bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global meta‐network of legume crops and floral visitors reveals abundance of exotic bees
Authors: Paulino Cristiane de Souza , Souza Camila Silveira , Santa‐Martinez Emmanuel , Almeida Natan Messias , Castro Cibele Cardoso 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLegume crops (family Fabaceae, order Fabales) constitute a relevant component of the human food supply. In view of the global decline in crop production, as a result of increasing threats (such as habitat fragmentation and land use change) to pollinators, knowledge concerning legume floral visitors can contribute to world food security. In this study, a synthesis was performed of global data on interactions between legume crops and their floral visitors, in order to improve understanding of the structure of crop‐floral visitor interactions and the roles of different species. A literature review was conducted using three databases, considering 15 legumes of economic importance, enabling the construction of a meta‐network of plant‐floral visitor interactions. Soybean, alfalfa and common bean received the highest numbers of floral visitor species. A total of 208 floral visitor species were recorded, distributed in eight orders. The most diverse group was Hymenoptera (mainly bees), followed by Lepidoptera. The European honeybee Apis mellifera interacted with the highest number of plant species. Modularity analysis identified eight modules that included more than one order of floral visitors. Most species were classified as peripherals, with few links restricted to their own module. The three connector species were the bees Bombus pascuorum, B. terrestris and Megachile rotundata. The only network hub was A. mellifera. The predominance of bees seemed to be related to the predominant floral morphology among the crops. The connector and hub species were typically generalists, and all except one species (B. pascuorum) were used as managed pollinators. The crops studied have an important role in global pollination resilience, maintaining a diversified fauna of pollinators other than bees.
Highly efficient, genotype‐independent transformation and gene editing in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) using a chimeric ClGRF4‐GIF1 gene
Authors: Feng Qin , Xiao Ling , He Yizhen , Liu Man , Wang Jiafa , Tian Shujuan , Zhang Xian , Yuan Li 
Published: December 2021

SummaryEfficient genetic transformation has the potential to advance research and breeding in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), but regeneration from tissue culture remains challenging. Previous work showed that expressing a fusion of two interacting transcription factors, GROWTH‐REGULATING FACTOR4 (GRF4) and GRF‐INTERACTING FACTOR1 (GIF1), improved regeneration in wheat (Triticum aestivum). By overexpressing a chimeric fusion of ClGRF4 and ClGIF1, we achieved highly efficient transformation in watermelon. Mutating the mi396 microRNA target site in ClGRF further boosted the transformation efficiency up to 67.27% in a genotype‐independent manner. ClGRF4‐GIF1 can also be combined with clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) genome editing tools to achieve highly efficient gene editing in watermelon, which we used to successfully create diploid seedless watermelon. This research thus puts forward a powerful transformation tool for future watermelon research and breeding.
Heterogeneous Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policy on the Bond Yields across the Euro Area
Authors: DEMİR İSHAK , EROĞLU BURAK A. , YILDIRIM‐KARAMAN SEÇİL 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of the European Central Bank's unconventional monetary policies (UMP) between 2008 and 2019 on European government bond yields. It adopts a novel econometric approach that combines a data‐rich factor analysis and Vector autoregression (VAR) with heteroskedastic‐based identification. The results identify a significant and substantial impact for all countries and maturities, but stronger and persistent impact for the periphery. When we decompose the impact into separate components, we find that UMP decreases the market component for all countries. It decreases the risk‐mutualization component for the periphery permanently at the cost of a small increase for the core countries, which provides evidence for risk‐mutualization in the EMU.
