bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sliding-Mode Control Algorithm to Enhance In-Hand Motion Capabilities
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Mukherjee Joyjit , Mukherjee Sudipto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article reports a method for regulating the internal forces during in-hand manipulation of an unknown shaped object with soft robotic fingers. The internal forces ensure that the object does not move between the robotic fingers, thus improving the grip. It is shown that if soft fingers show bounded conformity and the finger–object interface have bounded relative slip, then the relative angular velocity between the object and the fingertip coordinate frame in contact is bounded. Detailed derivation of the proof is presented. The proof is later used to define a new metric of relative slip. The metric is used to design a sliding mode control algorithm that results in an efficient grip, which is robust toward uncertainty in object shape. The robotic fingers are assumed to be under virtual rigidity constraint, that is, the distance between the fingertips do not change. The control algorithm is attractive as it skirts requirement of information of the shape of the object or to solve optimization problems. The grip with the robust control algorithm is shown to be finite-time stable through Lyapunov’s method. The methodology is demonstrated using simulations.
Preliminary Study on the Influence of an External Magnetic Field on Melt Pool Behavior in Laser Melting of 4140 Steel Using In-Situ X-Ray Imaging
Authors: Wolff Sarah J. , Gould Benjamin , Parab Niranjan , Zhao Cang , Greco Aaron , Sun Tao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In laser melting processes of metallic parts, including welding and additive manufacturing, there are challenges in porosity formation and developing predictive multiphysics of the process. Surrounding a melt pool with an external magnetic field has promise in changing the Marangoni flow and reducing porosity formation. In-situ X-ray imaging enables the observation of melt pool behavior and porosity formation in real-time. This preliminary study shows that an external magnetic field can achieve both, with potential to scale up in industrial processes and to validate multiphysics models.
Low-Cycle Fatigue Lifetime Estimation and Predictive Maintenance for a Gas Turbine Compressor Vane Carrier Under Varying Operating Conditions
Authors: Han Zixi , Jiang Zixian , Ehrt Sophie , Li Mian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the age of Industry 4.0, the capability of health management is critical to the design and maintenance of gas turbines. This study presents a probabilistic method to estimate the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life of a gas turbine compressor vane carrier (CVC) under varying operating conditions. Sensitivity analysis based on the finite element analysis (FEA) indicates that an operating cycle can be characterized by three predominant contributors to the LCF damage of the CVC among multiple parameters of an operating cycle. Two surrogate models mapping these three features to equivalent stresses are then built for fast computation of the LCF damage. Miner's rule is applied in a probabilistic way to calculate the distribution of accumulated LCF damage over varying operating cycles. Finally, the probabilistic LCF life of the CVC is assessed using real operational data. The proposed approach includes two novel solutions: (1) a new data processing technique inspired by the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart to identify the first ramp-up period as well as the shutdown period of each cycle from noisy operational data; (2) the sequential convolution strategy adapted from Miner's rule to compute the probability distribution of accumulated LCF damage (and hence LCF life) from the single-cycle damage distribution, and an approximative quick estimation method to reduce computational expense. Both the offline application for design and online implementation for predictive maintenance show that the expected LCF life at a critical location of the CVC is significantly longer than the deterministically assessed life.
Local and Trajectory-Based Indexes for Task-Related Energetic Performance Optimization of Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Vidussi Fabrizio , Boscariol Paolo , Scalera Lorenzo , Gasparetto Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a task-dependent energetic analysis of robotic manipulators is presented. The proposed approach includes a novel performance index, which relates the energy consumption of a robotic manipulator to its inertia ellipsoid. To validate the method, the dynamic and electro-mechanic models of a three degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) SCARA robot are implemented and the influence of the location of a predefined point-to-point task (such as a pick-and-place operation) within the robot workspace is considered. The task-dependent analysis provides energy consumption maps that are compared with the prediction of the theoretical formulation based on the proposed trajectory energy index (TEI), which can be used to optimally locate the task to obtain minimal energy consumption without having to compute it through extensive dynamic simulations. Results show the effectiveness of the method and the good agreement between the TEI and the effective energy consumption within the whole workspace of the robot for several trajectories.
