bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Armed Conflict on the Epidemiological Situation of COVID-19 in Libya, Syria and Yemen
Authors: Daw Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Since the Arab uprising in 2011, Libya, Syria and Yemen have gone through major internal armed conflicts. This resulted in large numbers of deaths, injuries, and population displacements, with collapse of the healthcare systems. Furthermore, the situation was complicated by the emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, which made the populations of these countries struggle under unusual conditions to deal with both the pandemic and the ongoing wars. This study aimed to determine the impact of the armed conflicts on the epidemiology of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) within these war-torn countries and highlight the strategies needed to combat the spread of the pandemic and its consequences.Methods: Official and public data concerning the dynamics of the armed conflicts and the spread of SARS-COV-2 in Libya, Syria and Yemen were collected from all available sources, starting from the emergence of COVID-19 in each country until the end of December 2020. Datasets were analyzed by a set of statistical techniques and the weekly resolved data were used to probe the link between the intensity levels of the conflict and the prevalence of COVID-19.Results: The data indicated that there was an increase in the intensity of the violence at an early stage from March to August 2020, when it approximately doubled in the three countries, particularly in Libya. During that period, few cases of COVID-19 were reported, ranging from 5 to 53 cases/day. From September to December 2020, a significant decline in the intensity of the armed conflicts was accompanied by steep upsurges in the rate of COVID-19 cases, which reached up to 500 cases/day. The accumulative cases vary from one country to another during the armed conflict. The highest cumulative number of cases were reported in Libya, Syria and Yemen.Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates that the armed conflict provided an opportunity for SARS-CoV-2 to spread. The early weeks of the pandemic coincided with the most intense period of the armed conflicts, and few cases were officially reported. This indicates undercounting and hidden spread during the early stage of the pandemic. The pandemic then spread dramatically as the armed conflict declined, reaching its greatest spread by December 2020. Full-blown transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic in these countries is expected. Therefore, urgent national and international strategies should be implemented to combat the pandemic and its consequences.
Biphenylalkoxyamine Derivatives–Histamine H3 Receptor Ligands with Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Łażewska Dorota , Zaręba Paula , Godyń Justyna , Doroz-Płonka Agata , Frank Annika , Reiner-Link David , Bajda Marek , Stary Dorota , Mogilski Szczepan , Olejarz-Maciej Agnieszka , Kaleta Maria , Stark Holger , Malawska Barbara , Kieć-Kononowicz Katarzyna 
Published: June 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are a key health problem in the aging population. The lack of effective therapy and diagnostics does not help to improve this situation. It is thought that ligands influencing multiple but interconnected targets can contribute to a desired pharmacological effect in these complex illnesses. Histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) play an important role in the brain, influencing the release of important neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine. Compounds blocking their activity can increase the level of these neurotransmitters. Cholinesterases (acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase) are responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine and inactivation of the neurotransmitter. Increased activity of these enzymes, especially butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), is observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, cholinesterase inhibitors: donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine are used in the symptomatic treatment of AD. Thus, compounds simultaneously blocking H3R and inhibiting cholinesterases could be a promising treatment for AD. Herein, we describe the BuChE inhibitory activity of H3R ligands. Most of these compounds show high affinity for human H3R (Ki < 150 nM) and submicromolar inhibition of BuChE (IC50 < 1 µM). Among all the tested compounds, 19 (E153, 1-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yloxy)pentyl)azepane) exhibited the most promising in vitro affinity for human H3R, with a Ki value of 33.9 nM, and for equine serum BuChE, with an IC50 of 590 nM. Moreover, 19 (E153) showed inhibitory activity towards human MAO B with an IC50 of 243 nM. Furthermore, in vivo studies using the Passive Avoidance Task showed that compound 19 (E153) effectively alleviated memory deficits caused by scopolamine. Taken together, these findings suggest that compound 19 can be a lead structure for developing new anti-AD agents.
Musicoterapia durante a Hemodiálise: Uma Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Ferrini Lucila de Paz , Moura Rita de Cássia dos Reis 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Entre algumas comorbidades o paciente com doença renal crônica (DRC), vivenciará mudança de rotina e na capacidade de autonomia, medo, ansiedade, depressão, fadiga e comprometimento cognitivo. No Brasil, em julho de 2017, havia 126.583 portadores DRC. Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre as intervenções mais utilizadas e realizadas pela Musicoterapia durante o tratamento de hemodiálise. Método: O levantamento bibliográfico estruturou-se em publicações encontradas nas bases de dados Scielo, Bireme, Pubmed, Google Scholar com palavras chaves: hemodialysis music therapy no período de 2016 a 2020. Resultados: Foram nove artigos – oito direcionados à população adulta e apenas um voltado para unidade de hemodiálise pediátrica. Desse total, seis trabalhos foram realizados por profissionais da saúde, e apenas três por musicoterapeutas. Conclusão: A musicoterapia pode promover conforto, acolhimento, redução de estresse e promover otimização de tempo. Todas as pesquisas utilizaram música de forma receptiva, a maioria aplicada por profissionais da área da saúde, somente dois estudos conduzidos musicoterapeutas. Podemos concluir que ainda se encontra pouca produção científica realizada por musicoterapeutas em unidades de hemodiálise, sobretudo pediátrica.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 3 (TGFBR3)–Associated Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Caza Tiffany N. , Hassen Samar I. , Kenan Daniel J. , Storey Aaron , Arthur John M. , Herzog Christian , Edmondson Rick D. , Bourne T. David , Beck Laurence H. , Larsen Christopher P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Key Points

