bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic and age-dependent elastic material behavior of the human costal cartilage
Authors: Weber Matthias , Rothschild Markus Alexander , Niehoff Anja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCompared to articular cartilage, the biomechanical properties of costal cartilage have not yet been extensively explored. The research presented addresses this problem by studying for the first time the anisotropic elastic behavior of human costal cartilage. Samples were taken from 12 male and female cadavers and unconfined compression and indentation tests were performed in mediolateral and dorsoventral direction to determine Young’s Moduli EC for compression and Ei5%, Ei10% and Eimax at 5%, 10% and maximum strain for indentation. Furthermore, the crack direction of the unconfined compression samples was determined and histological samples of the cartilage tissue were examined with the picrosirius-polarization staining method. The tests revealed mean Young’s Moduli of EC = 32.9 ± 17.9 MPa (N = 10), Ei5% = 11.1 ± 5.6 MPa (N = 12), Ei10% = 13.3 ± 6.3 MPa (N = 12) and Eimax = 14.6 ± 6.6 MPa (N = 12). We found that the Young’s Moduli in the indentation test are clearly anisotropic with significant higher results in the mediolateral direction (all P = 0.002). In addition, a dependence of the crack direction of the compressed specimens on the load orientation was observed. Those findings were supported by the orientation of the structure of the collagen fibers determined in the histological examination. Also, a significant age-related elastic behavior of human costal cartilage could be shown with the unconfined compression test (P = 0.009) and the indentation test (P = 0.004), but no sex effect could be detected. Those results are helpful in the field of autologous grafts for rhinoplastic surgery and for the refinement of material parameters in Finite Element models e.g., for accident analyses with traumatic impact on the thorax.
Age-dependent shift in the de novo proteome accompanies pathogenesis in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Elder Megan K. , Erdjument-Bromage Hediye , Oliveira Mauricio M. , Mamcarz Maggie , Neubert Thomas A. , Klann Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss, but the AD-associated neuropathological changes begin years before memory impairments. Investigation of the early molecular abnormalities in AD might offer innovative opportunities to target memory impairment prior to onset. Decreased protein synthesis plays a fundamental role in AD, yet the consequences of this dysregulation for cellular function remain unknown. We hypothesize that alterations in the de novo proteome drive early metabolic alterations in the hippocampus that persist throughout AD progression. Using a combinatorial amino acid tagging approach to selectively label and enrich newly synthesized proteins, we found that the de novo proteome is disturbed in young APP/PS1 mice prior to symptom onset, affecting the synthesis of multiple components of the synaptic, lysosomal, and mitochondrial pathways. Furthermore, the synthesis of large clusters of ribosomal subunits were affected throughout development. Our data suggest that large-scale changes in protein synthesis could underlie cellular dysfunction in AD.
The autumnal lockdown was not the main initiator of the decrease in SARS-CoV-2 circulation in France
Authors: Pereda-Loth Veronica , Pineda Aldair Martínez , Tisseyre Lenka , Courtade-Saidi Monique , Bousquet Christophe , Ferdenzi Camille , Letellier Thierry , Bensafi Moustafa , Pierron Denis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, governments have taken drastically restrictive public health measures with significant collateral effects. It is important to understand the impact of these measures on SARS-CoV-2 circulation. However, pandemic indicators lag behind the actual level of viral circulation and these delays are an obstacle to assessing the effectiveness of policy decisions. Here, we propose one way to solve this problem by synchronizing the indicators with viral circulation in a country (France) based on a landmark event.

Methods
Based on a first lockdown, we measured the time lag between the peak of governmental and non-governmental surveillance indicators and the highest level of virus circulation. This allowed alignment of all surveillance indicators with viral circulation during the second period of the epidemic, overlaid with the type of public health measures implemented.

Results
We show that the second peak in viral circulation in France happened ~21 October 2020, during the public health state of emergency but before the lockdown (31 October). Indicators also suggest that viral circulation decreased earlier in locations where curfews were implemented. Indicators did, however, begin to rise once the autumnal lockdown was lifted and the state of emergency resumed.

