bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent children: outcomes after congenital heart surgery
Authors: Joshi Shreedhar S. , Keshava Manaswini , Murthy Keshava S. , Sambandamoorthy Ganesh , Shetty Riyan , Shanmugasundaram Balasubramanian , Prabhu Sudesh , Hegde Rajesh , Richard Vijay S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground:Children with exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 in recent times (asymptomatic or symptomatic infection) approaching congenital heart surgery programme are in increasing numbers. Understanding outcomes of such children will help risk-stratify and guide optimisation prior to congenital heart surgery.Objective:The objective of the present study was to determine whether convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 children undergoing congenital heart surgery have any worse mortality or post-operative outcomes.Design:Consecutive children undergoing congenital heart surgery from Oct 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled after testing for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test and immunoglobulin G antibody prior to surgery. Convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 was defined in any asymptomatic patient positive for immunoglobulin G antibodies and negative for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test anytime 6 weeks prior to surgery. Control patients were negative for any of the three tests. Mortality and post-operative outcomes were compared among the groups.Results:One thousand one hundred and twenty-nine consecutive congenital heart surgeries were stratified as convalescence and control. Coronavirus disease 2019 Convalescent (n = 349) and coronavirus disease 2019 control (n = 780) groups were comparable for all demographic and clinical factors except younger and smaller kids in control. Convalescent children had no higher mortality, ventilation duration, ICU and hospital stay, no higher support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, high flow nasal cannula, no higher need for re-intubations, re-admissions, and no higher infections as central line-associated bloodstream infection, sternal site infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia on comparison with coronavirus disease 2019 control children.Conclusions:Convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 does not have any unfavourable outcomes as compared to coronavirus disease 2019 control children. Positive immunoglobulin G antibody screening prior to surgery is suggestive of convalescence and supports comparable outcomes on par with control peers.
Exploring behavioural factors affecting nutritional supplement use among children in Honduras
Authors: Long Kevin , Salter Cynthia , Good Chester , Caughey Carly , Fischer Kaitlin , Meyer Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:This study explored social and behavioural factors associated with a home fortification of complementary foods program among families of undernourished children in 14 rural communities in Honduras.Design:We collected and analysed survey data from a convenience sample of 196 households participating in a nutritional program using home fortification of complementary foods in 2017. The program supplied families with a soy-based atole powder fortified with micronutrients. A research team completed a face-to-face survey exploring social and behavioural factors associated with nutritional supplement use. Anthropometric measurements for participating children were abstracted from health clinic records of previous quarterly appointments.Setting:The study took place in San Jose del Negrito, Honduras.Participants:Participants were parents or guardians of children enrolled in the nutrition program.Results:Nearly half of participant families shared the nutritional supplement with other family members besides the index child, while 10 % reported using the supplement as a meal replacement for the child. Low education level of mothers was associated with improper use of the supplement (P= 0·005). Poorer families were more likely to share the supplement (P= 0·013).Conclusions:These results highlight the challenges of programs using home fortification of complementary foods in the context of food scarcity. Findings highlight the importance of increasing rural children’s overall caloric intake, perhaps by increasing access to locally available protein sources. Results also suggest transitioning nutritional programs to family-based interventions to increase overall intended compliance to nutrition programming.
Conservation agriculture's effect on smallholder farmer wellbeing in Mozambique
Authors: Daihawe Danielle Larissa , Lambert Dayton M. , Mulungu Kelvin , Eash Neal S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) is an important technology in many developing countries for increasing smallholder agricultural productivity and conserving arable soils. This study focuses on the effect of CA on smallholder household wellbeing including productive assets, livestock and housing material quality. The study uses a survey of CA adopters and non-adopters in the Tete and Barue districts of Mozambique. Propensity score matching was used to develop two counterfactual groups; (1) non-adopters in the communities that had received technical assistance on implementing CA, and (2) non-adopting households in communities that had not received CA instruction. Results suggest that CA adopters realized higher levels of farm production assets and better quality housing materials. CA adoption had no association with livestock ownership. The findings are encouraging with respect to demonstrating the relationship between CA adoption and improvements in smallholder household wellbeing.
A qualitative systematic review of Early Intervention in Psychosis service user perspectives regarding valued aspects of treatment with a focus on cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: Cox Lauren , Miller Colette 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Despite the increasing evidence base and focus given to Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services, qualitative literature remains sparse, particularly in relation to the ‘At Risk Mental State’ (ARMS) group. Although research has looked to service user experience within EIP, data have not been collated to understand valued aspects of treatment across both EIP groups: first episode psychosis (FEP) and ARMS, particularly regarding cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

Aims:
To conduct a systematic review of qualitative literature to examine service user perspectives on support provided in EIP treatment with a focus on CBT.

