bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Palkar Pooja , Hollander Eric 
Published: January 2021

In recent years, advances in the fields of neuroimaging and experimental psychology increased our understanding of the basic mechanisms of classical conditioning and learning, contributing to our knowledge of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders. Research has shown that the amygdala is the cornerstone of fear circuitry and that abnormalities in amygdala pathways can affect the acquisition and expression of fear conditioning. Activation of the amygdala in response to disorder-relevant stimuli has been observed in anxiety disorders. The roles of the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, and insular and medial prefrontal cortices in response to fear have been identified as well. Neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and some neurosteroids play an important part in the neurobiology of anxiety disorders. Neuropeptides such as oxytocin, neuropeptide Y, galanin, and cholecystokinin have been shown to modulate stress response. Drugs such as N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists and blockers of voltage-gated calcium channels in the amygdala are anxiolytic. Fear extinction, which entails new learning of fear inhibition, is the mechanism of effective antianxiety treatments such as d-cycloserine, a partial NMDA agonist. Extinction is thought to occur by the medial prefrontal cortex, which inhibits the lateral amygdala under hippocampal modulation. Harnessing extinction to delink neutral stimuli from aversive responses is an important goal of the psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders. Discovery of the role of microRNAs in the etiology of anxiety disorders and their possible utility as targets to treat these disorders is fascinating. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, which will help us better manage them clinically.
This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 39 references.
Key words: Amygdala, anxiety disorders, neurobiology, fear conditioning, neurocircuitry, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurosteroids, endogenous opioids.
General Psychopharmacology
Authors: Doroudgar Shadi , Perry Paul 
Published: January 2021

Initial development of neuropsychiatric medications relied heavily on serendipitous discovery rather than targeted drug designs. Nowadays, drug discovery targets include receptors, enzymes, and transporters. The human brain comprises many neurons, each being connected to other neurons via synapses. Neurotransmission occurs when a presynaptic neuron projects its terminal segment to form a connection or synapse with an adjacent postsynaptic neuron. When stimulated, neurotransmitters that are stored in small vesicles in the presynaptic neuron are released into an interneuronal gap called the synaptic cleft. Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, γ-amino butyric acid, glutamate, and acetylcholine are among the primary neurotransmitters and chemicals that play important roles in neuropsychiatric functions. As such, they are often common targets of drug development. Grasping the basics of neurotransmission, enzyme degradation, and receptor and transporter pharmacology is essential in understanding today’s FDA-approved pharmaceuticals. This neuropharmacology primer will allow the rational and appropriate clinical selection of pharmacotherapy and accurate anticipation of clinical effects following use.

This review contains 1 figure and 45 references
Keywords: acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-amino butyric acid, glutamate, neurotransmission, norepinephrine, pharmacology, psychiatric medications, psychopharmacology, receptor, serotonin
Genetics of Psychosis
Authors: Keshavan Matcheri , Stone William , Tsuang Ming 
Published: January 2021

Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are among the most disabling human illnesses. The causes of these illnesses have remained unknown, leading to much misunderstanding, stigmatization, and suffering. These illnesses are highly heritable, as evidenced by family association studies. Twin and adoption studies have pointed to the possibility of considerable environmental contributions to their causation. The identification of the chromosome locations and the specific genes is aided by linkage and association studies. Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies have pointed to a large number of genes that may together confer risk to this group of illnesses. These genes include those that have been previously implicated in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders, such as glutamatergic neurotransmission, brain development and synapse plasticity, ion channels, and immune function. These genes may offer new ways to treat these serious illnesses, which are currently only treated with medications that target one system, namely dopamine.
This review contains 6 figures, 9 tables, and 51 references.
Key words: Brain development, complement, dopamine, familial, genome, glutamate, immune function, psychosis, schizophrenia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Introduction)
Authors: Lochner Christine , Stein Dan , Thomas Eileen 
Published: January 2021

