bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Learning Agile Behavior
Authors: Harvey Veronica Schmidt , Prager Raphael Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
“Developing Learning Agile Behavior: A Model and Overview” focuses on how the development of learning agility creates a competitive advantage for leaders and their organizations. This chapter summarizes theories relevant to learning agility that have evolved over the past 50 years and the factors likely to influence learning agility development. An integrated learning agility model is proposed, the Learning Agile Process, consisting of (1) identifying the need for change, (2) planning for change, (3) implementing change, and (4) regulating and monitoring change. The model also outlines Learning Agile Behaviors that enable leaders to navigate this process: (1) observing, (2) doing, (3) connecting, (4) thinking, and (5) mobilizing. Thirty practical, learnable strategies for increasing learning agility are also provided. The chapter concludes with questions that remain to be answered in understanding the behaviors that contribute to agile learning.
Being in Learning Mode
Authors: Heslin Peter A. , Mellish Leigh B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Being in learning mode is a leadership development metacompetency that facilitates agile cultivation of required leadership competencies. The chapter “Being in Learning Mode: A Core Developmental Process for Learning Agility” explains how leaders can foster their learning agility by deliberately engaging in the developmental processes involved in being in learning mode. Doing so involves priming a growth mindset within themselves and those they lead, before deliberately cycling through relevant approach, action, and reflection experiential learning processes to develop a targeted competency. Implications are discussed for leaders and organizations concerned with cultivating learning agility, as well as for scholars interested in conducting research on the role of being in learning mode in enabling leaders to be agile learners.
Developing Learning Agile Leaders
Authors: Leisten Jessie , Donohue Jim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
“Developing Learning Agile Leaders: What We Can Learn From the Top Companies for Leaders” describes the link between learning agile leaders and the organizational practices that support and drive this capability. The basis for the insights was derived from nearly 20 years of practitioner research demonstrating the tactics used by leading global organizations of the twenty-first century (Top Companies for Leaders). Furthermore, the chapter examines how the focus on critical aspects of learning agility (e.g., resilience, engaging leadership, and self-awareness) became a tipping point for creating talent programs and practices that nimbly address the changing corporate landscape. The chapter provides tangible examples of learning agility in action to assist practitioners and academicians in the pursuit of unlocking the power of leaders and their teams.
Holy Motors
Authors: Landesman Ohad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Holy Motors (2012, dir. Leos Carax) is a film that poses many challenges for the viewer. It proceeds without any narrative logic, embraces a fragmented and disorienting structure, provides unmotivated character behavior, and produces epistemological confusion. This chapter argues that Carax’s film should be understood primarily as a metacinematic work about both the death of cinema and its concurrent rebirth, and that it represents and complicates cultural and critical anxieties about the impact of new technologies on cinema’s development in the twenty-first century. Holy Motors is used as a rich case study for evaluating the merits and limitations of mourning cinema’s passing era in the midst of the technological revolution. The film, it is argued, invites us to re-evaluate today the early rhetoric of crisis, death, and rupture, prevalent in the early days of digital cinema, and to trace not only what has been arguably lost in the transition, but also what could be ultimately gained from it.
Funny Games
Authors: Schofield Paul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with Michael Haneke’s Funny Games and the role of imagination in cinematic engagement. Drawing upon the work of Richard Moran, the chapter shows how Funny Games makes the case that a film’s audience is, through its imaginative engagement, morally implicated in the events depicted on screen. I demonstrate that Funny Games develops certain themes found in Moran’s “The Expression of Feeling in Imagination.” While the bulk of Moran’s article is devoted to attacking a particular trend in the philosophical aesthetics literature, wherein film viewing is understood as an exercise in make-believe, Moran ends on a constructive note, recommending additional ways that imagination might be deployed for the purpose of appreciating art. My suggestion is that Funny Games uses the resources of its medium to investigate the role of imagination in our engagement with film in ways first suggested by Moran, thereby engaging philosophically with questions about aesthetics, art, and the philosophy of film.
The Act of Killing
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the most remarkable features of The Act of Killing (2012, dir. Joshua Oppenheimer), a documentary film concerned with the Indonesian genocide of 1965–66, is the breakdown that one of the former perpetrators experiences as a result of playing a victim during a filmed re-enactment of the torture he participated in over forty years earlier. This chapter analyzes the unusual nature of this re-enactment using ideas from cognitive film theory in order to explain two things: first, how such a breakdown could occur; second, how it triggers an empathetic reaction previously unavailable to the perpetrator in which he comes to understand the suffering of the victims of his crimes.
