bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delirium: Prevalence and outcome in the very old in 27 medical departments during a one-year prospective study
Authors: Marquetand Justus , Bode Leonie , Fuchs Simon , Ernst Jutta , von Känel Roland , Boettger Soenke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence and effects of delirium in very old individuals aged ≥80 years have not yet been systematically evaluated. Therefore, this large single-center study of the one-year prevalence of delirium in 3,076 patients in 27 medical departments of the University Hospital of Zurich was conducted.MethodsPatient scores on the Delirium Observation Screening scale, Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition, and electronic Patient Assessment–Acute Care (nursing tool) resulted in the inclusion of 3,076 individuals in 27 departments. The prevalence rates were determined by simple logistic regressions, odds ratios (ORs), and confidence intervals.ResultsOf the 3,076 patients, 1,285 (41.8%) developed delirium. The prevalence rates in the 27 departments ranged from 15% in rheumatology (OR = 0.30) to 73% in intensive care (OR = 5.25). Delirious patients were more likely to have been admitted from long-term care facilities (OR = 2.26) or because of emergencies (OR = 2.24). The length of their hospital stay was twice as long as that for other patients. Some died before discharge (OR = 24.88), and others were discharged to nursing homes (OR = 2.96) or assisted living facilities (OR = 2.2).ConclusionThis is the largest study to date regarding the prevalence of delirium in patients aged ≥80 years and the medical characteristics of these patients. Almost two out of five patients developed delirium, with a high risk of loss of independence and mortality.
Factors influencing nurse spiritual care practices at the end of life: A systematic review
Authors: Mascio Rita , Best Megan , Lynch Sandra , Phillips Jane , Jones Kate 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to identify determinants of nurse spiritual/existential care practices toward end-of-life patients. Nurses can play a significant role in providing spiritual/existential care, but they actually provide this care less frequently than desired by patients.MethodsA systematic search was performed for peer-reviewed articles that reported factors that influenced nurses’ spiritual/existential care practices toward adult end-of-life patients.ResultsThe review identified 42 studies and included the views of 4,712 nurses across a range of hospital and community settings. The most frequently reported factors/domains that influenced nurse practice were patient-related social influence, skills, social/professional role and identity, intentions and goals, and environmental context and resources.Significance of resultsA range of personal, organizational, and patient-related factors influence nurse provision of spiritual/existential care to end-of-life patients. This complete list of factors can be used to gauge a unit's conduciveness to nurse provision of spiritual/existential care and can be used as inputs to nurse competency frameworks.
Two‐Stage Mafic‐Felsic Magma Interactions and Related Magma Chamber Processes in the Arc Setting: An Example From the Enclave‐Bearing Calc‐Alkaline Plutons, Chinese Altai
Authors: Cui Xing , Sun Min , Zhao Guochun , Zhang Yunying , Yao Jinlong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA systematic data set of petrography, mineralogy, geochronology, and geochemistry is reported for typical arc granitoids and associated mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) from the Chinese Altai, Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Zircon U‐Pb dating indicates that they crystallized coevally at ∼395 Ma. Magma hybridization modeling suggests that the granitoid parental magma formed by mixing between a mafic and a felsic endmember. The sharp decrease of An values from cores to rims (e.g., from ca. 80 to 40) of plagioclase crystals points to polybaric crystallization accompanied by degassing. Petrographic evidence and plagioclase in situ Sr isotopic compositions ((87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7053–0.7071) confirm the interaction of at least two isotopically different magmas during the mineral crystallization. A model for the formation of the enclave‐bearing calc‐alkaline plutons in arc settings is presented: At depth, mantle and crustal melting and efficient magma mixing controlled the principal chemical compositions of the granitoid intrusions. Then in the higher level chamber, decompression‐dominated crystallization and the mingling and limited mixing between blobs of mafic magma and the enclosing granitoid magma ultimately determined the texture, mineral composition, and enclave morphology. The MME have (87Sr/86Sr)i of 0.7048–0.7062, εNd(t) of −0.5 to +2.6, and zircon εHf(t) of +2.3 to +5.4, while the host granitoids have similar Sr isotopic compositions ((87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7054–0.7064), but generally lower whole‐rock εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) values (−2.2 to +0.4 and +0.6 to +4.6, respectively). The petrogenetic analysis and isotopic characters suggest that granitoid emplacement was a means of crustal growth in the Chinese Altai orogen.
