bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The material culture of the Bashkirs in the second half of the 18th century (according to some written and archaeological materials)
Authors: Akhatov Al'bert Tagirovich 
Published: December 2024

The object of the study is the material culture of the Bashkir population of the Southern Urals in the second half of the XVIII century. The subject is its economic and household components. The purpose of the work is to expand knowledge about the Bashkir material culture in the second half of the 18th century by integrating existing written sources and archaeological materials. The research source base is represented by the works of scientists and travelers from the middle to the third third of the XVIII century. who personally visited the South Ural region – P. I. Rychkov, P. S. Pallas, I. I. Lepekhin, I. P. Falk, I. G. Georgi and N. P. Rychkov, who paid great attention to the daily life, economic activities and culture of the Bashkir people, as well as archaeological materials obtained as a result of the study of Bashkir settlement complexes of the XVII–XVIII centuries. When writing the work, an integrated approach was used based on the correlation of these written sources with archaeological materials. The novelty of the presented work consists in a comparative analysis of two relatively heterogeneous groups of sources. The first group – written sources indicate that the development of Bashkir material culture in the second half of the XVIII century. It was largely determined by the traditional semi-nomadic way of life, an integral part of which were seasonal migrations from place to place. At the same time, they provide only general information about certain sectors of the economy, practically without affecting related household items, a tool kit, etc. In this situation, the second group of sources, represented by archaeological materials obtained as a result of excavations of Bashkir settlement complexes of Modern times, allows to deepen and expand knowledge about the material culture of the Bashkirs at this time.
Anxiety in Higher Education: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Choubey Vishalakshi , Verma Hem Prakash , Hajong Chayanika , Purohit Aparna 
Published: December 2024

Anxiety, characterized by feelings of unease, worry, and fear, is a prevalent mental health condition among college students. Higher education institutions are facing a growing mental health crisis among their students. Recent studies have shown that mental health issues are increasingly prevalent in this population, with rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation on the rise. This review paper aims to explore the multifaceted nature of anxiety among college students. To address the mental health crisis in higher education, institutions must take a comprehensive approach that includes prevention, early intervention, and treatment. This may involve providing mental health training for faculty and staff, increasing access to mental health services and promoting mental health awareness and stigma reduction on campus. Additionally, it is important to create a supportive campus environment that fosters student well-being and resilience. Addressing anxiety in higher education is a complex but necessary endeavor. Understanding anxiety factors and interventions' effectiveness can help institutions develop targeted strategies for student mental health support. By prioritizing mental health, institutions can create a more supportive and inclusive campus environment, empowering students to thrive academically and personally.
Petrographic Characterisation of the Mounio "Younger Granites" Province, Central Portion of the Pan-African Mobile Chain at Gouré, South-East Niger
Authors: Moustapha Sanda Chékaraou Mahamane , Mansour Badamassi Kadri Mahaman , Moussa Konaté 
Published: December 2024

The petrography of the Mounio province, the subject of this study, is poorly understood, as very few geological studies have been undertaken. This province is an integral part of the Pan-African mobile zone located to the east of the West African craton, between the Tuareg and the Benino-Nigerian Shields. In the study area, the Pan-African formations were intruded by anorogenic magmatism, resulting in the emplacement of the Younger granites. Most of the petrographic data in this area of the Niger basement come from geological correlations. The aim of this study is to update the geological map of the Mounio province through a petrographic analysis of the various lithological formations in the study area. The methodology used consisted of a macroscopic description of outcrops in the field. In the laboratory, thin sections of rock were processed and interpreted. The results of this work enabled us to distinguish three types of geological formations. (i) Pan-African formations made up of metasediments (schists and volcanosclastites) and “ancient granites”. The cardinal minerals in these granites are quartz (30%), potassium feldspar (40%), plagioclase (10%) and biotite (20%). (ii) Younger granites have intruded ancient formations and form three groups: (a) A volcanic group, comprising several occurrences: pyroclastites, alkaline and hyperalkaline rhyolites and trachytes. Alkaline rhyolites contain green hornblende-type amphibole, which differentiates them from hyperalkaline rhyolites, characterized by the presence of riébeckite-type amphibole and ægyrine-type pyroxene. (b) A hypovolcanic group represented by alkaline and hyperalkaline microgranites. Alkaline microgranites are characterized by the presence of amphibole, represented by hornblende, while hyperalkaline microgranites specifically contain ribeckite-type amphibole, aegyrine-type pyroxene and sanidine phenocrysts. (c) A plutonic group made up of alkaline and hyperalkaline granites and quartzite syenites. The alkaline granite is characterized by clinopyroxene pyroxene and hornblende amphibole, while the hyperalkaline granite is characterized by aegyrine pyroxene. (iii) A sedimentary cover composed of sandstone and alluvium, overlies ancient formations throughout the study area.
