bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of waste cooking oil collection center in Semarang City using maximal covering location problem: a finding from Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Hartini S , Puspitasari D , Utami A A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Most waste cooking oil (WCO) in Semarang is still disposed of in landfills since there is an inadequate facility to collect those wastes. There are only three collection centers of WCO identified in Semarang. The alternative to sell WCO is also not the best option as the amount of WCO generated from households is less than the culinary enterprise. Thus, having a collection channel that can thoroughly cover all the supply points of WCO from the household in Semarang is a necessity. This research will design a collection channel to provide facilities so the waste can be appropriately managed. The analysis determines the number, location and capacity of each collection center, standard operating procedure of WCO collection, and the picking route. The number, location, and breadth of the collection center are determined using Maximal Covering Location Problem. The finding shows that to facilitate all the potential supply of WCO in scenario 1 with a range of 2 km mileage need 95 collection center. In contrast, in scenario 2, a distance of 1 km requires a collection center of 146 points. Previously, this study began by identifying community behavior towards waste cooking oil by surveying 347 households.
Characteristics of Kemiri Sunan (reutalis trisperma (blanco) airy shaw) biodiesel processed by a one stage transesterification process
Authors: Supriyadi S , Purwanto P , Hermawan H , Anggoro D D , Carsoni C , Mukhtar A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Kemiri sunan (Reutalis trisperma (blanco) airy shaw) is a plant that has the potential to be developed as a biodiesel feedstock in Indonesia because its fruit seeds have several advantages compared to jatropha and palm oil, including its oil content and productivity. The biodiesel production process consists of three stages, namely, esterification, transesterification, and purification. The process requires strong mixing to obtain sufficient contact between the vegetable oil and the catalyst or alcohol, especially at the beginning of the reaction. It is carried out manually in the reaction process through mechanical mixing (stirring) and heating in the transesterification process. Furthermore, biodiesel production process is greatly influenced by the accuracy of concentration and type of catalyst. This study aims to identify the optimal method for the process of biodiesel production from kemiri sunan oil. The research was conducted with a one-stage transesterification to determine the biodiesel yield and quality. The results showed that several biodiesel parameters satisfied the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for biodiesel (SNI number 7182:2015). However, the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel was still higher than the standard.
Prediction of spatial pollution load using the PLOAD Model
Authors: Rezagama A , Sarminingsih A , Sariffudin S , Hariyanto H , Daniswara C R A , Febbyany D G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The rapidly growing population density has decreased water quality due to waste from human activities originating from industrial, agricultural, and household activities that produce waste. Non Point Sources pollutants are difficult to control because their formation is very complicated. The BASINS-PLOAD model is used to predict the amount of pollutant load and non-point sources based on spatial data. The pollution loading model using BASIN PLOAD shows good results. The estimated pollution load of Nitrate and Phosphate parameters in the Garang watershed from 2006 to 2012 and 2012 to 2017 increased. It was related by a massive increase in residential land area. Settlements produce domestic waste, which contains nitrate and phosphate parameters.
Indoor air pollution in Air-Conditioned bus and non-Air-Conditioned bus
Authors: Husna I E , Unzilatirrizqi D Y E R , Sarifuddin  , Wijinurhayati A A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The use of buses as mass transportation mode has become a popular option for the people because of the cheap price and flexibility. The bus comfort is one of the keys to improving the quality of transportation service. However, the bus capability to carry many people with various conditions has a potential risk of creating indoor pollution inside the bus. This study aims to examine the level of air pollution inside an air-conditioned bus and a non-air-conditioned bus with a biological agent’s approach as the source of pollutants. The analysis conducted in this study is limited to microorganisms as one of the sources of indoor air pollution. Several media are placed in some part of the air-conditioned bus and non-air-conditioned bus. The study shows that there are fungi inside the buses that serve as contaminants and pathogen microbes that can cause air pollution.
Technology for increasing calf yield using ultrafine particles of silicon dioxide
Authors: Khristianovsky P I , Platonov S A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The technology provides for the intramuscular injection of ultrafine particles of silicon dioxide during the synchronization of sexual heat at a dose of 10 μg/kg to increase the yield of offspring. The experiment involved the Red Steppe cattle. There were two groups of 10 cows exposed to estrous synchronization with oestrophan. In the experimental group, the animals were injected with a solution of SiO2 nanoparticles simultaneously with the second injection of oestrophan. All cows were inseminated artificially. In the experimental group, the fertilization rate was 70.0 %, while in the control group – 60 %. FSH and LH dynamics in the blood serum in both groups was similar, but in the experimental group, the level of hormones during an induced estrous cycle changed more dramatically.
