bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND OCHRATOXIN A IN WALNUT AND PEANUT
Authors: & et al. Khalifa 
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted at the Department of Plant Protection-College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during 2015 -2016. The objective of the study is to investigate the contamination of the fungus Aspergillus niger in the seeds of peanuts and walnuts from the Iraqi local markets and the ability of these isolates to produce ochratoxin A in artificial medium. Forty samples of peanuts and walnuts were collected from local markets of the governorates of Baghdad, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah , Anbar and Dyiala for isolation test of A. nigar. Results showed that A.niger was founded in the samples of walnuts from Erbil at percentage of 50% and 42.8% in the samples of peanuts from Baghdad ,and 40 % in peanuts from each Anbar and Dyiala, in addition to the fungus A.flavus at a rate of33.3 و 28.8 % in the walnuts from Erbil and Baghdad respectively and 30% و28.8% in the peanuts from Anbar and Baghdad respectively. Eleven isolates of fungus A.niger was tested against its ability to produce Ochratoxin A after grown in yeast and sucrose extract media and analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) under UV light wave length of 365 nanometer, two isolates were identified (K,E) out of the A.niger fungus isolated from peanuts found to be able to produce Ochratoxin A at different rates, depending on the degree of the brightness of the spots compared with standard Toxin. Then the eleven isolates were identified by morphology characters and confirm by using specific primer NIG1and NIG2, all the isolates showed to be A.niger.
EFFECT OF SUB -LETHAL DOSE OF SOME INSECT GROWTH INHIBITORS ON SOME PHYSICAL FEATURES OF WINGS CUTICLE OF AMERCINCA COCKROACH PERIPLANETA AMERICANA
Authors: & Al- Mallah Mansor 
Published: September 2021

The results of treating the last nymphal instar of periplaneta americana by sub-lethal dose (o.1 ml of 0.2%) of Azadirachtin . Lufenuron and Methoxyfenozide . on some physical features of adults wings produced from treated nymphs. The results revealed asignificant variation in wings cuticle resistance to electrical current between treatment and control. The control treatment showed a highest degree of electrical resistance in front and hind wings of right and left direction and reached 157.89 . 170.89 . 134.33 . and 170.89 omh/m respectively. The electrical resistance of wings cuticle in treatments were varied according to the kinds of insect growth in hibitors . The same treatment also exhibited a varied degree of wings absovption to ultra violet and infrared rays at different wave length according to the kind of IGR and wave length in comparison with control treatment . these results confirmed that IGR changed the texture and components of the treated wings with IGR.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SKIP FEEDING PROGRAMS ON BROILER CHICKS’ PERFORMANCE
Authors: & et al. Shawkat 
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to find out how the performance of feed at different age periods affect the productive of birds . A total of 240-day-old broiler chicks have been used (Ross 308), were applied. The chick’s groups were assigned to four treatments with every replicates four times and were distributed randomly into 16 groups of 15 chicks of average body weight in each pen. The research was conducted out on chicks two weeks old. T0 (control): (Feed is provided continuously and permanently for birds), T1: Skip every 1 day: (Provide the feed for one day and cut it the next day and so on until the age of 42 days), T2: Skip every 2 days: (Providing the feed for two consecutive days, cutting it the next day, and so on until the age of 42 days), and T3: Skip every 3 days: (Feed is available for three days in front of the chicks, chicks were remained without feeding the next day, and so on until the end of the study so on until the age of 42 days). No significant variations (P ≤ 0,05) were noticed between the various treatments, during the overall period (15-42) days of age in all characteristics of productive performance, while significant differences were found between the factors in the Production Index and Economic Figure. The differences between treatments are limited to the age periods (15-21), (22-28), and (29-42) days in most characteristics of productive performance.
MODELING OF SUBSURFACE HORIZONTAL POROUS PIPE IRRIGATION UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Rasheed Z. K. 
Published: September 2021

Horizontal porous pipe method is one of the most efficient systems of irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas. The main aim of this study is to simulate the subsurface horizontal porous pipe irrigation under different conditions. By this method of irrigation, an optimum amount of water is reached to the crop. Moreover, it saves more water than the other irrigation systems. Simulation models by HYDRUS/2D are described the distribution of wetting shapes in two different soil textures through the system of United States Department of Agriculture, USDA, namely as loam and silt soils. The system is designed for three diameters of 6, 7, and 8 cm installed at 15, 20, and 25 cm below the soil surface under three application heads of 25, 50, and 75 cm. Horizontal and vertical advance of the wetting front shapes in loam are greater than silt soil. The numerical values of horizontal and vertical advance are compared with those of predicted by the formulas, showing that average relative error values not more than 2 %. This indicated that the formulas may be used as a tool for designing and investigating the subsurface horizontal porous pipe irrigation system.
To lead or to influence?
Authors: Do Victor , Maniate Jerry M , Sonnenberg Lyn K 
Published: September 2021

