bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
اللغة أداة فكر واتصال
Authors: خلف الله العبيد د ماجدة 
Published: October 2021

Human language has always been the most important means of communication used to transmit people's thoughts, knowledge, culture and civilization. Since knowledge is the basis of civilization, language has derived its importance from being its tool of expression. All societies have used different types of communication tools to highlight their forms of civilization- whether drawings, engravings, or manuscripts- but language remains the most important of all forms of communication.
Since the media represents the most effective means of educating the young generation (who spend long hours viewing, reading, or listening to the media), the role of the media in directing the young generation has become greater than that of the educational institutions in some cases. This has prompted some media experts to maintain that the media represents the first educational curriculum while the school represents the second. Therefore, when the media outlets use the correct forms of the Arabic language, they become the best source of the language, and in this way they promote the language On the other hand, the media can contribute to the decline of the language.
This study, entitled "Language as a Tool of Thought and Communication," is undertaken because of the important role that language plays in our lives at the emotional and functional levels. It uses the descriptive analytical method, which depends on collecting the research data and then comparing, analyzing, and interpreting it to reach acceptable generalizations. The study consists of three parts, it concludes with some results and recommendations.
الفقه الإسلامي حقيقته و تجديده
Authors: محمد المشرف الزين التوم 
Published: October 2021

It has been proved that there is a noticeable development in the term (fiqh) ‘jurisprudence’ through time. and then as a general term for all written works of jurisprudence.
The paper distinguishes between the terms ‘shari’a’ and ‘fiqh’ However, there is a close correlation between them, as ‘fiqh’ cannot be separated from ‘shari’a’.
After elaborating on the evolution and development of ‘fiqh’ in Islam, the paper deals with the issue of modernization of ‘fiqh’. It should be noted that modernization of ‘fiqh’ does not mean dumping the old version of ‘fiqh’ and replacing it with a ‘modern’ version. Rather, it means retaining the old ‘fiqh’, and updating the outdated areas in it.
On the other hand, many new issues which have emerged in our life requires reviewing the old provisions, especially what is known as the "fiqh ‘jurisprudence’ of emergencies".
Projected changes in temperature and rainfall during 21st century simulated by CSIRO-Mk-3-6-0 model under RCP based scenarios in Punjab
Authors: KAUR JATINDER , KAUR PRABHJYOT , KAUR SAMANPREET 
Published: October 2021

A study was conducted to assess the projected changes in climatic parameters during 21st century in Punjab state. The CSIRO-Mk 3-6-0 model simulated data was downscaled from the website http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/MarkSimGCM/ for seven locations under four RCP scenarios. The two future periods, i.e., mid-century (MC: 2020-2049) and end-century (EC: 2066-2095) were assessed on annual and seasonal (kharif and rabi) basis. During mid-century the annual, kharif and rabi seasons maximum temperature is projected to increase from baseline period between 0 to 1.5 °C, 0.3 to 1.5 °C and 0 to 1.6 °C, respectively; minimum temperature to increase from baseline period between 1.1 to 3.1 °C, 0.1 to 4.8 °C and 0.3 to 1.8 °C, respectively but the rainfall to decrease from baseline period between 33 to 554 mm, 20 to 443 mm and 20 to 110 mm, respectively. During the end-century the annual, kharif and rabi seasons maximum temperature is projected to increase from baseline period between 0.8 to 4.4°C, 0.8 to 4.3 °C and 0.6 to 4.9 °C, respectively; minimum temperature to increase from baseline period between 0.4 to 6.6 °C, 0.5 to 6.3 °C and 0.0 to 5.5 °C, respectively but the rainfall to decrease from baseline period between 3 to 610 mm, 14 to 506 mm and 17 to 107 mm, respectively. Rainfall was projected to increase at Abohar (11-41 mm) while it may decline at Amritsar (49-128 mm), Ballowal Saunkhri (501-554 mm), Ludhiana (131-152 mm), Patiala (148-187), Bathinda (49-82 mm) and Faridkot (33-67 mm).
