bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia—A historical perspective
Authors: Allen Julian , Panitch Howard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was first described by Northway et al in 1967. This article describes the evolution of our understanding of the pathophysiology of BPD and the approaches to treatments of this illness developed over the past fifty years. These interventions had their roots in the understanding of the principles of the surface tension present at air–liquid interfaces, which were developed over 150 years before BPD's initial description. Improving outcomes in neonatal care have led to greater survival of preterm and very preterm infants, and to an evolution of the pathogenesis and pathology of BPD, from an illness caused primarily by barotrauma and oxygen toxicity to one of interruption of lung development. While the incidence of BPD has remained about the same in recent decades, this is because survival of infants born at lower gestational ages is increasing. Understanding of molecular, genetic and physiologic mechanisms has led to newer treatments that have mitigated some of the harmful effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation. Recognition of BPD as a chronic multi‐system disease has resulted in further improvements in care after discharge from neonatal intensive care. Since many of the origins of chronic obstructive lung disease in adults are based in childhood respiratory illnesses, improving outcomes of BPD in infancy and childhood will undoubtedly lead to improved respiratory outcomes in the adults that these children will become.
Quantification of BNN27, a novel neuroprotective 17‐spiroepoxy dehydroepiandrosterone derivative in the blood and retina of rodents, after single intraperitoneal administration
Authors: Tsika Chrysanthi , Tzatzarakis Manolis N. , Antimisiaris Sophia G. , Tsoka Pavlina , Efstathopoulos Paschalis , Charalampopoulos Ioannis , Gravanis Achille , Tsilimbaris Miltiadis K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBNN27 is a novel 17‐spiroepoxy derivative of the neurosteroid Dehydroepiandrosterone with neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was the detection and quantification of BNN27 after single intraperitoneal administration, in the serum and retina of normal rodents. Forty‐two C57BL/6 mice and 48 Sprague–Dawley rats were used for the quantification of BNN27 in the blood serum and retina, respectively. BNN27 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at concentrations of 100 and 30 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), respectively. The blood was collected with retro‐orbital bleeding and the retina was isolated after enucleation at various time points. The molecule concentrations were measured with Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Non‐compartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. BNN27 was found to have an elimination constant kel = 0.465 h−1 and mean residence time (MRT) 2.154 h in the mouse serum. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in the retina was detected at 2 h () after intraperitoneal administration and was equal to 1100 ng/g. BNN27 is rapidly eliminated from both blood and retina. In the retina specifically, it is undetectable 6 h after injection. BNN27 shows a rapid systemic elimination as anticipated by its small size and lipophilicity. It is measurable in small peripheral tissues such as the rat retina, after one single i.p. injection, using a simple method such as LC‐MS. Its detection in the retina corroborates the existing biological data that the molecule crosses the blood–retinal barrier, highlighting it as a potential neuroprotective agent for retinal disease.