Improving the efficiency of poultry meat production by feeding ultrafine silicon
Authors: Mustafina A S , Rakhmatullin S G , Sizova E A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study on the effect of various doses of ultrafine silicon on the microbial content of the intestines and blood parameters of poultry. The microbiology of digestion is very complex and poorly understood. It was found that ultrafine silicon particles selectively affected the intestinal micro flora of chickens, reduced the number of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby increasing the number of lactobacilli in the total mass. Useful microorganisms can significantly increase the bioavailability of the feed used. It also has a positive effect on the content of red blood cells and by the middle of the experiment, their number was significantly higher in the experimental groups by 4.74–7.79 %, and by the end of the experiment-by 4.38–9.04% compared to the same indicator in the control group. The hemoglobin content in the blood of chickens also increases in comparison with the beginning of the experiment. By the end of the accounting period, in the 1st (dose of 100 mg/kg of feed from ultrafine si particles), 2nd (dose of 200 mg/kg of feed from ultrafine Si particles) experimental groups, the level of hemoglobin decreased by 4.78–5.06%, in the 3rd (dose of 300 mg/kg of feed from ultrafine Si particles) and 4th (dose of 400 mg/kg of feed from ultrafine Si particles) experimental groups, where the highest concentration of silicon in the feed was observed, increased by 12.0 %. There was also an increase in the total protein in the blood of the experimental bird by 3.05–5.45% by the middle of the experiment and by 10.08-11.58% by the end of the experiment. The albumin fraction content also increases by 10.48-3.10 %. Thus, the data obtained during the study reflect the body’s response to various doses of ultrafine silicon used in poultry feeding. The obtained result shows the possibility of using these forms in the industrial production of animal feed.
Efficiency and safety of using different sources of zinc in poultry nutrition
Authors: Sizova E , Miroshnikov S , Ayasan T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Full and balanced diet of poultry with high-quality feeds and availability of minerals is the key to high safety and productivity of animals. The needs of animals for minerals can be met through various forms of compounds: inorganic, organic, chelated and nanoscale. The aim of research was a comparative assessment of influence of various forms of zinc on the productivity and morpho-biochemical parameters of blood of broiler chickens. Replacing the inorganic form of zinc with nanoscale (group I) and organic form (group II) leads to a positive productive effect by the end of the experiment, by 4.6 and 11.1 %, respectively, compared to the control. At the same time, a short-term increase in the number of leukocytes at 28 days of age was observed after feeding with nanoZn (group I) by 40 % (P≤0.05) and by 12.4 % when using its organic form (group II). The concentration of hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells tended to increase in the experimental groups compared with the control at 21, 28 and 35 days of age. The use of various forms of zinc affects the state of biochemical indicators of metabolism in the body, leading to different growth rates of animals. The study showed that it is possible to improve broiler productivity by completely replacing the inorganic form of zinc with an organic or nanoscale one. The obtained result shows the possibility of using these forms in the industrial production of animal feed.
Efficiency of protein-rich plant and animal additives in feeding broiler chickens
Authors: Abilov B T , Marynich A P , Boldareva A V , Nechaev S A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently, there has been a need to find new ways to intensify the poultry industry thus maximizing the net yield. The inclusion of such protein-rich feed additives as maize gluten and Organic in the diet of broiler chickens in the amount of 3 % of mixed feed weight both separately and in the mixture increased the body weight gain by 8.8–19.2 %, survival rate – by 3.3 %, feed efficiency – by 0.23–0.26 of energy feed units or by 9.1–9.8 %, productivity index (European Production Efficacy Factor) – by 47.9–91.7 units or 35.5–36.7 %. Besides, their meat quality was improved: the content of dry matter, protein, fat and ash increased by 8.44–8.54 %; 1.56–1.6 %; 0.89–0.98 %; 0.16–0.2 %. The total tasting score of pectoral muscles increased by 5.8–6.3 %. Additional profit per head increased by 7.94–19.65 rubles, the level of profitability of broiler chicken cultivation increased by 5.37–13.14 %.
Predicting the body weight of Hereford cows using machine learning
Authors: Ruchay A N , Kolpakov V I , Kalschikov V V , Dzhulamanov K M , Dorofeev K A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Various machine learning algorithms have been used to model and predict the body weight of Hereford cows. The traditional linear regression model and various machine learning algorithms have been used to develop models for the prediction of the body weight of Hereford cows. The dependent variables include body weight and independent variables include withers height, hip height, chest dept, chest width, width in maclocks, sciatic hill width, oblique length of the body, oblique rear length, chest girth, metacarpus girth, backside half-girth, and age measurements of 1500 cows aged 2–6 years of age. The performance of the models is assessed based on evaluation criteria of the coefficient of determination, the root mean squared error, the mean absolute error, the mean absolute percentage error. We used a concept of splitting data into training, testing and validation datasets to provide a robust method for modelling and predicting. The RandomForestRegressor algorithm was found to provide the best results for training and testing datasets. It was concluded that machine learning algorithms may provide better results than the traditional models and may help researchers choose the best predictors for body weight of animals.
