bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kelp‐associated Microbiota are Structured by Host Anatomy1
Authors: Lemay Matthew A. , Davis Katherine M. , Martone Patrick T. , Parfrey Laura Wegener 
Published: March 2021

Seaweed‐associated microbiota are essential for the health and resilience of nearshore ecosystems, marine biogeochemical cycling, and host health. Yet much remains unknown about the ecology of seaweed–microbe symbioses. In this study, we quantified fine‐scale patterns of microbial community structure across distinct anatomical regions of the kelp Laminaria setchellii. These anatomical regions represent a gradient of tissue ages: perennial holdfasts can be several years old, whereas stipe epicortex and blades are younger annual structures. Within blades, new growth occurs at the base, while the blade tips may be several months old and undergoing senescence. We hypothesized that microbial communities will differ across anatomical regions (holdfast, stipe, blade base, and blade tip), such that younger tissues will harbor fewer microbes that are more consistent across replicate individuals. Our data support this hypothesis, with the composition of bacterial (16S rRNA gene) and microeukaryote (18S rRNA gene) communities showing significant differences across the four anatomical regions, with the surfaces of older tissues (holdfast and blade tips) harboring significantly greater microbial richness compared to the younger tissues of the meristematic region. Additional samples collected from the surfaces of new L. setchellii recruits (<1y old) also showed differences in microbial community structure across anatomical regions, which demonstrates that these microbial differences are established early. We also observed this pattern in two additional algal species, suggesting that microbial community structure across host anatomy may be a common feature of the seaweed microbiome.
Stable isotopic signatures of sediment carbon and nitrogen sources and its relation to benthic meiofaunal distribution in the Arctic Kongsfjord
Authors: Jima Mantodi , Jayachandran Paravanparambil Rajakumar , Bijoy Nandan Sivasankaran , Krishnapriya Pariyakkara Parameswaran , Aswathy Nikathithara Kumaran , Krishnan Kottekkatu Padinchati , Harikrishnan Mahadevan , Radhakrishnan Cherupillil Kumaran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the relationship of sediment attributes to meiofaunal composition pattern and its food source in the Kongsfjord. Sediment in the fjord is dominated with silty clay fractions. Ten meiofaunal groups contributed to the meiofaunal composition in the fjord with the dominance of foraminiferans, nematodes and tintinnids. The total density of fauna ranged from 1 ind./10 cm2 to 1,560 ind./10 cm2 whereas the biomass ranged from 0.06 ± 0.002 μg/10 cm2 to 605.1 ± 7.19 μg/10 cm2. On comparing with previous studies, our data exhibited a significant decrease in the overall density and biomass of the meiofauna. Sediment δ13C values were relatively low in the fjord that varied from −21.6‰ to −22.9‰, and this could be due to low CO2 concentrations in the ambient environment. The isotopic value proves that the carbon supply in the fjord sediment is linked to the marine source largely from single‐celled phytoplankton in the photic zones. Isotope value of δ15N increases in the fjord system when marine productivity is relatively high; that also varies from 4.6‰ to 6.8‰, further suggesting that the origin of fjord sediment nitrogen is supplied from the nutrient‐rich warm Atlantic water masses contributing to high marine production in the fjord. TOC/TN values in the fjord were lower than 10%, which also supports our hypothesis that Kongsfjord sediment organic matter was received mainly from marine source.
