bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Training of Deep Convolutional Networks via Minimum-Variance Regularized Adaptive Sampling
Authors: Rojas-Domínguez Alfonso , Valdez Ivvan , Ornelas-Rodríguez Manuel , Carpio Martín 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fostered by technological and theoretical developments, deep neural networks have achieved great success in many applications, but their training by means of mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can be very costly due to the possibly tens of millions of parameters to be optimized and the large amounts of training examples that must be processed. Said computational cost is exacerbated by the inefficiency of the uniform sampling method typically used by SGD to form the training mini-batches: since not all training examples are equally relevant for training, sampling these under a uniform distribution is far from optimal. A better strategy is to form the mini-batches by sampling the training examples under a distribution where the probability of being selected is proportional to the relevance of each individual example. This can be achieved through Importance Sampling (IS), which also achieves the minimization of the gradients’ variance w.r.t. the network parameters, further improving convergence. In this paper, an IS-based adaptive sampling method is studied that exploits side information to construct the required probability distribution. Said method is modified to enable its application to deep neural networks, and the improved method is dubbed Regularized Adaptive Sampling (RAS). Experimental comparison (using deep convolutional networks for classification of the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets) of RAS against SGD and against another sampling method in the state of the art, shows that RAS achieves relative improvements of the training process, without incurring significant overhead or affecting the accuracy of the networks.
Percentage of Unvaccinated children and factors associated with Immunization among children presenting to pediatric hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan, 2020.
Authors: Kirkisawi Naila Mubarak , Abdallah Ahmed Al Muhtadi Abdulatti , Shiekh Akram Khalid Al Tigany Al , Musa Khattab Ibrahim Mohamed , Allah.Eljack Moh.Mah.Fadel , Alfatih Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Vaccination prevents two to three million deaths annually, nevertheless, in 2018; 20 million children missed out on lifesaving measles, diphtheria, and tetanus vaccines. In 2019, in Sudan, approximately 39000 children missed those vaccines too. The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of unvaccinated children in three major pediatrics hospitals in Khartoum state and to assess the possible factors associated with the vaccination status.Methods: We conducted an analytic cross-sectional study from 9/12/2020 to 16/12/2020 period in the selected hospitals. The study population was all children admitted to the chosen hospitals. Total coverage method was used for sampling. The questionnaire targeted assessment of the vaccination status and the potential factors associated with it. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the demographic characteristics while Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the factors associated with vaccination. Results: A total of 111 patients were included, of which 29 (26.1%) were unvaccinated. We found a statistically significant association between the child vaccination status and: Residence (P value<0.001), with higher percentage of unvaccinated children in rural areas; Mother’s level of education (P value <0.001) and, mother’s access to Antenatal care (P value = 0.018). We also found a significant association between the vaccination status and the possession of a vaccination card (P value<0.001), with 88.8% of the children having a vaccination card being fully vaccinated compared to 13.6% among those who don’t. An additional significant association was found between the vaccination status and the proximity of the vaccination center (P value<0.001) with those living near a vaccination center having a higher percentage of vaccination (79.6%) compared to 30.8% among those who need to travel to get vaccinated.Conclusion: Our study showed that a considerable portion of the participants were not fully vaccinated, the most important factors associated with unvaccination including the residence, mother’s education, and the possession of a vaccination card, and finally, the proximity of the vaccination center, indicating that financial and infrastructural factors may also play a role in preventing vaccination.Recommendations: Further nation-wide studies are needed to study the vaccination coverage in Sudan, and to further explore additional factors that are associated with vaccination in order to target them specifically and hopefully reach the goal of full vaccination coverage in Sudan.
Introducing Gamification Methods To High School Student At Bina Nusantara University Alam Sutera
Authors: Utoyo Arsa Widitiarsa 
Published: October 2021

Exploration studies in this article highlighted approaches that wearable to increase the value of gamification method to examine the impact of the role of facilitator in the idea of the group. Through the activities, the children of high school/high school were invited as respondents. This activity aimed to stimulate creativity to produce a different settlement with the same results. The presentation material and workshops that used materials of paper and stationeries. Finally, this article outlines recommendations for teaching, learning, and apply gamification in decision making. This method is one of the modern methods of teaching and learning. It starts with forming groups, job descriptions, and the active participation of the students and by comparing the characteristics of the method by the way students learn gamification, the positive effects of this method on the educational attainment of students confirmed. Based on the finding of the study the researcher recommended encouraging faculty members to use gamification strategy in teaching, conducting more studies discussing this strategy and its relation to other variables such as critical thinking, conducting more studies on other samples from different study and age levels and from different environments. Keywords: gamification method, student, creativity, university students
Liver drug damage: possibilities of polyionic succinate-methioninic complex during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Trukhan D. I. , Davydov E. L. 
Published: October 2021

