bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of on‐road driving remediation following acquired brain injury: A wait‐list feasibility study with follow‐up
Authors: Bassingthwaighte Louise , Griffin Janelle , Fleming Jennifer , Gustafsson Louise 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionReturn to driving is an important goal for people recovering from acquired brain injury. Occupational therapy driving assessments aim to determine the impact of acquired brain injury on a person’s capacity to drive and may include on‐road driving rehabilitation. The primary objective of this project was to conduct a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of an on‐road driving remediation program for adults with acquired brain injury. Secondary objectives were to measure the effectiveness of the on‐road driving program and determine sample size required for a randomised controlled trial.MethodsA wait‐list randomised controlled trial with blinded assessment and 6‐month follow‐up aimed to recruit 10 participants with acquired brain injury. Concealed methods randomly allocated participants to receive the on‐road driving rehabilitation program immediately (intervention group) or after 6 weeks (wait‐list group). The primary outcome measure of functional fitness to drive, was assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention, and at 6‐month follow‐up. Driving performance was measured by percentage of correct manoeuvres and driving instructor intervention.ResultsEight participants (seven male; average age 46 years; six traumatic brain injury and two stroke) were recruited. The protocol was feasible. Results of the RCT suggest intervention effectiveness initially with two of the three interventions, and no wait‐list, participants achieving fitness to drive. This increased to five out of eight participants after the wait‐list group completed the intervention. While three participants retained this outcome at 6‐month follow‐up, universal deterioration in on‐road driving performance was evident for all participants at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe trial was feasible and findings suggest that on‐road driving remediation assists people with acquired brain injury to achieve functional fitness to drive but the skills may not be maintained 6 months later. A full RCT is warranted to further determine the effectiveness of on‐road driving remediation and capacity of participants to maintain the skills developed.
FgBUD14 is important for ascosporogenesis and involves both stage‐specific alternative splicing and RNA editing during sexual reproduction
Authors: Liang Jie , Fu Xianhui , Hao Chaofeng , Bian Zhuyun , Liu Huiquan , Xu Jin‐Rong , Wang Guanghui 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIn wheat head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum, A‐to‐I RNA editing occurs specifically during sexual reproduction. Among the genes with premature stop codons (PSCs) that require RNA editing to encode full‐length proteins, FgBUD14 also had alternative splicing events in perithecia. In this study, we characterized the functions of FgBUD14 and its post‐transcriptional modifications during sexual reproduction. The Fgbud14 deletion mutant was slightly reduced in growth, conidiation and virulence. Although deletion of FgBUD14 had no effect on perithecium morphology, the Fgbud14 mutant was defective in crozier formation and ascus development. The FgBud14‐GFP localized to the apex of ascogenous hyphae and croziers, which may be related to its functions during early sexual development. During vegetative growth and asexual reproduction, FgBud14‐GFP localized to hyphal tips and both ends of conidia. Furthermore, mutations blocking the splicing of intron 2 that has the PSC site had no effect on the function of FgBUD14 during sexual reproduction but caused a similar defect in growth with Fgbud14 mutant. Expression of the non‐editable FgBUD14Intron2‐TAA mutant allele also failed to complement the Fgbud14 mutant. Taken together, FgBUD14 plays important roles in ascus development, and both alternative splicing and RNA editing occur specifically to its transcripts during sexual reproduction in F. graminearum.
Exploring and Exploiting the Dynamics of Networks in Complex Applied Research Projects: A Reflection on Learning in Action
Authors: Coughlan Paul , Coghlan David , Rigg Clare , O'Leary Denise 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince 1984, the European Union (EU) has supported research and development activities covering almost all scientific disciplines through a series of multi‐annual Framework Programmes. The current programme is Horizon 2020. Common across the key indicators of research project performance have been actions by companies, including introduce and test innovations new to the company or the market. Initiatives to achieve these objectives require researchers to generate transdisciplinary knowledge in partnership with practitioners as co‐researchers. This paper reflects on the authors’ experience of engaging in five EU‐funded complex applied research projects over 20 years. The paper locates the process of the five projects in network action learning and Mode 2 knowledge production. It offers a theoretical framework expressed in three hypotheses to guide those who design and implement projects, those who approve and provide funding, and those who exploit and build upon the resulting research.
