bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abordagem fonoaudiológica em pacientes com fissura labiopalatal em serviço especializado de alta complexidade na região oeste do Paraná
Authors: Cabral Celina , Lopes Maria Grazielle Paiva Barreto Santana , Oliveira Daniela Lopes de , Baltazar Mariângela Monteiro de Melo 
Published: August 2021

Introdução: as fissuras labiopalatinas são as malformações craniofaciais mais frequentemente identificadas em recém-nascidos vivos. De maneira geral, o tratamento das fissuras objetiva corrigi-las cirurgicamente, bem como corrigir os problemas associados, como alterações nas funções da deglutição, mastigação, sucção, audição, fala entre outras consequências que possam surgir. Objetivo: discorrer sobre a atuação e o papel do fonoaudiólogo em equipe multidisciplinar de um centro de reabilitação em anomalias craniofaciais, com enfoque na fissura labiopalatina. Metodologia: trata-se de um relato de experiência produzido a partir das vivências profissionais da equipe de fonoaudiologia em um Centro de atenção e Pesquisa em Anomalias Craniofaciais. Resultados e discussão: a atuação fonoaudiológica no tratamento especializado das fissuras labiopalatinas é complexa e processual, sendo realizado um acompanhamento longo, no qual os resultados são uma combinação de fatores, como o envolvimento e assiduidade familiar no tratamento, colaboração do paciente, cirurgias e a atuação de cada profissional da equipe. O resultado final do tratamento deve refletir na qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento geral do paciente. Conclusão: entende-se como fundamental a participação do fonoaudiólogo neste processo, com atuação ativa desde o início do tratamento, visando contribuir no desenvolvimento das habilidades comunicativas em geral, bem como detectar possíveis alterações e intervir precocemente.
Molecular sexing in the formation of pairs of blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna) in reintroduction programs
Authors: Pereira Douglas Campos , Mirabal Bernardo , França Adriele Maria Machado de , Antonio Edma Santos de , Fraga Ricardo Evangelista , Tomazi Laize 
Published: August 2021

Blue and yellow macaw is a species which does not show sexual dimorphism and is threatened by animal traffic. The identification of heterosexual pairs is important for reintroduction programs. The aim of this work was select parameters for sexing and use them to determine the frequency of heterosexual pairs in a population of blue-and-yellow macaws allocated in a Wild Animal Screening Center. Blood samples from 23 macaws were collected and genomic DNA extracted by Tris/SDS washes. Allele-specific molecular markers for sexing were amplified by PCR, and identified on 2% agarose gel. Three pairs of primers were tested: Pair 1 (P2/P8), Pair 2 (1237L/1272H) and Pair 3 (2550F/2718R). For the determination of animal pairs, all individuals had their social behavioral acts observed. The results showed that the low complexity DNA extraction protocol used was adequate. Pairs 2 and 3 of primers were effective for sexing and the Pair 3 was the most efficient. The study also showed that in the sample studied, the composition of males and females was similar (0.4 males n=10 and 0.6 females n=13); 70% (n=16) of the individuals formed pairs and 75% (n=12) of the pairs were heterosexual and the others male-male or female-female pairs. These results were used in the management of the animals in the reintroduction program.
