bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small spheroids for head and neck cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Reutter Sven , Kern Johann , Jakob Yvonne , Rotter Nicole , Gvaramia David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe demand for cartilage reconstruction in the head and neck region arises frequently due to trauma, malignancies, and hereditary diseases. Traditional tissue engineering produces cartilage from a small biopsy by combining biomaterials and expanded cells. However, this top-down approach is associated with several limitations, including the non-uniform distribution of cells, lack of physiological cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and compromised mechanical properties and tissue architecture. The capacity of cells to aggregate into microtissues enables an alternative bottom-up approach to producing cartilage with or without further scaffolding support. Here we explored the optimal conditions for obtaining small spheroids from head and neck cartilage tissues. We used chondrocytes (CCs) and chondroprogenitors (CPCs) isolated from auricular and nasoseptal cartilage to prepare spheroids using ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates or micromass cultures. Different cell densities were tested to estimate the minimal cell number required for optimal spheroid formation. Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of key chondrogenic cytokines, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, on spheroid morphology and the production of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Spheroids expressing cartilage markers were formed with 2.5 × 104 cells in a commercially available chondrogenic differentiation medium on ULA plates but not in conventional micromass cultures. Differences were seen in auricular and nasal spheroids with respect to growth patterns and response to cytokine composition. Auricular spheroids were larger and showed size increase in culture, whereas nasal aggregates tended to shrink. Cytokines differentially influenced spheroid growth, and ECM structure and composition. Under all tested conditions, both spheroid types generated one or more cartilage ECM components, including elastin, which was also found in nasal spheroids despite their hyaline origin. Our results suggest that spheroid cultures can offer a viable approach to generating mature cartilage tissue without a biomaterial scaffold. Furthermore, nasal CCs and CPCs can be used to generate elastic cartilage. The findings of the study provide technical insights toward the goal of obtaining cartilage microtissues that can be potentially used for reconstructive procedures of HNC cartilage defects.
Research on the operational properties of the soft gripper pads
Authors: Białek Marcin , Rybarczyk Dominik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGrippers are commonly used as a technological tooling for manipulators. They enable robots to interact with objects in their work area. Grippers have a wide range of differentiation focused on the operation performed and the properties (e.g. shape) of the object being gripped. Their design and functionality are constantly being modified, tuned and developed by both academic and industrial units. Consequently, this paper presents a proposal for a lightweight jaw using MR fluid, which can be implemented in a jaw gripper (e.g. Robotiq 2F-140) to form a hybrid soft-rigid structure. In addition, methods are presented for studying the use of soft structures in a jaw gripper. As part of the work carried out, a model of the cushion and jaw of the gripper was developed, the FEM was used to obtain the character of the deformation when the object is axially plunged into it. Experimental plunging tests as well as dynamic tests of object transfer were also carried out. The work carried out allowed to demonstrate several key aspects of the grippers area. The soft structures of the grippers should be studied in terms of the force required to deform them. This determines their applicability to fragile and deformable objects. Dynamic measurements of the handling of objects of different shapes, with simultaneous measurement of force, allow the effectiveness of the use of soft structures in the gripper to be determined. Such experiments will make it possible to determine the measurable stability and repeatability of the grasp. The results of the research and experiments will be particularly applicable to robotic arms with relatively low lifting capacity.
Candidate bus identification for voltage stability enhancement of wind‐penetrated power system based on spectral learning technique
Authors: Zhou Niancheng , Guo Jinsheng , Chi Yuan , Zheng Xinying , Wang Qianggang , Luo Yongjie , Ye Jia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDynamic reactive power sources can efficiently address the voltage stability problem of a wind‐penetrated power system and the possibility of cascading failures, which are caused by the decreasing inertia and the increasing complexity of the system dynamics. However, their applications are limited by the high investment cost. Identifying appropriate buses for the deployment can improve the economy and efficiency of reactive power source configuration and reduce the complexity of deployment models. Here, a new metric is proposed to guide the selection of candidate buses, based on the improved spectral learning technique and the quantitative assessment of the short‐term voltage stability. Specifically, a new short‐term voltage stability metric is developed to assess the dynamic voltage responses of different stages after a contingency. Then, an improved spectral learning algorithm with objective priorities assigned to different buses is used for the bus selection, aiming to identify the most influential buses, in terms of short‐term voltage stability and propagation potentials. A two‐dimensional decision‐making methodology is proposed, considering both the capacity sensitivity and the bus's structural characteristics. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated on a New England 39‐bus system using an electromechanical transient model.
