bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturally or artificially constructed nanocellulose architectures for epoxy composites: A review
Authors: Yu Tingting , Soomro Sumair Ahmed , Huang Fei , Wei Wei , Wang Bin , Zhou Zuowan , Hui David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApplications of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy-based composites have been highly restricted due to their high cost in the manufacturing process. Cellulose, a cheap and abundant material from nature, shows excellent mechanical property and structural stability. It shows huge potentials in substituting carbon fiber/epoxy with cellulose/epoxy composites to fulfill the great demands for composites with good performance and a reasonable price. This paper first reviews works about the preparation and regulation of cellulose materials based on the very basic concepts of top-down and bottom-up. Then research about the interfacial regulation between cellulose and epoxy has been discussed in two broad classes of covalent and non-covalent modification. Finally, the enhancement effect of cellulose reinforcement has been discussed in two broad classes of dispersive reinforcement and continuous phase reinforcement. The latter can be further divided into three classes according to the dimension feature (1D, 2D, and 3D). The results show that the nanolization of cellulose is necessary for guaranteeing the strength of composites, while the formation of macroscopic and continuous structures can ensure Young’s modulus of composites.
Obsidians of Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily): A Petrographic, Geochemical and Magnetic Study of Known and New Geological Sources
Authors: Rotolo Silvio G. , Carapezza Maria Luisa , Correale Alessandra , Martin Franco Foresta , Hahn Gregor , Hodgetts Alastair G.E. , La Monica Mariangela , Nazzari Manuela , Romano Pierangelo , Sagnotti Leonardo , Siravo Gaia , Speranza Fabio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper provides new petrochemical and paleomagnetic data from obsidian sub-sources on the island of Pantelleria, exploited since the Neolithic. Data has been obtained from 14 obsidian samples from 4 locations: Fossa della Pernice (2 sites), Salto la Vecchia and Balata dei Turchi. Here, we aim to better characterize these obsidians using a cross-disciplinary and multi-analytical approach, to further understand their archaeological significance. Major element analyses (EMP) have enabled two compositional super-groups to be distinguished: (i) Fossa della Pernice, less peralkaline and (ii) Balata dei Turchi–Salto la Vecchia, distinctly more peralkaline and having almost identical chemical patterns. Trace element analyses (LA-ICP-MS) corroborate major element groupings, with the Balata dei Turchi–Salto la Vecchia super-group being further characterized by a pronounced negative europium anomaly. Glass H2O contents (FT-IR) reveal an overlap among all the sub-sources (H2O = 0.1–0.3 wt. %). Magnetic methods have refined the petrochemical groupings, permitting further distinction between Balata dei Turchi–Salto La Vecchia and the Fossa della Pernice super-groups. The occurrence of sub-microscopic (< 1 μm) ferromagnetic minerals results in different magnetic susceptibility and Natural Remanent Magnetization values and allows the best distinction among the products from the chosen sites.
When compared with obsidian tools excavated from Bronze-age settlements on the island of Ustica (230 km NE of Pantelleria), 12% are distinctly peralkaline, indicating their provenance to be from the Balata dei Turchi sub-source.
Bilder, Klänge und Gedanken als Orientierungsfaktoren: Anhaltspunkte bei Nietzsche und Wittgenstein
Authors: Stegmaier Werner 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImages, sounds and thoughts as orientation factors: Clues with Nietzsche and Wittgenstein. – The paper demonstrates how images and sounds become clues both for Nietzsche and Wittgenstein in order to understand sentences and thoughts (I). Nietzsche pursues the question of how we orient ourselves not only through thoughts but also through images and sounds from his philosophical beginnings and, by doing so, he draws horizon lines for answering this question (II). In approximately these leeways, Wittgenstein asks how thinking, instead of simply thinking itself, shows itself: he explores the possibilities of methodically describing this showing itself and finds them in analogizing the understanding of a sentence on the one hand and the understanding of an image and of a piece of music on the other (III).
