bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear Strength Evaluation of Silt-Clay Soil Under Uni-Axial Compression
Authors: Listyawan Anto Budi , Wiqoyah Qunik , Sukmawati Titis Asih 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Effect of different moisture content and applied pressure to soil shear strength parameters are evaluated. Silt-Clay soil from Ngemplak, Kalikotes, Klaten Regency becomes the subject of the experiment. The research was conducted using a simulation in the laboratory to determine the relationship between water content and soil pressure. The expected values are the pressure that arises and the shear strength of the soil when using four water constructions of 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%. For each variation of moisture content, three different pressure in the form of uni-axial compression that considered based on the different energy given by equipment used to do compaction will affect the soil density. The applied pressure used is 1.5 kN, 2.5 kN, and 3.5 kN. The result showed that moisture content having a great impact on soil shear strength parameter. The cohesion of soil decreases due to an increase in water content. The friction angle works in linear conditions with moisture content but decreases at the value of 35% water content. The best-fitted distribution for the relationship between soil shear strength and moisture content is polynomial order two. Follow the equation for 1.5 kN applied pressure is y = -0.0036x
2 + 0.2236x - 2.4898, for 2.5 kN applied pressure the equation is y = -0.0025x
2 + 0.1545x-1.3383, and for 3.k kN applied pressure the equation is y = -0.0022x
2 + 0.1357x - 1.0344.
Characterization of Polypropylene Sheet Friction Stir Spot Welded Joint
Authors: Nugroho Aris Widyo , Dadang Dika O. H. , Budiyantoro Cahyo , Himarosa Rela Adi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A study to determine the effect of rotational speed and geometric shape of a tool on the mechanical properties of polypropylene joint using the FSSW technique has been carried out. A polypropylene sheet was cut into pieces with a dimension of 150 x 30 x 5 mm. A medium carbon steel bar was machined to fabricate welding tools. Two types of devices with shoulder angles of 0° and 5° were prepared, while the other parametric geometries were the same. While the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process has been carried out at variations of rotational speeds of 985, 1660, and 2350 rpm, the other welding process parameters, such as tool plunge rate, dwell time, and delay time, were considered constant. The tensile shear load capacity, macrostructure, hardness, and failure mode of the joint results were then evaluated. The results revealed that using a pin tool with a shoulder angle of 5° achieved a maximum tensile shear load capacity at a rotational speed of 2350 rpm with a result of 2253 N due to its wider nugget area. The load capacity increased with the increase of rotational speed. A pin tool angle of 15° with a shoulder angle of 5° may be suggested for the tool’s chosen geometry.
Redesign and Remanufacturing the Shot Peening Machine: Model and Experiment
Authors: Nari Henny Pasandang , Sirman Mahadir , Nur Rusdi , Iqbal Mukhsen M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Stainless steel is a material that is corrosion resistant and can be used as an implant material (type 316L). Cold treatment can only increase stainless steel’s hardness, one of which is the shot peening process. This paper aims to remanufacture the shot peening machine for laboratory-scale testing purposes. The methodology used in designing the device, making all the necessary components, assembling it, and testing the shot peening machine with several specified parameters. The conclusion that can be obtained is the shot peening machine has been well designed and remanufactured and has appropriately functioned based on the performance that has been shown in the testing of stainless steel 316L.
Analysis of Walkability Index and Handling of Pedestrian Facilities of Slamet Riyadi Street, Surakarta
Authors: Erlangga Dwiky , Handayani Dewi , Syafi’i  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Slamet Riyadi Street is the main street in Surakarta. It is located in the city center, which connects the activity center or CBD. The rapid development of activities needs to be balanced with adequate facilities and infrastructure related to the existing pedestrian paths’ maintenance and rehabilitation. This research uses the walkability index method to compares the walking comfort index assessment based on the Global Walkability Index variables and SE PUPR 02/SE/M/2018 variables. The findings showed a very significant difference between the two. GWI got a score of 56.2, while SE PUPR got a score of 49.4. Demonstrating the effectiveness of GWI assessment when used to assess the pedestrian paths in Indonesia was poor. Then, determining several recommendations for handling facilities with pedestrian perceptions based on SE PUPR variables uses the Likert scale method. The result of the analysis included the facilities related to conflicts on the pedestrian paths and the behavior of the motor vehicle drivers at the crossing locations on the south and north sides of the pedestrian paths, as well as other facilities on the north side concerning the security from crime, complete facilities, disability infrastructure, maintenance and cleanliness, and pedestrian obstacles.
