bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress impairs the Nur77-SIRT1 axis resulting in a decline in organism homeostasis during aging
Authors: Yu Yang , Song Xiaoyu , Ma Guojing , Zheng Lixia , Wang Xiaoxun , Chen Feng , Liu Tingting , Tian Huanlian , Xu Yingxi , Li Danni , Yang Fan , Cao Liu , Wang Difei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that protects against premature aging and cellular senescence. Aging that is accompanied by oxidative stress leads to a decrease in SIRT1 level and activity, but the regulatory mechanism that connects these events has remained unclear. Here we report that Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor that shares similar biological pathways with SIRT1, also decreases with age in multiple organs. Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that Nur77 and SIRT1 decrease during aging and oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence. Deletion of Nur77 shortens lifespan and accelerates the aging process in multiple mouse tissues. Overexpression of Nur77 protects SIRT1 protein from proteasome degradation through negative transcriptional regulation of the E3 ligase murine double minute 2 (MDM2). Our results show that Nur77 deficiency remarkably aggravates aging related nephropathy, and elucidate a key role for Nur77 in the stabilization of SIRT1 homeostasis during renal aging. We propose a model wherein reduction of Nur77 upon oxidative stress promotes SIRT1 protein degradation through MDM2, which triggers cellular senescence. This creates additional oxidative stress and provides positive feedback for premature aging by further decreasing Nur77 expression. Our findings reveal the mechanism of oxidative stress-reduced SIRT1 during aging and offer an attractive therapeutic strategy for targeting aging organism homeostasis.
Hormetic response and transcriptome profiling reveal the mechanism underlying metabolic and cuticular resistance to host-specific terpenoid defences in an emerging insect pest, Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Li Shouyin , Li Hui , Wang Jingting , Chen Cong , Hao Dejun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The resistance mechanisms evolved by insects to overcome host-plant allelochemicals are a key consideration in pest management. Camphor oil (EO) and its main component (i.e., D-camphor) form a specific terpenoid-defensive system in camphor trees, Cinnamomum camphora. However, an emerging insect pest, Pagiophloeus tsushimanus, has recently caused serious damage to this intractable plant species and is largely elusive. Here, we used feeding bioassays and RNA-seq to investigate the mechanism underlying the resistance of the beetle to host-specific terpenoid defences. First, a hormetic response in both larval weight and developmental time, which is a highly generalized dose-response phenomenon in toxicology but occurs infrequently in the context of insect-plant interactions, was observed in terpenoid-feeding individuals. Then, comparative transcriptome analysis between terpenoid-feeding and control groups indicated that both CYP450-mediated metabolic resistance and CP-mediated cuticular resistance were jointly employed to cope with terpenoid-induced stress. In addition, a small portion of genes involved in the glucose transport pathway were upregulated at the low D-camphor dose, suggesting that an extra intake of glucose used for larval growth may contribute to a hormetic response. These findings suggested that the dual terpenoid resistance mechanisms in this specialist are an essential precondition for the hormetic response in larval growth, ultimately contributing to the widespread successful colonization of host camphor trees. Overall, our study will open new avenues for understanding insect-plant coevolutionary adaptation and developing durable pest control strategies.
“Now we’ve all turned to Eating Processed Foods”: A Photovoice Study of the Food and Nutrition Security Implications of ‘Galamsey’ in Ghana
Authors: Nyantakyi-Frimpong Hanson , Christian Aaron Kobina , Ganle John , Aryeetey Richmond 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Small-scale mining, referred to as galamsey in Ghana, is an important source of income for many rural populations. Although concerns have been raised in the media about the significant threats galamsey poses to the environment, health, and livelihoods, there is a representational paucity of evidence regarding its links with local food systems, particularly from the perspective of affected mining communities. The current study explored community perceptions and experiences of galamsey and its perceived effects on food security and livelihoods in the East Akyem Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana. Primary data was collected using photovoice, photo exhibition, and interviews. Results show that galamsey has Resulted in degradation of, otherwise, fertile agricultural land, and contamination of freshwater sources. This has resulted in reduced cultivable land, reduced crop production, shortage of essential staple foods, increases in food prices, and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods. There is also perception of increased exposure to heavy metals like mercury in locally produced food. Given the adverse health consequences of both food/nutrition insecurity, and increased consumption of processed foods, it is important that public and policy discussions to minimize the effects of galamsey in Ghana should include considerations about food and nutrition insecurity in mining communities.
All-day uninterrupted power generator: Harvesting energy from the sun and cold space
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wu Zhenhua , Liu Zekun , Mu Erzhen , Liu Yang , Lv Yongbo , Thundat Thomas , Hu Zhiyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Harvesting energy from the environment to generate electricity is attracting tremendous interest to enrich the forms of energy utilization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate the global energy crisis1,2. However, achieving an unlimited and uninterrupted all-day power generation from the ambient energy is still challenging3. Herein, we demonstrate a passive power device to harvest energy from the sun and cold space based on micro-fabricated thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated with solar absorber (SA) and radiative cooling emitter (RCE) to realize continuous power generation form the ambient. The ultrathin TEG, that with a sensitivity of 10− 4 K achieved output power density of 960 W/m3 while heated to 80°C at room temperature. The solar absorber (SA) performs photothermal conversion to heat the TEG in the daytime4, while the radiative cooling emitter (RCE) radiates the heat to the cold space through the atmospheric window to cool the TEG all the clear day5,6. Our strategy provides a renewable and sustainable thermodynamic resource to build a temperature difference over TEG for all-day uninterrupted power generation for wide application scenarios. This is the first proof-of-principle uninterrupted power generation system independent of time on a small scale, and opportunities exist for environmental energy harvesting and electricity generation beyond traditional technologies.
