bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uwarunkowania wykorzystania transportu kolejowego w rozwoju turystyki międzynarodowej
Authors: Pawłowski Kamil 
Published: May 2021

Transgraniczne połączenia kolejowe są ważnym elementem turystyki międzynarodowej. Jej rosnące znaczenie znajduje odwzorowanie w stale poszerzanej ofercie przewoźników kolejowych. W rozdziale dokonano analizy dostępnej oferty połączeń transgranicznych w Polsce. Porównano takie parametry, jak: liczba miejsc, czas przejazdu czy cena w oparciu o dostępną siatkę połączeń. Celem opracowania jest zbadanie obecnego stanu połączeń transgranicznych pod kątem wykorzystania ich jako turystycznego środka transportu. W pracy została przedstawiona syntetyczna analiza dostępnych połączeń kolejowych oraz ich porównanie ze sobą. Prezentowane rozważania stanowią próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy transport kolejowy przyczynia się do rozwoju turystyki międzynarodowej. Mogą być traktowane jako inspiracja do badań związanych z tematyką kolei transgranicznej w Polsce.
Determinanty rozwoju turystyki w gminie miejsko-wiejskiej Wleń
Authors: Smyka Agata 
Published: May 2021

Celem rozdziału jest identyfikacja i ocena kluczowych determinant rozwoju turystyki w gminie Wleń. Autorka wykorzystała głównie wyniki badań ankietowych, analizę danych statystycznych oraz metodę opisową. Analizy wykazały, że ocena wpływu wybranych czynników na rozwój turystyki jest zdaniem turystów zróżnicowana. Podobnie jak ocena walorów i elementów infrastruktury turystycznej oraz aktywności władz gminy Wleń.
Wpływ „odmrożenia” gospodarki po blokadzie z powodu ­COVID-19 na natężenie ruchu turystycznego w Tatrzańskim Parku Narodowym
Authors: Chrabańska-Czerwińska Alicja 
Published: May 2021

W wyniku ogłoszenia światowej pandemii ­COVID-19 w marcu 2020 r. w Polsce ustanowiono tzw. lockdown. Poza uniemożliwieniem bądź ograniczeniem działalności wielu gałęzi gospodarki, zamknięto również czasowo ruch turystyczny oraz rekreacyjny w parkach i lasach. Wiązało się to z brakiem możliwości legalnego wejścia na teren Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego. Celem niniejszego rozdziału jest zbadanie, jak czasowe wyłączenie możliwości uprawiania turystyki w Tatrach wpłynęło na natężenie ruchu turystycznego w okresie „odmrażania gospodarki” i późniejszym w oparciu o analizy liczby sprzedanych biletów, ale również zapisków kroniki interwencji TOPR w okresie od maja do września 2019 r. oraz w analogicznym okresie 2020 r.
Ethnic differences in the incidence of clinically diagnosed influenza: an England population-based cohort study 2008-2018
Authors: Davidson Jennifer , Banerjee Amitava , Mathur Rohini , Ramsay Mary , Smeeth Liam , Walker Jemma , McDonald Helen , Warren-Gash Charlotte 
Published: May 2021