Self‐reported levels of occupational stress and wellness in forensic practitioners: Implications for the education and training of the forensic workforce
Authors: Goldstein Justin Z. , Alesbury Helen S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile there is extensive research into wellness and mental health risks for police officers and other first responders, a smaller portion of research has considered how forensic practitioners are affected. This study surveyed 211 forensic practitioners from the American Academy of Forensic Sciences membership, the Clark County Office of the Coroner/Medical Examiner, and the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner to assess current wellness perceptions within forensics. The 22‐question survey focused on (a) how the demands of daily casework affect self‐perceived burnout levels, (b) whether mental health issues are adequately addressed during the education and training of the forensic workforce, and (c) whether forensic professionals are getting the wellness support that they themselves feel that they need. Basic descriptive statistics, chi‐square (χ2) cross tabulations, and correlation analyses were constructed to assess relevant relationships within survey responses. Results indicate that forensic professionals report a high level of burnout and a lack of sufficient wellness resources in their current professional climate. While professionals feel fulfilled from their work, the majority of respondents (73.9%) felt that common mental health issues that exist in their profession were not adequately addressed during their workplace training, academic schooling, or professional certification. Despite the uniformly weak correlations observed between variables, chi‐square analyses reveal practically and statistically significant trends that warrant further investigation, particularly in the context of vicarious trauma. Overall, this study provides an important baseline for future wellness research to support the specialized needs of forensic scientists during their training and education.
Survey design optimization for monitoring wildlife communities in areas managed for federally endangered species
Authors: Pease B. S. , Pacifici K. , Collazo J. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn wildlife communities composed of federally endangered species, there are often several species of conservation concern that have not yet warranted federally mandated protection. These species often need continued monitoring to inform the direction of future management. While recovering endangered species is an important conservation goal, practitioners are challenged by balancing federally mandated protocols with actions that promote non‐listed priority species. Practitioners need an understanding of how focused, single‐species management actions may affect non‐listed priority species, but developing a monitoring protocol that can detect such effects with limited resources is a challenge. Here we use constrained optimization as a path to identifying a sampling scheme that overcomes these logistical challenges and then illustrate its potential in the Sandhills region of North Carolina, USA. Using empirical results from multi‐year avian community monitoring, we parameterized simulations to understand how varying the number of sampling locations and site visits affected the optimal monitoring protocol across three different avian community composition scenarios: a community with (1) 10 percent, (2) 25 percent, or (3) 50 percent non‐listed priority species. We found the greatest rate of change in precision of community‐level metrics, such as species richness, by increasing sampling replicates when surveying up to 50 sites. Importantly, this trend was apparent across all three community scenarios, indicating relatively predictable changes in uncertainty regardless of community composition. In contrast, increasing the sampling frequency did not consistently reduce uncertainty in species‐level parameters such as occupancy probability. Concerningly, we saw the greatest variation when communities were comprised of 50 percent non‐listed species suggesting increasingly complex monitoring protocols may be required if the number of non‐listed priority species continues to increase. Practitioners could consider reducing detection error of priority species through increasing sampling frequency, as this can strongly affect optimization study designs.
Immediate one‐piece zirconia implants with/without xenograft in the buccal gap: A 6‐month pre‐clinical study
Authors: Alves Daniel , Faria‐Almeida Ricardo , Azevedo Álvaro , Liñares Antonio , Muñoz Fernando , Blanco‐Carrion Juan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo histologically evaluate healing following grafting a xenogenous bone substitute in the buccal gap around the immediately placed one‐piece zirconia implant.Materials and methodsThe third and fourth premolars (PM3 and PM4) in both quadrants of the mandible of nine Mongrel Hound dogs were used for this experiment. They have been removed, and the recipient sites were prepared. The implants were placed in a lingual position in the socket. In one side of the jaw, the gap between the implant and the socket walls was grafted (test) while no grafting was performed in the contralateral side (control), randomly selected. After 6 months of healing, biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis. Vertical and horizontal measures were recorded in buccal and lingual surface.ResultsThe hard tissue was in a coronal position on the test side compared with the control side. The bone thickness around ZLA (zirconia large‐grit sandblasted and acid‐etched surface) level was larger on the test side. On the test side, the first bone–implant contact and bone crest, at the buccal aspect, were more coronal to ZLA in PM4 while in PM3 the same happened with the bone crest. The width of the buccal bone wall was larger in PM4 than in PM3 at the ZLA level and 1 mm apical to ZLA.ConclusionThe placement of a xenograft in the gap between 1‐piece zirconia implant and the buccal wall in dogs modified the process of hard tissue healing, providing additional amount of hard tissue.