Exploration of the inter‐annual variability and multi‐scale environmental drivers of European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas (Decapoda: Palinuridae) settlement in the NW Mediterranean
Authors: Muñoz Anabel , Goñi Raquel , Linares Cristina , Kersting Diego , Stobart Ben , Mallol Sandra , Zabala Mikel , Díaz David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDetermining the drivers of key ecological processes of commercial marine species is important to acquire basic and essential knowledge for fisheries management and conservation. Here we report on a long‐term monitoring of the settlement of the European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas, the most commercially important spiny lobster species in the Mediterranean and north‐eastern Atlantic. Densities of recently settled individuals (early benthic juveniles – EBJs) were recorded annually, as an approximation to annual settlement, from 2000 to 2016 (17 years) in three zones of the north‐western Mediterranean: Catalonia (CAT), the Columbretes Islands (COL), and the Balearic Islands (BAL). Settlement, the end point that integrate most of the variability occurred during dispersion, is a complex ecological process governed by the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors that can be in turn influenced by the atmospheric and oceanographic conditions. Using linear regression of the size structure of EBJs, we demonstrate that settlement occurs synchronously in the three study zones. Densities of EBJs were handled as time series, and regression analysis revealed that CAT and COL covaried significantly, but none of them with BAL. Therefore, CAT and COL were analysed together using generalized linear model and much of their joint variability was explained by the mesoscale oceanographic index IDEA. Settlement in BAL showed a different pattern, explained by the joint effect of the atmospheric oscillations NAO and WEMO. Complexity of P. elephas settlement cannot be fully accounted neither for CAT‐COL nor for BAL because settlement seems be driven by more complex unknown multi‐factorial processes. Therefore, further studies are necessary to gain insight into other factors that allow short‐ or medium‐term predictions of settlement. Expanding the study area across the Mediterranean would also allow establishing a complete knowledge of the ecology of the species applicable to the management of the fishery.
Henri de Lubac’s “Mystical Confrontation” with Nietzsche
Authors: Gardner Patrick X. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHenri de Lubac is well‐known for his critical writings on atheist humanists like Friedrich Nietzsche, whom he saw as the most formidable opponent of Christianity. However, few have appreciated the extent to which de Lubac’s confrontation with Nietzsche provided him with an additional motive for creatively retrieving early Christian sources. This article examines de Lubac’s engagement with Nietzsche across his career, focusing on his interpretation of Nietzsche as a mystic. It demonstrates how de Lubac’s understanding of Nietzsche’s mysticism is informed by his resistance to anti‐Semitism and his critique of rationalism in the contemporary French Church. It also shows how this confrontation occasioned some of de Lubac’s most important thoughts on the apologetic value of the Catholic mystical tradition. De Lubac’s response to Nietzsche, therefore, has significant implications for understanding his theology as a whole and the nature of Christian engagement with contemporary atheism.
Skewed Th17/Treg balance during progression and malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Liu Sixuan , Liu Ziyi , Shan Zhongyan , Liu Yuxin , Chen Tianjun , Fang Liangjuan , Quan Hongzhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of our study was to determine the impact of Th17/Treg imbalance on the progression and malignant transformation of oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF).Materials and MethodsTo assess Th17 and Treg expression, overall 52 peripheral blood samples from OSF, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and healthy donors were analyzed by flow cytometry. Thirty normal oral mucosa, 72 OSF, and 90 OSCC samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn peripheral blood samples, in OSCC with OSF, Th17 and Treg expression were significantly higher than those in OSF and OSCC without OSF as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. During OSF progression, Th17 and Th17/Treg ratio showed an increasing trend, while Treg expression showed a decreasing trend. Treg expression was significantly higher in OSCC with OSF than in OSF and OSCC without OSF, whereas the Th17/Treg ratio was significantly lower in OSCC with OSF. Treg expression was significantly correlated with smoking and clinical stage. Th17/Treg ratio was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. A low Th17/Treg ratio was significantly associated with poor prognosis.ConclusionsTh17/Treg ratio is a potential diagnostic indicator for OSF occurrence and malignant transformation and was an independent prognostic factor for OSCC.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Precise In Situ Decompression for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Gao Jin‐mei , Yuan Yu , Gong Ke‐tong , Ma Xin‐long , Chen Xin 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of locating the ulnar nerve compression sites and guiding the small incision so as to decompress the ulnar nerve in situ on the elbow by high‐frequency ultrasound before operation.