bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYCLE TOURISM IN RURAL AREAS: PROMOTING A RAIL TRAIL NETWORK IN ANDALUSIA, SPAIN
Authors: González Relaño Reyes , Ventura Fernández Jesús , Contreras Cabrera Gustavo 
Published: December 2021

Las vías verdes son itinerarios no motorizados resultado de adaptar líneas ferroviarias en desuso al cicloturismo y otras actividades de ocio. El artículo resalta las potencialidades y deficiencias de estas rutas en Andalucía. Con información procedente de sus órganos de gestión, se realiza el diagnóstico con una matriz DAFO como base para abordar la planificación mediante objetivos. Se proponen acciones para resolver los problemas detectados y crear una red de vías verdes eficiente para Andalucía, gestionada de manera coordinada y comparable internacionalmente con respecto a su uso público.
Rail trails are non-motorised routes resulting from the conversion of disused railway lines, geared towards cycle tourism and other leisure activities. This paper seeks to highlight the potentialities and shortcomings of rail trails in Andalusia. A diagnosis is made through a SWOT matrix, with information from the management bodies and a coherent planning is applied. The results enable proposals intended to remedy the shortcomings detected and create an effective rail trail network in Andalusia, managed in a coordinated fashion and internationally comparable with regard to public usage.
TRANSICIÓN ECOLÓGICA Y EMERGENCIA CLIMÁTICA EN LAS ENSEÑANZAS DE TURISMO
Authors: Díaz Cuevas Pilar , Becerra Fernández Daniel , Villar Lama Arsenio 
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo valora la presencia de contenidos relacionados con la transición ecológica y la emergencia climática en los grados de Turismo andaluces. Para ello, se recopilaron los planes de estudio, programas y proyectos docentes de las materias impartidas y se analizaron las competencias y contenidos relacionados. Posteriormente se han extraído resultados globales y específicos (por universidades o departamentos). Los resultados muestran una limitada presencia de contenidos relacionados y la ausencia de conceptos emergentes sobre desafíos globales y nuevas pautas de desarrollo turístico.
This paper evaluates the presence of contents related to the ecological transition and the climate emergency in the Tourism degrees in Andalusia. To this end, the curricula, programs and teaching projects of the subjects were compiled and the competences and contents were analyzed. Finally, global and specific results (by universities or departments) have been obtained. The results show a limited presence of related contents and the absence of emerging concepts about global challenges and new patterns of tourism development.
MUST-B : un modèle LUTI multidisciplinaire au service de la complexité du phénomène urbain
Authors: Zerguini Seghir , Gaussier Nathalie 
Published: December 2021

Le modèle LUTI MUST-B s’inscrit dans la double problématique de croissance urbaine et de développement durable. Il vise à répondre aux préoccupations croissantes concernant le développement urbain durable avec l’enjeu d’évaluation prospective dans le domaine du transport et de l’aménagement du territoire. Il est conçu pour intervenir dans une démarche d’aide à la décision (aide à la définition et l’élaboration de politiques publiques) pour orienter la « trajectoire » d’un territoire vers plus de durabilité.
L’article ne vise pas ici à montrer ou illustrer la capacité du modèle MUST-B à simuler l’impact des choix d’aménagement. Il pose les bases d’une modélisation permettant d’appréhender la complexité du phénomène urbain. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment construire un modèle LUTI qui intègre la complexité du phénomène urbain en modélisant l’ensemble des mécanismes fondamentaux liés à l’occupation de l’espace (compte à rebours, endogénéité de certaines variables…). Notre modélisation se nourrit à la fois d’une approche multidisciplinaire (économie, aménagement de l’espace et urbanisme, géographie, transport) et de la disponibilité des données. Nous montrons que le modèle n’est pas sensible aux hypothèses de départ : le prix d’équilibre à l’issue de la simulation est indépendant du prix initial et que, sans être encore calibré sur un territoire, le modèle est capable à partir de comportements individuels de retrouver des résultats théoriques connus en économie urbaine. Il permet donc de disposer d’une structure stable qui permettra par la suite, et après avoir été calibré, de tester différents partis d’aménagement.
