bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmable Logic in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Catalysis
Authors: Shen Yu , Pan Ting , Wang Liu , Ren Zhen , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as one of the most widely investigated materials in catalysis mainly due to their excellent component tunability, high surface area, adjustable pore size, and uniform active sites. However, the overwhelming number of MOF materials and complex structures has brought difficulties for researchers to select and construct suitable MOF‐based catalysts. Herein, a programmable design strategy is presented based on metal ions/clusters, organic ligands, modifiers, functional materials, and post‐treatment modules, which can be used to design the components, structures, and morphologies of MOF catalysts for different reactions. By establishing the corresponding relationship between these modules and functions, researchers can accurately and efficiently construct heterometallic MOFs, chiral MOFs, conductive MOFs, hierarchically porous MOFs, defective MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF‐derivative catalysts. Further, this programmable design approach can also be used to regulate the physical/chemical microenvironments of pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF‐derivative materials for heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. Finally, the challenging issues and opportunities for the future research of MOF‐based catalysts are discussed. Overall, the modular design concept of this review can be applied as a potent tool for exploring the structure–activity relationships and accelerating the on‐demand design of multicomponent catalysts.
Self‐Powerbility in Electrical Stimulation Drug Delivery System
Authors: Xu Lingling , Yang Yuan , Mao Yukun , Li Zhou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOn‐demand drug delivery is one of the main research directions of the drug delivery system (DDS). At present, with the development of various stimulus‐responsive materials and technology, it is possible to regulate drug release through various external or internal stimuli. Among them, electrical stimulation DDS has great potential due to its easy combination with sensor or microchip and precise time and space controlled‐release ability. At the same time, with the rapid growth of research in self‐powered devices, the self‐powerbility of electrical stimulation DDS has also received a lot of attention. In this review, the current biomaterials used in electrical stimulation DDS, such as conducting polymers, electroconductive hydrogels, carbon‐based nanomaterials, metal, and semiconductors are first introduced. Further the route of administration and recent advances of electrical stimulation DDS is summarized. The development and classification of self‐powered devices used in DDS are highlighted. In the end, the major challenges and future perspectives of electric stimuli‐responsive DDS are discussed.
In Situ Electric‐Induced Switchable Transparency and Wettability on Laser‐Ablated Bioinspired Paraffin‐Impregnated Slippery Surfaces
Authors: Chen Chao , Huang Zhouchen , Zhu Suwan , Liu Bingrui , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSwitchable wetting and optical properties on a surface is synergistically realized by mechanical or temperature stimulus. Unfortunately, in situ controllable wettability together with programmable transparency on 2D/3D surfaces is rarely explored. Herein, Joule‐heat‐responsive paraffin‐impregnated slippery surface (JR‐PISS) is reported by the incorporation of lubricant paraffin, superhydrophobic micropillar‐arrayed elastomeric membrane, and embedded transparent silver nanowire thin‐film heater. Owing to its good flexibility, in situ controllable locomotion for diverse liquids on planar/curved JR‐PISS is unfolded by alternately applying/discharging low electric‐trigger of 6 V. Simultaneously, optical visibility can be reversibly converted between opaque and transparent modes. The switching principle is that in the presence of Joule‐heat, solid paraffin would be melt and swell within 20 s to enable a slippery surface for decreasing light scattering and frictional force derived from contact angle hysteresis (FCAH). Once Joule‐heat is discharged, undulating rough surface would reconfigure by cold‐shrinkage of paraffin within 8 s to render light blockage and high FCAH. Upon its portable merit, in situ thermal management, programmable visibility, as well as steering functionalized droplets by electric‐activated JR‐PISSs are successfully deployed. Compared with previous Nepenthes‐inspired slippery surfaces, the current JR‐PISS is more competent for in situ harnessing optical and wetting properties on‐demand.
