bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Configuring Taiwan’s Architectural Extensions
Authors:   , Yang Robinson 
Published: December 2021

<p>Amongst Taipei’s contemporary urban skyline of skyscrapers sits a secondary layer of prolific informal structures latching onto the existing modernist infrastructures of Taiwan, most prominently multistorey residential buildings. These structures resolve the spatial issue of the urban environment on the surface level and communicate a certain expression of Taiwan’s way of life, but just as importantly, they serve as a critique of modernist standards and homogeneous space. This phenomenon is the result of the absence of planning and declaration of martial law under the KMT’s rule of Taiwan from 1949-1987. During this time, all top-down plans were reduced to one objective—to take over from China and return to the mainland (Illegal Taipei). During this time the government was negligent about these unrestrained developments in the city. In a 2011 exhibition titled “Illegal Architecture” Taiwanese architect, Ying-Chun Hsieh expressed a distinct view of this period. He wrote: Fortunately, while the government was concentrating itself on regaining the possession of mainland China and on promoting populism, which made it weak, people were given a chance to breathe. Their creativity was released, and fabulous urban life finally arose in Taipei… (Ching-Yueh) In recent years, the government has had a change of agenda; the demolitions of illegal extensions are now enforced and with it what has come to symbolise a Taiwanese’s way of life informed by decades of creative informal expansions and certain freedoms. Although government regulations emerge from safety concerns, this thesis argues that there is a superior procedure to overcome these issues without altering the culture: to create an architecture that references but does not imitate the context, therefore creating a new architectural language that retains the spirit of context and history of the everyday in Taiwan.</p>
Documentary reality television's privacy problem
Authors:   , Newman Kent 
Published: December 2021

<p>Documentary reality television is hugely successful. The genre, which includes shows like Police Ten 7, Coastwatch and Border Patrol, consistently outperforms other television formats and fills free-to-air television schedules. In these shows ride-along film crews and body-worn cameras record agencies as they go about their tasks. Often these agencies are public authorities and their tasks are statutory functions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the genre’s privacy implications. It concludes that the genre is systemically unlawful. It is unlawful because it breaches the privacy rights of involuntary participants. The paper considers the privacy implications by examining the genre against the shared features of the publication tort and the Privacy Broadcasting Standard. Both of these consider that it is a breach of privacy to broadcast material subject to a reasonable expectation of privacy, where that broadcast is highly offensive unless there is an applicable defence. While the material broadcast represents the work of agencies, it also represents the personal stories of everyday people going about their lives. Often the moments captured are significant life events and intimate moments for those people. By agreeing to contribute to the genre, agencies agree to broadcast these life events without the active involvement of the participants. Research has also found that this is often occurring without informed consent. While the focus of this paper is on the private law implications of the genre, it identifies that some public authorities’ involvement in the genre may also be ultra vires. The paper finishes by considering why, if the genre is systemically unlawful, people are not suing. It considers that general issues with access to civil justice and the powers of the Broadcasting Standards Authority stand in the way of potential complainants. It finishes by considering some solutions that could improve the situation.</p>
The Cross Roads of Heritage
Authors:   , Dalgety Philippa 
Published: December 2021

<p>This research explores an approach for adaptive reuse to enhance livability and greater connection to place within provincial towns of New Zealand. There are existing buildings which are often left in disrepair or considered too expensive to refurbish or strengthen. They are often demolished with little consideration to the building’s significance, therefore adaptive reuse has become a missed opportunity in New Zealand. Many of our provincial cities have uninhabited large-scale buildings, which need upgrading due to being outdated and no longer fit for purpose. Seismic upgrading is a key factor in why these buildings are left uninhabited. One of the urban areas which this is prevalent is Whanganui. Whanganui has the opportunity to blend the old and the new built form to create a revitalized and timeless street appearance. The regeneration of Whanganui can be achieved through adaptive reuse to enhance the crafted beauty of the town through its architecture. The revitalization of Whanganui can give guidance to other provincial cities in New Zealand while enhancing the quality of life within the town. An in-depth analysis of the history of Whanganui, will allow for heritage significance to play a major role in the redesign. This design will be developed at three different scales to demonstrate how the built form can enhance connection to place and livability. These scales are at an urban, a built and a detailed scale. The main cross roads linking the city of Whanganui to its river is surrounded by character and historical buildings. It will be used as a key area illustrating Whanganui’s past to better inform the future.</p>
Mastering Maungawhau
Authors:   , Crawford Francesca 
Published: December 2021