Entrepreneurial Organizational Culture During a Pandemic in a Labour-Intensive Industry: The Mediating Role of Fear of COVID-19, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction in Turnover Intention
Authors: Mileva Ivona , Bojadjiev Marjan , Stefanovska Petkovska Miodraga 
Published: December 2021

Motivation and idea: Entrepreneurial culture has been considered to have a significant positive relation with the organizational growth and self-efficacy. However, the success of entrepreneurial culture has been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on the well-being of employees who work in labour-intensive industries. More specifically, the level of stress among these workers is increased and that can result in physical and mental health issues, resulting in low mood and motivation, anxiety, depression, burnout, suicidal thoughts, etc. This may ultimately influence the turnover intention in these industries. Research goal: This paper investigates whether a relationship exists between entrepreneurial organizational culture and turnover intention. The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial organizational culture and turnover intention in labour-intensive industries with a focus on the mediating role of fear of COVID-19, psychological distress and job satisfaction in turnover intention. Data: Quantitative research on 408 respondents has been conducted, whose results can serve as a reference for designing adequate human resource policies in labour-intensive industries. Findings: This study shows that Covid-19 challenged not only economic and financial sustainability, but also the physical and mental well-being of the people. It shows that the organizations that foster an entrepreneurial culture assist people in reducing stress, resulting in members of those organizations experiencing less tension and fear, which is an important part of one's health at such a chaotic time. Contribution: The paper is the first of its kind study and it expands existing research related to organizational culture during the pandemic, thus formulating practical suggestions to future leaders. This study has important implications for practitioners. Although no similar studies exist within the labour-intensive businesses, the analysis of these aspects will enable the leaders to assess and strengthen their connections to the company and to determine which segments of their organizational culture need to be improved so that employees should be happier and more satisfied.
Core Competencies and Resource Allocation in the Performance of Bottled Water Industry
Authors: Ichoroh James , Kiambati Kellen , Mbugua Levi N. 
Published: December 2021

Research question: This paper examines the influence of core competencies, resource allocation and water sector standards on the performance of firms in the bottled water industry. Motivation: For firms in the bottled water industry to remain afloat, their performance against their targets needs to be assessed (Murugesan et al., 2016). Examining trends over time is essential since stakeholders and investors are concerned with enhanced performance. This study conceptualizes that the performance of firms dealing with bottled water are influenced by core competencies (Hirindu, 2017), resource allocation (Catherine & Lee, 2017) and that there is an intervening effect of water sector standards. Idea: The idea behind this study is to model the relationship among core competencies, resource allocation and firm performance in the bottled water industry and also to examine the moderating effect of water sector standards in explaining firm performance (Ichoroh, 2021). Data: The study used quantitative cross-sectional survey design of which the population of interest comprised of 80 licensed bottled water manufacturing firms in Kenya. Open and closed ended questionnaires were administered to managers of bottled water firms. Data on demographic characteristics, firms core competencies, resource allocation and sector standards were collected. Tools: Factor Analysis was used to scale, classify, delineate patterns and enhance hypothesis testing, while structural equation modelling was applied to infer whether the survey items matched the measured constructs. Findings: The indicators of core competences had 57% variation on firm performance and increase in core competences by a factor of 0.804% led to improvement of firm performance by 1%. The indicators for resource allocation had 17% variation on firm performance and the marginal effect was 1.738%. The water sector standards intervening effect in the relationship between core competence and firm performance was found not to be significant but the intervening effect of water sector standards on resource allocation and firm performance was significant. Contribution: The study gives indicators of repositioning strategies in the bottled water industry and provides insights to the government on policy regulations and standards.
Evaluation, Effect of Whitening Agents on Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Sardine Surimi (Sardina pilchardus)
Authors: Zaghbib Imen , Arafa Soumaya , Mnasser Hassouna 
Published: December 2021

The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) treatments on the colour and textural properties of sardine surimi (Sardina pilchardus) were studied. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied in order to investigate their effects and to determine the optimum whitening agents used. Addition of CaCO3 and H2O2 significantly improved whiteness of surimi in comparison to NaHCO3 treatments (p < 0.05). Some textural damage and a reduction in WHC values were observed for surimi treated withH2O2 and NaHCO3 (p < 0.05). PCA biplot showed that 1.5% CaCO3 tended to result in improved whiteness, WHC and textural properties since 1.5% CaCO3 sample sits closer to these functional properties vector lines than the other treatments. Whereas, 2.5% H2O2 had positively affected only the whiteness parameter. Results indicated that treating mince with the appropriate type and concentration of whitening agent can improve the functional properties of surimi, particularly from fish species with darker meat such as sardine.
Aims: In order to improve whiteness and functional properties of sardine surimi (Sardina pilchardus), the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) treatments were studied. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied in order to investigate their effects and to determine the optimum whitening agents used.
Study Design: Experimental Research Design
Place and Duration of Study: Research Unit “Biopreservation and Valorisation of Agro-Food Products” of the Higher Graduate School of Food Industry of Tunisia. The study was conducted in 3 months.
Methodology: Sardine surimi samples were prepared with different treatments at different concentrations: calcium carbonate (CaCO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Proximate composition, total pigment, whiteness, water holding capacity and textural properties were investigated. Optimal levels of each whitening agent were determined using PCA.
