bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing the imperial back in: Reconsidering governance in the late Ottoman Empire, 1839–1923 (Part I)
Authors: Kuehn Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis is the first of two connected articles that survey recent trends in the historical scholarship of Ottoman imperial governance from the beginning of the Tanzimat state building efforts in the 1830s to the end of empire in the early 1920s. In both articles, I examine how historians have answered the question of what was imperial about the ways in which the Ottoman Empire was governed during this period. Throughout this two‐part series I argue that an approach that pays attention to the capacity to govern, as Jane Burbank and Frederick Cooper put it, “different people differently” through a broad repertoire of rule, balancing this politics of difference with the politics of incorporation, is more conducive to bringing out the complexities of late Ottoman governance than teleological assumptions that consider the empire during this period on a linear path toward the nation state. Part I begins with a brief discussion of different ways in which historians have conceptualized imperial governance in the Ottoman context. I will then demonstrate that scholarship on the empire's peripheries in Transjordan, Mount Lebanon, Yemen, and Albania was instrumental in reframing the study of late Ottoman governance by taking its imperial dimensions seriously.
Merkel cell carcinoma: treatment and outcomes over a 10‐year period at a high‐volume academic center
Authors: Nguyen My‐Lien , Mohammad‐Zadeh Ana , Krempl Greg , Razaq Mohammad , Collins Lindsey , Zahoor Talal , Zhao Daniel , Henson Christina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy which lacks high‐level evidence‐based treatment guidelines.MethodsTo determine outcomes of MCC patients and assess the role of radiation in treatment, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients treated for MCC between 2006 and 2016 at a single high‐volume academic medical center. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) for the entire population and for those populations receiving specific therapies.ResultsForty‐two patients were evaluable. OS for all patients was not reached since most remain alive at time of analysis. OS for the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I was not reached. OS for stages II, III, and IV was 37.3 months (6.8, ‐), 49.5 months (14.2, 49.5), and 14.5 months (10.8, ‐), respectively. OS could not be reached in the high radiotherapy (RT) dose group (biologically equivalent dose [BED] ≥ 60) and was 49.5 months (10.8, ‐) in the low‐dose group (BED < 60). For surgical margin status, OS was 14.9158 months (6.8008, ‐) for positive margins and 37.3 months (10.8, ‐) for negative margins.ConclusionsNo conclusive findings for OS were identified; however, trends for improved OS were associated with lower AJCC staging, negative surgical margins, and high RT doses.
Neutrophils in pregnancy: New insights into innate and adaptive immune regulation
Authors: Bert Serena , Ward Eleanor J. , Nadkarni Suchita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe immunology of pregnancy has been the focus of many studies to better understand how the mother is able to tolerate the presence of a semi‐allogeneic fetus. Far from the initial view of pregnancy as a state of immunosuppression, successful fetal development from implantation to birth is now known to be under the control of an intricate balance of immune cells. The balance between pro‐inflammatory functions used to promote embryo implantation and placental development and immunosuppressive activity to maintain maternal tolerance of the fetus is an immunological phenotype unique to pregnancy, which is dependent on the time of gestation. Neutrophils are one of a host of innate immune cells detected at the maternal–fetal interface, but very little is known of their function. In this review, we explore the emerging functions of neutrophils during pregnancy and their interactions with and regulation of T cells, a key adaptive immune cell population essential for the establishment of fetal–maternal tolerance.
Assessing behavior in children aged 12–24 months using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Authors: Patel Jinal , Smith Ria , O’Farrelly Christine , Iles Jane , Rosan Camilla , Ryan Rachael , Ramchandani Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBehavioral and emotional problems in infants and toddlers are common, often persist and put children at risk of later mental health problems. Reliable, efficient, and sensitive tools are needed to identify young children who may benefit from further assessment and support. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), offers a brief, convenient means of screening for early problems, however, it lacks psychometric validation in infants. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the SDQ in children aged 12–24 months. Ninety‐three participants, with children aged 12–24 months, completed the SDQ and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) online. Concurrent validity of the SDQ was assessed through comparison with the CBCL. The results demonstrated that key subscales of the SDQ and CBCL were significantly correlated (r range= −.19 to –.57). Key SDQ subscales showed moderate reliability (Cronbach's alpha range = .38–.79, mean inter‐item correlation range = .06–.43). The SDQ shows promising reliability and validity as a measure for rating the behavior of 12–24‐months‐old children, particularly for externalizing symptoms. Further research is needed to assess its predictive utility.
