bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imposing criminal liability on juveniles: problem issues and ways to address them
Authors: Kravchuk S. 
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the issues of how to impose criminal liability on juveniles. Based on the analysis of consistency between the effective Criminal Code of Ukraine and the international standards of juvenile rights protection, the author has outlined the ways of how to improve the existing legal standards of such imposing. More specifically, the grounds for punishment mitigation have been determined depending on the gravity of offence.
The punishment should be consistent with the offence committed. And the best way to match the punishment and the offence is when the punishment derives from the offence itself, from its nature. A fine will be a good enough response, because it makes the committed offence kind of unprofitable for the convicted individual.
One of the punishments that the Criminal Code of Ukraine anticipates for juveniles is a fine. However, Article 99 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine mentions no minimum fine amount allowed for juveniles. As these specific standards are absent, juveniles should be subject to the general standards available, i.e. the minimum fine amount is equal for both juveniles and adults. It would be reasonable to decrease the minimum fine amount for juveniles in the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author believes that the only guarantee for this fine to be paid can be the standalone property owned by the convicted individual, which could be foreclosed.
An important type of punishment for juveniles is correction works. However, no specific conditions of its imposing on juveniles exist. One of the major ways to influence the individual convicted to correction works is labor and disciplinary impact of the labor collective (employees), which is but unfeasible today. In fact, no legal pattern exists to ensure that the employees will fulfill their obligations to rehabilitate the convicted individuals.
Yet another type of punishment that Article 98 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine anticipates for juveniles is arrest.
That arrest is considered a milder type of punishment in the punishment list than restraint can be deemed a disadvantage of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, 2001. At the same time, it is proposed to impose the so-called “youth arrest” on the juveniles of fourteen and on older ones, i.e. the service of punishment on days-off or holidays.
The analysis of the system of punishments imposed on juveniles for the committed offences, which has been made in this article, shows that this system not always makes it possible to select the punishment consistent with the action committed. That is why the author has proposed to add new types of punishment to the already existing statutory system of punishments, such as obligating a juvenile to recover the caused damage or to execute certain works in favor of the affected party to compensate it for the damage caused; depriving a juvenile of the right to be engaged in certain activities; sending a juvenile to a special custodial rehabilitation center.
International legal regulation of transnational cybercrime in cyberspace
Authors: Popko V.V. , Popko E.V. 
Published: December 2021

The article considers the international legal regulation of combating cybercrime, which is considered as a transnational phenomenon. In the group of transnational crimes, along with drug trafficking, terrorist acts, money laundering, illegal import of migrants, human trafficking, firearms trafficking, counterfeiting, etc., cybercrimes play an important role in terms of public harm, unprecedented and rapid growth. The mechanisms and directions of the fight against cybercrime developed by international criminal law are studied, among which the international legal regulation is of fundamental importance, and difficulties in defining the concepts of "cybercrime" and "computer crimes" are noted. The classification of types of cybercrimes is given and their most characteristic features are revealed.
The author analyzes the international normative documents that form the legal basis for regulating relations in the field of international cybercrime, among which the most prominent are conventions, including the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of November 15, 2000, the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime of November 23, 2001 and Additional Protocol to it of January 28, 2003. The obligations of states to criminalize cybercrime in national legislation are analyzed, the types of illegal actions related to cybercrime are considered, in particular the main four groups of crimes classified in the 2001 Cybercrime Convention by Gender object and on specific grounds of the object of encroachment: 1) crimes against confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems; 2) offenses related to the use of computer tools; 3) offenses related to the content of data; 4) offenses related to infringement of copyright and compatible rights, as well as additional types of liability and sanctions (attempt, complicity). The Protocol to the 2003 Cybercrime Convention expands this range of crimes and contains obligations to criminalize the following acts: distribution of racist and xenophobic material through computer systems. The limitation of the 2001 Convention on Cybercrime, adopted by the Council of Europe, and the need to adopt a universal instrument that would significantly increase the fight against cybercrime are noted.
