bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Frei Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit SARS-CoV-2 (Schweres Akutes Respiratorisches Syndrom Coronavirus 2) wurde die Welt von einer Pandemie erfasst, auf die weder die Nephrologie noch alle anderen Bereiche des Gesundheitswesens oder des gesamten gesellschaftlichen Lebens vorbereitet waren. Im öffentlichen Gesundheitswesen zeigte sich ein gravierender Personalmangel sowie Engpässe bei Intensivkapazitäten und Material. Föderaler Eigensinn und schwere Defizite in der Digitalisierung sowie mangelnde Laborkapazität traten zutage. Die Nephrologie ist in der Pandemie besonders gefordert, weil sie zum einen eine Hochrisikopopulation zu behandeln hat und zum anderen ein hoher Anteil der intensivpflichtigen Patienten ein akutes Nierenversagen entwickelt und eine Nierenersatztherapie benötigt. Die Belastung der pflegerischen und ärztlichen Mitarbeiter war und ist immens, viele waren selbst an COVID-19 (COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019) erkrankt. Die Entwicklung neuer, wirksamer Impfstoffe in so kurzer Zeit war eine herausragende Leistung. Nur die Impfung ist der Weg aus der Pandemie. Völlig unverständlich ist, dass die hoch vulnerablen Dialysepatienten nicht in die höchste Prioritätsstufe aufgenommen wurden. Die Politik sollte die Erkenntnisse der Wissenschaft zielstrebig umsetzen. Für die Zukunft ist zu lernen, dass es notwendig ist, finanzierte Reserven vorzuhalten.
Value of PET imaging for radiation therapy
Authors: Lapa Constantin , Nestle Ursula , Albert Nathalie L. , Baues Christian , Beer Ambros , Buck Andreas , Budach Volker , Bütof Rebecca , Combs Stephanie E. , Derlin Thorsten , Eiber Matthias , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Furth Christian , Gani Cihan , Gkika Eleni , Grosu Anca L. , Henkenberens Christoph , Ilhan Harun , Löck Steffen , Marnitz-Schulze Simone , Miederer Matthias , Mix Michael , Nicolay Nils H. , Niyazi Maximilian , Pöttgen Christoph , Rödel Claus M. , Schatka Imke , Schwarzenboeck Sarah M. , Todica Andrei S. , Weber Wolfgang , Wegen Simone , Wiegel Thomas , Zamboglou Constantinos , Zips Daniel , Zöphel Klaus , Zschaeck Sebastian , Thorwarth Daniela , Troost Esther G.C. ,   on behalf of “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Nuklearmedizin und Strahlentherapie der DEGRO und DGN”
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis comprehensive review written by experts in their field gives an overview on the current status of incorporating positron emission tomography (PET) into radiation treatment planning. Moreover, it highlights ongoing studies for treatment individualisation and per-treatment tumour response monitoring for various primary tumours. Novel tracers and image analysis methods are discussed. The authors believe this contribution to be of crucial value for experts in the field as well as for policy makers deciding on the reimbursement of this powerful imaging modality.
The Transformation of Intracranial Subdural Hygroma to Chronic Subdural Hematoma Following Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Guang-Xun , Chen Chien-Min , Kim Jin-Sung , Song Kwan-Su 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background We present the case of an intracranial subdural hygroma resulting from intraoperatively undetected dural tear after unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.
Case Description An 80-year-old woman presented with insidious onset, gradually progressing low back pain, and right leg pain of 1-year duration. The pain radiated to the right L4–L5 dermatomes. Neurogenic intermittent claudication was <300 m. Motor function was normal. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed a lateral recess stenosis at the L3–L4 and L4–L5 levels. These lesions were operated on by the UBE decompression technique.No major complications were encountered during the operation. But soon we found out that there was an undiscovered dura tear. We placed the patient under close observation for 2 weeks. After 30 days, we confirmed that subdural hygroma had changed to chronic subdural hematoma. Conservative treatment was continued. On postoperative day 90), the condition was stable and the symptoms improved completely.
Conclusions We concluded that a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage can result in an intracranial subdural hygroma. Intracranial subdural hygromas and hematomas after lumbar spinal surgery should be cautiously assessed and treated.
Computer Adaptive Testing for the Assessment of Anomia Severity
Authors: Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Casilio Marianne , Hula William D. , Swiderski Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnomia assessment is a fundamental component of clinical practice and research inquiries involving individuals with aphasia, and confrontation naming tasks are among the most commonly used tools for quantifying anomia severity. While currently available confrontation naming tests possess many ideal properties, they are ultimately limited by the overarching psychometric framework they were developed within. Here, we discuss the challenges inherent to confrontation naming tests and present a modern alternative to test development called item response theory (IRT). Key concepts of IRT approaches are reviewed in relation to their relevance to aphasiology, highlighting the ability of IRT to create flexible and efficient tests that yield precise measurements of anomia severity. Empirical evidence from our research group on the application of IRT methods to a commonly used confrontation naming test is discussed, along with future avenues for test development.
