bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Gall Bladder Lesions
Authors: Rout Niranjan , Hota Subhransu Kumar , Dash Sashibhusan , Samantaray Sagarika , Mallik Rabi Narayan , Agrawal Omprakash 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy, representing 80–95% of biliary tract cancers. Although ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (USG-FNAC) has emerged as an effective diagnostic the tool for the precise diagnosis of gallbladder lesions, data on its diagnostic utility and cytomorphological categorization of gallbladder lesions are lacking.

Aims:
To study the diagnostic utility of USG-FNAC in gallbladder lesions.

Materials and Methods:
This study was the conducted prospectively on patients who came with clinical and radiological evidence of gallbladder space-occupying lesion and then advised to USG-FNAC over 2 years and 6 months from January 2018 to June 2020.

Results:
A total of 314 cases were included. The mean age was 56 years, with a range of 17–88 years. Women predominated over men (Male:Female = 1:2.3). Primary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was most common. On cyto-histological correlation, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of USG-FNAC of gallbladder lesions were found to be 98.82, 87.23, and 96.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The USG-FNAC of gallbladder lesion was found to be an easy, quick, cost-effective, and presumptive diagnostic procedure. It should be opted as an initial preoperative diagnostic modality in high incidence areas to avoid inappropriate management with unnecessary morbidity and cost. Moreover, a close cytological examination of the architectural pattern and the cytomorphological features would help in the sub-typing and prognosticating the tumor.
COVID-19 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination and abnormal radiopharmaceutical uptake in the axilla visualized on 68Ga-DOTATATE positron-emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Weissman Joshua , Bartel Twyla 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs COVID-19 vaccination rates continue to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to understand diagnostic imaging associations' resultant from the vaccines. Here, we report a case of a 59-year-old female who was in remission for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma and presented for standard follow-up imaging evaluation. Positron-emission tomography (PET) images from a 68Ga-DOTATATE PET (NETSPOT) demonstrated moderate focal radiotracer uptake in the right axilla. Interestingly, this uptake localized to several normal-sized lymph nodes on the corresponding computed tomography (CT). A medical history revealed the patient received both doses of an ipsilateral COVID-19 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine injection at 17 and 38 days before the PET/CT study. Subsequent scans 2 months later revealed no radiotracer uptake.
Ultrasound and Risk Survey Evidence for Cystic Echinococcosis in La Rioja Province, Argentina
Authors: Villa Micó Héctor Danoy , Ranalli R. Salomé , Hoffmann Lara Estefanía , Bazán Hugo Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Hydatidosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution with endemic areas in Argentina. The present epidemiological study was conducted to explore the presence of cystic echinococcosis in the rural community of Los Bordos (population 99), in the northern province of La Rioja, Argentina, during March 2018. The study included the search for cysts by abdominal ultrasound and a survey on family risk. Sixty-seven people agreed to undergo ultrasound examination, and five adults showed images compatible with hydatic cysts (7.5% prevalence). A family survey was applied to 29 households (78%), stratifying 24 families (83%) as high risk (95% confidence interval = 64.2–94.1) and 5 (17%) as low risk (95% confidence interval = 5.8–55.7) of transmission of the disease, respectively. The values were statistically different by the McNemar test. The goal of the present study, the first study of its kind in La Rioja, was to assess the family risk of echinococcosis among subjects with ultrasound images compatible with cystic echinococcosis.
Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Tuberculosis Suspects
Authors: Suresh Parasmal , Kumar Anil , Biswas Raja , Vijayakumar Divya , Thulasidharan Swathy , Anjaneyan Gopikrishnan , Kunoor Akhilesh , Biswas Lalitha 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens that cause a wide range of illnesses. Here, the species distribution and prevalence of NTM infections in tuberculosis suspects was analyzed. A total of 7,073 specimens from pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites were analyzed, and 709 (10%) were found to be culture positive for mycobacteria. Of these, 85.2% were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 14.8% as NTM (65.7% rapid growers and 34.3% slow growers). Speciation of the NTM isolates (n = 69) identified 19 NTM species. M. abscessus (33.3%) and M. fortuitum (24.6%) were the most dominant NTM species isolated from the patients, followed by M. porcinum (5.8%) and M. parascrofulaceum (4.3%). We also report peritonitis caused by rapidly growing NTM among the patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and a case of M. senegalense peritonitis. A low prevalence but high species diversity of NTM was detected in our study. The high species diversity of NTM necessitates the need to unequivocally identify mycobacterial isolates for appropriate treatment.
FİNANSAL DERİNLEŞME VE FİNANSAL DERİNLEŞMENİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Salih ÖZTÜRK  , Gözde TUĞAN  
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma ilk olarak finansal derinleşmenin kavramsal çerçevesini sunmaktadır. Finansal derinleşme olgusal bir süreç olduğu için finansal serbestleşme, finansal küreselleşme ve finansal yenilik gibi üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Her bir aşama hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra, finansal derinleşmenin ölçümünde kullanılacak göstergelere açıklık kazandırılmıştır.
Literatürde özellikle 1990 yılları sonrasında konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların odağında finansal derinleşme ve büyüme arasındaki pozitif yönlü ilişki vardır. Birçok çalışma finansal derinleşmenin ekonomik büyümenin nedeni olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu ilişkinin Türkiye açısından durumunu değerlendirmek için 1986-2010 yılları arasında Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ve finansal derinleşme ilişkisine yer verilmiştir. E-views paket programı kullanılarak nedensellik analizi yapılmıştır.
OVCHULARTEPE SETTLEMENT AS A MAGNIFICENT MONUMENT OF ENEOLITHIC PERIOD AND EARLY BRONZE AGE
Authors: Emin MAMMADOV  
Published: August 2021

