bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal load dispatch strategies for a hybrid system using renewable energy sources
Authors: Ramírez Ronald Ayala , Chacaguasay Javier Tenesaca , García Juan Lata 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently, the idea of hybrid power systems (HES) has attracted interest for the electrification of isolated or energy efficient areas. This document examines the modelling and optimal dimensions of a hybrid microgrid using different dispatch strategies. The sizing of the HES components such as Photovoltaic panels, Batteries, Inverter, a Diesel generator has been optimized by three strategies: (i) load tracking, (ii) cycle load, and (iii) combined dispatch. The location of the case study is in a rural community in Ecuador whose load profile is 17 kW. By utilizing HOMER software, optimization for the HES was achieved with the Combined Dispatch strategy (CD) which presented the minimum levels in the net annual cost (NPC), initial capital, levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $ 90,073.10, $ 21,208 and $ 0.2016 / kWh, respectively. The conclusions offer a guide to consider the resources and generation combination essential for the optimal operation of an island microgrid with different dispatch scenarios.
Optimal Planning Method of Integrated Energy System Considering Carbon Cost from the Perspective of the Whole Life Cycle
Authors: Bian Bin , Du Zhihuan , Zhou Kui , Huang Tao , Lv Fengbo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
China commits its goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060. The integrated energy system (IES) is one of the critical approaches to achieving the commitments. While the prevailing evaluation method for calculating the carbon emissions of IES neglected parts of factors influence, the result could not reflect the carbon emissions comprehensively. Considering the insufficiency above, in this paper, the evaluation method of carbon emission based on the whole life cycle of IES is proposed. First, based on the IES energy hub model, a typical park’s carbon emission model has been established. Then, the carbon emission coefficients of energy and equipment in production, transportation and operation are analysed, respectively. Hence, a low-carbon operation optimisation model of the IES is proposed. Later, with the lowest annual carbon emission of the integrated energy system as the optimisation target, the IES’s optimal carbon emission allocation and operation plan are proposed, based on the balance between energy supply and demand in the process of energy and equipment use and operation. As a result, the carbon emission of the IES of the park reduces effectively.
Variation of kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) habitat landscapes in South Kalimantan
Authors: Wahyuningtyas R S , Halwany W , Siswadi S , Hakim S S , Rahmanto B , Lestari F , Basiang H A , Alamsyah M S , Susianto A , Buwono D C , Suryanto E , Effendy M , Prianto E , Fahrudin  , Al Aqili I K , Warhamni  , Yusuf M , Suriani  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Honey production depends on the availability of the landscape as a habitat for producing bee’s food sources. The purpose of this study was to determine different landscapes as a habitat for kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) bees in producing honey from 5 different stingless bee locations. The research was conducted in three districts: Hulu Sungai Tengah, Hulu Sungai Selatan and Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province. This research was conducted to record the types of vegetation in each landscape, which can be divided into three categories; 1 location was a combination type of forest and garden (type 1), 2 locations was a combination type of settlement, shrub, and paddy fields (type 2), and 1 location was a combination type of settlement, plantation, and shrub (type 3). Each meliponiculture also recorded the honey production every month. The results showed that the farmers’ number of beehives was between 96 and 252 hives/farmer. The average production in the rainy season is 0.17 L hive-1year−1, and the dry season is 0.24 L hive−1year−1. Honey production per year for each location was as follows: location type 1 produces 1.59 L hive−1, location type 2 produces 1.85 L hive−1, and location type 3 produces 2.41 L hive−1. Plant identification results at each type of location showed that the number of species found at vegetation cover type 1, 2, and 3 was 116, 128, and 107 species, respectively. At the farms with vegetation cover types 2 and 3, many different flowering shrubs provide year-round forage for the stingless bee.
Identification and classification of cloud computing-based vegetation index values on several lands used in Bogor Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Aprilianti H S , Ari R A , Ranti A , Aslam M F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the threshold value classification from various vegetation types may help distinguish spectral reflectance differences in detailed land use studies. However, conducting all of the processes requires relatively large resources regarding manual computation, which could be surpassed by cloud computing. Unfortunately, in Bogor Regency, there is still a lack of research that studies the threshold value of various vegetation types related to forestry and plantation sectors. Land use categories were classified, and threshold values were determined, especially for selected vegetation types including teak, oil palm, rubber, pine, bamboo, and tea based on several vegetation indices in Bogor Regency using the Cloud-Computing platform. The data source was retrieved from 10-meters Sentinel-2 Satellite median imagery of January 2019 - June 2021. Land use maps were generated using Random Forest Algorithm from composite images. Meanwhile, the threshold value of each vegetation type was calculated from the average and standard deviation of NDVI, SAVI, EVI, ARVI, SLAVI, and GNDVI index. The result of the study showed forest and plantation area covers about 158,168.13 ha or 48.92 % of the study area. NDVI was found suitable to identify teak, SLAVI for rubber and pine, EVI for bamboo and tea, and GNDVI for oil palm vegetation.
