bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theobroma Grandiflorum Breeding Optimization Based on Repeatability, Stability and Adaptability Information
Authors: Chaves Saulo Fabrício da Silva , Alves Rafael Moysés , Alves Rodrigo Silva , Sebbenn Alexandre , de Resende Marcos Deon Vilela , Dias Luiz Antônio dos Santos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cultivation of Theobroma grandiflorum in the Brazilian Amazon is mainly conducted by family farmers who use a range of different management straegies. Thus, breeding programs of the species must address the challenge of developing cultivars that are adapted to and stable in a variety of cultivation environments. In this context, this study aimed to estimate the optimum number of harvests for genetic selection of T. grandiflorum progenies and identify the most promising ones in terms of productivity, stability, and adaptability. The trials were implemented in three environments, using a randomized complete block design, with 25 full-sib progenies, five replications, and three plants per plot. The traits mean number of fruits/plant, mean fruit production/plant, and rate of infection with witches’ broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa) were evaluated over 11 harvests. The Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP) mixed model method was used to estimate genetic parameters and predict genetic values, which were then applied to assess stability and adaptability. The results show that there is genetic variability among the studied T. grandiflorum progenies and that accurate genetic selection aiming at recombination is effective after three harvests, for recombination, or eleven harvests for identification of recommended progenies. Six progenies were selected that met the requirements for productivity, stability, and adaptability to different cultivation environments. These results can be used to optimize and advance T. grandiflorum breeding programs.
Triptolide Inhibits the Biological Processes of HUVEC and HepG2 Cells via the Serine Palmitoyltransferase Long Chain Base Subunit 2/sphingosine-1-phosphate Signaling Pathway
Authors: tan qinyou , zhu shengnan , zhu mingfei , huang lingyue , xu siyuan , luo yuqin , xiao juan , su huazhen , huang shaoyuan , jia lulu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a cancer that has a high incidence in men, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Studies show that angiogenesis plays an important role in the formation of tumors, not only providing nutrients to tumor cells, but also closely related to tumor growth and metastasis. So, how to find new anti-vascular and anti-tumor targets for the pathogenesis of liver cancer is a key issue that needs to be resolved.Methods: After treating Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and HepG2 cells with different concentrations of triptolide (TP), the relationship between TP's anti-vascular and anti-tumor activities and sphingolipids was investigated respectively. Then, the three-dimensional co-culture model was used to explore the correlation between HUVEC and HepG2 cells, and to find the relationship between it and sphingolipids.Results: This study explored the effects of TP on the proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of HUVEC cells, as well as the effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. And through the PCR Array assay to screen the changes of related sphingolipid genes, it was found that serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (SPTLC2) was most likely to be related to the effect of TP. In further transfection experiments, it was found that down-regulation of SPTLC2 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of HUVEC cells, and down-regulation of SPTLC2 can also inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. The up-regulation of SPTLC2 has opposite effects in these two cell lines. In the three-dimensional co-culture model of HUVEC and HepG2 cells, it was found for the first time that HUVEC cells can promote the biological process of HepG2 cells. It was found through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot experiments that it may be achieved through the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptors (S1PRs) pathway. Finally, we found that the promotion effect of HUVEC cells on HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited after HUVEC cells were treated with TP.Conclusions: These data confirmed that the level of SPTLC2 may be related to the anti-vascular and anti-tumor effects of TP. The data also showed that there was a correlation between the viability of HepG2 cells and HUVEC cells, which may be related to the expression of S1P/S1PRS. Ultimately, these data may help discover new anti-tumor targets.
Clinical and Genetic Features of Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young in Pediatric Patients: a 12-year Monocentric Experience
Authors: Passanisi Stefano , Salzano Giuseppina , Bombaci Bruno , Lombardo Fortunato 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. A retrospective observational study was conducted to assess the prevalence of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in a large paediatric population of Southern Italy. Clinical and genetic features of the identified MODY patients were also described. Methods. Genetic testing was performed in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with diabetes who presented autoantibody negativity and fasting C-peptide levels ≥ 0.8 ng/mL. Patients with a low insulin daily dose and optimal glycaemic control after two years from diabetes onset were also investigated for monogenic diabetes, regardless of their autoimmunity status and/or C-peptide levels.Results. A prevalence of 6.5% of MODY was found. In particular, glucokinase-MODY was the most common type of MODY. The mean age at diagnosis was 9.1 years. Clinical presentation and biochemical data were heterogeneous also among patients belonging to the same MODY group. No clear criteria to screen patients eligible for diagnostic investigations were identified. Conclusions. Our findings highlight that a more detailed clinical evaluation of patients diagnosed with diabetes along with easier and less expensive approachability to genetic testing may allow diagnosing an increasing number of MODY cases. A correct, prompt diagnosis is crucial to choose the most appropriate treatment and offer adequate genetic counselling.
