bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’épigramme grecque du tombeau de Maiorinus à Buṣr al-Ḥarīri (Syrie du Sud) Poésie funéraire et prosopographie dans la province romaine d’Arabie
Authors: Aliquot Julien 
Published: April 2021

Les deux célèbres épitaphes métriques gravées sur le tombeau du sénateur romain Maiorinus à Buṣr al-Ḥarīri, dans le sud de la Syrie actuelle, ont été reprises en 2014 dans le quinzième tome des Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie (IGLS), consacré au plateau du Trachôn. Ces documents sont ici republiés et commentés à la lueur d’une nouvelle lecture de l’épigramme grecque, selon laquelle le défunt serait le parent ou le collègue d’un certain « Kertos, très fidèle aux empereurs et irréprochable ». Tout comme Maiorinus, qui a fini sa carrière comme préfet du prétoire en Orient, Kertos (Certus) se révèle ainsi avoir été un haut fonctionnaire de l’État romain, qui a servi sous le règne de plusieurs empereurs dans la première moitié du ive siècle après J.‑C., sans doute Constantin et Constance II. Le même homme semble également mentionné dans l’épigramme funéraire d’un juriste de Kolybrassos, en Pamphylie. D’après ce poème, il a pu occuper dans l’administration civile un poste supérieur à celui d’un gouverneur provincial, peut-être celui de comte d’Orient. L’étude de son parcours et de ses réseaux laisse entrevoir l’ascension sociale et politique d’une famille de notables originaire du nord de la province romaine d’Arabie dans l’Antiquité tardive.
G3BP1 Inhibition Alleviates Intracellular Nucleic Acid–Induced Autoimmune Responses
Authors: Cai Hong , Liu Xin , Zhang Feng , Han Qiu-Ying , Liu Zhao-Shan , Xue Wen , Guo Zeng-Lin , Zhao Jiang-Man , Sun Li-Ming , Wang Na , Mao Jie , He Kun , Xia Tian , Chen Yuan , Chen Liang , Li Ai-Ling , Zhou Tao , Zhang Xue-Min , Li Wei-Hua , Li Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The detection of intracellular nucleic acids is a fundamental mechanism of host defense against infections. The dysregulated nucleic acid sensing, however, is a major cause for a number of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we report that GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is critical for both intracellular DNA- and RNA-induced immune responses. We found that in both human and mouse cells, the deletion of G3BP1 led to the dampened cGAS activation by DNA and the insufficient binding of RNA by RIG-I. We further found that resveratrol (RSVL), a natural compound found in grape skin, suppressed both intracellular DNA- and RNA-induced type I IFN production through inhibiting G3BP1. Importantly, using experimental mouse models for Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, an autoimmune disorder found in humans, we demonstrated that RSVL effectively alleviated intracellular nucleic acid–stimulated autoimmune responses. Thus, our study demonstrated a broader role of G3BP1 in sensing different kinds of intracellular nucleic acids and presented RSVL as a potential treatment for autoimmune conditions caused by dysregulated nucleic acid sensing.
Transglutaminase 2 Regulates Innate Immunity by Modulating the STING/TBK1/IRF3 Axis
Authors: Occhigrossi Luca , Rossin Federica , D’Eletto Manuela , Farrace Maria Grazia , Ciccosanti Fabiola , Petrone Linda , Sacchi Alessandra , Nardacci Roberta , Falasca Laura , Del Nonno Franca , Palucci Ivana , Smirnov Evgeni , Barlev Nick , Agrati Chiara , Goletti Delia , Delogu Giovanni , Fimia Gian Maria , Piacentini Mauro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We have recently shown that type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) plays a key role in the host’s inflammatory response during bacterial infections. In this study, we investigated whether the enzyme is involved in the regulation of the STING pathway, which is the main signaling activated in the presence of both self- and pathogen DNA in the cytoplasm, leading to type I IFN (IFN I) production. In this study, we demonstrated that TG2 negatively regulates STING signaling by impairing IRF3 phosphorylation in bone marrow–derived macrophages, isolated from wild-type and TG2 knockout mice. In the absence of TG2, we found an increase in the IFN-β production and in the downstream JAK/STAT pathway activation. Interestingly, proteomic analysis revealed that TG2 interacts with TBK1, affecting its interactome composition. Indeed, TG2 ablation facilitates the TBK1–IRF3 interaction, thus indicating that the enzyme plays a negative regulatory effect on IRF3 recruitment in the STING/TBK1 complex. In keeping with these findings, we observed an increase in the IFNβ production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from COVID-19–positive dead patients paralleled by a dramatic decrease of the TG2 expression in the lung pneumocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that TG2 plays a negative regulation on the IFN-β production associated with the innate immunity response to the cytosolic presence of both self- and pathogen DNA.
