bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibration Based Tool Condition Monitoring in Milling of Ti-6Al-4V using an Optimization Model of GM(1,N) and SVM
Authors: Rao K Venkata , Kumar Y Prasanna , Sing Vijay K , Raju L Suvarna , Jinka Ranganayakulu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Titanium alloys are the difficult to cut metals due to their low thermal conductivity and chemical affinity with tool material. Since the tool vibration is a replica of tool wear and surface roughness, the present study has proposed a methodology for estimating tool wear and surface roughness based on tool vibration for milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using cemented carbide mill cutter. Experiments are conducted at optimum levels of cutting speed, feed per tooth and depth of cut and experimental results for the tool vibration, tool wear and surface roughness are collected until the flank wear reached 0.3 mm (ISO3685:1993). In the next stage, an optimization model of grey prediction GM(1,N) system and support vector machine (SVM) are used and estimated tool wear and surface roughness related to tool vibration. The predicted values of tool wear and surface roughness are compared with the experimental results. The optimization model of GM(1,N) predicted the tool wear and surface roughness with an average error of 3.03% and as 0.7% respectively while the SVM predicted with an average error of 7.67% and 4.45% respectively.
Mechanochemical preparation of chrysomycin A self-micelle solid dispersion with improved solubility and enhanced oral bioavailability
Authors: Xu Zhuomin , Zheng Shanshan , Hong Yulu , Cai Yue , Zhang Qiuqin , Xiang Jiani , Xie Dehui , Song Fuxing , Zhang Huawei , Wang Hong , Sun Xuanrong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Chrysomycin A (CA) has been reported as numerous excellent biological activities, such as antineoplastic and antibacterial. Though, poor solubility of CA limited its application in medical field. Due to good amphiphilicity and potential anticancer effect of disodium glycyrrhizin (Na2GA) as an excipient, an amorphous solid dispersion (Na2GA/CA-BM) consisting of CA and Na2GA was prepared in the present study by mechanochemical technology (roll mill ML-007, zirconium balls, 30 rpm, 2.5 h) to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of CA. Then, Na2GA/CA-BM was self-assembled to micelles in water. The interaction of CA and Na2GA in solid state were investigated by X-ray diffraction studies, polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, the properties of the sample solution were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron. Furthermore, the oral bioavailability and antitumor ability of Na2GA/CA-BM in vivo were tested, providing a theoretical basis for future application of CA on cancer therapy.Results: CA encapsulated by Na2GA was self-assembled to nano-micelles in water. The average diameter of nano-micelle was 131.6 nm, and zeta potential was -11.7 mV. Three physicochemical detections showed that CA was transformed from crystal into amorphous form after treated with ball milling and the solubility increased by 50 times. Na2GA/CA-BM showed a significant increase of the bioavailability about 2 time that of free CA. Compared with free CA, the in-vivo antitumor studies also exhibited that Na2GA/CA-BM had an excellent inhibition of tumor growth.Conclusions: Na2GA/CA-BM nanoparticles (131.6 nm, -11.7 mV) prepared by simple and low-cost mechanochemical technology can improve oral bioavailability and antitumor efficacy of CA in vivo, suggesting a potential formulation for efficient anticancer treatment.
Distributed context-dependent choice information in mouse dorsal-parietal cortex
Authors: Orlandi Javier , Adbolrahmani Mohammad , Aoki Ryo , Lyamzin Dmitry , Benucci Andrea 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Choice information appears in the brain as distributed signals with top-down and bottom-up components that together support decision-making computations. In sensory and associative cortical regions, the presence of choice signals, their strength, and area specificity are known to be elusive and changeable, limiting a cohesive understanding of their computational significance.
In this study, examining the mesoscale activity in mouse posterior cortex during a complex visual discrimination task, we found that broadly distributed choice signals defined a decision variable in a low-dimensional embedding space of multi-area activations, particularly along the ventral visual stream. The subspace they defined was near-orthogonal to concurrently represented sensory and motor-related activations, and it was modulated by task difficulty and contextually by the animals’ attention state.
To mechanistically relate choice representations to decision-making computations, we trained recurrent neural networks with the animals’ choices and found an equivalent decision variable whose context-dependent dynamics agreed with that of the neural data.
In conclusion, our results demonstrated an independent decision variable broadly represented in the posterior cortex, controlled by task features and cognitive demands. Its dynamics reflected decision computations, possibly linked to context-dependent feedback signals used for probabilistic-inference computations in variable animal-environment interactions.
