bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTXM-1, bla VEB, bla OXA-1) and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study
Authors: Abdelrahman Dina N. , Taha Aya A. , Dafaallah Mazar M. , Mohammed Alaa Abdelgafoor , El Hussein Abdel Rahim M. , Hashim Ahmed I. , Hamedelnil Yousif F. , Altayb Hisham N. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases genes frequency in Ps. aeruginosa in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: 121 Ps. aeruginosa clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross sectional study conducted in Khartoum State. Eighty isolates were confirmed as Ps. aeruginosa through conventional identification methods and species specific primers. The susceptibility pattern of the confirmed isolates to selected antibiotics was done following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of seven β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB, blaOXA-1, blaAmpC and blaDHA). Results: Of the 80 confirmed Ps. aeruginosa isolates, 8 (10%) were resistant to Imipenem while all isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav (100%). A total of 43 (54%) Ps. aeruginosa isolates were positive for blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB and blaOXA-1 genes, while 27 (34%) were positive for class C β- Lactamases, and 20 (25%) were positive for both classes. Frequency of beta-lactamases genes was as follows: blaTEM, 19 (44.2%); blaSHV, 16 (37.2%); bla CTX-M1, 10 (23.3%); blaVEB, 14 (32.6%); blaOXA-1, 7 (16.3%). blaAmpC 22 (81.5%) and bla DHA 8 (29.6%). In total, 3 (11.1%) isolates were positive for both bla AmpC and blaDHA genes. Conclusion: Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed a high rate of β- lactamases production, with co-resistance to other antibiotic classes. The lowest resistance rate of Ps. aeruginosa was to Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant relationship between production of β-lactamases in Ps. aeruginosa and resistance to third generation cephalosporins was found.
Efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of heart failure: protocol for a systematic review incorporating unpublished clinical study reports
Authors: Byrne David , Fahey Tom , Moriarty Frank 
Published: April 2021

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan is a first-in-class angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitor used to treat heart failure. The evidence for this novel medication is largely based on one pivotal phase III trial which was stopped early due to significant clinical benefits being shown. However potential limitations in trial design have been highlighted in recent literature, necessitating a thorough review of all evidence for sacubitril/valsartan. Methods: This review will be conducted using the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for sacubitril/valsartan will be systematically searched for in Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Toxline and Scopus. Clinical trials registries will be searched, as will eight grey literature databases. In addition, unpublished clinical study reports (CSRs) of relevant trials will be requested from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Clinical Study Data Request database. Studies will be included if they involve randomising adult patients with heart failure to either sacubitril/valsartan or usual care, with either an active comparator or placebo as a control. Heart failure of any subtype or NYHA class will be included. All relevant clinical and safety outcomes will be reviewed, particularly hospitalisation due to heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Two reviewers will assess eligibility of selected studies for inclusion. Data extraction will be performed separately for trial publications, clinical trial registries and for CSRs using a piloted form. Methodological quality of included trials from published sources will be assessed separately using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2). Narrative synthesis of included studies will be conducted and, if appropriate, meta-analysis for clinical efficacy and safety outcomes. Discussion: This review will collate all available RCT data on sacubitril/valsartan including published and unpublished sources in order to obtain a more complete picture of the evidence base for sacubitril/valsartan. Registration: This protocol is registered on PROSPERO (reference CRD42020162031).
Improving Quality of Long-Term Bond Price Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Verner Robert , Tkáč Michal , Tkáč Michal 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to propose nonlinear autoregressive neural network which can improve quality of bond price forecasting.
Methodology/Approach: Due to the complex nature of market information that influence bonds, artificial intelligence could be accurate, robust and fast choice of bond price prediction method.
Findings: Our results have reached a coefficient of determination higher than 95% in the training, validation and testing sets. Moreover, we proposed the nonlinear autoregressive network with external inputs using 50 year interest-rate swaps denominated in EUR and volatility index VIX as two external variables.
Research Limitation/Implication: Our sample of daily prices between 4th January 2016 and 13th January 2021 (totally 1,270 trading days) suggest that both Levenberg-Marquardt and Scaled conjugate gradient learning algorithms achieved excellent results.
Originality/Value of paper: Despite the fact that both learning algorithms achieved satisfying outcomes, implementation of an independent variable into the autoregressive neural network environment had no significant impact on prediction ability of the model.
Investigating infant development through an interprofessional research collaboration: case report
Authors: Devine Nancy , Gee Bryan M , Aubuchon-Endsley Nicki L , Brumley Michele R , Ramsdell Heather L , Swann-Thomsen Hillary E 
Published: April 2021

