bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Opportunity During Antenatal Services to Strengthen Nurturing Care: Global and National Recommendations for Routine Ultrasound Before 24 Weeks Gestation
Authors: Slemming Wiedaad , Drysdale Roisin , Richter Linda M. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby study (HPHB) augments a routine service (pregnancy ultrasound) with information about fetal and infant development and the importance of parent wellbeing and infant care, to assess whether it will improve child development and growth, parent-infant attachment, parental wellbeing and routine clinic attendance. This paper outlines the process of intervention development and implementation in a complex environment with multiple stakeholders.Methods: Study participants were recruited from pregnant women attending fetal ultrasound (US) at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (CHBH), Soweto, South Africa. Partners were invited to attend all sessions. The HPHB intervention, a novel combination of a health and a parenting intervention that augments a routine service (US), is being tested through a randomized controlled trial with outcome assessments at 6 weeks and 6 months follow-up. The current study outlines the process of moving from intervention design to full implementation in a high-risk clinical setting.Results: Formative research informed the design and content of the intervention materials. Implementation is monitored through weekly reports and team meetings as well as formal and informal feedback received from staff and participants. Close collaborations with clinicians enhanced recruitment practices and provided clinical oversight of the trial procedures. Ongoing stakeholder engagement informed intervention procedures and strategies to address challenges that arise during implementation.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of dynamic, inclusive and interactive approaches to intervention development and implementation, as well as the purposeful use of varied information from diverse sources in decision-making for effective implementation.
Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among University Students in Pakistan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naeem , Akhtar Parveen , Ijaz Saira , Waqas Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Background: In Pakistan, almost 30% population is between 15 to 29 years of age, with university enrollment rates of 10–15%. Although there is a growing concern on mental health of university students across the globe, studies from low and middle income countries such as Pakistan are scarce. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of depressive symptoms among Pakistani university students.Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo and Google Scholar were searched between 15 to 30th January 2020. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, published till 31st December 2019 were included. Data on study characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. To estimate subgroup difference based on study characteristics, meta-regression and sub-group analyses were conducted.Results: In total, 26 studies involving 7,652 participants were included in review. Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 42.66% (95% CI: 34.82% to 50.89%), with significant heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant difference in prevalence estimates based on depression screening instrument and study major. Statistically significant differences were observed among studies employing different psychometric scales (test for subgroup differences, Q = 21.92, p &lt; 0.05) and between students from different study majors (test for subgroup differences, Q = 3.76, p = 0.05).Conclusion: Our study found that overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in Pakistan was 42.66%, however, findings should be interpreted with caution. Large scale epidemiological surveys using valid and reliable tools are needed to better estimate prevalence of depression among Pakistani university students.
Device-Based Measures of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Are Associated With Physical Fitness and Body Fat Content
Authors: Vaara Jani P. , Vasankari Tommi , Wyss Thomas , Pihlainen Kai , Ojanen Tommi , Raitanen Jani , Vähä-Ypyä Henri , Kyröläinen Heikki 
Published: January 2021

Introduction/Purpose: Physical activity and sedentary time may associate with physical fitness and body composition. Yet, there exists some observational studies that have investigated the associations of device-based measures of sedentary time and physical activity (PA) with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition but associations with muscular fitness (MF) are less studied.Methods: Objective sedentary time and physical activity was measured by a hip worn accelerometer from 415 young adult men (age: mean 26, standard deviation 7 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) (CRF) was determined using a graded cycle ergometer test until exhaustion. Maximal force of lower extremities was measured isometrically and lower body power was assessed using standing long jump (MF). Body composition was determined with bioimpedance method. Single and compositional approach was used in regression analysis.Results: Mean sedentary time was 707 (standard deviation 133) minutes per day (77 ± 8% of the wear time). Volumes of all PA intensities were positively associated with CRF and associations showed linearly increasing magnitudes with higher intensities in single regression models adjusted for age and smoking (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, PA intensities were positively associated with lower body MF, however, with weaker associations (p &lt; 0.005). After further adjustment for resistance training, the associations remained significant. The associations of the relative distribution of time within sedentary behavior (SB), light intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) behaviors as a whole with using compositional analysis further revealed that within the composition MVPA and SB were positively associated with CRF and MF (p &lt; 0.001), while LPA was not. In addition, within the composition, accumulated PA bouts lasting more than 3 min were consistently associated with CRF and MF, and with all body composition variables (p &lt; 0.001), while sedentary time was associated with body fat percentage (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary time may have positive influence on physical fitness and body fat content, and thereby may offer positive health effects. Physical activity of higher intensities may offer greater benefits.
