bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kakila database: Towards a FAIR community approved database of cetacean presence in the waters of the Guadeloupe Archipelago, based on citizen science
Authors: Coché Lorraine , Arnaud Elie , Bouveret Laurent , David Romain , Foulquier Eric , Gandilhon Nadège , Jeannesson Etienne , Le Bras Yvan , Lerigoleur Emilie , Lopez Pascal Jean , Madon Bénédicte , Sananikone Julien , Sèbe Maxime , Le Berre Iwan , Jung Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2021

In the French West Indies, more than 20 species of cetaceans have been observed over the last decades. The recognition of this hotspot of biodiversity of marine mammals, observed in the French Exclusive Economic Zone of the West Indies, motivated the French government to create in 2010 a marine protected area (MPA) dedicated to the conservation of marine mammals: the Agoa Sanctuary. Threats that cetacean populations face are multiple, but well-documented. Cetacean conservation can only be achieved if relevant and reliable data are available, starting by occurrence data. In the Guadeloupe Archipelago and in addition to some data collected by the Agoa Sanctuary, occurrence data are mainly available through the contribution of citizen science and of local stakeholders (i.e. non-profit organisations (NPO) and whale-watchers). However, no observation network has been coordinated and no standards exist for cetacean presence data collection and management.In recent years, several whale watchers and NPOs regularly collected cetacean observation data around the Guadeloupe Archipelago. Our objective was to gather datasets from three Guadeloupean whale watchers, two NPOs and the Agoa Sanctuary, that agreed to share their data. These heterogeneous data went through a careful process of curation and standardisation in order to create a new extended database, using a newly-designed metadata set. This aggregated dataset contains a total of 4,704 records of 21 species collected in the Guadeloupe Archipelago from 2000 to 2019. The database was called Kakila ("who is there?" in Guadeloupean Creole). The Kakila database was developed following the FAIR principles with the ultimate objective of ensuring sustainability. All these data were transferred into the PNDB repository (Pöle National de Données de Biodiversité, Biodiversity French Data Hub, https://www.pndb.fr).In the Agoa Sanctuary and surrounding waters, marine mammals have to interact with increasing anthropogenic pressure from growing human activities. In this context, the Kakila database fulfils the need for an organised system to structure marine mammal occurrences collected by multiple local stakeholders with a common objective: contribute to the knowledge and conservation of cetaceans living in the French Antilles waters. Much needed data analysis will enable us to identify high cetacean presence areas, to document the presence of rarer species and to determine areas of possible negative interactions with anthropogenic activities.
Les sciences humaines et sociales en campagne : entre expertise et prophétie
Authors: Brissaud Constantin , Brun Éric 
Published: July 2021

L’analyse des interventions des chercheurs et universitaires en sciences humaines et sociales dans la presse quotidienne nationale française durant les élections européennes de mai 2014 permet d’interroger à nouveaux frais le développement de « l’expertise » comme forme d’engagement des intellectuels dans l’espace public. On pourrait s’attendre à ce que les savants privilégient une telle forme d’engagement, mais le font-ils effectivement lorsqu’ils interviennent dans la presse généraliste nationale ? L’étude porte sur les articles qu’ils signent dans les journaux Le Monde, Libération et Le Figaro, qu’il s’agisse de tribunes, d’interviews ou encore de chroniques et d’articles d’analyse. En faisant une étude à la fois qualitative et quantitative du contenu de ces différentes productions, on révèle un ancrage des discours dans les disciplines d’appartenance des auteurs, mais également, et en particulier après les résultats de l’élection, une propension au prophétisme. Laissant peu d’espace à l’administration de la preuve, la légitimité de l’article de journal repose pourtant sur les compétences expertes arborées par son auteur et collectivement garanties par la catégorie professionnelle des chercheurs ; dans ce cadre contraint, les usages individuels de ce capital collectif exposent du même coup au risque de son instrumentalisation et/ou de sa dévalorisation.
Faire exister un intellectuel collectif dans le champ politique
Authors: Amiel Bastien 
Published: July 2021

Créé en France en 1948, le Rassemblement démocratique révolutionnaire (RDR) est une entreprise politique qui défend une position neutraliste de refus de l’alternative entre les blocs atlantiste et soviétique. Partant de la présentation sociographique des intellectuel·le·s engagé·e·s dans la fondation de cette entreprise politique originale, cet article entend interroger la mobilisation et les prises de position politique de ce milieu partisan particulier, marqué par la surreprésentation des intellectuel·le·s. Il s’agira d’analyser les logiques de construction d’une position nouvelle au sein des champs politique et intellectuel, mais également la manière dont les formes d’intervention et les prises de position du RDR sont influencées par ses logiques sociales de recrutement. Finalement on se demandera comment les membres du Rassemblement interviennent à double titre au sein du champ de production idéologique : comme entreprise partisane et comme intellectuel collectif, et combien la recherche d’un si fragile équilibre peut peser dans la réussite ou non de leur entreprise.
Les gestes professionnels dans le modèle de l’agir enseignant : les atouts d’un concept pour la recherche et la formation en didactique du français
Authors: Dupuy Catherine , Soulé Yves 
Published: July 2021

