bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helmet Non-Invasive Ventilation for COVID-19 Patients (Helmet-COVID): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Arabi Yaseen M , Tlayjeh Haytham , Aldekhyl Sara , Al-Dorzi Hasan M , Abdukahil Sheryl Ann , Al Harbi Mohammad Khulaif , Al Haji Husain , Al Mutairi Mohammed , Al Zumai Omar , Al Qasim Eman , Al Wehaibi Wedyan , Al Qahtani Saad , Al-Hameed Fahad , Chalabi Jamal , Alshahrani Mohammed , Albrahim Talal , Alharthy Abdulrahman , Mady Ahmed , Bin Eshaq Abdulhadi , Al bshabshe Ali A , Al Aseri Zohair , Al Duhailib Zainab , Kharaba Ayman , Alqahtani Rakan , Al Ghamdi Adnan , Altalag Ali , Alghamdi Khalid , Almaani Mohammed , Algethamy Haifa , Al Aqeily Ahmad , Al Baseet Faisal , Al Samannoudi Hashem , Al Obaidi Mohammed , Ismaiel Yassin T , Al-Fares Abdulrahman A 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) delivered by helmet has been used for respiratory support of patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of this study was to compare helmet NIV with usual care versus usual care alone to reduce mortality.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, pragmatic, parallel randomised controlled trial that compares helmet NIV with usual care to usual care alone in a 1:1 ratio. A total of 320 patients will be enrolled in this study. The primary outcome is 28-day all-cause mortality. The primary outcome will be compared between the two study groups in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol cohorts. An interim analysis will be conducted for both safety and effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationApprovals are obtained from the institutional review boards of each participating institution. Our findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences and meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04477668.
Effect of COVID-19 on smoking cessation outcomes in a large primary care treatment programme: an observational study
Authors: Veldhuizen Scott , Selby Peter , Wong Benjamin , Zawertailo Laurie 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has changed patterns of smoking, other substance use and other health-related behaviours, leading to a virtualisation of non-urgent medical care. In this study, we examine associated changes in outcomes of smoking-cessation treatment.DesignObservational study.SettingData are drawn from 221 physician-led primary care practices participating in a smoking cessation program in Ontario, Canada.Participants43 509 patients (53% female), comprising 35 385 historical controls, 6109 people enrolled before the pandemic and followed up during it, and 1815 people enrolled after the pandemic began.InterventionNicotine-replacement therapy with counselling.Primary outcome measure7-day self-reported abstinence from cigarettes at a follow-up survey 6 months after entry.ResultsFor people followed up in the 6 months (6M) after the pandemic began, quit probability declined with date of enrolment. Predicted probabilities were 31.2% (95% CI 30.0% to 32.5%) for people enrolled in smoking cessation treatment 6 months prior to the emergency declaration and followed up immediately after the state of emergency was declared, and 24.1% (95% CI 22.1% to 26.2%) for those enrolled in treatment immediately before the emergency declaration and followed up 6M later (difference=−6.5%, 95% CI −9.0% to −3.9%). Seasonality and total treatment use did not explain this decline.ConclusionThe probability of successful smoking cessation following treatment fell during the pandemic, with the decline consistent with an effect of ‘exposure’ to the pandemic-era environment. As many changes happened simultaneously, specific causes cannot be identified; however, the possibility that virtual care has been less effective than in-person treatment should be explored.
Removal of instabilities of the higher derivative theories in the light of antilinearity
Authors: Paul Biswajit , Dhar Himangshu , Saha Biswajit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTheories with higher derivatives involve linear instabilities in the Hamiltonian commonly known as Ostrogradski ghosts and can be viewed as a very serious problem during quantization. To cure this, we have considered the properties of antilinearity that can be found inherently in the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Owing to the existence of antilinearity, we can construct an operator, called the V-operator, which acts as an intertwining operator between the Hamiltonian and its Hermitian conjugate. We have used this V-operator to remove the linear momentum term from the higher derivative Hamiltonian by making it non-Hermitian in the first place via an isospectral similarity transformation. The final form of the Hamiltonian is free from the Ostrogradski ghosts under some restriction on the mass term.
Growth and SHG of a 3D coordination polymer based on metallacalix[4]arenes molecular building blocks
Authors: Liu Chengyou , Yuan Gang , Cui Shu 
Published: August 2021

