bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghost Meat
Authors: Belling Catherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ambivalent attraction of feeling horror might explain some paradoxes regarding the consumption of representations of atrocities committed in the real world, in the past, on actual other people. How do horror fictions work in the transmission or exploitation of historical trauma? How might they function as prosthetic memories, at once disturbing and informative to readers who might otherwise not be exposed to those histories at all? What are the ethical implications of horror elicited by fictional representations of historical suffering? This article engages these questions through the reading of Mo Hayder’s 2004 novel The Devil of Nanking. Hayder exploits horror’s appeal and also—by foregrounding the acts of representation, reading, and spectatorship that generate this response—opens that process to critique. The novel may productively be understood as a work of posttraumatic fiction, both containing and exposing the concentric layers of our representational engagement with records of past atrocity. Through such a reading, a spherical rather than linear topology emerges for history itself, a structure of haunted and embodied consumption.
Sweet-and-Sour Soup for the Psyche
Authors: Estok Simon C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExcess signals uncontrolled natural agency and thus provides a key ingredient in horror and ecohorror. Because excess ultimately threatens our agency over matter and meaning, nature comes to threaten the fall and dissolution of humanity, offer an erasure of what it means to be human, and exert a muffling of the very agency that defines our sense of our exceptionalism. Yet horror and ecohorror also enthrall. They do so precisely because they provide a perversely traumatophilic/traumatophobic sensation, a paradoxical presence of opposites that somehow, like sweet-and-sour soup for the psyche, tastes good. We watch or read ecohorror for the attraction and repulsion its various traumas offer. Horror and the disgusting captivate us, reminding us at the same time of our corporeality and its fragility. Slime is central here. Slime is the horror of boundary transgressions, of indefinability, of unstoppability, of corporeal and natural agency. Reactions to slime reveal not only a fear of nature but a fear of women, and understanding theoretical connections between sexism and ecophobia is a critical step toward ending both. Central here is understanding how the balancing between attraction and repulsion, traumatophilia and traumatophobia, produces compelling spectacle that is entertaining but stimulates no activist engagement.
Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-19 in health care professionals in Lima, Peru
Authors: Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Galvez Cesar Augusto , Castro-Alzate Elvis , Bonilla-Asalde Cesar Antonio 
Published: November 2021

Background: Nowadays, we are facing a disease caused by SARS-CoV- 2, known globally as COVID-19, which is considered a threat to global health due to its high contagiousness and rapid spread. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 302 health professionals. An online questionnaire consisting of questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 was applied. Socio- demographic, occupational and comorbidities factors were explored. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with KAP. Results: Of the total, 25.2%, 31.5% and 37.4% had high levels of knowledge, preventive practices and risk perception attitudes respectively. Being married aOR=6.75 CI(1.46-31.2) p=0.014, having a master's degree aOR=0.4, CI(0.21-0.80) p=0.009, having a working day with less than ten hours ORa=0.49 CI(0.25-0.95) p=0.036 and obesity aOR=0.38 CI (0.15-0.95) p=0.039 were associated with a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. The variables associated with preventive practices were being over the age of 50 aOR=0.52 CI(0.27-0.98) p=0.007, working in the hospitalization area aOR=1.86 CI(1.08-3.18) p= 0.018 and having comorbidities such as arterial hypertension aOR=0.28 CI(0.081-0.99) p=0.02 and obesity aOR=0.35 CI(0.14-0.83) p=0.019. In relation to negative attitudes towards COVID-19, it was found that physical contact with patients with a confirmed diagnosis aOR=1.84 CI (1.14-2.97) p=0.006 and having asthma aOR=2.13 CI(1.081-4.22) p=0.029 were associated with these attitudes. Conclusion: Our study revealed that health professionals have an insufficient level of knowledge of COVID-19. This is why we recommend implementing strategies such as health literacy programs among health care workers. Thus, they can help develop positive
Spectrophotometric study of Solvent extraction of Pb (II) and Cd (II) by aminooctyldiphosphonic acid
Authors: Djamila IKHOU , Kaid M'hamed , Hanane ZIANI , Villemein Didier 
Published: November 2021

