bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-CURVING AS A SAFEGUARD AGAINSTP-HACKING IN SLA RESEARCH
Authors: Lindstromberg Seth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is important to be able to identify research results likely to have been arrived at by means of “p-hacking,” a common term for research and reporting practices (such as the selective reporting of results) that are biased toward findingp< α. This paper discusses and demonstrates “p-curving,” a means of checking a set of primary studies within a specific research stream for signs ofp-hacking. A salient feature ofp-curving is that it is based entirely on significantp-values. Because of the potential usefulness ofp-curving and because it has been little used by SLA researchers, a case study illustrates the construction and analysis of ap-curve as a complement to meta-analysis. The focalp-curve in this study relates to published (quasi)experimental studies that addressed the research hypothesis that for low and middle proficiency learners L1 glosses facilitate vocabulary learning during reading better than L2 glosses do.
VISUAL WORD RECOGNITION IN BILINGUALS
Authors: Freeman Max R. , Marian Viorica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA bilingual’s language system is highly interactive. When hearing a second language (L2), bilinguals access native-language (L1) words that share sounds across languages. In the present study, we examine whether input modality and L2 proficiency moderate the extent to which bilinguals activate L1 phonotactic constraints (i.e., rules for combining speech sounds) during L2 processing. Eye movements of English monolinguals and Spanish–English bilinguals were tracked as they searched for a target English word in a visual display. On critical trials, displays included a target that conflicted with the Spanish vowel-onset rule (e.g., spa), as well as a competitor containing the potentially activated “e” onset (e.g., egg). The rule violation was processed either in the visual modality (Experiment 1) or audio-visually (Experiment 2). In both experiments, bilinguals with lower L2 proficiency made more eye movements to competitors than fillers. Findings suggest that bilinguals who have lower L2 proficiency access L1 phonotactic constraints during L2 visual word processing with and without auditory input of the constraint-conflicting structure (e.g., spa). We conclude that the interactivity between a bilingual’s two languages is not limited to words that share form across languages, but also extends to sublexical, rule-based structures.
Remarks about inhomogeneous pair correlations
Authors: RAMÍREZ FELIPE A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven an infinite subset
$\mathcal{A} \subseteq\mathbb{N}$
, let A denote its smallest N elements. There is a rich and growing literature on the question of whether for typical
$\alpha\in[0,1]$
, the pair correlations of the set
$\alpha A (\textrm{mod}\ 1)\subset [0,1]$
are asymptotically Poissonian as N increases. We define an inhomogeneous generalisation of the concept of pair correlation, and we consider the corresponding doubly metric question. Many of the results from the usual setting carry over to this new setting. Moreover, the double metricity allows us to establish some new results whose singly metric analogues are missing from the literature.
The United States Navy, Slave-Trade Suppression, and State Development
Authors: ERICSON DAVID F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mission of the United States Navy expanded significantly because of the presence of the institution of racial slavery on American soil. Most important, both proslavery and antislavery forces favored, for very different reasons, a substantial naval buildup in the late 1850s. The navy had, however, long been engaged in securing the nation’s borders against slave smuggling, an activity that also seemed to have broad support at the time. Finally, somewhat more controversially, the navy had been associated with the American Colonization Society’s Liberian enterprise from its very inception, deciding to deploy vessels to Africa in an otherwise unimaginable time frame. The relationship between the presence of slavery and the pre–Civil War activities of the navy is a largely untold—or, at best, half-told—story of American state development.
Multimodal assessment of sustained threat in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury
Authors: Başgöze Zeynep , Mirza Salahudeen A. , Silamongkol Thanharat , Hill Dawson , Falke Conner , Thai Michelle , Westlund Schreiner Melinda , Parenteau Anna M. , Roediger Donovan J. , Hendrickson Timothy J. , Mueller Bryon A. , Fiecas Mark B. , Klimes-Dougan Bonnie , Cullen Kathryn R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common but poorly understood phenomenon in adolescents. This study examined the Sustained Threat domain in female adolescents with a continuum of NSSI severity (N = 142). Across NSSI lifetime frequency and NSSI severity groups (No + Mild NSSI, Moderate NSSI, Severe NSSI), we examined physiological, self-reported and observed stress during the Trier Social Stress Test; amygdala volume; amygdala responses to threat stimuli; and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Severe NSSI showed a blunted pattern of cortisol response, despite elevated reported and observed stress during TSST. Severe NSSI showed lower amygdala–mPFC RSFC; follow-up analyses suggested that this was more pronounced in those with a history of suicide attempt for both moderate and severe NSSI. Moderate NSSI showed elevated right amygdala activation to threat; multiple regressions showed that, when considered together with low amygdala–mPFC RSFC, higher right but lower left amygdala activation predicted NSSI severity. Patterns of interrelationships among Sustained Threat measures varied substantially across NSSI severity groups, and further by suicide attempt history. Study limitations include the cross-sectional design, missing data, and sampling biases. Our findings highlight the value of multilevel approaches in understanding the complexity of neurobiological mechanisms in adolescent NSSI.
