bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete adjoint aerodynamic shape optimization using symbolic analysis with OpenFEMflow
Authors: Elham Ali , van Tooren Michel J. L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe combination of gradient-based optimization with the adjoint method for sensitivity analysis is a very powerful and popular approach for aerodynamic shape optimization. However, differentiating CFD codes is a time consuming and sometimes a challenging task. Although there are a few open-source adjoint CFD codes available, due to the complexity of the code, they might not be very suitable to be used for educational purposes. An adjoint CFD code is developed to support students for learning adjoint aerodynamic shape optimization as well as developing differentiated CFD codes. To achieve this goal, we used symbolic analysis to develop a discrete adjoint CFD code. The least-squares finite element method is used to solve the compressible Euler equations around airfoils in the transonic regime. The symbolic analysis method is used for exact integration to generate the element stiffness and force matrices. The symbolic analysis is also used to compute the exact derivatives of the residuals with respect to both design variables (e.g., the airfoil geometry) and the state variables (e.g., the flow velocity). Besides, the symbolic analysis allows us to compute the exact Jacobian of the governing equations in a computationally efficient way, which is used for Newton iteration. The code includes a build-in gradient-based optimization algorithm and is released as open-source to be available freely for educational purposes.
Stability and recovery issues concerning chondroitin sulfate disaccharide analysis
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Pál Domonkos , Vékey Károly , Drahos László , Turiák Lilla 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChondroitin sulfate (CS) is a widely studied class of glycosaminoglycans, responsible for diverse biological functions. Structural analysis of CS is generally based on disaccharide analysis. Sample preparation is a key analytical issue in this case. However, a detailed study on the stability and recovery of CS-derived species has been lacking so far. We have found that for solvent exchange, in general, vacuum evaporation (SpeedVac) is much preferable than lyophilization. Moreover, in the case of aqueous solutions, higher recovery was experienced than in solutions with high organic solvent content. Storage of the resulting disaccharide mixture in typical HPLC injection solvents is also critical; decomposition starts after 12 h at 4 °C; therefore, the mixtures should not be kept in the sample tray of an automatic injector for a long time. The study, therefore, lays down suggestions on proper sample preparation and measurement conditions for biologically derived chondroitin sulfate species.
„Gaming“ im Kindesalter
Authors: Wernicke Jennifer , Montag Christian 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Viele Kinder spielen Computer- und Videospiele („Gaming“). Doch übermäßiges Gaming kann sich zu einer „Gaming Disorder“ entwickeln, deren Ursachen nicht vollständig geklärt sind. Unter anderem werden elterliches Gaming und das Vorliegen einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Kindern als Einflussfaktoren diskutiert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es wurde untersucht, ob i) Zusammenhänge zwischen elterlichem und kindlichem Gaming bestehen, ii) Gaming und Tendenzen zur ADHS bei Kindern miteinander assoziiert sind, und iii) diese Assoziationen durch das Gaming-Verhalten der Eltern moderiert werden.

Material und Methoden
Es beurteilten 249 Eltern (n = 244 Frauen; Alter: 34,94 ± 4,88 Jahre) das eigene Gaming-Verhalten und das ihrer Kinder (n = 105 Mädchen, n = 144 Jungen; Alter: 5,72 ± 2,18 Jahre) mit dem Gaming Disorder Test (GDT). Mithilfe der Diagnose-Checkliste Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (DCL-ADHS) wurden ADHS-Tendenzen der Kinder im Fremdbericht erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Gaming der Eltern und Kinder waren voneinander abhängig (χ2(1) = 15,52, p < 0,001). Die GDT-Werte der Eltern und Kinder korrelierten positiv (Jungen: ρ = 0,34, p = 0,029; Mädchen: ρ = 0,35, p = 0,047). Computerspielende Kinder hatten keine höheren ADHS-Tendenzen als Kinder, die nicht spielten, doch bei spielenden Jungen korrelierten Tendenzen zu Impulsivität (ρ = 0,23, p = 0,028) und bei spielenden Mädchen Tendenzen zu Unaufmerksamkeit (ρ = 0,38, p = 0,008) mit dem GDT-Wert. Elterliche GDT-Werte verstärkten den Zusammenhang zwischen dem GDT-Wert und der Impulsivität bei Kindern i. Allg.

