bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mereological Structure of Distributivity: A Case Study of BinominalEach
Authors: Law Jess H-K 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBinominal each is known to exhibit selectional requirements on the noun phrase that immediately precedes it. The goal of this paper is to reduce these selectional requirements to a single requirement of monotonic growth of measurement in relation to the ‘size’ of distributivity. More concretely, it is argued that binominal each imposes a constraint on the functional dependencies arising from distributive quantification, requiring that the measurement of its host grows monotonically with the number of values being distributively quantified. To make constraints on dependencies formally explicit, I devise a version of dynamic plural logic with features from van den Berg (1996) and Brasoveanu (2008, 2013) to semantically represent dependencies arising from evaluating distributive quantification. The use of a dynamic logic, coupled with a delayed evaluation mechanism in terms of higher order meaning (Cresti, 1995; Swart, 2000; Charlow, 2021, allows the constraint to act as an output context constraint on distributive quantification, which mirrors the use of output constraints pioneered by Farkas (1997, 2002b) and and further developed in Brasoveanu (2013), Henderson (2014) and Kuhn (2017).
The use of radiolucent pedicle fixation in degenerative lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Xie Nathan , Kim Sihyong J , Mobbs Ralph J , Reddy Rajesh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Radiolucent pedicle screw fixation has become popularized in the field of oncological spine surgery owing to its ability to provide superior post-operative planning for adjuvant radiotherapy and radiological monitoring of tumour progression. We present the case of a 45-year-old female with degenerative spine pathology who underwent L4/5 and L5/S1 posterior lumbar interbody fusion with carbon fibre reinforced-polyetheretherketone pedicle screw fixation. The authors highlight the potential advantages of radiolucent pedicle fixation, which may translate into the degenerative spine surgery domain.
Four genomic clades of Candida auris identified in Canada, 2012–2019
Authors: De Luca Domenica G , Alexander David C , Dingle Tanis C , Dufresne Philippe J , Hoang Linda M , Kus Julianne V , Schwartz Ilan S , Mulvey Michael R , Bharat Amrita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Candida auris is an emerging yeast that is associated with antifungal resistance and healthcare-associated outbreaks. From 2012 to 2019, there were 24 known cases of C. auris colonization or infection in Canada. Isolates were from axilla/groin (n = 6), ear (n = 5), blood (n = 4), toe (n = 2), and a variety of other sites (n = 7). Canadian isolates belonged to the four main genomic clades: Clade I (formerly called South Asian clade, n = 12), Clade II (East Asian, n = 3), Clade III (African, n = 4), and Clade IV (South American, n = 5). Isolates within each clade were clonal; however, whole genome sequencing may be helpful in identifying clusters within healthcare facilities.

