bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD analysis of the needle tip angle in Pelton injector on jet quality for the power generation
Authors: Taborda Daniel G. , Rio Jorge Sierra-Del , Perez-Alvarez Juan Diego , Cardona-Vargas Arley , Villa Daniel Sanin 
Published: May 2021

Fossil fuels are energy sources that supply a large part of the world's energy generation. However, they produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates that increase global warming. For this reason, other forms of renewable energy such as hydropower have begun to be implemented through turbomachinery such as Pelton turbines, which significantly reduce these emissions since they are highly efficient turbines based on the use of natural resources (water). Pelton turbines are based mainly on three components for their operation, which are the Pelton injector, the bucket and the wheel. The injector is an important component in the energy transformation of Pelton turbines. Although to analyze its behavior, it is possible to use fluid dynamics (CFD) software to predict the trajectory of the flow through a solid or free surface. The objective of this work is to analyze by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) the incidence of the length and the needle tip angle of a Pelton turbine injector on the generated power. For this, an ANSYS 2020R2 computational fluid analysis software was used to study how the variation of the injector needle tip angle influences through the volume of fluid (VOF) method, starting from the generation of a commercial model with a tip angle of 60° and two (2) geometries of 55° and 75° respectively. Numerical results show a better performance for the 75° angle of 96 % and lower for the 55° and 60° with 94.1 % and 95.5 % respectively, whereby steeper angles achieve higher performances. In summary, the present study pretends to increase the power generation, in the face of phenomena occurred in the energy transfer. Although the performance of the injector in each angle configuration must be tested in practice
The comparison pack carburizing-nitriding SUS 316 with gas type Welding Grade and Ultra High Purity
Authors: Sulistiyono Bambang , Irawan Yudy Surya , Suprapto Agus , Soenoko Rudy 
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses the comparison of pack carburizing-nitriding SUS 316 with gas Nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to increase the hardness and corrosion resistance of SUS 316.
The research used a pack carburizing-nitriding method with gas type Welding Grade (WG) and Ultra High Purity (UHP). The pack carburizing process uses teak wood activated carbon and barium carbonate as a bio-photo catalyst. The specimens were put into a Sealed Steel Container containing teak wood activated carbon, with a depth of 1 cm below the activated carbon's surface. The test material is then heated until it reaches 850 °C and is held for 1 hour in a heating furnace. Furthermore, the nitriding process, the specimen is put into a tightly closed nitrogen tube, then nitrogen gas flows until the pressure reaches 41 bar and is held for 24 hours. They are using Welding Grade (WG) and Ultra High Purity (UHP) gas types. Furthermore, microVickers hardness testing, optical microscope, and Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) were carried out.
The results of the study include a. There was an increase in violence by 41.7 % for UHP and WG (17.3 %). b. The formation of nitride compounds and carbon dissipation on the specimen surface in the UHP carburizing-nitriding pack treatment is more than WG. The formation of a nitride layer is indicated by its fine and dense morphology and film bonding to the substrate. The chemical composition affects the diffusivity of nitrogen atoms in modifying the surface layer of the substrate. The higher the nitride compound formed, the smoother the substrate surface. Also, with UHP treatment, the lower the elemental content of Cr makes SUS 316 more resistant to corrosion. So that SUS 316 UHP can be recommended for use as an implant material
The effect of temperature and digested sewage sludge cover over tailings on the leaching of contaminants from Ballangen tailings deposit
Authors: Lu Jinmei , Leiviskä Tiina , Walder Ingar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dry covers can be applied above tailings to reduce and prevent formation of acid mine drainage and leaching of contaminants. Efficiency of covers is affected by different parameters, of which temperature change under climate change context is one. Here, a laboratory column leaching experiment was performed under four temperatures, 5, 10, 14, and 18 °C on unoxidized tailings from Ballangen, Norway. 600 mL of water was added to each column every second week and leachate was collected and analyzed for pH, salinity, alkalinity, concentrations of sulfate, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn. A thin layer of digested sewage sludge was added to columns after the 16th leaching cycle. In total, 21 leaching cycles were performed. Results showed low oxidation of tailings and therefore high pH and low salinity, SO42−, Fe, Ni, and Co in the leachates at leaching temperature of 5 °C. Addition of sludge cover slowed down oxidation of underlying tailings and decreased leaching of SO42−, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn from the tailings deposit, especially at relatively high temperatures. 10 °C is a threshold temperature, below which leaching is not affected by the cover addition so much. At a leaching temperature higher than 10 °C, the sludge cover addition can reduce the leaching of elements significantly.
Investigating the working efficiency of natural wastewater treatment systems: A step towards sustainable systems
Authors: Pinninti Ramdas , Kasi Venkatesh , Landa Sankar Rao , Rathinasamy Maheswaran , Sangamreddi Chandramouli , Radha Prasada Raju Dandu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Globally, wastewater is a vital resource and requires appropriate treatment management strategies. Wastewater has become a major source of irrigation in the peri-urban areas of developing nations. With the increasing amount of wastewater generation, there are several complications in using treatment systems in terms of installation, operation and maintenance, and size in developing countries. Recently, natural treatment systems are gaining popularity due to less cost and maintenance and have been preferred in peri-urban settings. In this study, the working efficiency of the natural systems was assessed from case studies from Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. The nutrient (Phosphorus and Nitrogen content) and organic matter removal efficiency of four natural treatment systems (NTS) having different operation, maintenance and loading rates were investigated. The study showed that natural treatment systems have good potential for peri-urban wastewater treatment. It was also observed that waste-stabilization based systems perform better than those based on duckweed and hyacinth plants. Regularly maintained and operated systems show removal efficiency on the order of 80% for organic and nutrients and performed better than others. The study indicates that decentralized, adequately maintained waste stabilization ponds (WSP) offer a viable, self-sustaining and eco-friendly alternative for wastewater treatment to supply irrigation water in rural areas.
The Impact of Hydrogenation Conditions on the Physical Properties of the
Degenerated Ni/Al Co-doped Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Anatase
Nanoparticles
Authors: Dakhel Aqeel Aziz 
Published: May 2021

