bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student Primary Teachers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Biotechnology—Are They Prepared to Teach Biotechnological Literacy?
Authors: de la Hoz Marina Casanoves , Solé-Llussà Anna , Haro Juan , Gericke Niklas , Valls Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe speed of development of biotechnology within agriculture, industry, and medicine has changed our lives, and we need a biotechnological literacy to understand it. This implies that teachers in primary schools need to be biotechnologically literate in order to educate future generations. The aim of this study was to investigate Swedish pre-service primary school teachers’ knowledge of and attitudes towards biotechnology and contextualize the results by comparing them with a corresponding group of Spanish teachers. Data was collected using the established questionnaire instrument Biotech XXI and analyzed statistically. The findings demonstrate that Swedish pre-service primary school teachers have knowledge gaps relating to the basic genetic concepts that underpin biotechnology, although they are aware of biotechnological applications. Their attitudes are quite positive towards biotechnological applications in health, but less so to buying and using genetically modified products. Higher levels of knowledge were correlated with more positive attitudes, indicating an attitudinal basis for expanding the knowledge of and teaching practices for biotechnology among primary teachers. The level of knowledge and attitudes in the Swedish sample were similar to those of the Spanish teachers, suggesting a similar situation may be prevalent in many countries. The results indicate a need to reconsider the science curricula within pre-service primary school teacher training programs in order to better prepare primary teachers for teaching biotechnological literacy.
Kinematic Control of Manipulator with Remote Center of Motion Constraints Synthesised by a Simplified Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Li Zhan , Li Shuai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRedundancy manipulators need favorable redundancy resolution to obtain suitable control actions to guarantee accurate kinematic control. Among numerous kinematic control applications, some specific tasks such as minimally invasive manipulation/surgery require the distal link of a manipulator to translate along such fixed point. Such a point is known as remote center of motion (RCM) to constrain motion planning and kinematic control of manipulators. Recurrent neural network (RNN) which possesses parallel processing ability, is a powerful alternative and has achieved success in conventional redundancy resolution and kinematic control with physical constraints of joint limits. However, up to now, there still is few related works on the RNNs for redundancy resolution and kinematic control of manipulators with RCM constraints considered yet. In this paper, for the first time, an RNN-based approach with a simplified neural network architecture is proposed to solve the redundancy resolution issue with RCM constraints, with a new and general dynamic optimization formulation containing the RCM constraints investigated. Theoretical results analyze and convergence properties of the proposed simplified RNN for redundancy resolution of manipulators with RCM constraints. Simulation results further demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in end-effector path tracking control under RCM constraints based on a redundant manipulator.
Grammars of “Onlife” Identities: Educational Re-significations
Authors: Sánchez-Rojo Alberto , García del Dujo Ángel , Muñoz-Rodríguez José Manuel , Dacosta Arsenio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdentity has been widely understood in Western societies as a specular construction that operates simultaneously both from within and from outside oneself. However, this process is fiercely changing in a world in which almost every human action is mediated by information and communication technologies. This paper, from a theoretical perspective, aims to discover the main educational implications of this change. For that purpose, we first consider the traditional meaning and process of forming the self in Western culture. Afterwards, we identify and describe the mechanisms for the construction of the self in our current context, highlighting the fact that technologies, in themselves and regardless of the use we make of them, hide implications. Taking this into account, we show to what extent the current development of the self presents shades, conflicts and tangible risks from an educational perspective. We finally conclude that it is essential to promote an education on technology that goes beyond the use regulation in which, up to now, it has been solely focused on.
Investigation of the Interaction, Rheological and Tribological Properties of Bis(pinacolato)diboron with Lithium Grease
Authors: Ren J. , Gong K. L. , Zhao G. Q. , Wu X. H. , Wang X. B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, Lewis acid–base complex of lithium 12-hydroxystearate (LHS) with diboron compound is formed by the introduction of bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2Pin2) into lithium grease. The interaction between Lewis acid B2Pin2 and Lewis base RCO2− of LHS is characterized by various techniques. Moreover, the rheological and tribological behaviors of the base grease are evaluated at low and moderate temperature. The results indicate that the addition of B2Pin2 can noticeably enhance the rheological property of the base grease because the formation of Lewis acid–base complex is beneficial for improving the soap fiber structure strength, and B2Pin2 could also help reduce the friction and wear of the grease during the sliding process, which likely owing to the boundary lubrication film generated by B2Pin2 adsorption on the rubbing surface and tribochemical reaction between borate esters and steel surfaces. The improvement of mechanical stability and tribological properties is beneficial to increasing the grease service life.
Graphical Abstract
Development of a Protective Coating for Evaluating the Sub-surface Microstructure of a Worn Material