Linguagem e imagem
Authors: Costa Luiz Cláudio da 
Published: January 2021

O foco deste artigo recai sobre dois trabalhos de campos díspares: o livro LTI: a linguagem do Terceiro Reich, de Victor Klemperer, e o filme Arquitetura da destruição, de Peter Cohen. Ambos lidam com o testemunho e os documentos da Shoah, articulando lugares de memória distintos para elaborar o passado nazista. O cineasta e o filólogo se propõem exercer a tarefa de historiadores da cultura. Para o primeiro, a estética clássica fundamenta a cultura nazista, enquanto para o segundo, o Romantismo o faz. Embora contraditórios, os argumentos se complementam, pois essa dialética está presente na cultura artística moderna que opôs e integrou o clássico e o romântico.
Configurações do espaço, corpo e paisagem em Guimarães Rosa
Authors: Cruz Edinilia Nascimento 
Published: January 2021

O núcleo desta reflexão é a análise da relação entre corpo e paisagem, tema ainda insuficientemente explorado na obra de Guimarães Rosa, e as formas como a paisagem se transforma em componentes literários em Corpo de baile (1956), com base na noção de paisagem literária de Michel Collot e na fenomenologia da percepção de Merleau-Ponty. O artigo problematiza o espaço e os corpos nas narrativas rosianas tomando como base as construções paisagísticas, que atuam como forças criadoras da perspectiva experiencial das personagens. Com efeito, o espaço e a paisagem no contexto dessa leitura são percebidos pelas personagens através dos órgãos sensoriais, que têm como mediador o corpo.
PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY, PRICE EARNING RATIO, TOTAL ASSETS TURN OVER TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM LQ45
Authors: Susilowati Eko Meiningsih , Nawangsasi Endah 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan bukti empiris bahwa variabel Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Price Earning Ratio dan Total Assets Turn Over berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham pada perusahaan yang tergabung dalam LQ45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan yang tergabung dalam LQ45 pada periode tahun 2014-2016. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa variabel Current Ratio dan variabel Total Assets Turn Over tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham. Sedangkan untuk variabel Debt To Equity Ratio dan variabel Price Earning Ratio berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham. Hasil uji determinasi diketahui bahwa variabel Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Price Earning Ratio dan variabel Total Assets Turn Over mampu menjelaskan variabel return saham sebesar 47,9% saja. Dengan kata lain 47,9 % return saham mampu dijelaskan oleh variabel Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Price Earning Ratio dan Total Assets Turn Over, sedangkan 52,1% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diikutkan dalam penelitian.Kata kunci: Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Price Earning Ratio, Total Assets Turn Over, return saham
Who is crying wolf? Seasonal effect on antipredator response to age-specific alarm calls in common ravens, Corvus corax
Authors: Gallego-Abenza Mario , Blum Christian R. , Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCommunication about threats including those posed by the presence of predators occurs mainly through acoustic signals called alarm calls. The comprehension of these calls by receivers and their rapid antipredator response are crucial in terms of survival. However, to avoid overreaction, individuals should evaluate whether or not an antipredator response is needed by paying attention to who is calling. For instance, we could expect adults to be more experienced with predator encounters than juveniles and thus elicit stronger antipredator responses in others when alarming. Similarly, we could expect a stronger response to alarm calls when more than one individual is calling. To test these assumptions, we applied a playback experiment to wild ravens, in which we manipulated the age class (adult or juvenile) and the number (one or two) of the callers. Our results revealed a seasonal effect of age class but no effect of number of callers. Specifically, the ravens responded with stronger antipredator behaviour (vigilance posture) towards alarm calls from adults as compared to juveniles in summer and autumn, but not in spring. We discuss alternative interpretations for this unexpected seasonal pattern and argue for more studies on call-based communication in birds to understand what type of information is relevant under which conditions.
Supernova 2018cuf: A Type IIP Supernova with a Slow Fall from Plateau
Authors: Dong 董一 Yize 泽 , Valenti S. , Bostroem K. A. , Sand D. J. , Andrews Jennifer E. , Galbany L. , Jha Saurabh W. , Eweis Youssef , Kwok Lindsey , Hsiao E. Y. , Davis Scott , Brown Peter J. , Kuncarayakti H. , Maeda Keiichi , Rho Jeonghee , Amaro R. C. , Anderson J. P. , Arcavi Iair , Burke Jamison , Dastidar Raya , Folatelli Gastón , Haislip Joshua , Hiramatsu Daichi , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Howell D. Andrew , Jencson J. , Kouprianov Vladimir , Lundquist M. , Lyman J. D. , McCully Curtis , Misra Kuntal , Reichart Daniel E. , Sánchez S. F. , Smith Nathan , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Lingzhi , Wyatt S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present multiband photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2018cuf, a Type IIP (“P” for plateau) supernova (SN) discovered by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc Survey within 24 hr of explosion. SN 2018cuf appears to be a typical SN IIP, with an absolute V-band magnitude of −16.73 ± 0.32 at maximum and a decline rate of 0.21 ± 0.05 mag/50 days during the plateau phase. The distance of the object was constrained to be 41.8 ± 5.7 Mpc by using the expanding photosphere method. We used spectroscopic and photometric observations from the first year after the explosion to constrain the progenitor of SN 2018cuf using both hydrodynamic light-curve modeling and late-time spectroscopic modeling. The progenitor of SN 2018cuf was most likely a red supergiant of about 14.5 M
⊙ that produced 0.04 ± 0.01 M
⊙
56Ni during the explosion. We also found ∼0.07 M
⊙ of circumstellar material (CSM) around the progenitor is needed to fit the early light curves, where the CSM may originate from presupernova outbursts. During the plateau phase, high-velocity features at ∼11,000 km s−1 were detected in both the optical and near-infrared spectra, supporting the possibility that the ejecta were interacting with some CSM. A very shallow slope during the postplateau phase was also observed, and it is likely due to a low degree of nickel mixing or the relatively high nickel mass in the SN.
