bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Interspecies Associations in Fracture-Related Infection
Authors: Gitajn Ida , Werth Paul , O'Toole Robert V. , Joshi Mandarin , Jevsevar David , Wise Brent , Rane Ajinya , Horton Steven , McClure Emily A. , Ross Benjamin , Nadell Carey 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
Describe co-occurrence or clustering of microbial taxa in fracture-related infections to inform further exploration of infection-related interactions among them.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Four hundred twenty-three patients requiring surgical intervention for deep surgical site infection between January 2006 and December 2015.

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Connection between microbial taxa.

Results:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus represented the majority of monomicrobial observations (71%). Gram-negative rods, gram-positive rods, and anaerobes presented more frequently in polymicrobial infections. Enterobacter, vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas are present in polymicrobial infections with the highest frequencies and represent the top 3 most important nodes within the microorganism framework, with the highest network centrality scores.

Conclusions:
The present study indicates that there are common microbial taxa (Enterobacter, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas) that tend to co-occur with other microbes greater than 75% of the time. These commonly co-occurring microbes have demonstrated interactive relationships in other disease pathologies, suggesting that there may be similar important interactions in fracture-related infections. It is possible that these microbial communities play a role in the persistently high failure rate associated with management of infection after trauma. Future studies are needed to study the intermicrobial interactions that explain the frequency at which taxa co-occur. Understanding and potentially disrupting these intermicrobial relationships could inform improvements in the treatment of established infections and in the prevention of infection in high-risk patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Robotic DIEP Patient Selection: Analysis of CT Angiography
Authors: Kurlander David E. , Le-Petross Huong T. , Shuck John W. , Butler Charles E. , Selber Jesse C. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Preoperative CTA is widely used and extensively studied for planning of DIEP flap breast reconstruction. However, its utility in planning robotic DIEP harvest is undescribed.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients presenting to the clinics of select plastic surgeons between 2017 and 2021 for abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction. CTA measurements of intramuscular perforator distance and perforator-to-external iliac distance were used as predicted robotic and open fascial incision lengths, respectively. It was documented if the predicted robotic incision would avoid crossing the arcuate line. Operative notes were reviewed for fascial incision length and number of perforators harvested. Predicted and actual robotic fascial incision lengths were compared.

Results:
CTAs were reviewed for 49 patients (98 hemiabdomens). Inadequate or no perforators were identified on CTA in 18% of hemiabdomens. Mean predicted robotic and open DIEP fascial incisions were 3.1 cm and 12.2 cm, respectively, giving robotic approach fascial incision benefit of 9.1 cm (P < 0.001). The predicted robotic incision avoided crossing the arcuate line in 71% of hemiabdomens. Thirteen patients (28%) underwent robotic DIEP harvest. Actual robotic fascial incision length averaged 3.5 cm, which was not significantly different from the mean predicted fascial incision length (P = 0.374). Robotic DIEP flaps had fewer perforators (1.8 versus 2.6, P = 0.058).

Conclusion:
CTA is useful for identifying patients with anatomy favorable for robotic DIEP flap harvest.
Clinical and Psychological Factors Associated With Return to Work Among United States Diplomats Who Sustained a Work-Related Injury While on Assignment in Havana, Cuba
Authors: Green-McKenzie Judith , Shofer Frances S. , Matthei Jarrod , Biester Rosette , Deibler Marla 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To determine factors associated with return to work in US diplomats injured during a work assignment in Cuba.

Methods:
In this case series work ability was determined at each visit. Questionnaires used included the Symptom Score Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Quality-of-Life Inventory, and Patient Health Questionnaire.

Results:
Of the 45 employees referred to Occupational Medicine, the mean age was 42.5 years, 60% were men, 68% were never out of work, 22% were out of work for some period, and 15% remain out of work. Vestibular, cognitive, hearing, sleep, and visual symptoms, and a higher initial symptom score were significantly associated with work inability while psychiatric symptoms were not.

