bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable optical fiber cascade filter by magneto-optical effect
Authors: Younus Shahad I , Al-Dergazly Anwaar A , Abass A K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Optical filters based on cascade single mode - multimode - single mode fiber structure (SMS) has considerable attention as a reliable optical device the reliability is due to its simplicity, compactness, low cost, all fiber device, low transmission loss, and can be continuously tune the laser wavelength at a specific spectral range. The principle of the operation is based on self- image and multimode interference (MMI) phenomena. A tunable filter was simulated based on cascade single mode-no core-single mode (SNS) fiber structure surrounded by magneto-optical fluid (MOF) using finite element method (FEM), the influence of the no core fiber (NCF) diameter and length on the tunablility and the bandwidth is investigated and optimized. Two materials were adopted as a MOF. The results show that the tunability of the filter can be improved by decreasing the NCF diameter. A continuous wavelength tunability about 37 nm from 1518 to 1555 nm with a bandwidth about 10 nm is obtained. The device is highly stable, inexpensive, provide wide tuning range compared with other tuning methods. This device can be used in optical communication, fiber sensor, spectroscopy, and in fiber laser technology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first optical fiber MMI tunable filter by magnetic field effect.
Consensus Development of Priority Outcome Domains for Community Mental Health Cares by Multiple Stakeholders: Protocol for an Online Delphi Study in Japan
Authors: Shiozawa Takuma , Yamaguchi Sosei , Ogawa Makoto , Abe Makiko , Kawaguchi Takayuki , Igarashi Momoka , Yasuma Naonori , Fujii Chiyo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe number of patients with mental illness living in the community has been increasing in Japan. Treatment goals for mental illness have expanded from hospital discharge and improved functioning to employment, living alone, and personal realization. These changes in treatment goals have also influenced mental health research. Recent studies have addressed the development of core outcome sets focusing on clinical aspects of mental illness such as depression and anxiety. However, a well-developed framework of essential outcomes for people with mental illness (service users) who live in the community is lacking. In addition, recent worldwide trends suggest more patient and public involvement (PPI) and the importance of considering multiple stakeholders’ views in the area of mental health research. Purpose of this study to explore consensus on high-priority outcome domains among multiple stakeholders such as service users, caregivers, service providers, governmental staff, and researchers in community mental health care and relevant fields in Japan. MethodsA three-step approach to developing an outcome list will be used. First, we will develop a long list of outcomes relevant to stakeholders through a literature review of outcomes reported in existing systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials, focus group interviews with key stakeholders, and two online questionnaire surveys of service users and caregivers. Second, the long list will be checked and revised in a two rounds of pilot study. Third, the long list will be shortened to the outcome list through the Delphi methodology with participation from multiple stakeholders. Three rounds of Delphi survey will be conducted and consensus reached if at least 70% of the participants considered at ‘very important’ or ‘important’. Outcome items that were indeterminate will be taken to the next round. All responses of survey will be feedback to participants in the next round.DiscussionIdentifying important common outcome domains through collaboration among service users, caregivers, and other stakeholders appears to contribute to the development of evidence for community mental health research in Japan. In addition, the study process itself may help promote PPI in education, practice, and research in the field of community mental health.
