bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An audit of safety reporting in randomized controlled trials over a five-year period in a high impact factor journal
Authors: Konwar M , Mamde A , Patankar P , Thatte UM , Gogtay NJ 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Randomized controlled trials [RCTs] form the corner-stone of evidence-based medicine. RCTs published in high impact factor journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine [NEJM] are a key driver of clinical practice and policy decisions. RCTs are expected to report both efficacy and safety, however, safety reporting in many studies tends to be poor. The present audit was undertaken with the primary objective of evaluating safety reporting during a five-year period in all RCTs published in the NEJM.

Methods:
PubMed alone was searched for RCTs published in NEJM from 2013-17. Each RCT was searched for the following outcome measures –whether the trial was sponsored by pharmaceutical industry or investigator initiated, phase of trial, nature of intervention and therapeutic area in terms of reporting of safety outcomes [with ‘P values’ or ‘95% confidence interval’].

Results:
A total of n=623 articles reported safety outcomes of which 275/623 (44.1%) articles reported statistics for safety outcome. There was significant difference in reporting of safety statistics between investigator initiated studies and pharmaceutical industry sponsored studies, [cOR=4.0, 95% CI 2.8- 5.5 P < 0.001]; phase 3 and phase 4 trials, [cOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.5 - 0.9, P = 0.02]; trials involving drugs and surgery, [cOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.2-3.5, P = 0.01] and in therapeutic areas, cardiovascular and oncology [cOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.1-0.4, P < 0.0001].

Conclusions:
Safety reporting in RCTs continues to take a back seat relative to efficacy reporting and is worse for pharmaceutical industry funded studies. Safety reporting should be emphasized in the CONSORT guidelines.
YABANCI ÜLKELERİN ÜRETTİKLERİ COVID-19 AŞISI BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’YE YÖNELİK YAPTIKLARI PROPAGANDA VE ALGI YÖNETİMİ FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: ÖZDOĞRU Elif Nur 
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada Covid-19 virüsüne karşı geliştirilen aşının konu olduğu haberlerin, Türkiye’ye yönelik propaganda faaliyetleri bağlamında analizi amaçlanmaktadır.
2019 yılında Çin’de ortaya çıkmış olan korona virüsüne karşı ülkeler adeta aşı yarışına girmiştir. Bu aşı yarışında özellikle Rusya, İngiltere, ABD, Almanya ve Çin öne çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca sayılan ülkelerin resmi haber platformlarının Türkiye’de yayın yaptığı bilinmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında her ülkenin kendi aşısını Türkiye’ye nasıl sunduğu analiz edilecektir. Bu amaçla BBC Türkçe, Deutsche Welle Türkçe, Çin Uluslararası Radyosu, Sputnik Türkiye ve Amerika’nın Sesi sitelerinde “covid-19 aşısı” “aşı” “korona virüs aşısı” anahtar kelimeleri ile tarama yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı bu haber platformlarının aşı bağlamında Türkiye’ye yönelik algı yönetimi yapıp yapmadıklarını görmektedir. Veri toplama, 01.08.2020-20.01.2021 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış 854 haberi içermektedir. Tarihler belirlenirken çıkan ilk Covid-19 aşısının tescil tarihi ve Türkiye’de yapılan ilk aşının tarihi göz önüne alınmıştır. Bu haberlerin analizi yapılırken yöntem olarak içerik çözümlemesi ve eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular karşılaştırılarak incelenecektir.
THE PERCEIVED LEVELS OF INTOLERANCE FOR PRESS CRITICISM IN PAKISTANI SOCIETY
Authors: Hussain Fazli , Aleem Noreem , Faisal Samreen 
Published: September 2021

This study examines the existence, intensity and impacts of intolerance for Press criticism in Pakistani society. It’s generally believed that intolerance for Press criticism leads to professional and psychological complexes for the Press to play its role as a voice for unvoiced and to hold those in power accountable because the Press’s role as the Watchdog compulsively needs high capacities of tolerance in the society to understand the realities and habituate rationalism. As working journalists have to face the direct reaction from masses regarding Press criticism so this paper explores journalist’s perceptions about the presence of intolerance in the societal frame of Pakistan regarding Press’s criticism using survey technique under Likert Scale. The study also incorporates the impacts of intolerance on professionalism in media that induce threats to journalists and compel them to exercise self-censorship which ultimately results in content biases, depriving the citizens of fundamental right of expression. The conclusion provides guidelines for policy making on the subject of Press freedom and social coherence. Also, this study enhances understandings regarding the social sphere of the country and gauges the level of intolerance for media discourses.
THE NEO-JURISPRUDENCE OF PIL IN SUPERIOR COURTS OF PAKISTAN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRE AND POST LAWYERS’ MOVEMENT WORKING OF SUPERIOR COURTS
Authors: Solangi Hatim Aziz 
Published: September 2021

