bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative CT‐Based Methods for Bone Microstructural Measures and Their Relationships With Vertebral Fractures in a Pilot Study on Smokers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliu , Comellas Alejandro P , Regan Elizabeth A , Guha Indranil , Shibli‐Rahhal Amal , Rubin Mishaela R , DiCamillo Paul A , Letuchy Elena M , Barr R Graham , Hoffman Eric A , Saha Punam K 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis causes fragile bone, and bone microstructural quality is a critical determinant of bone strength and fracture risk. This study pursues technical validation of novel CT‐based methods for assessment of peripheral bone microstructure together with a human pilot study examining relationships between bone microstructure and vertebral fractures in smokers. To examine the accuracy and reproducibility of the methods, repeat ultra‐high‐resolution (UHR) CT and micro‐CT scans of cadaveric ankle specimens were acquired. Thirty smokers from the University of Iowa COPDGene cohort were recruited at their 5‐year follow‐up visits. Chest CT scans, collected under the parent study, were used to assess vertebral fractures. UHR CT scans of distal tibia were acquired for this pilot study to obtain peripheral cortical and trabecular bone (Cb and Tb) measures. UHR CT‐derived Tb measures, including volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), network area, transverse trabecular density, and mean plate width, showed high correlation (r > 0.901) with their micro‐CT‐derived values over small regions of interest (ROIs). Both Cb and Tb measures showed high reproducibility—intra‐class correlation (ICC) was greater than 0.99 for all Tb measures except erosion index and greater than 0.97 for all Cb measures. Female sex was associated with lower transverse Tb density (p < 0.1), higher Tb spacing (p < 0.05), and lower cortical thickness (p < 0.001). Participants with vertebral fractures had significantly degenerated values (p < 0.05) for all Tb measures except thickness. There were no statistically significant differences for Cb measures between non‐fracture and fracture groups. Vertebral fracture‐group differences of Tb measures remained significant after adjustment with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) status. Although current smokers at baseline had more fractures—81.8% versus 63.2% for former smokers—the difference was not statistically significant. This pilot cross‐sectional human study demonstrates CT‐based peripheral bone microstructural differences among smokers with and without vertebral fractures. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Osteoporosis, Fractures, and Bone Mineral Density Screening in Veterans With Kidney Stone Disease
Authors: Ganesan Calyani , Thomas I-Chun , Romero Ruth , Song Shen , Conti Simon , Elliott Chris , Chertow Glenn M , Kurella Tamura Manjula , Leppert John T , Pao Alan C 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Whether a link exists between kidney stone disease and osteoporosis or fractures remains an open question. In this retrospective cohort study, we sought to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures and rate of bone mineral density screening by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in patients with kidney stone disease. We examined nationwide data from the Veterans Health Administration and identified 531,431 patients with kidney stone disease between 2007 and 2015. Nearly 1 in 4 patients (23.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 23.5–23.7) with kidney stone disease had a prevalent diagnosis of osteoporosis or fracture. In patients with no prior history of osteoporosis or bone mineral density assessment before a kidney stone diagnosis, 9.1% were screened with DXA after their kidney stone diagnosis, of whom 20% were subsequently diagnosed with osteoporosis. Our findings provide support for wider use of bone mineral density screening in patients with kidney stone disease, including middle-aged and older men, a group less well recognized as at risk for osteoporosis or fractures. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Morphology and distribution of sensilla on the antennae and ovipositor of the Hymenopteran parasitoid Pseudotorymus jaapiellae Yang et Chen
Authors: Zhu Xiu , Liu Sai , Xu Chang‐Qing , Guo Kun , Xu Rong , Qiao Hai‐Li , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPseudotorymus jaapiellae is an important ectoparasitoid of the larvae of Gephyraulus lycantha, a serious gall‐forming pest that devastates wolfberry, Lycium barbarum, in Northwest China. To provide requisite background for our ongoing research on the mechanisms of P. jaapiellae's host location and subsequent oviposition, we used scanning electron microscopy to describe the external morphologies and distributions of sensilla on their antennae and ovipositors. The geniculate antennae of both male and female P. jaapiellae were each composed of a scape with a basal radiculum, a pedicel, an anellum and a flagellum. We identified nine morphological sensilla types on the antennae of both sexes, including three sensilla trichodea (ST), one sensillum basiconicum (SB), two sensilla chaetica (SCh), one sensillum placodeum (SP), one sensillum coeloconicum (SCo), and one sensillum campaniformia (SCa). Females had significantly more ST I and SP than males had, but males had more ST III than did females. We observed six types of sensilla on the ovipositor, including three ST, one SB, and two SCa. ST II, ST IV and SB II were on the sheath, whereas ST V and the SCa were on the stylus. Finally, the possible biological functions of these sensilla were discussed according to their morphology and ultrastructure. These results provide an important basis for further study on chemical communication between P. jaapiellae and their host, and contribute to the development of a biological control program for G. lycantha, using the parasitoid, P. jaapiellae.
