bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How far can we go? Determining the optimal loan size in progressive lending
Authors: Dhib Nahla , Ashta Arvind 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor microfinance institutions (MFIs) with double bottom line objectives and trade‐offs, the optimal loan size can be determined by using a combination of Markovian Chains with transition probabilities and expected cash flows. Progressive lending may be safe over a range of loan sizes, beyond which a rational borrower would indulge in a strategic default. This range of safe loan sizes may depend on borrower characteristics (risk‐taking, self‐confidence, productivity, interest rates, subsistence needs) and the Microfinance Institution's strategy (financial inclusion objective, progressive lending). MFIs can improve the objective functions by better communication and encouragement of borrowers to increase their confidence in each stage and reassuring them that entrepreneurial failure will not mean being denied a second chance.
False positive FDG uptake in melanoma patients treated with talimogene laherparepvec (T‐VEC)
Authors: Mulder Evalyn E. A. P. , Stahlie Emma H. A. , Verver Daniëlle , Lemstra Clara , Been Lukas B. , Mooyaart Antien L. , Brabander Tessa , Vegt Erik , Verburg Frederik A. , van der Veldt Astrid A. M. , Verhoef Cornelis , van Akkooi Alexander C. J. , Grünhagen Dirk J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTalimogene laherparepvec (T‐VEC) is a genetically modified herpes simplex virus‐1‐based oncolytic immunotherapy and has been approved for the local treatment of unresectable (stage IIIB/C and IVM1a) cutaneous melanoma. During T‐VEC treatment, tumor response is often evaluated using [18F]2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐
d‐glucose(FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). In a Dutch cohort (n = 173), almost one‐third of patients developed new‐onset FDG uptake in uninjected locoregional lymph nodes during T‐VEC. In 36 out of 53 (68%) patients with new nodal FDG uptake, nuclear medicine physicians classified this FDG uptake as “suspected metastases” without clinical or pathological confirmation in the majority of patients. These false positive results indicate that new‐onset FDG uptake in locoregional lymph nodes during T‐VEC treatment does not necessarily reflect progressive disease, but may be associated with immune infiltration. In current clinical practice, physicians should be aware of the high false positive rate of FDG uptake during treatment with T‐VEC in patients with melanoma. Therefore, pathological examination of lymph node lesions with new FDG uptake is recommended to differentiate between progressive disease and immune infiltration after treatment with T‐VEC.
Novel MLL/KMT2A‐MON2 fusion in a child with therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia after treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Gong Yanlei , Wang Man , Shen Hongjie , Chen Yan , Cen Jiannong , Yin Xiaolin , Yao Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is characterized by the reciprocal t (15;17) (q24; q21) translocation, resulting in PML–RARA gene fusion. Therapy‐related AML (t‐AML) is a serious complication after cytotoxic and/or radiation therapy in many malignant diseases. In this report, MLL/KMT2A‐MON2, with balanced chromosomal translocation t (11;12) (q23; q14), was identified as a novel fusion in a child transformed to t‐AML after successful treatment of APL. This study emphasized that clinical monitoring with an integrated laboratory approach is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of t‐AML.
Calibration of RS41 humidity sensors by using an upper‐air simulator
Authors: Lee Sang‐Wook , Kim Sunghun , Choi Byung Il , Woo Sang‐Bong , Lee Sungjun , Kwon Suyong , Kim Yong‐Gyoo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe upper‐air simulator (UAS) was developed at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science to test commercial radiosonde sensors under representative conditions. In this framework, humidity generation is performed through a two‐temperature mode in which the temperatures of the saturator and the test chamber are controlled independently. The operation range of the UAS in terms of the temperature, dew/frost‐point temperature, and relative humidity (RH) is −70 to +20°C, −80 to +20°C, and 5%–100%, respectively. The total combined uncertainty of the UAS humidity generation is within 1.1 %RH at a coverage factor k = 2. As a proof of concept, the calibration of Vaisala RS41 humidity sensors is demonstrated. The maximum difference between the humidity measured using the RS41 sensors and UAS reference humidity is approximately 3 %RH at −67°C, which gradually decreases to approximately 1 %RH as the temperature is raised to 21°C. The repeatability of a single RS41 unit and reproducibility of three different units are 0.5 and 0.9 %RH, respectively, in terms of the standard deviation. The uncertainty of an RS41 humidity sensor is 0.9–1.4 %RH (k = 2) at −67°C. Realizing the calibration of commercial radiosondes by using the UAS can enhance the traceability to the International System of Units and emphasize the role of metrology for meteorology and climate research.
