bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundance, distribution and substrate association of Hong Kong stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) in secondary forests
Authors: Leung Tsz Kin Calvin , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ecological studies conducted on lucanids in Asia are limited, resulting in considerable knowledge gaps in the fundamental ecology of these charismatic species (e.g. larval substrate associations), despite their potential importance in wood decomposition.
We conducted 25 transect surveys in secondary forest sites in Hong Kong and sampled wood parameters and site‐level wood availability data to test whether these habitat features significantly affected abundance or occurrence of lucanids.
Out of 412 wood fragments sampled, we found two species: Prosopocoilus oweni was broadly distributed across sites (but still uncommon at the level of wood fragments occurring in 6.07%) while Nigidius sinicus was comparatively rarer (occurring in 0.73% of examined wood fragments). The dominant species P. oweni was more likely to appear in wood fragments in later decay stages and can be classified as a secondary forest generalist with respect to wood resource utilisation. The surveys failed to detect four additional lucanid species known in Hong Kong (Neolucanus sinicus, E. gracilis, P. biplagiatus, and Aegus chelifer) potentially because of their rarity or usage of other habitats or microhabitats.
Protection of existing secondary forests in Hong Kong is recommended to secure supply of suitable habitat and resources. Results obtained by standardised surveys can furthermore serve as a baseline for future assessment of lucanid population change. This study provides ecological insights into lucanids within secondary forest ecosystems of subtropical and tropical Asia.
Two‐step ion‐exchanged soda lime silicate glass: Effect of surface compression on silver ion release
Authors: Talimian Ali , Nowicka Aleksandra , Kaňková Hana , Sani Gohar , Galusková Dagmar , Wondraczek Lothar , Galusek Dusan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough glass plays an important role in medical facilities such as countertops or interfaces of medical equipment, where chemical and mechanical durability is of great concern, less attention has been paid to developing durable anti‐microbial surfaces. In the present work, silver‐containing surfaces were produced by ion exchange in soda‐lime silicate float glass, and the effects of residual surface compression produced by ion‐exchange on the release of silver ions were investigated. Silver‐doped surfaces were prepared by a sequential two‐stage ion‐exchange process in pure potassium nitrate, at 450°C for 4‐24 hours, and subsequently in KNO3+ 1 wt% AgNO3, at 400°C for 10‐30 minutes. Silver ions were found to penetrate 3‐5 µm into the glass surface, causing only a limited decrease in surface compression induced by potassium ions. The silver‐rich layer provides the required Ag+ leaching essential for anti‐microbial applications, as confirmed by Ag+ ion leaching tests. The silver release can be altered by surface compression.
Is earlier obesity associated with poorer executive functioning later in childhood? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Creese Hanna‐Marie , Hope Steven , Christie Deborah , Goddings Anne‐Lise , Viner Russell 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundChildren affected with overweight or obesity have been associated with having lower educational achievement compared to peers who are non‐overweight/obese. One of the drivers of this association could be a link between obesity and poorer executive function. Evidence is limited to small, cross‐sectional studies which lack adjustment for important common causes.ObjectiveWe investigate the association between weight status and executive function longitudinally in mid‐childhood, accounting for potential common causes.MethodsLinear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between weight status between 5 and 7 years and executive functioning at 11 years in members of the Millennium Cohort Study (n = 7739), accounting for a wide range of potential common causes. Age‐ and sex‐specific International Obesity Taskforce cut‐points for body mass index (BMI) were used. Executive function, including decision‐making, impulsivity and spatial working memory, was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.ResultsThere were no unadjusted associations between weight status and decision‐making or impulsivity. After adjustment for all potential common causes, there was a lack of consistent evidence to support an association between persistent obesity (including overweight) between 5 and 7 years and spatial working memory task at 11 years.ConclusionsWe found little evidence that poorer spatial working memory contributes to the association of children with obesity having lower educational achievement.
Assessing health disparities in foods and beverages served in early care and education programs across Georgia
Authors: Kear Kathryn , Stotz Sarah , Love Kim , Cox Ginnefer O. , Birch Leann L. , Cotwright Caree J. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundObesity disproportionately impacts children who are Black and Hispanic, those who live in rural communities and those who have low income. Predisposition to obesity early in life is profoundly impacted by feeding habits during the preschool years. The early care and education (ECE) setting impacts children's health by providing daily meals.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to identify whether or not health disparities in foods and beverages served in ECE programs in Georgia exist based on socioeconomic, demographic and geographic variables.MethodsA random sample was drawn from 3054 ECE programs across the state of Georgia. The likelihood of serving specific foods and beverages in ECE programs in the previous day was measured. Percentages and frequencies, logistic regressions, Spearman's rho and Odds ratio tests determined outcomes.ResultsA total of 974 surveys were returned. Data were stratified based on the income level of the participant families, race of enrolled children and geographic location of the ECE program. Disparities existed between programs based on race of enrolled children and geographic location. For example, although the odds of providing sweets increased by 0.6% as the percentage of Black children enrolled increased, the provision of healthier foods, such as the odds of providing fruits (P = .001), vegetables (P = .001) and protein (P = .001) also increased. However, after results were adjusted for covariates findings did not remain significant.ConclusionsFuture research focused on evaluating the foods and beverages provided in ECE programs and the relationship of how income, race and location are related may provide further understanding about the disproportionate childhood obesity rates in America.