Authors: Nayak U. Pranav , Webel Johannes , Pesnel Valentin , Mücklich Frank , Guitar María Agustina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the current study, electrolytic deposition using two different electrodes, copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) was investigated with the aim of protecting the worn surface during mechanical sectioning and polishing, for a posterior examination of the sub-surface microstructure. The efficacies of the two coatings were visually assessed based on its adhesivity and the ability to protect the wear tracks of an as-cast 26% Cr high chromium cast iron (HCCI) alloy. It was observed that electrodeposition using Cu as the electrode was ineffective owing to a poor adhesivity of the coating on the HCCI surface. The coating had peeled off at several regions across the cross-section during the mechanical sectioning. On the other hand, Ni electroplating using Ni strike as the electrolyte was successfully able to protect the wear track, and the sub-surface characteristics of the wear track could be clearly visualized. A uniform coating thickness of about 8 µm was deposited after 30–40 min with the current density maintained between 1 and 5 A/dm2. The presence of the Ni coating also acted as a protective barrier preventing the ejection of the broken carbide fragments underneath the wear track.
Multi-robot task allocation problem with multiple nonlinear criteria using branch and bound and genetic algorithms
Authors: Martin J. G. , Frejo J. R. D. , García R. A. , Camacho E. F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper proposes the formulation of a single-task robot (ST), single-robot task (SR), time-extended assignment (TA), multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) problem with multiple, nonlinear criteria using discrete variables that drastically reduce the computation burden. Obtaining an allocation is addressed by a Branch and Bound (B&B) algorithm in low scale problems and by a genetic algorithm (GA) specifically developed for the proposed formulation in larger scale problems. The GA crossover and mutation strategies design ensure that the descendant allocations of each generation will maintain a certain level of feasibility, reducing greatly the range of possible descendants, and accelerating their convergence to a sub-optimal allocation. The proposed MRTA algorithms are simulated and analyzed in the context of a thermosolar power plant, for which the spatially distributed Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is estimated using a heterogeneous fleet composed of both aerial and ground unmanned vehicles. Three optimization criteria are simultaneously considered: distance traveled, time required to complete the task and energetic feasibility. Even though this paper uses a thermosolar power plant as a case study, the proposed algorithms can be applied to any MRTA problem that uses a multi-criteria and nonlinear cost function in an equivalent way. The performance and response of the proposed algorithms are compared for four different scenarios. The results show that the B&B algorithm can find the global optimal solution in a reasonable time for a case with four robots and six tasks. For larger problems, the genetic algorithm approaches the global optimal solution in much less computation time. Moreover, the trade-off between computation time and accuracy can be easily carried out by tuning the parameters of the genetic algorithm according to the available computational power.
How Local Interactions Impact the Dynamics of an Epidemic
Authors: Wren Lydia , Best Alex 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSusceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) models have long formed the basis for exploring epidemiological dynamics in a range of contexts, including infectious disease spread in human populations. Classic SIR models take a mean-field assumption, such that a susceptible individual has an equal chance of catching the disease from any infected individual in the population. In reality, spatial and social structure will drive most instances of disease transmission. Here we explore the impacts of including spatial structure in a simple SIR model. We combine an approximate mathematical model (using a pair approximation) and stochastic simulations to consider the impact of increasingly local interactions on the epidemic. Our key development is to allow not just extremes of ‘local’ (neighbour-to-neighbour) or ‘global’ (random) transmission, but all points in between. We find that even medium degrees of local interactions produce epidemics highly similar to those with entirely global interactions, and only once interactions are predominantly local do epidemics become substantially lower and later. We also show how intervention strategies to impose local interactions on a population must be introduced early if significant impacts are to be seen.
Nanostructuring of Nb-Si-Cr Alloys by Electron Beam Melting to Improve the Mechanical Properties and the Oxidation Behavior
Authors: Förner A. , Vollhüter J. , Hausmann D. , Arnold C. , Felfer P. , Neumeier S. , Göken M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Materials processed by additive manufacturing often exhibit a very fine-scaled microstructures due to high cooling rates in the process. In this study, single-layer surface electron beam melting is used to create very high cooling rates similar to additive manufacturing processes to investigate the resulting microstructure. In the case of Nb-Si-Cr in-situ composites, a nano-scaled eutectic microstructure is beneficial for improving the mechanical and oxidational properties. Fast solidification results in the formation of supersaturated phases of Nbss and Cr2Nb with phase diameters down to 10 nm as well as in the stabilization of the metastable Nb9(Cr,Si)5 phase at room temperature. After processing with different solidification rates, the decomposition of the Nb9(Cr,Si)5 phase has been studied in detail with atom probe microscopy. The stabilization of mixed silicide phases by electron beam melting shows a new pathway for improving hardness and enhancing oxidation resistance of nanostructured eutectic in-situ composites, by which the inherent weaknesses of Nb-Si-Cr can be overcome without further alloying elements.