Mathematical function data model analysis and synthesis system based on short-term human movement
Authors: An Xuemei , Yang Rui , Alghazzawi Daniyal M. , Joseph Nympha Rita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper proposes a data model analysis algorithm for human motion function based on short-term behaviour. The algorithm uses a functional data analysis (FDA) method to perform Fourier fitting on the motion data and extract the fitted approximate single period data. Finally, the algorithm depicts the internal change in the motion in the low-dimensional space. The study found that the characteristic motion data obtained by the algorithm has smooth characteristics, and the relevant case analysis also verifies the algorithm's effectiveness.
Midwifery students don’t sell shoes! A comment on midwifery education in Germany. / Hebammenstudierende verkaufen keine Schuhe! Ein Kommentar zur Hebammenausbildung in Deutschland.
Authors: Groß Mechthild M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag ist ein Kommentar zur Hebammenausbildung in Deutschland aus der Perspektive einer Studiengangleitung. Er war ein Beitrag fürs VFWG-Symposium «Sind duale Studiengänge der Hebammen ein Modell für die Therapieberufe?» vom 18. März 2021.
Midwifery education as a bachelor course at the university of applied sciences in Germany: a success with challenges / Hebammenausbildung als Studium: ein Erfolg mit Herausforderungen
Authors: Hellmers Claudia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag ist ein Kommentar zur Hebammenausbildung in Deutschland aus der Perspektive einer Studiengangleitung. Er war ein Beitrag fürs VFWG-Symposium «Sind duale Studiengänge der Hebammen ein Modell für die Therapieberufe?» vom 18. März 2021.
Biodiversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates on Gökçeada Island (North Aegean Sea, Turkey)
Authors: Odabaşı Serpil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Island ecosystems have attracted the attention of scientists since the early days of science because of their formation and biodiversity. Despite their abundant freshwater resources, data on freshwater diversity of Gökçeada are incomplete, especially for macroinvertebrates. This study was conducted in a wide range of freshwater ecosystems on Gökçeada between May 2016 and September 2018. Sampling of macroinvertebrates was performed using a hand net from 34 pre-selected sampling sites on the island. A total of 78 aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa were found, 46 of which are new records for the island. The most common species during the study were Gammarus komareki and Bythinella gokceadaensis with a frequency of 25.93%, followed by Tubifex tubifex, Gammarus sp. and Caenis sp. with a frequency of 22.22%. Endemic and invasive species on the island were assessed according to their presence and frequency values. Based on the results of the current study and previous data, it can be concluded that Gökçeada is characterized by a remarkable species diversity compared to aquatic macroinvertebrates on other Aegean islands.
Otolith phenotypic analysis for the endemic Anatolian fish species, Caucasian bleak Alburnus escherichii Steindachner, 1897 (Teleostei, Leuciscidae), from Selevir Reservoir, Akarçay Basin, Turkey
Authors: Ozpicak Melek , Saygin Semra , Yilmaz Savas , Polat Nazmi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Otolith phenotypic variability was analyzed in the Caucasian bleak (Alburnus escherichii) from the Selevir Reservoir in Turkey. Utricular (lapillus) and lagenar (asteriscus) otoliths were removed, while distinguishing between left and right otoliths. All otoliths were photographed on the distal (for asterisci) and dorsal surface (for lapilli) using a Leica DF295 digital camera. Otolith morphometrics were measured to the nearest 0.001 mm using Leica Imaging Software. Linear and nonlinear (power) models were applied to determine the relationships between otolith measurements and total length of fish individuals. Two length classes (Class I: 6.7–10.9 cm Lt
; Class II: 11.0–15.0 cm Lt
) were established to analyze the shape of otoliths. The Form Factor, Circularity, Roundness, Rectangularity, Aspect Ratio and Ellipticity were used to analyze the shape of otoliths. A standardized model was used to remove the effect of size on otolith measurements. Multivariate analysis was performed to detect differences in otolith shape variation. The results of discriminant function analysis showed that 79.9% of A. escherichii specimens were correctly classified by length classes. In this study, intraspecific variation of asteriscus and lapillus otoliths in A. escherichii is reported for the first time. The results of this study provide the first comprehensive data on otolith shape analysis and the relationship between otolith morphometrics and total length in the Caucasian bleak.
