bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of oat breeding lines to grain contamination with Fusarium langsethiae and T-2/HT-2 toxins
Authors: Gavrilova O. P. , Gagkaeva T. Yu. , Orina A. S. , Markova A. S. , Kabashov A. D. , Loskutov I. G. 
Published: December 2021

Fusarium disease of oats reduces yield quality due to decreasing germination that is caused by then contamination of grain with mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance of naked breeding lines of oats to fungal grain infection and to contamination with T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Thirteen naked oat breeding lines and two naked varieties, Nemchinovsky 61 and Vyatskiy, as well as a husked variety Yakov, were grown under natural conditions in the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center in 2019–2020. The contamination of grain with fungi was determined by the mycological method and real-time PCR. The analysis of mycotoxins was carried out by ELISA. In oats, Alternaria (the grain infection was 15–90 %), Cochliobolus (1–33 %), Cladosporium (1–19 %), Epicoccum (0–11 %), and Fusarium (3–17 %) fungi prevailed in the grain mycobiota. The predominant Fusarium species were F. poae (its proportion among Fusarium fungi was 49–68 %) and F. langsethiae (29–28 %). The highest amounts of F. langsethiae DNA ((27.9–71.9)×10–4pg/ng) and T-2/HT-2 toxins (790–1230 μg/kg) were found in the grain of husked oat Yakov. Among the analysed naked oat lines, the amount of F. langsethiae DNA varied in the range of (1.2–42.7)×10–4pg/ng, and the content of T-2/HT-2 toxins was in the range of 5–229 μg/kg. Two oat breeding lines, 54h2476 and 66h2618, as well as a new variety, Azil (57h2396), can be characterized as highly resistant to infection with Fusarium fungi and contamination with mycotoxins compared to the control variety Vyatskiy.
Polymorphism of CLE gene sequences in potato
Authors: Gancheva M. S. , Losev M. R. , Gurina A. A. , Poliushkevich L. O. , Dodueva I. E. , Lutova L. A. 
Published: December 2021

CLE (CLV3/ESR) is one of the most important groups of peptide phytohormones: its members regulate the development of various plant organs and tissues, as well as interaction with some parasites and symbionts and response to environmental factors. In this regard, the identification and study of the CLE genes encoding the peptides of this group in cultivated plants are of great practical interest. Relatively little is known about the functions of CLE peptides in potato, since the CLE genes of the potato Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk. were characterized only in 2021. At the same time, potato includes plenty of tuberous species of the genus Solanum L., both wild and cultivated, and the diversity of its forms may depend on differences in the sequences of CLE genes. In this work, we performed a search for and analysis of the CLE gene sequences in three wild potato species (S. bukasovii Juz., S. verrucosum Schltdl., S. commersonii Dunal) and four cultivated species (S. chaucha Juz. et Buk., S. curtilobum Juz. et Buk., S. juzepczukii Juz. et Buk., S. ajanhuiri Juz. et Buk.). In total, we identified 332 CLE genes in the analyzed potato species: from 40 to 43 genes of this family for each potato species. All potato species taken for analysis had homologues of previously identified S. phureja CLE genes; at the same time, the CLE42 gene, which is absent from the S. phureja genome, is present in all other analyzed potato species. Polymorphism of CLE proteins of S. commersonii is significantly higher than that of other analyzed potato species, due to the fact that S. commersonii grows in places outside the growing areas of other potato species and this potato is probably not one of the ancestors of cultivated potato. We also found examples of polymorphism of domains of CLE proteins that carried different functions. Further study of potato CLE proteins will reveal their role in development, including regulation of productivity in this important agricultural crop.
Editorial
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Jan 
Published: December 2021

In 1913, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for his sensitive, fresh and beautiful poetry. He wrote that the butterfly counts not months, but moments and has enough time. When people realise how short life is, they often develop a new gratefulness for life. But it also makes people more focused. Often in life we are faced with emergencies that call for urgent actions. These become our butterfly moments. For all education institutions across the globe COVID-19 has become a butterfly moment.
Challenging vision in visual arts in the South African sociocultural context
Authors: Steyn Raita , Sefotho Maximus Monaheng 
Published: December 2021

