bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐scale habitat selection of key frugivores predicts large‐seeded tree recruitment in tropical forest restoration
Authors: Reid J. Leighton , Zahawi Rakan A. , Zárrate‐Chary Diego A. , Rosales Juan A. , Holl Karen D. , Kormann Urs 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLarge‐seeded, animal‐dispersed (LSAD) trees include some of the most valuable and threatened species in the tropics, but they are chronically underrepresented in regenerating forests. Toucans disperse many LSAD species, so attracting toucans to regenerating forests should help re‐establish more diverse tree communities. We ask: (1) What constitutes suitable toucan habitat in premontane southern Costa Rica? (2) How much do small‐scale restoration strategies influence toucan visitation compared to landscape‐scale habitat suitability outside of restoration sites? (3) How well does toucan visitation predict the richness of LSAD tree species recruiting into regenerating forests? We combined habitat suitability models with long‐term toucan observations and comprehensive tree recruitment surveys to assess these questions in a multi‐site forest restoration experiment. Restoration treatments included tree plantations, natural regeneration, and applied nucleation. Habitat suitability obtained by modeling for three sympatric toucan species was predicted by elevation and the extent and age of landscape forest cover. Within suitable landscapes, toucans visited areas restored via tree planting ≥5 yr sooner and ≥2× more often than plots restored via natural regeneration. Tree plantations in suitable toucan habitat at the landscape scale had LSAD tree recruitment communities that were 2–3× richer in species than plantations in poor toucan habitat, and 71% (15/21) of all recruiting LSAD tree species were found only in plantations where landscape habitat was suitable for the largest toucan,Ramphastos ambiguus. Results support a multi‐spatial‐scale model for predicting toucan‐mediated dispersal of LSAD trees. Tree planting increases toucan visitation and LSAD tree recruitment, but only within landscapes that represent suitable toucan habitat. More broadly, habitat suitability modeling for key seed dispersers can help prioritize restoration actions within heterogenous landscapes.
Adult piping plover habitat selection varies by behavior
Authors: Robinson Samantha , Bellman Henrietta , Walker Katie , Catlin Daniel , Karpanty Sarah , Ritter Shannon , Fraser James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPiping plovers (Charadrius melodus, “plover”) are beach‐nesting shorebirds that occupy their breeding range from about April to August. When plovers arrive on the breeding grounds, they select and defend territories, lay and incubate eggs, and tend to precocial broods; additionally, adults can return to a non‐breeding stage after final nest failure or after chicks have fledged or died. We hypothesized that habitat selection would differ among these phases of the breeding cycle because the needs of the birds differ among them. We monitored plovers on Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York, during 2016–2018, recording individual locations of adult birds. We used resource selection functions to determine whether breeding stage (pre‐breeding, nesting, brooding, post‐breeding), breeding status (breeding, non‐breeding), or instantaneous behavior class (parental [incubating, brooding, and accompanying chicks], non‐parental [all other behaviors]) best explained relationships with landscape characteristics known to be important to breeding plovers. Differences in habitat selection between adults exhibiting parental behaviors and non‐parental behaviors had the greatest support in our model set. Compared with non‐parental plovers, plovers displaying parental behavior selected areas closer to bay intertidal habitats and with proportionally more dry sand in the surrounding landscape than other habitat types. Non‐parental plovers avoided areas with more dry sand and did not select for or against bay intertidal habitats. Additionally, non‐parental plovers avoided development and higher elevation areas more than parental plovers, although both exhibited avoidance of these features. The total amount of suitable habitat ranged from 100.14 ha to 151.07 ha. In each year, there was more suitable habitat for parental plovers (129.57–151.07 ha) than non‐parental plovers (100.14–108.83 ha). Due to these differences, when improving, creating, and protecting plover habitat, managers should consider habitat needs of both behavioral classes. Habitat management for nesting and brooding plovers should focus on maintaining vegetation‐free sand and access to foraging habitat, and habitat management for non‐parental plovers should focus on flat, low‐elevation foraging habitats, particularly areas further from development.
