bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic maximum anchorages in malocclusion treatment: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Yin Yijia , Wang Zheng , Huang Lingyi , Zhao Yuxi , Guan Qiuyue , Xu Hao , Han Xianglong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe did a network meta‐analysis and systematic review among patients seeking for maximum anchorage and provided a guidance of selecting certain systems in clinical practice.MethodsSeven databases were searched, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published with no language restrictions from January 1994 to February 2021 comparing any of the following seven anchorage systems for maximum anchorage orthodontic treatment were selected(PROSPERO: CRD42019117995). A network meta‐analysis (NMA) was then conducted to integrate direct evidence with indirect evidence based on logical inference to compare and rank treatments for maximum anchorages in the capacity of maintaining anchorage and duration of total treatment time.ResultsNine publications with 522 participants were considered eligible and were taken into evaluation. According to the capacity of anchorage reinforcement, three skeleton anchorages including miniscrew implants, midpalate implants and Onplant midpalate implants were significantly more effective than conventional anchorages including headgears, TPAs and Nance buttons respectively. According to conventional anchorages, headgears and Nance buttons were significantly more effective than TPA. The strategy ranking reflected the same results as above. However, miniscrew implants required the longest total treatment time.ConclusionsIn general, miniscrew impants are most effective in reserving anchorage. Nance buttons require the least total treatment time. Total evidence is graded as moderate. Midpalatal implants might be the best choice when doing treatment planning because it has the most favorable balance between effectiveness and treatment time. But data analysis of the acceptability and acquisition cost of those anchorage systems must be done to make final decisions.
Evaluating Regulatory Reform: Banks' Cost of Capital and Lending
Authors: KOVNER ANNA , VAN TASSEL PETER 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examine the effects of regulatory changes on banks' cost of capital and lending. Since the passage of the Dodd–Frank Act, the value‐weighted CAPM cost of capital for banks has averaged 10.5% and declined by more than 4% on a within‐firm basis relative to financial crisis highs. This decrease was much greater for the largest banks subject to new regulation than for other banks and firms. Over a longer 20‐year horizon, we find that changes in the systematic risk of bank equity have real economic consequences: increases in banks' cost of capital are associated with tightening in credit supply and loan rates.
Unemployment Risk
Authors: KILEY MICHAEL T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluctuations in the risk of a large increase in unemployment are examined. The analysis compares medium‐term risks—that is, risks at a 3‐year horizon—to those over a 1‐year horizon. The primary approach involves quantile regressions. Robustness exercises examine risks using a logistic regression to model the probability of a large increase in the unemployment rate. U.S. experience reveals an elevated risk of large increases in unemployment over the medium term when credit growth is high and when the unemployment rate is low. Near‐term risks to unemployment are closely tied to changes in corporate bond spreads or the slope of the yield curve, consistent with research on recession prediction, but these factors do not play a sizable role in medium‐term risks. These results highlight the value of considering different near‐ and medium‐term risk factors.
The association between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers: A population study
Authors: Rong Tingyu , Sun Xiaoning , Zhang Zichen , Li Wen , Deng Yujiao , Wang Zijing , Meng Min , Zhu Qi , Jiang Yanrui , Zhao Jin , Zhang Yunting , Wang Guanghai , Jiang Fan 
Published: December 2021

SummarySleep is vital for children's early socio‐emotional development, particularly empathy. This study aimed to explore the associations between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers. A sample of 23,259 preschoolers (4.3 ± 0.3 years) at the entry year of preschool was recruited as part of the Shanghai Children's Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation‐Preschool (SCHEDULE‐P) study. Caregivers reported on child sleep, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy through the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Griffith Empathy Measure. Ordinary least‐square regression and quantile regression were performed for the associations between sleep and empathy. Sex differences were also investigated. Night sleep duration was negatively associated with affective empathy (β = −0.35, p < 0.001), and positively associated with cognitive empathy (β = 0.41, p < 0.001). Longer nap duration was associated with higher affective empathy (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Sleep disturbances were positively associated with affective empathy (β = 0.04, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with cognitive empathy (β = −0.09, p < 0.001). These associations were generally stronger in children at higher empathy quantiles and also those at the 10th cognitive empathy quantile. The associations between sleep and affective empathy were mainly contributed by girls, and were more common in boys in terms of cognitive empathy, particularly at the 10th and the 30th quantiles. In conclusion, longer night sleep duration and fewer sleep disturbances are associated with a more mature empathy pattern in young preschoolers. The associations are more prominent in children at the higher end of the empathy spectrum, and vary by sex. These findings highlight the importance to promote sleep health in young children for optimal socio‐emotional development.
