bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of parameter deviation on the closeness of the tibial limb and external fixator based on a novel collision detection algorithm
Authors: Li Guotong , Li Jianfeng , Zuo Shiping , Dong Mingjie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Ortho‐SUV frame (OSF) is a hexapod external fixator widely applied in orthopedics deformity correction. The possibility of collision between OSF's struts and the soft tissue is an essential but overlooked issue. To avoid the issue, a novel collision detection algorithm is established based on a cone‐cylinder model of the tibial limb‐strut interaction for detecting the closeness of the tibial limb and external fixator. The algorithm is constructed using the vector analysis based on the model of the minimum distance between the truncated cone generatrix and the cylinder axis. The motion simulation is performed on the overall alignment through the Solidworks‐motion module to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. Subsequently, the installation parameter deviations of the bone‐fixator system are described to investigate the influence of orientation and position deviation on the closeness of the tibial limb and external fixator through the numerical method. The investigation results show that the orientation deviationγ(around thez‐axis), the position deviationτ1andτ2(along thexandy‐axes, respectively) have greater sensitivity to closeness and the influence of multiple deviations on the closeness has the property of superposition. The proposed algorithm can assist clinicians to strictly design and appraise frame configurations prior to their application to avoid the collision between the external fixator and the limbs during the correction. It has great application significance in the development of computer‐aided correction software.
C/EBPδ drives key endocrine signals in the human amnion at parturition
Authors: Lu Jiang‐Wen , Wang Wang‐Sheng , Zhou Qiong , Ling Li‐Jun , Ying Hao , Sun Yun , Myatt Leslie , Sun Kang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmnion‐derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cortisol are key to labor onset. Identification of a common transcription factor driving the expression of both cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β‐HSD1), the key enzymes in their production, may hold the key to the treatment of pre‐term labor. Here, we have found that the CCAAT enhancer binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) is such a transcription factor which underlies the feed‐forward induction of COX‐2 and 11β‐HSD1 expression by their own products PGE2 and cortisol in human amnion fibroblasts so that their production would be ensured in the amnion for the onset of labor. Moreover, the abundance of C/EBPδ in the amnion increases along with COX‐2 and 11β‐HSD1 at term and further increases at parturition. Knockout of C/EBPδ in mice delays the onset of labor further supporting the concept. In conclusion, C/EBPδ pathway may be speculated to serve as a potential pharmaceutical target in the amnion for treatment of pre‐term labor.
Detectability of cannabinoids in the serum samples of cannabis users: Indicators of recent cannabis use? A follow‐up study
Authors: Krämer Michael , Schäper Martin , Dücker Kristina , Philipsen Alexandra , Losacker Moritz , Dreimüller Nadine , Engelmann Jan , Madea Burkhard , Hess Cornelius 
Published: June 2021

AbstractForensic toxicologists are frequently required to predict the time of last cannabis consumption. Several studies suggested the utility of minor cannabinoids as indicators of recent cannabis use. Because several factors influence blood cannabinoid concentrations, the interpretation of serum cannabinoid concentrations remains challenging. To assess the informative value of serum cannabinoid levels in cannabis users (in total N = 117 patients, including 56 patients who stated an exact time of last cannabis use within 24 h before blood sampling), the detectability of cannabinoids, namely, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐9‐THC), 11‐hydroxy‐delta‐9‐THC, 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐delta‐9‐THC, cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidivarin, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabigerol (CBG), cannabicyclol, delta‐8‐THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A, cannabichromenic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid, cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA), 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐THCV (THCVCOOH), and 11‐nor‐CBN‐9‐COOH, was investigated. Excluding CBDA and CBLA, all investigated cannabinoids were detected in at least one analyzed sample. The interval between cannabis consumption and sample collection (reported by the patients) was not correlated with cannabinoid concentrations. Minor cannabinoids tended to be more easily detected in samples obtained shortly after consumption. However, some samples tested positive for minor cannabinoids despite an interval of several hours or even days between consumption and sampling (according to patients' statements). For instance, CBC, CBG, THCVCOOH, CBD, and CBN in certain cases could be detected more than 24 h after the last consumption of cannabis. Thus, findings of minor cannabinoids should always be interpreted with caution.