Steganografi Pada Citra Terkompresi Metode Huffman
Authors: Suhendra Adhe 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK
Salah satu hasil dari kemajuan Teknologi Komputer telah memberikan dampak yang transformasional ( perubahan yang sesuai ) pada aspek kehidupan dan salah satu perubahan yang dapat kita rasakan langsung adalah dalam bidang pendidikan. Sulitnya mendapatkan buku sangatlah mempengaruhi minat siswa ataupun masyarakat untuk belajar dibidang steganografi, oleh sebab itu maka dirancang aplikasi teknk steganografi pesan ini. Aplikasi ini merupakan penyembunyian pesan pada citra yang dirancang dalam satu rangkaian agar dapat menarik minat masyarakat dalam mengirimkan pesan rahasia.
Tujuan aplikasi ini berfungsi untuk mempermudah para masyarakat dalam mengirimkan pesan rahasia, dan hal ini merupakan suatu alternatif dalam mengatasi beberapa masalah seperti lama terkirimnya pesan, buku yang sulit dicari, dan meningkatkan kepuasan belajar bagi pengguna serta dapat mengurangi pencurian data rahasia.
Teknik steganografi pesan pada citra menggunakan metode least significant bit terkompresi huffman yaitu metode yang dikembangkan dengan media komputer, dimana metode dari least significant bit mengubah nilai akhir dari tiap bit,sedangkan metode huffman untuk memperkecil ukuran data yang dikirim dan mempercepat proses pengiriman.
ANALISIS ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS VALUE DAN GREEN PRACTICES TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Juliana Juliana , Pramezwary Amelda , Djakasaputra Arifin , Novia Widjaja Jessica , Virgiana Wijaya Jessica 
Published: October 2021

Food and Beverage products or food and beverages are growing and growing rapidly. However, plastic becomes the raw material of F&B packaging until now is still a pro cons due to the health influence of the chemicals contained in it and not environmentally friendly. The environmental damage is now getting worse and has raised concerns. As knowledge increases, consumers increasingly know how to spend their money. Environmental Awareness value and Green Practices are considered by consumers to make a purchasing decision on a product. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of Environmental Awareness value and Green Practices on Consumer Purchasing Decisions on F&B Products.
Research was conducted online by distributing questionnaires through google forms to 96 respondents using descriptive quantitative analysis methods and data analysis using multiple linear regression tests, determination coefficient tests and F tests and t tests, which were processed with the SPSS program. The results showed that Environmental awareness value and green practices showed a positive and significant influence on consumer purchasing decisions on F&B Products.
Key Words: Environmental Awareness value , Green Practices, Purchase Decision
PENGGUNAAN PANGGUNG BONEKA INTERAKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Alvan Hazhari  , Uum Sumiyati  
Published: October 2021

Pentingnya pendidikan anak usia dini saat ini telah menjadi perhatian internasional. Dalam pertemuan Forum pendidikan dunia tahun 2000 di Dakkar, Senegal, telah menghasilkan enam kesepakatan sebagai kerangka aksi pendidikan untuk semua (The Dakkar Frame Work for Action Education for All) yang salah satu butirnya menyatakan: “Memperluas dan memperbaiki keseluruhan perawatan dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD), terutama bagi anak-anak yang sangat rawan dan kurang beruntung”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak usia dini. Peneltian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research ), Pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan Primer : reduksi data, display data, kesimpulan, Sekunder : buku, artikel, skripsi, dan jurnal. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan memperoleh hasil persentase yang menunjukan adanya peningkatan interaksi sosial, terlihat dalam kode kode data A1 65,6% meningkat menjadi 88,1% sehingga peningkatan yang diperoleh dari A1 sebanyak 16 %. Data A2 dari 56,63% menjadi 93,83% sehingga peningkatan yang diperoleh dari A2 sebanyak 37, 20 %. Data A3 dari 54 % menjadi 70% sehingga peningkatan yang diperoleh dari A2 sebanyak 16 %. Sehingga persentasi nilai rata-rata untuk meningkatkan motorik halus pada anak usia dini dengan media panggung boneka interaktif meningkat signifikan yaitu dari 58,74% sebelum menggunakan media tersebut menjadi 83,97% sesudah menggunakan media panggung boneka dan peningkatannya sebesar 23,06 %. Maka hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Penggunaan media panggung boneka interaktif dapat meningkatkan interaksi sosial pada anak usia dini.