How and When Does Follower’s Strengths‐Based Leadership Relate to Follower Innovative Behavior: The Roles of Self‐Efficacy and Emotional Exhaustion
Authors: Ding He , Quan Guijie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the association of follower’s strengths‐based leadership (FSBL) with follower innovative behavior and the meditating role of self‐efficacy in the relationship. Furthermore, this paper also explored the moderating role of emotional exhaustion in the relationship between FSBL, self‐efficacy, and innovative behavior. Data were gathered through online survey questionnaires. The sample consisted of 705 employees who have worked in various enterprises in China. Bootstrapping analysis was utilized to examine the proposed hypotheses. The results revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between FSBL and follower innovative behavior, and self‐efficacy mediated the relationship. In addition, this study also found that emotional exhaustion positively moderated the direct relationship between self‐efficacy and innovative behavior and the indirect relationship between FSBL and innovative behavior via self‐efficacy. This study provides a new piece of evidence for the FSBL and innovative behavior relation and contributes to the understanding of the motivational mechanism and boundary condition of the relationship between FSBL and follower innovative behavior.
Soil surfactants applied with15N labeled urea increases bermudagrass uptake of nitrogen and reduces nitrogen leaching#
Authors: Abagandura Gandura Omar , Park Dara , Bridges William C. , Brown Kristen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground: Increasing nitrogen (N) plant uptake efficiency may result in better plant quality and growth, less N susceptible to leaching and potential contamination to surrounding environments. Soil surfactants have been documented to increase water infiltration and enhance water uniformity throughout the soil profile. Thus, applying a surfactant may increase N uptake and use efficiency.Methods: To investigate this theory, four treatments were applied to bermudagrass grown in leaching columns filled with one of three soils (sand, sandy loam, and sandy clay loam): (1) 10% alkoxylated polyols and 7% of glucoethers surfactant with15N labeled urea, (2) 10% oleic acid esters of block copolymer surfactant with15N labeled urea, (3) water with15N labeled urea, and (4) water without15N labeled urea. Ambient15N was determined by the no surfactant and no urea treatment. Each treatment combination was replicated five times and the greenhouse experiment was repeated. Bermudagrass quality and density, leachate volume, and volumetric water content were determined over a 28d period following application. Determination of15N recovery in plant, soil, and leachate occurred at experiment termination.Results: Applying either surfactant with urea resulted in significantly higher soil volumetric water content (in sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils) and higher bermudagrass clipping yield (in all soils) than urea. Surfactants applied with urea decreased percent15N recovery in leachate from sand by 37–46%, increased percent15N recovery in the sandy loam by 37%, and increased percent utilization of15N by bermudagrass grown in the sandy clay loam by 61–67% compared to urea applied alone.Conclusion: Applying surfactants with urea can increase bermudagrass N uptake efficiency and reduce potential N leaching.
