bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison on the detection accuracy of ante mortem computed tomography vs. autopsy for the diagnosis of pelvic ring injury in legal medicine
Authors: Höch Andreas , Özkurtul Orkun , Hammer Niels , Heinemann Axel , Tse Rexson , Zwirner Johann , Henkelmann Jeanette , Fakler Johannes , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA detailed knowledge on the exact morphology of pelvic injuries provided crucial information in understanding the mechanisms of injury and has influence on the natural course and subsequent mortality. However, forensic medical literature investigating pelvic fractures in detail is scarce to date. This case series aims to compare the accuracy in detecting pelvic injuries using autopsy and ante mortem computed tomography (CT). Nineteen deceased patients with CT scans of pelvic fractures were included retrospectively. Pelvic injuries were independently assessed by a board‐certified radiologist (R) and a board‐certified trauma surgeon (T), both using the ante mortem CT scans, and by a board‐certified forensic pathologist using autopsy (A) results without knowledge of the CT scan findings. No patient had died causatively from a pelvic fracture. Most injuries of the pelvis were present in the pubic rami (16/18) and sacral bone (13/18), followed by the sacroiliac joint (9/18) and iliac bone fractures (8/18). Ilium fractures (A:100%;R:67%;T:67%) and injuries of the sacroiliac joint (A:83%;R:50%;T:42%) were best detected via autopsy. The diagnosis of sacral fractures (A:19%;R:94%;T:88%) and fractures of the pubic rami (A:67%;R:96%;T:96%) were most often missed in autopsy. The results show deficits in the assessment of the pelvic injury for both CT and autopsy. Autopsy was superior in detecting injuries of the sacroiliac joint, but inferior in detecting sacral and pubic bone fractures. For an encompassing evaluation of ligamento‐skeletal pelvic injuries, the complementary use of both CT and autopsy is recommended.
Predicting a target exercise heart rate that reflects the anaerobic threshold in nonbeta‐blocked hemodialysis patients: The Karvonen and heart rate reserve formulas
Authors: Yabe Hiroki , Kono Kenichi , Onoyama Ayaka , Kiyota Akiho , Moriyama Yoshifumi , Okada Keiko , Kasuga Hirotake 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate constants of the Karvonen (k) and heart rate reserve (HRR) (α) formulas that correspond to the anaerobic threshold (AT) to conveniently estimate the intensity of exercise therapy in nonbeta‐blocked patients undergoing hemodialysis. Twenty‐three patients undergoing hemodialysis performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) and their HR at AT was measured. The predictor coefficients for a target HR corresponding to AT were calculated for each patient based on CPX. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis were used to evaluate the reliability of the formulas. Mean values of coefficient k of the Karvonen formula and α of the HRR formula were 0.24 ± 0.11 and 17.4 ± 8, respectively. The target HR calculated with k = 0.24 and α = 17 had significant ICC between HR at AT (0.74 and 0.77, respectively; P < 0.05). Using the Karvonen and HRR formulas to determine a target HR corresponding to AT is a simple and easy method that can be used to develop exercise programs for hemodialysis patients.
Removing the bad apples: A simple bioinformatic method to improve loci‐recovery in de novo RADseq data for non‐model organisms
Authors: Cerca José , Maurstad Marius F. , Rochette Nicolas C. , Rivera‐Colón Angel G. , Rayamajhi Niraj , Catchen Julian M. , Struck Torsten H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The restriction site‐associated DNA (RADseq) family of protocols involves digesting DNA and sequencing the region flanking the cut site, thus providing a cost and time‐efficient way for obtaining thousands of genomic markers. However, when working with non‐model taxa with few genomic resources, optimization of RADseq wet‐lab and bioinformatic tools may be challenging, often resulting in allele dropout—that is when a given RADseq locus is not sequenced in one or more individuals resulting in missing data. Additionally, as datasets include divergent taxa, rates of dropout will increase since restriction sites may be lost due to mutation. Mitigating the impacts of allele dropout is crucial, as missing data may lead to incorrect inferences in population genetics and phylogenetics.

