bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harsanyi support levels solutions
Authors: Besner Manfred 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new class of values for TU-games (games with transferable utility) with a level structure, called LS-games. A level structure is a hierarchical structure where each level corresponds to a partition of the player set, which becomes increasingly coarse from the trivial partition containing only singletons to the partition containing only the grand coalition. The new values, called Harsanyi support levels solutions, extend the Harsanyi solutions for LS-games. As an important subset of the class of these values, we present the class of weighted Shapley support levels values as a further result. The values from this class extend the weighted Shapley values for LS-games and contain the Shapley levels value as a special case. Axiomatizations of the studied classes are provided.
Ultrathin-shell epitaxial Ag@Au core-shell nanowires for high-performance and chemically-stable electronic, optical, and mechanical devices
Authors: Zhu Yangzhi , Kim Sanggon , Ma Xuezhi , Byrley Peter , Yu Ning , Liu Qiushi , Sun Xiaoming , Xu Da , Peng Sangshan , Hartel Martin C. , Zhang Shiming , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Khademhosseini Ali , Yan Ruoxue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSilver nanowires (AgNWs) hold great promise for applications in wearable electronics, flexible solar cells, chemical and biological sensors, photonic/plasmonic circuits, and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) due to their unique plasmonic, mechanical, and electronic properties. However, the lifetime, reliability, and operating conditions of AgNW-based devices are significantly restricted by their poor chemical stability, limiting their commercial potentials. Therefore, it is crucial to create a reliable oxidation barrier on AgNWs that provides long-term chemical stability to various optical, electrical, and mechanical devices while maintaining their high performance. Here we report a room-temperature solution-phase approach to grow an ultra-thin, epitaxial gold coating on AgNWs to effectively shield the Ag surface from environmental oxidation. The Ag@Au core-shell nanowires (Ag@Au NWs) remain stable in air for over six months, under elevated temperature and humidity (80 °C and 100% humidity) for twelve weeks, in physiological buffer solutions for three weeks, and can survive overnight treatment of an oxidative solution (2% H2O2). The Ag@Au core-shell NWs demonstrated comparable performance as pristine AgNWs in various electronic, optical, and mechanical devices, such as transparent mesh electrodes, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, plasmonic waveguides, plasmonic nanofocusing probes, and high-aspect-ratio, high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes. These Au@Ag core-shell NWs offer a universal solution towards chemically-stable AgNW-based devices without compromising material property or device performance.
Cross-sectional properties of reindeer long bones and metapodials allow identification of activity patterns
Authors: Niinimäki Sirpa , Härkönen Laura , Puolakka Hanna-Leena , van den Berg Mathilde , Salmi Anna-Kaisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHabitual loading patterns of domesticated animals may differ due to human influence from their wild counterparts. In the early stages of human-reindeer interaction, cargo and draft use was likely important, as well as corralling tame reindeer. This may result to changes in loading as increased (working) or decreased (captive) loading, as well as foraging patterns (digging for lichen from under the snow versus fed working and/or captive reindeer). Our aim is to study whether differences in activity modify variation in bone cross-sectional properties and external dimensions. Our material consists of donated skeletons of modern reindeer: 20 working reindeer (19 racing and one draft), 24 zoo reindeer, and sample of 78 free-ranging/wild reindeer as a reference group. We used general linear modelling to first establish the total variation in cross-sectional properties among wild and free-ranging reindeer, and then to infer how differences in loading modify observed variation among zoo and working reindeer. According to our results, direction of greater bone quantity as well as external dimensions in of radioulna of female reindeer differs from female reference group, likely relating to foraging behavior. External dimensions of humerus differ in working and zoo male reindeer compared to male reference group. Increased robusticity of long bones, especially of tibia among working male reindeer, may indicate increased loading, and increased cortical area of long bones may indicate sedentary lifestyle among female reindeer. The results of this study can be used to understand early stages of reindeer domestication by observing reindeer activity patterns from archaeological material.
Protein nanomechanics in biological context
Authors: Alegre-Cebollada Jorge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow proteins respond to pulling forces, or protein nanomechanics, is a key contributor to the form and function of biological systems. Indeed, the conventional view that proteins are able to diffuse in solution does not apply to the many polypeptides that are anchored to rigid supramolecular structures. These tethered proteins typically have important mechanical roles that enable cells to generate, sense, and transduce mechanical forces. To fully comprehend the interplay between mechanical forces and biology, we must understand how protein nanomechanics emerge in living matter. This endeavor is definitely challenging and only recently has it started to appear tractable. Here, I introduce the main in vitro single-molecule biophysics methods that have been instrumental to investigate protein nanomechanics over the last 2 decades. Then, I present the contemporary view on how mechanical force shapes the free energy of tethered proteins, as well as the effect of biological factors such as post-translational modifications and mutations. To illustrate the contribution of protein nanomechanics to biological function, I review current knowledge on the mechanobiology of selected muscle and cell adhesion proteins including titin, talin, and bacterial pilins. Finally, I discuss emerging methods to modulate protein nanomechanics in living matter, for instance by inducing specific mechanical loss-of-function (mLOF). By interrogating biological systems in a causative manner, these new tools can contribute to further place protein nanomechanics in a biological context.