Suicidality in Adolescents With Onset of Anorexia Nervosa: From the Conceptualization of the Symptom to Clinical Practice
Authors: Mereu Alberta , Fantoni Teresa , Caini Saverio , Monzali Francesca , Roselli Elena , Taddei Silvia , Lucarelli Stefano , Pisano Tiziana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder (ED) that is divided in a restrictive (R-AN) and atypical (A-AN) form depending on the body mass index (BMI). In 100 adolescents with AN, we reviewed the diagnosis (R-AN and A-AN) in relation to different diagnostic criteria (absolute BMI, DSM-5 criteria, European Guidelines and Cacciari percentile curves) and we studied the prevalence of suicidality (suicidal thoughts and behaviours). We also observed the association between suicidality and severity of AN symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities.Methods: We subdivided AN in R-AN and A-AN, considering the four diagnostic criteria previously described. We used the Fisher’s exact test and the Mann-Whitney test for categorical and continuous variables, and we applied multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. Results: Thirty-one % of patients changed diagnosis from R-AN to A-AN depending on which diagnostic criteria was used. Twenty-seven % of patients presented suicidality and they showed greater severity of specific AN psychopathology.Conclusions: Categorization of the AN in childhood can change depending on the diagnostic criteria used. Suicidality is independent from BMI, and seems to be related to specific ED psychopathology and psychiatric comorbidity. These data confirm the need to conceptualize the pathology in a different way and improve the therapeutic intervention. Our findings also highlight the importance of screening for suicidality among children and adolescents at onset of AN to prevent suicide.Level of evidence: level IV
A Common Founder Effect of the Splice Site Variant c.-23+1G&gt;A in GJB2 Gene Causing Autosomal Recessive Deafness 1A (DFNB1A) in Eurasia
Authors: Solovyev Aisen V , Kushniarevich Alena , Bliznetz Elena , Bady-Khoo Marita , Lalayants Maria R , Markova Tatiana G , Minárik Gabriel , Kádasi L'udevít , Metspalu Ene , Pshennikova Vera G , Teryutin Fedor M , Alekseev Anatoly N , Khusnutdinova Elza K , Poliakov Alexander , Мetspalu Mait , Posukh Olga L , Barashkov Nikolay A , Fedorova Sardana A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mutations in the GJB2 gene are known to be a major cause of autosomal recessive deafness 1A (OMIM 220290). The most common pathogenic variants of the GJB2 gene have high ethno-geographic specificity in their distribution that being attributed to a founder effect related with Neolithic migration routes of Homo sapiens. Curiously, the c.-23+1G>A splice site variant is frequently found among deaf patients of both Caucasian and Asian origin. It is currently unknown whether this mutation did spread across Eurasia as a result of the founder effect or it could have multiple local centers of origin. To determine the origin of the c.-23+1G>A we reconstructed 𝑓2-haplotypes by genotyping SNPs on the Illumina OmniExpress 730K platform in 23 deaf individuals homozygous for this variant from different populations of Eurasia (Yakuts, Tuvinians, Evenk, Kumyk, Armenian, Russians and Slovak). The analysis revealed that the homozygosity regions in different individuals overlapped in one short region with the length of ~5.2 kb. These data support the hypothesis of the common founder effect in distribution of the c.-23+1G>A variant of GJB2 gene. Based on the published data on the c.-23+1G>A prevalence among 16,177 deaf people and calculation of TMRCA of the 𝑓2-haplotypes carrying this variant we reconstructed the potential migration routes of the c.-23+1G>A carriers around the world. This analysis indicates that the c.-23+1G>A variant may have originated approximately 6,000 years ago in the territory of the Caucasus or Middle East, followed by spread throughout Europe, South and Central Asia and other regions of the world.
Fast Self-Attention Deep Detection Network Based on Weakly Differentiated Plant Nematodes
Authors: Zhuang Jiayan , Liu Yangming , Xu Ningyuan , Zhu Yi , Xiao Jiangjian , Gu Jianfeng , Mao Tianyi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: High-precision, high-speed detection and classification of weakly differentiated targets has always been a difficult problem in the field of image vision. In this paper, the detection of phytopathogenic Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with small size and very weak inter-species differences is taken as an example. Methods: Our work has been carried out in response to the current weakly differentiated target detection problems: a. To replace the complex network labelling and training process based on expert empirical knowledge, we proposed a lightweight Self-Attention network. Experiments proved that the key feature identification areas of​ plant nematodes found by our Self-Attention network is in good agreement with the customs expert empirical knowledge, and the feature areas found by the method in this paper can better obtain higher detection accuracy than the expert knowledge; b. To optimize the computing power caused by the input of the entire image, we used low-resolution images to quickly obtain the key feature location coordinates, then obtain high-resolution feature areas information based on the coordinates; c. We adopt the adaptive weight with multi-feature joint detection method based on the brightness of the heatmap to further improve the detection accuracy; d. We constructed a more complete high-resolution training dataset involving 24 species of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other common hybrid species with a total amount of data exceeded 10,000. Results: The algorithm proposed in this paper replaces the tedious extensive manual labelling in the training process, improves the average training time of the model by more than 50%, reduces the testing time of a single sample by about 27%, optimizes the model storage size by 65%, improves the detection accuracy of the ImageNet pre-trained model by 12.6%, and improves the detection accuracy of the no-ImageNet pre-trained model by more than 48%. Conclusions: Overall, the method in this paper has achieved better results in terms of model complexity, training annotation, as well as testing time and accuracy.
Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance Among Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Abdelmohsen Shimaa R. , Khired Zenat A. , El-Ma'doul Angham Soliman , Barakat Ayah M. , Kasemy Zeinab A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives

The purpose of this study was to explore the domains of emotional intelligence among medical students and ascertain its relationship to academic achievement.
Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2340 undergraduate medical students from different Egyptian and Saudi Arabian universities using a semi-structured online abstract including two parts: Socio-demographic data and emotional intelligence questionnaire.
Results

The study was conducted on 2340 medical students aged (21.5 ± 1.9, range = 17–24 years) from two countries, Saudi Arabia (28.8%) and Egypt (71.2%). Females represented 68.4%. Academic achievement was distributed as excellent 54.1%, very good (28%), good (14.5%) and accepted (3.4%). The total EI score reported that 63.9% of the students had strength while 35.9% needed attention. Managing emotion, motivating oneself and total EI score were significantly higher among Egyptian students in comparison to Saudi Arabia students (P < 0.001). Females showed significantly higher EI scores than males. Egyptian males showed significantly higher EI scores than Saudi Arabian males (P < 0.001). Self-awareness was significantly high in Saudi Arabian females while managing emotions was significantly high among Egyptian females (P < 0.01). Academic achievement showed that EI scores were significantly higher among very good and excellent achievement in comparison to good or accepted achievement except self-awareness which showed that those with accepted achievement had higher self-awareness than those with high achievement. Significant positive correlation was found between EI scores and academic achievement (P < 0.001)
Conclusion

Emotional intelligence domains relate significantly to academic achievements in medical students. Therefore, this study recommended the necessity of improving the students ‘emotional intelligence in the scientific and community environment with proper interventions strategies through developing program that enhances their academic achievement to play a pivotal role when transforming into business world and recently in academic study.
Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation with exposure of emerging disinfection byproduct 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone in mice
Authors: Li Shi-Wei , Chang Ming-Hui , Zhao Wen-Jun , Li He-Lian , Sun Hong-Jie , Hong Hua-Chang , Wang Wen-Qian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) is an emerging disinfection byproduct frequently detected in drinking water. Previous studies have indicated that 2,6-DCBQ causes oxidative stress damage in some live systems, but this has yet to be tested in vivo in mammals. In the present study, adult mice were exposed to 2,6-DCBQ for 30 d via gavage at 0 ~ 100 mg kg− 1 with the responses of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]), key oxidative stress response genes (Heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1], NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 [NQO1] and glutamate-L-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [GCLC]) in the Nrf2-keap1 pathway, and lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde, MDA) as an indicator of oxidative damage being measured. Our results indicated that 2,6-DCBQ decreased the activities of SOD and CAT, repressed transcription of key genes in the Nrf2-keap1 pathway, and caused measurable oxidative damage. These results reveal the impact of 2,6-DCBQ in a model mammalian system and are key to understanding the potential impacts of 2,6-DCBQ in humans.