Conclusions:
This exposure resulted in prolonged illness with cognitive impairment and other clinical manifestations associated with work inability.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Hand-Arm Vibration
Authors: Vihlborg Per , Pettersson Hans , Makdoumi Karim , Wikström Sverre , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Selander Jenny , Graff Pål 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To investigate the increased risk for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in men and women with hand-arm vibration (HAV) exposure.

Design:
Case–control study of CTS where 4396 cases was obtained from National Outpatient Register between 2005 through 2016. Cases were matched to controls and exposure was estimated using a job exposure matrix.

Results:
Exposure to HAV increased the risk of CTS with an OR of 1.61 (95% CI 1.46–1.77). The risk was highest in men <30 years of age and among women <30 years no increased risk was observed. The risk increased with a mean year exposure above 2.5 m/s2 to OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.38–2.46).

Conclusions:
HAV exposure increase the risk of CTS in both genders, with highest risk increase in younger men. This emphasize identification of HAV exposure in patients with CTS.
Effectiveness of Different Physiotherapy Protocols in Children in the Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Souza Gabrielle Sousa Barros , Novais Mariana Furtado Marques , Lemes Guilherme Euzébio , de Mello Mary Lucy Ferraz Maia Fiuza , de Sales Susan Carolina Diniz , Cunha Katiane da Costa , Rocha Larissa Salgado de Oliveira , Avila Paulo Eduardo Santos , Rocha Rodrigo Santiago Barbosa 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different physical therapy protocols on the autonomic modulation of heart rate, time of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and length of hospital stay.

Methods:
This was a randomized clinical study with 20 children on IMV in an intensive care unit (ICU), between July 2018 and September 2019. The control group (n = 10) performed the hospital's physical therapy protocol and the experimental group (n = 10) performed the physical therapy protocol based on physical exercise.

Results:
Higher values of heart rate variability were found in the experimental group, both in individual and intergroup analyses. There was a significant reduction in the time of IMV and ICU stay.

Conclusion:
There was an improvement in heart rate variability, reduced time on mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the ICU in individuals who performed the study protocol.
Effectiveness of Modified Sports for Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Pragmatic Study Protocol
Authors: R. de Sousa Junior Ricardo , R. Camargos Ana Cristina , Clutterbuck Georgina L. , R. Leite Hércules 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Sports Stars is a modified sports intervention that aims to prepare individuals with cerebral palsy for the transition from usual physical therapy care to community sports participation. This is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial protocol of a Brazilian applicability of this intervention.

Method:
This study will compare the effectiveness of Sports Stars Brazil with standard care. Seventy-six children who walk and adolescents with cerebral palsy will be randomly assigned into an intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive 8 weekly group sessions. Each session will include 1 hour of sports-focused gross motor activity training and teamwork development, centered on popular Brazilian sports. Participation, levels of physical activity and, physical literacy domains will be measured at baseline, postintervention, and at 12-weeks of follow-up.

Discussion:
The investigation of Sports Stars Brazil will provide high-quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of modified sports intervention to support participation in sports in this population.
Utilization of Kotter’s Stages and Statistical Process Control to Implement and Sustain Delirium Screening in PICU
Authors: Kupferschmid Megan , Tripathi Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Delirium is a preventable cause of ICU morbidity and mortality. Prior unstructured efforts to implement delirium screening in our hospital were unsuccessful. This project aimed to improve the delirium screening compliance from baseline 0% to more than 80% within 12 months (07/2019–06/2020).

Methods:
We utilized Kotter’s stages of transformation as guiding blocks for implementing change and undertook simultaneous efforts to decrease delirium rates. In addition, we used statistical process control to monitor screening compliance and delirium rates.

