bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and challenges of hydrogel microspheres for tendon–bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Xibang , Zhou Yuanyuan , Li Jianting , Zhang Chao , Wang Jiali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoor angiogenesis and bony ingrowth are the major factors causing unsatisfactory healing between the tendon graft and the bone tunnel surface. Exogenous biological factors, biomaterials, and cells have been considered as new strategies to promote healing quality in recent years. However, it remains challenging for their clinical use because of insufficient in‐situ retention time and release efficiency. Increasing attention has been paid to the hydrogel microspheres (HMPs) as potential drug‐loading deliveries in biomedicine due to their minimally invasive manner, extended drug retention time, and high loading efficiency. In this review, the healing mechanism between the tendon graft and the bone tunnel is introduced, which is followed by a brief summarization of current methods applied for enhancement of the healing quality. Then, the preclinical studies focusing on HMPs as novel drug carriers are summarized to address the aforementioned concerns in the treatment of tendon–bone healing. Of note, the challenges and perspectives of HMPs in clinical conversion are also outlooked. Collectively, this review may inspire researchers and clinicians to develop clinical available HMPs in orthopedics such as sports medicine from both material and biomedical aspects.
Proteasome inhibition induces macrophage apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Wang Jieyan , Wang Yingling , He Shihan , Wang Zhu , Deng Qiong , Liang Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDysfunction of the ubiquitin–proteasome system has been linked to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Proteasome inhibition not only exerts antitumor effects but also affects inflammatory signaling pathways. MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, has been shown to induce tumor cell apoptosis. However, its role in the induction of macrophage apoptosis remains unknown. In our study, we investigated the mechanism of the proapoptotic effects of MG132 in macrophages. Our data showed that MG132 treatment induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in macrophages. We found that proteasome inhibition induced a significant increase in the apoptosis rate, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase‐3 and cleavage of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, (2‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl‐4‐ylamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)triphenyl‐phosphonium chloride (Mito‐TEMPO) attenuated MG132‐induced apoptosis. In conclusion, proteasome inhibition by MG132 can induce macrophage apoptosis by promoting the production of ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction.
A rare case of pulmonary nocardiosis comorbid with Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Peng Yumeng , Dong Xiaoyan , Zhu Yongze , Lv Huoyang , Ge Yumei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNocardia is an opportunistic pathogen, which occurs in patients with autoimmune diseases and immune dysfunction, and can cause bacteremia and other life‐threatening complications. The clinical manifestations of Nocardia pneumonia are similar to tuberculous and other clinical common bacterial pneumonia, but its antibacterial treatments are different and detection methods are unique, which may lead patients to suffer for many years due to clinical misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.MethodsImaging and laboratory examinations were performed for preliminary diagnosis, and next‐generation sequencing was used to identify the exact species type of Nocardia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the patient.ResultsImaging and laboratory parameters preliminarily implied that the patient was infected with Nocardia with Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and NGS showed that the strain was N. terpenica.ConclusionsAccurate etiological diagnosis and corresponding antibiotics are key to improve the prognosis of pulmonary nocardiosis in this case. Nocardia pneumonia is rare in clinical practice; it is of great medical significance to improve the understanding of pulmonary nocardiosis.
Accurate reflection of hepatic venous pressure gradient by spleen stiffness measurement in patients with low controlled attenuation parameter values
Authors: Hirooka Masashi , Tanaka Takaaki , Koizumi Yohei , Yukimoto Atsushi , Watanabe Takao , Yoshida Osamu , Tokumoto Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimSpleen stiffness measurement (SSM) is useful for assessing portal hypertension. It is unclear whether SSM values are appropriate because vibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE) does not generate B‐mode images. This study aimed to confirm whether the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measured in the spleen can predict the accuracy of SSM.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 349 patients who underwent SSM using VCTE from January 2012 to December 2020. Consecutive patients were classified into the pilot set (SSM and hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] were measured) and the validation set (SSM was measured without HVPG). In the pilot set, scatter plots with a nonparametric contour line were created. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict outliers outside the 50% contour line.ResultsThe values of CAP could distinguish the outliers in scatter plots between the HPVG and SSM in both univariate and multivariate analyses (cutoff, 118 dB/m). The correlation of SSM with HVPG (r = 0.718; P < 0.001) was significantly better in the low CAP (≤118 dB/m) group than in the high CAP (>118 dB/m) group (r = 0.330; P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SSM in predicting high‐risk varices was better in the low CAP group than in all patients or in the high CAP group in the pilot set (0.881, 0.854, and 0.843, respectively) and in the validation set (0.893, 0.821, and 0.814, respectively).ConclusionFor patients with CAP <118 dB/m, SSM is a feasible predictor of HVPG.