Androgen Receptor Coregulator Long Non Coding RNA CTBP1-AS Is Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Kashmiri Women
Authors: Amin Shajrul , Nabi Mudasar , Andrabi Syed Mudasir , Rasool Shayaq Ul Abeer , Ashraf Sairish , Majid Imarn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disorders in premenopausal women. Even though the pathophysiology of PCOS is complex and obscure, the disorder is prominently considered as the syndrome of hyperandrogenism. C-Terminal binding protein 1 antisense (CTBP1-AS) acts as a novel Androgen Receptor regulating long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Therefore, the present study was aimed to establish the possible association of androgen receptor regulating long noncoding RNA CTBP1-AS with PCOS.Methods: A total of 178 subjects including 105 PCOS cases and 73 age-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. The anthropometric, hormonal and biochemical parameters of all subjects were analysed. Total RNA was isolated from peripheral venous blood and expression analysis was done by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between and various clinical parameters and lncRNA CTBP1-AS expression.Results and conclusion: the mean expression level of CTBP1-AS was found to be significantly higher in the PCOS women than in the healthy controls (-lnCTBP1-AS, 4.23 ± 1.68 versus 1.24 ± 0.29 p<0.001). Further, subjects with higher expression level of CTBP1-AS had significantly higher risk of PCOS compared to subjects with low levels of CTBP1-AS expression (actual OR = 11.36, 95% C.I. = 5.59-23.08, P = < 0.001). The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.987 (SE 0.006 and 95% C.I. 0.976–0.99). However, lncRNA CTBP1-AS was found to have no association with different clinical characteristics in PCOS. In conclusion, androgen receptor coregulating lncRNA CTBP1-AS is associated with PCOS women and high expression of CTBP1-AS is a risk factor for PCOS in Kashmiri women
Perceptions of and Adaptations to Climate Change, Determinants and Barriers Among Pastoralists in Inner Mongolia, Arid and Semi-Arid Region of China
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Huamin , Liu Xuhua , Xu Zhichao , Wen Lu , Liu Dongwei , Liang Cunzhu , Zhuo Yi , Wang Lixin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate change is going to be one that presents major challenges facing pastoral system, especially in arid and semi-arid region. How pastoralists perceive and adapt has become increasingly important part in providing foundation for households and governments to develop adaptation policies. This article aims to investigate the pastoralists' perceptions on climatic change variability and impacts, in addition, to explore the pastoralists' adaptation strategies and determinants using a Multivariate Probit Model, as well as barriers and needs in the adaptive process. We collected questionnaires from the pastoral areas across four districts in Inner Mongolia. The findings revealed that pastoralists' perception of the inter-annual temperature variation is relatively coincide with actual meteorological data. This study found that 11 adaptation strategies have been commonly used by pastoralists, moreover, household production capital, risk-buffering capacity, and social network influenced the pastoralists' adaptations. However, barriers remain for pastoralists, such as inadequate capital and labor, lack of water, limited access to credit, technological knowledge, and timely weather information. Further, our findings indicated that pastoralists need hazard relief fund, improved pasture facilities, technical knowledge training, active weather-based information, integrated pest and disease management and off-farm employment opportunities. This combination of our findings potentially provides some support for developing appropriate and long-term specific policies to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change.
Prioritizing Cancer lncRNA Modulators via Integrated lncRNA-mRNA Network and Somatic Mutation Data
Authors: Zhou Dianshuang , Li Xin , Shang Shipeng , Zhi Hui , Wang Peng , Gao Yue , Ning Shangwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) represent a large category of functional RNA molecules that play a significant role in human cancers. lncRNAs can be genes modulators to affect the biological process of multiple cancers.Methods: Here, we developed a computational framework that uses lncRNA-mRNA network and mutations in individual genes of 9 cancers from TCGA to prioritize cancer lncRNA modulators. Our method screened risky cancer lncRNA regulators based on integrated multiple lncRNA functional networks and 3 calculation methods in network. Results: Validation analyses revealed that our method was more effective than prioritization based on a single lncRNA network. This method showed high predictive performance and the highest ROC score was 0.836 in breast cancer. It’s worth noting that we found that 5 lncRNAs scores were abnormally high and these lncRNAs appeared in 9 cancers. By consulting the literatures, these 5 lncRNAs were experimentally supported lncRNAs. Analyses of prioritizing lncRNAs reveal that these lncRNAs are enriched in various cancer-related biological processes and pathways.Conclusions: Together, these results demonstrated the ability of this method identifying candidate lncRNA molecules and improved insights into the pathogenesis of cancer.