TGF-β receptor 3 (TGFBR3) staining identifies a novel type of membranous nephropathy (MN).TGFBR3-associated MN is enriched in patients with membranous lupus nephritis with similar characteristics as exostosin 1/2- and neural cell adhesion molecule 1–associated MN.Identification of TGFBR3-associated MN should alert the clinician to evaluate for underlying autoimmune disease.

Background
Membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) comprises 10%–15% of lupus nephritis and increases morbidity and mortality of patients with SLE through complications of nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney failure. Identification of the target antigens in MLN may enable noninvasive monitoring of disease activity, inform treatment decisions, and aid in prognostication, as is now possible for idiopathic MN caused by antibodies against the phospholipase A2 receptor. Here, we show evidence for type III TGF-β receptor (TGFBR3) as a novel biomarker expressed in a subset of patients with MLN.

Methods
Mass spectrometry was used for protein discovery through enrichment of glomerular proteins by laser capture microdissection and through elution of immune complexes within MLN biopsy specimens. Colocalization with IgG within glomerular immune deposits from patients and disease controls was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Immunostaining of consecutive case series was used to determine the overall frequency in MN and MLN.

Results
TGFBR3 was found to be enriched in glomeruli and coimmunoprecipitated with IgG within a subset of MLN biopsy specimens by mass spectrometry. Staining of consecutive MN cases without clinical evidence of SLE did not show TGFBR3 expression (zero of 104), but showed a 6% prevalence in MLN (11 of 199 cases). TGFBR3 colocalized with IgG along the glomerular basement membranes in TGFBR3-associated MN, but not in controls.

Conclusions
Positive staining for TGFBR3 within glomerular immune deposits represents a distinct form of MN, substantially enriched in MLN. A diagnosis of TGFBR3-associated MN can alert the clinician to search for an underlying autoimmune disease.
Une École qui crée de l’Autre
Authors: Mabilon-Bonfils Béatrice , Martin Virginie 
Published: June 2021

Dans notre modèle politique, dont l’école a été l’instrument cardinal, l’Autre doit devenir le Même. L’école républicaine a été construite pour faire du Commun sur un mode assimilationniste. La présence désormais pensée comme durable des cultures minorées questionne notre mode citoyen et donc l’école. L’article historico-théorique se propose d’analyser un processus social de retournement : une école pensée pour faire du Commun (certes, un Commun produit de rapports sociaux) se transforme en une école qui crée de l’Autre. Il sera nourri d’illustrations empiriques.
La Marseillaise à l’École... ou pas ! Enseigner la France face à l’ethnicisation
Authors: Durpaire François 
Published: June 2021

L’article 2 de la loi d’orientation du 23 avril 2005 rappelait qu’« outre la transmission des connaissances, la Nation fixe comme mission première à l’école de faire partager aux élèves les valeurs de la République. » Le code de l’éducation rappelle que l’éducation civique « comporte obligatoirement l’apprentissage de l’hymne national et de son histoire. » Qu’en est-il concrètement de l’enseignement de la Marseillaise, en comparaison par exemple avec les États-Unis où s’enseigne le Pledge of Allegiance ? Que dit cet enseignement ou non de l’hymne national du rapport de l’école à la transmission d’une « citoyenneté d’adhésion » qui était l’une de ses missions originelles ? Au-delà, enseigner la nation est-elle une des solutions envisagées pour construire du commun dans une école où différentes identités coexistent.
Les appartenances ethnoculturelles en contexte scolaire à Maurice : auto-identification des futurs enseignants, perception de la diversité des élèves et conception d’une citoyenneté commune
Authors: Cauchie Dimitri 
Published: June 2021

