bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Beliefs in Patients with Mental Disorders in Psychosomatic	Rehabilitation
Authors: von der Warth Rieka , Nau Anne , Rudolph Matthias , Stapel Matthias , Bengel Jürgen , Glattacker Manuela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Background: The efficacy of inpatient psychosomatic rehabilitation in Germany can be considered proven. However, a significant number of patients with mental disorders remain unsatisfied with rehabilitation or being non-responders. Illness beliefs, as the core element of the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM), are widely known as predictors of various health outcomes. Yet, little is known about treatment beliefs as an extension of the CSM and their impact on health outcomes. Aim: As treatment beliefs differ in relation to the treatment, this study aimed to explore rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs in psychosomatic rehabilitation patients with mental disorders before inpatient admission. Thus, knowledge of the concept of rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs will be added. Methods: N = 10 semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted in September/October 2018. A purposive sampling approach was chosen based on the criteria gender, age, and diagnosis. Participants were asked about their rehabilitation expectations starting with an open narrative question. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants had a mean age of 48.3 years ( SD = 9.42); five participants were female and five male. 9 main themes with 32 subthemes as components of the rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs were identified: reasons for rehabilitation, conditions within the clinic, rehabilitation planning, organization of the rehabilitation, the content of the rehabilitation, results of the rehabilitation, concerns, expectations toward one’s behavior, and contact to other patients. Limitation: Our sample was too small to analyze the data for different subgroups. Conclusion: Results show that rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs are multidimensional, addressing different aspects of psychosomatic rehabilitation.
Reanalysis in Earth System Science: Toward Terrestrial Ecosystem Reanalysis
Authors: Baatz R. , Hendricks Franssen H. J. , Euskirchen E. , Sihi D. , Dietze M. , Ciavatta S. , Fennel K. , Beck H. , De Lannoy G. , Pauwels V. R. N. , Raiho A. , Montzka C. , Williams M. , Mishra U. , Poppe C. , Zacharias S. , Lausch A. , Samaniego L. , Van Looy K. , Bogena H. , Adamescu M. , Mirtl M. , Fox A. , Goergen K. , Naz B. S. , Zeng Y. , Vereecken H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA reanalysis is a physically consistent set of optimally merged simulated model states and historical observational data, using data assimilation. High computational costs for modeled processes and assimilation algorithms has led to Earth system specific reanalysis products for the atmosphere, the ocean and the land separately. Recent developments include the advanced uncertainty quantification and the generation of biogeochemical reanalysis for land and ocean. Here, we review atmospheric and oceanic reanalyzes, and more in detail biogeochemical ocean and terrestrial reanalyzes. In particular, we identify land surface, hydrologic and carbon cycle reanalyzes which are nowadays produced in targeted projects for very specific purposes. Although a future joint reanalysis of land surface, hydrologic, and carbon processes represents an analysis of important ecosystem variables, biotic ecosystem variables are assimilated only to a very limited extent. Continuous data sets of ecosystem variables are needed to explore biotic‐abiotic interactions and the response of ecosystems to global change. Based on the review of existing achievements, we identify five major steps required to develop terrestrial ecosystem reanalysis to deliver continuous data streams on ecosystem dynamics.
Linking the Surface and Subsurface in River Deltas—Part 2: Relating Subsurface Geometry to Groundwater Flow Behavior
Authors: Xu Zhongyuan , Hariharan Jayaram , Passalacqua Paola , Steel Elisabeth , Paola Chris , Michael Holly A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding subsurface structure and groundwater flow in deltaic aquifers is essential for evaluating the vulnerability of groundwater resources in delta systems. Deltaic aquifers contain coarse‐grained paleochannels that preserve a record of former surface river channels as well as fine‐grained floodplain deposits. The distribution of these deposits and how they are interconnected control groundwater flow and contaminant transport. In this work, we link depositional environments of deltaic aquifers to stratigraphic (static) and flow and transport (dynamic) connectivity metrics. Numerical models of deltaic stratigraphy were generated using a reduced‐complexity numerical model (DeltaRCM) with different input sand fractions (ISF) and rates of sea‐level rise (SLR). The groundwater flow and advective transport behavior of these deltas were simulated using MODFLOW and MODPATH. By comparing the static and dynamic metrics calculated from these numerical models, we show that groundwater behavior can be predicted by particular aspects of the subsurface architecture, and that horizontal and vertical connectivity display different characteristics. We also evaluate relationships between connectivity metrics and two environmental controls on delta evolution: ISF and SLR rate. The results show that geologic setting strongly influences both static and dynamic connectivity in different directions. These results provide insights into quantitatively differentiated subsurface hydraulic behavior between deltas formed under different external forcing (ISF and SLR rate) and they are a potential link in using information from delta surface networks and depositional history to predict vulnerability to aquifer contamination.
