bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvage Arthrodesis with Femoral Head Allograft for Failed Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Lee Hong S. , Young Kiwon , Park Tae-Hoon , Lee Hong Seop 
Published: March 2021

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Failed total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) often results in significant bone loss and requires salvage arthrodesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of Salvage arthrodesis with allo-bone block for failed TAA. Methods: This study included 8 patients who underwent salvage arthrodesis with femoral head allograft for failed TAA from August 2012 to March 2018 because of loosing of TAA implant. The mean age of the patients was 71 years (range, 54-81 years), and the mean follow-up period was 32 months (range, 12 to 84 months). Allograft problem and alignment of joint were evaluated radiographically. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded preoperatively and at the time of final followup. Functional questionnaires were used to assess the duration for which the patient could walk continuously, use of walking aids, consumption of pain medication, and the patient’s subjective assessment of the percentage of overall improvement compared with before the salvage arthrodesis. Results: The allograft was retained without collapse for a mean of 24 months (range, 12 to 36 months) in four patients. Collapse of the allograft was observed in four patients at a mean of 11 months (range, 9 to 16 months), 1 of 4 patients were conserved to retrograde intramedullary nail at postoperative 12 months because of with implant failure and nonunion. The mean AOFAS and VAS pain scores improved from 12 (range, 8 to 40) preoperatively to 63 (range, 38 to 75) postoperatively (p = 0.001) and from 7 (range, 6 to 10 to 3 (range, 2 to 8) (p = 0.001), respectively. At the final follow-up evaluation, 6 of 8 patients were able to walk continuously at least 30 minutes with walking aid. Conclusion: The successful rate of salvage arthrodesis with femoral head allograft was 75% (Six of total 8 patients). The incidence rate of allograft collapse was 50% (Four of total 8 patients).
JAK2-V617F and interferon-α induce megakaryocyte-biased stem cells characterized by decreased long-term functionality
Authors: Rao Tata Nageswara , Hansen Nils , Stetka Jan , Luque Paz Damien , Kalmer Milena , Hilfiker Julian , Endele Max , Ahmed Nouraiz , Kubovcakova Lucia , Rybarikova Margareta , Hao-Shen Hui , Geier Florian , Beisel Christian , Dirnhofer Stefan , Schroeder Timm , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Wolf Dominik , Koschmieder Steffen , Skoda Radek C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We studied a subset of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are defined by elevated expression of CD41 (CD41hi) and showed bias for differentiation toward megakaryocytes (Mks). Mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) expressing JAK2-V617F (VF) displayed increased frequencies and percentages of the CD41hi vs CD41lo HSCs compared with wild-type controls. An increase in CD41hi HSCs that correlated with JAK2-V617F mutant allele burden was also found in bone marrow from patients with MPN. CD41hi HSCs produced a higher number of Mk-colonies of HSCs in single-cell cultures in vitro, but showed reduced long-term reconstitution potential compared with CD41lo HSCs in competitive transplantations in vivo. RNA expression profiling showed an upregulated cell cycle, Myc, and oxidative phosphorylation gene signatures in CD41hi HSCs, whereas CD41lo HSCs showed higher gene expression of interferon and the JAK/STAT and TNFα/NFκB signaling pathways. Higher cell cycle activity and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species were confirmed in CD41hi HSCs by flow cytometry. Expression of Epcr, a marker for quiescent HSCs inversely correlated with expression of CD41 in mice, but did not show such reciprocal expression pattern in patients with MPN. Treatment with interferon-α further increased the frequency and percentage of CD41hi HSCs and reduced the number of JAK2-V617F+ HSCs in mice and patients with MPN. The shift toward the CD41hi subset of HSCs by interferon-α provides a possible mechanism of how interferon-α preferentially targets the JAK2 mutant clone.
A randomised trial of
Mycobacterium w
in critically ill patients with COVID-19: ARMY-1
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Guleria Randeep , Singh Sarman , Siddiqui Mohammad Sabah , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
We investigated whether
Mycobacterium w
(
Mw
), an immunomodulator, would improve clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
We conducted an exploratory, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of hospitalised subjects with severe COVID-19 (pulmonary infiltrates and oxygen saturation =94% on room air) conducted at four tertiary care centres in India. Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either 0.3 mL�day
-1
of
Mw
intradermally or a matching placebo for three consecutive days. The primary outcome of the study was the distribution of clinical status assessed on a seven-point ordinal scale ranging from discharged (category 1) to death (category 7) on study days 14, 21, and 28. The co-primary outcome was a change in SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment) score on days 7 and 14 compared to the baseline. The secondary outcomes were 28-day mortality, time to clinical recovery, time to reverse transcription PCR negativity, adverse events, and others.

