bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing population diversity in phase III trials of cancer drugs supporting Food and Drug Administration approval in solid tumors
Authors: Yekedüz Emre , Trapani Dario , Xu Wenxin , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Labaki Chris , Gyawali Bishal , Gulati Shuchi , Nabhan Chadi , Utkan Güngör , Curigliano Giuseppe , Choueiri Toni K. , Ürün Yüksel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur study aimed to assess inequities in the clinical trial participation for the selected patient groups. We searched the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database and extracted phase‐III clinical trial data from MEDLINE for each approved drug by the FDA between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2020. We analyzed the inclusion/exclusion criteria, participation according to gender, ethnic group, performance score, the positivity of HBV and HCV, and HIV, having comorbidities and brain metastasis. We compared the findings with that of the general population by retrieving data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We identified 142 phase III pivotal oncology trials that enrolled 105 397 patients. The proportion of female patients in trials was lower than their relative prevalence in the general population from SEER region (36% vs 49.6%, P < .001). The rates of black patients included were lower than their relative prevalence from SEER region (2.1% vs 9.8%, P < .001). 1.3% and 0.8% of patients had HBV and HCV infections, respectively. The patients' numbers with organ dysfunction were not established due to insufficient data from clinical trials. 1.6% of all patients had controlled brain metastasis. Black patients, women and patients with brain metastasis or with HBV and HCV were underrepresented. Our study underscores the importance of expanding the inclusion/exclusion criteria of pivotal oncology trials to be more representative of patients seen in clinical practice.
In this together: Psychological wellbeing of foreign workers in the United Arab Emirates during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Barbato Mariapaola , Thomas Justin 
Published: June 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic and the associated infection prevention and control measures (e.g. quarantine, lockdown and isolation), have had an adverse impact on mental health. To date, the mental health status and challenges of foreign workers during the pandemic have been neglected in the literature. This cross‐sectional web‐based survey assessed levels of post‐traumatic stress, depression, anxiety and insomnia among an international sample of foreign workers (n = 319) resident in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The majority of participants were female (76%), European (69%) and highly educated (83% had a bachelor's or higher degree). Results indicate high rates of post‐traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, especially among women, younger individuals, and those with a previous diagnosis of a psychological disorder. Additionally, foreign workers' perceptions of pandemic severity in their home nations (mild, moderate, severe) were positively correlated with their symptom levels of depression, anxiety and insomnia. Overall, these findings may help inform future public mental health strategy and pandemic preparedness plans with reference to safeguarding the psychological wellbeing of foreign workers.
Evaluation of density functional theory for a large and diverse set of organic and inorganic equilibrium structures
Authors: Karton Amir , Spackman Peter R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) has been extensively benchmarked for energetic properties; however, less attention has been given to equilibrium structures and the effect of using a certain DFT geometry on subsequent energetic properties. We evaluate the performance of 52 contemporary DFT methods for obtaining the structures of 122 species in the W4‐11‐GEOM database. This dataset includes a total of 246 unique bonds: 117 H─X, 65 X─Y, 49 X═Y, and 15 XY bonds (where X and Y are first‐ and second‐row atoms) and 133 key bond angles: 96 X‐Y‐H, 22 X‐Y‐Z, and 15 H‐X‐H angles. The reference geometries are optimized at the CCSD(T)/jul‐cc‐pV(n+d)Z level of theory (n = 5, 6). The performance of DFT is evaluated in conjunction with the Def2‐nZVPP (n = T, Q), cc‐pV(T+d)Z, and jul‐cc‐pV(T+d)Z basis sets. The root‐mean‐square deviations (RMSDs) over the bond distances of the best performing functionals from each rung of Jacob's Ladder are 0.0086 (SOGGA11), 0.0088 (τ‐HCTH), 0.0059 (B3LYP), 0.0054 (TPSSh), and 0.0032 (DSD‐PBEP86) Å. We evaluate the effect of the choice of the DFT geometry on subsequent molecular energies calculated with W1‐F12 theory. Geometries obtained with GGA and MGGA methods result in large RMSDs in the subsequent W1‐F12 energies; however, six hybrid GGA functionals (B3LYP, B3P86, mPW3PBE, B3PW91, mPW1LYP, and X3LYP) result in an excellent performance with RMSDs between 0.25 and 0.30 kJ mol−1relative to the CCSD(T)/CBS reference geometries. The B2GP‐PLYP and mPW2‐PLYP DHDFT methods result in near‐CCSD(T) accuracy with RMSDs of 0.11 and 0.10 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Expression of long non‐coding RNA LUCAT1 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its potential functions in regulating cigarette smoke extract‐induced 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Zhao Shan , Lin Chunyan , Yang Tao , Qian Xiaoyu , Lu Junjie , Cheng Jing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by persistent airflow limitation, was a disease mediated by a combination of inflammatory factors, immune cells, and