Prioritizing of volatility models: a computational analysis using data envelopment analysis
Authors: Petridis Konstantinos , Petridis Nikolaos E. , Emrouznejad Ali , Ben Abdelaziz Fouad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEconomic crisis and uncertainty in global status quo affect stock markets around the world. This fact imposes improvement in the development of volatility models. However, the comparison among volatility models cannot be made based on a single‐error measure as a model can perform better in one‐error measure and worst in another. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage approach for prioritizing volatility models, where in the first stage we develop a novel slack‐based data envelopment analysis to rank volatility models. The robustness of the proposed approach has also been investigated using cluster analysis. In the second‐stage analysis, it is investigated whether the efficiency scores depend on model characteristics. These attributes concern the time needed in order to estimate the model, the value of Akaike Information Criterion, the number of models' significant parameters, groups and bias terms, and the error sum of squares (ESS). Further, dummy variables have been introduced to the regression model in order to find whether the employed model includes an in‐mean effect, whether the assumed distribution is skewed, and whether the employed model belongs to the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) family. The main findings of this research show that the number of models' statistically significant coefficients, ESS, and in‐mean effects tend to increase the efficiency scores, while time elapsed, the number of statistically significant bias terms, and skewed error distributions tend to decrease the efficiency score.
Primary healthcare nurses’ involvement in patient and community participation in the context of chronic diseases: An integrative review
Authors: Heumann Marcus , Röhnsch Gundula , Hämel Kerstin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary healthcare nurses’ potential to enable patient and community participation has been increasingly acknowledged. A conceptual understanding of their contributions within a broad range of participation processes is still lacking.AimsThe aims of this study were to develop a conceptual framework that provides information on the role of primary healthcare nurses in shaping participation processes with patients and communities in the context of chronic diseases and to identify conditions that enable or hinder the promotion of patient and community participation by nurses.DesignAn integrative review was conducted.Data sourcesTwenty‐three articles published from 2000 to 2019 were included in the analysis: 19 retrieved from PubMed and CHINAL and 4 added through other sources.Review methodsAn inductive data analysis and quality appraisal of studies were conducted.ResultsThe analysis reveals four areas where nurses are involved in facilitating patient and community participation: (1) sharing understanding of health problems and needs, (2) developing resources and facilitating patient education for self‐management, (3) raising patients’ voices as an advocate in service development and (4) supporting individual and community networks. The conditions affecting nurses’ engagement in fostering participation processes are as follows: (1) care priorities and overall workload, (2) nurses’ attitudes towards participation and (3) users’ acceptance of nurses as partners.ConclusionsFuture research can use the framework as a basis for empirical studies investigating nurses’ involvement in pursuing patient and community participation. Interventions should focus less on indirect forms of participation, like patient education or advocacy, but should also focus on active forms of participation. Research is needed on nurses’ involvement in community participation processes.ImpactThis framework can be used and adapted in future research on patient and community participation in primary healthcare. It describes areas of participation and the facilitators and barriers within the broad range of activities of primary healthcare nurses.
A scoping review protocol: Mapping the range of policy‐related evidence influencing maternal health outcomes in a fragile, low‐income country
Authors: Hamilton E. Adela A. , Dornan Lesley , Sinclair Marlene , McCoy Jackie , Hanna‐Trainor Lisa , Kernohan W. George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this scoping review is to map the range of policy‐related evidence influencing maternal health outcomes and determine the cultural and contextual factors influencing maternal health in Myanmar, a low‐income, fragile setting.DesignEligible studies identified will include maternal health‐related policies, policy documents and research. All types of health‐related policies aimed at targeting population health and well‐being influencing maternal mortality and morbidity will be considered.MethodsThis scoping review has been developed using the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. The database search will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and the grey literature. Documents published in English and Burmese in the past 10 years will be included. Numerical data will be extracted and summarized in diagrammatic form, and a descriptive format will be used to present narrative accounts. Funding approval was granted by the Economic and Social Research Council in January 2020. This protocol was registered with OSF registries (Open‐ended Registration) on 30 March 2021.DiscussionLittle is known about which strategies work best as there is less evidence related to health policy and contextual factors in which maternal health care is delivered in fragile, low‐income settings. Understanding the context of maternal health is key to the planning and implementation of effective maternal health services designed to address women's needs.ImpactThis review will map the range of policy‐related evidence influencing maternal health outcomes in Myanmar and will underpin future large‐scale research in other low‐income and fragile settings. The results of this scoping review will provide recommendations for developing and improving practice and education for nurses and midwives working in resource‐restricted contexts.
