bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Resin Dentin Interface using Universal and Total- Etch Adhesive Systems on Sound and Eroded Dentin: In Vitro Study
Authors: Kanniappan Ghayathri , Hari Padmini , Jujare Ravikanth H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the resin-dentin interface of sound and eroded dentin using universal and total-etch adhesive systems.
Materials and Methods Forty caries-free extracted human premolars were collected, and the occlusal surfaces were ground by using slow speed diamond disc with copious water supply until a flat superficial dentin was exposed. The test group underwent erosive cycle (n = 20), and another group (n = 20) was reserved for control group. Erosive protocol consisted of immersion in 1.23% citric acid for 1 minute every 12 hours and stored in artificial saliva. Both the control and eroded teeth were further subdivided (n = 10) for composite restoration by using either self-etch or total-etch systems. Then the tooth samples were sectioned longitudinally and observed under confocal laser scanning microscope at ×10 magnification to evaluate resin tag length and hybrid layer thickness.
Statistical Analysis The data obtained were analyzed by using independent t-test.
Results The highest mean value of the resin tag length and thickness of hybrid layer was observed with total-etch system in sound dentin group compared with other groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The resin-dentin interface of sound dentin was found to be better than eroded dentin by using total-etch system. The resin-dentin interface of eroded dentin was superior to sound dentin by using self-etch adhesive system.
Diabetic Hand Infections: Factors at Presentation Influencing Amputation and Number of Surgical Procedures
Authors: Ramkumar Sanjai , Periasamy Madhu , Bhardwaj Praveen , Bharathi R Ravindra , Mohan Monusha , Sabapathy S Raja 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Diabetic hand infections are associated with significant morbidity and disability. Amputations cause permanent disability, and multiple surgical procedures lead to morbidity. Diabetic foot infections have been well-studied but literature on hand infections is limited. We undertook a retrospective study of patients with diabetic hand infections operated at our center to study the factors at presentation with significant association with amputation and number of surgical procedures.
Patients and Methods Demographic data of 51 patients was collected. The six parameters, namely, duration of diabetes, “onset of symptoms to presentation” interval, presence of comorbidities, HbA1c level, random blood sugar (RBS) levels at admission, and culture characteristics were selected for statistical analysis to find a relationship with the two outcome variables: number of procedures done and need for amputation.
Results On bivariate analysis, Gram-negative infection was found to have a significant relationship with the need for multiple of procedures (p = 0.014). The mean difference between the “onset of symptoms to presentation” interval between the amputation/non-amputation groups (2.9 days, p = 0.04) and the multiple procedures/non-multiple procedure groups (4.4 days, p = 0.02) was found to be statistically significant. Presence of comorbidities, long duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and RBS levels at admission did not show any statistically significant association with the two outcome variables studied.
Conclusion In the present study, we found that infection with Gram-negative organisms is significantly related to the need for multiple surgical procedures. A delay in presentation can influence the risk of amputation as well as multiple procedures. Institution of early appropriate care is important to get a good outcome.
Tratamento da braquimetatarsia por distração osteogênica com fixador externo monolateral
Authors: Machado Filho Adriano , Costa Gabriel Fonseca de Oliveira , Faria Aryell Assis dos Santos , Leão Gustavo Teixeira , Martins Jefferson Soares 
Published: October 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Descrever o perfil dos pacientes e os resultados obtidos com o uso de fixador externo para alongamento de metatarso em braquimetatarsia.
Métodos Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes com braquimetatarsia tratados entre janeiro de 2018 e abril de 2020. Durante este período, foram operados oito pés de seis pacientes. Foram coletadas e estimadas as frequências em relação a aspectos demográficos e cirúrgicos.
Resultados Todas as pacientes (100%; n = 6) eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 28 anos, variando de 15 a 48 anos, e motivadas a buscar o serviço de ortopedia em função da deformidade estética. O acometimento era bilateral em duas pacientes e unilateral em quatro pacientes. O tempo médio de alongamento foi de 22 dias ( ± 7,15; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 19,04–26,81). A velocidade de alongamento foi de 0,5 mm/dia e o comprimento médio total do alongamento foi de 11,46 mm ( ± 3,57; IC95%: 9,52–13,40). Metade das pacientes (50%; n = 3) teve infecção local dos pinos e foi tratada com antibióticos; as demais não relataram nenhuma complicação pós-cirúrgica. As pacientes negaram dor ou calosidade após o procedimento cirúrgico e relataram satisfação com os resultados.
Conclusão Todas as pacientes eram do sexo feminino e buscaram a cirurgia para braquimetatarsia por motivos estéticos. A distração osteogênica a uma taxa de 0,5 mm/dia resultou em alongamento bem-sucedido do metatarso, com uma baixa frequência de complicações, bons resultados clínicos e alta satisfação das pacientes.
Internet Survey of Participant Demographics and Risk Factors for Injury in Competitive Agility Dogs
Authors: Evanow Jennifer A. , VanDeventer Gretchen , Dinallo Gina , Mann Sabine , Frye Christopher W. , Wakshlag Joseph J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for an agility dog becoming injured during its career. We hypothesized that certain factors involved with the training, competition, age, sex, age of neuter, body condition, and management could be associated with the risk for injury.Study Design The outcome of interest in this cross-sectional survey design was injury versus no injury, and an initial univariable analysis screening was performed. All variables with a p-value of less than 0.20 in univariable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Manual backward stepwise removal was performed until remaining variables had a p-value of less than 0.05.Results Five-hundred responses were included in the analysis. In the final multivariable model adjusting for all other variables, breed, age, age at neuter, and level of competition remained associated with injury in the study population.Conclusion These findings support existing literature on the predispositions for injury with certain breeds and competition level. Our study further suggests, however, that there is a need to better understand how health decisions earlier in life may affect the prevalence for injury in the agility competitor, particularly regarding age at neutering and age of the competitor.
Detrusor overactivity assessment using ultrasound bladder vibrometry
Authors: Rosen David P , Husmann Douglas A , Mynderse Lance A , Kelly Troy F , Alizad Azra , Fatemi Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Detrusor overactivity (DO) is a urodynamic observation characterized by fluctuations in detrusor pressure (P
det) of the bladder. Although detecting DO is important for the management of bladder symptoms, the invasive nature of urodynamic studies (UDS) makes it a source of discomfort and morbidity for patients. Ultrasound bladder vibrometry (UBV) could provide a direct and noninvasive means of detecting DO, due to its sensitivity to changes in elasticity and load in the bladder wall. In this study, we investigated the feasibility and applying UBV toward detecting DO. Approach. UBV and urodynamic study (UDS) measurements were collected in 76 neurogenic bladder patients (23 with DO). Timestamped group velocity squared (

