bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D-Volume Rendering of the Pelvis with Emphasis on Paraurethral Structures Based on MRI Scans and Comparisons between 3D Slicer and OsiriX®
Authors: Durnea C. M. , Siddiqi S. , Nazarian D. , Munneke G. , Sedgwick P. M. , Doumouchtsis S. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe feasibility of rendering three dimensional (3D) pelvic models of vaginal, urethral and paraurethral lesions from 2D MRI has been demonstrated previously. To quantitatively compare 3D models using two different image processing applications: 3D Slicer and OsiriX. Secondary analysis and processing of five MRI scan based image sets from female patients aged 29–43 years old with vaginal or paraurethral lesions. Cross sectional image sets were used to create 3D models of the pelvic structures with 3D Slicer and OsiriX image processing applications. The linear dimensions of the models created using the two different methods were compared using Bland-Altman plots. The comparisons demonstrated good agreement between measurements from the two applications. The two data sets obtained from different image processing methods demonstrated good agreement. Both 3D Slicer and OsiriX can be used interchangeably and produce almost similar results. The clinical role of this investigation modality remains to be further evaluated.
The poetics of vulnerability: creative writing among young adults in treatment for psychosis in light of Ricoeur’s and Kristeva’s philosophy of language and subjectivity
Authors: Synnes Oddgeir , Romm Kristin Lie , Bondevik Hilde 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the application of creative writing in the treatment of mental illness. Nonpharmacological approaches have shown that access to poetic, creative language can allow for the verbalisation of illness experiences, as well as for self-expressions that can include other facets of the subject outside of the disease. In particular, creative writing in a safe group context has proven to be of particular importance. In this article, we present a pilot on a creative writing group for young adults in treatment for psychosis. We set the texts and experiences from the writing group in dialogue with Paul Ricoeur’s and Julia Kristeva’s philosophies onpoetic languageas meaning making and part of subject formation. The focus is on language as materiality and potentiality and on the patient’s inherent linguistic resources as founded in a group dynamic. As a whole, the project seeks to give an increased theoretical and empirical understanding of the potentiality of language and creativity for healing experiences, participation and meaning-making processes among vulnerable people. Furthermore, a practice founded in poetic language might critically address both the general and biomedical understanding of the subject and disease.
Oxygen Removal from a Hydrocarbon Containing Gas Stream by Plasma Catalysis
Authors: Urbanietz T. , Stewig C. , Böke M. , von Keudell A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydrocarbon exhaust gases containing residual amounts of oxygen may pose challenges for their conversion into value added chemicals downstream, because oxygen may affect the process. This could be avoided by plasma treating the exhaust to convert $$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

in presence of hydrocarbons into CO or $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

on demand. The underlying reaction mechanisms of plasma conversion of $$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

in the presence of hydrocarbons are analysed in a model experiment using a radio frequency atmospheric pressure helium plasma in a plug flow design with admixtures of $$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

and of $$\hbox {CH}_4$$

CH
4

. The plasma process is analysed with infrared absorption spectroscopy to monitor $$\hbox {CH}_4$$

CH
4

as well as the reaction products CO, $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

and $$\hbox {H}_2$$

H
2

O. It is shown that the plasma reaction for oxygen (or methane removal) is triggered by the formation of oxygen atoms from $$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

by electron. Oxygen atoms are efficiently converted into CO, $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

and $$\hbox {H}_2$$

H
2

O with CO being an intermediate in that reaction sequence. However, at very high oxygen admixtures to the gas stream, the conversion efficiency saturates because electron induced $$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

dissociation in the plasma seems to be counterbalanced by a reduction of the efficiency of electron heating at high admixtures of $$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

