bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased asymmetry of pit‐over‐peak statistics with landscape smoothing
Authors: Anand Shashank Kumar , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe local extremes (i.e., peaks and pits) of the landscape‐elevation field play a critical role in the energy, water, and nutrient distribution of a region, but their statistical distributions in relation to landscape evolution have received limited research attention. In this work, we first explain how the spatial correlation structure of the elevation field affects the counts and frequency distributions of local extremes. We then analyze local extremes statistics for eight mountainous landscapes worldwide with diverse hydroclimatic forcings and geologic histories using 24 digital elevation models and compare them with complex terrain of the Erythraeum Chaos region on Mars. The results reveal that the spherical covariance structure captures the observed spatial correlation in these cases, with the peak frequency distribution agreeing well with the elevation frequency distribution. The ratio of the pit‐over‐peak (POP) count is linked to the degree to which the pit and peak frequency distributions match, and carries the mark of landscape aging. The relationship between the geomorphic development stage (quantified by the reduced fatness of the slope‐distribution tail) and the deviation of POP values from unity in old mountainous landscapes confirms that the evolution towards smoother topographies is atypically accompanied by reduced pit counts distinctive of organized valley and ridge patterns.
The Crisis in Standards of Care
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince the start of the Covid‐19 pandemic, debates have waged about “crisis standards of care” (“CSC”)—the guidelines for the allocation of resources if those resources are too scarce to meet the needs of all patients. The Hastings Center Report's September‐October 2021 issue features a collection of pieces on this debate. In the lead article, MaryKatherine Gaurke and colleagues object to the idea that the allocation of scarce resources should aim to save the most “life‐years,” arguing instead that the objective should be to save the most lives. Gaurke et al. assert that it is only theorists who have favored the life‐years strategy; the public has not—or at least, there is no good evidence that the public has. This claim is elaborated in the article by Alex Rajczi and colleagues, who argue that identifying and applying the public's will—a process they call “political reasoning”—is the core work in developing CSC. Five commentaries—two coauthored, by Douglas B. White and Bernardo Lo and by Anuj B. Mehta and Matthew K. Wynia, and three solo authored, by Govind Persad, Virginia A. Brown, and Robert D. Truog—offer further arguments about and insights into CSC.
Lessons from Biomedical Innovation during World War II
Authors: Cook‐Deegan Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe United States developed penicillin and vaccines during World War II. The partnership of government, industry, and academe was crucial. In an essay, Vannevar Bush credited that partnership with the technological achievements that led to winning the war. The policies used to address the Covid‐19 pandemic closely resemble how penicillin was developed, and similarly produced spectacular success in the form of RNA‐based vaccines. But will today's politics of hyperpartisan vitriol and credit‐mongering that pit industry against government and academe prevent carrying that success into the postpandemic era?
Crisis Standards of Care—More Than Just a Thought Experiment?
Authors: Mehta Anuj B. , Wynia Matthew K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs described in two articles in the September‐October 2021 issue of the Hastings Center Report, most crisis standards of care (CSC) plans include triage algorithms to guide the allocation of critical care resources to some patients and not others under conditions of extreme scarcity. The plans also include other important CSC strategies, but it is the notion of rationing scarce resources via triage that especially captured the imaginations of ethicists. Vigorous arguments have arisen over whether triage algorithms should be designed to prioritize patients based on predictions of short‐, near‐, or long‐term survival. Additionally, there are ongoing debates about the ability of current algorithms to estimate patient survival accurately enough to be useful in triage and about the role of values like equity in triage protocols. Relatively few debates have noted, however, that while the development of CSC triage protocols has been based in medicine, public health, and ethics, the activation of CSC plans remains a political decision.
Harmonising insolvency law in the EU: New thoughts on old ideas in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ghio Emilie , Boon Gert‐Jan , Ehmke David , Gant Jennifer , Langkjaer Line , Vaccari Eugenio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile the harmonisation of insolvency law in the European Union (EU) has been a top priority on the European institutions' agenda in the last decade, it is well known that this endeavour has been slow and has often met resistance from the Member States. The COVID‐19 pandemic revealed that top‐down harmonisation of insolvency (i.e., introduced at EU level) has been temporarily halted. The urgency to control or mitigate the economically and financially destructive effects of the pandemic has, nevertheless, forced European governments to adopt domestic strategies and laws in the area of insolvency. Interestingly, however, such measures show that insolvency and restructuring law responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic, albeit largely uncoordinated, reflect a phenomenon of bottom‐up harmonisation (i.e., introduced by Member States) indicating a convergence towards common approaches. This paper interrogates the insolvency law responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic in six European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom). It uncovers the inadequacy of the EU's harmonisation language, and the limits of harmonisation strategies in insolvency and restructuring law. Finally, it promotes the formulation of a wider‐encompassing definition of “legal harmonisation”.
