bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Butyric acid alleviated chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lipid formation and inflammation through up-regulating HuR expression and inactivating AMPK pathways
Authors: Su MiaoShang , He Yifan , Xue Sichen , Yu Jueke , Ren Xikai , Huang Nan , Abdullahi Rukkaiya , Xu Manhuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To investigate whether butyric acid could alleviate chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced lipid formation in human preadipocytes-subcutaneous (HPA-s) through accumulation of human antigen R (HuR) and inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, HPA-s were obtained and divided into three groups: Control group: cells were cultured under normal conditions; CIH group: cells were cultured in a three-gas incubator (10% O2); Butyric acid group: 10 mmol/l butyric acid added into cell culture medium. HuR-siRNA was futher transfected into CIH group for verification the function of HuR. Oil Red O was implemented for observation of lipid droplets within cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used for detecting cell viability. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay as well as flow cytometry analysis was employed for determining cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used for measurement of protein expression levels. RT-qPCR analysis was used for detecting mRNA expression. CIH treatment increased adipocytes proliferation, while butyric acid inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. The treatment of butyric acid in CIH group down-regulated expression of inflammatory factors and increased cell apoptotic rate. Butyric acid treatment increased HuR expression in both cytoplasm and nucleus and decreased the level of p-AMPK and p-ACC, while transfection of AMPK activator or HuR-siRNA would down-regulate HuR expression. Moreover, butyric acid alleviated CIH-induced cell proliferation, lipid formation and inflammatory status and promoted cell apoptosis through regulating related genes including p21, PPARγ, C/EBPa, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4, caspase-8 and caspase-3. In conclusion, butyric acid could alleviate CIH-induced inflammation, cell proliferation and lipid formation through accumulation of HuR and inactivation of AMPK pathway.
Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Holz-Müller Jana , Dauth Stephanie , Behrens Frank , Köhm Michaela 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Begriff Spondyloarthritis umfasst mehrere Krankheitsbilder, die sich in der Pathophysiologie und im klinischen Erscheinungsbild ähneln. Zu der Gruppe der Spondyloarthritiden werden die axiale Spondyloarthritis, die Psoriasisarthritis, die reaktive Arthritis, die chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung (CED)-assoziierte Spondyloarthritis und die undifferenzierte Spondyloarthritis gezählt. Die Auswahl von geeigneten Therapiestrategien mit hoher klinischer Effektstärke basiert stärker auf der Charakterisierung des klinischen Phänotyps und des Manifestationstyps als auf der indikationsbasierten Zuordnung. Durch die Heterogenität der Erkrankung und durch das Fehlen kontrollierter klinischer Studien, die als Endpunkt die Effektivität auf verschiedene Manifestationsformen vorsieht, ist die Evidenzlage für verschiedene Therapieprinzipien bezogen auf das Manifestationslevel niedrig. Dies beschränkt den In-Label-Einsatz verschiedener Wirkprinzipien. Hier besteht ein hoher Bedarf für die Potenzierung von Evidenz, damit effektive Therapien individualisiert im Patientenkollektiv eingesetzt werden können.
On- und Off-Label-Therapien von Vaskulitiden
Authors: Thiel Jens 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGUnter dem Begriff Vaskulitiden wird eine heterogene Gruppe entzündlicher Gefäßerkrankungen zusammengefasst. Während die Riesenzellarteriitis eine vergleichsweise häufige Erkrankung ist, kommen andere Vaskulitiden sehr selten vor. Allen Vaskulitiden gemein ist jedoch, dass sich die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten in den vergangenen Jahren erheblich verbessert haben. Bei der Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) wurde die Effektivität von Tocilizumab in einer großen randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie nachgewiesen, die zur Zulassung der Substanz geführt hat und die Glukokortikoid-sparende Therapie der RZA erlaubt. Weitere biologische und zielgerichtete synthethische Immunsuppressiva werden derzeit hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit bei RZA evaluiert. Im Bereich der Kleingefäßvaskulitiden hat insbesondere die B-Zell-depletierende Therapie mit Rituximab bisher gängige Behandlungsalgorithmen erheblich verändert. Während Rituximab für Induktions- und Erhaltungstherapie von Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA) und mikroskopischer Polyangiitis (MPA) zugelassen ist, liegt für die eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA) und für die Therapie der HCV-assoziierten kryoglobulinämischen Vaskulitis (HCV-MC) keine Zulassung vor. Auch direkte antivirale Substanzen führen häufig zu einem Ansprechen der HCV-assoziierten, kryoglobulinämischen Vaskulitis. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die gegenwärtig innerhalb und außerhalb der Zulassung verwendeten Therapien verschiedener Vaskulitiden dar.
