bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble‐based singular value decomposition analysis to clarify the causes of heavy rainfall
Authors: Yokota Sho , Seko Hiromu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe complex relationships between rainfall amounts and their causes require further clarification through analytical research. This study utilizes ensemble‐based singular value decomposition (ESVD) analysis that decomposes the ensemble‐based cross‐covariance matrix between datasets related to atmospheric states and hydrometeors. ESVD analysis is applied to the “Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 in Japan.” The initial states of 301‐member ensemble forecasts are created using a local ensemble transform Kalman filter, and the ensemble forecasts are obtained by the regional nonhydrostatic model (2 km horizontal grid interval). The ESVD analysis results indicate that the heterogeneous correlation maps of the first mode (maximum squared singular value) and second mode exhibit high correlations between the synoptic‐scale atmospheric states (the location of the stationary front and the baroclinically enhanced updraft) and rainfall characteristics. The results obtained using the sixth mode show that local water vapor fluxes in the lower layer are correlated with mesoscale rainfall characteristics. Therefore, ESVD analysis can be used to clarify multiple, independent relationships between multiscale atmospheric states and heavy rainfall.
HTLV‐1 oncovirus‐host interactions: From entry to the manifestation of associated diseases
Authors: Ahmadi Ghezeldasht Sanaz , Shamsian Seyed Ali Akbar , Gholizadeh Navashenaq Jamshid , Miri Raheleh , Ashrafi Fereshteh , Mosavat Arman , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim 
Published: March 2021

SummaryHuman T lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) is a well‐known human oncovirus, associated with two life‐threatening diseases, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV‐1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The study of this oncogenic virus is significant from two different aspects. First, HTLV‐1 can be considered as a neglected public health problem, which may spread slowly worldwide. Second, the incidence of HTLV‐1 associated diseases due to oncogenic effects and deterioration of the immune system towards autoimmune diseases are not fully understood. Furthermore, knowledge about viral routes of transmission is important for considering potential interventions, treatments or vaccines in endemic regions. In this review, novel characteristics of HTLV‐1, such as the unusual infectivity of virions through the virological synapse, are discussed in the context of the HTLV‐1 associated diseases (ATL and HAM/TSP).
Water management effect on soil oxidation, greenhouse gas emissions, and nitrogen leaching in drained peat soils
Authors: Rodriguez Andres F. , Daroub Samira H. , Gerber Stefan , Jennewein Stephen P. , Singh Maninder P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoil subsidence of peatlands occurs worldwide due to drainage. The Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), located in South Florida, has been drained for agriculture since 1914, with subsidence resulting in shallow soils in certain areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of water management strategies on soil oxidation and N release as affected by differences in proximity to the bedrock. Oxidation rates (CO2 efflux), as well as CH4 and N2O emissions, were measured in lysimeters filled with shallow and deep peat subjected to four water treatments. Additionally, NO3–N, NH4–N, soluble organic N, and dissolved organic C were measured in leachate obtained from the collected soils. Average annual emissions from constantly drained soils were 298 g CO2–C m–2 yr–1, with most of the oxidation taking place between June and October. Short flood cycles increased annual oxidation rates compared with constantly drained soils, which had the second highest oxidation rate. Constantly flooded soils had the lowest annual oxidation rates, followed by summer flooded soils. Total N lost in leachate was highest for constantly drained soils, with NO3 being the dominant form. The deep soils had higher losses of soluble N and C, whereas NO3 losses from shallow soils were higher. Soil oxidation rates did not differ depending on proximity to the bedrock. We conclude that strategies that avoid short flooding cycles and include crop rotations that allow flooding during summer can reduce oxidation and N losses in leachate from EAA peats.
Competing both ways: How combining Porter's low‐cost and focus strategies hurts firm performance
Authors: Lee Chi‐Hyon , Hoehn‐Weiss Manuela N. , Karim Samina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study empirically examines the impact of firms' pursuing multiple generic strategies, namely, Porter's low‐cost and focus strategies. We conceptualize pursuing cost efficiency advantage as low‐cost strategy and restraining rivalry through horizontal differentiation as focus strategy. Although we corroborate earlier Strategy research that each of these strategies alone may have a positive impact on firm profitability, we highlight that mechanisms driving the interaction of these two strategies are, in fact, nonadditive in nature, consistent with recent analytical work. Using the context of the scheduled U.S. passenger airline industry over two decades, we empirically show that combining a low‐cost strategy with a focus strategy is, indeed, detrimental to firm profitability, which has important implications for scholarship and practice.Managerial SummaryFirms have effectively used low‐cost or focus strategies to improve their performance. Our study demonstrates that although firms pursuing either strategy individually can benefit, pursuing these two generic strategies of low‐cost and focus simultaneously actually hurts firms' profitability. In essence, we show that when firms pursuing a low‐cost strategy already possess a cost efficiency advantage over their rivals for the full customer base, firms have nothing to gain by simultaneously limiting rivalry—through focusing on a smaller customer segment—and thus giving away revenue to rivals. Our insights regarding the combination of different generic strategies caution managers to not be misled by the performance gains of either low‐cost and focus strategies individually, but to realize that these two in tandem actually may harm profitability.
