bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of residual stress distribution and microstructural characteristics on fatigue failure mechanism in Ni‐based Superalloy
Authors: Kumar Dharmesh , Idapalapati Sridhar , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of residual compressive stress (RCS) depth and magnitude generated through surface treatments such as shot peening (SP), deep cold rolling (DCR), and vibro‐peening (VP) on fatigue crack mechanisms of Ni‐based superalloy is investigated. The fatigue performance with associated failure mechanisms is measured under strain‐controlled fatigue testing upto 104 cycles with total strain in the range of 0.9%–1.4% at an R ratio of 0.1 and 400°C followed by load controlled fatigue until failure. In‐depth understanding of the failure mechanism is obtained through fractography analysis, cyclic stress–strain plot, and microstructural features. A pronounced improvement in fatigue life tested at low strain range (0.9%–1.1%) is achieved after inducing RCS up to 400 μm depth. However, the fatigue life is reduced when RCS increased to 800–1000 μm depth. Failure is primarily driven by micro‐cracks formed due to balancing tensile stresses and high intensity stress concentration generated as the result of dislocation pile‐ups and slip bands. Results are discussed in detail through the evidence of grain refinement, addition of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), strain accumulation, and intragranular deformation in the sub‐surface.
The importance of vibrant materialities in transforming affective dissonance into affective solidarity: How the Countess Ablaze organized the Tits Out Collective
Authors: Baxter Lynne F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAffective solidarity is important in resisting forms of gender, race, and sexual inequalities. Previous research has highlighted the role of affective dissonance in building affective solidarity, yet most of the literature has been anthropocentric in its discussion of affect. This paper contributes by showing the importance of vibrant forms of matter in inspiring and building affective solidarity. Using affective ethnographic method, the article explores how an independent yarn dyer, the Countess Ablaze, organized affective dissonance at gender discrimination into an affective solidarity movement called the Tits Out Collective. In doing so, she energized resistance and built a powerful affective atmosphere in the global yarn community. The paper shows how the vibrancy of the materialities accelerated the building of the powerful affective atmosphere. The engagement with different materialities enabled a global community of women to participate in shared resistance while honoring their own subjectivities, something previous work has identified as problematic. The paper also contributes by opening a discussion of the costs of organizing affective solidarity, detailing the intensities of leading such movements, that can be exposing and increase vulnerabilities. Therefore, it may be inevitable that affective solidarity is precarious and ephemeral.
Treatment outcomes in persons with severe haemophilia B in the Nordic region: The B‐NORD study
Authors: Kihlberg Kristina , Baghaei Fariba , Bruzelius Maria , Funding Eva , Andre Holme Pål , Lassila Riitta , Nummi Vuokko , Ranta Susanna , Osooli Mehdi , Berntorp Erik , Astermark Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionData on outcome in persons with haemophilia B (PwHB) are limited and mainly extrapolated from studies of haemophilia A (HA).AimTo characterize treatment outcomes in persons with severe HB in the Nordic region, with a focus on joint health, compared with matched controls with HA.MethodsPwHB attending haemophilia centres in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden were enrolled and matched with controls with HA. Joint assessment using Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and ultrasound according to Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection protocol (HEAD‐US) was conducted. Adherence was evaluated using the Validated Haemophilia Regimen Treatment Adherence Scale (VERITAS).ResultsSeventy‐nine males with HB, with median age of 30 years (range 1–75), were enrolled. Eleven patients (14%) had a history of or current inhibitor. Twenty‐nine PwHB (37%) reported joint bleeds during the prior year, and 35% had previously undergone joint surgery. Ninety‐five per cent were on prophylaxis, and 70% used recombinant concentrates, with a median factor consumption of 3,900 IU/kg/year for standard half‐life products. Only two patients had a VERITAS score corresponding to ‘non‐adherence'. Joint health, assessed with HJHS, showed a significant lower score among PwHB compared with HA controls, explained by a difference in the 18–49 age group, without observed differences in older or younger subgroups. The HEAD‐US scores were overall low.ConclusionThe Nordic cohort of PwHB is well treated by prophylaxis, but the goal of zero bleeds for all is not reached. Our findings suggest that patients with severe HB suffer from a milder arthropathy than patients with severe HA.