immune mediators. COPD was an inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving T‐lymphocytes triggered by cigarette smoke and other factors that progressively affected the bronchi, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary blood vessels. LncRNAs were reported to be implicated in COPD pathogenesis and development.MethodsNon‐smokers, smokers (non‐COPD), and COPD patients were randomly selected in an established COPD surveillance cohort. Demographic and clinical information of all subjects were collected. Pulmonary function was measured by post‐bronchodilator testing. qRT‐PCR and ELISA assays were performed to detect the expression levels of lncRNA LUCAT1, miR‐181a‐5p, and inflammatory cytokines. An in vitro exposure model was constructed using cigarette smoke extract (CSE)‐induced human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. The dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays were used to detect the binding relationship between lncRNA LUCAT1 and miR‐181a‐5p; meanwhile, Spearman's correlation assay was used to verify the correlation between lncRNA LUCAT1 and miR‐181a‐5p. Afterward, the lncRNA LUCAT1 silencing plasmid was constructed and co‐transfected with a miR‐181a‐5p inhibitor to evaluate the effects on CSE‐induced 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis. Finally, a Western blot assay was utilized to determine the mechanism of lncRNA LUCAT1/miR‐181a‐5p/Wnt/β‐catenin axis in COPD.ResultsLncRNA LUCAT1 was upregulated in the serums of COPD patients. Correlation analysis further confirmed the strong correlation between LUCAT1 expression and inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis verified the potential of LUCAT1 in COPD diagnosis. After treatment with CSE, LUCAT1 was significantly increased while its target miR‐181a‐5p was decreased in 16HBE cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays showed that LUCAT1 silencing alleviated CSE’s effects on 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mechanically, rescue assays demonstrated that miR‐181a‐5p inhibition could partially counteract the impact of LUCAT1 on COPD progression through the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.ConclusionsLncRNA LUCAT1 may be a valuable indicator for differentiating COPD. Moreover, LncRNA LUCAT1/miR‐181‐5p/Wnt/β‐catenin axis behaved as a critical role in COPD development, shedding new sights for clinical treatment.
Transfusion‐induced platelet antibodies and regulatory T cells in multiply transfused patients
Authors: Song Tiejun , Zhang Ying , Huang Jun , Liu Zhiwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) remains a difficult problem in patients requiring long‐term platelet supportive care. However, there are little data on the frequency of platelet antibodies in multiply transfused Chinese patients. Moreover, the relationship between peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and PTR remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the frequency of alloimmunization against platelet antigens in patients receiving multiple transfusions between 2013 and 2017. Monoclonal antibody solid‐phase platelet antibody test (MASPAT) kits were used to screen for platelet antibodies before each platelet transfusion. Peripheral Tregs and CD4+CD25+CD127− T cells were detected by flow cytometry, while transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) and interleukin (IL)‐17 cytokines were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsA total of 399 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the analysis of platelet antibodies and refractoriness. Among these patients, 10 (2.5%) were positive for platelet antibodies before transfusion and 47 (11.8%) became antibody‐positive during the study period. The number of alloimmunized patients was significantly higher in patients with hematological disease as compared with other disease groups (p < 0.05). Refractoriness and alloimmunization occurred in 77 (19.3%) and 22 (28.6%) patients, respectively. There were no significant differences in CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+CD127− T cell numbers and plasma levels of TGF‐β1 and IL‐17 between patients with PTR and the control group.ConclusionsRefractoriness was common in patients undergoing multiple platelet transfusions (19.3%), with alloimmunization observed in 28.6% of patients. However, Tregs in peripheral blood may not play a key role in PTR.
Predicting suicidal ideation in a longitudinal high‐risk sample: Multilevel analyses and 12‐month trajectories
Authors: Rath Dajana , Teismann Tobias , Hoeller Inken , Glaesmer Heide , Paashaus Laura , Schönfelder Antje , Juckel Georg , Forkmann Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide states that suicidal ideation (SI) results from perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). Cross‐sectional studies found associations with SI. This study examined the prospective prediction of SI.
Methods: Three hundred and eight inpatients reporting severe SI or a recent suicide attempt were assessed four times within 12 months. The prediction of SI was examined using multilevel analyses, group comparisons, and logistic regression analyses.
Results: Cross‐sectionally, PB and TB were associated with SI. Prospectively, neither PB nor TB predicted SI. We found no autocorrelation of SI over time. Patients with persistent and fluctuating SI reported higher PB at T0. PB predicted the persistence of SI over 12 months.
Conclusion: Results emphasize cross‐sectional associations between PB, TB, and SI. PB and TB could not predict the intensity of SI over time. SI did not predict itself over time. PB was associated with a persistent trajectory of SI over 12 months.
