bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CircEpc1 Promotes Ricin Toxin-Induced Inflammation Via Activation of NF-κB And MAPK Signaling Pathways By Sponging miR-5114
Authors: Dong Mingxin , Zhang Xiaohao , Yu Haotian , Wang Yan , Chang Ying , Sun Chengbiao , Zhang Jianxu , Zhao Na , Yu Kaikai , Sun Guangchao , Zhao Guiru , Xu Na , Liu Wensen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Increasing studies have concentrated on investigating circular RNAs (circRNAs) as pivotal regulators in the progression of numerous diseases and biological processes and abundant evidence shows that circRNAs are participated in the regulation of innate immune responses. Several studies showed that Ricin Toxin (RT) could induce inflammatory injury. There was no research on the particular functions and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in RT-induced inflammation. Results: In this study, RNA sequencing performed on RT-treated and normal RAW264.7 macrophage cells was used to investigated the differentially expressed circRNAs. Based on the dataset, the expression of circEpc1 (mmu_circ_0000842) was identified higher in RT-treated cells. Moreover, gain-and-loss function assays showed that circEpc1 function as a promoter in RT-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, circEpc1 acted as a miR-5114 sponge to relieve the suppressive effect of miR-5114 on its target NOD2 and thereby activating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our results illuminated a link between RT-induced inflammation and the circEpc1 regulatory loop and provided novel insight into the functions of circRNA in innate immune, which may emerge as a potential target in immunotherapy to control the RT-induced inflammatory injury.
Comparison of Different Leaf Preservation Methods To Obtain High Quality DNA From Enset (Ensete Ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman), A Native And Orphan Food Security Crop In Ethiopia
Authors: Haile Alye Tefera , Johnsen Sylvia Sagen , Kovi Mallikarjuna Rao , Hvoslef-Eide Trine , Tesfaye Bizuayehu , Rognli Odd Arne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is a staple food for more than 20 million Ethiopians and only cultivated in the native indigenous farming systems of Ethiopia. In contrast to other cultivated species in the Musaceae family, enset has been relatively little studied at the molecular level. Application of advanced molecular genetic techniques requires rapid extraction of DNA of high quality and quantity. Fresh, lyophilized tissues, as well as tissues stored in liquid nitrogen are mainly preferred to avoid DNA degradation, thus most of the DNA extraction protocols recommend these types of tissues as starting material. However, such sample processing techniques are difficult to utilize in many developing countries and at collection sites of many endemic plant species, underutilized or orphan crop species like enset. These situations necessitate the development of alternative protocols for leaf preservation and optimized methods for isolating high-quality DNA from dried or preserved leaf samples. Results: In this study, three different leaf preservation and two DNA extraction methods were compared. Fresh young leaf tissue was preserved using the minor modified saturated NaCl-CTAB solution, silica gel or 96% ethanol at ambient temperature for more than 35 days. Subsequently, DNA was extracted using either the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit or the CTAB method. As compared to silica gel and 96% ethanol, the minor modified saturated NaCl-CTAB solution preserved the quality, quantity, and integrity of enset genomic DNA. This method consistently produced genomic DNA of high-quality and quantity at affordable cost. The DNeasy Plant Mini Kit method was found to be more efficient than the standard CTAB method, being faster and producing genomic DNA of higher quality. Conclusions: Using saturated NaCl-CTAB solution is an accessible, efficient, scalable, and inexpensive way to preserve enset leaves during collection and transportation. The preservation protocol was validated for leaf tissues of all cultivated and wild enset, and Entada landraces. Genomic DNA of high quality and quantity was obtained from preserved enset leaves, which can be used for further downstream applications including PCR and sequencing.
Biosemiotics and The Identification of Species-Specific Morphological Characters in The Spider Dysdera Erythrina (Araneae: Dysderidae)
Authors: Schult Joachim , Preik Onno A. , Kirschner Stefan , Friedrich Frank 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A biosemiotic approach of interpreting morphological data is apt to reveal morphological traits whose key role in intraspecific communication processes, such as specific mate recognition, has been overlooked so far. Certain genital structures of the haplogyne spider Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802) serve as an example. In Dysdera erythrina the semi-circular sclerite at the tip of the male’s bulb fits exactly into the anterior diverticulum of the female’s endogyne. From the viewpoint of biosemiotics, which studies the production and interpretation of signs and codes in living systems, these structures are considered the morphological zones of an intraspecific communication process which forms one of the necessary prerequisites for sperm transfer and achievement of fertilisation. Thus, a biosemiotics-based species delimitation approach with its peculiar form of evaluation of morphological structures yields new insights for the multidisciplinary undertaking of modern integrative taxonomy.
High Pretreatment Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Values are Associated with Diminished Short-term Success After Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis Procedure
Authors: SOMAY EFSUN , YILMAZ BUSRA 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