The dynamics of the superior judiciary in Pakistan have undergone a drastic transformation in its approach and working in post 2007 emergency followed by a landmark movement of civil and legal fraternity for restoration of constitutional supremacy. The neo-jurisprudence is being applauded and criticized at the same time. The excessive use of Suo-motto and public interest litigation at one hand and frequent judicial review of executive and legislative action on other have been the main source of contention between judiciary and other two pillars of state, legislature and executive. The Superior Court is being recognized as the ultimate savior of fundamental rights and guardian of the constitution as well as rights of the people. At the other extreme, the criticism like activist judiciary; disrespect for popular will and making rather interpreting law are most commonly attributed to Superior Judiciary. The study is qualitative in nature and presents a comparative analysis of trends in Superior Court before and after Lawyers’ movement. The study also aims in justifying the proactive approach especially in providing social justice on failure of state organs to respond to the exigency of time.
Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật nội soi có hỗ trợ Robot điều trị bệnh lý phụ khoa tại Bệnh viện Vinmec
Authors: Nguyễn Thu Hoài , Nguyễn Thị Tân Sinh 
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Phẫu thuật robot là một phương thức tiên tiến tiếp cận điều trị bệnh lý phụ khoa bằng phẫu thuật xâm lấn tối thiểu có ưu điểm giảm nguy cơ chảy máu, giảm biến chứng và rút ngắn thời gian nằm viện. Tại Việt Nam, từ năm 2017 đến nay, Bệnh viện Vinmec là bệnh viện duy nhất áp dụng phẫu thuật nội soi robot điều trị bệnh lý phụ khoa và ghi nhận một số kết quả khả quan. Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm nhận xét kết quả phẫu thuật nội soi robot điều trị bệnh lý phụ khoa tại Bệnh viện đa khoa quốc tế Vinmec.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Thống kê mô tả loạt ca triển khai ứng dụng kỹ thuật gồm 32 bệnh nhân đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn chọn bệnh để tiến hành phẫu thuật robot.
Kết quả: Phẫu thuật robot là phương pháp mổ nội soi an toàn với các bệnh lý phụ khoa lành tính và ác tính, có thể áp dụng cho bệnh nhân cao tuổi, bệnh nhân mắc một số bệnh lý nền, bệnh nhân có tiền sử mổ cũ, ổ bụng dính. Thời gian phẫu thuật tuy lâu hơn so với phẫu thuật nội soi thông thường nhưng phẫu thuật robot can thiệp tối thiểu, xâm lấn ít, hạn chế mất máu và ít gây đau, có tỷ lệ biến chứng sau mổ thấp, bệnh nhân hồi phục sau mổ nhanh.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi robot có thể triển khai áp dụng tại Việt Nam cho các bệnh lý phụ khoa lành tính và ác tính.
Nghiên cứu thiết lập khoảng giá trị tham chiếu cho các chỉ số Doppler động mạch phổi ở thai nhi có tăng trưởng bình thường
Authors: Phạm Minh Sơn , Nguyễn Vũ Quốc Huy , Trần Đình Vinh 
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Thiết lập khoảng giá trị tham chiếu cho các chỉ số Doppler động mạch phổi ở thai nhi có tăng trưởng bình thường.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang, tiến cứu, bao gồm 168 thai kỳ đơn thai có tuổi thai từ 28-40 tuần và tăng trưởng thai nhi bình thường. Khảo sát động mạch phổi chính của thai nhi bằng Doppler xung để đo các thông số sau: thời gian tăng tốc (AT), thời gian tống xuất (ET), tốc độ tối đa dòng chảy đạt được trong thì tâm thu (PSV), chỉ số xung (PI). Từ các phép đo, tính toán tỷ số AT/ET.
Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của thai phụ trong nghiên cứu này là 29,79 ± 5,47 tuổi. Tuổi thai trung bình và cân nặng trung bình lúc sinh của thai nhi lần lượt là 35,55 ± 2,73 tuần và 2547 ± 647 gram. Có sự tăng dần có ý nghĩa thống kê của các thông số PSV, AT, và tỷ số AT/ET theo tuổi thai. Trong khi đó, PI giảm dần theo tuổi thai và có ý nghĩa thống kê. Sự biến thiên ET không có ý nghĩa trong suốt thai kỳ.
Kết luận: Một khoảng giá trị tham chiếu cho các thông số Doppler động mạch phổi chính ở thai tăng trưởng bình thường đã được thiết lập. Đó là một nguồn tham khảo để đối chiếu với những giá trị của các thông số Doppler dòng chảy động mạch phổi chính thai nhi trong thực hành lâm sàng.
Modelo educativo en el nivel de conocimiento de madres y recuperación de lactantes con riesgo de desnutrición
Authors: Ramírez-Chumbe Isabel 
Published: September 2021