A hallmark feature of OCD is the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions. The subtyping of OCD has been expanded to allow for a detailed assessment of individuals and their disorder, including insight and tic-related specifiers. Although some individuals with OCD rationalize their behaviors as useful, they are time consuming and cause marked distress and/or functional impairment.
This review contains 1 table, and 31 references.
Key words: diagnostic and statistical manual, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Patient Safety in Surgical Care
Authors: Greenberg Caprice C. , Ghaferi Amir 
Published: January 2021

The 1999 report of the Institute of Medicine, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, made national headlines with its estimates of the frequency and severity of adverse events in health care, including that as many as 98,000 medical error–related deaths occur each year in the United States. The observation that the basic principles of human error are highly applicable to clinical practice has markedly advanced our understanding and willingness to address error in this setting. This review seeks to address the characteristics of systems in general and the system of surgical care in particular. It describes the growing knowledge of factors that affect human performance and how these factors contribute to adverse surgical outcomes. The review also outlines current obstacles to improving safety, identifies systems approaches to making improvements, and discusses ways in which surgeons can take the lead in overcoming these obstacles. An overall goal is that acceptance of error and a willingness to investigate its underlying causes will allow health care professionals to make use of the lessons learned from study of nonmedical systems. Tables include definitions of terms related to patient safety, the operation profile, handoff coordination and communication objectives and relevant strategies, nonmedical system techniques applicable to medical systems, Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research patient safety indicators, National Quality Forum list of health care facility–related serious reportable events, and examples of surgically relevant quality improvement practices appropriate for widespread implementation. Figures include the Swiss Cheese Model representing the relationship between latent and active errors and adverse outcomes, a schematic depiction of the process by which system failures may lead to injury, the Systems Engineering in Patient Safety Model of work system and patient safety, and a depiction of contrasting characteristics of medical practice in the 20th and 21st centuries.This review contains 4 figures, 7 tables, and 165 references.
Inkerinsuomalaisten kielitutkinto tarkastelun kohteena
Authors: Nuolijärvi Pirkko 
Published: January 2021

Arvioitu teos:
Minna Martikainen: Inkeriläisten paluumuutto – suomalaisuutta, kielitaitoa ja kielitutkintoa. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto 2019. Johdanto 76 s. + artikkelit 88 s. isbn 978-951-39-7872-3. Saatavilla verkossa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-7872-3.
Vaihtelu vahvuutena
Authors: Lesonen Sirkku 
Published: January 2021

Sirkku Lesosen suomen kielen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin tiistaina 25. elokuuta 2020 Jyväskylän ylipistossa. Vastaväittäjänä toimi professori Teresa Cadierno Etelä-Tanskan yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Minna Suni.
Sirkku Lesonen: Valuing variability: Dynamic usage-based principles in the L2 development of four Finnish language learners. Groningen Dissertation in Linguistics. 184. Groningen: University of Groningen 2020. Kirja on luettavissa osoitteessa https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/71369.
Foneettinen tutkimusmatka hätäpuheluiden prosodiikkaan
Authors: Korpijaakko-Huuhka Anna-Maija 
Published: January 2021

Arvioitu teos:
Lauri Tavi: Prosodic cues of speech under stress. Phonetic exploration of Finnish emergency calls. Joensuu: Itä-Suomen yliopisto 2020. Johdanto 59 s. + artikkelit 40 s. isbn 978-952-61-3402-4. Saatavilla verkossa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-61-3403-1.
A measure of ‘environmental happiness’: Infrastructuring environmental risk in oil and gas off shore operations
Authors: Parmiggiani Elena , Monteiro Eric 
Published: January 2021

We know little about the marine environment, particularly in the inhospitable Arctic region. Whereas national authorities often rely on the construction of a solid knowledge base to allow human activity access to new areas, scientists point to the impossibility of building comprehensive knowledge of subsea ecosystems. This paper presents an ethnographic study of a Norwegian oil and gas company’s development of a knowledge infrastructure for measuring the long-term trend of the behaviour of the marine environment, i.e. a baseline to be used as a reference to calculate potential risks in a commercially relevant Arctic area. The company’s infrastructuring mechanisms involve selecting and configuring environmental sensing technologies, and tying them into the fabric of the company’s operational analysis routines. We identify and discuss how these mechanisms address and articulate temporal, spatial, and social tensions and how, in so doing, they mould new representations of environmental risk.
“To Infinity and Beyond!”: Inner Tensions in Global Knowledge Infrastructures Lead to Local and Pro-active ‘Location’ Information
Authors: Shavit Ayelet , Silver Yael 
Published: January 2021

