bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ressourcenschonendes Bauen – Wege und Strategien der Tragwerksplanung
Authors: Elbers Ulrike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDer Klimawandel ist eine der größten Herausforderungen, denen wir uns in den nächsten Jahrzehnten stellen müssen. Mit einem Anteil von knapp 40 % trägt die Bauwirtschaft einen maßgeblichen Anteil an den anthropogenen Treibhausgasemissionen. Die immer intensivere Nutzung unserer Lebensräume und der Verbrauch natürlicher Ressourcen sind weitere gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgaben für den zukünftigen Erhalt unseres Planeten. Die Dekarbonisierung der Bauindustrie ist hierbei ein wesentlicher Faktor. Doch auch mit klugen Konzepten können Architekten und Fachplaner wichtige Beiträge für einen nachhaltigen Bausektor leisten. Die Reduzierung energieintensiver Baustoffe, die Vereinfachung von Gebäuden in Richtung Lowtech‐Architektur und die Wertschätzung von Bestandsbauten als Materialbanken sind dabei wesentliche Grundprinzipien einer neuen und zwingend erforderlichen Planungskultur. Die Überführung von der linearen in die zirkuläre Kreislaufwirtschaft wird sich auch im Bauwesen durchsetzen müssen, das reine Downcyclen von Materialien wird nicht ausreichen, um den Ressourcenverbrauch und die Treibhausgasemissionen zu eliminieren. Architekten und Fachplaner können in einer Vorreiterrolle mit Kreativität und Haltung maßgebende Impulse setzen und durch ihre Profession Bauherrn in ihrem Mut und ihrer Bereitschaft überzeugen, eine nachhaltige Planung umzusetzen. Die Politik ist aufgefordert, durch wirtschaftliche Anreize und Förderprogramme nachhaltige Planung zu belohnen. Normen und Bauordnungen müssen vereinfacht werden, um Wege für mehr Nachhaltigkeit zu ebnen und die Umsetzung von überzeugenden Lösungen nicht zu blockieren. Die großen klimapolitischen Ziele und Errungenschaften sind ebenso wichtig wie das Aufzeigen von Erfolgen auf Projektebene. Dazu brauchen wir einen uneigennützigen Wissensaustausch und eine kulturelle Debatte zwischen allen am Bau Beteiligten, um neue Maßstäbe im Bausektor zu setzen und Erfolge wie Misserfolge transparent zu machen.
Psychological predictors of delayed active treatment following active surveillance for low‐risk prostate cancer: The Patient REported outcomes for Prostate cARE prospective cohort study
Authors: Taylor Kathryn L. , Luta George , Zotou Vasiliki , Lobo Tania , Hoffman Richard M. , Davis Kimberly M. , Potosky Arnold L. , Li Tengfei , Aaronson David , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn a prospective, comparative effectiveness study, we assessed clinical and psychological factors associated with switching from active surveillance (AS) to active treatment (AT) among low‐risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients.MethodsUsing ultra‐rapid case identification, we conducted pretreatment telephone interviews (N = 1139) with low‐risk patients (PSA ≤ 10, Gleason≤6) and follow‐up interviews 6–10 months post‐diagnosis (N = 1057). Among men remaining on AS for at least 12 months (N = 601), we compared those who continued on AS (N = 515) versus men who underwent delayed AT (N = 86) between 13 and 24 months, using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDelayed AT was predicted by time dependent PSA levels (≥10 vs. <10; HR = 5.6, 95% CI 2.4–13.1) and Gleason scores (≥7 vs. ≤6; adjusted HR = 20.2, 95% CI 12.2–33.4). Further, delayed AT was more likely among men whose urologist initially recommended AT (HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.07–4.22), for whom tumour removal was very important (HR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.35–3.52), and who reported greater worry about not detecting disease progression early (HR = 1.67, 1.05–2.65). In exploratory analyses, 31% (27/86) switched to AT without evidence of progression, while 4.7% (24/515) remained on AS with evidence of progression.ConclusionsAfter adjusting for clinical evidence of disease progression over the first year post‐diagnosis, we found that urologists' initial treatment recommendation and patients' early treatment preferences and concerns about AS each independently predicted undergoing delayed AT during the second year post‐diagnosis. These findings, along with almost one‐half undergoing delayed AT without evidence of progression, suggest the need for greater decision support to remain on AS when it is clinically indicated.
