bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychische Belastung durch weibliche Genitalverstümmelung:
Eine explorative Untersuchung im Rahmen einer medizinischen
Sprechstunde
Authors: Wulfes Nele , Kröhl Nadine , Strunz Cornelia , von Fritschen Uwe , Scherer Roland , Kröger Christoph 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungBei der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (englisch female genital
mutilation, FGM) werden die äußeren Genitalien ohne
medizinischen Grund und ohne Mitspracherecht der betroffenen Mädchen
beschädigt oder entfernt. Häufig geht diese Prozedur mit
erheblichen Konsequenzen für die physische und psychische Gesundheit
einher. Rekonstruktive chirurgische Maßnahmen können die
Beschwerden der Betroffenen lindern. Anhand einer explorativen Untersuchung
von N=97 Frauen, die an einem medizinischen
Beratungsgespräch zur rekonstruktiven Operation teilnahmen, wurden
die besonderen Charakteristika dieser Stichprobe deskriptiv analysiert,
Gründe der Inanspruchnahme einer rekonstruktiven Operation erfragt,
sowie das Wissen der Patientinnen über ihren Beschneidungstyp mit
der medizinischen Diagnose verglichen. Bei 56,7% (n=55) der
Untersuchten lag der Verdacht einer PTBS vor. Keine Schmerzen mehr zu haben
war der am häufigsten genannte Grund für eine Operation
(45,4%; n=44). Die Übereinstimmung zwischen dem
Wissen der Patientinnen über den Beschneidungstyp und dem
ärztlichen Urteil fiel gering aus (κ=0,09). Bei
physischer und psychischer Belastung sollten Frauen nach FGM neben
chirurgischen Maßnahmen auch psychotherapeutisch betreut werden.
Psychotherapeutische Interventionen im Kontext von FGM müssen
evaluiert werden. Längsschnittstudien sind hierfür
unabdingbar.
Experience with Low-Dose Sodium Valproate in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Patients: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study on Selective Cohort from North India
Authors: Goel Deepak , Mittal Manish 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is found in 20 to 30% of all patients presenting with seizures. Most of the patients require lifelong drug treatment. Efficacy and tolerability are important issues while selecting the most appropriate drug for a person with IGE.

Objective The aim of this study was to look for usefulness of small dose valproate (<1,000 mg/day) in long-term treatment of IGE patients.

Methods Diagnosis of IGE made with standard criteria among all patients presenting with seizures. Patients put on full doses of valproate (>1,000 mg/day) in first year, then reduction started in next year in patients with full seizure remission, and finally maintained on lowest possible dose of valproate. Lowest dose was defined as the minimum dose without seizures (between 200 and 900 mg/day). Patients, who were refractory on monotherapy, were put on add-on drug and followed for remission and reduction in doses of valproate at minimum possible dose.

Results IGE was diagnosed in 21% of all patients presenting with seizures. Among 420 patients of IGE 368 (87.5%) were started on high-dose valproate monotherapy, 155 (42.1%) were responsive to single drug while 213 (57.9%) had been given add-on drug either lamotrigine or clonazepam or both. After minimum 3-year follow-up, 298 (81%) could be managed on low-dose valproate (<1,000 mg) without any relapse during 12 to 80 months follow-up.

