bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphadenopathy at the crossroad between immunodeficiency and autoinflammation: An intriguing challenge
Authors: Costagliola Giorgio , Consolini Rita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lymphadenopathies can be part of the clinical spectrum of several primary immunodeficiencies, including diseases with immune dysregulation and autoinflammatory disorders, as the clinical expression of benign polyclonal lymphoproliferation, granulomatous disease or lymphoid malignancy. Lymphadenopathy poses a significant diagnostic dilemma when it represents the first sign of a disorder of the immune system, leading to a consequently delayed diagnosis. Additionally, the finding of lymphadenopathy in a patient with diagnosed immunodeficiency raises the question of the differential diagnosis between benign lymphoproliferation and malignancies. Lymphadenopathies are evidenced in 15–20% of the patients with common variable immunodeficiency, while in other antibody deficiencies the prevalence is lower. They are also evidenced in different combined immunodeficiency disorders, including Omenn syndrome, which presents in the first months of life. Interestingly, in the activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta syndrome, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disorders and regulatory T cell disorders, lymphadenopathy is one of the leading signs of the entire clinical picture. Among autoinflammatory diseases, the highest prevalence of lymphadenopathies is observed in patients with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) and hyper-immunoglobulin (Ig)D syndrome. The mechanisms underlying lymphoproliferation in the different disorders of the immune system are multiple and not completely elucidated. The advances in genetic techniques provide the opportunity of identifying new monogenic disorders, allowing genotype–phenotype correlations to be made and to provide adequate follow-up and treatment in the single diseases. In this work, we provide an overview of the most relevant immune disorders associated with lymphadenopathy, focusing on their diagnostic and prognostic implications.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in postpartum women with suboptimal iodine and selenium and adequate iron status
Authors: Jin Ying , Coad Jane , Zhou Shao J. , Skeaff Sheila , Ramilan Thiagarajah , Brough Louise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePostpartum women experience thyroid dysfunction at twice the prevalence of the general population. Adequate biosynthesis of thyroid hormones depends on three trace elements: iodine, selenium and iron. This study aimed to investigate thyroid dysfunction within a cohort of women at six months postpartum in relation to iodine, selenium and iron status.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was part of an observational longitudinal cohort Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation; data obtained at six months postpartum are reported.SubjectsMother‐infant pairs (n = 87) were recruited at three months postpartum and followed up at six months postpartum (n = 78).MeasurementsThyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid‐stimulating hormone) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were measured. Urinary iodine concentration, breast milk iodine concentration, serum thyroglobulin, plasma selenium, serum ferritin and serum soluble transferrin receptors were determined. Nonparametric data were expressed as median (25th, 75th percentile).ResultsThyroid dysfunction was found in 18% of women, and 4% of women had iron deficiency. Median urinary iodine concentration was 85 (43, 134) µg/L, median breast milk iodine concentration was 59 (39, 109) µg/L, and median serum thyroglobulin at 11.4 (8.6, 18.6) µg/L, indicating iodine deficiency. Median plasma selenium concentration was 105.8 (95.6, 115.3) µg/L. Women with marginally lower plasma selenium concentration were 1.12% times more likely to have abnormal TSH concentrations (p = .001).ConclusionsThere was a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. Plasma selenium concentration was the only significant predictor of the likelihood that women had thyroid dysfunction within this cohort, who were iodine deficient and mostly had adequate iron status. Strategies are required to improve both iodine and selenium status to better support maternal thyroid function.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) and clinical outcomes post‐allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Najafi Ahmad , Alizadeh‐Navaei Reza , Rahimi Siavash , Valadan Reza , Tehrani Mohsen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAlthough HLA matching is considered as a key genetic predictor of allo‐HSCT outcomes, genetic polymorphisms in non‐HLA genes, especially in genes encoding immunoregulatory proteins, have also been proposed as additional risk factors linked to the occurrence of transplant complications. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and meta‐analysis from all eligible cohort studies to determine the effect of CTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms, including rs231775, rs3087243, rs4553808, rs5742909, and rs733618, on clinical outcomes in patients receiving an allo‐HSCT.MethodsA systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed to identify the relevant studies, and related information was extracted. The effect size (ES) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association.Results16 studies were eligible and included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled results showed that only the dominant models of rs3087243 were significantly associated with chronic GVHD (cGVHD), while other SNPs were not significantly associated with overall survival, disease‐free survival, relapse, and GVHD.ConclusionsOur study represents, for the first time, a comprehensive meta‐analysis on the role of CTLA‐4 polymorphisms on outcomes after allo‐HSCT. The results indicate that the CT60 CTLA‐4 polymorphism could be a significant risk factor for cGVHD.
