bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review: non-antibacterial, non-antifungal and non-anticancer properties of nanoparticles the forgotten paradigm
Authors: Ankamwar (NanoBA) Balaprasad , Yadwade Rachana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The review highlights the need of non-antibacterial, non-antifungal and non-anticancer characters of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. The usage of nanoparticles as a part of therapeutic measures results in certain unfavourable effects. The nanoparticles can disturb healthy gut microorganisms that may bring about some health damages regarding pathogenic diseases, obesity, and inflammation likewise. Even the nonspecific interactions of nanoparticles with healthy cells and tissues can cause altered expressions of various pro-inflammatory factors and stress related genes. This review indicates and prospect about the demand of nanoparticles with non-antibacterial, non-antifungal and non-anticancer properties. Such nanoparticles will be effective in various remedial and diagnostic purposes.
The Long-Term Impact of Adversity in Adolescence on Health in Middle and Older Adulthood: A Natural Experiment From the Chinese Send-Down Movement
Authors: Ye Xin , Zhu Dawei , He Ping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 1950s–1970s Chinese send-down movement can be treated as a natural experiment to study the impact of adolescent exposure on subsequent health. This paper used data from the China Family Panel Studies 2010 to evaluate the long-term impact of the Chinese send-down movement on individual health later in life. Drawing from the life-course perspective, results from difference-in-differences models suggested that the send-down experience had a significant impact on worse self-rated health; the pathways from structural equation models showed that subsequent achievements—age of marriage and educational attainment—had mediating effects linking the send-down experience to worse self-rated health and better mental health, respectively. Taken together, our results highlight the roles of the send-down experience and post–send-down characteristics in shaping health outcomes later in life.
Straight to the point: Experiential punctivism and the perception of time
Authors: Pollock Henry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show that the A-theorist's argument from experience is undermined by a commitment to ‘experiential punctivism' - the view that instantaneous (or near-instantaneous) experiences are metaphysically prior to durative ones. The experiences to which the A-theorist's argument appeals are those of processual events. For these experiences to constitute perceptions of temporal passage it would be necessary to perceive such processes qua processes; but, if experiential punctivism were true, this would be impossible. We could only ever perceive those processes qua temporal variation, which merely amounts to an awareness of change as described by the B-theory. If there is such a phenomenon as the passing of time, it could not be an object of our experience.
Habituation or sensitization? Long-term responses of yellow-bellied marmots to human disturbance
Authors: Uchida Kenta , Blumstein Daniel T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Continuous exposure to humans causes wildlife to either habituate or sensitize. Although increased tolerance may play an important role in coexistence with humans, the mechanisms and fitness outcomes of long-term changes of tolerance are not fully understood because only a few studies have assessed individual- and population-level responses over many years. We developed a novel predictive framework to study habituation and sensitization to humans and applied it to yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) in areas of high and low human disturbance. We focused on two antipredator behaviors—time allocation to vigilance during foraging to quantify baseline vigilance levels and flight initiation distance (FID)—to quantify subsequent responsiveness to threat. We used the rate of body mass gain during the active season as a fitness outcome. Assessing 15 years’ population and individual-level responses to human disturbances, marmots in highly disturbed colonies allocated more time to vigilance, but this did not change over time. FID decreased on average when they were approached more and also tended to decrease in highly disturbed colonies and over 15 years. Yet, there was individuality in FIDs; marmots that fled at greater distances became sensitized with repeated approaches. Additionally, the marmots in highly disturbed colonies gained less body mass over time compared to conspecifics in less disturbed colonies. These results suggested that, although marmots habituated to humans, long-term human disturbance has negative fitness consequences. Our framework should help wildlife managers evaluate the comprehensive impact of human activities on wildlife.
OpenContami: a web-based application for detecting microbial contaminants in next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Park Sung-Joon , Nakai Kenta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Summary
Microorganisms infect and contaminate eukaryotic cells during the course of biological experiments. Because microbes influence host cell biology and may therefore lead to erroneous conclusions, a computational platform that facilitates decontamination is indispensable. Recent studies show that next-generation sequencing (NGS) data can be used to identify the presence of exogenous microbial species. Previously, we proposed an algorithm to improve detection of microbes in NGS data. Here, we developed an online application, OpenContami, which allows researchers easy access to the algorithm via interactive web-based interfaces. We have designed the application by incorporating a database comprising analytical results from a large-scale public dataset and data uploaded by users. The database serves as a reference for assessing user data and provides a list of genera detected from negative blank controls as a ‘blacklist’, which is useful for studying human infectious diseases. OpenContami offers a comprehensive overview of exogenous species in NGS datasets; as such, it will increase our understanding of the impact of microbial contamination on biological and pathological traits.