‘Big Interdisciplinarity’: Unsettling and Resettling Excellence
Authors: Bock von Wülfingen Bettina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses differences in group perceptions amongst a large international and multi-disciplinary research community. It is a cluster of excellence with the explicit aim of bringing natural sciences and humanities together in joint experiments. Who wins, when disciplinary borders fall? The article discusses the moment of the appearance of the cluster on the grounds of a thorough analysis of the notions of interdisciplinarity, excellence and the recent history of European research policy. This empirical study of the forms of knowledge, practices and behaviours that intersect with differences of cultures, disciplines and gender in this community is part of self-reflexive structures that were installed within the cluster research on research practices. The results show that this new form of structure of ‘big interdisciplinarity’ offers the formation of new (collaborative) identities to those involved. New forms of group minority and majority understandings emerge, which, in contrast to the expectation of the cluster at the beginning don’t seem to advantage usually disadvantaged identities in science.
What Synthetic Biology Aims At: Review Articles as Sites for Constructing and Narrating an Emerging Field
Authors: Blümel Clemens 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe analysis of scientific communities and collectives are central to STS and sociological studies of science. However, the current emergence of techno-scientific communities, such as synthetic biology, raises the question as to whether novel identities, but also novel ways of community building have developed. In this respect, the emergence of a new publication regime, the ubiquity of citations as a means of governing attention and visibility, and the establishment of multidisciplinary audiences might have changed the ways of scholarly field formation. In this article I propose that formats of scholarly writing have acquired new functions in this process, changing modes of presenting and legitimating novel scientific communities. Hence, I put forward the idea that the evolution of a specific publication format which I term here as `techno-scientific review article’ and the ways of narrating communities are closely intertwined. To elaborate my argument, I draw on linguistic genre analysis of science. I found that review papers in synthetic biology are important for the field: Equipped with specific textual qualities they become central sites for articulating past and the futures of the field.
Tracing Technoscientific Collectives in Synthetic Biology: Interdisciplines and Communities of Knowledge Application
Authors: Degelsegger-Márquez Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe relevance of collectives for scientific research has long been a matter of debate among sociologists of science and STS scholars. In this article, I revisit the notion of scientific communities from the perspective of practices in technoscientific fields of research. The case I focus on is synthetic biology, a field of research characterised by introducing engineering principles to biology. Drawing from field observations, a discussion of community concepts in sociological literature and interview data, I argue that concepts of community in the technosciences oversimplify the aspects and types of collectives that come to matter in research practices. The case of synthetic biology suggests that, when thinking about technoscientific communities, we have to consider aspects of research practices that point beyond knowledge production. To address this issue, I propose the notion of communities of knowledge application, which helps to reflect current trends in technoscientific research and research governance. Both contexts of knowledge production and contexts of knowledge application should be taken into account in an analysis of technoscientific communities.
Nondeterministic Syntactic Complexity
Authors: Myers Robert S. R. , Milius Stefan , Urbat Henning 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new measure on regular languages: theirnondeterministic syntactic complexity. It is the least degree of any extension of the ‘canonical boolean representation’ of the syntactic monoid. Equivalently, it is the least number of states of anysubatomicnondeterministic acceptor. It turns out that essentially all previous structural work on nondeterministic state-minimality computes this measure. Our approach rests on an algebraic interpretation of nondeterministic finite automata as deterministic finite automata endowed with semilattice structure. Crucially, the latter form a self-dual category.
The Decidability of Verification under PS 2.0
Authors: Abdulla Parosh Aziz , Atig Mohamed Faouzi , Godbole Adwait , Krishna S. , Vafeiadis Viktor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider the reachability problem for finite-state multi-threaded programs under the promising semantics () of Lee et al., which captures most common program transformations. Since reachability is already known to be undecidable in the fragment of with only release-acquire accesses (-), we consider the fragment with only relaxed accesses and promises (). We show that reachability under is undecidable in general and that it becomes decidable, albeit non-primitive recursive, if we bound the number of promises.Given these results, we consider a bounded version of the reachability problem. To this end, we bound both the number of promises and of “view-switches”, i.e., the number of times the processes may switch their local views of the global memory. We provide a code-to-code translation from an input program under (with relaxed and release-acquire memory accesses along with promises) to a program under SC, thereby reducing the bounded reachability problem under to the bounded context-switching problem under SC. We have implemented a tool and tested it on a set of benchmarks, demonstrating that typical bugs in programs can be found with a small bound.
