bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Pandemic COVID-19 on the Implementation of Construction Contracts
Authors: Larasati Dewi , Ekawati Novya , Triyadi Sugeng , Muchlis Aulia Fikriarini , Wardhani Anedya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID 19 pandemic has affected various sectors in the world, including the construction sector in Indonesia. The biggest impact is the impact on the health sector and the economy. The government budget for the construction sector has been cut very significantly, which has a negative impact on stakeholders, especially causing financial problems for business actors in construction. In this study, the identification of the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic was carried out on the construction sector, especially in the implementation of contracts. The research method used is through a quantitative analysis with questionnaire data which is distributed to stakeholders involved in the implementation of construction contracts. The results of identification study through questionnaires show that 80% of construction projects are still running in the current COVID 19 pandemic condition. However, pandemic conditions affect project performance, especially at the time of project completion. In addition, in implementing the health protocol, assistance, additional costs, improvement of human resource capacity, and special equipment are required, so that the health protocol can be implemented properly. On the other hand, most stakeholders stated that the online coordination system during the pandemic for the implementation of construction projects tends to be less effective. Hopefully, the research results can provide direction in finding the best strategy to reduce the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the construction sector, both in terms of health and project performance.
The Study of Connectivity and Network Degree toward Mitigation Strategy for Resilient Kampung in Indonesia (Case Study: Kampung Taman Sari, Bandung)
Authors: Tambunan Lily , Donny Koerniawan M , Asriana Nova , Fathina Izmi N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the resilience of kampung settlement based on connectivity for developing mitigation strategy in urban context. Kampung Taman Sari, Bandung, is chosen as a case study of this paper. Kampung, the main urban settlement type of every city in Indonesia, is an informal settlement, with minimum urban services and facilities, therefore inhabitants who living there are more vulnerable in the response of disaster evacuation. This paper studies a deep understanding of the morphological configuration of Kampung based on connectivity and networks which define and show the degree of capability to prepare, respond, recover, and survive in the face of disaster. Depth map simulation and Space Syntax is used to analyze the degree of connectivity and network. The result shows the key relation of connectivity and accessibility of movement evacuation, not only for human movement but also rescue team, including the transportation.
Performance analysis of two-dimensional section of partially textured piston ring with cavitation boundary conditions
Authors: Atulkar A , Pandey R K , Subbarao P M V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The lubrication problems for cavitation are solved using the Elrod algorithm/its modifications, which are extremely nonlinear in nature due to binary switch function, lead to convergence issues, consequently, prone to numerical instabilities. In the present study, a continuous switch function is used to avoid these issues, which has not been explored yet for investigating performance behaviours (minimum film thickness, friction force, and power-loss) of piston ring/cylinder liner pair. The modified Reynolds equation is discretized using the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The algebraic equations have been solved by employing the Elrod and Vijayaraghavan-Keith algorithm with a modified switch function proposed by Fesanghary-Khonsari, which satisfies the mass-conservative cavitation. On the other hand, the total computational domain plays a significant role in predicting accurate numerical results. Therefore, in the present investigation, a piston ring segment of 3 mm × 1.20 mm has been investigated, which comprises larger computational domains ever considered in previous studies. The textures are cylindrical and situated at both ends of the piston ring, leaving the center portion untextured in the axial direction. The minimum film thickness change with time (squeeze film action) and lubricant’s (SAE 20W-40 engine oil) viscosity change with operating temperature have been incorporated in the spectrum of this study. The textured piston ring demonstrated an increase up to 7.2% of the minimum film thickness, friction reduction up to 30%, and reduction in power-loss up to 11% compared to the conventional (un-textured) piston ring.
Surface form analysis on complex freeform organic structures – measuring erosive wear on human teeth in vitro
Authors: Mylonas P , Moazzez R , Joiner A , Bartlett D , Bull T , McBride J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Natural human enamel (NHE) is a complex freeform surface which has presented significant difficulties in measuring surface form change using non-contacting laser profilometry (NCLP). Measuring surface form change on NHE is a metrology proxy for measuring dental tooth structure loss, and characterising this using non-ISO parameters (volume, surface area, and normalised lesion depth) has been seldom studied due surface complexity and undetermined measurement errors. This study determines NCLP measurement errors (instrument repeatability and method reproducibility) for non-ISO parameters, characterises change in surface form on NHE following a dietary pH-cycling model. NHE (n = 1) was scanned consecutively twenty-times using NCLP with/without sample replacement producing consecutive surface profile data. Residual data was created after subtracting consecutive filtered profile data (80 μm, Gaussian filter), and mean (SD) volume, surface area, and normalised lesion depth was determined within a 1.5 mm circular region of interest (ROI). Volume error (expressed as height variation across ROI surface area) was 0.022 μm (instrument repeatability) and 0.149 μm (method reproducibility), whilst surface area error (expressed as percentage change of the surface area deviation across the entire surface area) was 0.034% (repeatability error) and 0.081% (reproducibility error). Sixty-four natural enamel surfaces taped with polyvinyl-chloride tape leaving 1.5 mm exposed ROI underwent dietary erosion cycling (three 5-min cycles, 0.3% citric acid w/v, pH 3.2) generating artificial erosion lesions. Samples were scanned with NCLP before/after each erosion cycle, scans filtered for microtexture, and after-erosion scans were subtracted from before-erosion scans. NCLP results show mean (SD) volume, surface area, normalised depth, and 3D step-height of the eroded area increased significantly after each erosion cycle, with no significant difference in calcium and phosphate release after each cycle. We demonstrate a robust and valid dental model with analysis workflow to measure surface form change in NHE using NCLP, improving understanding of measuring surface form change in complex freeform surfaces.
Influence of interface anisotropy on ferromagnetic resonance in CoP/(NiP)am/CoP films
Authors: Patrin G S , Shiyan Ya G , Chzhan A V , Podorozhnyak S A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of ferromagnetic resonance studies of three-layer magnetic films, where the magnetic layers are amorphous magnetically soft CoP layers, and the intermediate non-magnetic spacer is amorphous NiP layer. We found that, regardless of the nonmagnetic layer thickness, the interlayer interaction is ferromagnetic. Perpendicular anisotropy forms at the interface between the CoP and NiP layers. It is reasonable to suppose that the interlayer interaction is long-range, what is not typical for systems with metallic non-magnetic spacers.
Hospital admission as a deprescribing triage point for patients discharged to Residential Aged Care Facilities
Authors: Roberts Greg , Pegoli Matthew , Grzeskowiak Luke , Benger Sophie , Forbes Heather , Hunt Kathryn , Jafari Shabnam , Koeper Ivanka , McDonald Cameron , Nguyen Hanh , Rawther Khadeeja , Taeuber Lauren , Tran Evelyn , Vu Peter , Wisdom Alice , Russell Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Deprescribing may benefit older frail patients experiencing polypharmacy. We investigated the scope for deprescribing in acutely hospitalised patients and the long-term implications of continuation of medications that could potentially be deprescribed.

