bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully flexible analysis of behavioural sequences based on parametric survival models with frailties—A tutorial
Authors: Gygax Lorenz , Zeeland Yvonne R. A. , Rufener Christina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent automated systems allow collecting continuous data on individual animals with high accuracy over a long time. During this time, animals can be traced across different (discrete) types of behavioural states, with the duration in each state being known. Nevertheless, analyses of such sequences of states or behaviours may prove difficult. Classic Markov‐chain methods have limitations in respect to incorporating “memory” (effects of past states), the duration in the states and accounting for dependencies. Dependencies occur in many data sets, where, for example a variety of individuals from different groups are observed and/or when an experiment is divided in different crossover treatment phases. So‐called parametric survival analysis with frailties can incorporate aforementioned aspects in one coherent model. The time spent in a specific state (performing a specific behaviour) can be modelled in dependence of the subsequent state (transition probabilities) while incorporating how these transitions are influenced by experimental treatments. In addition, prior states can be used as predictor variables (accounting for past behaviour). Finally, random effects can be included to account for dependencies according to, for example individual identity, group/farm/laboratory or experimental period. Using interactions between random and fixed effects, the within‐ and between‐subject variability of the transition probabilities can be estimated to indicate variation between and consistency within individual subjects (individuality and personality). Moreover, relative hazards describing transitions from one state to several potential follow‐up states can be estimated. Behavioural sequences and their modulation by experimental situations can be studied accordingly. Using two exemplary data sets, the data type and structure adequate for parametric survival analysis are introduced and advice is given on how to specify and run such models. Overall, parametric survival analysis with frailties presents a modern and versatile approach that can revive sequential analysis. This will facilitate more detailed use of behavioural data and accordingly detect more subtle aspects of behaviour.
Effective high‐quality economic growth based on human capital structure
Authors: Ma Jinli , Montenegro‐Marin Carlos Enrique , Crespo Rubén González 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, economic growth is influenced by many domestic and foreign global issues, concerning the decrease of industrial output for the rise in economic inequality and the weakening of the overall condition in the countries. The role of economic growth is based on human capital and investment. Therefore, in this paper, the human capital and economic management system (HC‐EMS) has been proposed to enhance the country's quality based on the capital structure investment. HC explores the role of command and its significance in the production and creation aspects of human capital such that an area can grow creatively. HC‐EMS analysed critical monitoring systems for developing human resources and the high‐tech and creative economic sectors and presented suggestions for change. Besides, there is a need to prove the shortcomings and benefits of human resource development systems and statistical approaches for gathering and analysing information. The impact of financial services and financial transactions may vary; therefore, it is critically important for fostering economic growth. The experimental result suggests that the proposed HC‐EMS achieves the highest growth development ratio than other existing methods.
Pilot‐scale manufacturing of phase‐pure and highly crystalline hydroxyapatite: Lessons learned and process protocols
Authors: Barui Srimanta , Hadagalli Komalakrushna , Mukherjee Subrata , Roy Sabyasachi , Bhattacharjee Debashish , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recognition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) as the major bone mineral triggered significant research in bone tissue engineering applications. Although laboratory‐scale development involves the synthesis of HAp in different routes, scalability with uncompromised quality remains a major challenge. This article reports a large‐scale wet precipitation‐based synthesis of phase‐pure HAp using indigenously customized stirred tank reactors. The different synthesis parameters, like pH, reaction time, stirring rate, precursor addition, were tailored, together with the post‐synthesis mechano‐chemical treatment (aging induced Ostwald ripening) and calcinations, as the technology is matured to manufacture HAp powders in large volume. At least three batches of HAp were produced in the pilot‐scale reactor with reproducible values of phase purity, compositional fingerprint, particle size distribution, flowability, etc. The post‐calcination bluish tint was strategically addressed by adopting a proprietary calcination protocol. This batch process can produce around 200 kg/month of phase‐pure and highly crystalline (91–94%) HAp using stirred tank reactors of different working volumes. Extensive scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses reveal the particle size of as‐synthesized HAp powders with hexagonal crystal structure in the range of 20.47 ± 4.95 nm , while individual crystallite size in range of 22.3 ± 3.2 nm (XRD based Debye‐Scherrer analysis). TEM‐based SADP analysis confirms the highly crystalline hexagonal structure of as‐synthesized HAp. The spray‐dried powders with spherical shape having narrow size distribution (35–40 μm) could also be manufactured in large batches. The spray‐dried HAp powders could be coated on clinically used stainless steel femoral stem implants using atmospheric plasma spray coating technique.
