bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sclerite assembly, articulation and protective system of Lower Devonian machaeridians
Authors: Jacquet Sarah M. , Selly Tara , Schiffbauer James D. , Brock Glenn A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMachaeridians are a unique group of Palaeozoic annelids that secreted a calcitic armour consisting of dorsally interlocking sclerites running along the entire length of the animal. Preserved remains are most commonly found as disarticulated sclerites, although rare articulated specimens have also been preserved as moulds, recrystallized calcite and even pyrite replacement. These preservational modes unfortunately have obscured direct observation of the dorsal interlocking hinge, thus impeding our understanding of the functional protection offered by this biological armour. Herein, we document and describe articulated silicified lepidocoleids (Lepidocoleus caliburnus sp. nov., Lepidocoleus shurikenus sp. nov. and Lepidocoleus sp.) in association with isolated sclerites of Lepidocoleus cf. kuangguoduni from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) Garra Formation of New South Wales, Australia. Articulated specimens include straight and enrolled scleritome configurations possessing opposing and alternate dorsal hinge articulation, respectively. Silicified scleritomes were analysed using x‐ray microtomography to investigate the three‐dimensional morphology, cross‐sectional geometry and dorsal hinge articulation and configuration of individual sclerites in the armour assembly. Virtual dissection of articulated specimens alongside reconstructions of isolated sclerites reveal distinctions in sclerite morphology across opposing and alternate articulation mechanisms, including a novel system not previously observed in lepidocoleids. The combination of heterogeneous sclerite cross‐sectional geometry with sclerite overlap also serves to maintain a uniform thickness of the armour assembly and presumably improve resistance to predatory attack.
Resveratrol reduces DRP1‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction via the SIRT1‐PGC1α signaling pathway in manganese‐induced nerve damage in mice
Authors: Lei Meng‐Yu , Cong Lin , Liu Zhi‐Qi , Liu Zhuo‐Fan , Ma Zhuo , Liu Kuan , Li Jing , Deng Yu , Liu Wei , Xu Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExcessive manganese (Mn) exposure can cause nerve damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may involve defects in mitochondrial dynamics. Resveratrol (RSV) exerts a wide range of beneficial effects via activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and thus may positively impact Mn‐induced mitochondrial damage through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α) by SIRT1. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which RSV alleviates the nerve injury and mitochondrial fragmentation caused by Mn in C57 BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that RSV activated the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 and protected against the surge of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the attenuation of ATP caused by Mn. RSV, therefore, inhibits mitochondrial fragmentation and safeguards neural cells. Increased deacetylase activity led to a reduction in the acetylation of PGC‐1α, which directly regulates DRP1 expression by binding to the DRP1 promoter. The resultant attenuation of DRP1‐mediated mitochondrial fragmentation in RSV‐pretreated mice was abolished by the addition of the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. Taken together, these findings indicate that RSV alleviates Mn‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by DRP1 by modulating the SIRT1/PGC‐1α signaling pathway.
Cross-fertilising extra gauge boson searches at the LHC
Authors: Araz Jack Y. , Frank Mariana , Fuks Benjamin , Moretti Stefano , Özdal Özer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For the purpose of cross-fertilising currently separate experimental approaches, we connect results of LHC analyses attempting to access the properties of additional W′ and Z′ bosons from Drell-Yan processes. Under theoretical assumptions linking the two new gauge bosons, we take into account that such possible states of nature are wide enough (in relation to the leptonic mass resolution) for the corresponding signals be significantly affected by interference effects with the background from the Standard Model. The shape of the differential cross section may then no longer be a standard Breit-Wigner distribution, and asymmetry observables would become useful for characterisation (and, possibly, discovery) purposes. Under such conditions we concentrate our analysis on specific widely-studied models: the Sequential Standard Model, a model with an additional SU(2)L gauge symmetry, as well as standard and alternative realisations of the Left-Right Symmetric Model. We show how information gathered in Z′ boson searches in terms of cross section and/or asymmetry distributions can be used to improve W′ boson searches in terms of the LHC sensitivity, and vice versa.