This study has investigated the solvent extraction of cadmium and lead ions from an aqueous solution in nitrate medium using aminooctyldiphosphonic acid (AODPA) as extractant in chloroform. In order to establish spectrophotometrically the concentration of metal ion in the aqueous phase before and after extraction, the Arsenazo III method was used. The effects of several extraction parameters on the extraction of these metals ions including volume ratio between the aqueous and organic phases (1–5), extraction kinetic time (0–30 min), molar ratio Q (1–5), addition of HNO3 (pH =2–6), addition of KNO3 (0.01 – 1M), temperature (10–40°C) and the synergetic effect by adding TOPO (solvating agent) were evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG0),enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS0) were calculated. Performed experiments showed that Pb (II) can be extracted till 73% when Cd (II) can be recovered completely after two cycles. The extraction of both metallic ions was spontaneous, endothermic and with a slight randomness. Positive synergetic effect was observed at a chelating agent/TOPO ratio of 3. It is a very encouraging result which can lead us to recover cadmium and lower the concentration of lead from wastewater.
МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ПРОГРАММА АМЕРИКАНСКОЙ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ ПОМОЩИ (АРА) В РОССИИ В 1921–1923 ГГ. (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕТРОГРАДА)
Authors: Filippova Maria N. , Romanova Anna N. 
Published: November 2021

Цель. Медицинская программа была важным компонентом помощи голодающему населению России в 1921 – 1923 гг., оказанной Американской Администрацией Помощи (АРА). Цель работы – изучение медицинского направления миссии АРА в Петрограде.
Метод проведения работы. Методологическая основа работы – принципы историзма, системности, научности и объективности. Использованы историко-критический, историко-сравнительный, источниковедческие методы. Изучены документы из Центрального государственного архива Санкт-Петербурга, Государственного архива Российской Федерации (Москва), опубликованные исследования.
Результаты. Медицинскую программу АРА выполняла в сотрудничестве с Полномочным представительством Советского правительства и Наркоматом здравоохранения.
Медицинская программа была единой для всех дистриктов. Руководителями Петроградского дистрикта были врачи Г.К.Уокер и У.Х. Гантт. Mедицинская помощь Петроградского дистрикта АРА охватывала также Карелию, Псков, Череповец, Вологду и Новгород; её стоимость составила 9% от стоимости помощи АРА по всей России.
В Петрограде сохранились местные квалифицированные медики и медучреждения, но не хватало медикаментов и оборудования. Объекты помощи АРА – больницы, детские дома и т. п. Ара провела прививочную компанию против тифа, холеры, оспы. Для обеззараживания городского водоснабжения АРА предоставила хлорную известь.
АРА применяла достижения и принципы современного здравоохранения (системы Пелидизе и Sacratama; врачебный контроль за детьми в столовых, воспитание у людей стандартов гигиены).
Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть полезны современным гуманитарным организациям; могут послужить материалом для научных обобщений в теме помощи АРА, при подготовке учебных материалов по отечественной истории, для развития краеведения.
ЛИНГВОДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ОСВОЕНИЯ МЕЖЪЯЗЫКОВЫХ КОЛЛИЗИЙ В ЯЗЫКАХ РАЗНЫХ ТИПОВ И СИСТЕМ
Authors: Kalabekova Ludmila T. , Saydzhanova Viktoria S. 
Published: November 2021

Цель. Материал настоящей статьи призван скорректировать в аспекте практической дидактики методику восприятия сопоставительно-контрастивных исследований студентами высших учебных заведений.
Научная новизна работы состоит в выводе о том, что при лингводидактическом подходе к контрастивному изучению двух и более языковых культур исследователю всегда следует помнить о том облигаторном условии, что методика обучения должна непременно адаптироваться к целям и задачам учебной деятельности.
Методологической базой статьи стал диалектический принцип единства формы и содержания в двух его ключевых проявлениях: семасиологическом и ономасиологическом. В первом случае в сферу изучения попадают структурные особенности сравниваемых языков. Во втором – категория сопоставления носит чисто семантический характер. Целесообразность привлечения к анализу обеих методик обеспечивает возможность учета специфических характеристик каждой из сопоставляемых лингвосистем.
В результате лингводидактического подхода к освоению межъязыковых коллизий в языках разных типов и систем объектом научного исследования становится конкретный эмпирический материал, направленный на преодоление незначительных погрешностей или даже ошибок, возникающих в иноязычной речи обучающегося как следствие интерференции.
Область применения результатов. Результаты настоящей статьи могут быть использованы для совершенствования методов обучения иностранному языку как неродному в высшей школе.
Resource Allocation Among Competing Innovators
Authors: Gao Pin , Fan Xiaoshuai , Huang Yangguang , Chen Ying-Ju 
Published: November 2021