Reverse AD at Higher Types: Pure, Principled and Denotationally Correct
Authors: Vákár Matthijs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show how to define forward- and reverse-mode automatic differentiation source-code transformations or on a standard higher-order functional language. The transformations generate purely functional code, and they are principled in the sense that their definition arises from a categorical universal property. We give a semantic proof of correctness of the transformations. In their most elegant formulation, the transformations generate code with linear types. However, we demonstrate how the transformations can be implemented in a standard functional language without sacrificing correctness. To do so, we make use of abstract data types to represent the required linear types, e.g. through the use of a basic module system.
Coupled Relational Symbolic Execution for Differential Privacy
Authors: Farina Gian Pietro , Chong Stephen , Gaboardi Marco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDifferential privacy is a de facto standard in data privacy with applications in the private and public sectors. Most of the techniques that achieve differential privacy are based on a judicious use of randomness. However, reasoning about randomized programs is difficult and error prone. For this reason, several techniques have been recently proposed to support designer in proving programs differentially private or in finding violations to it.In this work we propose a technique based on symbolic execution for reasoning about differential privacy. Symbolic execution is a classic technique used for testing, counterexample generation and to prove absence of bugs. Here we use symbolic execution to support these tasks specifically for differential privacy. To achieve this goal, we design a relational symbolic execution technique which supports reasoning about probabilistic coupling, a formal notion that has been shown useful to structure proofs of differential privacy. We show how our technique can be used to both verify and find violations to differential privacy.
Relativistic impulse approximation in the atomic ionization process induced by millicharged particles
Authors: Qiao Chen-Kai , Lin Shin-Ted , Chi Hsin-Chang , Jia Hai-Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The millicharged particle has become an attractive topic to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. In direct detection experiments, the parameter space of millicharged particles can be constrained from the atomic ionization process. In this work, we develop the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) approach, which can duel with atomic many-body effects effectively, in the atomic ionization process induced by millicharged particles. The formulation of RIA in the atomic ionization induced by millicharged particles is derived, and the numerical calculations are obtained and compared with those from free electron approximation and equivalent photon approximation. Concretely, the atomic ionizations induced by mllicharged dark matter particles and millicharged neutrinos in high-purity germanium (HPGe) and liquid xenon (LXe) detectors are carefully studied in this work. The differential cross sections, reaction event rates in HPGe and LXe detectors, and detecting sensitivities on dark matter particle and neutrino millicharge in next-generation HPGe and LXe based experiments are estimated and calculated to give a comprehensive study. Our results suggested that the next-generation experiments would improve 2-3 orders of magnitude on dark matter particle millicharge δχ than the current best experimental bounds in direct detection experiments. Furthermore, the next-generation experiments would also improve 2-3 times on neutrino millicharge δν than the current experimental bounds.
The physics potential of a reactor neutrino experiment with Skipper CCDs: measuring the weak mixing angle
Authors: Fernandez-Moroni Guillermo , Machado Pedro A. N. , Martinez-Soler Ivan , Perez-Gonzalez Yuber F. , Rodrigues Dario , Rosauro-Alcaraz Salvador 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyze in detail the physics potential of an experiment like the one recently proposed by the vIOLETA collaboration: a kilogram-scale Skipper CCD detector deployed 12 meters away from a commercial nuclear reactor core. This experiment would be able to detect coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering from reactor neutrinos, capitalizing on the exceptionally low ionization energy threshold of Skipper CCDs. To estimate the physics reach, we elect the measurement of the weak mixing angle as a case study. We choose a realistic benchmark experimental setup and perform variations on this benchmark to understand the role of quenching factor and its systematic uncertainties, background rate and spectral shape, total exposure, and reactor antineutrino flux uncertainty. We take full advantage of the reactor flux measurement of the Daya Bay collaboration to perform a data driven analysis which is, up to a certain extent, independent of the theoretical un- certainties on the reactor antineutrino flux. We show that, under reasonable assumptions, this experimental setup may provide a competitive measurement of the weak mixing angle at few MeV scale with neutrino-nucleus scattering.