Availability and implementation
OpenContami is freely available at: https://openlooper.hgc.jp/opencontami/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Variation in Pyramidal Cell Morphology Across the Human Anterior Temporal Lobe
Authors: Benavides-Piccione Ruth , Rojo Concepcion , Kastanauskaite Asta , DeFelipe Javier 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pyramidal neurons are the most abundant and characteristic neuronal type in the cerebral cortex and their dendritic spines are the main postsynaptic elements of cortical excitatory synapses. Previous studies have shown that pyramidal cell structure differs across layers, cortical areas, and species. However, within the human cortex, the pyramidal dendritic morphology has been quantified in detail in relatively few cortical areas. In the present work, we performed intracellular injections of Lucifer Yellow at several distances from the temporal pole. We found regional differences in pyramidal cell morphology, which showed large inter-individual variability in most of the morphological variables measured. However, some values remained similar in all cases. The smallest and least complex cells in the most posterior temporal region showed the greatest dendritic spine density. Neurons in the temporal pole showed the greatest sizes with the highest number of spines. Layer V cells were larger, more complex, and had a greater number of dendritic spines than those in layer III. The present results suggest that, while some aspects of pyramidal structure are conserved, there are specific variations across cortical regions, and species.
Drifts in Prefrontal and Parietal Neuronal Activity Influence Working Memory Judgments
Authors: Li Sihai , Constantinidis Christos , Qi Xue-Lian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) plays a critical role in spatial working memory and its activity predicts behavioral responses in delayed response tasks. Here, we addressed if this predictive ability extends to other working memory tasks and if it is present in other brain areas. We trained monkeys to remember the location of a stimulus and determine whether a second stimulus appeared at the same location or not. Neurophysiological recordings were performed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). We hypothesized that random drifts causing the peak activity of the network to move away from the first stimulus location and toward the location of the second stimulus would result in categorical errors. Indeed, for both areas, in nonmatching trials, when the first stimulus appeared in a neuron’s preferred location, the neuron showed significantly higher firing rates in correct than in error trials; and vice versa, when the first stimulus appeared at a nonpreferred location, activity in error trials was higher than in correct. The results indicate that the activity of both dlPFC and PPC neurons is predictive of categorical judgments of information maintained in working memory, and neuronal firing rate deviations are revealing of the contents of working memory.
Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (Shingrix): Real-World Effectiveness in the First 2 Years Post-Licensure
Authors: Izurieta Hector S , Wu Xiyuan , Forshee Richard , Lu Yun , Sung Heng-Ming , Agger Paula Ehrlich , Chillarige Yoganand , Link-Gelles Ruth , Lufkin Bradley , Wernecke Michael , MaCurdy Thomas E , Kelman Jeffrey , Dooling Kathleen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundShingrix (recombinant zoster vaccine) was licensed to prevent herpes zoster, dispensed as 2 doses given 2–6 months apart among adults aged ≥50 years. Clinical trials yielded efficacy of &gt;90% for confirmed herpes zoster, but post-market performance has not been evaluated. Efficacy of a single dose and a delayed second dose and efficacy among persons with autoimmune or immunosuppressive conditions have not been studied. We aimed to assess post-market vaccine effectiveness of Shingrix.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study among Medicare Part D community-dwelling beneficiaries aged &gt;65 years. Herpes zoster was identified using a medical office visit diagnosis with treatment, and postherpetic neuralgia was identified using a validated algorithm. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to improve cohort balance and marginal structural models to estimate hazard ratios.ResultsWe found a vaccine effectiveness of 70.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.6–71.5) and 56.9% (95% CI, 55.0–58.8) for 2 and 1 doses, respectively. The 2-dose vaccine effectiveness was not significantly lower for beneficiaries aged &gt;80 years, for second doses received at ≥180 days, or for individuals with autoimmune conditions. The vaccine was also effective among individuals with immunosuppressive conditions. Two-dose vaccine effectiveness against postherpetic neuralgia was 76.0% (95% CI, 68.4–81.8).ConclusionsThis large real-world observational study of the effectiveness of Shingrix demonstrates the benefit of completing the 2-dose regimen. Second doses administered beyond the recommended 6 months did not impair effectiveness. Our effectiveness estimates were lower than the clinical trials estimates, likely due to differences in outcome specificity.