Focused Penetrative Plumes: A Possible Consequence of the Dissociation Transition of Post‐Perovskite at ∼0.9 TPa in Massive Rocky Super‐Earths
Authors: Shahnas M. H. , Pysklywec R. N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBased on the standard view of depth‐increasing viscosity in the mantle of rocky planets, convection in the deep mantle of these planets is expected to become less likely as the size of planet increases. However, a recent theoretical study suggests that above 100 GPa pressure, the mantle viscosity can instead decrease with pressure at higher depths. We explore the potential impact of this type of viscosity structure on the nature of mantle convection in a super‐Earth planet of size GJ 876 d with a mass of ∼7.33 M⊕ (M⊕: Earth's mass). The pressures at the bottom of the mantle of GJ 876 d allow MgSiO3 post‐perovskite to dissociate into magnesium oxide (MgO) and relatively highly oxidized magnesium silicate MgSi2O5 at 0.9 TPa with highly negative Clapeyron slope. Our 3D‐spherical numerical model results suggest that for sufficiently low values of viscosity at the transition depth, a vigorous layered mantle convection may develop at the bottom of GJ 876 d‐size super‐Earth. Focused penetrative plumes originating from the deep mantle layered region can survive and stabilize over very long geological timescales and reach to the surface, which may induce unique circumstances of volcanism and tectonic activity.
Transport Barriers and the Retention of Calanus finmarchicus on the Lofoten Shelf in Early Spring
Authors: Dong Huizi , Zhou Meng , Hu Ziyuan , Zhang Zhaoru , Zhong Yisen , Basedow Sünnje L. , Smith Walker O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge aggregations of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus occur each spring in the shelf‐slope‐oceanic regions off the Lofoten‐Vesterålen Islands where productive fisheries have traditionally supported local economies. The retention and off‐shelf transport of populations of C. finmarchicus populations were studied by analyzing ocean color remote sensing, satellite altimetry data, and Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) between 2010 and 2019. Our analysis revealed the existence of a transport barrier reoccurring at the shelf break that retains C. finmarchicus on the shelf for 30–70 days in the spring when C. finmarchicus were seasonally ascending to the surface layer. The analysis of baroclinic and barotropic energy conversions indicated that the topographically steered Norwegian Atlantic Current is the primary mechanism in the formation of the transport barrier, which restricts exchanges of C. finmarchicus populations between shelf and oceanic waters. In the mid‐ to late April, an increase in baroclinicity leads to an increase in mesoscale eddies generated on the shelf break near Lofoten‐Vesterålen Islands, breaking down transport barriers and causing off‐shelf transport of C. finmarchicus. The transport barrier predictably reoccurs in early spring which supports the entrapment of C. finmarchicus in the shelf region.
Early Summer Soil Moisture Contribution to Western European Summer Warming
Authors: Stegehuis A. I. , Vogel M. M. , Vautard R. , Ciais P. , Teuling A. J. , Seneviratne S. I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWarm European summer temperatures are often preceded by low soil moisture conditions, but also depend on the atmospheric circulations and associated rainfall that may trigger drought to persist and land‐atmosphere feedbacks to take place. The quantitative role of early summer soil moisture (ESSM) trends, versus that of trends in atmospheric circulations and other large‐scale drivers (LS), in explaining the long‐term trends in summer warming have not been investigated so far. Using regional climate simulations with forced large‐scale circulation and different possible initial soil moisture, we show that the increasing ESSM deficit explains almost all of the warming summer trend (1980–2011) in Western Europe (∼0.1–0.2°C.decade−1, p‐value < 0.05). It also contributed a similar amount to summer warming trend in Eastern Europe, although here LS explains a much larger part of the overall warming. Our results emphasize the crucial role of the pre‐summer water cycle in current and future regional evolutions of Western European summer climate.
Predictability of Geomagnetically Induced Currents as a Function of Available Magnetic Field Information
Authors: Grawe Matthew A. , Makela Jonathan J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrediction of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) plays a critical role in the gestalt of space weather forecasting and risk assessment, giving power companies time to enact mitigation strategies that could avoid a catastrophic collapse of the power grid caused by, for example, the impact of an Earth‐directed coronal mass ejection. Sun‐to‐mud prediction of the surface magnetic field (and/or its time derivative) is a long‐standing goal for both first‐principles and data‐driven models. Here, we quantify the upper limits of peak GIC predictability as a function of how much magnetic field information is accurately predictable. Using the United States as a testbed, our results suggest that accurate characterization of temporal scales up to around 30 mHz keeps relative peak GIC errors below 10 across the regions considered. We also found that forecasting if GIC will exceed a specified threshold over the next 30 min is feasible with an accurate prediction of peak dB/dt magnitude. This is supported by reasonable out‐of‐sample performance across several forecast metrics (0.4–0.8 POD, POFD 0.05, 1–5 forecast ratio, 0.4–0.8 Heidke skill score), and favorable performance relative to a persistence model across all but the most extreme data intervals. We also find that the subsurface conductivity may influence peak GIC predictability. Overall, our results highlight the range of temporal scales in the surface magnetic field that are important for estimation of peak GIC and, in the context of peak dB/dt magnitude prediction, provide an upper bound on expected GIC predictability across a wide range of magnitudes.
