bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality among adolescents: a structural equation model
Authors: Kim Gangsan , Shin Jiyoon , Kim Jae-Won 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of childhood trauma, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms on suicidality among adolescents, thereby establishing a structural equation model.

Methods
The present study uses a cross-sectional descriptive design. Among 147 adolescents aged 12–17, 93 outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 54 controls were included in the study. They completed the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report (Short Form) and Columbia Suicidality Severity Rating Scale. Their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Analyses were performed using Pearson’s correlation and structural equation modelling.

Results
Childhood trauma had both direct and indirect effects, via internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms, on suicidality. Internalizing symptoms had a direct effect on suicidality. Meanwhile, externalizing symptoms were not directly associated with suicidality, but indirectly associated via internalizing symptoms.

Conclusions
Findings provide in-depth understanding of the mediating role of internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality, suggesting that the therapeutic interventions for both internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms may be important to prevent suicide in adolescents with childhood trauma.
Assessment of FDA-approved drugs against Strongyloides ratti in vitro and in vivo to identify potentially active drugs against strongyloidiasis
Authors: Keiser Jennifer , Häberli Cécile 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Infections with Strongyloides stercoralis belong to the most neglected helminth diseases, and research and development (R&D) efforts on novel drugs are inadequate.

Methods
A commercially available library containing 1600 FDA-approved drugs was tested in vitro against Strongyloides ratti larvae (L3) at 100 µM. Hits (activity > 70%) were then evaluated against S. ratti adult worms at 10 µM. Morantel, prasterone, and levamisole were tested in the S. ratti rat model using dosages of 1–100 mg/kg.

Results
Seventy-one of the 1600 compounds tested against S. ratti L3 revealed activity above 70%. Of 64 compounds which progressed into the adult screen, seven compounds achieved death of all worms (benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, Gentian violet, methylbenzethonium chloride, morantel citrate, ivermectin, coumaphos), and another eight compounds had activity > 70%. Excluding topical and toxic compounds, three drugs progressed into in vivo studies. Prasterone lacked activity in vivo, while treatment with 100 mg/kg morantel and levamisole cured all rats. The highest in vivo activity was observed with levamisole, yielding a median effective dose (ED50) of 1.1 mg/kg.

Conclusions
Using a drug repurposing approach, our study identified levamisole as a potential backup drug for strongyloidiasis. Levamisole should be evaluated in exploratory clinical trials.

Graphical Abstract
Complete genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 strains: A pilot survey in Palestine reveals spike mutation H245N
Authors: Al-Jawabreh Amer , Ereqat Suheir , Dumaidi Kamal , Al-Jawabreh Hanan , Nasereddin Abedelmajeed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
SARS-CoV-2, severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is an RNA virus that emerged from China sweeping the globe in the form of a pandemic that became an international public health concern. This pilot study aimed to describe the genetic variation and molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Palestine in fall 2020.

Results
To achieve these aims, whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2, phylogenetic analysis, haplotype networking and genetic diversity analysis were performed. These analyses revealed a unique spike mutation H245N that has never been reported before. The phylogenetic analysis depicted that three clusters existed in Palestinian SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences, in which cluster-I comprised the majority of clusters by 90%. Congruently, the haplotype network analysis depicted the same three clusters with a total of 39 haplotypes. The genetic diversity analysis showed that Cluster-I is highly diverse as confirmed by statistically significant mutation rate indices, Tajima’s D and Fu-Li’s-F tests (− 2.11 and 2.74, respectively), highest number of mutations (Eta = 120), highest number of haplotypes (h = 17), and highest average number of nucleotide differences between any two sequences (S = 118). The study confirmed the high genetic diversity among the Palestinian of SARS-CoV-2 which possessed high number of mutations including one which was reported for the first time.
Spatial and temporal genetic variation in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces as revealed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Authors: Dido Allo A. , Degefu Dawit T. , Assefa Ermias , Krishna M. S. R. , Singh B. J. K. , Tesfaye Kassahun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia is considered as center of diversity for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and it is grown across different agro-ecologies of the country. Unraveling population structure and gene flow status on temporal scales assists an evaluation of the consequences of physical, demographic and overall environmental changes on the stability and persistence of populations. This study was to examine spatial and temporal genetic variation within and among barley landrace samples collected over a period of four decades, using simple sequence repeat markers.

Results
Results from STRUCTURE, neighbor joining tree and discriminant analysis of principal component (DAPC) analysis revealed presence low-to-high genetic diversity among the landraces and grouped the landraces into three clusters. The cluster analysis revealed a close relationship between landraces along geographic proximity with genetic distance increases along with geographic distance. From analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) in terms of collection year, it was observed that within-population genetic diversity much higher than between population and that the temporal differentiation is considerably smaller. The low-to-high genetic differentiation between landraces could be attributed to gene flow across the region as a consequence of seed exchange among farmers.

