bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of atrioesophageal fistula resulting from atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Della Rocca Domenico G. , Magnocavallo Michele , Natale Veronica N. , Gianni Carola , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Trivedi Chintan , Lavalle Carlo , Forleo Giovanni B. , Tarantino Nicola , Romero Jorge , Zhang Xiadong , Bassiouny Mohamed , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Burkhardt David J. , Gallinghouse Joseph G. , Sanchez Javier E. , Horton Rodney P. , Di Biase Luigi , Natale Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtrioesophageal fistula (AEF) is a worrisome complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Its clinical manifestations and time course are unpredictable and may contribute to diagnostic and treatment delays. We conducted a systematic review of all available cases of AEF, aiming at characterizing clinical presentation, time course, diagnostic pitfalls, and outcomes.MethodsThe digital search retrieved 150 studies containing 257 cases, 238 (92.6%) of which with a confirmed diagnosis of AEF and 19 (7.4%) of pericardioesophageal fistula.ResultsThe median time from ablation to symptom onset was 21 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 11–28). Neurological abnormalities were documented in 75% of patients. Compared to patients seen by a specialist, those evaluated at a walk‐in clinic or community hospital had a significantly greater delay between symptom onset and hospital admission (median: 2.5 day [IQR: 1–8] vs. 1 day [IQR: 1–5); p = .03). Overall, 198 patients underwent a chest scan (computed tomography [CT]: 192 patients and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]: 6 patients), 48 (24.2%; 46 CT and 2 MRI) of whom had normal/unremarkable findings. Time from hospital admission to diagnostic confirmation was significantly longer in patients with a first normal/unremarkable chest scan (p < .001). Overall mortality rate was 59.3% and 26.0% survivors had residual neurological deficits at the time of discharge.ConclusionsSince healthcare professionals of any specialty might be involved in treating AEF patients, awareness of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic pitfalls, and time course, as well as an early contact with the treating electrophysiologist for a coordinated interdisciplinary medical effort, are pivotal to prevent diagnostic delays and reduce mortality.
Age‐dissimilar couple relationships: 25 years in review
Authors: McKenzie Lara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis review explores research over the past quarter century on couples with age differences. I present recent global trends in age‐dissimilar couplings, illustrating a shift away from statistical marriage studies focusing on relationships' motivations, inequalities, and challenges, and largely underpinned by biological, economic, or demographic outlooks. Since the last review of age‐dissimilar couples in 1993, there have been substantive qualitative developments. Scholarship looking beyond Euro‐American contexts is increasingly common, as are approaches examining class, race, sexuality, culture, religion, and nationality, as well as age, marital status, education, and employment. This transformation informs new perspectives on power and partner choice. I argue that research now needs more fluid definitions of age differences, greater range in qualitative studies' geographies and methodologies, and continued consideration of the life course and intersecting differences. Examinations of age‐dissimilar couples should thus focus on these relationships' varied configurations, explored through a range of social analyses.
RAB27A‐dependent release of exosomes by liver cancer stem cells induces Nanog expression in their differentiated progenies and confers regorafenib resistance
Authors: Huang Hongxia , Hou Jue , Liu Kewei , Liu Qin , Shen Liting , Liu Biying , Lu Qian , Zhang Ni , Che Linrong , Li Jinyang , Jiang Shan , Wang Bin , Wen Qinglian , Hu Lu , Gao Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimRegorafenib is a potent multikinase inhibitor for the second‐line targeted therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, drug resistance is emerging in clinical settings. Although cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as key determinate of drug sensitivity, it remains unclear how CSCs may communicate with the differentiated counterparts (non‐CSC) to dictate therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, we sought to investigate the regorafenib resistance mechanism of CSCs in HCC.MethodsWe used sphere formation and soft agar colony formation assays to evaluate the stemness capacity of cancer cells. Cell viability assay was performed to detect the sensitivity of cancer cells to regorafenib. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to analyze gene expression. Mouse xenograft tumor model was performed to assess Regorafenib sensitivity in vivo.ResultsExosomes are highly enriched in CSC supernatant compared with that of non‐CSC, and RAB27A mediates exosome secretion from CSCs to maintain stem‐like phenotype and regorafenib insensitivity. Moreover, exosomes released by CSCs upregulate the expression of Nanog in non‐CSC, while depleting Nanog sensitizes non‐CSC to regorafenib in the presence of CSC exosomes. Consistently, analysis of TCGA datasets reveals that RAB27A expression tightly correlates with Nanog in HCC tissues. More importantly, depletion of RAB27A downregulates Nanog expression and sensitizes cancer cells to regorafenib in nude mice.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CSCs release exosomes in a RAB27A‐dependent manner to induce Nanog expression and regorafenib resistance in differentiated cells, targeting this exosome signaling between distinct cellular subsets may be a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.
