bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven decentralized breeding increases prediction accuracy in a challenging crop production environment
Authors: de Sousa Kauê , van Etten Jacob , Poland Jesse , Fadda Carlo , Jannink Jean-Luc , Kidane Yosef Gebrehawaryat , Lakew Basazen Fantahun , Mengistu Dejene Kassahun , Pè Mario Enrico , Solberg Svein Øivind , Dell’Acqua Matteo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrop breeding must embrace the broad diversity of smallholder agricultural systems to ensure food security to the hundreds of millions of people living in challenging production environments. This need can be addressed by combining genomics, farmers’ knowledge, and environmental analysis into a data-driven decentralized approach (3D-breeding). We tested this idea as a proof-of-concept by comparing a durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.) decentralized trial distributed as incomplete blocks in 1,165 farmer-managed fields across the Ethiopian highlands with a benchmark representing genomic prediction applied to conventional breeding. We found that 3D-breeding could double the prediction accuracy of the benchmark. 3D-breeding could identify genotypes with enhanced local adaptation providing superior productive performance across seasons. We propose this decentralized approach to leverage the diversity in farmer fields and complement conventional plant breeding to enhance local adaptation in challenging crop production environments.
The development and structure of the mesentery
Authors: Byrnes Kevin G. , Walsh Dara , Walsh Leon G. , Coffey Domhnall M. , Ullah Muhammad F. , Mirapeix Rosa , Hikspoors Jill , Lamers Wouter , Wu Yi , Zhang Xiao-Qin , Zhang Shao-Xiang , Brama Pieter , Dunne Colum P. , O’Brien Ian S. , Peirce Colin B. , Shelly Martin J. , Scanlon Tim G. , Luther Mary E. , Brady Hugh D. , Dockery Peter , McDermott Kieran W. , Coffey J. Calvin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe position of abdominal organs, and mechanisms by which these are centrally connected, are currently described in peritoneal terms. As part of the peritoneal model of abdominal anatomy, there are multiple mesenteries. Recent findings point to an alternative model in which digestive organs are connected to a single mesentery. Given that direct evidence of this is currently lacking, we investigated the development and shape of the entire mesentery. Here we confirm that, within the abdomen, there is one mesentery in which all abdominal digestive organs develop and remain connected to. We show that all abdominopelvic organs are organised into two, discrete anatomical domains, the mesenteric and non-mesenteric domain. A similar organisation occurs across a range of animal species. The findings clarify the anatomical foundation of the abdomen; at the foundation level, the abdomen comprises a visceral (i.e. mesenteric) and somatic (i.e. musculoskeletal) frame. The organisation at that level is a fundamental order that explains the positional anatomy of all abdominopelvic organs, vasculature and peritoneum. Collectively, the findings provide a novel start point from which to systemically characterise the abdomen and its contents.
Consistent tumorigenesis with self-assembled hydrogels enables high-powered murine cancer studies
Authors: Grosskopf Abigail K. , Correa Santiago , Baillet Julie , Maikawa Caitlin L. , Gale Emily C. , Brown Ryanne A. , Appel Eric A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreclinical cancer research is heavily dependent on allograft and xenograft models, but current approaches to tumor inoculation yield inconsistent tumor formation and growth, ultimately wasting valuable resources (e.g., animals, time, and money) and limiting experimental progress. Here we demonstrate a method for tumor inoculation using self-assembled hydrogels to reliably generate tumors with low variance in growth. The observed reduction in model variance enables smaller animal cohorts, improved effect observation and higher powered studies.
