bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fixed Angle Scattering Problem with a First-Order Perturbation
Authors: Meroño Cristóbal J. , Potenciano-Machado Leyter , Salo Mikko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the inverse scattering problem of determining a magnetic field and electric potential from scattering measurements corresponding to finitely many plane waves. The main result shows that the coefficients are uniquely determined by 2n measurements up to a natural gauge. We also show that one can recover the full first-order term for a related equation having no gauge invariance, and that it is possible to reduce the number of measurements if the coefficients have certain symmetries. This work extends the fixed angle scattering results of Rakesh and Salo (SIAM J Math Anal 52(6):5467–5499, 2020) and (Inverse Probl 36(3):035005, 2020) to Hamiltonians with first-order perturbations, and it is based on wave equation methods and Carleman estimates.
Inanspruchnahme und Ausgaben in der zahnmedizinischen Versorgung
Authors: Walter Michael H. , Rädel Michael 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Inanspruchnahme und Ausgaben gehören zu den wichtigsten Kenngrößen von Versorgungssystemen. Sie erlauben auch Rückschlüsse auf die Ausrichtung der praktizierten Zahnmedizin.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, den Status quo der Inanspruchnahme zahnärztlicher Versorgung in Deutschland und der diesbezüglichen Ausgaben anhand vorhandener Routinedaten aus der vertragszahnärztlichen Versorgung zu beschreiben.

Material und Methoden
Die zugrunde liegenden Analysen wurden den jährlichen Zahnreporten der gesetzlichen Krankenkasse BARMER entnommen. Sie basieren auf deutschlandweiten Abrechnungsdaten von 2010 bis 2018.

Ergebnisse
Die Inanspruchnahme zahnärztlicher Leistungen liegt in Deutschland mit jährlichen Raten um 70 % überdurchschnittlich hoch. Für Füllungen lag die Inanspruchnahmerate 2018 in den Altersgruppen zwischen 30 und 79 Jahren durchgehend um 30 %, für Neueingliederungen von Zahnersatz und Zahnkronen in den Altersgruppen von 55 bis 84 Jahren bei mindestens 10 %. Im Bereich der Prävention war ein kontinuierlicher Anstieg für Früherkennungsuntersuchungen bei Kindern zu verzeichnen (31,9 % in 2010, 35,2 % in 2018). Bei individualprophylaktischen Maßnahmen bei 6‑ bis 17-Jährigen war kein klarer Trend erkennbar (64,0 % in 2010, 65,4 % in 2018). Die Ausgaben der gesetzlichen Krankenkasse stiegen moderat.

Diskussion
Durch die hohe Inanspruchnahme sind gute Voraussetzungen für eine präventionsorientierte Zahnmedizin gegeben. Wenn auch eine positive Tendenz zu einer leicht steigenden Inanspruchnahme präventiver Leistungen erkennbar ist, bildet sich im Versorgungsgeschehen nach wie vor eine mehrheitlich auf invasive Intervention orientierte Zahnmedizin ab. Als sinnvolle Instrumente zur Umsetzung eines substanziellen Paradigmenwechsels können unter anderem eine weitere Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung und präventionsfördernde Anreize angesehen werden.
Polygenic risk scores predict diabetes complications and their response to intensive blood pressure and glucose control
Authors: Tremblay Johanne , Haloui Mounsif , Attaoua Redha , Tahir Ramzan , Hishmih Camil , Harvey François , Marois-Blanchet François-Christophe , Long Carole , Simon Paul , Santucci Lara , Hizel Candan , Chalmers John , Marre Michel , Harrap Stephen , Cífková Renata , Krajčoviechová Alena , Matthews David R. , Williams Bryan , Poulter Neil , Zoungas Sophia , Colagiuri Stephen , Mancia Giuseppe , Grobbee Diederick E. , Rodgers Anthony , Liu Liusheng , Agbessi Mawussé , Bruat Vanessa , Favé Marie-Julie , Harwood Michelle P. , Awadalla Philip , Woodward Mark , Hussin Julie G. , Hamet Pavel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular and renal complications, but early risk prediction could lead to timely intervention and better outcomes. Genetic information can be used to enable early detection of risk.

Methods
We developed a multi-polygenic risk score (multiPRS) that combines ten weighted PRSs (10 wPRS) composed of 598 SNPs associated with main risk factors and outcomes of type 2 diabetes, derived from summary statistics data of genome-wide association studies. The 10 wPRS, first principal component of ethnicity, sex, age at onset and diabetes duration were included into one logistic regression model to predict micro- and macrovascular outcomes in 4098 participants in the ADVANCE study and 17,604 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank study.