Prevention of false smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) on rice hybrids and pure‐line cultivars by manipulating planting date
Authors: Lore Jagjeet Singh , Jain Jyoti , Kumar Sanjay , Kamboj Ishwinder , Khanna Renu , Dhillon Buta Singh , Zaidi Najam W. , Singh Uma S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFalse smut of rice is an emerging disease and a potential threat to hybrids and inbred rice cultivars grown in Asian countries. The aim of the study was to avoidance of false smut incidence by manipulating the planting date in rice. The genotypes including five rice hybrids, namely, KRH 2, US 312, DRRH 3, PHB 71, PA 6644 and three pure‐line cultivars, namely, BPT 5204, PR 116 and HKR 47 were evaluated in different planting dates (PD1: June 25, PD2: July 5, PD3: July 15). All the tested genotypes flowered during 100–110 days, except BPT 5204, which took 115 days to flower. False smut was quantified on rice genotypes using different disease variables such as infected panicle/plant, total false smut ball/plant and disease score. Disease variables were significantly and positively correlated to each other. The significant interaction between the genotype and planting date was observed. The early planting date (June 25) showed higher incidence than late planting (July 15). Overall mean of disease variables was higher in hybrids than pure‐line cultivars. Weather factors such as rainfall, rainy days and high relative humidity during the flowering period were favourable for disease development. The manipulation in the planting date can be utilized as a potential non‐monetary cultural approach for minimizing the incidence of false smut in rice. Cultivar HKR 47 with lower disease variables in different planting date can be used in diseases resistance breeding program.
Genomic breed composition of Ningxiang pig via different SNP panels
Authors: Gao Zhendong , Zhang Yuebo , Li Zhi , Zeng Qinhua , Yang Fang , Song Yuexiang , Song Yukun , He Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe genomic breed composition (GBC) reflects the genetic relationship between individual animal and ancestor breeds in composite or hybrid breeds. Also, it can estimate the genomic contribution of each breed (ancestor) to the genome of each individual animal. Using genomic SNP information to estimate Ningxiang pig GBC is of great significance. First of all, GBC was widely used in cattle and had significant effects, but there is almost no using experience in Chinese endemic pig breeds. Importantly, High‐density SNPs are expensive but can be economized by deploying a relatively small number of highly informative SNP scattered evenly across the genome. Moreover, the impact of low‐density SNPs selection strategy on estimating the GBC of individual animals has not been fully explained. Using SNP data from different databases and organizations, we established reference (N = 2015) and verification (N = 302) data sets. Twelve successively smaller SNP panels (500, 1K, 5K, 10K) were built from those SNP in the reference data by three selection methods (uniform, maximized the Euclidean distance (MED) and random distribution method). For each panel, the GBC of Ningxiang pigs in the reference dataset was estimated. Then combining Shannon entropy and the GBC results, the optimal panel (the 10K SNP panel constructed by MED method) was picked out to estimate the GBC of verification Ningxiang pig, which detected that 230 individuals were purebred Ningxiang pigs and the remaining 72 impure individuals contained 6.44% blood related with Rongchang pigs and 4.09% with Bamaxiang pigs in the verification Ningxiang population. Finally, the genetic structure analysis of verification population was performed combining with the results of GBC, multi‐dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. These results showed: (a) GBC could accurately identify purebred Ningxiang pigs and, scientifically, calculate the genomic contribution of each breed of each hybrid animal. (b) GBC could carry out population genetic structure and understand the genetic background of Ningxiang pigs.Such findings highlight a variety of opportunities to better protect and identify other endangered local breeds in China facing the same situation as Ningxiang pig and provide more accurate, economical and efficient new technical support in GBC estimation breeding work.
