bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous formalin for treatment of haemorrhage in horses
Authors: Moreno C. R. , Delph K. M. , Beard W. L. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThere is limited information in the literature regarding the clinical use of formalin for the treatment of haemorrhage in horses. This uncontrolled retrospective study summarises 11 cases that were treated with intravenous formalin at the Veterinary Health Center at Kansas State University from 2009 to 2019. The objective of this study was to describe signalment, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of horses treated with intravenous formalin for potentially life‐threatening haemorrhagic conditions. This study does not attempt to prove efficacy of intravenous formalin, but rather to report its clinical use and the associated details of those cases. Horses ranged in age from 2 to 23 years old. There were nine Quarter Horses, one Thoroughbred and one Appaloosa. Treated conditions included haemoabdomen (4/11), uterine haemorrhage (1/11), epistaxis (3/11), haemorrhage secondary to a mandibular laceration (2/11) and haemothorax (1/11). The most utilised dose was 0.476% formalin (50 mL 10% neutral buffered formalin diluted in 1 L of isotonic fluid). Some horses were also treated with aminocaproic acid, Yunnan Baiyao, whole blood transfusions and surgery. Ten out of the 11 horses survived to discharge with one horse reported by the owner to have died 2 weeks later of an unknown cause.
Soil priming effect and its responses to nutrient addition along a tropical forest elevation gradient
Authors: Feng Jiguang , Tang Mao , Zhu Biao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPriming plays important roles in terrestrial carbon cycling, but the patterns and drivers of priming and its responses to nutrient addition in tropical forests remain unclear. By collecting soils along a tropical forest elevation gradient, we conducted an incubation experiment with 13C‐labeled glucose and nutrient (N and/or P) additions. Results showed that priming effects increased soil organic matter decomposition by 44 ± 12% across elevations, and priming intensity decreased significantly with elevation. Among soil and microbial properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and pH were two key factors negatively and positively regulating priming, respectively. Across elevations, the additions of N, P, or both of them (NP) did not significantly change priming. However, the variations in the effects of nutrient (N and/or P) addition on priming significantly correlated with initial soil nutrient (N or P) availability. The intensity for the effects of N addition on priming decreased significantly with initial soil N availability, and that for the effects of P and NP addition on priming decreased with initial soil P availability. Based on these relationships, we proposed a conceptual framework linking stoichiometric decomposition and nutrient mining hypotheses, in which the former dominates in low‐nutrient availability soils and the latter dominates in high‐nutrient availability soils. This conceptual framework can help to explain the contrasting effects of nutrient addition on priming. Collectively, our findings highlight the roles of SOC content and soil pH in regulating priming intensity, and the role of initial soil nutrient availability in regulating the effects of nutrient addition on priming.
Post‐glacial determinants of regional species pools in alpine grasslands
Authors: Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Abdulhak Sylvain , Attorre Fabio , Bergamini Ariel , Carranza Maria Laura , Chiarucci Alessandro , Ćušterevska Renata , Dullinger Stefan , Gavilán Rosario G. , Giusso del Galdo Gianpietro , Kuzmanović Nevena , Laiolo Paola , Loidi Javier , Malanson George P. , Marcenó Corrado , Milanović Đorđije , Pansing Elizabeth R. , Roces‐Díaz José V. , Ruprecht Eszter , Šibik Jozef , Stanisci Angela , Testolin Riccardo , Theurillat Jean‐Paul , Vassilev Kiril , Willner Wolfgang , Winkler Manuela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimAlpine habitats support unique biodiversity confined to high‐elevation areas in the current interglacial. Plant diversity in these habitats may respond to area, environment, connectivity and isolation, yet these factors have been rarely evaluated in concert. Here we investigate major determinants of regional species pools in alpine grasslands, and the responses of their constituent species groups.LocationEuropean mountains below 50° N.Time periodBetween 1928 and 2019.