The Communicative Participation Item Bank: Evaluating, and Reevaluating, Its Use across Communication Disorders in Adults
Authors: Baylor Carolyn , Eadie Tanya , Yorkston Kathryn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatient-reported outcomes (PROs) are essential in patient-centered, evidence-based practice in speech-language pathology. PROs respect individuals who live with communication disorders as key stakeholders providing a critically unique perspective on consequences of communication disorders, and whether interventions bring about meaningful changes. Some PROs focus on specific communication symptoms such as voice or language symptom severity, while others focus on broader constructs such as quality of life. Many PROs target specific diagnostic groups. This article presents the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB), a PRO that measures communicative participation restrictions. The CPIB was based on the concept of participation, or engagement in life situations, as defined in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. It was designed to be relevant for adults across different communication disorders to facilitate clinical and research activities that may involve either comparing or aggregating data across communication disorders. The CPIB follows current PRO development protocols including systematic guidance from stakeholders through cognitive interviews, and the measurement methods of Item Response Theory that allow precise and adaptive assessment. This article reviews use of the CPIB across different diagnostic groups, and identifies needs for future efforts to expand the relevance of the CPIB further.
Use, Impact, Weaknesses, and Advanced Features of Search Functions for Clinical Use in Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hill Jordan R. , Visweswaran Shyam , Ning Xia , Schleyer Titus K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective Although vast amounts of patient information are captured in electronic health records (EHRs), effective clinical use of this information is challenging due to inadequate and inefficient access to it at the point of care. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of the literature on the use of EHR search functions within a single patient's record in clinical settings to characterize the current state of research on the topic and identify areas for future study.
Methods We conducted a literature search of four databases to identify articles on within-EHR search functions or the use of EHR search function in the context of clinical tasks. After reviewing titles and abstracts and performing a full-text review of selected articles, we included 17 articles in the analysis. We qualitatively identified themes in those articles and synthesized the literature for each theme.
Results Based on the 17 articles analyzed, we delineated four themes: (1) how clinicians use search functions, (2) impact of search functions on clinical workflow, (3) weaknesses of current search functions, and (4) advanced search features. Our review found that search functions generally facilitate patient information retrieval by clinicians and are positively received by users. However, existing search functions have weaknesses, such as yielding false negatives and false positives, which can decrease trust in the results, and requiring a high cognitive load to perform an inclusive search of a patient's record.
Conclusion Despite the widespread adoption of EHRs, only a limited number of articles describe the use of EHR search functions in a clinical setting, despite evidence that they benefit clinician workflow and productivity. Some of the weaknesses of current search functions may be addressed by enhancing EHR search functions with collaborative filtering.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Other Immunodeficiency Syndromes in Bronchiectasis
Authors: McShane Pamela J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmunodeficiency represents a vast number of diseases and syndromes. Both primary and secondary forms of immunodeficiency are important contributors to the development of bronchiectasis. Primary immune deficiencies, in particular, are increasingly identified and defined as contributors. Specific immune deficiencies that are closely associated with bronchiectasis and as discussed in this article are common variable immunodeficiency, specific antibody deficiency, immunodeficiencies involving immunoglobulin E, DOCK8 immunodeficiency, phosphoglucomutase 3 deficiency, activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta syndrome, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Each of these primary immune deficiencies has unique nuances. Vigilance for these unique signs and symptoms is likely to improve recognition of specific immunodeficiency in the idiopathic bronchiectasis patient. Secondary forms of immunodeficiency occur as a result of a separate disease process. Graft versus host disease, malignancy, and human immunodeficiency virus are three classic examples discussed in this article. An awareness of the potential for these disease settings to lead to bronchiectasis is necessary to optimize patient care. With understanding and mindfulness toward the intricate relationship between bronchiectasis and immunodeficiency, there is an opportunity to elucidate pathophysiologic underpinnings between these two syndromes.
