bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationship between happiness and self-esteem with self-efficacy in the clinical performance of midwives working in medical centers and comprehensive health services
Authors: Mohebbi-Dehnavi Zahra , Noroozi Mahnaz 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Self-efficacy is one of the factors affecting correct performance, especially in emergency and stressful situations. The mental state of people can affect their performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between self-esteem and happiness with self-efficacy in the clinical practice of midwives working in medical centers and comprehensive health services in Isfahan city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was a quantitative correlational study that was carried out using a quota method on 200 midwives working in health centers and comprehensive health services in Isfahan in 2021–2022. The tools used in this research were happiness, self-esteem, and self-efficacy questionnaires in clinical practice. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.

RESULTS:
The results showed that the average clinical performance self-efficacy score in midwives was 24.15 ± 109.02, the average happiness score was 14.95 ± 65.32, and the average self-esteem score was 24.40 ± 1.52. There is a significant relationship between the overall clinical performance self-efficacy score and both variables of happiness (P = 0.001, r = 0.03) and self-esteem (P = 0.04, r = 0.091).

CONCLUSION:
According to the results of this study, paying attention to the happiness and self-esteem of midwives and promoting them can improve their efficiency and performance and ultimately improve the health of mothers and babies and then the society.
Assessment of oral health status among occupational chefs and pantry workers in Hyderabad city
Authors: Kumar Velthuru Srujan , Patanapu Siva Kumar , Sreeja Chilukuri Sai , Kyasanoor Shiva Prasad , Veeraboina Nagarani , Nanamadri Nitya Krishna 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
The chefs and pantry workers environment plays a crucial role in the general and oral health. These workers have some unusual work timings and have a lot of stress and anxiety, and they also consume tobacco, alcohol, and smoke the cigarettes, which has a greater impact on oral health.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A total of 86 kitchen workers (53 chefs and 33 pantry workers) of ten well-known restaurants in Hyderabad city were included. In clinical oral examination, oral hygiene status was assessed using Simplified-Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) along with demographic details. Dentition status, periodontal condition, and loss of attachment (LOA) according to WHO criteria 2013. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS) package version 21.0. Statistically significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
Age-wise comparison of mean OHI-S scores among chefs and pantry workers reported that all age groups among chefs had significantly higher mean scores compared to workers (P = 0.0001*) for the same age group. When periodontal health status of the study population was considered, chefs of all age groups reported a poor periodontal health with significantly high LOA scores compared to workers except for the age group 25–35 years (P = 0.0001*). Both males and females in the chef group had significantly higher scores for all the oral parameters compared to workers (OHI-S, DMFT, gingival status, periodontitis, and LOA) (P = 0.0001*).

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study show that kitchen workers (chefs and pantry workers) in the community do suffer from various oral health problems such as dental caries and periodontal problems.
Assessment of the relationship between ethical reasoning and conflict management style among nurses
Authors: Dehbanizadeh Abolfazl , Mirzaee Mohammadsaeed , Roustaei Narges 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Clarifying the relationship between ethical reasoning and conflict management style among nurses contributes to improving ethical performance and reducing conflicts. This study aimed to determine the correlation between ethical reasoning and conflict management style among Iranian nurses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted on 196 employed nurses in clinical departments of hospitals in Yasuj City in 2022. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using the Nursing Ethical Dilemmas Test and the Conflict Management Style questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.

RESULTS:
Nurses predominantly utilized a collaborative conflict management style. The mean and standard deviation of ethical reasoning among nurses were reported as 43.90 ± 8.51. There was a significant positive correlation (P value ≤0.001, r = 0.79) between ethical reasoning and the total score of conflict management styles. Ethical reasoning significantly predicted nurses’ conflict management style (β =0.21, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study demonstrated that ethical reasoning predicts conflict management styles among nurses. It is recommended to utilize the findings of this study to enhance the managerial performance of nurses by promoting ethical reasoning and developing educational, research, and managerial guidelines. It is also suggested that the findings of this study be used to consider management and performance solutions to solve the gaps and ethical problems in clinical nurses.
Student perspectives of equity, diversity, and inclusion in the curriculum of a UK medical school—A mixed-methods study
Authors: Heidari Amirmohammad , Joshi Shravani , Ahmed Mohamed H. , Mahmoud Ibrahim , O’Dowd Jacqueline , Selway Joanne , Phillips Oladipo , Taha Mohamed H. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Equity, inclusion, and diversity in medical education are increasingly recognized as crucial for enhancing student engagement and improving health outcomes. This paper aims to analyze trends and assess student attitudes toward ethnic equity, inclusion, and diversity within campus-based modules at the University of Buckingham Medical School, UK.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving 97 medical students aged 18–24 years (86.6%) between 2021 and 2023. Quantitative data were gathered through a pretested questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). Qualitative insights were obtained from five focus group sessions with randomly selected medical students and analyzed thematically.

