bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of dental professionals on the use of silver diamine fluoride with or without light-curing
Authors: Phyo Win Myat , Detsomboonrat Palinee 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
According to anecdotal reports, SDF’s ability to arrest caries can be enhanced by light-curing in a clinical setting. The purpose of the present study was to explore the dental professionals’ perceptions of using SDF and to understand the barriers and enabling factors to using SDF with and without light-curing.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted with dental professionals who had experience with using SDF with and without light-curing. A purposive heterogeneous and convenience sampling approach was applied to ensure the inclusion of participants with different employment and experience levels. Eighteen participants (dental students (undergraduate and postgraduate), dental personnel (practicing dentists and dental hygienists), and academics) with ages ranging from 22 to 53 years old participated in the study. The data were collected through a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. Manual line-by-line coding and content analysis methods were used for data analysis.

Results
Most participants indicated a preference for light-curing, citing perceived benefits, such as quicker treatment, convenience, better visibility, prevention of saliva contamination, and ensuring thorough SDF coverage. However, some participants voiced concerns, based either on existing practice guidelines or due to insufficient evidence regarding the efficacy of light-curing. Additionally, one participant proposed a hybrid approach based on tooth location, suggesting avoiding using light-curing on anterior teeth, while utilizing it on posterior teeth.

Conclusion
The participants’ responses indicated that the use of SDF with and without light-curing each has its merits. Using SDF with light-curing emerged as the preferred method due to perceived benefits. e.g., quicker treatment, better moisture control. However, concerns regarding existing guidelines and the lack of robust evidence for its efficacy were also identified. This study highlights the need for additional research to address the knowledge gaps and provide stronger evidence to support the use of light-curing after SDF application.
Harnessing 3D models to uncover the mechanisms driving infectious and inflammatory disease in the intestine
Authors: Micati Diana , Hlavca Sara , Chan Wing Hei , Abud Helen E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRepresentative models of intestinal diseases are transforming our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of disease, facilitating effective drug screening and avenues for personalised medicine. Despite the emergence of 3D in vitro intestinal organoid culture systems that replicate the genetic and functional characteristics of the epithelial tissue of origin, there are still challenges in reproducing the human physiological tissue environment in a format that enables functional readouts. Here, we describe the latest platforms engineered to investigate environmental tissue impacts, host-microbe interactions and enable drug discovery. This highlights the potential to revolutionise knowledge on the impact of intestinal infection and inflammation and enable personalised disease modelling and clinical translation.
Nutritional quality and climate impact of Norwegian adults’ diet classified according to the NOVA system
Authors: Slaathaug Christine , Paulsen Mari Mohn , Jafarzadeh Sepideh , Carlsen Monica Hauger , Andersen Lene Frost 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInformation about how ultra-processed foods (UPF) contribute to the intake of energy and nutrients and environmental impact is important for future food policies and dietary recommendations. This study assessed the contribution of the four NOVA food groups, including UPF, to energy intake, nutritional quality, and climate impact in Norwegian adults' diet. We used dietary data from 348 participants in the Norkost 4 pilot study, collected through two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Foods, beverages, and dietary supplements were classified using the NOVA system. The NOVA system has four groups; NOVA 1: Unprocessed or minimally processed foods, NOVA 2: Processed culinary ingredients, NOVA 3: Processed foods, and NOVA 4: UPF. UPF contributed to 48% of the total energy intake, NOVA 3 with 19%, and NOVA 1 with 28%. Within UPF, bread contributed the most to energy intake. Foods in NOVA 1 had the highest nutrient density (expressed as amount of nutrients provided per unit of energy) for protein, fiber, and several essential micronutrients. UPF had the highest nutrient density for added sugar, fats, and sodium. UPF contributed to 32% of total GWP from the diet, while NOVA 1 contributed to 38%. In conclusion, UPF contributed to about half of the energy intake of Norwegian adults, and had lower nutritional quality compared to NOVA 1. UPF also accounted for about one-third of the GWP from the total diet. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing the intake of UPF in dietary policies and recommendations to improve nutritional quality and reduce environmental impact.
Oral health risks in adults who use electronic nicotine delivery systems and oral nicotine pouches: a critical review of the literature and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence
Authors: Scherer Gerhard , Pluym Nikola , Scherer Max 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Use of combustible cigarettes (CCs) and smokeless oral tobacco products are well documented risk factors for a variety of oral diseases. However, the potential oral health risks of using recently introduced (since about 2000) non-combustible tobacco/nicotine products (NCPs: electronic cigarettes (ECs), heated tobacco products (HTPs) and oral nicotine pouches (ONPs), remain poorly established.

