bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrantes da construção civil em João Pessoa
Authors: Sezyshta Arivaldo J. , Pessoa Verônica 
Published: March 2021

O Serviço Pastoral dos Migrantes (SPM) e o Projeto Escola “Zé Peão” desenvolvem, em parceria, um trabalho junto aos operários da Construção Civil na capital da Paraíba, João Pessoa. Estes, em sua grande maioria, são migrantes, muitos dos quais temporários. Intencionamos relatar aqui, de forma breve, em que consiste o Projeto Escola “Zé Peão”, bem como apontar para a existência de importantes redes de solidariedade detectadas entre os migrantes, as quais tecem e dão sentido às suas existências. Antes, porém, visitaremos um canteiro de obras, mergulhando na história de um personagem chamado Benedito. [...]
Apresentação
Authors: Póvoa Neto Helion , Cutti Dirceu 
Published: March 2021

A presente edição da Travessia – Revista do Migrante traz os temas da resistência cultural e religiosa face ao preconceito e o racismo, da sobrevivência nas condições adversas de crises políticas, das estratégias de sobrevivência de migrantes em contextos urbanos e rurais, e dos desafios trazidos à assistência religiosa e social para imigrantes recém-chegados a um país. Estas poderiam ser arroladas como questões que, nas suas diferentes focalizações geográficas, históricas e temáticas, atravessam as contribuições aqui reunidas. [...]
O capital da esperança: A experiência dos Trabalhadores na construção civil de Brasília
Authors: Dornelas Sidnei Marco 
Published: March 2021

Este livro é o resultado de uma pesquisa para uma dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade de Brasília em 1980, publicada apenas trinta anos depois. De sua leitura percebe-se ainda a vitalidade dos anos 1970, quando se buscava o olhar alternativo das classes subalternas sobre a história, oculto pelo discurso triunfalista da ideologia desenvolvimentista, seja aquele do populismo dos anos 1950, ou do autoritarismo do regime militar dos anos 1970. Este olhar se percebe na ironia do título: o verdadeiro “capital” que ergueu a utópica Brasília é explicitado no resgate da memória dos migrantes, trabalhadores da construção civil, na construção da Capital Federal. Assim, o livro se empenha em dissecar as entranhas do projeto subjacente da modernização conservadora, ao estudar uma forma específica de produção, o “grande projeto”, como totalidade complexa e contraditória em que exploração capitalista predatória e o ufanismo. [...]
OPTIMALISASI PERAN PENGAWAS SEKOLAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU BAHASA INDONESIA KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN
Authors: Miati El , Fussalam Yahfenel Evi , Yelia Yelia 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini melihat peran dan tugas pengawas dalam meningkatkan kompetensi guru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa bagaimana peran pengawas sekolah SMP terhadap optimalisasi kompetensi guru Bahasa Indonesia di SMPN 5 Sarolangun termasuk faktor pendukung dan penghambat pengawasan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan tiga instrumen utama; observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Pengawas sekolah telah berupaya semaksimal mungkin meningkatkan kompetensi guru dengan perencanaan yang baik, kegiatan supervisi (akademik dan manajerial), dan evaluasi pendidikan, meskipun hasil belum efektif terlaksana, (2) beberapa faktor pendukung seperti yang menyebabkan kurang optimalnya peran pengawas sekolah seperti keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana dan rendahnya motivasi guru dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembinaan. Meskipun demikian, sekolah ini juga memiliki faktor pendukung dalam pengawasan dalam bentuk workshop, pelatihan guru, dan kunjungan-kunjungan.
Office-Based Addiction Treatment Retention and Mortality Among People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Fine Danielle R. , Lewis Elizabeth , Weinstock Karen , Wright Joseph , Gaeta Jessie M. , Baggett Travis P. 
