bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different impacts of metabolic profiles on future risk of cardiovascular disease between diabetes with and without established cardiovascular disease: the Japan diabetes complication and its prevention prospective study 7 (JDCP study 7)
Authors: Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Katakami Naoto , Hayashino Yasuaki , Nishimura Rimei , Suzuki Hiroaki , Shimano Hitoshi , Yoshioka Narihito , Tajima Naoko , Yamasaki Yoshimitsu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims
Most risk calculators that predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) by baseline profiles are originally developed for primary prevention, but some studies applied the calculators to secondary prevention. We compared the impact of baseline profiles on the future CVD risk between patients with diabetes with and without a CVD history.

Methods
We analyzed a multicenter prospective cohort of 6338 Japanese patients with diabetes aged 40–74 years, including those with (n = 634) and without a CVD history (n = 5704). The future risk of CVD was investigated using the competing risk model, with adjustment for non-cardiovascular mortality.

Results
During the median follow-up of 6.9 years, 413 CVD events were observed. The 8-year cumulative incidence rates of CVD were 21.5% and 7.2% in patients with and without a CVD history, respectively. A higher systolic blood pressure and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were independently associated with a future CVD risk in patients without a CVD history (both P < 0.05), whereas they were not associated in those with a CVD history. The P values for interaction were 0.040 and 0.005, respectively. The male sex, an older age, a longer duration of diabetes, higher hemoglobin A1c levels, and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were common independent risk factors regardless of CVD history (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The prognostic impact of metabolic profiles on CVD risk would not be identical between patients with and without a CVD history, suggesting that it might be inappropriate to apply CVD risk calculators developed for primary prevention to patients with a CVD history.
Serum resistin is predictive marker of development of new digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Pellicano Chiara , Leodori Giorgia , Colalillo Amalia , Navarini Luca , Gigante Antonietta , Rosato Edoardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is autoimmune disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction and microvascular damage. Resistin has been implied in microvascular dysfunction. Objective of this study is to evaluate the association between baseline resistin and development of new digital ulcers (DUs) in SSc patients. At baseline, serum resistin has been assessed in 70 female SSc patients and 26 healthy controls (HC). In SSc patients, clinical assessment was performed at baseline and after a 52-weeks follow-up. Serum resistin level was increased in SSc patients compared to HC [5.89 ng/ml (2.5 ng/ml–8.1 ng/ml) vs 2.3 ng/ml (0.4 ng/ml–2.4 ng/ml), p = 0.0004)]. Resistin was lower (p = 0.005) in SSc patients with early capillaroscopic pattern than patients with active or late capillaroscopic pattern [2.49 ng/ml (0.89 ng/ml–5.81 ng/ml) vs 7.11 ng/ml (3.48 ng/ml–11.35 ng/ml) and 6.49 ng/ml (3.35 ng/ml–8.87 ng/ml), respectively]. After a 52-weeks follow-up, 34 (48.6%) patients developed new DUs. Median serum resistin was significantly higher in patients with new DUs than in patients without new DUs [6.54 ng/ml (3.35 ng/ml–11.02 ng/ml) vs 4.78 ng/ml (1.06 ng/ml–7.6 ng/ml), p = 0.019]. Kaplan–Meier curves show a significantly reduced free survival from DUs in patients with increased resistin (p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, resistin is associated with the development of new DUs. Increased serum resistin level is a predictive marker of new DUs in SSc.
Review of Mesoscale Wind-Farm Parametrizations and Their Applications
Authors: Fischereit Jana , Brown Roy , Larsén Xiaoli Guo , Badger Jake , Hawkes Graham 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the ongoing expansion of wind energy onshore and offshore, large-scale wind-farm-flow effects in a temporally- and spatially-heterogeneous atmosphere become increasingly relevant. Mesoscale models equipped with a wind-farm parametrization (WFP) can be used to study these effects. Here, we conduct a systematic literature review on the existing WFPs for mesoscale models, their applications and findings. In total, 10 different explicit WFPs have been identified. They differ in their description of the turbine-induced forces, and turbulence-kinetic-energy production. The WFPs have been validated for different target parameters through measurements and large-eddy simulations. The performance of the WFP depends considerably on the ability of the mesoscale model to simulate the background meteorological conditions correctly as well as on the model set-up. The different WFPs have been applied to both onshore and offshore environments around the world. Here, we summarize their findings regarding (1) the characterizations of wind-farm-flow effects, (2) the environmental impact of wind farms, and (3) the implication for wind-energy planning. Since wind-farm wakes can last for several tens of kilometres downstream depending on stability, surface roughness and terrain, neighbouring wind farms need to be taken into account for regional planning of wind energy. Their environmental impact is mostly confined to areas close to the farm. The review suggests future work should include benchmark-type validation studies with long-term measurements, further developments of mesoscale model physics and WFPs, and more interactions between the mesoscale and microscale community.
Bidirectional Turbulent Fluxes of Fog at a Subtropical Montane Cloud Forest Covering a Wide Size Range of Droplets
Authors: Baumberger Maiken , Breuer Bettina , Lai Yen-Jen , Gabyshev Dmitrii , Klemm Otto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSize-resolved turbulent fluxes of fog droplets are investigated above a subtropical montane cloud forest in Taiwan. By integrating an aerosol spectrometer into an eddy-covariance set-up, we measure droplet number fluxes and liquid water fluxes in a size range of aerosol particles and droplets with diameters ranging from 0.25 $${\upmu }\!\mathrm{m}$$

