bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confined batch foaming of semi‐crystalline rubbery elastomers with carbon dioxide using a mold
Authors: Sarver Joseph A. , Sumey Jenna L. , Whitfield Richard M. , Kiran Erdogan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConfined foaming of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐carbon monoxide) using carbon dioxide as a physical blowing agent in a mold with either permeable or impermeable boundaries has been explored as a strategy to control final foam dimensions and morphology. The results are discussed in terms of comparisons to free‐foaming experiments conducted at the same pressure and temperature conditions following the same pressurization and depressurization paths. Foaming experiments were carried out at 30 and 40°C and 100, 200, and 300 bar followed by rapid depressurization of the foaming cell. Confined foaming led to smaller pores with more uniform distributions across the polymer cross‐section. However, bulk foam densities of the foams generated under confinement were higher than those generated under the free‐foaming mode. Surface characteristics and skin layer formation were altered by expansion against both the permeable and impermeable boundaries. Confined foaming promotes uniform pore distribution and overall dimensional uniformity and may impart surface texture but the trade‐off is in the degree to which the bulk foam density can be lowered.
Working Principle of an Ionic Liquid Interlayer During Pressureless Lithium Stripping on Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Garnet‐Type Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Fuchs Till , Mogwitz Boris , Otto Svenja‐Katharina , Passerini Stefano , Richter Felix H. , Janek Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid‐state‐batteries employing lithium metal anodes promise high theoretical energy and power densities. However, morphological instability occurring at the lithium/solid–electrolyte interface when stripping and plating lithium during cell cycling needs to be mitigated. Vacancy diffusion in lithium metal is not sufficiently fast to prevent pore formation at the interface above a certain current density during stripping. Applied pressure of several MPa can prevent pore formation, but this is not conducive to practical application. This work investigates the concept of ionic liquids as “self‐adjusting” interlayers to compensate morphological changes of the lithium anode while avoiding the use of external pressure. A clear improvement of the lithium dissolution process is observed as it is possible to continuously strip more than 70 μm lithium (i. e., 15 mAh cm−2 charge) without the need for external pressure during assembly and electrochemical testing of the system. The impedance of the investigated electrodes is analyzed in detail, and contributions of the different interfaces are evaluated. The conclusions are corroborated with morphology studies using cryo‐FIB‐SEM and chemical analysis using XPS. This improves the understanding of the impedance response and lithium stripping in electrodes employing liquid interlayers, acting as a stepping‐stone for future optimization.
Sulfur Transfer Melt Infiltration for High‐Power Carbon Nanotube Sheets in Lithium‐Sulfur Pouch Cells
Authors: Boenke Tom , Härtel Paul , Dörfler Susanne , Abendroth Thomas , Schwotzer Friedrich , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong next‐generation battery systems, the lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) technology is attracting increasing attention driven by the low active material costs, high theoretical specific energy, and promising progress made in terms of its technology readiness level (TRL) in the recent years. However, the power density, especially in prototype cells, is an often neglected parameter being crucial for future application sectors. In this work, the cathode is redesigned by introducing a scalable, non‐toxic, and homogeneous sulfur impregnation process for free‐standing carbon scaffolds and tailorable sulfur areal loading. This novel sulfur transfer melt infiltration is exemplarily applied to process carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based Li−S cathode structures, but as a generic and scalable methodology is highly versatile. We demonstrate the development for CNT Buckypaper (BP) and CNT powder‐based dry transfer electrodes (DryFilm) as cathode host structures with the highly polysulfide (PS) solvating electrolyte system DME/DOL. In order to evaluate the practicability for high power application, the redesigned CNT BP cathode system with varying sulfur contents is employed in multi‐layered pouch cell format with 4 μL mgS−1 for reduced electrolyte conditions. Additionally, first pouch cells with circular perforated aluminum current collector enable 80 % weight savings of passive cathode material without compromising cell performance for free‐standing thin‐film cathodes. This study is an important step towards the development of lightweight Li−S cells for high power applications, such as drones or high altitude satellites.
