bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuation between cigarette smoking and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems: Impact on clozapine concentrations and clinical effect
Authors: Montville Daniel J. , Lindsey Jaclyn M. , Leung Jonathan G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Unlike with smoking cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems do not cause CYP450 1A2 induction as there is a lack of combustion and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production. Changing to the use of an electronic nicotine delivery system from cigarettes can result in the deinduction of CYP450 1A2 and the increase of certain medication serum concentrations, including clozapine. A case is reported in which the switch from smoking to an electronic nicotine delivery system resulted in increased clozapine serum concentration and constipation, necessitating pharmacologic management. The patient ultimately transitioned back to cigarettes, which resulted in the emergence of psychiatric symptoms. An evaluation of longitudinal serum concentrations and clinical correlation is provided. It is important that patients and health care professionals have knowledge not only about the impact of smoking cigarettes on clozapine metabolism, but also the effects of switching to or from an electronic nicotine delivery system.
Biopsychosocial Rehabilitation for Inflammatory Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Pedersen Morten B. , Thinggaard Peter , Geenen Rinie , Rasmussen Marianne U. , Wit Maarten De , March Lyn , Mease Philip , Choy Ernest , Conaghan Philip G. , Simon Lee , Hansen Anne Faber , Tarp Simon , Schiøttz‐Christensen Berit , Juhl Carsten B. , Nielsen Sabrina M. , Amris Kirstine , Christensen Robin 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the benefits and harms associated with biopsychosocial rehabilitation in patients with inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data were collected through electronic searches of Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases up to March 2019. Trials examining the effect of biopsychosocial rehabilitation in adults with inflammatory arthritis and/or OA were considered eligible, excluding rehabilitation adjunct to surgery. The primary outcome for benefit was pain and total withdrawals for harm.ResultsOf the 27 trials meeting the eligibility criteria, 22 trials (3,750 participants) reported sufficient data to be included in the quantitative synthesis. For patient‐reported outcome measures, biopsychosocial rehabilitation was slightly superior to control for pain relief (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.19 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.31, –0.07]), had a small effect on patient global assessment score (SMD –0.13 [95% CI –0.26, –0.00]), with no apparent effect on health‐related quality of life, fatigue, self‐reported disability/physical function, mental well‐being, and reduction in pain intensity ≥30%. Clinician‐measured outcomes displayed a small effect on observed disability/physical function (SMD −0.34 [95% CI −0.57, −0.10]), a large effect on physician global assessment score (SMD −0.72 [95% CI −1.18, −0.26]), and no effect on inflammation. No difference in harms existed in terms of the number of withdrawals, adverse events, or serious adverse events.ConclusionBiopsychosocial rehabilitation produces a significant but clinically small beneficial effect on patient‐reported pain among patients with inflammatory arthritis and OA, with no difference in harm. Methodologic weaknesses were observed in the included trials, suggesting low‐to‐moderate confidence in the estimates of effect.
Reversing AβFibrillation and Inhibiting AβPrimary Neuronal Cell Toxicity Using Amphiphilic Polyphenylene Dendrons
Authors: Xiang Siyuan , Wagner Jessica , Lückerath Thorsten , Müllen Klaus , Ng David Y. W. , Hedrich Jana , Weil Tanja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUncontrolled amyloid‐beta (Aβ) fibrillation leads to the deposition of neurotoxic amyloid plaques and is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Inhibiting Aβmonomer fibrillation and dissociation of the formed fibers is regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrons (APDs) are demonstrated to interrupt Aβassembly and reduce Aβ–cell interactions. Containing alternating negatively charged sulfonic acid and hydrophobic n‐propyl peripheral groups, APDs bind to the secondary structure of the Aβaggregates, inhibiting fibrillation and disassemble the already formed Aβfibrils. APDs reveal vesicular cellular uptake in endosomes as well as cell compatibility for endothelial and neuronal cells, and significantly reduce Aβ‐induced neuron cytotoxicity in vitro. Moreover, they are transported into the brain and successfully cross the blood–brain barrier after systemic application in mice, indicating their high potential to inhibit Aβfibrillation in vivo, which can be beneficial for developing therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
An Inter‐Supplementary Biohybrid System Based on Natural Killer Cells for the Combinational Immunotherapy and Virotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Ding Li , Gao Qingqing , Xu Zhuobin , Cai Liangliang , Chen Sujuan , Zhang Xinyue , Cao Peng , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) have gained great attention in cancer therapy because they cause direct cytolytic infection and indirectly induce antitumor immunity. However, their efficacy is compromised by host antiviral immune response, poor tumor delivery, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated Ad delivery system (Ad@NK) is generated by harnessing the merits of the two components for combinational immunotherapy and virotherapy of cancer. In this biohybrid system, NK cells with a tumor‐homing tropism act as bioreactors and shelters for the loading, protection, replication, amplification, and release of Ads, thereby leading to a highly efficient systemic tumor‐targeted delivery. As feedback, Ad infection offers NK cells an enhanced antitumor immunity by activating type I interferon signaling in a STAT4‐granzyme B‐dependent manner. Moreover, it is found that the Ad@NK system can relieve immunosuppression in the TME by promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and the polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicate the excellent antitumor and antimetastatic functions of Ad@NKs by destroying tumor cells, inducing immunogenic cell death, and immunomodulating TME. This work provides a clinical basis for improved oncolytic virotherapy in combination with NK cell therapy based on the inter‐supplementary biohybrid system.
