bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous multi-component MAX-DOAS observations for the planetary boundary layer ozone variation analysis at Chiba and Tsukuba, Japan, from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Irie Hitoshi , Yonekawa Daichi , Damiani Alessandro , Hoque Hossain Mohammed Syedul , Sudo Kengo , Itahashi Syuichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGround-based remote sensing using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) was used to conduct continuous simultaneous observations of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations at Chiba (35.63° N, 140.10° E, 21 m a.s.l.) and Tsukuba (36.06° N, 140.13° E, 35 m a.s.l.), Japan, for 7 years from 2013 to 2019. These are urban and suburban sites, respectively, in the greater Tokyo metropolitan area. NO2 and HCHO are considered to be proxies for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), respectively, both of which are major precursors of tropospheric O3. The mean concentrations below an altitude of 1 km were analyzed as planetary boundary layer (PBL) concentrations. For a more spatially representative analysis around the urban area of Chiba, four MAX-DOAS instruments directed at four different azimuth directions (north, east, west, and south) were operated simultaneously and their data were unified. During the 7-year period, the satellite observations indicated an abrupt decrease in the tropospheric NO2 concentration over East Asia, including China. This suggested that the transboundary transport of O3 originating from the Asian continent was likely suppressed or almost unchanged during the period. Over this time period, the MAX-DOAS observations revealed the presence of almost-constant annual variations in the PBL O3 concentration, whereas reductions in NO2 and HCHO concentrations occurred at rates of approximately 6–10%/year at Chiba. These changes provided clear observational evidence that a decreasing NOx concentration significantly reduced the amount of O3 quenched through NO titration under VOC-limited conditions in the urban area. Under the dominant VOC-limited conditions, the MAX-DOAS-derived concentration ratio of HCHO/NO2 was found to be below unity in all months. Thus, the multi-component observations from MAX-DOAS provided a unique data set of O3, NO2, and HCHO concentrations for analyzing PBL O3 variations.
Clinical exome sequencing facilitates the understanding of genetic heterogeneity in Leber congenital amaurosis patients with variable phenotype in southern India
Authors: Viswarubhiny Sriee , Anjanamurthy Rupa , Vanniarajan Ayyasamy , Bharanidharan Devarajan , Perumalsamy Vijayalakshmi , Sundaresan Periasamy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), primarily characterized by retinal degeneration is the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) responsible for congenital blindness. The presence of phenotypic heterogeneity makes the diagnosis of LCA challenging, especially in the absence of pronounced disease pathognomonic, yet it can be well comprehended by employing molecular diagnosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to reveal the causative mutations in ten LCA patients with variable phenotypes using clinical exome sequencing (CES).

Methods
CES was performed in ten unrelated LCA patients. Ophthalmic information and family history of all patients were obtained to make a meaningful interpretation. The clinical exome data was analyzed and prioritized using a bioinformatics pipeline to identify mutations, which was further validated by Sanger sequencing. Segregation analysis was also performed on available family members.

Results
CES led to the identification of causative mutations in nine LCA patients. Seven patients harbored a mutation in six LCA candidate genes, including RPE65, LCA5 (n = 2), CRX, PRPH2, CEP290, and ALMS1, while two patients possess a mutation in IFT80 and RP1, known to cause other diseases. Three novel mutations in LCA5 (c.1823del), CRX (c.848del) and CEP290 (c.2483G > T) were identified. The current study reports for the first time, a mutation in PRPH2, CEP290, and ALMS1 from the Indian population. Additionally, we observed a novel association of LCA phenotype with IFT80 known to cause Jeune syndrome. Based on the genetic finding, the patient AS09, who harbored a mutation in the RP1 gene, was re-diagnosed with early-onset retinitis pigmentosa.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the results underline the importance of CES in clinically diagnosed LCA patients with variable phenotypes. The correlation between mutations in candidate genes and clinical phenotypes, helps to refine the clinical diagnosis. However, molecular evaluation with a larger cohort of LCA patients is needed for better understanding of the mutational spectrum in southern India.
Usefulness of the Monti–Malone procedure as a reconstruction of the antegrade continence enema procedure: a case report
Authors: Saito Koichi , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Takashi , Arai Yuhki , Ohyama Toshiyuki , Yokota Naoki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedure is effective for severe constipation in patients with spina bifida and can improve quality of life (QOL). The Monti–Malone procedure (MM), which is a method of creating an enema tract from the colon, has been reported as an alternative to the ACE procedure when the appendix cannot be used. We report the usefulness of MM as a reconstruction of the antegrade continence enema procedure.