Puppyhood diet as a factor in the development of owner‐reported allergy/atopy skin signs in adult dogs in Finland
Authors: Hemida Manal B. M. , Salin Siru , Vuori Kristiina A. , Moore Robin , Anturaniemi Johanna , Rosendahl Sarah , Barrouin‐Melo Stella Maria , Hielm‐Björkman Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs necessitates research in its disease etiology.ObjectivesTo explore the association between puppyhood dietary exposures and prevalence of owner‐reported allergy/atopy skin signs (AASS) after the age of 1 year.AnimalsFour thousand and twenty‐two dogs were eligible, 1158 cases, and 2864 controls.MethodsThis cross‐sectional hypothesis‐driven observational study was extracted from the DogRisk food frequency questionnaire. Forty‐six food items and the ratio of 4 major diet types were tested for their association with AASS incidence later in life. Potential puppyhood dietary risk factors for AASS incidence were specified using binary multivariable logistic regression. The model was adjusted for age and sex.ResultsEating raw tripe (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals OR, 95% CI = 0.36, 0.16‐0.79; P = .01), raw organ meats (OR, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.08‐0.67; P = .007), human meal leftovers, and fish oil supplements as well as eating more that 20% of the diet as raw and/or <80% of the diet as dry, in general, were associated with significantly lower AASS incidence in adulthood. In contrast, dogs fed fruits (OR, 95% CI = 2.01, 1.31‐3.07; P = .001), mixed‐oil supplements, dried animal parts, and dogs that drank from puddles showed significantly higher AASS incidence in adulthood.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePuppyhood exposure to raw animal‐based foods might have a protective influence on AASS incidence in adulthood, while puppyhood exposure to mixed oils, heat processed foods and sugary fruits might be a potential risk factor of AASS incidence later. The study suggests a causal relationship but does not prove it.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new phytotherapic blend to treat acute externa otitis in dogs
Authors: Vercelli Cristina , Pasquetti Mario , Giovannetti Giovanni , Visioni Sara , Re Giovanni , Giorgi Mario , Gambino Graziana , Peano Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCanine otitis externa is frequently encountered in veterinary practice, caused by primary factors with bacteria and yeast overgrowth acting as secondary and perpetuating factors. The pharmacological support includes anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobials, and antimycotic drugs, but therapeutic failure and antimicrobial resistance are leading to alternative strategies based on phytotherapic products. This study aimed to evaluate an essential oil blend (Otogen®) to treat otitis externa in dogs. The experimental design was divided in: (a) an in vitro approach, based on the European Normative UNI EN 1275:2006, to assess the efficacy of the product against the most frequently isolated microorganisms during otitis externa. (b) an in vivo part, 12 owned dogs presenting with acute otitis externa were enrolled. A significant growth reduction (>99.9%) of Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida albicans after 15 min of contact and Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 1 h of incubation was recorded. For Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, 50% of growth reduction were appreciated after 15 min. Results obtained in vivo after 7 days of blend administration, noted a significant improvement of all the considered parameters (most important were head shaking, erythema, and scraping). The results obtained may support the usefulness of the tested phytotherapic blend to manage acute otitis externa in dogs.