Results
We included 42 subjects (22
Mw
, 20 placebo). On days 14 (OR 30.4 (95% CI 3.3�276.4)) and 21 (OR 14.9 (95% CI 1.8�128.4)), subjects in the
Mw
arm had a better clinical status distribution than placebo. There was no difference in the SOFA score change on days 7 and 14 between the two groups. We did not find any difference in the mortality, or other secondary outcomes. We observed no adverse events related to the use of
Mw
.

Conclusions
The use of
Mw
results in better clinical status distribution on days 14 and 21 compared to placebo in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Phenomes: the current frontier in animal breeding
Authors: Pérez-Enciso Miguel , Steibel Juan P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImprovements in genomic technologies have outpaced the most optimistic predictions, allowing industry-scale application of genomic selection. However, only marginal gains in genetic prediction accuracy can now be expected by increasing marker density up to sequence, unless causative mutations are identified. We argue that some of the most scientifically disrupting and industry-relevant challenges relate to ‘phenomics’ instead of ‘genomics’. Thanks to developments in sensor technology and artificial intelligence, there is a wide range of analytical tools that are already available and many more will be developed. We can now address some of the pressing societal demands on the industry, such as animal welfare concerns or efficiency in the use of resources. From the statistical and computational point of view, phenomics raises two important issues that require further work: penalization and dimension reduction. This will be complicated by the inherent heterogeneity and ‘missingness’ of the data. Overall, we can expect that precision livestock technologies will make it possible to collect hundreds of traits on a continuous basis from large numbers of animals. Perhaps the main revolution will come from redesigning animal breeding schemes to explicitly allow for high-dimensional phenomics. In the meantime, phenomics data will definitely enlighten our knowledge on the biological basis of phenotypes.
Gut microbiota composition and functional prediction in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Mei Lijun , Zhou Jiaoli , Su Yimo , Mao Kunhong , Wu Jing , Zhu Caicai , He Ling , Cui Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common and difficult to treat and its pathogenesis is closely related to gut microbiota. However, differences in gut microbiota of patients in different regions make it more difficult to elucidate the mechanism of IBS. We performed an analysis of gut microbiota composition and functional prediction in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D).

Methods
Fecal samples were obtained from 30 IBS-D patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) in Nanchang, China. Using 16S gene sequence profiles, we analyzed the abundance of dominant microbiota at different taxonomy levels. Based on 16S information, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was used to predicting the function of gut microbiota.

Results
Compared to HCs, gut microbiota richness but not diversity was decreased in IBS-D patients. The abundant phyla Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased significantly, and Proteobacteria increased significantly in IBS-D patients. PICRUSt indicated that function expression of gut microbiota in IBS-D patients was up-regulated in metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and down-regulated in environmental adaptation, cell growth and death.

Conclusions
Compared with the normal population in China, IBS-D patients are characterized by complex and unstable gut microbiota, which may influence inflammation and metabolism of the host.
Vaping-associated esophagitis
Authors: Pasricha Trisha Satya , Kochar Bharati 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Vaping, or e-cigarettes, heat nicotine and other chemicals to create a vapor that is inhaled. The practice has gained rapid popularity with 41 million people globally reporting regular or occasional use. Although tobacco smoking is well-known to increase esophageal acid exposure by augmenting the number of reflux events, the effects of vaping on the gastrointestinal tract have not yet been elucidated. Our objective is to report a case of severe esophagitis associated with vaping, which is the first in the literature to our knowledge.

Case presentation
A 25-year-old male with a history of well-controlled gastro-esophageal reflux disease presented to the emergency room for evaluation of one week of severe odynophagia. He had been treated with a proton-pump inhibitor for several years with good effect. Approximately two months prior to presentation, he started vaping tetrahydrocannabinol and nicotine with recent heavy daily use. He denied any alcohol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. We performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy that revealed Los Angeles Grade C esophagitis (involving ≥ 1 mucosal breaks continuous between tops of ≥ 2 mucosal folds, < 75% circumferential). Histopathological analysis of esophageal biopsies demonstrated granulation tissue with acute and chronic inflammation. Periodic acid-Schiff-diastase staining was negative and immunohistochemical stains for herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus were negative. There was no evidence of eosinophilic esophagitis. We treated him with intravenous PPI and analgesics until he was able to tolerate oral intake. He was counseled extensively on vaping cessation and reported complete resolution of symptoms after 2 months.

