bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective associations between social status and social anxiety in early adolescence
Authors: Henricks Lisan A. , Pouwels J. Loes , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Lange Wolf‐Gero , Becker Eni S. , Klein Anke M. 
Published: May 2021

This study examined the transactional longitudinal association between social status (likeability and popularity) and social anxiety symptoms (fear of negative evaluation and social avoidance and distress), and explored gender differences in this association. Participants included 274 adolescents (136 boys, Mage = 12.55). Data were collected at two waves with a 6‐month interval. Likeability and popularity were measured with peer nominations and social anxiety symptoms with self‐reports. Autoregressive cross‐lagged path models showed relative stability of social status and social anxiety. Girls who were seen as less popular by their classmates avoided social situations more frequently and experienced more distress during such situations over time. These results highlight the importance of distinguishing between different social status components and social anxiety symptoms and to take gender into account. Early support for less popular girls seems important to prevent more severe consequences of avoidance and distress, such as social exclusion and victimization.
cGMP signalling in dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord: Various functions in development and adulthood
Authors: Schmidt Hannes , Böttcher Alexandra , Gross Tilman , Schmidtko Achim 
Published: May 2021

Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is a second messenger that regulates numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. In recent years, more and more studies have uncovered multiple roles of cGMP signalling pathways in the somatosensory system. Accumulating evidence suggests that cGMP regulates different cellular processes from embryonic development through to adulthood. During embryonic development, a cGMP‐dependent signalling cascade in the trunk sensory system is essential for axon bifurcation, a specific form of branching of somatosensory axons. In adulthood, various cGMP signalling pathways in distinct cell populations of sensory neurons and dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord play an important role in the processing of pain and itch. Some of the involved enzymes might serve as a target for future therapies. In this review, we summarise the knowledge regarding cGMP‐dependent signalling pathways in dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord during embryonic development and adulthood, and the potential of targeting these pathways.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on cGMP Signalling in Cell Growth and Survival. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.11/issuetoc
The role of staging laparoscopy in complex bariatric surgery
Authors: Sudlow Alexis C. , le Roux Carel W. , Hardwick Richard , Pournaras Dimitri J. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDetermining which patients will benefit from bariatric surgery is complex; however, in those who have had previous bariatric surgery or extensive abdominal surgery, this can be particularly challenging. Decisions are often made based on assumptions rather than a complete assessment of all the anatomical and physiological factors. Adopting the approach utilised in gastrointestinal surgery with a diagnostic or staging laparoscopy, it may be possible to more accurately stage disease and determine fitness bariatric surgery. Laparoscopy is relatively low risk and contributes critical information with regard to access, post‐operative anatomical changes and response to anaesthetic. Additionally, it allows surgeons to accurately determine the feasibility of undertaking a procedure and facilitates a more precise discussion with patients regarding suitability for surgery. Denying patients bariatric procedures based on an incomplete assessment of risk is unfair. Scenarios in which patients have had previous surgery, particularly bariatric surgery are increasingly common with the numbers requiring revisional surgery steadily rising. Although only applicable in highly selected, very complex cases, diagnostic laparoscopy adds critical information in the preoperative assessment of patients, not only improving care but potentially widening the numbers considered eligible for bariatric surgery. Our limited experience with staging laparoscopy in patients with previous complex abdominal surgery requiring revisional surgery illustrates the potential benefit it offers in determining patient suitability for further bariatric procedures. The adoption of an established technique, applied in a novel setting offers surgeons the opportunity to more thoroughly assess potentially high risk patients as well as the ability to offer personalised care
Predictors of fatal outcomes among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with pre‐existing hypertension in China
Authors: Wang Tao , Tang Ruidi , Ruan Honglian , Chen Ruchong , Zhang Zili , Sang Ling , Su Xi , Yi Shuting , Ni Zhengyi , Hu Yu , Liu Lei , Shan Hong , Lei Chunliang , Peng Yixiang , Liu Chunli , Li Jing , Hong Cheng , Zhang Nuofu , Zhong Nanshan , Li Shiyue ,   China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID‐19
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an emerging, rapidly evolving pandemic, hypertension is one of the most common co‐existing chronic conditions and a risk factor for mortality. Nearly one‐third of the adult population is hypertensive worldwide, it is urgent to identify the factors that determine the clinical course and outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with hypertension.Methods and results148 COVID‐19 patients with pre‐existing hypertension with clarified outcomes (discharge or deceased) from a national cohort in China were included in this study, of whom 103 were discharged and 45 died in hospital. Multivariate regression showed higher odds of in‐hospital death associated with high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs‐cTn) > 28 pg/ml (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–6.91) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) > 7 pg/ml (HR: 3.63, 95% CI:1.54–8.55) at admission. Patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) (n = 52) which were defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg for more than once (≥2 times) during hospitalization, were more likely to have ICU admission (p = 0.037), invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.028), and renal injury (p = 0.005). A stricter BP control with the threshold of 130/80 mm Hg was associated with lower mortality. Treatment with renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) suppressors, including angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), and spironolactone, was associated with a lower rate of ICU admission compared to other types of anti‐hypertensive medications (8 (22.9%) vs. 25 (43.1%), p = 0.048).ConclusionAmong COVID‐19 patients with pre‐existing hypertension, elevated hs‐cTn and IL‐6 could help clinicians to identify patients with fatal outcomes at an early stage, blood pressure control is associated with better clinical outcomes, and RAAS suppressors do not increase mortality and may decrease the need for ICU admission.