Self-adaptively Commensal Learning-based Jaya Algorithm with Multi-populations and its Application
Authors: Xie Zuanjia , Zhang Chunliang , Ouyang Haibin , Li Steven , Gao Liqun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Jaya algorithm is an advanced optimization algorithm, which has been applied to many real-world optimization problems. Jaya algorithm has better performance in some optimization field. However, Jaya algorithm exploration capability is not better. In order to enhance exploration capability of the Jaya algorithm, a self-adaptively commensal learning-based Jaya algorithm with multi-populations (Jaya-SCLMP) is presented in this paper. In Jaya-SCLMP, a commensal learning strategy is used to increase the probability of finding the global optimum, in which the person history best and worst information is used to explore new solution area. Moreover, a multi-populations strategy based on Gaussian distribution scheme and learning dictionary is utilized to enhance the exploration capability, meanwhile every sub-population employed three Gaussian distributions at each generation, roulette wheel selection is employed to choose a scheme based on learning dictionary. The performance of Jaya-SCLMP is evaluated based on 28 CEC 2013 unconstrained benchmark problems. In addition, three reliability problems, i.e. complex (bridge) system, series system and series-parallel system are selected. Compared with several Jaya variants and several state-of-the-art other algorithms, the experimental results reveal that Jaya-SCLMP is effective.
Vitamin D insufficiency is high in Malaysia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on vitamin D status in Malaysia
Authors: Saffian Shamin Mohd , Jamil Nor Aini , Tahir Nor Asyikin Mohd , Hatah Ernieda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system and many non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency for the overall population of Malaysia is unknown. This study systematically reviewed and pooled studies that report vitamin D status from participants residing in Malaysia. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and MyJurnal were searched up to June 2021 without language restrictions. We include studies that reported the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and defined their cut-off for deficiency or insufficiency from healthy participants residing in Malaysia. Random effects model was used to pool vitamin D status using established cut-offs of < 30nmol/L, < 50nmol/L, and < 75nmol/L according to age group. We identified 203 studies, of which we included 31 studies in the meta-analysis. The pooled proportion for < 30nmol/L was 21% (95% CI 9–36, n = 2,438 from 10 studies), while the pooled proportion < 50nmol/L was 64% (95% CI 55–72, n = 13,927 from 29 studies), and < 75nmol/L was 85% (95% CI 61–100, n = 1,376 from 5 studies). Heterogeneity was high (I² ranged from 98–99%). Higher proportions of vitamin D insufficiency (defined as < 50nmol/L) were found in participants living in the urban areas (compared to rural areas), in females (compared to males), and in Malays and Malaysian Indians (compared to Malaysian Chinese) ethnicities. In conclusion, vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent in Malaysia, despite being a country that is close to the equator. We strongly urge prompt public health measures to improve the vitamin D status in Malaysia.
Optical and electrical properties of Ti-doped In2O3 film deposited on flexible transparent substrates by ion beam assisted deposition under different oxygen flow rate
Authors: Chansri Pakpoom , Pooyodying Pattarapon , Sung Youl Moon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A flexible transparent is an important technology to improve flexible electronic and flexible display devices. Actually, the deposition process of films coated on a flexible substrate will no more than 200 °C or room temperature. In order to achieve high transmission and lower resistivity, this paper reported the thin films of ITiO deposited by ion beam-assisted electron beam under the condition of different oxygen flow rates at room temperature. The electrical, optical, and morphological properties of ITiO films were investigated under the condition of different oxygen flow rates. At the 30 sccm oxygen flow rate, the surface roughness was 5.4 nm, high transmittance and optical bandgap of ITiO films were 89.2% at 470 nm wavelengths and 3.28 eV, respectively. The lowest resistivity of film was 2.1 × 10-4 Ω-cm at 30 sccm oxygen flow rate. Furthermore, the carrier concentration and hall mobility were experimentally investigated, which presented by 42.8 cm2/Vsec and 9.23 × 1020 cm-3. The use ITiO film coated on a flexible substrate with ion beam-assisted electron beam evaporation at room temperature can improve the lower resistivity and high transmission of the flexible device. It was also demonstrated that ITiO film with ion beam-assisted deposition technique is suitable for flexible electronic and flexible display devices.
Role of temperature, seedling-age and soil moisture on collar rot disease in lentil caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and identification of resistance sources
Authors: Roy Anirban , Das Camellia , Sagolsem Diana , Ghose Dhriti , Murmu Sumit K , Sarkar Moutushi , Panja Birendra Nath , Nath Rajib , Tripathi Kuldeep , Bhattacharyya Prabir K , Bhattacharyya Somnath 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Collar rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii attacks lentils at the seedling stage and reduces plant population considerably in the field. Although soil moisture and temperature influence disease development much, no concrete attempts to find the optimum level of moisture, temperature, and seedling age have been made in lentils. Here, we identified optimum soil moisture, temperature, and seedling age that allow successful infection by S. rolfsii and maximum seedling mortality in a controlled environment inside a plant growth chamber. Screening of one hundred and ninety genotypes for two consecutive years in the field identified some resistant genotypes. Ten genotypes were selected from earlier screening and further evaluated in sick plots at two different locations with different pH for three consecutive years. About 80% variation in disease resistance was due to genotypes, and minor infection of collar rot disease was observed in acidic lateritic soil than in neutral alluvial soil. Furthermore, low mycelial load in a selected resistant genotype was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR using an S. rolfsii specific primer pair. The identified resistant genotypes will be helpful to breeding collar rot resistant cultivars and mapping disease resistance. In addition, the study improves the understanding of the development of collar rot disease, which is critical for expanding the area under cultivation in Asia, especially in rice fallows.
Recent Developments in the Practical Application of Novel Carboxylic Acid Bioisosteres
Authors: Horgan Conor , O’Sullivan Timothy P. 
Published: August 2021

