bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity, population structure and historical demography of the two-spined yellowtail stargazer (Uranoscopus cognatus)
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Nur Ilham Syahadah , Mat Jaafar Tun Nurul Aimi , Vilasri Veera , Mohd Nor Siti Azizah , Seah Ying Giat , Habib Ahasan , Wong Li Lian , Danish-Daniel Muhd , Sung Yeong Yik , Mazlan Abd. Ghaffar , Mat Piah Rumeaida , Ismail Shahrol Idham , Tan Min Pau 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBenthic species, though ecologically important, are vulnerable to genetic loss and population size reduction due to impacts from fishing trawls. An assessment of genetic diversity and population structure is therefore needed to assist in a resource management program. To address this issue, the two-spined yellowtail stargazer (Uranoscopus cognatus) was collected within selected locations in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP). The partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and the nuclear DNA recombination activating gene 1 were sequenced. Genetic diversity analyses revealed that the populations were moderately to highly diversified (haplotype diversity, H = 0.490–0.900, nucleotide diversity, π = 0.0010–0.0034) except sampling station (ST) 1 and 14. The low diversity level, however was apparent only in the matrilineal marker (H = 0.118–0.216; π = 0.0004–0.0008), possibly due to stochastic factors or anthropogenic stressors. Population structure analyses revealed a retention of ancestral polymorphism that was likely due to incomplete lineage sorting inU. cognatus, and prolonged vicariance by the Indo-Pacific Barrier has partitioned them into separate stock units. Population segregation was also shown by the phenotypic divergence in allopatric populations, regarding the premaxillary protrusion, which is possibly associated with the mechanism for upper jaw movement in biomechanical feeding approaches. The moderate genetic diversity estimated for each region, in addition to past population expansion events, indicated thatU. cognatuswithin the IWP was still healthy and abundant (except in ST1 and 14), and two stock units were identified to be subjected to a specific resource management program.
Immunological considerations and challenges for regenerative cellular therapies
Authors: Petrus-Reurer Sandra , Romano Marco , Howlett Sarah , Jones Joanne Louise , Lombardi Giovanna , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe central goal of regenerative medicine is to replace damaged or diseased tissue with cells that integrate and function optimally. The capacity of pluripotent stem cells to produce unlimited numbers of differentiated cells is of considerable therapeutic interest, with several clinical trials underway. However, the host immune response represents an important barrier to clinical translation. Here we describe the role of the host innate and adaptive immune responses as triggers of allogeneic graft rejection. We discuss how the immune response is determined by the cellular therapy. Additionally, we describe the range of available in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to examine the immunogenicity of cellular therapies, and finally we review potential strategies to ameliorate immune rejection. In conclusion, we advocate establishment of platforms that bring together the multidisciplinary expertise and infrastructure necessary to comprehensively investigate the immunogenicity of cellular therapies to ensure their clinical safety and efficacy.
SPX-related genes regulate phosphorus homeostasis in the marine phytoplankton, Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Zhang Kaidian , Zhou Zhi , Li Jiashun , Wang Jingtian , Yu Liying , Lin Senjie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for marine phytoplankton. Maintaining intracellular P homeostasis against environmental P variability is critical for phytoplankton, but how they achieve this is poorly understood. Here we identify a SPX gene and investigate its role inPhaeodactylum tricornutum.SPXknockout led to significant increases in the expression of phosphate transporters, alkaline phosphatases (the P acquisition machinery) and phospholipid hydrolases (a mechanism to reduce P demand). These demonstrate that SPX is a negative regulator of both P uptake and P-stress responses. Furthermore, we show that SPX regulation of P uptake and metabolism involves a phosphate starvation response regulator (PHR) as an intermediate. Additionally, we find the SPX related genes exist and operate across the phytoplankton phylogenetic spectrum and in the global oceans, indicating its universal importance in marine phytoplankton. This study lays a foundation for better understanding phytoplankton adaptation to P variability in the future changing oceans.
