bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective blinded evaluation of smartphone-based ECG for differentiation of supraventricular tachycardia from inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Authors: Wegner Felix K. , Kochhäuser Simon , Frommeyer Gerrit , Lange Philipp S. , Ellermann Christian , Leitz Patrick , Müller Patrick , Köbe Julia , Eckardt Lars , Dechering Dirk G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) are often difficult to document due to their intermittent, short-lasting nature. Smartphone-based one-lead ECG monitors (sECG) were initially developed for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. No data have been published regarding their potential role in differentiating inappropiate sinus tachycardia (IST) from regular SVT. If cardiologists could distinguish IST from SVT in sECG, economic health care burden might be significantly reduced.

Methods
We prospectively recruited 75 consecutive patients with known SVT undergoing an EP study. In all patients, four ECG were recorded: a sECG during SVT and during sinus tachycardia and respective 12-lead ECG. Two experienced electrophysiologists were blinded to the diagnoses and separately evaluated all ECG.

Results
Three hundred individual ECG were recorded in 75 patients (47 female, age 50 ± 18 years, BMI 26 ± 5 kg/m2, 60 AVNRT, 15 AVRT). The electrophysiologists’ blinded interpretation of sECG recordings showed a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 91% for the detection of SVT (interobserver agreement κ = 0.76). In high-quality sECG recordings (68%), sensitivity rose to 95% with a specificity of 92% (interobserver agreement of κ = 0.91). Specificity increased to 96% when both electrophysiologists agreed on the diagnosis. Respective 12-lead ECG had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98% for the detection of SVT.

Conclusion
A smartphone-based one-lead ECG monitor allows for differentiation of SVT from IST in about 90% of cases. These results should encourage cardiologists to integrate wearables into clinical practice, possibly reducing time to definitive diagnosis of an arrhythmia and unnecessary EP procedures.

Graphical abstract
A smartphone-based one lead ECG device (panel A) can be used reliably to differentiate supraventricular tachycardia (panel B) from inappropriate sinus tachycardia when compared to a simultaneously conducted gold-standard electrophysiology study (panels C, D).
Effective cleaning of endoscopic lenses to achieve visual clarity for minimally invasive abdominopelvic surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Nabeel Ahmad , Al-Sabah Salman K. , Ashrafian Hutan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
To review the recently available interventions to achieve optimal visual clarity in laparoscopic abdominopelvic surgery compared to conventional cleaning alternatives.

Summary background data
Currently, there is no consensus on the most effective method for the cleaning of endoscopic lenses used in minimally invasive abdominopelvic surgery.

Methods
Literature searching for articles relevant to answering a predefined research question was performed in December 2019 and involved searching of the electronic databases of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Registry, and EMBASE. Basic search terms were derived using the PICO (population, intervention, comparator and outcomes) framework and through a scoping search of literature via MEDLINE. A manual search of Google Scholar and citation screening of eligible studies was also performed to ensure the identification and inclusion of all pertinent studies to address the research question.