Results: Addition of CaCO3 and H2O2 significantly improved whiteness of surimi in comparison to NaHCO3 treatments (p < 0.05). Some textural damage and a reduction in WHC values were observed for surimi treated withH2O2 and NaHCO3 (p < 0.05). PCA biplot showed that 1.5% CaCO3 tended to result in improved whiteness, WHC and textural properties since 1.5% CaCO3 sample sits closer to these functional properties vector lines than the other treatments. Whereas, 2.5% H2O2 had positively affected only the whiteness parameter.
Conclusion: Results indicated that treating mince with the appropriate type and concentration of whitening agent can improve the functional properties of surimi, particularly from fish species with darker meat such as sardine.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Convective Drying on Some Selected Vegetables
Authors: A. Adeleye Samson , Oluwaleye Iyiola O. , Oni Taiwo O. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This work gives the reports on experimental study of the effects of drying on some selected vegetables, namely fluted pumpkin (specimen I), spinach (specimen II), lettuce (specimen III), and waterleaf (specimen IV).
Methodology: The vegetable specimens were dried at regulated drying temperatures of 323K, 333K, and 343K, and the percentage amount of water, fat, crude fibre, ash, protein, and carbohydrate, as well as the fungi and bacteria counts in the vegetable specimens was determined at these temperatures.
Results: The results revealed that the amount of water in the vegetable specimens reached 0% earlier at the regulated drying temperature of 343K than at the other regulated drying temperatures. The results also indicated that the dried vegetable specimen II has highest fat content of 8.2%, the dried vegetable specimen III has highest crude fibre content of 14.5%, the dried vegetable specimen IV has highest ash content of 18.6%, the dried vegetable specimen I has highest protein content of 30.3%, and the dried vegetable s specimen III has highest carbohydrate content of 42.2% at the regulated drying temperature of 323K. The same trend of results was obtained for the regulated drying temperatures of 333K and 343K. Furthermore, the results showed that at the regulated drying temperature of 323K, the dried vegetable specimen III has the lowest bacteria counts of 4.3 x 107 CFU/g. The trend of result obtained for the regulated drying temperatures of 333K and 343K is similar to that of the 323K. At the regulated drying temperature of 323K, the dried vegetable specimen II has the lowest bacteria counts of 1.7 x 107 CFU/g. The same trend of results was obtained for the regulated drying temperatures of 333K and 343K.
Conclusions: Drying has effects on the percentage amount of fat, crude fibre, ash, protein, and carbohydrate in the vegetable specimens. The microbial counts and the fungi counts decrease when the temperature increases. The present work can be applied in food engineering industries, and engineering in agriculture.
Identification of Medicinal Plants Using DNA Barcoding Technique
Authors: Pang Xiaohui , Chen Shilin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used in the health care system in China for thousands of years. The correct identification of these plants is a prerequisite for their safe application. At present, the traditional methods are insufficient to meet the demands of identification, and a rapid and accurate method for authentication of medicinal plants is needed. DNA barcoding, a technique aiming at detecting species‐specific differences in a short region of DNA, provides a new powerful tool toward addressing this problem. Recently, ITS2 (second internal transcribed spacer) barcode has been broadly recognized and widely applied in the discrimination of herbs, and a publically available DNA barcoding system for identifying herbs has been established. Principles for identification of herbs using DNA barcoding have been embodied into the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In this article, we introduce the DNA barcoding technique and determine its usage in discriminating medicinal plants, as well as its advances in herb identification.
Satraps
Authors: Jacobs Bruno 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the Achaemenid Empire, the satrap was the highest authority within a given administrative unit. Satraps acted at different levels of the administrative hierarchy and were responsible for political stability and the tasks of regional administration. The structures created in the Achaemenid period were largely adopted by Alexander III and still shaped essential features of the administrative organization of the Seleucid and Arsacid Empires.
Treaties, Ancient Near East
Authors: Devecchi Elena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAncient Near Eastern treaties were contractual agreements between two political entities, in most cases between two kings. Numerous treaties survive in written form, and others are known indirectly from other types of source, such as royal inscriptions, historiographic compositions, and letters. They date from the twenty‐fourth until the seventh centurybce, but the best‐preserved and largest group dates to the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550–1200bce) and was recovered in the archives of Hattusa, the capital of the Hittite kingdom.
Gaugamela
Authors: Poddighe Elisabetta , Richardson William P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gaugamela was the site of the decisive battle in Alexander the Great's war against Darius III, the last Achaemenid king. With superior numbers and resources, Darius attempted to use the geography of the plain to his advantage and to outflank Alexander's wings. After repelling several attacks and stretching Darius’ front line, Alexander led a charge of the Companion cavalry through a gap in the ranks and put Darius to flight. The Achaemenid capitals were abandoned to Alexander and Darius was in the end arrested and executed by his satraps.
