bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early marriage and health among women at midlife: Evidence from India
Authors: Vikram Kriti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article links stress and cumulative disadvantage associated with early marriages with lower self‐rated health, greater functional limitations, and chronic diseases among middle‐aged women in India.BackgroundEarly marriage has been a defining feature of the marital landscape in India, but the literature is myopic in its assessment of the implications of early marriage by focusing primarily on the reproductive and sexual health outcomes of young women.MethodsThe study used the 2005 and the 2012 waves of the nationally representative India Human Development Survey (IHDS). It utilized a sample of 36,283 currently married women from the second wave and 16,474 women from the panel data. Propensity score matching was used to account for selection into early marriages.ResultsEarly marriage was found to be associated with worse self‐rated health, a higher likelihood of having functional limitations and chronic diseases among middle‐aged Indian women. Moreover, it led to the deterioration of health over the two IHDS waves, as indicated by the development of chronic diseases, functional limitations, and the worsening of self‐rated health in midlife.ConclusionEarly marriage predisposes women to chronic stress resulting in poorer health outcomes in midlife. Therefore, early marriage may set women on a path of lifelong health disadvantage.ImplicationsThe findings underscore the importance of examining the link between early marriage and women's health outcomes in later life in other contexts.
Work beyond the age of 50. What role for mental versus physical health?
Authors: Vandenberghe Vincent 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on old employment barriers by exploring empirically the relative importance of mental versus physical health in determining work. It combines regression and variance decomposition analyses to quantify the respective role of mental and physical health. The data used are from SHARE and inform in great detail on the health but also work status (employment and hours) of individuals aged 50+, interviewed between 2004 and 2017 in 21 European countries. The main result of the paper is that of the rather limited role of mental health – in comparison with physical health – in accounting for older individuals’ work. The paper also shows that health (physical or mental) is much better at predicting old people's propensity to be in employment than the number of hours they work. Finally, the paper reveals that, in comparison with women, men's work appears to be more driven by their health status.
Balance between bacterial extracellular matrix production and intramacrophage proliferation by a Salmonella‐specific SPI‐2‐encoded transcription factor
Authors: Echarren María Laura , Figueroa Nicolás R. , Vitor‐Horen Luisina , Pucciarelli M. Graciela , García‐del Portillo Francisco , Soncini Fernando C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiosynthesis and secretion of a complex extracellular matrix (EM) is a hallmark of Salmonella biofilm formation, impacting on its relationship with both the environment and the host. Cellulose is a major component of Salmonella EM. It is considered an anti‐virulence factor because it interferes with Salmonella proliferation inside macrophages and virulence in mice. Its synthesis is stimulated by CsgD, the master regulator of biofilm formation in enterobacteria, which in turn is under the control of MlrA, a MerR‐like transcription factor. In this work, we identified a SPI‐2‐encoded Salmonella‐specific transcription factor homolog to MlrA, MlrB, that represses transcription of its downstream gene, orf319, and of csgD inside host cells. MlrB is induced in laboratory media mimicking intracellular conditions and inside macrophages, and it is required for intramacrophage proliferation. An increased csgD expression is observed in the absence of MlrB inside host cells. Interestingly, inactivation of the CsgD‐controlled cellulose synthase‐coding gene restored intramacrophage proliferation to rates comparable to wild‐type bacteria in the absence of MlrB. These data indicate that MlrB represses CsgD expression inside host cells and suggest that this repression lowers the activation of the cellulose synthase. Our findings provide a novel link between biofilm formation and Salmonella virulence.
Effect of high altitude on human postprandial 13C‐octanoate metabolism, intermediary metabolites, gastrointestinal peptides, and visceral perception
Authors: Strunz Patrick‐Pascal , Vuille‐dit‐Bille Raphael N. , R. Fox Mark , Geier Andreas , Maggiorini Marco , Gassmann Max , Fruehauf Heiko , Lutz Thomas A. , Goetze Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveAt high altitude (HA), acute mountain sickness (AMS) is accompanied by neurologic and upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGS). The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that delayed gastric emptying (GE), assessed by 13C‐octanoate breath testing (OBT), causes UGS in AMS. The secondary aim was to assess post‐gastric mechanisms of OBT, which could confound results under these conditions, by determination of intermediary metabolites, gastrointestinal peptides, and basal metabolic rate.MethodsA prospective trial was performed in 25 healthy participants (15 male) at 4559 m (HA) and at 490 m (Zurich). GE was assessed by OBT (428 kcal solid meal) and UGS by visual analogue scales (VAS). Blood sampling of metabolites (glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), beta‐hydroxyl butyrate (BHB), L‐lactate) and gastrointestinal peptides (insulin, amylin, PYY, etc.) was performed as well as blood gas analysis and spirometry. Statistical analysis: variance analyses, bivariate correlation, and multilinear regression analysis.ResultsAfter 24 h under hypoxic conditions at HA, participants developed AMS (p < 0.001). 13CO2 exhalation kinetics increased (p < 0.05) resulting in reduced estimates of gastric half‐emptying times (p < 0.01). However, median resting respiratory quotients and plasma profiles of TG indicated that augmented beta‐oxidation was the main predictor of accelerated 13CO2‐generation under these conditions.ConclusionQuantification of 13C‐octanoate oxidation by a breath test is sensitive to variation in metabolic (liver) function under hypoxic conditions. 13C‐breath testing using short‐chain fatty acids is not reliable for measurement of gastric function at HA and should be considered critically in other severe hypoxic conditions, like sepsis or chronic lung disease.