Background/aimsFrom a dynamic systems perspective of infant development, several systems (eg sensorimotor, perceptual, and reasoning, among others, may self-organise and change behavioural responses over time following experience. These changes in infant behaviour are often measured through the achievement of age-adjusted developmental milestones. However, the majority of research guiding the understanding of typical infant developmental trajectories rarely depicts collaborations across more than one or two disciplines. The purpose of this case report was to describe an interprofessional research collaboration among researchers and clinicians in clinical and experimental psychology, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, and physical therapy to establish methods and procedures that describe different developmental domains in infancy for a single participant.MethodsOne infant who was typically developing was video and audio recorded during 60 minutes of free play at ages 8, 12, and 16 months. Four research labs scored the middle 20 minutes of recorded time for infant and caregiver utterances, touch and motor behaviours, play participation and performance, co-occupation, and caregiver sensitivity to infant affect. The combined data from the four labs captured and revealed a rich description of the infant's development from 8 to 16 months of age.ResultsThe data for this single infant indicated that important developmental changes occurred leading to greater independence in communication, mobility and co-occupation, while reducing some of the requirements for attention from the caregiver.ConclusionsThe procedures used within research labs by principal investigators from four disciplines to describe development in a single infant between 8 and 16 months of age yielded a rich example of development, consistent with published milestones. Future studies with larger sample sizes using the interdisciplinary research methods applied in this case study may improve the understanding of, influences on, and relationships between, infant developmental trajectories.
Effects of including core strengthening exercise as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation programmes on people with lower-limb amputation: a pilot study
Authors: Mosteiro-Losada Sofía , Varela Silvia , García-García Oscar , Martínez-Lemos Iván , Ayán Carlos 
Published: April 2021

Background/aims Exercise can be a useful rehabilitation approach for people with lower-limb amputation. However, there is a lack of research in this regard. The aim of this study was to analyse functional mobility, walking speed, range of motion and quality of life changes experienced by people with lower-limb amputation after taking part in a comprehensive exercise programme that included core strengthening exercises. Methods This was a pilot study including six individuals who carried out a comprehensive exercise programme, which was performed once a week for 5 months. During the first 2 weeks, the participants attended 1-hour sessions that focused on the execution of diaphragmatic breathing and body scheme exercises. From the fourth week until the end of the intervention, the sessions were much longer, and included a warm-up phase, two circuit training workouts for core strength and balance, and a final stretching routine. Results Significant improvements were found in the participants' functional mobility (P=0.007) and walking speed (P=0.001). The exercise intervention did not have a significant impact on the participants' range of motion and quality of life. Conclusions In a group of people with lower-limb amputation, the performance of a comprehensive exercise programme that included core strengthening, was found to be beneficial for functional mobility and walking speed, although no significant effect was observed for range of motion and quality of life measures.
Realization of laser intensity over 1023  W/cm2
Authors: Yoon Jin Woo , Kim Yeong Gyu , Choi Il Woo , Sung Jae Hee , Lee Hwang Woon , Lee Seong Ku , Nam Chang Hee 
Published: April 2021

High-intensity lasers are critical for the exploration of strong field quantum electrodynamics. We report here a demonstration of laser intensity exceeding

1

0

23

W

/

c
m

2

with the CoReLS petawatt (PW) laser. After wavefront correction and tight focusing with a two-stage adaptive optical system and an f/1.1 (

f
=

300

m
m

) off-axis parabolic mirror, we obtained near diffraction-limited focusing with a spot size of 1.1 µm (FWHM). From the measurement of 80 consecutive laser shots at 0.1 Hz, we achieved a peak intensity of

