bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of blending protocol on the mechanical, rheological, and electromagnetic properties of PC/ABS/ABS‐g‐MAH blend‐based MWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: dos Anjos Erick Gabriel Ribeiro , Braga Natália Ferreira , Ribeiro Bruno , Escanio Camila Alves , Cardoso Andreza de Moura , Marini Juliano , Antonelli Eduardo , Passador Fabio Roberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (ABS) blend‐based multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanocomposites is an attractive alternative for the manufacture of electronics housing as it can have the mechanical and electromagnetic properties required for this application. The preferred location of MWCNT in PC/ABS blend is an important parameter to obtain better mechanical and electromagnetic properties. In this way, three different blending protocols (BP) were used to obtain PC/ABS/maleic anhydride‐grafted ABS (ABS‐g‐MAH) (85/10/5) blend‐based MWCNT nanocomposites with the addition of 0.5 and 1 wt% of MWCNT in a twin‐screw extruder. Specimens were evaluated by thermal (thermogravimetric analysis—TGA and differential scanning calorimetry—DSC), mechanical (Izod impact strength and tensile tests), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), electrical, and rheological properties, which were correlated with the nanocomposites morphology evaluated by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. The BP associated with the addition of a compatibilizer agent influenced the MWCNT distribution and location in the polymeric matrix. The one‐step extrusion process results in MWCNT mostly at the interface of the PC/ABS blend and agglomerates, leading to lower mechanical and thermal properties. The BP in which a PC/MWCNT masterbatch was first prepared and then diluted in ABS and ABS‐g‐MAH achieves the higher mechanical properties, increasing Young's modulus and the ultimate tensile strength. The third BP in which MWCNT was added in a second step in the blend already processed resulted in a homogeneous dispersion of MWCNT on both phases and a lower electrical resistivity.
Bioinspired modification strategy to improve thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of natural rubber composite for thermal management applications
Authors: Ruan Mengnan , Guo Dandan , Zhu Defu , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural rubber (NR) composites filled with modified aluminum nitride (AlN) particles were successfully fabricated with high thermal conductivity and dielectric constant. To boost the interfacial interactions form thermal conductive networks between AlN and NR matrix, a mussel‐inspired polydopamine and γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propy trimethoxysilane (KH560) grafting were combined to yield AlN‐PDA‐KH560. The double‐layer structure led to good filler dispersion of AlN‐PDA‐KH560 with decreased interfacial thermal resistances. As a result, the largest thermal conductivity in 30 phr AlN‐PDA‐KH560/NR was reached to 0.48 W/m K, which was 2.28 times larger than pure NR. Furthermore, the 30 phr AlN‐PDA‐KH560/NR composite also had relatively high dielectric constant (3.95 at 103 Hz) and low dielectric loss (~0.01 at 103 Hz), benefiting for long time operation and thermal diffusion. This strategy provides a facile, low‐cost, and scalable method to fabricate high electrical and thermal conducting composites for strong potential in thermal management for electronic devices.
Electrospun carboxyl‐functionalised multi‐walled carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) asymmetric pervaporation membrane: Application and modeling
Authors: Yeang Qian Wen , Sulong Abu Bakar , Tan Soon Huat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the development of an asymmetric membrane comprised of an electrospun carboxyl‐functionalised multi‐walled carbon nanotube (COOH‐MWCNT)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite nanofibre layer on a dense PVA separation layer (MCOOH‐MWCNT). The electrospun nanofibre layer in this study acts as a “pre‐selective layer” instead of its common function as a membrane support. In addition, COOH‐MWCNT, a hydrophilic filler is integrated in the nanofibres to further enhance the membrane pervaporation separation performance. Immense improvement was observed in the pervaporation performance of the resultant asymmetric membranes in the dehydration of aqueous 1,4‐dioxane solutions, owing to the presence of the electrospun composite nanofibres as a hydrophilic layer. The resultant asymmetric membrane showed an increase of nearly 80% in water permeation flux as compared to that of the dense PVA membrane alone, and the separation factor was improved from 392.65 to 605.35. The parameters estimated using Rautenbach model showed that the dehydration of aqueous 1,4‐dioxane solutions via pervaporation is dominantly governed by sorption process. The permeation flux, transport coefficient of water and 1,4‐dioxane of the electrospun asymmetric membrane showed a good agreement in between the experimental data and those predicted using Rautenbach model.
