bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upward trends in new, rifampicin-resistant and concurrent extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in northern Guizhou Province of China
Authors: Chen Ling , Fu Xuefeng , Tian Peng , Li Qing , Lei Dan , Peng Zhangli , Liu Quanxian , Li Nana , Zhang Jianyong , Xu Peng , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSimilar to global trends, the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) in China declined from 2000 to 2018. In this study, we aimed to evaluate TB trends in northern Guizhou Province and identify risk factors associated with rifampicin-resistant (RR) and concurrent extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). We analyzed data of TB patients hospitalized in Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from 2011 to 2018, and assessed correlations between demographic characteristics of patients and RR-TB as well as concurrent EPTB. Our results showed that numbers of new, retreated, RR-TB and concurrent EPTB cases increased gradually from 2011 to 2018. Retreated patients had the highest odds of RR-TB but a lower likelihood of concurrent EPTB compared to new patients. Patients between 21 and 40 years of age had a higher likelihood of RR-TB compared to those 20 years and younger. Female patients and patients from Bijie city as well as the Miao ethnic minority had higher odds of concurrent EPTB. In summary, our data demonstrate upward trends in new, rifampicin-resistant and concurrent extrapulmonary TB cases in northern Guizhou Province of China, which should not be overlooked especially during and post the COVID-19 pandemic because TB is a greater long-term global health threat than COVID-19.
Novel niobium-doped titanium oxide towards electrochemical destruction of forever chemicals
Authors: Ko Jesse S. , Le Nam Q. , Schlesinger Danielle R. , Zhang Dajie , Johnson James K. , Xia Zhiyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectrochemical advanced oxidative processes (EAOP) are a promising route to destroy recalcitrant organic contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water. Central to EAOP are catalysis-induced reactive free radicals for breaking the carbon fluorine bonds in PFAS. Generating these reactive species electrochemically at electrodes provides an advantage over other oxidation processes that rely on chemicals or other harsh conditions. Herein, we report on the performance of niobium (Nb) doped rutile titanium oxide (TiO2) as a novel EAOP catalytic material, combining theoretical modeling with experimental synthesis and characterization. Calculations based on density functional theory are used to predict the overpotential for oxygen evolution at these candidate electrodes, which must be high in order to oxidize PFAS. The results indicate a non-monotonic trend in which Nb doping below 6.25 at.% is expected to reduce performance relative to TiO2, while higher concentrations up to 12.5 at.% lead to increased performance, approaching that of state-of-the-art Magnéli Ti4O7. TiO2samples were synthesized with Nb doping concentration at 10 at.%, heat treated at temperatures from 800 to 1100 °C, and found to exhibit high oxidative stability and high generation of reactive oxygen free radical species. The capability of Nb-doped TiO2to destroy two common species of PFAS in challenge water was tested, and moderate reduction by ~ 30% was observed, comparable to that of Ti4O7using a simple three-electrode configuration. We conclude that Nb-doped TiO2is a promising alternative EAOP catalytic material with increased activity towards generating reactive oxygen species and warrants further development for electrochemically destroying PFAS contaminants.
Revealing alarming changes in spatial coverage of joint hot and wet extremes across India
Authors: Dash Subhasmita , Maity Rajib 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCompared to any single hydroclimatic variable, joint extremes of multiple variables impact more heavily on the society and ecosystem. In this study, we developed new joint extreme indices (JEIs) using temperature and precipitation, and investigated its spatio-temporal variation with observed records across Indian mainland. Analysis shows an alarming rate of change in the spatial extent of some of the joint extreme phenomena, tending to remain above normal. For example, above normalhot nights and wet daysevents expands at a rate of 0.61% per year considering entire Indian mainland. If the historical trend continues at the same rate, consecutivecold and wet dayevents will drop below the threshold of mean value observed in the base line period (1981–2010) everywhere in the country by the end of the twenty-first century. In contrast, the entire country will be covered byhot nights and wet daysevents only (frequency of occurrence will cross the threshold of mean value observed in the base line period). This observation is also supported by the CMIP6 climate model outputs. It is further revealed that extremes of any single variable, i.e. either precipitation or temperature (e.g., Extreme Wet Days, Consecutive Wet Days, Hot Nights, and Cold Spell Duration Index), do not manifest such an alarming spatial expansion/contraction. This indicates that the consideration of the joint indices of hydroclimatic variables is more informative for the climate change impact analysis.