Airway Clearance and Mucoactive Therapies
Authors: Muñoz Castro Gerard , Balañá Corberó Ana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe respiratory system is constantly exposed to external pathogens but has different and effective defense systems. The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis affects the defense system considerably in that alterations occur in the airway that reduce its effectiveness in mucociliary clearance and the greater presence of mucins leads to the accumulation of more adherent and viscous mucus. One of the pillars of treatment of this disease should be improvement of mucociliary clearance and a decrease in the adherence and viscosity of the mucus. To this end, the mobilization of secretions must be increased through effective respiratory physiotherapy techniques, which can be manual and/or instrumental. The properties of mucus can be modified to improve its mobilization through the use of a mucoactive agent. Despite the increase in the number and quality of studies, the evidence for these treatments remains scarce, although their application is recommended in all guidelines.
Aspergillus-Associated Endophenotypes in Bronchiectasis
Authors: Jaggi Tavleen Kaur , Ter Soo Kai , Mac Aogáin Micheál , Chotirmall Sanjay H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBronchiectasis is a chronic condition of global relevance resulting in permanent and irreversible structural airway damage. Bacterial infection in bronchiectasis is well studied; however, recent molecular studies identify fungi as important pathogens, either independently or in association with bacteria. Aspergillus species are established fungal pathogens in cystic fibrosis and their role is now increasingly being recognized in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. While the healthy airway is constantly exposed to ubiquitously present Aspergillus conidia in the environment, anatomically damaged airways appear more prone to colonization and subsequent infection by this fungal group. Aspergilli possess diverse immunopathological mechanistic capabilities and when coupled with innate immune defects in a susceptible host, such as that observed in bronchiectasis, it may promote a range of clinical manifestations including sensitization, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Aspergillus bronchitis, and/or invasive aspergillosis. How such clinical states influence “endophenotypes” in bronchiectasis is therefore of importance, as each Aspergillus-associated disease state has overlapping features with bronchiectasis itself, and can evolve, depending on underlying host immunity from one type into another. Concurrent Aspergillus infection complicates the clinical course and exacerbations in bronchiectasis and therefore dedicated research to better understand the Aspergillus-host interaction in the bronchiectasis airway is now warranted.
Characteristics of Pediatric Stroke and Association of Delayed Diagnosis with Mortality in a Mexican Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Garza-Alatorre Gerardo , Carrion-Garcia Ana Luisa , Falcon-Delgado Alfredo , Garza-Davila Elda Carolina , Martinez-Ponce de Leon Angel R , Botello-Hernandez Edgar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives Pediatric cerebrovascular disease carries significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of a pediatric stroke as well and its most common risk factors are important, but that diagnosis is often delayed. It is believed that the incidence in our center is higher than it appears. This study aims to assess the incidence and characteristics of the pediatric stroke in our university hospital. Likewise, this study seeks to evaluate if a longer symptoms-to-diagnosis time is associated with mortality in patients with ischemic stroke.
Methods A retrospective study including children with stroke admitted to the UANL University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016.
Results A total of 41 patients and 46 stroke episodes were admitted. About 45.7% had an ischemic stroke and 54.3% had a hemorrhagic stroke. A mortality of 24.4% and a morbidity of 60.9% were recorded. Regarding ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, an increased symptoms-to-diagnosis time and a higher mortality were obtained with a relative risk of 2.667 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–6.524, p = 0.013) and 8.0 (95% CI: 2.18–29.24, p = < 0.0001), respectively. A continuous increase in the incidence rate, ranging from 4.57 to 13.21 per 1,000 admissions comparing the first period (2013) versus the last period (2016), p = 0.02, was found in our center.
Conclusions Pediatric stroke is a rare disease; however, its incidence shows a continuous increase. More awareness toward pediatric stroke is needed.
The degrees of maps between