We follow two biodiversity knowledge infrastructures that hold conceptual and practical inner tensions, and we argue that some of these diffi culties emerge from overlooking local information and different understandings of the term location. The ambiguity emerges from two basic concepts of space – exogenous and interactionist – that are both necessary yet readily suggest inconsistent practices – global standardization and local fl exibility – to organize location records. Researchers in both infrastructures fi rst standardized, digitized and globalized their records, then discovered inner tensions, and fi nally alternated between globally interoperable and locally fl exible records. Our story suggests a broader lesson: since both types of ‘location’ information are necessary; and since vast resources were already invested in globalizing knowledge infrastructures; then investing in local knowledge infrastructures and in alternating between both types of memory practices seems the most rational option, and a good way to resist epistemic injustice affl icting local knowledge in peripheral localities.Keywords: biodiversity, database, epistemic-injustice
Attachments to Participatory Digital Infrastructures in the Cultural Heritage Sector
Authors: Stuedahl Dagny , Runardotter Mari , Mörtberg Christina 
Published: January 2021

This paper explores knowledge infrastructures developed with the aim of opening cultural heritage institutions for public access and involvement. We concentrate on the new modes of knowledge production of professionals and amateur experts involved in the design and use of open archives and wiki communities as a part of transformations towards participatory digital public infrastructures. Ideas of crowdsourcing, policies of open data and engagements in community-based cultural heritage influence participants’ visions of future ways of generating, sharing and maintaining their knowledge. The paper identifi es how the concept of attachments may help us analytically to understand the dynamics of multiple situated knowledges that are played out when people embrace digital technologies and open-data policies to connect past, present and future orientation of cultural heritage engagements.Keywords: knowledge infrastructuring, attachments, future orientation
Havis Amanda ja aikalaisnaisliikkeen julkiset tulkinnat, kuvitelmat ja uskonto
Authors: Viholainen Aila 
Published: January 2021

Havis Amanda -patsas on ollut koko historiansa ajan keskustelujen ja kiistelyn kohde. Heti ilmestyttyään Helsingin katukuvaan syyskuussa vuonna 1908 se synnytti kiihkeän debatin. Kulttuurikiista on ollut usean tutkimuksen kohteena. Aiemmista tutkimuksista poiketen keskityn artikkelissani naisten lehdistöjulkisuudessa etsittämiin teksteihin. Asetan kirjoitukset moniulotteiseen aikalaiskontekstiin, joka kehystää analyysiäni ja kirjoittautuu siihen. Naisten kirjoituksissa kuvitellaan haluttua tulevaisuutta ja mahdollisia maailmoja. Analysoin sitä, millaista yhteiskuntaa ja millaisia naiseuksia kirjoituksissa kuvitellaan ja millä lailla niitä rakennetaan. Suomalaisessa naistutkimuksessa korostetaan tuolloista luterilaisen uskonnon hegemonista asemaa yhteiskunnallisen järjestyksen ja yksilöllisen elämän perustana. Jäljitän, kuinka luterilainen hegemonisuus ja uskonnollisuus yleisemmin näkyy naisten kirjoituksissa – vai eikö näy?
Analyysini vaatii vahvaa tieteidenvälisyyttä. Osa uskonnontutkijoista kritisoi tehtyä uskonnontutkimusta siitä, että tieteidenvälisyyttä ja niistä löytyvää monimetodisuutta ei olla otettu riittävässä määrin käyttöön. Esitän artikkelillani yhden mahdollisuuden tutkia uskontoa ja uskonnolliseksi miellettyä aiempaa laajempana sosiokulttuurisena kokonaisuutena.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENDORONG DAN PENARIK WISATAWAN BERKUNJUNG KE LABUAN BAJO, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT
Authors: Santi Jaimun Susana , Suardana I Wayan , Suwena I Ketut 
Published: January 2021

