bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of water quality in Saigon River water and its treatment by traditional coagulation – flocculation
Authors: Khanh Bui Van , Duyen Tran Thi My , Hien Lam Pham Thanh , Que Vo Nguyen Xuan , Huy Nguyen Nhat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In natural water, colloidal particles play an important role in the transport of organic compounds, including pollutants. The analysis of colloidal particles creates more bases for the selection of river water treatment technology, making the treatment more efficient. In this study, the size and zeta potential of colloidal particles in Saigon river water were determined. Seven sampling sites were randomly selected along the river length in Ho Chi Minh City. One of the locations was selected to investigate colloidal properties at different times (i.e. 10 samples). The results showed that the colloidal particles have poor stability with Zeta potentials in the range from -19 mV to -12 mV. Besides, statistical analysis showed that the zeta potential had an inverse correlation with the pH value and the permanganate index with the significant coefficients of -0.67 and -0.73, respectively. The size of colloidal particles in water is not uniform; however, due to poor stability, part of the particles join together and settle down. Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation-rapid sand filtration experiments were also performed to remove colloidal particles from the water. The treated water has low turbidity with a removal efficiency of 97%. This shows that the colloidal particles presented in the Saigon River water could be easily removed by the traditional physicochemical method. However, the parameters of the permanganate index and Coliforms did not meet the standard of QCVN 01-1/2018/BYT for drinking purposes, which still require further treatment.
Estimate tropical forest stand volume using SPOT 5 Satellite Image
Authors: Nguyen T T H , Pham T A , Luong T P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study tested solutions aiming to improve the estimates of tropical forest stand volume (SV) for the large area using SPOT 5 data and field data. Firstly, forests were stratified into four forest strata using a hybrid classification of ISODATA (Iterative Self - Organization Data Analysis) unsupervised, and Maximum likelihood supervised (MLC) based on SPOT 5 image and field data. A set of 111 sample plots was distributed in these four forest strata, which represented disturbed forests under different levels by human-induced. Within the sample plots, diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height (H) were measured to calculate standing volume using the SV equation from the previous study for the area. The method of k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbour) was applied to estimate the stand volume for different datasets of SPOT 5 bands, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and combination of SPOT 5 bands and NDVI. The estimates were separately tested for the whole area and each forest stratum. Leave one out cross-validation method was employed to validate the quality of the predictions. The results indicated the accuracy of the estimate was significantly improved when applying for each stratum comparing to for the whole area with both SPOT 5 and NDVI data. The lower errors were found in the forest strata that are fewer disturbances than the heavily degraded stratum. Among the image data, the estimates were based on the NDVI give a lower accuracy compared to others.
Health risk assessment of groundwater consumption for drinking and domestic purposes in Xuyen Moc District, Ba Ria – Vung Tau Province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen A H , Nguyen M P L , Pham N T T , Tat V M H , Luu L K , Vo P L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Groundwater in Xuyen Moc district is currently exploited for many purposes such as irrigation, domestic, production and livestock activities. In this study, the health risk assessment (HRA) method was used to determine the risks of public health for local people consuming groundwater for their domestic purposes by using the hazard quotient (HQ). This method calculated HQ of parameters exceeding the allowable limit in drinking water through monitoring data and the survey of households in the study area. Fourteen (14) groundwater samples were collected in the dry and wet seasons in 2017. Eleven (11) water quality parameters (pH, total hardness, TDS, SO4
2-, Cl−, NO3
−, F−, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Pb) were selected for analysis. Results of calculation of HQ showed that fluoride is a parameter affecting the health of children when using groundwater for a long-term (HQ > 1). HQ values ranged from 1.9 to 2.2 through ingestion of water and HQ through the dermal absorption ranged from 4.710−4 - 8.610−4.