Systemischer Lupus erythematodes und primäres Sjögren-Syndrom
Authors: Mucke Johanna , Korsten Peter 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Therapie des systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) und des primären Sjögren-Syndroms (pSS) stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Dies liegt nicht nur an der Heterogenität der Ausprägung beider Erkrankungen, sondern auch an den wenigen erprobten und zugelassenen Therapiemöglichkeiten. Für die Behandlung des SLE zugelassen sind Hydroxychloroquin, Azathioprin, Belimumab und, zur Therapie der schweren Lupus-Nephritis, Cyclophosphamid; durch den gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss wurde zudem Mycophenolat-Mofetil zur Behandlung der Lupus-Nephritis genehmigt, während das bewährte Medikament Methotrexat zwar nicht zugelassen ist, jedoch standardmäßig verwendet wird. Für das pSS gibt es wenige zugelassene Optionen zur Therapie der glandulären Beteiligung. Die Behandlung extraglandulärer, systemischer Manifestationen richtet sich nach dem Organbefall. Hierfür existieren keine zugelassenen Therapieoptionen und wir bewegen uns stets im Off-Label-Bereich. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die möglichen Therapieoptionen des SLE und pSS zu erläutern und ihren Stellenwert in der Behandlung einzelner Manifestationen darzulegen. Zudem wollen wir dem behandelnden Rheumatologen Hinweise geben, wann ein Off-Label-Use für beide Erkrankungen sinnvoll sein kann.
Darmmikrobiota und Leber
Authors: Rüffer Andreas , Back Julia , Eckert Michaela , Ermisch Maria , Gollsch Annemarie , Jung Clarissa , Kleinhenz Anna , Krause Diana , Niebling Martina , Schwarzkopf Andreas , Teibert Adrienn 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDie Darmmikrobiota ist unter anderem mit ihren immunregulatorischen, antiinflammatorischen und energieliefernden Effekten an Stoffwechselprozessen der Darm-Leber-Achse beteiligt. Störungen der Darmmikrobiota können Erkrankungen (mit)verursachen, welche die Leber direkt betreffen (z. B. Fettleber) oder das Organ belasten (z. B. Gallensäure-Verlustsyndrom). Störungen der Leberfunktion können über eine Einschränkung der Fettverdauung und -resorption die Darmmikrobiota beeinflussen und in diversen Darmbeschwerden resultieren.
Die Behandlung eines Patienten mit ausgeprägtem Zytokinsturm bei schwerer COVID-19-Pneumonie unter Einsatz von Hämoadsorption in Kombination mit der Gabe von Tocilizumab
Authors: Kornitzky F. W. , Langen H.-J. , Held M. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie intensivmedizinische Behandlung von Patienten mit schwerer COVID-19-Pneumonie stellt, trotz zunehmender Erfahrungen aufgrund zunehmender Patientenzahlen, im Einzelfall weiterhin eine spezielle Herausforderung dar, welche auch einen individuellen Therapieversuch legitimiert. Eine besondere Situation stellt das sog. Hyperinflammationssyndrom dar, in dessen Rahmen es zu einem Zytokinsturm mit z. T. massivem Anstieg inflammatorischer Marker wie z. B. Interleukin-6 kommt. Die vorliegende Kasuistik beschreibt den Therapieansatz bei einem 58-jährigen, männlichen Patienten mit schwerer COVID-19-Pneumonie durch den Einsatz des IL-6-spezifischen Antikörpers Tocilizumab in Kombination mit dem Hämoadsorptionsverfahren CytoSorb. In diesem Fall war es am 6. Beatmungstag zu einer massiven klinischen Verschlechterung mit Horovitz-Indices von bis zu 127 mmHg gekommen. Nach parallelem Einsatz der genannten Therapieansätze kam es zu einer raschen klinischen Stabilisierung des Patienten mit deutlich ansteigenden Horovitz-Indices und der Möglichkeit der Deeskalation des Beatmungsregimes, welche letztlich eine erfolgreiche Extubation nach bereits 13 Beatmungstagen ermöglichte. Darüber hinaus war die kombinierte Behandlung mit einer deutlichen hämodynamischen Stabilisierung bei konsekutiver Reduktion der Vasopressor-Dosierungen assoziiert, während die Hyperinflammation gut kontrolliert werden konnte. Die Einbindung des Hämoadsorbers in das laufende Therapieregime stellte sich dabei als sicher und einfach dar. Zusammenfassend erschien die Kombination der CytoSorb-Therapie mit einer IL-6-Rezeptor-Blockade durch Tocilizumab in diesem Fall als effektive Maßnahme zur Modulation einer überschießenden Immunantwort bei COVID-19-Pneumonie mit begleitender klinischer Verbesserung der respiratorischen wie hämodynamischen Funktion und könnte somit als potenzielle therapeutische Option bei diesem Krankheitsbild eingesetzt werden.
