bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Preoperative Prediction of Localization of Neonatal Gastrointestinal Perforation
Authors: Huang Yao , Wu Yuhua , Jin Dongmei , Tang Qing , Yuan Peng , Lu Qi 
Published: November 2021

Background: Information regarding the localization of gastrointestinal perforation is crucial for the following surgical procedure. This study was to determine the key indicators and develop a prediction model for the localization in neonates with gastrointestinal perforation.Methods: A nomogram to predict the location of neonatal gastrointestinal perforation was developed using a cohort of patients who underwent surgery between July 2009 and May 2021. Baseline variables were analyzed using logistics regression and nomogram developed using significant predictors. The predictive performance of the nomogram was assessed by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The nomogram was further validated in an integrated external cohort.Results: We investigated the data of 201 patients, of which 65 (32.3%) were confirmed with upper gastrointestinal perforation by surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following as independent predictors: preterm [OR: 5.014 (1.492–18.922)], time of onset [OR: 0.705 (0.582–0.829)], preoperative hemoglobin [OR:1.017 (1.001–1.033)], bloody stool: No [OR: 4.860 (1.270–23.588)], shock [OR: 5.790 (1.683–22.455)] and sepsis: No [OR 3.044 (1.124–8.581)]. Furthermore, the nomogram was effective in predicting the perforation site, with an AUC of 0.876 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.830–0.923]. Internal validation showed that the average AUC was 0.861. Additionally, the model achieved satisfactory discrimination (AUC, 0.900; 95% CI, 0.826–0.974) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.4802) in external validation.Conclusions: The nomogram based on the six factors revealed good discrimination and calibration, suggesting good clinical utility. The nomogram could help surgeons predict the location of gastrointestinal perforation before surgery to make a surgical plan.
Cost-Effectiveness of Domestic PD-1 Inhibitor Camrelizumab Combined With Chemotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in China
Authors: Qiao Liu , Zhou Zhen , Zeng Xiaohui , Tan Chongqing 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Camrelizumab is the first domestic PD-1inhibitor approved to be combined with chemotherapy as a first-line therapy for advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in China. The purpose of this study was to determine whether using camrelizumab in the first-line setting is cost-effective in China when compared with traditional chemotherapy or the imported PD-1inhibitor pembrolizumab.Material and Methods: A Markov model was built to simulate 3-week patient transitions over a 30-year horizon from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Health states included stable disease, first progression, second progression, and death. A direct comparison between first-line camrelizumab in combination with pemetrexed and carboplatin (CPC) and pemetrexed plus carboplatin (PC) was performed by calculating transition probabilities from the CameL trial. An indirect comparison between first-line CPC and pembrolizumab in combination with pemetrexed and platinum (PPP) was performed by calculating transition probabilities using a network meta-analysis. Costs in the Chinese setting were collected from the local public database and literatures. Sensitivity analyses explored the uncertainty around model parameters.Results: In the primary analysis, first-line CPC gained an additional 0.41 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) with an incremental cost of $3,486 compared with PC, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $8,378 per QALY gained. In the secondary analysis, first-line PPP yielded an additional 0.10 QALYs at an incremental cost of $6,710, resulting in an ICER of $65,563 per QALY gained.Conclusion: For Chinese patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC without targetable genetic aberrations, our primary analysis results supported first-line CPC as a cost-effective treatment compared with traditional PC chemotherapy. The findings of our secondary analysis suggested that first-line PPP would not be a cost-effective option compared with first-line CPC. This analysis provided strong evidence for promoting the widespread use of first-line CPC in China and, to some extent, stimulated the enthusiasm for the development of domestic cancer drugs.
Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting IL-5 or IL-5Rα in Eosinophilic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chuchu , Wang Yalei , Zhang Meng , Su Xiaojie , Lei Ting , Yu Haichuan , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2021

