bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cross-Education After 6 Weeks of Eccentric Single-Leg Decline Squats Performed With Different Execution Times: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Martínez Fernando , Abián Pablo , Jiménez Fernando , Abián-Vicén Javier 
Published: June 2021

Background: Cross-education of strength refers to the strength gain that is transferred to the contralateral limb after a unilateral training program. Hypothesis: Unilateral eccentric training using different muscle contraction times would improve the structural and functional properties of the untrained contralateral limb. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Thirty-six participants were randomized into a control group, experimental group 1 (EG6s; eccentric contraction runtime = 6 seconds) and experimental group 2 (EG3s; eccentric contraction runtime = 3 seconds). The thickness and elastographic index of the patellar tendon (PT), lean mass and fat percentage of the thigh, contractile properties of the vastus lateralis (VL), as well as isometric, concentric, and eccentric knee extensor peak torques, and eccentric single-leg decline squat (SLDSe) 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) were measured after 6 weeks of SLDSe training (3 times per week, 80% of 1-RM) and after 6 weeks of detraining in the untrained contralateral limb. Results: After training, there was an increase in lean thigh mass of the untrained limb in both groups: EG6s (0.17 ± 0.29 kg; P = 0.03; effect size [ES] = 0.15) and EG3s (0.15 ± 0.23 kg; P = 0.04; ES = 0.19). Likewise, both EG6s (62.30 ± 19.09 kg; P < 0.001; ES = 4.23) and EG3s (68.09 ± 27.49 kg; P < 0.001; ES = 3.40) increased their 1-RM, isometric (EG6s: 48.64 ± 44.82 N·m, P < 0.001, ES = 0.63; EG3s: 34.81 ± 47.30 N·m, P = 0.004, ES = 0.38), concentric at 60 deg/s and 180 deg/s and eccentric at 60 deg/s and 180 deg/s knee extensor peak torques ( P < 0.05) in the untrained limb. However, no differences were found in the contractile properties of the VL or in the thickness of the PT after eccentric training in either of the 2 experimental groups. Conclusion: Regardless of the runtime of the contraction, 6 weeks of SLSDe was effective for inducing structural and strength adaptations in the contralateral untrained limb. However, most of these adaptations were lost after 6 weeks of detraining. Clinical Relevance: Our study suggests that cross-education training can be of great importance for clinical application and musculoskeletal and neuromuscular rehabilitative processes after unilateral injury.
Factors associated with early reperfusion improvement after intra-arterial fibrinolytics as rescue for mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Kaesmacher Johannes , Peschi Giovanni , Abdullayev Nuran , Maamari Basel , Dobrocky Tomas , Vynckier Jan , Piechowiak Eike , Pop Raoul , Behme Daniel , Sporns Peter B , Styczen Hanna , Virtanen Pekka , Meyer Lukas , Meinel Thomas R , Cantré Daniel , Kabbasch Christoph , Maus Volker , Pekkola Johanna , Fischer Sebastian , Hasiu Anca , Schwarz Alexander , Wildgruber Moritz , Seiffge David J , Langner Sönke , Martinez-Majander Nicolas , Radbruch Alexander , Schlamann Marc , Mihoc Dan , Beaujeux Rémy , Strbian Daniel , Fiehler Jens , Mordasini Pasquale , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To identify factors associated with early angiographic reperfusion improvement (EARI) following intra-arterial fibrinolytics (IAF) after failed or incomplete mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Methods: A subset of patients treated with MT and IAF rescue after incomplete reperfusion included in the INFINITY (INtra-arterial FIbriNolytics In ThrombectomY) multicenter observational registry was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with EARI. Heterogeneity of the clinical effect of EARI on functional independence (defined as modified Rankin Score ≤2) was tested with interaction terms. Results: A total of 228 patients (median age: 72 years, 44.1% female) received IAF as rescue for failed or incomplete MT and had a post-fibrinolytic angiographic control run available (50.9% EARI). A cardioembolic stroke origin (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–10.0) and shorter groin puncture to IAF intervals (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.95 per 15-min delay) were associated with EARI, while pre-interventional