Efficacy and safety of arimoclomol in Niemann‐Pick disease type C: Results from a double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled, multinational phase 2/3 trial of a novel treatment
Authors: Mengel Eugen , Patterson Marc C. , Da Riol Rosalia M. , Del Toro Mireia , Deodato Federica , Gautschi Matthias , Grunewald Stephanie , Grønborg Sabine , Harmatz Paul , Héron Bénédicte , Maier Esther M. , Roubertie Agathe , Santra Saikat , Tylki‐Szymanska Anna , Day Simon , Andreasen Anne Katrine , Geist Marie Aavang , Havnsøe Torp Petersen Nikolaj , Ingemann Linda , Hansen Thomas , Blaettler Thomas , Kirkegaard Thomas , í Dali Christine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNiemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare, genetic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with high unmet medical need. We investigated the safety and efficacy of arimoclomol, which amplifies the heat shock response to target NPC protein misfolding and improve lysosomal function, in patients with NPC. In a 12‐month, prospective, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 2/3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02612129), patients (2‐18 years) were randomised 2:1 to arimoclomol:placebo, stratified by miglustat use. Routine clinical care was maintained. Arimoclomol was administered orally three times daily. The primary endpoint was change in 5‐domain NPC Clinical Severity Scale (NPCCSS) score from baseline to 12 months. Fifty patients enrolled; 42 completed. At month 12, the mean progression from baseline in the 5‐domain NPCCSS was 0.76 with arimoclomol vs 2.15 with placebo. A statistically significant treatment difference in favour of arimoclomol of −1.40 (95% confidence interval: −2.76, −0.03; P = .046) was observed, corresponding to a 65% reduction in annual disease progression. In the prespecified subgroup of patients receiving miglustat as routine care, arimoclomol resulted in stabilisation of disease severity over 12 months with a treatment difference of −2.06 in favour of arimoclomol (P = .006). Adverse events occurred in 30/34 patients (88.2%) receiving arimoclomol and 12/16 (75.0%) receiving placebo. Fewer patients had serious adverse events with arimoclomol (5/34, 14.7%) vs placebo (5/16, 31.3%). Treatment‐related serious adverse events (n = 2) included urticaria and angioedema. Arimoclomol provided a significant and clinically meaningful treatment effect in NPC and was well tolerated.
Street Fighters with Insurance Coverage: The Insurance System of the Nazi Storm Section (Sturmabteilung)
Authors: Casquete Jesus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Storm Section (Sturmabteilung, or SA) was organized throughout the Weimar Republic as a paramilitary force entrusted with the ‘fight for the streets’ during the so‐called ‘time of struggle’ (Kampfzeit). To offset the potentially paralyzing effects of activism entailing risks of injury or death, the leaders of the movement devised and implemented an insurance system, which was retained throughout the following years. This insurance system smoothed the way for the most radical uncivility to hold sway without restriction during the final years of the Republic. Starting from late 1926, the National Socialist mechanism for overcoming the barriers to participation in violent activities that could potentially involve a high cost was to introduce an insurance system to facilitate their activists' willingness to ‘sacrifice’ themselves. The visceral anti‐Semitism of the Nazis was central to the negotiations and agreements reached with different insurers. The Nazis introduced an insurance policy for their activists that would cover them while carrying out their obligations as militants in the ‘fight’ against Social Democrats and, more often, Communists. By lowering the potential costs of participation in a high‐risk instance of activism, the insurance system contributed to stoking a ‘latent civil war’ in the German streets during the final years of the Republic. Relaying on archival and other primary sources and looking at them from a collective action perspective, this paper delves into the history of the SA insurance system, as well as on its functions.
The vector beam assisted “hot‐spot” optimization in tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Rong , Chen Li , Kong Ting , Chen Huan , Zhang Zhenglong , Shen Hao , Zheng Hairong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy has already promised extremely high plasmonic enhancement due to the successful optical confinement inside the nanocavity or sub‐nanocavity between the tip apex and substrate. Yet the dipole‐like charge oscillation enabled the gap enhancement, and hence, only the vertical polarization component could match and contribute to the overall efficiency. To avoid the noise and pursuit the mode purity, we chose the vector beam to form a tightly focused vertical electric field to generate such a “hot‐spot.” For the bottom illuminated method, taking the opaqueness and absorption characteristics of the beam by the metal substrate into consideration, the substrate thickness becomes the critical factor concerning gap plasmons coupling effect and incident light transmittance. Here, the spatial resolution lines of the vector beam excited from the bottom were compared with that of side method excited by linearly polarized beam, which shows that the vector beam presents greater symmetric characteristics. In addition to better elucidating the mechanism of tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, our results can be applied to a rational reference and guidance for later experiments.