Analisis Peran Teman Sebaya dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Karier
Authors: Suwanto Insan , Mayasari Dian , Dhari Nurul Wulan 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan peran yang ditunjukkan oleh kelompok teman sebaya dalam mempengaruhi keputusan karier; 2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan karier. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui secara mendalam terkait peran teman sebaya dalam pengambilan keputusan karier siswa. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti melakukan wawancara terstruktur kepada keenam orang siswa kelas XII. Wawancara yang dilakukan dengan pedoman wawancara peran teman sebaya dan faktor pengambilan keputusan karier yang telah diuji melalui uji validitas konstruksi (judgement experts). Kemudian, data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles and Huberman yang terdiri dari data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/verification. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) peran kelompok teman sebaya terlihat pada aspek dukungan sosial, moral dan emosional; kebebasan berpendapat, bertindak atau menemukan identitas diri. Sedangkan aspek sebagai agen sosialisasi dan mengembangkan keterampilan tidak terlalu ditemukan pada teman sebaya. 2) Faktor kondisi lingkungan sangat berpengaruh dalam pengambilan keputusan karier. Sedangkan untuk faktor belajar tidak terlalu berpengaruh dalam pengambilan keputusan karier. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, hendaknya teman sebaya bisa memilih teman yang dapatÂ dijadikan sebagai role model dan Guru BK dapat memfasilitasi pembentukan kelompok teman sebaya yang membahas terkait permasalahan karier agar siswa bisa secara mandiri mengambil keputusan karier.Abstract: This study aims to: 1) describe the role shown by peer groups in influencing career decisions; 2) identify the causal factors that influence career decision making. This study uses a qualitative approach to know in-depth the role of peers in students' career decision-making. In collecting data, the researcher conducted structured interviews with the six students of class XII. Interviews were conducted using peer role interview guidelines and career decision-making factors that have been tested through construction validity tests (expert judgment). Then, the research data were analyzed using themodel Miles and Huberman consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed: 1) the role of peer groups was seen in aspects of social, moral and emotional support; freedom of opinion, action or self-identity. While the aspects as agents of socialization and developing skills are not found in peers. 2) Environmental conditions are very influential in making career decisions. Meanwhile, the learning factor is not very influential in making career decisions. Based on the results of the study, peers should be able to choose friends who can be used as role models and guidance and counseling teachers can facilitate the formation of peer groups that discuss career issues so that students can independently make career decisions.
Konseling Kelompok Cognitive Behaviour Teknik Thought Stopping untuk Mengurangi Anxiety Academic terhadap Skripsi
Authors: Lianasari Dewi , Purwati Purwati 
Published: December 2021

Kuantitas kelulusan tepat waktu mahasiswa menjadi hal yang penting bagi penilaian akreditasi program studi dan mahasiswa. Salah satu penyebab keterlambatan dalam kelulusan tepat waktu mahasiswa adalah kecemasan akademik terhadap skripsi atau sering disebut dengan anxiety academic. Tujuan yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah membantu mahasiswa untuk mengurangi anxiety academic terhadap skripsi melalui konseling kelompok pendekatan cognitive behaviour therapy teknik thought stopping. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimen one group pre test post test design dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konseling kelompok pendekatan Cognitive Behavior Therapy teknik Thought Stopping mampu mengurangi anxiety acedemic mahasiswa terhadap skripsi dibuktikan denganÂ hasil uji statistikÂ perhitungan Paired Samples test menunjukkan t-hitung = 13.132Â >Â t-tabel= 2.015.
CHRONOLOGY OF RAMPARTS IN EASTERN CRIMEA (2015-2018 EXCAVATIONS)
Authors: Супренков А. А. 
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена результатам работ автора на оборонительных валах Восточного Крыма в 2015-2018 гг. В ней кратко изложена история изучения этих объектов, рассматривается археологический материал, полученный в процессе работ, и делаются некоторые предположения относительно времени и обстоятельств возникновения этих масштабных сооружений.
The paper reports on excavations conducted by the author on defensive ramparts in Eastern Crimea in 2015-2018. It summarizes the history of the excavations on these fortifications, examines archaeological materials obtained during the excavations and provides some suggestions on the period and the circumstances concerning these impressive constructions.