Cet article présente une partie des résultats d’une enquête menée auprès des futurs enseignants mauriciens du cycle primaire durant notre recherche doctorale. Après une brève synthèse de la littérature relative à la diversité des identités ethnoculturelles à Maurice, nous présentons les données qui nous ont permis d’étudier la manière dont les sujets interrogés s’auto-identifiaient aux plans ethnique et culturel, envisageaient de prendre en compte la diversité de leur public scolaire dans leurs pratiques professionnelles, et concevaient une identité mauricienne commune. Ces résultats montrent une complexité identitaire dynamique et évolutive chez ces futurs enseignants. Si la multiplicité des appartenances communautaires dans lesquelles les Mauriciens peuvent se reconnaître n’est pas niée, il n’entre en revanche pas dans leurs intentions pédagogiques de prendre en considération les singularités culturelles de leurs futurs élèves. L’exclusion du facteur ethnoculturel de leurs activités professionnelles leur paraît être la voie juste de l’égalité scolaire, et le développement d’une identité commune est envisagé dans la perspective d’une « mauricianité » citoyenne ne se référant pas aux appartenances religieuses.
Nursing Management of a Patient With COVID-19 Receiving ECMO: A Case Report
Authors: Peig Nestor Neil A. , Djen Erica , Garalza Marielle , Given Caroline , Henderson Jasmine , O’Connor Tara , Serrano Catherine Puno , Veatch Adrianna , Rodriguez Michelle , Murray Katrine , Miller Pamela S. , Marcarian Taline 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been recommended as an effective rescue therapy for select critically ill patients with COVID-19. This case report describes a first experience caring for a patient with COVID-19 who received venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and expands the literature by discussing relevant nursing management and operational considerations.

Clinical Findings
A 46-year-old man presented to a hospital emergency department with pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, anorexia, and chills. The patient was intubated for pneumonia-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Diagnosis
A nasopharyngeal swab specimen was positive for SARS-CoV-2, and chest radiography confirmed a diagnosis of COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Interventions
After no improvement with mechanical ventilation and prone positioning, the patient began receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and was transferred to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center. Frontline critical care nurses played a vital role in coordinating patient care activities, monitoring changes in the patient’s condition, and detecting complications early.

Outcomes
The patient was decannulated on day 15 and extubated on day 17. The patient was successfully discharged home on hospital day 24.

Conclusion
Caring for a patient with COVID-19 receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation posed unprecedented challenges that required deviations from standards of care to optimize infection control measures and staff safety while providing quality care. This case report may inform, prepare, and guide other critical care nurses who will be caring for similar patients during this pandemic.
Extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi causing rib osteomyelitis
Authors: Iqbal Sara , Thobani Humza , Fatimi Saulat 
Published: June 2021

Rationale:

Salmonella (S.) typhi is a rare cause of osteomyelitis in immunocompetent adults. Extensive drug resistance (XDR) may lead to more complicated cases of S. typhi osteomyelitis.

Patient concern:
A 55-year-old female presented with a persistent low-grade fever and a swelling on her lower left chest with a sinus discharging purulent fluid for the past 8 months. Her symptoms had been unresponsive to previous anti-microbial therapy.

Diagnosis:
Rib osteomyelitis caused by XDR S. typhi.

Interventions:
Surgical wound debridement, left 7th-9th rib resection and intravenous IV meropenem were done.

Outcome:
Fever resolved and left-sided swelling resected without recurrence.

Lessons:
The prevalence of XDR S. typhi is growing in South Asia and should be considered as the differential diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis.
Morphological study and molecular epidemiology of Anisakis larvae in mackerel fish
Authors: Cheypanya Vipavinee , Wongsawad Pheravut , Wongsawad Chalobol , Nantarat Nattawadee 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To examine and study the morphology, epidemiology, and molecular phylogeny of Anisakis larvae in blue mackerel [Scomber australasicus (Cuvier, 1832)] and Indian mackerel [Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)] using light microscope, scanning electron microscope, molecular phylogeny, and species delimitation methods for confirmation and investigation of Anisakis species and their evolutionary relationship.

Methods:
A total of 90 fish (45 per species) were purchased from a department store in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Anisakis samples were investigated for morphological characteristics using light and scanning electron microscopes. Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation methods based on the cox2 gene were performed.

Results:
The prevalence, mean intensity (Mean±SEM), and mean abundance of Anisakis larvae (Mean±SEM) in blue mackerel were 77.78%, 6.74±1.320, and 5.24±1.107, respectively, and in Indian mackerel, these values were 13.33%, 2.50±0.764, and 0.33±0.159, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed the detail of morphological characteristics and provided the different shapes of mucron and excretory pores in Anisakis larvae congruent with the phylogenetic tree. The species tree was congruent with the phylogenetic tree.