Determination of asphaltene structural parameters by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: AlHumaidan Faisal S. , Rana Mohan S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine the aromatic sheet diameter (La) and the number of aromatic sheets per stack (n) for asphaltene molecules from Raman spectra by investigating and optimizing empirical equations proposed in the literature for both crystalline and amorphous carbon materials. The results clearly indicated that the best empirical equation for determining the aromatic sheet diameter for asphaltene was the equation proposed by Tuinstra and Koenig, but only when the graphitization indicator ID/IG would have been determined from the peak integrated ratio, rather than from the peak intensity ratio. The best results of La were obtained when the Raman spectra were deconvoluted and fitted with three peaks using Gaussian function. The number of aromatic sheets per stack for asphaltene was also determined by examining various empirical equations proposed for crystalline carbon materials. The results indicated that these equations could be applied on asphaltene if the first‐order region of Raman spectrum were to be fitted with two peaks, representing the G and D bands. Fitting the spectra with more peaks could result in splitting the G band into two bands (i.e., G and D2 bands), which would shift the G‐band position to a wavenumber below 1581.6 cm−1, and, subsequently, prevent the utilization of these empirical equations.
Organ Preservation Strategies in Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Rüller Karina , Sittel Christian , Kölmel Jan‐Constantin , Burghartz Marc , Steimer Johannes , Fiz Francesco , Piazza Cesare , Peretti Giorgio , Fiz Ivana 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngeal chondrosarcoma (LC) is a rare, slowly growing malignancy. The preferred treatment is laryngeal preservation surgery (LPS). Some patients may require multiple interventions or total laryngectomy (TL). We investigated risk factors for retreatment and TL, and assessed the impact of LPS on oncological and functional outcomes.Study DesignCase seriesMethodsWe searched our institution database for LC. Tumor grading, localization, and margin status were tested as predictors of recurrence and organ preservation.ResultsWe included 21 patients (seven females, mean age 58 ± 12 years). LPS was applied in 20 (95.2%) of them as a primary procedure. Six patients were treated by transoral approach and 14 received “open‐neck” LPS. Fifteen (71.4%) were operated only once, while six patients underwent a total of 15 adjunctive procedures. Additional operations were always performed for recurrence of tumors localized within the cricoid plate. The histological grading was G1 in 81% and G2 in 19%. However, two patients with a primary G1 LC showed a G2 recurrence. Reoperations for recurrence were more frequent among patients with G2 in respect to G1 histology (83% vs. 7%, P < .001). Fifty percent of G2 LC and 8% of G1 underwent TL (P < .05). Margin status had no influence on recurrence rate.ConclusionsPatients with G2 LC have more recurrences requiring surgery and a higher incidence of TL. Cricoid plate localization is relevant for organ preservation. Margin status signals possible disease persistence, without influencing the need for future surgeries. Need for reoperation entails a risk of not being able to maintain organ functionality.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:838–843, 2022
Components of plant diversity as ecological indicators reflecting the effects of conservation management and degradation in different climatic conditions
Authors: Heydari Mehdi , Aazami Fatemeh , Omidipour Reza , Borja Manuel Esteban Lucas , Faramarzi Marzban 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdditive partitioning of species diversity is a valuable approach for quantifying the spatial patterns of biodiversity sampled in hierarchically scaled studies. This approach may provide key insights into vegetation community restoration following terrestrial ecosystems degradation in different climatic conditions. The scale‐dependence of plant diversity in relation to different plant functional groups (e.g., herbaceous and woody) is still little understood. This research aims to investigate the influence of management options (protected vs. non‐protected) and climatic conditions (semiarid vs. Mediterranean) on different components of diversity in both herbaceous and woody species derived from local and regional scales (i.e., plot and site, respectively). In the studied areas, a total of 64 plots (1000 m2) at local scale and 128 micro‐plots (1 m2) among 16 sites at regional scale were selected for sampling the woody and herbaceous species data, respectively, by using a hierarchical sampling design. Diversity components of local (α1, β1) and regional (α2, β2) scales were extracted according to additive partitioning method. Differences in diversity component (α1, α21, β1 and β2) and floristic composition between management options and climatic conditions were evaluated using GLMM and DCA. The results indicate that all components of total species (both herbaceous and woody) diversity (α1, α2, β1 and β2) were significantly influenced by management options (p < 0.05) with greater values in the protected areas than the non‐protected areas. However, the climatic conditions only had significant effects on β2, with greater values in the Mediterranean compared to semi‐arid areas. Moreover, the separate analysis of herbaceous and woody species indicated that management options have a greater significant effect on different diversity components compared to the climatic condition. Detrended correspondence analysis showed that floristic variations along the axes are strongly affected by management in both climatic conditions. This indicates that protection measures mostly increased plant species diversity at the local and regional scales, which is independent of the climatic condition.
