bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioversion of supraventricular tachycardia in a cat with suspected Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in the absence of structural cardiac disease
Authors: Miralles‐Plaza Iván , McDonald Hayley R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this publication is to provide the clinical presentation, electrocardiographic findings and therapy for management of suspected Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in a cat without evidence of underlying cardiomyopathy or systemic disease. A 2‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for continued investigations following recent transient loss of consciousness episodes. Electrocardiography showed a sustained supraventricular tachycardia, which was successfully converted to sinus rhythm with intravenous diltiazem administration. Ventricular pre‐excitation was presumed during the electrocardiogram postconversion and oral diltiazem was instituted. Cardiac troponin I was measured, conversely to prior reports, which was significantly high on presentation and decreased after treatment. The new information provided by this case report is that it represents an original description of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in a cat without any obvious underlying cardiomyopathy, and treatment protocol resulted in a successful outcome to date.
Failure mechanisms of wind turbine blades in India: Climatic, regional, and seasonal variability
Authors: Boopathi Kadhirvel , Mishnaevsky Leon , Sumantraa Bose , Premkumar S. Anthonyraj , Thamodharan Krishnaraj , Balaraman Kannan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResults of a survey of failure mechanisms of wind turbine blades in India, observed by service companies, are presented. Surface erosion is the most often observed blade damage mechanism, followed by lightning strikes. Leading edge erosion can be observed even 1–2 years after wind turbine installation, while structural cracks are observed most often only 5–8 years after installation of the wind turbines. The most often emergency repair requests are connected with blade bolt replacement, followed by lightning strikes. Lightning strikes are registered relatively often, every 1–2 years, depending on climate. Lightning strikes are also most often observed in monsoon areas of India and are most common reason for the wind turbine downtimes.
The Institutionalisation of Political Science in ECE: The Grounding of Theory
Authors: Ilonszki Gabriella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chapter aims to establish a theoretical framework regarding the institutionalisation of political science as an academic discipline, by building on the experiences of 16 selected countries. Whether a discipline is institutionalised revolves around three issues: the process, that is, how institutionalisation develops; the outcome, that is, which properties appear indispensable; and what contextual factors matter most in influencing either process or property. Based on a critical review of the literature, the properties of stability, identity, autonomy, reproduction and legitimacy have been defined. These embody a well-institutionalised science: one that should have stable existential patterns, a clear academic profile; one that should be able to independently define its own rules and norms while getting external agents to accept them, and be able to ensure its own reproduction and to maintain a legitimate position. The chapter also examines the specificities in the latecomer political science communities’ institutionalisation patterns. Formation conditions, potential starting points, stability concerns and the issue of ‘regionality’ are specifically considered. As the institutionalisation tasks had to be dealt with in a ‘compressed period of time’ academia here faced the free world of opportunities and adjustment requirements at one and the same time.
Political Science in Central European Democracies Under Pressure
Authors: Világi Aneta , Malová Darina , Kostova Dobrinka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chapter examines the challenges that six Central European Democracies (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia) have faced in the development of political science during the last three decades. We argue that political science as a new social science has gone through many structural reforms: it has acquired a relatively well-institutionalised position, gained autonomy and managed to form its identity. Nevertheless, its position is endangered by the erosion of its legitimacy.In this chapter, we show that political science as a new social science in the Central and Eastern Europe region has acquired a relatively stable position. The discipline has gained autonomy and managed to form its own identity, and has shown a capacity to cope with several challenges that have arisen. However, some of the structural reforms, including the commodification of higher education and the proliferation of political science at universities and other teaching institutions, have recently undermined the stability it had previously gained, as it progressively suffers from a loss of public recognition. We argue that the oversimplified, technocratic approaches of governments in recent years have impaired the legitimacy of the social sciences, and of political science in particular. This common trend is observable in all of the selected countries, albeit with certain variations from one country to another.
Conclusion: A Discipline Viewed from the Fringes—Opportunities Taken and the Risk of Deinstitutionalisation
Authors: Roux Christophe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter concludes the volume. It first sums up the main interests at stake regarding the institutionalisation of political science as an academic discipline. It then analyses the key findings and unresolved questions concerning the growth of the discipline at the turn of the current century in Central and Eastern Europe. It also examines possible harbingers of political science’s deinstitutionalisation within the region.
Introduction
Authors: Çağatay Selin , Liinason Mia , Sasunkevich Olga 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPresenting the research context of the book, this chapter familiarizes the reader with the conceptual, methodological, and ethical discussions and concerns that are present throughout the book. After a brief overview of gender and sexual politics in Russia, Turkey, and the Scandinavian countries, it introduces the book’s multi-scalar transnational methodology—an innovative approach to the study of transnationalizing feminist and LGBTI+ activisms that traces convergences and contrasts between seemingly disparate places and connectivities below and beyond the national scale. The chapter offers descriptions of the ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Russia, Turkey, and the Scandinavian countries, as well as a discussion of how contested terms such as feminism, LGBTI+ , queer, activism, NGOs, West–East, North–South are navigated in the book.
Interplay of dineutrino modes with semileptonic rare B-decays
Authors: Bause Rigo , Gisbert Hector , Golz Marcel , Hiller Gudrun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a systematic global analysis of dineutrino modes b → qν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