Frequência da síndrome metabólica em pacientes esquizofrênicos
Authors: Borges Neto Juscelino de Souza , Bicalho Juliana Mara Flores , Silva Thais Marques da , Vieira Mariana Sousa , Bila Wendell Costa , Freitas Pedro Henrique Batista de , Machado Richardson Miranda , Granjeiro Paulo Afonso 
Published: August 2021

Introdução: Síndrome Metabólica (SM) é caracterizada por um conjunto de fatores que aumentam risco de doenças cardiovasculares relacionada à obesidade central e resistência à insulina. Os números de morbimortalidade e custos socioeconômicos aos serviços públicos de saúde são alarmantes e sua prevalência varia conforme critério de diagnóstico e público estudado. A população mundial possui prevalência de 25%, considerando os pacientes esquizofrênicos, a taxa de prevalência média de SM encontrada é 32,5%. A esquizofrenia é uma psicose crônica sem causa definida, uma doença multifatorial que aparece de forma lenta ou súbita e está relacionada a problemas de saúde, como dificuldade com autocuidado, processamento do pensamento, relações interpessoais, o que favorece isolamento social e dificulta o processo de reabilitação. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica (SM) em pacientes esquizofrênicos de acordo com os critérios internacionais de diagnóstico da NCEP/ATP/III e IDF. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de caráter transversal e analítico. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas medidas de frequência absolutas, relativas e multivariadas, e considerado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A frequência da SM foi de 38,9 e 43,1%, NCEP/ATP/III e IDF respectivamente. As mulheres apresentaram maior presença da SM e alteração da circunferência da cintura que os homens. O grupo com SM demonstrou maior frequência quanto aos componentes individuais alterados em relação ao grupo sem SM. Conclusão: A frequência da SM e dos seus componentes individuais alterados foi alta, principalmente entre as mulheres.
Pandemia COVID-19: efeitos do distanciamento social no comportamento alimentar de estudantes do estado do Ceará
Authors: Freire Leonel Francisco de Oliveira , Cursino Maria Aparecida , Leal Danielle Christina Lino , Morais Adriana de Freitas , Regis Matheus da Silva , Lima Isabela Pinheiro Cavalcante , Leal Rayza Maria Silva , Silva Marielen Ghedin da 
Published: August 2021

A pandemia causada pela COVID-19 afetou, em escala mundial, a rotina de diversos estudantes. Para este grupo, frequentemente acometido por transtornos mentais, o distanciamento social teve maior impacto na saúde mental. A necessidade de isolamento social impossibilitou a permanência das aulas presenciais, modificando hábitos sociais e alimentares. Nesse cenário, o estresse, o sofrimento psicológico e o sono irregular, atuam como agentes modificadores do comportamento alimentar, levando à adoção de condutas lesivas à saúde, como mecanismo compensatório. No entanto, as pesquisas voltadas a esse público ainda são escassas, diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento alimentar de estudantes de instituições de ensino público federal, situadas no interior do estado do Ceará. Metodologia: Os participantes da pesquisa responderam um questionário online autoaplicável contendo perguntas referentes ao consumo de vegetais, frutas, leite e iogurtes no período anterior e durante a pandemia. Resultados: Os achados revelaram uma elevação da frequência e consumo de vegetais, frutas, leites e iogurtes durante o período de distanciamento social. Conclusão: Neste estudo podemos identificar uma melhoria nos hábitos alimentares dos estudantes, sendo caracterizado pela elevação da frequência e consumo de vegetais e frutas, sob a forma de saladas cruas ou cozidas, bem como o consumo de leite e iogurtes. Essa modificação do padrão alimentar pode ser resultante da maior disponibilidade de tempo para o preparo de refeições, retorno ao ambiente familiar e a utilização da alimentação como ferramenta essencial para o fortalecimento da saúde e do sistema imunológico.
Mitigation of water restriction effects on soybean with biofertilizer: metabolic and stomatal conductance changes
Authors: Marques Harielly Marianne Costa , Cordeiro Ely Cristina  Negrelli , Amatussi Juliana de Oliveira , Lara Gabriel Bocchetti de , Mógor Gilda , Nedilha Lais Cristina Bonato Malmann , Mógor Átila Francisco 
Published: August 2021

The demand for soybean has increased in the international market, and water restriction is an important factor in reducing its yield. Therefore, the development of technologies aimed to reducing the damage caused by water stress becomes strategic. Thus, the objective was to demonstrate the role of the amino acid L-glutamic acid in mitigating water stress in soybean plants. A study was conducted in a greenhouse using soybean plants in vegetative stage subjected to water restriction and foliar applications of biofertilizer obtained from bacterial fermentation, containing 25% of the amino acid L-glutamic acid, sprayed three days before the imposition of water restriction and when the substrate moisture reached 50% of the water retention capacity (WRC). Stomatal resistance was determined throughout the days and three collections of plant material were carried out: at the beginning of water restriction, one and four days after rehydration for biochemical and enzymatic analyses. Plants that were supplied with biofertilizer at the beginning of water restriction showed lower stomatal resistance, while plants that received application three days before 50% WRC showed increases in sugar accumulation, in free amino acids and proline content, and in nitrate reductase and peroxidase enzymes activity, consequently, reducing lipids peroxidation, mitigating the effects of oxidative stress.