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe compiled species pools from alpine grasslands in 23 regions, including 794 alpine species and 2,094 non‐alpines. We used species–area relationships to test the influence of the extent of alpine areas on regional richness, and mixed‐effects models to compare the effects of 12 spatial and environmental predictors. Variation in species composition was addressed by generalized dissimilarity models and by a coefficient of dispersal direction to assess historical links among regions.ResultsPool sizes were partially explained by current alpine areas, but the other predictors largely contributed to regional differences. The number of alpine species was influenced by area, calcareous bedrock, topographic heterogeneity and regional isolation, while non‐alpines responded better to connectivity and climate. Regional dissimilarity of alpine species was explained by isolation and precipitation, but non‐alpines only responded to isolation. Past dispersal routes were correlated with latitude, with alpine species showing stronger connections among regions.Main conclusionsBesides area effects, edaphic, topographic and spatio‐temporal determinants are important to understand the organization of regional species pools in alpine habitats. The number of alpine species is especially linked to refugia and isolation, but their composition is explained by past dispersal and post‐glacial environmental filtering, while non‐alpines are generally influenced by regional floras. New research on the dynamics of alpine biodiversity should contextualize the determinants of regional species pools and the responses of species with different ecological profiles.
Emerging research methods in environmental displacement and forced migration research
Authors: Ty Miller Jessica , Thai Vu Anvy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnvironmental displacement can be defined as forced migration occurring entirely or partly from local environmental restructuring. This includes displacement from sudden environmental events, such as storms, earthquakes, and tsunamis, or from long term changes related to the impacts of climate change, development, conservation‐related residential displacement, and environmental gentrification. Over the past decade, investigating the human impacts of displacement has become an emerging focus within displacement research. The idea of displacement is not only difficult to define but challenging to measure, due in part to a multitude of influences environmental factors have on the ability to stay put. Displacement throughout history has occurred from many factors, including social, political, environmental, and economic. Environmentally related displacement is arguably the most unpredictable form of displacement and is increasingly a problem for both the Global North and the Global South. Geographers have not always focused on these issues, although researchers are increasingly exploring this inherently spatial and temporal problem. A more thorough understanding of environmental displacement is possible by exploring available and relevant interdisciplinary research methods and methodologies used for analyses. This review focuses on literature that links both event‐driven and ongoing change‐driven displacement to environmental change to reveal the patterns across several subfields of displacement research and suggest areas for further development.
Outreach marketing may be a successful strategy for NHS libraries
Authors: Clark Hayley 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis dissertation study investigates the ways that NHS libraries are currently marketing their services within their organisation and was submitted as part of the MA Library and Information Management at the University of

Sheffield in 2019. This paper presents the findings from twelve semi‐structured interviews carried out with NHS library managers in the East of England to identify the most and least successful methods, and in comparison with that which is currently in the general marketing literature. The study found that outreach marketing was the most effective and that librarians are currently conducting marketing to the best of their ability, but they lack time and funding to be able to make the most of their promotional campaigns.F.J.
TRAUMA DELEGITIMIZED: KARL LÖWITH AND THE COSMIC VIEW OF HISTORY
Authors: RIEBELING ZACHARY 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis article uncovers the work of trauma in Karl Löwith's historical thought. Although best known for his critique of the philosophy of history and for the conception of secularization in his 1949 book, Meaning in History, Löwith deepened his positive historical vision in several essays that he wrote in the 1950s and 1960s. From these texts emerges a unique historical orientation, which I call the “cosmic view of history.” This perspective was at once a critique of modern historical consciousness and an embodied corrective to that consciousness, one in which the catastrophes of the twentieth century were relativized and made endurable. In both the origin and structure of this historical orientation and in its textual expression in Löwith's work, trauma is a residual force that links Löwith's language, his experiences, and the postwar context. The role of trauma in Löwith's thought further reveals a process of delegitimization in which historical consciousness and historical events lose their power to determine historical meaning, thus enabling a response to and an escape from catastrophe. This article also explores the significance of this cosmic view of history for contemporary theoretical concerns related to the Anthropocene and its consequences for historical theory.
