bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjektives Wohlbefinden und Arbeitsfähigkeit von Krankenhauspersonal nach SARS-CoV-2-Immunisierung mit dem mRNS-Impfstoff BNT162b2 – Ergebnisse einer anonymen Umfrage
Authors: Kalbhenn Johannes , Hammer Thorsten , Hug Martin , Dürschmied Daniel , Wenz Frederik , Steinmann Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Seit dem 27.12.2020 wurden in Deutschland unter anderem MitarbeiterInnen des Gesundheitssystems mit dem Vakzin BNT162b2 gegen das SARS-Coronavirus-2 geimpft. Erste Beobachtungen zeigten, dass es insbesondere bei jüngeren Geimpften zu Nebenwirkungen kommen kann. In dieser Studie wurde am Beispiel von KlinikmitarbeiterInnen das selbstempfundene Wohlbefinden nach der jeweils ersten und zweiten Dosis des Impfstoffes untersucht.
Methoden Anonymisierter Online-Fragebogen, einmalig ausfüllbar durch alle MitarbeiterInnen nach Erhalt der zweiten Dosis von BNT162b2. Die Ausprägung von Nebenwirkungen wurde über eine ordinale numerische Rating-Skala mit Werten zwischen 0 und 10 abgefragt. Weitere wesentliche Datenpunkte waren Alter, Geschlecht und Berufsgruppe. Die Arbeitsfähigkeit in den Folgetagen der Injektionen wurde ebenfalls durch Selbstangabe erhoben.
Ergebnisse Es wurden Daten von 555 Befragten ausgewertet. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 40,25 Jahren (Standardabweichung 12,35). 56 % der Befragten waren weiblich, 44,3 % gehörten zum ärztlichen, 42,9 % zum pflegerischen Dienst und 12,8 % waren anderen Berufsgruppen mit COVID-19-Patientenkontakt zuzuordnen. Etwa 2 % aller Mitarbeiter verspürten überhaupt keine Nebenwirkungen. Häufigste Nebenwirkung waren Schmerzen an der Injektionsstelle. In absteigender Häufigkeit folgten Müdigkeit, Kopfschmerzen und Myalgien. Nach der ersten Dosis gaben 3 Viertel der Befragten an, die Impfung insgesamt gut vertragen zu haben, nach der zweiten Dosis war es nur noch die Hälfte. Nach der ersten Dosis fühlten sich über 90 % der Befragten am Folgetag wieder arbeitsfähig, nach der zweiten Dosis gab ein Drittel an, erst am zweiten Tag wieder arbeitsfähig gewesen zu sein. 2,2 % aller MitarbeiterInnen mussten sich nach der ersten, 19,5 % nach der zweiten Dosis für mindestens einen Tag arbeitsunfähig melden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Impfung mit BNT162b2 führte – insbesondere nach der zweiten Dosis – häufig zu Nebenwirkungen. Diese hatten in 19 % der Befragten eine Krankmeldung nach der zweiten Dosis zur Folge. Dennoch würden sich 95 % aller Befragten wieder für eine Coronavirus-Impfung entscheiden.
The Synthesis of Five-Membered N-Heterocycles by Cycloaddition of Nitroalkenes with (In)Organic Azides and Other 1,3-Dipoles
Authors: Pookkandam Parambil Shandev , Pulikkal Veettil Santhini , Dehaen Wim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCycloaddition reactions have emerged as rapid and powerful methods for constructing heterocycles and carbocycles. [3+2] Cyclo­additions of nitroalkenes with various 1,3-dipoles have been an interesting research area for many organic chemists. This review outlines the synthesis of N-substituted and NH-1,2,3-triazoles along with other five-membered N-heterocycles through cycloaddition reactions of nitro­alkenes.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles2.1	Synthesis of NH-1,2,3-Triazoles2.2	Synthesis of N-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles3	Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Pyrroles4	Synthesis of Pyrazoles5	Conclusion
Management of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Hashem Anas , Khalouf Amani , Acosta Andres 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the recent urbanization and globalization, the adult obesity rate has been increasing, which was paralleled with a dramatic surge in the incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD poses a growing threat to human health as it represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. It encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions starting from a build-up of fat in hepatocytes (steatosis), to developing inflammation (steatohepatitis), and reaching up to cirrhosis. It is also associated with higher rates of cardiovascular mortalities. Therefore, proper timely treatment is essential and weight loss remains the cornerstone in the treatment of obesity-related liver diseases. When diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes are not successful, the current recommendation for weight loss includes antiobesity medications and bariatric endoscopic and surgical interventions. These interventions have shown to result in significant weight loss and improve liver steatosis and fibrosis. In the current literature review, we highlight the expected outcomes and side effects of the currently existing options to have a weight-centric NAFLD approach.