This conceptual article is anchored on critical phenomenology to challenge the monopolisation of visual arts by the sense of vision, thus depriving visually impaired people of aesthetic value beyond ordinary cognitive faculties. In this study, we discuss the forms of painting, drawing and sculpting defined as Visual Arts referring to appreciation only by vision; thus, excluding the visually impaired as unable to appreciate or create by sight. This exclusiveness has dominated and directed art aesthetics and ethics, allowing aesthetic criteria research projects and educational curricula to be established and, conventionally, maintain their static existence unchallenged. Furthermore, vision exclusiveness limits creative thinking and artistic inspiration. This article demonstrates the need and importance of broadening students’ artistic conceptualisation of inclusiveness in Visual Arts by exploring three fields of humanities education, i.e., academic, educational and sociocultural. The article challenges established stereotypes by introducing innovative approaches and opening alternative channels of creative and critical thinking in higher art education. From a sociocultural viewpoint in the South African context, the analysis questions the validity of certain firmly rooted stereotypical concepts about art values and standards by encountering the visually unimpeded and impaired. While the research broadens students’ artistic conceptualisation of inclusiveness in Visual Arts, it simultaneously promotes the concept of hephapreneurship (hepha+preneurship), a neologism inspired by the Greek god, Hephaestus, protector of arts and crafts, himself handicapped. The term does not draw attention to the inabilities of persons with visual impairment, but their creative abilities through encouragement and motivation. By direct and open exposure to the problem, the research promotes the importance of arts education as a challenging platform for interaction between two, by definition, opposed realities.
School and the community: Managing disruptive learner behaviour in rural learning ecologies
Authors: Lunga Prosper , Koen Mariëtte , Mthiyane Mthiyane Ncamisile 
Published: December 2021

Managing disruptive learner behaviour has for many years been a matter of concern to school administrators, teachers and parents. In Zimbabwe, teaching and learning processes have been affected by serious interference that has adversely affected the learners and the teachers. The research question addressed in this study relates to the strategies that can be utilised by communities and schools with a view of managing disruptive learner behaviour in rural learning ecologies. To answer the research question, we used a participatory action research design. This community-based qualitative study was underpinned by the critical consciousness concept that can be described as central to the application of critical thinking. Data were generated utilising focus-group discussions and reflective narratives with teachers and parents and analysed following Fairclough’s (1992) critical discourse analysis. The findings suggest that disruptive learner behaviour in rural schools could potentially be managed through parental involvement, the use of problem-solving approaches, learner participation in all school programmes and the antecedent-behaviour-consequence approach. The study concluded that disruptive learner behaviour should be properly managed within and out of school to achieve meaningful teaching and learning.
Ubuntu in South Africa: Hopes and disappointments – a pedagogical perspective
Authors: Van der Walt Johannes (Hannes) , Oosthuizen Izak J 
Published: December 2021

The indigenous sub-Saharan African philosophy of ubuntu that comes down to the expression: “I am a human being because of being with other human beings”, developed over centuries. This philosophy, embodying the notion of deep respect for all human beings, is rooted in a humane inclination towards kindness and sound relationships among all people. Before its adoption as a principle in the South African Interim Constitution of 1993, ubuntu had never been referred to, or codified in any statutory format. Since then, however, although not mentioned in the final Constitution of 1996, the humane undertones of the ubuntu philosophy have often surfaced in South African jurisprudence, particularly in cases involving citizens’ Constitutional right to human dignity (section 10). This paper examines the phenomenon that the actual modern-day practical, day-to-day life in South Africa does not seem to attest to application of the ubuntu ideal of maintaining and improving the human condition. After examining a number of possible reasons for this phenomenon, ubuntugogy is presented as a possible remedy for this condition. This paper reports on an interdisciplinary analysis involving philosophical, societal, anthropological, legal and pedagogical perspectives. A mixed method research methodology in the form of a social science based interpretive-constructivist qualitative approach combined with a legal approach was followed.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LOYALITAS KONSUMEN TOKO STARS MADIUN 2
Authors: Ridha Maisaroh  , Maulida Nurhidayati  
Published: December 2021

Consumer loyalty is a positive attitude given by consumers to a product or company caused by consumer satisfaction with the product or company which is manifested by repeat purchase behavior to recommend it to anyone they know. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of price, promotion, and service quality on consumer loyalty at Stars Madiun 2 Store. This research is a field research with a quantitative approach. Stars Madiun 2 shop consumers are the population in this study with 97 consumers as samples. Sampling was done by incidental sampling method. Data were analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results showed that price and promotion had a positive effect on consumer loyalty. While the quality of service has no effect on consumer loyalty. The magnitude of the influence of price, promotion, and service quality on consumer loyalty has an effect of 66.5% and 33.5% is influenced by variables that are not included in the model. The price variable has the greatest contribution to loyalty. The Stars Madiun 2 store must consider prices more carefully, such as providing more competitive prices, and offering a variety of products accompanied by good quality. After that, promotion and service quality can be improved.