Background: People of non-White ethnicity have a higher risk of severe outcomes following influenza infection. It is unclear whether this is driven by an increased risk of infection or complications. We therefore aimed to investigate the incidence of clinically diagnosed influenza/influenza-like illness (ILI) by ethnicity in England from 2008-2018. Methods: We used linked primary and secondary healthcare data (from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD] GOLD and Aurum databases and Hospital Episodes Statistics Admitted Patient Care [HES APC]). We included patients with recorded ethnicity who were aged 40-64 years and did not have a chronic health condition that would render them eligible for influenza vaccination. ILI infection was identified from diagnostic codes in CPRD and HES APC. We calculated crude annual infection incidence rates by ethnic group. Multivariable Poisson regression models with random effects were used to estimate any ethnic disparities in infection risk. Our main analysis adjusted for age, sex, and influenza year. Results: A total of 3,735,308 adults aged 40-64 years were included in the study; 87.6% White, 5.2% South Asian, 4.2% Black, 1.9% Other, and 1.1% Mixed. We identified 102,316 ILI episodes recorded among 94,623 patients. The rate of ILI was highest in the South Asian (9.6 per 1,000 person-years), Black (8.4 per 1,000 person-years) and Mixed (6.9 per 1,000 person-years) ethnic groups. The ILI rate in the White ethnic group was 5.7 per 1,000 person-years. After adjustment for age sex and influenza year, higher incidence rate ratios (IRR) for ILI were seen for South Asian (1.70, 95% CI 1.66-1.75), Black (1.48, 1.44-1.53) and Mixed (1.22, 1.15-1.30) groups compared to White ethnicity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that influenza infection risk differs between White and non-White groups who are not eligible for routine influenza vaccination.
Clinical supervision provided to mental health nurses in England
Authors: White Edward , Winstanley Julie 
Published: May 2021

Background/Aims Clinical supervision has become widely regarded as a central tenet of professional practice. However, little is known about the basis for claims to the benefits. This study described the features of clinical supervision provision to mental health nurses in England. Methods A Freedom of Information Act request was submitted to 52 mental health NHS trusts in England regarding clinical supervision that is available to ∼42 000 mental health nurses. These data underwent content analysis. Each submitted document was read several times and meaningful pieces of content were assigned to one of the 10 major themes that emerged (clinical supervision definitions, discriminated clinical supervision definitions, roles duties and responsibilities, confidentiality, training, evaluations, reporting, templates, references/bibliographies, document size). Results All 52 mental health NHS trusts responded. Multiple operational definitions of clinical supervision were reported. For 29 out of the 31 trusts (94%) the length of each clinical supervision session was reportedly 60 minutes, of which nearly 80% (23/29) were held at a frequency of between four and eight sessions a year. Overall, 33 trusts (64%) reported that the supervisors were specifically trained to provide clinical supervision to mental health nurses. Of the 52 trusts, 48 (92%) had a dedicated clinical supervision policy document. Most trusts reported brief in-house evaluations, which were narrowly contained to comply with local clinical supervision policy positions. Conclusions Early professional objectives for clinical supervision have since morphed into a de facto managerial staff performance monitoring exercise which may, or may not, have other advantages.
Cardiovascular disease: the gender divide
Authors: Bostock Beverley 
Published: May 2021

Cardiovascular disease is often thought of as a condition that mainly affects men. Beverley Bostock analyses the role practice nurses can play in recognising and managing cardiovascular disease in womenAlthough cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognised to be a condition that affects men more than women overall, this risks underplaying the significant challenges relating to the diagnosis and management of CVD in women. Women are adversely affected compared to men in terms of diagnosis, acute management and implementation of secondary prevention, and the evidence base for treating women is lacking, due to the low numbers of women included in trials. Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman's lifetime can also affect CVD risk. GPNs are ideally placed to consider the challenges of recognising and addressing CVD risk in women and to support them with engaging in reducing their lifetime risk.
Positive frozen section during reimplantation increases the risk of treatment failure in two-stage exchange arthroplasty even in patients with normal ESR and CRP
Authors: Qiao Jiang , Xu Chi , Chai Wei , Hao Li-Bo , Zhou Yonggang , Fu Jun , Chen Jiying 
Published: May 2021

