bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen
Authors: Flamm Heinz 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Pellagra ist charakterisiert durch die Trias „Dermatitis – Diarrhoe – Demenz“, gefolgt vom Tod. Verschiedene Ursachen wurden im Laufe zweier Jahrhunderte diskutiert. Anfänglich hielt man starke Sonnenbestrahlung als Ursache von Veränderungen der Strukturen des Körpers. Die „Zeïsten“ waren der Meinung, der Mais als Hauptnahrungsmittel sei die Ursache der Pellagra, die also eine Mangelkrankheit sei. Dagegen meinten die „Toxikozeïsten“, in unreifem Mais oder in zwar reifem jedoch nicht gut getrocknetem oder in schlecht gelagertem Mais oder in schlecht aufbewahrtem Maismehl und ungenügend gebackenem Maisbrot könnten durch harmlose Bakterien und Schimmelpilze giftige, pellagrogene Produkte gebildet werden. Andere Untersucher sahen die Pellagra als Ergebnis von allergischen Reaktionen. Klärung brachten Goldbergers Selbstversuche 1916 und schließlich 1937 der Nachweis Elvehjems des Mangels von Niacin bei Maisernährung.Im Kaisertum Österreich bzw. (ab 1867) in Österreich-Ungarn wurde die Pellagra in den k.k. Provinzen Küstenland, Tirol und Bukowina wie auch in Ungarn festgestellt und ab verschiedenen Zeiten bekämpft. Noch im Glauben der Schädlichkeit von verdorbenem Mais in der armen Bevölkerung wurden in Landesgesetzen von Tirol 1904, Görz und Gradiska (Küstenland) 1909 und der Bukowina 1911 umfängliche Maßnahmen verlangt. So sollten z. B. zur geregelten Versorgung der Bevölkerung Speisehäuser, Maistrockenöfen, -lagerhäuser und -magazine sowie öffentliche Brotbäckereien eingerichtet werden. Zur Behandlung Pellagrakranker waren Pellagrosarien und Notspitäler zu errichten, die Zahl niedergelassener Ärzte war zu erhöhen. Als wichtig wurde auch die Aufklärung der Bevölkerung verlangt. Ein Pellagrafonds sollte die Maßnahmen unterstützen. Als beratendes und begutachtendes Organ wird eine Pellagrakommission unter Vorsitz des Statthalters mit zwölf in ihrer Funktion festgelegten Mitgliedern eingesetzt.
Application of the TLC image analysis technique for the simultaneous quantitative determination of L-proline and L-lysine in dietary supplement
Authors: Skowron Monika , Zakrzewski Robert , Ciesielski Witold 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA simple and sensitive thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method coupled with an image analysis technique was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of L-proline and L-lysine in dietary supplement with good precision and accuracy. Separation was performed on silica gel plates using ethanol‒toluene (2:3, V/V) as the mobile phase. The visualization of chromatograms was based on iodine–azide reaction; therefore, pre-chromatographic derivatization reaction of amino acids with phenyl isothiocyanate was performed. Digital images of TLC plate chromatograms were converted into peak chromatograms, and quantitative analysis was conducted using TLSee software.
CSR leadership, spillovers, and first-mover advantage
Authors: Kopel Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I study the conditions under which a CSR leader, that is a firm which commits to invest in socially responsible activities prior to its competitor, can develop a first-mover advantage. A price-setting duopoly market with horizontally differentiated products is considered, where firms can increase the willingness to pay of the consumers of their products by investing in socially responsible activities. It is shown that if the investment in CSR is perfectly specific to the CSR leader and does not spill over to the CSR follower, the CSR leader achieves higher profits. Hence, a first-mover advantage arises. If however, CSR investment spills over to and hence benefits also the CSR follower by increasing the follower sales, then a second-mover advantage might arise for the follower. A characterization is provided for the influence of the intensity of competition and the level of spillovers on the relative and absolute level of CSR activities and the firms’ incentives to engage in CSR.
