bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 on gastrointestinal inflammation induced by a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Mäkelä Sanna M. , Forssten Sofia D. , Kailajärvi Marita , Langén Ville L. , Scheinin Mika , Tiihonen Kirsti , Ouwehand Arthur C. 
Published: April 2021

AimsUse of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause damage to the gastric and duodenal mucosa. Some probiotics have proven useful in ameliorating the harmful side‐effects of NSAIDs. Our aim was to evaluate whether oral administration of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420) can attenuate the increase of calprotectin excretion into faeces induced by intake of diclofenac sustained‐release tablets.MethodsA double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled and randomized clinical study was performed in 50 healthy male and female volunteers aged 20–40 years, in Finland. Study participation consisted of 4 phases: run‐in, intervention with B420 or placebo, B420 or placebo + NSAID treatment, and follow‐up. The primary outcome was the concentration of calprotectin in faeces. Secondary outcomes were haemoglobin and microbial DNA in faeces and blood haemoglobin levels.ResultsIntake of diclofenac increased the faecal excretion of calprotectin in both groups. The observed increases were 48.19 ± 61.55 μg/g faeces (mean ± standard deviation) in the B420 group and 31.30 ± 39.56 μg/g in the placebo group (difference estimate 16.90; 95% confidence interval: −14.00, 47.77; P = .276). There were no significant differences between the treatment groups in changes of faecal or blood haemoglobin. Faecal B. lactis DNA was much more abundant in the B420 group compared to the placebo group (ANOVA estimate for treatment difference 0.85 × 109/g faeces; 95% confidence interval: 0.50 × 109, 1.21 × 109; P < .0001).ConclusionsShort‐term administration of the probiotic B420 did not protect the healthy adult study participants from diclofenac‐induced gastrointestinal inflammation as determined by analysis of faecal calprotectin levels.
Broadening constructionism through visual modelling: My self as subject and object
Authors: Clayson James E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this personal essay, I explain how my use of visual modelling has the capacity to broaden constructionism in five important ways. (1) It introduces new techniques for students to describe and document, in a personal way, what they are actually doing in modelling. (2) It introduces the big ideas of mathematical modelling and computational thinking in a way that is far more inclusive than many other constructionist‐oriented courses that are labelled as math, science or computer science. (3) It favours the modelling of student‐selected objects in the physical world over the modelling of concepts and problems drawn more directly from traditional math and science. (4) It introduces the core ideas of design and colour theories in context. (5) It demonstrates the benefits of using narratives and personal journaling to explore the thought processes that help us make sense of the world.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

We know a great deal about the successes of STEM‐centred constructionism.
Constructionist‐inspired Scratch, FabLabs and Maker Fairs attract millions in and out of schools all over the world.
The worldwide teaching of coding, beginning in the earliest years, is now informed by constructionist ideas. UCL ScratchMaths is a good example of this.
What this paper adds

It expands constructionist teaching and research beyond math and computer science, into the fine arts, social sciences, literature and the humanities.
It describes a multidisciplinary teaching project, begun in 1981, that mixes mathematical modelling, computer programming, drawing, narrative psychology, art history, design theory, intellectual history, writing and theatre—within a constructivist/constructionist framework.
It recommends that the history of successful interdisciplinary courses, like the one described in this paper, should be better known and documented so that lessons can be shared.
Implications for practice and/or policy

For constructionism to become a theory of learning, constructionists must first explore learning in many different disciplines and contexts. Interdisciplinarity can provide a useful opening for doing so.
For constructionists to play an important role in creating interdisciplinary courses, they must not just learn to work openly with colleagues from other disciplines, but they must also be eager to read and study approaches different from their own.
Finally, interdisciplinary activity occurs most felicitously when the actors involved commit to respectful exchanges, attentive listening and a willingness to create a common enterprise.
