bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of degenerative changes in paravertebral muscles for studying of its influence on spine diseases
Authors: Radchenko Volodymyr , Leontyeva Frieda , Tuliakov Vladyslav , Skidanov Mykyta , Skidanov Artem , Nikolchenko Olga 
Published: October 2021

An important component of the development of degenerative changes in the spine is damage and disruption of the vital acti­vity of the paravertebral muscles. Objective. Based on the analysis of biochemical parameters of laboratory rats serum we evaluated the suitability of the studied models of dystrophic muscle tissue lesions for further study of the development of degenerative-dystrophic disorders in the spinal motor segments. Methods. Simulated: group I (5 female rats) — alimentary obesity by keeping for 3 months. on a high-calorie diet (hyperlipidemic diet); group II (5) — ischemia by ligation for 45 days of large back rectus muscles the with suture material that is not absorbed. Control — 5 intact animals of the same age and sex, which were kept on a standard diet. Serum levels of glycoproteins, haptoglobin, total chondroitin sulfates (CHS), glucose, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, total lipids, activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline and acid phosphatases, creatine phosphokinase were defined, thymol test was determined. Parameters were processed by the Fisher–Student method. Results. In the I group of rats, the content of glycoproteins, total cholesterol and lipids, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose, CHS, ALT and AST activity, thymol test va­lues were increased and the level of creatine phosphokinase activi­ty was decreased. In animals of group II, an increase in serum activity of creatine phosphokinase, glycoproteins and CHS was recorded. Conclusions. Changes in the serum biochemical parameters of white rats recorded on a hyperlipidemic diet indicate the development of fatty degeneration, including in muscle tissue. Biochemical signs of degenerative processes in muscle tissue have been identified as a result of simulation of paravertebral muscle ischemia. Key words. Muscle, disorders, degeneration, spine, mo­deling, hyperlipidemia, ligation, biochemistry.
Knee joint instability in conditions of congenital malformations of the lower extremities
Authors: Khmyzov Sergij , Yakushkin Yevgen , Katsalap Yelizaveta 
Published: October 2021

It is impossible to find out the number of patients with knee joint instability (KJI) in case of congenital malformations of the lower extremities (CMLE). Children, adolescents and young people usually adapt well to this abnormality, so they rarely present with symptoms of instability, even with positive tests. The main reasons for the manifestation of KJI in CMLE are inadequate loading, injuries of the lower extremity and surgical correction. Objective. Based on the assessment of the scientific literature to define the KJI terminology, to identify the main causes of its development and clinical manifestations in conditions of CMLE, to identify trends in the treatment tactics. Methods. More than 500 articles from international libraries PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Medscape, MedlinePlus were searched and analyzed. Taken into account the rarity of the abnormality and the small amount of research in recent years, the depth of the search was 25 years. Results. KJI in children with CMLE may be a consequence of congenital structural features of the lower extremity (isolated malformation in the form of agenesis of the cruciate ligaments or inferiority of the ligament of the knee joint in complex abnormality) and complication of surgical correction of longitudinal defects of the extremities. As the abnormality is not well studied, the tactics for such patients still remain the topic of discussion. The expediency of surgical stabilization of the knee joint has not been conclusively proven due to the fact that in the case of its anomalies certain adaptive mechanisms are formed, which on the one hand are not appropriate to violate, and on the other hand, the current level of medicine allows to promote patients’ functional capabilities, inducing KJI progressing. Conclusions. Children with CMLE adapt well to the concomitant KJI, so in everyday life and prior to surgical correction of CMLE, it does not bother patients. Particular attention should be paid to the stability of the knee joint both before and during prolongation and correction of deformity. The variability and severity of CMLE determines the implementation of multi-stage surgical treatment and surgical stabilization of the knee joint to improve extremity function may be one of them. Key words. Children, knee joint instability, congenital malformations, lower extremities, surgical treatment.
SOCIAL FACTORS AND PASHTO-ENGLISH CODESWITCHING: THE CASE OF ENGLISH AS EMBEDDED LANGUAGE IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Arshad Ali , Nazir Naureen , Hamid Abdul , Nazir Neelam 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of the Study: The present research investigates the use of English codeswitching about the social factors which influence the use of English in the Pashto language. First, the focus of the study lies on the social factors e.g., style, interlocutors, topic, social distance, social status, and identity, etc., and their influence on English codeswitching in the Pashto language. Methodology of the study: The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire consist of 13th statements. The data collected were further analyzed with the help of quantitative and qualitative methods employing descriptive analysis, SPSS 15, and the percentage method. Main Findings: The dominant pattern of codeswitching was insertion with nouns the most frequent codeswitching item. The study indicates that education is the key factor that influences English codeswitching and it also shows that Pashto is the dominant language of communication and is used as a symbol of solidarity and social marker in the Pashto speech community. Application of the study: The researcher can extend this study of codeswitching to a different contact setting such Pashto-Urdu and Pashto-Punjabi. The density of bilingualism is expected to give different types of codeswitching patterns. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the pioneer study that focused on the effect of social factors on the selection of language in bilingual settings.
