bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Vaginosis and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in Senegal
Authors: Bonneton Marion , Huynh Bich-Tram , Seck Abdoulaye , Bercion Raymond , Sarr Fatoumata Diene , Delarocque-Astagneau Elisabeth , Vray Muriel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery and spontaneous abortion. Yet little data on BV prevalence exist for sub-Saharan countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Senegal.MethodsFrom October 2013 to December 2018, pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited in two primary health centers (one suburban, one rural) in Senegal. Healthcare workers interviewed women and collected a lower vaginal swab and a blood sample. Vaginal flora were classified into four categories using vaginal smear microscopic examination and Gram’s coloration. In our study, BV was defined as vaginal flora with no Lactobacillus spp. Variables associated with BV were analyzed using STATA® through univariate and multivariate analysis.Results A total of 457 women provided a vaginal sample for analysis. Overall, BV prevalence was 18.6% (85/457) [95% CI: 15.4-22.6]) and was similar in suburban and rural areas (18.9 % versus 18.1%, p=0.843). Multivariate analysis showed that primigravidity was the only factor independently associated with a lower risk of BV (aOR=0.35 [95% CI 0.17-0.72]).Conclusions Our study showed significant BV prevalence among pregnant women in Senegal. Although the literature has underscored the potential consequences of BV for obstetric outcomes, data are scarce on BV prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. Before authorities consider systematic BV screening for pregnant women, a larger study would be useful in documenting prevalence, risk factors and the impact of BV on pregnancy outcomes.
No Evidence of False-negative P. Falciparum Rapid Diagnostic Results in Monrovia, Liberia
Authors: King Mandella , George Alexander E. , Cisteró Pau , Tarr-Attia Christine K. , Arregui Beatriz , Omeonga Senga , Chen Haily , García-Sípido Ana Meyer , Sarukhan Adelaida , Bassat Quique , Lansana Dawoh Peter , Mayor Alfredo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Malaria diagnosis relies mainly on the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The majority of commercial RDTs used in Africa detect the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). pfhrp2/3 gene deletions can therefore lead to false-negative RDT results. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of PCR-confirmed, false-negative P. falciparum RDT results in Monrovia, Liberia.Methods: We used PfHRP2-based RDT (Paracheck Pf®) and microscopy results from 1038 individuals with fever or history of fever (n=951) and pregnant women at first antenatal care (ANC) visit (n=87) enrolled in the Saint Joseph Catholic Hospital (Monrovia) from March to July 2019 to assess the frequency of false-negative RDT results. True false negatives were confirmed by detecting the presence of P. falciparum DNA by quantitative PCR in samples from individuals with discrepant RDT and microscopy resultsResults: One hundred and eighty-six (19.6%) and 200 (21.0%) of the 951 febrile participants had a P. falciparum positive result by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Positivity rate increased with age and the reporting of joint pain, chills and shivers, vomiting and weakness, and increased with the presence of coughs and nausea. The positivity rate at first ANC visit was 5.7% (n=5) and 8% (n=7) by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Out of 207 Plasmodium infections detected by microscopy, 22 (11%) were negative by RDT. qPCR confirmed absence of P. falciparum DNA in the sixteen RDT-negative but microscopy-positive samples which were available for molecular testing. Conclusion: There is no qPCR-confirmed evidence of false-negative RDT results due to pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletions in this study conducted in Monrovia (Liberia). This indicates the appropriate performance of PfHRP2-based RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria in Liberia. Nevertheless, active surveillance for the emergence of PfHRP2 deletions is required.
