bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gap between Expectations and Reality of Exercise‐Induced Weight Loss Is Associated with Discouragement
Authors: Kyle Theodore , Thomas Diana 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundExercise interventions result in modest weight loss, yet exercise is frequently prescribed for weight loss. The relationship between exercise expectations and persistence is unknown.PurposeTo determine predictors of individuals more likely to be discouraged when exercise does not cause weight loss.MethodsRepresentative samples of 3,509 U.S. adults were recruited in Aug‐Oct 2014 for anonymous, voluntary online surveys. Respondents were asked about beliefs regarding exercise and weight loss and their perceived weight status. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed in JMP® Pro 11.0.0 (2013, Cary, NC) considering input variables of age, gender, income, perceived weight status (WS), belief that exercise is a very effective way to lose weight (BE), and response time. A second ANOVA tested interaction terms between WS, BE, age, and gender.ResultsBE was common (73% of respondents). The linear model adjusted R2 was 0.06. Stronger BE (p<0.001) and higher WS (p=0.04) positively predicted discouragement with exercise. Longer response time was also a significant predictor (p=0.05). Being female had borderline significance for higher discouragement (p=0.06). The second model resulted in an adjusted R2 of 0.11 and the WS‐BE interaction term was a significant positive predictor of discouragement (p=0.01).ConclusionsIndividuals with higher WS and BE are more likely to become discouraged when exercise does not lead to satisfactory weight loss. Prescribing exercise for weight loss might contribute to expectations associated with discouragement about exercise. Future studies should evaluate ways to set expectations that will lead to more persistent exercise.
High Fructose Corn Syrup and Sucrose do not Differ in Their Effects on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Choo Vivian , Ha Vanessa , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Kendall Cyril , de Souza Russell , Jenkins David , Sievenpiper John 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIncreased consumption of fructose‐containing sugars has been implicated in the development of obesity, diabetes and their cardiometabolic complications. HFCS has come under particular scrutiny more than sucrose due to its higher ratio of fructose to glucose.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of HFCS and sucrose on cardiometabolic risk factors, we conducted a series of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of controlled trials lasting 蠅7 days.Data SourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library (through February 27, 2014).Data ExtractionTwo independent reviewers extracted data from eligible trials. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.Data SynthesisEligibility criteria were met by 7 randomized controlled trials (n=659) comparing the effects of HFCS versus sucrose over a wide dose range (8‐30% total energy) and median follow‐up of 10 weeks (range, 10‐12 weeks) on various cardiometabolic endpoints: body weight, measures of adiposity, serum lipids, blood pressure, glycemic control, uric acid and inflammation. Sucrose and HFCS did not differ in their effects across all cardiometabolic endpoints (P>0.05).ConclusionPooled analyses show that HFCS and sucrose in isocaloric comparisons behave similarly in their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. To inform public policy further, there is a need for high quality trials focusing on the effects of ad libitum substitution of HFCS or sucrose with other sources of calories likely to replace them under ‘real world’ conditions.
Anti‐obesity Activity of Black Rice with Giant Embryo in ob/ob Mice
Authors: Lee Yoon‐Mi , Han Sang‐Ik , Won Yu‐Jin , Song Byeng Chun , Kim Si‐Kwan , Yeum Kyung‐Jin 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is closely related to metabolic disorder such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Male C57BL/6J‐ob/ob mice (n=55) and littermate (C57BL‐6J, n=45) were randomly assigned to black rice with giant embryo, white rice or AIN‐93G (Control) and were pair‐fed for 14 weeks. Body weight and blood glucose were measured throughout the study period, and body fats at the end of the study (n=5, each group). Body fats were determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, blood pressure by a non‐invasive tail‐cuff method, and blood glucose from the tail vein. Body weights of ob/ob mice were significantly higher than the littermates as expected. There was no difference in body weight among the three groups of ob/ob mice. On the other hand, body fat of black rice with giant embryo‐fed ob/ob mice were significantly lower than those of control‐ (p<0.05) as well as white rice‐fed ob/ob mice (p<0.01). Fasting blood glucose tends to be lower in black rice with giant embryo‐fed ob/ob mice than those of control‐ and white rice‐fed ob/ob mice. In addition, the liver weights of black rice with giant embryo‐fed ob/ob mice were significantly lower than those of control‐ (p<0.001), and white rice‐fed ob/ob mice (p<0.05). Our study suggests biological functions of black rice with giant embryo against obesity and related metabolic disorder in mice.Supported by Rural Development Administration (PJ010059), Republic of Korea.
Improvement of Alimentary Menú of Therapeutic Diets of Patients from Hospital de Psiquiatría ¨Dr. Samuel Ramírez Moreno¨
Authors: Garcia Canchola Lourdes Adriana , Jimenez Zamarripa Carlos Alberto , Onofre Mendoza Nayely , Altamirano Librado Luis A , Rivera Llano Aidee , Rivera Garcia Carlos 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionFrequently the preparation of menus have high proportions of fat and sugar associated to more elevated calories than fresh foods.As a whole, scientific evidence shows that are not specific dietary components that cause the problems, but their contribution to energy density, reduce the risks of being overweight or obese, a fact that has relevance in the hospital as psychiatric patients.ObjectiveModify menus that contain high energy density, reducing the total caloric content of the diet, without this impacting on the assessment of the menus.MetodologyWe reviewed a total of 248 menus normal diets, soft, low‐sodium, low‐fat, diabetic and reduction, high fiber, high calorie and high protein and pap, menus with high energetic density were modified by others with lower density.ResultsA retrospective analysis of weight and fat percentage showed that while they were in the average weight, percent fat was gradually increasing.Regarding the analysis of the energy density was found that this was high and designing new menus, reducing calories menu was statistically significant, of 3044kcal± 422kcal to 2586± 340kcal, this for standard diet .As for high calorie and high protein, efforts were made to not exceed 10%.ConclusionsWith the implementation of these menus is to decrease consumption of fat and sugar without impact on satiety of patients have, considering BMI and percent fat will be followed to observe the impact of this study.
imageReduction of calories in the menus.
imageReduction for each type dietary.
Serum Biomarkers of Dietary Fatty Acids are Associated with Abdominal Obesity Measures in a Large Population‐based Cohort of Men and Women.
Authors: Alsharari Zayed , Marklund Matti , Hellénius Mai‐Lis , Laguzzi Federica , Gigante Bruna , Leander Karen , Sjögren Per , Cederholm Tommy , de Faire Ulf , Risérus Ulf 
Published: June 2021