5. CONTROVERSIAL CHRONOLOGIES: THE TEMPORAL DEMARCATION OF HISTORIC EVENTS
Authors: KARLA ANNA 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn everyday language and in historiography, influential events are commonly described as “historic” but are rarely defined from a theoretical standpoint. Discussing temporal demarcations of events by scholars—in particular William H. Sewell Jr.'s foundational study of the Storming of the Bastille—this article considers the contemporary urge to define the event's temporal boundaries to better evaluate the alleged importance of certain events in history. Rather than perpetuating the constructivist idea that any event possesses a fundamentally interpretable character, it crafts a theoretical definition of the historic event that distinguishes between its flexible fringes and its rather stable core. Fixing an event as an anchor point on the timeline of history is thus presented as a process that provokes political, social, and—last but not least—financial controversies. As this article shows with examples from the history of revolutions reaching from the late eighteenth century to the early twenty‐first century, such epoch‐making events are essentially shaped by their flexible beginning and ending points. Although the cores of these events remain strikingly stable, their temporal fringes become objects of highly controversial discussions.
A causal model of thriving at work in Chinese nurses
Authors: Zhu X. , Kunaviktikul W. , Sirakamon S. , Abhicharttibutra K. , Turale S. 
Published: March 2021

AimTo develop and test the first causal model of thriving at work in Chinese nurses.BackgroundNurses’ ability to thrive at their work is critical to retain qualified nurses and meet the needs of a constantly changing health environment. However, this is a poorly researched area.IntroductionThriving at work refers to the feeling of vitality and learning at work, which are evidenced to be solidly associated with nurses' development. Only a few factors have been explored regarding the effects of thriving at work.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was undertaken using stratified random sampling. This involved 565 nurses from five general hospitals in Dali city, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. Data were collected from April to September 2019 using seven instruments. The model was constructed and tested using the Analysis of Moment Structure program and reported using the STROBE checklist.ResultsAll model variables provided direct and indirect effects to the outcome. The final model fitted the empirical data with acceptable indices.DiscussionPredicting variables of workplace mindfulness, authentic leadership, workplace violence, organizational justice and years of experience were found to affect thriving at work directly and indirectly. Psychological capital and perceived organizational support mediated the effects between predicting variables to the outcome.Conclusion and Implications for nursing and health policyRecommendations for nursing and health leaders are provided to improve nurses’ thriving at work by building fair, supportive, and safe working environments, improving head nurses’ authentic leadership and cultivating nurses’ mindfulness. Policies need to be promulgated to improve and regulate the nurse–patient ratio and to eliminate violence against Chinese nurses.
On the quest for supply chain transparency through Blockchain: Lessons learned from two serialized data projects
Authors: Rao Shashank , Gulley Allan , Russell Matthew , Patton Justin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ability to look into the supply chain has long enticed SCM scholars and practitioners. The possibilities created by such visibility are endless—from risk reduction and continuity planning to inventory management and cost reduction, nothing is off the table when end‐to‐end visibility is a possibility. Because of such enticements, there is usually much buzz in the industry every time a new technology that promises visibility and transparency is brought forward. Yet, years later, stories sometimes emerge that said technologies either failed to deliver or were not everything they were made out to be. Blockchain is yet another emerging technology in this space. Some consultants promise that it will be the final answer to the transparency and visibility woes that companies currently face. Yet, there is little empirical investigation regarding how the technology may benefit adopters, what the bottlenecks may be, and to what extent it may be able to deliver on these promises, without massive system‐wide upgrades of extant hardware and computing prowess. The current study takes a step in this direction by investigating a blockchain‐driven proof of concept across an industry consortium to identify promises, possibilities, and challenges of blockchain.