Magnetic‐Sensitive Crack Sensor with Ultrahigh Sensitivity at Room Temperature by Depositing Graphene Nanosheets upon a Flexible Magnetic Film
Authors: Huang Jianyu , Ma Zheng , Wu Zhenhua , Peng Linghui , Su Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlexible magnetic field sensors attract significant interests in magnetic detection and flexible electronics. However, two challenges, low sensitivity, and limited working range, impede their practical application. Herein, a new type of magnetic‐sensitive crack sensor (M‐CS) by depositing graphene nanosheets upon a flexible magnetic film through a facial infrared drying technique is reported. The M‐CS exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity (relative resistance change up to 4.0 × 1010) toward a moderate magnetic field of 43 mT at room temperature. In addition, the M‐CS shows a long cycling stability over 10 000 cycles. Such a superior sensitivity is attributed to physically cutting/recovering the pathways of electron transport through nanosheets’ separation/contact. Diverse experimental parameters, such as the concentration of graphene solution and the thickness of bottom magnetic substrates, have been tailored to improve the magnetic sensitivity of M‐CS. Furthermore, the array of M‐CSs with different relative resistance change can be used as the cipher key to recognize aimed magnetic signal without contact. It is believed that the M‐CS with an ultrahigh magnetic sensitivity at operational condition and long‐term stability could benefit the development of magneto‐sensitive sensors, and exploit the application of 2D materials in flexible electronic devices.
Reaction of winter wheat and barley cultivars to Fusarium pseudograminearum‐inoculated fields in the dryland Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Hagerty Christina H. , Lutcher Larry , McLaughlin Katherine , Hayes Patrick , Garland‐Campbell Kim , Paulitz Timothy , Graebner Ryan C. , Kroese Duncan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFusarium crown rot (FCR) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by Fusarium pseudograminearm and Fusarium culmorum, is a yield‐limiting disease in arid wheat‐producing areas of the inland Pacific Northwest. Foliar fungicide applications and currently available seed treatments do not control FCR. Alternative crops that provide a rotational benefit to reduce disease are not economically feasible. Major‐gene resistance is unavailable, but there is preliminary evidence that some wheat and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars are more resistant than others. We followed up on preliminary work by growing 14 varieties of winter wheat, planted with in‐furrow FCR inoculum, in 2018 and 2019 in Morrow County, Oregon—one of the world's driest wheat producing regions. Two barley cultivars were added to the experiment during the second year of research. Evaluations of cultivar resistance were made by conducting aboveground visual assessments by counting whiteheads, prematurely senesced wheat heads that are indicative of FCR infection. Whitehead count information was correlated with yield and grain volume weight data. Maximum whitehead counts were measured in plots of the FCR‐susceptible check cultivar ‘Stephens’. There was no evidence of a cultivar‐specific relationship between whitehead count and corresponding values for yield and grain volume weight. There was limited evidence that some cultivars have the capacity to compensate for effects of disease.
Impact of mid‐season sugarcane aphid infestation from blooming to harvest on forage sorghum yield and silage nutritive value
Authors: Bell Jourdan M. , Bynum Ed , Porter Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractForage sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.) grown for silage production is frequently infested by the sugarcane aphid (SCA;Melanaphis sacchari[Zehntner] [Hemiptera: Aphididae]). The objective of this study was to establish first‐time action thresholds for SCA infestation, leaf feeding, honeydew, and/or dead leaves. In this 2‐yr Texas High Plains study, we quantified the impact of varying densities of SCA and subsequent damage beginning at boot stage to yields and silage nutritive value of a susceptible forage sorghum hybrid (Pioneer 841F) by using untreated controls and different insecticide treatments (lambda cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and flupyradifurone). Aphid damage occurred from boot to flowering growth stages. Damaging infestations continued until harvest in 2017, but SCA densities declined sharply after peaking at the beginning milk growth stage (BMS) in 2019. Damage levels were significantly correlated to increases in aphid densities at BMS (R2 = .91) in 2017 and at 50% bloom (R2 = .83) and BMS (R2 = .86) in 2019. Yield losses increased with increasing damage at the BMS in 2017 (R2 = .82) and 2019 (R2 = .42). Reductions in nutritive value were correlated to yield reductions. Results indicate that SCA infestations should be controlled when ≥20% of the leaf area is infested and damaged at BMS to prevent yield and nutritive value losses in the fresh and ensiled forage. Based on this work, an action threshold for forage sorghums to minimize losses to yield, nutritive value, and economic returns is presented.
Syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder associated with de novo variants in DDX23
Authors: Burns William , Bird Lynne M. , Heron Delphine , Keren Boris , Ramachandra Divya , Thiffault Isabelle , Del Viso Florencia , Amudhavalli Shivarajan , Engleman Kendra , Parenti Ilaria , Kaiser Frank J. , Wierzba Jolanta , Riedhammer Korbinian M. , Liptay Susanne , Zadeh Neda , Porrmann Joseph , Fischer Andrea , Gößwein Sophie , McLaughlin Heather M. , Telegrafi Aida , Langley Katherine G. , Steet Richard , Louie Raymond J. , Lyons Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicases are a superfamily of proteins involved in the processing and transportation of RNA within the cell. A growing literature supports this family of proteins as contributing to various types of human disorders from neurodevelopmental disorders to syndromes with multiple congenital anomalies. This article presents a cohort of nine unrelated individuals with de novo missense alterations in DDX23 (Dead‐Box Helicase 23). The gene is ubiquitously expressed and functions in RNA splicing, maintenance of genome stability, and the sensing of double‐stranded RNA. Our cohort of patients, gathered through GeneMatcher, exhibited features including tone abnormalities, global developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, autism spectrum disorder, and seizures. Additionally, there were a variety of other findings in the skeletal, renal, ocular, and cardiac systems. The missense alterations all occurred within a highly conserved RecA‐like domain of the protein, and are located within or proximal to the DEAD box sequence. The individuals presented in this article provide evidence of a syndrome related to alterations in DDX23 characterized predominantly by atypical neurodevelopment.
A Novel Multisystem Proteinopathy Caused by a Missense ANXA11 Variant
Authors: Leoni Tauana Bernardes , González‐Salazar Carelis , Rezende Thiago Junqueira R. , Hernández Ana Luisa C. , Mattos Alexandre Hilário B. , Coimbra Neto Antônio Rodrigues , da Graça Felipe Franco , Gonçalves João Pedro Nunes , Martinez Alberto R.M. , Taniguti Lucas , Kitajima João Paulo , Kok Fernando , Rogério Fábio , da Silva André Macedo Serafim , de Oliveira Alexandre Leite Rodrigues , Zanoteli Edmar , Nucci Anamarli , França Marcondes C. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveProtein misfolding plays a central role not only in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but also in other conditions, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), inclusion body myopathy (hIBM) or Paget's disease of bone. The concept of multisystem proteinopathies (MSP) was created to account for those rare families that segregate at least 2 out of these 4 conditions in the same pedigree. The calcium‐dependent phospholipid‐binding protein annexin A11 was recently associated to ALS in European pedigrees. Herein, we describe in detail 3 Brazilian families presenting hIBM (isolated or in combination with ALS/FTD) caused by the novel p.D40Y change in the gene encoding annexin A11 (ANXA11).MethodsWe collected clinical, genetic, pathological and skeletal muscle imaging from 11 affected subjects. Neuroimaging was also obtained from 8 patients and 8 matched controls.ResultsClinico‐radiological phenotype of this novel hIBM reveals a slowly progressive predominant limb‐girdle syndrome, but with frequent axial (ptosis/dropped head) and distal (medial gastrocnemius) involvement as well. Muscle pathology identified numerous rimmed vacuoles with positive annexin A11, TDP‐43 and p62 inclusions, but no inflammation. Central nervous system was also involved: two patients had FTD, but diffusion tensor imaging uncovered multiple areas of cerebral white matter damage in the whole group (including the corticospinal tracts and frontal subcortical regions).InterpretationThese findings expand the phenotypic spectrum related to ANXA11. This gene should be considered the cause of a novel multisystem proteinopathy (MSP type 6), rather than just ALS. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:239–252
Colorimetric Metal‐Free Detection of Carbon Monoxide: Reversible CO Uptake by a BNB Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Zheng Xiongfei , Zulkifly Ili , Heilmann Andreas , McManus Caitilín , Aldridge Simon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report two BNB‐type frustrated Lewis pairs which feature an acceptor‐donor‐acceptor functionalized cavity, and which differ in the nature of the B‐bound fluoroaryl group (C6F5 vs. C6H3(CF3)2‐3,5, Arf). These receptor systems are capable of capturing gaseous CO, and in the case of the ‐BArf2 system this can be shown to occur in reversible fashion at/above room temperature. For both systems, the binding event is accompanied by migration of one of the aryl substituents to the electrophilic carbon of the CO guest. Experiments utilizing an additional equivalent of PtBu3 allow the initially formed (non‐migrated) CO adduct to be identified and trapped (via demethylation), while also establishing the reversibility of the B‐to‐C migration process. When partnered with the slightly less Lewis acidic ‐BArf2 substituent, this reversibility allows for release of the captured carbon monoxide in the temperature range 40–70 °C, and the possibility for CO sensing, making use of the associated colourless to orange/red colour change.