Conclusions
Overall, these results suggest that in France, the 2020 autumnal lockdown was not the main initiator of the decrease in SARS-CoV-2 circulation and curfews were important in achieving control of the transmission. Less-restrictive measures may need to be balanced with more-stringent measures to achieve desirable public health outcomes over time.
Predicting prostate cancer specific-mortality with artificial intelligence-based Gleason grading
Authors: Wulczyn Ellery , Nagpal Kunal , Symonds Matthew , Moran Melissa , Plass Markus , Reihs Robert , Nader Farah , Tan Fraser , Cai Yuannan , Brown Trissia , Flament-Auvigne Isabelle , Amin Mahul B. , Stumpe Martin C. , Müller Heimo , Regitnig Peter , Holzinger Andreas , Corrado Greg S. , Peng Lily H. , Chen Po-Hsuan Cameron , Steiner David F. , Zatloukal Kurt , Liu Yun , Mermel Craig H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Gleason grading of prostate cancer is an important prognostic factor, but suffers from poor reproducibility, particularly among non-subspecialist pathologists. Although artificial intelligence (A.I.) tools have demonstrated Gleason grading on-par with expert pathologists, it remains an open question whether and to what extent A.I. grading translates to better prognostication.

Methods
In this study, we developed a system to predict prostate cancer-specific mortality via A.I.-based Gleason grading and subsequently evaluated its ability to risk-stratify patients on an independent retrospective cohort of 2807 prostatectomy cases from a single European center with 5–25 years of follow-up (median: 13, interquartile range 9–17).

Results
Here, we show that the A.I.’s risk scores produced a C-index of 0.84 (95% CI 0.80–0.87) for prostate cancer-specific mortality. Upon discretizing these risk scores into risk groups analogous to pathologist Grade Groups (GG), the A.I. has a C-index of 0.82 (95% CI 0.78–0.85). On the subset of cases with a GG provided in the original pathology report (n = 1517), the A.I.’s C-indices are 0.87 and 0.85 for continuous and discrete grading, respectively, compared to 0.79 (95% CI 0.71–0.86) for GG obtained from the reports. These represent improvements of 0.08 (95% CI 0.01–0.15) and 0.07 (95% CI 0.00–0.14), respectively.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that A.I.-based Gleason grading can lead to effective risk stratification, and warrants further evaluation for improving disease management.
A novel high efficiency and ultra-stable red emitting europium doped pyrophosphate phosphor for multifunctional applications
Authors: Wang Chuang , Li Ying , Chen Shuanglong , Li Yanyan , Lv Qingyi , Shao Bohuai , Zhu Ge , Zhao Lei 
Published: June 2021

The RBPO:Eu3+ phosphor developed by the nonlinear optical material-inspired methodology can serve as a potential candidate in solid state lighting applications, artistic appreciation or some applications under extreme conditions.
The Additional Effect of Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy on Residual Dizziness After Successful Modified Epley Procedure for Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Heydari Maryam , Ahadi Mohsen , Jalaei Bahram , Maarefvand Mohammad , Talebi Hossein 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate the additional effect of vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) compared with the modified Epley procedure alone on residual dizziness after a successful modified Epley procedure in patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Method
In this cross-sectional analytical comparative study, 47 patients (35 women and 12 men) aged 18–80 years with posterior canal BPPV were randomly assigned to one of two following groups: the control group, who received the modified Epley procedure only, and the VRT group, who received the modified Epley procedure plus vestibular rehabilitation for 4 weeks. Outcome measures, including the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the Vertigo Symptom Scale–Long Version (VSS-L), and the Vertigo Symptom Scale–Short Form (VSS-SF), were conducted on the same session before initial therapy (T1), at 48 hr later (T2), and at 4 weeks later (T3). Presence or absence of residual dizziness was evaluated at T2.

Results
Residual dizziness was found in 20 (42.6%) patients after a successful modified Epley procedure. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean DHI, VSS-L, and VSS-SF scores at T1, T2, and T3 in patients who manifested with residual dizziness and those without residual dizziness in both groups. The average DHI, VSS-L, and VSS-SF score reduced during the time in both groups. These results were demonstrated that the VRT group and the control group have similar reductions in symptoms after treatment with the VRT plus modified Epley procedure and the modified Epley procedure only, respectively.

