bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Properties of MOF‐808 via Defect Engineering and Metal Nanoparticle Encapsulation
Authors: Hardian Rifan , Dissegna Stefano , Ullrich Aladin , Llewellyn Philip L. , Coulet Marie‐Vanessa , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDefect engineering and metal encapsulation are considered as valuable approaches to fine‐tune the reactivity of metal–organic frameworks. In this work, various MOF‐808 (Zr) samples are synthesized and characterized with the final aim to understand how defects and/or platinum nanoparticle encapsulation act on the intrinsic and reactive properties of these MOFs. The reactivity of the pristine, defective and Pt encapsulated MOF‐808 is quantified with water adsorption and CO2 adsorption calorimetry. The results reveal strong competitive effects between crystal morphology and missing linker defects which in turn affect the crystal morphology, porosity, stability, and reactivity. In spite of leading to a loss in porosity, the introduction of defects (missing linkers or Pt nanoparticles) is beneficial to the stability of the MOF‐808 towards water and could also be advantageously used to tune adsorption properties of this MOF family.
Small Figure‐Eight Luminophores: Double‐Twisted Tethered Cyclic Binaphthyls Boost Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Nojima Yuki , Hasegawa Masashi , Hara Nobuyuki , Imai Yoshitane , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Masashi Hasegawa, Yoshitane Imai and co‐workers at Kitasato University and Kindai University. The image depicts the reported figure‐eight molecule as an M. C. Escher‐inspired ‘impossible object’. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202005320.
Calorimetry meets solvation – how to quantify dissolutions in detail
Authors: Wagner Tom 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOb Hochleistungssportler auf dem Feld oder Outdoor‐Spezialist hoch in den Bergen, die Energieumwandlungen der Löseprozesse von Salzen können vielfältig genutzt werden. Dabei setzt sich die gesamte Reaktionsenthalpie, die Lösungsenthalpie, aus Teilbeträgen zusammen. Vorgestellt werden drei Experimente mit einem einfachen Schulkalorimeter, mit denen die Lösungsenthalpien ausgewählter Salze sowie der Einfluss der Kationengröße und der Einfluss der Hydratation quantifiziert werden können.
Machine learning for early prediction of in‐hospital cardiac arrest in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Wu Ting Ting , Lin Xiu Quan , Mu Yan , Li Hong , Guo Yang Song 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have used machine leaning to predict clinical deterioration to improve outcome prediction. However, no study has used machine learning to predict cardiac arrest in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Algorithms are required to generate high‐performance models for predicting cardiac arrest in ACS patients with multivariate features.HypothesisMachine learning algorithms will significantly improve outcome prediction of cardiac arrest in ACS patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study reviewed 166 ACS patients who had in‐hospital cardiac arrest. Eight machine learning algorithms were trained using multivariate clinical features obtained 24 h prior to the onset of cardiac arrest. All machine learning models were compared to each other and to existing risk prediction scores (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events, National Early Warning Score, and Modified Early Warning Score) using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsThe XGBoost model provided the best performance with regard to AUC (0.958 [95%CI: 0.938–0.978]), accuracy (88.9%), sensitivity (73%), negative predictive value (89%), and F1 score (80%) compared with other machine learning models. The K‐nearest neighbor model generated the best specificity (99.3%) and positive predictive value (93.8%) metrics, but had low and unacceptable values for sensitivity and AUC. Most, but not all, machine learning models outperformed the existing risk prediction scores.ConclusionsThe XGBoost model, which was generated based on a machine learning algorithm, has high potential to be used to predict cardiac arrest in ACS patients. This proposed model significantly improves outcome prediction compared to existing risk prediction scores.
Zwitterionic Character and Lipid Composition Determine the Behaviour of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Fragments in Monolayers
Authors: Malik Ankita , Seeberger Peter H. , Brezesinski Gerald , Varón Silva Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are complex glycolipids found in free form or anchoring proteins to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane in eukaryotes. GPIs have been associated with the formation of lipid rafts and protein sorting on membranes. The presence of a conserved glycan core with cell‐specific modifications together with lipid remodelling during biosynthesis suggest that the properties of the glycolipids are being fine‐tuned. We synthesized a series of GPI fragments and evaluated the interactions and arrangement of these glycolipids in monolayers as a 2‐D membrane model. GIXD and IRRAS analyses showed the need of N‐acetylglucosamine deacetylation for the formation of hydrogen bonds to obtain highly structured domains in the monolayers and an effect of the unsaturated lipids in formation and localization of the glycolipids within or between membrane microdomains. These results contribute to understand the role of these glycolipids and their modifications in the organization of membranes.