Alternative mental health therapies in prolonged lockdowns: narratives from Covid-19
Authors: Radanliev Petar , De Roure David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIdentify and review alternative (home-based) therapies for prolonged lockdowns. Interdisciplinary study using multi-method approach – case study, action research, grounded theory. Only secondary data has been used in this study. Epistemological framework based on a set of digital humanities tools. The set of tools are based on publicly available, open access technological solutions, enabling generalisability of the findings. Alternative therapies can be integrated in healthcare systems as home-based solutions operating on low-cost technologies.
An automated system analysis and design tool for spacecrafts
Authors: Ehresmann Manfred , Herdrich Georg , Fasoulas Stefanos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a generic full-system estimation software tool is introduced and applied to a data set of actual flight missions to derive a heuristic for system composition for mass and power ratios of considered sub-systems. The capability of evolutionary algorithms to analyse and effectively design spacecraft (sub-)systems is shown. After deriving top-level estimates for each spacecraft sub-system based on heuristic heritage data, a detailed component-based system analysis follows. Various degrees of freedom exist for a hardware-based sub-system design; these are to be resolved via an evolutionary algorithm to determine an optimal system configuration. A propulsion system implementation for a small satellite test case will serve as a reference example of the implemented algorithm application. The propulsion system includes thruster, power processing unit, tank, propellant and general power supply system masses and power consumptions. Relevant performance parameters such as desired thrust, effective exhaust velocity, utilised propellant, and the propulsion type are considered as degrees of freedom. An evolutionary algorithm is applied to the propulsion system scaling model to demonstrate that such evolutionary algorithms are capable of bypassing complex multidimensional design optimisation problems. An evolutionary algorithm is an algorithm that uses a heuristic to change input parameters and a defined selection criterion (e.g., mass fraction of the system) on an optimisation function to refine solutions successively. With sufficient generations and, thereby, iterations of design points, local optima are determined. Using mitigation methods and a sufficient number of seed points, a global optimal system configurations can be found.
Hydrological Characteristics of 7th February 2021 Rishi Ganga Flood: Implication towards Understanding Flood Hazards in Higher Himalaya
Authors: Rana Naresh , Sundriyal Yaspal , Sharma Shubhra , Khan Firoz , Kaushik Sameeksha , Chand Pritam , Bagri Dhirendra Singh , Sati Saraswati Prakash , Juyal Navin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A flash flood that originated from Raunthi Gad-a tributary of the Rishi Ganga river, in Garhwal Himalaya, caused unprecedented loss to lives and damaged two hydropower projects on 7th Februray 2021. In order to asses the flood magnitude, the flow parameters of the flood were calculated using the super-elevation of the flood marks preserved in the flood affected valleys.
The textural characteristics of the flood deposits in the upper reaches of the valleys indicate dominance of debris flows. The peak discharge upstream of the confluence of Rishi Ganga and Dhauli Ganga was around 1.1x105 m3/s, which was four order of magnitiude higher than the normal peak discharge (~ 3 m3/s). The flow achieved a velocity of 30±3 m/s. An exponential reduction in the flow velocity (from ~37 to 2 m/s) with distance is observed. For which the river gradient and increase in sediment load is implied flow that along its entrained way downstream between Raini and Tapovan. Considering the sensitivity of paraglacial zones to climate change, the paper calls for detailed studies pertaining to the response of paraglacial zones to extreme weather events. Importnatly, it is necessary to have more hydrological data covering multiple valleys for predictive model simulation of the nature and magnitude of such disasters in future.
Heavy Minerals from Gopalpur Coast, Odisha with Special Reference to Ilmenite: Implication to Provenance
Authors: Chakraborty Dola , Saha Bijan Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The intertidal zone as well as sand dunes of Gopalpur coast, Odisha contains heavy minerals of varying proportions ranging from 6.51 to 8.45 wt% out of &gt; 63 μm fractions. The heavy mineral assemblages are ilmenite, magnetite, garnet, sillimanite, zircon, rutile and hornblende of which ilmenite is dominant. Electron probe micro analysis of ilmenite grain indicates that it contains TiO2 in the range of 50.72% to 58.96% and FeO 37.4% to 57.15% in addition to Cr2O3 (0 to 0.12%), NiO (0 to 0.27%), MnO (0.06% to 2.04%) and MgO (0.17% to 2.16%). Mn/Mg ratios show lower values (0.13 to 2.76) for most of the samples, indicating basic rock source such as pyroxene granulites. Few ilmenite grains are having higher Mn/Mg values varying between 4.55 and 6.58, might have been derived from charnockite and khondalites in the hinterland. Scanning electron microscope photographs of ilmenites show sub-rounded to rounded grains with few grains having angular to sub-angular feature. Their micro morphological features indicate effect of mechanical and chemical weathering. Flattened striated surface with grooves feature may be due to mechanical weathering. Etch marks and pits may be due to differential chemical action in low energy sub-aqueous environment of deposition.
