bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term zero‐tillage enhances the protection of soil carbon in tropical agriculture
Authors: Cooper Hannah V. , Sjögersten Sofie , Lark Richard M. , Girkin Nicholas T. , Vane Christopher H. , Calonego Juliano C. , Rosolem Ciro , Mooney Sacha J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContrasting tillage strategies not only affect the stability and formation of soil aggregates but also modify the concentration and thermostability of soil organic matter associated with soil aggregates. Understanding the thermostability and carbon retention ability of aggregates under different tillage systems is essential to ascertain potential terrestrial carbon storage. We characterized the concentration and thermostability of soil organic carbon (SOC) within various aggregate size classes under both zero and conventional tillage using novel Rock‐Eval pyrolysis. The nature of the pore systems was visualized and quantified by X‐ray computed tomography to link soil structure to organic carbon preservation and thermostability. Soil samples were collected from experimental fields in Botucatu, Brazil, which had been under zero‐tillage for 2, 15 and 31 years, and from adjacent fields under conventional tillage. Soils under zero‐tillage significantly increased pore connectivity whilst simultaneously decreasing interaggregate porosity, providing a potential physical mechanism for protection of SOC in the 0–20‐cm soil layer. Changes in the soil physical characteristics associated with the adoption of zero‐tillage resulted in improved aggregate formation compared to conventionally tilled soils, especially when implemented for at least 15 years. In addition, we identified a chemical change in composition of organic carbon to a more recalcitrant fraction following conversion to zero‐tillage, suggesting aggregates were accumulating rather than mineralizing SOC. These data reveal profound effects of different tillage systems upon soil structural modification, with important implications for the potential of zero‐tillage to increase carbon sequestration compared to conventional tillage.Highlights
Different tillage systems may affect SOC thermostability and C retention potentials of soil aggregates.
SOC thermostability was characterised by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis and pore systems were quantified by X‐ray CT within aggregate size classes.
Profound effects of zero versus conventional tillage upon soil structural modification were observed
Important implications for zero‐tillage to increase C sequestration versus conventional tillage.
Thrombolytic therapy for wake‐up stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mac Grory Brian , Saldanha Ian J. , Mistry Eva A. , Stretz Christoph , Poli Sven , Sykora Marek , Kellert Lars , Feil Katharina , Shah Shreyansh , McTaggart Ryan , Riebau Derek , Yaghi Shadi , Gaines Kenneth , Xian Ying , Feng Wuwei , Schrag Matthew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAccording to evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines, patients presenting with disabling stroke symptoms should be treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) within 4.5 h of time last known well. However, 25% of strokes are detected upon awakening (i.e., wake‐up stroke [WUS]), which renders patients ineligible for IV tPA administered via time‐based treatment algorithms, because it is impossible to establish a reliable time of symptom onset. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the efficacy and safety of IV tPA compared with normal saline, placebo, or no treatment in patients with WUS using imaging‐based treatment algorithms.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus between January 1, 2006 and April 30, 2020. We included controlled trials (randomized or nonrandomized), observational cohort studies (prospective or retrospective), and single‐arm studies in which adults with WUS were administered IV tPA after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐ or computed tomography (CT)‐based imaging. Our primary outcome was recovery at 90 days (defined as a modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–2), and our secondary outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 36 h, mortality, and other adverse effects.ResultsWe included 16 studies that enrolled a total of 14,017 patients. Most studies were conducted in Europe (37.5%) or North America (37.5%), and 1757 patients (12.5%) received IV tPA. All studies used MRI‐based (five studies) or CT‐based (10 studies) imaging selection, and one study used a combination of modalities. Sixty‐one percent of patients receiving IV tPA achieved an mRS score of 0 to 2 at 90 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51%–70%, 12 studies), with a relative risk (RR) of 1.21 compared with patients not receiving IV tPA (95% CI: 1.01–1.46, four studies). Three percent of patients receiving IV tPA experienced sICH within 36 h (95% CI: 2.5%–4.1%; 16 studies), which is an RR of 4.00 compared with patients not receiving IV tPA (95% CI: 2.85–5.61, seven studies).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis suggests that IV tPA is associated with a better functional outcome at 90 days despite the increased but acceptable risk of sICH. Based on these results, IV tPA should be offered as a treatment for WUS patients with favorable neuroimaging findings.