Here, we demonstrate a simple pipeline for the optimization of RADseq datasets which involves partitioning datasets into subgroups, namely by reducing and analysing the dataset at a population or species level. By running the software Stacks at a subgroup level, we were able to reliably identify and remove individuals with high levels of missing data (bad apples) likely stemming from artefacts in library preparation, DNA quality or sequencing artefacts.

Removal of the bad apples generally led to an increase in loci and decrease in missing data in the final datasets.

The biological interpretability of the data, as measured by the number of retrieved loci and missing data, was considerably increased.
From small forest samples to generalised uni‐ and bimodal stand descriptions
Authors: Mey Reinhard , Stadelmann Golo , Thürig Esther , Bugmann Harald , Zell Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForests provide multiple services, and in the face of global change adaptive management strategies are needed, which inevitably must be based on models. However, most locally accurate forest models are tied to the stand scale and cannot readily be applied across large areas. Empirical data for model initialisation are often not available at large spatial scales. National Forest Inventories (NFIs) provide spatially representative tree and stand samples, but their samples are typically small, that is, only a few trees are measured per plot, and they are truncated, that is, not each tree has the same probability of being observed. To overcome these issues, we develop and apply a methodology to derive stand descriptions from small sample data, taking the Swiss NFI as a case study.We extended the traditional Weibull function to (multi‐)truncated unimodal and bimodal forms that are suitable for the representation of samples from survey designs with multiple callipering thresholds. Subsequently, we applied these functions in an extended parameter prediction method to derive stand diameter distributions from representative samples. Additionally, we predicted species compositions using a multinomial logistic regression model and assigned them to the diameter distributions of the stands.The diameter distribution of 9.1% of the Swiss NFI samples was better described by a bimodal than a unimodal Weibull function. The uni‐ and bimodal diameter model in combination with the model to determine species composition can be used to predict stand descriptions from single small samples or entire forest types in the target area. Thereby, the bimodal form is suitable for capturing stand structures with distinct under‐ and overstorey. In Switzerland, the diameter distributions of stands are typically positively skewed.Our method can be applied to any large‐scale dataset (e.g. NFI) and allows to generate initial conditions in terms of spatially representative stands. These, in turn, are suitable for forest stand simulators, which allows for developing adaptive forest management strategies at large scales, by simulating realistic and site‐specific stand development while still reflecting detailed management measures. Furthermore, stand descriptions can be used to assess tree species diversity, regeneration and harvest potentials.
Multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct almond witches'‐broom phytoplasma subpopulations in Iran
Authors: Mosayyebi Niloofar , Mehraban Zahra , Siampour Majid , Babaei Ghobad , Quaglino Fabio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring a field survey conducted in different geographical regions of Iran, phytoplasma‐like symptoms were observed in peach, almond, wild almond and GF‐677 rootstock. Based on 16S rDNA amplification, followed by nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses, almond witches'‐broom (AlmWB) phytoplasma strains were found in association with symptomatic plants. Based on the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms within 16S rDNA sequence, most of the Iranian AlmWB phytoplasma strains were distinguished from the Lebanese strains. Further molecular typing, based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses of rplV‐rpsC (ribosomal proteins) and imp (immunodominant membrane protein) genes, indicated that AlmWB phytoplasma strains can be differentiated in two subpopulations: Ir, including exclusively Iranian strains; Lb, comprising strains from Lebanon and Iran. Moreover, the selection pressure analysis of imp gene sequences suggested that these two AlmWB phytoplasma subpopulations had some distinct biological or ecological properties. Finally, results of the sequence and phylogenetic analyses performed on rplV‐rpsC and imp genes showed a considerably high genetic distance between AlmWB phytoplasma strains (16SrIX‐B and variants) and phytoplasmas belonging to other 16SrIX subgroups. The significance of genetic variation in phytoplasmas of 16SrIX group is discussed in relation to their biological characteristics and geographical distinction.
