bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential economic impacts of groundwater conservation in the Mississippi River Alluvial Aquifer (MRAA), Louisiana, USA
Authors: Bhatta Dependra , Paudel Krishna P. , Li Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOverextraction of groundwater reduces groundwater height, increases the energy cost, and may threaten an aquifer's economic life. Water‐intensive crops, corn, and soybean, dominate the agricultural land in the Mississippi River Alluvial Aquifer (MRAA) region of the United States, thus stressing this confined aquifer. Groundwater conservation policy or the adoption of efficient irrigation technology could save both water and energy. This study aims to estimate the future returns from the irrigated land under the scenarios of 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, and no groundwater conservation from 2020 to 2022. An accurate model to predict the crop choice decision is important to estimate the impact of groundwater policies. We develop a crop choice model where an individual farmer has a crop planting or land fallowing choice each year. We use the random forest, boosted regression trees, and support vector machine for the crop choice prediction. Boosted regression trees perform the best in our classification problem with 75.5% out of sample accuracy. The prediction model shows that the numbers of corn growers increase in the future. Our results show that the profit of 2572 farmers increased cumulatively by 0.14% when they conserve groundwater by 30% for 3 years. From a policy perspective, providing financial and technical assistant to farmers for making investments to conserve groundwater could save energy costs and sustain the economic life of the MRAA.Recommendations for Resource Managers

Land allocations to water‐intensive crops such as corn and soybeans will expand in Louisiana.
More efficient irrigation technology may reduce the groundwater extraction volume.
Groundwater extraction volume using a choice prediction model gives a more accurate account of water use compared to the status quo crop choice decision scenario.
Since efficient irrigation measures do not reduce crop yield, profit from the irrigated land is higher as it reduces the extraction cost.
Government cost‐share to adopt efficient irrigation measures may help conserve groundwater resources.
Overexpression of METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN8 reveals new aspects of metal transport in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds
Authors: Höller S. , Küpper H. , Brückner D. , Garrevoet J. , Spiers K. , Falkenberg G. , Andresen E. , Peiter E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN8 (MTP8) of Arabidopsis thaliana is a member of the CATION DIFFUSION FACILITATOR (CDF) family of proteins that transports primarily manganese (Mn), but also iron (Fe). MTP8 mediates Mn allocation to specific cell types in the developing embryo, and Fe re‐allocation as well as Mn tolerance during imbibition. We analysed if an overexpression of MTP8 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter has an effect on Mn tolerance during imbibition and on Mn and Fe storage in seeds, which would render it a biofortification target.

Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations in MTP8‐overexpressing lines in wild type and vit1‐1 backgrounds were analysed by ICP‐MS. Distribution of metals in intact seeds was determined by synchrotron µXRF tomography.

MTP8 overexpression led to a strongly increased Mn tolerance of seeds during imbibition, supporting its effectiveness in loading excess Mn into the vacuole. In mature seeds, MTP8 overexpression did not cause a consistent increase in Mn and Fe accumulation, and it did not change the allocation pattern of these metals. Zn concentrations were consistently increased in bulk samples.

The results demonstrate that Mn and Fe allocation is not determined primarily by the MTP8 expression pattern, suggesting either a cell type‐specific provision of metals for vacuolar sequestration by upstream transport processes, or the determination of MTP8 activity by post‐translational regulation.
Role of the KNOTTED1‐LIKE HOMEOBOX protein (KD1) in regulating abscission of tomato flower pedicels at early and late stages of the process
Authors: Sundaresan Srivignesh , Philosoph‐Hadas Sonia , Ma Chao , Jiang Cai‐Zhong , Riov Joseph , Kochanek Betina , Salim Shoshana , Reid Michael S. , Meir Shimon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe KNOTTED1‐LIKE HOMEOBOX PROTEIN1 (KD1) gene is highly expressed in flower and leaf abscission zones (AZs), and KD1 was reported to regulate tomato flower pedicel abscission via alteration of the auxin gradient and response in the flower AZ (FAZ). The present work was aimed to further examine how KD1 regulates signaling factors and regulatory genes involved in pedicel abscission, by using silenced KD1 lines and performing a large‐scale transcriptome profiling of the FAZ before and after flower removal, using a customized AZ‐specific microarray. The results highlighted a differential expression of regulatory genes in the FAZ of KD1‐silenced plants compared to the wild‐type. In the TAPG4::antisense KD1‐silenced plants, KD1 gene expression decreased before flower removal, resulting in altered expression of regulatory genes, such as epigenetic modifiers, transcription factors, posttranslational regulators, and antioxidative defense factors occurring at zero time and before affecting auxin levels in the FAZ detected at 4 h after flower removal. The expression of additional regulatory genes was altered in the FAZ of KD1‐silenced plants at 4–20 h after flower removal, thereby leading to an inhibited abscission phenotype, and downregulation of genes involved in abscission execution and defense processes. Our data suggest that KD1 is a master regulator of the abscission process, which promotes abscission of tomato flower pedicels. This suggestion is based on the inhibitory effect of KD1 silencing on flower pedicel abscission that operates via alteration of various regulatory pathways, which delay the competence acquisition of the FAZ cells to respond to ethylene signaling.