Revenant sur la genèse du modèle des gestes professionnels (Jorro, 1998 ; Bucheton & Dezuter, 2008) et sur ses échos dans la recherche et la formation (Sensevy, 2010), cette contribution questionne la pertinence d’une notion considérée comme technique professionnelle, mais aussi comme concept et outil d’analyse (Cizeron, 2010). À partir d’extraits de différents corpus relevant de l’enseignement de la lecture, du lire-écrire et de données de la formation, nous montrons comment l’analyse par gestes contribue à la construction des savoirs professionnels didactiques et en particulier des savoirs langagiers. Dès lors, la réflexion ne prétend pas résoudre les tensions relatives à la solidité conceptuelle de la notion de geste mais, s’appuyant sur les nombreuses publications qui l’exploitent dans différents champs disciplinaires (Lhoste, Champagne & Bulf, 2016), elle tente de faire le point sur son rendement en didactique du français.
Intérêt et limites de la notion de dispositif
Authors: Crinon Jacques , Viriot-Goeldel Caroline 
Published: July 2021

Résumé : Un dispositif didactique implique la médiation par des instruments et un aménagement du milieu visant à obtenir des élèves un comportement déterminé. À partir de données issues de la recherche « Twictée pour apprendre l’orthographe » – mesure des progrès des élèves, entretiens avec des enseignants et observations de classes – nous montrons la confiance des enseignants dans les potentialités et les contraintes du dispositif pour enrôler et faire progresser les élèves, mais aussi l’importance de la qualité des interventions des enseignants, qui, dans le type de dispositif ici étudié, introduisent des variations considérables de sa mise en œuvre et modifient la nature du travail cognitif demandé aux élèves.
« Sensibilité lexicale » : l’émergence d’un concept en didactique du lexique
Authors: Tremblay Ophélie 
Published: July 2021

Le concept de sensibilité lexicale renvoie à l’existence d’une disposition positive à apprendre les mots, qui se manifeste par un intérêt et une curiosité envers les phénomènes lexicaux (Scott & Nagy, 2009). Cette disposition correspond à la composante « attitudes » de la compétence lexicale (Tremblay, Anctil & Perron, 2016), aux côtés des connaissances et habiletés qui font partie de cette même compétence. Cet article vise à définir et caractériser le concept de sensibilité lexicale au sein d’une proposition de modélisation du concept de compétence lexicale. Une telle modélisation permet de montrer comment le concept de sensibilité lexicale s’inscrit dans le paysage actuel de la didactique du français – et de la didactique du lexique en particulier –, notamment à travers la mise en évidence des interactions entre affects et apprentissages, dans une perspective langagière.
The covid-19 pandemic in vulnerable communities: the responses of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas
Authors: Schiray Dalia Maimon 
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the effectiveness of public-health and economic-policy responses of the Brazilian government to the pandemic during the year 2020. We show that prevention, following WHO guidelines, is more easily adopted by the middle class. In low-income groups, housing conditions, lack of sanitation and informality limit the effectiveness of prevention. Governance problems in the relationship between the federal government and the states and municipalities have reduced the effectiveness of these measures. Brazil continues to fight the world’s second-highest number of deaths, after the United States. In this context, the article focuses on the responses of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas to the pandemic during and after the lockdown. With no specific policy on the part of the Brazilian government, this vulnerable population, supported by social organization present in the communities, adopted health preventive measures and benefited from donations of food and hygiene products that minimized the announced tragedy.
Sécurité sanitaire sous dépendance
Authors: Coris Marie , Piveteau Alain , Gorry Philippe , Montalban Matthieu 
Published: July 2021