(

1.1

±

0.2

)
×

1

0

23

W

/

c
m

2

, verifying the applicability of the ultrahigh intensity PW laser for ultrahigh intensity laser–matter interactions. From the statistical analysis of the PW laser shots, we identified that the intensity fluctuation originated from air turbulence in the laser beam path and beam pointing. Our achievement could accelerate the study of strong field quantum electrodynamics by enabling exploration of nonlinear Compton scattering and Breit–Wheeler pair production.
The inevitability of Covid-19 related distress among healthcare workers: Findings from a low caseload country under lockdown
Authors: Hawari Feras I. , Obeidat Nour A. , Dodin Yasmeen I. , Albtoosh Asma S. , Manasrah Rasha M. , Alaqeel Ibrahim O. , Mansour Asem H. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo characterize psychological distress and factors associated with distress in healthcare practitioners working during a stringent lockdown in a country (Jordan) that had exhibited one of the lowest incidence rates of Covid-19 globally at the time of the survey.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey sent to healthcare practitioners working in various hospitals and community pharmacies. Demographic, professional and psychological characteristics (distress using Kessler-6 questionnaire, anxiety, depression, burnout, sleep issues, exhaustion) were measured as were sources of fear. Descriptive and multivariable statistics were performed using level of distress as the outcome.ResultsWe surveyed 937 practitioners (56.1% females). Approximately 68%, 14%, and 18% were nurses/technicians, physicians, and pharmacists (respectively). 32% suffered from high distress while 20% suffered from severe distress. Exhaustion, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances were reported (in past seven days) by approximately 34%, 34%, 19%, and 29% of subjects (respectively). Being older or male, a positive perception of communications with peers, and being satisfied at work, were significantly associated with lower distress. Conversely, suffering burnout; reporting sleep-related functional problems; exhaustion; being a pharmacist (relative to a physician); working in a cancer center; harboring fear about virus spreading; fear that the virus threatened life; fear of alienation from family/friends; and fear of workload increases, were significantly associated with higher distress.ConclusionDespite low caseloads, Jordanian practitioners still experienced high levels of distress. Identified demographic, professional and psychological factors influencing distress should inform interventions to improve medical professionals’ resilience and distress likelihood, regardless of the variable Covid-19 situation.
Treatment outcome of tuberculosis at Dilla Referral Hospital, Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia: A retrospective study
Authors: Woldesemayat Endrias Markos , Azeze Zewtir 
Published: April 2021

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia. Determining treatment outcome of TB cases could help to understand the effectiveness of TB control efforts. The objective of this study was to assess TB treatment outcome and associated factors and determine the risk factors of death among TB cases who were on Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS).

Methodology
We analyzed a retrospective data for TB cases who were on DOTS at Dilla Referral Hospital from July 2011- June 2016. The study population was TB cases with known HIV status and whose treatment outcome was evaluated at the Hospital. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed using statistical package SPSS for windows, version 20.

Result
Out of 899 registered TB cases, 731 included in this analysis. Of these cases, 424 (58.0%) were male and 334 (45.7%) were in the age group of below 25 years. Treatment success rate of TB was 675 (92.3%) and death rate was 18 (2.5%). Treatment outcome showed statistically significant variation by HIV status (P < 0.001). HIV status of the TB cases and pretreatment weight were associated with TB treatment outcome. HIV status of the TB cases was associated with death of the TB cases (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 5.0; CI 95%: 1.8–13.5).