Conclusion
This patient’s presentation illustrates a serious gastrointestinal consequence of vaping, the long-term consequences of which warrant additional studies. Like smoking, the mechanism of injury in vaping may be, at least in part, due to the effects of nicotine. As prevalence of vaping continues to rise, clinicians should be aware of this complication and carefully solicit a patient’s vaping history as a simple denial of “smoking” can be misleading.
Integrating human‐centred design into the development of an intervention to improve the mental wellbeing of young women in the perinatal period: the Catalyst project
Authors: Taylor Salisbury Tatiana , Atmore Katie H , Nhambongo Inocencia , Mintade Muanacha , Massinga Luciana , Spencer Jak , West Jonathan , Mandlate Flavio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Mental wellbeing during pregnancy and the year after birth is critical to a range of maternal and infant outcomes. Many mental health interventions fail to incorporate stakeholder perspectives. The Catalyst Project aimed to work with key stakeholders in Mozambique to develop interventions and delivery strategies which were in-line with existing evidence and the needs, goals, and priorities of those both directly and indirectly involved in its success.

Methods
A qualitative, human-centred design approach was utilised. Focus-group discussions, individual interviews, and observations with young women (aged 16–24 years), their families, community leaders, service providers and government were used to better understand the needs, priorities and challenges to mental wellbeing of young women. These findings were triangulated with the literature to determine priority challenges to be addressed by an intervention. Stakeholder workshops were held to identify potential solutions and co-develop an intervention and delivery strategy.

Results
The 65 participants comprised 23 young pregnant women or new mothers, 12 family members, 19 service providers and 11 staff from the Ministry of Health. Participants highlighted significant uncertainty related to living situations, financial status, education, social support, and limited knowledge of what to expect of the impact of pregnancy and parenting. Family and community support were identified as an important need among this group. The Mama Felíz (Happy Mama) programme was developed with stakeholders as a course to strengthen pregnancy, childbirth and child development knowledge, and build positive relationships, problem-solving and parenting skills. In addition, family sessions address wider cultural and gender issues which impact adolescent maternal wellbeing.

Conclusions
We have developed an intervention to reduce the risk of poor maternal mental health and gives young mothers hope and skills to make a better life for them and their children by packaging information about the risk and protective factors for maternal mental disorders in a way that appeals to them, their families and service providers. By using human-centred design to understand the needs and priorities of young mothers and the health and community systems in which they live, the resulting intervention and delivery strategy is one that stakeholders view as appropriate and acceptable.
Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on youth sport in Australia and consequences for future participation and retention
Authors: Elliott Sam , Drummond M. J. , Prichard I. , Eime R. , Drummond C. , Mason R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 continues to represent the single biggest challenge to contemporary community sport globally. Compliance with social distancing policies, strict return-to-play protocols, and COVID-19 specific training has, perhaps, forever changed the way that children and young people engage in organised sport. Within this context, and while many children and families seek to re-engage with community sport, we (researchers and sport practitioners) have an obligation to ask questions about how the pandemic has impacted youth sport, understand the short- and long-term consequences, and explore what (if any) opportunities can be seized to assist and improve future participation and retention. The aim of this paper was to present an in-depth exploration of the impact of COVID-19 on youth sport in South Australia.

Methods
Within an interpretive descriptive methodology, this qualitative investigation draws on rich, individual interview and focus group data with 39 youth (ages 15–18), parents, coaches, and sport administrators. A reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken, leading to the development of four substantive themes.

Results
We conceptualised the ‘4 Rs’ to advance theoretical understandings about the pandemic’s impact on youth sport, including the themes ‘recognising struggle’, ‘reconnection’, ‘re-engaging after restrictions, and ‘reimagining sport’. The themes captured insights about a decline in mental wellbeing and physical activity, an increase in family connectedness, the challenge for sports to attract volunteers and participants back into sport, and the opportunities to reset values and philosophies underpinning the provision of youth sport.

Conclusion
The findings provide valuable insight into the youth sport setting as a result of the global pandemic and suggest that families, sporting clubs and sporting organisations require additional resources and tools (for example, support for parents to facilitate their children’s training at home during lockdown) to aid recovery efforts and to ensure the survival and prosperity of youth sport into the future.
Transvaginal strangulated bowel evisceration through uterine perforation due to unsafe abortion: a case report and literature review
Authors: Tchuenkam Landry Wakheu , Mbonda Aimé Noula , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Mbem-Ngos Patrick P. , Noah-Ndzie Hugues G. , Bang Guy Aristide 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Induced abortion, whether therapeutic or elective, is a surgical procedure frequently practiced worldwide. It is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. When the procedure is performed in precarious conditions, by unqualified personnel, it leads to serious consequences, including uterine perforation and its associated lesions. Its management remains a medico-surgical emergency.

