bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Events associated with susceptibility to invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in BALB/c mice previously infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Authors: Moreira Yasmin Cabral , Jordão Maele , da Costa Oscar Tadeu Ferreira , Farias Elizangela , Costa Alysson Guimaraes , de Farias Viviane , Coimbra Dorval Antonio Mafra , Cardoza Tatiana Bacry , Chaves Yury Oliveira , Orlandi Patricia Puccinelli , Costa Fabio Trindade Maranhão , Nogueira Paulo Afonso 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain why patients with malaria are more susceptible to bloodstream invasions by Salmonella spp., however there are still several unknown critical factors regarding the pathogenesis of coinfection. From a coinfection model, in which an S. enterica serovar Typhi (S_Typhi) was chosen to challenge mice that had been infected 24 h earlier with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (P.b_ANKA), we evaluated the influence of malaria on cytokine levels, the functional activity of femoral bone marrow-derived macrophages and neutrophils, and intestinal permeability. The cytokine profile over eight days of coinfection showed exacerbation in the cytokines MCP-1, IFNγ and TNFα in relation to the increase seen in animals with malaria. The cytokine profile was associated with a considerably reduced neutrophil and macrophage count and a prominent dysfunction, especially in ex vivo neutrophils in coinfected mice, though without bacterial modulation that could influence the invasion capacity of ex vivo S_Typhi obtained from liver macerate in non-phagocyte cells. Finally, irregularities in the integrity of intestinal tissue evidenced ruptures in the enterocyte layer, a presence of mononuclear leukocytes in the enterocyte layer, an increase of goblet cells in the enterocyte layer and a high volume of leukocyte infiltrate in the sub-mucosa were greatly increased in coinfected animals. Increases of mononuclear leukocytes in the enterocyte layer and volume of leukocyte infiltrate in the sub-mucosa were also seen in monoinfected animals with P. berghei ANKA. Our findings suggest malaria causes a disarrangement of intestinal homeostasis, exacerbation of proinflammatory cytokines and dysfunction in neutrophils that render the host susceptible to bacteremia by Salmonella spp.
The Effect of Cognition on the Aided Benefit in Terms of Speech Understanding and Listening Effort Obtained With Digital Hearing Aids: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kestens Katrien , Degeest Sofie , Keppler Hannah 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Hearing aids are the primary rehabilitation devices used to compensate for presbycusis, though large intersubject variability in hearing aid benefit has been reported. This systematic review aimed to investigate how intersubject differences in cognition could influence the aided benefit for speech understanding and listening effort with bilateral digital hearing aids.

Method
Articles were selected through systematic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Central, and reference lists. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.

Results
The initial search resulted in 1,092 unique hits, of which 16 were included. The effect of cognition on the aided benefit in terms of speech understanding and listening effort was examined in 12 and four studies, respectively. The aided speech and listening effort benefit obtained from hearing aid use in general or from a specific digital feature (i.e., microphone directionality, noise reduction, amplitude compression, and frequency compression) was associated with four cognitive functions (i.e., working memory, processing speed, selective attention, and executive functions).

Conclusions
Hearing aid users with poorer cognitive functioning derived more aided benefit in terms of speech understanding from hearing aid settings facilitating the matching process between the incoming auditory signal and representations stored in long-term memory. However, since the number of included studies was limited, this trend should be interpreted with caution.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13626509
Medialization Laryngoplasty: A Review for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Wilson Azure , Kimball Emily E. , Sayce Lea , Luo Haoxiang , Khosla Sid M. , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to familiarize speech-language-pathologists with the current state of the science regarding medialization laryngoplasty in the treatment of voice disorders, with emphasis on current evidence-based practice, voice outcomes, and future directions for research.

Method

A literature review was performed in PubMed and Embase using the keywords
vocal fold/cord
and
laryngoplasty, thyroplasty, augmentation,
or
laryngeal framework
. Articles published between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed for data about clinical applications, technical approach, voice-related outcomes, and basic science or clinical innovations with the potential to improve patient care. A synthesis of data was performed from articles meeting the outlined search criteria.

