bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Heterogeneity Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Abandoned Farmland in Different Scales and Regions in China
Authors: Li Guangyong , Jiang Cuihong , Gao Yu , Du Juan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAbandonment of farmland has become a widespread land use phenomenon worldwide. However, the spatial pattern and driving factors of abandoned farmland in different scales and regions in China are still unclear, which limits the government in formulating relevant policies. This study is based on the statistical data of abandoned farmland in county level in 2020, and examines the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of the abandoned farmland over national level and geographical divisions in China. The results show that the abandoned rate of farmland (ARF) in China is 6.4%, but the total area reaches 8.56 million hectares in 2020. Northern region (NR) has the largest abandoned farmland area (AFA) among the various geographical divisions. High ARFs concentrate over hilly, mountainous and plateau regions with complex terrain conditions at the national scale, while plains and basins represent the opposite. The driving mechanisms of abandoned farmland vary widely at national scale and each geographical division. Agricultural added value (AAV) and surface roughness index (SRI) are two key factors that make opposite contributions to the spatial pattern of AFA and ARF across the country. Temperature, population ageing index (PAI), and AAV are the primary factors determining the AFA in NR, Northwest region (NWR) and Qinghai‐Tibet region (QTR) respectively, whereas PAI and per capita disposable income (PCDI) are the main negative factors that determine the AFA in Southern region (SR). SRI and AAV are both the most critical factors determining ARF in the country, NR, and QTR, but presenting opposite contributions. Temperature and precipitation have a significant correlation with the ARF in the SR. Economic factors play important roles in controlling the ARF in the NWR. The results can assist the government to formulate scientific policies on farmland utilization at multiple scales over different regions.
Revealing the Coupling Coordination of Social–Ecological System Resilience: Insights From the Southwest Karst Rural Area, China
Authors: Qu Shaodong , Jiang Yuan , Gao Jiangbo , Wang Lunche , Chen Qiong , Zhang Yibo , Huang Fengxian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNatural social systems provide opportunities for human survival, living, and development, but such development may be of less benefit to farmers in low‐income and remote rural settlements because they lack money and complete infrastructure. Introducing the concept of resilience can help explore the development potential of rural areas and add vitality to the realization of high‐quality rural development. Currently, theoretical analyses and systematic evaluations of rural resilience in China's karst mountain area are still insufficient. In this study, based on ecosystem services (ESs) and ecological thresholds, we calculated ecological resilience (ER). For the social systems dimension, we measured social resilience (SR) using a resilience assessment methodology developed by the FAO. Afterward, this study constructed a framework, integrating SR and ER, to assess interactions between rural socioeconomic systems and ecosystems. The study shows that SR is better in rural settlements closer to cities, while remote rural settlements have better ER. Rural settlements close to cities tend to have higher incomes and better educational opportunities than remote rural settlements. In contrast, remote rural settlements perform well in terms of forest area and natural ecology. Based on these findings, we propose specific policy measures to meet these challenges. The operational framework of this study can provide new insights and meaningful theoretical references for the study of rural resilience.
Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation and Stability Under Rice Straw, Ash, and Biochar Amendment in Saline‐Alkali Soil
Authors: Jiang Ya , Zhu Wenhao , Han Yuhang , Li Cuilan , Zhang Jinjing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSalinization and alkalization contribute significantly to soil degradation. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is an effective approach to remediate saline‐alkali soil. However, how rice straw (RS), rice straw biochar (RSB), and rice straw ash (RSA) impact soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and stability in saline‐alkali soil remains unknown. Herein, SOC and SOC fractions contents in bulk soil and its particle‐ and aggregate‐size classes under RS, RSB, and RSA amendments and control with amendments (CK) were investigated by field experiment. Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to evaluate bulk SOC chemical composition. The SOC and SOC fractions contents ranked as CK<RSA<RS<RSB. Aromatic C was higher whereas O‐alkyl C was lower in RSB relative to other treatments. The contents of SOC and SOC fractions in bulk soil were generally positively correlated with those in particle‐ and aggregate‐size classes as well as with aromatic C. Redundancy analysis showed that exchangeable sodium and electrical conductivity were the most significant factors in shaping SOC contents and chemical composition. The results indicated that RSB is more beneficial for SOC accumulation and stabilization as compared to RS and RSA. The primary mechanisms of SOC accumulation in RSB‐amended soil included physical protection afforded by aggregate classes, chemical protection mediated by silt and clay fractions, and biochemical protection with recalcitrant aromatic C. Our findings suggest that converting RS into RSB and the subsequent application of this biochar have the potential for improving soil quality in saline‐alkali paddy field.