RESULTS:
The findings of this study indicated a significant proportion of Asian descent students (56.7%). First-year and White ethnicity students perceived the curriculum as more representative compared to second-year counterparts and peers from other ethnic backgrounds. Notably, first-year students showed a heightened understanding of social science terms, especially “ethnicity,” and 67% of female students demonstrated a deeper comprehension of sociocultural factors influencing health behaviors. Across demographics, there was consistent recognition of these factors impacting patient care. Qualitative findings underscored the importance of representation in medical education, biases in recruitment, and advocated for greater faculty diversity. Additionally, there is a need for a curriculum reflecting diverse dietary habits and including role models from various ethnic backgrounds.

CONCLUSION:
This study emphasizes the critical need for curricular reform in medical education to prepare students for a multicultural society. Addressing disparities in curriculum representation and promoting diversity within faculties are essential for equipping future healthcare professionals with the skills to provide culturally competent care and navigate diverse patient populations effectively.
Obstetric danger signs in context: A mixed methods study exploring knowledge and sociocultural factors among pregnant women
Authors: Bhavana B M , Yogesh M , Padhiyar Navneet , Damor Naresh 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Maternal morbidity and mortality persist due to delays in seeking care for obstetric complications. Deficits in comprehending danger signs contribute to preventing early identification. There is limited research on awareness levels among rural Indian women. The present study aimed to assess knowledge of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women in rural Gujarat and explore associated sociodemographic and obstetric history factors. Qualitative methods further elucidated experiences, attitudes, and perceptions underlying maternal health literacy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A mixed-methods study was conducted among 390 antenatal women selected through multistage sampling from six community health centers in Jamnagar district. A structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed with regression modeling, and qualitative data were thematically analyzed.

RESULTS:
Out of 490, the majority correctly identified pregnancy bleeding (73.3%, n = 361), leakage of fluid (71%, n = 347), and swelling (74.3%, n = 364) as danger signs. About 56.5%, n = 277, had good knowledge of danger signs. Knowledge was significantly higher among women aged >25 years (aOR 3.11, 95% CI 2.02–4.7), literate women (aOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.12–4.08), and those counseled during ANC (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.1) and PNC (aOR 4.4, 95% CI 1.8–10.7). Qualitative findings revealed gaps in recall, poor comprehension of symptoms, and sociocultural barriers to care-seeking.

CONCLUSION:
Despite interfacing with health services, awareness of obstetric danger signs was incomplete among rural antenatal women. Tailored education through enhanced counseling and family-centered care can improve maternal health literacy.
Determine the psychosocial well-being of elderly residents living in old-age homes
Authors: Jabade Mangesh , Joshi Sonopant 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Old-age homes provide crucial care for elderly individuals facing physical, mental, or social challenges. Ensuring their psychosocial well-being is vital for fulfilling life. This study addresses the gap in the literature by comprehensively assessing factors like anxiety, feeling of security, and desire for longevity aiming to inform interventions for better support systems in old-age homes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Methodologically, a cross-sectional design was employed involving 100 elder populations in Pune City, Maharashtra. The time taken to conduct the study was 1 month. Data was collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tools. Interviews were conducted personally, with assistance from caretakers, maintained confidentiality, and addressed social gerontological considerations.

RESULT:
The study findings revealed that the majority of male participants (78%) expressed a desire for a longer and healthier life, while a smaller percentage (22%) showed no interest in longevity. Among females, (85%) expressed a wish for an extended life with improved mental and physical health, while (15%) expressed no such desire. However, the correlation between anxiety and feelings of security did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, these findings emphasize the significance of seeing individual preferences in conniving interventions aimed at promoting psychosocial well-being in such settings. Furthermore, the lack of statistically significant correlation between anxiety and feelings of security suggests the complexity of factors influencing the mental and emotional states of elderly individuals in institutional care.
Association of Physical Activity and Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms in Young Women of Ahmedabad
Authors: Sevak Aashvi Hemanbhai , Sheth Megha Sandeep 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, usually declining shortly after the onset of menstruation.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of PMS and analyze its association with physical activity levels among women aged 18-35 in Ahmedabad city.

