Increasing consensus on terminology of Achilles tendon-related disorders
Authors: Opdam K. T. M. , Zwiers R. , Wiegerinck J. I. , van Dijk C. N. ,   Ankleplatform Study Collaborative –Science of Variation Group, Topliss C. , Gaspar A. R. , Moreno N. , Puttaraju A. , Lau Y. J. , Grauls A. , Nery C. , Mora A. D. , Tsoukas D. , Spanos I. , Koukoulias N. , Lijoi F. , Yasui Y. , Guzenko D. , van Sterkenburg M. , Zbikowski P. , Sadlik B. , Carvalho M. Santos , Rasovic P. , Stevanovic V. , Blasco C. , Yordi N. Atallah , Batista J. , Stoffel C. Lucca , Júnior N. Gomes , Martinez F. , Leblanc J. M. , Pánics G. , Varghese S. , Rajagopalan S. , Gavaskar A. , Marmotti A. , Kimtys V. , Hajduk G. , Ferrao P. , Hemmingsson P. , Golovakha M. , Lahoti O. , Davenport J. , Mcwilliam J. , van Gompel G. , Krappel F. , Zhu Y. , Antoniades G. , Santos F. Flores , Batibay S. G. , Verfaillie S. , Brandão J. , de Souza A. L. Rocha , Vuldzhev M. , Xiang D. , Aragon O. Castro , Bojanic I. , Rakovac I. , Haapasalo H. , Toom A. , Plaaß C. , Baacke M. , Waizy H. , Dreiangel N. , Palmanovich E. , Martinelli N. , Ortolani A. , Sicchiero P. , Sasahara J. , Gomez-Carlin L. , Kerkhoffs G. , van Bergen C. , Bulstra G. , Andersen M. , Wojciech A. , Boszczyk A. , Martinho G. , Vide J. , Sousa M. , Sorokin E. , Lansdaal J. , Al-Nammari S. , Syed T. , Upadhyay V. , Bissell I. , Dunning M. , Ajis A. , Rudge B. , Pinheiro M. , del Vecchio J. , Freihaut R. , Brown C. , Van den Bogaert M. , Dinato M. Cesar Mattos e , Filho M. Viana Pereira , Bustamante C. , Kalb J. , Nikolopoulos D. , Hatziemmanuil D. , Symeonidis P. , Vasilakakos T. , Thorvardarson T. , Walsh J. , Favilli G. , Guidi P. , Abdulsalam S. , Spennacchio P. , van den Bekerom M. , Bertz A. , Liszka H. , Pereira H. , Ramos A. , Marinescu R. , Azevedo J. , Engvall A. , Cserhati G. , Sghaier B. , Aiyenuro O. , Marquis C. , Barwick T. , Gross C. , Pereira E. , Pasters V. , Monteagudo M. , Orduña-Moncusí M. , Burtt S. , Chandrashekar S. , Shalaby H. , Thomas R. , Kurup H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Aims of this study are to evaluate the current terminology and assess the influence of the latest proposals on the terminology used for Achilles tendon-related disorders in both daily practice and literature.

Methods
(1) All orthopedic surgeons experienced in the field of foot and ankle surgery of the Ankleplatform Study Group were invited to participate in this survey by email. They were requested to fill out a survey on terminology in six typical cases with Achilles tendon-related disorders. (2) A systematic literature search of Achilles tendon-related disorders was performed in eight foot and ankle journals in Medline, Embase (Classic) from 2000 to 2016. All extracted terms were counted and compared to the terminology proposals, based on anatomic location, symptoms, clinical findings and histopathology.

Results
(1) In total, 141 of the 283 (50%) orthopedic surgeons responded to the survey. In five out of six cases with Achilles tendon-related disorders, the majority gave an answer according to latest proposals. (2) An overview of terminology used for Achilles tendon-related disorders from 2000 to 2016 shows an increase in use of terminology according to the latest proposals based on anatomic location, symptoms, clinical findings and histopathology.

Conclusion
The revised terminology for Achilles tendon-related disorders based on anatomic location, symptoms, clinical findings and histopathology is used by the majority of orthopedic surgeons and is increasingly used in the literature. However, the indistinct Haglund eponyms are still frequently used in Achilles tendon-related terminology.

Level of evidence
Level IV.