bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corbiculate Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Exploring the Limits of Morphological Data to Solve a Hard Phylogenetic Problem
Authors: Porto Diego Sasso , Almeida Eduardo A B 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCorbiculate bees comprise a distinctive radiation of animals including many familiar species, such as honey bees and bumble bees. The group exhibits a broad variety of morphologies and behaviors, including solitary, social, and cleptoparasitic lifestyles. Since corbiculate bees play a critical role for the interpretation of eusocial behaviors, understanding their phylogeny is crucial to explain patterns and mechanisms of social evolution. Despite advances to unveil corbiculate relationships employing genomic data, the drivers of conflict between molecular and morphological hypotheses are still not fully understood. Morphological datasets favor a single origin for highly eusocial behaviors (i.e., Apini + Meliponini) whereas molecular datasets favor other scenarios (e.g., Bombini + Meliponini). Explanations for this incongruence have been suggested, including quality, quantity, and source of data or methodological issues. In this work we tackled this problem by generating the most extensive morphological dataset for the corbiculate bee species by exploring characters from all body regions, including external and internal adult skeletal anatomy. We produced a matrix with 289 characters for 53 taxa of Apidae, including 24 corbiculate bees. We explored different analyses and optimality criteria including extended implied weights parsimony and two partitioning schemes for Bayesian inferences. We contrasted hypotheses with Bayesian topological tests and conducted analyses to investigate if characters were prone to concerted convergence. Our results are congruent with the conclusions of previous studies based on morphology, recovering Apini sister to Meliponini and both of them together sister to Bombini. Finally, we provide our interpretations on the corbiculate controversy and provide a conciliatory scenario about this issue.
Integrated Taxonomic Revision of AfrotropicalXyleborinus(Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Reveals High Diversity After Recent Colonization of Madagascar
Authors: Eliassen Jonas M , Jordal Bjarte H 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ambrosia beetle genus Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913 is particularly species rich in Madagascar where the genus exhibits extraordinary morphological variation not seen elsewhere. This study provides the first detailed molecular phylogeny of the genus based on COI, 28S, and CAD gene fragments. Biogeographical and taxonomic hypotheses were tested for the Afrotropical fauna with a particular focus on the Malagasy radiation. Analyses revealed a single colonization of Madagascar no earlier than 8.5–11.0 Ma, indicating an extraordinary recent radiation on the island which has given rise to at least 32 species. Two recolonization events of the African mainland were strongly supported by the molecular data, with several other intraspecific dispersals to the mainland inferred from species distributions. A taxonomic re-evaluation of all Afrotropical Xyleborinus resulted in several taxonomic changes. We found that morphological differences associated with COI divergence higher than 7% indicated different species. Twelve new species are described: Xyleborinus castriformis Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus clivus Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus concavus Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus coronatus Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus diadematus Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus laevipennis Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus magnispinosus Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus margo Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus ntsoui Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus singularis Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., Xyleborinus tuberculatus Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., and Xyleborinus turritus Eliassen & Jordal, sp. nov., all from Madagascar. New synonyms are proposed for Xyleborinus aemulus (Wollaston, 1869) [=Xyleborinus spinifer (Eggers, 1920)], Xyleborinus andrewesi (Blandford, 1896) [=Xyleborinus mimosae (Schedl, 1957)], Xyleborinus dentellus (Schedl, 1953) [=Xyleborinus forcipatus (Schedl, 1957)], Xyleborinus octospinosus (Eggers, 1920) [=Xyleborinus mitosomipennis (Schedl, 1953)], and Xyleborinus similans (Eggers, 1940) [=Xyleborinus sclerocaryae (Schedl, 1962)]. Two species were given new status: Xyleborinus profundus (Schedl, 1961) is elevated from subspecies of Xyleborinus aduncus (Schedl, 1961), and Xyleborinus mitosomus (Schedl, 1965) is reinstated from its previous synonymy with Xyleborinus spinosus (Schaufuss, 1891). Xyleborus gracilipennis Schedl 1957 is reverted to its original genus, and a similar status is confirmed for Xyleborus collarti Eggers 1932. The number of taxonomically valid Xyleborinus species in the Afrotropical region is now 47, which includes 3 adventive species. Revised diagnoses for all species and a key for species identification are provided.
Chemical Profiling and Characterization of Anthraquinones from Two Bulbine Species and Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Avula Bharathi , Bae Ji-Yeong , Wang Yan-Hong , Wang Mei , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Bulbine natalensis Baker and Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd., belonging to the family Asphodelaceae, are widely distributed in South Africa and traditionally used as an aphrodisiac and skin remedies.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop an analytical method for chemical profiling and identification of components in Bulbine species, which would be useful for herbal identification and understanding of the biological activity of B. natalensis in terms of safety and benefits to human health.