Optimization and design of bending‐insensitive paper‐based LC wireless passive sensors
Authors: Qin Guoxuan , Yang Lin , Fan Zhihong , Dong Helei , Yu Shihui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHow to monitor the freshness of packaged food, the safety of sealed medicine, or the other substances in sealed space wirelessly and environment‐friendly has become an urgent problem in recent years. After summarizing the theory of the LC sensor, a design of a paper‐based resonator (30 mm × 30 mm × 0.15 mm) consisting of a finger capacitor is proposed in this paper. The sensor is embedded inside the package by adhering it to the package's inner wall. Its response is remotely detected through a readout coil. This paper establishes a circuit simulation model and an electromagnetic simulation model to verify the feasibility of the design. Compared with the real object and the theoretical simulation model, the difference between the results only within 1 MHz, which verifies the correctness of the theory. Additionally, the measured results indicate that the resonant frequency of the resonator shifted from 102.441 MHz to 88.195 MHz, after dropping water on the sensor. Besides, the simple fabrication technology and inexpensive sensor material ensure a low cost, thus making this technology economically viable.
A posteriori error analysis of a quadratic finite volume method for nonlinear elliptic problems
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we construct and analyze a residual‐based a posteriori error estimator for a quadratic finite volume method (FVM) for solving nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We shall prove that the a posteriori error estimator yields the global upper and local lower bounds for the norm error of the FVM. So that the a posteriori error estimator is equivalent to the true error in a certain sense. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the theoretical results.
Mycorrhizal science outreach: Scope of action and available resources in the face of global change
Authors: Silva‐Flores Patricia , Argüelles‐Moyao Andrés , Aguilar‐Paredes Ana , Calaça Francisco Junior Simões , Duchicela Jessica , Fernández Natalia , Furtado Ariadne N. M. , Guerra‐Sierra Beatriz , Lovera Milagros , Marín César , Neves Maria Alice , Pezzani Fabiana , Rinaldi Andrea C. , Rojas Krystel , Vasco‐Palacios Aida Marcela 
Published: July 2021

Societal Impact StatementMycorrhizal associations are acknowledged as key components of global ecosystem functioning. This is especially relevant in the context of global change, since they contribute to the amelioration of adverse soil conditions and play crucial roles in agriculture. Generally speaking, the lay public is uninformed on the importance of mycorrhizal fungi and symbiosis to our planet. Therefore, mycorrhizal scientific outreach activities are of paramount importance in order to bridge the aforementioned gap. We think that informing people about the benefits of mycorrhizal fungi and symbiosis in the face of global change, will raise general awareness of relevant research and aid conservation efforts.SummaryScience outreach has become a particularly important duty in shortening the knowledge gap between scientists and the public, in order to strengthen societal decision‐making power in the global change crisis. Mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal symbioses are key components of terrestrial ecosystems that contribute significantly to endure and reduce certain negative global change effects. Their importance has been gaining recognition in academic circles, but not among the general public. The aim of this article is to encourage as many mycorrhizal fungi researchers around the world as possible to build, through science outreach, a bridge between their scientific work and public interest. To this end, we conducted a review and discussed the relationship between global change and the mycorrhizal symbiosis. We highlight potential audiences, tools, resources, activities, outreach models, pros and cons, as well as the quantification potential for the outreach activities success. We extend an invitation to all mycorrhizologists around the world to contribute with mycorrhizal outreach material. Contributions will become available on the South American Mycorrhizal Research Network website for individuals or organizations interested in starting or innovating in mycorrhizal science outreach activities. Finally, the hashtag #mycorrhizalscienceoutreach is proposed to be used whenever a mycorrhizal fungi‐related science outreach activity is shared in social media.