Species diversity and food web structure jointly shape natural biological control in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Bing , Zhu Yulin , Wyckhuys Kris A. G. , van der Werf Wopke , Lu Yanhui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLand-use change and agricultural intensification concurrently impact natural enemy (e.g., parasitoid) communities and their associated ecosystem services (ESs), i.e., biological pest control. However, the extent to which (on-farm) parasitoid diversity and food webs mediate landscape-level influences on biological control remains poorly understood. Here, drawing upon a 3-year study of quantitative parasitoid-hyperparasitoid trophic networks from 25 different agro-landscapes, we assess the cascading effects of landscape composition, species diversity and trophic network structure on ecosystem functionality (i.e., parasitism, hyperparasitism). Path analysis further reveals cascaded effects leading to biological control of a resident crop pest, i.e.,Aphis gossypii. Functionality is dictated by (hyper)parasitoid diversity, with its effects modulated by food web generality and vulnerability. Non-crop habitat cover directly benefits biological control, whereas secondary crop cover indirectly lowers hyperparasitism. Our work underscores a need to simultaneously account for on-farm biodiversity and trophic interactions when investigating ESs within dynamic agro-landscapes.
The endosomal Q-SNARE, Syntaxin 7, defines a rapidly replenishing synaptic vesicle recycling pool in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Mori Yasunori , Takenaka Koh-ichiro , Fukazawa Yugo , Takamori Shigeo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUpon the arrival of repetitive stimulation at the presynaptic terminals of neurons, replenishment of readily releasable synaptic vesicles (SVs) with vesicles in the recycling pool is important for sustained neurotransmitter release. Kinetics of replenishment and the available pool size define synaptic performance. However, whether all SVs in the recycling pool are recruited for release with equal probability and speed is unknown. Here, based on comprehensive optical imaging of various presynaptic endosomal SNARE proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons, all of which are implicated in organellar membrane fusion in non-neuronal cells, we show that part of the recycling pool bearing the endosomal Q-SNARE, syntaxin 7 (Stx7), is preferentially mobilized for release during high-frequency repetitive stimulation. Recruitment of the SV pool marked with an Stx7-reporter requires actin polymerization, as well as activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin signaling pathway, reminiscent of rapidly replenishing SVs characterized previously in calyx of Held synapses. Furthermore, disruption of Stx7 function by overexpressing its N-terminal domain selectively abolished this pool. Thus, our data indicate that endosomal membrane fusion involving Stx7 forms rapidly replenishing vesicles essential for synaptic responses to high-frequency repetitive stimulation, and also highlight functional diversities of endosomal SNAREs in generating distinct exocytic vesicles in the presynaptic terminals.
Specific phenotypic, genomic, and fitness evolutionary trajectories toward streptomycin resistance induced by pesticide co-stressors in Escherichia coli
Authors: Xing Yue , Kang Xiaoxi , Zhang Siwei , Men Yujie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To explore how co-occurring non-antibiotic environmental stressors affect evolutionary trajectories toward antibiotic resistance, we exposed susceptible Escherichia coli K-12 populations to environmentally relevant levels of pesticides and streptomycin for 500 generations. The coexposure substantially changed the phenotypic, genotypic, and fitness evolutionary trajectories, resulting in much stronger streptomycin resistance (&gt;15-fold increase) of the populations. Antibiotic target modification mutations in rpsL and rsmG, which emerged and dominated at late stages of evolution, conferred the strong resistance even with less than 1% abundance, while the off-target mutations in nuoG, nuoL, glnE, and yaiW dominated at early stages only led to mild resistance (2.5–6-fold increase). Moreover, the strongly resistant mutants exhibited lower fitness costs even without the selective pressure and had lower minimal selection concentrations than the mildly resistant ones. Removal of the selective pressure did not reverse the strong resistance of coexposed populations at a later evolutionary stage. The findings suggest higher risks of the selection and propagation of strong antibiotic resistance in environments potentially impacted by antibiotics and pesticides.
N-Butylpyrrolidone (NBP) as a non-toxic substitute for NMP in iron-catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling of aryl chlorides
Authors: Bisz Elwira , Koston Martina , Szostak Michal 
Published: August 2021

Although iron catalyzed cross-couplings show extraordinary promise in reducing the environmental impact of more toxic metals, one of the main challenges is the use of reprotoxic NMP (NMP = N-methylpyrrolidone) as the key ligand.
