bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional synthesis rate of creatine from arginine in healthy adult men
Authors: Tomlinson Christopher , Rafii Mahroukh , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Ball Ronald O. , Pencharz Paul B. 
Published: June 2021

Creatine is synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine. We performed a study using 15N2‐guanidino arginine, to elucidate synthesis of creatine from dietary arginine in adult men. A primed, intermittent infusion of labeled 15N2‐guanidino arginine was given enterally to 5 healthy men fed a standardized milkshake diet. Blood was sampled at baseline and at plateau, between 1.5 and 3 hours. Enrichment of M+2 isotopomers of arginine, guanidino acetate (GAA), creatine and creatinine was measured by LC‐tandem MS. Plasma enrichment of the arginine tracer was 6.1 APE (Stdev ±1.05%), giving a flux estimate of 93 ìmol/kg/hr. M+2 isotopomers of creatine and GAA from the arginine tracer were detected in all subjects. There was no measurable M+2 creatinine. Enrichment of creatine was 0.55 APE (±0.1%) and GAA 4.92 APE (±0.8%). The fractional synthesis rate of GAA from arginine was 81% and 9% for creatine from arginine, these results are in keeping with synthesis of GAA being the rate limiting step in the creatine synthesis pathway. We have demonstrated synthesis of creatine from labeled dietary arginine in healthy adult humans; this method will allow in vivo studies in humans to directly measure synthesis rates of creatine.Supported by a grant from the CIHR.
Effects of methionine supplementation on cysteine and glutathione production in malnourished infants
Authors: Green Curtis Omar , Badaloo Asha , Hsu Jean W , Taylor-Bryan Carolyn , Reid Marvin , Forrester Terrence , Jahoor Farook 
Published: June 2021

A shortage of cysteine (CYS) is associated with low glutathione (GSH) synthesis in edematous childhood severe acute malnutrition (SAM). We investigated the effect of isonitrogenous (0.6 mmol/kg/d) supplementation of CYS precursor, methionine, (MET, n = 6) versus alanine (ALA, n = 6) as control on endogenous CYS production and erythrocyte GSH synthesis in edematous SAM.Measurements were made in children aged 8.8 ± 2.6 months 3 times during early treatment for SAM with infection using constant, intravenous infusions of stable isotopes of MET at ~ 2d (Stage 1),~7d, (Stage 2), and ~14 d(Stage 3) after admission.

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3

ALA
MET
ALA
MET
ALA
MET

GSH ASR (mmol/l/d) CYS Kinetics (μmol/kg/h)
0.3 ± 0.1
0.2 ± 0.04
0.6 ± 0.08
0.6 ± 0.2
0.9 ± 0.6
0.9 ± 0.1

Dietary inflow
6.9 ± 0.2
7.3 ± 0.2
6.3 ± 0.02
6.4 ± 0.02
6.4 ± 0.02
6.3 ± 0.04

Total flux
41.3 ± 5.8
41.1 ± 7.9
44.95 ± 3.9
54.6 ± 4.6
49.7 ± 3.5
50.7 ± 3.6

Denovo Synthesis
11.8 ± 2.5
12.5 ± 2.1
10.0 ± 0.9
8.6 ± 1.4
8.5 ± 1.1
8.4 ± 1.6

Protein derived flux
21.1 ± 3.5
19.8 ± 6.8a
27.1 ± 3.1
38.15 ± 4.2
33.4 ± 2.5
34.5 ± 2.5

Mean ± SEM. ASR absolute synthesis rate;
different from stages 2 and 3 in MET group, (p < 0.05)