Association of temporomandibular disorders and tinnitus with health‐related quality of life: A cross‐sectional study using the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kong Geon‐Sik , Lee Sook‐Hyun , Park Kyoung Sun , Cho Jae‐Heung , Kim Koh‐Woon , Ha In‐Hyuk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the associations of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and tinnitus with health‐related quality of life on a national level.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the associations of TMDs, tinnitus and quality of life among the Korean population, aged 19 years or older.MethodsData were obtained from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012; N = 5786). TMDs, tinnitus and health‐related quality of life were assessed using self‐report data from EuroQol‐5 Dimension. Participants were divided into four groups: no TMD and no tinnitus, TMD present but no tinnitus, no TMD but tinnitus present and both TMD and tinnitus present.ResultsAmong the participants, 21.88% had TMD, 24.93% had tinnitus, and 7.74% had both. The prevalence of most TMD and all types of tinnitus was higher among females than among males. The group with both TMD and tinnitus reported the highest percentage of problems in the usual activity, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions. Moreover, the odds ratio (OR) for lower quality of life was significantly higher in the group with both TMD and tinnitus compared to the group without TMD and tinnitus: mobility (OR = 1.527, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.014–2.300), pain/discomfort (OR = 2.072, 95% CI: 1.570–2.735), anxiety/depression (OR = 1.692, 95% CI: 1.034–2.767), EQ‐5D score (OR = 1.651, 95% CI: 1.121–2.431) and EQ‐VAS (OR = 1.682, 95% CI: 1.246–2.269).ConclusionThe presence of both TMD and tinnitus has a considerable impact on HRQoL in the Korean population. In our study, the group with both TMD and tinnitus showed lower HRQoL than without TMD and tinnitus group. These results emphasise the need for a multilateral and comprehensive approach to address these disorders and provide baseline data for developing appropriate interventions.
Different components of excessive daytime sleepiness and the change with positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Results from the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort (ISAC)
Authors: Thorarinsdottir Elin H. , Janson Christer , Aspelund Thor , Benediktsdottir Bryndis , Júlíusson Sigurður , Gislason Thorarinn , Kuna Samuel T. , Pack Allan I. , Keenan Brendan T. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryExcessive daytime sleepiness includes both an inability to stay awake during the day and a general feeling of sleepiness. We describe different dimensions of daytime sleepiness in adults with moderate–severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before and after 2 years of positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment. Using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (score >10 defined as “risk of dozing”) and Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (feeling sleepy ≥3 times/week defined as “feeling sleepy”), participants were categorised into sleepiness phenotypes labelled non‐sleepy, risk of dozing only, feeling sleepy only, or both symptoms. Participants repeated baseline assessments and PAP adherence was evaluated after 2 years. PAP‐adherent subjects with sleepiness symptoms at both baseline and follow‐up were considered persistently sleepy. Of the 810 participants, 722 (89%) returned for follow‐up. At baseline, 17.7% were non‐sleepy, 7.7% were at risk of dozing only, 24.7% were feeling sleepy only, and 49.9% had both symptoms. PAP adherence did not differ by baseline sleepiness phenotype. Patients with risk of dozing demonstrated greater PAP benefits for sleepiness symptoms than non‐sleepy and feeling sleepy only phenotypes. Using these phenotypes, 42.3% of PAP users had persistent sleepiness; they had less severe OSA (p < 0.001), more persistent OSA symptoms and more often had symptoms of insomnia than patients in whom sleepiness resolved. Our present results, therefore, suggest that measuring the risk of dozing and the feeling of sleepiness reflect different sleepiness components and may respond differently to PAP. Patients feeling sleepy without risk of dozing may need more thorough evaluation for factors contributing to sleepiness before initiating treatment.
In vivo joint synovial fluid disposition of a novel sustained‐release formulation of diclofenac and hyaluronic acid in horses
Authors: Rhodin Marie , Haubro Andersen Pia , Holm Forsström Karin , Ekstrand Carl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntra‐articular administration of sustained‐release anti‐inflammatory drugs is indicated in horses suffering from joint inflammation, but no such drugs are labelled for veterinary use. To obtain initial data on synovial disposition and safety of a new sustained‐release formulation of diclofenac (SYN321) in the joints of horses, an experimental interventional study of elimination and side effects of intra‐articular administration of SYN321 was conducted. Nine clinically sound horses were included in the study, and SYN321 was administered by the intra‐articular route. Dose ranges and sampling intervals were established in a pilot study with two horses, and then applied in a main study involving seven horses treated in the fetlock joint. Diclofenac was detected above lower limit of quantification (LOQ: 0.5 ng/ml) in synovial fluid throughout the study period (14 days), and below LOQ (0.1 ng/ml) in plasma after 4 days and in urine after 14 days. No obvious clinical side effects were detected. Clinical examination and objective lameness evaluation suggested that SYN321 has potential as a local joint NSAID treatment with sustained release in horses, but further studies on synovial fluid exposure, safety and clinical efficacy are warranted.