Method
The anthraquinone-type compounds were structurally characterized from the extracts of dried stem and roots of Bulbine species and dietary supplements using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF) with negative and positive ion electrospray. The calculated accurate masses of the protonated and deprotonated molecules and fragment ions were used for identification of the components from two Bulbine species.

Results
A total of 55 anthraquinone-type compounds, including 11 standard compounds, were identified in the crude extracts of two Bulbine species. Two Bulbine species and dietary supplements were clustered into different groups and possible chemical markers were identified.

Conclusions
The developed analytical method provided a fast and economic method for quality assessment of Bulbine species in dietary supplements based on anthraquinone-type compounds.

Highlights
This study reports holistic chemical profiling of Bulbine species using LC-QToF. The developed analytical method enabled non-targeted analysis of components in B. natalensis and B. frutescens, and is recommended for commercial and regulatory purposes.
Timing and temperature thresholds of heat stress effects on fertility performance of different parity sows in Spanish herds
Authors: Iida Ryosuke , Piñeiro Carlos , Koketsu Yuzo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High temperature is an environmental factor that impairs sow fertility. In this study, we identified the critical weeks for heat stress effects on aspects of fertility performance, namely weaning-to-first-service interval (WSI) and farrowing rate (FR). We also examined the threshold temperatures above which the fertility performance deteriorated and whether there were any differences between parities regarding heat stress effects or thresholds. Performance data of sows in 142 herds from 2011 to 2016 were matched to appropriate weekly averaged daily maximum temperatures (Tmax) from weather stations close to the herds. Two types of ratios (i.e., ratio for WSI and odds ratio for FR) were used to identify the critical weeks for heat stress by comparing the respective measures for two sow groups based on Tmax in different weeks around weaning or service events. The ratios for WSI were calculated between groups of sows exposed to Tmax ≥ 27 °C or &lt;27 °C in each week before weaning, with the Tmax cutoff value based on a recent review study. Similarly, the odds ratios for FR for the two groups were calculated in weeks around service. The weeks with the largest differences in the fertility measures between the two Tmax groups (i.e., the highest ratio for WSI and the lowest odds ratio for FR) were considered to be the critical weeks for heat stress. Also, piecewise models with different breakpoints were constructed to identify the threshold Tmax in the critical week. The breakpoint in the best-fit model was considered to be the threshold Tmax. The highest ratios for WSI were obtained at 1 to 3 wk before weaning in parity 1 and 2 or higher sow groups. The threshold Tmax leading to prolonged WSI was 17 °C for parity 1 sows and 25 °C for parity 2 or higher sows. Increasing Tmax by 10 °C above these thresholds increased WSI by 0.65, and 0.33 to 0.35 d, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). For FR, the lowest odds ratios were obtained at 2 to 3 wk before service in parity 0, 1, and 2 or higher sow groups. The threshold Tmax leading to reductions in FR was 20, 21, and 24 to 25 °C for parity 0, 1, and 2 or higher sow groups, respectively. Increasing Tmax by 10 °C above these thresholds decreased FR by 3.0%, 4.3%, and 1.9% to 2.8%, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). These results indicate that the critical weeks for heat stress were 2 to 3 wk before service for FR and 1 to 3 wk before weaning for WSI. The decreases in fertility performance in parity 0 to 1 sows started at temperatures 3 to 8 °C lower than in parity 2 or higher sows.
Sulfoxaflor Alters Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Preference, Feeding, and TYLCV Transmission
Authors: Liu Baiming , Preisser Evan L , Yang Zezhong , Jiao Xiaoguo , Zhang Youjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many damaging agricultural pests can, in addition to their direct feeding damage, acquire and transmit plant pathogens. Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is considered a ‘supervector’ of disease-causing plant pathogens and viruses. One of the most damaging of these is Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a circulatively transmitted begomovirus than can extensively damage field and greenhouse crops. Because sustained feeding periods are necessary to acquire and transmit circulatively transmitted viruses, pesticides that, in addition to their direct lethality, suppress feeding in surviving individuals may be particularly effective in decreasing viral transmission. We assessed the impact of sulfoxaflor, a sulfoximine insecticide, on the settling preference, feeding, and viral transmission of TYLCV-carrying B. tabaci on tomato. We found that viruliferous B. tabaci avoided both settling and feeding on sulfoxaflor-treated plants, and that sulfoxaflor virtually eliminated the transmission of TYLCV by B. tabaci. The antifeedant properties of sulfoxaflor have previously been reported in other pest systems; our results document similar effects on viruliferous B. tabaci and demonstrate that this pesticide can reduce TYLCV transmission by surviving individuals.
Associations Between Salivary Bacteriome Diversity and Salivary Human Herpesvirus Detection in Early Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Blostein Freida , Foote Sydney , Salzman Elizabeth , McNeil Daniel W , Marazita Mary L , Martin Emily T , Foxman Betsy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The bacteriome is associated with susceptibility to some eukaryotic viruses, but no study has examined associations between the salivary bacteriome and human herpesviruses (HHVs). We provide new prevalence and incidence estimates for salivary herpesviruses detection and estimate associations with bacteriome diversity in young children.