MET supplementation stimulated CYS supply from protein breakdown but did not significantly increase GSH synthesis. The increase in CYS supply might have contributed to CYS rich proteins associated with infection such as acute phase proteins.Supported by NIH grant # 2RO1DK056689
Acute effect of pistachios on postprandial endothelial function: Influence of fat quantity and quality
Authors: Sauder Katherine A , West Sheila G , Campbell Janice , Jenkins Alexandra L , Jenkins David JA , Kendall Cyril WC 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have shown that saturated fat and refined carbohydrates (CHO) acutely impair endothelial function, while unsaturated fats appear to exert a neutral effect. The purpose of this study was to examine endothelial function after meals differing in fat and CHO content. We assessed endothelial function in 20 adults with metabolic syndrome before and after each of the following meals: pistachios alone, pistachios plus white bread, white bread alone (12 and 50 g available CHO), and white bread plus cheese and butter. Endothelial function was assessed via pulse wave amplitude (EndoPAT) and reported as reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Fasting RHI did not differ among treatments, and the primary analysis examined change in RHI from fasting up to 3 hours postprandially. RHI was differentially affected by the meals (p=0.01). RHI decreased after the white bread plus cheese and butter meal (−0.09±0.09) and increased after the white bread only meals (0.17±0.09 and 0.15±0.09 for white bread 12g and 50g, respectively); this differential response was statistically significant (Tukey p<0.05). An intermediate change in RHI was observed after the pistachio meals (0.05±0.09 and −0.03±0.09 for pistachio and pistachio plus white bread, respectively). These results provide further evidence that endothelial function is differentially affected by type and quantity of dietary fat.Funding: American Pistachio Growers
Fish oil supplementation as adjunct therapy for periodontitis
Authors: Coates Alison , Bartold Mark , Hughes Toby , Howe Peter 
Published: June 2021

Long chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n‐3 PUFA) found in fish oil have anti‐inflammatory properties that may benefit periodontal health.The present study reviewed evidence for the use of fish oil supplementation as adjunct therapy for periodontitis. Medline, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched using the terms ‘omega‐3′ or ‘n‐3 PUFA’ and ‘periodontal disease’ or ‘periodontitis’. Articles were included if they were original studies, involved humans, written in English and published before November 1 2011.Ten unique studies were identified, but two were excluded as they did not feature periodontitis. In one retrospective and three cross‐sectional studies, the prevalence of periodontitis was inversely associated with dietary intakes of LCn‐3 PUFA. Four clinical trials were identified with low participant numbers (n=30–80), LC n‐3 PUFA doses ranging from 900 – 3000 mg / day and supplementation lasting eight days to six months. Only one study included a measure of adherence to supplementation. Improvements in clinical measures tended to occur in all studies, but were significant only in two that used a combination of fish oil and aspirin.Fish oil supplementation shows promise as an adjunct therapy for periodontitis. Long term clinical trials that include biomarkers of compliance are critical for interpreting clinical outcomes. There was no funding source for this study.
Role of Actinidia Chinensis on suppression of UVA‐mediated oxidative damage In HaCaT cells
Authors: Lee Kwang-Won , Lee Yan-Houy , Koo Yun-Chang , Nam Mi-Hyun , Yang Sung-Young , Ha Young-Min , Chun Su-hyun 
Published: June 2021

