bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise-robust classification of single-shot electron spin readouts using a deep neural network
Authors: Matsumoto Yuta , Fujita Takafumi , Ludwig Arne , Wieck Andreas D. , Komatani Kazunori , Oiwa Akira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSingle-shot readout of charge and spin states by charge sensors such as quantum point contacts and quantum dots are essential technologies for the operation of semiconductor spin qubits. The fidelity of the single-shot readout depends both on experimental conditions such as signal-to-noise ratio, system temperature, and numerical parameters such as threshold values. Accurate charge sensing schemes that are robust under noisy environments are indispensable for developing a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation architecture. In this study, we present a novel single-shot readout classification method that is robust to noises using a deep neural network (DNN). Importantly, the DNN classifier is automatically configured for spin-up and spin-down traces in any noise environment by tuning the trainable parameters using the datasets of charge transition signals experimentally obtained at a charging line. Moreover, we verify that our DNN classification is robust under noisy environment in comparison to the two conventional classification methods used for charge and spin state measurements in various quantum dot experiments.
Rapid fluorescence imaging of human hepatocellular carcinoma using the β-galactosidase-activatable fluorescence probe SPiDER-βGal
Authors: Ogawa Soichiro , Kubo Hidemasa , Murayama Yasutoshi , Kubota Takeshi , Yubakami Masayuki , Matsumoto Tatsuya , Yamamoto Yusuke , Morimura Ryo , Ikoma Hisashi , Okamoto Kazuma , Kamiya Mako , Urano Yasuteru , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluorescence imaging of tumours facilitates rapid intraoperative diagnosis. Thus far, a promising activatable fluorescence probe for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been developed. Herein, the utility of the fluorescence imaging of HCC using a β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-activatable fluorescence probe SPiDER-βGal was examined. β-Gal activity was measured in cryopreserved tissues from 68 patients. Live cell imaging of HCC cell lines and imaging of tumour-bearing model mice were performed using SPiDER-βGal. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging was performed in 27 freshly resected human HCC specimens. In cryopreserved samples, β-Gal activity was significantly higher in tumour tissues than in non-tumour tissues. Fluorescence was observed in HCC cell lines. In mouse models, tumours displayed stronger fluorescence than normal liver tissue. In freshly resected specimens, fluorescence intensity in the tumour was significantly higher than that in non-tumour liver specimens as early as 2 min after spraying. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the diagnostic value of SPiDER-βGal 10 min after its spraying; an area under the curve of 0.864, sensitivity of 85.2%, and specificity of 74.1% were observed for SPiDER-βGal. SPiDER-βGal is useful for the rapid fluorescence imaging of HCC. Fluorescence imaging guided by SPiDER-βGal would help surgeons detect tumours rapidly and achieve complete liver resection.
Automated detection of poor-quality data: case studies in healthcare
Authors: Dakka M. A. , Nguyen T. V. , Hall J. M. M. , Diakiw S. M. , VerMilyea M. , Linke R. , Perugini M. , Perugini D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe detection and removal of poor-quality data in a training set is crucial to achieve high-performing AI models. In healthcare, data can be inherently poor-quality due to uncertainty or subjectivity, but as is often the case, the requirement for data privacy restricts AI practitioners from accessing raw training data, meaning manual visual verification of private patient data is not possible. Here we describe a novel method for automated identification of poor-quality data, called Untrainable Data Cleansing. This method is shown to have numerous benefits including protection of private patient data; improvement in AI generalizability; reduction in time, cost, and data needed for training; all while offering a truer reporting of AI performance itself. Additionally, results show that Untrainable Data Cleansing could be useful as a triage tool to identify difficult clinical cases that may warrant in-depth evaluation or additional testing to support a diagnosis.