Environmental Implications of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in Lake Hawassa Watershed, South-central Ethiopia
Authors: Degife Arega , Worku Hailu , Gizaw Shumete 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Assessing soil erosion, sediment yield and sediment retention capacity of watersheds is one of the under researched areas in watersheds of developing countries like Lake Hawassa watershed. The study examined soil erosion, sediment yield and sediment retention and their environmental implications in Lake Hawassa watershed. The quantification and mapping was carried out using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Data such as Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), rainfall, soil, and management practice were used as input parameters.Results: The empirical analysis confirmed that the watershed has a total soil loss of about 5.27 Mt annually. The mean annual erosion rate from the watershed was estimated to be 37 t ha-1 yr-1. The estimated erosion rate was greater than the maximum tolerable erosion limit in Ethiopia (2-18 t ha-1 yr-1). The total amount of sediment which was exported to the nearby streams and lakes in the watershed was estimated to be 1.6 t ha-1 yr-1. The water bodies receive a total of 226,690.3 t of sediment annually. Although higher soil loss and sediment export per unit of area were estimated from the highest slope gradients, greater contributions to the total soil loss and sediment export were computed from slopes with 5-30% gradients. In terms of LULC, the highest contribution to the total soil loss was computed from cultivated land while the highest rate of soil loss per hectare was observed from bare land. Due to the existing vegetative cover, a total of 18.65 Mt (130.7 t ha-1 yr-1) of sediment was retained. Vegetation-covered LULCs such as forest, woodland, shrub land, and agroforestry revealed the highest sediment retention capacity. As a result of the increasing soil erosion and sediment yield in the watershed, a drying of a small lake and the rise in the water level of Lake Hawassa were identified. Conclusion: Most of the soil loss and sediment yield were contributed by small part of the watershed. Thus, the results underscore the urgent need for targeted soil and water conservation measures of various types to ensure sustainability of the watershed resources.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of TM4SF5 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Zhongbei , Feng Jun , Zhu Yulan , Xie Xiaolu , Huang Hao , Li Yuan , Lu Qicheng , Jiang Jingting , Wang Haitao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) has been found to play a vital role in the cancer process, but the relationship between TM4SF5 and colorectal cancer remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic value of TM4SF5 in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods

Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were used to identify the clinical significance and prognostic value of TM4SF5 expression in colon cancer. The expression of TM4SF5 was knocked down using the siRNA method to evaluate the role of TM4SF5 in regulating the biological behavior of colon cancer cell lines.
Results

The immunohistochemistry study revealed that the expression of TM4SF5 in human colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001). However, there was no correlation between the expression of TM4SF5 and the clinicopathological features of these patients. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of TM4SF5 was higherin colon cancer cell lines than in normal cells (P < 0.05). The survival analysis revealed that the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with a low expression of TM4SF5 was significantly higher, when compared to patients with a high expression of TM4SF5 (P = 0.048). The COX model revealed that the expression of TM4SF5 (P < 0.001) and clinical stage (P = 0.025) can be used as independent prognostic factors for patients with colon cancer. In addition, the knockdown of TM4SF5 in colon cancer cell lines LoVo, SW480, RKO and HCT-116 significantly reduced the ability of cells (such as proliferation, migration and invasion).
Conclusion

The present results indicate that the increase in TM4SF5 expression in human colon cancer is associated with cancer progression and poor survival, and that its intervention can be an important therapeutic strategy against colon cancer.
Endometrial Preparation for Frozen–Thawed Embryo Transfer With or Without Pretreatment With Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Regular Menstrual Cycles: Results of a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wei Fu , Liu Liling , Dong Mei , Tan Ying , Zhang Xiqian , Song Ge , Tan Weihong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ObjectsTo compare the treatment outcomes of FET in hormonal replacement treatment (HRT) protocol with and without long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) pretreatment in patients with regular menstrual cycles. MethodsA total of 5049 patients from three centers were recruited in this retrospective study. The study population was divided into two groups. In HRT with GnRHa group, endometrial preparation with supplement estrogen 6mg daily initiated following down-regulation of long-acting GnRH agonist. In HRT group, the same dose of estrogen administration only for two weeks. Live birth rates were the primary outcomes measured in both groups. ResultsThere were no differences in implantation rate, β-HCG positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and early miscarriage rate between the two groups. The ongoing pregnancy rate and the live birth rate were higher in HRT group compared to the agonist group (47.3% vs 42.7% and 44.7% vs 39.8%, respectively). However, the co-treatment with GnRH agonist in HRT protocol was not associated with clinical pregnancy rate (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.12) and live birth rate (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.02) after logistic regression analysis. In the first FET cycle, patients in HRT group achieved higher clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. In addition, there was no differences in clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate between the two groups in standard patients.ConclusionsThe HRT protocol for FET seems to be as effective as the HRT protocol involving preliminary pituitary suppression with GnRH agonist in regular menstrual cycles.
Impact of Exposure to Mass Media on Utilization Modern Contraceptive Among Adolescent Married Women in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016.
