bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionotropic receptors mediate nitrogenous waste avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dhakal Subash , Sang Jiun , Aryal Binod , Lee Youngseok 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmmonia and its amine-containing derivatives are widely found in natural decomposition byproducts. Here, we conducted biased chemoreceptor screening to investigate the mechanisms by which different concentrations of ammonium salt, urea, and putrescine in rotten fruits affect feeding and oviposition behavior. We identified three ionotropic receptors, including the two broadly required IR25a and IR76b receptors, as well as the narrowly tuned IR51b receptor. These three IRs were fundamental in eliciting avoidance against nitrogenous waste products, which is mediated by bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs). The aversion of nitrogenous wastes was evaluated by the cellular requirement by expressing Kir2.1 and behavioral recoveries of the mutants in bitter-sensing GRNs. Furthermore, by conducting electrophysiology assays, we confirmed that ammonia compounds are aversive in taste as they directly activated bitter-sensing GRNs. Therefore, our findings provide insights into the ecological roles of IRs as a means to detect and avoid toxic nitrogenous waste products in nature.
Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults: The Effects of a Pandemic
Authors: Heape Amber 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
This clinical focus article examines the effect of social isolation and loneliness forced by the pandemic on the geriatric population. Since March 11, 2020, when a global pandemic was declared, a new concept of social distancing has swept the United States and the world. While these efforts have been challenging for the entire population, there has been a disproportionate effect on minority groups, low-income communities, and one especially vulnerable group that has emerged: older adults.

Method:
A review of existing scientific research on social isolation and loneliness in the aging population was conducted. Current demographic data on the aging population were gathered to determine clinical applicability of research evidence. Principles of bioethics were considered within a risk/benefit assessment related to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Social determinants of health were examined within the context of the pandemic.

Results:
Research supports the link between social isolation, loneliness, and negative outcomes in older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of these negative effects, including anxiety/depression, neuroinflammation, substance abuse, physical or nutritional deficits, and a decline in overall health.

Conclusion:
Strategies to mitigate the negative effects of social isolation may include technological intervention, attendance at virtual events, socially distanced outdoor activities, family connection, and cognitive stimulation or leisure tasks.
Analytic modeling of recurrent Forbush decreases caused by corotating interaction regions
Authors: Vršnak B. , Dumbović M. , Heber B. , Kirin A. 
Published: November 2021

Context.On scales of days, the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux is affected by coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions (CIRs), causing so-called Forbush decreases and recurrent Forbush decreases (RFDs), respectively.Aims.We explain the properties and behavior of RFDs recorded at about 1 au that are caused by CIRs generated by solar wind high-speed streams (HSSs) that emanate from coronal holes.Methods.We employed a convection-diffusion GCR propagation model based on the Fokker-Planck equation and applied it to solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field properties at 1 au.Results.Our analysis shows that the only two effects that are relevant for a plausible overall explanation of the observations are the enhanced convection effect caused by the increased velocity of the HSS and the reduced diffusion effect caused by the enhanced magnetic field and its fluctuations within the CIR and HSS structure. These two effects that we considered in the model are sufficient to explain not only the main signatures of RFDs, but also the sometimes observed “over-recovery” and secondary dips in RFD profiles. The explanation in terms of the convection-diffusion GCR propagation hypothesis is tested by applying our model to the observations of a long-lived CIR that recurred over 27 rotations in 2007–2008.Conclusions.Our analysis demonstrates a very good match of the model results and observations.
Trust, Efficient Contracting and Export Upgrading
Authors: Ndubuisi Gideon , Owusu Solomon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInformal contracting institutions constitute an essential part of a country’s overall contracting institution, however, the nascent literature examining the effect of contracting institutions on the quality of products a country produces and exports, have paid a limited attention on the role of informal contracting institutions. We fill this gap in the literature by examining whether higher trust levels, as an informal contracting institution, leads to product-quality upgrading by reducing contractual frictions and opportunistic behaviors. Using industry-level data spanning 1995–2014, we examined this relationship using the generalized difference-in-difference method. We find that contract-intensive industries in trust-intensive societies experience a disproportionally higher increase in the production and export of higher-quality products compared to those industries in low-trusting societies. This result holds after controlling for conventional sources of comparative advantage and formal contracting institution. Hence, the result underscores the importance of informal contracting institutions for improved economic performance and stress the crucial fact that countries with strong and efficient informal institutions can still benefit in market-related activities even in the presence of weak formal institutions.
Quantum magnetic imaging of iron organelles within the pigeon cochlea
Authors: de Gille Robert W. , McCoey Julia M. , Hall Liam T. , Tetienne Jean-Philippe , Malkemper E. Pascal , Keays David A. , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L. , Simpson David A. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Cuticulosomes are subcellular structures located within the inner ear hair cells of a variety of avian species with potential relevance to magnetoreception. Here we apply quantum magnetic microscopy to image the magnetic properties of individual iron cuticulosomes within tissue samples. The magnetic susceptibility of the cuticulosomes was determined by characterizing the stray magnetic field strength as a function of applied magnetic field in two distinct locations of the pigeon inner ear. The measured susceptibilities do not support the particle model of magnetoreception, suggesting the physiological relevance of cuticulosomes lies in iron storage or stabilization of stereocilia. The quantum magnetic imaging method can be applied across a variety of biological systems providing an effective tool to screen for magnetic particle–based magnetoreceptors.
Positionally-sensitive action-ascription
Authors: Deppermann Arnulf , Gubina Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Schegloff (1996) has argued that grammars are
“positionally-sensitive”, implying that the situated use and understanding of linguistic formats depends on their
sequential position. Analyzing the German format Kannst du X? (corresponding to English Can you
X?) based on 82 instances from a large corpus of talk-in-interaction (FOLK), this paper shows how
different action-ascriptions to turns using the same format depend on various orders of context. We show that not only
sequential position, but also epistemic status, interactional histories, multimodal conduct, and linguistic devices
co-occurring in the same turn are decisive for the action implemented by the format. The range of actions performed with
Kannst du X? and their close interpretive interrelationship suggest that they should not be
viewed as a fixed inventory of context-dependent interpretations of the format. Rather, the format provides for a
root-interpretation that can be adapted to local contextual contingencies, yielding situated action-ascriptions that
depend on constraints created by contexts of use.
On the hydrogen atom in the holographic universe
Authors: Jalalzadeh S , Abarghouei Nejad S , Moniz P V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the holographic bound utilizing a homogeneous, isotropic, and non-relativistic neutral hydrogen gas present in the de Sitter space. Concretely, we propose to employ de Sitter holography intertwined with quantum deformation of the hydrogen atom using the framework of quantum groups. Particularly, the



