bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of temperature on the spatial learning rate of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Babkiewicz Ewa , Surga Krzysztof , Gliwicz Zbigniew Maciej , Maszczyk Piotr 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTemperature has a wide range of effects on the biology and ecology of ectotherms, including fish. However, the literature provides only a few studies assessing its effect on their cognitive abilities. We tested the effect of temperature on the spatial learning rate of zebrafish by comparing the daily rate of change in the number of fish choosing the correct arm first and behavioural performance (i.e., distance travelled, time needed to locate the daily food reward and swimming speed) in two temperatures (21 and 31°C) in 7 successive sessions. The daily rate of change in behavioural performance was expressed as the percentage difference between the value in a given session and the value in the previous session. Two experiments were performed in a T‐maze with single feeders in the arms, one empty and the other with a food reward. In each of the experiments, we used 10 naive fish, which were placed in the T‐maze individually once a day. The fish were fed between sessions to avoid increasing differences in hunger levels and, in turn, increasing the differences in motivation to find the food between the temperature treatments. The results revealed that the learning rate was greater at the higher temperature, which was apparent in a greater percentage reduction in the time and distance travelled needed to locate the daily food reward between successive sessions at the higher temperature than at the lower temperature. The results show there was a significant effect of temperature on the daily rate of change in the number of fish choosing the correct arm, distance travelled and time needed to locate the daily food reward, which may be attributed to the positive effect of temperature on learning rate, and may indicate the importance of temperature for the cognitive testing of zebrafish.
Experimental gluten‐free biscuits with underexploited flours versus commercial products: Preference pattern and sensory characterisation by Check All That Apply Questionnaire
Authors: Di Cairano Maria , Condelli Nicola , Galgano Fernanda , Caruso Marisa C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcceptability and the sensory profile of experimental and commercial gluten‐free biscuits were evaluated using a consumer test. Experimental biscuits contained flours little employed in commercial gluten‐free products (buckwheat, sorghum and lentil) and without rice and maize flours and starches. Liking scores, answers to a Check All That Apply questionnaire and responses to a dietary habits survey were collected from consumers. Consumers were clustered through Hierarchical Clustering of Principal Components and CLUSCATA. Interestingly, the cluster that, based on dietary habits survey, was more used to the consumption of wholemeal biscuits preferred experimental formulations. On the contrary, liking scores expressed by consumers that consumed less often wholemeal biscuits were below the threshold of acceptance. Different groups of consumers had a diverse perception of the products and different drivers of liking and disliking. The information achieved in this study confirms the importance of consumers’ data.
Distinct antigen uptake receptors route to the same storage compartments for cross‐presentation in dendritic cells
Authors: Ho Nataschja I. , Camps Marcel G. , Garcia‐Vallejo Juan J. , Bos Erik , Koster Abraham J. , Verdoes Martijn , van Kooyk Yvette , Ossendorp Ferry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn exclusive feature of dendritic cells (DCs) is their capacity to present exogenous antigens by MHC class I molecules, called cross‐presentation. Here, we show that protein antigen can be conserved in mature murine DCs for several days in a lysosome‐like storage compartment, distinct from MHC class II and early endosomal compartments, as an internal source for the supply of MHC class I ligands. Using two different uptake routes via Fcγ receptors and C‐type lectin receptors, we could show that antigens were routed towards the same endolysosomal compartments after 48 h. The antigen‐containing compartments lacked co‐expression of molecules involved in MHC class I processing and presentation including TAP and proteasome subunits as shown by single‐cell imaging flow cytometry. Moreover, we observed the absence of cathepsin S but selective co‐localization of active cathepsin X with protein antigen in the storage compartments. This indicates cathepsin S‐independent antigen degradation and a novel but yet undefined role for cathepsin X in antigen processing and cross‐presentation by DCs. In summary, our data suggest that these antigen‐containing compartments in DCs can conserve protein antigens from different uptake routes and contribute to long‐lasting antigen cross‐presentation.