Studying the Eneolithic Period and Early Bronze Age has always been one of the major problems of the Caucasus archeology. Ovchulartepe settlement is one of the monuments representing the both aforementioned periods in a wide range. Plenteous tangible cultural patterns were discovered in the settlement as a result of systematic archaeological investigations conducted during 2007-2013. Investigations conducted by both local and foreign researchers studied the remains of Ovchulartepe, ceramic products, fauna and flora, metal items, labor tools and so on. As a result of research work, it become known that people had started to settle in Ovchulartepe from the middle of the 5th millennium BC, and there is a notable opportunity to study their economic and cultural relations with the countries of the Near East.
ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «ЙӨРӘК» («СЕРДЦЕ») В ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНО-ЧУВСТВЕННОЙ СФЕРЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Authors: Р.Р. Данилова  , Р.А. Мингазова  
Published: August 2021

Статья выполняется в русле лингвокультурологии, в рамках которой язык, культура и человек исследуются в триединстве. Многогранное соотношение культуры и языка считается одной из ключевых в современной лингвистике, кроме того, среди языковедов не вызывает сомнения утверждение, что язык является неотъемлемой частью культуры народа. В данном исследовании предпринята попытка исследовать аспект семантики концепта «йөрәк» («сердце») в татарской и русской языковых картинах мира, в частности его представление в эмоциональной сфере человека.
Творчество чингиза айтматова в контексте татарско- кыргызских литературных связей (проблемы перевода)
Authors: Нурида Шайдулловна Насибуллина  
Published: August 2021