Analysis of T‐cell receptor repertoire in peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic cancer and other pancreatic diseases
Authors: Wang Hui , Yuan Yue , Lu Chenglin , Zhou Siqi , Zhang Yixuan , Zhao Jing , Xu Chenghu , Yang Jie , Su Haochen , Li Borui , Li Xihan , Wang Pin , Xu Guifang , Wang Lei , Zou Xiaoping , Bao Shanhua , Zhang Shu , Lv Ying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) has been the fourth cancer‐related death worldwide, diagnosed at an unresectable stage due to its rapid progression and few symptoms of this disease at early stages. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the diversity of T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PC and other benign pancreatic diseases. In order to make a comprehensive analysis the TCR repertoire, high‐throughput sequencing was used to differentiate complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR β chain in peripheral blood samples from 3 PC, 3 chronic pancreatitis, 3 pancreatic cystic lesions and 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour patients. We found that there were significant differences related to TCR repertoire between PC and other pancreatic diseases, and PC is a relatively immunosuppressive tumour. Changes of peripheral TCR repertoire may be used to predict the progression of PC and the response to immunotherapy. And there may exist novel‐specific antigens in PC patients which could be used to design targeting immunotherapy in the nearly future.
Environmental fluctuations dampen the effects of clonal reproduction on evolutionary rescue
Authors: Peniston James H. , Barfield Michael , Holt Robert D. , Orive Maria E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvolutionary rescue occurs when genetic change allows a population to persist in response to an environmental change that would otherwise have led to extinction. Most studies of evolutionary rescue assume that species have either fully clonal or fully sexual reproduction; however, many species have partially clonal reproductive strategies in which they reproduce both clonally and sexually. Furthermore, the few evolutionary rescue studies that have evaluated partially clonal reproduction did not consider fluctuations in the environment, which are nearly ubiquitous in nature. Here, we use individual‐based simulations to investigate how environmental fluctuations (either uncorrelated or positively autocorrelated) influence the effect of clonality on evolutionary rescue. We show that, for moderate magnitudes of environmental fluctuations, as was found in the absence of fluctuations, increasing the degree of clonality increases the probability of population persistence in response to an abrupt environmental change, but decreases persistence in response to a continuous, directional environmental change. However, with large magnitudes of fluctuations, both the benefits of clonality following a step change and the detrimental effects of clonality following a continuous, directional change are generally reduced; in fact, in the latter scenario, increasing clonality can even become beneficial if environmental fluctuations are autocorrelated. We also show that increased generational overlap dampens the effects of environmental fluctuations. Overall, we demonstrate that understanding the evolutionary rescue of partially clonal organisms requires not only knowledge of the species life history and the type of environmental change, but also an understanding of the magnitude and autocorrelation of environmental fluctuations.
Hydrophilic modification of poly(ether)sulfone membrane by atmospheric pressure argon jet plasma: pH dependence of ultrafiltration performance and cleaning efficiency
Authors: Damar Irem , Gulec Haci Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe studies focused on plasma surface modification of poly(ether)sulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane show its potent effect on antifouling propensity but there are few data on the pH dependence of superior surface character achieved. This study examined UF performance and cleaning efficiency of atmospheric pressure argon jet plasma (AP‐AJP) modified PES membrane in whey concentration at various operation pH compared to the plain membrane (UP020). The highest initial permeate flux for the UP020 at pH of 6.4 increased the cake layer formation and the irreversible fouling resistance. The plasma action led to greater intrinsic membrane resistance causing low water permeability compared with the UP020. This effect reduced cake layer resistance despite the fact that the irreversible fouling was more severe at all operation pH. The increase in pH caused to decrease in contribution of fouling to total resistance. For the UP020, the shift in operation pH from acidic point to neutral reduced the recovery in hydraulic permeability after chemical cleaning. The plasma action induced greater cleaning efficiency, which is the most obvious at pH of 6.4. The overall results showed that the AP‐AJP may have the potential to maintain profit‐making UF process in whey concentration at broad range of pH.Practical ApplicationsIn the industrial point of view, cost friendly, and sustainable operation in valorization of whey can be achieved by fouling resistant membranes. Atmospheric pressure argon jet plasma provides extremely hydrophilic character to poly(ether)sulfone membrane. The plasma action decreases fouling resistance and especially cake layer formation. This effect broadens the operating pH of whey without any pre‐adjustment and results in easy to clean membrane surfaces.