Automatic delineation of cardiac substructures using a region‐based fully convolutional network
Authors: Harms Joseph , Lei Yang , Tian Sibo , McCall Neal S. , Higgins Kristin A. , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2021

PurposeRadiation dose to specific cardiac substructures, such as the atria and ventricles, has been linked to post‐treatment toxicity and has shown to be more predictive of these toxicities than dose to the whole heart. A deep learning‐based algorithm for automatic generation of these contours is proposed to aid in either retrospective or prospective dosimetric studies to better understand the relationship between radiation dose and toxicities.MethodsThe proposed method uses a mask‐scoring regional convolutional neural network (RCNN) which consists of five major subnetworks: backbone, regional proposal network (RPN), RCNN head, mask head, and mask‐scoring head. Multiscale feature maps are learned from computed tomography (CT) via the backbone network. The RPN utilizes these feature maps to detect the location and region‐of‐interest (ROI) of all substructures, and the final three subnetworks work in series to extract structural information from these ROIs. The network is trained using 55 patient CT datasets, with 22 patients having contrast scans. Threefold cross validation (CV) is used for evaluation on 45 datasets, and a separate cohort of 10 patients are used for holdout evaluation. The proposed method is compared to a 3D UNet.ResultsThe proposed method produces contours that are qualitatively similar to the ground truth contours. Quantitatively, the proposed method achieved average Dice score coefficients (DSCs) for the whole heart, chambers, great vessels, coronary arteries, the valves of the heart of 0.96, 0.94, 0.93, 0.66, and 0.77 respectively, outperforming the 3D UNet, which achieved DSCs of 0.92, 0.87, 0.88, 0.48, and 0.59 for the corresponding substructure groups. Mean surface distances (MSDs) between substructures segmented by the proposed method and the ground truth were <2 mm except for the left anterior descending coronary artery and the mitral and tricuspid valves, and <5 mm for all substructures. When dividing results into noncontrast and contrast datasets, the model performed statistically significantly better in terms of DSC, MSD, centroid mean distance (CMD), and volume difference for the chambers and whole heart with contrast. Notably, the presence of contrast did not statistically significantly affect coronary artery segmentation DSC or MSD. After network training, all substructures and the whole heart can be segmented on new datasets in less than 5 s.ConclusionsA deep learning network was trained for automatic delineation of cardiac substructures based on CT alone. The proposed method can be used as a tool to investigate the relationship between cardiac substructure dose and treatment toxicities.
Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer and Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Alkrekshi Akram , Tamaskar Ila 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has not been studied in many cancers, as these patients were excluded from most ICI trials. This poses a degree of uncertainty when a patient with HCV is being considered for ICIs in the absence of data to inform potential adverse events (AEs).

Materials and Methods
This was a single-institution retrospective chart review of patients with active or resolved HCV who were treated with ICIs for cancer of any type and stage from January 2012 to December 2019, with emphasis on AE rates.

Results
We identified 40 patients, 30 men and 10 women. Median age was 64 years. Cancer types were non-small cell lung cancer (18; 45%), hepatocellular carcinoma (12; 30%), head and neck cancer (4; 10%), small cell lung cancer (3; 7.5%), renal cell carcinoma (1; 2.5%), colon cancer (1; 2.5%), and melanoma (12.5%). Hepatitis C was untreated in 17 patients (42.5%), treated in 14 (35%), and spontaneously resolved in 9 (22.5%). AEs observed were grade 3 pneumonitis in one patient (2.5%) on pembrolizumab; grade 3 colitis in one patient (2.5%) on nivolumab; hepatotoxicity in two patients (5%) on nivolumab: one patient with grade 1 and the other with grade 2; grade 1–2 fatigue in three patients (7.5%); and hypothyroidism in one patient (2.5%).

Conclusion
Adverse events rates in patients with untreated and resolved HCV treated with ICI for a variety of cancers were comparable with AEs rates reported in clinical trials for patients without HCV.