Stress distribution pattern in the distal radioulnar joint before and after ulnar shortening osteotomy in patients with ulnar impaction syndrome
Authors: Hontani Kazutoshi , Matsui Yuichiro , Kawamura Daisuke , Urita Atsushi , Momma Daisuke , Hamano Hiroki , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUlnar shortening osteotomy (USO) for ulnar impaction syndrome potentially leads to degenerative changes of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the sigmoid notch morphology on the stress distribution pattern of the DRUJ using computed tomography (CT) osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM). We reviewed the pre- and postoperative transverse CT images of 15 wrists that had undergone USO. The examined wrists were classified into two groups based on the sigmoid notch morphology: the linear-type notch (type L) and the curved-type notch (type C). We calculated and statistically compared the percentage of the high-density area (%HDA) in each divided region of the sigmoid notch. In type L, %HDA was significantly larger in the distal-dorsal region of the sigmoid notch before USO. Postoperatively, in type L, no specific regions showed a significantly different %HDA. In type C, %HDA was significantly larger in the distal-volar region of the sigmoid notch before USO. Postoperatively, %HDA of type C was significantly larger in the proximal-volar region. Our results suggest that in patients with ulnar impaction syndrome, morphological evaluation of the sigmoid notch can serve as a predictor of osteoarthritis in the DRUJ with or without USO.
Construction of transplantable artificial vascular tissue based on adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by a cell coating and cryopreservation technique
Authors: Asano Yoshiya , Okano Daisuke , Matsusaki Michiya , Watabe Tetsuro , Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Akashi Mitsuru , Shimoda Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevascularized artificial three-dimensional (3D) tissues are effective biomaterials for regenerative medicine. We have previously established a scaffold-free 3D artificial vascular tissue from normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells (HUVECs) by layer-by-layer cell coating technique. In this study, we constructed an artificial vascular tissue constructed by human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hASCs) and HUVECs (ASCVT) by a modified technique with cryopreservation. ASCVT showed a higher thickness with more dense vascular networks than the 3D tissue based on NHDFs. Correspondingly, 3D-cultured ASCs showed higher expression of several angiogenesis-related factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A and hepatic growth factor, compared to that of NHDFs. Moreover, perivascular cells in ASCVT were detected by pericyte markers, suggesting the differentiation of hASCs into pericyte-like cells. Subcutaneous transplantation of ASCVTs to nude mice resulted in an engraftment with anastomosis of host’s vascular structures at 2 weeks after operation. In the engrafted tissue, the vascular network was surrounded by mural-like structure-forming hASCs, in which some parts developed to form vein-like structures at 4 weeks, suggesting the generation of functional vessel networks. These results demonstrated that cryopreserved human cells, including hASCs, could be used directly to construct the artificial transplantable tissue for regenerative medicine.
Effect of changes in inspired oxygen fraction on oxygen delivery during cardiac surgery: a substudy of the CARROT trial
Authors: Nam Karam , Kim Hye-Bin , Kwak Young-Lan , Jeong Young Hyun , Ju Jae-Woo , Bae Jinyoung , Lee Seohee , Cho Youn Joung , Shim Jae-Kwang , Jeon Yunseok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen hemoglobin (Hb) is fully saturated with oxygen, the additional gain in oxygen delivery (DO2) achieved by increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) is often considered clinically insignificant. In this study, we evaluated the change in DO2, interrogated by mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), in response to a change in FiO2 of 0.5 during cardiac surgery. When patients were hemodynamically stable, FiO2 was alternated between 0.5 and 1.0 in on-pump cardiac surgery patients (pilot study), and between 0.3 and 0.8 in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting patients (substudy of the CARROT trial). After the patient had stabilized, a blood gas analysis was performed to measure SvO2. The observed change in SvO2 (ΔSvO2) was compared to the expected ΔSvO2 calculated using Fick’s equation. A total 106 changes in FiO2 (two changes per patient; total 53 patients; on-pump, n = 36; off-pump, n = 17) were finally analyzed. While Hb saturation remained near 100% (on-pump, 100%; off-pump, mean [SD] = 98.1% [1.5] when FiO2 was 0.3 and 99.9% [0.2] when FiO2 was 0.8), SvO2 changed significantly as FiO2 was changed (the first and second changes in on-pump, 7.7%p [3.8] and 7.6%p [3.5], respectively; off-pump, 7.9%p [4.9] and 6.2%p [3.9]; all P < 0.001). As a total, regardless of the surgery type, the observed ΔSvO2 after the FiO2 change of 0.5 was ≥ 5%p in 82 (77.4%) changes and ≥ 10%p in 31 (29.2%) changes (mean [SD], 7.5%p [3.9]). Hb concentration was not correlated with the observed ΔSvO2 (the first changes, r =  − 0.06, P = 0.677; the second changes, r =  − 0.21, P = 0.138). The mean (SD) residual ΔSvO2 (observed − expected ΔSvO2) was 0%p (4). Residual ΔSvO2 was more than 5%p in 14 (13.2%) changes and exceeded 10%p in 2 (1.9%) changes. Residual ΔSvO2 was greater in patients with chronic kidney disease than in those without (median [IQR], 5%p [0 to 7] vs. 0%p [− 3 to 2]; P = 0.049). DO2, interrogated by SvO2, may increase to a clinically significant degree as FiO2 is increased during cardiac surgery, and the increase of SvO2 is not related to Hb concentration. SvO2 increases more than expected in patients with chronic kidney disease. Increasing FiO2 can be used to increase DO2 during cardiac surgery.
