bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Categorical Perception of Pitch Contours and Voice Onset Time in Mandarin-Speaking Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Chen Fei , Peng Gang 
Published: September 2021

PurposePrevious studies have shown enhanced pitch and impaired time perception in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it remains unclear whether such deviated patterns of auditory processing depending on acoustic dimensions would transfer to the higher level linguistic pitch and time processing. In this study, we compared the categorical perception (CP) of lexical tones and voice onset time (VOT) in Mandarin Chinese, which utilize pitch and time changes, respectively, to convey phonemic contrasts.MethodThe data were collected from 22 Mandarin-speaking adolescents with ASD and 20 age-matched neurotypical controls. In addition to the identification and discrimination tasks to test CP performance, all the participants were evaluated with their language ability and phonological working memory. Linear mixed-effects models were constructed to evaluate the identification and discrimination scores across different groups and conditions.ResultsThe basic CP pattern of cross-boundary benefit when perceiving both native lexical tones and VOT was largely preserved in high-functioning adolescents with ASD. The degree of CP of lexical tones in ASD was similar to that in typical controls, whereas the degree of CP of VOT in ASD was greatly reduced. Furthermore, the degree of CP of lexical tones correlated with language ability and digit span in ASD participants.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the unbalanced acoustic processing capacities for pitch and time can be generalized to the higher level linguistic processing in ASD. Furthermore, the higher degree of CP of lexical tones correlated with better language ability in Mandarin-speaking individuals with ASD.
Usability Testing of a mHealth System for Swallowing Therapy in Patients Following Stroke
Authors: Papadopoulos-Nydam Georgina , Rieger Jana Maureen , Constantinescu Gabriela 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability of a mobile health (mHealth) system designed for dysphagia exercise in persons with a history of stroke.

Method
Five participants with a history of stroke were recruited from a tertiary health center and assessed for their ability to use and interact with the system. After being introduced to the technology, participants were asked to independently complete five tasks, one at a time. Assistance was available when required or requested. Usability was evaluated with respect to effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction when completing the prespecified goals.

Results

Four men and one woman between the ages of 50 and 83 years (
M
= 65.4) completed the usability testing. Time from stroke onset varied from 1 month to 2.5 years. Additional poststroke challenges related to the usability of the mHealth system included reduced range of motion or mobility, vision, and short-term memory difficulties. Independent success (system effectiveness) varied in this user subgroup, and the research clinician or the family member was required to adjust the level and type of support they provided (system efficiency). All participants reported satisfaction with the use of the system.

Conclusion
Usability of and satisfaction with this mHealth system and others like it can be achieved in individuals who have had a stroke, either as an independent user or as a patient–caregiver dyad.
A bi‐level approach to load restoration strategy considering variant length of time steps
Authors: Sun Lei , Yang Zhichao , Li Mingming , Ding Ming , Liang Bomiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA bi‐level load restoration optimisation strategy is proposed for the transmission system with wind farm‐energy storage combined systems (WESs), taking the variant length of time steps into account. The upper level model is proposed to maximise weighted restored loads, and formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming model. After solving the upper model, the optimal load pickup and transmission line restoration scheme can be obtained and delivered to the lower level model. The lower level model adopts a non‐linear model to minimise the length of the current time step, which is delivered to the upper lever model. By iteratively solving the upper and lower level models, the optimal load pickup and transmission line restoration scheme as well as the optimal length of current time step can be obtained. To minimise the gap between the scheduled generation of the WES and its actual power generation, a real‐time energy storage (ES) dispatch strategy is proposed taking maximum charging‐discharging cycles of the ES into account. The entire load restoration strategy can be obtained by iteratively solving the proposed model with updated operational conditions of power systems. Finally, two test systems are employed to verify the validity and correctness of the proposed model.
