bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subseasonal prediction performance for South American land–atmosphere coupling in extended austral summer
Authors: Chevuturi Amulya , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Guo Liang , Holloway Christopher E. , Guimarães Bruno S. , Coelho Caio A. S. , Kubota Paulo Y. , Young Matthew , Black Emily , Baker Jessica C.A. , Vidale Pier Luigi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLand–atmosphere feedbacks, through water and energy exchanges, provide subseasonal‐to‐seasonal predictability of the hydrological cycle. We analyse subseasonal land–atmosphere coupling over South America (SA) during extended austral summer for the soil moisture‐to‐precipitation and soil moisture‐to‐air temperature feedback pathways. We evaluate subseasonal hindcasts from global forecasting systems from the UK Met Office, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts and the Center for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies (CPTEC), for the common period of 1999–2010, against two reanalyses. Biases in land–atmosphere states are established in the first week of hindcasts and increase with lead time. By Week 5, all the models only demonstrate good performance over northern, northeastern and southeastern SA for soil moisture and evapotranspiration and over tropical and subtropical SA for temperature. The hindcasts show stronger coupling at longer lead–lag between variables than reanalyses. Our results highlight possible deficiencies in feedbacks between soil moisture and precipitation in CPTEC and NCEP forecasts over the Amazon due to initial dry soil moisture biases, and in feedbacks between soil moisture and temperature for all four investigated models over southeastern SA due to erroneous representations of evapotranspiration.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Pharmacodynamics of Romiplostim in Chinese Subjects With Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Phase I/II Trial
Authors: Qi Junyuan , Zheng Li , Hu Bei , Zhou Hu , He Qing , Liu Hong , Kawai Hironori , Yang Renchi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRomiplostim is approved for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and pharmacodynamics of romiplostim in Chinese patients with ITP. This multicenter, open‐label, dose‐escalation phase I/II trial enrolled ITP patients from 5 centers in China between October 2015 and August 2017. There were 2 cohorts: 1 μg/kg and 3 μg/kg weekly for 2 weeks. The end points included pharmacokinetics, platelet changes from baseline, hematological indicators, and adverse events (AEs). Sixteen participants, with 8 patients in each cohort, were enrolled. In the 1 μg/kg cohort, time to maximum concentration was 4.00 (4.00‐7.83) hours, maximum serum drug concentration was 52.0 (16.0‐228.0) pg/mL, and area under the serum drug concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last detectable time point was 389 (32.0‐5400) pg · h/mL. In the 3 μg/kg cohort, time to maximum serum drug concentration was 11.91 (4.00‐12.00) hours, maximum serum drug concentration was 105.0 (25.5‐313.0) pg/mL, and half‐life was 12.7 (8.2‐23.6) hours. The absolute change of peak platelet count from baseline was 14 (3‐40) and 72 (3–369) ×109/L in the 1 and 3 μg/kg cohorts, respectively. Seven (87.5%) and eight (100%) participants had treatment‐emergent AEs in 1 μg/kg cohort and 3 μg/kg cohort, respectively. No major AEs occurred in the 2 cohorts. Romiplostim (1 and 3 μg/kg) is safe and well tolerated in Chinese patients with ITP.
Impact of neutral gas puffing on the divertor power exhaust and particle control in GAMMA 10/PDX by the LINDA‐KNMC code
Authors: Islam Md. Shahinul , Nakashima Yousuke , Hatayama Akiyoshi , Hoshino Kazuo , Sakamoto Mizuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper numerically investigates the impact of neutral gas puffing on the divertor power exhaust and particle control in GAMMA 10/PDX applying the plasma fluid code LINDA and the kinetic neutral code KMNC. The LINDA code is applied to GAMMA 10/PDX plasmas for understanding the physics of detachment and energy loss processes. The LINDA code is coupled with a Monte–Carlo neutral code for describing the hydrogen (H and H2) neutral particles. The plasma ion temperature (Ti) is reduced towards the target plate with the increment of H2 Gas‐Puff rate. This paper also numerically investigates the impact of recombination processes on the detached formation. The ionization, charge–exchange, and recombination of H have been included as a particle and an energy sink and source parts of the fluid equations. The reaction rate coefficient of molecular activated recombination (MAR) has been recently introduced in the LINDA code. In this paper, we study numerically the effect of MAR on the detached plasma. The MAR plays a dominant role in making the detached plasma. The simulation clarified that H neutral particles injection can effectively generate the detached plasma by enhancing the plasma‐neutral collisions processes.