Investigation of the accelerated thermal aging behavior of polyetherimide and lifetime prediction at elevated temperature
Authors: Cho Chungyeon , Nam Seo Lin , de la Mata A. Paulina , Harynuk James J. , Elias Anastasia L. , Chung Hyun‐Joong , Dolez Patricia I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFire‐protective clothing are manufactured using heat and flame resistant fibers that are made of high‐performance polymers. These polymers exhibit a gradual reduction in their performance after long‐term exposure under various aging conditions. This study investigates the thermal aging behavior of a high‐temperature resistance polymer, polyetherimide (PEI), at elevated temperatures in air. Changes in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature, and surface properties are observed. In addition, infrared spectroscopy identifies chemical bonds in PEI being consumed because of chain scission. Applying the time–temperature superposition principle to the UTS data gives an activation energy of 112 kJ mol−1 for the effect of thermal aging on the mechanical strength of PEI. This value is similar to what has been reported for fire‐protective clothing fabrics, which opens the possibility to use PEI as a sensing material for the development of end‐of‐life sensors for fire‐protective fabrics.
The effects of string‐like copper plated short carbon fibers reinforced rigid polyurethane composites
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Li Weiwei , Yang Jie , Zhou Yilong , Liu Huixin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe performance of short carbon fibers (CFs) reinforced rigid polyurethane (RPU) composites is largely restricted by poor interfacial strength and damage‐tolerance. In order to optimize the performance of CFs/RPU composites, we prepared CFs with a new structure starting from the modified CFs morphology. In this paper, a new type of fiber morphology, which was string‐like copper‐plated CFs (string‐like Cu‐CFs) were prepared by the electrodeposition method. The structure of the string copper could increase the contact area of the CFs and the RPU matrix and mechanical interlocking. At the same time, the surface roughness of the CFs could be enhanced, thereby promoting the formation of irregular interfaces. Ordinary CFs composite materials showed the low strength and toughness, due to the more stress concentrations generated around the fiber ends. By adding string‐like Cu‐CFs into the RPU matrix, the pinning effect was achieved due to the special fiber structure, which improved the strength and toughness of the string‐like Cu‐CFs/RPU. Compared with pure RPU, the tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength of string‐like Cu‐CFs/RPU composites were improved by 15.3, 148.3, and 171.4%, respectively. At the same time, the string‐like Cu‐CFs formed a more continuous conductive network inside the RPU matrix, which significantly improved the electrical conductivity of the composites.
Design of polyurea networks containing anticancer and anti‐inflammatory drugs for dual drug delivery purposes
Authors: de Resende Mariane A. , Pedroza Gabriele A. , Macêdo Lucia H. G. M. C. , de Oliveira Ricardo , Amela‐Cortes Maria , Molard Yann , Molina Eduardo F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNaproxen (Nap), a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, and 5‐fluorouracil (5FU), an anticancer drug, were easily incorporated into a polyurea xerogel. Polyureas (PUr) were synthesized by one pot reaction via sol–gel chemistry. Soft segments were based on polyetheramine‐PEO and hard segments were based on a hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI). The final materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Polyurea can assume many forms revealing its versatility in terms of produced shapes. In good agreement with FTIR, SAXS studies showed a microphase separated structure arising from inter‐hard‐domain spacings, which remains unchanged after incorporation of the drugs. DSC analysis demonstrated that the PEO chain mobility was poorly affected after the drugs incorporation due to the solvation of the drugs through the network. The water uptake and the amount of drug released agree well, playing an important role for controlled Nap and 5FU release. This work opens positive perspectives for ocular drug delivery and wound management, due to the easy processability of the xerogel, which has high feasibility to be moldable as pharmaceutical devices for contact lenses and transdermal patches purposes containing distinct therapeutic agents.