Kolophon
Authors: Hülden Oliver 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Kolophon was one of the most prominent early Greek settlements in Ionia (western Asia Minor). The
synoikismos
of the inhabitants of Kolophon and Lebedos in connection with the refoundation of Ephesos (Asinoeia) by king Lysimachos in the early Hellenistic period is well known. Little is known about the archaeology of Kolophon. Several tumuli of the Geometric period have been excavated as well as a sanctuary of Meter. Recent survey activities provide information about the extent of the settlement.
Water‐Dispersing Perovskite Probes for the Rapid Imaging of Glioma Cells
Authors: Wu Dongdong , Chi Jimei , Zhang Meng , Cheng Lijun , Wang Xuning , Fan Junzhen , Huang Zengqi , Wang Huadong , Xie Hongfei , Pan Qi , Zhang Zeying , Chen Bingda , Su Meng , Xu Bainan , Song Yanlin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReal‐time in vitro detection of glioma cells facilitates precise tumor removal. However, the fluorescent labeling of tumor cells in clinical practice is limited by many factors, including the time consumed, low recognition efficiency, and fluorescence quenching. Here, a general strategy for building perovskite quantum dot (PQD)‐based biological probes utilizing the attraction between positive and negative electric charges is reported. Poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is chosen for encapsulating PQDs to completely prevent their aggregation, decomposition, or release in water or oxygen. The carboxyl group of PLGA has anchoring coordination with the PQDs, which reduces the surface defects. Moreover, it causes PQD‐based nanocrystals (P‐PNCs) to be surrounded by a positively charged layer in water. Given the specific recognition of chlorotoxin for the channels, rapid imaging of glioma cells is successfully performed in 15 min using P‐PNCs modified with chlorotoxin via charge attraction. The photoluminescence quantum yield of P‐PNC probes reached 87% and remained at 93% after 30 days of dispersion in water, while maintaining a much longer fluorescence lifetime of 15 µs. Therefore, this promising biological probe will be a general nanoplatform for identifying distinct cellular compartments using different biomarker imaging methods.
High‐Speed One‐Photon 3D Nanolithography Using Controlled Initiator Depletion and Inhibitor Transport
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Hsin , Chi Teng , Kim Jinwoo , Somers Paul , Boudouris Bryan W. , Xu Xianfan , Pan Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of sophisticated 3D nanoscale objects commonly uses femtosecond lasers to photopolymerize a light‐sensitive resin using multi‐photon absorption. This nonlinear process provides high accuracy and flexibility in advanced 3D fabrication; however, it typically has limited throughput and high cost. This work makes use of a one‐photon‐based dosage‐nonlinearity to fabricate 3D nanostructures, demonstrating a cost‐effective method for 3D nanolithography using a low‐cost 405 nm continuous‐wave diode laser. This dosage‐nonlinearity is achieved by using controlled depletion of photo‐initiation species in an environment containing inhibiting species. By controlling multiple competing processes, the undesired dose accumulation outside the writing voxel is stopped, and thereby this method creates a confined writing voxel in space. A multiphysics model is developed to numerically study the one‐photon nonlinear photopolymerization process, which is compared with experimental results.
Isolation and Properties of the Long Elusive Deep Blue Soluble [K3{(NtBu)3S}2]. Cage Radical
Authors: Legendre Christina M. , Stückl A. Claudia , Sindlinger Christian P. , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe reaction of potassium metal with sulfurtriimide S(NtBu)3 (II) gives the long elusive deep blue cage radical [K3{(NtBu)3S}2]. (1_K) that crystallizes at −35 °C from toluene solution. The subsequent physical characterization via X‐ray structure analysis, UV/Vis‐, and EPR spectroscopy from solution reveals the existence of one unpaired electron delocalized within the whole cage, i.e. coupling with the six nitrogen atoms, as well as the three potassium atoms caped by the two SN3 ligands. The present X‐ray structure analysis further supports previous assumptions made on the parent compound 1_Li obtained from [Li4{(NtBu)3S}2] (I) and finally elucidates the structural arrangement of the SN3 caps and alkali metals in such radical cage species.
Ressourcenschonung im Bauwesen – Aspekte aus der Planungspraxis
Authors: Schadow Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDie Errichtung von Gebäuden und Bauwerken ist immer mit dem Einsatz von natürlichen Ressourcen und mit Emissionen verbunden. Als Planer im Hoch‐, Industrie‐, Ingenieur‐ und Wasserbau berichtet der Verfasser beispielhaft aus den unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Praxis und beschreibt aktuelle und zukünftige Beiträge und Handlungsfelder zur Ressourcenschonung im Bauwesen. Schwerpunkte sind dabei statisch‐konstruktive Aspekte aus dem Hoch‐ und Ingenieurbau, ohne die ganzheitliche Betrachtung aller Dimensionen der Nachhaltigkeit über den gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Gebäudes oder Bauwerks zu vernachlässigen.