q

(
so
(
4
)
)

quantum algebra is used to construct a finite-dimensional Hilbert space of the hydrogen atom. As a consequence of the quantum deformation of the hydrogen atom, we demonstrate that the Rydberg constant is dependent on the de Sitter radius, L
Λ. This feature is then extended to obtain a finite-dimensional Hilbert space for the full set of all hydrogen atoms in the de Sitter universe. We then show that the dimension of the latter Hilbert space satisfies the holographic bound. We further show that the mass of a hydrogen atom

m

atom

, the total number of hydrogen atoms at the Universe, N, and the retrieved dimension of the Hilbert space of neutral hydrogen gas,

Dim



bulk

, are related to the de Sitter entropy,

S

dS

, the Planck mass,

m

Planck

, the electron mass,

m

e

, and the proton mass

m

p

, by

m

atom

≃

m

Planck

S

dS

−

1

6

,

N
≃

S

dS

2

3

and

Dim



bulk

=

2

m

e

m

p

α

2

S

dS

, respectively.
Microscopic study of higher-order deformation effects on the ground states of superheavy nuclei around 270Hs *
Authors: Wang Xiao-Qian , Sun Xiang-Xiang , Zhou Shan-Gui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the effects of higher-order deformations

(

and 10) on the ground state properties of superheavy nuclei (SHN) near the doubly magic deformed nucleus

using the multidimensionally-constrained relativistic mean-field (MDC-RMF) model with five effective interactions: PC-PK1, PK1, NL3*, DD-ME2, and PKDD. The doubly magic properties of

include large energy gaps at

and

in the single-particle spectra. By investigating the binding energies and single-particle levels of

in the multidimensional deformation space, we find that, among these higher-order deformations, the deformation

has the greatest impact on the binding energy and influences the shell gaps considerably. Similar conclusions hold for other SHN near