thrombolysis showed no association (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 0.59–2.26). The clinical benefit of EARI after IAF seemed more pronounced in patients without or only minor early ischemic changes (Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) ≥9, aOR 4.00, 95% CI 1.37–11.61) and was absent in patients with moderate to severe ischemic changes (ASPECTS ≤8, aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.27–3.27, p for interaction: 0.095). Conclusion: Early rescue and a cardioembolic stroke origin were associated with more frequent EARI after IAF. The clinical effect of EARI seemed reduced in patients with already established infarcts. If confirmed, these findings can help to inform patient selection and inclusion criteria for randomized-controlled trials evaluating IAF as rescue after MT.
Azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19: a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Sivapalan Pradeesh , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Lapperre Therese Sophie , Bojesen Rasmus Dahlin , Eklöf Josefin , Browatzki Andrea , Wilcke Jon Torgny , Gottlieb Vibeke , Håkansson Kjell Erik Julius , Tidemandsen Casper , Tupper Oliver , Meteran Howraman , Bergsøe Christina , Brøndum Eva , Bødtger Uffe , Bech Rasmussen Daniel , Graff Jensen Sidse , Pedersen Lars , Jordan Alexander , Priemé Helene , Søborg Christian , Steffensen Ida E. , Høgsberg Dorthe , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Frydland Martin Steen , Lange Peter , Sverrild Asger , Ghanizada Muhzda , Knop Filip K. , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Lundgren Jens D. , Jensen Jens-Ulrik Stæhr 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCombining the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine induces airway immunomodulatory effects, with the latter also havingin vitroantiviral properties. This may improve outcomes in patients hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsPlacebo-controlled double-blind randomised multicentre trial. Patients aged ≥18 years, admitted to hospital for ≤48 h (not intensive care) with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription PCR test were recruited. The intervention was 500 mg daily azithromycin for 3 days followed by 250 mg daily azithromycin for 12 days combined with 200 mg twice-daily hydroxychloroquine for all 15 days. The control group received placebo/placebo. The primary outcome was days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (DAOH14).ResultsAfter randomisation of 117 patients, at the first planned interim analysis, the data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping enrolment due to futility, based on pre-specified criteria. Consequently, the trial was terminated on 1 February 2021. 61 patients received the combined intervention and 56 patients received placebo. In the intervention group, patients had a median (interquartile range) 9.0 (3–11) DAOH14versus9.0 (7–10) DAOH14 in the placebo group (p=0.90). The primary safety outcome, death from all causes on day 30, occurred for one patient in the intervention groupversustwo patients receiving placebo (p=0.52), and readmittance or death within 30 days occurred for nine patients in the intervention groupversussix patients receiving placebo (p=0.57).ConclusionsThe combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine did not improve survival or length of hospitalisation in patients with COVID-19.
The role of bronchoscopy in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Authors: Arenas-De Larriva Marisol , Mart�n-DeLeon Roberto , Urrutia Royo Blanca , Fern�ndez-Navamuel Iker , Gimenez Velando Andr�s , Nu�ez Garc�a Laura , Centeno Clemente Carmen , Andreo Garc�a Felipe , Rafecas Codern Albert , Fern�ndez-Arias Carmen , Pajares Ruiz Virginia , Torrego Fern�ndez Alfons , Rajas Olga , Iturricastillo Gorane , Garcia Lujan Ricardo , Comeche Casanova Lorena , S�nchez-Font Albert , Aguilar-Colindres Ricardo , Larrosa-Barrero Roberto , Garc�a Garc�a Ruth , Cordovilla Rosa , N��ez-Ares Ana , Briones-G�mez Andr�s , Cases Viedma Enrique , Franco Jos� , Cosano Povedano Javier , Rodr�guez-Per�lvarez Manuel Luis , Cebrian Gallardo Jose Joaquin , Nu�ez Delgado Manuel , Pav�n-Masa Mar�a , Valdivia Salas Maria del Mar , Flandes Javier 
Published: June 2021

Background
The role of bronchoscopy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a matter of debate.