Methods
Acutely hospitalised patients (n = 170) discharged to Residential Aged Care Facilities, ≥75 years and receiving ≥5 regular medications were assessed during admission to determine eligibility for deprescribing of key drug classes, along with the actual incidence of deprescribing. The impact of continuation of nominated drug classes (anticoagulants, antidiabetics, antiplatelets, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), statins) on a combined endpoint (death/readmission) was determined.

Results
Hyperpolypharmacy (&gt;10 regular medications) was common (49.4%) at admission. Varying rates of deprescribing occurred during hospitalisation for the nominated drug classes (8–53%), with considerable potential for further deprescribing (34–90%). PPI use was prevalent (56%) and 89.5% of these had no clear indication. Of the drug classes studied, only continued PPI use at discharge was associated with increased mortality/readmission at 1 year (hazard ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval (1.06–2.26), P = 0.025), driven largely by readmission.

Conclusion
There is considerable scope for acute hospitalisation to act as a triage point for deprescribing in older patients. PPIs in particular appeared overprescribed in this susceptible patient group, and this was associated with earlier readmission. Polypharmacy in older hospitalised patients should be targeted for possible deprescribing during hospitalisation, especially PPIs.
Association of life satisfaction with disability-free survival: role of chronic diseases and healthy lifestyle
Authors: Wu Wei , Shang Ying , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Rizzuto Debora , Saadeh Marguerita , Dove Abigail , Pan Kuan-Yu , Xu Weili 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
this article investigates the association between life satisfaction and disability-free survival, and explores the roles of chronic diseases and healthy lifestyle in this association.

Method
a cohort of 2,116 functionally independent adults aged ≥60 was followed up to 12 years. At baseline, life satisfaction was assessed with the Life Satisfaction Index A (LSI-A). Disability-free survival was defined as the survival till the first occurrence of either death, dementia or physical disability. Information on lifestyle factors was collected via questionnaire. Chronic diseases were ascertained through clinical examinations at baseline and each follow-up. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression models and Laplace regression.