Published: March 2021

ImportancePeople experiencing homelessness have been disproportionately affected by the opioid overdose crisis. To mitigate morbidity and mortality, several office-based addiction treatment (OBAT) programs designed for this population have been established across the US, but studies have not yet evaluated their outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate treatment retention and mortality in an OBAT program designed specifically for individuals experiencing homelessness with opioid use disorder (OUD).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP). Participants included all adult patients (N = 1467) who had 1 or more OBAT program encounter at BHCHP from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018. Data analysis was conducted from January 13 to December 14, 2020.ExposuresSociodemographic, clinical, and addiction treatment–related characteristics were abstracted from the BHCHP electronic health record.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality, identified by linkage to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health vital records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate baseline and time-varying variables associated with all-cause mortality. Secondary addiction treatment–related outcomes were abstracted from the electronic health record and included (1) BHCHP OBAT program retention, (2) buprenorphine continuation and adherence verified by toxicology testing, and (3) opioid abstinence verified by toxicology testing.ResultsOf 1467 patients in the cohort, 1046 were men (71.3%) and 731 (49.8%) were non-Hispanic White; mean (SD) age was 42.2 (10.6) years. Continuous retention in the OBAT program was 45.2% at 1 month, 21.7% at 6 months, and 11.3% at 12 months. Continuous buprenorphine adherence was 41.5% at 1 month, 17.6% at 6 months, and 10.2% at 12 months, and continuous opioid abstinence was 28.3% at 1 month, 6.1% at 6 months, and 2.9% at 12 months. The all-cause mortality rate was 29.0 deaths per 1000 person-years, with 51.8% dying from drug overdose. Past-month OBAT program attendance was associated with lower mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.21-0.55).Conclusions and RelevanceMortality rates were high in this cohort of addiction treatment–seeking homeless and unstably housed individuals with OUD. Although continuous OBAT program retention was low, past-month attendance in care was associated with reduced mortality risk. Future work should examine interventions to promote increased OBAT attendance to mitigate morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
Identification of hub lncRNAs in head and neck cancer based on weighted gene co‐expression network analysis and experiments
Authors: Lina Shao 
Published: March 2021

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks as the sixth most common cancer among systemic malignant tumors, with 600 000 new cases occurring every year worldwide. Since HNSCC has high heterogeneity and complex pathogenesis, no effective prognostic indicator has yet been identified. Here, we aimed to identify a lncRNA signature associated with the prognosis of HNSCC as a potential new biomarker. LncRNA expression data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A polygenic risk score model was constructed by using Lasso–Cox regression analysis. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to analyze the co‐expression modules of lncRNAs associated with the prognosis of HNSCC. The robustness of the signature was validated in testing and external cohorts. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression levels of identified lncRNAs in cancer and adjacent tissues. We constructed an 8‐lncRNA signature (LINC00567, LINC00996, MTOR‐AS1, PRKG1‐AS1, RAB11B‐AS1, RPS6KA2‐AS1, SH3BP5‐AS1, ZNF451‐AS1) that could be used as an independent prognostic factor of HNSCC. The signature showed strong robustness and had stable prediction performance in different cohorts. WGCNA results showed that modules related to risk score mainly participated in biological processes such as blood vessel development, positive regulation of catabolic processes, and regulation of growth. The prognostic risk score model based on lncRNA for HNSCC may help clinicians conduct individualized treatment plans.
The pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase of the thermophilic acetogen, Thermoanaerobacter kivui
Authors: Katsyv Alexander , Schoelmerich Marie Charlotte , Basen Mirko , Müller Volker 
Published: March 2021

Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) is a key enzyme in bacterial anaerobic metabolism. Since a low‐potential ferredoxin (Fd2−) is used as electron carrier, PFOR allows for hydrogen evolution during heterotrophic growth as well as pyruvate synthesis during lithoautotrophic growth. The thermophilic acetogenic model bacterium Thermoanaerobacter kivui can use both modes of lifestyle, but the nature of the PFOR in this organism was previously unestablished. Here, we have isolated PFOR to apparent homogeneity from cells grown on glucose. Peptide mass fingerprinting revealed that it is encoded by pfor1. PFOR uses pyruvate as an electron donor and methylene blue (1.8 U·mg−1) and ferredoxin (Fd; 27.2 U·mg−1) as electron acceptors, and the reaction is dependent on thiamine pyrophosphate, pyruvate, coenzyme A, and Fd. The pH and temperature optima were 7.5 and 66 °C, respectively. We detected 13.6 mol of iron·mol of protein−1, consistent with the presence of three predicted [4Fe–4S] clusters. The ability to provide reduced Fd makes PFOR an interesting auxiliary enzyme for enzyme assays. To simplify and speed up the purification procedure, we established a protocol for homologous protein production in T. kivui. Therefore, pfor1 was cloned and expressed in T. kivui and the encoded protein containing a genetically engineered His‐tag was purified in only two steps to apparent homogeneity. The homologously produced PFOR1 had the same properties as the enzyme from T. kivui. The enzyme can be used as auxiliary enzyme in enzymatic assays that require reduced Fd as electron donor, such as electron‐bifurcating enzymes, to keep a constant level of reduced Fd.