Distinct phytoplankton assemblages underlie hotspots of primary production in the eastern North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Jimenez Valeria , Sudek Sebastian , Eckmann Charlotte , Bachy Charles , Poirier Camille , Wittmers Fabian , Santoro Alyson E. , Follows Michael J. , Chavez Francisco P. , Shilova Irina , Worden Alexandra Z. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMarine eastern boundary current ecosystems, such as the California Current System (CCS), involve productive, mesotrophic transition zones. The CCS exhibits highly variable primary production (PP), yet factors driving the variability and underlying phytoplankton communities remain poorly understood. We integrated physicochemical and biological data from surface waters sampled during 10 CCS expeditions, spanning 13 yr, and resolved regimes with distinct phytoplankton communities. Additional to an oligotrophic regime (OR), mesotrophic waters beyond the coastal area partitioned into Meso‐High and Meso‐Low regimes, differing in nitrate concentrations and PP. The OR was dominated by Prochlorococcus High‐Light I (HLI), and eukaryotic phytoplankton were largely predatory mixotrophs. Eukaryotes dominated Meso‐Low and Meso‐High phytoplankton biomass. Within the Meso‐Low, Pelagomonas calceolata was important, and Prochlorococcus Low‐Light I (LLI) rose in prominence. In the Meso‐High, the picoprasinophyte Ostreococcus lucimarinus was abundant, and Synechococcus Clade IV was notable. The Meso‐High exhibited the highest PP (38 ± 16 mg C m−3 d−1; p < 0.01) and higher growth rates for photosynthetic eukaryotes (0.84 ± 0.02 d−1) than for Prochlorococcus (0.61 ± 0.01 d−1) and Synechococcus (0.31 ± 0.05 d−1). An experiment simulating seasonal oligotrophic seawater intrusion into the Meso‐High resulted in growth rates reaching 1.18 ± 0.10 d−1 (O. lucimarinus), 0.75 ± 0.21 d−1 (Prochlorococcus LLI), and 0.50 ± 0.04 d−1 (Synechococcus EPC2). Thus, variable PP is underpinned by distinct phytoplankton communities across CCS mesotrophic regimes, and their dynamic nature is influenced by the rapidity with which specific taxa respond to changing environmental conditions or possibly transient nutrient release from viral encounters. Future work should assess whether these dynamics are consistent across eastern boundary current ecosystems and over temporal variations.
The Gift of Choice? How Offering Options Can Undermine Recipient Appreciation
Authors: Park Jihye , Yi Youjae 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis research examines the differing evaluations of “gifts with choices”—gifts allowing recipients to select specific attributes—by givers and recipients. Through multiple studies, we find that recipients view such gifts as less thoughtful, resulting in reduced appreciation. Conversely, givers underestimate the negative impact of offering choices on recipients' perceptions. This giver–recipient asymmetry stems from recipients associating these gifts with less effort from the giver. Importantly, the discrepancy diminishes in socially distant relationships or when givers provide information about their preselected gift attributes. This study expands gift‐giving literature by being the first to investigate gifts with choices, unveiling a unique giver–recipient disagreement, and exploring its underlying causes and boundary conditions.
