bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of high‐fat diets on body growth and bone mineral density, in growing rats
Authors: Friedman Silvia Maria , Macri Elisa Vanesa , Rodriguez Patricia Noemi , Juiz Natalia , Suarez Cristina Graciela , Chaves Macarena Maria Conzalez , Ponce Graciela , Zeni Susana Noemi , LifShitz Fima 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To investigate in growing rats, the effect of high‐fat diets with different n‐6/n‐3 fatty acids ratios, on body growth and parameters of bone densitometry. Weaning male Wistar rats (n=50) were fed ad libitum one of the following diets for 8 wk: control (C; fat=7% w/w) (AIN‐93G) or a high‐fat diet (20% w/w): soybean oil (SO), corn‐oil (CO), linseed oil (LO) or beef‐tallow (BT). Body weights (W) and lengths (L) were recorded every 4 days. W and L gain velocities were calculated (g W/100g W rat and L/10cm L rat, respectively). After 8 wk, rats were sacrificed. Total skeleton bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were evaluated by DXA using a Lunar DPX‐L. Spine BMD was determined. Groups were analyzed as: a) BT vs. SO, CO and LO; b) SO, CO and LO; c) C vs. SO.Results: a) BT achieved the lowest W, total skeleton BMC, BMC/W and spine BMD (P<0.0001); b) No significant differences were observed on anthropometric measurements, total skeleton BMC, BMD, BMC/W or spine BMD, but spine BMD on SO showed a tendency to a diminution (P=0.064); c) Anthropometric measurements, total skeleton BMC and BMD were similar but SO showed reductions of 10% on total BMC/W and spine BMD.Conclusion: The combination of adequate amounts of dietary fat and n‐6/n‐3 fatty acids ratio protects bone health and maintains body growth. Awarded by UBACyT O 003‐4.
Additive impairment of beta‐adrenoceptor‐mediated renal vasodilation by nicotine and cyclosporine
Authors: El‐gowilly Sahar M , Ghazal Abdel‐Rheem M , Goher Eman Y , El‐Mas Mahmoud M 
Published: June 2021

We tested the hypothesis that nicotine aggravates the deleterious effect of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine (CSA) on β‐adrenoceptor‐mediated renovascular control. The effect of nicotine alone or combined with CSA on isoprenaline vasodilation in phenylephrine‐preconstricted perfused rat kidneys was assessed. Bolus isoprenaline (0.25 μmol) caused 35.4±4.0% reduction in the phenylephrine‐induced tone, which was attenuated by propranolol and tetraethylammonium (TEA), potentiated by hexamethonium and diclophenac, and abolished in KCl‐preconstricted tissues. NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NNA), methylene blue, CHAPS, nifedipine, or SQ22,536 had no effect on isoprenaline vasodilation. Nicotine infusion caused 30.2±3.6% reduction in isoprenaline vasodilation and this effect was potentiated when CSA was concomitantly infused with nicotine. The effect of nicotine on isoprenaline vasodilation was reduced by hexamethonium and potentiated by L‐NNA, methylene blue, CHAPS, or nifedipine. The CSA exacerbation of nicotine‐isoprenaline interaction was abolished by propranolol, L‐NNA, methylene blue, CHAPS, L‐arginine, TEA, or nifedipine. It is concluded that nicotine and CSA produce additive impairment of β‐adrenoceptor‐mediated renovascular control and implicated the endothelial NO/K+ pathway in the interaction.Supported by Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. of Alexandria, Egypt.
The Effects of Aging on Microcirculatory Oxygen Delivery (QO2) in Contracting Rat Spinotrapezius Muscle
Authors: Copp Steven Wesley , Ferreira Leonardo F , Herspring Kyle F , Musch Timothy I , Poole David C 
Published: June 2021