Results
The model showed a similar predictive performance for cardiovascular and renal complications in different cohorts. It identified the top 30% of ADVANCE participants with a mean of 3.1-fold increased risk of major micro- and macrovascular events (p = 6.3 × 10−21 and p = 9.6 × 10−31, respectively) and a 4.4-fold (p = 6.8 × 10−33) higher risk of cardiovascular death. While in ADVANCE overall, combined intensive blood pressure and glucose control decreased cardiovascular death by 24%, the model identified a high-risk group in whom it decreased the mortality rate by 47%, and a low-risk group in whom it had no discernible effect. High-risk individuals had the greatest absolute risk reduction with a number needed to treat of 12 to prevent one cardiovascular death over 5 years.

Conclusions/interpretation
This novel multiPRS model stratified individuals with type 2 diabetes according to risk of complications and helped to target earlier those who would receive greater benefit from intensive therapy.

Graphical abstract
High signal intensity on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images is a useful finding for detecting early-stage pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kurita Akira , Mori Yoshiharu , Someya Yuko , Kubo Shigeto , Azuma Shunjiro , Iwano Kosuke , Ikeda Satoshi , Okumura Ryosuke , Yazumi Shujiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may improve the prognosis. We evaluated novel imaging findings that may contribute to early detection.

Methods
This single-center, retrospective study enrolled 37 patients with a localized main pancreatic duct (MPD) stricture and no obvious pancreatic mass. All patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and brush sampling with cytology and serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination via endoscopic naso-pancreatic drainage. Patients with cytology-confirmed malignancy underwent surgical resection. The remaining patients were followed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Results
Twenty patients had confirmed malignancy (cancer group) and 17 did not (non-cancer group). Age, MPD stricture location, and PDAC risk factors were similar, but the sex predominance and symptom rate differed between the two groups. In the cancer group, 17 patients were diagnosed by cytology and three by clinical symptoms. CECT, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed no solid tumors in either group. CECT revealed no significant differences between groups. Diffusion-weighted MRI revealed significant differences in the signal intensity between groups. EUS detected indistinct and small hypoechoic areas in 70% and 41.2% of patients in the cancer and non-cancer groups, respectively. In the cancer group, 11 were diagnosed with cancer at the first indication, and nine were diagnosed at follow-up; the prognosis did not differ between these two subgroups.ss

Conclusions
High signal intensity in diffusion-weighted MRI may be useful for detecting early-stage PDAC and may be an indication for surgical resection even without pathologic confirmation.

Clinical trial registration
The study was a registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000039623).

Graphic abstract
Retrospective comparison of conservative treatment and surgery for widely displaced olecranon fractures in low-demanding geriatric patients
Authors: Kaiser Peter , Stock Kerstin , Benedikt Stefan , Kastenberger Tobias , Schmidle Gernot , Arora Rohit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference of the clinical outcome of elderly patients who were treated surgically or conservatively for a displaced olecranon fracture (Mayo type IIA or IIB).

Patients and methods
Patients above the age of 70 years who were treated surgically (n = 11) for a displaced Mayo type IIA and IIB olecranon fracture between July 2015 and February 2019 were retrospectively compared with patients who were treated conservatively (n = 6). The range of motion, elbow strength, grip strength, VAS, DASH, OES, MEPI and Broberg and Morrey scores were evaluated.

Results
The conservative group showed a non-union with a persistent fracture gap of 17 mm (SD 12 mm) at the articular rim and 31 mm (15 mm) at the dorsal rim while there was no case of non-union in the surgical group. The arch of motion was 120° in the conservative group and 136° in the surgical group. There was no obvious difference in elbow extension strength in comparison to the healthy contralateral side (p = 0.20; 88% group I/87% group II). There was no difference in the OES (p = 0.30; 42 (SD 7) vs. 45 (SD 5)) and MEPI score (p = 0.46; (SD 8) vs. 96 (SD 19)). The conservative group presented a slightly worse DASH [p = 0.10; 26 (SD 25) vs 7 (SD 14)] and a significantly worse Broberg and Morrey score (p = 0.02; 84(SD 9) vs. 95 (SD 7)). The conservative group presented one complication (ulnar nerve palsy), while the surgical group presented two cases (prolonged lymphedema; blocked forearm rotation due to screw length with consecutive revision surgery).