To retrospectively assess the significance of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting the success of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis (TMJA) at 1-week, 1- month, and 6-month time points.
Methods

A sum of 136 patients with disc displacement without reduction (DDwo-red) who underwent TMJA was included. For each patient, pre-TMJA SII was calculated as; SII = Platelets × neutrophils/lymphocytes. The success criteria of TMJA included MMO > 35 mm and VAS ≤ 3. The optimal pre-TMJA SII cutoff that predicts TMJA success was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The primary endpoint was the link between the pre-treatment SII and TMJA success.
Results

The median pre-TMJA jaw locking duration, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and visual analog score (VAS) were 7 days, 24 mm, and 8, respectively. The overall TMJA success rates were determined as 80.1%, 91.9%, and 69.1% at 1-week, 1-month, and 6-months, respectively. The results of ROC curve analysis exhibited the optimal SII cutoff at 526 (AUC:67.4%; sensitivity:66.7%; specificity:64.2%) that grouped the patients into two subgroups: Group 1: SII ≤ 526(N = 81) and SII > 526(N = 55), respectively. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a strong inverse relationship between the pretreatment SII values and the success of TMJA 1-week (rs: -0.83; P = 0.008) and 1-month, (rs:-0.89; p = 0.03). Comparative analyses displayed that TMJA success rates at 1-week (87.7% versus 69.1%; P = 0.008) and 1-month (96.2% versus 80%; p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the SII ≤ 526 than SII > 526 group, respectively, while the 6-month results favored the SII ≤ 526 group with a trend approaching significance (p = 0.084).
Conclusion

The current study's findings suggested the SII as a unique independent prognostic biomarker that accurately predicts treatment outcomes for up to 6 months.
Trial registration:

The results of this research were retrospectively registered.
Adolescents’ proxy reports on obesity-related parenting practices: Factorial validity and reliability across four behavioral domains
Authors: Fuligni Gabriel L , Gonzalez Christopher J , Figueroa Roger 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Energy-balance behaviors are precursors to obesity shaped by the practices or strategies that many parents implement. Although key stakeholders to their families, adolescents are rarely considered to report on these obesity-related parenting practices. The aim of this study is to assess the factorial and predictive validity of adolescents’ proxy-report of parents’ obesity-related parenting across four behavioral domains.
Methods

This study used data from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study. This study tests whether adolescents’ proxy reports about their parents’ obesity-related parenting are significantly associated with parents’ responses on their own obesity-related parenting, as well as whether these reports are significantly associated to parent-adolescent energy-balance behaviors. Factorial validity was assessed using linear regression and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), whereas predictive validity was assessed using Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling (APIM).
Results

