bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature cardiac beats in children with structurally normal heart: autonomic dysregulation
Authors: Azak Emine , Cetin Ibrahim Ilker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular contractions and supraventricular contractions are common rhythm disorders requiring comprehensive investigation in children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) in premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and supraventricular contractions (PSVCs) in children.MethodsThe study compared the characteristics of HRV in 175 children with PVCs and 160 children with PSVCs who underwent 24‐h Holter monitoring, with 101 healthy children.ResultsSignificant differences were found between standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of average RR intervals in all 5 min segments of registration (SDANN), root mean square of the successive differences (rMSSD), and the proportion of NN50 divided by total number of NNs (pNN50) values of the patient and control groups. The PVCs group had a significantly lower high frequency (HF) and higher low frequency (LF)/HF ratio and the PSVCs group had a significantly higher LF and higher LF/HF ratio compared to the control group. No significant correlation existed between frequency and the SDNN index, rMSSD, and pNN50 values of the PVCs group. The receiver operating characteristics analysis showed a significantly changed LF/HF ratio when premature contractions exceeded 60 beats per hour in children with PVCs.ConclusionsThis study indicated an increased sympathetic tone and a significantly decreased vagal tone in children with PVCs and PSVCs. HRV can be used increasingly as a non‐invasive method in the follow‐up of children with premature cardiac contractions.
Ready to change? Predicting adolescents'help‐seekingfor relationship concerns
Authors: Kanter Jeremy B. , Lannin Daniel G. , Russell Luke T. , Yazedjian Ani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough therapy, relationship education, and online relationship resources may help alleviate relational distress, many adolescents and adults eschew help. Deciding to seek help for relationship concerns involves mental processes that reflect behavioral intentions and information‐seeking behaviors. The present paper examines the prevalence of adolescents' (N = 183) intentions and behaviors to seek relationship help, and investigates determinants of such decisions. Results indicate that only readiness to change was consistently associated with help‐seeking decisions. In contrast, other factors varied, with relationship status associated only with future intentions, and family difficulties associated only with behaviors to seek relational assistance. Programs may benefit from considering methods of disseminating information and encouraging adolescents to reflect upon reasons for considering making changes.
Ocean‐depth measurement using shallow‐water wave models
Authors: Vasan V. , Manisha  , Auroux D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a problem inspired by the real‐world need to identify the topographical features of ocean basins. Specifically, we consider the problem of estimating the bottom impermeable boundary to an inviscid, incompressible, irrotational fluid from measurements of the free‐surface deviation alone, within the context of dispersive shallow‐water wave models. The need to consider the shallow‐water regime arises from the ill‐posed nature of the problem and is motivated by prior work. Assuming only a relatively inaccurate initial guess for the bottom‐boundary, we design an algorithm to accurately deduce the fluid velocities and the true bottom‐boundary profile. We achieve this by considering two separate inverse problems: one to deduce the bottom‐boundary from velocities and the surface deviation, and another to recover the velocities from the surface deviation and an approximate bottom‐boundary. The former is a classic inverse problem that requires the inversion of an ill‐conditioned matrix, whereas the latter employs the observer framework. Combining the two inverse problems leads to our reconstruction algorithm. We emphasize the role played by model selection and its impact on algorithm design and the accuracy of the reconstruction.
Spatial variability of surface peat properties and carbon emissions in a tropical peatland oil palm monoculture during a dry season
Authors: Dhandapani Selva , Girkin Nicholas T. , Evers Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe expansion of oil palm monocultures into globally important Southeast Asian tropical peatlands has caused severe environmental damage. Despite much of the current focus of environmental impacts being directed at industrial scale plantations, over half of oil palm land‐use cover in Southeast Asia is from smallholder plantations. We differentiated a first generation smallholder oil palm monoculture into 8 different sampling zones, and further divided the 8 sampling zones into oil palm root influenced (Proximal) and reduced root influence (Distal) areas, to assess how peat properties regulate in situ carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes. We found that all the physico‐chemical properties and nutrient concentrations except sulphur varied significantly among sampling zones. All physico‐chemical properties except electrical conductivity, and all nutrient content except nitrogen and potassium varied significantly between Proximal and Distal areas. Mean CO2 fluxes (ranged between 382 and 1191 mg m−2 h−1) varied significantly among sampling zones, and between Proximal and Distal areas, with notably high emissions in Dead Wood and Path zones, and consistently higher emissions in Proximal areas compared to Distal areas within almost all the zones. CH4 fluxes (ranged between −32 and 243 µg m−2 h−1) did not significantly vary between Proximal and Distal areas, however significantly varied amongst sampling zones. CH4 flux was notably high in Canal Edge and Understorey Ferns zones, and negative in Dead Wood zone. The results demonstrate the high heterogeneity of peat properties within oil palm monoculture, strengthening the need for intensive sampling to characterize a land use in the tropical peatlands.
