bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment reduces the occurrence of both dry socket and post-extraction pain after third molar extraction: An observational study
Authors: Otake Hiroki , Sato Yoko , Nakatani Eiji , Hawke Philip , Takei Shingo , Ogino Akihiko , Asai Hideaki , Abe Atsushi , Fukuta Kohta , Adachi Moriyasu 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
Dry socket and post-extraction pain are typical discomforts experienced by patients after tooth extraction. In this study, we inserted gauze coated with oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment into the extraction socket immediately after lower third molar extraction and then evaluated the occurrence of dry socket and post-extraction pain compared with gauze non-insertion.

Methods
This retrospective study was carried out on patients undergoing lower third molar extraction in the Department of Oral Surgery at Shizuoka Prefectural General Hospital in Shizuoka, Japan from November 2018 to October 2019. A comparison was carried out between a gauze-insertion group and a non-insertion group. The occurrence versus non-occurrence of dry socket was determined, and degree of pain was assessed based on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and on patients reporting the number of loxoprofen sodium oral analgesic tablets (60mg/tablet) that they had taken. Dry socket was defined as patient-reported spontaneous pain that did not subside 1 to 3 days postoperatively. Spontaneous post-extraction pain was recorded four times: on the operative day, on the first postoperative day (POD1), on POD3, and during suture removal (POD7).

Results
The occurrence of dry socket was lower in the gauze-insertion group than in the non-insertion group (0.9%, 2/215 vs. 19.6%, 9/46, p<0.001). The results also showed that both VAS-defined pain level and the number of analgesic tablets taken were lower in the gauze-insertion group than in the non-insertion group on POD3 and POD7.

Conclusions and clinical relevance
Inserting gauze coated with oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment into the extraction socket immediately after third molar extraction reduces the occurrence of both dry socket and post-extraction pain.
Is pedagogical training an essential requirement for inclusive education? The case of faculty members in the area of Social and Legal Sciences in Spain
Authors: Lopez-Gavira Rosario , Orozco Inmaculada , Doménech Ana 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
This study investigates the profiles of 25 faculty members of the area of Social and Legal Sciences, from seven Spanish universities, who were selected by students with disabilities. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to understand why, despite their lack of pedagogical and disability training, they are considered to be inclusive faculty members.

Objective
For this purpose, we analysed the professional characteristics of these academics, their conceptions about disability, what actions they carry out to provide an inclusive response and how they consider that the current situation of university students with disabilities could be improved.

Methods
Semi-structured individual interviews were used to collect the data. Subsequently, a progressive analysis of the data was performed, using an inductive system of categories and codes.

Results and conclusions
The results show that these faculty are responsible, involved and committed to their teaching performance. Moreover, they regard reasonable adjustments as a fundamental requirement to handle the different needs of students with disabilities. This paper–which can also be useful for faculty and researchers in other areas of knowledge–comes to the conclusion that training is relevant for becoming an inclusive faculty member. Nevertheless, good will and eagerness to do one’s job properly are even more important aspects.
Travel Bubble Policy Supporting between Thailand and Laos: Evidence from Tourist Market Integration Testing
Authors: CHUSAKUL Wisitsiri , NONTHAPOT Sakkarin 
Published: July 2021

This paper examines international tourist market integration for international tourists from China, Japan, Malaysia, Korea and USA visiting Thailand and Laos for supporting the travel bubble policy. These are being integrated to be offered as a single destination, using quarterly data from 2001 to 2019. The cointegration test of the ARDL approach assesses the number of international tourists. The results of the research show that the tourism markets of Thailand and Laos are integrated. In the short run, international tourists from China and Malaysia who visit Laos also visit Thailand. Bi-directional causality was evident for tourists from Japan, Korea and the USA. For long run causality, tourists from Japan, Malaysia, Korea and the USA who visit Laos also visit Thailand. Therefore, we can confirm that both Thailand and Laos follow the single destination policy and both countries are complementary tourism destinations for international tourists. Therefore, this study confirms that Thailand and Laos can be launch the travel bubble policy. The Thailand and Laos governments should target tourism markets by travel bubble policy with special protocols that is designed to improve competitiveness or to enhance tourism market efficiency.
Sharp conditions on global existence and blow-up in a degenerate two-species and cross-attraction system
Authors: Carrillo Antonio José , Lin Ke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider a degenerate chemotaxis model with two-species and two-stimuli in dimensiond≥ 3 and find two critical curves intersecting at one point which separate the global existence and blow up of weak solutions to the problem. More precisely, above these curves (i.e. subcritical case), the problem admits a global weak solution obtained by the limits of strong solutions to an approximated system. Based on the second moment of solutions, initial data are constructed to make sure blow up occurs in finite time on and below these curves (i.e. critical and supercritical cases). In addition, the existence or non-existence of minimizers of free energy functional is discussed on the critical curves and the solutions exist globally in time if the size of initial data is small. We also investigate the crossing point between the critical lines in which a refined criteria in terms of the masses is given again to distinguish the dichotomy between global existence and blow up. We also show that the blow ups is simultaneous for both species.
Perspectives on the current state of pre-clerkship clinical reasoning instruction in United States medical schools: a survey of clinical skills course directors
Authors: Gupta Shanu , Jackson Jennifer M. , Appel Joel L. , Ovitsh Robin K. , Oza Sandra K. , Pinto-Powell Roshini , Chow Candace J. , Roussel Danielle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical reasoning skills are essential for sound medical decision-making. Though many have suggested that clinical reasoning instruction should begin in pre-clerkship curricula, neither pre-clerkship clinical skills director perspectives nor extent of instruction is known. This survey study serves as part of a needs assessment for United States medical school pre-clerkship clinical reasoning curricula.