Conclusion
The results demonstrate that this set of SSRs was highly informative and useful in generating a meaningful classification of barley germplasms. Furthermore, results obtained from this study also suggest that landraces are a source of valuable germplasm for sustainable agriculture in the context of future climate change and in situ conservation strategies following adaptation to local environments.
Challenges in the control of COVID-19 outbreaks caused by the delta variant during periods of low humidity: an observational study in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Ward Michael P. , Liu Yuanhua , Xiao Shuang , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Since the appearance of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing body of evidence has suggested that weather factors, particularly temperature and humidity, influence transmission. This relationship might differ for the recently emerged B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2. Here we use data from an outbreak in Sydney, Australia that commenced in winter and time-series analysis to investigate the association between reported cases and temperature and relative humidity.

Methods
Between 16 June and 10 September 2021, the peak of the outbreak, there were 31,662 locally-acquired cases reported in five local health districts of Sydney, Australia. The associations between daily 9:00 am and 3:00 pm temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and their difference, and a time series of reported daily cases were assessed using univariable and multivariable generalized additive models and a 14-day exponential moving average. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the likelihood ratio statistic were used to compare different models and determine the best fitting model. A sensitivity analysis was performed by modifying the exponential moving average.

Results
During the 87-day time-series, relative humidity ranged widely (< 30–98%) and temperatures were mild (approximately 11–17 °C). The best-fitting (AIC: 1,119.64) generalized additive model included 14-day exponential moving averages of 9:00 am temperature (P < 0.001) and 9:00 am relative humidity (P < 0.001), and the interaction between these two weather variables (P < 0.001). Humidity was negatively associated with cases no matter whether temperature was high or low. The effect of lower relative humidity on increased cases was more pronounced below relative humidity of about 70%; below this threshold, not only were the effects of humidity pronounced but also the relationship between temperature and cases of the delta variant becomes apparent.

Conclusions
We suggest that the control of COVID-19 outbreaks, specifically those due to the delta variant, is particularly challenging during periods of the year with lower relative humidity and warmer temperatures. In addition to vaccination, stronger implementation of other interventions such as mask-wearing and social distancing might need to be considered during these higher risk periods.

Graphical Abstract
APOE ε4 associates with increased risk of severe COVID-19, cerebral microhaemorrhages and post-COVID mental fatigue: a Finnish biobank, autopsy and clinical study
Authors: Kurki Samu N. , Kantonen Jonas , Kaivola Karri , Hokkanen Laura , Mäyränpää Mikko I. , Puttonen Henri ,   FinnGen, Martola Juha , Pöyhönen Minna , Kero Mia , Tuimala Jarno , Carpén Olli , Kantele Anu , Vapalahti Olli , Tiainen Marjaana , Tienari Pentti J. , Kaila Kai , Hästbacka Johanna , Myllykangas Liisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractApolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) has been shown to associate with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality in some previous genetic studies, but information on the role of APOE4 on the underlying pathology and parallel clinical manifestations is scarce. Here we studied the genetic association between APOE and COVID-19 in Finnish biobank, autopsy and prospective clinical cohort datasets. In line with previous work, our data on 2611 cases showed that APOE4 carriership associates with severe COVID-19 in intensive care patients compared with non-infected population controls after matching for age, sex and cardiovascular disease status. Histopathological examination of brain autopsy material of 21 COVID-19 cases provided evidence that perivascular microhaemorrhages are more prevalent in APOE4 carriers. Finally, our analysis of post-COVID fatigue in a prospective clinical cohort of 156 subjects revealed that APOE4 carriership independently associates with higher mental fatigue compared to non-carriers at six months after initial illness. In conclusion, the present data on Finns suggests that APOE4 is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and post-COVID mental fatigue and provides the first indication that some of this effect could be mediated via increased cerebrovascular damage. Further studies in larger cohorts and animal models are warranted.
Numerical validation of pressure and flow characteristics across a control valve in a feed line
Authors: Suri Nikhil , K. S. Venkateswaran , T. Ramesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work is intended to understand the variation of pressure and flow at the pump inlet of liquid rocket engine. The opening and closure of the valve upstream of the pump features complex phenomenon. The opening and closing of the valve cause pressure and flow variations at the pump inlet which may lead to combustion instabilities in combustion chamber of engine, hydraulic transients in feedlines, and off-design operation of turbo-pumps which are fundamental to the efficient testing and operation of engine. A numerical model to predict the pressure and flow transients across a control valve for different rate of opening in fluid feed systems has been developed using first-order finite difference technique. In case of flow in pipes, the velocity and pressure is governed by momentum and continuity equations. A computer code for the prediction of fluid transients is developed based on method of characteristics for one-dimensional fluid flow in pipelines and compared with test data for validation. The control valve is considered to be in-line with the feed line and modeled based on the valve coefficient vs. percent opening of valve. This model can subsequently be used to predict the effect of opening/closing time of the valve on pressure surges across the control valve and corresponding flow rate in the feedline for different opening of the valve.
Peculiarities of magnetic moment switching in the φ
0-junction
Authors: Belgibayev T. , Shukrinov Yu. M. , Plecenik A. , Pechousek J. , Burdik C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the dynamics of magnetization under a current pulse in a