Impact of anaemia and the effect of empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: findings from EMPEROR‐Reduced
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos , Iwata Tomoko , Salsali Afshin , Zeller Cordula , Pocock Stuart J. , Zannad Faiez , Packer Milton 
Published: December 2021

AimsAnaemia is frequent among patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is associated with poor outcomes. Sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) increase haematocrit and may correct anaemia. This study aims to investigate the impact of empagliflozin on haematocrit and anaemia, and whether anaemia influenced the effect of empagliflozin in EMPEROR‐Reduced.Methods and resultsMixed‐effects models and survival analysis. A total of 3726 patients (out of 3730) had baseline haematocrit values, 3013 (81%) had no anaemia and 713 (19%) had anaemia. Patients with anaemia were older (70.4 vs. 66.0 years), had lower body mass index (26.6 vs. 28.2 kg/m2), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (54.2 vs. 63.9 ml/min/1.73 m2), and higher N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (2362 vs. 1800 pg/ml). Compared to patients without anaemia, those with anaemia had 1.5 to 2.5‐fold higher rates of cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality, total HF hospitalizations, and kidney composite outcomes. The effect of empagliflozin to reduce the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalizations, total HF hospitalizations, and kidney composite outcome was not modified by baseline anaemia status (interaction p > 0.1 for all). Compared to placebo, empagliflozin rapidly (as early as week 4) increased haematocrit and haemoglobin and reduced the rates of new‐onset anaemia throughout the follow‐up (22.6% in placebo vs. 12.3% in empagliflozin; hazard ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.41–0.59; p < 0.001).ConclusionsAnaemia was associated with poor outcomes. Empagliflozin reduced new‐onset anaemia throughout the follow‐up and improved HF and kidney outcomes irrespective of anaemia status at baseline.
Antioxidant Effects of Stevia rebaudiana Leaf and Stem Extracts on Lipid Oxidation in Salted Pacific Saury (Cololabis saira) during Processing
Authors: Liu Haimei , Yang Gangqiang , Zhao Qin , Li Haiyan , Niu Lihong , Wu Hongyan , Yu Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStevia rebaudiana, cultivated as a sweetener, also contains numerous phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant activities. Here, the antioxidant effects of Stevia rebaudiana leaf (SRL) and stem (SRS) extracts on lipid oxidation in salted Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) fillets throughout the salting and drying process are investigated. Fish fillets treated with SRL and SRS extracts are monitored for lipid oxidation and physicochemical characteristics. The results show that both SRL and SRS extract treatment significantly retard lipid oxidation in the fish, shown by reductions in the levels of peroxide, conjugated diene, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. These effects can be attributed to both the antioxidant activity of the extracts and the possible inhibition of the fish lipoxygenase by the SRL and SRS extracts. Interestingly, the SRS extract has stronger activities than the SRL extract in inhibiting lipid oxidation during the fish drying process, despite having relatively lower DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion‐chelating ability, and reducing power. Notably, the SRS extract is more effective at hydroxyl radical scavenging than the SRL extract, suggesting the importance of hydroxyl radical scavenging during the fish drying process. Consequently, stevia extracts can be a source of natural antioxidants to minimize lipid oxidation in salted fish.Practical applications: Current work demonstrates the antioxidant effect of the aqueous extracts of stevia leaf and stem against the lipid oxidation in salted Pacific saury during salting and drying process. The results open the way to the potential utilization of extracts from stevia leaf and stem, a by‐product of the sweetener industry, as alternative source of natural antioxidants for salted fish and meat.