Methods
United States medical school pre-clerkship clinical skills course directors were surveyed about perceived importance of formal instruction on clinical reasoning concepts, inclusion of these concepts in the curricula, barriers to instruction, and familiarity with clerkship curricula. Results were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Narrative comments were analyzed qualitatively for themes.

Results
Of 148 directors surveyed, 102 (69%) participated and 89 (60%) completed all closed-ended items. Each clinical reasoning concept was identified as somewhat to extremely important to include in pre-clerkship curricula by 90–99% of respondents. Pre-clerkship curricula included variable degrees of formal instruction for concepts, though most respondents rated their inclusion as moderate or extensive. Perceived importance of teaching most concepts moderately correlated with the degree of inclusion in the curriculum (Spearman’s rho 0.39–0.44). Curricular time constraints and lack of faculty with skills to teach these concepts were the most frequently cited barriers to instruction. Respondents indicated being somewhat 57% (n=54) to extremely 29% (n=27) familiar with clerkship curricula at their institutions.

Conclusions
This study is the first to examine pre-clerkship clinical skills course director perspectives about clinical reasoning instruction and extent of its inclusion in their curricula.
Towards modular and scalable on-board computer architecture
Authors: Kulau Ulf , Herpel Juergen , Qedar Ran , Rosenthal Patrick , Krieger Joachim , Schoen Friedrich , Masar Ivan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The demand for satellites and space systems with ever-increasing avionics requirements is constantly growing, whether in the field of satellite communications or earth observation. Traditional architectures for Data Handling Systems (DHS) on satellites are reaching their limits in terms of flexibility, interoperability and reusability, while slowing down the innovation cycle due to costly qualification. With regard to commercial and industrial solutions, it is evident that ‘plug and play’-like systems based on open standards can overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages. For this reason, this paper describes how open standards could affect the architecture of future satellite DHSs. In particular it shows an transition path from the traditional federated architecture to a centralized but modular architecture based on adapted industrial standards.
Analysis of the side effect of QTc interval prolongation in the bedaquiline regimen in drug resistant tuberculosis patients
Authors: Ardhianto Denny , Suharjono  , Soedarsono  , Fatmawati Umi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Indonesia is one of the top 20 countries with the highest prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) worldwide with a percentage of new cases of 2.4% and retreatment of 13%. Bedaquiline (BDQ) is one of the drugs that used in the individual long regimen treating DR-TB. BDQ is also combined with levofloxacin (LFX) and/or clofazimine (CFZ) that can cause QTc interval prolongation. The aim was to study the differences in the use of BDQ regimens to the lengthening of the QTc interval and to study risk factors (diabetes, hypokalemia, sex, BMI, and age) in BDQ regimen.

Methods
This study was an observational retrospective study with a total sampling method, which was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Samples from this study were patients diagnosed with DR-TB at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in the period of January 2015–December 2019 who used BDQ regimen and met the inclusion criteria. The ECG data were analyzed from the mean of each group (BDQ regimen and risk factors), also analyzed using statistical analysis.

Results
Data obtained from total sample in this study were 73 patients. The most widely used different regimens in this study were the combination of BDQ + LFX by 36 patients (49.3%), BDQ + LFX + CFZ by 16 patients (21.9%), BDQ by 11 patients (15.1%) and BDQ + CFZ 10 patients (13.7%). Out of 73 patients, 52 patients (71.2%) experienced lengthening of the QT interval and grade 1 of QTc interval prolongation occurred in most patients and also the onset was mostly one month after using BDQ regimen. The side effects of QTc interval prolongation from groups of combination and risk factors were no difference in each month (p>0.05).

