bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis of Triphala Kajjali tablet-an ayurvedic herbomineral formulation for metabolic syndrome
Authors: Garasia Jaynika S. , Goyal Mandip , R. Harisha C. , Shukla Vinay J. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Triphala is one of the most easily available and commonly used medicine which contains fine powder of three fruits viz. Terminalia chebula Retz. (Haritaki), Terminalia bellerica Roxb. (Bibhitaki) and Embilica officinalis Gaertn. (Amalaki) and is indicated as one of the drugs for management of disorders of Kapha and Meda. Due to bitter and astringent taste of Triphala in the powder form is a major complaint of the patients. So, to discover that form of Triphala, which is easy to take, effective in low dose, has long shelf life and simple to dispense is the need. For assurance of quality of herbal compounds pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis should be done. Methods: Triphala Kajjali was subjected to microscopic evaluation for pharmacognostical, physiochemical analysis like hardness, weight variation, loss on drying, ash value, acid insoluble extract, pH value, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).Results: Pharmacognostical study showed the presence of certain identifying characters of all of the ingredients of Triphala Kajjali that is Haritaki, Bibhitaki and Amalaki. In pharmaceutical study, preliminary physiochemical analysis showed that hardness of the tablet was 2.05 kg/cm2, ash value 4.03%w/w, loss on drying 5.5%w/w, water soluble extract 5.89%w/w, alcohol soluble extract 25.96%w/w and HPTLC showed 7 spots in 254 nm and 7 spots in 366 nm.Conclusions: Pharmacognostical and physico-chemical observations revealed the specific characters of all active constituents of Triphala Kajjali and confirmed the purity and genuinity of the drug.
Utilization of delivery and postnatal health services by indigenous women of a hilly, remote district in India: a struggle for safe motherhood
Authors: Purohit Neha 
Published: January 2021

Background: Maternal and new-born health remains issue of critical concern for the developing world. The day of Delivery and immediate postpartum period poses the greatest risk of survival for the mother as well as the child. The indigenous women in rural, remote areas face various geographical, climatic, socio-economic inequities, which further amplify health risks associated with delivery. The study aimed to identify the pattern of utilization of intrapartum and postpartum health services by indigenous women in rural, remote area and understand the challenges faced by them to access care. Methods: A community based descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 41 far-flung villages of Lahaul and Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh, India, using a mixed-method approach of data collection. 103 females who had experienced delivery in past 2 years and were residents of Lahaul for minimum of 3 years, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The quantitative data was analysed by SPSS-20. The qualitative data was transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: The study highlighted the significant physical, psychological, financial and socio-cultural risks borne by the women of Lahaul in order to access biomedical care during maternity care. The prime cause of the grave situation was inadequacy of appropriate care in the health facilities of the district, which forced the women to migrate to areas with better healthcare facilities.Conclusions: The study stressed the need to establish comprehensive emergency, obstetric and new born care in the tribal area to reverse the disparities in the region and improve health outcomes.
Combit response to COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha: future public health challenges and measures
Authors: Swain Dharitri , V. R. Vijay , Das Hrushikesh , Issac Alwin , Stephen Shine , Jacob Jaison 
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 is considered as a public health emergency of International concern (PHEIC) and thus a pandemic with an explosive increase rate of infection worldwide. The mobilization of resources to prevent and treat COVID-19 infections is unparalleled in the history of public health. Different measured has been adopted by the different state to fight against COVID-19. The preparedness level to control this pandemic has been rapid and unprecedented and made possible by the coordination between center and state govt. To minimize the infectivity and controlling the COVIID-19 disaster, Odisha was the first state to announce lockdown 2.0, following strict quarantine guidelines, community monitoring for home quarantine people, and extending care by establishing COVID hospital. This paper is based on a review of the preparedness strategy adopted in Odisha state govt. for controlling COVID-19. The major objective was to review the recent preparedness level in the state of Odisha for maintaining a very low mortality rate and could be used as a model to deal with future challenges for effectively handling COVID-19. We searched literature related to COVID -19 published between December 20, 2019, and August 31, 2020, in the website archive of the Ministry of health and family welfare Government of India and Odisha, journal repositories such as Google Scholar, Pub Med, Science Direct, etc. We identified 35 studies that met the search criteria for inclusion in the review. The review would be useful for adopting a community preparedness and complication readiness model for effective management of COVID-19 cases.
Acute Toxicity Assessment of Mercury Chloride to Freshwater Air Breathing Fish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758): In vivo Study
Authors: Kumari Khushbu , Chand Gyanendra Bahadur 
Published: January 2021