It takes two: An antenatal to postnatal RDoC framework for investigating the origins of maternal attachment and mother–infant social communication
Authors: DiPietro Janet A. , Kivlighan Katie T. , Voegtline Kristin M. , Costigan Kathleen A. , Moore Ginger A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransformation of the maternal–fetal relationship into the mother–infant relationship remains an enigmatic process. This progression is considered using a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) informed approach centered on domains of Arousal/Regulation, Positive/Negative Valence, and Social Processes. One hundred and fifty-eight maternal–fetal dyads began participation during pregnancy, maternal–infant dyads were followed at 6 months postpartum. Women exhibited stability in feelings of attachment to the fetus and infant, and in positive/negative appraisal of pregnancy and motherhood. Elicited maternal physiological arousal to emotionally evocative videos generated fetal heart rate variability and motor activity responses. Parasympathetic (i.e., heart rate variability) suppression in the fetus was associated with more positive and regulated infant social communication in the Face-to-Face Still Face protocol; suppression of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia was related to infant affect but in the opposite direction. Maternal ratings of infant temperament aligned with maternal antenatal affective valence. Attachment trajectories characterized by stability from antenatal to postnatal periods were most associated with maternal affective appraisal of pregnancy; shifts were influenced by infant characteristics and maternal sympathetic responsivity. Results illustrate how variation in arousal and regulatory systems of the pregnant woman and fetus operate within the context of maternal positive and negative valence systems to separately and jointly shape affiliation and temperament in early infancy.
SNAP participation and the health and health care utilisation of low-income adults and children
Authors: Miller Daniel P , Morrissey Taryn W 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:This article examined whether participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) produced changes to adult and child health and health care utilisation during a period of economic recession.Design:Instrumental variables analysis relying on variation in state SNAP policies to isolate exogenous variation in household SNAP participation.Setting:Nationally representative data on child and adult health from the 2008 to 2013 National Health Interview Survey.Participants:Participants were 92 237 adults and 45 469 children who were either eligible for SNAP based on household income and state eligibility rules or were low income but not eligible for SNAP benefits.Results:For adults, SNAP participation increased the probability of reporting very good or excellent health, and for both adults and children, reduced needing but having to go without dental care or eyeglasses. The size of these benefits was especially pronounced for children. However, SNAP participation increased the probability of needing but not being able to afford prescription medicine, and increased psychological distress for adults and behavioural problems for children under age 10.Conclusions:SNAP’s benefits for adult health and improved access to dental and vision care for adults and children suggest benefits from the program’s expansions during the current COVID-induced crisis. Predicted negative effects of SNAP participation suggest the need for attention to program and benefit structure to avoid harm and the need for continued research to explore the causal effects of program participation.
Trends and factors associated with the nutritional status of adolescent girls in Ghana: a secondary analysis of the 2003–2014 Ghana demographic and health survey (GDHS) data
Authors: Azupogo Fusta , Abizari Abdul-Razak , Aurino Elisabetta , Gelli Aulo , Osendarp Saskia JM , Bras Hilde , Feskens Edith JM , Brouwer Inge D 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:We examined the trends over time and the factors associated with malnutrition among adolescent girls in Ghana.Design:Cross-sectional analysis from 3 nationwide Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003 (n 983), 2008 (n 955) and 2014 (n 857). We used Cox proportional hazard models with sample weighting to model the prevalence ratio (PR) of malnutrition.Setting:Countrywide, covering rural and urban areas in Ghana.Participants:Non-pregnant adolescent girls aged 15–19 years.Results:Compared with 2003, thinness declined marginally (PR 0·88 (95 % CI 0·45, 1·73)) in 2008 and in 2014 (PR 0·71 (95 % CI 0·38, 1·56)). Stunting declined marginally by 19 % in 2008 (PR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·59, 1·12)), flattening out in 2014 (PR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·57, 1·17)). We found an increasing trend of overweight/obesity with the PR peaking in 2014 (PR 1·39 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·88)) compared to 2003. The anaemia prevalence remained severe without a clear trend. A low level of education of the adolescent girl was positively associated with stunting. Increasing age was positively associated with stunting but inversely associated with thinness and anaemia. Girls who ever bore a child were more likely to be anaemic compared to those who never did. A lower level of household wealth and a unit increase in household size was negatively associated with overweight/obesity. Urban dwelling girls were less likely to be stunted.Conclusions:The stagnant burden of under-nutrition and rising over-nutrition emphasise the need for double-duty actions to tackle malnutrition in all its forms in Ghanaian adolescent girls.
