bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children of the palms: growing plants and growing people in a Papuan Plantationocene
Authors: Chao Sophie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores how ecological change transforms children and child‐rearing among Indigenous Marind in West Papua. Marind children become ‘anim' (persons) by immersing themselves within the ecology of sago palms and their suckers, or ‘sago children’. Conversely, deforestation and oil palm expansion – the defining traits of the place, period, and production mode I term ‘Papuan Plantationocene’ – subvert the mutual maturation of humans and sago by confining children to the oppressive environment of the village and preventing them from supporting sago's growth through sago transplanting and felling. Meanwhile, oil palm itself is alternately characterized by Marind as a vulnerable child subjected to totalizing human control and as a figure of hope for future Marind generations. The article provides a deeper and broader consideration of ‘childhood’ beyond the human in understanding how monocrop capitalist production reconfigures the form and possibility of multispecies social reproduction for people and plants.
The effect of various herbs and packaging material on antioxidant activity and colour parameters of whey (Lor) cheese
Authors: Akan Ecem , Yerlikaya Oktay , Akpinar Asli , Karagozlu Cem , Kinik Ozer , Uysal Harun Rasit 
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to research the effects of some herbs and the packaging material on total phenolic compound content and the antioxidant activity of Lor cheeses. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Lor cheeses containing only black cumin were found to be significantly lower than cheeses containing black cumin and rosemary or black cumin and thyme (P < 0.05). 2,2‐azino‐di‐(3‐ethylbenzothialozine‐ sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) methods were found to be more reliable than the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method in evaluating the antioxidant activity of herbs added to Lor cheeses. It has been observed that the packaging material effects the antioxidant activity of the samples differently during the storage.
Testing for association in multiview network data
Authors: Gao Lucy L. , Witten Daniela , Bien Jacob 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider data consisting of multiple networks, each composed of a different edge set on a common set of nodes. Many models have been proposed for the analysis of such multiview network data under the assumption that the data views are closely related. In this paper, we provide tools for evaluating this assumption. In particular, we ask: given two networks that each follow a stochastic block model, is there an association between the latent community memberships of the nodes in the two networks? To answer this question, we extend the stochastic block model for a single network view to the two‐view setting, and develop a new hypothesis test for the null hypothesis that the latent community memberships in the two data views are independent. We apply our test to protein–protein interaction data from the HINT database. We find evidence of a weak association between the latent community memberships of proteins defined with respect to binary interaction data and the latent community memberships of proteins defined with respect to cocomplex association data. We also extend this proposal to the setting of a network with node covariates. The proposed methods extend readily to three or more network/multivariate data views.
Debugging by design: A constructionist approach to high school students' crafting and coding of electronic textiles as failure artefacts
Authors: Fields Deborah A. , Kafai Yasmin B. , Morales‐Navarro Luis , Walker Justice T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMuch attention in constructionism has focused on designing tools and activities that support learners in designing fully finished and functional applications and artefacts to be shared with others. But helping students learn to debug their applications often takes on a surprisingly more instructionist stance by giving them checklists, teaching them strategies or providing them with test programmes. The idea of designing bugs for learning—or debugging by design—makes learners agents of their own learning and, more importantly, of making and solving mistakes. In this paper, we report on our implementation of ‘Debugging by Design’ activities in a high school classroom over a period of 8 hours as part of an electronic textiles unit. Students were tasked to craft the electronic textile artefacts with problems or bugs for their peers to solve. Drawing on observations and interviews, we answer the following research questions: (1) How did students participate in making bugs for others? (2) What did students gain from designing and solving bugs for others? In the discussion, we address the opportunities and challenges that designing personally and socially meaningful failure artefacts provides for becoming objects‐to‐think‐with and objects‐to‐share‐with in student learning and promoting new directions in constructionism.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

There is substantial evidence for the benefits of learning programming and debugging in the context of constructing personally relevant and complex artefacts, including electronic textiles.
Related, work on productive failure has demonstrated that providing learners with strategically difficult problems (in which they ‘fail’) equips them to better handle subsequent challenges.
What this paper adds

In this paper, we argue that designing bugs or ‘failure artefacts’ is as much a constructionist approach to learning as is designing fully functional artefacts.
We consider how ‘failure artefacts’ can be both objects‐to‐learn‐with and objects‐to‐share‐with.
We introduce the concept of ‘Debugging by Design’ (DbD) as a means to expand application of constructionism to the context of developing ‘failure artifacts’.
Implications for practice and/or policy

We conceptualise a new way to enable and empower students in debugging—by designing creative, multimodal buggy projects for others to solve.
The DbD approach may support students in near‐transfer of debugging and the beginning of a more systematic approach to debugging in later projects and should be explored in other domains beyond e‐textiles.
New studies should explore learning, design and teaching that empower students to design bugs in projects in mischievous and creative ways.