Extreme winter weather: A force to be remembered in dermatopathology
Authors: Dreher Katie , Zaladonis Angela , Valdes‐Rodriguez Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is important for the dermatopathologist to be adept in differentiating tissue artifacts from normal tissue variants and pathologies. Numerous tissue artifacts have been described to date; however, once we are familiar with the common artifacts that appear in our practice, we may not immediately recognize other confounders. For example, dermatopathologists in more temperate regions of the country may not be familiar with freezing artifact. In this case series, we present three common diagnoses in dermatopathology that were obscured by the extreme winter weather that severely impacted the Southern United States in February 2021 and discuss methods to prevent these artifacts.
Summarising the impacts of the Queensland Alcohol‐related violence and Night‐Time Economy (QUANTEM) project
Authors: Miller Peter G. , Coomber Kerri , de Andrade Dominique , Livingston Michael , Puljević Cheneal , Vakidis Thea , Carah Nicholas , Taylor Nicholas , Burn Michele , Curtis Ashlee , Room Robin , Clough Alan , Najman Jake , Scott Debbie , Mayshak Richelle , Ferris Jason 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis closing commentary to the special section presents an overview of the Queensland Alcohol‐related violence and Night‐Time Economy Monitoring evaluation findings in comparison to those from other jurisdictions where similar interventions have been implemented (such as Sydney and Newcastle), and especially with previous studies that have used similar evaluation methodologies, such as the Dealing with Alcohol and the Night‐Time Economy study. Overall, the articles documented promising reductions in alcohol‐related harm, building on the existing evidence base for multi‐pronged interventions in entertainment districts. Importantly, this is the first comprehensive investigation to also look at impacts on nightlife‐related business and findings demonstrated, that there were improvements for many businesses. There are substantial policy implications for Queensland and other jurisdictions (nationally and globally) wanting to reduce late night alcohol‐related harm in entertainment districts.
No more hypoglycaemia on days with physical activity and unrestricted diet when using a closed‐loop system for 12 weeks: A post hoc secondary analysis of the multicentre, randomized controlled Diabeloop WP7 trial
Authors: Franc Sylvia , Benhamou Pierre‐Yves , Borot Sophie , Chaillous Lucy , Delemer Brigitte , Doron Maeva , Guerci Bruno , Hanaire Hélène , Huneker Erik , Jeandidier Nathalie , Amadou Coralie , Renard Eric , Reznik Yves , Schaepelynck Pauline , Simon Chantal , Thivolet Charles , Thomas Claire , Hannaert Patrick , Charpentier Guillaume 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA post hoc analysis of the Diabeloop WP7 multicentre, randomized controlled trial was performed to investigate the efficacy of the Diabeloop Generation‐1 (DBLG1) closed‐loop system in controlling the hypoglycaemia induced by physical activity (PA) in real‐life conditions. Glycaemic outcomes were compared between days with and without PA in 56 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using DBLG1 for 12 weeks. After the patient announces a PA, DBLG1 reduces insulin delivery and, if necessary, calculates the amount of preventive carbohydrates (CHO). Daily time spent in the interstitial glucose range less than 70 mg/dL was not significantly different between days with and without PA (2.0% ± 1.5% vs. 2.2% ± 1.1%), regardless of the intensity or duration of the PA. Preventive CHO intake recommended by the system was significantly higher in days with PA (41.1 ± 35.5 vs. 21.8 ± 28.5 g/day; P < .0001), and insulin delivery was significantly lower (31.5 ± 10.5 vs. 34.0 ± 10.5 U/day; P < .0001). The time spent in hyperglycaemia and the glycaemic variation coefficient increased significantly on days with PA. In real‐life conditions, the use of DBLG1 avoids PA‐induced hypoglycaemia. Insulin adjustments and preventive CHO recommendation may explain this therapeutic benefit.
Potential kidney protection with liraglutide and semaglutide: Exploratory mediation analysis
Authors: Mann Johannes F. E. , Buse John B. , Idorn Thomas , Leiter Lawrence A. , Pratley Richard E. , Rasmussen Søren , Vilsbøll Tina , Wolthers Benjamin , Perkovic Vlado 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether effects on chronic kidney disease risk factors could explain the apparent reduction in kidney outcomes (composite of macroalbuminuria, doubling of serum creatinine, renal replacement therapy, or renal death), primarily driven by changes in albuminuria, after treatment with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) liraglutide and semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes in the LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 trials.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated the mediation effect of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (BP), and body weight on the kidney effects of GLP‐1RAs. Diastolic BP, haemoglobin, heart rate, low‐density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, and white blood cell count were also investigated. The mediation effect was estimated by the novel Vansteelandt statistical method. Subgroups with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were examined in LEADER.ResultsWe observed that HbA1c mediated 25% (95% confidence interval [CI] −7.1; 67.3) and 26% (95% CI noncalculable), and systolic BP 9% (95% CI 2.8; 22.7) and 22% (95% CI noncalculable) of kidney effects of GLP‐1RAs in LEADER and SUSTAIN 6, respectively. Small or no mediation was observed for the other parameters; for example, body weight mediated 9% (95% CI −7.9; 35.5) in the former and did not mediate effects in the latter study. Mediation by HbA1c was greater in patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (57%) versus those with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (no mediation).ConclusionsOur results suggest that HbA1c and systolic BP may moderately mediate kidney benefits of liraglutide and semaglutide, with all other variables having a small to no effect. Potential kidney benefits may be driven by other mediators or potentially by direct mechanisms.