Are eastern and western monarch butterflies distinct populations? A review of evidence for ecological, phenotypic, and genetic differentiation and implications for conservation
Authors: Freedman Micah G. , de Roode Jacobus C. , Forister Matthew L. , Kronforst Marcus R. , Pierce Amanda A. , Schultz Cheryl B. , Taylor Orley R. , Crone Elizabeth E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMonarch butterflies are a species of conservation priority due to declining overwintering populations in both eastern and western North America. Declines in western overwintering monarchs—more than 99.9% since monitoring began—are especially acute. However, the degree to which western monarchs are a distinct biological entity is uncertain. In this review, we focus on phenotypic and genetic differentiation between eastern and western monarchs, with the goal of informing researchers and policy‐makers who are interested in monarch conservation. Eastern and western monarchs occupy distinct environments and show some evidence for phenotypic differentiation, particularly for migration‐associated traits, though population genetic and genomic studies suggest that they are indistinguishable from one another. We suggest future studies that could improve our understanding of differences between eastern and western monarchs. We also discuss the concept of adaptive capacity in eastern and western monarchs as well as non‐migratory populations outside of the monarch's primary North American range. Finally, we discuss the prospect of completely losing migratory monarchs from western North America and what this entails for monarch conservation.
The interaction between strain and food type influences biological parameters of Tribolium castaneum and its susceptibility to Dennettia tripetala extract
Authors: Oyeniyi Emmanuel A. , Adeyemi Joseph A. , Omotoso Olumuyiwa T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a cosmopolitan insect pest that infests a wide range of milled cereal flours. In this study, the main and interactive effects of geographic origin and food type on the biological response of T. castaneum, and its susceptibility to the fumigant toxicity of sub‐lethal concentrations of Dennettia tripetala (G Baker) (Annonaceae) extract were investigated. The Nigeria and America (USA) strains of T. castaneum, used in this study, were maintained on corn (= maize) and wheat flours for four generations. This study was done under ambient laboratory conditions (23–35 °C and 65–85% r.h.). Irrespective of the food type, the larval, pupal, and adult stages were generally bigger in the America strain than in the Nigeria strain. The interaction of strain with food significantly affected the larval weight of T. castaneum. The larval periods and total developmental periods were significantly higher in both strains reared on corn than on wheat flour. However, only the food type significantly affected the pupal developmental periods. The insecticide susceptibility of larvae and adults of T. castaneum to D. tripetala extract was significantly higher in the strain from America than in the strain from Nigeria. Also, there were significant effects of food type and experimental concentration on the response of larvae and adults to D. tripetala extract. The extract was more toxic to adults than to larvae. Various results obtained in this study could provide data that are needed for the development of accurate phenology models for T. castaneum in Nigeria. Our study also underscores the significance of geographical strain and food type when managing T. castaneum with a plant‐based insecticide.
Seasonal patterns of greenhouse gas emissions from a forest‐to‐bog restored site in northern Scotland: Influence of microtopography and vegetation on carbon dioxide and methane dynamics
Authors: Mazzola Valeria , Perks Mike P. , Smith Jo , Yeluripati Jagadeesh , Xenakis Georgios 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNorthern peatlands play an important role in the regulation of the atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) balance, functioning as a net carbon sink with low rates of organic decomposition. However, perturbations such as drainage increase peat oxidation, which may lead to enhanced gaseous release of carbon. For this reason, the number of restoration projects that aim to rewet blanket bogs has increased in the last few years, but there is still a lack of understanding of the impact of restoration on emissions of greenhouse gases, such as methane, particularly in sites restored from forestry. In this paper, we investigate the seasonal greenhouse gas dynamics in a forest‐to‐bog restoration site in Scotland. We analyse the effects of restoration on both carbon dioxide and methane fluxes, and investigate which site factors (microtopography, vegetation type, soil moisture and temperature) drive the processes of gaseous exchange between the bog surface and the atmosphere. Our results show that the original surface is near greenhouse gase equilibrium at −0.28 gCO2eq m2·day−1 and that microtopographic features act as a net greenhouse gas sink (ridges = −0.94 gCO2eq m2·day−1 and furrows = −0.86 gCO2eq m2·day−1), whereas the bog pool is a net source of greenhouse gases (0.98 gCO2eq m2·day−1). We found different vegetation species play a key role in greenhouse gas flux dynamics, especially in forestry‐derived microtopographical features, and their presence and influence on greenhouse gas dynamics should be accounted for to provide a more comprehensive understanding of emissions associated with restoration management practices.Highlights
GHG (CO2 and CH4) dynamics in a boreal peatland restored from forestry are mainly affected by microtopography and vegetation.