Using citizen science to understand and map habitat suitability for a synurbic mammal in an urban landscape: the hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus
Authors: Turner Jessica , Freeman Robin , Carbone Chris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Urban environments are important for west European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus. The species has been recorded in 73% of large urban areas throughout its geographic range. However, the environmental relationships determining hedgehog distribution within these landscapes are not well understood.

Taking a city‐wide perspective, this study identifies hedgehogs’ habitat relationships with urban environmental characteristics and predicts habitat suitability in a major urban centre, Greater London, UK.

We use a collated citizen science dataset of 3012 hedgehog occurrence records from Greater London, and pseudoabsences inferred from other mammal taxa, to construct a multiscale generalised linear model identifying the influence of 10 variables representing urban greenspace, built infrastructure, and the presence of the European badger Meles meles (as a predator or competitor) on hedgehog distribution.

We find a positive association of hedgehog presence with availability of gardens, parks, allotments, percentage of terraced housing, traffic, and intermediate impervious cover (roads and buildings, peaking at 31%). High impervious cover, woodland, water, human densities (above 2262 people km−2), and badger presence were negatively related to hedgehog presence. Predicted habitat suitability was high across much of Greater London but declined towards the centre and in some locations around the outskirts of the study region.

Our results emphasise the importance of public and private greenspaces for urban hedgehogs, and suggest that loss of garden, park, and allotment habitats and disturbance associated with high human densities may restrict hedgehog distribution. Despite the inherent complexity of urban environments, this study shows that citizen science is useful for developing an understanding of large‐scale species–habitat relationships in diverse urban landscapes.
Child diet and mother–child interactions mediate intervention effects on child growth and development
Authors: Bliznashka Lilia , McCoy Dana C. , Siyal Saima , Sudfeld Christopher R. , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examined whether child diet and mother–child interactions mediated the effects of a responsive stimulation and nutrition intervention delivered from 2009 to 2012 to 1324 children aged 0–24 months living in rural Pakistan. Results showed that the intervention improved children's cognitive, language and motor development through child diet and mother–child interactions. Although the intervention did not improve child growth or socio‐emotional development, we observed positive indirect effects on child growth via child diet and on socio‐emotional development via both child diet and mother–child interactions. In addition, child diet emerged as a shared mechanism to improve both child growth and development, whereas mother–child interactions emerged as a distinct mechanism to improve child development. Nevertheless, our results suggest the two mechanisms were mutually reinforcing and that interventions leveraging both mechanisms are likely to be more effective at improving child outcomes than interventions leveraging only one of these mechanisms.
Mosquito‐bacteria interactions during larval development trigger metabolic changes with carry‐over effects on adult fitness
Authors: Giraud Émilie , Varet Hugo , Legendre Rachel , Sismeiro Odile , Aubry Fabien , Dabo Stéphanie , Dickson Laura B. , Valiente Moro Claire , Lambrechts Louis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn animals with distinct life stages such as holometabolous insects, adult phenotypic variation is often shaped by the environment of immature stages, including their interactions with microbes colonizing larval habitats. Such carry‐over effects were previously observed for several adult traits of the mosquito Aedes aegypti after larval exposure to different bacteria, but the mechanistic underpinnings are unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular changes triggered by gnotobiotic larval exposure to different bacteria in Ae. aegypti. We initially screened a panel of 16 bacterial isolates from natural mosquito breeding sites to determine their ability to influence adult life‐history traits. We subsequently focused on four bacterial isolates (belonging to Flavobacterium, Lysobacter, Paenibacillus, and Enterobacteriaceae) with significant carry‐over effects on adult survival and found that they were associated with distinct transcriptomic profiles throughout mosquito development. Moreover, we detected carry‐over effects at the level of gene expression for the Flavobacterium and Paenibacillus isolates. The most prominent transcriptomic changes in gnotobiotic larvae reflected a profound remodelling of lipid metabolism, which translated into phenotypic differences in lipid storage and starvation resistance at the adult stage. Together, our findings indicate that larval exposure to environmental bacteria trigger substantial physiological changes that impact adult fitness, uncovering a possible mechanism underlying carry‐over effects of mosquito‐bacteria interactions during larval development.
Primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the head and neck in a Brazilian single‐center study
Authors: Bernardo Paula Sabbo , Hancio Thaís , Vasconcelos Flavia da Cunha , Nestal de Moraes Gabriela , de Sá Bigni Ricardo , Wernersbach Pinto Luciana , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Maia Raquel Ciuvalschi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesLymphomas represent around 10% of head and neck neoplasms, among which the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histologic subtype. In the present study, we characterized demographic parameters, anatomical sites, and survival rates of patients in a Brazilian cancer center.Materials and methodsSingle‐center retrospective epidemiological study of 243 head and neck DLBCL patients. Demographic characteristics, tumor localization, HIV status, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and treatment modality were obtained from electronic medical records.ResultsThe most common primary head and neck tumor location in patients with DLBCL was Waldeyer's ring. Interestingly, age above 80 years, male gender, high LDH levels, and HIV positivity were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) rates and increased risk of death. We further demonstrated that treatment had a protective effect, improving OS, and reducing risk of death. Notably, we found no benefit of combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy versus isolated treatment modalities.ConclusionThe study showed that primary head and neck DLBCL is more incident in middle age and elderly patients with a small male patients’ majority in a Brazilian population. Moreover, we observed a 3‐year OS rate of almost 60% and multivariate analysis showed that treatment was the only protective factor.
Percutaneous Robot‐Assisted versus Freehand S2 Iliosacral Screw Fixation in Unstable Posterior Pelvic Ring Fracture
Authors: Han Wei , Zhang Teng , Su Yong‐gang , Zhao Chun‐peng , Zhou Li , Wu Xin‐bao , Wang Jun‐qiang 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the efficiency, safety, and accuracy of S2 (IS) screw fixation using a robot‐assisted method compared with a freehand method.MethodsThis is a retrospective clinical study. We analyzed the patients treated with S2 IS screw fixation for unstable pelvic fractures from January 2016 to January 2019 in our institution. Sixty‐three patients (17 men and 46 women) aged between 21 and 55 years (with an average age of 39.22 ± 9.28) were included in this study. According to the Tile classification, there were 26 (41.3%) type B fractures and 37 (58.7%) type C fractures. All patients were divided into robot‐assisted (RA) group (38 patients) or the traditional freehand (FH) group (25 patients). In RA group, the S2 IS screws were implanted with a robot‐assisted technique. And S2 IS screws were implanted with a traditional freehand technique in FH group. The screw‐related complications were recorded during and after the surgery. The position of all screws and fracture reduction was assessed by postoperative CT scans according to the Gras classification. The number of guide wire attempts and the radiation exposure for S2 screw implantation during operation were also recorded. Finally, the Matta standard was used to evaluate the fracture reduction of the IS joint.ResultsA total of 89 IS screws were implanted into S2 iliosacral joint. Fifty‐four screws were placed by RA (38 patients) and 35 screws were by FH (25 patients). There was no difference between the two groups with respect to demographic data. There was no screw‐related complications or revision surgery in any group. In terms of screw placement, the excellent and good rate was 100% in the RA group, better than that in the FH group where it was only 85.7% (P < 0.001). The fluoroscopy time was 8.06 ± 3.54 s in RA group, which was much less than that in the FH group (27.37 ± 8.82 s, P < 0.001). The guide wire attempts in the RA group (0.685 ± 0.820) were much less than those in the FH group (5.77 ± 3.34) (P < 0.001). Both the fluoroscopy time per screw and the number of guide wire attempts in the RA group were much less than those in the FH group (P < 0.001). The overall postoperative excellent and good rate of Matta standard in RA and FH groups were 86.8% (34/4) and 90.0% (23/25), respectively (P = 0.750), and there was no statistical difference.ConclusionThe robot‐assisted surgery is an accurate and minimally invasive technique. S2 IS screw implantation assisted by TiRobot to treat the posterior pelvic ring fractures, have a high success rate than the freehand technique. Percutaneous RA S2 IS screw fixation for unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries is safe and clinically feasible and has great clinical application value.
Efficacy of Transosseous Tunnel Placement for Triple Endobutton Plate in Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction: A Three‐Dimensional Printing Guide Design Technology
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wen Youliang , Zhang Meng‐yao , Zhou Xin , Fu Shi‐jie , Wang Guo‐you 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveExplore an accurate transosseous tunnel drilling method based on three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology for acromioclavicular joint reconstruction (ACD), design a guide design, and evaluate its accuracy.MethodsUsing Mimics software to reconstruct 100 cases of acromioclavicular joint computed tomography (CT) data. In design 2, the non‐collinear tunnel is superimposed on the 3D model, and a virtual drilling is performed between the clavicle and the coracoid using a triple inner gusset. Then, in the Geomagic Studio software model, an elliptical plane is calculated and extracted as a guide design for precise drilling. Then put the design and the 3D shoulder model together for 3D printing. Ten lengths were measured, and the effects of the virtual model, the actual model, and the guide rail design were compared.ResultsWe successfully compared 10 parameters of 3D virtual model and actual model. There was no significant difference between actual and virtual bone tunnels in 10 measurements (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe accuracy of ACD combined with 3D printing guidance design technology in the transosseous tunnel of adult shoulder is reliable.