Loyalitas konsumen merupakan sikap positif yang diberikan oleh konsumen kepada suatu produk atau perusahaan yang disebabkan oleh kepuasan konsumen terhadap produk atau perusahaan tersebut yang diwujudkan dengan perilaku pembelian berulang hingga merekomendasikannya kepada siapapun yang mereka kenal. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh harga, promosi, dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas konsumen Toko Stars Madiun 2. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Konsumen Toko Stars Madiun 2 merupakan populasi pada penelitian ini dengan 97 konsumen sebagai sampel. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode incidental sampling. Data dianalisis dengan metode Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga dan promosi berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Sedangkan kualitas pelayanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Besarnya pengaruh harga, promosi, dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas konsumen berpengaruh sebesar 66,5% dengan 33,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel yang tidak masuk dalam model. Variabel harga memiliki kontribusi paling besar terhadap loyalitas. Toko Stars Madiun 2 harus lebih mempertimbangkan harga dengan matang, seperti memberikan harga yang lebih kompetitif, dan bermacam-macam dengan diiringi dengan kualitas produk yang baik. Setelah itu dapat dilakukan peningkatan promosi dan kualitas pelayanan.
SARS-CoV-2 air and surface contamination on a COVID-19 ward and at home
Authors: Oksanen Lotta-Maria A. H. , Virtanen Jenni , Sanmark Enni , Rantanen Noora , Venkat Vinaya , Sofieva Svetlana , Aaltonen Kirsi , Kivistö Ilkka , Svirskaite Julija , Pérez Aurora Díaz , Kuula Joel , Levanov Lev , Hyvärinen Antti-Pekka , Maunula Leena , Atanasova Nina , Laitinen Sirpa , Anttila Veli-Jukka , Lehtonen Lasse , Lappalainen Maija , Geneid Ahmed , Sironen Tarja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been detected both in air and on surfaces, but questions remain about the patient-specific and environmental factors affecting virus transmission to the environment. Additionally, more detailed information on viral findings in air is needed. This cross-sectional study presents results from 259 air and 252 surface samples from the surroundings of 23 hospitalized and eight home-treated COVID-19 patients between July 2020 and March 2021 and compares the results between the measured environments and patient factors. The proportions of PCR-positive air and surface samples showed statistical similarity in hospital and in the home. In four cases, positive environmental samples were detected even after the patients had developed a neutralizing IgG response. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the following particle sizes: 0.65–4.7 µm, >7 µm, >10 µm, and <100 µm. Appropriate infection control against airborne and surface transmission routes is needed in both environments, even after antibody production has begun.
A Social Network Analysis of Collaborative Rangelands Governance: the case of Borana rangelands, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tolera Teferi , Senbeta Feyera 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Effective natural resources governance plays crucial roles in enhancing the resilience of the Socio-ecological systems (SES) in the face of prevailing environmental changes. It is recognized that the ability to adaptively respond to complex environmental change and manage SES resilience resides in the actors' networks. Network forms of governance facilitate both horizontal and vertical interconnection of actors, bring different perspectives and sources of knowledge, develop shared values and develop innovative solutions to the wicked rangeland problems. However, the structural pattern of the actors’ collaborative linkages highly influences how actors actually behave and, hence, impact the deliverance of effective governance. In view of this, by analyzing social networks (SNA), this study aims to identify the structural gaps that result in misfit in the Borana rangelands. As evident from the low level of network density obtained from quantitative SNA, there are very few horizontal and vertical interactions and linkages among actors in the Borana rangelands governance system which considerably blocks flows of knowledge, experiences and other resources indicating inability of the governance system in facilitating the solidification of shared values and joint action. The study further reveals that rangelands governance system in Borana is hampered by absence of adequate network heterogeneity and closure which in turn blocks the building of collaborative visioning and an efficient use of available resources to address complex problem. Thus, this study suggests that policy environment that can create conditions for more collaboration, strength of actors ties, development of trust and social capital and enabling the design of effective collective efforts should be put in place.
Rapid Adsorption Removal of Triclosan and p-chloro-m-xylenol In Water By Nitrogen Doped Magnetic Porous Carbon
Authors: Li Qiuxing , Huang Li , Zhu Paijin , Zhong Min , Xu Shuxia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Contamination of water resources with organic substances like phenolic fungicides is undesirable due to the improvement of living standards, huge production and consumption of daily chemicals, and an increase in the population. In this study, ZIF-67(Co) was synthesized using the “one pot method”, and the Co-magnetic porous carbon (Co-NPC) was prepared by ZIF-67 (Co) carbonization in an atmosphere of N2. The materials were tested using a X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption-desorption and magnetization analysis. These methods indicated that the Co-NPC was successfully prepared. With the original morphology of ZIF-67 (Co) crystal, the Co-NPC also has good porosity, magnetic properties and a large specific surface area. In water, Co-NPC-800 has a good adsorption capacity for triclosan (TCS) and p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX), which are kinds of aromatic fungicides. The adsorption of Co-NPC-800 on both reached equilibrium within 3 min, which is in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. At 298 K, the maximum adsorption capacity of Co-NPC-800 for TCS and PCMX was 163 and 39 mg·g-1, respectively. The adsorption of TCS and PCMX by Co-NPC-800 is a spontaneous endothermic process with reduced entropy. The combination of Co-NPC-800 and phenols come from multiple action of electrostatic, π-π and hydrogen bond effects. Moreover, Co-NPC-800 can be regenerated through simple washing and can be reused several times. Therefore, Co-NPC-800 has great potential to be applied across sewage treatments and other environmental fields.