Spectrum‐Related Theories in the Framework of Quadratic Phase Fourier Transform
Authors: Varghese Sarga , Kundu Manab 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, new type of convolution and correlation theorems associated with quadratic phase Fourier transform (QPFT) are studied. Applications of that in multiplicative filter design, which may be useful in optics and signal processing to recover the signals, are also discussed. Besides that, the real Paley–Wiener (PW) and Boas theorem for QPFT are proved, which analyses the characteristics of the signals associated with QPFT in the domain.
Possible Involvement of Hippocampal miR‐539‐3p/Lrp6/Igf1r Axis for Diminished Working Memory in Mice Fed a Low‐Carbohydrate and High‐Protein Diet
Authors: Shima Takeru , Onishi Hayate , Terashima Chiho 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA low‐carbohydrate and high‐protein (LC‐HP) diet demonstrates favorable impacts on metabolic parameters, albeit it leads to a decline in hippocampal function with the decreased expression of hippocampal insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) among healthy mice. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unexplored. Eight‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the LC‐HP diet‐fed group (25.1% carbohydrate, 57.2% protein, and 17.7% fat as percentages of calories; n = 10) and the control diet‐fed group (58.9% carbohydrate, 24.0% protein, and 17.1% fat; n = 10). After 4 weeks, all mice underwent the Y‐maze test, followed by analyses of hippocampal mRNA and miRNA expressions. We revealed that feeding the LC‐HP diet suppressed working memory function and hippocampal Igf1r mRNA levels in mice. Sequencing of hippocampal miRNA demonstrated 17 upregulated and 27 downregulated miRNAs in the LC‐HP diet‐fed mice. Notably, we found decreased hippocampal mRNA levels of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6 (Lrp6), a gene modulated by miR‐539‐3p, in mice fed the LC‐HP diet. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between Lrp6 and Igf1r mRNA levels in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that LC‐HP diets may suppress hippocampal function via the miR‐539‐3p/Lrp6/Igf1r axis.
Cross‐Correlation Between 11B Quadrupole and 11B‐19F Dipole–Dipole Coupling in BF2 Groups
Authors: Rüttger Franziska , Franke Dominik , Probst Jannik , Wang Xiaobai , Stalke Dietmar , John Michael 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe investigate cross‐correlation between 11B quadrupole and 11B‐19F dipole–dipole coupling in two BODIPY compounds and one bis(benzoxazol)methanide in partially oriented polystyrene (PS) samples. Especially for the bis(benzoxazol)methanide, the transitions for which the two interactions interfere con‐ or destructively clearly show distinct linewidths.
Post‐curing effect on the mode I fracture toughness of the glass/epoxy laminates
Authors: Esmaili Ali , Taheri‐Behrooz Fathollah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites are a function of their curing and post‐curing temperatures. This research has experimentally investigated the effect of post‐curing temperature on the mode I fracture toughness of glass/epoxy composites. For this purpose, double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens are fabricated using the wet lay‐up assisted with vacuum bagging technique and post‐cured under three different curing processes. The mode I fracture tests are carried out in two categories. The post‐curing temperature remains constant for the first group of specimens while tests are conducted at three different elevated temperatures. In the second group of specimens, tests are performed at a constant temperature to evaluate the influence of three post‐curing processes on the outcomes. The test results showed that increasing the post‐curing temperature led to an upward trend in initiation and propagation fracture toughness. Additionally, the results indicated that as the test temperature increased, regardless of the curing process, both initiation and propagation fracture toughness also increased. Room temperature test results show that the post‐curing process at 80°C increased initiation and propagation fracture toughness by 20% and 15%, respectively, while the post‐curing process at 100°C improved these by 40% and 22%.
