bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROMA: A Database of Rock Reflectance Spectra for Martian In Situ Exploration
Authors: Mandon L. , Beck P. , Quantin‐Nataf C. , Dehouck E. , Thollot P. , Loizeau D. , Volat M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ROMA database (ROck reflectance for MArtian in situ exploration, https://roma.univ-lyon1.fr) provides the reflectance spectra between 0.4 and 3–4 μm of various terrestrial, Martian, and synthetic samples, as a means to document reference measurements for comparison with data acquired by visible and near‐infrared spectrometers on planetary surfaces, with a focus on current and future Martian observations by the Perseverance (Mars 2020 mission) and Rosalind Franklin (ExoMars) rovers. The main specificity of this database is to include a significant fraction of spectra of unprocessed rock, which are more realistic analogs and often have different spectral features than the fine powders more commonly analyzed in reflectance spectroscopy. Additionally, these measurements were acquired with a spectrometer whose spot size is similar to those of the SuperCam instrument (Mars 2020 mission) at a few meters from a target. Supplementary information are provided in the ROMA database: higher‐level data (such as absorption band parameters) as well as sample mineralogy estimated by whole‐rock X‐ray diffraction analyses. Future comparisons with this database will help improve the interpretation of spectral measurements acquired on the Martian surface. This work introduces the aim of the library and its current state, but additional data on intact natural rock surfaces will likely be added in the future.
Investigating the Sensitivity of NCEP's GFS to Potential Detector Heterogeneity of Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders
Authors: Lim Agnes H. N. , Nebuda Sharon E. , Jung James A. , Predina Joseph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfrared sounding instruments use large arrays of detectors to make simultaneous observations in multiple field‐of‐view (FOV). For Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models to assimilate multiple detector observations, FOV responsivities should be well matched so that forecasts are not degraded due to dis‐similar FOV properties. In this pseudo‐observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) study, hyperspectral infrared observations are assimilated to assess the impact of FOV heterogeneity on analyses and forecasts. The Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) was selected as the representative instrument because it is an operational instrument with the lowest noise. The use of CrIS to this study is only limited to its detector configuration, orbital parameters, magnitudes of the instrument noise, and detector‐to‐detector bias. Perturbations in radiance to simulate detector heterogeneity are modeled to be wavelength and detector dependent. Results show that detector heterogeneity can be detrimental to analyses and forecasts. The data thinning routine relies on the brightness temperature of a surface sensitive channel to determine which profiles are used. If the FOV heterogeneity results in an increase in the brightness temperature, the FOV will be preferred, and this extraneous information will be used. The variational bias correction scheme does not account for biases associated with different FOVs. Unremoved biases are assimilated as “information” resulting in a biased analysis. Biases propagate and grow with time as the global data assimilation system cycles. The bias correction coefficients of all satellite observations are solved simultaneously with the atmospheric state analysis. In this way, the detector biases can influence other satellite observations.
Understanding Differences in North Atlantic Poleward Ocean Heat Transport and Its Variability in Global Climate Models
Authors: Madonna Erica , Sandø Anne Britt 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ocean heat transport from the North Atlantic to the Barents Sea impacts the sea ice extent and the energy budget of the Arctic. The analyzed climate models from the fifth (CMIP5) and sixth (CMIP6) phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project show large intermodel differences in the ocean heat transport with biases of several Terawatts at the Iceland‐Scotland Ridge and Barents Sea Opening (BSO). While both model generations show a large spread in mean volume transports, in CMIP6 temperatures are more homogeneous and realistic, yielding heat transports closer to observations. On all time scales, changes in heat transport reflect changes in volume transport, while temperature changes affect the heat transport variability on longer time scales, especially at the BSO. The temporal variability of heat and volume transports is linked to wind forcing south of Iceland and along the Norwegian coast in all models but has different magnitudes.