Conclusions
As key members in the multidisciplinary care of voice disorders, speech-language pathologists need to be informed of current research in medialization laryngoplasty, a procedure commonly used for patients with glottic insufficiency. Advances in anesthetic technique, office-based procedures, and the development of materials with increased bio-tolerability over the past decade have led to innovations in treatment and improved patient outcomes. Recent applications of computational and bioengineering approaches have the potential to provide new directions in the refinement of currently available techniques and the improvement of patient-based treatment outcomes.
Revisiting the mass- and radius–luminosity relations for FGK main-sequence stars
Authors: Fernandes João , Gafeira Ricardo , Andersen Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Context. Scaling relations are very useful tools for estimating unknown stellar quantities. Within this framework, eclipsing binaries are ideal for this goal because their mass and radius are known with a very good level of accuracy, leading to improved constraints on the models.
Aims. We aim to provide empirical relations for the mass and radius as function of luminosity, metallicity, and age. We investigate, in particular, the impact of metallicity and age on those relations.
Methods. We used a multi-dimensional fit approach based on the data from DEBCat, an updated catalogue of eclipsing binary observations such as mass, radius, luminosity, effective temperature, gravity, and metallicity. We used the PARAM web interface for the Bayesian estimation of stellar parameters, along with the stellar evolutionary code MESA to estimate the binary age, assuming a coeval hypothesis for both members.
Results. We derived the mass and radius–luminosity–metallicity–age relations using 56 stars, with metallicity and mass in the range −0.34 < [Fe/H] < 0.27 and 0.66 < M/M⊙ < 1.8. With that, the observed mass and radius are reproduced with an accuracy of 3.5% and 5.9%, respectively, which is consistent with the other results in literature.
Conclusions. We conclude that including the age in such relations increases the quality of the fit, particularly in terms of the mass, as compared to the radius. On the other hand, as otherss authors have noted, we observed an higher dispersion on the mass relation than in that of the radius. We propose that this is due to a stellar age effect.
In der Praxis Praxisanleitung ermöglichen
Authors: Brand-Hörsting Birgit 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungAm 1. Januar 2020 ist das neue Pflegeberufegesetz in Kraft getreten. Auf dieser Grundlage wird die generalistische Ausbildung in den Pflegeschulen umgesetzt. Die Folgen für die Praxisanleitung sind weitreichend und fordern ein radikales Umdenken – auch im Pflegemanagement.
Sag uns wann, wir sagen wo!
Authors: Erle Lynn 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungUm auf der einen Seite einen verlässlichen Dienstplan zu gewährleisten und auf der anderen den Mitarbeitern – etwa Müttern – geregelte Arbeitszeiten anbieten zu können, hat das Klinikum Wolfsburg einen FlexiPool ins Leben gerufen.
ABO Blood Group and Inhibitor Risk in Severe Hemophilia A Patients: A Study from the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Coppola Antonio , Santoro Cristina , De Cristofaro Raimondo , Barillari Giovanni , Giordano Paola , Gresele Paolo , Lassandro Giuseppe , Napolitano Mariasanta , Lucchini Giuseppe , Luciani Matteo , Ferretti Antonietta , Baldacci Erminia , Riccardi Federica , Santoro Rita Carlotta , Pasca Samantha , Zanon Ezio , Tagliaferri Annarita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsidering the profound influence exerted by the ABO blood group system on hemostasis, mainly through the von Willebrand factor and factor VIII (FVIII) complex, we have conducted a study evaluating the possible role of blood type on the risk of inhibitor development in hemophilia A. A total of 287 consecutive Caucasian patients with severe hemophilia A (202 without FVIII inhibitors and 85 with FVIII inhibitors) followed at seven Italian Hemophilia Treatment Centers belonging to the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers (AICE) were included in the study. A higher prevalence of O blood group was detected in patients without inhibitors as compared in inhibitor patients (55 vs. 30.6%; p < 0.001). Among the other variables analyzed (age, F8 mutation, type and intensity of treatment and treatment regimen), F8 mutation class (high-risk vs. low-risk), and treatment regimen (on-demand vs. prophylaxis) were significantly correlated with inhibitor development. However, on a multivariate analysis, only the effects of F8 mutation and ABO blood type were independent of other covariates, being that non-O blood type is associated with a 2.89-fold increased risk of inhibitor development. In conclusion, our study supports the protective effect of O blood type on inhibitor risk in severely affected hemophilia A patients.
