bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation
Authors: Chen Bin , Barboza Beatriz Ramos , Sun Yanan , Bai Jie , Thomas Hywel R , Dutko Martin , Cottrell Mark , Li Chenfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlong with horizontal drilling techniques, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing has improved shale gas production significantly in past decades. In order to understand the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing and improve treatment designs, it is critical to conduct modelling to predict stimulated fractures. In this paper, related physical processes in hydraulic fracturing are firstly discussed and their effects on hydraulic fracturing processes are analysed. Then historical and state of the art numerical models for hydraulic fracturing are reviewed, to highlight the pros and cons of different numerical methods. Next, commercially available software for hydraulic fracturing design are discussed and key features are summarised. Finally, we draw conclusions from the previous discussions in relation to physics, method and applications and provide recommendations for further research.
Multidisciplinary consensus on the criteria for fertility preservation in cancer patients
Authors: Santaballa A. , Márquez-Vega C. , Rodríguez-Lescure Á. , Rovirosa Á. , Vázquez L. , Zeberio-Etxetxipia I. , Andrés M. , Bassas L. , Ceballos-Garcia E. , Domingo J. , Manau-Trullas D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInfertility is one of the main sequelae of cancer and its treatment in both children and adults of reproductive age. It is, therefore, essential that oncologists and haematologists provide adequate information about the risk of infertility and the possibilities for its preservation before starting treatment. Although many international clinical guidelines address this issue, this document is the first Spanish multidisciplinary guideline in paediatric and adult oncological patients. Experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Fertility Society, the Spanish Society of Haematology and Haemotherapy, the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology have collaborated to develop a multidisciplinary consensus.
Informing the design of a multisensory learning environment for elementary mathematics learning
Authors: Cuturi Luigi F. , Cappagli Giulia , Yiannoutsou Nikoleta , Price Sara , Gori Monica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is well known that primary school children may face difficulties in acquiring mathematical competence, possibly because teaching is generally based on formal lessons with little opportunity to exploit more multisensory-based activities within the classroom. To overcome such difficulties, we report here the exemplary design of a novel multisensory learning environment for teaching mathematical concepts based on meaningful inputs from elementary school teachers. First, we developed and administered a questionnaire to 101 teachers asking them to rate based on their experience the learning difficulty for specific arithmetical and geometrical concepts encountered by elementary school children. Additionally, the questionnaire investigated the feasibility to use multisensory information to teach mathematical concepts. Results show that challenging concepts differ depending on children school level, thus providing a guidance to improve teaching strategies and the design of new and emerging learning technologies accordingly. Second, we obtained specific and practical design inputs with workshops involving elementary school teachers and children. Altogether, these findings are used to inform the design of emerging multimodal technological applications, that take advantage not only of vision but also of other sensory modalities. In the present work, we describe in detail one exemplary multisensory environment design based on the questionnaire results and design ideas from the workshops: the Space Shapes game, which exploits visual and haptic/proprioceptive sensory information to support mental rotation, 2D–3D transformation and percentages. Corroborating research evidence in neuroscience and pedagogy, our work presents a functional approach to develop novel multimodal user interfaces to improve education in the classroom.
Social Robots for (Second) Language Learning in (Migrant) Primary School Children
Authors: Konijn Elly A. , Jansen Brechtje , Mondaca Bustos Victoria , Hobbelink Veerle L. N. F. , Preciado Vanegas Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEspecially these days, innovation and support from technology to relieve pressure in education is highly urgent. This study tested the potential advantage of a social robot over a tablet in (second) language learning on performance, engagement, and enjoyment. Shortages in primary education call for new technology solutions. Previous studies combined robots with tablets, to compensate for robot’s limitations, however, this study applied direct human–robot interaction. Primary school children (N = 63, aged 4–6) participated in a 3-wave field experiment with story-telling exercises, either with a semi-autonomous robot (without tablet, using WOz) or a tablet. Results showed increased learning gains over time when training with a social robot, compared to the tablet. Children who trained with a robot were more engaged in the story-telling task and enjoyed it more. Robot’s behavioral style (social or neutral) hardly differed overall, however, seems to vary for high versus low educational abilities. While social robots need sophistication before being implemented in schools, our study shows the potential of social robots as tutors in (second) language learning.
Asymptotic behavior of dependence measures for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model based on long memory processes
Authors: Gajda Janusz , Wyłomańska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the long memory property of two processes based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model. Their are extensions of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck system for which in the classic version we replace the standard Brownian motion (or other L$$\acute{e}$$

e
´

vy process) by long range dependent processes based on $$\alpha -$$

α
-

stable distribution. One way of characterizing long- and short-range dependence of second order processes is in terms of autocovariance function. However, for systems with infinite variance the classic measure is not defined, therefore there is a need to consider alternative measures on the basis of which the long range dependence can be recognized. In this paper, we study three alternative measures adequate for $$\alpha -$$