Italian Nurses’ experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of internet posts
Authors: Fontanini Roberta , Visintini Erica , Rossettini Giacomo , Caruzzo Davide , Longhini Jessica , Palese Alvisa 
Published: March 2021

AimTo investigate the experience of Italian nurses during the first wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak by analysing professional social media posts.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 outbreak has overwhelmed health care institutions; as a consequence, nurses’ lives and psycho‐physical health have been affected.IntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic forced nurses to work in physically and psychologically stressful conditions impacting on their life.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study. All narratives (texts and videos) posted by nurses from the 23rd of February 2020 to the 3rd of May (from the start of the outbreak to the end of the first lockdown) were analysed and published on the five most popular Italian professional social media platforms. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines were followed.ResultsFive themes emerged from the 380 narratives explored: ‘Sharing what is happening within myself’; ‘Experiencing unprecedented working conditions’; ‘Experiencing a deep change’; ‘Failing to rehabilitate the image of nurses in society’; and ‘Do not abandon us’. Even though nurses appreciated the recognition of their communities, they still felt devalued and not recognized as professionals.DiscussionSeveral psychological, physical, social and professional implications emerged from nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite being highly praised, nurses perceived they had failed in rehabilitating the image of nurses in society.ConclusionThe experience of working during the COVID‐19 pandemic represented a traumatic event for nurses but it offered them personal and professional growth opportunities.Implications for nursing practice, nursing policy and health policySupporting nurses’ mental health is highly recommended, together with a cultural investment on nurses’ role recognition, and a zero‐tolerance policy towards violence and aggression towards nurses.
Factors associated with awake bruxism according to perceptions of parents/guardians and self‐reports of children
Authors: Leal Tiago Ribeiro , de Lima Larissa Chaves Morais , Neves Érick Tássio Barbosa , Arruda Maria Jacinta Arêa Leão Lopes Araújo , Perazzo Matheus França , Paiva Saul Martins , Serra‐Negra Júnia Maria , Ferreira Fernanda de Morais , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBruxism is a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles that has been associated with orofacial disorders and psychosocial factorsAimThe aim of this study was to investigate associations between possible awake bruxism (PAB) and family functioning, bullying, and dental caries in children 8‐10 years of age.DesignA school‐based study was conducted with 739 pairs of parents/guardians and children. The parents/guardians answered the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales for the establishment of family functioning. Information on bullying due to dental conditions was collected from the children. Dental caries in the children was evaluated using International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. A directed acyclic graph was used to define the theoretical model and select control factors. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by multivariate logistic regression for complex samples.ResultsConsidering the parental reports, fewer years of mother's schooling, a low family income, very flexible family adaptability, and cavitated dental caries were associated with PAB. The female sex, bullying, and orofacial dysfunction were associated with self‐reported PAB.ConclusionsTherefore, the factors associated with PAB differ according to the reports of parents/guardians or self‐reports of children. Healthcare providers should consider both reports for a more effective intervention addressing PAB.
Enhanced Nrf2 up‐regulation by extracellular basic pH in a human skin equivalent system
Authors: Park Gunhyuk , Moon Byeong Cheol , Oh Dal‐Seok , Kim Yong‐Ung , Park Moon‐Ki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtracellular basic pH regulates cellular processes in wounds, and consequently influenced wound healing. Oxidative defence system modulation in the skin helps heal wounds, inhibits skin ageing and improves the skin condition. Moreover, the role of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) in antioxidant systems has been reported in various skin models. However, the effects of extracellular basic pH on wound‐ or skin ageing‐related skin damage have not been examined. Thus, we investigated the antioxidant systems affected by extracellular basic pH in a 3D human skin equivalent system (3HSE). Extracellular basic pH decreased KGF expression and enhanced the oxidative defence system, and thus activated Nrf2 in the 3HSE. Additionally, extracellular basic pH and KGF treatment up‐regulated Nrf2 activation and its regulation of the oxidative defence system in the 3HSE. This indicates that Nrf2 up‐regulation is enhanced by reactive oxygen species production, rather than KGF, and by extracellular basic pH of the skin. The inhibition of skin damage through pH imbalance and KGF regulation suggests that the development of pH‐regulating or pH‐maintaining materials may provide effective therapeutic strategies for maintaining a healthy skin.