, q = d, s, and charged dilepton b → qℓ+ℓ− transitions. We derive improved or even entirely new limits on dineutrino branching ratios including decays B0→ (K0, Xs)ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

, Bs→ ϕν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

and B0→ (π0, ρ0)ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

from dineutrino modes which presently are best constrained: B+→ (K+, π+, ρ+)ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

and B0→ K*0ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

. Using SMEFT we obtain new flavor constraints from the dineutrino modes, which are stronger than the corresponding ones from charged dilepton rare b-decay or Drell-Yan data, for eτ and ττ final states, as well as for μτ ones in b → s processes. The method also allows to put novel constraints on semileptonic four-fermion operators with top quarks. Implications for ditau modes b → sτ+τ− and b → dτ+τ− are worked out. Even stronger constraints are obtained in simplified BSM frameworks such as leptoquarks and Z′-models. Furthermore, the interplay between dineutrinos and charged dileptons allows for concrete, novel tests of lepton universality in rare B-decays. Performing a global fit to b → sμ+μ−, sγ transitions we find that lepton universality predicts the ratio of the B0→ K*0ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

to B0→ K0ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

(B+→ K+ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

) branching fractions to be within 1.7 to 2.6 (1.6 to 2.4) at 1σ, a region that includes the standard model, and that can be narrowed with improved charged dilepton data. There is sizable room outside this region where universality is broken and that can be probed with the Belle II experiment. Using results of a fit to B0→ μ+μ−, $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→$$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

*0μ+μ− and B+→ π+μ+μ− data we obtain an analogous relation for |∆b| = |∆d| = 1 transitions: if lepton universality holds the ratio of the B0→ ρ0ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

to B0→ π0ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

(B+→ π+ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

) branching fractions is within 2.5 to 5.7 (1.2 to 2.6) at 1 σ. Putting upper limits on $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
(Bs→ ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

) at the level of 10−5 and $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
(B0→ ν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

) below 10−6 would allow to control backgrounds from (pseudo-)scalar operators such as those induced by light right-handed neutrinos.
Gravitational waves and dark photon dark matter from axion rotations
Authors: Co Raymond T. , Harigaya Keisuke , Pierce Aaron 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An axion rotating in field space can produce dark photons in the early universe via tachyonic instability. This explosive particle production creates a background of stochastic gravitational waves that may be visible at pulsar timing arrays or other gravitational wave detectors. This scenario provides a novel history for dark photon dark matter. The dark photons may be warm at a level detectable in future 21-cm line surveys. For a consistent cosmology, the radial direction of the complex field containing the axion must be thermalized. We explore a concrete thermalization mechanism in detail and also demonstrate how this setup can be responsible for the generation of the observed baryon asymmetry.
Bildgebung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen intraoperativ, bei ausgewählten Frakturen und im Verlauf nach konservativer und operativer Behandlung
Authors: Dresing Klaus , Fernandez Francisco , Schmittenbecher Peter , Dresing Kaya , Strohm Peter , Spering Christopher , Kraus Ralf ,   Sektion Kindertraumatologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung
Die Indikation für Röntgenuntersuchungen bei pädiatrischen und jugendlichen Traumapatienten sollte ALARA (as low as reasonable achievable) folgen. Aufgrund der Wirkung der Strahlung auf das wachsende sensible Gewebe dieser jungen Patienten sollte immer eine strenge Indikation zum Strahleneinsatz und bei Kontrollen nach Frakturversorgung gestellt werden.

