bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hair follicle‐psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Suzuki Takahiro , Ito Taisuke , Gilhar Amos , Tokura Yoshiki , Reich Kristian , Paus Ralf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt has long been known that there is a special affinity of psoriasis for the scalp: Here, it occurs most frequently, lesions terminate sharply in frontal skin beyond the hair line and are difficult to treat. Yet, surprisingly, scalp psoriasis only rarely causes alopecia, even though the pilosebaceous unit clearly is affected. Here, we systematically explore the peculiar, insufficiently investigated connection between psoriasis and growing (anagen) terminal scalp hair follicles (HFs), with emphasis on shared regulatory mechanism and therapeutic targets. Interestingly, several drugs and stressors that can trigger/aggravate psoriasis can inhibit hair growth (e.g. beta‐blockers, chloroquine, carbamazepine, interferon‐alpha, perceived stress). Instead, several anti‐psoriatic agents can stimulate hair growth (e.g. cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, dithranol, UV irradiation), while skin/HF trauma (Köbner phenomenon/depilation) favours the development of psoriatic lesions and induces anagen in “quiescent” (telogen) HFs. On this basis, we propose two interconnected working models: (a) the existence of a bidirectional “hair follicle‐psoriasis axis,” along which keratinocytes of anagen scalp HFs secrete signals that favour the development and maintenance of psoriatic scalp lesions and respond to signals from these lesions, and (b) that anagen induction and psoriatic lesions share molecular “switch‐on” mechanisms, which invite pharmacological targeting, once identified. Therefore, we advocate a novel, cross‐fertilizing and integrative approach to psoriasis and hair research that systematically characterizes the “HF‐psoriasis axis,” focused on identification and therapeutic targeting of selected, shared signalling pathways in the future management of both, psoriasis and hair growth disorders.
Aged and young mice differentially respond to tape‐stripping in epidermal gene expression
Authors: Wen Si , Ye Li , Wang Xiaohua , Liu Dan , Yang Bin , Man Mao‐Qiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDisruption of epidermal permeability barrier induces an increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression and release, stimulation of epidermal lipid and DNA synthesis, and expression of antimicrobial peptides. Although alterations in epidermal function in the aged skin are known, whether the epidermal transcriptomic responses to barrier disruption differ between aged and young mice remains unknown. Here, we performed RNA sequencing of the epidermis in 2‐month‐ vs. 20‐month‐old mice following barrier disruption with repeated tape‐stripping. At baseline condition, the epidermis of 20‐month‐old mice displayed an upregulation of inflammation‐associated genes and down‐regulation of epidermal structure‐ and development‐related genes in comparison to 2‐month‐old mice. Barrier disruption upregulated expression levels of 327 genes and downregulated 209 genes in 2‐month‐old mice. In 20‐month‐old mice, the numbers of upregulated and down‐regulated genes were 537 and 299, respectively. In comparison to young mice, the prominently upregulated genes in the 20‐month‐old mice were associated with the IL‐17 signalling pathway, while downregulated genes were mainly involved in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway. These results indicate that inflammation‐associated signalling pathways are upregulated, while epidermal structure‐ and development‐related genes are downregulated in the epidermis of aged mice, with further aggravation following barrier disruption, suggesting the importance of improving epidermal function in the elderly.
Thermal stability and transient of esterified 3‐MCPD and glycidol during atmospheric frying and subsequent low‐pressure drainage of products with different surface‐to‐volume ratio
Authors: Ahmad Tarmizi Azmil Haizam , Abd Razak Raznim Arni , Abdul Hammid Abdul Niefaizal , Kuntom Ainie 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThis research investigated the influence of post‐frying vacuum application on thermal resistance, and fate of 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol esters (3‐MCPDE) and glycidol esters (GE) in palm olein when products of different surface‐to‐volume ratio (SVR) underwent intermittent frying. Pre‐fried shoestring (higher SVR) and straight‐cut French fries (lower SVR) were first conventionally fried prior to vacuum drainage (VD), namely Protocol VD. Meanwhile, control experiments involved atmospheric frying and atmospheric drainage (AD) (Protocol AD). Protocol VD was more prominent in minimising free fatty acids (FFA) for product with higher SVR (63%) compared to lower SVR (41%). Oil acidity was coincided with diacylglycerols (DAG) depreciation and marginal higher smoke point (SP). Protocol VD seemed not effective in minimising oil oxidation and polymerisation as reflected by p‐anisidine value (AnV) and polar compound fractions, and hence, delayed 3‐MCPDE and GE fragmentation.
