bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing multifunctional urban agroforestry with people in mind
Authors: Taylor John R. , Lovell Sarah Taylor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUrban landscapes combining trees and crops—urban agroforestry (UAF) systems—may offer greater ecological and cultural benefits than annual cropping systems. Interest in UAF is growing, as evidenced by an increasing number of built projects and articles in the popular press and the academic literature on the subject. However, the practice of UAF appears to far outpace research on its scientific underpinnings or its design. Developing sustainable, resilient UAF sites can be challenging because of biophysical and sociocultural conditions unique to the city; however, cities offer opportunities not found in rural environments including the potential to close open nutrient loops between consumers and sites of food production. We argue that these biophysical and sociocultural challenges and opportunities can be best addressed through an evidence‐based approach to the design of UAF systems and a complex ecological aesthetic design language integrating theory, principles, and practices from urban agroecology and allied fields, environmental psychology, and landscape architecture. The resulting multifunctional UAF systems would be socially sustainable and equitable and promote the circular metabolism of the city. Drawing on a purposive review of literature from these disciplines, we propose a preliminary framework consisting of 14 guidelines and complementary principles and strategies for the design of multifunctional, culturally preferred UAF and offer recommendations for future research.
Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography for detecting parametrial involvement in women with deep endometriosis: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guerriero S. , Martinez L. , Gomez I. , Pascual M. A. , Ajossa S. , Pagliuca M. , Alcázar J. L. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) for detecting parametrial deep endometriosis, using laparoscopy as the reference standard.MethodsA search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science for studies evaluating TVS for detecting parametrial involvement in women with suspected deep endometriosis, as compared with laparoscopy, from January 2000 to December 2020. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios for TVS in the detection of parametrial deep endometriosis were calculated, and the post‐test probability of parametrial deep endometriosis following a positive or negative test was determined.ResultsThe search identified 134 citations. Four studies, comprising 560 patients, were included in the analysis. The mean prevalence of parametrial deep endometriosis at surgery was 18%. Overall, the pooled estimated sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios of TVS in the detection of parametrial deep endometriosis were 31% (95% CI, 10–64%), 98% (95% CI, 95–99%), 18.5 (95% CI, 8.8–38.9) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.46–1.06), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 26 (95% CI, 10–68). Heterogeneity was high. Visualization of a lesion suspected to be parametrial deep endometriosis on TVS increased significantly the post‐test probability of parametrial deep endometriosis.ConclusionTVS has high specificity but low sensitivity for the detection of parametrial deep endometriosis. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Female White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Behavior During Pregnancy, Parturition, and Lactation in 2 Contrasting Ecoregions
Authors: Wright Chloe A. , McRoberts Jon T. , Rota Christopher T. , Wiskirchen Kevyn H. , Keller Barbara J. , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTLate gestation, parturition, and lactation are the most metabolically expensive periods for female ungulates, often requiring them to make trade‐offs between acquiring sufficient forage and reducing predation risk to neonates. Females alter movements and resource use depending on the stage of parturition; however, little is known about the influence of habitat type and fragmentation on parturition behavior. We evaluated how land use and habitat fragmentation affected white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) space use, movements, and resource selection before, during, and after parturition in the highly fragmented glaciated plains (GP) and the more‐contiguous forested Ozark (OZ) ecoregions of Missouri, USA. We captured 127 pregnant female deer from January–March 2015–2017 and fitted them with global positioning system radio‐collars. We examined weekly home range sizes, space use shifts, movement speeds, and resource selection. Females in both study areas maintained stable movement speeds until the week of parturition when crepuscular movement speeds decreased significantly. Home range sizes were ≥150% smaller during the week of parturition compared to the third week before parturition in both study areas. Females shifted their space use 144 m (95% confidence interval [CI] = 830–252 m) in the GP and 162 m (95% CI 103–256 m) in the OZ between the week before parturition and the week of parturition. Females in both study areas exhibited similar patterns of resource selection before, during, and after parturition. Females consistently selected for Conservation Reserve Program grasslands in the GP and deciduous forests in the OZ, which could provide suitable forage for the female and adequate cover for the neonate. The similarity in movements and resource selection surrounding parturition in both areas, despite marked differences in land use and levels of fragmentation, suggests that the physiological cues of pregnancy and lactation may have the greatest influence on maternal behavior. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
