bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managed livestock grazing for conservation outcomes in a Queensland fragmented landscape
Authors: Lebbink Gabrielle , Dwyer John Matthew , Fensham Rod John 
Published: January 2021

SummaryProtecting native biodiversity is a difficult prospect in extremely modified landscapes, especially where high‐impact exotic species are widespread. Using new data and a review of the literature, this paper comments on the use of livestock grazing to manage the invasive and highly combustible pasture grass species, Buffel Grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and thereby help conserve fire‐sensitive Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) vegetation in reserves in Queensland, Australia. We cite evidence that shows that grazing is a potentially useful management tool in such cases and its use can be compatible with the protection of both fire‐sensitive vegetation and other native plant species within the understorey. However, there are limitations in implementing grazing within conservation reserves including the lack of a clear understanding of the influence of grazing on biodiversity and resource condition. Importantly, we highlight secondary invasion by the exotic grass Indian Couch (Bothriochloa pertusa) as a key emerging threat that may undermine the biodiversity benefits gained by grazing in reserves. Grazing can be a useful tool for conservation management in particular scenarios, but the associated risks demand accompanying monitoring and reporting of positive and negative impacts to ensure the fundamental aim of biodiversity protection is being achieved.
Cycles of self‐reported seizure likelihood correspond to yield of diagnostic epilepsy monitoring
Authors: Karoly Philippa J. , Eden Dominique , Nurse Ewan S. , Cook Mark J. , Taylor Janelle , Dumanis Sonya , Richardson Mark P. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Freestone Dean R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveVideo‐electroencephalography (vEEG) is an important component of epilepsy diagnosis and management. Nevertheless, inpatient vEEG monitoring fails to capture seizures in up to one third of patients. We hypothesized that personalized seizure forecasts could be used to optimize the timing of vEEG.MethodsWe used a database of ambulatory vEEG studies to select a cohort with linked electronic seizure diaries of more than 20 reported seizures over at least 8 weeks. The total cohort included 48 participants. Diary seizure times were used to detect individuals' multiday seizure cycles and estimate times of high seizure risk. We compared whether estimated seizure risk was significantly different between conclusive and inconclusive vEEGs, and between vEEG with and without recorded epileptic activity. vEEGs were conducted prior to self‐reported seizures; hence, the study aimed to provide a retrospective proof of concept that cycles of seizure risk were correlated with vEEG outcomes.ResultsEstimated seizure risk was significantly higher for conclusive vEEGs and vEEGs with epileptic activity. Across all cycle strengths, the average time in high risk during vEEG was 29.1% compared with 14% for the conclusive/inconclusive groups and 32% compared to 18% for the epileptic activity/no epileptic activity groups. On average, 62.5% of the cohort showed increased time in high risk during their previous vEEG when epileptic activity was recorded (compared to 28% of the cohort where epileptic activity was not recorded). For conclusive vEEGs, 50% of the cohort had increased time in high risk, compared to 21.5% for inconclusive vEEGs.SignificanceAlthough retrospective, this study provides a proof of principle that scheduling monitoring times based on personalized seizure risk forecasts can improve the yield of vEEG. Forecasts can be developed at low cost from mobile seizure diaries. A simple scheduling tool to improve diagnostic outcomes may reduce cost and risks associated with delayed or missed diagnosis in epilepsy.
Trust, accountability and ‘the Other’ within the charitable context: U.K. service clubs and grant‐making activity
Authors: Yates David , Belal Ataur Rahman , Gebreiter Florian , Lowe Alan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe third sector encompasses many types of not‐for‐profit organisations (NPOs). This results in a diverse sector, where accountabilities vary and are complex. In this paper, we explore notions of accountability at the micro level of social analysis, between individuals, and enacted through social interaction. We aim to provide detail on how accountability is enacted at this level of analysis, and the role(s) of trust (if any) in this form of accountability. We employ a theoretical framework incorporating the theoretical constructs of accountability, trust and ‘the Other’, with additional support derived from literature that specifically discusses the relationship(s) between accountability, the Other and wider ethics. We employ a qualitative methodological framework, with two sources of data. The primary source of data included 42 semi‐structured interviews conducted with service club members, along with representatives of donor organisations, beneficiary organisations and local government. In addition, documentary evidence was utilised in support of the primary data gathered. Following the application of qualitative data analysis techniques, we conclude that, at the micro level of social analysis, trust and accountability are intertwined concepts. We observed that the main mechanism for the discharge of accountability was via the formation and maintenance of personal relationships between members of the service club and key external stakeholders. We also conclude that charity offers individuals a means by which to particularise aspects of the Other, through the undertaking of charitable action. Within this particularisation process, facilitated by connecting with other individuals, accountability not only takes a different form than more hierarchical forms of accountability, but also serves to build interconnectedness between individuals, and provide satisfaction of the desire for the Other in volunteers and stakeholders alike.