Suppression of photospheric velocity fluctuations in strongly magnetic O stars in radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations
Authors: ud-Doula A. , Sundqvist J. O. , Narechania N. , Debnath D. , Moens N. , Keppens R. 
Published: December 2024

Context. O stars generally show clear signs of strong line broadening (in addition to rotational broadening) in their photospheric absorption lines (typically referred to as macroturbulence), believed to originate in a turbulent sub-surface zone associated with enhanced opacities due to the recombination of iron-group elements (at T ~ 150–200 kK). O stars with detected global magnetic fields also display such macroturbulence; the sole exception to this is NGC 1624-2, which also has the strongest (by far) detected field of the known magnetic O stars. It has been suggested that this lack of additional line broadening is due to NGC 1624-2’s exceptionally strong magnetic field, which might be able to suppress the turbulent velocity field generated in the iron opacity peak zone.
Aims. We tested this hypothesis based on two-dimensional (2D), time-dependent, radiation magnetohydrodynamical (RMHD) box- in-a-star simulations for O stars that encapsulate the deeper sub-surface atmosphere (down to T ~ 400 kK), the stellar photosphere, and the onset of the supersonic line-driven wind in one unified approach. To study the potential suppression of atmospheric velocity fluctuations, we extended our previous non-magnetic O star radiation-hydrodynamic (RHD) simulations to include magnetic fields of varying strengths and orientations.
Methods. We used MPI-AMRVAC, which is a Fortran 90 based publically available parallel finite volume code that is highly modular. We used the recently added RMHD module to perform all our simulations here.
Results. For moderately strong magnetic cases (~1 kG), the simulated atmospheres are highly structured and characterised by large root-mean-square velocities, and our results are qualitatively similar to those found in previous non-magnetic studies. By contrast, we find that a strong horizontal magnetic field in excess of 10 kG can indeed suppress the large velocity fluctuations, and can thus stabilise (and thereby also inflate) the atmosphere of a typical early O star in the Galaxy. On the other hand, an equally strong radial field is only able to suppress horizontal motions, and as a consequence these models exhibit significant radial fluctuations.
Conclusions. Our simulations provide an overall physical rationale as to why NGC 1624-2 with its strong ~20 kG dipolar field lacks the large macroturbulent line broadening that all other known slowly rotating early O stars exhibit. However, our simulations also highlight the importance of field geometry for controlling the atmospheric dynamics in massive and luminous stars that are strongly magnetic, tentatively suggesting latitudinal dependence of macroturbulence and basic photospheric parameters.
Analysis of the Potential Mechanism of Sanhua Decoction in Treating Ischemic Stroke Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Dan , Yue Min , Yan Cheng , Li Feng , Qi Yonghua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the action mechanism of Sanhua decoction in treating ischemic stroke through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.
Methods Active components and related targets of Sanhua decoction were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. A “drug-active component-target” network was constructed, and core components were selected through topological analysis. Disease targets related to ischemic stroke were screened based on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), GeneCards, DrugBank, and PharmGKB databases. The intersection of active component–related targets and ischemic stroke disease targets was identified to obtain potential targets of Sanhua decoction for treating ischemic stroke, represented using a Venn diagram. The STRING database was used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of potential targets and filter for core targets. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of core targets were performed using the DAVID database and Metascape platform. Molecular docking verification of core targets and core components was conducted using AutoDock.
Results A total of 52 active components and 142 related targets were screened from Sanhua decoction, with core active components including luteolin, nobiletin, β-sitosterol, eucalyptol, and aloe-emodin. There were 2,991 ischemic stroke–related targets, with 98 potential targets identified in the intersection with active component–related targets. An analysis of the PPI network analysis revealed 23 core targets, including serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (AKT1), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3). Enrichment analysis obtained 35 GO results and 41 signaling pathways. Molecular docking results indicated good binding between core components and core targets.
Conclusion Multiple components in the classic formula Sanhua decoction, such as luteolin and nobiletin, may play a role in treating ischemic stroke by regulating core targets like AKT1, TP53, and MAPK3, and participating in multiple signaling pathways.
Enhanced structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties in Cr3+-substituted Mg0.5R0.5Fe1.5Cr0.5O4 (R = Cu, Zn) ferrites
Authors: Parajuli D. , Raju M. K. , Reddy T. Amaranatha , Shanmukhi P. S. V. , Ratnaraju M. , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Murali N. , Samatha K. , Ramesh Avala , Manepalli R. K. N. R. 
