bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical limiting applications of resonating plasmonic Au nanoparticles in a dielectric glass medium
Authors: Kumar Promod , Chandra Mathpal Mohan , Jagannath Gangareddy , Prakash Jai , Maze Jero-R , Roos W D , Swart H C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures exhibiting high optical nonlinearities are widely used in the rapidly growing modern nanotechnology of nonlinear optics including biomedical applications due to their tunable plasmonic behavior. In this work, we investigate the nonlinear optical properties of uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in pre-synthesized sodium−zinc borate glass by the well-known ion-exchange technique for optical limiting (OL) applications. Various techniques such as optical absorption spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Photoluminescence, Time of Flight secondary mass spectroscopy and the Z scan technique were used for the characterization of these NPs. TEM confirmed spherically shaped Au NPs with varying sizes of up to 16 nm, in agreement with optical absorption spectroscopy. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of these Au NPs were investigated by using an open as well as close aperture Z scan technique which exhibited enhanced optical nonlinearities. The two-photon absorption (2PA) coefficients demonstrated an increasing trend while the OL threshold values demonstrated a decreasing trend as a function of heat treatment. The improved 2PA coefficients and decreased OL threshold values endorsed the Au NPs containing glasses as contending materials for the fabrication of promising optical limiters for the protection of eyes and other sensitive instruments from laser induced damages.
Carbon nanotube-mediated high intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Sadeghi-Goughari Moslem , Jeon Soo , Kwon Hyock-Ju 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is emerging as a novel therapeutic technique for cancer treatment through a hyperthermal mechanism using ultrasound. However, collateral thermal damages to healthy tissue and skin burns due to the use of high levels of ultrasonic energy during HIFU treatment remain major challenges to clinical application. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as effective absorption-enhancing agents for HIFU to mediate the heating process at low ultrasonic power levels, and consequently upgrade hyperthermal therapeutic effects of HIFU. An experimental study using in vitro tissue phantoms was conducted to assess the effects of CNTs on HIFU’s heating mechanism. Detailed information was extracted from the experiments for thermal analysis, including rate of absorbed energy density and temperature rise profile at the focal region. Parametric studies were carried out, revealing the effects of ultrasound parameters (ultrasonic power and driving frequency) on the performance of CNTs in various concentrations. The results indicated that CNTs significantly enhanced the thermal effect of HIFU by elevating energy absorption rate and consequential temperature rise. Moreover, it was demonstrated that an increase in ultrasonic power and driving frequency could lead to a better performance of CNTs during HIFU ablation procedures; the effects of CNTs could be further enhanced by increasing their volume concentration inside the medium.
Terahertz scattering microscopy for dermatology diagnostics
Authors: Tanga Alfonso Alessandro , Giliberti Valeria , Vitucci Francesco , Vitulano Domenico , Bruni Vittoria , Rossetti Andrea , Messina Gabriele Carmine , Daniele Maddalena , Ruocco Giancarlo , Ortolani Michele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We explore the possibility of detecting anomalous structures buried under the skin surface by studying the deviations from the ideal Airy pattern of the point-spread function (PSF) of a terahertz microscope that includes the skin as one of the reflecting surfaces of the optical system. Using a custom terahertz microscope with a monochromatic point source emitting at 0.611 THz, we record the PSF images with a microbolometer camera. Skin simulants based on collagen gel, with and without artificial buried structures, have been analyzed. The geometrical features characterizing the PSF deformations have been extracted automatically from the PSF images. A machine learning algorithm applied to these geometrical features produces a reliable classification of targets with or without buried structures with error below 5%. It can even classify targets with anisotropic buried structures according to their different orientation.