Extensive transcriptomic profiling of pupal diapause in a butterfly reveals a dynamic phenotype
Authors: Pruisscher Peter , Lehmann Philipp , Nylin Sören , Gotthard Karl , Wheat Christopher W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiapause is a common adaptation for overwintering in insects that is characterized by arrested development and increased tolerance to stress and cold. While the expression of specific candidate genes during diapause have been investigated, there is no general understanding of the dynamics of the transcriptional landscape as a whole during the extended diapause phenotype. Such a detailed temporal insight is important as diapause is a vital aspect of life cycle timing. Here, we performed a time‐course experiment using RNA‐Seq on the head and abdomen in the butterfly Pieris napi. In both body parts, comparing diapausing and nondiapausing siblings, differentially expressed genes are detected from the first day of pupal development and onwards, varying dramatically across these formative stages. During diapause there are strong gene expression dynamics present, revealing a preprogrammed transcriptional landscape that is active during the winter. Different biological processes appear to be active in the two body parts. Finally, adults emerging from either the direct or diapause pathways do not show large transcriptomic differences, suggesting the adult phenotype is strongly canalized.
Stable inversion clines in a grasshopper species group despite complex geographical history
Authors: Guzmán Noelia V. , Kemppainen Petri , Monti Daniela , Castillo Elio R. D. , Rodriguero Marcela S. , Sánchez‐Restrepo Andrés F. , Cigliano Maria Marta , Confalonieri Viviana A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChromosomal inversions are known to play roles in adaptation and differentiation in many species. They involve clusters of correlated genes (i.e., loci in linkage disequilibrium, LD) possibly associated with environmental variables. The grasshopper “species complex”Trimerotropis pallidipenniscomprises several genetic lineages distributed from North to South America in arid and semi‐arid high‐altitude environments. The southernmost lineage,Trimerotropissp., segregates for four to seven putative inversions that display clinal variation, possibly through adaptation to temperate environments. We analysed chromosomal, mitochondrial and genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data in 19 Trimerotropissp. populations mainly distributed along two altitudinal gradients (MS and Ju). Populations across Argentina comprise two main chromosomally and genetically differentiated lineages: one distributed across the southernmost border of the “Andes Centrales,” adding evidence for a differentiation hotspot in this area; and the other widely distributed in Argentina. Within the latter, network analytical approaches to LD found three clusters of correlated loci (LD‐clusters), with inversion karyotypes explaining >79% of the genetic variation. Outlier loci associated with environmental variables mapped to two of these LD‐clusters. Furthermore, despite the complex geographical history indicated by population genetic analyses, the clines in inversion karyotypes have remained stable for more than 20 generations, implicating their role in adaptation and differentiation within this lineage. We hypothesize that these clines could be the consequence of a coupling between extrinsic postzygotic barriers and spatially varying selection along environmental gradients resulting in a hybrid zone. These results provide a framework for future investigations about candidate genes implicated in rapid adaptation to new environments.