Testing the rigidity of the universal flanged centre shifter while sanding crankshaft necks of agricultural tractors
Authors: Berdennikov E A , Shablykin I N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The repair and mechanical workshop, where the current repair of equipment is carried out, is an integral part of the technical service of an agricultural enterprise. There are specialized repair companies involved in restoration of basic machine parts. The development and implementation of advanced technologies for restoring parts will improve the quality of repairs and extend the service life of agricultural machinery. A universal flanged centre shifter is a device designed to shift a part relative to its axis of rotation before machining, for example, before sanding crankshaft necks. One of the factors affecting the accuracy of mechanical cutting and subject to research in this paper is the rigidity of the technological system “machine – tool – part”. The rigidity of the technological system is understood as the ability to provide resistance to deformation forces.
Research results for eccentric tillage rollers
Authors: Kurdyumov V I , Sharonov I A , Egorov A S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An innovative double-drum eccentric roller has been developed. The proposed roller allows you to effectively destroy soil lumps and evenly compact the soil surface. Its main advantage is the varying effect on the same areas of soil with its working surfaces, due to which the maximum result of crushing of soil lumps is achieved. The roller is tested in the field with the quality control of its tillage in accordance with agro-technical requirements. As an optimization criterion, we adopted the coefficient of conformity to the standard ks. It characterizes the quality of soil cultivation by the proposed roller from the position of conformity of the structural composition of the soil to agrotechnical requirements. A comparison of the processing quality of the proposed roller and ring-spur roller was made. When the structural composition of the soil fully complies with the agrotechnical requirements ks = 1. Experimental studies of the eccentric roller made it possible to determine its optimal parameters for which the coefficient of compliance with the standard ks = 0.72, which is 20 % better than the ring-spur roller KKSh-6G-02 (ks = 0.52). The achieved quality of soil cultivation by the eccentric roller made it possible to increase the yield of spring wheat by 320 kg/ha in comparison with a ring-spur roller, which provides a profit of 3593 rubles per 1 ha.
Investigation of the possibility of using coagulant for cleaning used motor oils
Authors: Maltseva E I , Keruchenko L S , Zakharov S V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to studying the possibility of using organic or inorganic coagulants in the process of purification of used motor oils (UMO). In experimental studies, combinations of aqueous solution of carbomide, acetic acid and isopropyl alcohol were used as coagulants. The analysis showed that the third variant of coagulant combination was the most effective. Mathematical models were obtained. Varying factors: percentage of coagulant α (%), settling temperature t (°C) and settling time τ (min−1). The mathematical model is constructed for response functions: alkaline pH number, oil color (OC) of mechanical impurities content (β). The research results showed that this coagulant improves the color of used oil. The use of this coagulant increases the alkaline number of purified oil. It reduces the content of mechanical impurities.
Toxicological safety control and dosage parameters of the pharmacological agent SPAO for chickens
Authors: Miftakhutdinov A V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To reduce economic losses caused by technological factors affecting chickens, a pharmacological complex SPAO (a stress protector antioxidant) was developed. SPAO is a pharmacological composition containing lithium citrate, vitamins, and other substances that affect the metabolism of chickens. The toxicological studies proved that the SPAO belongs to the group of low-toxic substances that do not have locally irritating properties. With a single oral administration at a dose of 6773.33 mg per 1 kg of body weight, there were no toxic effects. It is a low-hazard substance (relatively harmless). As a result of assessment of the dose-effect relationship, when the level of corticosterone in the blood of chickens was used as a marker sign of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, the lowest dose providing a pronounced anti-stress pharmacological effect is 185 mg/kg according to the scheme (two days and a day before exposure to stress factors). Long-term administration of the SPAO-complex at a dose of 185–1850 mg per 1 kg of body weight does not cause the death of experimental animals. In therapeutic doses, the SPAO-complex does not adversely affect the general condition of experimental animals, digestion and urination, the central nervous system and the morphology of internal organs. At doses exceeding therapeutic ones by 5–10 times, within 40 days of use, it increases the heart weight, causes dystrophic phenomena in liver and increases the volume of spleen, without a significant effect on the weight of this organ.
