bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of mesoporous silica from geothermal water
Authors: Watanabe Yujiro , Amitani Naoki , Yokoyama Takushi , Ueda Akira , Kusakabe Minoru , Unami Shigeko , Odashima Yoshiji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMesoporous silica was successfully synthesized for the first time using geothermal water from the Onuma Geothermal Power Plant, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as an organic template for the synthesis. CTAB with a concentration of 2.4 × 10–4 mol/L was reacted for 30 min with geothermal water at a temperature of 90 °C, which had a total silicic acid concentration of 475 mg/L (SiO2), at pH 7.0, pH 8.2 (raw water) and pH 9.0. By calcination of the resulting precipitate at 550 °C, mesoporous silica with a pore size of about 2.8 nm and a specific surface area of > 800 m2/g was formed. The total silicic acid concentration in the solution after formation of the mesoporous precipitates was reduced to < 280 mg/L, indicating efficient recovery of supersaturated silicic acid from geothermal water. The monosilicic acid in geothermal water plays an important role in the formation of mesoporous silica. Production of mesoporous silica by our method will contribute not only to prevention of silica scale formation in the piping systems of geothermal power plants but also to its use as an industrial resource.
Biological features between miRNAs and their targets are unveiled from deep learning models
Authors: Gu Tongjun , Xie Mingyi , Barbazuk W. Brad , Lee Ji-Hyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~ 22 nucleotide ubiquitous gene regulators. They modulate a broad range of essential cellular processes linked to human health and diseases. Consequently, identifying miRNA targets and understanding how they function are critical for treating miRNA associated diseases. In our earlier work, a hybrid deep learning-based approach (miTAR) was developed for predicting miRNA targets. It performs substantially better than the existing methods. The approach integrates two major types of deep learning algorithms: convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). However, the features in miRNA:target interactions learned by miTAR have not been investigated. In the current study, we demonstrated that miTAR captures known features, including the involvement of seed region and the free energy, as well as multiple novel features, in the miRNA:target interactions. Interestingly, the CNN and RNN layers of the model perform differently at capturing the free energy feature: the units in RNN layer is more unique at capturing the feature but collectively the CNN layer is more efficient at capturing the feature. Although deep learning models are commonly thought “black-boxes”, our discoveries support that the biological features in miRNA:target can be unveiled from deep learning models, which will be beneficial to the understanding of the mechanisms in miRNA:target interactions.
Potent but transient immunosuppression of T-cells is a general feature of CD71+ erythroid cells
Authors: Grzywa Tomasz M. , Sosnowska Anna , Rydzynska Zuzanna , Lazniewski Michal , Plewczynski Dariusz , Klicka Klaudia , Malecka-Gieldowska Milena , Rodziewicz-Lurzynska Anna , Ciepiela Olga , Justyniarska Magdalena , Pomper Paulina , Grzybowski Marcin M. , Blaszczyk Roman , Wegrzynowicz Michal , Tomaszewska Agnieszka , Basak Grzegorz , Golab Jakub , Nowis Dominika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) have been recently recognized in both neonates and cancer patients as potent immunoregulatory cells. Here, we show that in mice early-stage CECs expand in anemia, have high levels of arginase 2 (ARG2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the spleens of anemic mice, CECs expansion-induced L-arginine depletion suppresses T-cell responses. In humans with anemia, CECs expand and express ARG1 and ARG2 that suppress T-cells IFN-γ production. Moreover, bone marrow CECs from healthy human donors suppress T-cells proliferation. CECs differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells potently suppress T-cell activation, proliferation, and IFN-γ production in an ARG- and ROS-dependent manner. These effects are the most prominent for early-stage CECs (CD71highCD235adim cells). The suppressive properties disappear during erythroid differentiation as more differentiated CECs and mature erythrocytes lack significant immunoregulatory properties. Our studies provide a novel insight into the role of CECs in the immune response regulation.
