bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Succinyl-CoA: 3-Ketoacid CoA-Transferase Deficiency in a Saudi Girl
Authors: Alotaibi Maha 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder of ketone utilization and isoleucine catabolism caused by mutations in the OXCT1 gene,
Case: A Saudi girl case of SCOT deficiency confirmed by genetic analysis has been reported in this study. A 5-year-old girl presented to the emergency with the first episode of severe metabolic ketoacidosis after a febrile illness. On admission, she was drowsy lethargic, and severely dehydrated needs to admit in a highly dependent area. Initial investigations were done during the crisis showed refractory severe metabolic acidosis (pH of 7.18, HCO3- of 7.4 mmol/L), normal ammonia, lactic acidosis, and urine organic acid profile revealed elevations in 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. Genetic analysis was done by CentoMito Comprehensive (Large extended screening panel), sequencing of OXCT1 gene revealed that the proband is homozygous for the missense likely pathogenic variant c.1402C>T p.(Arg468Cys) confirming the diagnosis of SCOT deficiency.
Conclusion: This is the first Saudi child with succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency case report as searched in the literature. This case highlights the importance of suspecting SCOT deficiency in the differential diagnosis of pediatric metabolic ketoacidosis in preventing life-threatening of severe Metabolic ketoacidosis
Evaluating and implementing an opportunity for diversity and inclusion in case-based learning
Authors: Bowden Sylvie , Kirubarajan Abirami , Balbaa Amira , Berditchevskaia Inna , Freeman Sarah , Klostermann Natalie , Naguib Mariam , Kurabi Bochra , Law Marcus , Lazor Jana 
Published: April 2021

Implication Statement
Problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) often mention social identities only if this information is directly relevant to diagnosis, which can inadvertently perpetuate stereotypes in trainee learning. Using a student-developed resource entitled “Portraying Social Identities in Medical Curriculum: A Primer,” we analyzed cases for social identities, identified gaps, and proposed changes, including use of a validated name bank to reflect diversity as represented by local census data. Through this innovation, suggestions were provided to represent the social determinants of health in CBL cases. Other medical schools can use our innovation to improve the social diversity of their medical curriculums.
Добри практики за рехабилитация и физиотерапия в амбулаторни условия след COVID-19 вирусна пневмония
Authors: Иванов Златин , Симеонова Радостина 
Published: April 2021

Тази статия представлява обзор на научната медицинска литература към момента на темата физиотерапия и рехабилитация на COVID-19 пневмония в амбулаторни условия. Целта на публикацията е да покаже възможностите, които имат специалистите по физикална и рехабилитационна медицина в борбата с предотвратяването на или със самите усложнения на пневмония, дължаща се на новия тежък остър респираторен синдром коронавирус 2 (SARS-CoV-2) вирусен щам.
Представени са проучвания, обхващащи цялостната дейност на лекаря специалист по физикална и рeхaбилитационна медицина – лечебна физкултура, прилагане на ниско интензивно магнитно поле (НИМП), високо интензивно магнитно поле (ВИМП), както и на лазерната терапия в цялостния рехабилитационен процес на пациенти, прекарали COVID-19 пневмония. Заключенията потвърждават хипотезата за важната роля на лекарите по физикална и рехабилитационна медицина, която могат да имат във възстановяването на пациентите след прекарана COVID-19 пневмония, както и статистически значима полза от прилагането на гореописаните средства на физикалната медицина.
Compact Starburst Galaxies with Fast Outflows: Central Escape Velocities and Stellar Mass Surface Densities from Multiband Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
Authors: Diamond-Stanic Aleksandar M. , Moustakas John , Sell Paul H. , Tremonti Christy A. , Coil Alison L. , Davis Julie D. , Geach James E. , Gottlieb Sophia C. W. , Hickox Ryan C. , Kepley Amanda , Lipscomb Charles , Rines Joshua , Rudnick Gregory H. , Thompson Cristopher , Valdez Kingdell , Bradna Christian , Camarillo Jordan , Cinquino Eve , Ohene Senyo , Perrotta Serena , Petter Grayson C. , Rupke David S. N. , Umeh Chidubem , Whalen Kelly E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present multiband Hubble Space Telescope imaging that spans rest-frame near-ultraviolet through near-infrared wavelengths (

–1.1 μm) for 12 compact starburst galaxies at z = 0.4–0.8. These massive galaxies (

