali , Shende Shaileshkumar , Kelkar Dhananjay , Parasnis Amit , Sambhus Mahesh , Phadake Girish , Hingmire Sachin , Kulkarni Padmaj , Deshmukh Chetan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground Radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) in patients with head and neck cancer may lead to significant morbidity. OM may result in erythema, ulceration, and pseudomembrane formation. The usual time of onset is second or third week of radiotherapy (RT), after the doses of 16 to 18 Gy. OM may cause severe pain, significant weight loss, increased resource use, interruption or discontinuation of the treatment, and added cost of supportive care.Materials and Methods Patients who underwent RT and chemoradiation (CTRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) from 2015 to 2016 were included. The patients who were treated with the add-on Ayurveda gargle regimen (AGR) of sapthachhadadi gandoosham were evaluated against patients treated with standard symptomatic care (SSC).Statistical Analysis Chi-square test was used to compare the difference between the two groups in the present study with SPSS (SPSS version 20 for Windows package SPSS Science, Chicago, IL, USA). software.Result Grade III to IV OM was lower in the AGR group when compared with the SSC group (p < 0.001). Onset of OM was significantly delayed in patients from the AGR group (p < 0.001).Conclusion The AGR with sapthachhadadi gandoosham is effective in delaying the onset and reducing severity of OM in HNSCC, without compromising the rate of locoregional recurrence.
ROTEM Testing for Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Korpallová Barbora , Samoš Matej , Bolek Tomáš , Kühnelová Linda , Škorňová Ingrid , Kubisz Peter , Staško Ján , Mokáň Marián 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used worldwide for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and to prevent or treat venous thromboembolism. In situations such as serious bleeding, the need for urgent surgery/intervention or the management of a thromboembolic event, the laboratory measurement of DOACs levels or anticoagulant activity may be required. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a viscoelastic hemostatic assay (VHA) which has been used in emergencies (trauma and obstetrics), and surgical procedures (cardiac surgery and liver transplants), but experience with this assay in DOACs-treated patients is still limited. This article reviews the use of ROTEM in the setting of DOACs therapy, focusing on DOACs-associated bleeding and the use of this VHA for the management of reversal strategies for DOACs-associated anticoagulation.
COVID-19 and Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Time for a Reality Check?
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Henry Brandon Michael , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) comprise a panel of autoantibodies that reflect a potential prothrombotic risk in several autoimmune conditions, most notably antiphospholipid (antibody) syndrome (APS). aPL can be divided into those that form part of the laboratory criteria for APS, namely, lupus anticoagulant (LA), as well as anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) of the immunoglobulin G and M classes, and those that form a group considered as “noncriteria antibodies.” The noncriteria antibodies include, for example, antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (aPS), antiprothrombin antibodies (aPT), and antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex antibodies (aPS/PT). COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) represents a prothrombotic disorder, and there have been several reports of various aPL being present in COVID-19 patients. There have also been similarities drawn between some of the pathophysiological features of COVID-19 and APS, in particular, the most severe form, catastrophic APS (CAPS). In this review, we critically appraise the literature on aPL and COVID-19. This is a companion piece to a separate review focused on LA. In the current review, we primarily concentrate on the so-called solid phase identifiable aPL, such as aCL and aβ2GPI, but also reflect on noncriteria aPL. We conclude that aPL positivity may be a feature of COVID-19, at least in some patients, but in general, identified “solid-phase” aPL are of low titer and not able to be well-linked to the thrombotic aspects of COVID-19. Also, most publications did not assess for aPL persistence, and where persistence was checked, the findings appeared to represent transient aPL. Importantly, high-titer aPL or multiple aPL positivity (including double, triple) were in the minority of COVID-19 presentations, and thus discount any widespread presence of APS, including the most severe form CAPS, in COVID-19 patients.
Evaluation of Two Phenotypic Methods for the Detection of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae Isolates
Authors: Mol P Ronni , Bindayna Khalid Mubarak , Shanthi Ganesan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives AmpC β-lactamases are cephalosporinases that confer resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, penicillin, and β-lactamase inhibitor-β-lactam combinations. Even though the AmpC resistance is reported, but the accurate occurrence of AmpC β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae members is still unknown. Techniques to identify AmpC producers are still evolving but not yet optimized for the clinical laboratory. Here we aimed to compare the test performance of two different phenotypic methods, that is inhibitor-based assay using boronic acid and disk approximation test for AmpC detection in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a tertiary hospital microbiology laboratory.
