bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherited skin disorders presenting with poikiloderma
Authors: Rayinda Tuntas , van Steensel Maurice , Danarti Retno 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPoikiloderma is a skin condition that combines atrophy, telangiectasia, and macular pigment changes (hypo‐ as well as hyperpigmentation). It is often mistaken for mottled pigmentation by general practitioners or nondermatology specialists. Poikiloderma can be a key presenting symptom of Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome (RTS), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), hereditary sclerosing poikiloderma (HSP), hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP), xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Bloom syndrome (BS), Kindler syndrome (KS), and Clericuzio‐type poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN). In these conditions, poikiloderma starts early in life, usually before the second or third year. They may also be associated with photosensitivity and other significant multi‐organ manifestation developed later in life. Poikiloderma could indicate the presence of a genetic disorder with potentially serious consequences. Poikiloderma almost always precedes more severe manifestations of these genodermatoses. Prompt diagnosis at the time of presentation could help to prevent complications and mitigate the course of the disease. This review discusses these to help the practicing clinician manage patients presenting with the symptom. To further facilitate early recognition, this paper also proposes a simple diagnostic algorithm.
The effects of beta‐blockers in patients with stress cardiomyopathy
Authors: Evison Isla , Watson George , Chan Christina , Bridgman Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBeta‐blockers are often used in the treatment of patients with stress cardiomyopathy without firm evidence of benefit. We conducted a retrospective case note review investigating the effects of beta‐blockers on QT interval and heart rate in patients with stress cardiomyopathy over 3 days of hospital admission. We found no evidence of effects on QT interval from beta‐blocker treatment in this condition.
Are the Portuguese public hospitals sustainable? A triple bottom line hybrid data envelopment analysis approach
Authors: Pederneiras Yasmim Maia , Pereira Miguel Alves , Figueira José Rui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe harmonious interaction between humans and the biosphere determines how sustainable existence and coexistence are. However, when social challenges appear, sustainability is heavily compromised. Health is one of the areas affected by such challenges, with the delivery of health services being ensured by health systems. Consequently, understanding how sustainable health services are, especially those that consume the majority of resources—hospitals—is indispensable for a sustainable future. For this reason, we propose using a hybrid data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to study hospital sustainability in Portugal under environmental, social, and economic perspectives, in cooperation with the Portuguese Ministry of Health. In particular, the proposed methodology incorporates the preference information of decision makers (via the construction of utility scales and the determination of Möbius coefficients) and criteria interactivity, due to the integration of the Choquet multiple criteria preference aggregation model in the DEA approach. In the end, despite approximately 30% of the sampled 29 assessed hospitals were deemed as efficient across the three perspectives in 2018, only 1 was entirely sustainable.
Characterizing manufacturing wastewater in the United States for the purpose of analyzing energy requirements for reuse
Authors: Fuchs Heidi , Rao Prakash 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper seeks to inform an improved understanding of the energy tradeoff associated with on‐site manufacturing water reuse in the United States from a lifecycle perspective, in part by developing an analytical framework for understanding when this tradeoff for reuse is beneficial. We survey the literature to assess the current state of reuse and its motives and barriers in the United States, before synthesizing information from publicly available EPA data on contaminants in US manufacturing wastewaters and technologies for treating them. Using the available data, we derive a set of “ubiquitous contaminants” among the top ten in terms of mass discharged in more than half of US manufacturing subsectors (NAICS 31–33) according to EPA permit data. We also present information on proven treatment trains and their energy requirements. We then compare water quality requirements for specific contaminants in reclaimed water to those characteristic of wastewater streams currently being discharged from manufacturing plants into surface waters to highlight sectors with reuse opportunities that could require little cost to realize, such as primary metals and, to a lesser extent, petroleum and coal products. We conclude by highlighting data limitations that need to be rectified before applying the framework more broadly and discussing how these data gaps could be filled. Better understanding the relationship between energy and water in the context of on‐site manufacturing water reuse would allow manufacturers to improve resiliency by reducing regulatory, physical, and reputational risks while lessening their footprint on local watersheds.
Brain insulin, insulin‐like growth factor 1 and glucagon‐like peptide 1 signalling in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ferreira Sergio T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the brain was once considered an insulin‐independent organ, insulin signalling is now recognised as being central to neuronal health and to the function of synapses and brain circuits. Defective brain insulin signalling, as well as related signalling by insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), is associated with neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that cognitive impairment could be related to a state of brain insulin resistance. Here, I briefly review key epidemiological/clinical evidence of the association between diabetes, cognitive decline and AD, as well as findings of reduced components of insulin signalling in AD brains, which led to the initial suggestion that AD could be a type of brain diabetes. Particular attention is given to recent studies illuminating mechanisms leading to neuronal insulin resistance as a key driver of cognitive impairment in AD. Evidence of impaired IGF‐1 signalling in AD is also examined. Finally, we discuss potentials and possible limitations of recent and on‐going therapeutic approaches based on our increased understanding of the roles of brain signalling by insulin, IGF‐1 and glucagon‐like peptide 1 in AD.
