bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for application of phytopreparations in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rybak Viktoria , Maloshtan Lyudmila , Korol Victoria 
Published: July 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) occupies an important place in the structure of mortality, as well as among the causes of disability and deterioration in the quality of life of the population. In this regard, the study of phytopreparations is promising for practical medicine in order to identify new medicinal plants that actively affect metabolic processes to prevent complications of DM, and create new phytopreparations. That drugs could enhance the effect of sulfonamides and potentiate the effect of insulin, thereby reducing the dose of the latter, and it is important for long-term chronic diseases, such as DM.
The aim. To study the prospects for the use of phytopreparations in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods. The analytical, logical, generalization methods were used in the work. The analytical method of the study involved deepening the search for phytopreparations and the prospects for their use in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and generalization of the data obtained. The logical method of exploratory research of promising phytopreparations was applied in a certain logical sequence, as a result of which the specificity, stage-by-stage and generalization of the relevance of the use of phytopreparations in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus was provided for scientific research. The generalizing research method was to determine and prove the characteristics of phytopreparations (analysis and synthesis) and their advantages over synthetic drugs.
Results and discussion. The main directions of herbal medicine for DM are associated with reproduction of the effects of insulin, normalization of glucose uptake, stimulation of regeneration of β-cells of the Langerhans islets, elimination of excess glucose from the body – phytopreparations with diuretic properties; elimination of hypoxia – phytopreparations-antihypoxants. In DM, herbal medicine will reduce the frequency of side effects in classical antidiabetic therapy. For any type of diabetes, herbal medicine is prescribed to patients as an improvement in the microcirculation of tissues, normalization of the functions of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidneys and eyes.
Conclusions. Despite a wide range of drugs used to correct the hemodynamic and metabolic manifestations of the insulin resistance syndrome, they do not fully meet the needs of practical medicine due to the presence of pronounced side effects. In addition, the pharmaceutical market of herbal medicines is very limited and represented mainly by species of medicinal plants, which have certain inconveniences in their use. All this indicates the relevance of the search, creation and introduction of effective and, at the same time, low-toxic drugs based on the medicinal plant raw material into medical practice for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes and its complications
Improvement of mixing processes in diesel engines
Authors: Knaub Ludmila 
Published: July 2021

The object of research is gas-dynamic vortex processes in heterogeneous polydisperse flows. One of the most problematic issues in engine building is the completeness of combustion and the rate of fuel burnout in the given coordinates on the allotted hourly interval in the combustion chamber. These indicators, in turn, determine stringent requirements for used fuels in terms of thermophysical parameters that affect sawing, evaporation and mixing with an oxidizer. In the course of the study, methods of mathematical modeling were used based on the theory of similarity. Methods have been developed for preparing a combustible mixture for detonation-free combustion of a cheap alternative fuel. A method for assessing the quality of spraying low cetane fuel is proposed. A mathematical model is obtained for calculating the change in the parameters of the quality of atomization and the differential characteristics of fuel injection. This is necessary for theoretical studies of gas-dynamic processes in additional power systems for diesel engines in an unsteady three-dimensional flow with variable parameters of a polydisperse flow of a combustible mixture. It has been proven that with a decrease in the camshaft rotational speed, the injection speed will be insufficient to achieve the required spray quality due to a decrease in the speed. This made it possible to redesign the additional system using a separate dual fuel supply. Research samples of an additional power supply system for the ЯМЗ–24 ОН diesel engine (Yaroslavl Motor Plant, Russia) have been developed. Comparative tests of the engine operation on stable gas condensate with the main fuel equipment and an additional system have been carried out. Oscillograms of the tests were obtained and analyzed.
The research results provided the basis for the use of low cetane cheap gas condensate in diesel engines. This will improve the economic, power and environmental performance of the engines. Compared to standard cetane fuels, the price of fuel will decrease by 40 %, engine power will increase by 20 %, and the environmental performance of exhaust gases will decrease by 10–30 %.
Determination of the comprehensive indicator of pastille with the use of multi-component fruit-berry paste
Authors: Kasabova Kateryna , Shmatchenko Nataliа , Zagorulko Aleksey , Zahorulko Andreii 
Published: July 2021

The object of research in this work is the technology of pastille with the addition of multicomponent fruit and berry paste. Pastille are becoming more and more popular in the world for all segments of the population. Usually, the main ingredients for their manufacture are fruit raw materials, a structurant and egg white, therefore, the products contain practically no fat and have a low calorie content.
It is proposed to replace 75 % of traditional applesauce in the recipe with a multicomponent fruit and berry paste made from apples, cranberries, hawthorn. It was found that such a composition makes it possible to obtain products with an increased content of pectin substances, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, including anthocyanins, catechins and flavonols.
