bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards new soil water flow equations using physics‐constrained machine learning
Authors: Ghorbani Asghar , Sadeghi Morteza , Jones Scott B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Richardson–Richards equation (RRE) is a widely used partial differential equation (PDE) for modeling moisture dynamics in unsaturated soil. However, field soil moisture observations do not always satisfy RRE. In this paper, we introduce a new physically constrained machine learning (PCML) approach to derive governing soil water flow PDE directly from moisture observations. This paper is viewed as a feasibility study and reports results of our first attempt in developing the PCML approach. Here, we rely on noisy synthetic soil moisture data obtained from the linear RRE subject to real flux boundary conditions. The linear RRE was used as a reference PDE to check the PCML‐derived PDEs, where the PCML performance was shown to be highly dependent upon the sample size in time and space. Results presented here confirm the feasibility of deriving soil water flow governing PDEs directly from soil moisture observations using PCML.
Deferred defect‐correction finite element method for the Darcy‐Brinkman model
Authors: Zeng Yunhua , Huang Pengzhan , He Yinnian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a deferred defect‐correction method for the time‐dependent nonlinear Darcy‐Brinkman model based on the mixed finite element method. The presented method combines the deferred correction strategy with the defect‐correction method and involves two steps. In the first step, a defect Darcy‐Brinkman model is solved. Then in the second step, a correction Darcy‐Brinkman model based on the deferred correction approach is solved. Moreover, unconditional stability and convergence of the presented method are deduced. Finally, several numerical examples are given to support the theoretical analysis.
Insights into Lewy body disease from rare neurometabolic disorders
Authors: Erskine Daniel , Attems Johannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProfessor Kurt Jellinger is well known for his seminal work on the neuropathology of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Lewy body diseases. However, it is less well known that he also contributed important insights into the neuropathological features of several paediatric neurometabolic diseases, including Alpers–Huttenlocher syndrome, a syndrome of mitochondrial disease caused by POLG mutations, and infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, a phenotype resulting from PLA2G6 mutations. Despite these rare diseases occurring in early life, they share many important pathological overlaps with age-associated Lewy body disease, particularly dysregulation of α-synuclein. In this review, we describe several neurometabolic diseases linked to Lewy body disease mechanisms, and discuss the wider context to pathological overlaps between neurometabolic and Lewy body diseases. In particular, we will focus on how understanding disease mechanisms in neurometabolic disorders with dysregulated α-synuclein may generate insights into predisposing factors for α-synuclein aggregation in idiopathic Lewy body diseases.
Financial Stability Is Easier to Green Than Monetary Policy
Authors: Pfister Christian , Valla Natacha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the face of mounting evidence of global warming, which is an irreversible process, central banks, as other policymakers, have to play their part. They need to consider climate risks not only in their internal management, but also when they devise their strategies, conduct their policies and implement their decisions. This article examines the possible impacts of climate risks on the two main variables of interest for monetary policy, economic growth and inflationary pressures. On that basis, it infers the potential consequences for the objective of monetary policy, its conduct and its implementation.
Cs-smooth isogeometric spline spaces over planar bilinear multi-patch parameterizations
Authors: Kapl Mario , Vitrih Vito 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe design of globallyCs-smooth (s≥ 1) isogeometric spline spaces over multi-patch geometries with possibly extraordinary vertices, i.e. vertices with valencies different from four, is a current and challenging topic of research in the framework of isogeometric analysis. In this work, we extend the recent methods Kapl et al. Comput. Aided Geom. Des.52–53:75–89, 2017, Kapl et al. Comput. Aided Geom. Des.69:55–75, 2019 and Kapl and Vitrih J. Comput. Appl. Math.335:289–311, 2018, Kapl and Vitrih J. Comput. Appl. Math.358:385–404, 2019 and Kapl and Vitrih Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg.360:112684, 2020 for the construction ofC1-smooth andC2-smooth isogeometric spline spaces over particular planar multi-patch geometries to the case ofCs-smooth isogeometric multi-patch spline spaces of degreep, inner regularityrand of a smoothnesss≥ 1, withp≥ 2s+ 1 ands≤r≤p−s− 1. More precisely, we study fors≥ 1 the space ofCs-smooth isogeometric spline functions defined on planar, bilinearly parameterized multi-patch domains, and generate a particularCs-smooth subspace of the entireCs-smooth isogeometric multi-patch spline space. We further present the construction of a basis for thisCs-smooth subspace, which consists of simple and locally supported functions. Moreover, we use theCs-smooth spline functions to performL2approximation on bilinearly parameterized multi-patch domains, where the obtained numerical results indicate an optimal approximation power of the constructedCs-smooth subspace.
Integrating beef cattle on cropland affects net global warming potential
