bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and perspectives for beekeeping in Ethiopia. A review
Authors: Gratzer Kristina , Wakjira Kibebew , Fiedler Sascha , Brodschneider Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe honey bee is an important fruit and vegetable pollinator and a producer of honey and other hive products. Beekeeping is a sustainable and high-potential activity for local communities and especially for the rural poor to gain additional income through non-timber forest products, does not require much land or high starting costs, maintains biodiversity and increases crop yields. Ethiopia is one of the top ten honey and beeswax producers in the world, but plays only a minor role in the international honey trade. Unlike large-scale beekeepers using modern techniques found in most leading honey-producing countries, the majority of Ethiopian beekeepers are small-scale producers practicing traditional beekeeping. In this article, we summarize the knowledge on Ethiopian beekeeping, honey bees, honey bee pests, marketing strategies, cultural aspects and major challenges of beekeeping. Furthermore, we used FAOSTAT data to calculate a pollination gap in order to draw the attention of stakeholders and decision-makers to bees and their importance in pollination and sustainable rural development. In regard to forage, we compiled 590 bee forage plants and their flowering times as a supplement to the article. This review outlines the following major points: (1) Ethiopia is a top honey and beeswax producer mainly for the domestic market; (2) Equipment for traditional beekeeping is easily accessible but brings disadvantages (gender gap, limitations in hive management and lower honey yield), while transitional and modern systems require certain beekeeping skills and higher starting costs; (3) Colony numbers increased by 72% from 1993 to 2018 and crop areas needing pollination by 150%; (4) Honey yield per hive and number of beehives managed per area of bee-pollinated crops increased by 20% and 28%, respectively; (5) Pesticide use has been increasing and there is a lack in pesticide use education. Recommendations to realize Ethiopia’s tremendous apicultural potential are discussed.
Seeing the value of experiential knowledge through COVID-19
Authors: Atkinson Sarah , Bradby Hannah , Gadebusch Bondio Mariacarla , Hallberg Anna , Macnaugthon Jane , Söderfeldt Ylva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeeing the entwinement of social and epistemic challenges through COVID, we discuss the perils of simplistic appeals to ‘follow the science’. A hardened scientism risks excarbating social conflict and fueling conspiracy beliefs. Instead, we see an opportunity to devise more inclusive medical knowledge practices through endorsing experiential knowledge alongside traditional evidence types.
Detection of Vestibular Schwannoma on Triple-parametric Magnetic Resonance Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Huang Tzu-Hsuan , Lee Wei-Kai , Wu Chih-Chun , Lee Cheng-Chia , Lu Chia-Feng , Yang Huai-Che , Lin Chun-Yi , Chung Wen-Yuh , Wang Po-Shan , Chen Yen-Ling , Wu Hsiu-Mei , Guo Wan-You , Wu Yu-Te 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The first step in typical treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS) is to localize the tumor region, which is time-consuming and subjective because it relies on repeatedly reviewing different parametric magnetic resonance (MR) images. A reliable, automatic VS detection method can streamline the process.

Methods
A convolutional neural network architecture, namely YOLO-v2 with a residual network as a backbone, was used to detect VS tumors from MR images. To heighten performance, T1-weighted–contrast-enhanced, T2-weighted, and T1-weighted images were combined into triple-channel images for feature learning. The triple-channel images were cropped into three sizes to serve as input images of YOLO-v2. The VS detection effectiveness levels were evaluated for two backbone residual networks that downsampled the inputs by 16 and 32.

Results
The results demonstrated the VS detection capability of YOLO-v2 with a residual network as a backbone model. The average precision was 0.7953 for a model with 416 × 416-pixel input images and 16 instances of downsampling, when both the thresholds of confidence score and intersection-over-union were set to 0.5. In addition, under an appropriate threshold of confidence score, a high average precision, namely 0.8171, was attained by using a model with 448 × 448-pixel input images and 16 instances of downsampling.