Conclusion
Widely displaced olecranon fractures can successfully be treated conservatively in low-demanding geriatric patients with a satisfactory outcome. Patient selection is essential as patients that are more active might benefit from surgical treatment. Yet, treatment risks and benefits need to be balanced carefully in regard to the patient`s demands and requests.
Increase in testosterone levels is related to a lower risk of conversion of prediabetes to manifest diabetes in prediabetic males
Authors: Leutner Michael , Matzhold Caspar , Bellach Luise , Wohlschläger-Krenn Evelyne , Winker Robert , Nistler Sonja , Endler Georg , Thurner Stefan , Klimek Peter , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Background
Testosterone plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. While earlier studies have shown that it has a protective effect in males, unfavorable effects of testosterone on glucose metabolism have been reported in females; however, whether there is a sex-specific relationship between testosterone and glucose metabolism in patients with prediabetes has not been investigated in detail hitherto.

Methods
This cross-sectional analysis investigated 423 males and 287 females with diagnosed prediabetes. Detailed assessment of their metabolic profiles was performed, including a 2‑h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c levels, calculation of insulin resistance with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), assessment of lipid metabolism, anthropometric parameters and the fatty liver index (FLI). By using Spearman’s correlation test, we investigated the sex-specific relationship between testosterone and metabolism in the prediabetic individuals.

Results
In the present study, prediabetic females (mean age 58.6 years, confidence interval [CI: 57.6 y; 59.5 y]) were characterized by lower fasting plasma glucose levels (104.2 mg/dl [CI: 103.0 mg/dl; 105.4 mg/dl] vs. 106.9 mg/dl [CI: 106.0 mg/dl; 107.8 mg/dl]) and a lower FLI (49.5 [CI: 45.7; 53.2] vs. 58.8 [CI: 55.8; 61.8]), but presented with a higher risk of developing manifest type 2 diabetes in the next 10 years (FINDRISK score: 17.6 [CI: 17.1; 18.1] vs. 16.1 [CI: 15.7; 16.5]) when compared to prediabetic males (mean age: 58.04 years [CI: 57.0 y; 59.1 y]). Testosterone was negatively related to insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: Spearman’s ρ: −0.33, p < 0.01), 2‑h stimulated glucose levels during the OGTT (ρ = −0.18, p < 0.01), HbA1c levels (ρ = −0.13, p < 0.05), FLI and BMI in prediabetic males; however, no relationship between testosterone and metabolic parameters could be found in prediabetic females.