A new masticatory performance scale to integrate food biting, comminution and mixing ability in removable partial denture wearers
Authors: Inamochi Yuka , Fueki Kenji , Yoshida‐Kohno Eiko , Hayashi Yoko , Wakabayashi Noriyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe existing masticatory performance (MP) tests cannot comprehensively evaluate objective masticatory function.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the construct validity and responsiveness and determine the clinically minimum important difference (MID) and related factors of a newly developed MP scale to integrate food biting, comminution and mixing ability in patients with removable partial dentures (RPDs).MethodsMasticatory performance tests using gummy jelly, peanuts and colour‐changeable gum were performed before and 3 months after RPD treatment in 248 partially dentate patients. A 10‐point ordinal subscale was created for each MP test based on the distributions of MP values, and the three subscales were integrated into a single scale (iMP scale). We analysed the correlations between MP values and iMP scores and determined the effect size for RPD treatments and the MID on the basis of patient perception of chewing ability.ResultsiMP scores exhibited moderate correlations with the three MP values (|ρ| = 0.73–0.79, p < .001) and with the change scores (|ρ| =0.61–0.64, p < .001). The mean iMP score significantly increased after RPD treatment (p < .001), and the effect size was 0.35. Of the 248 patients, 55 (22%) reported a slight improvement in chewing ability with a mean iMP score change of 2.1 points. Sex and the number of missing teeth were significantly associated with iMP scores (p < .05).ConclusionsThe iMP scale comprehensively evaluated objective masticatory function, including food biting, comminution and mixing ability in RPD wearers, and an increase of two points on the iMP scale was considered to be the MID in RPD treatments.
How Single Older Men Reach Poverty and Its Relationship with Help‐Seeking Preferences1
Authors: Murayama Yoh , Yamazaki Sachiko , Hasebe Masami , Takahashi Tomoya , Kobayashi Erika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify patterns of poverty among single older men and examine this population's help‐seeking preferences. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 83 older single men in poverty. Three main patterns of poverty were identified: lifelong, job turnover, and retirement. A common characteristic among these patterns indicated that they did not recognize their difficulties as problems. Furthermore, we identified five groups of help‐receiving preferences: independent, resignation, mutual‐aid, other‐oriented, and seeking. Among these, the independent and resignation groups were influenced by past experiences of failing to seek help, which was characteristic of the lifelong pattern type. Furthermore, the mutual‐aid and seeking groups were oriented toward positive help‐seeking, which was characteristic of the job turnover and retirement pattern types. However, neither group actively sought help for social isolation or lack of social support, suggesting that it would have been challenging to establish social relationships early on in life. Thus, it is important to establish initiatives that enable older people to understand their current state and to think about their future depending on three patterns of poverty.
MA and Togetherness (Ittaikan) in the Narratives of Dancers and Spectators: Sharing an Uncertain Space
Authors: Tseng Chiahuei , Cheng Miao , Matout Hassan , Fujita Kazuyuki , Kitamura Yoshifumi , Shioiri Satoshi , Ho I‐Lien , Bachrach Asaf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Japanese concept/character MA (間), commonly translated as “gap, interval, or the in between,” partakes in many forms of Japanese arts and daily‐life practices. In this article, we report the results of a qualitative research on the meaning or experience of MA and its relation with the feeling of togetherness in the context of contemporary dance improvisation. We interviewed performers and spectators (all professional dancers) while they watched the videotaped and reduced stick‐figure versions of short dance improvisations created in a laboratory installed with motion‐capture sensors. Based on the individual narratives, and inspired by Japanese and occidental aesthetic writings, we elaborate a specific understanding of MA as attending to the event's preacceleration, and how this experience causally relates to the feeling of togetherness (一体感, ittaikan). We propose that MA, understood not extensionally (as an empty space or a silent gap), but intentionally/internally as a certain quality of attention or perceptual mode, is fertile ground for serendipity. MA as an interpersonal ethical construct suggests a transsubjective difference as a foundation for a collective coming together.
