bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Penambahan Ca(NO3)2 Terhadap Hasil Tanaman Selada Kriting (Lactuca Sativa L.) pada Sistem Hidroponik Deep Flow Technique (DFT)
Authors: SURYANTINI NI NYOMAN , WIJANA GEDE , DWIYANI RINDANG 
Published: February 2021

The Effect of Addition of Ca(NO3)2 to the Results of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the Hydroponic System of Deep Flow Technique (DFT). Plants, in general, require composition, concentration, and volume of nutrient solutions which different depends on the type and phase of plant growth. Leaf vegetable crops such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) require higher Nitrogen (N) nutrients than other vegetable crops, but the problem we faced at the moment is the hydroponic nutrients that are traded only in the general form of nutrient, therefore the addition of N nutrients in the form of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) needs to be done to meet the needs of lettuce plants. This study was aimed to determine the effect of the addition of Ca(NO3)2 and to find the optimum dosage of the addition of Ca(NO3)2 to the general hydroponic nutrition of vegetables on lettuce use DFT hydroponic system. The treatments consisted of five levels which are nutrition AB Mix general vegetable as a control, and nutrition AB Mix with the addition of 30 g, 60 g, 90 g, and 120 g Ca(NO3)2. The results of the observation showed that the treatment of the addition of Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer had a very significant effect on all observed variables, except for the diameter of the lettuce plant. The optimum addition of Ca(NO3)2 for lettuce was found at 90.04 g with a maximum yield of 207.92 g.
The Effect of Intervening Tax Avoidance on Leverage on Firm Value
Authors: Wijaya Melinda , Bernawati Yustrida 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to prove the effect of leverage on firm value empirically using tax avoidance as an intervening variable. This study uses company objects listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research sample used was 66 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2016-2018, which were selected by purposive sampling method, and the number of sample data was 198 data. The firm value variable is measured by price to book value, which was tested using linear regression using SPSS 23 and path analysis. The test results show that: (1) leverage has a significant effect on tax avoidance. (2) leverage and tax avoidance have a significant effect on firm value. (3) the tax avoidance variable cannot be proven as a variable that mediates leverage and firm value.
Keywords: Leverage; Tax Avoidance; Firm Value.
Paraparesis due to ischemic lumbosacral Radiculoplexopathy
Authors: Vilabril Filipa , Melo Jorge Rocha , Rodrigues Margarida Ramos , Macedo Carlos Sampaio , Miranda1 Carla , Dias Lúcia 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy (LSRP) is a rare entity, with several etiologies described in the literature. Vascular lesions to the lower part of the aorta and the common iliac artery can cause LSRP of ischemic etiology.

Clinical Presentation:
A 66-year-old man with a previous history of peripheral obstructive arterial disease (POAD) requiring aortobifemoral and femoropopliteal procedures had a prolonged hospital stay due to various complications: stent infection and occlusion, aortoenteric fistula causing hemorrhagic shock, transmetatarsal amputation of the right foot. In this context, he underwent multiple endovascular procedures. At discharge, the patient presented flaccid paraparesis, distal bilateral hypoesthesia, saddle anesthesia and urinary and anal incontinence. Spinal cord infarction was excluded. An electromyographic study confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral LSRP of ischemic etiology.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the importance of including ischemic etiology as a differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries, namely in patients with POAD.
DE LA FILOSOFÍA DE LA TÉCNICA A LA FILOSOFÍA COMO METATÉCNICA
Authors: Fisher Jaime 
Published: February 2021

Se intenta transitar desde una reflexión sobre la técnica hacia una concepción de la filosofía misma como la técnica que permite evaluar toda acción humana en el mundo, i. e. como metatécnica. Ala vez, se intenta sostener que hoy esa metatécnica ha de ser entendida como filosofía política.
Algunos apuntes sobre la elección de sistemas lógicos
Authors: Castro Manzano José Martín 
Published: February 2021

Asumiendo el planteamiento general del pluralismo lógico, en esta contribución presentamos los resultados de una serie de entrevistas a un conjunto de lógicas y lógicos de México. Las entrevistas han sido diseñadas ex professo para aplicar la técnica del Proceso Analítico Jerárquico y con ello obtener modelos de decisión para observar las razones detrás de la elección de un sistema lógico. Como consecuencia de estos modelos presentamos algunas ideas sobre una noción de pluralismo lógico.