The Unutterable as a Mode of Utterance: Wittgenstein’s Two Remarks on “Count Eberhard’s Hawthorn” by Ludwig Uhland
Authors: König Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUhland’s poem has found fame as a litmus test in philosophical debates about Wittgenstein’sTractatus.Like many works of art, the poem is dynamically produced in its effort to resolve a fundamental conflict. The poem’s conflict arises from the difficulty to connect the count’s life and his daydream. In the end, the poem as a whole serves to embody a critique of the capacity of a daydream to recover memories faithfully. Wittgenstein makes two remarks in a 1917 letter to Paul Engelmann that pertain to the poem. They are to be read in keeping with a resolute reading (James Conant, Cora Diamond) of theTractatus; Wittgenstein’s first remark imitates the very movement of thought we find in the poem – and in doing so Wittgenstein makes good on his claim to talk about the poem: “the unutterable is, – unutterably –containedin what is uttered.” His second remark has, thus far, played no role in literature – Wittgenstein speaks of Engelmann’s dreams, yet he does not explicitly formulate the poem’s bearing on them. Here, too, he reenacts, in the formulation of his remark, the core conflict of the poem. My interpretation of the poem, finally, distinguishes three interpretive approaches (symbolistic, realistic, critical) in order to capture the understanding of the poem embodied in Wittgenstein's remarks.
Lectures on Religious Beliefand the epistemology of disagreements
Authors: Lavorerio Victoria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe influence of Wittgenstein’s work in the study of deep disagreements has been dominated byOn Certainty.Since the metaphor of ‘hinges’ plays a central role in the scholarship ofOn Certainty, a Wittgensteinian theory of deep disagreements is assumed to be based onhinge epistemology.This means that a disagreement would be deep because it concerns parties with conflicting hinges. When we shift our attention to a different part of Wittgenstein’s oeuvre, however, another picture of deep disagreements emerges. This article proposes a new Wittgensteinian approach to disagreements through the analysis of theLectures on Religious Belief.Some of the disagreements that Wittgenstein and his pupils discuss in these lectures are deep, but not because they are grounded in different hinges, but because they are disagreements aboutpictures.This article is an extension of a paper presented at the 41st International Wittgenstein Symposium. It was published in the proceedings of the symposium with the title: “Pictures in Wittgenstein’s Treatment of Disagreements in the so-calledLectures on Religious Belief” (Lavorerio, 2018b). I would like to thank the audience at that presentation for their comments, as well as Dejan Makovec, Martin Kusch and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on previous drafts of this paper.
Synthesis, spectral (FT-IR, 1H, 13C) studies, and crystal structure of [(2,6-CO2)2C5H3NSnBu2(H2O)]2·CHCl3
Authors: Diop Tidiane , Ndioléne Adrienne , Diop Mouhamadou Birame , Boye Mouhamadou Sembene , van der Lee Arie , Dumitru Florina , Khadir Diop Cheikh Abdoul , Sidibé Mamadou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Di-n-butyltin(IV) 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate [(2,6-CO2)2C5H3NSnBu2(H2O)]2·CHCl3, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

; with a = 9.2330(4), b = 10.4790(5), c = 20.2489(8) Å, α = 89.439(4), β = 87.492(3), γ = 85.888(4)°, V = 1951.96(15) Å3, and Z = 2. In this complex, the 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate groups are tetradentate, chelating, and bridging ligands for the tin(IV) atoms. NMR spectra showed that the ligands bind to the tin(IV) center in the anionic (COO−) form. In the asymmetric unit of the dimeric complex, the monomer is composed of an n-Bu2Sn unit bonded to one 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate group through one nitrogen and two oxygen donor atoms. It is also coordinated by a water molecule. In the dimer formed by carboxylate bridging, a trans-heptacoordinated geometry around the tin(IV) atom is established. The chloroform molecule is connected to the dimer by C–H···O contacts. Compound exhibits extended O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonding networks leading to a supramolecular layer topology.