MYO1F Regulates IgE and MRGPRX2-Dependent Mast Cell Exocytosis
Authors: Navinés-Ferrer Arnau , Ainsua-Enrich Erola , Serrano-Candelas Eva , Proaño-Pérez Elizabeth , Muñoz-Cano Rosa , Gastaminza Gabriel , Olivera Ana , Martin Margarita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe activation and degranulation of mast cells is critical in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation and modulation of inflammation. Recently, we demonstrated that the unconventional long-tailed myosin, MYO1F, localizes with cortical F-actin and mediates adhesion and migration of mast cells. In this study, we show that knockdown of MYO1F by short hairpin RNA reduces human mast cell degranulation induced by both IgE crosslinking and by stimulation of the Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), which has been associated with allergic and pseudoallergic drug reactions, respectively. Defective degranulation was accompanied by a reduced reassembly of the cortical actin ring after activation but reversed by inhibition of actin polymerization. Our data show that MYO1F is required for full Cdc42 GTPase activation, a critical step in exocytosis. Furthermore, MYO1F knockdown resulted in less granule localization in the cell membrane and fewer fissioned mitochondria along with deficient mitochondria translocation to exocytic sites. Consistent with that, AKT and DRP1 phosphorylation are diminished in MYO1F knockdown cells. Altogether, our data point to MYO1F as an important regulator of mast cell degranulation by contributing to the dynamics of the cortical actin ring and the distribution of both the secretory granules and mitochondria.
Cutting Edge: TCR-β Selection Is Required at the CD4+CD8+ Stage of Human T Cell Development
Authors: Chen Edward L. Y. , Brauer Patrick M. , Martinez Elisa C. , Huang Xiaotian , Yu Ning , Anderson Michele K. , Li Yang , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
T cell development is predicated on the successful rearrangement of the TCR gene loci, which encode for Ag-specific receptors. Recombination-activating gene (RAG) 2 is required for TCR gene rearrangements, which occur during specific stages of T cell development. In this study, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells with a CRISPR/Cas9-directed deletion of the RAG2 gene (RAG2-KO) to elucidate the requirement for the TCR β-chain in mediating β-selection during human T cell development. In stark contrast to mice, human RAG2-KO T lineage progenitors progressed to the CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) stage in the absence of TCRβ rearrangements. Nonetheless, RAG2-KO DPs retrovirally transduced to express a rearranged TCR β-chain showed increased survival and proliferation as compared with control-transduced RAG2-KO DPs. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis showed that TCRβ- and control-transduced RAG2-KO DPs differed in gene pathways related to survival and proliferation. Our results provide important insights as to the distinct requirement for the TCR β-chain during human T cell development.
Assessment of self-reported adherence to ART and patient's virological/CD4 response in a tertiary care clinic and government free ART clinic
Authors: Patel Rushin , Pandya Amee , Patel Ketan K , Malhotra Supriya , Patel Atul K 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Treatment adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is critical in reducing morbidity, mortality, and improving the survival in HIV patients. ART is a life-long commitment, and the variety of factors can influence treatment adherence. We studied the factors affecting treatment adherence in the private sector and public sector outdoor clinic in Ahmedabad, India. The primary objective of this study is to compare the level of adherence and factors that influence adherence to ART in patients attending government run free ART program and private setup.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8 weeks among HIV-infected patients who were receiving ART from private clinic and free ART center from July 2019 to September 2019. We enrolled all consecutive patients >18 years of age attending both clinics. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version 25.0. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the factors that were independently associated with adherence to ART.

