bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain Effects on Rashba Spin‐Orbit Coupling of 2D Hole Gases in GeSn/Ge Heterostructures
Authors: Tai Chia‐Tse , Chiu Po‐Yuan , Liu Chia‐You , Kao Hsiang‐Shun , Harris C. Thomas , Lu Tzu‐Ming , Hsieh Chi‐Ti , Chang Shu‐Wei , Li Jiun‐Yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA demonstration of 2D hole gases in GeSn/Ge heterostructures with a mobility as high as 20 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 is given. Both the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations and integer quantum Hall effect are observed, indicating high sample quality. The Rashba spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) is investigated via magneto‐transport. Further, a transition from weak localization to weak anti‐localization is observed, which shows the tunability of the SOC strength by gating. The magneto‐transport data are fitted to the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka formula. The phase‐coherence and spin‐relaxation times, as well as spin‐splitting energy and Rashba coefficient of the k‐cubic term, are extracted. The analysis reveals that the effects of strain and confinement potential at a high fraction of Sn suppress the Rashba SOC caused by the GeSn/Ge heterostructures.
Electronic Modulation of Non‐van der Waals 2D Electrocatalysts for Efficient Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Jianmei , Lin Yanping , Wang Xiaohan , Li Jianmin , Li Yao , Gao Lijun , Zhang Labao , Chao Dongliang , Xiao Xu , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe exploration of efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion is important for green energy development. Owing to their high surface areas and unusual electronic structure, 2D electrocatalysts have attracted increasing interest. Among them, non‐van der Waals (non‐vdW) 2D materials with numerous chemical bonds in all three dimensions and novel chemical and electronic properties beyond those of vdW 2D materials have been studied increasingly over the past decades. Herein, the progress of non‐vdW 2D electrocatalysts is critically reviewed, with a special emphasis on electronic structure modulation. Strategies for heteroatom doping, vacancy engineering, pore creation, alloying, and heterostructure engineering are analyzed for tuning electronic structures and achieving intrinsically enhanced electrocatalytic performances. Lastly, a roadmap for the future development of non‐vdW 2D electrocatalysts is provided from material, mechanism, and performance viewpoints.
Intact Vertical 3D–0D–2D Carbon‐Based p–n Junctions for Use in High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Feng Xiaoqiang , He Zhengyi , Liu Zhiduo , Zhu Wei , Zhao Menghan , Yang Siwei , Guo Qinglei , Chen Da , Ding Guqiao , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUltrathin 2D graphene (2D‐Gr) sheets have inherently weak absorption characteristics (only 2.3%). Pristine‐graphene‐based photodetectors therefore have short carrier lifetimes and small Schottky barriers that severely restrict their practical application. In this work, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and dynamic plasma‐assisted CVD (PACVD) are used to grow vertical p–n junctions in situ, which can then be used to form novel near‐infrared photodetectors. The directly formed vertical heterostructures feature 0D C3N quantum dots (QDs) in the middle position which acts as nucleation seeds to directly and rapidly grow 3D graphene (3D‐Gr) structures that act as the n‐type region. The bottom layer consists of a single‐crystal 2D‐Gr film that forms the p‐type region. The large built‐in electric field at the interface of the depletion region of the 3D‐Gr/2D‐Gr vertical p–n junction leads to the rapid separation of any photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Thus, the photodetector exhibits an excellent responsivity of 2.98  ×  107 A W−1 and a detectivity of 1.04  ×  1013 cm  Hz1/2  W−1 at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The response speed of the photodetector is ultrafast and exceeds that of other vertical/lateral p–n‐junction‐based photodetectors. Its speed is ascribed to the synergism that exists between the C3N QDs and 3D‐Gr due to their unique electron distributions and structural distortions. The research paves the way for a novel class of high‐performance graphene‐based photodetectors with hybrid architecture.
Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super‐Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring
Authors: Durant Fallon , Whited Jessica L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoft tissue fibrosis and cutaneous scarring represent massive clinical burdens to millions of patients per year and the therapeutic options available are currently quite limited. Despite what is known about the process of fibrosis in mammals, novel approaches for combating fibrosis and scarring are necessary. It is hypothesized that scarring has evolved as a solution to maximize healing speed to reduce fluid loss and infection. This hypothesis, however, is complicated by regenerative animals, which have arguably the most remarkable healing abilities and are capable of scar‐free healing. This review explores the differences observed between adult mammalian healing that typically results in fibrosis versus healing in regenerative animals that heal scarlessly. Each stage of wound healing is surveyed in depth from the perspective of many regenerative and fibrotic healers so as to identify the most important molecular and physiological variances along the way to disparate injury repair outcomes. Understanding how these powerful model systems accomplish the feat of scar‐free healing may provide critical therapeutic approaches to the treatment or prevention of fibrosis.
Production of a Promising Biosynthetic Self‐Assembled Nanoconjugate Vaccine against Klebsiella Pneumoniae Serotype O2 in a General Escherichia Coli Host
Authors: Peng Zhehui , Wu Jun , Wang Kangfeng , Li Xin , Sun Peng , Zhang Lulu , Huang Jing , Liu Yan , Hua Xiaoting , Yu Yunsong , Pan Chao , Wang Hengliang , Zhu Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a severe opportunistic pathogen with multiple drug resistances. Finding effective vaccines against this pathogen is urgent. Although O‐polysaccharides (OPS) of K. pneumoniae are suitable antigens for the preparation of vaccines given their low levels of diversity, the low immunogenicity (especially serotype O2) limit their application. In this study, a general Escherichia coli host system is developed to produce a nanoscale conjugate vaccine against K. pneumoniae using the Nano‐B5 self‐assembly platform. The experimental data illustrate that this nanoconjugate vaccine can induce an efficient humoral immune response in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and elicit high titers of the IgG antibody against bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The ideal prophylactic effects of these nanoconjugate vaccines are further demonstrated in mouse models of both systemic and pulmonary infection. These results demonstrate that OPS with low immunogenicity can be changed into an effective antigen, indicating that other haptens may be applicable to this strategy in the future. To the knowledge, this is the first study to produce biosynthetic nanoconjugate vaccines against K. pneumoniae in E. coli, and this strategy can be applied to the development of other vaccines against pathogenic bacteria.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma in Noonan syndrome
Authors: Ali Marwan M. , Gilliam Amy E. , Ruben Beth S. , Tidyman William E. , Rauen Katherine A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) is one of the common RASopathies. While the clinical phenotype in NS is variable, it is typically characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, cardiac defects, reduced growth, bleeding disorders, learning issues, and an increased risk of cancer. Several different genes cause NS, all of which are involved in the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) pathway. Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is an uncommon, proliferative, self‐limited cutaneous disorder that affects young individuals and may be overlooked or misdiagnosed due to its transient nature. A RASopathy that is known to be associated with JXG is neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). JXG in NF1 has also been reported in association with a juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). As RASopathies, both NS and NF1 have an increased incidence of JMML. We report a 10‐month‐old female with NS who has a PTPN11 pathogenic variant resulting in a heterozygous SHP2 p.Y62D missense mutation. She was found to have numerous, small, yellow‐pink smooth papules that were histopathologically confirmed to be JXG. In understanding the common underlying pathogenetic dysregulation of the Ras/MAPK pathway in both NS and NF1, this report suggests a possible molecular association for why NS individuals may be predisposed to JXG.
Fusion imaging in brain structure measurements on a fetus phantom, combining real‐time ultrasound with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Arechvo Anastasija , Lingman Göran , Thurn Lars , Jansson Tomas , Jokubkiene Ligita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess synchronisation of MRI and US in measuring foetus phantom head structures; inter‐method, intra‐ and inter‐observer differences on biparietal diameter (BPD), head diameter, anterio‐posterior head diameter (HAP) and lateral ventricle structures (VS).MethodsFusion Imaging (FI) has been performed by combining MRI and US simultaneously. Axial scans of 1.5 Tesla MRI on a foetus phantom were acquired and uploaded on a US machine (EPIQ 7G, Philips). A PercuNav US tracker allowed the system to recognise and display the position of the transducer. A fetal phantom tracker was used as a phantom reference. Real‐time US of the phantom head was performed by synchronising the uploaded MRI images using different landmarks. Synchronisation has been assessed by taking measurements after rotating the US probe by 90. Measurements were taken by three different observers twice. Differences in measurements between MRI and US, inter‐, intra‐observer differences in all measurements were assessed.ResultsBPD, HAP and VS measurements before rotation were 0.13 ± 0.06 cm, 0.46 ± 0.09 cm and 0.4 ± 0.23 cm (width) and mean 0.6 ± 0.25 cm (length) larger at MRI than at US using any number of landmarks. After US probe rotation VS were 0.3 ± 0.24 cm in width and 0.3 ± 0.27 cm in length. Intra‐ and inter‐observer differences in all measurements were small.ConclusionsFI showed good synchronisation in measurements. BPD, HAP and VS were larger at MRI than US, likely a result of the way images are generated. Intra‐, inter‐observer differences between measurements were small. This can be important when reporting geometric measures from FI.