Implications for Practice
The safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with cancer with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major concern because of the lack of prospective safety data for most cancers. HCV is prevalent worldwide, and the occurrence of cancer where ICI is indicated is not uncommon. This study was a retrospective review of all patients with HCV who received ICI for a variety of cancers in the authors’ institution over 8 years, and the results are presented in this article. The results may help inform clinical decisions and the design of future clinical trials.
Recent Development in Liquid Metal Materials
Authors: He Jinfeng , Liang Shuting , Li Fengjiao , Yang Qiangbin , Huang Mengjun , He Yu , Fan Xiaona , Wu Meilin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLiquid metals (LM) have shown a very broad development prospect over the past decades. This review article focuses on the latest research dedicated to liquid metal materials and their applications in five significant areas: stretchable conductive composite, intelligent sensing electronic skin, catalysis, 3D printing material, and driving machines. The fabrication, specific properties and application of stretchable liquid metal‐polymer composites that can be used as self‐healing materials have been summarized. Liquid metal deposition printing technology, liquid phase 3D printing, suspension 3D printing technology, micro‐contact printing technology, and in vivo 3D printing molding technology have also been reviewed. Furthermore, the application of liquid metal catalyst in aldehyde reaction, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis have been discussed. We have shown that electricity, magnetism, sound, light and heat could stimulate the movement of liquid metal. Through this comprehensive overview of the latest research, the main practical application, development, and mechanism of liquid metal were summarized and described. The future development of liquid metal technology was prospected, thus providing a strong basic research support for the further development of LM materials and their applications.
Effect of silica nanoparticles on physical, mechanical, and wear properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Singh Tej , Gangil Brijesh , Ranakoti Lalit , Joshi Amit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHemp‐sisal natural fiber‐reinforced hybrid epoxy composites containing a varying proportion of silica nanoparticles (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) were manufactured and subsequently evaluated for physical, mechanical, and sliding wear properties. The density of the composite was found to increase, whereas void content was found to decrease with the increase of silica nanoparticles content. The composites containing 2 wt% silica nanoparticles exhibit maximum tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness, whereas the composite with 3 wt% silica nanoparticles showed the highest flexural strength. Dry sliding wear tests of the manufactured composites were carried out on a pin‐on‐disc machine under different sliding speeds, distances and applied loads at room temperature. Taguchi based L16 orthogonal array design was used to find the optimum combination of control factors resulting in higher wear resistance. The analysis reveals that the silica nanoparticles contribute the most towards wear performance with a contribution ratio of 32.61% and a combination of 2 wt% of silica nanoparticles, 10 N normal load, 1.5 m/s sliding speed and 500 m sliding distance resulted in higher wear resistance.
Risk assessment of insect pest expansion in alpine ecosystems under climate change
Authors: Wang Chun‐Jing , Wang Rong , Yu Chun‐Mei , Dang Xiao‐Peng , Sun Wan‐Gui , Li Qiang‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Ting , Wan Ji‐Zhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrowth in insect pest populations poses a significant threat to ecosystem functions and services, societal development, and food security in alpine regions under climate change. Risk assessments are important prioritization tools for pest management, which must be used to study insect pest expansion in alpine ecosystems under global warming. We used species distribution modeling to simulate the current and future distribution probabilities of 58 insect pest species in the Qinghai Province, China, based on a comprehensive field investigation. Subsequently, general linear modeling was used to explore the relationship between the distribution probability of these species and the damage caused by them. Finally, we assessed the ecological risk of insect pest expansion across different alpine ecosystems under climate change.RESULTSClimate change could increase the distribution probabilities of insect pest species across different alpine ecosystems. However, the presence of insect pest species may not correspond to the damage occurrence in alpine ecosystems based on percent leaf loss, amount of stunting, and seedling death of their host species. Significant positive relationships between distribution probability and damage occurrence were found for several of the examined insect pest species. Insect pest expansion is likely to increase extensively in alpine ecosystems under increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission scenarios.CONCLUSIONThe relationships between distribution probability and damage occurrence should be considered in species distribution modeling for risk assessment of insect pest expansion under climate change. Our study could improve the effectiveness of risk assessment of insect pest expansion under changing climate conditions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Amniotic membrane-mesenchymal stromal cells secreted factors and extracellular vesicle-miRNAs: Anti-inflammatory and regenerative features for musculoskeletal tissues
