bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Microcytic Anemia
Authors: Khandar Jaya , Sawarkar Achita , Shambharkar Madhuri , Kasturkar Pooja 
Published: October 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common inflammatory arthritides. It is associated with multiple systemic features, including hematological manifestations such as anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. However, immune hemolytic anemia is extremely rare with only 3 reports indexed in medline, and one of them being due to methotrexate toxicity.
Microcytic anemia is a condition in which the body's tissues and organs do not get enough oxygen. This lack of oxygen can happen because the body does not have enough red blood cells, or because the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin, which is a protein that transports oxygen in the blood.
Case Presentation: A 60 year old female a known case of rhematoid arthritis and hypothyrodisam in 2013 for last past 3 years. Who presented to us with history of recurrent anemia . In march 2021, she was admitted to hospital because of palpitations and shortness of breath due to severe anemia. Results of laboratory studies were hemoglobin, 6.9 gm/dl and haptoglobin, less than 29.8mg/dl. A diagnosis of anemia was made on the basis of the laboratory findings She was transfused with 1units packed red blood cells (pRBCs) over less than 6 hours. High-dose PSL (50 mg/day) was started, and the anemia improved. The hemoglobin level increased to 7.0 gm/dl within the 1st week.
Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of various hematological disorders should include rheumatic autoimmune diseases among other causes of blood cell and hemostasis abnormalities. It is crucial that hematologists be aware of Treatment should be administered promptly, with rheumatological consultation.
Ancient Concept of Simulation in Perspective of Ayurveda
Authors: Kiran Tawalare , Sucheta Chavan , Kalpana Tawalare , Sumedh Meshram 
Published: October 2021

Ayurveda, the native healthcare system of India, is a rich resource of well-documented ancient medical knowledge. Although the roots of this knowledge date back to the Vedic and post-Vedic eras, it is generally believed that a dedicated branch for healthcare was gradually established approximately between 400 BC and 200 AD.
Objective of this review is to hint at preliminary understanding of ancient concept of simulation and to record the Ayurveda as trailblazer when reviewing the mile stone in the history of simulation. Literature regading simulation were collected through various search engeens like as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar. Classical text of Ayurveda Charak, Sushrut, Vagbhat and Chakrapani, Dalhan commentary were reffered to collect ancient view of simulation. Literature available was analysed critically. It was found that preliminary concept of simulation hinted in Ayurveda as imblaze in establishing the basic concept of simulation.
Water Supply System Description and Risk Assessment in Brikama Water Treatment Plant System, West Coast Region, Gambia: WHO Water Safety Plan Based Approach
Authors: Barrow Amadou , Corr Baboucarr , Mustapha M. , Kuye Rex A. , Sridhar M. K. C. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Better water quality, improved sanitation and sound water resource management will improve public health and economic development in low-income countries. Water safety plan-based risk assessment and risk management from catchment to consumers are the modern and efficient approaches to safe drinking water supply established by World Health Organization. Thus, this paper aimed to assess risk from catchment level to consumers in the community of Brikama.
Methods: This study report assessments of risk or hazards from catchment to consumers in Brikama Water Treatment Plant (BWTP), West Coast Region, The Gambia. The various means of data collection used include water quality monitoring, visual field inspection and questionnaire survey to explore data on where the water supply system goes wrong from catchment to consumers, so as to provide an improvement plan.
Results: Overall, the day-to-day administration of services at BWTP was very impressive. The fencing of all the 17 boreholes at catchment sites has drastically reduced the risk of contamination including treatment systems and distribution lines. There are less risks observed and constant monitoring of the system was ensured. However, at the consumer end, there are some risks with poor practices associated with water handling, storage and hygiene measures at the household level. Some still use some unclean 20-liter containers to store water and indiscriminately kept drinking cups on the floor and unclean surfaces, and 50% lacked WASH knowledge related to water treatment, such as boiling and filtration at households. The overall perception of water storage, sanitation and hygiene practices could be rated moderately good.
Conclusion: The overall findings of this study have shown tremendous achievement in the government's commitment to providing potable water to the people in Brikama Local Government Area. WASH education in the study area is recommended to avoid waterborne disease infections.