High‐Performing Self‐Powered Photosensing and Reconfigurable Pyro‐photoelectric Memory with Ferroelectric Hafnium Oxide
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Seo Hyungtak 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith highly diverse multifunctional properties, hafnium oxide (HfO2) has attracted considerable attention not only because of its potential to address fundamental questions about material behaviors, but also its potential for applied perspectives like ferroelectric memory, transistors, and pyroelectric sensors. However, effective harvesting of the pyro‐photoelectric effect of HfO2 to develop high‐performing self‐biased photosensors and electric writable and optical readable memory has yet to be developed. Here, a proof‐of‐concept HfO2‐based self‐powered and ultrafast (response time ≈ 60 µs) infrared pyroelectric sensor with a responsivity of up to 68 µA W−1 is developed. In particular, temporal infrared light illumination induced surface heating and, in turn, change in spontaneous polarization are attributed to robust pyro‐photocurrent generation. Further, controllable suspension and reestablishment of the self‐biased pyro‐photocurrent response with a short electric pulse are demonstrated, which offers a conceptually new kind of photoreadable memory. Potentially, the novel approach opens a new avenue for designing on‐demand pyro‐phototronic response over a desired area and offers the opportunity to utilize it for various applications, including memory storage, neuromorphic vision sensors, classification, and emergency alert systems.
Suction‐Cup‐Inspired Adhesive Micromotors for Drug Delivery
Authors: Cai Lijun , Zhao Cheng , Chen Hanxu , Fan Lu , Zhao Yuanjin , Qian Xiaoyun , Chai Renjie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicromotors have opened novel avenues for drug delivery due to their capacity for self‐propelling. Attempts in this field trend towards ameliorating their functions to promote their clinical applications. In this paper, an ingenious suction‐cup‐inspired micromotor is presented with adhesive properties for drug delivery in the stomach. The micromotors are fabricated by using hydrogel replicating the structure of suction‐cup‐like microparticles, which derive from self‐assembly of colloidal crystals under rapid solvent extraction, followed by loading magnesium (Mg) in the bottom spherical surface. The Mg‐loaded micromotors can realize spontaneous movement due to the continual generation of hydrogen bubbles in gastric juice. The combination of unique suction‐cup‐like structure with excellent motion performance makes the micromotor an ideal carrier for drug delivery as they can efficiently adhere to the tissue. Moreover, benefiting from the porous structure, the hydrogel micromotors exhibit a high volume‐surface ratio, which enables efficient drug loading. It is demonstrated that the suction‐cup‐inspired micromotors can adhere efficiently to the ulcer‐region in the stomach and release drugs due to their distinctive architecture and spontaneous motion, exhibiting desirable curative effect of gastric ulcer. Thus, the suction‐cup‐inspired micromotors with adhesive properties are expected to advance the development of micromotor in clinical applications.