Advanced glycation end‐products(AGEs) accumulate in human skin serves as the UV photosensitizer, and UVA inducing the formation of photoexcited states of these photosensitizers with subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and more AGEs sensitizers. In this study, we demonstrated that combined action of AGEs and UVA cause higher risk of skin damage and evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of Actinidia Chinensis rind ethyl acetate extract (ACRE‐E) in HaCaT keratinocytes. ACRE‐E exhibited ability to attenuate UVA‐induced ROS generation which was measured by using DCFH‐DA reagent. To quantify AGEs formation, immunostaining of AGEs in UVA irradiated HaCaT cell was performed. Exposure to UVA causing high immunoreactivity in cells but in the presence of ACRE‐E, the immunoreactivity level was lower. This indicated that the ability of ACRE‐E to attenuate ROS generation contribute considerably to the suppression of AGEs formation. Topical application of ACRE‐E may confer protection against UVA‐induce oxidative stress and AGE formationGrant Funding Source: Korea university
Multivitamin (MVT) use, alcohol intake, and oxidative stress (OS) in HIV+ individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Authors: Stewart Tiffanie , Campa Adriana , Shin Dong-Ho , Martinez Sabrina Sales , Li Yinghui , Williams Shawn , Barr Shakira , Parsons Mary , Farsad Mahsa , Hatsu Irene , Luisi Sonya , Martinez Celines , Oropeza Monica , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Baum Marianna K 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHIV disease, excessive alcohol use and ART have been associated with oxidative stress (OS). This cross‐sectional study examines the effect of reported MVT supplements and alcohol intake on OS and disease stage.MethodsAlcohol intake, MVT use, and markers of OS (% oxidized glutathione) and disease stage (CD4 count, viral load) were collected in 89 HIV+ participants on ART. Linear regressions, correlations and Student's‐t tests were used in analyses.ResultsHIV+ adults with hazardous alcohol intake (AUDIT score >8), who also used MVT had significantly lower % oxidized glutathione than those not taking MVT (21.9% vs 25.2%, p=0.037). However, there were no significant differences in % of oxidized glutathione by MVT in those who abstained or drank alcohol in moderation. Greater alcohol intake was significantly associated with higher % oxidized glutathione (β=0.23, p=0.009) and use of MVT with lower % of oxidized glutathione (β=−3.6, p=0.005), when controlling for age and gender. In those who used MVT, hazardous drinking was correlated with viral load (r=0.430, p=0.001) and CD4 count (r=−0.457, p=0.001).ConclusionHIV+ adults with hazardous alcohol drinking present significantly greater OS. Our findings suggest that in HIV+ adults, MVT supplements ameliorate OS. However, despite MVT supplementation, those with hazardous drinking showed more advanced disease.Funded by NIDA and NIAAA
Association between Selenium (Se) intake, plasma Se levels and disease progression in HIV‐infected adults in Miami
Authors: Trivedi Riddhi , Campa Adriana , Martinez Sabrina Sales , Page John Bryan , Lai Shenghan , Baum Marianna K 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveSe deficiency is associated with increased mortality and disease progression in HIV/AIDS. We explored the relationship between inadequate Se intake (<55 mcg/daily) and plasma levels (>0.085 mg/L) with disease progression in HIV+ adults.MethodsWith IRB approval, a cross‐sectional secondary analysis of the de‐identified database from “Zinc Therapy in Zinc deficient HIV+ Adults in Miami” study was performed.ResultsOf 231 HIV+ adults, 144 were on ART; 73.2 % were male. Mean CD4 cell count was 373 SD±279 cells/μL, viral load was 4.0 SD ±1.0 log10 copies/mL and plasma Se levels were 0.121 SD±0.29 mg/L. Higher plasma selenium levels were associated with controlled viral load (β=0.002, p=0.022), and remained significant after controlling for diarrheal disease and C‐reactive protein (p=0.039), and were correlated with Se intake (r=0.3, p>0.001). No association was found between Se intake or plasma Se levels with CD4 cell count. There were no differences in Se status (intake or plasma) between those in early HIV stages (CD4>200 cells/μL) and those with advanced disease (CD4<200 or CD4<100 cells/μL).ConclusionAdequate Se status appears to depend on adequate Se intake and viral load control in HIV+ adults. Further studies on the effect of normalizing Se status and the mechanism through which adequate Se contributes to slower disease progression are needed.Funded by NIDA
A randomized parallel‐group dietary feasibility study for stage II‐IV ovarian cancer survivors
Authors: del Rocio Berglund Maria , Paxton Raheem J , Garcia-Prieto Celia , Hernandez Mike , Hajek Richard A , Handy Beverly Carol , Brown Jubilee , Jones Lovell A 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWe conducted a study to assess the feasibility of two comparable dietary interventions in ovarian cancer survivors (OCS).MethodsIn a parallel‐group trial, 51 women (mean 53 yrs) stage II–IV OCS were randomly assigned to a plant‐based (PB) diet or a modified NCI diet supplemented with a soy‐based beverage and encapsulated fruit & vegetable juice concentrates (FVJCs). Changes in clinical measures, serum carotenoid & tocopherol levels, dietary intake, anthropometry, and quality of life (HRQOL) were assessed with paired t‐tests.ResultsAt baseline, 28% & 45% of women met guidelines for intake of fiber & fruits and vegetables, respectively. After 6 mo, total serum carotenoid levels and α‐ & β‐carotene were significantly increased in both groups (P < 0.01); β‐carotene was increased more in the FVJC group. Serum β‐cryptoxanthin levels, fiber intake (+5.2 g/day), servings of juice (+0.9 servings/day) & vegetables (+1.3 servings/day) were all significantly increased in the PB group (all P < 0.05). Serum levels of albumin, lutein & zeaxanthin, retinol, and retinyl palmitate were significantly increased in the FVJC group (all P < 0.05). No changes in CA‐125, anthropometry, or HRQOL were observed.ConclusionThis study supports the feasibility of designing dietary interventions for OCS and provides preliminary evidence that encapsulated FVJCs provide comparable amounts of nutrients as the PB diet in OCS.
Cinnamon decreases excitation toxicity in primary neuronal cultures from chick embryos
Authors: Gomada Yuki , Jamison Brandon Y , Maitin Vatsala , Vattem Dhiraj A. 
Published: June 2021