Blocking olfactory input alters aggression in male and female California mice (Peromyscus californicus)
Authors: Bester‐Meredith Janet K. , Burns Jennifer N. , Dang Minh N. , Garcia Alexandrea M. , Mammarella Grace E. , Rowe Melissa E. , Spatacean Christine F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOlfactory input into the brain can be disrupted by a variety of environmental factors, including exposure to pathogens or environmental contaminants. Olfactory cues are often eliminated in laboratory rats and mice through highly invasive procedures like olfactory bulbectomy, which may also disrupt accessory olfactory pathways and detection of non‐volatile odors. In the present study, we tested whether inducing anosmia through intranasal infusion of zinc gluconate alters aggression in a monogamous, biparental rodent species, the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). This less invasive method of manipulating olfaction selectively targets the olfactory epithelium and reduces the detection of volatile odors. Treatment with zinc gluconate extended the time required for male and female California mice to find hidden pieces of apple and reduced the amount of time spent investigating bedding that was soiled by unfamiliar males. Moreover, inhibition of olfaction with zinc gluconate reduced aggressiveness in both sexes as demonstrated by an increased attack latency in the resident‐intruder test among same‐sex dyads from the same treatment group. These results suggest that volatile olfactory cues are necessary for agonistic responses in both male and female California mice. Therefore, even in species with complex social systems that include territorial aggression and monogamy, volatile olfactory cues modulate agonistic behavior.
A Perylene‐Based Conjugated Polymer Endows Perovskite Solar Cells with 85 °C Durability: The Control of Gas Permeation
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , Ren Yutong , Xie Xinrui , Wei Yuefang , He Lifei , Fang Lingyi , Zhang Jing , Yuan Yi , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites in high‐efficiency solar cells are prone to degradation at elevated temperatures, especially in the presence of water moisture. A hole‐transporting conjugated copolymer (abbreviated as p‐NP‐E) characteristic of alternating N‐annulated perylene and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene backbones, to achieve thermostable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via controlling gas permeation and thus perovskite decomposition is reported. p‐NP‐E can be conveniently prepared via Pd‐catalyzed direct arylation polycondensation. The air‐doped p‐NP‐E composite film containing nonvolatile 4‐tert‐butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide presents a higher hole mobility and an improved conductivity in comparison with the control based on the state‐of‐the‐art polymer, p‐TAA, leading to more efficient PSCs. More critically, the p‐NP‐E based hole transport layer is not only morphologically more heat‐resistant, but also features a lower solubility coefficient and diffusion coefficient of both environmental water molecules and gaseous products such as CH3I and CH3NH2 from the thermal decomposition of perovskite, enabling the fabrication of 21.7%‐efficiency, 85 °C durable solar cells.
Antiferromagnetism in Ni‐Based Superconductors
Authors: Zhou Xiaorong , Zhang Xiaowei , Yi Jiabao , Qin Peixin , Feng Zexin , Jiang Peiheng , Zhong Zhicheng , Yan Han , Wang Xiaoning , Chen Hongyu , Wu Haojiang , Zhang Xin , Meng Ziang , Yu Xiaojiang , Breese Mark B. H. , Cao Jiefeng , Wang Jingmin , Jiang Chengbao , Liu Zhiqi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the lack of any magnetic order down to 1.7 K in the parent bulk compound NdNiO2, the recently discovered 9–15 K superconductivity in the infinite‐layer Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 thin films has provided an exciting playground for unearthing new superconductivity mechanisms. Herein, the successful synthesis of a series of superconducting Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 thin films ranging from 8 to 40 nm is reported. The large exchange bias effect is observed between the superconducting Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 films and a thin ferromagnetic layer, which suggests the existence of the antiferromagnetic order. Furthermore, the existence of the antiferromagnetic order is evidenced by X‐ray magnetic linear dichroism measurements. These experimental results are fundamentally critical for the current field.