Material and Methods:
An observational study was conducted involving 235 participants selected through convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria included women aged 18-35 years who were proficient in English, while exclusion criteria included smoking, alcohol abuse, athletic involvement, pregnancy or breastfeeding, and recent abortion or miscarriage. Data collection was conducted using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) to assess premenstrual symptoms and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) to measure physical activity levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, with a significance level set at 5%.

Results:
The average age of participants was 21.73 ± 3.57 years. The study found that 68.5% of participants met the criteria for having PMS based on the PMSS. The most reported symptoms included mood swings, abdominal cramps, food cravings, irritability, skin changes, crying spells, and aggression. Regarding physical activity, 43% of participants had low levels. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a weak but statistically significant positive association (r = 0.180, P = 0.006) between the severity of PMS symptoms and physical activity levels.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of PMS among participants was 68.5%. A weak association was found between PMS symptoms and physical activity levels among women in Ahmedabad.
Correlation of Smartphone Addiction with Sleep Quality and Attention in College Students of Ahmedabad
Authors: Deshmukh Aditi Kiran , Sheth Megha 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Mobile phone usage has become essential, especially among students to the extent of addiction and poor sleep quality. Inadequate sleep can affect cognitive performance and increase cardiovascular risk.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to find relation of smartphone use with sleep quality and attention in college students.

Material and Methods:
Observational study was conducted among college-going students aged 18–27 years from Ahmedabad by convenience and snowball sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire using Google Docs/paper copies. Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) for smartphone addiction, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for quality of sleep, and Attentional Control Scale (ACS) for attention were used. The level of significance was kept at 5%.

Results:
A total of 321 participants completed the study - 91 males and 230 females with mean age 21.27 ± 2.46 years. Mean scores for SAS-SV (28.9 ± 10.7), PSQI (5.50 ± 4.5), and ACS (51.7 ± 11.5) were seen. Correlation was found using Spearman’s correlation for SAS-SV with PSQI r = 0.28, P = 0.001 and SAS-SV with ACS r = −0.22, P = 0.001.

Conclusions:
College students were found to be at risk of addiction to their smartphones with affected sleep quality and attention. There is a weak, statistically significant correlation between smartphone addiction and sleep and attention.
Restrained Eating Behavior in Free Living Adults: A Study in Delhi, India
Authors: Yusuf Ifra , Mathur Pulkit , Bakshi Neha 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Understanding the diverse factors for restricting foods is crucial, as it impacts the food choices and ultimately nutritional well-being.

Objective:
This study assessed the determinants of restrained eating behaviour among adults, exploring if fear/aversion was the reason for restraint.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 161 respondents aged 20–50 years who were active on social media platforms were recruited using snowball sampling. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported height and weight. Standardized tools were used to analyze the cognitive restraint and food phobia using an online survey form.

Results:
Data showed higher restrained eating scores among 45% of the respondents. About 19% of the respondents were overweight and 36% were obese. There was a significant positive correlation of restrained eating with BMI. Females had significantly higher fear/aversion toward refined wheat flour products, fats, fried foods, bakery foods, sugar, and its products than males. Males had significantly higher fear/aversion for meat than females due to increased risk of infection. The number of restrained food items and level of fear significantly increased with age among males and females (P < 0.05). The major reasons identified for restraint eating were weight management, traditions/beliefs/customs, health concerns, and indigestion.