Excitation neurotoxicity induced dysregulation of stress response signaling has been implicated in neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Cinnamon was previously reported to beneficially modulate stress response signaling in C. elegans and may have therapeutic potential. The objective here was to evaluate the dose dependent neuroprotective effect of cinnamon on L‐glutamate and NDMA induced excitation toxicity in cultured primary neurons from chick embryos. Results suggest that cinnamon treatment decreased neuronal cell death in L‐glutamate and NDMA induced excitation toxicity by 20% and 15% respectively. Evaluation with fractionated cinnamon extract characterized by HPLC/DAD/ELSD/MS suggests that protection against L‐glutamate toxicity was primarily due to the polar neutral fraction which increased neuronal cell survival by 23%. Neuroprotective effects in NDMA treated primary cultures were predominantly due to polar basic fraction which decreased cell death by 25% compared to control.Grant Funding Source: VRDÜR Foundation
Fatty Acid and Dietary Fiber Content of the Mesocarp of Hawaii Grown Avocados: Potential for Improved Health Benefits
Authors: Iwasaki Justin Kai Tadao , Dieron Karlo , Stewart Maria L. 
Published: June 2021

Previous research has shown that nutrient content of avocados (Persea americana) depends on growing location. Current avocado entries in USDA Nutrient Database represent only California (CA) and Florida (FL) grown avocados. Over 150 varieties of avocado are currently grown in the state of Hawaii. This study characterized selected nutrients (fatty acids and dietary fiber) in four varieties of Hawaii grown avocados. Crude lipid content was determined by soxhlet extraction. Fatty acids were derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters and analyzed by GC‐FID. Dietary fiber was determined by AOAC method 991.43. Moisture content was determined by freeze‐drying. Crude lipid differed among Hawaii grown avocados (14.2–28.2 g/100 g edible sample). Compared to FL and CA varieties, Hawaii grown avocados contained additional myristate and arachidate. Total fiber content in Hawaii grown avocados was greater than FL and CA varieties (15.3–23.68 g vs. 5.6–6.8 g /100 g edible sample). Hawaii grown avocados had a larger range of % moisture (63–77%) as compared to FL and CA varieties (77–78%) that may impact sensory qualities, nutrient and energy density values. Hawaii grown avocados have higher nutrient content as compared to FL and CA grown avocados which warrants further research on potential health benefits. Funded by USDA‐NIFA Agricultural Diversification Grant: Hawaii Tropical Specialty Fruits. R&D Award 2010‐34172‐21693.Grant Funding Source : USDA‐NIFA Agricultural Diversification Grant: Hawaii Tropical Specialty Fruits. R&D Award 2010‐34172‐21693
Development of Korean Traditional Pancake(Jeon) Containing Black Soybean for the Global Marketing as a Functional Food
Authors: jung ji-hye , yang jinyoung , park junghyun , shin junghee , kim hyunsook 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to develop a Korean traditional pancake containing black soybean for the globalization of Korean food. We prepared black soybean which cultivated at Jeollanam‐do and examined its quality characteristic. In addition, the contents of chemical components such as total polyphenol and antioxidant activity of Korean traditional pancake containing black soybean(0% BSBP, 23% BSBP, 33% BSBP) were evaluated. Total polyphenol content of 33% BSBP was the highest value of 150.41 mgGAE/100g sample. Antioxidant activity of BSBP which measured by using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity was increased in a dose dependent manner, showing about 17.12% at 33% BSBP, and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity(ORAC) activity showed about 276.21 μmTE/L at the same concentration. The BSBP also demonstrated by the analysis of isoflavone, and the content was increased in a dose dependent manner(33%BSBP‐ daidzin; 26.035 ppm, genistin 14.519 ppm, daidzein; 1.799 ppm, genistein; 7.514 ppm). These results indicate that Korean traditional jeon containing black soybean expected to develop a functional pancake. This work was supported by Korean Food Foundation and BK 21.Grant Funding Source: Korean Food Foundation