Hyperbolic surface wave propagation in mid-infrared metasurfaces with extreme anisotropy
Authors: Mekawy Ahmed , Alù Andrea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hyperbolic metasurfaces are characterized by an extreme anisotropy of their effective conductivity tensor, which may be induced at visible frequencies by sculpting metals at the subwavelength scale. In this work, we explore practical implementations of hyperbolic metasurfaces at mid-infrared wavelengths, exploiting devices composed of metals and high-index semiconductor materials, which can support the required field confinement and extreme anisotropy required to realize low loss hyperbolic surface waves. In particular, we discuss the role of broken symmetries in these hybrid metasurfaces to enable large and broadband hyperbolic responses spanning the entire mid-infrared wavelength range (3–30 μm). Our findings pave the way to the development of large scale nanophotonic devices to manipulate mid-infrared light, with applications in nonlinear optics due to the high field confinement, light routing at the nanoscale, thermal control and management, and sub diffraction imaging.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of rare-earth tritelluride charge density wave compounds: RTe3 (R
= Pr, Er)
Authors: Seong Seungho , Lee Eunsook , Kwon Y S , Min B I , Denlinger J D , Park Byeong-Gyu , Kang J-S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The electronic structures of layered rare-earth tritelluride RTe3 (R = Pr, Er) charge density wave (CDW) compounds have been investigated by performing R 4d → 4f resonant photoemission spectroscopy (RPES) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements for high-quality single crystals. R 4d → 4f RPES measurements reveal that the R 4f states do not contribute directly to the CDW formation in RTe3 but that the R 4f-Te 5p hybridization in PrTe3 is significantly larger than that in ErTe3. In the photon-energy maps for the Fermi-edge (E
F)-crossing states in RTe3, straight vertical dispersions are observed along k

c
, demonstrating the 2D character for the near-E
F states in both R = Pr and Er. This finding implies the weak interlayer interaction between R-Te(1) and Te(2)–Te(3) layers, which is supported by the similar linear dichroism in ARPES for PrTe3 and ErTe3. The CDW-induced Fermi surface of PrTe3 exhibits two-fold symmetric features while that of ErTe3 exhibits four-fold symmetric features. This finding reveals different CDW distortions in PrTe3 and ErTe3, the origin of which is likely to be different ionic sizes of R ions and different R 4f-Te 5p hybridization.
Procode: A Machine-Learning Tool to Support (Re-)coding of Free-Texts of Occupations and Industries
Authors: Savic Nenad , Bovio Nicolas , Gilbert Fabien , Paz José , Guseva Canu Irina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Procode is a free of charge web-tool that allows automatic coding of occupational data (free-texts) by implementing Complement Naïve Bayes (CNB) as a machine-learning technique. The paper describes the algorithm, performance evaluation, and future goals regarding the tool’s development. Almost 30 000 free-texts with manually assigned classification codes of French classification of occupations (PCS) and French classification of activities (NAF) were used to train CNB. A 5-fold cross-validation found that Procode predicts correct classification codes in 57–81 and 63–83% cases for PCS and NAF, respectively. Procode also integrates recoding between two classifications. In the first version of Procode, this operation, however, is only a simple search function of recoding links in existing crosswalks. Future focus of the project will be collection of the data to support automatic coding to other classification and to establish a more advanced method for recoding.
