bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing strong-field two-photon transitions through dynamic interference
Authors: Tóth Attila , Csehi András 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate how strong-field multiphoton transitions between dynamically shifted atomic levels can be traced in the energy spectra of emitted photoelectrons. Applying an ultrafast and intense laser pulse, two-photon Rabi oscillations are induced between two bound states of an atom. A third photon from the same pulse directly ionizes the atom, thus the emitted photoelectrons coherently probe the underlying dynamics. As the instantaneous energy of photoelectrons follows the pulse intensity envelope, modulated by the ac Stark shifts, electrons emitted with the same energy but at different times—at the rising and falling edge of the pulse—will interfere leading to pronounced dynamic interference pattern in the spectra. We investigate this phenomenon both numerically and analytically by developing a minimal three-state model that incorporates two-photon coupling and dynamically shifted atomic levels. On the example of atomic lithium (2s → → 4s → continuum) we show how the individual ac Stark shifts and the two-photon Rabi frequency are reflected through the asymmetry, shifting and splitting of the interference structure of the computed photopeaks.
Arbitrary power allocation for multiple beams using amplitude- and phase-coded metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Tian Yi , Li Yun Bo , Li He , Wang Hai Peng , Shen Jia Lin , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Digital-coding metasurfaces provide a convenient method for designing metasurface-based functional devices. By delicately arranging the coding sequences, electromagnetic fields on the metasurfaces can be modulated for applications like wave-front engineering, amplitude controlling and polarization conversion. Theoretically, to fully realize arbitrary profiles for radiation patterns, both amplitude and phase modulations are needed for the responses of meta-atoms. Here, a method is proposed to generate multiple beams with arbitrary power intensity ratios using 2 bit amplitude and 2 bit phase digital-coding metasurfaces. A detailed process for designing the coding sequences is elaborated, and four-layer conformal square-loop meta-atoms are adopted to achieve 16 combinations of amplitude and phase codes. Two prototypes with dual beams of different radiation angles and power allocations are simulated, fabricated and measured. The experimental results match well with the predesigned expectations, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method. It suggests that the digital-coding metasurface is a good candidate for multi-beam radiation pattern syntheses and is promising for various multi-functional telecommunication and radar applications.
Comprehensive influence of modulated and bias magnetic fields on an atomic magnetometer
Authors: Yan Yin  , Zhou Binquan , Yin Kaifeng , Tang Junjian , Ning Xiaolin , Han Bangcheng , Fang Jiancheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The comprehensive influence of the amplitude and frequency of the modulated magnetic field and the magnitude of the bias magnetic field on the performance of an atomic magnetometer have been investigated. Under different magnetic fields, the combined action of the spin precession signal caused by a high-amplitude magnetic field and the influence of magnetic field on relaxation makes the time domain output signal and the amplitude of the first to fourth harmonics show different characteristics, which cannot be explained by the classical analytical calculation solution. By considering the influence of the magnetic field on the transverse relaxation, a more complete model is constructed to explain the phenomenon with a numerical solution, and the overall fit is 93.26%. Based on the single beam and magnetic field modulation scheme, a compact magnetometer is constructed for verification, with a volume of 56.7 cm3 and a sensitivity of 30 fT/Hz1/2.
