bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Удосконалення технології отримання пектинового концентрату з вичавків червоного буряку для медичної та фармацевтичної промисловості
Authors: Бушуєв А.С. , Шапкін В.П. , Мороз О.В. , Котова В.В. 
Published: April 2021

Проведені дослідження по створенню удосконаленої і безвідходної технології отримання стійкого до окислення харчового бурякового пектину з його вичавків для медичної та фармацевтичної промисловості, а також виробництва хлібобулочних і кондитерських виробів, желейного мармеладу тадиєтичних продуктів харчування, що дозволили скоротити тривалість технологічного процесу з одночасним зменшенням енерговитрат. Удосконалена технологія отримання пектину в порівнянні з відомими технологіями, яка відрізняється безвідхідністю і екологічністю, так як в екстракції використовуються в якості екстрагента дешева лимонна кислота в невеликих концентраціях, що отримується при переробці лимонів в соки, а також для виділення пектину застосовується відновлений дистиляцією етиловий спирт. Оптимізовано умови екстракції пектину з бурякового жому, що дозволяють отримати пектин з виходом до 30%, який відповідає даним з літературних джерел. Показано, що неутилізуємі відходи від екстракції пектину використовуються для біопалива або для технологічних потреб у виробництві матеріалів медичного призначення.
Вплив кавітаційної обробки гексану та пентану одноатомними спиртами
Authors: Кудрявцев С.О. , Леоненко С.В. , Целіщев О.Б. , Лорія М.Г. , Пономарьов С.О. 
Published: April 2021

На сьогоднішній день попит світлі нафтопродукти а саме бензи, з великою швидкістю збільшується не зважаючи кількості попиту на дизельне палив та альтернативні види палив. У статті представлено загальне поняття компаундування, поняття гідродинамічної кавітації та інші види кавітації. Були проведені дослідження гідродинамічної кавітації на обробку модифікованого гептану та гексану одноатомними спиртами та вплив на значення їх детонаційної стійкості. Експериментально було доведено що кавітація впливає на збільшення октанового числа вуглеводнів модифікованих одноатомними спиртами на 4,5-4,6 пункти при концентрації спирту не більше 1 %.
Study Design in Medical Research
Authors: Choudhury Shahnaz , Amin Md Nurul 
Published: April 2021

An appropriate study design is key to answer the research question or to test the hypothesis of a study. A study design is, in fact, how a study can be conducted in a given situation. A study design is more important than analysis of data, for a faulty study design can never be retrieved once it is applied, whereas a poorly analysed study can be retrieved and reanalyzed if needed. Therefore, appropriate study design is an effective way to draw a meaningful conclusion from the research data. Here we highlight the key concept of study design, their types and formulating a study design based on research question and hypothesis.
Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2012; 2(2): 41-47
Outcome of Early Disposal of Lower Uterine Caesarean Section Patient from Hospital - A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Moon Moon TH Johra , Begum Kohinoor , Sharmin Sabina , Begum Zinat 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: Uncomplicated caesarean section patients are usually discharged from the hospital on the 7th postoperative day. Prolonged hospital stay increases the chance of nosocomial infections and facilitates them to spread rapidly. Experience shows that early discharge of patients reduces the chance of maternal and neonatal morbidities. The present study was done to assess the outcome patients discharged early from the hospital following caesarean section.
Patients & Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh from July 2006 - December 2006. A total of 300 term pregnant women admitted consecutively in the Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of the Hospital and underwent elective or emergency caesarean section were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two study groups - early discharge group and usual discharge group. Patients of Group-A were discharged 72 hours after caesarean section and were advised to visit after 7th postoperative day for follow up, while the patients of Group-B stayed in the hospital for 7 days (including the day of operation) and outcome was evaluated on 7th postoperative day at discharge. The maternal outcome measures were urinary and respiratory tract infections (UTI and RTI), wound infection and puerperal sepsis and neonatal outcome variables were umbilical cord sepsis, septicemia and respiratory distress syndrome.