Observer agreement in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus using the proposed criteria of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Authors: Idrees Majdy , Farah Camile S. , Khurram Syed Ali , Firth Norman , Soluk‐Tekkesin Merva , Kujan Omar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory condition with an undefined malignant transformation potential. There have been many attempts at providing a specific definition of OLP without conclusive outcomes. A new set of diagnostic criteria was proposed in 2016 by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (AAOMP) in an endeavour to resolve this issue, and this has not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the utility of AAOMP proposed criteria for the diagnosis of OLP.MethodsFive pathologists blindly assessed a cohort of 215 digital whole slide images (WSI) obtained from haematoxylin and eosin‐stained microscopic slides. Forty‐six WSI were included twice to assess the intra‐observer agreement. Included cases were diagnosed clinically as either OLP or oral lichenoid reaction. Each pathologist was asked to utilize the AAOMP histopathological criteria while assessing slides. The variations in diagnoses were assessed by unweighted kappa statistics.ResultsThe level of intra‐observer agreement was very good (0.801 to 0.899). The level of inter‐observer agreement among the observers varied from good (0.658) to very good (0.842) when the responses were categorized as evident/compatible OLP versus no OLP and was good (0.62 to 0.725) when the responses were categorized as evident OLP, versus compatible OLP, versus no OLP. The clinico‐pathological correlation was 87.6%.ConclusionA reliable level of agreement can be achieved by pathologists for the diagnosis of OLP using the AAOMP criteria for differentiation between lichenoid and other conditions. There are still limitations in discriminating OLP from oral lichenoid lesions microscopically.
Different applications forms of green tea (Camelliasinensis (L.) Kuntze) for the treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Melo Jéssica G. A. , Sousa Jossaria P. , Firmino Ramon T. , Matins Carolina C. , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia , Nonaka Cassiano F. W. , Costa Edja M. M. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundScaling and root planning (SRP) is the gold standard for non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Green tea as a supporting alternative in non‐surgical periodontal treatment has been suggested as a therapeutic option in the treatment of periodontitis.ObjectiveTo analyse the comparative effectiveness of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in its different forms and applications for the treatment of periodontitis.MethodsWe included randomized clinical trials evaluating green tea as an adjuvant therapeutic agent to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis. For the meta‐analysis, we calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95%CI comparing green tea and control (only SRP). We subgrouped by types of application forms of green tea. The certainty of the evidence was assessed through GRADE.ResultsNine studies were included. The follow‐up time of treatments varied from 21 days to 6 months. The subgroup meta‐analysis showed that the green tea as sachet reduced probing bleeding (SMD = −0.71; 95%CI) and the gingival index (SMD = −0.78; 95%CI) compared to SRP with very low certainty of evidence. The sachet (SMD = −0.29; 95%CI) and dentifrice (SMD = −1.31; 95%CI) reduced plaque index with very low certainty compared to the control. All forms of application of green tea showed very low certainty of evidence (SMD = −0.27; 95% CI) in reducing the probing depth, as well as for the loss of clinical insertion (SMD = −0.42; 95% CI) with low certainty of evidence.ConclusionThere was not a difference in the effectiveness of green tea isolated or in combination with SRP to reduce probing depth. Green tea adjunct to periodontal therapy showed very low certainty of effectiveness for the treatment of periodontal disease.
Telomere length is highly heritable and independent of growth rate manipulated by temperature in field crickets
Authors: Boonekamp Jelle , Rodríguez‐Muñoz Rolando , Hopwood Paul , Zuidersma Erica , Mulder Ellis , Wilson Alastair , Verhulst Simon , Tregenza Tom 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany organisms are capable of growing faster than they do. Restrained growth rate has functionally been explained by negative effects on lifespan of accelerated growth. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Telomere attrition has been proposed as a causal agent and has been mostly studied in endothermic vertebrates. We established that telomeres exist as chromosomal‐ends in a model insect, the field cricket Gryllus campestris, using terminal restriction fragment and Bal 31 methods. Telomeres comprised TTAGGn repeats of 38 kb on average, more than four times longer than the telomeres of human infants. Bal 31 assays confirmed that telomeric repeats were located at the chromosome‐ends. We tested whether rapid growth between day 1, day 65, day 85, and day 125 is achieved at the expense of telomere length by comparing nymphs reared at 23°C with their siblings reared at 28°C, which grew three times faster in the initial 65 days. Surprisingly, neither temperature treatment nor age affected average telomere length. Concomitantly, the broad sense heritability of telomere length was remarkably high at ~100%. Despite high heritability, the evolvability (a mean‐standardized measure of genetic variance) was low relative to that of body mass. We discuss our findings in the context of telomere evolution. Some important features of vertebrate telomere biology are evident in an insect species dating back to the Triassic. The apparent lack of an effect of growth rate on telomere length is puzzling, suggesting strong telomere length maintenance during the growth phase. Whether such maintenance of telomere length is adaptive remains elusive and requires further study investigating the links with fitness in the wild.