Tunable Grain Boundary of Lead‐Free All‐Inorganic Perovskite Films for Smart Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhang Kangning , Liu Fengjing , Yin Yanxue , Feng Xiao , Miao Chengcheng , Chen Ming , Zhuang Xinming , Hao Xiaotao , Yang Zai‐xing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe nonradiative recombination caused by the trap states at the grain boundaries (GBs) and surfaces directly limits the photoelectronic performance of lead‐free all‐inorganic perovskites films. In this work, the typical CsSnBr3 films with controlled GBs and surfaces are prepared successfully on glass by a solid‐source chemical vapor deposition method. The grain size of CsSnBr3 films increases with the increase of growth temperature, indicating the reduction of GBs. Time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra show that the lifetime of photogenerated carrier is longer in the large‐grain‐size CsSnBr3 film. Furthermore, the photodetector based on CsSnBr3 film with decreased GBs shows excellent performance with photocurrent up to 760 nA, responsivity up to 9200 mA W−1, and fast response times of 5/12 ms under the illumination of 405 nm laser. Moreover, the photodetector is also fabricated on a flexible substrate, demonstrating a good bending stability. This work provides a guideline in the growth of high‐quality perovskites films with controlled GBs and surfaces for next‐generation high‐performance photoelectronic devices.
Direct Nonoxidative Methane Conversion in an Autothermal Hydrogen‐Permeable Membrane Reactor
Authors: Sakbodin Mann , Schulman Emily , Cheng Sichao , Huang Yi‐Lin , Pan Ying , Albertus Paul , Wachsman Eric D. , Liu Dongxia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDirect nonoxidative methane conversion (DNMC) transforms CH4 to higher (C2+) hydrocarbons and H2 in a single step, but its utility is challenged by low CH4 equilibrium conversion, carbon deposition (coking), and its endothermic reaction energy requirement. This work reports a heat‐exchanged autothermal H2‐permeable tubular membrane reactor composed of a thin mixed ionic‐electronic conducting SrCe0.7Zr0.2Eu0.1O3–δ membrane supported on a porous SrCe0.8Zr0.2O3–δ tube in which a Fe/SiO2 DNMC catalyst is packed, that concurrently tackles all of these challenges. The H2‐permeation flux drives CH4 conversion. O2 from an air simulant (O2/He mixture) sweep outside the membrane reacts with permeated H2 to provide heat for the endothermic DNMC reaction. The energy balance between the endothermic DNMC and exothermic H2 combustion on opposite sides of the membrane is achieved, demonstrating the feasibility for autothermal operation using a simple air sweep gas. Moreover, the back diffusion of O2 from the sweep side to the catalyst side oxidizes any deposited carbon into CO. Thus, for the first time demonstrating all the desired attributes, a heat‐exchanged H2‐permeable membrane reactor capable of achieving single‐step auto‐thermal DNMC catalysis while simultaneously improving CH4 conversion and preventing coking is achieved.
Retrospective assessment of the association between noise exposure and nonfatal and fatal injury rates among miners in the United States from 1983 to 2014
Authors: Shkembi Abas , Smith Lauren M. , Neitzel Richard L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMining is a significant economic force in the United States but has historically had among the highest nonfatal injury rates across all industries. Several factors, including workplace hazards and psychosocial stressors, may increase injury and fatality risk. Mining is one of the noisiest industries; however, the association between injury risk and noise exposure has not been evaluated in this industry. In this ecological study, we assessed the association between noise exposure and nonfatal and fatal occupational injury rates among miners.MethodsFederal US mining accident, injury, and illness data sets from 1983 to 2014 were combined with federal quarterly mining employment and production reports to quantify annual industry rates of nonfatal injuries and fatalities. An existing job‐exposure matrix for occupational noise was used to estimate annual industry time‐weighted average (TWA, dBA) exposures. Negative binomial models were used to assess relationships between noise, hearing conservation program (HCP) regulation changes in 2000, year, and mine type with incidence rates of injuries and fatalities.ResultsNoise, HCP regulation changes, and mine type were each independently associated with nonfatal injuries and fatalities. In multivariate analysis, each doubling (5 dB increase) of TWA was associated with 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.11) and 1.48 (1.23, 1.78) times higher rate of nonfatal injuries and fatalities, respectively. HCP regulation changes were associated with 0.61 (0.54, 0.70) and 0.49 (0.34, 0.71) times lower nonfatal injury and fatality rates, respectively.ConclusionNoise may be a significant independent risk factor for injuries and fatalities in mining.
