bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1522Health Literacy and Public Awareness and Its Effect on COVID-19 Prevention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Akhilesh Vikram , Balachandran Parvathy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Considering the current COVID-19 pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to estimate the role of health awareness, severity of disease impact on coronavirus patients and follow the approved disease preventive practices to improve the quality of health. This study aims to provide a systematic literature review on the health literacy awareness among the general population about SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on COVID-19 prevention.

Methods
We performed an extensive literature search on health literacy among public related to COVID-19. Relevant articles from PubMed and Cochrane databases were extracted and evaluated by applying appropriate key search terms to obtain the information published from January 2020 to April 2021. We included data based on observational and questionnaire-based studies and gathered information on participant's characteristics, health literacy and awareness, fear of COVID-19, and health-related behaviours.

Results
The most eligible studies were identified from the available literature (N = 39) searched through using appropriate key terms. The literature analysis showed that social media and interacting personally with a community of friends are the primary sources that spread pandemic information related COVID-19 pandemic and its severity.

Conclusion
Globally, social media is a major platform for disseminating and promoting health literacy about COVID-19 among the general population. It is suggestable to bring a more robust approach for a larger population who have educational disparity for better prevention of this communicable disease.

Key Message
A rapid health awareness among the general public unaware of the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic is imperative and also to encourage COVID appropriate behaviors for better control of COVID-19.
708Incidence of congenital anomalies in children born after assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sipek Antonin , Gregor Vladimir , Klaschka Jan , Maly Marek , Sipek Antonin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The number of children conceived by assisted reproduction techniques (ART) is increasing in the Czech Republic. However, several studies reported increased incidence of congenital anomalies in ART conceived children. The main goal of this study was to evaluate this theoretical risk using population-based data from Czech medial registries.

Methods
The retrospective epidemiological analysis was performed using data from the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies and National Registry of Newborns, run by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. All diagnoses of congenital anomalies (Q00-Q99) were included. We compared the incidences of congenital anomalies in naturally conceived children and ART conceived children born in the Czech Republic during 5 years period (2013-2017). Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test.

Results
During the selected period there were 547 675 children born in the Czech Republic (531 064 were naturally conceived children and 16 611 were ART conceived children). The incidence of congenital anomalies was 3.90% in naturally conceived children group and 4.35% in ART conceived children. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.003).

Conclusions
In our population-based study, we confirmed a significantly higher general incidence of congenital anomalies in ART conceived children.

Key messages
The general incidence of congenital anomalies in ART conceived children is higher (compared to the incidence of congenital anomalies in naturally conceived children). Possible causes of this phenomenon shall be further analysed.
282Social isolation and incident coronary heart disease in two large UK prospective studies
Authors: Smith Robert , Barnes Isobel , Green Jane , Reeves Gillian , Beral Valerie , Floud Sarah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Social isolation is associated with CHD mortality but evidence of association with incident CHD is mixed. We prospectively examined this association in the Million Women Study (MWS) and UK Biobank (UKB).

Methods
481,946 MWS and 456,612 UKB participants reported on social isolation (living alone, little contact with family/friends/groups). Excluding those reporting previous CHD or stroke, participants were followed for incident CHD using linkage to hospital admission and death records. Cox regression yielded relative risks (RR) by 3 levels of social isolation, adjusted for relevant confounders.

Results
During 7 years follow-up in the MWS and UKB, there were 42,402 first coronary heart disease events in total (of which 1,834 were fatal without an associated hospital admission). After adjustment, social isolation was not associated with hospital admission for first CHD events (combined RR for both studies: RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.98–1.04). However, the risk of fatal first CHD events without an associated hospital admission was substantially higher in the most isolated group than the least isolated group (1.86 [1.63–2.12]) This association with fatal first CHD events was driven by the association with living alone.

Conclusions
Social isolation was not associated with increased risk of first CHD hospital admissions but was associated with increased risk of death from CHD.

Key messages
Social isolation is likely not a risk factor for developing CHD, but people living alone may be at greater risk of dying from a coronary event than those not living alone.
436Food addiction, mental health and substance-use during a transition period: Data from 6,700 Australian 12/13-year-olds
Authors: Smout Scarlett , Gardner Lauren , Newton Nicola , Champion Katrina , Chapman Cath , Slade Tim , Sunderland Matthew , Thornton Louise , Kay-Lambkin Frances , Teesson Maree 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Early adolescence is a challenging transition period where mental ill-health and experimentation with alcohol and tobacco often increases. Some foods and eating behaviours can be addictive in a way that is comparable to addictive substances. Few studies have examined the prevalence of food addiction in young people, and none have measured it with mental ill-health and substance-use.