Assessment of propagation efficiency of Clematis L. green cuttings in Western Siberia
Authors: Prokhorova N A , Kling A P 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, clematis have become very popular in landscaping around the world. The representatives of this species are characterized by long-term decorativeness, a fast growth rate and a variety of forms. To meet the needs of urban landscaping, a large amount of planting material adapted to local conditions is required. In this regard, it becomes necessary to study individual parameters of their reproduction, taking into account the capabilities of producers of planting material in the region. The varieties that are well adapted to local climatic conditions, are stable decorative were selected as the objects of research. These are representatives of the Jacqueman groups (Rhapsody, Hagley Hybrid, Jerzy Popieluszko and Madame Baron Veillard) and Viticella (Purpurea Plena Elegans, Polish spirit, Ville de lyon). The varieties Ville de lyon (93%), Madame Baron Veillard (82%), Purpurea Plena Elegans (80%) have the highest root-forming ability. The propagation of cuttings is influenced by many factors such as the phenological phase of development during the harvesting of cuttings, the microclimate parameters in the artificial fog greenhouse and the varietal characteristics of the culture. In the future, it is necessary to work out the issues of deplantation of annual plants into containers for overwintering in protected ground.
Reduction of draft resistance by substantiating the coulter design parameters for multi-degree fertilization and seed sowing
Authors: Demchuk E V , Myalo V V , Myalo O V , Begunov M A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Food security of the state, in accordance with agrarian policy and the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On development of agriculture”, is aimed at providing the population with safe agricultural products. To ensure food security it is necessary to develop the agricultural industry, which in its turn is impossible without the development of the agricultural machine building industry as the basis for successful agricultural production. The coulter unit for multi-degree fertilization and seed sowing is presented. The forces acting on the coulter from the soil have been determined and analyzed. Theoretical calculations of the coulter draft resistance are presented, based on which the rational parameters of the proposed working body are determined.
Rational plough arrangement for plowing with turnover of the soil layer
Authors: Vasilenko V V , Vasilenko S V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The method of basic tillage in the form of dump plowing continues to be dominant in the cultivation of agricultural crops, so plows are being improved in many directions. In some models of ploughs, a full rotation of soil layers, an alternative direction of their rotation, smooth adjustment of the width of the grip, various ways of alternating left-and right-hand working bodies, and many more variations are used. The aim of the study is to summarize the latest achievements in these areas in order to design a rational plow. A rational design should combine the best performance indicators for the quality of work and energy costs as well as ease of maintenance and management of the arable unit. The proposed scheme of a hinged rotary plow can be considered rational, since it performs plowing with high quality at the level of agricultural technology. It provides a smooth state of the plowed surface, a full turn of the layers, deep burying of all plant residues and weed seeds in the soil, and aligns the ridges on the surface layer of the soil. Power consumption during plowing is reduced due to the absence of coulters, field boards, reduced plow weight and accurate orientation of the thrust force vector. The management of the ploughing unit is facilitated by automating the rotation of the working bodies, the absence of idle crossings across the field, reducing the length of the plough, the absence of side loads, as well as by more convenient adjustments.
Biotechnological aspects of the use of vegetable oils in the production of meat products
Authors: Sheida E V , Lebedev S V , Gubaidullina I Z , Grechkina V V , Ryazanov V A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Biotechnological processes are becoming an important component of the world’s economy, including agro-industrial production. They are based on the use of biological objects such as plants, animals and microorganisms; biological processes, the effective management of which is the essence of biotechnology in the traditional and modern sense. Biotechnology provides groundbreaking approaches to improving animal health and livestock productivity. This improvement is possible by improving the use of high quality feed, as well as by increasing the efficiency of their use in the body. This problem can be solved by including vegetable oils in full-component diets, which are concentrated sources of energy for the body as a whole and give the feed certain taste and structure. The paper shows the positive effect of the additional introduction of vegetable oils (soybean and linseed ones) on increasing the productive qualities of beef cattle.
Innovative technology of processing berries by osmotic dehydration
Authors: Gribova N A , Perov V I , Eliseeva L G , Berketova L V , Nikolayeva M A , Soltaeva N L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present study is devoted to the influence of osmotic agent type and of its concentration on processing fresh berries with subsequent freezing. Freezing berries without preliminary protection destroys their texture, and during defreezing berries lose their consumer properties and vitamin content. The study describes the physical and chemical processes of osmotic dehydration: crystallization temperature; sucrose syrup concentration; changing the mass; frozen moisture amount; water activity; change of the mass fraction of mono-, disaccharides and vitamin C in the berries. As a result, crystallization temperature of dehydrated berries was calculated: from -1.1°C to -2.6°C (60°Brix) and from -1.7°C to -4.8°C (70°Brix). Frozen moisture amount was estimated at 83.2%-92.8% (60°Brix) and 52.2%-87.95% (70°Brix), water activity was 0.9756-0.9891 (60°Brix) and 0.9551-0.9838 (70°Brix). The obtained data allowed determining that the amount of monosaccharides in frozen berries which were preliminarily osmo-dehydrated with 70°Brix sucrose solution rose up to 20%, and the amount of vitamin C to 14.8% (compared with freshly frozen berries). Osmotic dehydration with sucrose solution of specified concentration protects the smooth texture of berries and preserves their organoleptic properties and valuable nutritional composition.