bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of environmental impacts at the urban scale: the ecological footprint of a university campus
Authors: Genta C. , Favaro S. , Sonetti G. , Fracastoro G. V. , Lombardi P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the consumption-based ecological footprint method and its application aiming at a quantitative assessment of the sustainability of a university campus. The goal is to inform the planning decision-making process and evaluate the socio-technical solutions implemented in local urban settings for reducing energy consumption, decreasing environmental impacts and improving the quality of life of the campus' inhabitants. The case study taken for the analysis is the Politecnico di Torino, a Higher Education Institution (HEI) located in Northern Italy counting around 33,000 enrolled students in 2016. Data were collected from departments and administrative units of the Politecnico di Torino to identify the pressure exerted by the campus activities on the ecosystem during a reference year (2016). The study identified six main categories of consumption that were associated with their ecological footprint, i.e. the amount of land needed to produce the required resources and to absorb the generated waste, including CO2 emissions. Total footprint resulted in 6,200 gha: about half of the total city area, meaning that the campus would need a 310 times larger area to be self-sufficient. Normalizing this result with the number of students yields 0.19 gha/student. Transports had the highest share, with 49.4% out of the total campus impact, whereas energy covered 40.1%. Food, waste, land use and water counted, respectively, for 5.7%, 3.7%, 0.7% and 0.5%. This study presents the most comprehensive analysis to date of the environmental impact associated with an Italian HEI. This methodology and its implementation for the specific case of HEIs contribute to gain a better understanding of the overall impact of a university campus, as well as to create thresholds for comparative analysis, decision-making tools and policymaking to reduce the ecological footprint of the educational sector.
Evaluation of the SPARK Child Mentoring Program: A Social and Emotional Learning Curriculum for Elementary School Students
Authors: Green Amy L. , Ferrante Stephen , Boaz Timothy L. , Kutash Krista , Wheeldon-Reece Brooke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSocial and Emotional Learning (SEL) programs seek to enhance social and emotional competencies in children, including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. By means of direct instruction regarding social and emotional competencies, SEL programs have the potential to strengthen resilience in children and thus their capacity to effectively cope with life’s challenges. Strengthening resilience in children who are repeatedly exposed to adverse experiences, particularly those from economically disadvantaged minority backgrounds, is of particular importance and has implications for the prevention of a multitude of problems later in life. Our study reports the result of an investigation of the SPARK Child Mentoring program, a resilience-focused SEL program designed to reduce risk factors, uncover innate resilience, promote natural emotional well-being, and facilitate school success. We employed a randomized controlled trial comprising 94 elementary school students that included pre- and post-intervention measurements. After controlling for pre-intervention levels, we found a significant difference between students’ understanding of underlying program principles; communication, decision making, and problem-solving skills; emotional regulation; and resilience for students who received the intervention compared to students who did not receive the intervention. These results provide initial evidence for the efficacy of the SPARK Child Mentoring program with a diverse sample of elementary school students and adds to the existing literature base concerning positive outcomes associated with SEL programs. We discuss implications for future research focused on long-term preventive effects of the program and the characteristics of students most likely to benefit from it.
Green IoT for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Smart Cities: Future Directions and Opportunities
Authors: Almalki Faris. A. , Alsamhi S. H. , Sahal Radhya , Hassan Jahan , Hawbani Ammar , Rajput N. S. , Saif Abdu , Morgan Jeff , Breslin John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and their integration in smart cities have changed the way we work and live, and enriched our society. However, IoT technologies present several challenges such as increases in energy consumption, and produces toxic pollution as well as E-waste in smart cities. Smart city applications must be environmentally-friendly, hence require a move towards green IoT. Green IoT leads to an eco-friendly environment, which is more sustainable for smart cities. Therefore, it is essential to address the techniques and strategies for reducing pollution hazards, traffic waste, resource usage, energy consumption, providing public safety, life quality, and sustaining the environment and cost management. This survey focuses on providing a comprehensive review of the techniques and strategies for making cities smarter, sustainable, and eco-friendly. Furthermore, the survey focuses on IoT and its capabilities to merge into aspects of potential to address the needs of smart cities. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for future research in smart city applications.