Reduced C9orf72 function leads to defective synaptic vesicle release and neuromuscular dysfunction in zebrafish
Authors: Butti Zoé , Pan Yingzhou Edward , Giacomotto Jean , Patten Shunmoogum A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion within theC9orf72gene. Reduced levels ofC9orf72mRNA and protein have been found in ALS/FTD patients, but the role of this protein in disease pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a stable C9orf72 loss-of-function (LOF) model in the zebrafish. We show that reducedC9orf72function leads to motor defects, muscle atrophy, motor neuron loss and mortality in early larval and adult stages. Analysis of the structure and function of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of the larvae, reveal a marked reduction in the number of presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and an impaired release of quantal synaptic vesicles at the NMJ. Strikingly, we demonstrate a downregulation of SV2a upon C9orf72-LOF and a reduced rate of synaptic vesicle cycling. Furthermore, we show a reduced number and size of Rab3a-postive synaptic puncta at NMJs. Altogether, these results reveal a key function for C9orf72 in the control of presynaptic vesicle trafficking and release at the zebrafish larval NMJ. Our study demonstrates an important role for C9orf72 in ALS/FTD pathogenesis, where it regulates synaptic vesicle release and neuromuscular functions.
The Bilingual Language Diversity of Latino Preschoolers: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Halpin Emily , Prishker Nydia , Melzi Gigliana 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study describes the language diversity (the within-group variability in dual-language skills) of a sample of Latino dual-language learners (preschoolers, 3–5 years of age) and how language diversity is related to home and classroom factors.

Method
A sample of 161 caregivers and their preschoolers participated in this study. Caregivers and a sample of 19 teachers reported on demographic factors and home and classroom language environments. Children were assessed in various domains of both Spanish and English to evaluate their language proficiency skills in each language. Latent profile analysis was used to generate profiles of the diversity of bilingual skills of young dual-language learners.

Results
Four profiles of dual-language skills emerged, characterized by balanced versus uneven skills and phonology and morphosyntax domains. The domains within each language served as markers to distinguish the profiles from one another, specifically morphosyntax and phonology. The results underscore the linguistic heterogeneity of preschool Latino dual-language learners.

Conclusions
Findings reflect the importance of highlighting the strengths of language diversity of preschool Latino dual-language learners instead of employing a monolithic, “one-size-fits-all” approach when considering how to best support them. Furthermore, the home environment plays an important role in supporting Spanish language skills, especially if such support is not necessarily provided at school.
Motion artefact removal in electroencephalography and electrocardiography by using multichannel inertial measurement units and adaptive filtering
Authors: Beach Christopher , Li Mingjie , Balaban Ertan , Casson Alexander J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new active electrode design for electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors based on inertial measurement units to remove motion artefacts during signal acquisition. Rather than measuring motion data from a single source for the entire recording unit, inertial measurement units are attached to each individual EEG or ECG electrode to collect local movement data. This data is then used to remove the motion artefact by using normalised least mean square adaptive filtering. Results show that the proposed active electrode design can reduce motion contamination from EEG and ECG signals in chest movement and head swinging motion scenarios. However, it is found that the performance varies, necessitating the need for the algorithm to be paired with more sophisticated signal processing to identify scenarios where it is beneficial in terms of improving signal quality. The new instrumentation hardware allows data driven artefact removal to be performed, providing a new data driven approach compared to widely used blind‐source separation methods, and helps enable in the wild EEG recordings to be performed.
Ingwer in der Phytotherapie
Authors: Neufeld Tanja , Pfuhlmann Katrin , Klose Petra , Langhorst Jost 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIngwer ist eine tropische Pflanze, welche im Wurzelstock 1,5–3%
ätherisches Öl enthält. Ingwer fördert die
Magenentleerung und den Magen-Darm-Transit und kann einen kurzfristigen Effekt
bei der Behandlung und Prävention von Übelkeit und Erbrechen
hervorrufen. Als in Pulverform anerkannte Arznei findet sie auch in der
Onkologie Verwendung. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Ingwer bei
Chemotherapie-induzierter Übelkeit/Erbrechen (CINV) behilflich
sein könnte. Es gibt Hinweise, dass höhere Ingwerdosen weniger
wirksam sind oder vorhandene Symptome verstärken können. Es
liegen erste Ergebnisse vor, dass die Tagesdosis von 1 g nicht
überschritten werden sollte. Weiterhin zeigte sich in einer Studie mit
fraglicher Qualität, dass mit Ingwer behandelte
Ovarialkarzinompatientinnen weniger Metastasen im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe
aufwiesen. Studien, welche den Einfluss von Ingwer auf die
Lebensqualität untersuchten, zeigen keine einheitlichen Ergebnisse.