Learnings from over a decade of increasing pesticide resistance in the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker)
Authors: Arthur Aston L , Maino James , Hoffmann Ary A , Jasper Moshe , Lord Alan , Micic Svetlana , Edwards Owain , van Rooyen Anthony , Umina Paul A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), is a destructive and economically important pest of winter grain crops and pastures in Australia. It is largely controlled by pesticides, but this mite has evolved resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate chemicals. A national Resistance Management Strategy has been developed for pro‐active management to delay further resistance evolution, though its success is reliant on a detailed understanding of the incidence, patterns of spread, current distribution and the nature of resistance in the field. Here, we report on a long‐term resistance surveillance programme undertaken between 2006 and 2019 informed by resistance risk forecasting.RESULTSBy mapping the Australian distribution of resistance through time, we show that resistance is present across three Australian states and covers more than 3000 km. This current range includes a recently identified population exhibiting organophosphate resistance representing the most easterly location of resistance in H. destructor. Using field history information, we identify associations for the first time between crop management practices employed by farmers and the presence of pyrethroid resistance. Management strategies that could minimize the risk of further resistance include limiting local spread of resistance through farm hygiene practices, crop rotations and reducing pesticide usage.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights the challenges of resistance in H. destructor but also indicates how quantitative resistance risk analysis can be developed to target field surveillance and delay further resistance. The management strategies highlighted in this study can help maintain the effectiveness of control options but will depend on farmer engagement and adoption.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Aphidophagous hoverflies reduce foxglove aphid infestations and improve seed set and fruit yield in sweet pepper
Authors: Moerkens Rob , Boonen Sten , Wäckers Felix L , Pekas Apostolos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLarvae of many hoverfly species prey upon aphids, whereas the adults, by relying on nectar and pollen, contribute to the pollination of many plant species. Despite their great potential for pest control and pollination, important gaps still exist regarding the efficacy of hoverflies in regulating infestations of major aphid pests in augmentative biological control programs. Here, we tested the potential of the commercially available hoverflies Eupeodes corollae and Sphaerophoria rueppellii to regulate populations of the foxglove aphid Aulacorthum solani in sweet pepper.RESULTSIn a semi‐field experiment, aphid numbers were 93.2% and 78.4% lower in the E. corollae and S. rueppellii treatments, respectively, compared to the control. Fruit yield was increased by 390% and 361% and seed set by 395% and 399% for E. corollae and S. rueppellii. In a separate laboratory trial, we found that under conditions of limited prey, hoverfly larvae did not complete development, but that larvae of S. rueppellii survived significantly longer than larvae of E. corollae.CONCLUSIONWe have shown for the first time that E. corollae and S. rueppellii can reduce infestations of foxglove aphid in sweet pepper. The limited amount of prey, related to the small size of the A. solani colonies, means that hoverfly larvae were often not able to complete development. In practice, repeated releases of hoverflies, possibly in combination with other natural enemies, might be used to achieve effective suppression of A. solani infestations.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of rodenticide bait stations by commensal rodents at the urban–wildland interface: Insights for management to reduce nontarget exposure
Authors: Burke Christopher B , Quinn Niamh M , Stapp Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPest management professionals use anticoagulant rodenticides, usually placed in tamper‐resistant bait stations, to control commensal rodents, but significant concerns remain about exposure of nontarget species, especially at the urban–wildland interface. We deployed digital cameras to monitor use of bait stations placed in 90 residential yards across Orange County, California, USA. Two bait stations, supplied with nontoxic bait, were monitored in each yard for approximately 30 consecutive days during two camera‐trapping sessions between December 2017 and March 2019. One station was placed on the ground, while the other was elevated 1–1.5 m to determine if elevating stations could reduce nontarget exposure.RESULTSBlack rats (Rattus rattus L.) were present at 80% of sites, with mean activity ranging from 0 to 9.6 h each night. There were no significant differences between elevated and ground stations in the time to discovery, time to bait station entry, or nightly activity of rats. Rats discovered bait stations more quickly, and mean nightly activity was greater, in yards where rats were detected more frequently. Although native rodents visited and entered bait stations occasionally, they were relatively rare among our sites (13.3%), and were detected five times less often at elevated stations compared to those on the ground. Yards visited by these rodents were significantly nearer to areas of green open space and natural vegetation, and tended to have no significant barriers to entry, e.g. solid fences or walls.CONCLUSIONSBy elevating bait stations and avoiding placing rodenticides in yards that are likely to be visited by wildlife, pest management professionals may be able to reduce the risk of nontarget exposure, including secondary poisoning of predators and scavengers, while still providing effective control of commensal pests. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Molecular engineering of triphenylamine‐based metal‐free organic dyes for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Pakravesh Faezeh , Izadyar Mohammad , Arkan Foroogh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the photovoltaic properties of the organic dyes based on triphenylamine having a D‐π‐A structure including TC201, TC202, TC203, TC601, H‐P, F‐P, FF‐P, T‐F, and P1B were investigated theoretically. In this model, triphenylamine was used as an electron donor, cyanoacrylic acid, and benzoic acid as the electron acceptors, and anthracene phenyl, anthracene vinyl phenyl, anthracene ethynyl phenyl, ethynyl anthracene phenyl, styryl phenyl, styryl‐2‐fluorophenyl, styryl‐2,6‐difluorophenyl, styryl furan, and styryl as the π‐conjugated systems. The results show that a change in the π‐conjugated system and electron acceptor affect the properties of the dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Also, TC601 dye having the ethynyl anthracene phenyl π‐conjugated system shows the highest charge transfer distance (DCT) and the least overlap of the electron–hole distribution (S) in comparison with other dyes. Moreover, the presence of a triple bond in the vicinity of triphenylamine increases the resonance effect of the π‐electrons that facilitates the process of charge transfer in this dye. Spectroscopic analysis shows that H‐P and F‐P dyes have the higher molecular absorption coefficients and TC202, TC203, F‐P, and T‐F dyes show a red shift in comparison with other dyes. Moreover, the voltage–current curve of the studied dyes shows that the highest values of the open circuit voltage and short circuit current density are related to P1B and TC601 dyes, respectively. Finally, TC601 and P1B are proposed as the best candidates to be used in the DSSCs due to their maximum incident photon to current conversion efficiency.
Robotic posterior capsule polishing by optical coherence tomography image guidance
Authors: Gerber Matthew J. , Hubschman Jean‐Pierre , Tsao Tsu‐Chin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn cataract surgery, polishing of the posterior capsule (PC) can lead to improved surgical outcomes but is currently avoided due to its high‐risk nature. This work developed a robotic system capable of performing PC polishing on ex vivo pig eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance.MethodsThe lenses of five ex vivo pig eyes were extracted and a thin layer of glue deposited onto the PC. Transpupillary OCT scans of the anterior segment were used to generate a PC‐polishing trajectory. During polishing, OCT B‐scans tracked the tool tip and were displayed to the operator.ResultsComplete removal of the glue was accomplished in all five trials with no PC rupture reported.ConclusionsThe feasibility of using a robotic system guided by OCT to perform PC polishing on a biological model was demonstrated. Contributions include modelling of the PC anatomy, intraoperative OCT visualization, and automated tool‐tip motion with scheduled aspiration pressures.
Efficacy of cyclic and extended regimens of ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg ‐levonorgestrel 0.09 mg for dysmenorrhea: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized trial
Authors: Harada Tasuku , Momoeda Mikio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 28‐day Cyclic and 84‐day Extended regimens of NPC‐16 (ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg plus levonorgestrel 0.09 mg) in patients with dysmenorrhea.MethodsThis was a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized trial conducted in Japan. A total of 251 primary and secondary dysmenorrhea patients were randomly assigned to the NPC‐16‐Cyclic group, NPC‐16‐Extended group, or the Placebo group. The primary end point was a comparison of the efficacy and safety of the Cyclic and Extended NPC‐16 regimen for the treatment of dysmenorrhea relative to the Placebo.Main findingsSignificantly greater reductions in total dysmenorrhea score and visual analog scale score were observed in the Cyclic and Extended groups compared with the Placebo group. Compared with the Cyclic regimen as a secondary end point, the Extended regimen exhibited greater efficacy in the treatment of dysmenorrhea over the course of the study period, particularly in patients with severe dysmenorrhea. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was significantly higher in the Cyclic and Extended groups than in the Placebo group.ConclusionThe Cyclic and Extended regimens of NPC‐16 significantly reduced dysmenorrhea severity compared to placebo. The Extended regimen was superior to cyclic regimen in reducing the dysmenorrhea.