Advancing age alters both the structural and functional determinants of convective muscle oxygen (O2) flux. However, capillary red blood cell (RBC) hemodynamics have not been investigated during contractions in muscles of older animals.Purpose:To test the hypothesis that, during muscle contractions, old rats exhibit capillary RBC hemodynamics that constrain convective muscle O2 flux.Methods:The spinotrapezius muscle was observed via intravital microscopy in 8 old (O: 26–30 months) and 5 young (Y: 6–8 months) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats. Electrodes elicited 1‐Hz (6–8 volts) contractions for 3 minutes. Capillary RBC flux (FRBC) and the lineal density of flowing capillaries (LD) were measured at rest and during contractions. QO2m was calculated as FRBC x LD.Results:At rest, FRBC was elevated (Y: 23 ± 3, O: 34 ± 3 cells/s, P < 0.05) and LD was reduced (Y: 30 ± 1, O: 24 ± 1 capillaries/mm, P < 0.05) in O compared to Y rats, resulting in a similar QO2m (Y: 723 ± 153, O: 773 ± 86 cells/s/mm). However, during contractions QO2m was reduced in O muscles (Y: 1615 ± 472, O: 781 ± 120 cells/s/mm, P < 0.05). In contrast to Y, during contractions O muscles exhibited stoppage of flow in some capillaries where continuous flow was observed at rest.Conclusion:These data indicate that capillary convective O2 flux is severely impaired in muscles of older animals.
Knockout of ATF1 leads to enhanced cardiac contractility and output
Authors: Matus Marek , Schulte Jan , Sur Huyen , Seidl Matthias , Schütz Günther , Schmitz Wilhelm , Müller Frank U. 
Published: June 2021

The transcriptional regulation by the CREB/CREM/ATF1 family factors presents an important cAMP‐dependent signalling pathway and it might contribute to the progression of heart failure. Activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) is expressed ubiquitously, however, its role in the heart remains unknown. To elucidate the cardiac consequences of ATF1 ablation, we studied the left ventricular (LV) function in adult animals (14–18 weeks old). LV catheterization and analysis of pressure‐volume loops showed increased maximal LV pressure (LVPmax), stroke work (SW) and cardiac output (CO) of ATF1−/− mice.Experiments on isolated adult cardiomyocytes confirmed these findings. The cell shortening of ATF1−/− cells was increased (3.9±0.9★ vs. 1.5±0.2 in ATF1+/+, n=10–11), whereby the calcium transient (CaT) amplitude was not significantly altered (★p<0.05 vs. ATF1+/+).Hence, the presence of ATF1 is essential for a regular cardiomyocyte function, however, the increased contractility of ATF1−/− hearts cannot be explained by increased Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Supported by DFG (MU1376/10‐3)
LOW SALT DIET DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION DEVELOPS OBESITY IN FEMALE ADULT OFFSPRING.
Authors: Lopes Karen Lucasechi , Furukawa Luzia Naoko Shinohara , Heimann Joel Claudio 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low salt diet during the perinatal period on adult offspring.Methods: Female Wistar rats were fed normal (NSD 1.3% NaCl) or low (LSD: 0.15% NaCl) salt diet from 8 to 18 weeks of age. At 12 weeks, they were matched. After birth, only 8 pups (4 males ‐ M and 4 females ‐ F) were kept and after weaning all offspring groups were fed standard chow. Body weight (BW) was measured at birth and every week thereafter. Adipose tissue mass and adiposity index (AI), adipocyte volume (AV), plasma leptin level (Lep) were measured in adult offspring (Off).Results (mean&SEM, (p<0.05) (n= 5): BW (g) was lower at the birth in LSD (M‐5.6±0.1 and F‐5.8±0.1) than in NSD Off (M‐6.5±0.1, F‐6.2±0.1). The Lep (ng/mL) was higher in LSD (5.3±0.1) than in NSD M Off (1.9±0.4), otherwise in LSD Lep was lower (1.7±0.6) than in NSD F Off (3.7±0.6) group. The AI was higher in LSD (8.3±0.6) compared to NSD F Off (6.3±0.6), but not in M Off. The retroperitoneal (RET) and brown adipose (BAT) tissue mass (g) were higher in LSD F Off compared to NSD F Off. AV (μm3) was higher in RET and lower in BAT in LSD compared to NSD F Off, but not in M Off.Conclusions: sex‐specific effects of salt restriction during the perinatal period on adult fat content and distribution were observed. These results are important, once they unraveled a previously unknown mechanism of intrauterine programming of adult obesity.Supported by FAPESP.
Agmatine inhibits growth via a cell cycle arrest and confers resistance to apoptosis
Authors: Arndt Mary Ann , Parisi Eva , Isome Masato , Satriano Joseph 
Published: June 2021

