bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second-order slip effect on bio-convectional viscoelastic nanofluid flow through a stretching cylinder with swimming microorganisms and melting phenomenon
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Farooq Umar , Shah Zahir , Kumam Poom , Shutaywi Meshal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe uses of nanofluid in cooling technology is growing. The nanofluid is made up of metallic and nonmetallic particles that are distributed in a base fluid. This research provides a summary of fuel cell models, uses, and how they function. Researchers have made significant contributions in the following era due to the importance of bioconvection in nanotechnology and a variety of biological systems. The idea of the recent work is to evaluate the aspects of the Cattaneo–Christov (C–C) heat and mass flux model, the second-order boundary with melting phenomenon on the bioconvective flow of viscoelastic nanofluid across a cylinder. The nature of the activation energy, thermal conductivity is also taken into account. Appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to reframe the PDEs of the modeled system into a system of ODEs. The governing equations for the renovated system of ODEs are treated by a shooting function. Here bvp4c built-in function computational tool MATLAB is used. The two-dimensional flow has ceased application in several areas, such as polymer industry, material synthesis technology, nano-biopolymer computer graphics processing, industry, mechanical engineering, airplane structures, and scientific research, which is much more useful in nanotechnology. The results of emerging important flow-field parameters are investigated with the aid of graphs and numerical results.
Draft genome sequence of the pulse crop blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] reveals potential R-genes
Authors: Jegadeesan Souframanien , Raizada Avi , Dhanasekar Punniyamoorthy , Suprasanna Penna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBlackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] (2n = 2x = 22), an important Asiatic legume crop, is a major source of dietary protein for the predominantly vegetarian population. Here we construct a draft genome sequence of blackgram, for the first time, by employing hybrid genome assembly with Illumina reads and third generation Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. The final de novo whole genome of blackgram is ~ 475 Mb (82% of the genome) and has maximum scaffold length of 6.3 Mb with scaffold N50 of 1.42 Mb. Genome analysis identified 42,115 genes with mean coding sequence length of 1131 bp. Around 80.6% of predicted genes were annotated. Nearly half of the assembled sequence is composed of repetitive elements with retrotransposons as major (47.3% of genome) transposable elements, whereas, DNA transposons made up only 2.29% of the genome. A total of 166,014 SSRs, including 65,180 compound SSRs, were identified and primer pairs for 34,816 SSRs were designed. Out of the 33,959 proteins, 1659 proteins showed presence of R-gene related domains. KIN class was found in majority of the proteins (905) followed by RLK (239) and RLP (188). The genome sequence of blackgram will facilitate identification of agronomically important genes and accelerate the genetic improvement of blackgram.
Overexpression of S100A9 in tumor stroma contribute to immune evasion of NK/T cell lymphoma and predict poor response rate
Authors: Zhou Zhiyuan , Chen Xinfeng , Li Zhaoming , Wang Xinhua , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) represents an aggressive lymphoid malignancy characterized by dismal prognosis. Immune-checkpoint blockade has shown promising efficacy in NKTCL. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying immune evasion in NKTCL have never been explored. Here, proteomic analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins between NKTCL patients and healthy individuals. We found that S100A9, an immunosuppressive molecule, was much higher in NKTCL patients both in serum and tumor stroma. Elevated level of S100A9 was associated with advanced stage, poor overall response and early recurrence. Moreover, percentage of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood was positively correlated with levels of S100A9. Low concentration of S100A9 promoted proliferation of NKTCL cells, while did not affect cell apoptosis and cell cycles. Furthermore, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on NKTCL cells was up-regulated by S100A9 through activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling significantly decreased tumor growth and PD-L1 expression induced by S100A9. In conclusion, our research firstly identified S100A9 as an immune suppressor in the tumorigenesis of NKTCL via accumulation of MDSCs and upregulation of PD-L1 expression. S100A9 may serve as a potential target to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in NKTCL.
The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS)
Authors: Schlecker M. , Pham D. , Burn R. , Alibert Y. , Mordasini C. , Emsenhuber A. , Klahr H. , Henning Th. , Mishra L. 
Published: May 2021