Conclusion
We demonstrated successful VS tumor detection by using a YOLO-v2 with a residual network as a backbone model on resized triple-parametric MR images. The results indicated the influence of image size, downsampling strategy, and confidence score threshold on VS tumor detection.
Extending the theory of planned behaviour to explore the plastic waste minimisation intention of Hong Kong citizens
Authors: So Winnie Wing Mui , Cheng Irene Nga Yee , Cheung Lewis Ting On , Chen Yu , Chow Stephen Cheuk Fai , Fok Lincoln , Lo Sing Kai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the relationships between situational and psychological factors and Hong Kong citizens’ plastic waste management (PWM) intentions based on an extended theory of planned behaviour model with situational factors. A total of 996 Hong Kong permanent residents were surveyed, and data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results revealed that situational factors had a direct and positive effect on PWM intention, but also affected PWM intention indirectly through their significant effects on attitude and perceived behavioural control regarding PWM. The implications for environmental education and policy are discussed.
Potential Benefit of Add-on Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Case Series
Authors: Nowicki Magda , Bourgeois-Tardif Sandrine , Diaz Patrick L. , Hebert Francois Olivier , Sanon Nathalie T. , Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Major Philippe , Sell Erick , Bitton Jonathan , Lewis Evan , Weil Alexander G. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:We present five cases of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) that failed management using high cannabidiol (CBD) doses, but had significant reduction in seizure frequency with reintroduction or increasing doses of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). There is growing evidence supporting the use of whole-plant CBD-rich extracts (containing THC and other cannabinoids) in the treatment of pediatric DRE. Based on our experiences and reports in the literature, we propose that, in patients who fail management with an initial trial of high-dose CBD-focused therapy, there may be a role for add-on THC-focused formulations.
Poisson CNN: Convolutional neural networks for the solution of the Poisson equation on a Cartesian mesh
Authors: Özbay Ali Girayhan , Hamzehloo Arash , Laizet Sylvain , Tzirakis Panagiotis , Rizos Georgios , Schuller Björn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Poisson equation is commonly encountered in engineering, for instance, in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) where it is needed to compute corrections to the pressure field to ensure the incompressibility of the velocity field. In the present work, we propose a novel fully convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to infer the solution of the Poisson equation on a 2D Cartesian grid with different resolutions given the right-hand side term, arbitrary boundary conditions, and grid parameters. It provides unprecedented versatility for a CNN approach dealing with partial differential equations. The boundary conditions are handled using a novel approach by decomposing the original Poisson problem into a homogeneous Poisson problem plus four inhomogeneous Laplace subproblems. The model is trained using a novel loss function approximating the continuous

$ {L}^p $

norm between the prediction and the target. Even when predicting on grids denser than previously encountered, our model demonstrates encouraging capacity to reproduce the correct solution profile. The proposed model, which outperforms well-known neural network models, can be included in a CFD solver to help with solving the Poisson equation. Analytical test cases indicate that our CNN architecture is capable of predicting the correct solution of a Poisson problem with mean percentage errors below 10%, an improvement by comparison to the first step of conventional iterative methods. Predictions from our model, used as the initial guess to iterative algorithms like Multigrid, can reduce the root mean square error after a single iteration by more than 90% compared to a zero initial guess.
