bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Molecular Mechanisms of JTW in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Depression Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Tang Yueheng , Su Hao , Lu Fuer , Nie Kexin , Wang Zhi , Wang Hongzhan , Huang Wenya , Dong Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression is increasing year by year around the world, bringing a serious burden to patients and their families. As a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) has obvious hypoglycemic and antidepressant effects, but its specific targets and mechanisms are still unclear.Methods: The active compounds and corresponding targets of JTW were screened by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM). The GeneCards, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), the DrugBank and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) were used to collect targets of DM and depression. After sorting out the intersection targets of drugs and diseases, the Cytoscape software was used to perform a "Drug-Compounds-Targets-Disease (D-C-T-D)" network to analyze the active compounds of JTW, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the STRING database to screen and analyze the key target proteins. Finally, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the intersection targets were carried out by the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID). Results: 28 active compounds and 484 corresponding targets of JTW, 1407 DM targets and 1842 depression targets were collected by screening the above databases, and a total of 117 targets were obtained after taking the intersection. JTW plays a role in reducing blood glucose level and antidepressant mainly through active compounds such as quercetin, styrene, cinnamic acid, ethyl cinnamate, (R)-Canadine, palmatine and berberine, etc., the key targets of its therapeutic effect include insulin (INS), protein kinase B1 (AKT1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and so on, mainly involved in HIF-1 signal pathway, pathways in cancer, Hepatitis B, TNF signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, etc.Conclusion: In this paper, the possible mechanism of JTW on DM and depression was explored by network pharmacology, reflecting the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for the experimental research and clinical application of JTW in the future.
Improving User Equipment Privacy using Non-Redundant Traffic Authentication Scheme in 5G Networks
Authors: P Sakthibalan , K Devarajan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
End-to-end authentication is a critical necessity in 5G networks due to increasing device demands and autonomously transmitted user data. A difficult problem in obtaining shared information is the lack of data-related characteristics and the communicating network. Furthermore, due to the network's lack of traceability and handoff, managing protection for the created data is impractical. The non-redundant traffic authentication scheme (NRTAS) is proposed with the aim of authenticating data sources and contact traffic through active user equipment. This scheme provides more efficient non-replicated authentication by classifying traffic based on its errors. Using a differential private key, the classified traffic is authenticated in a linear or discrete way. The suggested scheme's mechanism is tailored to all of the available contact slots, increasing the likelihood of success. Non-redundant authentication eliminates information sharing overhead while simultaneously achieving the shortest access time and response delay.
Potential habitat and productivity loss of Populus deltoides industrial forest plantations due to global warming
Authors: Sun Jiejie , Jiao Wenxing , Wang Qian , Wang Tongli , Yang Hongqiang , Jin Jiaxin , Feng Huili , Guo Jiahuan , Feng Lei , Xu Xia , Wang Weifeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Risk Factor Analysis for Above-knee Amputation in Patients With Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Knee: a Case-control Study
Authors: Eckers Franziska , Laux Christoph J. , Schaller Sebastian , Berli Martin , Achermann Yvonne , Fucentese Sandro F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication following knee arthroplasty. Therapeutic strategies comprise a combination of surgical and antibiotic treatment modalities and aim to eradicate the infection. Sometimes control of the disease can only be attained by above-knee amputation (AKA). While a vast amount of literature exists illuminating predisposing factors for PJI, risk factors favoring the endpoint AKA in this context are sparsely known. Methods: The purpose of this investigation was to delineate whether patients with PJI of the knee present specific risk factors for AKA. In a retrospective case-control study 11 cases of PJI treated with AKA were juxtaposed to 57 cases treated with limb salvage (LS). The minimum follow-up was two years. Comorbidities, signs and symptoms of the current infection, factors related to previous surgeries and the implant, microbiology, as well as therapy related factors were recorded. Comparative analysis was performed using student’s t-test, chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Binary differences were calculated using odds ratio (OR). Reoperation frequency was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. In-depth descriptive analysis of 11 amputees was carried out. Results: A total of 68 cases aged 71±11.2 years were examined, hereof 11 with AKA and 57 with LS. Severe comorbidities (p=0.009), alcohol abuse (p=0.015), and preoperative anemia (p=0.022) were more frequently associated with AKA. Preoperative anemia was found in all 11 amputees (100%) and in 33 of 57 LS patients (58%) with an average preoperative hemoglobin of 99.9±15.1 g/dl compared to 118.2±19.9 g/dl (p=0.011). No other parameters differed significantly. AKA patients underwent a median of eight (range 2-24) reoperations, LS patients a median of five (range 2-15).Conclusion: Factors potentially influencing the outcome of knee PJI are diverse. The indication of AKA in this context remains a rarity and a case-by-case decision. Patient-intrinsic systemic factors such as alcohol abuse, severe comorbidities and preoperative anemia may elevate the individual risk for AKA in the setting of PJI. We recommend that anemia, being a condition well amenable to therapeutic measures, should be given special consideration in management of PJI patients. Trial registration: This study was registered with Kantonale Ethikkommission Zürich, (BASEC-No. 2016-01048).