De Kraalen and Witrivier Greenstone Belts, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa: Characterisation of the Palaeo-Mesoarchaean evolution by rutile and zircon U-Pb geochronology combined with Hf isotopes
Authors: van Schijndel V. , Stevens G. , Lana C. , Zack T. , Frei D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The formation and evolution of Palaeoarchaean De Kraalen and Witrivier Greenstone Belts (DKGB and WGB) of the Kaapvaal Craton are poorly known. Here we report zircon and rutile in situ U-Pb ages and zircon Hf isotopic data from a variety of supracrustal rocks. The zircon cores from a metamafic amphibole-bearing gneiss from the DKGB give a protolith age of 3 441 ± 5 Ma, whereas the zircon mantle domains give a metamorphic age of 3 211 ± 16 Ma. The 176Hf/177Hft values for all zircon domains give a tight cluster around 0.280596 ± 0.00006 (2 SD).
U-Pb analyses of zircon for an amphibolite intercalated with thin calc-silicate layers from the WGB give a single crystallisation age of 3 230 ± 3 Ma, but the Hf isotope ratios of these zircon grains define two different populations. The first population yields 176Hf/177Hf~3.23 Ga = 0.28064 ± 0.00004, corresponding to εHf~3.23 Ga = 2.4 ± 1.9 (2SD) and Hf model ages between ca. 3.51 to 3.30 Ga. These are Hf isotope characteristics for zircons from a relatively juvenile source extracted from a depleted mantle source ca. 0.28 to 0.07 Ga prior zircon crystallisation. The second population yields 176Hf/177Hf~3.23 Ga = 0.28093 ± 0.00004 with εHf~3.23 Ga = 8.1 ± 1.3 (2SD). These Hf data combined with the 206Pb/207Pb ages lead to isotope ratios that lie above those of Depleted Mantle. The unusually high Hf isotope signature for the cores of the zircons from the WGB amphibolite most likely represent a contribution from an early highly depleted mantle source.
A rutile in situ U-Pb age of 3.085 Ga from a recrystallised quartzite indicate that the rocks from the DKGB experienced slow cooling following the 3.21 Ga metamorphic event or (partial) resetting due to elevated geothermal gradient caused by the ca. 3.1 Ga intrusions of the Vrede Granitiod Suite. The latter interpretation is preferred because ~145 Ma of slow cooling from the amphibolite facies conditions of peak metamorphism to the blocking temperature for mass diffusion of Pb in rutile is unlikely. While the Zr-in-rutile temperature of ca. 710°C at 7 kbar for DKGB most likely records the peak temperature of the ~3.23 to 3.21 Ga event.
The trace element concentrations of the metamorphic rutile grains within the quartzite of the DKGB indicate that the source rock was enriched in Cr. Either due to silification during hydrothermal alteration of the (ultra)mafic country rock or during deposition in an atmosphere that allowed for chromite grains to be part of the sediment.
Oral glucose tolerance outcomes among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Calabar and environs – A pilot study
Authors: Inaku Kenneth Ogar , Ago Boniface Uji , Ene Asuquo Bassey , Eyam Eyam Sunday , Ekpe Lawson Ekpeni , Ogarekpe Yeonun Mba , Babatope Oluwakorede Ayodele , Agan Thomas Udagbor 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Dysglycemia is a common metabolic alteration during pregnancy with adverse effects on both mother and fetus. This is related to the fact that pregnancy is associated with insulin resistance which is a harbinger for hyperglycemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women in Calabar area using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) diagnostic values.

Material and Methods:
This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care in four health facilities in Calabar and adjoining areas conducted from September 2018 to August 2019. All consenting pregnant women were given 75 g glucose in 250–300 mL of water after 8–10 h overnight fast, without regard to the presence or absence of GDM risk factors. GDM diagnosis was made if any of the following glucose values were met or exceeded: (1) Fasting >92 mg/dl, (2) 1 h post-glucose load >180 mg/ dl, and (3) 2 h post-glucose load >153 mg/dl. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 and results were presented using tables and a Venn diagram.