. Our calculations demonstrate that the deformation

must be considered when studying SHN using MDC-RMF.
Skeletal muscle mass index by bioelectrical impedance analysis of self-supporting adults aged 60 years
Authors: González-Correa C H , Pineda-Zuluaga M C , Sepúlveda-Gallego L E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Data on the prevalence of sarcopenia may differ in the same population depending on the reference values used. It is recommended to have reference values obtained from the same population. In Colombia, skeletal muscle mass (SMM) parameters are scarce. The objective was to establish normal values for the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) and reference values for loss of muscle mass through bioelectric impedance analysis to improve the diagnosis of sarcopenia in the region. This study involved 237 healthy community-dwelling adults over 60 years old. The cut-off values for diagnosis of loss of muscle mass were stablished as the mean -2SD of the population evaluated. The group included 141 females and 96 males. The mean of SMMI were 7.5 ± 0.7 and 9.6 ± 0.8 kg/m2 for women and men, respectively. The cut-off thresholds for low SMMI were 6.1 kg/m2 and 8.0 kg/m2 in females and males. The SMMI values of the self-support elderly found in this study are useful to determine when people have a muscle mass within normal limits and when they could be at risk of or have sarcopenia. Further studies from different regions of this high-rate biodiversity country are recommended to obtain national reference values.
Non-invasive blood pressure as an application of electrical impedance: a short review
Authors: Romero-Beltrán C A , González-Vargas A M , Cabrera-López J J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) has gained importance as a diagnostic technique in medicine to determine the electrical properties of tissues. For example, it has been used in tissue characterization, cancer detection, and electromyography. Some of the characteristics of EBI are its low cost, the absence of irradiation during the measurement process, and its non-invasive nature. In this sense, there is interest in developing medical equipment that performs non-invasive measurements of blood pressure (BP). Electrical Impedance Plethysmography (EIP) is a technique commonly used to extract the waveform associated with BP. In this short review, we will cover research articles published in peer-reviewed journals during the last decades, and show developments in the area of EIP, with a brief discussion of relevant results and current challenges.
Design proposal of a DNA biosensor by means of relative bioimpedance measurements and genetic amplification: preliminary results
Authors: Ames-Lastra G , Castillo-Salazar I A , Hernández-Nava A , Sánchez V , Gómez-López M , Sánchez J , Pérez-Vielma N , González-Díaz C A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, we propose the instrumentation of a DNA biosensor whose detection technique is based on relative bioimpedance measurements. The scope of this work is to report the preliminary results of an initial functional test using two samples: milli-q water and saline solution.
Clothoid curve optimization for parallel parking path planning and tracking control
Authors: Zhao Feiying , Huang Kaiqi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of abrupt curvature change at the connection between arcs and straight lines in circle-line-circle (C-L-C) combined parallel parking paths, curvature optimization was carried out by using a cycloid curve, and the trajectory curvature and heading Angle were made to meet the pose requirements of parallel parking. By establishing the kinematics model state equation and taking the optimized C-L-C trajectory as the reference trajectory, the error model was obtained. The model predictive controller based on the error model was designed, and the effectiveness of the path planning and model predictive controller was verified on Carsim and Matlab/Simulink co-simulation platform.
Human Behavior Recognition Method based on Two-layer LSTM Network with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Gao Zhijun , Gu Qiaoyu , Han Zhonghua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the exiting human skeleton-based action recognition methods cannot fully extract the relevant information before and after the action, resulting in low utilization efficiency of skeleton points, we propose a two-layer LSTM (long short term memory) network with attention mechanism. The network has two layers, the first LSTM network is used for skeleton coding and initialization of system storage units and the second LSTM network integrates attention mechanism to further process the data of the first layer network. An algorithm is designed to assign different weights to skeleton points according to the importance of human body, which greatly increases the recognition accuracy. Action classification is accomplished by multiple support vector machines. Through training and testing, the average recognition rate of 98.5% is achieved on KTH dataset. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is effective in human behavior recognition.
Research on the Controlling Process in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Xiao Chuyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the development of science and technology, self-driving automobile will become increasingly available in the future, and our lives will become more convenient with them. Autocar is in an area of robotics, belonging to the service field. It can be used to make our lives better and reduce the cost of human driving the car, thus will have a great effect on human’s life. However, people do not understand the mechanism of self-driving quite clearly, it is necessary to present some basic operating process and related algorithms of the automatic cars. Meanwhile, in order to show how a self-driving car could control itself using various sensors and algorithms, which is also the basic idea of the automobile company to make a new autocar. Different sensors that are able to detect the behavior of the self-driving cars are used in this paper to fit in different algorithm that follows the principles of motion and robotics. It is concluded that the car could theoretically drive safely, and could avoid crashing to other cars, people or barriers with the safety algorithm. Also, the car could follow the traffic rules properly and plan the most efficient route to get to the final location.