Regression results indicated that adolescents’ proxy report is significantly associated with parents’ report of their own parenting in all four domains (β = .59 − .71; p < 0.05). CFA results indicated a final factor structure that loaded significantly onto hypothesized obesity-related parenting domains (β > .30) in both adolescents and parents. APIM results indicated that both parent- (β = .32; p < 0.05) and adolescent-(β = .21; p < 0.05) reported obesity parenting for fruit and vegetable consumption were associated with their own fruit and vegetable intake. In addition, adolescent-reported physical activity parenting was significantly associated with adolescent physical activity (β = 0.23; p < 0.05). Regarding partner effects, only parent-reported parenting for fruit and vegetable consumption were significantly associated with adolescent intake of fruit and vegetables (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) and adolescent-reported physical activity parenting was significantly associated with parental physical activity (β = 0.16, p < 0.05). Neither adolescent nor parent reported parenting were significantly associated with screen time or junk food intake outcomes. Each final obesity-related parenting scale had good internal consistency (a = .74-.85).
Conclusions

We found that adolescent- and parent-reported obesity-related parenting were significantly associated, while adolescent-reported parenting were more influential of fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity than parent-reported parenting. These findings suggest that adolescent proxy reports may be a valid source of information on obesity-related parenting.
Multiple Regression Analysis of the Number of users of Nurseries for Children with Mild Illness and Trends in Common Infectious Diseases before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hiroshima, Japan
Authors: Ehara Akira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Most Japanese daycare centers do not accept ill children, even if they only have minor symptoms. Nurseries for children with mild illness have been developed (mostly in urban areas), but use of these nurseries dropped sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are two possible reasons for this decrease: efforts to prevent COVID-19 infection reduced common infectious diseases in children and eliminated the need for these nurseries, or parents refrained from using these nurseries because they feared a COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to clarify the reason for the decreased use of these nurseries. Methods: Data on trends in common infectious diseases reported by sentinel medical facilities to public health centers in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan from January 2018 to March 2021 were provided by the Hiroshima CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). The number of monthly users of nurseries for children with mild illness in the 23 municipalities in Hiroshima Prefecture over the same period was obtained by a questionnaire survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the association between the numbers of nursery users and common infectious diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: The regression coefficient between the number of users of these nurseries and number of common infectious diseases did not change between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, except for an increase in intercept during the pandemic.Conclusions: The decreased number of children with mild illnesses using nurseries during the COVID-19 pandemic was related to the decrease in common infectious diseases, and not to parents refraining from using nurseries because they feared a COVID-19 outbreak. Many parents may still have wished to use nurseries for children with mild illness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Tongxinluo Boosts the Effect of Atorvastatin in Treatment of Atherosclerosis With COPD by Maintaining the Pulmonary Microvascular Barrier
