bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome editing in cereal crops: an overview
Authors: Matres Jerlie Mhay , Hilscher Julia , Datta Akash , Armario-Nájera Victoria , Baysal Can , He Wenshu , Huang Xin , Zhu Changfu , Valizadeh-Kamran Rana , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. , Capell Teresa , Christou Paul , Stoger Eva , Slamet-Loedin Inez H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenome-editing technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for crop improvement with superior precision and speed. This review presents an analysis of the current state of genome editing in the major cereal crops- rice, maize, wheat and barley. Genome editing has been used to achieve important agronomic and quality traits in cereals. These include adaptive traits to mitigate the effects of climate change, tolerance to biotic stresses, higher yields, more optimal plant architecture, improved grain quality and nutritional content, and safer products. Not all traits can be achieved through genome editing, and several technical and regulatory challenges need to be overcome for the technology to realize its full potential. Genome editing, however, has already revolutionized cereal crop improvement and is poised to shape future agricultural practices in conjunction with other breeding innovations.
The hidden interplay between sex and COVID-19 mortality: the role of cardiovascular calcification
Authors: Cereda Alberto , Toselli Marco , Palmisano Anna , Vignale Davide , Leone Riccardo , Nicoletti Valeria , Gnasso Chiara , Mangieri Antonio , Khokhar Arif , Campo Gianluca , Scoccia Alessandra , Bertini Matteo , Loffi Marco , Sergio Pietro , Andreini Daniele , Pontone Gianluca , Iannopollo Gianmarco , Nannini Tommaso , Ippolito Davide , Bellani Giacomo , Patelli Gianluigi , Besana Francesca , Vignali Luigi , Sverzellati Nicola , Iannaccone Mario , Vaudano Paolo Giacomo , Sangiorgi Giuseppe Massimo , Turchio Piergiorgio , Monello Alberto , Tumminello Gabriele , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Rapezzi Claudio , Colombo Antonio , Giannini Francesco , Esposito Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent clinical and demographical studies on COVID-19 patients have demonstrated that men experience worse outcomes than women. However, in most cases, the data were not stratified according to gender, limiting the understanding of the real impact of gender on outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the disaggregated in-hospital outcomes and explore the possible interactions between gender and cardiovascular calcifications. Data was derived from the sCORE-COVID-19 registry, an Italian multicentre registry that enrolled COVID-19 patients who had undergone a chest computer tomography scan on admission. A total of 1683 hospitalized patients (mean age 67±14 years) were included. Men had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities, a higher pneumonia extension, more coronary calcifications (63% vs.50.9%, p<0.001), and a higher coronary calcium score (391±847 vs. 171±479 mm3, p<0.001). Men experienced a significantly higher mortality rate (24.4% vs. 17%, p=0.001), but the death event tended to occur earlier in women (15±7 vs. 8±7 days, p= 0.07). Non-survivors had a higher coronary, thoracic aorta, and aortic valve calcium score. Female sex, a known independent predictor of a favorable outcome in SARS-CoV2 infection, was not protective in women with a coronary calcification volume greater than 100 mm3. There were significant differences in cardiovascular comorbidities and vascular calcifications between men and women with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. The differences in outcomes can be at least partially explained by the different cardiovascular profiles. However, women with poor outcomes had the same coronary calcific burden as men. The presumed favorable female sex bias in COVID-19 must therefore be reviewed in the context of comorbidities, especially cardiovascular ones.
Do historical maps show the maximal anthropopressure in the Carpathians?