Chlorophyll Extraction Methods Review and Chlorophyll Stability of Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynous)
Authors: Kwartiningsih Endang , Ramadhani Aida Nur , Putri Nadia Gusti Ami , Damara Vicky Clarissa Jennie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChlorophyll is one of the most used coloring materials derived from green leaves and other parts of almost all green plants. It contains several components that are beneficial to health: vitamins, antioxidants, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory; hence, chlorophyll is a nutraceutical. Chlorophyll has been developed by extracting green plants, for instance, katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynous). A review of various chlorophyll extraction methods from natural ingredients was done to obtain the most suitable katuk leaves. Preliminary experiments had been carried out to develop the chlorophyll stability of katuk leaves on the influence of temperature, pH, and storage time. The chlorophyll content of katuk leaves decreased at high temperatures. Extraction using supercritical/subcritical CO2can extract components selectively so that it is suitable for extraction applications for products that are not heat resistant. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide (CO2) as a supercritical/subcritical solvent has several advantages, including producing an inert gas that is non-toxic, non-flammable, and cheap. Under normal gas conditions, it is straightforward to separate CO2and dissolved components without heating and producing extracts free of solvents. The most suitable chlorophyll extraction method of katuk leaves was supercritical/subcritical CO2extraction because it could prevent chlorophyll degradation.
A Single Batch Processor Scheduling Model with Additional Setup Times to Minimize Total Actual Flowtime of Parts of Multiple Items
Authors: Hidayat Nita P A , Aribowo Wisnu , Halim Abdul Hakim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The problem investigated in this paper is arranging parts for the etching process on a single batch processor in a craft company. The company produces several different metal plate types, and each type requires another processing time and setup time. The machine also needs additional setup after processing several production batches. All metal plates that have been processed will be delivered simultaneously at the expected due date. The objective is to minimize the total actual flowtime of parts of multiple items through the shop. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. A simple numerical example is provided to demonstrate the execution of the mathematical model to a hypothetical question.
Encapsulation of oryzanol-rich rice bran oil using carrageenan
Authors: Fadilah  , Distantina Sperisa , Susanti Ari Diana , Damara Liginia Gustin Ayu , Mawarni Grace Hana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Experiments have been carried out to encapsulate rice bran oil using carrageenan. Two methods have been tried. In the first method, the chitosan-carrageenan polymer solution was dropped into the NaOH-ethanolate solution. The solid formed is filtered and immersed in a 6% glutaraldehyde solution, then filtered and dried. The resulting solid is clustered and not form granules. In the second method, a solution called A in the form of oil emulsion in carrageenan solution is dropped into chitosan solution and then heated to 70°C. Glutaraldehyde is added to the solution, and the cross-linking process is continued for 3 hours. The solid is filtered and washed with water then with n-hexane. The resulting solid is washed with ethanol and then dried. Experiments result with variation in the amount of carrageenan showed the best results when using 0.3 g carrageenan and 0.5 mL of oil.
Tensile Strength and Elongation Testing for Starch-Based Bioplastics using Melt Intercalation Method: A Review
Authors: Gabriel Azmi Alvian , Solikhah Anggita Fitri , Rahmawati Alifia Yuanika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plastics were commonly used as packaging materials for primary, secondary, and tertiary needs. However, the continuous use of plastic was inadequate for the environment. The research that was developing to address the use of conventional plastics is bioplastics. Bioplastics undergo faster degradation but had low mechanical strength and were hydrophilic. One of the main ingredients of bioplastics was starch. This study aimed to examine the effect of using starch-based materials on the quality parameters of bioplastic tensile strength and elongation quality. The tensile strength and elongation values of bioplastic from various treatments showed a relatively large range of results. Glycerol was the most widely used plasticizer because Glycerol has the best interaction ability compared to other plasticizers when combined with starches with different characters, either by adding various types of fillers or without adding fillers. The types of fillers that were commonly used are chitosan, clay, and ZnO. The use of plasticizers and fillers gives an opposite contribution to the bioplastic quality of tensile strength and Elongation.
Simulation of Natural Daylighting Optimization in College Library
Authors: Dianagri Audrey Tara , Sari Wulani Enggar , Harsitanto Bangun I R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In a library’s reading area, sufficient light exposure is needed to see objects around the users’ field of vision for their activities. Regarding the case study, as an equatorial region, Indonesia also has the advantage of getting a continuous high radiation climate throughout the year. Therefore, buildings around the area need to optimize this benefit to achieve optimal energy efficiency. Meanwhile, according to the national standards of SNI 6197-2011, the simulation of the existing reading area in PGRI University’s Library has not achieved the optimized daylighting performance. This research aims to improve the lack of daylighting performance, using DIALux EVO simulations as the primary method to analyze the library’s existing condition and to evaluate each design proposal for retrofitting. The study then found that among all other options, the recommendation to add five more window openings on the north walls, setting up 0.8-meter width light shelves, and reducing the window overhang length to 0.25 meter is the most effective ways to optimize the daylighting performance in the library.