Bulk nanomachining of cantilevers with Nb nanoSQUIDs based on nanobridge Josephson junctions
Authors: Faley M I , Bikulov T I , Bosboom V , Golubov A A , Dunin-Borkowski R E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nanometer-scale superconducting quantum interference devices (nanoSQUIDs) were fabricated within a distance of 1 µm from the corners of 2

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2

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0.05 mm Si cantilevers that are intended for use in a scanning nanoSQUID microscope. The nanoSQUIDs contained Josephson junctions (JJs) in the form of Nb-based nanobridges, which had widths down to 10 nm and were patterned using hydrogen silsesquioxane negative resist. Numerical simulations of the superconducting current and the spatial distribution of the order parameter in the nanobridge JJs and the nanoSQUID, as well as the current–phase relationship in the nanobridge JJs, were performed according to Ginzburg–Landau equations on one-dimensional and two-dimensional grids. Bulk micromachining of the Si cantilever was performed using reactive ion etching with SF6 gas through masks of nLOF 2020 photoresist from the front side and a quartz shadow mask from the back side of the substrate. An etch rate of 6 µmmin−1 for Si was achieved for a power of 300 W of the inductively coupled SF6 plasma. The nanoSQUIDs exhibited non-hysteretic current–voltage characteristics on the cantilever. The estimated spin sensitivity of 48 µ
B (√Hz)−1 is sufficient for use of such a nanoSQUID as a magnetic field sensor for studying nanoscale objects, with a projected total distance to the object of below 100 nm.
Adaptable transfer-matrix method for fixed-energy finite-width beams
Authors: Bernal A , Avendaño J , Valencia-Torres R , García-Ravelo J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work presents a novel methodology to analytically solve the stationary Schrödinger equation in presence of a couple of two-dimensional semi-infinite rectangular potential barriers, when the incident wave is a finite-width monoenergetic wave packet. Such methodology does not depend at all on the incident wavefront of the packet and is based on the transfer-matrix method, but unlike the latter, our transfer matrix is built partly in real space and partly in Fourier space. A spectrum of angular plane waves is used to represent the incident, reflected and transmitted beams. As a particular case, we study the transmission of Hermite-Gaussian wave packets through the barrier system. A detailed analysis of the transmission coefficient is carried out as a function of both the parameters of the incident beam (which in turn are directly related to the shape of the incident packet) and the parameters of the barriers. We also briefly discuss the behavior of the probability density of three transmitted beams.
A minimal model for household-based testing and tracing in epidemics
Authors: Huber Greg , Kamb Mason , Kawagoe Kyle , Li Lucy M , McGeever Aaron , Miller Jonathan , Veytsman Boris , Zigmond Dan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In a previous work (Huber et al. 2020 Phys. Biol.
17 065010), we discussed virus transmission dynamics modified by a uniform clustering of contacts in the population: close contacts within households and more distant contacts between households. In this paper, we discuss testing and tracing in such a stratified population. We propose a minimal tracing strategy consisting of random testing of the entire population plus full testing of the households of those persons found positive. We provide estimates of testing frequency for this strategy to work.
Passively mode-locked Yb-doped all-fiber oscillator using self-made strain-compensated semiconductor mirrors as saturable absorbers
Authors: Su Ning , Li Pingxue , Lin Nan , Yao Chuanfei , Xiong Wenhao , Dong Xueyan , Yang Min , Ma Xiaoyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a linear-cavity mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser using self-made semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs). The SESAMs are grown by means of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, with a design of high modulation depth using strain-compensated multiple quantum wells. We choose two kinds of self-made SESAMs with different periods of top reflector in the linear cavity, and they can both be applied to stable mode-locking operation without damage. The output characteristics of the mode-locked oscillator indicate that SESAMs with high modulation depth are beneficial for mode-locked fiber lasers and the modulation depth can limit the pulse width of the output pulses.
Metasurface-assisted reflection-type terahertz beam splitter
Authors: Li Jiu-sheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We designed and theoretically verified a reflection-type terahertz beam splitter based on a metasurface, which consisted of a two-dimensional S-shaped meta-atom periodic array and a metal bottom plate, separated by a polyimide layer. Using a predesigned coding sequence, the proposed structure was able to realize a number of scattered terahertz beams and the directional manipulation of the reflected terahertz wave beams in a terahertz frequency range (from 0.9 THz to 1.9 THz). The far-field scattering of the proposed design was simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The results verified that the designed device was able to reduce a radar cross-section larger than −10 dB in a frequency range from 0.9 THz to 1.4 THz and from 1.65 THz to 1.9 THz. This work provides new ideas for the design of terahertz devices.