Acid‐ and base‐catalyzedepoxy‐phenolthermosets from catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone: Astructure–propertystudy
Authors: Roy Choudhury Shreya , Houston Katelyn R. , Mason Dawn , Dingemans Theo J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to better understand the design rules of epoxy–phenol thermosets we will report on the chemistry and (thermo)mechanical properties of cured epoxy–phenol thermoset films.Ortho‐,meta‐andpara‐isomers of dihydroxybenzene (DHB) were reacted with the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) in the presence of an acid catalyst or triphenylphosphine (PPh3). The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the cross‐linked films decreases in the order ofmeta‐ (Tg = 115°C) > ortho‐(Tg = 102°C) > para‐DHB (Tg = 96°C) as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Uniaxial tensile testing of cross‐linked films showed excellent stress–strain behavior. The average ultimate strength values ranged from 65 to 82 MPa and the average values of the strain‐at‐break ranged from 4.8% to 6.9% at 25°C for all cross‐linked films. When a PPh3was used, the network properties were profoundly different. The base catalyzed thermoset of DGEBA andmeta‐DHB shows aTgof 85°C, which is 30°C lower than theTgof the acid‐catalyzed analog. Tensile films appear to be more ductile, as they exhibit a strain‐at‐break of 20%. The results of this study confirm that simple dihydroxybenzene hardeners can be used to prepare cross‐linked films with excellent thermomechanical properties.
Comparative study of the external auditory canal in humans and large mammals
Authors: Wang Jun , He Aijuan , Yin Dongming , Zhu Yaying , Zhou Guangdong , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGiven the limited source of human external auditory canal (EAC) skin, animal experiments remain an important approach for studying functional EAC reconstruction. However, differences between humans and animals in terms of the general EAC structure, histological characteristics of EAC skin, and cell markers of its specific glands in cartilaginous EAC skin remain unknown. We compared the characteristics of the EAC between humans and large animals, as a basis for appropriate animal model selection. Temporal bone computed tomography was used to compare the EACs of humans, goats, pigs, and dogs. EAC skin samples were harvested and their histological characteristics evaluated. The skin's ultrastructure and the histological structure of specific glands and cell markers related to cell phenotype and function were further identified. The EAC structure in goats was similar to that in humans in terms of diameter, length, and cartilaginous segment ratio of the EAC, while that of pigs and dogs differed markedly. Furthermore, histological evaluation showed that there were abundant ceruminous and sebaceous glands in the goat's cartilaginous skin, while dogs and pigs showed notably fewer of these glands in cartilaginous skin than humans. Nevertheless, ceruminous glands in all species studied showed similar expression of cell biomarkers and secretion function. Goats might have advantages in terms of surgery and reconstruction of the functional EAC skin compared to dogs and pigs and can be a useful candidate for ceruminous gland cell sources.
