bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomics provides a robust framework for the relationships of the major clades of cladobranch sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), but fails to resolve the position of the enigmatic genus Embletonia
Authors: Karmeinski Dario , Meusemann Karen , Goodheart Jessica A. , Schroedl Michael , Martynov Alexander , Korshunova Tatiana , Wägele Heike , Donath Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The soft-bodied cladobranch sea slugs represent roughly half of the biodiversity of marine nudibranch molluscs on the planet. Despite their global distribution from shallow waters to the deep sea, from tropical into polar seas, and their important role in marine ecosystems and for humans (as targets for drug discovery), the evolutionary history of cladobranch sea slugs is not yet fully understood.

Results
To enlarge the current knowledge on the phylogenetic relationships, we generated new transcriptome data for 19 species of cladobranch sea slugs and two additional outgroup taxa (Berthella plumula and Polycera quadrilineata). We complemented our taxon sampling with previously published transcriptome data, resulting in a final data set covering 56 species from all but one accepted cladobranch superfamilies. We assembled all transcriptomes using six different assemblers, selecting those assemblies that provided the largest amount of potentially phylogenetically informative sites. Quality-driven compilation of data sets resulted in four different supermatrices: two with full coverage of genes per species (446 and 335 single-copy protein-coding genes, respectively) and two with a less stringent coverage (667 genes with 98.9% partition coverage and 1767 genes with 86% partition coverage, respectively). We used these supermatrices to infer statistically robust maximum-likelihood trees. All analyses, irrespective of the data set, indicate maximal statistical support for all major splits and phylogenetic relationships at the family level. Besides the questionable position of Noumeaella rubrofasciata, rendering the Facelinidae as polyphyletic, the only notable discordance between the inferred trees is the position of Embletonia pulchra. Extensive testing using Four-cluster Likelihood Mapping, Approximately Unbiased tests, and Quartet Scores revealed that its position is not due to any informative phylogenetic signal, but caused by confounding signal.

Conclusions
Our data matrices and the inferred trees can serve as a solid foundation for future work on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of Cladobranchia. The placement of E. pulchra, however, proves challenging, even with large data sets and various optimization strategies. Moreover, quartet mapping results show that confounding signal present in the data is sufficient to explain the inferred position of E. pulchra, again leaving its phylogenetic position as an enigma.
Clinical values of resting electrocardiography in patients with known or suspected chronic coronary artery disease: a stress perfusion cardiac MRI study
Authors: Kaolawanich Yodying , Thongsongsang Rawiwan , Songsangjinda Thammarak , Boonyasirinant Thananya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Electrocardiography (ECG) is an essential investigation in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, evidence regarding the diagnostic and prognostic value of ECG in this population is limited. Therefore, we sought to determine whether baseline ECG abnormalities were associated with myocardial ischemia and cardiac events in patients with known or suspected chronic CAD.

Methods
Consecutive patients with known (n = 146) or suspected chronic CAD (n = 349) referred for adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) between 2011 and 2014 were enrolled. Resting ECGs were classified as major, minor, and no abnormalities. Predictors of myocardial ischemia on CMR and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure and late revascularization (> 180 days after CMR) were evaluated.

Results
Average age was 69 ± 11 years (51% men). One hundred and eighty-five patients (37.4%) had major and 154 (31.1%) had minor ECG abnormalities. In patients with suspected CAD, myocardial ischemia was presented in 83 patients (23.8%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated major ECG abnormality as the strongest predictor of myocardial ischemia (HR 2.51; 95% CI 1.44–4.36; p = 0.001). Adding ECG to clinical pretest probability models improved the prediction of myocardial ischemia in ROC analyses (p = 0.04). In the whole cohort (n = 495), 91 MACE occurred during the median follow-up period of 4.8 years. Multivariable analysis showed that diabetes mellites, history of heart failure, prior revascularization, left ventricular ejection fraction, ischemia, and major ECG abnormality were independent predictors of MACE.

Conclusion
Abnormal resting ECG is common in patients with known or suspected chronic CAD. ECG had important diagnostic and prognostic values in this population.
Effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy for the wound of ileostomy closure: a multicenter, phase II randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kojima Koichiro , Goto Mayu , Nagashima Yasuo , Saito Yoko , Kawai Masaya , Takebe Shihori , Egawa Akiko , Tanba Mitsuko , Ishikawa Kazue , Matsuoka Hiroyoshi , Masaki Tadahiko , Sunami Eiji , Ohura Norihiko , Teruya Koji , Eto Ken , Nozawa Keijiro , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Funahashi Kimihiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The American Society of Surgery and American Society for Surgical Infections issued guidelines for surgical site infections (SSIs) in December 2016. These guidelines recommend a purse-string suture (PSS) for stoma closure as it facilitates granulation and enables open wound drainage. This study investigated the effect of using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) along with standard PSS and aimed to determine the optimal period of NPWT use.