Conclusion:
Restraint eating and food aversions were significantly influenced by factors such as age, gender, BMI, with key motivation being weight management, cultural beliefs, and health concerns.
Atypical jaw swelling in children: An unusual clinical spectrum of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Sithara K , Balan Usha , Mohammed PK Rajeesh , Stanly Akhila S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), also called histiocytosis X or eosinophilic granuloma, is a local or systemic unusual clonal proliferative disorder of Langerhans cells. It has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and can occur in any age group with predominance in children and young adults. This article presents a rare case of LCH in a 2-year-old girl child which was provisionally diagnosed as an infection of the jaw bone of unknown etiology. Correlating the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features with immunohistochemical analysis aided in arriving at a definitive diagnosis of LCH. Oral manifestations being the earliest presentation seen in around 5%–75% of LCH cases emphasize the role of a dentist in the early detection of this lesion. A myriad of clinical spectra due to pathologic infiltration of Langerhans cells into various systems necessitates oral diagnosis to be followed by a full body scan to detect any systemic involvement. Advanced targeted therapies can improve the survival rate and quality of life in patients with LCH.
A Morphometric Study of the Proximal End of the Tibia in North Karnataka Population – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shiraganve Mahadev S , Virupaxi Rajendrakumar D , Pattanshetti Sheetal V , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Arer Arjun R 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The upper end of the tibia is beneficial for surgeons and biotechnologists. It is additionally used by interventional rheumatologists in implanting for osteonecrosis of medial or lateral tibial plateaus, which may facilitate the orthopedicians in choosing knee prostheses. This is used for total knee arthroplasty and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. It also gives better results after surgery in early mobility of patients as well as lessens postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 100 fully ossified dry adult tibia (50 right and 50 left). All the parameters of various parts of the upper end of the dry tibia were recorded using a digital vernier caliper and measuring tape. The mean values of all the parameters were recorded and compared between the right and left sides.

Results:
The average maximum width of transverse diameter of tibial condyles on both sides was 62.78 mm. The average maximum length of the anteroposterior diameter of the intercondylar region on both sides was 42.12 mm. The average maximum length between the upper end of the tibia to the lower end of the tibial tuberosity on both sides was 25.74 mm. The average maximum length of the circumference of the upper end of the tibia on both sides was 18.77 cm. The average maximum length of the anteroposterior diameter of the medial condyle on both sides was 26.65 mm and the average maximum anteroposterior diameter of the lateral condyle on both sides was 27.40 mm.

Conclusion:
The present study will be helpful for anatomists, forensic experts, orthopedic surgeons, and prosthetists for research and designing prostheses and for medicolegal investigations. This is also helpful to construct suitable prostheses and operating patients with fractures at the upper end of the tibia.
Prevalence of Cerebral Visual Impairment in Children of Health-care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Questionnaire-based, Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Smitha K. S. , Bhutani Mehak , Prasad Vatsala , Samvedya V. , Khanagavi Bhagyajyothi B. , Warad Chethana 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To estimate the prevalence of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) among children of the health-care workers in our hospital.

Methodology:
The questionnaire having 25 questions was used to screen all the participants. Participants who answered yes to <5 characteristics were categorized as no risk for CVI, those answering yes to 5–10 characteristics as low risk for CVI, and children answering yes to more than 10 as high risk for CVI. We also evaluated the high-risk red flag characteristics in the form of 5 questions adapted from Dutton’s five-point questionnaire which indicates early features of CVI.

Results:
Twenty-four percent of the children were diagnosed to have characteristics suggestive of CVI. Eighty-one percent of these children were diagnosed to have low-risk CVI and 19% had high-risk CVI. A total of 6 (5.56%) children demonstrated at least three of the five red flag characteristics of Dutton and were confirmed to have CVI.

Conclusion:
There is a need for planning of future strategies about increasing awareness regarding CVI among health-care workers in India for early diagnosis and treatment.
Management of Various Cases for Implant Placement by Using Osseodensification Protocol
Authors: Almagbol Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, implant treatment has become a popular option and is frequently preferred by patients and doctors. Initial implant stabilization is a vital element for implant-osseointegration and long-term implant success. Salah Huwais conceptualized the osseodensification technique for dental implant placement. Compared to conventional implant osteotomy practices, osseodensification allows a nonsubtractive osteotomy preparation. Specially designed burs are used in a noncutting counterclockwise direction to preserve and condense bone. The present case series aims to explain the implementation of osseodensification for dental implant insertion in the thin bony alveolar process, internal closed sinus elevation with implant placement, and immediate implant insertion in the extraction socket. Three different case reports have been discussed in detail where the osseodensification technique was used with specially designed Densah™ Bur to prepare the osteotomy and simultaneous implant placement. The study also focuses on the technique’s advantages, disadvantages, and indications, as existing in the relevant literature, along with evidence. Osseodensification is a unique procedure that prepares implant sites while conserving the alveolar bone. In the present report of three cases, satisfactory primary stability of implants with conservation of alveolus integrity was accomplished, which resulted in a shorter restoration interval for prosthetic rehabilitation.