Schlussfolgerung
Eltern können durch ihr eigenes Gaming-Verhalten möglicherweise das ihrer Kinder beeinflussen. Besonders bei Kindern mit einer ADHS muss problematisches Gaming frühzeitig erkannt werden, um der Entstehung einer Gaming Disorder vorbeugen zu können. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse bedürfen längsschnittlicher Überprüfungen in größeren und heterogeneren Stichproben.
Percutaneous Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography combined with in vitro verification for detection and characterization of sentinel lymph nodes in early breast cancer
Authors: Hao Yunxia , Sun Yan , Lei Yutao , Zhao Hongmei , Cui Ligang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the efficacy of percutaneous Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasound and in vitro verification for identification sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and diagnosis of metastatic SLNs in patients with early breast cancer (BC).

Methods
Sixty-eight patients with early BC were enrolled finally. After the induction of general anesthesia, 0.4 ml of Sonazoid (SNZ), a new second-generation tissue-specific ultrasound contrast agent (UCA), mixed with 0.6 ml of methylene blue, was injected intradermally. The lymphatic vessels and connected SLNs were immediately observed and marked. After being resected, these SLNs were soaked in saline water and examined still in the mode of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in vitro. This procedure could ensure that all the enhanced nodes had been removed as much as possible. The numbers of SLNs detected by UCA and blue dye were recorded. The enhancement patterns of SLNs were compared with the final pathological results.

Results
SLNs detection rate by SNZ-CEUS was 100%, which was higher than that by blue dye (95.59%). CEUS identified a median of 1.5 nodes, while blue dye identified a median of 1.9 nodes per case (p = 0.0012). When homogeneous high perfusion and complete annular high perfusion were regarded as negative nodes, the sensitivity and negative predictive value were 92.31% and 96.79% respectively, while the specificity was 84.21%.

Conclusions
Percutaneous SNZ-enhanced ultrasonography combined with in vitro verification is a feasible and reliable method for SLNs identification intraoperatively. Enhancement patterns can be helpful in determining the status of SLNs.

Key Points
• CEUS with percutaneous injection of Sonazoid can successfully identify SLNs with the rate of 100% in early breast cancer patients, higher than 95.59% of blue dye.
• Sonazoid, with high affinity with reticuloendothelial cells, increases the imaging time of SLNs and facilitates biopsy intraoperatively better than Sonovue as a lymphatic tracer.
• Homogenous high and complete annular high perfusions have a sensitivity of 92.31% and a negative predictive value of 96.79% in the prediction of uninvolved SLNs.
Can local treatment prolong the sensitivity of metastatic prostate cancer to androgen deprivation or even prevent castration resistance?
Authors: Niklas Christina , Saar Matthias , Nini Alessandro , Linxweiler Johannes , Siemer Stefan , Junker Kerstin , Stoeckle Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
A number of observational clinical studies suggest that prior primary tumor treatment favorably influences the course of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), but its mechanisms of action are still speculative. Here, we describe the long-lasting sensitivity to various forms of androgen deprivation in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) for locally advanced PCa as one potential mechanism.

Methods
A consecutive series of 115 radical prostatectomies after inductive therapy for T4 prostate cancer was re-analyzed, and long-term survival, as well as recurrence patterns and responses to different forms of hormonal manipulation, were assessed.

Results
The estimated biochemical response-free, PCa-specific, and overall survival rates after 200 months were 20%, 65%, and 47% with a median overall survival of 156 months. The majority of patients, although not cured of locally advanced PCa (84/115), showed long-term survival after RP. PCa-specific and overall survival rates of these 84 patients with biochemical recurrence were 61% and 44% at 150 months. Long-term sensitivity to ADT was found to be the main reason for the favorable tumor-specific survival in spite of biochemical recurrence.