Clinical pharmacists’ interventions across German hospitals: results from a repetitive cross-sectional study
Authors: Langebrake Claudia , Hohmann Carina , Lezius Susanne , Lueb Michael , Picksak Gesine , Walter Wencke , Kaden Sandra , Hilgarth Heike , Ihbe-Heffinger Angela , Leichenberg Katja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground Pharmacists’ interventions (PI) are suitable to improve medication safety and optimise patient outcome. However, in Germany, clinical pharmacy services are not yet available nationwide. Aim To gain prospective data on the extent and the composition of routine PI with special focus on intervention rates among German hospital pharmacists during two intervention weeks. Methods Within a repetitive cross-sectional study, clinical pharmacists documented all PIs on five days during a one-month period (intervention week) in 2017 and 2019 using the validated online-database ADKA-DokuPIK. Additionally, data regarding the supply structure/level of medical care, the extent of clinical pharmacy services and their professional experience were collected. All data were anonymised before analysis. Results In total, 2,282 PI from 62 pharmacists (2017) and 2578 PI from 52 pharmacists (2019) were entered. Intervention rate increased from 27.5 PI/100 patient days in 2017 to 38.5 PI/100 patient days in 2019 (p = 0.0097). Frequency of clinical pharmacy services on a daily basis significantly increased from 60% (2017) to 83% (2019). Reasons for PIs from the categories “drugs” (e.g. indication, choice, documentation/transcription) and “dose” were most common in both intervention weeks. The vast majority of underlying medication errors in both intervention weeks were categorised as “error, no harm” (80.3 vs. 78.6%), while the proportion of errors which did not reach the patient, doubled to 39.8% in IW-2019. Conclusion Regular and daily clinical pharmacy services become more established in Germany and clinical pharmacists are increasingly involved in solving drug related problems proactively and early during the medication management process.
The problem of insignificant hands
Authors: Hindriks Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany morally significant outcomes can be brought about only if several individuals contribute to them. However, individual contributions to collective outcomes often fail to have morally significant effects on their own. Some have concluded from this that it is permissible to do nothing. What I call ‘the problem of insignificant hands’ is the challenge of determining whether and when people are obligated to contribute. For this to be the case, I argue, the prospect of helping to bring about the outcome has to be good enough. Furthermore, the individual must be in a position to increase the probability of its being brought about to an appropriate extent. Finally, I argue that when too few are willing to contribute, people may have a duty to increase their number. Thus, someone can be obligated to contribute or to get others to contribute. This prospect account is consistent with Kantianism, contractualism and rule consequentialism but inconsistent with act consequentialism.
Hormonal treatments for endometriosis: The endocrine background
Authors: Vannuccini Silvia , Clemenza Sara , Rossi Margherita , Petraglia Felice 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEndometriosis is a benign uterine disorder characterized by menstrual pain and infertility, deeply affecting women’s health. It is a chronic disease and requires a long term management. Hormonal drugs are currently the most used for the medical treatment and are based on the endocrine pathogenetic aspects. Estrogen-dependency and progesterone-resistance are the key events which cause the ectopic implantation of endometrial cells, decreasing apoptosis and increasing oxidative stress, inflammation and neuroangiogenesis. Endometriotic cells express AMH, TGF-related growth factors (inhibin, activin, follistatin) CRH and stress related peptides. Endocrine and inflammatory changes explain pain and infertility, and the systemic comorbidities described in these patients, such as autoimmune (thyroiditis, arthritis, allergies), inflammatory (gastrointestinal/urinary diseases) and mental health disorders.The hormonal treatment of endometriosis aims to block of menstruation through an inhibition of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis or by causing a pseudodecidualization with consequent amenorrhea, impairing the progression of endometriotic implants. GnRH agonists and antagonists are effective on endometriosis by acting on pituitary-ovarian function. Progestins are mostly used for long term treatments (dienogest, NETA, MPA) and act on multiple sites of action. Combined oral contraceptives are also used for reducing endometriosis symptoms by inhibiting ovarian function. Clinical trials are currently going on selective progesterone receptor modulators, selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. Nowadays, all these hormonal drugs are considered the first-line treatment for women with endometriosis to improve their symptoms, to postpone surgery or to prevent post-surgical disease recurrence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art on the current and future hormonal treatments for endometriosis, exploring the endocrine background of the disease.