The International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI): 2020 Report
Authors: Haux Reinhold , Ball Marion J. , Hersh William R. , Huesing Elaine , Kimura Michio , Koch Sabine , Martin-Sanchez Fernando , Otero Paula 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To summarize the major activities of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI) in the 2020 time period and to welcome its 2020 Class of Fellows.
Method: Report from the members of the Academy’s Board.
Results: Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, both Plenary meetings in 2020 had to be organized as virtual meetings. Scientific discussions, focusing on mobilizing computable biomedical knowledge and on data standards and interoperability formed major parts of these meetings. A statement on the use of informatics in pandemic situations was elaborated and sent to the World Health Organization. A panel on data standards and interoperability started its work. 34 Fellows were welcomed in the 2020 Class of Fellows so that the Academy now consists of 179 members.
Conclusions: There was a shift from supporting to strategic activities in the Academy’s work. After having achieved organizational stability, the Academy can now focus on its strategic work and so on its main objective.
Association of Rural and Frontier Residence with Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Delivery in Nonlevel III NICUs
Authors: Bourque Stephanie L. , Weikel Blair W. , Crispe Kristin , Hwang Sunah S. 
Published: April 2021

Objective Delivery of very preterm and very low birth weight neonates (VPT/VLBW) in a nonlevel III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) increases risk of morbidity and mortality. Study objectives included the following: (1) Determine incidence of VPT/VLBW delivery (<32 weeks gestational age and/or birth weight <1,500 g), in nonlevel III units in Colorado; (2) Evaluate the independent association between residence and nonlevel III unit delivery; (3) Determine the incidence of and factors associated with postnatal transfer.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study used 2007 to 2016 Colorado birth certificate data. Demographic and clinical characteristics by VPT/VLBW delivery in level III NICUs versus nonlevel III units were compared using Chi-square analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the independent association between residence and VPT/VLBW delivery.
Results Among patients, 897 of 10,015 (8.96%) VPT/VLBW births occurred in nonlevel III units. Compared with infants born to pregnant persons in urban counties, infants born to those residing in rural (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33, 1.88) or frontier (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI: 2.14, 4.75) counties were more likely to deliver in nonlevel III units and to experience postnatal transfer within 24 hours (rural AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.60, 3.15; frontier AOR = 3.91, 95% CI: 1.76, 8.67). Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics were more likely to deliver VPT/VLBW infants in nonlevel III units (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.61).
Conclusion A significant number of VPT/VLBW neonates were born in nonlevel III units with associated disparities by race/ethnicity and nonurban residence.
Key Points
Observations from a two-week visit to the source of the Nile tilapia farm in Uganda, on Lake Victoria.