Plasticity in gustatory and nociceptive neurons controls decision making in C. elegans salt navigation
Authors: Dekkers Martijn P. J. , Salfelder Felix , Sanders Tom , Umuerri Oluwatoroti , Cohen Netta , Jansen Gert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA conventional understanding of perception assigns sensory organs the role of capturing the environment. Better sensors result in more accurate encoding of stimuli, allowing for cognitive processing downstream. Here we show that plasticity in sensory neurons mediates a behavioral switch in C. elegans between attraction to NaCl in naïve animals and avoidance of NaCl in preconditioned animals, called gustatory plasticity. Ca2+ imaging in ASE and ASH NaCl sensing neurons reveals multiple cell-autonomous and distributed circuit adaptation mechanisms. A computational model quantitatively accounts for observed behaviors and reveals roles for sensory neurons in the control and modulation of motor behaviors, decision making and navigational strategy. Sensory adaptation dynamically alters the encoding of the environment. Rather than encoding the stimulus directly, therefore, we propose that these C. elegans sensors dynamically encode a context-dependent value of the stimulus. Our results demonstrate how adaptive sensory computation can directly control an animal’s behavioral state.
A highly-contiguous genome assembly of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, provides insight into a major forest pest
Authors: Powell Daniel , Groβe-Wilde Ewald , Krokene Paal , Roy Amit , Chakraborty Amrita , Löfstedt Christer , Vogel Heiko , Andersson Martin N. , Schlyter Fredrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConifer-feeding bark beetles are important herbivores and decomposers in forest ecosystems. These species complete their life cycle in nutritionally poor substrates and some can kill enormous numbers of trees during population outbreaks. The Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) can destroy >100 million m3 of spruce in a single year. We report a 236.8 Mb I. typographus genome assembly using PacBio long-read sequencing. The final phased assembly has a contig N50 of 6.65 Mb in 272 contigs and is predicted to contain 23,923 protein-coding genes. We reveal expanded gene families associated with plant cell wall degradation, including pectinases, aspartyl proteases, and glycosyl hydrolases. This genome sequence from the genus Ips provides timely resources to address questions about the evolutionary biology of the true weevils (Curculionidae), one of the most species-rich animal families. In forests of today, increasingly stressed by global warming, this draft genome may assist in developing pest control strategies to mitigate outbreaks.
Perception of Incongruent Audiovisual Speech: Distribution of Modality-Specific Responses
Authors: Sandhya  , Vinay  , V Manchaiah, 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:Multimodal sensory integration in audiovisual (AV) speech perception is a naturally occurring phenomenon. Modality-specific responses such as auditory left, auditory right, and visual responses to dichotic incongruent AV speech stimuli help in understanding AV speech processing through each input modality. It is observed that distribution of activity in the frontal motor areas involved in speech production has been shown to correlate with how subjects perceive the same syllable differently or perceive different syllables. This study investigated the distribution of modality-specific responses to dichotic incongruent AV speech stimuli by simultaneously presenting consonant–vowel (CV) syllables with different places of articulation to the participant's left and right ears and visually.Design:A dichotic experimental design was adopted. Six stop CV syllables /pa/, /ta/, /ka/, /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ were assembled to create dichotic incongruent AV speech material. Participants included 40 native speakers of Norwegian (20 women,Mage= 22.6 years,SD= 2.43 years; 20 men,Mage= 23.7 years,SD= 2.08 years).Results:Findings of this study showed that, under dichotic listening conditions, velar CV syllables resulted in the highest scores in the respective ears, and this might be explained by stimulus dominance of velar consonants, as shown in previous studies. However, this study, with dichotic auditory stimuli accompanied by an incongruent video segment, demonstrated that the presentation of a visually distinct video segment possibly draws attention to the video segment in some participants, thereby reducing the overall recognition of the dominant syllable. Furthermore, the findings here suggest the possibility of lesser response times to incongruent AV stimuli in females compared with males.Conclusion:The identification of the left audio, right audio, and visual segments in dichotic incongruent AV stimuli depends on place of articulation, stimulus dominance, and voice onset time of the CV syllables.