The Effects of Operational, Testing, and Material Characterizations on the Change in Yield Strength From Plate to Pipe
Authors: Jiao Jingsi , Lu Cheng , Linton Valerie , Barbaro Frank 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The rapid growth of energy consumption has increased the demand of pipelines for the transportation of oil and gas. UOE is one common technique for manufacturing pipes, and its pipe products are evaluated by tensile tests after cutting and flattening the specimen. The mechanical performance of the pipe sample has a direct influence on their application and a significant economic impact on manufacturers. There is often a change in the yield strength from plate to pipe. This work sets out to provide a critical knowledge base for this change, with emphasizing the important influence of the plate mechanical properties on the pipe so that the quality of pipe can be further ensured. In the work, first, the historical data of the pipe yield strength were collected and plotted to provide an overall insight and a quantitative review on change of the pipe yield strength. Second, an experimentally validated finite element model of the pipe forming and mechanical testing was explained. Finally, using the validated Finite Element model, a parametric study was conducted to determine the individual role that each plate material parameter plays on changing the pipe yield strength. We found that the pipe yield strength can differ significantly by varying the plate properties. This work sheds lights on the desired plate mechanical properties to optimize the final pipe yield strength.
Deep Spatio-Temporal Neural Networks for Risk Prediction and Decision Support in Aviation Operations
Authors: Lee HyunKi , Puranik Tejas G. , Mavris Dimitri N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe maintenance and improvement of safety are among the most critical concerns in civil aviation operations. Due to the increased availability of data and improvements in computing power, applying artificial intelligence technologies to reduce risk in aviation safety has gained momentum. In this paper, a framework is developed to build a predictive model of future aircraft trajectory that can be utilized online to assist air crews in their decision-making during approach. Flight data parameters from the approach phase between certain approach altitudes (also called gates) are utilized for training an offline model that predicts the aircraft’s ground speed at future points. This model is developed by combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) layers. Due to the myriad of model combinations possible, hyperband algorithm is used to automate the hyperparameter tuning process to choose the best possible model. The validated offline model can then be used to predict the aircraft’s future states and provide decision-support to air crews. The method is demonstrated using publicly available Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The developed model can predict the ground speed at an accuracy between 1.27% and 2.69% relative root-mean-square error. A safety score is also evaluated considering the upper and lower bounds of variation observed within the available data set. Thus, the developed model represents an improved performance over existing techniques in literature and shows significant promise for decision-support in aviation operations.
Reducing Variability in Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes Based on Gas Purification and Sample Support Redesign
Authors: Tomaraei Golnaz , Lee Jaegeun , Abdulhafez Moataz , Bedewy Mostafa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs), also referred to as CNT forest, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an intricate process that is sensitive to multiple factors other than control of temperature, pressure, and gas flows. In particular, growth is highly sensitive to factors like ambient humidity, as well as small quantities of oxygen-containing species and carbon deposits inside the reactor. These typically uncontrolled factors significantly affect growth reproducibility and hinders the fundamental study of process–structure–property relationship for these emerging materials. Accordingly, universally applicable design modifications and process steps toward improving growth consistency are sought after. In this study, we introduce two new modifications to our custom-designed multizone rapid thermal CVD reactor and demonstrate their impact on growth: (1) reconfiguring the inlet gas plumbing to add a gas purifier to the helium (He) line, and (2) designing a new support wafer for consistent loading of substrates. We use statistical analysis to test the effectiveness of these modifications in improving growth and reducing variability of both CNT forest height and density. Analysis of our experimental results and hypothesis testing show that combining the implementation of He purifier with the redesigned support wafer increases forest height and reduces the variability in height (17-folds), both at statistically significant and practically significant levels.
A Systematic Review of CrossFit® Workouts and Dietary and Supplementation Interventions to Guide Nutritional Strategies and Future Research in CrossFit®
Authors: de Souza Ricardo Augusto Silva , da Silva André Guedes , de Souza Magda Ferreira , Souza Liliana Kataryne Ferreira , Roschel Hamilton , da Silva Sandro Fernandes , Saunders Bryan 
Published: January 2021

CrossFit® is a high-intensity functional training method consisting of daily workouts called “workouts of the day.” No nutritional recommendations exist for CrossFit® that are supported by scientific evidence regarding the energetic demands of this type of activity or dietary and supplement interventions. This systematic review performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines aimed to identify studies that determined (a) the physiological and metabolic demands of CrossFit® and (b) the effects of nutritional strategies on CrossFit® performance to guide nutritional recommendations for optimal recovery, adaptations, and performance for CrossFit® athletes and direct future research in this emerging area. Three databases were searched for studies that investigated physiological responses to CrossFit® and dietary or supplementation interventions on CrossFit® performance. Various physiological measures revealed the intense nature of all CrossFit® workouts of the day, reflected in substantial muscle fatigue and damage. Dietary and supplementation studies provided an unclear insight into effective strategies to improve performance and enhance adaptations and recovery due to methodological shortcomings across studies. This systematic review showed that CrossFit® is a high-intensity sport with fairly homogenous anaerobic and aerobic characteristics, resulting in substantial metabolic stress, leading to metabolite accumulation (e.g., lactate and hydrogen ions) and increased markers of muscle damage and muscle fatigue. Limited interventional data exist on dietary and supplementation strategies to optimize CrossFit® performance, and most are moderate to very low quality with some critical methodological limitations, precluding solid conclusions on their efficacy. High-quality work is needed to confirm the ideal dietary and supplemental strategies for optimal performance and recovery for CrossFit® athletes and is an exciting avenue for further research.