Results:
Education on delirium assessment and prevention created a sense of urgency among nursing and medical staff (Stage #1). Stakeholder analysis and a key driver diagram were presented to leadership to create a guiding coalition (Stage #2). Process mapping and failure mode and effect analysis created a vision and strategy for the project (Stage #3). Multiple methods were utilized to communicate the change vision (Stage #4) and empower broad-based action (Stage #5). We celebrated small incremental achievements or short-term wins (Stage #6) by reporting delirium compliance and rate on a control chart. We completed 5837 delirium screens on 763 patients (6689 opportunities). The median delirium screening compliance rate was 87.2% (13.4% positive screens). Small achievements produced by the project were communicated to staff, propelling future efforts to recognize and prevent delirium. This momentum was a driver for more change (Stage #7) to ensure a long-term cultural change in the unit (Stage #8).

Conclusion:
Kotter’s principle of change management, along with an emphasis on data-driven process control, may result in sustained improvement.
Immunotherapeutic approaches to HIV cure and remission
Authors: Lee Ming J. , Fidler S. , Frater John 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Despite improvements in the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there are still unmet needs for people living with HIV which drive the search for a cure for HIV infection. The goal of this review is to discuss the challenges and recent immunotherapeutic advances towards developing a safe, effective and durable cure strategy for HIV.

Recent findings
In recent years, advances have been made in uncovering the mechanisms of persistence of latent HIV and in developing more accurate assays to measure the intact proviral reservoir. Broadly neutralising antibodies and modern techniques to enhance antibody responses have shown promising results. Other strategies including therapeutic vaccination, latency reversal agents, and immunomodulatory agents have shown limited success, but newer interventions including engineered T cells and other immunotherapies may be a potent and flexible strategy for achieving HIV cure.

Summary
Although progress with newer cure strategies may be encouraging, challenges remain and it is essential to achieve a high threshold of safety and effectiveness in the era of safe and effective ART. It is likely that to achieve sustained HIV remission or cure, a multipronged approach involving a combination of enhancing both adaptive and innate immunity is required.
Prognostic Value of Interim 18F-DOPA and 18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Stage 3–4 Pediatric Neuroblastoma
Authors: Ko Kuan-Yin , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Ko Chi-Lun , Chou Shu-Wei , Chang Hsiu-Hao , Yang Yung-Li , Jou Shiann-Tarng , Hsu Wen-Ming , Lu Meng-Yao 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This retrospective study aimed to determine the prognostic value of imaging parameters derived from midtherapy 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) and 18F-FDG PET in pediatric patients with stage 3–4 neuroblastoma.

Methods
We enrolled 32 stage 3–4 pediatric neuroblastoma patients who underwent 18F-DOPA and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans before and after 3 chemotherapy cycles. We measured metabolic and volumetric parameters and applied a metabolic burden scoring system to evaluate the primary tumor extent and soft tissue metastases and that of bone/bone marrow involvement. The associations between these parameters and clinical outcomes were investigated.

Results
Over a median follow-up period of 47 months (range, 3–137 months), 16 patients experienced disease progression, and 13 died. After adjustment for clinical factors, multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that interim tumor FDG/FDOPA SUVmax (hazard ratio [HR], 5.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–34.98) and interim FDOPA whole-body metabolic burden scores (WBMB) (HR, 7.30; 95% CI, 1.50–35.50) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Only interim FDOPA WBMB scores (HR, 7.05; 95% CI, 1.02–48.7) were predictive of progression-free survival. Based on median cutoff values, prognosis (OS and progression-free survival) was significantly associated with an interim FDOPA WBMB score ≥21.92 (all P < 0.05) and interim tumor FDG/FDOPA (SUVmax) score ≥0.57 with poor OS (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that midtreatment FDG and FDOPA PET/CT could serve as prognostic markers in stage 3–4 neuroblastoma patients.
Application of Augmented Reality Navigation in Treatment With Fibrosis Dysplasia
Authors: Lin Li , Han Wenqing , Chai Gang , Xu Haisong 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
In order to reduce the possibility of accidental injury to neurovascular and important tissues, this research conduct preoperative design and intraoperative guidance for fibrous dysplasia through augmented reality technology.