Many innovative products are designed to satisfy the demand of specific target consumers; thus, the innovators will inevitably compete with each other in the product market. We investigate how a profit-maximizing principal should properly allocate her limited resources to support the innovations of multiple potentially competing innovators. We find that, as the available resources increase, the optimal diversification of investment may first increase and then decrease. This interesting nonmonotone pattern is driven by a trade-off between the risk of innovation failure and rent dissipation because of competition. Using this framework, we also analyze a nonprofit principal seeking to maximize the total number of successful innovations, the probability of at least one innovator succeeding, consumer surplus, and total social welfare. A nonprofit principal tends to invest more diversely compared with a for-profit counterpart. This paper was accepted by Sridhar Tayur, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Anisotropic ZnS:Cr2+ crystal: material for compact and efficient mid-IR tunable lasers
Authors: Kurashkin S. V. , Martynova O. V. , Savin D. V. , Ikonnikov V. B. , Gavrishchuk E. M. , Savikin A. P. 
Published: November 2021

A laser-quality anisotropic

Z
n
S

:

C
r

2
+

element was obtained using prolonged hot isostatic pressing at high temperature. Lasing centered at a wavelength of 2.45 µm was obtained with longitudinal pumping at a wavelength of 1.94 µm. The short-cavity laser slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed power was about 78%. The lasing wavelength was continuously tuned in the range of 2.35–2.52 µm by rotating the Brewster active element around the normal to its surface.
Ultrafast saturable absorption of BiOI nanosheets prepared by chemical vapor transport
Authors: Zhu Haixia , Wang Chang , Xiao Xingcheng , Chen Zhihui , Wang Yingwei , Xiao Si , Li Yejun , He Jun 
Published: November 2021

The saturable absorption properties of BiOI nanosheets with exposed {110} facets
prepared by the chemical vapor transport were investigated by Z-scan
with femtosecond pulse laser. The nonlinear absorption coefficient at
400 nm is stronger and more sensitive to photoexcitation than its
nonlinear response at 800 nm. The small saturation intensity could
have been achieved, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that
of black phosphorus nanosheets, while the

I
m

χ

(
3
)

are determined to be

−

4.35

×

10

−
12

e
s
u

close to theoretical prediction.
According to time-resolved photoluminescence spectrum results, this
strong saturated absorption at 400 nm may be attributed to the
interband recombination process, whose lifetime was 230 ps.
Community control strategies for scabies: A cluster randomised noninferiority trial
Authors: Hardy Myra , Samuela Josaia , Kama Mike , Tuicakau Meciusela , Romani Lucia , Whitfeld Margot J. , King Christopher L. , Weil Gary J. , Schuster Tibor , Grobler Anneke C. , Engelman Daniel , Robinson Leanne J. , Kaldor John M. , Steer Andrew C. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease hyperendemic to many low- and middle-income countries. Scabies can be successfully controlled using mass drug administration (MDA) using 2 doses of ivermectin-based treatment. If effective, a strategy of 1-dose ivermectin-based MDA would have substantial advantages for implementing MDA for scabies at large scale.