Context.State-of-the-art planet formation models are now capable of accounting for the full spectrum of known planet types. This comes at the cost of an increasing complexity of the models, which calls into question whether established links between their initial conditions and the calculated planetary observables are preserved.Aims.In this paper, we take a data-driven approach to investigate the relations between clusters of synthetic planets with similar properties and their formation history.Methods.We trained a Gaussian mixture model on typical exoplanet observables computed by a global model of planet formation to identify clusters of similar planets. We then traced back the formation histories of the planets associated with them and pinpointed their differences. Using the cluster affiliation as labels, we trained a random forest classifier to predict planet species from properties of the originating protoplanetary disk.Results.Without presupposing any planet types, we identified four distinct classes in our synthetic population. They roughly correspond to the observed populations of (sub-)Neptunes, giant planets, and (super-)Earths, plus an additional unobserved class we denote as “icy cores”. These groups emerge already within the first 0.1 Myr of the formation phase and are predicted from disk properties with an overall accuracy of >90%. The most reliable predictors are the initial orbital distance of planetary nuclei and the total planetesimal mass available. Giant planets form only in a particular region of this parameter space that is in agreement with purely analytical predictions. IncludingN-body interactions between the planets decreases the predictability, especially for sub-Neptunes that frequently undergo giant collisions and turn into super-Earths.Conclusions.The processes covered by current core accretion models of planet formation are largely predictable and reproduce the known demographic features in the exoplanet population. The impact of gravitational interactions highlights the need forN-body integrators for realistic predictions of systems of low-mass planets.
Comparative diagnostic accuracy of EUS needles in solid pancreatic masses: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Han Samuel , Bhullar Furqan , Alaber Omar , Kamal Ayesha , Hopson Puanani , Kanthasamy Kavin , Coughlin Sarah , Archibugi Livia , Thiruvengadam Nikhil , Moreau Christopher , Jin David , Paragomi Pedram , Valverde-López Francisco , Nagpal Sajan , Yazici Cemal , Papachristou Georgios , Lee Peter J , Akshintala Venkata ,   on behalf of the Collaborative Alliance for Pancreatic Education and Research (CAPER)
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue sampling is the standard of care for diagnosing solid pancreatic lesions. While many two-way comparisons between needle types have been made in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it is unclear which size and type of needle offers the best probability of diagnosis. We therefore performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare different sized and shaped needles to rank the diagnostic performance of each needle.Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases through August, 2020 for RCTs that compared the diagnostic accuracy of EUS fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and biopsy (FNB) needles in solid pancreatic masses. Using a random-effects NMA under the frequentist framework, RCTs were analyzed to identify the best needle type and sampling technique. Performance scores (P-scores) were used to rank the different needles based on pooled diagnostic accuracy. The NMA model was used to calculate pairwise relative risk (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals.Results Review of 2577 studies yielded 29 RCTs for quantitative synthesis, comparing 13 different needle types. All 22G FNB needles had an RR > 1 compared to the reference 22G FNA (Cook) needle. The highest P-scores were seen with the 22G Medtronic FNB needle (0.9279), followed by the 22G Olympus FNB needle (0.8962) and the 22G Boston Scientific FNB needle (0.8739). Diagnostic accuracy was not significantly different between needles with or without suction.Conclusions In comparison to FNA needles, FNB needles offer the highest diagnostic performance in sampling pancreatic masses, particularly with 22G FNB needles.
Evaluation of improved bi-manual endoscopic resection using a customizable 3D-printed manipulator system designed for use with standard endoscopes: a feasibility study using a porcine ex-vivo model
Authors: Walter Benjamin , Krieger Yannick S. , Wilhelm Dirk , Feussner Hubertus , Lueth Tim C. , Meining Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims A major drawback of endoscopic en-bloc resection technique is its inability to perform bimanual tasks. Although endoscopic platforms that enable bimanual tasks are commercially available, they are neither approved for various locations nor adaptable to specific patients and indications.