The Return of Medium Specificity Claims and the Evaluation of the Moving Image
Authors: Carroll Noël 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the traditional notion of medium specificity and its relevance to evaluation, along with recent revivals of the thesis in the work of Berys Gaut and Dominic Lopes. The chapter criticizes various versions of the medium specificity thesis – both past and present -- and offers an alternative approach to the evaluation of moving images.
Philosophizing through the Moving Image
Authors: Carroll Noël 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter defends the possibility of some motion pictures doing philosophy on the grounds that some motion pictures have already done so, including Enie Gehr’s Serene Velocity. Special attention is paid to the avant-garde genre of what the author calls “Minimal Film” (a.k.a. “Structural Film”) and the way in which that arena of practice makes philosophical discourse via the moving image possible.
Images of Discipline
Authors: Bock Mary Angela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter studies the way criminal punishment has been presented visually over time, starting with the last public hanging in the United States, then examining the way contemporary executions are visualized, and concluding with a discussion of the challenges journalists face in covering the prison system. The execution of Rainey Bethea in Owensboro, Kentucky, in 1936 was the last legally adjudicated hanging in the United States. An analysis of the resulting news narratives and discourse from Owensboro residents, when coupled with interviews from contemporary journalists who cover executions, suggests that while visual news practices are markedly different, the prevailing ideological constructs of law enforcement’s patriarchal legitimacy remain constant. Finally, while surveillance cameras and smartphones have offered new views into prison practices, the carceral state remains largely invisible in the news. The chapter ends with a normative discussion of journalism’s responsibilities to the audience, including people who are incarcerated.
Walks of Shame
Authors: Bock Mary Angela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the cultural trope of the perp walk and the grounded practices involved with their construction. While perp walks are often presented as spontaneous encounters between journalists and a defendant, they are more often produced; the result of interpersonal and institutional negotiations between news organizations and law enforcement. The images from these orchestrations visually frame individuals as guilty, and those who have experienced the ritual report it to be dehumanizing. This research expands on the concept of embodied gatekeeping by detailing the way grounded practice shapes narratives that support and perpetuate faith in the criminal justice system’s legitimate authority. The role of police and prosecutors in orchestrating perp walks is rarely, if ever, acknowledged or covered in journalism. The production of these cultural tropes signifies an important dimension of the way embodied gatekeeping can link the goals of visual journalists and criminal justice officials.
Police and Image Maintenance
Authors: Bock Mary Angela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Video evidence of use-of-force incidents has changed the conversation about policing in the United States and undermined faith in law enforcement. This chapter presents a critical discourse analysis of police efforts to maintain a positive public image. First, the chapter identifies three rhetorical strategies used by law enforcement in pursuit of image repair. When they cannot control the original creation and framing of an image through embodied gatekeeping, officials negotiate its recontextualization by controlling the narrative, explaining procedures, or appealing to the public’s respect for authority. Many departments are also crafting their own visual messaging, with social media accounts that highlight good deeds caught on badge cams or with lighthearted in-house video productions such as the 2018 Lip Sync Challenge. A close reading of the Lip Sync Challenge finds that its productions tended to reify, rather than dispute, the white, militaristic, hypermasculine culture that police accountability activists condemn.
What Role Can Science Education Play?
Authors: Sinatra Gale M. , Hofer Barbara K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In international tests, the United States lags behind other developed nations in scientific knowledge, consistently scoring in the middle of the pack, motivating calls to strengthen the science curriculum in the United States, as reflected by the current standards movements in education. As educators, the authors make the case in Chapter 3, “What Role Can Science Education Play?,” that while increases in science instruction in K–12 education would be a net gain for increasing public understanding of science, education alone has its limits in addressing the broader problem. They provide examples from their own research and that of others of national trends that show the value of focusing science education on the process of how scientific knowledge is created and vetted. The authors offer suggestions to educators, communicators, and policy makers for supporting public understanding of science.
How Do Cognitive Biases Influence Reasoning?
Authors: Sinatra Gale M. , Hofer Barbara K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Individuals like to think of themselves as rational actors, careful and considered in their thinking and capable of sound and reliable judgments. Yet people often engage in automatic, reflexive thinking. It takes effort to turn on the reflective, deliberative mind; and humans are basically cognitive misers. In Chapter 4, “How Do Cognitive Biases Influence Reasoning?,” the authors explain how particular cognitive biases such as confirmation bias, the availability heuristic, illusions of understanding, and the appeal of intuitive theories, influence reasoning about scientific issues. They explain how difficult it is to stay open to new perspectives and to fairly evaluate information that challenges what one thinks one knows—or wants to believe is true. They offer suggestions for what individuals and educators can do to engage in and promote the effortful work of reflective thinking and how to check one’s own biases when interpreting complex scientific topics.