The numerical probability of carcinogenicity to humans of some pharmaceutical drugs: Alkylating agents, topoisomerase inhibitors or poisons, and DNA intercalators
Authors: Suarez‐Torres Jose D. , Orozco Camilo A. , Ciangherotti Carlos E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nonclinical branch of regulatory pharmacology has traditionally relied on the sensitivity and specificity of regulatorily recommended bioassays. Nonetheless, any predictive testing (eg, safety pharmacology) with less than 100% sensitivity or 100% specificity is prone to deliver false positive or negative results (namely, outcomes discordant to the clinical gold standard). It was recently suggested that the statistics‐based and regulatory pertinent “predictive values approach” (PVA) might help to reach a more predictive use of preclinical testing data. To resolve the associated probability of carcinogenicity to humans, the PVA was applied to 37 pharmaceuticals bearing inadequate epidemiological evidence of carcinogenicity, but identifiable as unequivocal mutagens. According to current knowledge, a 98.9% (or more) probability of carcinogenicity to humans was reckoned for those 37 genotoxic drugs. Accordingly, these pharmaceutical drugs might be either scientifically or regulatorily regarded as “carcinogenic to humans.” In the USA, European Union, or Canada as examples, the great majority of these 37 pharmaceuticals are authorized for medical use in humans. From the results of the present appraisal, the following is suggested (1) for the pharmaceuticals listed in this report, to include significant carcinogenicity warnings in their prescribing information; (2) to conduct pharmacoepidemiology studies or risk‐benefit analyses (if warranted), and (3) based on the respective risk‐benefit analyses, to re‐evaluate the authorization of hydralazine and phenoxybenzamine as antihypertensives, oxcarbazepine as an anticonvulsant, and phenazopyridine as a urinary tract antimicrobial or analgesic. For the four latter drugs (eg, phenoxybenzamine), a 99.5% probability of carcinogenicity to humans was estimated.
Results of a randomized phase III/IV trial comparing intermittent bolus versus continuous infusion of antihaemophilic factor (recombinant) in adults with severe or moderately severe haemophilia A undergoing major orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Pabinger Ingrid , Mamonov Vasily , Windyga Jerzy , Engl Werner , Doralt Jennifer , Tangada Srilatha , Spotts Gerald , Ewenstein Bruce 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with haemophilia A undergoing surgery, factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy by continuous infusion (CI) may offer an alternative to bolus infusion (BI).AimTo compare the perioperative haemostatic efficacy and safety of antihaemophilic factor (recombinant) (ADVATE®; Baxalta US Inc., a Takeda company, Lexington, MA, USA) CI or BI administration.MethodsIn this multicentre, phase III/IV, controlled study (NCT00357656), 60 previously treated adult patients with severe or moderately severe disease undergoing elective unilateral major orthopaedic surgery (knee replacement, n = 48; hip surgery, n = 4; other, n = 8) requiring drain placement were randomized to receive antihaemophilic factor (recombinant) CI (n = 29) or BI (n = 31) through postoperative day 7. Primary outcome measure was cumulative packed red blood cell (PRBC)/blood volume in the drainage fluid within 24 h after surgery, used to establish non‐inferiority of CI to BI.ResultsCI:BI ratio of cumulative PRBC volume in the 24‐h drainage fluid was 0.92 (p‐value <.001 for non‐inferiority; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.05). Total antihaemophilic factor (recombinant) dose per kg body weight received in the combined trans‐ and postoperative periods was similar with CI and BI to maintain targeted FVIII levels during/after surgery. Treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) were reported in five patients treated by CI (eight events) and five treated by BI (six events), including two serious AEs in each arm.ConclusionCI administration of antihaemophilic factor (recombinant) is a viable alternative to BI in patients with haemophilia A undergoing major orthopaedic surgery, providing comparable efficacy and safety.