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant emergence and vaccine breakthrough
Authors: Mlcochova Petra , Kemp Steven , Dhar Mahesh Shanker , Papa Guido , Meng Bo , Mishra Swapnil , Whittaker Charlie , Mellan Thomas , Ferreira Isabella , Datir Rawlings , Collier Dami A. , Singh Sujeet , Pandey Rajesh , Marwal Robin , Datta Meena , Sengupta Shantanu , Ponnusamy Kalaiarasan , Radhakrishnan V.S. , Abdullahi Adam , Goonawardne Niluka , Brown Jonathan , Charles Oscar , Chattopadhyay Partha , Devi Priti , Caputo Daniela , Peacock Tom , Wattal Chand , Goel Neeraj , Vaishya Raju , Agarwal Meenakshi ,   The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG),   CITIID-NIHR BioResource COVID-19 Collaboration, Antranik Mavousian, Lee o Hyeon , Barcla Wendy S. , Bhatt Samir , Flaxman Seth , James Leo , Rakshit Partha , Agrawal Anurag ,   Ravindra K. Gupta1
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and has spread throughout India, displacing the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant and other pre-existing lineages. Mathematical modelling indicates that the growth advantage is most likely explained by a combination of increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Indeed in vitro, the delta variant is less sensitive to neutralising antibodies in sera from recovered individuals, with higher replication efficiency as compared to the Alpha variant. In an analysis of vaccine breakthrough in over 100 healthcare workers across three centres in India, the Delta variant not only dominates vaccine-breakthrough infections with higher respiratory viral loads compared to non-delta infections (Ct value of 16.5 versus 19), but also generates greater transmission between HCW as compared to B.1.1.7 or B.1.617.1 (p=0.02). In vitro, the Delta variant shows 8 fold approximately reduced sensitivity to vaccine-elicited antibodies compared to wild type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralising titres against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were significantly lower in participants vaccinated with ChadOx-1 as compared to BNT162b2 (GMT 3372 versus 654, p<0001). These combined epidemiological and in vitro data indicate that the dominance of the Delta variant in India has been most likely driven by a combination of evasion of neutralising antibodies in previously infected individuals and increased virus infectivity. Whilst severe disease in fully vaccinated HCW was rare, breakthrough transmission clusters in hospitals associated with the Delta variant are concerning and indicate that infection control measures need continue in the post-vaccination era.
Evaluation of mortality in ICU-hospitalized COVID-19 patients by using REMS, APACHE-II, CCI, and SOFA
Authors: Kodik Meltem Songür , Öztürk Esin , Uz İlhan , Özçete Enver , Inci Özlem , Ersel Murat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Our study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of four scoring models in predicting mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The models used in this regard were: Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II), and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA).Materials and Methods: A single-centre and retrospective analysis was carried out by considering definitive or probable COVID-19 patients hospitalized our hospital’s ICU unit. Patients who were admitted to our hospital’s ED between 11.03.2020 – 31.12.2020, and transferred directly to ICU from the ED due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in our study. 411 patients above 18 years old were found appropriate for the study.Results: Among the patients, the mean age was 69 and 61.6% were male. Laboratory values such as creatinine, potassium(K), white blood cells(WBC), hematocrit(HTC), pH, and physiological findings such as mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, FiO2 were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Besides, comorbidities were observed in 368(89.5%) patients, and malignancy and dementia were statistically associated with death (p<0.001 and 0.019, respectively). All four of the scoring systems (REMS, CCI, APACHE-II, and SOFA) were statistically an indicator of in-hospital mortality (p<0.001). However, when ROC analysis was used to compare the discriminatory power of the scoring systems, no meaningful difference was detected (p>0.05).Conclusion: We investigated that REMS, CCI, APACHE-II, and SOFA were effective in determining the in-hospital mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients; however, no remarkable superiority existed between each other. These models may be guiding for ED physicians in terms of risk classification.
Research progress on the injury mechanism and detection method of disinfectant-injured Escherichia coli in the drinking water system
Authors: Feng Cui-min , Zhu Na , Jin Ji-yue , Li Ying , Xu Zhen , Wei Tong , Yu Rui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sublethally injured bacteria can still develop into normal bacteria under favorable growth conditions, and their pathogenicity poses a great threat to human health. In the drinking water system, some bacteria cause sublethal injury under the action of disinfectants, that is, disinfectant-injured bacteria. Hence, the detection of disinfectant-injured bacteria and the elucidation of injury mechanisms are of great significance for ensuring the microbial safety of drinking water systems. This article takes the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli as the research object, reviews and summarizes the sublethal injury conditions, damage mechanism, and detection methods of disinfectant-injured bacteria in drinking water, and puts forward a prospect for the future research directions of drinking water disinfection and disinfectant-injured bacteria.