The biodesign studio: Constructions and reflections of high school youth on making with living media
Authors: Walker Justice T. , Kafai Yasmin B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMost constructionist efforts have focused on supporting learners with tools for designing with digital and/or physical media. Recent developments in life sciences now allow K‐12 learners to design with living materials, or to biodesign. In this paper, we report on the development of a biodesign studio activity called biocakes wherein teams of high school youth genetically modified a yeast strain to bake a nutrient fortified food product. Using a qualitative deductive analysis of classroom observations, interviews and projects, we examined high school youth experiences and reflections of these activities to answer three research questions: (1) What kind of artefacts did youth make with living media? (2) How did youth engage in biodesign? and (3) What did youth have to say about their biodesign experiences? We discuss how our analyses of biodesign applications highlight the importance of assembly practices, social engagement and imaginative design for constructionist learning. These insights provide compelling examples for designing with living media in K‐12 education.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic?

Constructionist perspectives shape important ideas about what we know about science learning, and notably in computer science fields.
One widely taken up example includes making, where learners use crafts to make interactive computational objects.
In life science, constructionism also provides insights about learning using digital media to model biological systems or interact with living materials.
What this paper adds?

This paper extends these perspectives by examining production and engagement when learners construct with living materials—an approach that has only recently been possible with the development of accessible wet lab tools.
We frame learning activities as a studio model—that emphasised application design, iteration and critique—to better assess the roles assembly, construction and speculative design play in production that uses living materials.
Our findings suggest that assembly is important for creating accessible points of entry to complex biological fabrication processes.
We also find that speculative design provides an opportunity for learners to extend their existing abilities beyond what is otherwise available given their expertise or access to resources, and thus expansively explore related ideas.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Assembly and speculative design have important places in constructionist‐driven production with living materials and could, therefore, be leveraged in practice.
The detection of circulating plasma cells may improve the Revised International Staging System (R‐ISS) risk stratification of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Galieni Piero , Travaglini Fosco , Vagnoni Davide , Ruggieri Miriana , Caraffa Patrizia , Bigazzi Catia , Falcioni Sadia , Picardi Paola , Mazzotta Serena , Troiani Emanuela , Dalsass Alessia , Mestichelli Francesca , Angelini Mario , Camaioni Elisa , Maravalle Denise , Angelini Stefano , Pezzoni Valerio 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe Revised International Staging System (R‐ISS) stratifies patients affected by Multiple Myeloma (MM) into three distinct risk groups: R‐ISS I [ISS Stage I, Standard‐Risk cytogenetics and normal Lactase DeHydrogenase (LDH)], R‐ISS III (ISS stage III and either high‐risk cytogenetics or high LDH) and R‐ISS II (any other characteristics). With the aim to verify whether the three R‐ISS groups could be divided into subgroups with different prognostic factors based on the detection of Circulating Plasma Cells (CPCs) at diagnosis, in this retrospective analysis, we evaluated 161 patients with MM treated at our centre between 2005 and 2017. In all, 57 patients (33·9%) were staged as R‐ISS III, 98 (58·3%) as R‐ISS II and six (3·6%) as R‐ISS I. CPCs were detected in 125 patients (74·4%), while in 43 patients (25·6%) no CPCs were seen. Our analysis revealed that Overall Survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates in R‐ISS II patients were higher in the subgroup without CPCs compared to the subgroup with ≥1 CPCs (OS: 44·7% vs. 16·3%, P = 0·0089; PFS: 27·8% vs. 8·1%, P = 0·0118). Our present findings suggest that the detection of CPCs at diagnosis may be used as a further prognostic biomarker to improve the risk stratification of patients with MM staged as R‐ISS II.
An item response tree model with not‐all‐distinct end nodes for non‐response modelling
Authors: Chang Yu‐Wei , Hsu Nan‐Jung , Tsai Rung‐Ching 
Published: April 2021

The non‐response model in Knott et al. (1991, Statistician, 40, 217) can be represented as a tree model with one branch for response/non‐response and another branch for correct/incorrect response, and each branch probability is characterized by an item response theory model. In the model, it is assumed that there is only one source of non‐responses. However, in questionnaires or educational tests, non‐responses might come from different sources, such as test speededness, inability to answer, lack of motivation, and sensitive questions. To better accommodate such more realistic underlying mechanisms, we propose a a tree model with four end nodes, not all distinct, for non‐response modelling. The Laplace‐approximated maximum likelihood estimation for the proposed model is suggested. The validation of the proposed estimation procedure and the advantage of the proposed model over traditional methods are demonstrated in simulations. For illustration, the methodologies are applied to data from the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The analysis shows that the proposed tree model has a better fit to PISA data than other existing models, providing a useful tool to distinguish the sources of non‐responses.
