bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tray forming operation of paperboard: A case study using implicit finite element analysis
Authors: Lindberg Gustav , Kulachenko Artem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe possibility to perform advanced forming operations of initially plane paperboard paves the way to making products like food trays, plates, cups and other containers as a part of shifting towards a circular bioeconomy. As a part of the ongoing efforts of expanding the product range using paperboard, we performed analyses of the forming operation using simulations. An implicit non‐linear finite element model is built to more accurately than previous studies simulate the tray forming process of paperboard. Two different commercial paperboards are investigated. The use of an implicit solver enabled the inclusion of the creasing pattern into the geometry of the paperboard blank resolving the formation of wrinkles during forming. The material data is extracted from tensile test curves of the investigated paperboards and was fitted accurately using Hill's plasticity with difference in tension and compression accounted for with subsequent failure evaluation. The results showed that the inclusion of the creases in the geometry is vital for getting a correct shape of the formed tray and important for decreasing the risk of failure. The results also showed that friction has a big impact on the formed shape and hence on the stress levels, and therefore supports the means of lowering friction between the blank holder and the blank during the tray forming operation. A stochastic approach is proposed to determine the probability of failure for the boards. The performed failure evaluation is consistent with the field observations. The developed approach enables more precise simulations of paperboard tray forming.
Systematic review measuring the efficacy of study abroad in undergraduate language learners on linguistic proficiency gains
Authors: Moore Ian , Torgerson Carole , Beckmann Nadin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAscertaining the value of a study abroad experience on facilitating language development has long been a goal of Second Language Acquisition scholars. There is currently a plethora of studies regarding the topic, yet, despite this, the evidence remains inconclusive and contradictory. This systematic review evaluates the impact of study abroad among undergraduate language learners in both Europe and beyond on a range of linguistic outcomes compared to remaining in domestic instruction. Studies that used a randomised controlled trial design, or a quasi‐experimental design which achieved baseline equivalence, were included in an in‐depth review as they offer the best available evidence on impact. Nine electronic databases were searched using a series of keywords. Articles were screened using pre‐specified inclusion criteria. Forty studies were identified for a mapping synthesis, with seven publications being carried forward to full data extraction and quality appraisal. The synthesis of the evidence indicated that sojourning can facilitate the development of global proficiency and oral fluency, while oral and written accuracy demonstrated less change. The available evidence is discussed in relation to policy and practice, together with the limitations of this review.
Context and implications
Rationale for this study
The past two decades have led to a plethora of published material on study abroad linguistic research. However, the reliance on narrative literature reviews has led to mixed and inconclusive findings.
Why the new findings matter
The findings contribute to synthesising a broad evidence base offering insights to both practitioners and policy makers alike.
Implications for educational researchers and policy makers
This review is important for practitioners and learners alike as it indicates realistic expectations concerning linguistic proficiency pre‐departure to a year studying abroad. The evidence from the review shows that, where expectations have not been met, learners can become disillusioned with learning the second language. These findings could, for example, be used in pre‐departure workshops to facilitate the setting up of realistic expectations. From a policy perspective, the findings support the importance of study abroad in second language acquisition and the need for governments to ensure learners have this opportunity.
Bag of little bootstraps for massive and distributed longitudinal data
Authors: Zhou Xinkai , Zhou Jin J. , Zhou Hua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLinear mixed models are widely used for analyzing longitudinal datasets, and the inference for variance component parameters relies on the bootstrap method. However, health systems and technology companies routinely generate massive longitudinal datasets that make the traditional bootstrap method infeasible. To solve this problem, we extend the highly scalable bag of little bootstraps method for independent data to longitudinal data and develop a highly efficient Julia package MixedModelsBLB.jl. Simulation experiments and real data analysis demonstrate the favorable statistical performance and computational advantages of our method compared to the traditional bootstrap method. For the statistical inference of variance components, it achieves 200 times speedup on the scale of 1 million subjects (20 million total observations), and is the only currently available tool that can handle more than 10 million subjects (200 million total observations) using desktop computers.
