bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Early Pleistocene Dikes in the Changbai Mountain Volcanic Field (NE China) Based on Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopic Compositions
Authors: Li Meng-Meng , Xu Zhi-Tao , Ventura Guido , Pan Xiao-Dong , Han Di , Gu Guo-Hui , Yan Dong-Han , Pan Bo , Feng Jing-Qiao 
Published: October 2021

Changbai Mountains intraplate volcanism (NE China) developed above the 500 km deep stagnant portion of the Pacific slab in the last 20 Ma. The more recent activity includes a shield-forming stage (2.8–0.3 Ma), the Tianchi cone construction stage (1.5–0.01 Ma), and a caldera-forming stage (0.2 Ma-present). Detailed studies on the petrogenesis of the volcanic products between the first two stages and the possible role of geodynamics and local tectonics in controlling the volcanism, however, are lacking. Here, we present structural and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data on Pleistocene dikes of the Changbai Mountains at the transition from the shield-forming to the Tianchi stage with the aim to constrain their age and the source(s) of their parental magma. The dikes represent the shallower feeding system of monogenetic cones and have a NW-SE strike, which is also the preferred strike of the major fault affecting the area and along which the Changbai Mountains monogenetic scoria cones align. The dikes have a potassic affinity and a trachybasaltic composition. Their zircon U–Pb age is 1.19–1.20 Ma (Calabrian). The trachybasalts are enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, Pb, and LREE and slightly depleted in Sr, Zr, Hf, Ti, and HREE with a weak negative Eu/Eu* (δEu = 0.96–0.97). Trace elements and isotopic compositions are compatible with an OIB-type source with an EMI signature. The calculated (87Sr/86Sr)i(=0.705165–0.705324), (143Nd/144Nd)i(= 0.512552–0.512607, εNd(t) = −0.58 to −1.65), and Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1768–1562 Ma suggest that the trachybasaltic dikes were contaminated by a Mesoproterozoic, relatively basic lower crust. The source of the Calabrian trachybasalts consists of asthenospheric melts modified by a subcontinental lithospheric mantle. These melts upwell from depth and stop at the crust-mantle interface where underplating processes favor the assimilation of ancient lower crust material. During the ascent to the surface along deep-seated crustal discontinuities, these magmas weakly differentiate.
Elevated Terminal C5b-9 Complement Complex 10 Weeks Post Kidney Transplantation Was Associated With Reduced Long-Term Patient and Kidney Graft Survival
Authors: Witczak Bartlomiej J. , Pischke Søren E. , Reisæter Anna V. , Midtvedt Karsten , Ludviksen Judith K. , Heldal Kristian , Jenssen Trond , Hartmann Anders , Åsberg Anders , Mollnes Tom E. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe major reason for graft loss is chronic tissue damage, as interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA), where complement activation may serve as a mediator. The association of complement activation in a stable phase early after kidney transplantation with long-term outcomes is unexplored.MethodsWe examined plasma terminal C5b-9 complement complex (TCC) 10 weeks posttransplant in 900 patients receiving a kidney between 2007 and 2012. Clinical outcomes were assessed after a median observation time of 9.3 years [interquartile range (IQR) 7.5–10.6].ResultsElevated TCC plasma values (≥0.7 CAU/ml) were present in 138 patients (15.3%) and associated with a lower 10-year patient survival rate (65.7% vs. 75.5%, P &lt; 0.003). Similarly, 10-year graft survival was lower with elevated TCC; 56.9% vs. 67.3% (P &lt; 0.002). Graft survival was also lower when censored for death; 81.5% vs. 87.3% (P = 0.04). In multivariable Cox analyses, impaired patient survival was significantly associated with elevated TCC [hazard ratio (HR) 1.40 (1.02–1.91), P = 0.04] along with male sex, recipient and donor age, smoking, diabetes, and overall survival more than 1 year in renal replacement therapy prior to engraftment. Likewise, elevated TCC was independently associated with graft loss [HR 1.40 (1.06–1.85), P = 0.02] along with the same covariates. Finally, elevated TCC was in addition independently associated with death-censored graft loss [HR 1.69 (1.06–2.71), P = 0.03] as were also HLA-DR mismatches and higher immunological risk.ConclusionsEarly complement activation, assessed by plasma TCC, was associated with impaired long-term patient and graft survival.