Background: Although the predominant airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is neutrophilic, approximately 20–40% of COPD patients present with eosinophilic airway inflammation. Compared with non-eosinophilic COPD patients, eosinophilic COPD patients are characterized by a greater number of total exacerbations and higher hospitalization rates. Furthermore, anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) therapy, consisting of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting IL-5 or IL-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα), has been proven to be effective in severe eosinophilic asthma. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of anti-IL-5 therapy in eosinophilic COPD.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to August 2020 (updated in June 2021) to identify studies comparing anti-IL-5 therapy (including mepolizumab, benralizumab, and reslizumab) with placebo in eosinophilic COPD patients.Results: Anti-IL-5 therapy was associated with a decrease in acute exacerbation rate (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.95, I2 = 0%) and the severe adverse events (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.97, I2 = 0%). However, no significant improvement was observed in pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (WMD 0.01; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.03, I2 = 25.9%), SGRQ score (WMD −1.17; 95% CI −2.05 to −0.29, I2 = 0%), and hospital admission rate (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.07, I2 = 20.8%).Conclusion: Anti-IL-5 therapy significantly reduced the annual acute exacerbation rate and severe adverse events in eosinophilic COPD patients. However, it did not improve lung function, quality of life, and hospitalization rate.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Lei Jing , Liu Yi , Wang Yu , Huang Lin , Feng Yufei 
Published: November 2021

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing are widely used as approaches to improve individualized (personalized) pharmacotherapy. Little is known about TDM and PGx testing services in China. This study is aimed to describe the TDM and PGx testing services in northern China, and to lay the foundation for improving these services.Methods: We developed an electronic survey using online software and disseminated it to 32 public hospitals in northern China from May to July 2019. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program (Ver.27.0).Results: We collected 29 of the 32 questionnaires (90.6% response rate) from public hospitals in seven provinces of northern China. Twenty-two public hospitals (76%) utilized TDM; immune suppressants, antiepileptic drugs and anti-infective drugs were the main drugs monitored. The hospitals that did not provide TDM service were traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and hospitals with a smaller number of hospital beds. Seventeen public hospitals (58.6%) had PGx testing programs. The hospitals that did not offer PGx testing service had a smaller number of hospital beds and had fewer daily outpatients.Conclusion: TDM is available in the vast majority of public hospitals in northern China, although mainly in tertiary hospitals. PGx testing, a newer approach, is less widely available. We recommend that more hospitals be encouraged to provide TDM and PGx testing services and more efforts be directed toward quality control, delivery of results and counseling of patients based on those results.
Quantification of Chlorogenic Acid and Vanillin from Coffee Peel Extract and its Effect on α-Amylase Activity, Immunoregulation, Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, and Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression Levels in H2O2-Induced Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Khalil Alyahya Heba , Subash-Babu Pandurangan , Mohammad Salamatullah Ahmad , Hayat Khizar , Albader Nawal , Alkaltham Mohammed Saeed , Ahmed Mohammed Asif , Arzoo Shaista , Bourhia Mohammed 
Published: November 2021

Background: Polyphenols and flavonoid-rich foods help in arresting reactive oxygen species development and protecting DNA from oxidative damage. Coffee peel (CP) preparations are consumed as beverages, and their total polyphenol or flavonoid content and their effect on oxidative stress–induced human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are poorly understood.Method: We prepared hot water extracts of CP (CPE) and quantified the amount of total polyphenol and flavonoid using HPLC analysis. In addition, CPE have been studied for their α-amylase inhibitory effect and beneficial effects in oxidative stress–induced hMSCs.Results: The obtained results show that the availability of chlorogenic acid, vanillin, and salicylic acid levels in CPE is more favorable for enhancing cell growth, nuclear integrity, and mitochondrial efficiency which is confirmed by propidium iodide staining and JC-1 staining. CPE treatment to hMSCs for 48 h reduced oxidative stress by decreasing mRNA expression levels of LPO and NOX-4 and in increasing antioxidant CYP1A, GSH, GSK-3β, and GPX mRNA expressions. Decreased pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, NF-κβ, IL-1β, TLR-4) and increased tumor suppressor genes (except Bcl-2) such as Cdkn2A, p53 expressions have been observed.Conclusions: The availability of CGA in CPs effectively reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased tumor suppressor genes.
Real-World Data of Tigecycline-Associated Drug-Induced Liver Injury Among Patients in China: A 3-year Retrospective Study as Assessed by the Updated RUCAM
Authors: Shi Xiaoping , Zuo Chengchun , Yu Lingling , Lao Donghui , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Qing , Lv Qianzhou 
Published: November 2021