Whole Genome Sequencing and Custom Liquid Biopsy Markers in Sarcomas
Authors: de Flon Felix Haglund , Arthur Cecilia , Awier Hero Nikdin , Chen Yi , Eisfeldt Jesper , Skaftason Aron , Hesla Asle , Tsagkozis Panagiotis , Stragliotto Christina Linder , Tham Emma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Sarcomas are rare tumours with heterogeneous clinical behaviour including varying rates of metastasis. Clinical treatment and follow-up rely on crude grading systems with uncertain accuracy for individual patients. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) detects both structural variation and single nucleotide variants and may thus add important diagnostic/prognostic information. Liquid biopsies (LB) may potentially identify hematogenous spread and treatment response rate but further evaluation in sarcomas is needed. Methods: In this study we explore the performance of individualized LB in four patients with different types of sarcomas. Fresh frozen tumour tissue was sequenced using WGS and whole transcriptome sequencing. Three putative driver variants or one fusion gene were selected per case and custom digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assays were designed, evaluated on tumour DNA and used to assess levels of cell free tumour DNA in plasma taken prior to surgery. Results: In LB, ddPCR identified three variants in one patient with metastatic disease. The remaining three patients had negative LBs and were without disease at follow-up (>18 months after surgery). Conclusions: WGS is a powerful tool to detect all types of genetic changes in sarcoma and can facilitate clinical diagnosis/classification while custom LB may add prognostic information.
Glycine-Induced Synthesis of Vaterite via Direct Aqueous Mineral Carbonation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum
Authors: Liu Xuemin , Pan Zhihe , Cheng Huaigang , Zhang Zhien , Cheng Fangqin , Wang Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mineral carbonation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) can not only sequester CO2 to mitigate the greenhouse effect, but also produce CaCO3 to generate economic benefit. A mixture of calcite and vaterite CaCO3 was produced by FGDG carbonation in our previous study. Nevertheless, the production of uniform crystalline CaCO3, especially for vaterite, still maintains a big challenge via carbonation of FGDG. Herein, nearly pure vaterite was synthesized via FGDG carbonation in the presence of glycine was reported firstly. The results show that the content of vaterite increased from 60% to 97% with increasing glycine concentration and then kept a constant value, indicating that glycine can promote the formation of vaterite and inhibit the growth of calcite. Additionally, the investigation of vaterite growth mechanism in the presence of glycine demonstrated that the formation of intermediate, glycinate calcium, played an important role to stimulate the growth of vaterite. This study provides a new insight to produce a high-valued vaterite CaCO3 during the direct mineral carbonation of FGDG.
Sorption of Uranium (VI) From Aqueous Solution Using Nanomagnetite Particles; Singly and Coated With Humic Acid
Authors: Ahmed Ismail Mohamed , Helal Aly A. , Gamal Rasha , aboEinien Salah , Helal Abdullah A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and humic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4/HA) were investigated for the removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution. Batch sorption experiments were studied as a function contact time, adsorbent mass, U(VI) concentration and pH. The sorption kinetic data follow the pseudo-second order while the isotherms are found to obey Langmuir model with maximum capacity (Qmax) of 230, 196 mg/g for Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/HA, respectively. The study reveals that humic acid decreases the sorption capacity due to the formation of a polyanionic organic coating and thus altering the surface properties of the particles and reduces the magnetite aggregation and stabilizes the magnetite suspension.
Stochastic behaviour of an interface-based memristive device
Authors: Yarragolla Sahitya , Hemke Torben , Trieschmann Jan , Zahari Finn , Kohlstedt Hermann , Mussenbrock Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A large number of simulation models have been proposed over the years to mimic the electrical behaviour of memristive devices. The models are based either on sophisticated mathematical formulations that do not account for physical and chemical processes responsible for the actual switching dynamics or on multi-physical spatially resolved approaches that include the inherent stochastic behaviour of real-world memristive devices but are computationally very expensive. In contrast to the available models, we present a computationally inexpensive and robust spatially 1D model for simulating interface-type memristive devices. The model efficiently incorporates the stochastic behaviour observed in experiments and can be easily transferred to circuit simulation frameworks. The ion transport, responsible for the resistive switching behaviour, is modelled using the kinetic Cloud-In-a-Cell scheme. The calculated current-voltage characteristics obtained using the proposed model show excellent agreement with the experimental findings.