bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Changes of Snow Cover and Its Relationship With Meteorological Factors on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Jin Haoyu , chen xiaohong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change, and its ecological environment changes directly or indirectly reflect the global climate change trend. The snow cover ratio (SCR) is an important indicator reflecting the climate and environmental changes of the TP. The daily remote sensing data of snow cover on the TP from 2003 to 2014 were used to study the spatio-temporal distribution of snow cover on the TP. The results have shown that the average snowmelt day on the TP starts on the 103rd day and ends on the 223rd day of a year, and the snowmelt duration has a downward trend. Snow is mainly distributed in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains, Karakoram Mountains and Himalayas. The SCR in summer has a downward trend, while in autumn has a rising trend. This shows that the difference in SCR during the year has enlarged, increasing the risk of snowmelt floods. The SCR is highly correlated with temperature, but weakly correlated with precipitation. Using the long-term remote sensing data of snow cover, the distribution of glacier coverage on the TP can be extracted, in which glaciers on the TP account for about 1%. This research provides an important reference for in-depth understanding of the snow cover changes on the TP and their impact on the environment.
Low-Frequency Characterization of Music Sounds - Ultra-Bass Richness From the Sound Wave Beats
Authors: Morikawa Masahiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The orchestra performance is full of sublime rich sounds. In particular, the unison of violins sounds different from the solo violin. We try to clarify this difference and similarity of unison and solo numerically analyzing the beat of ‘violins‘ with timbre, vibrato, melody, and resonance. Characteristic properties appear in the very low-frequency part in the power spectrum of the wave amplitude squared. This ultra-buss richness (UBR) can be a new characteristic of sound on top of the well-known pitch, loudness, and timbre, although being inaudible directly. We find this UBR is always characterized by a power-law at low-frequency with the index around −1 and appears everywhere in music and thus being universal. Furthermore, we explore this power-law property towards much smaller frequency regions and suggest possible relation to the 1/f noise often found in music and many other fields in nature.
Peripheral oxygen measurements in suspected elderly COVID-19 patients can be an effective tool for alerting physicians
Authors: Souza Carmino A De , Miranda Eliana C M , Hadich Deise , Nunes Monica , Masetto Debora , Morato Daiane C P , Scandiuzzi Raquel , Ferreira Maria do Carmo , Zambon Lair , Zuben Andrea von 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since December 2019 the world has been facing a newly identified coronavirus named SarsCov-2 which is the causative agent of COVID-19 that produces different symptoms. One of these symptoms is asymptomatic hypoxia, particularly in elderly patients. Despite the absence of signs of respiratory distress, many patients evolve to respiratory failure. The cause of this asymptomatic hypoxia remains unclear; therefore our goal was to evaluate the utility of peripheral oxygen measurements using oximetry in elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 and with no apparent signs of shortness of breath, during 10 consecutive days. Every elderly patient with suspected COVID-19 who sought medical care at one of the 12 Primary Health Unit (PHU) in the South-West area of Campinas, Sao Paulo State was enrolled in the 10-days monitoring report. Each patient had the levels of oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitored by pulse oximeter from the fifth to the tenth days after the onset of symptoms and, when possible, twice a day; 1297 patients (pts) were followed during the period from August 2020 to February 2021. A total of 9023 measurements were carried out using a SpO2 pulse oximeter. 163 (12.5%) cases were referred to the Emergency Room and 37 (3%) had to be hospitalized. The highest frequencies of symptoms occurred during the 6th and 8th day and included cough (16.8%), fatigue (12.8%), headache (9.7%), loss of taste and/or smell (6.8%). Among the patients who were hospitalized, 13 died (1%). The asymptomatic hypoxia remains unclear; however, the measurement of SpO2 levels appears to be a cheap and effective tool to be used as an alert system for further evaluation.