Ivacaftor restores delayed mucociliary transport caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction in rabbit nasal epithelia
Authors: Cho Do‐Yeon , Zhang Shaoyan , Skinner Daniel F. , Lim Dong Jin , Banks Catherine , Grayson Jessica W. , Tearney Guillermo J. , Rowe Steven M. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAbnormal chloride (Cl–) transport dehydrates airway surface liquid (ASL) in sinonasal epithelium leading to mucus stasis and chronic rhinosinusitis. As an experimental epithelium, rabbit tissue provides an excellent representation of human sinus disease, and the rabbit sinusitis model is both established and well suited for therapeutic interventions in vivo. Our objective in this study was to evaluate whether ivacaftor reverses the consequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction.MethodsRabbit nasal cavities were assessed for responsiveness to ivacaftor in vivo (by nasal potential difference [NPD] assay). Rabbit nasal epithelial (RNE) cultures were incubated with an ultrafiltrate of P aeruginosa (PAO1 strain) for 4 hours and tested for acquired CFTR dysfunction. Markers of mucociliary function, including airway surface liquid depth (ASL), periciliary liquid depth (PCL), ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and mucociliary transport (MCT), were measured by micro‐optical coherence tomography (μOCT) after PAO1 and/or ivacaftor incubation.ResultsIvacaftor resulted in a significant mean NPD polarization of 21.8 ± 2.1 mV, which was significantly greater than that seen in the low Cl− control (12.9 ± 1.3; p = 0.01). PAO1 exposure induced a state of acquired CFTR dysfunction in rabbit nasal epithelium as measured by forskolin‐stimulated short‐circuit current (ISC) (control, 37.0 ± 1.1 μA/cm2; PAO1, 24.4 ± 1.1 μA/cm2; p < 0.001). RNE cultures exposed to PAO1 had inhibited mucociliary function, whereas coincubation with ivacaftor restored mucociliary clearance, as measured by μOCT.ConclusionIn rabbit nasal epithelium, ivacaftor robustly stimulates CFTR‐mediated Cl− secretion and normalizes ASL and CBF in PAO1‐induced acquired CFTR dysfunction. Preclinical testing of CFTR potentiators as therapy for P aeruginosa rabbit sinusitis is planned.
Determinants of survival in sinonasal and skull base chondrosarcoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Rimmer Ryan A. , Mace Jess C. , Andersen Peter E. , Cetas Justin S. , Ciporen Jeremy N. , Dogan Aclan , Smith Timothy L. , Geltzeiler Mathew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundChondrosarcomas are rare, malignant chondroid tumors that can occur in the sinonasal and skull base regions. Surgery is a mainstay of treatment, but complete resection can be challenging because of the close proximity of critical neurovascular structures. Because of their rarity and relatively indolent nature, optimal treatment regimens are not established. Our objective was to assess determinants of survival for sinonasal and skull base chondrosarcomas utilizing the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsThe NCDB (2004–2017) was queried for cases of sinonasal and skull base chondrosarcoma. Multivariate hazard regression modeling was used to identify significant predictors of 60‐month and 120‐month overall survival (OS).ResultsSeven hundred thirty‐six cases met inclusion criteria. OS for all treatment types was 84.7% [SE±0.02] at 60 months and 75.6% [SE±0.02] at 120 months. Surgery with or without adjuvant treatment was found to associate with highest OS at 60 and 120 months. For patients receiving adjuvant radiation during treatment, proton therapy had significantly better OS at 60 months (95.4% [SE±0.03] vs 82.3% [SE±0.03], ‐2 = 5.27; p = 0.02) and 120 months (85.1% [SE±0.08] vs 72.8% [SE±0.05], ‐2 = 4.11; p = 0.04) compared with conventional external beam. After adjustment for primary site, multivariate Cox regression modeling (n = 561) identified cofactors significantly associated with variation in mortality risk at 60 and 120 months, including age, Charlson‐Deyo total score ≥ 3, insurance provision status, and tumor grade.ConclusionsSinonasal and skull base chondrosarcoma are primarily treated with surgery with favorable OS. Adjuvant treatment may be required and proton radiation was associated with improved 60‐month and 120‐month survival compared with conventional radiation.
Electrophilic Activation of [1.1.1]Propellane for the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes
Authors: Livesley Sarah , Sterling Alistair J. , Robertson Craig M. , Goundry William R. F. , Morris James A. , Duarte Fernanda , Aïssa Christophe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStrategies commonly used for the synthesis of functionalised bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP) rely on the reaction of [1.1.1]propellane with anionic or radical intermediates. In contrast, electrophilic activation has remained a considerable challenge due to the facile decomposition of BCP cations, which has severely limited the applications of this strategy. Herein, we report the electrophilic activation of [1.1.1]propellane in a halogen bond complex, which enables its reaction with electron‐neutral nucleophiles such as anilines and azoles to give nitrogen‐substituted BCPs that are prominent motifs in drug discovery. A detailed computational analysis indicates that the key halogen bonding interaction promotes nucleophilic attack without sacrificing cage stabilisation. Overall, our work rehabilitates electrophilic activation of [1.1.1]propellane as a valuable strategy for accessing functionalised BCPs.