Clostridioides difficile Diarrhea: An Emerging Problem in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kannambath Rachana , Biswas Rakhi , Mandal Jharna , Vinod Kolar V. , Dubashi Biswajit , Parameswaran Narayanan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common infectious causes of hospital-acquired diarrhea. The actual burden of the disease is underestimated in India due to inadequate diagnostic methods and limited studies conducted.
Aims The aim of this study was to determine the burden and risk factors of CDI among patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea.
Methods and Materials Stool specimen of patients (age > 1 year) with hospital-acquired diarrhea were screened for glutamate dehydrogenase antigen and toxin using an enzyme immunoassay. If both antigen and toxin were present, it was reported as positive for toxigenic CDI. Samples positive for antigen and negative for toxin were further tested with Cepheid GeneXpert assay for detecting the toxin producing gene.
Results Of 75 patients (mean age 36.07 ± 20.79, 64% males), 14 (18.67%) patients were positive for toxigenic Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) and 3 (4%) patients were nontoxigenic C. difficile. Addition of GeneXpert to the testing algorithm increased the yield of toxin detection in 5/14 patients who were negative by toxin assay. On analysis of risk factors, prolonged hospital stay was found to have significant association (p-value = 0.022). Patients with factors like intensive care unit stay, presence of diabetes mellitus as a comorbidity, and exposure to antibiotics like carbapenems and glycopeptides have been found to have a higher prevalence of CDI.
Conclusions The prevalence of CDI in our population was 18.67% and the major risk factor associated was prolonged hospital stay. The addition of GeneXpert for the detection of toxin gene increased the yield from 12 to 18.68%.
Stabilization of Talocalcaneal Luxation with a Dorsal 1.0 mm Compression Plate in Four Cats
Authors: Smith Matthew , Macdonald Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this case series was to report the surgical technique, complications, and long-term outcome of feline talocalcaneal luxation stabilized with a dorsally applied two-hole, 1.0 mm compression plate. It is a retrospective study of four cats that underwent surgical stabilization of talocalcaneal luxation with a dorsally applied two-hole, 1.0 mm compression plate between 2013 and 2019. Medical history and diagnostic imaging (radiographs ± computed tomography scans) were reviewed. The owners of three of the four cats were contacted with a follow-up questionnaire based on the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index to assess long-term outcome. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. All three owner questionnaires were returned and Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index scores of 0, 1, and 4 were recorded out of a maximum score of 83 (normal cat range is −18 to 4; cats with degenerative joint disease range from 11 to 66). Quality of life was rated by the owners as excellent (⅔) or good (⅓). All cats returned to full activity. Stabilization of feline talocalcaneal luxation with a dorsally applied two-hole, 1.0 mm compression plate was technically straightforward, easily accessible, and a relatively low-cost treatment option which carries a low risk of complications and an excellent prognosis.
NESTROFT—A Cost-Effective Mass Screening Tool for the Detection of β-Thalassemia Carrier Status in Anemic Pregnant Women: A Step Toward Reducing the National Disease Burden
Authors: Gosavi Manasi , Chavan Ramesh , Bellad M. B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction β-Thalassemias are inherited hemoglobinopathies commonly encountered in practice. With chances of a promising cure being rare, the prevention of births with this disorder should assume priority, especially in low-resource countries. This can be achieved by the implementation of a mass screening program that is reliable and, at the same time, cost-effective.