Diarrhea in tube‐fed hospitalized patients: Feeding formula is not the most common cause
Authors: Sripongpun Pimsiri , Lertpipopmetha Korn , Chamroonkul Naichaya , Kongkamol Chanon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimClostridium difficile‐associated diarrhea (CDAD) and enteral nutrition (EN)‐associated diarrhea are the most common recognized etiologies of nosocomial diarrhea. However, in clinical practice, the data regarding how each etiology contributes to the diarrheal episodes are limited. We identify the causes and factors associated with post‐feeding diarrhea.MethodsUsing the data of patients enrolled in “Effect of Psyllium Fiber Supplementation on Diarrhea Incidence in Enteral Tube‐Fed Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Trial”, the randomized controlled trial showed no difference in diarrheal incidences between fiber‐added and fiber‐free formulas. Hence, we analyzed the data of all enrolled patients. The causes of diarrhea were classified according to pre‐specified definitions. The factors associated with diarrhea were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsDiarrhea was found in 37.3% (n = 31/83). The most common cause was medication associated (61.3%). CDAD and EN‐associated diarrhea were found in only 9.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Patients with baseline albumin <3 g/dL and underlying cerebrovascular disease were more likely to develop diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio 5.70, 95% confidence interval 1.79–20.51, and adjusted odds ratio 10.83, 95% confidence interval 2.96–48.57, respectively). Compared with those without diarrhea, the length of hospital stay in CDAD patients was significantly longer (+23.1 days, P = 0.02), a trend of longer hospital stay in patients with diarrhea from other causes was observed (+3.2 days, P = 0.096).ConclusionsOur study found that the most common cause of post‐feeding diarrhea is medication associated. Review and cessation of possible drugs should be undertaken before EN modification. CDAD accounts for <10% of diarrhea causes, but it impacts the clinical outcome and should be identified and treated properly.
Platelet‐rich plasma with low dose oral minoxidil (1.25mg versus 2.5mg) along with trichoscopic pre‐ and post‐treatment evaluation
Authors: Jha Abhijeet Kumar , Zeeshan Md , Singh Anupama , Roy Prasoon Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow dose (<5 mg) oral minoxidil (OM) seems a promising option for male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA).AimTo evaluate the role of oral minoxidil 1.25 mg versus oral minoxidil 2.5 mg along with platelet‐rich plasma in MAGA.MethodsGroup A consisted of forty‐seven patients which included patients on OM 1.25 mg daily and platelet‐rich plasma therapy, and Group B consisted of 48 patients on OM 2.5 mg daily and platelet‐rich plasma therapy. Photographs were taken before and after treatment along with trichoscopic evaluation. Selection of the dermoscopic variables was based on the published literature.ResultsAt 24 weeks, marked improvement on Global clinical photography (GCP) were seen in 19/47 (40.4%) in Group A and 28/48 (58.3%) patients in Group B with p value of 0.058. The total increase in total hair/cm2 was around 24 and 36 in group A and B, respectively, with p > 0.05. The percentage increase in mean total hair count/cm2 after 6 month of treatment was 15.41% in group A and 22.15% in group B, but they were not statistically significant. The patient satisfaction score on a Likert scale between both group were statistically significant,with Group B patients having a better satisfaction score.ConclusionThis is a pilot study where OM along with PRP at different dosage (1.25mg vs 2.5mg) has been compared, low dose OM with PRP can be used in patients who are apprehensive of taking finasteride or dutasteride and are less responsive to topical minoxidil alone.