DISCOVERING NEW ROCK ARTS AT MESHGIN SHAHR’S GHAFELEGHATAR, NORTHWEST OF IRAN
Authors: Абдолахи С. , Саттарнеджад С. , Парвин С. , Самари М. 
Published: December 2021

Исторический памятник Гафелегхатар открыт в 2018 г. во время археологических изысканий в провинции Ардабиль, расположенной на северо-западе Ирана. В общей сложности в указанном регионе зафиксировано 50 наскальных рисунков с изображением фигур козла, оленя и человека. Единичные и многофигурные изображения процарапаны или выбиты на блоках магнетита. На большинстве изученных камней изображены фигуры козла, сопоставимые с наскальными рисунками из Ирана и Азербайджана. Петроглифы отражают кочевой образ жизни охотников и собирателей, оставивших на камнях свои рисунки. Возраст этих изображений не установлен, поэтому для них не может быть пока предложена надежная датировка и четкая хронология.
The historical site of the Ghafeleghatar was discovered in 2018 during archaeological survey in the Ardabil province in the northwest of Iran. Totally 50 images including goat, deer, and human figures have been identified and documented in this area. These motifs are represented individually and in compositions placed on black magnetite stones by scratching and striking technique. Most of the images show goat, which is comparable to many specimen from Iran and Azerbaijan. The images illustrate the nomadic and hunting-gathering nature of the designers of these works. The periods of formation of the images are unclear, so that no reliable dating and clear chronology can be suggested based on comparative studies.
INTERPRETATION OF A GROUP OF TERRACOTTA FIGURINES FROM ANCIENT GREEK SANCTUARIES OF THE CRIMEAN PRYAZOVIA
Authors: Кузина Н. В. 
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается группа терракотовых статуэток с изображениями мальчиков, происходящая из раскопок сельских святилищ Крымского Приазовья. Сюжеты с детьми широко представлены в боспорской коропластике II-I вв. до н. э. и долгое время считались бытовыми. Однако обстоятельства находок и анализ иконографии позволяют проследить сакральный смысл этих статуэток. В контексте ритуальной практики святилищ фигурки детей с сопутствующими атрибутами (птица, собака, лошадь, щит) могут быть интерпретированы как воплощение полисемантического образа божественного ребенка, символизирующего плодородное жизненное начало, потенциальную жизнь, обновление, возрождение, заключающего в себе характеристики лиминального существа, помещаемого в сакральном пространстве на границе земного и потустороннего миров, наделенного функциями медиатора, связующего космические зоны.
The paper reports on a group of terracotta figurines featuring boys that comes from excavations of rural sanctuaries in the Crimean Priazovia. Narrative scenes with children are widely represented in Bosporan coroplast of the 2 - 1 cc. BC, for a long time they were considered items for household use. However, circumstances of the finds and analysis of iconography suggest sacral meaning of these figurines. In the context of the sanctuary practice, the children figurines with accompanying attributes (a bird, a dog, a horse, a shield) can be interpreted as incarnation of a polysemantic image of a divine child as a symbol of a fertile start of life, potential life, renewal, rebirth that includes characteristics of a liminal creature placed in sacral space on the borderline between the human world and another world with functions of a mediator linking cosmic zones.
A NEW VERSION OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TERRACOTTA RELIEF DEPICTING A FIGHTING ELEPHANT FROM NISA-MIKHRDATKIRT
Authors: Пилипко В. Н. 