.
The impact of a typical industrial manganese oxide catalyst is evaluated for methane conversion. It is shown that the conversion efficiency is enhanced by 15–20% already at temperatures of 430 K.
Topological Data Analysis Approaches to Uncovering the Timing of Ring Structure Onset in Filamentous Networks
Authors: Ciocanel Maria-Veronica , Juenemann Riley , Dawes Adriana T. , McKinley Scott A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn developmental biology as well as in other biological systems, emerging structure and organization can be captured using time-series data of protein locations. In analyzing this time-dependent data, it is a common challenge not only to determine whether topological features emerge, but also to identify the timing of their formation. For instance, in most cells, actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins and organize into polymer networks and higher-order structures. Ring channels are examples of such structures that maintain constant diameters over time and play key roles in processes such as cell division, development, and wound healing. Given the limitations in studying interactions of actin with myosin in vivo, we generate time-series data of protein polymer interactions in cells using complex agent-based models. Since the data has a filamentous structure, we propose sampling along the actin filaments and analyzing the topological structure of the resulting point cloud at each time. Building on existing tools from persistent homology, we develop a topological data analysis (TDA) method that assesses effective ring generation in this dynamic data. This method connects topological features through time in a path that corresponds to emergence of organization in the data. In this work, we also propose methods for assessing whether the topological features of interest are significant and thus whether they contribute to the formation of an emerging hole (ring channel) in the simulated protein interactions. In particular, we use the MEDYAN simulation platform to show that this technique can distinguish between the actin cytoskeleton organization resulting from distinct motor protein binding parameters.
Resistance performance of four principal apple cultivars to woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Pemphigidae), by simulated seasonal temperature in northern China
Authors: Tan Xiu-Mei , Yang Zhuo-Shi , Zhou Hao , Yang Qin-Min , Zhou Hong-Xu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWoolly apple aphid (WAA),Eriosoma lanigerum(Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Pemphigidae), is a worldwide quarantine pest of apples. Understanding the resistance mechanism of various cultivars to WAA is important for the selection for durable resistance. Few studies have examined the resistance of different apple cultivars to WAA in China; among common varieties produced in China, Red Fuji is highly sensitive to WAA. In this study, the resistance to WAA of Red Fuji and three other common cultivars—Starkrimson, Jonagold, and Ralls Genet—was assessed based on the developmental and reproductive biological characteristics of aphids, assessed under four fixed temperatures: 20, 25, 30, and 35 ℃. We found the optimal temperature for WAA growth and reproduction to be 20–25 ℃, at which temperature, aphids on Red Fuji showed the highest rate of reproduction, the highest number of colonies, and the greatest area covered by aphid colonies among the four cultivars. These attributes of WAA were significantly higher at 20–25 ℃ than at 30 ℃. On Red Fuji, the most favorable variety, WAA showed its highest net reproductive rate (127.3 ± 13.3), intrinsic growth rate (0.30 ± 0.01), highest growth rate of the colony area (1.35 ± 0.02), and the lowest average generation time (16.1 ± 0.8 day) at 25 ℃. The aphids inoculated onto the four tested cultivars all died within 1 week at 35 ℃. Overall, Red Fuji was highly susceptible, while Starkrimson, Jonagold, and Ralls Genet were partially resistant.
Recognize fish as food in policy discourse and development funding
Authors: Bennett Abigail , Basurto Xavier , Virdin John , Lin Xinyan , Betances Samantha J. , Smith Martin D. , Allison Edward H. , Best Barbara A. , Brownell Kelly D. , Campbell Lisa M. , Golden Christopher D. , Havice Elizabeth , Hicks Christina C. , Jacques Peter J. , Kleisner Kristin , Lindquist Niels , Lobo Rafaella , Murray Grant D. , Nowlin Michelle , Patil Pawan G. , Rader Douglas N. , Roady Stephen E. , Thilsted Shakuntala H. , Zoubek Sarah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe international development community is off-track from meeting targets for alleviating global malnutrition. Meanwhile, there is growing consensus across scientific disciplines that fish plays a crucial role in food and nutrition security. However, this ‘fish as food’ perspective has yet to translate into policy and development funding priorities. We argue that the traditional framing of fish as a natural resource emphasizes economic development and biodiversity conservation objectives, whereas situating fish within a food systems perspective can lead to innovative policies and investments that promote nutrition-sensitive and socially equitable capture fisheries and aquaculture. This paper highlights four pillars of research needs and policy directions toward this end. Ultimately, recognizing and working to enhance the role of fish in alleviating hunger and malnutrition can provide an additional long-term development incentive, beyond revenue generation and biodiversity conservation, for governments, international development organizations, and society more broadly to invest in the sustainability of capture fisheries and aquaculture.