c

g

2

) data series were collected from UBV measurements. Concurrent P
det data series were identically analyzed for comparison and validation. A processing approach is developed to separate transient fluctuations in the data series from the larger trend of the data and a DO index is proposed for characterizing the transient peaks observed in the data. Main Results. Applying the DO index as a classifier for DO produced sensitivities and specificities of 0.70 and 0.75 for

c

g

2

data series and 0.70 and 0.83 for P
det data series respectively. Significance. It was found that DO can be feasibly detected from data series of timestamped UBV measurements. Collectively, these initial results are promising, and further refinement to the UBV measurement process is likely to improve and clarify its capabilities for noninvasive detection of DO.
Categorical representation learning: morphism is all you need
Authors: Sheshmani Artan , You Yi-Zhuang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We provide a construction for categorical representation learning and introduce the foundations of ‘categorifier’. The central theme in representation learning is the idea of everything to vector. Every object in a dataset

S

can be represented as a vector in

R

n

by an encoding map

E
:

O

b
j
(

S

)
→

R

n

. More importantly, every morphism can be represented as a matrix

E
:

H

o
m
(

S

)
→

R

n

n

. The encoding map E is generally modeled by a deep neural network. The goal of representation learning is to design appropriate tasks on the dataset to train the encoding map (assuming that an encoding is optimal if it universally optimizes the performance on various tasks). However, the latter is still a set-theoretic approach. The goal of the current article is to promote the representation learning to a new level via a category-theoretic approach. As a proof of concept, we provide an example of a text translator equipped with our technology, showing that our categorical learning model outperforms the current deep learning models by 17 times. The content of the current article is part of a US provisional patent application filed by QGNai, Inc.
A case report of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) associated with heart failure
Authors: Mittal Nitish , Abohelwa Mostafa , Brogan Joshua , Nichols Jacob 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a systemic inflammatory condition where various body organs, such as the heart, kidney, gastrointestinal organs, become inflamed. Several cases have been reported in children linking MIS-C with novel corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19); however, few cases have been reported in adults [multi-system inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A)].

Case summary
A case of a 20-year-old male patient with a history of COVID-19 infection 2 months before presentation who presented with fever and acute right lower quadrant pain. Workup revealed right-sided mesenteric lymphadenopathy and mild colitis that was non-responsive to antibiotics. The patient was found to have significantly elevated inflammatory markers. He also developed myocarditis resulting in acute systolic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The diagnosis of MIS-A was made by exclusion. The patient showed improvement with intravenous immunoglobulin and pulse steroids. Based on the available literature, MIS-C was defined till the age of 21; however, we think it is a misnomer for adults more than 18. Hence, we prefer to use MIS-A for our patient.