An Exploration of Lung Volume Effects on Swallowing in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Drulia Teresa C. , Kamarunas Erin , O'Donoghue Cynthia , Ludlow Christy L. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) limits respiration, which may negatively impact airway safety during swallowing. It is unknown how differences in lung volume in COPD may alter swallowing physiology. This exploratory study aimed to determine how changes in lung volume impact swallow duration and coordination in persons with stable state COPD compared with older healthy volunteers (OHVs).MethodVolunteers ≥ 45 years with COPD (VwCOPDs;n= 9) and OHVs (n= 10) were prospectively recruited. Group and within-participant differences were examined when swallowing at different respiratory volumes: resting expiratory level (REL), tidal volume (TV), and total lung capacity (TLC). Participants swallowed self-administered 20-ml water boluses by medicine cup. Noncued (NC) water swallows were followed by randomly ordered block swallowing trials at three lung volumes. Estimated lung volume (ELV) and respiratory–swallow patterning were quantified using spirometry and respiratory inductive plethysmography. Manometry measured pharyngeal swallow duration from onset of base of tongue pressure increase to offset of negative pressure in the pharyngoesophageal segment.ResultsDuring NC swallows, the VwCOPDs swallowed at lower lung volumes than OHVs (p= .011) and VwCOPDs tended to inspire after swallows more often than OHVs. Pharyngeal swallow duration did not differ between groups; however, swallow duration significantly decreased as the ELV increased in VwCOPDs (p= .003). During ELV manipulation, the COPD group inspired after swallowing more frequently at REL than at TLC (p= .001) and at TV (p= .002). In conclusion, increasing respiratory lung volume in COPD should improve safety by reducing the frequency of inspiration after a swallow.
Protokolle zur Klassifikation, Überwachung und Therapie in der Kinderrheumatologie (PRO-KIND)
Authors: Horneff Gerd 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZur Verbesserung und Harmonisierung der Diagnostik, Überwachung, Therapieentscheidung und der Prognose bei einigen häufigeren pädiatrisch-rheumatologischen Erkrankungen hat die Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie die Kommission PRO-KIND gegründet. Die erstellten Protokolle werden innerhalb der Fachgesellschaft konsentiert, um S1-Leitlinienniveau zu erhalten. Erste Protokolle wurden erstellt und eines in einer ersten klinischen Studie validiert.
Operative Interventionen beim Knochenmarködem und bei Osteonekrose
Authors: Roth Andreas , Henkelmann Jeanette 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas transitorische Knochenmarködem (KMÖ) stellt eine klinisch schmerzhafte, ätiologisch weiterhin nicht gänzlich geklärte Krankheitsentität dar und grenzt sich vom Frühstadium einer Osteonekrose ab. Sie betrifft am häufigsten das Hüft- und Kniegelenk und ist in der Regel mit einer guten Prognose selbstlimitierend. Die initiale Behandlung des KMÖ ist konservativ und beinhaltet neben einer Entlastung der Körperregion medikamentöse Therapien. Eine chirurgische Intervention mittels retrograder Anbohrung zur Druckentlastung bleibt Patienten mit starken, schwer kontrollierbaren Schmerzen vorbehalten. Osteonekrosen erfordern ein abgestuftes therapeutisches Vorgehen und richten sich am Stadium der Osteonekrose und der sekundären Gelenkschäden aus. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose bzw. frühe Stadien und Therapie sowie kleine Läsionsgrößen weisen bessere Prognosen auf. Unbehandelt führt sie zur Arthrose. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle ist eine chirurgische Intervention erforderlich, welche gelenkerhaltende Maßnahmen wie die Entlastungsbohrung und osteochondrale Autografts umfassen. Vor allem im Spätstadium müssen endoprothetische Verfahren erwogen werden.
Kinder-und Jugendmedizin quergedacht
Authors: Hussack Sabine 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Zeitalter der Digitalisierung, in dem wir leben, bietet der modernen Medizin durch einen steten, nie zuvor dagewesenen Wissens- und Informationszuwachs und nahezu unbegrenzten Zugang zu diesen Informationen eine Fülle an Chancen zur Qualitätssteigerung. Andererseits sieht sich die moderne Medizin durch die zunehmende Komplexität und Spezialisierungstendenzen auch vor zahlreiche neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Zur Vermittlung und Bündelung von nahezu unüberschaubar gewordenen Informationsmengen sind eine gute Kommunikation und die Vernetzung zur Kooperation mit anderen Fachdisziplinen wichtiger denn je geworden.