Green friction: Exploring the evolution and potential of natural fibers and other brake pad ingredients in sustainable automotive engineering—A review
Authors: Muthu Samy M. , Lenin Singaravelu D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the growing environmental concerns and strict regulations, the shift from traditional brake pad materials such as copper, asbestos to eco‐friendly materials has become necessary. This review paper presents an in‐depth analysis of natural fibers (fibers obtained from plants) brake pads, an emerging sustainable alternative in automotive technology. Natural fibers such as jute, kenaf, flax etc. offers a good solution due to their renewable nature, low cost and reduced environmental impact. This paper explores the properties of natural fibers that make them suitable for use in brake pads including their thermal stability, wear resistance and ability to withstand high‐friction environments. It highlights the advantages and challenges of natural fiber composites particularly in terms of performance, durability, and noise reduction. The environmental benefits including biodegradability and reduced carbon footprint are discussed underscoring the role of natural fiber brake pads in promoting sustainable automotive practices. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current and future potential of natural fiber brake pads offering valuable insights for researchers and industries in the field of sustainable automotive engineering.Highlights
Shift to natural fibers from asbestos and copper for eco‐friendly alternatives.
Natural fibers offer biodegradability, low cost, and good mechanical properties.
Fiber variability and moisture absorption pose challenges, needing treatments.
Natural fibers reduce environmental impact, supporting sustainable practices.
More research is needed on fiber treatment and standardized testing protocols.
Impact of layer orientation and interlayer inhomogeneity on the bending properties of plain weave CFRP laminates
Authors: Wu Wanxia , Zhan Zhangjie , Li Xiaoyong , Zhao Jian , Xu Guodong , Ge Yuzhou , Su Dongxiao , Wu Lihao , Qiao Zhanfeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPlain weave carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates have garnered widespread attention in the aerospace and automotive industries due to their exceptional mechanical properties and lightweight structure. During the production of laminates, the thickness of each layer is often nonuniform. In traditional finite element analysis (FEA), the laminates are usually assumed to be uniformly layered, which can introduce some errors. Thus, there is room for improvement in prediction accuracy. This study explores the bending performance of plain weave CFRP laminates at different orientation angles of the layers, employing both experimental and FEA. In contrast to traditional methods, using images of weave structures captured by metallographic microscopy to create the representative volume element (RVE) model can improve the precision of FEA. Bending tests are conducted on specimens with orientation angles at 0° and 45°, while the bending modulus for orientation angles at 15° and 30° are predicted through FEA methods. This research enhances the accuracy of the mechanical performance analysis of plain weave CFRP laminates and also uncovers the relationship between the bending modulus changes and the orientation angles. It provides a theoretical foundation and guidance for optimizing the structural design and improving the mechanical properties of woven laminates.Highlights
Investigated plain weave CFRP laminate mechanics via homogenization.
Microscopy‐based RVE model improves FEM bending modulus prediction.
Effects of orientation angles on plain weave CFRP laminate bending performance.
Exploratory analysis of the key role of immune function changes in BPD
Authors: Wu Tianyi , Fu Xingmeng , Gong Xiaoxia , You Jingyi , Fu Zhou , Shu Chang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most prevalent and severe chronic lung diseases in premature infants. The objective of the current study was to screen for key BPD‐associated genes and pathways by transcriptomic analysis from clinical patients and animal models. In our study, the differentially expressed genes were screened from 58 children with 14‐day BPD and 40 normal children in the GSE32472 dataset of the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Then, we identified four hub genes (Cd3e, Cd3g, Cd247, and Itk) and a signaling pathway (T cell receptor signaling pathway) by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis and protein‐protein interaction analysis. The differential expression of the relevant pathways and gene sets among the groups was verified via GSEA analysis. Subsequently, a rat model of BPD with hyperoxia‐induced lung injury was established, and the transcriptome sequencing of the whole lung tissue was performed. A similar analysis was done on the sequencing data of the hub genes and associated pathway screening to verify the accuracy. Ultimately, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to validate the transcriptomics data of core gene expression in the rat model. Our study revealed that the downregulation of the expression of the above four key genes in the course of BPD leads to a decrease in the function of T cell receptor signaling pathways, it causes immune dysfunction and increases the severity of lung inflammation as well as susceptibility to other respiratory infectious diseases.