Results: Of the 4,494 labour patients admitted during the 6 months study period, 1744(38%) needed caesarean section. Of them, 300 consecutive cases fulfilling the enrolment criteria were included in the study. The demographic variables studied were age, parity, socioeconomic condition. Types of caesarean section (elective or emergency) were also recorded. In 'Early discharge group' (discharge on 3rd postoperative day) out of 150 patients, only 50 patients returned for follow up on 7th postoperative day. Majority (84%) of them was free from any sorts of complications and very few of their neonates have had any complications. In 'Usual discharge group'(discharge on 7th postoperative day) out of 150 patients, 69(46%) cases developed complications. Of them wound infection was the leading complication (36%) followed by UTI (16%), RTI (9.3%), puerperal sepsis (8.0%), wound dehiscence (6.7%). Umbilical cord sepsis of newborn was also significant (17.3 %) in them. Other complications were considered negligible. Occurrence of overall complication was staggeringly lower in the former group than that in the later group (8% vs. 46%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Early discharge of patients of caesarean delivery from hospital is safe for both mothers and neonates. It reduces unnecessary hospital burden and saves hospital resources.
Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(1): 22-26
Arte urbano, reflexión sobre lo repulsivo y el terror, y la necesidad patrimonial.
Authors: Romero-Ternero María José 
Published: April 2021

¿Cuál es la funcionalidad del arte urbano? La idea es que, para convertirlo en patrimonio, no podemos dejar atrás el propósito de la practicidad y la utilidad, frente a lo contemplativo, como es el caso del muralista Alfaro Siqueiros (Ruiza et alt, 2004), o el proyecto IMVG (Villajos, S., Werckmeister, V., García, L., 2019) porque este tipo de arte concierne a la cuestión de la diversidad cultural. A las relaciones dialécticas entre el nos-otros. Todo forma parte de las inquietudes sociales, tarea que no empieza de vacío, sino desde una idiosincrasia, simbología y valores culturales, y por tanto colmada de memoria colectiva. El arte urbano, sea como sea, patrimonio o no, necesita mientras provoque reacción, y sea símbolo de valores y significados colectivos, de ese papel de la persona curadora o conservadora que lo promocione y lo active y lo gestione como legado cultural por sus diversos criterios ya sean tecnológicos o antropológicos, o cualesquiera que se deseen preservar y que sean inapelables del momento. Existe la necesidad de espacios destinados a proyectar esas manifestaciones culturales estableciendo vínculos con otras expresiones artísticas. Por ejemplo, la danza, los audiovisuales, su plasmación escrita mediante poesía, narrativas de libros o catálogos, todo ello para atraer y traer contexto cultural siendo éste el quid de la cuestión.
The Relationship Between Cognitive Performance and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents
Authors: Knatauskaitė Justė , Pukėnas Kazimieras , Kentra Tomas 
Published: April 2021

Background. Literature suggests cardiorespiratory fitness as a factor influencing cognitive improvement. The authors of the present study sought to investigate if cardiorespiratory fitness related to cognitive performance after an acute bout of game-based exercise of different intensities in adolescents.
Methods. As many as 37 adolescents (24 girls and 13 boys, 15–16 years of age) were assigned to three groups: experimental group 1 (EX 1), experimental group 2 (EX 2), and control (CON) group. The experimental groups experienced different levels of exercise intensity (EX 1 – light intensity, EX 2 – vigorous intensity). The Shuttle Run Test was performed a week before the intervention and VO2peak was calculated. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) was evaluated before and after the acute intervention. A 2 x 3 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the SDMT and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationship between the cognitive performance (SDMT) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak).
Results. Comparing the SDMT scores before and after the intervention, there were no differences found between the three groups. Neither in any of the experimental groups nor in the control group was a relationship between the SDMT score and VO2peak observed.
Conclusion. Acute game-based exercise intervention did not prove to improve cognitive performance effectively. The authors of the present paper did not confirm the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance in adolescents.
Keywords: exercise, cognitive performance, cardiorespiratory fitness.