Published: December 2024

This study examines the structural, microstructural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Cr3+-substituted ferrites, specifically Mg0.5Cu0.5Fe1.5Cr0.5O4 and Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe1.5Cr0.5O4, synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. Structural and phase purity assessments were conducted via x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure in both ferrites, with derived lattice parameters (8.402 and 8.497 Å) and crystallite sizes (44.70 and 30.05 nm) supporting consistent structural integrity. SEM analysis in association with ImageJ software showed grain sizes between 732 and 324 nm, while FTIR spectra revealed characteristic tetrahedral and octahedral vibration bands. Notably, the saturation magnetization increased significantly with Cu2+ concentration, from 38.67 to 60.45 emu/g, indicating an enhancement in magnetic properties. The dielectric behavior, analyzed over a 100–105 Hz range, exhibited Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and electron hopping effects between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, contributing to typical dispersion patterns. This improvement in magnetic and dielectric properties, particularly in the Cu-doped samples, underscores the effectiveness of Cr3+ substitution in tuning material characteristics. The findings suggest that these modified ferrites hold promise for high-frequency electronic applications, such as inductors, transformers, and electromagnetic interference shielding materials, where both magnetic stability and efficient dielectric performance are critical. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of advanced ferrites for multifunctional electronic devices.
Angular dynamic model for fault detection of the outer raceway of the RV reducer main bearings under low-speed conditions
Authors: Wang Lin , Guo Yu , Shen Yankang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Because industrial robot joints typically operate at low speeds, conventional vibration-based fault detection techniques are unsuitable for detecting the fault of the main bearing in an industrial robot joint or rotary vector (RV) reducer. This study aims to assist in the development of the instantaneous angular speed (IAS) based main bearing fault detection method by investigating the angular response patterns caused by RV reducer main bearings with spall on the outer raceway under low-speed conditions. This study establishes an angular dynamic model to explain the IAS jitters caused by the main bearing with spall on the outer raceway under low-speed conditions. First, the radial and axial deformations arising from the contact between the roller and raceway were analyzed using Hertz contact theory. Subsequently, formulas for the induced tangential force and moment generated by the contact deformation were derived, considering the additional displacement and torque resulting from the impact force. The IAS jitters reveal the torque changes associated with the spall under low-speed conditions, enabling the estimation of the spall size by determining the start and end points of the IAS jitters. The model contribute to developing IAS-based main bearing fault detection methods for industrial robot joints.
VSPNet: a vehicle speed prediction model incorporating transformer and BiLSTM
Authors: Zhu Qinglin , Chen Dehui , Wang Zhangu , Lv Baibing , Zhao Ziliang , Zhao Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing adoption of hybrid vehicles, energy management strategies have become a prominent research focus. Accurate vehicle speed prediction (VSP) is a critical prerequisite for achieving optimal results in predictive energy management strategies. However, existing speed prediction algorithms fail to fully leverage vehicle data to enhance prediction accuracy. Therefore, a novel VSP Net (VSPNet) is proposed in this study. Firstly, we constructed a combined cycle condition for model training through comprehensive analysis and analyzed the vehicle feature parameters through the random forest algorithm and Pearson correlation analysis to select the best input feature parameters. Then a VSPNet speed prediction model is proposed based on the Transformer model. In the encoder part, firstly, by assigning weights to the input feature parameters and incorporating the temporal attention mechanism, the model is made to make better use of the input features from two dimensions, and at the same time the Transformer model’s encoder based on positional coding combined with Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory belonging to recurrent neural networks, which is used as a decoder to better catch and handle long-term dependencies in sequence data. Finally, a comparative experiment between VSPNet and the classical speed prediction models was carried out. The proposed VSPNet model reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) by 37%, 22%, and 20% and mean absolute error (MAE) by 39%, 25, and 24% compared to the LSTM model for the prediction time horizons of 3, 5, and 8 s. The RMSE is reduced by 47%, 28%, and 7%, and the MAE is reduced by 47%, 30%, and 9% compared to the Transformer model for the prediction time horizons of 3, 5, and 8 s. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of this speed prediction model.