Clinical impact of the finger‐circle test in patients with liver diseases
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroki , Yoh Kazunori , Enomoto Hirayuki , Nishimura Takashi , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Iijima Hiroko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo elucidate the relationship between the finger‐circle test (Yubi‐wakka [in Japanese] test; three levels of bigger, just‐fits, and smaller) and sarcopenia‐related factors and anthropometric parameters in patients with chronic liver disease (n = 202, 99 men, mean age 61 years).MethodsPatients with both grip strength decline (<26 kg for men and <18 kg for women) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) decline (<7.0 kg/m2 in men and <5.7 kg/m2 in female) were diagnosed as sarcopenia.ResultsLiver cirrhosis was found in 56 patients (27.7%). The proportions of bigger, just‐fits, and smaller in liver cirrhosis versus non‐liver cirrhosis patients were 51.8%, 21.4%, and 26.8% versus 77.4%, 11.4%, and 8.2% (p < 0.01). The proportions of grip strength decline in patients with bigger, just‐fits, and smaller were 12.0% (77/142), 21.2% (7/33), and 40.7% (11/27; overall p < 0.01). The proportions of SMI decline in patients with bigger, just‐fits, and smaller were 9.9% (14/142), 45.5% (15/33), and 77.8% (21/27; overall p < 0.01). The proportions of sarcopenia in patients with bigger, just‐fits, and smaller were 3.5% (5/142), 18.2% (6/33), and 33.3% (9/27; overall p < 0.01). In both sexes, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, calf circumference, and waist circumference were significantly stratified according to the finger‐circle test. In the multivariate analysis, smaller was an independent predictor for SMI decline (p < 0.01, risk ratio 8.188, bigger as a reference), and body mass index was an independent predictor for both SMI decline and sarcopenia.ConclusionThe finger‐circle test can be helpful for the screening of sarcopenia in chronic liver disease and is closely linked to body composition.
Surface modification of K2TiF6:Mn4+ phosphor with SrF2 coating to enhance water resistance
Authors: Fang Zhiyong , Lai Xiaohui , Zhang Jian , Zhang Rui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractK2TiF6:Mn4+ is an attractive narrow‐band red‐emitting phosphor for warm white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Nevertheless, the hexafluoride phosphor is liable to deliquesce in moist environments, which leads to a sharp deterioration performance of luminescence. Surface modification of K2TiF6:Mn4+ phosphor with SrF2 coating has been introduced, with the aid of KHF2 transition layer to moderate the lattice mismatch. The reaction mechanism is discussed in detail, as so as the influence of SrF2 coating on the luminescence intensity. The SrF2 coating is able to prevent the hydrolysis of internal [MnF6]2− group; thereby, the luminescence intensity retains over 90% of initial value after being immersed in distilled water for 2 h. The LED devices fabricated with commercial Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ and as‐modified K2TiF6:Mn4+ phosphors exhibit bright white light with tunable chromaticity coordinate, correlated color temperature, and color rendering index. It enlightens a convenient method to enhance the moisture resistance of Mn4+ doped fluoride phosphors for commercial application in the field of white LEDs.
Preparation and strengthening mechanism of prestressed ceramic tile components
Authors: Sun Yi , Wu Tianye , Bao Yiwang , Li Yueming , Wan Detian , Li Kai , He Lingfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo improve the flexural strength of ceramic tiles, a surface strengthening method is presented in this work. By cofiring coating and substrate, residual compressive stress is introduced in the coating. The phase composition and morphological characteristics of coating materials and the influences of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and coating thickness on the flexural strength have been investigated. The prestressed ceramic tile is prepared by pressureless sintering a green body coated with a low CTE coating at 1200°C. The CTE of green body and optimal coating is 7.85 × 10−6°C−1 and 5.69 × 10−6°C−1, respectively. The flexural strength of prestressed porcelain tiles (89 ± 3 MP) has been increased by 102% when the coating thickness is 67 µm compared to their uncoated counterpart (44 ± 3 MPa). This simple surface strengthening method of ceramic tiles is cost‐efficient and economical for large‐scale industrial applications.