Results
Among conventional and readily available methods, the most effective approaches involved heated sterile water, heating of laparoscope lenses, and surfactant solutions, including FRED and Ultra-Stop, while evaluations of all novel devices and methods were more effective than controls, which included lens wiping systems and air and carbon dioxide flow systems. While the former surgical techniques were consistently associated with superior lens cleaning ability and/or defogging capability and subsequent optical clarity of images within the surgical field, no methods conferred any meaningful effects upon other clinically important outcomes, such as operative time, costs, complication rates and length of stay, suggesting that decision making concerning the selection of lens cleaning method/device should suit the preferences of the instrument operator and/or the responsible surgeon.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that a range of endoscopic lens cleaning methods and devices can be used to achieve sufficient optical clarity of the laparoscopic surgical field through either preventing lenses from fogging and/or facilitating the inter-operative cleaning of fouled lenses. Despite the various methods evaluated in this review, there were no significant differences in complication rates between the intervention and control groups.
All-on-Chip Concurrent Measurements of the Static Magnetization and of the Electron Spin Resonance with Microcantilevers
Authors: Alfonsov A. , Büchner B. , Kataev V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA large variety of the samples of novel magnetic materials, which are of high interest due to their exotic properties, are only available in very small sizes. In some cases, it is not possible to synthesize large single crystals; in other cases, the small size itself is the key prerequisite to manifest a specifically interesting property of the material. The smallness of a sample rises a problem of the detection of the static magnetic response and of the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal. To overcome this problem, we propose to use a cantilever-based (torque-detected) setup with the capability of a simultaneous measurement of ESR and static magnetization. This setup offers a high sensitivity and the ability to acquire along with the ESR signal the components of the magnetization tensor in a single experimental run. Here, we present the working principle of this setup, as well as the estimate of its sensitivity from the measurements on the standard Co Tutton salt sample.
Error control for statistical solutions of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws
Authors: Giesselmann Jan , Meyer Fabian , Rohde Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStatistical solutions have recently been introduced as an alternative solution framework for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. In this work, we derive a novel a posteriori error estimate in the Wasserstein distance between dissipative statistical solutions and numerical approximations obtained from the Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin method in one spatial dimension, which rely on so-called regularized empirical measures. The error estimator can be split into deterministic parts which correspond to spatio-temporal approximation errors and a stochastic part which reflects the stochastic error. We provide numerical experiments which examine the scaling properties of the residuals and verify their splitting.
What is in a student-faculty relationship? A template analysis of students’ positive and negative critical incidents with faculty and staff in higher education
Authors: Snijders Ingrid , Wijnia Lisette , Dekker Hans J. J. , Rikers Remy M. J. P. , Loyens Sofie M. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSupportive relationships between students and their educational faculty and staff can foster positive outcomes such as students’ involvement and development. However, research investigating how students perceive the quality of their relationships with educational faculty/staff (i.e., relationship quality) so far remains scarce. This study’s aim was to gain more insight into the construct of relationship quality in higher education using a qualitative approach. Students’ descriptions of their positive (n = 294) and negative relationship experiences (n = 395) were collected using a critical incident technique (final sample N = 513 critical incidents) followed by a template analysis with a priori themes (i.e., relationship quality dimensions: trust in honesty, trust in benevolence, satisfaction, affective commitment, affective conflict). Results indicated that students most often mentioned trust in honesty and trust in benevolence. Affective conflict was not always explicitly mentioned in negative experiences, nor satisfaction in positive experiences. Descriptions of trust in benevolence (n = 355) were equally distributed over positive and negative incidents. However, trust in honesty was more often referred to in negative (n = 145) than in positive incidents (n = 51). The results indicated that students considered timely response to assignments and emails important, and teachers showing interest and attention. The study’s findings provide a new view of how students might positively and negatively perceive the quality of their relationship with educational faculty and staff. This study adds to the theoretical and practical implications of relationship quality research in higher education and how relational aspects are important for students.
Institutional quality, economic development and illegal logging: a quantitative cross-national analysis
Authors: Bösch Matthias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIllegal logging is a global concern, associated with severe negative environmental, social and economic impacts, such as deforestation, degradation of biodiversity and loss of government revenues. Despite recent international efforts to combat illegal logging activities, the problem remains widespread. While the academic literature on the subject is extensive, little systematic research has been devoted to analysing the causes of illegal logging. Here, this knowledge gap is addressed with a cross-national assessment of factors hypothesized to impact illegal logging. The logistic regression analysis conducted in this study corroborates some widely held beliefs, but also provides some new insights on the factors that are important for whether illegal logging is likely to be a problem. It is shown that, besides physical-geographic characteristics, a number of factors relating to the level and speed of a country’s economic-institutional development are associated with illegal logging. These include gross domestic product per capita, economic growth, voice and accountability, rule of law and control of corruption. The findings also have implications for existing policies to tackle illegal logging activities.
