bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral foundations theory, political identity, and the depiction of morality in children’s movies
Authors: Gehman Rachel , Guglielmo Steve , Schwebel David C. 
Published: March 2021

Children’s movies often provide messages about morally appropriate and inappropriate conduct. In two studies, we draw on Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) to derive predictions about actual depictions of morality, and people’s preferences for different moral depictions, within children’s movies. According to MFT, people’s moral concerns include individualizing foundations of care and fairness and binding foundations of loyalty, authority, and sanctity. Prior work reveals that although there are political differences in the endorsement of these two broad categories—whereby stronger political conservatism predicts stronger binding concerns and weaker individualizing concerns—there nonetheless is broad agreement across political identity in the importance of individualizing concerns. We therefore predicted that heroes would value individualizing foundations more than villains, and that despite political differences in preferences for moral messages, there would be more agreement in the importance of messages promoting individualizing concerns. In Study 1, we coded heroes and villains from popular children’s movies for their valuation of moral foundations. Heroes valued individualizing concerns more, and binding concerns less, than villains did. Participants in Study 2 considered moral dilemmas faced by children’s movie characters, and rated their preferences for resolutions that promoted either individualizing or binding foundations. Although liberals preferred individualizing-promoting resolutions and conservatives preferred binding-promoting resolutions, there was stronger agreement across political identity in the importance of individualizing concerns. Despite political differences in moral preferences, popular depictions of children’s movie characters and people’s self-reported moral endorsement suggest a shared belief in the importance of the individualizing moral virtues of care and fairness.Movies are often infused with moral messages. From their exploration of overarching themes, their ascription of particular traits to heroic and villainous characters, and their resolution of pivotal moral dilemmas, movies provide viewers with depictions of morally virtuous (and morally suspect) behavior. Moral messaging in children’s movies is of particular importance, since it is targeted at an audience for which morality is actively developing. What moral messages do filmmakers (and consumers, including parents) want children’s movies to depict? Are these preferences related to people’s political identity? And what are the actual moral depictions presented in movies? In the present two studies, we draw on an influential theory of moral judgment—Moral Foundations Theory—to develop and test predictions about the depiction of morality in children’s movies.
How to bring residents’ psychosocial well-being to the heart of the fight against Covid-19 in Belgian nursing homes—A qualitative study
Authors: Kaelen Sanne , van den Boogaard Wilma , Pellecchia Umberto , Spiers Sofie , De Cramer Caroline , Demaegd Gwennin , Fouqueray Edouard , Van den Bergh Rafael , Goublomme Stephanie , Decroo Tom , Quinet Muriel , Van Hoof Elke , Draguez Bertrand 
Published: March 2021

Background
Nursing homes (NH) for the elderly have been particularly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic mainly due to their hosted vulnerable populations and poor outbreak preparedness. In Belgium, the medical humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) implemented a support project for NH including training on infection prevention and control (IPC), (re)-organization of care, and psychosocial support for NH staff. As psychosocial and mental health needs of NH residents in times of Covid-19 are poorly understood and addressed, this study aimed to better understand these needs and how staff could respond accordingly.

Methods
A qualitative study adopting thematic content analysis. Eight focus group discussions with direct caring staff and 56 in-depth interviews with residents were conducted in eight purposively and conveniently selected NHs in Brussels, Belgium, June 2020.

Results
NH residents experienced losses of freedom, social life, autonomy, and recreational activities that deprived them of their basic psychological needs. This had a massive impact on their mental well-being expressed in feeling depressed, anxious, and frustrated as well as decreased meaning and quality of life. Staff felt unprepared for the challenges posed by the pandemic; lacking guidelines, personal protective equipment and clarity around organization of care. They were confronted with professional and ethical dilemmas, feeling ‘trapped’ between IPC and the residents’ wellbeing. They witnessed the detrimental effects of the measures imposed on their residents.

Conclusion
This study revealed the insights of residents’ and NH staff at the height of the early Covid-19 pandemic. Clearer outbreak plans, including psychosocial support, could have prevented the aggravated mental health conditions of both residents and staff. A holistic approach is needed in NHs in which tailor-made essential restrictive IPC measures are combined with psychosocial support measures to reduce the impact on residents’ mental health impact and to enhance their quality of life.
Intermediate monocytes correlate with CXCR3+ Th17 cells but not with bone characteristics in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Drevinge Christina , Scheffler Julia M , Koro-Arvidsson Catalin , Sundh Daniel , Carlsten Hans , Gjertsson Inger , Lindholm Catharina , Lorentzon Mattias , Rudin Anna , Ekwall Anna-Karin Hultgård , Islander Ulrika 
Published: March 2021

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with development of generalized osteoporosis. Bone-degrading osteoclasts are derived from circulating precursor cells of monocytic lineage, and the intermediate monocyte population is important as osteoclast precursors in inflammatory conditions. T cells of various subsets are critical in the pathogenesis of both RA and associated osteoporosis, but so far, no studies have examined associations between circulating intermediate monocytes, T cell subsets and bone characteristics in patients with RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of intermediate monocytes in patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis (ueRA) compared to healthy controls (HC), and to explore the correlation between intermediate monocytes and a comprehensive panel of T helper cell subsets, bone density and bone microarchitecture in ueRA patients.