An Improved Cuckoo Search Clustering Method for Line Loss Data of Transformer District with DGs
Authors: Yu Lingang , Wu Dongwen , Hu Zhiqiang , Yu Aiqing , Zhu Liang , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For the low-voltage transformer district with distributed generations (DGs), the traditional theoretical calculation method of line loss is not applicable. This paper presents a novel clustering method for line loss data of transformer district with DGs, which combined an improved Cuckoo Search algorithm and K-Means clustering algorithm. Firstly, the influence factors of line loss are screened based on the maximum information coefficient, and the line loss index system is established. Secondly, an improved cuckoo search clustering algorithm is proposed to cluster the sample data set to reduce the dependence on the initial clustering center. Finally, the simulation results of 410 samples from a certain area with photovoltaic power supply show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method is accurate and effective.
Bluetooth Low Energy Error Correction Based on Convolutional Coding
Authors: Cao Yue , Liu Zaixin , Wu Longyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Contemporarily, the Internet of Things (IoT) is recently a newly emerging technology for connecting small devices into a platform; the IoT has been an increasingly demanded front-edge technology in terms of connecting different devices using information transmission and storage technology. To adapt to the small capacities of device batteries, Bluetooth Low Energy is adopted as the protocol of communication. However, the existing standards do not have a suitable and specific error correction method. As there is no ideal information transmission channel, there must be errors that occurred during message transmission. The performance and capacity of error correction become decisive factors in evaluating how efficient the IoT communication system performs. This article uses convolutional coding—a better-performing coding scheme than block coding—to correct errors in information transmission and reception on Internet of Things devices. It is better competent to control and correct bit errors in information transmission. To achieve this goal, convolutional coding algorithms devised by Dr Justin Coon at the University of Oxford have been referred to. By simulation using MATLAB, it has been found that the error rate is enhanced significantly for high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in convolutional codes compared to uncoded messages.
On Simulation and Experiment of Flow Field of Combustion Coal Fallout Detection Instrument Based on CFD
Authors: Sang Yaoshuo , Yan Qiunan , Liu Yong , Zhang Long , Li Zhigang , Ye Chao , Guo Chaohao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to further improve accuracy and stability of detection of combustion coal fallout propensity of cigarettes, author of the paper adopted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology for a three-dimensional numerical simulation of exhaust system of detection instrument, aiming to study characteristics of flow field near cigarettes. Moreover, a simulation model of eight-channel exhaust enclosure was established, obtaining vector diagram for flow velocity of flow field, velocity contour diagram, and pressure distribution cloud diagram. According to findings, flow field of eight channels is evenly distributed, with slow flow velocity around the instrument but furious inside channels. The wind velocity of cigarette monitoring channel is stable at about 200mm/s specified as per standard. However, there is significant change in pressure and flow velocity at the corners of channels, causing local turbulence. In experiments, average wind velocity of 8 monitoring channels was measured, and simulation results were compared with experiment data. Eventually, a conclusion is drawn that simulation result at cigarette monitoring channels changes consistently with the experimental data, with small errors as a whole. Therefore, the designed exhaust system complies with regulations on wind velocity stipulated by YC/T558-2018 Cigarettes—Determination of Combustion Coal Fallout Propensity of Burning Cigarettes. In a word, this paper is hoped to provide technical support for analogue simulation of exhaust system of cigarette detection instrument, and improve detection accuracy.
Numerical Comparison of Transpiration Cooling Designs Using Real Gas Effects and Approximate Gas Model
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Jianhua , He Fei , Qian Kang , Wu Yadong , Zhu Guangsheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the severe high-temperature environment caused by aerodynamic heating, the vibrational excitation, dissociation and ionization of gas may successively occur, which are known as real gas effects. Under the real gas effects, the thermodynamic properties of gas vary drastically and significantly influence the performances of the active thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles, especially in the case with coolant outflow, for example transpiration cooling. This paper numerically investigates the transpiration cooling performance with the consideration of the interaction between coolant outflow and hypersonic flow under the real gas effects. The mathematical models and coupled numerical strategy are firstly validated by experimental data, then the influences of real gas effects on the transpiration cooling of a wedged leading edge (WLE) are studied under a flight Mach number range from 8 to 12 and a flight height of 40 km. The analysis and discussions of the numerical results reveal some important phenomena and demonstrate the need to consider real gas effects.
The effective mass problem for the Landau–Pekar equations
Authors: Feliciangeli Dario , Rademacher Simone , Seiringer Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We provide a definition of the effective mass for the classical polaron described by the Landau–Pekar (LP) equations. It is based on a novel variational principle, minimizing the energy functional over states with given (initial) velocity. The resulting formula for the polaron’s effective mass agrees with the prediction by LP (1948 J. Exp. Theor. Phys.
18 419–423).