Tumor‐Cell‐Specific Targeting of Ibrutinib: Introducing Electrostatic Antibody‐Inhibitor Conjugates (AiCs)
Authors: Faust Andreas , Bäumer Nicole , Schlütermann Alina , Becht Manuel , Greune Lilo , Geyer Christiane , Rüter Christian , Margeta Renato , Wittmann Lisa , Dersch Petra , Lenz Georg , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Bäumer Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIbrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase that has been approved for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and is connected with toxicities. To minimize its toxicities, we linked ibrutinib to a cell‐targeted, internalizing antibody. To this end, we synthesized a poly‐anionic derivate, ibrutinib‐Cy3.5, that retains full functionality. This anionic inhibitor is complexed by our anti‐CD20‐protamine targeting conjugate and free protamine, and thereby spontaneously assembles into an electrostatically stabilized vesicular nanocarrier. The complexation led to an accumulation of the drug driven by the CD20 antigen internalization to the intended cells and an amplification of its pharmacological effectivity. In vivo, we observed a significant enrichment of the drug in xenograft lymphoma tumors in immune‐compromised mice and a significantly better response to lower doses compared to the original drug.
Regioselective Hydroalkylation of Vinylarenes by Cooperative Cu and Ni Catalysis
Authors: Ravn Anne K. , Johansen Martin B. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDisclosed here is a dual copper and nickel catalytic system with a silyl hydride source for promoting the linear selective hydroalkylation of vinylarenes. This carbon–carbon bond‐forming protocol is applied to couple a variety of functionalized vinylarenes with alkyl halides applying a nickel(II) NNN pincer complex in the presence of an NHC‐ligated copper catalyst. This combination allows for a 1 mol % loading of the nickel catalyst leading to turnover numbers of up to 72. Over 40 examples are presented, including applications for pharmaceutical diversification. Labeling experiments demonstrated the regioselectivity of the reaction and revealed that the copper catalyst plays a crucial role in enhancing the rate for formation of the reactive linear alkyl nickel complex. Overall, the presented work provides a complimentary approach for hydroalkylation reactions, whilst providing a preliminary mechanistic understanding of the cooperativity between the copper and nickel complexes.
In‐situ thermal aging of biobased and conventional rigid polyurethane foams nanostructured with bacterial nanocellulose
Authors: Diaz Tomás Joaquin , Cerrutti Patricia , Chiacchiarelli Leonel Matías 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe incorporation of nanofillers and the use of biobased polyols might have a deleterious effect on the aging performance of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) applied in the insulation and marine industries. To study this, RPUFs obtained from petroleum based (RPUF) and castor oil (RPUFRIC) polyols were nanostructured with bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) up to 0.3 wt%. Water immersion experiments revealed that the normalized water absorption (NWA) at the steady state was not affected by lower BNC contents (<0.2 wt%). Higher BNC contents caused a complex effect on post‐cure and foaming, generating cell size expansion as well as shrinkage. In‐situ DMA aging analysis revealed that the specific storage modulus (E'sp) under flexural conditions of the RPUFRIC and RPUF decreased by a maximum amount of 7.27% and 6.19%, respectively. The effect of BNC on the E'sp was negligible, expect for the case of the RPUF, where higher BNC concentrations (>0.2 wt%) caused a decrease of up to 13.69%. The previous results reinforce the hypothesis that the incorporation of BNC in both conventional and biobased polyurethane systems do not cause significant changes on the aging performance of the resulting foams, provided that low BNC concentrations are employed.
Thermal, water absorption, and mechanical characterizations of polylactide based nanocomposites: Comparison between sodium and modified montmorillonite as reinforcement materials
Authors: Omar Afiqah , Chen Ruey Shan , Shahdan Dalila , Ahmad Sahrim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe research on the polymer silicate layer nanocomposites is currently focusing on maximizing the polymer‐filler interface interaction. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of two different types of montmorillonite (MMT), which were Cloisite sodium (CNa) and Cloisite 10A (C10A), on the thermal, water absorption, and mechanical performances of polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites. Nanocomposites with different clay loadings from 1 to 7 wt% were fabricated by melt intercalation in a twin‐screw extruder. XRD analysis showed an intercalated structure for PLA/C10A at 1 and 3 wt% loadings. From TGA analysis, the initial thermal degradation temperature for PLA/C10A at 1 and 3 wt% showed promising enhancement in thermal stability. DSC results also confirmed that both nanocomposites at clay loadings less than 5 wt% improved thermal properties and crystallinity compared to neat PLA. Storage modulus and tan δ for PLA/C10A shifted towards higher temperature. Water absorption intakes of PLA/C10A at 1 and 3 wt% loadings were reduced by 42% and 39%, respectively. For PLA/C10A at the optimum loading of 3 wt%, tensile strength improved by 21% and strain by 17%. This loading exhibited the finest morphological structure.