Results:
There were 345 pregnant women aged 18–50 (28.7 ± 6.3) years at 24–41 (29.6 ± 4.1) completed weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed in 48 (13.9%) women. Fasting plasma glucose cutoff diagnosed 81% while 37.5% and 50.0% met the diagnostic cutoff for 1 h and 2 h, respectively, and 15 (31.3%) women were positive for all three diagnostic cutoffs. Diabetes mellitus in a first-degree relative was the most common risk factor identified while hypertension in a first-degree relative and history of GDM was the least. Some 36.5% of women had no identifiable risk factors. Those who had positive fasting plasma glucose only (6.1%) were more than twice those diagnosed by 1 and 2 h only (2.6%) combined. The number of women with glucose values in the diabetic range was 6 (1.72%) but was classified as GDM since they were not previously known diabetics.

Conclusion:
This study has shown that the prevalence of GDM is 13.9% among women in Calabar and environs using the IADPSG criteria. Fasting plasma glucose can identify more than twice GDM patients than 1 and 2 h values combined. GDM still remains a major health issue among pregnant women hence there should be a national policy on routine screening for GDM with more studies being encouraged to determine the preferred glucose cutoff among Nigerians.
Liberdade de expressão, democracia e cultura do cancelamento
Authors: Camilloto Bruno , Urashima Pedro 
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo trata da cultura do cancelamento como resposta a opiniões sobre produções culturais contemporâneas. Busca-se responder a seguinte pergunta-problema: a cultura do cancelamento é compatível com a liberdade de expressão? O objetivo é defender que a cultura do cancelamento pressupõe uma concepção normativa de cidadania democrática, segundo a qual o povo só é livre se for capaz de contestar seus arranjos políticos e sociais. Para tanto, define-se como objetivos específicos: 1) delimitar o que se entende por cultura do cancelamento; 2) explicitar a partir das premissas de NY Times vs Sullivan uma concepção de cidadania democrática que dê suporte à cultura do cancelamento 3) argumentar que um ideal de tolerância decorre das próprias premissas que possibilitam a existência da cultura do cancelamento. Uma delimitação inicial do que se entende por cultura do cancelamento é feita a partir da conceituação proposta por Wilson Gomes (2020). Para compreender os fundamentos democráticos da liberdade de expressão e suas conexões com os aspectos deliberativos da esfera pública, adota-se como marco teórico proponentes da democracia deliberativa, como Robert C. Post e Denilson Werle. Assim, a investigação é jurídico-teórica, de caráter analítico e normativo, e sua metodologia consiste na análise de blocos de conteúdo por meio da argumentação.
Numerical modeling of thermomechanical processes in heat-resistant alloys
Authors: Kenzhegulov B. , Kultan Jaroslav , Alibiyev D.B. , Kazhikenova A.Sh. 
Published: February 2021

This article presents a numerical simulation of thermomechanical processes in heat-resistant alloys. The authors develop the law of temperature distribution along the length of the physical body, which is considered as a rod of alloy EI-617. The authors also investigated the dependence of the magnitude of the elongation of the rod from a given temperature. To do this, the rod is conditionally divided into several elements, and then the study is carried out in one area. To determine the temperature dependence, the temperature distribution field is approximated by a full polynomial of the second degree, and approximation spline functions are introduced. Using a temperature gradient for one element, the functional expression characterizing the total thermal energy is written, first for the (n-1) element, then for the last n-th element. The total thermal energy is expressed by the formula . By minimizing the total thermal energy, we obtain a system of algebraic equations for determining the nodal values of temperatures. Applying the obtained values, the elongation of the element due to thermal expansion is calculated. The relationship between the temperature T, elongation DlT , «tensile» force R , and «tensile stress» . is shown in the work. It is shown that with increasing temperature, the above values proportionally increase.