) are driving very fast outflows (

–3000 km s−1), and their light profiles are dominated by an extremely compact starburst component (half-light radius ∼ 100 pc). Our goal is to constrain the physical mechanisms responsible for launching these fast outflows by measuring the physical conditions within the central kiloparsec. Based on our stellar population analysis, the central component typically contributes ≈25% of the total stellar mass, and the central escape velocities

km s−1 are a factor of two smaller than the observed outflow velocities. This Requires physical mechanisms that can accelerate gas to speeds significantly beyond the central escape velocities, and it makes clear that these fast outflows are capable of traveling into the circumgalactic medium, and potentially beyond. We find central stellar densities

kpc−2 comparable to theoretical estimates of the Eddington limit, and we estimate

surface densities within the central kiloparsec comparable to those of compact massive galaxies at

. Relative to “red nuggets” and “blue nuggets” at

, we find significantly smaller r

e
values at a given stellar mass, which we attribute to the dominance of a young stellar component in our sample and the better physical resolution for rest-frame optical observations at

versus

. We compare to theoretical scenarios involving major mergers and violent disk instability, and we speculate that our galaxies are progenitors of power-law ellipticals in the local universe with prominent stellar cusps.
Detecting Reconnection Sites Using the Lorentz Transformations for Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Lapenta Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We take a pragmatic definition of reconnection to find locations where a reconnection electric field causes an
E
×
B
drift that carries two components of the magnetic field toward their elimination. With this in mind as our target, we observe that such locations can be found using a new indicator: the velocity of the Lorentz transformation that eliminates two components of the local magnetic field. Serendipitously, the indicator naturally becomes subluminal in the close proximity of a point where two components of the magnetic field vanish and it is hard zero at the vanishing location. Everywhere else the velocity of this Lorentz frame change far exceeds the speed of light. This property can be quickly applied in practice because computing the frame change is a local operation that requires only the knowledge of the local magnetic and electric field: it can be applied in a simulation or in observational data from a field instrument. We further show that the points identified can be classified in six categories that extend the usual types of magnetic nulls to the case of 3D reconnection in the presence of a guide field. The approach is used to identify secondary electron-scale reconnection sites in a turbulent outflow from a primary reconnection site in a highly resolved massively parallel fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulation. Numerous points are found, and their detailed analysis is reported.
The Effect of the Approach to Gas Disk Gravitational Instability on the Rapid Formation of Gas Giant Planets. II. Quadrupled Spatial Resolution
Authors: Boss Alan P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Observations support the hypothesis that gas disk gravitational instability might explain the formation of massive or wide-orbit gas giant exoplanets. The situation with regard to Jupiter-mass exoplanets orbiting within ∼20 au is more uncertain. Theoretical models yield divergent assessments often attributed to the numerical handling of the gas thermodynamics. Boss used the β cooling approximation to calculate three-dimensional hydrodynamical models of the evolution of disks with initial masses of 0.091 M
⊙ extending from 4 to 20 au around 1 M
⊙ protostars. The models considered a wide range (1–100) of β cooling parameters and started from an initial minimum Toomre stability parameter of Q