Conclusions
Residual dizziness is a common condition after a successful modified Epley procedure for BPPV. The VRT plus modified Epley procedure is as effective as modified Epley procedure alone in the management of residual dizziness. Further studies with supervised and customized VRT and longer follow-up periods are needed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14825508
Astrometric radial velocities for nearby stars
Authors: Lindegren Lennart , Dravins Dainis 
Published: June 2021

Context. Under certain conditions, stellar radial velocities can be determined from astrometry, without any use of spectroscopy. This enables us to identify phenomena, other than the Doppler effect, that are displacing spectral lines.
Aims. The change of stellar proper motions over time (perspective acceleration) is used to determine radial velocities from accurate astrometric data, which are now available from the Gaia and HIPPARCOS missions.
Methods. Positions and proper motions at the epoch of HIPPARCOS are compared with values propagated back from the epoch of the Gaia Early Data Release 3. This propagation depends on the radial velocity, which obtains its value from an optimal fit assuming uniform space motion relative to the solar system barycentre.
Results. For 930 nearby stars we obtain astrometric radial velocities with formal uncertainties better than 100 km s−1; for 55 stars the uncertainty is below 10 km s−1, and for seven it is below 1 km s−1. Most stars that are not components of double or multiple systems show good agreement with available spectroscopic radial velocities.
Conclusions. Astrometry offers geometric methods to determine stellar radial velocity, irrespective of complexities in stellar spectra. This enables us to segregate wavelength displacements caused by the radial motion of the stellar centre-of-mass from those induced by other effects, such as gravitational redshifts in white dwarfs.
Tageshospize – wichtige organisatorische und grundlegende versorgungsrelevante Aspekte aus der Perspektive von Patienten und Angehörigen
Authors: Kaiser Ulrich , Vehling-Kaiser Ursula , Hoffmann Ana , Grube Matthias , Kaiser Florian 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Tageshospize stellen einen neuen Baustein der palliativmedizinischen Versorgung dar. Daten zu organisatorischen und grundlegenden versorgungsrelevanten Aspekten liegen kaum vor. Diese sollen nun aus Sicht von Patienten und Angehörigen erhoben werden.
Methodik In einer schriftlichen Umfrage unter 209 Palliativpatienten und 105 Angehörigen an drei onkologischen Zentren wurden erste Eindrücke zum Bedarf und zur Planungsumsetzung von Tageshospizen ermittelt.
Ergebnisse 81 % (n = 169) der Patienten und 75 % (n = 79) der Angehörigen erwarteten einen Benefit durch den Besuch von Tageshospizen. Öffnungszeiten wurden v. a. wochentags von 7:00–19:00 Uhr präferiert. 39 % (n = 41) der Angehörigen fühlten sich durch die Patientenpflege zeitweise überlastet, 80 % (n = 84) gingen von einer Entlastung durch ein Tageshospiz aus.
Schlussfolgerung Tageshospize könnten aus Sicht von Patienten und Angehörigen die palliativmedizinische Versorgung sinnvoll ergänzen. Der Bedarf scheint v. a. unter der Woche zu den Hauptarbeitszeiten zu liegen.
Impact of Resident-Led Small-Group Learning Sessions on Preclinical Students' Perceptions of Ophthalmology
Authors: Sorab Priya , Benza Andrew R. , Patterson Ian T. , Kelly Lisa D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Resident physicians have a significant role in the education of medical students, and limited research has demonstrated that positive interactions with residents are linked with enhanced students’ perceptions of a specialty. Minimal research on residents as teachers has been done in ophthalmology, and no research has examined the impact of residents as teachers on the perceptions of preclinical students. This is an important area of interest because ophthalmology conducts an early match. The competitiveness of the field increases the importance of early involvement in research and clinical activities. This study aimed to assess the role of a resident-led workshops as a vehicle for exposing preclinical students to ophthalmology.
Methods A 2-hour workshop on the Ophthalmology Clinical Skills was held at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine in November 2018. The workshop was conducted by seven ophthalmology residents, and the learners were 15 first-year and 11 second-year medical students. The workshop format consisted of a 30-minute introductory lecture on the field of ophthalmology, followed by a 60-minute small-group clinical skills’ session focusing on direct ophthalmoscopy and slit lamp examination. Preworkshop and postworkshop surveys were administered to the medical students, and Student’s paired sample t-test was used to assess the differences in responses before and after the workshop.