Case presentation
Our patient was a 22-year-old man with congenital spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery was performed immediately after birth, and preventative appendectomy was carried out during VP shunt repair when 4 months old. At 5 years of age, the ACE procedure using a balloon-button gastrostomy tube was performed for intractable chronic constipation. Simple management was expected, but after 17 years of age, he experienced increased stool leakage around the gastrostomy tube and his QOL declined due to difficulty in managing the ACE. Therefore, reconstruction of the ACE procedure by MM was performed. After reconstruction, the ACE performed well without any complications. The patient is currently satisfied because management of the ACE is easier than before, and his QOL has markedly improved without stool leakage and dermatitis.

Conclusions
MM is less likely to cause complications and is useful as a reconstruction of the ACE procedure.
Osteogenic effects of exosomes derived from human chorion membrane extracts
Authors: Go Yoon Young , Chae Sung-won , Song Jae-Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Human chorion membrane extracts (CME) are known to exhibit osteogenic effects when used for treating human osteoblast-like cells (MG63 cells), but the active compound in CME remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of exosomes in CME and to determine the osteogenic effect of CME exosomes on MG63 cells.

Methods
Exosomes were isolated from human placenta CME using the ExoQuick-TC solution and were characterized. The activity and deposition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on MG63 cells cultured with or without exosomes in osteogenic induction medium (OIM) were determined. Human amniotic membrane extracts (AME) were used as controls as they had not affected the osteogenic differentiation of MG63 cells in our previous study.

Results
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that exosomes isolated from CME and AME (CME-Exo and AME-Exo, respectively) had a cup-shaped structure. NanoSight™ particle tracking analysis (NTA) confirmed that the size of these exosomes was 100–150 nm. In vitro osteogenic experiments demonstrated that the exosomes from CME, but not those from AME, presented increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and resulted in the mineralization of MG63 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion
Exosomes were identified in CME and AME from the human placenta. Further, the exosomes from CME were found to be capable of promoting osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that exosomes are a key component of CME that stimulate the osteogenesis of human osteoblast-like cells. CME exosomes can be developed as promising therapeutic candidates for bone regeneration.
A hybrid heterogeneous Pythagorean fuzzy group decision modelling for crowdfunding development process pathways of fintech-based clean energy investment projects
Authors: Meng Yue , Wu Haoyue , Zhao Wenjing , Chen Wenkuan , Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects. In this framework, a new model has been generated by considering the consensus-based group decision-making with incomplete preferences, Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Moreover, a comparative evaluation has been performed with Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I. Kompromisno Resenje methodology and sensitivity analysis has been made by considering 4 different cases. The main contribution is to identify appropriate crowdfunding-based funding alternatives for the improvement of the clean energy investments with a novel MCDM model. By considering the iteration technique and consensus-based analysis, the missing parts in the evaluations can be completed and opposite opinion problems can be reduced. Furthermore, with the help of hybrid MCDM model by combining DEMATEL and TOPSIS, more objective results can be reached. It is concluded that the analysis results are coherent and reliable. The findings indicate that the full launch is the most significant criterion for equity and debt-based crowdfunding alternatives. On the other side, the analysis has the highest weight for reward and donation-based alternatives whereas design is the most essential item regarding the royalty-based alternative. Additionally, it is also defined that equity-based crowdfunding alternative is the most significant for the service development process of clean energy investment projects. In this way, it will be possible to provide a continuous resource for clean energy investment projects. On the other hand, by providing financing with equity, there will be no fixed financing cost for clean energy investors. If these investors make a profit, they distribute dividends with the decision of their authorized bodies.
Relationship between perceived social support and postpartum care attendance in three Latin American countries: a cross-sectional analytic study
Authors: Cardona Cordero Nancy R. , Ramos José Perez , Tavarez Zahira Quiñones , McIntosh Scott , Avendaño Esteban , DiMare Carmen , Ossip Deborah J. , De Ver Dye Timothy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Postpartum Care is a strategy to improve survival of women and newborns, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Early post-partum care can promote healthy behaviors and the identification of risk factors associated with poorer pregnancy-related outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the association of perceived social support with attendance to post-partum care in women from three Latin-American and Caribbean countries: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Honduras.