Modifying pathways by age and sex for the association between combined sleep disordered breathing and long sleep duration with neurocognitive decline in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Kaur Sonya S. , Tarraf Wassim , Wu Benson , Gonzalez Kevin A. , Daviglus Martha , Shah Neomi , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Gallo Linda C. , Wohlgemuth William , Redline Susan , Gonzalez Hector M. , Ramos Alberto R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to determine whether obesity or metabolic syndrome (MetS) modify associations between sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), self‐reported sleep duration (SD), and phenotypes of combined SDB/SD with 7‐year neurocognitive decline (ND) in a community based‐cohort of U.S. Hispanic/Latinos (N = 5500) in different age and sex groups.MethodsThe exposures were baseline SDB (respiratory event index ≥ 15), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 10), SD (< 6 hours, 6–9 hours, ≥ 9 hours). The outcome was 7‐year ND.ResultsMean age was 56.0 years, 54.8% were females. Obesity modified the association between SDB/SD and ND in memory (F = 21.49, P < 0.001) and global cognition (F = 9.14, P < 0.001) in the oldest age group. Women without MetS with combined long sleep/SDB exhibited most pronounced decline in global cognition (F = 3.07, P = 0.010).DiscussionThe association between combined SDB/long sleep and declines in memory and global cognition was most pronounced in obese older adults. Among women, MetS status modified the association between long sleep/SDB and decline in global cognition.
Surface‐Modified Phthalocyanine‐Based Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework Films for Polarity‐Selective Chemiresistive Sensing
Authors: Wang Mingchao , Zhang Zhe , Zhong Haixia , Huang Xing , Li Wei , Hambsch Mike , Zhang Panpan , Wang Zhiyong , St. Petkov Petko , Heine Thomas , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract2D conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are emerging as electroactive materials for chemiresistive sensors, but selective sensing with fast response/recovery is a challenge. Phthalocyanine‐based Ni2[MPc(NH)8] 2D c‐MOF films are presented as active layers for polarity‐selective chemiresisitors toward water and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Surface‐hydrophobic modification by grafting aliphatic alkyl chains on 2D c‐MOF films decreases diffused analytes into the MOF backbone, resulting in a considerably accelerated recovery progress (from ca. 50 to ca. 10 s) during humidity sensing. Toward VOCs, the sensors deliver a polarity‐selective response among alcohols but no signal for low‐polarity aprotic hydrocarbons. The octadecyltrimethoxysilane‐modified Ni2[MPc(NH)8] based sensor displays high‐performance methanol sensing with fast response (36 s)/recovery (13 s) and a detection limit as low as 10 ppm, surpassing reported room‐temperature chemiresistors.
Synthesis and anticancer activity of ethyl 5‐amino‐1‐N‐substituted‐imidazole‐4‐carboxylate building blocks
Authors: Ruzi Zukela , Nie Lifei , Bozorov Khurshed , Zhao Jiangyu , Aisa Haji A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of 5‐amino‐1‐N‐substituted‐imidazole‐4‐carboxylate building blocks was synthesized and assayed for their antiproliferative potential against human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical), HT‐29, HCT‐15 (colon), A549 (lung), and MDA‐MB‐231 (breast) cells. The preliminary screening results revealed that several derivatives containing alkyl chains at the N‐1 position of the imidazole core demonstrate a certain inhibitory effect on growth and proliferation. A significant effect was observed following ethyl 5‐amino‐1‐dodecyl‐1H‐imidazole‐4‐carboxylate (5e) treatment for 72 h. The IC50 value for HeLa cells was 0.737 ± 0.05 μM, whereas that for HT‐29 cells was 1.194 ± 0.02 μM. Further investigations revealed that 5e significantly inhibited tumor cell colony formation and migration, and it exhibited antiadhesive effects on HeLa cells as well as antitubulin activity along with the induction of early apoptosis of HeLa and HT‐29 cells. In addition, derivative 5e significantly reduced the cell mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose‐dependent manner and induced early apoptosis of HeLa and HT‐29 cells, indicating that 5e may serve as a lead compound for further drug discovery and development.