Our way of being: Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health workforce development in Tennessee
Authors: Morelen Diana , Friday Keena , Otwell‐Dove Rebecca , Paradis Nichole , Webster Angela , Moser Michele , Peak Allison 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe optimal relational experiences of infants and young children demand a cross‐sector workforce informed by Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health (IECMH) principles and practices. A recent review by the Alliance for the Advancement of Infant Mental Health, Inc identified seven themes that help define “What makes an IECMH association strong?”: (1) Identity, (2) Cross‐Systems Collaborations, (3) Sound Organizational Structure, (4) Competency‐Informed Training, (5) Reflective Supervision Capacity, (6) Policy, and (7) Higher Education. The present paper documents the story of the Association of Infant Mental Health in Tennessee (AIMHiTN) and the role of the Endorsement for Culturally Sensitive, Relationship‐Focused Practice Promoting IECMH in that growth across those seven themes with the additional themes of (8) Funding and, (9) Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging. First, foundational literature is reviewed to summarize IECMH‐informed workforce development. Next, AIMHiTN's story of workforce development is mapped onto the nine themes and challenges and lessons learned are summarized. The article aims to serve as a roadmap for other states, provinces, territories, or nations hoping to develop their own Association for Infant Mental Health (AIMH) as well as a guide for those with existing AIMHs for promoting continued growth and sustainability.
Evaluation of fungal contamination and ochratoxin A detection in different types of coffee by HPLC‐based method
Authors: Pakshir Keyvan , Dehghani Andishe , Nouraei Hasti , Zareshahrabadi Zahra , Zomorodian Kamiar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are produced by some toxigenic fungi on foodstuffs which are poisoning and potentiate for human's health hazards. In coffee samples, ochratoxin A and fungal contamination were examined.MethodsImmunoaffinity columns were used for treating of all 50 samples from four types of coffee, after that high‐performance liquid chromatography was used for determining the amount of ochratoxin. For the identification of fungi, all coffee samples were cultured in appropriated media.ResultsThe results showed that all samples were contaminated by ochratoxin A but only up to 50% of them had toxins higher than acceptable level as detected in black beans (47%), green beans (33.3%), torch (33.3%), and espresso (25%). Black coffee had a higher mean concentration of ochratoxin A than green coffee.ConclusionPredominant fungi isolated from coffee samples were Aspergillus species. Finally, careful monitoring of mycotoxins in coffee samples is essential to improve the quality of this favorable beverage in future.
Prolonged SARS‐Cov‐2 shedding with rapid IgG antibody decay in a COVID‐19 patient: A case report
Authors: Huang Jinbao , Lan Changqing , Wang Xinhang , Huang Mingxiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic is still spreading rapidly around the world. Recent cases with prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA detection have been successively reported, and the phenomenon of false‐negative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA or “repositive” was also described in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsWe report a 69‐year‐old female patient with hypertension, suspected lung tumor, and previous history of total hysterectomy for hysteromyoma who presented with moderate COVID‐19 symptoms and was positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA by RT‐PCR when she traveled from the USA to China.ResultsThe patient required second and third re‐hospitalizations due to “repositive” SARS‐CoV‐2 throat swab test results during post‐charge solitary isolation and observation, and serum SARS‐CoV‐2‐IgG decayed rapidly before disappearing on illness Day 139 when the throat swab was still positive. The virus shedding lasted for at least 146 days (the last positive throat swab test result was on illness Day 146, and the first true‐negative test result was on illness Day 151) since her initial positive test.ConclusionProlonged SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA viral shedding is prone to occur in an immunocompromised host, wherein changes in the host immune status can lead to repeated positive SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. Moreover, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐IgG may decrease rapidly and disappear before virus removal, indicating there may be certain limitations on the protective effect of the SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody, which deserves clinical attention.