Данная статья посвящена анализу переводов произведений Ч. Айтматова на татарский язык. Представлен краткий обзор переводов произведений писателя с 1961 по 2018 годы, осуществленными такими татарскими переводчиками, как М. Усманов, А. Еники, Я. Халитов, Х. Сарьян, Л. Ихсанова, Р. Шириязданов, М. Харисов, М. Валиев и мн. др. Изучение проблем перевода произведений мирового писателя на иностранные языки, в том числе на татарский, до сих пор исследуется и представляет большой интерес в теории перевода и литературе.
Partitioning the vertex set of a bipartite graph into complete bipartite subgraphs
Authors: Duginov Oleg 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
Given a graph and a positive integer k, the biclique vertex-partition problem asks whether the vertex set of the graph can be partitioned into at most k bicliques (connected complete bipartite subgraphs). It is known that this problem is NP-complete for bipartite graphs. In this paper we investigate the computational complexity of this problem in special subclasses of bipartite graphs. We prove that the biclique vertex-partition problem is polynomially solvable for bipartite permutation graphs, bipartite distance-hereditary graphs and remains NP-complete for perfect elimination bipartite graphs and bipartite graphs containing no 4-cycles as induced subgraphs.
A conjecture on the number of Hamiltonian cycles on thin grid cylinder graphs
Authors: Bodroža-Pantić Olga , Kwong Harris , Pantić Milan 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
We study the enumeration of Hamiltonian cycles on the thin grid cylinder graph $C_m \times P_{n+1}$. We distinguish two types of Hamiltonian cycles, and denote their numbers $h_m^A(n)$ and $h_m^B(n)$. For fixed $m$, both of them satisfy linear homogeneous recurrence relations with constant coefficients, and we derive their generating functions and other related results for $m\leq10$. The computational data we gathered suggests that $h^A_m(n)\sim h^B_m(n)$ when $m$ is even.
An approximability-related parameter on graphs―-properties and applications
Authors: Engström Robert , Färnqvist Tommy , Jonsson Peter , Thapper Johan 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
We introduce a binary parameter on optimisation problems called separation. The parameter is used to relate the approximation ratios of different optimisation problems; in other words, we can convert approximability (and non-approximability) result for one problem into (non)-approximability results for other problems. Our main application is the problem (weighted) maximum H-colourable subgraph (Max H-Col), which is a restriction of the general maximum constraint satisfaction problem (Max CSP) to a single, binary, and symmetric relation. Using known approximation ratios for Max k-cut, we obtain general asymptotic approximability results for Max H-Col for an arbitrary graph H. For several classes of graphs, we provide near-optimal results under the unique games conjecture. We also investigate separation as a graph parameter. In this vein, we study its properties on circular complete graphs. Furthermore, we establish a close connection to work by Šámal on cubical colourings of graphs. This connection shows that our parameter is closely related to a special type of chromatic number. We believe that this insight may turn out to be crucial for understanding the behaviour of the parameter, and in the longer term, for understanding the approximability of optimisation problems such as Max H-Col.
On Schubert calculus in elliptic cohomology
Authors: Lenart Cristian , Zainoulline Kirill 
Published: August 2021

An important combinatorial result in equivariant cohomology and $K$-theory Schubert calculus is represented by the formulas of Billey and Graham-Willems for the localization of Schubert classes at torus fixed points. These formulas work uniformly in all Lie types, and are based on the concept of a root polynomial. We define formal root polynomials associated with an arbitrary formal group law (and thus a generalized cohomology theory). We usethese polynomials to simplify the approach of Billey and Graham-Willems, as well as to generalize it to connective $K$-theory and elliptic cohomology. Another result is concerned with defining a Schubert basis in elliptic cohomology (i.e., classes independent of a reduced word), using the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis of the corresponding Hecke algebra.
Un résultat combinatoire important dans le calcul de Schubert pour la cohomologie et la $K$-théorie équivariante est représenté par les formules de Billey et Graham-Willems pour la localisation des classes de Schubert aux points fixes du tore. Ces formules sont uniformes pour tous les types de Lie, et sont basés sur le concept d’un polynôme de racines. Nous définissons les polynômes formels de racines associées à une loi arbitraire de groupe formel (et donc à une théorie de cohomologie généralisée). Nous utilisons ces polynômes pour simplifier les preuves de Billey et Graham-Willems, et aussi pour généraliser leurs résultats à la $K$-théorie connective et la cohomologie elliptique. Un autre résultat concerne la définition d’une base de Schubert dans cohomologie elliptique (c’est à dire, des classes indépendantes d’un mot réduit), en utilisant la base de Kazhdan-Lusztig de l’algèbre de Hecke correspondant.
Words and polynomial invariants of finite groups in non-commutative variables
Authors: Bergeron-Brlek Anouk , Hohlweg Christophe , Zabrocki Mike 
Published: August 2021