Optimized multi-line laser calibration based on innovative 3D target for high-precision vision systems
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Yang Pei , Wu Qiang , Zhang Jin , Xia Haojie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To achieve high-precision calibration of multi-line structured light vision measurement systems, this paper proposes a novel multi-line laser calibration method based on an encoded 3D target. Unlike traditional calibration methods that rely on 2D and 3D targets, the proposed method eliminates the need for multiple adjustments of target pose and multiple image captures, enabling rapid calibration of multiple laser lines in a single shot. The encoded 3D target designed in this study includes several flexible, adjustable planar coded feature boards, rendering it adaptable to different multi-line laser spacings and enhancing its applicability and practicality. Furthermore, this study introduces reverse reprojection constraints to optimize the proposed calibration method. This optimization enhances the precision of the light plane parameters and corrects the camera parameters. Comparative experiments with other light plane calibration methods confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in terms of measurement accuracy.
Continuous implicit neural representation for arbitrary super-resolution of system matrix in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Miao Zhaoji , Zhang Liwen , Tian Jie , Yang Guanyu , Hui Hui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to detect tracer materials consisting of magnetic nanoparticles. System matrix (SM) based image reconstruction is essential for achieving high image quality in MPI. However, the time-consuming SM calibrations need to be repeated whenever the magnetic field’s or nanoparticle’s characteristics change. Accelerating this calibration process is therefore crucial. The most common acceleration approach involves undersampling during the SM calibration procedure, followed by super-resolution methods to recover the high-resolution SM. However, these methods typically require separate training of multiple models for different undersampling ratios, leading to increased storage and training time costs. Approach. We propose an arbitrary-scale SM super-resolution method based on continuous implicit neural representation (INR). Using INR, the SM is modeled as a continuous function in space, enabling arbitrary-scale super-resolution by sampling the function at different densities. A cross-frequency encoder is implemented to share SM frequency information and analyze contextual relationships, resulting in a more intelligent and efficient sampling strategy. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are utilized to learn and optimize the grid sampling process in INR, leveraging the advantage of CNNs in learning local feature associations and considering surrounding information comprehensively. Main results. Experimental results on OpenMPI demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods and enables calibration at any scale with a single model. The proposed method achieves high accuracy and efficiency in SM recovery, even at high undersampling rates. Significance. The proposed method significantly reduces the storage and training time costs associated with SM calibration, making it more practical for real-world applications. By enabling arbitrary-scale super-resolution with a single model, our approach enhances the flexibility and efficiency of MPI systems, paving the way for more widespread adoption of MPI technology.
Effect of calcination temperature on the physicochemical properties of natural hydroxyapatite derived from Catla fish bone
Authors: Bee Soo-Ling , Noor Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Hamid Zuratul Ain Abdul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of calcination temperature on the crystallinity and composition of hydroxyapatite derived from Catla bone waste using thermal calcination approach. To achieve this, bone waste was first cleaned and then thermally treated at varying calcination temperatures (650°C, 750°C, and 900°C) to yield hydroxyapatite. XRD and FTIR analyses revealed that elevating the calcination temperature leads to higher crystallinity and a reduction in carbonate content within the hydroxyapatite structure. FTIR analysis also revealed that calcination of Catla bone from 650 to 750 ·C will form B-type carbonated hydroxyapatite. Nonetheless, a biphasic calcium phosphate mixture, which is ascribed to the decomposition of hydroxyapatite phase into tricalcium phosphate was observed for product sintered at 900 ·C. Meanwhile, EDS analysis revealed the existence of trace elements, including Mg, K, Na, Si, and Sr within the crystal structure of all calcined products, irrespective of the employed calcination temperature. In conclusion, a calcination temperature of 650 °C emerged as the optimal choice for HAp extraction from Catla fish bone. This temperature not only maintained lower crystallinity but also preserved carbonate content, yielding single-phase HAp with properties well-suited for bone tissue engineering application.
Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Virgin and Recycled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) for the Blown Film Extrusion
Authors: Zulbakri ML , Abdullah MK , Amin AAM , Shuib RK , Abdul Hamid ZA , Idroas MY , Majid MFMA 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties when blending virgin and recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) for blown film extrusion. The investigation has been made to ensure the films meet or surpass the standards and specifications of commercial HDPE films. A sample with uniform film thickness was produced for both materials before mechanical testing using a universal testing machine. The films were cut into dumbbell shapes in machine and transverse directions, followed by a tensile test of ASTM D638 Type IV standard with a crosshead speed of 50 mm/min and 50 mm gauge length. Results such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus were obtained. The mechanical properties of films made from virgin HDPE and recycled HDPE were compared in various mixture ratios and with those of commercial HDPE film. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the 8:2 mixture of virgin and recycled HDPE films perform better than the 9:1 or 7:3 mixture, which also outperforms those of commercial HDPE films, with higher tensile strength and elongation at break.