Methoden
Eine Online-Umfrage der Sektion Kindertraumatologie (SKT) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) vom 15.11.2019 bis 29.02.2020. Zielgruppen waren Unfall‑, Kinder- und Allgemeinchirurgen sowie Orthopäden.

Ergebnisse
Teilnehmer: 788. Intraoperative Anwendungen: Kollimation 50 % immer, Postprocessing zur Vergrößerung 40 %, gepulstes Röntgen 47 % und 89 % keine kontinuierliche Fluoroskopie; 63 % Osteosynthese nie direkt auf dem Bildverstärker. Röntgenkontrollen nach Metallentfernung werden von 24 % nie verwendet. Nach operierter suprakondylärer Humerusfraktur werden Kontrollen bis zu 6 Mal durchgeführt. Nach distaler Radius-Grünholzfraktur verzichten 40 % auf weitere Röntgenkontrollen, nach konservativ versorgter Clavicularschaftfraktur 55 % auf weitere Kontrollen, andere röntgen mehrfach. Nach nicht dislozierter konservativ versorgter Tibiaschaftfraktur empfehlen 63 % eine radiologische Kontrolle nach einer Woche in zwei Ebenen, 24 % nach 2 Wochen, 37 % nach 4 Wochen und 32 % nach 6 Wochen.

Diskussion
Die Analyse zeigt, dass es kein einheitliches radiologisches Management von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Frakturen unter den Befragten gibt. Bei einigen Indikation für den Einsatz von Röntgenstrahlen scheint der Nutzen nicht evident zu sein. Das ALARA-Prinzip scheint nicht durchgängig beachtet zu werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Vergleicht man die dokumentierten Ergebnisse der Umfrage mit den Konsensergebnissen der SKT zeigen sich Unterschiede.
Bildgebung nach Unfall in Klinik und Praxis bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Dresing Klaus , Kraus Ralf , Fernandez Francisco , Schmittenbecher Peter , Dresing Kaya , Strohm Peter , Spering Christopher ,   Sektion Kindertraumatologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Indikation zum Röntgen sollte bei pädiatrischen und jugendlichen Traumapatienten streng dem ALARA-Prinzip (as low as reasonable achievable) folgen. Die Wirkung der Strahlung auf das wachsende sensible Gewebe dieser Patienten darf nicht außer acht gelassen werden.

Fragestellung
Die Sektion Kindertraumatologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (SKT) wollte klären wie in der Traumaversorgung dem Prinzip gefolgt wird.

Methoden
Eine Online-Umfrage war 10 Wochen lang offen. Zielgruppen waren Unfall-, Kinder- und Allgemeinchirurgen sowie Orthopäden.

Ergebnisse
Von 15.11.2019 bis 29.02.2020 beteiligten sich 788 Ärzte: Niederlassung 20,56 %, MVZ 4,31 %, Krankenhaus 75,13 %; Assistenzarzt 16,62 %, Oberarzt 38,07 %, Chefarzt 22,59 %. Nach Facharztqualifikation ergab sich die Verteilung: 38,34 % Chirurgie, 33,16 % Unfallchirurgie, 36,66 % spezielle Unfallchirurgie, 70,34 % Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, 18,78 % Kinderchirurgie. Häufigkeit des Kontakts mit Frakturen in der o. g. Altersgruppe wurde angegeben mit 37 % < 10/Monat, 27 % < 20/M, 36 %> 20/M. Etwa 52 % fordern immer Röntgenaufnahmen in 2 Ebenen nach akutem Trauma. Das Röntgen der Gegenseite bei unklaren Befunden lehnen 70 % ab. 23 % wenden die Sonographie regelmäßig in der Frakturdiagnostik an. Bei polytraumatisierten Kindern und Jugendlichen wird das Ganzkörper-CT bei 18 % nie, bei 50 % selten und bei 14 % standardmäßig eingesetzt.

