bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
'Silymarin' a Potential Treatment Targeting Hepatic Fibrosis of Schistosomiasis
Authors: Alghanmi Maimonah , Alrafiah Aziza 
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite all treatment and control efforts, schistosomiasis still thrives in humanity. It is endemic in 78 countries that are anchored by poverty and diseases. Until now, the broad-spectrum praziquantel (PZQ) drug is the only effective treatment of choice. However, reports documented some side effects for PZQ like haemorrhage in lung tissues, resistance, and inefficacy to treat fibrotic tissues. Therefore, alternative drugs that help in reducing the undesired effects of schistosomiasis are required. This study examined the efficacy of Silymarin in interfering with the fibrogenesis process using a mouse model. Silymarin is a herbal extract known to have flavonoids and polyphenols that help in reducing the inflammatory reaction, stimulating hepatocyte regeneration, and inhibiting the fibrogenesis process.
Methods: A total of thirty adult tBALB/c male mice were divided into negative, chronically infected control and treated groups. All were killed after 18 weeks from the initial infection. Different histopathological investigations and liver function tests were carried out to detect the difference between the groups.
Results: Administration of Silymarin exhibited a significant improvement in all associated histopathology with a considerable decline in the area percentage of collagen fibers. It restored the elevated level of serum ALT as well.
Conclusion: Silymarin as a treatment for chronic hepatopathies will only be successful if started during the acute phase of the disease.
Advanced Physiotherapy of Supracondylar Femur Fracture with Implant In situ: A Case Report
Authors: Kochar Shraddha , Deshmukh Mitushi , Chitale Neha 
Published: December 2021

Patient main concerns were restriction of movements of right knee and pus discharge from wound over right knee. In this case, the main clinical findings were a substantial loss in range of motion at right knee joints. There was also fixed flexion deformity seen over right knee. Diagnosis of the case was non united operated infected case of supracondylar femur fracture right side with implant in situ. In these types of circumstances, therapeutic approaches have been demonstrated to be useful. A 35-year-old male visited the orthopaedics who referred department of physiotherapy with complaints of restriction of movement of right knee and pus discharge from wound over right knee. Patient was examine in standing and supine position .On inspection, patient keeps right hip in flexion, knee in flexion patella pointing upwards and foot in equinus. According to the research, starting weight-bearing too soon can lead to failure of implant and mal-union. Supracondylar femoral fracture is a challenging condition to deal with and is associated with many secondary complications. An important role is played by physiotherapist in rehabilitation and supracondylar femur fracture management.
Cross Sectional Study on Hyponatremia
Authors: Rashmi S. , Silamban Santhi 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Sodium is the major extracellular cation, playing important role in maintaining homeostasis. Normal level of serum sodium is between 136-145 mmol/L. Hyponatremia (<136mmol/L) can present with nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy, disorientation.Severe hyponatremia (<125mmol/L) can present with seizures, coma or death.
Methods: Our study was a cross sectional, retrospective study including 100 subjects of hyponatremia.
Results: In our study, we analyzed the age-wise distribution, severity and various causes of hyponatremia in each grade of hyponatremia based on severity.
Conclusion: Drug-induced hyponatremia is a more prevalent and a preventable cause and can be avoided by proper monitoring of patients.
The Outpatient Prescribing Pattern of Olopatadine in Al Saih
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Gabr Gamal A. , El-Sherbiny Abeer A. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to demonstrate the prescribing pattern of olopatadine eye drops in Al Saih.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study includes evaluating outpatient prescribing of olopatadine eye drops from 1st of January 2018 to 30th of June 2018 in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Results: More than half of the patients who used olopatadine eye drops were females (56.00%). The age of 28.00% of them was between 50 and 59 and the age of 26.67% of them was between 40 to 49 years. More than half of the patients received olopatadine eye drops for 1 month (54.67%). Most of the prescriptions were written by ophthalmology department (96.00%).
Conclusion: Olopatadine eye drops prescribing was infrequent in Al Saih due to the availability of other alternatives. Further studies are needed to investigate the prescribing of olopatadine eye drops and its alternatives by the outpatient settings.
