bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Second-Opinion Consultation in Nongynecologic Cytopathology
Authors: Bailey Gabrielle E , Graham Ashleigh , Kahler Jessica , Williamson Bonnie , Adams Christina , Maleki Zahra , Rodriguez Erika F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The value of consultation in pathology has been well documented in surgical pathology, but there are few comprehensive studies of consultation cases in cytopathology. Here we report our experience with cytopathology consultation cases at a large academic center.

Methods
A review of consultation cases at our institution was performed by searching our laboratory information system. The contributing institution’s diagnosis was compared with that rendered by the reviewing cytopathologist to assess major and/or minor diagnostic discrepancies.

Results
In total, 928 cases were reviewed with the following distribution: fine-needle aspiration (FNA, 79.4%), exfoliative nongynecologic cytology (18.3%), and cases with both FNA and nongynecologic cytology (2.3%). There were 379 (40.8%) true consults and 549 (59.2%) confirming consults. A total of 586 (63.1%) cases were in agreement with the outside pathologist, 78 (8.4%) cases had major discrepancies, and 264 (28.4%) cases had minor discrepancies. Major discrepancies were most common for pancreas (38.5%), lymph node (11.5%), and soft tissue sites (9.0%).

Conclusions
Of the cases, 8.4% had major diagnostic discrepancies between the original diagnosis and the consultation diagnosis, which is consistent with reported values in surgical pathology consultation studies. The findings support the importance of second-opinion consultation in cytopathology to guide patient care.
Religious Identity and Delinquency: Comparing Muslim, Christian and Non-Religious Adolescents in the United Kingdom
Authors: Seto Christopher H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The relationship between religion and delinquency is shaped by sociocultural context, but little research has explored the relationship for non-Christian religions outside of the United States. This study advances existing scholarship by comparing the crime and illicit substance use of 9,772 Muslim, Christian and non-religious adolescents in the United Kingdom. The Karlson, Holm, Breen (KHB) method is used to explore underlying mechanisms. Results show that Muslims engage in the least delinquency, followed by Christians, while non-religious adolescents engage in the most delinquency. Religious involvement is especially protective for Muslim adolescents. These findings refute a pervasive public perception of Muslim identity as ‘risky’. KHB results reveal that educational motivation and parental supervision underlie religious group differences in delinquency.
Hybrid Fault Diagnosis Capability Analysis of Highly Connected Graphs
Authors: Wei Yulong , Li Rong-hua , Yang Weihua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Zhu et al. introduced the $h$-edge tolerable diagnosability to measure the fault diagnosis capability of a multiprocessor system with faulty links. This kind of diagnosability is a generalization of the concept of traditional diagnosability. A graph is called a maximally connected graph if its minimum degree equals its vertex connectivity. It is well-known that many irregular networks are maximally connected graphs and the $h$-edge tolerable diagnosabilities of these networks are unknown, which is our motivation for research. In this paper, we obtain the lower bound of the $h$-edge tolerable diagnosability of a class of $t$-connected graphs and establish the $h$-edge tolerable diagnosability of a class of maximally connected graphs under the PMC model and the MM$^*$ model, which extend some results in (Hakimi, S.L. and Amin, A.T. (1974) Characterization of connection assignment of diagnosable systems. IEEE Trans. Comput., 23, 86–88), (Chang, C.P., Lai, P.L., Tan, J.J.M. and Hsu, L.H. (2004) Diagnosability of t-connected networks and product networks under the comparison diagnosis model. IEEE Trans. Comput., 53, 1582–1590) and (Lian, G., Zhou, S., Hsieh, S.Y., Liu, J., Chen, G. and Wang, Y. (2019) Performance evaluation on hybrid fault diagnosability of regular networks. Theoret. Comput. Sci., 796, 147–153).
Effective Resource Allocation and Load Balancing in Hierarchical HetNets: Toward QoS-Aware Multi-Access Edge Computing
Authors: Bonab Mohammad Jalilvand Aghdam , Kandovan Ramin Shaghaghi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMobile edge computing (MEC) is a key feature of next-generation heterogeneous networks aimed at providing a variety of services for different applications by performing related processing tasks closer to the user equipment. In this research, we investigated on connection management approaches in multi-access edge computing systems. This paper presents joint radio resource allocation and MEC optimization in a multi-layer NOMA HetNet in order to maximize system’s energy efficiency. The continues carrier allocation and handoff decision variables, in addition to the interference incorporated in the goal function, modifies the primary optimization problem to a mixed integer nonlinear programming. Network selection is done statically based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and station selection is done dynamically based on the Data Envelope Analysis method. Also, an effective feedback mechanism has been designed in collaboration with the server resource manager to solve a global optimization problem in order to load balancing and meet the users quality of service constraints simultaneously. To reduce the computational complexity and to achieve a locally optimal solution, we applied variable relaxation and majorization minimization approach in which offloading decision and multi-part Markov noise analysis have been developed to model users’ preferences without the need for explicit information from the users. Based on the simulations, the proposed approach not only results in a significant increase of system’s energy efficiency but also enhances the system throughput in multiple-source scenarios.
Left ventricular basal muscle bundle in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights into the mechanism of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Authors: Xiao Minghu , Nie Changrong , Wang Jingjin , Zhu Changsheng , Sun Xin , Zhu Zhenhui , Wang Hao , Wang Shuiyun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
Many factors cause left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Previous studies reported that left ventricular basal muscle bundle (BMB) may be associated with LVOTO. We aimed to evaluate the role of BMB in LVOTO by echocardiography.