Environmentally associated chromosomal structural variation influences fine‐scale population structure of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Watson K. Beth , Lehnert Sarah J. , Bentzen Paul , Kess Tony , Einfeldt Antony , Duffy Steven , Perriman Ben , Lien Sigbjørn , Kent Matthew , Bradbury Ian R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChromosomal rearrangements (e.g., inversions, fusions, and translocations) have long been associated with environmental variation in wild populations. New genomic tools provide the opportunity to examine the role of these structural variants in shaping adaptive differences within and among wild populations of non‐model organisms. In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), variations in chromosomal rearrangements exist across the species natural range, yet the role and importance of these structural variants in maintaining adaptive differences among wild populations remains poorly understood. We genotyped Atlantic Salmon (n = 1429) from 26 populations within a highly genetically structured region of southern Newfoundland, Canada with a 220K SNP array. Multivariate analysis, across two independent years, consistently identified variation in a structural variant (translocation between chromosomes Ssa01 and Ssa23), previously associated with evidence of trans‐Atlantic secondary contact, as the dominant factor influencing population structure in the region. Redundancy analysis suggested that variation in the Ssa01/Ssa23 chromosomal translocation is strongly correlated with temperature. Our analyses suggest environmentally mediated selection acting on standing genetic variation in genomic architecture introduced through secondary contact may underpin fine‐scale local adaptation in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, Canada, a large and deep embayment, highlighting the importance of chromosomal structural variation as a driver of contemporary adaptive divergence.
“I might not fit that doctor image”: Ideal worker norms and women medical students
Authors: Blalock A. Emiko , Smith Margaret Chandler , Patterson B. R. , Greenberg Amy , Smith Brandon R. G. , Choi Christine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the increasing numbers of women students in medical schools, focused attention on their perceptions about medical school and the medical profession remain underexamined. These perceptions are important to understand, particularly since women students are likely burdened with a host of gender norms related to work, family, and their future roles as physicians. Early experiences in medical school offer important insights into the larger student experience and are tied to academic outcomes and feelings of belonging. To examine early experiences of women medical students, this qualitative study used sensemaking theory to describe the current context and “story” of ideal worker norms. Critical qualitative interviews of 38 women students were performed during their first 2 months of medical school and explored both how the students perceived and experienced ideal worker norms, and how they made sense of the “story” of ideal worker norms. The participants described ways they encountered gendering and ideal worker norms through displays of nurturing behaviour, expectations to balance a future family, and whether they looked or acted the part of a doctor. This article highlights the challenges women medical students are already aware they will face, the opportunities they look forward to, and the strengths they anticipate leaning on to navigate their profession. Results from this study have implications for women medical students' learning experiences and transitions into medical school and for faculty, staff, and scholars concerned with challenging gendering norms that shape medical education.
Manganese transport by Streptococcus sanguinis in acidic conditions and its impact on growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Puccio Tanya , An Seon‐Sook , Schultz Alexander C. , Lizarraga Claudia A. , Bryant Ashley S. , Culp David J. , Burne Robert A. , Kitten Todd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStreptococcus sanguinis is an oral commensal and an etiological agent of infective endocarditis. Previous studies have identified the SsaACB manganese transporter as essential for endocarditis virulence; however, the significance of SsaACB in the oral environment has never been examined. Here we report that a ΔssaACB deletion mutant of strain SK36 exhibits reduced growth and manganese uptake under acidic conditions. Further studies revealed that these deficits resulted from the decreased activity of TmpA, shown in the accompanying paper to function as a ZIP‐family manganese transporter. Transcriptomic analysis of fermentor‐grown cultures of SK36 WT and ΔssaACB strains identified pH‐dependent changes related to carbon catabolite repression in both strains, though their magnitude was generally greater in the mutant. In strain VMC66, which possesses a MntH transporter, loss of SsaACB did not significantly alter growth or cellular manganese levels under the same conditions. Interestingly, there were only modest differences between SK36 and its ΔssaACB mutant in competition with Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in a murine oral colonization model. Our results suggest that the heterogeneity of the oral environment may provide a rationale for the variety of manganese transporters found in S. sanguinis.