Methods
The patients were divided into three groups as follows: Group A, postoperative wound management alone with gauze exchange as the representative of conventional PSS; Group B, the performed management was similar to that of Group A plus NPWT for 1 week; and Group C, the performed management was similar to that of Group A plus NPWT for 2 weeks. Regarding objective measures, the wound reduction rate was the primary outcome, and the incidence of SSIs, length of hospital stay, and wound healing duration were the secondary outcomes.

Results
In total, 30 patients (male: 18, female: 12) were enrolled. The average age was 63 (range: 43–84) years. The wound reduction rate was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A on postoperative days (PODs) 7 (66.1 vs. 48.4%, p = 0.049) and 10 (78.6 vs. 58.2%, p = 0.011), whereas no significant difference was observed on POD 14. Compared with Group A, Group C (POD 7: 65.9%, POD 10: 69.2%) showed an increase in the wound reduction rate on POD 7, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.075). SSIs were observed in Groups B (n = 2) and C (n = 2) (20%) but not in Group A (0%).

Conclusions
The most effective duration of NPWT use for ileostomy closure with PSS in terms of the maximum wound reduction rate was from PODs 3 to 10. However, NPWT did not shorten the wound healing duration. NPWT may reduce the wound size but should be used with precautions for SSIs. The small sample size (30 cases), the use of only one type of NPWT system, and the fact that wound assessment was subjective and not blinded were the limitations of this study. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry; UMIN000032174 (10/04/2018).
Female genital mutilation/cutting in sudan and subsequent pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: Birge Özer , Serin Aliye Nigar , Bakır Mehmet Sait 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics of women with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and the results of FGM/C due to pelvic floor dysfunction.ResultsThe prevalence of FGM/C was 87.2% in Sudan and Type 3 (50.4%) was the most prevalent, followed by Type 2 (35%) and Type 1 (8.5%). In the multinominal logistic regression analysis performed to show the effect of FGM/C on pelvic organ prolapse (POP), it was observed that FGM/C frequency in POP group 2 was statistically similar when POP group 1 was taken as reference category. In the evaluation for symptomatic POP (POP group 3), risk of developing POP in patients without FGM/C was significantly lower than patients with type 3 FGM/C with a rate of 82.9% (OR(odds ratio): 0.171 (p: 0.002), (Confidence Interval (CI) %95; 0.058–0.511). Risk of developing POP rate in patients with type 1 FGM/C was 75% (OR:0.250 (p: 0.005), CI %95; 0.094–0.666) and in patients with type 2 FGM/C was 78.4% (OR:0.216 (p: 0.0001), CI%95; 0.115–0.406). In the multinominal logistic regression analysis including other variables affecting POP, when group 1 was taken as the reference category, it was found that the possibility of developing mild POP (group 2) decreased in FGM/C type 1 and 2 compared to FGM/C type 3 but it was not statistically significant. However, the evaluation for the symptomatic POP group showed up a significantly lower risk of developing POP in patients with type 2 FGM/C compared to patients with type 3 FGM/C, with a rate of 58.4%. (OR:0.419 (p: 0.016), CI%95; 0.206–0.851) (Table 3). In addition, older age was found to be significant risk factor for increasing symptomatic POP (p: 0.003).ConclusionsType 2 and 3 FGM/C continues to be an important health problem in terms of complications that may develop in advanced ages as well as many short-term complications as a result of mechanical or physiological deterioration of the female genital anatomy.
Quantitative evaluation of ankle cartilage in asymptomatic adolescent football players after season by T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Luo Sipin , Cao Yi , Hu Peng , Wang Nan , Wan Yeda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Ankle sprain affects the structure and function of ankle cartilage. However, it is not clear whether the daily training and competition affect the ankle cartilage without acute injury. Changes in ankle cartilage without injury may influence future strategies to protect ankle function in athletes. This study aimed to evaluate whether the composition of ankle cartilage significantly altered in asymptomatic adolescent football players after a whole season of training and competition using T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and methods
12 local club’s U17 asymptomatic adolescent football players without abnormalities in routine MRI were included. Routine and T2-mapping MRI were performed to measure the cartilage thickness of tibiotalar joint (TT) and posterior subtalar joint (pST) and T2 values in pre- and post-seasons. All of them took the right side as dominant foot.

Results
In the pre- and post-seasons, cartilage T2 values in TT (talus side) and pST (calcaneus side) were higher than that of TT (tibial side) and pST (talus side) (all p < 0.05), which was caused by magic angle effect and gravity load. No statistically significant differences in thickness after season in the other cartilages of ankle were found compared with that before the season (all p > 0.05). However, T2 values of TT (tibial side and talus side) cartilage in the dominant foot were significantly reduced after season (p = 0.008; p = 0.034). These results indicate that the microstructure of articular cartilage changes in the joints with greater mobility, although no trauma occurred and the gross morphology of cartilage did not change.