Methods
78 patients with ueRA fulfilling the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria were included and compared to 29 age- and sex-matched HC. Peripheral blood samples were obtained before start of treatment and proportions of monocyte subsets and CD4+ helper and regulatory T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Bone densitometry was performed on 46 of the ueRA patients at inclusion using DXA and HR-pQCT.

Results
Flow cytometric analyses showed that the majority of ueRA patients had frequencies of intermediate monocytes comparable to HC. The intermediate monocyte population correlated positively with CXCR3+ Th17 cells in ueRA patients but not in HC. However, neither the proportions of intermediate monocytes nor CXCR3+ Th17 cells were associated with bone density or bone microarchitecture measurements.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that in early RA, the intermediate monocytes do not correlate with bone characteristics, despite positive correlation with circulating CXCR3+ Th17 cells. Future longitudinal studies in patients with longer disease duration are required to fully explore the potential of intermediate monocytes to drive bone loss in RA.
Learner emotions, autonomy and trait emotional intelligence in ‘in-person’ versus emergency remote English foreign language teaching in Europe
Authors: Resnik Pia , Dewaele Jean-Marc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to the spread of Covid-19, universities had to move their courses online abruptly. This paper explores its impact on 510 European tertiary-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ classroom emotions and analyses possible links to their trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and learner autonomy. Statistical analyses of data gathered with a web survey revealed that students rated their ‘in-person’ classes as significantly more enjoyable and also more anxiety-provoking. Overall, levels of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) were positively correlated between both contexts. The moderate negative correlation between FLE and FLCA in ‘in-person’ classes disappeared in emergency remotely taught classes. TEI and learner autonomy were positively correlated, and both were positively linked to FLE and negatively to FLCA in both contexts. This means that more autonomous, emotionally intelligent students tend to be able to enjoy the FL class more – even more so under particularly challenging circumstances. Overall, it seems that learners not being physically present in classrooms weakens all emotions, and breaks the relationship between them. One possible explanation is that disembodied classes have less emotional resonance.
Endoclitics in Andi
Authors: Maisak Timur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper provides evidence for the existence of endoclitics in Andi, a Nakh-Daghestanian language of the Avar-Andic branch spoken in the Republic of Daghestan, Russia. In Andi, the additive marker (‘also’) and the intensifying marker (‘even, at all’) behave as enclitics on various types of hosts and as endoclitics when they occur on negative verb forms. In the latter case, the additive and intensifying markers break up the word form and appear before the negation marker. I argue that both the additive and the intensifier are clitics, especially in view of their highly promiscuous attachment. I also show that negative verb forms are morphologically synthetic, so the additive and the intensifier are genuine endoclitics, i.e. clitics that occur inside morphological words. In addition I provide a few parallels for the unusual morphosyntactic behaviour of additive and intensifying clitics in some other Nakh-Daghestanian languages as well as in some languages of Northern Eurasia. Although in these cases the corresponding markers do not qualify as endoclitics proper, the available data hint at a cross-linguistic tendency towards word-internal placement of morphemes with meanings like ‘also’, ‘even’ or ‘only’.
Is there really an aspectual se in Spanish?
Authors: de Benito Moreno Carlota 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to revisit the so-called aspectual se, frequently cited over the last three decades as a new function of reflexive pronouns in Spanish and other languages, which refers to facultative uses of the reflexive pronoun where it has no effect on the valency or diathesis of the verb. I will focus on four empirical problems that such accounts face when dealing with corpus data: the requirement of a delimited object for transitive verbs, the semantic implications of the aspectual function of the reflexive pronoun, the unacceptability of the reflexive pronoun with some predicates, and the fact that these accounts have ignored a number of predicates that also take this facultative reflexive pronoun. I argue that a larger sample of both contexts and verbs, obtained by exhaustively analyzing corpus data, is necessary to improve our understanding of these uses.
