bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myelomeningocele defect reconstruction with keystone flaps: vascular rationale for the design and operative technique
Authors: Kushida-Contreras Beatriz Hatsue , Gaxiola-García Miguel Angel 
Published: May 2021

Background Myelomeningocele is a frequently seen condition at tertiary care hospitals. Its treatment involves a variety of plastic reconstructive techniques. Herein, we present a series of myelomeningocele patients treated using keystone flaps.
Methods We gathered information regarding soft tissue reconstruction and the use of bilateral keystone flaps to treat myelomeningocele patients. We obtained data from clinical records and recorded the demographic characteristics of mothers and children with the condition. The size, level of defect, and complications detected during the follow-up were analyzed.
Results A series of seven patients who underwent bilateral keystone flaps for myelomeningocele closure was analyzed. There were no cases of midline or major dehiscence, flap loss, necrosis, surgical site infections, or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. No revision procedures were performed. Minor complications included one case with minimal seroma and three cases with areas of peripheral dehiscence that healed easily using conventional measures.
Conclusions The use of keystone flaps is an adequate option for closure of dorsal midline soft tissue defects related to myelomeningocele. This technique offers predictable results with an acceptable spectrum of complications. Robust blood flow can be predicted based upon anatomical knowledge.
Computerized Sunnybrook facial grading scale (SBface) application for facial paralysis evaluation
Authors: Jirawatnotai Supasid , Jomkoh Pojanan , Voravitvet Tsz Yin , Tirakotai Wuttipong , Somboonsap Natthawut 
Published: May 2021

Background The Sunnybrook facial grading scale is a comprehensive scale for the evaluation of facial paralysis patients. Its results greatly depend on subjective input. This study aimed to develop and validate an automated Sunnybrook facial grading scale (SBface) to more objectively assess disfigurement due to facial paralysis.
Methods An application compatible with iOS version 11.0 and up was developed. The software automatically detected facial features in standardized photographs and generated scores following the Sunnybrook facial grading scale. Photographic data from 30 unilateral facial paralysis patients were randomly sampled for validation. Intrarater reliability was tested by conducting two identical tests at a 2-week interval. Interrater reliability was tested between the software and three facial nerve clinicians.
Results A beta version of the SBface application was tested. Intrarater reliability showed excellent congruence between the two tests. Moderate to strong positive correlations were found between the software and an otolaryngologist, including the total scores of the three individual software domains and composite scores. However, 74.4% (29/39) of the subdomain items showed low to zero correlation with the human raters (κ<0.2). The correlations between the human raters showed good congruence for most of the total and composite scores, with 10.3% (4/39) of the subdomain items failing to correspond (κ<0.2).
Conclusions The SBface application is efficient and accurate for evaluating the degree of facial paralysis based on the Sunnybrook facial grading scale. However, correlations of the software-derived results with those of human raters are limited by the software algorithm and the raters’ inconsistency.
A dual-plane approach for surgical treatment of pseudoaneurysm with arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kim Ji Min , Tak Min Sung , Kang Jin Seok , Moon Chul 
Published: May 2021

Background
We report the efficacy of a dual-plane approach using a Dufourmentel skin flap with a purse-string suture of the de-epithelized dermis to manage pseudoaneurysm at the vascular access site for hemodialysis.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of 61 patients from 2013 to 2018 with pseudoaneurysms at the arteriovenous fistula or graft who were treated with rhomboid excision, vessel repair with a purse-string suture, and a full-thickness Dufourmentel skin flap. The success rate was defined as the probability of complete wound closure and intact vascular access patency without infection or other complications.
Results The success rate was 93.4% at 6 months postoperatively. Complications included newly occurring pseudoaneurysms (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=1) and bleeding (n=1). There were no complications such as stenosis or thrombosis from the procedure.
Conclusions A dual-plane approach using a Dufourmentel skin flap with a purse-string suture for vessel repair was shown to be a favorable option for managing stable, small (diameter <2 cm) pseudoaneurysms without infection, rapid expansion, or patency issues of the vascular access.
