bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The multi-imperial dimensions in treaty-port Tianjin and its historiographical significance
Authors: Yang Taoyu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The modern history of Tianjin, a northern port city in China, offers an intriguing urban case for scholars interested in comparative colonial practices. From the 1860s to the 1940s, Tianjin was home to up to nine foreign concessions and a sequence of different Chinese municipalities. While much scholarship on colonial history has focused on the interactive dynamics between the colonizer and the colonized, Tianjin’s colonial past draws attention to the multiplicity, multilateralism and multilayered trajectories at the heart of the colonial experiences of both imperialist powers and the Chinese. At the heart of this short survey are some reflections on the multi-imperial dimensions of the city of Tianjin. It also explains how the multi-imperial dimensions operated in Tianjin in its treaty-port incarnation and offers some considerations of how the Tianjin case contributes to broader historiographical conversations germane to the imperial–global–urban complex.
Self-regulated learning strategies in L1 and L2 reading
Authors: Reyes Marta , Morales M. Julia , Bajo M. Teresa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
English as a second language (L2) has become the medium of instruction in numerous contexts even though many people may have difficulties to read and study in L2. According to the self-regulated framework, metacognitive strategies are essential to achieve successful learning, but they are resource-consuming and their use might be compromised in demanding contexts such as learning in L2. In Experiment 1, nonbalanced bilinguals read high- and low-cohesion texts in L1 and L2 and self-rated their learning using a judgment of learning (JOL). Then, they answered open-ended questions and responded a customized questionnaire regarding their strategies. In Experiment 2, we introduced two bilingual groups varying in L2 proficiency. Overall, participants could adjust their JOLs and detect the difficulty of the texts correctly in L1 and L2. However, results evidenced some nuances in learning strategies related to L2 proficiency. We discuss these findings within the context of the self-regulated learning.
Tribute to Dr Milton Diamond: Twin Studies of Transsexuality/Twin Research Reviews: Loss of a Twin Brother (Recent Memoir); Oxytocin Adminstration During Twin Delivery; Models of Monochorionic Twinning; Twins’ Brain Responses to Watching Films/Human Interest: Oldest Conjoined Twins Pass Away; Twins Discordant for Child Abuse; Twins Married to Twins; Rare Quadruplet Set Delivered; Questions of Coincidence; Reared-Apart Twin Valedictorians
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA tribute to the life and career of Dr Milton Diamond, a leading figure in twin studies of transsexuality and gender identity, is presented. Dr Diamond is famous for revealing the truth about the unsuccessful effort to change a monozygotic male Canadian twin into a female, following accidental ablation of his penis during circumcision. A short summary of recent twin research on human sexuality and transsexuality, focused on Dr Diamond’s contributions, is then presented. The tribute and overview are followed by research reviews involving the loss of a twin brother; oxytocin adminstration during twin delivery; models of monochorionic twinning; and twins’ brain responses to watching films. The final section of this article covers topics of human interest, including the passing of the world’s oldest conjoined twins; twins discordant for child abuse; twins married to twins; the delivery of a rare quadruplet set; questions of coincidence; and reared-apart twin valedictorians.
Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) Seed Shatter in Wheat
Authors: Thorne Mark E. , Lyon Drew J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] has become a major annual weed in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production systems in the inland Pacific Northwest. With large genetic variability and abundant seed production, L. perenne ssp. multiflorum has developed globally 74 documented cases of herbicide resistance covering eight different mechanisms of action. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems were introduced in Australia in response to the widespread evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum L.) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.). The efficacy of these systems for any given weed species is directly related to the proportion of total seed retained by that species at harvest time. From 2017-2020, ten L. perenne ssp. multiflorum plants were collected from three different slope aspects at each location. Collections were initiated in each field when it was visually apparent that seed fill was nearly complete, and seed shatter had not yet occurred. Collection continued at near weekly intervals until the fields were harvested. The number of filled florets on a spikelet was used to assess the degree of seed shatter over time. Seed shatter at harvest was 67% of the total number of florets on each spikelet. Seed shatter was closely aligned with wheat kernel development in both spring and winter wheat. The high percentage of L. perenne ssp. multiflorum seeds that are shattered by harvest may make HWSC less effective than for L. rigidum in Australia; however, seeds with the greatest biomass tend to not shatter prior to harvest, which may increase the efficacy of HWSC for managing the soil seedbank. Strategies like planting earlier maturing wheat cultivars could help HWSC be more effective by having wheat harvest begin earlier when more L. perenne ssp. multiflorum seeds are still on the mother plant.