Universality of noise-induced resilience restoration in spatially-extended ecological systems
Authors: Ma Cheng , Korniss Gyorgy , Szymanski Boleslaw K. , Gao Jianxi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany systems may switch to an undesired state due to internal failures or external perturbations, of which critical transitions toward degraded ecosystem states are prominent examples. Resilience restoration focuses on the ability of spatially-extended systems and the required time to recover to their desired states under stochastic environmental conditions. The difficulty is rooted in the lack of mathematical tools to analyze systems with high dimensionality, nonlinearity, and stochastic effects. Here we show that nucleation theory can be employed to advance resilience restoration in spatially-embedded ecological systems. We find that systems may exhibit single-cluster or multi-cluster phases depending on their sizes and noise strengths. We also discover a scaling law governing the restoration time for arbitrary system sizes and noise strengths in two-dimensional systems. This approach is not limited to ecosystems and has applications in various dynamical systems, from biology to infrastructural systems.
Evaluation of Remote Categorical Loudness Scaling
Authors: Kopun Judy G. , Turner McKenna , Harris Sara E. , Kamerer Aryn M. , Neely Stephen T. , Rasetshwane Daniel M. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The aims of this study were to (a) demonstrate the feasibility of administering categorical loudness scaling (CLS) tests in a remote setting, (b) assess the reliability of remote compared with laboratory CLS results, and (c) provide preliminary evidence of the validity of remote CLS testing.

Method:
CLS data from 21 adult participants collected in a home setting were compared to CLS data collected in a laboratory setting from previous studies. Five participants took part in studies in both settings. Precalibrated equipment was delivered to participants who performed headphone output level checks and measured ambient noise levels. After a practice run, CLS measurements were collected for two runs at 1 and 4 kHz.

Results:
Mean headphone output levels were within 1.5 dB of the target calibration level. Mean ambient noise levels were below the target level. Within-run variability was similar between the two settings, but across-run bias was smaller for data collected in the laboratory setting compared with the remote setting. Systematic differences in CLS functions were not observed for the five individuals who participated in both settings.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that precise stimulus levels can be delivered and background noise levels can be controlled in a home environment. Across-run bias for remote CLS was larger than for in-laboratory CLS, indicating that further work is needed to improve the reliability of CLS data collected in remote settings.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17131856
Using an Implementation Framework to Survey Outcome Measurement and Treatment Practices in Aphasia
Authors: Tierney-Hendricks Carla , Schliep Megan E. , Vallila-Rohter Sofia 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:Best practices in the field of aphasia rehabilitation increasingly acknowledge a whole-person approach that values interventions aimed at reducing impairments, while also recognizing the impact of aphasia on participation and quality of life. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), this study aimed to examine whether current clinical practices along levels of service provision reflect this whole-person, multifaceted approach.Method:Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States who provide intervention to people with aphasia across the continuum of care completed this cross-sectional online survey. Current outcome measurement and treatment practices were evaluated within the Living With Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement via multiple-choice and open-text response questions. Data were analyzed descriptively and using ordinal logistic regression models to compare clinical practices along levels of service provision.Results:Data from 90 SLPs revealed that language and cognitive skills are assessed with equal consistency across clinical settings; however, functional communication, participation, and quality of life domains are prioritized in settings providing care to clients within the community. Psychological well-being is rarely assessed within clinical practice along most of the rehabilitation process and prioritized within the university clinic setting when clients are in the chronic stage of recovery.Conclusions:Clinical practices related to a multifaceted approach to aphasia intervention are variable across levels of service provision. Further exploration of barriers and facilitators to multifaceted aphasia care along the domains of the CFIR is needed to provide an informed approach to implementing change.
Multi‐vehicle multi‐sensor occupancy grid map fusion in vehicular networks
Authors: Meng Xi , Duan Dongliang , Feng Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSensing is an essential part in autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems. It enables the vehicle to better understand itself and its surrounding environment. Vehicular networks support information sharing among different vehicles and hence enable the multi‐vehicle multi‐sensor cooperative sensing, which can greatly improve the sensing performance. However, there are a couple of issues to be addressed. First, the multi‐sensor data fusion needs to deal with heterogeneous data formats. Second, the cooperative sensing process needs to deal with low data quality and perception blind spots for some vehicles. In order to solve the above problems, in this paper the occupancy grid map is adopted to facilitate the fusion of multi‐vehicle and multi‐sensor data. The dynamic target detection frame and pixel information of the camera data are mapped to the static environment of the LiDAR point cloud, and the space‐based occupancy probability distribution kernel density estimation characterization fusion data is designed , and the occupancy grid map based on the probability level and the spatial level is generated. Real‐world experiments show that the proposed fusion framework is better compatible with the data information of different sensors and expands the sensing range by involving the collaborations among multiple vehicles in vehicular networks.