Effect of catechins on the quality properties of wheat flour and bread
Authors: Pan Junxian , Lv Yangjun , Jiang Yulan , Zhang Haihua , Zhu Yuejin , Zhang Shikang , Han Jianzhong 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCatechin monomers and their combinations were incorporated into dough and bread to investigate their effects on the properties of dough and quality of bread. Rheological analysis showed that catechins generally increased dough stability time, dough tenacity (P), elastic modulus and viscous modulus and decreased dough development time, dough extensibility (L), swelling index (G) and deformation energy. Gallated catechin‐supplemented samples presented lower dough development time, L and G values, higher P and P/L values than non‐gallated ones. The addition of catechins altered specific volume and colour of bread but had no effects on moisture content. Bread with EGCG monomer or its combinations had lower specific volume. Bread hardness increased and springiness decreased with catechin addition. Incorporating catechins enhanced the tea polyphenol and catechin content in bread, especially in the bread crumb. Catechins increased the antioxidant activity of bread. Therefore, catechins changed the rheological properties of dough and the quality of bread.
Histone deacetylase HDAC2 silencing prevents endometriosis by activating the HNF4A/ARID1A axis
Authors: Mai Hong , Liao Yan , Luo Sufang , Wei Kaiyi , Yang Feng , Shi Haijuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEndometriosis is the most major cause of chronic pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Moreover, the involvement of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) has been identified in endometriosis. However, the specific mechanism of HDAC2 remains to be further elusive. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the mechanism of HDAC2 orchestrating hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α/AT‐rich interactive domain 1A (HNF4A/ARID1A) axis in endometriosis. Endometriosis cell line hEM15A and clinical endometriosis tissues were obtained, followed by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays in hEM15A cells. HDAC2, HNF4A and ARID1A expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8 Assay, invasion by Transwell assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. HDAC2 enrichment in HNF4A promoter region and HNF4A enrichment in ARID1A promoter region was detected through chromatin immunoprecipitation. Mouse models of endometriosis were established, followed by immunohistochemistry of Ki‐67 expression and TUNEL staining of apoptosis in ectopic tissues. HDAC2 was upregulated but HNF4A and ARID1A were downregulated in endometriosis tissues. HDAC2 inhibited HNF4A expression by deacetylation, and HNF4A was enriched in ARID1A promoter region to activate ARID1A. Silencing HDAC2 or overexpressing HNF4A or ARID1A diminished the viability and invasion and augmented the apoptosis of hEM15A cells. HDAC2 silencing reduced the area and weight of endometriosis tissues, suppressed endometriosis cell proliferation and accelerated endometriosis cell apoptosis. The inhibitory action of silencing HDAC2 via HNF4A/ARID1A axis was reproduced in mouse models. Collectively, HDAC2 silencing might upregulate HNF4A via repression of deacetylation to activate ARID1A, thus preventing the occurrence of endometriosis.