One skill set identified within the CanMEDS Framework (CanMEDS) as essential to training future physicians is the Leader role. Arguably however, the term Leader carries certain connotations that are inconsistent with the abilities outlined by CanMEDS as necessary for physicians. For example, the term Leader may connote hierarchical authority and formalized responsibilities, while de-emphasizing informal day-to-day influencing. This CanMEDS role was first labelled Manager, but was re-named Leader in 2015. Perhaps the focus of this CanMEDS role should be further refined by adopting a more representative term that reflects the concept of intentional influence. Through this lens, learners can discern significant opportunities to influence positively each of the clinical and non-clinical environments they encounter. We suggest that re-framing the Leader role as an Influencer role will be more comprehensive and inclusive of its full scope and potential. Accordingly, given the potential for broader applicability and resonance with learners, collaborators, and the populations we serve, consideration should be given to re-characterizing the CanMEDS role of Leader as that of Influencer.
Pusat Pengelolahan Bambu Di Kabupaten Nagekeo Dengan Tema Eko Arsitektur
Authors: Nggala Irenius Sines , Dede Petrus Jhon Alfred Depa , Kerong Fabiola T.A. 
Published: September 2021

Sejalan dengan perkembangan jaman, kebutuhan kayu untuk konstruksi dan mebel semakin langka dan mahal. Maka dari itu muncul ide-ide dasar untuk mencari alternatif pengganti kayu untuk konstruksi dan mebel. Bambu adalah alternatifnya. Namun perlu di lakukan proses pengawetan agar menghasilkan bambu yang kuat dan tahan lama. VSD (Vertical Soak Diffusion) merupakan proses pengawetan bambu dengan menggunakan borax yang ramah lingkungan. Selain VSD, sekarang sering dijumpai produk-produk bambu komposit atau lebih dikenal bambu laminasi. Bambu laminasi merupakan proses pembuatan bilah-bilah bambu menjadi balok-balok bambu dengan menggunakan mesin-mesin tertentu. Kabupaten Nagekeo adalah salah satu daerah agro-industri bambu di Pulau Flores. Sebagai daerah agro-industri bambu, pemerintah Kabupaten Nagekeo harus bisa memanfaatkan potensi bambu di wilayahnya sendiri agar bisa bermanfaat bagi mereka sendiri, baik untuk peningkatan pendapatan daerah maupun penyediaan lapangan pekerjaan. Sehingga perlu ada sebuah wadah milik pemerintah untuk mengelolah bambu di Kabupaten Nagekeo. Dalam ilmu arsitektur, pemanfaatan potensi dalam suatu wilayah sering di sebut eko-arsitektur. Eko-artsitektur secara umum merupakan disiplin ilmu perancangan arsitektur yang berwawasan lingkungan dan pemanfaatan potensi wilayah. Perencanaan dan perancangan pusat pengelolahan bambu di Kabupaten Nagekeo dengan tema eko-arsitektur ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian berupa wawancara, observasi, studi pustaka/literature dan studi banding. Pada hasil rancangannya, pusat pengelolahan bambu di Kabupaten Nagekeo dengan tema eko-arsitektur ini menerapkan beberapa kaidah-kaidah eko-arsitektur yakni penekanan pada penggunaan material bambu, pemanfaatan sumber air sungai sekitar tapak sebagai sumber air bersih, penggunaan solar panel untuk energi listrik, pemanfaatan material ramah lingkungan dan tetap membiarkan kontur dalam keadaan alami.
Spectral and Petrographic Properties of Inclusions in Carbonaceous Chondrites and Comparison with In Situ Images from Asteroid Ryugu
Authors: Otto K. A. , Schröder S. E. , Scharf H. D. , Greshake A. , Schmitz N. , Trauthan F. , Pieth S. , Stephan K. , Ho T.-M. , Jaumann R. , Koncz A. , Michalik T. , Yabuta H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We imaged a set of carbonaceous chondrites from the CM2, CO3, CV3, and CK4 groups using the qualification model of MasCam, the camera on board the asteroid lander MASCOT, which touched down on asteroid Ryugu in 2018 October. A CI1 meteorite was also imaged but excluded from the analysis due to prominent terrestrial weathering. Following the methods used to image the rock on Ryugu, we placed a total of 14 meteorites approximately 20 cm in front of the camera to achieve a spatial resolution of about 0.2 mm per pixel and illuminated the samples with onboard light-emitting diodes of four different colors in the visible wavelength range. We mapped bright and dark inclusions within the meteorites and derived the inclusion brightness relative to the matrix in the red light, the relative spectral slope of each inclusion, the inclusion size frequency distribution and the matrix volume abundance. We find that the meteorite groups overlap within these parameters, but individual samples, as well as individual inclusions, can have deviating values. Terrestrial weathering appears to have no systematic influence on these parameters. Relating our analysis to the inclusions found in the rock on Ryugu, we find that the spectral parameters of Ryugu’s inclusions fit well in the parameter space of the carbonaceous chondrites. Compared with the most common types of carbonaceous chondrites, Ryugu’s rock has larger inclusions (mean diameter: 0.63 ± 0.91 mm) and a higher upper limit to the matrix abundance (92.4 vol%).
Du dessin libre des enfants au dessin de guerre
Authors: Lachal Christian 
Published: September 2021

