bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine boosts motivation for prosocial effort in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Talbot Jamie , Cutler Jo , Tamm Marin , Little Simon J. , Harmer Catherine J. , Husain Masud , Lockwood Patricia L. , Apps Matthew A. J. 
Published: January 2025

Being willing to exert effort to obtain rewards is a key component of motivation. Previous research has shown that boosting dopamine can increase the willingness to choose to exert effort to obtain rewards for ourselves. Yet often we must choose whether to exert effort, not for our own immediate benefit, but to be prosocial and obtain a benefit for someone else. Pharmacologically increasing dopamine availability has been shown to change social behaviours in experimental tasks, and dopamine degeneration in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) impacts a range of socio-cognitive processes. However, the neuromodulators involved in deciding whether to exert effort to benefit others are unknown. Does dopamine modulate the willingness to exert prosocial effort? Here, male and female PD patients (n=37) ON or OFF their dopaminergic medication completed a task where they chose whether to put in effort for larger reward, or rest and receive a smaller reward, on separate trials either to benefit themselves (‘self’) or an anonymous other person (‘other’). PD patients were more willing to exert effort to benefit themselves than another person, a pattern also observed in an age- and gender-matched control group (n=42). However, crucially PD patients had increased willingness to exert effort for other relative to self, ON compared to OFF medication. These results suggest that dopamine augmentation in PD can increase levels of prosocial motivation, highlighting a key role for dopamine in motivation beyond obtaining rewards for ourselves.Significance StatementProsocial behaviours – acts that benefit other people – are fundamental for societal cohesion. Often prosocial acts, such as helping a friend move home, are effortful. However, the neurochemicals involved in choosing to put effort into prosocial acts are unknown. Dopamine is involved in motivating people to exert effort to obtain themselves rewards, but does it also make us choose to put more effort into prosocial behaviours? We find that dopamine depleted Parkinson’s Disease patients are more willing to choose to put effort into prosocial acts ON dopamine boosting medication compared to OFF. These results provide the first insight into the neurochemicals underlying prosocial effort, and highlight dopamine as key to working hard to help others.
Awareness of Implicit Attitudes Revisited: A Meta-Analysis on Replications Across Samples and Settings
Authors: Goedderz Alexandra , Rahmani Azad Zahra , Hahn Adam 
Published: January 2025

A long-standing debate in social psychology is whether the cognitions reflected on implicit measures are unconscious. Research by Hahn et al. (2014) has documented that people are able to predict the patterns of their results on Implicit Association Tests (IATs) towards five pairs of social groups prospectively. The present article presents a meta-analysis of 17 published and unpublished exact replication studies conducted by or in close supervision of the original author. Replicating Hahn et al., participants in all 17 studies were able to accurately predict the patterns of their IAT results (meta-analytical within-subject effect size: b = .44; corrected average within-subjects correlation r = .56). This prediction accuracy effect was smaller for online (b = .27; corrected r = .37) than lab (b = .47; corrected r = .61) studies, as well as for general-public (b = .27; corrected r = .36) as opposed to student samples (b = .47; corrected r = .60). Moreover, predictions fully explained implicit-explicit relations, and they seemed to reflect unique insights into participants’ own cognitions beyond mere knowledge about normatively expected patterns of implicit responses. This pattern of results remained the same across samples, settings, countries (Canada, US, and Germany), and languages (English vs. German). Further analyses suggested that lower prediction accuracy in online samples seems to partly reflect a suppression effect from higher consistency between traditional explicit evaluations and predictions. Controlling for explicit evaluations (which exerted a negative unique effect on IAT scores beyond IAT score predictions) reduced the difference between online and lab studies substantially. Together, the results strengthen the hypothesis that the cognitions reflected on implicit evaluations are largely accessible to conscious awareness.
Effectivity of Carrot (Daucus carota) Seed Oil as Hair Growth Promoter on Rats (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Andriyanto Andriyanto , Aurelia Sharon , Zylviana Tengku , Natalie Gabriela , Putra Hamdika Yendri 
Published: January 2025