How do I transfer liquid nitrogen freezers to a new home safely?
Authors: Reich‐Slotky Ronit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur cell processing facility was planning to transfer more than 20 Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) freezers to a new location. Moving LN2 freezers is a complex task that can pose potential risk to the storage units' integrity as well as to the products that they hold. Careful planning is required, especially when moving multiple freezer units at once.MethodsTo achieve the task, we put together a detailed project plan, collaborated with all the involved partners, hired qualified professionals to perform the project‐specific tasks, and put together a detailed risk assessment and risk mitigation plan.ResultsA facility was chosen and prepared according the project plan and safety department recommendations. Risk mitigation strategies were developed and implemented, and all freezers were transfered uneventfully to a new location.ConclusionsBy performing detailed planning and engaging the appropriate partners, LN2 freezers can be successfully transferred to a new home.
Diabetic wound healing: The impact of diabetes on myofibroblast activity and its potential therapeutic treatments
Authors: Wan Rou , Weissman Joshua P. , Grundman Kendra , Lang Lin , Grybowski Damian J. , Galiano Robert D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiabetes is a systemic disease in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar, namely glucose, in the blood. High glucose toxicity has been implicated in the dysfunction of diabetic wound healing, following insufficient production (Type 1) or inadequate usage (Type 2) of insulin. Chronic non‐healing diabetic wounds are one of the major complications of both types of diabetes, which are serious concerns for public health and can impact the life quality of patients significantly. In general, diabetic wounds are characterized by deficient chemokine production, an unusual inflammatory response, lack of angiogenesis and epithelialization, and dysfunction of fibroblasts. Increasing scientific evidence from available experimental studies on animal and cell models strongly associates impaired wound healing in diabetes with dysregulated fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts, interrupted myofibroblast activity, and inadequate extracellular matrix production. Myofibroblasts play an important role in tissue repair by producing and organizing extracellular matrix and subsequently promoting wound contraction. Based on these studies, hyperglycaemic conditions can interfere with cytokine signalling pathways (such as growth factor‐β pathway) affecting fibroblast differentiation, alter fibroblast apoptosis, dysregulate dermal lipolysis, and enhance hypoxia damage, thus leading to damaged microenvironment for myofibroblast formation, inappropriate extracellular matrix modulation, and weakened wound contraction. In this review, we will focus on the current available studies on the impact of diabetes on fibroblast differentiation and myofibroblast function, as well as potential treatments related to the affected pathways.
Neuropatía diabética y su asociación con síntomas ansiosos
Authors: Botero-Rodríguez Felipe , Cruz-Ramírez Viviana , Cote Damaris , Cespedes Kristiel , Smith Stephanie , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos 
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La neuropatía diabética (ND) es una complicación microvascular de la Diabetes Mellitus. Se caracteriza por afectación en los nervios que produce un dolor tipo corrientazo, quemadura o punzada. Este dolor neuropático se ha asociado a alto riesgo de ansiedad en los pacientes que la padecen, generando así una carga económica mayor en pacientes con ND sintomática. Objetivo: Describir la información actual en la literatura sobre la relación entre la neuropatía diabética sintomática y el riesgo de trastorno de ansiedad concomitante. Métodos: Búsqueda en paralelo por cuatro revisores en las bases de datos Ovid, Pubmed, SciELO y Cochrane. Resultados: De los 1140 artículos encontrados, 56 artículos fueron evaluados en texto completo. Se encontró una prevalencia variada de síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en pacientes con ND sintomática, evaluados mediante diferentes cuestionarios y escalas. Algunos estudios encontraron asociación entre ansiedad, trastornos del sueño e inadecuado control glucémico. Se han reportado como factores de buen pronóstico la educación temprana y el manejo de dolor neuropático, siendo estos últimos los determinantes de la calidad de vida y la productividad en pacientes con ND sintomática. Comentario: La relación entre neuropatía diabética y trastorno de ansiedad puede ser bidireccional. Dados estos hallazgos, y su posible impacto individual y en salud pública, se plantean oportunidades para llenar las brechas de prevención primaria, diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento en esta población, las cuales deberán definirse en futuras investigaciones.