Cetuximab combined with paclitaxel or paclitaxel alone for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progressing after EXTREME
Authors: Chevalier Thomas , Daste Amaury , Saada‐Bouzid Esmaa , Loundou Anderson , Peyraud Florent , Lambert Tiphaine , Le Tourneau Christophe , Peyrade Frédéric , Dupuis Charlotte , Alfonsi Marc , Fayette Jérôme , Reure Juliette , Huguet Florence , Fakhry Nicolas , Toullec Clémence , Salas Sébastien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrognosis of recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor. The addition of cetuximab, to platinum and fluorouracil chemotherapy (EXTREME regimen) has been shown to improve patients’ outcomes in first‐line settings.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective, multicenter study, including HNSCC that progressed after a first line of platinum‐based chemotherapy and cetuximab, treated either by paclitaxel + cetuximab (PC) or paclitaxel alone (P), between January 2010 and April 2018. The end points were overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall response rates (ORR). Patients were matched according to their propensity scores, estimated with a logistic regression model. The secondary objectives were to study the safety profile and to look for prognostic and predictive factors of effectiveness.RESULTSOf the 340 identified patients, 262 were included in the analysis, 165 received PC, and 97 received P. In unmatched population, ORR was 16.4% with PC and 6.2% for P. Median PFS was 2.9 months [95% Confidence Interval 2.7–3.0] for PC versus 2.5 months [2.2–2.7] for P, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.770 [0.596–0.996]. Median OS was 5.5 months [4.4–6.9] for PC versus 4.2 months [3.4–4.8] for P, HR = 0.774 [0.590–1.015]. In multivariate analysis, PC was associated with better PFS and OS. These results were consistent in matched‐paired population. Previous cetuximab maintenance for more than 3 months was predictive of better OS with PC.CONCLUSIONAlthough the continuation of cetuximab in combination with paclitaxel after EXTREME provides moderate benefit, it could be an interesting option for selected patients.
Interactive multi‐character motion retargeting
Authors: Kim Jongmin , Seol Yeongho , Kwon Taesoo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA motion retargeting process is necessary as the body size and proportion of the actors are generally different from those of the target characters. However, the original spatial relationship between the multiple characters and the environment is easily broken when using previous motion retargeting methods, which are generally performed for each character independently. Therefore, time‐consuming manual adjustments by animators are usually required to obtain satisfactory results. To address these issues, we present a novel multicharacter motion retargeting method that preserves various types of spatial relationships between characters and environments. We establish a unified deformation‐based framework for the motion retargeting of multiple characters (more than two) or nonhuman characters with complex interactions. Also, an interactive motion editing interface with immediate feedback to the user is provided. We experimentally show that our method achieves a speedup when compared with previous motion retargeting methods.
Rare association of trisomy 13 with ectrodactyly and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Al Rawi Wafaa N. , Al‐Safi Wala'a , Abuobayda Ashraf N. , Elmansoury Nabil S. , Lonikar Abhijeet S. , Alshorman Anas , Maldar Hasansaheb D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur findings expand the known clinical features of trisomy 13 by including ectrodactyly as a possible Trisomy 13‐associated limb malformation. We highlight the importance of performing antenatal genetic test to establish more specific treatment plan.
Preparation and Characterization of Potassium Superoxide Particles as Chemical Air Revitalization Component
Authors: Shokouhian Rahil , Hosseini Seyed Ghorban , Fathollahi Manoochehr , Motamedalshariaty Seyed Hadi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPotassium superoxide (KO2) particles as the main air revitalization component were prepared by electrohydrodynamic (EHD), spray drying, and drum drying methods. Morphology and crystallinity of the prepared samples were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The results indicate that all obtained samples crystallized in tetragonal form and the ones obtained by the EHD method have the most uniform and higher degree of crystallinity. An accelerating aging technique was employed to determine the decomposition kinetic parameters (activation energy Ea, pre‐exponential factor A, and decomposition reaction model) and chemical lifetime of the obtained particles. KO2 particles obtained by the EHD method showed the highest stability and shelf‐life of all investigated samples.