Background: Tigecycline, a glycylcycline antibiotic, is increasingly used clinically for the treatment of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, but it is also associated with hepatotoxicity. However, the incidence and risk factors of tigecycline-associated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are unclear. We conducted this study to investigate the incidence, characteristics and risk factors of tigecycline-associated DILI in the real-world clinic setting.Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in inpatients who received tigecycline treatment from January 2018 to January 2020. Based on the biochemical criteria of DILI and the causality assessment by Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) using cases with a probable or highly probable causality grading, two clinical pharmacists and one clinician worked together to screen patients for tigecycline-associated DILI. Then patients with DILI were randomly matched by gender in a ratio of 1:2 to the remaining patients in the tigecycline cohort without biochemical abnormalities to identify risk factors.Results: A total of 973 patients from 1,250 initial participants were included. The incidence of tigecycline-associated DILI was 5.7% (55/973). Among 55 DILI patients, 10 cases presented with the hepatocellular pattern, 4 cases belonged to the mixed pattern, and 41 presented with the cholestatic pattern. Most cases reached the severity of grade 1 and 2. The rate of recovery in hepatocellular pattern, mixed pattern, and cholestatic pattern was 70.0, 50.0, and 41.5%, respectively. The proportion of the DILI cases treated with high dose (100 mg) and prolonged duration (&gt;14 days) was significantly higher than standard dose and routine duration (100.0% vs. 18.1%, p &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high maintenance dose (OR = 1.028, p = 0.002), prolonged duration (OR = 1.208, p = 0.000), and number of hepatotoxic drugs (OR = 2.232, p = 0.000) were independent factors of tigecycline-associated DILI.Conclusion: Tigecycline was associated with liver injury, with a slightly higher incidence (5.7%) than the frequency of “frequent” (5%) defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Patients with a high maintenance dose and prolonged tigecycline regimen, as well as concomitant use of multiple hepatotoxic drugs should be paid more attention.
First Report of CC5-MRSA-IV-SCCfus “Maltese Clone” in Bat Guano
Authors: Mairi Assia , Touati Abdelaziz , Pantel Alix , Yahiaoui Martinez Alex , Ahmim Mourad , Sotto Albert , Dunyach-Remy Catherine , Lavigne Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2021

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a widespread pathogen that could cause different illnesses in both human and animals. Presence of MRSA in animals raises concerns of their capacity to act as reservoirs, particularly in wild animals. This study aimed to characterize the resistance and virulence patterns of S. aureus strains isolated from bat guano in Algeria. From March to May 2016, 98 bat guano samples from Aokas’s cave (Bejaia, Algeria) were collected. Swabs were taken for microbiological studies. Isolates were identified by Vitek® MS system, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. The clonal origin, virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. aureus isolates were characterized by whole genome sequencing. Eleven S. aureus strains were obtained from the 98 guano samples. Seven isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics tested and four (36.3%) were resistant to penicillin G, cefoxitin and fusidic acid. The four MRSA isolates were assigned to the sequence type ST149 and related to spa type t010. These isolates harbored a SCCmecIV element and the fusidic acid resistance element Q6GD50 (fusC). They carried different virulence genes including several enterotoxins (sea, egc enterotoxin locus, sec, sel), and the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst). Our results highlight that bat guano may constitute an important reservoir of MRSA strains.
Development of Graphite- and Graphene Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Zoltán Pirityi Dávid , Kornél Pölöskei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The environmental impact of rubber waste can be reduced by extending the lifetime of rubber products. It can be achieved by developing graphene/rubber nanocomposites with good abrasion resistance. In this paper, we investigated how rubber mixing technologies influence the mechanical properties of rubber. We added various amounts (0, 1, 5 and 10 phr) of graphite and graphene to rubber mixtures using a two-roll mill, an internal mixer, a single- and a twin-screw extruder. We performed tensile, tear strength and Shore A hardness tests on the vulcanisates and analysed their fracture surfaces with a scanning electron microscope. Our results show that graphene had a better reinforcing effect than graphite. Rubber mixing via extrusion may contribute to more severe polymer degradation, though their reproducibility is better than that achieved on a two-roll mill or in an internal mixer.
Efeitos da eletroestimulação na função musculoventilatória em humanos: revisão de escopo
Authors: Oliveira Maria Itamara da Silva , Pedrosa Rafaela , Gama Tatiana Onofre , Lima José Heriston de Morais , Júnior Ubiraçé Fernando Elihimas , Andrade Suellen Marinho , França Eduardo Eriko Tenório 
Published: November 2021