Sparse SYK and traversable wormholes
Authors: Cáceres Elena , Misobuchi Anderson , Pimentel Rafael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate two sparse Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) systems coupled by a bilinear term as a holographic quantum mechanical description of an eternal traversable wormhole in the low temperature limit. Each SYK system consists of N Majorana fermions coupled by random q-body interactions. The degree of sparseness is captured by a regular hypergraph in such a way that the Hamiltonian contains exactly k N independent terms. We improve on the theoretical understanding of the sparseness property by using known measures of hypergraph expansion. We show that the sparse version of the two coupled SYK model is gapped with a ground state close to a thermofield double state. Using Krylov subspace and parallelization techniques, we simulate the system for q = 4 and q = 8. The sparsity of the model allows us to explore larger values of N than the ones existing in the literature for the all-to-all SYK. We analyze in detail the two-point functions and the transmission amplitude of signals between the two systems. We identify a range of parameters where revivals obey the scaling predicted by holography and signals can be interpreted as traversing the wormhole.
Understanding Micropolar Theory in the Earth Sciences II: The Seismic Moment Tensor
Authors: Abreu Rafael , Durand Stephanie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeismic events produced by block rotations about vertical axis occur in many geodynamic contexts. In this study, we show that these rotations can be accounted for using the proper theory, namely micropolar theory, and a new asymmetric moment tensor can be derived. We then apply this new theory to the Kaikōura earthquake (2016/11/14), Mw 7.8, one of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded with modern instrumental techniques. Using advanced numerical techniques, we compute synthetic seismograms including a full asymmetric moment tensor and we show that it induces measurable differences in the waveforms proving that seismic data can record the effects of the block rotations observed in the field. Therefore, the theory developed in this work provides a full framework for future dynamic source inversions of asymmetric moment tensors.
Discrete coalescent trees
Authors: Collienne Lena , Elmes Kieran , Fischer Mareike , Bryant David , Gavryushkin Alex 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn many phylogenetic applications, such as cancer and virus evolution, time trees, evolutionary histories where speciation events are timed, are inferred. Of particular interest are clock-like trees, where all leaves are sampled at the same time and have equal distance to the root. One popular approach to model clock-like trees is coalescent theory, which is used in various tree inference software packages. Methodologically, phylogenetic inference methods require a tree space over which the inference is performed, and the geometry of this space plays an important role in statistical and computational aspects of tree inference algorithms. It has recently been shown that coalescent tree spaces possess a unique geometry, different from that of classical phylogenetic tree spaces. Here we introduce and study a space of discrete coalescent trees. They assume that time is discrete, which is natural in many computational applications. This tree space is a generalisation of the previously studied ranked nearest neighbour interchange space, and is built upon tree-rearrangement operations. We generalise existing results about ranked trees, including an algorithm for computing distances in polynomial time, and in particular provide new results for both the space of discrete coalescent trees and the space of ranked trees. We establish several geometrical properties of these spaces and show how these properties impact various algorithms used in phylogenetic analyses. Our tree space is a discretisation of a previously introduced time tree space, calledt-space, and hence our results can be used to approximate solutions to various open problems int-space.
Biological macromolecule chitosan grafted co-polymeric composite: bio-adsorption probe on cationic dyes
Authors: Khairkar Shyam R. , Pansare Shubham V. , Shedge Amol A. , Chhatre Shraddha , Kulal Dnyaneshwar K. , Patil Vishwanath R. , Pansare Amol V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChitosan biological macromolecule is a versatile polymer; chemical modification has been carried out that lead to the formation of chitosan grafted polymers composites (Chito-g-PC). We proposed synthesis of six various Chito-g-PC as sorbents for toxic dyes. A novel graft copolymerization method based on radical polymerization with vinyl monomer like acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, methacrylic acid and polyacrylonitrile were utilized in order to address the large amount of swelling at four different pH buffers solution. The effect of initiator and monomer concentration, time and temperature on % grafting and % grafting efficiency were performed. Comparative characterization of Chito and Chito-g-PC were evaluated by SEM, XRD and FTIR, as well as solubility characteristics of the composites were determined by various pH buffer solution. Cationic toxic dyes Malachite green (MG) and Methylene blue (MB) were selected as the sorbet, and Chito-g-PC were used as biosorbents. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic with an increased randomness. The sorption experiments were realized with six different Chito-g-PC for MG and MB at various pH.