The University of Wisconsin Flexible Option is an effective model to prepare students for a recovering economy
Authors: Specht‐Boardman Ryan , Chalasani Suresh , Kostka Kim , Kite Laura , Brower Aaron 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 has accelerated changes that were already underway in the American economy, such as the increasing displacement of workers by automation, the exponential evolution of industries due to technical advancements (the Fourth Industrial Revolution), and a widening skills gap and attainment deficit in the American workforce. As a result, adult workers and their employers will increasingly demand efficient, reputable, and customizable pathways to quickly reskill and upskill. This paper will use the UW Flexible Option as a case study for how traditional universities can build competency‐based programs to help adults rapidly meet changing workforce needs. The UW Flexible Option's design is an exemplar of wrap‐around support services; a flexible academic calendar; integrated and efficient curriculum design; effective assessment of competence against articulated learning outcomes; project‐based learning tied to workplace competencies; and tuition policies and financial aid delivery tailored to adult learners. The design will be explored through a case study of one of our programs, the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Massive economic change will soon displace workers on a scale not yet seen, and higher education has a responsibility to ensure those individuals get back into the workforce with the appropriate skills. Institutions of higher education will need to innovate to rise to the occasion, and competency‐based education is one such pathway.
The best option to treat transplant recipients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Postalian Alexander , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: March 2021

Key Points
Solid‐organ transplant recipients have a unique surgical risk profile. The elevated risk of perioperative complications in these patients makes TAVR a particularly attractive option when aortic stenosis treatment is needed.
The authors report that TAVR is associated with fewer complications in transplant patients, including lower mortality, than open surgery.
These data are welcome, as they assist our collective effort in choosing safe and effective therapeutic options in special patient groups.
“PROGRESS is our most important product”: Adventures in CTO intervention
Authors: Patel Nachiket J. , Heuser Richard R. 
Published: March 2021

Key Points
Antegrade wire escalation remains the most common chronic total occlusions (CTO) crossing strategy.
Polymer‐jacketed guidewires and torquable microcatheters are most commonly used for CTO‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Use of guidewires and microcatheters are evolving with improvements in technology.
Pre‐transfer/PCI with ticagrelor and heparin administration in STEMI patients may be beneficial but should we do more?
Authors: Smalling Richard W. 
Published: March 2021

Key Points
Ticagrelor and heparin administration to STEMI patients 80 min prior to PCI center arrival resulted in an improved incidence of TIMI 2–3 flow in the infarct related artery (IRA) compared with patients treated just prior to PCI.
In the patients treated with pre‐PCI center ticagrelor and heparin, there was a lower incidence of definite stent thrombosis without an apparent bleeding penalty.
Despite improved IRA T2–3 flow pre‐PCI in the pre‐hospital patients, there was no improvement in in‐hospital mortality (3.5 vs. 3.1%) or post‐PCI ST segment resolution.
An unusual case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with trisomy 12 presenting with prolymphocytic transformation and t(8;21)(q22;q22)
Authors: Bhushan Mishi , Kumar Kirthi R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFirst report of t(8;21)(q22;q22) in a patient with CLL. RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 fusion gene resulting from the translocation may have played a role in the prolymphocytic transformation.
Anemia‐induced liver injury: A rare case revealing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Zaimi Yosra , Ayari Myriam , Mensi Asma , Chelbi Emna , Ayadi Shema , Said Yosra , Mouelhi Leila , Debbeche Radhouane 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHypoxic hepatitis may occur due to hemodynamic mechanisms of hypoxia secondary to anemia without any context of reduced blood flow, respiratory failure, or shock state. Etiology of anemia should be investigated in order to avoid recurrence.