Re‐thinking historical consciousness in a pandemic: From commemoration to contestability
Authors: Carroll Kay , Littlejohn Kate 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper critiques the curriculum construction of historical consciousness within Australian school systems. National and trans‐national discourses about identity, culture, gender, race and class influence the development of historical consciousness in Australian classrooms. During this unprecedented period of shared grief and global trauma, re‐interpreting historical narratives that build children's concepts of social justice, equity and global inclusivity is important epistemological work for the future. This paper uses survey data and interviews from Australian school children and teachers as the COVID‐19 pandemic emerged to examine what are the key narratives about Indigenous stories, resilience, adversity, global migration, and national identity, and how these narratives distort present realities. The analysis considers how historical consciousness is enacted within the current Australian school curriculum with stories from commemoration to contestability. Survey data from students from school years 6–12 is analysed in terms of how personal agency and empathy is formed through historical practices and inquiry in the classroom. This is supported by interviews about teaching practices. This paper reveals how globalized experiences can bridge historic boundaries of racism, prejudice and exclusion and how curriculum frameworks can develop critical historical consciousness for the future.
Associations between orthorexia, disordered eating, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zagaria Andrea , Vacca Mariacarolina , Cerolini Silvia , Ballesio Andrea , Lombardo Caterina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveOrthorexia nervosa (ON) is defined as an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating, focusing on concerns regarding food quality and composition. Currently, there is still a lack of consensus about a clear definition of the construct. Specifically, it has yet to be clarified whether ON pertains to eating disorders (EDs) or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) spectrum. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis addressing the magnitude of the association between these groups of symptoms.MethodPubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from inception up to February 2021. Data from individual studies were pooled using a random‐effects model. Pearson's r was used as the effect size metric. Subgroup analyses were conducted exploring the role of ON‐related instruments, body mass index, study quality, and cultural context.ResultsThirty‐six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. Random‐effects model yielded a moderate association between ON and EDs symptoms with an overall effect size of r = .36 (p < .001; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30–0.43). On the other hand, the results showed a small association between ON and OCD symptoms with a mean effect size of r = .21 (p < .001; 95% CI = 0.15–0.27).DiscussionMeta‐analytic findings showed that ON symptoms are more associated to EDs compared to OCD. Despite the similarities, the nonhigh magnitude of the pooled correlations suggests that ON might be different from pre‐existing EDs and OCD. Hence, ON might be treated as a stand‐alone ED and included as an emerging syndrome in the DSM classification.
Low base‐substitution mutation rate and predominance of insertion‐deletion events in the acidophilic bacterium Acidobacterium capsulatum
Authors: Kucukyildirim Sibel , Miller Samuel F. , Lynch Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnalyses of spontaneous mutation have shown that total genome‐wide mutation rates are quantitatively similar for most prokaryotic organisms. However, this view is mainly based on organisms that grow best around neutral pH values (6.0–8.0). In particular, the whole‐genome mutation rate has not been determined for an acidophilic organism. Here, we have determined the genome‐wide rate of spontaneous mutation in the acidophilic Acidobacterium capsulatum using a direct and unbiased method: a mutation‐accumulation experiment followed by whole‐genome sequencing. Evaluation of 69 mutation accumulation lines of A. capsulatum after an average of ~2900 cell divisions yielded a base‐substitution mutation rate of 1.22 × 10−10 per site per generation or 4 × 10−4 per genome per generation, which is significantly lower than the consensus value (2.5−4.6 × 10−3) of mesothermophilic (~15–40°C) and neutrophilic (pH 6–8) prokaryotic organisms. However, the insertion‐deletion rate (0.43 × 10−10 per site per generation) is high relative to the base‐substitution mutation rate. Organisms with a similar effective population size and a similar expected effect of genetic drift should have similar mutation rates. Because selection operates on the total mutation rate, it is suggested that the relatively high insertion‐deletion rate may be balanced by a low base‐substitution rate in A. capsulatum, with selection operating on the total mutation rate.