Implications of cover crop management decisions on Amaranthus species density and biomass in temperate cropping systems: A meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Singh Mandeep , Thapa Resham , Yadav Ankit , Blanco-Canqui Humberto , Wortman Samuel E , Taghvaeian Saleh , Jhala Amit J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Weed suppression benefits of cover crops (CCs) have long been recognized; however, the specific ability of CCs to suppress highly epidemic Amaranthus spp. (Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.), and waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer]) has not been widely discussed. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the implications of CC management decisions (CC type, planting and termination methods, residue fate after termination, and in-season weed management plan) on Amaranthus spp. weed density (ASWD) and Amaranthus spp. weed biomass (ASWB) compared to no CC (NCC) in temperate regions including US and Canada. We found 41 studies conducted across US and Canada and extracted 595 paired observations. The results indicate that CCs reduced the ASWD by 58% in the early- [0–4 weeks after crop planting (WAP)], by 48% in the mid- (5–8 WAP) and by 44% in the late- (>8 WAP) season. Similarly, CCs reduced ASWB by 59%, 55%, and 37% in the early-, mid-, and late-season, respectively. Meta-regression analysis showed CCs terminated within 2.5 weeks of crop planting reduced ASWD by ≥50%. Cover crop biomass required to reduce ASWD and ASWB by 50% was 4,079 kg ha–1 for ASWD and 5,352 kg ha–1 for ASWB. Among CC types, grasses and mixtures reduced ASWD by 60% and 77% in early-, 53% and 59% in mid-, and 44% and 47% in late-season. Legume CCs were effective only during the early-season (47% ASWD reduction) while brassicas did not affect ASWD. Cover crop residues remaining on the soil surface were more effective for reducing ASWD than incorporation. Cover crops did not affect ASWD or ASWB compared to NCC when herbicides were used for in-season weed management. In general, CCs were found to reduce ASWD, and ASWB, therefore can be used as an effective tool for integrated management of Amaranthus spp.
Checking the Uncertain
Authors: Hülsdonk Amrei , Pohl Anna , Appel Helmut , Wolters Carolin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Background: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) as a transdiagnostic concept describes difficulties in handling uncertain situations. In connection with illness anxiety, IU can occur along with safety behavior such as repeated checking of one’s body for signs of an illness ( body checking). Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the role of IU and illness anxiety in body checking experimentally. Method: In an online setting, 157 participants checked eight body features in a mirror. After practicing the self-assessment task (health-irrelevant framing), body features were framed as possible signs of an illness (health-relevant framing). Participants were expected to take longer, rate their health status lower, and have higher intentions to seek medical advice in the health-relevant framing. A mediation of IU through illness anxiety on these variables was expected. Results: The results do not support any of the hypotheses. Conclusion: The results could be explained by a defensive reaction among participants or methodological constraints such as order effects of the framings.