Serum hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2: A candidate prognostic biomarker for laryngeal cancer
Authors: Eskiizmir Görkem , Çalıbaşı Koçal Gizem , Uysal Tuğba , Ellidokuz Hülya , Başpınar Yasemin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the serum hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 (HIF‐1, ‐2 and ‐3) levels in patients with laryngeal neoplasm, and to investigate their role in differential diagnosis, prediction of tumour characteristic and extension, and prognosis and survival.Study DesignProspective, cohort study at a tertiary referral centre.SettingsThe study was conducted in a tertiary medical centre.ParticipantsPatients with benign, premalignant and malignant laryngeal neoplasms were included. Sixty‐four patients with a laryngeal neoplasm were enrolled.Main Outcome MeasuresSerum HIF‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 levels were measured from blood samples that were drawn before treatment, using ELISA.ResultsA statistically significant difference between benign (HIF‐1, ‐2, ‐3:4046,1 pg/mL; 2581,5 pg/mL; 1321,0 pg/mL), premalignant (HIF‐1, ‐2, ‐3:3630,3 pg/mL; 3229,7 pg/mL; 2549,8 pg/mL) and malignant (HIF‐1, ‐2, ‐3:3576,7 pg/mL; 2595,8 pg/mL; 1106,3 pg/mL) laryngeal neoplasms was not detected when serum HIF‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 levels were compared. However, high serum HIF‐2 level adversely affected survival and locoregional control and had more than 7‐fold increase in hazard ratio. Moreover, serum HIF‐2 was an independent prognostic factor for 2‐year overall, disease‐free, distant metastasis‐free survival and locoregional control.ConclusionThis is the first clinical study in which the diagnostic, predictive and prognostic roles of hypoxia‐related biomolecules were examined in laryngeal neoplasms. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2 is a prognostic factor in larynx cancer irrespective of treatment modality.
Renal haemodynamic response to sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibition does not depend on protein intake: An analysis of three randomized controlled trials
Authors: van der Aart‐van der Beek Annemarie B. , Cherney David , Laverman Gozewijn D. , Stefansson Bergur , van Raalte Daniel H. , Hoogenberg Klaas , Reyner Daniel , Li Qiang , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Greasley Peter J. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh protein intake may increase intraglomerular pressure through dilation of the afferent arteriole. Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may reduce intraglomerular pressure through activation of tubuloglomerular feedback. Given these opposing effects, we assessed whether the effect of dapagliflozin on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) was modified by estimated dietary protein intake using data from three separate randomized controlled trials (DELIGHT, IMPROVE and DIAMOND). The median protein intake was 58.4, 63.6 and 90.0 g/d, respectively. In the DELIGHT trial (n = 233), dapagliflozin compared to placebo caused an acute and reversible dip in GFR of 2.1 and 2.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, and reduced UACR by 20.5% and 28.4% in participants with high and low protein intake, respectively. Similarly, in IMPROVE (n = 30) and DIAMOND (n = 53), the effect of dapagliflozin on GFR and UACR was comparable in participants with high and low protein intake (all P for interaction > 0.40). This post hoc, exploratory analysis of three clinical trials suggests that dietary protein intake does not modify the individual response of clinical kidney variables to dapagliflozin.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability and efficacy of cotadutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, in phase 1 and 2 trials in overweight or obese participants of Asian descent with or without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Asano Michiko , Sekikawa Akiko , Kim Hyosung , Gasser Robert A. , Robertson Darren , Petrone Marcella , Jermutus Lutz , Ambery Philip 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of cotadutide, a dual glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucagon receptor agonist, in overweight Asian participants with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsIn the phase 1, randomized, blinded, single‐ascending dose study, 24 Japanese and eight Chinese healthy adults (body mass index [BMI] 23‐40 kg/m2) received one subcutaneous dose of cotadutide (50‐150 or 100 μg, respectively) or placebo. The primary endpoint was safety. In the phase 2a, randomized, double‐blinded, parallel dose‐ranging study with forced uptitration, 61 Japanese adults with T2D (BMI 24‐40 kg/m2; HbA1c 7.0%‐10.5%) received cotadutide (100, 200, 300 μg) or placebo for 48 days. Co‐primary endpoints were safety/tolerability, change in glucose AUC0‐4h and body weight.ResultsSignificant reductions from baseline to day 48 were observed with cotadutide for glucose AUC0‐4h (33.6%‐42.1% reduction vs. +2.5% with placebo; 95% CIs: 100 μg −45.7%, −33.7%; 200 μg −35.6%, −23.7%; 300 μg −45.0%, −30.8%; placebo 3.4%, 8.3%) and body weight (1.3%‐2.5% decrease vs. +0.8% with placebo; 95% CIs: 100 μg −3.4%, −0.8%; 200 μg −4.7%, −2.0%; 300 μg −4.6%, −2.1%; placebo −2.1%, 0.4%). The most common adverse events with cotadutide were mild gastrointestinal symptoms with no serious adverse events. Increased pulse rate with cotadutide versus placebo is consistent with GLP‐1 monoagonists.ConclusionsOnce‐daily cotadutide was effective and well tolerated up to 300 μg in overweight Japanese patients with T2D. Further evaluation in Asian populations is warranted.
