bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic High-Resolution Acquisition Electronics for the NASA InSight Mission on Mars
Authors: Zweifel Peter , Mance Davor , ten Pierick Jan , Giardini Domenico , Schmelzbach Cedric , Haag Thomas , Nicollier Tobias , Ceylan Savas , Stähler Simon , van Driel Martin , Sollberger David , Euchner Fabian , Clinton John F. , Bierwirth Marco , Eberhardt Michel , Lognonné Philippe , Pike William T. , Banerdt W. Bruce 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structures (SEIS) was deployed on Mars in November 2018 and began science operations in March 2019. SEIS is the primary instrument of the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission, which was launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The acquisition and control (AC) electronics is a key element of SEIS. The AC acquires the seismic signals of the two sets of seismic sensors with high resolution, stores the data in its local nonvolatile memory for later transmission by the lander, and controls the numerous functions of SEIS. In this article, we present an overview of the AC with its connections to the sensors and to the lander, as well as its functionality. We describe the elements of the acquisition chains and filters, and discuss the performance of the seismic and temperature channels. Furthermore, we outline the safety functions and health monitoring, which are of paramount importance for reliable operation on Mars. In addition, we analyze an artefact affecting the seismic data referred to as the “tick-noise” and provide a method to remove this artefact by post-processing the data.
The morbidity, disability, and mortality associated with respiratory diseases in the Russian Federation (2015 – 2019)
Authors: Bystritskaya Elena V. , Bilichenko Tatiana N. 
Published: October 2021

Respiratory diseases (RD) represent one of the most urgent issues in Russian health care and have high socio-economic significance.The aim. To study the dynamics of total morbidity and mortality in the Russian Federation, as well as the mortality associated with RD in the working-age population in 2015 – 2019.Methods. The official statistical data of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Statistics Service were analyzed.Results. In 2019, the total RD-associated morbidity increased by 5.4%, and the prevalence of pneumonia increased by 29.0% compared to 2015. In 5 federal districts (FD), the morbidity exceeded the average Russian morbidity in 2019 (40,694.7). The maximum level was observed in the North-Western FD (50,224.1). The prevalence of pneumonia (Russia – 524.4) in 4 FDs exceeded the average Russian prevalence. The maximum level was reported in the Far Eastern FD (749.2 cases per 100 thousand of the total population). The RD-associated mortality rate in Russia was 51.8 cases per 100 thousand in 2015 and 41.6 cases per 100 thousand in 2018 (–19.7%). In 2018, the highest RD-associated mortality was observed in the Siberian FD (68.0) and Far Eastern FD (57.8 per 100 thousand people). From January to December 2019, the highest mortality associated with pneumonia in the working-age population was observed in the Far Eastern FD (28.2 per 100 thousand people). The RD-associated mortality rate in the male population was 4.2 times higher than in the female population (26.7 and 6.3, respectively, per 100 thousand persons of matching age).Conclusion. The highest morbidity was found in 2018 and 2019 in the Northwestern FD and Far Eastern FD. The RD-associated mortality in the Siberian FD and Far Eastern FD exceeded the average Russian values. This last observation requires additional research to improve the quality of medical care.
Follow-up pulmonary function of COVID-19 patients 4 months after hospital discharge
Authors: Savushkina Olga I. , Cherniak Alexander V. , Kryukov Evgeniy V. , Aseeva Nataliya A. , Zaytsev Andrey A. 
Published: October 2021

The end of the acute period of COVID-19 does not mean complete recovery. Observation of patients in the post-COVID-19 period showed that a significant number of people experience shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle weakness, sleep disorders, cough, palpitations, so the term post-COVID-19 syndrome was coined. The examination to identify the causes of complaints of COVID-19 convalescents should include lung function assessment.The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of lung function 4 months after hospitalization for COVID-19.Methods. 31 patients (26 males, the median age was 49 years) underwent traditional pulmonary function tests (PFTs) (spirometry, body plethysmography, test of diffusing lung capacity) and impulse oscillometry (IOS). Results. During the 1st visit, the average PFTs and IOS parameters were within the normal range in the whole group, apart from the diffusing lung capacity (DLCO), which was reduced mildly (on the border with moderate) in 77% of patients. During the 2nd visit, which was conducted on average 102 days after the 1st one, 58% of patients demonstrated abnormal lung diffusion capacity. The second assessment revealed a statistically significant increase in the slow and forced vital capacity (VC and FVC), the forced exhalation volume in 1 second (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), DLCO, and a decrease in the ratio of FEV1/FVC and the residual lung volume to TLC ratio.Conclusion. Post-COVID-19 patients show a statistically significant improvement of their lung function 4 months after hospital discharge. A systematic follow-up is essential for such patients to detect lung function abnormalities and correct them.