Focusing light into scattering media with ultrasound-induced field perturbation
Authors: Cheng Zhongtao , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFocusing light into scattering media, although challenging, is highly desirable in many realms. With the invention of time-reversed ultrasonically encoded (TRUE) optical focusing, acousto-optic modulation was demonstrated as a promising guidestar mechanism for achieving noninvasive and addressable optical focusing into scattering media. Here, we report a new ultrasound-assisted technique, ultrasound-induced field perturbation optical focusing, abbreviated as UFP. Unlike in conventional TRUE optical focusing, where only the weak frequency-shifted first-order diffracted photons due to acousto-optic modulation are useful, here UFP leverages the brighter zeroth-order photons diffracted by an ultrasonic guidestar as information carriers to guide optical focusing. We find that the zeroth-order diffracted photons, although not frequency-shifted, do have a field perturbation caused by the existence of the ultrasonic guidestar. By detecting and time-reversing the differential field of the frequency-unshifted photons when the ultrasound is alternately ON and OFF, we can focus light to the position where the field perturbation occurs inside the scattering medium. We demonstrate here that UFP optical focusing has superior performance to conventional TRUE optical focusing, which benefits from the more intense zeroth-order photons. We further show that UFP optical focusing can be easily and flexibly developed into double-shot realization or even single-shot realization, which is desirable for high-speed wavefront shaping. This new method upsets conventional thinking on the utility of an ultrasonic guidestar and broadens the horizon of light control in scattering media. We hope that it provides a more efficient and flexible mechanism for implementing ultrasound-guided wavefront shaping.
Toward asleep DBS: cortico-basal ganglia spectral and coherence activity during interleaved propofol/ketamine sedation mimics NREM/REM sleep activity
Authors: Guang Jing , Baker Halen , Ben-Yishay Nizri Orilia , Firman Shimon , Werner-Reiss Uri , Kapuller Vadim , Israel Zvi , Bergman Hagai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently a standard procedure for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Many centers employ awake physiological navigation and stimulation assessment to optimize DBS localization and outcome. To enable DBS under sedation, asleep DBS, we characterized the cortico-basal ganglia neuronal network of two nonhuman primates under propofol, ketamine, and interleaved propofol-ketamine (IPK) sedation. Further, we compared these sedation states in the healthy and Parkinsonian condition to those of healthy sleep. Ketamine increases high-frequency power and synchronization while propofol increases low-frequency power and synchronization in polysomnography and neuronal activity recordings. Thus, ketamine does not mask the low-frequency oscillations used for physiological navigation toward the basal ganglia DBS targets. The brain spectral state under ketamine and propofol mimicked rapid eye movement (REM) and Non-REM (NREM) sleep activity, respectively, and the IPK protocol resembles the NREM-REM sleep cycle. These promising results are a meaningful step toward asleep DBS with nondistorted physiological navigation.
Reef Cover, a coral reef classification for global habitat mapping from remote sensing
Authors: Kennedy Emma V. , Roelfsema Chris M. , Lyons Mitchell B. , Kovacs Eva M. , Borrego-Acevedo Rodney , Roe Meredith , Phinn Stuart R. , Larsen Kirk , Murray Nicholas J. , Yuwono Doddy , Wolff Jeremy , Tudman Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoral reef management and conservation stand to benefit from improved high-resolution global mapping. Yet classifications underpinning large-scale reef mapping to date are typically poorly defined, not shared or region-specific, limiting end-users’ ability to interpret outputs. Here we presentReef Cover, a coral reef geomorphic zone classification, developed to support both producers and end-users of global-scale coral reef habitat maps, in a transparent and version-based framework. Scalable classes were created by focusing on attributes that can be observed remotely, but whose membership rules also reflect deep knowledge of reef form and functioning. Bridging the divide between earth observation data and geo-ecological knowledge of reefs,Reef Covermaximises the trade-off between applicability at global scales, and relevance and accuracy at local scales. Two case studies demonstrate application of theReef Coverclassification scheme and its scientific and conservation benefits: 1) detailed mapping of theCairns Management Regionof the Great Barrier Reef to support management and 2) mapping of the Caroline and Mariana Island chains in the Pacific for conservation purposes.