Data-driven, time-dependent modeling of pre-eruptive coronal magnetic field configuration at the periphery of NOAA AR 11726
Authors: Lumme E. , Pomoell J. , Price D. J. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Kazachenko M. D. , Fisher G. H. , Welsch B. T. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Data-driven, time-dependent magnetofrictional modeling has proved to be an efficient tool for studying the pre-eruptive build-up of energy for solar eruptions, and sometimes even the ejection of coronal flux ropes during eruptions. However, previous modeling works have illustrated the sensitivity of the results on the data-driven boundary condition, as well as the difficulty in modeling the ejections with proper time scales.
Aims. We aim to study the pre- and post-eruptive evolution of a weak coronal mass ejection producing eruption at the periphery of isolated NOAA active region (AR) 11726 using a data-driven, time-dependent magnetofrictional simulation, and aim to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of our simulation approach.
Methods. We used state-of-the-art data processing and electric field inversion methods to provide the data-driven boundary condition for the simulation. We analyzed the field-line evolution, magnetic connectivity, twist, as well as the energy and helicity budgets in the simulation to study the pre- and post-eruptive magnetic field evolution of the observed eruption from AR11726.
Results. We find the simulation to produce a pre-eruptive flux rope system consistent with several features in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray observations of the eruption, but the simulation largely fails to reproduce the ejection of the flux rope. We find the flux rope formation to be likely driven by the photospheric vorticity at one of the footpoints, although reconnection at a coronal null-point may also feed poloidal flux to the flux rope. The accurate determination of the non-inductive (curl-free) component of the photospheric electric field boundary condition is found to be essential for producing the flux rope in the simulation.
Conclusions. Our results illustrate the applicability of the data-driven, time-dependent magnetofrictional simulations in modeling the pre-eruptive evolution and formation process of a flux rope system, but they indicate that the modeling output becomes problematic for the post-eruptive times. For the studied event, the flux rope also constituted only a small part of the related active region.
Islet Co-Expression of CD133 and ABCB5 in Human Retinoblastoma Specimens
Authors: Zschoche Marco , Skosyrski Sergej , Babst Neele , Ranjbar Mahdy , Rommel Felix , Kurz Maximilian , Tura Aysegül , Joachim Stephanie C. , Kociok Norbert , Kakkassery Vinodh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The role of CD133 und ABCB5 is discussed in treatment resistance in several types of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether
CD133+/ABCB5+ colocalization differs in untreated, in beam radiation treated, and in chemotherapy treated retinoblastoma specimens. Additionally, CD133, ABCB5,
sphingosine kinase 1, and sphingosine kinase 2 gene expression was analyzed in WERI-RB1 (WERI RB1) and etoposide-resistant WERI RB1 subclones (WERI ETOR).
Methods Active human untreated retinoblastoma specimens (n = 12), active human retinoblastoma specimens pretreated with beam radiation before enucleation (n = 8), and active human
retinoblastoma specimens pretreated with chemotherapy before enucleation (n = 7) were investigated for localization and expression of CD133 and ABCB5 by immunohistochemistry. Only specimens
with IIRC D, but not E, were included in this study. Furthermore, WERI RB1 and WERI ETOR cell lines were analyzed for CD133, ABCB5, sphingosine kinase 1, and sphingosine kinase 2 by the
real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the same amount of CD133+/ABCB5+ colocalization islets in untreated and treated human retinoblastoma specimens.
Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a statistically significant upregulation of CD133 in WERI ETOR (p = 0.002). No ABCB5 expression was detected in WERI RB1 and WERI ETOR. On the other hand,
SPHK1 (p = 0.0027) and SPHK2 (p = 0.017) showed significant downregulation in WERI ETOR compared to WERI RB1.
Conclusions CD133+/ABCB5+ co-localization islets were noted in untreated and treated human retinoblastoma specimens. Therefore, we assume that
CD133+/ABCB5+ islets might play a role in retinoblastoma genesis, but not in retinoblastoma treatment resistance.
Implantation of XEN After Failed Trabeculectomy: an Efficient Therapy?