Authors: Kuang Xiangnan , Wang Yafen , Chang Liping , Yin Yujie , Li Zhen , Liu Yi , Li Wenyan , Hou Yunlong , Wang Hongtao , Liang Junqing , Jia Zhenhua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the main cause of death in patients with COPD. Systemic inflammation is a significant mechanism of COPD with AS. The dysfunction of pulmonary microvascular barrier is involved in the formation of chronic inflammation in COPD, and its functional disruption will induce systemic inflammation. Atorvastatin (Ato) is a common medicine for the treatment of AS; however, the effect is not ideal for COPD combined with AS. Tongxinluo (TXL) improves the function of vascular endothelial cells. This study aims to prove that the impairment of pulmonary microvascular barrier function participated in the process of COPD aggravating AS and investigated whether TXL enhances the therapeutic effect of Ato on COPD with AS by protecting the pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier function. Methods: In vivo, the COPD with AS model of ApoE-/- mice was established by cigarette smoke combined with a high-fat diet. The animals were administered TXL (1.5 g/kg/day), Ato (10 mg/kg/day), and TXL+Ato once a day for 20 weeks. Then, lung function, lung microvascular permeability, lung inflammation, systemic inflammation, serum lipid level, atheromatous plaque formation, and the biomarker of endothelial damage were measured. In vitro, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were pretreated with TXL for 6 h and incubated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24 h to establish a model of CSE-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier dysfunction. The permeability of the endothelial monolayer, inflammatory cytokines, endothelial damage biomarkers, tight junction proteins were determined. Results: Cigarette smoking significantly exacerbated, which induced by high fat diet, the pulmonary function decline, pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction, pulmonary and systemic inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque. These changes were reversed by TXL-Ato combination; the combination therapeutic effect was better than that of Ato alone. In addition, TXL protected the function of HPMEC barrier and inhibited the inflammation in CSE-induced HPMECs.Conclusions: COPD aggravates AS, the mechanism may be the destruction of pulmonary microvascular barrier function and thus lung inflammation triggers systemic inflammation. In treating COPD with AS, TXL enhances the anti-AS effect of Ato protecting the pulmonary microvascular barrier.
Induction of Mitosis Delay And Apoptosis By RTA 404 In Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Tsai Tai-Hsin , Lieu Ann-Shung , Huang Tzuu-Yuan , Kwan Aij-Lie , Lin Chih-Lung , Hsu Yi-Chiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the vicious malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite advances multi-disciplinary treatment, GBM constinues to have a poor overall survival.CDDO-trifluoroethyl-amide, a trifluoroethylamidederivative of CDDO, is an Nrf2/ARE pathway activator. RTA 404 is used to inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation and apoptosis in glioma cells. However, it not clear what effect it may have on tumorigenesis in GBM.MethodsThis in vitro study evaluated the effects of RTA 404 on GBM cells. To do this, we treated GBM8401 cell lines with RTA 404 and assessed apoptosis, cell cycle. DNA content and induction of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and protein expression by Western blot analysis.ResultsRTA 404 significantly inhibited the proliferation induced cell apoptosis on GBM 8401 cell line. Typical plasma membrane undergoes structural changes that cause translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inside to outside. Due to cell external pressure cause mitochondrial membrane potential change lead to cell apoptosis. Caspase-3 active respond to apoptosis phenomenon, continuous progression of apoptosis.In addition, treatment with RTA 404 led to an accumulation of G2/M-phase cells. An analysis of Cyclin B1, CDK1 and Cyclin B1/CDK1 complex association suggested that cell cycle progression seems also to be regulated by RTA 404. Therefore, RTA 404 may not only induced cell cycle G2/M arrest, it may also exert apoptosis in established GBM cells. ConclusionRTA 404 can inhibit proliferation, cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in GBM cells in vitro, possibly though its inhibition of Cyclin B1, CDK1 expression, and Cyclin B1/CDK1 association.
Axial Myopia, A Protective Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy-Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Kulshrestha Ashish , Singh Nirbhai , Moharana Bruttendu , Gupta Parul Chawla , Ram Jagat , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PURPOSE