Effects of divorce and widowhood on subsequent health behaviours and outcomes in a sample of middle-aged and older Australian adults
Authors: Ding Ding , Gale Joanne , Bauman Adrian , Phongsavan Philayrath , Nguyen Binh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMarital disruption is a common life event with potential health implications. We examined the prospective association of divorce/widowhood with subsequent lifestyles, psychological, and overall health outcomes within short and longer terms using three waves of data from the 45 and Up Study in Australia (T1, 2006–09; T2, 2010; T3, 2012–16). Marital status and health-related outcomes were self-reported using validated questionnaires. Nine outcomes were examined including lifestyles (smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity), psychological outcomes (distress, anxiety and depression) and overall health/quality of life. Logistic regression was adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and baseline health outcomes. Of the 33,184 participants who were married at T1 (mean age 59.5 ± 9.3 years), after 3.4 years, 2.9% became divorced and 2.4% widowed at T2. Recent divorce was positively associated with smoking, poor quality of life, high psychological distress, anxiety and depression at T2. Similar but weaker associations were observed for widowhood. However, these associations were much attenuated at T3 (5 years from T2). Marital disruption in midlife or at an older age can be detrimental to health, particularly psychological health in the short term. Public awareness of the health consequences of spousal loss should be raised. Resources, including professional support, should be allocated to help individuals navigate these difficult life transitions.
An infrared spectral biomarker accurately predicts neurodegenerative disease class in the absence of overt symptoms
Authors: Lovergne Lila , Ghosh Dhruba , Schuck Renaud , Polyzos Aris A. , Chen Andrew D. , Martin Michael C. , Barnard Edward S. , Brown James B. , McMurray Cynthia T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough some neurodegenerative diseases can be identified by behavioral characteristics relatively late in disease progression, we currently lack methods to predict who has developed disease before the onset of symptoms, when onset will occur, or the outcome of therapeutics. New biomarkers are needed. Here we describe spectral phenotyping, a new kind of biomarker that makes disease predictions based on chemical rather than biological endpoints in cells. Spectral phenotyping uses Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy to produce an absorbance signature as a rapid physiological indicator of disease state. FTIR spectromicroscopy has over the past been used in differential diagnoses of manifest disease. Here, we report that the unique FTIR chemical signature accurately predicts disease class in mouse with high probability in the absence of brain pathology. In human cells, the FTIR biomarker accurately predicts neurodegenerative disease class using fibroblasts as surrogate cells.
Investigation of the utility of the 1.1B4 cell as a model human beta cell line for study of persistent enteroviral infection
Authors: Chaffey Jessica R. , Young Jay , Leslie Kaiyven A. , Partridge Katie , Akhbari Pouria , Dhayal Shalinee , Hill Jessica L. , Wedgwood Kyle C. A. , Burnett Edward , Russell Mark A. , Richardson Sarah J. , Morgan Noel G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe generation of a human pancreatic beta cell line which reproduces the responses seen in primary beta cells, but is amenable to propagation in culture, has long been an important goal in diabetes research. This is particularly true for studies focussing on the role of enteroviral infection as a potential cause of beta-cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. In the present work we made use of a clonal beta cell line (1.1B4) available from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures, which had been generated by the fusion of primary human beta-cells with a pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell, PANC-1. Our goal was to study the factors allowing the development and persistence of a chronic enteroviral infection in human beta-cells. Since PANC-1 cells have been reported to support persistent enteroviral infection, the hybrid 1.1B4 cells appeared to offer an ideal vehicle for our studies. In support of this, infection of the cells with a Coxsackie virus isolated originally from the pancreas of a child with type 1 diabetes, CVB4.E2, at a low multiplicity of infection, resulted in the development of a state of persistent infection. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms suggested that this response was facilitated by a number of unexpected outcomes including an apparent failure of the cells to up-regulate certain anti-viral response gene products in response to interferons. However, more detailed exploration revealed that this lack of response was restricted to molecular targets that were either activated by, or detected with, human-selective reagents. By contrast, and to our surprise, the cells were much more responsive to rodent-selective reagents. Using multiple approaches, we then established that populations of 1.1B4 cells are not homogeneous but that they contain a mixture of rodent and human cells. This was true both of our own cell stocks and those held by the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures. In view of this unexpected finding, we developed a strategy to harvest, isolate and expand single cell clones from the heterogeneous population, which allowed us to establish colonies of 1.1B4 cells that were uniquely human (h1.1.B4). However, extensive analysis of the gene expression profiles, immunoreactive insulin content, regulated secretory pathways and the electrophysiological properties of these cells demonstrated that they did not retain the principal characteristics expected of human beta cells. Our data suggest that stocks of 1.1B4 cells should be evaluated carefully prior to their use as a model human beta-cell since they may not retain the phenotype expected of human beta-cells.