bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best Practice to Improve Slim Hole Maximum Reservoir Contact Well Drilling Performance
Authors: Antillon Moreira Rodrigo , Jeughale Ramanujan , Takahiro Toki , Motohiro Toma , Andrews Kerron , Fujinaga Ryota , Al Ali Salim Abdalla , Alzaabi Mohamed Abdulrahman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reservoir sections in MRC (Maximum Reservoir Contact) & ERD (Extended Reach Drilling) wells are mainly designed to drill 8 ½" hole, because of drilling limitations with smaller hole size. However, slim hole sizes offer opportunities to revitalize existing wells using re-entry drilling techniques in association with MRC and ERD designs.
This paper discusses the best practices to be implemented in order to mitigate risk, reduce complexity and ensure improved drilling performance.
Re-Entry wells in the field have a risk of well integrity issues such as corroded 9 5/8" casing. In order to mitigate this risk, the corroded 9 5/8" casing should be covered by 7" liner & tied-back to surface before drilling reservoir section. In this situation up to 18,000 ft of 4" DP is used in the wells to drill 6" hole and run 4 ½" lower completion. Offset well analysis, whip stock selection criteria, BHA design, drilling fluid selection, drilling and tripping practices based on torque & drag and hydraulics calculations are most important to achieve the well objective.
The Slim hole MRC well was completed without any issues and achieved good drilling performance. It was observed that the actual drilling parameters such as torque, drag and stand pipe pressure were less than simulated parameters. NAF was selected in the section to reduce the friction factor, while motorized RSS and a reamer stabilizer were used in the BHA to reduce torque, drag and ensure a smooth well profile. A back reaming practice was implemented in hole section to reduce dog leg severity and the open hole was eventually displaced to viscosified brine to minimize the friction factor for running the 4 ½' lower completion. 8500 ft of 6" hole section was drilled and TD was reached at +/- 19,000ft within 50 days including recovering the existing completion, drilling 8 ½" & 6" hole and running completion.
This paper aims to contribute to the oilfield industry by sharing the successfully implemented engineering design and operation execution methodology to overcome the complexities present in Re Entry Wells MRC/ERD wells required to be drilled with slim hole conditions under an optimal cost, time effectiveness and low risk.
Thermochemical-Pulse Fracturing of Tight Gas: Investigation of Pulse Loading on Fracturing Behavior
Authors: Al-Nakhli Ayman , Tariq Zeeshan , Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Unconventional and tight gas reservoirs are located in deep and competent formations, which requires massive fracturing activities to extract hydrocarbons. Some of the persisting challenges faced by operators are either canceled or non-productive fractures. Both challenges force oil companies to drill new substitutional wells, which will increase the development cost of such reservoirs.
A novel fracturing method was developed based on thermochemical pressure pulse. Reactive material of exothermic components are used to generate in-situ pressure pulse, which is sufficient to create fractures. The reaction can vary from low pressure pulse, to a very high loading up to 20,000 psi, with short pressurization time.
In this study, Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was used to investigate the impact of the generated pressure-pulse load, by chemical reaction, on the number of induced fractures and fracture length. Actual tests of pulsed fracturing conducted in lab scale using several block samples compared with modeling work. There was a great relationship between the pressure load and fracturing behavior. The greater the pulse load and pressurization rate, the greater the number of created fractures, and the longer the induced fractures.
The developed novel fracturing method will increase stimulated reservoir volume of unconventional gas without introducing a lot of water to formation. Moreover, the new method can reduce formation breakdown pressure by around 70%, which will minimize number of canceled fracturing.