The Properties of ICEBEAR E‐Region Coherent Radar Echoes in the Presence of Near Infrared Auroral Emissions, as Measured by the Swarm‐E Fast Auroral Imager
Authors: Huyghebaert Devin , St.‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , McWilliams Kathryn , Hussey Glenn , Howarth Andrew D. , Rutledge Paige , Erion Stephanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor the first time, near infrared (NIR) auroral emissions measured from space have been compared with E‐region coherent scatter. The E‐region coherent scatter observations were obtained by the 49.5 MHz Ionospheric Continuous‐wave E‐region Bistatic Experimental Auroral Radar (ICEBEAR) in western Canada. NIR emissions integrated over 650–1,100 nm wavelengths were obtained from the Fast Auroral Imager instrument onboard e‐POP on CASSIOPE (now Swarm‐E) with a 1 s temporal resolution (same as ICEBEAR), with the instrument slewed to the center of the ICEBEAR field‐of‐view. The coherent echoes and the NIR emissions are expected to originate below 120 km altitude. The radar spectra indicated that the turbulence was very weak. The location of all coherent echoes corresponded to NIR emission brightness values of more than 250 kR (kilo‐Rayleighs) and less than 1,250 kR. When the emissions were very bright, the electric fields were seemingly too weak to produce plasma instabilities, explaining why no radar echoes were detected. By contrast, even if the electric field happened to be relatively strong in dark regions, the background plasma densities were too small to generate detectable coherent scatter radar echoes. The Doppler shifts of the coherent scatter spectra were clustered around 465 and ± 250 m/s. These magnitudes did not agree with the quiet 350 m/s ion‐acoustic speed expected from the weaker electric fields that should have prevailed under weak turbulence situations. The unexpected Doppler shifts were potentially due to either unexpected strong electric fields and altitude variations, or ambient km‐size density gradients at 110 km.
Embracing Data Incompleteness for Better Earthquake Forecasting
Authors: Mizrahi Leila , Nandan Shyam , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose two methods to calibrate the parameters of the epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model based on expectation maximization (EM) while accounting for temporal variation of catalog completeness. The first method allows for model calibration on long‐term earthquake catalogs with temporal variation of the completeness magnitude,mc. This calibration technique is beneficial for long‐term probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), which is often based on a mixture of instrumental and historical catalogs. The second method generalizes the concept ofmc, considering rate‐ and magnitude‐dependent detection probability, and allows for self‐consistent estimation of ETAS parameters and high‐frequency detection incompleteness. With this approach, we aim to address the potential biases in parameter calibration due to short‐term aftershock incompleteness, embracing incompleteness instead of avoiding it. Using synthetic tests, we show that both methods can accurately invert the parameters of simulated catalogs. We then use them to estimate ETAS parameters for California using the earthquake catalog since 1932. To explore how model calibration, inclusion of small events, and accounting for short‐term incompleteness affect earthquakes' predictability, we systematically compare variants of ETAS models based on the second approach in pseudo‐prospective forecasting experiments for California. Our proposed model significantly outperforms the ETAS null model, with decreasing information gain for increasing target magnitude threshold. We find that the ability to include small earthquakes for simulation of future scenarios is the primary driver of the improvement and that accounting for incompleteness is necessary. Our results have significant implications for our understanding of earthquake interaction mechanisms and the future of seismicity forecasting.
Impact of COVID-19 in patients with multiple myeloma based on a global data network
Authors: Martinez-Lopez J. , Hernandez-Ibarburu G. , Alonso R. , Sanchez-Pina J. M. , Zamanillo I. , Lopez-Muñoz N. , Iñiguez Rodrigo , Cuellar C. , Calbacho M. , Paciello M. L. , Ayala R. , García-Barrio N. , Perez-Rey D. , Meloni L. , Cruz J. , Pedrera-Jiménez M. , Serrano-Balazote P. , de la Cruz J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has represented a major cause of morbidity/mortality worldwide, overstressing health systems. Multiple myeloma (MM) patients show an increased risk for infections and they are expected to be particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we have obtained a comprehensive picture of the impact of COVID-19 in MM patients on a local and a global scale using a federated data research network (TriNetX) that provided access to Electronic Medical Records (EMR) from Health Care Organizations (HCO) all over the world. Through propensity score matched analyses we found that the number of new diagnoses of MM was reduced in 2020 compared to 2019 (RR 0.86, 95%CI 0.76–0.96) and the survival of newly diagnosed MM cases decreased similarly (HR 0.61, 0.38–0.81). MM patients showed higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR 2.09, 1.58–2.76) and a higher excess mortality in 2020 (difference in excess mortality 9%, 4.4–13.2) than non-MM patients. By interrogating large EMR datasets from HCO in Europe and globally, we confirmed that MM patients have been more severely impacted by COVID-19 pandemic than non-MM patients. This study highlights the necessity of extending preventive measures worlwide to protect vulnerable patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection by promoting social distancing and an intensive vaccination strategies.
