bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental conditions compensation for a length measurement system based in laser interferometry for machine tool volumetric verification
Authors: Brosed F J , Aguilar J J , Acero R , Velázquez J , Santolaria J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Measurement systems based in laser interferometry have been usually used in industry for volumetric verification. The behaviour of these systems rely on the wavelength of the laser used and so the estimation of the refractive index of the ambient air is a fundamental step in the measurement process. The environmental conditions can be measured with an environmental compensation unit and several equations can be used to estimate the refractive index. When several measurement systems are needed to measure the position of the machine tool head simultaneously during a volumetric verification, the information of the environmental control unit has to be applied to all the measurements in order to compensate the measurement result with the ambience conditions. This can be done estimating an adequate compensation model from the environmental data. In this work the Ciddor equation has been used to adjust compensation models based in regression curves.
Development of a quality control system for the supply of silica refractory material from China
Authors: Álvarez D , García M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This document describes how to perform a quality control management of refractory silica material purchased in China. Silica refractories are key actors in the lifetime of the equipment and they are fundamental to ensure the adequate operation of the plant. The objective is to plan the sampling, minimising the number of tests to obtain an assessment of the quality of the consignment with the greatest precision. The types of destructive and non-destructive tests, the number of pieces to be inspected per batch and the acceptance criteria will be defined in this article. The quality control will be carried out at three levels, one to be performed by the manufacturer and the others by the buyer and the final client. The approval of the lots by the three parties ensures that the quality of the product is in accordance with the specifications. It will be achieved by dividing the order into different batches to treat them as independent units for acceptance or rejection. To avoid the loss of “see freight time” in case of rejection of any consignment, the customer’s quality control must be performed before shipping the batches.
A comparison of fitting criteria for circle arc measurement applications
Authors: Calvo R , Arteaga A , Domingo R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Measuring circular shape is a main task of dimensional metrology, characterized by circle diameter and its roundness, both for full circles and circle arcs. Point coordinates allows measuring both arcs and full circle, by fitting to substitution geometry, in many cases by least-squares criteria and fitting. Nevertheless, circle shape can be also characterized by the minimum zone, minimum circumscribed and maximum inscribed circles. This research presents a systematic experimental analysis of results of normal distributed points around the substitution circle through simulation, for different circle arc angles to the full circle and for the four mentioned fitting criteria. The results show the influence of arc angle in the variability of the results across criteria and the different behaviour depending on the arc amplitude. The results confirm the good stability and behaviour of least squares and minimum zone criteria, while warns the use of minimum circumscribed and maximum inscribed circles over half circumference. Experimental regression facilitates estimation of the minimum zone criteria from the least squares fitting that are independently verified with literature datasets with good results.
Effect of ambient temperature on machine tool compensation functions
Authors: Aguado S , Pérez P , Albajez J A , Velázquez J , Santolaria J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Volumetric verification is increasing daily its relevance. However, as it is based on mathematical compensation, it does not model only the influence of the machine tool’s geometric error to verify, but the total error of the data. Among all error sources, thermal variations due to changes in environmental conditions strongly affect MT position accuracy. This paper studies how verification changes affect compensation functions based on a modification of machine tool kinematic model and a generator of synthetic data. It takes into consideration the influence of the measurement noise on verification too. Moreover, the paper also studies how differences between verification and working conditions affect the accuracy of MT compensation functions. To do that, a brief explanation of the developed algorithm is presented.
Analysis of AZ31B – Ti6Al4V bimetallic extrusion by numerical simulation and Taguchi method
Authors: Fernández D , Rodríguez A , Camacho A M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the extrusion force and damage induced during an extrusion process to manufacture bimetallic cylinders combining a titanium alloy sleeve (Ti6Al4V) and a magnesium alloy core (AZ31B). A study has been carried out to determine the damage factor distribution through the extrusion process and how this factor together with the extrusion force are influenced by the manufacturing parameters (extrusion ratio, friction and die semi-angle) by means of finite element (FE) simulations. Also, a Taguchi Design of Experiments (DoE) and an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) have been performed in order to study the influence of each parameter to minimize the extrusion force needed to perform the process and the damage in the extrudate. The results show that damage distribution in the sleeve does not follow any pattern, appearing in different region in a random way. However, in the core the damage always occurs in the region outside the contour of the sleeve, where it reaches the maximum value and afterwards remains stationary during the rest of the process. In the core, damage increases as friction factor does and it is independent of the cross-section reduction for low die semi-angles (15°) and reaches the maximum values for 60° die semi-angle. In both cases, damage and extrusion force, the more relevant factor to obtain minimum values is the die semi-angle.