Method:
This was a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Nine studies were included in the analysis identified through a systematic database search and citation tracking. Studies were critically appraised using the critical appraisal skills programme tool.

Results:
Nine studies were identified for inclusion. Six analytical themes and 20 descriptive categories were identified.

Conclusions:
User perspectives confirm previous findings highlighting importance of therapeutic relationships for treatment success. Normalisation, learning and understanding were valued across both groups, which increased coping, and can be facilitated throughout the EIP journey. Harnessing the support of those involved in users’ care and understanding these relationships further enhances interventions utilised. Understanding the stage the individual is at regarding their experiences is essential in relation to targeting support. Transdiagnostic aspects of CBT were valued across both groups. ARMS referred to more specific strategies and there were some differences regarding coping styles and flexibility preferences; however, this may be due to group differences in problem trajectory and care provision.
The significance of maternal asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy on long-term offspring infectious hospitalizations
Authors: Nae Bluma , Wainstock Tamar , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAsymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a well-acknowledged infectious entity during pregnancy; yet its long-term implications are not well investigated. The present study aimed to test the association between maternal ASB during pregnancy and long-term offspring infectious hospitalizations. A population-based cohort analysis was conducted, comparing the incidence of long-term infectious-related hospitalizations of offspring born to mothers who were diagnosed with ASB during pregnancy, and those who did not have ASB. The study was conducted at a tertiary medical center and included all singleton deliveries between the years 1991 and 2014. Infectious morbidities were based on a predefined set of International Classification of Disease-9 codes. A Kaplan−Meier survival curve compared cumulative infectious hospitalization incidence between the groups, and a Cox regression model was used to adjust for confounding variables. During the study period, 212,984 deliveries met inclusion criteria. Of them, 5378 (2.5%) were diagnosed with ASB. As compared to offspring of non-ASB mothers, total long-term infectious hospitalizations were significantly higher among children to mothers who were diagnosed with ASB (13.1% vs. 11.1%, OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.11–1.30, P ≤ 0.001). Likewise, a Kaplan−Meier curve demonstrated higher cumulative incidence of infectious hospitalizations among children born to mothers with ASB (log rank, P = 0.006). In the Cox regression model, while controlling for maternal age, diabetes mellitus, ethnicity, hypertensive disorders, and gestational age, maternal ASB was noted as an independent risk factor for long-term infectious morbidity in the offspring (adjusted HR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.01–1.17, P = 0.042). ASB during pregnancy increases offspring susceptibility to long-term infectious hospitalizations.
Configuration and Validation of an Oceanic Physical and Biogeochemical Model to Investigate Coastal Eutrophication in the Southern California Bight
Authors: Kessouri Fayçal , McLaughlin Karen , Sutula Martha , Bianchi Daniele , Ho Minna , McWilliams James C. , Renault Lionel , Molemaker Jeroen , Deutsch Curtis , Leinweber Anita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Southern California Bight (SCB), an eastern boundary upwelling system, is impacted by global warming, acidification, and oxygen loss and receives anthropogenic nutrients from a coastal population of 20 million people. We describe the configuration, forcing, and validation of a realistic, submesoscale‐resolving ocean model as a tool to investigate coastal eutrophication. This modeling system represents an important achievement because it strikes a balance of capturing the forcing by U.S. Pacific Coast‐wide phenomena, while representing the bathymetric features and submesoscale circulation that affect the transport of nutrients from natural and human sources. Moreover, the model allows simulations at time scales that approach the interannual frequencies of ocean variability. The model simulation is evaluated against a broad suite of observational data throughout the SCB, showing realistic depiction of the mean state and its variability with satellite and in situ measurements of state variables and biogeochemical rates. The simulation reproduces the main structure of the seasonal upwelling front, the mean current patterns, the dispersion of wastewater plumes, as well as their seasonal variability. Furthermore, it reproduces the mean distributions of key biogeochemical and ecosystem properties and their variability. Biogeochemical rates reproduced by the model, such as primary production and nitrification, are also consistent with measured rates. This validation exercise demonstrates the utility of using fine‐scale resolution modeling and local observations to identify, investigate, and communicate uncertainty to stakeholders to support management decisions on local anthropogenic nutrient discharges to coastal zones.