Evidence for disseminated tumor cells in lymphatic vessels afferent to sentinel lymph nodes in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer
Authors: Younes Shadi , Kaufmann Andreas M. , Häfner Norman , Beer Katrin , Jansen Lars , Sanft Juliane , Mall Gita , Koops Susan , Dürst Matthias , Schneider Achim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn patients diagnosed with cervical cancer, the purpose of lymphadenectomy is the removal of lymph nodes for diagnosis and potential treatment of metastasized tumor cells. It is unclear if afferent lymphatic vessels harbor tumor cells and, thus, may pose additional risk for recurrence or progression if not removed.AimIn this feasibility study, we analyzed the lymphatic vessels afferent to sentinel lymph node (SLN) using a highly sensitive and specific molecular marker for cervical cancer cells.Methods and ResultsTwenty patients diagnosed with cervical cancer of FIGO stage IA1 to IIB2 underwent laparoscopic SLN removal. Labeling was done using patent blue and the afferent lymphatic vessels were harvested from the parametric tissue and frozen at −80°C. HPV DNA type was evaluated in the primary tumor. Lymphatic vessels afferent to the sentinel lymph nodes were analyzed for the presence of viral oncogene transcripts of the respective HPV type. In one of 18 patients, all with tumor stage ≤IBI and pN0 by conventional histopathology, HPV mRNA could be detected in two of four lymphatic vessels, whereas at least one of the lymphatic vessel biopsies of both patients with tumors ˃4 cm and pN1 status was HPV mRNA positive. No clinical correlation with recurrence after a median follow‐up of 9 years was noticed.ConclusionHPV mRNA indicative of disseminated tumor cells could be detected in lymphatic vessels. The relevance of harvesting lymphatic vessels afferent to SLN in order to increase oncologic safety will have to be investigated in a future prospective study.
Outage analysis of cognitive non‐orthogonal multiple access downlink system with secondary source selection in Nakagami‐m fading environment
Authors: M Sashiganth , S.J Thiruvengadam , D Sriram Kumar 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCognitive inspired non‐orthogonal multiple access (Cognitive‐NOMA) technique allows multiple primary and secondary users to utilize the same time and frequency resources to explore the reliability and spectral efficient requirements of 5G communication networks. In this paper Cognitive‐NOMA downlink system with multiple secondary source (SS) nodes is proposed. An optimal SS node is selected based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) requirements of both near and far primary users and the secondary user node. Each optimal SS node incorporates simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and full‐duplex technique to harvest energy and transceiver operation. Analytical outage probability expressions of the proposed system are derived over Nakagami‐m fading environment with the assumption that SS transmission links are correlated. Numerical results infer that the outage performance of the proposed system depends on the number of SS nodes, self‐interference at the SS node, and the SINR constraint for the selection of optimal SS node.
While shoot herbivores reduce, root herbivores increase nutrient enrichment’s impact on diversity in a grassland model
Authors: Crawford Michael S. , Schlägel Ulrike E. , May Felix , Wurst Susanne , Grimm Volker , Jeltsch Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNutrient enrichment is widespread throughout grassland systems and expected to increase during the Anthropocene. Trophic interactions, like aboveground herbivory, have been shown to mitigate its effect on plant diversity. Belowground herbivory may also impact these habitats’ response to nutrient enrichment, but its influence is much less understood, and likely to depend on factors such as the herbivores’ preference for dominant species and the symmetry of belowground competition. If preferential toward the dominant, fastest growing species, root herbivores may reduce these species’ relative fitness and support diversity during nutrient enrichment. However, as plant competition belowground is commonly considered to be symmetric, root herbivores may be less impactful than shoot herbivores because they do not reduce any competitive asymmetry between the dominant and subordinate plants. To better understand this system, we used an established, two‐layer, grassland community model to run a full‐factorially designed simulation experiment, crossing the complete removal of aboveground herbivores and belowground herbivores with nutrient enrichment. After 100 yr of simulation, we analyzed communities' diversity, competition on the individual level, as well as their resistance and recovery. The model reproduced both observed general effects of nutrient enrichment in grasslands and the short‐term trends of specific experiments. We found that belowground herbivores exacerbate the negative influence of nutrient enrichment on Shannon diversity within our model grasslands, while aboveground herbivores mitigate its effect. Indeed, data on individuals’ above‐ and belowground resource uptake reveals that root herbivory reduces resource limitation belowground. As with nutrient enrichment, this shifts competition aboveground. Since shoot competition is asymmetric, with larger, taller individuals gathering disproportionate resources compared to their smaller, shorter counterparts, this shift promotes the exclusion of the smallest species. While increasing the root herbivores’ preferences toward dominant species lessens their negative impact, at best they are only mildly advantageous, and they do very little reduce the negative consequences of nutrient enrichment. Because our model’s belowground competition is symmetric, we hypothesize that root herbivores may be beneficial when root competition is asymmetric. Future research into belowground herbivory should account for the nature of competition belowground to better understand the herbivores’ true influence.