Le dessin libre de l’enfant est adressé, il doit trouver son destinataire et compter sur son accueil bienveillant. Le dessin libre trouve sa place aux côtés d’autres formes d’expression et de communication : le langage, l’écriture, le jeu. Sa valeur a été reconnue tardivement, en particulier par les écrits des psychanalystes d’enfants. L’article met en avant les particularités du dessin libre effectué dans des contextes violents – guerres et exils forcés – et souligne qu’il est un puissant vecteur de soulagement pour l’enfant, car il permet souvent de soigner ses blessures psychiques. Le potentiel narratif du dessin lui donne une valeur de langage et peut permettre à l’enfant traumatisé d’user de son dessin comme d’un étayage identificatoire.
Crises, urgences et hospitalisations en pédopsychiatrie au temps de l’épidémie de la COVID-19
Authors: Varnoux Aurélien , Amar Julien 
Published: September 2021

Un clinicien qui reçoit un mineur dans un service d’urgences pour un motif psychiatrique doit évaluer concomitamment la gravité du symptôme, la subjectivité de la souffrance et la demande de soin, l’inquiétude de l’entourage et la capacité à contenir le symptôme. Une venue aux urgences raconte légitimement une « crise », sans nécessairement répondre à une urgence au sens médical du terme. Depuis plusieurs années, le taux de recours aux urgences augmente régulièrement, disant l’intensité de la souffrance psychique de la population et les insuffisances du système de soins… La pandémie de COVID-19 avait fait craindre une déstabilisation psychique massive chez les mineurs, fussent-ils suivis préalablement ou non, en écho à la désorganisation du système de soin. Cela avait obligé l’unité d’hospitalisation psychiatrique pour adolescents de l’hôpital Robert Ballanger, à Aulnay-sous-bois (93), à formaliser les processus d’admission et les soins. Nous allons présenter ces modalités de soins après avoir repris quelques éléments théoriques et statistiques au sujet des urgences et crises en pédopsychiatrie. Mais il s’est avéré que la « vague psychiatrique » n’a pas eu lieu en parallèle à la vague « infectieuse », mais nous sommes aujourd’hui au cœur de la tourmente, constatant les effets différés de la pandémie de COVID-19.
The Role of the School Food Environment in Improving the Healthiness of School Canteens and Readiness to Reopen Post COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Conducted in Indonesia
Authors: Hadi Hamam , Triastanti Resti K. , Anggraeni Devita , Nurwanti Esti , Lewis Emma C. , Colon-Ramos Uriyoan , Kang Yunhee , Yamaguchi Miwa , Gittelsohn Joel 
Published: September 2021