Halogen‐free intumescent flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the microcellular polypropylene with low expansion ratio via continuous extrusion assisted by subcritical CO2
Authors: Tian Yichen , Gong Changjing , Zhou Hongfu , Jiang Ziyin , Wang Xiangdong , Tang Longcheng , Cao Kun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContinuous preparation of the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and polypropylene (PP) composite (IFR‐PP) foams with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties via the extrusion assisted by subcritical CO2 was presented. The effects of die structure, die temperature/pressure and CO2 injection ratios on expansion ratio, cell diameter, and cell density of the IFR‐PP foams were investigated. A uniform cell structure without obvious defects was prepared by the die with better pressure holding capacity. With the increase of die temperature, die pressure decreased accordingly, the expansion ratio of the obtained IFR‐PP foams decreased, the cell diameter increased, and the cell density decreased. With an appropriate increase in the CO2 injection ratio, the expansion ratio of the resulting IFR‐PP foams increased, the cell diameter decreased, and the cell density increased. Cell wall thickness played an important role in mechanical properties. When the expansion ratio was maintained near 3 or cell diameter was maintained near 92 μm, as the cell wall thickness increased, the tensile modulus and tensile strength increased. A cell structure without defects possessed better mechanical properties and flame retardancy than a deformed cell. Moreover, the IFR‐PP foams exhibiting excellent flame retardancy including the 30% of limiting oxygen index (LOI) values and UL‐94 V0 rating without dripping were achieved at only 22.5 wt% of IFR loading.
Collagen fibrils and cell nuclei are entrapped within Randall's plaques but not in CaOx matrix overgrowth: A microscopic inquiry into Randall's plaque stone pathogenesis
Authors: Canela Victor Hugo , Bledsoe Sharon B. , Worcester Elaine M. , Lingeman James E. , El‐Achkar Tarek M. , Williams James C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCalcium oxalate (CaOx) stones can grow attached to the renal papillary calcification known as Randall's plaque. Although stone growth on Randall's plaque is a common phenomenon, this mechanism of stone formation is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the microenvironment of mature Randall's plaque, explore its molecular composition and differentiate plaque from CaOx overgrowth using multimodal imaging on demineralized stone sections. Fluorescence imaging showed consistent differences in autofluorescence patterns between Randall's plaque and calcium oxalate overgrowth regions. Second harmonic generation imaging established the presence of collagen only in regions of decalcified Randall's plaque but not in regions of CaOx overgrowth matrix. Surprisingly, in these stone sections we observed cell nuclei with preserved morphology within regions of mature Randall's plaque. These conserved cells had variable expression of vimentin and CD45. The presence of nuclei in mature plaque indicates that mineralization is not necessarily associated with cell death. The markers identified suggest that some of the entrapped cells may be undergoing dedifferentiation or could emanate from a mesenchymal or immune origin. We propose that entrapped cells may play an important role in the growth and maintenance of Randall's plaque. Further characterization of these cells and thorough analyses of the mineralized stone forming renal papilla will be fundamental in understanding the pathogenesis of Randall's plaque and CaOx stone formation.