Association mapping of seed vigor in spring soybean (Glycine max&nbsp;(L.) Merr.) in northeast China
Authors: Wang Caijin , Zhao Huiyan , Wang Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High-vigor soybean seeds can result in the rapid and uniform emergence of seeds under a wide range of field conditions. We aimed to explore the quantitative trait loci of seed vigor traits and superior allelic and carrier materials from the soybean in northeast China. A total of 257 improved lines and 104 soybean landraces were used to evaluate seed vigor, using normal seedling fresh weight, normal seedling length, main root length, hypocotyl length, and germination percentage, in 2018 and 2019. In this study, the different degrees of LD was detected not only among syntenic markers but also among nonsyntenic ones, suggesting that there had been historical recombination among linkage groups. A total of 19 and 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with seed vigor were detected in improved lines and soybean landraces in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Our results also showed five SSR markers co-associated with two or three vigor traits. In addition, 41 superior alleles and their carrier materials were mined. Based on the elite alleles detected, the best cross combinations for improving seed vigor traits were proposed. The results demonstrate that association mapping is a valuable foundation for molecular breeding for soybean seed vigor.
Forecasting the Length-of-Stay of Pediatric Patients in Hospitals: A Scoping Review
Authors: Medeiros Natalia B. , Fogliatto Flavio S. , Rocha Miriam K. , Tortorella Guilherme L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Healthcare management faces complex challenges in allocating hospital resources and predicting patients' length-of-stay (LOS) is critical in effectively managing those resources. This work aims to identify approaches used to forecast the LOS of Pediatric Patients in Hospitals (LOS–P), and patients' populations and environments used to develop the models. Methods: Based on a scoping review, 28 studies were identified and analyzed. Methods reported in the literature were classified according to the stage in which they are used in the modeling process: (i) pre-processing of data, (ii) variable selection, and (iii) cross-validation. Results: Forecasting models are most often applied to newborn patients and, consequently, in neonatal intensive care units. Regression analysis is the most widely used modeling approach; techniques associated with Machine Learning are still incipient and mostly used in emergency departments to model patients in specific situations.Conclusions: The studies' main benefits include informing family members about the patient's expected discharge date and enabling hospital resources' allocation and planning. Main research gaps are associated with the lack of generalization of forecasting models and limited reported applicability in hospital management. This study also provides a practical guide to methods applied for LOS–P forecasting and a future research agenda.
Job satisfaction of female radiological technologists: Factor analysis using Quantification Theory Type II
Authors: Tani Yuji , Kishiume Akane , Suzuki Teppei , Karino Manami , Ishikawa Tomoki , Ogasawara Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently, there has been an increased demand for female radiological technologists (hereinafter referred to as female technologists) due to the spread of mammography, but there have been no previous studies on the job satisfaction of female technologists. In this study, we attempted to extract factors that affect the job satisfaction of female technologists to identify factors in the working environment that make it easy for female technologists to work. Methods: In this study, the results of a questionnaire survey of 287 female technologists in Hokkaido, conducted by the Hokkaido Radiological Technologist Organization “Furattokai”, were analyzed using Quantification Theory Type II. The factors considered were years of experience, number of duty shifts, number of technologists, male-female gender gap, number of job changes, sexual harassment, overtime, and paid holiday usage rate. Results: The results revealed that in addition to work environments where female technologists can work for a long time, the work content and relationships with male technologists, including sexual harassment, affected the job satisfaction of female technologists.Conclusions:This study extracted factors that affected the job satisfaction of female technologists as basic data for creating a working environment that makes it easier for female technologists to continue working for a long period of time, as the demand for female technologists is expected to increase in the future. The factors that strongly correlated with job satisfaction were not specific to women, as they are also common to men, including “years of experience” and “number of shifts on duty”.
Rhazya Stricta Assisted Green Synthesis of Multifunctional Carbon Coated Copper Oxide Nanosheets for Photocatalysis of Dyes and Antibacterial Candidate Against Solanaceous Pathogens
Authors: Bibi Hamida , Iqbal Mudassar , Wahab Hassan , Öztürk Mehmet , Ke Fei , Iqbal Zafar , Khan Muhammad Ishfaq , Alghanem Suliman Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The studies of metal oxides in environmental remediation of chemical and biological pollutants are gaining huge importance. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of multi-functional copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NS) using an aqueous extract of Rhazya stricta. The phytochemical investigation of R. stricta indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, and reducing sugars responsible for the reduction and stabilization of CuO NS. The formation of CuO NS was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectrophotometer with specific Surface Plasmon Resonance at 294 nm. Further characterization of the CuO NS was done by FE-SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The obtained CuO NS were poly-dispersed with an average size of 20 nm. Interestingly these particles were aligned together in the form of 3D cubical sheets layered above each other via self-assembly. The as-synthesized CuO NS shows enhanced antibacterial potential (17.63 mm, mean inhibition zone) as compared to the known antibiotics (11.51 mm, mean inhibition zone) against the wilt causing bacteria of Solanaceous crop, including Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis. Furthermore, the appreciable photocatalytic potential of CuO NS has been observed, causing 83% degradation of methylene blue (MB) upon solar irradiation. The synthesis methodology is devoid of any toxic waste and/or by-products and could be used to produce eco-friendly CuO nanomaterial for industrial uses.