Osteology, relationships and functional morphology ofWeigeltisaurus jaekeli(Diapsida, Weigeltisauridae) based on a complete skeleton from the Upper Permian Kupferschiefer of Germany
Authors: Pritchard Adam C. , Sues Hans-Dieter , Scott Diane , Reisz Robert R. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWeigeltisauridae is a clade of small-bodied diapsids characterized by a horned cranial frill, slender trunk and limbs, and a patagium supported by elongated bony rods. Partial skeletons and fragments are definitively known only from upper Permian (Lopingian) rocks in England, Germany, Madagascar and Russia. Despite these discoveries, there have been few detailed descriptions of weigeltisaurid skeletons, and the homologies of many skeletal elements—especially the rods supporting the patagium—remain the subject of controversy.Materials & MethodsHere, we provide a detailed description of a nearly complete skeleton ofWeigeltisaurus jaekelifrom the upper Permian (Lopingian: Wuchiapingian) Kupferschiefer of Lower Saxony, Germany. Briefly addressed by past authors, the skeleton preserves a nearly complete skull, postcranial axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, and patagial supports. Through comparisons with extant and fossil diapsids, we examine the hypotheses for the homologies of the patagial rods. To examine the phylogenetic position of Weigeltisauridae and characterize the morphology of the clade, we integrate the material and other weigeltisaurids into a parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis focused on Permo-Triassic non-saurian Diapsida and early Sauria (61 taxa, 339 characters).ResultsWe recognize a number of intriguing anatomical features in the weigeltisaurid skeleton described here, including hollow horns on the post-temporal arch, lanceolate teeth in the posterior portion of the maxilla, the absence of a bony arch connecting the postorbital and squamosal bones, elongate and slender phalanges that resemble those of extant arboreal squamates, and patagial rods that are positioned superficial to the lateral one third of the gastral basket. Our phylogenetic study recovers a monophyletic Weigeltisauridae includingCoelurosauravus elivensis,Weigeltisaurus jaekeli, andRautianiaspp. The clade is recovered as the sister taxon to Drepanosauromorpha outside of Sauria (=Lepidosauria + Archosauria).ConclusionsOur anatomical observations and phylogenetic analysis show variety of plesiomorphic diapsid characters and apomorphies of Weigeltisauridae in the specimen described here. We corroborate the hypothesis that the patagial ossifications are dermal bones unrelated to the axial skeleton. The gliding apparatus of weigeltisaurids was constructed from dermal elements unknown in other known gliding diapsids. SMNK-PAL 2882 and other weigeltisaurid specimens highlight the high morphological disparity of Paleozoic diapsids already prior to their radiation in the early Mesozoic.
Efficacy of an improved method to screen semiochemicals of insect
Authors: Li Chongyang , Cao Jianmin , Wang Xiufang , Xu Pengjun , Wang Xinwei , Ren Guangwei 
Published: May 2021

Background
A combination of gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is typically used to screen active compounds that play a role in the regulation of insect behavior. This method uses two kinds of gas chromatography (GC) equipment and needs to compare compounds between the two chromatograms, and it is tedious and costly. To improve detection efficiency, as well as reduce costs and the rate of missed detection, we designed a system connecting gas chromatography (GC), electroantennography (EAG), and mass spectrometry (MS), with MS used instead of the flame ionization detector (FID) as the GC-EAD detector. To verify the feasibility of the improved method, we compare two methods—GC-EAG-MS and GC-EAD—through a series of experiments. Some researchers made similar improvements, but these were not compared with GC-EAD, and their method needed to be improved in the synchronization and split ratio. Our method has been optimized and improved in these aspects.

Methods
Helicoverpa armigera was the test organism; the improved method and conventional method were used to detect known and unknown compounds, as well as screen out active compounds that could generate responses in H. armigera antennae.