Ödem und Nekrose
Authors: Zustin Jozef 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGOsteonekrose und Ödem des Markraumes nicht nur im Hüftkopf werden mittels radiologischer Methoden diagnostiziert und nur selten histopathologisch untersucht. In dieser Übersicht werden morphologische Korrelate für Ödem und Osteonekrose erläutert.
Die Praxis der Familien- und Erziehungsberatung
Authors: Will Sylvia K. 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFamilien- und Erziehungsberatungsstellen dienen häufig als niederschwellige, kostenfreie erste Anlaufstelle bei alterstypischen Erziehungsproblemen, familiären Konflikten mit Gewalterfahrungen oder auch elterlichen Trennungssituationen. Als Teil eines großen psychosozialen Netzwerks mit umfassenden Angeboten sowie einer systemischen Sichtweise stellen sie für Pädiater einen wichtigen Kooperationspartner und Vermittler im weiten Spektrum der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe dar.
Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM) and Myeloid Leukemia in Down Syndrome (ML-DS)
Authors: Al-Kershi Sina , Golnik Richard , Flasinski Marius , Waack Katharina , Rasche Mareike , Creutzig Ursula , Dworzak Michael , Reinhardt Dirk , Klusmann Jan-Henning 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChildren with Down syndrome are at a high risk of developing transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM; synonym: TMD) or myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). While most patients with TAM are asymptomatic and go into spontaneous remission without a need for therapy, around 20% of patients die within the first six months due to TAM-related complications. Another 20–30% of patients progress from TAM to ML-DS. ML-DS patients are particularly vulnerable to therapy-associated toxicity, but the prognosis of relapsed ML-DS is extremely poor – thus, ML-DS therapy schemata must strive for a balance between appropriate efficacy (to avoid relapses) and treatment-related toxicity. This guideline presents diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for TAM and ML-DS based on the experience and results of previous clinical studies from the BFM working group, which have helped reduce the risk of early death in symptomatic TAM patients using low-dose cytarabine, and which have achieved excellent cure rates for ML-DS using intensity-reduced treatment protocols.
Entscheidungshilfe (EH) für Notärzte in der Versorgung von Patienten am Lebensende
Authors: George Wolfgang M , Steidl Stefan , Papke Jens , Wiese Christoph HR 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der überwiegende Teil der Patienten in
Deutschland verstirbt entgegen ihres Wunsches nicht zu Hause. Eine Entscheidungshilfe
für das notfallmedizinische Team kann nachfolgende Klinikeinweisungen von Patienten am
Lebensende vermeiden.
Material und Methoden Die Entscheidungshilfe Notarzt wurde im
Rahmen des G-BA-Projektes AVENUE-Pal basierend auf einem Expertenkonsens mittels
qualitativer und quantitativer Befragungen entwickelt. Sie stellt einen Teilaspekt des
Gesamtprojektes dar.
Ergebnisse Die EH Notarzt definiert 7 Ziele, die durch die
Dimensionen „Information“, „Beratung“, „Unterstützung“, „Schulung“, „Anleitung“,
„Übung“, „Kooperation“ und „Dokumentation“ erreicht werden sollen. Die EH Notarzt stellt
eine Möglichkeit der Optimierung der notfallmedizinischen Behandlung von Patienten am
Lebensende dar.
Diskussion Die EH Notarzt ist eine Entwicklung zur
Verbesserung der präklinischen Versorgung von Patienten am Lebensende und zur Vermeidung
von Klinikeinweisungen am Lebensende. Derzeit ist die EH Notarzt ein theoretisches
Hilfsmittel, welches in die praktische Anwendung überführt werden und weiterhin an die
Notwendigkeiten der täglichen Patientenversorgung angepasst werden muss.