A Novel Imaging Biomarker for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Associated With Cognitive Impairment: The Deep-Medullary-Veins Score
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Li Fangfei , Xing Dengxiang , Song Hongyan , Chen Jingshu , Duan Yang , Yang Benqiang 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To explore the biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) associated with cognitive impairment.Methods: A total of 69 patients with CSVD were enrolled in the study, and baseline clinical and imaging data were reviewed retrospectively. The following neuroimaging biomarkers of CSVD were identified: high-grade white matter hyperintensity (HWMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMB), enlarged perivascular space (PVS), and lacunar infarct (LI). A total score for CSVD was calculated. The deep medullary veins (DMVs) were divided into six segments according to the regional anatomy. The total DMV score (0–18) was derived from the sum of the scores of the six individual segments, the scores of which ranged from 0 to 3, for a semiquantitative assessment of the DMV that was based on segmental continuity and visibility.Results: The DMV score, patient age, and total CSVD score were independently associated with the presence or absence of cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD (P &lt; 0.05). By integrating patient age and the total CSVD and DMV scores, the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for predicting CSVD associated with cognitive impairment was 0.885, and the sensitivity and specificity were 64.71 and 94.23%, respectively.Conclusions: The DMV score may be a novel imaging biomarker for CSVD associated with cognitive impairment. The integration of the DMV score with age and total CSVD score should increase the predictive value of the DMV score for CSVD associated with cognitive impairment.
Outcome of Wingspan Stent Using Aggressive Post-stent Balloon Dilation for Intracranial Atherosclerosis Stenosis
Authors: Perng Pang-Shuo , Sun Yuan-Ting , Wang Hao-Kuang , Shih Yu-Hsiang , Lee Jung-Shun , Wang Liang-Chao , Huang Chih-Yuan 
Published: October 2021

Background: Wingspan stent has gained interest for better long-term outcomes for intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD). However, in-stent restenosis still presents as a problem and may cause postoperative neurological events. We aimed to find a way to prevent in-stent restenosis.Method: Patients with stenosis &gt;70% ICAD were treated with wingspan stent and were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were separated into two groups: one with post-dilation and the other without post-dilation. The outcomes of wingspan stenting were compared immediately after the surgery and at a 1-year follow-up.Results: Overall, 28 patients were included for analysis, with 15 patients undergoing post-dilation and 13 patients not undergoing the procedure. The extent of stenosis was significantly lower in the post-dilation group than in the no post-dilation group, both immediately after the surgery (14.8 ± 10.2 vs. 28.5 ± 14.5%, p &lt; 0.01) and at 1-year follow-up (25.8 ± 18.0 vs. 50.1 ± 23.2%, p &lt; 0.01). The post-dilation method immediately expanded the stent diameter (2.89 ± 0.48 vs. 3.05 ± 0.44 mm, p &lt; 0.001), and the diameter still increased at 1-year follow-up (3.05 ± 0.44 vs. 3.12 ± 0.43 mm, p &lt; 0.01) due to the self-expandable property of the wingspan. Similarly, in the no post-dilation group, the stent size was also increased (2.70 ± 0.67 vs. 2.80 ± 0.64 mm, p &lt; 0.01). However, at 1-year follow up, the luminal diameter was stationary in the post-dilation group (2.36 ± 0.73 vs. 2.46 ± 0.82 mm, p = 0.88) and decreased in the no post-dilation group (2.24 ± 0.56 vs. 1.60 ± 0.79 mm, p &lt; 0.01). The periprocedural complication rate was similar between the groups.Conclusion: The post-dilation method can be feasibly performed and can offer better stent expansion and apposition in the wingspan system. By applying this technique, we might prevent in-stent restenosis and improve neurological outcomes.