Investigación dirigida a determinar la efectividad del modelo educativo alimentario en el nivel de conocimiento de las madres y en la recuperación de lactantes de 6 a 11 meses con riesgo de desnutrición del Puesto de Salud Húsares del Perú. Tipo cuasi experimental, analítico, prospectivo y longitudinal, cuya muestra estuvo constituida por 15 madres y 15 niños entre 6 a 11 meses en riesgo de desnutrición. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante las técnicas de entrevista, antropometría y demostración. El cuestionario permitió medir el nivel de conocimiento de las madres en alimentación y nutrición. La ficha de evaluación antropométrica permitió observar la pérdida, ganancia y recuperación del peso y el programa del modelo educativo de alimentación. Los resultados fueron: El nivel de conocimiento antes de la intervención fue bajo (60%) y después alto (73.3%) y en cuanto a la recuperación del riesgo de desnutrición antes de la intervención el peso promedio fue de 7,87kg y después de la 2 intervención a 90 días, 93.33% (14) tuvieron de 8 a 9 Kg. Al aplicar el test X (chi cuadrado) para la 2 2 variable nivel de conocimiento resultó X = 18.4 > X . Y para el riesgo de desnutrición T Student, t = C T c 4.63 a los 90 días altamente signicativo. Por tanto H = X >X , el modelo educativo alimentario pro- 1 2 1 duce efecto signicativo en el nivel de conocimiento de las madres y en la recuperación de lactantes de 6 a 11 meses con riesgo de desnutrición del Puesto de Salud Húsares del Perú Pucallpa 2012.
ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT POLICIES IN THE STANDARD FIELD OF FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDONESIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Elpina Depi , Marzam R. , Rusdinal R. , Gustituati Nurhizrah 
Published: September 2021

<p>The purpose of this article is to know the management and policies based on the regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 of 2007 relating to facilities and infrastructure for elementary schools. The method used is a literature study because it evaluates Indonesian education standards, particularly facilities and infrastructure in elementary schools. The results showed that the standard of facilities and infrastructure was still categorized as low because schools with complete facilities were only for schools with good accreditation; conversely, schools with good accreditation did not have complete facilities. The geographic area is the influence of each school. The geographic area of each school influences each school’s geographic area for the standard of financing for facilities and infrastructure in elementary schools.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0520/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EFFECTS OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NYERI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Wangui Nderitu Eunice , Felistus Makhamara 
Published: September 2021

<p>Human resource management (HRM) practices entail policies, systems, and methods that govern workplace employees. They are the processes or functions applied to manage workers and direct them in an organization towards development. Some of the HRM practices include recruitment, screening, selection, development, training, and rewarding of staff. A number of studies to investigate the interaction between HRM practices and organizational performance have been conducted. Many of these studies have been done in the manufacturing or health sectors, with very few having been carried out in private secondary schools. This background is what has necessitated this study in order to investigate the effect of human resource management practices on the performance of private secondary schools in Nyeri County, in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of recruitment, staff development and reward practices on organizational productivity and performance. The study used four theories i.e. Resource-Based View, the Social Exchange Theories, McGregor’s theory X and Y, and the Human Capital to support it. The study targeted a population of 440 subjects. This included principals and their deputies, departmental heads, and classroom teachers of the private secondary schools in Nyeri County. The study adopted descriptive research design. The study applied stratified random sampling technique to pick schools for the research. Interview schedule was used for collecting data from principals, while data from the teachers was obtained through the utilization of questionnaires. The reliability of instruments in this study was established through Cronbach’s alpha, while they were validated through content, construct, and discussion with the supervisor. Descriptive statistics were utilized in the analysis quantitative data with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 to generate them. Qualitative data was analysed by thematic analysis, content analysis and discussion. The findings of the study were presented in frequency distribution tables. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0886/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
A feministic critique of Jamil Ahmed’s The Wandering Falcon
Authors: Qasim Zareena , Iftikhar Adeela , Qasim Asifa 
Published: September 2021