Bacterial community and composition of soil in world’s longevity township Jiaoling, China by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Wu Lei , Xie Xinqiang , Ma Jun , Zhang Jumei , Ding Yu , Wu Qingping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Healthy longevity is a complicated process, however, the underlying mechanisms between longevity and microbiota warrant investigation. To address this, we characterized a longevity trajectory of environmental microbiota in a longevity township. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyse the composition and function of soil microbiota. The composition and diversity of soil microbiota significantly differed between towns. The dominant bacteria at the phylum level included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria. At the genus level, Chujaibacter, Acidipila, and Lactobacillus were dominant. However, Steroidobacter, Comamonas, and Pseudoxanthomonas were only dominant in Xinpu with high centenarian population. Twelve biomarkers were responsible for significant differences between towns, including Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Chitinophagales, etc. The main species contributing to the differences of towns were Chujaibacter, Acidipila, Lactobacillus, Rhodanobacter, Lysobacter, Bryobacter, Granulicella, Flavobacterium, and Mizugakiibacter. The function of exosome, cysteine and methionine metabolism, amino acid-related enzymes, peptidases, starch and sucrose metabolism, etc., were predicted. Thus, we have revealed significant differences in the composition and diversity of soil microbiota in the world’s longevity township, the relationship between soil microbiota and long-lived people. These findings provide a research foundation for the role of soil microbiota in healthy longevity.
Predicting Progression &amp; Cognitive Decline in Amyloid-Positive Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Dansson Hákon Valur , Stempfle Lena , Egilsdóttir Hildur , Schliep Alexander , Portelius Erik , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Johansson Fredrik D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyloid- β (Aβ) peptides aggregate in the brain forming amyloid plaques, which are a key pathological hallmark of the disease. However, plaques may also be present in cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals. Therefore, it is of great value to explain the variance in disease progression among patients with Aβ pathology. MethodsA cohort of n= 2293 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database was selected to study heterogeneity in disease progression for individuals with Aβ plaque pathology. The analysis used baseline clinical variables including demographics, genetic markers and neuropsychological data to predict how the cognitive ability and AD diagnosis of subjects progressed using statistical models and machine learning. Due to the limited prevalence of Aβ pathology, models fit only to Aβ-positive subjects were compared to models fit to an extended cohort including subjects without established Aβ pathology, adjusting for covariate differences between the cohorts. ResultsAβ pathology status was determined based the Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 ratio. The best predictive model of change in cognitive test scores for Aβ-positive subjects at the two-year follow-up achieved an R 2 score of 0.388 while the best model predicting adverse changes in diagnosis achieved a weighted F1 score of 0.791. Conforming to expectations, Aβ-positive subjects declined faster on average than those without Aβ pathology, but the specific level of Aβ plaques was not predictive of progression rate. For the four-year prediction task of cognitive score change, the best model achieved an R 2 score of 0.325 and it was found that fitting models to the extended cohort substantially improved performance. Moreover, using all clinical variables outperformed the best model based only on baseline cognitive test scores which achieved an R 2 score of 0.228. ConclusionOur analysis shows that levels of Aβ plaques are not strong predictors of the rate of cognitive decline in Aβ-positive subjects. Baseline assessments of cognitive function accounts for the majority of variance explained in the prediction of two-year decline but is insufficient for achieving optimal results in longer-term predictions. Predicting changes both in cognitive test scores and in diagnosis provides multiple perspectives of the progression of potential AD subjects.
Comprehensive analysis of Downstream of Kinase (DOK) Genes in Pan-cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Xu Lifeng , Li Yaxian , Xu Xin , Li Yongxiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background：Human cells are often mutated in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes under the action of tumorigenic factors. When gene mutations accumulate gradually, cells will lose the normal regulation of growth and lead to abnormal proliferation, and then tumors occur. Therefore, understanding the role of these mutated genes in tumors may be the direction of future cancer therapy. Downstream of Kinase (DOK) proteins are a family of polygenic adapters, some of which are key negative regulators of immune cell signal transduction. Its expression level varies significantly in different types of tumors, which is closely related to tumor formation, tumor microenvironment, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutation load.Methods：We mainly use "R" software to process and analyze the data, use "Limma" package and "Wilcox" test to analyze the difference of gene expression, and use Cox proportional Hazards Regression, Kruskal Test, One-class Logistic Regression (OCLR) algorithm and "Corrplot" package and other analysis methods to further process the subsequent data. To get the result that we want to analyze.Results：We found that the expression of DOK family genes varies across multiple tumors and is associated with patient survival. Further analysis showed that DOK gene was significantly associated with tumor immunity, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation load, etc. DOK2 was highly sensitive to a variety of drugs.Conclusion：DOK gene family includes seven genes, DOK1-DOK7, which are significantly differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, and are significantly correlated with tumor immunity, tumor mutation load, tumor microenvironment, stemness indices, etc., which may provide potential therapeutic targets for future clinical treatment.