Motivation, Rapport, and Resilience: Three Pillars of Adolescent Therapy to Shift the Focus to Adulthood
Authors: Abendroth Kathleen J. , Whited Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this clinical focus article is to encourage speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to shift their operational framework as students grow from childhood to adulthood by focusing on three pillars of interaction: motivation, rapport, and resilience. We need to foster greater independence and interpersonal skills in older students, but researchers have not explained how to help SLPs successfully transition their intervention strategies. Here, we identify three pillars of adolescent therapy—motivation, rapport, and resilience—to help clinicians shift their perspective from childhood to adulthood. We rely on social constructivism to guide practice and argue that client-centered models of therapy are more appropriate than therapist-centered models for adolescent students. For each pillar, we discuss clinician behaviors, student results, and clinical implications.ConclusionsBy strengthening these three pillars of interaction, clinicians can shift their focus toward client-centered therapy models and facilitate skills students need in adulthood. Strengthening skills related to motivation, rapport, and resilience will help support more symmetrical and flexible clinical partnerships in adolescent students with communication disorders.
Selbstverantwortung: Zusammenhänge mit Depression und Angst
und Relevanz für das Behandlungsergebnis bei schwer depressiven
Patient*innen in vollstationärer Behandlung
Authors: Maß Reinhard , Schottke Marie-Lene , Müller Maria , Lübbers Frederik , Müller-Alcazar Anett , Kolbeck Sabine , Morgenroth Olaf 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Obwohl in den meisten Psychotherapieschulen eine hohe
Selbstverantwortung (SV) der Patient*innen als Grundlage für den
Erfolg einer Psychotherapie angesehen wird, gibt es für dieses Konstrukt
weder eine einheitliche Definition noch eine psychometrische
Operationalisierung; dementsprechend liegen auch keine empirischen Belege
für die tatsächliche Bedeutung von SV in der Psychotherapie vor.
Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, (1) eine Definition von SV vorzuschlagen
sowie einen Fragebogen für deren Messung zu entwickeln und (2) mit Hilfe
dieses Instruments die Bedeutung der SV bei der Behandlung von Depressionen zu
prüfen.
Methodik In zwei Studien mit Stichproben gesunder Erwachsener
(N=233 bzw. 301) wurde das
„Selbstverantwortungs-Inventar“ (SV-I) entwickelt und dessen
Korrelationen mit Depressivität und habitueller Angst geprüft.
In einer dritten Studie wurde das SV-I Patient*innen vorgelegt, die sich
wegen einer Depression in vollstationär-psychiatrischer Behandlung
befanden (N=231). Die Behandlungen waren hauptsächlich
psychotherapeutisch ausgerichtet.
Ergebnisse Die finale Version des SV-I besteht aus drei Skalen mit jeweils
10 Items: „Fremdbestimmung“, „Selbstbestimmung“
und „Orientierung an den Erwartungen anderer“. Bei gesunden
Erwachsenen geht eine geringe SV mit hoher Depressivität und hoher
Ängstlichkeit einher. Die Patient*innen zeigten durchschnittlich
eine geringere SV als die Gesunden. Während der Behandlung kam es in
allen drei SV-I-Skalen zu einem Anstieg der SV. Je höher die bei der
Entlassung erreichte SV war, desto stärker war der Rückgang der
Depression von der Aufnahme bis zur Entlassung.
Diskussion Das SV-I scheint geeignet für den Einsatz bei Gesunden
und bei klinischen Gruppen zu sein. Unsere Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass eine
geringe SV mit der Entwicklung psychischer Symptome und Erkrankungen
zusammenhängt.
Schlussfolgerung Eine hohe SV könnte ein bedeutsamer Faktor
für den Erfolg einer Psychotherapie bei Depression sein; das SV-I
könnte ein nützliches Instrument zur Untersuchung
psychotherapeutischer Prozesse sein.