Dynamical Characterization of the Loop Current Attractor
Authors: Liu G. , Falasca F. , Bracco A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Gulf of Mexico circulation is modulated by a mesoscale current, the Loop Current (LC), and large anticyclonic eddies that detach from it. The LC dynamics are recurrent, and its evolution is in and from a few preferential states. This observation points to the existence of a low‐dimensional dynamical attractor. Building upon advancements in dynamical system theory, this work characterizes the average and instantaneous dimensions of such an attractor. The instantaneous dimension and its evolution in time are compared among an altimeter‐based data set, an ocean reanalysis and an operational hindcast. The LC complexity, measured by its dimension, differs among them, especially when the dimension is high. During shedding events, differences between datasets emerge in the second principal component. The information provided by this analysis is relevant to operational ocean forecasts and points to where improvement should occur.
Transmission of an ICME Sheath Into the Earth's Magnetosheath and the Occurrence of Traveling Foreshocks
Authors: Ala‐Lahti Matti , Dimmock Andrew P. , Pulkkinen Tuija I. , Good Simon W. , Yordanova Emilya , Turc Lucile , Kilpua Emilia K. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe transmission of a sheath region driven by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection into the Earth's magnetosheath is studied by investigating in situ magnetic field measurements upstream and downstream of the bow shock during an ICME sheath passage on 15 May 2005. We observe three distinct intervals in the immediate upstream region that included a southward magnetic field component and are traveling foreshocks. These traveling foreshocks were observed in the quasi‐parallel bow shock that hosted backstreaming ions and magnetic fluctuations at ultralow frequencies. The intervals constituting traveling foreshocks in the upstream survive transmission to the Earth's magnetosheath, where their magnetic field, and particularly the southward component, was significantly amplified. Our results further suggest that the magnetic field fluctuations embedded in an ICME sheath may survive the transmission if their frequency is below ∼0.01 Hz. Although one of the identified intervals was coherent, extending across the ICME sheath and being long‐lived, predicting ICME sheath magnetic fields that may transmit to the Earth's magnetosheath from the upstream at L1 observations has ambiguity. This can result from the strong spatial variability of the ICME sheath fields in the longitudinal direction, or alternatively from the ICME sheath fields developing substantially within the short time it takes the plasma to propagate from L1 to the bow shock. This study demonstrates the complex interplay ICME sheaths have with the Earth's magnetosphere when passing by the planet.
Disparities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation and death in people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a cohort study of the UK Biobank
Authors: Hassan Lamiece , Peek Niels , Lovell Karina , Carvalho Andre F. , Solmi Marco , Stubbs Brendon , Firth Joseph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeople with severe mental illness (SMI; including schizophrenia/psychosis, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD)) experience large disparities in physical health. Emerging evidence suggests this group experiences higher risks of infection and death from COVID-19, although the full extent of these disparities are not yet established. We investigated COVID-19 related infection, hospitalisation and mortality among people with SMI in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort study. Overall, 447,296 participants from UKB (schizophrenia/psychosis = 1925, BD = 1483 and MDD = 41,448, non-SMI = 402,440) were linked with healthcare and death records. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine differences in COVID-19 outcomes by diagnosis, controlling for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. In unadjusted analyses, higher odds of COVID-19 mortality were seen among people with schizophrenia/psychosis (odds ratio [OR] 4.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.00–7.34), BD (OR 3.76, 95% CI 2.00–6.35), and MDD (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.69–2.33) compared to people with no SMI. Higher odds of infection and hospitalisation were also seen across all SMI groups, particularly among people with schizophrenia/psychosis (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.32–1.96; OR 3.47, 95% CI 2.47–4.72) and BD (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.16–1.85; OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.22–4.73). In fully adjusted models, mortality and hospitalisation odds remained significantly higher among all SMI groups, though infection odds remained significantly higher only for MDD. People with schizophrenia/psychosis, BD and MDD have higher risks of COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation and mortality. Only a proportion of these disparities were accounted for by pre-existing demographic characteristics or comorbidities. Vaccination and preventive measures should be prioritised in these particularly vulnerable groups.