The study investigates the novel The Wandering Falcon (2011) by Jamil Ahmad in the milieu of feminist approach. It qualitatively explores the text for the representation of women: the treatment of women by men, and their position in the patriarchal society. The novel is analysed by employing De-Beauvoir’s (1949) feministic philosophical approach in The Second Sex. This research explores the way power is exercised over women in the novel and the suppression of women by men plays as an instrument of transmission of customs and traditions. This research is to explore the novel from a feministic perspective to unveil the hidden realities in the novel regarding women to find out what sort of oppression is faced by women in the novel and to explore the general problems of women in the novel. It is found that in the context of the novel, women are treated unjustly by men. They are deprived of their rights and are taken as commodities in the patriarchal society. Women are stereotypically presented as having no identity, no freedom, and no voice of their own. Being treated as objects and things to be traded by men, women in the novel are found facing domestic violence, sexual objectification, and extra judicial killings.
Penerapan Teknik Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Activity serta Perolehan dari Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa SMA
Authors: Yusril Mr. 
Published: September 2021

Discovery Learning (Pembelajaran Penemuan) merupakan suatu teknik dalam pengajaran dengan berbagai macam cara supaya anak mendapatkan pengetahuan yang lebih dari sebelumnya, yang mulanya belum mengetahuinya, hal tersebut tidak melewati pemberitahuan, beberapa maupun keseluruhannya dapat ditemukan dengan sendirinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami penerapan teknik discovery learning yang mampu menaikkan activity serta perolehan dari pembelajaran Matematika dengan materi Data Berdistribusi Normal pada siswa kelas XII jurusan IPA di SMAN 2 Mukomuko tahun pembelajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan tindakan di kelas (Classroom Action Research). Penelitian dilaksanakan di kelas XII IPA SMAN 2 Mukomuko yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga Maret 2020. Perolehan dari penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa dengan penerapan teknik discovery learning bisa menaikkan activity serta perolehan dari pembelajaran matematika materi Data berdistribusi normal kelas XII IPA SMAN 2 Mukomuko Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020. Hal tersebut ditunjukan dengan 1) apabila setiap mata pembelajaran meningkat sebelum activity pelajar, 29% akan diambil hanya sekali di kelas, pada siklus I persentase activity pelajar meningkat menjadi 66% dalam kategori cukup, serta prosesnya akan berlangsung pada siklus II. Meningkat menjadi 84.% Baik di kelas yang baik. 2) Perolehan dari pembelajaran meningkat karena peningkatan perolehan dari pembelajaran pelajar pada fase pra sesi Siklus I serta Siklus II. Sebelum pengujian yang dilakukan, ditemukan 30 pelajar memiliki skor 21 atau 75% di bawah KKM 65, 7 atau 25% di atas KKM 65, serta skor rata-rata 61,94. Selain itu, pada siklus I 30 pelajar, 60% dari 18 pelajar atau anak memperoleh skor di bawah KKM 75, serta 12 pelajar atau 40% melebihi KKM 75 dengan skor rata-rata 70,69. Ada data, 30 siswa pada data yang diperoleh merupakan 5 pelajar atau 17% memiliki skor kurang dari 75 serta 25 pelajar atau 83% memiliki skor rata-rata 76,38 yang melebihi KKM 75.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Melalui Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terintegrasi Portal Rumah Belajar untuk Siswa SD
Authors: Supriyatni Mrs. 
Published: September 2021