Topographical distribution and radiographic pattern of lung lesions in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy
Authors: Lo E. J. Y. , Schwarz T. , Corcoran B. M. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the radiographic lung pattern and topographical distribution in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy.Materials and MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs diagnosed with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. Lateral thoracic radiographs were examined for the presence of increased radiopacity, classification of pattern, topography of lung changes (cranioventral, perihilar, caudodorsal, caudoventral) and severity of pulmonary lesions.ResultsForty‐four cases were identified with the Labrador retriever being the most commonly affected breed; there was a mean age of 5 years and an equal gender distribution. Coughing was the most common clinical sign. Circulating eosinophilia was present in 39% of dogs, with a mean peripheral eosinophilia of 5.1×109cells/L and a mean bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia of 40%. Eighty percent of dogs had an abnormal lung pattern in at least one of the four lung fields; the remaining had normal thoracic radiographs. The most common patterns were a bronchial and a bronchointerstitial pattern, with 41 and 89% distribution to the caudodorsal lung field, respectively.Clinical SignificanceA bronchial and bronchointerstitial pattern are the most common radiographic lung patterns seen in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy with these patterns most frequently topographically distributed to at least the caudodorsal lung field. Furthermore, within the caudodorsal lung field, a bronchointerstitial pattern predominates. This radiographic and topographical finding may allow eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy to take precedence on a differential diagnoses list before confirmatory bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sampling.
Short‐ and long‐term outcome in cats diagnosed with pyothorax: 47 cases (2009‐2018)
Authors: Krämer F. , Rainer J. , Bali M. S. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe aims of this retrospective study were to report the short‐ and long‐term outcome in cats treated for pyothorax and to identify prognostic indicators as well as determine recurrence rate.MethodsMedical records from April 2009 to August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were included if a diagnosis of pyothorax was confirmed via cytology and/or culture of pleural fluid. Cats diagnosed with or suspected of having other thoracic diseases and cats with no evidence of pleural effusion were excluded from the study.ResultsFifty‐five cats met the inclusion criteria. Eighty five percent (n=47) cats underwent medical management with thoracostomy tubes, pleural lavage and broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Fifteen percent (n=5) cases failed medical treatment and underwent thoracotomy. Twenty eight percent (n=13) did not survive to hospital discharge. Short‐term survival (14 days) was achieved in 72% (n=34). Long‐term follow‐up was available for 31 of 34 with a long‐term survival rate of 68% (n=30). The recurrence rate was 6% (n=2).ConclusionFor cats with pyothorax that survive to discharge the prognosis is excellent and the condition is associated with a low recurrence rate.
Multiple (Non)Religious Identities Leads to Undercounting Religious Nones and Asian Religious Identities
Authors: Corcoran Katie E. , Scheitle Christopher P. , Dabbs Ellory 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study of religion typically assumes that individuals can only identify with one religion, which is inconsistent with lived religious experience. Surveys that only allow respondents to select one choice may underrepresent religious traditions in which multiple religious identities are more likely. We argue that religious “nones” and those who identify with Asian religions will be more likely to identify multiple (non)religious identities and that this will lead to these identities being undercounted in surveys allowing individuals to select only one identity. We use a sample of Mechanical Turk participants half of whom received the standard one choice (non)religious identity option and the other half could select as many (non)religious identities as they wanted. This allows us to show which (non)religious identities are undercounted when only one selection is permitted and to identify what factors are associated with reporting more than one (non)religious identity. We find support for our hypotheses.
Parasites, niche modification and the host microbiome: A field survey of multiple parasites
Authors: O’Keeffe Kayleigh R. , Halliday Fletcher W. , Jones Corbin D. , Carbone Ignazio , Mitchell Charles E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParasites can affect and be affected by the host's microbiome, with consequences for host susceptibility, parasite transmission, and host and parasite fitness. Yet, two aspects of the relationship between parasite infection and host microbiota remain little understood: the nature of the relationship under field conditions, and how the relationship varies among parasites. To overcome these limitations, we performed a field survey of the within‐leaf fungal community in a tall fescue population. We investigated how diversity and composition of the fungal microbiome associate with natural infection by fungal parasites with different feeding strategies. A parasite's feeding strategy affects both parasite requirements of the host environment and parasite impacts on the host environment. We hypothesized that parasites that more strongly modify niches available within a host will be associated with greater changes in microbiome diversity and composition. Parasites with a feeding strategy that creates necrotic tissue to extract resources (necrotrophs) may not only have different niche requirements, but also act as particularly strong niche modifiers. Barcoded amplicon sequencing of the fungal ITS region revealed that leaf segments symptomatic of necrotrophs had lower fungal diversity and distinct composition compared to segments that were asymptomatic or symptomatic of other parasites. There were no clear differences in fungal diversity or composition between leaf segments that were asymptomatic and segments symptomatic of other parasite feeding strategies. Our results motivate future experimental work to test how the relationship between the microbiome and parasite infection is impacted by parasite feeding strategy and highlight the potential importance of parasite traits.