Lay summary
The fungal pathogen Candida auris has caused many hospital outbreaks and is often multidrug resistant. All four major strains of C. auris were identified in Canada from 2012 to 2019. Genomic epidemiology may be useful for identifying and reducing transmission of C. auris within hospitals.
Transients from ONe white dwarf – neutron star/black hole mergers
Authors: Bobrick Alexey , Zenati Yossef , Perets Hagai B , Davies Melvyn B , Church Ross 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We conduct the first 3D hydrodynamic simulations of oxygen–neon white dwarf–neutron star/black hole mergers (ONe WD–NS/BH mergers). Such mergers constitute a significant fraction, and may even dominate, the inspiral rates of all WD–NS binaries. We post-process our simulations to obtain the nuclear evolution of these systems and couple the results to a supernova spectral synthesis code to obtain the first light curves and spectra for these transients. We find that the amount of 56Ni synthesized in these mergers grows as a strong function of the WD mass, reaching typically 0.05 and up to $0.1\, {\rm M}_\odot$ per merger. Photodisintegration leads to similar amounts of 4He and about a ten times smaller amount of 1H. The nuclear yields from these mergers, in particular those of 55Mn, may contribute significantly to Galactic chemical evolution. The transients expected from ONe WD–NS mergers are dominantly red/infrared, evolve on month-long time-scales and reach bolometric magnitudes of up to −16.5. The current surveys must have already detected these transients or are, alternatively, putting strong constraints on merger scenarios. The properties of the expected transients from WD–NS mergers best agree with faint type Iax supernovae. The Vera Rubin Observatory (LSST) will be detecting up to thousands of merging ONe WD–NS systems per year. We simulate a subset of our models with 2D axisymmetric flash code to investigate why they have been challenging for previous studies. We find that the likely main challenge has been effectively modelling the nuclear statistical equilibrium regime in such mergers.
On the stability of additional moons orbiting Kepler-1625 b
Authors: Moraes R A , Borderes-Motta G , Winter O C , Monteiro J 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Since it was proposed, the exomoon candidate Kepler-1625 b-I has changed the way we see satellite systems. Because of its unusual physical characteristics, many questions about the stability and origin of this candidate have been raised. Currently, we have enough theoretical studies to show that if Kepler-1625 b-I is indeed confirmed, it will be stable. Regarding its origin, previous works indicated that the most likely scenario is capture, although conditions for in situ formation have also been investigated. In this work, we assume that Kepler-1625 b-I is an exomoon and study the possibility of an additional, massive exomoon being stable in the same system. To model this scenario, we perform N-body simulations of a system including the planet, Kepler-1625 b-I, and one extra Earth-like satellite. Based on previous results, the satellites in our system will be exposed to tidal interactions with the planet and to gravitational effects owing to the rotation of the planet. We find that the satellite system around Kepler-1625 b is capable of harbouring two massive satellites. The extra Earth-like satellite can be stable in various locations between the planet and Kepler-1625 b-I, with a preference for regions inside $25\, R_{\rm p}$. Our results suggest that the strong tidal interaction between the planet and the satellites is an important mechanism to ensure the stability of satellites in circular orbits closer to the planet, while the 2:1 mean motion resonance between the Earth-like satellite and Kepler-1625 b-I would provide stability for satellites in wider orbits.
A detailed study of stellar populations of three star clusters with extended main-sequence turnoffs
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Zhongmu , Zhang Su , Deng Yangyang , Zhao Wenchang 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the extended main-sequence turnoffs (eMSTOs) and stellar populations of three clusters with different ages using Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) data in detail. The colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of three Galactic clusters show broad main sequences, eMSTOs, blue stragglers, and red giant clumps. We explore the effects of age spread, binaries, and rotating stars on the morphology of the entire CMD, paying particular attention to the effects of binary stars and rotating stars on eMSTOs. Some synthetic CMDs are built on the basis of the advanced stellar population synthesis (ASPS) model to study the observed CMDs and search for the best-fitting stellar population models. The age of the youngest stars, age spread, metallicity, colour excess, distance modulus, binary fraction, and rotating star fraction of clusters are determined. The results show that both binaries and rotating stars are responsible for the eMSTO of intermediate-age cluster LP 585, but binary stars affect more than rotating stars on the eMSTO morphologies of the youngest (M11) and oldest (NGC 6819) clusters in our samples. It suggests that M11 (∼0.3 Gyr) is possibly a composite stellar population of rotating and binary stars, while clusters LP 585 (∼1.1 Gyr) and NGC 6819 (∼2.0 Gyr) are simple stellar populations of rotating and binary stars.