Regeneration of immunocompetent B lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells guided by transcription factors
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Bingyan , Weng Qitong , Hu Fangxiao , Lin Yunqing , Xia Chengxiang , Peng Huan , Wang Yao , Liu Xiaofei , Liu Lijuan , Xiong Jiapin , Geng Yang , Zhao Yalan , Zhang Mengyun , Du Juan , Wang Jinyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRegeneration of functional B lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is challenging, and reliable methods have not been developed. Here, we unveiled the guiding role of three essential factors, Lhx2, Hoxa9, and Runx1, the simultaneous expression of which preferentially drives B lineage fate commitment and in vivo B lymphopoiesis using PSCs as a cell source. In the presence of Lhx2, Hoxa9, and Runx1 expression, PSC-derived induced hematopoietic progenitors (iHPCs) immediately gave rise to pro/pre-B cells in recipient bone marrow, which were able to further differentiate into entire B cell lineages, including innate B-1a, B-1b, and marginal zone B cells, as well as adaptive follicular B cells. In particular, the regenerative B cells produced adaptive humoral immune responses, sustained antigen-specific antibody production, and formed immune memory in response to antigen challenges. The regenerative B cells showed natural B cell development patterns of immunoglobulin chain switching and hypermutation via cross-talk with host T follicular helper cells, which eventually formed T cell-dependent humoral responses. This study exhibits de novo evidence that B lymphopoiesis can be regenerated from PSCs via an HSC-independent approach, which provides insights into treating B cell-related deficiencies using PSCs as an unlimited cell resource.
Observation of hybrid higher-order skin-topological effect in non-Hermitian topolectrical circuits
Authors: Zou Deyuan , Chen Tian , He Wenjing , Bao Jiacheng , Lee Ching Hua , Sun Houjun , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRobust boundary states epitomize how deep physics can give rise to concrete experimental signatures with technological promise. Of late, much attention has focused on two distinct mechanisms for boundary robustness—topological protection, as well as the non-Hermitian skin effect. In this work, we report the experimental realizations of hybrid higher-order skin-topological effect, in which the skin effect selectively acts only on the topological boundary modes, not the bulk modes. Our experiments, which are performed on specially designed non-reciprocal 2D and 3D topolectrical circuit lattices, showcases how non-reciprocal pumping and topological localization dynamically interplays to form various states like 2D skin-topological, 3D skin-topological-topological hybrid states, as well as 2D and 3D higher-order non-Hermitian skin states. Realized through our highly versatile and scalable circuit platform, theses states have no Hermitian nor lower-dimensional analog, and pave the way for applications in topological switching and sensing through the simultaneous non-trivial interplay of skin and topological boundary localizations.
