bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Independent Risk of Obesity and Diabetes and Their Interaction in COVID‐19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tchang Beverly G. , Askin Gulce , Sahagun Ageline , Hwang Jonathan , Huang Hao , Mendelsohn Curanaj Felicia A. , Seley Jane J. , Safford Monika M. , Alonso Laura C. , Aronne Louis J. , Shukla Alpana P. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether diabetes mellitus (DM) or obesity is an independent risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes and to explore whether the risk conferred by one condition is modified by the other.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study of inpatient adults with COVID‐19 used multivariable Cox regression to determine the independent effects of DM and obesity on the composite outcome of intubation, intensive care unit admission, or in‐hospital mortality. Effect modification between DM and obesity was assessed with a statistical interaction term and an exploration of stratum‐specific effects.ResultsOut of 3,533 patients, a total of 1,134 (32%) had DM, 1,256 (36%) had obesity, and 430 (12%) had both. DM and obesity were independently associated with the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14 [95% CI: 1.01‐1.30] and HR 1.22 [95% CI: 1.05‐1.43], respectively). A statistical trend for potential interaction between DM and obesity was observed (P = 0.20). Stratified analyses showed potential increased risk with obesity compared with normal weight among patients with DM (HR 1.34 [95% CI: 1.04‐1.74]) and patients without DM (HR 1.18 [95% CI: 0.96‐1.43]).ConclusionsDM and obesity are independent risk factors associated with COVID‐19 severity. Stratified analyses suggest that obesity may confer greater risk to patients with DM compared with patients without DM, and this relationship requires further exploration.
Clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders and intracranial germ cell tumors
Authors: Liu Kevin X. , Sethi Roshan V. , Pulsifer Margaret B. , D'Gama Alissa M. , LaVally Beverly , Ebb David H. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Yock Torunn I. , MacDonald Shannon M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs) are rare tumors of the central nervous system with peak incidence around puberty. Given the developmental origins of IGCTs, we investigated the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in patients with IGCTs and characterized outcomes for patients with NDD and IGCTs.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was conducted for 111 patients diagnosed with IGCTs between 1998 and 2018 and evaluated at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test was used for survival analyses. Cox regression analyses were performed for parameters associated with progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsMedian age at IGCT diagnosis was 12.8 years (range: 4.3–21.7) and median follow‐up was 6.5 years (range: 0.2–20.5). Eighteen patients were diagnosed with NDDs prior to IGCT diagnosis, including five patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Of the 67 patients with pure germinomas, four (6.0 %) had prior ASD diagnoses. Patients with NDD had significantly inferior PFS in the nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) cohort. On univariate and multivariable analyses, craniospinal irradiation (CSI) was significantly associated with improved PFS in the NGGCT cohort.ConclusionsOur study found an ASD prevalence in the pure germinoma cohort more than threefold greater than the national prevalence, suggesting an association between ASD and pure germinomas. Furthermore, patients with NDD and NGGCT had worse PFS, possibly due to fewer patients with NDD receiving CSI. Future prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to examine associations between NDDs and IGCTs, and further characterize outcomes for patients with NDDs and IGCTs.
Safety of concomitant therapy with radium‐223 and abiraterone or enzalutamide in a real‐world population
Authors: Zhao Hanson , Howard Lauren E. , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Terris Martha K. , Amling Christopher L. , Kane Christopher J. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Aronson William J. , Klaassen Zachary , Polascik Thomas J. , Vidal Adriana C. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world utilization and outcomes of combination therapy for men with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are largely unknown. We evaluated the overall survival (OS) and skeletal‐related events (SREs) among men who received radium‐223 with or without concomitant abiraterone or enzalutamide in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health System.MethodsWe reviewed charts of all mCRPC patients who received radium‐223 in the VA from January 2013 to September 2017. We used Cox models to test the association between concomitant therapy versus radium‐223 alone on OS and SRE. Sensitivity analyses were performed for concomitant use of denosumab/bisphosphonates.ResultsThree hundred and eighteen patients treated with radium‐223 were identified; 116/318 (37%) received concomitant abiraterone/enzalutamide. Two hundred and seventy‐seven (87%) patients died during follow‐up. Patients who received concomitant therapy were younger at radium‐223 initiation (median age 68 vs. 70, p = .027) and had a longer follow‐up (median 29.5 vs. 17.9 months, p = .030). There was no OS benefit for those on concomitant therapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–1.12, p = .28). There was a trend for an increased SRE risk for patients on concomitant therapy (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 0.96–3.61, p = .066), but this was not significant. When analyses were limited to men using bone heath agents, similar results were seen for OS (HR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.64–1.15, p = .30) and SRE (HR: 2.36, 95% CI: 0.94–5.94, p = .068).ConclusionsDespite the common use of concomitant therapy in this real‐world study, there was no difference in OS among mCRPC patients. A nonsignificant increased SRE risk was observed. Further work needs to evaluate the optimal sequence, timing, and safety of combination therapies.
