bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illness scripts in nursing: Directed content analysis
Authors: Vreugdenhil Jettie , Döpp Donna , Custers Eugène J. F. M. , Reinders Marcel E. , Dobber Jos , Kusukar Rashmi A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the possible extension of the illness script theory used in medicine to the nursing context.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsThe study was conducted between September 2019 and March 2020. Expert nurses were asked to think aloud about 20 patient problems in nursing. A directed content analysis approach including quantitative data processing was used to analyse the transcribed data.ResultsThrough the analysis of 3912 statements, scripts were identified and a nursing script model is proposed; the medical illness script, including enabling conditions, fault and consequences, is extended with management, boundary, impact, occurrence and explicative statements. Nurses often used explicative statements when pathophysiological causes are absent or unknown. To explore the applicability of Illness script theory we analysed scripts’ richness and maturity with descriptive statistics. Expert nurses, like medical experts, had rich knowledge of consequences, explicative statements and management of familiar patient problems.ConclusionThe knowledge of expert nurses about patient problems can be described in scripts; the components of medical illness scripts are also relevant in nursing. We propose to extend the original illness script concept with management, explicative statements, boundary, impact and occurrence, to enlarge the applicability of illness scripts in the nursing domain.ImpactIllness scripts guide clinical reasoning in patient care. Insights into illness scripts of nursing experts is a necessary first step to develop goals or guidelines for student nurses’ development of clinical reasoning. It might lay the groundwork for future educational strategies.
High‐risk features and predictors of unexplained syncope in the young SCD‐SOS cohort
Authors: Carrington Mafalda , Pais João , Brás Diogo , Creta Antonio , Teixeira Rogério , Gonçalves Lino , Providência Rui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Sudden Cardiac Death‐Screening of Risk FactOrS survey included a 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) plus a digital‐based questionnaire and aimed to screen for warning signs of diseases that may course with sudden cardiac death in children and young adults. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of unexplained syncope (US) and characterize its high‐risk features and predictors in this cohort.Methods and ResultsWe determined the most probable etiology of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) episodes based on clinical criteria. US was an exclusion diagnosis and we analyzed its potential clinical and ECG predictors. Among 11 878 individuals, with a mean age of 21 ± 6 (range 6–40) years old, the cumulative incidence of TLOC was 26.5%, 76.2% corresponding to females. Reflex syncope was present in 66.4%, orthostatic hypotension in 8.2%, and 14.8% of the individuals had US. Unexplained syncope was independently associated with age < 18 years old (odds ratio [OR] 1.695; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–2.29, p = .001), male gender (OR 1.642; 95% CI 1.22–2.22, p = .001), participation in competitive sports (OR 1.644; 95% CI 1.01–2.66, p = .043), syncope during exertion and/or palpitations preceding syncope (OR 2.556; 95% CI 1.92–3.40, p < .001), syncope after exertion (OR 2.662; 95% CI 1.73–4.10, p < .001), fever context (OR 9.606; 95% CI 4.13–22.34, p < .001), isolated previous syncopal episode (OR 2.780; 95% CI 0.2.06–3.75, p < .001), and history of palpitations requiring medical care (OR 1.945; 95% CI 1.14–3.31, p = .014). We found no ECG predictors of US in this population.ConclusionsThe cumulative incidence of TLOC in children and young adults is high and remains unexplained in an important proportion of individuals. We identified eight clinical characteristics that may be useful for the risk stratification of individuals evaluated in a nonacute setting.
Overexpression of lncRNA SLC26A4‐AS1 inhibits papillary thyroid carcinoma progression through recruiting ETS1 to promote ITPR1‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Peng Dong , Li Wenfa , Zhang Bojuan , Liu Xuefen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), accounting for approximately 85% cases of thyroid cancer, is a common endocrine tumour with a relatively low mortality but an alarmingly high rate of recurrence or persistence. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is emerging as a critical player modulating diverse cellular mechanisms correlated with the progression of various cancers, including PTC. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA SLC26A4‐AS1 in regulating autophagy and tumour growth during PTC progression. Initially, ITPR1 was identified by bioinformatics analysis as a differentially expressed gene. Then, Western blot and RT‐qPCR were conducted to determine the expression of ITPR1 and SLC26A4‐AS1 in PTC tissues and cells, both of which were found to be poorly expressed in PTC tissues and cells. Then, we constructed ITPR1‐overexpressing cells and revealed that ITPR1 overexpression could trigger the autophagy of PTC cells. Further, we performed a series of gain‐ and loss‐of function experiments. The results suggested that silencing of SLC26A4‐AS1 led to declined ITPR1 level, up‐regulation of ETS1 promoted ITPR1 expression, and either ETS1 knockdown or autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 could mitigate the promoting effects of SLC26A4‐AS1 overexpression on PTC cell autophagy. In vivo experiments also revealed that SLC26A4‐AS1 overexpression suppressed PTC tumour growth. In conclusion, our study elucidated that SLC26A4‐AS1 overexpression promoted ITPR1 expression through recruiting ETS1 and thereby promotes autophagy, alleviating PTC progression. These finding provides insight into novel target therapy for the clinical treatment of PTC.