Application of genetic algorithm to estimate the large angular scale features of cosmic microwave background
Authors: Nayak Parth , Saha Rajib 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Genetic Algorithm (GA) – motivated by natural evolution – is a robust method to estimate the global optimal solutions of problems involving multiple objective functions. In this article, for the first time, we apply GA to reconstruct the CMB temperature anisotropy map over large angular scales of the sky using (internal) linear combination (ILC) of the final-year WMAP and Planck satellite observations. To avoid getting trapped into a local minimum, we implement the GA with generous diversity in the populations by selecting pairs with diverse fitness coefficients and by introducing a small but significant amount of mutation of genes. We find that the new GA-ILC method produces a clean map which agrees very well with that obtained using the exact analytical expression of weights in ILC. By performing extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the CMB reconstruction using the GA-ILC algorithm, we find that residual foregrounds in the cleaned map are minimal and tend to occupy localized regions along the galactic plane. The CMB angular power spectrum shows no indication of any bias in the entire multipole range 2 ≤ ℓ ≤ 32 studied in this work. The error in the CMB angular power spectrum is also minimal and given entirely by the cosmic-variance-induced error. Our results agree well with those obtained by various other reconstruction methods by different research groups. This problem-independent robust GA-ILC method provides a flexible way towards the complex and challenging task of CMB component reconstruction in cosmology.
Long-term dynamical evolution of Pallene (Saturn XXXIII) and its diffuse, dusty ring
Authors: Muñoz-Gutiérrez Marco A , Granados Contreras A P , Madeira Gustavo , A’Hearn Joseph A , Giuliatti Winter Silvia 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The distinctive set of Saturnian small satellites, Aegaeon, Methone, Anthe, and Pallene, constitutes an excellent laboratory to understand the evolution of systems immersed in co-orbital dusty rings/arcs, subjected to perturbations from larger satellites and non-gravitational forces. In this work, we carried out a comprehensive numerical exploration of the long-term evolution of Pallene and its ring. Through frequency map analysis, we characterized the current dynamical state around Pallene. A simple tidal evolution model serves to set a time frame for the current orbital configuration of the system. With detailed short- and long-term N-body simulations we determine whether Pallene is currently in resonance with one or more of six of Saturn’s major moons. We analysed a myriad of resonant arguments extracted from the direct and indirect parts of the disturbing function, finding that Pallene is not in mean motion resonance from the present up to 5 Myr into the future; none the less, some resonant arguments exhibit intervals of libration and circulation at different time-scales and moon pairings. We studied the dynamical evolution of micrometric particles forming the ring, considering gravitational and non-gravitational forces. Non-gravitational forces are responsible for particles vertical excursions and outward migration. By estimating the satellite’s mass production rate, we find that Pallene could be responsible for keeping its ring in steady-state only if it is mainly composed of large micrometre-sized particles. If mainly composed of particles with a few micrometres for which Pallene is the only source, the ring will spread out, both radially and vertically, until it finally disappears.
Risk of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the biologics era from 2011 to 2015 and its association with methotrexate, biologics, and corticosteroids
Authors: Yamaguchi Rei , Tanaka Eiichi , Nakajima Ayako , Inoue Eisuke , Abe Mai , Sugano Eri , Sugitani Naohiro , Saka Kumiko , Ochiai Moeko , Higuchi Yoko , Sugimoto Naoki , Ikari Katsunori , Yamanaka Hisashi , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To elucidate the incidence and risk factors of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the biologics era.