Compensatory dynamics of lotic algae break down nonlinearly with increasing nutrient enrichment
Authors: Cook Stephen C. , Back Jeffrey A. , King Ryan S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne important mechanism governing the temporal maintenance of biodiversity is asynchrony in co‐occurring competitors due to fluctuating environments (i.e., compensatory dynamics). Temporal niche partitioning has evolved in response to predictable oscillations in environmental conditions so that species may offset competition, but we do not yet have a clear understanding of how novel anthropogenic stressors alter seasonal patterns of succession. Many primary producers are nutrient limited, and enrichment may decrease the importance of environmental fluctuations that govern which species are effective competitors under naturally low nutrient regimes. Consequently, elevated nutrient concentrations may synchronize species responses to seasonality. By studying benthic algal assemblages over 2 years from 35 streams that spanned a wide gradient of nutrient enrichment, we found that compensatory dynamics characterizing seasonal succession under natural nutrient regimes broke down at relatively low levels of total phosphorus (P) enrichment (~ 25 μg/L). With increasing P more species were able to coexist at any given time, and seasonal variation in assemblage composition was characterized by synchronous swings in species biovolumes. We also observed much higher instability in assemblage biovolumes with declines in compensatory dynamics, which indicates that anthropogenic alteration of nutrient regimes can affect community stability by changing the dominant mode of seasonal succession. Our findings indicate that compensatory fluctuations of stream algae are driven by seasonality and provide insight about how nutrient enrichment alters evolved drivers of species coexistence.
Urinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein as a prognostic marker in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Sunayama Tsutomu , Yatsu Shoichiro , Matsue Yuya , Dotare Taishi , Maeda Daichi , Ishiwata Sayaki , Nakamura Yutaka , Suda Shoko , Kato Takao , Hiki Masaru , Kasai Takatoshi , Minamino Tohru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsUrinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (L‐FABP) is expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells and excreted into the urine during tubular injury. We hypothesized that high urinary L‐FABP is associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).Methods and resultsWe analysed 623 patients (74 ± 13 years old; 60.0% male patients) with AHF. Urinary L‐FABP levels were measured at the time of admission and adjusted for the urinary creatinine concentration. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. The median value and interquartile range of urinary L‐FABP levels were 6.66 and 3.37–21.1 μg/gCr, respectively. Urinary L‐FABP levels were significantly correlated with both beta‐2 microglobulin and cystatin C levels; the correlation with the former was higher than that with the latter. During the follow‐up of 631 (interquartile range: 387–875) days, 142 deaths occurred. A high tertile of urinary L‐FABP level was associated with high mortality; this association was retained after adjusting for other covariates (second tertile hazard ratio 1.40, P = 0.152 vs. first tertile; third tertile hazard ratio 1.94, P = 0.005 vs. first tertile).ConclusionsUrinary L‐FABP is more closely associated with tubular dysfunction than with glomerular dysfunction. Tubular dysfunction, which was evaluated based on urinary L‐FABP levels, in patients with AHF is associated with all‐cause mortality and is independent of pre‐existing risk factors. L‐FABP should be considered for use in the prognosis of AHF.
Contributions of Erhard Kurras to Organochromium Chemistry – From a Historical Perspective
Authors: Rosenthal Uwe , Schulz Axel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStarting from the fundamental organometallic research work of Franz Hein, Erhard Kurras investigated the possibility of isolating stable organochromium compounds. He studied the existence of σ‐alkyl and σ‐alkylene complexes, π‐allyl compounds, as well as dichromium complexes containing a chromium‐chromium quadruple bond. Since that time a variety of organochromium compounds have been developed by the scientific community. In this article, we highlight the scientific work of Erhard Kurras by using selected examples. Most of these examples represent very important contributions to the field of chromium complex chemistry, as they were completely new at that time in terms of bonding, activation of small molecules, and finally catalytic behavior. We believe that Kurras's fundamental work has opened a new chapter in organometallic chemistry.