Crude Wax Extracted from Rice Bran Oil Improves Oleogel Properties and Oxidative Stability
Authors: Wang Ning , Chen Jun , Zhou Qi , Jiang Lianzhou , Wang Liqi , Dai Yingjie , Yu Dianyu , Elfalleh Walid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCrude wax extracted from rice bran oil (RBO) is used to improve the oleogel properties and oxidative stability of RBO. The effect of crude rice bran wax (CrBW) on the formation characteristics and oxidative stability of oleogels is discussed. The results show that oleogels can be formed with 7.0 wt% CrBW at 20 °C. As the concentration of CrBW increases from 7.0 to 11.0 wt%, the hardness and solid fat content (SFC) of the oleogels increase significantly, and the oleogels are primarily β' crystals. Moreover, oleogel crystals formed with 5 and 7 wt% CrBW are flocculent; when the amount included is 9%, the oleogel crystals are transformed into long dendrites, and the density rises. After 90 days of storage at 20 °C, the peroxide value of oleogels formed with 9.0 wt% CrBW slowly rises from 3.21 to 6.52 mmol kg−1.Practical Applications: Oleogels prepared here by CrBW and RBO are an innovative structural lipid without trans fats. Useful information on the rich fats and nutrients in CrBW is provided, which reduces the production cost and improves the industrial production capacity.
Exploring the stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter‐ and intra‐event scales in a typical subtropical deciduous forest
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Fu Congsheng , Liao Aimin , Zhang Can , Liu Jiufu , Wang Niu , He Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter‐event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra‐event scale. An in‐depth investigation of the inter‐ and intra‐event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (FV), stemflow funnelling ratio (FR), and stemflow ratio (F%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter‐ and intra‐event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the FV, FR and F% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on FV and F% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter‐event scale, FV had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (GP) and event duration (DE) for both tree species, whereas FR and F% had a positive logarithmic correlation with GP and DE only under high‐intensity, short‐duration rainfall type. FR and F% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30‐min rainfall intensity under low‐intensity, long‐duration rainfall type. At the intra‐event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high‐intensity, short‐duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high‐amount, long‐duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5‐min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter‐ and intra‐event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.
A novel signature predicts recurrence risk and therapeutic response in breast cancer patients
Authors: Tran Quynh Hoa , Than Van Thai , Luu Phuc Loi , Clarke Declan , Lam Hanh Ngoc , Nguyen Thanh‐Giang Tan , Nguyen Dinh‐Truong , Duy Phan Q. , Phung Dung , Nguyen Minh Nam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase (ASMT) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of melatonin. Although melatonin has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity and prevents endocrine resistance in breast cancer, the role of ASMT in breast cancer progression remains unclear. In this retrospective study, we analyzed gene expression profiles in 27 data sets on 7244 patients from 11 countries. We found that ASMT expression was significantly reduced in breast cancer tumors relative to healthy tissue. Among breast cancer patients, those with higher levels of ASMT expression had better relapse‐free survival outcomes and longer metastasis‐free survival times. Following treatment with tamoxifen, patients with greater ASMT expression experienced longer periods before relapse or distance recurrence. Motivated by these results, we devised an ASMT gene signature that can correctly identify low‐risk cases with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.997 and 0.916, respectively. This signature was robustly validated using 23 independent breast cancer mRNA array data sets from different platforms (consisting of 5800 patients) and an RNAseq data set from TCGA (comprising 1096 patients). Intriguingly, patients who are classified as high‐risk by the signature benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, and those with grade II tumors who are classified as low‐risk exhibit improved overall survival and distance relapse‐free outcomes following endocrine therapy. Together, our findings more clearly elucidate the roles of ASMT, provide strategies for improving the efficacy of tamoxifen treatment and help to identify those patients who may maximally benefit from adjuvant or endocrine therapies.