Ein Designeraußenmembranprotein fördert die Aufnahme von Täuschmolekülen in einen auf Zytochrom P450BM3 beruhenden Ganzzellbiokatalysator
Authors: Karasawa Masayuki , Yonemura Kai , Stanfield Joshua Kyle , Suzuki Kazuto , Shoji Osami 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWir berichten über eine OmpF‐Schleifenlöschungsmutante, welche die Zellaufnahme externer Additiva in einen Escherichia‐coli‐Ganzzellbiokatalysator verbessert. Durch die Koexprimierung der OmpF‐Mutante mit Wildtyp‐P450BM3 in Gegenwart von Täuschmolekülen konnte die Ausbeute der Ganzzellbiotransformation Benzols erheblich gesteigert werden. Insbesondere mit dem Täuschmolekül C7AM‐Pip‐Phe verzwölffachte sich die Ausbeute von 5.7 % auf 70 % mit einer Phenolselektivität von 80 %. Die Untersuchung der benzylischen Hydroxylierung von Alkyl‐ und Zykloalkylbenzolen ergab, dass mit Hilfe von Täuschmolekülen Propylbenzol und Tetralin jeweils mit 78 % Ausbeute und einer Selektivität von 94 % (R) ee für Propylbenzol and 92 % Ausbeute und einer Selektivität von 94 % (S) ee für Tetralin in ihre 1‐Hydroxylierungsprodukte überführt wurden. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sowohl das Täuschmolekül als auch das Substrat den künstlichen OmpF‐Kanal durchqueren und dadurch die Ganzzellbiotransformation in ganzen Zellen synergetisch verstärken.
Re‐imagining Priorities for Chemistry: A Central Science for “Freedom from Fear and Want”
Authors: Matlin Stephen A. , Krief Alain , Hopf Henning , Mehta Goverdhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman security, defined as “freedom from want and fear and freedom to live in dignity”, provides an overarching concept to address threats to human security dimensions such as health, food, economics, the environment and sustainable development, while placing the individual at the centre of attention. Chemistry is central to addressing these challenges, but surprisingly its role and contributions to human security have hitherto not been explicitly set out. This article situates chemistry in the human security framework, highlighting areas where chemistry knowledge, methods and products are vital. It underscores three complementary facets: 1) chemistry contributes to many dimensions of human security, but needs to do much more in the light of oncoming global challenges; 2) the human security framing illuminates areas where chemistry itself needs to adapt to contribute better, by intensification of current approaches and/or by building or strengthening chemistry tools, skills and competencies; and 3) repositioning as central to human security affords chemistry a powerful opportunity to refresh itself as a science for the benefit of society—and it will need to engage more directly and dynamically at the interface of science, society and policy in order to do so.
Bulk Electrocatalytic NADH Cofactor Regeneration with Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Zhang Huiting , Pi Junying , Zhang Lin , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrochemical regeneration of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is an extremely important challenge for the electroenzymatic synthesis of many valuable chemicals. Although some important progress has been made with modified electrodes concerning the reduction of NAD+, the scale‐up is difficult due to mass transport limitations inherent to large‐size electrodes. Here, we propose instead to employ a dispersion of electrocatalytically active modified microparticles in the bulk of a bipolar electrochemical cell. In this way, redox reactions occur simultaneously on all of these individual microelectrodes without the need of a direct electrical connection. The concept is validated by using [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl]+ functionalized surfaces, either of carbon felt as a reference material, or carbon microbeads acting as bipolar objects. In the latter case, enzymatically active 1,4‐NADH is electroregenerated at the negatively polarized face of the particles. The efficiency of the system can be fine‐tuned by controlling the electric field in the reaction compartment and the number of dispersed microelectrodes. This wireless bioelectrocatalytic approach opens up very interesting perspectives for electroenzymatic synthesis in the bulk phase.