-connected

-dimensional manifolds or Poincaré complexes and their applications
Authors: Grbić J. , Vučić A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, using homotopy theoretical methods we study the degrees of maps between

-connected

-dimensional Poincaré complexes. Necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions for the existence of mapping degrees between such Poincaré complexes are established. These conditions allow us, up to homotopy, to construct explicitly all maps with a given degree.
As an application of mapping degrees, we consider maps between

-connected

-dimensional Poincaré complexes with degree

, and give a sufficient condition for these to be homotopy equivalences. This resolves a homotopy theoretical analogue of Novikov’s question: when is a map of degree

between manifolds a homeomorphism? For low

, we classify, up to homotopy, torsion free

-connected

-dimensional Poincaré complexes.
Bibliography: 29 titles.
NMR identification of a conserved Drp1 cardiolipin-binding motif essential for stress-induced mitochondrial fission
Authors: Mahajan Mukesh , Bharambe Nikhil , Shang Yutong , Lu Bin , Mandal Abhishek , Madan Mohan Pooja , Wang Rihua , Boatz Jennifer C. , Manuel Martinez Galvez Juan , Shnyrova Anna V. , Qi Xin , Buck Matthias , van der Wel Patrick C. A. , Ramachandran Rajesh 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceThe large cytosolic GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) self-assembles around mitochondria to mechanoenzymatically constrict and divide the double-membrane–bound organelle. Although Drp1 recruitment to the mitochondrial surface is contingent upon its binding to protein adaptors, subsequent or coincident interactions with the outer membrane–localized, mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is critical for stress-induced mitochondrial fission. Here, using a combination of multimodal NMR spectroscopy and various biophysical, biochemical, and cellular approaches, we show the intrinsically disordered variable domain of Drp1 undergoes an ordered helical structural transition to penetrate the membrane bilayer and selectively bind CL. The mutation of key residues within an identified CL-binding motif (CBM) results in defective mitochondrial division coupled to the formation of morphologically distinct “donut” mitochondria.
Mapping partner drug resistance to guide antimalarial combination therapy policies in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ehrlich Hanna Y. , Bei Amy K. , Weinberger Daniel M. , Warren Joshua L. , Parikh Sunil 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceAntimalarial resistance has emerged and spread with every antimalarial deployed to date. Currently, parasite genotypes associated with reduced artemisinin and partner drug sensitivity have been reported in Asia, South America, and, most recently, Africa. Analyzing spatial-temporal trends in molecular markers can help policymakers choose efficacious partner drugs and slow the emergence of artemisinin resistance and spread of multidrug-resistant parasites. We display evidence of a continent-wide increase in molecular markers associated with reduced lumefantrine susceptibility, the partner drug of the most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. We also generate hypotheses for large-scale demographic and environmental risk factors implicated in the spread of antimalarial resistance. Our results can help identify regions of developing parasite resistance that may require enhanced surveillance.
Body mass index and aerobic capacity: The key variables for good performance in soldiers
Authors: Orantes‐Gonzalez Eva , Heredia‐Jimenez José , Escabias Manuel 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBody composition, leg power and aerobic capacity have been shown to be related to performance, although their combined influence in a training task under load carriage in soldiers is still unknown. In this study, the influence of aerobic capacity, body composition and leg strength on performance during an obstacle test with and without combat equipment carriage was analysed. Forty males belonging to the Spanish Army participated in this study. The time needed to complete an obstacle course with and without load, aerobic capacity (20‐m shuttle run test), leg power (squat jumps) and body composition variables (body mass index [BMI], fat mass and lean mass) were tested to determine the best predictors of performance. The results indicated that the best predictors of obstacle course performance with and without load carriage are VO2max and BMI. The jump height was not a significant factor in the model. In conclusion, BMI and VO2max are predictors of the obstacle test time with and without load carriage, so it is recommended that both variables are included as criteria for enrolment in the military army to guarantee army members exhibit the highest obstacle course performance possible.Highlight