New migration and distribution patterns of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) around Nunavik (Québec, Canada) identified using Inuit Knowledge
Authors: Martinez-Levasseur Laura M. , Furgal Chris M. , Hammill Mike O. , Henri Dominique A. , Burness Gary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental changes are affecting the Arctic at an unprecedented rate, but limited scientific knowledge exists on their impacts on species such as walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). Inuit Traditional and Local Ecological Knowledge (Inuit TEK/LEK) held by Inuit walrus harvesters could shed light on walrus ecology and related environmental changes. Our main objective was to study spatial and temporal changes in Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) distribution in Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada) using Inuit TEK/LEK. To do so, we documented the knowledge and observations of 33 local hunters and Elders as part of a larger project on Atlantic walruses in Nunavik. We first gathered information on changes in Inuit land use patterns and harvesting practices through time and space, which was a crucial step to avoid potential biases in interpreting local observations on walrus distribution. We found that walrus hunters are now covering smaller hunting areas over shorter time periods, reducing in space and time their observations of Atlantic walruses around Nunavik. While clearly taking these limitations into account, we learned from interviews that some areas abandoned by Atlantic walruses in the past were now being re-occupied. Importantly, Atlantic walruses, which migrate following the melting ice, are now traveling along the eastern coast of Nunavik one month earlier, suggesting that Atlantic walrus migration has changed due to variations in sea-ice coverage around Nunavik. Our study not only highlighted important changes in Atlantic walrus distribution and migration in Nunavik, but also sheds light on the importance of documenting temporal and spatial changes in Inuit land use patterns and harvesting practices to understand the ecology of Arctic species using Inuit Knowledge.
Psychometric properties of the German-language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Brandt Florian , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Sklavounos Panagiotis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to translate the questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) into German and to assess its psychometric properties in German-speaking women with urinary incontinence (UI). The QUID contains two subscales to measure symptom severity of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and to distinguish between both forms.MethodsA total of 161 women with UI completed the QUID and the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), each in the German version. To examine construct validity Spearman’s correlation coefficients between both questionnaires were computed. Furthermore, the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of the QUID and its criterion validity were examined. Looking at criterion validity, sensitivity, specificity, ROC curves, and Youden-indexes were computed for both subscales.ResultsThe QUID showed good construct validity by strong correlations with related domains of the KHQ. Cronbach’s alpha values were good for both subscales of the QUID (SUI-subscale: 0.76; UUI-subscale: 0.86). Sensitivity and specificity were 83% (95% CI, 0.72–0.9) and 45% (95% CI, 0.25–0.67) for the SUI-subscale and 83% (95% CI, 0.7–0.91) and 56% (95% CI, 0.4–0.72) for the UUI-subscale. Youden-index was 0.28 for the SUI-subscale and 0.39 for the UUI-subscale at the given cut-off values.ConclusionPsychometric properties of the German-language QUID are principally good and support its use in the German-speaking area. However, the modest specificity when distinguishing between SUI and UUI should be taken into account.Trial registration number:DRKS00018777 (date of registration: 16-January-2020).
Computer-assisted photoreceptor assessment on Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis™ High Magnification Module™ images
Authors: Mulders Timo W. F. , Klevering B. Jeroen , Hoyng Carel B. , Theelen Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate reliability and repeatability of computer-assisted measurements of cone photoreceptor metrics on Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis™ High Magnification Module (HMM™) Automatic Real-time Tracking (ART™) images.