Pharmacological inhibition of cryptochrome and REV-ERB promotes DNA repair and cell cycle arrest in cisplatin-treated human cells
Authors: Anabtawi Nadeen , Cvammen William , Kemp Michael G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNucleotide excision repair (NER) and cell cycle checkpoints impact the ability of the anti-cancer drug cisplatin to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell death. Genetic studies have shown that both NER and cell cycle progression are impacted by the circadian clock, which has emerged as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of various disease states. In this study, cultured human cell lines were treated with combinations of cisplatin and the circadian clock modulating compounds KS15 and SR8278, which enhance circadian clock transcriptional output by inhibiting the activities of the cryptochrome and REV-ERB proteins, respectively. Treatment of cells with KS15 and SR8278 protected cells against the anti-proliferative effects of cisplatin and increased the expression of NER factor XPA and cell cycle regulators Wee1 and p21 at the mRNA and protein level. Correlated with these molecular changes, KS15 and SR8278 treatment resulted in fewer unrepaired cisplatin–DNA adducts in genomic DNA and a higher fraction of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the use of pharmacological agents targeting the circadian clock could be a novel approach to modulate the responses of normal and cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy regimens.
Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
Authors: Ogden Hannah M. , Murray Matthew J. , Murray Joseph B. , Kirkendall Clay , Redding Brandon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Through a combination of simulations, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements, we show that this approach not only enables lower noise and mitigates interference fading, but also improves the sensor linearity. We investigate the sensor dependence on the length of the pulse train and characterize the sensor performance as a function of range, demonstrating operation from 1 to 50 km. Despite its relative simplicity, this platform enables state-of-the-art performance, including low crosstalk, high linearity, and a minimum detectable strain of only 0.6 p$$\varepsilon /\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$

ε
/

Hz

in a 10 km fiber with 10 m spatial resolution and a bandwidth of 5 kHz.
Counseling in Aphasia: Information and Strategies for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Sandberg Chaleece W. , Nadermann Kristen , Parker Lauren , Kubat Anne Marie , Conyers Liza M. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this tutorial is to provide an overview of mental health concerns of persons with aphasia (PWAs), strategies that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can use to address the mental health concerns of PWAs within their scope of practice, guidance related to how SLPs can help facilitate access to appropriate mental health services, and suggestions for the future of pre- and postcertification education regarding counseling in aphasia for SLPs.

Method
This tutorial begins with a case study that is used as a reference point throughout the tutorial. It then introduces the gap in mental health services for PWAs that prompted this work, walks SLPs through common mental health concerns PWAs experience, and provides guidance for SLPs related to counseling techniques they can utilize within their sessions and referral to counseling professionals. We end by reiterating the need for more mental health awareness and training for SLPs and suggestions for incorporating more training related to addressing client mental health concerns and developing effective collaborations with rehabilitation and mental health counselors, as needed.

Conclusions
The mental health needs of PWAs are not being met. This is partly due to a lack of training in counseling for SLPs and a lack of training in communication techniques for rehabilitation and mental health counselors. With this tutorial, we hope to bring more awareness to the current need for mental health services for PWAs and to provide SLPs with some tools for addressing these needs among their clientele.
A binary quadratic function negative‐determination lemma and its application to stability analysis of systems with two additive time‐varying delay components
Authors: Liu Meng , He Yong , Jiang Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper concentrates on the stability problem of systems with two additive time‐varying delay components. For the construction of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF), in the case that the introduced augmented vector contains the double integral term of the state vector, a special form of the binary quadratic function with respect to two time‐varying delays has often been introduced into the derivative of the LKF. In order to determine the negative definiteness of such function, by making full use of the idea of partial differential, the convex/concave property and the slope characteristic of tangent lines of the binary quadratic function, a binary quadratic function negative‐determination lemma is proposed in the case of the pluses or minuses of quadratic coefficients are unknown. Then, the obtained stability criterion in the form of linear matrix inequality shows a greater advantage than the previous criteria since not only some advanced techniques are employed to treat some integral terms, but also the proposed lemma is employed to deal with quadratic terms in functional derivative. Finally, a typical example is given to verify the superiority of the derived criterion.
Coal gangue detection and recognition algorithm based on deformable convolution YOLOv3
Authors: Li De‐yong , Wang Guo‐fa , Zhang Yong , Wang Shuang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe intelligentisation of coal mines is the only approach to the high‐quality development of the coal industry. Detection, identification and sorting of coal gangue is an important part of the intelligentisation of coal mines. Focusing on various problems in coal gangue detecting and recognising algorithms, such as limited receptive field, slow convergence rate and low accuracy of small particle recognition, this paper proposes a coal gangue detection and recognition algorithm based on deformable convolution YOLOv3 (DCN‐YOLOv3). To improve the accuracy of anchor frame positioning and enhance the diversity of the dataset, the deformed convolution YOLOv3 network model is established based on the detection algorithm YOLOv3, using deformable convolution, multiple k‐means clustering results average method and data enhancement technology as means. The model was trained through the self‐designed dataset, and the algorithm's correctness and accuracy for coal gangue recognition under different size and illumination conditions are verified. The test results showed that the algorithm effectively detects and recognises coal gangue, improves the accuracy and efficiency of detecting and recognising small‐size coal and gangue and improves environmental robustness. Furthermore, compared with the traditional recognition algorithm, the network convergence speed of this algorithm is significantly improved, the mAP is increased to 99.45%, and the maximum FLOPs value is reduced by 61.4%. Accordingly, this research is considered to be of certain theoretical value and technical reference for identifying coal gangue.