Results Students’ average interest in ophthalmology rose (p = 0.049) as did their likeliness to approach a resident for career advice (p = 4.65 × 10−6) and their likeliness to attend the Secrets of the Match Lunch talk, a yearly talk held by a student matched into ophthalmology (p = 0.002).
Conclusion These results suggest that resident intervention can have a positive impact on preclinical students’ perceptions of ophthalmology and may be a good educational strategy to foster their positive attitudes toward the field.
Facial Nerve Reconstruction with Free Vascularized Composite Nerve Flap from Intrapetrous Portion to Terminal Branches—Case Report
Authors: Cavadas Pedro C. , Baklinska Magdalena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe case presented here is a delayed reconstruction of a facial nerve defect after radical parotidectomy without a useful nerve stump at the stylomastoid foramen. A composite free flap was used to reconnect the nerve’s intrapetrous portion to the peripheral branches and reconstruct the soft-tissue deficit.
Effects of Laparoscopic Hartmann Reversal on Short-term Operative Outcomes Among Vietnamese Patients
Authors: Ung Viet Van , Huynh Bang Cong , Le Vinh Chi , Tran Dang Ngoc , Vo Trung Nguyen , Pham Tan Van , Nguyen Bac Hoang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The reestablishment of continuity after Hartmann operation is considered a major surgical procedure with high morbidity and mortality. The optimal interval time between the Hartman procedure and reversal is controversial. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic Hartmann reversal and to determine the optimal timing of operation.
Methods All patients who underwent laparoscopic Hartmann reversal from 2008 to 2019 (11 years) at the University Medical Center (UMC) in Ho Chi Minh City were recruited and divided into 2 groups according to the interval time (≤ 4 or > 4 months). The short-term operative outcomes of these groups were compared.
Results There were 66 patients who underwent laparoscopic Hartmann reversal (mean age: 63.2 years old); ∼ 77% of them had colorectal cancer, and 17% had complicated diverticular disease. The mortality rate, anastomotic leakage rate, and overall complication rate were 0%, 1.5%, and 13.2%, respectively. Early operation was performed in 36 patients, and late reversal in 28 patients. There was no difference in mortality, anastomotic leakage, operative complications, and hospital stay between the two groups.
Conclusion Laparoscopic Hartmann reversal was effective with acceptable morbidity and mortality at the UMC. There was no observed impact of the interval time between the Hartmann procedure and laparoscopic Hartmann reversal on the short-term operative outcomes.
The My Diabetes Care Patient Portal Intervention: Usability and Pre-Post Assessment
Authors: Martinez William , Hackstadt Amber J. , Hickson Gerald B. , Knoerl Thomas , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Wallston Kenneth A. , Elasy Tom A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background My Diabetes Care (MDC) is a novel, multifaceted patient portal intervention designed to help patients better understand their diabetes health data and support self-management. MDC uses infographics to visualize and summarize patients' diabetes health data, incorporates motivational strategies, and provides literacy level–appropriate educational resources.
Objectives We aimed to assess the usability, acceptability, perceptions, and potential impact of MDC.
Methods We recruited 69 participants from four clinics affiliated with Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Participants were given 1 month of access to MDC and completed pre- and post-questionnaires including validated measures of usability and patient activation, and questions about user experience.
Results Sixty participants completed the study. Participants' mean age was 58, 55% were females, 68% were Caucasians, and 48% had limited health literacy (HL). Most participants (80%) visited MDC three or more times and 50% spent a total of ≥15 minutes on MDC. Participants' median System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 78.8 [Q1, Q3: 72.5, 87.5] and significantly greater than the threshold value of 68 indicative of “above average” usability (p < 0.001). The median SUS score of patients with limited HL was similar to those with adequate HL (77.5 [72.5, 85.0] vs. 82.5 [72.5, 92.5]; p = 0.41). Participants most commonly reported the literacy level–appropriate educational links and health data infographics as features that helped them better understand their diabetes health data (65%). All participants (100%) intended to continue to use MDC. Median Patient Activation Measure® scores increased postintervention (64.3 [55.6, 72.5] vs. 67.8 [60.6, 75.0]; p = 0.01).