The One‐pot Encapsulation of Palladium Complexes into Covalent Organic Frameworks Enables the Alkoxycarbonylation of Olefins
Authors: Yang Xin , Du Yi‐Ran , Guan Peng‐Xin , Liu Hong‐Ying , Wang Yao‐Feng , Xu Bao‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, palladium‐based heterogeneous catalysts were successfully prepared by encapsulating the palladium diphosphine complexes into an imine‐linked 2D‐COF (TPB‐DMTP‐COF) through a one pot self‐assembly approach. It not only prevents the oxidation of phosphine‐based ligand during the stepwise impregnation but also suppresses the coordination of imine linkers at the COF host to the palladium guest, thus enabling highly efficient encapsulation of the active bidentate phosphine chelated palladium complex by the widely explored imine‐linked COF. Besides, the dosage of diphosphine ligand (Xantphos‐SO3H, L) and the ratio of palladium to L in the preparation of [Pd]@COF hybrids can be readily adjusted under such one pot procedure to satisfy the requirement of crystallinity, porosity, active sites, and CO adsorption capacity for the catalytic performance in the methoxycarbonylation of olefins. The resultant [Pd]@COF‐A‐0.25‐0.5 provides satisfied catalytic performance for both aliphatic and aromatic olefins with total esters up to 92.1 % under optimized conditions. These findings provide the basis for a novel design concept to design heterogeneous catalysts with high efficiency for reaction processes comprising the alkoxycarbonylation of olefins.
Enantioselective synthesis of coumarins catalyzed by an isosteviol‐derived tertiary amine‐squaramide catalyst
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Wang Chuanchuan , Liu Xiaofeng , Chen Xiaopei , Tao Jingchao , Lv Quanjian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA newly tertiary amine‐squaramide organocatalyst has been successfully developed and applied into the asymmetric Michael addition of 4‐hydroxycoumarin to β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters. The catalyst system performed well with a low catalyst loading of 1 mol% under mild reaction conditions. A series of coumarin derivatives were obtained in good to high yields (up to 97%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee).
An effective data transmission scheme based on IoT system in opportunistic social networks
Authors: Huang Zhuoqi , Li Xiaoli , Wu Jia 
Published: December 2021

SummaryWith the advent of the era of Big Data, users are increasingly demanding network bandwidth and data storage in the Internet of Things (IoT) system. While current research on the opportunistic social network does not take the redundant influence of high‐speed data transmission into account, which leads to problems such as lower delivery ratio, we present an effective data transmission scheme based on IoT system (EDTS). To divide the community, which consists of devices with relatively close connections, we measure the social relationship of nodes by quantifying the remaining cache, social relation, and interest similarity in opportunistic social networks. An efficient strategy is designed in this paper to update the community by analyzing the change of edge weights between two nodes in the community, deciding whether the community should be further divided, and whether the nodes should join the larger community. The proposed scheme also involves data transmission methods based on community, which involve inter‐community forwarding and intra‐community forwarding. Simulation results show that EDTS outperforms other comparative algorithms with regard to average delivery ratio, end‐to‐end delay, and routing overhead.