Subtraction dual‐wavelength for enhanced transmission performance of free‐space optical communication over turbulence effect
Authors: Kram A. R. , Kwang Thai S. A. , Tamrin K. F. , Sahari S. K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPerformance of a free‐space optical communication system is influenced by atmospheric turbulence which degrades signal transmission quality. A gamma–gamma channel model is employed to characterise this turbulence under weak‐to‐strong conditions. The proposed dual diffuser modulation using subtraction dual‐wavelength concept is combined with a phase screen diffuser to improve signal transmission. Its performances are compared with conventional intensity modulation‐direct detection on off keying and partial coherent beam on off keying techniques. In comparison, results show that the dual diffuser modulation demonstrates superior performances in both received power and bit rate transmission under different turbulence conditions.
Time‐varying frequency model for electric arc furnaces
Authors: Samet Haidar , Sadeghi Reza , Ghanbari Teymoor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate modelling of the Electric arc furnace (EAF) is necessary to study its impact on the power systems. Here, a new model for the EAF is presented in which both non‐linearity and time‐varying characteristics are taken into account. The model consists of seven parallel current sources which represent the fundamental and harmonic currents. Magnitude and phase of the fundamental harmonic and magnitude of the second to seventh harmonics are considered as time‐varying which are updated every 0.01 s. To do so, the actual data recorded from eight EAFs in the Mobarakeh steel company (MSC), Isfahan, Iran are used. Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models are employed to derive the parameters of the time‐varying model. Also, different orders and coefficients of the ARMA model are considered at each run of the model, which enables the proposed model to predict the non‐stationary and stochastic behaviours of the EAF over long‐time periods. It is shown that the proposed combined time‐varying‐harmonic model can even model the generated inter‐harmonics. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model, the derived power spectral density (PSD) of the EAF time‐varying parameters, the instantaneous flicker, and short‐term flicker by the proposed model are compared with the actual recorded data.
Infrared small target detection algorithm based on spatial dissimilarity weighted local contrast
Authors: Wang Zhonghua , Duan Siwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo solve the problem that the local contrast algorithm is easily influenced by the heavy clutter background or strong noise and does not fully consider the spatial neighbourhood characteristics of the small target, a spatial dissimilarity weighted local contrast‐based method (SDWLCM) for infrared small target detection is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the two‐dimensional difference of the Gaussian filter with central excitation and lateral suppression characteristics is chosen to preprocess the original infrared image for removing the flat background and improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the small target. Secondly, the spatial dissimilarity between the target and its surrounding backgrounds is designed for local contrast weighting to generate the contrast saliency map so that the heavy clutter background is greatly suppressed and the small target is further highlighted. Thirdly, the saliency map is segmented by the adaptive threshold to get the real targets. Experimental results show that, compared with other methods, the SDWLCM, which owns not only a higher SNR gain and a larger background suppression factor but also a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate, is confirmed to be an effective method to detect the small targets.
Exact relaxation of complementary constraints for optimal bidding strategy for electric vehicle aggregators
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Jing Zhaoxia , Li Zhigang , Xu Hedong , Ji Tianyao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper concentrates on the optimal bidding strategy of a plug‐in electric vehicle aggregator (PEVA) using indirect load control in the day‐ahead energy market, which is generally formulated as bilevel programming. However, this bilevel model is nonconvex and intractable due to the complementary constraints imposed to preclude plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) from simultaneously charging and discharging. To handle this problem, an exact relaxation method is first proposed to remove the complementary constraints of the PEVs' charging and discharging behaviours. To further reduce the complexity of the model, a method is proposed for the exact relaxation of the complementary slackness of Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker (KKT) conditions in the reformulated mathematical program with equilibrium constraints. By removing the complementary constraints, the relaxation methods can effectively reduce the complexity of the model and improve the computational performance. The results of the case study demonstrate the exactness and efficiency of the proposed relaxation methods. Specifically, in the test case with 1000 PEVs and 20 scenarios, 220,000 constraints are removed by the two exact relaxation methods. Moreover, using the second exact relaxation method, in the test case with 400 PEVs and 60 scenarios and the case with 1000 PEVs and 60 scenarios, the computational time drops by 30.3% and 23.3%, respectively.
