bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of B‐complex vitamins and olfactory training for treating COVID‐19–related anosmia
Authors: Vityala Yethindra , Kadyrova Aliya , Zhumabaeva Shirin , Bazarbaeva Aizhan , Mamatov Sagynali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 42‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. His symptoms improved 2 weeks after lopinavir therapy (800 mg/day). However, he was subsequently diagnosed with complete anosmia. Magnetic resonance brain imaging showed no abnormalities. We prescribed B‐complex vitamins and olfactory training. Forty days later, he recovered.
Flue‐cured tobacco response to sublethal rates of glufosinate
Authors: Vann Matthew , Johnson Virginia Alice , Jordan David , Fisher Loren , Edmisten Keith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlufosinate is a broad‐spectrum, contact herbicide that is currently applied to genetically engineered row crops that tolerate exposure to the compound. Flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is susceptible to glufosinate, yet it is commonly grown in close proximity to tolerant crops in North Carolina. The impact of glufosinate drift on flue‐cured tobacco is not known. Research was conducted in North Carolina to test the effects of sublethal rates of glufosinate (0.270, 0.135, 0.067, 0.034, 0.017 lb a.i. acre–1) on flue‐cured tobacco injury, yield, visual quality, financial value, and leaf chemistry. Simulated drift was imposed approximately 5 wk after transplanting. Visual injury increased with exposure rate and ranged from 15 to 83% and from 10 to 83% 1 and 2 wk after treatment, respectively. Cured leaf yield was reduced by 45% at the highest sublethal exposure rate and exhibited a linear decline of 47 lb acre–1 for every 0.01 lb glufosinate acre–1. Visual quality and per acre financial value were not affected by glufosinate, most likely due to the loss of necrotic tissue and late‐season plant growth compensation. Residues of glufosinate in green and cured leaves were likewise not detected. Producers and commercial applicators should exercise caution when applying glufosinate around flue‐cured tobacco because of the injury and yield loss that can result from physical spray drift, as well as the inability to sell tobacco that has been exposed to a pesticide that is not labeled for application.
“Four‐in‐One” Nanozyme and Natural Enzyme Symbiotic System of Cu2‐xSe−GOx for Cervical Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hu Yubo , Wang Ke , Ye Cong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCervical cancer, as a common malignant tumor of the reproductive system, seriously threatens women‘s life and health, and is difficult to be cured by traditional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Fortunately, tumor microenvironment (TME)‐activated catalytic therapy with high efficiency and reduced off‐target toxicity has emerged as a novel treatment model. Herein, we designed a “four‐in‐one” nanozyme and natural enzyme symbiotic system of Cu2‐xSe−GOx for TME‐triggered cascaded catalytic enhanced cancer treatment. In response to unique TME, Cu2‐xSe with catalase activity could effectively catalyze over‐expressed H2O2 in cancer cells into O2. Subsequently, the glucose oxidase (GOx) could deplete intracellular glucose with the assistance of O2; this not only achieves starvation therapy, but also regenerates H2O2 to boost the generation of highly cytotoxic .OH due to the peroxidase activity of Cu2‐xSe. Moreover, although the free‐radical scavenger glutathione (GSH) is overexpressed in tumor cells, Cu2‐xSe with glutathione oxidase activity could effectively consume GSH for enhanced ROS production. Thus, the “four‐in‐one” nanozyme@natural enzyme symbiotic system of Cu2‐xSe−GOx could induce significant ROS accumulation at the tumor regions, thus providing a potential approach for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Buchwald‐Hartwig Amination of Coordinating Heterocycles Enabled by Large‐but‐Flexible Pd‐BIAN‐NHC Catalysts**
Authors: Li Dong‐Hui , Lan Xiao‐Bing , Song A‐Xiang , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Xu Chang , Huang Fei‐Dong , Szostak Roman , Szostak Michal , Liu Feng‐Shou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA new class of large‐but‐flexible Pd‐BIAN‐NHC catalysts (BIAN=acenaphthoimidazolylidene, NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) has been rationally designed to enable the challenging Buchwald‐Hartwig amination of coordinating heterocycles. This robust class of BIAN‐NHC catalysts permits cross‐coupling under practical aerobic conditions of a variety of heterocycles with aryl, alkyl, and heteroarylamines, including historically challenging oxazoles and thiazoles as well as electron‐deficient heterocycles containing multiple heteroatoms with BIAN‐INon (N,N′‐bis(2,6‐di(4‐heptyl)phenyl)‐7H‐acenaphtho[1,2‐d]imidazol‐8‐ylidene) as the most effective ligand. Studies on the ligand structure and electronic properties of the carbene center are reported. The study should facilitate the discovery of even more active catalyst systems based on the unique BIAN‐NHC scaffold.