Current practice in transvenous lead extraction in Latin America: Latin American Heart Rhythm Association survey
Authors: Diaz Juan C. , Romero Jorge , Costa Roberto , Cuesta Alejandro , Biase Luigi D. , Alviz Isabella , Velasco Alejandro , Gabr Mohamed , Duque Mauricio , Marin Jorge E. , Aristizabal Julian , Velasquez Jorge , Niño Cesar D. , Mazzetti Hector 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous lead extraction (TLE) is standard of care for the management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic device infection or lead‐related complications. Currently, objective data on TLE in Latin America is lacking.ObjectiveTo describe the current practice standards in Latin American centers performing TLE.MethodsAn online survey was sent through the mailing list of the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society. Online reminders were sent through the mailing list; duplicate answers were discarded. The survey was available for 1 month, after which no more answers were accepted.ResultsA total of 48 answers were received, from 44 different institutions (39.6% from Colombia, 27.1% from Brazil), with most respondents (82%) being electrophysiologists. Twenty‐nine institutions (66%) performed <10 lead extractions/year, with 7 (16%) institutions not performing lead extraction. Although most institutions in which lead extraction is performed reported using several tools, mechanical rotating sheaths were cited as the main tool (66%) and only 13% reported the use of laser sheaths. Management of infected leads was performed according to current guidelines.ConclusionThis survey is the first attempt to provide information on TLE procedures in Latin America and could provide useful information for future prospective registries. According to our results, the number of centers performing high volume lead extraction in Latin America is smaller than that reported in other continents, with most interventions performed using mechanical tools. Future prospective registries assessing acute and long‐term success are needed.
Surgical clip closure of the left atrial appendage
Authors: Rosati Fabrizio , de Maat Gijs E. , Valente Mattia A. E. , Mariani Massimo A. , Benussi Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common atrial arrhythmia, but it is not a benign disease. AF is an important risk factor for thromboembolic events, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The left atrial appendage (LAA) plays an important role in thrombus formation, but the ideal management of the LAA remains a topic of debate. The increasing popularity of surgical epicardial ablation and hybrid endoepicardial ablation approaches, especially in patients with a more advanced diseased substrate, has increased interest in epicardial LAA management. Minimally invasive treatment options for the LAA offer a unique opportunity to close the LAA with a clip device. This review highlights morphologic, electrophysiologic, and surgical aspects of the LAA with regard to AF surgery, and aims to illustrate the importance of surgical clip closure of the LAA.
Microvesicles carrying LRP5 induce macrophage polarization to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Luquero Aureli , Vilahur Gemma , Crespo Javier , Badimon Lina , Borrell‐Pages Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrovesicles (MV) contribute to cell‐to‐cell communication through their transported proteins and nucleic acids. MV, released into the extracellular space, exert paracrine regulation by modulating cellular responses after interaction with near and far target cells. MV are released at high concentrations by activated inflammatory cells. Different subtypes of human macrophages have been characterized based on surface epitopes being CD16+ macrophages associated with anti‐inflammatory phenotypes. We have previously shown that low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5), a member of the LDLR family that participates in lipid homeostasis, is expressed in macrophage CD16+ with repair and survival functions. The goal of our study was to characterize the cargo and tentative function of macrophage‐derived MV, whether LRP5 is delivered into MV and whether these MV are able to induce inflammatory cell differentiation to a specific CD16− or CD16+ phenotype. We show, for the first time, that lipid‐loaded macrophages release MV containing LRP5. LDL loading induces increased expression of macrophage pro‐inflammatory markers and increased release of MV containing pro‐inflammatory markers. Conditioning of fresh macrophages with MV released by Lrp5‐silenced macrophages induced the transcription of inflammatory genes and reduced the transcription of anti‐inflammatory genes. Thus, MV containing LRP5 induce anti‐inflammatory phenotypes in macrophages.