Authors: Sobala Michał 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany landscapes bear the marks of historical land use. These marks can be the basis for a reconstruction of a historical land use structure as some of them are typical of different types of human activity. The aim of this paper is to determine whether Austrian cadastral maps from the 19th century present the image of the most transformed environment in the Western Carpathians as a result of agricultural activity. Land use structure and terrain forms were detected based on Austrian cadastral maps from 1848, airborne laser scanning and field studies. In two of the test areas, the percentage of arable fields was higher among the plots with stone mounds than the percentage among the plots without them. In the third test area, the relationship was reversed. Also, lynchets, terraces and stone walls sometimes occur in plots that were not arable fields in 1848. Thus, the Austrian cadastral maps from 1848 could not reflect the maximal range of arable fields in the Carpathians in the 19th century. However, it is impossible to determine the historical structure of land use precisely. Nevertheless, an inventory of terrain forms can be used to assess land use when historical maps have not preserved or when available maps do not present land use in detail.
The Role of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19
Authors: Stelzer Maximilian , Henes Jörg , Saur Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Elevated levels of anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies are the most important criterion in the diagnosis of anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) and are usually responsible for promoting the risk of thrombotic complications. Now, in the course of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, measurable aPL antibodies have also been detected in a noticeable number of patients showing a variety ranging from studies with only isolated positive tests to cohorts with very high positivity. Thus, the question arises as to whether these two different clinical pictures may be linked.

Recent Findings
The ambivalent results showed a frequent occurrence of the investigated aPL antibodies in COVID-19 patients to an individually varying degree. While some question a substantial correlation according to their results, a number of studies raise questions about the significance of a correlation of aPL antibodies in COVID-19 patients. Within the scope of this review, these have now been described and compared with each other.

Summary
Ultimately, it is necessary to conduct further studies that specifically test aPL antibodies in a larger context in order to make subsequent important statements about the role of APS in COVID-19 and to further strengthen the significance of the described comparisons.
Compression–Expansion Fixed Point Theorems for Decomposable Maps and Applications to Discontinuous $$\phi $$-Laplacian problems
Authors: Rodríguez–López Jorge 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we prove new compression–expansion type fixed point theorems in cones for the so-called decomposable maps, that is, compositions of two upper semicontinuous multivalued maps. As an application, we obtain existence and localization of positive solutions for a differential equation with $$\phi $$
ϕ
-Laplacian and discontinuous nonlinearity subject to multi-point boundary conditions. As far as we are aware, the existence results are new even in the classical case of continuous nonlinearities.
Was pike on the menu? Exploring the role of freshwater fish in medieval England
Authors: Maccarinelli Angela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHistorical sources report that some species of freshwater fish were considered luxury food items in England during the Middle Ages. The high retail price associated with species such as pike, salmon and sturgeon, as well as restrictions of fishing rights on rivers, estuaries and natural and artificial ponds, proves their exclusivity and role as symbols of social privilege. In this work, the zooarchaeological evidence from 11 English sites dated between the 11th and the 15th c. AD is discussed. This paper explores the differences between the ranges of freshwater species recovered from different site types, by looking at specific features that could define these fishes as luxury items: in particular, species selection and fish size are investigated as potentially meaningful variables. The size of fish will be used as an indicator of status and interpreted in view of the increasing phenomenon of fishing from artificial fishponds.
A novel mycothiol-dependent thiol–disulfide reductase in Corynebacterium glutamicum involving oxidative stress resistance
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Xiaona , Luo Jiaxin , Su Tao , Si Meiru , Chen Can 
Published: July 2021

Abstractncgl2478 gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum encodes a thiol–disulfide oxidoreductase enzyme annotated as dithiol–disulfide isomerase DsbA. It preserves a Cys–Pro–Phe–Cys active-site motif, which is presumed to be an exclusive characteristic of the novel DsbA–mycoredoxin 1 (Mrx1) cluster. However, the real mode of action, the nature of the electron donor pathway and biological functions of NCgl2478 in C. glutamicum have remained enigmatic so far. Herein, we report that NCgl2478 plays an important role in stress resistance. Deletion of the ncgl2478 gene increases the size of growth inhibition zones. The ncgl2478 expression is induced in the stress-responsive extra-cytoplasmic function-sigma (ECF-σ) factor SigH-dependent manner by stress. It receives electrons preferentially from the mycothiol (MSH)/mycothione reductase (Mtr)/NADPH pathway. Further, NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol–disulfide and a dithiol–disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity; kinetic properties of its demycothiolation are different from those of Mrx1. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms Cys24 is the resolving Cys residue, while Cys21 is the nucleophilic cysteine that is oxidized to a sulfenic acid and then forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys24 or a mixed disulfide with MSH under oxidative stress. In conclusion, our study presents the first evidence that NCgl2478 protects against various stresses by acting as an MSH-dependent thiol–disulfide reductase, belonging to a novel DsbA–Mrx1 cluster.