Hair quality and health are important not only for the esthetical reasons but also to maintained the hair’s function in protecting the head. Carrot seed oil (CSO) is rich in vitamin A and beta-carotene, which influence hair quality. CSO also contains carotol, which has anti-fungal properties that treat dandruff. This research aimed to observe the potential of CSO as a hair growth promoter. Twenty male rats were used in the study, with their backs shaved and divided into two areas, each with different frequencies of CSO application. The backs of the rats were given CSO every day for 14 consecutive days with different concentrations, i.e., 25%, 50%, and 75%. Hair growth was assessed based on its length, root, shaft, and tip thickness on days 9,12, and 14 and the results were recorded. On day 15, the rats were euthanized and their skin was collected to observe the number of follicles. Results showed that the application of CSO with different concentrations had no effect on hair length growth but it did affect the thickness of the root, shaft, and tip of the hair, with the best concentration being 75%. The frequency of application did not seem to affect the growth in terms of the length or thickness of the root, shaft, and tip of the hair; however, the application of CSO with 75% concentration and an application frequency of once a day produced the best amount of follicle regeneration.
Hyperkalemia During Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Association With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Clark Devin , Mattice Taylor , Jennifer Abuzzahab M. , Bjornstad Petter , Nickel Amanda , Lammers Shea , Kharbanda Anupam , Bergmann Kelly R. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES
To determine the association between hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury (AKI) during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and to identify factors associated with hyperkalemia during DKA.

METHODS
We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department with a diagnosis of DKA between January 1, 2012, and September 30, 2023. Hyperkalemia was defined as the first nonhemolyzed serum potassium of at least 5.5 mEq/L. AKI was defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to compare outcomes. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate the association between resolution of hyperkalemia and AKI status.

RESULTS
We identified 1359 encounters, of which 115 (8.5%) had hyperkalemia and 252 (18.5%) had AKI. The proportion of encounters with AKI was significantly higher among those with hyperkalemia (n = 55; 47.8%) compared with those without (n =  197; 15.8%) (P &lt; .001). AKI was associated with hyperkalemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.07–3.10). Moderate (aOR, 4.26; 95% CI, 2.32–7.82) and severe (aOR, 4.46; 95% CI, 2.37–8.42) compared with mild acidosis was associated with greater odds of hyperkalemia. The presence of AKI was not associated with time to first normal potassium (standardized β coefficient, −0.01; 95% CI, −77.48 to 68.12; P value = .899).

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated associations between DKA-related AKI, acidosis severity, and hyperkalemia. Resolution of hyperkalemia occurred at a similar rate regardless of AKI status. Our findings may have implications for acute diabetes care.
LaroTuro (Teaching Game Approach): Its Effectiveness on Test Performance in Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies) of Grade III Learners in Dadiangas West Central Elementary School
Authors: Sardido Mary Jane , Alegre Cirilo , Guaybar Ivycris , Pantao Jovar 
Published: January 2025

Background. Araling Panlipunan (term for Social Studies in the Philippines) is one of the subjects included in the K-12 curriculum that learners tend to find uninteresting. It is often ignored and considered as a minor subject.
Objectives. To gain insight into the problem and contribute to addressing it, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of LaroTuro (Teaching Game Approach in the Philippines) as an intervention in improving test performance in the Araling Panlipunan.
Materials and methods. Using an embedded experimental mixed-method design, twenty-eight (28) selected Grade III learners from Dadiangas West Central Elementary School participated in the study during the 2023-2024 academic year. Pre-test and post-test assessments, along with interviews, were conducted. A statistical analysis involved in carrying out the study comprised t-tests, descriptive statistics, and thematic analysis to measure the effect of the intervention.
Results. The findings revealed that before implementing the method of LaroTuro as an intervention, learners had a very low level of test performance in the Araling Panlipunan due to factors like information overload, teacher-centered instruction, and limited engagement. However, after the intervention, they achieved a high level and significant enhancement in test performance, attributing to the features of the intervention such as comprehensible scope and sequence of topics, participatory game-based learning, and questioning techniques.
Conclusion. LaroTuro effectively improves the learners’ test performance in Araling Panlipunan, elaborated by relationship patterns between factors and features. This research recommended conducting further studies incorporating other local games to optimize the effectiveness and practicability of LaroTuro.
Determining the Validity and Reliability of ArtSci-S.P.D. Module On Year 5 Human Circulatory System
Authors: Ng Kai Ling , Samsudin Syakirah 
Published: January 2025

Objectives. The study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the developed art-integration in science learning module, named ArtSci-S.P.D. Implementing the module has been carried out in order to ensure its suitability for using in further research.
Materials and methods. The analysis approach for face validity was Fleiss’ kappa, while the content validity index (CVI) was employed to assess content validity, and the test-retest reliability method was used for measuring reliability. The calculation of test-retest reliability was performed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results. The findings show a positive tendency for evaluating the face and content validity (Fleiss’ kappa, k = 0.66; CVI > 0.78). Additionally, the module exhibits a high coefficient of reliability (r = 0.87).
Conclusions. Thus, the module has been considered to be a valid and reliable tool for using in the actual study, thereby underscoring its efficacy.
Epidemiologia i factors de risc de l'hemorrÃ gia intracerebral en pacients amb malalties d'evoluciÃ³ crÃ²nica i maneig complex
Authors: Lorman i CarbÃ³ Blanca 
Published: January 2025