Risk of cancer in long‐term levothyroxine users: Retrospective population‐based study
Authors: Wu Chieh‐Chen , Islam Md. Mohaimenul , Nguyen Phung‐Anh , Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Wang Ching‐Huan , Iqbal Usman , Li Yu‐Chuan (Jack) , Yang Hsuan‐Chia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLevothyroxine is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of an underactive thyroid. The relationship between levothyroxine use and cancer risk is largely underdetermined. To investigate the magnitude of the possible association between levothyroxine use and cancer risk, this retrospective case‐control study was conducted using Taiwan’s Health and Welfare Data Science Center database. Cases were defined as all patients who were aged ≥20 years and had a first‐time diagnosis for cancer at any site for the period between 2001 and 2011. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) to reduce potential confounding factors. A total of 601 733 cases and 2 406 932 controls were included in the current study. Levothyroxine users showed a 50% higher risk of cancer at any site (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.46‐1.54; P < .0001) compared with non–users. Significant increased risks were also observed for brain cancer (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.48‐2.44; P < .0001), skin cancer (AOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17‐1.72; P < .0001), pancreatic cancer (AOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.60; P = .03), and female breast cancer (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.33; P < .0001). Our study results showed that levothyroxine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly brain, skin, pancreatic, and female breast cancers. Levothyroxine remains a highly effective therapy for hypothyroidism; therefore, physicians should carefully consider levothyroxine therapy and monitor patients’ condition to avoid negative outcomes. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate the potential biological mechanisms.
Synthesis, in vitro and in silico anti‐bacterial analysis of piperine and piperic ester analogues
Authors: Sivashanmugam Arthi , Velmathi Sivan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA set of 12 analogues of piperine was designed, replacing the amide functional group of the molecule with different aliphatic and aromatic ester functional groups. Molecular docking studies of these molecules with FDA‐approved target proteins for anti‐bacterial drugs were done. The binding energy of the proteins and the ligands were low and the analogues were found to be drug‐like based on the ADME results; hence, the molecules were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were tested for their anti‐bacterial property against six bacterial species via Agar well‐diffusion method. Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the strains tested. The overall susceptibility is higher in gram‐positive. The analogues showed better activity than piperine. The analogues, propyl piperic ester (P3) and 2‐fluorophenyl piperic ester (P9) and 4‐fluorophenyl piperic ester (P10) showed comparatively bigger inhibition zones for all the strains.
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: Cytomorphology, imaging, molecular profile, and prognosis
Authors: Geramizadeh Bita , Marzban Mahsa , Shojazadeh Alireza , Kadivar Ana , Maleki Zahra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) constitutes up to 20% of all pancreatic resections, and has been increasing in recent years. Histomorphological findings of IPMN are well established; however, there are not many published papers regarding the cytological findings of IPMN on fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. We review the cytomorphological features, molecular profile, imaging findings, and prognosis of IPMN.MethodsThe English literature was thoroughly searched with key phrases containing IPMN.ObservationsIPMN is a rare entity, affecting men and women equally and is usually diagnosed at the age of 60‐70 years. The characteristic imaging features include a cystic lesion with associated dilatation of the main or branch pancreatic duct, and atrophy of surrounding pancreatic parenchyma. Cytomorphological features of IPMN include papillary fragments of mucinous epithelium in a background of abundant thick extracellular mucin, a hallmark feature. IPMNs should be evaluated for high‐grade dysplasia, which manifests with nuclear atypia, nuclear moulding, prominent nucleoli, nuclear irregularity, and cellular crowding. Molecular profiling of IPMN along with carcinoembryonic antigen and amylase levels is useful in predicting malignancy or high‐grade dysplasia arising in IPMN. Overall, the prognosis of IPMN is excellent except in those cases with high‐grade dysplasia and malignant transformation. Postoperative surveillance is required for resected IPMNs.ConclusionIPMN requires a multidisciplinary approach for management. Cytomorphological findings of IPMN on FNA, in conjunction with tumour markers in pancreatic fluid cytology and imaging findings, are of paramount importance in clinical decision‐making for IPMN.
Emerging concepts on bradykinesia in non‐parkinsonian conditions
Authors: Paparella Giulia , Fasano Alfonso , Hallett Mark , Berardelli Alfredo , Bologna Matteo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeBradykinesia is one of the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, clinical and experimental studies indicate that bradykinesia may also be observed in various neurological diseases not primarily characterized by parkinsonism. These conditions include hyperkinetic movement disorders, such as dystonia, chorea, and essential tremor. Bradykinesia may also be observed in patients with neurological conditions that are not seen as "movement disorders," including those characterized by the involvement of the cerebellum and corticospinal system, dementia, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe reviewed clinical reports and experimental studies on bradykinesia in non‐parkinsonian conditions and discussed the major findings.ResultsBradykinesia is a common motor abnormality in non‐parkinsonian conditions. From a pathophysiological standpoint, bradykinesia in neurological conditions not primarily characterized by parkinsonism may be explained by brain network dysfunction.ConclusionIn addition to the pathophysiological implications, the present paper highlights important terminological issues and the need for a new, more accurate, and more widely used definition of bradykinesia in the context of movement disorders and other neurological conditions.