Methods Based on evolution of an adaptive 3D-printable platform concept, system variants with different characteristic properties were evaluated for ESD scenarios, ex-vivo in two locations in the stomach and colorectum.
Results In total 28 ESDs were performed (7 antrum, 7 corpus in inversion, 7 cecum, 7 rectum) in a porcine ex-vivo setup. ESD was feasible in 21 cases. Investigated manipulator variants are differently well suited for performing ESD within the varying interventions scenarios. Dual-arm manipulators allowed autonomous ESD, while single-arm flexible manipulators could be used more universally due to their compact design, especially for lesions difficult to access. Pediatric scopes were too frail to guide the overtube-manipulators in extremely angled positions. Working in the rectum was impaired using long-sized manipulator arms.
Conclusions The presented endoscopic platform based on 3D-printable and customizable manipulator structures might be a promising approach for future improvement of ESD procedure. With regard to localization, especially flexible manipulators attached to standard endoscopes appear to be most promising for further application of specific and individualised manipulator systems.
Risk factors associated with adenoma recurrence following cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection of polyps ≥ 20 mm: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Suresh Suraj , Zhang Jinyu , Ahmed Abdelwahab , Abu Ghanimeh Mouhanna , Elbanna Ahmed , Kaur Randeep , Isseh Mahmoud , Watson Andrew , Dang Duyen T. , Chathadi Krishnavel V. , Pompa Robert , Singla Sumit , Piraka Cyrus , Zuchelli Tobias 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is being increasingly utilized for non-pedunculated polyps ≥ 20 mm due to adverse events associated with use of cautery. Larger studies evaluating adenoma recurrence rate (ARR) and risk factors for recurrence following cold snare EMR of large polyps are lacking. The aim of this study was to define ARR for polyps ≥ 20 mm removed by cold snare EMR and to identify risk factors for recurrence.
Patients and methods A retrospective chart review of colon cold snare EMR procedures performed between January 2015 and July 2019 at a tertiary care medical center was performed. During this period, 310 non-pedunculated polyps ≥ 20 mm were excised using cold snare EMR with follow-up surveillance colonoscopy. Patient demographic data as well as polyp characteristics at the time of index and surveillance colonoscopy were collected and analyzed.
Results A total of 108 of 310 polyps (34.8 %) demonstrated adenoma recurrence at follow-up colonoscopy. Patients with a higher ARR were older (P = 0.008), had endoscopic clips placed at index procedure (P = 0.017), and were more likely to be Asian and African American (P = 0.02). ARR was higher in larger polyps (P < 0.001), tubulovillous adenomas (P < 0.001), and polyps with high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.003).
Conclusions Although cold snare EMR remains a feasible alternative to hot snare polypectomy for resection of non-pedunculated polyps ≥ 20 mm, endoscopists must also carefully consider factors associated with increased ARR when utilizing this technique.
Synthesis and Applications of Cyclopropanones and Their Equivalents as Three-Carbon Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jang Yujin , Machín-Rivera Roger , Lindsay Vincent N. G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCyclopropanone derivatives constitute highly strained cycloalkanones with promising applications as three-carbon building blocks in organic synthesis. Due to the presence of a ketone in such a small ring system, all C–C bonds and the carbonyl group are considered to be labile in suitable conditions, leading to a wide variety of synthetic disconnections, including nucleophilic addition, ring expansion, ring-opening, and (formal) cycloaddition. Despite their synthetic potential, the widespread adoption of cyclopropanones as substrates has been considerably hampered by the difficulties associated with the preparation and storage of such unstable compounds, prompting the development of cyclopropanone surrogates that can equilibrate to the parent ketone in situ via elimination. This review summarizes the syntheses and applications of cyclopropanone derivatives and their equivalents, and offers a perspective of the state of the field as well as its expected future directions.1	Introduction2	Preparation of Cyclopropanones and Their Equivalents2.1	Carbenoid Chemistry2.2	Allene Oxide Rearrangement2.3	Ring Closure by Dehydrohalogenation or Dehalogenation2.4	Photolytic Processes2.5	Miscellaneous Formation of Cyclopropanones2.6	Cyclopropanone Equivalents3	Synthetic Applications of Cyclopropanones and Their Equivalents3.1	Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group3.2	Ring Expansion3.3	Ring-Opening3.4	Cycloaddition and Formal Cycloaddition4	Conclusion and Outlook
A topological approach to a class of one-dimensional Kirchhoff equations
Authors: Goodrich Christopher 
Published: May 2021