Objectives This study focuses on the utility of Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test (NESTROFT) as a mass screening tool to detect thalassemia carriers. Hematological parameters that may predict carrier status were also evaluated.
Materials and Methods Hemoglobin estimation was performed on all consented pregnant women. If the patient was found to have hemoglobin < 11 g/dL, the blood sample was subjected to other routine hematological tests along with peripheral smear examination. NESTROFT was performed using 0.36% saline solution. Confirmation was done using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Statistical Analysis Data obtained were tabulated using version 21 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Means, standard deviations, and percentages were used to describe the sample. Chi-square test and Students’ t test were used to identify differences between the groups.
Results Of 441 pregnant women enrolled, 206 were found to be anemic. Nineteen (9.2%) of the anemic pregnant women were detected to be carriers of hemoglobinopathies. Among the hematological parameters, mean red blood cell count and reticulocyte count were higher, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was lower in carriers. Also, carriers were more likely to present with microcytic hypochromic anemia. NESTROFT showed a sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 96.25%, a positive predictive value of 69.56%, and a negative predictive value of 98.36%. A false-positive result was seen in 3.74% of the tests, while a false negative result was seen in 15.78% of the tests.
Conclusions NESTROFT (0.36%) can be used as a simple and cost-effective mass screening tool for the detection of carrier status. This should be followed by confirmation using HPLC or hemoglobin electrophoresis.
1.3 Modelling Radicals and Their Reactivities
Authors: Derat E. , Braïda B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, the application of computational quantum mechanical methods to the understanding of radical reactions is introduced. For radical reactions, access to electronic configurations through quantum chemical calculations allows rationalization of unusual reactivities. Using the valence bond approach, the nature of bonding in three-electron bonds can be characterized by large resonance interactions. Similarly, some simple reactions that are commonly believed to be radical-free, such as [3 + 2] cycloadditions, are in fact governed by a high-lying biradical intermediate that helps to stabilize the transition state. More complex radical and enzymatic reactions can also be modelled, as illustrated by the example of horseradish peroxidase. These case studies show that computational analysis can complement experimental investigations and fill in the blanks to enable a more complete understanding of radical reactions.
Temperature-dependent dynamic structure factors for liquid water inferred from inelastic neutron scattering measurements
Authors: Noguere G. , Scotta J. P. , Xu S. , Farhi E. , Ollivier J. , Calzavarra Y. , Rols S. , Koza M. , Marquez Damian J. I. 
Published: July 2021

Temperature-dependent dynamic structure factors S(Q, ω) for liquid water have been calculated using a composite model, which is based on the decoupling approximation of the mean square displacement of the water molecules into diffusion and solid-like vibrational parts. The solid-like vibrational part Svib(Q, ω) is calculated with the phonon expansion method established in the framework of the incoherent Gaussian approximation. The diffusion part Sdiff(Q, ω) relies on the Egelstaff–Schofield translational diffusion model corrected for jump diffusions and rotational diffusions with the Singwi–Sjölander random model and Sears expansion, respectively. Systematics of the model parameters as a function of temperature were deduced from quasi-elastic neutron scattering data analysis reported in the literature and from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations relying on the TIP4P/2005f model. The resulting S(Q, ω) values are confronted by means of Monte Carlo simulations to inelastic neutron scattering data measured with IN4, IN5, and IN6 time-of-flight spectrometers of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) (Grenoble, France). A modest range of temperatures (283–494 K) has been investigated with neutron wavelengths corresponding to incident neutron energies ranging from 0.57 to 67.6 meV. The neutron-weighted multiphonon spectra deduced from the ILL data indicate a slight overestimation by the MD simulations of the frequency shift and broadening of the librational band. The descriptive power of the composite model was suited for improving the comparison to experiments via Bayesian updating of prior model parameters inferred from MD simulations. The reported posterior temperature-dependent densities of state of hydrogen in H2O would represent valuable insights for studying the collective coupling interactions in the water molecule between the inter- and intramolecular degrees of freedom.