Conclusion Participants, including those with limited HL, rated the usability of MDC above average, anticipated continued use, and identified key features that improved their understanding of diabetes health data. Patient activation improved over the study period. Our findings suggest MDC may be a beneficial addition to existing patient portals.
Imaging in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: van de Stadt Stephanie I.W. , Huffnagel Irene C. , Turk Bela R. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Engelen Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for the detection of cerebral lesions in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). ALD is one of the most common peroxisomal disorders and is characterized by a defect in degradation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), resulting in accumulation of VLCFA in plasma and tissues. The clinical spectrum of ALD is wide and includes adrenocortical insufficiency, a slowly progressive myelopathy in adulthood, and cerebral demyelination in a subset of male patients. Cerebral demyelination (cerebral ALD) can be treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) but only in an early (pre- or early symptomatic) stage and therefore active MRI surveillance is recommended for male patients, both pediatric and adult. Although structural MRI of the brain can detect the presence and extent of cerebral lesions, it does not predict if and when cerebral demyelination will occur. There is a great need for imaging techniques that predict onset of cerebral ALD before lesions appear. Also, imaging markers for severity of myelopathy as surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials would facilitate drug development. New quantitative MRI techniques are promising in that respect. This review focuses on structural and quantitative imaging techniques—including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, MR perfusion imaging, magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and myelin water fraction imaging—used in ALD and their role in clinical practice and research opportunities for the future.
Perturbative correction to the adiabatic approximation for (d, p) reactions
Authors: Moschini L , Timofeyuk N K , Johnson R C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The adiabatic distorted wave approximation (ADWA) is widely used by the nuclear community to analyse deuteron stripping (d, p) experiments. It provides a quick way to take into account an important property of the reaction mechanism: deuteron breakup. In this work we provide a numerical quantification of a perturbative correction to this theory, recently proposed in Johnson (2014 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.
41 094005) for separable rank-one nucleon–proton potentials. The correction involves an additional, nonlocal, term in the effective deuteron–target ADWA potential in the entrance channel. We test the calculations with perturbative corrections against continuum-discretized coupled channel predictions which treat deuteron breakup exactly.
Variability of zooplankton in surrounding five small islands of Kotania Bay, Western Seram, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Huliselan N V , Tuapattinaja M A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted on March, July and October 2017 in Kotania Bay at 6 fixed stations surrounding five small islands namely Island of Marsegu, Osi, Burung, Buntal, Tatumbu and station off the coast. Those islands have a complexity of biological communities, such as, on Marsegu, Osi, Buntal and Burung, were dominated by mangrove, seagrass and coral reef communities. While the island of Tatumbu dominated by the community of mangrove and seagrass. This bay is a very potential and has considerable fisheries resources. Zooplankton organism were collected by towing zooplankton net horizontally and the samples were preserved using formaldehyde. Zooplankton abundance showed the peak abundance at station of Marsegu (2297 ind m -3), it was in the third period and the lowest was at the station of Osi, and it was during the first period (52 ind m -3). The zooplankton composition was highest during the third period (21 genera) at off-coast station, while the lowest was in the first period and second period (10 genera) at station Osi and station Burung, respectively. The highest similarity indices were between stations off-coast and Buntal at the value of 93.02% and the lowest was between station Buntal and Marsegu (61.90%). There were no correlations between the abundant of zooplankton and the hydrology parameters such as DO, temperature, salinity, pH and water clarity. However, the positive significant correlation between composition and the hydrological parameters during the first and third period (R2=0.53 and 0.65 respectively). It highlighted the differences in composition and abundance of zooplankton figured out the type of waters of those islands during period of study.