Prevalence of workplace violence against general practitioners: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Kunming , Xiao Xue , Zeng Rong , Xia Wenqi , Feng Jing , Gan Yong , Zhou Yuanzhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobal Conference on Primary Health Care identified that promoting the primary healthcare system has become an important work. Workplace violence (WPV) against GPs is an important global problem. This study aimed to summarise the evidence on the prevalence of WPV against GPs. We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and the references of retrieved articles to identify studies on reporting the prevalence of WPV against GPs. We included 15 eligible studies in this meta‐analysis. 63.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 55.6%–70.6%) experienced any form of WPV, 33.8% (95% CI: 25.3%–42.3%) encountered non‐physical violence, and 8.5% (95% CI: 5.7%–11.4%) reported experiencing physical violence. The proportion of physical violence differed across study location, sex, and practice setting, and the prevalence of physical violence increased with study period. No significant differences in the prevalence of non‐physical violence in sex and study location were found. The prevalence of WPV against GPs is high. A higher prevalence of physical violence was found in some Asian countries (such as China), male GPs, and primary care.
To simulate or not to simulate? Comparing the effectiveness of video‐based training versus virtual reality‐based simulations on interpersonal skills development
Authors: Akdere Mesut , Jiang Yeling , Acheson Kris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmerging technologies coupled with the power of big data will transform organizations, requiring drastic changes to traditional approaches in training, communications, and team collaboration, to name only a few examples. Scholars and practitioners in the HRD field are tasked with empirically studying these new phenomena in order to assist both employees and organizations in effectively transitioning to future work. The advent of technological innovations has opened a new frontier of simulated training, including virtual reality‐based simulations (VRBS). But are these innovations more effective than traditional approaches, such as video‐based training (VBT)? Empirical investigations of these emerging technologies have been limited in the field of HRD. The current study addresses the gap in the HRD literature by conducting the first empirical research related to VR technology and its impact on training. The paper examines VRBS with a mixed methods research design within the interpersonal skills training context, comparing the effectiveness of this new medium to more traditional training platforms such as VBT. Results were mixed, with all hypotheses at least partially supported by data. Findings suggest that VR does engage trainees more fully and generate more transferable knowledge than video. The paper triangulates quantitative and qualitative data to draw conclusions and highlight issues that are emerging along with this new technology.
Changes in weight and waist circumference during menopausal transition and postmenopausal breast cancer risk
Authors: Park Boyoung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur study aimed to investigate the association between changes in weight and waist circumference (WC) during menopausal transition and breast cancer risk in Asian women. In total, 184 931 women aged 40 to 59 years with a premenopausal status at the first screening in 2009 to 2010 and a postmenopausal status at the second screening in 2011 to 2012 were included in the analysis. Changes in weight and WC during menopausal transition were classified as loss (>2.5 kg; >2.5 cm), stable (±2.5 kg; ±2.5 cm), and gain (2.5‐4.9 kg, ≥5 kg; 2.5‐4.9 cm, ≥5 cm). WC gain of 5 cm or more during menopausal transition was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer with an HR of 1.15 (95% CI = 1.01‐1.30), compared to stable WC (±2.5 cm). Among obese premenopausal women, increased WC ≥5 cm during menopausal transition was associated with increased breast cancer risk with an HR of 1.22 (95% CI = 1.03‐1.44). Similarly, in women with premenopausal WC ≥80 cm, increased WC of ≥5 cm during menopausal transition was likely to increase the breast cancer risk (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13‐1.88) than in women with stable WC. However, in premenopausal women with BMI <23 kg/m2 or WC <80 cm, changes in WC during menopausal transition did not show an association. Weight gain during menopausal transition was not associated with the risk of breast cancer. Changes in central obesity during menopausal transition in combination with premenopausal obesity status are associated with breast cancer risk after menopause.