Methods
We analyzed HMM™ images in three separate study arms. Computer-assisted cone identification software was validated using an open-access adaptive optics (AO) dataset. We compared results of the first arm to data from AO and histology. We evaluated intersession repeatability of our computer-assisted cone analysis in the second arm. We assessed the capability of HMM™ to visualize cones in the presence of pathology in the third arm.

Results
We included 10 healthy subjects in the first arm of our study, 5 additional healthy participants in the second arm and 5 patients in the third arm. In total, we analyzed 225 regions of interest on HMM™ images. We were able to automatically identify cone photoreceptors and assess corresponding metrics at all eccentricities between 2 and 9° from the fovea. Cone density significantly declined with increasing eccentricity (p = 4.890E-26, Friedman test). With increasing eccentricity, we found a significant increase in intercell distance (p = 2.196E-25, Friedman test) and nearest neighbor distance (p = 1.997E-25, Friedman test). Cone hexagonality ranged between 71 and 85%. We found excellent automated intersession repeatability of cone density counts and spacing measurements. In pathology, we were also able to repeatedly visualize photoreceptors.

Conclusion
Computer-assisted cone photoreceptor analysis on Spectralis™ HMM™ images is feasible, and most cone metrics show excellent repeatability. HMM™ imaging may be useful for photoreceptor analysis as progression marker in outer retinal disease.
Characterizing temporal and spatial recruitment of systemically administered RPE65-programmed bone marrow-derived cells to the retina in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Francelin Carolina , Godoy Juliana , Qi Xiaoping , Silva Juliete A. F. , Grant Maria B. , Boulton Michael E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Previously, we reported that the intravenous injection of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) infected with lentivirus expressing the human RPE65 gene resulted in the programming of BMDC to promote visual recovery in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial and temporal recruitment of these programmed BMDC to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer.

Methods
C57BL/6J female mice received a subretinal injection of AAV1-SOD2 ribozyme to knock down (KD) superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and induce AMD-like pathology. BMDC were isolated from GFP+ mice and infected with a lentivirus expressing RPE65. One month after SOD2 KD, fifty thousand GFP+RPE65-BMDC were injected in the mouse tail vein. Animals were terminated at different time points up to 60 min following cell administration, and localization of GFP+ cells was determined by fluorescence microscopy of neural retina and RPE flat mounts and tissue sections.

Results
GFP+RPE65- BMDC were observed in SOD2 KD neural retina and RPE as early as 1 min following administration. With increasing time, the number of cells in the neural retina decreased, while those in the RPE increased. While the number of cells in peripheral and central retina remained similar at each time point, the number of BMDC recruited to the central RPE increased in a time-dependent manner up to a maximum by 60 min post administration. Immunohistochemistry of cross-sections of the RPE layer confirmed the incorporation of donor GFP+ BMDC into the RPE layer and that these GFP+ human RPE65 expressing cells co-localized with murine RPE65. No GFP+ cells were observed in the neural retina or RPE layer of normal uninjured control eyes.

Conclusions
Our study shows that systemically administered GFP+RPE65-BMDC can reach the retina within minutes and that the majority of these BMDC are recruited to the injured RPE layer by 60 min post injection.
Psychoneuroendocrinological effects of music therapy versus mindfulness in palliative care: results from the ‘Song of Life’ randomized controlled trial
Authors: Koehler Friederike , Kessler Jens , Stoffel Martin , Weber Martin , Bardenheuer Hubert J. , Ditzen Beate , Warth Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeAlthough research on psychosocial interventions in palliative care provided evidence for their effectiveness regarding patient-reported outcomes, few studies have examined their psychobiological effects yet. Therefore, the purpose of the present work as part of an overarching study was to investigate differential effects of music therapy versus mindfulness on subjective distress and both neuroendocrine and autonomic stress biomarkers.MethodsA total of 104 patients from two palliative care units were randomly assigned to three sessions of either music therapy or mindfulness. Before and after the second session (completed by 89 patients), participants rated their momentary distress and provided three saliva samples for cortisol and α-amylase analysis. Furthermore, photoplethysmography recordings were continuously assessed to calculate mean heart rate and heart rate variability. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling of all available data and sensitivity analysis with multiply imputed data.ResultsBetween 67 and 75% of the maximally available data points were included in the primary analyses of psychobiological outcomes. Results showed a significant time*treatment effect on distress (b =  − 0.83,p = .02) indicating a greater reduction in the music therapy group. No interaction effects were found in psychobiological outcomes (allp > .05), but multilevel models revealed a significant reduction in cortisol (b =  − 0.06,p = .01) and mean heart rate (b =  − 7.89,p = .05) over time following either intervention.ConclusionFindings suggest a beneficial effect music therapy on distress while no differential psychobiological treatment effects were found. Future studies should continue to investigate optimal stress biomarkers for psychosocial palliative care research.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS)—DRKS00015308 (date of registration: September 7, 2018)
Management of post-traumatic femoral defects with a monorail external fixator over an intramedullary nail
Authors: Lu Victor , Zhang James , Zhou Andrew , Krkovic Matija 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The management of limb-length discrepancy secondary to traumatic femoral bone loss poses a unique challenge for surgeons. The Ilizarov technique is popular, but is associated with long external fixator time and many complications. This retrospective study assessed outcomes of post-traumatic femoral defects managed by monorail external fixation over an intramedullary nail.

Methods
Eight patients were included from October 2015 to May 2019 with post-traumatic femoral defects that underwent treatment with monorail fixator-assisted intramedullary nailing. Primary outcome was time to bone union and bone results according to ASAMI classification. Secondary outcomes were lengthening index, consolidation time and index, external fixator index (EFI), time to partial weight bearing(PWB) and full weight bearing (FWB), and complications. Patient reported outcome measures including EQ-5D-5L, SF-36, Oxford knee scores (OKS), and Oxford hip scores (OHS) were recorded after recovery.