Early trajectories of motor skills in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Patterson James W. , Armstrong Vickie , Duku Eric , Richard Annie , Franchini Martina , Brian Jessica , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bryson Susan E. , Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Roncadin Caroline , Smith Isabel M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDelays in motor development are not considered a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, recent studies of infant siblings of children with ASD suggest that early delays in motor skills may be associated with later delays in developmental areas considered to be core features of an ASD diagnosis. While these studies demonstrate the longitudinal association between core features and motor delays observed at single time points, there is considerable interest in studying the trajectories of motor development over the first 3 years of life. To accomplish this, we investigated early trajectories of motor development in a cohort of 499 infant siblings of children with ASD and 176 children with no family history of ASD. Data for the current study were drawn from the prospective, multi‐site, Canadian Infant Sibling Study. We evaluated trajectories of fine and gross motor development over the first 3 years using group‐based trajectory modeling. Our results show that membership for both fine and gross motor trajectory groups was related to expressive language skills, receptive language skills, ASD symptom severity scores, and diagnostic classification at age 3. These results provide evidence that the trajectory of a child's early motor development may have important prognostic implications in ASD.
Antibacterial activity of curcumin and its essential nanoformulations against some clinically important bacterial pathogens: A comprehensive review
Authors: Shome Soumitra , Talukdar Anupam Das , Upadhyaya Hrishikesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant bacterial infections can kill 700,000 individuals globally each year and is considered among the top 10 global health threats faced by humanity as the arsenal of antibiotics is becoming dry and alternate antibacterial molecule is in demand. Nanoparticles of curcumin exhibit appreciable broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity using unique and novel mechanisms and thus the process deserves to be reviewed and further researched to clearly understand the mechanisms. Based on the antibiotic resistance, infection, and virulence potential, a list of clinically important bacteria was prepared after extensive literature survey and all recent reports on the antibacterial activity of curcumin and its nanoformulations as well as their mechanism of antibacterial action have been reviewed. Curcumin, nanocurcumin, and its nanocomposites with improved aqueous solubility and bioavailability are very potential, reliable, safe, and sustainable antibacterial molecule against clinically important bacterial species that uses multitarget mechanism such as inactivation of antioxidant enzyme, reactive oxygen species‐mediated cellular damage, and inhibition of acyl‐homoserine‐lactone synthase necessary for quorum sensing and biofilm formation, thereby bypassing the mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Nanoformulations of curcumin can thus be considered as a potential and sustainable antibacterial drug candidate to address the issue of antibiotic resistance.
Dynamische Analyse der Zugüberfahrt bei Eisenbahnbrücken unter Berücksichtigung von nichtlinearen Effekten
Authors: Reiterer Michael , Firus Andrei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIm Artikel wird das Schwingungsantwortverhalten von Eisenbahnbrücken infolge Zugüberfahrt unter Berücksichtigung von nichtlinearen Effekten untersucht und bewertet. Die betrachteten Nichtlinearitäten beziehen sich auf die bei realen Eisenbahnbrücken festgestellte Amplitudenabhängigkeit der Eigenfrequenzen. Im ersten Teil werden die bei durchgeführten dynamischen Messungen an realen Eisenbahnbrücken detektierten Nichtlinearitäten dargestellt und diskutiert. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf einfeldrigen Stahlbetonplattentragwerken mit Schotteroberbau. Die Grundlagen des nichtlinearen Duffing‐Schwingers mit unterlinearer Federkennlinie werden dargelegt und die besonderen Effekte von nichtlinearen Schwingungen werden erläutert. Im zweiten Teil werden numerische Simulationen der Zugüberfahrten unter Betrachtung von nichtlinearen Balkenmodellen durchgeführt. Bei den Simulationsberechnungen wird die Amplitudenabhängigkeit der Eigenfrequenzen berücksichtigt und die Tragwerksantworten bei Zugüberfahrt in der Form von Resonanzkurven dargestellt. Zu Vergleichszwecken werden die Berechnungen auch an linearen Balkenmodellen mit konstanten Eigenfrequenzen durchgeführt und die sich ergebenden Abweichungen diskutiert. Der Einfluss der untersuchten Nichtlinearitäten auf das Schwingungsverhalten von Eisenbahnbrücken wird herausgearbeitet und Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Berücksichtigung dieser Effekte bei dynamischen Berechnungen der Zugüberfahrt werden angegeben.