Authors: Bormann Caroline , Schmidt Manuela , Busch Catharina , Rehak Matus , Scharenberg Christian Thomas , Unterlauft Jan Darius 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Trabeculectomy (TE) has been the standard procedure in glaucoma surgery for a long time. This study examined the efficacy and safety profile of XEN45 Gel Stent (XEN) after failed and/or scarred trabeculectomy.
Material and Methods We analysed all files of patients, who received a XEN after insufficient TE and examined changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP-lowering medication, best corrected visual acuity, visual field tests as well as the intra- and postoperative complications recorded within a 12-month follow-up period.
Results 31 eyes of 28 patients were analysed in our study (mean age: 66,2 ± 13,4 years; 39% female; 48% right eye; mean follow-up after TE: 70,3 ± 64,9 months). The mean IOP decreased from 23,5 ± 6,5 to 18,0 ± 5,3 mmHg (− 23,5% compared to baseline-IOP; p = 0,01) while the mean IOP-lowering medication could be reduced from 2,8 ± 1,1 to 1,1 ± 1,5 (p < 0,01) 12 months after XEN-implantation. The mean visual acuity did not change significantly (pre-op: 0,5 ± 0,6 logMAR; 12 months post-op: 0,5 ± 0,6 logMAR). The most common complications postoperatively were choroideal detachment due to postoperative hypotony in 4 eyes (13%), a needling procedure in 9 eyes (29%), a Re-XEN-Implantation in 4 eyes (13%), an open revision of the conjunctiva in 3 eyes (10%), and a Re-TE in 1 eye (3%) as well as an Ahmed-Valve implantation in 2 eyes (6%). Overall, neither needling procedure nor further glaucoma surgery was necessary in 19 eyes (61%). In 10 of 22 evaluable eyes (45%) an
IOP reduction of > 20% was achieved 12 months after XEN implantation.
Conclusion XEN could be an effective method to reduce IOP after failed TE. The rate of complications seems to be low and the rate of needling procedures and/or revisions is acceptable.
Investigation of Salivary RANKL and OPG Levels in Periodontitis Patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors: Asif Saba , Ahmad Basaruddin , Hamza Syed Ameer , Taib Haslina , Kassim Nur Karyatee , Zainuddin Siti Lailatul Akmar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to determine the levels of salivary receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its association with periodontal status among periodontitis patients.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was designed and performed at the Dental Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Random sampling was employed to identify 88 participants into three groups: 30 mild periodontitis, 30 moderate to severe periodontitis, and 28 healthy (nonperiodontitis) patients. Periodontal parameters: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque score (PS), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. In total, 4 mL of unstimulated whole saliva was collected to determine the levels of salivary RANKL and OPG proteins by using ELISA technique. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 24.0.
Results Mean values for PPD (5.3 ± 0.5) and CAL (5.6 ± 0.5) were observed higher for moderate to severe periodontitis as compared with values (4.4 ± 0.2) (4.5 ± 0.2) in mild periodontitis patients. The mean salivary RANKL and OPG was 0.23 ± 0.07 ng/mL and 1.78 ± 0.70 ng/mL respectively in moderate to severe periodontitis. Only salivary RANKL levels were significantly and positively correlated with all the clinical periodontal parameters.
Conclusion The levels of salivary RANKL were higher as opposed to lower OPG levels in periodontitis patients in contrast to healthy (nonperiodontitis) patients. RANKL levels were significantly associated with the periodontal parameters. Therefore, we can conclude that RANKL can potentially aid as an adjunctive diagnostic protein in evaluating periodontal disease.