Childhood externalizing, internalizing and comorbid problems: distinguishing young adults who think about suicide from those who attempt suicide
Authors: Commisso Melissa , Temcheff Caroline , Orri Massimiliano , Poirier Martine , Lau Marianne , Côté Sylvana , Vitaro Frank , Turecki Gustavo , Tremblay Richard , Geoffroy Marie-Claude 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile childhood externalizing, internalizing and comorbid problems have been associated with suicidal risk, little is known about their specific associations with suicidal ideation and attempts. We examined associations between childhood externalizing, internalizing and comorbid problems and suicidal ideation (without attempts) and attempts by early adulthood, in males and females.MethodParticipants were from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children, a population-based study of kindergarteners in Quebec from 1986 to 1988 and followed-up until 2005. We captured the co-development of teacher-rated externalizing and internalizing problems at age 6–12 using multitrajectories. Using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule administered at age 15 and 22, we identified individuals (1) who never experienced suicidal ideation/attempts, (2) experienced suicidal ideation but never attempted suicide and (3) attempted suicide.ResultsThe identified profiles were no/low problems (45%), externalizing (29%), internalizing (11%) and comorbid problems (13%). After adjusting for socioeconomic and familial characteristics, children with externalizing (OR 2.00, CI 1.39–2.88), internalizing (OR 2.34, CI 1.51–3.64) and comorbid (OR 3.29, CI 2.05–5.29) problems were at higher risk of attempting suicide (v. non-suicidal) by age 22 than those with low/no problems. Females with comorbid problems were at higher risk of attempting suicide than females with one problem. Childhood problems were not associated with suicidal ideation. Externalizing (OR 2.01, CI 1.29–3.12) and comorbid problems (OR 2.28, CI 1.29–4.03) distinguished individuals who attempted suicide from those who thought about suicide without attempting.ConclusionChildhood externalizing problems alone or combined with internalizing problems were associated with suicide attempts, but not ideation (without attempts), suggesting that these problems confer a specific risk for suicide attempts.
From “Leader to Pariah”? On the Dutch Restitutions Committee and the inclusion of the public interest in assessing Nazi-spoliated art claims
Authors: Oost Tabitha I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article considers the recent and vigorous critique of the Dutch restitution policy on Nazi-looted art in connection with the inclusion of what has been termed the “public interest” in the applicable substantive assessment framework. This assessment framework is entirely based on morally induced policy rules, and it allows the Dutch Restitutions Committee to advise on requests for restitution based on a weighing of interests, including the significance of the work to a museum or public art collection. Although one might question the appropriateness of such interests in a framework designed to remedy historic injustices, it remains to be seen whether this critique is entirely justified. Recent recommendations issued by the Dutch Restitutions Committee indicate that it takes a generous, rather than strict, approach when dealing with requests for restitution. All in all, it seems that both institutional and substantive vulnerability are inevitable if one embarks on a morally induced framework based on mere policy rules rather than legal rules.
The Roles of the Magnetopause and Plasmapause in Storm‐Time ULF Wave Power Enhancements
Authors: Sandhu J. K. , Rae I. J. , Staples F. A. , Hartley D. P. , Walach M.‐T. , Elsden T. , Murphy K. R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUltra low frequency (ULF) waves play a crucial role in transporting and coupling energy within the magnetosphere. During geomagnetic storms, dayside magnetospheric ULF wave power is highly variable with strong enhancements that are dominated by elevated solar wind driving. However, the radial distribution of ULF wave power is complex ‐ controlled interdependently by external solar wind driving and the internal magnetospheric structuring. We conducted a statistical analysis of observed storm‐time ULF wave power from the Van Allen Probes spacecraft within 2012–2016. Focusing on the dayside (06 < magnetic local time ≤ 15), we observe large enhancements across 3 < L < 6 and a steep L dependence during the main phase. We consider how accounting for concurrent magnetopause and plasmapause locations may reduce statistical variability and improve parameterization of spatial trends over and above using the L value. Ordering storm time ULF wave power by L provides the weakest dependences from those considered, whereas ordering by distance from the magnetopause is more effective. We also explore dependences on local plasma density and find that spatially localized ULF wave power enhancements are confined within high density patches in the afternoon sector (likely plasmaspheric plumes). The results have critical implications for empirical models of ULF wave power and radial diffusion coefficients. We highlight the necessity of improved characterization of the highly distorted storm‐time cold plasma density distribution, in order to more accurately predict ULF wave power.
Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking as a cellular senescence driver
Authors: Park Ji-Hwan , Ryu Sung Jin , Kim Byung Ju , Cho Hyun-Ji , Park Chi Hyun , Choi Hyo Jei Claudia , Jang Eun-Jin , Yang Eun Jae , Hwang Jeong-A , Woo Seung-Hwa , Lee Jun Hyung , Park Ji Hwan , Choi Kyung-Mi , Kwon Young-Yon , Lee Cheol-Koo , Park Joon Tae , Cho Sung Chun , Lee Yun-Il , Lee Sung Bae , Han Jeong A. , Cho Kyung A , Kim Min-Sik , Hwang Daehee , Lee Young-Sam , Park Sang Chul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSenescent cells exhibit a reduced response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. This diminished reaction may be explained by the disrupted transmission of nuclear signals. However, this hypothesis requires more evidence before it can be accepted as a mechanism of cellular senescence. A proteomic analysis of the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions obtained from young and senescent cells revealed disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (NCT) as an essential feature of replicative senescence (RS) at the global level. Blocking NCT either chemically or genetically induced the acquisition of an RS-like senescence phenotype, named nuclear barrier-induced senescence (NBIS). A transcriptome analysis revealed that, among various types of cellular senescence, NBIS exhibited a gene expression pattern most similar to that of RS. Core proteomic and transcriptomic patterns common to both RS and NBIS included upregulation of the endocytosis-lysosome network and downregulation of NCT in senescent cells, patterns also observed in an aging yeast model. These results imply coordinated aging-dependent reduction in the transmission of extrinsic signals to the nucleus and in the nucleus-to-cytoplasm supply of proteins/RNAs. We further showed that the aging-associated decrease in Sp1 transcription factor expression was critical for the downregulation of NCT. Our results suggest that NBIS is a modality of cellular senescence that may represent the nature of physiological aging in eukaryotes.
Effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Pinggan-Qianyang decoction on SIRT1–PTEN signaling in vascular aging in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Cui Zhang , Jiamei Yao , Yushu Yang , Xia Fang , Haiyan Yang , Zhang Dan , Qiong Chen , Guangwei Zhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAge-related functional decline is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in all organ systems. However, the acceleration and early occurrence of this process are observed in cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension. This study aimed to investigate SIRT1–PTEN signaling in aortic tissue from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and changes in SIRT1 and PTEN expression following treatment with Pinggan-Qianyang decoction (PGQYD) and explore the mechanism involved in the treatment of hypertensive vascular aging with traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we used two rat models: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at 14 and 64 weeks of age and WKY rats at 64 weeks of age. The degree of irritability and rotation tolerance time were evaluated to determine the effects of PGQYD on animal behavior. The morphology of the thoracic aorta was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining and electron microscopy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and anti-superoxide anion content were detected. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining was used to observe the thoracic aorta during vascular aging. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis were performed to detect changes in the mRNA and protein expression of p53, p21, SIRT1, and PTEN in rat aortic tissues. Behavioral tests and histological and morphological analyses showed the remarkable amelioration of vascular aging after PGQYD treatment compared with that in the older SHRs. Moreover, PGQYD significantly decreased vascular aging in SHRs, as indicated by reduced SA-β-Gal staining, NADPH oxidase activity, and p53 and p21 expression, and increased anti-superoxide anion and SOD content. Furthermore, PGQYD increased SIRT1 and PTEN expression, but the downregulated expression of SIRT1 induced by a SIRT1 inhibitor abolished the PGQYD-induced antiaging effects on gene expression and antioxidant activity and enhanced PTEN expression. PGQYD could ameliorate vascular aging effects in SHRs, which may have been mediated via the regulation of SIRT1–PTEN signaling in aortic tissue.