Methods
We determined the rate of HZ occurrence among the RA patients that participated in the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis surveys from 2011 to 2015, by assessing medical records. The standardised incidence rate per 1000 patient-years with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and risk factors for HZ were analysed using a time-dependent Cox regression analysis.

Results
Among 7815 patients (female, 84.7%) contributing to 25,863 patient-years of observation, 340 HZ events in 309 patients were confirmed. The standardised incidence rate (95% CI) per 1000 patient-years was 8.5 (6.9–10.5) in total, 6.0 (3.7–9.2) in men, and 11.0 (8.7–13.7) in women. Risk factors for HZ were age per 10 years (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26, p &lt; .05), Japanese version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (J-HAQ) score of 0.5–1.5 (versus J-HAQ = 0; 1.51, 1.09–2.10, p &lt; .05), methotrexate use (1.58, 1.06–2.36, p &lt; .05), and biologic use (1.88, 1.44–2.47, p &lt; .01).

Conclusions
In the era when biologics were frequently used and corticosteroid use and doses were decreasing, methotrexate and biologics increased the risk for HZ.
Efficacy and safety of abatacept in biologic-naïve patients with active rheumatoid arthritis by background methotrexate dose:post hocanalysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 4 study
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Matsubara Tsukasa , Hashizume Koichi , Amano Norihito , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of abatacept in biologic-naïve, anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive Japanese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by background methotrexate (MTX) dose.MethodsIn this post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 4 study (NCT01758198), patients received intravenous abatacept (∼10 mg/kg) or placebo both with MTX (≥6 mg/week). Efficacy (Disease Activity Score 28 using C-reactive protein [DAS28 (CRP)] and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index [HAQ-DI]) was assessed by baseline MTX dosage (≤8 and &gt;8 mg/week) to week 16; safety was assessed by MTX dosage ≤8 and &gt;8 mg/week. Change from baseline in DAS28 (CRP) and HAQ-DI was assessed using longitudinal repeated measures analysis.ResultsOverall, 101 and 102 patients received abatacept + MTX ≤8 and &gt;8 mg/week, while 96 and 106 patients received placebo + MTX ≤8 and &gt;8 mg/week, respectively. Regardless of baseline MTX dose received, mean changes from baseline in DAS28 (CRP) and HAQ-DI in abatacept groups were similar; repeated measures analysis showed similar trends in changes from baseline in DAS28 (CRP) and HAQ-DI. Abatacept safety profile was consistent with previous observations.ConclusionsPost hoc analysis demonstrated similar efficacy and safety of abatacept in biologic-naïve ACPA-positive Japanese patients with RA regardless of baseline MTX dose.
Procollagen I N-terminal peptide correlates with inflammation on sacroiliac joint magnetic resonance imaging in ankylosing spondylitis but not in non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Xuegang , Liang Anqi , Chen Yufeng , Lam Nelson SiuKei , Long Xinxin , Xu Xianghe , Zhong Shuping 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To identify disease activity scores and biomarkers that reflect magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined sacroiliac joint (SIJ) inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA).

Methods
Patients who had AS and nr-axSpA were enrolled. All the patients underwent SIJ MRI. SpondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) method was used to score bone marrow edema in the inflammatory lesions on MRI. Radiographic assessment of the spine was performed using modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score. Clinical variables, inflammatory markers, serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and procollagen I N-terminal peptide (PINP) were measured. Correlation analysis between MRI-determined SIJ inflammation scores and disease activity scores and laboratory variables was performed.

Results
Thirty-five patients had AS and 36had nr-axSpA. Significant differences were noted between the AS group and the nr-axSpA group in terms of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)-ESR, ASDAS-CRP, PINP, and SPARCC (p &lt; .001, p = .004, p &lt; .001, p &lt; .001, p = .030, p &lt; .001, respectively). MRI-determined SIJ inflammatory scores correlated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), OC, CTX-I, and PINP in AS (p = .036, p = .023, p = .002, p = .041, p = .004, respectively) and correlated with ESR, CRP, ASDAS-ESR, ASDAS-CRP, BASDAI, and BASFI in nr-axSpA (p = .003, p = .002, p &lt; .001, p &lt; .001, p = .010, p = .007, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that PINP exhibited a positive correlation independent of the MRI inflammatory score and that age exhibited a negative correlation independent of the MRI inflammatory score.

Conclusions
In AS, PINP and age independently correlated with active inflammation on SIJ MRI. PINP may be useful as a marker of objective inflammation in AS.
Efficacy and safety of canakinumab for colchicine-resistant or colchicine-intolerant familial Mediterranean fever: A single-centre observational study
Authors: Tomokawa Takuya , Koga Tomohiro , Endo Yushiro , Michitsuji Toru , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of canakinumab in Japanese patients with colchicine-resistant or colchicine-intolerant familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods
We reviewed 13 Japanese FMF patients to whom canakinumab was introduced during the period of October 2017 to December 2020. All patients were diagnosed as FMF according to Tel-Hashomer criteria. We performed genetic analyses for Mediterranean fever or MEFV by targeted next-generation sequencing. Efficacy was assessed by attack frequency and the percentage of patients who achieved attack improvement at 24 weeks. Safety was assessed by adverse events observed during canakinumab treatment.