Wrestling with the Past and Mapping the Future: A Call to the Field
Authors: Tieken Mara Casey , Wright Earl 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite Rural Sociology’s long history of publishing rigorous research about rurality, one notable area for improvement is attention to race and racial issues. As Tieken and Wright argue, this special issue is an important first step toward expanding the journal’s scope and reckoning with its historical failings. This issue introduction summarizes the critical insights the issue’s articles offer the field at this pivotal moment of racial awareness and demographic change. The authors end with a call for emancipatory scholarship—that is, research that reflects the lived experiences of all rural residents and can be used to dismantle racist policies and practices.
A cluster of BK polyomavirus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hosoi Hiroki , Murata Shogo , Suzuki Tetsuro , Li Tian‐Cheng , Hatanaka Kazuo , Tanaka‐Taya Keiko , Mushino Toshiki , Kuriyama Kodai , Tamura Shinobu , Hanaoka Nobuyoshi , Sonoki Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBK polyomavirus (BKV) can cause hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in immunocompromised patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It remains unclear whether nosocomial BKV infections occur. During a 9‐month period, an increase in BKV‐associated HC (BKV‐HC) cases was observed at our institution.AimThe BKV‐HC cluster population was compared with populations of HSCT patients from before and after the BKV‐HC cluster to evaluate whether nosocomial BKV transmission had occurred.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out to assess the risk of patients developing BKV‐HC after HSCT. The background data of the cluster patients were compared with those of the patients who underwent HSCT before or after the cluster, and the collected BKV isolates were serotyped.ResultsBKV‐HC involving grade ≥2 hematuria occurred in six of 15 HSCT recipients during a 9‐month period. The incidence of BKV‐HC was significantly higher in this period than in the other periods (p = 0.0014). There were no significant differences in the patients’ background data between the cluster and non‐cluster periods, including in terms of risk factors for BKV‐HC. Serotype analyses of BKV revealed that the BKV detected in the urine samples from four of the six BKV‐HC patients belonged to subtype Ic. The gene sequences of these four BKV exhibited >99.5% homology.ConclusionOur study suggests that nosocomial BKV infections may occur after HSCT. Although many cases of BKV‐HC are caused by the reactivation of a latent virus, it is necessary to employ appropriate hygiene measures when cases of BKV‐HC occur.
Characterizing screening strategies for type 2 diabetes in high-risk ethnic communities: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kavian Foorough , Benton Fiona , Mcgill Josephine , Luscombe-Marsh Natalie 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to identify the characteristics of screening strategies for type 2 diabetes to determine the most pragmatic approach to improve relevance to high-risk community groups from ethnically diverse backgrounds.

Introduction:
Type 2 diabetes is increasingly contributing to the global burden of disease and is more common in some community groups. Although screening underpins the success of primary prevention programs for type 2 diabetes, screening of high-risk community groups from ethnically diverse backgrounds require different screening protocols and can be challenging. These strategies have never been systematically scoped.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider screening strategies for type 2 diabetes that target high-risk ethnic community groups. Studies with adults older than 18 years will be considered for inclusion. Screening strategies may include, but are not limited to, risk-assessment questionnaires, blood tests, or both, using an opportunistic approach involving general practices or a targeted approach toward high-risk community groups from ethnically diverse backgrounds. Experimental and observational quantitative studies and mixed methods studies will be included.

Methods:
MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Informit, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Scopus will be searched. Studies will be screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers, and data will be extracted using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. Results will be summarized in tables accompanied by narrative text.