Episodic Seafloor Hydrothermal Alteration as a Source of Stable Remagnetizations in Archean Volcanic Rocks
Authors: Brenner A. R. , Fu R. R. , Brown A. J. , Hodgin E. B. , Flannery D. T. , Schmitz Mark D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterpreting the paleomagnetic records of altered rocks, especially those from Earth's earliest history, is complicated by metamorphic overprints and recrystallization of ferromagnetic minerals. However, these records may be as valuable as a primary signal if the timing and mechanism of alteration‐related remagnetizations can be ascertained. We illustrate the success of this approach in the case of seafloor hydrothermal alteration by integrating simple rock magnetic and magnetic microscopy data with petrography, hyperspectral imagery, aeromagnetic surveys, field mapping, and geochronology of Paleoarchean basalts from North Pole Dome located in the East Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. We identify 12 hydrothermal episodes during the deposition of the stratigraphy between ∼3490 and 3350 Ma. These episodes produced stratabound zones of hydrothermal alteration with predictable facies successions of mineral assemblages reflecting sub‐seafloor gradients in fluid temperature, pH, composition, and water/rock ratios. Rock magnetic data and magnetic microscopy pinpoint the secondary ferromagnetic minerals within each alteration assemblage, revealing a specific single‐domain magnetite population within leucoxenes (titanite and anatase after primary titanomagnetites) that always accompanies low‐water/rock alteration in fluids buffered to pH equilibrium with the host basalts. Highly uniform magnetic properties indicate that once formed, these magnetites remain unchanged upon further exposure to rock buffered fluids, stabilizing them against later alteration events and making them durable paleofield recorders. The altered basalts hosting this magnetite have unique and consistent appearances, mineralogy, IR absorption features, aeromagnetic signatures, and magnetic properties across all hydrothermal systems studied here, highlighting how integrating these data sets can identify and interpret this alteration style in future paleomagnetic investigations.
Lower Ionospheric Disturbances Due To Geomagnetic Storms of March and April 2023: Inferred From VLF Navigational Signals and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Tripathi Rajat , Bhaskar Dayanand , Maurya Ajeet Kumar , Kumar Sushil , Singh Rajesh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractD‐region effect of intense storm of 23 March (Dst = −163 nT) and super storm of 23 April 2023 (Dst = −212 nT) have been investigated using VTX and NWC transmitter signals recorded at low latitude station Dehradun (DDN; 30.31°N, 78.03°E), India. During March storm on 23 March, amplitude anomalies of +2.92 (NWC) and +1.91 dB (VTX) were observed. April storm showed amplitude anomalies of −9.41 (NWC) and −2.68 dB (VTX) on 23 April. Long Wave Propagation Capability code (LWPC) has been used to model signal anomalies to obtain D‐region Very low frequency (VLF) reference height (H′) and electron density gradient (β). During March storm, NWC‐Dehradun path showed a decrease in H′ by 12.04 km and an increase in β by 0.301 km−1, while VTX‐Dehradun path showed an increase in H′ by 0.07 km and β by 0.032 km−1 on 23 March. During April storm, VTX‐Dehradun path showed increase in H′ by 0.315 km and an increase in β by 0.024 km−1, while H′ increased by 2.91 km and β by 0.23 km−1 for NWC—Dehradun path on 23 April. Wavelet analysis of VLF anomalies showed signatures of atmospheric gravity waves of periods between 30 and 100 min during both storms associated with joule heating in the high/auroral latitudes. Results suggest that storm time prompt penetration (PP) of electric fields has contributed to VLF signal anomalies during April storm's main phase, which is also supported by PP Equatorial Electric Field Model run for the location of DDN station.
Mapping of Western Valles Marineris Light‐Toned Layered Deposits and Newly Classified Rim Deposits
Authors: Mishev Ivan G. , Smith Isaac B. , Quantin Cathy , Thollot Patrick , Putzig Nathaniel E. , Viviano Christina , Chojnacki Matt , Campbell Bruce 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLayered deposits are found on the plateaus surrounding the western portion of Valles Marineris, mantling the chasmata rims. These rim deposits exhibit intricate layering and are described as light‐toned layered deposits (LLDs) in previous studies. Light‐toned layered deposits are thought to be composed of pyroclastic ash that was emplaced during volcanic eruptions and later chemically altered. Using Shallow Radar (SHARAD) observations to map radar reflections from what appears to be the base of these deposits, we discovered two additional types of rim deposits that are contiguous with the well‐known LLDs; weakly layered deposits (WLDs) that exhibit less obvious stratification and completely unstratified deposits designated as nonlayered deposits (NDs). Complementing the SHARAD data with imagery from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) and Context Camera (CTX) and with narrow‐angle imagery from the Mars Global Surveyor Mars Observer Camera (MOC‐NA), we mapped the full extent of all rim deposits and present the finished map within this study. We hypothesize that all three deposits originate from pyroclastic ashfall but experienced different degrees of modification due to the variable presence of liquid water. This hypothesis requires a source of volcanic depositional material and past aqueous environments in regions with LLDs and WLDs. We discuss the potential for several large Tharsis volcanoes and a hypothesized degraded volcano within Noctis Labyrinthus as sources of the ash, and we examine the evidence for past aqueous environments.