Retracted: Structural measures to prevent radicalism among youth
Authors: Mukhitov Orynbassar M. , Shaukenova Zarema K. , Kabul Oralbay K. , Yeshniyazova Ainur Ch. , Baigabylov Nurlan O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtremism has an antilegal nature, that is, it denies consensus ways of solving social problems, giving preference to violent methods and methods of achieving various goals, in particular political ones. The spread of radical, intolerant leadership among young people and attempts to involve young people in extremist activities are especially dangerous. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the socio‐psychological characteristics inherent in a young person, his superficial and uncritical perception of social life, determine his appeal to protest‐activist methods of increasing his social status and role in public life, which are mostly spontaneous, spontaneous. The authors show that the affective, heightened emotional reactions of young people to social events are based not only on the intrapersonal but also on the irrational element. The propensity for extremist forms of political participation is determined both by the individual psychological characteristics of a young person and by the social conditions of his existence. The latter is based on a complex set of interrelated socioeconomic problems, socio‐political contradictions, socio‐cultural, and spiritual‐ideological factors. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of preventing unlawful acts by young people and reducing the manifestation of extremist sentiments in society as a whole.
Outcomes of VDPACE with an immunomodulatory agent as a salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease
Authors: Abdallah Al‐Ola , Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Ahmed Nausheen , Mohan Meera , Cui Wei , Shune Leyla , Mahmoudjafari Zahra , McGuirk Joseph , Ganguly Siddhartha , Atrash Shebli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtramedullary disease (EMD) is an aggressive form of multiple myeloma (MM). Confirming the presence of plasma cells outside the bone marrow makes the diagnosis of EMD. There is no clear consensus on the management of EMD in MM, and this entity continues to remain an unmet need. Rapidly controlling EMD to prevent end‐organ damage is a priority. Retrospectively, we reviewed our database for patients with EMD that received treatment with bortezomib, dexamethasone, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide (VDPACE) plus an immune modulator (IMiD) regimen. We identified 21 patients with a median age of 61 years. Ten patients received a VDPACE based regimen as a bridge to autologus stem cell transplant (ASCT). After a median follow‐up of 51.4 months, the median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival were 14.9 months (95% CI: 7.8‐NA) and 5.5 months (95% CI: 3.9‐NA), respectively. The overall response rate was 76%, with a manageable safety profile. Interestingly, these results were similar regardless of the presence of high‐risk cytogenetics. The safety profile was acceptable. In conclusion, a salvage VDPACE‐based regimen plus an IMiD remains an effective and safe bridging therapy to future ASCT and immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with EMD.
Palmitoylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein is critical for S‐mediated syncytia formation and virus entry
Authors: Li Daoqun , Liu Yihan , Lu Yue , Gao Shan , Zhang Leiliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The S protein is the key viral protein for associating with ACE2, the receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2. There are many kinds of posttranslational modifications in S protein. However, the detailed mechanism of palmitoylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 S remains to be elucidated. In our current study, we characterized the palmitoylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 S. Both the C15 and cytoplasmic tail of SARS‐CoV‐2 S were palmitoylated. Fatty acid synthase inhibitor C75 and zinc finger DHHC domain‐containing palmitoyltransferase (ZDHHC) inhibitor 2‐BP reduced the palmitoylation of S. Interestingly, palmitoylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 S was not required for plasma membrane targeting of S but was critical for S‐mediated syncytia formation and SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus particle entry. Overexpression of ZDHHC2, ZDHHC3, ZDHHC4, ZDHHC5, ZDHHC8, ZDHHC9, ZDHHC11, ZDHHC14, ZDHHC16, ZDHHC19, and ZDHHC20 promoted the palmitoylation of S. Furthermore, those ZDHHCs were identified to associate with SARS‐CoV‐2 S. Our study not only reveals the mechanism of S palmitoylation but also will shed important light into the role of S palmitoylation in syncytia formation and virus entry.
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in 2017–2019 in Tianjin, China
Authors: Fang Yulian , Zhang Yanzhi , Wang Hong , Shi Ouyan , Wang Wei , Hou Mengzhu , Wang Lu , Wu Jinying , Zhao Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNorovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Globally, the GII.4 Sydney 2012 strain has predominated since 2012, although GII.4 variant strains have caused AGE outbreaks in China. Recent patterns of NoV genotype distributions in 6011 children with AGE in Tianjin, China were investigated. NoV was detected using real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of partial sequences of the viral capsid gene. NoV genotypes were determined, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. Epidemiological and clinical data were compared between children infected with different NoV genotypes. NoV was detected in 27.6% of the specimens tested. GII.4 strains comprised 49.4% infections, followed by GII.3 at 39.9%. Genotypes GII.2, GII.13, GII.17, GII.1, GII.6, and GII.14 were also detected. NoV was detected during most of the year, with a peak season of cases in the winter. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and dehydration were present in patients with NoV infection. The main genotypes were GII.4 and GII.3, with a slight increase in GII.2, beginning in March 2017. Among the GII.4 strains, GII.4 Sydney 2012 was the only epidemic strain in Tianjin. Patients with GII.4 genotypes were more likely to present with diarrhea and vomiting than those with GII.3. Children with GII. Others were prone to suffered from dehydration and abdominal pain than those with GII.3. NoV GII has become the main cause of viral AGE in Tianjin, China. The predominant genotypes of NoV were GII.4 and GII.3. Identification of emerging genotypes is crucial for the prevention and control of NoV‐caused AGE.