Methods
This review evaluates published human studies on detrimental oral health effects in people who use NCPs compared to those smoking cigarettes and those not using any tobacco/nicotine product (NU). We identified 52 studies, predominantly focusing on adults who used electronic cigarettes as an NCP. The studies exhibited significant heterogeneity regarding design, populations, endpoints and quality. Reported outcomes, based on both single and grouped endpoints were qualitatively evaluated by comparing people who use NCPs with NU and with people smoking CCs. Significant increases (indicating a worsening in oral health), significant decreases (indicating a lower level of detrimental effects) and no significant difference between groups were assigned scores of + 1, -1 and 0, respectively. Scores from studies belonging to the same single or grouped endpoints were averaged to a summary score ranging from − 1 to + 1.

Results
The qualitative meta-analysis revealed that comparisons of EC versus NU groups yielded mean scores of 0.29 for pre-cancerous lesions (N = 14 observations), 0.27 for inflammatory processes (N = 83), 0.43 for oral clinical parameters (N = 93) and 0.70 for shifts in the oral microbiome (N = 10). The corresponding values for the EC versus CC group comparisons amounted to -0.33 (N = 15), -0.14 (N = 76), -0.27 (N = 78) and 0.57 (N = 7). Most studies had significant limitations regarding group sizes, duration of NCP use (mostly only a few years) and validity of self-reported exclusive NCP use. Notably, the implications of dual use (EC + CC) and prior CC use were often not adequately considered.

Conclusions
The evaluated studies suggest that use of ECs is associated with relatively fewer detrimental oral health effects compared to smoking, yet oral health status remains poorer compared to not using any tobacco/nicotine products. These results have to be interpreted with caution due to a number of limitations and uncertainties in the underlying studies, particularly the potential biases and confounding factors inherent in cross-sectional study designs.
RBM47 promotes cell proliferation and immune evasion by upregulating PDIA6: a novel mechanism of pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: Ma Yihui , Liu Enjie , Fan Huijie , Li Chenfei , Huang Pei , Cui Meiying , Wang Zhengyang , Zhou Jing , Chen Kuisheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality. We found the highly expressed RNA-binding motif protein 47 (RBM47) in PC progression. The RBM47 expression was negatively correlated with natural killer (NK) cell infiltrate in PC. Moreover, RBM47 was predicted to bind to the 3′-UTR region of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family A Member 6 (PDIA6), an oncogene of the development of PC. Therefore, we supposed that RBM47 might affect PC progression by regulating PDIA6.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen the candidate gene affecting PC progression using public databases. Loss- and gain-of-function effects of RBM47 on cell proliferation, tumor growth, and immune evasion were determined by CCK-8, EdU incorporation, colony formation assays, the xenogeneic tumor model, and co-culture system of PC and NK-92 cells. RBM47-RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) followed by PCR and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to detect whether RBM47 could interact with the PDIA6 mRNA and how RBM47 would regulate the transcriptional activity of PDIA6, respectively. Simultaneous overexpression of PDIA6 in RBM47 knockdown PC cells was conducted to clarify whether PDIA6 would mediated effects of RBM47. Given the important role of cellular metabolism in cells proliferation and immune evasion, PC cells with RBM47 knockdown were subjected to metabolomics analysis to further investigate how RBM47 regulate PC progression.