Clinical course of hepatitis C virus‐positive patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in the era of direct‐acting antiviral treatment
Authors: Maesaka Kazuki , Sakamori Ryotaro , Yamada Ryoko , Tahata Yuki , Oshita Masahide , Hagiwara Hideki , Sakakibara Mitsuru , Tamura Shinji , Hiramatsu Naoki , Inada Masami , Iio Sadaharu , Ito Toshifumi , Yakushijin Takayuki , Doi Yoshinori , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical course in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐positive patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis after direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have been used for HCV infection.MethodsThis multicenter study prospectively analyzed a registered cohort composed of 73 HCV‐positive patients with decompensated cirrhosis who attended our 11 institutions between January 2018 and July 2018. Prognoses, including changes in the liver reserve, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), decompensation events, and survival, were analyzed up to July 2020, as was the initiation of DAA treatment.ResultsSixty‐four (87.7%) and nine (12.3%) patients had Child–Pugh class (C‐P) B and C at baseline, respectively. Within 2 years after enrollment, 17 patients (23.3%) received treatment with DAAs, and 31 patients (42.5%) developed uncontrolled HCC, switched to palliative care, or died. Patients who received DAA treatment were significantly younger and had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase levels and lower platelet counts than the patients who did not receive DAA treatment. The rates of overall survival, cumulative HCC occurrence, and cumulative hospitalization for any hepatic decompensation event at 2 years were 64.8%, 13.1%, and 65.6%, respectively. Overall survival was significantly shorter and the HCC occurrence and hospitalization rates were significantly higher in C‐P C patients than in C‐P B patients.ConclusionsAmong HCV‐positive patients with decompensated cirrhosis, approximately one‐fourth received DAA treatment, but more than 40% of the patients lost the opportunity for treatment with DAAs.
The closed academy? Guild power and academic social class
Authors: Macfarlane Bruce , Jefferson Alison Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcademic inbreeding is a deeply ingrained practice which needs to be understood by reference to the medieval guilds. Drawing on the guild concept and associated benefits of forms of capital, a distinction is drawn between ‘guild‐route’ academics who have followed a privileged, linear path into academe and their ‘non‐guild’ counterparts who tend to enter later in their career from the professions or industry, often without a PhD. The tendency to represent early career researchers from a guild background as members of an academic proletariat is largely misleading and fails to take account of their privileged entrée into academe. Their experience is contrasted with those recruited via the non‐guild route who do not have the benefits of the valued social, cultural or symbolic capital needed to advance their careers. Policy implications are discussed to better understand the effects of academic social class on recruitment practices in universities.
Selected nutritional quality and physicochemical properties of silkworm pupae (frozen or powdered) from two species
Authors: Hirunyophat Patthama , Chalermchaiwat Parisut , On‐nom Nattira , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis research was performed to examine selected nutritional quality and physicochemical properties of silkworm pupae. Frozen or powdered pupae from two species of silkworm (Bombyx mori and Samia ricinii) were studied. Eri had the largest size with the highest lightness and peak viscosity. The PCA (principal component analysis) total variance could be explained by 74.68%, and silkworm pupaes could be put into 2 clusters. Cluster 1: all varieties of frozen silkworm pupae having a high moisture content; Cluster 2: silkworm pupae powder. Thai and Hybrid silkworm pupae powder had the highest calcium, total fat and n‐3, n‐6 and n‐9 fatty acids. Eri silkworm pupae powder had the highest protein, essential amino acid and crude fibre. Each variety of silkworm pupae had different properties that might be suitable for developing different food products. Therefore, the presented data would be advantageous for manufacturers for developing functional ingredients and novel foods.
Dietary strategies may influence human nerves and emotions by regulating intestinal microbiota: an interesting hypothesis
Authors: Hong Mengyu , Ho Chi‐Tang , Zhang Xin , Zhang Ruilin , Liu Yanan 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe human body hosts enormous diversity of microbiota. Recently, the importance of microbial communities to host physiology has been recognised. Evidence is now emerging that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract may affect human nerves, cognition and behaviour through the gut‐brain axis (GBA). Although the connection between enteropathy and neurological diseases has been found, it now seems intestinal microorganisms represent the direct mediator of psychopathology. The interactions between host neurological function and intestinal microbiota suggested dietary is a possible way to alleviate psychopathological and neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the possible effect of intestinal microbiota on the changes of nerves and emotions in human brain. Maintaining healthy diet strategies should be an important part of preventing neurological diseases and psychopathologies caused by systemic metabolic changes. We hope to provide a novel insight for the design of dietary therapies from the perspective of GBA.