Declining rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in British Columbia, Canada: An ecological analysis on the effects of the school‐based human papillomavirus vaccination program
Authors: Donken Robine , van Niekerk Dirk , Hamm Jeremy , Spinelli John J. , Smith Laurie , Sadarangani Manish , Albert Arianne , Money Deborah , Dobson Simon , Miller Dianne , Lee Marette , Mitchell‐Foster Sheona , Krajden Mel , Naus Monika , Ogilvie Gina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince 2008, girls in British Columbia (BC), Canada, have been offered HPV vaccination through a school‐based, publicly funded immunization program. The oldest birth cohort eligible for the vaccination program was born in 1994 and uptake is on average 63%. To evaluate the impact of the HPV vaccine in BC, ecological trends in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) rates were assessed in young women before and after the implementation of the HPV vaccination program. Information on all Pap smears and histopathological abnormalities, in calendar years 2004‐2017 in women 16‐28 years of age in BC were obtained from the population‐based BC Cancer Cervix Screening Program database. Rates of CIN 2 and 3 were calculated as the number of cases divided by the number of cytology specimens for that period. Rate ratios (RR) were calculated by negative binomial piecewise regression. Age‐centered incidence rates of CIN 2 and 3 in BC declined significantly among women 16‐23 years of age after HPV vaccine introduction compared to before vaccine introduction. The overall reduction postvaccination for CIN2 and 3 in women 16‐23 years was respectively 62% (95% CI 54‐68%) and 65% (95% CI 58‐71%). Age‐specific rates for CIN2 significantly declined for those 18‐22 years of age and for those 19, 20 and 23 years of age for CIN3. Among women 24‐28 years of age no decline in CIN2 and 3 rate over time was observed. The observed reduction in CIN 2 and 3 rates since the introduction of the school‐based HPV vaccine program might illustrate the population impact of the BC provincial school‐based HPV vaccination program.
Perceptual ability tests correlate to performance on a rudimentary dental anatomy laboratory exercise
Authors: Hankle Jennifer L. , Imbery Terence A. , Carrico Caroline K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeObjective of this study was to determine if perceptual abilities test (PAT), quantitative reasoning (QR), and academic average (AA) scores predict performance in a rudimentary dental anatomy laboratory exercise.MethodsFirst‐year dental students (n = 88) completed two identical wax carving exercises during the first and last weeks of the dental anatomy course. After being given detailed instructions and a wax block, students carved a cube and a semilunar shape using the wax subtraction technique. Using a rubric, students self‐assessed their work as unsatisfactory, satisfactory, or ideal in the following areas: finish, sharpness, symmetry, and accuracy. Two calibrated and blinded faculty graded the exercise using the same rubric as the students. Cohen's kappa coefficient assessed faculty interrater reliability and student‐faculty reliability. Changes in scores between the two exercises were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed rank and paired t‐tests. Spearman's correlation coefficient and repeated measures analysis assessed the association between shape carving scores and DAT, QR, and AA scores.ResultsFaculty interrater reliability ranged from 0.2554 to 0.4186 for the assessed criteria over the two exercises. Student‐faculty rater reliability ranged from 0.1299 to 0.4461. Only PAT scores correlated significantly to higher scores for the four grading criteria for both exercises. Student self‐assessment improved with the second exercise.ConclusionsThis rudimentary exercise was useful to identify students early in their dental education who may require more guidance in other manual dexterity courses. Faculties require additional training and calibration. Self‐assessment is a life‐long process of critical thinking that students are just beginning to learn.
Data resource profile: JMDC claims database sourced from health insurance societies
Authors: Nagai Katsuhiko , Tanaka Takashi , Kodaira Norihisa , Kimura Shinya , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJMDC, Inc. (JMDC) has created a database, using data collected from health insurance societies in Japan, consisting of ledgers of insureds, claims (for hospitalization, outpatient treatment, drug preparation, and dental treatment), and health checkup results. The earliest data are from the claims in January 2005, except dental claims from December 2009 and health checkup results from April 2008. Currently (the end of June 2020), the number of insureds included is approximately 9.8 million. This database is unique for Japan and has the following characteristics: (a) the basic population can be ascertained; (b) standardization is carried out using a dictionary; and (c) anonymized individual IDs can be followed on the basis of a time‐series over various periods, with the earliest starting date being January 2005. However, it has certain limitations, in that the disease status and test results cannot be ascertained, and there is insufficient access to data for elderly people.