DHA supplementation does not improve Western diet induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Frye Melinda A , Jeckel Kimberly M , Mulligan Christopher M , Hegarty Jennifer R , Chapman Phillip J , Pagliassotti Michael J , Veeramachaneni DN , Chicco Adam J 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo identify gross, cellular and ultrastructural myocardial changes with consumption of a Western diet, and subsequent modification with DHA supplementation.MethodsWistar and SD rats were fed 1 of 3 diets for 12 weeks (n = 10): control (CON); Western (WES); Western + DHA (WES+DHA). Myocardial structure and function were measured echocardiographically. Tissue was processed for fatty acid analysis (TLC‐GC) and quantitation of collagen (Masson's trichrome, hydroxyproline), lipid (Oil Red O, TG content) and myocyte area. Ultrastructure was evaluated by TEM.ResultsWES+DHA rats had diastolic dysfunction and more global left ventricular wall thickening compared to WES rats. Myocardial phospholipids reflected diet; a strain effect was present in that SD had less EPA and DPA, and more arachidonic acid. Myocardial TG were lower with WES and WES+DHA feeding. Myocyte area was increased in WES rats compared to CON. In both fat‐fed groups, TEM revealed myofibril degeneration, mitochondria with disorganized cristae and associated lipid vacuoles consistent with fatty degeneration.ConclusionsIn the absence of hypertension and calculated insulin resistance, consumption of a Western diet was associated with altered myocardial structure and function that was either exacerbated or unchanged by DHA feeding. Strain differences in FA accretion may underlie heterogeneous data from rodent dietary obese studies.Funding provided by the NIH National Center for Research Resources and the Colorado State University College Research Council
Nutritional Status for less‐explored micronutrients in underprivileged Guatemalan preschool children: Vitamins D
Authors: Hernández Liza , Solomons Noel W. , Romero-Abal María-Eugenia , de María Gamero Flor , Armas Laura , Bonorden Melissa J.L. , Herreid Richard M. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWhereas iron, vitamin A, iodine, zinc and folate are prominent on the public health nutrition agenda, vitamin D has been lower on the interest horizon. Particular dietary or environmental characteristics of Guatemala may predispose to insufficient or deficient nutrient status.ObjectiveTo assess vit D status in a convenience sample of preschoolers in disadvantaged urban and rural communities receiving subsidized meals.Methods104 serum samples were obtained from boys and girls meals in 3 sites in the Central Highlands of Guatemala, 47 from 2 urban (U) centers and 57 from a rural (R) center. Serum 25(OH)D was measured on a Liaison instrument (DiaSorin, Inc., Stillwater, MN) using a chemiluminescent assay in Omaha, Nebraska. Respective cutoff criteria for deficient and insufficient for 25(OH)D were <20 and 20–30 ng/mL. The contribution of dietary vit D from center menus was estimated.ResultsOverall mean 25(OH)D concentration (ng/mL) was 26±6, 27±6 (U) and 25±7 (R) (p>0.05). Globally, 20.2% had deficient values and 56.7% had insufficient values. Deficiency rates by setting were 12.7% (U) and 26.0% (R), and insufficiency rates, 59.6% (U) and 54.4% (R). The 1 or 2 meals offered by the centers provided averages of 0.12–0.90 μg vit D/d.ConclusionSub‐adequate vit D status is a common feature of preschoolers in day‐care center populations, without geographic distinction, related in part to low dietary intakes.
Formative research on hygiene behaviors and geophagy as part of interventions to improve infant growth
Authors: Ngure Francis Muigai , Humphrey Jean H , Mbuya Mduduzi N. N. , Mutasa Kuda , Majo Florence , Chasekwa Bernard , Prendergast Andrew , Curtis Valerie , Stoltzfus Rebecca J. 
Published: June 2021