Lehrkräfteeinschätzungen zu Unterrichtsqualität mit digitalen Medien: Zusammenhänge zur wahrgenommenen technischen Schulausstattung, Medienunterstützung, digitalen Kompetenzselbsteinschätzungen und Wertüberzeugungen
Authors: Quast Jennifer , Rubach Charlott , Lazarides Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungObwohl der Einsatz digitaler Medien in Lehr-Lern-Prozessen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt, befassen sich Studien nur vereinzelt mit der Frage, inwiefern digitale Medien im Unterricht zur Umsetzung von Unterrichtsqualitätsdimensionen genutzt werden. Gleichzeitig ist wenig über die Bedingungsfaktoren einer solchen qualitätsvollen Umsetzung von Unterricht mit digitalen Medien bekannt. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund, inwiefern Schulmerkmale vermittelt über Lehrkräftemerkmale dazu beitragen, dass Lehrkräfte digitale Medien nutzen, um im Unterricht zu strukturieren, kognitiv zu aktivieren, konstruktiv zu unterstützen sowie zu individualisieren. Ausgewertet wurden Daten von 280 Lehrkräften an Schulen der Sekundarstufe in Deutschland (52,1 % weiblich, Alter:M = 43,88, SD = 10,00). Die Ergebnisse des Strukturgleichungsmodells verweisen darauf, dass die Zufriedenheit mit der schulischen Unterstützung zum Einsatz digitaler Medien vermittelt über die digitalen (berufsunabhängigen) Kompetenzselbsteinschätzungen in positivem Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung digitaler Medien zum Zwecke der Individualisierung, kognitiven Aktivierung und konstruktiven Unterstützung im Unterricht steht. Die von Lehrkräften berichtete vielfältige technische Schulausstattung sowie die berichteten positiven Wertüberzeugungen in Bezug auf den Einsatz digitaler Medien im Unterricht sind direkt positiv mit der Nutzung digitaler Medien zur Umsetzung der Unterrichtsqualitätsdimensionen assoziiert.
A two-stage information retrieval system based on interactive multimodal genetic algorithm for query weight optimization
Authors: Cong Hao , Chen Wei-Neng , Yu Wei-Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuery weight optimization, which aims to find an optimal combination of the weights of query terms for sorting relevant documents, is an important topic in the information retrieval system. Due to the huge search space, the query optimization problem is intractable, and evolutionary algorithms have become one popular approach. But as the size of the database grows, traditional retrieval approaches may return a lot of results, which leads to low efficiency and poor practicality. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a two-stage information retrieval system based on an interactive multimodal genetic algorithm (IMGA) for a query weight optimization system. The proposed IMGA has two stages: quantity control and quality optimization. In the quantity control stage, a multimodal genetic algorithm with the aid of the niching method selects multiple promising combinations of query terms simultaneously by which the numbers of retrieved documents are controlled in an appropriate range. In the quality optimization stage, an interactive genetic algorithm is designed to find the optimal query weights so that the most user-friendly document retrieval sequence can be yielded. Users’ feedback information will accelerate the optimization process, and a genetic algorithm (GA) performs interactively with the action of relevance feedback mechanism. Replacing user evaluation, a mathematical model is built to evaluate the fitness values of individuals. In the proposed two-stage method, not only the number of returned results can be controlled, but also the quality and accuracy of retrieval can be improved. The proposed method is run on the database which with more than 2000 documents. The experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art query weight optimization approaches in terms of the precision rate and the recall rate.