Aims It can be extremely challenging to determine whether to perform reimplantation in patients who have contradictory serum inflammatory markers and frozen section results. We investigated whether patients with a positive frozen section at reimplantation were at a higher risk of reinfection despite normal ESR and CRP. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 163 consecutive patients with periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) who had normal ESR and CRP results pre-reimplantation in our hospital from 2014 to 2018. Of these patients, 26 had positive frozen sections at reimplantation. The minimum follow-up time was two years unless reinfection occurred within this period. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association between positive frozen sections and treatment failure. Results Treatment failure occurred in eight (30.77%) of the 26 PJI patients with positive frozen sections at reimplantation, compared with 13 (9.49%) of 137 patients with negative results. In the multivariate analysis, positive frozen section increased the risk of failure (odds ratio 4.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64 to 13.45). The mean number of months to reinfection was lower in the positive frozen section group than in the control group (p = 0.041). While there were nine (34.62%) patients with positive frozen section and 25 (18.25%) patients with negative frozen section who had prolonged antibiotic use (p = 0.042), the mean duration of antibiotic use was comparable in two groups. Synovial white blood cell count (p = 0.137) and polymorphonuclear leucocyte percentage (p = 0.454) were not associated with treatment failure in logistic regression model. Conclusion Positive frozen section at reimplantation was independently associated with subsequent failure and earlier reinfection, despite normal ESR and CRP levels pre-reimplantation. Surgeons should be aware of the risk of treatment failure in patients with positive frozen sections and carefully consider benefits of reimplantation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):916–922.
Repeat limited fasciectomy is a safe and effective treatment for recurrence of Dupuytren’s disease
Authors: Ashdown Thomas , Hayter Edward , Morris James A. , Clough Oliver T. , Little Maximillian , Hardman John , Anakwe Raymond E. 
Published: May 2021

Aims The results of surgery for Dupuytren’s disease can be compromised by the potential for disease recurrence and loss of function. Selecting which patients will benefit from repeat surgery, when to operate, and what procedure to undertake requires judgement and an understanding of patient expectations and functional needs. We undertook this study to investigate patient outcomes and satisfaction following repeat limited fasciectomy for recurrent Dupuytren’s disease. Methods We prospectively identified all patients presenting with recurrence of Dupuytren’s disease who were selected for surgical treatment with repeat limited fasciectomy surgery between January 2013 and February 2015. Patients were assessed preoperatively, and again at a minimum of five years postoperatively. We identified 43 patients who were carefully selected for repeat fasciectomy involving 54 fingers. Patients with severe or aggressive disease with extensive skin involvement were not included; in our practice, these patients are instead counselled and preferentially treated with dermofasciectomy. The primary outcome measured was change in the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) score. Secondary outcomes were change in finger range of motion, flexion contracture, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM) values, and overall satisfaction. Results There was a significant improvement in MHQ scores, across all domains, with a mean overall score increase of 24 points (p < 0.001). The summed flexion contracture across the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) and the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) reduced from means of 72.0° (SD 15.9°) to 5.6° (SD 6.8°) (p < 0.001). A significant increase in maximal flexion was seen at the MCPJ (p < 0.001) but not the PIPJ (p = 0.550). The mean overall satisfaction score from the visual analogue scale was 8.9 (7.9 to 10.0). Complications were uncommon although five fingers showed reduced sensibility at final follow-up. Conclusion Our study shows that repeat limited fasciectomy for selected patients presenting with recurrence of Dupuytren’s disease can be an effective and safe treatment resulting in excellent patient-reported outcomes and levels of satisfaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):946–950.
Does performance-based remuneration improve outcomes in the treatment of hip fracture?
Authors: Griffin Xavier L. , Achten Juul , Parsons Nick , Costa Matt L. ,   On behalf of the WHiTE collaborators
Published: May 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether national standards of best practice are associated with improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in hip fracture patients. Methods This was a multicentre cohort study conducted in 20 acute UK NHS hospitals treating hip fracture patients. Patients aged ≥ 60 years treated operatively for a hip fracture were eligible for inclusion. Regression models were fitted to each of the “Best Practice Tariff” indicators and overall attainment. The impact of attainment on HRQoL was assessed by quantifying improvement in EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) from estimated regression model coefficients. Results A total of 6,532 patients provided both baseline and four-month EQ-5D-5L, of whom 1,060 participants had died at follow-up. Best practice was achieved in the care of 57% of participants; there was no difference in age, cognitive ability, and mobility at baseline for the overall attainment and non-attainment groups. Attaining at least ‘joint care by surgeon and orthogeriatrician’, ‘delirium assessment’, and ‘falls assessment’ was associated with a large, clinically relevant increase in four months EQ-5D-5L of 0.094 (bootstrapped 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.046 to 0.146). Conclusion National standards with enhanced remuneration in hip fracture care results in improvement in individual patients’ HRQoL. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):881–887.
Wavelength variable generation and detection of photon pairs in visible and mid-infrared regions via spontaneous parametric downconversion
Authors: Arahata Masaya , Mukai Yu , Cao Bo , Tashima Toshiyuki , Okamoto Ryo , Takeuchi Shigeki 
Published: May 2021