Authors: Yesuf Kedir Abdu , Liyew Atrsaw Dessie , Bezabih Amare Kassie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionMore than one billion of world population was adolescent age group. Adolescent are high risk of unwanted pregnancy related to pregnancy is preventable. This complication can be preventing by use of family planning method. One of the challenges to use family planning was lack of information about contraceptive.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of mass media on use of modern contraceptive among adolescent in Ethiopia, 2016 E.C.MethodsThis study conducted based on Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2016 data which was cross-sectional study design. EDHS adolescent married women sample size used was 588. The data were analyzed using propensity score matching and recursive biprobit probit model to determine impact and factor associated with mass media exposure on modern contraceptive utilization.ResultThe magnitude of modern contraceptive utilization among adolescent married women age group 15-19 years was 31.8 %. Expose to family planning message has 16.8%, 13.2%, 17% and 21.9% more likely to use modern contraceptive than unexposed to mass media message. In this study significant factor affect modern contraceptive use include exposure to mass media message family planning, residence, wealth index, exposed to TV message, radio message and magazine message.ConclusionsThis study shows magnitude of contraceptive utilization was low and it might be due to lack of information about family planning. Therefore policy maker and concerned body should consider mass media to integrate family planning program.
'PrEP'ing for a PrEP Demonstration Project: Understanding PrEP Knowledge and Attitudes Among Cisgender Women
Authors: Pasipanodya Elizabeth C. , Stockman Jamila , Phuntsog Thupten , Morris Sheldon , Psaros Christina , Landovitz Raphael , Amico Rivet , Moore David J. , Blumenthal Jill 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Prior to implementing a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration study, we sought to explore cisgender women’s experiences with HIV prevention, PrEP knowledge and attitudes, and anticipated barriers and facilitators for PrEP uptake and adherence in Southern California.Methods: Three focus groups were held with cisgender women of mixed HIV serostatus in San Diego (n=12) and Los Angeles (n=10) between November 2015 and January 2016. Women were recruited through local testing sites, community-based organizations, and social media. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Despite limited prior PrEP knowledge and no PrEP experience, participants expressed interest in taking PrEP. Anticipated benefits were freedom from worry about HIV and control over sexual health; however, these were tempered by concerns including the possibility of increased HIV risk behaviors and potential side effects. Cisgender women reported potential barriers to PrEP uptake and adherence barriers, like competing priorities and poor PrEP access. Conversely, PrEP facilitators included utilizing practical tools such as phone apps and pill boxes as well as receiving encouragement from loved ones and support from other cisgender women on PrEP, women living with HIV, and their medical providers. Conclusions: Despite limited PrEP knowledge and acknowledgement of concerns and potential barriers to taking PrEP, participants recognized the importance of PrEP and ways to facilitate adherence. Exploring perspectives of cisgender women is integral to developing effective interventions to support PrEP uptake and adherence for women at elevated risk for HIV.Trial Registration: Not applicable
Assessing Community Distribution Characteristics and Succession Stages on Mountainous Areas Hosting Coming Winter Olympics Games
Authors: Zhang Hengshuo , Zha Tonggang , Ji Xiaodong , Yu Yang , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Yin Mountains located in China within the Chongli Country will be the core area of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. It is necessary to survey the key factors limiting the vegetation communities’ development so as to guide the vegetation restoration after major events in this region.MethodsTwo-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and market basket analysis (MBA) were used to classify the vegetation communities. Plant community and relationships among environmental variables were assessed through the detrended correspondence (DCA) and canonical correspondence (CCA) analyses.ResultsSoil moisture and organic matter were found the main factors limiting the development of shrub and herb communities. The distribution of different forest communities was mainly affected by geomorphological factors. In middle and high altitude areas, apart of arbor and shrub communities generally showed the process of transformation from the pioneer community to transitional community in the competition.ConclusionWe concluded that providing the basis to understand the environmental factors that restrict the development of vegetation communities in the eastern Yin Mountains and its potential changes after human impacts, in this case, the Winter Olympic Games, could help to more efficient restoration plans.
Impact of Educational Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program on Quality of Life, Pain Management, Self-Efficiency Behaviors and Its Impact of Satisfaction Among Adults Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy Pain: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Abu-Shennar Jawad Ahmad , Bayraktar Nurhan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Peripheral neuropathy pain is common among adult diabetic patients worldwide. Lifestyle behavior modification such as proper diet and exercise, quitting smoking, weight control and regular follow up, as well as enhancement of self-efficacy among adult diabetic patients can be helpful in managing peripheral neuropathy pain and, therefore, improving their quality of life and satisfaction.Aims: This study aims to investigate educational self-efficacy enhancement program's impact on pain management, self-efficiency behaviors, quality of life and satisfaction among adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain.Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted between October and March 2020 at the Jordanian Ministry of Health settings, where 72 adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain were randomly assigned into research group (n = 36) or control group (n = 36), after obtaining ethical approval and informed consents. An educational self-efficacy enhancement program was implemented in the research group only. The instrument used for data collection consisted of Demographic Data Form, Diabetes Pain Intensity Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D) and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire.Results: Statistically significant improvements in pain levels (p = 0.020), self-efficacy score (p = 0.000), quality of life scores (p = 0.000) and best imagined health status (p = 0 .000) were found among research group participants. Furthermore, multiple-linear regression models showed that the implementation of educational self-efficacy enhancement program significantly increased the explained variance of self-efficacy scores (R2 = 0.746, p = 0.000) and quality of life scores (R2 = 0.746, p = 0.000). At the end of implementation, research group participants showed a high overall satisfaction levels (4.33 out of 5). Conclusion: The findings suggest that an educational self-efficacy enhancement program is effective in modifying adult diabetic patients’ lifestyle, enhancing self-efficacy behaviors, managing peripheral neuropathy pain, improving quality of life and satisfaction among adult diabetic patients. It is, therefore, recommended to expand the implementation of this program among adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain.