Methods
Women aged 18+ who completed a pregnancy in the past 5 years were interviewed in local healthcare and community settings in each country. Perceived social support (PSS) was the primary explanatory variable and the primary outcome was self-reported attendance to post-partum care. Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals derived from logistic regression documented the association between variables. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) were calculated, controlling for social and pregnancy-related confounders. Hosmer– Lemeshow’s Goodness-of-Fit statistic was computed to assess model fit.

Results
Our cohort of 1199 women across the three Latin-American and Caribbean countries showed relatively high attendance to post-partum care (82.6%, n = 990). However, 51.7% (n = 581) of women reported lower levels of total PSS. Women were more likely to attend postpartum care if they had mean and higher levels of PSS Family subscale (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.4, 2.7), Friends subscale (OR 1.3, 95%CI: 0.9,1.8), Significant Other subscale (OR 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.4) and the Total PSS (OR 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.5). All associations were statistically significant at p < 0.05, with exception of the Friends subscale. Women with higher levels of total PSS were more likely to attend to post-partum care (AOR:1.40, 0.97, 1.92) even after controlling for confounders (education, country, and food insecurity).

Conclusions
Women with higher perceived social support levels were more likely to attend to post-partum care. From all countries, women from Dominican Republic had lower perceived social support levels and this may influence attendance at post-partum care for this subgroup. Societal and geographic factors can act as determinants when evaluating perceived social support during pregnancy.
Transarterial embolization with n-butyl cyanoacrylate for the treatment of active abdominopelvic bleeding in the polytraumatized patient
Authors: de Freitas Rafael Kiyuze , Monsignore Lucas Moretti , Castro-Afonso Luis Henrique de , Nakiri Guilherme Seizem , Elias-Junior Jorge , Muglia Valdair Francisco , Scarpelini Sandro , Abud Daniel Giansante 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
An increasing number of polytraumatized patient presenting with active abdominal pelvic bleeding (APB) have been treated by endovascular selective embolization. However, reports on evaluate the efficacy, safety and complications caused by this technique have been limited. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of embolization of APB using N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue (NBCA).

Materials and methods
Single center retrospective study, that included consecutive 47 patients presenting with traumatic APB treated by embolization with NBCA between January 2013 and June 2019. The efficacy endpoint was defined as the absence of contrast extravasation immediately after procedure and clinical stabilization in the following 24 h after procedure. Clinical stabilization was defined as no rebleeding after embolization or the need for a surgical approach until the patient is discharged. Safety endpoint were any technical or clinical complications related to the embolization procedure.

Results
The mean age of patients was 38.6 years (3–81), with a predominance of males (87.2%). The major causal factor of APB being involvement in a car accident, accounting for 68% of cases. Of the 47 cases, 29.8% presented pelvic trauma and the remaining (70.2%) presented abdominal trauma. The efficacy rate was 100%, while no complications related to the procedure were observed. The mortality rate was 14.8% (7/47) due to neurologic decompensation and other clinical causes.

Conclusion
Endovascular embolization of traumatic abdominopelvic bleedings appear to be a highly safe and effective treatment, while avoiding emergent exploratory open surgeries.
What are the informational pathways that shape people’s use of cannabidiol for medical purposes?
Authors: Zenone Marco A. , Snyder Jeremy , Crooks Valorie A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cannabidiol (CBD) is commonly used to manage symptoms in conditions and diseases for which there is limited clinical research for its application. How consumers arrive and decide to use CBD for medical treatment, despite lacking clinical evidence, is largely unknown. In this paper, we seek to identify the informational pathways through which consumers arrive at CBD for medical purposes.

Methods
GoFundMe.com campaigns fundraising to purchase CBD between June 2017 and May 2019 were collected using the Crowdfunding for Health Research Portal (CHRP). Product descriptions were thematically analyzed to determine pathways leading to incorporation of CBD into medical treatment. Campaign characteristics such as fundraising ask, funding received, location, campaign title, description, Facebook shares, and number of donors were recorded. Specific medical uses of CBD proposed in campaigns were tabulated.