μ

m

to 17.3 $${\upmu }\!\mathrm{m}$$

μ

m

. We find two flux-direction changes within this size range: a downward flux occurs for accumulation-mode aerosols of diameters between 0.25 $${\upmu }\!\mathrm{m}$$

μ

m

and 0.83 $${\upmu }\!\mathrm{m}$$

μ

m

, an upward flux occurs for hydrated aerosols with diameters between 1.1 $${\upmu }\!\mathrm{m}$$

μ

m

and 2.4 $${\upmu }\!\mathrm{m}$$

μ

m

, and a downward flux occurs again for activated fog droplets between diameters of 3 $${\upmu }\!\mathrm{m}$$

μ

m

and 17.3 $${\upmu }\!\mathrm{m}$$

μ

m

. The droplet size distributions can be modelled by a trimodal log-normal distribution, and the modes correlate with the different flux directions. The formation of the three modes and the establishment of the respective flux directions can be explained by combining the Köhler theory on the basis of measured ion concentrations in fog with the turbulent transport of droplets. Finally, from the combined analysis of droplet fluxes and size distributions, we infer relevant processes of droplet development and dissolving during various phases of the life cycles of the fog events.
Fungal microbiota in seeds, seedlings and mature plants of raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.)
Authors: Wysoczański Wojciech , Węgrzyn Ewa , Lembicz Marlena , Jaroszewicz Bogdan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPresently, there is an intensive search for fungal endophytes to be used in agriculture for the protection and condition improvement of plants and in medicine. We screened for the presence of endophytes in raspberry, which occurs naturally in the Białowieża Forest. The fungal isolates representative of each morphotype were analysed using the molecular markers ITS1 and ITS2. In total, we found 34 taxa of endophytic fungi. The majority were potential pathogens. As many as 27 taxa were found in the leaves of mature plants. No fungi could be isolated from the surface sterilized seeds obtained from these plants. Seedlings were grown from the seeds deposited in the soil seed bank in the Białowieża Geobotanical Station of the University of Warsaw in Białowieża. 8 taxa of endophytic fungi were found in seedlings. It could be due to a possibility of seed infection with these endophytes in soil conditions.
Measuring Acceptance of Block-Based Coding Environments
Authors: Toma Radu Bogdan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of computational thinking skills is attracting attention worldwide. The use of visual or block-based coding in primary schools has gained momentum. Yet, students' acceptance of such coding environments has been neglected in the literature. This study presents a measurement instrument that will allow pursuing such an endeavor. The Technology Acceptance Model was used as a guiding framework. A panel of eight experts and a purposive sample of 315 elementary school students (Mage = 10.18 years, SD = 1.13) were recruited. Inter-rater agreement between experts (75–100%) confirmed the content validity of the items. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor solution of 12 items measuring perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes towards visual coding. Inspection of the correlation matrix provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Cronbach’s alpha (.75–.82), McDonald’s omega (.68–.83), and Spearman-Brown’s split-half coefficients (.67–.80) provided evidence of reliability. Overall, findings support the validity and reliability of the proposed instrument. Its use can shed light on students' acceptance of different block-based coding environments.
Biocompatibility testing of composite biomaterial designed for a new petal valve construction for pulsatile ventricular assist device