Améliorer durablement la sécurité sanitaire des populations ne se résume pas à un simple réglage de variables économiques ou à l’ajustement de quelques incitations, même d’ampleur, au plan budgétaire. Une telle ambition implique d’engager, à différentes échelles, la construction de nouveaux compromis entre les parties prenantes de la sécurité sanitaire. Il s’agit là d’un enjeu de politique publique auquel la politique industrielle doit dorénavant contribuer indépendamment de son objectif traditionnel d’amélioration de la compétitivité.Nous envisageons cette proposition dans le cas de l’industrie du médicament, en dressant d’abord le constat du surgissement de la pénurie, emblématique pour les pays riches de la fragilité d’une industrie mondialisée suite à l’internationalisation de la protection des brevets en 1995. Nous revenons ensuite sur le débat national qui, en France, s’est saisi de ce problème productif en cristallisant la recherche de solutions sur les relocalisations ou l’amélioration de la compétitivité, sans parvenir à dépasser les contradictions à l’œuvre et à intégrer la complexité des déterminants de la localisation des établissements pharmaceutiques. Dans un dernier temps, nous considérons le territoire régional comme l’une des échelles où la construction d’un compromis socio-productif favorable à l’objectif de sécurité sanitaire est envisageable à partir d’une politique industrielle repensée.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Approaches for Tracing T Cell Development
Authors: Oh Seungyoul , Gray Daniel H D , Chong Mark M W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
T cell development occurs in the thymus, where uncommitted progenitors are directed into a range of sublineages with distinct functions. The goal is to generate a TCR repertoire diverse enough to recognize potential pathogens while remaining tolerant of self. Decades of intensive research have characterized the transcriptional programs controlling critical differentiation checkpoints at the population level. However, greater precision regarding how and when these programs orchestrate differentiation at the single-cell level is required. Single-cell RNA sequencing approaches are now being brought to bear on this question, to track the identity of cells and analyze their gene expression programs at a resolution not previously possible. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the application of these technologies that have the potential to yield unprecedented insight to T cell development.
Minor Physical Anomalies in Unipolar Depression
Authors: Sail Durva Balkrishna , Babhulkar Sneh , Waghmare Ninad , Kadam Krishna 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Minor physical anomalies (MPA), are mild errors of the morphogenesis, having prenatal origin and may bear major information for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The notion that early brain insults predispose to depression is supported by findings that some patients with the disorder exhibit morphologic evidence of subtle developmental abnormalities.

Aim:
The aim is to study MPA in depression.

Objectives:
(1) To study the association of MPA in depression, if any. (2) To study the most common MPA in depression

. Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 60 patients suffering from depression attending outpatient services and 60 healthy controls. Patients were evaluated for MPA using the Waldrop and Halverson Scale. Data were tabulated and analyzed using unpaired t-test.

Results:
The scores in the study group are significant than the control group suggesting an association between MPA and depression. The score of anomalies in the head, ear, and in the study group was significant. Correlation between age of onset and MPA was negative which suggests that as age increases the frequency of MPA decreases. More physical anomalies were found in the patient with a positive family history of psychiatric illness than the control group.

Conclusion:
A few number of studies have stressed on the need to screen and identify the link between MPA with underlying etiopathogenetic mechanisms in depression. Therefore, this is one of the few studies where a physical endophenotypic marker was evaluated helping to support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of depression.
Comparison of efficacy of gabapentin and memantine premedication in laparoscopic cholecystectomies for postoperative pain relief – A randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: Karri Sujitha Reddy , Jayaram Kavitha , Kumar Annekiran , Durga Padmaja 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:
The multiplicity of the mechanisms of the pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy inclines us to the usage of multimodal analgesia. Gabapentin is known for its analgesic efficacy when given as premedication in many surgeries. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists are used for both acute and chronic pain, but the use of memantine in the perioperative period is less studied. The aim of this randomised controlled study was to subjectively and objectively compare postoperative pain relief using gabapentin, memantine and placebo as premedication.

Methods:
Sixty-six patients posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomised into three groups. During the preoperative assessment, the baseline threshold and tolerance values of pain were measured using an algesiometer. Patients were pre-medicated with oral gabapentin 600 mg or memantine 20 mg or placebo an hour before surgery. Following extubation, pain scores were reassessed (both subjectively and objectively) along with Ramsay sedation scores at different time intervals for 4 h postoperatively.

Results:
Gabapentin group had lower Numerical Rating Scale scores at 15 min and 1 h postoperatively when compared to the other two groups. Memantine group had a longer time for the first request for rescue analgesia (50.53 min) compared to gabapentin and placebo. The objective assessment of pain with analgesiometer showed no statistical significance between the three groups for both threshold and tolerance values. Ramsay sedation scores were higher in the gabapentin group compared to the other two.

Conclusion:
Gabapentin provides better postoperative pain relief compared to memantine when given as single dose premedication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine in two different doses on emergence agitation in children under sevoflurane anaesthesia
Authors: Ramachandran Abinaya , Palanisamy Nagalakshmi , Vidya MV , Zachariah Mamie , George Sagiev K , Ranjan R V 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:
Emergence agitation (EA) in children is one of the most common postoperative problems encountered in the recovery room. Sevoflurane has been strongly associated with EA owing to its lower solubility and rapid recovery. Dexmedetomidine has been found to reduce the incidence of EA. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in two doses in reducing EA in children.