Diversity of fig trees in a tropical urban residential area of Sentul City, Bogor, West Java
Authors: Mulyani Y A , Kusrini M D , Mardiastuti A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFig (Ficusspp.) trees have been known as keystone species in the tropics and provide food sources for various species. The study aimed to reveal the diversity of fig trees in a tropical urban residential area of Sentul City, Bogor, West Java, as a part of a bigger study on the wildlife-fig relationship. A purposively selected sample (270 ha of housing, boulevard) and allFicuswere censused. Data on species diversity, height, diameter, and fruiting stage were taken. There were 389Ficustrees, belonging to 10 species, namelyF. benjamina, F. binnendykii, F. caulocarpa, F. elastica, F. kurzii, F. lyrata, F. maclellandii, F. macrocarpa, F. septica,andF. variegata, of which two species (F. lyrataandF. maclellandii) were non-native species.Ficuswere planted as a border, roadsides, shading trees, or ornament. Based on the number of individuals, the most common species wasF. benjamina(63.75%), followed byF. kurzii(14.4%) andF. lyrata(9.5%). As theF. benjaminacan grow big, only about half (56.4%) were in full tree condition, while the rest were pruned (15.5%), trimmed (14.7%), or cut off (13.4%). This study showed that the diversity of fig trees in residential areas of Sentul City, Bogor is affected by the area’s management.
Vegetation distribution analysis of green open space in Binjai Timur, North Sumatera Province using normalized difference vegetation index
Authors: Zaitunah A , Samsuri  , Hidayat N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As the city grows, more and more vegetated land is converted to non-vegetated land. This also occurred at Binjai, a city in the North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to examine the urban vegetation cover and its changes between 2015 and 2019. The research was carried out in Binjai Timur, which is one of Binjai’s sub-districts. The distribution of vegetation density was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value classification. The decrease in the dense class to 10.08 percent was the most significant change in vegetation density class between 2015 and 2019. This was followed by an 8.87 percent increase in the high-density class. This indicates that there is an area with vegetation density increased from lower density to high density. The district has green open spaces in the form of a neighborhood park, cemetery, sub-district park, greenbelt along the road and river, and house yards, according to the field check. These green open spaces were located in low and medium-density areas. The findings suggest that planting trees in those locations and arrangement of vegetation within parks could improve its quality and function. For good quality of urban environments, it is optimizing the use of house yards as vegetated land and boosting green open space quality is required.
Spatio-temporal pattern of urban forest vegetation density, Medan Baru city, Indonesia
Authors: Samsuri  , Ginting C A B , Zaitunah A , Susilowati A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe growth of urban areas and the population generally requires the guarantee of a healthy and comfortable environment. The expansion of physical developments and urban areas, year after year, can no longer support human existence. In Indonesia, the city should have at least 10% of its surface area committed to private urban forest and 20% for public urban forest. Jakarta is Indonesia’s largest city, and has only 9.98% urban forest coverage. Medan Baru city is facing the same issue, as it continues to grow year after year. The population requires a comfortable environment, which includes safe drinking water and clean, fresh air. As a result, vegetation is an important component of Medan Baru sub-district that offers numerous benefits. It is necessary to conduct research on the analysis of vegetation density in the Medan Baru, using vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The research aimed to analyze vegetation density change and mapping the vegetation density of Medan Baru city. The research found the largest area was relatively dense vegetation, about 262.00 hectares (47.87%). The research also found a decrease in urban forest quality, indicated by an increase in the sparse density class of 41.90 hectares and a decrease in the relative-dense vegetation class with 51.65 hectares. This reduction of vegetation density will reduce the urban forest quality by influencing urban forest capability in absorbing carbon dioxide and alleviating the oxygen productivity volume. Areas with lower stand density must be considered in future urban development planning. Moreover, decrease in vegetation density and urban forest area should be a primary consideration in Medan urban forest management.