Medium Versus High Initial Prednisone Dose for Remission Induction in Lupus Nephritis: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Tselios Konstantinos , Gladman Dafna D. , Al‐Sheikh Haifa , Su Jiandong , Urowitz Murray B. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe existing guidelines for lupus nephritis (LN) recommend initial prednisone doses of 0.3–1.0 mg/kg/day. However, recent studies reported noninferior outcomes with lower doses. The aim of this study was to compare the complete renal response rates in LN patients treated with prednisone ≤30 mg/day or ≥40 mg/day.MethodsPatients with new‐onset LN and standard immunosuppressive treatment were followed for at least 12 months, divided into medium (≤30 mg/day) and high prednisone groups (≥40 mg/day) and matched (propensity score) based on the baseline differences. Complete renal response was defined as proteinuria <0.5 gm/day and no worsening in renal function. Glucocorticoid‐related damage was also assessed.ResultsHigh‐dose prednisone patients (n = 103; mean ± SD dose 48.6 ± 12.3 mg/day) achieved better rates of complete response compared to the medium group (n = 103; mean ± SD dose 24.2 ± 4.6 mg/day) (61.8% versus 38.2%; P = 0.024) at 12 months. The difference in response rates was reproduced for several subgroups (concomitant immunosuppressive treatment, proliferative/nonproliferative LN). Complete remission rates were higher at 2 years (67.8% versus 39%; P = 0.002) and 3 years (64.9% versus 49.1%; P = 0.025) after LN diagnosis. Cumulative glucocorticoid dose was comparable at 2 and 3 years. Glucocorticoid‐related damage was accelerated in both groups for the same period.ConclusionHigher initial prednisone doses (median 45 mg/day) achieved significantly better rates of complete renal response at 12 months in new‐onset LN. Cumulative glucocorticoid dose and damage accrual were not different at 2 and 3 years after LN. Damage was more prominent in the late phases of LN in both groups, underlining the importance of rapid tapering and the need to implement alternative strategies.
Robust Self‐Regeneratable Stiff Living Materials Fabricated from Microbial Cells
Authors: Manjula‐Basavanna Avinash , Duraj‐Thatte Anna M. , Joshi Neel S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLiving systems have not only the exemplary capability to fabricate materials (e.g., wood, bone) under ambient conditions but they also consist of living cells that imbue them with properties like growth and self‐regeneration. Like a seed that can grow into a sturdy living wood, can living cells alone serve as the primary building block to fabricate stiff materials? Here is reported the fabrication of stiff living materials (SLMs) produced entirely from microbial cells, without the incorporation of any structural biopolymers (e.g., cellulose, chitin, collagen) or biominerals (e.g., hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate) that are known to impart stiffness to biological materials. Remarkably, SLMs are also lightweight, strong, and resistant to organic solvents and can self‐regenerate. This living materials technology can serve as a powerful biomanufacturing platform to design and develop advanced structural and cellular materials in a sustainable manner.