Investigation of antibacterial activity of polyvinyl alcohol packaging films composed of silver oxide nanoparticles, graphene oxide and tragacanth gum using Box–Behnken design
Authors: Pourmoslemi Shabnam , Shokouhi Saeid , Mahjub Reza 
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed to develop an antibacterial packaging system based on biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. Box–Behnken design was used to investigate silver oxide nanoparticles, graphene oxide and tragacanth gum as film additives to obtain maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The experimental design showed the inhibitory effect of graphene oxide and tragacanth gum on the antibacterial activity of PVA films containing Ag2O nanoparticles. The optimum film containing 5% Ag2O nanoparticles (% of PVA weight) was prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyser (TG‐DTA). Results of this study showed the formation of PVA film with 0.04‐mm thickness, with a higher density of Ag2O nanoparticles (25‐ to 75‐nm size) around the upper surface. Compared with blank PVA film, the optimum film showed higher tensile strength and thermal stability. It was also more efficient in water vapour and oxygen barrier properties, along with preserving raw beef samples by inhibiting the growth of beef natural bacteria for at least 7 days, when stored in the refrigerator.
Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals for homogeneous time delay systems of neutral type
Authors: Alexandrova Irina V. , Zhabko Alexey P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we present a general construction of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals for a class of neutral‐type time delay systems with a linear difference part and homogeneous right‐hand sides of degree strictly greater than one. Under an assumption that the corresponding difference matrix equation as well as a system with zero delays are asymptotically stable, the functionals allow proving delay‐independent asymptotic stability. They are based on the Lyapunov functions of the corresponding delay free systems and constitute a generalization of constructions presented recently for homogeneous systems of retarded type. The functionals are applied to the robustness analysis with respect to uncertainties at the right‐hand sides and at the difference term as well.
Effects of land use, tillage management, and crop diversification on soil physical quality in Cerrado agricultural systems
Authors: Sattolo Thales Meinl Schmiedt , Pereira Lívia Macarini , Otto Rafael , Francisco Eros , Duarte Aildson Pereira , Kappes Claudinei , Prochnow Luís Ignácio , Cherubin Maurício Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSustainable agricultural intensificationhas been considered one of the solutions for increasing food production and mitigating climate changes. Nevertheless, soil physical degradation induced by intense mechanization may threaten those benefits in large‐scale agricultural regions such as the Brazilian Cerrado. Thus, our study aimed to assess the effects of land use, tillage management, and crop diversification on soil physical quality of two long‐term experiments in Cerrado through on‐farm visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS) and soil physical parameters. Soil sampling was performed in 0‐to‐10‐ and 10‐to‐20‐cm layers of four agricultural systems: soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]–fallow under conventional tillage (SF); soybean–fallow under no‐till (SN); soybean–maize (Zea maysL.) succession under no‐till (SM); and crop rotation under no‐till including soybean, maize, grasses, and legumes (CR). An additional area of native Cerrado vegetation (NV) was included as reference. Land transition from Cerrado to agricultural systems declined the soil physical quality, detected by VESS assessment and physical parameters in both layers. Tillage management did not alter soil physical parameters, which was likely associated with the medium time adoption in the experiments (9 yr) and high resilience capacity of clayey Oxisols. Unexpectedly, SM and CR negatively affected the porosity‐ and water‐associated soil parameters in the 10‐to‐20‐cm layer compared with SN. It suggests that the soil physical damage induced by higher frequency of machinery operations required to manage a more diverse crop sequence may prevail over the benefits provided by crop diversification. Finally, this study highlights that intensified agricultural systems need to be coupled with strategies to reduce and/or control intensive machinery traffic.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Free‐Amine (−NH2) Directed C−H Bond Activation and Functionalization for Biaryl Frameworks
Authors: Ghosh Prasanjit , Chowdhury Deepan , Dana Suman , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed direct transformation of inert C−H bond has revolutionized the arsenal of main‐stream organic synthesis, providing a new upfront to forge structurally enriched and biologically relevant scaffolds in a step‐ and atom‐economical way. Past decades have accounted for the major developments in this realm, proclaiming excellent site‐selectivity by exploiting a variety of coordinating directing groups (DGs). Consideration of versatile, abundant, sp3‐hybridized free‐amine (−NH2) functionality for the same purpose has always been a formidable task owing to its innate reactivity. In recent years, free‐amine functionality has emerged as a potent DG for a wide range of C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds formations and annulation cascades. In this review article, we have discussed the advancements of free‐amine directed C−H activation/functionalization reactions towards biaryl frameworks made within a decade (2012 to 2021).