Identifying urban food trees in campus green spaces
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Susilowati A , Harahap M M , Iswanto A H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The environmental impact of food is one of the drivers of cities’ growing interest in the developed food system in urban areas, one of which is campus green space. Green spaces (GS) on campus accompany native trees, landscaping, and water features for nurturing wildlife and people in the surrounding campus. In addition, GS can provide food sources such as fruit, alternative food, seeds, and nuts. This study aims to identify food trees in 120 hectares of the University Sumatera Utara campus area through field inventory methods. Our research showed that 49 species belong to 18 families and 1536 individuals USU campus produce beneficial food for people surrounding campus, either fruit, nuts, and alternative food. Thus, we conclude that the university’s green space can support the urban area’s vision as food providers and ecological services for achieving urban sustainability. Furthermore, gathering and gleaning from green space provides opportunities for inhabitants to maintain urban resources and deeply interact with nature.
Carbon absorption capability of single-leaf and compound-leaf plants in the BNI Urban Forest, Banda Aceh
Authors: Daud M , Bustam BM , Harnelly E , Dharma W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The creation of Open Green Spaces is one of the options for mitigating the impact of global warming. In order to maximize the function of urban forests as carbon dioxide absorbers, plant species selection for urban forests must be considered. The goal of this study was to compare the ability of single-leaf and compound-leaved plants growing in urban forests to absorb carbon dioxide. Exploratory survey methods with purposive sampling were used. The single-leaf plant, B. asiatica (520 cm2), had the maximum leaf area, whereas the single-leaf species, M. elengi had the lowest leaf area (47.50 cm2). The plant with the highest water content in leaves was found in single-leaf plants, B. asiatica (ranging from 74.67 percent to 77.32 percent), while plant F.decipiens from the compound-leaf plant had the lowest water content (ranging from 44.34 percent to 46.14 percent). The plant with the highest percentage of carbohydrate mass at 06.00 am was M. elengi (531.63 percent), and the plant with the lowest percentage of carbohydrate mass was P.indicus (211.15 percent). At 11 am, the compound-leaf plant S.mahogani (496.76 percent) had the largest percentage of carbohydrate mass, B.asiatica had the lowest (289.29 percent). B.asiatica had the most carbon dioxide absorption per leaf area per hour (g/leaf/hour), whereas S. mahogany had the lowest. S.mahogani (32.514 Å) had the highest chlorophyll concentration in the 06.00 am sample, while P.indicus had the highest chlorophyll concentration in the 11.00 am sample (42.440 Å).
Fragmented urban areas: Can plants encourage birds in Jambi City urban space?
Authors: Novriyanti N , Ihsan I , Irawan B , Wulan C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to estimate the extent to which vegetation can encourage the presence of birds in the urban city area. Forest area, urban plantation, grove area, and residential area are The Muhammad Sabki Urban Forest location for bird and plant observed in some circular plots (r=25 m) in the morning and afternoon. Bird directly and identified using a field guide and marked plant species immediately identified using the Plantamor website. The data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), The Margalef Index (Dmg), and some using Correlative and regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 28. The results obtained 23 species and a total of 534 individual birds from all observed urban space habitats. All Shannon-Wiener Index (H’) values in each studied habitat type showed a moderate diversity level and low species richness (Dmg). There are 22 plant species that have been identified as places of bird activity. Correlation analysis of the number of plant species on bird species and the number of bird species on bird individuals shows a strong relationship. However, regression analysis shows that the partially analyzed variables have no significant effect, so additional values are needed from other factors.
Growth performance of eucalypts and acacia seedling under elevated CO2 load in the changing environment
Authors: Novriyanti E , Watanabe M , Mao Q , Takayoshi K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Acacia and Eucalypt are important species in the global forest plantations. The resilience of those species under the changing environment would define their significance in the dynamic of forest plantation. This study was aimed to provide information on the growth performance of two acacias and two eucalypts seedlings under elevated CO2 concentrations. The seedlings of A. auriculiformis, A. mangium, E. camadulensis, and E. urophylla were subjected to two levels of CO2 and two levels of nutrient supply in the FACE system in Sapporo Experimental Forest, Japan. The eucalypts showed significantly higher growth performance than the acacias. The nutrient addition significantly increased the growth, yet the CO2 and interaction between CO2 and nutrients were not significantly different. LMA was not significantly affected by the elevated CO2 and nutrient addition. Although nutrients significantly affected the C/N in the eucalypts, they showed no different effect on the acacias. As expected, Nmass and Narea were higher in the acacia than those in the eucalypts, although no significant responses were shown to elevated CO2 and nutrient addition. The tested acacia and eucalypts showed relatively insensitivity to elevated CO2. Thus they might possess resilience capacity under the keep increasing level of the atmospheric CO2 concentration.