SD Negeri 6 Lubuk Besar merupakan sekolah dasar yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Keberadaan sekolah ini berada pada wilayah kecamatan mayoritas peserta didiknya berasal dari masyarakat desa di sekitar wilayah sekolah berada. Masyarakat desanya pun memiliki mata pencaharian yang homogen karena mayoritas orang tua dari peserta didik bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan,pekebun dan penambang timah konvensional. Selain struktur mata pencaharian yang homogen, rata-rata latar belakang pendidikan orang tua dari peserta didik di SDN 6 Lubuk Besar adalah tamatan SD dan SMP. Kondisi ini membawa pengaruh kepada motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar peserta didik yang cenderung rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran ekonomi bagi siswa SDN 6 Lubuk Besar dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran flipped classroom berbasis Portal Rumah Belajar. Melalui inovasi dalam model pembelajaran di kelas diharapkan peserta didik di SDN 6 Lubuk Besar tumbuh motivasi belajarnya yang kemudian akan berpengaruh kepada hasil belajar peserta didik khususnya untuk mata pelajaran IPA.
Pendidikan Kesehatan Gizi pada Ibu Hamil di Desa Banjarsari Kecamatan Nglames Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Villasari Asasih 
Published: September 2021

Status gizi masyarakat yang baik merupakan salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan dan tidak terpisahkan dari pembangunan nasional secara keseluruhan. Gizi seimbang ibu hamil adalah keadaan keseimbangan antara gizi yang diperlukan oleh ibu hamil untuk kesehatan ibu dan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janinnya yang dapat dipenuhi oleh asupan gizi dari aneka ragam makanan. Apabila Ibu hamil diberikan pendidikan mengenai gizi yang baik untuk meningkatkan asupan makanannya serta memperbaiki pola makannya, tidak hanya masalah anemia defisiensi besi saja yang teratasi namun resiko kurang energi kronis juga akan menurun dan nantinya prevalensi kematian ibu dan lahirnya BBLR akan menurun, dengan demikian, kualitas sumber daya manusia akan meningkat. Dengan adanya antusiasme warga yang sangat bersemangat saat pelaksanaan penyuluhan, pendidikan kesehatan diharapkan bisa meningkatkan wawasan dan pemahamannya tentang pentingnya gizi yang baik bagi ibu hamil di Banjarsari Kec. Nglames Kab Madiun.
EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT LIABILITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA
Authors: Matanda Joshua , Mbalu Samuel 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of external debt liability on economic growth in Kenya.
Materials and Methods: The descriptive research design was adopted. The target population was three institutions: The National Treasury, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, and the World Bank. The study used time series data. The designated sample for this study covered a period of 43 years (1977–2019). Secondary data was used in this study. The data collected was on GDP of Kenya between 1977 and 2019, External public debt in terms of US dollars from 1977 to 2019, External private debt from 1977 and 2019 and external debt service payments from 1977 to 2019, all in US dollars. A data collection sheet was used to collect the data on the four variables. World Bank and World Development Indicator economic Meta data and published data by Central Bank of Kenya and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics were the source of data for this study. The study used Eviews version 10 for analyzing and presenting study findings. The study employed multivariate time series and panel data regression analysis. The model employed GDP as a measure of economic growth and external public debt, external private debt, and external debt service payment as its main independent variables.
Results: The study found out that only the external private debt and the debt service payment showed bilateral causal relationship. External public debt and external private debt had a positive and significant effect on the GDP, indicating that external debt promotes economic growth in Kenya. The external debt service payment showed a negative and a significant effect on the GDP as well. The model explained 97% variability of the GDP as explained by the three independent variables combined. The 3% is attributed to other factors, not included in this study.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends a more robust multivariate model to be employed to include more macro-economic variables to explain economic growth. A decade-to-decade comparison can also be done to compare the effects of the external debt on Kenyan economic growth in different time intervals. Fiscal and monetary policies should be reviewed to encourage more domestic and foreign investments and discourage external borrowing to fund budget deficits or projects with low or no returns.
The Psychosocial Development of the Seminarians and the Positive affirmation Skills Intervention (PASI)
Authors: Gegajo Gracia 
Published: September 2021

A group of Filipino seminarians (experimental group) had an intervention of Positive thoughts enhancement and Interpersonal skills developed by the researcher (11 modules) tailored fit for a Filipino culture seminarians and another group of Filipino seminarians (controlled group) had a normal setting lecture of formation. A pre-test and posttest of the seminarians’ psychosocial development with a Psychosocial Development measurement tool (The Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory - MEPSI) was used to find out if there was an efficacy of the intervention. The posttest result of the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group which indicated that the intervention program (Positive Affirmation Skills Intervention – (PASI) was effective on the Psychosocial Development of the Seminarians. An incremental increase in the scores of the experimental group after exposure in the intervention and the participants in the experimental group experienced not only an enhancement of their psychosocial development attributes but had a high level of self-depth as compared to the control group which made an impact on their psychosocial development characteristics and attributes.