A Sodium–Antimony–Telluride Intermetallic Allows Sodium‐Metal Cycling at 100% Depth of Discharge and as an Anode‐Free Metal Battery
Authors: Wang Yixian , Dong Hui , Katyal Naman , Hao Hongchang , Liu Pengcheng , Celio Hugo , Henkelman Graeme , Watt John , Mitlin David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRepeated cold rolling and folding is employed to fabricate a metallurgical composite of sodium–antimony–telluride Na2(Sb2/6Te3/6Vac1/6) dispersed in electrochemically active sodium metal, termed “NST‐Na.” This new intermetallic has a vacancy‐rich thermodynamically stable face‐centered‐cubic structure and enables state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical performance in widely employed carbonate and ether electrolytes. NST‐Na achieves 100% depth‐of‐discharge (DOD) in 1 m NaPF6 in G2, with 15 mAh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.4%, for 1000 h of plating/stripping. Sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) with NST‐Na and Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) or sulfur cathodes give significantly improved energy, cycling, and CE (>99%). An anode‐free battery with NST collector and NVP obtains 0.23% capacity decay per cycle. Imaging and tomography using conventional and cryogenic microscopy (Cryo‐EM) indicate that the sodium metal fills the open space inside the self‐supporting sodiophilic NST skeleton, resulting in dense (pore‐free and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)‐free) metal deposits with flat surfaces. The baseline Na deposit consists of filament‐like dendrites and “dead metal”, intermixed with pores and SEI. Density functional theory calculations show that the uniqueness of NST lies in the thermodynamic stability of the Na atoms (rather than clusters) on its surface that leads to planar wetting, and in its own stability that prevents decomposition during cycling.
Extreme Environmental Thermal Shock Induced Dislocation‐Rich Pt Nanoparticles Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Siliang , Shen Yi , Zhang Yang , Cui Baihua , Xi Shibo , Zhang Jinfeng , Xu Lianyong , Zhu Shuze , Chen Yanan , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCrystal structure engineering of nanomaterials is crucial for the design of electrocatalysts. Inducing dislocations is an efficient approach to generate strain effects in nanomaterials to optimize the crystal and electronic structures and improve the catalytic properties. However, it is almost impossible to produce and retain dislocations in commercial mainstream catalysts, such as single metal platinum (Pt) catalysts. In this work, a non‐equilibrium high‐temperature (>1400 K) thermal‐shock method is reported to induce rich dislocations in Pt nanocrystals (Dr‐Pt). The method is performed in an extreme environment (≈77 K) created by liquid nitrogen. The dislocations induced within milliseconds by thermal and structural stress during the crystallization process are kinetically frozen at an ultrafast cooling rate. The high‐energy surface structures with dislocation‐induced strain effects can prevent surface restructuring during catalysis. The findings indicate that a novel extreme environmental high‐temperature thermal‐shock method can successfully introduce rich dislocations in Pt nanoparticles and significantly boost its hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
A Lithium‐Silicon Microbattery with Anode and Housing Directly Made from Semiconductor Grade Monocrystalline Si
Authors: Sternad Michael , Hirtler Georg , Sorger Michael , Knez Daniel , Karlovsky Kamil , Forster Magdalena , Wilkening H. Martin R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMiniaturized and rechargeable energy storage systems, which easily power smart and (in vivo) sensors or the wirelessly networked transmitting devices of the so‐called internet of things, are expected to open unprecedented ways for how information can be shared autonomously. On the macroscale, such battery‐powered devices have already revolutionized our daily life by the use of mobile phones and portable computers. The eagerly‐awaited advent of sufficiently powerful and long‐living microbatteries will definitely make our lives more comfortable, especially in sectors such as medicine, security, autonomous driving or artificial intelligence in conjunction with fields where information need to be quickly shared, also including pandemic‐like situations. Here, a fully matured lithium‐ion microbattery with millimeter‐sized dimensions that can be manufactured by mass production methods well‐established in semiconductor industry is presented. The battery can directly be machined from wafer‐grade monocrystalline silicon which acts as both the electrochemically active anodic part and, at the same time, as the electrically insulating housing material of the accumulator. The high current output power (200 mW cm−2; 30 mA peak current) and the solid charge‐discharge stability of at least 100 cycles (10 mAh cm−2), combined with a high Coulombic efficiency near 100%, make the device ideally suited to be implemented in a large range of intelligent, self‐powered electric devices.