Weitere qualitative hochwertige Studien sind nötig, um die medizinische
Wirksamkeit des Ingwers im onkologischen Kontext bestätigen und in der
Praxis etablieren zu können.
Ginseng – die Möglichkeit seiner Anwendung zur Behandlung der Tumor-assoziierten Müdigkeit
Authors: Pfuhlmann Katrin , Klose Petra , Neufeld Tanja , Langhorst Jost 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVon dem zu den Efeugewächsen gehörigen Ginseng sind vor allem zwei Arten bekannt: Der Asiatische oder Koreanische Ginseng Panax ginseng und der Amerikanische Ginseng Panax quinquefolius. Anwendung finden Verarbeitungen der Ginsengwurzel (Ginseng Radix), welche etliche gesundheitsförderliche Inhaltsstoffe enthält. Die wichtigsten pharmakologisch aktiven Substanzen stellen die Ginsenoside dar. Ginseng gilt als traditionelles Mittel gegen Erschöpfungszustände aller Art. Für diesen Zweck ist der Asiatische Ginseng in Europa als Arzneimittel zugelassen. Ergebnisse hochwertiger randomisierter kontrollierter Studien zeigen erste positive Effekte der Anwendung von Ginseng bei Tumor-assoziierter Müdigkeit und liefern Hinweise für eine toxikologische Unbedenklichkeit des Ginsengs. Auf Grundlage dieser Publikationen wird in der S3-Leitlinie „Komplementärmedizin in der Behandlung von onkologischen PatientInnen“, welche gerade in der Konsultationsfassung vorliegt, über eine evidenzbasierte Empfehlung für die Anwendung von Ginseng bei Tumor-assoziierter Müdigkeit diskutiert. Eine belastbare Aussage hierüber wird in der final veröffentlichten Leitlinie vorliegen.
Rheumatische Erkrankungen bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wellstein Inga , Baerwald Christoph 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGErkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats gehören zu den häufigsten Vorstellungsgründen in einer Hausarztpraxis. Wichtig ist in dem Zusammenhang ein frühzeitiges Erkennen und präventives Vorgehen zum Erhalt der Lebensqualität und Vermeidung von Morbidität. Ein Diabetes mellitus stellt für einige Erkrankungen einen wichtigen prädiktiven sowie verlaufsbestimmenden Faktor dar. Dieser Artikel zielt darauf ab, Ihnen das Wissen über die Erkrankungen und ihre Entstehung, praktische diagnostische Möglichkeiten sowie Therapieoptionen zu vermitteln und soll damit eine individuelle Behandlungsstrategie ermöglichen.
Mycobacterium setense isolated from a cat with atypical mycobacterial panniculitis
Authors: Apostolopoulos Neoklis , Prenger-Berninghoff Ellen , Wildermuth Brett , Moser Irmgard , Hillemann Doris , Nobach Daniel , Herden Christiane , Ewers Christa , Thom Nina 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungBei einer Katze wurde eine atypische mykobakterielle Pannikulitis diagnostiziert. Mittels 16S-rRNA-Gen-Sequenzanalyse ließ sich Mycobacterium setense, ein grampositives stäbchenförmiges säurefestes Bakterium der Mycobacterium fortuitum-Gruppe nachweisen, das zuvor nie bei einem erkrankten Tier isoliert werden konnte. Initial wurden Resistenzen gegen Doxycyclin und Clarithromycin festgestellt und während der Behandlung mit Pradofloxacin entwickelte sich zudem eine Resistenz gegen Fluorchinolone, bedingt durch eine Mutation im Gyrasegen gyrA (S90W-Austausch). Trotz einer langfristigen antimikrobiellen Behandlung über 33 Monate wurde keine vollständige Heilung erzielt. Bei einer atypischen mykobakteriellen Pannikulitis ist die Speziesbestimmung mit Resistenztest die Grundlage für eine adäquate Antibiose.