Hyperspecialization and hyperscaling: A resource‐based theory of the digital firm
Authors: Giustiziero Gianluigi , Kretschmer Tobias , Somaya Deepak , Wu Brian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryDigital firms tend to be both narrow in their vertical scope and large in their scale. We explain this phenomenon through a theory about how attributes of firms' resource bundles impact their scale and specialization. We posit that highly scalable resource bundles entail significant opportunity costs of integration (vs. outsourcing), which simultaneously drive “hyperspecialization” and “hyperscaling” in digital firms. Using descriptive theory and a formal model, we develop several propositions that align with observed features of digital businesses. We offer a parsimonious modeling framework for resource‐based theorizing about highly scalable digital firms, shed light on the phenomenon of digital scaling, and provide insights into the far‐reaching ways that technology‐enabled resources are reshaping firms in the digital economy.Managerial SummaryWhy are leading firms in the digital economy simultaneously larger and more specialized than those in the industrial age? Our research explains this phenomenon as being driven by the scalability of digital resources—that is, their capacity to create more value at larger scales when used intensively in a focal activity. We clarify what digital scalability means, and highlight trade‐offs created by the opportunity costs of not employing scalable digital resources intensively. Digital firms should outsource complementary activities to avoid diverting resources away from their scalable core, and to enhance their ability to grow exponentially. Although resource fungibility and outsourcing costs mitigate these imperatives, digital firms may nonetheless find it profitable to remain specialized despite the challenges of managing outsourcing and sharing value with complementors.
Spray‐Drying and Atomic Layer Deposition: Complementary Tools toward Fully Orthogonal Control of Bulk Composition and Surface Identity of Multifunctional Supraparticles
Authors: Müssig Stephan , Koch Vanessa M. , Collados Cuadrado Carlos , Bachmann Julien , Thommes Matthias , Barr Maïssa K. S. , Mandel Karl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpray‐drying is a scalable process enabling one to assemble freely chosen nanoparticles into supraparticles. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows for controlled thin film deposition of a vast variety of materials including exotic ones that can hardly be synthesized by wet chemical methods. The properties of coated supraparticles are defined not only by the nanoparticle material chosen and the nanostructure adjusted during spray‐drying but also by surface functionalities modified by ALD, if ALD is capable of modifying not only the outer surfaces but also surfaces buried inside the porous supraparticle. Simultaneously, surface accessibility in the porous supraparticles must be ensured to make use of all functionalized surfaces. In this work, iron oxide supraparticles are utilized as a model substrate as their magnetic properties enable the use of advanced magnetic characterization methods. Detailed information about the structural evolution upon individual ALD cycles of aluminium oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are thereby revealed and confirmed by gas sorption analyses. This demonstrates a powerful and versatile approach to freely designing the functionality of future materials by combination of spray‐drying and ALD.
DECUSSATEnetwork with flowering genes explains the variable effects ofqDTY12.1to rice yield under drought across genetic backgrounds
Authors: Sanchez Jacobo , Kaur Pushpinder Pal , Pabuayon Isaiah C. M. , Karampudi Naga Bhushana Rao , Kitazumi Ai , Sandhu Nitika , Catolos Margaret , Kumar Arvind , de los Reyes Benildo G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe impact ofqDTY12.1in maintaining yield under drought has not been consistent across genetic backgrounds. We hypothesized that synergism or antagonism with additive‐effect peripheral genes across the background genome either enhances or undermines its full potential. By modeling the transcriptional networks across siblingqDTY12.1‐introgression lines with contrasting yield under drought (LPB = low‐yield penalty; HPB = high‐yield penalty), theqDTY12.1‐encodedDECUSSATEgene (OsDEC) was revealed as the core of a synergy with other genes in the genetic background.OsDECis expressed in flag leaves and induced by progressive drought at booting stage in LPB but not in HPB. The uniqueOsDECsignature in LPB is coordinated with 35 upstream and downstream peripheral genes involved in floral development through the cytokinin signaling pathway. Results support the differential network rewiring effects through genetic coupling–uncoupling betweenqDTY12.1and other upstream and downstream peripheral genes across the distinct genetic backgrounds of LPB and HPB. The functionalDEC‐network in LPB defines a mechanism for early flowering as a means for avoiding the drought‐induced depletion of photosynthate needed for reproductive growth. Its impact is likely through the timely establishment of stronger source‐sink dynamics that sustains a robust reproductive transition under drought.