i
= 2.7 (gravitationally stable). The disks cooled down from initial outer disk temperatures of 180 K to as low as 40 K as a result of the β cooling, leading to fragmentation into dense clumps, which were then replaced by virtual protoplanets (VPs) and evolved for up to ∼500 yr. The present models test the viability of replacing dense clumps with VPs by quadrupling the spatial resolution of the grid once dense clumps form, sidestepping in most cases VP insertion. After at least ∼200 yr of evolution, the new results compare favorably with those of Boss: similar numbers of VPs and dense clumps form by the same time for the two approaches. The results imply that VP insertion can greatly speed disk instability calculations without sacrificing accuracy.
Assessing the Formation of Solid Hydrogen Objects in Starless Molecular Cloud Cores
Authors: Levine W. Garrett , Laughlin Gregory 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The properties of the first-discovered interstellar object (ISO), 1I/2017 (‘Oumuamua), differ from both solar system asteroids and comets, casting doubt on a protoplanetary disk origin. In this study, we investigate the possibility that it formed with a substantial H2 ice component in the starless core of a giant molecular cloud. While interstellar solid hydrogen has yet to be detected, this constituent would explain a number of the ISO’s properties. We consider the relevant processes required to build decameter-sized, solid hydrogen bodies and assess the plausibility of growth in various size regimes. Via an energy balance argument, we find the most severe barrier to formation is the extremely low temperature required for the favorability of molecular hydrogen ice. However, if deposition occurs, we find that the turbulence within starless cores is conducive for growth into kilometer-sized bodies on sufficiently short timescales. Then, we analyze mass loss in the interstellar medium and determine the necessary size for a hydrogen object to survive a journey to the solar system as a function of ISO age. Finally, we discuss the implications if the H2 explanation is correct, and we assess the future prospects of ISO science. If hydrogen ice ISOs do exist, our hypothesized formation pathway would require a small population of porous, 100 μm dust in a starless core region that has cooled to 2.8 K via adiabatic expansion of the surrounding gas and excellent shielding from electromagnetic radiation and cosmic rays.
Introducing piXedfit: A Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting Code Designed for Resolved Sources
Authors: Abdurro’uf  , Lin Yen-Ting , Wu Po-Feng , Akiyama Masayuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present piXedfit, pixelized spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting, a Python package that provides tools for analyzing spatially resolved properties of galaxies using multiband imaging data alone or in combination with integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data. It has six modules that can handle all tasks in the spatially resolved SED fitting. The SED-fitting module uses the Bayesian inference technique with two kinds of posterior sampling methods: Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and random dense sampling of parameter space (RDSPS). We test the performance of the SED-fitting module using mock SEDs of simulated galaxies from IllustrisTNG. The SED fitting with both posterior sampling methods can recover physical properties and star formation histories of the IllustrisTNG galaxies well. We further test the performance of piXedfit modules by analyzing 20 galaxies observed by the CALIFA and MaNGA surveys. The data are comprised of 12-band imaging data from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer, SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE and the IFS data from CALIFA or MaNGA. The piXedfit package can spatially match (in resolution and sampling) the imaging and IFS data. By fitting only the photometric SEDs, piXedfit can predict the spectral continuum, Dn
4000, H
α
, and H
β
well. The star formation rate derived by piXedfit is consistent with that derived from H
α
emission. The RDSPS method gives equally good fitting results as the MCMC and is much faster. As a versatile tool, piXedfit is equipped with a parallel computing module for efficient analysis of large data sets and will be made publicly available (https://github.com/aabdurrouf/piXedfit).
Levetiracetam effectiveness as add-on therapy in Bulgarian patients with drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Viteva Ekaterina I. , Zahariev Zahari I. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: There are no reliable prospective studies on the effectiveness of LEV in Bulgarian adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Aim: The study aimed at conducting an open, prospective study on various aspects of levetiracetam (LEV) effectiveness in Bulgarian patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.&nbsp;
Materials and methods: The study was performed with patients with epilepsy recruited from those attending the Department of Neurology at the University Hospital in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The patients completed diaries about seizure frequency, severity, and adverse events. There were regular documented visits at 3 or 6 months during the first year of treatment with LEV and at 6 months afterwards, with dynamic assessment of seizure frequency, severity, adverse events, and EEG recordings.&nbsp;
Results: LEV was applied as an add-on therapy in 135 patients (86 males, mean age 35 years). There was a relatively mild and persisting dynamic improvement of seizure severity, a satisfactory seizure frequency reduction in 49.6% of participants, a persisting mean seizure frequency reduction (48-58%) from 6 to 36 months of treatment and a high responder rate (53-60%) during the same period. New seizure types (focal with impaired awareness with /without evolution to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures) occurred in 4 patients. There were adverse events (dizziness, memory impairment, aggressiveness, numbness, non-epileptic seizures, depression, anxiety, speech disturbances, visual hallucinations, sleepiness, pelvic muscles weakness, confusion, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, unstable gait, hair loss, acne, generalized rash) in 13.33% of patients.
Conclusions: LEV treatment is associated with: low and persisting improvement of seizure severity, a good and persisting improvement of seizure frequency, a possible worsening of seizure control, a possible appearance of new seizure types, a good safety and tolerability.
CONTINUOUS CULTURES OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ESTABLISHED IN TANZANIA FROM PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MALARIA
Authors: Urio Florence , Mkombachepa Matilda , Rwegasira Gration , Makene Twilumba , Ngasala Billy , Mselle Teddy , Makani Julie , Luzzatto Lucio 
Published: April 2021