The VO2max and BMI are the best predictors of an obstacle course performance with/without load carriage.
The jump height was not a significant performance factor.
The VO2max and BMI are recommended as enrolment criteria for military army.
Judicial Ideology in the Absence of Rights
Authors: Robinson Zoë , Leslie Patrick , Sheppard Jill 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch on judicial behavior has yet to systematically examine the extent to which ideology affects voting behavior outside of rights-based issues. This study explores the predictive effect of judicial ideology on judicial votes in a country without a bill of rights: Australia. We develop an ex ante measure of judicial ideology and use original data on every Australian High Court decision between 1995 and 2019 to test whether, and in which types of cases, votes of Australia’s justices align with their ideology. The results show that ex ante ideology is predictive of voting behavior, regardless of policy area.
Assembling BH3-mimic peptide into a nanocluster to target intracellular Bcl2 towards the apoptosis induction of cancer cell
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Gao Ruqing , Yan Huiyu , Zhao Zijian , Zhang Jun , You Weiming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is always overexpressed in tumor cells to suppress the pro-apoptotic function of Bax, thereby prolonging the life of the tumor. However, BH3 proteins could directly activate Bax via antagonizing Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis in response to the stimulation. Thus, mimicking BH3 proteins with a peptide is a potential strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Unfortunately, clinical translation of BH3-mimic peptide is hindered by its inefficacious cellular internalization and proteolysis resistance. Herein, we translated a BH3-mimic peptide into a peptide-auric spheroidal nanocluster (BH3-AuNp), in which polymeric BH3-Auric precursors [Au1+-S-BH3]
n
are in situ self-assembled on the surface of gold nanoparticles by a one-pot synthesis. Expectedly, this strategy could improve the anti-proteolytic ability and cytomembrane penetrability of the BH3 peptide. As a result, BH3-AuNp successfully induced the apoptosis of two cancer cell lines by an order of magnitude compared to BH3. This therapeutic and feasible peptide nano-engineering strategy will help peptides overcome the pharmaceutical obstacles, awaken its biological functions, and possibly revive the research about peptide-derived nanomedicine.
Analysis of biased language in peer-reviewed scientific literature on genetically modified crops
Authors: Stevens Bo Maxwell , Reppen Randi , Linhart Mark , Gibson Kara , Parafiniuk Adrah , Roberts Aradhana , Sanford Robert , Johnson Nancy Collins 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Social, political, and economic forces may inadvertently influence the stance of scientific literature. Scientists strive for neutral language, but this may be challenging for controversial topics like genetically modified (GM) crops. We classified peer-reviewed journal articles and found that 40% had a positive or negative stance towards GM crops. Proportion of positive and negative stance varied with publication date, authors’ country of origin, funding source, and type of genetic modification. Articles with a negative stance were more common at the beginning of the millennium. Authors from China had the highest positive:negative ratio (8:1), followed by authors from the USA (12:5) and the EU (5:7). Positive stance articles were six times more likely to be funded by private sources compared to those with a neutral or negative stance. Articles about glyphosate were more likely to be negative compared to articles about Bacillus thuringiensis. Linguistic features of articles with positive and negative stances were used to train a random forest classifier that predicts stance significantly better than random chance. This suggests the possibility of an automated tool to screen manuscripts for unintended biased language prior to publication.