The pattern of germination of teak mistletoe seeds in relation with parasitism
Authors: Muttaqin Z , Sri W B , Basuki W , Siregar I Z , Corryanti  
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this research are to test the initial viability and germination pattern of teak mistletoe seeds, namelyDendrophthoe pentandraandMacrosolen tetragonusin associated with parasitism. Research results showed that the pattern ofD. pentandragermination was different from that ofM. tetragonus. The germination process ofD. pentandrashowed incomplete development of germination morphology, marked by an absence of development or growth of hypocotyl and cotyledon. Parasitism was more dominant inD. pentandra, supported by the fact that the sum of mean germination day (RH) in the stem of teak seedling was faster (17.54±2.77 days), as compared with that ofM. tetragonus(35.13±1.76 days), although mortality ofM. tetragonusseedlings was very low (±3%), whereas that ofD. pentandrawas fairly high (±34%). It was related to the life cycle ofM. tetragonus, which was longer than that ofD. pentandra. In the attachment of seeds in the standing tree stems, it was proven that the germination percentage (%K) ofD. pentandra(38.5%) was higher than that ofM. tetragonus(11.1%). Seed germination ofD. pentandrafrom bird feces also showed that %K (46.4%) was higher than seed attachment in tree stem, includingM.tetragonus.It was supposed that there was a correlation between the easiness of germination and parasitism character in teak mistletoes. It was considered that parasitism ofD. pentandrawas more prominent than that ofM. tetragonusin a teak host.
UFMonev application design for managing urban forest data and information
Authors: Christiani N , Hidayat Y , Sutrisno  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fallen tree incidents in urban areas are frequently reported and often result in loss of property and even death. Therefore, tree health monitoring in urban forests needs to be carried out regularly. The tree health monitoring and evaluation (monev) requires a large amount of time, money, and labor, while the availability is very limited. This condition leads to the lack of tree health monitoring in the urban forest. Up to now, monev activities and reports are still conducted traditionally by using pen and paper. This method has many shortcomings such as ineffectiveness and inefficiency during monev and less engagement of the results. To solve this problem, the method must be modified in a new approach that is relevant to today’s era of Industry 4.0, namely the Internet of Things. This study aims to overcome the shortcomings by designing a Management Information System (MIS) named UFMonev. UFMonev was developed by prototyping method using kodular. Analysis in the information system was carried out by assessing the physical condition of the tree. UFMonev was built in the form of an application that is operated via a smartphone. This application can only be accessed by the party responsible for managing trees in urban areas.
Eucalyptus forest plantation assessment of vegetation health using satellite remote sensing techniques
Authors: Razali S M , Lion M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Early examination of the water condition of the plants utilizing remote sensing technology can be used to assess the health of the vegetation in the Eucalyptus forest plantation. To preserve a sustainable wood supply and wooded region that is necessary to human life and vital wood supplies, the forested region should be protected from disease and environmental damage. Disease and environmental impacts are two of the most critical challenges in Eucalyptus forest management. To calculate the vegetation index and identify land cover in the research region, remote sensing with Catalyst Professional software based on Object Analyst (OBIA) tools was utilized. The NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is a valuable index for assessing early vegetation health. For atmospheric correction and haze removal, the image was first pre-processed with ATCOR tools. Second, the image was converted to NDVI using algorithm library tools. In addition, for land cover classification in the area, an OBIA based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) was utilized, followed by an accuracy assessment. Using ArcGIS software, zonal statistics were used to calculate the NDVI value for each land cover category. According to the method, the map produced roads, plantations, buildings, low-density vegetation, oil palm, and open area classifications. Based on accuracy assessment in OBIA, plantation, oil palm, and open area were all 100% accurate, whereas low-density vegetation and oil palm were 100% accurate according to the user. Producer accuracy was lowest on roads, whereas user accuracy was lowest in open areas. Non-vegetated land is difficult to classify at this site, according to the accuracy assessment results. The map improved accuracy since the study used a lower segmentation scale factor of 50, which produced fine vectors ascribed for classification. The average NDVI for oil palm area was 0.71, and 0.69 for plantation. Because it was difficult to classify open areas and roads, the NDVI for the class was low, at 0.37 and 0.22, respectively. From land use classification, the plantation was classified (37%), low-density vegetation area (28%), and oil palm (21%). Others make up only 2 to 7% of the site’s overall area. According to the study, NDVI is a useful indicator for assessing the health of vegetation in areas where NDVI values are larger than 0.70 and presents pf mixed landscape and non-vegetated features. A higher NDVI value implies that the plant is in good enough shape to conduct photosynthetic activities thus producing biomass for sustaining vegetation health. This type of inquiry can forecast more indices to produce higher accuracy of land use maps for the Eucalyptus plantation. At the same time, this type of research can assist forest managers in detecting large areas in their plantation for vegetation health assessment such as for early disease detection.