Conclusions:
The prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of Anisakis larvae were higher in blue mackerel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Anisakis pegreffii was found in blue mackerel in Thailand. The phylogenetic tree also supported the morphological data of Anisakis larvae. However, species delimitation based on cox2 revealed 1-3 possible cryptic species in this genus. Anisakis spp. contamination of fish products is unpleasant and a health concern considering human infection with larvae (anisakiasis) arises.
Antioxidative, cytotoxic, and anti-metastatic potentials of Laurencia obtusa and Ulva lactuca seaweeds
Authors: Al Monla Reem , Salma Yahya , Kouzayha Achraf , Gali-Muhtasib Hala , Dassouki Zeina , Mawlawi Hiba 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the most active extracts from Ulva lactuca and Laurencia obtusa against colon and cervical cancer cell lines.

Methods:
The antioxidant radical scavenging activity of the algal extracts was estimated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl colorimetric assay. Moreover, the cytotoxic potential of these bioactive extracts was studied against HCT-116 and HeLa cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Wound healing analysis was adopted to evaluate the anti-metastatic effects of protein extracts from both algae. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry, and apoptotic bodies were detected using 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorescent staining. Amino acids of hydrolyzed protein extract were separated and identified chromatographically by high performance liquid chromatography.

Results:
The green algae Ulva lactuca had higher lipid content than Laurencia obtusa, whereas the latter had higher protein content with high antioxidant capacity. Protein extracts had significant dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity and anti-metastatic activity against HCT-116 cells. Protein b extracts of both algae obtained from the chloroform:hexane solvent lipid-free residue caused morphological changes and induced apoptosis of HCT-116 cells. Further analysis revealed that apoptosis induced upon Laurencia obtusa protein b treatment was triggered via the ROS pathway, causing a significant increase in the sub-G1 population. Glycine and arginine (5.94 and 5.47 μM, respectively) were the most common amino acids in Laurencia obtusa protein b extract.

Conclusions:
Proteins of Laurencia obtusa and Ulva lactuca could be considered as an adjuvant nutraceutical source of pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic biomolecules against colon cancer.
Effect of royal jelly on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development following nicotine treatment in adult female rats
Authors: Khodabandeh Zhila , Nejati Vahid , Shalizar-Jalali Ali , Najafi Gholamreza , Rahmani Fatemeh 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To scrutinize the protective role of royal jelly as an antioxidant on nicotine-induced changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, p53 expression, in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate, and early embryo development in adult female rats.

Methods:
A total of 56 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (n=7 in each group). Group 1 served as an untreated control group, group 2, 3 and 4 received nicotine at a dose of 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg/kg respectively, group 5 received royal jelly at a dose of 100.00 mg/kg, and group 6, 7 and 8 received 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg/kg nicotine, respectively, with 100.00 mg/kg body weight royal jelly. Nicotine and royal jelly were administered daily for 49 days in the experimental groups intra-peritoneally and orally, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, p53 expression, IVF rate and early embryo development as well as MDA concentration were measured.

Results:
The IVF rate, number of cumulus oocytes, two-cell embryos and blastocysts decreased in the nicotine-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, p53 mRNA expression and MDA levels increased in the nicotine-treated groups. Royal jelly co-administration led to partial improvement in the aforementioned parameters.

Conclusions:
Royal jelly may have a repro-protective effect in nicotine-administered female rats in terms of its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
Interdigital Palmar Dermatoglyphics Patterns of Bangladeshi Down Syndrome Patient
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Monir , Ashrafuzzaman Md , Jahan Iffat , Naher Nurun , Haque Mainul , Lugova Halyna 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Dermatoglyphics study the ridged skin patterns of the palms, fingers, soles and toes. They remain unchanged throughout life and are unique for the individual. Hereditary factors determine the size, relative position and type of pattern formed by the dermal ridges in the palm's interdigital areas. The present study was conducted to evaluate the interdigital association pattern of palmar dermatoglyphics among the Down syndrome patient.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chattogram from January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 200 participants were included by convenient sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. One hundred Down syndrome patients were recruited in the study group from different Down syndrome society organizations in Bangladesh. One hundred other medical science and dental background students studying at CMC were selected as control irrespective of sex. Dermatoglyphics print was taken by the ink and paper method. The detailed dermatoglyphic analysis was done by using a magnifying glass, calculator and scale. Data were analysed for statistical significance by Chi-square test wherever applicable, by using a computer-based program SPSS-23 and MS Excel. P value was considered significant if it was <0.05 at a 95% level of confidence.

Results:
The interdigital pattern frequencies showed that the third interdigital loops of Down's syndrome were found in 78% of the right hands and 78% of the left hands (P < 0.001). The corresponding figures were 47% and 42% of the controls, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
It is revealed that there are significant differences in the interdigital pattern between Down syndrome patients and the control group.