Variability of West Pacific subtropical high and its potential importance to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Authors: Chaluvadi Roja , Varikoden Hamza , Mujumdar Milind , Ingle S. T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe variability of West Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) during the peak monsoon (July–August) season for the period 1951–2015 and its association with Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is investigated based on various observational data sets. In the present study, we explored the long term variability of WPSH based on location index (zonal displacement of western edge) and intensity index (intensity values at the centre of WPSH). We observed significant interannual variability in zonal displacement of western flank at around 20°N, and this variability is coherent with the variability in intensity at the centre of WPSH. The significant long term trend in location index is about 1.4° per decade towards east, which is also consistent with weakening trend (−2.6 gpm per decade) in intensity index. Moreover, both the indices show contrasting trends prior to and post 1976 periods. The variability of location and intensity indices shows significant relationship with ISMR by modulating the low level circulations over the Indo‐Pacific region. The present study revealed that the correlations of WPSH indices with ISMR are significant at 95% confidence level. The spatial distribution of rainfall over India during WPSH expansion years depicts the significant enhancement in southern peninsula and north‐central India while a significant reduction in east central India; however, contrasting rainfall patterns are observed during WPSH contraction years. In general, changes in large‐scale circulation during the westward (eastward) shift and intensification (weakening) of WPSH favour (unfavour) monsoon rainfall. The southern peninsula and northcentral India (east central India) experience surplus (deficit) rainfall during WPSH expansion due to modulation of moisture supply from the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and west Pacific Ocean. Additionally, we noticed upper (lower) level divergence (convergence) and lower (upper) level convergence (divergence) during the expansion (contraction) years over the south Asian monsoon region.
Biologic agents to optimize outcomes following ACL repair and reconstruction: A systematic review of clinical evidence
Authors: Kon Elizaveta , Di Matteo Berardo , Altomare Daniele , Iacono Francesco , Kurpyakov Anton , Lychagin Aleksey , Timashev Peter , Kalinsky Eugene , Lipina Marina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTreatment options for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have greatly developed over the past decades. Although reconstruction surgery is a concrete reality, stimulation of ACL healing through biological techniques could represent a revolutionary conservative approach. The use of biologic products, such as platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to treat partial ruptures or to enhance ligamentization after reconstruction, could thoroughly improve clinical outcomes. The aim of the present paper is to systematically review the available literature on this topic, to (i) describe the current state of the art in available biologic techniques; (ii) clarify the outcomes of their application; (iii) identify areas needing further investigation and possible future development. A systematic review of the literature on the use of biologically active agents (PRP and MSCs) to enhance outcomes of ACL surgery was performed: 31 studies were included. Based on the ACL injury pattern, 6 papers investigated biologic agents in ACL partial tears whereas 25 papers in ACL reconstruction. Sixteen of twenty‐five studies dealing with ACL reconstruction were randomized controlled trials, whereas only case series are available for partial ACL tears. Current evidence is still lacking sound data to support the use of biological agents: no clinical superiority has been described when using PRP in ACL reconstruction. Concerning ACL healing in partial tears, the application of PRP has led to encouraging outcomes, but these findings should be confirmed by appropriately designed RCTs.
‘Ye must have faith’ how anthropology can contribute to religious heritage: The osteobiography of Italian martyr Saint Nazarius
Authors: Biehler‐Gomez Lucie , Porta Davide , Mattia Mirko , De Angelis Danilo , Poppa Pasquale , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe skeletal remains of the alleged Italian Saint Nazarius (1st or 3rd century AD) were examined by a team of anthropologists of the University of Milan upon request from ecclesiastical authorities who sought scientific verification of their authenticity and to add tangible information on the life of the saint. Anthropological analyses were performed for the construction of the biological profile as well as pathological and traumatic analysis and were later compared with historical and hagiographic documentation. In addition, biological sampling of one bone sample was performed for radiocarbon dating. As a result, the osteobiography of the skeletal remains showed a concordance with the available historical data, thus supporting their authenticity and permitted the implementation of further information on the lives of the alleged saint. Furthermore, interesting anatomical ‘mistakes’ in the postmortem assemblage of the facial bones by the fossores, a guild of gravediggers, morticians and keepers of the Christian catacombs, were noted. This paper discusses the relation between science and religious heritage by demonstrating through a concrete case study the contribution of anthropology in a mutually beneficial collaboration.
Development of a highly efficient selective flocculant based on functionalized β‐cyclodextrin toward beneficiation of low‐quality iron ore
Authors: Patra Priyapratim , Patra Abhay Shankar , Mukherjee Asim Kumar , Pal Sagar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present work is focused on the development of a novel flocculant for selective flocculation of iron ore using functionalized β‐cyclodextrin (β CD). β CD has been modified by esterification reaction with methacrylic anhydride (MAh) to form β CD methacrylate (CD‐Meth). After that, a three‐dimensional polymeric network structure has been prepared by free radical polymerization of CD‐Meth with copolymeric chain of poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) through grafting. The synthesized material has been characterized in detail. It has been found that the developed material has promising selectivity toward the hematite particles and also demonstrates faster settling of hematite particles. The developed material is found to be superior in all aspects than that of conventional selective flocculant used for iron ore beneficiation (i.e., starch).