A Single Substrate 38 GHz Dual Antenna Array with Compact Feed Network
Authors: Tahseen Hafiz Usman , Zheng Zhaowen , Yang Lixia 
Published: July 2021

In the recent technological development of 5G communication systems either cellular or other broadcast applications, a lot of research is being done on millimeter‐wave antenna arrays. High frequency antennas in millimeter‐wave range are used to achieve high speed communications with the data rate in Gb/s. This article presents two high gain 5G antenna arrays on a single substrate with no side lobes and a compact series feed line technique for smartphones and other broadcast applications. The profile antenna has two 1 × 16 arrays on a single substrate in the broadside direction at opposite edges. Each array exhibits 17.3 dB and 16.4 dB simulated and measured gain with 65.7° HPBW at 38 GHz and impedance bandwidth 31.30 GHz to 39 GHz. Simulated and measured results are compared to check the feasibility of the proposed dual antenna array for 5G communication systems. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Ultrastructural identification of developing proximal tubules based on three‐dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Cong Jing , Chang Shi‐Jie , Thomsen Jesper Skovhus , Andreasen Arne , Chen Xue , Xing Jia , Zhang Jie , Gu Ling , Zhai Xiao‐Yue 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe cellular mechanisms involved in the development of proximal tubules are not only associated with morphogenesis in fetal life, but also with restoration of damaged tubules in adulthood. Knowledge about morphological features of cell differentiation and proliferation along the developing tubule is insufficient, which hinders identification of the cellular origin.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate ultrastructures of the proximal tubule at different stages of nephrogenesis.MethodsElectron microscopy was used and guided by computer‐assisted tubular tracing to identify the cellular structures.ResultsRenal vesicles and S‐shaped bodies revealed more proliferative features, such as densely‐packed fusiform‐shaped cells with numerous protein‐producing organelles than membrane specializations typical for mature tubules. At the capillary‐loop stage the proximal tubules demonstrated all characteristics of the mature tubules, but not as developed, including shorter but densely packed microvilli, fewer lateral processes with cell‐cell contacts, lower basal membrane infoldings, and lower mitochondrial volume density. However, they exhibited an elaborated endocytic system above the nucleus, indicating a membrane transport is being established. Abundant free‐ and endoplasmic reticulum‐adhered ribosomes and Golgi complexes reflected active protein synthesis for cell growth and proliferation. Interestingly, electron dense cells were occasionally intermixed with electron lucent cells characterized by various organelles in less cytosol and a larger nucleus with abundant euchromatin, which is a feature of active proliferation.ConclusionsThese ultrastructures indicate that the morphogenesis of the developing proximal tubule corresponds to the gradually established physiological activities. The two different cellular electron densities may suggest distinctive differentiation of the cells along the tubule.
