bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward an accurate estimation of wall shear stress from 4D flow magnetic resonance downstream of a severe stenosis
Authors: Corso Pascal , Walheim Jonas , Dillinger Hannes , Giannakopoulos George , Gülan Utku , Frouzakis Christos Emmanouil , Kozerke Sebastian , Holzner Markus 
Published: April 2021

PurposeFirst, to investigate the agreement between velocity, velocity gradient, and Reynolds stress obtained from four‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance (4D flow MRI) measurements and direct numerical simulation (DNS). Second, to propose and optimize based on DNS, 2 alternative methods for the accurate estimation of wall shear stress (WSS) when the resolution of the flow measurements is limited. Thirdly, to validate the 2 methods based on 4D flow MRI data.MethodsIn vitro 4D MRI has been conducted in a realistic rigid stenosed aorta model under a constant flow rate of 12 L/min. A DNS of transitional stenotic flow has been performed using the same geometry and boundary conditions.ResultsTime‐averaged velocity and Reynolds stresses are in good agreement between in vitro 4D MRI data and DNS (errors between 2% and 8% of the reference downsampled data). WSS estimation based on the 2 proposed methods applied to MRI data provide good agreement with DNS for slice‐averaged values (maximum error is less than 15% of the mean reference WSS for the first method and 25% for the second method). The performance of both models is not strongly sensitive to spatial resolution up to 1.5 mm voxel size. While the performance of model 1 deteriorates appreciably at low signal‐to‐noise ratios, model 2 remains robust.ConclusionsThe 2 methods for WSS magnitude give an overall better agreement than the standard approach used in the literature based on direct calculation of the velocity gradient close to the wall (relative error of 84%).
A numerical approach for heat flux estimation in thin slabs continuous casting molds using data assimilation
Authors: Morelli Umberto Emil , Barral Patricia , Quintela Peregrina , Rozza Gianluigi , Stabile Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present work, we consider the industrial problem of estimating in real‐time the mold‐steel heat flux in continuous casting mold. We approach this problem by first considering the mold modeling problem (direct problem). Then, we plant the heat flux estimation problem as the inverse problem of estimating a Neumann boundary condition having as data pointwise temperature measurements in the interior of the mold domain. We also consider the case of having a total heat flux measurement together with the temperature measurements. We develop two methodologies for solving this inverse problem. The first one is the traditional Alifanov's regularization, the second one exploits the parameterization of the heat flux. We develop the latter method to have an offline–online decomposition with a computationally efficient online part to be performed in real‐time. In the last part of this work, we test these methods on academic and industrial benchmarks. The results show that the parameterization method outclasses Alifanov's regularization both in performance and computational cost. Moreover, it proves to be robust with respect to the measurements noise. Finally, the tests confirm that the computational cost is suitable for real‐time estimation of the heat flux.
Cemental composites with polyurethane and recycled polyvinyl chloride: The influence of industrial waste addition on flammability
Authors: Marques Diego Valdevino , Cremona Parma Gabriel Oscar , Valezan Igor Fagundes , de Aguiar Ana Carolina , Mendonça Bruno Afonso Büchele , Cruz Junior Américo , da Silva Luciano , Soriano Corral Florentino , Sanchez Saul , Barcelos Ricardo Luis , Magnago Rachel Faverzani 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the construction industry, the large number of residues presents a challenge for recycling and the possibility of producing new materials. This study reported the effects of the addition of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) residues and cement/alumina trihydrate on the production of a fire‐resistant thermal‐acoustic insulation material. The composites were verified by scanning electron microscopy, the polyurethane (PU) cells were maintained with the addition of PVC, cement, and trihydrate alumina. The reduction in compressive strength for boards with 50% PVC waste as a replacement for the PU raw material. The boards showed the composites' conductivity coefficient was lower than that of the perforated brick and combustion deceleration up to flame extinction in the flammability test (UL94) because of the PVC/cement/alumina trihydrate. They also presented cost savings (~57%) and carbon dioxide emissions (~49%) from the raw material, contributing to developing a less predatory and socio‐environmentally responsible industry.