Results
RBM47 overexpression drove PC progression by promoting cell proliferation and xenografted tumor growth. Consistently, our results showed that RBM47 overexpression weakened sensitivity of PC cells to cytotoxic NK cells. However, RBM47 knockdown exhibited the opposite effects on proliferation and immune evasion of PC cells. RBM47 was able to bind to the 3′-UTR region of PDIA6, maintained PDIA6 mRNA stability, and increased the PDIA6 expression in PC cells. Rescue experiments supported that PDIA6 overexpression reversed the suppressing effects of RBM47 knockdown on cell proliferation and immune evasion. RBM47 knockdown significantly changed metabolites of PC cells.

Conclusions
In summary, our findings demonstrate that RBM47 contributes to PC progression, which might be mediated by the upregulated PDIA6 expression and the altered cellular metabolites in PC cells, offering a potential therapeutic target for PC treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Distinct regulation of Tau Monomer and aggregate uptake and intracellular accumulation in human neurons
Authors: Marvian Amir T. , Strauss Tabea , Tang Qilin , Tuck Benjamin J. , Keeling Sophie , Rüdiger Daniel , Mirzazadeh Dizaji Negar , Mohammad-Beigi Hossein , Nuscher Brigitte , Chakraborty Pijush , Sutherland Duncan S. , McEwan William A. , Köglsperger Thomas , Zahler Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Wurst Wolfgang , Schwarz Sigrid , Höglinger Günter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The prion-like spreading of Tau pathology is the leading cause of disease progression in various tauopathies. A critical step in propagating pathologic Tau in the brain is the transport from the extracellular environment and accumulation inside naïve neurons. Current research indicates that human neurons internalize both the physiological extracellular Tau (eTau) monomers and the pathological eTau aggregates. However, similarities or differences in neuronal transport mechanisms between Tau species remain elusive.

Method
Monomers, oligomers, and fibrils of recombinant 2N4R Tau were produced and characterized by biochemical and biophysical methods. A neuronal eTau uptake and accumulation assay was developed for human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (iPSCNs) and Lund human mesencephalic cells (LUHMES)-derived neurons. Mechanisms of uptake and cellular accumulation of eTau species were studied by using small molecule inhibitors of endocytic mechanisms and siRNAs targeting Tau uptake mediators.

Results
Extracellular Tau aggregates accumulated more than monomers in human neurons, mainly due to the higher efficiency of small fibrillar and soluble oligomeric aggregates in intraneuronal accumulation. A competition assay revealed a distinction in the neuronal accumulation between physiological eTau Monomers and pathology-relevant aggregates, suggesting differential transport mechanisms. Blocking heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) with heparin only inhibited the accumulation of eTau aggregates, whereas monomers’ uptake remained unaltered. At the molecular level, the downregulation of genes involved in HSPG synthesis exclusively blocked neuronal accumulation of eTau aggregates but not monomers, suggesting its role in the transport of pathologic Tau. Moreover, the knockdown of LRP1, as a receptor of Tau, mainly reduced the accumulation of monomeric form, confirming its involvement in Tau’s physiological transport.

Conclusion
These data propose that despite the similarity in the cellular mechanism, the uptake and accumulation of eTau Monomers and aggregates in human neurons are regulated by different molecular mediators. Thus, they address the possibility of targeting the pathological spreading of Tau aggregates without disturbing the probable physiological or non-pathogenic transport of Tau Monomers.
Terminated Main Himalayan Thrust, evidence of Pre-Siwalik Tertiary rocks beneath and evolution of NW Himalayan foreland basin
Authors: Biswas Madhab , Sain Kalachand 
Published: December 2024