Different genes may be involved in distal and local sensitization: A genome‐wide gene‐based association study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kouraki Afroditi , Doherty Michael , Fernandes Gwen S. , Zhang Weiya , Walsh David A. , Kelly Anthony , Valdes Ana M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuropathic pain symptoms and signs of increased pain sensitization in osteoarthritis (OA) patients may explain persistent pain after total joint replacement (TJR). Therefore, identifying genetic markers associated with pain sensitization and neuropathic‐like pain phenotypes could be clinically important in identifying targets for early intervention.MethodsWe performed a genome‐wide gene‐based association study (GWGAS) using pressure pain detection thresholds (PPTs) from distal pain‐free sites (anterior tibia), a measure of distal sensitization, and from proximal pain‐affected sites (lateral joint line), a measure of local sensitization, in 320 knee OA participants from the Knee Pain and related health in the Community (KPIC) cohort. We next performed gene‐based fixed‐effects meta‐analysis of PPTs and a neuropathic‐like pain phenotype using genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data from KPIC and from an independent cohort of 613 post‐TJR participants, respectively.ResultsThe most significant genes associated with distal and local sensitization were OR5B3 and BRDT, respectively. We also found previously identified neuropathic pain‐associated genes—KCNA1, MTOR, ADORA1 and SCN3B—associated with PPT at the anterior tibia and an inflammatory pain gene—PTAFR—associated with PPT at the lateral joint line. Meta‐analysis results of anterior tibia and neuropathic‐like pain phenotypes revealed genes associated with bone morphogenesis, neuro‐inflammation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cognitive function.ConclusionsOverall, our results suggest that different biological processes might be involved in distal and local sensitization, and common genetic mechanisms might be implicated in distal sensitization and neuropathic‐like pain. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings.SignificanceTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first GWAS for pain sensitization and the first gene‐based meta‐analysis of pain sensitization and neuropathic‐like pain. Higher pain sensitization and neuropathic pain symptoms are associated with persistent pain after surgery hence, identifying genetic biomarkers and molecular pathways associated with these traits is clinically relevant.
Screening of Synthetic Cathinones by Potentiometric Sensor Array and Chemometrics
Authors: Shishkanova Tatiana V. , Pospíšilová Eva , Prokopec Vadim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work demonstrates the analytical applicability of single ion‐selective membranes (ISMs) and potentiometric sensor array to distinguish and detect cathinone derivatives. Potentiometric data from ISMs based on cation exchanger and varying content of calix[4]arene derivative were processed by principal component analysis (PCA). Such a combination of methods allowed discriminating various individual synthetic cathinones and their recognition from the mixture comprising primary amines (substituted amphetamines+aminoindane). Analytical parameters of ISM containing 1wt % of calix[4]arene derivative were sufficient to detect 1.0×10−4 mol.l−11‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)butan‐1‐one and 2‐(methylamino)‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐one (buphedrone) in both model and saliva samples.
Hurricanes alter 10Be concentrations in tropical river sediment but do not change regional erosion rate estimates
Authors: Quock Melinda , Schmidt Amanda H. , Corbett Lee B. , Bierman Paul R. , Hidy Alan J. , Caffee Marc 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTropical islands, including many in island arcs, are subjected to recurring disturbances from extreme storms such as tropical cyclones. To test whether such storms influence cosmogenic nuclide concentrations such that they do not reflect long‐term rates of erosion, we measured meteoric and in situ 10Be in river sediment samples from Dominica, an andesitic island in the Caribbean, before and after category five Hurricane Maria (in 2017). Populations of before‐ and after‐storm concentrations are statistically indistinguishable (n = 7 pairs for in‐situ 10Be, n = 11 pairs for meteoric 10Be). 10Be concentrations vary from −138% to +73% within before–after sample pairs relative to the mean of the pair. These new data suggest that the effects of extreme storms on the depth and amount of near‐surface erosion on Dominica vary spatially. Our data support the calculations of Niemi et al. (2005) and Yanites et al. (2009) suggesting that basin‐by‐basin comparisons of erosion rates based on cosmogenic nuclides should be approached with caution in small (<~100 km2) watersheds affected by mass movements and extreme storms. Erosion rates determined from in‐situ 10Be on Dominica (geometric mean = 0.102 mm y−1, n = 12) are low compared to similarly steep and wet areas globally and correlate positively with the spatial density of mass movements.