We report an experimental demonstration of wavelength variable generation and detection of photon pairs in the visible and mid-infrared (MIR) regions over a wide spectral range of 2–5 µm via spontaneous parametric downconversion. Despite the recent increase in interest in such a photon-pair source, there have been few detailed evaluations of emitted photons generated via the downconversion process in the low gain regime, due to the lack of suitable single-photon detectors. By changing the angle of the nonlinear crystal, we continuously tune the phase-matching condition and generate photon pairs as signal photons in the wavelength range of 600–965 nm and idler photons in the wavelength range of 1186–4694 nm. We evaluate the generated photon pairs using single and coincidence counts by superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors up to a wavelength of 2 µm and detect the intensity using an InSb detector with a lock-in detection system up to 5 µm. From this analysis, a pair generation rate of

10
5

s

−
1

per mW of pump power is experimentally obtained for this wavelength range. This work provides a basis for the realization of applications such as heralded MIR single-photon sources, infrared imaging, and infrared spectroscopy based on quantum technologies in the MIR region.
High-dynamic-resolution optical edge detection based on liquid crystal diffractive moiré lenses with a tunable focal length
Authors: Yin Yue , Yang Yang , Li Ting , Zhou Yuan , Wu Yan , Huang Sijia , Huang Huihui 
Published: May 2021

In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate liquid crystal-based moiré lenses with a wide and tunable focal length by direct-writing photoalignment. Our moiré lenses, which consist of two cascaded diffractive optical elements, have a large range of refractive power between

±
0.85

m

−
1

at 532 nm and a mutual rotation between

±

90
∘

with high diffraction efficiency (

>

75

%

). Based on the as-designed moiré lenses, we propose high-dynamic-resolution optical edge detection without any axial shift or substitution of components. The minimum edge width is 13.2 µm and can be adjusted within 100 µm by mutual rotation of this device, which has great potential to be used in adaptive and compact optical systems.
Incidence of dengue illness in Mexican people aged 6 months to 50 years old: A prospective cohort study conducted in Jalisco
Authors: DeAntonio Rodrigo , Amaya‐Tapia Gerardo , Ibarra‐Nieto Gabriela , Huerta Gloria , Damaso Silvia , Guignard Adrienne , de Boer Melanie 
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives
The burden of dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne pathogen, remains difficult to assess due to misdiagnosis and underreporting. Moreover, the large proportion of asymptomatic dengue cases impairs comprehensive assessment of its epidemiology even where effective surveillance systems are in place. We conducted a prospective community-based study to assess the incidence of symptomatic dengue cases in Zapopan and neighboring municipalities in the state of Jalisco, Mexico.

Methods
Healthy subjects aged 6 months to 50 years living in households located in the Zapopan and neighboring municipalities were enrolled for a 24-month follow-up study (NCT02766088). Serostatus was determined at enrolment and weekly contacts were conducted via phone calls and home visits. Participants had to report any febrile episode lasting for at least two days. Suspected dengue cases were tested by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), detection of non-structural protein 1 (NS1), anti-DENV immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) assays.

Results
A total of 350 individuals from 87 households were enrolled. The overall seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgG at enrolment was 19.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.5–25.6) with the highest seroprevalence rate observed in the adult group. Over the 27-month study period from July 2016 to September 2018, a total of 18 suspected dengue cases were reported. Four cases were confirmed by RT-qPCR and serotyped as DENV-1. A fifth case was confirmed by the NS1 assay. The 13 remaining suspected cases were tested negative by these assays. Based on the 5 virologically confirmed cases, symptomatic dengue incidence proportion of 1.4% (95%CI 0.5–3.8) was estimated. No severe cases or hospitalizations occurred during the study.