Results
Screening known single compounds using the two methods, the active compound benzaldehyde was detected in all seven concentrations of solution. By using the two methods, the five same active compounds of Helicoverpa armigera were detected in high concentration solution of the mixed compounds (100 mg L−1, 50 mg L−1); the four same active compounds were detected at 20 mg L−1 concentration; two identical same compounds were detected in low concentration solution (concentrations of 10 mg L−1 and below). By using the two methods, six identical active compounds of Helicoverpa armigera were detected in unknown compounds.

Conclusion
The improved method was consistent with the conventional method in terms of accuracy and sensitivity. However, compared with the traditional methods, Gas chromatography-electroantennographic-mass spectrometry (GC-EAG-MS) saved the cost of GC and FID equipment, thereby greatly lowering the experimental cost. In the experiment, GC-EAG-MS combined the two experimental operations of screening active substances by GC-EAD and identifying active substances by GC-MS into one, which not only reduced the experimental steps, but also avoided the false positive caused by the comparison of the two chromatograms, and it greatly reduced the difficulty level of the overall experimental analysis. GC-EAG-MS is more convenient, efficient, economical, and practical, and could confidently replace traditional methods. With further optimization, it could be widely applied in the study of plant and insect chemical ecology.
Testing the affective events theory: The mediating role of affect and the moderating role of mindfulness
Authors: Junça‐Silva Ana , Pombeira Catarina , Caetano António 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis study aims to expand the knowledge on the affective events theory by: (1) testing the mediating role of affect in the relationship between micro‐daily events and well‐being, (2) and analyzing the moderating role of mindfulness in this mediated relationship. To achieve these goals, we collected data with 393 working adults. The results showed that: (1) affect mediates the relationship between micro‐daily events and well‐being; (2) mindfulness moderates the mediated relationship between micro‐daily events and well‐being via affect, that is, higher levels of mindfulness are positively related to well‐being in particular when the levels of positive affect are higher. These results show the importance of providing conditions for the occurrence of daily uplifts at work as these seem to lead to increases in employees' well‐being. Promoting mindfulness at work also seems relevant for workers' mental health and well‐being, for example, through complementary training or daily practices.
Hydrothermal “Disproportionation” of Biomass into Oriented Carbon Microsphere Anode and 3D Porous Carbon Cathode for Potassium Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Qian Yong , Li Yang , Pan Zhen , Tian Jie , Lin Ning , Qian Yitai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe comprehensive utilization of biomass to obtain energy‐storage carbonaceous materials with special microstructures is of great significance. Herein, a universal method is proposed to fabricate oriented carbon microspheres (OCMSs) and 3D porous carbon (3DPC) block at the same time via high‐temperature hydrothermal “disproportionation” of biomass including but not limited to basswood, pinus sylvestris, red walnut, beech, bamboo, and sorghum straw. Through nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, as well as various morphologic and structural characterizations, it is demonstrated that OCMS with (002) orientation originates from the carbonization of organic matters produced by the successive decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin during the high‐temperature hydrothermal process, while the 3DPC blocks exhibit abundant sp3 defects and micropores with a surface area of 855.12 m2 g−1 due to the constant loss of organic components from basswood blocks. As a result, the OCMS anode exhibits a high capacity of 201.1 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 after 2000 cycles, 3DPC cathode delivers a capacity of 95.7 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 5000 cycles. Remarkably, the as‐assembled OCMS//3DPC potassium ion hybrid capacitor exhibits an energy of 140.7 Wh kg−1 at 643.8 W kg−1, with a long cycle life over 8500 cycles.
Temperature‐Responsive Self‐Assembly of Single Polyoxometalates Clusters Driven by Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Liu Qingda , Yu Hongde , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Dong , Wang Xun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmart materials that can respond to external stimuli are typically prepared through the coating of specific responsive ligands. Herein, for the first time, thermally reconfigurable single polyoxometalate (POM) cluster assemblies without temperature‐responsive surfactants are reported. Based on transmission electron microscopy observation, POM clusters are obtained to arrange into a 2D single cluster superlattice at 25 °C, and transform themselves into a single cluster nanowire below 0 °C, which is caused by the switching of hydrogen bond linkage between clusters. Contributed by the specific coordinative state, the POM assembly exhibits excellent catalytic activity and stability toward olefin epoxidation at room temperature, demonstrating the application potentials of the nanostructures based on single clusters.