Conclusion Significant number of patients with IGE can be managed on low-dose valproate with good seizure control and less side effects.
Small-molecule endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis regulator acts as a broad-spectrum inhibitor of dengue and Zika virus infections
Authors: Almasy Katherine M. , Davies Jonathan P. , Lisy Samantha M. , Tirgar Reyhaneh , Tran Sirena C. , Plate Lars 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Viral infections continue to pose a grave global health threat, necessitating the development of new broadly applicable therapeutic strategies, including the targeting of conserved host processes that are exploited during viral infections. Flaviviruses, such as dengue and Zika, depend on extensive engagement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis network to aid with replication, production, and secretion of virions. Here, we identify a host-centered antiviral approach by targeting these conserved ER protein quality-control processes that are required for viral infection. We find that the small-molecule regulator of ER proteostasis 147 can broadly and safely inhibit dengue and Zika infection without inducing toxicity to the host cells.
Genomic evolution of antibiotic resistance is contingent on genetic background following a long-term experiment with
Escherichia coli
Authors: Card Kyle J. , Thomas Misty D. , Graves Joseph L. , Barrick Jeffrey E. , Lenski Richard E. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
A fundamental question in evolution is the repeatability of adaptation. Will independently evolving populations respond similarly when facing the same environmental challenge? This question also has important public-health implications related to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. For example, efforts to control resistance might benefit from accurately predicting mutational paths to resistance. However, this goal is complicated when a lineage’s prior history alters its subsequent evolution. We recently found that differences between genetic backgrounds can lead to unpredictable responses in phenotypic resistance. Here, we report that genetic background can similarly alter genotypic paths to resistance. This historical contingency underscores the importance of accounting for stochasticity, in the past as well as at present, when designing evolutionarily informed treatment strategies.
Physiological role of the 3′IgH CBEs super-anchor in antibody class switching
Authors: Zhang Xuefei , Yoon Hye Suk , Chapdelaine-Williams Aimee M. , Kyritsis Nia , Alt Frederick W. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
B lymphocytes change antibody heavy chain (IgH) isotypes by a recombination/deletion process called IgH class switch recombination (CSR). CSR involves introduction of DNA breaks into a donor switch (S) region and also into one of six downstream S regions, with joining of the breaks changing antibody isotype. A chromatin super-anchor, of unknown function, is located just downstream of the IgH locus. We show that complete deletion of this super-anchor variably decreases CSR to most S regions and creates an ectopic S region downstream of IgH locus that undergoes aberrant CSR-driven chromosomal rearrangements. Based on these and other findings, we conclude that the super-anchor downstream of IgH is a critical insulator for focusing potentially dangerous CSR rearrangements to the IgH locus.
Biotechnology.
Authors: Gosal Satbir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Biotechnology is the fusion of biology and technology. It changes and improves the characteristics of an organism at a cellular and molecular level for the benefit of mankind. Unlike conventional plant breeding methods, biotechnological techniques operate at tissue, cell, protoplast and molecular level for the genetic modification and subsequent screening for superior genotypes (Gosal et al., 2010). Biotechnology in a broad sense has been practiced for centuries for curd making, food preservation, pickle making and fermentation. However, biotechnology got a boost during the 1970s with the discovery of restriction enzymes, which led to the development of a variety of gene technologies; it is thus considered to be the greatest scientific revolution of the 20th century.
What Is Slowing Us Down? Six Challenges to Accelerating Advances in Health Behavior Change
Authors: Rothman Alexander J , Sheeran Paschal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccelerating advances in health behavior change requires releasing the brake, as well as applying the throttle. This paper discusses six challenges or “brakes” that have slowed progress.Purpose/Methods/ResultsWe engage with six issues that limit investigators’ ability to delineate and test the strategy–target and target–behavior relations that underlie effective interventions according to the experimental medicine approach. We discuss the need for guidance on how to identify the relevant mechanism of action (target) in an intervention and whether a periodic table of health behavior constructs might aid investigators. Experimental and correlational analyses (prospective surveys and behavior change techniques) have been used to test the validity of targets, and we present evidence that there is little agreement among the findings from different research designs. Whereas target engagement is typically analyzed in terms of increasing scores on constructs that impel behavior change, we discuss the role of impeding targets and the benefits of adopting a broader construal of potential targets and approaches to engagement. There is presently a paucity of competitive tests regarding which strategies best engage targets and we discuss empirical criteria and conceptual developments that could enhance the evidence base. Finally, we highlight the need to take “context” or conditional intervention effects more seriously by leveraging the interplay between questions about why interventions work and questions about when and for whom they work.ConclusionCandid appraisal of the challenges facing research on health behavior change can generate new opportunities for theoretical development and offer direction and cumulative impetus for empirical work.
Contribution of Sleep Disruption and Sedentary Behavior to Fatigue in Survivors of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant
Authors: Nelson Ashley M , Hyland Kelly A , Small Brent , Kennedy Brittany , Mishra Asmita , Hoogland Aasha I , Bulls Hailey W , Jim Heather S L , Jacobsen Paul B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Fatigue is a prominent quality of life concern among recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

Purpose
The present study investigated whether objectively measured sleep efficiency and sedentary behavior are related to greater reports of fatigue.

Methods
Eighty-two allogeneic HCT recipients who were 1–5 years post-transplant and returning for a follow-up visit participated (age M = 56, 52% female, 56% leukemia). They wore an actigraph assessing sleep efficiency and sedentary behavior for one week and completed an electronic log assessing fatigue each evening during the same period.