Fexofenadine Protects Against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through TNF Signaling
Authors: Liu Kaiwen , Wei Jianlu , Li Guohua , Liu Ronghan , Zhao Dawang , Zhang Yuanqiang , Shi Jie , Xie Qing , Cheng Lei 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Fexofenadine (FFD) is an antihistamine drug with an anti-inflammatory effect. The intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration process is involved in inflammation in which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role. This study aims to investigate the role of FFD in the pathological process of IVD degeneration.Methods: Safranin O staining was used for the measurement of cartilageous tissue in the disc. Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&amp;E) staining was used to determine the disc construction. A rat needle puncture model was taken advantage of to examine the role of FFD in disc degeneration in vivo. Western Blotting assay, immunochemistry, and immunoflurence staining were used for the determination of inflammatory molecules. ELISA assay was performed to detect the release of inflammatory cytokines. A real-time PCR assay was analyzed to determine the transcriptional expressions of molecules.Results: Elevated TNF-α resulted in inflammatory disc degeneration, while FFD protected against TNF-α-induced IVD degeneration. Mechanism study found FFD exhibited a disc protective effect through at least two pathways. (a) FFD inhibited TNF-α-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and (b) FFD rescued TNF-α induced inflammation in disc degeneration. Furthermore, the present study found that FFD suppressed TNF-α mediated disc degeneration via the cPLA2/NF-κB signaling pathway.Conclusions: FFD provided another alternative for treating disc degeneration through a novel mechanism. Additionally, FFD may also be a potential target for the treatment of other inflammatory-related diseases, including IVD degeneration.
Surgical Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. A Multi-Factor Multimodel Analysis
Authors: Gelsomino Sandro , Tetta Cecilia , Matteucci Francesco , del Pace Stefano , Parise Orlando , Prifti Edvin , Dokollari Aleksander , Parise Gianmarco , Micali Linda Renata , La Meir Mark , Bonacchi Massimo 
Published: August 2021

Graphical AbstractFactors increasing post CABG incidence of ischemic stroke (red) and those which were not significant at the multi-model multifactorial analysis that analyzed all technical factors alone or in different combinations (green).
Ultrasound-Guided Thermal Ablation of Bethesda IV Thyroid Nodules: A Pilot Study
Authors: Li Xinyang , Lan Yu , Li Nan , Yan Lin , Xiao Jing , Zhang Mingbo , Luo Yukun 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal ablation (TA) for Bethesda IV thyroid nodules, and to compare TA and surgery in terms of treatment outcomes, complications, and costs.MethodThis study was approved by the local ethics committee. From January 2017 to December 2019, 30 patients elected TA and 31 patients elected surgery for treatment of Bethesda IV thyroid nodules. Demographics information and conventional ultrasound before treatment for each patient was obtained. For the TA group, the ablation extent was 3 mm beyond the edge of the tumor to prevent marginal residual and recurrence. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention, and every 6 months thereafter. Postoperative complications, operation time, hospitalization time, blood loss, and incision length were recorded.ResultsIn the TA group, the volume reduction ratio (VRR) was 94.63 ± 8.99% (range:76%-100%) at the final follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 16.4 ± 5.2months (range:12–24 months). No recurrences, no metastatic lymph node, and no distant metastases were detected during follow-up. The TA group had fewer complications, shorter operation time, smaller incision length, less blood loss, shorter hospitalization time, and lower treatment costs compared to the surgery group (all P&lt;0.001).ConclusionsTA is technically feasible for the complete destruction of Bethesda IV thyroid nodules, and also safe and effective during the follow-up period, with high VRR and low complication rates, especially in patients who were ineligible for or refused surgery.