Medicinal liver damage is an important problem not only in the framework of hepatology and gastroenterology, but also for internal medicine in general, which is due to the difficulties of correct and timely diagnosis of this pathology. In the first part of the review, the main mechanisms of liver tissue damage and clinical and formological manifestations of drug-induced liver damage are considered.The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), spread by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a challenge to health systems around the world. The global clinical experience gained over the past year in the management of patients with a new coronavirus infection makes it possible to highlight a number of relevant clinical aspects, one of which is drug-induced liver damage associated with the treatment of COVID-19. In the second part of the review, the possible mechanisms of influence of COVID-19 on the hepatobiliary system are considered, which include viral cytotoxicity, a secondary effect of immune dysregulation; hypoxia as a result of respiratory failure and subsequent ischemic liver damage; reactivation of already existing liver pathology and drug damage to the liver. It has been established that a large number of drugs used to treat COVID-19 - antiviral agents, antibacterials, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids and others - have hepatoxic effects and can cause liver damage. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, for patients with a new coronavirus infection and drug-induced liver damage, a rational, pathogenetically justified choice of a hepatoprotective drug is of particular importance. In the final part of the review, the possibilities of the polyionic succinate-methionine complex in the treatment of drug-induced liver damage are considered and a clinical example of the drug application in a patient with drug-induced liver damage during treatment with COVID-19 is given.
The biliary continuum: an up-to-date look at biliary tract diseases
Authors: Maev I. V. , Bordin D. S. , Ilchishina T. A. , Kucheryavyy Yu. A. 
Published: October 2021

In the structure of gastrointestinal diseases, the pathology of the hepatobiliary system currently ranks second in frequency of occurrence. The stages of diseases of the biliary system can be combined into the so-called “biliary continuum”, when one patient has a consistent development of pathogenetically related diseases of the biliary tract. The progressive course of functional motility disorders of the biliary tract gradually leads to the development of organic pathology, including chronic cholecystitis, the subsequent development of gallstone disease and possible postcholecystectomy complications. Among the diseases of the biliary system, one of the most frequently used diagnoses is chronic cholecystitis. The development of chronic cholecystitis is associated with repeated attacks of acute inflammation or prolonged irritation of large gallstones. The clinical aspects of chronic cholecystitis and other pathologies included in the the «biliary continuum» largely depends on concomitant dyskinesia. There are several directions for the treatment of pathologies of the biliary system: diet therapy, medication, endoscopic and surgical treatment. According to the latest guidelines, the most important direction in modern therapy of diseases of the biliary system is the restoration of the motility of the biliary tract and the normalization of the physicochemical properties of bile. The central place in the treatment of diseases of the “biliary continuum” is given to antispasmodic drugs. The administration of antispasmodics is recommended in order to relieve biliary pain and dyspeptic symptoms caused by spasm of smooth muscles, as well as to control the inflammatory process due to a decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory substances. This article describes in detail the importance of the recovery of the biliary tract motor activity and the improvement of the physico-chemical properties of bile acids.
Chronic gastritis and functional dyspepsia. Unity and struggle of two opposites
Authors: Bakulina N. V. , Tikhonov S. V. , Lishchuk N. B. 
Published: October 2021

The review article describes the epidemiology, clinical picture, pathogenesis, approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis and functional dyspepsia. Chronic gastritis is an unreasonably common diagnosis in our clinical practice, which is diagnosed in patients with disturbing dyspeptic complaints. According to the agreement documents, chronic gastritis is primarily a morphological concept. Chronic gastritis has no pathognomonic clinical signs and should be diagnosed during the histological examination of the gastric mucosa. Functional dyspepsia is a diagnosis that reflects the presence of a certain symptom complex (pain or burning sensation in the epigastrium, a feeling of fullness or early satiety) in the absence of diseases that could explain the symptoms. Secondary dyspepsia is diagnosed in patients with organic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, metabolic or systemic diseases that cause dyspeptic syndrome. In the process of examining a patient with disturbing dyspeptic complaints, it is advisable for the doctor to use the diagnosis “unspecified dyspepsia” – a preliminary diagnosis before laboratory and instrumental examination aimed at identifying the cause of the dyspeptic syndrome. Dyspepsia associated with H. pylori is diagnosed in patients with H. pylori infection. The diagnosis is revised over time and is competent if complaints have been relieved within 6 months after effective H. pylori eradication.The main drugs for the treatment of patients with dyspeptic complaints are proton pump inhibitors and prokinetics. Omeprazole with domperidone sustained release (SR) in a fixed dose combination is characterized by optimal efficacy and a good safety profile in patients with both functional and secondary dyspepsia and ensures a high level of treatment adherence.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux diagnostics: review article
Authors: Angotoeva I. B. , Aylarov A. K. , Kosyakov S. Ya. , Loranskaya I. D. , Rumyantseva E. E. 
Published: October 2021