Short-Term Outcomes of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Center, Open-Label, Non-Inferiority, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Song Zijia , Liu Kun , Li You , Shi Yiqing , Jiang Yimei , Wang Changgang , Chen Xianze , Zhang Tao , Ji Xiaopin , Zhao Ren 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo date, well-designed randomized controlled trials examining the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for colorectal cancer are scarce. The aim of the current study was to compare short-term outcomes of SILS for colorectal cancer with conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS).MethodsBetween June 28, 2017, and June 29, 2019, a single-center, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital (North), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in Shanghai, China. In total, 200 patients diagnosed or suspected of colorectal cancer (cT1–4aN0–2M0) were randomly assigned to either the SILS or CLS group in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was early morbidity rate. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative outcomes, pain intensity, postoperative recovery, pathologic outcomes, and long-term outcomes.ResultsIn total, 193 participants (SILS, 97; CLS, 96) were analyzed in the modified intention-to-treat (MITT) population. Among them, 48 underwent right hemicolectomy (SILS n = 23, 23.7% and MLS n = 25, 26%), 15 underwent left hemicolectomy (SILS n = 6, 6.2% and MLS n = 9, 9.4%), 1 underwent transverse colectomy (MLS n = 1, 1%), 57 underwent sigmoidectomy (SILS n = 32, 33% and MLS n = 25, 26%), and 72 underwent anterior resection (SILS n = 36, 37.1% and MLS n = 36, 37.5%). No significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics. The intraoperative complication was comparable between the two groups [5 (5.2%) vs. 4 (4.2%); difference, 1%; 95% CI, −5.8% to 7.8%; p &gt; 0.999) and so was postoperative complication rates [10 (10.3%) vs. 14 (14.6%); difference, −4.3%; 95% CI, −13.9% to 5.3%; p = 0.392]. The SILS group showed shorter incision length [median (IQR), 4 (3.5–5) vs. 6.6 (6–7.5), p &lt; 0.001] and lower VAS scores on the first [median (IQR), 4 (3–5) vs. 4 (4–5), p = 0.002] and the second day [median (IQR), 2 (1.5–3) vs. 3 (2–4), p &lt; 0.001] after surgery. No statistically significant difference was found in other measured outcomes.ConclusionsCompared with CLS, SILS performed by experienced surgeons for selected colorectal cancer patients is non-inferior with good short-term safety and has the advantage of reducing postoperative pain.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03151733.
Exploring Multifunctional Bioactive Components from Podophyllum sinense Using Multi-Target Ultrafiltration
Authors: Feng Huixia , Chen Guilin , Zhang Yongli , Guo Mingquan 
Published: October 2021

Podophyllum sinense(P. sinense) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for ages due to its extensive pharmaceutical activities, including antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, insecticidal effects, etc. Nevertheless, the specific bioactive constituents responsible for its antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities remain elusive, owing to its complicated and diversified chemical components. In order to explore these specific bioactive components and their potential interaction targets, affinity ultrafiltration with multiple drug targets coupled with high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UF–HPLC/MS) strategy was developed to rapidly screen out and identify bioactive compounds against four well-known drug targets that are correlated to the application ofP. sinenseas a traditional medicine, namely, Topo I, Topo II, COX-2, and ACE2. As a result, 7, 10, 6, and 7 phytochemicals were screened out as the potential Topo I, Topo II, COX-2, and ACE2 ligands, respectively. Further confirmation of these potential bioactive components with antiproliferative and COX-2 inhibitory assaysin vitrowas also implemented. Herein, diphyllin and podophyllotoxin with higher EF values demonstrated higher inhibitory rates against A549 and HT-29 cells as compared with those of 5-FU and etoposide. The IC50values of diphyllin were calculated at 6.46 ± 1.79 and 30.73 ± 0.56 μM on A549 and HT-29 cells, respectively. Moreover, diphyllin exhibited good COX-2 inhibitory activity with the IC50value at 1.29 ± 0.14 μM, whereas indomethacin was 1.22 ± 0.08 μM. In addition, those representative constituents with good affinity on Topo I, Topo II, COX-2, or ACE2, such as diphyllin, podophyllotoxin, and diphyllinO-glucoside, were further validated with molecular docking analysis. Above all, the integrated method of UF–HPLC/MS with multiple drug targets rapidly singled out multi-target bioactive components and partly elucidated their action mechanisms regarding its multiple pharmacological effects fromP. sinense, which could provide valuable information about its further development for the new multi-target drug discovery from natural medicines.