Detection of Loss Zones While Drilling Using Different Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Alsaihati Ahmed , Abughaban Mahmoud , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fluid loss into formations is a common operational issue that is frequently encountered when drilling across naturally or induced fractured formations. This could pose significant operational risks, such as well-control, stuck pipe, and wellbore instability, which, in turn, lead to an increase of well time and cost. This research aims to use and evaluate different machine learning (ML) techniques, namely, support vector machines (SVMs), random forests, and K-nearest neighbors (K-NN) in detecting loss circulation occurrences while drilling using solely drilling surface parameters. Actual field data of seven wells, which had suffered partial or severe loss circulation, were used to build predictive models, while Well-8 was used to compare the performance of the developed models. Different performance metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the developed models. Recall, precision, and F1-score measures were used to evaluate the ability of the developed model to detect loss circulation occurrences. The results showed the K-nearest neighbors classifier achieved a high F1-score of 0.912 in detecting loss circulation occurrence in the testing set, while the random forests was the second-best classifier with almost the same F1-score of 0.910. The support vector machines achieved an F1-score of 0.83 in predicting the loss circulation occurrence in the testing set. The K-nearest neighbors outperformed other models in detecting the loss circulation occurrences in Well-8 with an F1-score of 0.80. The main contribution of this research as compared with previous studies is that it identifies losses events based on real-time measurements of the active pit volume (APV).
Delivering tertiary tuberculosis care virtually
Authors: Turnbull Louise , Bell Christine , Davies Stefanie , Child Fran 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a virtual multidisciplinary team (MDT) review panel in reducing travel for children with a rare disease (tuberculosis (TB)) without compromising clinical outcomes.DesignRetrospective review of patients discussed in a virtual MDT panel. Independent pre-intervention and post-intervention data from Public Health England.SettingPaediatric departments across North West England.PatientsChildren aged <16 years with suspected TB infection/disease.InterventionWeekly, virtual MDT discussion between district paediatricians and a tertiary TB team.Main outcome measureCare closer to home, time from presentation to treatment.Results45% (37 of 82) children received care closer to home. Median time from presentation to treatment reduced by 28% (from 18 to 13 days). 21% more children were diagnosed before developing symptoms (76% of children presented with symptoms pre-intervention, 55% post-intervention). 5 children incorrectly labelled with latent TB infection were treated for TB disease.ConclusionsA clinical network supported by virtual MDT reviews can improve treatment for children with rare diseases while providing care close to home.
Shock Index in the early assessment of febrile children at the emergency department: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Hagedoorn Nienke N , Zachariasse Joany M , Borensztajn Dorine , Adriaansens Elise , von Both Ulrich , Carrol Enitan D , Eleftheriou Irini , Emonts Marieke , van der Flier Michiel , de Groot Ronald , Herberg Jethro Adam , Kohlmaier Benno , Lim Emma , Maconochie Ian , Martinón-Torres Federico , Nijman Ruud Gerard , Pokorn Marko , Rivero-Calle Irene , Tsolia Maria , Zavadska Dace , Zenz Werner , Levin Michael , Vermont Clementien , Moll Henriette A 
Published: June 2021

Objective(1) To derive reference values for the Shock Index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) based on a large emergency department (ED) population of febrile children and (2) to determine the diagnostic value of the Shock Index for serious illness in febrile children.Design/settingObservational study in 11 European EDs (2017–2018).PatientsFebrile children with measured blood pressure.Main outcome measuresSerious bacterial infection (SBI), invasive bacterial infection (IBI), immediate life-saving interventions (ILSIs) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The association between high Shock Index (>95th centile) and each outcome was determined by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, referral, comorbidity and temperature. Additionally, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and negative/positive likelihood ratios (LRs).ResultsOf 5622 children, 461 (8.2%) had SBI, 46 (0.8%) had IBI, 203 (3.6%) were treated with ILSI and 69 (1.2%) were ICU admitted. High Shock Index was associated with SBI (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.6 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.9)), ILSI (aOR 2.5 (95% CI 2.0 to 2.9)), ICU admission (aOR 2.2 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.9)) but not with IBI (aOR: 1.5 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.4)). For the different outcomes, sensitivity for high Shock Index ranged from 0.10 to 0.15, specificity ranged from 0.95 to 0.95, negative LRs ranged from 0.90 to 0.95 and positive LRs ranged from 1.8 to 2.8.ConclusionsHigh Shock Index is associated with serious illness in febrile children. However, its rule-out value is insufficient which suggests that the Shock Index is not valuable as a screening tool for all febrile children at the ED.
