bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal dialysis: Status report in South and South East Asia
Authors: Bhargava Vinant , Jasuja Sanjiv , Tang Sydney Chi‐Wai , Bhalla Anil K. , Sagar Gaurav , Jha Vivekanand , Ramachandran Raja , Sahay Manisha , Alexander Suceena , Vachharajani Tushar , Lydia Aida , Mostafi Mamun , Pisharam Jayakrishnan K. , Jacob Chakko , Gunawan Atma , Leong Goh Bak , Thwin Khin Thida , Agrawal Rajendra Kumar , Vareesangthip Kriengsak , Tanchanco Roberto , Choong Lina , Herath Chula , Lin Chih‐Ching , Akhtar Syed Fazal , Alsahow Ali , Rana Devender Singh , Rajapurkar Mohan M. , Kher Vijay , Verma Shalini , Krishnaswamy Sampathkumar , Gupta Amit , Bahl Anupam , Gupta Ashwani , Khanna Umesh B. , Varughese Santosh , Gallieni Maurizio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is largely underutilized globally. We analyzed PD utilization, impact of economic status, projected growth and impact of state policy(s) on PD growth in South Asia and Southeast Asia (SA&SEA) region.MethodsThe National Nephrology Societies of the region responded to a questionnaire on KRT practices. The responses were based on the latest registry data, acceptable community‐based studies and societal perceptions. The representative countries were divided into high income and higher‐middle income (HI & HMI) and low income and lower‐middle income (LI & LMI) groups.ResultsData provided by 15 countries showed almost similar percentage of GDP as health expenditure (4%–7%). But there was a significant difference in per capita income (HI & HMI ‐US$ 28 129 vs. LI & LMI ‐ US$ 1710.2) between the groups. Even after having no significant difference in monthly cost of haemodialysis (HD) and PD in LI & LMI countries, they have poorer PD utilization as compared to HI & HMI countries (3.4% vs. 10.1%); the reason being lack of formal training/incentives and time constraints for the nephrologist while lack of reimbursement and poor general awareness of modalities has been a snag for the patients. The region expects ≥10% PD growth in the near future. Hong Kong and Thailand with ‘PD first’ policy have the highest PD utilization.ConclusionImportant deterrents to PD underutilization were lack of PD centric policies, lackadaisical patient/physician's attitude, lack of structured patient awareness programs, formal training programs and affordability.
Social Media: A (new) contested terrain between sousveillance and surveillance in the digital workplace
Authors: Taylor Claire , Dobbins Tony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOnline social media activities constitute a (new) contested terrain of NTWE in the new digital workplace. This article explores the extent to which new social media (SM) digital technologies extend managerial control and, alternatively, give employees dissenting capacity to reverse or turn the digital panoptical gaze back on their employer – invoking both a contested terrain and counter discipline of managerial authority. By deploying sousveillance, workers may use SM to observe management, capture material to post onlineand voice dissenting employee views. Such employee dissent problematises approaches to corporate surveillance practices and management authority, which attempts to intrusively control employee online activities. The article contributes to extant literature on sousveillance, employee dissent and management control. Methods comprise data gathered from 25 interviews with HR managers, frontline managers, and operational employees in seven organisations, triangulating contested perceptions of managerial surveillance practice and dissenting employee sousveillance.
Post‐translational modification of Streptococcus sanguinis SpxB influences protein solubility and H2O2 production
Authors: Mu Rong , Anderson David , Merritt Justin , Wu Hui , Kreth Jens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStreptococcal pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) is a hydrogen peroxide‐generating enzyme and plays a critical role in Streptococcus sanguinis interspecies interactions, but less is known about its biochemistry. We examined SpxB subcellular localization using protein fractionation and microscopy and found SpxB to be primarily cytoplasmic, but a small portion is also membrane associated. Potential post‐translational modifications of SpxB were determined using coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Two mutant strains were constructed to further validate the presence of predicted site‐specific post‐translational modifications. These site mutated SpxB proteins exhibited reduced solubility in vivo, which likely contributes to the observed phenotypic changes in colony morphology, bacterial growth, and H2O2 production. Overall, our data suggest that SpxB post‐translational modifications likely play a major role to regulate SpxB function in S. sanguinis.