Conclusion
The increase of testosterone levels in males was related to a more favorable glucose metabolism, including lower HbA1c, lower stimulated glucose levels and higher insulin sensitivity; however, in prediabetic females, testosterone was not related to glucose metabolism.
Separation and not residency permit restores function in resignation syndrome: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sallin Karl , Evers Kathinka , Jarbin Håkan , Joelsson Lars , Petrovic Predrag 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite poor treatment results, a family-oriented approach and the securing of residency have been deemed essential to recovery from resignation syndrome (RS). In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated an alternative method involving environmental therapy, with patients separated from their parents, while actively abstaining from involving the asylum process in treatment. We examined medical records, social services acts, and residential care home acts from 13 individuals treated at Solsidan residential care home between 2005 and 2020. Severity and outcome were assessed with Clinical Global Impression, Severity and Improvement subscales. Thirteen participants were included and out of these nine (69%) recovered, i.e. they very much or much improved. Out of the eight that were separated, all recovered, also, one non-separated recovered. The difference in outcome between subjects separated and not was significant (p = 0.007). Moreover, out of the five which received a residency permit during treatment, one recovered whereas four did not. The difference in outcome between subjects granted residency and not was significant (p = 0.007). The data revealed three (23%) cases of simulation where parents were suspected to have instigated symptoms. Our evaluation suggests that separation from parents and abstaining from invoking residency permit could be essential components when treating RS. Relying on a family-oriented approach, and residency could even be detrimental to recovery. The examined intervention was successful also in cases of probable malingering by proxy.
Evidence of an Eleventh-Century AD Cola Nitida Trade into the Middle Niger Region
Authors: Gestrich Nikolas , Champion Louis , Keïta Daouda , Coulibaly Nafogo , Fuller Dorian Q. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKola nut (Colacf.nitida) and Safou fruit (Dacryodes edulis) remains have been discovered in eleventh- to fourteenth-century archaeological contexts at Togu Missiri near Ségou in Mali. These remains are evidence of early trade in perishable foodstuffs from the West African forest zone into the Middle Niger region. On the basis of these finds, this paper argues that long-distance trade links were well established by the end of the first millennium AD. It thereby supports the hypothesis that dates the inception of trade between the West African forest zone and the savanna regions to the first millennium AD. The circumstances of the find are discussed, as are the implications for our understanding of the wider exchange network based on the Niger River system in the late first and early second millennium CE.
Can Offline Testing of Deep Neural Networks Replace Their Online Testing?
Authors: Haq Fitash Ul , Shin Donghwan , Nejati Shiva , Briand Lionel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe distinguish two general modes of testing for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs): Offline testing where DNNs are tested as individual units based on test datasets obtained without involving the DNNs under test, and online testing where DNNs are embedded into a specific application environment and tested in a closed-loop mode in interaction with the application environment. Typically, DNNs are subjected to both types of testing during their development life cycle where offline testing is applied immediately after DNN training and online testing follows after offline testing and once a DNN is deployed within a specific application environment. In this paper, we study the relationship between offline and online testing. Our goal is to determine how offline testing and online testing differ or complement one another and if offline testing results can be used to help reduce the cost of online testing? Though these questions are generally relevant to all autonomous systems, we study them in the context of automated driving systems where, as study subjects, we use DNNs automating end-to-end controls of steering functions of self-driving vehicles. Our results show that offline testing is less effective than online testing as many safety violations identified by online testing could not be identified by offline testing, while large prediction errors generated by offline testing always led to severe safety violations detectable by online testing. Further, we cannot exploit offline testing results to reduce the cost of online testing in practice since we are not able to identify specific situations where offline testing could be as accurate as online testing in identifying safety requirement violations.
Ionic and Thermal Transport in Na-Ion-Conducting Ceramic Electrolytes
Authors: Rohde Magnus , Mohsin Ijaz U. I. , Ziebert Carlos , Seifert Hans Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe have studied the ionic and thermal transport properties along with the thermodynamic key properties of a Na-ion-conducting phosphate ceramic. The system Na1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (NATP) with x = 0.3 was taken as a NASICON-structured model system which is a candidate material for solid electrolytes in post-Li energy storage. The commercially available powder (NEI Coorp., USA) was consolidated using cold isostatic pressing before sintering. In order to compare NATP with the “classical” NASICON system, Na1+xZr2(SiO4)x(PO4)3−x (NaZSiP) was synthesized with compositions of x = 1.7 and x = 2, respectively, and characterized with regard to their ionic and thermal transport behavior. While ionic conductivity of the NaZSiP compositions was about more than two orders of magnitude higher than in NATP, the thermal conductivity of the NASICON compound showed an opposite behavior. The room temperature value was about a factor two higher in NATP compared to NaZSiP. While the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing temperature in NATP, it increases with increasing temperature in NaZSiP. However, the overall change of this thermal transport parameter over the measured temperature range from room temperature up to 800 °C appeared to be relatively small.
An efficient algorithm for solving piecewise-smooth dynamical systems
Authors: Guglielmi Nicola , Hairer Ernst 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article considers the numerical treatment of piecewise-smooth dynamical systems. Classical solutions as well as sliding modes up to codimension-2 are treated. An algorithm is presented that, in the case of non-uniqueness, selects a solution that is the formal limit solution of a regularized problem. The numerical solution of a regularized differential equation, which creates stiffness and often also high oscillations, is avoided.
Concern about addiction is associated with lower quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis: an exploratory, real-world data analysis
Authors: Garrison Louis P. , Schepman Patricia , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Robinson Rebecca L. , Tive Leslie , Hall Jerry , Dzingina Mendwas , Jackson James , Berry Mia , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Silverman Stuart 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the relationship between self-reported concerns about becoming addicted to a medication and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods
This real-world study used patient-level cross-sectional survey data collected from the US Adelphi Disease Specific Programme (DSP). The DSP for OA selected 153 physicians who collected de-identified data on their next nine adult patients with OA. Each patient completed a disease-relevant survey, which included the Likert-scale question, “I am concerned about becoming addicted to my medicine,” (CAA) with responses ranging from “completely disagree” [1] to “completely agree” [5]. HRQoL was measured by the EQ-5D-5L index value and the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). A set of ordinary least squares regressions using HRQoL measures as outcomes and CAA as a continuous predictor were estimated. Standardized effect size (ES) was used to gauge the magnitude of effects.

Results
A total of 866 patients with OA completed the survey (female, 61.2%; White, 77.7%; mean age, 64.2 years). Of the 775 patients who completed the CAA question, almost one-third responded that they “agree” (18%) or “completely agree” (11%), while 27% responded “completely disagree” and 20% “disagree.” Regression analyses found that patients who have concerns about medication addiction have significantly different EQ-5D-5L index values and EQ VAS scores compared with patients who do not have this concern (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that concern about medication addiction in patients with OA may have an impact on patient HRQoL, with more concerned patients reporting poorer HRQoL outcomes.
Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae
Authors: Muggia Lucia , Quan Yu , Gueidan Cécile , Al-Hatmi Abdullah M. S. , Grube Martin , de Hoog Sybren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.