bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits liver fibrosis and inflammation in NASH
Authors: Nagasaki Atsuhiro , Sakamoto Shinnichi , Arai Toshiki , Kato Minami , Ishida Eri , Furusho Hisako , Fujii Makiko , Takata Takashi , Miyauchi Mutsumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a critical liver disease showing potential progression to liver cirrhosis/cancer. Previously, we had reported that odontogenic infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, exacerbates fibrosis in NASH through the production of fibrosis mediators such as transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and galectin‐3. In this study, we determined the effects of therapeutic interventions using antibiotics on NASH progression induced by P. gingivalis odontogenic infection.Materials and methodsTo eliminate P. gingivalis infection, the macrolide antibiotic [azithromycin (AZM)] was applied locally and/or systemically to a high‐fat‐diet‐induced NASH mouse model with P. gingivalis odontogenic infection. After treatment with AZM, liver and periodontal tissues were analysed with focus on inflammation markers such as tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)/Tnf‐α and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)/Il‐1β, and fibrosis markers such as galectin‐3, phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2; key signalling molecule of TGF‐β1), and the number of hepatic crown‐like structures (hCLSs). Further, Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score (NAS), a common histological scoring system, and fibrosis area were evaluated.ResultsP. gingivalis odontogenic infection significantly increased the expression of Tnf‐α, Il‐1β, galectin‐3, and pSmad2, the number of hCLSs, and NAS score, whereas the elimination of P. gingivalis odontogenic infection, especially local with or without systemic application, significantly inhibited them.ConclusionThis study suggests that elimination of P. gingivalis odontogenic infection inhibited NASH progression induced by the infection.
Exclusive dealing when upstream displacement is possible
Authors: Liu Ke , Meng Xiaoxuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study exclusive dealing when the incumbent may be displaced by a more efficient entrant due to the need for a firm to pay a fixed cost to remain active. We show that the incumbent can deter socially efficient entry through exclusive contracts under the one‐buyer‐one‐supplier framework. This result continues to hold in the presence of product differentiation, in which case exclusion is more likely to occur when the efficiency gap between the entrant and the incumbent falls into an intermediate range.
Interdisciplinary treatment of a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta: Case report with a 35‐year follow‐up
Authors: Mathews David P. , Knight Douglas J. , O'Connor Ralph V. , Kokich Vincent G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis case will illustrate the interdisciplinary management of an adolescent female patient with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). It will contrast this approach and compare it to the previous “multidisciplinary” treatment rendered before the patient was referred for a second opinion.Clinical considerationsThe patient had a family history of AI affecting all of her permanent teeth. There were many impacted teeth. The majority of her family and relatives afflicted by this opted for dentures. The patient had undergone 2 years of treatment and was told that her “braces would be removed next week.” Her new dentist was concerned because the case was not ready to restore.ConclusionHe recommended referral to another orthodontist for a second opinion and formulation of an interdisciplinary treatment plan that would include a periodontist, endodontist, and restorative dentist. The patient's family accepted the second opinion referral and restarted treatment with an interdisciplinary team. The restorative dentist was the quarterback for this integrated and sequenced approach. The case was ultimately restored. A 35 year follow‐up shows stability with a caries free, periodontally healthy, esthetic result.
Older immigrants perceived health after migration to the United States: Influence of age and level of acculturation
Authors: Kang Gina , Hajduk Alexandra , Marottoli Richard , Nunez‐Smith Marcella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the age‐related differences in the association between level of acculturation and perceptions about change in health status after migration in mid‐ to late‐life immigrants.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingNationally representative cohort of legal U.S. immigrants.ParticipantsLegal immigrants ≥50 years of age.MeasurementsThe outcome was perceived change in health status, determined by the survey question, “compared with your health right before you most recently came to the United States to live, would you say that your health is better now, about the same or worse?” The main predictor included age group (50–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years) and secondary variable of interest was level of acculturation. Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, medical, and functional comorbidities.ResultsImmigrants age ≥75 years were more likely to report worse health after migration [RRR 1.93, 95% CI (1.17, 3.17), p < 0.01] compared with immigrants of 50–64 years, but this difference was not statistically significant in the adjusted model. Acculturation level was associated with increased likelihood of reporting worse health status, [RRR 2.10, (1.02, 4.35), p < 0.05] for somewhat acculturated and [RRR 2.55, (1.10, 5.88), p < 0.05] for most acculturated, compared with participants who were not acculturated.ConclusionThe oldest immigrant group (≥75 years) was more likely to report worse health after migration, but this association was no longer significant after accounting for acculturation level and other covariates. Future work should be undertaken to identify specific health needs across older immigrant age groups and identify acculturative stressors that negatively impact health.