Near-infrared transmission spectrum of TRAPPIST-1 h usingHubbleWFC3 G141 observations
Authors: Gressier A. , Mori M. , Changeat Q. , Edwards B. , Beaulieu J. P. , Marcq E. , Charnay B. 
Published: December 2021

Context.The TRAPPIST-1 planetary system is favourable for transmission spectroscopy and offers the unique opportunity to study rocky planets with possibly non-primary envelopes. We present here the transmission spectrum of the seventh planet of the TRAPPIST-1 system, TRAPPIST-1 h (RP= 0.752R⊕,Teq= 173 K) usingHubbleSpace Telescope (HST), Wide Field Camera 3 Grism 141 (WFC3/G141) data.Aims.Our purpose is to reduce the HST observations of the seventh planet of the TRAPPIST-1 system and, by testing a simple atmospheric hypothesis, to put a new constraint on the composition and the nature of the planet.Methods.First we extracted and corrected the raw data to obtain a transmission spectrum in the near-infrared (NIR) band (1.1–1.7 μm). TRAPPIST-1 is a cold M-dwarf and its activity could affect the transmission spectrum. We corrected for stellar modulations using three different stellar contamination models; while some fit the data better, they are statistically not significant and the conclusion remains unchanged concerning the presence or lack thereof of an atmosphere. Finally, using a Bayesian atmospheric retrieval code, we put new constraints on the atmosphere composition of TRAPPIST-1h.Results.According to the retrieval analysis, there is no evidence of molecular absorption in the NIR spectrum. This suggests the presence of a high cloud deck or a layer of photochemical hazes in either a primary atmosphere or a secondary atmosphere dominated by heavy species such as nitrogen. This result could even be the consequence of the lack of an atmosphere as the spectrum is better fitted using a flat line. Variations in the transit depth around 1.3 μm are likely due to remaining scattering noise and the results do not improve while changing the spectral resolution. TRAPPIST-1 h has probably lost its atmosphere or possesses a layer of clouds and hazes blocking the NIR signal. We cannot yet distinguish between a primary cloudy or a secondary clear envelope using HST/WFC3 data; however, in most cases with more than 3σconfidence, we can reject the hypothesis of a clear atmosphere dominated by hydrogen and helium. By testing the forced secondary atmospheric scenario, we find that a CO-rich atmosphere (i.e. with a volume mixing ratio of 0.2) is one of the best fits to the spectrum with a Bayes factor of 1.01, corresponding to a 2.1σdetection.
Schwangere Ärztinnen in den operativen Fachgebieten –
eine Befragung zur Umsetzung des Mutterschutzgesetzes unter sächsischen
Fachärztinnen
Authors: Schmauder Stefanie , Kämpf Daniel , Hegewald Janice , Catrein Beate , Nienhaus Albert , Seidler Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel der Studie war es, die Einhaltung des Arbeitsschutzes bei
schwangeren Ärztinnen operativer Fachgebiete zu untersuchen.
Methodik Alle sächsischen Fachärztinnen operativer
Fachgebiete bis 45 Jahre (n=595) wurden zu ihren Tätigkeiten
während der Schwangerschaft schriftlich befragt. Die Erfüllung
vorab festgelegter, expertenbasierter Kriterien des Arbeitsschutzes wurde
deskriptiv beschrieben. Mittels logistischer Regressionsanalyse wurden
berufliche (z. B. „Operieren aus Personalmangel“) und
persönliche (z. B. „Operieren aufgrund der
Weiterbildung“) Einflussfaktoren auf eine geringe Erfüllung des
Arbeitsschutzes (maximal die Hälfte der Kriterien erfüllt)
berechnet.