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is an actual, modern problem for the practice of an ENT doctor, because majority of complaints lead the patient, first of all, to an otorhinolaryngologist. LPR is an extraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which leads to a recurrent course of symptoms resulting from the direct action of gastric contents on the mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx when ingested through the upper esophageal sphincter, as well as a decrease in the quality of life. Patients with LPR represent 4% to 10% of outpatients visiting an ENT physician. The main problem of diagnosing of LPR is that there are not any exact researches for this disease, such as PCR-test or biopsy. GERD diagnostic methods performed by gastroenterologists include: assessment of complaints, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS), intraesophageal pH-metry, esophageal manometry, impedance-pH-metry with the placement of 2 probes in the esophagus and pharynx, gastrointestinal fluoroscopy (GI) with barium, gastroesophageal scintigraphy, abdominal ultrasound (abdominal ultrasound), and pepsin test. All these tests are widely using for diagnosis and sometimes helps us. But the question remains: do all these research methods allow to establish the presence of LPR? Interpretation of existing studies is difficult due to the ambiguous diagnostic criteria for LPR, varying rates of response to treatment, and the significant effect of placebo treatment. Therefore, diagnostic methods for LFR require further study and development.
Retrospective epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance and case notifications data – New South Wales, Australia, 2020
Authors: Camphor H. S. , Nielsen S. , Bradford-Hartke Z. , Wall K. , Broome R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This epidemiological study analysed SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance and case notifications data to inform evidence-based public health action in NSW. We investigated measures of association between SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments detected in wastewater samples (n = 100) and case notifications (n = 1,367, as rates per 100,000 population) within wastewater catchment areas (n = 6); and evaluated the performance of wastewater testing as a population-level diagnostic tool. Furthermore, we modelled SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment detection in wastewater given the case notification rate using logistic regression. The odds of a viral detection in wastewater samples increased by a factor of 5.68 (95% CI: 1.51–32.1, P = 0.004) with rates of one or more notified cases within a catchment. The diagnostic specificity of wastewater viral detection results was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.69–0.97); the overall diagnostic sensitivity was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.33–0.56). The probability of a viral detection result in wastewater exceeded 50% (95% CI: 36–64%) once the case rate within a catchment exceeded 10.5. Observed results suggest that in a low prevalence setting, wastewater viral detections are a more reliable indicator of the presence of recent virus shedding cases in a catchment, than non-detect results are of the absence of cases in a catchment.
A multiple regression model for prediction of optimal dose of Moringa Oleifera in faecal sludge dewatering
Authors: Doglas Benjamin , Kimwaga Richard , Mayo Aloyce 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Moringa Oleifera (MO) is a highly effective conditioner in the dewatering of Fecal sludge (FS). However, the model for the prediction of its optimal dose has not yet been documented. This article presents the results of the developed model for the prediction of MO optimal doses. The developed model was based on assessing the FS parameters and MO stock solution. The FS samples were obtained from a mixture of a pit latrine and septic tank and were analyzed at the water quality laboratory of the University of Dar es Salaam. The multiple linear regression model was used to establish a relationship between MO optimal dose as a function of FS characteristics (pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Solids and Total Suspended Solids) and concentration of MO stock solution. The results indicated that the main contributing factors which determine the MO optimal dose were the concentration of MO stock solution, followed by pH of FS. The model results showed a good agreement between the predicted and observed MO optimal dose with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.72 and 0.9 for calibration and validation respectively. Therefore, the model can be adapted to determine the MO optimal dose without running the Jar-test experiment.
VALOR JUSTO DE DEBÊNTURES SEM PREÇOS DE REFERÊNCIA NO MERCADO: UMA PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA DE MENSURAÇÃO
Authors: Coelho Claudio Ulysses Ferreira , Dias Angélica Morais 
Published: October 2021