Total Synthesis of Oxepin and Dihydrooxepin Containing Natural Products
Authors: Magauer Thomas , Sokol Kevin Rafael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe construction of oxepin and dihydrooxepin containing natural products represents a challenging task in total synthesis. In the last decades, a variety of synthetic methods have been reported for the installation of these structural motifs. Herein, we provide an overview of synthetic methods and strategies to construct these motifs in the context of natural product synthesis and highlight the key steps of each example.1	Introduction2	Oxepin Natural Products3	Dihydrooxepin Natural Products3	Brønsted or Lewis acid Catalyzed Cyclization3.2	Radical Cyclization3.3	Substitution and Addition Cyclization3.4	Sigmatropic Rearrangement3.5	Oxidative Methods3.6	Transition Metal Catalyzed Cyclization4	Summary
Perilesional Gliosis Is Associated with Outcome after Perinatal Stroke
Authors: Yu Sabrina , Lam Charissa , Shinde Siddharth , Kuczynski Andrea M. , Carlson Helen L. , Dukelow Sean P. , Brooks Brian L. , Kirton Adam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerinatal ischemic stroke results in focal brain injury and life-long disability. Hemiplegic cerebral palsy and additional sequelae are common. With no prevention strategies, improving outcomes depends on understanding brain development. Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of brain injury that has been associated with outcomes but is unstudied in perinatal stroke. In this article, we hypothesized that gliosis was quantifiable and its extent would inversely correlate with clinical motor function. This was a population-based, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Children with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) or periventricular venous infarction (PVI) with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were included. An image thresholding technique based on image intensity was utilized to quantify the degree of chronic gliosis on T2-weighted sequences. Gliosis scores were corrected for infarct volume and compared with the Assisting Hand and Melbourne Assessments (AHA and MA), neuropsychological profiles, and robotic measures. In total, 42 children were included: 25 with AIS and 17 with PVI (median = 14.0 years, range: 6.3–19 years, 63% males). Gliosis was quantifiable in all scans and scores were highly reliable. Gliosis scores as percentage of brain volume ranged from 0.3 to 3.2% and were comparable between stroke types. Higher gliosis scores were associated with better motor function for all three outcomes in the AIS group, but no association was observed for PVI. Gliosis can be objectively quantified in children with perinatal stroke. Associations with motor outcome in arterial but not venous strokes suggest differing glial responses may play a role in tissue remodeling and developmental plasticity following early focal brain injury.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Protein Z-Dependent Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Razanakolona Mahita , Adam Frédéric , Bianchini Elsa , Saller François , Carvalho Allan de , Diehl Jean-Luc , Denis Cécile V. , Meziani Ferhat , Borgel Delphine , Helms Julie , Vasse Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe protein Z (PZ)-dependent plasma protease inhibitor (ZPI) is a glycoprotein that inhibits factor XIa and, in the presence of PZ, FXa. Recently, ZPI has been shown to be an acute-phase protein (APP). As usually APPs downregulate the harmful effects of inflammation, we tested whether ZPI could modulate the increase of cytokines observed in inflammatory states. We observed that recombinant human ZPI (rhZPI) significantly decreases the levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a whole blood model. This inhibitory effect was unaffected by the presence of PZ or heparin. A ZPI mutant within the reactive loop center ZPI (Y387A), lacking anticoagulant activity, still had an anti-inflammatory activity. Surprisingly, rhZPI did not inhibit the synthesis of IL-6 or TNF-α when purified monocytes were stimulated by LPS, whereas the inhibitory effect was evidenced when lymphocytes were added to monocytes. The requirement of lymphocytes could be due to the synthesis of CCL5 (RANTES), a chemokine mainly produced by activated lymphocytes which is induced by rhZPI, and which can reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines in whole blood. Lastly, we observed that the intraperitoneal injection of rhZPI significantly decreased LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production in mouse plasma.
The Pattern of Anosmia in Non-hospitalized Patients in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Elsherief Hossam , Amer Mohmed , Abdel-Hamid Ahmed S. , El-Deeb Mohamed E. , Negm Ahmed , Elzayat Saad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction It is now evident that the loss of smell and/or taste may be consistent accompanying symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Objective To estimate the social behavior of recent anosmic non-hospitalized patients in the COVID-19 pandemic and to try to obtain the natural pattern in society in a cross-sectional study.