Incidence of Medically Attended Acute Respiratory Illnesses Due to Respiratory Viruses Across the Life Course During the 2018/19 Influenza Season
Authors: Jackson Michael L , Starita Lea , Kiniry Erika , Phillips C Hallie , Wellwood Stacie , Cho Shari , Kiavand Anahita , Truong Melissa , Han Peter , Richardson Matthew , Wolf Caitlin R , Heimonen Jessica , Nickerson Deborah A , Chu Helen Y ,   Seattle Flu Study Investigators, Chu Helen Y , Boeckh Michael , Englund Janet A , Famulare Michael , Lutz Barry R , Nickerson Deborah A , Rieder Mark J , Starita Lea M , Thompson Matthew , Shendure Jay , Bedford Trevor , Adler Amanda , Brandstetter Elisabeth , Bosua Jeris , Cho Shari , Frazar Chris D , Han Peter D , Gulati Reena K , Hadfield James , Huang Shichu , Jackson Michael L , Kiavand Anahita , Kimball Louise E , Lacombe Kirsten , Logue Jennifer K , Lyon Victoria , Newman Kira L , Sibley Thomas R , Zigman Suchsland Monica L , Truong Melissa , Wolf Caitlin R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Although multiple respiratory viruses circulate in humans, few studies have compared the incidence of different viruses across the life course. We estimated the incidence of outpatient illness due to 12 different viruses during November 2018 through April 2019 in a fully enumerated population.

Methods
We conducted active surveillance for ambulatory care visits for acute respiratory illness (ARI) among members of Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA). Enrolled patients provided respiratory swab specimens which were tested for 12 respiratory viruses using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We estimated the cumulative incidence of infection due to each virus overall and by age group.

Results
The KPWA population under surveillance included 202 562 individuals, of whom 2767 (1.4%) were enrolled in the study. Influenza A(H3N2) was the most commonly detected virus, with an overall incidence of 21 medically attended illnesses per 1000 population; the next most common viruses were influenza A(H1N1) (18 per 1000), coronaviruses (13 per 1000), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 13 per 1000), and rhinovirus (9 per 1000). RSV was the most common cause of medically attended ARI among children aged 1–4 years; coronaviruses were the most common among adults aged ≥65 years.

Conclusions
Consistent with other studies focused on single viruses, we found that influenza and RSV were major causes of acute respiratory illness in persons of all ages. In comparison, coronaviruses and rhinovirus were also important pathogens. Prior to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronaviruses were the second-most common cause of medically attended ARI during the 2018/19 influenza season.
Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Transgender Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States: Medical Monitoring Project, 2015–2019
Authors: Town Katy , Tie Yunfeng , Dasgupta Sharoda , Kirkcaldy Robert D , Crim Stacy M , Weiser John , Bernstein Kyle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
National guidelines recommend annual sexually transmitted infection testing for sexually active people living with human immunodeficiency virus, including transgender women. Using data from the US Medical Monitoring Project during 2015–2019, in the previous 12 months, 63.3% of sexually active transgender women who were human immunodeficiency virus positive were tested for syphilis, 56.6% for chlamydia, and 54.4% for gonorrhea.
Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group 2.0: Back to Business
Authors: Chambers Henry F , Evans Scott R , Patel Robin , Cross Heather R , Harris Anthony D , Doi Yohei , Boucher Helen W , van Duin David , Tsalik Ephraim L , Holland Thomas L , Pettigrew Melinda M , Tamma Pranita D , Hodges Kathryn R , Souli Maria , Fowler Vance G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In December 2019, the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) was awarded funding for another 7-year cycle to support a clinical research network on antibacterial resistance. ARLG 2.0 has 3 overarching research priorities: infections caused by antibiotic-resistant (AR) gram-negative bacteria, infections caused by AR gram-positive bacteria, and diagnostic tests to optimize use of antibiotics. To support the next generation of AR researchers, the ARLG offers 3 mentoring opportunities: the ARLG Fellowship, Early Stage Investigator seed grants, and the Trialists in Training Program. The purpose of this article is to update the scientific community on the progress made in the original funding period and to encourage submission of clinical research that addresses 1 or more of the research priority areas of ARLG 2.0.
The ASL-LEX 2.0 Project: A Database of Lexical and Phonological Properties for 2,723 Signs in American Sign Language
Authors: Sehyr Zed Sevcikova , Caselli Naomi , Cohen-Goldberg Ariel M , Emmorey Karen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ASL-LEX is a publicly available, large-scale lexical database for American Sign Language (ASL). We report on the expanded database (ASL-LEX 2.0) that contains 2,723 ASL signs. For each sign, ASL-LEX now includes a more detailed phonological description, phonological density and complexity measures, frequency ratings (from deaf signers), iconicity ratings (from hearing non-signers and deaf signers), transparency (“guessability”) ratings (from non-signers), sign and videoclip durations, lexical class, and more. We document the steps used to create ASL-LEX 2.0 and describe the distributional characteristics for sign properties across the lexicon and examine the relationships among lexical and phonological properties of signs. Correlation analyses revealed that frequent signs were less iconic and phonologically simpler than infrequent signs and iconic signs tended to be phonologically simpler than less iconic signs. The complete ASL-LEX dataset and supplementary materials are available at https://osf.io/zpha4/ and an interactive visualization of the entire lexicon can be accessed on the ASL-LEX page: http://asl-lex.org/.