Authors: Liebig M. A. , Faust D. R. , Archer D. W. , Christensen R. G. , Kronberg S. L. , Hendrickson J. R. , Lee J. H. , Tanaka D. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent interest in integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems has prompted numerous investigations to quantify ecosystem service tradeoffs associated with management. However, few investigations have quantified ICL management effects on net global warming potential (GWP), particularly in semiarid regions. Therefore, we determined net GWP for grazed and ungrazed cropland in a long-term ICL study near Mandan, ND USA. Factors evaluated for their contribution to net GWP included carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with production inputs and field operations, methane (CH4) emissions from enteric fermentation by beef cattle, change in soil carbon stocks, and soil-atmosphere CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. Net GWP was significantly greater for grazed cropland (946 kg CO2equiv. ha-1 yr-1) compared to ungrazed cropland (200 kg CO2equiv. ha-1 yr-1) (P=0.0331). The difference in net GWP between treatments was largely driven by emissions from enteric fermentation (602 kg CO2equiv. ha-1 yr-1). Among other contributing factors, CO2 emissions associated with seed production and field operations were lower under ungrazed cropland (P = 0.0015 and 0.0135, respectively), while soil CH4 uptake was greater under grazed cropland (P = 0.0102). Soil-atmosphere N2O flux from each system negated nearly all the CO2equiv. sink capacity accrued from soil carbon stock change. As both production systems resulted in net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere, novel practices that constrain GHG sources and boost GHG sinks under semiarid conditions are recommended.
The Law Challenged and the Critique of Identity with Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Petrilli Susan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIdentity as traditionally conceived in mainstream Western thought is focused on theory, representation, knowledge, subjectivity and is centrally important in the works of Emmanuel Levinas. His critique of Western culture and corresponding notion of identity at its foundations typically raises the question of the other. Alterity in Levinas indicates existence of something on its own account, in itself independently of the subject’s will or consciousness. The objectivity of alterity tells of the impossible evasion of signs from their destiny, which is the other. The implications involved in reading the signs of the other have contributed to reorienting semiotics in the direction of semioethics. In Levinas, the I-other relation is not reducible to abstract cognitive terms, to intellectual synthesis, to the subject-object relation, but rather tells of involvement among singularities whose distinctive feature is alterity, absolute alterity. Humanism of the other is a pivotal concept in Levinas overturning the sense of Western reason. It asserts human duties over human rights. Humanism of alterity privileges encounter with the other, responsibility for the other, over tendencies of the centripetal and egocentric orders that instead exclude the other. Responsibility allows for neither rest nor peace. The “properly human” is given in the capacity for absolute otherness, unlimited responsibility, dialogical intercorporeity among differences non-indifferent to each other, it tells of the condition of vulnerability before the other, exposition to the other. The State and its laws limit responsibility for the other. Levinas signals an essential contradiction between the primordial ethical orientation and the legal order. Justice involves comparing incomparables, comparison among singularities outside identity. Consequently, justice places limitations on responsibility, on unlimited responsibility which at the same time it presupposes as its very condition of possibility. The present essay is structured around the following themes: (1) Premiss; (2) Justice, uniqueness, and love; (3) Sign and language; (4) Dialogue and alterity; (5) Semiotic materiality; (6) Globalization and the trap of identity; (7) Human rights and rights of the other: for a new humanism; (8) Ethics; (9) The World; (10) Outside the subject; (11) Responsibility and Substitution; (12) The face; (13) Fear of the other; (14) Alterity and justice; (15) Justice and proximity; (16) Literary writing; (17) Unjust justice; (18) Caring for the other.
Three Ways of Being Non-Material
Authors: Crupi Vincenzo , Iacona Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a probabilistic analysis of conditionals which hinges on a quantitative measure of evidential support. In order to spell out the interpretation of ‘if’ suggested, we will compare it with two more familiar interpretations, the suppositional interpretation and the strict interpretation, within a formal framework which rests on fairly uncontroversial assumptions. As it will emerge, each of the three interpretations considered exhibits specific logical features that deserve separate consideration.
Stalagmites: from Science Application to Museumization
Authors: Columbu Andrea , Calabrò Laura , Chiarini Veronica , De Waele Jo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe concept of geoheritage is related to places of geological interest, generally of aesthetic, cultural, socio-economic and/or scientific value. Many geosites are of karstic nature, because of their intrinsic beauty, their singularity and high geodiversity. Caves are among the most visited and economically exploited geological landforms. They constitute geosites as a whole, with their scenic landscapes, hydrogeological importance and the presence of bewildering natural rock and mineral formations including stalactites, stalagmites, flowstones and many other bizarre speleothem shapes. In some cases, a single speleothem, and the palaeoclimate record it contains, can be on its own of extraordinary importance to science. Once studied, these samples are often stored in research institution collections, rarely accessible to the wide public. In this paper, we report on the museumization of a stalagmite that has delivered a unique and exceptionally long glacial climate record from southern Italy, shedding light on the causes that led to the Neanderthal contraction and Modern Human expansion in this mild Mediterranean climate between 45 and 42 thousands years ago. The proposed museumization aims to demonstrate the potential of speleothems, after scientific application, in terms of educational and tourist resources. This approach allows to highlight the scientific importance of karst and cave geosites to the wide public, promoting their conservation and the valorisation of the studied cave-material.
Participation of paediatric patients in primary dental care before and after a dental general anaesthetic
Authors: Large J. F. , Keightley A. J. , Busuttil-Naudi A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this retrospective study is to determine children’s attendance and
experience of preventative interventions and operative treatment (restorations and
extractions) with their primary care dentist (PCD) in the 12 months before and after
their caries management under dental general anaesthetic (DGA).