α
-

stable-based processes. We calculate them for examined processes and indicate their asymptotic behavior. We show that one of the analyzed Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process exhibits long memory property while the second does not. Moreover, we show the ratio of two introduced measures is limited which can be a starting point to introduction of a new estimation method of stability index for analyzed Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes.
Time series forecasting: problem of heavy-tailed distributed noise
Authors: Markiewicz Marta , Wyłomańska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTime series forecasting has been the area of intensive research for years. Statistical, machine learning or mixed approaches have been proposed to handle this one of the most challenging tasks. However, little research has been devoted to tackle the frequently appearing assumption of normality of given data. In our research, we aim to extend the time series forecasting models for heavy-tailed distribution of noise. In this paper, we focused on normal and Student’s t distributed time series. The SARIMAX model (with maximum likelihood approach) is compared with the regression tree-based method—random forest. The research covers not only forecasts but also prediction intervals, which often have hugely informative value as far as practical applications are concerned. Although our study is focused on the selected models, the presented problem is universal and the proposed approach can be discussed in the context of other systems.
The coalitional politics of the European Union’s environmental forest policy: Biodiversity conservation, timber legality, and climate protection
Authors: Sotirov Metodi , Winkel Georg , Eckerberg Katarina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEuropean forest policymaking is shaped by progressing European integration, yet with notable ideological divisions and diverging interests among countries. This paper focuses on the coalitional politics of key environmental forest issues: biodiversity conservation, timber legality, and climate protection policy. Combining the Advocacy Coalition Framework and the Shifting Coalition Theory, and informed by more than 186 key informant interviews and 73 policy documents spanning a 20-year timeframe, we examine the evolution of coalitional forest politics in Europe. We find that the basic line-up has remained stable: an environmental coalition supporting EU environmental forest policy integration and a forest sector coalition mostly opposing it. Still, strategic alliances across these coalitions have occurred for specific policy issues which have resulted in a gradual establishment of an EU environmental forest policy. We conclude with discussion of our findings and provide suggestions for further research.
Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of Li- and Mn-Rich Cathodes by a Three-in-One Strategy
Authors: He Wei , Ye Fangjun , Lin Jie , Wang Qian , Xie Qingshui , Pei Fei , Zhang Chenying , Liu Pengfei , Li Xiuwan , Wang Laisen , Qu Baihua , Peng Dong-Liang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are plenty of issues need to be solved before the practical application of Li- and Mn-rich cathodes, including the detrimental voltage decay and mediocre rate capability, etc. Element doping can effectively solve the above problems, but cause the loss of capacity. The introduction of appropriate defects can compensate the capacity loss; however, it will lead to structural mismatch and stress accumulation. Herein, a three-in-one method that combines cation–polyanion co-doping, defect construction, and stress engineering is proposed. The co-doped Na+/SO42− can stabilize the layer framework and enhance the capacity and voltage stability. The induced defects would activate more reaction sites and promote the electrochemical performance. Meanwhile, the unique alternately distributed defect bands and crystal bands structure can alleviate the stress accumulation caused by changes of cell parameters upon cycling. Consequently, the modified sample retains a capacity of 273 mAh g−1 with a high-capacity retention of 94.1% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, and 152 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 C, the corresponding voltage attenuation is less than 0.907 mV per cycle.
