bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of postoperative ectopic inner foveal layer on visual function after removal of idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Kim Bo Hee , Kim Dong Ik , Bae Ki Woong , Park Un Chul 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
To investigate the functional and anatomical parameters and their postoperative changes according to the ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) staging scheme for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Methods
In this prospective study, patients with idiopathic ERM underwent pars plana vitrectomy and ERM removal, and were followed-up for 6 months. The associations of EIFL with pre- and postoperative functional and anatomical parameters were analyzed.

Results
A total of 84 eyes (84 patients) were included: 39 (46.4%), 33 (39.3%), and 12 (14.3%) as EIFL stages 2, 3, and 4, respectively. At 6 months after surgery, the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved in all EIFL stages (P ≤ 0.003); however, metamorphopsia improved only in eyes with EIFL stage 2 (P = 0.039) and 3 (P = 0.011). The aniseikonia and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area showed no significant postoperative changes in any of the EIFL stages. Both preoperatively and during 6 months after surgery, the EIFL stage showed a significant correlation with BCVA (P ≤ 0.033), metamorphopsia (P ≤ 0.008), central macular thickness (P < 0.001), and FAZ parameters (P ≤ 0.016) at each time point, but not with aniseikonia. Significant correlations of EIFL thickness with BCVA (P = 0.028) and metamorphopsia (P = 0.006) before surgery were not persistent after surgery.

Conclusion
Both pre- and postoperatively, the staging of EIFL, rather than its thickness, is a simple and adequate surrogate marker for visual acuity and metamorphopsia in eyes with idiopathic ERM.
Quantitative nuclear phenotype signatures predict nodal disease in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Kelly Yi Ping , Zhu Sarah Yuqi , Harrison Alan , Chen Zhao Yang , Guillaud Martial , Poh Catherine F. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients have a one-in-four risk of regional metastasis (LN+), which is also the most significant prognostic factor for survival. As there are no validated biomarkers for predicting LN+ in early-stage OSCC, elective neck dissection often leads to over-treatment and under-treatment. We present a machine-learning-based model using the quantitative nuclear phenotype of cancer cells from the primary tumor to predict the risk of nodal disease.

Methods and findings
Tumor specimens were obtained from 35 patients diagnosed with primary OSCC and received surgery with curative intent. Of the 35 patients, 29 had well (G1) or moderately (G2) differentiated tumors, and six had poorly differentiated tumors. From each, two consecutive sections were stained for hematoxylin & eosin and Feulgen-thionin staining. The slides were scanned, and images were processed to curate nuclear morphometric features for each nucleus, measuring nuclear morphology, DNA amount, and chromatin texture/organization. The nuclei (n = 384,041) from 15 G1 and 14 G2 tumors were randomly split into 80% training and 20% test set to build the predictive model by using Random Forest (RF) analysis which give each tumor cell a score, NRS. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 99.6% and 90.7% for the training and test sets, respectively. At the cutoff score of 0.5 as the median NRS of each region of interest (n = 481), the AUC was 95.1%. We then developed a patient-level model based on the percentage of cells with an NRS ≥ 0.5. The prediction performance showed AUC of 97.7% among the 80% (n = 23 patient) training set and with the cutoff of 61% positive cells achieved 100% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. When applying the 61% cutoff to the 20% test set patients, the model achieved 100% accuracy.

Conclusions
Our findings may have a clinical impact with an easy, accurate, and objective biomarker from routine pathology tissue, providing an unprecedented opportunity to improve neck management decisions in early-stage OSCC patients.
Pro-environmental behavior and smartphone uses of on-campus engineering students in Xi’an, China
Authors: Qiang Tao , Gao Honghong , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: November 2021

Background
The usage status, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) related to the smartphones of on-campus engineering students should be studied. Furthermore, the correlations between their smartphone profiles with energy consumption and environmental knowledge should be understood make measures improve their environmental behaviors.

Methods
Pro-environmental behavior and smartphone uses of the on-campus engineering undergraduates in Xi’an, China, were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire anonymously. The energy-saving activities they participated in and their e-waste treatment patterns were analyzed.