The work is aimed at studying the application of the principles of qualimetry to determine a complex indicator of the quality of pastille For this, the organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of the developed pastille were taken from previous studies and the chemical composition was determined and the content of biologically active substances was calculated relative to the average daily human need. The content of pectin substances in new products increases 1.7 times and satisfies the average daily human need by 18.2 %. The content of ascorbic acid is 4.2 times higher, which is 20.5 % of the average daily human need, and polyphenols 3.2 times higher – 579.0 %. The data obtained make it possible to consider the developed product functional.
The next step was to determine the complex indicator of products by the qualimetric method. For a more complete disclosure of product properties, a structure of pastille quality indicators has been developed – a «tree of properties». Thus, the comprehensive assessment of the quality of the control sample corresponds to the indicator «good» (0.66), while the integrated assessment of pastille with multicomponent paste corresponds to the indicator «very good» (0.98).
On the basis of organoleptic, physicochemical indicators and chemical composition of products, it was established that the indicator of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of a pastille with a multicomponent paste, taking into account all group indicators, is 48 % higher compared to the control.
Developing of the method for optimizing the performance of architecture-independent hardware platforms
Authors: Duda Liubomyr 
Published: July 2021

The object of research is the Raspberry Pi single-board computer. The work examines the optimization of architecture-independent hardware platforms using its example. The research is based on an integrated scientific approach based on a system-analytical, structural-functional, empirical and typological approach. It is emphasized that the entire Raspberry Pi line uses APM-architecture processors. The genesis of Raspberry Pi is given, the parameters of the last build are determined. It is noted that the latest version is dated November 2020. It is equipped with wireless WiFi and Bluetooth modules (2×USB 3.0 and 1×USB 2.0 ports type A, 5.0, BLE), which expand the boundaries of mini-PC application in the field of Ethernet technologies and has a frequency of 1.8 GHz. The appearance of one of the popular Raspberry Pi B+boards has been formed, with the separation of the main blocks. The basic principles of improving the performance of the Raspberry Pi single board computer are determined, each of which is based on a specific mechanism. The first is the addition of ZRAM as a compressed random access memory block device. The principle of ZRAM operation is described, the mechanism for activating ZRAM on the Raspberry Pi is given. To improve the performance of the Raspberry Pi single board computer, the use of an NVMe disk is justified. It is emphasized that the NVMe disk is reliable and has a high data transfer rate. Connecting it to the Raspberry Pi single board computer is the optimal solution to improve performance. The tuning sequence is presented, the numerical result of the NVMe disk operation based on the Raspberry Pi single-board computer is proposed. It is proposed, as a principle to improve performance, the installation of an ICE Tower CPU based on Raspberry Pi. It is noted that the ICE Tower CPU is a cooling system that is designed to cool the Raspberry Pi. The principles of tuning ICE Tower CPU and the result of fluctuations in temperature components using the rpi-monitor are described. As part of the study, performance improvements were obtained from 26 % to 34 %, which is mainly in line with the expected theoretical improvement of 34 %.
Definition of the main ways of recovery of the hospitality industry
Authors: Sobin Oleksii 
Published: July 2021

The object of research in this work was the tourism industry. The main emphasis was placed on hotel enterprises, which suffered heavy losses during the knockdown period, as well as in the post-clown period. The conditions of the pandemic lockdown have prompted economic agents to restructure in accordance with the new communication and operational rules. The sphere of hotel services, the main purpose of which is the organization of recreation, has suffered the most from quarantine, because it was completely banned. Therefore, small hotels could not recover, they closed. Subsequently, the government was allowed not to close the domestic hotel industry, but to continue to operate subject to specially developed temporary recommendations for the operation of hotels. These recommendations relate to hotel reservations, accommodation and meals for tourists in rooms, hotel disinfection conditions and room disruption before and after guest accommodation, hotel staff working conditions, and the like.
The creation of hybrid hotels or combo hotels and concept hostels as integration forms of enterprises in the hospitality industry has been proposed as one of the possible ways out of the hospitality enterprises. The study used an empirical method of research. By comparing different periods it was possible to draw conclusions about the financial losses of the hotel industry. Due to the analysis of the issue, changes in the organization of hotels, working conditions of the hotel industry, which occurred due to the introduction of quarantine, were investigated and revealed. The article examines the problems and difficulties of the hotel industry in a pandemic. Mitigation of quarantine has helped to revitalize activities, but it is legitimate within the protocols and regulations of local and state authorities to prevent the spread of viral infections. Therefore, the management of economic entities introduces compliance control for compliance and compliance with the rules, another name for compliance control – «compliance risk management». This function is assigned to special employees or even entire divisions of the company. Large enterprises introduce a department or service responsible for compliance.