Inter-particle ratchet effect determines global current of heterogeneous particles diffusing in confinement
Authors: Mallmin E , Blythe Richard A , Evans Martin R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In a model of N volume-excluding spheres in a d-dimensional tube, we consider how differences between the drift velocities, diffusivities, and sizes of particles influence the steady-state distribution and axial particle current. We show that the model is exactly solvable when the geometrical constraints prevent any particle from overtaking all others—a notion we term quasi-one-dimensionality. Then, due to a ratchet effect, the current is biased towards the velocities of the least diffusive particles. We consider special cases of this model in one dimension, and derive the exact joint gap distribution for driven tracers in a passive bath. We describe the relationship between phase-space structure and irreversible drift that makes the quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) supposition key to the model’s solvability.
Experimental Verification of Single-Stage Power Factor Correction Converter with Improved Light-Load Efficiency
Authors: Thangisetty Yashwanth , Balamurugan P. , Senthil Kumar N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Single-stage single-switch ac/dc converters with power factor correction will have higher power losses under a light-load condition, as compared to that of two-stage approach, due to sharing of a common power transistor such that the power factor correction (PFC) stage cannot be switched OFF separately to save power losses. This paper addresses the problem by using a buck topology for the PFC stage of single-stage single-switch converters as it can completely turned OFF. This converter topology is capable of working in both buck mode and buck-boost mode depending on the rectified voltage at input side and power at load side. A simple and effective topology incorporating PFC for low power applications is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. Hardware implementation of the converter was and performance was verified with various practical light loads. It also satisfies the harmonic compliance of source current in accordance to the IEEE519:1992 recommendations. The control is very simple and gives good performance.
Smart House Control using LabVIEW
Authors: Angalaeswari S , Deepa T , Subbulekshmi D , Krithiga S. , Narsimha Reddy Machupalli , Siddartha Kuntumalla , Chaitanya C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This project is solely based on the IOT application of Smart house. This is the day and age of smart devices. Companies are looking to transform the way humans interact with the environment. So digital technologies such as IOT is gaining popularity across the globe. So, trying to implement an IOT model which can function with the help of LabView and Arduino. The main objective of this project is to implement 5 subsystems which are frequently used in a smart house namely: Internal lighting system, External lighting system, Burglar alarm, Temperature and Smoke detector. The other main objective is to monitor the sensor data on the front panel of LabVIEW. The project is successfully completed and the original goals are met. The sensor data is continuously monitored and this data can be viewed on the front panel of LabVIEW. And with the help of LabVIEW, various loads can be controlled such as lights and fans.
ANFIS controller based frequency linked availability based tariff mechanism for a restructured power system
Authors: Pappachen Abhijith , Peer Fathima A , Morris Stella 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes the frequency linked availability based tariff (ABT) mechanism along with ANFIS controller for extenuating the issues in load frequency control (LFC) for a four area deregulated/restructured power system. To scrutinize the effective performance of the proposed approach, the dynamic performance of the system is analyzed with single and bilateral contract considering the value of the marginal cost higher and lesser than the Unscheduled interchange (UI). For this analysis, UI rate chart from the Central Electricity Regulation Commission (CERC) is used. The simulation results confirm that the ANFIS controller performance is comparatively better than proportional controller in two different contract cases.