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 patients who underwent ultrasound‐assisted in situ decompression for cubital tunnel syndrome from May 2018 to August 2019. The patients' average age was 51.13 ± 7.35 years, mean duration of symptoms was 6.51 ± 1.96 months, and mean postoperative follow‐up was 6.07 ± 0.82 months. Nine patients had Dellon's stage mild, 39 had stage moderate, and eight had stage severe. Ultrasound and electromyography were completed in all patients before operation. The presence of ulnar nerve compressive lesion, the specific location, and the reason and extent of compression were determined by ultrasound. A small incision in situ surgery was given to decompress the ulnar nerve according to the pre‐defined compressive sites.ResultsAll patients underwent in situ decompression. The compression sites around the elbow were as follows: two in the arcade of Struthers, one in the medial intermuscular septum, four in the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle, five beside the cyst of the proximal flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and the remaining 44 cases were all from the compression between Osborne's ligament to the two heads of the FCU. The compression localizations diagnosed by ultrasound were confirmed by operations. Preoperative ultrasound confirmed no ulnar nerve subluxation in all cases. The postoperative outcomes were satisfactory. There was no recurrence or aggravation of symptoms in this group of patients according to the modified Bishop scoring system; results showed that 43 cases were excellent, 10 were good, and three were fair.ConclusionsHigh‐frequency ultrasound can accurately and comprehensively evaluate the ulnar nerve compression and the surrounding tissues, thus providing significant guidance for the precise minimally invasive treatment of ulnar nerve compression.
KnetMiner: a comprehensive approach for supporting evidence‐based gene discovery and complex trait analysis across species
Authors: Hassani‐Pak Keywan , Singh Ajit , Brandizi Marco , Hearnshaw Joseph , Parsons Jeremy D. , Amberkar Sandeep , Phillips Andrew L. , Doonan John H. , Rawlings Chris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe generation of new ideas and scientific hypotheses is often the result of extensive literature and database searches, but, with the growing wealth of public and private knowledge, the process of searching diverse and interconnected data to generate new insights into genes, gene networks, traits and diseases is becoming both more complex and more time‐consuming. To guide this technically challenging data integration task and to make gene discovery and hypotheses generation easier for researchers, we have developed a comprehensive software package called KnetMiner which is open‐source and containerized for easy use. KnetMiner is an integrated, intelligent, interactive gene and gene network discovery platform that supports scientists explore and understand the biological stories of complex traits and diseases across species. It features fast algorithms for generating rich interactive gene networks and prioritizing candidate genes based on knowledge mining approaches. KnetMiner is used in many plant science institutions and has been adopted by several plant breeding organizations to accelerate gene discovery. The software is generic and customizable and can therefore be readily applied to new species and data types; for example, it has been applied to pest insects and fungal pathogens; and most recently repurposed to support COVID‐19 research. Here, we give an overview of the main approaches behind KnetMiner and we report plant‐centric case studies for identifying genes, gene networks and trait relationships in Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), as well as, an evidence‐based approach to rank candidate genes under a large Arabidopsis thaliana QTL. KnetMiner is available at: https://knetminer.org.
The role of melanocytes in the human choroidal microenvironment and inflammation: Insights from the transcriptome
Authors: Cioanca Adrian V. , Wu Chieh‐Lin (Stanley) , Natoli Riccardo , Conway R. Max , McCluskey Peter J. , Jager Martine J , Sitiwin Ephrem I. , Eamegdool Steven S. , Madigan Michele C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe choroid within the human eye contains a rich milieu of cells including melanocytes. Human choroidal melanocytes (HCMs) absorb light, regulate free radical production, and were recently shown to modulate inflammation. This study aimed to identify key genes and pathways involved in the inflammatory response of HCMs through the use of RNA‐seq. Primary HCMs were cultured from donor choroids, RNA was extracted from control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated HCMs, and mRNA was sequenced. Functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using gene ontology and gene set enrichment analyses. Representative RNA‐seq results were verified with RT‐qPCR and protein measurements. We detected 100 differentially expressed genes including an array of CCL and CXCL cytokines and mediators of cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion, such as ICAM1, CLDN1, CCN3, ITGA1 and ITGA11. Functional annotation showed that these gene sets control inflammatory pathways, immune cell trafficking, cell–cell adhesion, interactions with the extracellular matrix and blood vessels, angiogenesis and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transitions. Our study provides insights into the transcriptional regulation of primary HCMs in response to inflammatory stimuli and identifies novel melanocyte‐driven mechanisms potentially involved in choroidal homeostasis and inflammation.