Fishers’ knowledge detects ecological decay in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Veneroni Benedetta , Fernandes Paul G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Northern Adriatic Sea (NAS) is one of the most overexploited marine ecosystems in Europe. Given the gaps in scientific knowledge regarding the NAS, this study sought Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge (FEK) to determine NAS’ historical baselines for conservation. By interviewing 53 fishers in three ports of northern Italy, estimates of the catch rates of four commercial demersal species were generated over a 60-year period, and perceptions of target and non-target species’ diversity and benthic diversity were analysed in three groups of fishers (i.e. novices, experienced and veterans). Results showed a significant decline in perceived abundance of sole (Solea solea),common cuttlefish(Sepia officinalis)and mantis shrimp(Squilla mantis), and evidence was found of a Shifting Baseline Syndrome (SBS) among novices. Given FEK’s ability to complement scientific knowledge, fishers’ participation in marine management policies and intergenerational communication should be enhanced, to improve the status of marine ecosystems and hinder SBS.
Electrospinning of Flexible Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MXene Nanofiber-Based Humidity Sensor Self-Powered by Monolayer Molybdenum Diselenide Piezoelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Wang Dongyue , Zhang Dongzhi , Li Peng , Yang Zhimin , Mi Qian , Yu Liandong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional material has been widely investigated for potential applications in sensor and flexible electronics. In this work, a self-powered flexible humidity sensing device based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/Ti3C2Tx (PVA/MXene) nanofibers film and monolayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) was reported for the first time. The monolayer MoSe2-based PENG was fabricated by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition techniques, which can generate a peak output of 35 mV and a power density of 42 mW m−2. The flexible PENG integrated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate can harvest energy generated by different parts of human body and exhibit great application prospects in wearable devices. The electrospinned PVA/MXene nanofiber-based humidity sensor with flexible PET substrate under the driven of monolayer MoSe2 PENG, shows high response of ∼40, fast response/recovery time of 0.9/6.3 s, low hysteresis of 1.8% and excellent repeatability. The self-powered flexible humidity sensor yields the capability of detecting human skin moisture and ambient humidity. This work provides a pathway to explore the high-performance humidity sensor integrated with PENG for the self-powered flexible electronic devices.
Ramularia leaf spot disease of barley is highly host genotype-dependent and suppressed by continuous drought stress in the field
Authors: Hoheneder Felix , Hofer Katharina , Groth Jennifer , Herz Markus , Heß Michael , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the 1980s, Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) is an emerging barley disease worldwide. The control of RLS is increasingly aggravated by a recent decline in fungicide efficacy and a lack of RLS-resistant cultivars. Furthermore, climate change increases drought periods in Europe, enhances variable weather conditions, and thus will have an impact on severity of plant diseases. Hence, identification of RLS-resistant cultivars and understanding of disease progression under abiotic stress are important aims in integrated disease management under climate change. In the present study, we evaluated quantitative RLS resistance of 15 spring barley genotypes under drought, controlled irrigation and field conditions between 2016 and 2019 and monitored microclimatic conditions within the canopy. We identified genotypes that show robust quantitative resistance to RLS in different field environments. Our findings suggest that long-lasting drought periods create unfavourable conditions for the disease and supports that the extent and duration of leaf wetness is a key factor for RLS epidemics.
Changes in the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation by Resting-State Functional MRI
Authors: Yubo Ma , Lianjia Huang , Cuiping Mao , Liandong Zhang , Le Liu , Meijuan Shi , Ziming Wang , Xintao Hu , Jun Zhao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Dapoxetine is considered a first-line treatment for patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (PE), and current researches have showed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that patients with lifelong PE might have abnormal brain function, but differences in brain function before and after administration have not been reported.