Characterization and criteria of phase transformations and lattice slipping in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals
Authors: Yang Shengyao , Zhang Liangchi , Wu Zhonghuai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBeing an important nonlinear optical material, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) has been widely used in many technological fields such as laser frequency conversion and high‐speed Q‐switching. Nevertheless, KDP is one of the most difficult‐to‐handle materials because it is prone to phase transformations under mechanical loading during component fabrication. This study investigated the mechanisms of phase transformations and microstructural lattice slipping in KDP with the aid of molecular dynamics (MD) analysis. A fundamental structural characterization method was established to identify the structural changes, enabling the determination of the corresponding trigger criteria. The results showed that various phase transformations can be initiated under a range of mechanical loading conditions. Microstructural lattice slipping can be nucleated via different mechanisms. These findings provide insights for developing damage‐free manufacturing processes of ultraprecision KDP components.
Effectiveness of xenogeneic and synthetic bone‐block substitute materials with/without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2: A preclinical study using a rabbit calvarium model
Authors: Lim Hyun‐Chang , Paeng Kyeong‐Won , Jung Ui‐Won , Benic Goran I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate new bone (NB) formation by using bone‐block substitute materials with/without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2).Materials and MethodsThree synthetic bone‐block substitute materials [biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP); nanostructured hydroxyapatite (NH); 3D‐printed tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (3DP)] and one xenogeneic deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) block substitute were affixed to rabbit calvarium using osteosynthesis screws, either with rhBMP‐2 (n = 12) or without rhBMP‐2 (n = 16). At 2 or 12 weeks (n = 6 with rhBMP‐2 and n = 8 without rhBMP‐2 for each week), histologic, histomorphometric and microcomputed tomography analyses were performed.ResultsThe application of rhBMP‐2 increased NB formation in all experimental groups at both weeks. DBBM resulted in a greater area of NB compared with synthetic blocks either with or without rhBMP‐2 at 2 weeks (2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5–1.9 ± 1.4 mm2; 1.4 ± 1.0 vs. 0.6 ± 0.3–0.9 ± 0.5 mm2) and without rhBMP‐2 at 12 weeks (3.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.7 ± 0.7–2.6 ± 1.5 mm2) (p > 0.05). NB formation did not differ significantly for DBBM and the three types of synthetic block with rhBMP‐2 at 12 weeks (4.5 ± 2.0 vs. 3.8 ± 0.7–5.1 ± 1.1 mm2; p > 0.05).ConclusionsrhBMP‐2 enhanced NB in all blocks. DBBM blocks yielded more NB than synthetic blocks without rhBMP‐2. The application of rhBMP‐2 appears to compensate for differences in late healing.
Systemic inflammation and the relationship between periodontitis, edentulism, and all‐cause mortality: A 17‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Winning Lewis , Patterson Christopher C. , Linden Katie , Cullen Kathy M. , Kee Frank , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim was to investigate the role of systemic inflammation in the relationship between periodontitis, edentulism, and all‐cause mortality in a group of men in Northern Ireland aged 58–72 years.Materials and methodsA representative sample of 1558 men had a detailed dental examination between 2001 and 2003. The primary end point was death from any cause. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to assess the longitudinal relationship between periodontitis, edentulism, and all‐cause mortality. Accelerated failure time modelling was performed to investigate the mediating role of systemic inflammation.ResultsMean age of the men at baseline was 64.3 (standard deviation 2.9) years. During a median follow‐up of 17 years, 500 (32.1%) men died. After adjustment for confounding variables, compared to men with no/mild periodontitis, edentulous men had a hazard ratio for all‐cause mortality of 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.99) p < .01 and for those with severe periodontitis, it was 1.34 (95% CI 1.06–1.70) p = .01. Systemic inflammation accounted only for a minor mediating pathway effect of 10%.ConclusionsThere was evidence in this group of men that those who were edentulous or had severe periodontitis had a significantly increased risk of all‐cause mortality. Systemic inflammation was not a major explanatory mediator of this association.