Results
Most of the respondents had a smartphone with large screen and high battery capacity, which also had long standby/usage time and frequent charging. Average daily power consumption of one smartphone was estimated to be 6.475 Wh. The surveyed undergraduate students changed their smartphones frequently, which produced large quantities of WEEE annually.

Conclusion
Most on-campus students treated their waste smartphones in the proper ways. However, some of them were short of environmental knowledge about their smartphones. Some measures were suggested to improve their environmental concerns. The findings will help the on-campus engineering undergraduates in China to use their smartphones rationally and to deal with their waste smartphones appropriately.
Ethics appraisal procedure in 79,670 Marie Skłodowska-Curie proposals from the entire European HORIZON 2020 research and innovation program (2014–2020): A retrospective analysis
Authors: De Waele Ilse , Wizel David , Puljak Livia , Koporc Zvonimir 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Horizon 2020 was the most significant EU Research and Innovation programme ever implemented and included the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA). Proposals submitted to the MSCA actions awere subject to the Ethics Appraisal Procedure. In this work we explored the ethics appraisal procedure in MSCA H2020.

Methods
Using a retrospective analysis of pooled anonymized data, we explored the ethics appraisal procedure on proposals submitted to Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) during the entire Horizon 2020 program period (N = 79,670).

Results
Our results showed that one of the most frequently identified ethics categories was Data protection. We also detected slight differences between applicants’ and the ethics reviewers’ awareness of ethical issues. Trajectory analysis of all ethics screened proposals appearing on main lists showed that a minimal portion of all screened submissions required additional ethics checks in the project implementation phase.

Conclusion
Personal data protection is one of the most represented ethics categories indicated among MSCA actions which exhaust ethics assessment efforts and may lead to “overkills” in ethics requirements. Excluding the majority of personal data protection assessment from the ethics assessment, except for parts which are directly related to ethics like “Informed consent procedures”, might be necessary in the future. A gap in understanding of ethics issues between applicants and reviewers’ points to the necessity to further educate researchers on research ethics issues.
Career-Based Scenarios as a Mechanism for Fostering Students’ Interest in Science and Understandings of STEM Careers
Authors: Drymiotou Irene , Constantinou Costas P. , Avraamidou Lucy 
Published: November 2021

Our purpose in this paper is to shed light on the intricacies of designing and enacting curricular innovations aiming to enhance students’ interest in science and their understandings of STEM careers. We present the design and describe the implementation of a set of STEM career-oriented curriculum materials referred to as career-based scenarios. A review of the literature demonstrates that such curricular innovations create potentially useful mechanisms for broadening students’ awareness of STEM careers and facilitating more informed decisions. We present the design process we followed to create career-based scenarios and we provide a rationale for each design decision. We also provide a description of the implementation of one representative scenario in three school classrooms. We conclude with a reflective section in which we identify lessons learned from our experiences and broader implications for curricular innovations targeting students’ interests.
”Dette skulle bli et dikt som noen skulle huske en stund”
Authors: Svare Silje Harr , Skaret Anne 
Published: November 2021