Registration of ‘FloRun ‘331’ ’ peanut
Authors: Tillman B. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract‘FloRun ‘331’ ’ (Reg. no. CV‐144, PI 680624) is a high‐oleic, runner market‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar with medium runner seed size developed by the University of Florida, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, North Florida Research and Education Center, near Marianna, FL. It was tested under the experimental designation UF15302 and was approved for release in 2016. FloRun ‘331’ has a semi‐prostrate growth habit, with a tall and prominent center stem and dark green leaves. The seed testa is tan and the seeds are smaller than seeds of ‘Georgia‐06G’ (68.8 g vs. 76.9 g per 100 seeds, P < .001). FloRun ‘331’ was released based on its pod yield and grading potential, disease resistance, and high oleic oil content. During the 3‐yr period from 2013 to 2015, at three locations, FloRun ‘331’ had higher pod yield (8,101 vs. 7,533 kg ha–1; P = .0088) than ‘Georgia‐06G’, the dominant cultivar in the southeastern United States. The total sound mature kernels grade of FloRun ‘331’ was slightly less than that of Georgia‐06G (77.1 vs. 79.9%, P < .0032. It also has the benefit of high oleic oil chemistry. with oil composed of 79.3% oleic fatty acid versus 61.3% for Georgia‐06G (P < .01). In addition, FloRun ‘331’ has very good tolerance to two major fungal diseases: late leaf spot and white mold. Therefore, it combines excellent agronomic, grade, disease, and oil chemistry traits and should be beneficial to farmers and manufacturers of peanut foods.
The challenge of accurately describing the epidemiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on the various current definitions of BPD
Authors: Cuevas Guaman Milenka , Dahm Paul H. , Welty Stephen E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite marked improvements in the survival of extremely low birth weight preterm infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a prevalent morbidity. BPD has evolved pathologically and epidemiologically but the definition has failed to keep up. The majority of the definitions of BPD still use the respiratory support provided to the infants at a single timepoint. The lack of a uniform definition of BPD presently reflects the changing BPD pathogenesis and phenotype and limits defining the epidemiology. To address the epidemiology of BPD, the definition should be clarified; even the newer definitions have not been validated entirely. The definition needs to be meaningful clinically and be predictive of long‐term respiratory outcomes. We believe the definition should have a composite assessment like a score (quantitative measurement) and include the different phenotypes (qualitative measurements) so that optimally they can be applied to the different phases of BPD and at different timepoints. Furthermore, the definitions need to be easy to measure and assess so that generalizability is enhanced.
Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis hospitalizations in children with chronic diseases
Authors: Shmueli Einat , Goldberg Ori , Mei‐Zahav Meir , Stafler Patrick , Bar‐On Ophir , Levine Hagit , Steuer Guy , Mussaffi Huda , Gendler Yulia , Blau Hannah , Prais Dario 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract disorder causing hospitalization in infants. Due to decreased hospitalization rates of premature infants following Palivizumab immune prophylaxis, the proportion of infants with chronic diseases not eligible for Palivizumab has increased.AimTo characterize infants hospitalized during 2014–2018 with RSV bronchiolitis, to compare between those with and without chronic conditions, and to identify risk factors for severe disease.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed demographic and clinical data of patients younger than 2 years admitted with bronchiolitis during four consecutive RSV seasons.ResultsOf 1124 hospitalizations due to RSV bronchiolitis, 244 (22%) were in infants with chronic diseases. Although 20/1124 qualified for RSV prophylaxis, only eight received immune prophylaxis. Compared to otherwise healthy infants, children with chronic diseases had longer hospitalizations, median 4.8 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.4–8.3) versus 3.7 days (IQR: 2.7–5.1), p < .001; and higher pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and readmission rates (9% vs. 4.5%, p = .007% and 3% vs. 1%, p = .055, respectively). Children with Down's syndrome comprised 2% of all hospitalizations, but 8% of PICU admissions; their median length of hospitalization was 10.7 days (IQR: 6.6–17.6). Respiratory tract malformations were present in 2% of hospitalizations, and comprised 4% of PICU admissions.ConclusionAmong infants admitted with RSV bronchiolitis, those with chronic diseases had longer hospitalizations and higher rates of transfer to the PICU. Children with multiple comorbidities, and especially those with Down's syndrome, are at particularly high risk for severe hospitalization and may benefit from RSV immune prophylaxis.
