bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate-Amplifying Demand and the Excess Sensitivity of Long-Term Rates
Authors: Hanson Samuel G , Lucca David O , Wright Jonathan H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Long-term nominal interest rates are surprisingly sensitive to high-frequency (daily or monthly) movements in short-term rates. Since 2000, this high-frequency sensitivity has grown even stronger in U.S. data. By contrast, the association between low-frequency changes (at 6- or 12-month horizons) in long- and short-term rates, which was also strong before 2000, has weakened substantially. This puzzling post-2000 pattern arises because increases in short rates temporarily raise the term premium component of long-term yields, leading long rates to temporarily overreact to changes in short rates. The frequency-dependent excess sensitivity of long-term rates that we observe in recent years is best understood using a model in which (i) declines in short rates trigger “rate-amplifying” shifts in investor demand for long-term bonds, and (ii) the arbitrage response to these demand shifts is both limited and slow. We study, theoretically and empirically, how such rate-amplifying demand can be traced to mortgage-refinancing activity, investors who extrapolate recent changes in short rates, and investors who “reach for yield” when short rates fall. We discuss the implications of our findings for the validity of event study methodologies and the transmission of monetary policy.
X-RAY AND MOLECULAR IMAGING DURING PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING—WHEN SHOULD WE BE WORRIED?
Authors: Mattsson Sören , Leide-Svegborn Sigrid , Andersson Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSome of the ethically most sensitive issues in radiation protection arise at imaging of pregnant—and potentially pregnant—patients and of newborn.This article reviews the current literature and recommendations on imaging during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Risks related to alternative non-ionizing radiation methods are also considered.With few exceptions, exposure of the fetus through radiography, computed tomography (CT) and nuclear medicine imaging can be limited to safe levels, although studies such as abdominal-pelvic CT cannot avoid significant exposure to fetuses. Eight to 10 weeks post-conception, the fetus has a thyroid which starts to concentrate iodide having crossed the placenta barrier resulting in unacceptably high doses to the fetal thyroid after administration of 131I- and even 123I-iodide and other radiopharmaceuticals with a high content of free radioiodine.Many radiopharmaceuticals are excreted through breast milk. Breastfeeding interruption recommendations should be followed to keep the effective dose to the infant below 1 mSv.
Universal Toxicity Gene Signatures for Early Identification of Drug-Induced Tissue Injuries in Rats
Authors: Glaab Warren E , Holder Daniel , He Yudong D , Bailey Wendy J , Gerhold David L , Beare Carolann , Erdos Zoltan , Lane Pamela , Michna Laura , Muniappa Nagaraja , Lawrence Jeffrey W , Tanis Keith Q , Sina Joseph F , Skopek Thomas R , Sistare Frank D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A new safety testing paradigm that relies on gene expression biomarker panels was developed to easily and quickly identify drug-induced injuries across tissues in rats prior to drug candidate selection. Here, we describe the development, qualification, and implementation of gene expression signatures that diagnose tissue degeneration/necrosis for use in early rat safety studies. Approximately 400 differentially expressed genes were first identified that were consistently regulated across 4 prioritized tissues (liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle), following injuries induced by known toxicants. Hundred of these “universal” genes were chosen for quantitative PCR, and the most consistent and robustly responding transcripts selected, resulting in a final 22-gene set from which unique sets of 12 genes were chosen as optimal for each tissue. The approach was extended across 4 additional tissues (pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and testes) where toxicities are less common. Mathematical algorithms were generated to convert each tissue’s 12-gene expression values to a single metric, scaled between 0 and 1, and a positive threshold set. For liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle, this was established using a training set of 22 compounds and performance determined by testing a set of approximately 100 additional compounds, resulting in 74%–94% sensitivity and 94%–100% specificity for liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, and 54%–62% sensitivity and 95%–98% specificity for heart. Similar performance was observed across a set of 15 studies for pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and testes. Bundled together, we have incorporated these tissue signatures into a 4-day rat study, providing a rapid assessment of commonly seen compound liabilities to guide selection of lead candidates without the necessity to perform time-consuming histopathologic analyses.
OPDAT1, a plastid envelope protein involved in 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid export for jasmonic acid biosynthesis in Populus
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Nannan , Song Qin , Li Xiaohong , Meng Hongjun , Luo Keming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Twelve-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), the cyclopentenone precursor of jasmonic acid (JA), is required for the wounding response of plants. OPDA is derived from plastid-localized α-linolenic acid (α-LeA; 18:3) via the octadecanoid pathway, and is further exported from plastids to the cytosol for JA biosynthesis. However, the mechanism of OPDA transport from plastids has yet to be elucidated. In the current study, a plastid inner envelope-localized protein, designated 12-oxo-Phtyodienoic Acid Transporter 1 (OPDAT1), was identified and shown to potentially be involved in OPDA export from plastids, in Populus trichocarpa. Torr. OPDAT1 is expressed predominantly in young leaves of P. trichocarpa. Functional expression of OPDAT1 in yeast cells revealed that OPDAT1 is involved in OPDA transport. Loss-of-function of OPDAT1 in poplar resulted in increased accumulation of OPDA in the extracted plastids and a reduction in JA concentration, whereas an OPDAT1-overexpressing line showed a reverse tendency in OPDA accumulation and JA biosynthesis. OPDAT1 transcripts were rapidly induced by mechanical wounding of leaves, and an opdat1 mutant transgenic plant displayed increased susceptibility to spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestation. Collectively, these data suggest that OPDAT1 is an inner envelope transporter for OPDA, and this has potential implications for JA biosynthesis in poplar under environmental stresses.
The Relationship Between Patient Satisfaction and Healthcare Expenditures in Adults with Spine Related Disorders
Authors: Gliedt Jordan A. , Walker Rebekah J. , Lu Kaiwei , Dawson Aprill Z. , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: April 2021