Comparing treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction among individuals presenting to psychiatric care with and without recent suicidal ideation
Authors: Hom Melanie A. , Bowers Emily M. , Björgvinsson Thröstur , Beard Courtney 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare pre‐ and posttreatment psychological functioning and patient satisfaction among patients with and without recent suicidal ideation receiving care at a partial hospital program.MethodsPatients (N = 1295) completed (1) self‐report measures of clinical severity, treatment beliefs, and patient satisfaction and (2) a clinician‐administered suicidal ideation measure.ResultsAt admission, patients with past‐month ideation reported more severe psychopathology and functional impairment than those without past‐month ideation; however, at discharge, both groups reported comparable psychological functioning. Additionally, although patients with past‐month ideation reported lower expectations that treatment would be helpful, both groups ultimately reported comparable satisfaction with services.ConclusionIndividuals with recent suicidal ideation may present to care with more severe psychopathology and lower treatment expectations yet may experience comparable treatment benefits and report similar satisfaction with services as patients without recent ideation. Research is needed to identify treatment components that drive perceived benefits and symptom reduction among at‐risk individuals.
Mental health concerns and barriers to care among future clinical psychologists
Authors: Hobaica Steven , Szkody Erica , Owens Sarah A. , Boland Jennifer K. , Washburn Jason J. , Bell Debora J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFew studies have examined the mental health of clinical psychology doctoral students, a unique group given their education and training in psychopathology, assessment, and intervention. Students (N = 912) completed an online survey assessing demographics, mental health, mental healthcare utilization, and barriers to care during graduate school. Nearly 25% of participants reported moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety, 20% reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression or suicidal intent (SI), and more than 10% reported a high risk of alcohol abuse or moderate to severe drug use during graduate school. In comparison to peers, ethnic minority and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) participants reported more symptoms of depression and SI. LGBTQ+ participants reported more nonsuicidal self‐injury and drug use. Participants also experienced significant barriers to receiving mental healthcare (e.g., financial difficulties, limited availability, insufficient time). Leadership is encouraged to prioritize the mental health of clinical psychology doctoral students, which may have implications on their service provision.
Novel insights for the role of nitric oxide in placental vascular function during and beyond pregnancy
Authors: Krause Bernardo J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMore than 30 years have passed since endothelial nitric oxide synthesis was described using the umbilical artery and vein endothelium. That seminal report set the cornerstone for unveiling the molecular aspects of endothelial function. In parallel, the understanding of placental physiology has gained growing interest, due to its crucial role in intrauterine development, with considerable long‐term health consequences. This review discusses the evidence for nitric oxide (NO) as a critical player of placental development and function, with a special focus on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) vascular effects. Also, the regulation of eNOS‐dependent vascular responses in normal pregnancy and pregnancy‐related diseases and their impact on prenatal and postnatal vascular health are discussed. Recent and compelling evidence has reinforced that eNOS regulation results from a complex network of processes, with novel data concerning mechanisms such as mechano‐sensing, epigenetic, posttranslational modifications, and the expression of NO‐ and l‐arginine‐related pathways. In this regard, most of these mechanisms are expressed in an arterial‐venous‐specific manner and reflect traits of the fetal systemic circulation. Several studies using umbilical endothelial cells are not aimed to understand placental function but general endothelial function, reinforcing the influence of the placenta on general knowledge in physiology.
U.S. Genetic counselors’ perceptions of inpatient genetic counseling: A valuable model for medically complex patients
Authors: Clark Cheyla R. , Reyes Kathryn , Ormond Kelly E. , Caleshu Colleen , Moscarello Tia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSome genetic counselors (GCs) provide care in the inpatient setting. However, there is little literature on inpatient genetic counseling. The purpose of our study was to describe GC’s experiences with the provision of genetic counseling services within inpatient care settings. Participants were recruited from respondents to a quantitative survey study on inpatient genetic counseling, which recruited GCs via the National Society of Genetic Counselors forum. GCs seeing at least five inpatients per year were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. The interview guide explored how and why their inpatient genetic counseling service started, workflow, and the perceived impact of the service. Interviews were transcribed, inductive analysis was used to develop a codebook, and thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Twenty‐one inpatient genetic counselors participated in the study. Many participants worked primarily in outpatient roles with some inpatient duties (61.9%), while the rest worked primarily in inpatient roles (38.1%). Most participants have provided inpatient care for <2 years (66.7%). Many participants were involved in inpatient care across multiple specialties (66.7%), most frequently, pediatrics, neonatology, and neurology. Three themes were identified: (a) The convenience of inpatient genetic counseling leads to increased access to appropriate genetics care for medically complex patients and their inpatient healthcare providers, (b) the inpatient genetic counseling process and workflow is not standard and has multiple moving parts, and (c) genetic counselors are fulfilled by the diverse and unique opportunities of the inpatient care setting despite the emotional intensity of this environment. Participants described their inpatient care as valuable because it increases access to genetics services and adds genetics expertise to multidisciplinary inpatient teams. Overall, participants perceive inpatient genetic counseling as a way to bring genetics care directly to patients at a critical time point in their care, which benefits medically complex patients and their multidisciplinary inpatient team.