Materials and Methods The study includes 137 nonrepeat Enterobacteriaceae strains. Bacterial isolates, that yielded a zone diameter of less than 18 mm for cefoxitin by disk diffusion method were considered potential AmpC producers and further confirmed by phenotype methods—inhibitor-based assay using boronic acid and disk approximation test. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the most common plasmid-mediated AmpC genes: ACC, FOX, MOX, DHA, CIT, and EBC.
Results Of the 137 clinical isolates, 58 (42.33%) were cefoxitin resistant, while 53.4 and 18.9% of the cefoxitin-resistant isolates were positive by inhibitor-based assay and disk approximation test. Multiplex PCR detected 42 (30.6%) isolates with AmpC genes. Of the 42 isolates, the inhibitor-based assay detected 25 (59.5%) isolates, while the disk approximation test detected nine (21.4%) isolates.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that inhibitor-based assay using boronic acid can be used for the detection of the isolates that harbor AmpC β-lactamases. This method is cost-effective, simple to perform, and easy to interpret. Thus AmpC detection as a routine in clinical laboratories can help in appropriate therapeutic intervention and improved infection control.
Is Lupus Anticoagulant a Significant Feature of COVID-19? A Critical Appraisal of the Literature
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Henry Brandon Michael , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe term “lupus anticoagulant (LA)” identifies a form of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) causing prolongation of clotting tests in a phospholipid concentration-dependent manner. LA is one of the laboratory criteria identified in patients with antiphospholipid (antibody) syndrome (APS). The presence of LA in patients with APS represents a significant risk factor for both thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. There have been several reports of similarities between some of the pathophysiological features of COVID-19 and APS, in particular the most severe form, catastrophic APS. There have also been many reports identifying various aPLs, including LA, in COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, a very pertinent question arises: “Is LA a feature of COVID-19 pathology?” In this review, we critically appraise the literature to help answer this question. We conclude that LA positivity is a feature of COVID-19, at least in some patients, and potentially those who are the sickest or have the most severe infection. However, many publications have failed to appropriately consider the many confounders to LA identification, being assessed using clot-based assays such as the dilute Russell viper venom time, the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and the silica clotting time. First, most patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are placed on anticoagulant therapy, and those with prior histories of thrombosis would possibly present to hospital already on anticoagulant therapy. All anticoagulants, including vitamin K antagonists, heparin (both unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin), and direct oral anticoagulants affect these clot-based assays. Second, C-reactive protein (CRP) is highly elevated in COVID-19 patients, and also associated with severity. CRP can also lead to false-positive LA, particularly with the aPTT assay. Third, persistence of aPL positivity (including LA) is required to identify APS. Fourth, those at greatest risk of thrombosis due to aPL are those with highest titers or multiple positivity. Most publications either did not identify anticoagulation and/or CRP in their COVID-19 cohorts or did not seem to account for these as possible confounders for LA detection. Most publications did not assess for aPL persistence, and where persistence was checked, LA appeared to represent transient aPL. Finally, high titer aPL or multiple aPL positivity were in the minority of COVID-19 presentations. Thus, at least some of the reported LAs associated with COVID-19 are likely to be false positives, and the relationship between the detected aPL/LA and COVID-19-associated coagulopathy remains to be resolved using larger and better studies.
Investigation of High-Risk ST131 Clone in Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli Isolates in Children
Authors: Bulut Mehmet E. , Hürkal Gülen , Dalgıç Nazan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to children's health. In recent years, high-risk Escherichia coli ST131 has become an important target for global surveillance studies. The E.coli ST131 clone is associated with extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, as well as multidrug resistance and treatment failure. Studies on this clone in the pediatric age group are limited. We aim to investigate the rate of high-risk E. coli ST131 clone in ESBL-positive E. coli isolates obtained from pediatric patients.Methods A total of 292 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from clinical samples of pediatric patients was included in the study. MALDI-TOF MS system was used for bacterial identification. Susceptibility tests were performed using BD Phoenix automated system. ST131 detection was done by MALDI-TOF-MS. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the groups (significance <0.05).Results A total of 292 isolates was analyzed. The high-risk ST131 clone was detected in 117 (40%) of the 292 ESBL-positive isolates. ST131 rates were found to be significantly higher in children under the age of 5 years compared with children over the age of 5 years (49.3 vs. 31.1%, p = 0.0019). Ciprofloxacin resistance was higher in ST131 isolates (45.6 vs. 31.7%; p < 0.05).Conclusion The rate of the ST131 clone was found to be high in the pediatric population. The significantly high rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin, which is not commonly used in the pediatric population, in ST131 isolates reveals the importance of the spread of high-risk clones for the development of resistance.