Petrological, Environmental Deposition and Tectonic-Provenance Study of Bhuban Sandstones in Neogene Succession of Aizawl district, Mizoram
Authors: Lalmuankimi Chhakchhuak 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bhuban sandstones in the Bhuban Formation of Surma Group in Mizoram are well exposed in an N-S trending hill range in the city of Aizawl. The petrological studies reveal that quartz, mica, feldspar and lithic fragments are the main constituents of sandstones. Quartz grains exhibited angular to sub-angular with sub-rounded grains suggesting short transport deposition and immature sediment. The sandstones are poorly sorted and mostly cemented by calcareous materials due to diagenetic effects. The value of Chemical Index Alteration indicate intensive chemical weathering under humid condition during the deposition of the sediments in the source areas. Geochemical classification of sandstones resulted in two classes, namely, arkose and litharenite. The ratio of V/Cr value in the sandstones indicate low ventilation condition in the depositional basin which has resulted in poor to moderate sorting of these sediments and the ratio of Ni/Co indicate oxic depositional condition. The tectonic setting discriminant analysis suggested that the Bhuban sandstones were deposited in an active continental margin. The provenance characteristics suggest the influence of plutonic igneous, metmorphic and subordinate sedimentary rocks source transported mostly from Indo-Myanmar ranges during Oligocene to Miocene time.
Assessment of Current and Future Groundwater Stress through Varied Scenario Projections in Urban and Rural Environment in Parts of Meerut District, Uttar Pradesh in Ganges Sub-basin
Authors: Ansari Amir Hamaza Moin , Umar Rashid , Saba Naseem us , Sarah Sarah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Groundwater flow modeling was carried out to assess current and to project future groundwater scenarios in highly populated and water stressed region of Ganges sub-basin. Both the urban and rural densely populated areas of Ganges sub-basin was selected to capture the groundwater usage patterns in these watersheds. The groundwater system geologically consists of sand and clay layers. However, the layers are not stratified and has highly variable thicknesses and at places various layers disappears. Therefore, a 3D model was prepared so that variability in the vertical direction is also taken care. The study area modeled is divided into grids with 37 rows and 37 columns with 1 km size. The month of June 2016 was taken to perform the steady-state simulation as June has the lowest groundwater levels as well as the minimum stress on the aquifer. Subsequently the Transient state calibration was carried out from June 2016 to November 2018. A good match is obtained between calculated and observed heads in steady state conditions after a rigorous calibration with RMS error as 1.822 m. The sensitivity analysis of the model shows that the model is more sensitive to input parameters like recharge and hydraulic conductivity. The prediction scenarios were developed for a period of 10 years from 2018 to 2028 using the local conditions of groundwater utilization as well as projected rainfall. The rise in water level in rural areas is observed resulting from artificial sources like canal recharge and irrigation return flows from irrigated lands. The rise in groundwater level is in the range of 0.13 – 0.31 m/year in Scenario I and 0.11 – 0.47 m/year in Scenario II. The decline in groundwater levels is noticed in urban areas which are a result of heavy domestic and industrial groundwater withdrawal and absence of recharge areas. The decline in groundwater level is in the range of 0.12 – 0.31 m/year in Scenario I and 0.24 – 0.33 m/year in Scenario II.
Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zone using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Kumari Anshu , Singh Ajai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present study, the groundwater potential zone was demarcated and suitable site selection for the water storage structures was identified in the Deoria watershed of Jharkhand by using analytical hierarchy process. Thematic layers of lithology, geomorphology, soil, lineament, lineament density, slope, relief, aspects, drainage, drainage density, land use and land cover, and groundwater depth maps were created. The watershed falls under fourth-order river basin. A major portion of the basin is mainly dominated by lower order streams. Groundwater potential zones were categorized as very good, good, moderate, bad, and very bad. Only 9.37% of the total watershed area falls under a very good category. Twenty-eight suitable sites were recognized for constructing water harvesting structure in the Deoria watershed. The vast majority of the Deoria watersheds were observed to be appropriate for check dam. The watershed is characterized as having a reasonable land-use class (forest, river bed), slope (under 15%) and soil type (sandy loamy topsoil) which fills the need for soil and water conservation and groundwater expansion. The appropriateness of other water storage structures like nala bandh, farm pond and bore well were apportioned on the grounds. Remote sensing, satellite data, and GIS techniques provide a convenient approach for delineating the potential of groundwater zones which ultimately support the better planning and management of groundwater resources.