Assessing evolutionary and developmental transcriptome dynamics in homologous cell types
Authors: Feregrino Christian , Tschopp Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring development, complex organ patterns emerge through the precise temporal and spatial specification of different cell types. On an evolutionary timescale, these patterns can change, resulting in morphological diversification. It is generally believed that homologous anatomical structures are built—largely—by homologous cell types. However, whether a common evolutionary origin of such cell types is always reflected in the conservation of their intrinsic transcriptional specification programs is less clear.ResultsHere, we developed a user‐friendly bioinformatics workflow to detect gene co‐expression modules and test for their conservation across developmental stages and species boundaries. Using a paradigm of morphological diversification, the tetrapod limb, and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data from two distantly related species, chicken and mouse, we assessed the transcriptional dynamics of homologous cell types during embryonic patterning. With mouse limb data as reference, we identified 19 gene co‐expression modules with varying tissue or cell type‐restricted activities. Testing for co‐expression conservation revealed modules with high evolutionary turnover, while others seemed maintained—to different degrees, in module make‐up, density or connectivity—over developmental and evolutionary timescales.ConclusionsWe present an approach to identify evolutionary and developmental dynamics in gene co‐expression modules during patterning‐relevant stages of homologous cell type specification using single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data.
Evidence of endozoochory in upland geese Chloephaga picta and white‐bellied seedsnipes Attagis malouinus in sub‐Antarctic Chile
Authors: Lázaro Xenabeth A. , Mackenzie Roy , Jiménez Jaime E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBirds are known to act as potential vectors for the exogenous dispersal of bryophyte diaspores. Given the totipotency of vegetative tissue of many bryophytes, birds could also contribute to endozoochorous bryophyte dispersal. Research has shown that fecal samples of the upland goose (Chloephaga picta) and white‐bellied seedsnipe (Attagis malouinus) contain bryophyte fragments. Although few fragments from bird feces have been known to regenerate, the evidence for the viability of diaspores following passage through the bird intestinal tract remains ambiguous. We evaluated the role of endozoochory in these same herbivorous and sympatric bird species in sub‐Antarctic Chile. We hypothesized that fragments of bryophyte gametophytes retrieved from their feces are viable and capable of regenerating new plant tissue. Eleven feces disk samples containing undetermined moss fragments from C. picta (N = 6) and A. malouinus (N = 5) and six moss fragment samples from wild‐collected mosses (Conostomum tetragonum, Syntrichia robusta, and Polytrichum strictum) were grown ex situ in peat soil and in vitro using a agar Gamborg medium. After 91 days, 20% of fragments from A. malouinus feces, 50% of fragments from C. picta feces, and 67% of propagules from wild mosses produced new growth. The fact that moss diaspores remained viable and can regenerate under experimental conditions following the passage through the intestinal tracts of these robust fliers and altitudinal and latitudinal migrants suggests that sub‐Antarctic birds might play a role in bryophyte dispersal. This relationship may have important implications in the way bryophytes disperse and colonize habitats facing climate change.
Small Heterocyclic D‐π‐D‐π‐A Push‐Pull Molecules with Complex Electron Donors
Authors: Kulhánek Jiří , Pytela Oldřich , Bureš Filip , Klikar Milan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA large series of small push‐pull chromophores based on electron‐withdrawing N,N'‐dibutylthiobarbituric acid has been designed and successfully synthesized. The electron donating part involves common mesomeric donors such as methoxy, N,N‐dimethylamino, N,N‐diphenylamino, and piperidin‐1‐yl groups. Five‐membered heteroaromatics, namely thiophene, N‐methylpyrrole, and furan have been employed as electron rich π‐linkers and auxiliary donors. Structural analogues bearing aromatic 1,4‐phenylene linker were also synthesized for comparison. Fundamental thermal and optoelectronic properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, and absorption spectroscopy. Thorough structure‐property relationships were elucidated, focusing mostly on type of the used π‐linker and donor. All experimental conclusions are corroborated by theoretical calculations. The study has shown that a complex donor moiety may be built by properly combining mesomeric and auxiliary donors. Whereas strong mesomeric donor (amino) suppresses the donating effect of auxiliary donors/π‐linkers, a combination of weak donor (methoxy) appended at a five‐membered heterocycle pronounces the donating ability of the latter.
Microhole‐voltammograms Controlled by Solution Reservoir at Cationic and Anionic Ion Exchange Membranes
Authors: Liu Ling , Aoki Koichi Jeremiah , Chen Jingyuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrohole‐voltammetry in which ions pass through a hole by electric migration exhibits rectified current‐voltage curves. The rectification ratio, being of the high conductance to the low one, seems to depend on properties of ion exchange membranes. Our experiments at a cationic and an anionic membrane showed that the ratios for both the membranes were similar in spite of large difference in ionic capacities. The ratio was controlled by geometry of the reservoir of the solution rather than hole geometry and properties of membranes. Our model was composed of resistances of the hole, the membranes and the reservoir in series.