Recent feeding trials suggest that the major saturated fatty acid (FA) Palmitic acid (PA, 16:0) and the major polyunsaturated FA linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6) has diverse effects on abdominal fat accumulation, suggesting a beneficial role of LA on fat deposition.ObjectiveTo investigate associations between these FAs assessed in serum cholesterol esters (CE) and anthropometric measures of abdominal obesity.MethodsLA and PA were measured by gas chromatography in serum CE. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist circumference (WC), and waist‐hip ratio (WHR) were assessed by anthropometry in a population‐based cross‐sectional study of 3965 (1920 men and 2045 women) 60‐year old participants living in Stockholm county, Sweden.ResultsPA was positively correlated with SAD, WC, and WHR in men (r= 0.15, 0.16, and 0.14, respectively; all p ˂0.001), whereas inverse correlations were observed for LA in both men (r= ‐0.23, ‐0.22, and ‐0.22, respectively; p ˂0.001) and women (r= ‐0.15, ‐0.18, and ‐0.18, respectively; p ˂0.001).Overall, these associations remained after adjusting for lifestyle factors.ConclusionsLinoleic Acid was consistently inversely associated with all abdominal obesity measures in both men and women. Palmitic Acid showed positive correlations in men only. These findings support recent interventional data suggesting that a higher relative intake of dietary LA from vegetable oils is associated with decreased abdominal adiposity.
Possible in vitro Artefacts Associated with the Collection and Processing of Blood for Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Analysis
Authors: O'Reilly Erin , Laidlaw Maggie , Butt Rodney , Keene Katie 
Published: June 2021