Condensates and anomaly cascade in vector-like theories
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study the bilinear and higher-order fermion condensates in 4-dimensional SU(N) gauge theories with a single Dirac fermion in a general representation. Augmented with a mixed anomaly between the 0-form discrete chiral, 1-form center, and 0-form baryon number symmetries (BC anomaly), we sort out theories that admit higher-order condensates and vanishing fermion bilinears. Then, the BC anomaly is utilized to prove, in the absence of a topological quantum field theory, that nonvanishing fermion bilinears are inevitable in infrared-gapped theories with 2-index (anti)symmetric fermions. We also contrast the BC anomaly with the 0-form anomalies and show that it is the former anomaly that determines the infrared physics; we argue that the BC anomaly lurks deep to the infrared while the 0-form anomalies are just variations of local terms. We provide evidence of this assertion by studying the BC anomaly in vector-like theories compactified on a small spacial circle. These theories are weakly-coupled, under analytical control, and they admit a dual description in terms of abelian photons that determine the deep infrared dynamics. We show that the dual photons talk directly to the 1-form center symmetry in order to match the BC anomaly, while the 0-form anomalies are variations of local terms and are matched by fiat. Finally, we study the fate of the BC anomaly in the compactified theories when they are held at a finite temperature. The effective field theory that describes the low-energy physics is 2-dimensional. We show that the BC anomaly cascades from 4 to 2 dimensions.
String theory and the arrow of time
Authors: Itzhaki Nissan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Time-like linear dilaton triggers, at the classical level, the creation of closed folded strings at an instant. We show that in cosmology these instant folded strings induce negative pressure at no energy cost. Hence they seem to allow an era in which the energy density increases (decreases) while the universe is expanding (contracting). This and other aspects of instant folded strings suggest that they might shed new light on the origin of the arrow of time.
Blunt popliteal artery injury following tibiofemoral trauma: vessel-first and bone-first strategy
Authors: Hundersmarck Dennis , Hietbrink Falco , Leenen Luke P. H. , De Borst Gert J. , Heng Marilyn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Blunt popliteal artery injury (BPAI) is a potentially limb-threatening sequela of tibiofemoral (knee) dislocations and fractures. Associated amputation rates for all popliteal artery (PA) injuries range between 10 and 50%. It is unclear whether PA repair or bone stabilization should be performed first. We analyzed (long-term) clinical outcomes of BPAI patients that received initial PA repair (vessel-first, VF) versus initial external stabilization (bone-first, BF).

Methods
Retrospectively, all surgically treated BPAI patients between January 2000 and January 2019, admitted to two level 1 trauma centers were included. Clinical outcomes were determined, stratified by initial management strategy (VF and BF). Treatment strategy was determined by surgeon preference, based on associated injuries and ischemia duration. Primary outcomes (amputation and mortality) and secondary outcomes (claudication and complications) were determined.

Results
Of 27 included BPAI patients, 15 were treated according to the VF strategy (56%) and 12 according to the BF strategy (44%). Occlusion was the most frequently encountered BPAI in 18/27 patients (67%). Total delay and in-hospital delay were comparable between groups (p = 1.00 and p = 0.82). Revascularization was most frequently performed by PA bypass (59%). All patients had primary limb salvage during admission (100%). One secondary amputation due to knee pain was performed in the BF group (4%). During a median clinical follow-up period of 2.7 years, three PA re-interventions were performed, two in the BF group and one in the VF group. None suffered from (intermittent) claudication.

Conclusion
Blunt popliteal artery injury (BPAI) is a rare surgical emergency. Long-term outcomes of early revascularization for BPAI appear to be good, independent of initial management strategy. The BF strategy may be preferred in case of severe orthopedic injury, if allowed by total ischemia duration.
Abnormalities in Tooth Formation after Early Bisphosphonate Treatment in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Malmgren Barbro , Thesleff Irma , Dahllöf Göran , Åström Eva , Tsilingaridis Georgios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTreatment with intravenous bisphosphonate (BP) in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) started in Sweden in 1991. No human studies on the role of BP therapy in development of disturbances in tooth mineralization or tooth morphology have been published. The study cohort comprised 219 individuals who were divided into four groups: group 1, BP treatment onset before 2 years of age (n = 22); group 2, BP treatment onset between 2 and 6 years of age (n = 20); group 3, BP treatment onset between 6 and 10 years of age (n = 13); and a control group of patients with OI who had not received BP therapy (n = 164). The chi-square test was used in between-group comparisons of the prevalence of tooth agenesis. The prevalence of tooth agenesis was significantly higher in children who began BP treatment before the age of 2 years (group 1; 59%,) compared to the controls (10%; p < 0.001) and to children who had begun BP therapy between ages 2 and 6 years (group 2; 10%; p = 0.009) or between ages 6 and 10 years (group 3; 8%; p = 0.003). Different types of disturbances in the enamel formation were seen in 52 premolars, where 51 were seen in those who began BP treatment before the age of 2 years. To conclude, starting BP treatment before the age of 2 years increases the risk of abnormalities in tooth formation manifesting as morphological aberrations, tooth agenesis, and enamel defects.