A New Composite Lognormal-Pareto Type II Regression Model to Analyze Household Budget Data via Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Ünlü Hande Konşuk 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
When data exhibits heavy-tailed behavior, traditional regression approaches might be inadequate or inappropriate to model the data. In such data analyses, composite models, which are built by piecing together two or more weighted distributions at specified threshold(s), are alternative models. When data contain covariate information, composite regression models can be used. In the existing literature, there is not much work done on this topic. The only study is Gan and Valdez (2018)'s paper. In this study, a novel Lognormal-Pareto Type II composite regression model is proposed. Particle swarm optimization ( PSO ) is performed to obtain model parameters of the proposed model. The proposed model is applied to model monthly consumption expenditure and affecting factors. The data is obtained from the National Household Budget Survey, which is conducted annually by the Turkish Statistical Institute ( TurkStat ). Since the sampling design of the Household Budget Survey is stratified two-stage cluster sampling, the parameters are estimated under weighted data by updating the proposed model and PSO . Additionally, the proposed regression model performance is compared with Lognormal , Lomax , Gamma and Gamma-Pareto type II regression models. The results demonstrate that the proposed model provides an improved fit to data.
A metabolically stable PET tracer for imaging synaptic vesicle protein 2A: Synthesis and preclinical characterization of [18F]SDM-16
Authors: Zheng Chao , Holden Daniel , Zheng Ming-Qiang , Pracitto Richard , Wilcox Kyle C. , Lindemann Marcel , Felchner Zachary , Zhang Li , Tong Jie , Fowles Krista , Finnema Sjoerd J. , Nabulsi Nabeel , Carson Richard E. , Huang Yiyun , Cai Zhengxin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) expression in the whole central nervous system and peripheral tissues, a metabolically stable SV2A radiotracer is desirable to minimize a potential confounding effect of radiometabolites. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a metabolically stable SV2A radiotracer, [18 F]SDM-16, in nonhuman primate brains. MethodsThe racemic SDM-16 (4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one) was synthesized and assayed for in vitro SV2A binding affinity. We synthesized the enantiopure [18F]SDM-16 using the corresponding arylstannane precursor. Nonhuman primate brain PET was performed on a FOCUS 220 system. Arterial blood was drawn for metabolite analysis and construction of plasma input function. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were evaluated with the one-tissue compartment (1TC) model to obtain the volume of distribution (VT). Binding potential (BPND) was calculated using either the nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND) or the centrum semiovale (CS) as the reference region. ResultsRacemic SDM-16 was synthesized in 3 steps with 44% overall yield and has high affinity (K i = 3.7 nM) to human SV2A. [18F]SDM-16 was prepared in greater than 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity. This radiotracer displayed high specific binding in brain and was metabolically more stable than other SV2A PET tracers. The plasma free fraction (fP) of [ 18 F]SDM-16 was 69%, which was higher than those of [11C]UCB-J (46%), [18F]SynVesT-1 (43%), [18F]SynVesT-2 (41%), and [18F]UCB-H (43%). The TACs were well described with the 1TC. The averaged test-retest variability (TRV) was -9±8%, and averaged absolute TRV (aTRV) was 10±7% for all analyzed brain regions. ConclusionWe have successfully synthesized a metabolically stable and high affinity SV2A PET tracer, [18F]SDM-16, which showed high specific and reversible binding in the NHP brain. [18F]SDM-16 may have potential application in the visualization and quantification of SV2A beyond the brain.
Assessment of Immune Status of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Can Predict Prognosis and Guide Treatment
Authors: Wang Xueying , Cao Kui , Guo Erliang , Mao Xionghui , An Changming , Guo Lunhua , Zhang Cong , Guo Junnan , Yang Xianguang , Sun Ji , Yang Weiwei , li Xiaomei , Miao Susheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In the past few years, immunotherapy has changed the way we treat solid tumors. People pay more and more attention to the immune microenvironment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, our immunotherapy research took advantage of the clinical database and focused our in-depth analysis on the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Methods
This study evaluated the relationship between the clinical outcome and the local tissue and overall immune status in 412 patients with primary LSCC. We constructed and validated a risk model that could predict prognosis, assess immune status, identify high-risk patients, and develop personalized treatment plans through bioinformatics. In addition, through immunohistochemical analysis, we verified the differential expression of CTSL and KDM5D genes with the largest weight coefficients in the model in LSCC tissues and their influence on the prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Results
We found that interstitial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (iTILs), tumor parenchymal infiltrating lymphocyte volume (TILv), tumor infiltrates lymphocytes of frontier invasion (TILf), and the platelet-to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with LSCC. A novel risk model can guide clinicians to accurately predict prognosis, identify high-risk patients, and formulate personalized treatment plans. The differential expression of genes such as CTSL and KDM5D can significantly affect the TILs of LSCC and the prognosis of patients.