Monitoring Imidazoline Derivatives via Functionalized Nano‐Potentiometric Platforms in Aqueous Humor and Dosage Forms
Authors: Elbalkiny Heba T. , S. Saleh Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe determination of two imidazoline derivatives [oxymetazoline HCl (OXY) and xylometazoline HCl (XYLO)] was described using different potentiometric platforms. The first electrode type was constructed using tetraphenyl borate (TPB) as anionic exchanger with β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CD) as ionophore forming oxymetazoline‐tetraphenyl borate (OXY‐TPB) and xylometazoline‐tetraphenyl borate (XYLO‐TPB), respectively. The second electrode type was prepared by modification of the first type by conjugation with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP) forming (OXY‐MNP) and (XYLO‐MNP). The synthesized electrodes were fully characterized. The effect of magnetic nano‐sized particles as a highly dispersible material with β‐CDs on the electrode characteristics was investigated and compared against the classical electrodes. The response time, working pH range and selectivity coefficients were studied. The functionalized nano‐electrodes (OXY‐MNP and (XYLO‐MNP) were found to be more sensitive than the classical electrodes with linearity ranges (1×10−6–1×10−2 M). The functionalized nano‐electrodes were successfully applied for the in‐line analysis of OXY and XYLO in pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked rabbit aqueous humor samples with no prior extraction of treatment. This suggests the future use of these electrodes in clinical studies of both drugs of interest.
Design of a digital‐PCR assay to quantify fragmented human mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Mosquera Alejandro , Guillén Rebeca , Otero Fátima , Rego‐Pérez Ignacio , Blanco Francisco J. , Fernández José Luis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDigital PCR (dPCR) has been adapted to quantify the proportion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules without and with double‐strand DNA breaks (DSBs). This is based on a break‐apart approach of two differentially labeled target sequences distantly located in the circular DNA molecule. When the two targets amplify in separated reaction partitions, the original mtDNA molecule should be fragmented by two DSBs at least, each in a different segment between targets. When both targets amplify in the same partition, it must correspond to a circular or linear mtDNA molecule. These two possibilities may be distinguished through a restriction endonuclease (RE) induced unique DSB within a DNA segment between the targets. After RE‐digestion, separation of both target signals in different partitions must indicate the presence of a previous linear mtDNA molecule. Otherwise, joint amplification in the same partition would correspond to an initial circular mtDNA that has been linearized by the endonuclease. The procedure was validated by assaying different proportions of mtDNA fragmented by in vitro digestion with REs, evidencing a perfect accordance between the expected theoretical values and dPCR quantification. Samples from peripheral blood cells, cellular and extracellular DNA from the U2OS cell line, as well as cells incubated with ethidium bromide to induce mtDNA depletion, were evaluated. The technique may be of interest to complement the studies of mtDNA in relation to aging and human disease, as well as to assess possible adverse effects of certain drugs that could be related to affectation of mtDNA.
Measuring Antimicrobial Use Needs Global Harmonization
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Mohsin Mashkoor , Sönksen Ute Wolff , Walsh Timothy Rutland , Kreienbrock Lothar , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlobal health and global economies are predicted to be severely affected by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The three organizations World Health Organization/World Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/OIE/FAO) are working in their domains to prevent any future AMR crisis. Antimicrobial use (AMU), especially in food animals, is contributing to the development and dissemination of AMR bacteria and genes. AMU monitoring is a strategic objective of the global and national action plans on AMR. However, the AMU reporting metrics at different levels are not harmonized yet, posing difficulties in comparisons among AMU data from different sources. A tripartite WHO/OIE/FAO collaboration is urgently required to develop and implement a globally accepted AMU metric system to ensure reliable comparisons among various data sets.
Fe‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cross‐Dehydrogenative Arylation (CDA), Efficient Synthesis of 1‐Arylnaphthalenes and 4‐Arylcoumarins
Authors: Diao Haiyan , Wang Changcheng , Zhang Zhen , Shi Zhangjie , Liu Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDirect cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of different inert C−H bonds is the most straightforward and environmentally benign method to construct C−C bonds. In this paper, we developed an iron‐catalyzed intramolecular cross‐dehydrogenative arylation (CDA) between benzylic C(sp3)H bond and aromatic C(sp2)H bond. From the readily available linear substrates, 1‐arylnaphthalenes and 4‐arylcoumarins can be quickly constructed with moderate to good yield (18 examples, up to 73 % yield) in one step. Both symmetrical and unsymmetrical substrates with different functional groups could tolerate this system well to form the anticipated products. A radical initiated dehydrogenative cyclization‐dehydrogenation tandem process was proposed.