Conclusions
This study can be concluded that there were no differences in the QTc prolongation between the groups of BDQ regimen (BDQ, BDQ + LFX, BDQ + CFZ and BDQ + LFX + CFZ) and the groups of risk factors.
Antibiotic use on acute respiratory tract infection nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea in Primary Health Care Centre in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Wardani Rizky Liestya , Suharjono  , Kuntaman  , Widjaja Agus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea are the most common cases in primary health care centre (PHCC) in Indonesia with the enormous use of antibiotics. The aims of this study were to analyze the antibiotic use and factors affected to the quality of antibiotic use in PHCC in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Methods
The study was conducted in four PHCCs, two in urban and two in rural areas. All of the patients visited these PHCCs since March to April 2018 were recruited as samples after signing informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.

Results
There were no significant difference in antibiotic use between urban and rural PHCC, both on ARTI nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea. The most prescribed antibiotics were amoxycillin and cephadroxil. Based on DDD/1,000 patients-day calculation, the quantity of antibiotics in urban PHCC was 3,544.4 and in rural PHCC was 3,478.6. Physicians with more than seven years of service, both in rural and urban PHCCs, were prescribe the antibiotics higher than who had been working for shorter period. There were no significant difference between physicians who had trained on rational drug use and had not trained yet in urban PHCC (p=0.874), while in rural PHCC there were a significant difference among them.

Conclusions
The quantitative analysis showed that the antibiotics use in DDD in urban PHCC was 3,544.416 and in rural PHCC was 3,478.693. Factors affected to the quality of antibiotic use were physician’s years of service and rational drug use training’s.
Thymoquinone and its derivatives against breast cancer with HER2 positive: in silico studies of ADMET, docking and QSPR
Authors: Wulandari Adinda Adelia , Choiri Achmad Aziz , Fitria  , Widiandani Tri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The high prevalence of HER2-positive breast cancer has become a significant concern in the health sector. The problem is more complex with the side effects of breast cancer drugs currently used. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive compound in Nigella sativa, has been shown to have anticancer activity. However, it is necessary to modify the structure of the thymoquinone derivatives to improve drug bioavailability. This study uses an in silico approach to predict pharmacokinetic profile, docking, quantitative structure–properties relationship (QSPR) of new thymoquinone-derived compounds as candidates cytotoxic agent for breast cancer with HER-2 positive.

Methods
The prediction of ADMET was using pkCSM online. Molecular docking was used to determine thymoquinone derivatives activity using Molegro Virtual Docker version 5.5 by docking the thymoquinone derivatives to the HER2 receptor targets, PDB ID 3PP0 and QSPR analysis using the IBM SPSS 21 version.

Results
The 35 thymoquinone derivatives showed good physicochemical and absorption properties and not hepatotoxic, so they are suitable for oral drugs. The molecular docking of 35 thymoquinone derivatives against 3PP0 proteins showed better activity than thymoquinone. One of the thymoquinone derivatives, TQ 15, showed the largest negative RS value, meaning that is predicted to have the highest anticancer activity. Based on the QSPR analysis, the essential parameter in determining 35 thymoquinone derivatives activity was the lipophilic and steric parameter.

Conclusions
Based on in silico test, thymoquinone derivative, TQ 15, had the potential to be further developed as a HER2-positive breast cancer drug.
Attenuation of hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colonic epithelial cells in DMBA-induced cancer by administering Andrographis paniculata Nees extract using animal model
Authors: Budiatin Aniek Setiya , Sagitaras Ilham Bagus , Nurhayati Ika Putri , Khairah Nismatun , Nisak Khoirotin , Susilo Imam , Khotib Junaidi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to evaluate the potential of Andrographis paniculata ethanolic extract to inhibit the increase in proliferation and induction of abnormal cell death.

Methods
The hyperplasia stage as an early stage of cancer development was induced by oral administration of 20 mg/Kg BW DMBA to SD rats twice a week for 5 weeks. There were five groups in this study include negative control, positive control, and treatment groups of DMBA induction followed by administration of A. paniculata ethanolic extract in doses equivalent to 10, 30 or 100 mg/Kg BW andrographolide once per day for 6 consecutive weeks. On the last day, rats were sacrificed, lung and colon tissues were collected. Histological examination by HE staining and immunohistochemistry using p53, telomerase, and caspase-3 antibodies were aimed at observing hyperplasia state in these tissues.

Results
DMBA induction to SD rats was able to produce hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colon epithelial tissue. This can be showed by the increasing number of proliferated cells and as indicated by the number of brown-colored nuclei with sharper intensity. As well telomerase appears to be overexpressed strongly, while p53 and caspase-3 show low intensity. The administration of A. paniculata extract for 6 weeks showed a decrease in the number of cells that actively proliferate, a decrease in telomerase activity, and an increase in caspase-3 levels which indicate cellular death activity.