Methods
6,700 Year 7 students across NSW, WA and QLD completed the baseline questionnaire for “Health4Life” (Mage=12.7±0.5, 49%F). The prevalence of, and associations between, food addiction (YFAS-C), anxiety (PROMIS-A), depression (PHQ-A), psychological distress (K6), discretionary food/drink intake (SPANS) and alcohol and tobacco use were examined.

Results
Respondents who met diagnostic criteria for food addiction (5.2%, n = 272) were significantly more likely to screen positively for anxiety (X23=315.4, P &lt; 0.001), probable major depression (X21=299.9, P &lt; 0.001) and psychological distress at levels of serious mental illness (X21=238.885, P &lt; 0.001). They were also significantly more likely to have consumed a full standard drink and smoked tobacco in the past 6-months (X21=53.8, P &lt; 0.001 and X21=29.7, P &lt; 0.001, respectively) and to consume high amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages (X21=15.2, P &lt; 0.001), discretionary foods (X22=26.4, P &lt; 0.001) and energy drinks (X25=28.4, P &lt; 0.001). Relative risks ranged 1.29-4.35.

Conclusions
Findings suggest a strong link between food addiction, substance use, discretionary food and drink consumption and mental ill-health in early adolescence. Further analysis will model multivariable relationships whilst controlling for affluence, BMI and gender.

Key messages
Links between food addiction, substance use and mental ill-health are found in the largest sample of adolescents screened for these variables worldwide.
1175Work stress and loss of years lived without chronic disease; an 18-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Sørensen Jeppe K. , Framke Elisabeth , Pedersen Jacob , Alexanderson Kristina , Bonde Jens P. , Farrants Kristin , Flachs Esben M. , Magnusson Hanson Linda L. , Nyborg Solja T. , Kivimäki Mika , Rugulies Reiner 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Aim: To examine the association of work stress with future chronic disease incidence and loss of chronic disease-free life years in the Danish workforce.

Method
A population-based prospective register-based cohort study of all employees aged 30-59 in 2000 in Denmark, without chronic diseases at baseline (n = 1,592,491). Using job exposure matrices, we assessed exposure to work stress by a combined measure of job strain and effort-reward imbalance. We estimated the risk of incident hospital-diagnosed chronic disease or death (i.e., type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and dementia) during 18 years of follow-up and corresponding chronic disease-free life expectancy.

Results
Individuals working in occupations with high risk of both job strain and effort-reward imbalance had a slightly higher risk of future incident chronic disease compared to those in occupations with low risk of both stressors. The hazard ratio was 1.04 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.05) in women and 1.12 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.14) in men. The corresponding loss in chronic disease-free life expectancy was 0.25 years in women and 0.84 years in men.

Conclusion
Working in occupations with a high risk of work stress was associated with a small loss of years lived without chronic disease compared to working in occupations with low risk of work stress.

Key messages
According to our findings, employees in occupations with high risk of work stress live slightly shorter lives free of chronic diseases compared to employees in occupations with low risk of work stress.
843Hepatitis C in South Australia and Northern Territory: a population-based linkage study
Authors: Stephens Jacqueline , Bradley Clare , Elliott Salenna , Dore Gregory , Grebely Jason , Alavi Maryam , Kennedy Brendan , Tong Steven , Ward James 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In Australia, the notification rate for hepatitis C is five times greater among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples than nonIndigenous populations. Infection with Hepatitis C virus is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and health-related costs. However simple, tolerable and short-duration HCV therapies with extremely high efficacy are available.

Methods
Overall, this project aims to identify inequities in hepatitis C healthcare for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples across South Australia (SA) and Northern Territory (NT). By using 19 routinely collected health administration datasets, we will evaluate hepatitis C diagnoses, treatment uptake, and treatment outcomes, with focus on identifying patterns in healthcare access among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in SA since 1992 or in NT since 1999 using probabilistic data linkage methodology in a secured online environment.

Results
The study population includes all hepatitis C notifications recorded in SA and NT, totaling more than 25,000 cases. Preliminary findings will be reported including incidence of hospitalisation, mortality, and morbidity by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status.

Conclusions
Now that highly effective direct acting anti-viral treatments are available, it is crucial to ensure key affected populations, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, have access to these novel biomedical approaches.

Key messages
This project is of national importance to address hepatitis C related morbidity and mortality in Australia, particularly among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Findings will underpin future policy to reduce the burden of hepatitis C across SA and NT populations.
516Association of dietary diversity with all-cause mortality by body mass index in Japanese older adults
Authors: Takabayashi Saeka , Hirata Takumi , Zhao Wenjing , Kimura Takashi , Ukawa Shigekazu , Tsushita Kazuyo , Wakai Kenji , Kawamura Takashi , Ando Masahiko , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Dietary diversity is thought to reduce risk of malnutrition although it is also linked to obesity. We examined whether dietary diversity is associated with all-cause mortality in Japanese elderly by body mass index (BMI).