Background:The carboxylic acid moiety is an important functional group which features in the pharmacophore of some 450 drugs. Unfortunately, some carboxylic acid-containing drugs have been withdrawn from market due to unforeseen toxicity issues. Other issues associated with the carboxylate moiety include reduced metabolic stability or limited passive diffusion across biological membranes. Medicinal chemists often turn to bioisosteres to circumvent such obstacles.Objective:The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the various applications of novel carboxylic acid bioisosteres which have appeared in the literature since 2013.Results:We have summarised the most recent developments in carboxylic acid bioisosterism. In particular, we focus on the changes in bioactivity, selectivity or physicochemical properties brought about by these substitutions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each isostere.Conclusion:The topics discussed herein highlight the continued interest in carboxylate bioisosteres. The development of novel carboxylic acid substitutes which display improved pharmacological profiles is a testament to the innovation and creativity required to overcome the challenges faced in modern drug design.
Cordycepin as a Promising Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent
RNA Polymerase (RdRp)
Authors: Bibi Shabana , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Wang Yuan-Bing , Papadakos Stavros P. , Yu Hong 
Published: August 2021

Background:
SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in Wuhan, China, is a new global
threat that has killed millions of people and continues to do so. This pandemic has not only
threatened human life but has also triggered economic downturns across the world. Researchers
have made significant strides in discovering molecular insights into SARSCoV-
2 pathogenesis and developing vaccines, but there is still no successful cure for
SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Objective:
The present study has proposed a drug-repositioning pipeline for the design
and discovery of an effective fungal-derived bioactive metabolite as a drug candidate
against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:
Fungal derivative “Cordycepin” was selected for this study to investigate the
inhibitory properties against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (PDB ID: 6M71)
of SARS-CoV-2. The pharmacological profile, intermolecular interactions, binding energy,
and stability of the compound were determined utilizing cheminformatic approaches.
Subsequently, molecular dynamic simulation was performed to better understand the
binding mechanism of cordycepin to RdRp.

Results:
The pharmacological data and retrieved molecular dynamics simulations trajectories
suggest excellent drug-likeliness and greater structural stability of cordycepin,
while the catalytic residues (Asp760, Asp761), as well as other active site residues
(Trp617, Asp618, Tyr619, Trp800, Glu811) of RdRp, showed better stability during the
overall simulation span.