Background: Malaria morbidity and mortality, almost entirely from Plasmodium falciparum, are still rampant in Africa: therefore, it is important to study the biology of the parasite and the parasite-host cell interactions. In vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum is most useful for this purpose, as well as for investigating drug resistance and possible new therapies. Here we report that the Trager & Jensen continuous culture of P. falciparum can be established in a laboratory in Tanzania with minimal facilities and with modest expenditure.
Methodology: This was an in-vitro set up of continuous culture of Plasmodium falciparum study, carried out in 2016-2020 at Muhimbili university of health and allied sciences, Dar-es salaam. Parasite samples were obtained from patients with acute malaria, frozen parasites, and live cultures. Data was collected and analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 8.
Results: We have successfully achieved exponential growth of existing strains that are used worldwide, as well as of parasites in clinical samples from patients with acute malaria. In the aim to optimize growth we have compared human serum and bovine serum albumin as components of the culture media. Additionally, culture synchronization has been achieved using sorbitol.
Conclusion: This experimental system is now available to our institution and to researchers aiming at investigating drug sensitivity and mechanisms of protection against Plasmodium falciparum that accrue from various genes expressed in red cells.
Biology's Contributions to Social Psychiatry's Future
Authors: Becker Robert E. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To create conditions favorable to social psychiatry overcoming constraints on the range of interventions that psychiatry makes available to patients and communities.

Methods:
The author reviewed the history of psychiatry's range of practices, research, and training from mid-20th century to present and social concerns with future risks to mental health and well-being. Using Medline, Google, legislative sources, and major news reports, he ascertained the relationships among psychiatric activities, social policies, community resources, and public attitudes toward sciences relevant to health care.

Results:
Since mid-20th century, psychiatry has become increasingly evidence based in molecular and related fields of biology. After mid-20th century, this biological turn eclipsed social psychiatry functions quickly in the United States with the withdrawal of federal public funding and a constriction of commercial funding for patient care. By the 21st century, professional priorities and governmental federalist funding priorities precluded most psychiatric activities beyond office and hospital-based patient care. With these shifts, American psychiatry did not support social psychiatry practices and other international needs for mental health services. Modern biologically oriented psychiatry limits its future abilities to meet national and international social psychiatry needs by not calling upon 21st century evolutionary biological. By fostering balance and integration among individuals, populations, environments, and a group's historical cultural heritage, Darwin's biology validates social psychiatry adapting a full range of primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive mental health-care services, training, and research resources to meet individual and population's needs.

Conclusions:
A community's needs define psychiatry's social role in health care. Evolutionary biology promises social psychiatry a comprehensive conceptual grounding focused on how an individual and population affect and are affected by their environments and histories. Without this broad scientific foundation, psychiatry may forfeit the opportunity to gain public trust of how science comprehensively informs and supports human health and well-being.
KHẢO SÁT ĐIỀU KIỆN NUÔI CẤY ĐỂ NÂNG CAO KHẢ NĂNG KHÁNG KHUẨN CỦA CÁC CHỦNG Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Tiên Nguyễn Thị Thủy , Hiền Lê Thị Thu , Ngân Trần Thị Lệ , Trung Trần Văn , Thúc Nguyễn Thị , Oanh Trần Thị Kim 
Published: April 2021