Detection and characteristics of rumination syndrome in patients presenting for gastric symptom evaluation
Authors: Murray Helen Burton , Pasricha Trisha S. , Jehangir Asad , Thomas Jennifer J. , Kuo Braden , Parkman Henry P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRumination syndrome involves effortless, repeated regurgitation, and can overlap with other upper gastrointestinal disorders, including gastroparesis. To inform better diagnostic detection of rumination, we aimed to (1) identify frequency and characteristics of rumination in patients presenting for gastric symptom evaluation; and (2) assess demographic and clinical characteristics that could differentiate those with versus those without rumination.MethodsConsecutively referred patients to two tertiary academic centers for gastric symptom specialty evaluation were included (N= 242). We obtained demographic information, gastric emptying scintigraphy, upper gastrointestinal symptoms using the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms (PAGI‐SYM), and Rome IV‐based rumination questionnaire.Key ResultsThirty‐one of the 242 (12.8%) patients met criteria for rumination syndrome, of which 48% reported associated psychosocial impairment. Comparing those with rumination and those without, there were no differences in race, gender, frequency of diabetes, or frequency of gastroparesis. The median PAGI‐SYM score for rumination patients was higher than for those without (3.03 vs. 2.55; unadjustedp= 0.043, adjustedp= 0.30). This was largely driven by increased heartburn/regurgitation subscale scores (2.71 vs. 1.57, unadjustedp= 0.0067, adjustedp= 0.046), itself influenced by elevated daytime regurgitation/reflux (3.0 vs. 2.0; unadjustedp= 0.007, adjustedp= 0.048). There were no significant differences on the remaining PAGI‐SYM subscales.Conclusions and InferencesRumination syndrome determined by Rome IV criteria was present in 12.8% of patients presenting for gastric symptom evaluation. Higher self‐report PAGI‐SYM heartburn/regurgitation subscale scores, particularly daytime regurgitation/reflux symptoms, were the only parameters that distinguished rumination. The PAGI‐SYM heartburn/regurgitation subscale could be used to screen for rumination, in addition to GERDAQ6.
AtSTP8, an endoplasmic reticulum‐localised monosaccharide transporter from Arabidopsis, is recruited to the extrahaustorial membrane during powdery mildew infection
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Mengxue , Tan Liqiang , Huai Baoyu , Ma Xianfeng , Pan Qinglin , Zheng Peijing , Wen Yingqiang , Zhang Qiong , Zhao Qi , Kang Zhensheng , Xiao Shunyuan 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Biotrophic pathogens are believed to strategically manipulate sugar transport in host cells to enhance their access to carbohydrates. However, mechanisms of sugar translocation from host cells to biotrophic fungi such as powdery mildew across the plant–haustorium interface remain poorly understood.

To investigate this question, systematic subcellular localisation analysis was performed for all the 14 members of the monosaccharide sugar transporter protein (STP) family in Arabidopsis thaliana. The best candidate AtSTP8 was further characterised for its transport properties in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and potential role in powdery mildew infection by gene ablation and overexpression in Arabidopsis.

Our results showed that AtSTP8 was mainly localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and appeared to be recruited to the host‐derived extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) induced by powdery mildew. Functional complementation assays in S. cerevisiae suggested that AtSTP8 can transport a broad spectrum of hexose substrates. Moreover, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtSTP8 showed increased hexose concentration in leaf tissues and enhanced susceptibility to powdery mildew.

Our data suggested that the ER‐localised sugar transporter AtSTP8 may be recruited to the EHM where it may be involved in sugar acquisition by haustoria of powdery mildew from host cells in Arabidopsis.
Transaortic cryoablation of uncommon atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia after Senning and Rastelli operations
Authors: Toyohara Keiko , Kudo Yoshimichi , Nishimura Tomomi , Shoda Morio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 36‐years‐old woman with a congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries, who underwent Senning and Rastelli operations, was admitted with a symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. During an electrophysiological study, uncommon atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia was induced. The coronary veins and coronary sinus did not connect to the systemic venous atrium. The His bundle electrogram (HBE) was recorded at the anterior septum of the mitral valve via the aorta. The target of ablation was the site of the earliest atrial activation during the tachycardia, 5 mm posterior to the AV node, and a successful cryoablation was performed using a transaortic approach. Both the antegrade and retrograde conduction of the slow AV nodal pathway was eliminated.