A computational approach for the discovery of significant cancer genes by weighted mutation and asymmetric spreading strength in networks
Authors: Cutigi Jorge Francisco , Evangelista Adriane Feijo , Reis Rui Manuel , Simao Adenilso 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIdentifying significantly mutated genes in cancer is essential for understanding the mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. This task is a key challenge since large-scale genomic studies have reported an endless number of genes mutated at a shallow frequency. Towards uncovering infrequently mutated genes, gene interaction networks combined with mutation data have been explored. This work proposes Discovering Significant Cancer Genes (DiSCaGe), a computational method for discovering significant genes for cancer. DiSCaGe computes a mutation score for the genes based on the type of mutations they have. The influence received for their neighbors in the network is also considered and obtained through an asymmetric spreading strength applied to a consensus gene network. DiSCaGe produces a ranking of prioritized possible cancer genes. An experimental evaluation with six types of cancer revealed the potential of DiSCaGe for discovering known and possible novel significant cancer genes.
Higher-rate relativistic quantum key distribution
Authors: Bebrov Georgi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the major problems in the field of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the low key rates at which the systems operate. The reasons for this are the processes used to ensure the key distribution itself: sifting, parameter estimation, key reconciliation, and privacy amplification. So, this reduction in the rate of communication is inherent to all existing quantum key distribution schemes. This paper is concerned with proposing a solution to mitigate the rate reduction of the so-called relativistic QKD. To mitigate the reduction, we introduce a modified relativistic QKD protocol, which is based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer being used as a probabilistic basis selection system (basis misalignment occurs between the parties in approximately half of the transferred qubits). The interferometric scheme allows the participating parties to correlate the mutual unbiased bases (MUBs) chosen by them. In this regard, a qubit could be used to transfer more than one bit of information. To be precise, by implementing the proposed interferometric scheme into a relativistic QKD protocol, a qubit is able to transfer two bits of information. This results in achieving a protocol, which is characterized with a greater rate of communication, two times greater than the usual rate. The modified protocol is proven to be secure against intercept-resend and collective attacks.
Validation of reference genes for quantitative PCR in the forest pest, Ips calligraphus
Authors: Wallace Mary , Rieske Lynne K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe six-spined ips, Ips calligraphus, is a North American bark beetle that can exploit most eastern North American Pinus species and can cause mortality. Biotic and abiotic disturbances weaken trees, creating breeding substrate that promotes rapid population growth. Management historically relied on silvicultural practices, but as forests become increasingly stressed, innovative management is needed. Manipulation of the cellular RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to induce gene silencing is an emerging means of insect suppression, and is effective for some bark beetles. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a powerful tool for analysis of gene expression, and is essential for examining RNAi. To compare gene expression among individuals, stably expressed reference genes must be validated for qPCR. We evaluated six candidate reference genes (18s, 16s, 28s, ef1a, cad, coi) for stability under biotic (beetle sex, developmental stage, and host plant), and abiotic (temperature, photoperiod, and dsRNA exposure) conditions. We used the comprehensive RefFinder tool to compare stability rankings across four algorithms. These algorithms identified 18s, 16s, and 28s as the most stably expressed. Overall, 16s and 28s were selected as reference genes due to their stability and moderate expression levels, and can be used for I. calligraphus gene expression studies using qPCR, including those evaluating RNAi.