Results
The median duration and follow-up of canakinumab treatment were 13 and 16 months, respectively. The median attack frequency was 0.50 [0.30–1.00] at 24 weeks, which was a significant decrease from 2.00 [0.85–2.88] at the time of induction (p = .019). There were three patients (23%) with complete resolution of attacks at 24 weeks. No serious adverse events were observed. However, one patient had small intestinal ulceration which led to the discontinuation of canakinumab.

Conclusions
Although the number of cases is small, this study suggests that canakinumab is efficacious and safe for use in Japanese patients with colchicine-resistant or colchicine-intolerant FMF in a real-world clinical setting in Japan.
The association between rest-activity rhythms and glycemic markers: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2014
Authors: Xiao Qian , Matthews Charles E , Playdon Mary , Bauer Cici 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies conducted in mostly homogeneous sociodemographic samples have reported a relationship between weakened and/or disrupted rest-activity patterns and metabolic dysfunction. This study aims to examine rest-activity rhythm characteristics in relation to glycemic markers in a large nationally representative and diverse sample of American adults.MethodsThis study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014. Rest-activity characteristics were derived from extended cosine models using 24-hour actigraphy. We used multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to assess the associations with multiple glycemic markers (i.e., glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and results from the oral glucose tolerance test), and compared the results across different categories of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and body mass index.ResultsWe found that compared to those in the highest quintile of F statistic, a model-fitness measure with higher values indicating a stronger cosine-like pattern of daily activity, participants in the lowest quintile (i.e, those with the weakest rhythmicity) were 2.37 times more likely to be diabetic (OR Q1 vs. Q5 2.37 (95% CI 1.72, 3.26), p-trend &lt; .0001). Similar patterns were observed for other rest-activity characteristics, including lower amplitude (2.44 (1.60, 3.72)), mesor (1.39 (1.01, 1.91)), and amplitude:mesor ratio (2.09 (1.46, 2.99)), and delayed acrophase (1.46 (1.07, 2.00)). Results were consistent for multiple glycemic biomarkers, and across different sociodemographic and BMI groups.ConclusionsOur findings support an association between weakened and/or disrupted rest-activity rhythms and impaired glycemic control among a diverse US population.
Development of Next-Generation Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1–Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Ngoi Natalie Y.L. , Leo Elisabetta , O'Connor Mark J. , Yap Timothy A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have transformed the therapeutic landscape for advanced ovarian cancer and expanded treatment options for other tumor types, including breast, pancreas, and prostate cancer. Yet, despite the success of PARP inhibitors in our current therapeutic armamentarium, not all patients benefit because of primary resistance, whereas different acquired resistance mechanisms can lead to disease progression on therapy. In addition, the toxicity profile of PARP inhibitors, primarily myelosuppression, has led to adverse events in a proportion of patients as monotherapy, and has limited the use of PARP inhibitors for certain rational combination strategies, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy regimens. Currently approved PARP inhibitors are essentially equipotent against PARP1 and PARP2 enzymes. In this review, we describe the development of next-generation PARP1-selective inhibitors that have entered phase I clinical trials. These inhibitors have demonstrated increased PARP1 inhibitory potency and exquisitely high PARP1 selectivity in preclinical studies—features that may lead to improved clinical efficacy and a wider therapeutic window. First-in-human clinical trials seeking to establish the safety, tolerability, and recommended phase II dose, as well as antitumor activity of these novel agents, have commenced. If successful, this next-generation of PARP1-selective agents promises to build on the succeses of current PARP inhibitor treatment paradigms in cancer medicine.