Conclusions

A. paniculata ethanolic extract can inhibit the development of cancer at the hyperplasia stage by reducing telomerase activity and increasing apoptosis, marked by an increase of caspase-3 expressions.
Cocrystal formation of loratadine-succinic acid and its improved solubility
Authors: Setyawan Dwi , Adyaksa Firdaus Rendra , Sari Hanny Lystia , Paramita Diajeng Putri , Sari Retno 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Loratadine belongs to Class II compound of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) due its low solubility and high membrane permeability. Cocrystal is a system of multicomponent crystalline that mostly employed to improve solubility. Succinic acid is one of common coformer in cocrystal modification. This research aims to investigate cocrystal formation between loratadine and succinic acid and its effect on solubility property of loratadine.

Methods
Cocrystal of loratadine-succinic acid was prepared by solution method using methanol as the solvent. Cocrystal formation was identified under observation of polarization microscope and analysis of the binary phase diagram. The cocrystal phase was characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility study was conducted in phosphate-citrate buffer pH 7.0 ± 0.5 at 30 ± 0.5 °C.

Results
Loratadine is known to form cocrystal with succinic acid in 1:1 M ratio. Cocrystal phase has lower melting point at 110.9 °C. Powder diffractograms exhibited new diffraction peaks at 2θ of 5.28, 10.09, 12.06, 15.74, 21.89, and 28.59° for cocrystal phase. IR spectra showed that there was a shift in C=O and O–H vibration, indicating intermolecular hydrogen bond between loratadine and succinic acid. SEM microphotographs showed different morphology for cocrystal phase. Loratadine solubility in cocrystal phase was increased up to 2-fold compared to loratadine alone.

Conclusions
Cocrystal of loratadine and succinic acid is formed by stoichiometry of 1:1 via C=O and H–O interaction. Cocrystal phase shows different physicochemical properties and responding to those properties, it shows improved loratadine solubility as well.
Effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Loebis Rozalina , Zulkarnain Bambang Subakti , Siswanto Fitri Amalia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Amblyopia is a decrease of visual acuity that cannot be attributed to any structural abnormality of the eye or visual system, causing a partial or complete loss of vision due to inadequate stimulation in early life. Citicoline has been reported to improve visual acuity in amblyopic eyes as adjuvant treatment. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in ophthalmology daily practices.

Methods
This was a retrospective–descriptive study with a time limited sampling method. This study was conducted at Surabaya Eye Clinic, East Java, Indonesia, by reviewing medical records for the period of January 2018 to December 2019.

Results
A total of 34 eyes were included in the study with the majority aged five years (41.2%) and six years (35.3%). The severity of amblyopia varied among patients, 21 eyes (61.76%) had mild amblyopia, seven eyes (20.59%) had moderate amblyopia, and two eyes (5.88%) had severe amblyopia. The duration of given therapy also varied, 18 eyes (52.94%) were given 3 months therapy, two eyes were given 4 months therapy, 12 eyes were given 6 months therapy, and two eyes were given 8 months therapy. Citicoline was found effective in mild and moderate amblyopia and for the duration of 3 and 6 months (p<0.05). In others group who did not showed statistically significant improvement was due to inadequate samples but clinically significant improvement was noted.

Conclusions
Citicoline therapy resulted in a clinically and statistically improvement in refractive amblyopia patients.
Cost of illness of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: a systematic review
Authors: Patty Yohana Febriani Putri Peu , Mufarrihah  , Nita Yunita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of insulin metabolism disorder that affects the socio-economic conditions of the community. The cost of treating diabetes in 2019 was USD 760 billion and by 2045 there are predicted to be 700 million people living with diabetes. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the economic burden caused by Diabetes Mellitus for the government, health care providers, and for the community.

Methods
This systematic review was carried out by considering the related studies about the cost of illness, evaluation of disease costs, or therapeutic costs for various types of diabetes mellitus that were published in both English and Indonesian. The search engines PUBMED, DOAJ, SCOPUS, SCIENCE DIRECT, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were used without date published restrictions.

Results
A systematic search identifies 18 eligible studies conducted in various regions in Indonesia. The study was retrospective with variation in their perspectives and methods to estimate the diabetes cost. Drug cost was the major contributor to direct medical cost followed by complications cost while other cost was affected by transportation cost, productivity losses, and time spent by family accompanying patients.

Conclusions
Diabetes mellitus creates a significant financial burden and affects the health care system as well as the individual and society as a whole. Research about the cost of diabetes in the future should be carried out on a large scale in order to get a more specific cost estimation.