Resilience to Hazardous Drinking Among Never‐Deployed Male United States Army Reserve and National Guard Soldiers
Authors: Hoopsick Rachel A. , Homish D. Lynn , Vest Bonnie M. , Bartone Paul T. , Homish Gregory G. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundNegative emotions related to never having been deployed to active duty are associated with an increased risk of hazardous drinking among United States Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers. Resiliency factors are known to buffer the effects of combat on hazardous drinking among service members who have been deployed, but it is not known whether these factors are protective for never‐deployed service members, or which domains of hazardous drinking might be affected. Therefore, we examined the effects of a range of resiliency factors (i.e., marital satisfaction, psychological hardiness, intrinsic religiosity) on the relation between nondeployment emotions (NDE) and domains of hazardous drinking.MethodsWe drew a subset of data from Operation: Soldiers and Families Excelling Through the Years (N = 112 never‐deployed male soldiers), an ongoing study of USAR/NG soldiers. Regression models examined the main effects of NDE on each of the domains of hazardous drinking (i.e., total Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] score, consumption subscale, dependence subscale, alcohol‐related problems subscale) and effect modification of each of the resiliency factors on the relations between NDE and the domains of hazardous drinking, separately. Final models controlled for years of military service, rank (enlisted vs. officer), number of military friends in the social network, and depression.ResultsGreater NDE were associated with a higher total AUDIT score, alcohol consumption, and alcohol dependence (ps < 0.05), but not alcohol‐related problems (p > 0.05). Marital satisfaction and psychological hardiness buffered the effects of NDE on total AUDIT score and alcohol dependence (p < 0.05). Intrinsic religiosity only modified the effect of NDE on total AUDIT score. None of the resiliency factors modified the effects of NDE on alcohol consumption or alcohol‐related problems.ConclusionsSoldiers with greater NDE had a greater risk of hazardous drinking in the presence of low resilience. Interventions to promote resiliency are an important consideration for protecting USAR/NG soldiers from hazardous drinking, regardless of their deployment history.
Repeated exposure to cocaine during adolescence enhances the rewarding threshold for cocaine‐conditioned place preference in adulthood
Authors: Caffino Lucia , Moro Federico , Mottarlini Francesca , Targa Giorgia , Di Clemente Angelo , Toia Marianna , Orrù Alessandro , Giannotti Giuseppe , Fumagalli Fabio , Cervo Luigi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that adolescent exposure to cocaine increases drug use in adulthood, albeit incubation of cocaine seeking was found to be attenuated in rats trained to self‐administer cocaine during adolescence. We here hypothesize that adolescent exposure to cocaine could alter the rewarding properties of the psychostimulant in adulthood. By employing two of the most widely used animal‐experimental‐preclinical models to investigate drug addiction, we evaluated whether contingent versus non‐contingent cocaine self‐administration during adolescence modulates its rewarding threshold in adulthood evaluated by conditioned place preference (CPP). Cocaine self‐administration during adolescence increases the rewarding threshold in adulthood; CPP for cocaine was observed at the higher (20 mg/kg), but not at the lower (10 mg/kg), dose employed. Rats exposed to either contingent or non‐contingent cocaine during adolescence exhibited the same behavior in the CPP paradigm suggesting that, under our experimental conditions, cocaine rewarding properties are shaped by the psychostimulant itself and not by its motivational effects. From a mechanistic standpoint, the preference for the 20 mg/kg cocaine‐paired side in a CPP paradigm appears to depend, at least partially, upon the formation of GluA2‐lacking Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors and the consequent increase of αCaMKII activity in the NAc, both of which are instead reduced when the 10 mg/kg dose was used. In conclusion, contingent or non‐contingent cocaine exposure during adolescence desensitizes adult animals to a rewarding dose of cocaine (10 mg/kg) elevating the rewarding threshold necessary (20 mg/kg) to drive conditioned place preference, an effect that may predispose to higher consumption of cocaine during adulthood.