From Socialism to Social Media: Women's and Gender History in Post‐Soviet Russia**
Authors: Rossman Ella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWomen's and gender history in Russia has been developing since the 1990s and began to be institutionalized in the 2000s and 2010s. Throughout that period, unfavorable intra‐academic and sociopolitical conditions hindered the development of women's and gender history in Russia. Those who tried to establish a new field of study under these conditions sought various strategies by which to legitimize their research and build up authority among peers. This article analyzes their strategies for legitimizing women's and gender history in the Russian academy and beyond, using Bourdieu's work in the scientific field. I argue that in the 2000s, at the stage of institutionalization, researchers in the field of women's and gender history tried to legitimize their field by applying a number of strategies. These included appeals to scale, geography, and a connection with the generalized “West,” as well as attempts to ascertain the practical significance of women's and gender history and, finally, highlight their connections to the classical heritage of the humanities and social sciences. Despite arguing with an explicitly feminist gist in mind, researchers of this generation had little to do with activism and were comparatively less active in the media than before. In the 2010s, however, as the development of new media and a new wave of feminism in Russia significantly changed the strategies for legitimizing the field, researchers started coming to women's and gender history by way of feminist activism. Lacking prospects within the academy, young researchers turned to social media and journalism to establish their authority through popularity with the general public.
Frontal interhemispheric structural connectivity, attention, and executive function in children with perinatal stroke
Authors: Larsen Nicole , Craig Brandon T. , Hilderley Alicia J. , Virani Shane , Murias Kara , Brooks Brian L. , Kirton Adam , Carlson Helen L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPerinatal stroke affects ∼1 in 1000 births and concomitant cognitive impairments are common but poorly understood. Rates of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are increased 5–10× and executive dysfunction can be disabling. We used diffusion imaging to investigate whether stroke‐related differences in frontal white matter (WM) relate to cognitive impairments. Anterior forceps were isolated using tractography and sampled along the tract. Resulting metrics quantified frontal WM microstructure. Associations between WM metrics and parent ratings of ADHD symptoms (ADHD‐5 rating scale) and executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)) were explored. Eighty‐three children were recruited (arterial ischemic stroke [AIS] n = 26; periventricular venous infarction [PVI] n = 26; controls n = 31). WM metrics were altered for stroke groups compared to controls. Along‐tract analyses showed differences in WM metrics in areas approximating the lesion as well as more remote differences at midline and in the nonlesioned hemisphere. WM metrics correlated with parental ratings of ADHD and executive function such that higher diffusivity values were associated with poorer function. These findings suggest that underlying microstructure of frontal white matter quantified via tractography may provide a relevant biomarker associated with cognition and behavior in children with perinatal stroke.
Structural and functional brain alterations associated with cancer‐associated cognitive decline in gastric cancer patients: A preliminary longitudinal neuroimaging study
Authors: Ahn Jaeun , Lee DeokJong , Jung Young‐Chul , Kim Kyung Ran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite the clinical significance of cancer‐associated cognitive decline (CACD), no longitudinal study has evaluated CACD in gastric cancer patients. This preliminary study explored structural and functional neural changes of CACD in gastric cancer patients focusing on the effects of chemotherapy.Methods13 gastric cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (CTx+ group), 9 gastric cancer patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (CTx‐ group), and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. We performed self‐report questionnaires, neurocognitive tests, voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) analyses before and 3 months after chemotherapy.ResultsCompared to the CTx‐ group, the CTx+ group exhibited statistically significant decrease in attention and executive function over time and dysfunction in delayed recognition performance. The results of the rsfMRI analysis showed a significant group‐by‐time interaction in the left hippocampus–anterior thalamus. However, no significant structural change was observed in the VBM analysis.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal neuroimaging study on CACD in gastric cancer patients. Based on the results of our preliminary study, we suggest that the neuropathological processes and clinical presentation of CACD in gastric cancer patients is similar to those of patients associated with age‐related neurodegenerative disorders.