Study Design.
Cross-sectional study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patient satisfaction (PS) and healthcare expenditures (HCE) in adults with spine related disorders (SRDs).

Summary of Background Data.
SRDs are widespread and pose a high cost to society. PS and HCE have yet to be studied in this population.

Methods.
Fifteen thousand eight hundred fifty adults with SRDs from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) (2008–2015) were analyzed. The MEPS medical conditions files were used to identify SRDs based on International Classification of Diseases-9 codes. Frequencies and percentages of sample demographics were calculated. HCE was measured as total direct payments for care provided during the survey year. A composite PS score was constructed using a 0 to 10 rating of their healthcare providers combined with the frequency in which patients felt they were listened to, were given understandable explanations, were respected, and were given enough time. Mean unadjusted HCE were calculated for each year and by quartile of PS. A two-part model consisting of a probit model and subsequent generalized linear model with gamma distribution was performed, adjusting for relevant covariates. Margins command was used to calculate incremental estimates of HCE.

Results.
Mean unadjusted HCE increased annually from $7057 (95% confidence interval [CI], $6516, $7597) in 2008 to $9820 (95% CI, $8811, $10,830) in 2015 for adults with SRDs. Adjusting for predisposing factors, individuals in second, third, and fourth quartiles of PS were significantly different from the first quartile. Adjusting for predisposing and enabling factors, only fourth quartile was significantly different from first quartile. After adjusting for predisposing, enabling and need factors, second, third, and fourth quartiles were no longer significantly different from the first quartile.

Conclusion.
Expenditures have increased over time in adults with SRDs. PS is significantly associated with expenditures after controlling for predisposing and enabling factors, but not significant after controlling for need factors. Need factors appear to explain the relationship between lower levels of PS and higher HCE in adults with SRDs.

Level of Evidence: 2
Early coronary healing in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: sirolimus-eluting stents vs. drug-coated balloons after bare-metal stents. The PEBSI-2 optical coherence tomography randomized study
Authors: García-Touchard Arturo , Gonzalo Nieves , Goicolea Javier , Gomez-Lara Josep , Martín-Yuste Victoria , Peral Vicente , Martínez-Romero Pedro , Vaquerizo Beatriz , Sánchez-Recalde Ángel , Sarnago Fernando , Oteo Juan Francisco , Alfonso Fernando 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have theoretical advantages over drug-eluting stents (DESs) to facilitate stent healing. We studied whether, in patients undergoing primary coronary interventions (pPCIs), a strategy of DCB after bare-metal stent improves early healing as determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) compared with new-generation DES.

Methods
pPCI patients were randomized (1:1) to treatment with new-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (DES group) or DCB-strategy. Vessel healing was assessed by OCT at 90 days.

Results
Fifty-three patients were randomized (26 DES vs. 27 DCB). At 90 days, both strategies showed a low rate of uncovered struts (3.2 vs. 3.2%, P = 0.64) and a very high and similar rate of covered and apposed struts (96.6 vs. 96.1%, respectively; P = 0.58). However, DCB group had a significantly lower rate of major coronary evaginations (68 vs. 37%, P = 0.026), and more frequently developed a thin homogeneous neointimal layer (20 vs. 70.4%, P = 0.001) suggesting distinct superior healing at 3 months compared to DES.