Emerging from Crisis: How Organizations Can Use Futures Thinking to Design for Emergence
Authors: Corthell Liz Possee , Messervy Lindsey 
Published: May 2021

The Covid‐19 pandemic has taught us a lot of life lessons—some welcome, others not—but amidst these lessons are that there are consequences to not thinking about the future.As organizations cope with the pandemic, the need to consider the future—how to plan for its uncertainty and the challenges that come with it—has grown in importance.
Co‐Designing a Meaningful, Empathetic, and Safer Future Experience for Volvo Latin America
Authors: Machado Romeu Biscaia , Kindinger Deise , Wasman Karen , Skora Taciane 
Published: May 2021

Working with people you can trust to be genuine and transparent is fundamental to launching a project with a scope that encompasses connecting missing pieces, breaking silos, and seeking opportunities to build a collaborative environment.Research, empathy, rhythm, and balance are vital components in design and innovation. Using them to improve customer experience, employee experience, and service design at Volvo has been transformational.
Evolvability under climate change: Bone development and shape plasticity are heritable and correspond with performance in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Campbell Calum S. , Adams Colin E. , Bean Colin W. , Pilakouta Natalie , Parsons Kevin J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEnvironmental conditions can impact the development of phenotypes and in turn the performance of individuals. Climate change, therefore, provides a pressing need to extend our understanding of how temperature will influence phenotypic variation. To address this, we assessed the impact of increased temperatures on ecologically significant phenotypic traits in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We raised Arctic charr at 5°C and 9°C to simulate a predicted climate change scenario and examined temperature‐induced variation in ossification, bone metabolism, skeletal morphology, and escape response. Fish reared at 9°C exhibited less cartilage and bone development at the same developmental stage, but also higher bone metabolism in localized regions. The higher temperature treatment also resulted in significant differences in craniofacial morphology, changes in the degree of variation, and fewer vertebrae. Both temperature regime and vertebral number affected escape response performance, with higher temperature leading to decreased latency. These findings demonstrate that climate change has the potential to impact development through multiple routes with the potential for plasticity and the release of cryptic genetic variation to have strong impacts on function through ecological performance and survival.
Bottom‐up and top‐down forces in plant‐gall relationships: testing the hypotheses of resource concentration, associational resistance, and host fitness reduction
Authors: Martini Vitor C. , Raymundo Diego , Prado‐Junior Jamir , Oliveira Denis C. 
Published: May 2021

1. The abundance of insect galls may be influenced by the local host abundance as well as by the structure of the surrounding plant community, while insect galls may reduce host fitness. So far, few studies have been done in order to understand the relationship between galling insect abundance and the surrounding non‐host plant community.2. In the present study, we explored the relationship between galling insect abundance and plant community structure and diversity. We tested the bottom‐up forces of host and non‐host plant density and non‐host diversity on gall abundance. We also tested the top‐down force of gall abundance on host fitness.3. We sampled all trees, measured their basal area, and estimated gall abundance in 25 plots (1 ha in total) located in a Brazilian savanna. In addition, we recorded the presence of flowers and fruits in all trees studied.4. We found a positive relationship between host basal area per plot and gall abundance and a negative relationship between non‐host basal area and species diversity with gall abundance. We also observed a negative association between gall abundance and the probability of the host plant to have flowers or fruits.5. Our data provide evidence that plant communities in which one host species dominates can be more susceptible to herbivore pressures than communities with less host dominance and more non‐host neighbours, and that the non‐host species create disruptive cues limiting galling insect infestation.