Network motifs involving both competition and facilitation predict biodiversity in alpine plant communities
Authors: Losapio Gianalberto , Schöb Christian , Staniczenko Phillip P. A. , Carrara Francesco , Palamara Gian Marco , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Mescher Mark C. , Brooker Rob W. , Butterfield Bradley J. , Callaway Ragan M. , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Kikvidze Zaal , Lortie Christopher J. , Michalet Richard , Pugnaire Francisco I. , Bascompte Jordi 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Biodiversity is driven by complex associations among species, but ecologists often look only at competitive or facilitative interactions either independently or only for few species at a time. Using a large dataset of mountain ecosystems encompassing more than 2,000 species across the globe, we analyze the prevalence and importance of both positive and negative associations among plants. Our findings indicate that facilitation and competition between plant species must be studied together in order to explain biodiversity change.
Mechanism and ultrasensitivity in Hedgehog signaling revealed by Patched1 disease mutations
Authors: Petrov Kostadin , de Almeida Magalhaes Taciani , Salic Adrian 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is fundamental in animal development, controlling the size, morphology, and differentiation of tissues and organs. How Hedgehog signaling is evolutionarily tuned to produce different outputs is poorly understood. We use cell biology, mathematical modeling, and analysis of mutations causing birth defects to demonstrate that ultrasensitivity is a key signal-processing feature of the Hedgehog pathway, which can lead to different outputs. We explain ultrasensitivity by a mathematical model of Hedgehog signaling whereby the tumor-suppressor membrane protein Patched catalyzes the deactivation of the GPCR-like transducer Smoothened in primary cilia. The Sonic Hedgehog ligand binds and inhibits Patched, causing switch-like Smoothened activation. Our results clarify the regulation of the Patched–Smoothened module in normal signaling and in disease.
A machine learning-based framework for modeling transcription elongation
Authors: Feng Peiyuan , Xiao An , Fang Meng , Wan Fangping , Li Shuya , Lang Peng , Zhao Dan , Zeng Jianyang 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Although plenty of studies have identified the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pausing events in eukaryotes and demonstrated the regulatory roles of such events in gene expression and RNA processing, there was no study that systematically modeled the global landscape of Pol II pausing in the whole genome. Here, we have developed a deep learning framework that can accurately predict the Pol II pausing events from the contextual DNA sequences. Through applying our powerful computational approach to predict the pausing tendencies on interested regions in the human genome, we provided useful insights into understanding the relations between Pol II pausing events and alternative splicing, transcription factors, histone modifications, and DNA methylation.
A high-resolution record of early Paleozoic climate
Authors: Goldberg Samuel L. , Present Theodore M. , Finnegan Seth , Bergmann Kristin D. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The Cambrian–Ordovician (541 million to 443 million y ago) climate record is poorly constrained due to the sparsity of carbonate fossils typically used for temperature reconstructions. We demonstrate that the abundant carbonate sediments from this time can preserve isotopic compositions and trends similar to those of fossil material and combine sediment records into a high-resolution proxy record of Late Cambrian and Ordovician climate. Examination of this record in the context of evolutionary and tectonic changes demonstrates that Earth’s climate was tightly coupled to tectonic and volcanic activity and played a strong role in biodiversity trends during the time of early animal evolution.