Conclusions
Sensitivity to primary or secondary hormonal manipulation was the main reason for the long-term survival of patients who had not been cured by surgery only. The results suggest that treatment of the primary tumor-bearing prostate delays castration-resistant PCa and enhances the effect of hormonal therapies in a previously unknown manner. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms need to be explored in more detailed analyses, which could profoundly impact treatment concepts of locally advanced and metastatic PCa.
Undifferentiated large cell/rhabdoid carcinoma presenting in the intestines of patients with concurrent or recent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of 14 cases indicates an unusual pattern of dedifferentiated metastases
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Daum Ondrej , Michal Michal , Schmidt Mona W. , Stoehr Robert , Hartmann Arndt , Lauwers Gregory Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUndifferentiated carcinoma metastatic to the bowel is uncommon in surgical pathology practice and might be confused with primary gastrointestinal carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, and others. We present 14 cases of uni- (n = 9) or multifocal (n = 5) undifferentiated large cell/rhabdoid carcinoma presenting in the bowel of patients with concurrent (n = 9) or recent (diagnosed 1 to 25 months earlier; median, 4) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients were 6 females and 8 males, aged 52 to 85 years. Primary NSCLC was verified histologically in 10 cases and by imaging in 4. The undifferentiated histology was present in the lung biopsy in 4/10 patients (as sole pattern in 3 and combined with adenocarcinoma in 1) and was limited to the intestinal metastases in the remainder. PDL1 was strongly expressed in 7/9 cases (CPS: 41 to 100). Loss of at least one SWI/SNF subunit was detected in 7/13 cases (54%). SMARCA2 loss (n = 6) was most frequent and was combined with SMARCA4 loss in one case. PBRM1 loss was observed in one tumor. Successful molecular testing of 11 cases revealed BRAF mutations in 4 (3 were non-V600E variants), KRAS mutations in 3, and wildtype in 4. None had EGFR mutations. Analysis of 4 paired samples revealed concordant KRAS (2) and BRAF (1) mutations or wildtype (1). Our study indicates that undifferentiated carcinoma within the intestines of patients with concurrent/recent NSCLC represents dedifferentiated metastasis from the NSCLC. Recognition of this unusual presentation is cardinal to avoid misdiagnosis with inappropriate therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Universitätslehrgang Rock Engineering for Deep Mines
Authors: Sifferlinger Nikolaus A. , Wagner Horst , Ladinig Tobias , Knoll Birgit , Bertignoll Hanno 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungUnter der Leitung des Lehrstuhls für Bergbaukunde, Bergtechnik und Bergwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben wurde ein zweijähriger Berufsausbildungskurs „Rock Engineering for Deep Mines“ (SafeDeepMining) konzipiert. Dieser zielte darauf ab, den Mangel an hochqualifiziertem Gebirgsmechanik-Experten für tiefe Bergwerke zu beheben, mit dem man die Gesteinsdruckprobleme, die den Abbau tiefer Mineralvorkommen gefährden, effektiv angehen kann. Das erklärte Ziel von „SafeDeepMining“ ist es, Bergbauingenieure, Behördenmitarbeiter und Personal in der Beratung und an Universitäten auf dem neuesten Stand der Technik im Felsbau auszubilden, um die europäische Bergbauindustrie bei der Bewältigung von Gebirgsdruckgefahren zu unterstützen, die ihre zukünftigen Untertagebetriebe bedrohen.
Numerical Analysis of Side-loads Reduction in a Sub-scale Dual-bell Rocket Nozzle
Authors: Cimini M. , Martelli E. , Bernardini M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA calibrated delayed detached eddy simulation of a sub-scale cold-gas dual-bell nozzle flow at high Reynolds number and in sea-level mode is carried out at nozzle pressure ratio NPR = 45.7. In this regime the over-expanded flow exhibits a symmetric and controlled flow separation at the inflection point, that is the junction between the two bells, leading to the generation of a low content of aerodynamic side loads with respect to conventional bell nozzles. The nozzle wall-pressure signature is analyzed in the frequency domain and compared with the experimental data available in the literature for the same geometry and flow conditions. The Fourier spectra in time and space (azimuthal wavenumber) show the presence of a persistent tone associated to the symmetric shock movement. Asymmetric modes are only slightly excited by the shock and the turbulent structures. The low mean value of the side-loads magnitude is in good agreement with the experiments and confirms that the inflection point dampens the aero-acoustic interaction between the separation-shock and the detached shear layer.
Prioritization of Loita Maasai medicinal plants for conservation