The arginine metabolite agmatine suppresses growth. Notably, this effect preferentially targets cells with high proliferative kinetics (Isome, et al, AJP, 2007). However, the mechanisms of this process have yet to be defined.Here we demonstrate via FACS analysis a dose dependent G1 phase cell cycle arrest with agmatine administration. Western blot evaluations of G1 cell cycle proteins demonstrate decreases in cyclin D1 expression, phosphorylation state of the retinoblastoma protein, and cyclin A expression. We observe induction of cyclin kinase inhibitors p16 and p21, but not p53.Agmatine administered to cultured cells results in neither necrosis nor apoptosis, as shown by DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation assays. Unexpectedly, agmatine decreases the expression and activity of caspase‐3 in a dose and time dependent fashion. Furthermore, agmatine inhibits the induction of caspase‐3 activity in response to apoptotic mediators, camptothecin and 5‐fluorouricil.CONCLUSIONS: Agmatine confers resistance to apoptosis and can suppress proliferation via a p53 independent cell cycle arrest. Aberrant apoptosis and/or proliferation are common pathologic complications. As previously shown in an in vivo model of glomerulonephritis (Ishizuka, JASN, 2000), agmatine may be a candidate for adjunctive therapy in renal disease.Funding: NIH/NIDDK, VA
Thermal acclimation confers no tolerance to acute temperature change in cardiac myocytes from bluefin tuna
Authors: Galli Gina Lucia Jane , Shiels Holly Alice , Block Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, make extensive horizontal and vertical migrations where they inhabit a broad range of thermal niches. Although tuna are capable of conserving metabolic heat, the hearts of these fishes operate at near ambient water temperatures, and must therefore be able to function at a broad range of temperatures.Study objectiveto investigate the effects of thermal acclimation and acute temperature change on aspects of sarcolemmal and intracellular calcium cycling in isolated cardiac myocytes from the Pacific bluefin tuna.MethodsAtrial and ventricular myocytes were isolated from bluefin tuna acclimated to either 15 or 23 °C, and the effect of experimental temperature (15, 19 and 23 °C) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum load (SRload) and L‐type calcium channel density (ICa) was assessed using whole‐cell voltage‐clamp.ResultsThermal acclimation has little effect on ICa or the ability of the SR to accumulate calcium. Acute reductions in temperature significantly decreased both ICa and SRload in atrial and ventricular myocytes from both acclimation temperatures.ConclusionsAcute reductions in temperature reduce calcium flux both across the sarcolemmal membrane and through the SR. This will place a significant burden on the heart of the diving bluefin tuna and may limit the amount of time these animals can spend in cold waters.
Dendritic Cell immuno‐activating receptor 1 – Characterization of a novel member of the C‐type Lectin family
Authors: Kaden Stefan A. , Vasters Katrin , Schmitz Juergen , Winkels Gregor 
Published: June 2021