Von Fehlinformationen lernen
Authors: Dan Viorela 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Akteure blicken besorgt auf die Verbreitung von falschen bzw. irreführenden Botschaften im Internet – darunter Verschwörungstheorien, Gerüchte und Fake News/Falschmeldungen. Um die von Fehlinformationen Betroffenen und den dadurch entstandenen Irrglauben aufzuklären, werden Richtigstellungen herausgegeben. Allerdings schöpfen diese nicht immer ihr volles Wirkungspotenzial aus, was in der Folge keine hinreichende Aufklärung bedeutet. Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte zur Wirksamkeitssteigerung von Richtigstellungen beitragen und macht dazu einen unkonventionellen Vorschlag: Richtigstellungen sollten sich dieselben psychologischen Mechanismen zunutze machen wie die Fehlinformationen, die sie richtigstellen möchten. Um diese Mechanismen zu identifizieren, extrahiere ich aus bisherigen Studien die Eigenschaften von Fehlinformationen, die nach jetzigem Forschungsstand eine Erklärung für die große Aufmerksamkeit und Einprägsamkeit von Fehlinformationen, ihren hohen perzipierten Wahrheitsgehalt und ihre rasante Verbreitung liefern. Die anschließende Gegenüberstellung mit herausgearbeiteten Charakteristika von Richtigstellungen verdeutlicht zahlreiche Unterschiede zu Fehlinformationen in Bezug auf ihre Machart, ihre Kommunikatoren bzw. Quellen und ihre Verbreitungswege. Für jeden der festgestellten Unterschiede wird abgewogen, wie man bei Richtigstellungen aus Fehlinformationen lernen kann, die Wirksamkeit zu steigern, und inwiefern dies aus normativer Sicht vertretbar wäre. Dies führt zu sechs konkreten Vorschlägen für die Gestaltung und Verbreitung von Richtigstellungen.
Real-time stiffness compensation and force control of cooperating robots in robot-based double sided incremental sheet forming
Authors: Möllensiep Dennis , Gorlas Timo , Kulessa Philipp , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn robot-based incremental sheet forming, the forming robot is displaced due to the forming forces and the comparable low stiffness. As the forming forces can not be predicted precisely, the stiffness needs to be compensated based on the measurement of a force torque sensor. While previous approaches used precalculated lookup tables, this publication presents a multi body system robot model that can calculate the displacement of the tool center point in real-time. In incremental sheet forming, the supporting robot is typically force controlled to bring superimposed stress into the forming zone. Unfortunately, this could lead to oscillations in the stiffness compensation. The presented force control approach takes the stiffness compensation into account to ensure a smooth movement of the forming robot. In a series of 30 forming experiments the effectiveness of the developed stiffness compensation and force control is validated.
Extraction and Characterization of the Polar Lipid Fraction of Blackberry and Passion Fruit Seeds Oils Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Arturo-Perdomo David , Mora Juan Pablo Jiménez , Ibáñez Elena , Cifuentes Alejandro , Hurtado-Benavides Andrés , Montero Lidia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe study of the phytochemical composition of seed oils is of upmost importance for the food and cosmetic industries, mainly considering their associated biological properties. Extraction of seed oils using supercritical fluids (SFE) is an ecological and green alternative to conventional extraction processes since it is able to provide with potent bioactive extracts, avoiding degradation and transformation of the compounds present originally in the raw material. The objective of the present work was the extraction of pure fractions of polar lipids and their chemical characterization using chromatographic techniques such as GC-MS and LC-DAD-MS/MS of blackberry (Rubus glaucus) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seed oils extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. Oleamides derived from oleic acid were identified as the main compounds in both samples; in particular, 9-octadecenamide was the major identified oleamide. Besides, the extract obtained from passion fruit showed to be a source of linoleic acid, while the SFE extract from blackberry presented important concentrations of vanillin. The chemical composition of these seed oils can be of high interest for their further use in cosmetics and food industry.