Fuzzy Balanced Allocation Problem with Efficiency on Servers
Authors: Azodi Azam , Fathali Jafar , Ghiyasi Mojtaba , Sayar Tahereh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the problem of allocation customers to servers with regards to some fuzzy parameters. In this problem each customer is allocated to the nearest server, and assignment of a customer to a server involves the cost to the customer, which is due to the customer's fuzzy distance to the server. Each server has a fuzzy efficiency which is calculated by the data envelopment analysis method with fuzzy parameters. The higher efficiency of the server to which a customer is assigned, cause more profit for the customer. The goal is allocation of all customers to the servers such that the profitability of the least profits for the customers is maximized. In addition, to prevent queuing in some servers, we consider the balancing on allocation customers to the servers. Therefore, the second goal is minimizing the difference between the maximum and minimum number of customers that are assigned to different servers. A fuzzy bi-objective programming model is presented for the problem, then two fuzzy approaches are proposed for solving this model.
Do Black Lives Matter in the American Public’s Mitigation Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Mask Wearing and Racial/ethnic Disparities in Deaths from COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Franz Berkeley , Milner Adrienne , Braddock Jomills H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Anti-black and anti-Hispanic attitudes in the U.S. must be included in efforts to understand resistance to public health measures, such as mask wearing, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the structural and individual context of racism will enable us to improve public health and better prepare for future public health challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mask usage, racial segregation, and racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths.Methods: We used linear regression to assess whether the racial/ethnic composition of deaths and residential segregation predicted Americans’ decisions to wear masks in July 2020. Results: After controlling for mask mandates, mask usage increased when the White death rates relative to Black and Hispanic rates increased. Conclusions: Mask wearing may be shaped by an insensitivity to Black and Hispanic deaths and a corresponding unwillingness to engage in health protective behaviors. The broader history of systemic racism and residential segregation may also explain why white Americans do not wear masks or perceive themselves to be at risk when communities of color are disproportionately affected by COVID-19.
Stabilization of Energy Level Sets of Underactuated Mechanical Systems Exploiting Impulsive Braking
Authors: Kant Nilay , Mukherjee Ranjan , Khalil Hassan K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recent investigations of underactuated systems have demonstrated the benefits of control inputs that are impulsive in nature. Here we consider the problem of stabilization of energy level sets of underactuated systems exploiting impulsive braking. We consider systems with one passive degree-of-freedom (DOF) and the energy level set is a manifold where the active coordinates are fixed and the mechanical energy equals some desired value. A control strategy comprised of continuous inputs and intermittent impulsive braking inputs is presented. The generality of the approach is shown through simulation of a three-DOF Tiptoebot; the feasibility of implementation of impulsive control using standard hardware is demonstrated using a rotary pendulum.
Governing Industry Involvement in the Non-Communicable Disease Response in Kenya
Authors: Buender Tobias , Wirtz Veronika J. , Karekezi Catherine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), multinational companies have become increasingly involved in addressing public health challenges. Dealing with companies as partners in health sector development creates new challenges for governments. We sought to develop an approach to assess the existence and effectiveness of governance structures that can ensure that industry-led public health initiatives contribute to development.MethodsWe developed a governance assessment tool based on the principles of the Paris Declaration for Aid Effectiveness and other related agreements. We applied it to the case of pharmaceutical companies’ involvement in the Kenyan response to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We gathered data for analysis through 46 stakeholder interviews and reviewing documents.ResultsThe Kenyan government has informal norms in place regarding program governance and strategy, but it has yet to issue formal regulations. While enabling elements exist that support initiatives to develop in alignment with these norms, implementation is often hindered by a lack of resources. Currently, broad stakeholder support for filling these gaps has created a window of opportunity for action.ConclusionThe application of the proposed assessment tool illustrates its viability for assisting companies and governments alike in defining governance needs for industry-led public health initiatives. Our findings in Kenya provide example considerations for LMICs working to integrate industry-led public health programs into the health system. Bilateral and multilateral donors also have important roles in strengthening LMICs capacities to govern multinational corporations’ contributions to NCDs in particular and development in general.