Supramolecular Pins with Ultralong Efficient Phosphorescence
Authors: Ma Xin‐Kun , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhixue , Zhang Haoyang , Zhang Bing , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConstructing ultralong organic phosphorescent materials possessing a high quantum yield is challenging. Herein, assemblies of purely organic supramolecular pins composed of alkyl‐bridged phenylpyridinium salts and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) are reported. Different from “one host with two guests” and “head‐to‐tail” binding, the binding formation of supramolecular pins is “one host with one guest” and “head‐to‐head,” which overcomes electrostatic repulsion and promotes intramolecular charge transfer. The supramolecular pin 1/CB[8] displays afterglow with high phosphorescence quantum yield (99.38%) after incorporation into a rigid matrix, which is the highest yield reported to date for phosphorescent materials. Moreover, multicolor photoluminescence can be obtained by different excitation wavelengths and ratios of host to guest. Owing to the redshift of the absorption, the supramolecular pins are applied for targeted phosphorescence imaging of mitochondria. This work will provide a reasonable supramolecular strategy to achieve redshifted and efficient phosphorescence both in the solid state and in aqueous solution.
Graphene Multilayer Photonic Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Lin Han , Lin Keng‐Te , Yang Tieshan , Jia Baohua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGraphene is given high expectation due to their unique properties and advantages and has revolutionized different research fields and leads to enormous applications. However, monolayer graphene shows limited absorption due to the ultrathin thickness, which compromises the optical modulation capability. Therefore, graphene metamaterials consisting of alternatively stacked graphene and dielectric layers or graphene layer combined with conventional metamaterial structures are proposed as artificially structured materials to exploit both graphene's unique material properties and nanostructure capability of metamaterials to achieve strong optical modulations. The recent breakthrough in experimental fabrication of graphene metamaterials, in particular the solution‐based method which allows large‐area fabrication of graphene metamaterials with monolayer‐thickness controllability and nanometer surface roughness, enables extraordinary optical properties and opens various new possibilities both in research and manufacturing. In this comprehensive review, the concept of graphene metamaterials, the unique optical properties, and the enabling fabrication methods are demonstrated. The multifunctionality of graphene metamaterials offer a novel platform for manufacturing innovative optical and photonic devices with the advantages of broad working bandwidth, high efficiency, fast response, tunability, integrability, and low energy consumption. The review provides insights to future innovations for the booming graphene metamaterials and metaphotonic devices in the disciplines of optics, nanophotonics, and optoelectronics.
Non‐Volatile Reconfigurable Integrated Photonics Enabled by Broadband Low‐Loss Phase Change Material
Authors: Fang Zhuoran , Zheng Jiajiu , Saxena Abhi , Whitehead James , Chen Yueyang , Majumdar Arka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) have long been used as a storage medium in rewritable compact disk and later in random access memory. In recent years, integration of PCMs with nanophotonic structures has introduced a new paradigm for non‐volatile reconfigurable optics. However, the high loss of the archetypal PCM Ge2Sb2Te5 in both visible and telecommunication wavelengths has fundamentally limited its applications. Sb2S3 has recently emerged as a wide‐bandgap PCM with transparency windows ranging from 610 nm to near‐IR. In this paper, the strong optical phase modulation and low optical loss of Sb2S3 are experimentally demonstrated for the first time in integrated photonic platforms at both 750 and 1550 nm. As opposed to silicon, the thermo‐optic coefficient of Sb2S3 is shown to be negative, making the Sb2S3–Si hybrid platform less sensitive to thermal fluctuation. Finally, a Sb2S3 integrated non‐volatile microring switch is demonstrated which can be tuned electrically between a high and low transmission state with a contrast over 30 dB. This work experimentally verifies prominent phase modification and low loss of Sb2S3 in wavelength ranges relevant for both solid‐state quantum emitter and telecommunication, enabling potential applications such as optical field programmable gate array, post‐fabrication trimming, and large‐scale integrated quantum photonic network.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Properties of Trioxoazatriangulene Derivatives Modified with Electron Donating Groups
Authors: Tsuchiya Youichi , Ishikawa Yuma , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Chen Xian‐Kai , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the aim of achieving high‐performance thermally activated delayed fluorescence, a series of trioxoazatriangulene derivatives are systematically developed by modifying the donor substituents. The emission colors are shifted from green to greenish‐yellow and to yellow with rather broad spectral widths of 70–95 nm by introducing carbazole, triphenylamine, or diphenylamine donor units, indicating that each emission originates from a charge‐transfer transition. On the other hand, the trioxoazatriangulene modified with three diphenylamines shows orange emission with a narrow emission spectrum (45 nm), suggesting that the transition mainly originates from a multiple resonance effect.