Conclusion
Community-based active surveillance was shown as efficient to detect symptomatic dengue cases.

Clinical trial registration
NCT02766088.
Nutritional markers and proteome in patients undergoing treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis differ by geographic region
Authors: Jarsberg Leah G. , Kedia Komal , Wendler Jason , Wright Aaron T. , Piehowski Paul D. , Gritsenko Marina A. , Shi Tujin , Lewinsohn David M. , Sigal George B. , Weiner Marc H. , Smith Richard D. , Keane Joseph , Jacobs Jon M. , Nahid Payam 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Contemporary phase 2 TB disease treatment clinical trials have found that microbiologic treatment responses differ between African versus non-African regions, the reasons for which remain unclear. Understanding host and disease phenotypes that may vary by region is important for optimizing curative treatments.

Methods
We characterized clinical features and the serum proteome of phase 2 TB clinical trial participants undergoing treatment for smear positive, culture-confirmed TB, comparing host serum protein expression in clinical trial participants enrolled in African and Non-African regions. Serum samples were collected from 289 participants enrolled in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention TBTC Study 29 (NCT00694629) at time of enrollment and at the end of the intensive phase (after 40 doses of TB treatment).

Results
After a peptide level proteome analysis utilizing a unique liquid chromatography IM-MS platform (LC-IM-MS) and subsequent statistical analysis, a total of 183 core proteins demonstrated significant differences at both baseline and at week 8 timepoints between participants enrolled from African and non-African regions. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins were upregulated in participants from the African region, and included acute phase proteins, mediators of inflammation, as well as coagulation and complement pathways. Downregulated proteins in the African population were primarily linked to nutritional status and lipid metabolism pathways.

Conclusions
We have identified differentially expressed nutrition and lipid pathway proteins by geographic region in TB patients undergoing treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, which appear to be associated with differential treatment responses. Future TB clinical trials should collect expanded measures of nutritional status and further evaluate the relationship between nutrition and microbiologic treatment response.
Clinical significance of central systolic blood pressure in LV diastolic dysfunction and CV mortality
Authors: Choi Sun Ryoung , Lee Young-Ki , Cho Park Hayne , Kim Do Hyoung , Cho Ajin , Kang Min-Kyung , Choi Seonghoon 
Published: May 2021

Background and aims
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the major cause of death in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction reflects LV pressure overload and is common in patients with ESKD. Recently, there have been studies on the usefulness of central blood pressure (BP); however, the relationship between central BP and LV diastolic dysfunction is not clear in dialysis patients with preserved systolic function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical implication of central BP on LV diastolic dysfunction and CV mortality in the ESKD patients with preserved LV systolic function.

Methods
This prospective observational cohort study investigated the effect of LV diastolic dysfunction on CV mortality in the ESKD patients with preserved systolic function using echocardiography. Vascular calcification was evaluated using the abdominal aortic calcification score, and aortic stiffness was determined by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV). The predictors of CV mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Results
The subjects were comprised of 61 patients, with an average age of 54 years, 20 males (32.8%), and 25 diabetics (41.0%). There were 39 patients on hemodialysis and 22 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment. During the mean follow-up period of 79.3 months, 16 patients (26.2%) died, and 7 patients (11.4%) died of CV events. The central systolic BP and diabetes were independent risk factors for LV diastolic dysfunction. In addition, patients with LV diastolic dysfunction had an increased CV mortality. When left atrial volume index and PWV were adjusted, the E/E’ ratio was found to be a predictor of CV mortality.

Conclusions
Central systolic BP and diabetes were found to be significant risk factors for LV diastolic dysfunction. LV diastolic dysfunction can independently predict CV mortality in dialysis patients with preserved LV systolic function.