Investigation of ball burnishing process using vibration and acoustic emission sensors
Authors: Fernandez I , Velazquez E , Marques J , Lluma J , Jerez R , Travieso J A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a ball burnishing tool mounted in a CNC lathe is characterized. This tool may work as vibration assisted ball-burnishing tool and in conventional way. The characterization consists of acoustic emission measurements in both burnishing processes, and vibration measurements with tri-axial accelerometers. The acoustic emission measurements permit to investigate if any kind of damage is produced in the material by the burnishing process. An operational deflexion shape exercise has been performed with the vibration measurements. This permits to investigate the movement of the tool during the burnishing process and to evaluate the rigidity of the tool.
Investigation of defects in roll contacts of machine elements with Acoustic Emission and Unsupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Hillenbrand J , Detroy J , Fleischer J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the age of Industry 4.0 and IIoT machines are becoming increasingly connected enabling continuous monitoring. A variety of information from machines and installed sensors is used to develop condition monitoring solutions. These systems are used to prevent premature failures and the follow-up costs due to machine downtime associated with them. Recent research in this area applies supervised machine learning, extracting features from captured signals and training classifiers. Supervised learning approaches require large amounts of labeled data, whose generation is time consuming and requires domain knowledge. For this reason, an unsupervised learning approach is being used in this work to distinguish between different defect and operation states of axial ball bearings. Within the scope of this work, acoustic emission (AE) measurements in the ultrasonic range are recorded and evaluated. Artificial defects are seeded in the rolling contact of axial bearings. From the AE signals a selection of state-of-the-art features is extracted. Then, the Laplacian Score, an unsupervised filter algorithm, is used to select the most significant features. Subsequently, the DBSCAN clustering algorithm is used to draw conclusions about the existing damage.
Superfinishing robotic cell to automate belt polishing process on critical aeronautical components
Authors: González M , Rodriguez A , Pereira O , López De Lacalle L N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Surface quality requirements on aeronautical components are critical. When components are manufactured via casting or forging processes, functional surfaces should be machined and, later on, these surfaces should be finished using polishing or other superfinishing techniques. These final processes are usually performed manually by experienced operators, mainly due to their complexity. Nowadays, new technologies provide a chance to automate these processes, but some aspects must be taken into account. On the one hand, it requires technological advances that allow process to be carried out in compliance with the required tolerances. Many of these technologies do not include in their scope the usual materials employed in aeronautical components, which are critical in terms of geometries and machinability. On the other hand, tests must be carried out with different tools and abrasive materials to establish optimum processing conditions in this type of automated process. In this line, the driver of the proposed work is to analyse the behaviour of different abrasive materials and their influence in material removal rate when process parameters increase. Test were performed using a robotic cell equipped with a pneumatic compensation system for pressure and cutting speed control. Obtained results may serve as a basis for defining operating conditions of this type of processes and help to understand their behaviour when dealing with different cutting conditions.
Design of a conceptual model for a maintenance object within a producer: impact on distribution network - a simulation case study
Authors: Gejo J , Gallego S , García M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, logistics can be described as an interdisciplinary strategy to optimize the production system. Availability is, therefore, the link between logistics and industrial maintenance. To manage this paradigm, maintenance management for a production process plays a key role. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to design a holistic process-oriented approach to assess the impact of maintenance management on the distribution network and end-customer. As a result, impacts and interrelationships between maintenance and distribution towards the end-customers are derived. Based on the conceptual model, a simulation case study in a supply chain with a producer and its distribution network is developed. Goal is to observe the results of a certain maintenance strategy and its related maintenance characteristics in the subsequent steps of the production process and in the end-customer through the distribution network. The analysis of the case study is performed by means of simulation. The simulation model is built using System Dynamics (SD). Thanks to the scenarios and their results the impact of the maintenance strategy of one object could be observed. The impact depends also on other factors than only maintenance of the object such as customer demand, stocks, supply chain steps and proximity to end-customers.