Bacillus and azotobacter counts in solid biofertilizer with different concentration of zeolite and liquid inoculant
Authors: Hindersah R , Rahmadina I , Harryanto R , Suryatmana P , Arifin M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bacillus and Azotobacter sp are Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria widely used as biofertilizer. The success of commercial carrier-basedbiofertilizer is depend on formulation which dictate the shelf live and cell viability as well. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the population of Bacillus and Azotobacter in compost-based solid biofertilizer with several zeolite and liquid inoculant concentration. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design which test the combintion treatment of three concentration of zeolite (0.1, 1 and 5%) and four concentration of initial liquid mixed inoculant (1, 5, 10 and 15%). All formulations were incubated at room temperature prior to count the Bacillus and Azotobacter population at day 7, 14, 21 and 28. The results verified that, the population of both bacteria in compost-based inoculant were higher than initial population. The zeolite and liquid inoculant concentration influenced Bacillus count at 7 days and Azotobacter count at 7 and 14 days Nonetheless the higher population of both bacterial species was in the compost-based biofertilizer contained 1% zeolite and 10% of liquid inoculant as well as 5% zeolite and 5% liquid inoculant. Both formulations maintain the Bacillus and Azotobacter population up to 12 and 10 log of cfu/g respectively.
Total bacteria, total fungus, and water activity content of multinutrient block with green betle leaf levels added as feed supplements for goat
Authors: Pujaningsih R I , Widiyanto  , Baginda I M T , Sri M , Hilmiyatun N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multinutrient blocks (MNB) have high water content (24.46%) which during storage can damage and reduce its quality. High water content can trigger the growth of bacteria and fungus, so it’s necessary to add natural ingredients such as green betle leaf which functions as anti-bacterial and anti-fungus. This study aims to evaluate the effect of green betle leaf juice addition on total bacteria, total fungus and water activity in MNB during storage. The research used completely randomized design with level addition of green betle leaf juice specifically at 0% (S0), 3% (S1), and 6% (S2). The results showed that the addition of green betle leaf juice with different levels to the multinutrient blocks during storage had a significant effect (p <0.05) on total bacteria and fungus. The addition of 6% green betle leaf juice to the MNB resulted in the lowest average total bacteria and fungus totalling 4.32 × 104 CFU / g and 4.66 × 104 log cfu / g. Water activity is below 0.6, so that fungus and bacteria in the multinutrient blocks cannot grow. So, it can be stated that multinutrient blocks with the addition of 6% green betle leaf juice can be given safely as feed supplements.
Microalgae for Simultaneous Removal of Organic and Nitrogenous Compounds from Wastewater
Authors: Zuhra  , Malahayati N , Emalya N , Rinaldi W , Yunardi Y 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increasing population growth and rapid urbanization, particularly in the developing countries, have significantly contributed to the amount and the quality of domestic wastewater. Although in certain cities, centralized wastewater treatment facility is available, it mainly aims at removing organic substances as the system uses the conventional one. Even after the treatment, the effluent is still rich with nutrients pollutants, particularly nitrogenous compounds originated from bathrooms and kitchens. Consequently, excessive nitrogenous matter in the effluent will end up in the water bodies which can lead to eutrophication, stimulating algal bloom, changing the balance of organism and degrading the water quality. As the conventional wastewater treatment system is expensive to invest and operate, an alternative cheaper and reliable method for wastewater treatment should be available, meeting the need of the developing countries. In recent years many researches have shown that microalga have capability of simultaneously reducing organic and nitrogenous substances in the wastewater for further developed as sources for producing medicines, healthy foods, ingredients, chemicals, biofuels, electricity, animal feeds, and many more. In this paper, we will review and discuss the potential application of microalgae in wastewater treatment, with attention to simultaneously removal of organics and nitrogenous substances in wastewater.