The effectiveness of benralizumab in the treatment of the eosinophilic phenotype of severe asthma in real clinical practice
Authors: Titova Olga N. , Kuzubova Natalia A. , Sklyarova Daria B. , Petrova Maria A. 
Published: October 2021

To evaluate the effectiveness of benralizumab in patients with the eosinophilic phenotype of severe asthma in real clinical practice after a year of therapy.Methods. During Benralizumab therapy, 13 patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (average age – 55.44 ± 7.18 years old) were examined twice: before the treatment and after 1 year of benralizumab therapy. The assessment included collection of complaints, medical history, current therapy, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) test, absolute blood count of eosinophils, spirometry.Results. All patients initially had pronounced eosinophilia of 577.5 ± 356.4 cells/μl. After 1 year of using benralizumab, the eosinophil count decreased by 96.15%. During therapy, the ACQ-5 index decreased from 1.63 ± 0.62 to 0.73 ± 0.41 in the study patients, which corresponded to the achievement of asthma control. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) increased by 23 %. The number of exacerbations decreased by 58.09%. 12 (92.31%) patients were on oral corticosteroids (OCS) (10 ± 2.17 mg of prednisolone daily) before benralizumab therapy. All subjects noted a decrease in night and day symptoms over time and were able to reduce the use of OCS. 5 (38.46%) patients achieved complete elimination of daily OCS use, 7 (53.84%) patients were able to reduce their daily OCS dose.Conclusion. Benralizumab therapy as an add-on maintenance treatment in patients with eosinophilic phenotype of severe asthma contributes to a significant decrease in peripheral blood eosinophils, which mediates an improvement in asthma control, an increase in FEV1, a reduction in the number of exacerbations, and a decrease in the need for the OCS usage. Careful monitoring of long-term adverse events is necessary during treatment with benralizumab.
NAP-22 and MARCKS mRNA expression levels in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidneys: the effect of drinking water with different calcium contents
Authors: Aldekeeva A. S. , Plekhanov A. Y. , Klyueva N. Z. 
Published: October 2021

Objective. The aim of study was to assess the effect of the level of calcium intake with drinking water on NAP-22 and MARCKS mRNA expression in cortical and medullar kidney layers of spontaneously hypertensive rats.Design and methods. The study involved 90-day-old SHR (n = 8) and WKY (n = 8) strain rats of both sexes. We assessed tissue samples from cortical and medullar kidney layers. NAP-22 and MARCKS mRNA expression levels were determined by RT-PCR.Results. Sufficient drinking water calcium intake was associated with similar the expression of NAP-22 and MARCKS mRNA in kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Consumption of drinking water with insufficient calcium content it decreases in both rat strains, being more evident in spontaneously hypertensive rats, especially in the medullar layer.Conclusions. Our results show that genetically determined impairments of calcium metabolism in cells of spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SHR line) and their effect on intracellular signaling processes are more evident with the reduced intake of exogenous calcium.
USO DOS MEIOS TECNOLÓGICOS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL PELO PROFESSOR DE MATEMÁTICA NA REGIÃO NORDESTE
Authors: Figueiredo Dantas de Sousa Antônio , Tavares Duarte Cícero Tadeu 
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho tem como proposta para o leitor apresentar com clareza a didática do professor de Matemática e o uso dos meios tecnológicos na formação do aluno do ensino fundamental na região Nordeste. Nesse contexto, os meios tecnológicos e a Didática enquanto campo de estudo visam propor princípios, formas e diretrizes que são comuns ao ensino de todas as áreas de conhecimento. Para tanto, surgiu a problematização, pois muitas disciplinas requerem um estudo mais aprofundado, como a Matemática. Como identificar a didática do professor de matemática, utilizando os meios tecnológicos no ensino fundamental da região Nordeste? Pode-se justificar dizendo que a Matemática faz parte da sociedade desde a Antiguidade, sendo obrigação dos professores transmiti-la. Pode-se ainda salientar que a Matemática ensina a pensar, tornando-nos mais aptos, por exemplo, para pensar de forma abstrata e para obter raciocínios dedutivos. Para isso, privilegia a análise das condições de ensino e suas relações com os objetivos, conteúdos, métodos e procedimentos de ensino. A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral verificar a didática utilizada pelos professores com os meios tecnológicos e as dificuldades encontradas na sala de aula na região Nordeste. O artigo constitui-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão narrativa em que foram analisados artigos, dissertações, teses e/ou livros publicados sobre a temática na última década, dos mais diversos autores, cujas produções encontram-se na internet e bibliotecas, tendo como resultado, após análise, a satisfação de ter o uso das ferramentas de informática como metodologia aplicável em sala de aula, fazendo-se necessário utilizá-las sempre dentro do ambiente escolar.