Genetic Analysis of Fitness Traits of Kashmir Merino Sheep at Organized Farms of Kashmir
Authors: Rather Mubashir Ali , Hamadani Ambreen , Malik Tariq Ahmad , Bashir Imran , Ahmad Ishfaq 
Published: October 2021

Background: Fitness traits include measures of reproductive efficiency of sheep. The improvement in reproductive efficiency has significant impact on overall economy of sheep. Methods: Data spanning over 21 years (1997-2017) were collected from two sheep breeding farm and analyzed with mixed model least-squares maximum likelihood (LSMLMW) computer (PC-2) programme designed by Harvey (1990) to estimate number of lambs born per ewe (NLBE), number of lambs weaned per ewe (NLWE), litter size (LS) and sex ratio (SR) of Kashmir Merino sheep. Result: Overall estimates of 3.56±0.11, 3.20±0.10, 48.32±0.04 and 1.06±0.01 for number of lambs born per ewe (NLBE), number of lambs weaned per ewe (NLWE), litter size (LS) and sex ratio (SR), respectively were observed in the present study. The period of birth had significant (p less than 0.05) effect on NLBE and NLEE. The effect of sire was highly significant on all the traits under study whereas effect of all the non-genetic factors considered had non-significant effect on LS and SR.
Planification systématique de la conservation basée sur les contraintes, une approche générique et expressive : application à l’aide à la décision pour la conservation des forêts de Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: JUSTEAU-ALLAIRE Dimitri 
Published: October 2021

Issue de la biologie de la conservation, la planification systématique de la conservation (PSC) est une approche pratique qui se propose de fournir une aide à la décision dans la planification des actions de conservation en intégrant les objectifs écologiques avec les contraintes des gestionnaires. Basée sur la modélisation, l’optimisation et l’informatique, la PSC offre un cadre rationnel pour aborder les problématiques environnementales et réduire le fossé entre recherche et gestion.
Dans cette thèse, nous avons introduit une approche formelle pour modéliser et résoudre des problèmes de PSC basée sur la programmation par contraintes, une méthode issue de l'intelligence artificielle et fondée sur le raisonnement automatique. Notre motivation principale était d'apporter plus d'expressivité à la PSC (i.e. d'accroître l'étendue et la variété des problèmes qui peuvent être représentés et résolus), notamment par l'intégration de contraintes spatiales avancées et d'indices du paysage. Cette approche permet également d’obtenir des garanties sur la qualité des solutions produites (satisfaisabilité, optimalité) qui peuvent améliorer considérablement la qualité de l'aide à la décision.
Nous avons appliqué cette approche sur des données réelles issues des forêts de Nouvelle-Calédonie, un point chaud de la biodiversité qui doit faire face à de nombreux défis pour la conservation de sa biodiversité. Le contexte développé, insulaire et peu peuplé de cet archipel permet une grande proximité entre les différents acteurs de la conservation, ce qui en fait un terrain d'étude approprié pour expérimenter de nouveaux outils pour la conservation. Nous avons illustré cette particularité à travers un cas d'étude mené en étroite collaboration avec les gestionnaires du parc provincial de la « Côte Oubliée -– Woen Vùù – Pwa Pereeù ». Dans cette étude, nous avons fourni une aide à la décision dans un projet de reforestation, en mettant l'accent sur la réduction de la fragmentation et l'amélioration de la connectivité structurelle. Dans l'ensemble, nous avons démontré le caractère générique, la flexibilité et l'expressivité de l'approche basée sur les contraintes appliquée à la PSC. Nos résultats ont également ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour l'aide à la décision en Nouvelle-Calédonie, la PSC, et la programmation par contraintes.