C‐type lectins (CLEC) comprise a superfamily of cell surface proteins, whose multifunctional capacity has been shown to address both, innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we describe mDCAR1 a novel CLEC belonging to the recently defined murine dendritic cell (DC) immuno‐receptor (mDCIR)/DC immuno‐activating receptor (mDCAR) family.mDCAR1 expression was found to be restricted to mononuclear phagocytes in bone marrow. Extensive phenotypical characterization defined them as CCR2−CD62L−CX3CR1+Ly6C− cells, thereby belonging to the recently described ‘resident’ monocytes, which correspond to CD14+ CD16+ human monocytes. In contrast, the CCR2+CD62L+CX3CR1lowLy6C+ ‘inflammatory’ monocytes were mDCAR1−. Noteworthy, in thymus, mDCAR1 expression was found on CD11chighCD8alpha+CD205+CD11b−B220−BP‐1+ lymphoid‐related DC, which play an important role in central tolerance induction.With respect to the classical function of CLEC as antigen uptake receptors for pathogens and self‐proteins, mimicking the ligation of mDCAR1 by labeling with specific mAb shows the internalization of the mDCAR1/ligand complex. Crosslinking of mDCAR1 further initiates signal transduction resulting in tyrosine‐phosphorylation of proteins.The expression pattern of mDCAR1 and the evidence of a classical antigen‐uptake mechanism are first steps to uncover the role of this representative of the CLEC receptor family.
Energy Intake and HIV Disease Progression in Asymptomatic ARV‐Naive HIV+ Adults in Botswana
Authors: Baum Marianna K , Etengoff Kirstin , Marlink Richard , Rafie Carlin , Makhema Joseph , Burns Patricia , Thomas Ann , Tsalaile Lesedi , Sales Sabrina , Campa Adriana ,   Botswana Dikotlana Study Team
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAdequate nutrition is needed for optimal immune response. We examined the relationship of energy intake to disease progression in asymptomatic HIV+ adults in Botswana.MethodsAfter obtaining informed consent from 806 HIV+ adults, data on demographic and nutritional status were collected. Blood was drawn for CD4 cell count and viral load. 24‐hour dietary intakes were analyzed with the NutraBase Nutrition 7 program.ResultsOf 806 participants, 26.2% (N=211) were male. Their mean age was 34±8.1 years, mean BMI was 24.45±5.0 kg/m2, CD4 cell count 462.5±181 cells/μl, and viral load 4.1±0.89 log10 copies/mL. Increasing energy intake by 1000 kcal significantly predicts an increase of 20 CD4 cells (p=0.044) and a decrease of viral load by 0.14 log10 copies/mL (p=0.0089) after adjusting for age and gender using the Generalized Linear Model. Participants with adequate protein intake (≥46g for women and ≥56g for men), had significantly higher mean BMI (24.7±4.9) compared to those with inadequate intake (23.5±5.1, p=0.038).ConclusionsOverall calorie intake significantly predicted the indices of disease progression in an adult asymptomatic, ARV‐naïve HIV+ cohort in Botswana. Further research investigating the effect of dietary support on attenuating HIV disease progression is needed.SupportFunded by NIDA
Expression of lipid metabolism genes in skeletal muscle after weight loss in post‐obese insulin resistant dogs
Authors: Leray Veronique , Serisier Samuel , Nguyen Patrick 
Published: June 2021

Overweight and obesity are associated with insulin resistance, and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism in insulin target tissues. We have previously showed in dogs that a weight loss was accompanied by changes in the expression of lipogenesis and lipolysis in fat and liver. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss on insulin sensitivity and expression of these genes in skeletal muscle.Obese dogs were given a hypoenergetic diet in order to induce weight loss. When dogs were obese and then when they had reached their healthy body weight, insulin sensitivity was assessed using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. mRNA expression of IRS‐2, SREBP, ACC, FABP, ADRP, PEPCK, perilipin and HSL was semi‐quantified using real time RT‐PCR in skeletal muscle.Dogs' body weight was 25 % lower at the end of the slimming period compared to obese state. Insulin sensitivity was higher (+ 40 %). In skeletal muscle, the mRNA expression of perilipin and ADRP was significantly lower (− 50 %). The expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism did not change.These results showed a decrease in perilipin and ADRP expression, which could reflect the lower lipid content in skeletal muscle after weight loss. They also show that weight loss did not affect the expression of lipid metabolism genes in skeletal muscle, although insulin sensitivity recovery, contrary to our previous results in fat and liver.
Hyperleptinemia induced adiponectin resistance in rat skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Fang XiangPing , Fetros Joyce , Sweeney Gary 
Published: June 2021