Labuan Bajo is one of the 10 priority destinations, which the Govermment is currenty focusing on in developing both its attraction and facilities that support the sustainability of the tourism activities. To support this goverment policy, Labuan Bajo regional tourism actors must understand the needs of tourists and develop and maintain existing touris attractions, so that they can attract torists to visit. The purposes of this research are to anlyses the push and pull factors that motivate the tourist traveled to Labuan Bajo. The sampling technique used purposive sampling by distributing 100 questionnaires via google form to tourist who have visited Labuan Bajo. The data was used the likert scale model questionnaire which was calibated using the coefficient 0,5. The data analysis technique is descriptive quantitative using factor analysis and processed by the application SPSS 23.0 for windows. The data collection technique are interviews, observation, literature and questionnaires. The results showed were four factors that push tourists to visit Labuan Bajo, namely Escape, novelty, prestige, and looking for luxurious and exclusive places and seven factors that pull tourists to visit Labuan Bajo, namely hunting, culture and history, budget, facilities, ease to travel. , affordable food and beverage prices as well as cleanliness and safety of facilities. The dominant factor that push tourists to visit Labuan Bajo is the escape factor with an eigenvalue 2,029 with a diversity of indicators of 16,912%, while the dominant factor that pull tourists to visit Labuan Bajo is hunting with an eigenvalue of 2,554 and a diversity of indicators of 13,441%.
PEMILIHAN LOKASI USAHA DANI’S AUTO MENGGUNAKAN METODE PAIRWISE COMPARISON DAN COMPARATIVE PREFERENCE INDEX (CPI)
Authors: Khairunnisa Minda , Septiani Winnie 
Published: January 2021