Background: Mercury is the most noxious heavy metal. Because of its environmental persistence and ability to be accumulated in the fatty tissues of aquatic organism, it poses serious threat to the fish community. Methods: In the present study, freshwater air breathing fish Clarias batrachus were exposed separately to different concentrations of Mercury chloride (HgCl2) for 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 96 hrs. Firstly, median lethal concentration (LC50) of HgCl2 to fish was determined by Probit analysis and was confirmed by pilot test. The behavioral and locomotary changes were monitored.Result: Test group showed random irregular and rapid swimming, restless activity. Along with these activities the test group became hyperactive, started jumping and changing their direction and position in an irregular manner. Some of the noticeable physiological symptoms during the initial stage of toxicity assessment were rapid opercular movement and frequent gulping of air. Both jerky movement and rapid respiratory response were reported to be occasional and slower in the longer duration exposure. Acute toxicity assessment provides first hand information to keep a check on pollution and to observe and track rigours of aquatic ecosystems.
Migrant-native differentials in the uptake of (in)formal childcare in Belgium: The role of mothers’ employment opportunities and care availability
Authors: Biegel Naomi , Wood Jonas , Neels Karel 
Published: January 2021

Objective: we explore migrant-native differentials in the uptake of formal and informal childcare and whether this is induced by lower demand for childcare versus differential access to (in)formal childcare compared to natives.
Background: The rise in female labour market participation in recent decades has challenged parents to negotiate work and family responsibilities and organise childcare. Belgium is among the European countries with the highest availability of formal childcare, but maternal employment and uptake of childcare are substantially lower in migrant populations.
Methods: Combining linked microdata from the 1991 and 2001 censuses with contextual data on childcare availability at the municipality level, we use multinomial logit models to study childcare use and type of childcare arrangement among parents having a young child in 2001. As access to childcare and maternal employment are mutually endogenous, we use estimated employment opportunities.
Results: We find considerable migrant-native differentials in childcare use, as well as substantial differences between first and second generation migrants. Second generation mothers of Turkish, Moroccan and Eastern-European background are less likely than natives to use childcare, and more likely to rely on informal arrangements if childcare is used. Controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and differential availability of (in)formal childcare largely accounts for differences in childcare use, but Turkish and Moroccan women remain less likely to use care and first generation Turkish mothers remain more likely to use informal care as opposed to formal childcare.
Conclusions: While differences in socio-demographic characteristics, labour market opportunities and availability of (in)formal care provide a partial explanation, partial migrant-native differentials in childcare use persist for specific groups, suggesting that other factors inhibit the uptake of formal childcare.
DISCUSSÕES SOBRE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NA MÍDIA REGIONAL
Authors: Silva Lucas Braga da 
Published: January 2021

A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Lei nº 12.305/2010 aponta a elaboração de planos de resíduos sólidos pelos estados brasileiros como um instrumento de gestão e gerenciamento. A pesquisa discute a elaboração deste instrumento da política no território tocantinense a partir de material jornalístico publicado por veículos online da mídia regional. A pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa e que adota a análise de conteúdo na análise dos dados coletados. Diante do exposto, a conclusão é de que durante este processo alguns veículos da mídia apresentaram dados e informações relacionadas ao assunto, mas em alguns casos sem muitos detalhes e nem todos os momentos da elaboração do plano foram retratados.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Resíduos Sólidos; Mídia Regional; Participação Social; Mobilização Social.

ABSTRACT
The National Policy on Solid Waste, Law No. 12,305 / 2010 points to the preparation of solid waste plans by the Brazilian states as a management and management tool. The research discusses the elaboration of this instrument of politics in the Tocantins territory from journalistic material published by online media of the regional media. The research is qualitative approach and adopts content analysis in the analysis of collected data. Given the above, the conclusion is that during this process some media outlets presented data and information related to the subject, but in some cases without much detail and not all moments of the preparation of the plan were portrayed.
KEYWORDS: Solid waste; Regional Media; Social Participation; Social mobilization.

