bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of shielding effectiveness and mechanical properties of metal matrix composite AL6061 reinforced with Al2O3 and fly ash for oblique incidence of EM wave
Authors: Budumuru Srinu , Mosa Satya Anuradha 
Published: June 2021

PurposeFiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) contain critical electrical conductivity for high-intensity radiated fields such as lightning strike susceptibility, electromagnetic energy from radar, airborne radio frequency transmitter. To provide high-intensity radiated field protection (HIRFP) for the electric and electronic aircraft system and defied the EMI effect on it, metal matrix composite was conquered. To provide the dynamic ever-increasing requirement of industries, it is necessary that Al6061 metal matrix composite assisted with AL2O3 and fly ash is used to construct the aircraft to provide HIRFP. The thickness of the material can be maintained as low as possible to use it as a coating material for the aircraft surface. X-band for oblique incidence is used to measure electromagnetic and mechanical safeguarding properties of composites.Design/methodology/approachDay by day, the applications of aerospace are becoming digital and automated. Proper shielding techniques are required to operate digital electronic devices without electromagnetic interference. It leads to a rapid rise in temperature, thermal ablation, delamination, and adverse effects on the electric and electronic aircraft system. Fly ash, a metal matrix material composite AL6061 with different percentages of reinforcement of Al2O3, was contemplated and experimented with for mechanical properties like tensile strength, density and hardness.FindingsThe obtained results compared with adjusted values and an improvement of 0.19, 0.18, 0.14 g/cm3 for density of MMC-1, MMC-2, MMC-3.31, 11 MPa for tensile strength of MMC-1, MMC-2. 24, 27, 23 BHN for hardness of MMC-1, MMC-2, MMC-3. With regard to the shielding effectiveness the results compared with adjusted values and obtained 11.36, 14.56, 19.47 dB better value than it. According to the above results, fabricated MMC’s provide superior results for a defined application like HIRFP(Surface material of aircraft).Practical implicationsIt can be used to protect electronic devices under a high-intensity radiated field, mainly in aircraft design to protect from lightning effect.Originality/valueFor a better approximation of the signal toward the practical case, the oblique incidence was considered with a different combination of Al2O3 and fly ash, reinforced to pure AL6061 to get better shielding and mechanical properties.
Psychological impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on Vietnamese community
Authors: Gan Christopher , Anh Dao Le Trang , Nguyen Quang Thi Thieu 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study investigates the psychological impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on Vietnamese people and examines the factors affecting their psychological well-being during and after the lockdown period.Design/methodology/approachBased on the survey answers of 701 Vietnamese respondents, this study explores the psychological impact associated with COVID-19 lockdown in Vietnam. Using a newly developed “mvord” package in R that controls the heterogeneity in error structure of the sample units (Hirk et al., 2020), the study runs multivariate ordinal logistic regression models to examine the determinants of the emotional outcomes.FindingsThe study discloses negative psychological states among the Vietnamese community during and after the lockdown, including boredom, anxiety, sadness, stress, anger, precautionary measures and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Demographic characteristics (male gender, young age, poor-health condition, high educational level, small family size, officers or professionals, using public transport, quarantine experience before the lockdown, non-extended lockdown period and living in rural areas) and various difficulties during lockdown (insufficient information about COVID-19, income loss, having daily-life difficulties and unhappy experiences during lockdown) are related to higher degrees of different psychological symptoms during and after lockdown in Vietnam.Originality/valueThis study identifies the importance of mitigating the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on Vietnamese well-being and prepares the Vietnamese government better to handle the public mental issues during future lockdowns.
Understanding the link between IS capabilities and cost performance in services: the mediating role of supplier integration
Authors: Teng Teng , Tsinopoulos Christos 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the link between information systems (IS) capabilities, supplier integration and cost performance in the service context. Specifically, it empirically investigates how supplier integration meditates the relationship between three dimensions of IS capabilities and cost performance in service firms.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 156 UK service firms was conducted and the data analyzed to determine the role of supplier integration in mediating the effects of IS capabilities on firms' cost performance. The research model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the neural network model was used to rank the relative influence of significant predictors obtained from SEM.FindingsThe results confirmed that supplier integration fully mediates the effects of information technology (IT) for supply chain activities and flexible IT infrastructure on cost performance and partially mediates the effect of operations manager's IT knowledge on cost performance. The results showed that operations manager's IT knowledge is the strongest predictor of supplier integration.Originality/valueThis study takes a step toward quelling concerns about the business value of IS, contributing to the development and validation of the measurement of IS capabilities in the service operations context. Additionally, it adds to the emerging body of literature linking supplier integration to the operational performance of service firms.
Revisiting the patient–physician relationship under the lens of value co-creation and defensive medicine
Authors: Riotta Sergio , Bruccoleri Manfredi 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study formulates a new archetypical model that describes and re-interprets the patient–physician relationship from the perspective of two widespread phenomena in the healthcare delivery process: value co-creation (VCC) and defensive medicine (DM).Design/methodology/approachGrounded in the existing literature on VCC and DM, the authors designed and conducted 20 in-depth interviews with doctors (and patients) about their past relationships with patients (and doctors). After putting the recorded interviews through qualitative analysis with a three-level coding activity, the authors built an empirically informed model to classify patient–physician relationships.FindingsThe authors identified four archetypes of patient–physician relationships. Each archetype is described along with its representing characteristics and explained in terms of its consequences as they relate to VCC and DM.Research limitations/implicationsThis research contributes to the literature on both VCC in healthcare and DM, in addition to the patient–physician's relationship literature.Practical implicationsBeing aware of patient–physician relationship mechanics, building long-term relations with patients and investing in service personalization and patient-centred care can effectively mitigate the risks of DM behaviours on one side while increasing the likelihood of VCC actualization on the other.Originality/valueAlthough strictly linked to the interactions between patients and doctors, VCC and DM are typically considered disentangled. In this research paper, the authors identified four archetypes of patient–physician relationships in relation to these two phenomena.
Hubert Joly: The new capitalism formula – purpose first, people at the center, then profits
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
An interview with Hubert Joly, former CEO of Best Buy. His new book is the articulation of key leadership principles for the next era of capitalism, and how to put them into practice, in both the best and hardest of times.