Comparison between the effects of partial replacement of carbon black by carbon nanotubes and graphene on the performances of natural rubber composites
Authors: Chen Li , Pang Xiujiang , Kang Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo investigate comparatively the performances of natural rubber (NR) composites modified with graphene (Gr) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), NR vulcanizates were prepared by partially replacing the carbon black with 3 phr Gr or CNTs, the properties such as cure, mechanical properties, tensile fatigue, wear resistance, and so on, were investigated. Results showed that both Gr and CNTs could lift the crosslinking density, lower the rolling resistance, and wet‐skid resistance of NR composites. In relative to CNTs, Gr degraded the manufacturing safety and cure rate of NR, displayed higher reinforcing effect than CNTs by upgrading tensile strength, modulus, and hardness. Besides, Gr/NR composite demonstrated better aging resistance than CNTs/NR. In comparison to Gr, CNTs could lift the manufacturing safety and cure rate of NR, maintain higher tear strength, result in better tensile fatigue resistance and wear resistance, reduce the heat buildup and the permanent compression set, further lower rolling resistance of NR while maintaining relatively higher wet‐skid resistance.
High pressure homogenization of graphene and carbon nanotube for thermal conductive polyethylene composite with a low filler content
Authors: Wu Huacheng , Zhou Weiqing , Liu Qian , Cai Xuan , Qu Zihan , Li Peng , Hu Die , Jia Xilai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThermal conductive polymer composite pipes have been used to replace metal pipes that are easy to be corroded. However, the low thermal conductivity of the matrix is the critical factor limiting their applications. Here, large‐size exfoliation of graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) are proposed to prepare thermal‐conductive polyethylene nanocomposites with a low filler content. Expanded graphite and CNT are co‐dispersed by high pressure homogenizer in presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Such a dispersion method can maintain the high aspect ratio and reduce generation of defects of graphene and CNTs, which is vital for building a long‐range thermal conductivity pathway in the nanocomposites. In addition, the graphene and CNT fillers can be obtained with high yield and efficiency. When the fillers are dispersed into the polyethylene by optimizing the composition, thermal conductive composites can be obtained with enhanced mechanical properties. The nanocomposite with 5.22 wt.% filler can reach a thermal conductivity of 1.265 W·m−1·K−1, 3.94 times to that of the neat polyethylene, and the mechanical strength can be increased by 42%, supporting improvement of the thermal conductivity and mechanical strength at the same time.
Highly efficient intumescent flame retardant coating for ABS: Preparation and application
Authors: Chen Jia , Rong Li , Fang Wei , Liu Jiyan , Liu Xueqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel approach has been proposed to enhance the flame retardancy of ABS by a highly efficient intumescent flame retardant coating, which was prepared by aluminum‐ ethylene glycol methyl propionate cyclohexanediol phosphonate (EMPCP‐Al), polyvinyl formal (PVFO) and melamine cyanurate with specific ratio. When the average thickness of coating achieved at 106 μm, the limit oxygen index value of ABS increased from 16.6% to 28.7%, its UL‐94 rating reached V‐0 level in the vertical burning test, and the peak value of heat release rate (PHRR) was decreased by 51.1% compared with that of pure ABS. TGA coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to probe the degradation behavior of the flame retardant composites. In addition, the microscopic morphology and graphitization degree of the carbon layer which obtained after the thermal degradation of the flame retardant composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X ray and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, P element, N element and Al element in flame retardant coating exhibited benign synergistic flame retardancy in the gas phase and condensed phase. Furthermore, the flame retardant coating could effectively avoid the damage to intrinsic mechanical properties of ABS caused by high loading of flame retardant additives.