The effects of phosphate and lime fertilizer on the growth and production of soybean plants in a former wetland
Authors: Adnan  , Bakar B A , Azis A , Rosa E , Fitri S , Savitri S , Fachruddin F 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the effects of phosphate and lime fertilizer on the growth and production of soybean plants in a former wetland. It was carried at the Experimental Field of the Agriculture Faculty, Samudra University Langsa, at a height of 3 meters above sea level (MASL) and a soil pH of 5.5. The results showed that phosphate fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height at the age of 30 DAP, the number of pods per polybag, the number of filled pods, the weight of dry seeds per polybag, and the weight of 100 dry seeds; however, it had no significant effect on plant height at the age 10 and 20 DAP, as well as on the number of productive branches. The most effective type of phosphate fertilizer found in this research was P3(TSP). The most effective type of lime fertilizer found in this study was K2(Dolomite). The combination of phosphate and lime fertilizer found to have a significant effect on the number of pods per polybag and the number of filled pods. The best combination of phosphate and lime fertilizer was P3K2(TSP + Dolomite) giving the best results.
Mode of action of the endophytic yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in controlling basal stem rot caused by Phytopthora capsici
Authors: Safitri D , Wiyono S , Soekarno B P W , Achmad  
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Phytophthora capsici is the cause of basal stem rot (BSR) disease in black pepper plants. The BSR attack rate can reach 67% and can reduce black pepper production in the field by 30–40%. Application of yeast as a BSR control technique has not yet been studied, and this study therefore aims to determine the mechanism of yeast's action in suppressing P. capsici mycelium growth in vitro. Yeast is obtained from the Piperaceae family, and testing is through the dual culture antibiosis mechanism. There are two Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolates from Piperaceae plants that can significantly inhibit mycelium growth of P. capsici through hyperparasitism, production of volatile organic compounds, and the ability to produce β-1,3 glucanase enzyme. Microscopic observations using compound microscopy and scanning of microscopic electrons show that Rhodotorula mucilaginosa has the ability to lyse P. capsici hyphae development.
The growth of cattle population in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) and its development prospects
Authors: Adnyana I P C P , Hilmiati N , Astiti L G S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
West Nusa Tenggara or Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province is one of the centres of beef cattle production in Indonesia. There has few studies that concern with population trends and improvement opportunities. This research aimed at determining the Gross and Net increase of beef cattle population during 5 years of period (2014-2018) in NTB and its development prospects. The data was collected through desk study, then analysed descriptively using a qualitative approach to provide an overview of the cattle population in NTB and its development opportunities. The results showed that from 2014 to 2018, the increase in Gross and Net population growth was in line with the National Beef Self-Sufficiency Program. The development opportunities are heading to Sumbawa Island considering the land potential, the utilization of the remaining agricultural crops, and the use of Lamtoro tree legume as the source of protein feed.
Assessment of infiltration rate in the Lawe Menggamat Sub-Watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Basri H , Manfarizah  , Syakur  , Chandra S Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Lawe Manggamat sub-watershed has been degraded as indicated by the increasing frequency of flood events from year to year. This is related to the hampered infiltration process so that the volume of rainfall that enters the soil is getting smaller, on the other hand, the surface runoff tends to increase. This study aimed to determine the infiltration rate in the Lawe Menggamat sub -watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive method (survey) which refers to the Land Map Unit (LMU) by considering the type of land use, soil type, and slope. Infiltration in the field was observed using a double-ring infiltrometer at 17 LMU. The results showed that the infiltration rate in the Lawe Menggamat sub-watershed consisted of 5 categories, namely: fast (LMU-1, LMU-8, and LMU-16), rather fast (LMU-2, LMU-3, and LMU-17), medium (LMU-6, LMU-7, and LMU-10), rather slow (LMU-4, LMU-5, LMU-9, LMU-11, and LMU-15), slow (LMU-12, LMU-13, and LMU-14)."The dominant factors affecting the infiltration rate are texture, C-organic, bulk density, soil type, and land use. Management of cover crops and organic matter, as well as forest and land rehabilitation, are expected to improve infiltration in these areas.