Detection of PO in Orion-KL: Phosphorus Chemistry in the Plateau Outflow
Authors: Bernal J. J. , Koelemay L. A. , Ziurys L. M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The PO molecule (X
2Πr) has been detected toward Orion-KL via its J = 2.5 → 1.5 transition near 109 GHz using the 12 m telescope of the Arizona Radio Observatory. This transition consists of a quartet of lines, generated by lambda-doubling and phosphorus hyperfine interactions, creating a distinct pattern of doublets of doublets. All four features (F = 3 → 2, e, f and 2 → 1, e, f ) were detected. The line profiles measured were relatively broad, with ΔV
1/2 ∼ 21–25 km s−1, and V
LSR ∼ 10 km s−1, clearly identifying the molecule as arising from the Orion “plateau” region. The J = 2 → 1 transition of PN (X
1Σ) at 94 GHz was also measured, and its line profile indicates a plateau origin in Orion, as found previously by Ziurys. Therefore, PO and PN arise from the same gas. There was no evidence of a “hot core” or “ridge” component in either molecule. The column densities determined for PO and PN in the Orion plateau are N
tot ≈ 5.4(0.2) × 1013 and 2.0(0.4) × 1013 cm−2, respectively, with corresponding abundances, relative to H2, of f ∼ 1.6(0.1) × 10−10 and 6.1(0.6) × 10−11, resulting in PO/PN ∼ 3. The PO and PN line profiles also resemble those of SiO and SiS, suggesting that the phosphorus molecules are produced by shocks in the plateau outflow. The observed PO/PN ratio in Orion-KL is very close in value to that measured in other warm molecular clouds, indicating a common synthesis pathway for these two molecules in outflows caused by star formation.
TESS Observations of the Luhman 16 AB Brown Dwarf System: Rotational Periods, Lightcurve Evolution, and Zonal Circulation*
Authors: Apai Dániel , Nardiello Domenico , Bedin Luigi R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Brown dwarfs were recently found to display rotational modulations, commonly attributed to cloud cover of varying thickness, possibly modulated by planetary-scale waves. However, the long-term, continuous, high-precision monitoring data to test this hypothesis for more objects is lacking. By applying our novel photometric approach to Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data, we extract a high-precision lightcurve of the closest brown dwarfs, which form the binary system Luhman 16 AB. Our observations, which cover about 100 rotations of Luhman 16 B, display continuous lightcurve evolution. The periodogram analysis shows that the rotational period of the component that dominates the lightcurve is 5.28 hr. We also find evidence for periods of 2.5, 6.94, and 90.8 hr. We show that the 2.5 and 5.28 hr periods emerge from Luhman 16 B and that they consist of multiple, slightly shifted peaks, revealing the presence of high-speed jets and zonal circulation in this object. We find that the lightcurve evolution is well fit by the planetary-scale waves model, further supporting this interpretation. We argue that the 6.94 hr peak is likely the rotation period of Luhman 16 A. By comparing the rotational periods to observed v sin(i) measurements, we show that the two brown dwarfs are viewed at angles close to their equatorial planes. We also describe a long-period (P ∼ 91 hr) evolution in the lightcurve, which we propose emerges from the vortex-dominated polar regions. Our study paves the way toward direct comparisons of the predictions of global circulation models to observations via periodogram analysis.