Shallow magmatic processes revealed by cryptic microantecrysts: a case study from the Taupo Volcanic Zone
Authors: Lormand Charline , Zellmer Georg Florian , Sakamoto Naoya , Ubide Teresa , Kilgour Geoff , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Palmer Alan , Németh Karoly , Iizuka Yoshiyuki , Moebis Anja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArc magmas typically contain phenocrysts with complex zoning and diverse growth histories. Microlites highlight the same level of intracrystalline variations but require nanoscale resolution which is globally less available. The southern Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand, has produced a wide range of explosive eruptions yielding glassy microlite-bearing tephras. Major oxide analyses and textural information reveal that microlite rims are commonly out of equilibrium with the surrounding glass. We mapped microlites and microcrysts at submicron resolution for major and trace element distributions and observed three plagioclase textural patterns: (1) resorption and overgrowth, (2) oscillatory zoning, and (3) normal (sharp) zoning. Pyroxene textures are diverse: (1) resorption and overgrowth, (2) calcium-rich bands, (3) hollow textures, (4) oscillatory zoning, (5) sector zoning, (6) normal zoning and (7) reverse zoning. Microlite chemistry and textures inform processes operating during pre-eruptive magma ascent. They indicate a plumbing system periodically intruded by short-lived sub-aphyric dykes that entrain microantecrysts grown under diverse physico-chemical conditions and stored in rapidly cooled, previously intruded dykes. Changes in temperature gradients between the intrusion and the host rock throughout ascent and repeated magma injections lead to fluctuations in cooling rates and generate local heterogeneities illustrated by the microlite textures and rim compositions. Late-stage degassing occurs at water saturation, forming thin calcic microcryst rims through local partitioning effects. This detailed investigation of textures cryptic to conventional imaging shows that a significant proportion of the micrometre-sized crystal cargo of the TVZ is of antecrystic origin and may not be attributed to late-stage nucleation and growth at the onset of volcanic eruptions, as typically presumed.
Development of the Swiss Database for dosing medicinal products in pediatrics
Authors: Tilen Romy , Panis Dalibor , Aeschbacher Samuel , Sabine Thomas , Meyer zu Schwabedissen Henriette E. , Berger Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn daily paediatrics, drugs are commonly used off-label, as they are not approved for children. Approval is lacking because the required clinical studies were limited to adults in the past. Without clinical studies, evidence-based recommendations for drug use in children are limited. Information on off-label drug dosing in children can be found in different handbooks, databases and scientific publications but the dosing recommendations can differ considerably. To improve safety and efficacy of drugs prescribed to children and to assist the prescribers, stakeholders in Swiss paediatrics started a pilot project, supported by the Federal Office of Public Health, with the aim to create a database, providing healthcare professionals with so called “harmonised” dosage recommendations based on the latest available scientific evidence and best clinical practice. A standardised process for dosage harmonisation between paediatric experts was defined, guided and documented in an electronic tool, developed for this purpose. As proof of principle, a total of 102 dosage recommendations for 30 different drugs have been nationally harmonised in the pilot phase considering the current scientific literature and the approval of the most experienced national experts in the field.Conclusion: This approach paved the way for unified national dosage recommendations for children. Reaching the project’s milestones fulfilled the prerequisites for funding and starting regular operation of SwissPedDose in 2018. Since then, the database was extended with recommendations for 100 additional drugs.What is Known:• Prescribing off-label is a common practice among paediatricians, as many drugs are still not authorised for use in children.• Some countries developed national drug formularies providing off-label dosage recommendations.What is New:• Comparison of published dosage recommendations in known drug handbooks and online databases show substantial differences and heterogeneity, revealing the need for harmonisation.• The design of a tool for standardised harmonisation of dosage recommendations, based on information collected on currently applied dosages, latest scientific evidence and the approval of experts.
An Investigation of the Translational Asset: A Proposed Classification
Authors: Strazzullo Gennaro , Ion William J. , MacBryde Jillian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTranslational assets (TAs) are considered one of the actors that play a critical role within the national innovation system (NIS) of every country that embraces university, government, and industry collaboration. Moreover, these organisations have been established to support industries, companies, and particularly SMEs, filling the university-industry gap. Although the establishment of translational assets creates many benefits, this organisational ecosystem has been a controversial topic. It is hampered by a lack of consensus on how to define and classify translational assets. The problem arises because of their heterogeneity. This study identifies the critical factors for presenting a general classification from the analysis of academic papers and technical reports. The proposed classification is built, showing the factors of organisational structure, resources, and motivation for collaboration on a bidirectional continuum. Therefore, this paper’s findings provide a proposed classification of three main types of TAs, which are as follows: exploratory, plug, and developer/solver. This is a heuristic classification that provides enrichment to the literature and a better understanding for practitioners of these organisations' behaviour.