A review of methods for determining structural fire severity—Part I: A historical perspective
Authors: MacIntyre Jonathon D. , Abu Anthony K. , Moss Peter J. , Nilsson Daniel , Wade Colleen A. 
Published: March 2021

Summary
There is a risk of a building suffering unsustainable structural damage in the event of a large fire. Therefore, it is necessary to design buildings to withstand expected fires. A widely used simplified calculation method is the so‐called ‘time‐equivalence’ method. There are significant concerns about the suitability of this method. This paper is Part I of a twofold study examining the state of the art of time‐equivalence methods. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed background of the development of time‐equivalence methods since its first introduction in 1928 and to provide an initial high‐level assessment of the accuracy of these methods. A simple scoring system is used to assess the methods based on the accuracy of the analysis techniques used in their derivation. The study revealed that most methods do not account well for structural system response to fire exposure. While some time‐equivalence methods do yield accurate results, further analysis is required to fully assess their suitability.
The association of fat preference with eating behavior and sex: Turkish version of the Fat Preference Questionnaire©
Authors: Okan Bakır Binnur , Kaya Cebioğlu İrem , Günalan Elif , Dumlu Bilgin Gözde 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fat content of food may play a role in food preferences. Increased fat intake has a role in elevated body weight. Firstly, we aimed to establish the Turkish version of the Fat Preference Questionnaire© and secondly to evaluate the relevant factors with dietary fat preference including body mass index (BMI); sex; and subscales of the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). The study was conducted with 261 participants among the academic staff of Yeditepe University. The Fat Preference Questionnaire© and TFEQ were applied. After the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fat Preference Questionnaire©, Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to reveal the relationship between the scores of the Fat Preference Questionnaire©, BMI, and the four subscales of TFEQ. Weakly or moderately correlated variables were selected to perform two sets of hierarchical regression analyses. Turkish version of the Fat Preference Questionnaire© had statistically acceptable validity and reliability. Fat preference did not correlate with BMI (p > .05). Women showed a lower preference for high‐fat foods and a higher dietary fat restriction (p < .05). The two subscales of TFEQ, the Disinhibition of Eating Control and the Susceptibility to Hunger, contributed to explain the variances in fat preference and dietary fat restriction (ΔR2 = .04, p < .05). Fat preference correlates with Disinhibition of Eating Control and Susceptibility to Hunger, while fat restriction correlates only with Disinhibition of Eating Control although none correlates with BMI. Turkish version of the Fat Preference Questionnaire© is a valid instrument for further studies.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Recombinant Factor VIII Fc Fusion Protein in Subjects With Severe Hemophilia A: Expanded to Include Pediatric Subjects
Authors: Katragadda Suresh , Neelakantan Srividya , Diao Lei , Wong Nancy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) has been indicated for adults and children with hemophilia A. The objective of this article was to build a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model using adult and pediatric data sets and explore relevant dosing scenarios across all ages. The activity‐time profiles of rFVIIIFc from 3 clinical studies (all trials registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01027377, NCT01181128, and NCT01458106) were characterized, and covariates that determine variability of rFVIIIFc PK in children and adults were identified and implemented. Data sets were pooled to estimate population PK parameters. Simulations were conducted to generate activity‐time profiles at steady state (SS). The proportion of subjects maintaining SS trough >1 and >3 IU/dL and time >10 IU/dL were estimated. The rFVIIIFc model was a two‐compartment model that identified weight and von Willebrand factor as significant covariates. Model‐predicted SS peaks and troughs of rFVIIIFc activity‐time profiles confirmed the necessity of modifying dosing in pediatric subjects. The model also predicted that the average subject in the adult and adolescent group dosed with 40 IU/kg every 2 days maintained factor VIII activity >10 IU/dL for the entire duration. Children aged <6 years and aged 6 to <12 years receiving this dose maintained factor VIII activity of >10 IU/dL for nearly two‐thirds and three‐quarters of their time, respectively. In conclusion, these population PK analyses characterize activity‐time profiles for rFVIIIFc among pediatric and adult subjects. The model was used for simulation of clinically relevant dosing scenarios, which can provide better protection and better clinical outcomes.