<p>The Aotearoa (New Zealand) housing crisis and environmental shifts have inspired this thesis, which will address contemporary issues regarding Landscape Architecture, housing and urban design in Maungawhau (Mount Eden), Tāmaki-Makaurau (Auckland). Certain design decisions and some areas of local and national policy have restricted property development (or allowed poor development to occur). These developments have also limited infrastructural progress particularly in regard to sustainable urban planning strategies throughout Tāmaki-Makaurau in the past two decades in particular. The population of Tāmaki-Makaurau is rapidly growing, the 2018 census revealed a population increase of 11% in the past five years. Tāmaki-Makaurau is home to roughly 1.6million people, which is 1/3rd of Aotearoa‘s population. House prices reached an all-time high in 2016, causing major concern at a national level. To tackle these issues of improving sustainable infrastructure and high-density housing this thesis will create a design strategy which will form a new urban fabric for Eden Park. The Master Planning strategy will take a cross-disciplinary approach. Involving Landscape Architecture, elements or urbanism, architecture and hydrology. The landscape, and water sensitive design will be the key drivers in how the housing mosaic is formed. Eden Park will be used as a blank canvas site of 105,300m2. The applied design will evolve as the site challenges the aims of the thesis, methods will be tested and the project will adapt as the site develops, the implementation of precedent and methods will be displayed in the design development and final design. This will result in a robust Master Planning strategy. A detailed urban design strategy will be a solution to the challenges set out in the thesis statement. The design development for Eden Park will intertwine with the wider Maungawhau network, this will be displayed in the final design drawings. The wetland will aim to treat a larger catchment of the area of 1,026,130.33m2, this means that the wetland will need to be roughly 20,000m2 so that the total catchment can be treated by this artificial wetland at 2%. The design goal is to create a multi-layered high-density housing assemblage and mixed use space that will stand as an example of a contemporary water sensitive and high-density design in action. The final design will be strong, versatile, and have the potential to be developed and expanded into wider networks over time in regard to using similar design strategy. I envisage a successful landscape design framework as a tool that aims to design more cohesive, innovative, adaptive and local high-density urban plans, which will respond to the demands of a growing population, ever-changing environmental conditions, and overall enhance a better quality of life.</p>
"hey architect, ko wai hoki koe?" Decolonising mainstream placemaking in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors:   , Blundell Amelia 
Published: December 2021

<p>The colonising of Aotearoa, New Zealand has meant, for the most part, that decisions determining the past and future of our cultural landscapes are made by distant ‘experts’ within mainstream practices. Around the world, many Indigenous peoples remain resilient in defending their centuries-old knowledge and their inherent right to determine their own lives in the places around them. Although Indigenous placemaking is not new, it remains mostly unexplored and commonly misunderstood in Western theory and practice. As discussions of climate change, spatial and social justice intensify and inundate placemaking agendas, Indigenous placemaking emerges as much more than a box-to-tick, providing an entirely different ontological reality of what placemaking is and has the potential to be. This thesis examines the relationship between mainstream placemaking and contemporary Māori placemaking. It assesses decision-making mechanisms and power structures within mainstream practice, questioning how placemaking kaimahi can better recognise the different aspirations of whānau, hapū and iwi. This thesis sought to capture and highlight the essence of contemporary Māori placemaking in te whare tapu ō Ngāpuhi, the far north of Aotearoa, New Zealand. ĀKAU, a design and architecture firm that works with local taitamariki in Kaikohe provided the centre point and case study for the research. In addition to this, several interviews took place with design kaimahi working within Northland. This research found that the many place-keepers and place-makers of contemporary Māori placemaking create much more than built outcomes. It also highlighted significant opportunities for mainstream practice to transform how its practitioners and processes interact with our communities. This thesis demonstrates how mainstream methods of placemaking and professionals who prioritise rules over people and process, fail to be active treaty partners to contemporary Māori placemaking.</p>
Active Shift Attention Based Object Tracking System
Authors:   , Ajmal Aisha 
Published: December 2021

<p>The human vision system (HVS) collects a huge amount of information and performs a variety of biological mechanisms to select relevant information. Computational models based on these biological mechanisms are used in machine vision to select interesting or salient regions in the images for application in scene analysis, object detection and object tracking. Different object tracking techniques have been proposed often using complex processing methods. On the other hand, attention-based computational models have shown significant performance advantages in various applications. We hypothesise the integration of a visual attention model with object tracking can be effective in increasing the performance by reducing the detection complexity in challenging environments such as illumination change, occlusion, and camera moving. The overall objective of this thesis is to develop a visual saliency based object tracker that alternates between targets using a measure of current uncertainty derived from a Kalman filter. This thesis presents the results by showing the effectiveness of the tracker using the mean square error when compared to a tracker without the uncertainty mechanism. Specific colour spaces can contribute to the identification of salient regions. The investigation is done between the non-uniform red, green and blue (RGB) derived opponencies with the hue, saturation and value (HSV) colour space using video information. The main motivation for this particular comparison is to improve the quality of saliency detection in challenging situations such as lighting changes. Precision-Recall curves are used to compare the colour spaces using pyramidal and non-pyramidal saliency models.</p>
Assessing bird predation on New Zealand’s lizard fauna using lizard-mimicking replicas
Authors:   , Florence-Bennett Brittany 
Published: December 2021

