bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space, Marginality, and Youth in Urban Spaces: Pedagogical Practices in the Quartieri Spagnoli
Authors: Nestore Matías 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Quartieri Spagnoli (QS) in Naples represent a central urban area of the city affected by extreme levels of disadvantage. The area is characterized by crime, together with high unemployment and school dropout rates, and virtually no social integration in the wider urban landscape. With the highest population density in the city, the area is low in services and green spaces, and its spatial arrangements are characterized by narrow streets and restricted accessibility. In this chapter, I aim to present an account of children’s lived experiences and self-perceptions of space, power, and violence in an urban space that is facing a process of change due to recent capitalist developments such as deepening deprivation and marginalization in advanced capitalist societies (Wacquant, Urban outcasts: a comparative sociology of advanced marginality. Polity, Cambridge, 2008), and expulsions (Sassen, Expulsions: brutality and complexity in the global economy. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2014). Moreover, I focus on teachers’ perceptions of their role as pedagogical actors in a marginalized urban space.
15 Years of Intelligent Container Research
Authors: Jedermann Reiner , Lang Walter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFood losses in the cool chain, which are mostly caused by temperature deviations, can be reduced by remote monitoring of transport conditions. The project ‘Intelligent Container’ was begun 15 years ago to provide the necessary sensor system, communication and automated evaluation of data. If transport and delivery planning are adjusted according to the actual quality or the predicted remaining shelf life, more products arrive with sufficient quality at the customers. This paper summarizes the project results and highlights current trends in industrial application and research, such as commercial remote container monitoring and standards for data exchange, sub-GHz communication, the increasing availability of biological and computational fluid dynamics models and digital twins. Open research topics include the development of specialized sensors. To overcome obstacles hindering the industrial application of sensor quality monitoring, we suggest a gradual approach, with lower company resources required for the first action points. Food losses can be reduced, even if the complete system, including permanent remote access and adaptive stock rotation, is not applied.
Logistics Challenges Along the New Silk Roads
Authors: Haasis Hans-Dietrich , Du Jianhui , Sun Xuejun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping advised to establish the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road,” also referred as the Belt and Road Initiative or the New Silk Roads Policy. The intention is to promote international and regional trade as well as cooperation in and between Asia and Europe. Consequently, international maritime and terrestrial freight transport corridors are either established or strengthened and operated. The purpose of this paper is to reflect the Belt and Road Initiative from the perspective of logistics. The aim is to identify and formulate circumstances, expectations, opportunities, and peculiarities of logistics along the New Silk Roads. For this purpose, four corresponding challenges will be considered and outlined after an introduction to the Belt and Road Initiative. The four logistics challenges concern the awareness of new freight transport corridors and the assessment of possibilities for opening new transport relations and new markets, the implementation of new and the adaptation of existing supply chains to increase strategic logistics flexibility, the availability and use of digital infrastructure and connectivity for improved communication and coordination of logistical processes, and the willingness to consider regional and cultural differences in the preparation and realization of supply chain decisions.
Recent Developments in Mathematical Traffic Models
Authors: Schmand Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPredictions such as forecasts of congestion effects in transportation networks can be based on complex simulations that include many aspects of actual transportation systems. On the other hand, rigorous mathematical traffic models give rise to theoretical analyses, very general statements, and various traffic optimization opportunities. There has been a huge development in the last years to make mathematical traffic models more realistic. This chapter provides an overview of the mathematical traffic models developed recently and some state-of-the-art results.
High-Radix Formats for Enhancing Floating-Point FPGA Implementations