Ergebnisse 189 der 231 teilnehmenden Fachärztinnen
(Response=39%) hatten bereits Kinder geboren, oder waren zum
Befragungszeitpunkt schwanger. 55% waren während der
Schwangerschaft operativ tätig. Dabei waren durchschnittlich 7,4 der 16
abgefragten Arbeitsschutzmaßnahmen erfüllt (Median=8;
Spannweite 1–13). Alle vorab festgelegten Kriterien des Arbeitsschutzes
waren in keinem Fall erfüllt. Personalmangel hing in der multivariaten
Analyse mit einer geringen Erfüllung des Arbeitsschutzes zusammen
(OR=5,9 (95% CI 1,7–20,0)). Zwei Drittel der Frauen, die
nicht operativ tätig waren, übernahmen invasive
Tätigkeiten. Bei den Tätigkeiten außerhalb des
OP-Bereiches waren durchschnittlich 4,1 von 13 abgefragten
Arbeitsschutzmaßnahmen erfüllt (Median=4; Spannweite
0–8).
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen auf deutlichen
Verbesserungsbedarf im Arbeitsschutz operativ tätiger schwangerer
Ärztinnen hin.
COVID-19-Lockdown beeinträchtigt medizinisch notwendige Patientenversorgung – eine retrospektive Analyse während der ersten Welle in einer dermatologischen Hochschulambulanz im Frühjahr 2020
Authors: Gschnell Martin , Federspiel Pauline , Wolf Ronald 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die seit Ende 2019 sich ausbreitenden COVID-19-Infektionen haben zu weitreichenden Einschränkungen des öffentlichen Lebens geführt. Um eine Überlastung des deutschen Gesundheitssystems zu verhindern, wurden im medizinischen Bereich elektive Behandlungen während des ersten Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 stark eingeschränkt.Patienten und Methoden In dieser Studie wurde der Einfluss des Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 auf das Patientenaufkommen in einer dermatologischen Hochschulambulanz analysiert und mit entsprechenden Zeiträumen der Vorjahre 2018 und 2019 verglichen. Die Patientendaten wurden dem krankenhausinternen Dokumentationssystem nach standardisierten Kriterien entnommen.Ergebnisse Im Frühjahr 2020 war ein signifikanter Patientenrückgang um 28,3 % im Vergleich zu 2018 und um 28,7 % im Vergleich zu 2019 ersichtlich, zumeist waren Erstvorstellungen betroffen. V. a. bei der Anzahl der Patienten mit chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen und Tumorerkrankungen gab es Rückgänge zu verzeichnen. Insbesondere ältere Risikopatienten mit malignen Erkrankungen haben sich im Lockdown weniger häufig vorgestellt. Altersspezifische Unterschiede wurden nicht festgestellt, jedoch kam es zur Beeinträchtigung der Vorstellungshäufigkeit bei nicht-binären Minderheiten.Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigten einen Rückgang der Vorstellungsbereitschaft von Patienten mit dermatologischen Erkrankungen während des Lockdowns. Erkrankungen konnten länger unerkannt bleiben und infolge des dadurch bedingten späteren Behandlungsbeginns zu schwereren Krankheitsverläufen und schlechteren Therapiemöglichkeiten führen. Insbesondere bei Patienten mit bösartigen Erkrankungen kann dies zu einer schlechteren Prognose führen.
Effects of Lipid Overload on Heart in Metabolic
Diseases
Authors: Yan An , Xie Guinan , Ding Xinya , Wang Yi , Guo Liping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetabolic diseases are often associated with lipid and glucose metabolism
abnormalities, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Diabetic
cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important development of metabolic diseases and a
major cause of death. Lipids are the main fuel for energy metabolism in the
heart. The increase of circulating lipids affects the uptake and utilization of
fatty acids and glucose in the heart, and also affects mitochondrial function.
In this paper, the mechanism of lipid overload in metabolic diseases leading to
cardiac energy metabolism disorder is discussed.