bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control programs for strongyloidiasis in areas of high endemicity: an economic analysis of different approaches
Authors: Buonfrate Dora , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Bisoffi Zeno , Montresor Antonio , Boccalini Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundImplementation of control programmes forStrongyloides stercoralisinfection is among the targets of the World Health Organization Roadmap to 2030. Aim of this work was to evaluate the possible impact in terms of economic resources and health status of two different strategies of preventive chemotherapy (PC) compared to the current situation (strategy A, no PC): administration of ivermectin to school-age children (SAC) and adults (strategy B) versus ivermectin to SAC only (strategy C).MethodsThe study was conducted at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy, at the University of Florence, Italy, and at the WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, from May 2020 to April 2021. Data for the model were extracted from literature. A mathematical model was developed in Microsoft Excel to assess the impact of strategies B and C in a standard population of 1 million subjects living in a strongyloidiasis endemic area. In a case base scenario, 15% prevalence of strongyloidiasis was considered; the 3 strategies were then evaluated at different thresholds of prevalence, ranging from 5 to 20%. The results were reported as number of infected subjects, deaths, costs, and Incremental-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). A 1-year and a 10-year horizons were considered.ResultsIn the case base scenario, cases of infections would reduce dramatically in the first year of implementation of PC with both strategy B and C: from 172 500 cases to 77 040 following strategy B and 146 700 following strategy C. The additional cost per recovered person was United States Dollar (USD) 2.83 and USD 1.13 in strategy B and C, respectively, compared to no treatment in the first year. For both strategies, there was a downtrend in costs per recovered person with increasing prevalence. The number of adverted deaths was larger for strategy B than C, but cost to advert one death was lower for strategy C than B.ConclusionsThis analysis permits to estimate the impact of two PC strategies for the control of strongyloidiasis in terms of costs and adverted infections/deaths. This could represent a basis on which each endemic country can evaluate which strategy can be implemented, based on available funds and national health priorities.
Zika virus induces neuronal and vascular degeneration in developing mouse retina
Authors: Li Yi , Shi Shuizhen , Xia Fan , Shan Chao , Ha Yonju , Zou Jing , Adam Awadalkareem , Zhang Ming , Wang Tian , Liu Hua , Shi Pei-Yong , Zhang Wenbo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, can cause severe eye disease and even blindness in newborns. However, ZIKV-induced retinal lesions have not been studied in a comprehensive way, mechanisms of ZIKV-induced retinal abnormalities are unknown, and no therapeutic intervention is available to treat or minimize the degree of vision loss in patients. Here, we developed a novel mouse model of ZIKV infection to evaluate its impact on retinal structure. ZIKV (20 plaque-forming units) was inoculated into neonatal wild type C57BL/6J mice at postnatal day (P) 0 subcutaneously. Retinas of infected mice and age-matched controls were collected at various ages, and retinal structural alterations were analyzed. We found that ZIKV induced progressive neuronal and vascular damage and retinal inflammation starting from P8. ZIKV-infected retina exhibited dramatically decreased thickness with loss of neurons, initial neovascular tufts followed by vessel dilation and degeneration, increased microglia and leukocyte recruitment and activation, degeneration of astrocyte network and gliosis. The above changes may involve inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell apoptosis and necroptosis. Moreover, we evaluated the efficacy of preclinical drugs and the safety of ZIKV vaccine candidate in this mouse model. We found that ZIKV-induced retinal abnormalities could be blocked by a selective flavivirus inhibitor NITD008 and a live-attenuated ZIKV vaccine candidate could potentially induce retinal abnormalities. Overall, we established a novel mouse model and provide a direct causative link between ZIKV and retinal lesion in vivo, which warrants further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of ZIKV-induced retinopathy and the development of effective therapeutics.
An update on the neurological short tandem repeat expansion disorders and the emergence of long-read sequencing diagnostics
Authors: Chintalaphani Sanjog R. , Pineda Sandy S. , Deveson Ira W. , Kumar Kishore R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Short tandem repeat (STR) expansion disorders are an important cause of human neurological disease. They have an established role in more than 40 different phenotypes including the myotonic dystrophies, Fragile X syndrome, Huntington’s disease, the hereditary cerebellar ataxias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.

Main body
STR expansions are difficult to detect and may explain unsolved diseases, as highlighted by recent findings including: the discovery of a biallelic intronic ‘AAGGG’ repeat in RFC1 as the cause of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS); and the finding of ‘CGG’ repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC as the cause of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease and a range of clinical phenotypes. However, established laboratory techniques for diagnosis of repeat expansions (repeat-primed PCR and Southern blot) are cumbersome, low-throughput and poorly suited to parallel analysis of multiple gene regions. While next generation sequencing (NGS) has been increasingly used, established short-read NGS platforms (e.g., Illumina) are unable to genotype large and/or complex repeat expansions. Long-read sequencing platforms recently developed by Oxford Nanopore Technology and Pacific Biosciences promise to overcome these limitations to deliver enhanced diagnosis of repeat expansion disorders in a rapid and cost-effective fashion.