Algorithms of modified Hirsch index for the formation of ratings of university teachers in terms of publications and their quotes
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, GERASIMENKO Petr V. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To suggest an algorithm for assessing the results of the scientiﬁc activity of a teacher drawing on published works and their quotes, which should make it possible to consider the total quoting of signiﬁcant publications determined by the Hirsch algorithm. To create a more advanced approach to the effective assessment of scientists’ publication activities compared to the Hirsch number. Methods: A systematization approach is used to systematize the total citation array, by separating it into the following citation arrays: 1)	the basic, deﬁned Hirsch index; 2) signiﬁcant publications; 3) intensity of work. The resulting arrays formed the basis of the creation of three indices: h – Hirsch’s index, g – an index of signiﬁcant publications and p – intensive work index. These indexes allowed us to determine the Euclidean norms gh – the index of basic signiﬁcant publications and hp – the intensive work index of a teacher. The above indices make it possible to differentiate the teachers’ publication activities and produce better ranking in the team. Results: The ratings of a team of authors formed by the sample from Russian Science Citation Index using the Hirsch index and the gh-index are built. It is shown that more efﬁcient compared to the Hirsch index is the proposed approach. Practical importance: The described approach to the formation of the rating position of the authors of publications in the creative team is based on a simple calculation and comparison of the modiﬁed Hirsch indices
Elderly Cognitive Functions at Tresna Werdha Islamic Village Nursing Home, Tangerang
Authors: Dewi Ratih Kumala 
Published: October 2021

Background: According to aging Index data in 2035, it is projected that there will be 73 elderly people per 100 population increasing every year. The implication of increasing the number of elderly is an increase in cognitive function degradation that affects the old age ratio dependency in carrying out normal daily activities. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the elderly cognitive functions at the Islamic Village Nursing Home. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design with the sampling technique using a total population of 48 elderly woman respondents. The location of the research was carried out at the Islamic Village Nursing Home, Tangerang. Data collection was carried out in March to April 2020. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire for cognitive function measured using the standard Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) questionnaire and the level of independence measured using the standard Barthel Index checklist. Other respondent characteristic data were collected through interviews and observations. Results: Cognitive function has a significant relationship with the level of independence of elderly women with values (OR = 5.402; p = 0.013; CI = 95% 1.430 - 20.426). Elderly women with impaired cognitive function (MMSE score> 23) are at risk of experiencing a dependency level of 4.5 times in fulfilling daily activities compared to elderly women whose cognitive function is normal. Conclusion: The decline in cognitive function in the elderly is the biggest cause of the inability to carry out normal daily activities and also the most common reason for being dependent on others to take care of themselves. It is hoped that services at the nursing home, especially caregivers, can improve the quality of services for the elderly by increasing overall attention both by providing a holistic, comprehensive diagnostic effort, by paying attention to the role of the elderly so that the quality of life of the elderly can be improved.
Vector Strategy of Formation of the Compensating Current of Shunt Active Filter In Sliding Mode
Authors: Mysak Taras Volodymyrovych 
Published: October 2021

A space-vector strategy for controlling of a three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF), which is connected to a utility grid in which there is a nonlinear load, is proposed. The filter consists of a semiconductor voltage inverter with fully controlled switches, a capacitive storage and a single-link output RL filter. The DC voltage of the storage capacitor is stabilized by a second-order sliding mode, which is based on the implementation of a finite double-twisting algorithm. To form the compensation current, an indirect control strategy and a space-vector algorithm for tracking the instantaneous value of the current of the "parallelogram" type are used. Space-vector method avoids ambiguity in the choice of vectors of the output voltage of the inverter under the solution of the problem of current tracking. The proposed algorithm uses the methods of projective geometry to determine the relative position of the spatial vectors of voltages and currents of the power supply system, so it does not contain the difficult mathematical operations for calculating inverse trigonometric functions. The selection of the appropriate output voltage vector of the SAPF inverter on the location of the end of the current error vector relative to some switching lines is based. Switching lines from the projections of the two-dimensional sliding surface on the plane α-β are formed. These projections are subject to further linear transformation, the matrix of which is non-degenerate. Linear transformation of projections of these sliding surfaces includes sequential operations of rotation at a fixed angle, parallel movement and application of the rotation matrix. This rotation matrix has constant coefficients, which change abruply at some points in time. The classical method of equivalent control is applied. The transition from one group of coefficients to another occurs based on the spatial location of the equivalent control vector, the coordinates of which are calculated in real time. The choice of the rotation matrix provides unambiguous determination of the spatial position and the choice of the corresponding output voltage vector of the SAPF inverter. A simulation model of the power supply system with a two-dimensional sliding mode and taking into account the features that are inherent in the real-time sliding mode is built, and the simulation results are analyzed. The "switching freeze" method to eliminate chattering was used. The proposed strategy with the traditional three-channels hysteresis algorithm of the compensation current tracking according to the criteria of the number of switches is compared.