The Preoperative Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio Predicts Clinical Outcome In Resected Patients With T2-4N0-3M0 Siewert Type II/III Adenocarcinoma Of The Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: Ke Chen , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Bo , Xiong Maoming , Xu Aman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Inflammation has a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. The lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) could be a new biomarker in various tumors. Aims We analyzed the LMR with clinicopathological parameters and outcome in resected patients with T2-4N0-3M0 Siewert type II/III of advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) . Methods A total of five hundred and seventy-one patients with Siewert type II/III of AEG between Jan 2006 and Jun 2012 were included in this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate the cancer-specific survival (CSS). Univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results We set 3.64 as the cut-off level based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. The preoperative absolute lymphocyte count tended to decrease in ‘LMR≤3.64’ group, and the preoperative absolute monocyte count tended to decrease in ‘LMR＞3.64’ group. The decreased preoperative LMR was significantly associated with decreased CSS in univariate (HR:2.311, 95%CI:1.639-3.254, P=0.008) and multivariate analysis (HR:1.642, 95%CI:1.242-2.171, P=0.027 ). According to the treatment regimen(surgery alone versus surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy), no significant difference in the 5-year CSS was identified in ‘high-risk’ group (LMR≤3.64) (HR: 1.121, 95%CI: 0.733-1.725, P=0.605). Conclusions The LMR might be an independent prognostic marker for CSS in resected patients with T2-4N0-3M0 Siewert type II/III of advanced AEG. When the ‘high-risk’ patients with LMR≤3.64 were analyzed, no benefit of adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy could be found.
Degree of Coronal Alignment Correction Can’t Predict Knee Function in Total Knee&nbsp;Replacement
Authors: Zhu Shibai , Zhang Xiaotian , Chen Xi , Wang Yiou , Li Shanni , Peng Huiming , Wang Wei , Lin Jin , Jin Jin , Weng Xisheng , Qian Wenwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Whether neutral alignment brings better clinical outcomes is controversial. Consideration of the preoperative knee condition of patients and some limitations of previous studies, we suggested that other index may be more important than a generic target of 0° ± 3° of a neutral axis to reflect changes in coronal alignment after total knee replacement (TKR). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between alignment and functional outcome with a new grouping method and the concept of correction rate. Methods: The study included 358 knees, the mean follow-up period was 3.62 years. A new grouping method was adopted to divide patients into three groups based on the degree of correction of mechanical femoral – tibial angle (MFTA): under-correction (n = 128), neutral (n = 209) and over-correction (n = 21). Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score were compared among the 3 groups. In addition, we also attempt to further explore whether the concept of correction rate can predict postoperative functional score. Results: HSS score showed significant improvement in all groups. There was no difference in HSS score (88.27 vs 88 vs 85.62)or incremental scores (26.23 vs 25.22 vs 22.88) based on the postoperative alignment category for the degree of correction of MFTA at the last follow-up. The correlational analyses also didn’t show any positive results.Conclusion: TKR is a soft tissue procedure and clinical outcome depends on many factors, only reaching neutral alignment after surgery may not mean a good clinical result. Therefore, categorization of optimal coronal alignment after TKR may be impractical. But we still believe that the concept of correction rate and new grouping method are worthy of research which can reflects the preoperative knee condition and the change of coronal alignment. Perhaps it can be better used in TKR in the future. Level of evidence: III.
Validated ecofriendly LC-MS/MS and TLC-Densitometric Methods for Determination of Amlodipine besilate and Celecoxib in Presence of Toxic Impurity in pure and formulated tablets
Authors: Mohamed Norhan , Zaki Marco , El-Saadi Mohammed , Amin Noha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.