Conclusion
Local and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma are reliable prognostic factors. The risk model and CTSL, KDM5D gene have important potential research value.
A Facile Way for Preparation of Cellulose Beads With High Homogeneity, Low Crystallinity, and Tunable - Internal Structure
Authors: Xia Yuanyuan , Li Xinping , Yuan Yue , Zhuang Jingshun , Wang Wenliang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The preparation of cellulose beads has attracted more and more attention in the application of advanced green materials. To obtain uniform and controllable cellulose beads, the dissolving pulp was dissolved in NMMO, and the cellulose beads were regenerated in various coagulation baths (water, alcohol, acid, NMMO, etc.) by phase conversion method. Results show that the crystal form of regenerated cellulose changes from cellulose I to cellulose II. NMMO swelling cellulose beads present low crystallinity and low water holding capacity. The coagulation mechanism of cellulose beads was clarified by a laser confocal microscopy. It is found that the whole coagulation process was from outside to inside gradually. It is a green and facile method for preparing cellulose beads with different structures and properties, which can be widely used in biomedicine, energy storage materials, and protein chromatography.
WITHDRAWN: Bone Response in vivo of Ti-45Zr Alloy as Dental Implant Material
Authors: Ou Pinghua , Zhang Taomei , Wang Jianying , Li Cui , Shao Chunsheng , Ruan Jianming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTi-Zr alloys have gain more attention as a new metallic biomaterial. using as implants both for orthopedics and dentistry. More recently, our group found promising results for Ti-45Zr alloy, while presenting a low elastic modulusand, a pronounced excellent mechanic character and excellent cell compatibility in vitro. However, the biocompatibility and the potential to promote osteogenesis remains unclear.Methods In this study, the biocompatibility, osteointegration ability, and immune response effects of Ti-45Zr alloy were systematicly investigated in vivo. The biocompatibility of Ti-45Zr alloy was evaluated by hemolysis test and in vivo implantation test in New Zealand white rabbits. The bone integration ability of Ti-45Zr alloy with tissue interface was also investigated by hard tissue section staining and biomechanical experiments. At the same time, the effects of Ti-45Zr alloy on the immune response of Sprague Dawley rats were studied through serum biochemical detection and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of hard tissue sections. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was detected by ELISA. ResultsResults showed that the alloy had good blood compatibility and no body side effects. After implantation in vivo, The serum concentrations of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory factors reached the highest values at the 9th day, and the inflammation level around the implant hole returned well with the prolongation of the implantation time. On the 14th day, new bone formation was observed around the three materials. The Ti-45Zr alloy was conducive to the polarisation balance of the macrophages.ConclusionThe Ti-45Zr alloy showed exccelent biocompatibility and good osteointegration ability, and it is beneficial to the polarization balance of macrophages.It confirmed that the Ti-45Zr alloy can be used as a dental implant material.
The Use of Dupilumab in Severe Atopic Dermatitis During Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Akhtar Nabeel H , Khosravi-Hafshejani Touraj , Akhtar Daud , Dhadwal Gurbir , Kanani Amin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis accounts for most cases of gestational dermatoses. The rising prevalence of atopic dermatitis poses a significant health and economic burden. Current treatments include topical and systemic glucocorticoids and cyclosporine. Presently, the only biologic approved for atopic dermatitis is dupilumab with limited data available regarding its safety profile in pregnancy. We report a case of severe atopic dermatitis treated safely with dupilumab with no adverse maternal or fetal outcomes and resolution of atopic dermatitis postpartum in the absence of maintenance dupilumab therapy. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of dupilumab in the management of atopic dermatitis during pregnancy.