bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamifying Audio Description Training
Authors: Zhang Xiaochun 
Published: October 2021

State-of-the-art training methods for audio description (AD) are essential in preparing future professionals to meet the demand for accessible media content. Gamification, the application of game elements in non-game contexts, has been gaining increasing scholarly attention in the field of teaching and learning over the past few years. It is considered an effective pedagogical approach and has been applied in diverse contexts but not yet in AD training. This paper first provides a brief review of current AD teaching practice before investigating the implementation of gamification strategies in the language industry and in translator and interpreter training. It then introduces a gamified in-class activity based on the framework of Werbach and Hunter (2012). The process of gamification, the design of the activity, and its reception by students are presented and discussed. As it seems to be the first attempt at applying gamification to the teaching of AD, there is plenty of space for improvement and further gamification. Reflection and suggestions on the activity design and gamification as a pedagogical approach are thus provided in the hope of exploring new methods in AD teaching as well as other topics in translator and interpreter training.
Lay summary
Audio description (AD) is a service that verbally describes relevant visual elements of artwork or media products, making them accessible to blind and partially sighted users. Up-to-date training methods for AD are important in preparing future professionals to meet the demand for accessible media content. Gamification refers to the use of game elements in non-game contexts, which is considered an effective pedagogical approach and has been applied in diverse contexts but not yet in AD training. This paper first provides a brief review of current AD teaching practice before investigating gamification strategies in the language industry and in translator and interpreter training. It then introduces a gamified in-class activity and discusses the process of gamification, the design of the activity, and its reception by students. As it seems to be the first attempt at applying gamification to the teaching of AD, there is plenty of space for improvement and further gamification. Reflection and suggestions on the activity design and gamification as a teaching method are thus provided to explore new approaches in AD teaching and other topics in translator and interpreter training.
Public Scholarship in Dance
Authors: Overby Lynnette Young 
Published: October 2021

Dance educators in higher education have a long history of enriching the lives of others through community-based teaching, choreography, research, and service. Yet their valuable contributions to community development may not be acknowledged as legitimate scholarship by the university or other educational organizations.
If you are a dance educator or student seeking to engage in public scholarship in dance and want to ensure your work receives the attention it deserves, this resource is for you. Public Scholarship in Dance is a dance-specific guide that provides examples of what others have done and suggestions for ways dance educators can evaluate their own projects or work for scholarship. Complete with research, teaching, performance, assessments, and dissemination tools, it is a total package that supports dance educators in their professional development through public scholarship and community engagement.
A single training session of visual choice reaction time after mild stroke: a proof of concept
Authors: Caires Tamise Aguiar , Luvizutto Gustavo José , Vieira Paula Cíntia Dos Santos , Jablonski Gabriel , Bazan Rodrigo , Andrade Adriano De Oliveira , Souza Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de 
Published: October 2021

PurposeVisual choice reaction time can be measured in reaching, which is an important task to investigate after stroke owing to its high clinical importance in activities of daily living. The study aim was to evaluate the visual choice reaction time during reaching tasks in the ipsilateral and contralateral spaces before and after a single training session of choice reaction time in patients after a mild stroke.MethodsThe cross-sectional study involved 7 individuals after a mild stroke. The visual choice reaction time was evaluated during reaching in the affected and unaffected sides in the ipsilateral and contralateral spaces. All individuals trained the choice reaction time during a functional reaching task in a single session. In the training, 6 circles were used in a randomized sequence in 5 blocks, with 10 stimuli per block, for a total of 50 repetitions.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the choice reaction time for the unaffected side in the ipsilateral space after training (<i>p</i> = 0.041). The other task conditions did not show a statistical difference, but a clinical relevance based on Cohen’s d (<i>d</i> > 0.60).ConclusionsA single training session can decrease the choice reaction time for the affected side during tasks in the ipsilateral space after a mild stroke.
How does the amount of movement and observer expertise shape the perception of motion aesthetics in dance?
Authors: Vinken Pia M. , Heinen Thomas 
Published: October 2021