Endometrial cancer prognosis in women with endometriosis and adenomyosis: A retrospective nationwide cohort study of 40 840 women
Authors: Hermens Marjolein , van Altena Anne M. , van der Aa Maaike , Bulten Johan , van Vliet Huib A. A. M. , Siebers Albert G. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe aim to compare endometrial cancer survival in women with or without histological proven endometriosis or adenomyosis. We identified all women with endometrial cancer between 1990 and 2015 from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). Data were linked to the Dutch pathology database (PALGA) to select all women with histological proven endometriosis/adenomyosis. Overall survival was compared between women with endometrial cancer with or without endometriosis/adenomyosis. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). We included 1701 women with endometrial cancer and endometriosis/adenomyosis, of whom 1236 (72.7%) women had adenomyosis, 320 (18.8%) had endometriosis and 145 (8.5%) had both. We compared these women to 39 139 women with endometrial cancer without endometriosis/adenomyosis. Women in the combined endometriosis/adenomyosis cohort were younger at endometrial cancer diagnosis, had earlier disease stage, more often had endometrioid endometrial cancer and low grade tumors. The 5‐year survival rate in the combined endometriosis/adenomyosis cohort was 84.8% (95% CI 84.6‐88.1) and 71.6% (95% CI 71.1‐72.0) in the nonendometriosis/adenomyosis cohort. Univariable analysis resulted in a crude HR of 0.63 (95% CI 0.59‐0.69). Significant confounding factors were age, stage, cancer subtype, histological grading, surgery and chemotherapy rate. Correction for these confounders resulted in a HR of 0.98 (95% CI 0.90‐1.06). Including endometriosis/adenomyosis status as a categorical factor resulted in similar HRs. In conclusion, women with endometrial cancer and histologically proven endometriosis/adenomyosis have a better overall survival when compared to women with endometrial cancer without endometriosis/adenomyosis. This better survival was correlated to stage, grade, age and histological subtype, but not to the presence of endometriosis/adenomyosis.
Orbital Engineering in Chemistry
Authors: Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Ghorai Sagar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the Search for a relationship between boranes and allotropes of elemental boron, several chemical problems came up: mechanism of 1,2‐shift in vinyl cations, relative stability of polyhedral boranes, carboranes, pyramidal cations, Non‐planar 2π aromaticity, pseudo π* aromaticity, sequential dehydrogenation and polycondensation of polyhedral boranes, design of stuffed boron fullerenes and C−C bond making and breaking processes belong to this group. A common thread that runs through these projects is the use of frontier molecular orbitals to design, control and explain chemical observations. Such manipulation of molecular orbitals as a design element is introduced here as Orbital Engineering which continues to help in 2D boron also.
Toward high‐performance lithium‐oxygen batteries with cobalt‐based transition metal oxide catalysts: Advanced strategies and mechanical insights
Authors: Liu Zhenjie , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhang Wang , Huang Yang , Liu Ying , Wu Dianlun , Wang Lei , Chou Shulei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAprotic lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries represent a promising next‐generation energy storage system due to their extremely high theoretical specific capacity compared with all known batteries. Their practical realization is impeded, however, by the sluggish kinetics for the most part, resulting in high overpotential and poor cycling performance. Due to the high catalytic activity and favorable stability of Co‐based transition metal oxides, they are regarded as the most likely candidate catalysts, facilitating researchers to solve the sluggish kinetics issue. Herein, this review first presents recent advanced design strategies for Co‐based transition metal oxides in Li‐O2 batteries. Then, the fundamental insights related to the catalytic processes of Co‐based transition metal oxides in traditional and novel Li‐O2 electrochemistry systems are summarized. Finally, we conclude with the current limitations and future development directions of Co‐based transition metal oxides, which will contribute to the rational design of catalysts and the practical applications of Li‐O2 batteries.
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