Increasing Water System Robustness in the Netherlands: Potential of Cross-Sectoral Water Reuse
Authors: Pronk G. J. , Stofberg S. F. , Van Dooren T. C. G. W. , Dingemans M. M. L. , Frijns J. , Koeman-Stein N. E. , Smeets P. W. M. H. , Bartholomeus R. P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWater reuse has the potential to substantially reduce the demand on groundwater and surface water. This study presents a method to evaluate the potential of water reuse schemes in a regional context and demonstrates how water reuse propagates through the water system and potentially reduces pressure on groundwater resources. The use of Sankey diagram visualisation provides a valuable tool to explore and evaluate regional application of water reuse, its potential to reduce groundwater and surface water demand, and the possible synergies and trade-offs between sectors. The approach is demonstrated for the Dutch anthropogenic water system in the current situation and for a future scenario with increased water demand and reduced water availability due to climate change. Four types of water reuse are evaluated by theoretically upscaling local or regional water reuse schemes based on local reuse examples currently in operation in the Netherlands or Flanders: municipal and industrial wastewater effluent reuse for irrigation, effluent reuse for industrial applications, and reuse for groundwater replenishment. In all cases, water reuse has the potential to significantly reduce groundwater extraction volume, and thus to alleviate the pressure on the groundwater system. The water-quantity based analysis is placed in the context of water quality demands, health and safety aspects, technological requirements, regulations, public perception, and its net impact on the environment. This integrative context is essential for a successful implementation of water reuse in practice.
Comparative Effectiveness of Biogas Residue Acidification and Nitrification Inhibitors in Mitigating CO2 and N2O Emissions from Biogas Residue-Amended Soils
Authors: Guo Yafei , Anjum Anjum , Khan Ahmad , Naeem Asif , Mühling Karl H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOwing to their high carbon and nitrogen contents, biogas residues may lead to higher carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils. Acidification of biogas slurry and application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) could mitigate the emission of these gases. An incubation experiment was therefore carried out to investigate the effect of NIs, DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate), and PIADIN (active ingredients: 3.00–3.25% 1,2,4-triazole and 1.50–1.65% 3-methylpyrazole), on CO2 and N2O emissions from soils fertilized with biogas residues and acidified biogas residues. Biogas residues produced higher ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) concentrations in soils which resulted in higher emissions of CO2-C and N2O-N than that from acidified biogas residues. Both DMPP and PIADIN significantly decreased the emissions of CO2-C (8.1–55.8%) and N2O-N (87–98%) and maintained lower NH4+-N and NO3−-N concentrations when compared to control (without nitrification inhibitors). However, the DMPP had a higher reduction capability for CO2-C emissions than PIADIN in acidified biogas residue applied soil. In conclusion, the acidification of biogas residues and application of NIs are effect in reducing gaseous emission from biogas residue fertilized soils and thus could improve the fertilizer effectiveness of the residues.
RNA sequencing and functional studies of patient-derived cells reveal that neurexin-1 and regulators of this pathway are associated with poor outcomes in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Roundhill Elizabeth Ann , Chicon-Bosch Mariona , Jeys Lee , Parry Michael , Rankin Kenneth S , Droop Alastair , Burchill Susan Ann 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The development of biomarkers and molecularly targeted therapies for patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES) in order to minimise morbidity and improve outcome is urgently needed. Here, we set out to isolate and characterise patient-derived ES primary cell cultures and daughter cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) to identify biomarkers of high-risk disease and candidate therapeutic targets.

Methods
Thirty-two patient-derived primary cultures were established from treatment-naïve tumours and primary ES-CSCs isolated from these cultures using functional methods. By RNA-sequencing we analysed the transcriptome of ES patient-derived cells (n = 24) and ES-CSCs (n = 11) to identify the most abundant and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Expression of the top DEG(s) in ES-CSCs compared to ES cells was validated at both RNA and protein levels. The functional and prognostic potential of the most significant gene (neurexin-1) was investigated using knock-down studies and immunohistochemistry of two independent tumour cohorts.

Results
ES-CSCs were isolated from all primary cell cultures, consistent with the premise that ES is a CSC driven cancer. Transcriptional profiling confirmed that these cells were of mesenchymal origin, revealed novel cell surface targets for therapy that regulate cell-extracellular matrix interactions and identified candidate drivers of progression and relapse. High expression of neurexin-1 and low levels of regulators of its activity, APBA1 and NLGN4X, were associated with poor event-free and overall survival rates. Knock-down of neurexin-1 decreased viable cell numbers and spheroid formation.

Conclusions
Genes that regulate extracellular interactions, including neurexin-1, are candidate therapeutic targets in ES. High levels of neurexin-1 at diagnosis are associated with poor outcome and identify patients with localised disease that will relapse. These patients could benefit from more intensive or novel treatment modalities. The prognostic significance of neurexin-1 should be validated independently.