Results
The study identified 164 crowdfunding campaigns primarily from the USA (n=159), with several from Canada (n=5). The campaigns requested $2,219,284.24 (median, $7000) and raised $610,612.87 (median, $1805) from 6825 donors (median, 26). Many campaigns asked for other treatments or illness-related costs not specific to CBD. The campaigns were shared 42,299 times on Facebook (median, 156 shares). Three informational pathways were identified leading to incorporation of CBD into medical treatment, which were self-directed research (n=149), recommendations from a trusted care provider (n=36), and/or experiential insights shared by someone associated with or influencing the crowdfunders personal network (n=30). The proposed uses of CBD were for cancer (n=96), seizure-inducing diseases/conditions (n=48), other/unspecified (n=6), joint/inflammatory diseases (n=6), mental health disorders (n=3), nervous system diseases (n=3), and autoimmune diseases (n=2).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that consumers crowdfunding come to CBD through internally motivated reasons versus exposure to advertisements or other forms of marketing. Campaign beneficiaries generally had an unmet medical need that other forms of treatment were not satisfying. Then, through one or more of the informational pathways identified, CBD is considered a potential solution.
Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Egyptian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: El Ghamry Reem , El-Sheikh Mona , Abdel Meguid Marwa , Nagib Safi , Aly El Gabry Dina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To date, researchers do not fully understand what the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is. As a neurotrophin, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributes to the growth of neurons as well as to the efficiency and plasticity of the neuronal synapse, which suggests that it may be a contributing aetiological factor in ADHD. Therefore, we sought to investigate the relationship between ADHD and plasma BDNF, including whether there is an association between BDNF and the degree of severity of ADHD and with ADHD subtypes.

Results
We found significantly elevated plasma BDNF in ADHD subjects in comparison with healthy subjects, but differences among the three subtypes of ADHD did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
Compared with the control group, elevated plasma BDNF levels were found in the ADHD group, which suggests it may contribute to the aetiology of ADHD.
Arterial spin labeling assessment of myometrial perfusion changes in patients with uterine fibroid and its impact on fertility
Authors: Shady Magda Mohammed Shawky , Gibreel Ahmed Fathy El-said , Rashed Dina Rashed Mohammed , Tharwat Nehal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Fibroids are the most common uterine tumor in the reproductive age group. These tumors although benign, their relation to infertility is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to assess the fibroid impact on fertility using arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique.

Results
This prospective study included 40 cases (30 female patients having uterine fibroid and 10 age- and sex-matched control cases). The 30 patients were divided according to their fertility into 2 subgroups: fertile (n = 15) and infertile (n = 15). All cases underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination with ASL technique. The perfusion values were measured in the uterine walls, fibroids, and in the gluteus maximus muscle as control. ASL demonstrated non-significant difference in the perfusion between anterior and posterior uterine walls in the control cases and revealed significant difference in the perfusion between fibroid positive and fibroid negative uterine walls in patients with uterine fibroid (p value < 0.04). Perfusion values of the fertile and infertile subgroups showed no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion
Arterial spin labeling is an evolving technique that can be used to evaluate the myometrial perfusion changes in patients with uterine fibroid without using contrast media. Uterine fibroids were associated with decreased perfusion but with no statistically significant impact on fertility.
The usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in follow-up and recurrence detection for patients with lung carcinoma and its impact on the survival outcome
Authors: Gamal Gihan Hassan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
We assess the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of recurrent or residual tumor in post treatment patients with NSCLC and comparing the results with CECT, and we evaluate its impact to the clinical assessment and overall survival of lung cancer patients.

Results
A prospective study of 63 patients with potentially resectable NSCLC, were divided into 2 groups according to the initial staging of the disease and the early response to treatment.
Group A (n=29) patients were treated by curative treatment, and group B (n=34) patients were treated by palliative treatment.
Evaluation of patients was done during the follow-up period clinically every 3 months and by 18F-FDG PET/CT and CECT imaging at 6 months intervals.
In group A, 18F-FDG PET/CT correctly diagnosed all recurrent or residual tumors (n=7) whereas CECT diagnosed only 5 with 2 false negative cases.
In group B, 18F-FDG PET/CT correctly diagnosed all recurrent or residual tumors (n=23) whereas CECT diagnosed 16 patients with 7 false negative cases.
By comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CECT in detection of residual or recurrent lung cancer (n=30), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 100%, 92%, 92%, 100%, and 96% respectively, while of CECT were 72%, 95%, 94%, 79%, and 84% respectively in correlation with reference standard data. The calculated SUV max ranged from 2.1 to 4.9.
There was a significant difference in overall survival between patients in routine scan who had positive 18F FDG PET/CT result (median survival 18 months) and those who had negative result (median survival 45 months) (P<0.0001).

Conclusion
18 F-FDG PET/CT plays an important role in distinguishing post treatment changes from tumor recurrence in patients with lung cancer. Follow-up or surveillance 18 F-FDG PET/CT is a prognostic indicator for overall survival of patients.