Logging While Tripping - LWT Ensures Data Acquisition in Challenging Interbedded Salt Formation in Abu Dhabi Onshore Exploration Wells
Authors: Nunez Ygnacio , Sameer Mohamed , Abdelaal Atef , Al Mutawa Ahmed Abdulla , Al Shamisi Eisa Daban , Hamdy Ibrahim , Al Hendi Mohamed , Ruiz Fernando , Al Dhaheri Khaled Hamad , Torres Javier , ELWazeer Fathy , Bechir Ilknur , Khalife Bassam , Propper Maarten , Lentz Curtis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The understanding of salt beds has been significantly improved over the years; however, certain operational challenges still persist. Conditions encountered during drilling salt formations may lead to stuck Logging While Drilling (LWD) and or wireline tools, which, at times, can contain radioactive sources. As data gathering remains a primary requirement in exploration wells, cost optimization, beside risk mitigation, is a further challenge in today’s economic landscape. A holistic approach is proposed to address these main objectives. The conventional procedure required drilling and formation evaluation (LWD and or wireline) in the section above the interbedded salt formation, followed by rotary steerable (RSS) only in the interbedded salt formation sections of the well. Considering the shallow depths of the well and the proximity to the aquifers, the threat posed by losing radioactive sources in the well is significant, therefore, formation density and neutron porosity logging operation is often compromised due the inherent risk. Logging While Tripping, a method in which tools record open hole data from inside the pipe, resolves this compromise, as the risk of lost in hole (LIH) is virtually eliminated.
The empty LWT collars are run in the last bit trip or reamer run, as they do not affect the drilling operation. Once the well’s total depth is reached, the LWT logging tools are pumped from surface, safely inside of the pipe, and data is acquired while tripping the drill pipe out of the well. If the situation is evaluated as risky, drilling operation may continue without data acquisition. In case the logging tools already were deployed, they can be retrieved at any time by wireline or slickline.
Prior to the introduction of the LWT in the drilling/data acquisition procedure, only gamma ray - sonic data was acquired over the challenging formation sections. Compressional and shear data may be important to improve modelling accuracy; however, they may be negatively affected by various factors such as drilling noise, mud properties, washouts and gas in the formation, particularly reservoir rocks interbedded with thick salt beds. When compared to the Neutron-Density porosity, sonic porosity is noticeably inferior, showing limited formation signature. Neutron-Density porosity correlates well with core data.
A Geomechanical Model and Workflow for Calibrating Elastic Moduli and Min/Max Horizontal Stress from Well Logs in the Nahr Umr Shale
Authors: Shaver Michael Alexander , Segret Gilles Pierre Michel , Yudhia Denya Pratama , Al Ameri Suhail Mohammed , Couziqou Erwan , Al Marzouqi Adel Rahman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Thin layering and micro-fracturing of the thin laminated layers are some possible reasons for the wellbore stability problems of the Nahr Umr shale. If the drilling fluid density is too low, collapsing of the borehole is possible, and if the drilling fluid density is too high, invasion of the shale can occur, weakening the shale, making boreholes prone to instability. These effects can be semi-quantified and assessed through the development of a geomechanical model.
The application of a geomechanical model of a reservoir and overlaying formations can be very useful for addressing ways to select a sweet spot and optimize the completion and development of a reservoir. The geomechanical model also provides a sound basis for addressing unforeseen drilling and borehole stability problems that are encountered during the life cycle of a reservoir. Key components of any geomechanical model are the principal stresses at depth: overburden, minimum horizontal principle stress, and maximum horizontal principle stress. These determine the existing tectonic fault regime: normal, strike-slip, and reverse. Additional components of a geomechanical model are pore pressure, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) rock strength, tilted anisotropy, and fracture and faults from image logs and seismic.
Unfortunately, models used to make continuous well logging depth-based stress predictions involve some parameters that are derived from laboratory tests, fracture injection tests, and the actual fracturing of a well—all contributing to the uncertainty of the model predictions. This paper addresses ways to obtain these key parameter components of the geomechanical model from well logging data calibrated to ancillary data. It is shown how stress, UCS, and pore pressure prediction and interpretation can be improved by developing and applying models using wellbore acoustic, triple combo, and borehole image data calibrated to laboratory and field measurements.