The Incremental Prognostic Value of the Clinical Residual SYNTAX Score for Patients With Chronic Renal Insufficiency Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yan Liqiu , Li Peiyao , Wang Yabin , Han Dong , Li Sulei , Jiang Min , Cao Xufen , Cao Feng 
Published: April 2021

Background: The residual SYNTAX score (RSS) is considered a powerful prognostic indicator for determining a reasonable revascularization strategy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but the absence of clinical parameters is one of the limitations of RSS, especially in the chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) comorbidity setting. The present work aimed to investigate the incremental prognostic value of clinical residual SYNTAX score (CRSS) compared with RSS in CRI cases after PCI.Methods: Totally 2,468 consecutive CRI cases who underwent PCI from January 2014 to September 2017 were included in this retrospective analysis. CRSS was obtained by multiplying RSS by the modified ACEF score. Individuals with CRSS &gt;0 were considered to have incomplete revascularization and stratified by CRSS tertiles, the remaining cases constituted the complete revascularization (CR) group. The outcomes between these groups were compared.Results: At a median follow-up of 3 years, compared with CR group, individuals with CRSS &gt;12 showed elevated rates of all clinical outcomes, and those with CRSS ≤ 12 showed similar all-cause and cardiac mortality rates. In multivariable analysis, CRSS was a powerful independent predictive factor of all clinical outcomes. The net reclassification improvement levels of CRSS over RSS for all-cause and cardiac mortality rates were 10.3% (p = 0.007) and 16.4% (p &lt; 0.001), respectively. Compared with RSS, CRSS markedly ameliorated all-cause and cardiac mortality risk stratification.Conclusions: Compared with RSS, CRSS has incremental predictability for long-term all-cause and cardiac mortality in CRI cases following PCI.
Treatment Strategies for GLILD in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lamers Olivia A. C. , Smits Bas M. , Leavis Helen Louisa , de Bree Godelieve J. , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , Ho Hsi-en , Hurst John R. , IJspeert Hanna , Prevaes Sabine M. P. J. , Robinson Alex , van Stigt Astrid C. , Terheggen-Lagro Suzanne , van de Ven Annick A. J. M. , Warnatz Klaus , van de Wijgert Janneke H. H. M. , van Montfrans Joris 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionBesides recurrent infections, a proportion of patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) may suffer from immune dysregulation such as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD). The optimal treatment of this complication is currently unknown. Experienced-based expert opinions have been produced, but a systematic review of published treatment studies is lacking.GoalsTo summarize and synthesize the published literature on the efficacy of treatments for GLILD in CVID.MethodsWe performed a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. Papers describing treatment and outcomes in CVID patients with radiographic and/or histologic evidence of GLILD were included. Treatment regimens and outcomes of treatment were summarized.Results6124 papers were identified and 42, reporting information about 233 patients in total, were included for review. These papers described case series or small, uncontrolled studies of monotherapy with glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressants, rituximab monotherapy or rituximab plus azathioprine, abatacept, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Treatment response rates varied widely. Cross-study comparisons were complicated because different treatment regimens, follow-up periods, and outcome measures were used. There was a trend towards more frequent GLILD relapses in patients treated with corticosteroid monotherapy when compared to rituximab-containing treatment regimens based on qualitative endpoints. HSCT is a promising alternative to pharmacological treatment of GLILD, because it has the potential to not only contain symptoms, but also to resolve the underlying pathology. However, mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients, is high.ConclusionsWe could not draw definitive conclusions regarding optimal pharmacological treatment for GLILD in CVID from the current literature since quantitative, well-controlled evidence was lacking. While HSCT might be considered a treatment option for GLILD in CVID, the risks related to the procedure are high. Our findings highlight the need for further research with uniform, objective and quantifiable endpoints. This should include international registries with standardized data collection including regular pulmonary function tests (with carbon monoxide-diffusion), uniform high-resolution chest CT radiographic scoring, and uniform treatment regimens, to facilitate comparison of treatment outcomes and ultimately randomized clinical trials.