-junction with a direct coupling between the magnetic moment and the superconducting current. The correspondence between the magnetization value at the end of the pulse

and the realization of the magnetization reversal along the easy axis of the ferromagnetic is considered. The crucial influence of the ratio w of the ferromagnetic frequency to the characteristic frequency of the Josephson junction on the results of reversal predictions is demonstrated. The effect of the w magnitude on the manifestation of periodicity bands in the

dependence on the model parameters is shown. There is a critical value of the Gilbert damping, above which the magnetization reversal is not realized. It is shown that at small w the magnitude

can be considered as a criterion of magnetization reversal. I.e., if

, the magnetization reversal would happen with 100 percent probability. The results can be used in various areas of superconducting spintronics, in particular, to create a memory element based on the Josephson

-junction.
Behavioural responses of threespine stickleback with lateral line asymmetries to experimental mechanosensory stimuli
Authors: Planidin Nicholas P. , Reimchen Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Behavioural asymmetry, typically referred to as laterality, is widespread among bilaterians and is often associated with asymmetry in brain structure. However, the influence of sensory receptor asymmetry on laterality has undergone limited investigation. Here we used threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to investigate the influence of lateral line asymmetry on laterality during lab simulations of three mechanosensation-dependent behaviours: predator evasion, prey localization and rheotaxis. We recorded the response of stickleback to impacts at the water surface and water flow in photic conditions and low-frequency oscillations in the dark, across four repeat trials. We then compared individuals' laterality with asymmetry in the number of neuromasts on either side of their body. Stickleback hovered with their right side against the arena wall 57% of the time (P&lt;0.001) in illuminated surface impact trials and 56% of the time (P=0.085) in dark low-frequency stimulation trials. Light regime modulated the effect of neuromast count on laterality, as fish with more neuromasts were more likely to hover with the wall on their right during illumination (P=0.007) but were less likely to do so in darkness (P=0.025). Population-level laterality diminished in later trials across multiple behaviours and individuals did not show a consistent side bias in any behaviours. Our results demonstrate a complex relationship between sensory structure asymmetry and laterality, suggesting that laterality is modulated by multiple sensory modalities and is temporally dynamic.
Likely community transmission of COVID-19 infections between neighboring, persistent hotspots in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Mucaki Eliseos J. , Shirley Ben C. , Rogan Peter K. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to produce community-level geo-spatial mapping of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Ontario Canada in near real-time to support decision-making. This was accomplished by area-to-area geostatistical analysis, space-time integration, and spatial interpolation of COVID-19 positive individuals. Methods: COVID-19 cases and locations were curated for geostatistical analyses from March 2020 through June 2021, corresponding to the first, second, and third waves of infections. Daily cases were aggregated according to designated forward sortation area (FSA), and postal codes (PC) in municipal regions Hamilton, Kitchener/Waterloo, London, Ottawa, Toronto, and Windsor/Essex county. Hotspots were identified with area-to-area tests including Getis-Ord Gi*, Global Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation, and Local Moran’s I asymmetric clustering and outlier analyses. Case counts were also interpolated across geographic regions by Empirical Bayesian Kriging, which localizes high concentrations of COVID-19 positive tests, independent of FSA or PC boundaries. The Geostatistical Disease Epidemiology Toolbox, which is freely-available software, automates the identification of these regions and produces digital maps for public health professionals to assist in pandemic management of contact tracing and distribution of other resources. Results: This study provided indicators in real-time of likely, community-level disease transmission through innovative geospatial analyses of COVID-19 incidence data. Municipal and provincial results were validated by comparisons with known outbreaks at long-term care and other high density residences and on farms. PC-level analyses revealed hotspots at higher geospatial resolution than public reports of FSAs, and often sooner. Results of different tests and kriging were compared to determine consistency among hotspot assignments. Concurrent or consecutive hotspots in close proximity suggested potential community transmission of COVID-19 from cluster and outlier analysis of neighboring PCs and by kriging. Results were also stratified by population based-categories (sex, age, and presence/absence of comorbidities). Conclusions: Earlier recognition of hotspots could reduce public health burdens of COVID-19 and expedite contact tracing.
Nurse staffing and patient care outcomes: protocol for an umbrella review to identify evidence gaps for low and middle-income countries
Authors: Imam Abdulazeez , Obiesie Sopuruchukwu , Aluvaala Jalemba , Maina Michuki , Gathara David , English Mike 
Published: December 2021