Nursing – a core element of rehabilitation
Authors: Gutenbrunner C. , Stievano A. , Nugraha B. , Stewart D. , Catton H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAim2020 was been acknowledged by the World Health Organization as the International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife. On this occasion, the Global Rehabilitation Alliance and the International Council of Nurse would like to conceptually reflect the role of nurses in rehabilitation.BackgroundRehabilitation and nursing are strictly ingrained. Rehabilitation aims at improving, reaching and maintaining optimal functioning of persons with disability and persons with health conditions experiencing disability. Nursing is defined as use of clinical judgement in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to cope with health problems, and to achieve the best possible quality of life. Nursing has a crucial role in all phases of rehabilitation care (acute, post‐acute and long‐term rehabilitation). Nurses deliver rehabilitation in many settings, in nursing homes and community‐based rehabilitation. The main principle is not to deliver care for the patient but deliver care with the patient. This includes explaining, demonstrating and practising with the goal to help the patient to (re‐)gain independence.DiscussionNurses play an important role in delivering rehabilitation and are involved in all aspects of the multidimensional rehabilitation process. One of the important points is that in most settings, nurses are the professionals with a prolonged relationship with patients and families, and may have the best insight into the patients’ personal and contextual factors with regard to the rehabilitation process.Conclusion and implications for Nursing and/or Health PolicyStrengthening nursing in rehabilitation is a vital factor to deliver high‐quality rehabilitation and to achieve optimum outcomes. For this reason, we urge all relevant stakeholders at governmental and rehabilitation service provider levels to work towards these goals.
Detection of abnormal left ventricular geometry in patients without cardiovascular disease through machine learning: An ECG‐based approach
Authors: Angelaki Eleni , Marketou Maria E. , Barmparis Georgios D. , Patrianakos Alexandros , Vardas Panos E. , Parthenakis Fragiskos , Tsironis Giorgos P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCardiac remodeling is recognized as an important aspect of cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. Machine learning (ML) techniques were applied to basic clinical parameters and electrocardiographic features, in order to detect abnormal left ventricular geometry (LVG) even before the onset of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), in a population without established CVD. The authors enrolled 528 patients with and without essential hypertension, but no other indications of CVD. All patients underwent a full echocardiographic evaluation and were classified into 3 groups; normal geometry (NG), concentric remodeling without LVH (CR), and LVH. Abnormal LVG was identified as increased relative wall thickness (RWT) and/or left ventricular mass index (LVMi). The authors trained supervised ML models to classify patients with abnormal LVG and calculated SHAP values to perform feature importance and interaction analysis. Hypertension, age, body mass index over the Sokolow‐Lyon voltage, QRS‐T angle, and QTc duration were some of the most important features. Our model was able to distinguish NG from CR+LVH combined, with 87% accuracy on an unseen test set, 75% specificity, 97% sensitivity, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC/ROC) equal to 0.91. The authors also trained our model to classify NG and CR (NG + CR) against those with LVH, with 89% test set accuracy, 93% specificity, 67% sensitivity, and an AUC/ROC value of 0.89, for a 0.4 decision threshold. Our ML algorithm effectively detects abnormal LVG even at early stages. Innovative solutions are needed to improve risk stratification of patients without established CVD, and ML may enable progress in this direction.
Grain‐sized moxibustion promotes NK cell antitumour immunity by inhibiting adrenergic signalling in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hu Dan , Shen Weiming , Gong Chenyuan , Fang Cheng , Yao Chao , Zhu Xiaowen , Wang Lixin , Zhao Chen , Zhu Shiguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancer diagnoses. As an ancient therapy, moxibustion has been used to treat cancer‐related symptoms in clinical practice. However, its antitumour effect on NSCLC remains largely unexplored. In the present study, a Lewis lung cancer (LLC) xenograft tumour model was established, and grain‐sized moxibustion (gMoxi) was performed at the acupoint of Zusanli (ST36). Flow cytometry and RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) were used to access the immune cell phenotype, cytotoxicity and gene expression. PK136, propranolol and epinephrine were used for natural killer (NK) cell depletion, β‐adrenoceptor blockade and activation, respectively. Results showed that gMoxi significantly inhibited LLC tumour growth. Moreover, gMoxi significantly increased the proportion, infiltration and activation of NK cells, whereas it did not affect CD4+and CD8+T cells. NK cell depletion reversed gMoxi‐mediated tumour regression. LLC tumour RNA‐Seq indicated that these effects might be related to the inhibition of adrenergic signalling. Surely, β‐blocker propranolol clearly inhibited LLC tumour growth and promoted NK cells, and gMoxi no longer increased tumour regression and promoted NK cells after propranolol treatment. Epinephrine could inhibit NK cell activity, and gMoxi significantly inhibited tumour growth and promoted NK cells after epinephrine treatment. These results demonstrated that gMoxi could promote NK cell antitumour immunity by inhibiting adrenergic signalling, suggesting that gMoxi could be used as a promising therapeutic regimen for the treatment of NSCLC, and it had a great potential in NK cell–based cancer immunotherapy.