Clinical utility of 1‐month postpartum random plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin combined with pre‐pregnancy body mass index for detecting postpartum glucose intolerance in Japanese women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Sugiyama Kazutoshi , Saisho Yoshifumi , Kasuga Yoshifumi , Ochiai Daigo , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the Japanese Society of Diabetes and Pregnancy proposed the use of random plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin measured 1 month after delivery combined with pre‐pregnancy body mass index to detect postpartum glucose intolerance instead of carrying out the oral glucose tolerance test in women with gestational diabetes. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical utility of this strategy to detect postpartum glucose intolerance evaluated by the oral glucose tolerance test after delivery. A total of 275 Japanese women with gestational diabetes were included in the present study. The specificity of 1‐month postpartum random plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin combined with pre‐pregnancy body mass index to predict postpartum glucose intolerance was 98.0%, with a negative predictive value of 72.6%. However, sensitivity was 6.4%, with a positive predictive value of 55.6%. In conclusion, this Japanese Society of Diabetes and Pregnancy strategy showed high specificity, but low sensitivity, for detecting glucose intolerance postpartum.
Primary root and root hair development regulation by OsAUX4 and its participation in the phosphate starvation response
Authors: Ye Rigui , Wu Yunrong , Gao Zhenyu , Chen Hao , Jia Lixia , Li Dongming , Li Xugang , Qian Qian , Qi Yanhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmong the five members of AUX1/LAX genes coding for auxin carriers in rice, only OsAUX1 and OsAUX3 have been reported. To understand the function of the other AUX1/LAX genes, two independent alleles of osaux4 mutants, osaux4‐1 and osaux4‐2, were constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system. Homozygous osaux4‐1 or osaux4‐2 exhibited shorter primary root (PR) and longer root hair (RH) compared to the wild‐type Dongjin (WT/DJ), and lost response to indoleacetic acid (IAA) treatment. OsAUX4 is intensively expressed in roots and localized on the plasma membrane, suggesting that OsAUX4 might function in the regulation of root development. The decreased meristem cell division activity and the downregulated expression of cell cycle genes in root apices of osaux4 mutants supported the hypothesis that OsAUX4 positively regulates PR elongation. OsAUX4 is expressed in RH, and osaux4 mutants showing longer RH compared to WT/DJ implies that OsAUX4 negatively regulates RH development. Furthermore, osaux4 mutants are insensitive to Pi starvation (‐Pi) and OsAUX4 effects on the ‐Pi response is associated with altered expression levels of Pi starvation‐regulated genes, and auxin distribution/contents. This study revealed that OsAUX4 not only regulates PR and RH development but also plays a regulatory role in crosstalk between auxin and ‐Pi signaling.
Integrating Facial and Intraoral Scans for Digital Esthetic and Occlusal Design: A Technical Report
Authors: Sun Ao , Yang Yang , Gao Hanqi , Lin Wei‐Shao , Chen Li , Tan Jianguo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe provisional prosthesis is a prerequisite for prosthodontic rehabilitation. The purpose of this technique was to register facial and intraoral scans predictably. A 3D virtual patient was created through facial scans, intraoral scans, digital face‐bow transfer, and digital cross‐articulation technique. This virtual patient allowed predictable positioning of intraoral scans to a virtual articulator by using digital face‐bow transfer. The resulting virtual patient facilitated the design of definitive prostheses following a facially generated treatment planning principle. In addition, the virtual articulator was used to improve occlusal design on the definitive prostheses and reduce the need for intraoral adjustment.