Regional education and wealth-related inequalities in malnutrition among women in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Sorif , Khudri Md Mohsan , Banik Rajon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectives:This paper examines the associations of socio-economic and demographic correlates with malnutrition among women and investigates education and wealth-related inequalities in malnutrition among women by region.Design:We utilise a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression model to evaluate the associations and employ the concentration, Wagstaff and Erreygers’s correction indices to measure socio-economic inequalities in malnutrition among women.Setting:Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data.Participants:Non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years.Results:We find evidence of a significant cluster effect in the data. Women’s age, marital status, total children ever born, education level, husband’s/partner’s education level, residence and wealth index appear to be significantly associated with women underweight and overweight/obesity status. Underweight status is higher among less-educated women and women from poor households, whereas overweight/obesity is more concentrated among higher educated women and women from wealthy households. The southwestern region of the country demonstrates lower education and wealth-related inequalities in malnutrition among women. In contrast, the central and the northeastern areas apparently experience the highest education and wealth-related inequalities in malnutrition among women. The regional differences in predicted probabilities of being underweight shrink at higher education level and the richest quintile, whereas the differences in overweight/obese diminish at the primary education level and lower quintile households.Conclusions:Our findings strengthen the evidence base for effective regional policy interventions to mitigate education and wealth-related inequalities in malnutrition among women. There is a need for developing regional awareness programmes and establishing regional monitoring cells to ensure proper health and nutrition facilities in underprivileged regions.
Lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults: evidence from an Australian birth cohort
Authors: Ushula Tolassa W , Lahmann Petra H , Mamun Abdullah , Wang William YS , Williams Gail M , Najman Jake M 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:Previous studies of sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults have primarily focused on physical activity and smoking, with inconclusive results. This study aims to examine the associations between a broader range of lifestyles of young adults and their patterns of food consumption.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Brisbane, Australia.Participants:The data set are from a long running birth cohort study which commenced in 1981. Details of dietary intake and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were from the 21-year follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) birth cohort. The effective cohort (n 2665, 57 % women) is of young adult offspring. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from self-reports.Results:Western and prudent dietary patterns were identified for the combined cohort of women and men using principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations between lifestyle variables and dietary patterns adjusting for potential confounders. Results from multivariable adjusted models showed that physical activity, watching TV and smoking were strongly associated with each dietary pattern; alcohol consumption and BMI showed weaker associations (P < 0·05 for all).Conclusions:Our study describes a clustering of unhealthy lifestyles in young adults. Young adults with unhealthy lifestyles less often adhere to a healthy prudent dietary pattern and more often an unhealthy Western pattern. Dietary preferences are enmeshed in a lifestyle matrix which includes physical activity, sedentary activity, smoking and alcohol consumption of young adults.
Intertemporal and intratemporal consumption smoothing at retirement: micro evidence from detailed spending and time use data
Authors: Been Jim , Goudswaard Kees 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing detailed spending and time use data from the Netherlands, this paper analyzes the causal effect of retirement on spending and time use decisions. Both total consumption and disaggregated consumption categories are considered. We do not find empirical evidence for drops in households' total non-durable spending at retirement. Our estimates suggest increases in spending at retirement on goods that are complementary to leisure, but no decreases in spending on goods that are replaceable by home production. The quantitative implication of our empirical results for the Life-Cycle Model is an intertemporal elasticity of substitution for leisure below unity.
Chemical Characteristics, Size Distributions, Molecular Composition, and Brown Carbon in South Asian Outflow to the Indian Ocean
Authors: Boreddy Suresh K. R. , Hegde Prashant , Aswini A. R. , Aryasree S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe transport of South Asian (SA) anthropogenic haze to the northern Indian Ocean (NIO) is often observed during winter, however, its chemical and molecular constituents are not well explored. To better address this problem, shipborne measurements of size‐resolved aerosol sampling were carried out over the northern and equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) for the quantification of aerosol composition (organic and inorganic) and molecular markers during the winter of 2018. The most striking outcome was the dominance of anthropogenic aerosols derived from biomass‐burning and combustion‐related emissions over the NIO during the SA outflow. Low‐level concentrations were noticed over the EIO where oceanic air mass was dominated. Organic carbon (OC), sea‐salts (Na+ and Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), and nitrates (NO3−) were enriched in the coarse mode (>2.0 µm) while elemental carbon (EC), water‐soluble OC, sulfates (SO42−), and potassium (K+) were abundant in fine mode (<2.0 µm) aerosols. Water‐soluble nitrogen aerosols showed a bimodal size distribution with a significant peak in fine mode. The molecular composition of organic aerosols (OAs) in PM1.1 was characterized by high abundances of sugars and lignin/resin products followed by hydroxy/polyacids and plasticizers. These results underscore that biomass‐burning emissions (BBEs), plastic combustions, and secondary anthropogenic aerosols are the leading sources of OAs in the SA outflow as further corroborated by the linear‐regression analysis between organic and inorganic marker compounds. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of organic (brown carbon; BrC) aerosols (MAEOC‐BrC‐365nm) was two times higher in SA outflow and largely contributed from BBEs as confirmed by the positive relationship with levoglucosan.