Esse trabalho consiste em propor uma metodologia alternativa para a mensuração do valor justo de debêntures que não apresentem preços de referência no mercado. Nesse sentido, buscou-se investigar as práticas utilizadas pelas administradoras de fundos no mercado brasileiro para medir o valor justo de uma debênture nessas condições e, ao final, fez-se uma comparação dos resultados apurados. A fim de melhor evidenciar não só a proposta, mas também a comparação dos resultados foi selecionada a debênture MILS22 emitida pela empresa Mills Estruturas e Serviços de Engenharia S.A. ao final do exercício social de 2014. Verificou-se que o resultado apurado na mensuração do valor justo dessa debênture segundo a metodologia proposta no trabalho mostra-se aderente aos valores praticados e divulgados ao mercado pelas principais administradoras de fundos do país, o que torna viável a sua aplicação no intuito de mensurar o valor justo de debêntures que apresentem tais condições.Palavras-chave: Debêntures. Valor justo. Manual de precificação.
METODE SPATIAL DURBIN MODEL UNTUK ANALISIS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Laia Marthin Luter , Deswanto Rahmat , Utami Erma Shofi , Bekti Rokhana Dwi 
Published: October 2021

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegepty and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes which are widespread in homes and public places throughout the territory of Indonesia. The high number of DHF cases in Bantul Regency, Indonesia is an indication that eradication of Aedes aegepty mosquitoes and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes has not succeeded in the Bantul Regency. Spatial Regression is an analysis that evaluates the relationship between one variable with several other variables by providing spatial effects in several locations that are the center of observation. Three type of models are Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR), Spatial Error Model (SEM), and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). This study uses secondary data in 2017 in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The dependent variable is DHF cases and the independent variables are medical personnel and health facilities in each sub-district. The spatial model used is SDM. Based on Moran’s I test, there was a spatial autocorrelation about DHF among sub-district, so the spatial model can be used. The durbin spatial model gives the result that all estimation parameters in SDM model have P value less than α = 5%, so that medical personnel and health facilities significantly affect dengue cases in Bantul Regency. Keywords: dengue hemorrhagic fever, moran’s I test, spatial durbin model.
Pengenaan Pajak Pada Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Hak Atas Tanah
Authors: Wijaya Nadia Githa , Seputra I PT. GD. , Suryani Luh Putu 
Published: October 2021

Jual beli merupakan suatu kesepakatan antara para pihak tentang membayar harga tertentu dari suatu barang, dengan tujuan mengalihkan hak milik atas kebendaan yang dijual. Dalam mencapai kepastian hukum dalam jual beli hak atas tanah, para pihak diikat dengan suatu perjanjian berdasarkan kesepakatan yang di buat di hadapan notaris. Mengingat PP No. 24 / 1997 mengenai Pendaftaran Tanah, peralihan hak atas tanah barulah timbul setelah diterbitkannya akta jual beli oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah, maka timbul kekaburan norma terkait dengan pengenaan pajak dalam perjanjian pengikatan jual beli hak atas tanah. Maka rumusan masalahnya: 1. Bagaimana proses perjanjian pengikatan jual beli hak atas tanah terkait dengan pengenaan pajak? 2. Bagaimana bentuk pengenaan pajak dalam perjanjian pengikatan jual beli hak atas tanah? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Normatif/Kepustakaan. Perjanjian pengikatan jual beli hak atas tanah merupakan pra-perjanjian yang dibuat karena terkait dengan pengenaan pajak dalam hal peralihan hak atas tanah yang harus di bayarkan terlebih dahulu agar dapat melakukan transkasi jual beli di hadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah. Pajak yang dikenakan dari perjanjian pengikatan jual beli hak atas tanah ialah pajak penghasilan bagi pihak penjual dan Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah Dan/Atau Bangunan bagi pihak pembeli.
Implementasi Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Tentang Satuan Gugus Tugas Covid 19 PT. Tatamulia Nusantara Indah Cabang Bali
Authors: Lestari Lia Ayu , Budiartha I Nyoman Putu , Ujianti Ni Made Puspasutari 
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pemerintah sangat konsentrasi penanggulangan virus ini. Guna memberantas penyebaran virus ini, Pemerintah mengeluarkan ’Kepres No 7 tahun 2020 tentang Gugus Tugas percepatan penanganan Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid 19). PT Tatamulia Nusantara Indah adalah salah satu perusahaan kontraktor terbesar di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan dan memahami Faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang menjadi kendala serta upaya untuk menanggulangi dalam mengimplementasikan keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia tentang satuan gugus tugas Covid 19 di Perusahaan Kontraktor PT Tatamulia Nusantara Indah Cabang Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris. Dimana hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Keputusan Presiden tentang Satuan Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan Covid 19 serta kendala yang dihadapi dan upaya penanggulangan dalam mengimplementasikan Keputusan Presiden di PT. Tatamulia Nusantara Indah cabang Bali sehingga dapat terlaksana sebagaimana yang telah diharapkan.