Methods
Salivary samples collected at ages ~2, 8, 12, and 24 months from 153 children participating in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia cohort 2 (COHRA2) were screened for HHVs using the Fast-Track Neuro9 multiplex PCR assay, and for the bacteriome using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We used Cox proportional hazard models to test for associations between the salivary bacteriome and hazards of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV6).

Results
CMV, HHV6, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were detected at all visits. Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV7) was first detected at the 8-month visit and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) was only detected at the 12-month visit. Varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus 2, and human herpesvirus-8 were never detected. HHV6 (24-month cumulative incidence: 73.8%) and CMV (24-month cumulative incidence: 32.3%) were detected most frequently. Increasing salivary bacteriome diversity was associated with longer survival to first detection of CMV (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.24 [0.12, 0.49]) and HHV6 (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.24 [0.13, 0.44]).

Conclusion
CMV, HHV6, EBV, HHV7, and HSV1 were detected in the saliva during the first 2 years of life. Time to first detection of CMV and HHV6 was associated with salivary bacteriome diversity, suggesting a possible interaction between HHVs and the salivary bacteriome.
First reported congenital lumbar hernia with lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome in the Middle-East: a case report
Authors: Danial Aghyad Kudra , Morjan Mohamad , Assi Ahmadfateh , Raslan Hasan , Bedon Mario , Khalil Hayat , Kalaji Nour 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Congenital lumbar hernia is a rare disease affecting mainly infants. Its association with lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome (LCVS) is hardly seen in the literature. We present a case of LCVS in a 1-month-old female infant presenting with a soft bulge in left lumbar region. Abdominal X-ray revealed absence of multiple ribs with a mild lumbar scoliosis and defective ninth vertebra. Ultrasonography showed absence lateral abdominal wall muscles in left lumbar region and 2.5 cm diameter lumbar hernia. Primary repair of the adnominal wall defect was performed without meshplasty and no recurrence was reported. We hope to enhance the literature of this rare disease with our case.
A novel class of inhibitors that target SRSF10 and promote p53-mediated cytotoxicity on human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Shkreta Lulzim , Toutant Johanne , Rabea Safwat , Babeu Jean-Philippe , Huard Caroline , Coulombe-Huntington Jasmin , Delannoy Aurélie , Placet Morgane , Geha Sameh , Gendron Fernand-Pierre , Boudreau François , Tyers Mike , Grierson David S , Chabot Benoit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The elevated expression of the splicing regulator SRSF10 in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) stimulates the production of the pro-tumorigenic BCLAF1-L splice variant. We discovered a group of small molecules with an aminothiazole carboxamide core (GPS167, GPS192 and others) that decrease production of BCLAF1-L. While additional alternative splicing events regulated by SRSF10 are affected by GPS167/192 in HCT116 cells (e.g. in MDM4, WTAP, SLK1 and CLK1), other events are shifted in a SRSF10-independent manner (e.g. in MDM2, NAB2 and TRA2A). GPS167/192 increased the interaction of SRSF10 with the CLK1 and CLK4 kinases, leading us to show that GPS167/192 can inhibit CLK kinases preferentially impacting the activity of SRSF10. Notably, GPS167 impairs the growth of CRC cell lines and organoids, inhibits anchorage-independent colony formation, cell migration, and promotes cytoxicity in a manner that requires SRSF10 and p53. In contrast, GPS167 only minimally affects normal colonocytes and normal colorectal organoids. Thus, GPS167 reprograms the tumorigenic activity of SRSF10 in CRC cells to elicit p53-dependent apoptosis.