Sigma A‐bound iron–sulfur protein WhiB1 in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang LiMei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

WhiB1 belongs to the WhiB‐like family that is widely distributed in the phylum of Actinobacteria. It is a monomeric transcription factor that contains a [4Fe–4S] cluster in the holo‐form. In mycobacteria, the holo‐WhiB1 interacts with the domain 4 of the σ
70
‐family primary sigma factor (σ
A
4
) in the RNA polymerase holoenzyme and plays an essential role in active cell growth. Domain 4 of the σ
70
‐family primary sigma factors recognizes the −35 hexamer of promoter DNA and is commonly utilized by transcription factors for gene activation. However, the crystal structure of the WhiB1:σ
A
4
complex reveals unexpectedly that WhiB1 binds to σ
A
4
using a hydrophobic interface that differs markedly from previously characterized σ
A
4
‐bound bacterial transcription activators. Moreover, holo‐WhiB1 represses transcription by interaction with σ
A
4
in vitro
and WhiB1's essential role in supporting mycobacterial growth requires its interaction with σ
A
in vivo
. Together, these results demonstrate that holo‐WhiB1 regulates gene expression by a noncanonical mechanism relative to well‐characterized σ
A
4
‐dependent transcription activators.
Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Properties of LiAlH4 by Excellent Catalytic Activity of XTiO3@h‐BN (X = Co, Ni)
Authors: Wei Sheng , Liu Jiaxi , Xia Yongpeng , Zhang Huanzhi , Cheng Riguang , Sun Lixian , Xu Fen , Bu Yiting , Liu Zhaoyu , Huang Pengru , Zhang Kexiang , Rosei Federico , Pimerzin Aleskey A. , Seifert Hans Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe high desorption temperature and slow kinetics still restrict the applications of LiAlH4 in hydrogen storage. To solve the above problems, NiTiO3@h‐BN and CoTiO3@h‐BN prepared for the first time are introduced into LiAlH4 by ball milling. LiAlH4 doped with 7 wt% NiTiO3@h‐BN, selected as an optimal doping sample, starts to release hydrogen at 68.1 °C, and the total amount of hydrogen released is 7.11 wt% below 300 °C. The activation energies (Ea) of the two‐step hydrogen release reactions are 55.93 and 59.25 kJ∙mol−1, which are 45.8% and 69.0% lower than those of as‐received LiAlH4, respectively. Under 30 bar hydrogen pressure and 300 °C constant temperature, LiAlH4 doped with 7 wt% NiTiO3@h‐BN after dehydrogenation can absorb ≈1.05 wt% hydrogen. Based on density functional theory calculations, AlNi3 and NiTi, in situ formed nanoparticles during ball milling, can decrease the desorption energy barrier of AlH bonding in LiAlH4 and accelerate the breakdown of AlH bonding due to the interfacial charge transfer and the dehybridization. Furthermore, NiTi can enhance the adsorption and splitting of H2, promoting the activation of H2 molecules during the rehydrogenation process.
Highly Efficient TADF‐Type Organic Afterglow of Long Emission Wavelengths
Authors: Pan Yingtong , Li Jiuyang , Wang Xuepu , Sun Yan , Li Junbo , Wang Biaobing , Zhang Kaka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to the energy gap law, the direct fabrication of efficient organic afterglow materials with long emission wavelengths at ambient conditions remains challenging. Here, luminescent dopants with moderate kRISC values of 100–101 s−1 are designed to harvest triplet energies, simultaneously improving afterglow efficiency and maintaining emission lifetimes >0.1 s. Organic matrices with large dipole moments are selected to populate the triplet excited states of the luminescent dopants and suppress their nonradiative decay and quenching. The dopant‐matrix systems exhibit TADF‐type organic afterglow with quantum efficiency of 20% to 60% and emission wavelengths exceeding 600 nm. Because of their singlet excited state nature, the TADF‐type afterglow emitters can efficiently transfer excited energy to rhodamine B or cyanine 5.5 fluorescence dyes for the construction of red and near‐infrared afterglow materials which display promising bioimaging applications.