AbstractActive seismic study in the Himalayan fold-thrust belt is quite rare due to its rugged topography, inhospitability and fragility. This work has brought out subsurface disposition of several geotectonic features from industry-standard seismic data in the NW Himalayan foreland basin and provided their inter-tectonic relations and geodynamic evolution of the study area. The analysis of seismic attributes, computation of interval velocity and digital amplitude tracing have been performed, and all these show that the Surin-Mastgarh Anticline (SMA) and Medlicott–Wadia Thrust (MWT) are not soled at depth with the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). Other important aspects of this study are the delineation of some new subsurface features such as the Duplex-Thrust Complex (DC) of Late Proterozoic formation above the MHT, a Blind Thrust (BT) in between SMA and MWT, and a synform at the east end of the SMA. The study discovered that the MHT is unusually terminated southward below the SMA at a depth of~ 4700 ms two-way time (TWT), and thus not exposed on the surface as the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), and is underlain by Pre-Siwalik Tertiary formation. This may provide far-reaching prospects for hydrocarbon exploration and implications on seismicity. The regional tectonostratigraphic evolutionary model, presented here, shows that the less competent Siwalik rocks folded into the SMA, and the MWT and BT, which overrun the northern limb of SMA, are broken parts of DC. The model also elucidates how the Pre-Siwalik Tertiary formations went down beneath the MHT and Late Proterozoic rock came out of the Indian plate to constitute the DC, BT and MWT.
Implementation of malaria vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring interventions in Nigeria
Authors: Obembe Abiodun , Oduola Adedayo O. , Adeogun Adedapo , Inyang Uwem , Oyeniyi Tolulope , Olakiigbe Abiodun , Babalola Ayodele , Inyama Petrus , Lazarus Samdi , Okeke Ifeanyi , Esema Mary , Okoko Okefu Oyale , Omo-Eboh Mamudu , Uhomoibhi Perpetua , Bala Mohammed , Awolola Samson 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMalaria vector surveillance is required to determine disease transmission dynamics, vector insecticide susceptibility status, suitable control strategies and impact of control interventions. However, capacity and resources for vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring is often inadequate in most countries at risk of vector-borne diseases. Collaborations and linkages between malaria control policy makers and existing research institutions generating vector surveillance research data are often weak, thereby hindering the availability of data for decision-making. A national vector surveillance programme, mobilizing all stakeholders towards quality data generation and policy making, is required for effective data-driven country-wide vector control. This paper provides an analysis and suggested future directions for such synergized national malaria vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring system currently being implemented by all research and policy stakeholders in Nigeria. The harmonized national vector surveillance system described here can be used as a model for the development or improvement of such structures in other countries with high malaria transmission risks.
Development of efficient compositions of hydrophobic materials resistant to chemical and biological environments
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Salman Dawood Salman , Bazhenova S. I. , Stepina I. V. , Erofeeva I. V. , Afonin Victor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn harsh or corrosive environments, waterproofing is essential for ground-contact structures. Protecting underground structures against groundwater contamination and moisture by waterproofing the base material, usually solid concrete, is beneficial. Long-term insulation system performance depends on component integrity and base material interaction. This study uses a hydraulically modified binder and finely ground construction waste fillers. Optimizing sealant and restoration is the goal. Additionally, this study will explore the characteristics and establish a systematic approach for determining the appropriate waterproofing system composition. The study measures the physical force required to remove the insulating layer in order to assess the adhesive strength of the sealant coating. This paper explains the theoretical conditions that improve the adhesion of the base- sealant sealing layer. A conceptual framework explains the relationship between sealant material adhesive strength, modified binder composition, and base surface moisture content. Empirical testing has proven this model works. A comprehensive study examined how base surface roughness and cracks affect sealant coating performance. We know the ideal strength factors. This study uses global optimization to examine optimized parameters' roles. This study analyzed experimental data statistically and analytically. According to computational analysis and experimental validation, the sealant material has an adhesive strength of 3.8 MPa and a sealant layer strength of 36–37 MPa. This product requires 3.9% acrylic resin, 80 kg/m3 finely broken concrete debris, and 0.38–0.39% plasticizer. For these components, a base surface with 9.7% to 9.8% moisture is ideal.