Decline in Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas lupus in the North Sea: Impacts of fishing pressure and climate change
Authors: Bluemel Joanna K. , Fischer Simon H. , Kulka David W. , Lynam Christopher P. , Ellis Jim R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnarhichas lupus is a boreo‐Arctic species with biological characteristics often associated with vulnerability to overexploitation. Although not commercially targeted in the North Sea, A. lupus is a bycatch species in mixed demersal fisheries. Here we provide an overview of the status of A. lupus in the North Sea, as observed from commercial landings and fishery‐independent trawl survey data. A. lupus was once common across much of the central and northern North Sea but, since the 1980s, have declined in abundance, demographic characteristics (reduced size) and geographical range, with the shallower and more southerly parts of its range most impacted. A. lupus is still relatively frequent in the northern North Sea, where fishing intensity, though decreasing, is high. Bycatch through fishing remains a potential threat and, considering the likely impacts of predicted climate change on cold‐water species, risks of further regional depletion and/or range contraction remain. Whether or not A. lupus is able to re‐establish viable populations in former habitat in UK coastal waters is unknown. Given the lack of data, the precautionary principle would suggest that manageable pressures be minimized where the species and its habitat are at risk of further impacts, and more regular assessments of population status be undertaken.
Pelagic observations of the midwater scorpionfish Ectreposebastes imus (Setarchidae) suggests a role in trophic coupling between deep‐sea habitats
Authors: Hoving Henk‐Jan T. , Freitas Rui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring pelagic video transects off Santo Antão, Cabo Verde, we encountered the midwater scorpionfish Ectreposebastes imus in midwater between 300 and 800 m over a bottom depth of about 1000 m. The fish were typically positioned vertically with their heads pointing upwards. These first midwater observations of E. imus suggest migratory (potentially feeding) behaviour into the pelagic realm and hence a possible role of this species in the trophic coupling between the pelagic and benthic habitats in the deep seas of Cabo Verde and elsewhere in its global distribution.
Attitudes, perceptions, self‐efficacy and knowledge levels of Israeli nurses in relation to opioid misuse: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Nusbaum Lika , Farkash Miriyam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn an opioid epidemic that is imposing heavy health burdens on individuals, families and health systems, nurses are the main front‐line caregivers in the battle against the unrelenting increase in opioid medication misuse. Yet, little research has been conducted on nurses’ opinions and knowledge surrounding this issue worldwide and in Israel as well.ObjectivesTo evaluate Israeli nurses’ attitudes, their knowledge about opioid use and misuse, their perception of institutional support, and their perception of their role and self‐efficacy in preventing and treating opioid misuse.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThe data were collected through an electronic questionnaire from 414 Israeli registered nurses using the Qualtrics platform for on‐line surveys.ResultsThe majority of the sample perceived their role positively, held positive attitudes toward people with opioid addiction, and were willing to take care of persons who misused opioids. Nurses reported low scores on knowledge, perceived institutional support, and self‐efficacy relating to the issues surrounding opioid pain medication use and misuse.ConclusionsThe results clearly indicate a lack of up‐to‐date knowledge among nurses concerning opioids use. This situation must be urgently corrected through revisiting the subject of opioids across undergraduate, graduate, and continuing nursing education programs. Improved knowledge, combined with a supportive organizational culture, should strengthen nursing care provided to this frequently neglected patient population.Clinical relevanceBroad insight into nurses’ attitudes, their level of knowledge about opioid use and misuse, and their perceptions of their own role in preventing and treating such misuse are essential for creating targeted, relevant educational interventions for nurses with the aim of providing safe and effective opioid treatment for individuals with pain.