Dinosaur biodiversity declined well before the asteroid impact, influenced by ecological and environmental pressures
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Guinot Guillaume , Benton Michael J. , Currie Philip J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe question why non-avian dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago (Ma) remains unresolved because of the coarseness of the fossil record. A sudden extinction caused by an asteroid is the most accepted hypothesis but it is debated whether dinosaurs were in decline or not before the impact. We analyse the speciation-extinction dynamics for six key dinosaur families, and find a decline across dinosaurs, where diversification shifted to a declining-diversity pattern ~76 Ma. We investigate the influence of ecological and physical factors, and find that the decline of dinosaurs was likely driven by global climate cooling and herbivorous diversity drop. The latter is likely due to hadrosaurs outcompeting other herbivores. We also estimate that extinction risk is related to species age during the decline, suggesting a lack of evolutionary novelty or adaptation to changing environments. These results support an environmentally driven decline of non-avian dinosaurs well before the asteroid impact.
Predicting lapses of attention with sleep-like slow waves
Authors: Andrillon Thomas , Burns Angus , Mackay Teigane , Windt Jennifer , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAttentional lapses occur commonly and are associated with mind wandering, where focus is turned to thoughts unrelated to ongoing tasks and environmental demands, or mind blanking, where the stream of consciousness itself comes to a halt. To understand the neural mechanisms underlying attentional lapses, we studied the behaviour, subjective experience and neural activity of healthy participants performing a task. Random interruptions prompted participants to indicate their mental states as task-focused, mind-wandering or mind-blanking. Using high-density electroencephalography, we report here that spatially and temporally localized slow waves, a pattern of neural activity characteristic of the transition toward sleep, accompany behavioural markers of lapses and preceded reports of mind wandering and mind blanking. The location of slow waves could distinguish between sluggish and impulsive behaviours, and between mind wandering and mind blanking. Our results suggest attentional lapses share a common physiological origin: the emergence of local sleep-like activity within the awake brain.
Self-assembly of N-heterocyclic carbenes on Au(111)
Authors: Inayeh Alex , Groome Ryan R. K. , Singh Ishwar , Veinot Alex J. , de Lima Felipe Crasto , Miwa Roberto H. , Crudden Cathleen M. , McLean Alastair B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the self-assembly of organic ligands on gold has been dominated by sulfur-based ligands for decades, a new ligand class, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), has appeared as an interesting alternative. However, fundamental questions surrounding self-assembly of this new ligand remain unanswered. Herein, we describe the effect of NHC structure, surface coverage, and substrate temperature on mobility, thermal stability, NHC surface geometry, and self-assembly. Analysis of NHC adsorption and self-assembly by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory have revealed the importance of NHC-surface interactions and attractive NHC-NHC interactions on NHC monolayer structures. A remarkable way these interactions manifest is the need for a threshold NHC surface coverage to produce upright, adatom-mediated adsorption motifs with low surface diffusion. NHC wingtip structure is also critical, with primary substituents leading to the formation of flat-lying NHC2Au complexes, which have high mobility when isolated, but self-assemble into stable ordered lattices at higher surface concentrations. These and other studies of NHC surface chemistry will be crucial for the success of these next-generation monolayers.
Allosteric drug transport mechanism of multidrug transporter AcrB
Authors: Tam Heng-Keat , Foong Wuen Ee , Oswald Christine , Herrmann Andrea , Zeng Hui , Pos Klaas M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGram-negative bacteria maintain an intrinsic resistance mechanism against entry of noxious compounds by utilizing highly efficient efflux pumps. The E. coli AcrAB-TolC drug efflux pump contains the inner membrane H+/drug antiporter AcrB comprising three functionally interdependent protomers, cycling consecutively through the loose (L), tight (T) and open (O) state during cooperative catalysis. Here, we present 13 X-ray structures of AcrB in intermediate states of the transport cycle. Structure-based mutational analysis combined with drug susceptibility assays indicate that drugs are guided through dedicated transport channels toward the drug binding pockets. A co-structure obtained in the combined presence of erythromycin, linezolid, oxacillin and fusidic acid shows binding of fusidic acid deeply inside the T protomer transmembrane domain. Thiol cross-link substrate protection assays indicate that this transmembrane domain-binding site can also accommodate oxacillin or novobiocin but not erythromycin or linezolid. AcrB-mediated drug transport is suggested to be allosterically modulated in presence of multiple drugs.