Developing a theoretical framework for persistent cannabis use among young adults with first episode psychosis
Authors: Marino Leslie , Jankowski Samantha E. , Kent Rick , Birnbaum Michael L. , Nossel Ilana , Alves‐Bradford Jean‐Marie , Dixon Lisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimCannabis use is common among individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP) and persistent use is associated with worse outcomes. The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify factors pertaining to onset of cannabis use and persistent use among young adults with early psychosis receiving coordinated specialty care (CSC) in the United States and begin to develop a theoretical framework to drive further study and hypothesis testing and inform the approach to treatment of cannabis use disorder in this setting.MethodsParticipants were ages 16–30 years with early psychosis attending a CSC program in New York State. Interviews were conducted in December 2018. Coding and analysis was conducted in Atlas.ti and themes were identified via a thematic analysis approach.ResultsThirteen individuals completed the interview. The mean age in years was 20.7 and the majority were male (n = 10). Almost half (46%) were Black, non‐Hispanic and 39% were Hispanic. Seven participants indicated they were currently using cannabis and six participants indicated they had stopped for at least 6 months at the time of the interview. Several themes emerged including the influence of family and social norms, motivating factors for persistent use and for reduced use or abstinence, and ambivalence regarding the impact of cannabis use on mental health.ConclusionA theoretical framework emerged which may help identify future research in this area and inform the approach to treatment of cannabis use disorder in this setting.
Baseline serum B‐cell maturation antigen levels predict time to disease progression for patients with smoldering multiple myeloma
Authors: Bujarski Sean , Goldwater Marissa‐Skye , Regidor Bernard Sean , Jew Scott , Daniely David , Swift Regina A. , Eades Benjamin M. , Emamy‐Sadr Marsiye , Souther Eric , Li Mingjie , Wang Cathy , Xu Ning , Chen Haiming , Spektor Tanya M. , Berenson James R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) patients with smoldering (S) disease are defined by a lack of CRAB/SLiM criteria but may transform into disease requiring treatment. The International Myeloma Working Group risk stratification model for SMM uses serum M‐protein, serum‐free light chain ratio, and bone marrow plasma cell percentage. We investigated whether baseline serum B‐cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) levels are predictive of disease progression among 65 patients with SMM.A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to establish a definition for high‐risk baseline sBCMA. Mantel Byar analysis was used to examine whether high‐risk sBCMA was correlated with shorter time to transformation, and a time‐dependent cox proportional hazard was used to determine whether it is independent of other risk factors. A z test for proportions was used to compare the percentage of patients that progressed among high‐risk versus low‐risk sBCMA patients.A baseline sBCMA level ≥137.5 mg/ml was found to be the optimal cutoff between high‐ and low‐risk SMM patients. Patients with high‐risk sBCMA levels had a shorter time to transformation (P = .000332). sBCMA was also higher at the time of transformation than baseline levels (P = .0116). sBCMA was the only variable found to be significantly predictive of time to transformation and additionally was found to be independent of other risk factors.In this study, we have shown for the first time that sBCMA levels predict transformation of SMM to active disease and that these levels increase at the time of transformation. These results are consistent with other studies showing that active MM patients undergoing therapy with higher baseline sBCMA levels are more likely to progress early and its levels increase at the time of disease progression.
Linking phylogenetic niche conservatism to soil archaeal biogeography, community assembly and species coexistence
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Chen Weimin , Wei Gehong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimA predictive understanding of the mechanisms underlying microbial biogeographical patterns is of great interest, particularly with respect to phylogenetic distributions of their ecological adaptations. Here, we test whether phylogenetic information can predict the biogeographical distributions, community assembly and species co‐occurrence of soil archaea.LocationNorthern China.Time periodJuly and August 2017.Major taxa studiedArchaeal communities.MethodsBy conducting a large‐scale (transect intervals of 1,257.6 km) study across agricultural field, forest, wetland, grassland and desert biomes, we applied the phylogenetic framework of niche conservatism to investigate archaeal biogeography, community assembly and network topology. We examined the phylogenetic signal based on Blomberg's K to test whether the environmental preference of a given archaeal taxon was related to the phylogeny, corresponding to the degree of phylogenetic conservatism for environmental niches across complex environmental gradients. We evaluated the assembly processes of archaeal communities based on null model and Sloan neutral model analyses. We then explored the major factors that influenced the species coexistence and assembly processes of soil archaeal communities.ResultsSoil archaeal taxa exhibited strong climate‐related niche conservatism of ecological preferences. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) had the strongest phylogenetic signal, and this mediated both community assembly processes and species coexistence, with stronger deterministic assembly and less species coexistence in environments with lower precipitation. Phylogenetic diversity was closely linked to the balance of community assembly processes; that is, stochastic assembly processes were dominant in low‐diversity communities, whereas variable selection of deterministic processes promoted high phylogenetic diversity.Main conclusionsWe conclude that strong phylogenetic niche conservatism of soil archaea drives their biogeographical distributions. Our findings represent a considerable advance in linking phylogenetic niche conservatism to soil archaeal biogeography, community assembly and species coexistence, and therefore forecasting soil archaeal evolutionary adaptations in response to ongoing environmental changes.