Universal scaling of human flow remain unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shida Yohei , Takayasu Hideki , Havlin Shlomo , Takayasu Misako 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments in various countries have severely restricted the movement of people. The large amount of detailed human location data obtained from mobile phone users is useful for understanding the change of flow patterns of people under the effect of pandemic. In this paper, we observe the synchronized human flow during the COVID-19 pandemic using Global Positioning System data of about 1 million people obtained from mobile phone users. We apply the drainage basin analysis method which we introduced earlier for characterization of macroscopic human flow patterns to observe the effect of the spreading pandemic. Before the pandemic the afternoon basin size distribution has been approximated by an exponential distribution, however, the distribution of Tokyo and Sapporo, which were most affected by the first wave of COVID-19, deviated significantly from the exponential distribution. On the other hand, during the morning rush hour, the scaling law holds universally, i.e., in all cities, even though the number of moving people in the basin has decreased significantly. The fact that these scaling laws, which are closely related to the three-dimensionality structure of the city and the fractal structure of the transportation network, have not changed indicates that the macroscopic human flow features are determined mainly by the means of transport and the basic structure of cities which are invariant of the pandemic.
Further developments of a multi-phase transport model for relativistic nuclear collisions
Authors: Lin Zi-Wei , Zheng Liang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA multi-phase transport (AMPT) model was constructed as a self-contained kinetic theory-based description of relativistic nuclear collisions as it contains four main components: the fluctuating initial condition, a parton cascade, hadronization, and a hadron cascade. Here, we review the main developments after the first public release of the AMPT source code in 2004 and the corresponding publication that described the physics details of the model at that time. We also discuss possible directions for future developments of the AMPT model to better study the properties of the dense matter created in relativistic collisions of small or large systems.
Die Kuomintang und der Buddhismus in der Republik China (1912–1949): Zwischen Volkspartei und weltanschaulichen Parteiungen
Authors: Ellguth Richard 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie politische und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung der Republik China (1912–1949) ist untrennbar verbunden mit der Geschichte der „Nationalen Volkspartei Chinas“ (KMT bzw. Kuomintang). Die KMT definierte sich, trotz prominenter christlicher und anderer religiöser Mitglieder, stets als säkulare Bewegung und setzte es sich zum Ziel, ein auf Wissenschaft und Rationalität ausgerichtetes „neues China“ zu schaffen. Besonders in den Jahren 1927–1937 kam es somit zu umfangreichen Kampagnen gegen Aberglauben, von denen auch die buddhistische Gemeinschaft betroffen war.Die Diskurspositionen innerhalb der Kuomintang zur Frage, welche Rolle dem Buddhismus beim nationalen Aufbau zugedacht werden soll, sind jedoch wesentlich differenzierter. Dies soll anhand zweier bedeutender Theoretiker der KMT, Wu Zhihui (1865–1953) und Dai Jitao (1891–1949), analysiert werden. Sie beide eint ihre Zugehörigkeit zum sogenannten „rechten Flügel“ der Partei, welcher sich gegen eine Zusammenarbeit mit der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas engagierte. Auf intellektuell-weltanschaulicher Ebene waren beide Vertreter aber höchst unterschiedlich: Wu Zhihui gilt allgemein als stark vom Szientismus geprägter, religionskritischer Gelehrter, wohingegen Dai Jitao in seinen späteren Lebensjahren eine starke Affinität zum Buddhismus zeigte. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen ideologischen Akzentsetzung lassen sich beide spezifischen Parteiungen innerhalb des rechten Parteiflügels zuordnen. Insgesamt vertritt dieser Artikel die These, dass sich die KMT mit dem Begriff der „Volkspartei“ beschreiben lässt, welche die Existenz verschiedener, weltanschaulicher Parteiungen durchaus toleriert hat, solange sich diese an die Vorgaben über „anerkannte Religion(en)“ hielten.Diese Vorgänge sind nur zu verstehen in Hinblick auf die komplexen Transfer- und Adaptionsprozesse von Strukturen der westlichen Moderne. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Genese von politischen Institutionen, aber auch die konzeptuelle Ausdeutung von Neologismen wie „Religion“, „Aberglauben“, „Wissenschaft“ und „Partei“.
The Law of Armed Conflict
Authors: Solis Gary D. 
Published: October 2021