Deep‐Submicrometer Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Transistors Based on Carbon Nanotube Films
Authors: Shi Huiwen , Ding Li , Zhong Donglai , Peng Lian‐Mao , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSemiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) films are considered promising channel materials for constructing complementary metal‐oxide semiconducting (CMOS) field‐effect transistors (FETs) for future high‐performance integrated circuits (ICs). However, the poor performance of short channel n‐type FETs built on solution‐derived CNT films hinders the development of truly symmetric CMOS FETs, especially as the gate length scales down to the submicrometer region. The performance of short channel n‐type FETs is improved here by using scandium contacts accompanied by a doping channel and high‐performance and symmetrical CMOS FETs with a deep submicrometer gate length are fabricated for the first time. The n‐type and p‐type CNT FETs with a 150 nm gate length exhibit a maximum on‐state currentIonof ≈270 µA µm−1and a peak transconductancegmof over 100 µS µm−1, representing the best CNT CMOS FETs thus far. Digital circuit and system benchmarking with the Intel circuit model indicates that the deep‐submicrometer CNT CMOS FETs show great advantages over the previously reported CMOS ICs based on CNT FETs or other semiconducting film‐based FETs.
Surgical treatment of abdominal compression syndromes: The significance of hypermobility‐related disorders
Authors: Sandmann Wilhelm , Scholbach Thomas , Verginis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCase reports and systematic studies of the most common hypermobility‐related disorders, hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS), and hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) typically describe gastroenterological symptoms and complaints attributed to structural malfunction, autonomic dysfunction, or inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. However, abdominal compression syndromes (CS) may also contribute to pain and dysfunction in these individuals and be the leading pathology given symptoms significantly reduce or cease after decompressive surgery. Arising not only in the abdomen and causing pain (median arcuate ligament syndrome [MALS] and superior mesenteric artery syndrome [SMAS]), CS also occur in the retroperitoneum and the pelvis (nutcracker syndrome and May–Thurner syndrome), these latter conditions causing chronic pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). Here, we report primarily on our experience of the assessment and management of MALS and SMAS in a cohort of cases with a surprising prevalence of HSD and hEDS. To our knowledge, this is the first cohort report of its kind in hEDS, HSD, and CS. We recommend that CS are considered in hEDS and HSD individuals with gastrointestinal and other painful complaints within the “belt” area. These CS can be identified using functional ultrasound duplex examination in experienced hands, and in appropriate cases stabilizing surgery can substantially improve quality of life.
Picolinamide‐Based Iridium Catalysts for Aqueous Formic Acid Dehydrogenation: Increase in Electron Density of Amide N through Substituents
Authors: Guo Jian , Yin Chengkai , Li Maoliang , Zhong Dulin , Zhang Yuguan , Li Xiaobin , Wang Yilin , Yao Hong , Qi Tiangui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFormic acid (FA) is considered to be a potential hydrogen storage material. Homogeneous catalysts are desired, which decompose aqueous FA into H2 and CO2 without addition of organic additives as they can contaminate the generated gas mixture. We report a new series of Cp*Ir (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) catalysts featuring picolinamide‐based ligands for efficient H2 generation from FA solution. Among them in‐situ generated catalyst from [Cp*Ir(H2O)3]SO4 and picolinohydroxamic acid (L3) achieved a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 90625 h−1 at 80 °C in 0.9 M FA solution and a turnover number (TON) of 120520 at 80 °C in a recycle experiment. The substituent effect of amide N atom was discussed and a plausible mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results.
How the Complex Network of Specklegram Deciphers Intra‐Film Thermal Induced Dynamics?
Authors: Sankararaman Sankaranarayana Iyer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present work deciphers the potential of the graph and its features in the speckle‐based nondestructive evaluation of intra film thermal‐induced dynamics. The molybdenum oxide film, prepared by sputtering technique, containing nanorods is subjected to thermal stress from 30–50 °C and the specklegrams are recorded. The co‐occurrence matrix (CM) and heat map analyses of the specklegrams by dividing the temperature range into four intervals of 5 °C each reveal that the thermal stress drives the film from a less stable to a more stable state from the third to the fourth temperature interval. The CM analysis indicates the thermal‐induced rearrangements among the nanorods of the film. By extracting frames from the videograph of the speckle pattern during temperature variation, a complex network is constructed, taking the middle column of each frame as a node. The graph features also become minimum in the third interval and increase in the fourth interval revealing that the film moves to a more ordered state under thermal stress. The analysis of the specklegram by CM, heat map, and graph suggests that graph features present a high sensitivity compared to the other methods.