Multiple site place-of-care manufactured anti-CD19 CAR-T cells induce high remission rates in B-cell malignancy patients
Authors: Maschan Michael , Caimi Paolo F. , Reese-Koc Jane , Sanchez Gabriela Pacheco , Sharma Ashish A. , Molostova Olga , Shelikhova Larisa , Pershin Dmitriy , Stepanov Alexey , Muzalevskii Yakov , Suzart Vinicius G. , Otegbeye Folashade , Wald David , Xiong Ying , Wu Darong , Knight Adam , Oparaocha Ibe , Ferencz Beatrix , Roy Andre , Worden Andrew , Kruger Winfried , Kadan Michael , Schneider Dina , Orentas Rimas , Sekaly Rafick-Pierre , de Lima Marcos , Dropulić Boro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting the CD19 antigen are effective in treating adults and children with B-cell malignancies. Place-of-care manufacturing may improve performance and accessibility by obviating the need to cryopreserve and transport cells to centralized facilities. Here we develop an anti-CD19 CAR (CAR19) comprised of the 4-1BB co-stimulatory and TNFRSF19 transmembrane domains, showing anti-tumor efficacy in an in vivo xenograft lymphoma model. CAR19 T cells are manufactured under current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) at two disparate clinical sites, Moscow (Russia) and Cleveland (USA). The CAR19 T-cells is used to treat patients with relapsed/refractory pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL; n = 31) or adult B-cell Lymphoma (NHL; n = 23) in two independently conducted phase I clinical trials with safety as the primary outcome (NCT03467256 and NCT03434769, respectively). Probability of measurable residual disease-negative remission was also a primary outcome in the ALL study. Secondary outcomes include complete remission (CR) rates, overall survival and median duration of response. CR rates are 89% (ALL) and 73% (NHL). After a median follow-up of 17 months, one-year survival rate of ALL complete responders is 79.2% (95%CI 64.5‒97.2%) and median duration of response is 10.2 months. For NHL complete responders one-year survival is 92.9%, and median duration of response has not been reached. Place-of-care manufacturing produces consistent CAR-T cell products at multiple sites that are effective for the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies.
Parallel-stacked aromatic molecules in hydrogen-bonded inorganic frameworks
Authors: Igarashi Masayasu , Nozawa Takeshi , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Yagihashi Fujio , Kikuchi Takashi , Sato Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBy precisely constructing molecules and assembling these into well-defined supramolecular structures, novel physical properties and functionalities can be realized, and new areas of the chemical space can be accessed. In both materials science and biology, a deeper understanding of the properties and exploitation of the reversible character of weak bonds and interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions, is anticipated to lead to the development of materials with novel properties and functionalities. We apply the hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) strategy to inorganic materials science using the cubic octamer of orthosilicic acid, [Si8O12][OH]8, as a building block, and find that various types of hydrogen-bonded inorganic frameworks (HIFs). We succeed in parallel π-stacking pure benzene, thiophene, selenophene, p-benzoquinone, thiophene·p-benzoquinone, and benzene·p-benzoquinone polymers infinitely. These polymers interact via their π-systems by taking advantage of the flexible pores of the three-dimensional nano-honeycomb HIFs, which consist of periodic wide and narrow segments.
Breast tissue regeneration is driven by cell-matrix interactions coordinating multi-lineage stem cell differentiation through DDR1
Authors: Rauner Gat , Jin Dexter X. , Miller Daniel H. , Gierahn Todd M. , Li Carman M. , Sokol Ethan S. , Feng Yu-Xiong , Mathis Robert A. , Love J. Christopher , Gupta Piyush B. , Kuperwasser Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMammary morphogenesis is an orchestrated process involving differentiation, proliferation and organization of cells to form a bi-layered epithelial network of ducts and lobules embedded in stromal tissue. We have engineered a 3D biomimetic human breast that makes it possible to study how stem cell fate decisions translate to tissue-level structure and function. Using this advancement, we describe the mechanism by which breast epithelial cells build a complex three-dimensional, multi-lineage tissue by signaling through a collagen receptor. Discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 induces stem cells to differentiate into basal cells, which in turn stimulate luminal progenitor cells via Notch signaling to differentiate and form lobules. These findings demonstrate how human breast tissue regeneration is triggered by transmission of signals from the extracellular matrix through an epithelial bilayer to coordinate structural changes that lead to formation of a complex ductal-lobular network.
Distinct roles of KLF4 in mesenchymal cell subtypes during lung fibrogenesis
Authors: Chandran Rachana R. , Xie Yi , Gallardo-Vara Eunate , Adams Taylor , Garcia-Milian Rolando , Kabir Inamul , Sheikh Abdul Q. , Kaminski Naftali , Martin Kathleen A. , Herzog Erica L. , Greif Daniel M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring lung fibrosis, the epithelium induces signaling to underlying mesenchyme to generate excess myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix; herein, we focus on signaling in the mesenchyme. Our studies indicate that platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-β+ cells are the predominant source of myofibroblasts and Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 4 is upregulated in PDGFR-β+ cells, inducing TGFβ pathway signaling and fibrosis. In fibrotic lung patches, KLF4 is down-regulated, suggesting KLF4 levels decrease as PDGFR-β+ cells transition into myofibroblasts. In contrast to PDGFR-β+ cells, KLF4 reduction in α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ cells non-cell autonomously exacerbates lung fibrosis by inducing macrophage accumulation and pro-fibrotic effects of PDGFR-β+ cells via a Forkhead box M1 to C-C chemokine ligand 2—receptor 2 pathway. Taken together, in the context of lung fibrosis, our results indicate that KLF4 plays opposing roles in PDGFR-β+ cells and SMA+ cells and highlight the importance of further studies of interactions between distinct mesenchymal cell types.