Remote monitoring of Cydia pomonella adults among an assemblage of nontargets in sex pheromone‐kairomone‐baited smart traps
Authors: Preti Michele , Favaro Riccardo , Knight Alan Lee , Angeli Sergio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCaptures of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in traps are used to establish action thresholds and time insecticide sprays. The need for frequent trap inspections in often remote orchards has created a niche for remote sensing smart traps. A smart trap baited with a five‐component pheromone‐kairomone blend was evaluated for codling moth monitoring among an assemblage of other nontargets in apple and pear orchards.RESULTSCodling moth captures did not differ between the smart trap and a standard trap when both were checked manually. However, the correlation between automatic and manual counts of codling moth in the smart traps was low, R2 = 0.66 ÷ 0.87. False‐negative identifications by the smart trap were infrequent <5%, but false‐positive identifications accounted for up to 67% of the count. These errors were primarily due to the misidentification of three moth species of fairly similar‐size to codling moth: apple clearwing moth Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen), oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck), and carnation tortrix Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner). Other false‐positive counts were less frequent and included the misidentifications of dipterans, other arthropods, patches of moth scales, and the double counting of some moths.CONCLUSIONCodling moth was successfully monitored remotely with a smart trap baited with a nonselective sex pheromone‐kairomone lure, but automatic counts were inflated in some orchards due to mischaracterizations of primarily similar‐sized nontarget moths. Improved image‐identification algorithms are needed for smart traps baited with less‐selective lures and with lure sets targeting multiple species.
Characterization of the detrimental effects of type IV glandular trichomes on the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae in tomato
Authors: Blanco‐Sánchez Lidia , Planelló Rosario , Llorente Lola , Díaz‐Pendón Juan A , Ferrero Victoria , Fernández‐Muñoz Rafael , Herrero Óscar , de la Peña Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlandular trichomes are essential in plants' defence against pests however, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood. While there is considerable evidence of feeding and movement impairment by trichomes, the effect on other traits is less clear. We combined laboratory and greenhouse experiments with molecular analysis to understand how glandular trichomes affect the behavior, population growth, and the expression of biomarkers involved in detoxification, primary metabolism, and developmental pathways of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. We used two isogenic tomato lines that differ in the presence of type IV glandular trichomes and production of acylsucroses; i.e.,Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘Moneymaker’ and an introgressed line from Solanum pimpinellifolium (with trichomes type IV).RESULTSType IV glandular trichomes affected host selection and aphid proliferation with aphids avoiding, and showing impaired multiplication on the genotype with trichomes. The exposure to type IV glandular trichomes resulted in the overexpression of detoxication markers (i.e., Hsp70, Hsp17, Hsp10); the repression of the energetic metabolism (GAPDH), and the activation of the ecdysone pathway; all these, underlying the key adaptations and metabolic trade‐offs in aphids exposed to glandular trichomes.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate the detrimental effect of glandular trichomes (type IV) on the aphid and put forward their mode of action. Given the prevalence of glandular trichomes in wild and cultivated Solanaceae; and of the investigated molecular biomarkers in insects in general, our results provide relevant mechanisms to understand the effect of trichomes not only on herbivorous insects but also on other trophic levels.
Numerical solution of Schrodinger equation for rotating Morse potential using matrix methods with Fourier sine basis and optimization using variational Monte‐Carlo approach