”This was supposed to become a poem which someone would remember for a while”: Stage Art as Poetry for Children in the Theatre Performance Snutebiller, stankelben
Abstract: Norwegian author Rolf Jacobsen’s (1907–1994) modernist poetry, originally published for adults, has been celebrated for its boldness and innovativeness. In the stage performance Snutebiller, stankelben (Snout Beetle, Crane Fly) by the Norwegian theatre group Fleece & Rouge, four poems by Jacobsen are performed on stage with children as the target audience. This article studies the realization of Jacobsen’s poetry as stage art for children. Transferring the poems from book to stage involves several obvious medial transformations due to the theatre’s specific devices. By drawing theoretical inspiration from Jonathan Culler’s theory of the lyric poem’s ritualistic and fictional qualities, we ask to what degree the performance preserves the poetic qualities in the poems for the child audience. Or rather, does the theatre frame impose dramatic effects on the poems by expanding their element of fiction? The inquiry is also inspired by Margaret Meek’s and Kornej Tjukovskij’s perspectives on the relationship between children and poetic language. There is an amount of risk involved in the task of transferring poetry to the stage. In order to succeed, the actors must embrace the expressive possibilities of the theatre, which in one sense means replacing one genre with another and thus leaving the poetry behind. However, as the analysis of Snutebiller, stankelben demonstrates, the poetic may resurrect in the scenic expression, given that the performance’s embeddedness in and obligation towards the poems are strong enough.
Leveraging diversity and inclusion in the polymer sciences: the key to meeting the rapidly changing needs of our world
Authors: Haase Danniebelle N. , Brettmann Blair , Peeters Marloes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging (DEIB) will be key to unlocking and accelerating sustainable polymer-based solutions to meet the needs of our rapidly growing world. To achieve faster innovation, we must increase team performance by embracing diversity, ensuring systems and processes within polymer science are equitable and through increased emotional intelligence (EQ), fostering inclusion and belonging. In examining the participation of women and other historically marginalized groups in publishing, intellectual property filings and society leadership, this paper highlights the gaps and the extent of the work needed to close those gaps. Additionally, we provide an opportunity for members of the polymer science community to provide their perspective on DEIB. Polymer science is for everyone and it is imperative for all to be able to make full and meaningful contributions to advance the field. To this end, we provide recommendations for cultivating a more inclusive culture in all facets of the polymer sciences.
Trends in microbial degradation and bioremediation of emerging contaminants
Authors: Meganathan Bhuvaneswari , Rathinavel Thirumalaisamy , Rangaraj Suriyaprabha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Modernization and modern ways of living demands more improved products from pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food processing industries. Moreover, industries like pesticides, fertilizers, dyeing, paints, detergent etc., also needs improvised products as per demand. As the new product emerges, the pollutants from these industries also constitute new type of danger to the environment and serious health risks to the living organisms. These emerging contaminants (ECs) are from different category of sources such as personal care products (PCPs), pharmaceuticals (Phcs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), etc. These ECs can easily escape from the conventional water treatment and eventually get discharged in to the surface water and thus enters in to the ground water, soil, sediments, and also into the oceans. When these contaminants emerge we also require progress in tremendous process for preventing these hazardous chemicals by effective removal and treatment. For the past 50 years, both developed and developing countries are working on this treatment process and found that Microbial degradation and bioremediation are very useful for effective treatment to prevent their emissions. This treatment can be designed for any sort of ECs since the microbial members are so versatile to redesign their metabolic pathways when subject to exposure. However, implementing bioremediation is not alone efficient to degrade ECs and hence, combination of bioremediation, nanotechnology and physical treatment method will also provide sustainable, potent and fast degradation process. In this Book Chapter, we discuss in detail about the ECs, sources of microbial degradation process and its usefulness in the bioremediation of these ECs.
Synthesis and structural study of five new phosphoric triamides: interplay between classical and non-classical intermolecular interactions
Authors: Bakhshipour Bahar , Tarahhomi Atekeh , van der Lee Arie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Phosphoric triamides are attractive to investigate because of their extensive applications in various fields, especially in medicine. Five new phosphoric triamides with the main parts [N]P(O)[NH]2 and [C(O)NH]P(O)[N]2 have been structurally analyzed by single crystal MoKα/synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR and 1H, 13C, 31P NMR). Compounds crystallize in orthorhombic (1 with space group Pnma) and monoclinic (2 (P21/a), 3 (C2/c), 4 (P21/n) and 5 (P21/c)) crystal systems. The asymmetric unit of all structures consists of one phosphoric triamide molecule, except for 1 with one half of molecule. X-ray crystallography data reveal that the molecular architectures constructed by classical N—H … O hydrogen bonds are as 1D linear (building the

R
2
1

(
6
)

${R}_{2}^{1}\left(6\right)$

, C(4) and

R
2
2

(
10
)

/

R
2
1

(
6
)

${R}_{2}^{2}\left(10\right)/{R}_{2}^{1}\left(6\right)$

motifs, respectively, for 1–3) or dimeric (the

R
2
2

(
8
)