Flow Field Fitting Method and Acoustic Doppler Velocity Measurement: A New Approach for Detecting Leakage Pathways in Concrete‐Face Rockfill Dams
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Zhang Hongbing , Wei Kuiye , Wang Ping , Ren Quan , Zhang Dailu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to detect the leakage inlets and determine the leakage pathways through a dam, and ensure that the amounts of leakage upstream and downstream are consistent and that there is no leakage around the concrete‐face rockfill dam. The injection of a pseudo‐random current in the water between two aluminum sheets A and B generates a current field that can be measured in water with sensitive current sensors. When the current is channeled along the leakage pathways, the flow field fitting (FFF) method can be used to detect their inlets. We first review the background equations for the seepage and current fields in the FFF method. Then we use the index‐velocity method to calculate the discharge and ensure consistency between the upstream and downstream leakage based on the Doppler effect. Moreover, to illustrate how the FFF method works, we used a numerical simulation to verify the feasibility of the FFF method. Finally, we proceed with a case study in which the FFF method and measured acoustic Doppler velocity are used to identify and map potential leakage pathways bypassing upstream into the downstream flow‐measurement weir. The proposed methodology successfully detected three leakage areas and obtained the discharge in a case study; our results provide engineering geology information for optimizing the layout of grouting holes.
Novel Along‐Track Processing of GRACE Follow‐On Laser Ranging Measurements Found Abrupt Water Storage Increase and Land Subsidence During the 2021 March Australian Flooding
Authors: Han Shin‐Chan , Yeo In‐Young , Khaki Mehdi , McCullough Christopher M. , Lee Eunjee , Sauber Jeanne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing extreme drought during the 2019–2020 bushfire summer, the eastern part of Australia suffered from a week‐long intense rainfall and extensive flooding in March 2021. Understanding how much water storage changes in response to these climate extremes is critical for developing timely water management strategies. To quantify prompt water storage changes associated with the 2021 March flooding, we processed the low‐latency (1–3 days), high‐precision intersatellite laser ranging measurements from GRACE Follow‐On spacecraft and determined instantaneous gravity changes along spacecraft orbital passes. Such new data processing detected an abrupt surge of water storage approaching 60–70 trillion liters (km3 of water) over a week in the region, which concurrently caused land subsidence of ∼5 mm measured by a network of ground GPS stations. This was the highest speed of ground water recharge ever recorded in the region over the last two decades. Compared to the condition in February 2020, the amount of recharged water was similar but the recharge speed was much faster in March 2021. While these two events together replenished the region up to ∼80% of the maximum storage over the last two decades, the wet antecedent condition of soils in 2021 was distinctly different from the dry conditions in 2020 and led to generating extensive runoff and flooding in 2021.
Climatological Statistics of Extreme Geomagnetic Fluctuations With Periods From 1 s to 60 min
Authors: Rogers N. C. , Wild J. A. , Eastoe E. F. , Hübert J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing a global database of 125 magnetometers covering several decades, we present occurrence statistics for fluctuations of the horizontal geomagnetic field (dBh/dt) exceeding the 99.97th percentile (P99.97) for both ramp changes (Rn) and the root‐mean‐square (Sn) of fluctuations over periods,τ, from 1 to 60 min and describe their variation with geomagnetic latitude and magnetic local time (MLT). Rates of exceedance are explained by reference to the magneto‐ionospheric processes dominant in different latitude and MLT sectors, including ULF waves, interplanetary shocks, auroral substorm currents, and traveling convection vortices. By fitting generalized Pareto tail distributions aboveP99.97, we predict return levels (RLs) forRnandSnover return periods of between 5 and 500 years. P99.97and RLs increase monotonically with frequency (1/τ) (with a few exceptions at auroral latitudes) and this is well modeled by quadratic functions whose coefficients vary smoothly with latitude. For UK magnetometers providing 1‐s cadence measurements, the analysis is extended to cover periods from 1 to 60 s and empirical Magnetotelluric Transfer functions are used to predict percentiles and return levels of the geoelectric field over a wide frequency range (2 × 10−4to 4 × 10−2 Hz) assuming a sinusoidal field fluctuation. These results help identify the principal causes of field fluctuations leading to extreme geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in ground infrastructure over a range of timescales and they inform the choice of frequency dependence to use withdBh/dtas a GIC proxy.
Three-dimensional coherent X-ray diffraction imaging via deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wu Longlong , Yoo Shinjae , Suzana Ana F. , Assefa Tadesse A. , Diao Jiecheng , Harder Ross J. , Cha Wonsuk , Robinson Ian K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a critical component of coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CDI), phase retrieval has been extensively applied in X-ray structural science to recover the 3D morphological information inside measured particles. Despite meeting all the oversampling requirements of Sayre and Shannon, current phase retrieval approaches still have trouble achieving a unique inversion of experimental data in the presence of noise. Here, we propose to overcome this limitation by incorporating a 3D Machine Learning (ML) model combining (optional) supervised learning with transfer learning. The trained ML model can rapidly provide an immediate result with high accuracy which could benefit real-time experiments, and the predicted result can be further refined with transfer learning. More significantly, the proposed ML model can be used without any prior training to learn the missing phases of an image based on minimization of an appropriate ‘loss function’ alone. We demonstrate significantly improved performance with experimental Bragg CDI data over traditional iterative phase retrieval algorithms.