The major trial objective of this experiment is to determine whether differences in the collection and processing of anticoagulated whole blood for plasma omega‐3 fatty acid analysis creates in vitro artefacts that may affect results obtained. Previous research has highlighted effects of variables of blood collection, processing and storage on results obtained for total plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the omega‐3 fatty acids of significant interest in cardiovascular health and optimal brain function. While some authors have reported in vitro blood processing artefacts, none have systematically evaluated the combined effects of the key variables associated with collection, processing and storage on the bioanalytic results.Methods: Five subjects will participate, and the following criteria for blood collection will be assessed: 1. Anticoagulant used: K2EDTA, K3EDTA, Na heparin.2. Type of vacutainer: glass or plastic.3. Tourniquet or no tourniquet.4. Temperature prior to centrifugation: 4°C or room temperature.5. Time that has passed prior to centrifugation: 0‐10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours.6. Centrifuge temperature: 4°C or room temperature.7. Storage temperature: short‐term at 4°C then longer‐term at ‐20°C or ‐80°C.8. Storage time: days or weeks.Plasma samples obtained under these varying conditions will be analysed for total levels of EPA and DHA, and results will be compared for differences.It is expected that this study will highlight optimum conditions for the collection, processing and storage of plasma samples for measurement of total EPA and DHA levels.Research Support: Industrial Research Assistance Program (Canada) and Nutrasource Diagnostics Inc.
Dietary Fat Quality and Lipophilic Index among Mexican‐American Adults with and without Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Arias‐Gastelum Mayra , Lichtenstein Alice , Matthan Nirupa , Vega‐Lopez Sonia 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess dietary and red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids (FA) and estimate the Lipophilic Index (LI), a novel index of FA fluidity, among Mexican‐American adults with and without Metabolic Syndrome (MS).MethodsFasting blood samples were collected from 75 Mexican‐American adults (65% female; 29% with MS; 38±9 years; BMI=29±5 kg/m2) for the measurement of plasma glucose, serum lipids and RBC FA profiles. Dietary intake was estimated using the Southwest Food Frequency Questionnaire and MS status was determined using NCEP ATP III criteria. LI was calculated as the sum of the products of the proportion of FA and melting points (°C) of each FA, divided by the sum of all FA.ResultsThe LI was positively correlated with serum triglyceride concentrations in all subjects, regardless of MS status (r=0.263, p=0.023). Participants reported consuming 29.8±19.2 g/d, 35.2±22.2 g/d, 17.5±11.6 g/d and 1.5±1.2 g/d of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans FA, respectively. In contrast, FA levels in RBC were 42.5±2.3 mol %; 18.7±2.3 mol %; 38.0±2.6 mol % and 1.4±0.4 mol % for saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans FA, respectively. The LI was significantly higher among MS participants relative to those without MS (25.5±1.2 vs 24.7±1.0, p=0.007). There were no significant differences in dietary or RBC FA by MS status.ConclusionParticipants with MS had a greater LI but further studies with larger samples are required to assess whether LI is a better biomarker than either dietary or RBC FA, for CVD risk prediction in this population.
Long‐term Health Related Quality of Life Outcomes of Patients who have undergone Bariatric Surgery with the Biliary Pancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch
Authors: Nirmalraj Maya , Khandalavala Birgit 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundOf the different procedures used for bariatric surgery, BPD/DS is the most uncommon and has been associated with the longest durable weight loss with significant improvement in obesity‐related comorbidities. Improvement in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is of paramount importance and an essential metric to evaluate additional outcomes. Previous studies have shown significant improvement following BPD/DS for up to 5 years after surgery.Methods: We studied HRQoL in 27 patients who have had BPD/DS at an academic medical center over a period of 19 years. This study had utilized the validated SF‐36 survey and concluded that for most patients, surgery improved their HRQoL.Results: Of the 27 respondents who had BPD/DS surgery, 77.8% were female, and 96.3% were White.

Sex
#
%

Female
21
77.8

Male
6
22.2

Race

White
26
96.3

Black
1
3.7

Mean
SD

Age at Surgery
44.33
8.9

Pre‐Operative BMI
48.89
11.5

Time Lapse Since Surgery (Years)
12.3
0.6

Weight Loss (Kilograms)
41.90
30.4

Their average age at the time of surgery was 44.3 years (SD=8.9), their average pre‐surgery BMI was 48.9 (SD=11.5) and their average time since surgery was 12.3 years (SD=0.6). Mean SF‐36 scores are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: SF‐36 Scores
Mean
SD