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine some objective differences in brain function between patients with lifelong PE before and after administration and healthy individuals.

Methods
In this study, 17 patients with lifelong PE and 11 healthy controls underwent clinical assessments and resting-state fMRI examination. After 4 weeks of treatment with dapoxetine 30 mg as needed, patients with PE underwent the same fMRI examination again 3 hours after dapoxetine administration.

Main Outcome Measure
The data were preprocessed using a data processing assistant for resting-state fMRI, and voxelwise amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) maps was calculated to identify abnormal neural activity in the brain.

Results
(a) The ALFF of patients with PE was significantly lower in the bilateral hippocampus and thalamus and higher in the left fusiform and lingual gyrus than that of healthy controls; (b) decreased and increased ALFF in patients with PE recovered after dapoxetine administration.

Conclusion
We preliminarily identified the relevant sites by analyzing changes in the ALFF in patients with lifelong PE. Analyzing ALFF changes in the brain by resting-state fMRI is an effective method to study PE, and it might provide a reference for disease diagnosis and future research.
The event data management problem: getting the most from network detection and response
Authors: Udipi Sudhir 
Published: January 2021

Detecting cyberthreats has become a big data management challenge. Threat actors employ advanced strategies to hide in hard-to-find places on your network. In order to detect these threats, you must consolidate data from your entire IT environment and analyse it. Many organisations already collect data from multiple sources but still have blind spots in their environment where they don’t have visibility. It's time to fill those gaps, argues Sudhir Udipi of Securonix. Detecting cyber security threats has become a big data management challenge. Threat actors employ advanced strategies to hide in hard-to-find places on your network. In order to detect these threats, you must consolidate data from your entire IT environment and analyse it. Many organisations already collect data from multiple sources but still have blind spots in their environment where they don’t have visibility.
Dynamics and Control of a Novel Microrobot with High Maneuverability
Authors: Esfandbod Alireza , Nejat Pishkenari Hossein , Meghdari Ali 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYIn this study, we introduce a novel three-dimensional micro-scale robot capable of swimming in low Reynolds number. The proposed robot consists of three rotating disks linked via three perpendicular adjustable rods, actuated by three rotary and three linear motors, respectively. The robot mechanism has an important property which makes it superior to the previously designed micro swimmers. In fact, our goal is designing a micro swimmer which its controllability matrix has full rank and hence it will be capable to perform any desired maneuver in space. After introducing the mechanism and derivation of the dynamical equations of motion, we propose a control method to steer the robot to the desired position and orientation in the presence of external disturbances in the low Reynolds number flow. Simulation results confirm the successful performance of the proposed mechanism and employed control method demonstrating high maneuverability of microrobot.
Hospital Policies: Enforcement Equals Endorsement
Authors: Greenlaw Jane 
Published: January 2021

The formal role that nurses play in an institution's policy-making varies widely depending upon the institution. But regardless of their formal role, and whether they realize it or not, nurses are influencing policy-making every day by carrying out their nursing responsibilities. A nurse's influence may be positive or negative, depending upon her awareness.Hospitals, like other large institutions, have many policies (both written and unwritten) designed to facilitate the smooth running of “business.” Since the major part of hospital business is caring for patients, most hospital policies have at least some effect upon its patients. For the purpose of discussing the nurse's role in policy-making, hospital policies which have an impact upon patient care may be divided into four categories: 1) patient care policies; 2) administrative policies; 3) business policies; and 4) “rules.”
Moral Integrity for Nurses
Authors: Shelp Earl E. , Ternes Clara 
Published: January 2021