Der Einzelne und die Gemeinschaft. Joh 21 als johanneisches Narrativ synoptischer Traditionen
Authors: Ueberschaer Nadine 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Auf der Grundlage synoptischer Traditionen bietet Joh 21 ein johanneisches Narrativ einer Nachfolgegemeinschaft von Individuen. Der Epilog ist also als ein Ausdruck johanneischen Selbstverständnisses zu verstehen, das durch die Verarbeitung der im 1Joh thematisierten Gemeindekonflikte bestimmt ist. Besondere Bedeutung kommen Petrus und dem geliebten Jünger als exemplarischen Nachfolgern zu. Petrus tritt dabei als umgekehrter Schismatiker in den Blick, der dem Zeugnis des Lieblingsjüngers folgt. Darüber hinaus wird an beiden das Zusammenspiel des Einzelnen und der Gemeinschaft erörtert, woraus sich zugleich eine neue Deutung des ‚Ich‘ in V. 25 eröffnet.
BK Channel Regulation of Afterpotentials and Burst Firing in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons
Authors: Niday Zachary , Bean Bruce P. 
Published: February 2021

BK calcium-activated potassium channels have complex kinetics because they are activated by both voltage and cytoplasmic calcium. The timing of BK activation and deactivation during action potentials determines their functional role in regulating firing patterns but is difficult to predict a priori. We used action potential clamp to characterize the kinetics of voltage-dependent calcium current and BK current during action potentials in Purkinje neurons from mice of both sexes, using acutely dissociated neurons that enabled rapid voltage clamp at 37°C. With both depolarizing voltage steps and action potential waveforms, BK current was entirely dependent on calcium entry through voltage-dependent calcium channels. With voltage steps, BK current greatly outweighed the triggering calcium current, with only a brief, small net inward calcium current before Ca-activated BK current dominated the total Ca-dependent current. During action potential waveforms, although BK current activated with only a short (∼100 μs) delay after calcium current, the two currents were largely separated, with calcium current flowing during the falling phase of the action potential and most BK current flowing over several milliseconds after repolarization. Step depolarizations activated both an iberiotoxin-sensitive BK component with rapid activation and deactivation kinetics and a slower-gating iberiotoxin-resistant component. During action potential firing, however, almost all BK current came from the faster-gating iberiotoxin-sensitive channels, even during bursts of action potentials. Inhibiting BK current had little effect on action potential width or a fast afterhyperpolarization but converted a medium afterhyperpolarization to an afterdepolarization and could convert tonic firing of single action potentials to burst firing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBK calcium-activated potassium channels are widely expressed in central neurons. Altered function of BK channels is associated with epilepsy and other neuronal disorders, including cerebellar ataxia. The functional role of BK in regulating neuronal firing patterns is highly dependent on the context of other channels and varies widely among different types of neurons. Most commonly, BK channels are activated during action potentials and help produce a fast afterhyperpolarization. We find that in Purkinje neurons BK current flows primarily after the fast afterhyperpolarization and helps to prevent a later afterdepolarization from producing rapid burst firing, enabling typical regular tonic firing.