Published: December 2021

В 2013 г. в северо-восточной части городища Новая Ниса были возобновлены исследования на объекте, известном под условным названием «Башня III». Первоначально он воспринимался как руины выносной средневековой башни, но при продолжении исследований первоначальное представление о назначении и датировке радикально изменилось. Теперь он определяется как остатки погребального сооружения аршакидского времени. При его раскопках в 2013-2014 гг. обнаружены еще три фрагмента, принадлежащих терракотовому рельефу с изображением боевого слона. Благодаря этому появилась возможность создать новый вариант реконструкции этого, пока уникального, произведения древнего искусства. Выявленные на 2019 г. археологические данные свидетельствуют, что к раскапываемому объекту рельеф прямого отношения, по-видимому, не имеет. Он, вероятно, принадлежал какому-то иному, более раннему, сооружению. В основу нового варианта реконструкции положены два постулата. Первый - мастер, занимавшийся подготовкой модели для рассматриваемого рельефа, имел эллинистическую выучку. В соответствии с этим все субъекты и объекты, представленные на рельефе, изображены соразмерными. Второй постулат - мастер был хорошо знаком с анатомическими особенностями индийских слонов, на это особенно наглядно указывает фрагмент 4, на котором со знанием дела представлены некоторые анатомические особенности этого животного. Введение в реконструкцию наряду с известными фрагментами соразмерного силуэта слона позволило практически полностью восстановить весь сюжет рельефа.
Since 2013, excavations have been resumed in the northeastern part of New Nisa at the site known as Tower III. Initially, it was perceived as the ruins of a remote medieval tower, that protruded outwards from the settlement wall. However, further excavations have drastically changed initial concepts on the purpose and dating of the tower; now it is defined as the remains of a burial structure of the Arshakid time. During the excavations of 2013-2014. three more fragments were found belonging to a terracotta relief depicting a fighting elephant. This made it possible to suggest a new version of the reconstruction of this, so far a unique work of ancient art. Archaeological data obtained in 2019 indicate that the relief does not seem to have a direct relationship to the excavated object. It probably belonged to a different, earlier construction.
FINGER-RINGS WITH HAND IMAGES
Authors: Олейников О. М. 
Published: December 2021

В статье представлен краткий свод перстней с изображением раскрытой кисти руки, обнаруженных на территории древней Руси и Волжской Булгарии. Более подробно рассматриваются перстни, обнаруженные в Великом Новгороде. Эти изделия представляли серийную продукцию, производившуюся на продажу. Специфика декора и ограниченный период бытования перстней позволяет рассматривать эту категорию украшений как хронологический маркер XIV в.
The paper presents a short list of finger-rings featuring an open palm of the hand discovered in Medieval Russia and Volga Bulgaria. It provides a detailed review of the rings found in Velikiy Novgorod. These items were serial products made for sale. Distinctive decorative features and a limited period of such finger-rings use allow consider this category ofjewelry as a chronological marker of the 14th century.
«BEAR CLAW» AMULET-PENDANTS FROM THE GRAVES OF XIII-XV CENTURIES FROM THE ALT-WEHLAU NECROPOLIS
Authors: Валуев А. А. , Денисов С. А. , Скворцов К. Н. 
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена амулетам-подвескам из медвежьих когтей, найденным в погребениях XIII-XV вв. в некрополе Альт-Велау и связанным с почитанием пруссами животных. Распределение и морфология предметов позволили установить их значение в условиях христианизации Пруссии. Всего в погребениях были обнаружены 10 амулетов, 8 из которых находились в женских захоронениях как часть комплекса украшений, который включал также шейные гривны, ожерелья и перстни. Основу предметов составляли медвежьи когти, помещенные в бронзовые оковки, снабженные бронзовыми подвесками и прикрепляемые к поясу при помощи цепочки или ремешка. Выявленные особенности, характерные также для амулетов из других прусских некрополей, позволяют говорить о том, что во второй половине XIII - XV в. рассматриваемые предметы постепенно утратили свое сакральное значение и приобрели функцию украшений.
The article is devoted to the amulets-pendants made from bear claws, which were found in the burials dated to XIII-XV centuries in the Alt-Wehlau necropolis and associated with animal cult practiced by the Prussians. The distribution and morphology of these funds allowed define its significance in the condition of Christianization of Prussia. Totally 10 amulets were found in complexes, 8 of them were located in women’s graves as parts of jewelry complex that included also torques, necklaces and finger-rings. The bases of amulets were the bear claws placed in bronze settings and equipped with bronze pendants. The amulets were fastened to the belt on a chain or strap (Fig. 3: 1-9). These features are equally characteristic of the amulets from other Prussian necropolises and give grounds to conclude that in the second half of XIII-XV centuries the considered items gradually lost their sacral significance and became jewelry pieces.