Concern for one's moral integrity is often a part of discussions about moral conflicts in health care. The presumption is that moral integrity is good, even though the full meaning of the concept and its relative worth are not completely understood.The word “integrity” comes from the Latin integritas, which referred to a state of completeness or wholeness and a quality of purity. The subject of integritas included all of life. More recent understandings of integrity are limited in scope to specific areas of life, though the early meaning of an unimpaired condition has survived. But the scope of integrity is commonly limited to a firm adherence to a code of moral standards.
Confidentiality — The Psychotherapist's Nemesis
Authors: Greenlaw Jane 
Published: January 2021

This case concerns a new strand to an old yarn, the eternal triangle. It is new in that in addition to the usual cast, le mari, la femme, et l'amant (the husband, the wife, and the lover), new characters, the husband's “psychiatric team,” have been joined as parties. In fact, the “team” has been sued for the injuries inflicted on l'amant by le mari.This is the first paragraph of a recent opinion by the Court of Special Appeals of Maryland entitled Shaw v. Glickman. The case is noteworthy not because of its racy facts, but because it stimulates further discussion of an important issue — the duty of a psychotherapist to reveal confidential information about a patient to protect the public or a specific individual.
The Role of the Legal System in the Cesarean Childbirth Controversy
Authors: Miller Judy 
Published: January 2021

The threefold increase in the cesarean birth rate in the United States during the last ten years has caused much concern among the general public and some medical professionals. Nurses particularly have shared this concern as the scope of nursing practice has expanded and nurses increasingly see themselves as patient advocates. Obviously, not all cesarean births are unwarranted. The procedure may be indicated if there is maternal or fetal risk during labor, if attempted induction of labor fails, and/or if an emergency mandates immediate delivery which is not possible or suitable vaginally.A recent review of over 1,000 U.S. and foreign research articles cites three general reasons for the increasing cesarean birth rate: use of the operation for breech presentations and for repeat sections; the need for early intervention due to fetal distress as determined by the increasing use of fetal monitoring; and physicians' fear of malpractice suits. The first two reasons are matters of medical controversy.
Enforcing Professional Standards
Authors: Greenlaw Jane 
Published: January 2021

The medical-surgical instructor was appalled when she learned that one of her students had volunteered to perform a complex wound irrigation — a procedure in which the student was thus far untrained. Throughout the semester the student had required extra supervision and guidance, and despite this her performance had been marginal at best. Written assignments were disorganized, incomplete, and revealed poor grasp of theory, while clinical skills were consistently below acceptable levels.But the instructor was even more appalled when other faculty members opposed her decision to give the student a failing clinical grade. “Too harsh,” they said. “Give the poor kid a break.” The instructor followed her own judgment and conscience and failed the student, but never received any support for her decision from the school's administration or faculty. Some time later, in talking with faculty from other schools, the instructor learned that her experience was not unique. Others had similar problems: resistance to failing and even not-so-subtle pressures to pass students whose performance the instructor deemed to be substandard.
Dealing with Controversy, Part I: Nursing Grows Up
Authors: Greenlaw Jane 
Published: January 2021

At a small community hospital, nurses are concerned about what they believe to be questionable medical care of one of the patients. The nurses frequently discuss the matter among themselves, but none of them approaches the patient's attending physician or the hospital administration.At a large university school of nursing, a faculty member vehemently disagrees with opinions expressed in an article published in a widely circulated nursing journal. The faculty member writes a one-sentence letter to the journal's editors, cancelling her subscription.And at a conference on legal aspects of nursing, a speaker discusses the entry into practice issue, including, of course, the 1985 proposal. There is very little audience discussion of this issue, although ample time has been allotted. Yet the written conference evaluations, filled out by the attendees, reveal that many of the nurses in the audience reacted strongly to the content. “What does the 1985 proposal have to do with nursing and the law?” wrote one nurse. “The 1985 discussion ruined the whole conference for me,” wrote another.