Volumetric quantification of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage independently predicts hydrocephalus and seizures
Authors: Daou Badih J. , Khalsa Siri Sahib S. , Anand Sharath Kumar , Williamson Craig A. , Cutler Noah S. , Aaron Bryan L. , Srinivasan Sudharsan , Rajajee Venkatakrishna , Sheehan Kyle , Pandey Aditya S. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVEHydrocephalus and seizures greatly impact outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, reliable tools to predict these outcomes are lacking. The authors used a volumetric quantitative analysis tool to evaluate the association of total aSAH volume with the outcomes of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and seizures.METHODSTotal hemorrhage volume following aneurysm rupture was retrospectively analyzed on presentation CT imaging using a custom semiautomated computer program developed in MATLAB that employs intensity-based k-means clustering to automatically separate blood voxels from other tissues. Volume data were added to a prospectively maintained aSAH database. The association of hemorrhage volume with shunted hydrocephalus and seizures was evaluated through logistic regression analysis and the diagnostic accuracy through analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).RESULTSThe study population comprised 288 consecutive patients with aSAH. The mean total hemorrhage volume was 74.9 ml. Thirty-eight patients (13.2%) developed seizures. The mean hemorrhage volume in patients who developed seizures was significantly higher than that in patients with no seizures (mean difference 17.3 ml, p = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, larger hemorrhage volume on initial CT scan and hemorrhage volume > 50 ml (OR 2.81, p = 0.047, 95% CI 1.03–7.80) were predictive of seizures. Forty-eight patients (17%) developed shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. The mean hemorrhage volume in patients who developed shunt-dependent hydrocephalus was significantly higher than that in patients who did not (mean difference 17.2 ml, p = 0.006). Larger hemorrhage volume and hemorrhage volume > 50 ml (OR 2.45, p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.08–5.54) were predictive of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. Hemorrhage volume had adequate discrimination for the development of seizures (AUC 0.635) and shunted hydrocephalus (AUC 0.629).CONCLUSIONSHemorrhage volume is an independent predictor of seizures and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients with aSAH. Further evaluation of aSAH quantitative volumetric analysis may complement existing scales used in clinical practice and assist in patient prognostication and management.
The rhinopharyngeal flap for reconstruction of lower clival and craniovertebral junction defects
Authors: Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Zenonos Georgios A. , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVEThe endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to the lower clivus and craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has been traditionally performed via resection of the nasopharyngeal soft tissues. Alternatively, an inferiorly based rhinopharyngeal (RP) flap (RPF) can be dissected to help reconstruct the postoperative defect and separate it from the oropharynx. To date, there is no evidence regarding the viability and potential clinical impact of the RPF. The aim of this study was to assess RPF viability and its impact on clinical outcome.METHODSA retrospective cohort of 60 patients who underwent EEA to the lower clivus and CVJ was studied. The RPF was used in 30 patients (RPF group), and the nasopharyngeal soft tissues were resected in 30 patients (control group).RESULTSChordoma was the most common surgical indication in both groups (47% in the RPF group vs 63% in the control group, p = 0.313), followed by odontoid pannus (20% in the RPF group vs 10%, p = 0.313). The two groups did not significantly differ in terms of extent of tumor (p = 0.271), intraoperative CSF leak (p = 0.438), and skull base reconstruction techniques other than the RPF (nasoseptal flap, p = 0.301; fascia lata, p = 0.791; inlay graft, p = 0.793; and prophylactic lumbar drain, p = 0.781). Postoperative soft-tissue enhancement covering the lower clivus and CVJ observed on MRI was significantly higher in the RPF group (100% vs 26%, p < 0.001). The RPF group had a significantly lower rate of nasoseptal flap necrosis (3% vs 20%, p = 0.044) and surgical site infection (3% vs 27%, p = 0.026) while having similar rates of postoperative CSF leakage (17% in the RPF group vs 20%, p = 0.739) and meningitis (7% in the RPF group vs 17%, p = 0.424). Oropharyngeal bacterial flora dominated the infections in the control group but not those in the RPF group, suggesting that the RPF acted as a barrier between the nasopharynx and oropharynx.CONCLUSIONSThe RPF provides viable vascularized tissue coverage to the lower clivus and CVJ. Its use was associated with decreased rates of nasoseptal flap necrosis and local infection, likely due to separation from the oropharynx.