Dani’s Auto merupakan usaha jual beli mobil bekas yang saat ini masih menggunakan rumah pribadi sebagai tempat usaha. Pemilik berencana ingin mengembangkan usahanya dengan cara membuka lokasi usaha baru yang dapat membantu perkembangan usahanya. Penenlitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keputusan pemilihan lokasi baru Dani’s Auto, dengan alternatif lokasi yaitu Lot Showroom Mangga Dua, Lot Showroom Kelapa Gading, Ruko di Klender, dan Ruko di Rawamangun. Pemilihan lokasi tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan 10 kriteria diantaranya pasar, biaya, infrastuktur, dan lingkungan. Evaluasi pemilihan lokasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Comparative Prefrence Index (CPI). Tingkat kepentingan setiap kriteria dihitungan dengan menggunakan Pairwise Comparison. Penilaian dilakukan oleh pemilik usaha Dani’s Auto. Pembobotan kriteria menggunakan pairwise comparison diperoleh 3 kriteria dengan prioritas terbesar yaitu kapasitas mobil, jumlah kompetitor, dan biaya sewa. Hasil perhitungan CPI yaitu diperolehnya lokasi Ruko di Rawamangun sebagai alternatif terbaik dengan nilai akhir sebesar 83,1518.
KOMUNITAS MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI GENERATOR TERBENTUKNYA KARAKTER DAN IDENTITAS KAWASAN KOTA.
Authors: Subagja Rahma Ghaesani , Ischak Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Kampung Condet saat ini mengalami perkembangan dan perubahan yang sangat pesat terhitung setelah dinyatakan sebagai Kawasan cagar budaya pada tahun 1974. Salah satu bentuk perubahan tersebut adalah banyaknya penduduk keturunan timur tengah yang bermukim di sepanjang jalan utama Condet dan membuka usaha komersial. Keberadaan penduduk keturunan timur tengah tersebut, saat ini justru menjadi salah satu identitas dari Kawasan Condet. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian terkait dengan apakah banyaknya penduduk keturunan timur tengah juga memunculkan karakter arsitektural di Kawasan Condet. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan membatasi pembahasan hanya pada fasade bangunan rumah toko yang dihuni oleh penduduk keturunan Timur Tengah di penggal Jalan Condet Raya, dengan menggunakan pendekatan tipomorfologi kota. Temuan penelitian yang didapat adalah bahwa Jalan Raya Condet menampilkan karakter Kawasan yang kuat, yang berpotensi menjadi identitas Kawasan Condet. Terbentuknya karakter kawasan merupakan perpaduan antara elemen jalan sebagai path, yang didukung aktivitas komersial khusus barang-barang yang khas Timur Tengah, dan diperkuat signage yang menampilkan nama-nama toko yang juga khas Timur Tengah. Sedangkan karakter arsitektural pada fasade bangunan tidak menunjukkan karakter khusus.
Effectiveness of the "blue cards" procedure with regard to aggression and stress in perpetrators and victims of domestic violence
Authors: Rogowska Aleksandra Maria , Kardasz Zofia , Wicher Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the research was to verify whether the actions which have been taken within the framework of the “Blue Cards” procedure towards the families affected by domestic violence are an effective psychotherapeutic support. The two factors which may have influence on the occurrence of the phenomenon of domestic violence within a family system were examined, namely level of stress and aggression syndrome among partners of intimate relationship. Participants in the study were 30 female victims of domestic violence (mean age 40 years old) and 30 male perpetrators of domestic violence (mean age 37 years old). Aggression syndrome was measured by using the Inventory of Psychological Aggression Syndrome (IPSA II) and stress level was assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS – 10). The test-retest procedure was used in the prospective study. Both aggression and stress were measured twice: at baseline, and after six months from the beginning of the “Blue Cards” procedure. Participants have evaluated their own aggression syndrome and level of stress, and also they have estimated the aggression syndrome of his/her partner’s. Nonparametric statistical tests have been used for group comparisons. The results show that active participation in assistant activities decreased the level of stress in the group of victims of domestic violence, and the scale of aggression syndrome in the group of violence users. The procedure “Blue Cards” is an effective method of support people who are both victims and perpetrators of domestic violence.
Rodzina z wieloma problemami w optyce polityki społecznej
Authors: Duda Małgorzata 
Published: January 2021

Permanentne dostosowywanie się rodzin do dokonujących się przemian społeczno-normatywnych w Polsce sprawia, że wiele z nich nie nadąża za realizacją swoich potrzeb. Mimo, że większość z nich niczym specjalnym nie różni się od swoich poprzedniczek, to coraz częściej obserwuje się, że w sytuacji kryzysowej radzą sobie coraz gorzej, a pojawienie się kolejnej uniemożliwia codzienne funkcjonowanie. Pośród wielu przyczyn takiego stanu rzeczy wskazuje się na zmiany kulturowe, wysoki poziom urbanizacji, rozwój technologii informatycznych, izolację i indywidualizację życia. W rodzinach wielopokoleniowych, przy silnych więzach sąsiedzkich, łatwiej było o wsparcie. Szybciej zauważano rodzące się problemy. Dzisiaj, pozbawione wzorców młode rodziny, wyalienowane ze swoich naturalnych rodzin pochodzenia, mogą korzystać z różnych instrumentów polityki społecznej, dedykowanych rodzinie i jej poszczególnym członkom. Niniejszy artykuł nosi znamiona przeglądowego; popularyzującego dostępne formy pomocy rodzinie w ramach krajowej polityki społecznej. Wskazane zostaną potencjalne zagrożenia, które niesie z sobą polityka socjalna, postrzegana jako wsparcie niemalże bezwarunkowe, zwłaszcza przy braku permanentnej ewaluacji świadczeń i elastycznej modyfikacji udzielanej pomocy.Rekomendacje skutecznej i nieuzależniającej pomocy opierają się na pracy na zasobach własnych rodziny.
Słowa kluczowe: rodzina, polityka społeczna, dysfunkcje, rodziny wieloproblemowe, praca na zasobach