bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography
Authors: Bhardwaj Arun M. , Trehan Kamal K. , Sharma Vishwas 
Published: November 2021

Aim:
Laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) for Common bile duct (CBD) stones with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an alternative to open CBD exploration, in patients with failed endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). It is being performed at few centres with adequate surgical expertise. Herein, we present our experience of LCBDE with LC over a period of 10 years.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data of 121 consecutive patients was performed from February 2010 to November 2019, who underwent LC and LCBDE by choledochotomy in a single surgical unit. These included all patients with failed pre-operative ERCP.

Results:
Out of 121 patients, LCBDE successfully cleared the CBD in 118, and three patients were converted to open surgery. All these patients underwent choledochotomy for adequate exploration of CBD. T-tube closure of CBD was performed in 103 patients and removed after a mean of 14.6 ± 2.4 days. Primary closure was performed in 15 patients. The mean hospital stay post-procedure was 3.4 ± 0.7 days. Complete ductal clearance was achieved in 115 patients, and residual stone fragments reported in three patients were removed by ERCP. None of the patients experienced biliary peritonitis, biliary fistula, pancreatitis or cholangitis. There was no 30-day mortality and no recurrent stones reported with a mean follow-up of 12.4 ± 3.9 months.

Conclusion:
With adequate surgical expertise, LCBDE is a feasible alternative to open surgery for CBD stones after failed ERCP with early recovery and low morbidity.
A multicenter study of clinical and biochemical profiles, treatments, and short-term outcomes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection from Western India
Authors: Mehta Rachit , Joshi Vinay H , Joshi Preetha , Bhondve Amit , Otiv Madhu , Udani Soonu , Mohite Mahesh , Sarang Bhakti U , Andankar Parmanand , Bagade Abhijit , Sadawarte Sameer , Lad Sagar Sharad , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Dhongade Ashish Ramchadra 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This study was conducted to study epidemiology, clinical profile, treatment strategies associated in children MIS-C in two cities in Western India.

Subjects and Methods:
This is a retrospective, observational study of children who fulfilled the criteria for MIS-C, admitted to eleven pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Western India during the first wave SARS-CoV-2 infection in India, between February 2020 and December 2020. Demographic and clinical data including laboratory parameters, treatment regimens, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Of the 234 children presenting with MIS-C, they were categorized into 3 clinical phenotypes: fever and hyperinflammation, Kawasaki disease (KD)-like, and shock with multisystem organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were elevated in all patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was used in 128 (54.7%), corticosteroids in 214 (91.45%), tocilizumab in 1 (0.4%), and remdesivir in 4 (1.7%). 95 (40.5%) children required vasopressors and invasive mechanical ventilation was necessary in 26 (11.1%). Two hundred and twenty-nine patients were discharged home with median duration of PICU stay of 4 days and hospital stay of 7 days, and 5 (2.1%) patients died during treatment. Significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay was observed in those who received both steroid and IVIG (P < 0.05) and also in the shock ± MODS group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Combination of steroid and IVIG for the treatment of MISC, especially with Shock and MODS reduce the duration of PICU stay than treated with steroid alone.
Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis in children
Authors: Parida Preetinanda , Agrawal Aman Kumar , Biswal Sebaranjan , Patnaik Sibabratta , Behera Chinmay Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Scrub typhus is being reported from different parts of India. Meningitis or meningoencephalitis among various neurological complication seen in scrub typhus is not uncommon. Delay in diagnosis may cause higher mortality without prompt treatment. The aim of the study was to describe the various manifestations of scrub typhus meningoencephalitis and their outcome from eastern part of India.

Subjects and Methods:
A prospective observational study of scrub meningoencephalitis was carried out at Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, between October 2018 and August 2020. The diagnosis was made based on the compatible clinical features, positive Scrub Ig M by ELISA and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (>5 cell/cmm), after excluding other causes of meningoencephalitis.

Results:
Twenty-seven (12.38%) cases of scrub meningoencephalitis were included in the study with male (66.6%) predominance. All had presented with fever of mean duration of 8.5 days of illness. Altered sensorium and seizure was observed in 70.5% and 62.9% of our patients along with two patients who had sixth cranial nerve palsy. Eschar was found in 25.9% of our children. The mean CSF cell count, protein and glucose were 25 cells/cmm,84.2 mg/dL and 62.9 mg/dL respectively with lymphocytosis in all cases. There was no mortality in this study.