Seed traits matter—Endozoochoric dispersal through a pervasive mobile linker
Authors: Stiegler Jonas , Kiemel Katrin , Eccard Jana , Fischer Christina , Hering Robert , Ortmann Sylvia , Strigl Lea , Tiedemann Ralph , Ullmann Wiebke , Blaum Niels 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough many plants are dispersed by wind and seeds can travel long distances across unsuitable matrix areas, a large proportion relies on co‐evolved zoochorous seed dispersal to connect populations in isolated habitat islands. Particularly in agricultural landscapes, where remaining habitat patches are often very small and highly isolated, mobile linkers as zoochorous seed dispersers are critical for the population dynamics of numerous plant species. However, knowledge about the quali‐ or quantification of such mobile link processes, especially in agricultural landscapes, is still limited. In a controlled feeding experiment, we recorded the seed intake and germination success after complete digestion by the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and explored its mobile link potential as an endozoochoric seed disperser. Utilizing a suite of common, rare, and potentially invasive plant species, we disentangled the effects of seed morphological traits on germination success while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness. Further, we measured the landscape connectivity via hares in two contrasting agricultural landscapes (simple: few natural and semi‐natural structures, large fields; complex: high amount of natural and semi‐natural structures, small fields) using GPS‐based movement data. With 34,710 seeds of 44 plant species fed, one of 200 seeds (0.51%) with seedlings of 33 species germinated from feces. Germination after complete digestion was positively related to denser seeds with comparatively small surface area and a relatively slender and elongated shape, suggesting that, for hares, the most critical seed characteristics for successful endozoochorous seed dispersal minimize exposure of the seed to the stomach and the associated digestive system. Furthermore, we could show that a hare's retention time is long enough to interconnect different habitats, especially grasslands and fields. Thus, besides other seed dispersal mechanisms, this most likely allows hares to act as effective mobile linkers contributing to ecosystem stability in times of agricultural intensification, not only in complex but also in simple landscapes.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Amides Starting from Carbohydrates Based on the Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Bilska‐Markowska Monika , Patyk‐Kaźmierczak Ewa , Lusina Aleksandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe search for new methods for installation of fluorine atoms into organic molecules is still a widely studied issue. In this work, an efficient synthetic protocol for the synthesis of fluorine‐containing amides derived from sugar has been presented. This approach involved the Claisen rearrangement of previously obtained fluorinated vinyl ethers. The three fluorinated olefins: 1,1,3,3,3‐pentafluoroprop‐1‐ene (2H‐PFP), 1,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoroprop‐1‐ene (1H‐PFP) and hexafluoroprop‐1‐ene (HFP) were used as a source of fluorine. New compounds were characterized by 1H, 19F and 13C NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. The X‐ray crystal structures of some fluorinated derivatives were obtained confirming structure, geometry and absolute configuration. The resulting molecules, due to possibility of further transformation of their functional groups, can be valuable fluorinated scaffolds for the synthesis of subsequent chemical compounds.
Stability of laterally unsupported shear links in eccentrically braced frames
Authors: Özkılıç Yasin Onuralp , Zeybek Özer , Topkaya Cem 
Published: December 2021

AbstractI‐shaped links in eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) are susceptible to lateral or lateral torsional buckling when subjected to cyclic link rotations. Lateral bracing should be provided at the ends of the I‐shaped links in order to prevent these failures. Requirements for such braces are available in widely used design specifications such as the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC341‐16) and EC8. These requirements limit the use of I‐shaped links in bridge piers and elevator shafts. A combined experimental and numerical study was undertaken to investigate the behavior of laterally unsupported I‐shaped links under cyclic loading. The experimental study consisted of testing of six nearly full‐scale EBFs where the link length, link length ratio, and presence of lateral supports were considered as the prime variables. The test results demonstrated that short links with link length ratios less than 1.22 can experience inelastic link rotations greater than the codified limit of 0.08 rad even without lateral bracing. A numerical parametric study was conducted to develop more generalized design recommendations for laterally unsupported I‐shaped shear links. Stability of one‐story one‐bay EBFs was studied using geometrically and materially nonlinear finite element analysis including imperfections. The numerical results showed that I‐shaped links without lateral bracing can provide a stable response when the link length ratio is less than 1.15. In addition to this limit, the ratio of the elastic critical buckling capacity to the plastic shear capacity should be greater than 3.5 and 2.5 for links with and without axial force, respectively.
Health Justice and Rawls's Theory at Fifty: Will New Thinking about Health and Inequality Influence the Most Influential Account of Justice?