Clinical Predictive Factors of Pathological EEG in Children with Febrile Seizures and Their Association with Subsequent Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Kchaou Khouloud , Kammoun Ines , Chakroun Sahar , Haddar Asma , Masmoudi Kaouthar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify clinical parameters predicting either a pathological EEG or a subsequent epileptic seizure (SES), based on the relation between paroxysmal EEG abnormalities and clinical features in children who presented at least one febrile seizure (FS). We collected data of children who presented to our department during the period 2013 to 2018 for EEG recording as part of their febrile seizure assessment. Only children aged between 1 month to 5 years were included. Both the clinical and EEG data were retrospectively collected and statistically studied. We performed a detailed analysis of the EEG recordings. SES was identified for patients with sufficient follow-up. A total of 120 children were included in the study, of whom 48% had EEG abnormalities. Psychomotor retardation (p = 0.002), completion of an EEG within 7 days of the last FS (p = 0.046), and late age (> 3 years) of the first FS onset (p = 0.021) were significantly associated with a pathological EEG. In multivariate analysis, performing early EEG (< 7 days from the last FS) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.35; p = 0.043; confidence interval [CI]: 1.028–5.375) and psychomotor retardation (OR: 4.19; p = 0.008; CI: 1.46–12) were independent predictors of a pathological EEG. Of 120 patients, 45 had a follow-up. However, only 10 (22.22%) had SES. Children with SES tended more to have a psychomotor delay, compared with children without SES (50% vs. 14.28%, p = 0.029). Moreover, the percentage of initial abnormal EEG in patients with SES was significantly higher than those without SES (70% vs. 34.28%, p = 0.05). Even though some FS characteristics predict EEG abnormalities, they are not always associated with SES. We highlight the importance of performing an EEG in the group of children who had both FS and psychomotor retardation. This is most likely the group at the highest risk of developing epilepsy.
Mapping social exclusion in STEM to men’s implicit bias and women’s career costs
Authors: Cyr Emily N. , Bergsieker Hilary B. , Dennehy Tara C. , Schmader Toni 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceDespite widespread initiatives to promote gender diversity and inclusion in science, technology, engineering, and math, subtle barriers to women’s success remain. We present evidence that men with stronger implicit stereotypes report socially including fewer women in the workplace. For women, the lack of social connections from men is linked to a lower sense of social fit and less workplace engagement. We discuss implications for how fostering positive cross-gender social relationships might benefit women and other marginalized groups in the workplace.
Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting
Authors: Douglass Kristina , Gaffney Dylan , Feo Teresa J. , Bulathsinhala Priyangi , Mack Andrew L. , Spitzer Megan , Summerhayes Glenn R. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Eggshell is an understudied archaeological material with potential to clarify past interactions between humans and birds. We apply an analytical method to legacy collections of Late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene cassowary eggshell and demonstrate that early foragers in the montane rainforests of New Guinea preferentially collected eggs in late stages of embryonic growth. This finding suggests that foragers regulated the exploitation of cassowaries and may have hatched eggs to rear chicks. The montane rainforests of New Guinea may thus present the earliest known evidence of human management of avian breeding.
The cost of correcting for error during sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Sedaghat-Nejad Ehsan , Shadmehr Reza 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Improving the process of learning from error can play a critical role in applied settings such as rehabilitation. Previous work has generally focused on reward as a variable that may modulate learning. However, in response to an erroneous movement, the nervous system often engages a reflex that corrects for that error, thus expending time and energy. Here, we modulated this cost of error and found that increasing the cost increased how much the brain learned from error. Thus, the landscape of the loss associated with the act of correcting for error regulates the rates of sensorimotor learning.
Sustainable-use protected areas catalyze enhanced livelihoods in rural Amazonia
Authors: Campos-Silva João V. , Peres Carlos A. , Hawes Joseph E. , Haugaasen Torbjørn , Freitas Carolina T. , Ladle Richard J. , Lopes Priscila F. M. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Sustainable-use protected areas (PAs) have contributed to tropical biodiversity conservation by deterring deforestation in multiple countries, yet their social and economic benefits to local stakeholders remain poorly understood. Amazonia hosts the largest tropical PA system on Earth, which is intended to safeguard its rich biological and cultural diversity. Aligning biodiversity protection with social aspirations is therefore imperative in this region. Our results demonstrate that sustainable-use PAs can catalyze a wide set of enablers, including multipartnerships, strong local associations, land tenure, comanagement, economic subsidies, strong leadership, public policies, and polycentric governance, resulting in marked improvements in local welfare beyond biodiversity protection. Such a rare conservation bright spot elucidates potential pathways that can foster social and ecological outcomes that are potentially scalable across lowland Amazonia.