Implications of Disability Severity on 24-Hour Movement Guideline Adherence Among Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the United States
Authors: Brown Denver M.Y. , McPhee Patrick G. , Kwan Matthew Y. , Timmons Brian W. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Research has established beneficial associations between 24-hour movement guideline adherence and several health outcomes in typically developing (TD) children, but these relationships are poorly understood in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This study examined (1) 24-hour movement guideline adherence, (2) the influence of disability severity, and (3) associations between guideline adherence and health outcomes of TD children and children with NDD. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 and 2019 cycles of the US National Survey of Children’s Health. Parental/caregiver reports of movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep), disability severity (limitations to daily activities), and health outcomes (general health status, anxiety, and depression) were provided for 8554 children with NDD and 19,669 TD children aged 6–17 years. Results: Children with NDD had significantly lower odds of meeting each movement behavior guideline compared to TD children; these effects were most pronounced for those who experienced consistent limitations to daily activities. Meeting at least 2 guidelines significantly lowered the odds for anxiety and depression, and increased the odds for better general health for children with NDD. Discussion: These findings suggest that degree of disability severity has a strong influence on adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among children with NDD.
Stratigraphy around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in sediment cores from the Lord Howe Rise, Southwest Pacific
Authors: Kuroda Junichiro , Hagino Kyoko , Usui Yoichi , Bown Paul R. , Hsiung Kan-Hsi , Sakai Saburo , Hackney Ron , Saito Saneatsu , Murayama Masafumi , Ando Takuto , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
During Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 21, Cenozoic and latest Cretaceous sediments were recovered at Site 208 on the Lord Howe Rise, Southwest Pacific. We provide new biostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data from Site 208 to constrain the stratigraphy around the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary and to determine the depth of the K-Pg boundary more precisely. Biostratigraphic data from calcareous nannofossils indicate a near-continuous succession of sediments from the mid-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) to lowermost Thanetian (Paleocene) at depths of 540–590 m below seafloor (mbsf). The biostratigraphic data suggest that the K-Pg boundary corresponds to a siliceous claystone at the base of an interval of silicified sediments (576.0–576.8 mbsf). Carbonate carbon isotopic composition (δ13Ccarb) reveals a negative shift across this interval, which is consistent with global patterns of δ13C across the K-Pg boundary. Osmium concentration and Os isotopic composition (187Os/188Os) can also be used to identify the K-Pg boundary interval, as it is marked by a peak in Os concentration and a drop in 187Os/188Os values to 0.12–0.15, both of which are the result of the Chicxulub impact event. Our 187Os/188Os data show trends similar to those of coeval global seawater with the lowest value of 0.12–0.16 in the siliceous claystone (576.8 mbsf). However, the concentration of Os is low (&lt;80 pg g−1) in this sample, which suggests that this siliceous claystone was deposited around the K-Pg boundary but may not include the boundary itself. Although the sedimentary record across the K-Pg interval at Site 208 may not be completely continuous, it nevertheless captures a time interval that is close to the Chicxulub impact event.
Ambiguous Effects of Prolonged Dietary Supplementation with a Striatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor, TC-2153, on a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rudnitskaya E. A. , Burnyasheva A. O. , Kozlova T. A. , Muraleva N. A. , Telegina D. V. , Khomenko T. M. , Volcho K. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Kolosova N. G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is currently incurable. After unsuccessful attempts to create drugs targeting the amyloid-β pathway, a search for alternative approaches and treatments targeting nonamyloid AD pathologies is currently underway. One of them is inhibition of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) activity, which is increased in the prefrontal cortex of AD patients. Here we examined effects of prolonged treatment of OXYS rats which mimic key signs of sporadic AD with a STEP inhibitor, TC-2153, on the progression of signs of AD. TC-2153 had an ambiguous effect on the behavior of the animals: it significantly reduced the already low locomotor and exploratory activities and enhanced anxiety-related behavior in OXYS rats but improved their long-term memory in the Morris water maze. Moreover, TC-2153 had no effect on the accumulation of the amyloid-β protein and on the STEP61 protein level; the latter in the cortex and hippocampus did not differ between OXYS rats and control Wistar rats. These results suggest that the effects of prolonged treatment with TC-2153 may be mediated by mechanisms not related to STEP. In particular, TC-2153 can act as a potential hydrogen sulfide donor and thus substantially affect redox homeostasis.