Authors: Kniess Johannes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis year marks the centenary of John Rawls's birth and the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of A Theory of Justice. The influence of Rawls's landmark book on the general fields of moral and political philosophy is undisputed and well‐documented. It has also left a significant imprint on debates surrounding health policy, health care, and health inequalities. This article traces the changing ways in which Rawls's theory influenced debates about justice in health over the last five decades. Just as Rawls's ideas have shaped debates about health, however, these debates can help us critically appraise the theory and its limitations. In that spirit, the article sketches three areas where a focus on health reveals challenges to the Rawlsian framework: the issue of priority setting among competing goods, the theory's egalitarian commitments, and its focus on the distribution of goods.
Genetic Control in Historical Perspective:The Legacy of India's Genetic Control of Mosquitoes Unit
Authors: Wilbanks Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the early 1970s, a World Health Organization‐initiated and United States‐funded project released lab‐reared mosquitoes outside New Delhi in the first large‐scale field trials of the genetic control of mosquitoes. Despite partnering with the Indian Council of Medical Research and investing significantly in outreach to local communities at the release sites, the project was embroiled in controversy and became an object of vehement debate within the Indian parliament and diplomatic contretemps between the United States and India. This early episode of genetic control research demonstrates how a scientific collaboration was entangled in geopolitics and shaped by the legacy of colonialism. This historical case study has implications for public deliberation in the present, pointing to the challenges of shared decision‐making in the context of structural inequality, the way that a backdrop of military interest in a technology can impede trust, and the long‐term consequences of projects that foster mistrust.
The Decision Phases Framework for Public Engagement:Engaging Stakeholders about Gene Editing in the Wild
Authors: Barnhill‐Dilling S. Kathleen , Kokotovich Adam , Delborne Jason A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSome experts and advocates propose environmental biotechnologies such as genetic engineering, gene drive systems, and synthetic biology as potential solutions to accelerating rates of species loss. While these tools may offer hope for a seemingly intractable problem, they also present potential governance challenges for which innovative decision‐making systems are required. Two of the perennial governance challenges include, when are broader stakeholder groups involved in these decisions and who exactly should be involved? We propose the decision phases framework—which includes research and development, regulatory review, and deployment, management, and monitoring—as a framework for identifying which stakeholders might be best suited for different phases throughout the innovation and deployment of emerging environmental biotechnologies for species protection.
Empowering Indigenous Knowledge in Deliberations on Gene Editing in the Wild
Authors: Taitingfong Riley , Ullah Anika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProposals to release genetically engineered organisms in the wild raise complex ethical issues related to their safe and equitable implementation. While there is broad agreement that community and public engagement is vital to decision‐making in this context, more discussion is needed about who should be engaged in such activities and in what ways. This article identifies Indigenous peoples as key stakeholders in decisions about gene‐editing in the wild and argues that engagement activities need not only include Indigenous peoples but also be designed, conducted, and analyzed in ways that confront longstanding power imbalances that dismiss Indigenous expertise. We offer specific recommendations to guide deliberative activities to not only be inclusive of Indigenous peoples but also to empower their diverse, situated knowledges. We call on those committed to the inclusive design of broad public deliberation to pursue strategies that shift dominant power dynamics to include Indigenous communities in more meaningful ways.
Characteristics and definitive outcomes of COVID‐19 patients admitted to a secondary hospital intensive care unit in Sweden
Authors: Sjöström Björn , Månsson Emeli , Viklund Kamienny Josefin , Östberg Erland 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsMost published reports of COVID‐19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients are from large tertiary hospitals and often present short‐term or incomplete outcome data. There are reports indicating that ICUs with fewer beds are associated with higher mortality. This study aimed to investigate the definitive outcome and patient characteristics of the complete first wave of COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICU in a secondary hospital.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, all patients with respiratory failure and a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test admitted to Västerås Hospital ICU between 24 March and July 22, 2020 were included. The primary outcome was defined as 90‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, number of days with invasive ventilation, need for vasopressors/inotropes, and use of renal replacement therapy.ResultsFifty‐three patients were included. Median age (range) was 59 (33‐76) and 74% were men. Obesity and hypertension were the most common comorbidities and 45% of the patients were born outside Europe. Ninety‐day mortality was 30%. Median ICU length of stay (interquartile range) was 14 (5‐24) days and the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation 16 (12‐26) days. No patients received dialysis at 90‐day follow‐up.ConclusionIn this cohort of COVID‐19 patients treated in a secondary hospital ICU, mortality rates were low compared to early studies from China, Italy, and the United States, but similar to other government‐funded hospitals in Scandinavia. A preparatory reorganization enabled an increase in ICU capacity, hence avoiding an overwhelmed intensive care organization.