3D Electrodes for Bioelectronics
Authors: Cho Yo Han , Park Young‐Geun , Kim Sumin , Park Jang‐Ung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent studies related to bioelectronics, significant efforts have been made to form 3D electrodes to increase the effective surface area or to optimize the transfer of signals at tissue–electrode interfaces. Although bioelectronic devices with 2D and flat electrode structures have been used extensively for monitoring biological signals, these 2D planar electrodes have made it difficult to form biocompatible and uniform interfaces with nonplanar and soft biological systems (at the cellular or tissue levels). Especially, recent biomedical applications have been expanding rapidly toward 3D organoids and the deep tissues of living animals, and 3D bioelectrodes are getting significant attention because they can reach the deep regions of various 3D tissues. An overview of recent studies on 3D bioelectronic devices, such as the use of electrical stimulations and the recording of neural signals from biological subjects, is presented. Subsequently, the recent developments in materials and fabrication processing to 3D micro‐ and nanostructures are introduced, followed by broad applications of these 3D bioelectronic devices at various in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Synergistic Photothermal and Chemical Therapy by Smart Dual‐Functional Graphdiyne Nanosheets for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Li Tianzhong , Liu Yao , Bao Wenli , Luo Jingshan , Gao Lingfeng , Chen Xiaojia , Wang Shengpeng , Yu Jiangtian , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Bin , Xie Ni , Xie Zhongjian , Chen Tongkai , Zhang Han 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuccessful treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is impeded by limited permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB) which causes unsatisfactory drug accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, a novel 2D graphdiyne (GDY)‐based nanoplatform is utilized for the delivery of minocycline (MN), one drug candidate for PD treatment. These GDY nanosheets are prepared by sonication and exhibit excellent photothermal (PT) conversion ability (≈32%) without obvious toxicity in vitro. MN can be loaded onto GDY by π–π stacking (≈90%) and near infrared (NIR) irradiation is able to trigger the release of more than 30% of the payload. The BBB permeability of GDY is confirmed in both cellular and animal models. The behavioral defects of PD mice can be corrected after the PT and chemical synergistic treatment performed by GDY, with the dopaminergic neuron counting restored to normal level. Nanosheets‐mediated PT treatment exhibits comparable therapeutic effects to that of L‐DOPA, a commercialized PD drug. No obvious damage to major organs or circulation system is detected and physiological parameters remain stable during the behavioral study. This GDY‐based delivery system can serve as a promising platform for loading chemical drugs targeting neurodegenerative disorders.
Injectable Affinity and Remote Magnetothermal Effects of Bi‐Based Alloy for Long‐Term Bone Defect Repair and Analgesia
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Zhao Yu , Fan Linlin , Wang Xuelin , Duan Minghui , Wang Hongzhang , Zhu Xiyu , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs alternatives, metallic/nonmetallic bone graft materials play significant roles in bone defect surgery to treat external trauma or bone disease. However, to date, there are rather limited long‐term implantable materials owning to in situ molding incapability of metallics and poor mechanical property of nonmetallics. Here, Bi‐based low melting point alloy, with unique properties of injectability, solid‐liquid phase transition, mechanical capability, and biocompatibility, present obvious long‐lasting bone affinity as the excellent artificial bone‐substitute. It is particularly necessary to point out that the targeted injected Bi alloy remains in its original position for up to 210 days without moving, as well as, displays good osseointegration ability to resolve repeated revision trauma caused by losing bone repair material. Additionally, with outstanding electrical and thermal conductivity, an unconventional way using Bi alloy to realize very beneficial hyperthermia analgesia via non‐invasive wireless energy delivery is first proposed, which avoids adverse effects on bone remodeling inflicted by traditional drugs. The significantly decreased expression of pain sensitizing factor, such as, interleukin‐6, neuropeptide substance, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 reveals the potential mechanism of hyperthermia analgesia. The present findings suggest the combination therapy of Bi alloy in bone repair and analgesia, which owns far‐reaching clinical application value.