Influence of polyacrylic acid (PAA)/Na2HPO4 mixture on biphasic calcium phosphate cement: Enhancing strength and cell viability
Authors: Thaitalay Paritat , Thongsri Oranich , Dangviriyakul Rawee , Srisuwan Sawitri , Talabnin Chutima , Suksaweang Sanong , Srakaew Nuan La‐ong , Rattanachan Sirirat Tubsungnoen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study has investigated the effect of combination of new liquid phase mixture of disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) on the compressive strength, setting time, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of biphasic calcium phosphate cement. The PAA was known as one of water‐soluble and biocompatible polymers to improve the mechanical performances of the bone cement, but it usually inhibits the phase conversion to hydroxyapatite after the cement has already set. The aim of this work was to evaluate the incorporation of the mixture of PAA and Na2HPO4 into biphasic cement. We have found the crucial concentration for adding PAA/Na2HPO4 at 30:70 v/v% to enhance the mechanical strength, cell viability, and maintain bioactivity. The phase composition and crosslinking reaction between PAA and alpha‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) powder were detected by XRD and FTIR techniques. The beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) was added in the formula to achieve the biphasic cement, which composed of β‐TCP and apatite/calcium deficient‐hydroxyapatite (CD‐HA) in the final product. The biphasic granule commercial product was used as comparison in the cell viability test. This work had been confirmed that the cement was a nontoxic material. Therefore, our results suggest that the PAA/Na2HPO4 could be beneficial for further clinical applications.
The impact of parent and child media use on early parent–infant attachment
Authors: Linder Lisa K. , McDaniel Brandon T. , Stockdale Laura , Coyne Sarah M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the rise in affordability of digital media and mobile devices, children under age 2 on average spend significantly more time with digital media than is recommended. Although concerns have been expressed about how parent and child media use might negatively impact parent–child attachment, there continues to be a scarcity of research on the topic. The current study assessed both the amount and the way in which children (11–26 months) and their parents engage with digital media and the impact on early attachment after controlling for temperament, parent income, parent age, marital status, and access to support. The study utilizes data from a diverse sample: 248 parents of infants completed an attachment q‐sort and surveys assessing the amount of media use, parental absorption in media, types of parental mediation, temperament, and demographics. Results showed that for both parent and child, time using digital media and co‐viewing was not predictive of attachment insecurity. Parental absorption in media was found to significantly predict attachment insecurity. Greater child TV media use was associated with poorer attachment security when there was limited to no parental active mediation. Active mediation served as a protective factor for attachment while parental absorption in media serves as a risk factor for attachment.
A mixed methods study of seasonal influenza vaccine hesitancy in adults with chronic respiratory conditions
Authors: Williams Lynn , Deakin Karen , Gallant Allyson , Rasmussen Susan , Young David , Cogan Nicola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for patients with chronic respiratory conditions, but uptake is suboptimal. We undertook a comprehensive mixed methods study in order to examine the barriers and enablers to influenza vaccination in patients with chronic respiratory conditions.MethodsMixed methods including a survey (n = 429) which assessed sociodemographics and the psychological factors associated with vaccine uptake (ie confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation and collective responsibility) with binary logistic regression analysis. We also undertook focus groups and interviews (n = 59) to further explore barriers and enablers to uptake using thematic analysis.ResultsThe survey analysis identified that older participants were more likely to accept the vaccine, as were those with higher perceptions of collective responsibility around vaccination, lower levels of complacency and lower levels of constraints. Thematic analysis showed that concerns over vaccine side effects, lack of tailored information and knowledge, and a lack of trust and rapport with healthcare professionals were key barriers. In contrast, the importance of feeling protected, acceptance of being part of an at‐risk group and feeling a reduced sense of vulnerability after vaccination were seen as key enablers.ConclusionsOur findings showed that the decision to accept a vaccine against influenza is influenced by multiple sociodemographic and psychological factors. Future interventions should provide clear and transparent information about side effects and be tailored to patients with chronic respiratory conditions. Interactions between patients and their healthcare providers have a particularly important role to play in helping patients address their concerns and feel confident in vaccination.