Maneuvering control of planar snake robot: An adaptive robust approach with artificial time delay
Authors: Mukherjee Joyjit , Roy Spandan , Kar Indra Narayan , Mukherjee Sudipto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article proposes an adaptive‐robust maneuvering control framework for a planar snake robot under the influence of parameter uncertainties. The entire control objective of maneuvering control can be viewed as the simultaneous establishments of two goals: one to maintain a time‐varying body shape of the snake robot for consistent motion (called the outer layer) and the other dealing with the velocity and head‐angle tracking of the same (called the inner layer). Unknown variations in the ground friction coefficients have been considered to be the primary source of time‐varying uncertainties which affects the control performance in both the layers. Accordingly, an artificial time delay‐based adaptive‐robust control (ARC) framework, dual adaptive‐robust time‐delayed control (ARTDC), is proposed. The term dual signifies simultaneous application of ARTDC for the outer as well as the inner layer. ARTDC comprises of two segments: an artificial time delay‐based time‐delayed estimation (TDE) part and an ARC part. While TDE approximates the completely unknown friction forces, the ARC tackles the approximation error arising from the TDE. More importantly, compared with the existing ARC methodologies, the proposed ARTDC neither presumes the overall uncertainty to be upper bounded by a constant nor requires any prior knowledge of the bound of uncertainty to implement the controller. A Lyapunov function‐based method has been adopted for analyzing the stability of the closed‐loop system. Simulation studies affirm the improved performance of the ARTDC in contrast to the classical artificial delay‐based methodology.
Janus Vitrification of Droplet via Cold Leidenfrost Phenomenon
Authors: Shi Meng , Qiu Jinbin , Feng Shangsheng , Zhang Lei , Zhao Yimin , Lu Tian Jian , Xu Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJanus particles with asymmetric crystals show great importance in optoelectronics and photocatalysis, but their synthesis usually requires complicated procedures. Here, an unexpected Janus vitrification phenomenon is observed in a droplet caused by the Leidenfrost effect at a cryogenic temperature, which is commonly regarded as symmetric. The Leidenfrost phenomenon levitates the droplet when it comes in contact with liquid nitrogen causing different cooling conditions on the droplet's top and bottom surfaces. It induces asymmetric crystallization in the droplet, forming a Janus vitrified particle with an asymmetric crystallization borderline after cooling, as further evidenced by cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) experiments. Theoretical analysis and experimental study indicate that the position of the asymmetric crystallization borderline is determined by the droplet radius and density, and the observation window of asymmetric crystallization borderline is determined by the chemical concentration. The finding reveals the asymmetric crystallization phenomenon in droplet vitrification for the first time, and provides a new insight for creating Janus particles through the Leidenfrost phenomenon.
Translational remodeling by RNA‐binding proteins and noncoding RNAs
Authors: Ho J. J. David , Man Jeffrey H. S. , Schatz Jonathan H. , Marsden Philip A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResponsible for generating the proteome that controls phenotype, translation is the ultimate convergence point for myriad upstream signals that influence gene expression. System‐wide adaptive translational reprogramming has recently emerged as a pillar of cellular adaptation. As classic regulators of mRNA stability and translation efficiency, foundational studies established the concept of collaboration and competition between RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) on individual mRNAs. Fresh conceptual innovations now highlight stress‐activated, evolutionarily conserved RBP networks and ncRNAs that increase the translation efficiency of populations of transcripts encoding proteins that participate in a common cellular process. The discovery of post‐transcriptional functions for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) was particularly intriguing given their cell‐type‐specificity and historical definition as nuclear‐functioning epigenetic regulators. The convergence of RBPs, lncRNAs, and microRNAs on functionally related mRNAs to enable adaptive protein synthesis is a newer biological paradigm that highlights their role as “translatome (protein output) remodelers” and reinvigorates the paradigm of “RNA operons.” Together, these concepts modernize our understanding of cellular stress adaptation and strategies for therapeutic development.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Translation > Translation Regulation
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: An Instructor’s Exoskeleton in the Future of Education
Authors: August Stephanie E. , Tsaima Audrey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe role of artificial intelligence in US education is expanding. As education moves toward providing customized learning paths, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms in learning systems increases. This can be viewed as growing metaphorical exoskeletons for instructors, enabling them to provide a higher level of guidance, feedback, and autonomy to learners. In turn, the instructor gains time to sense student needs and support authentic learning experiences that go beyond what AI and ML can provide. Applications of AI-based education technology support learning through automated tutoring, personalizing learning, assessing student knowledge, and automating tasks normally performed by the instructor. This technology raises questions about how it is best used, what data provides evidence of the impact of AI and ML on learning, and future directions in interactive learning systems. Exploration of the use of AI and ML for both co-curricular and independent learnings in content presentation and instruction; interactions, communications, and discussions; learner activities; assessment and evaluation; and co-curricular opportunities provide guidance for future research.