KwARG: parsimonious reconstruction of ancestral recombination graphs with recurrent mutation
Authors: Ignatieva Anastasia , Lyngsø Rune B , Jenkins Paul A , Hein Jotun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivationThe reconstruction of possible histories given a sample of genetic data in the presence of recombination and recurrent mutation is a challenging problem, but can provide key insights into the evolution of a population. We present KwARG, which implements a parsimony-based greedy heuristic algorithm for finding plausible genealogical histories (ancestral recombination graphs) that are minimal or near-minimal in the number of posited recombination and mutation events.ResultsGiven an input dataset of aligned sequences, KwARG outputs a list of possible candidate solutions, each comprising a list of mutation and recombination events that could have generated the dataset; the relative proportion of recombinations and recurrent mutations in a solution can be controlled via specifying a set of ‘cost’ parameters. We demonstrate that the algorithm performs well when compared against existing methods.Availability and implementationThe software is available at https://github.com/a-ignatieva/kwarg.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ChemHub: a knowledgebase of functional chemicals for synthetic biology studies
Authors: Han Mengying , Zhang Dachuan , Ding Shaozhen , Tian Yu , Cheng Xingxiang , Yuan Le , Sun Dandan , Liu Dongliang , Gong Linlin , Jia Cancan , Cai Pengli , Tu Weizhong , Chen Junni , Hu Qian-Nan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTSummaryThe field of synthetic biology lacks a comprehensive knowledgebase for selecting synthetic target molecules according to their functions, economic applications and known biosynthetic pathways. We implemented ChemHub, a knowledgebase containing &gt;90 000 chemicals and their functions, along with related biosynthesis information for these chemicals that was manually extracted from &gt;600 000 published studies by more than 100 people over the past 10 years.Availability and implementationMultiple algorithms were implemented to enable biosynthetic pathway design and precursor discovery, which can support investigation of the biosynthetic potential of these functional chemicals. ChemHub is freely available at: http://www.rxnfinder.org/chemhub/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
No evidence of the unfolded protein response in the placenta of two rodent models of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Denkl Barbara , Cordasic Nada , Huebner Hanna , Menendez-Castro Carlos , Schmidt Marius , Mocker Alexander , Woelfle Joachim , Hartner Andrea , Fahlbusch Fabian B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In humans, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE) are associated with induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and increased placental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Especially in PE, oxidative stress occurs relative to the severity of maternal vascular underperfusion (MVU) of the placental bed. On the premise that understanding the mechanisms of placental dysfunction could lead to targeted therapeutic options for human IUGR and PE, we investigated the roles of the placental UPR and oxidative stress in two rodent models of these human gestational pathologies. We employed a rat IUGR model of gestational maternal protein restriction, as well as an endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mouse model (eNOS−/−) of PE/IUGR. Placental expression of UPR members was analyzed via qRT-PCR (Grp78, Calnexin, Perk, Chop, Atf6, and Ern1), immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting (Calnexin, ATF6, GRP78, CHOP, phospho-eIF2α, and phospho-IRE1). Oxidative stress was determined via Western blotting (3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal). Both animal models showed a significant reduction of fetal and placental weight. These effects did not induce placental UPR. In contrast to human data, results from our rodent models suggest retention of placental plasticity in the setting of ER stress under an adverse gestational environment. Oxidative stress was significantly increased only in female IUGR rat placentas, suggesting a sexually dimorphic response to maternal malnutrition. Our study advances understanding of the involvement of the placental UPR in IUGR and PE. Moreover, it emphasizes the appropriate choice of animal models researching various aspects of these pregnancy complications.
Statistical modeling of longitudinal medical cost trajectory: renal cell cancer care cost analyses
Authors: Wang Shikun , Shen Yu , Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Xu Ying , Li Liang 
Published: May 2021

SummaryEstimating the current cost of cancer care is important to health policy makers. An indispensable step in cost projection is to estimate cost trajectories from an incident cohort of cancer patients using longitudinal medical cost data, accounting for terminal events such as death, and right censoring due to loss of follow-up. Since the cost of cancer care and survival are correlated, a scientifically meaningful quantity for inference in this context is the mean cost trajectory conditional on survival. We propose a two-stage semiparametric approach to estimate the longitudinal cost trajectories from a joint model of longitudinal medical costs and survival. The longitudinal cost trajectories corresponding to various survival times form a bivariate surface in a triangular area. The cost trajectories are estimated using the tensor products of discretized measurement time and survival, as well as effective ridge penalties for data in 2D arrays. The proposed approach balances the practical considerations of model flexibility, statistical efficiency, and computational tractability. We used the proposed method to estimate the cost trajectories of renal cell cancer patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database.