Results:
The study enrolled 306 patients, 151 (49.34%) from the outpatient department of private hospital, and 155 (50.65%) from the free ART center. Patients attending private clinics were more likely to have been diagnosed with HIV since ≥10 years compared to free ART center. Higher opportunistic infection rates were found in free ART center (64.51%). Treatment adherence was significantly lower in the patients attending free ART center (P = 0.004). Patients taking concomitant medications for other comorbid conditions (≥4 pills/day) were more likely to exhibit inadequate adherence ([odds ratio] 1.216, 95% confidence interval 1.0171–1.454). Univariate analysis showed that age, education, habits of alcohol, tobacco, number of pills, and duration of disease played a significant role in predicting adherence to ART (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Patients attending private clinic are surviving longer with HIV diagnosis, have fewer opportunistic infections, and have better treatment adherence compared to free ART clinic.
Virological outcome and frequency of low-level viremia in patients receiving generic dolutegravir-containing regimen at a large tertiary care clinic in Western India
Authors: Patel Atul K. , Patel Ketan K. , Pujari Sanjay , Patel Jagdish K. , Kumar Ambuj 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Dolutegravir (DTG) is widely used for the management of naïve and treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients. Low-level viremia (LLV) is common in patients receiving nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor- and protease inhibitor-containing regimens. However, the incidence of LLV associated with DTG-containing regimen is not well known.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the virological response associated with DTG-containing regimens and explored frequencies of LLV and risk factors for the same.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected patients receiving generic DTG-containing regimen from February 2017 to July 2019. All adult patients (≥18 years), who completed at least the first follow-up after initiating treatment, were included in this study. LLV was defined as plasma viral load between 20 and 200 copies/ml.

Results:
A total of 597 patients started DTG-containing regimen during the study period, of which 522 patients met the inclusion criteria. The study patients were categorized into five groups: naïve (n = 86), first-line failure (n = 32), second-line failure (n = 53), switch (n = 325), and HIV-2 (n = 26). Complete virological suppression at 6, 12, and 18 months was achieved in 78.5%, 81.1%, and 70.9% of the patients, respectively. Furthermore, 17.9%, 12.9%, and 23.3% of the patients had LLV at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. Persistent LLV was found in 2.9% of the patients. Overall, DTG was well tolerated and was discontinued in only three patients due to neuropsychiatric side effects.

Conclusion:
DTG is well tolerated and effective in suppressing HIV across all antiretroviral treatment categories. The rate of persistent LLV is low in DTG-containing therapy.
Evaluation of point of care serum cryptococcal antigen by lateral flow immunoassay for diagnosis of cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-positive patients
Authors: Kamble Ulka , Dheeresh K. H. , Bhosale Kakasaheb , Indu M. B. , Sharma Brijesh , Chowdhary Anuradha 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the initial acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illness in 2% of patients with CD4 levels <100/μL and a leading cause of mortality in AIDS in the developing world. It is the most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in AIDS in various Indian studies. Detection of serum cryptococcal antigen (SCRAG) is the most widely used diagnostic method for cryptococcosis. The presence of cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal antigen (CSF CRAG) is diagnostic of CM. CRAG can be determined by latex agglutination (LAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and now, by lateral flow (LFA)immunoassay. LFA is a point of care test that rapidly detects CRAG.

Aims and Objectives:
This study compares LAT and LFA for the detection of serum CRAG and diagnosing CM.

Materials and methods:
Two hundred and ten patients of HIV/AIDS were submitted to SCRAG LFA by dipstick. A sample was also sent to laboratory for SCRAG by LAT. CSF examination was done for those who were positive for SCRAG LFA and those who had symptoms suggestive of meningitis. SCRAG by LFA was compared with SCRAG by LAT, CSF CRAG by LAT and LFA, CSF cryptococcal culture and CSF India ink examination for Cryptococcus.

Results:
Fifteen patients were found positive for SCRAG by LFA dipstick. All of them were also positive for SCRAG by LAT. Twelve of them had C. D4 count below below 100 cells/mm3. CSF CRAG was positive in all 12 SCRAG positive who were submitted to CSF examination.