Academic Literacy Development: What Does It Entail for Multilingual Scholars?
Authors: Muresan Laura-Mihaela , Orna-Montesinos Concepción 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the introductory chapter, Muresan and Orna-Montesinos provide an overview of the multiple dimensions of academic literacy development, with a focus on its relevance for plurilingual scholars engaged in academic research writing and publishing processes. They situate the ethnographic and pedagogical studies presented in the subsequent chapters within a cognitive/socio-cultural theoretical framework, providing insights into higher education and academic literacy in glocal contexts.
Health Promotion Among Long-Term ICU Patients and Their Families
Authors: Haugdahl Hege Selnes , Alexandersen Ingeborg , Haugan Gørill 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFew patients are as helpless and totally dependent on nursing as long-term intensive care (ICU) patients. How the ICU nurse relates to the patient is crucial, both concerning the patients’ mental and physical health and well-being. Even if nurses provide evidence-based care in the form of minimum sedation, early mobilization, and attempts at spontaneous breathing during weaning, the patient may not have the strength, courage, and willpower to comply. Interestingly, several elements of human connectedness have shown a positive influence on patient outcomes. Thus, a shift from technical nursing toward an increased focus on patient understanding and greater patient and family involvement in ICU treatment and care is suggested. Accordingly, a holistic view including the lived experiences of ICU care from the perspectives of patients, family members, and ICU nurses is required in ICU care as well as research.Considerable research has been devoted to long-term ICU patients’ experiences from their ICU stays. However, less attention has been paid to salutogenic resources which are essential in supporting long-term ICU patients’ inner strength and existential will to keep on living. A theory of salutogenic ICU nursing is highly welcome. Therefore, this chapter draws on empirical data from three large qualitative studies in the development of a tentative theory of salutogenic ICU nursing care. From the perspective of former long-term ICU patients, their family members, and ICU nurses, this chapter provides insights into how salutogenic ICU nursing care can support and facilitate ICU patients’ existential will to keep on living, and thus promoting their health, survival, and well-being. In a salutogenic perspective on health, the ICU patient pathway along the ease/dis-ease continuum reveals three stages; (1) The breaking point, (2) In between, and (3) Never in my mind to give up. The tentative theory of salutogenic long-term ICU nursing care includes five main concepts: (1) the long-term ICU patient pathway (along the salutogenic health continuum), (2) the patient’s inner strength and willpower, (3) salutogenic ICU nursing care (4), family care, and (5) pull and push. The salutogenic concepts of inner strength, meaning, connectedness, hope, willpower, and coping are of vital importance and form the essence of salutogenic long-term ICU nursing care.
Dignity: An Essential Foundation for Promoting Health and Well-Being
Authors: Sæteren Berit , Nåden Dagfinn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to illuminate different understandings of the concept of dignity and to discuss how we can make use of this knowledge to enhance human health. Dignity is viewed as a universal concept in health sciences and a feature necessary to promote health and alleviate suffering related to sickness and impending death. The ideas presented in this chapter are founded in a caring science paradigm where the human being is considered as a unique entity consisting of body, soul, and spirit. Caring science as referred to in this chapter has its scientific foundation in Gadamer’s ontological hermeneutics.Dignity is described in a historical perspective, and different meanings of dignity are clarified. Since health and dignity relate to one other, we have clarified the concept of health employing the texts of the Finnish theoretician Katie Eriksson. In order to illuminate the perspective of health promotion, we have also briefly described health in a salutogenic perspective according to the medical sociologist Aron Antonovsky. In clarifying dignity, the texts of well-known researchers from the Nordic countries and UK were employed. In reflecting on how we can make use of the knowledge of dignity and indignity to promote health, we have considered this matter in light of results of a major Scandinavian study. The main purpose of this study was to explore dignity and indignity of patients in nursing homes from the perspective of patients, family caregivers, and health personnel. The testimonies presented in this section are further interpreted employing mainly caring science and philosophical literature. Lastly, a short summary of some public policy efforts with the aim to preserve human dignity is offered.