The predominant pathways for fecal‐oral transmission of bacteria for infants may differ from adults and these have not been studied. We conducted direct observation of 23 caregiver‐infant pairs for a total of 130 hours and recorded WASH related behaviors. We identified “potential key vectors” for fecal‐oral transmission of bacteria and enumerated Escherichia coli, Total coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic counts. In addition to infant's fingers, food, and drinking water, three infants actively ingested soil 11.3 ±9.2 times (mean ±SD) and two ingested chicken feces 2± 1.4 times in 6 hours. Infants’ hands were rarely washed and never with soap unless as part of a bath. Drinking water was contaminated with E. coli in 12/22 (54.5 %) households, while no infant food samples tested positive for E coli. Quantitatively, a year old infant ingesting 1 gram chicken feces in a day, 20 grams of soil from a laundry area of the kitchen yard and 400 ml of contaminated water consumes 4,700,000 to 23,000,000, 440 to 4,240 and 400 to 1,200 E. coli counts, respectively, from these sources. These findings suggest that predominant pathways for fecal‐oral transmission of bacteria among infants include direct ingestion of soil and chicken. Behavior change education should include breaking socio‐cultural beliefs that soil ingestion is beneficial for infant health, which are common throughout the world.Grant Funding Source : Department for International Development (DFID), United Kingdom
Bryostatin‐1 vs. TPPB: A direct comparison of APP processing and PKC activation in neuronal cells
Authors: Yi Ping , Castor Trevor P , Schrott Lisa , Alexander J Steven 
Published: June 2021

The activation of the alpha‐secretase pathway appears to be a critical therapeutic advance in Alzheimerˈs disease. There are two important classes of agents which can activate this pathway, the benzolactam/indolactams and bryostatin/bryologues. Both appear to modulate APP processing through PKC dependent pathways, but a direct comparison of these two classes in a neuronal cell line has not been performed. In this study, SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were selected as a model and dilutions of Bryostatin‐1 or TPPB were added to serum‐free culture medium to final concentration for 3h, except in time‐course experiments. After treatment, alpha‐secretase activity and translocation of PKC isoforms were detected by western blotting. Our results showed Bryostatin‐1 induces s‐APPa release in SH‐SY5Y cells at several orders of magnitude lower concentration, and at earlier time points than TPPB. We also found Bryostatin‐1 activates PKC‐a, PKC‐d and PKC‐e translocation in SH‐SY5Y cells at 10‐8M, 10‐9M and 10‐10M and different time points, howere TPPB only induced PKC‐a translocation at 10‐9M at 3h. Bryostatin‐1 thus appears to exert a more rapid, potent and sustained activation of APP processing which is associated with its much more potent and specific activation of PKC‐d and PKC‐e at lower doses.This research was supported by a grant from the NIA and NIH (1R44AG034760‐01A1)