Polee: RNA-Seq analysis using approximate likelihood
Authors: Jones Daniel C , Ruzzo Walter L 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe analysis of mRNA transcript abundance with RNA-Seq is a central tool in molecular biology research, but often analyses fail to account for the uncertainty in these estimates, which can be significant, especially when trying to disentangle isoforms or duplicated genes. Preserving uncertainty necessitates a full probabilistic model of the all the sequencing reads, which quickly becomes intractable, as experiments can consist of billions of reads. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new method of approximating the likelihood function of a sparse mixture model, using a technique we call the Pólya tree transformation. We demonstrate that substituting this approximation for the real thing achieves most of the benefits with a fraction of the computational costs, leading to more accurate detection of differential transcript expression and transcript coexpression.
Carbon ion radiotherapy eradicates medulloblastomas with chromothripsis in an orthotopic Li-Fraumeni patient-derived mouse model
Authors: Simovic Milena , Bolkestein Michiel , Moustafa Mahmoud , Wong John K L , Körber Verena , Benedetto Sarah , Khalid Umar , Schreiber Hannah Sophia , Jugold Manfred , Korshunov Andrey , Hübschmann Daniel , Mack Norman , Brons Stephan , Wei Pei-Chi , Breckwoldt Michael O , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Debus Jürgen , Höfer Thomas , Zapatka Marc , Kool Marcel , Pfister Stefan M , Abdollahi Amir , Ernst Aurélie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Medulloblastomas with chromothripsis developing in children with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (germline TP53 mutations) are highly aggressive brain tumors with dismal prognosis. Conventional photon radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy are not successful for these patients and raise the risk of secondary malignancies. We hypothesized that the pronounced homologous recombination deficiency in these tumors might offer vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically utilized in combination with high linear energy transfer carbon ion radiotherapy.

Methods
We tested high-precision particle therapy with carbon ions and protons as well as topotecan with or without PARP inhibitor in orthotopic primary and matched relapsed patient-derived xenograft models. Tumor and normal tissue underwent longitudinal morphological MRI, cellular (markers of neurogenesis and DNA damage-repair), and molecular characterization (whole-genome sequencing).

Results
In the primary medulloblastoma model, carbon ions led to complete response in 79% of animals irrespective of PARP inhibitor within a follow-up period of 300 days postirradiation, as detected by MRI and histology. No sign of neurologic symptoms, impairment of neurogenesis or in-field carcinogenesis was detected in repair-deficient host mice. PARP inhibitors further enhanced the effect of proton irradiation. In the postradiotherapy relapsed tumor model, median survival was significantly increased after carbon ions (96 days) versus control (43 days, P &lt; .0001). No major change in the clonal composition was detected in the relapsed model.