RESUMEN
La Política Nacional sobre Residuos Sólidos, Ley No. 12.305 / 2010, apunta a la preparación de planes de residuos sólidos por parte de los estados brasileños como una herramienta de gestión y gestión. La investigación discute la elaboración de este instrumento de política en el territorio de Tocantins a partir de material periodístico publicado por medios en línea de los medios regionales. La investigación es un enfoque cualitativo y adopta el análisis de contenido en el análisis de los datos recopilados. Dado lo anterior, la conclusión es que durante este proceso, algunos medios de comunicación presentaron datos e información relacionados con el tema, pero en algunos casos sin muchos detalles y no todos los momentos de la elaboración del plan fueron retratados.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Residuos sólidos; Medios regionales; Participación social; Movilización social.
ANÁLISE DA COBERTURA DE PROBLEMAS AMBIENTAIS PELO JORNAL ONLINE “CORREIO DA BAHIA” (SALVADOR/BA)
Authors: Rodrigues Allan Soljenítsin Barreto , Moura Maria Clara Guimarães da Costa 
Published: January 2021

Apresenta-se aqui os resultados da pesquisa que visa a qualidade das coberturas jornalísticas sobre problemas ambientais no jornal online “Correio da Bahia” (Salvador/BA). Pelas inúmeras catástrofes que veem pairando sobre o planeta, a humanidade, começou a pensar mais na questão ambiental e em como diminuir seus impactos formando, assim, um pensamento sustentável. A pesquisa, desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Comunicação, Cultura e Amazônia (Trokano), teve como propósito buscar notícias sobre os problemas ambientais em parte da Região Nordeste e analisar como são apresentadas ao seu público. Ao final, podemos analisar como o jornalismo ambiental está presente na vida dos brasileiros e se, estas informações são de entendimento dos leitores.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Correio da Bahia; Jornalismo; Matérias; Pesquisa; Sustentabilidade.

ABSTRACT
This article presents the results of the research on the quality of journalistic coverage of environmental problems in the online newspaper "Correio da Bahia" (Salvador / BA). Through the numerous catastrophes that have been floating around the planet, humanity has begun to think more about the environmental issue and how to reduce its impacts, thus forming sustainable thinking. The research, developed by the Research Group on Communication, Culture and Amazonia (Trokano), aimed to seek news about environmental problems in part of the Northeast Region and analyze how they are presented to their public. In the end, we can analyze how environmental journalism is present in the lives of Brazilians and, if this information is understood by the readers.

KEYWORDS: Correio da Bahia; Journalism; Matter; Search; Sustainability.

RESUMEN
Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación dirigida a la calidad de la cobertura periodística sobre problemas ambientales en el periódico en línea "Correio da Bahia" (Salvador / BA). A través de las numerosas catástrofes que se ciernen sobre el planeta, la humanidad ha comenzado a pensar más sobre el tema ambiental y cómo reducir sus impactos, formando así un pensamiento sostenible. La investigación, desarrollada por el Grupo de Investigación de Comunicación, Cultura y Amazonía (Trokano), tuvo como objetivo buscar noticias sobre problemas ambientales en parte de la Región Nordeste y analizar cómo se presentan a su audiencia. Al final, podemos analizar cómo el periodismo ambiental está presente en la vida de los brasileños y si los lectores entienden esta información.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Correio da Bahia; Periodismo; Materiales; Investigación; Sostenibilidad.
OS JORNAIS IMPRESSOS DE RORAIMA E AS TRANSFORMAÇÕES NA ATIVIDADE POLÍTICA ESTADUAL (1914-1989)
Authors: Munaro Luís Francisco , Menezes Correia Cyneida 
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar trajetória dos jornais impressos de Roraima no recorte que vai da fundação do primeiro jornal local até a transformação de Roraima em Estado, a partir da seguinte periodização: jornalismo impresso durante o pertencimento de Roraima ao Estado do Amazonas (1914-1942), durante o período em que Roraima se transformou em território federal (1943-1979) e fase de consolidação da atividade impressa (1981-1989). Ele fará isso através da recuperação de acervos documentais e identificação de jornais e atores importantes na construção de uma cultura letrada regional em paralelo com a transformação política do Estado. Ao fazer semelhante levantamento, será possível reforçar hipóteses sobre porque são tão conflituosas as relações entre o estamento político regional e os canais impressos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: História da imprensa; Roraima; História política; Mídia impressa; Boa Vista.

ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to analyze the trajectory of Roraima's printed newspapers in the cut that goes from the foundation of the first local newspaper to the transformation of Roraima into a state, from the following periodization: printed journalism during the Roraima's belonging to the State of Amazonas ( 1914-1942), during the period in which Roraima became federal territory (1943-1979) and the consolidation phase of printed activity (1981-1989). It will do this by recovering documentary collections and identifying newspapers and key players in building a regional literate culture in parallel with the political transformation of the state. By making such a survey, it will be possible to reinforce hypotheses as to why the relations between the regional political settlement and the print channels are so conflicting.