A Metal–Organic Framework as a Multiphoton Excitation Regulator for the Activation of Inert C(sp3)−H Bonds and Oxygen
Authors: Ji Guanfeng , Zhao Liang , Wei Jianwei , Cai Junkai , He Cheng , Du Zenggang , Cai Wei , Duan Chunying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe activation and oxidization of inert C(sp3)−H bonds into value‐added chemicals affords attractively economic and ecological benefits as well as central challenge in modern chemistry. Inspired by the natural enzymatic transformation, herein, we report a new multiphoton excitation approach to activate the inert C(sp3)−H bonds and oxygen by integrating the photoinduced electron transfer (PET), ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) events together into one metal‐organic framework. The well‐modified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) mimics oxidized CeIII‐OEt moieties to generate CeIV‐OEt chromophore and its reduced state mimics NAD. via PET. The in situ formed CeIV‐OEt moiety triggers a LMCT excitation to form the alkoxy radical EtO., abstracts a hydrogen atom from the C(sp3)−H bond, accompanying the recovery of CeIII‐OEt and the formation of alkyl radicals. The formed NAD. activates oxygen to regenerate the NAD+ for next recycle, wherein, the activated oxygen species interacts with the intermediates for the oxidization functionalization, paving a catalytic avenue for developing scalable and sustainable synthetic strategy.
Studies on curing kinetics of polyphenylene sulfide: An insight into effects of curing temperature and time on structure and thermo‐mechanical behavior
Authors: Chen Guowei , Rodriguez‐Uribe Arturo , Wu Feng , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a type of thermoplastic that has high thermal and mechanical performances and extensive applications. Before processing, pre‐curing is required to improve its processability and mechanical properties. Here, effects of curing temperature (245 and 260°C) and time (10, 30, 60, and 120 min) on structure and thermal‐mechanical behavior of PPS were studied through melt flow index (MFI), rheology, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal‐mechanical characterizations. The MFI was decreased from ~700 g/10 min to less than 100 g/10 min (315°C/5.0 kg) after 60 min of curing at two different temperatures, greatly improving the processability of PPS in melt extrusion and injection molding processes. The functional groups remained unchanged after curing, due to the main reactions of chain extension and scission that occurred. For the PPS cured both at 245 and 260°C, the samples cured for 10 min displayed the highest degree of crystallinity and heat deflection temperature but had the lowest glass transition temperatures. The coefficient of linear expansion of PPS cured at 260°C showed anisotropy on flow and normal directions, which greatly differed from the PPS cured at 245°C. This study promotes an improved understanding of the curing process for solid PPS.
Virtual anatomy and point‐of‐care ultrasonography integration pilot for medical students
Authors: Olivares‐Perez Marcus E. , Graglia Sally , Harmon Derek J. , Klein Barbie A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite its significant clinical use, there is no standardized point‐of‐care ultrasonography (POCUS) curriculum in undergraduate medical education. As Covid‐19 abruptly mandated the use of virtual education, instructors were challenged to incorporate and improve POCUS education within these new constraints. It was hypothesized that integrating POCUS into anatomy via brief video lessons and a subsequent interactive virtual lesson would lead to an objective understanding of POCUS concepts, improved understanding of the corresponding anatomy, and subjective improvement of student confidence with POCUS. A cross‐sectional descriptive study assessed first‐year medical students' perspectives and performance before and after the interventions (n = 161). The intervention was split into two parts: (1) three optional 10‐minute POCUS videos that reinforced anatomy concepts taught in the laboratory sessions, and (2) a subsequent two‐hour interactive virtual session reviewing POCUS and anatomy concepts. Students completed a knowledge and confidence assessment tool before and after the interactive session. Survey responses (n = 51) indicated that 94% of students felt the optional videos improved their understanding of POCUS and were educationally valuable. One half of medical students (50%) indicated that the demonstrations improved their anatomy understanding. Initial self‐reported confidence was low after the optional video lessons, despite an average score of 58% on the knowledge assessment (n = 130). However, confidence increased significantly along with an increase in score performance to 80% after the interactive session (n = 39, P < 0.01). Results suggest that the virtual integration pilot enhanced student learning of both anatomy and POCUS.