Conclusion
The high efficacy and favorable toxicity profile of carbon ions warrants further investigation in primary medulloblastomas with chromothripsis. Postradiotherapy relapsed medulloblastomas exhibit relative resistance compared to treatment-naïve tumors, calling for exploration of multimodal strategies.
Cecum perforation due to a fish bone
Authors: Dung Le Thanh , Duc Nguyen Minh , My Thieu-Thi Tra , Linh Le Tuan , Luu Vu Dang , Thong Pham Minh 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common condition encountered in clinical practice, especially among the pediatric age group; however, this occurrence is rare among adults. Some FBs can induce the perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, including fish bones, chicken bones and toothpicks. The ingestion of FBs is rarely associated with bowel perforation, and most FBs are passed spontaneously. The ingestion of sharp and pointed objects typically produces adverse events related to the upper gastrointestinal system, and FBs are rarely retained in the colon. Bowel perforation caused by the ingestion of FBs should be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Here, we present the unusual case of a 51-year-old male who presented to the emergency room with complaints of acute abdominal pain secondary to fish bone ingestion, which triggered cecum perforation.
Examining climate change and sustainable/fast fashion in the 21st century: ‘Trash the Runway’
Authors: Boykoff Maxwell , Chandler Patrick , Church Presley , Osnes Beth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We interrogate fast fashion in the 21st century in the context of a changing climate, assessing emergent trends in sustainable fashion as an alternative consumption pathway through the annual ‘Trash the Runway’ event in Boulder, Colorado. In this research, we interviewed and surveyed designers and analyzed workshop activities that led up to their annual fashion show. We also interviewed and surveyed students at the University of Colorado who worked with designers to produce short films about them and their work. The project centers on decolonial practice by providing —who are often marginalized in decision-making processes—a stage to articulate policy and behavior changes to address climate change and sustainability. We found designers expressed reticence before the workshops and events to speak about climate change in everyday life, yet their design work creatively spoke powerfully for them, and they expressed less discomfort after the experience, while they advanced their skillset as climate communicators. Moreover, we found both designers and student partners reported that they think climate change will impact people greatly in the future. Also, while comparatively fewer respondents reported that climate change impacts them personally, our findings showed those noting personal impacts nearly doubled after participation in the sustainable fashion project. Although engagement with sustainable fashion helps to defetishize production processes and link consumption habits with awareness of climate and environmental change, more creative work should be done through fast- and sustainable-fashion endeavors to draw out spatial and temporal considerations of climate change threats here and now.
The role of negative emissions in meeting China’s 2060 carbon neutrality goal
Authors: Fuhrman Jay , Clarens Andres F , McJeon Haewon , Patel Pralit , Ou Yang , Doney Scott C , Shobe William M , Pradhan Shreekar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
China’s pledge to reach carbon neutrality before 2060 is an ambitious goal and could provide the world with much-needed leadership on how to limit warming to +1.5°C warming above preindustrial levels by the end of the century. But the pathways that would achieve net zero by 2060 are still unclear, including the role of negative emissions technologies. We use the Global Change Analysis Model to simulate how negative emissions technologies, in general, and direct air capture (DAC) in particular, could contribute to China’s meeting this target. Our results show that negative emissions could play a large role, offsetting on the order of 3 GtCO2 per year from difficult-to-mitigate sectors, such as freight transportation and heavy industry. This includes up to a 1.6 GtCO2 per year contribution from DAC, constituting up to 60% of total projected negative emissions in China. But DAC, like bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation, has not yet been demonstrated anywhere approaching the scales required to meaningfully contribute to climate mitigation. Deploying NETs at these scales will have widespread impacts on financial systems and natural resources, such as water, land and energy in China.