Diskussion
Die Analyse zeigt, dass es kein einheitliches radiologisches Management von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Frakturen unter den Befragten gibt.

Schlussfolgerung
Vergleicht man die Ergebnisse der Umfrage mit den kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichten Konsensergebnissen des SKT, so bedarf es noch Überzeugungsarbeit, um den Einsatz von Röntgenstrahlen bei der Primärdiagnostik zu ändern.
Impact of instrumental settings in electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry on the analysis of multi-CH3-/CD3-isotopologs in cellulose ether analysis: a quantitative evaluation
Authors: Schleicher Sarah , Lottje Inka-Rosalia , Mischnick Petra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExact quantification of the molar ratios of isotopologous mixed O-methyl-O-methyl-d3-cellooligosaccharides (COS) comprising all combinations from fully methylated to fully deuteromethylated constituents within an individual degree of polymerization (DP) is the key step in the analysis of the substituent distribution over the polymer chains in methyl celluloses (MC). Deuteromethylation of MC is performed to level chemical differences, but due to a m/z range of 3 DP·ΔMe/Me-d3, bias during MS measurement cannot certainly be excluded. Therefore, ionization, ion transportation, and ion storage were studied with an electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometer (ESI-IT-MS) using binary equimolar mixtures of per-O-Me- and per-O-Me-d3-COS, defining the border cases of a particular Me/Me-d3-profile. Reference data of their molar ratio were determined after reductive amination with m-amino benzoic acid by HPLC-UV. COS of DP2–6 were measured as their sodium adducts at c = 10−6 M by syringe pump infusion. The impact of the RF voltage of the ion trap (TD), the octopole RF and DC voltages, and the Cap Exit potential on absolute and relative ion intensities were studied. Adapting the Cap Exit voltage was essential for correct quantification of DP2, while all COS of higher DP behaved insensitive with respect to bias. To check whether any bias occurs in the electrospray ionization process of the isotopologs, concentration-dependent measurements were performed with optimized instrumental settings for each DP. Intensity ratios IR = I (Me-d3)/I (Me) did not show any concentration-dependent trend and no selective ion suppression. Its decrease with DP observed under usually applied standard conditions (smart mode) is a consequence of discrimination according to m/z and can be overcome by appropriate instrumental settings of Oct 2 DC and TD. IR between 0.971 ± 0.008 and 1.040 ± 0.009 with no trend for DP (2-6) were obtained by averaging all measurements in the range 2 · 10−7 to 2 · 10−5 M total concentration. The DP-related optimized settings were applied to two MCs and compared with the results obtained under so far applied standard conditions.
Graphical abstract
Solitary colorectal liver metastasis: overview of treatment strategies and role of prognostic factors
Authors: Acciuffi S. , Meyer F. , Bauschke A. , Croner R. , Settmacher U. , Altendorf-Hofmann A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe following is an overview of the treatment strategies and the prognostic factors to consider in the therapeutic choice of patients characterized by solitary colorectal liver metastasis. Liver resection is the only potential curative option; nevertheless, only 25% of the patients are considered to be eligible for surgery. To expand the potentially resectable pool of patients, surgeons developed multidisciplinary techniques like portal vein embolization, two-stage hepatectomy or associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy. Moreover, mini-invasive surgery is gaining support, since it offers lower post-operative complication rates and shorter hospital stay with no differences in long-term outcomes. In case of unresectable disease, various techniques of local ablation have been developed. Radiofrequency ablation is the most commonly used form of thermal ablation: it is widely used for unresectable patients and is trying to find its role in patients with small resectable metastasis. The identification of prognostic factors is crucial in the choice of the treatment strategy. Previous works that focused on patients with solitary colorectal liver metastasis obtained trustable negative predictive factors such as presence of lymph-node metastasis in the primary tumour, synchronous metastasis, R status, right-sided primary colon tumor, and additional presence of extrahepatic tumour lesion. Even the time factor could turn into a predictor of tumour biology as well as further clinical course, and could be helpful to discern patients with worse prognosis.
Diabetic kidney disease in children and adolescents: an update