The research results obtained can be useful in studying issues related to man-made disasters, environmental disasters and their impact on the tourism industry.
Entre idéal d’égalité et constat d’iniquité: démêler l’écheveau conceptuel des relations entre handicap et inégalité
Authors: Debeaudrap Pierre , De Loenzien Myriam , Beninguisse Gervais 
Published: July 2021

Inégalité et handicap sont deux notions si étroitement liées l’une à l’autre que leur mise en relation nécessite paradoxalement un effort conceptuel qui à la fois les distingue et clarifie leurs liens. Dans le domaine des études de population, ce besoin se double de la nécessité d’opérationnaliser les concepts. Le handicap a progressivement été défini comme un processus socialement construit, ouvrant la voie à une analyse des inégalités et particulièrement des situations d’iniquité. Des relations de causalité réciproques entre handicap et inégalité ont été explorées, accordant une place centrale à la notion de participation sociale. Celle-ci se heurte à la variabilité de sa définition. Plusieurs modèles ont mis en évidence des mécanismes sociaux sous-jacents à ces relations, proposant de nouvelles perspectives comme l’a fait l’approche des capabilités. Ces réflexions toujours en cours témoignent du dynamisme de ce champ de recherche novateur que constituent les « disability studies ». Celui-ci, porteur d’un idéal d’égalité, jette une lumière spécifique sur la notion d’inégalité.
The effect of topography on earthquake ground motion: A review and new results
Authors: Geli Louis , Bard Pierre-Yves , Jullien Béatrice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA brief review of experimental and theoretical results about the effect of topography on seismic motion shows that they are consistent only on a qualitative basis. Amplification at mountain tops for wavelengths comparable with mountain widths is predicted and observed, but the numerical simulations often underestimate the actual observed effects. We propose that this disagreement is because current models are not complex enough.We therefore computed the response to incident SH waves of a set of different complex configurations that include two-dimensional surface topography, with or without periodic ridges and subsurface layering. The results show that: (1) the topographic effect in itself is difficult to isolate from other effects, like surface layering, and therefore the amplification on top of geomorphologically complex sites cannot be predicted by a priori estimations based solely on topography; and (2) the high crest/base amplification ratio observed in the field cannot, usually, be matched even with complex two-dimensional structures with incident plane SH waves, which suggests that more complex models are needed to incorporate more complex wave fields (e.g., SV, surface) and three-dimensional geologic configurations.
Spectral estimates of teleseismicP-wave attenuation to 15 Hz
Authors: Walck Marianne C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNORESS recordings of nuclear explosions in central Asia (Δ = 38°) provide new spectral attenuation estimates for frequencies from about 3 to 15 Hz. Two path spectra, representing propagation losses from the Shagan River and Degelen test sites to southern Norway, are calculated using the double-averaging technique of Bache et al. (1985, 1986). Both paths exhibit less attenuation than previously documented for explosions recorded teleseismically at the UKAEA arrays over the 1- to 8-Hz frequency range. The Shagan and Degelen spectra have somewhat different decay rates, perhaps reflecting variations in average source properties. Since the NORESS data extend to higher frequencies than previously available for attenuation measurements, we compare the NORESS spectral data to published models derived from NORSAR data (1 to 8 Hz) for the same path. The Degelen-NORSAR model is compatible with the NORESS data to about 7 Hz, but from 7 to 15 Hz, it predicts higher spectral amplitudes than are observed Using a hybrid absorption band-constant t* formulation, new models are derived which fit both the Shagan River path spectrum (t0* = 0.6 sec, τm = 0.05 sec, (t1* = 0.07 sec) and the Degelen spectrum (t0* = 0.6 sec, τm = 0.05 sec, (t1* = 0.05 sec) from 3 to 15 Hz. The NORESS data support frequency-dependent t* in the 3- to 15-Hz frequency range. The results also demonstrate that extrapolation of attenuation models obtained from longer period data to shorter periods may not predict the correct spectral levels. Actual high-frequency measurements are needed in order to characterize attenuation behavior at high frequencies.