Linked colour imaging versus white‐light colonoscopy for the detection of flat colorectal lesions: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kudo Takahiro , Horiuchi Akira , Kyodo Reiko , Horiuchi Ichitaro , Arai Nobuyasu , Kajiyama Masashi , Tanaka Naoki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimLinked colour imaging is an image‐enhanced endoscopy system that emphasizes the red portion of the mucosa's colour. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of linked colour imaging with white‐light colonoscopy for the detection of flat‐type colorectal polyps.MethodThis was a single‐centre, randomized controlled trial. Enrolled patients were those aged ≥50 years undergoing cap‐assisted colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. They were randomized in a 1:1 ratio for observation using linked colour imaging or white‐light colonoscopy. All colorectal polyps detected were removed or biopsied. The primary outcome was the number of flat‐type polyps per patient in patients in whom flat polyps were detected. Secondary outcomes included adenoma and polyp detection rates.ResultsThere were 302 subjects randomized: 152 to linked colour imaging and 150 to white‐light colonoscopy. There were no differences in the clinical features between the two arms. The number of flat polyps detected per patient using linked colour imaging was approximately twice that with white light (2.9 ± 3.0 vs 1.2 ± 1.6, p = 0.045). Linked colour imaging also proved superior to white‐light colonoscopy in terms of adenoma and polyp detection rates [adenomas 66% (101/152) vs 49% (73/150), p = 0.0024; polyps 69% (105/152) vs 55% (82/150), p = 0.013]. The ratio of polyps detected in the right colon compared with those detected in the left colon was significantly greater using linked colour than white‐light imaging (168/64 vs 93/84; p < 0.001).ConclusionCompared with white‐light colonoscopy, linked colour imaging improved adenoma and polyp detection rates, including detection of flat‐type colorectal polyps.
Deconstructing Dravet syndrome neurocognitive development: A scoping review
Authors: Bertuccelli Margherita , Verheyen Karen , Hallemans Ann , Sander Josemir W. , Ragona Francesca , Bisiacchi Patrizia , Masiero Stefano , Del Felice Alessandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDravet syndrome (DS) is a rare severe epilepsy syndrome associated with slowed psychomotor development and behavioral disorders from the second year onward in a previously seemingly normal child.Among cognitive impairments, visuospatial, sensorimotor integration, and expressive language deficits are consistently reported. There have been independent hypotheses to deconstruct the typical cognitive development in DS (dorsal stream vulnerability, cerebellar‐like pattern, sensorimotor integration deficit), but an encompassing framework is still lacking. We performed a scoping review of existing evidence to map the current understanding of DS cognitive and behavioral developmental profiles and to summarize the evidence on suggested frameworks. We searched PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE to identify reports focusing on cognitive deficits and/or behavioral abnormalities in DS published between 1978 and March 15, 2020. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. Twenty‐one reports were selected and tabulated by three independent reviewers based on predefined data extraction and eligibility forms. Eighteen reports provided assessments of global intelligence quotients with variable degrees of cognitive impairment. Eleven reports analyzed single subitems contribution to global cognitive scores: these reports showed consistently larger impairment in performance scales compared to verbal ones. Studies assessing specific cognitive functions demonstrated deterioration of early visual processing, fine and gross motor abilities, visuomotor and auditory‐motor integration, spatial processing, visuo‐attentive abilities, executive functions, and expressive language. Behavioral abnormalities, reported from 14 studies, highlighted autistic‐like traits and attention and hyperactivity disorders, slightly improving with age. The cognitive profile in DS and some behavioral and motor abnormalities may be enclosed within a unified theoretical framework of the three main hypotheses advanced: a pervasive sensorimotor integration deficit, encompassing an occipito‐parietofrontal circuit (dorsal stream) dysfunction and a coexistent cerebellar deficit.
Multilingual, bilingual, and monolingual Arabic teachers’ development of learner self‐regulation and language awareness in the Emirates
Authors: Tang Fei , Calafato Raees 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultilingual learning and teaching have been receiving growing attention of late as many cities and states undergo significant demographic changes brought about by increasing levels of human migration. The onset of super‐diversity means that teachers often encounter students with very different language and cultural backgrounds in the classroom. This has created a new set of challenges and opportunities, especially concerning the teaching and learning of languages. As a result, research on language teaching and learning in super‐diverse contexts has acquired greater importance, yet the teaching of languages other than English (LOTE), specifically LOTE teacher beliefs and practices, has received comparatively little attention to date. To shed more light on teacher beliefs and practices as these concern the teaching of LOTEs to multilingual students, this study explored the extent to which 100 Arabic language teachers, working in UK‐curriculum secondary schools in the United Arab Emirates, used their students’ multilingualism as a resource during lessons and developed their self‐regulation and language awareness through specific activities. The findings regarding the participants’ efforts to develop their students’ self‐regulation and language awareness revealed an unexpected, negative correlation between their degree of multilingualism and their reported practices.