Haemophilia A patients' medication adherence to prophylaxis with efmoroctocog alfa
Authors: Pitance Victoire , Désage Stéphanie , Lienhart Anne , Meunier Sandrine , Chamouard Valérie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionLightening the injection burden is commonly believed to improve prophylaxis adherence. Efmoroctocog alfa (rFVIIIFc) is the first recombinant FVIII‐Fc fusion protein available in France. This clotting factor with an extended half‐life could thus improve medication adherence.AimThe study primarily aimed to assess the real‐life impact on prophylaxis adherence of haemophilia A patients, when switching from a standard to an extended half‐life FVIII.MethodsThis study was an observational, monocentre, non‐interventional study aiming at assessing haemophilia A patients' real‐life adherence during the first‐year post‐rFVIIIFc prophylaxis initiation. Medication adherence was assessed using two methods: the medication possession ratio (MPR), which is based on the hospital pharmacy dispensing data, and self‐reported VERITAS‐Pro® questionnaire. Patients on rFVIIIFc prophylaxis for at least 12 months, following a 12‐month standard FVIII prophylaxis, were eligible for inclusion.ResultsIn 2019, 47 male patients were undergoing rFVIIIFc prophylaxis in our Hemophilia Center, among which 36 meeting the inclusion criteria. Switching from standard to extended half‐life FVIII prophylaxis resulted in increased mean dosing, while the mean number of weekly prophylactic injections (2.6 ± 0.5 vs 1.8 ± 0.3) decreased. Following rFVIIIFc initiation, a non‐significant increase in median MPR occurred and the self‐reported VERITAS‐Pro® questionnaire demonstrated improved adherence to rFVIIIFc prophylaxis. Comparing adherent and non‐adherent patients revealed age as the only factor likely to impact adherence (p = .07).ConclusionOur patient cohort exhibited high adherence levels before and after FVIII switching, based on MPR and VERITAS‐Pro® questionnaire. The latter is likely a useful tool to quantity prophylaxis adherence from a patient's perspective in daily use.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of blood: An ex‐vivo study
Authors: Regi Soumya Susan , Livingstone Roshan S. , Kandagaddala Madhavi , Poonnoose Pradeep , Gibikote Sridhar , Keshava Shyamkumar N. , Srivastava Alok 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesEarly detection of bleeding into a joint is crucial in patients with haemophilia. This study was designed to evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect the presence of blood in small concentrations in a simulated model to mimic joint bleeding.Materials and MethodsDifferent concentrations of blood in plasma, varying from 0.1% to 45%, were collected in 10‐ml plastic syringes and imaged using 12 and 18 MHz USG transducers and with 1.5T and 3T MRI scanners, at different intervals of time following dilution. The images were scored for the presence of blood by four experienced radiologists who were blinded to the concentration of blood.ResultsWithin the first 2 h, the 18 MHz transducer was able to detect blood consistently up to 0.5%, whereas the 12 MHz transducer could consistently identify blood up to 1.4%. After the first 12 h, both transducers were able to detect blood up to 0.5% concentration. However, at concentrations below 0.5%, there was discordance in the ability to detect blood, with both transducers. There was no correlation between the signal intensities of MRI images and concentration of blood, at different time intervals, irrespective of the magnetic field strength.ConclusionsDetection of blood using the USG is dependent on variables such as the concentration of blood, frequency of the transducer used and timing of the imaging. As the concentration of blood decreases below 0.5%, the discordance between the observers increases, implying that the detection limit of USG affects its reliability at lower concentrations of blood. Caution is urged while interpreting USG imaging studies for the detection of blood in symptomatic joints.