Results
Twenty-six percent of patients reported clinically meaningful fatigue. On average, fatigue was mild (M = 2.5 on 0–10 scale, SD = 2.0), sleep was disturbed (sleep efficiency M = 78.9%, SD = 8.9), and patients spent the majority of time in sedentary (M = 55.4%, SD = 10.2) or light (M = 35.9%, SD = 8.6) activity. Multilevel model analysis of between-person differences indicated that patients who experienced less efficient sleep the previous evening provided greater evening reports of average fatigue, b = –0.06, 95% CI (–0.11, –0.01). Similarly, within-person analyses indicated that when patients experienced less efficient sleep the previous evening or were more sedentary as compared to their average, they provided greater evening reports of average fatigue, b = –0.02, 95% CI (–0.05, –0.004); b = 4.46, 95% CI (1.95, 6.97), respectively.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrate that poor sleep and daily sedentary behavior are related to evening reports of fatigue and should be considered modifiable targets for intervention.
Bioactive 3D structures of naturally occurring peptides and their application in drug design
Authors: Masuda Yuichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Naturally occurring peptides form unique 3D structures, which are critical for their bioactivities. To gain useful insights into drug design, the relationship between the 3D structure and bioactivity of the peptides has been studied. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the 42-residue amyloid β-protein (Aβ42) suggested the presence of toxic conformers with a turn structure at positions 22 and 23 in the aggregates. Antibodies specific to this turn structure could be utilized for immunotherapy and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Solution NMR analysis of apratoxin A, a cyclic depsipeptide with potent cytotoxicity, proposed an accurate structural model with an important bend structure, which led to the development of highly active mimetics. X-ray crystal analysis of PF1171F, a cyclic hexapeptide with insecticidal activity, indicated the formation of 4 intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which play an important role in cell membrane permeability of PF1171F.
Concise synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of benzo[g][1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]indol-6(13H)-ones (BBPIs), topoisomerase I inhibitors based on the marine alkaloid lamellarin
Authors: Ishibashi Fumito , Fukuda Tsutomu , Zha Shijiao , Hashirano Aya , Hirao Shotaro , Iwao Masatomo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Benzo[g][1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]indol-6(13H)-ones (BBPIs) are potent anticancer compounds having unique BBPIs ring system designed on the basis of the marine natural product lamellarin D. In this study, we describe an alternative synthesis of a 2-demethoxy series of BBPIs, employing van Leusen pyrrole synthesis and an intramolecular Heck reaction as the key reactions. Cytotoxicity of the derivatives against several cancer and normal cell lines is reported.
Ribosome occupancy profiles are conserved between structurally and evolutionarily related yeast domains
Authors: Nissley Daniel A , Carbery Anna , Chonofsky Mark , Deane Charlotte M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Protein synthesis is a non-equilibrium process, meaning that the speed of translation can influence the ability of proteins to fold and function. Assuming that structurally similar proteins fold by similar pathways, the profile of translation speed along an mRNA should be evolutionarily conserved between related proteins to direct correct folding and downstream function. The only evidence to date for such conservation of translation speed between homologous proteins has used codon rarity as a proxy for translation speed. There are, however, many other factors including mRNA structure and the chemistry of the amino acids in the A- and P-sites of the ribosome that influence the speed of amino acid addition.

Results
Ribosome profiling experiments provide a signal directly proportional to the underlying translation times at the level of individual codons. We compared ribosome occupancy profiles (extracted from five different large-scale yeast ribosome profiling studies) between related protein domains to more directly test if their translation schedule was conserved. Our analysis reveals that the ribosome occupancy profiles of paralogous domains tend to be significantly more similar to one another than to profiles of non-paralogous domains. This trend does not depend on domain length, structural classes, amino acid composition or sequence similarity. Our results indicate that entire ribosome occupancy profiles and not just rare codon locations are conserved between even distantly related domains in yeast, providing support for the hypothesis that translation schedule is conserved between structurally related domains to retain folding pathways and facilitate efficient folding.

Availability and implementation
Python3 code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/DanNissley/Compare-ribosome-occupancy.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
EARRINGS: an efficient and accurate adapter trimmer entails no a priori adapter sequences
Authors: Wang Ting-Hsuan , Huang Cheng-Ching , Hung Jui-Hung 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Cross-sample comparisons or large-scale meta-analyses based on the next generation sequencing (NGS) involve replicable and universal data preprocessing, including removing adapter fragments in contaminated reads (i.e. adapter trimming). While modern adapter trimmers require users to provide candidate adapter sequences for each sample, which are sometimes unavailable or falsely documented in the repositories (such as GEO or SRA), large-scale meta-analyses are therefore jeopardized by suboptimal adapter trimming.

Results
Here we introduce a set of fast and accurate adapter detection and trimming algorithms that entail no a priori adapter sequences. These algorithms were implemented in modern C++ with SIMD and multithreading to accelerate its speed. Our experiments and benchmarks show that the implementation (i.e. EARRINGS), without being given any hint of adapter sequences, can reach comparable accuracy and higher throughput than that of existing adapter trimmers. EARRINGS is particularly useful in meta-analyses of a large batch of datasets and can be incorporated in any sequence analysis pipelines in all scales.