Presence of widespread pain predicts comorbidities and treatment response in temporomandibular disorders patients
Authors: Jo Jung Hwan , Son Chunghwan , Chung Jin Woo , Park Ji Woon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesInvestigate the presence of widespread pain in a well‐defined TMD group and analyze its interrelationship with various comorbidities. Also, longitudinally seek the difference in treatment response according to the presence of widespread pain.Subjects and MethodsThe observational study involved 45 female TMD patients in their 20s. Patients were grouped into localized and widespread pain groups based on the widespread pain index (WPI ≥ 4). Clinical characteristics and levels of comorbidities were analyzed through physical examination and validated questionnaires. Differences between the groups and the power of pre‐treatment WPI in predicting pre‐treatment comorbidities and post‐treatment pain level improvement were statistically analyzed.ResultsPatients with widespread pain showed higher somatization and anxiety levels. SF‐36 scores were significantly lower and more patients complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Conventional treatment significantly reduced pain intensity in both groups but less in the widespread pain group. WPI showed significant chances to predict patients showing improvement in pain levels with treatment with a cutoff value of 4. WPI was also effective in differentiating patients that showed a higher level of somatization.ConclusionWidespread pain index could be effectively applied in differentiating those with a higher level of psychological distress and predicting TMD treatment response with further investigations into its reliability.
Gavage‐administered lactoferrin promotes palatal expansion stability in a dose‐dependent manner
Authors: Xiao Xiaoyue , Cheng Ye , Huang Li , Liu Ruojing , Zou Shujuan , Chen Jianwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different lactoferrin concentrations on mid‐palatal suture bone remodeling during palatal expansion and relapse in rats.Materials and MethodsThirty‐two 5‐week‐old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: EO (expansion only), E+LF1 (expansion plus 10 mg/kg/day daily LF), E+LF2 (expansion plus 100 mg/kg/day daily LF), and E+LF3 (expansion plus 1 g/kg/day daily LF). Thereafter, micro‐computed tomography and micro‐morphology of the mid‐palatal suture were analyzed on day 7 and day 14, respectively.ResultsThe arch widths were increased in all the four groups after expansion, and there was no significant difference among them on day 7. After relapse, however, the arch width in the E+LF3 group was significantly larger compared with EO group. In E+LF3 group and E+LF2 group, new bone formation and osteoblast number were enhanced with up‐regulated expression of osteocalcin and collagen type I, while the expression of cathepsin K‐positive cells was downregulated in E+LF3 group.ConclusionLactoferrin gavage administration might increase the stability of palatal expansion and reduce relapse in a concentration‐dependent manner by enhancing bone formation and inhibiting resorption. LF administration may be promising for optimizing the maxillary expansion outcome.
Expression of reproductive‐related genes and changes in oocyte maturation of goldfish broodstock (Carassius auratus) following injection of different exogenous kisspeptins
Authors: Valipour AbdolMajid , Heidari Behrooz , Vaziri Hamidreza , Asghari S. Mohsen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKisspeptin, upstream of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis, play an essential role in the reproductive process. In the present study, the effect of different types of kisspeptin, including goldfish (Carassius auratus) kiss1 kisspeptin (Kiss1), human kisspeptin (Hkiss) and their combination (Kiss1+H) on the reproductive‐related genes (kiss1, Kissr and Cyp19) of adult female goldfish was investigated in comparison with Ovaprim (a synthetic GnRH hormone). Kiss1 and Hkiss were synthesized using a solid‐phase synthesis approach. Peptides were injected at a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight. The brain and ovarian tissues of samples were separated for histological studies 24 hr post‐injection. The expression of the kiss1, Kissr and Cyp19 genes was measured by RT‐PCR. The results showed a significant increase in expression of the reproductive‐related genes. Histological analysis revealed higher number of mature oocytes in kisspeptin treated groups compare to other ones. In conclusion, Hkiss and Kiss1+H are the most effective peptides in oocyte maturation and expression of reproductive‐related genes. In addition, it seems that kisspeptins in other domestic animals can be used to stimulate the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐gonadal axis.
Exchange rate, industrial linkage, and firm employment
Authors: Liu Yalin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examines how exchange rate shocks impact firm‐level employment through five transmission channels, namely, the traditional import competition, export revenue, import cost channels, and the innovative upstream and downstream propagation channels. The upstream (downstream) propagation is defined as an indirect channel of the exchange rate shocks that transmits from downstream (upstream) firms via production chains. Augmenting the model of Campa and Goldberg (2001) by incorporating input–output linkage, I develop a theoretical framework to identify the mechanisms of exchange rate effects on firm‐level employment. Using Chinese firm‐level data and the industrial input–output table, this study yields empirical results that confirm the theory robustly. Specifically, the appreciation of exchange rates has large and significantly negative and positive impacts on firms’ employment through the upstream and downstream propagation channels, respectively.
Access to oral health care services for individuals with rare genetic diseases affecting skeletal development
Authors: Debossan Suélen Alves Teixeira , Deps Tahyná Duda , Prado Heloisa Vieira , de Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães , Borges‐Oliveira Ana Cristina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors associated with oral health care services for individuals with and without rare genetic diseases.Materials and MethodA cross‐sectional study was undertaken, with 140 individuals paired by sex and age (70 with rare genetic diseases and 70 without), aged between 3 and 27 years, and their parents. The sample was selected from two reference hospitals for patients with rare genetic diseases in southeastern Brazil. The parents completed a questionnaire on individual aspects and their child's medical/dental history. Participants who did and did not suffer from rare genetic diseases were examined for dental caries, malocclusion, dental anomalies, and oral hygiene. The theoretical model Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) was used to identify possible confounding variables in the association between rare diseases and access to dental care. Descriptive analyses and non‐matched and matched logistic regression models (p < 0.05) were carried out.ResultsThe chance of individuals without rare genetic disease having access to oral health care service was 5.32 times higher (95% CI 2.35–12.01) than those with such conditions. Individuals who had not suffered upper respiratory tract infections had a 3.16 times greater chance of being in the group with access to oral health care service (95% CI 1.45–6.90).ConclusionIndividuals with no rare genetic diseases and no history of upper respiratory tract infections had a greater chance of belonging to the group of individuals with access to a dental service. Individuals with rare genetic diseases have less access to oral health care.
High-Temperature Ignition Kinetics of Gas Turbine Lubricating Oils
Authors: Cooper Sean P. , Petersen Eric L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Lubricant ignition is a highly undesirable event in any mechanical system, and surprisingly minimal work has been conducted to investigate the auto-ignition properties of gas turbine lubricants. To this end, using a recently established spray injection scheme in a shock tube, two gas turbine lubricants (Mobil DTE 732 and Lubricant A from Cooper et al. 2021, “Auto-Ignition of Gas Turbine Lubricating Oils in a Shock Tube Using Spray Injection,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 143(5), p. 051008) were subjected to high-temperature, post-reflected-shock conditions, and OH* chemiluminescence was monitored at the sidewall location of the shock tube to measure ignition delay time (τign). A combination of an extended shock-tube driver and driver-gas tailoring were utilized to observe ignition between 1183 K and 1385 K at near-atmospheric pressures. A clear, two-stage-ignition process was observed for all tests with Mobil DTE 732, and both first and second stage τign are compared. Second stage ignition was found to be more indicative of lubricant ignition and was used to compare τign values with lubricant A. Both lubricants exhibit three ignition regimes: a high-temperature, Arrhenius-like regime (&gt;1275 K); an intermediate, negative-temperature-coefficient-like regime (1230 –1275 K); and a low-temperature ignition regime (&lt;1230 K). Similar τign behavior in the high-temperature regime was seen for both lubricants, and a regression analysis using τign data from both lubricants in this region produced the Arrhenius expression τign(μs) = 4.4 × 10−14 exp(96.7(kcal/mol)/RT). While lubricant A was found to be less reactive in the intermediate-temperature regime, Mobil DTE 732 was less reactive in the low-temperature regime. As the low-temperature regime is more relevant to gas turbine conditions, Mobil DTE 732 is considered more desirable for system implementation. Chemical kinetic modeling was also performed using n-hexadecane models (a lubricant surrogate suggested in the literature). The current models are unable to reproduce the three regimes observed and predict activation energies much lower than those observed in the high-temperature regime, suggesting n-hexadecane is a poor surrogate for lubricant ignition. Additionally, experiments were conducted with Jet-A for temperatures between 1145 and 1419 K around 1 atm. Good agreement is seen with both literature data and model predictions, anchoring the experiment with previously established τign measurement methods and calculations. A linear regression analysis of the Jet-A data produced the Arrhenius expression: τign(μs) = 6.39 × 10−5exp(41.4(kcal/mol)/RT).