Associations between subregional thalamic volume and brain pathology in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pardilla-Delgado Enmanuelle , Torrico-Teave Heirangi , Sanchez Justin S , Ramirez-Gomez Liliana A , Baena Ana , Bocanegra Yamile , Vila-Castelar Clara , Fox-Fuller Joshua T , Guzmán-Vélez Edmarie , Martínez Jairo , Alvarez Sergio , Ochoa-Escudero Martin , Lopera Francisco , Quiroz Yakeel T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Histopathological reports suggest that subregions of the thalamus, which regulates multiple physiological and cognitive processes, are not uniformly affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Despite this, structural neuroimaging studies often consider the thalamus as a single region. Identification of in vivo Alzheimer’s-dependent volumetric changes in thalamic subregions may aid the characterization of early nuclei-specific neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we leveraged access to the largest single-mutation cohort of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer’s disease to test whether cross-sectional abnormalities in subregional thalamic volumes are evident in non-demented mutation carriers (n = 31), compared to non-carriers (n = 36), and whether subregional thalamic volume is associated with age, markers of brain pathology and cognitive performance. Using automatic parcellation we examined the thalamus in six subregions (anterior, lateral, ventral, intralaminar, medial, and posterior) and their relation to age and brain pathology (amyloid and tau), as measured by PET imaging. No between-group differences were observed in the volume of the thalamic subregions. In carriers, lower volume in the medial subregion was related to increased cortical amyloid and entorhinal tau burden. These findings suggest that thalamic Alzheimer’s-related volumetric reductions are not uniform even in preclinical and prodromal stages of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer’s disease and therefore, this structure should not be considered as a single, unitary structure in Alzheimer’s disease research.
Regional, seasonal and age class blubber fatty acid signature analysis of harbour seals in Alaska from 1997 to 2010
Authors: Neises Victoria M , Karpovich Shawna A , Keogh Mandy J , King Ryan S , Trumble Stephen J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlaskan harbour seal populations are currently listed as a species of special concern. Although there is evidence of recent stabilization or even partial recovery of harbour seal numbers in areas of historic decline, most populations have not made substantial recoveries. To date, few data exist regarding spatial and seasonal changes in blubber fatty acids (FAs) for Alaskan harbour seal populations. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate harbour seal blubber FA profiles for regional, seasonal and age class differences. Blubber FA concentrations were analysed using MANOVA and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) from 760 individual harbour seals across Bristol Bay, Kodiak, Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska from 1997 to 2010. Our results suggest spatial and seasonal differences are largely driven by monounsaturated FAs, most notably 14:1n-5, 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7. In addition, our data revealed a progression in blubber FAs from pups to adults, with a shift from saturated FAs and short-chained monounsaturated FAs in the pup blubber to more long-chain monounsaturated FAs and polyunsaturated FAs in adults. Lastly, harbour seals pups had elevated saturated FA 16:0 concentrations when compared to other age classes, regardless of location or period. With this vast spatial and seasonal FA information, we believe future sampling of blubber FAs from Alaskan harbour seal populations could be a useful tool in assessing the response of this species and its ecosystem to changes associated with natural and anthropogenic pressures.
Revisiting Attribution Theory: Toward a Critical Feminist Approach for Understanding Attributions of Blame
Authors: DelGreco Maria , Denes Amanda , Davis Shardé , Webber Katrina T 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHeeding the necessary call for interpersonal communication research to be theorized and conducted from a more critical perspective, we employ feminist standpoint theory as a critical tool for reading attribution theory. Specifically, we examine social positionality as an essential aspect of the attribution process and identify how oppressive power structures (macro-level) and a critical consciousness of one’s social positionality (micro-level) impact interpersonal interactions (meso-level). Key components of our approach are visualized and applied to the context of sexual violence, and suggestions for additional interpersonal contexts to consider and ways to further the discussion are addressed. Overall, we maintain that taking a non-neutral, critical feminist approach to attribution theory enables us to consider how perspectives of marginalized groups are valuable sources of knowledge, interrogate how social positionality for those in power may impact attributions of blame, and recognize how groups in the margins have the agency to enact social change.