PurposeResearch on empirical aesthetics suggests that specific kinematic parameters are related to the perception of motion aesthetics. Furthermore, an observer’s expertise seems to be related to the perception of motion aesthetics when complex biological motion stimuli are present. The central aim of this study was to investigate whether the amount that specific body parts moved during a complex motor skill was related to the perception of motion aesthetics in observers with different levels of sensory-motor expertise.MethodsOverall, 36 participants divided into 2 groups (18 dancers and 18 non-dancers) were asked to indicate their perceived motion aesthetics when they watched stick-figure video sequences of 3 different semi-standardized dance skills. The stick-figure video sequences were generated from original motion stimuli, and motion aesthetics were measured via Likert scales.ResultsThe perception of motion aesthetics in relation to the amount that specific body parts move is skill- and expertise-specific. Dance poses are perceived similarly by dancers and non-dancers, but motion aesthetics during dance jumps and turns are perceived differently. Furthermore, the amount that specific body parts move affects whether the observer perceives the motor skills as more or less aesthetic.ConclusionsThe observer’s sensory-motor expertise regarding the observed motor skills can shape their perception of motion aesthetics. The findings of this study demonstrate that there is a skill- and expertise-specific relationship between motion kinematics and motion aesthetics.
Prevalence of forward neck posture and influence of smartphones in physiotherapy students
Authors: Janet Annie , Mohan Kumar G. , V. Rajalaxmi , Ramachandran S , Priya C. , Yuvarani G. , Tharani G. , KamatchI K. , Muthu Raj G. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim: InAsia, the prevalence of forward neck posture is 66%. Forward neck posture is the anterior positioning of cervical spine. This posture is sometimes called as “scholar’s neck. Forward neck posture can lead to musculoskeletal disorders such as injuries in muscles, tendons, and peripheral vessels, vascular vessels caused by repetitive or continuous use of certain body part. In forward neck posture, the sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius are largely responsible for turning and nodding the head. When the head moves front, the spine follows, pulling the shoulder blades forward as well.They make contact with the upper ribs and begin to drag it forward with them.Therefore, this study aims to quantify forward neck posture in prolonged smart phone users.

Methodology:An observational study was done in smartphone using student population comparing the control group students with forward neck posture studentsfor the duration of 3weeks. This study has included 100 students with forward neck posturewho were recruited fromDr. MGR Educational & Research Institute. Goniometer, Craniovertebral angle and Plumb line were used as the outcome measure.

Results:The findings of this research exhibit there is a statistically significant changes inforward neck posture studentscompared with control group and the mean difference is 14.97 in two groups students.

Conclusion:The present study concluded that 3 weeks after assessing the students. Forward neck posture students found to have decreased craniovertebral angle and range of motion compared to normal neck posture students and also found that forward neck posture students spent 5-6 hours using smart phones per day.
Instagram et TikTok influencent-ils les comportements d'achat en ligne?
Authors: Paquet David , Dubuc Aurélie , Mélançon Laurie , Chrétien Maxime , Jacques Christian , Giroux Isabelle 
Published: October 2021

