bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the capacity of bedrock to collect dust and produce soil affects phosphorus bioavailability in the northern Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania
Authors: Marcon Virginia , Hoagland Beth , Gu Xin , Liu Wenjing , Kaye Jason , DiBiase Roman A. , Brantley Susan L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMore above‐ground biomass (kg m−2) grows in the northern Appalachian Mountains (USA) in forests on shale than on sandstone at all landscape positions other than ridgetops. This has been tentatively attributed to physical (rather than chemical) attributes of the substrates, such as elevation, particle size, and water capacity. However, shales have generally similar phosphorus (P) concentrations to sandstones and, in the Valley and Ridge province, they erode more quickly. This led us to hypothesize that faster replenishment of the lithogenic nutrient P in shale soils through erosion + soil production could instead control the differences in biomass. To test this, soils and foliage from 10 sites on shales and sandstones in the northern Appalachians from roughly the same elevation and aspect were analysed. We discovered that, when controlling for location, concentrations of bioavailable P in soils and P in foliage were higher and P resorbed from senescing red oak leaves was lower on slower‐eroding sandstone than on faster‐eroding shale. Lower resorption generally can be attributed to lower P limitation for trees. Further investigation of weathering and erosion on one of the sandstone–shale pairs within a larger, paired watershed study revealed that the differences in P concentrations in biomass and foliage between lithologies likely developed because sandstones act as ‘collectors’ that trap nutrients from residual and exogenous sources, while shales erode quickly and thus promote production of soil from bedrock that releases P to ecosystems. We concluded that the combined effects of differential rates of dust collection and erosion results in roughly equal biomass growing on sandstone and shale ridgetops. This work emphasizes the balance between a landscape's capacity to collect dust versus produce soil in controlling bioavailability of nutrients.
Dietary inflammatory index and odds of breast cancer: A case–control study
Authors: Hammad Shatha S. , Mahmoud Reema , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R. , Marie Lina , Tayyem Reema F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BrCA) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. This study aimed to examine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and BrCA among Jordanian women. A total of 400 adult women were enrolled into this case–control study. Cases were 200 women recently diagnosed with BrCA selected from the two hospitals that provide cancer therapy in Jordan. They were matched on age, income, and marital status with 200 BrCA‐free controls. DII scores were calculated from dietary data that were collected in a face‐to‐face interview conducted between October 2016 and September 2017 using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. The study results revealed no significant associations between DII scores in relation to the odds of developing BrCA after multivariable adjustment including age, education, total energy, BMI, number of pregnancy, contraceptive use, lactation, smoking, and family history of BrCA. Stratified analyses by obesity status showed that overweight/obese participants in the highest DII tertile had a >75% increased BrCA risk (OR of 1.77 [95% CI, 1.01–3.12]) compared with participants in the lowest tertile, after adjusting for age. The results from this study showed no significant relationship between the proinflammatory potential of the diet and BrCA risk in the overall study population. However, results stratified by weight category indicated an effect of diet‐associated inflammation on BrCA risk in the overweight/obese group. Results of the study are consistent with a recommendation aimed at maintaining higher diet quality, that is, adopting healthy diets characterized by low DII scores in order to reduce the risk for BrCA.
The latent class structure of substance use in US adults 50 years and older
Authors: Schepis Ty S. , McCabe Sean Esteban 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSubstance use rates have increased in adults 50 years and older, and substance use in this population is associated with significant consequences. Given that little is known about their underlying substance use patterns, the objective was to identify latent classes of adults 50 years and older by past‐year substance use, past‐month substance use, and past‐year substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis.MethodsThe National Survey on Drug Use and Health is an annual nationwide cross‐sectional U.S. survey. Participants were 35,229 civilian, non‐institutionalized U.S. residents, 50 years and older. Past‐year and past‐month alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine use, and opioid, stimulant, and tranquilizer/sedative prescription drug misuse (PDM) were captured, as was past‐year DSM‐IV SUD from these substances. Correlates included mental health, physical health, and healthcare utilization variables.ResultsLatent class analysis indicated four past‐year or past‐month substance use subgroups (Alcohol‐Only, Alcohol‐Tobacco‐Marijuana, Cocaine‐Polydrug, PDM‐Polydrug), with SUD prevalence rising from 3.2% to 17.3%, 68.8%, and 78.5% by past‐year subgroup; similarly, rates of past‐year suicidal ideation increased from 2.1%, to 4.8%, 12.0%, and 20.4% by past‐year subgroup. For SUD, there were three subgroups (Low Nicotine Dependence [ND], High Alcohol Use Disorder, Multiple SUDs). Over 90% of adults were in a low‐risk subgroup (i.e., Alcohol‐Only and Low ND), but members of Cocaine‐Polydrug, PDM‐Polydrug, or Multiple SUDs latent classes had high rates of mental and physical health concerns.ConclusionsMost adults 50 and older have lower risk profiles, but those engaged in PDM or cocaine use are heavily substance‐involved and need screening and likely multi‐disciplinary intervention.
Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Dynamics in Benzodifuran‐Based Triads
Authors: Keller Stephan , Hankache Jihane , Yushchenko Oleksandr , Lawson Daku Latévi Max , Sun Qinchao , Ding Jie , Decurtins Silvio , Vauthey Eric , Häner Robert , Hauser Andreas , Liu Shi‐Xia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of new conjugated donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) chromophores has been developed, in which benzodifuran (BDF) and/or triphenyl amine (TPA) units are the donor moieties, linked by ethylenic bridges to electron‐deficient anthraquinone (AQ) and 11,11,12,12‐tetracyano‐9,10‐anthraquinodimethane (TCAQ) as the acceptor moieties. The resultant triads either with a symmetric A–D–A or an asymmetric D′–D–A structure show intense absorption bands in the visible spectral region due to efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the HOMO localized on the BDF core to the LUMO localized on the AQ or the TCAQ unit. Electronic interactions between these redox‐active components were studied by a combination of cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, UV‐visible and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Analysis of the femtosecond excited‐state dynamics reveal that all triads undergo a rapid charge recombination process which occurs within a few picoseconds, indicating that ethylenic linkers can facilitate electron delocalization among BDF and AQ/TCAQ units and thus impart effective electronic interactions between them.
The characteristics of Chinese anxiously withdrawn children's friendships: Quantity, quality, and protecting against loneliness
Authors: Zhao Dongmei , Barstead Matthew G. , Rubin Kenneth H. , Zhang Fengjuan , Zhou Zongkui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the friendship quantity and quality of urban Chinese anxiously withdrawn children with those of typical children, and to examine the moderating role of friendship in the relation between anxious withdrawal and feelings of loneliness. Anxiously withdrawn (n = 66) and typical children (n = 170) were identified from a complete sample (N = 572) using classroom nominations collected in grades 3–6 (Mage = 10.51, SD = 1.13). At the group level, compared with typical children, anxiously withdrawn children received fewer friendship nominations from their classmates, and particularly from male classmates. Anxiously withdrawn boys nominated fewer male classmates as friends than typical boys and anxiously withdrawn girls had fewer mutual friendships with girls than typical girls. Anxiously withdrawn children reported more conflicts within their friendships than typical children; and anxiously withdrawn girls reported lower positive friendship quality than typical girls. Using a variable‐centred approach with the complete sample, a Bayesian multilevel regression analysis revealed that positive friendship quality moderated the association between anxious withdrawal and feelings of loneliness.
Mixing warm‐season turfgrass cultivars to reduce weed pressure and increase lawn quality
Authors: Pinkney James L. , Laplante Kelly A. , Dale Adam G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSt. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] is a warm‐season turfgrass widely planted in monoculture throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Monocultures preserve desirable inheritable traits but may predispose turfgrass lawns to pest invasion and reliance on high‐maintenance inputs. Evidence from multiple plant systems suggests that increasing inter‐ or intra‐specific plant diversity increases resilience to biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we tested if mixing St. Augustinegrass cultivars would be a viable approach to reducing weed invasion and increasing turfgrass lawn quality compared with cultivar monocultures. Mixed‐cultivar plantings grew into denser stands of grass, which translated to about 4% less weed cover than cultivar monocultures. Digital image analysis showed that mixtures of four cultivars grew into higher quality turfgrass stands than cultivar monocultures. This study provides novel evidence that cultivar blends may reduce weed pressure and enhance St. Augustinegrass lawn quality, which, combined with other potential resilience benefits, may create a more sustainable approach to warm‐season turfgrass lawn production and management.