Cigarette smoking cessation and mental health treatment receipt in a U.S national sample of pregnant women with mental illness
Authors: Salameh Taghreed N. , Hall Lynne A. , Hall Martin T. , Crawford Timothy N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo (1) compare the probability of cigarette smoking cessation for pregnant women with and without past‐year mental illness by the trimester of pregnancy; and (2) examine the association between the receipt of past‐year mental health treatment and prenatal cigarette smoking cessation among pregnant lifetime‐smokers with mental illness.MethodsWe conducted secondary analysis of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2008–2014. The NSDUH included 2019 pregnant lifetime smokers aged 18–44 years, 528 of whom had a mental illness. We used multiple logistic regression to model the probability of prenatal cigarette smoking cessation.ResultsPregnant lifetime‐smokers with mental illness had a lower rate of cigarette smoking cessation than women without mental illness (47.9% vs. 61.7%, p = 0.001). Compared to pregnant women without mental illness, pregnant women with mental illness had a significantly lower odds of smoking cessation in the first trimester (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.34, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.18–0.66), but not in the second (AOR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.46–1.63) and third trimesters (AOR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.51–1.72). The likelihood of quitting smoking did not differ significantly for pregnant lifetime‐smokers with mental illness who received and did not receive mental health treatment (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.87–3.28).ConclusionPregnant lifetime‐smokers with mental illness are less likely to quit smoking than those without mental illness; overall, pregnant women tended to quit smoking as they progressed in their pregnancy. The receipt of mental health treatment was not associated with quitting smoking. Mental health care providers need to screen for cigarette use among pregnant women and strengthen smoking cessation efforts.Clinical relevancePregnancy presents a unique opportunity for mental health care providers to screen for cigarette use in women with mental illness and support their smoking cessation efforts.
Sedentary behaviors and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review
Authors: Li Qianqian , Zhu Yuan , Wang Jingyuan , Zhang Yan , Pan Yueshuai , Gu Ruting , Guo Xiaojing , Wei Lili 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimSedentary behaviors are activities that expend less energy than 1.5 metabolic equivalents, such as watching TV, sitting. We aim to systematically review the evidence to determine the association of sedentary behavior (SB) with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, and the associations of SB with health outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsTwo researchers independently performed a literature search using PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, the Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source, and the Sedentary Behavior Research Database for studies published up to January 27, 2021. Randomized controlled trials, quasi‐experimental studies, and observational studies were screened and selected if SB was assessed in the context of gestational diabetes mellitus. Two reviewers extracted the relevant information and independently assessed the included studies for quality and bias.ResultsEighteen studies were included, involving 60 804 patients, and the timeline of the original study included was from 2006 to 2021. Our review showed that SB before pregnancy was not associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, while SB during pregnancy was uncertain about the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. In addition, there were significant associations between SB time and metabolic outcomes. In addition, SB may cause some adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.ConclusionSB is likely to be the intermediary variable between occurrence of GDM and adverse maternal and infant outcome, rather than a direct influencing factor. Limited by the quantity and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high‐quality studies.
Grand Societal Challenges and Responsible Innovation
Authors: Voegtlin Christian , Scherer Andreas Georg , Stahl Günter K. , Hawn Olga 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrand societal challenges (GSCs) represent complex, multi‐level, multi‐dimensional problems that require concerted efforts by various actors – public, private, and non‐profit – to be successfully addressed. Businesses – alone or in conjunction with governmental and non‐profit organizations – are relevant actors in this regard, as they represent a source of innovation. Responsible innovation (RI) is a framework that allows for the governance and evaluation of innovations with regard to their potential harmful consequences and positive contributions to societal challenges. Moreover, it stipulates that this evaluation process should be facilitated by appropriate governance structures at various levels. The aim of this article is to expand theorizing on GSCs and RI and to encourage research that explores their links. We outline pertinent characteristics of GSCs that make current conceptualizations of corporate social responsibility and social innovation limited in addressing GSCs. We explicate the reflexive and participative capacities of RI governance as a complementary and promising way forward. Finally, we introduce the contributions to this Special Issue as illustrations of relevant theoretical and empirical groundwork around GSCs and RI, and outline the agenda for future research.
Diffusely abnormal white matter in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cairns James , Vavasour Irene M. , Traboulsee Anthony , Carruthers Robert , Kolind Shannon H. , Li David K. B. , Moore G. R. Wayne , Laule Cornelia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMRI enables detailed in vivo depiction of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Localized areas of MS damage, commonly referred to as lesions, or plaques, have been a focus of clinical and research MRI studies for over four decades. A nonplaque MRI abnormality which is present in at least 25% of MS patients but has received far less attention is diffusely abnormal white matter (DAWM). DAWM has poorly defined boundaries and a signal intensity that is between normal‐appearing white matter and classic lesions on proton density and T2‐weighted images. All clinical phenotypes of MS demonstrate DAWM, including clinically isolated syndrome, where DAWM is associated with higher lesion volume, reduced brain volume, and earlier conversion to MS. Advanced MRI metric abnormalities in DAWM tend to be greater than those in NAWM, but not as severe as focal lesions, with myelin, axons, and water‐related changes commonly reported. Histological studies demonstrate a primary lipid abnormality in DAWM, with some axonal damage and lesser involvement of myelin proteins. This review provides an overview of DAWM identification, summarizes in vivo and postmortem observations, and comments on potential pathophysiological mechanisms, which may underlie DAWM in MS. Given the prevalence and potential clinical impact of DAWM, the number of imaging studies focusing on DAWM is insufficient. Characterization of DAWM significance and microstructure would benefit from larger longitudinal and additional quantitative imaging efforts. Revisiting data from previous studies that included proton density and T2 imaging would enable retrospective DAWM identification and analysis.