Achieving High Efficiency and Pure Blue Color in Hyperfluorescence Organic Light Emitting Diodes using Organo‐Boron Based Emitters
Authors: Naveen Kenkera Rayappa , Lee Hyuna , Braveenth Ramanaskanda , Karthik Durai , Yang Ki Joon , Hwang Soon Jae , Kwon Jang Hyuk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the field of organic light‐emitting diodes, organo‐boron based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have witnessed outstanding achievements. However, it is still challenging to achieve pure blue color (CIE y < 0.20) along with high efficiencies. To overcome these hurdles, the hyperfluorescence (HF) system suggests a key strategy for future display applications. Here, two TADF host materials, pMDBA‐DI and mMDBA‐DI, and a pure blue multi‐resonance type tert‐butyl substituted TADF fluorescence emitter t‐Bu‐ν‐DABNA are reported, for efficient HF devices. Among the synthesized TADF sensitized host materials, the mMDBA‐DI HF device exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 39.1% along with narrow emission with full width at half maximum of 19 nm (CIE y = 0.15). The high device efficiency is mainly attributed to the high molecular orientation factor, enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield, and a good TADF characteristic of t‐Bu‐ν‐DABNA with efficient Förster energy transfer.
Intrinsically Ionic, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials for Efficient, Bright, and Stable Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Yu Renyou , Song Yongjun , Zhang Ke , Pang Xianchun , Tian Mingxing , He Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolid‐state light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) using sustainable and eco‐friendly materials and affording high brightness, efficiency, and stability are highly desired. Here, intrinsically ionic, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials 1–3 for efficient, bright, and stable LECs are reported. 1–3 feature carbazole‐type donors and cationic triazine‐type acceptors, which are located ortho to each other on the phenyl linkers. Through‐space charge‐transfer (CT) dominates the CT transitions in 1–3. In doped and neat films, 1–3 show blue and green TADF emission, respectively, with reverse intersystem crossing rates at around 7.0 × 105 s−1. 1–3 possess excellent electrochemical stability (except for the oxidation of 1) and film‐forming abilities. LECs using neat films of 1–3 as the single active layers afford green electroluminescence with peak brightness/peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 572 cd m−2/6.8% under 4.0 V and peak brightness/peak EQE/half‐lifetime of up to 860 cd m−2/5.4%/48 h under 50 A m−2. A longer half‐lifetime of 218 h has further been achieved at 162 cd m−2 under 10 A m−2. The work reveals the bright prospect for the development of efficient, bright, and stable LECs with intrinsically‐ionic TADF materials.
Wafer‐Scale InN/In2S3 Core–Shell Nanorod Array for Ultrafast Self‐Powered Photodetection
Authors: Cao Ben , Liu Qianhu , Zheng Yulin , Tang Xin , Chai Jixing , Ma Shufang , Wang Wenliang , Li Guoqiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelf‐powered photodetectors have paved the way for electronic applications in fields such as civilian communication, infrared mapping, and industrial automatic control. However, most self‐powered photodetectors have faced photoresponse‐speed and device‐scale bottlenecks. Herein, a novel, self‐powered detector with an ultrafast response speed based on a core–shell InN/In2S3 nanorod array is proposed. A wafer‐scale InN/In2S3 nanorod array with good homogeneity is synthesized on Si substrates via a simple two‐step method involving molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition. The photodetector device exhibits excellent self‐powered properties and a high current on/off ratio of 5 × 103. Further analyses determined that the device have an excellent photovoltaic responsivity and detectivity of 140 mA·W−1 and 4.0 × 1010 Jones, respectively (0 V). Impressively, the device exhibits an ultrafast photoresponse with a rise/fall time of 22/32 µs. The self‐powered InN/In2S3 photodetector with an ultrafast response speed shows superior potential for electronic applications. The core–shell nanostructure hybrid heterojunction introduces a novel idea for wafer‐scale nano‐photodetectors.