Separation of tomato aroma compounds from binary model solutions using PEBA and EPDM membranes in pervaporation: Comparison of membranes performance and investigation of temperature effect
Authors: Ghahramanifar Amin , Taghizadeh Masoud , Mousavi Seyed Mahmoud 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pervaporation separation of four important aroma compounds of tomato juice (1‐hexanol, hexanal, 2‐heptenal, and 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one) was investigated. Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polyether block amide (PEBA) membranes were fabricated and applied to treat binary model solutions containing one of the aroma compounds in water. Results showed that at 25°C, PEBA membrane had higher total flux, organic flux, and pervaporation separation index (PSI) than EPDM membrane, while EPDM performed better in terms of separation factor. For PEBA, the highest total flux (395.93 g/m2hr) was observed in separating 1‐hexanol, and for EPDM, the highest total flux (116.82 g/m2hr) was seen in treating 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one/water at 25°C. Furthermore, the impact of feed temperature on pervaporation performance was investigated. A rise from 25 to 45°C increased the total and organic fluxes for both of the membranes. The separation factors of PEBA and EPDM changed differently with temperature; higher temperatures led to improved separation factor for PEBA and reduced separation factor for EPDM. Moreover, increased feed temperature improved PSI for both membranes, while the change was more significant for PEBA.Practical applicationsIn this study, for the first time, tomato aroma compounds have been separated from their aqueous solutions in a pervaporation process. The findings obtained by the present research can be employed by any plant which processes tomato enabling them the use of aroma compounds in order to reach value added products and therefore increase worth of processing outputs.
Characteristics and outcome of suspected cerebrovascular disease in dogs: 66 cases (2009‐2016)
Authors: Ozawa T. , Miura N. , Hasegawa H. , Uemura T. , Nakamoto Y. , Tsujio M. , Takeuchi T. , Shiraishi M. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
To characterise the clinical signs of suspected cerebrovascular disease in dogs.Materials and Methods
Medical records of one hospital were searched from November 2009 to December 2016 for dogs that suffered of cerebrovascular disease. We diagnosed cerebrovascular disease based on acute onset, clinical signs and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The medical history, clinical signs, concurrent disease, area of infarction, cerebrospinal fluid results, month at onset and outcome were investigated in the cerebrovascular disease group and in a control group (dogs with brain disorders other than cerebrovascular disease).Results
A total of 122 CVD cases were extracted from the 5312 patients that visited during the study period. Of these 122 cases, 66 (1.2%) matched the subject selection criteria of our study and were included in the analysis. Forebrain infarction was observed in 51 of 66 cases, of which 24 (47.1%) suffered from seizures. The number of dogs diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease was disproportionately high in August (nine of 59 cases) and December (13 of 59 cases). In the outcome survey, deterioration was observed in 11 of 55 cases.Clinical Significance
Seizure is an important clinical sign of cerebrovascular disease in dogs. There was a significant seasonal variation in the number of dogs diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease in Japan. Clinical features observed in this report differ from those of previous reports and highlight the need for additional research in this area.
Efficacy of an eConsult service to cure hepatitis C in primary care
Authors: Nishiguchi Jacey , McNamara Anusha , Surlyn Colleen S. , Eagen Kellene Vokaty , Feeney Laura , Lian Vivian , Smith David E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 2016, an eConsult service was developed within a safety net health system to expand access to hepatitis C (HCV) treatment in the primary care setting. The eConsult system provides individualized treatment recommendations from specially trained primary care pharmacists and primary care physicians to primary care providers with less experience in the rapidly changing treatment of HCV. Since its launch, this service has had a large impact in expanding care to a largely homeless and low‐income urban population within our health system. We now aim to evaluate its efficacy in curing HCV. In this retrospective cohort study, we describe rates of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR12) for those who received primary care‐based HCV treatment through the eConsult system with those who were treated in primary care independent of an eConsult from 2017 to 2019. We found there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who achieved SVR12 between the two groups. Overall, >90% of patients who received treatment achieved SVR12. Approximately 40% of patients treated for HCV received an eConsult, suggesting utility of the eConsult in expanding access and coordinating treatment for patients within our network.