Self-healing materials for space applications: overview of present development and major limitations
Authors: Pernigoni Laura , Lafont Ugo , Grande Antonio Mattia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, self-healing materials have become extremely appealing for the field of space applications, due to their technological evolution and the consequent possibility of designing space systems and structures able to repair autonomously after damage arising from impacts with micrometeoroids and orbital debris, from accidental contact with sharp objects, from structural fatigue or simply due to material aging. The integration of these novel materials in the design of spacecraft structures would result in increased reliability and safety leading to longer operational life and missions. Such concepts will bring a decisive boost enabling new mission scenario for the establishment of new orbital stations, settlement on the Moon and human exploration of Mars.The proposed review aims at presenting the newest and most promising self-healing materials and associated technologies for space application, along with the issues related to their current technological limitations in combination with the effect of the space environment. An introductory part about the outlooks and challenges of space exploration and the self-healing concept is followed by a brief description of the space environment and its possible effects on the performance of materials. Self-healing materials are then analysed in detail, moving from the general intrinsic and extrinsic categories down to the specific mechanisms.
Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata to supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities induced by Naja naja venom
Authors: Nayak Akshatha Ganesh , Kumar Nitesh , Shenoy Smita , Roche Maya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests a sizable involvement of hemotoxins in the morbidity associated with envenomation by the Indian spectacled cobra, Naja naja (N.N). This study investigates the ability of Indian polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV), methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP) and their combination in reversing the hemostatic abnormalities, viz. activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT), prothrombin time(PT) and thrombin time(TT) in citrated plasma. These parameters were assessed in 2 groups of experiments. Group 1: Without the prior incubation of plasma with venom and Group 2: With prior incubation of plasma with venom for 90 min at 37°C. Venom caused significant (p < 0.001) prolongation in aPTT (175%), PT (49%) and TT (34%) in Group 1 and ASV could completely bring them back to normal. MAP showed a concentration-dependent reversal in aPTT, normalization of PT and prolongation of TT. When low concentration of ASV was supplemented with MAP, their combined effect in normalizing aPTT and PT improved by 37% and 26% respectively when compared to ASV alone. In Group 2, venom caused significant (p < 0.001) prolongation in aPTT (231%), PT (312%) and TT (245%). ASV had limited effect in reversing aPTT (52%), TT (31%) but completely normalized PT. MAP was marginally effective in reversing the prolonged aPTT and PT but caused further prolongation of TT. Combination of ASV and MAP was more effective than ASV alone in reversing venom-induced increase in aPTT (52%) and PT (29%). The study proved that, a drastic reduction of ASV by 70%, could be effectively supplemented by MAP in combating hemostatic abnormalities induced by NN venom.
Water and sectoral policies in agriculture–forest frontiers: An expanded interdisciplinary research approach
Authors: Seijger Chris , Kleinschmit Daniela , Schmidt-Vogt Dietrich , Mehmood-Ul-Hassan Muhammad , Martius Christopher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMajor land use changes such as deforestation and restoration influence water resources in agriculture–forest landscapes. Changes are observed in water flows, groundwater infiltration, water quality and rainfall. Interdisciplinary water–forest research has unravelled biophysical parts of the interplay that influences forest and water resources. In this Perspective paper, we propose an expanded interdisciplinary research approach to study water and policies in agriculture–forest frontiers. The approach differs in four important aspects from previous ones: (i) a conceptual ‘frontier’ understanding; an analytical focus on (ii) agriculture and (iii) policy–water linkages; (iv) empirical attention to northern and southern countries. The approach is put into practice with the “Pendulum” framework, with interventions and the agriculture–forest frontier oscillating over time between exploitation and restoration. Through the approach, a better understanding will be provided on the dynamic interplay of water and policies in oscillating agriculture–forest frontiers, with changing outcomes for people and environment.