Circulating Interleukins and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lu Hui , Wu Peng-Fei , Zhang Wan , Liao Xiaoyao 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPrevious research have implicated critical roles of systemic inflammation in the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). But the causal relationship between interleukins (ILs) and MS has not been fully elucidated.ObjectiveIn this study, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to address the causal associations between genetically determined circulating levels of ILs and the risk of MS.MethodsGenetic instruments for circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-2 receptor α subunit (IL-2Rα), IL-6, IL-16, IL-17, and IL-18 were obtained from recently published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Summary-level data for MS were obtained from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. MR analyses were performed using the R software (version 3.6.1, The R Foundation) and the TwoSampleMR package.ResultsGenetic predisposition to higher circulating levels of IL-2Rα were significantly associated with MS risk. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.32; p &lt; 0.001) per one standard deviation increase in circulating IL-2Rα levels. There was a suggestive association of circulating IL-1Ra with MS risk (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99; p = 0.027). The other ILs were not associated with the outcome.ConclusionOur results indicated that circulating IL-2Rα was causally associated with risk of MS.
Administration Timing and Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients With COVID-19 and Elevated IL-6
Authors: Li Pan , Lu Zhengmao , Li Qiang , Wang Zhenmeng , Guo Yan , Cai Chen , Wang Shengyun , Liu Peng , Su Xiaoping , Huang Yi , Dong Yuchao , Qiu Wenjuan , Ling Yueming , Yarmus Lonny , Luo Fengming , Zeng Li , Bai Chong , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 receptor antibody, has previously been used for treating patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there is a lack of data regarding the administration timing of TCZ.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the timing and efficacy of TCZ in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.MethodsLaboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 with an elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) level (&gt;10 pg/ml) were offered TCZ intravenously for compassionate use. Clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and chest imaging before and after the administration of TCZ were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 58 consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria and with no compliance to the exclusion criteria were included. Of these 58 patients, 39 patients received TCZ treatment, and 19 patients who declined TCZ treatment were used as the control cohort. In the TCZ-treatment group, 6 patients (15.4%) were in mild condition, 16 (41.0%) were in severe condition, and 17 (43.6%) were in critical condition. After TCZ treatment, the condition of 27 patients (69.2%) improved and 12 (30.8%) died. Compared with the improvement group, patients in the death group had higher baseline levels of IL-6 (P = 0.0191) and procalcitonin (PCT) (P = 0.0003) and lower lymphocyte percentage (LYM) (P = 0.0059). Patients receiving TCZ treatment had better prognoses than those without TCZ treatment (P = 0.0273). Furthermore, patients with a baseline IL-6 level of ≥100 pg/ml in the TCZ-treatment group had poorer clinical outcomes than those with an IL-6 level of &lt;100 pg/ml (P = 0.0051).ConclusionThe administration of TCZ in an early stage of cytokine storm (IL-6 level &lt; 100 pg/ml) may effectively improve the clinical prognosis of patients with COVID-19 by blocking the IL-6 signal pathway.
Adaptive Esports for People With Spinal Cord Injury: New Frontiers for Inclusion in Mainstream Sports Performance
Authors: Tabacof Laura , Dewil Sophie , Herrera Joseph E. , Cortes Mar , Putrino David 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: People with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are at risk of feeling socially disconnected. Competitive esports present an opportunity for people with SCI to remotely engage in a community. The aim of this study is to discuss barriers to esports participation for people with SCI, present adaptive solutions to these problems, and analyze self-reported changes in social connection.Materials and Methods: We presented a descriptive data collected in the process of a quality improvement initiative at Mount Sinai Hospital. In 2019, seven individuals with cervical SCI and quadriplegia participated in a special interest group on esports. Group scores were then analyzed for evidence of between subjects variability using a single sample t-test. A Pearson's correlation was conducted to determine the relationship between social connectedness and demographic data.Results: All players experienced functional limitations as a result of their injury but managed to design personalized gaming setups with adaptive equipment that allowed them to successfully compete in esports. All players reported a positive change in perceived social connectedness (p &lt; 0.001) after participating in the special interest group. Score on Social Connectedness Scale negatively correlated with Time since injury (years).Discussion: It is feasible to create adaptive gaming setups that can be used by people with differing degrees and severity of SCI in a competitive esports environment. Technology and adaptive competitive esports have a potential to improve social connectedness and inclusion in people with quadriplegia. Further research on efficacy and effectiveness of these inclusive environments and their effects on quality of life, activity, and participation is warranted.