A three-dimensional (3D) Cd-CP [Cd(H2L)]n was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions [[Formula: see text]-[2,4[Formula: see text]-biimidazole]-4,5-dicarboxylicacid]. The structure of [Cd(H2L)]n was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the result shows that it exhibits a non-centrosymmetric lig(LiGe) network constructed from interconnecting C2-symmetric metallacalix[4]arenes Cd4(H2L)4 MBBs. This complex exhibits light blue fluorescence emission originated from intraligand [Formula: see text] electron transition, indicating that the d[Formula: see text] metal ions can hardly absorb energy and thus have no interference with the fluorescence of the ligand. The UV–Vis was used to investigate the optical property of the sample, which is essentially not absorbed in the visible light area and the band gap of the sample is about 2.2[Formula: see text]eV. Moreover, nonlinear optical (NLO) determination shows that the sample exhibits an obvious second-harmonic generation (SHG) response of [Formula: see text].
George Kaufman: Both Hands In; Scholar’s Work with Academia and Financial Industry Benefitted Both
Authors: Bike William S. 
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the career of economist Prof. George Kaufman, whose work combined and benefited both academia and the financial industry, helping both better understand the problems of financial stability, financial regulation, and financial sector competition. In doing so, he brought together great minds from both fields and helped many economists progress in their careers. Prof. Kaufman promulgated the idea that government policy needed to foster two simple goals: proper incentives and competitive markets. He believed the combination would produce a richer society and more stable economy. He created the U.S. Federal Reserve’s Conference on Bank Structure and Competition, the leading conference in the world addressing financial regulatory issues for 50 years. Prof. Kaufman also founded the U.S. Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee in 1986 in the midst of the thrift crisis, helping to solve that crisis and inspiring the creation of other shadow financial regulatory committees around the world. Through his activities, he left behind an outstanding legacy of leadership, research, and opinion in various economic fields, providing platforms upon which many scholars will build in the coming decades.
State and trait anxiety among medical staff during the first month of COVID-19 pandemic: A sample from Turkey
Authors: Şahan Ebru , Tangılntız Aise 
Published: August 2021

Objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic, excessive workload, a rapidly changing workplace environment, the danger of carrying the virus and transmitting the disease to their families, relatives and those they live with creates stress for the medical workers. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the state and trait anxiety levels of healthcare professionals who encounter patients with suspected COVID-19 infection and related factors. Method Data were collected from healthcare professionals working with patients diagnosed or suspected with COVID-19 via online self-report questionnaire between 9–19 April 2020. The state (STAI-S) and trait anxiety (STAI-T) scale was used to measure anxiety. Results A total of 291 healthcare professionals, 216 women and 75 men, participated in the study. Women's state and trait anxiety were significantly higher than men's. 11 participants without any lifetime psychiatric illness experienced psychiatric symptoms and consulted to a psychiatrist. The state anxiety of those who have children, nurses and those working in branches directly related to the pandemic (Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine, Radiology, Anesthesiology and Reanimation) was higher than others. The state anxiety of those who thought they were not protected with personal protective equipment and those who did not stay in their own home was higher than others. Conclusions At the forefront of the fight against COVID-19, there are medical personnel who pay a serious psychological cost. Especially in terms of anxiety, we should pay attention to women, workers with children, nurses and people working in branches that are directly related to pandemics.
Discovery and validation of a novel subgroup and therapeutic target in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Pierson Sheila K. , Shenoy Sushila , Oromendia Ana B. , Gorzewski Alexander M. , Langan Pai Ruth-Anne , Nabel Christopher Shield , Ruth Jason R. , Parente Sophia A. T. , Arenas Daniel J. , Guilfoyle Mary , Reddy Manjula , Weinblatt Michael , Shadick Nancy , Bower Mark , Pria Alessia Dalla , Masaki Yasufumi , Katz Laura , Mezey Jason , Beineke Philip , Lee David , Tendler Craig , Kambayashi Taku , Fosså Alexander , van Rhee Frits , Fajgenbaum David C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIdiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a poorly understood hematologic disorder involving cytokine-induced polyclonal lymphoproliferation, systemic inflammation, and potentially fatal multiorgan failure. Although the etiology of iMCD is unknown, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an established disease driver in approximately one-third of patients. Anti–IL-6 therapy, siltuximab, is the only US Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment. Few options exist for siltuximab nonresponders, and no validated tests are available to predict likelihood of response. We procured and analyzed the largest-to-date cohort of iMCD samples, which enabled classification of iMCD into disease categories, discovery of siltuximab response biomarkers, and identification of therapeutic targets for siltuximab nonresponders. Proteomic quantification of 1178 analytes was performed on serum of 88 iMCD patients, 60 patients with clinico-pathologically overlapping diseases (human herpesvirus-8–associated MCD, N = 20; Hodgkin lymphoma, N = 20; rheumatoid arthritis, N = 20), and 42 healthy controls. Unsupervised clustering revealed iMCD patients have heterogeneous serum proteomes that did not cluster with clinico-pathologically overlapping diseases. Clustering of iMCD patients identified a novel subgroup with superior response to siltuximab, which was validated using a 7-analyte panel (apolipoprotein E, amphiregulin, serum amyloid P-component, inactivated complement C3b, immunoglobulin E, IL-6, erythropoietin) in an independent cohort. Enrichment analyses and immunohistochemistry identified Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling as a candidate therapeutic target that could potentially be targeted with JAK inhibitors in siltuximab nonresponders. Our discoveries demonstrate the potential for accelerating discoveries for rare diseases through multistakeholder collaboration.
Macrophage-derived IL-6 trans-signalling as a novel target in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Hirani Dharmesh , Alvira Cristina M. , Danopoulos Soula , Milla Carlos , Donato Michele , Tian Lu , Mohr Jasmine , Dinger Katharina , Vohlen Christina , Selle Jaco , v. Koningsbruggen-Rietschel Silke , Barbarino Verena , Pallasch Christian , Rose-John Stefan , Odenthal Margarete , Pryhuber Gloria S. , Mansouri Siavash , Savai Rajkumar , Seeger Werner , Khatri Purvesh , Al Alam Denise , Dötsch Jörg , Alejandre Alcazar Miguel A. 
Published: August 2021