Conclusion:
Meningoencephalitis is an important complication of scrub typhus in children. Unlike most viral encephalitis cases, it has a definite treatment with good outcome, if treated early.
Field Level Experiences in Delivering COVID-19-Related Services by Accredited Social Health Activists in a Block of Purba Bardhaman District, West Bengal
Authors: Gupta Sukanya , Samsuzzaman Md , Banerjee Niladri , Das Dilip Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Health-care workers at all levels are putting their best efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. In resource-poor country like India, the community health workers are given primary responsibility for prevention and control measures at the village level. Learning from their experiences and addressing constraints will ensure improved service delivery in the face of further waves of pandemic.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to explore the field level experiences of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), working in Bhatar block of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal, while delivering COVID-19 response services and to elicit the nature of constraints faced by them.

Materials and Methods:
This was a qualitative study with phenomenological approach conducted among ASHA workers from December 2020 to January 2021. Convenient sampling was done to select 8 participants for data collection by focused group discussion (FGD) using FGD guide. A total of four FGDs with 32 participants were conducted. Data were analyzed using thematic framework approach to identify codes and themes.

Results:
The experiences are presented under five broad themes and in subthemes. ASHAs were engaged in extensive work amidst various challenges, though they received ample support and cooperation from society and general administration. ASHAs faced issues with inadequate supply of protective equipment and were in need for refresher trainings. Events of social stigma and ostracizations had also surfaced. Limited financial incentives, increased susceptibility to COVID-19, and detachment from family were the main source of stress among ASHAs.

Conclusion:
The issues identified in this study can be addressed to further utilize ASHAs in delivering services in pandemic context.
A Prospective Interventional Study to Assess the Advantage of Premedication with Sublingual Nitroglycerin in Evaluation of Peripheral Vascular Disease with Computed Tomography Peripheral Angiography
Authors: Dhanalakshmi B. , Shijith K. P. , Sharma Prafull 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) administration on peripheral vessel diameter, the number of evaluable segments, image quality, and adverse effects in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) undergoing multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography.

Methods:
A prospective randomized comparative interventional study was conducted on 48 inpatients with clinical diagnosis of PVD. The study patients were divided into two groups: one which was premedicated with 5 mg of sublingual NTG (NTG group) and the other without the use of NTG. MDCT images were recorded after 5 min of drug administration. The 10 segments of upper-limb vessels and 15 segments of lower-limb vessels were evaluated for diameter (mm), intraluminal contrast opacification (Hounsfield unit), collaterals, and stenosis (%). The data were entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The NTG group showed a statistically significant increase in diameter of radial artery (P = 0.01), common femoral artery, and all arterial segments of lower limb (P<0.05). The intraluminal contrast attenuation was higher in all segments (P < 0.05) in lower limbs. Good and continuous visualization of collateral vessels in segments with > 50% stenosis or occlusion was seen in the NTG group than the non-NTG group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Sublingual NTG administration results in significant peripheral vessel dilatation, thus improving number of evaluable distal branches and collaterals with minimal side effects requiring no medical intervention. It helps increase the MDCT diagnostic accuracy and select appropriate treatment protocol.
The relationship between academic resilience and academic performance among pharmacy students
Authors: Abubakar Usman , Mohd Azli Nur Ain Shafiqah , Hashim Izzatil Aqmar , Adlin Kamarudin Nur Fatin , Abdul Latif Nur Ain Izzati , Mohamad Badaruddin Abdul Rahman , Zulkifli Razak Muhammad , Zaidan Nur Ain 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To evaluate academic resilience and investigate its relationship with academic performance among undergraduate pharmacy students.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduate pharmacy students in a public university in Malaysia using an adapted and pretested 16-item academic pharmacy resilience scale (APRS-16). Demographic and academic performance data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire from December 2019 and January 2020 and analysed using descriptive and inferential analyses.
Results: A total of 247 students completed the survey (response rate was 55.6%). Overall, the students had moderate academic resilience score (median: 59; interquartile range [IQR]: 37 – 80). Female students had significantly higher academic resilience score than males (60 [41 – 80] versus 56 [37 – 69]). Academic resilience score was higher among year one students (62 [42 – 74]) compared to year two (57.5 [37 – 80]), year three (59 [37 – 78]) and year four (58 [44 – 77]) students. There was a positive relationship between academic resilience score and students’ cumulative grade point average (CGPA) (r = 0.250) and GPA (r = 0.154).
Conclusion: Undergraduate pharmacy students have moderate academic resilience. Academic resilience varies based on gender and year of study, and it is significantly associated with academic performance.
Implementation of the Youth Guarantee Programme in Romania
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetare a Calităţii Vieţii al Academiei Române, Petrescu Claudia , Neguț Adriana ,   Institutul de Cercetare a Calităţii Vieţii al Academiei Române, Mihalache Flavius ,   Institutul de Cercetare a Calităţii Vieţii al Academiei Române
Published: November 2021