Design, synthesis, and molecular docking study of novel quinoline‐based bis‐chalcones as potential antitumor agents
Authors: Insuasty Daniel , García Stephanie , Abonia Rodrigo , Insuasty Braulio , Quiroga Jairo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo , Borosky Gabriela L. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel series of quinoline‐based symmetrical and unsymmetrical bis‐chalcones was synthesized via a Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction between 3‐formyl‐quinoline/quinolone derivatives with acetone or arylidene acetones, respectively, by using KOH/MeOH/H2O as a reaction medium. Twelve of the obtained compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against 60 different human cancer cell lines according to the National Cancer Institute protocol. Among the screened compounds, the symmetrical N‐butyl bis‐quinolinyl‐chalcone 14g and the unsymmetrical quinolinyl‐bis‐chalcone 17o bearing a 7‐chloro‐substitution on the N‐benzylquinoline moiety and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy substituent on the phenyl ring, respectively, exhibited the highest overall cytotoxicity against the evaluated cell lines with a GI50 range of 0.16–5.45 µM, with HCT‐116 (GI50 = 0.16) and HT29 (GI50 = 0.42 μM) (colon cancer) representing best‐case scenarios. Notably, several GI50 values for these compounds were lower than those of the reference drugs doxorubicin and 5‐FU. Docking studies performed on selected derivatives yielded very good binding energies in the active site of proteins that participate in key carcinogenic pathways.
YouTube‐based course orientation videos delivered prior to matriculation fail to alleviate medical student anxiety about anatomy
Authors: Attardi Stefanie M. , Gould Douglas J. , Pratt Rebecca L. , Roach Victoria A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGross anatomy is a source of anxiety for matriculating medical students due to the large volume of information presented in a truncated timeline, and because it may be their first exposure to human cadavers. This study aimed to assess if video‐based resources would affect matriculating medical students' anatomy state anxiety levels. Videos were designed to be short, YouTube‐based units that served to provide orientation information about the anatomy course, dissection facilities, and available study resources to dispel anxiety around beginning their anatomy studies. To evaluate the impact of the videos, students in two consecutive matriculating years (2018 and 2019) completed the validated State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and a demographic questionnaire. The 2019 cohort (n = 118) served as the experimental group with access to the videos; while the 2018 cohort (n = 120) without video access served as a historical control. Analyses revealed that the groups were equivalent in terms of trait anxiety (P = 0.854) and anatomy state anxiety even when student video exposure was controlled (P = 0.495). Anatomy state anxiety was only significantly lower in students with prior formal anatomy exposure (P = 0.006). Further inquiry into students' prior anatomy experience identified that individuals with post‐secondary dissection experience were significantly less anxious than those without formal anatomical experience (P = 0.023). These results may serve as a cautionary tale to educators; while preference for video‐based instructional materials is prevalent in the literature, videos delivered on public social media platforms fail to prepare students for the psychological impact of studying human anatomy.
Effect of buscopan, a compound that alleviates cramps, on the developing nervous system of the chick embryo
Authors: Ertekin Ayşe , Atay Emre , Bozkurt Erhan , Aslan Esra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBuscopan is used to treat stomach cramps including those resulting from irritable bowel syndrome, bladder cramps, and pain related to menstruation. Its pregnancy category is determined as C. It has been shown in experimental animal studies that the drug has a negative effect on the embryo, but sufficient and well‐controlled studies have not been conducted in humans. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of buscopan on the development of the neural tube (NT) in chick embryos.MethodsSixty specific pathogen‐free (SPF) fertilized eggs were used. SPF eggs were placed in an incubator and divided into six groups at 28 hr of incubation. Five different doses (low to high) of buscopan were injected sub‐blastodermally. At the end of 48 hr, the embryos were evaluated morphologically and histopathologically. The argyrophilic nucleolar‐organizing region (AgNOR) method was used in this study to determine the proliferation activity of cells in NT development in chick embryos. AgNOR number and total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAA/NA) were detected for each embryo.ResultsDepending on the dose, the embryo's crown‐rump length and somite number decreased (p < .05). Significant differences were detected among all groups for mean AgNOR number (p < .05) and TAA/NA ratio (p < .05).ConclusionsConsidering the average count of AgNOR cells and TAA/NA ratio, it was found that there was a decrease in cell division depending on the dose. It was determined that buscopan treatment on chick embryos adversely affected early nervous system and NT development.