:
Anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles co-doped with Ni/Al ions were synthesized by a thermoprecipitation
method. The samples were characterized by using X-­‐Ray diffraction and optical absorption
spectroscopy. The structural/optical investigations established the development of substitutional
solid solutions: TiO2:Ni:Al. The magnetization investigations were performed to study the
generated stable ferromagnetic properties of the samples due to the Ni2+ doping. To boost the created
ferromagnetic properties, Al ions co-dopings were employed to supply/densify the itinerant
electrons. It was planned to decide on the suitable hydrogenation conditions and temperature (TH),
which are necessary to create appreciable strength of ferromagnetic properties in the host co-doped
samples based on TiO2 for practical uses. The results established that the ferromagnetic energy
(Umag) was increased by ~240% and the saturation magnetization by ~140% with increasing of TH
from 400 oC to 500oC. The obtained Msat was higher by ~50 times than that previously attained for
Ni-doped TiO2. Such novel results were discussed and explained through the spin-spin Heisenberg
interactions.
Detecting Impending Stroke From Cognitive Traits Evident in Internet Searches: Analysis of Archival Data
Authors: Shaklai Sigal , Gilad-Bachrach Ran , Yom-Tov Elad , Stern Naftali 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Common risk assessment tools for stroke are based on the Framingham equation, which relies on traditional cardiovascular risk factors to predict an acute event in the near decade. However, no tools are currently available to predict a near/impending stroke, which might alert patients at risk to seek immediate preventive action (eg, anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation, control of hypertension).

Objective
Here, we propose that an algorithm based on internet search queries can identify people at increased risk for a near stroke event.

Methods
We analyzed queries submitted to the Bing search engine by 285 people who self-identified as having undergone a stroke event and 1195 controls with regard to attributes previously shown to reflect cognitive function. Controls included random people 60 years and above, or those of similar age who queried for one of nine control conditions.

Results
The model performed well against all comparator groups with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.985 or higher and a true positive rate (at a 1% false-positive rate) above 80% for separating patients from each of the controls. The predictive power rose as the stroke date approached and if data were acquired beginning 120 days prior to the event. Good prediction accuracy was obtained for a prospective cohort of users collected 1 year later. The most predictive attributes of the model were associated with cognitive function, including the use of common queries, repetition of queries, appearance of spelling mistakes, and number of queries per session.

