bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term variation in skeletal muscle and adiposity in patients undergoing esophagectomy
Authors: Boshier Piers R , Klevebro Fredrik , Jenq Wesley , Puccetti Francesco , Muthuswamy Keerthini , Hanna George B , Low Donald E 
Published: April 2021

Summary
This study seeks to define long-term variation in body composition in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer and to associate those changes with survival. Assessment of skeletal muscle, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was performed using computed tomography (CT) images routinely acquired: at diagnosis; after neoadjuvant therapy, and; &gt;6 months after esophagectomy. In cases where multiple CT scans were performed &gt;6 months after surgery, all available images were assessed. Ninty-seven patients met inclusion criteria with a median of 2 (range 1–10) postoperative CT images acquired between 0.5 and 9.7 years after surgery. Following surgical treatment of esophageal cancer, patients lost on average 13.3% of their skeletal muscle, 64.5% of their VAT and 44.2% of their SAT. Sarcopenia at diagnosis was not associated with worse overall survival (66.3% vs. 68.5%; P = 0.331). Sarcopenia 1 year after esophagectomy was however associated with lower 5-year overall survival (53.8% vs. 87.5%; P = 0.019). Survival was lower in those patients who had &gt;10% decrease in skeletal muscle index (SMI; 33.3% vs. 72.1%; P = 0.003) and &gt;40% decrease in SAT 1 year after surgery (40.4% vs. 67.4%; P = 0.015). On multivariate analysis, a decline in SMI 1 year after surgery was predictive of worse survival (HR 0.38, 95%CI 0.20–0.73; P = 0.004). This study provides new insight relating to long-term variation in body composition in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer. Findings provide further evidence of the importance of body composition, in particular depletion of skeletal muscle, in predicting survival following esophagectomy.
Ancestral plastics exposure induces transgenerational disease-specific sperm epigenome-wide association biomarkers
Authors: Thorson Jennifer L M , Beck Daniel , Ben Maamar Millissia , Nilsson Eric E , Skinner Michael K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plastic-derived compounds are one of the most frequent daily worldwide exposures. Previously a mixture of plastic-derived toxicants composed of bisphenol A, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate at low-dose exposures of a gestating female rats was found to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease to the offspring (F1 generation), grand-offspring (F2 generation), and great-grand-offspring (F3 generation). Epigenetic analysis of the male sperm was found to result in differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) in the transgenerational F3 generation male sperm. The current study is distinct and was designed to use an epigenome-wide association study to identify potential sperm DNA methylation biomarkers for specific transgenerational diseases. Observations indicate disease-specific DMRs called epimutations in the transgenerational F3 generation great-grand-offspring of rats ancestrally exposed to plastics. The epigenetic DMR biomarkers were identified for testis disease, kidney disease, and multiple (≥2) diseases. These disease sperm epimutation biomarkers were found to be predominantly disease-specific. The genomic locations and features of these DMRs were identified. Interestingly, the disease-specific DMR-associated genes were previously shown to be linked with each of the specific diseases. Therefore, the germline has ancestrally derived epimutations that potentially transmit transgenerational disease susceptibilities. Epigenetic biomarkers for specific diseases could be used as diagnostics to facilitate clinical management of disease and preventative medicine.
Forest Ownership, Management, and Water Production in Longleaf Pine Forests: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: Susaeta Andres , Alavalapati Janaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study employed stochastic frontier analysis to determine the effects of forest ownership and management on the technical efficiency of water production from longleaf pine forests in the southern United States. Data at the forest-plot level were obtained from the Forest Inventory Analysis, climatic models, and water supply relationships. Results showed that the provision of water was inefficient and significantly different between public and private ownership. Longleaf pine forests under public ownership were modestly more efficient (2.2%–1.5%) in the production of water than private longleaf pine forests. Forest management had a negative impact on the efficiency in water production for privately and publicly owned longleaf pine forests. If 1 hectare of longleaf pine supplied on average 5,000 cubic meters of water per year, the production of water on public and private lands would be reduced to 4,960 and 4,800 cubic meters per year, respectively, with forest management. Efficiency in water supply was found to decline over time in both types of forest ownership.
PopAmaranth: a population genetic genome browser for grain amaranths and their wild relatives
Authors: Gonçalves-Dias José , Stetter Markus G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The combination of genomic, physiological, and population genetic research has accelerated the understanding and improvement of numerous crops. For nonmodel crops, the lack of interdisciplinary research hinders their improvement. Grain amaranth is an ancient nutritious pseudocereal that has been domesticated three times in different regions of the Americas. We present and employ PopAmaranth, a population genetic genome browser, which provides an accessible representation of the genetic variation of the three-grain amaranth species (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus caudatus) and two wild relatives (Amaranthus hybridus and Amaranthus quitensis) along the A. hypochondriacus reference sequence. We performed population-scale diversity and selection analysis from whole-genome sequencing data of 88 curated genetically and taxonomically unambiguously classified accessions. We employ the platform to show that genetic diversity in the water stress-related MIF1 gene declined during amaranth domestication and provide evidence for convergent saponin reduction between amaranth and quinoa. PopAmaranth is available through amaranthGDB at amaranthgdb.org/popamaranth.html
Links Between Mortality and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Disease Burden, and Biological and Physical Functioning in the Aging Chinese Population
Authors: Zhang Yuan S , Strauss John A , Hu Peifeng , Zhao Yaohui , Crimmins Eileen M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesDeterminants of mortality may depend on the time and place where they are examined. China provides an important context in which to study the determinants of mortality at older ages because of its unique social, economic, and epidemiological circumstances. This study uses a nationally representative sample of persons in China to determine how socioeconomic characteristics, early-life conditions, biological and physical functioning, and disease burden predict 4-year mortality after age 60.MethodsWe used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We employed a series of Cox proportional hazard models based on exact survival time to predict 4-year all-cause mortality between the 2011 baseline interview and the 2015 interview.ResultsWe found that rural residence, poor physical functioning ability, uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, cancer, a high level of systemic inflammation, and poor kidney functioning are strong predictors of mortality among older Chinese.DiscussionThe results show that the objectively measured indicators of physical functioning and biomarkers are independent and strong predictors of mortality risk after accounting for several additional self-reported health measures, confirming the value of incorporating biological and performance measurements in population health surveys to help understand health changes and aging processes that lead to mortality. This study also highlights the importance of social and historical context in the study of old-age mortality.
The catabolic triad: case report of fasting, major cardiac surgery and sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors leading to perioperative euglycaemic ketoacidosis
Authors: Smyth Coilin Collins , Collins Maghnus , McCarthy James , Galvin Sinead 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are novel oral hypoglycaemic agents. For patients with diabetes mellitus, without a prior history of myocardial infarction or atherosclerotic disease, SGLT2i have been shown to reduce incident heart failure and worsening renal function. SGLT2i therapy is increasing among patients presenting for cardiac surgery. However, the perioperative use of SGLT2i carries a significant risk of euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis, due to their catabolic mechanism of action. This case report demonstrates euglycaemic ketoacidosis post-coronary artery bypass grafting secondary to SGLT2i, highlighting the multiple risk factors and consequences of this iatrogenic complication.
Implementing structured handoffs to verify operating room blood delivery using a quality academy training program: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Amon Carly C , Paley Adina R , Forbes Judith A , Guzman Leidy V , Rajwani Aliysa A , Trzcinka Agnieszka , Comenzo Raymond L , Drzymalski Dan M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Blood transfusion is a complex process at risk for error.