Ascertaining Erosion Potential of Watersheds using Morphometric and Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Processes: A Case Study of Agrani River Watershed, India
Authors: Sawant Sushant Anil , Das Arun S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The dryland watersheds are particularly vulnerable to degradation, especially by soil erosion. The morphometric indices of such river watersheds quantitatively describe the process of soil-erosion and development. Prioritizing such watersheds for the conservation of existing natural resources by identifying erosion risk areas is crucial for sustainable development. The present study proposes an effective multicriteria decision support model (MCDSM) known as the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process to identify and prioritize the erosion-prone sub-watersheds of the Agrani river. The methodology is developed by integrating the Fuzzy-AHP method, basin morphometric analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS). The ranks assigned to all sub-watershed using final score derived from the Fuzzy-AHP process. These sub-watersheds categorized into five levels of prioritization based on Fuzzy-AHP scores as very low, low, medium, high, and very high for the management and conservation of soil. The result illustrates that eleven sub-watersheds covering approximately 68.62% of the Agrani River watershed falls in the medium, high, and very high, erosion risk areas. The current research shows that the fuzzy-AHP model, drainage morphometry, and GIS approach can be effectively used in identifying and prioritizing crucial sub-water-sheds for better management practices and conservation of natural resources.
GeomInt: geomechanical integrity of host and barrier rocks–experiments, models and analysis of discontinuities
Authors: Kolditz Olaf , Fischer Thomas , Frühwirt Thomas , Görke Uwe-Jens , Helbig Carolin , Konietzky Heinz , Maßmann Jobst , Nest Mathias , Pötschke Daniel , Rink Karsten , Sattari Amir , Schmidt Patrick , Steeb Holger , Wuttke Frank , Yoshioka Keita , Vowinckel Bernhard , Ziefle Gesa , Nagel Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present paper gives an overview of the GeomInt project “Geomechanical integrity of host and barrier rocks—experiment, modelling and analysis of discontinuities” which has been conducted from 2017–2020 within the framework of the “Geo:N Geosciences for Sustainability” program. The research concept of the collaborative project is briefly introduced followed by a summary of the most important outcomes. The research concept puts geological discontinuities into the centre of investigations—as these belong to the most interesting and critical elements for any subsurface utilisation. Thus, while research questions are specific, they bear relevance to a wide range of applications. The specific research is thus integrated into a generic concept in order to make the results more generally applicable and transferable. The generic part includes a variety of conceptual approaches and their numerical realisations for describing the evolution of discontinuities in the most important types of barrier rocks. An explicit validation concept for the generic framework was developed and realised by specific “model-experiment-exercises” (MEX) which combined experiments and models in a systematic way from the very beginning. 16 MEX have been developed which cover a wide range of fundamental fracturing mechanisms, i.e. swelling/shrinkage, fluid percolation, and stress redistribution processes. The progress in model development is also demonstrated by field-scale applications, e.g. in the analysis and design of experiments in underground research laboratories in Opalinus Clay (URL Mont Terri, Switzerland) and salt rock (research mine Springen, Germany).
Asphaltene precipitation modeling in dead crude oils using scaling equations and non-scaling models: comparative study
Authors: Ali Syed Imran , Lalji Shaine Mohammadali , Haneef Javed , Louis Clifford , Saboor Abdus , Yousaf Nimra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research study aims to conduct a comparative performance analysis of different scaling equations and non-scaling models used for modeling asphaltene precipitation. The experimental data used to carry out this study are taken from the published literature. Five scaling equations which include Rassamadana et al., Rassamdana and Sahimi, Hu and Gou, Ashoori et al., and log–log scaling equations were used and applied in two ways, i.e., on full dataset and partial datasets. Partial datasets are developed by splitting the full dataset in terms of Dilution ratio (R) between oil and precipitant. It was found that all scaling equations predict asphaltene weight percentage with reasonable accuracy (except Ashoori et al. scaling equation for full dataset) and their performance is further enhanced when applied on partial datasets. For the prediction of Critical dilution ratio (Rc) for different precipitants to detect asphaltene precipitation onset point, all scaling equations (except Ashoori et scaling equation when applied on partial datasets) are either unable to predict or produce results with significant error. Finally, results of scaling equations are compared with non-scaling model predictions which include PC-Saft, Flory–Huggins, and solid models. It was found that all scaling equations (except Ashoori et al. scaling equation for full dataset) either yield almost the same or improved results for asphaltene weight percentage when compared to best case (PC-Saft). However, for the prediction of Rc, Ashoori et al. scaling equation predicts more accurate results as compared to other non-scaling models.