Going Above and Beyond: A Tenfold Gain in the Performance of Luminescence Thermometers Joining Multiparametric Sensing and Multiple Regression
Authors: Maturi Fernando E. , Brites Carlos D. S. , Ximendes Erving C. , Mills Carolyn , Olsen Bradley , Jaque Daniel , Ribeiro Sidney J. L. , Carlos Luís D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLuminescence thermometry has substantially progressed in the last decade, rapidly approaching the performance of concurrent technologies. Performance is usually assessed through the relative thermal sensitivity, Sr, and temperature uncertainty, δT. Until now, the state‐of‐the‐art values at ambient conditions do not exceed maximum Sr of 12.5% K−1 and minimum δT of 0.1 K. Although these numbers are satisfactory for most applications, they are insufficient for fields that require lower thermal uncertainties, such as biomedicine. This has motivated the development of materials with an improved thermal response, many of them responding to the temperature through distinct photophysical properties. This paper demonstrates how the performance of multiparametric luminescent thermometers can be further improved by simply applying new analysis routes. The synergy between multiparametric readouts and multiple linear regression makes possible a tenfold improvement in Sr and δT, reaching a world record of 50% K−1 and 0.05 K, respectively. This is achieved without requiring the development of new materials or upgrading the detection system as illustrated by using the green fluorescent protein and Ag2S nanoparticles. These results open a new era in biomedicine thanks to the development of new diagnosis tools based on the detection of super‐small temperature fluctuations in living specimens.
A New Route to Highly Stretchable and Soft Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Elastomers Using Polydimethylsiloxane as Crosslinker of Epoxidized Natural Rubber
Authors: Banerjee Shib Shankar , Banerjee Susanta , Wießner Sven , Janke Andreas , Heinrich Gert , Das Amit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSulfur or peroxide crosslinking is the most common and conventional method to develop elastomeric materials. A new approach to crosslink epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) by aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (AT‐PDMS) is described, intending to develop a new kind of hybrid organic–inorganic elastomers. The curing reaction is accelerated by using hydroquinone as a catalyst. The formation of the hybrid structure is evident from the appearance of two glass transition temperatures, at −1 and −120 °C, for the ENR and PDMS phases, respectively. The curing reaction is found to be of first order with respect to amine concentration with the estimated activation energy of ≈62 kJ mol−1. Comparing the mechanical properties to a typical ENR‐sulfur system leads to the conclusion that the ENR/AT‐PDMS hybrid structure is highly stretchable and soft, as demonstrated by its relatively higher strain at failure (up to ≈630%), and lower hardness and modulus values. The higher stretchability and soft nature of the material are achieved by introducing flexible PDMS chains during the curing process resulting to a hybrid elastomer networks. This kind of soft but robust materials can find several applications in diverse fields, such as soft robotics, flexible, and stretchable electronics.
Natural Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Components for One‐Step 3D Printing Tough Hydrogels
Authors: Luo Zhonglong , Zhou Jiulong , Lu Zhe , Wei Hongqiu , Yu You 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNatural polysaccharides (NPS) are regarded as biomolecular and structural components for preparing high‐performance tough hydrogels. But the one‐step fabrication of NPS‐containing hydrogels in seconds and the template‐free design of complicated high‐resolution structures are still significant challenges in this field. To meet these requirements, various NPS‐containing tough hydrogels are fabricated and processed into 2D/3D structures via the combination of Ru(bpy)32+‐mediated photochemistry and extrusion 3D printing technique. The whole fabrication process is one‐step, completed in tens of seconds under visible light irradiation. It is found that the used NPS plays a key role in achieving the fabrication of high‐performance structured tough hydrogels. The high reactivity of functional groups in the used NPS can shorten their gelation times. Long rigid chains of the used NPS, their hierarchical assemblies, and contrasting multinetworks benefit from the efficient dissipation of mechanical energy and enhancement of its operational stability. Strong supramolecular interactions enable hydrogel precursors to have high viscosities, therefore providing good controllability to design high‐resolution and complicated tough hydrogel structures via extrusion 3D printing. It is anticipated that this straightforward fabrication strategy and findings will open new horizons for NPS‐containing materials.
Grand Lebesgue Spaces are really Banach algebras relative to the convolution on unimodular locally compact groups equipped with Haar measure
Authors: Formica Maria Rosaria , Ostrovsky Eugeny , Sirota Leonid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe prove that the Grand Lebesgue Space built on a unimodular locally compact topological group, equipped with bi‐invariant Haar measure, forms a Banach algebra relative to the convolution.
On the uniqueness of entire functions having Dirichlet series representations
Authors: Lü Feng , Lü Weiran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is proved that two entire functions of finite order having Dirichlet series representation in some right‐half plane are identically equal if they have sufficiently many common a‐points. In addition, based on the idea of Li in [15], we give a slightly briefer proof of a question posed by Bombieri and Perelli in [3].