Bowel‐associated dermatosis‐arthritis syndrome in a child with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Havele Sonia A. , Clark Ashley K. , Oboite Michelle , Conrad Máire A. , Perman Marissa J. , Rubin Adam I. , Treat James R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 6‐year‐old boy with severe very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO‐IBD) was admitted for 1 week of high fevers, loose stools, joint pains, and myalgias. He subsequently developed a progressive, papular, and vesiculopustular eruption on his face with rapid spread to his trunk and extremities. Histopathology demonstrated dense dermal neutrophilic inflammation. Findings were consistent with bowel‐associated dermatosis‐arthritis syndrome (BADAS), which is rarely reported in children and requires further characterization.
Risks for acquiring hepatitis C virus among women in the United States
Authors: Watts Theresa , Lauver Diane , Snedden Traci , Zahner Susan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a literature review about the breadth of risks for acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) among women who are living in the United States.DesignA mixed research synthesis of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods studies guided by the Socioecological Model and Theory of Gender and Power.Sample and Analytic StrategyThe sample consisted of 29 studies: 10 qualitative, 18 quantitative, and one mixed‐methods studies. Data were analyzed using a segregated approach and integrated into a narrative synthesis of themes by components of the Socioecological Model.ResultsIndividual risks themes were drug use as a coping strategy, transition to injection drug use, and lack of awareness about HCV. Interpersonal risks themes were social norms of drug use and drug use and sexual activities. Community risks themes were community re‐entry, housing instability, and community HCV resources. Societal risks themes are policies affecting drug markets and social construct of “worthlessness.”ConclusionsFindings highlight the need for comprehensive gender‐specific HCV prevention strategies built around harm reduction. In partnership with women with lived experience, public health nurses can apply findings to build harm reduction collaborations aimed at implementing HCV risk‐reduction or risk‐elimination strategies.
North Korean women’s reproductive health experience
Authors: Han Jung Jin , Oh Seung Jin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectives(s)The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of women's reproductive health in North Korea through statements from North Korean female refugees.Design and SampleA qualitative phenomenological study was conducted using Colaizzi's methods. Through purposive and snowball sampling, a total of eight North Korean women refugees were recruited.MeasuresData were collected through in‐depth, unstructured interviews with individual participants.ResultsA total of 18 themes, eight theme clusters, and three categories emerged. The three categories of North Korean women's reproductive health experience were: distorted sexual concepts, internalization of sexual repression, and threat of women's health rights. The study on the reproductive health experiences of North Korean women was based on the premise that their “right to health was threatened due to the internalization of sexual repression by distorted sexual concepts.”ConclusionThe reproductive health of North Korean women must be approached as a fundamental right, and as a human and health right.
Re‐Evaluation of Rat Corneal Damage by Short‐Wavelength UV Revealed Extremely Less Hazardous Property of Far‐UV‐C†
Authors: Kaidzu Sachiko , Sugihara Kazunobu , Sasaki Masahiro , Nishiaki Aiko , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Igarashi Tatsushi , Tanito Masaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCorneal damage‐induced various wavelength UV (311, 254, 235, 222 and 207 nm) was evaluated in rats. For 207 and 222‐UV‐C, the threshold radiant exposure was between 10 000 and 15 000 mJ cm−2 at 207 nm and between 3500 and 5000 mJ cm−2 at 222 nm. Penetrate depth to the cornea indicated by cyclobutene pyrimidine dimer (CPD) localization immediately after irradiation was dependent on the wavelength. 311 and 254 nm UV penetrate to corneal endothelium, 235 nm UVC to the intermediate part of corneal stroma, 222 and 207 nm UVC only to the most outer layer of corneal epithelium. CPD observed in corneal epithelium irradiated by 222 nm UVC disappeared until 12 h after. The minimum dose to induce corneal damage of short‐wavelength UV‐C was considerably higher than the threshold limit value (TLV®) promulgated by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The property that explains why UV‐C radiation at 207 and 222 nm is extremely less hazardous than longer UV wavelengths is the fact that this radiation only penetrates to the outermost layer of the corneal epithelium. These cells typically peel off within 24 h during the physiological turnover cycle. Hence, short‐wavelength UV‐C might be less hazardous to the cornea than previously considered until today.