Interfacial and Ionic Modulation of Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Electrolyte Via Localized Iodization to Enable Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Sheng Ouwei , Hu Hualiang , Liu Tiefeng , Ju Zhijin , Lu Gongxun , Liu Yujing , Nai Jianwei , Wang Yao , Zhang Wenkui , Tao Xinyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) make contact with highly reductive lithium (Li) metal anodes, forming the interphase that largely determines the battery performance. In this work, trace iodine doping in a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolyte to achieve a stable interphase on Li metal surface for long battery cycling, is proposed. The triiodide ion (I3−) stemming from iodine additives can coordinate with the COC bond of PEO to enable the increased ionic conductivity of the SPE. The I‐doped interphase contains I3− and IO3−, which spontaneously react with the dead Li and Li2O at the initial interphase to smooth the Li metal surface, eventually leading to significant improvements in interfacial resistance and dendrite suppression. When matching with the LiFePO4 cathode, the full cell exhibits higher capacity (150 mAh g−1) and excellent cycling stability after 300 cycles (capacity retention of 96.5%) at 0.5 C and 50 °C. This work opens up a promising avenue for using halogen to design solid‐state Li metal batteries.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Remote Scavenging Effect at the InP/Al2O3 Interface Induced by Titanium Layer
Authors: Feng Ze , Sun Yong , Sun Yuandong , Chen Xiao , Shen Yang , Huang Rong , Li Zhiyun , Wang Hu , Ding Ding , Peng Yue , Wang Yitong , Jing Meiyi , Lu Feng , Wang Weihua , Cheng Yahui , Cui Yi , Dingsun An , Han Genquan , Liu Hui , Dong Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLow interface oxide concentration is desired for III‐V semiconductor/high k dielectrics stacks to get high‐performance devices. The remote scavenging effect is observed upon Ti metal deposition on the InP/Al2O3 system, characterized by in situ angle resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, as well as ex situ cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. The mechanism is investigated by O18 tracing. Two mechanisms are proposed for this remote scavenging effect. The impact of this remote scavenging effect is studied by metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabrication and characterization. This work sheds light on InP‐based MOS devices.
Photo‐Adjustable TiO2‐Paper as a Smart Substrate for Paper‐Based Analytical Devices
Authors: He Zhenzhu , Li Sen , Zeng Yi , Zhang Junning , Li Qiwei , Gao Bingbing , Du Xin , Gu Zhongze 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic paper‐based analytical devices (μPADs) are commonly used in point‐of‐care testing (POCT) due to their advantages of low cost and easy operation. However, the fabrication and potential environmental pollution of μPADs are the universal and pendent concerns. In this respect, a simple and novel method is developed for preparing photo‐adjustable μPADs using the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. A superhydrophobic TiO2‐paper substrate with unique photoactivity is fabricated. The flow channels on the superhydrophobic TiO2‐paper substrate can be quickly generated and on‐demand edited by a simple UV irradiation process, to fabricate various 2D and 3D μPADs for specific applications. After usage, the residual organics and biological specimens on μPADs can be easily bleached via TiO2‐assited degradation under UV or sunlight, avoiding the risk of potential environment pollution and disease transmission. The successful application of such novel substrate in the fabrication of smart and safe μPADs for sweat analysis and motion monitoring is shown.
Directional Sweat Transport and Breathable Sandwiched Electrodes for Electrocardiogram Monitoring System
Authors: Huang Haizhou , Wu Nan , Liu Hui , Dong Yide , Han Longxiang , Wan Shu , Dou Guangbin , Sun Litao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDevice–body interface is significant for acquiring high quality bio‐signals, preventing skin‐irritation, and minimizing the motion artifacts. However, low breathability of the typical substrate used in a flexible electronic device usually deteriorates the stability of device–body interface, which is imperative for long‐term application but commonly disregarded. In paper, a directional sweat transport and breathable electrode with three‐layer sandwiched structure is reported. The top hydrophilic hydrolyzed‐polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) layer and middle hydrophobic thermoplastic‐polyurethane (TPU) layer form Janus structure; and the bottom layer is an electrode layer of Ag nanowires (AgNWs). This dedicatedly designed electrode can transport sweat from skin to the top HPAN layer, while keeping low noise electrocardiogram (ECG) signal detection. In the trial of ECG monitoring, the results show that the electrode can achieve reliable recording with high signal noise rate (SNR) both in calm state (10.5 dB) and sweaty state (10.1 dB) with sweat tolerance. No allergy or obvious SNR degeneration is observed when utilizing the electrode owing to the effective sweat transport away from the device–body interface rather than accumulation. Finally, the application of the anti‐sweat accumulating electrode in wearable electronics is demonstrated.