Capturing touch in parent–infant interaction: A comparison of methods
Authors: Brzozowska Alicja , Longo Matthew R. , Mareschal Denis , Wiesemann Frank , Gliga Teodora 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNaturally occurring high levels of caregiver touch promote offspring development in many animal species. Yet, caregiver touch remains a relatively understudied topic in human development, possibly due to challenges of measuring this means of interaction. While parental reports (e.g., questionnaires, diaries) are easy to collect, they may be subject to biases and memory limitations. In contrast, observing touch in a short session of parent–child interaction in the lab may not be representative of touch interaction in daily life. In the present study, we compared parent reports (one‐off questionnaires and diary) and observation‐based methods in a sample of German 6‐ to 13‐month‐olds and their primary caregivers (n = 71). In an attempt to characterize touching behaviors across a broad range of contexts, we measured touch both during play and while the parent was engaged in another activity. We found that context affected both the quantity and types of touch used in interaction. Parent‐reported touch was moderately associated with touch observed in parent–child interactions and more strongly with touch used during play. We conclude that brief one‐off questionnaires are a good indicator of touch in parent–child interaction, yet they may be biased toward representing particular daily activities and particular types of touch.
Conceptualising climate‐riskification for analysing climate security
Authors: Odeyemi Christo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper seeks to develop climate‐riskification as a new analytical tool that can better address the nuances of climate security and climate risk discourses. The paper complements the riskification framework but moves beyond it in two crucial respects: the new tool substantiates the analytical relevance of this framework; and the paper respond to two common criticisms of the framework. First, climate change may not be articulated based on a security risk perspective at the expense of a security threat given that the logics of risk and threat do intersect. Second, the riskification of climate change may be counterproductive. The paper argues that the climate‐riskification tool can help researchers working on climate security to better understand the topic and the role of interstate institutions in the climate security debate. It briefly examines formal debates on climate and security in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The data generated from this context revealed that climate‐riskification has occurred in the UNSC, indicating the reality of climate‐related security risks – a motivation for proponents of climate security to continue riskifying moves whenever this topic is debated again. Future researchers might want to empirically examine the climate‐riskification tool using relevant interstate institutions as case studies.
The tensile damage behavior of SiCf/SiC–B4C after oxidation in wet atmosphere based on acoustic emission pattern recognition
Authors: Shan Qingliang , Xu Qiankun , Xue Yudong , Lian Jiawei , Wang Yewei , Chen Changrong , Zhou Yuqian , Ma Qian , Shui Anze 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this research, SiCf/SiC–B4C composites were prepared through slurry impregnation and reaction melting infiltration (RMI). To explore the damage evolution of this composites after oxidation in wet atmosphere, the changes of damage behavior of composites before and after oxidation were studied using acoustic emission (AE) pattern recognition (PR) technology. Results show that since the damage behavior of the composites changes after oxidation, the optimal number of clusters transforms from 3 to 5. In addition, as the oxidation time increases, the area of concentration of damage events is gradually broadened towards lower stress direction due to the decrease of damage threshold of composites. Meanwhile, because the BN interface is gradually oxidized, the density of C3‐cracks (axial yarns cracks) near the fracture and the proportion of Cluster‐4 (the signals of transverse yarns cracks) will increase, for which the rising of interfacial shear stress should be responsible. Through this research, not only can the damage evolution of SiCf/SiC–B4C composites after oxidation be understood, but also the method employed in this research can be as guide for studying other similar materials.
