Studi Penjalaran Gelombang Laut di Pulau Panjang, Kabupaten Jepara
Authors: Putra Tri Widya Laksana , Zainuri Muhammad , Sugianto Denny Nugroho 
Published: February 2021

Pulau Panjang terletak di sebelah barat pantai Kota Jepara memiliki luas wilayah teritorial 30 Ha dan dimanfaatan sebagai wisata pulau, wisata ziarah, dan lokasi penangkapan ikan. Kombinasi kondisi gelombang ekstrim dan air pasang mengakibatkan tekanan kuat di pesisir Pulau Panjang sehingga menimbulkan kerusakan pada fasilitas wisata. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, diperlukan adanya analisis mengenai karakteristik penjalaran gelombang laut untuk menunjang segala jenis kegiatan masyarakat. Analisis penjalaran gelombang dilakukan melalui pendekatan pemodelan numerik hidrodinamika dua dimensi (two-dimensional hydrodynamic model). Data primer yang digunakan adalah data pengukuran langsung nilai gelombang menggunakan instrument Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler dan pengukuran langsung data batimetri menggunakan instrument single-beam echosounder. Data sekunder meliputi data angin (1999 – 2019) yang didapatkan dari portal unduh data di www.ogimet.com, data pasang surut BMKG dan data batimetri dari Badan Informasi Geospasial. Tinggi gelombang signifikan (Hs) dan periode signifikan (Ts) didapatkan dari konversi data angin menjadi nilai Hs dan Ts dengan metode DNS. Nilai Hs dan Ts maksimal setiap arah mata angin mmenjadi input perhitungan model hidrdodinamika. Hasil spasial penjalaran gelombang tertinggi terjadi pada arah datang gelombang dari arah timur laut, tenggara dan barat. Penjalaran gelombang di Pulau Panjang menciptakan daerah terlindung di sisi seberang dari arah datang gelombang dan saat gelombang endekati pantai penjalaran gelombang mengikuti kontur garis pantai diikuti dengan melemahnya kecepatan rambat gelombang. Panjang Island is located on the west coast of Jepara City and has a territorial area of 30 hectares and is used as island tourism, pilgrimage tours, and fishing locations. The combination of extreme wave conditions and high tide resulted in strong force on the coast of Panjang Island causing damage to tourist facilities. Based on this, it is necessary to have an characteristics analysis of the sea waves propagation to support all types of community activities. Analysis of the propagation of the waves was carried out using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model approach. The primary data used are direct measurement data of wave values using the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler instrument and direct measurement of bathymetric data using a single-beam echosounder instrument. Secondary data includes wind data (1999 - 2019) obtained from the data download portal at www.ogimet.com, BMKG tidal data and bathymetry data from the Geospatial Information Agency. Significant wave height (Hs) and significant period (Ts) are obtained from the conversion of wind data into Hs and Ts values using the DNS method. The maximum Hs and Ts values for each cardinal direction are the input for calculating the hydrodynamic model. The highest spatial results of wave propagation occur in the coming direction of waves from the northeast, southeast and west. The wave propagation in Panjang Island creates a protected area on the opposite side from the direction of the waves coming and when the waves approach the coast the propagation of the waves follow the contours of the coastline followed by a weakening of the wave propagation speed.