Noise suppression in PD signal based on Prony time series energy spectrum
Authors: Wang Chang , Yu Chunxiao , Shu Qin , Zhang Dakun , He Yuhang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn‐line partial discharge (PD) monitoring is related to the safe and stable operation of power grid. However, the measured signal is inevitably affected by noise. Among a variety of noises, white noise is the most difficult to suppress and ubiquitous. It mainly determines the Cramer–Rao lower bound that cannot be crossed by all methods. This article proposes the Prony time‐series energy spectrum method to suppress white noise in a low signal‐to‐noise ratio environment. This method is divided into two parts: First, Prony time series energy spectrum is used to detect whether there is PD signals in the measured signal. Then, based on the least square method, the PD signal is estimated with the Prony model. In data analysis, this method can suppress ‐10dB white noise, while other methods have performed poorly or even failed under the same conditions. In general, this method has excellent anti‐noise performance compared to several other algorithms.
The effect of thermal conductivity on the outgassing and local gas dynamics from cometary nuclei
Authors: Pinzón-Rodríguez O. , Marschall R. , Gerig S.-B. , Herny C. , Wu J. S. , Thomas N. 
Published: September 2021

Aims.The aim of this work is to investigate the parameters influencing the generation of the inner comae of a comet with a spherical nucleus and to model the gas activity distribution around its nuclei. Here, we investigate the influence of thermal conductivity combined with sub-surface H2O and CO2-ice sources on insolation-driven sublimation and the resulting gas flow field. In the process, we adopted some of the rotational and surface properties of the target of the Rosetta mission, comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG).Methods.We used a simplified model of heat transport through the surface layer to establish sublimation rates from a H2O- and CO2-ice sub-surface into a vacuum. We then applied the 3D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method to model the coma as a sublimation-driven flow. The free parameters of the model were used to test the range of effects arising from thermal inertia and the depth of the source on the gas outflow.Results.Thermal inertia and the depth of the sublimation front can have a strong effect on the emission distribution of the flow at the surface. In models with a thermal inertia up to 80 TIU (thermal inertia units: J m−2K−1s−1∕2), the H2O distribution can be rotated about the rotation axis by about 20° relative to models with no thermal lag. For CO2, the maximum activity can be shifted towards the sunset terminator with activity going far into the nightside for cases with low thermal diffusivity. The presence of a small amount of CO2can reduce the presence of H2O by at least an order of magnitude on the nightside by blocking H2O flow. In addition, CO2can also decrease the speed of the mixed flow in the same region up to 200 m s−1, compared to cases with no CO2activity.Conclusions.Even low values of the thermal inertia can substantially modify the gas flow field. Including CO2leads to strong variations in the local CO2/H2O density ratio between the dayside and nightside. CO2can dominate the gas composition above the nightside and can also act to modify the H2O flow field close to the terminator.
Constraining the radius and atmospheric properties of directly imaged exoplanets through multi-phase observations
Authors: Carrión-González Ó. , García Muñoz A. , Santos N. C. , Cabrera J. , Csizmadia Sz. , Rauer H. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The theory of remote sensing shows that observing a planet at multiple phase angles (α) is a powerful strategy to characterize its atmosphere. Here, we study this observing strategy as applied to future disc-integrated direct imaging of exoplanets in reflected starlight.
Aims. We analyse how the information contained in reflected-starlight spectra of exoplanets depends on the phase angle and the potential of multi-phase measurements to better constrain the atmospheric properties and the planet radius (Rp).
Methods. We simulate spectra (500−900 nm) at α = 37°, 85°, and 123° with a spectral resolution of R ~ 125−225 and signal-to-noise ratio (S∕N) = 10, consistent with the expected capabilities of future direct-imaging space telescopes. Assuming a H2-He atmosphere, we use a seven-parameter model that includes the atmospheric methane abundance (fCH4), the optical properties of a cloud layer and Rp. All these parameters are assumed to be unknown a priori and are explored with a Markov chain Monte Carlo retrieval method.