The Role of Hemoglobin Subunit Delta in the Immunopathy of Multiple Sclerosis: Mitochondria Matters
Authors: Derakhshani Afshin , Safarpour Hossein , Abdoli Shadbad Mahdi , Hemmat Nima , Leone Patrizia , Asadzadeh Zahra , Pashazadeh Mehrdad , Baradaran Behzad , Racanelli Vito 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAlthough the exact pathophysiology of MS has not been identified, mitochondrial stress can be one of the culprits in MS development. Herein, we have applied microarray analysis, single-cell sequencing analysis, and ex vivo study to elucidate the role of mitochondrial stress in PBMCs of MS patients.MethodsFor this purpose, we analyzed the GSE21942 and GSE138266 datasets to identify the DEGs and hub genes in the PBMCS of MS patients and describe the expression of shared genes in the different immune cells. The GO pathway analysis of DEGs and turquoise module genes were conducted to shed light on their biological significance. To validate the obtained results, the gene expression of HBD, as the most remarkable DEG in the PBMCS of affected patients, was measured in the PBMCS of healthy donors, treatment-naïve MS patients, and MS patients treated with GA, fingolimod, DMF, and IFNβ-1α.ResultsBased on WGCNA and DEGs analysis, HBD, HBM, SLC4A1, LILRA5, SLC25A37, SELENBP1, ALYREF, SNRNP40, and HINT3 are the identified common genes in the PMBCS. Using single-cell sequencing analysis on PBMCS, we have characterized various cell populations in MS and illustrated the common gene expression on the different immune cells. Furthermore, GO pathway analysis of DEGs, and turquoise module genes have indicated that these genes are involved in immune responses, myeloid cell activation, leukocyte activation, oxygen carrier activity, and replication fork processing bicarbonate transport pathways. Our ex vivo investigation has shown that HBD expression in the treatment-naïve RRMS patients is significantly increased compared to healthy donors. Of interest, immunomodulatory therapies with fingolimod, DMF, and IFNβ-1α have significantly decreased HBD expression.ConclusionHBD is one of the remarkably up-regulated genes in the PBMCS of MS patients. HBD is substantially up-regulated in treatment-naïve MS patients, and immunomodulatory therapies with fingolimod, DMF, and IFNβ-1α can remarkably down-regulate HBD expression. Based on the currently available evidence, the cytoprotective nature of HBD against oxidative stress can be the underlying reason for HBD up-regulation in MS. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of HBD in the oxidative stress of MS patients.
The LeVe CPAP System for Oxygen-Efficient CPAP Respiratory Support: Development and Pilot Evaluation
Authors: Culmer Pete , Davis Birch W. , Waters I. , Keeling A. , Osnes C. , Jones D. , de Boer G. , Hetherington R. , Ashton S. , Latham M. , Beacon T. , Royston T. , Miller R. , Littlejohns A. , Parmar J. , Lawton Tom , Murdoch S. , Brettle D. , Musasizi R. , Nampiina G. , Namulema E. , Kapur N. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has placed a significant demand on healthcare providers (HCPs) to provide respiratory support for patients with moderate to severe symptoms. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) non-invasive ventilation can help patients with moderate symptoms to avoid the need for invasive ventilation in intensive care. However, existing CPAP systems can be complex (and thus expensive) or require high levels of oxygen, limiting their use in resource-stretched environments.Technical Development + Testing: The LeVe (“Light”) CPAP system was developed using principles of frugal innovation to produce a solution of low complexity and high resource efficiency. The LeVe system exploits the air flow dynamics of electric fan blowers which are inherently suited to delivery of positive pressure at appropriate flow rates for CPAP. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated that performance of the LeVe system was equivalent to other commercially available systems used to deliver CPAP, achieving a 10 cm H2O target pressure within 2.4% RMS error and 50–70% FiO2 dependent with 10 L/min oxygen from a commercial concentrator.Pilot Evaluation: The LeVe CPAP system was tested to evaluate safety and acceptability in a group of ten healthy volunteers at Mengo Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. The study demonstrated that the system can be used safely without inducing hypoxia or hypercapnia and that its use was well-tolerated by users, with no adverse events reported.Conclusions: To provide respiratory support for the high patient numbers associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers require resource efficient solutions. We have shown that this can be achieved through frugal engineering of a CPAP ventilation system, in a system which is safe for use and well-tolerated in healthy volunteers. This approach may also benefit other respiratory conditions which often go unaddressed in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) for want of context-appropriate technology designed for the limited oxygen resources available.