How Do Individuals Think About Knowledge and Knowing?
Authors: Sinatra Gale M. , Hofer Barbara K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In everyday encounters with new information, conflicting ideas, and claims made by others, one has to decide who and what to believe. Can one trust what scientists say? What’s the best source of information? These are questions that involve thinking and reasoning about knowledge, or what psychologists call “epistemic cognition.” In Chapter 5, “How Do Individuals Think About Knowledge and Knowing?,” the authors explain how public misunderstanding of scientific claims can often be linked to misconceptions about the scientific enterprise itself. Drawing on their own research and that of others, the authors explain how individuals’ thinking about knowledge influences their science doubt, resistance, and denial. They explain how educators and communicators can enhance public understanding of science by emphasizing how scientific knowledge is created and evaluated and why it should be valued.
Introduction
Authors: Hesselink Martijn W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides the introduction to the book. It sets out how it will explore the normative foundations of European contract law by addressing fundamental political questions on contract law in Europe from the perspective of leading contemporary political theories. It states the book’s main aims and starting points, and introduces its methodology. The chapter also explains how the approach and focus of this study differs from all other contributions to contract theory, private law theory, and the theory of European law—in particular how it aims to move the debate beyond acquis positivism, market reductionism, normative intuitionism, private law essentialism, and methodological nationalism.
Context
Authors: Hesselink Martijn W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The chapter presents the states of play in the two debates which this book aims to bring together, i.e. European contract law and political philosophy, and is intended for those readers who are not familiar with these debates. The first section offers an introduction to the Europeanization of contract law. Its main purpose is to set the scene, as it were, without unduly framing the argument. Thus, it introduces the main milestones, players, acts, and controversies. The objective is to provide the reader with a general but concrete sense of what is meant by ‘European contract law’. The second section, similarly, provides a brief introduction to normative political philosophy. It sketches the main traits of some of the leading contemporary political theories, with a special focus on aspects relevant for (European) contract law. Finally, a third section further sets the scene by briefly presenting the various pluralities with which any contemporary theory of contract law is confronted, i.e. the variety of contract types that parties may conclude, the different systems of contract law existing in the Member States of the EU, and the various roles that contract law plays in our lives. The section concludes by briefly introducing the main stances one may adopt, as a law maker or as a theorist, towards these pluralities, i.e. monism, pluralism (constrained or unconstrained), and neutralism.
Democratic Basis
Authors: Hesselink Martijn W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter concerns the relationship between contract law and democracy. The central question is whether contract law, in order to be legitimate, must have a democratic basis, and what this would entail. This leads to a normative institutional comparison between legislators, courts, legal academics, and economic-sectoral experts as the protagonists in contract law making. In addition, beyond the matter of institutional choice, the question of democratic legitimacy may lead to the question of whether there are any limits as to the kind of reasons (‘public reasons’) that can justify the law, in our case European contract law.
Optionality
Authors: Hesselink Martijn W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This Chapter focuses on a distinctive characteristic of an important portion of contemporary rules of contract law that sets them apart not only from public law but also from other branches of private law (e.g. property and family law), i.e. that these rules can be set aside freely by the contracting parties. Contrary to national civil codes, however, positive EU contract law does not include many instances of non-mandatory rules. This raises the question of what exactly justifies the existence of such optional rules: should public institutions be providing elaborate sets of contract law rules if private parties can set them aside as they please, and, if so, what kind of considerations should determine the content of such rules? Similar questions can be asked with respect to other instances of optional contract law, such as choice of law in cross-border contracts.
Perception and Extramission in De quantitate animae
Authors: Kalderon Mark Eli 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Augustine is commonly interpreted as endorsing an extramission theory of perception in De quantitate animae. A close examination of the text shows, instead, that he is committed to its rejection. The discussion ends with some remarks about what it takes for an account of perception to be an extramission theory and with a review of the strength of evidence for attributing the extramission theory to Augustine on the basis of his other works.