Quality of life of women with untreated vulval lichen sclerosus assessed with vulval quality of life index (VQLI)
Authors: Wijaya Marlene , Lee Geoffrey , Fischer Gayle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe diagnosis of vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS) is often delayed, and little is known about quality of life (QoL) of women with it prior to receiving diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the impact on QoL on patients with previously untreated VLS using the Vulval Quality of Life Index (VQLI).MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional survey of patients attending a dermato‐gynaecology practice in Sydney, Australia from March 2018 to November 2019. Patients with a new biopsy‐proven diagnosis of VLS not previously commenced on topical corticosteroid treatment were invited to complete the VQLI.ResultsA total of 68 participants with median age of 58 (interquartile range, IQR 48–67) years. Median symptom duration was 24 (IQR 11–60) months. Scarring was present in 53% of participants. The median total score was 13.5 (IQR 7.5–22.0), global score 1.0 (IQR 1.0–2.0). Twelve per cent had nil to minimal effect on QoL, 38% had a mild effect on QoL, 28% had a moderate effect on QoL, 22% had a severe effect on QoL, and none had a very severe effect on QoL. The highest‐scoring domains were symptoms, followed by sexuality, anxiety and activities of daily living.ConclusionThere was significant impairment in all QoL areas of women with untreated VLS. Most experienced moderate‐to‐severe impairment as a result of the disease and approximately half had already developed scarring at the time of diagnosis. The findings emphasise the importance of improved awareness, early diagnosis and early commencement of treatment in VLS.
Australian National Cervical Screening Program renewal: Attitudes and experiences of general practitioners, and obstetricians and gynaecologists
Authors: Obermair Helena M. , Bennett Kirsty F. , Brotherton Julia M.L. , Smith Megan A. , McCaffery Kirsten J. , Dodd Rachael H. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIn 2017, the Australian National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP) implemented five‐yearly primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening for women aged 25–74. It is important that clinicians are able to explain the NCSP changes to women and confidently address concerns.AimsThis study examined Australian clinicians’ attitudes toward and experiences of the NCSP renewal since its implementation.Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional survey of clinicians (general practitioners, obstetricians and gynaecologists) involved in cervical screening, distributed two years after implementation of the renewed NCSP. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsSix hundred and seven participants completed the survey. More than 80% of clinicians were comfortable with the main NCSP changes: extended screening intervals, increased age of first screening, and screening test used. However, only 47% of clinicians reported having utilised the National Cancer Screening Register, and a third of clinicians did not believe that self‐collection was a reasonable alternative to practitioner‐collected screening for under‐screened women. Increased demands for colposcopy were reported. All clinicians identified at least one area of educational need, including the management of women with a history of screen‐detected abnormalities in the previous program (34.9%), post‐colposcopy management for women with no abnormalities detected (25.5%), and screening in complex scenarios (eg immunocompromise) (26.5%).ConclusionsOverall, Australian clinicians are comfortable with the main changes to the cervical screening program. Certain areas may require further policy review, such as screening in complex clinical scenarios, colposcopy availability, accessibility of the Register and self‐collection. These issues could be meaningful for other countries switching to HPV‐based screening.