RationalePremature infants exposed to oxygen are at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is characterised by lung growth arrest. Inflammation is important, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated inflammatory pathways and therapeutic targets in severe clinical and experimental BPD.Methods and resultsFirst, transcriptomic analysis within silicocellular deconvolution identified a lung-intrinsic M1-like-driven cytokine pattern in newborn mice after hyperoxia. These findings were confirmed by gene expression of macrophage-regulating chemokines (Ccl2,Ccl7,Cxcl5) and markers (Il6,Il17A,Mmp12). Secondly, hyperoxia-activated interleukin 6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling was measuredin vivoand related to loss of alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII) as well as increased mesenchymal marker.Il6null mice exhibited preserved ATII survival, reduced myofibroblasts and improved elastic fibre assembly, thus enabling lung growth and protecting lung function. Pharmacological inhibition of global IL-6 signalling and IL-6 trans-signalling promoted alveolarisation and ATII survival after hyperoxia. Third, hyperoxia triggered M1-like polarisation, possiblyviaKrüppel-like factor 4; hyperoxia-conditioned medium of macrophages and IL-6-impaired ATII proliferation. Finally, clinical data demonstrated elevated macrophage-related plasma cytokines as potential biomarkers that identify infants receiving oxygen at increased risk of developing BPD. Moreover, macrophage-derivedIL6and active STAT3 were related to loss of epithelial cells in BPD lungs.ConclusionWe present a novel IL-6-mediated mechanism by which hyperoxia activates macrophages in immature lungs, impairs ATII homeostasis and disrupts elastic fibre formation, thereby inhibiting lung growth. The data provide evidence that IL-6 trans-signalling could offer an innovative pharmacological target to enable lung growth in severe neonatal chronic lung disease.
Immunologic biomarkers, morbidity and mortality among HIV patients hospitalised in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Gama Wellington Mota , Frank Carlos Henrique Michiles , Almeida Taynná Vernalha Rocha , dos Santos Daniel Silva , Chaves Yury Oliveira , da Silva Danielle Furtado , Orlandi Patrícia Puccinelli , Pereira Flávio Ribeiro , Magalhães Gleicienne Feliz , Baptista Bárbara Jóse , de Oliveira Silva Viviane Lago , da Silva Balieiro Antônio Alcirley , Santana Monique Freire , Gonçalves Roberta Lins , da Costa Allyson Guimarães , dos Santos Marcelo Cordeiro , de Lima Ferreira Luís Carlos , Lacerda Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes , Nogueira Paulo Afonso 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The irregular use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and late diagnosis still account for a large part of HIV-associated mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Herein, we describe HIV-associated morbidity among hospitalised HIV/AIDS patients with advanced immunosuppression and assess the comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and immunological markers associated with mortality.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) in Manaus, Brazil. In all, 83 participants aged between 12 and 70 years were enrolled by convenience within 72 h of their hospitalisation. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records. We prospectively measured the cytokines Th1/Th2/Th17 and inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-12 using cytometric bead array, and the soluble CD14 using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The HIV/AIDS inpatients presented a scenario of respiratory syndromes as the most prevalent comorbidity. Almost all patients had CD4 T counts below 350 cells/mL and the mortality rate was 20.5%. Pulmonary tuberculosis, neurotoxoplasmosis and oropharyngeal–esophageal candidiasis were the most prevalent opportunistic infections. TB and weight loss were more prevalent in HIV/AIDS inpatients who died. The Mann Whitney analysis showed that those who died had higher platelet distribution width (PDW) on admission, which is suggestive for platelet activation. The Poisson multivariate analysis showed the prevalence of TB, digestive syndrome and increases in IL-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) associated to death.