Large age shifts in HIV-1 incidence patterns in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Akullian Adam , Vandormael Alain , Miller Joel C. , Bershteyn Anna , Wenger Edward , Cuadros Diego , Gareta Dickman , Bärnighausen Till , Herbst Kobus , Tanser Frank 
Published: July 2021

Significance
HIV incidence has recently been in decline across some of the most intense epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa due to the scale-up of prevention and transmission-blocking treatments. Understanding whether declines in incidence are being felt equally across age and gender can help prioritize demographic groups where more effort is needed to lower transmission. We found that HIV incidence has declined disproportionately in the youngest men and women in a population with the highest HIV prevalence in the world. Shifts in the age distribution of risk may be the consequence of aging prevalence, prioritized prevention to younger individuals, and delays in age at infection from reduced overall force of infection. Our results highlight the need to expand age targets for HIV prevention.
Temporal compartmentalization of viral infection in bacterial cells
Authors: Labarde Audrey , Jakutyte Lina , Billaudeau Cyrille , Fauler Beatrix , López-Sanz Maria , Ponien Prishila , Jacquet Eric , Mielke Thorsten , Ayora Silvia , Carballido-López Rut , Tavares Paulo 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Virus lytic infection disrupts host cell homeostasis and takes over the cell space for virus multiplication. Viral-induced reorganization of prokaryotic cells must meet the challenge to restructure the cytoplasm open space of a small-sized cell. We discovered that the bacterial siphovirus SPP1 builds two types of independent compartments in the host cytoplasm to confine viral DNA enzymatic reactions and to store viral particles. This spatial partition responds to the requirements for exponential replication of SPP1 genomes and for the assembly of hundreds of viral particles. Its similarities to remodeling of the cell nucleus by herpesviruses led to the hypothesis that ancestral strategies used by viruses to invade the cell space were conserved to infect hosts of different domains of life.
Hypoimmune induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cell therapeutics treat cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in immunocompetent allogeneic mice
Authors: Deuse Tobias , Tediashvili Grigol , Hu Xiaomeng , Gravina Alessia , Tamenang Annika , Wang Dong , Connolly Andrew , Mueller Christian , Mallavia Beñat , Looney Mark R. , Alawi Malik , Lanier Lewis L. , Schrepfer Sonja 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Precise gene editing allows engineering of immune receptors and ligands to reduce the immunogenicity of cells, and strategies for the generation of immune-evasive stem cell sources are currently being developed. This article describes the translational aspect of generating universally transplantable, disease-specific, therapeutic cell products. We provide proof of concept that immune-engineered cells can treat major cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in fully allogeneic subjects without utilizing any immunosuppression. The translational aspect is emphasized by showing improvements in clinically relevant outcome measures, which are widely used in human trials. Depending on the feasibility of large-scale manufacturing of universal cell therapeutics, this approach could enable cost-effective cell therapy.
The GAS6-AXL signaling pathway triggers actin remodeling that drives membrane ruffling, macropinocytosis, and cancer-cell invasion
Authors: Zdżalik-Bielecka Daria , Poświata Agata , Kozik Kamila , Jastrzębski Kamil , Schink Kay Oliver , Brewińska-Olchowik Marta , Piwocka Katarzyna , Stenmark Harald , Miączyńska Marta 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Metastasis remains the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Overactivation of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL has been correlated with cancer invasion and metastasis, resistance to therapies, and poor patient prognosis. However, the cellular processes activated by AXL and its ligand, GAS6, are largely unknown. Here, we identified a proximity interactome of AXL and revealed actin-dependent processes activated by GAS6-AXL, including membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis, that provide insights into the role of AXL in cancer progression. The identified AXL interactors can be used in translational research toward development of effective therapies for metastatic and/or chemoresistant cancers with AXL overactivation. Moreover, our data provide a mechanistic explanation for previous studies reporting that AXL might contribute to macropinocytic uptake of viruses.