Implementation and evaluation of a centralized pharmacy telehealth center within an integrated health delivery system
Authors: Lussier Mia E. , Learn Leonard S. , Aftewicz Henry , Webster Leeann , Gazes Seth , Kern Melissa S. , Gionfriddo Michael R. , Graham Jove , Longyhore Daniel S. , Wright Eric A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionAccess to healthcare is a problem in the United States, exacerbated by inefficient system processes that warrant innovative reengineering solutions like centralized telehealth services.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe the genesis and evolution of a centralized pharmacy telehealth center (“TelePharmacy”) at Geisinger, an integrated health delivery system.MethodsDescriptive statistics on the operations and impact of the TelePharmacy program were performed from inception in August 2017 to November 2020 using electronic health record data. In addition, a survey of clinic staff prior to and after initial TelePharmacy roll‐out was conducted to assess the impact on time spent on medication‐related activities and satisfaction with the service.ResultsTelePharmacy completed over two million refills, resulting in a decreased workload for 40% of clinic staff. TelePharmacy pharmacists identified and rectified 3372 medication therapy problems over a 12‐month period. Over the first 3.5 years, TelePharmacy expanded into other clinical areas such as anticoagulation, transitions of care, and urinary tract infection management.ConclusionGeisinger was able to initiate and expand services offered by a centralized pharmacy telehealth center and positively impact care team burden. TelePharmacy is expected to continue to expand its efforts to improve the patient care experience at Geisinger.
Dependence‐robust inference using resampled statistics
Authors: Leung Michael P. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWe develop inference procedures robust to general forms of weak dependence. The procedures utilize test statistics constructed by resampling in a manner that does not depend on the unknown correlation structure of the data. We prove that the statistics are asymptotically normal under the weak requirement that the target parameter can be consistently estimated at the parametric rate. This holds for regular estimators under many well‐known forms of weak dependence and justifies the claim of dependence robustness. We consider applications to settings with unknown or complicated forms of dependence, with various forms of network dependence as leading examples. We develop tests for both moment equalities and inequalities.
Current knowledge of immunomodulation strategies for chronic skin wound repair
Authors: Heydari Parisa , Kharaziha Mahshid , Varshosaz Jaleh , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn orchestrating the wound healing process, the immune system plays a critical role. Hence, controlling the immune system to repair skin defects is an attractive approach. The highly complex immune system includes the coordinated actions of several immune cells, which can produce various inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines and affect the healing of skin wounds. This process can be optimized using biomaterials, bioactive molecules, and cell delivery. The present review discusses various immunomodulation strategies for supporting the healing of chronic wounds. In this regard, following the evolution of the immune system and its role in the wound healing mechanism, the interaction between the extracellular mechanism and immune cells for acceleration wound healing will be firstly investigated. Consequently, the immune‐based chronic wounds will be briefly examined and the mechanism of progression, and conventional methods of their treatment are evaluated. In the following, various biomaterials‐based immunomodulation strategies are introduced to stimulate and control the immune system to treat and regenerate skin defects. Other effective methods of controlling the immune system in wound healing which is the release of bioactive agents (such as antiinflammatory, antigens, and immunomodulators) and stem cell therapy at the site of injury are reviewed.
Causation and prediction in child and adolescent mental health research
Authors: Larsson Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere have been recent advances in prediction model research in psychiatry. Several validated prediction models are available to support the diagnosis and prognosis of mental health conditions. Prediction model research is translational in nature and the translation pathway includes well conducted epidemiological studies. These studies provide essential information needed to develop new prediction models. Despite the recent advances in prediction model research in psychiatry, there are still important limitations that hamper translation into health care. Comprehensive and transparent reporting as well as an increased focus on external validation, implementation research and stakeholder involvement may help close the translational gap.
Do your first works over
Authors: James Susan , Lorenz Helene 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents in four parts various understandings of the deep roots of the current climate emergency, some thoughts about alternative transitional paths forward, and the ways the discipline of psychology might be relevant. In Section two, we explore environmental and ontological critiques and analyses that developed in the academic world in the 1990s after the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus in the Americas. In Section three, we analyze the recent emergence of new materialisms and their connections to indigenous relational ontologies and practices in what has been called “the ontological turn” or “the decolonial turn.” In Section four, we trace the effects of coloniality in education. In Section five, we explore approaches to alternative world visions, new educational projects, the possible role of the discipline of psychology in transition discourses, and the urgency of the present moment.
Julian Ochorowicz's experiments with Eusapia Palladino 1894: The temporality of mass media and the crisis of local credibility
Authors: Surman Jan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractJulian Ochorowicz (1850–1917) belonged to the first generation of psychologists who regarded this discipline as a scientific, positive endeavor. At the same time, he was a representative of psychic sciences, following a strictly positivist attitude to researching psychic phenomena. This article discusses the key event of his career, experiments with the famous medium Eusapia Palladino, in Warsaw, between late 1893 and early 1894. Ochorowicz's séances with Palladino attracted wide local and international attention and improved his standing as an internationally leading psychic researcher. In Warsaw, however, these experiments were fiercely controversial and, as a result, Ochorowicz was discredited and left the city. As I argue, this dissociation of credibilities was the outcome of a changing media landscape in the late nineteenth century. While Ochorowicz's strategy of boundary‐work and asserting his credibility aimed at scholarly media, it proved fatal when facing intensive, daily coverage in the popular press.