Design/methodology/approach
Joly believes “Work is a quest for meaning. Maximizing profit does not answer that quest.” His “purpose first” approach enabled the acclaimed turnaround of the company during his 2012-to-2019 tenure

Findings
Best Buy’s purpose was ‘to enrich our customers’ lives through technology.

Practical implications
According to Joly, “When we ask Best Buy employees what drives them, no one ever says ‘shareholder value.’”

Originality/value
Joly is a CEO who believes in and practices the approach that it is critical for leaders to understand what drives the individuals around them–and how it connects to the purpose of the organization. He believes business is fundamentally about purpose, people and human relationships. When common purpose aligns with individual searches for meaning, it can unleash a kind of human magic that results in outstanding performance.
Performance evaluation of newly designed nozzle on abrasive jet machining characteristics of laminated composites
Authors: Balasubramanian M. , Madhu S. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to machine the composites at lower machining time with higher accuracy without causing delamination.Design/methodology/approachAbrasive jet machining is the technology appropriate for machining composite materials to obtain good dimensional accuracy without causing de-lamination. The central composite design was followed in deciding the number of experiments to be carried out.FindingsThe influence of abrasive jet machining process parameters on machining time, material removal rate (MRR) and kerf characteristics were investigated. The experimental results proved the newly designed internal threaded nozzle increased MRR, thereby reducing the machining time.Originality/valueMachining of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) is one of the challenging tasks given its non-linear and in-homogeneous properties. In this investigation, newly developed threaded and unthreaded nozzles in machining were used for making holes on the GFRP composites.
Impact of non-oil sectors on GDP/capita in selected African countries: evidence from panel analysis
Authors: Adeosun Oluyemi Theophilus , Gbadamosi Isaac Idris 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact or contribution of non-oil sectors on economic growth (GDP/capita) of some selected African countries using panel data analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focused on secondary data for the period 1991–2019 for macro parameters, including agriculture, industry, export and service, and GDP/capita received from World Development Indicators (WDI). Panel unit root tests like Levin, Lin and Chu test and Im, Pesaran and Shin test, Johansen co-integration test, Granger causality test and an error correction model were also applied to the data for analysis.FindingsThe study reveals no causality from agriculture to economic growth, which implies most of the African countries (used in this study) have neglected agriculture as a source of economic growth. The industry independent variable was of no effect on these countries’ economic growth, whereas the findings reveal that industry has causality on economic growth. Economic growth has no causality on the industry, which means the industry is not contributing to economic growth. The study also shows no causality from export and service to economic growth, but a causality runs from economic growth to export and service.Originality/valueThe paper examines the contribution of the non-oil sectors to economic growth in selected African countries.
Ecological variation drives morphological differentiation in a highly social vertebrate
Authors: Freudiger Annika , Josi Dario , Thünken Timo , Herder Fabian , Flury Jana M. , Marques David A. , Taborsky Michael , Frommen Joachim G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnimals may respond to ecological heterogeneity by genetic differentiation or phenotypic plasticity. Responses of organisms to their ecology can include adaptation at various levels of organization, including morphology, behaviour and social structure. Adaptations at one level might constrain or enhance adaptations on other levels, which highlights the importance of understanding their interactions.In highly social animals, understanding the influence of their ecological niche on the evolution and maintenance of complex social organization poses an intriguing challenge. Predation risk and habitat characteristics determine social structure in the cooperatively breeding cichlidNeolamprologus pulcher. Here we examine how varying combinations of these ecological factors across eight distinct populations influence morphological differentiation.We investigated the relationship between body shape and ecological parameters for 137 wild‐caught individuals from eight distinct populations. Furthermore, we examined the genetic structure and differentiation among these populations using microsatellites. Finally, to disentangle heritable from plastic responses, we raised two successive generations from six populations in the laboratory under common garden conditions and screened 188 individuals for morphological differentiation.We found that body shape ofN. pulcherstrongly correlates with the measured ecological parameters. Low predation risk, low habitat structure and small shelter size favoured shallow bodies, whereas at the opposite end of these environmental gradients deep body shapes prevail. These consistent morphological differences persisted over two laboratory‐reared generations, revealing a heritable basis. In contrast to the significant effect of local ecology on morphological differentiation between populations, both geographical and genetic distance had little explanatory power, suggesting that morphological differentiation between populations is not a simple by‐product of genetic isolation. Remarkably, the largest difference in body depth emerged between the two populations located closest to each other, but differing strongly in their ecological niche.These results highlight that morphological variation is a key component of local adaptation in neighbouring populations of a highly social species. Such morphological differentiation has the potential to influence individual cooperative behaviour, which will eventually feed back on group structure and mediate the evolution and maintenance of complex social systems.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Increased sediment deposition triggered by climate change impacts freshwater pearl mussel habitats and metapopulations
Authors: Baldan Damiano , Kiesel Jens , Hauer Christoph , Jähnig Sonja C. , Hein Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is a benthic organism sensitive to hydrological regime alterations and habitat degradation driven by excessive fine bed material deposit (FBMD). Both issues are potentially exacerbated by climate change. Understanding how climate change affects future mussel habitats and the dispersal among them (dependent on the brown trout as fish host) can support the planning of effective conservation actions.