Extracellular IL-37 Enhances Osteogenic and Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells via Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Li Na , Chen Yan , Yan Ming , Wang Yanqiu , Wu Jintao , Fu Lin , Yu Jinhua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) contributes to the restoration and regeneration of dental tissues. Previous study indicated that IL-37 has often been identified as an anti-inflammatory factor that affects other pro-inflammatory signals. It is known to be a factor capable of inducing in vitro osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). The aims of this study were to explore the effects of IL-37 on the differentiation of DPSCs.MethodsDPSCs were cultured in growth medium with different concentration of IL-37, ALP activity was done to detect the optimal concentration for the following experiments. CCK-8 were conducted to assess the effect of IL-37 on proliferation of DPSCs. To assess differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity, ALP staining, alizarin red S staining and real‐time RT‐PCR of DSPP, Runx2, ALP, and OSX were measured. Western blot was conducted to examine the levels of autophagy related markers (Beclin1, P62, LC3). ResultsCells cultured with 1 ng/mL IL-37 owned the highest ALP activity. IL-37 enhanced the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs following upregulated the expression of Beclin1, downregulated the expression of P62, and reduced the ratio of LC3II/I, whereas depletion of autophagy suppressed DPSCs osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation. ConclusionIL-37 increased osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation via autophagy.
Effect of Ultrasonication on the Size Distribution and Stability of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Suspension: an Asymmetrical Flow Field-flow Fractionation Study
Authors: Metzger Christoph , Drexel Roland , Meier Florian , Briesen Heiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based building blocks for sustainable advanced materials with prospective applications in polymer composites, emulsions, electronics, sensors, and biomedical devices. However, their high surface area-to-volume ratio promotes agglomeration, which restrains their performance in size-driven applications, thereby hindering commercial CNC utilization. In this regard, ultrasonication is commonly applied to disperse CNCs in colloidal suspensions; however, ultrasonication methodology is not yet standardized and knowledge of the effects of ultrasound treatments on CNC size distribution is scarce. This limits the ability to tailor CNC performance in advanced materials. Herein, colloidal suspensions of sulfated CNCs were treated with different ultrasound energy densities up to 40 kJ g−1 CNC and then size-fractionated with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). On-line multi-angle light scattering and ultraviolet spectroscopy along with off-line dynamic light scattering were used to determine the effect of ultrasonication on particle size distribution. High energy densities facilitated cumulative dispersion of CNC clusters and mean particle length decreased logarithmically with increasing energy density. The suspension’s electrical conductivity concurrently increased, which has been attributed to faster diffusion of smaller particles and exposure of previously obscured surface charges. Colloidal stability, investigated through electrical AF4 (EAF4) and electrophoretic light scattering, was not affected by ultrasonication. Occurrence of minor CNC agglomeration at low ultrasound energy densities over the course of six months suggest the effect was not unmitigatedly permanent.
Whole Transcriptome Analysis: Implication to Estrous Cycle Regulation
Authors: An Xiaopeng , Zhang Yue , Li Fu , Wang Zhanhang , Yang Shaohua , Cao Binyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BackgroundEstrous cycle is one of female characteristics after sexual maturity, including estrus (ES) and diestrus (DS) stages. Estrous cycle is important in female physiology and its disorder may lead to diseases. In the latest years, effects of non-coding RNAs and mRNA on estrous cycle start to arouse much concern, however, a whole transcriptome analysis among non-coding RNAs and mRNA has not been reported.ResultsHere we report a whole transcriptome analysis of goat ovary in estrus and diestrus periods. Estrus synchronization was conducted to induce the estrus phase and on day 32, the goats naturally shifted into diestrus stage. The ovary RNA of estrus and diestrus stages was respectively collected to perform RNA-sequencing. Then the circular RNA; microRNA; long non-coding RNA; mRNA databases of goat ovary were acquired, and the differentially expressions between estrus and diestrus stages were screened to construct circRNA-miRNA-mRNA/lncRNA and lncRNA-miRNA/mRNA networks, thus providing potential pathways that involved in the regulation of estrous cycle. Differentially expressed mRNAs, such as MMP9, TIMP1, 3BHSD and PTGIS, and differentially expressed microRNAs, such as miR-21-3p，miR-202-3p and miR-223-3p, which play key roles in estrous cycle regulation were extracted from the network.ConclusionsOur data provided the miRNA, circRNA, lncRNA and mRNA databases of goat ovary and each differentially expressed profile between ES and DS. Networks among differentially expressed miRNAs, circRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs were constructed to provide valuable resources for the study of estrous cycle and related diseases.