Adiponectin and leptin have been shown to regulate energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, little is known regarding their signaling crosstalk. Hyperleptinemia is a common feature in human obesity and here we investigated effects of leptin (60 nM, 24 hours) on functions of recombinant globular (gAd) and full‐length multimers (fAd) of adiponectin in L6 skeletal muscle cells.Real‐time PCR showed that mRNA expression levels of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 were reduced after leptin treatment. Correspondingly, effects of both gAd and fAd on glucose and fatty acid uptake and oxidation were attenuated. AMPK is thought to be an important mediator of metabolic effects of adiponectin and here we showed that Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) pretreatment prevented stimulation of fatty acid uptake by fAd. Importantly, the activation of AMPK and ACC by gAd and fAd was attenuated by leptin. APPL1 was recently identified as an adaptor protein interacting with AdipoR and downstream targets such as Akt. Here we observed that leptin also regulated Ad‐stimulated binding of APPL1 to these targets.These results suggest that hyperleptinemia can induce resistance to gAd and fAd in skeletal muscle cells, possibly due to the reduction of AdipoR expression.
Molecular interactions regulating RIG‐I signaling to the innate antiviral response
Authors: Hiscott John , Paz Suzanne , Vilasco Myriam , Arguello Meztli , Lacoste Judith , Zhao Tiejun , Meurs Eliane , Lin Rongtuan 
Published: June 2021

Cytosolic sensing of incoming RNA virus infection is recognized by the DExD/H box RNA helicases RIG‐I and Mda5. The mitochondrial adaptor MAVS links sensing of viral RNA by RIG‐I/Mda5 to downstream signaling, resulting in the induction of pro‐inflammatory and antiviral genes by NF‐ κB and IRF respectively. We have demonstrated that NEMO, the adaptor of the IKK complex, induces activation of IRF3/7, acting downstream of RIG‐I and MAVS but upstream of TBK1/IKKε. NEMO requires TANK adaptor to mediate recruitment of the kinases and phosphorylation of IRF3/7. Thus, NEMO bridges the NF‐κB and IRF components of RIG‐I with the formation of a multimeric kinase complex.Ubiquitination plays a central role in regulating the activity of the RIG‐I pathway. MAVS undergoes K63 ubiquitination at a single Ser500 residue, adjacent to the MAVS transmembrane domain and a TRAF interacting motif (TIM). K63‐linked ubiquitination of MAVS mediates recruitment of IKKε, but not TBK1, to the mitochondrial compartment. Recruitment of TRAF3 to the C‐terminal TIM motif of MAVS is sterically hindered by IKKε, but is relieved by mutation of K500. Interestingly, the MAVS K500R mutant did not affect IFN gene activation, but rather appears to alter processing of NF‐κB2p100 in the non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway. Thus, MAVS ubiquitination provides another level at which to regulate the RIG‐I response to virus infection.This research was supported by grants from CIHR and NCIC.
Effect of a Spanish Diabetes Education on Dietary Changes and Diabetes Control
Authors: Salto Lorena , Beeson Lawrence , DeLeon Marino , Cordero‐MacIntyre Zaida 
Published: June 2021