Fixed-Time Adaptive Robust Synchronization with a State Observer of Chaotic Support Structures for Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Alinaghi Hosseinabadi Pooyan , Soltani Sharif Abadi Ali , Mekhilef Saad , Pota Hemanshu Roy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe chaotic support structures for offshore wind turbines are often subjected to a severe environment. A robust control scheme needs to be considered to maintain them in a safe operational limit. Robust sliding mode control (SMC) scheme can provide an excellent robust controller against this severe and challenging environment for these chaotic structures. This paper proposes a novel fixed-time adaptive sliding mode control scheme with a state observer to synchronize chaotic support structures for offshore wind turbines in the presence of matched parametric uncertainties. The proposed controller is a new integration of adaptive control concept, SMC method, fixed-time stability concept and a state observer. A fixed-time stability concept is used to provide stability for the system within a presented time regardless of initial conditions. The adaptive concept is utilized to provide an online estimator of the uncertain upper bound. Also, a nonlinear observer is employed to provide an online estimator of an unmeasured state in the controller. Lyapunov stability theorem is used to analyze fixed-time stability of the system based on SMC methodology. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller is able to ensure fixed-time synchronization along with providing precise means to estimate the unmeasured state as well as uncertainty upper bound.
Anaphylaxis: subjective symptom reports of patients with a special focus on “near-death” experiences
Authors: Ring Johannes , Farschtschi Anna Maria , Grosber Martine , Brockow Knut 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAlmost all anaphylactic reactions are associated with subjective symptoms, which are also referred to “prodromi”, and are often not taken seriously. In 100 patients categorized with different severity grades, subjective symptoms were investigated in a personal interview with free/open questions regarding subjective feelings and symptoms (duration 5–90 min). After the interview, the patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about the exact occurrence of the reaction. Special focus was given to near-death experiences in severe reactions. Patients described feelings of “elevation”, “looking at themselves from outside”, “tunnel experiences” and “bright light”. In the kinetics of the anaphylactic reaction, cutaneous symptoms were most often reported as the first or second symptom, while cardiovascular and airway symptoms were also reported as the 3rd, 4th or 5th symptom. In 37% of the patients with severe reactions, everyday life has changed since suffering the anaphylactic episode.
CXC chemokine ligand 16: a Swiss army knife chemokine in cancer
Authors: Gowhari Shabgah Arezoo , Qasim Maytham T. , Mojtaba Mostafavi Seyed , Olegovna Zekiy Angelina , Ezzatifar Fatemeh , Ahmadi Majid , Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh Saeed , Gholizadeh Navashenaq Jamshid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Today, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lately, cytokine and chemokine imbalances have gained attention amongst different involved pathways in cancer development and attracted much consideration in cancer research. CXCL16, as a member of the CXC subgroup of chemokines, has been attributed to be responsible for immune cell infiltration into the tumour microenvironment. The aberrant expression of CXCL16 has been observed in various cancers. This chemokine has been shown to play a conflicting role in tumour development through inducing pro-inflammatory conditions. The infiltration of various immune and non-immune cells such as lymphocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts and myeloid-derived suppressor cells by CXCL16 into the tumour microenvironment has complicated the tumour fate. Given this diverse role of CXCL16 in cancer, a better understanding of its function might build-up our knowledge about tumour biology. Hence, this study aimed to review the impact of CXCL16 in cancer and explored its therapeutic application. Consideration of these findings might provide opportunities to achieve novel approaches in cancer treatment and its prognosis.
The Boston Medical Center Immigrant Task Force: An Alternative to Teaching Immigration Law to Health Care Providers
Authors: Crosby Sondra S. , Sonis Lily , Annas George J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs healthcare providers engage in the politics of reforming and humanizing our immigration and asylum “system” it is critical that they are able to refer their patients whose health is directly impacted by our immigration laws and policies to experts who can help them navigate the system and obtain the healthcare they need.