Evaluation of rapid telehealth implementation for prenatal and postpartum care visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic in an academic clinic in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
Authors: Reisinger‐Kindle Keith , Qasba Neena , Cayton Colby , Niakan Shiva , Knee Alexander , Goff Sarah L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsCOVID‐19 forced healthcare systems to implement telehealth programs, facilitated in Massachusetts by a policy requiring insurers to reimburse for telehealth visits. Prior studies suggest that telehealth is effective for obstetric care, but little is known about its implementation in response to policy changes in underserved communities. We utilized the RE‐AIM framework to evaluate telehealth implementation in a large academic urban obstetric practice that serves a medically underserved population.MethodsRE‐AIM elements were assessed through retrospective review of electronic health record (EHR) data for all obstetric encounters between March 19 and August 31, 2020 and review of clinic implementation processes. Data extracted included demographics, number and type (in‐person or telehealth) of prenatal visits, prenatal diagnoses, delivery outcomes, and number and type of postpartum visits. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 558 patients (60.6% Hispanic; 13.2% primary language Spanish) had 1788 prenatal visits, of which 698 (39.0%) were telehealth visits. A total of 209 patients had 230 postpartum visits, of which 101 (48.3%) were telehealth visits. The Reach of the intervention increased from 0% of patients at baseline to 69% in August. Effectiveness measures were limited but suggested potential for earlier diagnosis of some prenatal conditions. Adoption was high, with all 30 providers using telehealth, and the telehealth was found to likely be feasible and acceptable based on uptake. Increases in the percentage of telehealth visits over time and continuation post‐lockdown suggested maintenance was potentially achievable.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has changed traditional approaches to healthcare delivery. We demonstrate that the use of the RE‐AIM framework can be effective in facilitating implementation of telephone visits in a large academic urban obstetric practice after state‐level policy change. This may be of particular importance in settings serving patients at higher risk for maternal morbidity and poor birth outcomes.
Scanning electron microscopy of the nasal skin in different animal species as a method for forensic identification
Authors: Madkour Fatma A. , Abdelsabour‐Khalaf Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current study aims to provide a new method for the identification of animal species by using the scanning electron microscopic study on the nasal skin around the nostril. The reference databases for animal identification using traditional ways (i.e., hair and bone analyses) were somewhat available. This study was conducted on the nasal skin of seven different animal species: large ruminants (Saidi buffalo and frozen Angus cattle); small ruminants (Egyptian goat and Rahmani sheep); camels (one‐hump dromedary camel); equines (African domestic donkey and Arabian horse); carnivores (farm domestic cat, Egyptian Baladi dog, and red fox); swine (Danish Landrace pig); and rodents (albino rat and New Zealand white rabbit). The nasal skin was divided by grooves into different shaped raised areas in some examined animals, the mean diameter of these areas and width of the grooves of each animal species were recorded. The characteristic differential features of the nasal skin of each animal species have been documented. Few openings of the nasolabial glands were demonstrated in large ruminants and swine, which were H letter‐shaped in buffaloes, oval‐shaped in cattle, and whirlpool‐shaped with several layers of folds on their margin in pig. Moreover, the openings of the lateral nasal glands were whirlpool, ovoid, and oval shaped in goats, sheep, and camels, respectively. In conclusion, the present study proved that the skin around the nostrils plays an important role as means of identification in forensic investigations and improves the field of veterinary forensic medicine in general, which is not well‐developed in comparison with human forensics.