O: To assess the impact of culturally appropriate and language‐sensitive diabetes education on diabetes control in a Hispanic diabetic cohort.M: Twenty six subjects (13 M & 13 F), ranging from 29–75 years, participated in a 3‐month study. Subjects were enrolled from San Bernardino and Riverside counties. Waist and hip circumferences were measured. The Kolmogorov‐Smirnov Test was used for normality and the Paired Samples T‐test to compare baseline and three‐month means. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear relationship between laboratory results and dietary changes (Southwestern FFQ).R: The group had a baseline fasting blood glucose mean of 158 mg/dL, a baseline HbA1c mean of 8.5%, and insulin mean of 14.7 uU/mL. There was a significant decrease in HbA1c % (8.5% ± 2.3 vs. 7.6%±1.6 p=.007) in both genders. There was a significant decrease in hip circumference (cm) (107.2±14 vs. 105.8±13 p=.044). Though not significant, there was also a decrease in FBG (158±83 vs. 152±77, p=0.558). There were significant correlations, at 3 months, between scale weight (kg) and dietary cholesterol (mg) (r=.456, p=.019), BMI (kg/m2) and dietary cholesterol (r=.404, p=.041), BMI and % calories from saturated fat (r=.424, p=.031), insulin (uU/mL) and supplement chromium use (r= −.451, p=.021).C: The program had a beneficial effect on dietary changes and blood sugar control.
Food insecurity is inversely associated with perceived diet quality and vegetable intake among impoverished women from rural Appalachian Ohio
Authors: Hazen Crystal L , Holben David H , Holcomb John P , Struble Celia J 
Published: June 2021

The effect of produce delivery on food security (FS) and produce intake/behaviors of food stamp‐eligible, rural Appalachian OH women with at least 1 child <18 years were examined using a pre/post pilot study. Intervention group [n=30, 90.0% retention rate (RR)] received $60 of home‐delivered produce for 4weeks, and control group (n=31, 93.9% RR) received $60 food/fuel gift cards. Groups (35+/‐9 years, 4+/‐2 household members, $913+/‐728 monthly income) did not differ (t‐test, P>0.05) at baseline. After 4 weeks, both household (t‐test, p=0.028) and adult (t‐test, p‐0.020) FS decreased among produce group. Child FS and produce intake/behaviors (perceived benefit of, barriers to, and control of produce access; amount of produce eaten; readiness to change produce intake) did not change (p>0.05). At completion (n=61), adult FS was associated with both greater vegetable intake (r=0.253, p=0.049) and perceived diet quality (rho=0.276, p=0.032). The short duration of the study, small sample size, and lack of nutrition education may have contributed to both the decrease in FS and poor diet. Future studies should incorporate ongoing nutrition education during a study of a longer time period.Grant Funding Source: Ohio University Research Challenge Award, Ohio University Diabetes Research Initiative
Induction of Snail family transcription factors on ultraviolet‐irradiated keratinocytes
Authors: Choi Changsun , Lee Bog‐Hieu 
Published: June 2021

Zinc finger transcription factors of the Snail family play critical roles in embryonic development, in cancer progression and metastasis, and in normal physiologic processes. During development, expression of the Snail family members Slug and Snail is largely driven by growth factor binding to receptor tyrosine kinases and subsequent stimulation of downstream signaling cascades. Our initial studies showed that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induced transient expression of Slug and Snail in cultured keratinocytes. Expression of Slug and Snail mRNA was stimulated by UVR in a dose‐dependent manner at physiological doses. Because growth factors have been shown to induce Snail family members through both MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) signaling pathways, we tested the contribution of these pathways to UVR induction of Slug and Snail in keratinocytes. In addition, because UVR is an environmental stressor, we also examined the role of the JNK stress response pathway in Snail family induction.Studies were performed using the 12F SCC human keratinocyte cell line, which was derived from a squamous cell carcinoma. Cells were allowed to reach confluence and serum‐starved for 48 hours. Two hours before UVR exposure, cells were pretreated with pharmacologic inhibitors (10 μM) of the MAPK pathway members MEK and p38, with an inhibitor of JNK activation, or with an inhibitor of the PI3‐K kinase pathway. Cells were exposed in PBS to 300 J/m2 UVR and harvested at 2 hours post‐exposure. Standard techniques were employed for RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative RT‐PCR. Levels of Slug and Snail mRNA were standardized to GAPDH levels and indexed to values in cells not exposed to UVR. Expression of Slug and Snail was significantly blocked by MAPK and PI‐3K pathways inhibitors. Inhibition of JNK activation had no effect on Slug induction.