bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To draft or not to draft? A systematic review of North American sports’ entry draft
Authors: Johnston Kathryn , Farah Lou , Ghuman Harleen , Baker Joseph 
Published: October 2021

In theory, professional sport “entry drafts” are designed to promote parity by granting poorly performing teams with early selections and winning teams with later selections. While this process has intentions to "level the playing field", mixed findings exist in the literature. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesize the literature examining the efficacy of the draft for professional, North American sport leagues. A systematic review of four databases was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) guidelines. Full‐text articles containing relevant data on the draft system for the four major professional North American sports were identified. Further restrictions were made to include articles focusing on a specific outcome regarding future success (i.e., whether the draft related to a measure of future performance). The search returned 10 962 records and after screening, 18 articles were synthesized. Of the articles examined, the measures of future success with relation to draft order were (a) career length and/or number of games played at the majors (n = 8), (b) future performance statistics at the professional level (n = 5), (c) change in winning percentage and/or number of wins produced (n = 3), (d) financial compensation (n = 1), and (e) a combination of measures (a) to (d), (n = 1). Most commonly, the first/early rounds most accurately predicted future measures of success (ie, number of games played, signing bonuses, and playing statistics) across sports. The middle and late rounds were less accurate, with the degree of accuracy increasing slightly in the last rounds. This review highlights several opportunities to better understand the draft process (e.g., potential improvements in middle round picks) and emphasizes the need for more research on analyzing and scrutinizing the draft.
Decentralisation in Times of Crisis: Asset Or Liability? The Case of Germany and Italy During Covid‐19
Authors: Kuhn Katharina , Morlino Irene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow did the legal and political‐administrative relationship between central and local governments of two decentralised states shape their response to COVID‐19? Literature and theories on decentralisation argue that federal and decentralised states are less able to respond to crises in a coordinated manner due to their perceived greater susceptibility to political conflict. Situated within this theoretical debate and based on the analysis of legal acts, political decisions, and relevant national news media articles between March and August 2020 in Germany and Italy, this research note shows that, counterintuitively, more decentralisation does not necessarily translate into more legal and political stress during pandemic management. In responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic, Germany, a highly decentralised state, experienced less legal and political tensions than the less decentralised Italy. The key to understanding this variation lies in different institutional arrangements, complemented by the specific political cultures of both states.
Building fuzzy areal geographical objects from point sets
Authors: Guo Jifa , Du Shihong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRepresentations of fuzzy geographic objects and analyses of their spatial relationships have received considerable attention in the GIS and spatial database domains over the past 30 years. However, building fuzzy geographical objects from real data is still a challenge. Simple fuzzy areal object models are too restrictive for many applications, and general fuzzy areal models may not be restrictive enough; as a result, the extent of fuzzy regions that satisfy the relevant conditions may be too large to affect the location description and spatial analysis. A condition by which the number of cores is not greater than one is added for the general object model, and an operable method for constructing fuzzy objects from the point set is proposed. Two peak and pass sets are determined for the membership surface by the fuzzy morphometric analysis method. The first set is used to initially divide the footprint of the fuzzy surface into smaller subfootprints, and the second set is used to merge insignificant fuzzy objects with their nearest significant fuzzy objects; thus, unreasonable division is avoided. Cross‐validation is adopted to evaluate the generated fuzzy objects. An experiment is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Road intersection identification from crowdsourced big trace data using Mask‐RCNN
Authors: Yang Xue , Hou Liang , Guo Mingqiang , Cao Yanjia , Yang Mingchun , Tang Luliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRoad intersection data are critical in many spatial applications and analyses. Approaches to identifying road intersections from various sensor data have been widely discussed in many existing studies, which focused on macroscopic information detection (e.g., location and size confirmation) and microscopic structure extraction (e.g., traffic rules at lane level). As the premise and basis for microscopic structure construction, the accuracy of macroscopic information has an important influence on extracting the detailed spatial structure of road intersections. In this article, we proposed applying a mask region convolutional neural network (Mask‐RCNN) framework to automatically detect the macroscopic information of road intersections from crowdsourced big trace data. There are two key points: (1) Mask‐RCNN‐based road intersection detection; and (2) result optimization and localization. Two real‐world GNSS (global navigation satellite system) trace datasets collected in Wuhan and Rome, respectively, were used to verify the applied Mask‐RCNN system. The results showed that the identification of various common types of road intersections achieved an overall precision of 97, 99, and 96%; recall of 93, 87, and 90%; and F1 score of 95, 92, and 93 in Wuhan, Shanghai, and Rome, respectively. These indices revealed a better model performance than the existing popular RCNN‐based models.