Sensitivity analysis of a novel geothermal multigeneration system with liquefied natural gas, proton exchange membrane, absorption refrigeration system, and water desalination
Authors: Dikaimana Yophie , Nasruddin  , Ismoyo Budi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy, such as geothermal, is very effective in reducing the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, a geothermal-based multi-generation system can produce commodities for power, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, cold energy recovery, cooling, and water desalination. Power the multigeneration, energy, and exergy analyses are conducted using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Constraints used are a steam fraction, geothermal temperatures, and MER (mass extraction ratio). Sensitivity analysis is given to the parameters of exergy efficiency, net output power, a mass flow rate of natural gas, a mass flow rate of hydrogen, a mass flow rate of pure water, and the coefficient of performance of the absorption refrigeration system. Thermal efficiency is 27.2%. Exergy efficiency is 35.89%. The net power output from turbine 1 is 997.8 kW, from turbine 2 is 343.2 kW. The hydrogen mass flow rate is 0.0008 kg/s. The natural gas mass flow rate that can be used is 1.252 kg/s. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the absorption refrigeration system (ARS) is 0.8876, and the mass flow rate of pure water of the water desalination system is 0.3914 kg/s.
Evaluation of Anode Composition in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Rachmanto Moch Khabibul Adi , Wibowo Liliana Triatmajaning , Paramitha Tika , Purwanto Agus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery with excellent energy, high power, high theoretical capacity, economics, reasonable cycle rate, good stability, high-temperature resistance, and environmentally friendly. An anode is one of the main components of a lithium-ion battery. The most frequently used as an anode material is graphite. Graphite has good structure stability, excellent electrical conductivity, good cycle life and economics, high intercalation-deintercalation, high voltage, and energy efficiency. Another material that can be used as the anode component is SiO2. In this study, we evaluate the anode composition with the dependent variables of active material and binder. Moreover, the structures of samples were characterized by X-Ray diffraction measurement, and the electrochemical performances were tested by galvanostatic charge-discharge. The anode material was applied directly in a 18650 cylindrical cell and graphite with a mass composition of 90% exhibit the best performance with a specific discharge capacity of 367.44 mAh/g (at 0,1C) and coulombic efficiency of 92%.
Implementation of User-Centered Design (UCD) Method in Product Development of Traveling Wheelchair
Authors: Puspitasari Nia Budi , Putra Ridwan Permana , Rusnaldy  , Ismail Rifky , Prastawa Heru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Persons with disabilities often difficulties when traveling and mobility in daily activities, especially with movement disorders. Many tools have been developed for people with disabilities to support mobility. One of them is a traveling wheelchair. Based on preliminary studies, it is known that the dimensions of traveling wheelchairs tend to be smaller than wheelchairs in general and have limited features that affect the comfort of its users. This study tries to evaluate a traveling wheelchair using the user-centered design (UCD) method and usability testing and developing this product. The standard UCD method used is based on ISO 9241-210, which focuses on users’ needs and interests by applying ergonomic criteria and knowledge of usability techniques. The evaluation results show that the overall usability level of the wheelchair product tested has excellent standards with usability values ranging from 89.12%-94.56%. However, there are still several problems, especially in the usability satisfaction criteria. Based on the evaluation results and the user’s thinking aloud, the development of this traveling wheelchair product was carried out. Development is based on several parameters such as stability, wheelchair dimensions, seat, postural support, and adjustable and ergonomic factors.
Multiobjective optimization of synechocytis culture in flat-plate photobioreactor toward optimal growth and exergy
Authors: Nastiti Kania Dyah , Rahman Arif , Nasruddin  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many researchers are analyzing microalgae as a fuel source due to their high potential. Since microalgae are grown on a narrow area of land and less water, microalgae can contain high lipids. Carbon dioxide, water, inorganic salts, temperature and degree of acidity (pH), and light intensity in photobioreactors affect microalgae growth. Microalgae Synechocystis cultivated in BG-11 medium on closed PBRs with an addition of 10 mM NaHCO3. Culture medium illuminated at one side with Orange-red LED (636 nm) at light intensities of 50, 200, 300, 500, 800, 950, and 1,460 µmol photon/m2.s with light intensity adjustment every 24 hours. Optical density and exergy destruction also optimize for artificial neural network training and Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms. The optimum value from the TOPSIS approach is the OD 12.957 OD730 and 8660.35 kJ exergy destruction. The optimum condition is derived from the optimum value. The light intensity of 71 µmol photon/m2s and the dry cell weight of 0.119 g/OD730L are ideal conditions for optimal microalgae development.