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Sastri Oruganti S. K. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, time independent Schrodinger equation (TISE) for rotating Morse potential is solved numerically using matrix mechanics approach with Fourier sine basis, to obtain the ro‐vibrational spectra for diatomic molecules, here for HCl. Alongside, an optimization procedure for extraction of best model parameters based on variational Monte‐Carlo technique (VMC) is implemented. The first three vibrational frequencies from simulation are compared with experimental data by calculating mean‐square error, called χ2‐value. Minimizing χ2 by VMC technique is akin to extracting inverted potential based on Morse function that best fits experimental data. Finally, these optimized parameters for Morse potential, along with centrifugal term, are utilized in TISE to obtain ro‐vibrational frequencies for HCl. It has been found that mean % error obtained for ro‐vibrational lines from VMC are two orders of magnitude smaller than those obtained from best parameter fits using multiple regression analysis. The programs have been implemented in Scilab, and matrix methods results have been validated with those obtained using analytical solutions from Nikiforov–Uvarov method and asymptotic iteration method.
Dynamic changes of genome sizes and gradual gain of cell‐specific distribution of C4 enzymes during C4 evolution in genus Flaveria
Authors: Taniguchi Yukimi Y. , Gowik Udo , Kinoshita Yuto , Kishizaki Risa , Ono Naoaki , Yokota Akiho , Westhoff Peter , Munekage Yuri N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractC4 plants are believed to have evolved from C3 plants through various C3–C4 intermediate stages in which a photorespiration‐dependent CO2 concentration system known as C2 photosynthesis operates. Genes involved in the C4 cycle were thought to be recruited from orthologs present in C3 species and developed cell‐specific expression during C4 evolution. To understand the process of establishing C4 photosynthesis, we performed whole‐genome sequencing and investigated expression and mesophyll‐ or bundle‐sheath‐cell‐specific localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP‐malic enzyme (NADP‐ME), pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) in C3, C3–C4 intermediate, C4–like, and C4 Flaveria species. While genome sizes vary greatly, the number of predicted protein‐coding genes was similar among C3, C3–C4 intermediate, C4–like, and C4 Flaveria species. Cell‐specific localization of the PEPC, NADP‐ME, and PPDK transcripts was insignificant or weak in C3–C4 intermediate species, whereas these transcripts were expressed cell‐type specific in C4–like species. These results showed that elevation of gene expression and cell‐specific control of pre‐existing C4 cycle genes in C3 species was involved in C4 evolution. Gene expression was gradually enhanced during C4 evolution, whereas cell‐specific control was gained independently of quantitative transcriptional activation during evolution from C3–C4 intermediate to C4 photosynthesis in genus Flaveria.
Should We Provide the Bear Necessities? Climate Change, Polar Bears and the Ethics of Supplemental Feeding
Authors: Palmer Clare 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper considers whether we have any moral responsibility to offer supplemental feeding to wild animals who have lost food access due to climate change. It takes as a particular case the situation of some individual polar bears who, over the next decade, are likely to be threatened with abrupt loss of food access due to changes in sea ice, potentially causing starvation. The paper argues that, as is implied by most positions in animal ethics, there are ethical reasons to assist individual polar bears by supplemental feeding. However, there are also good reasons to hesitate, and to consider potential harms both to bears and to other animals, as well the loss of wildness value that may be involved. From some ethical positions, the likely harms involved make euthanasia ethically preferable to supplemental feeding. But on other plausible ethical arguments, these likely harms are not decisive. We need to know more about the possible effects of supplemental feeding of polar bears. So, the paper concludes that when the first bears are threatened by abrupt loss of food access, a trial of supplementary feeding should be considered in consultation with relevant native peoples.
Understanding and Defending the Preference for Native Species
Authors: Hettinger Ned 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe preference for native species, along with its concomitant antipathy toward non-natives, has been increasingly criticized as incoherent, obsolete, xenophobic, misanthropic, uncompassionate, and antithetical to conservation. This essay explores these criticisms. It articulates an ecological conception of nativeness that distinguishes non-native species both from human-introduced and from invasive species. It supports, for the most part, the criticisms that non-natives threaten biodiversity, homogenize ecological assemblages, and further humanize the planet. While prejudicial dislike of the foreign is a human failing that feeds the preference for natives, opposition to non-natives can be based on laudatory desires to protect natural dimensions of the biological world and to prevent biological impoverishment. Implications for our treatment of non-native, sentient animals are explored, as well as are questions about how to apply the native/non-native distinction to animals that share human habitats and to species affected by climate change.