Introdução. Várias técnicas de neuromodulação vêm sendo utilizadas com grande potencial terapêutico e a eletroestimulação tem surgido na literatura científica e na prática clínica com finalidades e resultados surpreendentes. Objetivo. Analisar os efeitos das técnicas de eletroestimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) e estimulação elétrica transcutânea (EET) na função musculoventilatória em seres humanos. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo com pesquisa bibliográfica realizada nas bases de dados BVS e PubMed, utilizando-se como referência o checklist PRIMA-Scr. Resultados. Foram recuperados 282 estudos e após o processo de elegibilidade, 15 estudos foram analisados, destes, sete avaliaram os efeitos da ETCC e oito, os da EET. A ETCC foi aplicada sob diferentes protocolos experimentais, majoritariamente em apenas uma sessão de estimulação, por 10 ou 20 minutos, em 1mA ou 2mA, e com montagem de eletrodos variáveis, conforme área cerebral estimulada. Seus efeitos foram heterogêneos, variando de melhora à um desfecho negativo. Já a EET abrangeu diferentes correntes elétricas e processos metodológicas. A maioria utilizou uma sessão de estimulação, variando de 15 a 240 minutos, intensidade de corrente e posicionamento de eletrodos variável, dependente do tipo de corrente e da área estimulada. Em todos houve melhora de pelo menos uma variável de estudo. Conclusão. Os resultados da EET se mostraram satisfatórios melhora da função musculoventilatória de seres humanos. Já os da ETCC se revelaram ainda pouco elucidados, requerendo estudos mais homogêneos. Sugere-se a realização de mais pesquisas para sanar lacunas sobre os efeitos dessas correntes, a curto e longo prazo.
Long-distance spin current transmission in single-crystalline NiO thin films
Authors: Ikebuchi Tetsuya , Kobayashi Yuta , Sugiura Itaru , Shiota Yoichi , Ono Teruo , Moriyama Takahiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Spin current transmission in antiferromagnets is one of the most interesting focuses in antiferromagnetic spintronics. Its study may provide access to spin superfluid physics, which gives rise to metastable spin supercurrents. In this work, we investigate the spin current transmission in a single-crystalline NiO (111) and NiO (001) of the NiO/Fe20Ni80 and Pt/NiO/Fe20Ni80 epitaxial films by the spin-pumping enhanced damping of FeNi. The spin transmission length is estimated to be

λ

NiO

(
111
)

= 50 ± 4 nm and

λ

NiO

(
001
)

≫
100

nm
,

for NiO (111) and NiO (001), respectively. The results are succinctly discussed in the framework of the spin superfluidity mechanism.
Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Kinerja Universitas Advent Indonesia (UNAI)
Authors: Limbong Albinur 
Published: November 2021