Conclusion:
Promising results of pharmacological investigation along with molecular
simulations revealed that cordycepin exhibited strong inhibitory potential against SARSCoV-
2 polymerase enzyme (RdRp). Hence, cordycepin should be highly recommended to
test in a laboratory to confirm its inhibitory potential against the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase
enzyme (RdRp).
Predicting Prolonged Apnea During Nurse-Administered Procedural Sedation: Machine Learning Study
Authors: Conway Aaron , Jungquist Carla R , Chang Kristina , Kamboj Navpreet , Sutherland Joanna , Mafeld Sebastian , Parotto Matteo 
Published: August 2021

Background
Capnography is commonly used for nurse-administered procedural sedation. Distinguishing between capnography waveform abnormalities that signal the need for clinical intervention for an event and those that do not indicate the need for intervention is essential for the successful implementation of this technology into practice. It is possible that capnography alarm management may be improved by using machine learning to create a “smart alarm” that can alert clinicians to apneic events that are predicted to be prolonged.

Objective
To determine the accuracy of machine learning models for predicting at the 15-second time point if apnea will be prolonged (ie, apnea that persists for >30 seconds).

Methods
A secondary analysis of an observational study was conducted. We selected several candidate models to evaluate, including a random forest model, generalized linear model (logistic regression), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, ridge regression, and the XGBoost model. Out-of-sample accuracy of the models was calculated using 10-fold cross-validation. The net benefit decision analytic measure was used to assist with deciding whether using the models in practice would lead to better outcomes on average than using the current default capnography alarm management strategies. The default strategies are the aggressive approach, in which an alarm is triggered after brief periods of apnea (typically 15 seconds) and the conservative approach, in which an alarm is triggered for only prolonged periods of apnea (typically >30 seconds).

Results
A total of 384 apneic events longer than 15 seconds were observed in 61 of the 102 patients (59.8%) who participated in the observational study. Nearly half of the apneic events (180/384, 46.9%) were prolonged. The random forest model performed the best in terms of discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.66) and calibration. The net benefit associated with the random forest model exceeded that associated with the aggressive strategy but was lower than that associated with the conservative strategy.

Conclusions
Decision curve analysis indicated that using a random forest model would lead to a better outcome for capnography alarm management than using an aggressive strategy in which alarms are triggered after 15 seconds of apnea. The model would not be superior to the conservative strategy in which alarms are only triggered after 30 seconds.
The Relevance of Defined Daily Dose concept in Drug Utilisation Research: A Review
Authors: Baiju Agnus , Jacob Rosmin , Krishnakumar K. 
Published: August 2021

According to World Health Organisation (WHO), drug utilisation is defined as the marketing, distribution, prescription and the use of drugs in society with special focus on resulting medical, social and economic consequences and it has turned into a powerful scientific tool for ensuring the rational and cost-effective use of drugs. A standard method is required to identify and aggregate drug data. This manuscript provides an overview of the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and the associated measure, Defined Daily Dose (DDD), as a methodology for evaluating drug utilisation.
Keywords: Drug utilisation research, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system, Defined Daily Dose, Rational drug use.
A Review on Modern Use of Intranasal Vaccination in the Treatment of SARS-COV-2
Authors: Shah Saumi Saurin , Patel Charmi Mahendrakumar , Patel Dhrumi Hiteshbhai , Vadgama Prapti Hiteshkumar , Patel Manan , Trivedi Riddhi 
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for efficient SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preventative vaccines to limit the burden and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Intranasal immunization is a promising technique for preventing COVID-19 because the nasal mucosa acts as a first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 entrance before the virus spreads to the lungs. Nasal vaccination has many advantages over traditional vaccine administration methods. These include the simplicity of administration without the use of needles, which decreases the risks of needle stick injuries and disposal. This channel also provides simple access to a crucial portion of the immune system that can stimulate other mucosal sites throughout the body. By targeting immunoglobulin A (IgA), antibodies found only in the mucosa, an intranasal vaccination would elicit immunological responses in the nose, throat, and lungs. Potential pathogens are trapped by the mucosa, which acts as a physical barrier to prevent them from entering the body. Given this, the intranasal vaccine would prevent virus transmission via exhaled droplets or aerosols because there would be no virus in the body to expel .There are several intranasal vaccines for protection against sars-cov2 are under preclinical and clinical trials .The key challenge is in Designing delivery strategies that take into account the wide range of diseases, populations, and healthcare delivery settings that stand to benefit from this unique mucosal route should be prioritized.
Keywords: COVID-19, Intranasal vaccine, Immunoglobulin A, Permeation