Scale‐dependent signatures of local adaptation in a foundation tree species
Authors: von Takach Brenton , Ahrens Collin W. , Lindenmayer David B. , Banks Sam C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding local adaptation is critical for conservation management under rapidly changing environmental conditions. Local adaptation inferred from genotype‐environment associations may show different genomic patterns depending on the spatial scale of sampling, due to differences in the slope of environmental gradients and the level of gene flow. We compared signatures of local adaptation across the genome of mountain ash (Eucalyptusregnans) at two spatial scales: A species‐wide data set and a topographically‐complex subregional data set. We genotyped 367 individual trees at over 3700 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), quantified patterns of spatial genetic structure among populations, and used two analytical methods to identify loci associated with at least one of three environmental variables at each spatial scale. Together, the analyses identified 549 potentially adaptive SNPs at the subregion scale, and 435 SNPs at the range‐wide scale. A total of 39 genic or near‐genic SNPs, associated with 28 genes, were identified at both spatial scales, although no SNP was identified by both methods at both scales. We observed that nongenic regions had significantly higher homozygote excess than genic regions, possibly due to selective elimination of inbred genotypes during stand development. Our results suggest that strong environmental selection occurs in mountain ash, and that the identification of putatively adaptive loci can differ substantially depending on the spatial scale of analyses. We also highlight the importance of multiple adaptive genetic architectures for understanding patterns of local adaptation across large heterogenous landscapes, with comparison of putatively adaptive loci among spatial scales providing crucial insights into the process of adaptation.
Riboflavin and friends: Remarkably versatile vitamins
Authors: Powers H. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHaving been awarded the 2019 British Nutrition Foundation Annual Prize I had looked forward to delivering a lecture to assembled guests at the BNF Annual Day at the Royal College of Physicians in London, in 2020. Unfortunately, this was not to be; the COVID‐19 global pandemic prevented a face‐to‐face meeting, and my talk was delivered remotely. In the paper, I shall summarise some of the research that I have carried out during my career as a nutrition scientist. I shall not dwell in much detail on any single aspect of my work but rather I shall attempt to show how my research interests developed over the decades, how one thing led to another, so to speak. The elements of my work that I have selected, in order to make this short walk together, commence with vitamin B2, riboflavin and a consideration of two particular aspects of function. I then move on to folate in the context of homocysteine metabolism and cardiovascular disease and finally consider the role of this vitamin and other methyl donors in cancer risk and outcome.
Therapeutic approach for myotonic dystrophy: Recent advances in translational research
Authors: Nakamori Masayuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults, caused by unstable genomic expansions of CTG or CCTG repeats. Mutant RNA transcripts containing expanded repeats form ribonuclear foci and cause a toxic gain‐of‐function by perturbing splicing factors in the nucleus, resulting in misregulation of alternative pre‐mRNA splicing, known as “spliceopathy.” The misregulated splicing is thought to be responsible for multisystemic symptoms in DM. Although no curative treatment exists, recent advances in basic and translational research provide clues on therapeutic interventions for DM. Here, the RNA‐mediated molecular pathomechamism and therapeutic approaches targeting the toxic RNA with antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules are reviewed.
Scaling up of Brazil's Criança Feliz early childhood development program: an implementation science analysis
Authors: Buccini Gabriela , Venancio Sonia Isoyama , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo address inequities that prevent socioeconomically vulnerable young children from reaching their full developmental potential, Brazil implemented Programa Criança Feliz (PCF) (“Happy Child” early childhood development program) in 2934 of its 5570 municipalities. A qualitative case study was carried out on the basis of in‐depth interviews with 22 key informants, employing purposive sampling, from past or current national and state coordination teams. Thematic analysis followed the RE‐AIM framework, and complex adaptive system constructs mapped how barriers and enablers influenced scale‐up. One overarching theme related to PCF emergence, and 18 subthemes were identified within the RE‐AIM. An enabling national political environment favored PCF emergence through a top‐down approach that led to governance challenges. Changes in the enrollment criteria for families facilitated reach, and evidence‐based methodology favored the designing of the home visits. However, operationalizing the intersectoral actions remains a barrier for effectiveness, while intrasectoral resistance across levels delayed adoption. WhatsApp facilitated networking, capacity building, and adoption. Rushed scale‐up generated barriers for quality delivery and led to different implementation pathways across municipalities. Legal institutionalization is critical to assure permanent funding and maintenance. PCF has enhanced early childhood services in Brazil, but strong negative feedback loops need to be addressed for effective sustainability.