Hybrid‐360: An adaptive bitrate algorithm for tile‐based 360 video streaming
Authors: Yang Shujie , Hu Jialu , Jiang Ke , Xiao Han , Wang Mu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, virtual reality (VR) has become a popular topic. VR videos, as one of the popular applications, can provide the user with an extraordinary and immersed video viewing experience and are gradually entering the public's vision. However, it has faced specific difficulties in the past few years. VR videos need specific collection and displaying equipment. Delivering VR videos needs extra bandwidth and storage space as they contain more information. Traditional adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithms are mainly designed for 2D videos, and cannot directly apply to VR videos. The delay must be neglectable and there should be fewer stalls. If not, users can suffer from motion sickness. With the development of relevant technologies, those problems can be solved. Using a first‐class VR camera and a head‐mounted display, VR videos can be easily collected and displayed properly. In this work, Hybrid‐360, a novel tile‐based 360 video ABR algorithm, is proposed. Using reinforcement learning, the algorithm can make proper bitrate decisions for every tile in the VR video based on the network and client status. In addition, a system model is proposed to implement the tile‐based 360 ABR algorithm in the real world. Different from traditional 2D videos, VR videos have special characteristics, which brings the need to redesign quality of experience (QoE) model. Additional QoE factors are added into the QoE model, and the weights of every term are adjusted. Using a novel 360 video simulation platform, Hybrid‐360 is then compared with some classical ABR algorithms. It is found to be capable of balancing the video quality as well as video smoothness and fluentness. Also, the algorithm can provide users with a higher QoE.
Contribution of aroma‐active compounds to the aroma of Lu'an Guapian tea
Authors: Xiao Mingji , Zheng Fangling , Xiao Mengxuan , Qi An , Wang Huiqiang , Dai Qianying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn China, Lu'an Guapian (LAGP) tea consists of tea leaves without tea buds or stems. In this study, we evaluated the aromatic characteristics of LAGP by sensory analysis, aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), and odor activity values. The sensory analysis revealed that LAGP had cooked soybean‐like, cooked chestnut‐like, roasted, cooked corn‐like, fishy, fruity, floral, and grass aromas. Aroma‐active compounds from LAGP were identified by solvent extraction‐solid phase extraction (SE‐SPE) and headspace‐solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME), and subjected to AEDA. A total of 91 aroma‐active compounds were identified by SE‐SPE‐AEDA with flavor dilution (FD) factors ranging from 1 to 4096. A total of 66 aroma‐active compounds were identified by HS‐SPME‐AEDA with FD of 1 to 128. Nine compounds with FD ≥64 and OAVs ≥1 were major aroma‐active compounds to the aroma of LAGP tea: raspberry ketone (raspberry), (E)‐β‐ionone (floral, raspberry), dimethyl sulfide (cooked corn‐like), indole (animal), phenylacetaldehyde (floral, honey‐like), 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine (roasted), (Z)‐4‐heptenal (cooked soybean‐like, fishy), (Z)‐jasmone (jasmine), and geraniol (rose).
Information and the arrival rate of option trading volume
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Verousis Thanos , Kalaitzoglou Iordanis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the interaction between liquidity and information in the options market and its impact on the pricing of the underlying asset. We model option trade duration and volume jointly, for the first time, as a natural measure of options' trading intensity and we associate it with differential degrees of information present in option trades. We report a highly significant association between option trading intensity with contemporaneous and future underlying volatility and returns, which is robust to the presence of other information measures, market factors, and structural forms.