Methods and results
Two hundred fifty-six patients diagnosed with HCM were recruited. The morphologic characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) were analysed. BMB was detected in 178 (69.5%) patients by echocardiography. Patients were separated by a resting or provocative LVOT gradient ≥30 mmHg or not. Compared to patients without LVOTO, patients with LVOTO had a significantly thicker basal septum, elongated anterior mitral leaflet (AML), shorter distance between the AML-free margin and the septum or BMB (M-sept/bundle), larger angle between the plane of the mitral valvular orifice and the ascending aorta (MV-AO angle), and higher prevalence of BMB (P &lt; 0.05). According to multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of LVOTO were the presence of BMB, a large basal septum thickness, a short M-sept/bundle, a large MV-AO angle, and a large AML [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 5.207 (1.381–19.633), 1.386(1.141–1.683), 0.615(0.499–0.756), 1.113(1.054–1.176), and 1.343(1.076–1.677), respectively, P &lt; 0.05]. Of the 256 included patients, 139 underwent surgical myectomy. The transthoracic echocardiography, compared with surgical specimen, showed: sensitivity 98.3%, specificity 82.3%, positive predictive value 97.6%, negative predictive value 87.5%, and accuracy 96.4% to detect BMB.

Conclusions
BMB is common in HCM. BMB is a risk factor for LVOTO.
Association between work status and depression in informal caregivers: a collaborative modelling approach
Authors: O’Neill Aoife , Gallagher Stephen , Hannigan Ailish , Robinson Katie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Care is regularly provided on an informal basis by family and friends and it is well established that caregivers experience high rates of depression. The majority of research on caregivers tends to focus on older, full-time caregivers, with less attention paid to working caregivers (in paid employment). The aim of this study is to explore the impact of work status on depression in caregivers.

Methods
A sample of individuals from the 2014 European Social Survey dataset, aged 18 and older, who reported being a caregiver, were investigated (n = 11 177). Differences in sociodemographic, mental and physical health and social network variables, between working and non-working caregivers, were investigated. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between the caregivers’ work status and depression. This study was developed in partnership with a panel of caregivers who contributed to the conceptualization and interpretation of the statistical analysis.