Method for designing the optimal sealing depth in methane drainage boreholes to realize efficient drainage
Authors: Yi Minghao , Wang Liang , Hao Congmeng , Liu Qingquan , Wang Zhenyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of underground methane drainage technology is to prevent methane disasters and enable the efficient use of coal mine methane (CMM), and the sealing depth is a key factor that affects the performance of underground methane drainage. In this work, the layouts of in-seam and crossing boreholes are considered to analyze the stress distribution and failure characteristics of roadway surrounding rock through a numerical simulation and field stress investigation to determine a reasonable sealing depth. The results show that the depths of the plastic and elastic zones in two experimental coal mines are 16 and 20 m respectively. Borehole sealing minimizes the air leakage through the fractures around the roadway when the sealing material covers the failure and plastic zones, and the field test results for CMM drainage at different sealing depths indicate that the CMM drainage efficiency increases with increasing sealing depth but does not change once the sealing depth exceeds the plastic zone. Moreover, sealing in the high-permeability roadway surrounding rock does not have a strong influence on the borehole sealing performance. Considering these findings, a new CMM drainage system for key sealing in the low-permeability zone was developed that is effective for improving the CMM drainage efficiency and prolonging the high-concentration CMM drainage period. The proposed approach offers a valuable quantitative analysis method for selecting the optimum sealing parameters for underground methane drainage, thereby improving considerably the drainage and utilization rates of CMM.
Compound-mode crack propagation law of PMMA semicircular-arch roadway specimens under impact loading
Authors: Li Chengxiao , Guo Dongming , Zhang Yuantong , An Chen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn underground roadway usually contains defects of various types, and when the roadway is subjected to external loading, the locations of those defects influence the roadway by differing degrees. In this study, to study how the locations of defects affect crack propagation in a roadway, specimens with tunnel-type voids were made using polymethyl methacrylate, and the stress wave produced by a bullet impacting an incident rod was used as the impact load. Meanwhile, the variations in crack speed, displacement, and dynamic stress intensity factor during crack propagation were obtained using an experimental system of digital laser dynamic caustics, and the commercial software ABAQUS was used for numerical simulations. From the experiments and numerical simulations, the crack propagation path was verified and the impact fracture behavior of a semicircular-arch roadway with different defect positions was presented. The results show that when the pre-fabricated crack is on the central axis of the sample, the crack propagation is purely mode I; when the pre-fabricated crack is 5 mm from the central axis, the crack propagation alternates between mode I and a mixture of modes I and II; when the pre-fabricated crack is at the edge of the semicircular-arch roadway, the crack propagation follows the I–II mixed mode.
Explicit Deligne pairing
Authors: Dolce Paolo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe give an explicit formula for the Deligne pairing for proper and flat morphisms $$f:X\rightarrow S$$

f
:
X
→
S

of schemes, in terms of the determinant of cohomology. The whole construction is justified by an analogy with the intersection theory on non-singular projective algebraic varieties.
Performance assessment and optimization of a helical Savonius wind turbine by modifying the Bach’s section
Authors: Zadeh M. Niyat , Pourfallah M. , Sabet S. Safari , Gholinia M. , Mouloodi S. , Ahangar A. Taheri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we attempted to measure the effect of Bach’s section, which presents a high-power coefficient in the standard Savonius model, on the performance of the helical Savonius wind turbine, by observing the parameters affecting turbine performance. Assessment methods based on the tip speed ratio, torque variation, flow field characterizations, and the power coefficient are performed. The present issue was stimulated using the turbulence model SST (k- ω) at 6, 8, and 10 m/s wind flow velocities via COMSOL software. Numerical simulation was validated employing previous articles. Outputs demonstrate that Bach-primary and Bach-developed wind turbine models have less flow separation at the spoke-end than the simple helical Savonius model, ultimately improving wind turbines’ total performance and reducing spoke-dynamic loads. Compared with the basic model, the Bach-developed model shows an 18.3% performance improvement in the maximum power coefficient. Bach’s primary model also offers a 12.4% increase in power production than the initial model’s best performance. Furthermore, the results indicate that changing the geometric parameters of the Bach model at high velocities (in turbulent flows) does not significantly affect improving performance.