Patients and methods
This observational multicentre study aimed to analyse the prognostic impact of bronchoscopic findings in a consecutive cohort of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Patients were enrolled at 17 hospitals from February to June 2020. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.

Results
A total of 1027 bronchoscopies were performed in 515 patients (age 61.5�11.2 years; 73% men), stratified into a clinical suspicion cohort (n=30) and a COVID-19 confirmed cohort (n=485). In the clinical suspicion cohort, the diagnostic yield was 36.7%. In the COVID-19 confirmed cohort, bronchoscopies were predominantly performed in the intensive care unit (n=961; 96.4%) and major indications were: difficult mechanical ventilation (43.7%), mucus plugs (39%) and persistence of radiological infiltrates (23.4%). 147 bronchoscopies were performed to rule out superinfection, and diagnostic yield was 42.9%. There were abnormalities in 91.6% of bronchoscopies, the most frequent being mucus secretions (82.4%), haematic secretions (17.7%), mucus plugs (17.6%), and diffuse mucosal hyperaemia (11.4%). The independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were: older age (OR 1.06; p<0.001), mucus plugs as indication for bronchoscopy (OR 1.60; p=0.041), absence of mucosal hyperaemia (OR 0.49; p=0.041) and the presence of haematic secretions (OR 1.79; p=0.032).

Conclusion
Bronchoscopy may be indicated in carefully selected patients with COVID-19 to rule out superinfection and solve complications related to mechanical ventilation. The presence of haematic secretions in the distal bronchial tract may be considered a poor prognostic feature in COVID-19.
Cruxome: a powerful tool for annotating, interpreting and reporting genetic variants
Authors: Han Qingmei , Yang Ying , Wu Shengyang , Liao Yingchun , Zhang Shuang , Liang Hongbin , Cram David S. , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an efficient tool used for identifying pathogenic variants that cause Mendelian disorders. However, the lack of bioinformatics training of researchers makes the interpretation of identified variants a challenge in terms of precision and efficiency. In addition, the non-standardized phenotypic description of human diseases also makes it difficult to establish an integrated analysis pathway for variant annotation and interpretation. Solutions to these bottlenecks are urgently needed.

Results
We develop a tool named “Cruxome” to automatically annotate and interpret single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (InDels). Our approach greatly simplifies the current burdensome task of clinical geneticists and scientists to identify the causative pathogenic variants and build personal knowledge reference bases. The integrated architecture of Cruxome offers key advantages such as an interactive and user-friendly interface and the assimilation of electronic health records of the patient. By combining a natural language processing algorithm, Cruxome can efficiently process the clinical description of diseases to HPO standardized vocabularies. By using machine learning, in silico predictive algorithms, integrated multiple databases and supplementary tools, Cruxome can automatically process SNVs and InDels variants (trio-family or proband-only cases) and clinical diagnosis records, then annotate, score, identify and interpret pathogenic variants to finally generate a standardized clinical report following American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/ Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. Cruxome also provides supplementary tools to examine and visualize the genes or variations in historical cases, which can help to better understand the genetic basis of the disease.