Methods

A record of all children who had an elective DGA in 2016 across two hospital sites was
retrospectively obtained (n = 1308). A representative sample of 300 was randomly
selected encompassing 114 dental practices. An online questionnaire to the children’s
PCDs collated quantitative and qualitative data regarding participation in the pre- and
post-DGA period.

Results
Data was collated and analysed for 80 children (mean age: 6 years 10 months
[SD = 2.49; range: 2 years 1 month – 14 years 3 months]; equal sex distribution) with 43
responding PCDs. Attendance for examination declined significantly from 85% (n = 68)
pre-DGA to 57.5% (n = 46) post-DGA (p ≤ 0.001). Attendance at emergency
appointments pre-DGA was high (33.75% [n = 27]); a significant reduction post-DGA
was recorded (p ≤ 0.001). Over one third of children (37.5% [n = 30]) did not receive
any form of preventative intervention over 24 months. A non-significant reduction in the
provision of operative treatment was observed post-DGA (p = 0.06 [fill, primary]; p = 0.78
[fill, permanent]; p = 0.66 [ext, primary]). No statistical difference between age and
treatment experience was found. Qualitative analysis revealed challenges in providing
care included behavioural difficulties and poor attendance.

Conclusion

Improvements are required in strategies employed to support high caries risk children
pre- and post-DGA to facilitate a higher incidence of attendance and preventative
intervention with PCDs.
Electrocardiographic parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy and prediction of mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Braunisch Matthias C. , Gundel Peter , Werfel Stanislas , Mayer Christopher C. , Bauer Axel , Haller Bernhard , Günthner Roman , Lorenz Georg , Angermann Susanne , Matschkal Julia , Schaller Carolin , Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Kemmner Stephan , Mann Johannes , Krieter Axel , Renders Lutz , Wassertheurer Siegfried , Schmidt Georg , Heemann Uwe , Malik Marek , Schmaderer Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
In hemodialysis patients, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) contributes to high cardiovascular mortality. We examined cardiovascular mortality prediction by the recently proposed Peguero-Lo Presti voltage since it identifies more patients with electrocardiographic (ECG) LVH than Cornell or Sokolow-Lyon voltages.

Methods
A total of 308 patients on hemodialysis underwent 24 h ECG recordings. LVH parameters were measured before and after dialysis. The primary endpoint of cardiovascular mortality was recorded during a median 3-year follow up. Risk prediction was assessed by Cox regression, both unadjusted and adjusted for the Charlson Comorbidity Index and the Cardiovascular Mortality Risk Score.

Results
The Peguero-Lo Presti voltage identified with 21% the most patients with positive LVH criteria. All voltages significantly increased during dialysis. Factors such as ultrafiltration rate, Kt/V, body mass index, sex, and phosphate were the most relevant for these changes. During follow-up, 26 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Post-dialysis Peguero-Lo Presti cut-off as well as the Peguero-Lo Presti and Cornell voltages were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality in unadjusted and adjusted analysis. The Sokolow-Lyon voltage was not significantly associated with mortality. An optimal cut-off for the prediction of cardiovascular mortality was estimated at 1.38 mV for the Peguero-Lo Presti.

Conclusions
The post-dialysis Peguero-Lo Presti cut-off as well as the Peguero-Lo Presti and Cornell voltages allowed independent risk prediction of cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients. Measuring the ECG LVH parameters after dialysis might allow a standardized interpretation as dialysis-specific factors influence the voltages.