Objective
To implement a structured handoff during the blood transfusion process to improve delivery verification.

Methods
A multidisciplinary team participated in the quality academy training program at an academic medical center and implemented a structured handoff of blood delivery to the operating room (OR) using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles between 28 October 2019 and 1 December 2019. An interrupted time-series analysis was performed to investigate the proportions of verified deliveries (primary outcome) and of verified deliveries among those without a handoff (secondary outcome). Delivery duration was also assessed.

Results
A total of 2606 deliveries occurred from 1 July 2019 to 19 April 2020. The baseline trend for verified deliveries was unchanging [parameter coefficient −0.0004; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.002 to 0.001; P = 0.623]. Following intervention, there was an immediate level change (parameter coefficient 0.115; 95% CI 0.053 to 0.176; P = 0.001) without slope change (parameter coefficient 0.002; 95% CI −0.004 to 0.007; P = 0.559). For the secondary outcome, there was no immediate level change (parameter coefficient −0.039; 95% CI −0.159 to 0.081; P = 0.503) or slope change (parameter coefficient 0.002; 95% CI −0.022 to 0.025; P = 0.866). The mean (SD) delivery duration during the intervention was 12.4 (2.8) min and during the post-intervention period was 9.6 (1.6) min (mean difference 2.8; 95% CI 0.9 to 4.8; P = 0.008).