BRCA1–BARD1 Regulates Axon Regeneration in Concert with the Gqα–DAG Signaling Network
Authors: Sakai Yoshiki , Hanafusa Hiroshi , Shimizu Tatsuhiro , Pastuhov Strahil I. , Hisamoto Naoki , Matsumoto Kunihiro 
Published: February 2021

The breast cancer susceptibility protein BRCA1 and its partner BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) form an E3-ubiquitin (Ub) ligase complex that acts as a tumor suppressor in mitotic cells. However, the roles of BRCA1–BARD1 in postmitotic cells, such as neurons, remain poorly defined. Here, we report that BRC-1 and BRD-1, theCaenorhabditis elegansorthologs of BRCA1 and BARD1, are required for adult-specific axon regeneration, which is positively regulated by the EGL-30 Gqα–diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling pathway. This pathway is downregulated by DAG kinase (DGK), which converts DAG to phosphatidic acid (PA). We demonstrate that inactivation of DGK-3 suppresses thebrc-1 brd-1defect in axon regeneration, suggesting that BRC-1–BRD-1 inhibits DGK-3 function. Indeed, we show that BRC-1–BRD-1 poly-ubiquitylates DGK-3 in a manner dependent on its E3 ligase activity, causing DGK-3 degradation. Furthermore, we find that axon injury causes the translocation of BRC-1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where DGK-3 is localized. These results suggest that the BRC-1–BRD-1 complex regulates axon regeneration in concert with the Gqα–DAG signaling network. Thus, this study describes a new role for breast cancer proteins in fully differentiated neurons and the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of axon regeneration in response to nerve injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBRCA1–BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) is an E3-ubiquitin (Ub) ligase complex acting as a tumor suppressor in mitotic cells. The roles of BRCA1–BARD1 in postmitotic cells, such as neurons, remain poorly defined. We show here thatCaenorhabditis elegansBRC-1/BRCA1 and BRD-1/BARD1 are required for adult-specific axon regeneration, a process that requires high diacylglycerol (DAG) levels in injured neurons. The DAG kinase (DGK)-3 inhibits axon regeneration by reducing DAG levels. We find that BRC-1–BRD-1 poly-ubiquitylates and degrades DGK-3, thereby keeping DAG levels elevated and promoting axon regeneration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that axon injury causes the translocation of BRC-1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where DGK-3 is localized. Thus, this study describes a new role for BRCA1–BARD1 in fully-differentiated neurons.
Adult trkB Signaling in Parvalbumin Interneurons is Essential to Prefrontal Network Dynamics
Authors: Guyon Nicolas , Zacharias Leonardo Rakauskas , van Lunteren Josina Anna , Immenschuh Jana , Fuzik Janos , Märtin Antje , Xuan Yang , Zilberter Misha , Kim Hoseok , Meletis Konstantinos , Lopes-Aguiar Cleiton , Carlén Marie 
Published: February 2021

Inhibitory interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) are central to cortical network dynamics, generation of γ oscillations, and cognition. Dysfunction of PV interneurons disrupts cortical information processing and cognitive behavior. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase B (trkB) signaling regulates the maturation of cortical PV interneurons but is also implicated in their adult multidimensional functions. Using a novel viral strategy for cell-type-specific and spatially restricted expression of a dominant-negative trkB (trkB.DN), we show that BDNF/trkB signaling is essential to the integrity and maintenance of prefrontal PV interneurons in adult male and female mice. Reduced BDNF/trkB signaling in PV interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) resulted in deficient PV inhibition and increased baseline local field potential (LFP) activity in a broad frequency band. The altered network activity was particularly pronounced during increased activation of the prefrontal network and was associated with changed dynamics of local excitatory neurons, as well as decreased modulation of the LFP, abnormalities that appeared to generalize across stimuli and brain states. In addition, our findings link reduced BDNF/trkB signaling in prefrontal PV interneurons to increased aggression. Together our investigations demonstrate that BDNF/trkB signaling in PV interneurons in the adult mPFC is essential to local network dynamics and cognitive behavior. Our data provide direct support for the suggested association between decreased trkB signaling, deficient PV inhibition, and altered prefrontal circuitry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase B (trkB) signaling promotes the maturation of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, neurons central to local cortical dynamics, γ rhythms, and cognition. Here, we used a novel viral approach for reduced BDNF/trkB signaling in PV interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to establish the role of BDNF/trkB signaling in adult prefrontal network activities. Reduced BDNF/trkB signaling caused pronounced morphologic alterations, reduced PV inhibition, and deficient prefrontal network dynamics. The altered network activity appeared to manifest across stimuli and brain states and was associated with aberrant local field potential (LFP) activities and increased aggression. The results demonstrate that adult BDNF/trkB signaling is essential to PV inhibition and prefrontal circuit function and directly links BDNF/trkB signaling to network integrity in the adult brain.