Results
Findings showed that 51% of caregivers reported being in paid employment. Non-working caregivers were more likely to be female, older, widowed, have lower education levels and provide intensive caring hours. They were also more likely to report depressive symptoms than working caregivers after controlling for sociodemographic, social networks and intensity of caring (adjusted odds ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.54–2.03). The panel considered policies to support continued work important as a means of maintaining positive mental health for caregivers.

Conclusions
Supportive policies, such as flexible working and care leave, are recommended to allow caregivers to continue in paid work and better manage their health, caring and working responsibilities.
Psychosocial effects of the quarantine during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the residents of the island of Brač
Authors: Mrduljaš-Đujić Nataša , Antičević Vesna , Britvić Dolores 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
An unprecedented health and economic crisis in small island communities during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated the importance of studying its harmful effects on residents’ mental health.

Objectives
To examine the differences in negative affectivity, perceived stressors, and social support both on the quarantined and not quarantined islands.

Methods
A web-based survey and correlational cross-sectional research design were used, based on a nonprobabilistic convenience sampling method to select 613 Croatian islands’ residents during May 2020. The participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the General Information Questionnaire, data on their exposures to stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic and the perceived social support.

Results
Compared with the nonquarantined residents of other islands, the island of Brač residents scored significantly higher on the symptoms of depression (M = 11.61; t = 2.13, P &lt; 0.05) and stress (M = 13.06; t = 3.21, P = 0.001) subscales, receiving more support from religious communities (t = 2.34, P = 0.02) and less from the physicians (t = −2.68, P = 0.01). Lower sociodemographic status was associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to protect mental health in isolated island areas specially for singles and people of low socioeconomic status.
“You Just Forge Ahead”: The Continuing Challenges of Disaster Preparedness and Response in Long-Term Care
Authors: Peterson Lindsay J , Dobbs Debra , June Joseph , Dosa David M , Hyer Kathryn 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Protecting nursing home and assisted living community residents during disasters continues to be a challenge. The present study explores the experiences of long-term care facilities in Florida that were exposed to Hurricane Irma in 2017.

Research Design and Methods
We used an abductive approach, combining induction and deduction. Interviews and focus groups beginning in May 2018 were conducted by telephone and in person with 89 administrative staff members representing 100 facilities (30 nursing homes and 70 assisted living communities). Analyses identified themes and subthemes. Findings were further analyzed using the social ecological model to better understand the preparedness and response of nursing homes and assisted living communities to Hurricane Irma.

Results
3 main themes were identified including: (1) importance of collaborative relationships in anticipating needs and planning to shelter in place or evacuate; (2) efforts required to maintain safety and stability during an unprecedented event; and (3) effects, repercussions, and recommendations for change following the disaster.