Identification of RNA silencing suppressor encoded by wheat blue dwarf (WBD) phytoplasma
Authors: Wang L. , Chen W. , Ma H. , Li J. , Hao X. , Wu Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Plants possess an innate immune system for defence against pathogens. In turn, pathogens have various strategies to overcome complex plant defences. Among diverse pathogens, phytoplasmas are associated with serious diseases in a range of species. RNA silencing serves as an efficient defence system against pathogens in eukaryotes but can be interrupted by RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs) encoded by pathogens. Currently, many RSSs have been identified in viruses, bacteria, oomycetes and fungi. Phytoplasmas are pathogens in several hundred plant species.

In this research, 37 candidate effectors of wheat blue dwarf (WBD) phytoplasma were screened for presence of RSS. Agro‐infiltration assay, yeast expression system, floral‐dip method for constructing transgenic A. thaliana, Western blotting and RT‐qPCR were used for identification of RNA silencing suppressors.

SWP16 encoded by WBD phytoplasma was found to be a secretory protein that inhibited accumulation of GFP siRNA and led to the accumulation of GPF mRNA in systemic N. benthamiana 16c. Furthermore, in A. thaliana SWP16 inhibited production of miRNAs, which are components of RNA silencing. SWP16 also promoted infection of potato virus X.

We conclude that SWP16 encoded by WBD phytoplasma was an RSS, suppressing systemic RNA silencing. This is the first evidence that a phytoplasma encodes an RSS and provides a theoretical basis for research on the interaction mechanisms between pathogens and plants.
A drought‐responsive rice amidohydrolase is the elusive plant guanine deaminase with the potential to modulate the epigenome
Authors: Gotarkar Dhananjay , Longkumer Toshisangba , Yamamoto Naoki , Nanda Amrit Kaur , Iglesias Tamara , Li Lin‐Feng , Miro Berta , Blanco Gonzalez Elisa , Montes Bayon Maria , Olsen Kenneth M. , Hsing Yue‐Ie Caroline , Kohli Ajay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrought stress in plants causes differential expression of numerous genes. One of these differentially expressed genes in rice is a specific amidohydrolase. We characterized this amidohydrolase gene on the rice chromosome 12 as the first plantguanine deaminase(OsGDA1). The biochemical activity of GDA is known from tea and coffee plants where its catalytic product, xanthine, is the precursor for theine and caffeine. However, no plant gene that is coding for GDA is known so far. RecombinantOsGDA1converted guanine to xanthine in vitro. Measurement of guanine and xanthine contents in theOsGDA1knockout (KO) line and in the wild type Tainung 67 rice plants also suggested GDA activity in vivo. The content of cellular xanthine is important because of its catabolic products allantoin, ureides, and urea which play roles in water and nitrogen stress tolerance among others. The identification ofOsGDA1fills a critical gap in the S‐adenosyl‐methionine (SAM) to xanthine pathway. SAM is converted to S‐adenosyl‐homocysteine (SAH) and finally to xanthine. SAH is a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases, the reduction of which leads to increased DNA methylation and gene silencing in Arabidopsis. We report that theOsGDA1KO line exhibited a decrease in SAM, SAH and adenosine and an increase in rice genome methylation. The OsGDA1 protein phylogeny combined with mutational protein destabilization analysis suggested artificial selection for null mutants, which could affect genome methylation as in the KO line. Limited information on genes that may affect epigenetics indirectly requires deeper insights into such a role and effect of purine catabolism and related genetic networks.