Tetrasubstituted Peropyrenes Formed by Reductive Aromatization: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization
Authors: Werner Simon , Vollgraff Tobias , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe chromophore class of 1,3,8,10‐tetrasubstituted peropyrenes was effectively synthesized from peropyrenequinone via a Zn‐mediated reductive aromatization approach. In one step, a symmetric functionalization of the peropyrene backbone introducing silylethers (2,3), pivaloyl (4), triflyl (5) and also phosphinite (6) groups was established. Furthermore, the potential of using4and5in transition metal catalysed cross couplings was explored leading to 1,3,8,10‐tetraaryl (8‐11) and tetraalkynyl (7) peropyrenes. The influence of various substituents on the optoelectronic properties of these π‐system extended peropyrenes was investigated in solid state by means of X‐ray crystallography, in solution by means of UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and by their redox properties studied via cyclic voltammetry. By comparison with DFT and TD‐DFT calculations, it could be elucidated that introduction of a broad variety of substituents in such versatile one or two step procedures leads to peropyrenes with easily tunable HOMO and LUMO energies ranging in a gap window of 0.8 eV. The frontier molecular orbital energies identify the target molecules as promising candidates for hole transporting semiconductors.
Stabilization of Bicontinuous Cubic Phase and Its Two‐Sided Nature Produced by Use of Siloxane Tails and Introduction of Molecular Nonsymmetry
Authors: Kutsumizu Shoichi , Kawafuchi Akane , Yamamura Yasuhisa , Udagawa Taro , Otaki Takashi , Masuda Masaki , Miwa Yohei , Saito Kazuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA recent intriguing finding that a helical network arrangement forms the bicontinuous cubic phase is attracting great attention for the possibility of new routes to asymmetric synthesis by achiral molecules. However, the design of the molecular structure for the cubic phase is still unrevealed. In this work, a nonsymmetric core molecule with larger naphthalene and smaller benzene moieties at each side of the central linkage and the same disiloxanyldecyloxy terminal at both terminals is shown to be the first example of molecule forming both single‐layered and double‐layered core assembly modes in the Ia3d phase as a single molecule system. The molecule forms the former mode at high temperatures as a thermodynamically stable phase, similarly to the symmetric naphthalene core system, whereas, on cooling below a temperature (∼350 K), a metastable Ia3d phase forms a double‐layered core state down to room temperature, which is common to the benzene core system. As another effect of the nonsymmetric core, the cubic phase is maintained at room temperature for more than 100 days with slight distortion. Infrared spectral studies and quantum chemical calculations suggested the easy transformation between the two core assembly modes. The core nonsymmetry can be a versatile fine‐tuning of the core assembly mode and phase stability for the cubic phase molecules.
β‐Actin Peptide‐Based Inhibitors of Histidine Methyltransferase SETD3
Authors: Hintzen Jordi C. J. , Moesgaard Laust , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Drozak Jakub , Kongsted Jacob , Mecinović Jasmin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSETD3 was recently identified as the histidine methyltransferase responsible for N3‐methylation of His73 of β‐actin in humans. Overexpression of SETD3 is associated with several diseases, including breast cancer. Here, we report a development of actin‐based peptidomimetics as inhibitors of recombinantly expressed human SETD3. Substitution of His73 by simple natural and unnatural amino acids led to selected β‐actin peptides with high potency against SETD3 in MALDI‐TOF MS assays. The selenomethionine‐containing β‐actin peptide was found to be the most potent SETD3 inhibitor (IC50=161 nM). Supporting our inhibition assays, a combination of computational docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the His73 binding pocket for β‐actin in SETD3 is rigid and accommodates the inhibitor peptides with similar binding modes. Collectively, our work demonstrates that actin‐based peptidomimetics can act as potent SETD3 inhibitors and provide a basis for further development of highly potent and selective inhibitors of SETD3.