Pediatric third liver transplantation—A single‐center experience
Authors: Couper Michael R. , Shun Albert , Siew Susan , O’Loughlin Edward , Thomas Gordon , Andersen Brooke , Jermyn Vicki , Sawyer Janine , Stormon Michael O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric retransplantation is an accepted practice for graft failure and complications in Australasia. As 15% of children require a third transplant, this is a growing cohort with limited data in the literature.MethodsWe review nine patients from the commencement of our transplantation program in 1986 up to 2020 assessing demographics, prognosis, and outcome measures.ResultsThird transplant patient survival was comparative to first and second transplant patient survival at 5 years. All deaths were within the post‐operative period and secondary to sepsis. Operative times and transfusion volumes were increased at third transplant (1.8 and 4.5 times compared to first transplant, respectively). Learning difficulties and psychological disturbances were prevalent (83% and 66.6%, respectively).ConclusionsWhile recent mortality outcomes appear comparable to undergoing a second liver transplant, third transplant operations were more complex. Neurological impairment and psychological disturbance appear to be prevalent and need to be considered in pre‐transplant counseling.
Why illusionism about consciousness is unbelievable
Authors: Brown Christopher Devlin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany philosophers identify knowledge of subjective experience as our sole epistemic bedrock of absolute certainty. Illusionism is the view that subjective experience does not exist, and that our belief in the existence of subjective experience is due to a persistent cognitive or meta‐cognitive illusion of some sort. I argue that illusionism entails an absurd epistemic consequence: that our current epistemic situation is consistent with the possible truth of absolute nihilism, which is the view that nothing whatsoever exists. Since it is epistemically impossible that absolute nihilism is true, and the only way to prevent this epistemic possibility is by denying illusionism, I hold that illusionism ought to be rejected.
Defining successful non‐invasive ventilation initiation: Data from a real‐life cohort
Authors: Jolly Grégoire , Razakamanantsoa Léa , Fresnel Emeline , Gharsallaoui Zouhaier , Cuvelier Antoine , Patout Maxime 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveWhen home non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) is initiated, five goals need to be achieved: a daily use >4 h/day, an improvement in gas exchange, health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and sleep quality without side effects. Our aim was to assess how frequently these five goals were reached and the factors predictive of achievement.MethodsWe conducted a monocentric cohort study that included patients electively established on home NIV over 2 years. HRQL was assessed at baseline and follow‐up by the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaire. Adequate initiation was defined as the achievement of at least three of five goals and successful initiation as the achievement of all.ResultsTwo‐hundred and fifty patients were included at baseline. NIV was initiated for: obesity hypoventilation syndrome (n = 95; 38%), neuromuscular disease (n = 70; 28%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 66; 26%) and chest wall disease (n = 19; 8%). At follow‐up, measures of all five goals were available in 141 (56%) patients. NIV initiation was adequate for 96 (68%) patients and successful for 12 (9%) patients. In multivariate analysis, a tidal volume ≥ 7.8 ml/kg of ideal body weight was associated with an increased likelihood of adequate NIV initiation (hazard ratio: 5.765 [95% CI:1.824–18.223], p = 0.006]. Improvement in daytime partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) was not correlated to improvement in HRQL or sleep quality. Severe to very severe NIV‐related side effects occurred in 114 (47%) patients and were associated with higher daytime PaCO2 (6.35 ± 1.08 vs. 5.92 ± 0.79 kPa, p < 0.001).ConclusionSuccessful home NIV initiation is rarely achieved in real life. HRQL and NIV tolerance should be assessed to improve patient‐centred outcomes.