Explaining the relational mechanisms and outcomes of multi‐modal leader–member‐exchange differentiation
Authors: Bruning Patrick F. , Alge Bradley J. , Jackson Christine L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch suggests that multi‐modal leader–member‐exchange (LMX) differentiation could be the most problematic pattern of differentiation. Therefore, we outline a conceptual model to explain how multi‐modal LMX differentiation can manifest as an LMX faultline—a special type of group faultline representing leader‐sourced social divides between a leader's preferred subgroup and nonpreferred subgroup(s) within a specified collective. LMX faultlines have dimensions of perceived multi‐modal LMX differentiation as well as faultline potency components of compositional diversity, unfairness of differentiation, and faultline agreement. We use LMX faultlines to explain how group members coalesce into subgroups based on concurrent forces of intra‐subgroup cohesion and inter‐subgroup polarization. Cohesion and polarization explain group‐level outcomes (coordination, performance, and viability), subgroup‐level insulation, and individual‐level outcomes (performance, well‐being, and conformity to the subgroup).
Fullerene Wires Assembled Inside Carbon Nanohoops
Authors: Yang Yong , Juríček Michal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCarbon‐nanohoop structures featuring one or more round‐shaped cavities represent ideal supramolecular hosts for spherical fullerenes, with potential to form host‐guest complexes that perform as organic semiconductors in the solid state. Due to the tight complexation between the shape‐complementary hosts and guests, carbon nanohoops have the potential to shield fullerenes from water and oxygen, known to perturb the electron‐transport process. Many nanohoop receptors have been found to form host‐guest complexes with fullerenes. However, there is only a little or no control over the long‐range order of encapsulated fullerenes in the solid state. Consequently, the potential of these complexes to perform as organic semiconductors is rarely evaluated. Herein, we present a survey of all known nanohoop‐fullerene complexes, for which the solid‐state structures were obtained. We discuss and propose instances where the inclusion fullerene guests form discrete supramolecular wires, which might open up possibilities for their use in electronic devices.
High summer macrophyte cover increases abundance, growth, and feeding of juvenile Atlantic salmon
Authors: Marsh Jessica E. , Lauridsen Rasmus B. , Gregory Stephen D. , Kratina Pavel , Scott Luke J. , Cooling Dave , Jones John Iwan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAquatic habitats are severely threatened by human activities. For anadromous species, managing freshwater habitats to maximize production of more, larger juveniles could improve resilience to threats in marine habitats and enhance population viability. In some juvenile salmonid habitats, complexity created by large substrates provides resources and reduces competitive interactions, thereby promoting juvenile production. In lowland rivers, which lack large substrates, aquatic plants might provide similar complexity and enhance fish productivity. To test the influence of aquatic plants on juvenile Atlantic salmon and sympatric brown trout in a lowland river, we directly manipulated the cover of the dominant macrophyte, Ranunculus, in nine sites during summer and autumn for two years. We quantified the abundance, site retention and growth of salmon and trout under high, medium or low Ranunculus cover. To investigate the effects of Ranunculus cover on feeding opportunities and interspecific competition, we quantified available prey biomass and body size, fish diet composition and compared dietary niche overlap. Experimentally increased Ranunculus cover supported higher salmon abundance in summer and autumn, and higher site retention and growth of salmon in summer. Trout abundance and growth were not influenced by Ranunculus cover, but trout site retention doubled in high, relative to low, cover sites. Despite the weak effects of Ranunculus cover on prey availability, salmon and trout inhabiting high cover sites consumed larger prey and a higher biomass of prey. Furthermore, dietary niche overlap was lower in high, relative to low, cover sites, suggesting that abundant Ranunculus reduced interspecific competition. This field experiment shows that high Ranunculus cover can support more and better growing juvenile salmon, and facilitate foraging and co‐existence of sympatric salmonid species. Maintaining or enhancing natural macrophyte cover can be achieved through sympathetic in‐river and riparian vegetation management and mitigating pressures on them, such as sediment inputs and low flows, or through planting. Further research should test whether macrophyte cover benefits propagate to subsequent life stages, particularly juvenile overwintering associated with high mortality. This knowledge, in combination with our findings, would further clarify whether beneficial juvenile habitat can improve the viability of at‐risk salmonid populations. Overall, our findings suggest that the aims of river restoration might be achieved through promotion of in‐stream aquatic vegetation.