Cardiac magnetic resonance to predict recurrences after ventricular tachycardia ablation: septal involvement, transmural channels, and left ventricular mass
Authors: Quinto Levio , Sanchez Paula , Alarcón Francisco , Garre Paz , Zaraket Fatima , Prat-Gonzalez Susana , Ortiz-Perez Jose T , JesúsPerea Rosario , Guasch Eduard , Tolosana José Maria , San Antonio Rodolfo , Arbelo Elena , Sitges Marta , Brugada Josep , Berruezo Antonio , Mont Lluís , Roca-Luque Ivo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate-based ablation has an increasing role in patients with structural heart disease-related VT. VT is linked to re-entry in relation to myocardial scarring with areas of conduction block (core scar) and areas of slow conduction [border zone (BZ)]. VT substrate can be analysed by late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR). Our study aims to analyse the role of LGE-CMR in identifying predictors of VT recurrence after ablation.

Methods and results
We analysed 110 consecutive patients who underwent VT ablation from 2013 to 2018. All patients underwent a preprocedural LGE-CMR, and in 94 patients (85.5%), the CMR was used to aid the ablation. All LGE-CMR images were semi-automatically processed using dedicated software to detect scarring and conducting channels. After a median follow-up of 2.7 ± 1.6 years, the overall VT recurrence was 41.8% with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock reduction from 43.6% to 28.2% before and after ablation, respectively. The amount of BZ (26.6 ± 13.9 vs. 19.6 ± 9.7 g, P = 0.012), the total amount of scarring (37.1 ± 18.2 vs. 29 ± 16.3 g, P = 0,033), and left ventricular (LV) mass (168.3 ± 53.3 vs. 152.3 ± 46.4 g, P &lt; 0.001) were associated with VT recurrence. LGE septal distribution [62.5% vs. 37.8%; hazard ratio (HR) 1.67 (1.02–3.93), P = 0.044], channels with transmural path [66.7% vs. 31.4%, HR 3.25 (1.70–6.23), P &lt; 0.001], and midmural channels [54.3% vs. 27.6%, HR 2.49 (1.21–5.13), P = 0.013] were related with VT recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of septal LGE [HR 3.67 (1.60–8.38), P = 0.002], transmural channels [HR 2.32 (1.15–4.72), P = 0.019], and LV mass [HR 1.01 (1.005–1.019), P = 0.002] were independent predictors of VT recurrence.

Conclusion
Pre-procedural LGE-CMR is a helpful and feasible technique to identify patients with high risk of VT recurrence after ablation. LV mass, septal LGE distribution, and transmural channels were predictive factors of post-ablation VT recurrence.
Responding and navigating racialized microaggressions in STEM
Authors: Marshall Andrea , Pack Angela D , Owusu Sarah Afua , Hultman Rainbo , Drake David , Rutaganira Florentine U N , Namwanje Maria , Evans Chantell S , Garza-Lopez Edgar , Lewis Samantha C , Termini Christina M , AshShareef Salma , Hicsasmaz Innes , Taylor Brittany , McReynolds Melanie R , Shuler Haysetta , Hinton Antentor O 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWhile it is commonly thought that microaggressions are isolated incidents, microaggressions are ingrained throughout the academic research institution (Young, Anderson and Stewart 2015; Lee et al. 2020). Persons Excluded from science because of Ethnicity and Race (PEERs) frequently experience microaggressions from various academicians, including graduate students, postdocs and faculty (Asai 2020; Lee et al. 2020). Here, we elaborate on a rationale for concrete actions to cope with and diminish acts of microaggressions that may otherwise hinder the inclusion of PEERs. We encourage Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) departments and leadership to affirm PEER scholar identities and promote allyship by infusing sensitivity, responsiveness and anti-bias awareness.