Mosques in Japan Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic: Infection Prevention and Support Provision
Authors: Kotani Hitomu , Tamura Mari , Nejima Susumu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Religious activities tend to be conducted in enclosed, crowded, and close-contact settings, which have a high potential of transmitting the coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19); therefore, religious communities are expected to take appropriate infection prevention measures. Meanwhile, during past disasters, religious communities have provided various types of support to affected people; hence, their role in disaster risk reduction has received much attention. In this study, we aimed to identify the infection prevention measures and support provision implemented by mosques—Islamic institutions managed and operated mainly by foreign Muslims living in Japan—during the one year from January 2020. We collected information from newspaper articles (18 articles on 19 mosques) and interviews with representatives of three mosques. We found that various infection control measures were implemented in mosques—refraining from mass prayers and closing buildings from an early stage (around February 2020); canceling large-scale events during the month of Ramadan; moving some activities online; and ensuring indoor ventilation and safe physical distance even when continuing face-to-face prayer activities. We also found that various types of support were provided by mosques—donating masks to the local government; listening to problems of people affected by COVID-19 regardless of their nationality; providing financial support to them; translating and disseminating information to foreign Muslims; and providing religious meals for them. This study provides actual examples of infection prevention measures taken by mosques in a Muslim-minority society and suggests that mosques appropriately responded to the needs of religious minorities during disasters, including COVID-19.
Morphology of large-scale debris avalanche deposits in Cianjur Plains, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan A. , Syafri I. , Yuningsih E.T. , Sudradjat A. , Burhanudinnur M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Large-scale debris avalanche deposit (DAD) processes rarely occur, but the impact is catastrophic. Large-scale flank collapse from ancestral Gede volcano resulted in the deposition of debris avalanche deposits that manifested as prominent hummocky hill landforms covering 192 km2 of the Cianjur Plains, West Java, Indonesia. Although the deposit covers large areas and shows unique volcanic landscape morphology, studies on debris avalanche deposits are limited. Here, we show the results of field reconnaissance, satellite photography and digital elevation model analysis to understand the morphology of large-scale debris avalanche deposits, including their distribution and morphological characteristics. The interpreted thickness of the deposit ranges from 200-500 m, although the hummocky hill with a well-rounded texture is only 50-100 m high due to intense erosion in the tropical region with the remaining portion of the megaclast blocks buried. The distribution of hummocky hills indicates that the flow was constrained by the pre-existing basin configuration. The debris avalanche deposit shows fan-like morphology that characterizes block facies located near the fan mouth, while the matrix facies has matrix-supported smaller blocks in the distal part. The mouth of the debris avalanche deposit is located just south of Cianjur township, with the highest concentration of megaclast block as block facies, which is interpreted as the main depositional axis. The block facies apparently stopped by lineament of the SW-NE-oriented Cimandiri valley to the southeast and NNE-SSW-oriented Cisokan River lineament to the east, which was interpreted as a buried normal fault that was considered a barrier to confine the flow of block facies deposition.
Material Scarcity and Unethical Economic Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elbaek Christian , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Aarøe Lene , Otterbring Tobias 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Individuals around the globe experience different forms of material resource scarcity in terms of aspects such as hunger, thirst, or financial strains. As experiences of material scarcity have been found to make individuals more risk-taking, impulsive, and focused on regaining resources in the short-term, a growing body of research has investigated how such scarcity affects moral economic behavior. Yet, findings remain mixed and at times contradictory, thus calling for a systematic meta-analytical review on this overarching topic. In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively how material resource scarcity affects moral economic behavior. We analyze a comprehensive dataset including 44 published and unpublished studies comprising a total of 6,921 respondents across four distinct types of material scarcity: financial scarcity, physiological scarcity, scarcity reminders, and lower social class. Our findings show that acute scarcity significantly increases the propensity to engage in unethical economic behavior (gfinancial = .24, gphysiological = .39, greminders = .32). Importantly, we find no evidence that chronic experiences of scarcity in the form of low social class affect unethical economic behavior (gsocial class = .02). These results appear robust to the influence of publication bias and contextual sensitivity. We discuss how these findings advance our understanding of the psychological and moral consequences of scarcity and elaborate on implications for public policy.
Transfer Learning Based Multiclass Classification For Covid-19 Detection Using Chest X-Rays
Authors: Monga Japman Singh , Champawat Yuvraj Singh , Kharb Seema 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the year 2020 world came to a halt due to spread of Covid-19 or SARS-CoV2 which was first identified in Wuhan, China. Since then, it has caused plethora of problems around the globe such as loss of millions of lives, economic instability etc. Less effectiveness of detection through Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and also prolonged time needed for detection through the same calls for a substitute for Covid-19 detection. Hence, in this study, we aim to develop a transfer learning based multi-class classifier using Chest X-Ray images which will classify the X-Ray images in 3 classes (Covid-19, Pneumonia, Normal). Further, the proposed model has been trained with deep learning classifiers namely: DenseNet201, Xception, ResNet50V2, VGG16, VGG-19, InceptionResNetV2 .These are evaluated on the basis of accuracy, precision and recall as performance parameters. It has been observed that DenseNet201 is the best deep learning model with 82.2% accuracy.