Eco‐Friendly Nanoplatforms for Crop Quality Control, Protection, and Nutrition
Authors: Wang Chao‐Yi , Yang Jie , Qin Jian‐Chun , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAgricultural chemicals have been widely utilized to manage pests, weeds, and plant pathogens for maximizing crop yields. However, the excessive use of these organic substances to compensate their instability in the environment has caused severe environmental consequences, threatened human health, and consumed enormous economic costs. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of these agricultural chemicals, one strategy that attracted researchers is to design novel eco‐friendly nanoplatforms. To date, numerous advanced nanoplatforms with functional components have been applied in the agricultural field, such as silica‐based materials for pesticides delivery, metal/metal oxide nanoparticles for pesticides/mycotoxins detection, and carbon nanoparticles for fertilizers delivery. In this review, the synthesis, applications, and mechanisms of recent eco‐friendly nanoplatforms in the agricultural field, including pesticides and mycotoxins on‐site detection, phytopathogen inactivation, pest control, and crops growth regulation for guaranteeing food security, enhancing the utilization efficiency of agricultural chemicals and increasing crop yields are highlighted. The review also stimulates new thinking for improving the existing agricultural technologies, protecting crops from biotic and abiotic stress, alleviating the global food crisis, and ensuring food security. In addition, the challenges to overcome the constrained applications of functional nanoplatforms in the agricultural field are also discussed.
Structure Prototype Outperforming MXenes in Stability and Performance in Metal‐Ion Batteries: A High Throughput Study
Authors: Sun Minglei , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile the MXene Ti3C2 is well known for its extraordinary material properties with wide applications, it is demonstrated here that it is not the most stable 2D titanium carbide. Evolutionary search and first‐principles calculations are employed to predict for Ti3C3 a novel structure prototype with P4/mmm symmetry and tetragonal sandwich structure. The cohesive energy, phonon dispersion, and melting point demonstrate high stability of Ti3C3. The mechanical properties are found to be even better than those of graphene in terms of Young's modulus and fracture strength. The metallicity of Ti3C3 indicates potential in metal‐ion batteries. The diffusion barriers for Li, Na, K, and Ca atoms are found to be as low as 0.15, 0.04, 0.002 (record among the known 2D materials), and 0.14 eV, respectively, suggesting the possibility to realize fast charge and discharge. Importantly, the discovered structure prototype gives rise to a whole family of 2D materials. For example, six thermally and dynamically stable materials with metallic properties, Ti3X3 (X = B, Si, Ge, N, P, and As) are identified. The family is promising not only in the fields of nano‐mechanics and metal‐ion batteries but also can guide the search for further 2D structure prototypes.
Creating New Battery Configuration Associated with the Functions of Primary and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Hao , Cao Zhenjiang , Gu Jianan , Cui Yanglansen , Zhang Yongzheng , Zhao Zehua , Cheng Zongju , Zhao Qi , Li Bin , Yang Shubin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the primary lithium/fluorinated graphite battery has a high energy density of 3725 Wh kg−1, its complete irreversibility based on a conversion reaction between Li and fluorinated graphite hampers wide applications in rechargeable systems. Here, a new rechargeable three‐electrode battery configuration involving lithium, fluorinated graphite, and sulfur electrodes is developed, in which the initial middle‐fluorinated graphite cathode can be electrochemically transformed into a hybrid lithium anode, showing a low overpotential (12 mV), long cycle life (2000 h) and good deep stripping/plating features. This rechargeable battery delivers a high gravimetric energy density of 507.7 Wh kg−1 on the basis of the total mass of the three‐electrode materials. Moreover, the excessive consumption of lithium in the system can be in situ replenished, further lengthening the lifespan.