Study Protocol for a Pilot High Intensity Interval Training Intervention in Inpatient Mental Health Settings: A Two-Part Study Using a Randomised Controlled Trial and Naturalistic Study Design
Authors: Martland Rebecca , Onwumere Juliana , Stubbs Brendon , Gaughran Fiona 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are associated with physical health comorbidities and premature mortality. Physical activity and structured exercise have a beneficial impact on cardiometabolic risk and ameliorate mental health symptomology and cognition. This protocol describes a feasibility study for a high intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention amongst inpatients with SMI, to improve their physical and mental health. Methods: The feasibility study follows a two-part design owing to Covid-19 related adaptations to project design: a) A non-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 12 weeks of bicycle-based HIIT, delivered twice weekly in a face-to-face, one-to-one setting, compared to treatment as usual (TAU). b) A naturalistic study of inpatient HIIT; eligible participants will be invited to two sessions of HIIT per week, delivered by the research team remotely or in person. Additionally, participants may use the bike to conduct self-directed sessions of their chosen length and intensity. We will measure feasibility and acceptability of the HIIT intervention as primary outcomes, alongside secondary and tertiary outcomes evaluating the physical, mental and cognitive effects of HIIT. The study aims to recruit 40 patients to the RCT and 6-8 patients to the naturalistic design. Discussion: Exercise is a modifiable lifestyle barrier that can reverse cardiometabolic disease risk. If HIIT is found to be feasible and acceptable in inpatients with SMI there would be scope for large scale work to evaluate the clinical, cost and implementation effectiveness of HIIT in inpatient mental health settings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, registration no: NCT03959735, registered 22/05/2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03959735
Scutellarin combined with Lidocaine: a new combination of anti-glioma drugs
Authors: He Xiu-Ying , Zhao Xiao-Ming , Xia Qing-Jie , Zhou Lei , Wang Ting-Hua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumors. Although great achievements in the treatment have been made, the efficacy is still not satisfactory, which imposes a great burden on patients and society. Therefore, the exploration of new and effective anti-glioma drugs is urgent.
Methods

Human glioma cells U251 and LN229 cells were included in the study. The proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8, plate clone formation assay, EdU incorporation assay and xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer. The cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The transwell assay was for assessing the migration. Moreover, Western blot was performed to detect the protein level of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
Results

In present study, we found that Scutellarin(SCU) and Lidocaine suppressed the proliferation and migration, and induced the apoptosis of human glioma cells, including U251 and LN229 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the combination of Scutellarin and Lidocaine further restrained the proliferation and migration ability of U251 and LN229 cells, while induced their apoptosis. Mechanistically, the effect of Scutellarin and its combination with Lidocaine on glioma cells was partially associated with the downregulation of EGFR protein.
Conclusions

Scutellarin and Lidocaine exert a synergistic effect on suppressing the proliferation and migration and induce the apoptosis of glioma cells partly via repressing the EGFR expression.
Simulating Convective-Radiative Heat Sinks Effect by means of FEA-based Gaussian Heat Sources and Its Approximate Analytical Solutions for Semi-Infinite Body
Authors: Nguyen Ninh The , Chujutalli John H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
FEA-based Gaussian density heat source models were developed to study the effect of convective and radiative heat sinks on the transient temperature field predicted by the available approximate analytical solution of the purely conduction-based Goldak’s heat source. A new complex 3D Gaussian heat source model, incorporating all three modes of heat transfer, i.e., conduction, convection and radiation, has been developed as an extension of the Goldak heat source. Its approximate transient analytical solutions for this 3-D moving heat source were derived and numerically benchmarked with the available measured temperature & weld pool geometry data by Matlab programming with ~5 to 6 times faster than FEA-based simulation. The new complex 3D Gaussian heat source model and its approximate solution could significantly reduce the computing time in generating the transient temperature field and become an efficient alternative to extensive FEA-based simulations of heating sequences, where virtual optimisation of a melting heat source (i.e. used in welding, heating, cutting or other advanced manufacturing processes) is desirable for characterisation of material behaviour in microstructure evolution, melted pool, microhardness, residual stress and distortions.
Assessing the Effect of Interaction Between C-Reactive Protein and Gut Microbiome on the Risks of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Chen Yujing , Meng Peilin , Cheng Shiqiang , Jia Yumeng , Wen Yan , Yang Xuena , Yao Yao , Pan Chuyu , Li Chun’e , Zhang Huijie , Zhang Jingxi , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cumulative evidence shows that gut microbiome can influence brain function and behavior via the inflammatory processes. However, the role of interaction between gut dysbiosis and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the development of anxiety and depression remains to be elucidated. In this study, a total of 3,321 independent SNP loci associated with gut microbiome were driven from genome-wide association study (GWAS). Using individual level genotype data from UK Biobank, we then calculated the polygenetic risk scoring (PRS) of 114 gut microbiome related traits. Moreover, regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the possible effect of interaction between gut microbiome and CRP on the risks of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (N = 113693) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (N = 114219). At last, 11 candidate CRP× gut microbiome interacting were detected for PHQ-9 score, such as F_Ruminococcaceae (β=-0.009, P=2.2×10-3), G_Akkermansia (β=-0.008, P=7.60×10-3), F_Acidaminococcaceae (β=0.008, P=1.22×10-2), G_Holdemanella (β=-0.007, P=1.39×10-2) and O_Lactobacillales (β=0.006，P=1.79×10-2). 16 candidate CRP ×gut microbiome interacting were detected for GAD-7 score, such as O_Bacteroidales (β=0.010, P=4.00×10-4), O_Selenomonadales (β=-0.010, P=1.20×10-3), O_Clostridiales (β=0.009, P=2.70×10-3) and G_Holdemanella (β= -0.008, P=4.20×10-3). Our results support the significant effect of interaction between CRP and gut microbiome on the risks of anxiety and depression, and identified several candidate gut microbiome for them.