Methods A cross-sectional study conducted on 4,860 patients with anosmia complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients who needed a consultation for an anosmia complaint confirmed that they had completed the survey regarding age, gender, history of general diseases, history of nasal disease, associated COVID-19 symptoms, smoking, blood group, and risk factors.
Results A total of 4,860 patients with a mean age of 34.26 ± 11.91 years completed the study. There was a predominance of female patients: 3,150 (58.9%). Most patients (4,083 patients; 83%) developed sudden anosmia. In 85% (4131 patients) of the patients, a previous history of contact with anosmic patients was present. The most prevalent blood group was O (39%). In total, 67.4% of the patients underwent medical treatment. A history of unusual influenza attacks in December 2020 was reported by by 27% (1312 patients) of the patients.
Conclusion Despite large diversity of behaviors among anosmic patients in the COVID-19 pandemic, we can observe a great similarity in the pattern of anosmia in non-hospitalized patients, especially in the way it spreads, the predisposing factors, and the individual recovery.
Effect of Retinal Injury Induced by Laser Photocoagulation on Visuospatial Memory in Mouse Model
Authors: Mehra Priya , Bali Parul , Singh Jagtar , Saha Pradip Kumar , Anand Akshay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Visual pathway reveals the connection between neuronal activity of the brain and eye. The neural networks of brain amplify the retinal signals resulting in the formation of visual image. The laser injury in the retina may affect the visual pathway and may lead to disruption of neuronal signals/activity. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of retinal injury induced by laser on cognitive abilities in laser-induced mouse model. We have established laser model to understand the relation between retina and brain by disrupting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer and evaluate the effect of laser-induced retinal injury on visuospatial memory. Age- and sex-matched C57BL/6J male mice were taken for conducting the experiments. The laser model was established by using laser photocoagulator to disrupt the RPE layer of the retina. After defined irradiation of laser onto mouse retina, the fundus fluorescein angiography was performed to confirm the laser spots. The visuospatial and short-term memory was performed using neurobehavioral test, that is, Morris water maze (MWM), and passive avoidance, respectively. In MWM experiment, results showed that escape latency time, which was taken by healthy and laser-injured mice was comparable. This was further validated by another neurobehavioral analysis, that is, passive avoidance that showed nonsignificant difference between these two groups using independent t-test. Visuospatial memory may not be affected by retinal injury induced by laser photocoagulation. It may depend on the power of the laser and duration of the laser. The severe injury in the retina such as optic nerve damage may cause dysfunctioning of visual pathway.
Analysis of MYO1H Gene Polymorphism in Skeletal Class-III Malocclusion Due to Mandibular Prognathism
Authors: Atteeri Anjana , Neela Praveen Kumar , Mamillapalli Pavan Kumar , Sesham Vasu M. , Keesara Sreekanth , Chandra Jaya , Monica Udayini , Mohan Vasavi , Miryala Shubhangi , Khan Fatema A. , Makthal Priyanka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a craniofacial deformity resulting from the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors. Although various linkage and genome-wide association studies for mandibular prognathism have identified multiple strongly associated regions and genes, the causal genes and variants responsible for the deformity remained ambiguous.
Aim This research work was aimed to study the association between polymorphism rs10850110 of the MYO1H gene and skeletal class-III malocclusion in our local population.
Materials and Methods Thirty patients with skeletal class III due to mandibular prognathism in the study group and 30 patients with skeletal class I in the control group were selected for this study. These patients were from both sexes and above age 10 years. Based on the cephalometric values, patients were categorized into study and control groups. SNB (angle between sella, nasion and point B at nasion) greater than 82 degrees with an ANB (angle between point A, nasion and point B at nasion) of less than 0 degrees in the study group and ANB (angle between point A, nasion and point B at nasion) of 2 to 4 degrees in the control group were categorized. The polymorphism (rs10850110) of the MYO1H gene was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Associations were tested with SNP exact test using SNPstats software.
Results The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10850110 showed a statistically significant association with mandibular prognathism. The G allele of marker rs10850110 (5′ of myosin1H - MYO1H) was overrepresented when compared with the “A” allele in mandibular prognathism cases (p < 0.0001), and this was very significant.
Conclusion These results suggest that the rs10850110 polymorphism of the MYO1H gene is associated with an increased risk for mandibular prognathism.