Agricultural extension and advisory services strategies during COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Baffoe‐Bonnie Anthony , Martin David Tanner , Mrema Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 lockdown policies that began in 2020 caused an unprecedented shock to developing countries’ agricultural activities, especially those in sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia. To reduce some of the impacts of COVID‐19 events, agricultural extension and advisory personnel created an avenue to assist farmers in these developing countries. However, since COVID‐19 protocols restricted public gatherings and close contact activities, agricultural extension activities had to be performed using unconventional ways such as mobile phones, radio, and television. This paper highlights some of the challenges agricultural extension and advisory service personnel encountered using these unconventional means of communication for their activities. We also present some solutions to these challenges that can enable policymakers to enhance agricultural extension activities performed unconventionally.
Optoelectronic Functionality of BiFeO3–SrTiO3 Interface
Authors: Zhang Hang‐Bo , Alexe Marin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne effective way to extend the functional degree of freedom for semiconductors is to introduce structural defects (e.g., surface or interface) and chemical defects as they commonly exist and modify the properties of the entity. Here, the optoelectronic properties of bismuth ferrite thin films and their tuning by the interface between the film and the strontium titanate substrate are reported. The defects that have been demonstrated, especially oxygen vacancies, are of paramount importance in the photoelectric properties of a film‐substrate system. A detailed analysis of the oxygen vacancy levels supports the role of the interface in carrier transport. These results provide a new strategy to design the optoelectronic device via usual defect doping and interface coupling.
Mechanistic insights into the oxidation of catalytically relevant AgCu near‐surface alloy interfaces
Authors: Cramer Laura A. , Deshlahra Prashant , Sykes E. Charles H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent heterogeneous catalysis studies have demonstrated that synergy between Ag and Cu can lead to more selective partial oxidation chemistries. We performed a series of scanning tunneling microscope experiments to gain a better understanding of the AgCu system under oxidative conditions. These experiments were carried out by exposing sub‐monolayer coverages of Ag on Cu(111), in the form of a near‐surface alloy (NSA), to range of oxygen exposures and temperatures. This enabled us to study the initial stages of oxidation of well‐defined Ag/Cu interfaces with atomic resolution and thereby understand the dynamic response of the AgCu NSA to oxygen environments. At low oxygen exposures, oxidation was observed on exposed Cu terraces and at the interface between the AgCu NSA and Cu(111). Higher oxygen exposure led to the segregation of Cu atoms up through the Ag layer and the appearance of surface adsorbed oxygen. Significant phase segregation of Cu was then observed at higher oxygen exposures at elevated temperatures, evidenced by the formation of Cu oxide patches within and on the top of the Ag layer. These results provide a more detailed picture of how AgCu NSAs interact with, and restructure in response to, oxygen.