T‐Cup: A Cheap, Rapid, and Simple Home Device for Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification
Authors: Velders Aldrik H. , Ossendrijver Michel , Keijser Bart J. F. , Saggiomo Vittorio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the SARS‐CoV2 pandemic, it has become clear that centralized testing suffers from multiple bottlenecks. Logistics, number of machines, and people available to run the diagnostic tests are limited. A solution to those bottlenecks would be a fully decentralized system, where people can test themselves at home and only report back the outcome of the test in a centralized database. Here a noninstrumental device capable of achieving isothermal conditions useful for detecting the SARS‐CoV2 RNA using loop mediated amplification (LAMP) tests is presented. This device, compared to others reported in literature or present on the market, is cheap, easy to produce and use, and has little impact on the environment. Using a simple aluminum coffee capsule, a phase change material, and a 3D printed holder, this device, when placed in boiling water, is able to maintain a temperature of 65 °C for 25 min, required for running the LAMP reaction. In principle, this device can be applied to any LAMP reaction, and hence employed for many different applications, and can be deployed in large quantities in short amount of time.
Magnetic storm and term‐day observations at the Prague observatory Clementinum in the mid‐19th century
Authors: Hejda Pavel , Revallo Miloš , Valach Fridrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMagnetic observations at the Clementinum Observatory were started in July 1839 and data up to 1917 were published in yearbooks. In addition to regular daily observations with a typical 2‐hr time step, two categories of data with a higher cadence were provided in the first decade. The first category captures 73 magnetic storms with their magnitude being of at least a moderate level. The second category is the dense observations during the days that had been agreed for joint measurements by the observatories organized in the Göttingen Magnetic Union (GMU), these measurements being known as term‐day observations. Whereas four terms per year were set by GMU, many observatories agreed to carry out additional observations in the eight remaining months. The term‐day observations also continued being performed for several years after the end of the GMU activities in 1841. Data of 120 term days from January 1840 to December 1849 were published. The declination was observed using the magnetic compass principle, while a bifilar apparatus was used to measure the horizontal intensity. When converting the data to the physical units of the SI, we have achieved the consistency of these high cadence data with previously published regular hourly observations of the geomagnetic field. This requirement was also met by considering the temperature dependence of measurements by the bifilar apparatus in determining the absolute values of horizontal intensity. Revealing the historical observations of the geomagnetic field can serve as a valuable material for studying the space weather in the past and may also contribute to the refinement of global field modelling.
Depositional age, provenance, and palaeoenvironment of the Lower Permian mudstones in the Qiangtang Basin, Tibet: Evidence from geochronology and geochemistry
Authors: Wang Zhongwei , Li Wangpeng , Wang Jian , Wei Hengye , Fu Xiugen , Song Chunyan , Zhan Wangzhong 
Published: December 2021

The geochronology of tuffaceous sandstone and elemental geochemistry of mudstones in the Lower Permian Zhanjin Formation (well QZ‐5) in the Central Qiangtang Basin were studied to determine their depositional age, provenance, tectonic setting, and depositional conditions. Twenty‐six synchronous igneous zircons from tuffaceous sandstone at 596.5 m have a weighted average U–Pb age of 292.5 ± 2.5 Ma, tentatively constraining the sedimentary age of the Zhanjin Formation to the Early Permian. Low SiO2/Al2O3 and Th/Sc ratios indicate a low sedimentary recycling and compositional maturity for the source area of the Zhanjin Formation mudstones. The low Al2O3/TiO2, moderate‐high Fe2O3/Al2O3, high TiO2/Fe2O3, low‐moderate TiO2/Zr, and moderate Co/Th ratios combined with post‐Archean Australian shale‐normalized rare earth element distributions imply that the provenance of the Zhanjin Formation mudstones was mainly from the mixed mafic and felsic sources that is composed of basalt and rhyolite exposed in the Central Qiangtang Basin. The tectonic discrimination plots, low Fe2O3/TiO2, (La/Ce)N, and high Al2O3/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3) ratios reveal that the studied mudstones mostly formed in rift settings, consistent with the geologic evolutionary history of the Early Permian Qiangtang Basin. Trace element ratios (V/Cr and Cu/Zn), enrichment factors (MoEF), and δCe values combined with sedimentary features indicate that almost all the studied mudstones were deposited in an open marine environment along the continental margin, and were associated with oxic and dysoxic water columns.