Graphical abstract
Integrals of Special Functions and Umbral Methods
Authors: Dattoli G. , Germano B. , Licciardi S. , Martinelli M. R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe derive integrals of combination of Gauss and Bessel functions, by the use of umbral techniques. We show that the method allows the possibility of pursuing new and apparently fruitful avenues in the theory of special functions, displaying interesting links with the theory and the formalism of integral transforms.
Screening of sugar beet pre-breeding populations and breeding lines for resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci penetration and reproduction
Authors: Storelli Alan , Minder Alexandra , Keiser Andreas , Kiewnick Sebastian , Daub Matthias , Mahlein Anne-Katrin , Schumann Mario , Beyer Werner 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDitylenchus dipsaci is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode affecting European sugar beets. To date, no sugar beet cultivars carrying resistance against D. dipsaci are available to farmers. To find potentially resistant sugar beet lines restricting reproduction and penetration of D. dipsaci, three consecutive in vivo bioassays were carried out. The first experiment determined the penetration rate of D. dipsaci in 79 breeding lines and 14 pre-breeding populations. Based on these results, D. dipsaci penetration and reproduction resistance of eight genotypes was intensively investigated. It could be demonstrated that none of the genotypes showed resistance towards D. dipsaci. However, a high variation of the penetration rate by D. dipsaci was observed among the genotypes. The breeding line ‘DIT_119’ effectively reduced D. dipsaci penetration (34.4 ± 8.8 nematodes/plant at 22 days post-planting) compared to the susceptible control (109.0 ± 16.9) while ensuring a yield comparable to non-inoculated plants. However, the breeding line ‘DIT_119’ did not reduce D. dipsaci reproduction. The paternal line of the cultivar BERETTA KWS, demonstrating a high tolerance to D. dipsaci crown rot symptoms, did not reduce penetration and reproduction. Thus, no correlation can be established between reduced penetration rates, reproduction, and tolerance to D. dipsaci. This study provides an essential basis for the development of resistant sugar beet cultivars to D. dipsaci. The variations observed among genotypes now need to be confirmed with larger-scale screenings.
Educating the energy informatics specialist: opportunities and challenges in light of research and industrial trends
Authors: Bordin Chiara , Mishra Sambeet , Safari Amir , Eliassen Frank 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Contemporary energy research is becoming more interdisciplinary through the involvement of technical, economic, and social aspects that must be addressed simultaneously. Within such interdisciplinary energy research, the novel domain of energy informatics plays an important role, as it involves different disciplines addressing the socio-techno-economic challenges of sustainable energy and power systems in a holistic manner. The objective of this paper is to draw an overview of the novel domain of energy informatics by addressing the educational opportunities as well as related challenges in light of current trends and the future direction of research and industrial innovation. In this study we discuss the energy informatics domain in a way that goes beyond a purely scientific research perspective. This paper widens the analyses by including reflections on current and future didactic approaches with industrial innovation and research as a background. This paper provides key recommendations for the content of a foundational introductory energy informatics course, as well as suggestions on distinguishing features to be addressed through more specialized courses in the field. The importance of this work is based on the need for better guidelines for a more appropriate education of a new generation of experts who can take on the novel interdisciplinary challenges present in future integrated, sustainable energy systems.

Article highlights

Didactic approaches in the energy informatics domain are discussed based on research and industrial trends.

Research trends and industrial innovation driven by energy informatics are investigated.

A fundamental framework for an energy informatics course is defined together with specialized distinguishing features.
Development and performance evaluation of a Pedal Operated Seed Cleaner (POS-Cleaner)
Authors: Akatuhurira Wilber , Tumutegyereize Peter , Oluk Isaac , Baidhe Emmanuel , Kigozi Julia , Mayanja Ismael , Kivumbi Hussein Balimunsi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTraditional grain cleaning methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and yet very inefficient. The use of available mechanical seed cleaners is widely limited since they are expensive to own, operate, and maintain. A Pedal Operated Seed Cleaner (PoS-Cleaner) was developed and its performance evaluated. Appropriate engineering principles and methodologies were used in the sizing and construction of the machine. The cleaner consists of a bicycle-like pedaling system, hopper, a centrifugal fan, and three cleaning sieves which include two inside interlocking sieves (one sieve fixed and the other adjustable); whose meshes can be adjusted to be larger than the size of the unclean seeds by longitudinally translating the second sieve to achieve the appropriate seed size. This allows trapping of impurities larger than the seeds. Cleaning rates of 576.5 kg/h, 375.8 kg/h, and 377.4 kg/h for maize, beans, and groundnuts were obtained respectively. Maize, beans, and groundnuts had their highest cleaning efficiencies of 95.09%, 87.61%, and 81.67% at inner sieve sizes of 13 mm, 16 mm and 10 mm respectively, pedaling speed of 60 rpm. The PoS-Cleaner presents a more viable cleaning option for smallholder farmers in rural and remote areas with no access to the national grid, therefore producing high-quality seeds. This will eventually facilitate agricultural value addition and increase individual family incomes in Uganda.Article highlightsA pedal operated multi-seed cleaner was developed.Achieved 5 times higher seed cleaning rates compared to traditional cleaning technologies.Attained higher separation efficiencies of seed and externalities compared to traditional technologies.