Ethical Allocation of Scarce Food Resources During Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Wetter Sarah , Hodge James G. , Carey Emily 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEscalating demands for limited food supplies at America’s food banks and pantries during the COVID-19 pandemic have raised ethical concerns underlying “first-come, first-served” distributions strategies. A series of model ethical principles are designed to guide ethical allocations of these resources to assure greater access among persons facing food insecurity.
Diplomatic Relations in a Virtual World
Authors: Bramson Aaron , Hoefman Kevin , Schoors Koen , Ryckebusch Jan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe apply variations and extensions of structural balance theory to analyze the dynamics of geopolitical relations using data from the virtual world Eve Online. The highly detailed data enable us to study the interplay of alliance size, power, and geographic proximity on the prevalence and conditional behavior of triads built from empirical political alliances. Through our analysis, we reveal the degree to which the behaviors of players conform to the predictions of structural balance theory and whether our augmentations of the theory improve these predictions. In addition to studying the time series of the proportions of triad types, we investigate the conditional changes in triad types and the formation of polarized political coalitions. We find that player behavior largely conforms to the predictions of a multipolar version of structural balance theory that separates strong and weak configurations of balanced and frustrated triads. The high degree of explanatory power of structural balance theory in this context provides strong support for both the theory and the use of virtual worlds in social science research.
THREE GREEK PROPER NAMES IN OVID, METAMORPHOSES BOOK 10
Authors: Fàbregas Salis Pere 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the transcription of three Greek proper names in Ovid, Metamorphoses Book 10. It argues that we should read Haemon (10.77), Amycliade (10.162) and Panchaica (10.309) rather than Haemum, Amyclide and Panchaia.
Naturalistic Use of Aspect Morphology in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children
Authors: BOWDRIE Kristina , HOLT Rachael Frush , BLANK Andrew , WAGNER Laura 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGrammatical morphology often links small acoustic forms to abstract semantic domains. Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children have reduced access to the acoustic signal and frequently have delayed acquisition of grammatical morphology (e.g., Tomblin, Harrison, Ambrose, Walker, Oleson & Moeller, 2015). This study investigated the naturalistic use of aspectual morphology in DHH children to determine if they organize this semantic domain as normal hearing (NH) children have been found to do. Thirty DHH children (M = 6;8) and 29 NH children (M = 5;11) acquiring English participated in a free-play session and their tokens of perfective (simple past) and imperfective (-ing) morphology were coded for the lexical aspect of the predicate they marked. Both groups showed established prototype effects, favoring perfective + telic and imperfective + atelic pairings over perfective + atelic and perfective + atelic ones. Thus, despite reduced access to the acoustic signal, this DHH group was unimpaired for aspectual organization.
Sexually transmitted infections knowledge in different populations attending a French university hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: Alfaiate Dulce , Giaché Susanna , Pradat Pierre , Cotte Laurent , Chidiac Christian ,   the Croix-Rousse STI Study Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe conducted a prospective study about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) knowledge in different populations attending Lyon's University Hospitals in order to estimate awareness on STIs. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)-users (PrEP group), persons living with HIV (PLWH group) and persons undergoing free STI screening (screening group) filled an anonymous questionnaire evaluating STI knowledge. A composite STI knowledge score was calculated and was correlated with patients’ characteristics. A total of 756 patients were enrolled in three groups: screening (n= 509), PrEP (n= 103) and PLWH (n= 144). STI transmission knowledge was better for HIV than for other STIs. The median STI knowledge score was significantly higher in PrEP-users than in the screening and PLWH groups. PrEP use and a previous STI diagnosis were independently associated with a higher score. PrEP-users have better STI knowledge than PLWH and persons undergoing free STI screening. Sexual health promotion interventions routinely reserved to PrEP-users in France seem to be effective in raising the awareness of this group for STIs. Continuous efforts are justified for PLWH and the younger layers of the population.