Geographical variation in ant foraging activity and resource use is driven by climate and net primary productivity
Authors: Lasmar Chaim J. , Bishop Tom R. , Parr Catherine L. , Queiroz Antônio C. M. , Schmidt Fernando A. , Ribas Carla R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimForaging activity is critical for animal survival. Comprehending how ecological drivers influence foraging behaviour would benefit our understanding of the link between animals and ecological processes. Here, we evaluated the influence of ecological drivers on ant foraging activity and relative resource use.LocationSix Brazilian biomes: Amazon, Atlantic rainforest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pampa and Pantanal.TaxonFormicidae.MethodsWe assessed ant foraging activity and resource use by sampling across 60 sites. We placed baited tubes that contained one of five liquid resources (sugar, lipids, amino acid, sodium and distilled water). We used model selection to assess the influence of ecological drivers (temperature, precipitation, temperature seasonality and net primary productivity) on ant foraging activity and relative resource use.ResultsForaging activity was higher in wetter, more productive and less thermally seasonal environments. The relative use of amino acids increased at higher temperatures while the relative use of lipids decreased. The relative use of sugar increased in drier and less productive environments with high‐temperature seasonality while the relative use of amino acid and sodium decreased in those environments. The relative use of lipids was complex: increasing with increasing temperature seasonality and decreasing with increasing precipitation. Furthermore, the relative use of sodium was greater where the foraging activity was high.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate how ecological drivers are correlated with ant foraging activity and resource use in the field across large spatial scales. The search for resources encompasses different interactions involving ants with abiotic and biotic components in the ecosystem. Thus, we suggest that changes in climate and NPP, which influence the intensity and the way that ants search for resources, will result in changes in ant‐mediated ecological processes.
Climate and geological change as drivers of Mauritiinae palm biogeography
Authors: Bogotá‐Ángel Giovanni , Huang Huasheng , Jardine Phillip E. , Chazot Nicolas , Salamanca Sonia , Banks Hannah , Pardo‐Trujillo Andres , Plata Angelo , Dueñas Hernando , Star Wim , Langelaan Rob , Eisawi Ali , Umeji Obianuju P. , Enuenwemba Lucky O. , Parmar Shalini , da Silveira Rosemery Rocha , Lim Jun Ying , Prasad Vandana , Morley Robert J. , Bacon Christine D. , Hoorn Carina 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAimForest composition and distribution are determined by a myriad of factors, including climate. As models of tropical rain forest, palms are often used as indicator taxa, particularly the Mauritiinae. We question, what characterizes the Mauritiinae pollen in the global fossil record? And when did the Mauritiinae become endemic to South America?LocationGlobal tropics.TaxonMauritiinae palms (Arecaceae: Lepidocaryeae).MethodsPollen trait data from extinct and extant Mauritiinae pollen were generated from light‐, scanning‐, and transmission electron microscopy. Statistical morphometric analysis was used to define species and their relationships to other Mauritiinae. We also compiled a comprehensive pollen database for extinct and extant Mauritiinae and mapped their global geographical distribution from Late Cretaceous to present, using GBIF and fossil data.ResultsOur morphometric analysis identified 18 species (11 extinct and seven extant), all exhibiting exine indentations, a synapomorphy of the subtribe. The fossil taxa and early divergent extant Lepidocaryum are all monosulcate, whereas the extant Mauritia and Mauritiella species are all monoulcerate. Paleobiogeographical maps of fossil Mauritiinae pollen occurrences suggest the taxon originated in equatorial Africa during the Cretaceous, and expanded their range to South America, and to India in the Paleocene. Range retraction started in the early Eocene with extirpation from India, and reduction in diversity in Africa culminating at the Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT). In contrast, in South America, the distribution is maintained, and since the Neogene Mauritiinae palms are mostly restricted to swampy, lowland habitats.Main conclusionsMorphometric analysis shows that since their origin Mauritiinae pollen are relatively species poor, and Mauritiidites resembles Lepidocaryum. We also conclude that the biogeographical history of the Mauriitinae and, by extension, tropical forests was strongly affected by global climatic cooling events. In particular, the climate change at the EOT was a fundamental determinant of current tropical forest distribution.