KEYWORDS: History of the press; Roraima; Political history; Print; Boa Vista.

RESUMEN
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la trayectoria de los periódicos impresos de Roraima en el corte que va desde la fundación del primer periódico local hasta la transformación de Roraima en un estado, desde la siguiente periodización: periodismo impreso durante la pertenencia de Roraima al Estado de Amazonas ( 1914-1942), durante el período en que Roraima se convirtió en territorio federal (1943-1979) y la fase de consolidación de la actividad impresa (1981-1989). Lo hará recuperando colecciones documentales e identificando periódicos y actores clave en la construcción de una cultura regional alfabetizada en paralelo con la transformación política del estado. Al realizar una encuesta de este tipo, será posible reforzar las hipótesis de por qué las relaciones entre el acuerdo político regional y los canales impresos son tan conflictivas.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Historia de la prensa; Roraima Historia política; Medios impresos; Boa Vista.
Special Issue on COVID-19 and Historical Pandemics
Authors: Shinoda Sumio , Karaki Hideaki , Hayashi Haruo 
Published: January 2021

COVID-2019 was first identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, and from there it spread worldwide. Due to this worldwide distribution of COVID-19 cases, the WHO declared a COVID-19 pandemic. The pathogen of COVID-19, a novel corona virus, resembles SARS-CoV, the pathogen of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome, a pandemic in 2003), so the International Committee on Taxonomy Virology named it SARS-CoV-2. However, COVID-19 is a different disease from SARS, and should be controlled to the extent possible with the effective vaccines and therapeutic medicines.
Although one year has passed since the first appearance of the disease, the number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase, and the pandemic is now in its third large wave. It is thought that it will be difficult to eradicate the disease completely, because SARS-CoV-2 is possible to invade and live in various host animals in addition to humans.
During this pandemic, the JDR has put together the special issue “COVID-19 and Historical Pandemics.” Because there have been many pandemics that have transformed society in various ways, the special issue includes historical pandemics in addition to COVID-19. The manuscripts in this issue include various subjects related to COVID-19, including methods of analyzing the pandemic, suggestions for countermeasures against it, methods of prevention and epidemiological reviews, among others.
The WHO has released a large volume of pandemic information on an ongoing basis, including its “COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update.” In the weekly edition of December 27, it reported the cumulative number of cases and percentages of the global total from around the world: the Americas 34,403,371 (43%), Europe 25,271 (31%), Africa 1,831,227 (2%), and the Western Pacific 1.059,751 (1%). It is notable that 74% of cumulative global total number of cases have been reported in the Americas and Europe, where most developed countries are included, whereas the numbers in Africa, which includes many developing countries, and the Western Pacific region, which includes Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Malaysia in addition to Japan and China, are 2% and 1%, respectively. This indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic is a different from previous epidemics caused by other infectious diseases.
As the pandemic spreads, the JDR plans to edit Part 2 of this COVID-19 special issue.
Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States
Authors: Yusuf Zenab I. , Dongarwar Deepa , Yusuf Rafeek A , Bell Meishon , Harris Toi , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the foremost threats to population health in the United States (U.S.) leading to the emergence of co-morbidities and increased healthcare cost. We explore the influence of selected social determinants of health (SDOH) on overweight and obesity among U.S. children.
Methods: We utilized the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2016-17 dataset for this analysis. Overweight was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ? 85 th to<95 th , while obesity was defined as BMI ?95 th percentile for age and sex. Based on the literature and pathway plausibility, we examined several SDOH variables as predictors of childhood overweight or obesity in the US. Survey log-binomial regression models were built to generate prevalence ratio (PR) estimates to capture the associations between SDOH and overweight or obesity.
Results: About 30.6 million children were surveyed of which 9.5 million (31.0%) were either overweight or obese. The likelihood of obesity was elevated among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01-2.31) and (PR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.18-1.90) respectively. Overweight was more frequent in younger children, children of single parents, and children who lived in a neighborhood with no amenities. Parental attainment of college education, health insurance coverage, female gender, and language spoken in home other than Spanish were protective against overweight or obesity.
Conclusions and Global Health Implications: SDOH represent markers of overweight or obesity in children. We recommend the development of innovative interventions using SDOH risk and protective pathways as guide to address the current epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity.
Key words: • Social determinants • Obesity • Overweight • SDOH • Children • United States

Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.