Forestry‐derived microforms (ridges and furrows) are better GHG sinks than pools (GHG emitters) and original surfaces (near GHG equilibrium).
The presence of Trichophorum cespitosum leads to higher CH4 emissions.
Restoration practices like terraforming may create a short‐term pulse net GHG emission due to an increase of both CH4 and CO2 fluxes.
Change the way of working. Ways into self‐organization with the use of Holacracy: An empirical investigation
Authors: Schell Sabrina , Bischof Nicole 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHolacracy, a self‐managing design for organizations, uses the radical decentralization of authority and a lack of a manager‐subordinate relationship. It differs significantly from traditional organizational forms, and in particular, the transformation of the organization from a traditional to a holacratic system brings with it various challenges, especially for employees and teams that need to be resolved, so organizations can realize their potential. This study uses an explorative case study design with 43 qualitative interviews in Swiss holacratic organizations to gain deeper insights into the organizational system itself and especially the path into the holacratic system. We conclude by presenting an overarching model and identifying four different ways to handle the change into the self‐managing organizational design.
Seizures after decompressive hemicraniectomy for large middle cerebral artery territory infarcts: Incidence, associated factors, and impact on long‐term outcomes
Authors: Masheka‐Cishesa Olivier , Kyheng Maéva , Cordonnier Charlotte , Kuchcinski Grégory , Chochoi Maxime , Lejeune Jean Paul , Hénon Hilde , Casolla Barbara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDecompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) reduces mortality of large middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarcts. Survivors are at high risk of poststroke seizures (PSSs). This study aims to describe the incidence of PSSs, to identify associated factors, and to assess their impact on long‐term outcomes.MethodsWe included consecutive patients who underwent DH for large MCA infarcts from May 2005 to December 2019 at Lille University Hospital. Patients were followed up at 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years. We analysed (i) the incidence and associated factors of early onset PSSs (EPSSs) with logistic regression models; (ii) the incidence and associated factors of late onset PSSs (LPSSs) in survivors at 7 days with a univariate Cox proportional hazard regression model for interval‐censored data; and (iii) the impact of PSSs (EPSSs and LPSSs) on mortality with univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models and modified Rankin Scale at 1 and 3 years, with univariate and adjusted multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf 248 patients (150 men, 60.5%; mean age = 50.4 ± 9.6 years), 106 (42.7%) presented PSSs (six inaugural seizures, 22 EPSSs, 78 LPSSs) during follow‐up. The PSS cumulative incidence was 12.3% at 7 days, 24.9% at 3 months, 49.8% at 1 years, and 54.8% at 3 years. No predictor was significantly associated with either EPSSs or LPSSs. PSSs did not significantly impact mortality and long‐term functional outcome.ConclusionsThe incidence of PSSs after DH is high, reaching more than 50% 3 years after stroke, but PSSs did not influence long‐term mortality or functional outcome.
Deconstructing borders: Mobility strategies of South Sudanese refugees in northern Uganda
Authors: Vancluysen Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTaking the current presence of South Sudanese refugees in northern Uganda as a case‐study, this paper explores how different forms of mobility enable them to better cope with the harsh conditions caused by their displacement. Based on extensive field research, the results of this article show how for South Sudanese refugees, crossing borders can be empowering, although these complex strategies do not fit within the mutually exclusive ‘durable solutions’ proposed by the international refugee regime. Looking through a transnational lens, it is illustrated how different forms of movement enable the refugees to hold on to certain aspects of ‘normal life’, such as being employed, enacting customs and visiting loved ones, blurring the distinction between voluntary and forced migration. This results in a deepening of transnational networks as the generally large South Sudanese families find their members dispersed across Ugandan and South Sudanese town centres, villages, refugee settlements and third countries in Africa and elsewhere.