Effects of methylphenidate on executive functioning in children and adolescents with ADHD after long‐term use: a randomized, placebo‐controlled discontinuation study
Authors: Rosenau Paul T. , Openneer Thaïra J. C. , Matthijssen Anne‐Flore M. , van de Loo‐Neus Gigi H. H. , Buitelaar Jan K. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Dietrich Andrea 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundMethylphenidate may improve executive functioning in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is unclear if there are still acute effects of methylphenidate on executive functioning after long‐term use.MethodsIn a randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled discontinuation study, 94 children and adolescents (ages 8–18 years) who used methylphenidate beyond two years were either assigned to seven weeks of continued treatment with 36 or 54 mg of extended‐release methylphenidate or to gradual withdrawal over three weeks to placebo for four weeks. Performance on neuropsychological tasks, measuring working memory, response inhibition, attentional flexibility and psychomotor speed was compared between both groups using mixed models for repeated measures. Additionally, we investigated within the discontinuation group if a deterioration on the investigator‐rated Clinical Global Impressions Improvement scale after withdrawing to placebo was related to a worse performance on the neuropsychological tasks. This study was registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (www. Trialregister.nl) with identifier 5252.ResultsAfter withdrawal of methylphenidate, the discontinuation group made more errors on working memory (β = −1.62, SD = 0.56, t = −2.88, p = .01, Cohen’s f2 = .14), independent from reaction time compared to baseline, in contrast to the continuation group. We did not find differences in changes in response inhibition, attentional flexibility and psychomotor speed between the two groups. Also, there were no significant differences in task measures between the participants who deteriorated clinically and those who did not.ConclusionsOur study shows that methylphenidate has a beneficial effect on working memory after two years of use. Future studies should explore whether cognitive outcomes may aid clinical decision‐making on the continued use of methylphenidate, given dissociation between cognitive and behavioural effects of stimulant medication.
Polygenic risk for depression, anxiety and neuroticism are associated with the severity and rate of change in depressive symptoms across adolescence
Authors: Kwong Alex S. F. , Morris Tim T. , Pearson Rebecca M. , Timpson Nicholas J. , Rice Frances , Stergiakouli Evie , Tilling Kate 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAdolescence marks a period where depression will commonly onset. Twin studies show that genetic influences play a role in how depression develops and changes across adolescence. Recent genome‐wide association studies highlight that common genetic variants – which can be combined into polygenic risk scores (PRS) – are also implicated in depression. However, the role of PRS in adolescent depression and changes in adolescent depression is not yet understood. We aimed to examine associations between PRS for five psychiatric traits and depressive symptoms measured across adolescence using cross‐sectional and growth‐curve models. The five PRS were as follows: depression (DEP), major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety (ANX), neuroticism (NEU) and schizophrenia (SCZ).MethodsWe used data from over 6,000 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to examine associations between the five PRS and self‐reported depressive symptoms (Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) over 9 occasions from 10 to 24 years. The PRS were created from well‐powered genome‐wide association studies conducted in adult populations. We examined cross‐sectional associations between the PRS at each age and then again with longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms in a repeated measures framework using multilevel growth‐curve analysis to examine the severity and the rate of change.ResultsThere was strong evidence that higher PRS for DEP, MDD and NEU were associated with worse depressive symptoms throughout adolescence and into young adulthood in our cross‐sectional analysis, with consistent associations observed across all nine occasions. Growth‐curve analyses provided stronger associations (as measured by effect sizes) and additional insights, demonstrating that individuals with higher PRS for DEP, MDD and NEU had steeper trajectories of depressive symptoms across development, all with a greater increasing rate of change during adolescence. Evidence was less consistent for the ANX and SCZ PRS in the cross‐sectional analysis, yet there was some evidence for an increasing rate of change in adolescence in the growth‐curve analyses with the ANX PRS.ConclusionsThese results show that common genetic variants as indexed by varying psychiatric PRS show patterns of specificity that influence both the severity and rate of change in depressive symptoms throughout adolescence and then into young adulthood. Longitudinal data that make use of repeated measures designs have the potential to provide greater insights how genetic factors influence the onset and persistence of adolescent depression.