Conclusion
We anticipate that long-read sequencing will rapidly transform the detection of short tandem repeat expansion disorders for both clinical diagnosis and gene discovery.
Reappraising the spectrum of bleeding gastrointestinal angioectasia in a degenerative calcific aortic valve stenosis: Heyde’s syndrome
Authors: Musilanga Nelson , Hongli Zhou , Hongyu Cai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The occurrence of bleeding gastrointestinal angioectasia in elderly patients with degenerative calcific aortic stenosis is one of the most challenging clinical scenarios. A number of studies have shown that this clinical phenomenon is known as Heyde’s syndrome.

Main body of the abstract
The pathogenesis of Heyde’s syndrome is mainly due to the loss of high-molecular-weight von Willebrand factor (HMW vWF) multimers, as a consequent fragmentation of HMW vWF multimers as they pass through the stenosed aortic valve leading to acquired von Willebrand syndrome type IIA. Aortic valve replacement has proven to be a more effective management approach in the cessation of recurrent episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Short conclusion
Physicians should have a high index of suspicion when dealing with elderly patients with established aortic stenosis presenting with iron deficiency anemia or unclear gastrointestinal bleeding. Parallel consultations between different specialties are essential for appropriate management.
Attenuation of Muscle Mass and Density Is Associated With Poor Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Major Gynecologic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Che Lu , Zhang Yan , Yu Jiawen , Xu Li , Huang Yuguang 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to explore the associations of preoperative sarcopenia (muscle mass depletion) and myosteatosis (muscle quality attenuation) with the incidence of postinduction hypotension (PIH) and postoperative complications among patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery.

METHODS:
Based on a previous prospective surgical registry of gynecologic patients, we included patients with an available preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan performed within 3 months before surgery. The cross-sectional muscle mass and density at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level were measured from the CT scan. The primary outcome was PIH, which was defined as a blood pressure reduction >30% from baseline. The secondary outcome was postoperative complications based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associations between the muscle parameters and outcomes.

RESULTS:
Of the 167 gynecologic surgical patients included in this study, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 53.0 (12.2) years. Sarcopenia was present in 86 (51.5%) patients. Fifty-six (33.5%) patients experienced PIH, and 89 (53.3%) patients experienced different degrees of postoperative complications. Multivariable analysis showed that myosteatosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of PIH (odds ratio [OR] = 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-7.04; P = .015), and sarcopenia was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.16-4.57; P = .018).