Large-scale genome-wide study reveals climate adaptive variability in a cosmopolitan pest
Authors: Chen Yanting , Liu Zhaoxia , Régnière Jacques , Vasseur Liette , Lin Jian , Huang Shiguo , Ke Fushi , Chen Shaoping , Li Jianyu , Huang Jieling , Gurr Geoff M. , You Minsheng , You Shijun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of climatic adaptation is essential for predicting species’ responses to climate change. However, intraspecific variation of these responses arising from local adaptation remains ambiguous for most species. Here, we analyze genomic data from diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) collected from 75 sites spanning six continents to reveal that climate-associated adaptive variation exhibits a roughly latitudinal pattern. By developing an eco-genetic index that combines genetic variation and physiological responses, we predict that mostP. xylostellapopulations have high tolerance to projected future climates. Using genome editing, a key gene,PxCad, emerged from our analysis as functionally temperature responsive. Our results demonstrate thatP. xylostellais largely capable of tolerating future climates in most of the world and will remain a global pest beyond 2050. This work improves our understanding of adaptive variation along environmental gradients, and advances pest forecasting by highlighting the genetic basis for local climate adaptation.
Enantioselective access to tricyclic tetrahydropyran derivatives by a remote hydrogen bonding mediated intramolecular IEDHDA reaction
Authors: Jin Min , Tang Congyun , Li Yingying , Yang Shuai , Yang Ying-Tao , Peng Lin , Li Xiao-Nian , Zhang Wenjing , Zuo Zhili , Gagosz Fabien , Wang Liang-Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInverse-electron-demand-hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of alkenes with α,β-unsaturated keto compounds allow rapid access to the tetrahydropyran ring found in numerous natural products and bioactive molecules. Despite its synthetic interest, catalytic asymmetric versions of this process remain underdeveloped, especially regarding the use of non-activated alkenes reacting with α,β-unsaturated ketone or aldehyde, for which no report can be found in the literature. Herein, we describe the catalytic inverse-electron-demand-hetero-Diels-Alder reactions between neutral alkenes and an α,β-unsaturated ketones or aldehydes to produce a variety of trans-fused [5,6,8] tricyclic structures containing a central, chiral tetrahydropyran ring. This complex transformation, which is achieved using a chiral phosphoric acid, allows for the formation of four stereogenic centers in a single step with high regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). Such level of stereocontrol could be achieved by a key remote double hydrogen atom bonding interaction between the linear substrate and the catalyst.
Emergence of the London Millennium Bridge instability without synchronisation
Authors: Belykh Igor , Bocian Mateusz , Champneys Alan R. , Daley Kevin , Jeter Russell , Macdonald John H. G. , McRobie Allan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe pedestrian-induced instability of the London Millennium Bridge is a widely used example of Kuramoto synchronisation. Yet, reviewing observational, experimental, and modelling evidence, we argue that increased coherence of pedestrians’ foot placement is a consequence of, not a cause of the instability. Instead, uncorrelated pedestrians produce positive feedback, through negative damping on average, that can initiate significant lateral bridge vibration over a wide range of natural frequencies. We present a simple general formula that quantifies this effect, and illustrate it through simulation of three mathematical models, including one with strong propensity for synchronisation. Despite subtle effects of gait strategies in determining precise instability thresholds, our results show that average negative damping is always the trigger. More broadly, we describe an alternative to Kuramoto theory for emergence of coherent oscillations in nature; collective contributions from incoherent agents need not cancel, but can provide positive feedback on average, leading to global limit-cycle motion.