Authors: Villalba Julio , Hormigo Javier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a family of high-radix floating-point representation to efficiently deal with floating-point addition in FPGA devices with no native floating-point support. Since variable shifter implementation (required in any FP adder) has a very high cost in FPGA, high-radix formats considerably reduce the number of possible shifts, decreasing the execution time and area highly. Although the high-radix format produces also a significant penalty in the implementation of multipliers, the experimental results show that the adder improvement overweights the multiplication penalty for most of the practical and common cases (digital filters, matrix multiplications, etc.). We also provide the designer with guidelines on selecting a suitable radix as a function of the ratio between the number of additions and multiplications of the targeted algorithm. For applications with similar numbers of additions and multiplications, the high-radix version may be up to 26% faster and even having a wider dynamic range and using higher number of significant bits. Furthermore, thanks to the proposed efficient converters between the standard IEEE-754 format and our internal high-radix format, the cost of the input/output conversions in FPGA accelerators is negligible.
Clinical, Biochemical, Tumoural and Mutation Profile of VHL‐ and MEN2A‐Associated Pheochromocytoma: A Comparative Study
Authors: Dhanda Mallika , Agarwal Amit , Mandal Kausik , Gupta Sushil , Sabaretnam M. , Chand Gyan , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Gaurav , Mishra Saroj Kanta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical, biochemical, tumoural and mutational characteristics of Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome (VHL)‐associated pheochromocytoma (PCC) to multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A)‐associated pheochromocytoma.DesignRetrospective study design in a tertiary health care centre in Northern India.MethodsA total of 47 patients with biochemical and histologically proven pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL): 29 associated with VHL and 18 with MEN2A, were divided in two cohorts, respectively. Analysis of their medical records along with a prospective follow‐up was done.ResultsThere were more children <19 years in VHL group (13 vs 1). Despite majority of VHL‐PCC showing elevation of normetanephrine (NMN) (93%) as compared to MEN2A‐PCC (22.2%), 75.8% presented with hypertension as compared to MEN2A (33.3%). The average size of VHL‐PCC tumours was 5.66 cm. VHL‐PCC as compared to MEN2A‐PCC were multifocal (75% vs 61.1%), bilateral synchronous (72.4 vs 61.1%) and extra‐adrenal (17.2% vs 0%). Both VHL (24%) and MEN2A‐PCC (27.7%) showed multiple nodules, but more MEN2A PCC showed extra‐tumoural hyperplasia (44.4% vs. 6.8%). In VHL, the commonest mutation (n = 17) was missense mutation with a hot spot on exon 3, while in MEN2A‐PCC majority (66.6%) had 634 mutation in exon 11 and only 2 patients had the rare 611 mutation in exon 10.ConclusionIn contrast to world literature, our study suggests Indian VHL‐PCC can be symptomatic in spite of noradrenergic phenotype, large in size and multifocal. Multiple nodules in VHL‐PCC could increase risk of recurrence following subtotal adrenalectomy.
Genomic and clinical findings in myeloid neoplasms with PDGFRB rearrangement
Authors: Di Giacomo Danika , Quintini Martina , Pierini Valentina , Pellanera Fabrizia , La Starza Roberta , Gorello Paolo , Matteucci Caterina , Crescenzi Barbara , Fiumara Paolo Fabio , Veltroni Marinella , Borlenghi Erika , Albano Francesco , Forghieri Fabio , Maccaferri Monica , Bettelli Francesca , Luppi Mario , Cuneo Antonio , Rossi Giuseppe , Mecucci Cristina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlatelet-derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) gene rearrangements define a unique subgroup of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms frequently associated with eosinophilia and characterized by high sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibition. To date, various PDGFRB/5q32 rearrangements, involving at least 40 fusion partners, have been reported. However, information on genomic and clinical features accompanying rearrangements of PDGFRB is still scarce. Here, we characterized a series of 14 cases with a myeloid neoplasm using cytogenetic, single nucleotide polymorphism array, and next-generation sequencing. We identified nine PDGFRB translocation partners, including the KAZN gene at 1p36.21 as a novel partner in a previously undescribed t(1;5)(p36;q33) chromosome change. In all cases, the PDGFRB recombination was the sole cytogenetic abnormality underlying the phenotype. Acquired somatic variants were mainly found in clinically aggressive diseases and involved epigenetic genes (TET2, DNMT3A, ASXL1), transcription factors (RUNX1 and CEBPA), and signaling modulators (HRAS). By using both cytogenetic and nested PCR monitoring to evaluate response to imatinib, we found that, in non-AML cases, a low dosage (100–200 mg) is sufficient to induce and maintain longstanding hematological, cytogenetic, and molecular remissions.
Comparative diagnostic performance of ultrasound shear wave elastography and magnetic resonance elastography for classifying fibrosis stage in adults with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Yingzhen N. , Fowler Kathryn J. , Boehringer Andrew S. , Montes Vivian , Schlein Alexandra N. , Covarrubias Yesenia , Wolfson Tanya , Hong Cheng W. , Valasek Mark A. , Andre Michael P. , Loomba Rohit , Sirlin Claude B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of US shear wave elastography (SWE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for classifying fibrosis stage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods
Patients from a prospective single-center cohort with clinical liver biopsy for known or suspected NAFLD underwent contemporaneous SWE and MRE. AUCs for classifying biopsy-determined liver fibrosis stages ≥ 1, ≥ 2, ≥ 3, and = 4, and their respective performance parameters at cutoffs providing ≥ 90% sensitivity or specificity were compared between SWE and MRE.