Exponential heat source effects on the stagnation‐point heat transport of Williamson nanoliquid with nonlinear Boussinesq approximation
Authors: Mahanthesh B. , Mackolil Joby , Shehzad Sabir A. , Al‐Kouz Wael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe nonlinear two‐point partial differential boundary value problem associated with the nano‐pseudoplastic material flow and heat transport subject to nonlinear Boussinesq approximation is computed and explored statistically. Heat transportation features are analyzed by the consideration of an exponential space‐related heat source and the Buongiorno model of nanofluids. The boundary‐driven expressions of the physical phenomenon are coupled and highly complicated due to the consideration of nonlinear convection terms. Reasonable variables are employed to reform the partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential expressions and are solved numerically. Furthermore, correlation and regression techniques are employed for the statistical evaluation of the phenomenon. The probable error is implemented to calculate the reliability of the computed correlation factors. The exponential index and Schmidt number are positively correlated with the reduced skin friction coefficient whereas the other parameters are negatively correlated with it. The heat transfer rate is improved predominantly by the nonlinear thermal convection parameter. The temperature is enhanced by the intensification of the exponential‐based heat source factor. The temperature and concentration profiles are boosted by incrementing the Biot number values.
A modern network approach to revisiting the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) construct validity
Authors: Flores‐Kanter Pablo E. , Garrido Luis Eduardo , Moretti Luciana S. , Medrano Leonardo A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe factor structure of the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) is still a topic of debate. There are several reasons why using Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) for scale validation is advantageous and can help understand and resolve conflicting results in the factor analytic literature.ObjectiveThe main objective of the present study was to advance the knowledge regarding the factor structure underlying the PANAS scores by utilizing the different functionalities of the EGA method. EGA was used to (1) estimate the dimensionality of the PANAS scores, (2) establish the stability of the dimensionality estimate and of the item assignments into the dimensions, and (3) assess the impact of potential redundancies across item pairs on the dimensionality and structure of the PANAS scores.MethodThis assessment was carried out across two studies that included two large samples of participants.Results and ConclusionIn sum, the results are consistent with a two‐factor oblique structure.
The stigma system: How sociopolitical domination, scapegoating, and stigma shape public health
Authors: Friedman Samuel R. , Williams Leslie D. , Guarino Honoria , Mateu‐Gelabert Pedro , Krawczyk Noa , Hamilton Leah , Walters Suzan M. , Ezell Jerel M. , Khan Maria , Di Iorio Jorgelina , Yang Lawrence H. , Earnshaw Valerie A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStigma is a fundamental driver of adverse health outcomes. Although stigma is often studied at the individual level to focus on how stigma influences the mental and physical health of the stigmatized, considerable research has shown that stigma is multilevel and structural. This paper proposes a theoretical approach that synthesizes the literature on stigma with the literature on scapegoating and divide‐and‐rule as strategies that the wealthy and powerful use to maintain their power and wealth; the literatures on racial, gender, and other subordination; the literature on ideology and organization in sociopolitical systems; and the literature on resistance and rebellion against stigma, oppression and other forms of subordination. we develop a model of the “stigma system” as a dialectic of interacting and conflicting structures and processes. Understanding this system can help public health reorient stigma interventions to address the sources of stigma as well as the individual problems that stigma creates. On a broader level, this model can help those opposing stigma and its effects to develop alliances and strategies with which to oppose stigma and the processes that create it.
Oncogenic RAS drives the CRAF‐dependent extracellular vesicle uptake mechanism coupled with metastasis
Authors: Choi Dongsic , Montermini Laura , Meehan Brian , Lazaris Anthoula , Metrakos Peter , Rak Janusz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOncogenic RAS impacts communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment, but it is unclear how this process influences cellular interactions with extracellular vesicles (EVs). This is important as intercellular EV trafficking plays a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Here we report that overexpression of mutant RAS drives the EV internalization switch from endocytosis (in non‐transformed cells) to macropinocytosis (in cancer cells) resulting in enhanced EV uptake. This process depends on the surface proteoglycan, fibronectin and EV engulfment mechanism regulated by CRAF. Both mutant RAS and activated CRAF expression is associated with formation of membrane ruffles to which they colocalize along with actin, sodium‐hydrogen exchangers (NHEs) and phosphorylated myosin phosphatase (pMYPT). RAS‐transformed cells internalize EVs in the vicinity of ruffled structures followed by apparent trafficking to lysosome and degradation. NHE inhibitor (EIPA) suppresses RAS‐driven EV uptake, along with adhesion‐independent clonal growth and experimental metastasis in mice. Thus, EV uptake may represent a targetable step in progression of RAS‐driven cancers.
IZUMO family member 3, IZUMO3, is involved in male fertility through the acrosome formation
Authors: Inoue Naokazu , Satouh Yuhkoh , Wada Ikuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany factors are involved in acrosome biogenesis in order for appropriate acrosome formation to occur. Here, we demonstrate that IZUMO family member 3, IZUMO3, plays an important role in acrosome biogenesis, as proven by gene disruption experiments. A loss of IZUMO3 in round spermatids affects acrosomal granule positioning due to lack of acrosomal granule contact with the inner acrosomal membrane, leading to the formation of grossly malformed spermatozoa associated with male subfertility. Thus, we suggest that mammalian spermiogenesis needs an elaborate acrosome biogenesis through IZUMO3 involvement.