Authors: Major Roman , Gawlikowski Maciej , Plutecka Hanna , Surmiak Marcin , Kot Marcin , Dyner Marcin , Lackner Juergen M. , Major Boguslaw 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of biocompatibility testing performed on several biomaterial variants for manufacturing a newly designed petal valve intended for use in a pulsatile ventricular assist device or blood pump. Both physical vapor deposition (PVD) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were used to coat titanium-based substrates with hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:H) or amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H and a-C:H, N). Experiments were carried out using whole human blood under arterial shear stress conditions in a cone-plate analyzer (ap. 1800 1/s). In most cases, tested coatings showed good or very good haemocompatibility. Type a-C:H, N coating proved to be superior in terms of activation, risk of aggregation, and the effects of generating microparticles of apoptotic origin, and also demonstrated excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, a-C:H, N coatings were selected for further in vivo studies. In vivo animal studies were carried out according to the ISO 10993 standard. Intradermal reactivity was assessed in three rabbits and sub-acute toxicity and local effects after implantation were examined in 12 rabbits. Based on postmortem examination, no organ failure or wound tissue damage occurred during the required period of observation. In summary, our investigations demonstrated high biocompatibility of the biomaterials in relation to thrombogenicity, toxicity, and wound healing. Prototypes of the petal valves were manufactured and mounted on the pulsatile ventricular assist device. Hydrodynamic features and impact on red blood cells (hemolysis) as well as coagulation (systemic thrombogenicity) were assessed in whole blood.
The Gendered Relationship Between (Old and New Forms of) Employment Instability and Union Dissolution
Authors: Bastianelli Elena , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the relation between employment instability and union dissolution. To address the oversights of previous research, we disentangle the effect of employment instability on union dissolution by: (i) considering not only the effect of joblessness, but also the type of employment contract; (ii) evaluating both status and the accumulation of instability over the life course; and (iii) detecting gender differences. We focus on Italy, applying event-history techniques to the most recent Italian Multipurpose Survey “Families, social subjects and life cycle” of 2016, observing cohorts from 1950 to 1986. Our results suggest that the effect of employment instability on union dissolution is gender-specific: joblessness and limited-time employment are facilitators for men’s dissolution, while, for women, joblessness is an inhibitor for dissolution, and time-limited and permanent employment do not substantially differ. We also highlight the crucial role of the persistence of instability in unpacking the association between employment instability and union dissolution. This paper advances—for the first time for Italy, at least—that men’s time-limited employment arrangements negatively affect a couple’s stability.
A comparison of the influencing factors of chronic pain and quality of life between older Koreans and Korean–Americans with chronic pain: a correlational study
Authors: Chang Sun Ju , Kim Hee Jun , Juon Hee-Soon , Park Hyunjeong , Choi Seung Woo , Lee Kyung-eun , Ryu Hyunju 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic pain is one of the most common health problems for older adults worldwide and is likely to result in lower quality of life. Living in a different culture may also influence chronic pain and quality of life in older adults. The purpose of this study was to explore how multifaceted elements affect chronic pain and quality of life in older Koreans living in Korea and in older Korean–Americans (KAs) living in the USA.

Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis of data from 270 adults aged 65 years or over (138 Koreans and 132 KAs). We compared the effects of multifaceted elements on pain and quality of life by testing structural equation models (SEMs) for each group, using a maximum likelihood estimation and bootstrapping.

Results
SEMs for both Korean and KAs showed that age and depressive symptoms directly affected quality of life. The number of comorbidities and depressive symptoms had mediating effects on quality of life through chronic pain in both groups. In older Koreans only, perceived financial status directly affected quality of life. In older KAs only, sleep quality indirectly affected quality of life through chronic pain.

Conclusion
The data showed that multimorbidity and depressive symptoms play critical roles for explaining chronic pain in older Koreans and KAs and ultimately negatively influence quality of life. Future intervention program to improve quality of life in older adults with chronic pain should consider the different cultural aspects affecting quality of life for Koreans and KAs.
Influence of Public Engagement with Science on Scientific Information Literacy During the COVID‑19 Pandemic
Authors: Gu Chao , Feng Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, we are fighting not only the novel coronavirus, but also the “infodemic” induced by the pandemic. Therefore, it is urgent to explore approaches for enhancing individual immunity against science-related misinformation. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the relationship between public engagement with science (PES) and scientific information literacy (SIL) during the COVID-19 pandemic from college students (N = 8075) in China. The results showed that there was a significant difference between attitudes toward and activities of PES. More importantly, both PES activities and PES attitudes were found positively associated with SIL, especially the PES attitudes. The empirical study is significant in demonstrating the predictive effect of PES on individual ability to recognize science-related misinformation, which is crucial for mitigating harm from the “infodemic.” Our study indicated that other than a science communication model in order to restore public trust in science, PES is promising to be incorporated into informal science education to facilitate individual SIL.
A Multi-scale Contact Temperature Model for Dry Sliding Rough Surfaces
Authors: Choudhry Jamal , Almqvist Andreas , Larsson Roland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA multi-scale flash temperature model has been developed and validated against existing work. The core strength of the proposed model is that it can be adapted to predict flash contact temperatures occurring in various types of sliding systems. In this paper, it is used to investigate how different surface roughness parameters affect the flash temperatures. The results show that for decreasing Hurst exponents as well as increasing values of the high-frequency cut-off, the maximum flash temperature increases. It was also shown that the effect of surface roughness does not influence the average interface temperature. The model predictions were validated against data from an experiment conducted in a pin-on-disc machine. This also showed the importance of including a wear model when simulating flash temperature development in a sliding system.
The impact of different tree planting strategies on ecosystem services and disservices in the piazzas of a northern Italian city
Authors: Speak A. F. , Montagnani L. , Solly H. , Wellstein C. , Zerbe S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAchieving urban sustainability goals, and improving the quality of life in cities, are aided by the careful selection of tree species for public green spaces. Numerous trade-offs and synergies are necessary to consider when selecting tree species for successful public green spaces and there is little data on effective species mixes. In this transdisciplinary research we consider the relative impacts of nine different tree planting scenarios, as modelled with i-Tree, in three piazzas of Bolzano, North Italy. The scenarios consider the opinions of the general public gathered from focused workshops and data collected via a purposefully created smartphone application in addition to data from local urban tree inventories. Shade provision and aesthetics were the primary factors that influenced citizen tree preferences. Scenarios which included larger tree species generally performed the best due to the greater provision of ecosystem services that arises with larger tree dimensions. Ecosystem disservices also increase with larger trees but can be minimised by careful species selection. Public participation in the planning of urban green spaces can be a beneficial activity which ensures new planning outputs will be well-received whilst providing opportunities for education of citizens about the multiple ecosystem services and disservices in urban contexts. Model outputs revealed that different tree species choices can have greatly different impacts in terms of ecosystem service and disservice provision.