Expression attenuation as a mechanism of robustness against gene duplication
Authors: Ascencio Diana , Diss Guillaume , Gagnon-Arsenault Isabelle , Dubé Alexandre K. , DeLuna Alexander , Landry Christian R. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Many studies have focused on the mechanisms of long-term retention of gene duplicates, such as the gain of functions or reciprocal losses. However, such changes are more likely to occur if the duplicates are maintained for a long period. This time span will be short if duplication is immediately deleterious. We measured the distribution of fitness effects of gene duplication for 899 genes in budding yeast. We find that gene duplication is more likely to be deleterious than beneficial. However, contrary to previous models, in general, gene duplication does not affect fitness by altering the organization of protein complexes. We show that expression attenuation may protect complexes from the effects of gene duplication.
Determinism and contingencies shaped the evolution of mitochondrial protein import
Authors: Rout Samuel , Oeljeklaus Silke , Makki Abhijith , Tachezy Jan , Warscheid Bettina , Schneider André 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceAll mitochondria import most of their proteins from the cytosol. Even though the targeting signals of imported proteins are well conserved within eukaryotes, this is not the case for the mitochondrial outer membrane receptors that recognize these signals. Here we compare the substrate preferences of protein import receptors from the parasitic protozoansTrypanosoma bruceiandTrichomonas vaginalis, as well as from yeast. Using biochemical and proteomic analysis, combined with complementation experiments, we show that evolutionarily unrelated receptors can share the same substrate preferences. Moreover, we provide evidence that receptors sharing the same domain structure and topology can have different substrate specificity. In summary, our study illustrates how determinism and contingencies have shaped the evolution of mitochondrial import receptors.
In situ magnetic identification of giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils in Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum sediments
Authors: Wagner Courtney L. , Egli Ramon , Lascu Ioan , Lippert Peter C. , Livi Kenneth J. T. , Sears Helen B. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Giant magnetofossils are the preserved remains of iron-biomineralizing organisms that have so far been identified only in sediments deposited during ancient greenhouse climates. Giant magnetofossils have no modern analog, but their association with abrupt global warming events links them to environmental disturbances. Thus, giant magnetofossils may encode information about nutrient availability and water stratification in ancient aquatic environments. Identification of giant magnetofossils has previously required destructive extraction techniques. We show that giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils have distinct magnetic signatures. Our results provide a nondestructive method for identifying giant magnetofossil assemblages in bulk sediments, which will help test their significance with respect to environmental change.
Social penumbras predict political attitudes
Authors: Gelman Andrew , Margalit Yotam 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceThe political influence of a group is typically explained in terms of its size, geographic concentration, or the wealth and power of the group’s members. This article introduces another dimension, the penumbra, defined as the set of individuals in the population who are personally familiar with someone in that group. Distinct from the concept of an individual’s social network, penumbra refers to the circle of close contacts and acquaintances of a given social group. Using original panel data, the article provides a systematic study of various groups’ penumbras, focusing on politically relevant characteristics of the penumbras (e.g., size, geographic concentration, sociodemographics). Furthermore, we show the connection between changes in penumbra membership and public attitudes on policies related to the group.
Amygdala-hippocampal innervation modulates stress-induced depressive-like behaviors through AMPA receptors
Authors: Ma Hui , Li Chenyang , Wang Jinpeng , Zhang Xiaochen , Li Mingyue , Zhang Rong , Huang Zhuo , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Basal lateral amygdala and ventral CA1 are critical sites during chronic stress-induced depression. Here we demonstrated that AMPARs mediated weakening of pBLA-vCA1 innervation in mice subjected to CUMS. Stimulation of pBLA-vCA1 innervation via chemogenetics or administration of cannabidiol (CBD) could reverse synaptosomal AMPAR decrease and alleviate CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors. These findings highlighted the importance of AMPARs and the pBLA-vCA1 innervation in an animal model of depression and revealed the potential for CBD in major depression treatment.