Availability and implementation
EARRINGS is open-source software and is available at https://github.com/jhhung/EARRINGS.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SeeCiTe: a method to assess CNV calls from SNP arrays using trio data
Authors: Lavrichenko Ksenia , Helgeland Øyvind , Njølstad Pål R , Jonassen Inge , Johansson Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays remain an attractive platform for assaying copy number variants (CNVs) in large population-wide cohorts. However, current tools for calling CNVs are still prone to extensive false positive calls when applied to biobank scale arrays. Moreover, there is a lack of methods exploiting cohorts with trios available (e.g. nuclear family) to assist in quality control and downstream analyses following the calling.

Results
We developed SeeCiTe (Seeing CNVs in Trios), a novel CNV-quality control tool that postprocesses output from current CNV-calling tools exploiting child-parent trio data to classify calls in quality categories and provide a set of visualizations for each putative CNV call in the offspring. We apply it to the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and show that SeeCiTe improves the specificity and sensitivity compared to the common empiric filtering strategies. To our knowledge, it is the first tool that utilizes probe-level CNV data in trios (and singletons) to systematically highlight potential artifacts and visualize signal intensities in a streamlined fashion suitable for biobank scale studies.

Availability and implementation
The software is implemented in R with the source code freely available at https://github.com/aksenia/SeeCiTe

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Morphological and performance modifications in the world’s only marine lizard, the Galápagos marine iguana,Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Authors: Berry Kate A , Muñoz-Pérez Juan Pablo , Vintimilla-Palacios Cristina P , Clemente Christofer J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), the world’s only extant marine lizard, may have had one of the most unique and challenging transitions to aquatic life. Curiously, previous studies have identified relatively few physiological adaptations in the marine iguana; however, little is known about the extent of morphological specialization and performance trade-offs associated with the marine environment. By examining the morphology and locomotory performance of the marine iguana in comparison to their closely related mainland ancestors, the black spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis) and green iguana (Iguana iguana), we found variation reflected specialization to ecological niches. However, variation was more pronounced among subspecies of marine iguana, suggesting that little morphological or performance modification is required for iguanids to successfully invade aquatic environments, thus raising the question why there are so few extant aquatic reptilian lineages. Our findings indicate that specialization for the marine environment likely resulted in a trade-off in sprint speed in a terrestrial environment, which may explain why other lizards have not undergone transitions to the marine environment. Additionally, we found that the magnitude of morphological and performance variation was more pronounced between subspecies of marine iguana than between iguanid species. This illustrates that the form-function relationship is more complex than previously thought and sheds light on the ecomorphological mysteries of the marine iguana.
Toxicant effects on mammalian oocyte mitochondria†
Authors: Malott Kelli F , Luderer Ulrike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOocyte mitochondria are unique organelles that establish a founder population in primordial germ cells (PGCs). As the oocyte matures in the postnatal mammalian ovary during folliculogenesis it increases exponentially in volume, and the oocyte mitochondria population proliferates to about 100 000 mitochondria per healthy, mature murine oocyte. The health of the mature oocyte and subsequent embryo is highly dependent on the oocyte mitochondria. Mitochondria are especially sensitive to toxic insults, as they are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), they contain their own DNA (mtDNA) that is unprotected by histone proteins, they contain the electron transport chain that uses electron donors, including oxygen, to generate ATP, and they are important sensors for overall cellular stress. Here we review the effects that toxic insults including chemotherapeutics, toxic metals, plasticizers, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and ionizing radiation can have on oocyte mitochondria. This is very clearly a burgeoning field, as our understanding of oocyte mitochondria and metabolism is still relatively new, and we contend much more research is needed to understand the detrimental impacts of exposure to toxicants on oocyte mitochondria. Developing this field further can benefit our understanding of assisted reproductive technologies and the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).
Casting Light on the Distinctive Contribution of Social Work in Multidisciplinary Teams for Older People
Authors: Willis Paul , Lloyd Liz , Hammond Jackie , Milne Alisoun , Nelson-Becker Holly , Perry Emma , Ray Mo , Richards Sally , Tanner Denise 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The current policy emphasis in adult social care in England is on promoting independence, preventing or delaying the need for more intensive support and the provision of personalised services. However, there is little evidence available on how social workers (SWs) identify and meet the complex needs of older service users in practice. In this article, we present findings from a study of innovative social work practice with older adults in England (2018–2019). We present five case studies of social care and integrated services in which SWs are integral team members. Twenty-one individuals participated in interviews; this included service managers and practitioners with social work backgrounds, and other professionals, including nurses and occupational therapists. Specific practices contributing to innovative service delivery included: the strong demonstration of social work values influencing the practice of multidisciplinary teams; positive risk management; importance of timing and ensuring continuity of relationships; and, the proactive application of legal knowledge to promote older people’s rights. While some of these features can be seen as returning to the ‘heart’ of social work, we argue that they are promising in forging new paths for social work with older people that turn away from more managerialist- and procedurally driven approaches.