Technology of Forming Future Teachers’ Readiness for Pedagogical Improvisation
Authors: Bashkir Olha , Panchenko Violetta , Osova Olha , Zhytnytska Anastasiia 
Published: April 2021

The article grounds the relevance of the special preparation of students of pedagogical universities for pedagogical improvisation based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and the ways in which future teachers acquire professional knowledge and skills.
Having analyzed the content of the educational programs of psychology and pedagogy we proved that no purposeful training of future teachers for pedagogical improvisation has been organized. It caused the need for developing an appropriate technique.
The purpose of the article is to develop a technique to form future teachers’ readiness for pedagogical improvisation in the process of studying psychological and pedagogical disciplines.
Methodology. The research was conducted with the application of theoretical (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature to define a conceptual-categorical apparatus; grounding the technique of forming future teachers’ readiness for pedagogical improvisation) and empirical methods (surveys, questionnaires, testing, observation, conversation, dialogue, methods of expert evaluation, self-assessment analysis of learning outcomes, content of educational programs of psychological and pedagogical disciplines).
In the course of the research the following results were achieved: the essence of the concepts «readiness for pedagogical improvisation», «learning technique» was defined; structural components of readiness for pedagogical improvisation were singled out; surveys, interviews and questionnaires were conducted among the future teachers to identify their level of readiness for pedagogical improvisation. Moreover, the research contributed to the development of a technique to form future teachers’ readiness for pedagogical improvisation, which led to the gradual formation of students’ skills to improvise.
The conducted research allowed us to draw the conclusion that the readiness for pedagogical improvisation is a stable individual quality that integrates the values, knowledge, skills, which should be formed in several stages. Motivational-targeted stage was aimed at stimulating the development of positive motivation for improvisation; content and procedural stage that provided for acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills of pedagogical improvisation; evaluation-reflexive stage involving evaluation and correction of personal and professional development, content, forms and methods of training.
ENFERMEDAD INFLAMATORIA INTESTINAL PEDIÁTRICA EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Jiménez Arguedas Gabriela , Herrera Rodríguez Raquel María , Víquez Víquez Alejandro 
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes: La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) se caracteriza por una inflamación del intestino secundaria a un proceso autoinmune. En Costa Rica se desconoce la incidencia y la forma de presentación pediátrica.
Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional, basado en la revisión de expedientes clínicos. Se tomaron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de EII (enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y colitis ulcerosa (CU) entre los 0 y los 15 años, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera” para el período del 01 de agosto de 2000 al 31 de agosto de 2015.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 pacientes, 30 pacientes con colitis ulcerativa y 4 con enfermedad de Crohn. La tasa de incidencia del estudio fue de 2.96/100000 habitantes para edades entre los 0 y los 15 años. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue 8.8 años. La clínica inicial fue diarrea (85.5%); en su mayoría sanguinolenta (96.6%). Los resultados de los laboratorios al diagnóstico fueron: eritrocitos o leucocitos presentes en heces (79.3%), anemia (57.6%) y elevación de la VES (50%). El hallazgo mas común en la colonoscopía fue la mucosa friable (88.2%). Las biopsias en su mayoría fueron inespecíficas y en menos de la mitad de los casos concluyentes de CU o EC. Todos los pacientes se trataron con esteroides. Sólo 3 pacientes requirieron cirugía. El 58.8% de los pacientes tuvieron recaídas en el primer año del diagnóstico.
Conclusiones: En Costa Rica hay más casos de CU que de EC. Se debe realizar de un protocolo de atención para un mejor diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con sospecha de EII en Costa Rica.