Evaluating the effect of compressing algorithms for trajectory similarity and classification problems
Authors: Makris Antonios , Silva Camila Leite da , Bogorny Vania , Alvares Luis Otavio , Macedo Jose Antonio , Tserpes Konstantinos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the last few years the volumes of the data that synthesize trajectories have expanded to unparalleled quantities. This growth is challenging traditional trajectory analysis approaches and solutions are sought in other domains. In this work, we focus on data compression techniques with the intention to minimize the size of trajectory data, while, at the same time, minimizing the impact on the trajectory analysis methods. To this extent, we evaluate five lossy compression algorithms: Douglas-Peucker (DP), Time Ratio (TR), Speed Based (SP), Time Ratio Speed Based (TR_SP) and Speed Based Time Ratio (SP_TR). The comparison is performed using four distinct real world datasets against six different dynamically assigned thresholds. The effectiveness of the compression is evaluated using classification techniques and similarity measures. The results showed that there is a trade-off between the compression rate and the achieved quality. The is no “best algorithm” for every case and the choice of the proper compression algorithm is an application-dependent process.
Synthesis of a PVA drug delivery system for controlled release of a Tramadol–Dexketoprofen combination
Authors: Flores-Arriaga Juan Carlos , Chavarría-Bolaños Daniel , Pozos-Guillén Amaury de Jesús , Escobar-Barrios Vladimir Alonso , Cerda-Cristerna Bernardino Isaac 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe local administration of analgesic combinations by means of degradable polymeric drug delivery systems is an alternative for the management of postoperative pain. We formulated a Tramadol–Dexketoprofen combination (TDC) loaded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film. Films were prepared by the solvent casting method using three different molecular weights of PVA and crosslinking those films with citric acid, with the objective of controlling the drug release rate, which was evaluated by UV–vis spectrometry. Non-crosslinked PVA films were also evaluated in the experiments. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of samples corroborated the crosslinking of PVA by the citric acid. Blank and loaded PVA films were tested in vitro for its impact on blood coagulation prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The swelling capacity was also evaluated. Crosslinked PVA films of higher-molecular weight showed a prolonged release rate compared with that of the lower-molecular-weight films tested. Non-crosslinked PVA films released 11–14% of TDC. Crosslinked PVA films released 80% of the TDC loaded (p < 0.05). This suggests that crosslinking films can modify the drug release rate. The blank and loaded PVA films induced PT and PTT in the normal range. The results showed that the polymeric films evaluated here have the appropriate properties to allow films to be placed directly on surgical wounds and have the capacity for controlled drug release to promote local analgesia for the control of postoperative pain.
Identification of coexisting dynamics in boundary layer flows through proper orthogonal decomposition with weighting matrices
Authors: Dellacasagrande Matteo , Barsi Dario , Bagnerini Patrizia , Lengani Davide , Simoni Daniele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA different version of the classic proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) procedure introducing spatial and temporal weighting matrices is proposed. Furthermore, a newly defined non-Euclidean (NE) inner product that retain similarities with the POD is introduced in the paper. The aim is to emphasize fluctuation events localized in spatio-temporal regions with low kinetic energy magnitude, which are not highlighted by the classic POD. The different variants proposed in this work are applied to numerical and experimental data, highlighting analogies and differences with respect to the classic and other normalized variants of POD available in the literature. The numerical test case provides a noise-free environment of the strongly organized vortex shedding behind a cylinder. Conversely, experimental data describing transitional boundary layers are used to test the capability of the procedures in strongly not uniform flows. By-pass and separated flow transition processes developing with high free-stream disturbances have been considered. In both cases streaky structures are expected to interact with other vortical structures (i.e. free-stream vortices in the by-pass case and Kelvin–Helmholtz rolls in the separated type) that carry a significant different amount of energy. Modes obtained by the non-Euclidean POD (NE-POD) procedure (where weighted projections are considered) are shown to better extract low energy events sparse in time and space with respect to modes extracted by other variants. Moreover, NE-POD modes are further decomposed as a combination of Fourier transforms of the related temporal coefficients and the normalized data ensemble to isolate the frequency content of each mode.
A method to reconstruct flood scenarios using field interviews and hydrodynamic modelling: application to the 2017 Suleja and Tafa, Nigeria flood