Discussion and Implications
Preparing for and managing disasters in nursing homes and assisted living communities involves actions within multiple environments beyond the residents and facilities where they live. Among these, community-level relationships are critical.
Distinct shifts in site-specific glycosylation pattern of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins associated with arising mutations in the D614G and Alpha variants
Authors: Kuo Chu-Wei , Yang Tzu-Jing , Chien Yu-Chun , Yu Pei-Yu , Hsu Shang-Te Danny , Khoo Kay-Hooi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Extensive glycosylation of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus not only shields the major part of it from host immune responses, but glycans at specific sites also act on its conformation dynamics and contribute to efficient host receptor binding, and hence infectivity. As variants of concern arise during the course of the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic, it is unclear if mutations accumulated within the spike protein would affect its site-specific glycosylation pattern. The Alpha variant derived from the D614G lineage is distinguished from others by having deletion mutations located right within an immunogenic supersite of the spike N-terminal domain (NTD) that make it refractory to most neutralizing antibodies directed against this domain. Despite maintaining an overall similar structural conformation, our mass spectrometry-based site-specific glycosylation analyses of similarly produced spike proteins with and without the D614G and Alpha variant mutations reveal a significant shift in the processing state of N-glycans on one specific NTD site. Its conversion to a higher proportion of complex type structures is indicative of altered spatial accessibility attributable to mutations specific to the Alpha variant that may impact its transmissibility. This and other more subtle changes in glycosylation features detected at other sites provide crucial missing information otherwise not apparent in the available cryogenic electron microscopy-derived structures of the spike protein variants.
Extended Collective Licencing in the DSM Directive ‒ An Opportunity to Make Art. 17 DSM Directive Work?
Authors: Rauer Nils , Bibi Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Digital content is the core asset and currency of the internet. However, there is a common and well-founded perception that those who create this content do not participate in the revenue generated online as they ought to. Adequate protection by way of a modern and concise copyright regime is rightly deemed to be the answer to this dilemma. Accordingly, the legislator has made several attempts to keep pace with the technological developments of the last two decades. Still, it remains a struggle. The latest legislative amendment within European copyright law has created a very interesting tool kit. New liabilities and licensing obligations for major service providers come hand in hand with the opportunity to obtain extended collective licenses. Deploying these tools in a sensible and dovetailed way could be highly rewarding. The following article looks more closely into this opportunity.
Containment, Health, and Social Policies in the Time of COVID-19 – Determinants and Outcomes of Initial Responses across 120 Countries
Authors: Wang Julia Shu-Huah , Peng Chenhong , Luo Hao , Zhang Jinbao , Oh Hans 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered an unprecedented number of policy responses around the world across multiple policy domains. While governments have combined containment and health policies with social policies (CHSPs) during the initial phase of the pandemic in various ways, the current literature offers little knowledge of the patterns of these combinations and their determinants and outcomes. This paper fills this gap by investigating CHSP combinations across ≥120 countries. We further examined whether the CHSP response was determined by political regimes or compensation hypotheses—serving the purposes of responding to pre-existing economic downturns, inequality or social unrest. We also investigated the associations between CHSP responses and mobility, virus infection and unemployment. Using policy data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, results from sequence analysis indicated that governments’ CHSP responses could be clustered into five categories: high social policies (SPs), middle SPs, containment and health (CH) leading SPs, low SPs and gradual high SPs. We used multinomial regression models to investigate determinants of CHSP responses. We found that CHSP responses did not differ by political regimes, and CHSP combinations were not driven by compensation hypotheses. Instead, gross domestic product per capita and government effectiveness were the key drivers for high levels of policy responses. We also found that low SP responses were associated with fewer mobility changes. Taken together, our findings suggest that lower-income countries required more support and resources in order for them to adopt necessary CH and SP responses.
Exploring protective factors through positive psychology and salutogenesis in Danish families with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Meldgaard Julie , Jespersen Louise Norman , Andersen Tue Helms , Grabowski Dan 
Published: September 2021