Use of symptom checkers for COVID-19-related symptoms among university students: a qualitative study
Authors: Aboueid Stephanie , Meyer Samantha B , Wallace James R , Mahajan Shreya , Nur Teeyaa , Chaurasia Ashok 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveSymptom checkers are potentially beneficial tools during pandemics. To increase the use of the platform, perspectives of end users must be gathered. Our objectives were to understand the perspectives and experiences of young adults related to the use of symptom checkers for assessing COVID-19-related symptoms and to identify areas for improvement.MethodsWe conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 22 young adults (18–34 years of age) at a university in Ontario, Canada. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified six main themes related to the decision of using a symptom checker for COVID-19 symptoms: (1) presence of symptoms or a combination of symptoms, (2) knowledge about COVID-19 symptoms, (3) fear of seeking in-person healthcare services, (4) awareness about symptom checkers, (5) paranoia and (6) curiosity. Participants who used symptom checkers shared by governmental entities reported an overall positive experience. Individuals who used non-credible sources reported suboptimal experiences due to lack of perceived credibility. Five main areas for improvement were identified: (1) information about the creators of the platform, (2) explanation of symptoms, (3) personalised experience, (4) language options, and (5) option to get tested.ConclusionsThis study suggests an increased acceptance of symptom checkers due to the perceived risks of infection associated with seeking in-person healthcare services. Symptom checkers have the potential to reduce the burden on healthcare systems and health professionals, especially during pandemics; however, these platforms could be improved to increase use.
Changing patterns of gender inequities in childhood mortalities during the Sustainable Development Goals era in Nigeria: findings from an artificial neural network analysis
Authors: Adeyinka Daniel Adedayo , Petrucka Pammla Margaret , Isaac Elon Warnow , Muhajarine Nazeem 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesIn line with the child survival and gender equality targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 and 5, we aimed to: (1) estimate the age and sex-specific mortality trends in child-related SDG indicators (ie, neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-five mortality rate (U5MR)) over the 1960s–2017 period, and (2) estimate the expected annual reduction rates needed to achieve the SDG-3 targets by projecting rates from 2018 to 2030.DesignGroup method of data handling-type artificial neural network (GMDH-type ANN) time series.MethodsThis study used an artificial intelligence time series (GMDH-type ANN) to forecast age-specific childhood mortality rates (neonatal and under-five) and sex-specific U5MR from 2018 to 2030. The data sets were the yearly historical mortality rates between 1960s and 2017, obtained from the World Bank website. Two scenarios of mortality trajectories were simulated: (1) status quo scenarios—assuming the current trend continues; and (2) acceleration scenarios—consistent with the SDG targets.ResultsAt the projected rates of decline of 2.0% for NMR and 1.2% for U5MR, Nigeria will not achieve the child survival SDG targets by 2030. Unexpectedly, U5MR will begin to increase by 2028. To put Nigeria back on track, annual reduction rates of 7.8% for NMR and 10.7% for U5MR are required. Also, female U5MR is decreasing more slowly than male U5MR. At the end of SDG era, female deaths will be higher than male deaths (80.9 vs 62.6 deaths per 1000 live births).ConclusionNigeria is not likely to achieve SDG targets for child survival and gender equities because female disadvantages will worsen. A plausible reason for the projected increase in female mortality is societal discrimination and victimisation faced by female child. Stakeholders in Nigeria need to adequately plan for child health to achieve SDG targets by 2030. Addressing gender inequities in childhood mortality in Nigeria would require gender-sensitive policies and community mobilisation against gender-based discrimination towards female child.