Efficacy of Guizhi Fuling Wan for Primary dysmenorrhea: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yun Du , Li Yatong , Fu Xianyun , Luo Yanan , Li Chenjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPrimary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of main gynecological complaints in women of child-bearing age, but there are limited effective treatments available. Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW), one of the most widely known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formulas, has been the treatment of choice for gynecological disease in China. A growing number of studies have shown that GFW is beneficial for patients with PD. However, the quality of evidence is limited, and there are few studies on the treatment of PD by GFW with specific TCM syndromes. Therefor we will conduct a randomized controlled trial to explore the efficacy and safety of GFW for PD patients with heat-burning blood-stasis syndrome.Methods and analysisThis study is designed as a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to the GFW group (patients receive GFW) and the control group (patients receive a matching placebo) in a 1:1 ratio. The participants will receive either GFW or placebo, twice daily for 3 menstrual cycles with a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the pain intensity reduction measured by a Visual Analog Scale. The secondary outcomes is the Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale, the Self-rating Depression Scale, the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey and the dysmenorrhea diarymenstrual pain.. All outcomes are assessed at baseline, and the 4th, 8th, and 12th week during the interventions, as well as at the 16th, 20th and 24th week follow-up. Any adverse events will be recorded throughout the study.DiscussionThis is the first double-blinded RCT to assess the effectiveness and safety of GFW in treating PD with the heat-burning blood-stasis syndrome. The scientific and rigorous methodology design of this trial will provide significant evidence regarding the use of GFW to treat PD in future.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR2000034118. Regisrered on 25 June 2020.
Third generation cognitive behavioural therapy versus treatment-as-usual for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, 2-parallel-group, evaluator blinded, superiority trial
Authors: Crouzet Laetitia , Gramond Anne , Suehs Carey , Fabbro-Peray Pascale , Abbar Mocrane , Castroman Jorge Lopez 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aims to compare improvements in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptom severity between a group of ADHD children and parents undergoing a new therapeutic program based on third generation cognitive-behavioural therapy (Hyper-mCBT) and a similar group undergoing treatment-as-usual with the Barkley program.Methods248 children diagnosed with ADHD will be randomly assigned to either a Hyper-mCBT program or a Barkley program. This is a randomized (1:1), 2 parallel-group, superiority trial with evaluator blinding and stratification according to center and methylphenidate treatment. Hyper-mCBT program consists in a series of 16 simultaneous-but-separate therapies sessions for parents and for children.DiscussionMore effective psychotherapeutic approaches are needed for ADHD children. Pharmacotherapy seems to be more effective in reducing ADHD symptoms but it is not always helpful, carries side effects and it is rejected by many parents/professionals. Results for psychotherapy programs for ADHD are inconsistent although several studies have shown clinical improvements. This trial will substantiate encouraging preliminary results of an innovative psychotherapy program for both parents and children.Trial registration: Sponsor Number: PHRC-N/2016/JLC-01RCB Identification: 2017-A01349-44 Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03437772 (first posted: February 19, 2018)
Does Hypertensive Disorder and Obstetric Factors Associate with Still Birth Among Women Who Gave Birth in Selected Hospital of Southwestern, Ethiopia?