“Very little but a lot.” Solidarity within the sex workers' community in Poland during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dziuban Agata , Możdrzeń Martyna , Ratecka Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article is an account of the struggle of the sex workers' community in Poland during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It unfolds as a dialog between three members of Sex Work Polska, a sex worker‐led activist and advocacy collective in Poland. While positioned as researchers, activists, and/or sex workers, we transgress the boundaries between academia and activism, permitting a grassroots insight into the crisis situation of the sex workers' community. This method enables us to present the embodied experience of community solidarity in crisis. We recall our thoughts and emotions from the moment of lockdown and our response to the pandemic by organizing an Emergency Fund to support sex workers. We reflect on how the pandemic evoked solidarity, the conditionality of institutionalized support, and our resistance to it. In capturing our experiences, we also show how the pandemic exposed the pre‐existing vulnerabilities of sex workers, their invisibility as a community in crisis, and their overvisibility as subjects of punitive measures. Our collective work and discussion allowed for engagement in feminist knowledge production, but also constituted a community care process.
Alarming rates of virological failure and HIV‐1 drug resistance amongst adolescents living with perinatal HIV in both urban and rural settings: evidence from the EDCTP READY‐study in Cameroon
Authors: Fokam J , Takou D , Njume D , Pabo W , Santoro MM , Njom Nlend A‐E , Beloumou G , Sosso S , Moudourou S , Teto G , Dambaya B , Djupsa S , Tetang Ndiang S , Ateba FN , Billong SC , Kamta C , Bala L , Lambo V , Tala V , Chenwi Ambe C , Mpouel ML , Cappelli G , Cham F , Ndip R , Mbuagbaw L , Koki Ndombo P , Ceccherini‐Silberstein F , Colizzi V , Perno C‐F , Ndjolo A 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesAdolescents living with perinatal HIV infection (ALPHI) experience persistently high mortality rates, particularly in resource‐limited settings. It is therefore clinically important for us to understand the therapeutic response, acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and associated factors among ALPHI, according to geographical location.MethodsA study was conducted among consenting ALPHI in two urban and two rural health facilities in the Centre Region of Cameroon. World Health Organization (WHO) clinical staging, self‐reported adherence, HIVDR early warning indicators (EWIs), immunological status (CD4 count) and plasma viral load (VL) were assessed. For those experiencing virological failure (VF, VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL), HIVDR testing was performed and interpreted using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database v.8.9–1.ResultsOf the 270 participants, most were on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based regimens (61.7% urban vs. 82.2% rural), and about one‐third were poorly adherent (30.1% vs. 35.1%). Clinical failure rates (WHO‐stage III/IV) in both settings were < 15%. In urban settings, the immunological failure (IF) rate (CD4 < 250 cells/μL) was 15.8%, statistically associated with late adolescence, female gender and poor adherence. The VF rate was 34.2%, statistically associated with poor adherence and NNRTI‐based antiretroviral therapy. In the rural context, the IF rate was 26.9% and the VF rate was 52.7%, both statistically associated with advanced clinical stages. HIVDR rate was over 90% in both settings. EWIs were delayed drug pick‐up, drug stock‐outs and suboptimal viral suppression.ConclusionsPoor adherence, late adolescent age, female gender and advanced clinical staging worsen IF. The VF rate is high and consistent with the presence of HIVDR in both settings, driven by poor adherence, NNRTI‐based regimen and advanced clinical staging.
Public debt, sovereign spreads and the unpleasant arithmetic of fiscal consolidations
Authors: Di Pietro Marco , Marattin Luigi , Minetti Raoul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn response to severe fiscal consolidation policies implemented after the Great Recession and the euro area sovereign debt crisis, many have questioned the effectiveness of fiscal consolidations in reducing the burden of public debt. This paper revisits this fundamental policy debate qualitatively and quantitatively, studying conditions under which primary budget balance changes can successfully reduce government debt‐to‐GDP ratios. We first illustrate these conditions through a partial equilibrium setting. We then investigate the conditions quantitatively using a medium‐scale New Keynesian DSGE model calibrated on periphery countries of the euro area. The analysis highlights the critical role of sovereign spreads in driving the debt‐to‐GDP dynamics following a restrictive primary balance shock. Fiscal consolidations turn out to successfully reduce the debt‐to‐GDP even for fairly low elasticities of spreads to fiscal variables. However, their effectiveness is quantitatively moderate and varies crucially with the initial spread level, with the degree of monetary policy accommodation, and with the responsiveness of market investors to economic fundamentals.