Methods and findings
We did a cluster randomised, noninferiority, open-label, 3-group unblinded study comparing the effectiveness of control strategies on community prevalence of scabies at 12 months. All residents from 35 villages on 2 Fijian islands were eligible to participate. Villages were randomised 1:1:1 to 2-dose ivermectin-based MDA (IVM-2), 1-dose ivermectin-based MDA (IVM-1), or screen and treat with topical permethrin 5% for individuals with scabies and their household contacts (SAT). All groups also received diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for lymphatic filariasis control. For IVM-2 and IVM-1, oral ivermectin was dosed at 200 μg/kg and when contraindicated substituted with permethrin. We designated a noninferiority margin of 5%.
We enrolled 3,812 participants at baseline (July to November 2017) from the 35 villages with median village size of 108 (range 18 to 298). Age and sex of participants were representative of the population with 51.6% male and median age of 25 years (interquartile range 10 to 47). We enrolled 3,898 at 12 months (July to November 2018). At baseline, scabies prevalence was similar in all groups: IVM-2: 11.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.5 to 16.0); IVM-1: 15.2% (95% CI 9.4 to 23.8); SAT: 13.6% (95% CI 7.9 to 22.4). At 12 months, scabies decreased substantially in all groups: IVM-2: 1.3% (95% CI 0.6 to 2.5); IVM-1: 2.7% (95% CI 1.1 to 6.5); SAT: 1.1% (95% CI 0.6 to 2.0). The risk difference in scabies prevalence at 12 months between the IVM-1 and IVM-2 groups was 1.2% (95% CI −0.2 to 2.7, p = 0.10). Limitations of the study included the method of scabies diagnosis by nonexperts, a lower baseline prevalence than anticipated, and the addition of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole to scabies treatment.

Conclusions
All 3 strategies substantially reduced prevalence. One-dose was noninferior to 2-dose ivermectin-based MDA, as was a screen and treat approach, for community control of scabies. Further trials comparing these approaches in varied settings are warranted to inform global scabies control strategies.

Trial registration
Clinitrials.gov NCT03177993 and ANZCTR N12617000738325.
Risk factors for physical disability in patients with leprosy disease in Yunnan, China: Evidence from a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Xiaohua , Liu Hong-bing , Shui Tie-Jun , Zha Shun 
Published: November 2021

Background
Leprosy is potentially debilitating. The risk factors related to physical disabilities associated with leprosy disease in Yunnan, China was not clear.

Methodology/Principal findings
We studied 10644 newly detected leprosy patients from Yunnan, China, from 1990 to 2019. Factors associated with Grade 1 (G1D) and Grade 2 (G2D) physical disabilities or overall physical disabilities (combined G1D and G2D) associated with leprosy were analyzed using multinomial and ordinal logistic regression analyses. The following factors were associated with the development of physical disability in these patients with leprosy: delayed diagnosis [odds ratio (OR): 5.652, 4.399, and 2.275; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 4.516–7.073, 3.714–5.212, and 2.063–2.509; for ≥ 10, 5–10 y, and 2–5 years, respectively], nerve damage (OR: 3.474 and 2.428; 95% CI: 2.843–4.244, and 1.959–3.008; for 2 and 1 damaged nerves, respectively), WHO classification of PB (OR: 1.759; 95% CI: 1.341–2.307), Ridley-Jopling classification (OR: 1.479, 1.438, 1.522 and 1.239; 95% CI: 1.052–2.079, 1.075–1.923, 1.261–1.838, and 1.072–1.431; for TT, BT, BB, and BL when compared with LL, respectively), advanced age (OR: 1.472 and 2.053; 95% CI: 1.106–1.960 and 1.498–2.814; for 15–59 and over 60 years old, respectively), zero skin lesions (OR: 1.916; 95% CI: 1.522–2.413), leprosy reaction (OR: 1.528; 95% CI: 1.195–1.952), rural occupation (OR: 1.364; 95% CI: 1.128–1.650), Han ethnicity (OR: 1.268; 95% CI: 1.159–1.386), and male sex (OR: 1.128; 95% CI: 1.024–1.243).