CONCLUSIONS:
Muscle assessments using preoperative CT scans may help identify high-risk patients and determine perioperative management strategies among gynecologic patients.
Beaches and Ports
Authors: Freed-Thall Hannah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis introduction theorizes the littoral zone as a space for rethinking comparative literature and the environmental humanities. Beaches and ports are among the twentieth century’s most vexed and polyvalent cultural geographies. The article contends that the tidelands should be approached as a representational and geophysical overlap, an amalgamation of industry, biology, text, and image. Beaches and ports are ecological and industrial force fields: spaces of prohibition and pleasure, labor and play, exposure and refuge. They are the staging grounds and terraformed dreamscapes of carbon-based capitalism—but they are also potential commons in which different rhythms of existence come into view.
At the Edges of Unmeeting: Geometries of Sea and Land in Marianne Moore’s Seascapes
Authors: Smailbegović Ada 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article theorizes the edge between the land and the sea in Marianne Moore’s poetry and in Jeff Wall’s photograph “The Flooded Grave.” For these artists, the edge is constituted as an array of fluctuating temporal rhythms created by living organisms and dynamic abiotic elements, such as changing tides and the rocky or sandy substrates that make up the geological formation of the coastline. The edge appears in a number of Moore’s poems, including “The Fish,” which depicts the intertidal zone populated by injured “crow-blue mussel-shells,” “ink- / bespattered jelly fish,” and sea-stars, which resemble “pink / rice-grains.” Wall’s photograph, in turn, portrays a transposition between an aquatic and a terrestrial environment by placing an intertidal pool filled with star fish and sea anemones into the rectangular space of a grave. This article reads such moments as experiments in the textured edges of displacement. In these instances of intertidal encounter, organisms find themselves in unlikely configurations of space and time as a consequence of geophysical and ecological redistributions associated with effects of climate change.
At the Shores of Work
Authors: Wells Sarah Ann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShifting away from the paradigmatic factory gates, this article examines what comes into view as cinema approaches the port. Through a reading of Aloysio Raulino’s experimental short film Santos Port (Brazil, 1978), it shows how the port film is uniquely poised to view livelihoods that trouble narrow definitions of work and its spatial, temporal, and corporeal limits. Through its montage and unusual soundscape, Santos Port presents laboring bodies in excess of their labor in an elusive portrait of both a strike and of work-life relationships. Unwaged, overlooked forms of work and their relationship to broader modes of life are subject to an unprecedented attention. In the process, the port film queries what is meant by work, and in particular its spatial-temporal dimensions—the work site and the working day, the key site of struggle for labor under capitalism. Crucially, the port film is also where the labor of gender is thrown into stark relief, for understandings of work-time and work-space are indelibly and insistently gendered. The article concludes by suggesting how these expanded understandings of work are inflected by the geopolitical position of port films and their relationship to global capitalism.
“The Chalk Wall Falls to the Foam”: Reimagining Littoral Space in the Poetry of the Dover Cliffs
Authors: Uphaus Maxwell 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhere beaches and harbors have frequently been taken to signify openness and intermingling, a different coastal setting, the cliffs of Dover, overtly bespeaks opposition and closure. Demarcating the British coast at its closest point to continental Europe, the cliffs often stand for Britain’s supposedly elemental insularity. However, the chalk composing the cliffs makes them, in their own way, as malleable and permeable as a beach. I argue that poems by Matthew Arnold, W. H. Auden, and Daljit Nagra contest the cliffs’ association with an exclusive Britishness by focusing on their material composition. In these poems, the cliffs’ chalk—formed by fossilized marine microorganisms at a time when what would become Britain was at the bottom of a prehistoric sea—attests to Britain’s geohistorical contingency. Arnold, Auden, and Nagra use this chalk geology to develop a new model of British identity as contingent, permeable, and linked with the wider world. In these poems, that is, Dover’s cliffs collapse oppositions rather than enforcing them: they blur the lines between Britain and the world, past and present, organic and inorganic, human history and geological history. The literature of the Dover cliffs thus highlights the revisionary potential of this distinctive kind of littoral space.
Oil, Water, World, Wax, Mind: Jean Rolin’sOrmuz
Authors: Ravindranathan Thangam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis essay considers the unworldly setting of Jean Rolin’s novel Ormuz (2013), composed around the attempt by a shadowy character named Wax to swim across the Strait of Hormuz. This twenty-one-nautical-mile-wide stretch of sea separating Iran from the Arabian Peninsula, through which is shipped 35 percent of the world’s petroleum, is a waterway of the utmost geopolitical importance, its harbors built not for dreamy swimmers but for giant oil tankers and the elaborate maritime-military infrastructure assuring their passage. Such a setting would seem to stand as a bleak other to the novel as genre. Yet if one thinks of the history of the novel as inseparable from that of carbon capitalism (as Amitav Ghosh has argued), such a claim is reversed—this site where powerful strategic interests drive the flow of oil, capital, and power is the place of the continual making and unmaking, by night and day, of the world order, and thereby of the modern novel. The essay reflects on what Wax’s weird wager—as an emblem for a remarkable narrative wager—may owe to such intertexts as Google, Descartes’s Meditations, and Jules Verne’s Tour du monde, and argues for reading Ormuz as an ecological novel for our times.
Mechanosensitive expression of lamellipodin promotes intracellular stiffness, cyclin expression and cell proliferation
Authors: Brazzo Joseph A. , Biber John C. , Nimmer Erik , Heo Yuna , Ying Linxuan , Zhao Ruogang , Lee Kwonmoo , Krause Matthias , Bae Yongho 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Cell cycle control is a key aspect of numerous physiological and pathological processes. The contribution of biophysical cues, such as stiffness or elasticity of the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM), is critically important in regulating cell cycle progression and proliferation. Indeed, increased ECM stiffness causes aberrant cell cycle progression and proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms that control these stiffness-mediated cellular responses remain unclear. Here, we address this gap and show good evidence that lamellipodin (symbol RAPH1), previously known as a critical regulator of cell migration, stimulates ECM stiffness-mediated cyclin expression and intracellular stiffening in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We observed that increased ECM stiffness upregulates lamellipodin expression. This is mediated by an integrin-dependent FAK–Cas–Rac signaling module and supports stiffness-mediated lamellipodin induction. Mechanistically, we find that lamellipodin overexpression increased, and lamellipodin knockdown reduced, stiffness-induced cell cyclin expression and cell proliferation, and intracellular stiffness. Overall, these results suggest that lamellipodin levels may be critical for regulating cell proliferation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Effects of Marathon Running on Cognition and Retinal Vascularization: A Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: ROEH ASTRID , SCHOENFELD JULIA , RAAB RAFFAELA , LANDES VIOLA , PAPAZOVA IRINA , HALLER BERNHARD , STRUBE WOLFGANG , HALLE MARTIN , FALKAI PETER , HASAN ALKOMIET , SCHERR JOHANNES 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Physical activity has beneficial effects on both cardiovascular and neurocognitive parameters, and these two modalities are known to interact at rest. However, findings on their interaction during exercise are inconclusive.