Newly revised and updated, The Law of Armed Conflict, introduces students to the law of war in an age of terrorism. What law of armed conflict (LOAC) or its civilian counterpart, international humanitarian law (IHL), applies in a particular armed conflict? Are terrorists bound by that law? What constitutes a war crime? What (or who) is a lawful target and how are targeting decisions made? What are 'rules of engagement' and who formulates them? How can an autonomous weapon system be bound by the law of armed conflict? Why were the Guantánamo military commissions a failure? Featuring new chapters, this book takes students through these topics and more, employing real-world examples and legal opinions from the US and abroad. From Nuremberg to 9/11, from courts-martial to the US Supreme Court, from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first, the law of war is explained, interpreted, and applied with clarity and depth.
The Global Evolution of Foreign Relations Law
Authors: Cope Kevin L. , Verdier Pierre-Hugues , Versteeg Mila 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe constitutional rules that govern how states engage with international law have profound implications for foreign affairs, yet we lack comprehensive data on the choices countries make and their motivations. We draw on an original dataset that covers 108 countries over a nearly two-hundred-year period to map countries’ foreign relations law choices and trace their evolution. We find that legal origins and colonial legacies continue to account for most foreign relations law choices. A small number of models emerged in the nineteenth and early twentieth century in Western Europe, subsequently spread through colonial channels, and usually survived decolonization. Departures from received models are rare and usually associated with major political shifts. Prominent political science accounts that emphasize how states design their foreign relations law strategically to enhance their international credibility or entrench democracy or human rights appear to have limited explanatory power over the bulk of foreign relations law today.
Exploring barriers for the use of FEA-based variation simulation in industrial development practice
Authors: Nerenst Tim Brix , Ebro Martin , Nielsen Morten , Eifler Tobias , Nielsen Kim Lau 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Over the last decades, finite element analysis (FEA) has become a standard tool in industrial product development, allowing for virtual analysis of designs, quick turnaround times and prompt implementation of results. Although academic research also provides numerous approaches for evaluating a product’s robustness towards geometrical, material and load variations based on FEA analyses, this, however, stands in striking contrast to the limited use of these FEA-based variation simulations in industry. In order to bridge the existing gap between academic research and industrial application, this paper explores the barriers that limit the adoption of FEA-based variation simulation. The investigation is based on interviews with five lead engineers, followed by a case study that details the underlying technical challenges and allows for some initial suggestions for future solutions. The case study involves a sterile canister with seven geometrical variables. The design objective is to ensure sufficient sealing within the range of expected probabilistic variation. The combined study details the identified main barriers for a wider application, that is, the lack of robust CAD, practical guidelines to select an efficient design of experiments for design purposes, and the complexity of the automated processes. From a technical perspective, the case study results in estimations for main and interaction effects, an accurate metamodel and Monte Carlo simulations of 100,000 samples providing the design engineer with more detailed and actionable insights on the performance of the product compared with the traditional nominal or best/worst case simulations.
Factors Influencing Teacher Efficacy in Inclusive Education
Authors: Baş Gökhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present research attempted to examine the relative importance of student-related and school-related factors in accounting for teacher efficacy in inclusive education. The research adopted a predictive research design, and the sample of the research consisted of teachers (N = 292) working in public middle schools in the province of Niğde in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. To determine the factors influencing teacher efficacy in inclusive education, Teacher Demographic Information Questionnaire and Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices scale were used. In the research, multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine how well each set of independent variables — student-related factors and school-related factors — predicted teacher efficacy in inclusive education. According to the findings, student-related and school-related factors significantly influence teacher efficacy in inclusive education. Regarding the student-related factors, parental involvement, among other variables, was the most substantial predictor of teacher efficacy in inclusive education. Also, in terms of school-related factors, class size was the most substantial predictor of teacher efficacy in inclusive education.
R.A. Fisher, eugenics, and the campaign for family allowances in interwar Britain
Authors: Aylward Alex 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRonald Aylmer Fisher (1890–1962) is today remembered as a giant of twentieth-century statistics, genetics and evolutionary theory. Alongside his influential scientific contributions, he was also, throughout the interwar years, a prominent figure within Britain's eugenics movement. This essay provides a close examination of his eugenical ideas and activities, focusing particularly upon his energetic advocacy of family allowances, which he hoped would boost eugenic births within the more ‘desirable’ middle and upper classes. Fisher's proposals, which were grounded in his distinctive explanation for the decay of civilizations throughout human history, enjoyed support from some influential figures in Britain's Eugenics Society and beyond. The ultimate failure of his campaign, though, highlights tensions both between the eugenics and family allowances movements, and within the eugenics movement itself. I show how these social and political movements represented a crucial but heretofore overlooked context for the reception of Fisher's evolutionary masterwork of 1930, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, with its notorious closing chapters on the causes and cures of national and racial decline.
Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat: a novel predictor for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Feng Yifei , Yang Xingjin , Li Yang , Wu Yuying , Han Minghui , Qie Ranran , Huang Shengbing , Wu Xiaoyan , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Jinli , Hu Huifang , Yuan Lijun , Li Tianze , Liu Dechen , Hu Fulan , Zhang Ming , Zeng Yunhong , Luo Xinping , Lu Jie , Sun Liang , Hu Dongsheng , Zhao Yang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo investigate the association between the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare the predictive value of the METS-VF for T2DM incidence with other obesity indices in Chinese people. A total of 12 237 non-T2DM participants aged over 18 years from the Rural Chinese Cohort Study of 2007–2008 were included at baseline and followed up during 2013–2014. The cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for the association between baseline METS-VF and T2DM risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the association between METS-VF and T2DM risk. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis was used to evaluate the ability of METS-VF to predict T2DM incidence. During a median follow-up of 6·01 (95 % CI 5·09, 6·06) years, 837 cases developed T2DM. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the adjusted HR for the highest v. lowest METS-VF quartile was 5·97 (95 % CI 4·28, 8·32), with a per 1-sd increase in METS-VF positively associated with T2DM risk. Positive associations were also found in the sensitivity and subgroup analyses, respectively. A significant nonlinear dose–response association was observed between METS-VF and T2DM risk for all participants (Pnonlinearity = 0·0347). Finally, the AUC value of METS-VF for predicting T2DM was largest among six indices. The METS-VF may be a reliable and applicable predictor of T2DM incidence in Chinese people regardless of sex, age or BMI.