Methodology to estimate the modulus of elasticity of parts manufactured by FFF/FDM combining finite element simulations and experimental tests
Authors: Fernández V , García A , Camacho A M , Claver J , Rodríguez A , Sebastián M A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to the manufacturing characteristics “layer by layer” of Additive Manufacturing processes (AM) such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) or Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) techniques, the manufactured parts exhibit anisotropic behaviour, and therefore it is complex to estimate their mechanical response. Consequently, finite element (FE) modelling of the performance of this kind of additive parts can be time-consuming, especially for implicit algorithms. For this reason, in this work, a proposal of simplified FEM model is presented to reduce the computation time but keeping accurate results, when predicting the modulus of elasticity of FDM parts. The methodology is based in a combination of experimental and numerical simulation techniques. A FEM model is developed using the commercial finite element software Abaqus/Standard. The parameters considered in this study are the percentage of infill (25, 50 and 75%) and the construction orientation (XYZ). Tensile tests were performed following the guidelines specified in the standards UNE-EN ISO 17296-3 and UNE-EN ISO 527-2. The comparison of the elastic behaviour obtained by both experimental and simulation techniques allowed to adjust the simulation parameters, resulting in a simplified FE model. The methodology presented can be used as a prediction tool to analyse the tensile mechanical behaviour of this kind of samples.
3D printed surgical planning prototype manufactured by a hybrid multi-material 3D printer
Authors: Tejo A , Castellví A , Lustig P , Fenollosa F , Uceda R , Buj I , Krauel L , Valls A , Munuera J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Surgical planning is a preoperative method of pre-visualization that is carried out before or during a surgical intervention in order to achieve the best outcome. This can be done either image-based or hands-on. Regarding the first strategy, it is based on the use of medical images. However, it has a huge limitation, which is the difficulty of identifying anatomical structures (crucial for surgeons to make correct decisions) and distances between tissues without any physical support. This problem is overcome with the use of 3D models. Despite this important development, until nowadays most of the surgical planning prototypes were 3D printed either using the moulding technique, which might take several days, or high-cost technologies as is material jetting. That is why, the present manuscript seeks to solve the problems arose by the use of a hybrid-multi material 3D printer which can not only use several materials at the time, but also two 3D printing technologies. The prototype introduced in this study is a neuroblastoma, a common cancer among children.
Responding to rapidly changing product demand through a coordinated additive manufacturing production system: a COVID-19 case study
Authors: Goudswaard M , Gopsill J , Ma A , Nassehi A , Hicks B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
COVID-19’s lockdown policies saw Modern Manufacturing Practice (MMP) – batch/mass/just-in-time supply chains – severed and societal demands rapidly change from products such as vehicles and clothing to Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), ventilators and equipment for remote working. The critical and, in many cases, life preserving, need for responsive manufacturing resulted in government and frontline services turning to society’s Additive Manufacturing (AM) capability in homes, schools, universities, and industry to provide essential products and product replacements. While AM managed to respond and support some government and frontline services, the highly distributed and diverse nature of the nation’s AM resources resulted in potentially avoidable production inefficiencies and delays. This paper develops and evaluates a series of strategies for coordinating AM for rapidly changing product demand to further enhance the responsiveness and productivity of AM. The strategies presented in the paper employ a host-client agent-based architecture that enable local governance of production thereby enabling distributed AM resource to come together to tackle society’s production needs without the need for centralised coordination. To enable and support local governance, it is necessary to understand how the combination of production logics impact the overall performance of the production system. Correspondingly, the contribution of this paper lies in the characterisation and quantification of the impacts of production logic through the metrics of Time in System, Lateness and Jobs in Queue and the consequences for responsive AM production systems.
Design Learning: a methodology for the autonomous design and manufacture of customised toys based on Machine Learning
Authors: Pardo M-A , Rodríguez L , Pavon P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Society is increasingly demanding products with a higher degree of customization and shorter manufacturing phases. This demand is currently conditioned by a context of reduced mobility due to Covid-19. For these reasons, a new methodology called Design Learning is proposed, capable of designing personalized toys autonomously to improve the physical and mental development of children, including those with special needs. This method is based on the automated study of the user through their activity on audio-visual platforms and social networks, and on the application of Machine Learning techniques, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, parametric CAD and Additive Manufacturing. The results of the experiment show that children are able to use the proposed method and enjoy using it. It has also been obtained, thanks to the techniques used, in addition to designing and manufacturing toys autonomously and contributing to the development of children, that this tool also favours the competence of small companies and reduces the carbon footprint produced by traditional manufacturing processes.