The nahr umr shale and other organic mudstone formations exhibit vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) anisotropy in the sense that rock properties are different in the vertical and horizontal directions (assuming non-tilted flatbed layering), the horizontal acoustic velocity is different from that of vertical velocity. This necessitates the building of anisotropic moduli and stress models. The anisotropic stress models require lateral strain, which as shown in the paper, can be obtained from micro-frac tests and/or borehole breakout data.
A Novel Routing Algorithm with Bernoulli Sampling-based Link Quality Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Meng Chao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Link quality is important and can greatly affect the performance of wireless transmission algorithms and protocols. Currently, researchers have proposed a variety of approaches to implement link quality estimation. However, the estimated result of link quality is not accurate enough and the error is large, so they may lead to the failure of routing algorithm and protocol. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to achieve the more accurate estimation of link quality than before. This method employs Bernoulli sampling-based algorithm to complete the estimation of link quality. The problem is modeled as calculation of estimators based on Bernoulli sampling data. The authors further prove that the calculation results are accurate by probability theory. Furthermore, according to link quality estimation, the authors also provide a centralized routing algorithm and a distributed improvement algorithm in order to switch the data transmission on the better quality link. Finally, the extensive experiment results indicate that the proposed methods obtain high performance in terms of energy consumption and accuracy.
Risk Analysis of Severe Thrombocytopenia in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma During Concurrent Radio-Chemotherapy
Authors: Xu Jiasheng , Wu Quanli , Tang Luoyong , Liu Anwen , Huang Long 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective:To explore the risk factors and predictive indexes of severe thrombocytopenia during concurrent radio-chemotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Retrospective analysis were performed from the hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma from August 2014 to July 2017 and completed induction chemotherapy and concurrent radio-chemotherapy.Patients were divided into observation and control group according to the lowest platelet count during concurrent chemotherapy. The general information and laboratory examinations were recorded and analyzed by univariate analysis, multivariate regression analysis and ROC curve analysis. Results: Take the factors, including Age, PLT, IBIL, APTT at first visit, WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT, NEUT, APTT,IBIL, FFA, Crea,Urea before radio-chemotherapy, which are significant in univariate analysis into multivariate regression analysis. It turned out that RBC（OR=10.060, 95%CI2.679-37.777, P=0.001）,PLT(OR= 1.020, 95%CI1.006-1.034, P=0.005) and IBIL（OR=0.710,95%CI 0.561-0.898, P= 0.004） are independent predictors of severe TP in NPC. ROC analysis showed that the AUC of RBC, IBIL, PLT, AGE is 0.746(P< 0.001), 0.735（P<0.001）, 0.702(P=0.001), 0.734(P<0.001). New variables called joint predictor was calculated by regression equation (Y=2.309*RBC-0.343*IBIL+0.02*PLT-10.007), the AUC of which is 0.870(P<0.001), best truncation value is＞5.87 mmol/L. Conclusions: Lower RBC, PLT, higher IBIL before concurrent radio-chemotherapy are the independent risk factors causing severe TP during concurrent radio-chemotherapy of NPC. The RBC, PLT, IBIL before concurrent radio-chemotherapy and joint predictor have a good predictive value to evaluate the risk of severe TP during concurrent radio-chemotherapy of NPC.
Thermal- Elastic Waves of Microstretch Semiconductor Medium with Rotation Field during Photothermal Excitation
Authors: lotfy khaled , El-Bary A. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A mathematical novel model for elastic semiconductor medium with microstretch properties is investigated. The generalized model is studied in the context of photo-thermoelasticity theory when the semiconductor medium is excited. The governing equations describe the coupled between the propagation of the elastic-thermal-plasma waves when the thermo-microstretch elastic semiconductor material is studied during a rotation field. The linear medium has an isotropic properties. The photothermal transport processes occurs during a two dimension (2D) elastic and electronic deformation when the microinertia of microelement is taken into account. The harmonic wave method can be used to obtain the general solutions for the basic physical variables. The complete analytical solutions of the considered variables are obtained when some mechanical-thermal and plasma conditions are applied on the boundary of the semiconductor medium. The numerical simulations of silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge) media are constructed graphically with many comparisons according to a new parameters with thermal memories and rotation parameter.