Activation of formyl peptide receptor 1 elicits therapeutic effects against collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Park Byunghyun , Lee Mingyu , Kim Sang Doo , Jeong Yu Sun , Kim Ji Cheol , Yang Siyoung , Kim Hye Young , Bae Yoe‐Sik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder which shows production of autoantibodies, inflammation, bone erosion, swelling and pain in joints. In this study, we examined the effects of an immune‐modulating peptide, WKYMVm, that is an agonist for formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). Administration of WKYMVm into collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice, an animal model for RA, attenuated paw thickness, clinical scores, production of type II collagen‐specific antibodies and inflammatory cytokines. WKYMVm treatment also decreased the numbers of TH1 and TH17 cells in the spleens of CIA mice. WKYMVm attenuated TH1 and TH17 differentiation in a dendritic cell (DC)‐dependent manner. WKYMVm‐induced beneficial effects against CIA and WKYMVm‐attenuated TH1 and TH17 differentiation were reversed by cyclosporin H but not by WRW4, indicating a crucial role of FPR1. We also found that WKYMVm augmented IL‐10 production from lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated DCs and WKYMVm failed to suppress TH1 and TH17 differentiation in the presence of anti‐IL‐10 antibody. The therapeutic administration of WKYMVm also elicited beneficial outcome against CIA. Collectively, we demonstrate that WKYMVm stimulation of FPR1 in DCs suppresses the generation of TH1 and TH17 cells via IL‐10 production, providing novel insight into the function of FPR1 in regulating CIA pathogenesis.
Real‐world effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe hidradenitis suppurativa: the 1‐year SOLACE study
Authors: Gulliver W. , Alavi A. , Wiseman M.C. , Gooderham M.J. , Rao J. , Alam M.S. , Papp K.A. , Desjardins O. , Jean C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term, real‐word data are needed to help manage patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) through this recurrent, painful and debilitating disease.ObjectivesTo primarily measure real‐world effectiveness of adalimumab in HS and to secondarily observe clinical course of HS in the light of patients’ response.MethodsIn SOLACE, adults with moderate‐to‐severe HS in need for change in ongoing therapy were treated with adalimumab for up to 52 weeks as per physician’s medical practice. Treatment effectiveness was measured by Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR). Inflammatory nodules, abscesses and draining fistulas were counted, Hurley stage was assessed, and disease severity was rated using the International HS Severity Scoring System (IHS4). A post hoc analysis further explored the HiSCR response by abscess and inflammatory nodule (AN) count at baseline (low, medium and high) and gender. Spontaneously reported safety events were collected.ResultsFrom 23 Canadian centres, 69% of the 138 patients achieved HiSCR at week 24, which increased to 82% and 75% at week 52 in patients with medium and high AN counts, respectively. Gender (4 times the odds for female) and age at HS onset (5% decrease with each additional year) had an effect on achieving HiSCR. Treatment with adalimumab led to an important decrease in number of lesions in responders, with most gains observed in inflammatory nodules, more frequently in the lower body area of patients in the high AN count group. The IHS4 scores of responders were substantially lowered, with a larger decrease in patients of the high AN count group. No new safety signal was detected.ConclusionsThe effectiveness of adalimumab was maintained during this 1‐year period, and an optimal gain was documented for patients with medium and high AN counts. These real‐world data support a prompt treatment of HS patients and the use of IHS4 to monitor treatment.
The effectiveness of educational programmes in promoting sun protection among children under the age of 18: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sim W.M.B. , Zeng M.X. , Rojas‐Garcia A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChildhood ultraviolet radiation exposure has a strong connection to the development of skin cancer in later life. Therefore, there have been numerous sun protection educational programmes targeted to this age group. However, the association between these have not been well established. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence on, and assess, the effectiveness of educational programmes in improving sun protection among children under age‐18. The protocol was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020178264). Per PRISMA guidelines, bibliographic databases CENTRAL, OVID (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO), LILACS, trial registries, grey literature and other sources were systematically searched for randomized controlled and clinical controlled trials published between database inception to 9 June 2020. Dual independent review of abstracts and full texts was performed. Eligible studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. The primary outcome was postintervention scores [standardized mean difference (SMD)] for sun protection (i) knowledge (ii) attitudes and beliefs (iii) behavioural intentions and behaviours. Sidik‐Jonkman random effects meta‐analysis, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed for specific outcomes (sunscreen and sun‐safe hat use) which were sufficiently reported. 1350 publications were identified and 24 eligible trials, conducted across 8 different countries, with sufficient aggregate data were included. Small‐to‐moderate effects of educational programmes were observed across all sun protection outcomes of interest, but negligible effect sizes were demonstrated when specific outcomes were meta‐analysed – sunscreen use, SMD 0.18 (95% CI 0.07–0.29; n = 8) and sun‐safe hat use, SMD 0.08 (95% CI, 0.00–0.16; n = 6). A promising approach in the future may be to consider targeting children in secondary education with a digitally delivered interactive intervention. Current evidence, however, is insufficient to assess the effects of potential moderators and change in sun protection outcomes is likely not one‐size‐fits‐all. Further research is warranted to direct intervention design and public policy.