Band Structure Engineering of WSe2 Homo‐Junction Interfaces via Thickness Control
Authors: Shin June‐Chul , Kim Yeon Ho , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Lee Chul‐Ho , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), one of the 2D semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten diselenide (WSe2), exhibit novel physical and electronic properties that are useful for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Recently, the van der Waals heterostructures consisting of different 2D materials have been studied actively as various combinations of 2D materials can be fabricated with exceptional performance and physical properties. Nevertheless, study on homo‐junction of the same TMDs layers is lacking. Here, it is demonstrated that a vertical homo‐junction consisting of two WSe2 flakes with different thicknesses shows anti‐ambipolar transport behavior due to a thickness‐induced band offset at the interface. Photo‐response current is generated by tunneling‐mediated interlayer recombination at the WSe2 homo‐junction. The band structures of homo‐junctions of TMDs can be engineered by the thickness, which would be beneficial for understanding transport at the interfaces of 2D materials and developing the next generation devices.
Fluid Microchannel Encapsulation to Improve the Stretchability of Flexible Electronics
Authors: Jin Peng , Wang Peng , Pang Wenbo , Wang Hanchen , Jiao Yang , Zhang Jinsong , Lu Bingwei , Liu Bin , Chen Ying , Ma Yinji , Feng Xue 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, stretchable inorganic electronic devices are rapidly developed, comprising emerging design strategies and fabrication techniques for assembling high‐performance electronic components in slight, soft, and flexible forms, with broad medical and industrial applications. Although reliable encapsulation plays an indispensable role in offering physical and chemical protection for flexible devices, there are relatively few studies on flexible encapsulation, and conventional encapsulation methods still suffer from low stretchability. Herein, a generic fluid microchannel encapsulation method is proposed, in which the device interconnects are wrapped by ultraminiaturized fluid microchannels, enabling free bucking during deformation to tremendously improve the device stretchability. Experimental analysis and finite element analysis demonstrate the substantial stretchability enhancement for the proposed method in contrast to the conventional method, which can increase by ≈100% for general 2D serpentine interconnects and ≈360% for fractal 2D serpentine interconnects. Additionally, a highly stretchable LED device serves as an example to demonstrate the utility of the proposed method for maintaining such an enormous stretchability improvement at the device level.
Single‐Process 3D‐Printed Triaxial Accelerometer
Authors: Arh Matic , Slavič Janko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor thermoplastic material extrusion 3D‐printing functional filaments with electrically conductive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive or magnetic properties are developed. The functional filaments result in piezoresisitve static/quasi‐static sensors; however, these 3D‐printed sensors are manufactured in several processes, for example, the creation of highly conductive paths using embedded copper wires or by silver inking. The multi‐process 3D printing of sensors presents an obstacle to smart functional 3D‐printed structures where the sensory element is in situ printed at the location and orientation of use, including the electrical paths. This research introduces a three axial piezoresistive accelerometer where the whole sensor, including highly conductive electrical paths, is printed in the same process of thermoplastic material extrusion. The structural components of the sensor are printed with a non‐conductive polylactide material, the sensory element with a conductive material that has a relatively high resistivity, and the electrical paths with a conductive material that has a relatively low resistivity. As discussed in the manuscript with single‐process sensors, the functional tuning of sensors is as easy as changing the design. The design and manufacturing solutions researched for the triaxial accelerometer can be applied to other 3D‐printed sensors, for example, force sensors and opens up the possibility of a single‐process 3D‐printed smart structure.
Patient‐Derived Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Organoids as a Platform for Drug Screening
Authors: Li Zhichao , Xu Haibo , Gong Yanqing , Chen Wei , Zhan Yonghao , Yu Lei , Sun Yangyang , Li Aolin , He Shiming , Guan Bao , Wu Yucai , Xiong Gengyan , Fang Dong , He Yuhui , Tang Qi , Yao Lin , Hu Zheng , Mei Hongbing , He Zhisong , Cai Zhiming , Guo Yinglu , Li Xuesong , Zhou Liqun , Huang Weiren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUpper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) are rare entities that are usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Research on UTUC pathobiology and clinical management has been hampered by the lack of models accurately reflecting disease nature and diversity. In this study, a modified organoid culture system is used to generate a library of 25 patient‐derived UTUC organoid lines retaining the histological architectures, marker gene expressions, genomic landscapes, and gene expression profiles of their parental tumors. The study demonstrates that the responses of UTUC organoids to anticancer drugs can be identified and the model supports the exploration of novel treatment strategies. This work proposes a modified protocol for generating patient‐derived UTUC organoid lines that may help elucidate UTUC pathophysiology and assess the responses of these diseases to various drug therapies in personalized medicine.