Language in the middle: Class and sexuality on the Hinglish continuum
Authors: Hall Kira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article draws from ethnographic research among youth in Delhi's expanding middle classes to call for more sociolinguistic attention to the role played by sexuality discourse in the reproduction of class relations. The discussion highlights the centrality of the middle classes to sustaining as well as shifting sexual normativity, suggesting that sexual norms are in part constituted through everyday discourses that situate middle class subjectivity between two class extremes. Specifically, the article tracks how Hinglish, as a mixed‐language alternative to a class system polarized by English and Hindi, came to rival English as the preferred language of sexuality, challenging the elite censorship of “vernacular” languages that began in nineteenth‐century colonialism. However, as demonstrated by two case studies of queer speakers at different ends of the Hinglish continuum, speakers of this internally diverse hybrid variety are not equally able to master the sexuality discourse that has become indexical of upward mobility.
The legal complex fractured: Legal professional coalition and collision in Taiwan's judicial reform
Authors: Hsu Ching‐fang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSociolegal studies have identified a collectivity of legal actors—the legal complex—and its association with political liberalism in varying power settings. However, little attention has been paid to how such a collectivity evolves with regime change, or if and when such a collectivity might dissolve. Studying the case of Taiwan, this article demonstrates how various legal professions—lawyers, judges, and prosecutors—unite and divide during and after state transition. Democratization had an unsettling effect that brought out the internal dynamics of the legal professions, which initially aligned with one another to defend judicial autonomy from authoritarian control, but then confronted one another in judicial policy making during democratic times. Each legal profession bases its policy orientations on a normative commitment, which leads to three lines of confrontation: the ways in which the judiciary is held accountable, the extent to which the procuracy enjoys investigative power, and the institutional division between the judiciary and procuracy.
Exploring the environments of Martian impact‐generated hydrothermal systems and their potential to support life
Authors: Ramkissoon Nisha K. , Turner Stuart M. R. , Macey Michael C. , Schwenzer Susanne P. , Reed Mark H. , Pearson Victoria K. , Olsson‐Francis Karen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrothermal systems that formed as a result of impact events possess all the key requirements for life: liquid water, a supply of bio‐essential elements, and potential energy sources. Therefore, they are prime locations in the search for life on other planets. Here, we apply thermochemical modeling to determine secondary mineral formation within an impact‐generated hydrothermal system, using geochemical data returned for two soils on Mars found in regions that have previously experienced alteration. The computed mineral reaction pathways provide a basis for Gibbs energy calculations that enable both the identification of available geochemical energy, obtained from Fe‐based redox reactions, that could be utilized by potential microbial life within these environments, and an estimate of potential cell numbers. Our results suggest that water–rock interactions occurring within impact‐generated hydrothermal systems could support a range of Fe‐based redox reactions. The geochemical energy produced from these reactions would be substantial and indicates that crater environments have the potential to support microbial cell numbers similar to what has been identified in terrestrial environments.
A beginner's guide to low‐coverage whole genome sequencing for population genomics
Authors: Lou Runyang Nicolas , Jacobs Arne , Wilder Aryn P. , Therkildsen Nina Overgaard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLow‐coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS) has emerged as a powerful and cost‐effective approach for population genomic studies in both model and nonmodel species. However, with read depths too low to confidently call individual genotypes, lcWGS requires specialized analysis tools that explicitly account for genotype uncertainty. A growing number of such tools have become available, but it can be difficult to get an overview of what types of analyses can be performed reliably with lcWGS data, and how the distribution of sequencing effort between the number of samples analysed and per‐sample sequencing depths affects inference accuracy. In this introductory guide to lcWGS, we first illustrate how the per‐sample cost for lcWGS is now comparable to RAD‐seq and Pool‐seq in many systems. We then provide an overview of software packages that explicitly account for genotype uncertainty in different types of population genomic inference. Next, we use both simulated and empirical data to assess the accuracy of allele frequency, genetic diversity, and linkage disequilibrium estimation, detection of population structure, and selection scans under different sequencing strategies. Our results show that spreading a given amount of sequencing effort across more samples with lower depth per sample consistently improves the accuracy of most types of inference, with a few notable exceptions. Finally, we assess the potential for using imputation to bolster inference from lcWGS data in nonmodel species, and discuss current limitations and future perspectives for lcWGS‐based population genomics research. With this overview, we hope to make lcWGS more approachable and stimulate its broader adoption.