Physical Component Score (PCS)
47.677
12.5408

Mental Component Scores (MCS)
48.308
12.0977

General Health
63.52
27.694

Physical Functioning
71.67
28.723

Role limitations due to physical health
62.04
43.506

Energy/Fatigue
53.08
28.812

Pain
72.5
24.789

Emotional well‐being
72.31
20.612

Role limitations due to emotional health
70.37
42.701

Social Functioning
79.81
20.334

ConclusionIn summary, our study was comprised of patients in the US who had undergone BPD/DS. Both, their physical and mental scores were close to the population norm.
Pregnancy Body Weight and Neonate Gut Microbiota
Authors: Mueller Noel , Goldani Helena , Pizoni Aline , Matte Ursula , Werlang Isabel , Goldani Marcelo , Shin Hakdong , Dominguez‐Bello Maria 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBabies born to overweight/obese (OWOB) moms have elevated obesity risk. A study using culture‐based methods suggested this may be due to neonates' acquisition of obese bacteria from their moms.AimsWe used high‐throughput sequencing to examine if maternal pregravid BMI and pregnancy weight gain are associated with neonate gut microbiota.MethodsWe obtained the 1st (meconium) and 2nd stool from 62 elective C‐section (CS; n=26 OWOB) and 21 vaginally delivered (VD; n=5 OWOB) babies. We consented mothers at a hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Bacterial V4 16S rRNA region was sequenced with the Illumina platform. We performed metagenomic analyses using QIIME and used the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size method, which integrates statistical significance and biologic relevance, to compare microbiota of neonates from moms with pregravid OWOB vs normal BMI, and excess vs normal pregnancy weight gain, by delivery mode.ResultsIn the meconium of CS and VD babies, microbial composition did not vary by pregravid BMI or pregnancy weight gain. The 2nd stool of VD babies from OWOB moms, however, had greater abundance of 11 phylotypes, including the Bacteroides genus, and lower abundance of 23 phylotypes compared to the 2nd stool of VD babies from normal BMI moms.
imageIn contrast, only 3 phylotypes differed in the 2nd stool of CS babies from OWOB vs normal BMI moms. Results were similar for pregnancy weight gain and neonate gut microbiota according to delivery mode.ConclusionsPregnancy weight is associated with microbiota from the 2nd (but not 1st) stool of VD (but not CS) neonates, indicating maternal‐offspring transfer of obese bacteria may occur at birth.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid High‐Fat Diets Impede Adipose IL‐1β Secretion and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Roche H , Finucane O , Lyons C , Murphy A , Reynolds C , Healy N , Tierney A , Morine M , Alcala‐Diaz J , Lopez‐Miranda J , O'Neill L , McGillicuddy F 
Published: June 2021

Mice were placed on chow, MUFA or SFA‐HFD or switched to a MUFA‐HFD following SFA‐induced insulin resistance (IR). Glucose homeostasis was assessed. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was cultured ±ATP. Macrophages were LPS (10ng/ml:3h) primed, cultured ±oleic acid (OA;250µm)/palmitic acid (PA;250µm:24h), ±ATP(5mM:1h). Media was harvested to measure IL‐1β secretion. Protein AKT, AMPKα1, pro‐IL‐β were determined by immunoblot analysis. Implications of dietary fat on insulin sensitivity were examined in a sub‐cohort from the CORDIOPREV and LIPGENE studies.MUFA‐HFD fed mice displayed improved IR coincident with reduced pro and active IL‐1β, with sustained adipose pAMPK activation. We further demonstrate that monounsaturated fatty acid; oleic acid, can impede ATP‐induced IL‐1β secretion from LPS primed cells in an AMPK dependent manner, in vitro. MUFA‐HFD mice display hyperplastic adipose, with enhanced adipogenic potential of SVF and improved insulin sensitivity. Switching from SFA to MUFA‐HFD failed to reverse IR but improved hyperinsulinemia. This effect is recapitulated in man wherein high‐SFA consumers, but not high‐MUFA, display reduced insulin sensitivity according to habitual SFA:MUFA intake.These novel findings suggest that dietary MUFA can attenuate IL‐1β mediated IR and adipose dysfunction despite obesity via preservation of AMPK activity.
Lycopene Supplementation and Oxidation: a Metaregression Analysis of Lag Time to Absorption
Authors: Minto Clara , Vecchio Maria Gabriella , Gregori Dario 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLDL oxidation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CVD and carotenoids could be related to decreased susceptibility of this oxidation.Several authors have suggested that Lycopene supplementation may have beneficial effects on LDL oxidation.This study evaluates the association between Lycopene addition and mean of lag time oxidation through a meta‐analysis of 3 intervention trialsMethodsRelevant articles published until September 2014 were collected using electronic database PubMed.The search string was “vitamins”, limited to “clinical trials” and “humans”.18091 records were retrieved.Out of them, studies with detailed information of dose of Lycopene, Lag Time and Duration were retrained for the analysis.A metaregression model has been estimated using Generalized Least Squares, accounting for within‐study correlation (assuming a Continuous AutoRegressive of first order structure) and weghts proportional to study variance and study size. Effect of dose has been estimated as Cumulative Effect (Dose per day over the weeks of study duration)Results90 patients were included in the analysis,receiving different doses of Lycopene.