Reproductive Ecology of Euglossine Bee-pollinated Orchid Catasetum Integerrimum Hook (Ochidaceae)
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez Angélica María 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Catasetum is a dimorphic and dioecious genus of orchids with a pollinaria release mechanism triggered by pollinator visitation. The reproductive ecology of Catasetum integerrimum Hook (Orchidaceae) was characterized in Central Veracruz, Mexico. For that, it was determined whether floral senescence and fruit production are resulted of pollination efficiency in the species, and if so, to what extent present reproductive event constraint the investment in subsequent reproductive event. In the sampled population, efficient pollinaria removal/deposition triggered floral senescence. Eulaema polychroma bee visited earlier and with lower frequency the staminate than pistillate flowers. Alleviating pollen limitation increased fruit production but it caused a reduction in flower and fruit production in the subsequent reproductive event. C. integerrimum seemed to exhibit reproductive cost-saving mechanisms linked to the pollinator identity and behavior, whereas pollinator efficiency appeared to be mediated by dioecism and dimorphism in floral traits. This study highlights the importance to understand the adaptive significance of dimorphic floral traits in animal-pollinated plants, stimulating new research avenues on the role of pollinators in maintaining safe reproduction threshold of plants.
Rationale and Design of GnG-Trial: A Randomized Phase-III Study to Compare Two Schedules of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin as Adjunct to Intensive Induction Therapy and to Compare Double-Blinded Intensive Postremission Therapy with or Without Glasdegib in Older Patients with Newly Diagnosed AML
Authors: Jaramillo Sonia , Krisam Johannes , Cornet Lucian Le , Kratzmann Markus , Baumann Lukas , Sauer Tim , Crysandt Martina , Rank Andreas , Behringer Dirk , Teichmann Lino , Görner Martin , Trappe Ralf Ulrich , Röllig Christoph , Krause Stefan , Hanoun Maher , Hopfer Olaf , Held Gerhard , Buske Sebastian , Fransecky Lars , Kayser Sabine , Schliemann Christoph , Schaefer-Eckart Kerstin , Al-Fareh Yousef , Schubert Jörg , Geer Thomas , Kaufmann Martin , Brecht Arne , Niemann Dirk , Kieser Meinhard , Bornhäuser Martin , Platzbecker Uwe , Serve Hubert , Baldus Claudia D. , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Schlenk Richard F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOverall survival remains poor in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with less than 10% being alive after five years. In recent studies, a significant improvement in event-free, relapse-free and overall survival was shown by adding gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), a humanized antibody-drug conjugate directed against CD33, to intensive induction therapy once or in a sequential dosing schedule. Glasdegib, the small-molecule inhibitor of smoothened (SMO), also showed improved overall survival in patients not eligible for intensive chemotherapy when combined with low-dose cytarabine compared to low-dose cytarabine alone. These findings warrant further investigations in the phase III GnG trial.Methods/DesignThis is a randomized phase III trial with measurable residual disease (MRD) after induction therapy and event-free survival (EFS) as primary endpoints. The two research questions are addressed in a 2 by 2 factorial design. Patients age 60 years and older are upfront randomized 1:1 in one of the two induction arms: GO administered to intensive induction therapy on days 1,4 and 7 versus GO administered once on day 1 (GO-147 versus GO-1), and double-blinded 1:1 in one of the subsequent treatment arms glasdegib vs. placebo as adjunct to consolidation therapy and as single-agent maintenance therapy for six months. Chemotherapy backbone for induction therapy consists of standard 7+3 schedule with cytarabine 200mg/m² continuously days 1 to 7, daunorubicin 60mg/m² days 1, 2 and 3 and high-dose cytarabine (1g/m², bi-daily, days 1,2,3) for consolidation therapy. Addressing two primary endpoints, MRD-negativity after induction therapy and event-free survival (EFS), 252 evaluable patients are needed to reject each of the two null hypotheses at a two-sided significance level of 2.5% with a power of at least 85%. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval and approvals from the local and federal competent authorities were granted. Trial results will be reported via peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences and scientific meetings.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04093505; EudraCT Number: 2019-003913-32.TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: October 30, 2018
In Silico Structural Modeling of Wildtype and Mutant PRODH Proteins Involved in Psychiatric Disorder.