The Impact of Homocysteine on the Risk of Hormone-Related Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: He Qian , Yang Ze , Sun Yandi , Qu Zihao , Jia Xueyao , Li Jingjia , Lin Yindan , Luo Yan 
Published: August 2021

Background: Aberrant homocysteine level is associated with metabolic disorders and DNA damage, which may be involved in the carcinogenesis of hormone-related cancers, but clinical results of observational studies are controversial. In this study, we investigated the causal relationships between plasma homocysteine and breast cancer (BRCA), prostate cancer (PrCa), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.Design and Methods: To investigate the putative causal associations between homocysteine and the aforementioned three types of cancers, a two-sample MR study was employed for the study. The primary strategy for summary data analyses was the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) approach. In our study, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) excluded confounding factors through Linkage Disequilibrium (LD). Phenoscanner tests were the instrumental variants (IVs), homocysteine was the exposure, and BRCA, PrCa, and RCC were the outcomes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with homocysteine were extracted from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of European participants (n = 44,147). Summary Statistics of BRCA were obtained from the latest and largest GWAS meta-analysis comprising of 82 studies from Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) studies, including women of European ancestry (133,384 cases and 113,789 controls); we obtained summary-level data from the GWAS meta-analysis of PrCa comprising 79,148 cases and 61,106 controls of European ancestry, and the dataset of RCC was a sex-specific GWAS meta-analysis comprising of two kidney cancer genome-wide scans for men (3,227 cases and 4,916 controls) and women (1,992 cases and 3,095 controls) of European ancestry. The MR-Egger and weight median analyses were applied for the pleiotropy test.Results: The results showed null associations between plasma homocysteine levels and overall BRCA (effect = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90–1.06, P = 0.543), overall PrCa (effect = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.11, P = 0.774), RCC in men (effect = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.73–1.34, P = 0.929), and RCC in women (effect = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.61–1.31, P = 0.563).Conclusions: We found no putative causal associations between homocysteine and risk of BRCA, PrCa, and RCC.
Detection of Oesophageal Fistula by Radionuclide Salivagram SPECT/CT
Authors: Wang Yingwei , Wang Chao , Liu Lin , Huang Xinwen , Guo Zhaoyou , Zeng Wei , Sun Rui , Chen Yue 
Published: August 2021

PurposeVideofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is currently the most widely used clinical examination method for diagnosis of oesophageal fistula, but it has many limitations. Therefore, we evaluated radionuclide salivagram single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) as a new method of oesophageal fistula diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the data of 11 patients (10 men and 1 woman, aged 41 to 70 years, with an average age of 58.6 years) who had clinically suspected oesophageal fistula from January 2019 to October 2020. They underwent radionuclide salivagram SPECT/CT and VFSS examinations, and we analysed and compared the results of the two examinations.ResultsA total of 11 patients were included in this study. Ten underwent both salivagram and VFSS examinations. One patient was unable to swallow the contrast agent; therefore, only salivagram was performed, and we excluded this patient from the VFSS analysis. A total of 11 patients underwent salivagram examinations, of which 6 were positive and 5 were negative. A total of 10 patients were tested by VFSS, of which 6 results were positive and 4 were negative.ConclusionRadionuclide salivagram SPECT/CT and VFSS are complementary, which can greatly improve the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of oesophageal fistula. When the patient cannot perform the VFSS, or the clinical symptoms are inconsistent with the VFSS imaging findings, the salivagram is an ideal test method.