Results
In total, 100 patients (mean age, 51.8 ± 12.9 years; 46% males; mean BMI 31.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2) with fibrosis stage distribution (stage 0/1/2/3/4) of 43, 36, 5, 10, and 6%, respectively, were included. AUCs (and 95% CIs) for SWE and MRE were 0.65 (0.54–0.76) and 0.81 (0.72–0.89), 0.81 (0.71–0.91) and 0.94 (0.89–1.00), 0.85 (0.74–0.96) and 0.95 (0.89–1.00), and 0.91 (0.79–1.00) and 0.92 (0.83–1.00), for detecting fibrosis stage ≥ 1, ≥ 2, ≥ 3, and = 4, respectively. The differences were significant for detecting fibrosis stage ≥ 1 and ≥ 2 (p < 0.01) but not otherwise. At ≥ 90% sensitivity cutoff, MRE yielded higher specificity than SWE at diagnosing fibrosis stage ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3. At ≥ 90% specificity cutoff, MRE yielded higher sensitivity than SWE at diagnosing fibrosis stage ≥ 1 and ≥ 2.

Conclusions
In adults with NAFLD, MRE was more accurate than SWE in diagnosing stage ≥ 1 and ≥ 2 fibrosis, but not stage ≥ 3 or 4 fibrosis.

Key Points
• For detecting any fibrosis or mild fibrosis, MR elastography was significantly more accurate than shear wave elastography.
• For detecting advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, MRE and SWE did not differ significantly in accuracy.
• For excluding advanced fibrosis and potentially ruling out the need for biopsy, SWE and MRE did not differ significantly in negative predictive value.
• Neither SWE nor MRE had sufficiently high positive predictive value to rule in advanced fibrosis.
Intradialytic cycling does not exacerbate microparticles or circulating markers of systemic inflammation in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Highton Patrick J. , March Daniel S. , Churchward Darren R. , Grantham Charlotte E. , Young Hannah M. L. , Graham-Brown Matthew P. M. , Estruel Seila , Martin Naomi , Brunskill Nigel J. , Smith Alice C. , Burton James O. , Bishop Nicolette C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) display elevated circulating microparticle (MP) concentration, tissue factor (TF) expression and markers of systemic inflammation, though regular intradialytic cycling (IDC) may have a therapeutic effect. This study investigated the impact of regular, moderate-intensity IDC on circulating MPs and inflammatory markers in unit-based HD patients.

Methods
Patients were cluster-randomised to intervention (n = 20, age: 51.4 ± 18.1 years, body mass: 77.6 ± 18.3 kg, mean ± SD) or no-exercise control (n = 20, 56.8 ± 14.0 years, 80.5 ± 26.5 kg). Intervention participants completed 30 min of moderate intensity (rating of perceived exertion [RPE] of 12–14) IDC, thrice weekly for 6 months. Pre-dialysis venous blood samples were obtained at 0, 3 and 6 months. Circulating MP phenotypes, cytokines, chemokine and MP TF expression were quantified using flow cytometry and cytometric bead array assays.

Results
Despite high exercise compliance (82%), no IDC-dependent effects were observed for any MP, cytokine or chemokine measure (p ≥ 0.051, ηρ2 ≤ 0.399) other than TNF-α (p = 0.001, ηρ2 = 0.186), though no significance was revealed upon post hoc analysis.

Conclusion
Six months of regular, moderate-intensity IDC had no effect on MPs, cytokines or chemokines. This suggests that the exercise did not exacerbate thrombotic or inflammatory status, though further functional assays are required to confirm this.