Strength predictions of GGBS based cement mortar with different M-Sands using Neural Networks
Authors: Akash Kumar B , Vasugi V , Elavenil S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study presents the compressive strength predictions of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) based cement mortars containing two different types of M Sands (normal M sand and white M sand) which have been replaced effectively with the ordinary Portland cement. The defined mix ratios of mortar cubes are examined for compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days. Artificial Neural Network is a useful tool to predict various data’s strengths, making the work much more comfortable. Then the obtained compressive strength results of GGBS based cement based mortars varied with two types of M-sands at different days were feed into ANN tool box in MATLAB software to acquire the strength predictions. Experimental results indicated that the compressive strength results of GGBS based mortar with white M-sand showed superior results than the normal M sand. The predicted compressive strength results of GGBS based cement mortars obtained from ANN framework was in good agreement with the experimental results.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Steel Beams with Web Openings
Authors: Mathur Sunny , Senthilpandian M , Karthikeyan K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The use of castellated beams has increased a lot in the past few years in all types of structures. The castellated beam is one of the several methods used to decrease the weight and cost of steel used in the construction. In castellated beams, increased depths can be achieved without increasing the self-weight of the structure. The significant advantages of castellated beams are better possessing bending moment capacity, ease of providing service pipes and wires, and aesthetic appearances. The castellated beams are made by making a zigzag cut through the web according to the desired opening shape and size, and then the two parts are welded together. In this work, static and dynamic analyses of the castellated steel beam section (ISMB 300) are performed to compare deflection, stress distribution, shear Stress, amplitude, and natural frequency. The investigation is done using ANSYS 18. The Castellated beam having a maximum opening of size 0.6h is used for the study. The castellated beams have proved to be useful under a light-uniform load.
Design of energy efficient carry lookahead adder using novel CSIPGL adiabatic logic circuit
Authors: Bhalerao Abhishek L , Mane Aishwarya , Pensenwar Kartik , Bhuvana B P , Anita Angeline A , Kanchana Bhaaskaran V S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel energy efficient logic called Charge Sharing Improved Pass Gate Adiabatic Logic (CSIPGL) operating using four phase power clock sources. The CSIPGL based circuit is capable of operating through a wider range of frequency from 100MHz to 1GHz. CSIPGL logic has been designed using UMC 90nm technology model files and are simulated using Cadence® Virtuoso EDA tools. Efficiency of CSIPGL circuit is validated by comparing it against CSSAL, SQAL, SyAL, adiabatic logic circuits based on single charge sharing transistor [14] and EE-SPFAL circuit designs. Power consumption of AND/NAND and XOR/XNOR sub modules used in the design of 4-bit Carry Lookahead Adder circuits (CLA) are compared. 4-bit CLA is taken as a benchmark circuit to validate the efficiency of the proposed CSCPAL circuit.
Design of Arithmetic Logic Unit using Pseudo Dynamic Buffer based Domino Logic
Authors: Kushal Kumar S V , Anita Angeline A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Design of combinational circuits using dynamic logic has the advantage of high speed and less area when compared to conventional CMOS logic. However, it pose problem while cascading dynamic logic architectures and also more prone to leakage current issue. These issues are overcome by using domino logic with static inverter at the output of dynamic node. The increased power dissipation at the output node is reduced by using pseudo dynamic buffer based domino logic by having static like switching at the output node. This paper details the design of arithmetic and logic unit designed using conventional and pseudo dynamic buffer based domino logic. The arithmetic unit comprise adder, subtractor, multiplier and logical unit comprise AND, NAND, OR, NOR and XOR logic blocks based on pseudo dynamic buffer based domino logic and it is compared with the Arithmetic logic unit designed using conventional domino logic. The design and simulations are performed using UMC90nm technology node library using Cadence® Virtuoso® tool. The simulation result of ALU unit demonstrates that arithmetic logic unit designed using PDB logic has reduction in power consumption by 89.14% and delay by 1.995% while compared to conventional domino logic.
Design and Implementation of Low Power High Stability 8T SRAM
Authors: Harshni R , Ravi V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper examines about the power decrease system in a memory cell. It affords a low power high stability 8T Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell. Two typically used SRAM cells are analyzed in phrases of their stability and power. It presents improved performance as analyzed with traditional 6T SRAM cell in iterms iof leakage power and static noise margin. The scheme of low power 8T SRAM is executed along enforcing power gating approach. Power gating is executed with the aid of putting a transistor in between the 8T SRAM cell and VDD or ground. However, this avoids the direct VDD and ground path and forming an indirect VDD and indirect ground path. The static noise margin of 8T SRAM is computed to decide higher stability whilst compared with 6T SRAM. It is inferred that the power of the newly programmed 8T SRAM cell is diminished close to 1.5% as contrasted with that of the traditional 8T SRAM cell and the stability is improved close to 8.19%.