Organic Crystal Growth: Directly from Amorphous Solid Powder to Single Crystals
Authors: Chen Siyu , Zhu Lin , Zhang Bingwen , Yun Shu‐Na , Wang Jinyi , Yuan Mao‐Sen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPreparation of organic crystals mainly depends on solution‐deposition, sublimation, and melt‐deposition techniques. Solid‐state growth methods are generally not suitable for organic crystal growth due to the unprocurable mass transfer. Herein, we report two pyridine‐substituted fluorenone compounds with extraordinary crystal‐growth capacity, and these compounds can directly and quickly form single crystals from their amorphous solid powder by heating under antisolvent‐assistance conditions. The novel experimental phenomenon and crystal growth mechanism were investigated in depth. The results indicate that multiple intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding sites and planar aromatic structure (prone to π‐π interactions) of these molecules dominate the mass transfer during crystal growth by providing enough energy. This discovery enhances our knowledge of solid‐state methods for single‐crystal growth.
Bridging the explanatory gaps: What can we learn from a biological agency perspective?
Authors: Sultan Sonia E. , Moczek Armin P. , Walsh Denis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe begin this article by delineating the explanatory gaps left by prevailing gene‐focused approaches in our understanding of phenotype determination, inheritance, and the origin of novel traits. We aim not to diminish the value of these approaches but to highlight where their implementation, despite best efforts, has encountered persistent limitations. We then discuss how each of these explanatory gaps can be addressed by expanding research foci to take into accountbiological agency—the capacity of living systems at various levels to participate in their own development, maintenance, and function by regulating their structures and activities in response to conditions they encounter. Here we aim to define formally what agency and agents are and—just as importantly—what they are not, emphasizing that agency is an empirical property connoting neither intention nor consciousness. Lastly, we discuss how incorporating agency helps to bridge explanatory gaps left by conventional approaches, highlight scientific fields in which implicit agency approaches are already proving valuable, and assess the opportunities and challenges of more systematically incorporating biological agency into research programs.
MicroRNA‐200c/429 mediated regulation of Zeb1 augments N‐Cadherin in mouse cardiac mesenchymal cells
Authors: Nath Asha V. , Ajit Shilpa , Sekar Anupama J. , P. R. Anil Kumar , Muthusamy Senthilkumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs) are a promising cell type that showed therapeutic potential in heart failure models. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms by which the CMCs improve cardiac function is on track. This study aimed to investigate the expression of N‐Cadherin, a transmembrane protein that enhances cell adhesion, and recently gained attention for differentiation and augmentation of stem cell function. The mouse CMCs were isolated and analyzed for the mesenchymal markers using flow cytometry. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of N‐Cadherin along with its counteracting molecule E‐Cadherin and their regulator Zeb1 in CMCs and dermal fibroblast. The expression level of miR‐200c and miR‐429 was analyzed using miRNA assays. Transient transfection of miR‐200c followed by qRT‐PCR, western blot analysis, and immunostaining was done in CMCs to analyze the expression of Zeb1, N‐Cadherin, and E‐Cadherin. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CMCs possess mesenchymal markers and absence for hematopoietic and immune cell markers. Increased expression of N‐Cadherin and Zeb1 in CMCs was observed in CMCs at both RNA and protein levels compared to fibroblast. We found significant downregulation of miR‐200c and miR‐429 in CMCs. The ectopic expression of miR‐200c in CMCs significantly downregulated Zeb1 and N‐Cadherin expression. Our findings suggest that the significant downregulation of miR‐200c/429 in CMCs maintains the expression of N‐Cadherin, which may be important for its functional integrity.
Mesoporous Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Yuan Shu , Gao Qian , Ke Changchun , Zuo Tao , Hou Junbo , Zhang Junliang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo meet the high‐speed commercialization demands of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, the development of high‐performance and low‐cost electrode materials is urgently necessary. Mesoporous carbon, which shows excellent intrinsic characteristics and flexible structure, has raised a surge of interest recently since it offers opportunities for improving the energy or power density and durability as well as reducing the cost of electrodes. In this paper, we first review primary methods for preparing mesoporous carbons. Next, the obstacles in lithium batteries, supercapacitors, proton exchange membrane fuel cells and water electrolyzers are analyzed and the recent progresses of mesoporous carbon based electrode designs in solving these obstacles are systematically introduced. Finally, we outline current challenges and future directions of developing mesoporous carbon based electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. In creating this review, we hope to give a succinct introduction to the mesoporous carbon and provide meaningful references for its future research.
Unique Continuation at the Boundary for Harmonic Functions in C1 Domains and Lipschitz Domains with Small Constant
Authors: Tolsa Xavier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet be a domain, or more generally, a Lipschitz domain with small local Lipschitz constant. In this paper it is shown that if u is a function harmonic in and continuous in , which vanishes in a relatively open subset ; moreover, the normal derivative vanishes in a subset of with positive surface measure; then u is identically zero. © 2021 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.