Effects of Starvation, Age, and Mating Status on Flight Capacity of Laboratory-Reared Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Aita Rafael Carlesso , Kees Aubree M , Aukema Brian H , Hutchison W D , Koch Robert L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive species to North America and has spread throughout most of the territory. Understanding flight in H. halys is crucial to understanding the dispersal capacity and developing forecasting models for this pest. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of starvation, age, mating status, sex, and preflight weight on flight parameters of laboratory-reared H. halys using computer-monitored flight mills. The mean flight distance observed over a 24-h period was 266 m and the maximum distance was 7.3 km. Overall, the flight capacity of males and females was similar, even though females weighed more than males. The proportion of H. halys that initiated flight was not affected by starvation, age, or mating status. The number of bouts of individual flights and velocity significantly increased with longer durations of starvation. The number of bouts significantly decreased with increasing age. The total distance flew and total flight time was not affected by starvation, age, or mating status. Although some statistical differences were seen across the experiments, these differences likely represent minimal ecological significance. Therefore, these results suggest that H. halys are remarkably resilient, which may contribute to their success as an invasive species. The findings of this study could help better predict the dispersal potential of H. halys in Minnesota.
Self-learning growth simulator for modelling forest stand dynamics in changing conditions
Authors: Pukkala Timo , Vauhkonen Jari , Korhonen Kari T , Packalen Tuula 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFinnish forest structures vary from even-aged planted forests to two- and multi-storied mixed stands. Also, the range of silvicultural systems in use has increased because thinning from above and continuous cover management are gaining popularity. The data currently available for modelling stand dynamics are insufficient to allow the development of unbiased and reliable models for the simulation of all possible transitions between various current and future stand conditions. Therefore, the models should allow temporal and regional calibration along the accumulation of new information on forest development. If the calibration process is automated, the simulators that use these models constitute a self-learning system that adapts to the properties of new data on stand dynamics. The current study first developed such a model set for stand dynamics that is technically suitable for simulating the stand development in all stand structures, silvicultural systems and their transitions. The model set consists of individual-tree models for diameter increment and survival and a stand-level model for ingrowth. The models were based on the permanent sample plots of the 10th and 11th national forest inventories of Finland. Second, a system for calibrating the models based on additional data was presented. This optimization-based system allows different types and degrees of calibration, depending on the intended use of the models and the amount of data available for calibration. The calibration method was demonstrated with two external datasets where a set of sample plots had been measured two times at varying measurement intervals.
Development of a salutogenic intervention for healthy eating among Dutch type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Polhuis Kristel C M M , Vaandrager Lenneke , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S , Koelen Maria A 
Published: February 2021

Lay Summary
Healthy eating can be challenging for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The theory of salutogenesis, which focuses on the resources required to organize behavioural changes in everyday life, was used to develop an intervention for healthy eating. The aim was to describe the development, structure and content of this salutogenic intervention. The development consisted of two phases that were based on the operationalization of important key principles of salutogenesis. In Phase 1 (Exploration and synthesis), a systematic review and three qualitative studies were performed to explore important characteristics to enable healthy eating in everyday life. The results were used to develop the draft intervention. In Phase 2 (Validation and adjustment), interviews and workshops were conducted with T2DM patients, healthcare providers and scientists. Based on this, the draft intervention was modified into its final form. The developmental process resulted in a 12-week, group-based intervention that aimed to enable important resources for healthy eating via self-examination, reflection, setting goals and sharing experiences. Attention was also paid to disease information, disease acceptance, food literacy, stress management, self-identity and social support. The group sessions began following an individual intake session, with a booster session held 3 months after the intervention. The researcher’s translation of the stakeholders’ priorities into an intervention was corrected for and approved by the stakeholders concerned. This comprehensive salutogenic intervention was developed based on practical and scientific evidence. Providing transparency in developmental processes and content is important because it determines the scientific integrity and credibility of an intervention.
Predicting play calls in the National Football League using hidden Markov models
Authors: Ötting Marius 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, data-driven approaches have become a popular tool in a variety of sports to gain an advantage by, for example, analysing potential strategies of opponents. Whereas the availability of play-by-play or player tracking data in sports such as basketball and baseball has led to an increase of sports analytics studies, equivalent data sets for the National Football League (NFL) were not freely available for a long time. In this contribution, we consider a comprehensive play-by-play NFL dataset provided by www.kaggle.com, comprising 289,191 observations in total, to predict play calls in the NFL using hidden Markov models. The resulting out-of-sample prediction accuracy for the 2018 NFL season is 71.6%, which is similar compared to existing studies on play call predictions in the NFL. In practice, such predictions are helpful for NFL teams, especially for defense coordinators, to make adjustments in real time on the field.