Methods:
Five patients with fibrous dysplasia were selected for three-dimensional (3D) Computed Tomography (CT) scan and 3D model was reconstructed. Considering the navigation plan was comprehensively, the guide plate (composed of card groove, connector, and fixator) was designed and 3D printed. Threedimensional software was used to unify the coordinates of the surgical plan and the guide plate, and the relative position was fixed. Then, the virtual and real overlapping registration is completed on the physical model. Pattern recognition technology is used to identify pre-defined markers in the video images before operation. Finally, the registration results are superimposed into the surgical field of vision to guide and remind surgeons.

Results:
In this study, the navigation based on augmented reality technology was used in the surgical treatment of 5 cases patients with fibrous dysplasia. The 3D navigation information was displayed in real time in the operative field. The operation was accurate and the postoperative effect was good.

Conclusions:
This paper introduces an effective visual navigation surgical method in treatment with fibrous dysplasia. The augmented- reality based navigation system achieves individualized precise treatment by displaying 3D navigation directly in the surgical field. It is an effective auxiliary method for future research on craniofacial surgery.
Specialized Proresolving Lipid Meditators Agonistic to Formyl Peptide Receptor Type 2 Attenuate Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rat Lung
Authors: Oda Hiromi , Tanaka Satona , Shinohara Masakazu , Morimura Yuki , Yokoyama Yuhei , Kayawake Hidenao , Yamada Yoshito , Yutaka Yojiro , Ohsumi Akihiro , Nakajima Daisuke , Hamaji Masatsugu , Menju Toshi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

Background.
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a form of acute lung injury characterized by nonspecific alveolar damage and lung edema due to robust inflammation. Little is known about the roles of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in lung IRI. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the dynamic changes in endogenous SPMs during the initiation and resolution of lung IRI and to determine the effects of SPM supplementation on lung IRI.

Methods.
We used a rat left hilar clamp model with 90 min of ischemia, followed by reperfusion. Dynamic changes in endogenous SPMs were evaluated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results.
Endogenous SPMs in the left lung showed a decreasing trend after 1 h of reperfusion. Oxygenation improved between 3 and 7 d following reperfusion; however, the level of endogenous SPMs remained low compared with that in the naïve lung. Among SPM receptors, only formyl peptide receptor type 2 (ALX/FPR2) gene expression in the left lung was increased 3 h after reperfusion, and the inflammatory cells were immunohistochemically positive for ALX/FPR2. Administration of aspirin-triggered (AT) resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) and AT lipoxin A4 (AT-LXA4), which are agonistic to ALX/FPR2, immediately after reperfusion improved lung function, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, attenuated lung edema, and decreased neutrophil infiltration 3 h after reperfusion. The effects of AT-RvD1 and AT-LXA4 were not observed after pretreatment with the ALX/FPR2 antagonist.