Subsampling from features in large regression to find “winning features”
Authors: Fan Yiying , Sun Jiayang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFeature (or variable) selection from a large number ofpfeatures continuously challenges data science, especially for ever‐enlarging data and in discovering scientifically important features in a regression setting. For example, to develop valid drug targets for ovarian cancer, we must control the false‐discovery rate (FDR) of a selection procedure. The popular approach to feature selection in large‐pregression uses a penalized likelihood or a shrinkage estimation, such as a LASSO, SCAD, Elastic Net, or MCP procedure. We present a different approach called the Subsampling Winner algorithm (SWA), which subsamples frompfeatures. The idea of SWA is analogous to selecting US national merit scholars' that selects semifinalists based on student's performance in tests done at local schools (a.k.a. subsample analyses), and then determine the finalists (a.k.a. winning features) from the semifinalists. Due to its subsampling nature, SWA can scale to data of any dimension. SWA also has the best‐controlled FDR compared to the penalized and Random Forest procedures while having a competitive true‐feature discovery rate. Our application of SWA to an ovarian cancer data revealed functionally important genes and pathways.
Hepatic lipid metabolomics in response to heat stress in local broiler chickens breed (Huaixiang chickens)
Authors: Guo Yan , Liao Jia‐Hao , Liang Zi‐Long , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Liu Wen‐Chao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh‐temperature environment‐induced heat stress (HS) is a hazard environmental element for animals, leading to dramatic changes in physiological and metabolic function. However, the metabolomic‐level mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism in liver of slow‐growing broilers are still obscure. The present study investigated the effects of HS on hepatic lipidomics in Chinese indigenous slow‐growing broilers (Huaixiang chickens). The study includes two treatments, each treatment had 5 replicates with 4 broilers per cage, where a total of 40 eight‐week‐old female Huaixiang chickens (average initial body weight of 840.75 ± 20.79 g) were randomly divided into normal temperature (NT) and HS groups for 4 weeks, and the broilers of NT and HS groups were exposed to 21.3 ± 1.2℃ and 32.5 ± 1.4℃ respectively. The relative humidity of the two groups was maintained at 55%–70%. The liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS)‐based metabolomics were conducted to evaluate the changes in hepatic lipidomics of broilers. The results showed that there were 12 differential metabolites between the two treatments. Compared with the NT group, HS group reduced the levers of hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/16:0), PC (16:0/18:2), triglyceride (TG) (16:0/16:1/18:1), TG (18:0/18:1/20:4) (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05), while increased PC (18:1/20:3), PC (18:0/18:1), PC (18:1/18:1), PC (18:0/22:5), dimethyl‐phosphatidyl ethanolamine (dMePE) (14:0/18:3), dMePE (18:0/18:1) and dMePE (16:0/20:3) levels (Variable Importance in the Projection; VIP > 1 and p < 0.05). In addition, according to the analysis of metabolic pathway, the pathways of linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid, glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism were involved in the effects of HS on hepatic lipid metabolism of broilers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS altered the hepatic lipid metabolism mainly through linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid, glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway in indigenous broilers. These findings provided novel insights into the role of HS on hepatic lipidomics in Chinese indigenous broiler chickens.
Light mass window of lepton portal dark matter
Authors: Okawa Shohei , Omura Yuji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We explore a novel possibility that dark matter has a light mass below 1 GeV in a lepton portal dark matter model. There are Yukawa couplings involving dark matter, left-handed leptons and an extra scalar doublet in the model. In the light mass region, dark matter is thermally produced via its annihilation into neutrinos. In order to obtain the correct relic abundance and avoid collider bounds, a neutral scalar is required to be light while charged scalars need to be heavier than the electroweak scale. Such a mass spectrum is realized by adjusting quartic couplings in the scalar potential or introducing an extra singlet scalar. It turns out that the mass region of 10 MeV–10 GeV is almost free from experimental and observational constraints. We also point out that searches for extra neutrino flux from galactic dark matter annihilations with neutrino telescopes are the best way to test our model.