Application of omics technology to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Yan Yunzheng , Zhong Wu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs of August 27, 2021, the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has spread to over 220 countries, areas, and territories. Thus far, 214,468,601 confirmed cases, including 4,470,969 deaths, have been reported to the World Health Organization. To combat the COVID‐19 pandemic, multiomics‐based strategies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been used to study the diagnosis methods, pathogenesis, prognosis, and potential drug targets of COVID‐19. In order to help researchers and clinicians to keep up with the knowledge of COVID‐19, we summarized the most recent progresses reported in omics‐based research papers. This review discusses omics‐based approaches for studying COVID‐19, summarizing newly emerged SARS‐CoV‐2 variants as well as potential diagnostic methods, risk factors, and pathological features of COVID‐19. This review can help researchers and clinicians gain insight into COVID‐19 features, providing direction for future drug development and guidance for clinical treatment, so that patients can receive appropriate treatment as soon as possible to reduce the risk of disease progression.
Evaluation of a medication optimization intervention and predictors of medication adherence, patient satisfaction and medication adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Salt Elizabeth , Wiggins Amanda T. , Harrington Nancy Grant , Rayens Mary Kay , Lohr Kristine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is dependent on medication use, medication optimization is critically important. Medication adherence, patient satisfaction with care and medication adverse events are core concepts of medication optimization that are either a significant problem and/or understudied in patients with RA.ObjectiveTo (1) evaluate treatment effects from a medication optimization intervention; (2) assess treatment differences and changes over time in medication adherence, patient satisfaction, and medication adverse events; and (3) to determine whether age, gender, provider trust, and disease activity affect these outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, longitudinal intervention study (N = 143 RA patients) using repeated measures models.ResultsWe did not identify significant intervention effects. For both the medication adherence and patient satisfaction models, the significant predictors in the model included age, gender and trust in provider. Older age, female gender (relative to male), and greater trust in the provider were associated with increased medication adherence scores and patient satisfaction. For the adverse events model, the only significant predictor in the model was gender. Compared with males, females were more likely to report experiencing adverse events. Time was significantly associated with decreased experiences of adverse events.ConclusionThis study has identified important predictors of medication adherence, patient satisfaction and medication adverse events in a sample of patients with RA which can facilitate targeted approaches to improve adherence in those high‐risk groups.
Reducing Invasive Species Transport among Recreational Anglers: The Importance of Values and Risk Perceptions
Authors: Golebie Elizabeth , Riper Carena J. , Suski Cory , Stedman Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The behavioral patterns of recreational anglers are an increasingly common focus of fishery management agencies, particularly due to the unintentional spread of aquatic invasive species. Previous research in this area has focused on understanding stakeholder awareness, use patterns, and beliefs. Although informative, these drivers of behavior are easily shifted by new information and are thus potentially less influential for encouraging long-term behavior change. There is a pressing need to account for the effects of human values in management of aquatic invasive species because values are a fundamental driver of behavior that changes slowly over time and represents a core basis for angler decision making. Therefore, this study assessed the relationships among values, risk perceptions, and reported aquatic invasive species prevention behavior to inform management decisions aimed at minimizing angler transport of aquatic invasive species. We generated a data set from a mixed-mode survey of license-holding recreational anglers from counties adjacent to the Great Lakes in three U.S. states (n = 788). Results from a structural equation model revealed that biospheric values positively predicted social and personal risk perceptions. Personal risk perceptions in turn positively predicted private and public dimensions of reported behaviors related to reducing the spread of aquatic invasive species. Efforts to reduce the spread of aquatic invasive species within the study context would be best served by emphasizing the personal impacts rather than broader social and ecological consequences from biological invasions. Agencies should also shift their attention to thinking about the role of values in explaining how people process and respond to environmental threats and degradation from aquatic invasive species.