Outcomes in relation to early parenteral nutrition use in preterm neonates born between 30 and 33 weeks’ gestation: a propensity score matched observational study
Authors: Webbe James William Harrison , Longford Nicholas , Battersby Cheryl , Oughham Kayleigh , Uthaya Sabita N , Modi Neena , Gale Chris 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether in preterm neonates parenteral nutrition use in the first 7 postnatal days, compared with no parenteral nutrition use, is associated with differences in survival and other important morbidities. Randomised trials in critically ill older children show that harms, such as nosocomial infection, outweigh benefits of early parenteral nutrition administration; there is a paucity of similar data in neonates.DesignRetrospective cohort study using propensity matching including 35 maternal, infant and organisational factors to minimise bias and confounding.SettingNational, population-level clinical data obtained for all National Health Service neonatal units in England and Wales.PatientsPreterm neonates born between 30+0and 32+6weeks+days.InterventionsThe exposure was parenteral nutrition administered in the first 7 days of postnatal life; the comparator was no parenteral nutrition.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was survival to discharge from neonatal care. Secondary outcomes comprised the neonatal core outcome set.Results16 292 neonates were compared in propensity score matched analyses. Compared with matched neonates not given parenteral nutrition in the first postnatal week, neonates who received parenteral nutrition had higher survival at discharge (absolute rate increase 0.91%; 95% CI 0.53% to 1.30%), but higher rates of necrotising enterocolitis (absolute rate increase 4.6%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (absolute rate increase 3.9%), late-onset sepsis (absolute rate increase 1.5%) and need for surgical procedures (absolute rate increase 0.92%).ConclusionsIn neonates born between 30+0and 32+6weeks’ gestation, those given parenteral nutrition in the first postnatal week had a higher rate of survival but higher rates of important neonatal morbidities. Clinician equipoise in this area should be resolved by prospective randomised trials.Trial registration numberNCT03767634.
Is the NICE traffic light system fit-for-purpose for children presenting with undifferentiated acute illness in primary care?
Authors: Blyth Megan Hedd , Cannings-John Rebecca , Hay Alastair D , Butler Christopher C , Hughes Kathryn 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) traffic light system uses children’s symptoms and signs to categorise acute infections into red, amber and green. To our knowledge, no study has described the proportion of children with acute undifferentiated illness who fall into these categories in primary care, which is important since red and amber children are considered at higher risk of serious illness requiring urgent secondary care assessment.AimTo estimate the proportion of acutely unwell children presenting to primary care classified by the NICE traffic light system as red, amber or green, and to describe their initial management.Design and settingSecondary analysis of the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract infection in Young children prospective cohort study.Method6797 children under 5 years presenting to 225 general practices with acute undifferentiated illness were retrospectively mapped to the NICE traffic light system by a panel of general practitioners.Results6406 (94%) children were classified as NICE red (32%) or amber (62%) with 1.6% red and 0.3%, respectively, referred the same day for hospital assessment; and 46% and 31%, respectively, treated with antibiotics. The remaining 385 (6%) were classified green, with none referred and 27% treated with antibiotics. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses.ConclusionThe majority of children presenting to UK primary care with acute undifferentiated illness meet red or amber NICE traffic light criteria,with only 6% classified as low risk, making it unfit for use in general practice. Research is urgently needed to establish as triage system suitable for general practice.
ED syphilis and gonorrhea/chlamydia cotesting practices before and after the implementation of an electronic health record-based alert
Authors: Ford James S , Chechi Tasleem , Otmar Michella , Baker Melissa , Waldman Sarah , Morgan Brittany , Tan David , Tran Nam K , May Larissa 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of syphilis is increasing in many countries, including the USA. The ED is often used by underserved populations, making it an important setting to test and treat patients who are not evaluated in outpatient clinical settings. We aimed to assess the utility of an ED-based syphilis and gonorrhoea/chlamydia cotesting protocol by comparing testing practices before and after its implementation.MethodsWe implemented an electronic health record (EHR) alert that prompted clinicians to order syphilis testing in patients undergoing gonorrhoea/chlamydia testing. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis that compared outcomes between the preimplementation period (January–November 2018) and the postimplementation period (January–November 2019). Patients were tested forTreponema pallidumantibody (TPA) using a multiplex flow immunoassay (MFI), and positive results were confirmed by rapid plasma reagin (RPR). The primary implementation outcome was the number of syphilis tests/month, and the primary clinical outcome was the number of syphilis diagnoses/month (defined as positive TPA MFI and RPR). We performed an interrupted time-series analysis to evaluate the effect of implementing the alert over time.ResultsFour-hundred and ninety-four and 1106 unique patients were tested for syphilis in the preimplementation and postimplementation periods, respectively. Syphilis testing increased by 55.6 tests/month (95% CI 45.9 to 65.3, p<0.001) following alert implementation. Patients tested in the postimplementation period who were tested using the alert were much younger (difference: 14 years (95% CI 12 to 15)) and were more likely to be female (difference: 15% (95% CI 8 to 21)) and African-American (difference: 11% (95% CI 5 to 17)) than patients tested by clinician-initiated testing. Presumptive syphilis diagnoses increased from 3.4 diagnoses/month to 7.9 diagnoses/month (difference, 4.5 (95% CI 2.2 to 6.9), p<0.001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that use of a targeted EHR alert testing protocol can increase syphilis testing and diagnosis and may reduce clinician bias in testing.