Computational modeling of malignant ascites reveals CCL5–SDC4 interaction in the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer
Authors: Kim Soochi , Han Youngjin , Kim Se Ik , Lee Juwon , Jo HyunA , Wang Wenyu , Cho Untack , Park Woong‐Yang , Rando Thomas A. , Dhanasekaran Danny N. , Song Yong Sang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity is commonly found in advanced‐stage ovarian cancer patients, which creates a specialized tumor microenvironment for cancer progression. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of ascites cells from five patients with ovarian cancer, we identified seven cell types, including heterogeneous macrophages and ovarian cancer cells. We resolved a distinct polarization state of macrophages by MacSpectrum analysis and observed subtype‐specific enrichment of pathways associated with their functions. The communication between immune and cancer cells was predicted through a putative ligand–receptor pair analysis using NicheNet. We found that CCL5, a chemotactic ligand, is enriched in immune cells (T cells and NK cells) and mediates ovarian cancer cell survival in the ascites, possibly through SDC4. Moreover, SDC4 expression correlated with poor overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Our study highlights the potential role of T cells and NK cells in long‐term survival patients with ovarian cancer, indicating SDC4 as a potential prognostic marker in ovarian cancer patients.
WHO'S IN AND WHO'S OUT UNDER WORKPLACE COVID SYMPTOM SCREENING?
Authors: Ruffini Krista , Sojourner Aaron , Wozniak Abigail 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID symptom screening, a new workplace practice, is already affecting many millions of American workers. As of this writing, 34 states already require, and federal guidance recommends, frequent screening of at least some employees for fever or other symptoms. This paper provides the first empirical work identifying major features of symptom screening in a broad population and exploring the trade‐offs employers face in using daily symptom screening. First, we find that common symptom checkers could screen out up to 7 percent of workers each day, depending on the measure used. Second, we find that the measures used will matter for three reasons: Many respondents report any given symptom, survey design affects responses, and demographic groups report symptoms at different rates, even absent fluctuations in likely COVID exposure. This last pattern can potentially lead to disparate impacts and is important from an equity standpoint.
Drug penetration in pediatric brain tumors: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Patel Jenny P. , Spiller Susan E. , Barker Elizabeth D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarger clinical trial enrollments and a greater understanding of biological heterogeneity have led to improved survival rates for children diagnosed with brain tumors in the last 50 years. However, reducing long‐term morbidities and improving survival rates of high‐risk tumors remain major challenges. Chemotherapy can reduce tumor burden, but effective drug penetration at the tumor site is limited by barriers in the route of drug administration and within the tumor microenvironment. Bioavailability of drugs is impeded by the blood‐brain barrier, plasma protein binding, and structural components by the tumor including the matrix and vasculature contributing to increased interstitial fluid pressure, hypoxia, and acidity. Designing drug delivery systems to circumvent these barriers could lead to improved drug penetration at the tumor site and reduce adverse systemic side effects. In this review, we expand on how systemic and local barriers limit drug penetration and present potential methods to enhance drug penetration in pediatric brain tumors.