Purpose
Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to investigate the effects of different forms of exercise (training period, marathon race, and recovery period) on both parameters and their interaction.

Methods
We included 100 marathon runners (MA) (mean ± SD age = 43.6 ± 10.0 yr, 80 males) and 46 age- and sex-matched sedentary controls (SC, for baseline comparison). Over the 6-month study period with six visits (12 and 2 wk before the marathon; immediately, 24 h, 72 h, and 12 wk after the marathon), we assessed cognitive parameters by evaluating the 1- to 3-back d prime, the d2 task, and the Trail Making Tests A (TMT A) and B (TMT B), and the retinal vessel parameters by assessing arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR), central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE).

Results
In the long-term analysis, 3-back d prime correlated positively with AVR (P = 0.024, B = 1.86, SE = 0.824) and negatively with CRVE (P = 0.05, B = −0.006, SE = 0.003), and TMT B correlated negatively with CRAE (P = 0.025, B = −0.155, SE = 0.069), even after correcting for age and systolic blood pressure as possible confounders. Acute effects were inconsistent with maximal cognitive improvement 24 h after the marathon. AVR was significantly smaller in SC compared with MA.

Conclusion
Chronic exercise seems to prime the central nervous system for acute, intensive bouts of exercise. Our findings indicate a possible relationship between cognitive performance in high-demand tasks and retinal vasculature and support the idea of a neuroplastic effect of exercise.
Anesthesia modality does not affect clinical outcomes of intra-arterial vasodilator treatment in patients with symptomatic cerebral vasospasms
Authors: Fischer Corinne , Vulcu Sonja , Goldberg Johannes , Wagner Franca , Rodriguez Belén , Söll Nicole , Mordasini Pasquale , Haenggi Matthias , Schefold Joerg C. , Raabe Andreas , Z'Graggen Werner J. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Delayed cerebral ischemia and cerebral vasospasm remain the leading causes of poor outcome in survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Refractory cerebral vasospasms can be treated with endovascular vasodilator therapy, which can either be performed in conscious sedation or general anesthesia. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of the anesthesia modality on long-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular vasodilator therapy due to cerebral vasospasm and hypoperfusion. Methods: Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were retrospectively analyzed at time of discharge from the hospital and six months after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additionally, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was assessed 24 hours before, immediately before, immediately after, and 24 hours after endovascular vasodilator therapy, and at discharge and six months. Interventional parameters such as duration of intervention, choice and dosage of vasodilator and number of arteries treated were also recorded. Results: A total of 98 patients were included in this analysis and separated into patients who had interventions in conscious sedation, general anesthesia and a mix of both. Neither mRS at discharge nor at six months showed a significant difference for functionally independent outcomes (mRS 0-2) between groups. NIHSS before endovascular vasodilator therapy was significantly higher in patients receiving interventions in general anesthesia but did not differ anymore between groups six months after the initial bleed. Conclusion: This study did not observe a difference in outcome whether patients underwent endovascular vasodilator therapy in general anesthesia or conscious sedation for refractory cerebral vasospasms. Hence, the choice should be made for each patient individually.
АНАЛИЗ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦИИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ ЮГА РОССИИ ДО И ПОСЛЕ ВВЕДЕНИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ САНКЦИЙ
Authors: Gichiev Nabiyula S. 
Published: May 2021

Усиление региональной дифференциации создает проблемы для проведения эффективной государственной политики, связанной с выравниванием социально-экономического развития регионов страны и приближением их характеристик к уровням более развитых стран. В результате перетока капитала и трудоспособного населения из бедных регионов в богатые повышается риск региональных кризисов и межрегиональных конфликтов, поэтому дифференциация в этом случае дестимулирует развитие и ее приходится снижать. Для решения отмеченной проблемы необходимо на основе кластерного анализа оценить уровень дифференциации социально-экономического развития проблемных регионов Юга России.
Цель исследования: на основе кластерного анализа определить уровень диф-ференциации социально-экономического развития регионов Юга России до и после введения антироссийских санкций.
Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались экономико-статистические методы анализа
Результаты: в статье представлены результаты кластерного анализа регионов Южного и Северо-Кавказского федеральных округов по уровню показателей их социально-экономического развития и демографического положения до и после введения антироссийских санкций.
Область применения результатов: полученные результаты исследования могут применяться при разработке Стратегии социально-экономического развития Северо-Кавказского федерального округа на период до 2035 года.