Dynamic Masking: A Proposal of Burden‐Based Metrics for Masking in K‐12 Schools During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Rowland Leah C. , Klinkhammer Martin D. , Ramirez Dana W.E. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOngoing masking of K‐12 children has not been universally accepted despite recommendation from public health authorities. In states without universal mask mandates for schools, district administrators are forced to make masking decisions under significant local political pressures. There is a call for endpoints to masking to allow communities to tailor mitigation while keeping schools safe, focusing on harm reduction.METHODSWe reviewed existing measures for the safe opening of schools and designed a stepwise, accessible approach to the removal of masks in the K‐12 setting.RESULTSFocusing first on the assessment of school impact due to COVID‐19 disease and then considering the context of existing community transmission levels allows for a metrics‐based approach to masking that is flexible and practical, enabling school officials to adapt quickly to the pandemic landscape in their communities, independent of political pressures.CONCLUSIONSWhile this proposal is preliminary, a dynamic metric system for masking may encourage those communities who wish to minimize masking to adopt masks during highest risk periods, protecting against SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in schools and allowing for more holistic harm reduction. This approach may serve to guide districts during times of uncertainty when central guidance short of universal masking is lacking.
Valuing local heritage: Issue and challenges of geographical indication protection for local artisans in Indonesia Kasongan village heritage
Authors: Asri Dyah P. B. , Sriyono Edy , Hapsari Murti A. , Syahrin Savira A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany studies and research that are emphasizing on intellectual property rights (IPR) tend to be focused on standardized products in established markets. This study comes from one fundamental inquiry; how to determine the value of IPR for creative products, in this case, the product of art such as handicraft? This study paper presents a study case focusing on analyzing the IPRs for handicraft products especially pottery crafts in Kasongan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study focused on the evaluation of geographical indication (GI) from its juridical impact to legal protection. The data were carefully collected through library studies and field studies. The analysis begins with data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and finally, the conclusion. From this study it is found that GI legal protection will be financially beneficial for Kasongan pottery craftsmen, thus increasing its urgency to be registered in GI to sustain the industry. Furthermore, this study also describes Kasongan product's characteristic that has different characteristics from earthenware and handicraft products from other regions in Indonesia. This study focused to complements the literature on managing and evaluating GI regulation particularly in Indonesia, while discussing current situation, problems, and challenges ahead.
Accuracy of different cutoffs of the waist‐to‐height ratio as a screening tool for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies
Authors: Ezzatvar Yasmin , Izquierdo Mikel , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , del Pozo Cruz Borja , García‐Hermoso Antonio 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe present systematic review with meta‐analysis sought to estimate the accuracy of different waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) cutoff ranges as risk indicators for cardiometabolic health in different populations of children and adolescents. Systematic searches were undertaken to identify studies in apparently healthy participants aged 3–18 years that conducted receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for WHtR with any cardiometabolic biomarker. Forty‐one cross‐sectional studies were included in the meta‐analysis, including 138,561 young individuals (50% girls). Higher area under summary receiver operating characteristic (AUSROC) values were observed in cutoffs between 0.46 and 0.50 (AUSROC = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.80–0.86) and ≥0.51 (AUSROC = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.84–0.90) (p < 0.001 in comparison with cutoffs 0.41 to 0.45), with similar results in both sexes. The AUSROC value increased in the East and Southeast Asian regions using a WHtR cutoff of ≥0.46 (AUSROC = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.87 to 0.92). A cutoff of ≥0.54 was optimal for the Latin American region (AUSROC = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.94–0.97). Our meta‐analysis identified optimal cutoff values of WHtR for use in children and adolescents from different regions. Despite the widely accepted WHtR cutoff of 0.50, the present study indicated that a single cutoff value of WHtR may be inappropriate.