Conclusions
The proposed algorithm offers a screening test for a near stroke event. After clinical validation, this algorithm may enable the administration of rapid preventive intervention. Moreover, it could be applied inexpensively, continuously, and on a large scale with the aim of reducing stroke events.
Penguatan Kapasitas Penyusunan Dokumen Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Desa di Banaran dan Brosot, Galur, Kulon Progo
Authors: Ratnawati Ratnawati , Sulistyani Ambar Teguh , Silalahi Oberlin 
Published: May 2021

Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Undang-Undang Desa Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa (UU Desa) yang membuat desa menjadi arena pelaksanaan program pembangunan dari pemerintah, tidak lagi seperti pada beberapa waktu lalu yang menjadikan desa hanya sebagai lokasi program pembangunan. Konsekuensi dari posisi dan peran desa yang seperti itu adalah setiap desa diberi alokasi dana desa sebesar maksimal 1 milyar rupiah. Salah satu syarat untuk mencairkan dana desa tersebut adalah adanya Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Desa (RPJMDes), Rencana Kerja Pembangunan Desa (RKPDes) , dan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa (APBDes). Terkait hal tersebut, Pemerintah Desa Banaran dan Pemerintah Desa Brosot menghadapi masalah, yaitu belum mampu menyusun dokumen RPJMDes berdasarkan peraturan dari Kementrian Dalam Negeri. Untuk itu, dilaksanakan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) yang bertujuan memberikan penguatan kapasitas atau kemampuan kepada pemerintah desa dalam menyusun dokumen RPJMDes sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, diselenggarakan pelatihan penyusunan dan dokumen RPJMDes, serta pendampingan, advokasi dan konsultasi dalam penyusunan dokumen RPJMDes. Melalui kegiatan PKM tersebut Pemeritah Desa Banaran dan Brosot berhasil menyusun dokumen RPJMDes tahun 2019-2024.
Aspek Agronomi Pohon Karet dan Masalah yang Dihadapi Petani Karet
Authors: Hutapea Sumihar , Panggabean Ellen Lumisar , Aziz Rizal , Siregar Tumpal HS , Suswati Suswati 
Published: May 2021

Tebal kulit disadap, kedalaman sadap, panjang alur sadap, frekuensi sadap, dan waktu sadap harus dipertimbangkan dalam penyadapan pohon karet. Perencanaan penggunaan bidang sadap penting untuk menjamin periode sadap yang panjang, lebih dari 25 tahun. Pada perkebunan karet rakyat hal tersebut tidak dianut. Oleh karena itu, penyuluhan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani diperlukan. Penelitian ini menyajikan aspek agronomi perkebunan karet rakyat yang menunjukkan rendahnya produksi dan beberapa aspek penyuluhan yang diperlukan petani karet. Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei dan tanya jawab pada Juni-Juli 2019 di Desa Sari Laba Jahe, Kecamatan Biru-Biru, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kelompok yang disurvei adalah Kelompok Tani Mekar Tani yang beranggota 30 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengamatan kebun karet masing-masing petani dan tanya jawab untuk memperoleh data serta informasi, berkaitan dengan aspek agronomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani karet belum menghasilkan produksi ideal, 26,67% petani menghasilkan kurang dari 25 g per pohon per sadap. Sebanyak 17 petani mengelola kebun seluas kurang dari 1 ha dan 1-1,5 ha mengelola kurang dari 500 pohon per ha. Sebanyak 46% petani berpendapat bahwa masalah yang dihadapi dalam mengelola kebun karetnya adalah penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP).
Pengembangan Sistem Pembibitan Ternak Kambing Peranakan Etawah di Kelompok Ternak Lembah Meru, Desa Wonoasri, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Khasanah Himmatul , Purnamasari Listya , Suciati Luh Putu 
Published: May 2021