Resilience in Turkish Adolescents From Low Socioeconomic Backgrounds: The Role of Courage, Self‐Compassion, and Prosocial Behavior Tendencies
Authors: Altıntaş‐Atay Öykü , Çok Figen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examined the direct and indirect relationships among resilience, its individual‐level protective factors (i.e., courage and self‐compassion), and its positive outcomes (i.e., prosocial behavior tendencies) in a sample of adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds in Türkiye (Turkey). Quantitative data were collected through surveys from 1030 adolescents across seven Anatolian High Schools, which were selected using cluster sampling. A path analysis, which is a specific form of structural equation modeling, was used to test the proposed model and investigate the direct and indirect relationships. Results revealed positive associations between courage, self‐compassion, and resilience. Resilience was positively linked with all subscales of prosocial behavior tendencies. Moreover, courage demonstrated both direct associations with self‐compassion and indirect associations with prosocial behavior tendencies through self‐compassion and resilience. Unexpectedly, self‐compassion was negatively linked to all subscales of prosocial behavior tendencies. These findings demonstrated that the interplay among resilience, its predictors, and outcomes is complex and not always straightforward.
How Does Teacher Academic Optimism Affect Teacher Self‐Efficacy: Mediating Role of Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Subjective Well‐Being?
Authors: Mavi Duran , Tuti Gamze , Ozdemir Murat 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTeacher self‐efficacy is a critical component of school life quality, leading scholars to explore the mechanisms behind it. Most studies have focused on this factor's mediation and moderation functions, with some indicating a strong link between teachers' academic optimism and self‐efficacy. However, the roles of teachers' professional development and subjective well‐being in this connection require further investigation. Our study takes an exclusive approach by positioning teacher self‐efficacy as the outcome variable and examining how teacher academic optimism is predicted through teacher professional development and subjective well‐being. Data were collected from 405 teachers working in K‐12 schools in Türkiye and analyzed using a cross‐sectional design. Using the bootstrapping technique, structural equation modeling results confirm the relationship between teacher academic optimism and self‐efficacy. The findings reveal that teachers' professional development and subjective well‐being mediate the relationship between teacher academic optimism and self‐efficacy. In this regard, our paper makes original contributions to the education literature by highlighting the importance of teachers' self‐efficacy. Importantly, our findings carry practical implications for practitioners and policymakers, and we offer specific suggestions based on the results to help them make informed decisions.
The Worries About Recurrence or Progression Scale in Cancer (WARPS‐C): A Valid and Reliable Measure to Screen for Fear of Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Smith Maddison , Sharpe Louise , Winiarski Natalie , Shaw Joanne 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Worries About Recurrence or Progression Scale (WARPS) was recently validated in four common chronic illnesses other than cancer, after a rigorous development process based on the COSMIN criteria. Available measures of fear of progression or fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) have been criticised for not meeting all COSMIN criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the WARPS in a cancer sample to assess its applicability to measure FCR.MethodsWe recruited 346 participants living with or beyond cancer for an online survey. The psychometric properties of the WARPS were examined using a confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was assessed against the current gold standard questionnaires and constructs related to FCR. Some participants completed a follow‐up survey 2 weeks later, to assess the test‐retest reliability. Finally, a Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis was conducted to determine clinical cut‐offs for the WARPS.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the WARPS has one underlying factor, fear of recurrence or progression (FRP), with adequate model fit. The WARPS demonstrated excellent internal consistency, test‐retest reliability and showed convergent validity. ROC analysis revealed a cut‐off of 54 for moderate, and 65 for severe FCR on the WARPS.ConclusionsThe WARPS demonstrated good psychometric properties in a cancer sample. It has the capacity to be used as a screening tool to identify clinical levels of FCR. The WARPS was developed consistent with the COSMIN criteria and overcomes some of the limitations of existing measures.