Annual reproductive phenology of the coprophagous beetleDichotomius satanas(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) of the cloud forest in eastern Mexico
Authors: Barretto Julliana , Cruz Magdalena , Escobar Federico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReproductive phenology of organisms is modulated by biotic and abiotic factors, with direct effects on the demography. This study describes the annual reproductive phenology ofDichotomius satanas(Harold, 1867) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) of the cloud forest in eastern Mexico, through the morphological changes in the reproductive systems of individuals and their relationship with climatic conditions. Three stages of sexual maturity were recognised as occurring throughout the year: immature, maturing, and mature – with a higher occurrence of immature individuals. Abundance of immature and maturing females was explained by minimum temperature, but none of the environmental variables considered was related to mature females. Abundance of immature and maturing males was related to precipitation, while abundance of mature males was related to minimum temperature and precipitation. The phenology ofD. satanaswas markedly seasonal with a single peak of abundance corresponding to the reproductive period during the warm and rainy season, thus indicating a univoltine pattern of reproduction. Immature females were recorded before immature males, and no synchrony was observed between the maturing and mature males and females. We provide information pertaining to the reproductive biology of coprophagous beetles and highlight the importance of reproductive phenology as a tool with which to understand future environmental scenarios.
Transcriptional Diversity and Niche-Specific Distribution of Leukocyte Populations duringStaphylococcus aureusCraniotomy-Associated Biofilm Infection
Authors: Aldrich Amy L. , Horn Christopher M. , Heim Cortney E. , Korshoj Lee E. , Kielian Tammy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeurosurgery for brain tumor resection or epilepsy treatment requires a craniotomy to gain access to the brain. Despite prophylactic measures, infectious complications occur at a frequency of 1–3%, with approximately half caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that forms a biofilm on the bone flap and is recalcitrant to antibiotics. Using single-cell RNA sequencing in a mouse model of S. aureus craniotomy infection, this study revealed the complex transcriptional heterogeneity of resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes in the brain, in addition to transcriptionally diverse granulocyte subsets in the s.c. galea and bone flap. In the brain, trajectory analysis identified the transition of microglia from a homeostatic/anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory and proliferative populations, whereas granulocytes in the brain demonstrated a trajectory from a granulocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)–like phenotype to a small population of mature polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). In the galea, trajectory analysis identified the progression from two distinct granulocyte-MDSC–like populations to PMN clusters enriched for IFN signaling and cell cycle genes. Based on their abundance in the galea and bone flap, PMNs and MDSCs were depleted using anti-Ly6G, which resulted in increased bacterial burden. This revealed a critical role for PMNs in S. aureus containment because MDSCs were found to attenuate PMN antibacterial activity, which may explain, in part, why craniotomy infection persists in the presence of PMN infiltrates. These results demonstrate the existence of a transcriptionally diverse leukocyte response that likely influences the chronicity of S. aureus craniotomy infection.
Integrating Technologies in the New Normal: A Study of Blended Learning
Authors: Sakina Rahma , Kulsum Eva Meidi , Uyun Aip Syaepul 
Published: January 2021

The objective of this research is to describe how the teacher integrates technologies in blended learning and to analyze students’ perception and challenges in blended learning. The research was conducted in a private senior high school in Bandung and used a qualitative descriptive method. The data were collected through interview and questionnaire. The findings show that the teacher had already integrated technologies to run the process of teaching and learning in the new normal era as a replacement of a face to face learning due to Covid-19 pandemic. In the blended learning, the teacher integrated the variety of technologies in teaching-learning activities, namely zoom meeting and WhatsApp group chatting for the synchronous learning and she utilized google classroom, screencast o matic screen recorder, viva video editor, YouTube, and Quizizz the synchronous learning. The students perceived blended learning positively and determined that it is it is one of the effective ways of teaching. The biggest challenge overcome by the teacher is more time needed to learn and adapt to this new situation where they must employ technology in our educational culture. For the students, the stability of internet connection also becomes major obstacle in blended learning. Apart from that, blended learning can be an option applied in the learning process in the current pandemic era.
EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON LOAN REPAYMENT OF SMALL BUSINESSES IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF EASTLEIGH BUSINESS COMMUNITY
Authors: Noor Fidow Abdikadir 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate empirically the effect of pandemic outbreaks on loan repayment of small enterprises in Eastleigh business community, with particular focus for those who used borrowed fund in starting and operating their businesses.
Design/methodology/approach: The target population of the study was the business community of Eastliegh, and samples of 50 businesses were randomly selected from the population. descriptive statistics were used to analyze the mean, mode, median, and the variance of the collected data. Regression and correlation were used to analyze the strength and the direction between the relationships of the different variable.
Findings: The research results indicated statistically significant negative relationship between pandemic outbreak and loan repayment ability of small businesses in Easteigh, r(-.54), with p value of 0.008.
Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: Pandemic outbreak affects business performance and survival in different ways. Small business owners, regulators, lenders, and the general public may benefit from this research by considering the impact of disruptions on small businesses. The study is one of the first to respond to the effect pandemic outbreak on small businesses after covid-19 pandemic eruption. Conducting this study was indispensable because of the importance of small businesses for the economy of any country and the current situation of covid-19 pandemic impact on them, specifically those who borrowed the fund they had invested.