Funny and meaningful: media messages that are humorous and moving provide optimal consolation in corona times
Authors: Strick Madelijn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the first months of the corona crisis, people worldwide produced and shared thousands of uplifting (e.g., humorous, moving) media messages. The six studies reported here empirically tested the consolatory effects of viewing such positive media messages in the US, The Netherlands, and the UK. I compared the impact of humorous and moving (i.e., touching, heartwarming) messages, as they provide different kinds of well-being: hedonic versus eudaimonic. Studies 1–3 had correlational designs. Largely in line with the hedonic versus eudaimonic well-being framework, the results suggested that humorous messages lift people’s spirits by providing pleasure, while moving messages lift people’s spirits by providing realism, optimism, and by illustrating core human values. Studies 4–6 used a pre- and post-measure of negative and positive emotions. The results showed that viewing non-moving humorous messages significantly reduced negative emotions but did not increase positive emotions. Viewing non-humorous moving messages reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions in the US and UK, but not in The Netherlands. Finally, viewing messages that are both humorous and moving reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions in all samples, implying they are particularly valuable as mood-enhancers during crises. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Development of activated carbon from sawdust by pyrolysis and methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Jock Alexander Asanja , Joel Atuman Samaila , Olubajo Olu Olumide , Zang Charity Uren , Ayuba Magdelene Sazeya , Wakili Philip Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, activated carbon was developed from saw-dust by pyrolysis. The activated carbon was characterized for elemental composition, morphology and surface chemistry. The potential of the prepared activated carbon for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic of MB onto saw-dust activated carbon. The MB removal efficiency was 99.2% and the Lamgmuir isothermal model having correlation coefficient (R
2) of 0.98 gave the best fit. The kinetics of MB adsorption onto activated carbon was described with the pseudo second order model indicates the dominance of chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of MB on saw dust activated carbon adsorbent was endothermic in nature and a non-spontaneous process. The activation energy of 34.7 kJ/mol further reveals that the adsorption process was chemisorption. Generally, the results suggest that the saw-dust activated carbon is a viable adsorbent for effective removal of MB from wastewater effluent contaminated with dye.
Entropy Optimization in Nonlinear Mixed Convective Flow of Nanomaterials Through Porous Space
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Ullah Ikram , Alsaedi Ahmad , Momani Shaher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Our intention in this article is to investigate entropy optimization in nonlinear mixed convective unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanomaterials in porous space. An exponentially stretched sheet creates the liquid flow. Nanomaterial is considered electrically conducting. The concentration and energy expressions comprise viscous dissipation, Joule heating, thermophoresis and Brownian motion aspects. Arrhenius activation energy is considered. Computation of entropy generation based upon the second law of thermodynamics is made. Nonlinear partial expressions are obtained via suitable dimensionless variables. Resultant expressions are tackled by the OHAM technique. Features of numerous variables on entropy, temperature, velocity and concentration are graphically visualized. Skin friction and the temperature gradient at the surface are also elaborated. Comparative analysis is deliberated in tabulated form to validate the previously published outcomes. Velocity is reduced significantly via the suction parameter. The entropy rate increases for higher values of Brinkman, Biot and Hartmann numbers.
Deoxyribonuclease activity negative correlates with extracellular DNA in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester
Authors: Vlková Barbora , Janovičová Ľubica , Pšenková Petra , Melníková Lívia , Balažovjechová Barbora , Záhumenský Jozef , Celec Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
It is not clear, which factors affect extracellular DNA (ecDNA) concentrations in healthy women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies, although deoxyribonucleases (DNases) are hypothesized to be responsible for the cleavage of plasma ecDNA. The aim of this study was to analyze potential determinants of total ecDNA including plasma DNase activity.