In 2014, European countries began implementing the Youth Guarantee Programme (YGP), one of the European Commission’s most important initiatives designed to combat the issue of youth unemployment. This led to a decrease in the number of young NEETs over the subsequent 6 years. Based on data concerning the extent and size of the NEETs phenomenon at the European level, the number of NEETs who benefit from various measures, and data regarding programmes for NEETs financed by ESF, this paper presents an overview of the YGP implementation in Romania during the 2014−2020 period. It does so by identifying the main challenges and barriers that prevented the achievement of the proposed results. In that regard, the main barriers in the implementation of YGP in Romania are related to the lack of coordination of measures between institutions; a lack of flexibility in registering young NEETs; low levels of partnership with local authorities, companies, and NGOs; delays in funding measures; and a lack of centralised monitoring data in order to provide a picture of progress and thus necessary improvement measures. Keywords: NEETs; rural; youth; employment; education; Youth Guarantee. ······ În 2014, statele europene au început să implementeze programul Garanția pentru Tineret, una dintre cele mai importante inițiative ale Comisiei Europene în domeniul șomajului în rândul tinerilor, ceea ce a dus la scăderea numărului tinerilor NEETs în următorii șase ani. Pornind de la date privind amploarea fenomenului NEETS la nivel european, numărul tinerilor NEETs care beneficiază de diferite măsuri și programele pentru NEETs finanțate prin Fondul Social European, lucrarea prezintă o privire de ansamblu asupra implementării Garanției pentru Tineret în România în perioada 2014−2020 și identifică principalele bariere și provocări care au împiedicat atingerea rezultatelor propuse. Dintrea cestea, menționăm lipsa de coordonare inter-instituțională, lipsa flexibilității în ceea ce privește înregistrarea tinerilor NEETs, nivelul redus al parteneriatelor între autorități publice, companii, ONG-uri, întârzieri în primirea finanțărilor, lipsa monitorizării centralizate în vederea determinării progresului și a măsurilor de îmbunătățire necesare. Cuvinte-cheie: NEETs; rural; tineri; ocupare; educație; Garanția pentru Tineret.
ESTIMATIVA DA ÁREA FOLIAR DE Myrcia variabilis Mart. ex DC. (MYRTACEAE)
Authors: Pace Salimena Juliana , Assunção de Castro Oliveira Julia , Duarte Coelho Adriane , Losada Gavilanes Manuel , Vilela Resende Luciane 
Published: November 2021

A espécie Myrcia variabilis (Myrtaceae) é nativa e endêmica do Brasil e pode ser encontrada em ambientes abertos, como o Cerrado, Campo Rupestre e em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica. A planta é conhecida popularmente como “goiabinha-do-campo-roxa” e é utilizada pelas comunidades tradicionais no tratamento de feridas e diarreias. Considerando-se o potencial medicinal da espécie, existe a necessidade de pesquisas básicas envolvendo aspectos relacionados à propagação, crescimento e desenvolvimento, tais como o estudo da área foliar. No entanto, há dificuldade para realizar esta mensuração devido a necessidade da aquisição de equipamentos de valor elevado e técnicas destrutivas. Métodos não destrutivos permitem acompanhar o crescimento da planta e oferecem precisão dos dados, preservando a integridade. O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar a área foliar de M. variabilis e estabelecer modelos matemáticos utilizando os parâmetros lineares dimensionais comprimento e largura. Foram coletadas 200 folhas de 10 espécimes de uma população de M. variabilis presentes em uma área de cerrado alterado, no Município de Lavras – MG. Após a coleta, as folhas foram escaneadas e analisadas para determinação das medidas lineares. Foi observado que o produto das medidas lineares comprimento e largura são suficientes para estimar a área foliar da espécie. O presente estudo contribui para o estudo da espécie M. variabilis, por eliminar os métodos destrutivos para estimar a área foliar. Além disso, o modelo linear demonstrou bom ajuste, sendo a ferramenta ideal para estimar a área foliar desta espécie, principalmente em estudos que investiguem o seu crescimento e desenvolvimento.
Electric field strength in a discharge with a liquid electrolyte cathode in air at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Chistolinov Andrey , Tyuftyaev Alekxander , Gadzhiev Machash 
Published: November 2021