Persistence and expansion of cryptic endangered red wolf genomic ancestry along the American Gulf coast
Authors: vonHoldt Bridgett M. , Brzeski Kristin E. , Aardema Matthew L. , Schell Christopher J. , Rutledge Linda Y. , Fain Steven R. , Shutt Amy C. , Linderholm Anna , Murphy William J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdmixture and introgression play a critical role in adaptation and genetic rescue that has only recently gained a deeper appreciation. Here, we explored the geographical and genomic landscape of cryptic ancestry of the endangered red wolf that persists within the genome of a ubiquitous sister taxon, the coyote, all while the red wolf has been extinct in the wild since the early 1980s. We assessed admixture across 120,621 single nucleotiode polymorphism (SNP) loci genotyped in 293 canid genomes. We found support for increased red wolf ancestry along a west‐to‐east gradient across the southern United States associated with historical admixture in the past 100 years. Southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas, the geographical zone where the last red wolves were known prior to extinction in the wild, contained the highest and oldest levels of red wolf ancestry. Further, given the paucity of inferences based on chromosome types, we compared patterns of ancestry on the X chromosome and autosomes. We additionally aimed to explore the relationship between admixture timing and recombination rate variation to investigate gene flow events. We found that X‐linked regions of low recombination rates were depleted of introgression, relative to the autosomes, consistent with the large X effect and enrichment with loci involved in maintaining reproductive isolation. Recombination rate was positively correlated with red wolf ancestry across coyote genomes, consistent with theoretical predictions. The geographical and genomic extent of cryptic red wolf ancestry can provide novel genomic resources for recovery plans targeting the conservation of the endangered red wolf.
Incidence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in hospitalised patients administered Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic
Authors: Wombwell Eric , Bransteitter Bridget , Gillen Lisa R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBloodstream infection is an untoward effect of probiotic administration described by case reports and a cited reason to avoid using in the critically ill. The incidence rate of bloodstream infection in a population administered probiotics remains unknown.MethodsA retrospective observational analysis of incident Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a population of hospitalised patients administered Saccharomyces boulardii for primary prevention of hospital‐onset Clostridioides difficile infection. Adult patients admitted to an inpatient medical unit for 48‐h or more between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019 are included. Facility medication administration records and microbiology records were evaluated for S boulardii probiotic administration and incidence of S cerevisiae positive blood cultures. Microbiologic identification methods were unable to distinguish S cerevisiae from S boulardii.ResultsAdministration of S boulardii probiotic occurred in 16,404 of 46,729 patients analysed. S cerevisiae fungemia was identified in 18 probiotic recipients (0.11%). The observed incidence of fungemia attributable to S boulardii administration is 1.70 cases per 10,000 patient‐days. Central‐line days numbered 52,949 yielding an incidence of 0.26 cases of S cerevisiae per 1,000 central‐line days. Intensive care unit admission was significantly associated with an increase in the risk of S cerevisiae (OR 6.55, CI 2.28–18.87), incidence rate of 0.47 cases per 1,000 patient‐days.ConclusionThe risk of bloodstream infection as a result of S boulardii probiotic use appears restricted to S boulardii recipients. The risk for probiotic‐related bloodstream infection does not appear greater than the risk of any hospital‐acquired bloodstream infection both inside and outside of the intensive care unit.
Prevalence and beverage‐related risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease: An original study in Chinese college freshmen, a systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Youli , Chen Can , Ouyang Zhen , Duan Chaofan , Liu Jinsong , Hou Xiaohua , Bai Tao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBeverage‐drinking behavior could be a potential risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in young populations. However, GERD prevalence in this population has not been investigated, and beverage consumption's association with GERD remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and beverage‐related risk factors of GERD among Chinese college freshmen and in youth around the world.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Chinese college freshmen in September 2019 using random cluster sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires on demographic information, food intake frequency, and GER symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between beverages and GERD. Studies were retrieved from multiple databases for systemic review. The prevalence of GERD in young populations and beverage‐related risk factors were pooled using random‐effect models.Key ResultsBased on the 3345 individuals who completed the questionnaires, GERD prevalence in Chinese college freshmen is 5.1%. Multivariate analysis showed students who drink green tea daily, and those who drink coffee regularly were more likely to develop GERD compared with those who never drink tea or coffee. The pooled prevalence of GERD in young populations is 18.0%, and frequent alcohol consumption is positively associated with GERD in general population.Conclusions and InferencesThe prevalence of GERD in Chinese college freshmen is significantly lower than that in worldwide youth populations. Alcohol, green tea, and coffee consumption could be potential risk factors for GERD. Future large‐scale epidemiological studies are warranted for reliable identification of beverage‐related risk factors for GERD in young populations.