Dispersal reduces interspecific competitiveness by spreading locally harmful traits
Authors: Freedberg Steven , Urban Caroline , Cunniff Brianna M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJust as intraorganismal selection can produce “selfish” elements that lower individual fitness, selection at the organismal level can favour traits that reduce the fitness of conspecifics and potentially impact population survival. Because dispersal can affect how these traits are distributed within species, it may determine whether their negative consequences are restricted locally or spread throughout the species' range. We present an individual‐based simulation model that explores the interaction between dispersal rate and traits that increase individual fecundity at the expense of conspecific fitness. We first modelled dispersal as a trait that varied within species and then fixed the within‐species dispersal rates and modelled competition between species that differed only in dispersal rate. Reproductive isolation allowed species differences in dispersal rates to become associated with traits moulded by intraspecific competition, but this association did not occur when dispersal variation was distributed within species due to recombination between the dispersal and competition loci. Alleles that reduced the fitness of conspecifics were maintained at lower frequencies in low‐dispersal species, resulting in a competitive advantage over high‐dispersing species. Although high‐dispersal species initially outcompeted low‐dispersal species owing to enhanced colonization opportunities, low‐dispersal species ultimately showed greater representation across a range of ecological and genetic scenarios. This process may shift the makeup of communities over time towards a greater representation of low‐dispersal species.
Evaluation of the virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes as a biological control agents against Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Gryllotalpidae)
Authors: Nouh Gehan M. , Adly Dalia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe European mole cricket Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa Linnaeus (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) is a key pest of several crops in different regions of the world. The mole crickets usually damage seedlings, feeding aboveground on foliage or stem tissue and belowground on roots and tubers. In biological control, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used against many insect pests inhabiting the soil as safe alternatives to chemical pesticides. The present study aimed to evaluate the virulence of the EPNs Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain (HP88) and Steinernema carpocapsae strain (All) against the adults of European mole cricket G. gryllotalpa under laboratory and field conditions. Three concentrations of each of the EPNs H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae were tested against G. gryllotalpa. Infected adults of the pest with nematodes, at the concentration of 2000/cup, attained a mortality rate of (96%), when treated with S. carpocapsae and (72%) when treated with H. bacteriophora 8 days post‐treatments. Mortality percentage of G. gryllotalpa adults increased as the concentration of the nematodes increased. Adults' mortality of G. gryllotalpa reached 100% when treated with the combination of the 2 nematode's strains at all concentrations 4 days post‐treatments. At the 3 tested concentrations, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 IJs/adults, H. bacteriophora showed a higher reproductive rate in vivo than S. carpocapsae. A single adult of G. gryllotalpa treated with H. bacteriophora produced the average of 29,972, 74,768 and 140,474 IJs/adult, at the 3 concentrations, respectively. Under field application, a combination of EPNs successfully reduced the loss of the cabbage seedlings and the population's number of the mole crickets after 3 applications in the 2 seasons of (2019 and 2020). Therefore, EPNs as biological control agents can be recommended against the mole cricket G. gryllotalpa in vegetable crops as s pest management practice in an integrated pest management programme.