Association between intra‐operative cardiac arrest and country Human Development Index status: a systematic review with meta‐regression analysis and meta‐analysis of observational studies*
Authors: Braz L. G. , Einav S. , Heesen M. A. , Betini M. , Corrente J. E. , Pacchioni M. , Cury J. B. , Braz M. G. , Braz J. R. C. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIntra‐operative cardiac arrests differ from most in‐hospital cardiac arrests because they reflect not only the patient's condition but also the quality of surgery and anaesthesia care provided. We assessed the relationship between intra‐operative cardiac arrest rates and country Human Development Index (HDI), and the changes occurring in these rates over time. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO from inception to 29 January 2020. For the global population, rates of intra‐operative cardiac arrest and baseline ASA physical status were extracted. Intra‐operative cardiac arrest rates were analysed by time, country HDI status and ASA physical status using meta‐regression analysis. Proportional meta‐analysis was performed to compare intra‐operative cardiac arrest rates and ASA physical status in low‐ vs. high‐HDI countries and in two time periods. Eighty‐two studies from 25 countries with more than 29 million anaesthetic procedures were included. Intra‐operative cardiac arrest rates were inversely correlated with country HDI (p = 0.0001); they decreased over time only in high‐HDI countries (p = 0.040) and increased with increasing ASA physical status (p < 0.0001). Baseline ASA physical status did not change in high‐HDI countries (p = 0.106), while it decreased over time in low‐HDI countries (p = 0.040). In high‐HDI countries, intra‐operative cardiac arrest rates (per 10,000 anaesthetic procedures) decreased from 9.59 (95%CI 6.59–13.16) pre‐1990 to 5.17 (95%CI 4.42–5.97) in 1990–2020 (p = 0.013). During the same time periods, no improvement was observed in the intra‐operative cardiac arrest rates in low‐HDI countries (p = 0.498). Odds ratios of intra‐operative cardiac arrest rates in ASA 3–5 patients were 8.48 (95%CI 1.67–42.99) times higher in low‐HDI countries than in high‐HDI countries (p = 0.0098). Intra‐operative cardiac arrest rates are related to country‐HDI and decreased over time only in high‐HDI countries. The widening gap in these rates between low‐ and high‐HDI countries needs to be addressed globally.
The value of ECG changes in risk stratification of COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Bergamaschi Luca , D’Angelo Emanuela Concetta , Paolisso Pasquale , Toniolo Sebastiano , Fabrizio Michele , Angeli Francesco , Donati Francesco , Magnani Ilenia , Rinaldi Andrea , Bartoli Lorenzo , Chiti Chiara , Biffi Mauro , Pizzi Carmine , Viale Pierluigi , Galié Nazzareno 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence of cardiac injury in COVID‐19. Our purpose was to assess the prognostic value of serial electrocardiograms in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsWe evaluated 269 consecutive patients admitted to our center with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. ECGs available at admission and after 1 week from hospitalization were assessed. We evaluated the correlation between ECGs findings and major adverse events (MAE) as the composite of intra‐hospital all‐cause mortality or need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Abnormal ECGs were defined if primary ST‐T segment alterations, left ventricular hypertrophy, tachy or bradyarrhythmias and any new AV, bundle blocks or significant morphology alterations (e.g., new Q pathological waves) were present.ResultsAbnormal ECG at admission (106/216) and elevated baseline troponin values were more common in patients who developed MAE (p = .04 and p = .02, respectively). Concerning ECGs recorded after 7 days (159), abnormal findings were reported in 53.5% of patients and they were more frequent in those with MAE (p = .001). Among abnormal ECGs, ischemic alterations and left ventricular hypertrophy were significantly associated with a higher MAE rate. The multivariable analysis showed that the presence of abnormal ECG at 7 days of hospitalization was an independent predictor of MAE (HR 3.2; 95% CI 1.2–8.7; p = .02). Furthermore, patients with abnormal ECG at 7 days more often required transfer to the intensive care unit (p = .01) or renal replacement therapy (p = .04).ConclusionsPatients with COVID‐19 should receive ECG at admission but also during their hospital stay. Indeed, electrocardiographic alterations during hospitalization are associated with MAE and infection severity.
Joint model for survival and multivariate sparse functional data with application to a study of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Li Cai , Xiao Luo , Luo Sheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) often collect multiple longitudinal clinical outcomes, which are correlated and predictive of AD progression. It is of great scientific interest to investigate the association between the outcomes and time to AD onset. We model the multiple longitudinal outcomes as multivariate sparse functional data and propose a functional joint model linking multivariate functional data to event time data. In particular, we propose a multivariate functional mixed model to identify the shared progression pattern and outcome‐specific progression patterns of the outcomes, which enables more interpretable modeling of associations between outcomes and AD onset. The proposed method is applied to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study (ADNI) and the functional joint model sheds new light on inference of five longitudinal outcomes and their associations with AD onset. Simulation studies also confirm the validity of the proposed model. Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the ADNI database.