Conclusion
Changes in the T2 values of tibiotalar joint cartilage in the dominant foot of healthy young athletes before and after the season suggest that the microstructure of cartilage had changed during sports even without injury. This finding suggests that the dominant ankle joint should be protected during football to delay degeneration of the articular cartilage.
Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma with nodal involvement in an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lebby Elliott , Kwan Daniel , Bui Thanh-Lan , O’Connell Ryan , Seetharaman Mani , Houshyar Roozbeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Ganglioneuromas are a benign tumor originating from neural crest cells. As one of the neuroblastic tumors, ganglioneuromas are most common in children, with a mean age at presentation of 7 years. Ganglioneuromas are typically singular in nature, but rarely can present with lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. We present a rare case of a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma found in a human immunodeficiency virus positive adult, which was complicated by lymph node involvement. This case is notable not only in regard to the age of the patient, but also because of his human immunodeficiency virus positive status and the extension of tumor to lymph nodes.

Case presentation
A 27-year-old Latino male with history of human immunodeficiency virus presented with a 6-month history of left upper quadrant and epigastric abdominal pain with associated nausea and vomiting. The patient had a computed tomography scan showing a retroperitoneal mass encasing the aorta, celiac axis, and superior mesenteric artery. Core needle biopsy revealed ganglioneuroma. Owing to obstructive symptoms, resection of the mass along with partial gastric resection, partial pancreatic resection, and splenectomy was performed by a multidisciplinary group of surgeons. Pathology results revealed metastatic spread of ganglioneuroma to surrounding lymph nodes.

Conclusions
Ganglioneuromas are most common in children and very rarely occur in adults. However, it is still important to consider this entity in the differential for patients presenting with suspicious symptoms. While rare, it is essential to consider metastasis in this generally benign disease.
Personality trait by intelligence interaction effects on grades tend to be synergistic
Authors: Sorjonen Kimmo , Wallin Alma Sörberg , Falkstedt Daniel , Melin Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Earlier research has identified both synergistic and compensatory personality traits by intelligence interaction effects on academic performance.

Methods
The present study employed data on intelligence, personality traits, and academic performance in the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97, N = 8984).

Results
Some intelligence by personality trait interaction effects, mainly involving indicators of dependability, on high school grades were identified. The interaction effects tended to be synergistic, meaning that the association between the trait and grades tended to strengthen with increased intelligence. A positive association between intelligence and the reliability in the measurement of a dependability composite score accounted for a substantial portion of the synergistic dependability by intelligence interaction effect on academic performance.