Interaction between type of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and patchouli varieties on growth and yield of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)
Authors: Halimursyadah  , Syamsuddin  , Nurhayati  , Zuliana  , Phonna T N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A group of bacteria living in the rhizosphere area and capable to actively colonize the plant's root system called Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). These bacteria can improve plant growth and yield. We determine the interaction between types of PGPR and patchouli varieties on growth and yield. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, between January to June 2020. The collecting data from experiment were analyzed by factorial randomized block design with three replications. Seven type of rhizobacteria consist used without rhizobacteria, Necercia sp., Pseudomonas capacia, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus bodius, Bacillus alvei, Bacillus stearothermophillus. The varieties consist of three levels Tapak Tuan, Lhokseumawe, and Sidikalang. There was very significant interaction between rhizobacteria and varieties on the parameters of fresh weight and dry weight and significant interactions on plant height at 60 and 120 DAP, number of branches at 90 and 120 DAP, and leaf area. Variety of Sidikalang combination with P. capacia have very high wet weight (73.43 g), dry weight (18.05 g), and leaf area (84.00 cm2).
Influence of liquid probiotic inclusion as feed additives on lipid profiles and meat cholesterol content of commercial broiler chickens
Authors: Imran  , Wajizah S , Samadi  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to consumer’s concern for food safety and the pathogenic bacterial resistance of antibiotics in humans, the usage of antibiotics as animal feed has been banned. The aims of this study was to investigate inclusion of liquid probiotic in drinking water on lipid profiles and meat cholesterol content of commercial chickens. Totally 100 chickens at the age of 28 d from growth study were selected for 20 chickens (5 birds per treatment) for further lipid profiles and meat cholesterol content study. Four treatment in this study was inclusion of liquid probiotics in the drinking water with different concentration (P1=control, P2= 1.0 %, P3= 1.5 % and P4= 2.0 % of probiotic in drinking water). The result of the study indicated that inclusion of liquid probiotic up to 2% did not significantly reduce the weight and percentage of abdominal fat and cholesterol in the breast meat broiler. However, inclusion of probiotics at the level of 1.5% was the best level indicated low cholesterol concentration and high value of iodine concentration in meat broilers. Based on the study, it was concluded that probiotics can be used as alternative feed additive to replace antibiotics as growth promoters up to 1.5% at the best.
Number of fruit flies (Diptera: tephritidae) trapped in various combinations of methyl eugenol dosages and trap colors
Authors: Mulyadi R , Wilyus  , Novalina  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The fruit fly (Diptera: tephritidae) is one of the pests affecting chilies. This pest can cause yield losses that vary between 30% to 100%. An effective and environmentally friendly technique which could be applied to control this pest is the use of methyl eugenol attractant combined with the color of the trap. This research was carried out in Muaro Jambi District and aimed at testing the effectiveness of a combination of several attractant doses of methyl eugenol and color traps on a number of fruit flies trapped in the red chili plantations. This study used a split plot design. Methyl eugenol doses were used as the first factor, consisting of two levels namely 0,5 ml, 1,5 ml., and trap color was used as the second factor, consisting of three levels namely red, yellow, and blue. There were six treatment combinations with 4 replications in total. The result showed that the amount of fruit flies trapped with methyl eugenol at 1.5 ml dose and yellow color are higher than other treatment combinations. However, the attractant dose of methyl eugenol has a stronger effect than the color, this study shows that effective control of fruit flies must involve both elements.
The development strategy of superior commodities in Pidie Jaya regency
Authors: Fahmi N , Safrida  , Fajri  , Kasimin S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development strategy of superior commodities in Pidie Jaya is very important to be done in such a way that the public is more prosperous in protecting the wheels of life. The developmental success of an area can be seen from the indication of economic change at the public level, but it will not work if the regional government’s contribution is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the areas (sub-districts) which is the base of superior commodities in Pidie Jaya Regency and to determine the most effective economic development strategies based on superior commodities in Pidie Jaya Regency. The method used to determine the base of superior commodities was the LQ (Location Quotient) analysis model. The results of this research showed that there were 4 sub-districts as the basis of superior commodities namely Bandar Dua sub-district, Pante Raja sub-district, Bandar Baru sub-district, and Meurah Dua subdistrict.