<p>Wildlife management is fraught with challenges due to the complexities of community ecology. Interventions aimed at restoring ecosystems, or managing species, can have unintended negative outcomes for target species. The effect of avian predation on native lizard fauna in New Zealand is not clearly understood, despite birds being regarded as top predators within mammal-free ecosystems. At least thirty-one species of bird have been recorded preying on native lizards, but few studies have directly addressed avian predation on lizards, with the majority of evidence sourced from published anecdotes. New Zealand’s herpetofauna are already vulnerable due to range contractions resulting from mammalian predation and habitat loss, with 87% of New Zealand lizard species considered ‘At Risk’ or ‘Threatened’. Understanding the risks posed to lizards will help to inform successful management of vulnerable populations. I used lizard-mimicking replicas to identify and assess predation rates exerted by bird species on lizard populations within the Wellington region of New Zealand. I examined the use of lizard replicas as a tool to quantify predation by examining how birds interacted with replicas and comparing attack rates with novel items simultaneously placed in the field. I determined which bird species were preying on replicas, the extent of such predation, and whether site vegetation or daily weather influenced the probability of avian attack on replicas. Although attack frequency did not differ between novel items and lizard replicas, birds exhibited a realistic predatory response by preferentially attacking the head of lizard replicas. Interactions by birds with lizard-mimicking replicas cannot be confirmed as true predation attempts, but lizard replicas can nevertheless be used to quantify predation pressures exerted on lizard populations by opportunistic bird species. Seven ground-foraging bird species were found to attack lizard replicas. Two species, the pūkeko (Porphyrio melanotus melanotus) and southern black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus dominicanus), were identified as high impact species. The average predation risk experienced by lizard replicas varied greatly across environments, with 0 – 25% of replicas attacked daily at sites. Canopy cover and daily rainfall were not significant predictors, but potentially decreased the likelihood of replica attack. Predation risk varied for lizard replicas as a result of differing assemblages of bird predators at sites, and the presence and foraging behaviour of specific predatory birds. Predation by birds is likely to be an issue where predation pressure is high, or lizard populations are small, range restricted, or recovering from the presence of mammalian predators. When managing vulnerable lizard populations, managers should take into account the threats posed by avian predators so that lizard communities can recover successfully following the same trajectory as native birds.</p>
“It came from me” – Māori representation in Ramai Te Miha Hayward’s authorship
Authors:   , Smith Sian 
Published: December 2021

<p>Addressing the critical question of authorship in historical film, this thesis considers Ramai Te Miha Hayward’s works dealing with Māori and Pākehā intercultural representations. During a time when Māori in film were severely underrepresented, Te Miha Hayward prioritised Māori perspectives in The Arts of Maori Children (1962) and Eel History was a Mystery (1968), subversively critiquing the continuation of assimilationist integration policy. These contributions, and Te Miha Hayward’s extensive interviews and unpublished manuscripts, shed light on the change in intercultural representations between Rewi’s Last Stand (1940) and To Love a Maori (1972), feature films that entail romance narratives. Te Miha Hayward’s positionality is key to each chapter’s methodology, locating her voice in extensive primary and secondary materials.	This work challenges the debate around film’s value as a source of history, engaging at an intersection of disciplines. The analysis of Rewi’s Last Stand interprets its narrative text and Te Miha Hayward’s paratextual discussion through mana wāhine and kaupapa Māori theories. Such interpretation looks beyond the finished text, to Te Miha Hayward’s affirmation of its historical relevance. Connecting her work with the social realism genre, To Love a Maori’s dual narrative speaks to Māori and Pākehā audiences in different ways, further criticizing assimilation and Pākehā discrimination towards Māori. Navigating the issues of authorial ambiguity is central to locating Te Miha Hayward’s voice, thereby illuminating her authorship. Hence, I argue her contribution to Māori representation in film demonstrates her self-determination as a filmmaker.</p>
A Case For Student Housing: A holistic approach to student housing in the modern University learning environments
Authors:   , Swift Jordan 
Published: December 2021