Conclusions
Cruxome is an efficient tool for annotation and interpretation of variations and dramatically reduces the workload for clinical geneticists and researchers to interpret NGS results, simplifying their decision-making processes. We present an online version of Cruxome, which is freely available to academics and clinical researchers. The site is accessible at http://114.251.61.49:10024/cruxome/.
Effects of S24–7 on the weight of progeny rats after exposure to ceftriaxone sodium during pregnancy
Authors: Yang Xin , Tang Ting , Wen Jing , Li Mengchun , Chen Jie , Li Tingyu , Dai Ying , Cheng Qian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntibiotic exposure during pregnancy will adversely affect the growth of offspring; however, this remains controversial and the mechanism is poorly understood. To study this phenomenon, we added ceftriaxone sodium to the drinking water of pregnant rats and continuously monitored the body weight of their offspring. The results showed that compared with the control group, the offspring exposed to antibiotics during pregnancy had a higher body weight up to 3 weeks old but had a lower body weight at 6 weeks old. To determine the role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the growth of offspring, we collected feces for sequencing and further established that the experimental group has a different composition ratio of dominant bacteria at 6 week old, among which S24–7 correlated negatively with body weight and the metabolites that correlated with body weight-related unique flora were L-Valine, L-Leucine, Glutaric acid, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate, and 5-Methylcytosine. To further explore how they affect the growth of offspring, we submitted these data to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes website for relevant pathway analysis. The results showed that compared with the control, the following metabolic pathways changed significantly: Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; Protein digestion and absorption; and Mineral absorption. Therefore, we believe that our findings support the conclusion that ceftriaxone sodium exposure in pregnancy has a long-lasting adverse effect on the growth of offspring because of an imbalance of gut microbiota, especially S24–7, via different metabolic pathways.
Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 in the kidneys of diabetic rats and the association with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
Authors: Yang Huayu , Chen Haiping , Liu Fenghua , Ma Qing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) can regulate extracellular matrix deposition in diabetic glomerular injury. However, it remains unknown whether MMP-9 is involved in the renal tubular injury. Meanwhile, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), defined as a biomarker of proximal tubular injury, may influence MMP-9 by forming the MMP-9/NGAL complex. The aim of this study was to investigate MMP-9 expression in proximal renal tubules and the relationship of MMP-9 and NGAL in diabetic rat model treated with Valsartan.

Methods
Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Diabetic group, Control group, and Treated group. The diabetic rat model was established by injection of streptozotocin. Related indexes were measured at the end of the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week post-modeling.

Results
In diabetic groups, the concentrations of MMP-9 markedly increased in the serum and urine of rats in the early stage, even before the appearance of pathological albuminuria. Markedly elevated MMP-9/NGAL complex concentrations were also tested in diabetic groups. Western blot and qPCR tests confirmed that MMP-9 expression levels in the proximal renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic rats were significantly higher than in control groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that MMP-9 was positively correlated with NGAL at both protein and gene expression levels. In addition, Valsartan observably reduced tubular injury as well as MMP-9 expression in diabetic rats.

Conclusions
In diabetic kidney injury, the expression of MMP-9 in the proximal renal tubular epithelial cells was significantly increased. Besides, a positive correlation was found between MMP-9 and NGAL expression, along with high levels of MMP-9/NGAL complex, which indicated that NGAL might participate in the regulation of MMP-9 expression. The administration of Valsartan may reduce this effect.
Tracking the dropout patients of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with locally advanced oral cavity cancer
Authors: Fu Jin-Ye , Zhang Chen-Ping , Zhang Zhi-Yuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with locally advanced oral cavity cancer sometimes stopped treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There are no guidelines of the management for these patients. Before designing clinical trials, we conducted this study to investigate their characteristics, reasons of dropout, and the follow-up information.

Methods
Medical records were consecutively reviewed of patients with locally advanced oral cavity cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019.Variables were compared between patients stopped treating after chemotherapy and completed treatments by student t-test and Chi-square test. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odd rations of potential predictors of dropout. The dropout patients were followed up for reasons and results of their decision.

Results
A total of 171 patients were included with 23 not undergoing surgery after chemotherapy. The odd ratios of age over 65 and single marital status were 3.11 (95%CI: 1.1, 8.7) and 4.935 (95%CI: 1.5, 16.1), respectively, for the dropout. The median survival of patients without surgery was 7.4 months. Believing that chemotherapy would be effective and being afraid of the consequence of surgery were the main reasons of refusing surgery.