Les malalties cerebrovasculars s'han convertit en un problema sanitari a escala mundial. D'entre totes, lâhemorrÃ gia intracerebral Ã©s el subtipus menys prevalent perÃ² el mÃ©s letal i l'Ãºnic ictus sense terÃ pia especÃ­fica. A la majoria de supervivents els queda una discapacitat greu desprÃ©s de l'incident. Els resultats publicats sobre la incidÃ¨ncia de l'hemorrÃ gia intracerebral sÃ³n contradictoris, perÃ² els estudis mÃ©s recents insinuen un increment de la incidÃ¨ncia entre els pacients de mÃ©s edat i suggereixen que la incidÃ¨ncia acumulada i la prevalenÃ§a seguiran augmentant com a conseqÃ¼Ã¨ncia de l'envelliment progressiu de la poblaciÃ³. Vivim en un moment de canvis demogrÃ fics: hi ha una poblaciÃ³ cada vegada mÃ©s envellida amb diverses patologies crÃ²niques que sovint sÃ³n difÃ­cils de gestionar. Com a metgessa de famÃ­lia, investigo sobre incerteses del coneixement cientÃ­fic, en aquest cas relacionades amb l'hemorrÃ gia intracerebral en la poblaciÃ³ amb malalties d'evoluciÃ³ crÃ²nica i maneig complex. En aquesta tesi doctoral n'he estudiat l'epidemiologia i els factors de risc amb l'objectiu dâidentificar millor els pacients amb mÃ©s risc i oferir-los la millor atenciÃ³ i qualitat en un context de cronicitat i complexitat com l'actual.
Archival Authority Records and the Potential of Human-centered Archival Description
Authors: Feustle Maristella 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This article offers a case study in using archival authority records in Social Networks and Archival Context (SNAC) to gain new and useful insights into the unique characteristics of a collection, particularly as collections offer tangible evidence of the social networks of their creators. The ways in which the social networks of different corporate bodies, persons, and families differ when systematically expressed may be generalized to some extent based on profession or field. The networks themselves situate a collection's subjects in the context of a wider community, opening avenues for further inquiry. Insights from these networks have implications for reconsidering historical narratives in art and music and for interrogating the status quo regarding commonly accepted canons of works and creators in light of new contextual information.
In this study, the collection of Berthe and Adolfo Odnoposoff, together with their authority records and those of three relatives in SNAC, sheds light on the dynamics of a community of highly skilled musicians brought together by successive waves of geopolitical upheaval. Musical works arising from that community, particularly those written for the Odnoposoffs, show potential as a counterbalance to well-worn canons of commonly performed pieces, providing opportunities for performance as well as analysis and original research. Having demonstrated their benefits, the article concludes with recommendations for encouraging the wider use of archival authority records, including those prescribed by Part II of Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS).
“I can't work part-time for the rest of my life”: Students, Early Career Professionals, and the Uncertain Prospects of an Archival Career
Authors: Todd-Diaz Ashley , Poole Alex H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
In 2004, the A*CENSUS survey identified several challenges related to the future of the archival field, including enhancing the recruitment, training, and retention of archivists. The A*CENSUS II survey conducted in 2021 shows that the archival field has grown and grown younger in the intervening period, but recruitment constitutes only one part of a robust archival enterprise; retention depends upon ensuring rewarding career experiences. This exploratory research examines archival students’ and early career professionals’ perceptions of the prospects of developing an archival career. Drawing on a survey of 406 students and early career professionals (five or fewer years in the field), the authors examine topics of credentials, career paths, professional development plans, and attrition. Findings indicate overall satisfaction with their experiences, though concerns were raised regarding preparation for entering the field; employers’ reception of transferable skills; the ability to secure full-time, well-compensated positions; and the perception that success requires multiple degrees and credentials. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for practice and provide directions for further research.
The Energy Space Density (ESD) Distribution: A New Approach to Reveal the Degree of Fracturing of the Crust in the Etna Region (Italy)
Authors: Giampiccolo Elisabetta , Tuvè Tiziana , Bianco Francesca , Del Pezzo Edoardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The traditional method of representing the seismicity in a region involves plotting earthquakes of various magnitudes on a map. Energy release, however, offers a different perspective for understanding seismicity, especially in volcanic areas where earthquakes are abundant and occur in the form of swarms. In this study, we analyzed earthquakes with a moment magnitude (Mw) greater than 1.5 that occurred between 2006 and 2023, which were relocated using a 3D velocity model, to examine the distribution of energy space density (ESD) in the Etna region. The ESD maps reveal the fundamental patterns of seismicity, which generally align with the local structural features. The shallow crust above 10 km plays a crucial role in energy distribution, with the highest values found in the eastern and southwestern sectors, along well-known structures bordering the unstable sector of the volcano. At deeper levels (down to 20 km), high ESD values are observed in the western sector and are related to the dynamics of magma movement at these depths. The ESD pattern improves the clarity of rock fracture density visualization, offering a more detailed view of the areas with the highest fracture density. These regions may indicate where fluid is stored beneath the volcano.
The Views of Whiteness as The Standard Beauty in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye
Authors: Agustini Amalia Herwinda 
Published: January 2025