Current report on the prevalence of free-living amoebae (FLA) in natural hot springs: a systematic review
Authors: Fabros Mary Rachael Leigh , Diesta Xyleen Rianne Shae , Oronan John Anthony , Verdejo Kim Sofia , Garcia Joe-Anna Sheilla Marie , Sophia Romey Ma. , Milanez Giovanni De Jesus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) in natural hot springs is considered a public health concern. FLAs are known to cause serious health outcomes to a wide spectrum of mammalian hosts. The present study aimed to provide the distribution of isolated cases of FLAs in hot springs through a systematic review process of available published articles online. Relevant studies are published between January 2010 and January 2020 involving the isolation of Naegleria spp., Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia spp., Sappinia spp., and Vermamoeba spp. in natural hot springs in the United States, South America, North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Articles were identified through a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Out of 94 articles screened, a total of 20 articles are included in the study with consideration of established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common FLAs isolated in hot springs are Acanthamoeba spp. (134; 48.5%) and Naegleria spp. (127; 46.0%). Other FLAs isolated in hot springs include Balamuthia spp. (2; 0.7%) and Vermamoeba spp. (13; 4.7%). FLA in hot springs used for recreational and medical purposes is a potential source of infection. It is recommended that strict surveillance and maintenance of hot springs be implemented to prevent potential future infection.
The effect of mobile camera selection on the capacity to predict water turbidity
Authors: Villamil Jorge , Victorino Jorge , Gómez Francisco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, cameras of mobile have phones emerged as an alternative for quantifying water turbidity. Most of these studies lack a strategy to determine the water turbidity for new samples, focusing mainly on one particular device. Nevertheless, widespread use of these approaches requires a predictive capacity on out-of-the-sample images acquired in devices of different capabilities. We studied the influence of mobile device camera sensors on the predictive performance of water turbidity for non-previously observed turbid images. For this, a reference database with turbid images acquired for different mobile devices was constructed. A machine learning method based on image quality measures and linear classifiers (least squares and LASSO) was proposed to perform predictions on each mobile device. Relative accuracy and precision were evaluated. Results suggest that these approaches may provide accurate predictions reaching most than 80% of relative accuracy with high test-retest reliability (&gt; 0.99). Nevertheless, our results also indicate that the predictive performance levels dropped in low capacity quality sensors. Therefore, despite the high performance that can be reached using these approaches, widespread use on multiple mobile devices may require further development of low-quality sensors and a better understanding of their operative ranges.
In Silico Studies Comparing the Adjuvant Therapies Approved for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sathish Kumar Jayaprakash 
Published: June 2021

One of the most common neurodegenerative disorders is Parkinson's disease. The occurrence of Parkinson's disease includes loss of dopaminergic function and loss of motor function. It is characterized by non- motor as well as motor features. The medicine sector has been primarily focusing on developing adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in order to improve the efficacy of the drugs and to improve the quality of treatment. This study aims in silico screening of the drugs available for adjunctive therapy of Parkinson’s disease. The pharmacokinetic parameters, potential adverse effects, toxicity studies, biological activity and the structure activity relationships of the drugs were analyzed and summarized. The drugs chosen as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease have reported high chances of adverse drug events and require precautions before administration. Although, they are therapeutically effective it is necessary to investigate other available therapies and then conclude their efficacy.
Keywords: Adjunct therapy, in silico, Parkinson’s disease, pharmacokinetic study, toxicity profile.
Formulation and Evaluation of Immediate Release Tablet Dosage Form of Linagliptin and Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors: Jat Rakesh Kumar , Chatterjee Sukanta 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the current study work was to formulate and assess a fixed dose mixture tablet of instant release oral solid dosage form comprising two anti-diabetic drugs (linagliptin and metformin hydrochloride) for managing of diabetes mellitus type 2.The innovator drug product (Jentadueto Tablet) was evaluated for the various evaluation parameters, which have been taken into consideration during the drug product development. Pre-formulation evaluation was accomplished to safeguard better parameters of formulated drug product. On the result of pre-formulation evaluation and innovator drug product characterization, the model drug product was recognized in various steps. The established formulation was augmented for different excipients. The instant release film covered tablet of linagliptin and metformin HCl was expressed and augmented at laboratory scale. The individual steps (procedures) were improved for the same and the scale-up contemplation have been engaged into account certify the product performance at pilot plant-up to commercial scale-up.
Keywords: anti-diabetic, linagliptin, metformin