The effective sample size for multivariate spatial processes with an application to soil contamination
Authors: Vallejos Ronny , Acosta Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEffective sample size accounts for the equivalent number of independent observations contained in a sample of correlated data. This notion has been widely studied in the context of univariate spatial variables. In that case, the effective sample size determines the reduction in the sample size due to the existing spatial correlation. In this paper, we generalize the methodology for multivariate spatial variables to provide a common effective sample size when all variables have been measured at the same locations. Together with the definition, we provide examples to investigate what an effective sample size looks like. An application for a soil contamination data set is considered. To reduce the dimensions of the process, clustering techniques are applied to obtain three bivariate vectors that are modeled using coregionalization models. Because the sample size of the data set is moderate and the locations are very unevenly distributed in the study area, the spatial analysis is challenging and interesting. We find that due to the presence of spatial autocorrelation, the sample size can be reduced by 38.53%, avoiding the duplication of information.Recommendations for Resource Managers:Before carrying out a sample survey with georeferenced data, it is essential to consider the impact of spatial correlation on sample size calculations.When the nature of the problem requires multivariate characteristics analysis, we provide a methodology to evaluate the effective sample size from a multivariate perspective.If the sample size is large, the effective sample size allows us to define the size of the subsample that should be used to preserve the theoretical properties of the estimation of the mean.
Understanding the bright side and the dark side of telework: An empirical analysis of working conditions and psychosomatic health complaints
Authors: Wöhrmann Anne Marit , Ebner Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the course of digitisation, work away from the principal office using information and communications technology (telework, telecommuting, and mobile work) has established itself in various segments of the labour market. Still, the impact of telework on employees’ health is far from clear and is often controversially discussed at the individual, organisational and political level—but also in social research. Against this background, we analyse the effects of telework on employees’ psychosomatic health complaints with the help of large‐scale and representative German survey data. Applying the statistical method of path analysis, we find indirect relationships between telework and employees’ health via working time control, time pressure, boundaryless working hours, relationships with coworkers, and disturbances and interruptions. These findings add to the debate on the beneficial and detrimental effects of digitisation by focusing on significant working conditions related to telework.
Can biomarkers be used to improve diagnosis and prediction of metabolic syndrome in childhood cancer survivors? A systematic review
Authors: Pluimakers Vincent G. , van Santen Selveta S. , Fiocco Marta , Bakker Marie‐Christine E. , van der Lelij Aart J. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Neggers Sebastian J. C. M. M. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryChildhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk to develop metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Common criteria underestimate adiposity and possibly underdiagnose MetS, particularly after abdominal radiotherapy. A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis on the diagnostic and predictive value of nine newer MetS related biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, uric acid, hsCRP, TNF‐alpha, IL‐1, IL‐6, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and lipoprotein(a) [lp(a)]) in survivors and adult non‐cancer survivors was performed by searching PubMed and Embase. Evidence was summarized with GRADE after risk of bias evaluation (QUADAS‐2/QUIPS). Eligible studies on promising biomarkers were pooled. We identified 175 general population and five CCS studies. In the general population, valuable predictive biomarkers are uric acid, adiponectin, hsCRP and apoB (high level of evidence), and leptin (moderate level of evidence). Valuable diagnostic biomarkers are hsCRP, adiponectin, uric acid, and leptin (low, low, moderate, and high level of evidence, respectively). Meta‐analysis showed OR for hyperuricemia of 2.94 (age‐/sex‐adjusted), OR per unit uric acid increase of 1.086 (unadjusted), and AUC for hsCRP of 0.71 (unadjusted). Uric acid, adiponectin, hsCRP, leptin, and apoB can be alternative biomarkers in the screening setting for MetS in survivors, to enhance early identification of those at high risk of subsequent complications.