Men's politics, women's piety: The gendered asymmetry of Indonesia's new public Islams
Authors: Millie Julian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe importance of embodied religious practice to public Islam in Indonesia is easily underrated. This article undertakes an empirical examination of two domains of public Islam in Indonesia: women's piety and formal Islamic party politics. Based on research with women's groups in West Java, the author argues that Islamic party politics rely upon fragmentation resulting from different understandings of embodied practices, while the consensus supporting women's piety requires suppression of this fragmentation. Political actors locate themselves in a male‐dominated political sphere by aligning within a matrix of different meanings of practices. Yet the national consensus that sustains support for the majelis taklim (women's study groups) encourages an undifferentiated approach to practice, in which motherhood metaphors serve as the basis for the public legitimacy of women's pious practice. However, in actual practice, many women, notably Muslim feminists, differentiate practices, thereby bringing them into the field of public contest.
Accounting for Absences and Ambiguities in the Freelancing Labour Relation
Authors: Worth Nancy , Karaagac E. Alkim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch in economic geography has focused on the shift away from the standard employment relationship in the West; yet within these debates, non‐standard work is an amorphous stand‐in for many kinds of labour. Our aim is to account for absences and ambiguities within one form of non‐standard work – freelancing – to make the contours of this work more visible and to understand why a growing sector of the labour market is not well measured, protected or understood. Working from a Canadian case study, we first examine the conflicting ways freelancing is statistically measured, using an umbrella of intersecting terms that refer to labour or workers. Second, we critically review how freelancing is (not) legislated, organised and protected, areas of mediation which often still presume a standard employment relationship. Finally, we consider how the identity of ‘freelancer’ is lived, through freelancers' complex yet partial definitions that embrace flexibility and constraint.
Identification and analysis of urban influential regions using spatial interaction networks
Authors: Jia Tao , Yu Xuesong , Li Xin , Qin Kun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling spreading processes in urban space is of theoretical and practical importance for developing policies in sustainable urban management. Conventional studies are mainly focused on identifying influential nodes in different networks, but little attention has been paid to identification of influential regions and analysis of their spatiotemporal characteristics in urban space. To fill this gap, this study proposes methods to identify urban influential regions and explores their spatiotemporal patterns using networks built from massive human movement data in Shanghai, China. (a) Influential regions in different time periods are identified as statistically significant hotspots of influential nodes, where betweenness centrality is used to extract the minimal set of influential nodes. (b) Influential regions are broadly distributed in urban space and exhibit periodic morphological patterns. Additionally, (c) they are associated with different urban functionalities and show varying degrees of influence in space, given their strong connections with the remainder of urban space either locally or globally. Lastly, (d) we report that they have different degrees of temporal influence with stable daily variation. Our results suggest the resilience and temporal variation of influential regions, and how this can be valuable in urban management such as disease control or resource circulation.
An aptamer highly specific to cellulose enables the analysis of the association of cellulose with matrix cell wall polymers in vitro and in muro
Authors: Głazowska Sylwia , Mravec Jozef 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYThe current toolbox of cell wall‐directed molecular probes has been pivotal for advancing basic and application‐oriented plant carbohydrate research; however, it still exhibits limitations regarding target diversity and specificity. Scarcity of probes targeting intramolecular associations between cell wall polymers particularly hinders our understanding of the cell wall microstructure and affects the development of effective means for its efficient deconstruction for bioconversion. Here we report a detailed characterization of a cellulose‐binding DNA aptamer CELAPT MINI using a combination of various in vitro biochemical, biophysical, and molecular biology techniques. Our results show evidence for its high specificity towards long non‐substituted β‐(1‐4)‐glucan chains in both crystalline and amorphous forms. Fluorescent conjugates of CELAPT MINI are applicable as in situ cellulose probes and are well suited for various microscopy techniques, including super‐resolution imaging. Compatibility of fluorescent CELAPT MINI variants with immunodetection of cell wall matrix polymers enabled them simultaneously to resolve the fibrillar organization of complex cellulose‐enriched pulp material and to quantify the level of cellulose masking by xyloglucan and xylan. Using enzymatically, chemically, or genetically modulated Brachypodium internode sections we showed the diversity in cell wall packing among various cell types and even cell wall microdomains. We showed that xylan is the most prominent, but not the only, cellulose‐masking agent in Brachypodium internode tissues. These results collectively highlight the hitherto unexplored potential to expand the cell wall probing toolbox with highly specific and versatile in vitro generated polynucleotide probes.