Authors: Nankaya Jedidah , Gichuki Nathan , Lukhoba Catherine , Balslev Henrik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMedicinal plants provide biodiversity-based ecosystem services including health to many communities around the world and therefore, medicinal plant conservation is vital for sustainability. Here, we identify medicinal plants to be prioritized for conservation among the Loita Maasai who are pastoralists in the extensive East African savannah. A botanical survey and interviews were conducted with 91 villagers; 49 women and 42 men drawn randomly from 45 households. A conservation priority list was developed based on (1) the plant part harvested, (2) the species use value, and (3) its availability. These criteria were evaluated independently for each species on a scale from 1 to 4 and their sum was taken as the species’ score. The score for the species varied from 5 to 9. The higher the total score value of a species, the higher its priority for conservation. Among the medicinal plants used by the community, 20 species were shortlisted as regularly used and found around the village. Out of these, 12 species that had scores above seven were considered top priority for conservation. A total of 1179 use reports were obtained from the villagers and they were placed in 12 use categories as defined in the International Classification of Primary Care system. Plants used to treat digestive system disorder had most use reports (21%), followed by the muscular skeletal disorders (20%). This study identified 12 medicinal plant species that should be given conservation priority to make them available for the wellbeing of the people and sustainability of ecosystem products and services. An assessment of medicinal plants species using standard ecological methods is recommended.
Fathers’ Mental Health and Children’s Aggressive Behaviour A Study Based on Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Authors: Kvalevaag Anne lise , Aβmus Jörg , Biringer Eva 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the association between fathers’ prenatal psychological distress and children’s aggressive behaviour in terms of hitting others, and how children’s age, gender and temperament affect this association. The study is based on data from 20,155 fathers and mothers from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Fathers and mothers completed questionnaires at 17 or 18 weeks of gestation and mothers at children’s age 18 months, and 3 and 5 years. Fathers’ prenatal psychological distress was assessed by the 5-item Symptom Checklist (SCL-5), and children’s temperament by 12 items from the Emotionality Activity Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey. Increasing prenatal psychological distress in fathers was associated with an increase of hitting from 18 months to 3 years of age in boys. Children’s temperament did not affect the association between fathers’ prenatal psychological distress and children’s aggressive behaviour.
Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland
Authors: Bem Henryk , Długosz-Lisiecka Magdalena , Mazurek-Rudnicka Daria , Szajerski Piotr 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEuropean Union Council Directive 2013/51/EURATOM recently sets out so-called indicator parameters for: radon, tritium and indicative dose of water intended for human consumption. The aim of this research was to elaborate an effective procedure for determination of radon and radium 226,228Ra isotopes (which are potentially the main contributors to the internal dose from drinking and cooking water) and to find the possible relationships between these radionuclides in underground water reservoirs and 222Rn concentration in the soil gas in their vicinity. The research was performed by applying a non-volatile and water-immiscible scintillation cocktail based on a pure diisopropylnaphthalene (Ultima Gold F: UGF), which allow for efficient radon extraction from 0.5 dm3 of water samples to 20 cm3 of scintillation phase and its direct determination with a detection limit of 5 × 10–3 Bq dm−3. The further preliminary concentration of 3 dm3 of crude water samples by evaporation to 0.5 dm3 samples led to the removal of all unsupported 222Rn activity and allowed the 226Ra determination via equivalent 222Rn detection after one-month samples storage using a low-background Triathler liquid scintillation counter in the α/β separation counting mode. Together with determination of 226Ra isotope in water samples, the simultaneous measurements of 228Ra and 222Rn radionuclides concentrations in water as well as 222Rn activity in the soil gas around the water supply sites were performed. The achieved limit of 226Ra detection was at a very low level of 10–3 Bq dm−3. The measured values of 226Ra concentration in 50 public underground water supply units for the Kalisz district of Poland were relatively low and ranged from below detection limit to 28.5 × 10–3 Bq dm−3 with arithmetic mean and median values of 12.9 and 12.2 × 10–3 Bq dm−3, respectively. Weak correlations were observed between activity concentrations of 226Ra and 222Rn in the crude water samples (R2 = 0.31) and 222Rn in water and its concentration in the nearby soil gas (R2 = 0.48).
Efficacy of bandage contact lens for the management of dry eye disease after cataract surgery
Authors: Wu Xingdi , Ma Yajuan , Chen Xiang , He Suhong , Lin Xueqi , Yu Xuewen , Chen Weijie , Luo Chenqi , Xu Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bandage contact lens (BCL) for the management of dry eye disease (DED) after cataract surgery.