Graphical Abstract
Statistical Shape and Appearance Models: Development Towards Improved Osteoporosis Care
Authors: Grassi Lorenzo , Väänänen Sami P. , Isaksson Hanna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Statistical models of shape and appearance have increased their popularity since the 1990s and are today highly prevalent in the field of medical image analysis. In this article, we review the recent literature about how statistical models have been applied in the context of osteoporosis and fracture risk estimation.

Recent Findings
Recent developments have increased their ability to accurately segment bones, as well as to perform 3D reconstruction and classify bone anatomies, all features of high interest in the field of osteoporosis and fragility fractures diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. An increasing number of studies used statistical models to estimate fracture risk in retrospective case-control cohorts, which is a promising step towards future clinical application.

Summary
All the reviewed application areas made considerable steps forward in the past 5–6 years. Heterogeneities in validation hinder a thorough comparison between the different methods and represent one of the future challenges to be addressed to reach clinical implementation.
Accessing Investigational Products Outside of a Trial: Considerations for Neuromuscular Providers
Authors: Bedlack R. S. , Cudkowicz M. E. , Paganoni S. , Khan-Tareen H. , Andrews J. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
People with fatal neuromuscular diseases such as ALS want to access investigational products. Trials are our preferred pathway for this, but most people with these diseases will not be able to participate due to restrictive inclusion criteria, travel burdens, or design features they will not accept. This leaves FDA Expanded Access Programs (EAPs), the Right To Try (RTT) pathway, and self-purchase of alternative and off-label treatments (AOTs).

Recent Findings
A recent survey highlighted physician barriers to the above pathways, including lack of knowledge and concerns about time burdens and risks. Emerging resources are highlighted that can mitigate some of these concerns.