A rice LRR receptor‐like protein associates with its adaptor kinase OsSOBIR1 to mediate plant immunity against viral infection
Authors: Zhang Hehong , Chen Changhai , Li Lulu , Tan Xiaoxiang , Wei Zhongyan , Li Yanjun , Li Junmin , Yan Fei , Chen Jianping , Sun Zongtao 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPlants sense pathogen attacks using a variety of receptors at the cell surface. The LRR receptor‐like proteins (RLP) and receptor‐like kinases (RLK) are widely reported to participate in plant defence against bacterial and fungal pathogen invasion. However, the role of RLP and RLK in plant antiviral defence has rarely been reported. We employed a high‐throughput‐sequencing approach, transgenic rice plants and viral inoculation assays to investigate the role of OsRLP1 and OsSOBIR1 proteins in rice immunity against virus infection. The transcript of a rice LRR receptor‐like protein, OsRLP1, was markedly up‐regulated following infection by RBSDV, a devastating pathogen of rice and maize. Viral inoculation on various OsRLP1 mutants demonstrated that OsRLP1 modulates rice resistance against RBSDV infection. It was also shown that OsRLP1 is involved in the RBSDV‐induced defence response by positively regulating the activation of MAPKs and PTI‐related gene expression. OsRLP1 interacted with a receptor‐like kinase OsSOBIR1, which was shown to regulate the PTI response and rice antiviral defence. Our results offer a novel insight into how a virus‐induced receptor‐like protein and its adaptor kinase activate the PTI response and antiviral defence in rice.
Relative water content consistently predicts drought mortality risk in seedling populations with different morphology, physiology and times to death
Authors: Sapes Gerard , Sala Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPredicted increases in forest drought mortality highlight the need for predictors of incipient drought‐induced mortality (DIM) risk that enable proactive large‐scale management. Such predictors should be consistent across plants with varying morphology and physiology. Because of their integrative nature, indicators of water status are promising candidates for real‐time monitoring of DIM, particularly if they standardize morphological differences among plants. We assessed the extent to which differences in morphology and physiology between Pinus ponderosa populations influence time to mortality and the predictive power of key indicators of DIM risk. Time to incipient mortality differed between populations but occurred at the same relative water content (RWC) and water potential (WP). RWC and WP were accurate predictors of drought mortality risk. These results highlight that variables related to water status capture critical thresholds during DIM and the associated dehydration processes. Both WP and RWC are promising candidates for large‐scale assessments of DIM risk. RWC is of special interest because it allows comparisons across different morphologies and can be remotely sensed. Our results offer promise for real‐time landscape‐level monitoring of DIM and its global impacts in the near term.
Dermatologic considerations for transgender and gender diverse youth
Authors: Swink Shane M. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSexual and gender minority individuals, including transgender and gender diverse people, are an underserved and vulnerable population in the field of dermatology. While the unique dermatologic needs for adult patients in this group are increasingly documented, the knowledge surrounding pediatric and adolescent transgender/gender diverse patients is lacking. We aim to summarize the unique dermatologic needs of transgender/gender diverse patients, with particular attention paid to the data available in younger groups. This review highlights the unique role pediatric dermatologists can play in the care of transgender and gender diverse youth including but not limited to treating acne and hair pattern changes as well as being knowledgeable about surgical and other cosmetic options for gender affirmation. It also highlights areas for potential future research including dermatologic effects of hormone therapy in children as well as treatments for those side effects.
Multiple System Estimation using Covariates having Missing Values and Measurement Error: Estimating the Size of the Māori Population in New Zealand
Authors: van der Heijden Peter G. M. , Cruyff Maarten , Smith Paul A. , Bycroft Christine , Graham Patrick , Matheson-Dunning Nathaniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate the use of two or more linked lists, for both population size estimation and the relationship between variables appearing on all or only some lists. This relationship is usually not fully known because some individuals appear in only some lists, and some are not in any list. These two problems have been solved simultaneously using the EM algorithm. We extend this approach to estimate the size of the indigenous Māori population in New Zealand, leading to several innovations: (1) the approach is extended to four lists (including the population census), where the reporting of Māori status differs between registers; (2) some individuals in one or more lists have missing ethnicity, and we adapt the approach to handle this additional missingness; (3) some lists cover subsets of the population by design. We discuss under which assumptions such structural undercoverage can be ignored and provide a general result; (4) we treat the Māori indicator in each list as a variable measured with error, and embed a latent class model in the multiple system estimation to estimate the population size of a latent variable, interpreted as the true Māori status. Finally, we discuss estimating the Māori population size from administrative data only. Supplementary materials for our article are available online.