Let $V$ be a complex vector space with basis $\{x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n\}$ and $G$ be a finite subgroup of $GL(V)$. The tensor algebra $T(V)$ over the complex is isomorphic to the polynomials in the non-commutative variables $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n$ with complex coefficients. We want to give a combinatorial interpretation for the decomposition of $T(V)$ into simple $G$-modules. In particular, we want to study the graded space of invariants in $T(V)$ with respect to the action of $G$. We give a general method for decomposing the space $T(V)$ into simple $G$-module in terms of words in a particular Cayley graph of $G$. To apply the method to a particular group, we require a surjective homomorphism from a subalgebra of the group algebra into the character algebra. In the case of the symmetric group, we give an example of this homomorphism from the descent algebra. When $G$ is the dihedral group, we have a realization of the character algebra as a subalgebra of the group algebra. In those two cases, we have an interpretation for the graded dimensions of the invariant space in term of those words.
Soit V un espace vectoriel complexe de base $\{x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n\}$ et $G$ un sous-groupe fini de $GL(V)$. L'algèbre $T(V)$ des tenseurs de $V$ sur les complexes est isomorphe aux polynômes à coefficients complexes en variables non-commutatives $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n$. Nous voulons donner une décomposition de $T(V)$ en $G$-modules simples de manière combinatoire. Plus particulièrement, nous étudions l'espace gradué des invariants de $T(V)$ sous l'action de $G$. Nous présentons une méthode générale donnant la décomposition de $T(V)$ en modules simples via certains mots dans un graphe de Cayley donné. Pour appliquer la méthode à un groupe particulier, nous avons besoin d'un homomorphisme surjectif entre une sous-algèbre de l'algèbre de groupe et l'algèbre des caractères. Pour le cas du groupe symétrique, nous donnons un exemple de cet homomorphisme qui provient de la théorie de l'algèbre des descentes. Pour le groupe diédral, nous avons une réalisation de l'algèbre des caractères comme une sous-algèbre de l'algèbre de groupe. Dans ces deux cas, nous avons une interprétation des dimensions graduées de l'espace des invariants en terme de ces mots.
Unital versions of the higher order peak algebras
Authors: Aguiar Marcelo , Novelli Jean-Christophe , Thibon Jean-Yves 
Published: August 2021

We construct unital extensions of the higher order peak algebras defined by Krob and the third author in [Ann. Comb. 9 (2005), 411―430], and show that they can be obtained as homomorphic images of certain subalgebras of the Mantaci-Reutenauer algebras of type $B$. This generalizes a result of Bergeron, Nyman and the first author [Trans. AMS 356 (2004), 2781―2824].
Nous construisons des extensions unitaires des algèbres de pics d'ordre supérieur définies par Krob et le troisième auteur dans [Ann. Comb. 9 (2005), 411―430], et nous montrons qu'elles peuvent être obtenues comme images homomorphes de certaines sous-algèbres des algèbres de Mantaci-Reutenauer de type $B$. Ceci généralise un résultat dû à Bergeron, Nyman et au premier auteur [Trans. AMS 356 (2004), 2781―2824].
On extensions of the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme to arbitrary orders
Authors: Labelle Gilbert 
Published: August 2021

The classical quadratically convergent Newton-Raphson iterative scheme for successive approximations of a root of an equation $f(t)=0$ has been extended in various ways by different authors, going from cubical convergence to convergence of arbitrary orders. We introduce two such extensions, using appropriate differential operators as well as combinatorial arguments. We conclude with some applications including special series expansions for functions of the root and enumeration of classes of tree-like structures according to their number of leaves.
Le schéma itératif classique à convergence quadratique de Newton-Raphson pour engendrer des approximations successives d'une racine d'une équation $f(t)=0$ a été étendu de plusieurs façons par divers auteurs, allant de la convergence cubique à des convergences d'ordres arbitraires. Nous introduisons deux telles extensions en utilisant des opérateurs différentiels appropriés ainsi que des arguments combinatoires. Nous terminons avec quelques applications incluant des développements en séries exprimant des fonctions de la racine et l'énumération de classes de structures arborescentes selon leur nombre de feuilles.
A unified bijective method for maps: application to two classes with boundaries
Authors: Bernardi Olivier , Fusy Eric 
Published: August 2021

Based on a construction of the first author, we present a general bijection between certain decorated plane trees and certain orientations of planar maps with no counterclockwise circuit. Many natural classes of maps (e.g. Eulerian maps, simple triangulations,...) are in bijection with a subset of these orientations, and our construction restricts in a simple way on the subset. This gives a general bijective strategy for classes of maps. As a non-trivial application of our method we give the first bijective proofs for counting (rooted) simple triangulations and quadrangulations with a boundary of arbitrary size, recovering enumeration results found by Brown using Tutte's recursive method.
En nous appuyant sur une construction du premier auteur, nous donnons une bijection générale entre certains arbres décorés et certaines orientations de cartes planaires sans cycle direct. De nombreuses classes de cartes (par exemple les eulériennes, les triangulations) sont en bijection avec un sous-ensemble de ces orientations, et notre construction se spécialise de manière simple sur le sous-ensemble. Cela donne un cadre bijectif général pour traiter les familles de cartes. Comme application non-triviale de notre méthode nous donnons les premières preuves bijectives pour l'énumération des triangulations et quadrangulations simples (enracinées) ayant un bord de taille arbitraire, et retrouvons ainsi des formules de comptage trouvées par Brown en utilisant la méthode récursive de Tutte.
Bijective evaluation of the connection coefficients of the double coset algebra
Authors: Morales Alejandro H. , Vassilieva Ekaterina A. 
Published: August 2021