What is a “high” prevalence of obesity? Two rapid reviews and a proposed set of thresholds for classifying prevalence levels
Authors: Lobstein Tim , Jewell Jo 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCategories such as “low” and “high” have been used for several decades to describe the prevalence of stunting and wasting in populations of children aged under 5 years. They provide support for public health risk assessment and policy‐making, including alerting health departments and aid agencies to national trends and local needs. In the light of the need for monitoring progress to meet globally agreed targets for overweight and obesity, the classification of their prevalence will be a valuable to aid in policy development, to target resources, and to promote public health interventions. This paper reviews the current use of categories to describe obesity prevalence in policy, advocacy, and research literature. Where prevalence categories have been formally proposed, this paper compares their application on large‐scale datasets. The paper then develops a set of recommended threshold values to classify prevalence levels for overweight and obesity among children under age 5 years, children aged 5–19 years, and adults.
Correlation between geriatric nutritional risk index and oral condition in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Abe Atsushi , Ito Yu , Hayashi Hiroki , Ishihama Takanori , Momokita Moeko , Taniguchi Shinichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesNutritional status is a useful prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. Since oral hypofunction may cause undernutrition, we cross‐sectionally investigated whether the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is affected by the number of remaining teeth, occlusal support status and denture use.Materials and MethodsThe participants were 114 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between April 2017 and March 2020. The stage of gastric cancer, body mass index, albumin level, total lymphocyte count, C‐reactive protein level and GNRI were evaluated. The number of remaining teeth was also evaluated, and the occlusion state was determined based on the Eichner classification. The patients were divided into three main groups representing different occlusal states based on the Eichner index and were also categorised based on denture use.ResultsThe mean age ± standard deviation of the patients was 75.2 ± 5.5 years. The Eichner classification had a significant positive correlation with GNRI. Low GNRI was associated with a poor occlusal state in group C, while a higher GNRI was associated with a stable occlusal state in group A. However, the denture‐related groups showed no significant differences in GNRI.ConclusionThe GNRI was associated with the occlusal support level but not with denture use.
Healthcare for children depend on medical technology and parental quality of life in Japan
Authors: Matsuzawa Akemi , Arai Junichi , Shiroki Yuko , Hirasawa Akemi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore and clarify the healthcare service utilization of children dependent on medical technology (CMT), and the parental health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).MethodsParticipants recruited the primary caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC), identified using an existing registry of raising CMC aged 1−20 years and receiving reimbursements for their home‐based medical care at a children's hospital. We used an exploratory cross‐sectional study design and sent questionnaires to 286 parents. To clarify the characteristics of CMT and families, we compared two groups on demographics of children’s and families’, service utilization and parental HRQOL. The participants were categorized into the CMT and children with chronic conditions (CCC) groups, based on whether they required ventilator, suctioning, or tube feeding; had tracheostomy, or gastrostomy; or had central line or clean intermittent catheterization.ResultsOf the 95 children selected, 31 were CMT. The participants' characteristics, service utilization, and the parents' HRQOL were compared between the two groups. Compared to CCC, CMT were more likely to be younger, more unstable, more demanding of their caregiver's time, caused greater reductions in their caregiver's sleep time, caused heavier caregiver burden, had higher rates of unexpected hospital admissions and emergency visits, required greater care coordination, and exhibited a higher health service utilization. Parents of CMT were found to have poor mental and physical health in HRQOL.ConclusionsImproving the outcomes of parents caring for CMT requires high quality healthcare services, especially respite care for the parents, and care coordination.