We consider, for

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\begin{equation} \begin {split} -A\left (\int _0^1\big (u’(s)\big )^q\ ds\right )u(t)&=\lambda f\big (u(t)\big )\text {, }t\in (0,1)\\ u(0)&=0\\ u’(1)&=0\notag \end{split} \end{equation}

and demonstrate the existence of at least one positive solution to this problem. The main contribution is to show that by using a nonstandard order cone together with topological fixed point theory much weaker conditions than usual can be imposed on the coefficient function

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Outpatient Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Progression
Authors: Cohen Myron S , Wohl David A , Fischer William A , Smith Davey M , Eron Joseph J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As of March 2021, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had caused more than 123 million infections and almost 3 million deaths worldwide. Dramatic advances have been made in vaccine development and nonpharmaceutical interventions to stop the spread of infection. However, treatments to stop disease progression are limited. A wide variety of “repurposed” drugs evaluated for treatment of COVID-19 have had little or no benefit. More recently, intravenous monoclonal antibody (mAb) combinations have been authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration for emergency use for outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 including some active against emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants of concern. Easier to administer therapeutics including intramuscular and subcutaneous mAbs and oral antivirals are in clinical trials. Reliable, safe, effective COVID-19 treatment for early infection in the outpatient setting is of urgent and critical importance. Availability of such treatment should lead to reduced progression of COVID-19.
DOP03 Early change in epithelial neutrophilic infiltrate predicts long-term response to biologics in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Narula N , Wong E , Colombel J F , Riddell R , Marshall J , Reinisch W , Dulai P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The prognostic value of histologic scores, grades, and individual histologic sub-components, alone or in combination with endoscopy, for predicting endoscopic improvement (EI) and histo-endoscopic mucosal improvement (HEMI) during maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains uncertain.

Methods
Post-hoc analysis of participants from the VARSITY trial (n=734 with histology). Receiver operating characteristic and multi-variate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess whether baseline and/or week 14 assessments for the Robarts Histopathology Index (RHI), Geboes score, or individual histologic sub-components, could predict the achievement of EI and HEMI at week 52.

Results
RHI and Geboes scores at baseline, and changes in scores at week 14, had fair to poor accuracy for predicting week 52 EI or HEMI (Area Under the Curve [AUC] 0.58–0.67). Among individual sub-components, changes in epithelial neutrophil involvement from baseline to week 14 had the best performance for predicting week 52 EI (AUC 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.91) and HEMI (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.94). On multivariate analyses, improvement of neutrophils in the epithelium was associated with increased odds of week 52 EI (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.63, 95% CI 1.45–9.08, p=0.0059) and HEMI (OR 6.88, 95% CI 3.29–14.36, p&lt;0.0001), and lack of improvement of neutrophils in the epithelium was associated with lack of week 52 EI (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12–0.48, p&lt;0.0001) and lack of HEMI (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.014, p&lt;0.0001). No other parameters significant on univariate analysis were significant within the multivariate model. Among patients with endoscopic Mayo scores of 2 or 3 at week 14, those who had &gt;50% crypts involved with neutrophils at week 14 were significantly less likely to achieve week 52 EI (18.0%; 31/172 vs. 34.3%; 72/210, p&lt;0.001), HEMI (9.9%; 17/172 vs. 22.4%; 47/210, p=0.001) (Figure 1) and clinical remission (11.0%; 19/172 vs. 23.3%; 49/210, p=0.002). Among patients with endoscopic Mayo scores of 0 or 1 at week 14, those who had &gt;50% crypts involved with neutrophils were significantly less likely to achieve HEMI at week 52 (33%; 4/12 vs. 62.4%; 141/226, p=0.044) (Figure 1).