Background Indonesian school children spend one-third of their time in school, where they are exposed to a variety of foods at school canteens. However, the healthiness of school canteens is not yet well understood. This study was conducted to characterize the healthiness and quality of management of school canteens, and measure readiness of school canteens to reopen following COVID-19 closures. Design and methods Mixed methods were used to conduct a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from schools located in the Bantul District of Indonesia. Primary schools (n=152) were randomly selected, with a final sample size of 147. Data were collected using Google Forms, delivered via WhatsApp or e-mail. School canteens were classified as healthy if they had a Healthy Canteen Score (HCS) ≥10, or unhealthy if they had a HCS<10. Results Less than half (43.5%) of school canteens were deemed to be healthy. School canteens were more likely to be healthy if the canteen manager had a formal decision letter (OR=15.2; 95% CI=3.7-62.5); used print material messaging (OR=3.2 to 4.6 times); or received inspection by external officers periodically (OR=2.8; 95% CI=1.04-7.5). Readiness to reopen was 4.5 (OR=4.5; 95%CI: 1.1-17.9) times higher among schools that had their own canteen, and 4 (OR=3.9; 95% CI=1.1-13.8) times higher among schools located in rural areas, adjusting for the remaining variables. Conclusions School canteen healthiness can be improved by implementing national food policy and healthy school canteen standards accompanied by the existence of good management practices within schools, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparison of Gabbet's staining, Ziehl–Neelsen staining with fluorescent microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Sharmila , Nagmoti Jyoti M. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Sputum staining for acid-fast bacilli and microscopic examination methods are more sensitive and specific, less time consuming, low cost than other methods for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study conducted over 1-year (n = 109), the sensitivity, specificity and cost-effectiveness of Gabbet's staining, Ziehl–Neelsen (Z-N) staining for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB were studied considering with fluorescence staining method as the gold standard.

Results:
Majority of the patients belonged to the age group between 21 and 40 years (45.5%). With fluorescence staining, it was found that 25 of the 44 positive smears were of good quality, 12 were of average quality and 7 had poor quality. With Z-N staining, 9/29 of the positive smears were of good quality, 10 were of average quality and poor quality each. With Gabbet's staining, 12 of the 33 positive smears were of good quality, 14 were of average quality and 7 were of poor quality. The sensitivity of the Gabbet's staining (75%) was found to be greater than the Z-N staining (65.9%) considering fluorescence staining as the gold standard.

Conclusions:
Gabbet's staining can be used as an effective alternative to Z-N staining in low resource settings.
Study of quality of sputum being submitted for smear examination
Authors: Regati Maneesha , Srikanth E. , Gowrinath Karanam 
Published: September 2021

Background:
One of the key factors influencing the results of sputum smear microscopy is the quality of sputum being submitted.

Methods:
This is a prospective study of quality of sputum specimens being submitted for smear examination under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme and its impact on diagnostic yield of sputum smear microscopy. Based on sputum Gram's staining results, the submitted specimen was classified as 'sputum' and 'saliva'.

Results:
During the period 21 April to 20 June 2012, 238 sputum specimens submitted for evaluation were studied. Of these, 196 (82%) specimens were submitted for diagnosis and 42 (18%) specimens were obtained during follow-up evaluation. Overall, 42/238 (17.6%) specimens were in fact 'saliva' and not sputum. Among specimens submitted for diagnosis (n = 196), 28/167 (16.8%) specimens reported as 'sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) negative' were in fact saliva. Among the specimens submitted on follow-up examination (n = 42), 14 of the 38 (36.8%) specimens reported as 'sputum AFB negative' were actually saliva. A significantly higher proportion of sputum smears submitted on follow-up examination were actually 'saliva' as compared to specimens submitted for diagnosis (14/42 [33.3%] vs. 28/196 [14.3%], χ
2 = 6.738; P = 0.014). None of the saliva samples were reported to be 'sputum positive'.

Conclusions:
The fact that a significant proportion of specimens that are reported smear negative are in fact saliva and not sputum highlights the importance of sputum quality in smear microscopy results. Follow-up specimens are more likely to be saliva possibly because directly observed therapy (DOTS) treatment would have resulted in clinical improvements and patients may not be producing significant sputum anymore.
NÂNG CAO HIỆU QUẢ GIÁO DỤC ĐẠO ĐỨC CHO SINH VIÊN ĐẠI HỌC Ở VIỆT NAM HIỆN NAY
Authors: THỊ LAN PHẠM 
Published: September 2021

Nước ta hiện nay đang trong giai đoạn chịu sự tác động mạnh mẽ của xu thế hội nhập quốc tế với nhiều biến động phức tạp của xã hội. Trước những biểu hiện suy thoái về đạo đức, lối sống của một bộ phận sinh viên thì việc giáo dục đạo đức cho sinh viên Việt Nam càng trở nên quan trọng và cần thiết. Trong bài viết này, tác giả tập trung luận giải những lý thuyết cơ sở của vấn đề đạo đức và giáo dục đạo đức; phân tích nguyên nhân ảnh hưởng và đề xuất một số giải pháp khắc phục vấn đề cho sinh viên đại học ở Việt Nam hiện nay.
Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Pelaksanaan Proses Belajar Mengajar Berbasis IT dalam Kondisi Pandemi Covid-19 di SMK Negeri 1 Sumatera Barat
Authors: Rakasiwi Sasha Dilla , Fernandez Donny 
Published: September 2021