Trial registration
ISRCTN1129707, prospectively registered on 05/03/2015.
Applicability of contemporary quality indicators in vestibular surgery—do they accurately measure tumor inherent postoperative complications of vestibular schwannomas?
Authors: Schipmann Stephanie , Lohmann Sebastian , Al Barim Bilal , Suero Molina Eric , Schwake Michael , Toksöz Özer Altan , Stummer Walter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Due to rising costs in health care delivery, reimbursement decisions have progressively been based on quality measures. Such quality indicators have been developed for neurosurgical procedures, collectively. We aimed to evaluate their applicability in patients that underwent surgery for vestibular schwannoma and to identify potential new disease-specific quality indicators.

Methods
One hundred and three patients operated due to vestibular schwannoma were subject to analysis. The primary outcomes of interest were 30-day and 90-day reoperation, readmission, mortality, nosocomial infection and surgical site infection (SSI) rates, postoperative cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak, facial, and hearing function. The secondary aim was the identification of prognostic factors for the mentioned primary outcomes.

Results
Thirty-day (90-days) outcomes in terms of reoperation were 10.7% (14.6%), readmission 9.7% (13.6%), mortality 1% (1%), nosocomial infection 5.8%, and SSI 1% (1%). A 30- versus 90-day outcome in terms of CSF leak were 6.8% vs. 10.7%, new facial nerve palsy 16.5% vs. 6.1%. Hearing impairment from serviceable to non-serviceable hearing was 6.8% at both 30- and 90-day outcome. The degree of tumor extension has a significant impact on reoperation (p < 0.001), infection (p = 0.015), postoperative hemorrhage (p < 0.001), and postoperative hearing loss (p = 0.026).

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate the importance of entity-specific quality measurements being applied even after 30 days. We identified the occurrence of a CSF leak within 90 days postoperatively, new persistent facial nerve palsy still present 90 days postoperatively, and persisting postoperative hearing impairment to non-serviceable hearing as potential new quality measurement variables for patients undergoing surgery for vestibular schwannoma.
Adolescent depression beyond DSM definition: a network analysis
Authors: Manfro Pedro H. , Pereira Rivka B. , Rosa Martha , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Fisher Helen L. , Kohrt Brandon A. , Mondelli Valeria , Kieling Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCalls for refining the understanding of depression beyond diagnostic criteria have been growing in recent years. We examined the prevalence and relevance of DSM and non-DSM depressive symptoms in two Brazilian school-based adolescent samples with two commonly used scales, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-A) and the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). We analyzed cross-sectional data from two similarly recruited samples of adolescents aged 14–16 years, as part of the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence (IDEA) study in Brazil. We assessed dimensional depressive symptomatology using the PHQ-A in the first sample (n = 7720) and the MFQ in the second sample (n = 1070). We conducted network analyses to study symptom structure and centrality estimates of the two scales. Additionally, we compared centrality of items included (e.g., low mood, anhedonia) and not included in the DSM (e.g., low self-esteem, loneliness) in the MFQ. Sad mood and worthlessness items were the most central items in the network structure of the PHQ-A. In the MFQ sample, self-hatred and loneliness, two non-DSM features, were the most central items and DSM and non-DSM items in this scale formed a highly interconnected network of symptoms. Furthermore, analysis of the MFQ sample revealed DSM items not to be more frequent, severe or interconnected than non-DSM items, but rather part of a larger network of symptoms. A focus on symptoms might advance research on adolescent depression by enhancing our understanding of the disorder.
Notfallmedizinische Aspekte bei Laufveranstaltungen
Authors: Finke Simon-Richard , Jänig Christoph , Deschler Andreas , Hanske Jan , Herff Holger , Hinkelbein Jochen , Böttiger Bernd W. , Schmidbauer W. , Schroeder Daniel C. 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Anzahl an kurz- und langstreckigen Laufveranstaltungen in Deutschland nimmt zu. Laufen als Breitensport wird von einer Vielzahl an Personen unterschiedlicher Altersklassen, Risikogruppen und Professionalisierungsgrade betrieben, woraus ein breites Spektrum medizinischer Notfälle resultiert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert die Inzidenz, Pathophysiologie und Therapie relevanter Notfallbilder bei Laufveranstaltungen. Ziel ist die Optimierung der Arbeitsabläufe des Rettungsdienstpersonals.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche in PubMed.