Advanced Hodgkin lymphoma in the East of England: a 10-year comparative analysis of outcomes for real-world patients treated with ABVD or escalated-BEACOPP, aged less than 60 years, compared with 5-year extended follow-up from the RATHL trial
Authors: Russell James , Collins Angela , Fowler Alexis , Karanth Mamatha , Saha Chandan , Docherty Suzanne , Padayatty Joseph , Maw Kyaw , Lentell Isabel , Cooke Lisa , Hodson Andrew , Shah Nimish , Sadullah Shalal , Grigoropoulos Nicholas , Qian Wendi , Kirkwood Amy A. , Uttenthal Benjamin J. , Johnson Peter , Follows George A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTreatment with ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) or escalated(e)-BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone) remains the international standard of care for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We performed a retrospective, multicentre analysis of 221 non-trial (“real-world”) patients, aged 16–59 years, diagnosed with advanced-stage HL in the Anglia Cancer Network between 2004 and 2014, treated with ABVD or eBEACOPP, and compared outcomes with 1088 patients in the Response-Adjusted Therapy for Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma (RATHL) trial, aged 18–59 years, with median follow-up of 87.0 and 69.5 months, respectively. Real-world ABVD patients (n=177) had highly similar 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with RATHL (PFS 79.2% vs 81.4%; OS 92.9% vs 95.2%), despite interim positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT)-guided dose-escalation being predominantly restricted to trial patients. Real-world eBEACOPP patients (n=44) had superior PFS (95.5%) compared with real-world ABVD (HR 0.20, p=0.027) and RATHL (HR 0.21, p=0.015), and superior OS for higher-risk (international prognostic score ≥3 [IPS 3+]) patients compared with real-world IPS 3+ ABVD (100% vs 84.5%, p=0.045), but not IPS 3+ RATHL patients. Our data support a PFS, but not OS, advantage for patients with advanced-stage HL treated with eBEACOPP compared with ABVD and suggest higher-risk patients may benefit disproportionately from more intensive therapy. However, increased access to effective salvage therapies might minimise any OS benefit from reduced relapse rates after frontline therapy.
Hospital admissions of acute cerebrovascular diseases during and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a state-wide experience from Austria
Authors: Gattringer Thomas , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Kneihsl Markus , Hofer Edith , Köle Wolfgang , Schmidt Reinhold , Tscheliessnigg Karl-Heinz , Frank Almut-Michaela , Enzinger Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigated hospital admission rates for the entire spectrum of acute cerebrovascular diseases and of recanalization treatments for ischaemic stroke (IS) in the Austrian federal state of Styria during and also after the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave. We retrospectively identified all patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA), IS and non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (ICH; including intracerebral, subdural and subarachnoid bleeding types) admitted to one of the 11 public hospitals in Styria (covering > 95% of inhospital cerebrovascular events in this region). Information was extracted from the electronic medical documentation network connecting all public Styrian hospitals. We analysed two periods of interest: (1) three peak months of the first COVID-19 wave (March–May 2020), and (2) three recovery months thereafter (June–August 2020), compared to respective periods 4 years prior (2016–2019) using Poisson regression. In the three peak months of the first COVID-19 wave, there was an overall decline in hospital admissions for acute cerebrovascular diseases (RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.78–0.89, p < 0.001), which was significant for TIA (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.52–0.72, p < 0.001) and ICH (0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.91, p = 0.02), but not for IS (RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.85–1, p = 0.08). Thrombolysis and thrombectomy numbers were not different compared to respective months 4 years prior. In the recovery period after the first COVID-19 wave, TIA (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.96, p = 0.011) and ICH (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.74–0.99, p = 0.045) hospitalizations remained lower, while the frequency of IS and recanalization treatments was unchanged. In this state-wide analysis covering all types of acute cerebrovascular diseases, hospital admissions for TIA and ICH were reduced during and also after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, but hospitalizations and recanalization treatments for IS were not affected in these two periods.