Serial CT changes in different components of lung cancer associated with cystic airspace in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Dou Peipei , Meng Yankai , Zhao Hengliang , Zhang Shuai , Liu Zhongxiao , Zhu Lili , Xu Kai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to observe changes in different components (solid, cystic airspace, or entire tumor) in lung cancer associated with cystic airspace following treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC), using computerized tomography (CT). We analyzed serial (baseline, first-time follow-up, and last-time follow-up) clinical data and CT imaging in six patients treated with NC. The diameters, areas, and volumes of different tumor components (solid, cystic airspace, and entire tumor) were measured. Delta (Δ) was used to represent changes in these parameters between two examinations: Δ1(%) represents the change from baseline to first follow-up after NC, and Δ2(%) represents the change from baseline to last follow-up after NC. We used the intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) to test for consistency between parameters as measured by two radiologists. The diameter of solid components in all lesions showed a trend of continuous reduction compared with baseline (Δ1 ranged from − 8.3 to − 46.0%, Δ2 from − 30.8 to − 69.2%). For cystic airspace and entire tumors, different lesions showed different trends over the course of treatment. For diameter, area, and volume, Δ1 of changes in the solid component ranged from − 8.3 to − 46.9%, − 19.4 to − 70.8%, and − 19.1 to − 94.7%, respectively; Δ2 ranged from − 30.8 to − 69.2%, − 50.8 to − 92.1%, and − 32.7 to − 99.8% in diameter, area, and volume, respectively. Results were inconsistent between different components of lung cancer associated with cystic airspace that was treated with NC, but the diameter, area, and volume of solid components were continuously reduced during treatment. Furthermore, area and volume measurements showed more-significant variation than diameter measurements.
FLT3-ITD allelic ratio and HLF expression predict FLT3 inhibitor efficacy in adult AML
Authors: Kivioja Jarno , Malani Disha , Kumar Ashwini , Kontro Mika , Parsons Alun , Kallioniemi Olli , Heckman Caroline A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is a frequent mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and remains a strong prognostic factor due to high rate of disease recurrence. Several FLT3-targeted agents have been developed, but determinants of variable responses to these agents remain understudied. Here, we investigated the role FLT3-ITD allelic ratio (ITD-AR), ITD length, and associated gene expression signatures on FLT3 inhibitor response in adult AML. We performed fragment analysis, ex vivo drug testing, and next generation sequencing (RNA, exome) to 119 samples from 87 AML patients and 13 healthy bone marrow controls. We found that ex vivo response to FLT3 inhibitors is significantly associated with ITD-AR, but not with ITD length. Interestingly, we found that the HLF gene is overexpressed in FLT3-ITD+ AML and associated with ITD-AR. The retrospective analysis of AML patients treated with FLT3 inhibitor sorafenib showed that patients with high HLF expression and ITD-AR had better clinical response to therapy compared to those with low ITD-AR and HLF expression. Thus, our findings suggest that FLT3 ITD-AR together with increased HLF expression play a role in variable FLT3 inhibitor responses observed in FLT3-ITD+ AML patients.
A computational pipeline for functional gene discovery
Authors: Colon Aolani , Hirday Rishabh , Patel Ami , Poddar Amrita , Tuberty-Vaughan Emma , Fu Tianyue , Ai Xin , Li Wei Vivian , Cai Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany computational pipelines exist for the detection of differentially expressed genes. However, computational pipelines for functional gene detection rarely exist. We developed a new computational pipeline for functional gene identification from transcriptome profiling data. Key features of the pipeline include batch effect correction, clustering optimization by gap statistics, gene ontology analysis of clustered genes, and literature analysis for functional gene discovery. By leveraging this pipeline on RNA-seq datasets from two mouse retinal development studies, we identified 7 candidate genes involved in the formation of the photoreceptor outer segment. The expression of top three candidate genes (Pde8b, Laptm4b, and Nr1h4) in the outer segment of the developing mouse retina were experimentally validated by immunohistochemical analysis. This computational pipeline can accurately predict novel functional gene for a specific biological process, e.g., development of the outer segment and synapses of the photoreceptor cells in the mouse retina. This pipeline can also be useful to discover functional genes for other biological processes and in other organs and tissues.