Results. No single-phase observation can robustly identify whether the atmosphere has clouds or not. A single-phase observation at α = 123° and S∕N = 10 can constrain Rp with a maximum error of 35%, regardless of the cloud coverage. We find that combining small (37°) and large (123°) phase angles is a generally effective strategy to break multiple parameter degeneracies. This enables us to determine the presence or absence of a cloud and its main properties, fCH4 and Rp, with higher confidence in all the explored scenarios. Other strategies, such as doubling S∕N to 20 for a single-phase observation or combining small (37°) and moderate (85°) phase angles, fail to achieve this. We show that the improvements in multi-phase retrievals are associated with the shape of the scattering phase function of the cloud aerosols and that the improvement is more modest for isotropically scattering aerosols. We finally discuss that misidentifying the background gas in the retrievals of super-Earth observations leads to systematic underestimation of the absorbing gas abundance.
Conclusions. Exoplanets with wide ranges of observable phase angles should be prioritized for atmospheric characterization in reflected starlight.
Der myofasziale Triggerpunkt – eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Mense Siegfried 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIm zweiten und letzten Teil der kritischen Bestandsaufnahme zum Thema „Myofaszialer Triggerpunkt“ (MTrP) werden verschiedene Hypothesen zur Entstehung von MTrPS und gängige Methoden der Therapie dargelegt und kritisch diskutiert.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Sumatriptan on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Yousefi-Manesh Hasan , Sheibani Mohammad , Sadeghi Mohammad Amin , Hemmati Sara , Noori Tayebeh , Shirooie Samira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe liver detoxifies and metabolizes many drugs and xenobiotics which may cause hepatotoxicity due to some toxic agents. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is metabolized in cytochrome P450 and its reactive radical metabolites cause lipid peroxidation, cellular injury, and apoptosis. Sumatriptan (SUM), 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, had anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In this research the effect of SUM pre-treatment against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was examined. Adult rats received SUM (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg; i.p.) for 3 consecutive days before CCl4 (2 ml/kg; i.p. on the 3rd day). The aminotransferases serum levels, tissue levels of anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory markers and histopathological examination were evaluated. SUM (0.3 mg/kg) prevented significantly the elevation of aminotransferases versus the control group (CCl4 group) (P<0.0001) and also, reversed meaningfully the changes of the MPO, MDA, SOD and CAT, IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Additionally, CCl4-intoxication resulted to the disruption of lobular and cellular structures and inflammation in histopathological evaluation which is prevented by SUM (0.3 mg/kg). These data revealed that SUM (0.3 mg/kg), but no at doses 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, decreases the hepatotoxicity of induced by CCl4 in rats.
Homeopathy in the 21st Century, and Comparisons with Hahnemann
Authors: Kayne Steven 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Homeopathy has survived the test of time over more than 200 years and has been accepted by many consumers and practitioners across the world as being an important constituent of health care. It continues to provide successful outcomes in a wide range of conditions using traditional and newer approaches to practice and is expanding into integrated health care. This article discusses modern developments in homeopathic theory, homeopharmaceutics, homeotherapeutics, and patient access. It also considers how Hahnemann might have responded to these changes.
Commentary Theoretical explanations for homeopathic mechanisms of action are complex and can involve ideas that conflict with established thinking amongst non-homeopaths. The use of different pharmacopoeial standards in the manufacture of remedies and variations in nomenclature continues to cause confusion for practitioners and patients. It also causes problems for manufacturers in providing the documentation required by national regulatory authorities to support licensing applications. Interaction with these bodies and other stakeholders is vital, to ensure the continued availability of a full range of homeopathic medicines. The incorporation of a homeopathic section within the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), which is used by many countries globally, is a positive development in promoting the standardisation of remedies. With increasing reliance now on evidence-based medicine, scientifically trained colleagues and sceptics have cast doubt on the validity of the observational studies that form much of the homeopathic evidence base.
Recommendations The homeopathy community should engage as fully as possible in robust research to validate homeopathic practices, thus ensuring the viability of homeopathy in the future. There is an ongoing need for homeopathic practitioners to review their procedures regularly and take account of changes in patient demographics and lifestyle, and in modern methods of health care delivery. Colleagues should also be aware of patients' emerging abilities to critically assess treatment options and to judge outcomes. Future opportunities exist for homeopathy in new concepts of integrated health care that includes a range of other therapies, as well as in veterinary and environmental health. There is also the possibility of homeopathy joining social care services to improve accessibility to health care by making it available in a range of different community settings.
Conclusion Hahnemann would likely have been unimpressed by the less positive contemporary influences on homeopathic practice.
Temporary Cross-Clamping of the Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta during Cesarean Hysterectomy to Control Operative Blood Loss
Authors: Hashiguchi Mikio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTemporary cross-clamping of the infrarenal abdominal aorta to reduce bleeding during hysterectomy following cesarean section in patients with placenta previa-accreta is a relatively simple procedure; therefore, it can be an option when intravascular balloon catheter placement is impossible or encountered massive bleeding of the unexpected placenta accreta.