Study
Population
N
Duration
Dose
Lag Time (min) mean ± SD

Hininger:2013
Males non smokers
51
12 weeks
15 mg/d LP
Week 0
Week 12

healthy

106± 7,37
95,9±7,53

Bub:2000
Males non smokers
23
2 weeks
40 mg/d LP
0‐2 week
2‐4 week

healthy

106±13,4
124±9,9

Carrol:2000
males and females
16
12 weeks
13,3 mg/d LP
baseline
after 12 weeks

healthy

54±20
62±22

Susceptibility of LDL to metal ions‐mediated oxidation in vitro was assessed by measuring conjugated diene formation at 234 nm.A significant dose‐response relationship has been found between cumulative dosage of Lycopene and Lag Time(effect 0.01085,S.E. 0.000908,p<0.001)ConclusionsData suggest that a high‐dose of Lycopene decreases lag time.This result support the assumption that Lycopene supplementation could be protective from diseases related to LDL oxidation
A modified isotope dilution equation predicts vitamin A total body stores in individuals
Authors: Lietz Georg , Oxley Anthony , Ford Jennifer , Green Michael 
Published: June 2021

Isotope dilution is used to successfully predict vitamin A (VA) total body stores (TBS) in populations but does not typically work for individuals. Using plasma kinetic data from 33 healthy young adults dosed with [13C10]retinyl acetate, we determined TBS using model‐based compartmental analysis (Simulation, Analysis and Modelling software [SAAM]) vs the equation TBS = F x S x (1/SA), where F= fraction of the orally administered stable isotope dose in stores, S= ratio of specific activity of retinol in plasma to that in stores, and SA = VA specific activity in plasma at 3 d post dosing. A high correlation (R=0.92) was found for the population. We found that the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was a proxy for F and developed a mono‐exponential equation using 7 and 14 d data to predict F in individual subjects (R=0.999). Since S is ~1 at 3 d (when VA SA in stores crosses over plasma), the equation for d 3 simplifies to TBS = F x (1/SA). That is, by collecting blood samples at 3, 7 and 14 d and then calculating FCR based on 7 and 14 d data, we can accurately estimate an individual's TBS as individual F x (1/SA) at 3 d (R=0.94).This study was supported by BBSRC.
Microbial Metabolite Butyrate Suppresses Murine Mast Cell Activation
Authors: Zhang Hanying , Du Min , Xue Yansong , Yang Qiyuan , Zhu Meijun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMast cell is known for its roles in mediating food allergy and regulating gut inflammation. Butyrate, a major short chain fatty acid produced by gut microbiota, exerts beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis. However, its role in modulating mast cell function remain undefined. Methods: Murine mastocytoma P815 cells (P815) or murine bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) were treated with sodium butyrate (NaB). The proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, degranulation and cytokine secretion were assessed.ResultsIn P815 cells, NaB inhibited cell proliferation, increased acetylation of both histone 3 and α‐tubulin. The growth inhibition effect of NaB is probably through reducing c‐kit expression and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which is indicated by enhanced annexin V/PI staining, caspase‐3 and PARP cleavage. In BMMC, NaB treatment dramatically suppressed FcεRI dependent TNFα and IL‐6 release without affecting degranulation. Furthermore, NaB enhanced histone 3 acetylation but diminished mRNA expression of Tnf ‐α and Il‐6, possibly through inhibiting the transcription initiation as revealed by reduced RNA polymerase II binding to the promoters of Tnf‐α and Il‐6.ConclusionsNaB modulates murine mast cell function possibly through enhancing histone acetylation, which is of importance in developing therapeutics for diseases involving mast cells (NIH R15HD073864).