A new silver dressing, StopBac, used in the prevention of surgical site infections
Authors: Oliverius Martin , Drozd Jan , Bratka Petr , Whitley Adam , Mohlenikova Duchonova Beatrice , Gürlich Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIdeal dressings of surgical wounds should provide moist, semi‐permeable, and antiseptic environments for optimal wound healing. To maximise patient comfort, surgical dressings must be hypoallergenic, not restrict movement, and allow patients to manage their personal hygiene. From the aspect of health care personnel, dressings should enable visual monitoring of the wound without the need for removing them, thus reducing the number of dressing changes. The active antimicrobial effect of silver cations has been demonstrated by many studies. StopBac is a unique surgical dressing based on the sol‐gel process. Silver cations are bound in a colloidal solution in an organic‐inorganic hybrid organosilicate oligomer. This gel is deposited on a pad using spray atomisation. The result is a polymer nanolayer matrix with prolonged and controlled release of silver ions. This pad forms part of a waterproof hypoallergenic transparent adhesive bandage. The goal of this study was to prospectively evaluate the ability of StopBac to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients after abdominal surgery. The secondary goal was to compare costs and determine the properties of this new material. A total of 32 patients were included in the study. The patients were followed up until their surgical wounds healed completely. An SSI occurred only in one patient.
Chemical products for crop protection against freezing stress: A review
Authors: Román‐Figueroa Celián , Bravo León , Paneque Manuel , Navia Rodrigo , Cea Mara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFrost is an important abiotic stress for plants and crops because of the economic losses that are incurred. Plants have two mechanisms for freezing protection: freezing avoidance and freezing tolerance. The former prevents extrinsic and/or intrinsic ice nucleation, while the latter provides plants with tools to survive apoplastic ice formation, by several coordinated physiological and biochemical features such as the increase in cryoprotectants (metabolites and proteins) which in general maintain cell membrane and cells macromolecules stability, cause a freezing point depression or decrease the cell osmolarity preventing the severe cell dehydration caused by apoplastic freezing. Many products against freezing have been developed, and there are at least 20 products on the international market. Ten products mainly avoid ice formation by forming semi‐permeable or permeable membranes that inhibit extrinsic ice nucleation over leaves, three products work for favouring tolerating ice formation in plants, and two use both mechanisms of action. Some kind of lipids, such as phospholipids and α‐tocopherol, effectively maintain the stability and integrity of cell membranes, while some osmolytes (mainly polyols) decrease the freezing point of water, both inside and outside the cell, but also can interact with the polar moieties of phospholipids stabilizing membranes. Despite this, more information on products for crop protection against freezing is required in order to determine their effectiveness. New formulations that protect crops against freezing must include ingredients that employ both mechanisms. The use of lipids is likely to continue while new alternatives that reduce ice formation are evaluated, among which antifreeze and cryoprotective proteins may offer attractive alternatives.
Nanoindentation pop‐in in oxides at room temperature: Dislocation activation or crack formation?
Authors: Fang Xufei , Bishara Hanna , Ding Kuan , Tsybenko Hanna , Porz Lukas , Höfling Marion , Bruder Enrico , Li Yingwei , Dehm Gerhard , Durst Karsten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost oxide ceramics are known to be brittle macroscopically at room temperature with little or no dislocation‐based plasticity prior to crack propagation. Here, we demonstrate the size‐dependent brittle to ductile transition in SrTiO3 at room temperature using nanoindentation pop‐in events visible as a sudden increase in displacement at nominally constant load. We identify that the indentation pop‐in event in SrTiO3 at room temperature, below a critical indenter tip radius, is dominated by dislocation‐mediated plasticity. When the tip radius increases to a critical size, concurrent dislocation activation and crack formation, with the latter being the dominating process, occur during the pop‐in event. Beyond the experimental examination and theoretical justification presented on SrTiO3 as a model system, further validation on α‐Al2O3, BaTiO3, and TiO2 are briefly presented and discussed. A new indentation size effect, mainly for brittle ceramics, is suggested by the competition between the dislocation‐based plasticity and crack formation at small scale. Our finding complements the deformation mechanism in the nano‐/microscale deformation regime involving plasticity and cracking in ceramics at room temperature to pave the road for dislocation‐based mechanics and functionalities study in these materials.