Methods
Plasma samples were collected from 48 healthy women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies in the third trimester (gestation week 37). DNA was isolated and quantified using fluorometry and real time PCR. DNase activity was assessed using the single radial enzyme-diffusion method.

Results
Neither ecDNA, nor DNase activity were affected by maternal age or BMI. DNase activity negatively correlated with total plasma ecDNA (r=−0.40, p=0.007). Similar associations were found for ecDNA of nuclear and mitochondrial origin, but not with fetal DNA quantified using Y-targeted PCR in male fetus-bearing pregnancies.

Conclusions
The role of plasma ecDNA of fetal and maternal origin is studied in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-complications. The results indicate that plasma DNase activity could negatively regulate ecDNA concentrations and should, thus, be analyzed in preeclampsia, preterm birth and other ecDNA-related pregnancy complications.
We in Me or Me in We? Collective Intentionality and Selfhood
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe article takes issue with the proposal that dominant accounts of collective intentionality suffer from an individualist bias and that one should instead reverse the order of explanation and give primacy to the we and the community. It discusses different versions of thecommunity firstview and argues that they fail because they operate with too simplistic a conception of what it means to be a self and misunderstand what it means to be (part of) a we. In presenting this argument, the article seeks to demonstrate that a thorough investigation of collective intentionality has to address the status and nature of the we, and that doing so will require an analysis of the relation between the we and the I, which in turn will call for a more explicit engagement with the question of selfhood than is customary in contemporary discussions of collective intentionality.
Seasonal patterns in habitat use by the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) and other small mammals
Authors: Occhiuto Francesca , Mohallal Eman , Gilfillan Geoffrey D. , Lowe Andrew , Reader Tom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ecology of the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) is poorly understood, partly because it is a difficult species to monitor. It is commonly associated with reedbeds, where evidence suggests that it experiences strong seasonal fluctuations in abundance. However, it is unknown whether these fluctuations are caused by real changes in population size, or by movement between habitats. This study investigated seasonal changes in population size and habitat use by harvest mice, and other small mammal species, by trapping the reedbed and three associated habitat types: woodland, pasture and arable land. A sampling effort of 9887 trap bouts across nine months, resulted in 70 captures of harvest mice, as well as wood mice (N = 1022), bank voles (N = 252), field voles (N = 9), common shrews (N = 86) and pygmy shrews (N = 7). The reedbed was the habitat with the most captures and highest diversity. Harvest mice were caught exclusively in the reedbed at the beginning of autumn. Wood mice and bank voles experienced fluctuations in population numbers and wood mice also showed seasonal variation in habitat use. Our study supports the idea that harvest mice undergo extreme seasonal fluctuations in abundance in reedbeds, but these do not appear to be related to changes in habitat use.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-methanolato-κ2
O:O)-(μ2-1-((2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-κ2N:N′)-(thiocyanato-κ1
N)copper(II)] 0.25 hydrate, C17H16CuN6OS ⋅ 0.5H2O
Authors: Zhang Ya-Wen , Wang Xin-Ling , Yang Jing , Wang Xia , Yuan Xian-Xian , Lv Xin-Ya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C17H16CuN6OS ⋅ 0.5H2O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.3523(4) Å, b = 18.2609(9) Å, c = 9.9688(4) Å, β = 103.918(4)°, Z = 4, V = 1829.21(13) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0409, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1099, T = 291(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1,4-bis(4-bromobenzyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile, C26H19Br2ClN2
Authors: Shao Han-Qiao , Wang Yin-Xin , Sun Hai-Yang , Wang Yu-Cai , Sun Wu-Ji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C26H19Br2ClN2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.4830(12) Å, b = 10.2313(12) Å, c = 13.5948(18) Å, α = 111.234(2)°, β = 98.025(2)°, γ = 101.707(2)°, V = 1170.6(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0444, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1273, T = 296 K.
Determination of drying kinetics, specific energy consumption, shrinkage, and colour properties of pomegranate arils submitted to microwave and convective drying
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Golpour Iman , Gonçalves João Carlos , Ghafouri Sara , Guiné Raquel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the drying kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity (D
eff), specific energy consumption (SEC), colour, and shrinkage (S
b) of pomegranate arils were compared when dried by convective (CV) drying and microwave (MW) drying. The experiments were performed at air temperature of 50, 60, and 70°C and air velocity of 1 m/s for CV drying and 270, 450, and 630 W for MW drying. The results showed that increasing air temperature and MW power increased the D
eff. The calculations demonstrated that the maximum D
eff for pomegranate arils was obtained for MW drying (630 W). Maximum SEC for pomegranate arils in the CV dryer was 145.12 kWh/kg, whereas in the MW dryer was 35.42 kWh/kg. In MW dryer, the lowest values of colour change and shrinkage were 6.77 and 50.5%, respectively. Comprehensive comparison of the different drying methods (MW and CV) revealed that MW drying had best drying performance for pomegranate arils, considering the drying time, effective moisture diffusion, SEC, colour, and shrinkage.
Liquation Cracking in a Row 1 Turbine Vane
Authors: Neidel A. , Gädicke T. , Riesenbeck S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A first-stage turbine vane was received in the laboratory directly from fabrication, prior to its use in engine service. The part had not yet been covered with its customary coating system that protects these parts against hot corrosion. A first visual inspection revealed multiple cracks on the airfoil’s hot gas path side, fairly centered in the part. After cutting the part open, it soon became apparent that the cracking was even more severe inside, suggesting crack initiation from that cooled side. Fractography allowed to determine liquation cracking as the metallurgical failure mechanism. Since the part was received immediately after pre-heat before plasma coating, that process step was concluded to have caused the cracking.