High stability resistive switching mechanism of a screen-printed electrode based on BOBZBT2 organic pentamer for creatinine detection
Authors: Khushaini Muhammad Asif Ahmad , Azeman Nur Hidayah , Ismail Ahmad Ghadafi , Teh Chin-Hoong , Salleh Muhammad Mat , Bakar Ahmad Ashrif A. , Aziz Tg Hasnan Tg Abdul , Zain Ahmad Rifqi Md 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe resistive switching (RS) mechanism is resulted from the formation and dissolution of a conductive filament due to the electrochemical redox-reactions and can be identified with a pinched hysteresis loop on the I–V characteristic curve. In this work, the RS behaviour was demonstrated using a screen-printed electrode (SPE) and was utilized for creatinine sensing application. The working electrode (WE) of the SPE has been modified with a novel small organic molecule, 1,4-bis[2-(5-thiophene-2-yl)-1-benzothiopene]-2,5-dioctyloxybenzene (BOBzBT2). Its stability at room temperature and the presence of thiophene monomers were exploited to facilitate the cation transport and thus, affecting the high resistive state (HRS) and low resistive state (LRS) of the electrochemical cell. The sensor works based on the interference imposed by the interaction between the creatinine molecule and the radical cation of BOBzBT2 to the conductive filament during the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurement. Different concentrations of BOBzBT2 dilution were evaluated using various concentrations of non-clinical creatinine samples to identify the optimised setup of the sensor. Enhanced sensitivity of the sensor was observed at a high concentration of BOBzBT2 over creatinine concentration between 0.4 and 1.6 mg dL−1—corresponding to the normal range of a healthy individual.
Early identification of disease progression in ALK-rearranged lung cancer using circulating tumor DNA analysis
Authors: Angeles Arlou Kristina , Christopoulos Petros , Yuan Zhao , Bauer Simone , Janke Florian , Ogrodnik Simon John , Reck Martin , Schlesner Matthias , Meister Michael , Schneider Marc A. , Dietz Steffen , Stenzinger Albrecht , Thomas Michael , Sültmann Holger 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTargeted kinase inhibitors improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients with ALK alterations (ALK+). However, due to the emergence of acquired resistance and varied clinical trajectories, early detection of disease progression is warranted to guide patient management and therapy decisions. We utilized 343 longitudinal plasma DNA samples from 43 ALK+ NSCLC patients receiving ALK-directed therapies to determine molecular progression based on matched panel-based targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), and shallow whole-genome sequencing (sWGS). ALK-related alterations were detected in 22 out of 43 (51%) patients. Among 343 longitudinal plasma samples analyzed, 174 (51%) were ctDNA-positive. ALK variant and fusion kinetics generally reflected the disease course. Evidence for early molecular progression was observed in 19 patients (44%). Detection of ctDNA at therapy baseline indicated shorter times to progression compared to cases without mutations at baseline. In patients who succumbed to the disease, ctDNA levels were highly elevated towards the end of life. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of these NGS assays in the clinical management of ALK+ NSCLC.
Long-term dynamics of aberrant neuronal activity in awake Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice
Authors: Korzhova V. , Marinković P. , Njavro J. Rudan , Goltstein P. M. , Sun F. , Tahirovic S. , Herms J. , Liebscher S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with aberrant neuronal activity, which is believed to critically determine disease symptoms. How these activity alterations emerge, how stable they are over time, and whether cellular activity dynamics are affected by the amyloid plaque pathology remains incompletely understood. We here repeatedly recorded the activity from identified neurons in cortex of awake APPPS1 transgenic mice over four weeks during the early phase of plaque deposition using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging. We found that aberrant activity during this stage largely persisted over the observation time. Novel highly active neurons slowly emerged from former intermediately active neurons. Furthermore, activity fluctuations were independent of plaque proximity, but aberrant activity was more likely to persist close to plaques. These results support the notion that neuronal network pathology observed in models of cerebral amyloidosis is the consequence of persistent single cell aberrant neuronal activity, a finding of potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance for AD.