Conclusion:
We found that serum detection of CRAG by LFA dipstick is as sensitive as CRAG detection in serum by LAT and CSF CRAG detection by LFA and LAT. It is thus a rapid test for diagnosing CM in HIV patients with low CD4 counts.
Hyperpigmentation Post Laser Hair Removal in Patients Taking Vitamin D Supplements
Authors: Altalhab Saad , AlJasser Mohammed I. , Alshaalan Ziad M. , Ahmad Rima M. , Alghamdi Leena , Alnoshan Abdulaziz A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Laser hair removal (LHR) is a common procedure for the removal of unwanted hair. Although it is generally safe, it is associated with some adverse effects including hyperpigmentation.

Purpose:
In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of postlaser hyperpigmentation in patients taking Vitamin D supplements.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study of patients who underwent LHR. Each patient was interviewed and asked about their intake of Vitamin D supplements, and the primary outcome was whether hyperpigmentation was reported after LHR in the past 6 months. LHR treatment details were also documented.

Results:
A total of 508 patients were included with a mean age of 29 ± 9 years. Post-LHR hyperpigmentation was more prevalent in females and in those taking oral Vitamin D. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Vitamin D intake was independently associated with more risk of hyperpigmentation post LHR (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 2.6 [1.17–5.80], P = 0.020).

Conclusion:
Vitamin D intake may be associated with an increased risk of hyperpigmentation post LHR. Causality cannot be assessed.
Management of Localized Juvenile Spongiotic Gingival Hyperplasia
Authors: Mawardi Hani H. , Almazrooa Soulafa A. , Turkstani Heba A. , Balkhair Razan S. , Almasoudi Alaa G. , Bakhamis Bushra A. , Azzouz Lujain Z. , Alshareef Tahani A. , Alsulami Soha E. , Alsahafi Sarah A. , Albarqi Asma A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) is an uncommon condition presenting as a well-circumscribed, papillary, and exophytic red soft-tissue lesion commonly on the gingival margin and attached gingiva with distinctive histological features. Up to date, the exact etiology is yet to be determined, while a reactive nature of the disease was suggested.

Purpose:
The aim of this systematic review is to investigate various LJSGH treatment options for the best outcome.

Methods:
A search was conducted using PubMed/Medline and Medscape up to April 2019. All English literature on management of LJSGH was included and systematically reviewed for bias and using different levels of elimination by multiple reviewers. The required data from eligible studies were extracted and analyzed.

Results:
Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. In total, 97 cases were treated by surgical excision in which 12 had recurrence within a median follow-up of 29 months. Two cases were treated with cryotherapy, one with photodynamic therapy, and one case with surface cauterization with topical clobetasol all with no reported recurrence. In addition, one case was treated with scaling and chlorhexidine application without significant response.

Conclusion:
Based on the available evidence, the complete excision of LJSGH using any method may have the most predictable outcome. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore alternative management options.
Challenges, experiences, and postoperative outcomes in setting up first successful lung transplant unit in India
Authors: Rahulan Vijil , Shah Unmil , Yadav Pavan , Ravipathy Srinivasa , Jindal Apar , Suresh S , Sandeepa HS , Kumar Pradeep , Mohandas Anoop , Kumar Sharanya , Shivanna Shivaprakash , Kori Santosh , Dutta Prabhat , Anand Prem , Mahesh BN , N Madhusudana , Bhaskar BV , Balasubramani G , Attawar Sandeep 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Lung transplantation (LT) has emerged as a definitive cure for a plethora of end-stage lung diseases (ESLDs). With improvements in immune-suppression protocols, the posttransplantation survival rates have gone up.

Aim:
The study reported the initial experience of the India's single largest lung transplant program on clinicopathological profile, procedures, challenges encountered, and outcomes.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective analysis was done from data available at three centers of Institute of Heart and Lung Transplant, Gleneagles Global Hospitals across Chennai, Bengaluru, and Mumbai.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 132 patients underwent lung (single or bilateral) or combined heart and lung transplant between April 2017 and March 2020. All the participants had 30 days' follow-up. Postoperative complications, graft rejection, and 30-day mortality were reported. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Kaplan–Meier survival and binary logistic regression was performed.