Selective Colocalization of GHSR and GLP-1R in a Subset of Hypothalamic Neurons and Their Functional Interaction
Authors: Aguggia Julieta , Fernandez Gimena , Cassano Daniela , Mustafá Emilio R , Rodríguez Silvia S , Cantel Sonia , Fehrentz Jean-Alain , Raingo Jesica , Schiöth Helgi B , Habib Abdella M , De Francesco Pablo N , Perello Mario 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are G protein-coupled receptors with critical, yet opposite, roles in regulating energy balance. Interestingly, these receptors are expressed in overlapping brain regions. However, the extent to which they target the same neurons and engage in molecular crosstalk remains unclear. To explore the potential colocalization of GHSR and GLP-1R in specific neurons, we performed detailed mapping of cells positive for both receptors using GHSR-eGFP reporter mice or wild-type mice infused with fluorescent ghrelin, alongside an anti-GLP-1R antibody. We found that GHSR+ and GLP-1R+ cells are largely segregated in the mouse brain. The highest overlap was observed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, where 15% to 20% of GHSR+ cells were also GLP-1R+ cells. Additionally, we examined RNA-sequencing datasets from mouse and human brains to assess the fraction and distribution of neurons expressing both receptors, finding that double-positive Ghsr+/Glp1r+ cells are highly segregated, with a small subset of double-positive Ghsr+/Glp1r+ cells representing &lt;10% of all Ghsr+ or Glp1r+ cells, primarily enriched in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, we conducted functional studies using patch-clamp recordings in a heterologous expression system to assess potential crosstalk in regulating presynaptic calcium channels. We provide the first evidence that liraglutide-evoked GLP-1R activity inhibits presynaptic channels, and that the presence of one GPCR attenuates the inhibitory effects of ligand-evoked activity mediated by the other on presynaptic calcium channels. In conclusion, while GHSR and GLP-1R can engage in molecular crosstalk, they are largely segregated across most neuronal types within the brain.
Factors associated with community integration in people with multiple sclerosis with mild and moderate levels of disability: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mostajeran Maryam , Alizadeh Saeed , Rostami Hamid Reza , Havaei Naser , Shaygannejad Vahid 
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims Multiple sclerosis could lead to limitations in daily activities and restrictions in community integration and participation. The aim of this study was to investigate variables associated with community integration and participation in people with multiple sclerosis and mild or moderate levels of disability. Methods A convenience sample of 326 patients with mild and moderate levels of disability as a result of multiple sclerosis participated in this cross-sectional study. An assessor who was blinded to the study's aims measured demographic information and clinical characteristics through a set of assessment tools, including body appreciation scale, modified Barthel Index, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, modified Fatigue Impact Scale, visual analogue scale of pain and a community integration questionnaire. These questionnaires were administered in a random order. Results Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between community integration and participation with instrumental activities of daily living (P<0.001), fatigue (P=0.004), disease duration (P<0.001), body image (P<0.001), basic activities of daily living (P=0.015) and pain (P=0.017) in patients with a mild level of disability caused by multiple sclerosis. In participants with moderate levels of disability, basic activities of daily living (P<0.001), instrumental activities of daily living (P<0.001) and disease duration (P=0.021) were significantly associated with community integration. Conclusions Instrumental activities of daily living are the strongest variable associated with community integration in people with multiple sclerosis with a mild level of disability, and basic activities of daily living are the strongest variable associated with community integration in people with multiple sclerosis and a moderate level of disability. Implications for practice Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of the significant variables associated with community integration and participation for individuals with multiple sclerosis who have mild or moderate levels of disability. They should and consider targeting these areas when designing a valuable and effective rehabilitation programme.