Molecular biology of the SARs‐CoV‐2 spike protein: A review of current knowledge
Authors: Zhu Chaogeng , He Guiyun , Yin Qinqin , Zeng Lin , Ye Xiangli , Shi Yongzhong , Xu Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has led to an unprecedented worldwide public health emergency. Despite the concerted efforts of the scientific field, by April 25, 2021, SARS‐CoV‐2 had spread to over 192 countries/regions, causing more than 146 million confirmed cases including 31 million deaths. For now, an established treatment for patients with COVID‐19 remains unavailable. The key to tackling this pandemic is to understand the mechanisms underlying its infectivity and pathogenicity. As a predominant focus, the coronavirus spike (S) protein is the key determinant of host range, infectivity, and pathogenesis. Thereby comprehensive understanding of the sophisticated structure of SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein may provide insights into possible intervention strategies to fight this ongoing global pandemic. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the molecular structural and functional features of SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein as well as recent updates on the cell entry mechanism of the SARS‐CoV‐2, paving the way for exploring more structure‐guided strategies against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Evaluation of vitamin D protocol in the neonatal intensive care unit at Rush University Medical Center
Authors: Artman Alexis , Huang Annie , Bowker Rakhee , Cerwinske Leah , Cooper Shaun , Johnson Tricia , Patel Aloka L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2017, the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Rush University Medical Center (RUMC) implemented a protocol to provide individualized vitamin D supplementation dosing for very low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) and very preterm infants. This study evaluated the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors, vitamin D dose, and health indicators, including bone mineral status, measured by alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus levels; linear growth velocity; and occurrence of fractures.MethodThis retrospective cross‐sectional study included 227 VLBW or very preterm infants (34 VLBW, 12 very preterm, and 181 VLBW and very preterm) born in and discharged from the RUMC NICU between February 1, 2017, and October 31, 2019. Vitamin D dose was classified as adjusted (supplemental dose of 800 IU/day, n = 169) or standard (recommended dose of 400 IU/day, n = 58), per the protocol. Binary logistic and linear regression models were constructed to test the associations between infant and maternal characteristics and vitamin D dose group and between vitamin D dose group and health indicators.ResultsThe analysis found a statistically significant association between maternal age, gestational age, infant birth weight, and race/ethnicity and receipt of an adjusted vitamin D dose. No significant associations were found between health indicators and vitamin D dose.ConclusionSociodemographic factors may influence vitamin D deficiency in VLBW and very preterm infants in the NICU. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to support a tailored approach, but further research in this area is warranted.
A comprehensive tool box for large animal studies of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Lee Naomi N. , Salzer Elias , Bach Frances C. , Bonilla Andres F. , Cook James L. , Gazit Zulma , Grad Sibylle , Ito Keita , Smith Lachlan J. , Vernengo Andrea , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Engiles Julie B. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPreclinical studies involving large animal models aim to recapitulate the clinical situation as much as possible and bridge the gap from benchtop to bedside. To date, studies investigating intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and regeneration in large animal models have utilized a wide spectrum of methodologies for outcome evaluation. This paper aims to consolidate available knowledge, expertise, and experience in large animal preclinical models of IVD degeneration to create a comprehensive tool box of anatomical and functional outcomes. Herein, we present a Large Animal IVD Scoring Algorithm based on three scales: macroscopic (gross morphology, imaging, and biomechanics), microscopic (histological, biochemical, and biomolecular analyses), and clinical (neurologic state, mobility, and pain). The proposed algorithm encompasses a stepwise evaluation on all three scales, including spinal pain assessment, and relevant structural and functional components of IVD health and disease. This comprehensive tool box was designed for four commonly used preclinical large animal models (dog, pig, goat, and sheep) in order to facilitate standardization and applicability. Furthermore, it is intended to facilitate comparison across studies while discerning relevant differences between species within the context of outcomes with the goal to enhance veterinary clinical relevance as well. Current major challenges in pre‐clinical large animal models for IVD regeneration are highlighted and insights into future directions that may improve the understanding of the underlying pathologies are discussed. As such, the IVD research community can deepen its exploration of the molecular, cellular, structural, and biomechanical changes that occur with IVD degeneration and regeneration, paving the path for clinically relevant therapeutic strategies.