Novel 3D composite for efficient photocatalysis in environmental remediation
Authors: Sulania Indra , Karn Ranjeet Kumar , Fiutowski Jacek , Leissner Till , Goszczak Arkadiusz , Chamanehpour Elham , Jayarathna J. A. Ajani Lakmini , Mishra Yogendra Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHighly porous, self-supported 3D interconnected network-based nanomaterials hold immense promise in revolutionizing the field of catalysis. These materials combine two critical features; a large accessible surface and an overall active surface that leads to substantial catalytic effects. In this study, we developed a novel class of 3D composite material composed of zinc oxide tetrapods (ZOT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer, specifically designed for photocatalysis. A polymer composite of ZOT with PEG has been synthesized with 2.5 wt.% ZOT powder mixed with a PEG solution forming a 3D electrode. A consistent composite solution was obtained using probe-sonication and its thick layers were deposited on various substrates using the spin coating technique which were subsequently characterized for optical, morphological, and structural properties. The catalytic response of the fabricated 3D composite was evaluated both in solution and thin film forms under UV exposure. The surface-engineered ZOT-PEG composites showed an excellent capability to degrade the methylene blue (MB) dye in different forms under UV and normal light, opening their potential scopes in environmental remediation.
Oncogenic PIK3CA corrupts growth factor signaling specificity
Authors: Madsen Ralitsa R , Le Marois Alix , Mruk Oliwia N , Voliotis Margaritis , Yin Shaozhen , Sufi Jahangir , Qin Xiao , Zhao Salome J , Gorczynska Julia , Morelli Daniele , Davidson Lindsay , Sahai Erik , Korolchuk Viktor I , Tape Christopher J , Vanhaesebroeck Bart 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Technical limitations have prevented understanding of how growth factor signals are encoded in distinct activity patterns of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, and how this is altered by oncogenic pathway mutations. We introduce a kinetic, single-cell framework for precise calculations of PI3K-specific information transfer for different growth factors. This features live-cell imaging of PI3K/AKT activity reporters and multiplexed CyTOF measurements of PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK signaling markers over time. Using this framework, we found that the PIK3CA

H1047R
oncogene was not a simple, constitutive activator of the pathway as often presented. Dose-dependent expression of PIK3CA

H1047R
in human cervical cancer and induced pluripotent stem cells corrupted the fidelity of growth factor-induced information transfer, with preferential amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling responses compared to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin receptor signaling. PIK3CA

H1047R
did not only shift these responses to a higher mean but also enhanced signaling heterogeneity. We conclude that oncogenic PIK3CA

H1047R
corrupts information transfer in a growth factor-dependent manner and suggest new opportunities for tuning of receptor-specific PI3K pathway outputs for therapeutic benefit.
L’ingénierie ciblée de l’épigénome
Authors: Martin Hedvika , Wassef Michel 
Published: December 2024

La différenciation et l’homéostasie cellulaires reposent sur des mécanismes élaborés de contrôle de l’expression des gènes, qui permettent aux différents lignages cellulaires d’un organisme d’établir puis de « mémoriser » différents états épigénétiques. Les processus qui contrôlent l’expression des gènes sont centrés sur la chromatine, un complexe composé d’ADN, de protéines histones et d’ARN, dont la structure est finement régulée. Les outils d’ingénierie de l’épigénome permettent d’interférer avec ces processus et de les étudier, révélant la logique des mécanismes de mémoire épigénétique. Cet article présente les principales classes d’outils de modification ciblée de l’épigénome et illustre comment ils peuvent être utilisés afin de mieux comprendre et modifier l’épigénome des cellules, ouvrant la voie à des perspectives thérapeutiques révolutionnaires.