Genome‐wide association study for lignocellulosic compounds and fermentable sugar in rice straw
Authors: Panahabadi Rahele , Ahmadikhah Asadollah , McKee Lauren S. , Ingvarsson Pär K. , Farrokhi Naser 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCellulose and lignin are the two main components of secondary plant cell walls with substantial impact on stalk in the field and on straw during industrial processing. The amount of fermentable sugar that can be accessed is another important parameter affecting various industrial applications. In the present study, genetic variability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for cellulose, lignin, and fermentable sugars contents was analyzed in rice straw. A genome‐wide association study of 33,484 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a minor allele frequency (MAF) >0.05 was performed. The genome‐wide association study identified seven, three, and three genomic regions to be significantly associated with cellulose, lignin, and fermentable sugar contents, respectively. Candidate genes in the associated genomic regions were enzymes mainly involved in cell wall metabolism. Novel SNP markers associated with cellulose were tagged to GH16, peroxidase, GT6, GT8, and CSLD2. For lignin content, Villin protein, OsWAK1/50/52/53, and GH16 were identified. For fermentable sugar content, UTP‐glucose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1, and receptor‐like protein kinase 5 were found. The results of this study should improve our understanding of the genetic basis of the factors that might be involved in biosynthesis, turnover, and modification of major cell wall components and saccharides in rice straw.
Definition of large niche after Cesarean section based on prediction of postmenstrual spotting: Chinese cohort study in non‐pregnant women
Authors: Wang J. , Pang Q. , Wei W. , Cheng L. , Huang F. , Cao Y. , Hu M. , Yan S. , He Y. , Wei Z. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveA large niche after Cesarean section (CS) is associated with long‐term complications, of which postmenstrual spotting is associated positively with the size of the niche. However, the diagnosis of a large niche in the literature is inconsistent and the definition is largely subjective. The aim of this study was to generate a definition for a large niche in non‐pregnant women based on the presence of postmenstrual spotting.MethodsWomen who had undergone CS in our hospital between January 2012 and June 2017 were selected randomly from our database, contacted by telephone and subsequently examined between January 2016 and June 2020. Eligible for inclusion were non‐pregnant women who had their last CS more than 1 year earlier and agreed to undergo transvaginal sonography (TVS). All participants underwent examination of their CS scar by TVS (two‐dimensional color Doppler) during the midfollicular phase. Niche depth, length, width, residual myometrial thickness (RMT), adjacent myometrial thickness (AMT) and ratio of niche depth/AMT were recorded. Women diagnosed with a niche, defined as an indentation at the site of the CS with a depth of at least 2 mm, were classified into two groups (symptomatic or asymptomatic) according to whether they experienced postmenstrual spotting. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish the best cut‐off values for the niche parameters to predict postmenstrual spotting. A new definition was generated based on the niche parameters with the highest area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) for the prediction of postmenstrual spotting.ResultsA total of 727 women who had a CS > 1 year earlier underwent TVS examination, of whom 263 were diagnosed with a niche (prevalence of 36.2%). Of these, 160 women experienced postmenstrual spotting and 103 were asymptomatic. The three variables with the highest AUC for prediction of postmenstrual spotting were niche depth/AMT ratio (AUC, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.745–0.852), niche depth (AUC, 0.731; 95% CI, 0.668–0.795) and RMT (AUC, 0.683; 95% CI, 0.618–0.748). Based on the best cut‐offs according to ROC‐curve analysis, a large niche was defined as: niche depth ≥ 0.50 cm, RMT ≤ 0.21 cm or niche depth/AMT ratio ≥ 0.56. The prevalence of a large niche according to this definition was 22.4% (163/727). The new definition had a specificity of 61.17% (95% CI, 52.34–70.41%) and sensitivity of 76.87% (95% CI, 70.28–84.16%) for a large niche.ConclusionThis study has provided a new definition for a large niche after CS. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Towards high-precision parton distributions from lattice QCD via distillation
Authors: Egerer Colin , Edwards Robert G. , Kallidonis Christos , Orginos Kostas , Radyushkin Anatoly V. , Richards David G. , Romero Eloy , Zafeiropoulos Savvas ,   on behalf of the HadStruc collaboration
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We apply the Distillation spatial smearing program to the extraction of the unpolarized isovector valence PDF of the nucleon. The improved volume sampling and control of excited-states afforded by distillation leads to a dramatically improved determination of the requisite Ioffe-time Pseudo-distribution (pITD). The impact of higher-twist effects is subsequently explored by extending the Wilson line length present in our non-local operators to one half the spatial extent of the lattice ensemble considered. The valence PDF is extracted by analyzing both the matched Ioffe-time Distribution (ITD), as well as a direct matching of the pITD to the PDF. Through development of a novel prescription to obtain the PDF from the pITD, we establish a concerning deviation of the pITD from the expected DGLAP evolution of the pseudo-PDF. The presence of DGLAP evolution is observed once more following introduction of a discretization term into the PDF extractions. Observance and correction of this discrepancy further highlights the utility of distillation in such structure studies.
Relative leucocyte telomere length is associated with incident end-stage kidney disease and rapid decline of kidney function in type 2 diabetes: analysis from the Hong Kong Diabetes Register
Authors: Cheng Feifei , Luk Andrea O. , Wu Hongjiang , Tam Claudia H. T. , Lim Cadmon K. P. , Fan Baoqi , Jiang Guozhi , Carroll Luke , Yang Aimin , Lau Eric S. H. , Ng Alex C. W. , Lee Heung Man , Chow Elaine , Kong Alice P. S. , Keech Anthony C. , Joglekar Mugdha V. , So Wing Yee , Hardikar Anandwardhan A. , Chan Juliana C. N. , Jenkins Alicia J. , Ma Ronald C. W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Few large-scale prospective studies have investigated associations between relative leucocyte telomere length (rLTL) and kidney dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We examined relationships between rLTL and incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and the slope of eGFR decline in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We studied 4085 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes observed between 1995 and 2007 in the Hong Kong Diabetes Register with stored baseline DNA and available follow-up data. rLTL was measured using quantitative PCR. ESKD was diagnosed based on the ICD-9 code and eGFR.

Results
In this cohort (mean ± SD age 54.3 ± 12.6 years) followed up for 14.1 ± 5.3 years, 564 individuals developed incident ESKD and had shorter rLTL at baseline (4.2 ± 1.2 vs 4.7 ± 1.2, p < 0.001) than the non-progressors (n = 3521). On Cox regression analysis, each ∆∆Ct decrease in rLTL was associated with an increased risk of incident ESKD (HR 1.21 [95% CI 1.13, 1.30], p < 0.001); the association remained significant after adjusting for baseline age, sex, HbA1c, lipids, renal function and other risk factors (HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.03, 1.19], p = 0.007). Shorter rLTL at baseline was associated with rapid decline in eGFR (>4% per year) during follow-up (unadjusted OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.15, 1.30], p < 0.001; adjusted OR 1.09 [95% CI 1.01, 1.17], p = 0.024).