Modellgestützte Wirkungsanalysen ausgewählter Maßnahmen und Strategien
Authors: Baum Sarah , Conradt Tobias , Dechow René , Elsasser Peter , Englert Hermann , Ermisch Nils , Gömann Horst , Goetzke Roland , Gottschalk Pia , Gutsch Martin , Henseler Martin , Hoymann Jana , Köthke Margret , Kreins Peter , Lasch-Born Petra , Suckow Felicitas , Wechsung Frank 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Dialog mit Akteuren der Landnutzung wurden die Leitmotive Klimaschutz, Bioenergieerzeugung, Umwelt- und Naturschutz und Klimaanpassung herausgearbeitet und anschließend in Landnutzungsstrategien untersucht sowie die möglichen Beiträge dieser Landnutzungsstrategien zu gesellschaftlichen Zielen geprüft. Die Szenarienstudie CC-LandStraD fokussiert auf Vermeidungsstrategien des Klimawandels. Betrachtete Klimaszenarien illustrieren die Unsicherheit zukünftiger Entwicklungen. Die Wirkungen ausgewählter Maßnahmen und Landnutzungsstrategien wurden mit Hilfe eines interdisziplinären Modellverbundes im Rahmen eines komparativ-statischen Vergleichs untersucht, und zwar für die Landnutzungssektoren Siedlung und Verkehr sowie Land- und Forstwirtschaft. Anschließend wurden Maßnahmen gebündelt und zu Strategien zusammengefasst und die Wirkungen regional differenziert im Hinblick auf Änderungen der Flächennutzung, land- und forstwirtschaftlicher Produktion und Einkommen sowie Simulation von Waldbeständen sowie Stoffflüssen ausgewertet.
Personelle Indikatoren
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel behandelt FuE-Personal als Indikator der FuE-Statistik und beschreibt die Vorteile gegenüber den FuE-Aufwendungen. In Form von Steckbriefen werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften und Anwendungsgebiete der Indikatoren beschrieben.
The see-saw portal at future Higgs Factories
Authors: Barducci Daniele , Bertuzzo Enrico , Caputo Andrea , Hernandez Pilar , Mele Barbara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider an extension of the Standard Model with two right-handed singlet fermions with mass at the electroweak scale that induce neutrino masses, plus a generic new physics sector at a higher scale Λ. We focus on the effective operators of lowest dimension d = 5, which induce new production and decay modes for the singlet fermions. We assess the sensitivity of future Higgs Factories, such as FCC-ee, CLIC-380, ILC and CEPC, to the coefficients of these operators for various center of mass energies. We show that future lepton colliders can test the cut-off of the theory up to Λ ≃ 500–1000 TeV, surpassing the reach of future indirect measurements of the Higgs and Z boson widths. We also comment on the possibility of determining the underlying model flavor structure should a New Physics signal be observed, and on the impact of higher dimensional d = 6 operators on the experimental signatures.
On functions of bounded variation on convex domains in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Angiuli Luciana , Ferrari Simone , Pallara Diego 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study functions of bounded variation (and sets of finite perimeter) on a convex open set$${\varOmega }\subseteq X$$Ω⊆X,Xbeing an infinite-dimensional separable real Hilbert space. We relate the total variation of such functions, defined through an integration by parts formula, to the short-time behaviour of the semigroup associated with a perturbation of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator.
Post-exercise pulsatility index indicates treatment effects in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD)
Authors: Udelnow Andrej , Hawemann Maria , Buschmann Ivo , Meyer Frank , Halloul Zuhir 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Background
Hypothesis: Post-exercise measurements better discriminate PAOD-patients from healthy persons and they more sensitively detect hemodynamic improvements after treatment procedures than resting measurements.

Methods
A total of 19 healthy volunteers and 23 consecutive PAOD-patients underwent measurements of peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), minimal diastolic velocity (MDV), time-averaged maximum velocities (TAMAX), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) before and after a standard exercise test (at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min) before and after treatment (incl. epidemiological data, PAOD risk factors and comorbidities).

Results
In resting values, healthy persons and PAOD-patients did not differ significantly in any of the hemodynamic parameters. PSV increased after treatment in PAOD-patients by 5 cm/s (paired t‑test, p: 0.025); however, when the amplitude of autoregulatory changes related to the resting values were calculated, PAOD-patients showed clearly less hemodynamic changes after exercise than healthy persons (p: 0.04; 0.002; <0.001 for PSV, TAMAX and PI, resp.). The time course after exercise was compared by repeated measures of ANOVA. Healthy persons differed significantly in PI, RI and PSV from PAOD patients before and after treatment (p<0.001 each). The PAOD-patients revealed a significantly improved PI after treatment (p: 0.042). The only factor contributing significantly to PI independently from grouping was direct arterial vascularization as compared to discontinuous effects by an obstructed arterial tree.

Conclusion
Healthy persons cannot be well differentiated from PAOD-patients solely by hemodynamics at rest but by characteristic changes after standard exercise. Treatment effects are reflected by higher PI-values after exercise.