Neurocognitive functioning of children with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities and psychiatric disorders: profile characteristics and predictors of behavioural problems
Authors: Santegoeds E. , van der Schoot E. , Roording‐Ragetlie S. , Klip H. , Rommelse N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the current study was twofold: first, to uncover a neurocognitive profile of normative and relative strengths and weaknesses that characterises an extremely vulnerable group of children with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID) and co‐morbid psychiatric disorders, and second, to investigate the relevance of these neurocognitive functions explaining internalising and externalising symptoms.MethodWe recruited 45 children (Mage = 9.5, SDage = 1.7; range 6–13 years) with MBID (Full‐Scale IQ 50–85) and at least one psychiatric disorder. Neurocognitive functioning was examined utilising the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fifth Edition (WISC‐V) indices and the Cognitive Task Application (COTAPP), a comprehensive computerised self‐paced task designed in such a manner that ‘g’ (an overall tendency of children with MBID to execute tasks with a slower reaction time and a higher error rate) has been corrected for in the administration of the task (i.e. completely self‐paced) and in the operationalisation of outcome measures. Behavioural problems were measured using the CBCL and TRF. One‐sample t‐tests and binomial tests were carried out to compare performance with normative data. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between neurocognitive parameters and mental health.ResultsCompared with normative data, very small to very large effect sizes were found, indicating clear heterogeneity amongst neurocognitive domains relevant for children with MBID. Two prominent neurocognitive weaknesses emerged: processing speed – characterised by slowness and unstableness combined with a high drift rate and delayed processing of the previous trial, particularly under higher cognitive demands – and working memory – in terms of a weaker central executive and ‘slave’ systems to temporarily store information. Both domains were not clearly predictive of internalising or externalising problems.ConclusionChildren with MBID and psychiatric disorders are hampered by a strongly diminished processing speed and working memory capacity, together resulting in an overall limited processing capacity that may underlie the general developmental delays on domains that depend on fast and parallel processing of information (i.e. language, reading, mathematics and more complex forms of social cognition). Neurocognitive vulnerabilities are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain internalising and externalising problems; rather, a mismatch between the support needs and adaptations these children need, arising from their diminished processing capacity, and the inadequacy of the environment to compensate for this vulnerability may be of relevance.
Suppression of amyloid‐β secretion from neurons by cis‐9, trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid, an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Hata Saori , Kano Kuniyuki , Kikuchi Kazunori , Kinoshita Shoichi , Sobu Yuriko , Saito Haruka , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Sano Yoshitake , Taru Hidenori , Aoki Junken , Komano Hiroto , Tomita Taisuke , Natori Shunji , Suzuki Toshiharu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo common conjugated linoleic acids (LAs), cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA (c9,t11 CLA) and trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA (t10,c12 CLA), exert various biological activities. However, the effect of CLA on the generation of neurotoxic amyloid‐β (Aβ) protein remains unclear. We found that c9,t11 CLA significantly suppressed the generation of Aβ in mouse neurons. CLA treatment did not affect the level of β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a component of active γ‐secretase complex presenilin 1 amino‐terminal fragment, or Aβ protein precursor (APP) in cultured neurons. BACE1 and γ‐secretase activities were not directly affected by c9,t11 CLA. Localization of BACE1 and APP in early endosomes increased in neurons treated with c9,t11 CLA; concomitantly, the localization of both proteins was reduced in late endosomes, the predominant site of APP cleavage by BACE1. The level of CLA‐containing phosphatidylcholine (CLA‐PC) increased dramatically in neurons incubated with CLA. Incorporation of phospholipids containing c9,t11 CLA, but not t10,c12 CLA, into the membrane may affect the localization of some membrane‐associated proteins in intracellular membrane compartments. Thus, in neurons treated with c9,t11 CLA, reduced colocalization of APP with BACE1 in late endosomes may decrease APP cleavage by BACE1 and subsequent Aβ generation. Our findings suggest that the accumulation of c9,t11 CLA‐PC/LPC in neuronal membranes suppresses the production of neurotoxic Aβ in neurons.
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Systemic inflammation induced the delayed reduction of excitatory synapses in the CA3 during ageing
Authors: Manabe Tatsuya , Rácz Ildikó , Schwartz Stephanie , Oberle Linda , Santarelli Francesco , Emmrich Julius V. , Neher Jonas J. , Heneka Michael T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) represents diverse cerebral dysfunctions in response to pathogen‐induced systemic inflammation. Peripheral exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the gram‐negative bacterial cell wall, has been extensively used to model systemic inflammation. Our previous studies suggested that LPS led to hippocampal neuron death and synaptic destruction in vivo. However, the underlying roles of activated microglia in these neuronal changes remained unclear. Here, LPS from two different bacterial strains (Salmonella enterica or E. coli) were compared and injected in 14‐ to 16‐month‐old mice and evaluated for neuroinflammation and neuronal integrity in the hippocampus at 7 or 63 days post‐injection (dpi). LPS injection resulted in persistent neuroinflammation lasting for seven days and a subsequent normalisation by 63 dpi. Of note, increases in proinflammatory cytokines, microglial morphology and microglial mean lysosome volume were more pronounced after E. coli LPS injection than Salmonella LPS at 7 dpi. While inhibitory synaptic puncta density remained normal, excitatory synaptic puncta were locally reduced in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 63 dpi. Finally, we provide evidence that excitatory synapses coated with complement factor 3 (C3) decreased between 7 dpi and 63 dpi. Although we did not find an increase of synaptic pruning by microglia, it is plausible that microglia recognised and eliminated these C3‐tagged synapses between the two time points of investigation. Since a region‐specific decline of CA3 synapses has previously been reported during normal ageing, we postulate that systemic inflammation may have accelerated or worsened the CA3 synaptic changes in the ageing brain.
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