Conclusion
Our results on epithelial neutrophilic infiltrate following induction therapy as the only independent predictor for achievement of maintenance EI or HEMI helps clarify the clinical relevance of measuring histologic disease activity in UC. Epithelial neutrophilic infiltrate poses a means to stratify patients according to their likelihood of response to biologic treatment.
DOP16 The ratio of submucosa thickness to the total bowel wall thickness can be a sonographic parameter to estimate endoscopic remission in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Miyoshi J , Ozaki R , Yonezawa H , Mori H , Kawamura N , Matsuura M , Hisamatsu T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
A less invasive examination that can estimate endoscopic remission is needed. Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a promising option. The bowel wall thickness (BWT) is a widely-accepted objective parameter in IUS to assess colonic inflammation, but BWT is influenced by intestinal peristalsis and the volume of luminal content. A feasible, objective index that is not affected by these factors could improve the diagnostic potential of IUS. The submucosa, which is observed as the third layer of the intestinal wall on IUS, becomes swollen and standing out in the active UC. Given BWT and submucosa thickness (SMT) can be influenced by the peristalsis and luminal content simultaneously, we hypothesized that the ratio of SMT to BWT can be an index for submucosal swelling regardless of those factors and this index can be a new parameter to estimate endoscopic remission.

Methods
Inclusion criteria were (1) both IUS and endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) for UC were performed in Kyorin University Hospital between April 2019 and December 2020 and (2) time-interval between IUS and endoscopy was within 2 weeks. BWT and SMT were measured based on IUS images for ascending (A/C), transverse (T/C), descending (D/C), and sigmoid colon (S/C), respectively. We defined the submucosa index (SMI) as a percentage of SMT to BWT (Figure 1). When SMT was too thin to be measured, we scored 0 for SMI. The loss of stratification (LOS) was defined as the condition where the submucosa cannot be identified even with BWT &gt; 3 mm (Figure 2). The parts with LOS were considered as inflamed mucosa. Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) was scored for each part of the colon based on the endoscopic images. MES of 0/1 was defined as the endoscopic remission. Informed consent was obtained in the opt-out method. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyorin University School of Medicine (IRB No. 1668).

Results
In total 68 parts of the colon (A/C: 11, T/C: 12, D/C: 14, and S/C: 31) were analyzed. With ROC analysis with the Youden index, the cutoff value of BWT for endoscopic remission was 3.7 mm (AUC: 0.84). Among the parts without LOS, the cutoff value of SMI for endoscopic remission was 47.9 (AUC: 0.75). The positive predictive value for endoscopic remission of the diagnostic criteria (1) BWT ≤ 3.7 mm, (2) BWT ≤ 3.7 mm and no LOS, (3) SMI ≤ 48 (no LOS), and (4) BWT ≤ 3.7 mm, SMI ≤ 48 (no LOS) was 83.3%, 88.2%, 60.7%, and 93.3%, respectively. The negative predictive value was 88.0%, 88.2%, 90.0%, and 86.8%, respectively.

Conclusion
Given the feasibility and objectiveness of assessing bowel wall structure, our findings provide “proof of concept” that SMI can be an additional sonographic parameter for endoscopic remission.