To project the impacts of climate change on the mussel, a semi‐mechanistic modelling cascade was implemented for the Aist catchment in Austria (630 km2), including a hydrological model, a hydraulic model, Random Forest Models for FBMD accumulation risk and Species Distribution Models. Two climate change models (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) for two future horizons (2060 and 2090) were considered. A graph‐based assessment of the structural connectivity was used to measure the probability of successful dispersal.

Results show a reduction of peak discharge that cascades into a widespread reduction in shear stresses during high flow. The mussel's habitats, defined by hydraulics (i.e. patches with low shear stresses during high flow), are predicted to be stable over the simulated scenarios.

The pressure of FBMDs over the delineated habitat patches is predicted to increase in the future due to the reduced stream transport capacity, reducing up to 25% of the available patches in 2090 for RCP 8.5. Consequently, the mussel's dispersal probability decreases to 44.3%–75.6% of the maximum theoretical value, with the highest drops for short dispersal distances, impacting metapopulation dynamics.

Synthesis and applications. The widespread issue of fine sediment deposition in the streambed will be exacerbated for those catchments where climate change reduces the stream transport capacity. The impacts on the freshwater pearl mussel include habitat loss due to the formation of a new unsuitable substrate, and a decrease in the potential dispersal among the residual habitats. Thus, conservation plans that aim to protect the mussel in the future should focus on the mitigation of fine bed material deposits, prioritizing those subreaches that offer the highest potential for preserving connectivity among suitable habitats.
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome in women: Analysis of magnetic resonance, sagittal alignment, muscular strength and endurance of the hip and trunk
Authors: Miyasaki Maurício Rodrigues , Marcioli Marieli Araujo Rossoni , Cunha Amanda Paula Ricardo Rodrigues da , Polesello Giancarlo Cavalli , Marini Marcelo Garcia , Fernandes Karen Barros Parron , Macedo Christiane de Souza Guerino 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere are many studies on the Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS), however its relationship with radiographic and biomechanics parameters is not established.ObjectiveTo compare the magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the hip, radiographic parameters of sagittal alignment (pelvic incidence, sacral slope and lumbar lordosis), muscular strength and endurance in women with and without GTPS.MethodsForty women, age over 45, IMC <30 Kg/m2 and sedentary, were recruited and distributed in two groups: GTPS group (GTPSG, n = 20) and Control group (CG, n = 20). All participants underwent MRI scans and X‐ray for sagittal alignment analysis in the hip and performed tests for muscular strength and endurance of the hip and trunk.ResultsNo differences were found between the GTPSG and CG for the frequency of tendinopathy (P = .30), peritendinitis (P = .10), bursitis (P = .68) and enthesitis (P = .15), however the gluteus medius tendon tear was more prevalent in GTPSG (P = .05). There were no differences in radiographic parameters for pelvic incidence (P > .05), sacral slope (P > .05) and lumbar lordosis (P > .05). The GTPSG showed lower strength of all hip muscle groups (abductors, adductors, flexors, extensors and rotators; P < .01 for all), as well as lower endurance in the Supine Bridge test and Prone bridge test (P < .01).ConclusionThe results of the MRI and radiographic parameters did not differentiate women with and without GTPS. However, the evaluation of muscle strength and endurance can establish the difference between groups.
Letter: Confounders and outcomes in studies of beta‐blockers in liver disease—role of PPIs? Authors' reply
Authors: Sasso Roula , Rockey Don C. 
Published: June 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Sasso et al and Kilincalp & Papachrysos papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16156 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16306
Editorial: type D personality and its relationship with depression and disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Knowles Simon R. , Mikocka‐Walus Antonina 