Impact of acne on the daily life of adult patients: building a self‐administered patient questionnaire
Authors: Dréno B. , Khammari A. , Seité S. , Legrand C. , Halioua B. , Misery L. , Ezzedine K. , Shourick J. , Taieb C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a long‐lasting disease in adolescents and adults impacting the patient’s daily life. Currently, there is no specific questionnaire that assesses its impact in adult patients.AimTo build a self‐administered questionnaire assessing the impact of acne on the daily life in adult patients.MethodA multidisciplinary working group was created, including 3 experts in healthcare questionnaires and dermatologists specialized in acne. A questionnaire using a standardized methodology for designing self‐administered patient questionnaires according to conceptual, development and validation phases was developed. A cultural and linguistic validation into US English was conducted, based on the original French version.ResultsA 14‐item questionnaire demonstrating consistency, reproducibility and high reliability was build. The questionnaire significantly correlated with the SF‐12 mental and SF‐12 physical scores and CADI, indicating good external validity.ConclusionThe present acne burden questionnaire AI‐ADL allows the practioner to assess quickly and easily the burden of acne in patients during his daily clinical practice. Moreover, its short format allows patients to express easily and quickly their feelings and to initiate a conversation between the practioner and his patient. Thus, AI‐ADL may help to better understand the multidimensional nature of acne, as well as the individual impact on the acne patient’s daily life and moreover, it may play a key role in the decision‐making process of treatment initiation and involvement of the patient in the management of his acne.
New infrared heat treatment approaches to dry and combat fungal contamination of shelled corn
Authors: Mohammadi Shad Zeinab , Oduola Abass A. , Wilson Shantae , Smith Deandrae , Shafiekhani Soraya , Bruce Rebecca , Atungulu Griffiths G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCommercial application of infrared (IR) heat has been hampered by a lack of readily available data adaptable to high‐throughput (HT) drying requirements in the grain processing industry. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a continuous flow IR heating system to simultaneously dry and decontaminate corn over various drying bed thicknesses (1.5, 2.7, and 4.5 cm). Additionally, impacts of intermediate tempering treatment and variation of IR emitter angle (zero [E‐0] and 30 [E‐30] degrees) on drying and decontamination of the corn were determined. Although IR heating was able to dry and decontaminate corn at the initial moisture content (MC) of ≈21% wet basis (w.b.), moisture removal was most effective at the least bed thickness (1.5 cm). At 1.5 cm bed thickness, a safe storage MC (<14%) was achieved after 15 min of IR heating. At all the bed thicknesses, IR heating with intermediate tempering resulted in higher fungal inactivation than IR heating without tempering. Infrared heating of corn at 1.5 cm bed thickness plus tempering resulted in a total fungal count (TFC) reduction of 3.1 and 4.6 log CFU/g using IR emitters at E‐30 and E‐0° angles, respectively. However, increasing the bed thickness to 2.7 cm resulted in a TFC reduction of 4.8 and 4.6 log CFU/g using E‐30 and E‐0, respectively. Infrared heating using E‐0, compared to using E‐30, accelerated TFC reduction when corn samples were dried at 1.5 cm bed thickness. These results could help guide the design of HT corn drying and decontamination systems.
Amount of contamination on the face shield of endoscopists during upper endoscopy between patients in two positions: A randomized study
Authors: Pittayanon Rapat , Faknak Natee , Ananchuensook Prooksa , Prasoppokakorn Thaninee , Plai‐dum Suppawatsa , Thummongkhol Tiwaporn , Paitoonpong Leilani , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimDuring the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been recognized as an aerosol‐generating procedure. This study aimed to systematically compare the degree of face shield contamination between endoscopists who performed EGD on patients lying in the left lateral decubitus (LL) and prone positions.MethodsThis is a randomized trial in patients scheduled for EGD between April and June 2020. Eligible 212 patients were randomized with 1:1 allocation. Rapid adenosine triphosphate test was used to determine contamination level using relative light units of greater than 200 as a cutoff value. All eligible patients were randomized to lie in either the LL or prone position during EGD. The primary outcome was the rate of contamination on the endoscopist's face shield.ResultsThe majority of patients were female (63%), with a mean age of 60 ± 13 years. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. There was no face shield contamination after EGD in either group. The number of coughs in the LL group was higher than the prone group (1.38 ± 1.8 vs 0.89 ± 1.4, P = 0.03). The mean differences in relative light units on the face shield before and after EGD in the LL and prone groups were 9.9 ± 20.9 and 4.1 ± 6 (P = 0.008), respectively.ConclusionAs measured by the adenosine triphosphate test, performing diagnostic EGD does not lead to contamination on the face shield of the endoscopist. However, placing patients in the prone position may further mitigate the risk.