MiR-548ac Inhibits Wnt5a Expression and Promotes Proliferation of Glioma Cells Through the AKT/ERK Pathway
Authors: shan wen , Li Haonan , Lu Xu , Wu Xuting , Zhang Xinhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Glioma one of the most frequently occurring and lethal primary malignant tumors in adults. Micro (mi)RNAs) are a newly identified modulator involved in the occurrence and progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Previous studies found that miR-548ac had a role in suppressing laryngeal and breast cancer. This study investigated the role of mir-548ac in glioma progression.Methods: The function of miR-548ac was studied by stable knockdown or overexpression of miR-548ac in GBM cells. Luciferase reporter constructs were used to investigate the correlation between Wnt5a and miR-548ac. Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell, and colony formation assays were used to investigate Wnt5a and miR-548ac activity in glioma cells. Flow cytometry was used to describe the cell cycle. Xenograft experiments were used to evaluate tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Western blotting was used to assess the function of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Results: Downregulation of miR-548ac promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion during GBM progression. Silencing of miR-548ac promoted expression of Wnt5a, a direct target of miR-548ac, which plays an oncogenic role in glioblastoma stem cells. Inhibiting the expression of Wat5a partially rescued the consequences of increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion caused by miR-548ac. Tumor growth was suppressed by Wnt5a knockdown in vivo.Conclusions: miR-548ac suppressed GBM progression by targeting Wnt5a. The miR-548ac/Wnt5a axis may be a new potential strategy for glioma therapy.
Proposal of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for the Osseus: An Equipment for the Aid of Diagnosis of Osteometabolic Diseases
Authors: Pinheiro Bruno , Campos Antônio Luiz , Carvalho Dionísio Dias , Cruz Agnaldo , Valentim Ricardo Alexsandro , Veras Nicolas Vinícius , Santos João Paulo dos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundApplications on electromagnetic waves in the field of biotelemetry have increased in the latest years, being used to prevent, diagnose, and treatment of several diseases. In this context, biotelemetry allows minimally invasive monitoring of the physiologic, improving the comfort and patient care and significantly reducing hospital costs. Aiming to assist the mineral bone density classification, through a radio frequency signal (RF), for a later diagnosis of osteoporosis, Osseus was proposed in 2018. This equipment is a combination of the application of techniques and concepts of several areas such as software, electrical, electronic, computational, and biomedical engineering, developed at a low cost, with easy access to the population, and non-invasive. However, when placed on evaluation, potential improvements were identified to increase the stability of Osseus operation.ResultsIt is proposed the implementation of improvements in the antennas used by Osseus, aiming its miniaturization, improvement in the reception of the RF signal, and better stability of the equipment's operation. ConclusionTwo antennas were then built, one of which was used as a project for the second, which is an array. The array showed significant improvements in the parameters relevant to the application, being a candidate to replace the antennas currently in use at Osseus.
Temporal Dynamics of Greenhouse Gas Flux of Warm Temperate Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Ecosystem Soil in North China
Authors: Wan Wuxing , Zhang Shuai , Li Jie , Gao Yiqin , Feng Meiqi , Wang Xiaoke 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: According to the WMO's (World Meteorological Organization) Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (2019), the fastest increase atmospheric concentrations of the three main greenhouse gases has been detected in the past 20 years. Researchers have paid more and more attention to the problem of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Among the studies, people focus much more on grassland ecosystem than that of forest ecosystem，which has a more important effect on the emission and absorption of greenhouse gases. Estimating the impact of forest ecosystem on greenhouse effect in China is of great significance. Methods: 6 deciduous broad-leaved forest communities with similar elevation, slope orientations and slope gradient in Wuling Mountain National Natural Reserve are employed to conduct the GHG flux study. Five 50cm×50cm square stainless-steel bases are set in the study site by mechanical spot arrangement method to sample the GHG. The environmental temperature and soil moisture content is measured every sampling time. Static chamber-gas chromatograph method is adopted to examine the greenhouse gas fluxes of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O. Results and conclusions: The GHG flux of CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 in the Warm Temperate Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Ecosystem has great relationship with environmental temperature and soil water content. GHG flux varies with seasons. Among them, the CH 4 flux shows the character of source or sink in different seasons. The other 2 are always the source of GHG flux during the study period. The peak value of CO 2 is in summer and that of N 2 O in March. The flux of CH 4 shows the feature of source in April and sink in other seasons. The peak value of sink comes in late July. The flux of CO 2 has the greatest relationship with the soil temperature 5cm below the ground surface and the flux of N 2 O has the greatest relationship with the soil water content. The relationship between CH 4 flux and the environmental temperature or the soil water content is complex.