Pandemi covid-19 telah melanda Indonesia bahkan seluruh dunia sejak awal tahun 2020, dan banyak manusia telah menderita penyakit akibat pandemic ini dan bahkan tidak sedikit manusia yang telah meninggal. Disamping membunuh begitu banyak manusia, pandemic covid-19 telah menjadi mimpi buruk bagi banyak orang yang hidup di dunia sekarang ini, telah menghancurkan perekonomian, bahkan setiap aspek kehidupan kita, termasuk dunia pendidikan. Pemerintah Indonesia telah menerapkan regulasi lock-down untuk menghambat atau memutus rantai penyebaran covid-19, dimana orang diharuskan bekerja dari rumah. Tidak terkecuali, UNAI secara tiba-tiba harus mengubah proses belajar mengajar dari tatap muka di kelas (offline) menjadi daring (online), sekalipun UNAI adalah perguruan tinggi berasrama dimana mahasiswa harus tinggal di asrama. Sehubungan dengan perubahan yang tiba-tiba dari proses belajar mengajar ini, tentu ini akan berdampak pada prestasi belajar mahasiswa, kinerja dosen maupun institusi. Adalah menarik untuk mempelajari apakah pandemi covid-19 membawa dampak negative saja kepada UNAI atau apakah ada dampak positifnya. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk melihat apakah pandemi covid-19 berdampak pada kinerja mahasiswa, dosen dan UNAI sebagai institusi. Kinerja mahasiswa dilihat dari indeks prestasi semester (IPS) mahasiswa, sementara kinerja dosen dilihat dari evaluasi dosen oleh mahasiswa dan kinerja publikasi hasil penelitian. Kinerja UNAI secara institusi, selain kinerja mahasiswa dan dosen, juga dilihat kinerja keuangan, rangking, akreditasi dan lain-lain. Studi ini dilakukan sejak Maret 2020 hingga Juni 2021. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pandemic covid-19 berdampak positif pada pencapaian mahasiswa, karena ada peningkatan rerata IPS yang cukup signifikan dari 3,21 menjadi 3,26. Namun dari segi evaluasi dosen oleh mahasiswa ada sedikit penurunan, walau tidak signifikan, dari 4,41 menjadi 4,39. Persentasi dosen yang menghasilkan publikasi buku maupun artikel ilmiah di jurnal yang diakui meningkat dari sekitar 40% (sebelum pandemi) menjadi 55% (pada saat pandemi). Secara institusi, UNAI menunjukkan kinerja yang bahkan lebih baik pada masa pandemi covid-19, dilihat rangking UNAI menurut badan perangkingan dunia (webometrics), akreditasi, dan indikator keuangan (working capital, liquidity and cash). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, sekalipun ada sisi negatifnya, pandemi covid-19 telah membawa dampak positif kepada UNAI. Pandemi Covid-19 adalah seperti berkat di tengah musibah (blessing in disguise) bagi UNAI.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA GEJALA KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN METODE BACKWARD CHAINING
Authors: Silalahi Shannon Marget Cloudy 
Published: November 2021

Sistem Pakar adalah bagian dari Kecerdasan Buatan yang mengandung pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang disediakan oleh banyak pakar sesuai wilayah pengetahuan tertentu sehingga setiap orang dapat menggunakan untuk memecahkan masalah yang spesifik. Implementasi sistem pakar banyak digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan seperti gangguan kejiwaan (psikologis) seperti kecanduan atau ketagihan. Sebagai contoh melakukan diagnosa terhadap suatu pertanda kecanduan. Diagnosa adalah proses melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap sesuatu dengan menggunakan cara dan teknik tertentu. Diagnosa dilakukan untuk menjelaskan apakah seseorang mengeluarkan / melaporkan hal tertentu misalnya penyakit psikis seperti kecanduan game online Diharapkan dengan sistem ini, orang awam dapat menyelesaikan masalah tertentu dengan mudah membantu para ahli dalam bidang tersebut. Dan juga memberikan kemudahan dalam mendiagnosa seseorang terhadap kecanduan game online serta memberikan kemudahan dalam informasi kategori terhadap kecanduan game online. Sementara bagi para ahli, sistem ini dapat digunakan sebagai asisten yang berpengalaman. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk dengan hanya menganalisa data tersebut dengan berbasis website. Metode ini merupakan metode yang tepat dalam sistem pakar.
Urgensi Implementasi Kebijakan Afirmatif Action Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Berpolitik Masyarakat Adat Dalam Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia
Authors: Yanuari Fira Saputri 
Published: November 2021

Pemilihan Umum atau biasa disebut dengan pesta demokrasi rakyat adalah salah satu parameter utama untuk mengukur keberhasilan penerapan demokrasi di suatu negara. Namun, ternyata belum semua rakyat Indonesia mengambil peran memilih dalam pemilu. Permasalahan timbul karena banyaknya masyarakat adat yang tidak memiliki domisili sehingga tidak mempunyai E-KTP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif yang tidak melupakan isu-isu yang ada di masyarakat. Melihat permasalahan yang terjadi, Penulis memiliki gagasan untuk menerapkan metode Afirmatif Action dengan cara memberikan kebebasan kepada setiap masyrakat adat yang belum terakomodir oleh KPU sebagai DPT melalui pemerintah daerah, sebagaimana yang tertera pada Pasal 96 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa bahwa Pemerintah, Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi, dan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten/Kota melakukan penataan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat dan ditetapkan menjadi Desa Adat. Atas bunyi pasal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa sesungguhnya permasalahan terkait masyarakat dapat teratasi dengan diberikannya kewenangan di setiap KPU Kabupaten/Kota untuk mendata setiap masyarakat adat yang ada di wilayahnya dan memberikan metode afirmatif action yang tepat untuk melakukan sendiri mekanisme pemilu.