Authors: Lopez Lauren N. , Wang Weijie , Loomba Lindsey , Afkarian Maryam , Butani Lavjay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), previously encountered predominantly in adult patients, is rapidly gaining center stage as a childhood morbidity and one that pediatric nephrologists are likely to encounter with increasing frequency. This is in large part due to the obesity epidemic and the consequent rise in type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents, as well as the more aggressive diabetes phenotype in today’s youth with more rapid β-cell decline and faster development and progression of diabetes-related complications along with lower responsiveness to the treatments used in adults. DKD, an end-organ complication of diabetes, is at the very least a marker of, and more likely a predisposing factor for, the development of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and premature mortality in children with diabetes. On an optimistic note, several new therapeutic approaches are now available for the management of diabetes in adults, such as GLP1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and DPP4 inhibitors, that have also been shown to have a favorable impact on cardiorenal outcomes. Also promising is the success of very low-energy diets in inducing remission of diabetes in adults. However, the addition of these pharmacological and dietary approaches to the management toolbox of diabetes and DKD in children and adolescents awaits thorough assessment of their safety and efficacy in this population. This review outlines the scope of diabetes and DKD, and new developments that may favorably impact the management of children and young adults with diabetes and DKD.
Examining clinical correlates, treatment outcomes and mediators in young people with comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Jassi A. D. , Vidal-Ribas P. , Krebs G. , Mataix-Cols D. , Monzani B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the high comorbidity, surprisingly little is known about the clinical features, treatment prognosis, and treatment mediators for youth with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study, the largest to date, compared 172 young people with OCD and ASD (OCD + ASD) to 447 without ASD (OCD) on clinical characteristics, finding those with OCD + ASD were more likely to endorse poorer insight into their OCD, have greater global functional impairment, greater levels of concurrent psychopathology, higher levels of family accommodation and to be on medication. Treatment outcomes following a course of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with or without medication were explored for a subgroup; 100 young people with OCD + ASD and 223 with OCD. Whilst both groups benefitted from treatment, the OCD + ASD group had significantly poorer treatment outcomes. Greater global functional impairment and being on medication mediated the between-group difference in outcomes. Further research and treatment refinements are needed to improve outcomes for youth with OCD + ASD.
Mirror-mediated string-pulling task in Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius)
Authors: Baciadonna Luigi , Cornero Francesca M. , Clayton Nicola S. , Emery Nathan J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMirror tasks can be used to investigate whether animals can instrumentally use a mirror to solve problems and can understand the correspondence between reflections and the real objects they represent. Two bird species, a corvid (New Caledonian crow) and a parrot (African grey parrot), have demonstrated the ability to use mirrors instrumentally in mirror-mediated spatial locating tasks. However, they have not been challenged with a mirror-guided reaching task, which involves a more complex understanding of the mirror’s properties. In the present study, a task approximating the mirror-guided reaching task used in primate studies was adapted for, and given to, a corvid species (Eurasian jay) using a horizontal string-pulling paradigm. Four birds learned to pull the correct string to retrieve a food reward when they could see the food directly, whereas none used the reflected information to accomplish the same objective. Based on these results, it cannot be concluded whether these birds understand the correspondence between the location of the reward and its reflected information, or if the relative lack of visual-perceptual motor feedback given by the setup interfered with their performance. This novel task is posited to be conceptually more difficult compared to mirror-mediated spatial locating tasks, and should be used in avian species that have previously been successful at using the mirror instrumentally. This would establish whether these species can still succeed at it, and thus whether the task does indeed pose additional cognitive demands.