ACTINOBACTERIAL PIGMENT ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Singh Naresh , Naik Bindu , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Vivek , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: February 2021

Recently, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained considerable attention due to its benefits such as cost efficiency, simplicity, eco-friendly nature, biocompatibility and broad applications over conventional chemical and physical techniques. In this context twenty actinobacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of wild carrot and screened for their pigment producing ability. These isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces (58%), followed by Streptosporangium sp. (19%), Nocardia sp. (11%), Actinomadura sp. (8%), and Micromonospora sp. (4%). The most promising isolate (NS-05) producing the pink pigment has been taken for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The isolate NS-05 was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on cultural characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was most closely related with type strain Streptomyces fulvissimus DSM 40593T, S. microflavus NBRC13062T, S. setonii NRRL ISP-5322T, S. anulatus RRL B-2000T with a sequence similarity of 95.6% which shows that it may belong to novel species of Streptomyces. The bio-pigment assisted synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR and Scanning electron microscopy studies. The average size of synthesized silver nanoparticles was 42.5nm and has λ max at 433 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles showed promising activity against major pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 2940, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 6380, Escherichia coli MTCC 739. The findings of present research are promising, and this pigment can also be used for the green synthesis of other nanoparticles.
COMPORTAMIENTO DEL SECADO SOLAR DE LATERITAS A LA INTEMPERIE EN CONDICIONES DE CLIMA HÚMEDO TROPICAL
Authors: Belette Fuentes Orlando , Estenoz-Mejía Severo 
Published: February 2021

RESUMENLas plantas niqueleras de tecnología Caron emplean el secado solar para disminuir la humedad de la mena laterítica. El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en evaluar el comportamiento del secado solar de lateritas a la intemperie en condiciones de clima húmedo tropical, para disminuir la humedad de la mena laterítica que procesa esta industria. El proceso de secado solar se ensayó, a escala semi-industrial, en pilas piramidales expuestas a la intemperie en condiciones de abundantes precipitaciones. Luego de 7 semanas de remoción,la humedad inicial de 37,75 % se redujo hasta 26,81 %. El trabajo realizado sobre el secado a la intemperie redujo a valores inferiores de $0,09 los costos por tonelada de mineral trasegado en los depósitos mineros de Punta Gorda, Moa, Holguín, Cuba.Se obtuvo un valor promedio de humedad final equivalente a la evaporación del 40 % del agua inicial. Se determinó que para alturas de pilas de 5,5 y 8,5 m se requieren 19 y 17 hectáreas respectivamente, para secar 4,2 millones de masa minera en base húmeda, equivalente a la producción de 30 000 toneladas anuales de níquel.
O PROGRAMA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA: DIALÉTICA ENTRE A TEORIA E A PRÁTICA
Authors: Monteiro Jorge Henrique de Lima , Queiroz Leonardo Cordeiro de , Anversa Ana Luíza Barbosa , Souza Vânia de Fátima Matias de 
Published: February 2021

A formação inicial docente tem sido pauta das discussões como cenário multifacetado com necessidades de uma interlocução centrada na realidade cultural, social e econômica da escola. Assim, no ano de 2018, na busca pela efetivação de uma práxis pedagógica com vistas a consolidar o processo formativo, o governo federal lança o Programa de Residência Pedagógica (RP), com o intuito de aperfeiçoar a formação discente e fortalecer o vínculo entre IES e escola. Neste ano, o curso de licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Maringá é contemplado com 24 bolsas direcionadas a acadêmicos, 3 professores preceptores e 1 orientador de área. Findado a experiência de 18 meses do edital, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar as contribuições do RP no processo formativo em Educação Física a partir dos relatos dos residentes. Para tanto, sustentamo-nos na pesquisa do tipo qualitativo, de análise documental, cujo tratamento dos dados se deu a partir dos pressupostos da análise de conteúdo. As Categorias de intepretação emergidas foram: (a) as dificuldades encontradas pelos residentes; (b) facilidades da prática pedagógica para a implementação do RP pelos residentes; (c) percepção dos residentes quanto aos benefícios gerados pelo projeto. Os resultados indicaram um sentimento de satisfação por parte dos residentes durante a realização do projeto; e destacando as contribuições do Programa para a viabilização de uma práxis pedagógica formativa no contexto IES e escola, por meio da imersão dos futuros professores na realidade do ambiente educacional.