Protective effects of non‐thermal plasma on triethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐induced damage in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells
Authors: Choi Byul Bo ra , Choi Jeong Hae , Lee Hyun Young , Lee Hae‐June , Song Ki Won , Kim Gyoo‐Cheon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether the use of non‐thermal plasma (NTP) could reduce triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)‐mediated damage in MDPC‐23 cells.MethodologyThe effects of NTP and TEGDMA on MDPC‐23 cell proliferation were tested using WST‐1 assays after pretreatment with NTP for 1 min and exposure to TEGDMA. Live/Dead assays were used to visualize cell death. To monitor the effects of NTP and TEGDMA on the cell cycle and apoptotic cell death, flow cytometry was performed. Western blotting was used to assess changes in protein levels mediated by NTP and TEGDMA treatment, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed to evaluate the effects of NTP and TEGDMA on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression. One‐way analysis of variance and Duncan's post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsNTP treatment effectively protected cells from TEGDMA‐mediated cell damage and blocked TEGDMA‐mediated cell growth inhibition (p < .05). NTP appeared to protect cells from death (p < .05) and blocked TEGDMA‐mediated apoptotic cell death. Additionally, NTP reduced TEGDMA‐mediated apoptotic activation of poly (ADP) ribose polymerase‐1 and caspase‐3 (p < .05). Furthermore, NTP effectively reduced TEGDMA‐mediated expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 and PGE2 proteins by inhibiting nuclear factor‐κB protein expression (p < .05).ConclusionsNTP alleviated TEGDMA‐mediated adverse effects by reducing cytotoxicity and inflammatory reactions in cells exposed to TEGDMA.
Factors associated with incidence of stroke and heart failure among people living with HIV in Ghana: Evaluating Vascular Event Risk while on Long‐Term Antiretroviral Suppressive Therapy (EVERLAST) Study
Authors: Sarfo Fred Stephen , Norman Betty , Appiah Lambert , Ovbiagele Bruce 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeople living with HIV (PLWH) have a two‐fold higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared with HIV‐negative populations. Although 70% of the global HIV population reside in Africa, data on CVD outcomes among PLWH are scarce. We seek to evaluate factors associated with incidence of stroke and heart failure in a prospective cohort of Ghanaian PLWH. We followed up a cohort of PLWH on antiretroviral therapy for 12 months to assess rates of clinically adjudicated stroke, and heart failure. We calculated incidence rates of events/1000 person‐years and fitted Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify factors associated with incident stroke and heart failure as a combined outcome measure and as separate outcome measures. Among 255 participants, the mean age was 46 years and 211 (82.7%) were female. The participants contributed 245 years of follow‐up data with mean follow‐up duration of 11.5 months. There were three incident strokes giving an incidence rate of 12.24 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 3.13–33.33) and two heart failure events with an incidence rate of 8.16 (95%CI: 1.37–26.97) per 1000 py. The combined event rate was 20.41 (95% CI: 7.48–45.24) per 1000 py. Being hypertensive was associated with aHR of 8.61 (1.32–56.04) of the combined outcome while each 100 cells/mm3 rise in CD4 count was associated with aHR of 0.56 (0.35–0.88). Carotid bulb intimal media thickness was independently associated with stroke occurrence with aHR of 12.23 (1.28–117.07). People living with HIV on long‐term cART in this Ghanaian sample have high rates of clinically adjudicated cardiovascular diseases driven by uncontrolled hypertension and persisting immunosuppression. Integration of CVD care into routine HIV management may help alleviate this untoward confluence of rising CVDs among PLWH.
Effect of the drying process on the color change, fissure development, and morphology of fortified rice kernels
Authors: Dalbhagat Chandrakant Genu , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFortified rice kernels (FRK) were manufactured using extrusion technology and dried in a hot air tray dryer. The present study was aimed to find the effect of air temperature (40, 50, 60, and 70°C) and the drying time (0–160 min) at 1.0 m/s air velocity on color attributes of FRK. The increase in temperature and time decreased the L* and WI and increased the a*, b*, and ΔE values of FRK. The kinetic modeling suggested a fairly good fitting of the quadratic model for ΔE and WI. The Page model (R2 ≥ 0.9512, RMSE ≤ 0.0556, and χ2 ≤ 0.0037), as an alternate approach, showed the best fitting to predict the color change ratio of FRK. For fissure and morphological analysis, the FRK were dried to a final moisture content of 12–13 %wb at each drying temperature. The results revealed that the drying at 50–70°C formed fissure inside the FRK and was confirmed by the X‐ray CT scan images. However, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis did not show any fissure at the surface of FRK. Thus, the lower temperature (40°C and 120 min) drying resulted in better color attributes with no fissure inside the FRK.Practical applicationsFRK are being used to blend in the normal rice in the 1:100 ratio to prepare micronutrient fortified rice. It is expected that the FRK should be indistinguishable in normal rice after blending. Color is an important parameter that could make easy detection of FRK in normal rice. This makes it necessary to match the characteristics of FRK with normal rice in terms of color, physical dimensions, and density. Moreover, fissure formation in FRK leads to disintegration during cooking. Therefore, the study's findings will help to get an idea about the color change during the commercial drying of FRK and decide the drying conditions that will not develop fissure inside the FRK.