Directional thermal channeling: A phenomenon triggered by tight packing of heat sources
Authors: Honarvar Hossein , Knobloch Joshua L. , Frazer Travis D. , Abad Begoña , McBennett Brendan , Hussein Mahmoud I. , Kapteyn Henry C. , Murnane Margaret M. , Hernandez-Charpak Jorge N. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
A critical factor in determining the achievable speeds and efficiencies of electronic devices is the operating temperature. As modern transistors shrink in size to as small as 5 nm, optimal design for temperature control requires a predictive understanding of nanoscale heat dissipation. In this work, we establish a fundamental microscopic description for thermal transport induced by nanoscale heat sources. We uncover the underlying mechanism that drives the counterintuitive behavior discovered recently via extreme UV scatterometry that nanoscale heat sources cool faster when closely packed than when widely spaced. This finding lays the foundation for better temperature management in modern integrated circuits and future quantum devices.
Deficiency of PARP-1 and PARP-2 in the mouse uterus results in decidualization failure and pregnancy loss
Authors: Kelleher Andrew M. , Setlem Rohit , Dantzer Françoise , DeMayo Francesco J. , Lydon John P. , Kraus W. Lee 
Published: September 2021

Significance
This study identifies an unknown role for PARP-1 and PARP-2 in mediating pregnancy success. Utilizing a combination of mouse genetic models, pharmacological inhibitors, and histological and transcriptomic analysis, we identified roles for PARPs and ADP ribosylation (ADPRylation) during the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. We show that the absence of PARP-1 and PARP-2 augments the DNA damage response during early pregnancy, presumably by ADPRylating substrate proteins, culminating in aberrant decidualization and ultimately pregnancy failure. These findings could be leveraged to develop contraceptives or as biomarkers of uterine receptivity and stromal cell decidualization.
Simple sufficient condition for subspace to be completely or genuinely entangled
Authors: Demianowicz Maciej , Rajchel-Mieldzioć Grzegorz , Augusiak Remigiusz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We introduce a simple sufficient criterion, which allows one to tell whether a subspace of a bipartite or multipartite Hilbert space is entangled. The main ingredient of our criterion is a bound on the minimal entanglement of a subspace in terms of entanglement of vectors spanning that subspace expressed for geometrical measures of entanglement. The criterion is applicable to both completely and genuinely entangled subspaces. We explore its usefulness in several important scenarios. Further, an entanglement criterion for mixed states following directly from the condition is stated. As an auxiliary result we provide a formula for the generalized geometric measure of entanglement of the d-level Dicke states.
Looking for extra dimensions in the observed quasi-periodic oscillations of black holes
Authors: Banerjee Indrani , Chakraborty Sumanta , SenGupta Soumitra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Quasi-periodic oscillations, often present in the power density spectrum of accretion disk around black holes, are useful probes for the understanding of gravitational interaction in the near-horizon regime of black holes. Since the presence of an extra spatial dimension modifies the near horizon geometry of black holes, it is expected that the study of these quasi-periodic oscillations may shed some light on the possible existence of these extra dimensions. Intriguingly, most of the extra dimensional models, which are of significant interest to the scientific community, predicts the existence of a tidal charge parameter in black hole spacetimes. This tidal charge parameter can have an overall negative sign and is a distinctive signature of the extra dimensions. Motivated by this, we have studied the quasi-periodic oscillations for a rotating braneworld black hole using the available theoretical models. Subsequently, we have used the observations of the quasi-periodic oscillations from available black hole sources, e.g., GRO J1655-40, XTE J1550-564, GRS 1915 + 105, H 1743 + 322 and Sgr A* and have compared them with the predictions from the relevant theoretical models, in order to estimate the tidal charge parameter. It turns out that among the 11 theoretical models considered here, 8 of them predict a negative value for the tidal charge parameter, while for the others negative values of the tidal charge parameter are also well within the 1-σ confidence interval.