<div class="WordSection1"><p>The objective of this research is to study the way Pecola Breedlove, the main character in <em>The Bluest Eye</em>, views whiteness as the standard of beauty, Morrison's historical and social conditions<em>, </em>and also Morrison’s worldview of the work<em>.</em> In order to achieve the objective, I use Lucien Goldmann’s theory of <em>genetic structuralism</em>. As the methodology, it is a combination between comprehension and explanation. In comprehension part, mental structure of society in the novel is being discussed. While in explanation part, it is the comparation of the mental structure in the novel and society in real life. The findings gained from comprehending the novel is that the way Pecola Breedlove’s obsession of whiteness as the standard of beauty is indeed a result of being pressured by the mental structure of society in the novel regarding the beauty standard. On the other hand, Toni Morrison also encountered the same mental structure of society regarding whiteness as the beauty standard in real life during the writing of <em>The Bluest Eye</em>. Hence, Morrison’s worldview is spreading the idea that whiteness is not the standard of beauty.</p><p> </p></div>
The peculiarities of restitution of agricultural land in Ukraine
Authors: Buletsa Sibilla 
Published: January 2025

In the post-Soviet space, two main approaches formed the basis of land reforms: 1) restitution, i.e., the return of land ownership to former owners (as in the Baltic countries, Romania, Slovakia, Albania, etc.), and 2) privatisation of land plots (as in Ukraine, Belarus, etc.). Ukraine lacks legislation regarding property restitution, as the country has not yet decided on this matter. Worldwide, property restitution is carried out to restore property rights violated by communist and national-socialist (Nazi) totalitarian systems. The state must acknowledge its unlawful seizure of private property by recognising the act of violence by the state during the acquisition of property rights. The adoption of the Land Code on March 13, 1992, marked the beginning of land privatisation in Ukraine. The initial years of land reform and privatisation primarily focused on agriculture. In the sphere of agrarian production, a reform was necessary to provide land to workers. For this reason, starting from 1992 rural lands in Ukraine, which were previously owned by the state and used by agricultural enterprises, were transferred to peasants. During the war in Ukraine beginning in 2022, existing legislation prohibits both the formation of land plots through free privatisation, as well as specifying their boundaries and registering them in the state land cadastre.
Determining the effectiveness of aquatic exercise in comparison to land-based exercise for Canadian military Veterans living with chronic lower extremity musculoskeletal pain A feasibility study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Held Nicholas , Cramm Heidi , Miller Jordan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Veterans report living with chronic pain at nearly double the rate of comparable Canadians. Currently, little to no research focusses on CAF Veterans engaging in aquatic exercise as a physical activity-based rehabilitation program. To date, there have been eight randomized clinical trials comparing aquatic exercise to land-based exercise on function or disability for people with lower extremity musculoskeletal pain. While meta-analyses reveal no difference between these two groups in pain, function, and quality of life, this body of research is limited by small sample sizes and risks of bias, making it difficult to draw conclusions and apply the evidence of effectiveness in practice. There are opportunities to improve rigor by conducting a fully powered trial, however, there is need for a pilot study prior to a fully powered trial to determine the feasibility of carrying out the interventions and trial procedures.
Methods
A parallel group pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine the feasibility of conducting a future fully powered RCT to determine the effectiveness of aquatic exercise versus land-based exercise. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to aquatic therapy or land therapy groups. In addition, semi-scripted participant interviews will be conducted in order to understand the acceptability of the interventions and trial methods, as well as barriers, facilitators and strategies for implementation through an interpretive description approach.
Discussion
While there is some existing evidence on the effectiveness of aquatic exercise for individuals living with pain, there is a need to conduct a more rigorous randomized controlled trial, particularly on CAF Veterans. A decision will be taken as to whether the study is recommended to progress to a full randomized controlled trial which includes the perspective of the organization and healthcare providers that are implementing the study protocol as well as the perspective of the participants. The purpose of a future RCT is to assess the effectiveness of aquatic exercise compared to traditional land-based exercise in order improve pain, physical function, and health-related quality of life for CAF Veterans living with pain.
Trial registration: This protocol has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT005869617 – May 16, 2023. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000D733&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0006MPH&ts=2&cx=t4hlaw