Targeting Cellular DNA Damage Responses in Cancer: An In Vitro-Calibrated Agent-Based Model Simulating Monolayer and Spheroid Treatment Responses to ATR-Inhibiting Drugs
Authors: Hamis Sara , Yates James , Chaplain Mark A. J. , Powathil Gibin G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe combine a systems pharmacology approach with an agent-based modelling approach to simulate LoVo cells subjected to AZD6738, an ATR (ataxia–telangiectasia-mutated and rad3-related kinase) inhibiting anti-cancer drug that can hinder tumour proliferation by targeting cellular DNA damage responses. The agent-based model used in this study is governed by a set of empirically observable rules. By adjusting only the rules when moving between monolayer and multi-cellular tumour spheroid simulations, whilst keeping the fundamental mathematical model and parameters intact, the agent-based model is first parameterised by monolayer in vitro data and is thereafter used to simulate treatment responses in in vitro tumour spheroids subjected to dynamic drug delivery. Spheroid simulations are subsequently compared to in vivo data from xenografts in mice. The spheroid simulations are able to capture the dynamics of in vivo tumour growth and regression for approximately 8 days post-tumour injection. Translating quantitative information between in vitro and in vivo research remains a scientifically and financially challenging step in preclinical drug development processes. However, well-developed in silico tools can be used to facilitate this in vitro to in vivo translation, and in this article, we exemplify how data-driven, agent-based models can be used to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo research. We further highlight how agent-based models, that are currently underutilised in pharmaceutical contexts, can be used in preclinical drug development.
Wirtschaftsstatistik im Wandel – Wichtige gesetzliche Neuerungen in der 19. Legislaturperiode
Authors: Bork Christhart , Pannhorst Matthias , Weißenberger Martin 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie 19. Legislaturperiode neigt sich dem Ende, was Anlass dazu gibt, einen Rückblick auf die gesetzlichen Neuerungen in dieser Zeit im Bereich der Wirtschaftsstatistik vorzunehmen. Gerade die Corona-Krise hat einmal mehr gezeigt, wie wichtig moderne, zeitnah verfügbare und differenzierte Wirtschaftsstatistiken für die Wirtschaftspolitik sind. Dieser oft (zu) wenig beachtete Politikzweig entwickelt sich seit Jahren äußerst dynamisch. Getrieben von mehreren Großprojekten, die umfassende Reformen bestehender Statistikgesetzgebung anstießen, und stets geprägt von der sich rapide vollziehenden Digitalisierung der amtlichen Statistik waren die gesetzlichen Vorhaben in der Statistikgesetzgebung der 19. Legislaturperiode außergewöhnlich umfangreich und vielschichtig. In diesem Artikel wollen wir die einzelnen Vorhaben in den Blick nehmen und Kontext, Genese sowie besondere Herausforderungen kurz beschreiben.
Childhood traumatization and dissociative experiences among maladaptive and normal daydreamers in a Hungarian sample
Authors: Sándor Alexandra , Bugán Antal , Nagy Attila , Nagy Nikolett , Tóth-Merza Katalin , Molnár Judit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify some potential etiological segments of maladaptive daydreaming, especially the relationships between maladaptive daydreaming, childhood traumatization, and dissociative propensity. The questionnaire package included the Hungarian version of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale, the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire, as well as the Dissociation Questionnaire. 717 participants were recruited online, 106 of whom were problematic daydreamers. The results revealed that certain types of childhood trauma occurred significantly more frequently in the group of maladaptive daydreamers. Furthermore, maladaptive daydreamers possessed a significantly higher level of dissociative propensity compared to normal daydreamers. The estimated SEM models showed that dissociative experiences - more precisely Identity confusion and fragmentation and Lack of control – mediated the relationship between certain childhood traumatic experiences and maladaptive daydreaming. The results suggest that we should consider childhood traumatization and increased dissociative propensity as potentially significant factors in the etiology of maladaptive daydreaming.