Conclusions
In pPCI both, sirolimus-DES and DCB-strategy, provide excellent strut coverage at 3 months. However, DCB ensures more advanced and optimal stent healing compared to sirolimus-DES. Further research is needed to determine whether, in patients undergoing pPCI, DCB offers superior long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes than new-generation DES (NCT03610347).
Social Identities of Persons With Schizophrenia and Social Functioning
Authors: Pérez Vanesa , Melo Luisa Elena Hernández , del Carmen Lara-Muñoz María , Kopelowicz Alex , Ullman Jodie , López Steven Regeser 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We apply social identity theory and self-categorization theory to examine the role of social identities in relation to the recovery of persons with schizophrenia. We assess whether illness-based and non–illness-based identities held by both those with schizophrenia and their caregivers explain additional variance in social functioning in persons with schizophrenia beyond the previously established predictors of negative symptoms and theory of mind. Sixty Mexican-origin adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and their family caregivers were obtained through an outpatient mental health clinic located in either Los Angeles, CA, or in Puebla, Mexico. A three-step hierarchical regression indicated that identity endorsements, from both the perspective of the person with schizophrenia and their caregiver, and negative symptomatology are significant independent predictors of social functioning. Specifically, greater endorsement of nonillness identities both for the person with schizophrenia and also their caregiver is associated with higher social functioning. Illness identity plays an important role in the path to recovery.
Panel-reactive Antibody and the Association of Early Steroid Withdrawal With Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Bae Sunjae , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. , Massie Allan B. , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline M. , Coresh Josef , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: April 2021

Background.
Early steroid withdrawal (ESW) is a viable maintenance immunosuppression strategy in low-risk kidney transplant recipients. A low panel-reactive antibody (PRA) may indicate low-risk condition amenable to ESW. We aimed to identify the threshold value of PRA above which ESW may pose additional risk and to compare the association of ESW with transplant outcomes across PRA strata.

Methods.
We studied 121 699 deceased-donor kidney-only recipients in 2002–2017 from Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Using natural splines and ESW-PRA interaction terms, we explored how the associations of ESW with transplant outcomes change with increasing PRA values and identified a threshold value for PRA. Then, we assessed whether PRA exceeding the threshold modified the associations of ESW with 1-y acute rejection, death-censored graft failure, and death.

Results.
The association of ESW with acute rejection exacerbated rapidly when PRA exceeded 60. Among PRA ≤60 recipients, ESW was associated with a minor increase in rejection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.001.051.10) and with a tendency of decreased graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.910.971.03). However, among PRA >60 recipients, ESW was associated with a substantial increase in rejection (aOR, 1.191.271.36; interaction P < 0.001) and with a tendency of increased graft failure (aHR, 0.981.081.20; interaction P = 0.028). The association of ESW with death was similar between PRA strata (PRA ≤60, aHR, 0.910.961.01; and PRA >60, aHR, 0.900.991.09; interaction P = 0.5).

Conclusions.
Our findings show that the association of ESW with transplant outcomes is less favorable in recipients with higher PRA, especially those with PRA >60, suggesting a possible role of PRA in the risk assessment for ESW.
Antimicrobial resistance and multilocus sequence types of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from dogs and cats in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Takae , Tsuyuki Yuzo , Shimoike Kenta , Iyori Keita , Miyamoto Tadashi , Harada Kazuki 
Published: April 2021

As the representative multidrug-resistant pathogen,

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

has multiple intrinsic and acquired resistances, including carbapenem resistance. In companion animals, the antimicrobial susceptibility and sequence types (STs) of

S. maltophilia

are not well understood due to its limited isolation rate. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibilities and multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) of 38

S

.

maltophilia

strains isolated from dogs and cats in Japan. Prevalence of resistance was detected for imipenem (100 %), aztreonam (94.7 %), piperacillin (65.8 %), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (65.8 %), and ceftazidime (60.5 %). Rates of resistances to chloramphenicol, minocycline, and levofloxacin were low (2.6–5.3 %). MLST analysis revealed that all 38 strains were assigned to 34 STs, including 11 previously reported STs and 23 newly identified STs. Phylogenetic analysis of MLSTs enabled categorization of 13 isolates (34.2 %) into genogroup 6, which is a major genogroup of human isolates. Multinational surveillance would be needed to clarify the significance of antimicrobial-resistant