Secretory lipid transfer protein OsLTPL94 acts as a target of EAT1 and is required for rice pollen wall development
Authors: Tao Yang , Zou Ting , Zhang Xu , Liu Rui , Chen Hao , Yuan Guoqiang , Zhou Dan , Xiong Pingping , He Zhiyuan , Li Gongwen , Zhou Menglin , Liu Sijing , Deng Qiming , Wang Shiquan , Zhu Jun , Liang Yueyang , Yu Xiumei , Zheng Aiping , Wang Aijun , Liu Huainian , Wang Lingxia , Li Ping , Li Shuangcheng 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYThe plant pollen wall protects the male gametophyte from various biotic and abiotic stresses. The formation of a unique pollen wall structure and elaborate exine pattern is a well‐organized process, which needs coordination between reproductive cells and the neighboring somatic cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. Here, we report a rice male‐sterile mutant (l94) that exhibits defective pollen exine patterning and abnormal tapetal cell development. MutMap and knockout analyses demonstrated that the causal gene encodes a type‐G non‐specific lipid transfer protein (OsLTPL94). Histological and cellular analyses established that OsLTPL94 is strongly expressed in the developing microspores and tapetal cells, and its protein is secreted to the plasma membrane. The l94 mutation impeded the secretory ability of OsLTPL94 protein. Further in vivo and in vitro investigations supported the hypothesis that ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 (EAT1), a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), activated OsLTPL94 expression through direct binding to the E‐box motif of the OsLTPL94 promoter, which was supported by the positive correlation between the expression of EAT1 and OsLTPL94 in two independent eat1 mutants. Our findings suggest that the secretory OsLTPL94 plays a key role in the coordinated development of tapetum and microspores with the regulation of EAT1.
Trade, conflict and informality: Evidence from the South Sudanese civil war
Authors: Rauschendorfer Jakob , Shepherd Ben 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA significant proportion of trade in Africa takes place informally. In this paper we postulate that informal trade is more sensitive to securityrelated trade costs than formal trade. To test this hypothesis, we combine unique aggregated survey data on Uganda's informal crossborder trade with formal customs data and exploit the spatial and time variation of the South Sudanese civil war to causally identify the impact of conflict on different types of trade. Our preferred estimates suggest that the civil war reduced Uganda's informal exports to South Sudan by as much as 80%, compared to an estimated effect of 12% for formal exports. Further, we show that the impact of the conflict on formal exports is driven entirely by a reduction of industrial goods exports while exports of agricultural products continued to flow, presumably reflecting necessities in consumption for which willingness to pay is high. Taken together our results are consistent with the hypothesis that security‐related trade costs have heterogeneous effects on different types of international trade.
A multi‐country analysis of austerity policies in the European Union
Authors: Bajo‐Rubio Oscar , G. Gómez‐Plana Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyse the global effects from the austerity policies recently implemented in the EU, by developing an extension of the GTAP general equilibrium model. The extended model incorporates a new specification of the trade balance (i.e. endogenous), the labour market (i.e. unemployment under a wage curve framework) and the public sector (i.e. split from the representative national agent, with endogenous expenditure and savings). Three alternative policies aimed to get a one percentage point reduction in the EU’s government deficit to GDP ratio are simulated, and their effects on the main macroeconomic variables of seven regions of the world economy are examined. The three policy measures led to contractionary effects on the EU’s activity levels, together with changes in income distribution, always detrimental to labour. The effects on the rest of the world, driven by changes in trade flows, were, however, mostly negligible.