The Effect of Temperature Variation on Bridges—A Literature Review
Authors: Borah Sushmita , Al-Habaibeh Amin , Kromanis Rolands 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBridges are commonly subjected to complex load scenarios in their lifetime. Understanding the response of bridges under such load scenarios is important to ensure their safety. While static and dynamic loads from vehicles and pedestrians influence the instantaneous response of bridges, studies show that thermal load from diurnal and seasonal temperature variation influences its long-term response and durability. This study addresses the effects of thermal load variation on bridges and briefly reviews methods of measuring such effects. The findings show that thermally induced deformations in bridges are of magnitude equal or larger than that induced by vehicle induced load. This study highlights the significance of measuring temperature responses of bridges for their robust structural health monitoring.
4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs and lisse W-algebras
Authors: Xie Dan , Yan Wenbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We continue our studies of the correspondence between 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs and 2d W-algebras. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between 2d lisse W-algebras and their 4d SCFT partners. The lisse W-algebra is the W-algebra whose associated Zhu’s C2 algebra is finite dimensional. As the associated variety of Zhu’s C2 algebra is identified with the Higgs branch in the 4d/2d correspondence, the lisse condition is equivalent to the absence of the Higgs branch on the 4d side. We classify 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs which do not admit Higgs branch, then these theories would give lisse W-algebras through the 4d/2d correspondence. In particular, we predict the existence of a large class of new non-admissible lisse W-algebras, which have not been studied before. The 4d theories corresponding to lisse W-algebra can appear in the Higgs branches of generic 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs, therefore they are crucial to understand the Higgs branches of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs.
Chronische Bauchschmerzen – Folge einer seltenen gastrointestinalen Fehlbildung?
Authors: Brinkmann J.E. , Alrefai M. , Senkal M. , Schmidt-Choudhury A. , Schmidt W. E. , Tannapfel A. , Seul R. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEs wird über eine 15-jährige Patientin mit chronischen Bauchschmerzen, Übelkeit, stuhlig riechendem Aufstoßen und Durchfällen nach dem Trinken berichtet. Endoskopisch wurden 3 gastrokolische Fisteln entdeckt. Weder laborchemisch noch histologisch ergab sich ein Hinweis auf das Vorliegen eines M. Crohn oder anderer Grunderkrankungen. Histologisch fanden sich in Schleimhautbiopsaten der größten Fistel Zeichen einer geringgradigen chronischen und floriden Gastritis. Nach Therapiebeginn mit Omeprazol kam es zur deutlichen Beschwerdebesserung. Alle Fisteln wurden in einer laparoskopischen Operation mithilfe eines Staplers durchtrennt.
Higher Order Large Gap Asymptotics at the Hard Edge for Muttalib–Borodin Ensembles
Authors: Charlier Christophe , Lenells Jonatan , Mauersberger Julian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the limiting process that arises at the hard edge of Muttalib–Borodin ensembles. This point process depends on $$\theta > 0$$

θ
>
0

and has a kernel built out of Wright’s generalized Bessel functions. In a recent paper, Claeys, Girotti and Stivigny have established first and second order asymptotics for large gap probabilities in these ensembles. These asymptotics take the form $$\begin{aligned} {\mathbb {P}}(\text{ gap } \text{ on } [0,s]) = C \exp \left( -a s^{2\rho } + b s^{\rho } + c \ln s \right) (1 + o(1)) \qquad \text{ as } s \rightarrow + \infty , \end{aligned}$$

P

(

gap

on

[
0
,
s
]

)

=
C
exp

-
a

s

2
ρ

+
b

s
ρ

+
c
ln
s

(
1
+
o

(
1
)

)

as

s
→
+
∞
,

where the constants $$\rho $$
ρ
, a, and b have been derived explicitly via a differential identity in s and the analysis of a Riemann–Hilbert problem. Their method can be used to evaluate c (with more efforts), but does not allow for the evaluation of C. In this work, we obtain expressions for the constants c and C by employing a differential identity in $$\theta $$
θ
. When $$\theta $$
θ
is rational, we find that C can be expressed in terms of Barnes’ G-function. We also show that the asymptotic formula can be extended to all orders in s.