${R}_{2}^{2}\left(8\right)$

ring motif for 4 and 5). A detailed investigation of the intermolecular interactions using Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis illustrates that the H … H, O … H/H … O and C … H/H … C contacts for all compounds, and Cl … H/H … Cl and F … H/H … F contacts for 3–5, are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing. Moreover, based on the calculated enrichment ratios (E), the O … H/H … O contacts including the classical N—H … O hydrogen bonds for all structures are considered as favoured contacts.
Mapping Karakorum, the capital of the Mongol Empire
Authors: Bemmann Jan , Linzen Sven , Reichert Susanne , Munkhbayar Lkh. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn the thirteenth century AD, the city of Karakorum was founded as the capital of the Mongol Empire. Relatively little archaeological attention, however, has been directed at the site and the phenomenon of steppe urbanism. The authors report new magnetic and topographic surveys of the walled city and the surrounding landscape. The resulting maps reveal the city in unprecedented detail. Combining the magnetic and topographical data with aerial photographs, pedestrian surveys and documentary sources reveals the extent, layout and organisation of this extensive settlement. Road networks and areas of variable occupation density and types of activities deepen our understanding of this important commercial hub and royal palace, which is conceptualised as a form of ‘implanted’ urbanism.
Thyroid hormone resistance index and mortality in euthyroid subjects: Di@bet.es study
Authors: Alonso Silvia Patricia , Valdés Sergio , Maldonado-Araque Cristina , Lago Ana , Ocon Pilar , Calle Alfonso , Castaño Luis , Delgado Elías , Menéndez Edelmiro , Franch-Nadal Josep , Gaztambide Sonia , Girbés Juan , Chaves Felipe , Garcia-Serrano Sara , Garcia-Escobar Eva , Fernandez-García José Carlos , Olveira Gabriel , Colomo Natalia , Rojo-Martínez Gemma 
Published: November 2021

Objective
It has been proposed that a mild form of acquired resistance to thyroid hormone may occur in the general population. Its clinical significance remains largely unknown. The objective of the study was to explore whether a newly described thyroid hormone resistance index is associated with the risk of mortality in a sample of community-dwelling euthyroid subjects representative of the adult population of Spain.

Design
Longitudinal observational study including 3750 individuals, free of thyroid disease, TPO antibodies-negative (<50 IU/mL) and with TSH levels within the euthyroid range (≥0.5 and ≤5.0 mUI/mL) participating in the nationwide study Di@bet.es (2008–2010).

Methods
We used the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI) as a marker of resistance to thyroid hormone. The study population was grouped into categories according to their TFQI values at baseline. Fatal events were ascertained from the national death registry (end of follow-up December 2016).

Results
A total of 231 deaths were recorded during an average follow-up of 7.3 years. Compared with the category with the highest sensitivity to free thyroxine (TFQI ≤ p5) (reference), the relative risk of mortality in the categories with TFQI > p5 and ≤p25; >p25 and ≤p50; >p50 and ≤p75; >p75 and ≤p95 and >p95 were 1.01, (0.47–2.19), 1.42 (0.68–2.97), 1.54 (0.74–3.22), 1.47 (0.70–3.11) and 2.61 (1.16–5.89), respectively (P for trend 0.003). The association remained significant after multivariate adjustment of the data (P for trend 0.017).

Conclusions
A thyroid hormone resistance index focused on deviations of the average pituitary response to thyroid hormones may be associated with all-cause mortality independently of other conventional risk factors and comorbidities.
Biodiversity of Zygosaccharomyces species in food systems
Authors: Péter G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractsZygosaccharomycesspecies are among the most problematic food spoilage yeasts. The two most infamous species areZygosaccharomyces baliiandZygosaccharomyces rouxii, although they may also take a positive role during the production of some fermented foods. DNA sequence based yeast identification aided by freely available reference databases of barcoding DNA sequences has boosted the description rate of novel yeast species in the last two decades. The genusZygosaccharomyceshas been considerably expanded as well. Especially the number of the extremely osmotolerantZygosaccharomycesspecies, related toZ. rouxiiand regularly found in high-sugar foods, has enlarged. A brief account of recent developments in the taxonomy and biodiversity of this important food associated genus is given in this review.
First report of two Aspergillus species isolated from mangrove forest in Ecuador
Authors: Sacheri-Viteri Katheryn , Fernandez-Cadena Juan Carlos , Molina-Moreira Natalia , Andrade-Molina Derly 
Published: November 2021