The Hows and whys of philosophy of science teaching: a comparative analysis
Authors: de Regt Henk W. , Koster Edwin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhat makes teaching philosophy of science to non-philosophy students different from teaching it to philosophy students, and how should lecturers in philosophy adapt to an audience of practitioners of a field of study that they are reflecting on? In this paper we address this question by analyzing the differences between these student groups, and based on this analysis we make suggestions as to how philosophy of science can be taught to non-philosophy students in an effective and attractive way. Starting-point is the observation that not only the background knowledge and interests of these students but also the aims of the respective courses will differ. We present a comparative analysis of the demands and conditions for teaching philosophy of science to the different types of students, focusing on learning objectives and didactic approaches. Next, we apply our analysis to a concrete example, the role of values in science, and discuss how this may be taught to either philosophy students or non-philosophy students. Finally, we discuss an alternative format for teaching philosophy to non-philosophy students.
Opportunities and challenges for implementing managed aquifer recharge models in drought-prone Barind tract, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Iquebal , Bari Md. Niamul , Miah Md. Shafi Uddin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the Barind tract, a drought prone area situated in the north-west region of Bangladesh where inadequate rainfall and limited surface water have created high dependence on groundwater for irrigation and other purposes, leading to significant declines in groundwater level. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) offers a potential solution to restore groundwater levels. This study sets out to identify the opportunities and challenges for implementing MAR in the Barind tract. To accomplish this aim, different data sets including bore log lithology, rainfall, groundwater levels, information about re-excavated ponds, dighis, kharies, beels, check dams, rubber dams, dug wells and other necessary information were collected from the Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) and other sources and analyzed. Major opportunities for MAR are identified for about 2000 km of re-excavated kharies (canals) containing about 750 check dams, more than 3000 re-excavated ponds, a number of beels (comparatively large marshes) and other water bodies which are used to conserve runoff storm water for supplementary irrigation. The conserved water can be used for groundwater recharge and subsequently abstracted for irrigation. Furthermore, roof-top rain water from buildings can also be used for groundwater recharge purposes. In contrast, the major challenges include the high turbidity of storm water runoff leading to clogging of MAR structures, inadequacy of conventional direct surface methods of recharge due to the presence of a 15 m or more thick upper clay layer with limited percolation capacity, and lack of practical knowledge on MAR. Therefore, overcoming the challenges for MAR application is a prerequisite to maximize the opportunities from MAR that can support the sustainable use of groundwater resources.
Does corporate social responsibility affect Generation Z purchase intention in the food industry
Authors: WONG Man Chung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes more and more prevalent in the business world and is considered as one of the factors to make purchase intentions by customers. Thus, corporations are obliged to implement CSR initiatives to attract their customers. Generation Z is born in the world with the internet and social media. They are more able to handle technology and reply on the internet or social media to receive or search for information. They are more concerned with social issues or environmental problems. Therefore, CSR is one of the considerations when they make purchase decisions. This study is to explore whether CSR affects Generation Z purchase intentions in the food industry and which CSR categories have impacts on the purchase intention of Generation Z. A survey was used to collect the data from the youngsters at a post-secondary education institution. The findings showed that Generation Z will consider the CSR performance of the corporations in the food industry when they made purchase decisions. Most of the CSR initiatives, except shareholder related initiatives, had impacts on purchase intention. This may be due to the characteristics of Generation Z.
Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences
Authors: Yousaf Sumaira , Rehman Abdul , Masood Mariyam , Ali Kazam , Suleman Nazia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NCBI GenBank Accession Nos. MW241537, MW241538, MW349515, MW349516, MW349493 and MW349494) revealed that genetically it is more than 99% identical to S. frugiperda. The phylogenetic analysis indicated it as the rice-strain (R-strain). Both 3′- and 5′-fragment tree topologies showed that the collected samples of the FAW species belong to the R-strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular evidence for the existence of R-strain of S. frugiperda that was found feeding on maize crop in Sindh, Pakistan, using COI gene sequences as a marker.