Summary
With the information in this chapter, we hope that neuromuscular clinicians will feel more knowledgeable and confident in supporting patient request for investigational products.
Potential impact of additive manufacturing and topology optimization inspired lightweight design on vehicle track performance
Authors: Tschorn Jan A. , Fuchs Daniel , Vietor Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper describes an interactive approach for analyzing the impact of the enhanced design freedom in additive manufacturing (AM) combined with topology optimization. The main goal is to identify weight saving potentials on a holistic vehicle level and evaluate the influence on vehicle performance by means of lap time savings. Therefore lightweight use cases enabled by AM are gathered in a database. Projecting the weight reduction rates of this database to a sports car as reference vehicle by means of a weight list, CAD data and a part relation analysis leads to an overall weight saving potential. This analysis shows significant weight saving potentials for each technical section of an already lightweight design focused sports car, namely the Bugatti Chiron. The improvement in track performance considering the weight savings is put into perspective by means of lap time simulation on the Nürburgring Nordschleife and corroborate the identified weight saving potentials.
How to show empathy as a coach: The effects of coaches’ imagine-self versus imagine-other empathy on the client’s self-change and coaching outcome
Authors: Diller Sandra J. , Mühlberger Christina , Löhlau Nele , Jonas Eva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCognitive empathy, expressed as either imagine-self (imagining oneself in the other’s situation) or imagine-other (imagining the other person in his/her situation) empathy, is essential for self-change and satisfaction in coaching. In two studies, we investigated the difference between coaches’ imagine-self versus imagine-other empathy. In a survey study (N1 = 242), we found that the more important coaches perceived the client’s self-change, the more valuable they not only rated empathy in general but also imagine-other (but not imagine-self) empathy in particular. In an experimental study (N2 = 57), we manipulated the coaches’ imagine-self versus imagine-other empathy and examined the effect on the clients’ self-change and coaching satisfaction. The results revealed a positive effect of imagine-other (but not imagine-self) empathy on these coaching outcome factors. Thus, one main practical implication is the relevance of showing imagine-other instead of imagine-self empathy as a coach. However, future research should investigate other personnel development approaches like mentoring or training with regard to imagine-self versus imagine-other empathy.
A multipopulation evolutionary framework with Steffensen’s method for dynamic multiobjective optimization problems
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Cao Lei , Wang Zhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDynamic multiobjective optimization problems (DMOPs) require the evolutionary algorithms that can track the moving Pareto-optimal fronts efficiently. This paper presents a dynamic multiobjective evolutionary framework (DMOEF-MS), which adopts a novel multipopulation structure and Steffensen’s method to solve DMOPs. In DMOEF-MS, only one population deals with the original DMOP, while the others focus on single-objective problems that are generated by the weighted summation of the original DMOP. Then, Steffensen’s method is used to control the evolving process in two ways: prediction and diversity-maintenance. Particularly, the prediction strategy is devised to predict the next promising positions for the individuals that handle single-objective problems, and the diversity-maintenance strategy is used to increase population diversity before the environment changes and reinitialize the multiple populations after the environment changes. This paper gives a comprehensive comparison of DMOEF-MS with some state-of-the-art DMOEAs on 14 DMOPs and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
EvolveCluster: an evolutionary clustering algorithm for streaming data
Authors: Nordahl Christian , Boeva Veselka , Grahn Håkan , Persson Netz Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractData has become an integral part of our society in the past years, arriving faster and in larger quantities than before. Traditional clustering algorithms rely on the availability of entire datasets to model them correctly and efficiently. Such requirements are not possible in the data stream clustering scenario, where data arrives and needs to be analyzed continuously. This paper proposes a novel evolutionary clustering algorithm, entitled EvolveCluster, capable of modeling evolving data streams. We compare EvolveCluster against two other evolutionary clustering algorithms, PivotBiCluster and Split-Merge Evolutionary Clustering, by conducting experiments on three different datasets. Furthermore, we perform additional experiments on EvolveCluster to further evaluate its capabilities on clustering evolving data streams. Our results show that EvolveCluster manages to capture evolving data stream behaviors and adapts accordingly.
Inhibition of FOSL2 aggravates the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by promoting the formation of inflammasomes
Authors: Li Jie , Zhou Li , Jiang Hongye , Lin Lin , Li Yinguang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignancy among female patients and poses a serious threat to women’s health. Although it has been established that Fos-like antigen 2 (FOSL2) is linked to ovarian cancer (OC), its exact role in the development of OC remains unknown.

Objective
This article aims to investigate the role of FOSL2 in ovarian cancer development.

Methods
FOSL2 expression in ovarian carcinoma and adjacent tissues was assessed using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot. We constructed OE/sh-FOSL2 plasmids and Caspase-1 specific inhibitors (Yvad-CMK) and transfected A 2780 cells with them to identify the relevant cell functions. Furthermore, we used western blot assay to determine the changes in expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteine aspartate-specific proteasezymogen procaspase 1 (pro-caspase-1), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), interleukin-1β precursor (pro-IL-1β), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 precursor (pro-IL-18), and interleukin-18 (IL-18). In addition, we measured the concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, Tthe level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant was measured by LDH release assay kit.

Results
The expression of FOSL2 was significantly higher compared with the surrounding tissues. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of A2780 cells were enhanced after transfection with OE-FOSL2 plasmids; however, the cell apoptosis was significantly decreased. When FOSL2 was overexpressed, the inflammasome-associated proteins such as ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were downregulated. Furthermore, FOSL2 induced apoptosis and activated the production of inflammasomes in A2780 cells. Co-therapy with Yvad-CMK and substantially inhibited apoptosis and activation of inflammasomes.

Conclusions
Inhibition of FOSL2 promotes the apoptosis of OC cells by mediating the formation of an inflammasome.