Conclusion
TB treatment success rate found in this study was high. Patient’s weight and HIV status were associated with treatment outcome. Moreover, HIV status predicted death of TB cases. Cautious treatment follow-up and defaulter tracing mechanisms for TB cases with these risk factors were suggested.
Chest pain presentations to hospital during the COVID-19 lockdown: Lessons for public health media campaigns
Authors: Ferry Amy V. , Keanie Collette , Denvir Martin A. , Mills Nicholas L. , Strachan Fiona E. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveEmergency Department (ED) attendances with chest pain reduced during the COVID-19 lockdown. We performed a service evaluation project in NHS Lothian to explore how and why the COVID-19 pandemic and public health advice had affected chest pain presentations and help-seeking behaviour at an individual patient level using a qualitative interview approach.MethodsWe carried out 28 semi-structured telephone interviews with a convenience sample of patients who presented with chest pain during lockdown and in patients with known coronary heart disease under the outpatient care of a cardiologist in April and May 2020. Interviews were audio recorded and voice files listened to while making detailed notes. Salient themes and issues were documented as verbatim extracts. Interviews were analysed thematically.ResultsPatient interviews revealed three main themes. 1) pandemic help-seeking behaviour; describing how participants made the decision to seek professional healthcare assessment. 2) COVID-19 exposure concerns; describing how the subthemes of perceived vulnerability, wishing to protect others and adding pressure to the health service shaped their decision making for an episode of acute chest pain. 3) hospital experience; describing the difference between the imagined and actual experience in hospital.ConclusionsQualitative interviews revealed how the pandemic shaped help-seeking practices, how patients interpreted their personal vulnerability to the virus, and described patient experience of attending hospital for assessment during this time. As patient numbers presenting to hospital appeared to mirror public health messaging, dynamic monitoring of this messaging should evaluate public response to healthcare campaigns to ensure the net impact on health, pandemic and non-pandemic related, is optimised.
PROPUESTA DE DIMENSIONES E INDICADORES PARA EVALUAR EL DESEMPEÃ‘O DE LOS DOCENTES DE LOS INSTITUTOS SUPERIORES PEDAGÓGICOS EN CUBA (ISP)
Authors: Gonzáles Juana M. Remedios , Aquino Orlando Fernández , Padilha Sandra Y. Brito Padilha Brito , Puentes Roberto Valdés 
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo consta de tres partes principales. La primera
se dedica a la fundamentación de la variable estudiada: Evaluación del desempeÃ±o profesional de los docentes, desde la perspectiva teórica del enfoque histórico-cultural, coherentemente integrada con los presupuestos dela calidad educativa. Ello ha permitido
construir el marco conceptual necesario para el desarrollo del
estudio. En la segunda parte se operacionaliza dicha variable en
tres dimensiones: I) modo de actuación en el cumplimiento de las funciones profesionales, II) características personales asociadas a la creatividad (motivación profesional, flexibilidad, originalidad, independencia cognoscitiva, responsabilidad laboral) y, III) la naturaleza de sus relaciones interpersonales (comunicación pedagógica). Almismo tiempo, se realiza un examen detallado de los indicadores que componen cada una de dichas dimensiones. En la tercera parte se expone una síntesis de los criterios evaluativos de la propuesta emitidos por importantes especialistas de la Educación Superior de Cuba. Los criterios de especialistas avalan la novedad, transferencia y valor metodológico del estudio.
Tradition and Innovation in Cataloguing Medieval Manuscripts
Authors: Da Rold Orietta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this essay, I offer a brief history of manuscript cataloguing and some observations on the innovations this practice introduced especially in the digital form. This history reveals that as the cataloguing of medieval manuscripts developed over time, so did the research needs it served. What was often considered traditional cataloguing practices had to be mediated to accommodate new scholarly advance, posing interesting questions, for example, on what new technologies can bring to this discussion. In the digital age, in particular, how do digital catalogues interact with their analogue counterparts? What skills and training are required of scholars interacting with this new technology? To this end, I will consider the importance of the digital environment to enable a more flexible approach to cataloguing. I will also discuss new insights into digital projects, especially the experience accrued by the The Production and Use of English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220 Project, and then propose that in the future cataloguing should be adaptable and shareable, and make full use of the different approaches to manuscripts generated by collaboration between scholars and librarians or the work of postgraduate students and early career researchers.
Advancing Chemistry Worldwide
Authors: García-Martínez Javier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As we come out of this pandemic, we must find the most effective and useful ways so that IUPAC fulfills its mission of contributing to the worldwide understanding and application of the chemical sciences to the betterment of humankind. New technologies provide us with the tools to achieve this goal in a very effective manner. For example, our next General Assembly, which will be held completely online, represents an unprecedented opportunity to engage with our NAOs in a way that will allow for discussing our most pressing needs in a new and effective way. We are already working on different options to have working groups meeting at different times in virtual rooms, so everybody can participate, raise any issues, and discuss how we can create a more effective, responsive, and agile organization. I encourage all delegates to our General Assembly to make full use of this opportunity. Also, I would like to invite the wider IUPAC community, including our members, Associated Organizations, Company Associates, and also our sister Chemical Societies, to let us know any ideas, things we must improve, or any opportunities for collaboration, so we can include them in our discussions during our next General Assembly.
Why school-related content knowledge for pre-service chemistry teachers should include basic concepts in organic chemistry
Authors: Hermanns Jolanda , Ermler Nico 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we describe and evaluate a study on the use of concepts in organic chemistry while solving tasks that are designed after the concept of school-related content knowledge (SRCK). The study was designed as a mixed methods study and conducted at a German university for the content of “organic chemistry”. As the results of this study show, the students rate the tasks and the use of anchoring concepts as for example “bonds” or “structure and function” as relevant for their future profession as a chemistry teacher. They therefore propose that concepts should be an integral part of their university studies as they find it lacking at the moment. Concepts can also be seen as an opportunity to build a bridge between school knowledge and university knowledge.
Assessment of the SWAT model in simulating watersheds in arid regions: Case study of the Yarmouk River Basin (Jordan)
Authors: Abu-Zreig Majed , Hani Lubna Bani 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate monthly runoff in the Yarmouk River Basin (YRB). The objectives were to assess the performance of this model in simulating the hydrological responses in arid watersheds then utilized to study the impact of YRB agricultural development project on transport of sediments in the YRB. Nine and three years of input data, namely from 2005 to 2013, were used to calibrate the model, whereas data from 2014 to 2015 were used for model validation. Time series plots as well as statistical measures, including the coefficient of determination (R
2) and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) that range between 0 to 1 and −∞ to 1, respectively, between observed and simulated monthly runoff values were used to verify the SWAT simulation capability for the YRB. The SWAT model satisfactorily predicted mean monthly runoff values in the calibration and validation periods, as indicated by R
2 = 0.95 and NSE = 0.96 and R
2 = 0.91 and NSE = 0.63, respectively. The study confirmed the positive impact of soil conservation measures implemented in the YRB development project and confirmed that contouring can reduce soil loss from 15 to 44% during the study period. This study showed that the SWAT model was capable of simulating hydrologic components in the drylands of Jordan.