Stomatocytosis in a Beagle and Australian Cattle Dog
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Williams Tim L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCanine stomatocytosis is a well‐recognized rare erythrocyte disorder characterized by nonsyndromic forms with selective erythroid involvement, syndromic forms with extra‐hematologic disease, and acquired forms.ObjectivesWe describe serial clinicopathologic changes in two dogs with stomatocytosis of breeds that are different from those previously reported.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from a 12‐year‐old female neutered Australian Cattle Dog and a 12‐year‐old male neutered Beagle for hematologic and biochemical analyses, including a morphologic examination of peripheral blood films. Serial clinicopathologic data were reviewed, including CBCs performed by the referring veterinary surgeons.ResultsSerial CBC data in both cases reported a variable decrease in RBC numbers commonly associated with a normal hematocrit, macrocytosis, hypochromasia, changes in red cell distribution width parameters including marked histogram abnormalities in volume distribution of the RBC population, and mildly increased or normal reticulocyte counts. Morphologic examination of peripheral blood films identified variable numbers of stomatocytes, knizocytes (Case 1, Day 1, Day 4), mild anisocytosis, mild macrocytosis, and mild polychromasia.ConclusionsIn both cases, the changes exhibited in the erythrogram raise suspicion for an RBC membrane disorder with cell volume dysregulation and stomatocytosis, although they did not appear to cause clinically relevant hemolysis.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of periorbital squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Goldfarb Jeremy Allan , Ferrarotto Renata , Gross Neil , Goepfert Ryan , Debnam James Matthew , Gunn Brandon , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo report on the outcomes of immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced periorbital squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of seven consecutive patients with locally advanced periorbital cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Treatments and therapeutic outcomes were reviewed.ResultsOf the seven patients, six were treated with cemiplimab, and one was treated with pembrolizumab. Five patients were treated with immunotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy before planned surgical resection; two patients received immunotherapy for treatment of advanced recurrent lesions deemed unresectable following multiple previous excisions and radiation therapy. In all seven patients, measurable clinical and/or radiologic response was observed.ConclusionsOur findings support the emerging role of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the management of locally advanced periorbital cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Prehospital management of exertional heat stroke at sports competitions for Paralympic athletes
Authors: Hosokawa Yuri , Adami Paolo Emilio , Stephenson Ben Thomas , Blauwet Cheri , Bermon Stephane , Webborn Nick , Racinais Sebastien , Derman Wayne , Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria L 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo adapt key components of exertional heat stroke (EHS) prehospital management proposed by the Intenational Olympic Committee Adverse Weather Impact Expert Working Group for the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 so that it is applicable for the Paralympic athletes.MethodsAn expert working group representing members with research, clinical and lived sports experience from a Para sports perspective reviewed and revised the IOC consensus document of current best practice regarding the prehospital management of EHS.ResultsSimilar to Olympic competitions, Paralympic competitions are also scheduled under high environmental heat stress; thus, policies and procedures for EHS prehospital management should also be established and followed. For Olympic athletes, the basic principles of EHS prehospital care are: early recognition, early diagnosis, rapid, on-site cooling and advanced clinical care. Although these principles also apply for Paralympic athletes, slight differences related to athlete physiology (eg, autonomic dysfunction) and mechanisms for hands-on management (eg, transferring the collapsed athlete or techniques for whole-body cooling) may require adaptation for care of the Paralympic athlete.ConclusionsPrehospital management of EHS in the Paralympic setting employs the same procedures as for Olympic athletes with some important alterations.