Cyclic Behaviour of Palu Sandy Soils in Cyclic Simple Shear Test
Authors: Ramdhiani E , Prakoso W A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 7.5-moment magnitude earthquake hit Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, in September 2018. This earthquake caused many damages and casualties, including tsunami and liquefaction. Following these events, Palu sand’s cyclic properties were investigated under cyclic simple shear testing conditions, which could convincingly portray the real seismic ground shaking under repeated shear force. All the tests were performed under the frequency of 1.0Hz with varied relative densities and cyclic stress ratio (CSR). The results show that grain size distribution plays a significant role in liquefaction resistance of sandy soils tested-the soils tested under higher CSR need fewer cycles to liquefy. Furthermore, soils which in loose conditions tend to have lower liquefaction resistance.
Design analysis of vibrational input to torque energy system
Authors: Triono A , Fitoyo A , Junus S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of digital technology in the Industrial Age 4.0 focuses on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). IoT as one of the main topics for technological advancement, which is useful for improving information and communication that is developing in the fields of manufacturing, infrastructure, business, economy etc. The development in the field of material technology can make small materials where the energy requirement to generate a device only requires a millivolt range of power, so by using energy from the surrounding environment which is converted into electrical energy, a device design for energy harvesting is required. The purpose of this research is to design a device that is sourced from various vibrations and converted into electrical energy. The concept of designing a vibration conversion mechanism into electric energy is by combining and optimizing the design of several existing tools (technologies). This research was tested experimentally by utilizing braking force. Tests are carried out using a data logger for further processing. From the results of the braking test, it is able to produce a maximum voltage of 0.9 V with a braking force of 34.72 N.
Comparison of Battery Models for Battery Energy Storage System Development
Authors: Perinov  , Garniwa Iwa , Hudaya Chairul , Sudiarto Budi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be utilized in various ways to improve the reliability, durability, and efficiency of grid operations. With the advancement of battery technology and rapid cost reduction, BESS has become very promising. An accurate BESS model in simulation platform is very important to design an efficient BESS-connected powered system. Battery as one of the main components that govern BESS perfomance need to be modeled. There are many battery models that has been developed. In this paper, some of battery models will be studied and the comparison of different battery models is also presented.
Turbidity Monitoring of Freshwater Using Internet of Things Platform
Authors: Supriyono Heru , Hibatullah Asmanditya , Harismah Kun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the development of the monitoring system of fresh water turbidity level. The objective of this article is to monitor the turbidity level of the water continuously and remotely. The monitoring system was developed by using a turbidity sensor and ESP32. The measured turbidity level in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) was then sent to the internet of things platform namely ThingSpeak cloud computing platform by using wireless fidelity (wifi) networks so that it could be accessed by using Android smartphone or computer. The obtained monitoring system was tested on the laboratory scale fresh water body placed in the acrylic box with dimensions of 25cm × 19cm × 31cm. The test results showed that the monitoring system was able to monitor the turbidity level constantly on various conditions, i.e. fresh water without any substance addition and when sedimentation substances were gradually added into the water body. The output of turbidity sensor (in volt) was linear with the obtained NTU level. In the future, the monitoring system should be enhanced for actual condition of fresh water especially for sources drinking water.
Optimum compressive strength of geopolymer concrete in variations comparison of ingredients and mixing time
Authors: Trinugroho Suhendro , Ningrum Rina Septia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Concrete has been criticized more recently because of the greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide) emissions it produces in the cement portland production process. With these considerations, a new concrete binder called geopolymer concrete was developed. One of the materials used in the manufacture of geopolymer concrete is fly ash. Using fly ash as a substitute for cement is considered to be able to preserve the environment and reduce development costs. In this study, the specimen used was cylindrical, with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. The concrete compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 28 days. Variations in concrete testing include: Test the strength of the concrete on the variation of the binder ratio: coarse aggregate of 20%:80%, 25%:75%, 30%:70%, 35%:75% 40%:60% and the variation of stirring time 5 minutes, 7.5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes. From the test results, it can be concluded that the optimum mixing time for the concrete mix is 7.5 minutes. If it is less than 7.5 minutes it will result in less than maximum binder binding power. And if the mixing time is more than 7.5 minutes it will decrease the adhesion of the binder. Regarding the variation of concrete on the amount of use of fly ash, it can be concluded that the higher the fly ash content, there is a tendency for low compressive strength, this is due to the influence of the water content used in the mixture is obtained based on the weight of fly ash in each variation. So if the weight of fly ash is higher, the water demand will also be higher and it will result in too dilute fresh concrete, so that the compressive strength of the concrete decreases.