Disability, Chronic Pain, and Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Authors: Beaumont David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The concept of disability (including the WHO definition). Case example: disability cf ‘challenge’. Chronic pain, chronic fatigue, and spina bifida, Author’s keynote speech to New Zealand Disability Support Network. The experience of 100 people with different disabilities: system failure and ‘all some doctors see is my disability’. Author’s personal experience of disability resulting from osteoarthritis in both hips. Effect of aquajogging and gentle walking in easing pain, losing weight, and lifting mood. The experience of pain. Chronic pain syndrome and Professor Clifford Woolf’s (Harvard Medical School) 1983 definition of central sensitization. The role of the brain in the experience of pain. Central sensitization and case examples of carpal tunnel syndrome and low back pain. Regional pain syndrome, pain medication and the patient’s expertise with gabapentin. Number needed to treat of gabapentin is 6–8. Effectiveness of paracetamol. Medically unexplained symptoms explained, the example of fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome. The concept of ‘curing’ compared with ‘healing’. The concept of homeostasis. The WHO’s ICD-11 (2018) and the new overarching concept of bodily distress disorder.
Physical Health—Te Taha Tinana
Authors: Beaumont David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Māori model of health considers physical health as the cornerstone of Western medicine. Maslow’s understanding of homeostasis. Seligman’s PERMA model and vitality. The relationship between vitality and ageing, and the author’s experience after a heart attack: ‘You look like an old man.’ Telomeres, stress, and ageing—‘you are only as old as you feel’. Professor Elizabeth Blackburn (and her PhD student Carol Greider)’s Nobel Prize-winning research on telomerase. The concept of healthspan. Lifestyle choices and optimum health and wellbeing. Epigenetics and Dr David Sinclair’s book, Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don’t Have To. Sir Harry Burns on the role of the environment and Glasgow effect. Tertiary prevention and the author’s experience. The science of nutrition and diet. The work of Professor Grant Schofield, author of What the Fat? and What the Fast?, who promotes a healthy fat, Mediterranean diet, with low carbohydrates and intermittent fasting. The science of sleep and its role in obesity.
The belated emergence of the customary international law of human rights
Authors: Schabas William A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and of the treaties it spawned did not refer to customary law as a source. Only in the 1960s and 1970s did jurists start to speak of human rights as customary law, largely out of frustration with the slow pace of ratification of the human rights treaties. Lawyers in the United States were especially enthusiastic, especially after courts began applying custom to the Alien Torts Act, and in 1987 the American Law Institute issued an authoritative statement. A major study by Theodor Meron followed. The United Nations Human Rights Committee produced a list of customary norms in the General Comments. Writers contended that State practice was less significant in the identification of custom.
Wrongdoing and the Moral Emotions
Authors: Pereboom Derk 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This book provides an account of how we might address wrongdoing given challenges to anger and retribution that arise from ethical considerations and from concerns about free will. It contends that we should dispense with basically deserved pain and harm, and with associated retributive sentiments. Without such desert, how might we understand blame? Blame can be conceived as taking on a non-retributive stance of moral protest, whose function is to secure forward-looking goals such as moral reform and reconciliation. Is it possible to justify effectively dealing with those who pose dangerous threats if they do not deserve to be harmed? Wrongfully posing such a threat, by contrast with deserving harm for posing the threat, is proposed as the core condition for the legitimacy of defensive harming. An account is then provided for addressing criminal behavior without a retributive justification for punishment, one in which the right of self-defense provides justification for measures such as preventative detention. How might we forgive if wrongdoers don’t basically deserve the pain of being resented, which forgiveness would then renounce? Forgiveness might instead be conceived as the renunciation of the stance of moral protest. But how might personal relationships function without retributive anger having a role in responding to wrongdoing? The stance of moral protest, together with non-retributive emotions, is argued to be sufficient. The book closes with a consideration of attitudes regarding the fate of humanity in a deterministic universe replete with wrongdoing, and defends the rationality of a transcendent hope for humanity.
The Stance of Moral Protest
Authors: Pereboom Derk 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 sets out a conception of blame without the notion of deserved pain or harm. To blame is instead to take on a non-retributive stance of moral protest. The reasons for taking on this stance are forward looking: moral formation or reconciliation in a relationship that has been impaired as a result of the wrongdoing, protection from wrongdoing, and restoration of the integrity of its victims. Regret, a painful response to one’s own wrongdoing which by contrast with guilt (by stipulation) does not involve the supposition that the pain it involves is basically deserved, may appropriately accompany self-blame. The pain of guilt, an attitude distinct from regret, conceptually involves basic desert since it involves the supposition that it would be prima facie permissible for those who are suitably situated to intentionally impose it on a wrongdoer for a non-instrumental reason. The pain of regret does not involve this supposition.