The Superluminal Phenomenon of Light Near the Kerr–Newman Black Hole or Super-Gravitational Source
Authors: Pei Ting-Hang 
Published: October 2021

We use the Kerr–Newman metric based on the theory of general relativity to discuss the observed superluminal phenomenon of light near the black hole and whether it is observable astronomically at infinity or a weak gravitational place such as on Earth. The black hole has the rotation term a and the charge term RQ as well as the Schwarzschild radius RS. The geodesic of light in the spacetime structure is ds2 = 0, and the equation for three velocity components (dr/dt, rdθ/dt, rsinθdϕ/dt) is obtained in the Boyer-Lindquist coordinates (r, θ, and ϕ) with the coordinate time t. Then, three cases of the velocity of light (dr/dt, 0, and 0), (0, rdθ/dt, and 0), and (0, 0, and rsinθdϕ/dt) are discussed in this research. According to our discussion, only the case of (dr/dt, 0, and 0) gives the possibility of the observations of the superluminal phenomenon and an example is shown at r between RS and (RQ2+a2sin2θ/2)/RS at sinθ&gt;0, when RQ ∼ RS. The results reveal that the maximum speed of light and the range of the superluminal phenomenon are much related to the rotational term a and the charged term RQ. It is at least reasonable at two poles and in the equatorial plane, when light propagates along the radial direction. Although the superluminal phenomenon is discussed in the Boyer-Lindquist coordinates, all the results are easy to be transformed or discussed in the Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z, t) by setting R2 = x2+y2+z2 = r2+a2sin2θ and rdr = RdR in the velocity of light. The conclusions of the superluminal phenomenon about the three velocity components (dR/dt, Rdθ/dt, Rsinθdϕ/dt) are different from them in the Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. Generally speaking, the superluminal phenomena for light can possibly occur in these cases where the radial velocity dr/dt is dominant, and the other two velocity components are comparably small. When the relative velocity between the observer coordinate frame and the black hole is not large, the superluminal phenomenon is possibly observable at infinity or in a weak gravitational frame such as on Earth. The results can also be applied on the super-gravitational sources.
Quantifying Patient-Specific in vivo Coronary Plaque Material Properties for Accurate Stress/Strain Calculations: An IVUS-Based Multi-Patient Study
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhu Jian , Maehara Akiko , Lv Rui , Qu Yangyang , Zhang Xiaoguo , Guo Xiaoya , Billiar Kristen L. , Chen Lijuan , Ma Genshan , Mintz Gary S. , Tang Dalin 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Mechanical forces are closely associated with plaque progression and rupture. Precise quantifications of biomechanical conditions using in vivo image-based computational models depend heavily on the accurate estimation of patient-specific plaque mechanical properties. Currently, mechanical experiments are commonly performed on ex vivo cardiovascular tissues to determine plaque material properties. Patient-specific in vivo coronary material properties are scarce in the existing literature.Methods:In vivo Cine intravascular ultrasound and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) slices were acquired at 20 plaque sites from 13 patients. A three-dimensional thin-slice structure-only model was constructed for each slice to obtain patient-specific in vivo material parameter values following an iterative scheme. Effective Young's modulus (YM) was calculated to indicate plaque stiffness for easy comparison purposes. IVUS-based 3D thin-slice models using in vivo and ex vivo material properties were constructed to investigate their impacts on plaque wall stress/strain (PWS/PWSn) calculations.Results: The average YM values in the axial and circumferential directions for the 20 plaque slices were 599.5 and 1,042.8 kPa, respectively, 36.1% lower than those from published ex vivo data. The YM values in the circumferential direction of the softest and stiffest plaques were 103.4 and 2,317.3 kPa, respectively. The relative difference of mean PWSn on lumen using the in vivo and ex vivo material properties could be as high as 431%, while the relative difference of mean PWS was much lower, about 3.07% on average.Conclusion: There is a large inter-patient and intra-patient variability in the in vivo plaque material properties. In vivo material properties have a great impact on plaque stress/strain calculations. In vivo plaque material properties have a greater impact on strain calculations. Large-scale-patient studies are needed to further verify our findings.