Palavras-chave: Ensino de Matemática. Didática. Meios Tecnológicos.
Caveats and Pitfalls of Production Forecast Uncertainty Analysis Using Design of Experiments
Authors: Li Boxiao , Phale Hemant , Zhang Yanfen , Tokar Timothy , Wen Xian-Huan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Design of Experiments (DoE) is one of the most commonly employed techniques in the petroleum industry for Assisted History Matching (AHM) and uncertainty analysis of reservoir production forecasts. Although conceptually straightforward, DoE is often misused by practitioners because many of its statistical and modeling principles are not carefully followed. Our earlier paper (Li et al. 2019) detailed the best practices in DoE-based AHM for brownfields. However, to our best knowledge, there is a lack of studies that summarize the common caveats and pitfalls in DoE-based production forecast uncertainty analysis for greenfields and history-matched brownfields. Our objective here is to summarize these caveats and pitfalls to help practitioners apply the correct principles for DoE-based production forecast uncertainty analysis.
Over 60 common pitfalls in all stages of a DoE workflow are summarized. Special attention is paid to the following critical project transitions: (1) the transition from static earth modeling to dynamic reservoir simulation; (2) from AHM to production forecast; and (3) from analyzing subsurface uncertainties to analyzing field-development alternatives. Most pitfalls can be avoided by consistently following the statistical and modeling principles. Some pitfalls, however, can trap experienced engineers. For example, mistakes made in handling the three abovementioned transitions can yield strongly unreliable proxy and sensitivity analysis. For the representative examples we study, they can lead to having a proxy R2 of less than 0.2 versus larger than 0.9 if done correctly. Two improved experimental designs are created to resolve this challenge.
Besides the technical pitfalls that are avoidable via robust statistical workflows, we also highlight the often more severe non-technical pitfalls that cannot be evaluated by measures like R2. Thoughts are shared on how they can be avoided, especially during project framing and the three critical transition scenarios.
Coupled Poroelastic Modeling to Characterize the 4.18-Magnitude Earthquake Due to Hydraulic Fracturing in the East Shale Basin of Western Canada
Authors: Hui Gang , Chen Shengnan , Gu Fei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recently, the elevated levels of seismicity activities in Western Canada have been demonstrated to be linked to hydraulic fracturing operations that developed unconventional resources. The underlying triggering mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity are still uncertain. The interactions of well stimulation and geology-geomechanical-hydrological features need to be investigated comprehensively. The linear poroelasticity theory was utilized to guide coupled poroelastic modeling and to quantify the physical process during hydraulic fracturing. The integrated analysis is first conducted to characterize the mechanical features and fluid flow behavior. The finite-element simulation is then conducted by coupling Darcy's law and solid mechanics to quantify the perturbation of pore pressure and poroelastic stress in the seismogenic fault zone. Finally, the Mohr-coulomb failure criterion is utilized to determine the spatial-temporal faults activation and reveal the trigger mechanisms of induced earthquakes. The mitigation strategy was proposed accordingly to reduce the potential seismic hazards near this region. A case study of ML 4.18 earthquake in the East Shale Basin was utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the coupled modeling and numerical simulation. Results showed that one inferred fault cut through the Duvernay formation with the strike of NE20°. The fracture half-length of two wells owns an average value of 124 m. The brittleness index deriving from the velocity logging data was estimated to be a relatively higher value in the Duvernay formation, indicating a geomechanical bias of stimulated formation for the fault activation. The coupled poroelastic simulation was conducted, showing that the hydrologic connection between seismogenic faults and stimulated well was established by the end of the 38th stage completion for the east horizontal well. The simulated coulomb failure stress surrounding the fault reached a maximum of 4.15 MPa, exceeding the critical value to cause the fault slip. Hence the poroelastic effects on the inferred fault were responsible for the fault activation and triggered the subsequent ML 4.18 earthquake. It is essential to optimize the stimulation site selection near the existing faults to reduce risks of future seismic hazards near the East Shale Basin.
Theoretical Analysis and Semi-Analytical Formulation for Efficient Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Wang Shihao , Wu Yu-Shu , Wen Xian-Huan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The research of multiphysical thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) simulation has achieved significant progress in the past decade. Currently, two general approaches for poromechanical simulation co-exist in the reservoir simulation community, namely the stress approach with stress as the primary variable for the mechanical governing equations and the displacement approach with displacement as the primary variable. In this work, we aim to provide a theoretical foundation and a practical semi-analytical solution for the stress approach based on the Navier-Beltrami-Michell Equations. Moreover, we will clarify the relationship (and equivalence) between the two approaches.