Enhancing female pedestrians’ safety perceptions through the permeability of building frontages (case study: blok M area)
Authors: Dameria C , Fuad A H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between the permeability of building frontages and female pedestrians’perceptions of safety on the sidewalk. A case study is conducted in two commercial streets with different settings in the Blok M area, Jakarta. Perceived meanings are evoked by the elements of the urban environments, which then form a subjective perception that differs due to several factors, including gender. Women in developing countries tend to exhibit more fear and insecurity in public places. Therefore, considerations that create a sense of security and safety for women in public places are essential. Natural surveillance, also known as the eyes on the street strategy, can improve one’s safety perception and is often triggered by a range of functions along the street, especially the ground floor and also an active building frontage. Permeability is one of the key features of an active building frontage that supports natural surveillance and a safe urban experience. Permeability differs according to the building’s uses and can be identified both physically and visually. The expected results suggest that permeability, through its openness and its transparency, can create a safe walking experience for female pedestrians in an urban context.
Application of in-situ restoration combination technique for eutrophic water in Bailuwan Ecological Wetland Park
Authors: Shui Yonghong , You Lixia , Shi Li , Li Rong , Mao Hongmei , Wang Xiaohu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bailuwan Ecological Wetland Park with an area of 200 hm2, has been the first “National Urban Wetland Park” in Chengdu which is divided into A and B two zones. In zone A, as a window and image representative of the city, 50% recharge water in Daxuanhu Lake comes from Xiaoxuanhu Lake. The water eutrophication was serious with water blooms appeared in Xiaoxuanhu Lake in 2017. In order to repair the eutrophic water body, in-situ ecological restoration combination technology was applied. Thirteen kinds of plants, including submerged water, emergent water and floating leaf together with man-made wetland, submerged macrophyte, ecological floating bed and floating leaf plant were selected to construct as restoration system for Xiaoxuanhu Lake. The results showed that Xiaoxuanhu Lake water quality had improved significantly after restoration. The main physical and chemical indexes were up to the standard of III class of surface water from inferior V in one year’s operation. The annual average concentration of CODMn, TP, TN and NH3-N compared with influent decreased 10.4%, 67.7%, 25.1% and 25.6% respectively. The high quality water supply for Daxuanhu Lake was guaranteed in this way. The technique can be used in situ restoration of eutrophic water body in the ecological wetland park and ecological restoration of eutrophic water body in urban rivers and lakes.
Hydrate predictions on the China-Russia eastern gas pipeline during the pipeline goes into production
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Li Changjun , Li Li , Duan Linjie , Jia Wenlong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The China-Russia eastern gas pipeline has the characteristics of large pipe diameter and high pressure. During the pipeline goes into production, the temperature along the pipeline was low, and the conditions of low temperature and high pressure brought the risk of hydrate formation. Based on the multiphase flow theory and the CSMHyK hydrate growth kinetic model, this paper studied the hydrate formation region, the amount of hydrate formed and the influence of hydrate formation on the temperature drop and pressure drop of the China-Russia eastern gas pipeline in the first winter the pipeline goes into production. The results show that in the first winter the pipeline goes into production when the water content is more than 150 mg/kg the hydrate formation risk exists in the pipeline. Hydrate accumulates mainly in the ascending part of the low-lying pipe section, and the greater the height difference of the pipe section, the more hydrate accumulation. In the stage of mass hydrate formation, the temperature in the pipeline will rise due to hydrate formation, but when hydrate growth reaches equilibrium, the temperature in the pipeline is mainly controlled by the external soil temperature. In addition, a large amount of hydrate accumulation will generate a throttling effect, which will lead to increased temperature drop and pressure drop of the pipeline. When the water content is 350 mg/kg, the maximum additional pressure drop generated by hydrate aggregation is 2.27MPa.