Methods
A total of 120 patients (140 eyes) with age-related cataract and DED were enrolled in this study. Patients underwent standard micro-incision phacoemulsification surgeries and were divided into control or BCL groups. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination, Ocular Surface Disease Index, keratograph analysis and Schirmer I test were executed, and the levels of tear inflammatory molecules were detected.

Results
In the control group, the NIAvg-BUT and Schirmer I test scores were significantly decreased at 1 week post-operation compared with baseline levels (P = 0.035 and P = 0.009, respectively). In the BCL group, the NIF-BUT and Schemer I test scores were significantly improved at 1 month after operation compared with the control group (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively). Levels of IL-6, IL-8 and ICAM-1 were significantly increased in the control group at 1 month after the operation (P = 0.005, P = 0.038 and P = 0.022, respectively), while there was no difference in the BCL group. The increase in the IL-6 level in the control group was significantly higher compared with that in the BCL group (P = 0.047). In DED patients, there were significant correlations between ocular surface parameters and inflammatory molecules.

Conclusions
Cataract surgery could lead to the development or worsening of DED. The application of BCLs after cataract surgery could stabilize the ocular surface and tear film, improve the corneal healing and reduce the inflammation. Collectively, our findings suggested that proper use of BCLs after cataract surgery played an effective role in the management of DED.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials, NCT04100031. Registered 18 September 2019—retrospectively registered
The influence of depth of anesthesia and blood pressure on muscle recorded motor evoked potentials in spinal surgery. A prospective observational study protocol
Authors: Dulfer Sebastiaan E. , Sahinovic M. M. , Lange F. , Wapstra F. H. , Postmus D. , Potgieser A. R. E. , Faber C. , Groen R. J. M. , Absalom A. R. , Drost G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor high-risk spinal surgeries, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is used to detect and prevent intraoperative neurological injury. The motor tracts are monitored by recording and analyzing muscle transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potentials (mTc-MEPs). A mTc-MEP amplitude decrease of 50–80% is the most common warning criterion for possible neurological injury. However, these warning criteria often result in false positive warnings. False positives may be caused by inadequate depth of anesthesia and blood pressure on mTc-MEP amplitudes. The aim of this paper is to validate the study protocol in which the goal is to investigate the effects of depth of anesthesia (part 1) and blood pressure (part 2) on mTc-MEPs. Per part, 25 patients will be included. In order to investigate the effects of depth of anesthesia, a processed electroencephalogram (pEEG) monitor will be used. At pEEG values of 30, 40 and 50, mTc-MEP measurements will be performed. To examine the effect of blood pressure on mTc-MEPs the mean arterial pressure will be elevated from 60 to 100 mmHg during which mTc-MEP measurements will be performed. We hypothesize that by understanding the effects of depth of anesthesia and blood pressure on mTc-MEPs, the mTc-MEP monitoring can be interpreted more reliably. This may contribute to fewer false positive warnings. By performing this study after induction and prior to incision, this protocol provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of depths of anesthesia and blood pressure on mTc-MEPs alone with as little confounders as possible.Trial registration numberNL7772.