Conclusion
It is essential to diagnose and treat patients with the multi-system inflammatory syndrome at an early stage; the management of these patients, especially with heart disease, should include immune-modulatory therapy as well as guideline-directed therapy.
Unconventional treatment of a giant coronary aneurysm presenting as ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Barioli Alberto , Pellizzari Nicola , Favero Luca , Cernetti Carlo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The optimal treatment of aneurysmal or ectatic culprit vessels in the setting of acute myocardial infarction is still matter of debate, as revascularization with either percutaneous intervention or surgery is associated with low procedural success and poor outcomes.

Case summary
We report the case of a 55-year-old male patient, admitted for inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction, who underwent successful percutaneous implantation of a micro-mesh self-expanding nitinol carotid stent in a right coronary aneurysm with intravascular ultrasonography measured diameter of 9 mm and massive thrombus apposition.

Discussion
The technical characteristics of the micro-mesh self-expanding nitinol carotid stent allow for adequate plaque coverage and good apposition even in large vessels, making this device particularly suitable for the treatment of coronary lesions with high thrombus burden, when severe coronary ectasia or aneurysms are present.
Motivational interviewing as a new approach to improve outcome through self-care behavioural changes in advanced heart failure patient: a case report
Authors: Sakane Kazushi , Kanzaki Yumiko , Ito Takahide , Hoshiga Masaaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA lack of adherence and inadequate self-care behaviours are common reasons for recurrent hospitalizations among patients with heart failure (HF). Although patients recognize the importance of HF self-care, it is sometimes difficult to correct their behavioural patterns. Motivational interviewing is a communication technique to resolve ambivalence towards changing behaviour, and it has been widely used to promote behavioural changes and improve outcomes in various chronic diseases. We described a case of advanced HF with reduced ejection fraction in which motivational interviewing lead to stabilize the patient’s condition.Case summary A 33-year-old man was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy who experienced repeated episodes of HF requiring hospitalization despite optimal guideline-based HF treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography disclosed a severely reduced left ventricular (LV) contraction (LV ejection fraction 18%) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing disclosed markedly reduced functional capacity and increased ventilatory response (peak VO2 of 10.7 mL/min/kg, predicted peak VO2 of 34.7% and VE/VCO2 slope of 35.2). In this case, poor adherence to self-care such as excessive fluid intake and excessive daily activities after hospital discharge was the main cause of recurrent hospitalization for HF. Despite repeated patient education to correct his diet and lifestyle, he could not change his lifestyle behaviour. However, motivational interviewing dramatically helped stabilize the patient’s condition and prevent HF re-hospitalization.Discussion In general, patients with advanced HF and reduced ejection fraction despite optimal medical therapy should be evaluated to assess their eligibility of cardiac transplantation or palliative care. Motivational interviewing might represent a new therapeutic approach for stabilizing and preventing HF through self-care behavioural changes, even in patients with advanced HF and severely reduced ejection fraction.
Population genomics of Drosophila suzukii reveal longitudinal population structure and signals of migrations in and out of the continental United States
Authors: Lewald Kyle M , Abrieux Antoine , Wilson Derek A , Lee Yoosook , Conner William R , Andreazza Felipe , Beers Elizabeth H , Burrack Hannah J , Daane Kent M , Diepenbrock Lauren , Drummond Francis A , Fanning Philip D , Gaffney Michael T , Hesler Stephen P , Ioriatti Claudio , Isaacs Rufus , Little Brian A , Loeb Gregory M , Miller Betsey , Nava Dori E , Rendon Dalila , Sial Ashfaq A , Bezerra da Silva Cherre S , Stockton Dara G , Van Timmeren Steven , Wallingford Anna , Walton Vaughn M , Wang Xingeng , Zhao Bo , Zalom Frank G , Chiu Joanna C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Drosophila suzukii, or spotted-wing drosophila, is now an established pest in many parts of the world, causing significant damage to numerous fruit crop industries. Native to East Asia, D. suzukii infestations started in the United States a decade ago, occupying a wide range of climates. To better understand invasion ecology of this pest, knowledge of past migration events, population structure, and genetic diversity is needed. In this study, we sequenced whole genomes of 237 individual flies collected across the continental United States, as well as several sites in Europe, Brazil, and Asia, to identify and analyze hundreds of thousands of genetic markers. We observed strong population structure between Western and Eastern US populations, but no evidence of any population structure between different latitudes within the continental United States, suggesting that there are no broad-scale adaptations occurring in response to differences in winter climates. We detect admixture from Hawaii to the Western United States and from the Eastern United States to Europe, in agreement with previously identified introduction routes inferred from microsatellite analysis. We also detect potential signals of admixture from the Western United States back to Asia, which could have important implications for shipping and quarantine policies for exported agriculture. We anticipate this large genomic dataset will spur future research into the genomic adaptations underlying D. suzukii pest activity and development of novel control methods for this agricultural pest.