Conclusions
The advanced immunosuppression characterized by the opportunistic infections presented in these HIV/AIDS inpatients was the major factor of mortality. The role of platelet activation in worse outcomes of hospitalisation and the IL-8 associated with the context of advanced immunosuppression may be promising markers in the prediction of mortality in HIV/AIDS patients.
Antibiotic prescribing for acute, non-complicated infections in primary care in Germany: baseline assessment in the cluster randomized trial ARena
Authors: Poss-Doering Regina , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Kamradt Martina , Andres Edith , Kaufmann-Kolle Petra , Wensing Michel ,   ARena-study group, Szecsenyi Joachim , Wensing Michel , Kamradt Martina , Poß-Doering Regina , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Kaufmann-Kolle Petra , Andres Edith , Wambach Veit , Lindenthal Joerg , Bleek Julian , Günter Alexander , Bader Lutz , Szecsenyi Joachim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is fueled by inappropriate use of antibiotics. Global and national strategies support rational use of antibiotics to retain treatment options and reduce resistance. In Germany, the ARena project (Sustainable reduction of antibiotic-induced antimicrobial resistance) intended to promote rational use of antibiotics for acute non-complicated infections by addressing network-affiliated physicians, primary care teams and patients through multiple interacting interventions. The present study documented patterns of antibiotic prescribing for patients with acute non-complicated infections who consulted a physician in these networks at the start of the ARena project. It explored variation across subgroups of patients and draws comparisons to prescribing patterns of non-targeted physicians.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional analysis used mixed logistic regression models to explore factors associated with the primary outcome, which was the percentage of patient cases with acute non-complicated respiratory tract infections consulting primary care practices who were treated with antibiotics. Secondary outcomes concerned the prescribing of different types of antibiotics. Descriptive methods were used to summarize the data referring to targeted physicians in primary care networks, non-targeted physicians (reference group), and patient subgroups.

Results
Overall, antibiotic prescribing rates were 32.0% in primary care networks and 31.7% in the reference group. General practitioners prescribed antibiotics more frequently than other medical specialist groups (otolaryngologists vs. General practitioners OR = 0.465 CI = [0.302; 0.719], p < 0.001, pediatricians vs. General practitioners: OR = 0.369 CI = [0.135; 1.011], p = 0.053). Quinolone prescribing rates were 9.9% in primary care networks and 8.1% in reference group. Patients with comorbidities had a higher likelihood of receiving an antibiotic and quinolone prescription and were less likely to receive a guideline-recommended substance. Younger patients were less likely to receive antibiotics (OR = 0.771 CI = [0.636; 0.933], p = 0.008). Female gender was more likely to receive an antibiotic prescription (OR = 1.293 CI = [1.201, 1.392], p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study provided an overview of observed antibiotic prescribing for acute non-complicated respiratory tract infections in German primary care at the start of the ARena project. Findings indicate potential for improvement and will serve as comparator for the post-interventional outcome evaluation to facilitate describing of potential changes.
Association between preoperative serum albumin and prognosis in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma after primary resection: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Fuxun , Liu Zhihong , Liang Jiayu , Liu Shengzhuo , Wu Kan , Zhang Fan , Zhou Chuan , Lu Yiping , Zhu Yuchun , Wang Xianding 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Given the limited treatment options, prognostic assessment of ACC is increasingly crucial. In this study, we aim to assess the correlation between preoperative serum albumin and prognosis in patients with ACC after primary resection.

Methods
We retrospectively collected and reviewed medical information about 71 ACC patients who underwent primary resection. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test or Breslow test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Jordan index was generated to explore optimal cut-off value of albumin. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox’s hazards model. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results
Among included patients, 33 patients (46.5%) relapsed at the end of follow-up, while 39 patients (54.9%) died. The median overall survival (OS) of included patients was 17 (range 1–104) months, and median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 10 (range 0–104) months. In univariate analysis, the albumin was significantly associated with OS (HR:0.491, 95% CI: 0.260–0.930, P = 0.029) and RFS (HR: 0.383, 95% CI: 0.192–0.766, P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, serum albumin as an independent prognostic factor of OS was confirmed (HR: 0.351, 95% CI: 0.126–0.982, P = 0.046).

Conclusions
Preoperative albumin might be a significant prognostic factor for ACC patients after primary resection. This result may be useful for risk stratification and management of this rare malignancy.