Wetland hydropattern and vegetation greenness predict avian populations in Palo Verde, Costa Rica
Authors: Barchiesi Stefano , Alonso Alice , Pazmiño‐Hernandez Marco , Serrano‐Sandí Juan M. , Muñoz‐Carpena Rafael , Angelini Christine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany wetlands around the world that occur at the base of watersheds are under threat from land‐use change, hydrological alteration, nutrient pollution, and invasive species. A relevant measure of whether the ecological character of these ecosystems has changed is the species diversity of wetland‐dependent waterbirds, especially those of conservation value. Here, we evaluate the potential mechanisms controlling variability over time and space in avian species diversity of the wetlands in the Palo Verde National Park, a Ramsar Site of international importance in Costa Rica. To do so, we assessed the relative importance of several key wetland condition metrics (i.e., surface water depth, wetland extent, and vegetation greenness), and temporal fluctuations in these metrics, in predicting the abundance of five waterbirds of high conservation value as well as overall waterbird diversity over a 9‐yr period. Generalized additive models revealed that mean NDVI, an indicator of vegetation greenness, combined with a metric used to evaluate temporal fluctuations in the wetland extent best predicted four of the five waterbird species of high conservation value as well as overall waterbird species richness and diversity. Black‐bellied Whistling‐ducks, which account for over one‐half of all waterbird individuals, and all waterbird species together were better predicted by including surface water depth along with wetland extent and its fluctuations. Our calibrated species distribution model confidently quantified monthly averages of the predicted total waterbird abundances in seven of the 10 sub‐wetlands making up the Ramsar Site and confirmed that the biophysical diversity of this entire wetland system is important to supporting waterbird populations both as a seasonal refuge and more permanently. This work further suggests that optimizing the timing and location of ongoing efforts to reduce invasive vegetation cover may be key to avian conservation by increasing waterbird habitat.
Delusional intensity as a prognostic indicator among individuals with severe to extreme anorexia nervosa hospitalized at an acute medical stabilization program
Authors: De Young Kyle , Bottera Angeline , Kambanis Evelyna , Mancuso Christopher , Cass Kamila , Lohse Kristen , Benabe Jodie , Oakes Judy , Watters Ashlie , Johnson Craig , Mehler Philip 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveEating disorder‐related beliefs among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) often approach delusional intensity. Research to date on delusional beliefs in AN has been cross sectional. Thus, it is unknown how the intensity of delusional beliefs changes over time and if such change has prognostic value.MethodWe assessed 50 individuals with severe to extreme AN (≥18 years old; M [SD] body mass index =12.7[1.3] kg/m2) at an inpatient medical stabilization facility within 96 hr of admission; 35 (70%) also completed the assessment at discharge (M[SD] = 25.53[13.21] days). Participants completed the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale and a battery of self‐report measures of eating disorder‐related psychopathology.ResultsThe admission‐to‐discharge decrease in delusional intensity was not significant (p = .592; Hedges g = .10). Tests of predictive effects indicated that higher delusional intensity at intake predicted higher fear of fatness and restrictive eating, two hallmark features of AN, but not BMI, body checking, feared food avoidance, eating disorder‐related impairment, depression, binge eating, or purging behavior at discharge.DiscussionAlthough the delusional intensity of eating disorder beliefs did not significantly improve over this relatively brief interval, delusional intensity may be associated with the severity of central eating disorder attitudes and behaviors. Delusional intensity may therefore be a negative prognostic indicator, possibly warranting further treatment. Future research should examine changes in delusional intensity over longer intervals and test whether specifically targeting delusional beliefs improves treatment outcomes among individuals with AN.
Patch size drives colonization by aquatic insects, with minor priority effects of a cohabitant
Authors: Scott Reed C. , Pintar Matthew R. , Resetarits William J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPatch size is one of the most important factors affecting the distribution and abundance of species, and recent research has shown that patch size is an important niche dimension affecting community structure in aquatic insects. Building on this result, we examined the impact of patch size in conjunction with presence of larval anurans on colonization by aquatic insects. Hyla chrysoscelis (Cope's gray treefrog) larvae are abundant and early colonists in fishless lentic habitats, and these larvae can fill multiple ecological roles. By establishing larvae in mesocosms prior to colonization, we were able to assess whether H. chrysoscelis larvae have priority effects on aquatic insect assemblages. We conducted a series of three experiments in naturally colonized experimental landscapes to test whether (1) H. chrysoscelis larval density affects insect colonization, (2) variation in patch size affects insect colonization, and (3) the presence and larval density of H. chrysoscelis shift colonization of insects between patches of different size. Larval density independently had almost no effect on colonization, while patch size had species‐specific effects consistent with prior work. When larvae and patch size were tested in conjunction, patch size had numerous, often strong, species‐specific effects on colonization; larval density had effects largely limited to the assemblages of colonizing beetles and water bugs, with few effects on individual species. Higher larval densities in large mesocosms shifted some insect colonization to smaller patches, resulting in higher beta diversity among small patches in proximity to high density large mesocosms. This indicates establishing H. chrysoscelis larvae prior to insect colonization can likely create priority effects that slightly shape insect communities. Our results support the importance of patch size in studying species abundances and distributions and also indicate that colonization order plays an important role in determining the communities found within habitat patches.