Spatial distribution of apoplastic antioxidative constituents in maize root
Authors: Dragišić Maksimović Jelena , Mojović Miloš , Vučinić Željko , Maksimović Vuk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractApoplastic antioxidative constituents (enzymes, primary and secondary metabolites, ROS) from different root zones of hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated using a noninvasive isolation procedure: filter strip method. Filter strips were placed at specific positions on the root surface: apical zone (tip) and basal zone (base) to absorb apoplastic fluid. Three major classes of low‐weight metabolites (organic acids, sugars, and phenolics) have been identified by HPLC‐ECD. The longitudinal distribution of sugars and organic acids had the same pattern: higher concentration in the tip than the base, while it was vice versa for phenolics. The specific activities of guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase were higher in the apoplastic fluid from the root base than the tip, and their different isoforms were separated by isoelectric focusing. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with the spin‐trapping method using DEPMPO showed a persistent generation of hydroxyl radical in the root tip. In vivo EPR imaging of the whole maize root with membrane‐permeable and impermeable aminoxyl spin‐probes, enabling real‐time detection of ROS formation within and outside the membranes, demonstrated ROS accumulation on the root surface, while endodermis and central cylinder were ROS free. For the first time in plant research, 2D EPR images enabled the direct demonstration of site‐specific free radical production along the root. Highly sensitive analytical techniques combined with the filter strips, as a non‐invasive tool, have increased our knowledge of metabolic processes occurring in the apoplast and their spatial–temporal changes in small regions of the intact root tissue.
Velocity, Temperature, and Heat-Transfer Measurements in a Turbulent Boundary Layer Downstream of a Stepwise Discontinuity in Wall Temperature
Authors: Johnson D. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Results are presented of an experimental investigation of the concomitant thermal and velocity fields occurring when there is a small stepwise discontinuity in the temperature of the wall on which a zero-pressure-gradient, low-speed, turbulent boundary layer has formed. The mean velocity and temperature fields have been measured and local heat-transfer-coefficient values in the stream-wise direction have been obtained in the region where the thermal boundary layer has not yet reached the free stream. No over-all similarity between the thermal and velocity fields was found.
Experiments for the Determination of Transient Stress and Strain Distributions in Two-Dimensional Problems
Authors: Durelli A. J. , Riley W. F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The object of this investigation was to develop a method utilizing photoelasticity for determining transient stress and strain distributions in two-dimensional problems. Numerous investigators have approached this problem using the common photoelastic materials which have a relatively high modulus of elasticity and correspondingly high velocity of wave propagation. However, many difficulties were encountered in photographically recording data, and only a few reliable stress patterns were obtained. In order to avoid these difficulties, a material with a low modulus of elasticity and a correspondingly low velocity of wave propagation was developed. As a result the 8-mm. Fastax camera is capable of recording precise fringe patterns. The material used was a member of the epoxy-resin family, modified to give the desired properties. Both its static and dynamic properties were determined as accurately as possible. It was found that the strain-fringe value of the material is approximately constant, but the modulus of elasticity and stress-fringe value are different for static and dynamic loadings. Preliminary studies were conducted to develop the method using a circular disk under a radially applied concentrated impact load as the model. A simply supported beam under central impact was then studied, and deflection curves obtained were compared with curves theoretically predicted by Saint Venant and Flamant. The comparisons showed good agreement. An analysis of the formation of the fringe pattern for various times after impact also was made.
Effect of Stress on Creep at High Temperatures
Authors: Laks H. , Wiseman C. D. , Sherby O. D. , Dorn J. E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Experimental investigations on pure aluminum and its dilute solid-solution alloys revealed that the high-temperature creep rate ϵ̇ is related to the stress σ by ϵ̇ ∼ σn for low stresses and ϵ̇ ∼ eBσ for high stresses where n and B are constants independent of the creep strain and temperature. According to a preliminary dislocation-climb model for high-temperature creep, the activation energy for creep is that for self-diffusion, the effect of stress on the creep rate depends on the number of active Frank-Read sources, and the rate of climb depends on the structure as determined by the pattern of climbing dislocations. Many of the experimental observations on high-temperature creep can be accounted for by this model.
Some Mixed Boundary-Value Problems of the Semi-Infinite Strip
Authors: Horvay G. , Born J. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rigorous and approximate (variational) solutions are given for the semi-infinite elastic strip, traction-free along the long edges, when the short edge is subjected (a) to a quadratic shear displacement, zero normal stress, (b) to a cubic normal displacement, zero shear stress. The approximate method of self-equilibrating functions is extended.