Narrative review of mental illness in cricket with recommendations for mental health support
Authors: McCabe Thomas , Peirce Nicholas , Gorczynski Paul , Heron Neil 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionEpidemiology reporting within the cricketing medical literature has emerged over the past 2 years, with a focus on physical injuries. Despite mental health in elite sport gaining increasing recognition, few studies have addressed mental health symptoms and disorders within cricket. Recently, cricketers have been prominent in the mainstream media describing their lived experiences of mental illness. As a result, some have withdrawn from competition and suggested there is an unmet need for mental health services within the sport.Objectives(i) To appraise the existing evidence on mental health symptoms and disorders amongst cricketers. (ii) To provide guidance on shaping mental health research and services within cricket.DesignA narrative review of the literature from inception of available databases until 26 July 2019, with analysis and recommendations.ResultsFive studies were included in this narrative review. Studies covered a range of mental health symptoms and disorders, including distress, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, suicide, adverse alcohol use, illicit drug use, eating disorders and bipolar disorder. Results indicated that cricketers are at high risk for distress, anxiety, depression and adverse alcohol use. When compared with the general population, cricketers are more likely to experience anxiety and depressive symptoms. Rates of suicide were proposed to be high for test cricketers. Overall, studies to date have been of low quality, demonstrating non-rigorous research methods. Some studies have relied on non-validated questionnaires to collect self-reported data on mental health symptoms and disorders, while others have presented biographical data obtained through searches of the media.ConclusionsThe results of this narrative review highlight the lack of evidence underpinning mental health services for athletes within cricket. We suggest the following recommendations for future research and practice: (i) normalising mental health symptoms and disorders; (ii) working with and helping vulnerable demographic segments within the target population; (iii) designing and implementing early recognition systems of mental health symptoms and disorders; (iv) addressing the mental health needs of cricketers on a population basis.
Potential for reduced premature mortality by current and increased bicycle commuting: a health impact assessment using registry data on home and work addresses in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Sommar Johan Nilsson , Schantz Peter , Strömgren Magnus , Forsberg Bertil 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThe study aims to make use of individual data to estimate the impact on premature mortality due to both existing commuter bicycling and the potential impact due to increased physical activity through shifting transport mode from car commuting to bicycling.MethodsUsing registry data on home and work addresses for the population of Stockholm County the shortest bicycling route on a network of bicycle paths and roads was retrieved. Travel survey data were used to establish current modes of commuting. The relation between duration of bicycling and distance bicycled within the general population in 2015 was established as a basis for identifying individuals that currently drive a car to work but were estimated to have the physical capacity to bicycle to work within 30 min. Within this mode-shift scenario from car-to-bike the duration of bicycling per week was estimated, both among current and potential bicycle commuters. The health impact assessment (HIA) on mortality due to bicycle commuting physical activity was estimated using the same relative risk as within the WHO Health Economic Assessment Tool.ResultsThe current number of bicycle commuters were 53 000, and the scenario estimated an additional 111 000. Their mean bicycle distances were 4.5 and 3.4 km, respectively. On average these respective amounts of physical activity reduced the yearly mortality by 16% and 12%, resulting in 11.3 and 16.2 fewer preterm deaths per year.ConclusionThe HIA of transferring commuting by car to bicycle estimated large health benefits due to increased physical activity.
Global research on cognitive behavioural therapy for schizophrenia from 2000 to 2019: a bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace
Authors: Fei Xinxing , Wang Shiqi , Zheng Xiaojiao , Liu Kezhi , Liang Xuemei 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is considered to be an effective treatment for schizophrenia. In recent years, researchers have published clinical research results on CBT for schizophrenia. However, there is currently a lack of bibliometric analysis on CBT for schizophrenia.AimsTo understand the current situation and research trends of CBT for schizophrenia, and to provide valuable information for researchers in this field.MethodsLiterature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace was used to visually analyse the current status of research on CBT for schizophrenia, as well as trends and points of general interest on this topic.ResultsA total of 1151 papers were retrieved. The annual number of publications has increased 417.65% from 2000 to 2019.Schizophrenia Researchwas the most active journal. McGorry enjoys considerable influence. The University of London is deemed to be the most active research institution. England and the USA retain the highest scientific productivity in this field. China and Norway might make more contributions to this field in the future. The most important research topics are randomised controlled trials of CBT for schizophrenia, meta-analysis, scale selection and research on the improvement of quality of life. Results from the following keywords ‘psychoeducation’, ‘insomnia’, ‘individual’, ‘mental illness’, ‘major depressive disorder’, ‘efficacy’, ‘internalised stigma’ and ‘remediation’ indicated new research frontiers in this field.ConclusionsThe field of CBT for schizophrenia is progressing and has great potential. The level and quality of research in this field is high. The proposal of research hotspots and frontiers serves as a direction for researchers in this field. Researchers around the world should strengthen their cooperation and communication to promote further development of this field.