Conclusion
Using the quality academy framework supported the implementation of a structured handoff during blood delivery to the OR, resulting in a significant increase in verified deliveries.
UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Main Metabolites in Oral Fluid and Whole Blood for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Duarte Nilo J C , Kupa Léonard V K , Ferreira-Filho Julio C R , Fontoura Nicole , Chalom Marc Y , Romano Paschoalina , Ebner Pérsio A R , Silva Clovis A A , Carvalho Valdemir M , Bonfá Eloisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) blood levels are used to monitor efficacy, safety, and patient adherence during treatment. Oral fluid has emerged as an alternative noninvasive, easily accessible, and low-complexity matrix for drug monitoring. However, there is no analytical method to measure HCQ in oral fluid. Therefore, we developed and validated an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the measurement of HCQ and its main metabolites in oral fluid and compared to whole blood.MethodsTen microliters of matrices were used for sample preparation by protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by online solid phase extraction. The validation process included assessment of lower limit of quantification, linearity, precision, recovery, matrix effect, interferences assessment, carryover, and sample dilution validation.ResultsThe lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL for HCQ and metabolites in both oral fluid and whole blood. The calibration curve was linear from 50 to 2000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.999). The coefficient of variation for precision assay was 1.2% to 9.7% for intraday and 1.1% to 14.2% for interday for both HCQ and metabolites in oral fluid and whole blood samples at 150, 750, and 1250 ng/mL. The recovery was 85.3% to 118.5% for 150, 750, and 1250 ng/mL of HCQ and metabolites in both oral fluid and whole blood. Dilution factor up to 5-fold was validated for concentrations higher than the upper limit of quantification.ConclusionsThe validated method is specific, precise, and accurate to determine the analytical range for therapeutic monitoring of HCQ and its main metabolites in oral fluid and blood.
Contemporary clinical decision support standards using Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources
Authors: Strasberg Howard R , Rhodes Bryn , Del Fiol Guilherme , Jenders Robert A , Haug Peter J , Kawamoto Kensaku 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To facilitate the development of standards-based clinical decision support (CDS) systems, we review the current set of CDS standards that are based on Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). Widespread adoption of these standards may help reduce healthcare variability, improve healthcare quality, and improve patient safety.

Target Audience
This tutorial is designed for the broad informatics community, some of whom may be unfamiliar with the current, FHIR-based CDS standards.

Scope
This tutorial covers the following standards: Arden Syntax (using FHIR as the data model), Clinical Quality Language, FHIR Clinical Reasoning, SMART on FHIR, and CDS Hooks. Detailed descriptions and selected examples are provided.
Pharmacists’ perceptions of a machine learning model for the identification of atypical medication orders
Authors: Hogue Sophie-Camille , Chen Flora , Brassard Geneviève , Lebel Denis , Bussières Jean-François , Durand Audrey , Thibault Maxime 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The study sought to assess the clinical performance of a machine learning model aiming to identify unusual medication orders.

Materials and Methods
This prospective study was conducted at CHU Sainte-Justine, Canada, from April to August 2020. An unsupervised machine learning model based on GANomaly and 2 baselines were trained to learn medication order patterns from 10 years of data. Clinical pharmacists dichotomously (typical or atypical) labeled orders and pharmacological profiles (patients’ medication lists). Confusion matrices, areas under the precision-recall curve (AUPRs), and F1 scores were calculated.

Results
A total of 12 471 medication orders and 1356 profiles were labeled by 25 pharmacists. Medication order predictions showed a precision of 35%, recall (sensitivity) of 26%, and specificity of 97% as compared with pharmacist labels, with an AUPR of 0.25 and an F1 score of 0.30. Profile predictions showed a precision of 49%, recall of 75%, and specificity of 82%, with an AUPR of 0.60, and an F1 score of 0.59. The model performed better than the baselines. According to the pharmacists, the model was a useful screening tool, and 9 of 15 participants preferred predictions by medication, rather than by profile.

Discussion
Predictions for profiles had higher F1 scores and recall compared with medication order predictions. Although the performance was much better for profile predictions, pharmacists generally preferred medication order predictions.