Authors: Melese  , Sisay  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The cause of stillbirth is often unknown, but can be attributable to various causes; hypertensive disorders and obstetric factors supposed to complicate pregnancy and may cost the life of the fetus. It is the series pregnancy problem not precisely known and only available few research findings are inconsistent & not well established.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the association between Stillbirth and hypertensive disorder and obstetric factors.Methods: Facility based unmatched case-control study design was employed from January2018 to June2019, (287 cases and 574 controls) was selected using systematic random sampling methods. Double population proportions formula with 1:2 case to control ratio was used to calculate sample size with 95% confidence interval and 80% power. The data was collected from clinical records of mother’s a using data collecting checklist. Epi data version 4.4.2.1 was used for data entry, and analysis was done by SPSS version 21 statistical software. Descriptive analysis such as frequency, percentage and chi-square test were done. For the inferential analysis, a multivariable analysis was done. Statically significant was used at a p-value <0.05 both for the univarible and multivariable analysis.Result: Women who had hypertensive disorder were 1.76 times at risk to have stillbirth than no hypertensive disorder (AOR: 1.76: 95%CI :( 1.06, 2.9). In addition, women who had first antenatal care at third trimester were 4 times at higher risk to have still birth than women, who had first antenatal care at first trimesters (AOR: 4, 95%CI: (1.54, 11). Women who had more than four children were 2.6 times at higher risk of having still birth compared with women one child (AOR: 2.6, 95%CI: (1.2, 5.7). Furthermore, the odds of having still birth was found to be higher in women, who had blood group O than blood group A (AOR: 1.7: 95%CI: (1.057, 2.8).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, we conclude that a hypertensive disorders and obstetric factors were risk factors for stillbirth. Therefore, it is significant to give special attention to women with hypertensive disorder and multipara women.
Monitored Exercise and Oxygen Therapy Improves Aerobic and Autonomic Function in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC): A Case Series
Authors: Greenspan Noah , Mackles Marion , Hullstrung Greg , Chin Wai , Kaner Robert , DePalo Louis , Walsh-Messinger Julie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Case Description: Three females (ages 34, 38, and 38) who contracted COVID-19 in March or April 2020 were treated for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) associated cardiopulmonary and autonomic dysfunction seven to eight months following acute-illness. Exercise tolerance was tested using the Bensen protocol, followed by 22 treatment sessions of graduated treadmill exercise combined with supplemental oxygen two or three times a week, after which the exercise tolerance test was repeated. All patients demonstrated improvement in autonomic function and heart rate response during exercise and demonstrated ~54% improvement in exercise tolerance. Dyspnea remitted or improved in all patients, as did other PASC symptoms, including cough, dyspnea, larynx inflammation, chest tightness, fatigue, and post-exertional malaise. Discussion: It appears that PASC is a multisystemic, inflammation-mediated condition, that affects the respiratory, cardiac, neurologic, gastrointestinal and autonomic nervous systems, with high variability in symptomatology and course, both between patients and within individuals. Patient safety should be maximized by conducting thorough cardiac, respiratory, neurologic and pre-rehabilitation evaluations to rule out potential complications related to activity and exercise. Clinical course and comprehensive monitoring of heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation should be evaluated before exercise time and intensity is increased, very conservatively.Summary: Due to the variable nature of PASC, it is crucial to individualize treatment protocols and to modify the protocol based on patient response; however, we show that gradual, monitored exercise combined with supplemental oxygen may improve lingering symptoms and autonomic function in some PASC patients.
Effect of nigella sativa oil sup plementation on kidney function tests, glycemic parameters, oxidative stress, inflammation, quality of life and depression status in diabetic hemodialysis patients; study protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rahmani Alireza , Tarighat-Esfanjani Ali , Niknafs Bahram , Tavakoli-Rouzbehani Omid Mohammad , Maleki Vahid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives: The kidney is probably the most crucial target of microvascular damage in diabetes, which can ultimately eventuate end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis is the most usual way of renal replacement therapy in ESRD. Patients receiving hemodialysis are susceptible to many complications like hyperglycemia, inflammation, depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life. So, they constrained to consume many drugs. Medicinal herbs are used in different cultures as a reliable source of natural remedies. This study aims to determine the efficacy of Nigella sativa (NS) oil supplementation on blood glucose, kidney function tests, inflammation, oxidative stress, quality of life, and depression in hemodialysis patients.Methods and analysis: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial will enroll 46 patients with diabetes mellitus who give hemodialysis thrice a week. Patients who have an inflammatory or infectious disease, and who receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, will be excluded. Patients will be randomized to the treatment and control group, which will be recommended using two soft gel of NS and paraffin oil, respectively. Laboratory tests will be assessed at baseline and end of the study, including fasting blood sugar, glycated albumin, insulin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urea, uric acid, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, high sensitive C reactive protein, and 24-hour urine volume. Also, the kidney disease and quality of life and hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaires will be evaluated.Ethics and dissemination: According to our knowledge no sever adverse effect have been reported. The protocol was found to be in accordance to the ethical principles and national norm standard for conducting medical research in Iran (IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.109). Both positive and negative findings will be reported.Trial registration: Iranian registry of clinical trials: IRCT20200411047027N1. Registered on 31 may 2020, https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/48113/view