Conclusions
Delayed diagnosis, nerve damage, no skin lesions, WHO and Ridley-Jopling classifications, leprosy reactions, advanced age, rural occupation, Han ethnicity, and male sex were associated with disability in leprosy patients. Identifying risk factors could help to prevent physical disability.
Societal Constitutionalism: Background, Theory, Debates
Authors: Golia Angelo Jr , Teubner Gunther 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article provides a systematic outline and refinement of societal constitutionalism (SC), one of the frameworks emerged in contemporary legal theory to analyse constitutional phenomena. After an introduction in Section 1, Section 2 summarises SC’s theoretical background, namely the debates on the Economic Constitution (2.1), legal pluralism (2.2), systems theory (2.3), and the work of David Sciulli (2.4). Section 3 explains SC’s analytical limb, which on the one hand criticises some tenets of state-centred constitutionalism (3.1); and on the other hand identifies functions, arenas, processes, and structures of a constitutionalised social system (3.2). Section 4 turns to SC’s normative limb, pointing to some constitutional strategies that increase social systems’ capacities of self-limitation (4.1); and develop a law of inter-constitutional collisions (4.2). Section 5 addresses the main competing approaches and criticisms, which are based on state-centred constitutionalism (5.1); on international/global constitutionalism (5.2); and on contestatory/material constitutionalism (5.3).
A Review on the Material Development and Corresponding Properties for Power Plant Applications
Authors: Patil Jeet P. , Paliwal Manas , Mishra Sushil K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Over the past decade, increased demand for energy generation at affordable rates and in a clean state has been the driving force for material development for energy generation. In developing countries, coal-fired thermal power plants are the major source of electricity generation. However, coal-fired plants induce a higher carbon footprint and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, several strategies have been formulated to mitigate environmental pollution while maintaining high energy output. This review comprehensively presents the historical material development process that led to an increase in the efficiency of a coal-fired power plant. Candidate material identification and application, essential alloying elements, and their impact on service life are comprehensively reviewed. Adapting the ultra-supercritical (USC) and advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) power generation technology requires the development of new alloys that can withstand harsh operating conditions (700–725°C and 25–35 MPa), which demands the replacement of conventional materials (ferritic/austenitic steel) with better ones. The candidate alloys should be evaluated across several key issues such as high-temperature material response to loading, creep strength, high-temperature oxidation, and component fabricability. The evaluation of creep strength data suggests that nickel-based alloys like Inconel alloy 282 are preferred because of the high stability of the γ′ phase. Moreover, at higher temperatures, nickel-based alloys are preferred over ferritic/austenitic steel alloys because of their superior corrosion resistance. The fireside corrosion and high-temperature oxidation resistance are governed by the formation of different oxide layers depending on the temperature, pressure, and alloy content. Furthermore, the weldability of different candidate alloys is discussed in detail, along with the microstructural evolution in the heat-affected zone. This review also focuses on the cost of constructing a greenfield USC/A-USC power plant. Lastly, a perspective on new alloy development for A-USC/USC application is presented, and the microstructure and property relationships of these alloys are discussed.
Seed integrity, effect of temperature and storage time on germination of <em>Populus luziarum</em> and <em>P. primaveralepensis</em>, endangered subtropical species from Mexico
Authors: Jacobo-Pereira César , Muñiz-Castro Miguel Ángel , Vázquez-García J. Antonio , Flores Rivas Joel David , Muñoz-Urias Alejandro , Huerta-Martínez Francisco Martín 
Published: November 2021

Background: Populus luziarum and P. primaveralepensis are endemic species of western Mexico; growing in riparian forests they are critically endangered. The best way to conserve their seeds is unknown, which could be limiting for their conservation.
Hypothesis: The germinability of both subtropical species is like that of boreal and template Salicaceae species that disperse seeds in spring and early summer, as they germinate quickly with high percentages, and rapidly lose their viability when stored at ambient temperature.
Studied species: Populus luziarum and P. primaveralepensis.
Study site and dates: Western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Jalisco, Mexico. October 2019.
Methods: The physical integrity of the seeds was assessed by X-ray imaging and compared with germinability. In addition, the effect of storage time (nine weeks) under two temperatures (4 and 21 °C) on the percentage and mean germination rate was evaluated.
Results: No significant differences were found between physical integrity and germination in freshly collected seeds for both species. Germination in the first 24 hrs was 91 and 95 % for Populus luziarum and P. primaveralepensis, respectively (week 0). Germination percentages were lower when stored at 21 °C, but P. primaveralepensis was decreased more slowly.
Conclusions: Seeds of subtropical Populus respond similarly to those of species from temperate and boreal climates with early seed dispersal, a crucial condition for establishing ex situ reforestation and conservation programs.