Results
over follow-up, 1,121 participants died, developed dementia, or became disabled. High LSI-A versus Low LSI-A had a lower risk of death, dementia and physical disability (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.67–0.94), and had a longer disability-free period by 1.73 (95% CI 0.18–3.32) years. In mediation analysis, accumulation of chronic diseases mediated 17.8% of the association between LSI-A and disability-free survival. In joint effect analysis, participants with high LSI-A and a favourable lifestyle profile had a HR of 0.53 (95% CI 0.41–0.69) for the composite endpoint, and lived 3.2 (95% CI 1.35–5.11) disability-free years longer than those with low life satisfaction and an unfavourable lifestyle profile.

Discussion
high life satisfaction is independently associated with longer disability-free survival. This association is partially mediated by a lower burden of chronic diseases and is reinforced by healthy lifestyle.
Informal Institutional Elements as Both Preconditions and Consequences of Effective Formal Legal Rules: The Failure of Constitutional Institution Building in Hungary
Authors: Jakab András 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Institutions are made up of the interplay of three components: (i) formal rules, (ii) actual practices, and (iii) narratives (the last two are referred to jointly as informal institutional elements). However, lawyers in post-socialist countries do not see law through institutionalist lenses, but often nurture a false and simplistic idea of the law: they consider it to be the sum of rules, often disregarding the actual practices of the rules’ addressees and the narratives attached to the law (encompassing everything from the raison d’être and goal of the institution, its symbolism, the public discourse surrounding it, to social attitudes toward the institution). This restricted view makes Hungarian lawyers blind and to a certain extent also defenceless against recent authoritarian tendencies. Institution building has been a moderately successful feat in Hungary. To put it more pessimistically, it has partially failed since the end of socialism, in particular when it comes to actual practices and narratives. In the Hungarian context, consideration of the problems of institution building suggests two general conclusions: on the one hand, the lack of unison among the individual elements (rules, practices, narratives) renders institutions less stable and consequently less capable of inducing compliance with the law; on the other, the institutions that have been established have failed to deliver prosperity to the political community. This Article describes the constitution making of 2010–2011 from the perspective of institution building. This institutionalist view of the law yields two main specific findings: First, historical experience shows that in addition to honest determination, a swift, radical institutional overhaul of a complete legal system can only be sustainable in the presence of an external pressure, the effect of which has unfortunately decreased with Hungary’s accession to the European Union. That is, institution building should go hand in hand with effective international and EU obligations undertaken in more sober political moments to guarantee that the political community will not later enter into a self-destructive mode. Second, if they took more consciously into account elements beyond mere rules, such as actual practices and narratives in the realm of legislation, the application of the law and legal training would ideally result in the gradual reinforcement of substantive cultural elements. This, however, requires political action, more precisely the adjustment of formal rules. Since this is not in the interest of the incumbent decision makers, overcoming the impasse seems unlikely for the time being.
Adipose-derived stem cells inhibit dermal fibroblast growth and induce apoptosis in keloids through the arachidonic acid-derived cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 cascade by paracrine
Authors: Yang Jinxiu , Li Shiyi , He Leren , Chen Minliang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The clinical features of keloids consist of aberrant proliferation, secretion, differentiation and apoptosis of keloid dermis-derived fibroblasts (KFBs). Notably, the apoptosis rate of KFBs is lower than the proliferation rate. Though the anti-fibrotic effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on keloids has become a hot topic of research, the exact anti-fibrotic mechanism of the paracrine effect remains unclear. This study aimed to find out how the conditioned medium of ADSCs (ADSC-CM) exerts an anti-fibrotic effect in KFBs.

Methods
KFBs and ADSCs were extracted and cultured. Then, ADSC-CM was prepared. Whether ADSC-CM could inhibit KFB growth and induce apoptosis was verified by the use of a cell counting kit-8, an 5-Ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (Edu) kit and flow cytometry. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, caspase 3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in ADSC-CM-cultured KFBs were tested by real-time PCR and western blotting. To clarify the role of COX-2 in ADSC-CM-induced KFB apoptosis, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, was applied to KFBs cultured in ADSC-CM. Moreover, we tested the production of arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by ELISA. Then, we established a keloid transplantation model in a nude mouse to validate the therapeutic effect in vivo.