Authors: Muzammal Muhammad , Abbasi Sumra Wajid , Abbasi Ansar Ahmad , Khan Muzammil Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Proline dehydrogenase is an important mitochondrial enzyme that is encoded by the PRODH gene. Biologically, a mutation in this gene affects the activity of proline dehydrogenase enzyme that is normally involved in conversion of proline to glutamate. However, its reduced or null activity leads to excess quantity of proline in the body, which results in different psychiatric phenotypes along with intellectual disability. In the present study, we performed in silico analysis on all reported mutations of PRODH. The 3D models of normal and mutant PRODH were predicted using I-TASSER. The predicted structures were visualized and superimposed using chimera 1.13.1. The CASTp was used to identify active sites in modelled proteins. Protein-protein docking was done with Cluspro, while protein-substrate docking was done with Auto Dock 1.5.6 and-MGL tools and the results were visualized using LigPlus+ v.2.2 and Discovery studio 2020 respectively. Alignment of 3D models (mutant with wildtype) revealed that Arg185Gln (73.83 % ) and Gln19Ter (6.25% ) had the highest and lowest similarity indices, respectively. Enzyme pocket prediction identified three largest sites, with the second largest active site pocket containing substrate proline binding residues Leu527, Tyr548, and Arg563. Moreover, docking of mutant and wildtype PRODH with its close interactor “ALDH4A1” showed differences with respect to number, position, and nature of interacting amino acids residues. We observed that the nature of amino acid substitution and the number of bonds affect the binding of proline molecule with proline dehydrogenase enzyme, and therefore, affect its biological activity.
Genome survey sequencing and identification of genomic SSR markers for Batocera horsfieldi (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Peng Xin , Yang Zhende , Xu Lei , Wang Hantang , Guo Chunhui , Hu Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The white-striped longhorn beetle Batocera horsfieldi (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a polyphagous wood-boring pest that causes substantial damage to the lumber, fruit and nut industry. Here, next-generation sequencing was used to generate a whole genome survey dataset to provide fundamental information of its genome and develop genome-wide microsatellite markers for it. The genome size of B. horsfieldi was estimated as approximate 520 Mb by using K-mer analyses, and its heterozygosity ratio and repeat sequence ratio were 0.26% and 51.03%, respectively. The assembled genome was 528.56Mb with GC content of 35.40%. A total of 121750 microsatellite motifs were identified. The most frequent repeat motif was mononucleotide with a frequency of 85.84%, followed by 8.08% of dinonucleotide, 5.04% of trinonucleotide, 0.73% of tetranonucleotide, 0.20% of pentanonucleotide and 0.12% of hexanonucleotide motifs. The AT/AT, TA/TAand GA/TC repeats were the most abundant motifs of dinucleotide motifs, and AAT/ATT, TAA/TTA and ATA/TAT were the most abundant motifs of trinucleotide motifs, respectively. ninety six pairs of SSR primers were randomly selected for PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis detection, among which 56 pairs of primers can be effectively amplified to obtain the target fragment. In summary, various candidate microsatellite markers were identified and characterized in this study using genome survey analysis.