Case presentation
We present two cases of unsafe abortions performed by cervical dilatation and intrauterine curettage which resulted in uterine perforation and intestinal evisceration through the vagina leading to acute intestinal obstruction. Both patients underwent intensive resuscitation followed by an emergency laparotomy. The first case was a 26-year-old woman living in rural Cameroon. Following a procedure of termination of her pregnancy, the patient noted the presence of bowel at the vaginal introitus associated with signs of intestinal obstruction. She was transferred to a specialized center was after 4 days later of the onset of the evisceration. Considering the gangrened eviscerated terminal ileum, a right hemicolectomy with anastomosis was performed, as well as a suture of the uterine perforation. The second patient was an 18-year-old African living as a refugee in Cameroon. She was referred for abdominal pain in the context of intestinal obstruction with a viable jejunal loop extruding through the vagina. A simple jejunal resection was performed with end-to-end anastomosis and suture of the uterine perforation. In both cases, the postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusions
Uterine perforation is a serious complication of intrauterine gynecological procedures and instrumental abortion in particular. It can lead to evisceration of the intra-abdominal viscera through the uterine perforation. It is therefore a real surgical emergency with multiple and fatal consequences.
Dialysis decisions concerning cognitively impaired adults: a scoping literature review
Authors: Parsons Jordan A. , Ives Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease is a significant cause of global deaths. Those who progress to end-stage kidney disease often commence dialysis as a life-extending treatment. For cognitively impaired patients, the decision as to whether they commence dialysis will fall to someone else. This scoping review was conducted to map existing literature pertaining to how decisions about dialysis are and should be made with, for, and on behalf of adult patients who lack decision-making capacity. In doing so, it forms the basis of a larger body of work that is exploring how these decisions ought to be made.MethodsTo identify relevant papers, searches were conducted on Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, PsychINFO, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were then applied, requiring that papers: report on empirical studies about how decisions about dialysis are madeand/ordiscuss how decisions about dialysis should be made with, for, and on behalf of adult patients who lack decision-making capacity; be published from 1961 onwards; and be published in English. This resulted in 27 papers eligible for inclusion.ResultsOf note, the majority of papers originated in the United States. There was wide variation across the included papers. Extracted data were grouped under the following themes: involving various parties (patient involvement, family dominance, and wider communication); objectivity about care options (including difficulties with family detachment); cultural sensitivity; medical versus non-medical factors; managing nonadherent patients; and the role and prevalence of substituted judgement. The literature shows that there is inconsistency in the principles and processes surrounding decisions made about dialysis with, for, and on behalf of adult patients who lack decision-making capacity.ConclusionsThis scoping review demonstrates that there is significant variation in both the practice and theory of dialysis decision making with, for, and on behalf of cognitively impaired adult patients. Complexity arises in considering who should get a say, how influential their say should be in a decision, and what factors are most relevant to the decision. A lack of up-to-date literature exploring this issue is highlighted, with this scoping review providing a useful groundwork from which further research can be undertaken.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Bamberg Dementia Screening Test’s (BDST) full and short versions: brief screening instruments for geriatric patients that are suitable for infectious environments
Authors: Trapp Wolfgang , Röder Susanne , Heid Andreas , Billman Pia , Daiber Susanne , Hajak Göran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, many patients suffering from dementia do not have a diagnosis when admitted to geriatric hospitals. This is the case despite an increased risk of complications affecting the length of stay and outcome. Unfortunately, many dementia screening tests cannot be used on geriatric inpatients, who are often bedridden. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of a small battery of bedside tasks that require minimal vision and fine motor skills in patients with suspected dementia.

Methods
In this prospective study, the Bamberg Dementia Screening Test (BDST) was administered to a consecutive series of 1295 patients referred for neuropsychological testing. The diagnosis of dementia was confirmed in 1159 and excluded in 136 patients.
Sensitivity and specificity for the first subtest (ultra-short form), the first two subtests (short form), and the total score of the BDST were obtained via receiver operating characteristic curves and compared with the sensitivity and specificity values of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE).

Results
The overall diagnostic quality of the BDST was superior to the MMSE for mild Alzheimer’s dementia (sensitivity and specificity = .94 (95% CI .92 to .96) and .82 (95% CI .75 to .88) vs. .79 (95% CI .76 to .83) and .88 (95% CI .82 to .93)) as well as for other subtypes of mild dementia (sensitivity and specificity = .91 (95% CI .88 to .94) and .82 (95% CI .75 to .88) vs. .72 (95% CI .67 to .76) and .88 (95% CI .82 to .93)). Even the short form of the BDST was comparable to the MMSE regarding sensitivity and specificity. For moderate dementia, it was possible to identify dementia cases with sufficient and excellent diagnostic quality by using the ultra-short and the short form.

Conclusions
The BDST is able to detect dementia in geriatric hospital settings. If the adaptive algorithm is used, administration time can be reduced to less than 2 min in most cases. Because no test materials have to be exchanged, this test is particularly suitable for infectious environments where contact between the examiner and the person being tested should be minimized.