Certains réseaux sociaux (RS), comme Instagram et TikTok, sont basés exclusivement sur le partage de photos ou de vidéos. Les utilisateurs de ces RS sont exposés à du contenu visuel pouvant modifier leurs comportements d’achat en ligne, notamment par la publicité et le contenu partagé par les personnalités publiques. L’objectif de l’étude est de vérifier si l’utilisation d’Instagram ou de TikTok permet de prédire les comportements d’achat en ligne. Via un questionnaire en ligne, 406 utilisateurs d’Instagram ou de TikTok, majoritairement de sexe féminin (83,3%), étudiants (75,1%) et tous âgés de 18 ans et plus (M = 26,4 ans), ont répondu à des questions concernant leurs habitudes d’utilisation des RS, leurs comportements d’achat en ligne ainsi que leur niveau de matérialisme, d’image de soi, d’anxiété et de dépression. Les résultats issus de régressions linéaires ne permettent pas de prédire de manière statistiquement significative les comportements d’achat en ligne. L’hypothèse de l’étude voulant que l’utilisation des RS puisse prédire les comportements d’achat en ligne n’est donc pas confirmée. Les modèles de régressions linéaires indiquent que les covariables de matérialisme, de revenu, d’image de soi et d’anxiété prédisent de manière statistiquement significative (p < 0,05) les comportements d’achat en ligne, malgré le peu de variance expliquée dans chaque modèle (R2 < 0,05). Ces résultats peuvent s’expliquer par la présence d’une relation plus complexe entre l’utilisation des RS et les comportements d’achat en ligne. Certaines variables externes aux modèles pourraient mieux expliquer le lien entre RS et comportements d’achat en ligne.
Description of a global marine particulate organic carbon-13 isotope data set
Authors: Verwega Maria-Theresia , Somes Christopher J. , Schartau Markus , Tuerena Robyn Elizabeth , Lorrain Anne , Oschlies Andreas , Slawig Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Marine particulate organic carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13CPOC) provide insights into understanding carbon cycling through the atmosphere, ocean and biosphere. They have for example been used to trace the input of anthropogenic carbon in the marine ecosystem due to the distinct isotopically light signature of anthropogenic emissions. However, δ13CPOC is also significantly altered during photosynthesis by phytoplankton, which complicates its interpretation. For such purposes, robust spatio-temporal coverage of δ13CPOC observations is essential. We collected all such available data sets and merged and homogenized them to provide the largest available marine δ13CPOC data set (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.929931; Verwega et al., 2021). The data set consists of 4732 data points covering all major ocean basins beginning in the 1960s. We describe the compiled raw data, compare different observational methods, and provide key insights in the temporal and spatial distribution that is consistent with previously observed large-scale patterns. The main different sample collection methods (bottle, intake, net, trap) are generally consistent with each other when comparing within regions. An analysis of 1990s median δ13CPOC values in a meridional section across the best-covered Atlantic Ocean shows relatively high values (≥-22 ‰) in the low latitudes (<30∘) trending towards lower values in the Arctic Ocean (∼-24 ‰) and Southern Ocean (≤-28 ‰). The temporal trend since the 1960s shows a decrease in the median δ13CPOC by more than 3 ‰ in all basins except for the Southern Ocean, which shows a weaker trend but contains relatively poor multi-decadal coverage.
Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data
Authors: Besnard Simon , Koirala Sujan , Santoro Maurizio , Weber Ulrich , Nelson Jacob , Gütter Jonas , Herault Bruno , Kassi Justin , N'Guessan Anny , Neigh Christopher , Poulter Benjamin , Zhang Tao , Carvalhais Nuno 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Forest age can determine the capacity of a forest to uptake carbon from the atmosphere. However, a lack of global diagnostics that reflect the
forest stage and associated disturbance regimes hampers the quantification of age-related differences in forest carbon dynamics. This study provides
a new global distribution of forest age circa 2010, estimated using a machine learning approach trained with more than 40 000 plots using forest
inventory, biomass and climate data. First, an evaluation against the plot-level measurements of forest age reveals that the data-driven method has
a relatively good predictive capacity of classifying old-growth vs. non-old-growth (precision = 0.81 and 0.99 for old-growth and non-old-growth,
respectively) forests and estimating corresponding forest age estimates (NSE = 0.6 – Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency – and RMSE = 50 years – root-mean-square error). However, there are systematic
biases of overestimation in young- and underestimation in old-forest stands, respectively. Globally, we find a large variability in forest age with
the old-growth forests in the tropical regions of Amazon and Congo, young forests in China, and intermediate stands in Europe. Furthermore, we find
that the regions with high rates of deforestation or forest degradation (e.g. the arc of deforestation in the Amazon) are composed mainly of
younger stands. Assessment of forest age in the climate space shows that the old forests are either in cold and dry regions or warm and wet regions,
while young–intermediate forests span a large climatic gradient. Finally, comparing the presented forest age estimates with a series of regional
products reveals differences rooted in different approaches and different in situ observations and global-scale products. Despite showing
robustness in cross-validation results, additional methodological insights on further developments should as much as possible harmonize data across
the different approaches. The forest age dataset presented here provides additional insights into the global distribution of forest age to better
understand the global dynamics in the forest water and carbon cycles. The forest age datasets are openly available at
https://doi.org/10.17871/ForestAgeBGI.2021 (Besnard et al., 2021).
Ground-based vertical profile observations of atmospheric composition on the Tibetan Plateau (2017–2019)
Authors: Xing Chengzhi , Liu Cheng , Wu Hongyu , Lin Jinan , Wang Fan , Wang Shuntian , Gao Meng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an essential role in modulating regional and
global climate, and its influence on climate is also affected by human-related processes, including changes in atmospheric composition.
However, observations of atmospheric composition, especially vertical
profile observations, remain sparse and rare on the TP, due to extremely
high altitude, topographical heterogeneity and the grinding environment.
Accordingly, the forcing and feedback of atmospheric composition from
rapidly changing surrounding regions to regional environmental and climate
change in the TP remains poorly understood. This paper introduces a high-time-resolution (∼15 min) vertical profile observational dataset of atmospheric composition (aerosols, NO2, HCHO and HONO) on the TP for more than 1 year (2017–2019) using a passive remote sensing technique. The diurnal pattern, vertical distribution and seasonal variations of these pollutants are documented here in detail. The sharing of this dataset would benefit the scientific community in exploring source–receptor relationships and the forcing and feedback of atmospheric composition on the TP to the regional and global climate. It also provides potential to improve satellite retrievals and to facilitate the development and improvement of models in cold regions. The dataset is freely available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5336460; Xing, 2021).
ENHANCING GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS: APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN INDUSTRIES
Authors: Mital Dr.Neena 
Published: October 2021