Kelompok Ternak Lembah Meru merupakan salah satu kelompok yang mengusahakan pembibitan ternak kambing PE (Peranakan Etawah). Permasalahan dalam kelompok ini adalah sulitnya mendapatkan bibit unggul yang dapat menunjang keberhasilan usaha. Adapun solusi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan mengembangkan dan menerapkan sistem pembibitan pola inti terbuka (open nucleus breeding scheme) karena sistem ini cocok diimplementasikan di peternakan rakyat. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan berupa FGD (Focus Group Discussion) dengan UPTPT-HMT Jember sebagai sumber parent stock, sosialisasi dan pelatihan sistem pembibitan kambing PE, sosialisasi dan pelatihan manajemen pencatatan dan pembibitan ternak, dan evaluasi serta pemonitoran keberhasilan program. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan perilaku (100%), pengetahuan (100%), dan keterampilan peternak dalam melakukan usaha pembibitan ternak kambing PE dengan sistem pembibitan inti terbuka (100%). Akan tetapi, penerapan teknologi pengolahan pakan dan penggunaan smartphone untuk pencatatan masih rendah (55%). Kelompok ternak berperan sebagai inti yang memelihara dan mengembangkan ternak unggul. Adapun anggota kelompok berperan sebagai plasma dan multiplier. Program ini sangat bermanfaat bagi peningkatan struktur sistem pembibitan ternak kambing PE di Kelompok Ternak Lembah Meru.
Performa Tryptone Bile X-Glucuronide (TBX) yang disuplementasikan dengan Cefotaxime sebagai Medium Selektif Untuk Skrining ESBL-E.coli dari Sampel Lingkungan
Authors: Febrianti Tati , Nursofiah Sundari , Amalia Novi , Febriyana Dwi , Saraswati Ratih Dian , Puspandari Nelly , Sunarno Sunarno , Efadeswarni Efadeswarni 
Published: May 2021

Identification of ESBL-E.coli from environment without selective medium will be challenging to do considering that E.coli mixes with various other microorganisms in the environment. This study aimed to determine the performance of TBX Agar supplemented with Cefotaxime as a selective medium for ESBL-E. coli screening from 138 water samples of environmental sampling obtained from rivers, open sewers in the market, poultry slaughterhouses and hospital waste water inlets and outlets around Jakarta. Laboratory examinations were carried out through the filtration stage, inoculation on the TBX Agar supplemented with Cefotaxime medium as well as species confirmation and ESBL with the indol test and double-disk test. The results showed that 87.08% (40-100%) of suspect colonies growing on TBX Agar supplemented with Cefotaxime medium were confirmed as E.coli and 82.51% (12-100%) were confirmed as ESBL-E.coli. However, there was no correlation between TBX Agar supplemented with Cefotaxime performance and sampling locations. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the TBX supplemented with Cefotaxime medium can be used for ESBL-E.coli screening in the environment, but further confirmation is needed using the indole and double-disk tests.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, ESBL, TBX Agar suplemented with Cefotaxime
Abstrak Identifikasi ESBL-E.coli tanpa medium selektif akan sangat sulit dilakukan pada sampel lingkungan mengingat ESBL-E.coli bercampur dengan berbagai mikroorganisme lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui performa TBX Agar yang disuplementasi Cefotaxime sebagai medium selektif untuk skrining ESBL-E.coli. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 138 sampel air lingkungan yang diambil dari sungai, saluran pembuangan terbuka di pasar, rumah pemotongan hewan unggas (RPHU) serta inlet dan outlet limbah rumah sakit di sekitar Jakarta. Pemeriksaan laboratorium melalui tahapan filtrasi, inokulasi pada medium TBX Agar dengan suplementasi Cefotaxime serta konfirmasi spesies dan ESBL dengan uji indol dan double-disk test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa koloni tersangka yang tumbuh pada medium TBX Agar dengan suplementasi Cefotaxime sebanyak 87,08% (40-100%) terkonfirmasi sebagai E.coli dan 82,51% (12-100%) terkonfirmasi sebagai ESBL-E.coli. Namun, tidak ada hubungan antara performa TBX Agar dengan suplementasi Cefotaxime dengan lokasi pengambilan sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa medium TBX Agar dengan suplementasi Cefotaxime cocok digunakan untuk skrining ESBL-E.coli di lingkungan namun tetap diperlukan konfirmasi lanjut menggunakan uji indol dan double disk test.
Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, ESBL, TBX Agar suplemented with Cefotaxime
Applicazione dei processi elettrochimici ai bioreattori a membrane vive incapsulate
Authors: Pierro Andrea 
Published: May 2021