Methods:
This was a prospective double-blinded randomised study done on eighty children aged 5–14 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy/tonsillectomy under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Patients in Group A (n = 40) received 0.3 μg/kg/h and patients in group B (n = 40) received 0.5 μg/kg/h infusion after a bolus dose of 0.5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine. The primary objective was to compare two different doses of dexmedetomidine on EA in the postoperative period. The secondary objectives were to assess the pain and perioperative haemodynamics in the recovery room. The anaesthesiologist blinded to the study charted the paediatric anaesthesia emergence delirium score (PAED), perioperative haemodynamic parameters, objective pain score and rescue medications if given. The data were analysed using Student's unpaired t-test, Chi-square test, repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U test wherever appropriate.

Results:
The incidence of EA was comparable between both groups (P = 0.960). The haemodynamic parameters (P > 0.05) and the objective pain score (P = 0.810) also did not show a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:
A lower dose of dexmedetomidine (0.3 μg/kg/h) is equally effective as a higher dose (0.5 μg/kg/h) after a bolus dose of 0.5 μg/kg in decreasing EA.
Is hypotensive anaesthesia guided by invasive intraarterial monitoring required for orthognathic surgery? – A retrospective review of anaesthetic practice and intraoperative blood loss in orthognathic surgery in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Lee Yi Lin , Thangavelautham Suhitharan , Harikrishnan Sudha , Karthekeyan Ranjith , Kothandan Harikrishnan 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:
Orthognathic surgeries for maxillofacial deformities are commonly performed globally and are associated with significant blood loss. This can distort the surgical field and necessitate blood transfusion with its concomitant risks. We aimed to review if invasive intraarterial (IA) line monitoring and/or hypotensive anaesthesia is required for orthognathic surgeries, and their effects on intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements.

Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study conducted in patients admitted for orthognathic surgeries in a public tertiary hospital. Anaesthetic techniques and intraoperative haemodynamics were studied for their effects on intraoperative blood loss.

Results:
The data from 269 patients who underwent orthognathic–bimaxillary surgeries was analysed. Inhalational anaesthetic combined with remifentanil was administered for 86.6%, total intravenous anesthesia to 11.2% patients, while the rest received inhalational anaesthesia. Hypotensive anaesthesia was achieved in 48 subjects (17.8%) and associated with shorter duration of surgery (349 vs 378 min, P = 0.02) and a trend towards lower blood loss (874 mL vs 1000 mL, P = 0.058) but higher transfusion requirement (81.3% vs 58.8%, P = 0.004). An IA line was used in 119 patients (44.2%) and was not associated with a higher probability of achieving hypotensive anaesthesia (19.3% vs 16.7%, P = 0.06). However, less blood loss (911 vs 1029 mL, P = 0.05) occurred compared to noninvasive blood pressure monitoring.

Conclusion:
Invasive blood pressure monitoring is as effective as noninvasive methods to achieve hypotensive anaesthesia. It does not aid in achieving lower target blood pressure. There is a lack of association between a reduction in blood loss and higher blood transfusion during hypotensive anaesthesiaand thiswill require further evaluation.
Anticancer activity of gold nanobioconjugates synthesized from Elephantopus scaber (linn.) leaf extract
Authors: Shinde Ashwini S. , Mendhulkar Vijay D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Medicinal plants are the major natural resources for the treatment of human ailments including cancer therapy. The current cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy affect normal cells too. Thus, treatments like synthesized nanoscale particles using plant extracts have proven to be potential anticancer agent.

Aim of the Study:
We hypothesize that the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using Elephantopus scaber hydro-methanolic extract may have anti-cancer activity along with their synergistic counterparts with adriamycin (ADR) on human breast cancer MCF-7: human breast cancer (A-549), human oral cancer (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]-40), and COLO-205: human colon cancer cell lines.

Materials and Methods:
The phytosynthesized AuNPs were characterized for ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The anticancer ability of the AuNPs against human MCF-7, A-549, SCC-40, and COLO-205 through sulforhodamine B assay has been studied.

Results:
The synthesis of AuNPs was confirmed with the UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a peak at 540 nm. The FTIR analysis showed polyphenolic groups were major found to be the reduction and capping agent for AuNPs. According to the results obtained, AuNPs showed good anti-proliferative activity with GI50 <10 μg/ml on MCF-7 cancer cell line. The synergistic effect of AuNPs + ADR was even better for all the four cell lines than that of the AuNPs alone.

Conclusion:
The green synthesis of AuNPs is a simple, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method with dominantly spherical morphology ranging from 20 to 40 nm confirmed by NTA and TEM analysis. The study reveals the potent therapeutic value of the AuNPs.