This paper is devoted to the evaluation of the generating series of the connection coefficients of the double cosets of the hyperoctahedral group. Hanlon, Stanley, Stembridge (1992) showed that this series, indexed by a partition $ν$, gives the spectral distribution of some random matrices that are of interest in random matrix theory. We provide an explicit evaluation of this series when $ν =(n)$ in terms of monomial symmetric functions. Our development relies on an interpretation of the connection coefficients in terms of locally orientable hypermaps and a new bijective construction between partitioned locally orientable hypermaps and some permuted forests.
Cet article est dédié à l'évaluation des séries génératrices des coefficients de connexion des classes doubles (cosets) du groupe hyperoctaédral. Hanlon, Stanley, Stembridge (1992) ont montré que ces séries indexées par une partition $ν$ donnent la distribution spectrale de certaines matrices aléatoires jouant un rôle important dans la théorie des matrices aléatoires. Nous fournissons une évaluation explicite de ces séries dans le cas $ν =(n)$ en termes de monômes symétriques. Notre développement est fondé sur une interprétation des coefficients de connexion en termes d'hypercartes localement orientables et sur une nouvelle bijection entre les hypercartes localement orientables partitionnées et certaines forêts permutées.
Asymptotical behaviour of roots of infinite Coxeter groups I
Authors: Hohlweg Christophe , Labbé Jean-Philippe , Ripoll Vivien 
Published: August 2021

Let $W$ be an infinite Coxeter group, and $\Phi$ be the root system constructed from its geometric representation. We study the set $E$ of limit points of "normalized'' roots (representing the directions of the roots). We show that $E$ is contained in the isotropic cone $Q$ of the bilinear form associated to $W$, and illustrate this property with numerous examples and pictures in rank $3$ and $4$. We also define a natural geometric action of $W$ on $E$, for which $E$ is stable. Then we exhibit a countable subset $E_2$ of $E$, formed by limit points for the dihedral reflection subgroups of $W$; we explain how $E_2$ can be built from the intersection with $Q$ of the lines passing through two roots, and we establish that $E_2$ is dense in $E$.
Soit $W$ un groupe de Coxeter infini, et $\Phi$ le système de racines construit à partir de sa représentation géométrique. Nous étudions l'ensemble $E$ des points d'accumulation des racines "normalisées'' (représentant les directions des racines). Nous montrons que $E$ est inclus dans le cône isotrope $Q$ de la forme bilinéaire associée à $W$, et nous illustrons cette propriété à l'aide de nombreux exemples et images en rang $3$ et $4$. Nous définissons une action géométrique naturelle de $W$ sur $E$, pour laquelle $E$ est stable. Puis nous présentons un sous-ensemble dénombrable $E_2$ de $E$, constitué des points d'accumulation associés aux sous-groupes de réflexion diédraux de $W$ ; nous expliquons comment $E$ peut être construit à partir des points d'intersection de $Q$ avec les droites passant par deux racines, et nous montrons que $E_2$ est dense dans $E$.
Minimal Factorizations of Permutations into Star Transpositions
Authors: Irving J. , Rattan A. 
Published: August 2021

We give a compact expression for the number of factorizations of any permutation into a minimal number of transpositions of the form $(1 i)$. Our result generalizes earlier work of Pak ($\textit{Reduced decompositions of permutations in terms of star transpositions, generalized catalan numbers and k-ary trees}$, Discrete Math. $\textbf{204}$:329―335, 1999) in which substantial restrictions were placed on the permutation being factored.
Nous présentons une expression compacte pour le nombre de factorisations minimales d'une permutation arbitraire de transposition de la forme $(1 i)$. Ce résultat généralise le travail passé de Pak ($\textit{Reduced decompositions of permutations in terms of star transpositions, generalized catalan numbers and k-ary trees}$, Discrete Math. $\textbf{204}$:329―335, 1999) dans lequel des restrictions substantielles sont imposées sur la permutation étant factorisée.