Authors: Ragni Enrico , Papait Andrea , Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Silini Antonietta Rosa , Colombini Alessandra , Viganò Marco , Libonati Francesca , Parolini Ornella , Girolamo Laura 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) are easily obtained in large quantities and free from ethical concerns. Promising therapeutic results for both hAMSCs and their secreted factors (secretome) were described by several in vitro and preclinical studies, often for treatment of orthopedic disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA) and tendinopathy. For clinical translation of the hAMSC secretome as cell-free therapy, a detailed characterization of hAMSC-secreted factors is mandatory. Herein, we tested the presence of 200 secreted factors and 754 miRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Thirty-seven cytokines/chemokines were identified at varying abundance, some of which involved in both chemotaxis and homeostasis of inflammatory cells and in positive remodeling of extracellular matrix, often damaged in tendinopathy and OA. We also found 336 EV-miRNAs, 51 of which accounted for more than 95% of the genetic message. A focused analysis based on miRNAs related to OA and tendinopathy showed that most abundant EV-miRNAs are teno- and chondro-protective, able to induce M2 macrophage polarization, inhibit inflammatory T cells, and promote Treg. Functional analysis on IL-1β treated tenocytes and chondrocytes resulted in downregulation of inflammation-associated genes. Overall, presence of key regulatory molecules and miRNAs explain the promising therapeutic results of hAMSCs and their secretome for treatment of musculoskeletal conditions and are a groundwork for similar studies in other pathologies. Furthermore, identified molecules will pave the way for future studies aimed at more sharply predicting disease-targeted clinical efficacy, as well as setting up potency and release assays to fingerprint clinical-grade batches of whole secretome or purified components.
Urea‐Promoted Metal‐Free Homolytic Alkynyl Substitution (HAS): Metal‐Free C−C Coupling of Alkynyl Bromides Formed In Situ from 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes
Authors: Morri Ashok K. , Thummala Yadagiri , Ghosh Subhash , Doddi Venkata R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerein, the unique method reports the efficacy of abundantly available urea for the generation of alkynyl radicals from 1‐bromoalkynes under metal‐free conditions. Urea as a sole reagent enabled the transformation of 1,1‐dirbomoalkenes or 1‐bromoalkynes to 1,3‐diynes via Homolytic Alkynyl Substitution (HAS). Urea further showed efficiency in synthesizing disubstituted alkyne via Sonogashira type cross‐coupling of 1,1‐dibromalkene/1‐bromoalkyne with aryl iodide. The Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) trap detected the existence of short‐lived alkynyl radical during the reaction. This method might be the first report with Homolytic Alkynyl Substitution under metal‐free conditions, whereas Homolytic Aromatic Substitution is well reported.
Visible‐Light‐Driven and Self‐Hydrogen‐Donated Nanofibers Enable Rapid‐Deployable Antimicrobial Bioprotection
Authors: Wu Fan , He Peiwen , Chang Xinyi , Jiao Wenling , Liu Lifang , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 has prompted a worldwide pandemic and poses a great threat to public safety and global economies. Most present personal protective equipment (PPE) used to intercept pathogenic microorganisms is deficient in biocidal properties. Herein, we present green nanofibers with effective antibacterial and antiviral activities that can provide sustainable bioprotection by continuously producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The superiority of the design is that the nanofibers can absorb and store visible light energy and maintain the activity under light or dark environment. Moreover, the nanofibers can uninterruptedly release ROS in the absence of an external hydrogen donor, acting as a biocide under all weather conditions. A facile spraying method is proposed to rapidly deploy the functional nanofibers to existing PPE, such as protective suits and masks. The modified PPE exhibit stable ROS production, excellent capacity for storing activity potential, long‐term durability, and high bactericidal (>99.9%) and viricidal (>99.999%) efficacies.