Ergebnisse
Anstrengungsassoziierte Muskelkrämpfe, gastrointestinale Symptome, Kollaps, Kompartmentsyndrom und Tendinopathien sind häufige Erscheinungsbilder und resultieren meist aus akuter oder chronischer Überanstrengung. Der Kreislaufstillstand bzw. plötzliche Herztod ist ein seltenes Ereignis bei Laufveranstaltungen. Bewusstseinsstörungen und generalisierte Krampfanfälle sind schwerwiegende Komplikationen. Disseminierte intravasale Koagulopathie, belastungsinduzierte Hyponatriämie, Hitzschlag, Rhabdomyolyse und thromboembolische Ereignisse sind mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Substanzen zur Erhöhung der Schmerzschwelle und leistungssteigernde Substanzen sind unter Läufern stark verbreitet und gehen mit einer hohen Rate an Nebenwirkungen einher.

Diskussion
Unspezifische Symptome wie Erbrechen, Fieber, Kollaps, Muskelschmerzen, Übelkeit, und Schwäche sind die führenden Symptome bei Laufveranstaltungen. Eine sorgfältige Anamnese ist wegweisend für eine zielgerichtete klinische Therapie. Präklinisch steht eine Symptomkontrolle im Mittelpunkt. Das Flüssigkeitsmanagement stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar.
The influence of endophytes on rice fitness under environmental stresses
Authors: Ganie Showkat Ahmad , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Devoto Alessandra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Key Message
Endophytes are crucial for the promotion of rice growth and stress tolerance and can be used to increase rice crop yield. Endophytes can thus be exploited in biotechnology and genetic engineering as eco-friendly and cost-effective means for the development of high-yielding and stress-tolerant rice plants.

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) crop is continuously subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses, compromising growth and consequently yield. The situation is exacerbated by climate change impacting on ecosystems and biodiversity. Genetic engineering has been used to develop stress-tolerant rice, alongside physical and chemical methods to mitigate the effect of these stresses. However, the success of these strategies has been hindered by short-lived field success and public concern on adverse effects associated. The limited success in the field of stress-tolerant cultivars developed through breeding or transgenic approaches is due to the complex nature of stress tolerance as well as to the resistance breakdown caused by accelerated evolution of pathogens. It is therefore necessary to develop novel and acceptable strategies to enhance rice stress tolerance and durable resistance and consequently improve yield. In the last decade, plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes, especially endophytes, have drawn the attention of agricultural scientists worldwide, due to their ability to mitigate environmental stresses in crops, without causing adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that endophytes effectively confer fitness benefits also to rice under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Endophyte-produced metabolites can control the expression of stress-responsive genes and improve the physiological performance and growth of rice plants. This review highlights the current evidence available for PGP microbe-promoted tolerance of rice to abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought and to biotic ones, with special emphasis on endophytes. Associated molecular mechanisms are illustrated, and prospects for sustainable rice production also in the light of the impending climate change, discussed.
The migration law of magnesium ions during freezing and melting processes
Authors: Yan Zhang , Tongshuai Liu , Yuanqing Tang , Wanli Zhao , Fangyun Ren , Tongguo Zhao , Yucan Liu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo explore the migration law of magnesium ions (Mg2+) during freezing and melting processes, laboratory simulation experiments involving freezing and melting were carried out to investigate the influence of ice thickness, freezing temperature, initial concentration, and initial pH on the distribution of Mg2+ in the ice-water system. The distribution coefficient “K” (the ratio of the Mg2+ concentration in the ice layer to the Mg2+ concentration in the water layer under ice) was used to characterize the migration ability of Mg2+. The results showed that during the freezing process, the concentration distribution of Mg2+ in the ice and water two-phase system was as follows: ice layer < water before freezing < water layer under ice; in other words, it migrated from ice layer to the water layer under ice. “K” decreased with increasing ice thickness, freezing temperature, initial concentration, and initial pH; the higher the ice thickness, freezing temperature, initial concentration, and initial pH were, the higher the migration efficiency of Mg2+ into the water layer under ice was. During the melting process, Mg2+ was released in large amounts (50–60%) at the initial stage (0–25%) and in small amounts (25–100%) uniformly in the middle and later periods. According to the change of Mg2+ concentration in ice melt water, an exponential model was established to predict Mg2+ concentration in ice melt period. The migration law of Mg2+during the freezing and melting process was explained by using first principles.