Authors: Malgwi Mark Bawa , Ramirez Jorge Alberto , Zischg Andreas , Zimmermann Markus , Schürmann Stefan , Keiler Margreth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe scarcity of model input and calibration data has limited efforts in reconstructing scenarios of past floods in many regions globally. Recently, the number of studies that use distributed post-flood observation data collected throughout flood-affected communities (e.g. face-to-face interviews) are increasing. However, a systematic method that applies such data for hydrodynamic modelling of past floods in locations without hydrological data is lacking. In this study, we developed a method for reconstructing plausible scenarios of past flood events in data-scarce regions by applying flood observation data collected through field interviews to a hydrodynamic model (CAESAR-Lisflood). We tested the method using 300 spatially distributed flood depths and duration data collected using questionnaires on five river reaches after the 2017 flood event in Suleja and Tafa region, Nigeria. A stepwise process that aims to minimize the error between modelled and observed flood depth and duration at the locations of interviewed households was implemented. Results from the reconstructed flood depth scenario produced an error of ± 0.61 m for all observed and modelled locations and lie in the range of error produced by studies using comparable hydrodynamic models. The study demonstrates the potential of utilizing interview data for hydrodynamic modelling applications in data-scarce regions to support regional flood risk assessment. Furthermore, the method can provide flow depths and durations at houses without observations, which is useful input data for physical vulnerability assessment to complement disaster risk reduction efforts.
Does litigation change managers’ beliefs about the value of voluntarily disclosing bad news?
Authors: Billings Mary Brooke , Cedergren Matthew C. , Dube Svenja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch suggests that earnings-disclosure-related litigation causes managers to reduce subsequent disclosure, perhaps stemming from a belief that even their good faith disclosures will cause them trouble. This paper considers unexplored dimensions of disclosure and alternative channels of disclosure to provide additional evidence that speaks to how litigation shapes managers’ disclosure strategies. Consistent with Skinner (1994)’s classic legal liability hypothesis, we find that, while managers reduce and delay forecasts of positive earnings news following litigation, they increase the frequency and timeliness of their bad news forecasts. Moreover, many managers who were nonguiders prior to facing legal scrutiny begin guiding following litigation. Managers also maintain (if not increase) the information they provide via press releases and during conference calls following litigation. Supporting the notion that managers use disclosure to walk down expectations, additional analyses document an increase in the likelihood that lawsuit firms report earnings that beat consensus forecasts in the post-lawsuit period. Collectively, our evidence suggests that following litigation managers continue to view disclosure as a valuable tool that shapes their firms’ information environments and reduces expected legal costs. In so doing, it supports an important alternative viewpoint of how firms respond to litigation as well as the effectiveness of litigation as a disciplining mechanism.
GLE # 67 Event on 2 November 2003: An Analysis of the Spectral and Anisotropy Characteristics Using Verified Yield Function and Detrended Neutron Monitor Data
Authors: Mishev Alexander L. , Koldobskiy Sergey A. , Kocharov Leon G. , Usoskin Ilya G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring Solar Cycle 23 16 ground-level enhancement events were registered by the global neutron monitor network. In this work we focus on the period with increased solar activity during late October – early November 2003 producing a sequence of three events, specifically on ground-level enhancement GLE 67 on 2 November 2003. On the basis of an analysis of neutron monitor and space-borne data we derived the spectra and pitch-angle distribution of high-energy solar particles with their dynamical evolution throughout the event. According to our analysis, the best fit of the spectral and angular properties of solar particles was obtained by a modified power-law rigidity spectrum and a double Gaussian, respectively. The derived angular distribution is consistent with the observations where an early count rate increase at Oulu neutron monitor with asymptotic viewing direction in the anti-Sun direction was registered. The quality of the fit and model constraints were assessed by a forward modeling. The event integrated particle fluence was derived using two different methods. The derived results are briefly discussed.
Unternehmenskonzentrationen in der Fleischbranche und die performative Rolle der Agrarökonomik – das Beispiel Sektorplanungen im Schlachthofbereich
Authors: Hirte Katrin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der deutschen Fleischbranche wurde nur sechs Wochen nach Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie deutlich, welch problematische und konzentrierte Strukturen hier bestehen – angezeigt durch die Schlachthöfe des Unternehmers Tönnies, die sich zu Corona-Hotspots entwickelten. Für Konzentrations- und Intensivierungsdynamiken solcher Strukturen werden üblicherweise sowohl ökonomische (wettbewerbliche Konzentrationstendenzen durch Größenvorteile) als auch wirtschaftspolitische (Arbeitsmarktpolitik, umweltpolitische Vorgaben usw.) Gründe angegeben. Kaum thematisiert wird dabei jedoch die aktive Rolle wissenschaftlicher Expertise im Prozess der fortschreitenden Intensivierung der Tierproduktion und hier insbesondere im Bereich Schlachtung und Verarbeitung. Dies steht in Diskrepanz zu der Tatsache, dass in Deutschland ab den 1970er-Jahren von Agrarökonomen Strukturpläne erstellt wurden, die dann als Sektorpläne politisch umgesetzt worden sind, wodurch die Strukturkonzentrationen maßgeblich forciert wurden.Daher soll im nachstehenden Beitrag diese performative Rolle der deutschen Agrarökonomik im Prozess der bewusst herbeigeführten Konzentrationen im Bereich der Schlachthofstrukturen thematisiert und aus soziologischer Perspektive hinterfragt werden. Dazu wird in einem ersten Schritt die Fleischbranche als Forschungsgebiet skizziert und aus wissenschaftssoziologischer Sicht auf Entwicklungen eingegangen, entlang derer die derzeitige Forschungsstruktur erklärbar wird. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die Planungsvorgänge und ihre Folgen thematisiert und hier insbesondere am Beispiel des sogenannten Böckenhoff-Planes, auf dessen Grundlage nach 1989 die Schlachthöfe in den Neuen Bundesländern stark dezimiert wurden. In einem dritten Schritt wird abschließend die aktive performative Rolle der Agrarökonomik vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Problemlage reflektiert. Dazu wird mit einem strukturationstheoretischen Zugang auf die Differenz zwischen marktfokussierter ökonomischer Sphäre und den Bewirtschaftungsvorgängen und ihren Folgen insgesamt insistiert. Hier zeigen sich auch die Grenzen der derzeit geltenden Ökonomik, da weder die eigene performative Rolle bei der Ausgestaltung der ökonomischen Sphäre nach marktwirtschaftlichen Vorstellungen noch die Folgewirkungen dieses Herangehens problematisiert werden.