Isolated Peak of Oxygen Ion Fraction in the Post‐Noon Equatorial F‐Region: ICON and SAMI3/WACCM‐X
Authors: Park Jaeheung , Huba J. D. , Heelis Roderick , Englert Christoph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the equatorial region, the fraction of oxygen ions (O+) in the topside ionosphere contains information on the source altitude of the plasma, which is controlled, in part, by the vertical plasma motion in the F‐region. Previous studies on this topic are restricted by limited coverage of local time, latitude, and season, leaving a significant knowledge gap in the distribution of the topside ionospheric composition. In this study, we statistically investigate the O+ fraction measured by ICON/IVM over all the local time sectors and seasons at low‐/midlatitudes. For the first time, we have found that an isolated peak in the O+ fraction emerges in the post‐noon equatorial region. The peak is most prominent during equinoxes, while during solstices it is connected to the O+ fraction bulges in the local summer midlatitudes. Simulations with SAMI3 coupled with thermospheric parameters from WACCM‐X reproduce the peak of the O+ fraction. The post‐noon equatorial peak can be explained by the net vertical motion of plasma consisting of transports either parallel or perpendicular to geomagnetic field lines.
SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood–brain barrier accompanied with basement membrane disruption without tight junctions alteration
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhou Li , Bao Linlin , Liu Jiangning , Zhu Hua , Lv Qi , Liu Ruixue , Chen Wei , Tong Wei , Wei Qiang , Xu Yanfeng , Deng Wei , Gao Hong , Xue Jing , Song Zhiqi , Yu Pin , Han Yunlin , Zhang Yu , Sun Xiuping , Yu Xuan , Qin Chuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has been reported to show a capacity for invading the brains of humans and model animals. However, it remains unclear whether and how SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Herein, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was occasionally detected in the vascular wall and perivascular space, as well as in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) in the infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Moreover, the permeability of the infected vessel was increased. Furthermore, disintegrity of BBB was discovered in the infected hamsters by administration of Evans blue. Interestingly, the expression of claudin5, ZO-1, occludin and the ultrastructure of tight junctions (TJs) showed unchanged, whereas, the basement membrane was disrupted in the infected animals. Using an in vitro BBB model that comprises primary BMECs with astrocytes, SARS-CoV-2 was found to infect and cross through the BMECs. Consistent with in vivo experiments, the expression of MMP9 was increased and collagen IV was decreased while the markers for TJs were not altered in the SARS-CoV-2-infected BMECs. Besides, inflammatory responses including vasculitis, glial activation, and upregulated inflammatory factors occurred after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, our results provide evidence supporting that SARS-CoV-2 can cross the BBB in a transcellular pathway accompanied with basement membrane disrupted without obvious alteration of TJs.
Circβ-catenin promotes tumor growth and Warburg effect of gallbladder cancer by regulating STMN1 expression
Authors: Wang Shouhua , Su Tingting , Tong Huanjun , Zhou Di , Ma Fei , Ding Jun , Hao Yuan , Shi Weibin , Quan Zhiwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most malignant cancer of the biliary tract cancer and presents poor prognosis. CircRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of multiple stages in tumor progression. In the study, we first demonstrated that circular RNA circβ-catenin expression was upregulated in GBC tissues when compared to adjacent normal tissues and associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis in GBC patients. Silencing of circβ-catenin obviously suppressed GBC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro, but circβ-catenin overexpression had the opposite effects. In vivo, silencing of circβ-catenin inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, we also found that circβ-catenin promoted GBC cell lactate production, pyruvate production, ATP quantity, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), which suggested that circβ-catenin regulated Warburg effect in GBC. Mechanistic analysis further highlighted that circβ-catenin promoted Stathmin 1 (STMN1) expression through sponging miR-223 in GBC progression. In addition, knockdown of STMN1 inhibited cell growth and Warburg effect in GBC. In summary, our findings indicated that circβ-catenin/miR-223/STMN1 axis could regulate cell growth and Warburg effect in GBC. Targeting circβ-catenin might be a potential therapeutic strategy for GBC.