How can countries improve human development? Four distinct national planning strategies and the challenges for human development ahead
Authors: Telch Fabian , Appe Susan 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMotivationHow can countries improve their human development? This article compares the national planning strategies of four countries with distinct approaches to human development.PurposeWe explore what human development means and analyse, from a comparative perspective, how human development is present in the national planning strategies in Bhutan, Colombia, Ecuador, and Sweden.Methods and approachWe collect the national planning strategy documents of these four countries. We use a deductive approach to code these data based on Sen’s human development theoretical framework, namely the five instrumental freedoms that are the primary ends and means of development: political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security.FindingsOur findings reveal that, despite varying socioeconomic and political conditions, and distinct strategies to achieve human development, these countries ultimately articulate similar challenges in their efforts to achieve human development, which include globalization and economic diversification, climate change, rising inequality, ineffective public administration, and demographic changes.Policy implicationsWe further explore these challenges to better understand how national planning strategies can improve human development. Because the solutions for improving human development are interrelated and must be conducted in a comprehensive way, national planning strategies are important for their co‐ordination. We conclude that there are common challenges for countries looking ahead to achieve human development, no matter their political, economic, social, and cultural conditions. Our audience is present and future development scholars and decision‐makers.
Ocean seascapes predict distant‐water fishing vessel incursions into exclusive economic zones
Authors: Woodill A. John , Kavanaugh Maria , Harte Michael , Watson James R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany of the world's most important fisheries are experiencing illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, thereby undermining efforts to sustainably conserve and manage fish stocks. A major challenge to ending IUU fishing is improving our ability to identify whether a vessel is fishing illegally and where illegal fishing is likely to occur in the ocean. However, monitoring the oceans is costly, time‐consuming, and logistically challenging for maritime authorities to patrol. To address this problem, we use vessel tracking data and machine learning to predict whether a distant‐water fishing vessel is fishing within the Argentine exclusive economic zone (EEZ) on the Patagonian Shelf, one of the world's most productive regions for fisheries. We combine vessel location data with oceanographic seascapes—classes of oceanic areas based on oceanographic variables—and other remotely sensed oceanographic variables to train a series of machine learning models of varying levels of complexity. These models are able to predict whether a distant‐water fishing vessel is operating inside the EEZ with 69%–96% confidence, depending on the year and predictor variables used. These results offer a promising step towards pre‐empting illegal activities, rather than reacting to them forensically.