Relationship between hormonal contraceptives and sleep among women of reproductive age: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ma Jinhui , Cheng Megan , Thabane Lehana , Ma Caihong , Zhang Ning , Wang Qi , Kim Hyunwoo , Reza Hameed , Wang Chunxue , Yao Xiaomei 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe aetiology of sleep disruptions is unknown, but hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause have been shown to potentially affect how well a woman sleeps. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether hormonal contraceptives are associated with a decreased quality of sleep and increased sleep duration in women of reproductive age.MethodsThis review will analyse data from randomised controlled trials or non-randomised comparative studies investigating the association between hormonal contraceptives and sleep outcomes among women of reproductive age. Reviews addressing the same research question with similar eligibility criteria will be included. A literature search will be performed using the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception to 7 March 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias for Randomised Trials V.2.0 and The Risk of Bias for Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool will be used to assess risk of bias for each outcome in eligible studies. Two reviewers will independently assess eligibility of studies and risk of bias and extract the data. All extracted data will be presented in tables and narrative form. For sleep measures investigated by two or more studies with low heterogeneity, we will conduct random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of the overall effect of hormonal contraceptives. If studies included in this systematic review form a connected network, a network meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate the comparative effect of different contraceptives. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be used to summarise the quality of evidence. Our protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as data were sourced from previously reported studies. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020199958.
Vitality, resilience and the need for support among hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic: study protocol of a mixed-methods study
Authors: van Mol Margo , de Veer Mathijs , de Pagter Anne , Kouwenhoven-Pasmooij T A , Hoogendijk Witte J G , Busschbach Jan J van , Oude Hengel Karen , Kranenburg Leonieke 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the physical and mental functioning of healthcare professionals, especially those working on the ‘frontline’, and other hospital workers. At the onset of the crisis, various interventions were introduced to promote resilience and offer mental support to these professionals. However, it is unknown whether the interventions will meet the needs of professionals as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.The goal of this exploratory study is to gain insight in factors that protect the vitality and resilience of Dutch hospital employees during the so-called ‘second wave’ of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper describes the study protocol.Methods and analysisThis exploratory study applies a mixed-methods design, using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis. The first part of the study (substudy I) consists of surveys among doctors and nurses in COVID-19 departments and non-COVID-19 departments, and other professionals in the hospital (ie, managers and homeworkers) in 2020 and 2021. The second part of the study (substudy II) consists of focus groups and interviews among professionals of the intensive care unit, COVID-19 departments and infection prevention units.Ethics and disseminationThe research protocol for this study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee (MEC-2020-0705). The outcomes of this study will be used to develop and implement interventions to support hospital employees maintaining their vitality and resilience during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Employees with vitality experience less work-related stress and make a positive contribution to healthcare quality.
What is a public health approach to substance use? Protocol for a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Crépault Jean-François , Watson Tara Marie , Strike Carol , Bonato Sarah , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe concept of a ‘public health approach’ to substance use is frequently but inconsistently invoked. This inconsistency is reflected in public policy, with governments using the term ‘public health approach’ in contradictory ways. This aim of this study is to clarify what is meant and understood when the term ‘public health approach’ is used in the context of substance use.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts and PAIS Index. Eligible articles will be from peer-reviewed journals, in English, with full text available. There will be no limits on year of publication. Substance use must be the primary topic of the article. Editorials, commentaries and letters to the editor will be included, but not commentaries on other articles, unless the definition of a public health approach is central to the commentary. Data selection and collection will be conducted independently by two researchers, with a third separately resolving any disagreement. To answer the research question, we will extract authors’ definitions of a public health approach to substance use as well as any descriptions of the central principles, characteristics and components of such an approach. To synthesise the data, we will employ thematic synthesis. Coding will be conducted by one researcher and verified by a second; two researchers will then group the codes into themes using an inductive process. Finally, the full research team will develop a set of analytic themes, which will be presented as a narrative.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not needed since the research will only involve published work. Our findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and, if possible, at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021270632.