How young people experienced COVID‐19 disease containment measures in the Western Cape, South Africa: A qualitative study including the perspectives of young people, their parents, teachers and school counsellors
Authors: Coetzee Bronwynè J. , Gericke Hermine , Human Suzanne , Stallard Paul , Loades Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the potential impact of COVID‐19 disease containment measures on children's mental health and well‐being, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We sought to explore this amongst young adolescents in South Africa and from the perspectives of multiple key stakeholders.MethodsWe conducted 25 individual semi‐structured telephonic interviews with children (n = 7, aged 12–13 years), teachers (n = 8), parents/caregivers (n = 7) and school counsellors (n = 3) from two public primary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. Interviews were conducted between July and September 2020 and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis procures.ResultsWe generated three overarching themes: “locked down at home”, “social disconnection” and “back to school.” Children had varying reactions to COVID‐19 and lockdown including excitement, frustration, anxiety, boredom and loneliness. Parents were anxious about teaching, and technology did not consistently provide the necessary support. Children felt disconnected from their peers at home, and at school, reconnecting with friends was obstructed by disease containment measures. All participants were concerned about children completing the academic year successfully and worried excessively about the implications of this year on their future.ConclusionYoung people and their immediate networks, in a low‐ and middle‐income context, described a variety of negative impacts of disease containment measures emotionally, although there was a wide variety of experiences. Children, parents, teachers and counsellors all wanted resources and support and were concerned about the longer‐term impacts of disease containment measures.
Genetic analysis of the Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum) petal spot phenotypes
Authors: Erpelding John E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe cotton species Gossypium arboreum L. is self‐pollinated, and most accessions in the United States Department Agriculture, National Plant Germplasm System, produce flowers with red pigmented petal spots, which represents the primitive phenotype and more attractive to pollinators. Few accessions have the ghost spot phenotype, and genetic analysis of this trait was conducted for PI 615742. Two F2 populations were developed by crossing PI 615742 with G. arboreum accessions PI 452097, having red petal spots, and with PI 529708, showing the spotless phenotype. The PI 615742 × PI 529708 population data indicate a single completely dominant gene which confers the ghost spot phenotype. Petal spot phenotypes observed for the PI 615742 × PI 452097 population indicate red pigmented spots are also conferred by a single completely dominant gene. These results support a two‐gene model in which the presence of petal spots and pigment development are controlled by independent genes that co‐segregate with stem pigmentation. The accessions and population data can aid in characterizing the mechanisms controlling floral traits and pigment expression.
Transition in cardiology 1: Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease to adulthood
Authors: Yamamura Kenichiro , Nagata Hazumu , Sakamoto Ichiro , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith advances in medical care, the majority of infants and children with chronic diseases are now able to reach adulthood. However, many of them still need special health care because of their original diseases, sequelae, and complications. The transition from the child health care system to the adult health care system is a crucial step for these patients. The goal of transitional care is to maximize the lifelong function and potential of these patients by uninterruptedly providing appropriate health‐care services. To achieve this goal, we should (i) coordinate the transfer to adequate medical institutions and departments for adults, (ii) educate patients to improve self‐management, and (iii) support the transition to social and welfare services for adults. Transitional care in pediatric cardiology has been a step ahead of such care in other diseases because of the relatively high incidence and the long history of adult congenital heart disease. Education of the patients to establish autonomy reduces dropping out and unexpected hospitalizations and it is the most important part of transitional care. To achieve this goal, we should provide explanations to pediatric patients according to their age and level of understanding from their first visit, rather than waiting until they reach a certain age. Tools for education and readiness checks are also being developed. To achieve a situation in which pediatric patients with chronic disease can take care of their own health and fully utilize their abilities at the growing step, transitional care plays a crucial role not only in pediatric cardiology but also in other subspecialties.
Using laser marking to engrave optimal patterns for in‐plane displacement and strain measurement
Authors: Bouyra Quentin , Blaysat Benoît , Chanal Hélène , Grédiac Michel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe checkerboard constitutes the best pattern for in‐plane displacement and strain measurement because it maximizes image gradient. The use of laser marking to deposit such a pattern on flat surfaces is investigated in this paper. Optimal settings for the parameters influencing the quality of the pattern are given. This pattern being periodic, the images are processed with the localized spectrum analysis, which is one of the spectral techniques used to process such images. It is shown that the metrological performance in terms of measurement resolution is equivalent to the one obtained with transferred checkerboards. Compared to the classic transfer technique generally used to deposit such patterns, the benefit of using laser marking is its ease of use, a much higher print speed and the fact that a thin coat of white paint instead of a thicker layer of white adhesive is employed to ensure a good contrast in the images. Various examples of strain measurements are given, in particular the measurement of the strain field around a knot embedded in a wood specimen subjected to a tensile test.