Background: Adequate staffing is key to the delivery of nursing care and thus to improved inpatient and health service outcomes. Several systematic reviews have addressed the relationship between nurse staffing and these outcomes. Most primary studies within each systematic review are likely to be from high-income countries which have different practice contexts to low and middle-income countries (LMICs), although this has not been formally examined. We propose conducting an umbrella review to characterise the existing evidence linking nurse staffing to key outcomes and explicitly aim to identify evidence gaps in nurse staffing research in LMICs.Methods and analysis: This protocol was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Literature searching will be conducted across Ovid Medline, Embase and EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Two independent reviewers will conduct searching and data abstraction and discordance will be handled by discussion between both parties. The risk of bias of the individual studies will be performed using the AMSTAR-2.Ethics and dissemination: Ethical permission is not required for this review as we will make use of already published data. We aim to publish the findings of our review in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42021286908
Barczewko – a cemetery of the first settlers in Southern Warmia against the background of medieval inhumation necropolises in Teutonic Prussia
Authors: Koperkiewicz Arkadiusz 
Published: December 2021

Barczewko is located near Olsztyn, in the Warmian-Masurian province (north-eastern Poland). The site on Lake Wadąg was the place of the first location of today’s Barczewo (Ger. Wartenburg). Urban settlement with the castle/watchtower was erectedon the initiative of the bishop of Warmia at the end of the 1320s. The development of the young urban colony was interrupted in 1354 when it was invaded by Lithuanian troops, burned down and abandoned. The village that was later established nearbywas called Alt Wartenberg. The hill behind the village, referred to as the Old Town, has never been built on. The place is a specific time capsule, preserving the remains of buildings and the basic elements of the town’s spatial arrangement. In the years 2013–2019, a Polish-German research project was carried out here. After a series of non-invasive tests, the cellars of dwelling buildings with artefacts abandoned on the day of the raid, fortifications, market square buildings, central place of craft and trade nature (the so-called mercatorio) and the settlers’ cemetery, as well as the remains of the victims of the raid, were uncovered by excavation. It is a unique complex which provides a lot of information about the pioneering phases of town formation in the state of the Teutonic Order, and about the everyday life of settlers coexisting most likely with the Old Prussian population. The excavations reveal details of the dramatic events related to the fall of the town, thus confirming written sources. This text presents for the first time the preliminary results of the research on the cemetery of the first settlers in southern Warmia. The necropolis provides evidence for the presence of the Old Prussian indigenous population who played a significant role in this process.
Brakowanie dokumentacji niearchiwalnej i gospodarka makulaturą w urzędzie na przykładzie przepisów Ministerstwa Leśnictwa w Warszawie z lat 1951 i 1952
Authors: Dąbrowski Adam Grzegorz 
Published: December 2021

W maju 1951 r. zatwierdzona została uchwała Prezydium Rządu w sprawie gospodarki makulaturą, której zapisy w znacznej mierze odnosiły się do urzędów administracji państwowej. Rozwinięciem uchwały rządowej były wytyczne Naczelnej Dyrekcji Archiwów Państwowych z lutego 1952 r. w sprawie trybu postępowania przy przekazywaniu akt urzędów i instytucji państwowych na makulaturę. Artykuł prezentuje wymienione wyżej normatywy, próbę ich wdrożenia oraz skutki nowego stanu prawnego dla mechanizmu brakowania dokumentacji niearchiwalnej na przykładzie Ministerstwa Leśnictwa w Warszawie.
W efekcie w składnicy akt Ministerstwa przeprowadzono podział akt na kategorie A oraz B, następnie przygotowano stosowne spisy akt przeznaczonych na brakowanie i wystąpiono do właściwych władz archiwalnych o wydanie zgody na przekazanie ich na makulaturę. Niestety, proces ten objął tylko niewielkie ilość dokumentacji niearchiwalnej z zasobu składnicy akt Ministerstwa, a do selekcji archiwaliów resortu powrócono dopiero po kilku latach (być może z powodu trudności w prawidłowej kwalifikacji poszczególnych materiałów do kategorii A bądź B, o czym świadczyły protokoły z kontroli przebiegu takiej kwalifikacji).