Conclusions.
The level of intrapulmonary endogenous SPMs decreased during lung IRI process and the administration of AT-RvD1 and AT-LXA4 prevented the exacerbation of lung injury via ALX/FPR2.
Stressors, Manifestations and Course of COVID-19 Related Distress Among Nurses and Midwives in Tasmania
Authors: Marsden Kathryn M. , Porter Julie M. , Robertson IK. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe deleterious effects relating to the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers has now been widely established. Understanding how COVID-19 affects their work and life is complex and multidimensional. This study describes the critical stressors and how they manifest within both the work and larger social environment for nurses and midwives in Tasmania, Australia.A longitudinal, descriptive survey was designed to explore the trajectory of the psychological health of Tasmanian public sector nurses and midwives during the COIVD-19 pandemic. The survey was distributed at 3 timepoints over a 12-month period and consisted of a battery of psychological tests which included the Patient Health Questionnaire, General Anxiety Disorder, Insomnia Severity Index, and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, together with free text comments.The associations between outcome and predictor variables were assessed using mixed effects linear regression and linear mixed model analyses. Free text comments were themed.High levels of stress and mental exhaustion were attributed to threatened workplace team culture; compromised quality of patient care; the impact on family, home, financial and economic domains; lack of clear communication; issues surrounding personal protective equipment; and female gender. Study data show younger nurses and midwives suffered higher levels of stress and mental exhaustion than older.This study highlights the need for stable and functional relationships at home and at work for nurses and midwives.Factors which will help preserve the mental health of nurses and midwives include strong workplace culture with ongoing processes to monitor organisational burnout; building resilience, particularly among younger nurses and midwives; protection of healthcare worker safety; clear communication processes and supporting stable and functional relationships at home. The health service has an imperative to ensure optimum service delivery by safeguarding staff, despite the inevitable health stress imposed by the nature of the work.
A mitochondria-specific mutational signature of aging: increased rate of A>G substitutions on a heavy chain
Authors: Mikhaylova A. G. , Mikhailova A. A. , Ushakova K. , Tretiakov E.O. , Iliushchenko D. , Shamansky V. , Iurchenko A. , Zazhytska M. , Kozenkova E. , Zdobnov E. , Makeev V. , Yurov V. , Tanaka M. , Gostimskaya I. , Fleischmann Z. , Annis S. , Franco M. , Wasko K. , Kunz W.S , Knorre D.A. , Mazunin I. , Nikolaev S. , Fellay J. , Reymond A. , Khrapko K. , Gunbin K. , Popadin K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe mutational spectrum of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) does not resemble any of the known mutational signatures of the nuclear genome and variation in mtDNA mutational spectra between different organisms is still incomprehensible. Since mitochondria is tightly involved in aerobic energy production, it is expected that mtDNA mutational spectra is affected by the oxidative damage. Assuming that oxidative damage increases with age, we analyze mtDNA mutagenesis of different species. Analysing (i) dozens thousands of somatic mtDNA mutations in samples of different age (ii) 70053 polymorphic synonymous mtDNA substitutions, reconstructed in 424 mammalian species with different generation length and (iii) synonymous nucleotide content of 650 complete mitochondrial genomes of mammalian species we observed that the frequency of AH>GH substitutions (H - heavy chain notation) is twice higher in species with high versus low generation length making their mtDNA more AH poor and GH rich. Considering that AH>GH substitutions are also sensitive to the time spent single stranded (TSSS) during asynchroniuos mtDNA replication we demonstrated that AH>GH substitution rate is a function of both species-specific generation length and position specific TSSS. We propose that AH>GH is a mitochondria-specific signature of oxidative damage associated with both aging and TSSS.
Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 protein E with cell junctions and polarity PDZ-containing proteins
Authors: Zhu Yanlei , Alvarez Flavio , Wolff Nicolas , Mechaly Ariel , Brûlé Sébastien , Neitthoffer Benoit , Etienne-Manneville Sandrine , Haouz Ahmed , Boëda Batiste , Caillet-Saguy Célia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe C-terminus of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protein E contains a PBM (PDZ binding motif) targeting PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domains identical to the PBM of SARS-CoV. The latter is involved in the pathogenicity of the virus. Recently, we identified ten human PDZ-containing proteins showing significant interactions with SARS-CoV-2 protein E PBM. We selected several of them involved in cellular junctions and cell polarity (TJP1, PARD3, MLLT4, LNX2) and MPP5/Pals1 previously shown to interact with SARS-CoV E PBM. Targeting cellular junctions and polarity components is a common strategy by viruses to hijack cell machinery to their advantage. In this study, we showed that these host PDZ domains TJP1, PARD3, MLLT4, LNX2 and MPP5/PALS1 interact in a PBM-dependent manner in vitro and colocalize with the full-length E protein in cellulo, sequestrating the PDZ domains to the Golgi compartment. We solved three crystal structures of complexes between human LNX2, MLLT4 and MPP5 PDZs and SARS-CoV-2 E PBM highlighting its binding preferences for several cellular targets. Finally, we showed different affinities for the PDZ domains with the original SARS-CoV-2 C-terminal sequence containing the PBM and the one of the beta variant that contains a mutation close to the PBM. The acquired mutations in E protein localized near the PBM might have important effects both on the structure and the ion-channel activity of the E protein and on the host machinery targeted by the variants during the infection.