The prevalence of intra‐tumoral and distant thrombi, as well as tumour‐cell emboli in canine neoplasia
Authors: Pazzi Paolo , Celliers Anri , du Plessis Elizabeth C. , Kristensen Annemarie T. , Goddard Amelia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMacroscopic thromboembolic disease has been associated with canine neoplasia, whereas prevalence studies of concurrent microthrombi and tumour‐cell emboli are lacking. This retrospective study investigated microthrombi and tumour cell emboli by reviewing pathology records of dogs diagnosed with lymphoma, sarcoma, carcinoma and mast cell tumours with a concurrent description of thrombi or emboli. Pathology reports and medical records of cases with either tumour biopsies and/or post mortems with a diagnosis of neoplasia were reviewed for the presence of microthrombi, macrothrombi and/or tumour‐cell emboli and the association with tumour type. Of the 28 895 canine cases in the database, 21 252 (73.5%) were antemortem biopsy specimens and 7643 were post mortems (26.5%); 2274 solid tumours were identified, 2107 (92.7%) were antemortem biopsy diagnoses and 167 (7.3%) were post mortem diagnoses. The prevalence of solid tumour types in the database (28 895 cases) was 872 (3.0%) lymphoma, 722 (2.5%) sarcoma, 455 (1.6%) carcinoma and 225 (0.8%) mast cell tumour. The prevalence of microthrombi associated with these tumours was 58/2274 (2.6%). Intra‐tumoral microthrombi were reported in 53/2274 (2.3%) cases, the majority in sarcomas (37/53, 69.8%). No macrothrombi were reported. Tumour‐cell emboli were identified in 39/2274 (1.7%) cases, 31/39 (79.5%) were extra‐tumoral or distant emboli, and carcinoma the most commonly associated tumour (29/39; 74.4%). Microthrombi were reported in 2.6% of cases, the majority in sarcomas and tumour‐cell emboli were identified in 1.7% of cases, the majority carcinomas. Prospective investigations are necessary to explore the potential clinical and prognostic implications of microthrombi and tumour‐cell emboli in canine neoplasia.
Is ‘everything everywhere’? Unprecedented cryptic diversity in the cosmopolitan flatworm Gyratrix hermaphroditus
Authors: Tessens Bart , Monnens Marlies , Backeljau Thierry , Jordaens Kurt , Van Steenkiste Niels , Breman Floris C. , Smeets Karen , Artois Tom 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany nominal species of microscopic animals traditionally fitting the ‘everything is everywhere’ paradigm have been revealed to be complexes of cryptic species. Here, we explore species diversity within the micrometazoan flatworm Gyratrix hermaphroditus—unique among meiofauna because of its global occurrence in a wide variety of brackish, freshwater and marine environments. With maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, we analysed 18S, 28S, 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA sequences from 401 specimens across the global distribution of G. hermaphroditus. Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) methods delineated 78 and 62 putative species, respectively. This renders G. hermaphroditus one of the most species‐rich complexes known to date. Based on shape variations of the male copulatory organ, 14 morphotypes corresponding with molecular clades were identified within the species complex. Within morphotypes, morphometric measurements were able to further discriminate between GMYC species using discriminant analyses. While most putative species occur on local or regional scales, over 10% are distributed over vast distances (>500 km apart) and two GMYC and six ABGD species have colonised multiple continents. This suggests that the cosmopolitanism of the G. hermaphroditus species complex is not just caused by mixing cryptic species with a more limited geographic distribution, but is due to the presence of previously unrecognised cosmopolitan taxa. The wide variation in distribution patterns between putative species indicates that meiofaunal biogeography should not be simplified into ‘everything is everywhere’, but rather entails every ecological state, extending from local endemism to true cosmopolitanism.