Low Power Self disabling Comparator for Asynchronous ADC
Authors: Rohini Kodidela , Vaishibha AG , Ananiah Durai S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A low power single channel ADC with high sampling rate is designed in this work. The low power is accomplished by utilizing a self-disabling continuous time comparator those outcomes in less delay cells. The proposed ADC executed and simulated in 180nm CMOS technology. The possibility of 1.8 V supply in this technology provides improvement in step size and the improved delay cells yields increased sampling rate. The decision of asynchronous ADC is because of the way that it eliminates complicated correction methods to acquire better execution, as in flash, pipelined and SAR ADC. Asynchronous digital slope ADC, accomplishes power lower than the synchronous ADC. It does not need the complex alignment and can accomplish low power utilization.. So to improve speed of sampling, improvisation of delay cell and shortening of delay time is done. In this paper an improvised design of the StrongARM comparator having faster performance, smaller area, and higher power efficiency is designed.
Analysis of energy consumption using RNN-LSTM and ARIMA Model
Authors: Sachin M M , Paily Baby Melvin , Sudharson Ponraj Abraham 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Given the increase of smart electricity meters and the wide adoption of electricity generation technologies such as solar panels, there is a wealth of data available on the usage of electricity. This data represents a multivariate time series of variables related to power, which could in turn be used to model and even forecast future electricity usage. The Household Power Consumption dataset is a multivariate time series dataset which describes the electricity consumption over four years for a single household. They were tested to predict for a specific house and block of houses over a given period of time. Throughout the past couple of decades energy demand has increased exponentially. This increase loads the electricity distributors heavily. So forecasting future demand for electricity use would give the dealer an upper hand. Predicting the consumption of energy requires several parameters. This paper proposes two methods with one using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and another using a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network, considering only the previous consumption of electricity to estimate potential consumption of electricity. To assess the applicability of the RNN and the LSTM network to predict the electricity consumption.
Design of Area Efficient Filter Bank for Digital Hearing Aids
Authors: Mohith Reddy Narem , Suchetha M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The objective of the work scheduled is to design an area-efficient filter bank in a digital hearing aid by making use of Verilog HDL for functional verification, Synthesis & Physical Design in Cadence- Genus & Innovus respectively using ASIC design flow. Hypoacusis is a medical term which is well referred to as hearing impairment is a total or partial incompetence to hear. Around 466 million people live with Hypoacusis worldwide this is over 5% of the world’s populace. Hearing Aid is an Acoustoelectric Transducer which selectively enhances signal to ear to reimburse hearing loss. As technology is advancing day by day digital hearing aids are more adaptive, small and lightweight. The main block of the hearing aid is a filter bank which performs sound decomposition. To design a filter bank, it requires a precise intelligence of distinct digital signal processing approaches used in hearing aids among them the most important is to design a filter in which FIR, IIR, IFIR are crucial, which extracts signal within frequency bands. The proposed design area is minimized by 70.53%. thereby the size of the device is drastically reduced. The proposed design has an added advantage of lower power and delay.
A Comparative study of machine learning models for breast cancer prediction
Authors: Athar Afaf , Ilavarasi A K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The enormous growth in the medical technologies and the availability of clinical data has motivated researchers to progress much towards predictive analytics. Integrating machine learning techniques to healthcare domain has a progressive outcome called Computer Aided Diagnosis. A comparative analysis is presented to study the suitability of machine learning algorithms for benchmark breast cancer data. Statistical non-parametric evaluation is also carried out to indicate the integrity of the framework.