Conclusions/interpretation
rLTL is independently associated with incident ESKD and rapid eGFR loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Telomere length may be a useful biomarker for the progression of kidney function and ESKD in type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
The Power of the Weighted Sum Scalarization for Approximating Multiobjective Optimization Problems
Authors: Bazgan Cristina , Ruzika Stefan , Thielen Clemens , Vanderpooten Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe determine the power of the weighted sum scalarization with respect to the computation of approximations for general multiobjective minimization and maximization problems. Additionally, we introduce a new multi-factor notion of approximation that is specifically tailored to the multiobjective case and its inherent trade-offs between different objectives. For minimization problems, we provide an efficient algorithm that computes an approximation of a multiobjective problem by using an exact or approximate algorithm for its weighted sum scalarization. In case that an exact algorithm for the weighted sum scalarization is used, this algorithm comes arbitrarily close to the best approximation quality that is obtainable by supported solutions – both with respect to the common notion of approximation and with respect to the new multi-factor notion. Moreover, the algorithm yields the currently best approximation results for several well-known multiobjective minimization problems. For maximization problems, however, we show that a polynomial approximation guarantee can, in general, not be obtained in more than one of the objective functions simultaneously by supported solutions.
Epidemiologie und Therapie der behandlungsbedürftigen Frühgeborenenretinopathie. Die Hannoveraner Daten im Retina.net ROP-Register von 2001 bis 2017
Authors: Akman Stella H. , Pfeil Johanna M. , Stahl Andreas , Ehlers Stephanie , Böhne Carolin , Bohnhorst Bettina , Framme Carsten , Brockmann Dorothee , Bajor Anna , Jacobsen Christina , Hufendiek Karsten , Pielen Amelie ,   Retina.net ROP Register-Studiengruppe, Akman Stella H. , Bajor Anna , Behrens Julia , Brockmann Dorothee , Framme Carsten , Hufendiek Karsten , Jacobsen Christina , Luger Benjamin , Mies Sophia , Pielen Amelie , Wojtera Nora , Bohnhorst Bettina , Böhne Carolin , Ehlers Stephanie , Zirkler Carina 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Retina.net ROP-Register erhebt Daten von Kindern, die eine seltene behandlungsbedürftige Frühgeborenenretinopathie (Retinopathy of Prematurity, ROP) entwickeln. Ziel dieser Auswertung ist die Untersuchung der Daten zur behandlungsbedürftigen ROP, Epidemiologie, Therapie und deren Änderungen über einen Zeitraum von 15 Jahren an der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover.

Methoden
Analyse der Daten der therapiebedürftigen Fälle der ROP eines Zentrums für die Geburtsjahre 2001 bis 2016 (Therapie in 2002 bis 2017) als Gesamtzeitraum und in 5 Abschnitten.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 65 Kinder behandelt (23 weiblich), davon wurden 11 (16,9 %) extern auf ROP gescreent und zur ROP-Behandlung zugewiesen. Für den Zeitraum 2006 bis 2016 lag die Inzidenz der behandlungsbedürftigen ROP unter den gescreenten Kindern bei 4,1 %. Das mittlere Gestationsalter betrug 25,7 Schwangerschaftswochen (SSW) (Standardabweichung [SA] = 1,8), das Geburtsgewicht 763 g (SA = 235), das postmenstruelle Alter bei Behandlung 38,2 Wochen (SA = 3,2), das postnatale Alter 12,4 Wochen (SA = 3,2). Über die Zeit zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied der demografischen Parameter. Am häufigsten (57 Augen bei 31 Kindern) wurde eine Zone II, 3+-Erkrankung behandelt; 58 Kinder erhielten eine Laserkoagulation (N = 114 Augen), 7 Kinder bilateral eine Anti-VEGF-Therapie (Bevacizumab) (N = 14 Augen), welche ab 2014 eingesetzt wurde. Eine Wiederbehandlung bei Wiederaufflammen der behandlungsbedürftigen ROP war in einem Fall nach initialer Laserbehandlung notwendig. Kinder mit behandlungsbedürftiger ROP zeigten häufig neonatologische Komorbiditäten, in mehr als 90 % Beatmung, bronchopulmonale Dysplasie und erhielten Transfusionen.

Schlussfolgerung
Dies ist die erste monozentrische Auswertung über 15 Jahre im Rahmen des Retina.net ROP-Registers. Ab 2014 sehen wir einen Wechsel von der Laserkoagulation zur Anti-VEGF-Therapie (Bevacizumab), während im betrachteten Kollektiv die demografischen Daten und Behandlungsparameter weitgehend konstant waren.