Design and fabrication of prototype of extrusion equipment for research and teaching purposes
Authors: Camacho A M , De Agustina B , Pérez A , Marín M , Rubio E M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In Engineering Schools, metal forming teaching laboratories are not always equipped with all the suitable equipment to show the students how metal forming operations are performed in industrial facilities, due mainly to space and/or economical limitations. In this work, a proposal of design and fabrication of prototype of extrusion equipment is presented, mainly for teaching purposes, but also, for research activities in extrusion processes. To reach the aim, the components of the prototype are integrated in a universal testing machine Hoytom HM-100kN. This kind of equipment is available in any Engineering School, which makes the proposal accessible to any lecturer interested in metal forming teaching. The final design of the prototype was made taking into account the possibility of using standardized components to facilitate both installation and maintenance tasks. It is also important to emphasize the modular nature of the design to allow its adaptation to different applications and case studies. The prototype presented has demonstrated to be able to produce long profiles by cold extrusion, not only with plasticine (typically used in physical modelling) but with a metallic material, as tin. This prototype could be used as an example of extrusion equipment to be reproducible in metal forming laboratories of other universities.
A methodology for early detection of potentially low-achievement students by means of online testing and Item Response Theory
Authors: Blanco D , Sánchez F , Álvarez B J , Fernández P , Beltrán N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There is an increasing concern about the relevance of reducing university dropout, since the available information shows how dropout reaches surprisingly high values. Additionally, the particular dynamics of university courses makes it difficult to identify students that are prone to fail the course. Present work proposes a methodology to implement an early detection of students in risk of failure, based on the Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis of data collected from online tests. Questions are presented to the students according to knowledge campaigns within the frame of the course by means of an online knowledge management platform (ZAPIENS). Results from student´s performance are processed using IRT to obtain the value of ability for each individual. This information is later used to identify those students that, with high probability, would fail the subject. Students would be grouped according to a Homogeneous Cluster Strategy into different ability levels. Accordingly, faculty would be capable of implementing specific reinforcement strategies. Results indicate that the methodology allows for an appropriate segmentation of the students according to their capability at an early stage. This strategy could help in the development of differential learning itineraries and could also be easily adapted to different educational environments.
Effect of cold rolling and ageing treatment on the interface morphology and mechanical properties of maraging steel/medium-entropy alloy multilayer composite
Authors: Liu Baoxi , Li Zhuoyu , Chen Cuixin , Guo Weibing , Yang Bingchen , Yang Bo , Liu Kailun , Ge Yifei , Yin Fuxing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The cold rolling and subsequent ageing treatment of hot-rolled 18Ni300/CoCrNi multilayer composites were carried out to analyse the high work hardening ability of medium-entropy alloy (CoCrNi alloy) and the ageing precipitate strengthening effect of maraging steel (18Ni300). The results show that with the rise of cold rolling reduction, the ratio constitute layer and interface transition layer thicknesses are gradually decreased, and the interface shape changes from a flat to a wavy state, which is mainly due to the serious work hardening of the CoCrNi layer. Meanwhile, the tensile strength continuously increased. When the multilayer composite is cold-rolled to 0.5 mm, its tensile strength reaches more than 2 GPa, and the fracture elongation remains at approximately 7%. After ageing, the superior tensile strength is as high as 2825 MPa, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of work hardening, precipitation strengthening and strong interface bonding strengthening.
Chemical and biological studies of natural and synthetic products for the highly selective control of pest insect species
Authors: Matsuda Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Tanacetum cinerariifolium was known to produce pyrethrins, but the mechanism of pyrethrin biosynthesis was largely unclear. The author showed that the nonmevalonate and oxylipin pathways underlie biosynthesis of the acid and alcohol moieties, respectively, and a GDSL lipase joins the products of these pathways. A blend of the green leaf volatiles and (E)-β-farnesene mediates the induction of wounding responses to neighboring intact conspecies by enhancing pyrethrin biosynthesis. Plants fight against herbivores underground as well as aboveground, and, in soy pulps, some fungi produce compounds selectively modulating ion channels in insect nervous system. The author proposed that indirect defense of plants occurs where microorganisms produce defense substances in the rhizosphere. Broad-spectrum pesticides, including neonicotinoids, may affect nontarget organisms. The author discovered cofactors enabling functional expression of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This led to understanding the mechanism of insect nAChR–neonicotinoid interactions, thus paving new avenues for controlling crop pests and disease vectors.