Conclusions
Based on the AUPR, this model showed better performance for the identification of atypical pharmacological profiles than for medication orders. Pharmacists considered the model a useful screening tool. Improving these predictions should be prioritized in future research to maximize clinical impact.
Contribution to the Taxonomy and Host-Relations of the Genus Serratacarus (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae)
Authors: Jacinavicius Fernando de Castro , Huang-Bastos Matheus , Welbourn Cal , Ochoa Ron , Barros-Battesti Darci Moraes , Bassini-Silva Ricardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The genus SerratacarusGoff and Whitaker 1984, currently includes only two species, Serratacarus dietzi Goff and Whitaker, 1994 and Serratacarus lasiurus Goff and Whitaker, 1994, which were recorded on cricetid rodents from natural reserve areas of Brazil. Here, we provide a review of the morphological characters for both species and synonymize of the species Trombewingia brasiliensisGoff and Gettinger, 1991 with S. lasiurus. Additionally, we provide new locality records for both species and the first record for S. dietzi on southeastern four-eyed opossum, Philander frenatus Olfers, 1818 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae).
Assessment of Tropical Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Infestations in Cape Coast, Ghana: Household Control Practices and Efficacy of Commercial Insecticides and Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets Against Field Bed Bugs
Authors: Deku Godwin , Combey Rofela , Doggett Stephen L , Mensah Benjamin A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study reports the first baseline information on tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), infestations in Ghana. The purpose of this study was to assess bed bug infestation levels, and the efficacy of locally available insecticides and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in controlling field bed bugs populations in the Cape Coast region. A survey was undertaken to assess bed bug infestation levels and current control practices by residents. In total, 205 bed bug affected households were identified in 20 communities and live bed bug infestations were associated with most of these premises. Many homeowners knew of other households (from 1 to 3) with a bed bug infestation. Residents reported itching and swelling of the skin from the bed bug bites and the bites were considered severe. The most common household bed bug control strategy was the application of insecticides. However, LLINs and commercially formulated insecticides commonly used by households (notably chloropyrifos and pyrethroid-based formulations) did not efficaciously suppress field collected strains of C. hemipterus. Using a dipping bioassay, mean mortality ranged from 0 to 60% for eggs, nymphs, and adults, and less than 40% mortality was observed in bed bugs placed on insecticide-treated filter paper. Each LLINs (all are pyrethroid based) produced a mean mortality of less than 20% in adult bed bugs. For a more effective response to the global bed bug resurgence in developing countries, government and supporting agencies need to render assistance to bed bug affected residents through the provision of improved pest management strategies.
Abundance and Seasonality of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Two Suburban Localities of South Mexico, With Implications for Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae)-Carrying Male Releases for Population Suppression
Authors: Che-Mendoza Azael , Martin-Park Abdiel , Chávez-Trava Juan Manuel , Contreras-Perera Yamili , Delfín-González Hugo , González-Olvera Gabriela , Leirana-Alcocer Jorge , Guillermo-May Guillermo , Chan-Espinoza Daniel , Pavia-Ruz Norma , Méndez-Vales Rosa Eugenia , Alcocer-Gamboa Alberto , Correa-Morales Fabian , Palacio-Vargas Jorge , Zhang Dongjing , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Xi Zhiyong , Manrique-Saide Pablo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We conducted a baseline characterization of the abundance and seasonality of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)—a vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika—in two suburban localities of Yucatan, Mexico, as the first step in the implementation of an integrated vector management (IVM) plan combining ‘traditional Aedes control’ (source reduction/truck-mounted ultra-low volume [ULV] spraying) and incompatible insect technique/sterile insect technique for population suppression in Yucatan, Mexico. Weekly entomological collections with ovitraps and BG-sentinel traps were performed in 1-ha quadrants of both localities for 1 yr. Three distinct periods/phases were identified, closely associated with precipitation: 1) a phase of low population abundance during the dry season (weekly average of Aedes eggs per ovitrap and adults per BG trap = 15.51 ± 0.71 and 10.07 ± 0.88, respectively); 2) a phase of population growth and greatest abundance of Aedes (49.03 ± 1.48 eggs and 25.69 ± 1.31 adults) during the rainy season; and finally 3) a phase of decline among populations (20.91 ± 0.97 eggs and 3.24 ± 0.21 adults) after the peak of the rainy season. Seasonal abundance and dynamics of Ae. aegypti populations suggest that it is feasible to develop and implement time-specific actions as part of an IVM approach incorporating integrating novel technologies (such as rear-and-release of Wolbachia-infected males) with classic (insecticide-based) approaches implemented routinely for vector control. In agreement with the local vector control program, we propose a pilot IVM strategy structured in a preparation phase, an attack phase with traditional vector control, and a suppression phase with inundative releases, which are described in this paper.
Maintenance and Productivity of a Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) Colony from an Area Endemic for Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Rosa Cristina , Nava Piorsky Dominici Cruz Léo , da Silva Coutinho João Manoel , Correia Santana Núrzia Cristina , Macário Rebêlo José Manuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Studies on experimental sand fly infection require the availability of colonies and laboratory conditions. In Brazil, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Lutz and Neiva 1912) is responsible for the highest infection rates by Leishmania spp. and this species is one of the most suitable species for laboratory colonization. In this study, we describe a method for growing Lu. longipalpis in laboratory conditions (10 generations) from natural populations sampled from a region of high endemicity for visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. Using two methods (individualized or grouped females), the colony’s highest productivity occurred in the first four generations, where all stages presented with high frequency. Nonviable eggs represented more than 50% of the total eggs produced by engorged females, while pupae were more resistant to fungal contamination, with a mortality rate of only 2%. In both methods, there was a predominance of female emergence; however, the ratio between males and females did not show significant differences, IF (P = 0.8023) and GF (P = 0.1831). Using the method of individualized females, the F4 generation took the longest to appear (234 d; 64 ± 57 d); by grouped females, F3 took the longest to appear (102 d; 47 ± 20 d). This method provides sufficient numbers of insects to perform vector competence tests for Leishmania spp. that cause the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis, usually found in Lu. longipalpis sampled from the study location.