We have firstly proven the existence and uniqueness of the stress solution of Navier-Beltrami-Michell equation with given pressure and temperature field. Moreover, we have demonstrated the equivalence of the stress formulation to the displacement formulation. Based on Fourier's expansion, we have developed a general semi-analytical solution for thermal-hydraulic-mechanical process. The semi-analytical solution takes the pressure solution from the hydraulic simulation module (or a commercial reservoir simulator) and directly predicts the stress tensor of the multiphysical system. As such, the solution can be programmed fully coupled with the hydraulic simulation module to predict the stress field with varying pressure and temperature of homogeneous poroelastic rocks under given stress boundary conditions.
From the work above, we have laid a theoretical foundation for the stress approach. The derived semi-analytical solution of the stress field shows excellent accuracy. The solution has been used to predict the transient stress field of a dual-porosity system during primary depletion.
This paper is arguably the first trial to clarify the relationship between the stress approach and the displacement approach. Moreover, the derived semi-analytical solution provides a convenient yet precise way to obtain the stress field without time-consuming numerical simulation.
History Matching Complex 3D Systems Using Deep-Learning-Based Surrogate Flow Modeling and CNN-PCA Geological Parameterization
Authors: Tang Meng , Liu Yimin , Durlofsky Louis J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The use of deep-learning-based procedures for geological parameterization and fast surrogate flow modeling may enable the application of rigorous history matching algorithms that were previously considered impractical. In this study we incorporate such methods – specifically a geological parameterization that entails principal component analysis combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN-PCA) and a flow surrogate that uses a recurrent residual-U-Net procedure – into three different history matching procedures. The history matching algorithms considered are rejection sampling (RS), randomized maximum likelihood with mesh adaptive direct search optimization (MADS-RML), and ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA). RS is a rigorous sampler used here to provide reference results (though it can become intractable in cases with large amounts of observed data). History matching is performed for a channelized geomodel defined on a grid containing 128,000 cells. The CNN-PCA representation of geological realizations involves 400 parameters, and these are the variables determined through history matching. All flow evaluations (after training) are performed using the recurrent residual-U-Net surrogate model. Two cases, involving different amounts of historical data, are considered. We show that both MADS-RML and ES-MDA provide history matching results in general agreement with those from RS. MADS-RML is more accurate, however, and ES-MDA can display significant error in some quantities. ES-MDA requires many fewer function evaluations than MADS-RML, however, so there is a tradeoff between computational demand and accuracy. The framework developed here could be used to evaluate and tune a range of history matching procedures beyond those considered in this work.
Distributed GPU Based Matrix Power Kernel for Geoscience Applications
Authors: Anciaux Sedrakian Ani , Guignon Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-performance computing is at the heart of digital technology which allows to simulate complex physical phenomena. The current trend for hardware architectures is toward heterogeneous systems with multi-core CPUs accelerated by GPUs to get high computing power. The demand for fast solution of Geoscience simulations coupled with new computing architectures drives the need for challenging parallel algorithms. Such applications based on partial differential equations, requires to solve large and sparse linear system of equations. This work makes a step further in Matrix Powers Kernel (MPK) which is a crucial kernel in solving sparse linear systems using communication-avoiding methods. This class of methods deals with the degradation of performances observed beyond several nodes by decreasing the gap between the time necessary to perform the computations and the time needed to communicate the results. The proposed work consists of a new formulation for distributed MPK kernels for the cluster of GPUs where the pipeline communications could be overlapped by the computation. Also, appropriate data reorganization decreases the memory traffic between processors and accelerators and improves performance. The proposed structure is based on the separation of local and external components with different layers of interface nodes-due to the MPK algorithm-. The data is restructured in a way where all the data required by the neighbor process comes contiguously at the end, after the local one. Thanks to an assembly step, the contents of the messages for each neighbor are determined. Such data structure has a major impact on the efficiency of the solution, since it permits to design an appropriate communication scheme where the computation with local data can occur on the GPUs and the external ones on the CPUs. Moreover, it permits more efficient inter-process communication by an effective overlap of the communication by the computation in the asynchronous pipeline way. We validate our design through the test cases with different block matrices obtained from different reservoir simulations : fractured reservoir dual-medium, black-oil two phase-flow, and three phase-flow models. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach compared to state of the art. The proposed MPK running on several nodes of the GPU cluster provides a significant performance gain over equivalent Sparse Matrix Vector product (SpMV) which is already optimized and provides better scalability.