The electric field strength in the channel of a discharge with a liquid electrolyte cathode at atmospheric pressure in air with the current in range of 20–90 mA is measured. The dependences of the electric field strength on the value of the discharge current are found for aqueous solutions with different compositions and with different pH values, but with the same specific
conductivity of 300 μS/cm. It is shown that these dependences don’t differ by much from eachother. The dependence of the electric field strength in a discharge with a liquid cathode on the
discharge current, averaged over the composition of the solution, is obtained.
Fronteras táctiles. Perspectivas en torno a la mano y el tacto en elaboraciones de Husserl, Heidegger y Derrida
Authors: Butierrez Luis Fernando 
Published: November 2021

En el presente artículo proponemos un abordaje de los análisis en torno al tacto y la mano en trabajos fundamentales de Husserl y Heidegger, en un diálogo con el análisis respectivos de J. Derrida. Por la vía de una lectura que reconoce continuidades y despliegues, buscaremos demostrar que las elaboraciones prácticas del tocar desarrolladas por Derrida articulan una comprensión en cierta continuidad con aquellas elaboraciones tradicionales, en el marco de una lectura singular de los textos respectivos.
Кроссмедийная редакция в регионе: принципы организации успешного медиа (на примере МАУ ИД «Мир Белогорья»). Часть 1
Authors: Карпенко Ирина Ивановна , Сидорова Ольга Сергеевна 
Published: November 2021

Сложный и многогранный процесс конвергенции трансформировал современную журналистику. В практике массмедиа появились кроссмедийные редакции. В соответствии с этим изменились правила создания медиаконтента, способы и принципы распространения материалов СМИ на различных информационных площадках, требования к специалистам, работающим в медиасфере. Наиболее проблемным аспектом в свете анализа кроссмедийной редакционной деятельности является изучение и обобщение опыта региональных средств массовой информации. Цель данного исследования состоит в описании и обобщении практического опыта наиболее успешной редакции Белгородского региона – АНО «Издательский дом «Мир Белогорья». Изучение удачных региональных кроссмедийных практик даст возможность для дальнейшего прикладного применения аккумулированного опыта в работе других региональных медиа. В первой части статьи, посвященной кроссмедийной практике внутриредакционного взаимодействия, представлен анализ специфики создания подобной организации и управления ею, в частности рассмотрены функции генерального директора издательского дома, система оплаты труда кроссмедийной организации, особенности менеджмента в реализации контентной стратегии. Сделан вывод об эффективности кроссмедийного взаимодействия внутри медийной организации.
Right to Love: India's Decriminalization of Homosexuality Understood in Light of Contact
Authors: Kolmannskog Vikram 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTOn September 6, 2018, homosexuality was decriminalized in India. It was the result of a rights mobilization that started almost two decades ago. From the start, Indian lesbian, gay, bi, trans (LGBT) activists tried to influence society and the judges directly, not least through contact with other judges who happened to be gay. This article is a first attempt at understanding the mobilization and decriminalization in light of contact. It is also a first attempt at combining contact theories from both gestalt and the social sciences, including Allport's (1954) contact hypothesis. It seems quite plausible that contact of a certain kind played an important role in the Indian case. Other social movements could learn from this case. Gestaltists, as contact artists could have much to contribute, especially if they also draw upon social sciences and recognize that status, social identity, and power play a role in contact.
Gestalt Interventions Benefitting Children and Adolescents: A Literature Review
Authors: Stripling Theodore 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTGestalt therapy is a therapeutic approach used by many groups. Quite often, qualitative and quantitative research for Gestalt has focused on adult populations. This literature review has explored research on the benefits of a Gestalt approach with children and adolescents. Gestalt research has benefited children and adolescents in the following areas: emotional self-expression, conflict resolution, contact with therapists, well-being, self-esteem, communication skills, decreased depression, child anxiety, parent anxiety, and trauma symptoms. The findings suggest that evidence of effective Gestalt interventions with children and adolescents is still developing. Eight studies after the year 2000 have reported effectiveness with this population. Implications for Gestalt practice and research with children and adolescents are explored.
Nietzsche's Strawsonian Reversal
Authors: Snelson Avery 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nietzsche proclaims the second essay of the Genealogy of Morality (GM II) to be the “long history of the origins of responsibility,” but the immediate context in which this claim is made, coupled with GM II's broader aims and themes, makes interpreting this claim immensely difficult. Not only does Nietzsche endorse an ideal of responsibility in relation to the sovereign individual, while the rest of the essay is concerned with other topics, but also, and more problematically, this ideal appears to be inconsistent with his denial of free will and moral responsibility in other works. Here, I propose a Strawsonian reading of GM II, contending that GM II analyzes the idea of “responsibility” naturalistically in terms of the practice of holding oneself and others responsible, as constituted by what Nietzsche calls the “reactive affects,” namely guilt. A consequence of this interpretation is that libertarian free will is not a condition of responsible agency.