Spatial and temporal correlation between codaQand seismicity in China
Authors: Jin Anshu , Aki Keiiti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA map of coda Q at 1 Hz (Q0) was constructed for China by analyzing more than 1000 seismograms from 80 seismic stations distributed throughout China. The resultant contour map of Q0 shows a strong correlation with the epicenters of historic great earthquakes in China. The high Q0 regions are devoid of the epicenters, and the low Q0 regions are full of them. A remarkably linear relation was found between the logarithm of coda Q0 and the maximum earthquake within the area sampled by coda waves (radius of about 150 km from each station) when we consider earthquakes which occurred from 1700 to present. Roughly speaking, if Q0 is 1000, Mmax is about 4 and if Q0 is 100, Mmax is about 8. This relation will be very useful for siting critical facilities such as nuclear power plants and waste disposal sites.We also found evidence in support of the migration of low Q0 region coincident with the well-known migration of high seismicity region over the distance of several hundred kilometers during the period of several hundred years. If the migration is due to a diffusion process, the diffusion constant is of the order of 100 km2/yr, which agrees very well with those associated with the aftershock migration, fluid injection, and Vp/Vs anomaly.Comparison of coda Q0 with Q1 estimated from the intensity data shows that they agree very well for Q1 &gt; 150, supporting the validity of the S to S single backscattering model for coda waves. For Q1 &lt; 150, however, coda Q0 becomes constant independent of Q1. This behavior is qualitatively consistent with numerical experiments of Frankel and Clayton, and suggests that coda Q may be measuring the intrinsic Q of about 150 for these regions where Q1 &lt; 150. This limiting coda Q value may depend on regions because coda Q lower than 100 has been observed in some active regions in this study, and also coda Q as low as 30 to 40 has been reported in California, Mexico, and Italy.
Rupture process of the 1980 Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki earthquake deduced from strong motion seismograms
Authors: Takeo Minoru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 1980 Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki earthquake is studied in detail using near-field strong motion seismograms recorded at Japan Meteorological Agency stations. A seismogram inversion method is applied to deduce the dislocation distribution and the character of rupture propagation during this earthquake.This earthquake involves left-lateral strike-slip motion on the almost vertical plane with a strike of N10°W. The fault plane is shallower than about 12 km in depth, and the length is about 20 km. The large dislocation (large seismic moment) occurs near the hypocenter and at the southern end of the fault plane. The rupture propagates southward from the central part of the fault plane and spreads to the shallow area of the northern part of the fault plane after a delay of about 5 sec relative to the initiation of this earthquake. The total seismic moment is about 7 ×1025 dyne·cm.The aftershocks of magnitude equal to or greater than 4.0 take place in the areas where high stresses are expected to remain after this earthquake. The mechanical weakness of small submarine monogenetic volcanoes which are located above the source region seems to affect the rupture process of this earthquake.
Source properties of two microearthquakes at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
Authors: Li Yingping , Thurber Clifford H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe source-time functions of two microearthquakes with magnitudes 2.1 and 2.3 at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, are determined by using the deconvolution technique. P-wave seismograms of a smaller event with magnitude 1.6 in a nearby location are treated as empirical Green's functions and deconvolved from the waveforms of the larger earthquakes by spectral division. From the time-domain analysis of the source-time functions, some of the source properties, such as the complexity and directivity, and some of the source parameters, such as pulse width, rise time, and source dimension, are determined. With a good azimuthal distribution of stations, the direction and magnitude of rupture velocity are estimated for one of the events. The rupture direction is about N85°W and rupture velocity is 0.75 Vs, assuming Vp = 1.73 Vs. The result for direction agrees with one of the nodal planes of the focal mechanism. Our results indicate that there exist obvious variations in rupture durations for nearby small events with similar seismic moments, suggesting significant differences in the static stress drops. The stress drops of two events (1.5 and 16.5 bar) estimated from the rise times differ by an order of magnitude, implying heterogeneity of the stress distribution over this small area.
Time-domain response of a semi-circular canyon for incidentSV,P, and Rayleigh waves calculated by the discrete wavenumber boundary element method
Authors: Kawase H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe responses of a semi-circular canyon for incident SH, SV, P, and Rayleigh waves in a two-dimensional elastic half-space are investigated in time domain as well as in frequency domain. The author proposes the discrete wavenumber boundary element method, in which the direct boundary element method is used with the discrete wavenumber Green's function. This combination achieves both the efficiency in computation and the flexibility for boundary configurations. First, the validity of the method is confirmed by comparing its results with published ones in frequency domain. Then time histories of seismic motion along the surface in and around the canyon are studied for incident SH, SV, P, and Rayleigh waves with the shape of a Ricker wavelet. In all cases, the diffracted waves called the creeping waves can be seen propagating inside the canyon with P- or S-wave velocity. For SV-wave incidence, Rayleigh waves generated at the edges of the canyon carry a significant portion of energy outward, while for SH-wave incidence the direct and reflected waves play a major role. It should be noted that the amplitude fluctuation in frequency domain does not always mean that in time domain because different arrival time of wavelets results in the fluctuation in spectral amplitude even if each wavelet propagates with the same shape and amplitude.