Identification of knowledge translation theories, models or frameworks suitable for health technology reassessment: a survey of international experts
Authors: Esmail Rosmin , Hanson Heather M , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Niven Daniel J , Clement Fiona M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveHealth technology reassessment (HTR) is a field focused on managing a technology throughout its life cycle for optimal use. The process results in one of four possible recommendations: increase use, decrease use, no change or complete withdrawal of the technology. However, implementation of these recommendations has been challenging. This paper explores knowledge translation (KT) theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) and their suitability for implementation of HTR recommendations.DesignCross-sectional survey.ParticipantsPurposeful sampling of international KT and HTR experts was administered between January and March 2019.MethodsSixteen full-spectrum KT TMFs were rated by the experts as ‘yes’, ‘partially yes’ or ‘no’ on six criteria: familiarity, logical consistency/plausibility, degree of specificity, accessibility, ease of use and HTR suitability. Consensus was determined as a rating of ≥70% responding ‘yes’. Descriptive statistics and manifest content analysis were conducted on open-ended comments.ResultsEleven HTR and 11 KT experts from Canada, USA, UK, Australia, Germany, Spain, Italy and Sweden participated. Of the 16 KT TMFs, none received ≥70% rating. When ratings of ‘yes’ and ‘partially yes’ were combined, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was considered the most suitable KT TMF by both KT and HTR experts (86%). One additional KT TMF was selected by KT experts: Knowledge to Action framework. HTR experts selected two additional KT TMFs: Co-KT framework and Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle. Experts identified three key characteristics of a KT TMF that may be important to consider: practicality, guidance on implementation and KT TMF adaptability.ConclusionsDespite not reaching an overall ≥70% rating on any of the KT TMFs, experts identified four KT TMFs suitable for HTR. Users may apply these KT TMFs in the implementation of HTR recommendations. In addition, KT TMF characteristics relevant to the field of HTR need to be explored further.
Identification of biomarkers that predict response to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder: protocol for an open-label follow-up study
Authors: Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Narayanaswamy Janardhanan C , Jaisoorya TS , Kashyap Himani , Domenech Philippe , Palfi Stéphane , Mallet Luc , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Reddy YC Janardhan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of bilateral anteromedial subthalamic nucleus (amSTN) has been found to be helpful in a subset of patients with severe, chronic and treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Biomarkers may aid in patient selection and optimisation of this invasive treatment. In this trial, we intend to evaluate neurocognitive function related to STN and related biosignatures as potential biomarkers for STN DBS in OCD.Methods and analysisTwenty-four subjects with treatment-refractory OCD will undergo open-label STN DBS. Structural/functional imaging, electrophysiological recording and neurocognitive assessment would be performed at baseline. The subjects would undergo a structured clinical assessment for 12 months postsurgery. A group of 24 healthy volunteers and 24 subjects with treatment-refractory OCD who receive treatment as usual would be recruited for comparison of biomarkers and treatment response, respectively. Baseline biomarkers would be evaluated as predictors of clinical response. Neuroadaptive changes would be studied through a reassessment of neurocognitive functioning, imaging and electrophysiological activity post DBS.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Ethics Committee. The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and scientific meetings.
Randomised controlled trial comparing immobilisation in above-knee plaster of Paris to controlled ankle motion boots in undisplaced paediatric spiral tibial fractures
Authors: Bradman Kate , Stannage Katherine , O'Brien Sharon , Green Simon , Bear Natasha , Borland Meredith 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundManagement of common childhood spiral tibial fractures, known as toddler’s fractures, has not significantly changed in recent times despite the availability of immobilisation devices known as controlled ankle motion (CAM) boots. We compared standard therapy with these devices on quality-of-life measures.MethodsA prospective randomised controlled trial, comparing immobilisation with an above-knee plaster of Paris cast (AK-POP) with a CAM boot in children aged 1–5 years with proven or suspected toddler’s fractures presenting to a tertiary paediatric ED in Perth, Western Australia, between March 2018 and February 2020. The primary outcome measure was ease of personal care, as assessed by a Care and Comfort Questionnaire (eight questions scored from 0, very easy, to 8, impossible) completed by the caregiver and assessed during three treatment time-points and preintervention and postintervention. Secondary outcome measures included weight-bearing status as well as complications of fracture healing and number of pressure injuries.Results87 patients were randomised (44 CAM boot, median age 2 (IQR 1.5–2.3), 71% male; 43 AK-POP, median age 2 (IQR 1.7–2.8), 80% male), a significant difference in the care and comfort score was demonstrated at all treatment time-points; with the AK-POP group reporting greater personal care needs on assessment on day 2, day 7–10 and 4-week review (all p≤0.001). Weight-bearing status was significantly different at day 7–10 (77.5% CAM vs 53.8% AK-POP, p=0.027). There was no difference in fracture healing or pressure areas between the two treatment groups.ConclusionsImmobilisation of toddler’s fractures in a CAM boot allows faster return to activities of daily living and weight-bearing without any effect on fracture healing.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001311246).