Streptomyces là những vi sinh vật có khả năng sinh tổng hợp các chất kháng sinh. Nghiên cứu này nhằm sàng lọc và chọn chủng có khả năng kháng khuẩn cao nhất từ 59 chủng Streptomyces có nguồn gốc từ đất đã được cung cấp dựa trên phương pháp cấy vạch vuông góc đối với 5 vi khuẩn gây bệnh chỉ thị, bao gồm Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus và Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mười lăm chủng thể hiện hoạt tính kháng khuẩn ở các mức độ khác nhau, các chủng còn lại không thể hiện khả năng kháng. Chủng có khả năng kháng khuẩn cao nhất là HĐM3.2, kháng 4/5 vi khuẩn chỉ thị đã sử dụng, gồm B. cerius, S. aureus, S. typhi và E. coli với kích thước vùng kháng đạt 9,5, 10,5, 16,5 và 14,5 mm. Chủng HĐM3.2 được xác định là chủng Streptomyces sp. dựa trên cây phát sinh loài đã xây dựng của trình tự gene 16S rRNA. Điều kiện nuôi cấy để chủng HĐM3.2 thể hiện hoạt tính kháng khuẩn cao nhất đã được khảo sát dựa trên phương pháp khuếch tán qua giếng thạch. Môi trường International Streptomyces Project 2 có pH 8, nhiệt độ nuôi cấy 28oC là điều kiện thích hợp để chủng Streptomyces sp. HĐM3.2 tạo ra vùng ức chế các loại vi khuẩn B. cereus, E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus cao nhất.
ABSTRACT
Streptomyces is the microorganism that has capable of producing antibiotics. The current study aimed to screen and to select a strain that had the highest antibacterial activity from 59 available soil-derived Streptomyces strains based on the perpendicular culture method on 5 indicator pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus và Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fourteen strains exhibited their antibacterial activity at various levels, the remaining did not have that activity. The strain that had the highest antibacterial ability was HĐM3.2 against 4/5 indicator microorganisms, including B. cerius, S. aureus, S. typhi and E. coli with inhibitory areas were 9.5, 10.5, 16.5, and 14.5 mm respectively. Strain HĐM3.2 was identified as strain Streptomyces sp. based on a phylogenetic tree built on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Suitable conditions that made the strain HĐM3.2 showed the highest antibacterial activity were investigated based on agar well diffusion assay. The medium of International Streptomyces Project 2 with pH 8, the ambient temperature at 28oC were suitable conditions for Streptomyces sp. HĐM3.2 produced the highest inhibitory areas against B. cereus, E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus.
TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA VIỆC THU HỒI ĐẤT ĐỂ XÂY DỰNG NHÀ MÁY ĐIỆN MẶT TRỜI ĐẾN CHĂN THẢ GIA SÚC CỦA CỘNG ĐỒNG ĐỊA PHƯƠNG Ở XÃ CHƯ GU, HUYỆN KRÔNG PA, TỈNH GIA LAI
Authors: Tạo Trần Sáng 
Published: April 2021

Nghiên cứu tác động của việc thu hồi đất để xây dựng nhà máy điện mặt trời đến chăn thả gia súc của cộng đồng đã được tiến hành tại xã Chư Gu, huyện Krông Pa, tỉnh Gia Lai năm 2018. Phương pháp nghiên cứu đánh giá nông thôn có sự tham gia đã được sử dụng tại 4 thôn, buôn bị ảnh hưởng bởi nhà máy. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy bò, dê là tài sản quí, được sử dụng trong các nghi lễ quan trọng của người dân tộc Jrai. Việc chuyển nhượng 7,2 ha đất để xây dựng nhà máy điện mặt trời đã tác động trực tiếp đến chăn thả gia súc, giảm lượng thức ăn tính theo vật chất khô 49,26 tấn/năm, làm giảm tiếp cận đến khu vực chăn thả phía sau, tăng lượng thức ăn thêm tại chuồng (rơm: 1,2 lần, cỏ trồng: 1,36 lần, cỏ cắt: 1,26 lần) so với năm 2017. Dự án đã làm mâu thuẫn liên quan đến chăn thả bò gia tăng, người dân không còn kết hợp được việc chăn thả và lấy củi, tai nạn đuối nước xảy ra nhiều hơn vào mùa mưa và tai nạn giao thông có xu thế gia tăng trên Quốc lộ 25. Khi nhà máy điện đi vào hoạt động, số lượng gia súc của 4 thôn, buôn giảm đáng kể, trong đó bò giảm 9,32% và dê giảm tới 42,13% so với đàn gia súc năm 2016.
ABSTRACT
The research on the impact of land acquisition to build Solar Power Station on community grazing lands was conducted in Chu Gu Commune, Krong Pa District, Gia Lai Province in 2018. The survey was carried out by using the participatory rural appraisal in 4 hamlets under the project area. The result indicated that cattle, goats are valuable assets, used in important festivals of the Jrai people. The land acquisition of 7.2 ha to build the Solar Power Station has a direct impact on grazing capacity, including reducing feed input of 49.26 tones dry matter/year, reducing access to the hill behind, increasing the number of feed supplements at the barn (rice straw: 1.2 times, elephant grass: 1.36 times, natural grass cut: 1.26 times) compared to 2017. The project also increased conflicts related to grazing that local people can no longer combine with grazing and firewood collection, drowning accident happened more and more in the rainy season and traffic accidents tended to increase on Highway 25. When the project operated, the number of animals in 4 hamlets decreased remarkably, of which cattle decreased by 9.32% and goats decreased by 42.13% compared to 2016.