Updates on the Management of Neurologic Complications of Post–Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation
Authors: Mayasi Yunis , Geocadin Romergryko G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States, and survivors are frequently left with severe disability. Of the 10% successfully resuscitated from SCA, only around 10% of these live with a favorable neurologic outcome. Survivors of SCA commonly develop post–cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). PCAS is composed of neurologic, myocardial, and systemic injury related to inadequate perfusion and ischemia–reperfusion injury with free radical formation and an inflammatory cascade. While targeted temperature management is the cornerstone of therapy, other intensive care unit–based management strategies include monitoring and treatment of seizures, cerebral edema, and increased intracranial pressure, as well as prevention of further neurologic injury. In this review, we discuss the scientific evidence, recent updates, future prospects, and knowledge gaps in the treatment of post–cardiac arrest patients.
Larotrectinib: A Novel Tumor-Agnostic Neurotrophic Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase (NTRK) Inhibitor in Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Dhanushkodi Manikandan , Bajpai Jyoti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarotrectinib and entrectinib are highly selective, potent tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion inhibitors. It is U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of adult and pediatric advanced solid tumors with neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion genes who are refractory to standard systemic therapy. The response rate was ~80% and was rapid and durable. The median progression-free survival was 28 months. The side effects include anemia, weight gain, hepatotoxicity, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Phase 3, randomized controlled trials are warranted to assess survival benefit.
The Outcomes of Tracheostomy in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Sahu Manoj Kumar , Bipin Challatil , Dhatterwal Ummed Singh , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Devagourou Velayoudam , Rajashekar Palleti , Talwar Sachin , Hote Milind Padmakar , Chaudhary Shiv Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives To describe the outcomes of postoperative tracheostomy and determine the predictors of survival.
Design Prospective, observational study.
Setting Cardiac surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.
Participants All pediatric patients below 10 years of age who underwent tracheostomy after cardiac surgery from January 2019 to December 2019. Different variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors.
Intervention Tracheostomy.
Results Among 1084 pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery during the study period, 41 (3.7%) received tracheostomy. Survival rate was 71%.Earlier, sternal closure (SC) (p = 0.04), acute kidney injury (AKI) (p = 0.001), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.007), duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (p = 0.005) and days of feed interruption (FI) (p = 0.02), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) before tracheostomy (p = 0.006), and bleeding from tracheostomy site (p = 0.02) were significantly low in the survivor group.Among the peritracheostomy variables taken at different time points, the levels of pH on tracheostomy day 1 (p = 0.03), serum lactate on tracheostomy day 2 (p = 0.01) and day 3 (p = 0.01), and random blood sugar (RBS) on tracheostomy day 3 (p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the survivor group.The arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) on tracheostomy day 1 (p = 0.04) and the platelet count before tracheostomy (p = 0.02) were significantly higher in the survivor group.
Conclusions Our study demonstrated a survival of 71% among the study cohort. Lesser duration of open sternum, lower incidence of AKI, less number of days on TPN and FI, lower posttracheostomy aPTT, bleeding, RBS, lactate, and higher pretracheostomy platelet count and posttracheostomy SaO2 were found to be the predictors of survival.
Umbilical Cord Blood Use for Admission Blood Tests of VLBW Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mu Thornton S. , Prescott Alicia C. , Haischer-Rollo Gayle D. , Aden James K. , Shapiro Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2021

Objective Umbilical cord blood (UCB) for admission laboratories is an approach to decrease anemia risk in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. We hypothesized that UCB use results in higher hemoglobin concentration [HgB] around 24 hours of life.
Study Design A randomized control trial among VLBW infants whose admission laboratories were drawn from UCB (n = 39) or the infant (n = 41) in three U.S. military NICUs (clinicaltrials.gov#NCT02103296).
Results No demographic differences were observed between groups. UCB infants had higher [HgB] at 12 to 24 hours of life (15.5 vs. 14.0 g/dL, p = 0.02). The median time to first transfusion was 17 days longer in the experimental group (p = 0.04), and at discharge, their number of donor exposures was lower (1.1 vs. 1.8, p = 0.04).
Conclusion In the first 24 hours of life that is a period of higher risk for hemodynamic instability, UCB utilization for admission bloodwork in VLBW infants results in higher [HgB].
Key Points