Low profile sheaths in pediatric neurointervention: a multicenter experience
Authors: Chen Karen , Dawkins Demi , Orbach Darren B , Aagaard-Kienitz Beverly 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundPediatric neurointervention is challenged by the appropriateness of adult catheters and devices. This multicenter report on the smallest groin access sheaths offers technical notes and clinical outcomes in the pediatric neurointerventional population.MethodsAll pediatric neurointerventional cases from 2019 to 2021 were reviewed for use of a 3.3F Pediavascular or a 4F Merit Prelude Ideal low profile sheath. Hospital records were reviewed for complications and technical notes and compared with arterial groin access with the 4F Terumo Pinnacle in infants less than 1 year old, before the low profile sheaths at one author’s institution were introduced.ResultsFrom January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2021 there were 347 procedures performed at Boston Children’s Hospital and University of Wisconsin. Forty-four procedures in 26 patients were identified in which a 3.3F (38 cases, 20 patients) or 4F (6 cases, 6 patients) sheath was used. The average age was 2.2 years (1.5 days to 18 years). Retinoblastoma intra-arterial chemotherapy infusion (18 of 44) was the most common indication. The remaining procedures comprised vein of Galen embolization (12), diagnostic cerebral angiography (13), and one preoperative tumor embolization. Morbidity included a groin hematoma and decreased pulses (4.5%). No major groin complications occurred. There was no statistically significant difference compared with the historical cohort (132 procedures), which had seven instances of decreased pulses (5.3%, p>0.05).ConclusionThe 3.3F Pediavascular and 4F Merit Prelude Ideal sheaths are easily incorporated into the pediatric neurointerventionalist’s armamentarium for infants and readily accommodate various microcatheters for distal embolization and catheterization.
Hydrological control of a floodplain subsidy to littoral riverine fish
Authors: Farly Luc , Hudon Christiane , Cattaneo Antonia , Cabana Gilbert 
Published: October 2021

Ecological subsidies have been hypothesized to be key factors affecting the dynamics of the recipient ecosystems. We assessed the impact of the flood regime on the assimilation of a trophic subsidy produced in the floodplain of a large fluvial lake, Lake Saint-Pierre (Quebec, Canada) on five invertivore littoral fish species (yellow perch (Perca flavescens), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), bridle shiner (Notropis bifrenatus), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), and banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus)). We hypothesized that the incorporation of floodplain-derived carbon into fish biomass and individual fitness would increase in years with higher magnitude and longer duration floods. Studying four consecutive years with contrasting spring-flood events, we used a stable isotope mixing model to estimate floodplain contribution, and linear mixed models to analyze the impact of hydrology on floodplain contribution and fish body condition. Floodplain and main river’s invertebrates exhibited statistically distinct isotopic ratios (t test: p value < 0.001). Floodplain contribution and body condition were positively correlated with flooding intensity and duration for all species. Body condition was positively correlated with the assimilation of floodplain-subsidy for golden shiner and banded killifish. Our study identified flooding intensity as a main driver influencing the assimilation of floodplain-derived carbon by littoral fish and their fitness in a large river ecosystem.
Light like segment compactification and braneworlds with dynamical string tension
Authors: Guendelman E. I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is great interest in the construction of brane worlds, where matter and gravity are forced to be effective only in a lower dimensional surface, the brane . How these could appear as a consequence of string theory is a crucial question and this has been widely discussed. Here we will examine a distinct scenario that appears in dynamical string tension theories and where string tension is positive between two surfaces separated by a short distance and at the two surfaces themselves the string tensions become infinite, therefore producing an effective confinement of the strings and therefore of all matter and gravity to the space between these to surfaces, which is in fact a new type of stringy brane world scenario. The specific model studied is in the context of the modified measure formulation the string where tension appear as an additional dynamical degree of freedom and these tensions are not universal, but rather each string generates its own tension, which can have a different value for each string. We consider a new background field that can couple to these strings, the tension scalar is capable then of changing locally along the world sheet and then the value of the tension of the extended object changes accordingly. When many types of strings probing the same region of space are considered this tension scalar is constrained by the requirement of quantum conformal invariance. For the case of two types of strings probing the same region of space with different dynamically generated tensions, there are two different metrics, associated to the different strings, that have to satisfy vacuum Einsteins equations and the consistency of these two Einsteins equations determine the tension scalar. The universal metric, common to both strings generically does not satisfy Einsteins equation . The two metrics considered here are flat space in Minkowshi space and flat space after a special conformal transformation and the tension field behaves in such a way that strings are confined inside a light like Segment or alternatively as expanding Braneworlds where the strings are confined between two expanding bubbles separated by a very small distance at large times.