Motion and Stress of an Elastic Cable Due to Impact
Authors: Ringleb F. O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The motion and stress of an initially straight elastic cable one point of which suddenly moves with a constant vector velocity are studied. Formulas for the phase velocities of waves of constant stress and of waves of constant slope including the effect of initial tension and neglecting lateral contraction are derived. Under these assumptions exact and approximate relations between the impact stress and the distribution of energy in the cable are derived and discussed. The theoretical results (which had been classified for a considerable time) are compared with results from tests on aircraft arresting gears carried out at the Naval Air Engineering Facility (Ship Installations), Philadelphia, Pa.
Stresses in Beams During Transverse Impact
Authors: Barnhart K. E. , Goldsmith Werner 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A theory is developed for the transverse impact of spheres on elastic beams which incorporates a dynamic plastic force-indentation law and linear elastic boundary conditions. A method is devised to account for the effect of an infinite number of bending modes. The influence of various force-indentation relations on the calculated stress history is discussed and a comparison with an experimental stress curve is provided.
Buckling of Rectangular Plates With Two Unsupported Edges
Authors: Shuleshko P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper the elastic stability of rectangular plates compressed in two perpendicular directions by forces uniformly distributed along the edges is considered. Edges x = 0, and x = a are simply supported, edges y = ±b/2 are unsupported (Fig. 2a). The nondimensional coefficient k = Pa2/π2D for various ratios b/a and ν = P1/P2 (0 ≤ ν ≤ ∞) is tabulated and corresponding graphs are presented.
Molecular Simulations of CO2/CH4, CO2/N2 and N2/CH4 Binary Mixed Hydrates
Authors: Sizova A. A. , Grintsevich S. A. , Kochurin M. A. , Sizov V. V. , Brodskaya E. N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were performed to study the occupancy of structure I multicomponent gas hydrates by CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, and N2/CH4 binary gas mixtures with various compositions at a temperature of 270 K and pressures up to 70 atm. The presence of nitrogen in the gas mixture allows for an increase of both the hydrate framework selectivity to CO2 and the amount of carbon dioxide encapsulated in hydrate cages, as compared to the CO2/CH4 hydrate. Despite the selectivity to CH4 molecules demonstrated by N2/CH4 hydrate, nitrogen can compete with methane if the gas mixture contains at least 70% of N2.
Respiratory support after delayed cord clamping: a prospective cohort study of at-risk births at ≥35+0 weeks gestation
Authors: Badurdeen Shiraz , Santomartino Georgia A , Thio Marta , Heng Alissa , Woodward Anthony , Polglase Graeme R , Hooper Stuart B , Blank Douglas A , Davis Peter G 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors associated with delivery room respiratory support in at-risk infants who are initially vigorous and received delayed cord clamping (DCC).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTwo perinatal centres in Melbourne, Australia.PatientsAt-risk infants born at ≥35+0 weeks gestation with a paediatric doctor in attendance who were initially vigorous and received DCC for >60 s.Main outcome measuresDelivery room respiratory support defined as facemask positive pressure ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure and/or supplemental oxygen within 10 min of birth.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety-eight infants born at a median (IQR) gestational age of 39+3 (38+2–40+2) weeks were included. Cord clamping occurred at a median (IQR) of 128 (123–145) s. Forty-four (15%) infants received respiratory support at a median of 214 (IQR 156–326) s after birth. Neonatal unit admission for respiratory distress occurred in 32% of infants receiving delivery room respiratory support vs 1% of infants who did not receive delivery room respiratory support (p<0.001). Risk factors independently associated with delivery room respiratory support were average heart rate (HR) at 90–120 s after birth (determined using three-lead ECG), mode of birth and time to establish regular cries. Decision tree analysis identified that infants at highest risk had an average HR of <165 beats per minute at 90–120 s after birth following caesarean section (risk of 39%). Infants with an average HR of ≥165 beats per minute at 90–120 s after birth were at low risk (5%).ConclusionsWe present a clinical decision pathway for at-risk infants who may benefit from close observation following DCC. Our findings provide a novel perspective of HR beyond the traditional threshold of 100 beats per minute.