Frieden für wen? Sicherheitspolitik im Kontext der Gewalt gegen Menschenrechtsaktivist*innen in Kolumbien
Authors: Figari Layús Rosario 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren, insbesondere seit der Unterzeichnung des Friedensabkommens zwischen der kolumbianischen Regierung und der FARC-Guerilla Ende 2016, sind Menschenrechts- und Umweltaktivist*innen in vielen Regionen Kolumbiens mit zunehmenden Angriffen und Einschüchterungen konfrontiert. In diesem Zusammenhang hat die kolumbianische Regierung eine Reihe von Maßnahmen implementiert, um dieser zunehmenden Gewalt zu begegnen. Dieser Beitrag analysiert, wie die dieser staatlichen Initiative zugrunde liegenden Konzepte von „Schutz“ und „Sicherheit“ sowie ihre Umsetzungsdynamiken schwierige Folgen für einen effektiven Schutz von gefährdeten Akteur*innen der Zivilgesellschaft in Kolumbien gebracht haben. Dafür werden die Rolle, die Auswirkungen und die Herausforderungen solcher Programme berücksichtigt, die oft Aktivist*innen nicht langfristig schützen können, sondern sogar viele der gefährdeten Akteur*innen ausschließen und oft sogar in größere Gefahr bringen. Welche staatlichen Initiativen werden in Kolumbien implementiert, um der zunehmenden Gewalt zu begegnen und die Zivilgesellschaft zu schützen? Welche Auswirkungen haben diese staatlichen Maßnahmen in Kolumbien bisher gezeigt und welche Herausforderungen sind immer noch zu identifizieren?
Landing in Ski Jumping: A Review About its Biomechanics and the Connected Injuries
Authors: Bessone Veronica , Schwirtz Ansgar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present review deals with the current scientific knowledge related with ski jump landing. A specific focus is given on the landing biomechanics, the methods utilized for its analysis and the injuries connected to the landing phase. Despite the demonstrated importance for the safety and the performance of ski jumpers, the landing and its preparation are rarely investigated. In this paper, after having firstly described the execution of landing and its preparation and the reason why is important to analyze it, an overview of the current status of the research related to the landing biomechanics is reported (kinetics, kinematics, electromyographic activation, aerodynamics, computer simulation). The third part describes the methods and technologies utilized in literature to analyze the landing and its preparation (video cameras, inertial sensors, force insoles, wind tunnel and computer simulation). After that, an overview of the injuries related to landing is reported. The final section proposes future research in the field of biomechanics of ski jump landing in different fields, such as computer simulations, kinematic analysis, equipment development and biomechanics of female athletes.
Convergence of Public Participation, Participatory Design and NLP to Co-Develop Circular Economy
Authors: Dyer Mark , Wu Shaoqun , Weng Min-Hsien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe concept of a circular economy is at a crossroads. To date, it has been largely driven by top-down national or trans-national legislation such as EU Circular Economy Package or Chinese Circular Economy Promotion. Bottom-up or grassroots engagement has been minimal and innovation has been largely restricted to use of 3R or 4R frameworks to reduce, reuse, recycle materials and products or recover waste as energy. Greater implementation of a circular economy needs a paradigm shift in public attitudes coupled with greater innovation that moves from 3R to 9R framework. Building on the insights gained from the successful transition of two Scandinavian cities of Växjö and Sønderborg to becoming fossil fuel-free economies, the article explores use of natural language processing tools to create shared narratives and stories from large format public engagement that expresses common interests, values and priorities that in turn can contribute to a participatory design of a circular economy. The article uses published data from Christchurch ‘Share an Idea’ as a case study.