Conclusions
The prognosis was poor of these dropout patients. Symptom relief and fear of surgery were the reasons of dropout. Age and marital status affected their decision. Clinical trials are needed to be designed for these patients.
Drain output volume after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a useful warning sign for postoperative complications
Authors: Fukui Taro , Noda Hiroshi , Watanabe Fumiaki , Kato Takaharu , Endo Yuhei , Aizawa Hidetoshi , Kakizawa Nao , Iseki Masahiro , Rikiyama Toshiki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The drain output volume (DOV) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is an easily assessable indicator in clinical settings. We explored the utility of the DOV as a possible warning sign of complications after PD.

Methods
A total of 404 patients undergoing PD were considered for inclusion. The predictability of the DOV for overall morbidity, major complications, intraabdominal infection (IAI), clinically relevant (CR) postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), CR delayed gastric emptying (DGE), CR chyle leak (CL), and CR post-pancreatectomy hemorrhaging (PPH) was evaluated.

Results
One hundred (24.8%) patients developed major complications, and 131 (32.4%) developed IAI. Regarding CR post-pancreatectomy complications, 75 (18.6%) patients developed CR-POPF, 23 (5.7%) developed CR-DGE, 20 (5.0%) developed CR-CL, and 28 (6.9%) developed CR-PPH. The median DOV on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD 3 was 266 and 234.5 ml, respectively. A low DOV on POD 1 was an independent predictor of CR-POPF, and a high DOV on POD 3 was an independent predictor of CR-CL. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that the DOV on POD 1 had a negative predictive value (area under the curve [AUC] 0.655, sensitivity 65.0%, specificity 65.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.587–0.724), with a calculated optimal cut-off value of 227 ml. An ROC analysis also revealed that the DOV on POD 3 had a positive predictive value (AUC 0.753, sensitivity 70.1%, specificity 75.0%, 95% CI: 0.651–0.856), with a calculated optimal cut-off value of 332 ml.

Conclusion
A low DOV on POD 1 might be a postoperative warning sign for CR-POPF, similar to high drain amylase (DA) on POD 1, high DA on POD 3, and high CRP on POD 3. When the DOV on POD 1 after PD was low, surgeons should evaluate the reasons of a low DOV. A high DOV on POD 3 was a postoperative warning sign CR-CL, and might require an appropriate management of protein loss.
Understanding female and male empowerment in Burkina Faso using the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI): a longitudinal study
Authors: Crookston Benjamin T. , West Josh H. , Davis Siena F. , Hall P. Cougar , Seymour Greg , Gray Bobbi L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment is a major global priority. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Building the Resilience of Vulnerable Communities in Burkina Faso (BRB) project, an agricultural development program, improved women’s empowerment, as measured by the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI).

Methods
This study used a longitudinal, quasi-experimental study design. Participants included both treatment and comparison groups (total N = 751) comprising female members of savings groups and their husbands or main male household member in Burkina Faso. All participants completed the pro-WEAI questionnaire at both baseline and endline. The treatment group received a comprehensive intervention package consisting of agriculture loans and services, microenterprise loans, and education, nutrition education, and women’s empowerment programs including gender-based discussions designed to facilitate personalized changes in gender relations.

Results
The proportion of the treatment group achieving empowerment did not change from baseline for women, but improved substantially for men. Women from the comparison group saw an increase in empowerment at endline while men saw a substantial decrease. Gender parity was high for women in both groups at baseline and increased slightly at endline. Women were more likely to have adequate empowerment in input in productive decisions, group membership, and membership in influential groups than men while men were more likely to have adequate empowerment in attitudes about domestic violence, control over use of income, and work balance than women. Participants from the treatment group reported an increase in the average number of empowerment indicators that they were adequate in while the comparison group saw a decrease in average adequacy over time (p = 0.002) after controlling for age, sex, and level of education.

Conclusion
Despite starting at an empowerment disadvantage, the treatment group experienced gains in individual indicators of empowerment while the comparison group men and women experienced mixed results, with the women gaining, and the men losing empowerment. This research suggests that the BRB intervention may have provided some protection for the treatment group when they faced an economic down-turn prior to the endline, indicative of household resilience. Future research should consider and strengthen relationships between resilience and empowerment.