Dynamic Functional Brain Connectivity Underlying Temporal Summation of Pain in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Cheng Joshua C. , Anzolin Alessandra , Berry Michael , Honari Hamed , Paschali Myrella , Lazaridou Asimina , Lee Jeungchan , Ellingsen Dan‐Mikael , Loggia Marco L. , Grahl Arvina , Lindquist Martin A. , Edwards Robert R. , Napadow Vitaly 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveAbnormal central pain processing is a leading cause of pain in fibromyalgia (FM) and is perceptually characterized with the psychophysical measure of temporal summation of pain (TSP). TSP is the perception of increasingly greater pain in response to repetitive or tonic noxious stimuli. Previous neuroimaging studies have used static (i.e., summary) measures to examine the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) correlates of TSP in FM. However, functional brain activity rapidly and dynamically reorganizes over time, and, similarly, TSP is a temporally evolving process. This study was undertaken to demonstrate how a complete understanding of the neural circuitry supporting TSP in FM thus requires a dynamic measure that evolves over time.MethodsWe utilized novel methods for analyzing dynamic functional brain connectivity in patients with FM in order to examine how TSP‐associated fluctuations are linked to the dynamic functional reconfiguration of the brain. In 84 FM patients and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls, we collected high‐temporal‐resolution fMRI data during a resting state and during a state in which sustained cuff pressure pain was applied to the leg.ResultsFM patients experienced greater TSP than healthy controls (mean ± SD TSP score 17.93 ± 19.24 in FM patients versus 9.47 ± 14.06 in healthy controls; P = 0.028), but TSP scores varied substantially between patients. In the brain, the presence versus absence of TSP in patients with FM was marked by more sustained enmeshment between sensorimotor and salience networks during the pain period. Furthermore, dynamic enmeshment was noted solely in FM patients with high TSP, as interactions with all other brain networks were dampened during the pain period.ConclusionThis study elucidates the dynamic brain processes underlying facilitated central pain processing in FM. Our findings will enable future investigation of dynamic symptoms in FM.
Jet‐triggered star formation in young radio galaxies
Authors: Duggal Chetna , O'Dea Christopher , Baum Stefi , Labiano Alvaro , Morganti Raffaella , Tadhunter Clive , Worrall Diana , Tremblay Grant , Dicken Daniel , Capetti Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmission in the ultraviolet continuum is a salient signature of the hot, massive, and consequently short‐lived, stellar population that traces recent or ongoing star formation. With the aim of mapping star forming regions and morphologically separating the generic star formation from that associated with the galaxy‐scale jet activity, we obtained high‐resolution ultraviolet (UV) imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope for a sample of nine compact radio sources. Out of these, seven are known Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) galaxies that host young, kiloparsec‐scale radio sources and hence are the best candidates for studying radio‐mode feedback on galaxy scales, while the other two form a control sample of larger sources. Extended UV emission regions are observed in six of the seven CSS sources showing close spatial alignment with the radio‐jet orientation. If other mechanisms possibly contributing to the observed UV emission are ruled out, this could be evidence in support of jet‐triggered star formation in the CSS phase of radio galaxy evolution and in turn of the “positive feedback” paradigm of host–active galactic nuclei interaction.
Revealing the metabolic mechanism of dandelion extract against A549 cells using UPLC‐QTOF MS
Authors: Man Jin , Wu Longjie , Han Pei , Hao Yun , Li Jiaying , Gao Zibo , Wang Jia , Yang Wenjie , Tian Yongmei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDandelion extract exhibits potential anticancer activity and is expected to be a new type of natural anticancer drug. However, the effect mechanism of dandelion extract to lung cancer cells is still unclear. Here, untargeted metabolomics approach based on LC–MS was used to characterize the metabolic responses of A549 cells to dandelion extract exposure and to provide new clues for the antitumor mechanism of dandelion extract from the metabolomics perspective. A total of 16 differentially expressed and time‐related metabolites were identified between dandelion extract exposure and control groups. The perturbed metabolic pathways of A549 cells after dandelion extract exposure mainly include the glycerophospholipid metabolism and purine metabolism. These results concluded that dandelion extract may exert anticancer activity by affecting malignant proliferation, disturbing the stability of cell membrane structure, reducing the adhesion of tumor cells to extracellular matrix and fibronectin, and finally inducing tumor cell death.