Methods
The current study included 2,944 people aged 64-65 years who participated in the NISSIN project in 1996-2005. Dietary diversity was measured by the Food Variety Score (FVS) which calculates frequency of all food items consumed daily using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Participants were divided into tertiles according to their FVS (1st: low, 2nd: middle, 3rd: high). Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. In stratified analysis, BMI was used to divide the participants into 3 groups: lean (BMI &lt;20), normal (BMI 20–24.9), and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25).

Results
Overall, 454 (30.7%) men and 222 (15.2%) women died over the median follow-up period of 16.6 years. No significant association between FVS and all-cause mortality was observed overall. However, when grouped by BMI, in the lean, multivariate adjusted HRs were 0.32 (CI: 0.17-0.59) in the middle FVS and 0.41 (CI: 0.19 -0.91) in the high FVS, compared with the low FVS. No significant association was found for normal and overweight/obese.

Conclusions
These findings indicate dietary diversity should be promoted for lean older adults.

Key messages
BMI should be considered when promoting dietary diversity.
748Misclassification of interpregnancy interval attributable to miscarriages/induced abortions: quantifying its impact on preterm births
Authors: Tessema Gizachew , Håberg Siri E , Pereira Gavin , Magnus Maria C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
A paucity of studies explored how intervening pregnancy events (miscarriages and induced abortions) contribute to interpregnancy interval (IPI) misclassification and whether this misclassification translates into bias in the estimated effect of IPI on adverse birth outcomes.

Methods
We included identified three national registries (Birth Register, the General Practitioner, and Patient Register) to obtain information on registered pregnancies (n = 167,012), with at least two consecutive pregnancies per mother, occurring between 2008 and 2016 in Norway. We computed two IPIs, one that accounted only two consecutive pregnancies ending after 20 weeks of gestation (standard IPI definition) and the other that accounted two consecutive pregnancies with various outcomes including miscarriages/induced abortions (corrected IPI definition). We independently assessed the association between the two IPIs and preterm births (PTB). Log binomial regression analysis was conducted. Relative risks (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated.

Results
In the study, 4.7% of births were PTB. While 11.7% of pregnancies occurred &lt;6 months in the corrected IPI definition, the proportion reduced to 4.4% in the standard IPI definition, with over 60% of IPIs were misclassified. After adjusting for confounders, there was a modest overestimation of risk of PTB for pregnancies following short IPI (&lt;6 months) (RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.60-1.95) for the standard IPI definition as compared to the risk of PTB (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.41-1.65) following short IPI in the corrected IPI definition.

Conclusions
There was a significant misclassification bias associated with miscarriages/induced abortions which should not be ignored when assessing the effect of IPI on PTB.
1191Endogenous hormones and risk of invasive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women
Authors: Tin Sandar Tin , Reeves Gillian K , Key Timothy J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Some endogenous hormones have been associated with breast cancer risk, but the nature of these relationships is not fully understood. We investigated the associations between serum concentrations of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and oestradiol (pre-menopausal women only) and the risk of invasive breast cancer using data from UK Biobank.

Methods
We included 30,565 pre-menopausal and 133,294 post-menopausal women in this analysis. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum collected between 2006 and 2010, and incident cancer cases were identified through linkage to cancer and death registries. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used, and hazard ratios (HRs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat measures collected in about 5,000 women four years after recruitment (except for oestradiol).

Results
During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 527 pre-menopausal and 2,997 post-menopausal women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Cancer risk was positively associated with testosterone in post-menopausal women (HR per 0.5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23) but not in premenopausal women (pheterogeneity=0.03), and with IGF-1 (HR per 5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 1.02, 1.35 (pre-menopausal) and 1.07; 1.01, 1.12 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity=0.2), and inversely associated with SHBG (HR per 30 nmol/L increment: 0.96; 0.79, 1.15 (pre-menopausal) and 0.89; 0.84, 0.94 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity=0.4). Oestradiol was not associated with risk, but there were study limitations for this hormone.

Conclusions
This study confirms associations of testosterone, IGF-1 and SHBG with breast cancer risk, with heterogeneity by menopausal status for testosterone.

Key messages
Breast cancer risk was positively associated with testosterone and inversely associated with SHBG in post-menopausal women, and positively associated with IGF-1 in both pre- and post-menopausal women.
631Benefits of not smoking during pregnancy for Aboriginal women and their babies
Authors: Torvaldsen Siranda , Ibiebele Ibinabo , Ford Jane , Randall Deborah , Morris Jonathan , Meharg David , Mitchell Jo , Milat Andrew , Torvaldsen Siranda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
To provide evidence for targeted smoking cessation policy, the aim of this study was to compare pregnancy outcomes of Aboriginal mothers who reported not smoking during pregnancy with those who reported smoking.