Results
The proliferation ability of KFBs cultured in ADSC-CM was found to be weakened and apoptosis was significantly increased. Caspase 3 expression was significantly upregulated and Bcl-2 was downregulated in ADSC-CM-cultured KFBs. Furthermore, ADSC-CM strikingly elevated COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions, but COX-1 expression was unaltered. COX-2 inhibitors reduced ADSC-CM-induced apoptosis. Additionally, COX-2 inhibition blocked the elevation of caspase 3 and reversed the decrease in Bcl-2 expression. ADSC-CM increased PGE2 levels by 1.5-fold and this effect was restrained by COX-2 inhibition. In the nude mouse model, expressions of AA, COX-2 and PGE2 were higher in the translated keloid tissues after ADSC-CM injection than in the controls.

Conclusions
We showed activation of the COX-2/PGE2 cascade in KFBs in response to ADSC-CM. By employing a specific COX-2 inhibitor, COX-2/PGE2 cascade activation played a crucial role in mediating the ADSC-CM-induced KFB apoptosis and anti-proliferation effects.
In Vivo Brain Glutathione is Higher in Older Age and Correlates with Mobility
Authors: Hupfeld K E , Hyatt H W , Alvarez Jerez P , Mikkelsen M , Hass C J , Edden R A E , Seidler R D , Porges E C 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBrain markers of oxidative damage increase with advancing age. In response, brain antioxidant levels may also increase with age, although this has not been well investigated. Here, we used edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify endogenous levels of glutathione (GSH, one of the most abundant brain antioxidants) in 37 young [mean: 21.8 (2.5) years; 19 female] and 23 older adults [mean: 72.8 (8.9) years; 19 female]. Accounting for age-related atrophy, we identified higher frontal and sensorimotor GSH levels for the older compared with the younger adults. For the older adults only, higher sensorimotor (but not frontal) GSH was correlated with poorer balance and gait. This suggests a regionally specific relationship between higher brain oxidative stress levels and motor performance declines with age. We suggest these findings reflect an upregulation of GSH in response to increasing brain oxidative stress with normal aging. Together, these results provide insight into age differences in brain antioxidant levels and implications for motor function.
Oligodendrocyte Secreted Factors Shape Hippocampal GABAergic Neuron Transcriptome and Physiology
Authors: Mazuir Elisa , Richevaux Louis , Nassar Merie , Robil Noémie , de la Grange Pierre , Lubetzki Catherine , Fricker Desdemona , Sol-Foulon Nathalie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Oligodendrocytes form myelin for central nervous system axons and release factors which signal to neurons during myelination. Here, we ask how oligodendroglial factors influence hippocampal GABAergic neuron physiology. In mixed hippocampal cultures, GABAergic neurons fired action potentials (APs) of short duration and received high frequencies of excitatory synaptic events. In purified neuronal cultures without glial cells, GABAergic neuron excitability increased and the frequency of synaptic events decreased. These effects were largely reversed by adding oligodendrocyte conditioned medium (OCM). We compared the transcriptomic signature with the electrophysiological phenotype of single neurons in these three culture conditions. Genes expressed by single pyramidal or GABAergic neurons largely conformed to expected cell-type specific patterns. Multiple genes of GABAergic neurons were significantly downregulated by the transition from mixed cultures containing glial cells to purified neuronal cultures. Levels of these genes were restored by the addition of OCM to purified cultures. Clustering genes with similar changes in expression between different culture conditions revealed processes affected by oligodendroglial factors. Enriched genes are linked to roles in synapse assembly, AP generation, and transmembrane ion transport, including of zinc. These results provide new insight into the molecular targets by which oligodendrocytes influence neuron excitability and synaptic function.
Research on Unexpected DNS Response from Open DNS Resolvers
Authors: Lu Keyu , Chai Tingting , Xu Haiyan , Prasad Shitala , Yan Jianen , Zhang Zhaoxin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As the backbone of the domain name system (DNS), DNS resolvers are essential to the Internet. Nowadays, the measurement of DNS resolvers, especially open DNS resolvers, has become a research focus. Previous research works show that DNS responses returned from some open DNS resolvers are not expected for clients and the Internet. We call these DNS responses ‘unexpected DNS responses’. Research on unexpected DNS responses is beneficial to the research, usage and management of open DNS resolvers. This paper explores unexpected DNS responses returned from open DNS resolvers in terms of identification and classification to better understand the behaviours of open DNS resolvers. First, an identification method is proposed to identify all kinds of DNS responses from each section of DNS messages. Second, a classification method is proposed to classify unexpected DNS responses by their influences on clients and the Internet. Furthermore, an efficient identification and classification method is proposed to simplify the above process. Among about 9 million responding open DNS resolvers in the experiments on the IPv4 address space, about 40% return unexpected DNS responses. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can identify and classify all kinds of DNS responses returned from open DNS resolvers.