Authors: Gatward Iain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Source of the Nile (SON) fish farm was established in 2005 with support from two main shareholders - the Lake Harvest Group and Greenfields Uganda Ltd. The aim of the farm is to eventually have production levels of 2500 Metric Tonnes (MT) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The farm currently operates a production system consisting of both ponds for fingerling production and cages for on-growing of the tilapia. Due to the lack of commercially viable fish feed in Uganda, SON has also begun to produce its own feeds on-site as required. A number of different types and sizes of feed are produced to meet the needs of the fish at SON and excess is also produced for sale to local farmers. The farm currently employs in the region of 35 people, who are directly responsible for day-to-day running of production. Some fish produced are sold as fingerlings to other farmers in Uganda, who are responsible for collection and transport of their purchased stocks. Most fry are used for on-growing at the site and are grown to around 600 g before harvesting. Fish are sold whole and fresh to local buyers and are delivered to markets and restaurants as required to meet the specific needs of each client. The objectives of this case study are as follows:To provide an overview of operations at the SON Fish Farm based on a two-week visit in May 2009. To highlight the process of farming Nile tilapia in ponds and cages as a means of knowledge transfer for other parties interested in the industry.
Ecloserie artisanale familiale de silure africain (Clarias gariepinus Burshell, 1822) et de carpe commune (Cyprinus carpio) de la région Ouest-Cameroun.
Authors: Ewoukem Thomas Efolé 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The artisanal family hatchery of the West Integrated Aquaculture Common Initiative Group(GIC-AIO), a peasant organization led by Michel Diogni, is located in Batié, the western highlands region of Cameroon (5 ° 15'- 5 ° 20'LN and 10 ° 10'-10 ° 15'LE). It was created in 1998 with the objective of producing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fry in order to meet local and national demand. The production of table fish is carried out on a semi-intensive basis but this tends to be reduced in favor of the production of fry. In 2009, the hatchery produced 13,000 catfish fry (C. gariepinus) and 15,000 carp fry (Cyprinus carpio) but has much greater potential. These activities, although income-generating, come up against both physical and technical limits. In particular, an improvement in the nursery phase is necessary.
Contribution of fish farmers to conservation of endangered Lake Victoria Basin fish species - the case of Oreochromis variabilis and O. esculentus.
Authors: Charo-Karisa Harrison , Maithya Jacob 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This paper discussed the conservation efforts of fish farmers of two endangered fish species in Lake Victoria namely Oreochromis variabilis and O. esculentus. Highlights focused on the determination of their growth performance under culture conditions, assessing their suitability for aquaculture, recruiting farmers to culture the species and testing the suitability of new dams and ponds for aquaculture. Both species breed easily under culture conditions. Therefore production of the fingerlings and their subsequent stocking in ponds, small water bodies and other larger water masses, including Lake Victoria, was a course of action implemented by the fish farmers to bring about their restoration.
Rice-fish farming systems - the case of CARE Bangladesh Rice-Fish Programme.
Authors: Ahmed Reshad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Integrated pest management (IPM) and cultivation of fish in rice fields are two interrelated methods of increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. CARE-Bangladesh's approach to IPM is based on understanding the whole rice paddy ecosystem. By adopting rice-fish production, farmers are provided with the opportunity to use an existing resource to significantly enhance income and food; in addition, adding value to the rice field through integration of fish acts as an incentive to reduce pesticide use. The rice-fish cultivation practice in all three seasons followed improved extensive methods and allowed wild indigenous species to be reared with stocked species. Community rice-fish cultivation in particular is a promising farming approach to address certain potential limiting factors challenging rice-fish farming expansion by individual households. IPM and fish culture in rice fields and wild fish conservation in rice-fish systems are important approaches of the CARE facilitated rice-fish farming expansion process.
Intensive pond culture of Pangasius hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
Authors: Dung Nhat Lung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Silver striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus), 'ca tra' in Vietnamese, has been cultured intensively in cages in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, for at least 30 years, but pond culture of this species is traditionally semi-intensive. Recently, intensive pond culture of the species has been developed. A study of P. hypophthalmus intensive pond culture was conducted in Thotnot and Omon Districts, Cantho City. The stocking density is 10-20 fingerlings m-2. Fish are fed with both artificial and farm-made feed. After 6 months of culture, fish yields ranged from 189 to 212 t ha-1 in experimental ponds. With good water quality management, meat is white and suitable for export. Intensive pond culture of this catfish has high potential to increase aquacultural production and improve farmers' income in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Production from farmers' ponds range from 50 to 300 t ha-1 at stocking densities of 8-40 fingerlings m-2.
Fish seed quality in Bangladesh.