IL17A critically shapes the transcriptional program of fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer and switches on their protumorigenic functions
Authors: Mucciolo Gianluca , Curcio Claudia , Roux Cecilia , Li Wanda Y. , Capello Michela , Curto Roberta , Chiarle Roberto , Giordano Daniele , Satolli Maria Antonietta , Lawlor Rita , Scarpa Aldo , Lukac Pavol , Stakheev Dmitry , Provero Paolo , Vannucci Luca , Mak Tak W. , Novelli Francesco , Cappello Paola 
Published: February 2021

Significance
There are controversial data about the protumoral role of pancreatic cancer stroma, and dissecting multiple aspects will help to develop effective tailored therapies. Interleukin-17A (IL17A) has been reported to accelerate pancreatic acinar–ductal metaplasia, be important for maintaining stem-like cancer cells, and recruit immunosuppressive granulocytes into the tumor. Here we unveil a relationship between IL17A and pancreatic stromal cells, which strongly modifies their gene and protein expression profiles. Ablation of IL17A, in fact, modifies the cytokines/factors released by tumor fibroblasts by limiting T cell immunosuppression. IL17A inhibition may represent an important tool for designing novel combined therapeutic approaches.
Plant virus evolution under strong drought conditions results in a transition from parasitism to mutualism
Authors: González Rubén , Butković Anamarija , Escaray Francisco J. , Martínez-Latorre Javier , Melero Ízan , Pérez-Parets Enric , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio , Carrasco Pedro , Elena Santiago F. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Viruses are seen as selfish pathogens that harm their hosts to ensure their own survival. However, metagenomic studies are drawing a new picture in which viruses are present everywhere and not always associated to diseases. A classic observation in plant pathology is that the outcome of infection depends on environmental conditions. Here, using experimental evolution, we show that the relationship between a plant virus and its natural host can evolve from pathogenic to mutualistic under severe drought conditions. While viral strains evolved in normal watering conditions increased their virulence, drought-evolved viral strains confer plants with greater resistance to drought. We show that this transition to mutualism depends on a complex reorganization of hormone-induced signaling pathways and changes in gene expression.
Supporting students’ content learning in Biology through teachers’ use of classroom talk drawing on concept
sketches
Authors: Ho Caroline , Kwai Yeok Wong June , Rappa Natasha Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines teachers’ attempts to enhance students’ content learning in Biology through the use of talk
centred on concept sketches. Of specific interest is how teachers provide scaffolding through purposeful classroom discourse
(Lemke, 1990) with the use of talk moves (Chapin, O’Connor, & Anderson, 2013), drawing on concept sketches (Johnson
& Reynolds, 2005) annotated by students. Informed by socioconstructivist (Vygotsky, 1978/86) perspectives and grounded in multimodal literacy (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2001) underpinnings, the study acknowledges the teacher’s role
in productive classroom discussions to guide students’ thinking and facilitate meaning-making. Qualitative analysis of classroom
discourse illustrates how teachers’ classroom talk can scaffold and address the gaps in students’ learning. Pedagogical
implications are discussed.
Co-developing science literacy and foreign language literacy through “Concept + Language Mapping”
Authors: He Peichang , Lin Angel M.Y. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drawing on Lemke’s (1990) “thematic patterns” theory, this research
proposes a “Concept + Language Mapping” (CLM) approach and tried it out in an English Medium Instruction (EMI) biology classroom
in Hong Kong. Lessons were observed and samples of student work were collected during the intervention with student/teacher
interviews conducted afterwards. A quasi-experimental design was also adopted to estimate the impact of the CLM approach. The
analysis indicated that CLM facilitated the development of both content and language knowledge.
Scaffolding for cognitive and linguistic challenges in CLIL science assessments
Authors: Lo Yuen Yi , Lui Wai-mei , Wong Mona 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programmes, students learn some non-language content subjects
through a second/foreign language (L2), and their content knowledge is often assessed in their L2. It follows that students are
likely to face challenges in both cognitive and linguistic aspects in assessments. Yet, there has been limited research exploring
whether and how CLIL teachers help their students cope with those challenges. This multi-case study seeks to address this issue by
investigating the instructional and assessment practices of two science teachers in Hong Kong secondary schools. The two teachers
presented an interesting contrast – one teacher incorporated both implicit and explicit language instruction in her lessons, so
her students were well prepared for the assessment tasks; the other teacher’s instructional and assessment practices were heavily
content-oriented, and it is not sure whether students mastered both content and L2. These findings illuminate CLIL pedagogy and
teacher education.