A Stochastic Model for Nanoparticle Deposits Growth
Authors: Suman Alessio , Vulpio Alessandro , Casari Nicola , Pinelli Michele 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Natural events and human activities are responsible for the generation and transport of large amounts of microsized particles, which could contaminate several engineering devices like solar panels, wind turbines, and aero-engines. In industrial processes, systems as heat exchangers, fans, and dust collectors are continuously affected by nanoparticles' interaction. For several applications, the adhesion of such nanoparticles is detrimental, generating safety and performance issues. Particle-to-particle and particle-to-surface interactions are well known, even if a general explanation of nanoparticle deposit growth is still unknown. In this paper, an interpretation of deposit growth due to nanoparticle deposition can predict particle adhesion, and layer accretion is proposed. A statistical model and a set of coefficients are used to generalize nanoparticle deposits' growth by an S-shaped function. In particular, the nanoparticle deposits grow analogously to a typical autonomous population settlement in a virgin area following statistical rule, which includes the initial growth, the successive stable condition (development), and catastrophic events able to destroy the layer. This approach generalizes nanoparticle adhesion/deposition behavior, overpassing the constraints reported in common deposition models, mainly focused on the mechanical aspect of the nanoparticle impact event. The catastrophic events, such as layer detachment, are modeled with a Poisson's distribution, related to material characteristics and impact conditions. This innovative approach, analogies, and coefficients applied to common engineering applications may be the starting point for improving the prediction capability of nanoparticle deposition.
Changes in Device-Measured Physical Activity Patterns in U.K. Adults Related to the First COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Kingsnorth Andrew P. , Patience Mhairi , Moltchanova Elena , Esliger Dale W. , Paine Nicola J. , Hobbs Matthew 
Published: August 2021

The response to COVID-19 resulted in behavioral restrictions to tackle the spread of infection. Initial data indicates that step counts were impacted by lockdown restrictions; however, there is little evidence regarding changes of light and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavioral intensities. In this study, participants were asked to provide longitudinal wearable data from Fitbit devices over a period of 30 weeks, from December 2019 to June 2020. Self-assessed key worker status was captured, along with wearable estimates of steps, light activity, and MVPA. Bayesian change point analyses of data from 97 individuals found that there was a sharp decrease of 1,473 steps (95% credible interval [CI] [−2,218, −709]) and light activity minutes (41.9; 95% CI [−54.3, −29.3]), but an increase in MVPA minutes (11.7; 95% CI [2.9, 19.4]) in the mean weekly totals for nonkey workers. For the key workers, the total number of steps (207; 95% CI [−788, 1,456]) and MVPA minutes increased (20.5; 95% CI [12.6, 28.3]) but light activity decreased by an average of 46.9 min (95% CI [−61.2, −31.8]). Interestingly, the change in steps was commensurate with that observed during Christmas (1,458; 95% CI [−2,286, −554]) for nonkey workers and behavioral changes occurred at different time points and rates depending on key worker status. Results indicate that there were clear behavioral modifications before and during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period, and future research should assess whether any behavioral modifications were sustained over time.
Nitrogen Metabolism of an Anoxygenic Filamentous Phototrophic Bacterium Oscillocholris trichoides Strain DG-6
Authors: Ivanovsky R. N. , Lebedeva N. V. , Keppen O. I. , Tourova T. P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract—
The possible nitrogen sources for Osc. trichoides DG6, a typical strain of the Oscillochloridaceae family, are ammonium, N2, glutamate, asparagine, glycine, and glutamine. The assimilation of molecular nitrogen occurs with the participation of nitrogenase, the structural gene of which, nifH, is located in the gene cluster which also includes the genes of the nifD and nifK nitrogenase subunits and the auxiliary nifB gene. Considering that nifHBDK clusters have been also annotated in the genomes of other members of the Oscillochloridaceae family, including uncultured and candidate taxa, it can be assumed that the ability to fix nitrogen is a property immanent for this entire family. The pathways for assimilating ammonium in the cells grown using different nitrogen sources may differ. Osc. trichoides DG6 growing in a medium containing ammonium assimilated it with the participation of glutamate dehydrogenase, which is determined by a single gene. The expression product of this gene has dual functionality and can be used to implement the reaction with both NAD and NADP. With the growth of Osc. trichoides DG6 on a medium with glutamate as the only nitrogen source all the enzymes necessary for the implementation of the GS‑GOGAT pathway were found in the cells. However, for the glutamine synthetase reaction, ammonium, which was absent in the growth medium, was required. The source of ammonium may be glutamate metabolized through glutamate dehydrogenase.