<p>Learning and teaching methods in universities globally and in New Zealand are rapidly changing and adapting to technological advancements and virtual methods of information communication. As new research begins to shed a greater understanding of how we learn education providers are beginning to recognise that learning is a combination of active and passive events that occur both inside and outside the classroom. The idea that academic learning and personal development need to reinforce each other is changing the landscape of education. This brings to the forefront the question: what type of built environments can support and facilitate a more holistic learning suited to the evolving understanding of education and the needs of the future student? To understand this problem I have developed three sub-questions tackling unique aspects of student housing: 1) What should the relationship between the university learning environment and student housing be? 2) What built elements are suitable for modern student housing? 3) How can the social campus life be enhanced through a more integrated environment? These questions intend to establish a design outcome that caters to both the social needs of the student body, while also increasing the academic presence in students homes. This will be done through the examination of the importance of purpose-built student housing and the impact it has on their learning experiences. Furthermore, trends in modern student housing will be sampled in order to understand how the changing learning environment is altering the use of student living spaces. This will be important in the understanding of the rise of learning communities and their application to Wellington’s tertiary education sector.</p>
The Synthesis of Malonganenone Analogues for Antiparasitic Structure-Activity Relationship Analyses
Authors:   , Andreassend Sarah 
Published: December 2021

<p>The most lethal causative species of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, has been reported as developing resistance against current antimalarial drugs in South-East Asia. New antimalarial drugs, especially those with novel modes of action, need to be established before resistance spreads. The marine natural products malonganenones A, B, and C, isolated from the gorgonian Leptogorgia gilchristi, have recently been shown to inhibit P. falciparum parasite growth. Therefore, a library of malonganenone analogues were synthesised for structure activity relationship analysis. A range of purines, purinones, and pyrimidines were alkylated with simple terpenoid chains to generate malonganenone A and B analogues, while malonganenone C analogues were made by acetylation or formylation, then methylation of terpenoid amines. The compounds were moderately active against P. falciparum infected red blood cells, but exhibited significant activity against Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness. Off target activity was assessed by assay against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Steptococcus uberis and HeLa cells. The overall structureactivity relationship analysis resulted in the identification of lead candidate, geranylgeranyl imidazole (146), which had IC50 values of 10.2 μM and 3.4 μM against P. falciparum and T. brucei, respectively. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration of 146 against S. uberis and S. aureus was 16 – 32 μM and 128 μM, respectively. Compound 146 was inactive against E. coli and was also non-toxic to HeLa cells. In addition, a geometric mixture of E and Z isomers at the alkene closest to the imidazole head group was more active than just the E isomer as for 146, which suggested the Z isomer was more active than the E isomer. Therefore, the lead compound identified within this project was the 2Z isomer of geranylgeranyl imidazole.</p>
Towards Synthesis of Simplified Analogues of Pateamine A
Authors:   , Xu Tao 
Published: December 2021

<p>Pateamine A (22) is a natural product that was isolated from a marine sponge inhabiting the coast of New Zealand. It exhibits potent inhibition of protein synthesis and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay through binding with eIF4A isoforms. Due to the scarcity of pateamine A (22) in the natural source and the low yield of total synthesis of pateamine A, it is necessary to prepare structurally simplified analogues which would allow further research on structure-activity relationships (SAR) of pateamine A (22). Based on the structure-activity relationship studies reported by Romo and co-workers, a simplified triazole analogue 182 lacking methyl groups was synthesized by Hemi Cumming, a previous Ph.D. student who studied at Victoria University of Wellington. The antiproliferative activity of this analogue was found to be significantly lower than that of pateamine A, suggesting that the thiazole embedded within the molecule or the excised methyl groups are crucial for its potency. Therefore, to further explore the necessary features for its selective activity for eIF4A isoforms, new thiazole analogues 183 – 186 and triazole analogues (10S)-and (10R)-analogue 187 were targeted in this project. The preparation of the thiazole-containing macrocyclic core of analogues 183 and 184 was achieved. It features: (1) gold-catalysed thiazole formation through coupling between an alkyne fragment and a thioamide fragment; (2) preparation of the Z,E-dienoate moiety by base-induced ring-opening of a δ-substituted-α, β-unsaturated lactone; and (3) a modified Mukaiyama macrolactonisation. The synthesis of the triazole-containing macrocyclic core of (10S)-analogue 187 was completed. It features: (1) a copper-catalysed triazole formation through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an alkyne fragment and an azide fragment; (2) preparation of the Z,E-dienoate moiety by base-induced ring-opening of δ-substituted-α, β-unsaturated lactone; and (3) a modified Mukaiyama macrolactonisation. Studies on the preparation of a side-chain fragment with suitable functionalities to allow coupling with the various macrocycles through olefination reactions were also conducted. The attachment of the side-chain fragment onto the macrocyclic cores for the synthesis of the targeted analogues 183 and 184 and (10S)-analogue 187 will be investigated in future work. These experimental results will inform the synthesis of new generation analogues to further study the key structures required for effective binding to the protein target eIF4A and selectivity between isoforms.</p>