Conclusions
Personality trait by intelligence interaction effects on academic performance tend to be synergistic and may, at least to some degree, be due to a positive association between intelligence and reliability in the measurement of personality traits.
Preparation of O/W nano-emulsion containing nettle and fenugreek extract and cumin essential oil for evaluating antidiabetic properties
Authors: Javadi Sara , Kazemi Negar Motakef , Halabian Raheleh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsion (NE) is expanded to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds. The NE can be prepared by herbal extract and essential oil as herbal medicines for antidiabetic treatment. In the present study, the O/W NE was prepared by fenugreek extract (FE), nettle extract (NE), and cumin essential oil (CEO) using tween 80 and span 80 surfactants in an ultrasonic bath, at room temperature within 18 min. The antidiabetic property was evaluated by determining glucose absorption using cultured rat L6 myoblast cell line (L6) myotubes and insulin secretion using the cultured mouse pancreatic beta-cell (RIN-5) for NEs. The samples were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to examine the size distribution and size, zeta potential for the charge determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate morphology and size. The rheological properties were studied by viscosity. The sample stability was evaluated at different temperatures and days by DLS and SEM analyses. The cytotoxicity of samples was explored by MTT assay for HEK293 human cell line as a specific cell line originally derived from human embryonic kidney cells at three different concentrations for three periods of time. The NEs with nanometer-size were observed with antidiabetic properties, low cytotoxicity, and suitable stability. This study provides definitive evidence for the NE as a plant medicine with antidiabetic properties. The NE can be a good candidate for biomedical applications.
Solvatofluorochromic Contrast with Supramolecular Stereoisomers Using Linked Rotaxane Structures to Investigate Local Solvation in Excited Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Systems
Authors: Shimada Sotaro , Miyagishi Hiromichi V , Masai Hiroshi , Masui Yoichi , Terao Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To optimize the photophysical properties of donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems, the elucidation of the excited state of each component (i.e., D, B, and A) plays a crucial role in controlling the forward and back electron transfer rates. However, the direct evaluation of solvation spheres and their rearrangement on the excited bridge is still challenging. In this work, we report a method that exploits a linked rotaxane structure to uncover the solvation effects on an excited bridge by leveraging solvatofluorochromic contrast. We synthesize a D-insB-A system, in which a diphenylacetylene-based bridging moiety is insulated by a covalently linked permethylated α-cyclodextrin (PM α-CD), as a structural isomer of the uninsulated counterpart (D-uninsB-A). In the D-insB-A system, PM α-CD selectively covers the bridge while the donor and acceptor remain exposed. In this way, a comparison of the fluorescence wavelengths of D-insB-A and D-uninsB-A can reveal the local solvation effects on the excited bridge moiety. The investigation of the fluorescence properties in various solvents highlights a weak solvent interaction with the excited bridge in protic solvents and strong one in chlorinated polar solvents. These results provide crucial insight into the properties of excited D-B-A systems from the perspective of external environments, including solvent interactions.
Development and Co-Validation of a Certified Reference Material (NMIJ CRM 7204-A) for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Seawater Sample
Authors: Zhu Yanbei , Narukawa Tomohiro , Miyashita Shin-ichi , Ariga Tomoko , Kudo Izumi , Koguchi Masae , Nonose Naoko , Baharom Norliza Binti , Lee Kyoung-Seok , Yim Yong-Hyeon , Wang Qian , Chao Jing-Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A certified reference material (CRM), i.e. NMIJ CRM 7204-a, was characterized for the analysis of 10 regulated trace elements in sample seawater, provided in 500 mL polyethylene bottles. Homogeneity and stability of the elements were investigated by inductively coupled plasma tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry after proper dilution, while mass-shift mode was applied to the measurement of trace elements except for Cd and Pb. A property value was obtained as the weighted mean of the results obtained by different methods with weights based on the reciprocal of the standard uncertainty. Combined uncertainty of a property value was obtained as the root mean square of the standard uncertainties of homogeneity, stability, analysis reproducibility, method-to-method variance, and calibrating standard. In NMIJ CRM 7204-a, the concentration of Cd is approximately 3 µg/kg, while those of other trace elements are around 10 µg/kg. Validity of the certified values was confirmed with analytical results of As and Cd by National Institute of Metrology (NIM, China) and those of Cd and Ni by Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS, Korea). The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, and Ca along with the density values at 15, 20, and 25 Celsius were provided as information values.
CO Oxidation Activity of Au on Spinel Titanate Supports: Improvement of Catalytic Activity via Alkali Cation Substitution from Li4Ti5O12 to Na3LiTi5O12
Authors: Tada Kohei , Kitta Mitsunori , Tanaka Shingo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, density functional theory calculations determined that the formation of O vacancies in spinel-type titanium oxide is affected by the alkali metal cation occupying the 8a-site. This result indicates that substitution of the 8a-site cation, such as Li+→Na+, should improve catalytic oxidation activity. Experimental results confirmed that Au supported on sodium titanate (Na3LiTi5O12) showed improved catalytic CO oxidation activity compared to Au supported on lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12).
Irradiation with UV Light Accelerates the Migita–Kosugi–Stille Coupling Reaction in Air
Authors: Ishikawa Takumi , Murata Mako , Masai Hiroshi , Iwai Tomohiro , Terao Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Migita–Kosugi–Stille coupling reaction is a powerful method for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds but often requires high temperatures that are not tolerated by all substrates. Herein, we report that irradiation with UV light accelerates this coupling reaction at room temperature in air in the presence of the commercially available PdCl2(PPh3)2 catalyst. This UV-light-assisted coupling reaction requires the presence of molecular oxygen, with mechanistic studies revealing that singlet oxygen is most likely involved in the reaction.
A qualitative exploration of mixed feeding intentions in first-time mothers
Authors: Burton Amy , Taylor Jennifer , Swain Sophie , Heyes Joanna , Cust Fiona , Dean Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Background Breastfeeding intention can predict breastfeeding behaviour and is influenced by theory of planned behaviour constructs. Despite associations with reduced breastfeeding duration, there is a lack of research to explore the intention to mixed feed infants. Aims This study aimed to explore the factors that influence pregnant women's intentions to mixed feed their first child. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four women pregnant with their first child who intended to mixed feed. An in-depth idiographic multiple case study approach grounded in a ‘subtle realist’ epistemology was used. Results The interviews highlighted the importance of flexibility in feeding decisions, a perception of breastfeeding as restrictive and obstructive to normality and the presence of misinformation and unrealistic expectations about breastfeeding. Conclusions Women need to be informed and supported by professionals, peers, families and broader communities. Cultural narratives must be challenged to enable mothers to feel in control of feeding decisions and without the need to justify feeding activities to protect themselves from anticipated negative emotions.