High-resolution human mobility data reveal race and wealth disparities in disaster evacuation patterns
Authors: Deng Hengfang , Aldrich Daniel P. , Danziger Michael M. , Gao Jianxi , Phillips Nolan E. , Cornelius Sean P. , Wang Qi Ryan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMajor disasters such as extreme weather events can magnify and exacerbate pre-existing social disparities, with disadvantaged populations bearing disproportionate costs. Despite the implications for equity and emergency planning, we lack a quantitative understanding of how these social fault lines translate to different behaviours in large-scale emergency contexts. Here we investigate this problem in the context of Hurricane Harvey, using over 30 million anonymized GPS records from over 150,000 opted-in users in the Greater Houston Area to quantify patterns of disaster-inflicted relocation activities before, during, and after the shock. We show that evacuation distance is highly homogenous across individuals from different types of neighbourhoods classified by race and wealth, obeying a truncated power-law distribution. Yet here the similarities end: we find that both race and wealth strongly impact evacuation patterns, with disadvantaged minority populations less likely to evacuate than wealthier white residents. Finally, there are considerable discrepancies in terms of departure and return times by race and wealth, with strong social cohesion among evacuees from advantaged neighbourhoods in their destination choices. These empirical findings bring new insights into mobility and evacuations, providing policy recommendations for residents, decision-makers, and disaster managers alike.
A magnon scattering platform
Authors: Zhou Tony X. , Carmiggelt Joris J. , Gächter Lisa M. , Esterlis Ilya , Sels Dries , Stöhr Rainer J. , Du Chunhui , Fernandez Daniel , Rodriguez-Nieva Joaquin F. , Büttner Felix , Demler Eugene , Yacoby Amir 
Published: June 2021

Significance
This work describes a general scattering platform that uses magnons to explore the underlying properties of target materials. In this work we show how both phase and amplitude of magnons can be imaged using a nitrogen vacancy center magnetometer and how the scattered pattern of waves can be used to infer geometric and magnetic properties of a target material. To demonstrate this new experimental methodology we use a permalloy disk as our target and show that even with such a simple target unexpected behavior is observed. In addition, we provide a theoretical framework to reconstruct the properties of the target.
Which variables may affect underwater glide performance after a swimming start?
Authors: Hermosilla Francisco , Yustres Inmaculada , Psycharakis Stelios , Santos del Cerro Jesús , González‐Mohíno Fernando , González‐Rave José M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe underwater phase is perhaps the most important phase of the swimming start. To improve performance during the underwater phase, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the key variables affecting this phase. The main aim of this study was to identify key kinematic variables that are associated with the performance of an underwater glide of a swimming start, when performed at streamlined position without underwater undulatory swimming. Sixteen experienced swimmers performed 48 track starts and 20 kinematic variables were analysed. A multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to explore the relationship between glide performance (defined as glide distance) and the variables that may affect glide performance. Four variables in the regression model were identified as good predictors of glide distance: flight distance; average velocity between 5 m and 10 m; and maximum depth of the hip. The results of the present study help improve our understanding of underwater glide optimisation and could potentially facilitate improvement of overall start performance.
China’s geothermal resources development status, problems and suggestions under the background of carbon neutrality
Authors: Shen L , Liu L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The development and utilization of geothermal resources is of great significance to China’s goal of carbon neutrality. Based on the research results of predecessors, through systematic analysis and summary, this paper shows the current research status of geothermal resources (including the utilization of geothermal energy, output characteristics and distribution rules, and classification of geothermal energy) and existing problems (such as unclear understanding of the geothermal formation mode, low survey accuracy and weak basic geothermal geological survey work). Finally, in response to the above-mentioned problems, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the research of China’s geothermal resources in the context of carbon neutrality, such as further strengthening policy support and geothermal resource management; reinforcing basic geological surveys and expand geothermal reserve resources, promoting the integration of professional and intelligent monitoring station networks.