Latitudinal variation in the diversity–disturbance relationship demonstrates the context dependence of disturbance impacts
Authors: Bracewell Sally A. , Dafforn Katherine A. , Lavender James T. , Clark Graeme F. , Johnston Emma L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe shape of the diversity–disturbance relationship is context dependent, but the mechanisms driving this context dependence are unclear due to limited standardized empirical assessments across different environmental and ecological settings. At seven sites and over 20° of latitude, spanning both temperate and tropical systems, we measured community response to a fine‐scale experimental disturbance gradient in communities of benthic invertebrates.LocationEast coast of Australia (16.48–36.43° S).Time periodSixty‐six weeks (August 2012–November 2013).Major taxa studiedBenthic marine invertebrates.MethodsCommunities were grown on acrylic tiles and subjected to four experimental disturbance events over a 66‐week period. At the end of this period, the effect of increasing disturbance extent (from 0% to 100% community clearance) on measures of alpha and beta diversity were assessed.ResultsIn the tropics, richness and diversity increased with disturbance because the creation of free space allowed for the colonization of new recruits. In temperate communities, increasing disturbance led to a monotonic loss in species richness and a more hump‐shaped relationship in evenness and diversity. In the tropics, compositional change with increasing disturbance was driven by changes in species identities and abundances as the cover of rare species increased. In temperate regions, however, differences in species abundances were primarily responsible for compositional changes, reflecting the shift to algal dominance in conditions of high disturbance.Main conclusionsThe shape of the diversity–disturbance relationship changed over latitude, indicating that the concept of “intermediate” disturbance differs amongst these communities. Faster rates of increases in bare space, loss of species richness and a shift to algal dominance suggest that, in these systems, higher‐latitude communities are more susceptible to negative outcomes of high levels of disturbance than lower‐latitude communities. We discuss how differences in community dynamics, including competition, regional diversity and availability of propagules, help to explain this pattern.
The Rise and Stall of EU Macro‐Prudential Policy. An Empirical Analysis of Policy Conflicts over Financial Stability, Market Integration, and National Discretion*
Authors: Stellinga Bart 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe 2007–09 financial crisis appeared to demonstrate the need for a strong, supranational EU macro‐prudential policy framework to prevent similar future disasters. The implemented framework, however, is neither. It is highly complex, involving many constraints on the use of macro‐prudential instruments. It is also one of the principal areas of national discretion in EU banking regulation. To explain this, I build on the ‘financial trilemma’ thesis which holds that there are inherent tensions between pursuing financial stability, financial integration and national financial policies. Supranationalizing macro‐prudential policy proved difficult due to a lack of consensus on how to measure systemic risks and because of the distributional consequences involved. This increased the tension between stability and integration, as national macro‐prudential policies could constrain cross‐border finance and they could be misused for competitiveness considerations. Key policy actors disagreed on which goals to prioritize, with bargaining leading to a convoluted policy framework.
Prevalence of clinical‐level emotional/behavioral problems in schoolchildren during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Takahashi Fumito , Honda Hideo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral empirical studies have investigated negative mental health outcomes related to the spread of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, little is known about children's emotional/behavioral problems, especially externalizing problems, during such situations. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate pandemic‐related emotional/behavioral problems and their risk factors among schoolchildren in Japan.MethodsA total of 4800 parents with children in grades 1−12 participated in a two‐wave longitudinal survey. Wave 1 and Wave 2 were conducted on March 4−8 and May 15−18, 2020, respectively. Survey items included demographic information, parental depression, children's diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders, the total length of school closure, and emotional/behavioral problems. Children's emotional/behavioral problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which has cutoff points to differentiate clinical‐level problems, which were the primary focus of this study.ResultsThe proportions of clinical‐level problems were higher at Wave 2 (emotional symptoms = 24.8%, conduct problems = 22.7%, hyperactivity/inattention = 36.8%, peer relationship problems = 36.2%, and lack of prosocial behavior = 23.5%) compared to Wave 1. Lower grade‐level and lower annual family income predicted the increased proportions of children's clinical‐level emotional symptoms, hyperactivity/inattention, and prosocial behavior at Wave 2. The total length of school closure was not a significant predictor of subsequent emotional/behavioral problems. The highest proportion of clinical‐level problems at Wave 2 for the four SDQ subscales was observed in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.ConclusionsThe number of schoolchildren with severe emotional/behavioral problems increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Appropriate prevention and early intervention programs should be provided, especially for children who are in lower grade levels, have low family incomes, or have neurodevelopmental disorders.