Authors: Shah M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Genetic and non-genetic aspects of seed quality are discussed. A system of seed production for Indian major carps and Chinese carps, which require sophisticated hatchery facilities, has been established in the country. However, there is concern about deterioration of the quality of broodstock in current hatchery management. Self-recruiting species like tilapia, common carp and silver barb can be bred in decentralized systems but the absence of a regular supply of quality broodstock may lead to poor seed quality due to poor farm management at homestead level.
Encouraging them to come to us - changing the way that information is made available to farmers.
Authors: Haylor Graham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Recommendations for changes to service provision and fisheries policy in support of poverty alleviation emerged recently in India from a process known as facilitated advocacy (see case study on Facilitated advocacy) that helped to negotiate and support a role for poor people and their service providers to contribute to changes in services and policies. Two key recommendations to emerge from farmers and fishers, which were prioritized by fisheries departments, were * to change the way that information is made available, and * to simplify procedures for accessing government schemes and bank loans. This case study identifies the origin of recommendations to change the way that information is made available, shows how different models of the concept have emerged, and follows the development of the One-stop Aqua Shops (OAS) in the eastern Indian states of Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal, which represent a new and vital tier in communications in aquaculture.
Environmental carrying capacity for sustainable shrimp farming.
Authors: Hossain Md. Zakir , Tripathi Nitin K. , Phillips Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aquaculture, particularly shrimp farming in the Kandaleru creek area, has shown spectacular growth within the last two decades. However, economic prosperity which was the driving force for shrimp farming expansion, has also had a significant negative impact on land use changes and creek water quality causing shrimp health hazards. Using a hypothesis that the discharge of shrimp farming effluents may have exceeded the carrying capacity (CC) of the creek water, the environmental CC of Kandaleru creek was assessed based on total nitrogen (TN) input. Remote sensing (RS) and image enhancement techniques integrated with geographical information systems (GIS) were applied to quantify and determine the changes in land use patterns in the creek area. GIS and a numeric model were used to compute the TN load in three different salinity zones to determine the CC status. The study revealed that exceeding the CC of the creek along with increasing shrimp farms, decreasing natural resources and changes in land use patterns.
Effectiveness of children as a transfer agent for basic aquaculture technology in rural Bangladesh.
Authors: Morrice Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A model of child-to-child extension was developed as a supplement to an adult training programme aimed at enhancing effective pond aquaculture in rural communities in Bangladesh. Adult trainers from the Department of Fisheries (DoF) felt unqualified and uneasy to teach children. As a possibly more effective alternative trainer, graduate girls (kishorees) from the Non-Formal Primary Education programme (NFPE) of the Bangladesh Rural Advisory Committee (BRAC) were recruited and trained. In total 14,690 BRAC school children received six sessions of training and took home two games, promoting key lessons, to play with family and friends. Increased fish production was highest amongst the families of trained children, with 63% of parents reporting that they had followed the information provided by their children. This had resulted in an average increase of 754 to 2,008 kg ha-1 yr-1 from an average size pond of 0.1 ha-1. Outside the trained child family groups, 10% of pond farmers claimed that they had been motivated to actively improve their pond management techniques.
Code of good management practices for shrimp aquaculture, Sri Lanka.
Authors: Siriwardena Sunil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Shrimp aquaculture, which is currently confined to the northwest and east coasts, is an important industry in the national economy. Nevertheless, further expansion into new areas is constrained due to environmental, social and management problems and repeated epidemics since 1996. Despite the existence of a well-defined regulatory framework for aquaculture, sustainability of the industry is threatened. The sustainability of the industry, however, cannot only rely on a regulatory framework. It will largely depend on observance of self-management strategies adopted by farmers, hatchery operators, processors and feed manufacturers and suppliers through a code of good management practices. The developed code based on the elaboration and expansion of the available technical guidelines and on the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and associated guidelines on aquaculture development led to the establishment of the Consortium for Shrimp Aquaculture Development and Zonal Small Farmer Associations in addition to technical guidance on siting and operation.
Artificial propagation of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idellus).
Authors: Le Quang Hung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) has become the main aquaculture species in freshwater areas in Vietnam. This study reviews grass carp biology, growth, habitat, mature age/spawning season, seed, culture, diseases, breeding trechniques, fry rearing and nursery trechniques, and hatcheries in Vietnam.