Congenital X‐linked neutropenia with myelodysplasia and somatic tetraploidy due to a germline mutation in SEPT6
Authors: Renella Raffaele , Gagne Katelyn , Beauchamp Ellen , Fogel Jonathan , Perlov Aleksej , Sola Mireia , Schlaeger Thorsten , Hofmann Inga , Shimamura Akiko , Ebert Benjamin L. , Schmitz‐Abe Klaus , Markianos Kyriacos , Murphy Kristi , Sun Liang , Rockowitz Shira , Sliz Piotr , Campagna Dean R. , Springer Timothy A. , Bahl Christopher , Agarwal Suneet , Fleming Mark D. , Williams David A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeptins play key roles in mammalian cell division and cytokinesis but have not previously been implicated in a germline human disorder. A male infant with severe neutropenia and progressive dysmyelopoiesis with tetraploid myeloid precursors was identified. No known genetic etiologies for neutropenia or bone marrow failure were found. However, next‐generation sequencing of germline samples from the patient revealed a novel, de novo germline stop‐loss mutation in the X‐linked gene SEPT6 that resulted in reduced SEPT6 staining in bone marrow granulocyte precursors and megakaryocytes. Patient skin fibroblast‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) produced reduced myeloid colonies, particularly of the granulocyte lineage. CRISPR/Cas9 knock‐in of the patient's mutation or complete knock‐out of SEPT6 was not tolerated in non‐patient‐derived iPSCs or human myeloid cell lines, but SEPT6 knock‐out was successful in an erythroid cell line and resulting clones revealed a propensity to multinucleation. In silico analysis predicts that the mutated protein hinders the dimerization of SEPT6 coiled‐coils in both parallel and antiparallel arrangements, which could in turn impair filament formation. These data demonstrate a critical role for SEPT6 in chromosomal segregation in myeloid progenitors that can account for the unusual predisposition to aneuploidy and dysmyelopoiesis.
Decentralized targeting control of collinear agents
Authors: Wu Jinze , Pu Weihua , Zhang Fan , Yu Wenwu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with the decentralized targeting control problem of collinear agents in three‐dimensional space. Here the direction half‐lines associated with these agents are not coplanar on the baseplane determined by the agents and the target at the very beginning. The two direction angles of each direction half‐line in a local polar coordinate frame associated with each agent are adopted to denote the direction of the corresponding agent. The two agents at the two ends are assumed to already point at the target and stay there. Only through local information exchanges with the left and right neighbors, the remaining agents regulate their own direction angles locally so that their direction half‐lines eventually point to the same target. All the agents and the target are stationary in the sense that their locations do not change. The crucial idea of our designed decentralized targeting control algorithm is to exploit the geometric relations of the direction angles and the relative distances among three neighboring agents. The regulation of the projection lines of the direction half‐lines is the critical step to the present three‐dimensional case from the two‐dimensional one. Finally, the decentralized targeting control problem is converted into a Lyapunov stability problem and resolved. The validity of the obtained theoretical results is illustrated through numerical simulations.
Recent progress on the study of multi‐vehicle coordination in cooperative attack and defense: An overview
Authors: Zhou Jialing , Wu Xiongjun , Lv Yuezu , Li Xiaodong , Liu Zhaohui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCooperative guidance and control design of multiple vehicles plays an important role in obtaining benefits of cooperation for enhancement of combat effectiveness in modern military. A number of efficient cooperative strategies have been developed in literature within this context. This paper aims to provide a detail overview of the theoretical advances toward multi‐vehicle coordination for cooperative attack and defense. With a focus on the pertinent literature published in the past two decades, this topic is divided into two categories, namely, terminal‐time coordination and multiplayer pursuit‐evasion. The recent progress of these two categories is systematically reviewed, and a short discussion on future research perspectives is also presented.
Techno‐economic comparison of amine regeneration process with heat‐stable amine salt reclaiming units
Authors: Lim Jonghun , Lee Jesung , Moon Il , Cho Hyungtae , Kim Junghwan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost factories employ an amine gas sweetening process to remove sulfur compounds. During this process, heat‐stable amine salt (HSAS) is generated, which reduces process efficiency. Ion exchange resin and electrodialysis reclamation methods are employed for HSAS removal. However, the equipment cost, electricity, water, and raw material consumption of each unit vary according to the amount of HSAS reclaimed; thus, it is necessary to consider the cost. In this study, we compared the techno‐economic aspects of the amine regeneration process for individual HSAS reclaiming units, developed process models to predict operation costs, and verified our simulation results by comparing actual operation and design data. The proposed mathematical models can be employed to calculate various costs incurred during amine regeneration with HSAS reclaiming units. The economic crossover point is derived at 36.6111 kg‐mol/d by utilizing the models. This enables economically feasible units to be identified based on the amount of HSAS reclaimed.