Kraft und Ausdauerleistung zur Bestimmung der Fitness: Sollte die Rumpfkraft mehr Beachtung in der Diagnostik der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit bei belasteten Berufsgruppen wie Soldaten finden?
Authors: Fehrmann Sabrina , Lison Andreas , Geissler Daniel , Bünzen Claudia , Schulze Christoph , Weber-Spickschen Sanjay Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Sportmedizinische Untersuchungen zur Überprüfung der körperlichen Fitness in der körperlich als hoch belastet geltenden Berufsgruppe der Soldaten umfassen Parameter zur Abschätzung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren und Fitness. In diesem Kontext stand die Bestimmung der Rumpfkraft bisher nicht im Fokus. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es daher, Zusammenhänge zwischen kardialen Fitnessparametern und isokinetischer Rumpfkraft bei einer solchen Berufsgruppe genauer zu betrachten.
Material und Methoden In der retrospektiven explorativen Querschnittserhebung wurden Messwerte isokinetischer Rumpfkraft, Laufbandergometrie, Sprinttest und Waist-to-Height-Ratio von 376 Soldaten mit körperlich fordernden Verwendungen mittels deskriptiver Statistik und Pearson-Korrelationsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Zwischen den Parametern der isokinetischen Rumpfkraftmessung und Ergometrie oder WHtR konnten keine signifikanten Korrelationen nachgewiesen werden. Die Korrelationsanalyse des Flexions-/Extensionsverhältnisses der isokinetischen Rumpfkraft mit der läuferischen Schnellkraft, ergab schwache positive Zusammenhänge für das maximale Drehmoment (r=0,161; p=0,002), für die verrichtete Arbeit (r=0,149; p=0,005) und für die durchschnittliche Leistung (r=0,157; p=0,003). Schwache, aber signifikante Zusammenhänge konnten im Rahmen der Ergometrie bei 4 mmol Laktat zwischen Herzfrequenz und WHtR (r=− 0,193; p<0,001) sowie Geschwindigkeit und WHtR (r=− 0,269; p<0,001) ermittelt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Rumpfkraftmessung und kardiale Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit erlauben keine wechselseitigen Rückschlüsse. Eine optimale Abschätzung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit wird durch alleinige Bestimmung von kardialer Ausdauer und Risiken nicht erreicht. Die zusätzliche Bestimmung der isokinetischen Rumpfkraft ist wertvoll für eine genauere Einschätzung von muskuloskelettaler Leistungsfähigkeit bei körperlich belastetenBerufsgruppen, wie Soldaten.
Race and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: Concerning Associations after Endonasal Transsphenoidal Pituitary Resection
Authors: Rosen Ross , Cabrera Claudia I. , Karasik Daniel , Richter John , Rodriguez Kenneth , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. , D'Anza Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective To identify and describe differences in the rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks after transsphenoidal pituitary resection (TSPR) on a demographic basis.
Design Multi-institution health care database study.
Setting TriNetX research database.
Methods The database TriNetX was searched for rates of CSF leaks after TSPR. Patients were excluded if they had a CSF leak diagnosed any time prior to postoperative day number one. Demographic factors such as sex and race were compared in cohorts matched by other demographic characteristics, obstructive sleep apnea, body mass index categories, functional adenoma status, nicotine use, and concurrent lumbar drain placement.
Results A total of 8,741 patients were included in the analysis, with a total rate of postoperative CSF leak of 2.62%. After matching, race and sex were both significant risk factors for CSF leak, with Black patients having a higher risk when compared with White patients (risk ratio [RR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.60) and females having a higher risk compared with males (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00–1.77).
Conclusion Even when matching for obstructive sleep apnea, weight, functional adenoma status, nicotine use, and concurrent lumbar drain placement, Black and female patients had higher rates of CSF leaks in the month following surgery. This finding highlights an important gap in the literature that should be addressed through future prospective studies and the need to better understand potential demographic disparities in health care.