Functional requirements of protein kinases and phosphatases in the development of the Drosophila melanogaster wing
Authors: Ostalé Cristina M , Esteban Nuria , López-Varea Ana , de Celis Jose F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Protein kinases and phosphatases constitute a large family of conserved enzymes that control a variety of biological processes by regulating the phosphorylation state of target proteins. They play fundamental regulatory roles during cell cycle progression and signaling, among other key aspects of multicellular development. The complement of protein kinases and phosphatases includes approximately 326 members in Drosophila, and they have been the subject of several functional screens searching for novel components of signaling pathways and regulators of cell division and survival. These approaches have been carried out mostly in cell cultures using RNA interference to evaluate the contribution of each protein in different functional assays and have contributed significantly to assign specific roles to the corresponding genes. In this work, we describe the results of an evaluation of the Drosophila complement of kinases and phosphatases using the wing as a system to identify their functional requirements in vivo. We also describe the results of several modifying screens aiming to identify among the set of protein kinases and phosphatases additional components or regulators of the activities of the epidermal growth factor and insulin receptors signaling pathways.
Genome-wide phenotypic RNAi screen in theDrosophilawing: phenotypic description of functional classes
Authors: López-Varea Ana , Vega-Cuesta Patricia , Ruiz-Gómez Ana , Ostalé Cristina M , Molnar Cristina , Hevia Covadonga F , Martín Mercedes , Organista Maria F , de Celis Jesus , Culí Joaquín , Esteban Nuria , de Celis Jose F 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Drosophila genome contains approximately 14,000 protein-coding genes encoding all the necessary information to sustain cellular physiology, tissue organization, organism development, and behavior. In this manuscript, we describe in some detail the phenotypes in the adult fly wing generated after knockdown of approximately 80% of Drosophila genes. We combined this phenotypic description with a comprehensive molecular classification of the Drosophila proteins into classes that summarize the main expected or known biochemical/functional aspect of each protein. This information, combined with mRNA expression levels and in situ expression patterns, provides a simplified atlas of the Drosophila genome, from housekeeping proteins to the components of the signaling pathways directing wing development, that might help to further understand the contribution of each gene group to wing formation.
Genome-wide phenotypic RNAi screen in theDrosophilawing: global parameters
Authors: López-Varea Ana , Ostalé Cristina M , Vega-Cuesta Patricia , Ruiz-Gómez Ana , Organista María F , Martín Mercedes , Hevia Covadonga F , Molnar Cristina , de Celis Jesús , Culi Joaquim , Esteban Nuria , de Celis Jose F 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe have screened a collection of UAS-RNAi lines targeting 10,920 Drosophila protein-coding genes for phenotypes in the adult wing. We identified 3653 genes (33%) whose knockdown causes either larval/pupal lethality or a mutant phenotype affecting the formation of a normal wing. The most frequent phenotypes consist of changes in wing size, vein differentiation, and patterning, defects in the wing margin and in the apposition of the dorsal and ventral wing surfaces. We also defined 16 functional categories encompassing the most relevant aspect of each protein function and assigned each Drosophila gene to one of these functional groups. This allowed us to identify which mutant phenotypes are enriched within each functional group. Finally, we used previously published gene expression datasets to determine which genes are or are not expressed in the wing disc. Integrating expression, phenotypic and molecular information offers considerable precision to identify the relevant genes affecting wing formation and the biological processes regulated by them.
Reconstruction of human genome evolution in yeast: an educational primer for use with “systematic humanization of the yeast cytoskeleton discerns functionally replaceable from divergent human genes”
Authors: Brzáčová Zuzana , Peťková Mária , Veljačiková Katarína , Zajičková Terézia , Tomáška Ľubomír 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The evolution of eukaryotic organisms starting with the last eukaryotic common ancestor was accompanied by lineage-specific expansion of gene families. A paper by Garge et al. provides an excellent opportunity to have students explore how expansion of gene families via gene duplication results in protein specialization, in this case in the context of eukaryotic cytoskeletal organization . The authors tested hypotheses about conserved protein function by systematic “humanization” of the yeast cytoskeletal components while employing a wide variety of methodological approaches. We outline several exercises to promote students’ ability to explore the genomic databases, perform bioinformatic analyses, design experiments for functional analysis of human genes in yeast and critically interpret results to address both specific and general questions.