Seal body condition and atmospheric circulation patterns influence polar bear body condition, recruitment, and feeding ecology in the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Rode Karyn D. , Regehr Eric V. , Bromaghin Jeffrey F. , Wilson Ryan R. , St. Martin Michelle , Crawford Justin A. , Quakenbush Lori T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolar bears (Ursus maritimus) are experiencing loss of sea ice habitats used to access their marine mammal prey. Simultaneously, ocean warming is changing ecosystems that support marine mammal populations. The interactive effects of sea ice and prey are not well understood yet may explain spatial–temporal variation in the response of polar bears to sea ice loss. Here, we examined the potential combined effects of sea ice, seal body condition, and atmospheric circulation patterns on the body condition, recruitment, diet, and feeding probability of 469 polar bears captured in the Chukchi Sea, 2008–2017. The body condition of ringed seals (Pusa hispida), the primary prey of females and subadults, was related to dietary proportions of ringed seal, feeding probability, and the body condition of females and cubs. In contrast, adult males consumed more bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) and exhibited better condition when bearded seal body condition was higher. The litter size, number of yearlings per adult female, and the condition of dependent young were higher following winters characterized by low Arctic Oscillation conditions, consistent with a growing number of studies. Body condition, recruitment, and feeding probability were either not associated or negatively associated with sea ice conditions, suggesting that, unlike some subpopulations, Chukchi Sea bears are not currently limited by sea ice availability. However, spring sea ice cover declined 2% per year during our study reaching levels not previously observed in the satellite record and resulting in the loss of polar bear hunting and seal pupping habitat. Our study suggests that the status of ice seal populations is likely an important factor that can either compound or mitigate the response of polar bears to sea ice loss over the short term. In the long term, neither polar bears nor their prey are likely robust to limitless loss of their sea ice habitat.
Impact of VSIG4 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility and functional status of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Antunes Andrade Fabiana , Goeldner Eibofner Isabela , Pieczarka Cristhine , van Tong Hoang , Sena Leia , Skare Thelma , Ramos da Rosa Utiyama Shirley , Jose de Messias‐Reason Iara , P Velavan Thirumalaisamy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg, encoded by the VSIG4 gene) is a macrophage receptor involved in the clearance of immune complexes and autologous cells. Our results suggest that the VSIG4 rs1044165T allele is a risk factor for severe functional status of rheumatoid arthritis in women, possibly by affecting VSIG4 gene expression.
Under the skin: Exploring 2‐month‐olds' thermal reactions in different social interactions with mother and stranger
Authors: Ioannou Stephanos , Morris Paul , Hassanain Hala , Baker Marc , Alkattan Faisal , Almakadma Abdul Hakim , Raddaoui Lama 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhysiological adaptations to external stressors can reveal socio‐cognitive health in infancy. With the use of thermal imaging and behavioural analyses, the current study examined the arousal markers accompanying infants’ interactions with a familiar and an unfamiliar person. To address the current research question, the mother and a complete stranger interacted with 2 to 3 month‐old infants (N= 10, 2 boys)in three different conditions: Neutral, Play, and Compliment. Behavioral analyses showed that overall gaze was longer to the Stranger compared to the Mother independent of condition. Physiological findings showed that skin temperature was significantly higher with the stranger independent of condition. The regions of the face that passed the significance threshold included the maxillary area, the nose, and the forehead. Both behavioral and physiological findings emphasize the ability of the infant to distinguish between a familiar and an unfamiliar person. Most importantly, however thermal imaging has proven to be a promising tool in physiologically differentiating between variable social conditions in very young infants opening up a new experimental portal for identifying healthy physiological development.
A nonmonotone accelerated Levenberg–Marquardt method for the ‐eigenvalues of symmetric tensors
Authors: Cao Mingyuan , Yang Yueting , Hou Tianliang , Li Chaoqian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe eigenvalues of tensors become more and more important in the numerical multilinear algebra. In this paper, based on the nonmonotone technique, an accelerated Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm is presented for computing the ‐eigenvalues of symmetric tensors, in which an LM step and an accelerated LM step are computed at each iteration. We establish the global convergence of the proposed algorithm using properties of symmetric tensors and norms. Under the local error‐bound condition, the cubic convergence of the nonmonotone accelerated LM algorithm is derived. Numerical results show that this method is efficient.