Despite maintaining high standards in product quality during the production process, continuous run of machines and vibrations may send out defects that can result in poor quality output. The continuous monitoring and detection of the causes of error are required to bring the process back to acceptable quality levels. The implementation of statistical techniques such as quality control and design of experiments are needful for the industries to make an effective control process during production. The present study has carried out a survey to elicit the opinions of the executive engineers in the industries in regard to quality cognizance for producing quality products and the use of statistical techniques for achieving the target quality. The study findings recommend to an industry perspective in statistical techniques in the course curriculum and enhance the employability skills in the students of higher educational institutions (HEI).
Evaluation of Training Course on “Integrated Management of Neonatal & Childhood Illness” (IMNCI) Using Kirkpatrick Model at Level-2
Authors: Hamid Muhammad Haroon , Afzal Muhammad Faheem , Khan Saira , Yasmeen Rahila 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMNCI), taught by a 6-day training course, is an important initiative to decrease childhood mortality. Level 2 of the Kirkpatrick model entails the assessment of the learning achieved by training activity.Objective: To assess improvement in the knowledge of IMNCI content among the participants of the 6-day IMNCI training program.Methods: After taking approval from IRB, this one-group pre-test-post-test study was carried out in the Paediatrics Medicine Department, King Edward Medical University / Mayo Hospital Lahore over 3 months. By non-probability consecutive sampling, all 77 participants of three 6-day courses (with no previous formal training of IMNCI) were included in the study. To assess any improvement in the knowledge (Kirkpatrick Model Level 2), each participant filled a pre-test and a similar post-test after the training.Data was analyzed by SPSS software. As the data was not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon test was applied to compare the overall median scores of pre-test and post-test. Kruskal-Wallis Test was applied for the comparison of the median scores of pre-test and post-test scores of each professional group. While Mann-Whitney U-test was applied for pairwise comparison of the pre-test and post-test scores between different pairs of professional groups.Results: Of the 77 participants, there were 35 doctors, 20 nurses, 20 Lady Health Visitors, and 2 midwives. The overall median score was 3 (IQR 3) of the pre-test and 8 (IQR 2) for the post-test (p-value < 0.001). Except for the midwives, there was a statistically significant improvement in the median score of each group. Item-analysis of the questions showed that compared to the pre-test, the proportion of correct answers in the post-test showed statistically significant improvement for all the 10 questions. Pairwise comparison of the median pre-test and post-test scores between different professional groups did not show statistical significance except for the doctor-nurse pair.Conclusion: IMNCI training program significantly increased the knowledge of health care providers with no statistical difference between the post-test scores of doctors, LHVs, and midwives.
KEYWORDS: IMNCI, Training program, Kirkpatrick Model, Childhood mortality, Knowledge evaluation
Socratic Method of Teaching in Medical Education
Authors: Khan Rehan Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Socrates (469-399BC) is regarded as the founder of Western philosophy. His method of teaching was based on a shared discourse between teachers and students. He would ask thought-provoking questions from his students. This would result in motivating the students to think and generate debate. This was an iterative process and would continue till the answers to the questions were found or discussion was exhausted. This method is termed as the Socratic method of teaching (Birnbache, 1999). It also involves the zone of proximal development and scaffolding as advocated by Vygotsky. Many teaching methods, based on small group teaching such as problem-based learning, case-based learning, one minute preceptor rely on the philosophy ofSocratic method.The Socratic method relies on getting the answers from the students rather than telling them the answers directly. Socrates in his sessions would pick students randomly and ask them a question. The student would either answer the question if s/he knows it or would learn it from the discussion between her/his peers andthe teachers.
Perception of patient safety among Final year MBBS students at King Edward Medical University Lahore
Authors: Ahmad Nasir , Khan Aabish Mehreen , Asghar Muhammad Awais , Nasir Nosheen 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Patient safety is a vital part of healthcare. It is vital for the medical students that the concepts of the “Do no harm” theory must be understood. Those that do not understand this ultimately perform poorly in healthcare practice. Therefore, it is very important that medical students must be tutored for the concept of good medical practice.Objective: To assess the patient safety perception among medical students in a public sector Medical College.Methods: A sample size of 179 medical students (n=179) from the final year were selected. A questionnaire tool was used to calculate the understanding of medical students. Participants' responses were recorded and computed into SPSS 19 for descriptive analysis.Results: About 55% of participants indicated a lack of knowledge regarding patient safety.25% of the medical students could not understand the type and nature of the iatrogenic error in providing good healthcare and exercising good medical practice. Also, 57% and 48 % of medical students were unable to understand that how to explain the iatrogenic error to patients, their attendants,s and their superiors respectively and 59% did not know that patient safety can be improved by targeted medical practice.Conclusion: The majority of the medical students in final year MBBS were unaware of patient safety and how to improve it. However, they showed keen interest in understanding it and applying the concept of good medical practice to ensure patient safety.
KEYWORDS: Patient safety, undergraduates, knowledge, attitude