Iberian Neanderthals in forests and savannahs
Authors: Ochando Juan , Amorós Gabriela , Carrión José S. , Fernández Santiago , Munuera Manuel , Camuera Jon , Jiménez‐Moreno Gonzalo , González‐Sampériz Penélope , Burjachs Francesc , Marín‐Arroyo Ana B. , Roksandic Mirjana , Finlayson Clive 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article aims to delve into the reality of glacial refuges of forests and tree species (including conifers, mesothermophilous angiosperms and xerothermic scrub) during the cold dry phases of the Iberian Pleistocene in which there is evidence of occupation of Middle Palaeolithic people. The research framework focuses on the eastern sector of the Iberian Peninsula due to the physiographic, palaeobotanical and archaeological peculiarities, substantiated by recent studies. We contend that some Neanderthal occupations developed in the context of high geobiological complexity, high biological diversity and highly structured forest ecosystems. We highlight the importance of glacial refuges as local anomalies that, however, would be contingent on vegetational development, and on the survival of Palaeolithic groups in areas with a broad diversity of natural resources.
Complexity in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Peninsular Southern Europe and application of refugium concepts
Authors: Carvalho Milena , Bicho Nuno 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Balkan, Italian and Iberian peninsulas of southern Europe, late Neanderthal and early Anatomically Modern Human (AMH) populations may have overlapped in some capacity. Many of the hypotheses and models for the transition interval suggest that Neanderthal populations remained in, or migrated to, refugial zones while AMHs colonized areas not suitable for, or abandoned by, Neanderthals. However, many hypotheses and models have not been conclusively tested due to general issues impeding a clear understanding of the relevant archeological record and because of a lack of specificity in defining and applying the term ‘refugium’. This paper briefly summarizes what is known about the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in southern European Peninsulas and discusses some new directions in the use of refugium concepts in the study of Neanderthal extinction and AMH dispersal. We highlight the complexity of the archeological record in each region and in the studies of refugia more generally. Finally, we make an appeal for generating local, multi‐proxy paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic records to address these complexities so that hypotheses and models integrating refugial concepts in explanations of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition can be properly formulated and tested.
Long‐Term Effects of Black‐Tailed Prairie Dogs on Livestock Grazing Distribution and Mass Gain
Authors: Augustine David J. , Derner Justin D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe conservation and management of black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) have been contentious issues in grasslands of central North America for much of the past century, primarily because of the perception that they compete with livestock for forage. Studies quantifying the magnitude of competition between prairie dogs and cattle are difficult to conduct because of the large spatial and long temporal scales needed to quantify how competition varies in response to interannual variation in precipitation and prairie dog abundance. We examined variation in mass gains of yearling steers in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado, USA, with and without prairie dogs from 2008–2019, a period that encompassed a full cycle in prairie dog abundance from a nadir following plague‐induced population collapse, to peak abundance following population recovery, to plague‐induced population lows again. Analyses of cattle grazing distribution with global positioning system (GPS)‐collars revealed preferential grazing on colonies following a period of unusually high vegetation production, and preferential grazing off colonies following a period of rapid vegetation senescence, but these patterns were not clearly related to cattle mass gains. Across all 12 years of the study, average daily mass gain (ADG) during the growing season was 0.97 kg/steer/day in pastures where prairie dogs were controlled annually, and 0.95 kg/steer/day in pastures where they were not. Average daily mass gain was a quadradic function of precipitation and a linear function of prairie dog occupancy within a pasture, with a generalized linear mixed model predicting an 8.0% decrease in ADG as prairie dog occupancy increased from 0 to 60% of a pasture with average growing‐season precipitation. We did not detect a significant interaction between precipitation and prairie dog occupancy, but one limitation of our study is that the only drought year (2012) occurred when prairie dogs occupied low percentages (10–25%) of the study pastures. Prairie dogs had a small but detectable negative effect on cattle mass gains during the growing season in shortgrass steppe. The magnitude of this effect can be used by managers in combination with market conditions and the spatial extent of prairie dog colonies to estimate economic effects of prairie dogs on livestock operations. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.