Dentoalveolar Procedures in Immune Thrombocytopenia; Systematic Review and an Institutional Guideline
Authors: van Dijk Wobke E. M. , van Es Robert J. J. , Correa Maria E. P. , Schutgens Roger E. G. , van Galen Karin P. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Dentoalveolar procedures in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) pose a risk of bleeding due to thrombocytopenia and infection due to immunosuppressive treatments. We aimed to systematically review the safety and management of dentoalveolar procedures in ITP patients to create practical recommendations.
Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Cinahl were searched for original studies on dentoalveolar procedures in primary ITP patients. We recorded bleeding- and infection-related outcomes and therapeutic strategies. Clinically relevant bleeding was defined as needing medical attention.
Results Seventeen articles were included, of which 12 case reports/series. Overall, the quality of the available evidence was poor. Outcomes and administered therapies (including hemostatic therapies and prophylactic antibiotics) were not systematically reported. At least 73 dentoalveolar procedures in 49 ITP patients were described. The range of the preoperative platelet count was 2 to 412 × 109/L. Two clinically relevant bleedings (2%) were reported in the same patient of which one was life-threatening. Strategies used to minimize the risk of bleeding were heterogeneous and included therapies to increase platelet count, antifibrinolytics, local measures, and minimally invasive techniques. Reports on the occurrence of bleedings due to anesthetics or infection were lacking.
Conclusion Based on alarmingly limited data, clinically relevant bleedings and infections after dentoalveolar procedures in ITP patients seem rare. Awaiting prospective and controlled studies to further evaluate these risks and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, we provided our institutional guideline to guide the management of dentoalveolar procedures in ITP patients.
Multiple Activation Catalyst for Asymmetric [4+2] Cycloaddition of Aldehydes with Dienes
Authors: Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro , Tomifuji Rei , Murano Shunpei , Teranishi Satoru , Kuroda Daiki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe enantioselective oxa-Diels–Alder reaction of nonactivated substrates by utilizing FeCl3 and a 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derived chiral phosphoric acid as a multiple activation catalyst is reported. Various oxygen-containing six-membered heterocycles were obtained in high yields and in an enantioselective manner. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that both Lewis acidic and Brønsted acidic moieties in the catalyst system synergistically activate two lone pairs of an aldehyde to facilitate enantioselective addition reaction of dienes.
Impact of Bias in Data Collection of COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Manchanda Raj Kumar , Miglani Anjali , Chakraborty Moumita , Meena Baljeet Singh , Sharma Kavita , Gupta Meeta , Sharma Ashok , Chadha Vishal , Rani Purnima , Singh Rahul Kumar , Rutten Lex 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Prognostic factor research (PFR), prevalence of symptoms and likelihood ratio (LR) play an important role in identifying prescribing indications of useful homeopathic remedies. It involves meticulous unbiased collection and analysis of data collected during clinical practice. This paper is an attempt to identify causes of bias and suggests ways to mitigate them for improving the accuracy in prescribing for better clinical outcomes and execution of randomized controlled studies.
Methods A prospective, open label, observational study was performed from April 2020 to December 2020 at two COVID Health Centers. A custom-made Excel spreadsheet containing 71 fields covering a spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms was shared with doctors for regular reporting. Cases suitable for PFR were selected. LR was calculated for commonly occurring symptoms. Outlier values with LR ≥5 were identified and variance of LRs was calculated.
Results Out of 1,889 treated cases of confirmed COVID-19, 1,445 cases were selected for pre-specified reasons. Nine medicines, Arsenicum album, Bryonia alba, Gelsemium sempervirens, Pulsatilla nigricans, Hepar sulphuricus, Magnesia muriaticum, Phosphorus, Nux vomica and Belladonna, were most frequently prescribed. Outlier values and large variance for Hepar sulphuricus and Magnesia muriaticum were noticed as indication of bias. Confirmation bias leading to lowering of symptom threshold, keynote prescribing, and deficiency in checking of all symptoms in each case were identified as the most important sources of bias.
Conclusion Careful identification of biases and remedial steps such as training of doctors, regular monitoring of data, checking of all pre-defined symptoms, and multicenter data collection are important steps to mitigate biases.