A&nbsp;professional knowledge base for collaborative reflection education: a&nbsp;qualitative description of teacher goals and strategies
Authors: Van Braak Marije , Veen Mario , Muris Jean , Van den Berg Pieter , Giroldi Esther 
Published: August 2021

Introduction For several decades, educational experts have promoted reflection as essential to professional development. In the medical setting, collaborative reflection has gained significant importance across the curriculum. Collaborative reflection has a unique edge over individual reflection, but many medical teachers find facilitating group reflection sessions challenging and there is little documentation about the didactics of teaching in such collaborative reflection settings. To address this knowledge gap, we aim to capture the professional knowledge base for facilitating collaborative reflection by analyzing the formal and perceived goals and strategies of this practice.
Methods The professional knowledge base consists of formal curricular materials as well as individual teacher expertise. Using Template Analysis, we analyzed the goals and strategies of collaborative reflection reported in institutional training documents and video-stimulated interviews with individual teachers across all Dutch general practitioner training institutes.
Results The analysis resulted in a highly diverse overview of educational goals for residents during the sessions, teacher goals that contribute to those educational goals, and a myriad of situation-specific teacher strategies to accomplish both types of goals. Teachers reported that the main educational goal was for residents to learn and develop and that the teachers’ main goal was to facilitate learning and development by ensuring everyone’s participation in reflection. Key teacher strategies to that end were to manage participation, to ensure a safe learning environment, and to create conditions for learning.
The influence of entrepreneurial orientation on firm growth among Iranian agricultural SMEs: the mediation role of entrepreneurial leadership and market orientation
Authors: Karimi Asef , Daryani Mahmood Ahmadpour , Rahmani Soma 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEntrepreneurship orientation is a fundamental topic both in entrepreneurship and in management that has a critical role in the development of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm growth, specifically, how entrepreneurial leadership and market orientation mediate the relationship between EO and firm growth. The population of this study is agricultural small- and medium-sized enterprises (ASMEs) across Tehran Province. The survey instrument is questionnaires that were sent to 240 owners and/or top managers of ASMEs as a sample. Validity of the questionnaires has been verified in two ways of face and construct, and its reliability has been verified using Cronbach’s alpha. The collected data has been analyzed by using the structural equation modeling. The results reveal that EO significantly influences firm growth in ASMEs. Notably, entrepreneurial leadership (EL) and market orientation (MO) perform a mediating role in the relationships between EO and firm’s growth in ASMEs.
Electrolyte/Structure-Dependent Cocktail Mediation Enabling High-Rate/Low-Plateau Metal Sulfide Anodes for Sodium Storage
Authors: Tang Yongchao , Wei Yue , Hollenkamp Anthony F. , Musameh Mustafa , Seeber Aaron , Jin Tao , Pan Xin , Zhang Han , Hou Yanan , Zhao Zongbin , Hao Xiaojuan , Qiu Jieshan , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries, metal sulfides ubiquitously suffer from low-rate and high-plateau issues, greatly hindering their application in full-cells. Herein, exemplifying carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-stringed metal sulfides superstructure (CSC) assembled by nano-dispersed SnS2 and CoS2 phases, cocktail mediation effect similar to that of high-entropy materials is initially studied in ether-based electrolyte to solve the challenges. The high nano-dispersity of metal sulfides in CSC anode underlies the cocktail-like mediation effect, enabling the circumvention of intrinsic drawbacks of different metal sulfides. By utilizing ether-based electrolyte, the reversibility of metal sulfides is greatly improved, sustaining a long-life effectivity of cocktail-like mediation. As such, CSC effectively overcomes low-rate flaw of SnS2 and high-plateau demerit of CoS2, simultaneously realizes a high rate and a low plateau. In half-cells, CSC delivers an ultrahigh-rate capability of 327.6 mAh g−1anode at 20 A g−1, far outperforming those of monometallic sulfides (SnS2, CoS2) and their mixtures. Compared with CoS2 phase and SnS2/CoS2 mixture, CSC shows remarkably lowered average charge voltage up to ca. 0.62 V. As-assembled CSC//Na1.5VPO4.8F0.7 full-cell shows a good rate capability (0.05 ~ 1.0 A g−1, 120.3 mAh g−1electrode at 0.05 A g−1) and a high average discharge voltage up to 2.57 V, comparable to full-cells with alloy-type anodes. Kinetics analysis verifies that the cocktail-like mediation effect largely boosts the charge transfer and ionic diffusion in CSC, compared with single phase and mixed phases. Further mechanism study reveals that alternative and complementary electrochemical processes between nano-dispersed SnS2 and CoS2 phases are responsible for the lowered charge voltage of CSC. This electrolyte/structure-dependent cocktail-like mediation effect effectively enhances the practicability of metal sulfide anodes, which will boost the development of high-rate/-voltage sodium-ion full batteries.