S. maltophilia

isolates from companion animals.
Co-Immune: a case study on open innovation for vaccination hesitancy and access
Authors: Masselot Camille M. , Tzovaras Bastian Greshake , Graham Chris L.B. , Finnegan Gary , Jeyaram Rathin , Vitali Isabelle , Landrain Thomas E. , Santolini Marc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe rise of major complex public health problems, such as vaccination hesitancy and access to vaccination, requires innovative, open and transdisciplinary approaches. In spite of this, institutional silos, paywalls and lack of participation of non-academic citizens in the design of solutions hamper efforts to meet these challenges. Against this background, new solutions have been explored, with participatory research, citizen science, hackathon and challenge-based approaches being applied in the context of public health.ObjectivesOur ambition was to develop a framework for creating citizen science and open innovation projects that address the contemporary challenges of vaccination in France and around the globe.MethodsWe designed and implemented Co-Immune, a programme created to tackle the question of vaccination hesitancy and access to vaccination through an online and offline challenge-based open innovation approach. The programme was run on the open science platform Just One Giant Lab.ResultsOver a 6-month period, the Co-Immune programme gathered 234 participants of diverse backgrounds and 13 partners from the public and private sectors and organized 8 events to facilitate the creation of 20 new projects as well as the continuation of 2 existing projects to address the issues of vaccination hesitancy and access, ranging from app development and data mining to analysis and game design. In an open framework, the projects made their data, code, and solutions publicly available.ConclusionCo-Immune highlights how open innovation approaches and online platforms can help to gather and coordinate non-institutional communities in a rapid, distributed and global way towards solving public health issues. Through the ideas of hackathons and other contest approaches, such initiatives can lead to the production and transfer of knowledge, creating novel solutions in the public health sector. The example of Co-Immune contributes to paving the way for organisations and individuals to collaboratively tackle future global challenges.
Relative expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in COVID-19 patients manifested disease severities
Authors: Nigar Shireen , Shah SM Tanjil , Setu Md. Ali Ahasan , Dip Sourav Dutta , Ibnat Habiba , Islam M Touhidul , Akter Selina , Jahid Iqbal Kabir , Hossain M Anwar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAggressive immune response, due to over-expressed pro-inflammatory molecules, had been characterized in COVID-19 patients. Some of those mediators have a dual and opposite role on immune-systems to play behind differential disease severities. We investigated the expression of some cytokines and chemokines in COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh. We diagnosed the patients by detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasal swab samples by the real-time RT-PCR method. Thirty adult patients were preselected based on their disease severities and grouped into mild, moderate, and severe cases. Nine healthy volunteers participated in this study as control. Relative expression of nine cytokines/chemokine in total leukocytes was semi-quantified in SYBRgreen-based qRT-PCR. We performed statistical tests on transformed log data using SPSS 24.0. At the onset of symptoms (day-1), ACE2 (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P > 0.05) were up-regulated in all COVID-19 groups, although expression levels did not significantly correlate with disease severities. However, expression of IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, RANTES, and ACE2, on day-14, were positively correlated with disease severities. Relative viral load at day-1 showed no significant correlation with cytokine expression but had a significant positive correlation with RANTES and ACE2 expression on day-14 (P < 0.05). Male patients had a higher level of IL-6 than female patients on day-1 (P < 0.05). All COVID-19 patients showed up-regulated cytokines and chemokines on the day-14 compared to day-1 except TNF-α. Female patients had higher expression of ACE2 and IL-12 on day-14. Up-regulated cytokines/chemokines at the convalescent stage, especially IL-6, may target anti-cytokine therapy in post-COVID-19 patients’ management.
Central role of the glutamate metabolism in long-term antiretroviral treated HIV-infected individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Gelpi Marco , Mikaeloff Flora , Dehlbæk Knudsen Andreas , Benfeitas Rui , Krishnan Shuba , Høgh Julie , Murray Daniel D. , Ullum Henrik , Neogi Ujjwal , Dam Nielsen Susanne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the major factors for cardiometabolic comorbidities in people living with HIV (PLWH). The long-term consequences of HIV-infection and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in metabolic reprogramming are unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate metabolic alterations in long-term well-treated PLWH with MetS to identify the potential mechanism behind the MetS phenotype using advanced statistical and machine learning algorithms.MethodsWe included 200 PLWH ≥40 years old from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV-infection (COCOMO) study. PLWH were grouped into PLWH with MetS (n=100) and without MetS (n=100). The clinical data were collected from the COCOMO database and untargeted plasma metabolomics was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Both clinical characteristics and plasma samples were collected at study baseline. We applied several conventional approaches, machine learning algorithm and linear classification model to identify the biologically relevant metabolites associated with MetS in PLWH.FindingsA total of 877 characterized biochemicals were identified. Of these, 9% (76/877) biochemicals differed significantly between PLWH with and without MetS (false discovery rate <0.05). The majority belonged to the amino acid metabolism (n=33, 43%). A consensus identification by combining supervised and unsupervised methods indicates 11 biomarkers of MetS phenotype in PLWH, of which seven (63%) have higher abundance in PLWH with MetS compared to the PLWH without MetS. A weighted co-expression network by Leiden partitioning analysis identified seven communities of positively intercorrelated metabolites, of which a single community contained six of the potential biomarkers mainly related to glutamate metabolism (glutamate, 4-hydroxyglutamate, α-ketoglutamate and γ-glutamylglutamate).InterpretationAltered amino acid metabolism is a central characteristic of PLWH with MetS and a potential central role for glutamate metabolism in establishing this phenotype is suggested.FundingRigshospitalet Research Council, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF126) NovoNordisk Foundation, the Swedish Research Council (2017-01330 and 2018-06156)