Dissociative Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder: Impact on Clinical Course and Treatment Response
Authors: Steardo Luca , Carbone Elvira Anna , Ventura Enrica , de Filippis Renato , Luciano Mario , Segura-Garcia Cristina , De Fazio Pasquale 
Published: October 2021

Background: Dissociative symptoms are under recognized and scarcely studied by clinicians and researchers in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). We examined the relationship between dissociative symptoms and the psychotic features in patients with BD and assessed clinical and socio-demographic characteristics more frequently associated with dissociative symptoms and treatment response.Methods: Participants were 100 adult outpatients with BD. They were screened with semi-structured interview to collect socio-demographic and clinical characteristics; the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II (DES-II) and the ALDA scale were used to assess dissociative psychopathologies and response to treatment with mood stabilizers, respectively.Results: DES score (mean 31.7 ± 21.7) correlated with clinical variables, BD features, and course of illness. Psychotic symptoms, mixed features, and previous suicide attempts significantly predicted DES score [F(3, 47) = 39.880, p &lt; 0.001, R2 corrected = 0.713]. Dissociative symptoms were inversely correlated with poor response to treatment (r = −0.593; p &lt; 0.001).Limitations: Cross-sectional design with a small sample and backward clinical assessment of psychotic symptoms.Conclusions: Dissociative phenomena are closely related to the presence of psychotic symptoms, mixed features, and previous suicide attempts in BD, especially in BD-I. Given the close association between dissociative and psychotic symptoms, this association could represent a diagnostic indicator of BD-I that may guide the clinician to plan the most appropriate treatment.
Hourly Mapping of the Layer Height of Thick Smoke Plumes Over the Western U.S. in 2020 Severe Fire Season
Authors: Lu Zhendong , Wang Jun , Xu Xiaoguang , Chen Xi , Kondragunta Shobha , Torres Omar , Wilcox Eric M. , Zeng Jing 
Published: October 2021

A series of huge smoke plume events from the largest wildfire season recorded in California’s modern history has occurred in 2020. Here, a research algorithm was modified to retrieve the aerosol optical centroid height (AOCH) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) from Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) measurements. The research focus is to gain insights of the algorithm’s feasibility in heavy smoke conditions to study the diurnal variation of AOCH; this is only made possible via EPIC due to its unique position at Lagrange-1 point and its equipment of O2 B-band at which the vegetated surface reflectance is low. Vicarious calibration is applied to the EPIC 443, 680 and 688 nm channels based on the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) observation. This new calibration leads to a better agreement of AOCH values between EPIC retrievals and the counterparts derived from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol extinction vertical profile. The hourly variation of AOCH up to 0.45 km on September 7 is shown to have important implications for estimating hourly change of surface PM2.5, although more quantitative studies are needed in the future.
Zobellia barbeyronii sp. nov., a New Member of the Family Flavobacteriaceae, Isolated from Seaweed, and Emended Description of the Species Z. amurskyensis, Z. laminariae, Z. russellii and Z. uliginosa
Authors: Nedashkovskaya Olga , Otstavnykh Nadezhda , Zhukova Natalia , Guzev Konstantin , Chausova Viktoria , Tekutyeva Liudmila , Mikhailov Valery , Isaeva Marina 
Published: October 2021

Six Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and motile by gliding bacterial strains were isolated from Pacific green and red algae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel strains into the genus Zobellia as a distinct evolutionary lineage close to Zobellia nedashkovskayae Asnod2-B07-BT and Zobellia laminariae KMM 3676T sharing the highest similarity of 99.7% and 99.5%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and the average amino acid identity values between strains 36-CHABK-3-33T and Z. nedashkovskayae Asnod2-B07-BT and Z. laminariae KMM 3676T were 89.7%/92.9% and 94.2%/95.8%, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values based on the draft genomes between strains 36-CHABK-3-33T and Z. nedashovskayae Asnod2-B07-BT and Z. laminariae KMM 3676T were 39.5 ± 2.5% and 59.6 ± 2.7%, respectively. Multilocus sequence analysis based on house-keeping genes (dnaK, gyrB, pyrH, recA and topA) assigned the alga-associated isolates to the same species, which clustered separately from the recognized species of the genus Zobellia. The strains under study grew at 4–32 °C and with 0.5–8% NaCl and decomposed aesculin, gelatin, DNA, and Tweens 20 and 80, and weakly agar. The DNA G+C content was 36.7% calculated from genome sequence analysis for the strain 36-CHABK-3-33T. The predominant fatty acids of strain 36-CHABK-3-33T (>5% of the total fatty acids) were iso-C17:0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH fatty acids), iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 G, and C15:0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. The only detected respiratory quinone was MK-6. The significant molecular distinctiveness between the novel isolates and their nearest neighbor was strongly supported by differences in physiological and biochemical tests. Therefore, the six novel strains represent a novel species of the genus Zobellia, for which the name Zobellia barbeyronii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 36-CHABK-3-33T (= KACC 21790T = KMM 6746T).