Complete loss of CASK causes severe ataxia through cerebellar degeneration
Authors: Patel Paras , Hegert Julia , Cristian Ingrid , Kerr Alicia , LaConte Leslie , Fox Michael , Srivast Sarika , Mukherjee Konark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Heterozygous loss of X-linked genes like CASK and MeCP2 (Rett syndrome) causes neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in girls, while in boys loss of the only allele of these genes leads to profound encephalopathy. The cellular basis for these disorders remains unknown. CASK is presumed to work through the Tbr1-reelin pathway in neuronal migration.Methods: Here we report clinical and histopathological analysis of a deceased 2-month-old boy with a CASK-null mutation. We first analyze in vivo data from the subject including genetic characterization, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and spectral characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG). We next compare features of the cerebellum to an-age matched control. Based on this, we generate a murine model where CASK is completely deleted from post-migratory neurons in the cerebellum.Results: Although smaller, the CASK-null human brain exhibits normal lamination without defective neuronal differentiation, migration, or axonal guidance, excluding the role of reelin. The hypoplastic cerebellum instead displayed astrogliosis, a marker for neuronal loss. We therefore hypothesized that cerebellar hypoplasia with CASK loss is a result of early neurodegeneration. Data from our murine model confirm that a small cerebellum in the context of CASK-loss results from post-developmental degeneration of cerebellar granule neurons. We further demonstrate that at least in the cerebellum the functional loss with CASK deletion results secondary to degeneration of granule cells rather that any acute molecular functional loss of CASK. Intriguingly, female mice with heterozygous deletion of CASK in the cerebellum did not display any neurodegeneration.Conclusions: Herein we demonstrate in human that complete loss of CASK is not associated with any dysfunction in the Tbr1-reelin pathway. Further, immunohistochemistry indicates a degenerative cell death which is mechanistically confirmed in our murine model. In the absence of CASK in cerebellar cells, the cerebellum develops normally but degenerates over a period of several weeks. We suggest that NDDs like CASK mutation and Rett syndrome are pathologically neurodegenerative; however, random X-chromosome inactivation in the heterozygous mutant girls results in 50% of cells expressing the functional gene, resulting in a non-progressive pathology, whereas complete loss of the only allele in boys leads to unconstrained degeneration and encephalopathy.
The Role of Community Re-entry Program (CRP) in Strengthening the Effectiveness of Conventional Psychiatric Treatment on Therapeutic Outcomes During Hospitalization, in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghahestany Davood Arab , Borjali Ahmad , Sohrabi Faramarz , Delavar Ali , Rezaei Omid , Abbasi Atefeh , Darabi Fatemeh Karimi , Khorrami Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Considering the many problems of conventional psychiatric therapies in the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders especially schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of CRP in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders during the acute phase hospitalization of these patients.Methods: We evaluated the role of (CRP) in strengthening the effectiveness of Conventional psychiatric treatment on the number of visits to the nursing station, PRN received, physical restraint(s) and the exact date of hospitalization and discharge of patients during hospitalization, in patients with Schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The Interventional method was Community Re-entry Program (CRP), in combination with conventional psychiatric treatment in the experimental group, while the patients in the control group received only conventional psychiatric treatment. Measurement Performed using demographic information questionnaire, and Positive and Negative syndrome Scale. Then the collected information and data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially.Results: The results of this study showed that use of CRP in combination with conventional psychiatric treatment was more effective in reducing positive and negative syndrome, as well as the frequency of receiving PRN and physical restraint compared to conventional psychiatric treatment alone. However, the observed decrease in hospitalization duration and the rate of adhesion in the experimental group was not statistically significant.Conclusion: These results indicate that the implementation of CRP as an adjunctive therapeutic method, can increase the effectiveness of conventional psychiatric treatment used in therapeutic centers for patients with severe psychiatric disorders, leads to better treatment outcomes for these patients, and increases the social adjustment and sustainability of these patients in society; a finding that is consistent with new therapeutic theories of these patients, experiences of expert clinicians and the findings of research on improving of therapeutic approaches to severe psychiatric disorders.Trial registration: The study has been approved by the Ethical Review Board of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR.USWR.REC.1396.150).