Methods
This population-based retrospective cohort study used linked data from routinely collected datasets. Not smoking during pregnancy was the exposure of interest among all New South Wales Aboriginal women who became mothers of singleton babies in 2010–2014. Unadjusted and adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95%CIs from modified Poisson regression were used to examine associations between not smoking during pregnancy and maternal and perinatal outcomes including severe morbidity, inter-hospital transfer, perinatal death, preterm birth and small-for-gestational age. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated using adjusted relative risks.

Results
Compared with babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy, babies born to non-smoking mothers had a lower risk of all adverse perinatal outcomes including perinatal death (aRR=0.58, 95%CI 0.44–0.76), preterm birth (aRR=0.58, 95%CI 0.53–0.64) and small-for-gestational age (aRR=0.35, 95%CI 0.32–0.39). PAFs(%) were 27% for perinatal death, 26% for preterm birth and 48% for small-for-gestational-age. Compared with women who smoked during pregnancy (n = 8,919), those who did not smoke (n = 9,235) had a lower risk of being transferred to another hospital (aRR=0.76, 95%CI 0.66–0.89).

Conclusions
Babies born to women who did not smoke had much lower risks of all adverse perinatal outcomes.

Key messages
Between a quarter and a half of adverse perinatal outcomes in this population could potentially be prevented by an effective smoking cessation program.
1303Sexually transmitted infections: Risk indicator among people who inject drugs treated on methadone in Myanmar?
Authors: Tun Sun , Vicknasingam B , Singh Darshan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
HIV can be transmitted through the sexual route. This study explores the association of sexually transmitted infections (STI) with other infections, risky and illicit drug-use behaviour among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) treated on methadone.

Method
A total of 210 respondents from five cities across Myanmar were recruited through stratified random sampling for this cross-sectional study. Respondents were screened for illicit drug use.

Results
A lifetime history of STI was reported at 21.5% (n = 45/209) and 3% reported recent STI. More than half (53%, n = 104/197) used a condom with their sexual partners at last sex. Respondents with STI history was associated with a longer methadone treatment duration, HIV infection, Hepatitis B, tuberculosis (TB) treatment history, heroin and benzodiazepine use, those who tested negative for cannabis (THC) use (p &lt; 0.05). However, STI is not significantly associated with ATS use and incarceration history.
Stepwise logistic regression showed respondents with longer methadone treatment duration, HIV infection, Hepatitis B infection and TB treated history had higher odds of being infected with STI (p &lt; 0.05). Those who had STI in the last year had hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and shared their needle and syringe in the last 30 days (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Proper interventions are needed to curb STI transmissions among PWIDs treated on methadone and those who continue to engage in risky HIV behaviours.

Key message
Addressing preventive and treatment measures are also crucial for STI and other associated infections among PWIDs.
1306Methadone dose affects service satisfaction of HIV infected PWIDs treated on methadone in Myanmar
Authors: Tun Sun , Vicknasingam B. , Singh Darshan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Myanmar was 34.9%. This analysis identifies how methadone dose affects treatment satisfaction of HIV patients.

Method
A total of 210 patients on methadone at least 6 months were recruited from five cities using stratified random sampling in Myanmar. Verona Service Satisfaction Scale for Methadone-Treatment (VSSS-MT) was administered to identify service satisfaction and urine samples were collected for identification of illicit drugs.

Results
More than one-third (36.5%, n = 76) received high-dose (above 80mg/day), while the rest 63.5% received low-dose (less than 80mg/day). Almost half, 47% reported hepatitis C, 37% had reported HIV, and 16% had HIV and HCV. Among HIV cases, 68 (92%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Myanmar’s (ART) regimen: tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz accounted for 86% which need a methadone dose adjustment. The majority, 89% were satisfied with the current methadone service. Specifically, 89.5% for professional skills, 91.9% satisfied for basic intervention and 74.6% satisfied for specific intervention (e.g. individual rehabilitation and psychotherapy) categories. Treatment satisfaction was estimated 2-times higher among HIV negative compared to HIV positive patients after adjusted dosage (IRR=0.49, p = 0.000).

Conclusion
Significant dose adjustment is required for ART with Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs). High dose adjustment is important for methadone patients on antiretroviral therapy with enzyme inducers.

Key message
Estimated treatment satisfaction varies with infection status after adjusting for dose. Continuous treatment assessments are vital for HIV/HCV co-infections for effective service delivery.