Derivation and validation of a quantitative screening model for blunt cerebrovascular injury
Authors: Shibahashi Keita , Hoda Hidenori , Ishida Takuto , Motoshima Takayuki , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Hamabe Yuichi 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to derive and validate a new screening model using a nomogram that allows clinicians to quantify the risk of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI).METHODSIn this study, the authors examined 258,935 patients from a prospectively collected nationwide Japanese database (January 2009–December 2018) who experienced blunt injury. Patients were randomly divided into training (n = 129,468) and validation (n = 129,467) cohorts. First, the authors investigated the prevalence of BCVI, which was defined as blunt injury to any intracranial vessel, the extracranial vertebral artery, the extracranial carotid (common, internal) artery, or the internal jugular vein. Then, a new arterial BCVI screening model using a nomogram was derived, based on multivariate logistic regression analysis through quantifying the association of potential predictive factors with BCVI in the training cohort. The model’s discriminatory ability was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the validation cohort.RESULTSMultivariate analysis in the training cohort showed that 13 factors were significantly associated with arterial BCVI and were included in our model. These factors were 1) male sex; 2) high-energy impact; 3) hypotension on hospital arrival; 4) Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9; 5) injury to the face; 6) injury to the neck; 7) injury to the spine; 8) skull base fracture; 9) cervical spine fracture or subluxation; and those with negative associations, i.e., 10) injury to the lower-extremity region; 11) supratentorial subdural hemorrhage; 12) lumbar spine fracture or subluxation; and 13) soft tissue injury of the face. In the validation cohort, the model had an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.81–0.86). When the definition of BCVI was narrowed to include only carotid (common, internal) and vertebral artery injuries, the AUC of the model in predicting these injuries was 0.89 (95% CI 0.87–0.91).CONCLUSIONSA new screening model that incorporates an easy-to-use nomogram to quantify the risk of BCVI and assist clinicians in identifying patients who warrant additional evaluation was established.
Analysis of the effect of intraoperative neuromonitoring during resection of benign nerve sheath tumors on gross-total resection and neurological complications
Authors: Wilson Thomas J. , Hamrick Forrest , Alzahrani Saud , Dibble Christopher F. , Koduri Sravanthi , Pendleton Courtney , Saleh Sara , Ali Zarina S. , Mahan Mark A. , Midha Rajiv , Ray Wilson Z. , Yang Lynda J. S. , Zager Eric L. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to examine the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during resection of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors in achieving gross-total resection (GTR) and in reducing postoperative neurological complications.METHODSData from consecutive adult patients who underwent resection of a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor at 7 participating institutions were combined. Propensity score matching was used to balance covariates. The primary outcomes of interest were the association between IONM and GTR and the association of IONM and the development of a permanent postoperative neurological complication. The secondary outcomes of interest were the association between IONM and GTR and the association between IONM and the development of a permanent postoperative neurological complication in the subgroup of patients with tumors involving a motor or mixed nerve. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were then performed on the propensity score–matched samples to assess the ability of the independent variables to predict the outcomes of interest.RESULTSA total of 337 patients who underwent resection of benign nerve sheath tumors were included. In multivariate analysis, the use of IONM (OR 0.460, 95% CI 0.199–0.978; p = 0.047) was a significant negative predictor of GTR, whereas none of the variables, including IONM, were associated with the occurrence of a permanent postoperative neurological complication. Within the subgroup of motor/mixed nerve tumors, in the multivariate analysis, IONM (OR 0.263, 95% CI 0.096–0.723; p = 0.010) was a significant negative predictor of a GTR, whereas IONM (OR 3.800, 95% CI 1.925–7.502; p < 0.001) was a significant positive predictor of a permanent postoperative motor deficit.CONCLUSIONSOverall, 12% of the cohort had a permanent neurological complication, with new or worsened paresthesias most common, followed by pain and then weakness. The authors found that formal IONM was associated with a reduced likelihood of GTR and had no association with neurological complications. The authors believe that these data argue against IONM being considered standard of care but do not believe that these data should be used to universally argue against IONM during resection of benign nerve sheath tumors.