Mangroves forests are located in tropical and subtropical regions, its adaptation and distribution in coastal regions is influenced by temperature, humidity, tidal and saline fluctuations. Therefore, there are exposed to multiple environmental fluctuations. Mangroves are inhabited by wildlife but also is supported by a diverse community of microorganisms, including fungi. Several fungi in mangroves have multiple ecological roles as saprotrophs or as an opportunistic pathogen, many of them are also used in the industry, as the genus Aspergillus, that are important in the biomedicine, industrial and environmental applications. In this study we isolated species of fungi from mangrove stems and propagules. They were identified by both morphological and by its molecular characteristics. Here, we report the first isolated of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus aculeatus from mangrove in Ecuador. Research such as these highlights the importance to determine the role of fungi in mangrove ecosystem.
MPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH TOWARDS PROFESSIONALISM AND EXCELLENCE IN LABUAN DISTRICT, PANDEGLANG REGENCY, BANTEN PROVINCE
Authors: Sudrajat Ajat , Darojat Ojat , Mikdar Syaeful 
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dilaksanakannya Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat ini adalah pemahaman guru terkait penelitian Tindakan kelas menjadi lebih meningkat sehingga guru nanti dengan mudah membuat penelitian sederhana yang terjadi di dalam kelasnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat ini adalah 1) Metode ceramah; penyajian materi pelajaran yang dilakukan oleh Narasumber dengan penuturan atau penjelasan secara langsung dihadapan peserta workshop. 2) Metode Diskusi; cara penyampaian suatu materi pelajaran melalui sarana pertukaran pikiran untuk memecahkan persoalan yang dihadapi. 3) Pemberian Tugas, secara berkelompok, peserta menganalisis secara kualitatif contoh proposal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang diberikan oleh narasumber kemudian secara berkelompok peserta berlatih membuat proposal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Hasil pelaksanaan Pengabdian Pada masyarakat ini adalah Hasil Penilaian Ketercapaian Program dari jumlah peserta 25 guru memberikan tanggapan positif sebanyak 100% yang memiliki nilai penambahan keilmuan guru di Kecamatan Labuan Kabupaten Pandeglang Provinsi Banten. Sedang kepuasan mitra kerjasama yaitu PGRI Kecamatan Labuan terhadap pelaksanaan PkM dosen FKIP Universitas Terbuka menyatakan 100% menyatakan sangat puas dan bernilai tinggi dalam rangka mengembangan kualitas sumber daya manusia dalam hal ini adalah guru sebagai pengajar di Kecamatan Labuan.
Congratulations! The Best Paper Award 2021
Authors:   Editorial Office
Published: November 2021

The 12th Best Paper Award 2021 ceremony was held virtually on September 13, 2021. Since the influence of COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, the winners and IJAT committee members who took part in the selection process attended through Zoom. The Best Paper was carefully selected from among the 97 papers published in Vol.14 (2020). The Best Paper Award winners were given a certificate with a nearly USD 1,000 honorarium.
We congratulate the winners and sincerely wish them success in the future.

Evaluation of Machine Tool Spindle Using Carbon Fiber Composite

by Ryo Kondo, Daisuke Kono, and Atsushi Matsubara

Int. J. of Automation Technology, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 294-303, 2020
doi: 10.20965/ijat.2020.p0294
Structural Allograft and Induced Membrane Technique for Treatment of 10-cm Segmental Femoral Bone Defect
Authors: Viale Germán J. , Garabano Germán , Pesciallo Cesar , Sel Hernán del 
Published: November 2021

Case:
A modified induced membrane technique for the treatment of a posttraumatic 10-cm infected segmental femoral defect is reported. The first stage involved debridement and insertion of an antibiotic cement spacer and 2 Ender nails. Reconstruction was performed with a 14-cm structural bone allograft, inverted and telescoped into both ends of the remaining host femur, and stabilized with an interlocking nail. Progressive weight-bearing was allowed at 3 weeks with full weight-bearing achieved at 6 months.

Conclusion:
The use of a telescoped structural allograft and intramedullary nailing as the second stage of the Masquelet induced membrane technique facilitated postoperative rehabilitation, increased surface contact between host and graft bone, and improved integration.