Protein phosphatase SppA regulates apical growth and dephosphorylates cell polarity determinant DivIVA in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Passot Fanny M. , Cantlay Stuart , Flärdh Klas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMembers of the Actinobacteria, including mycobacteria and streptomycetes, exhibit a distinctive mode of polar growth, with cell wall synthesis occurring in zones at cell poles and directed by the essential cell polarity determinant DivIVA. Streptomyces coelicolor modulates polar growth via the Ser/Thr protein kinase AfsK, which phosphorylates DivIVA. Here, we show that the phosphoprotein phosphatase SppA has strong effects on polar growth and cell shape and that it reverses the AfsK‐mediated phosphorylation of DivIVA. SppA affects hyphal branching and the rate of tip extension. The sppA mutant hyphae also exhibit a high frequency of spontaneous growth arrests, indicating problems with maintenance of tip extension. The phenotypic effects are partially suppressed in an afsK sppA double mutant, indicating that AfsK and SppA to some extent share target proteins. Strains with a nonphosphorylatable mutant DivIVA confirm that the effect of afsK on hyphal branching during normal growth is mediated by DivIVA phosphorylation. However, the phenotypic effects of sppA deletion are independent of DivIVA phosphorylation and must be mediated via other substrates. This study adds a PPP‐family protein phosphatase to the proteins involved in the control of polar growth and cell shape determination in S. coelicolor.
A cross‐scale approach to unravel the molecular basis of plant phenology in temperate and tropical climates
Authors: Satake Akiko , Nagahama Ai , Sasaki Eriko 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPlants have evolved to time their leafing, flowering and fruiting in appropriate seasons for growth, reproduction and resting. As a consequence of their adaptation to geographically different environments, there is a rich diversity in plant phenology from temperate and tropical climates. Recent progress in genetic and molecular studies will provide numerous opportunities to study the genetic basis of phenological traits and the history of adaptation of phenological traits to seasonal and aseasonal environments. Integrating molecular data with long‐term phenology and climate data into predictive models will be a powerful tool to forecast future phenological changes in the face of global environmental change. Here, we review the cross‐scale approach from genes to plant communities from three aspects: the latitudinal gradient of plant phenology at the community level, the environmental and genetic factors underlying the diversity of plant phenology, and an integrated approach to forecast future plant phenology based on genetically informed knowledge. Synthesizing the latest knowledge about plant phenology from molecular, ecological and mathematical perspectives will help us understand how natural selection can lead to the further evolution of the gene regulatory mechanisms in phenological traits in future forest ecosystems.
FLA11 and FLA12 glycoproteins fine‐tune stem secondary wall properties in response to mechanical stresses
Authors: Ma Yingxuan , MacMillan Colleen P. , de Vries Lisanne , Mansfield Shawn D. , Hao Pengfei , Ratcliffe Julian , Bacic Antony , Johnson Kim L. 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Secondary cell walls (SCWs) in stem xylem vessel and fibre cells enable plants to withstand the enormous compressive forces associated with upright growth. It remains unclear if xylem vessel and fibre cells can directly sense mechanical stimuli and modify their SCW during development.

We provide evidence that Arabidopsis SCW‐specific Fasciclin‐Like Arabinogalactan‐proteins 11 (FLA11) and 12 (FLA12) are possible cell surface sensors regulating SCW development in response to mechanical stimuli. Plants overexpressing FLA11 (OE‐FLA11) showed earlier SCW development compared to the wild‐type (WT) and altered SCW properties that phenocopy WT plants under compression stress. By contrast, OE‐FLA12 stems showed higher cellulose content compared to WT plants, similar to plants experiencing tensile stress.

fla11, OE‐FLA11, fla12, and OE‐FLA12 plants showed altered SCW responses to mechanical stress compared to the WT. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and RNA‐seq analysis revealed the up‐regulation of genes and pathways involved in stress responses and SCW synthesis and regulation. Analysis of OE‐FLA11 nst1 nst3 plants suggests that FLA11 regulation of SCWs is reliant on classical transcriptional networks.

Our data support the involvement of FLA11 and FLA12 in SCW sensing complexes to fine‐tune both the initiation of SCW development and the balance of lignin and cellulose synthesis/deposition in SCWs during development and in response to mechanical stimuli.