Summary
People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) live with several challenges, which may enhance the risk of poor mental and physical health. However, despite living with a chronic illness, some individuals manage to achieve a life with positivity and well-being. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of Positive Psychology and Salutogenesis when analyzing how families with one or more members with T2D experience having resources leading to thriving. Data consist of 18 semi-structured family interviews with 38 participants. Data were analyzed using systematic text condensation with the concepts of sense of coherence and upward/downward spirals as the analytical framework. The analysis revealed three overall findings: (i) T2D is perceived as manageable due to general optimism despite living with a chronic illness; (ii) establishing supportive social relations means having the opportunity to share the burden of diabetes; and (iii) achieving an open dialogue and communicating the difficulties of diabetes without straining surroundings with negative illness communication. The three overall findings may reinforce each other in an upward spiral and enhance the sense of coherence. These findings have implications for diabetes management research and our understanding of psychological health in chronic illness. The overall goal is to help people with diabetes create meaning with their illness and make use of their social environment through dialogue and communication in order to increase positivity, optimism and mental health.
Long-term Antibiotic Treatment in Pouchitis—Patterns of Use and Safety
Authors: Bar Nir , Avraham Yoav , Dubinsky Vadim , Cohen Nathaniel A , Weiss Guy A , Banon Lian , Tulchinsky Hagit , Maharshak Nitsan , Gophna Uri , Dotan Iris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPouchitis, often developing after colectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis, is highly responsive to antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin and/or metronidazole are commonly used, often for prolonged periods. We report patterns of antibiotic use, adverse events, and resistant infections in patients with pouchitis with long-term antibiotic treatment.MethodsIn a cohort of patients following pouch surgery, a retrospective nested case-control analysis was performed between 2010 and 2017. Ultra-long-term use, defined as the top 10% of users, was compared with the remaining users. Patterns of antibiotic use, adverse events, and resistant infections were analyzed.ResultsThe cohort included 205 patients with UC, of whom 167 (81.5%) used antibiotics for pouchitis, predominantly ciprofloxacin. The long-term antibiotic use rate was 18% and 42% at 5 and 20 years postsurgery, respectively. Mean antibiotic use of at least 1, 3, and 6 months/year was noted in 54 (26.3%), 31 (15.1%), and 14 (6.8%) patients, respectively. Twenty-two (13.2%) and 4 (2.4%) patients reported mild and severe (transient) adverse events, respectively, without mortalities, tendinopathies or arrhythmias. Adverse event rates for ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were 1per 10,000 and 6 per 10,000 use-days, respectively. Longer, but not ultra-long antibiotic use, was associated with mild adverse events. There was no association between antibiotic use and resistant infections. Thirteen (6.3%) patients required ileostomy procedures—more commonly in the ultra-long-term antibiotic users.ConclusionsPatients with pouchitis may require prolonged antibiotic treatment, reflecting clinical benefit and favorable safety profile. Few adverse events and resistant infections were observed with long-term antibiotics use. However, resistant microbial strains selection, which are potentially transmittable, warrants consideration of different therapeutic alternatives.
Incidence and risk factors for pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Özdemir Servet , Bilgi Deniz Özel , Hergünsel Gülsüm Oya , Çitak Necati 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The incidence of pneumomediastinum (PNMD), its causes of development and its effect on prognosis in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not clear.

METHODS
Between March 2020 and December 2020, 427 patients with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit were analysed retrospectively. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for initial invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) variables such as initial peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), PaO2/FiO2 (P/F ratio), tidal volume, compliance and positive end-expiratory pressure was evaluated regarding PNMD development.

RESULTS
The incidence of PNMD was 5.6% (n = 24). PNMD development rate was 2.7% in non-invasive MV and 6.2% in MV [odds ratio (OR) 2.352, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.541–10.232; P = 0.400]. In the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors affecting the development of PNMD were PIP (OR 1.238, 95% CI 1.091–1.378; P &lt; 0.001) and P/F ratio (OR 0.982, 95% CI 0.971–0.994; P = 0.004). P/F ratio (AUC 0.815, 95% CI 0.771–0.854), PIP (AUC 0.780, 95% CI 0.734–0.822), compliance (AUC 0.735, 95% CI 0.677–0.774) and positive end-expiratory pressure (AUC 0.718, 95% CI 0.668–0.764) were the best predictors for PNMD development. Regarding the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors affecting mortality were detected as age (OR 1.015, 95% CI 0.999–1.031; P = 0.04), comorbidity (OR 1.940, 95% CI 1.100–3.419; P = 0.02), mode of breathing (OR 48.345, 95% CI 14.666–159.360; P &lt; 0.001), PNMD (OR 5.234, 95% CI 1.379–19.857; P = 0.01), positive end-expiratory pressure (OR 1.305, 95% CI 1.062–1.603; P = 0.01) and tidal volume (OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.992–0.998; P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS
PNMD development was associated with the initial P/F ratio and PIP. Therefore, it was considered to be related to both the patient and barotrauma. PNMD is a poor prognostic factor for COVID-19.