Synthesis of (Enantioenriched) Dibenzyl Thioethers and Disulfides via SN2 Nucleophilic Substitution of Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Tang Qinqin , Li Fuhai , Chen Hongyi , Yin Xianjie , Tang Yan , Zeng Qingle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA synthetic protocol of dibenzyl thioethers and dibenzyl disulfides via SN2 nucleophilic substitution of quaternary ammonium salts and sodium sulfide nonahydrate and disodium disulfide under mild condition is described. In particular, if quaternary ammonium salts synthesized from enantiomerically enriched amines are adopted, highly enantioenriched dibenzyl thioethers (92–95% ee) with reverse configurations to their enantioenriched quaternary ammonium salts are obtained.
Isolierung von 1,4‐Diarsinin‐1,4‐diid‐ und 1,4‐Diarsinin‐Derivaten
Authors: Rottschäfer Dennis , Glodde Timo , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Andrada Diego M. , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDas 1,4‐Diarsinin‐1,4‐diid [(ADCPh)As]2 (5) (ADCPh={C(DippN)}2CPh, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) mit einem planaren C4As2‐Ring, der an zwei 1,3‐Imidazol‐Ringen anelliert ist, wurde als roter, kristalliner Feststoff isoliert. Verbindung 5, die formal einen 8π‐Elektronen‐C4As2‐Ring enthält, ist antiaromatisch und geht eine 2e‐Oxidation mit AgOTf ein, die zum aromatischen 6π‐Elektronen‐System [(ADCPh)As]2(OTf)2 (6) führt.
A Family of Superhelicenes: Easily Tunable, Chiral Nanographenes by Merging Helicity with Planar π Systems
Authors: Reger David , Haines Philipp , Amsharov Konstantin Y. , Schmidt Julia A. , Ullrich Tobias , Bönisch Simon , Hampel Frank , Görling Andreas , Nelson Jenny , Jelfs Kim E. , Guldi Dirk M. , Jux Norbert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe designed a straightforward synthetic route towards a full‐fledged family of π‐extended helicenes: superhelicenes. They have two hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) in common that are connected via a central five‐membered ring. By means of structurally altering this 5‐membered ring, we realized a versatile library of molecular building blocks. Not only the superhelicene structure, but also their features are tuned with ease. In‐depth physico‐chemical characterizations served as a proof of concept thereof. The superhelicene enantiomers were separated, their circular dichroism was measured in preliminary studies and concluded with an enantiomeric assignment. Our work was rounded‐off by crystal structure analyses. Mixed stacks of M‐ and P‐isomers led to twisted molecular wires. Using such stacks, charge‐carrier mobilities were calculated, giving reason to expect outstanding hole transporting properties.
Capturing Visible Light in Low‐Band‐Gap C4N‐Derived Responsive Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Fang Zhengsong , Li Yuan , Li Jing , Shu Chenhao , Zhong Linfeng , Lu Shaolin , Mo Chunshao , Yang Meijia , Yu Dingshan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report facile synthesis of low‐band‐gap mesoporous C4N particles and their use as responsive bifunctional oxygen catalysts for visible‐light‐sensitive (VLS) rechargeable Zn‐air battery (RZAB) and polymer‐air battery (RPAB). Compared to widely studied g‐C3N4, C4N shows a smaller band gap of 1.99 eV, with a larger photocurrent response, and it can function as visible‐light‐harvesting antenna and bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution (ORR/OER) catalysts, enabling effective photocoupling to tune oxygen catalysis. The C4N‐enabled VLS‐RZAB displays a low charge voltage of 1.35 V under visible light, which is below the theoretical RZAB voltage of 1.65 V, corresponding to a high energy efficiency of 97.78 %. Pairing a C4N cathode with a polymer anode also endows an VLS‐RPAB with light‐boosted charge performance. It is revealed that the ORR and OER active sites in C4N are separate carbon sites near pyrazine‐nitrogen atoms and photogenerated energetic holes can activate OER for improved reaction kinetics.