Long axial length is one of the ocular protective factors in development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study we examined the effect of axial length (AL) on aqueous humor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus with or without DR.
METHODS

Forty-eight eyes of 48 participants were divided into three groups of 16 each. Group A consisted of non-diabetic patients, Group B had diabetic patients without DR, and Group C had diabetic patients with treatment-naive non-proliferative DR (NPDR). The groups were further subdivided based on axial lengths i.e., AL ≤ 23.30 mm (A1, B1, C1) and AL > 23.30 mm (A2, B2, C2). Undiluted aqueous humor was obtained during cataract surgery to measure the VEGF levels.
RESULTS

We observed significant decrease in VEGF concentration in patients with AL ≥ 23.30 mm as compared with AL ≤ 23.30 mm in non-diabetic as well as diabetic patients. As the eye elongates, there is less secretion of VEGF in non-diabetics as well in diabetics with or without DR.
CONCLUSION

Our findings strengthened the concept that an increase in AL leads to less VEGF in diabetic eyes, thus leading to less severe DR changes.
An Adaptive Hybrid Routing Scheme For Energy Management In Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kocherla Raviteja , M Chandra sekhar , Vatambeti Ramesh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) the life time of nodes and energy management are important issues, because the nodes in WSN required more energy when it is used in different applications. On the other hand, unstable energy consumption among intermediate nodes tends to huge data loss. To address this problem the present research introduced a novel Hybrid Gossip Grey Wolf Ant lion (HGGW-AL) protocol to afford an efficient and better transmission channel. Here, the fitness of grey wolf and ant lion helps to categorize the energy drained node and also, to predict the malicious activities. Furthermore, the novel Rest Awake (RA) is initialized to process the clustering strategy to maintain the residual energy in WSN. Moreover, it enhances the energy level of sensor nodes by increasing its lifetime. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed strategy is compared with the existing works and achieved better performance by reducing the energy consumption of each sensor node.
Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis: Thirteen Years of Experience and a Novel Scoring System (SNIPPED Score) for Differentiation
Authors: Yalçınkaya Rumeysa , Tanır Gönül , Özdem Suna , Polat Meltem , Şen Zeynep Savaş , Cinni Rüveyda Gümüşer , Sezen Aslıhan Yüce , Öz Fatma Nur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with preseptal cellulitis (PC) or orbital cellulitis (OC) and to determine whether easily-accessible parameters could be used to predict OC. The data of children diagnosed with PC or OC between January 2008 and December 2020 were evaluated. Patients aged between 1 month and 18 years who were treated with intravenous antibiotics were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible parameters in differentiating between PC and OC. A beta coefficient-based method was used to derive the scoring system. A total of 375 patients [202 (53.9%) boys], of whom 35 (9.3%) had OC, were evaluated. Median age was 44 (min-max: 1-192) months. Compared to those with PC, patients with OC were older (p = 0.001), had fever and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms more frequently, and demonstrated prolonged symptom and hospitalization times (p˂0.001 for all). Significant differences between groups were observed for numerous parameters; however, logistic regression analysis revealed only five parameters independently associated with OC. The SNIPPED score variables and weights were as follows: sinusitis (2 points), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio > 6.78 (3 points), platelet count > 420.5 x103/mm3 (2 points), proptosis (4 points) and duration of symptoms ≥ 4 days (4 points). A cut-off of ≥ 7 points for OC diagnosis was found to have 91.4% sensitivity, 96.2% specificity, 71.1% PPV, 99.1% NPV and 95.7% accuracy. Conclusion: In addition to showing previously known properties of OC versus PC, our study demonstrated that easily-accessible parameters could be used for the identification of OC.
Analysis of COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate in West Sumatra, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study of One-year Observation
Authors: Putra Syandrez Prima , Lailani Mutia , Mahata Liganda Endo , Rezvi SM , Putra Andani Eka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The test positivity rate (TPR) of COVID-19 is an epidemiological indicator used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a population at a certain time. However, large data analysis on the TPR in Indonesia is still limited. In this study, we determined COVID-19 TPR dynamics of Indonesian West Sumatra Province in the first year of cases were recorded.Method: We conducted an observational study with a cross-sectional approach from one-year secondary data of COVID-19 test using qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) in West Sumatra collected from April 2020 until March 2021. The TPR(s) in the province, its regions (cities/ regencies), and districts were determined annually, quarterly, and monthly to analyze their trends.Results: From a total of 410,424 individuals taking COVID-19 q-RT-PCR examination during one-year observation, the provincial TPR was 8.11%. The highest TPR quarterly and monthly was detected in the third quarter (October 2020 – December 2020, 12.18%) and October 2020 (15.62%) respectively. The TPR of cities was likely two times higher than regencies. There were significant differences in annual TPR between regions, districts, and any period of times detected in this study.Conclusion: We have shown the COVID-19 q-RT-PCR TPR dynamics to describe SARS-CoV-2 transmission control among different areas in West Sumatra. This study should be beneficial to ensure an effective COVID-19 preventive strategy in the future.