Live imaging of remyelination in the adult mouse corpus callosum
Authors: Bottes Sara , Jessberger Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) retain the capacity to remyelinate axons upon demyelinating injury. However, mode of cell division and differentiation dynamics of individual OPCs in deep brain structures, such as the corpus callosum, remains unknown. Using in vivo two-photon imaging in a focal model of demyelination, we show that OPCs undergo several rounds of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions before producing a subset of daughter cells that differentiates into myelinating oligodendrocytes. The data presented here characterize the behavior of OPC clones and delineate the cellular principles that lead to remyelination.
Landscape of innate lymphoid cells in human head and neck cancer reveals divergent NK cell states in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Moreno-Nieves Uriel Y. , Tay Joshua K. , Saumyaa Saumyaa , Horowitz Nina B. , Shin June Ho , Mohammad Imran A. , Luca Bogdan , Mundy David C. , Gulati Gunsagar S. , Bedi Nikita , Chang Serena , Chen Chen , Kaplan Michael J. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Divi Vasu , Baik Fred M. , Sirjani Davud B. , Gentles Andrew J. , Newman Aaron M. , Freud Aharon G. , Sunwoo John B. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
NK cells have been observed to be present within most solid tumors, but the antitumor activity of the intratumoral NK cells has been unclear. In this study, we examined the entire spectrum of innate lymphoid cells within primary human tumors and demonstrate that peripheral NK cells in the tumor microenvironment differentiate into heterogeneous cell states, resulting in either a hyporesponsive NK cell subset or a highly active NK cell phenotype that closely resembles intraepithelial ILC1s and that has potent antitumor properties. Importantly, this differentiation into ieILC1-like cells occurs when NK cells are cocultured with epithelial cells, providing important information for NK cell immunotherapy approaches.
Ciliopathy genes are required for apical secretion of Cochlin, an otolith crystallization factor
Authors: Leventea Eleni , Zhu Zhou , Fang Xiaoming , Nikolaeva Yulia , Markham Eleanor , Hirst Robert A. , van Eeden Fredericus J. M. , Malicki Jarema J. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
We found that genes associated with human ciliopathies modulate apicobasal polarity of secretion. In addition, we showed that this is essential for the function of Cochlin, the protein associated with DFNA9, a human nonsyndromic deafness with vestibular dysfunction. Cochlin is secreted by a group of specialized epithelial cells both apically and basally in the ear. We found that apically secreted Cochlin is essential for proper otolith formation. In this way, we offer a plausible molecular explanation as to why DFNA9 patients suffer from balance disorders. The involvement of cilia genes in polarized secretion is an additional function for this otherwise very well-studied and medically important group of genes.
Identification of simple arylfluorosulfates as potent agents against resistant bacteria
Authors: Zhang Jiong , Zhao Xiangxiang , Cappiello John R. , Yang Yi , Cheng Yunfei , Liu Guang , Fang Wenjing , Luo Yinzhu , Zhang Yu , Dong Jiajia , Zhang Lixin , Sharpless K. Barry 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Excessive use of antibiotics for patient therapy and livestock results in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria into the community is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and financial burden of health care. We constructed a library of SuFEx-derived arylfluorosulfates that demonstrated potent activities in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, these arylfluorosulfate analogs show enhanced potency to disrupt bacterial biofilm as well as kill persisters and have a synergistic effect with clinical bactericidal drugs. This study suggests that arylfluorosulfates derived from SuFEx-based modification of phenols could serve as a convenient strategy to search for bactericidal candidates.
1,2-Difunctionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes: Long–sought-after mimetics for
ortho
/
meta
-substituted arenes
Authors: Zhao Jin-Xin , Chang Yu-Xuan , He Chi , Burke Benjamin J. , Collins Michael R. , Del Bel Matthew , Elleraas Jeff , Gallego Gary M. , Montgomery T. Patrick , Mousseau James J. , Nair Sajiv K. , Perry Matthew A. , Spangler Jillian E. , Vantourout Julien C. , Baran Phil S. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Bioisoteric replacements for aromatic rings to improve medicinal properties are in high demand. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of heretofore-inaccessible 1,2-difunctionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes from both chemical and biological vantage points. This analysis will aid those in drug discovery regarding when the application of such systems makes sense and how to access them in such circumstances.