On the three‐dimensional consistency of Hirota's discrete Korteweg‐de Vries equation
Authors: Joshi Nalini , Nakazono Nobutaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHirota's discrete Korteweg‐de Vries equation (dKdV) is an integrable partial difference equation on , which approaches the Korteweg‐de Vries equation in a continuum limit. We find new transformations to other equations, including a second‐degree second‐order partial difference equation, which provide an unusual embedding into a three‐dimensional lattice. The consistency of the resulting system extends a property that has been widely used to study partial difference equations on multidimensional lattices.
Social support and motivation for parenthood as resources against prenatal parental distress
Authors: Gugliandolo Maria Cristina , Cuzzocrea Francesca , Costa Sebastiano , Soenens Bart , Liga Francesca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the pregnancy period, future parents differ substantially in their psychological adjustment, with some parents being more at risk for stress and depression than others. Grounded in self‐determination theory, the present study aimed to investigate the role of motivation to have a child and the social support perceived by both partners in predicting partners’ psychological distress. We examined whether satisfaction of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness played an intervening role in associations of motivation and social support with future parents’ distress. Two hundred and forty‐six Italian couples of heterosexual expecting parents participated. Using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), results showed that perceived support and autonomous motivation to have a child in both partners relate positively to their own psychological need satisfaction. In turn, the satisfaction of needs relates negatively to depressive symptoms and stress, thereby mediating in both partners the effects of perceived support and quality of motivation to have a child. The implications of the findings for future research and clinical interventions are discussed.
Chinese children showed self‐deprecating modest behavior at ages of 7–8
Authors: Hao Yang , Hong Skylar , Su Yanjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChildren care about how others evaluate them. In East Asia, children aged 8 and up tend to downplay their own merit by actively concealing their good deeds. This has been regarded as modest behavior. As a way of self‐presentation, modest behavior may be triggeredby the presence of other people in young children. A child may show modesty through a display of self‐deprecating behavior at various levels, rather than in an all‐or‐nothing style. In this study, a new paradigm aimed at self‐deprecating behavior was designed with the purpose of measuring the development of modest behavior between the ages of 5 and 8 years in a sample of 40 children. Children's ratings of their own merit, i.e., the quality in which they completed the task of cleaning the floor, were compared between a public and a private scenario. Results revealed a significant transition from self‐promoting to self‐deprecating behavior between the 5–6‐year‐olds and the 7–8‐year‐olds. Our findings indicate that children in this age period gradually exhibit reputation‐managing behaviors in social situations, which is corroborated by the measurement of self‐presentation in the self‐introduction paradigm.
Evaluation of High‐Efficiency Image Coding algorithm for dermatology images in teledermatology
Authors: Bakhshali Mohamad Amin , Gholizadeh Maryam , Layegh Pouran , Nahidi Yalda , Memarzadeh Zeinab , Meybodi Naser Tayebi , Eslami Saeed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, teledermatology assumes a progressively greater role in the modern healthcare system, especially in consultation, diagnosis, or examining lesions and skin cancers. One of the major challenges facing teledermatology systems is determining the optimal image compression method to efficiently reduce the space needed for electronic storage and data transmission.ObjectiveTo the objective and subjective assessment of HEIC compression method on dermatological color images and benchmarking the performance of High‐Efficiency Image Coding (HEIC) with different algorithms to a feasibility study of the method for teledermatology.MethodsTwenty‐five clinical and five skin histopathology images were taken in department of dermatology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. For each image, a set of 24 compressed images with different compression rates, which is composed of eight JPEG, eight JPEG2000, and eight HEIC images, has been prepared. Compressed and original images were shown simultaneously to three dermatologists and one dermatopathologist with different experiences. Each dermatologist scored quality and suitability of compressed images for diagnostic, as well as educational/scientific purposes. An objective evaluation was performed by calculating the mean “distance” of pixel colors and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR).ResultsAll compression rates for HEIC were objectively better than JPEG and JPEG2000, particularly at PSNR. Moreover, mean “color distance” per pixel for compressed images using HEIC was lower than others. The subjective image quality assessment also confirms the results of objective evaluation. In both educational and clinical diagnostic applications, HEIC compressed images have the highest score.ConclusionIn consideration of objective and subjective evaluation, the HEIC algorithm represents an optimal performance in dermatology images compression compared with JPEG and JPEG2000.