Results
Mean follow-up time was 227 weeks. Average bone defect size was 9.69 cm. Average consolidation time and index were 11.35 months and 1.24 months/cm, respectively. Mean lengthening and external fixator index were 20.2 days/cm and 23.88 days/cm, respectively. On average, patients achieved FWB and bone union 56.25 weeks and 68.83 weeks after bone transport initiation, respectively. Two patients had docking site non-union, five patients had pin site infections, and two patients had osteomyelitis. EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS scores were compared to UK population norms (p = 0.104, p = 0.238, respectively). Average OKS was 32.17 and OHS was 34.00.

Conclusion
Monorail external fixation over an intramedullary nail is an effective option for post-traumatic femoral defects, reducing external fixator time and returning patients’ quality of life to a level comparable with the normal population.
New evidence on the link between ethnic fractionalization and economic freedom
Authors: Marson Marta , Migheli Matteo , Saccone Donatella 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmong the determinants of economic freedom, the presence of different ethnic groups within a country has sometimes been explored by the empirical literature, without conclusive evidence on the sign of the relation, its drivers, and the conditions under which it holds. This paper offers new evidence by empirically modelling how ethnic fragmentation is related to economic freedom, as measured by the Economic Freedom Index and by each of its numerous areas, components and sub-components. The results provide insights on the components driving the effect and, interestingly, detect notable differences between developed and developing countries.
Raised by aliens: constant exposure to an invasive predator triggers morphological but not behavioural plasticity in a threatened species tadpoles
Authors: Melotto Andrea , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Pennati Roberta , Ancona Nicoletta , Manenti Raoul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring biotic invasions, native communities are abruptly exposed to novel and often severe selective pressures. The lack of common evolutionary history with invasive predators can hamper the expression of effective anti-predator responses in native prey, potentially accelerating population declines. Nonetheless, rapid adaptation and phenotypic plasticity may allow native species to cope with the new ecological pressures. We tested the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity is fostered when facing invasive species and evaluated whether plasticity offers a pool of variability that might help the fixation of adaptive phenotypes. We assessed behavioural and morphological trait variation in tadpoles of the Italian agile frog (Rana latastei) in response to the invasive crayfish predator,Procambarus clarkii, by rearing tadpoles under different predation-risk regimes: non-lethal crayfish presence and crayfish absence. After two-month rearing, crayfish-exposed tadpoles showed a plastic shift in their body shape and increased tail muscle size, while behavioural tests showed no effect of crayfish exposure on tadpole behaviour. Furthermore, multivariate analyses revealed weak divergence in morphology between invaded and uninvaded populations, while plasticity levels were similar between invaded and uninvaded populations. Even if tadpoles displayed multiple plastic responses to the novel predator, none of these shifts underwent fixation after crayfish arrival (10–15 years). Overall, these findings highlight that native prey can finely tune their responses to invasive predators through plasticity, but the adaptive value of these responses in whitstanding the novel selective pressures, and the long-term consequences they can entail remain to be ascertained.
Left ventricular dyssynchrony in long-term childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Pourier Milanthy S. , Dull Myrthe M. , Weijers Gert , Loonen Jacqueline , Bellersen Louise , de Korte Chris L. , Kapusta Livia , Mavinkurve-Groothuis Annelies M. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate left ventricular contraction patterns in asymptomatic Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE). Left ventricular longitudinal and circumferential myocardial parameters were assessed using 2DSTE, in asymptomatic CCS and age matched healthy controls. Time to peak (T2P) systolic strain was quantified. Dyssynchrony index (DI) was measured by calculating the standard deviation of T2P systolic strain of six segments in each view. Difference between T2P systolic longitudinal strain of septal and lateral wall was also assessed as a parameter for dyssynchrony. We included 115 CCS with a median age of 17.2 years (range 5.6–39.5) and a median follow up of 11.3 years (range 4.9–29.5) and 119 controls. Conventional echocardiographic parameters and global longitudinal strain were significantly decreased in CCS compared to controls (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Dyssynchrony index did not differ between CCS and controls. There was a clinically insignificant smaller absolute difference between T2P systolic longitudinal of septal and lateral wall in CCS compared to controls. We showed no difference in longitudinal or circumferential left ventricular dyssynchrony in CCS compared to controls using 2DSTE. Future research should focus on assessing dyssynchrony in more segments and a larger CCS population, using both 2D and 3DSTE.