Results:
Interstitial lung diseases, 65.91%, were the most common diagnosis. Bilateral LT (81.3%) was the most common type of LT performed. Grade III primary graft dysfunction was observed in 16 (12.1%). Distal airway stenosis (21.97%) was the most common complication followed by anastomotic stenosis (14.30%). Gram-negative bacterial sepsis (52%) was the leading cause of death. Cumulative probability of survival at 1 month was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–0.92), and at 1 year, it was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.72–0.86).

Conclusion:
This study establishes the fact that despite multiple challenges, LT is a viable option for selected patients with ESLDs in India and should encourage early referrals to a transplant center.
Isoprostane-8 in the exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Bodini Alessandro , Pecoraro Luca , Tenero Laura , Pezzella Vincenza , Pradal Ugo , Piacentini Giorgio 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives:
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) represents a potential diagnostic tool for Primary Ciliary Diskinesia (PCD). An increased oxidative stress is present in the airways of children affected and many neutrophil chemoattractants and markers of oxidative stress can be involved. The aim of the study is to evaluate leukotriene B4 (LTB-4), interleukin 8 (IL-8), 8-isoprostane (8-IP) concentration in PCD subjects, investigating their potential role as non-invasive markers of inflammation for the diagnosis and management of PCD.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study. 43 patients were enrolled in the study and divided in two groups: PCD (27) and healthy subjects (16). Physical examination, lung function test, nFeNO measurement and EBC collection were performed in all subjects.

Results:
PCD subjects showed an EBC 8-IP concentration significantly higher than the control group (median value: 11.9 pg/ml; IQR, 5.5–24.0 vs. median, 6.7 pg/ml; IQR, 2.5–11.3, p-value of Wilcoxon rank-sum test 0.0436). LTB4 EBC concentration did not differ between the two group (median, 4.3 pg/ml; IQR, 3.0–8.8 vs. 7.5 pg/ml; IQR, 3.0–9.5; P=0.4901). No significant correlation was found between FEV1 and EBC 8-IP (r=-0.10, P=0.6314) or LTB4 concentration (r=0.03, P=0.8888) in PCD subjects. No significant correlation was found between nFeNO and EBC 8-IP (r=-0.31, P=0.1385) or LTB4 (r=0.04, P=0.8565) in PCD subjects.

Conclusions:
EBC 8-IP levels are significantly increased in PCD subjects, highlighting the role of oxidative stress in airway inflammation. It could have a potential role as a non-invasive marker of inflammation for the diagnosis and management of PCD, although a therapeutic application of this evidence seems far.
Ocular Disorders among Preschool Children in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Olubusayo O. , Olusanya Bolutife A. , Ajayi Benedictus G. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and causes of ocular disorders among preschool children.

METHODS:
A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 560 children from a total of 9944 children aged 3–5 years attending nursery schools in the study area. Demographic and other relevant data were collected from the children. They underwent full ophthalmic evaluation including anterior and posterior segment examination as well as cycloplegic autorefraction.

RESULTS:
Out of the 560 children screened, 170 (30.3%) were 3 years old, 183 (32.7%) were 4 years old, while the remaining 207 (37.0%) were 5 years old. Male-to-female ratio was 1:1.1. Visual acuity was testable using Lea symbol chart in 90% of the children. Ocular disorders were found in 61 eyes of 35 children giving a prevalence of 6.3%. The most common ocular disorder among participants was refractive error (3.9%), followed by allergic conjunctivitis (1.3%). Other identified ocular disorders were strabismus (0.9%), congenital cataract (0.4%), congenital ptosis (0.4%), optic atrophy (0.4%), ectopia lentis (0.2%), and phthisis bulbi (0.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of ocular disorders by age or gender.

CONCLUSION:
Screening is useful in early detection and treatment of ocular disorders in preschool children. Uncorrected refractive error which was identified as the major ocular disorder in these children is treatable. Periodic preschool vision screening would reduce the burden of uncorrected refractive error and other ocular disorders which can interfere with the learning skills of young children entering school.