Association of leukocyte counts in the first trimester with glucose intolerance during pregnancy
Authors: Wang Leishen , Li Weiqin , Zhang Shuang , Liu Huikun , Li Wei , Hu Tongxin , Leng Junhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated the association between leukocyte counts and glucose challenge test (GCT) level during pregnancy.Materials and MethodsWe collected prenatal information of women who had their first clinic visit in early pregnancy. Women underwent GCT at 24–28 gestational weeks, and a result of ≥7.8 mmol/L was considered positive. Participants were divided into quartiles of leukocyte counts, and association with GCT results and positive rate were analyzed by logistic regression.ResultsAmong 20,707 pregnant women, the median of leukocyte counts was higher in the positive group than the normal group (8.5 × 109/L vs 8.2 × 109/L, P < 0.01). There was a linear trend in GCT results and positive rate with increasing leukocyte quartiles. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest leukocyte quartile (>9.70 × 109/L) was significantly associated with positive GCT results (adjusted odds ratio 1.378, 95% confidence interval 1.246–1.524), and the linear relationship between increased risk of positive result and increasing leukocyte quartiles persisted (P for linear trend <0.01). In multivariable analysis, the risk of a positive result increased by 2.2% with each 1‐unit increase in leukocyte counts (adjusted odds ratio 1.022, 95% confidence interval 1.011–1.033).ConclusionsElevated leukocyte counts in early pregnancy were independently and linearly associated with the risk of positive GCT levels, indicating that inflammation might play an important role in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Recognizing the enemy: do predator cues influence hatching in Neotropical annual killifish?
Authors: Godoy Robson S. , Weber Vinicius , Lanés Luis Esteban Krause , Reichard Martin , Gemelli Tanise , Hohendorff Raquel Von , Maltchik Leonardo 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAnnual fish species have evolved complex adaptations to survive in temporary wetlands. The main adaptation of these fish is the ability to produce embryos that survive dry periods. Embryo development of this fish can show variation at multiple levels influenced by many environmental factors, such as photoperiod and temperature. Predator cues are another factor that can influence the embryonic stage. One way in which annual fish could adapt to predators is by using risk‐spreading strategies (through bet‐hedging). Nonetheless, this strategy depends on the coevolutionary history between predators and preys and on the degree of environmental unpredictability, resulting in different responses across different species. This study investigated the influence of predator cues on the embryonic development and hatching of two Austrolebias species that inhabit ponds that present differences in hydroperiod and the risk of predator presence. The results confirmed a differentiated response between the two annual fish species tested, corroborating the modulation of hatching against the risk of predation by native predatory fish. The authors further showed that development times varied between the two annual fish species, regardless of the presence of predators. They highlight that the variation in embryonic development is strongly affected by different levels of hydroperiod unpredictability faced by the two species. To unravel finer‐scale local adaptations in the annual fish embryo development, future studies should focus on a region with greater spatial gradient.
Unsecured and Secured Funding
Authors: DI FILIPPO MARIO , RANALDO ANGELO , WRAMPELMEYER JAN 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study how individual banks borrow and lend in the euro unsecured and secured interbank market. We find that banks with lower credit worthiness replace unsecured with secured borrowing, which is consistent with a reduction in the supply of unsecured loans rather than a lower demand for funding. Riskier lenders replace unsecured with secured lending, suggesting that banks take precautionary measures and prefer to lend against safe collateral. Our results highlight the importance of a joint analysis of unsecured and secured funding. Separate analyses only give a partial view and might yield misleading conclusions when banks access both funding sources.
Family Empowerment (FAME): A feasibility trial of preventive multifamily groups for asylum seeker families in the Netherlands
Authors: van Es Carlijn M. , Boelen Paul A. , Zwaanswijk Marieke , te Brake Hans , Mooren Trudy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the feasibility of Family Empowerment (FAME), a preventive multifamily program for asylum seeker families in the Netherlands. FAME aims to reinforce the parent–child relationship, family functioning, and social support. We used an uncontrolled pre‐test–post‐test design, embedded in a mixed‐methods approach. FAME was offered to 46 asylum seeker families, mostly originating from Eritrea, Armenia, or Syria. Twenty‐seven parents gave consent to participate in this study. Program integrity and evaluations of participating parents and trainers were assessed. Family functioning and parental symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured pre‐ and post‐FAME. Six participants completed all assessments. Most participants valued gathering with multiple families. Although FAME might coincide with decreases in anxiety and depression, the program had a limited impact on family functioning. Possibly, the aims of FAME did not align with some families’ current needs. Lessons learned and recommendations to further improve interventions for refugee families are discussed.