Adanya perubahan pola pembelajaran tatap muka ke pembelajaran online berbasis IT selama pandemi covid-19, telah menyebabkan kebiasaan baru (new normal) terhadap proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Pelaksanaan Proses Belajar Mengajar Berbasis IT Dalam Kondisi Pandemi Covid-19 Di SMK Negeri 1 Sumatera Barat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian Kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan bantuan program komputer (IBM SPSS Statistic 26). Penelitian terdiri dari tiga variabel yaitu teknologi. Individu dan lingkungan, dimana hasil penelitian mengungkapkan persepsi siswa terhadap kemampuan dan dukungan teknologi dalam mendukung pembelajaran online berada pada kategori baik, penilaian siswa terhadap kemapuannya dalam mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis IT berada pada kategori baik, dan selanjutnya persepsi siswa terhadap dukungan lingkungan dalam membantu mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis IT berada kategori cukup. Interprestasi dari ketiga variabel berada pada kategori baik. Hasil uji validitas setiap butir pernyataan dinyatakan valid karena r hitung setiap pernyataan > r tabel (table r product moment) dan uji reliabilitas dinyatakan reliabel karena r hitung > r tabel
Perbedaan Motivasi Belajar Siswa yang Menggunakan Media Evaluasi Pembelajaran Quizizz dengan Media Evaluasi Pembelajaran Konvensional
Authors: Asral Sofiatul , Chandra R 
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan motivasi belajar siswa yang menggunakan media evaluasi pembelajaran quizizz dengan media evaluasi pembelajaran konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experiment dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan data ke dua sampel berdistribusi normal karena nilai signifikansi (sig) > 0,05. Ke dua sampel pada penelitian ini homogen karena harga F hitung (1,681) < F tabel (2,271). Pada uji hipotesis didapatkan harga (0,69) lebih kecil dari (2,03). Maka pada penelitian ini Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak, yang artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara motivasi belajar siswa yang menggunakan media evaluasi pembelajaran quizizz dengan siswa yang menggunakan media evaluasi pembelajaran konvensional.
Faktor-Faktor Penghambat Kelulusan Tepat Waktu Mahasiswa D3 Jurusan Teknik Otomotif Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Padang Tahun Masuk 2016 dan 2017
Authors: Nursyafti Yolana , Purwanto Wawan 
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penghambat kelulusan tepat waktu mahasiswa D3 di Jurusan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Negeri Padang dari aspek Fisiologis, Psikologis, Keluarga, Universitas dan Masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasional. Tingkat Capaian Responden (TCR) dari Variabel Fisiologis berada pada kategori kurang (57.78%), Variabel Psikologis berada pada kategori kurang (56.22%), Variabel Keluarga berada pada kategori sangat kurang (50.63%), Variabel Universitas berada pada kategori kurang (55.39%) dan Variabel Masyarakat berada pada kategori kurang (56.94%). Variabel Fisiologis (X1) menjadi faktor yang paling menghambat kelulusan tepat waktu. Setelah dilakukannya analisis faktor konfirmatori terbentuk 2 faktor yang mampu menjelaskan 67.91% variance dari variabel asli dan sisanya 32.09% lagi dibentuk oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini.
Cüce Hamsterlar’da (Phodopus roborovskii) Testisin Makro-Anatomik Yapısı
Authors: BAYGELDİ Saime Betül , GÜZEL Barış Can , ÖZKAN Ender 
Published: September 2021

Phodopus roborovskii güney paleoratic bölgede yöreye
özgüdür. Cüce hamsterlar (çöl hamsterları) bütün hamsterların en
küçüğüdür. Bilim insanlarına göre kemirgenlerde testisin makro-
anatomik yapısını anlatan birçok bilgi aktarılmasına rağmen
phodopus roborovskii’nin testisinin yapısıyla ilgili hiçbir bir bilgiye
rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada cüce hamsterların makro-anatomik
yapısının incelenerek, bu konu hakkındaki bilgi bankasına katkı
sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 5 dişi 5 erkek olmak üzere toplam 10
adet erişkin cüce hamster kullanılmıştır. Hayvanları anestezi altına
almak için inhalasyon anestezisi kullanılmıştır. İnhalasyon anestezi
için kapalı kutu içine alınarak eter inhalasyonu ile testisler dışarıya
alınarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak cüce hamsterların testisi makro-
anatomik olarak diğer kemirgenlerle ortak özellik göstermiştir. Fakat
testisin yapısında ve bezlerindeki bazı özellikleri sıçanlarla uyum
içindeydi.