Published: June 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Jordi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16365 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16398
LDH‐A negatively regulates dMMR in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Li Juan , Wang Bo , Chen Ting , Chen Yun , Ma Wen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved unprecedented success in dMMR tumors, pMMR tumors accounting for 85% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases remain unresponsive. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH‐A) is the rate‐limiting enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of pyruvate to lactate in the process of glycolysis. We investigated the relationship between LDH‐A and dMMR with the purpose of exploring the treatment strategy for pMMR CRC patients. We here show that LDH‐A can promote the proliferation of dMMR and pMMR CRC cells by positively regulating MMR proteins both in vitro and in vivo. LDH‐A inhibition can improve the efficacy of PD‐1 blockade in a pMMR CRC xenograft model. A statistical analysis of 186 CRC specimens showed a significant correlation between LDH‐A and dMMR status. Moreover, patients with both low LDH‐A expression and dMMR exhibited better disease‐free survival compared with patients with other combinations. The close correlation of LDH‐A and dMMR may offer a promising therapeutic strategy in which the combination of LDH‐A inhibitor and ICIs may improve the clinical benefit for pMMR CRC patients.
Widening health inequalities related to type 1 diabetes care in children and young people in the UK: A time to act now
Authors: Ng Sze May , Evans Mark L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this recent 2019–2020 audit, 96% (168/173) of paediatric diabetes teams submitted data and included a total of 29,242 children and young people (CYP) up to the age of 24 years, and type 1 diabetes consisted of 27,653 CYP. One of the key findings was that CYP with type 1 diabetes from minority ethnic communities have higher HbA1 compared to white ethnicity and that significantly lower use of insulin pumps or real‐time continuous glucose monitoring systems was used among black children. There has been an increasing trend of widening health inequalities reported the past 6 years. As chairs of Diabetes UK Diabetes Research Study Groups, the authors urge that research into barriers of access to technology for T1D in CYP in the UK specifically looking at provider bias, systemic issues within the health system, and individual and family factors are conducted with urgency.
Extending the integrate‐and‐fire model to account for metabolic dependencies
Authors: Jaras Ismael , Harada Taiki , Orchard Marcos E. , Maldonado Pedro E. , Vergara Rodrigo C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the brain, like any other physical system, is subjected to physical constraints that restrict its operation. The brain's metabolic demands are particularly critical for proper neuronal function, but the impact of these constraints continues to remain poorly understood. Detailed single‐neuron models are recently integrating metabolic constraints, but these models’ computational resources make it challenging to explore the dynamics of extended neural networks, which are governed by such constraints. Thus, there is a need for a simplified neuron model that incorporates metabolic activity and allows us to explore the dynamics of neural networks. This work introduces an energy‐dependent leaky integrate‐and‐fire (EDLIF) neuronal model extension to account for the effects of metabolic constraints on the single‐neuron behavior. This simple, energy‐dependent model could describe the relationship between the average firing rate and the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cost as well as replicate a neuron's behavior under a clinical setting such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Additionally, EDLIF model showed better performance in predicting real spike trains – in the sense of spike coincidence measure – than the classical leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) model. The simplicity of the energy‐dependent model presented here makes it computationally efficient and, thus, suitable for studying the dynamics of large neural networks.