Induction of immunocontraceptive effects in both male and female mice immunized with GnRH vaccine
Authors: Ahn Hee‐Seop , Park Byung‐Joo , Go Hyeon‐Jeong , Lyoo Eu‐Lim , Kim Dong‐Hwi , Lee Joong‐Bok , Park Seung‐Yong , Song Chang‐Seon , Lee Sang‐Won , Choi Yang‐Kyu , Jung Hyun‐Ju , Kim Hyoung‐Moon , Choi In‐Soo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundGonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a pivotal role in regulating the reproductive endocrine system.ObjectiveAn immunocontraception vaccine aimed at inhibiting the functions of GnRH is tested as a potential tool for controlling animal populations.MethodsWe developed a recombinant immunocontraceptive vaccine composed of GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II (GnRH I+II), which was conjugated with Salmonella typhimurium flagellin. Forty‐eight BALB/c mice aged 4 weeks were divided into four groups (each group had n = 12): non‐vaccinated male (NVM), non‐vaccinated female (NVF), vaccinated male (VM), and vaccinated female (VF). Mice in the vaccinated groups were vaccinated twice by intramuscular injection at 0 and 2 weeks with 300 μg of the recombinant GnRH protein complex per mouse. Mice in the non‐vaccinated groups were injected with saline and served as the unimmunized controls. Twenty‐four pairs of male and female mice were mated for 10–12 weeks after initial immunization in four groups: 6 NVF × 6 NVM, 6 VF × 6 NVM, 6 NVF × 6 VM, and 6 VF × 6 VM. Results: An increase (p < 0.001) in antibody titers in VM and VF mice was observed. The testosterone levels and the number of spermatocytes were lower (p < 0.001) in VM mice than those in the control mice. The progesterone levels and the number of corpora lutea were lower (p < 0.001) than those in the control mice. Mating results in both VM and VF mice confirmed a 60% reduction in pregnancy rates and offspring numbers.ConclusionsThe recombinant GnRH vaccine can be used for birth control in both male and female animals.
The use of ultrasonographic measurement of the heart size and fetal heart rate variation for gestational age determination in local Bulgarian goats
Authors: Karadaev Manol , Fasulkov Ivan , Vasilev Nasko , Atanasova Stefka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDetermination of gestational age in goats was performed using ultrasound measurements of different fetal biometric parameters. There are no data showing quadratic and exponential dependence between fetal heart parameters and gestational age.ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to test the significance of the defined indicators (fetal heart rate, longitudinal and transverse fetal heart axes) for determining gestational age in local Bulgarian goats.MethodsA total of 24 pregnant local Bulgarian goats, aged between 2 and 5 years, body weight 42–50 kg were included in the study. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed weekly on gestational days 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49. After gestational day 49 until parturition, scans were performed biweekly. The data from the measurements were subjected to linear (y = a + bx), quadratic (y = aх2 + bх + c) and exponential (y = axn) correlation. Results: Average fetal heart rate values decreased with pregnancy progression. The coefficient of determination (R2) and standard error of estimate (SEE) of the heart rate indicator were 0.72, 0.75, 0.58 and 15.1, 14.4, 19.2 days, respectively, for the three correlations. Longitudinal diameter (long axis) had the following values for R2 = 0.94, 0.96, 0.96 and for SEE = 7.0, 5.5, 5.5 days, for the linear, quadratic and exponential correlations, respectively, while the values of the fetal heart transverse diameter (short axis) were higher than those of the external one (R2 = 0.95, 0.97, 0.97). Simultaneously, SEE is lower (SEE = 6.1, 4.9, 5.0 days) compared to
that found for the long heart fetal axis.ConclusionsFor precise estimation of gestational age, use of longitudinal (long) and transverse (short) axes is recommended. Fetal heart rate is not an exact indicator but can be used as a reference for gestational age along with changes in the heart size
and echogenicity.
Local BCJ numerators for ten-dimensional SYM at one loop
Authors: Bridges Elliot , Mafra Carlos R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe obtain local numerators satisfying the BCJ color-kinematics duality at one loop for super-Yang-Mills theory in ten dimensions. This is done explicitly for six points via the field-theory limit of the genus-one open superstring correlators for different color orderings, in an analogous manner to an earlier derivation of local BCJ-satisfying numerators at tree level from disk correlators. These results solve an outstanding puzzle from a previous analysis where the six-point numerators did not satisfy the color-kinematics duality.