Study on Ultrasonic-assisted Water Extraction of Polysaccharides from Sunflower Tray
Authors: Fei Yingmin , Liu Xinci , Zhang Gensheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sunflower tray has been widely studied in recent years because of its rich polysaccharide. In this study, sunflower tray powder was used as raw materialto optimizing the process parameters of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides. Single-factor experiments were used to explore the effects of material-liquid ratio, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of polysaccharides; response surface experiments were used to optimize the process parameters for the optimal polysaccharide extraction rate. The experimental results show that: the ratio of material to liquid is 1:37, the ultrasonic temperature is 52.50°C, and the ultrasonic time is 31min, the ultrasonic power is 300W. Extracted twice under this condition, the yield of sunflower tray polysaccharide reached 10.15%, the polysaccharide extraction process is reproducible and stable.
Research on Effectiveness Assessment of Ecological Conservation in Xinjiang Based on the Cloud Model
Authors: Ke Yin , Linsheng Jiang , Jimin Chen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming for effective ecological conservation in Xinjiang, an effectiveness assessment system is built on the cloud model to examine the controllability of ecological conservation based on the practice in Xinjiang. It has been found that the cloud model for effectiveness assessment fully takes into account ambiguity and randomness where the expert review falls short and can effectively improve the influence of subjective factors in the assessment of ecological conservation through parameter setting and calculation. Therefore, it leads to accurate and practical assessment results. These findings can play an important referential role in improving the practicality and effectiveness of ecological conservation in Xinjiang.
Screening of imbibition surfactant in inter-salt shale reservoir
Authors: Li Fengxia , Wang Haibo , Tang Jiandong , Shen Yunqi , Wang Di 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Under the current environment of low oil price, surfactant enhanced oil recovery technology is more economic and feasible without changing fracturing technology and adding special equipment. Surfactant enhanced oil recovery is induced by decreasing interfacial tension and changing wettability. However, there are many kinds of surfactant, and the reservoir conditions and rock types are different, so the first requirement of enhanced oil recovery is to select the surfactant which is suitable for the target reservoir. In view of the characteristics of high temperature and high salinity in inter-salt shale reservoir, in this paper, several surfactant types were selected and negative/non-composite surfactants were screened out by taking the adhesion work reduction factor related to imbibition resistance as the main index. This study is of practical significance for hydraulic fracturing reservoirs with surfactant enhanced oil recovery technology.
Technologies selection to prevent and control excrement pollution from livestock and poultry farming in Huang-Huai-Hai Region
Authors: Du Zhiwei , Liu Yuexian , Zhang Ruili , Wu Yu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Taking nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals and antibiotics as selection indicators, the fuzzy matter element analysis based on the entropy weight method was used to evaluate and select the technologies to prevent and control excrement pollution from intensive livestock and poultry farming in the Huang-Huai-Hai (HHH) Region, with the combination of Euclid approach degree. The results showed that the N change rate and the passivation rate of heavy metals in the excrement pollution treatment technologies accounted for higher weights, indicating that the difference between N and heavy metals in different treatment technologies was large. When choosing treatment technology, priority could be given to the technologies to prevent and control N and heavy metals. According to the final evaluation results, the technology of multi-level ecological and in-depth treatment was better for the liquid manure, while the technology of reactor composting was better for the treatment of solid manure.
Emergency gate closing in a Kaplan turbine intake for runaway condition: CFD transient study for two-phase flow and experimental validation
Authors: Rivetti A , Angarita G , Angulo M , Botero F , Liscia S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to prevent a turbine to reach its runaway speed when load rejection occurs, an emergency closing system must be devised in case the regulation system fails. For Kaplan turbines, fixed wheel gates located in the turbine intake or in the draft tube outlet are usually employed. Gates of this type are move by gravity and the closing velocity is controlled by gantry cranes. The closing maneuver is complex due to the high flow rates inherent to runaway conditions and the rotational deceleration during the gate’s closing time. Research on this topic is scarce and limited, and numerical studies are usually clouded by uncertainties concerning the setting of proper boundary conditions. In this work, the closing maneuver of the emergency fixed wheel gates at the intake of a Kaplan turbine was studied with CFD two-phase transient simulation. The software used was ANSYS CFX, that solves unsteady Navier-Stokes equations (URANS) by means of the finite volume method. The simulated domain includes a 2D case from one of the span of the semi-spiral casing and a 3D case of a complete span. Two types of simulation were considered, namely: quasi-steady state, where the position of the gate is fixed; and full transient state, where the gate movement was modelled by an immersed solid model. In search of the optimum model layout with its set of boundary conditions, numerical results were compared and validated against experiments performed on a physical scale model in accordance with IEC 60193 norms for several turbulence models. Results show that the pull-up force on the gate increases as it is being closed. Analysis of pressure fluctuation at different points of the gate suggest that the main frequency component is the vortex shedding of the gate lip.