The impact of plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D on pulmonary function and exercise physiology in cystic fibrosis: A multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Revuelta Iniesta Raquel , Causer Adam J. , Arregui‐Fresneda Irantzu , Connett Gary , Allenby Mark I. , Daniels Thomas , Carroll Mary P. , Urquhart Don S. , Saynor Zoe L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) may exert immunomodulatory effects on respiratory health, which may translate to improvements in exercise physiology. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether plasma 25OHD is associated with lung function and aerobic fitness in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF).MethodsA multicentre retrospective review of pwCF (> 9 years old) attending the Royal Hospital for Sick Children (Edinburgh) or Wessex CF‐Unit (Southampton) was performed between July 2017 and October 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Plasma 25OHD measured closest in time to clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing and/or spirometry [forced expiratory volume (FEV1)% predicted] was recorded. Pancreatic insufficiency was diagnosed based on faecal elastase of < 100 µg g−1. We performed multiple‐regression analysis with aerobic fitness outcomes [peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak)] and FEV1% predicted as primary outcomes.ResultsNinety pwCF [mean ± SD age: 19.1 ± 8.6 years, 54 (60%) children, 48 (53%) males and 88 (98%) Caucasian] were included. 25OHD deficiency and insufficiency was 15 (17%) and 44 (49%), respectively. 25OHD deficiency and insufficiency was significantly associated with pancreatic insufficiency (χ2 = 4.8, p = 0.02). Plasma 25OHD was not significantly associated with FEV1% predicted (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.42, 95% CI = −0.09 to 0.19) or VO2 peak (r2 = 0.04, p = 0.07, 95% CI = −011 to 0.005) in all pwCF. However, 25OHD was significantly associated with both FEV1% (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.02, 95% CI = 1.99–2.64) and VO2 peak (r2 = 0.13, p = 0.05, 95% CI = −0.26 to −0.005) in the paediatric cohort.ConclusionsWe showed that 25OHD is associated with improved lung function and aerobic fitness in children and adolescents with CF. Mechanistic and high‐quality prospective studies including both lung function and aerobic fitness as primary outcomes are now warranted.
Do Physiological and Spiritual Factors Affect Economic Decisions?
Authors: DEMIROGLU CEM , OZBAS OGUZHAN , SILVA RUI C. , ULU MEHMET FATİH 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe examine the effects of physiology and spiritual sentiment on economic decision‐making in the context of Ramadan, an entire lunar month of daily fasting and increased spiritual reflection in the Muslim faith. Using an administrative data set of bank loans originated in Turkey during 2003 to 2013, we find that small business loans originated during Ramadan are 15% more likely to default within two years of origination. Loans originated in hot Ramadans, when adverse physiological effects of fasting are greatest, and those approved by the busiest bank branches perform worse. Despite their worse performance, Ramadan loans have lower credit spreads.
Spreading language ideologies through social media: Enregistering the ‘fake ABC’ variety in Hong Kong
Authors: Chau Dennis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores how language ideologies are disseminated on social media through examining the enregisterment of a pseudo‐variety of language attributed to people in Hong Kong who are supposedly trying to act ‘Western’. Comments from Facebook discussions about ‘fake American‐born Chinese’ (fake ABC) are analyzed to identify the linguistic features people attribute to these speakers and how their attitudes towards these features reflect larger assumptions about language. The analysis shows how this pseudo‐variety is enregistered through collaborative stylization and metalinguistic commentary by online commenters and how this enregisterment reinforces a range of language ideologies dominant in contemporary Hong Kong, including ideologies of ‘standardness’, linguistic purity and authenticity. The analysis not only traces these beliefs to long‐standing conflicts within the society around such issues as race, gender, politics and national identity but also argues that language mocking practices on social media have become an important means through which ideologies are circulated and maintained.