Fluvial organic carbon cycling regulated by sediment transit time and mineral protection
Authors: Repasch Marisa , Scheingross Joel S. , Hovius Niels , Lupker Maarten , Wittmann Hella , Haghipour Negar , Gröcke Darren R. , Orfeo Oscar , Eglinton Timothy I. , Sachse Dirk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRivers transfer terrestrial organic carbon (OC) from mountains to ocean basins, playing a key role in the global carbon cycle. During fluvial transit, OC may be oxidized and emitted to the atmosphere as CO2or preserved and transported to downstream depositional sinks. The balance between oxidation and preservation determines the amount of particulate OC (POC) that can be buried long term, but the factors regulating this balance are poorly constrained. Here, we quantify the effects of fluvial transit on POC fluxes along an ~1,300 km lowland channel with no tributaries. We show that sediment transit time and mineral protection regulate the magnitude and rate of POC oxidation, respectively. Using a simple turnover model, we estimate that annual POC oxidation is a small percentage of the POC delivered to the river. Modelling shows that lateral erosion into POC-rich floodplains can increase POC fluxes to downstream basins, thereby offsetting POC oxidation. Consequently, rivers with high channel mobility can enhance CO2drawdown while management practices that stabilize river channels may reduce the potential for CO2drawdown.
The normalised Sentinel-1 Global Backscatter Model, mapping Earth’s land surface with C-band microwaves
Authors: Bauer-Marschallinger Bernhard , Cao Senmao , Navacchi Claudio , Freeman Vahid , Reuß Felix , Geudtner Dirk , Rommen Björn , Vega Francisco Ceba , Snoeij Paul , Attema Evert , Reimer Christoph , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a new perspective on Earth’s land surface, providing a normalised microwave backscatter map from spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations. The Sentinel-1 Global Backscatter Model (S1GBM) describes Earth for the period 2016–17 by the mean C-band radar cross section in VV- and VH-polarisation at a 10 m sampling. We processed 0.5 million Sentinel-1 scenes totalling 1.1 PB and performed semi-automatic quality curation and backscatter harmonisation related to orbit geometry effects. The overall mosaic quality excels (the few) existing datasets, with minimised imprinting from orbit discontinuities and successful angle normalisation in large parts of the world. Regions covered by only one or two Sentinel-1 orbits remain challenging, owing to insufficient angular variation and not yet perfect sub-swath thermal noise correction. Supporting the design and verification of upcoming radar sensors, the obtained S1GBM data potentially also serve land cover classification and determination of vegetation and soil states. Here, we demonstrate, as an example of its potential use, the mapping of permanent water bodies and evaluate against the Global Surface Water benchmark.
Transcriptomic analysis of loss of Gli1 in neural stem cells responding to demyelination in the mouse brain
Authors: Samanta Jayshree , Silva Hernandez Moura , Lafaille Juan J. , Salzer James L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the adult mammalian brain, Gli1 expressing neural stem cells reside in the subventricular zone and their progeny are recruited to sites of demyelination in the white matter where they generate new oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells. Remarkably, genetic loss or pharmacologic inhibition of Gli1 enhances the efficacy of remyelination by these neural stem cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of this Gli1-pool of neural stem cells. We compared murine NSCs with either intact or deficient Gli1 expression from adult mice on a control diet or on a cuprizone diet which induces widespread demyelination. These data will be a valuable resource for identifying therapeutic targets for enhancing remyelination in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Segmentation of vestibular schwannoma from MRI, an open annotated dataset and baseline algorithm
Authors: Shapey Jonathan , Kujawa Aaron , Dorent Reuben , Wang Guotai , Dimitriadis Alexis , Grishchuk Diana , Paddick Ian , Kitchen Neil , Bradford Robert , Saeed Shakeel R. , Bisdas Sotirios , Ourselin Sébastien , Vercauteren Tom 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutomatic segmentation of vestibular schwannomas (VS) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could significantly improve clinical workflow and assist patient management. We have previously developed a novel artificial intelligence framework based on a 2.5D convolutional neural network achieving excellent results equivalent to those achieved by an independent human annotator. Here, we provide the first publicly-available annotated imaging dataset of VS by releasing the data and annotations used in our prior work. This collection contains a labelled dataset of 484 MR images collected on 242 consecutive patients with a VS undergoing Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery at a single institution. Data includes all segmentations and contours used in treatment planning and details of the administered dose. Implementation of our automated segmentation algorithm uses MONAI, a freely-available open-source framework for deep learning in healthcare imaging. These data will facilitate the development and validation of automated segmentation frameworks for VS and may also be used to develop other multi-modal algorithmic models.