I bioreattori a membrana (MBR) uniscono nella stessa unità sia il
processo biologico che la filtrazione su membrana in sostituzione dei
sedimentatori secondari. Gli MBR presentano vari vantaggi rispetto
all’impianto convenzionale a fanghi attivi tra cui minor ingombro,
migliore qualità dell’effluente e minor produzioni di fanghi. Non
mancano, però, degli svantaggi: il primo è rappresentato dai costi
elevati dovuti ai consumi energetici e al costo delle membrane, il
secondo, ma non meno importante è legato alla formazione del fouling,
ossia dello sporcamento delle stesse, che ne riduce il flusso, limitando
così l’efficienza del processo. Negli anni sono state studiate diverse
tecnologie per porre rimedio a questi svantaggi. L’introduzione delle
membrane dinamiche auto-formanti (SFDM) ha permesso di contrastare il
problema del costo delle membrane, poiché il loro funzionamento è basato
sulla deposizione delle particelle di fango su un modulo di supporto con
porosità elevata e realizzato con materiali economici. Lo svantaggio
principale di questa tecnologia risiede nella necessità di un tempo
iniziale per la completa formazione della membrana dinamica, il quale
varia a seconda delle caratteristiche del refluo o delle condizioni
operative in cui avviene il processo. Altra soluzione proposta dalla
letteratura scientifica per contrastare il problema dello sporcamento
della membrana è quella di accoppiare i processi elettrochimici con gli
MBR, tale soluzione non solo riduce il fouling di membrana ma aumenta le
performance depurative del sistema.
Should I Blow the Whistle on My Boss? An Investigation of the Effects of Emotional Intelligence and Consequence Framing on the Subordinates' Whistleblowing Intentions
Authors: Geng Xin , Fleming A. Scott 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Given that whistleblowing is considered an effective measure to prevent and detect fraud, we experimentally examine select factors that may impede a subordinate tipster to act when the leader is involved. Specifically, we examine the effects of the subordinate's emotional intelligence, the leader's emotional intelligence, and the consequence framing of outcomes to the company and the leader on the intention of the subordinate to blow the whistle. We found that when a leader is involved in a fraud and has a high emotional intelligence, the subordinate is less likely to blow the whistle. Moreover, the subordinate is more likely to blow the whistle when the outcome consequence is framed as being positive to the organization relative to being negative to the leader when the leader has a high emotional intelligence. This study makes scholarly contributions to the whistleblowing literature and has important practical implications in the anti-fraud arena.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
The Effect of Whistleblower Source and Tip Frame on Internal Auditors' Judgments and Actions
Authors: Kerler William A. , Fleming A. Scott , Allport Christopher D. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The literature on assessments of whistleblower tips is limited and many unanswered questions exist. This study investigates the assessment of anonymous whistle blower tips by participants acting as internal auditors and the actions that ensue. Two-hundred sixteen participants rated the likelihood and seriousness of fraud and the investigative resources applied based upon a written script. Results suggest that the wording utilized by a tipster impacts fraud likelihood assessments, which in turn impacts tip importance assessments. The source of the tip was not significant in either assessment. Fraud likelihood assessments and tip importance assessments influence the experience level of the personnel assigned to investigate the tip, while tip importance also influences the hours assigned to investigate the tip. Finally, the frame of the tip has a significant indirect effect on the experience assigned and the hours assigned, mediated by fraud likelihood and tip importance assessments.
JEL Classifications: G41; M42; M49.
Fraud and Governance: The Importance of People
Authors: Hermanson Dana R. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper describes my professional journey focusing on human aspects of fraud and corporate governance. I describe the initial “light bulb” moments that highlighted the importance of people and the years of human-focused fraud and governance research and teaching since those events. I use five themes (skills, signals, relationships, fairness, and persuasion [with bad intent]) to summarize insights from a variety of human-focused research projects in fraud and governance and to provide avenues for future research. My overall goal is to use my professional journey to highlight key human-focused research themes, avenues for additional exploration, and ways to use research in class.