A Sequence‐Analysis Approach to the Study of the Transition to Adulthood in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Pesando Luca Maria , Barban Nicola , Sironi Maria , Furstenberg Frank F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates whether young people in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have experienced processes of destandardization of the life course similar to those observed in high‐income societies. We provide two contributions to the relevant literature. First, we use data from 263 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) across 69 LMICs, offering the richest comparative account to date of women's transition to adulthood (TTA) patterns in the developing world. In so doing, we adopt sequence analysis and shift the focus from individual life‐course events—namely first sexual intercourse, first union, and first birth—to a visually appealing approach that allows us to describe interrelations among events. By focusing on the analysis of trajectories rather than the occurrence of single events, the study provides an in‐depth focus on the timing of events, time intervals between events, and how experiencing (or not) one event might have consequences for subsequent markers in the TTA in cross‐national comparative perspective. Second, we identify clusters of TTA and explore their changes across cohorts by region and household location of residence (rural vs. urban). We document significant differences by macro‐regions, yet relative stability across cohorts. We interpret the latter as suggestive of cultural specificities that make the TTA resistant to change and slow to converge across regions, if converging at all. Also, we find that much of the difference across cluster typologies ensues from variation related to when the transition begins (early vs. late), rather than from the duration between events, which tends to be uniformly quick across three out of four clusters.
Financial manager professionalism and use of interfund transfers: Evidence from Georgia counties
Authors: Lofton Michelle L. , Ivonchyk Mikhail 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPublic managers strategically use resources to smooth out cash receipts and disbursements. As a cash flow management tool, managers can use interfund transfers, which are flows of assets without equivalent return flows and without repayment. This study asserts that managerial professionalism, in the form of a full‐time finance director, drives the likelihood of interfund transfers. Using 2010–2017 data from Georgia counties, hurdle model results indicate that full‐time finance directors are more likely to use interfund transfers and increase their level. This finding demonstrates the role of financial management expertise in increasing the strategic options available to manage cash flows.Applications for Practice

Local governments with a full‐time finance director use more interfund transfers as one working capital management strategy to manage cash flows.
Results from this study provide a justification for local governments to hire a full‐time finance director to improve the array of financial management strategies accessed.
Local governments that increase tax base diversity have reduced engagement for General fund interfund transfers in, while higher levels of reported cash generate larger amounts of transfer activity.
Bannayan‐Riley‐Ruvalcaba syndrome with gingival hyperpigmentation and facial papules
Authors: Niklinska Eva B. , Lyons Eden Marie , Hicks Alexander , Zwerner Jeffrey P. , Albers Sharon E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the distinctive cutaneous manifestations of Bannayan‐Riley‐Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), a PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, is penile pigmented macules. We present a 13‐year‐old boy with gingival hyperpigmentation along with facial and ear angiofibromas in the context of a BRRS‐concordant phenotype and PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome genotype. To our knowledge, these two findings have not been previously reported with BRRS and may expand the known phenotype of this disorder.
Bivalirudin for the prevention of hepatic artery thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Craig‐Schapiro Rebecca , Banc‐Husu Anna M. , Taylor Sarah A. , Bercovitz Rachel S. , Lemoine Caroline P. , Superina Riccardo A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) after liver transplantation is a serious complication that frequently results in graft loss and the need for retransplantation. Although studies have reported on various operative and endovascular treatment approaches, pharmacologic strategies for the prevention or management of HAT are not well defined. Patients with blood clotting disorders, those with a contraindication to heparin, and those who have previously developed HAT represent unique challenges in management.MethodsWe present the case of a 9‐month‐old male with a hypercoagulable state who developed early HAT after two liver transplants, despite the use of postoperative therapeutic heparin infusion.Results and ConclusionThe patient successfully underwent a third liver transplant using intraoperative and postoperative bivalirudin infusion, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was used to guide anticoagulation and blood product administration in the perioperative period. At 1.5 years post‐transplant, the patient has good graft function with patent hepatic vasculature. This case demonstrates the innovative use of bivalirudin anticoagulant therapy and viscoelastic methodologies to improve outcomes in hypercoagulable liver transplant recipients.