Evidence of climate‐driven regime shifts in the Aegean Sea’s demersal resources: A study spanning six decades
Authors: Damalas Dimitrios , Sgardeli Vasiliki , Vasilakopoulos Paraskevas , Tserpes Georgios , Maravelias Christos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClimate change (CC) can alter the configuration of marine ecosystems; however, ecosystem response and resilience to change are usually case‐specific. The effect of CC on the demersal resources of the Aegean Sea (east Mediterranean Sea) was investigated during the past six decades applying a combination of multivariate analysis, non‐additive modeling and the Integrated Resilience Assessment (IRA) framework. We focused on the study of: (i) the biological “system” complex, using proxies of biomass (landings per unit of capacity) for 12 demersal taxa, and (ii) the environmental “stressor” complex, described by 12 abiotic variables. Pronounced changes have occurred in both the environmental and biological system over the studied period. The majority of the environmental stressors exhibited strikingly increasing trends (temperature, salinity, primary production indices) with values started exceeding the global historical means during late 1980s‐early 1990s. It is suggested that the biological system exhibited a discontinuous response to CC, with two apparently climate‐induced regime shifts occurring in the past 25 years. There is evidence for two‐fold bifurcations and four tipping points in the system, forming a folded stability landscape with three basins of attraction. The shape of the stability landscape for the Aegean Sea's biological system suggests that while the initial state (1966–1991) was rather resilient to CC, absorbing two environmental step‐changes, this was not the case for the two subsequent ones (intermediate: 1992–2002; recent: 2003–2016). Given the current trajectory of environmental change, it is highly unlikely that the biological system will ever return to its pre‐1990s state, as it is entering areas of unprecedented climatic conditions and there is some evidence that the system may be even shifting toward a new state. Our approach and findings may be relevant to other marine areas of the Mediterranean and beyond, undergoing climate‐driven regime shifts, and can assist to their adaptive management.
Propagule pressure and an invasion syndrome determine invasion success in a plant community model
Authors: Vedder Daniel , Leidinger Ludwig , Sarmento Cabral Juliano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe success of species invasions depends on multiple factors, including propagule pressure, disturbance, productivity, and the traits of native and non‐native species. While the importance of many of these determinants has already been investigated in relative isolation, they are rarely studied in combination. Here, we address this shortcoming by exploring the effect of the above‐listed factors on the success of invasions using an individual‐based mechanistic model. This approach enables us to explicitly control environmental factors (temperature as surrogate for productivity, disturbance, and propagule pressure) as well as to monitor whole‐community trait distributions of environmental adaptation, mass, and dispersal abilities. We simulated introductions of plant individuals to an oceanic island to assess which factors and species traits contribute to invasion success. We found that the most influential factors were higher propagule pressure and a particular set of traits. This invasion trait syndrome was characterized by a relative similarity in functional traits of invasive to native species, while invasive species had on average higher environmental adaptation, higher body mass, and increased dispersal distances, that is, had greater competitive and dispersive abilities. Our results highlight the importance in management practice of reducing the import of alien species, especially those that display this trait syndrome and come from similar habitats as those being managed.
Deuterium depletion in xylem water and soil isotopic effects complicate the assessment of riparian tree water sources in the seasonal tropics
Authors: Duvert Clément , Canham Caroline A. , Barbeta Adrià , Alvarez Cortes Diego , Chandler Lisa , Harford Andrew J. , Leggett Amie , Setterfield Samantha A. , Humphrey Chris L. , Hutley Lindsay B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRiparian trees located in seasonally dry environments may be reliant on groundwater supplies, but the prevalence and magnitude of groundwater uptake is often unclear. Using soil water matric potential and water stable isotopes, we examined the relative contributions of soil water and groundwater to the dry season water uptake of five riparian tree species along an intermittent river of tropical northern Australia. Because xylem water was depleted in deuterium relative to source water (average offset −14.0‰), we numerically removed this offset and assessed the effect of the correction on mixing model results. We also estimated the isotopic composition of unbound soil water (i.e., the portion of soil water not tightly bound to soil particles) from bulk soil water data by using an empirical formulation from the literature and tested whether considering unbound soil water as a source would affect our results. Despite the hot and dry surface environment, we found that soil moisture was available for trees at relatively shallow (~0.7–1.5 m) depths. When unbound soil water and corrected xylem water data were considered, most tree species used a combination of this soil moisture source and groundwater from the capillary fringe. However, not correcting for isotopic effects resulted in large underestimations of the groundwater contributions to tree water uptake. Our findings suggest that ignoring soil isotopic effects and deuterium depletion in xylem water may reduce the validity of source water partitioning assessments. Further research is needed on the likely causes for deuterium depletion in xylem water.