bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Posterior Capsular Opacification by Cryolysis and the Use of Heparinized Irrigating Solution During Extracapsular Lens Extraction in Rabbits
Authors: Zaturinsky Boris , Naveh Nava , Saks Dan , Solomon Arie S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We tried applying a specially-designed cryoprobe to the posterior capsule as well as adding heparin, an anticoagulative, anti-inflammatory compound, to the anterior chamber irrigation solution in an attempt to inhibit secondary cataract formation following a planned extracapsular lens extraction in 36 rabbits. The first group received both cryo treatment and heparin; a second group received heparin without cryo treatment; a third group received neither heparin nor cryo treatment.
Complete opacification of the lens developed 3 months after the operation in all the rabbits not treated with heparin, and in 50% of those that received heparin. The addition of cryo treatment to the heparin-treated rabbits further reduced opacification by 20%.
We conclude that in rabbits, cryo treatment, combined with intracameral administration of heparin during surgery, has a significant inhibitory effect on secondary cataract formation.
Single Stage Molteno Implant With Combination Internal Occlusion and External Ligature
Authors: Latina Mark A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A variety of techniques have been devised to reduce postoperative hypotony following a single-stage Molteno implant procedure. Although they effectively reduce hypotony, these techniques may result in a prolonged increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). I present a technique, consisting of placement of a 5-0 nylon internal occlusion suture combined with an external polyglactin (Vicryl) ligature around the Molteno tube, to prevent both hypotony and elevated IOP after implantation.
Transscleral Contact Retinal Photocoagulation With an 810nm Semiconductor Diode Laser
Authors: Jennings Tom , Fuller Terry , Vukich John A , Lam Tim T , Joondeph Brian C , Ticho Ben , Blair Norman P , Edward Deepak P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Since the 810-nm wavelength has marked transmissibility through the sclera and absorption by melanin, ft would be ideal for transscleral photocoagulation. We performed experiments to determine if consistent transscleral chorioretinal lesions could be produced in Dutch belted pigmented rabbits using the 810-nm laser, and if this modality caused less blood-retinal barrier disruption than retinal cryopexy of clinically equivalent treatment areas. The laser applications produced whitish to grayish-white retinal lesions when the surgeon, under direct visualization, used low powers and long durations (5 to 10 seconds), and controlled the treatment duration. Histopathologic evaluation of a lesion demonstrated an intact sclera overlying the chorioretinal lesion. Vitreous protein concentration, which was measured to assess bloodretinal barrier disruption, was significantly less in eyes treated with transscleral photocoagulation than in eyes treated with cryopexy of clinically equivalent treatment areas. We conclude that transscleral 810nm laser treatment may be a viable clinical alternative to retinal cryopexy.
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma in a Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Successfully Treated With Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty
Authors: Koster Harry R , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Ritch Robert , Hudock Stephen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Laser iridectomy relieves pupillary block and is the procedure of choice for angle-closure glaucoma. Since not all cases of angle closure glaucoma are due to this mechanism, iridectomy is not always curative. Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty causes a contraction of peripheral iris away from the trabecular meshwork, and is useful in these circumstances. We successfully treated bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with this procedure.
Reduced Mydriasis From Repeated Doses of Tropicamide and Cyclopentolate
Authors: McCormack Donald L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Pupils are often dilated for examination the day before surgery and again on the day of surgery. The following experiment was performed to determine the effect of serial doses of two commonly used mydriatic agents: on two consecutive days the pupil of one of the eyes of 28 subjects was dilated with tropicamide 1%, and the pupil of one of the eyes of 30 subjects was dilated with cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1%. The other eyes in both groups were dilated only on the second day, and thus served as controls. Pupil sizes were measured from photographs before and after dilation. The pupils of the eyes treated twice with either drug did not dilate as well after the second dose as those of the control eyes (P < .005 for tropicamide, P < .001 for cyclopentolate). The pupils of the eyes twice-treated with tropicamide were an average of 0.15 mm smaller than the control pupils; those twice-treated with cyclopentolate were 0.36 mm smaller. For subjects treated with cyclopentolate, this decreased mydriasis was related to age (P < .05) and to eye color (P < .025): the younger and blue-eyed subjects dilated less on the second day than the older and brown-eyed subjects.
If full mydriasis is required at surgery, pupils should probably not be dilated with either tropicamide or cyclopentolate the day before surgery.
Management of Macular Puckers Associated With Retinal Angiomas
Authors: Schwartz Peter L , Fastenberg David M , Shakin Jeffrey L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Monocular visual loss in four patients was caused by epiretinal macular membranes associated with peripheral retinal capillary angiomas or angioma-like lesions. Three patients had solitary vascular lesions and one had two discrete vascular lesions. All patients were in good health, with no evidence of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. In three patients, spontaneous peeling of the macular membranes and visual improvement occurred 2 to 6 months after obliteration of the angioma-like lesions with cryotherapy (two patients), or cryotherapy combined with argon laser (one patient). The fourth patient underwent a vitrectomy 8 months after the macular pucker had foiled to respond to treatment of the vascular lesion.
Management of Postoperative Inflammation: Dexamethasone Versus Flurbiprofen, a Quantitative Study Using the New Flare Cell Meter
Authors: Drews Robert C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A consecutive, random, prospective study was conducted to compare the effect of topical dexamethasone and flurbiprofen drops on postoperative inflammation in patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with lens implantation. Objective, quantitative measurements were made postoperatively, using the Kowa FC-1000 Rare Cell Meter. The two treatments were equally effective.
Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreal Ticarcillin
Authors: Heigle Thomas J , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The retinal toxicity of the penicillin derivative, ticarcillin, was tested in albino rabbits by injecting the animals intravitreally with doses ranging from 50 to 3,000 µg, and monitoring them for 4 weeks. A second confirmatory study was performed by repeating the high-dose injections in e different set of rabbits and monitoring them for 3 weeks. Histologic examination and electroretinography of both groups showed that dosages up to 3000 µ-g produced no detectable damage to the retina. A dosage of 3000 pg of ticarcillin, which is 38 times the minimal inhibitory concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, appears safe.
Evaluation of Peribulbar Anesthesia in Eye Camps
Authors: Kishore Kamal , Agarwal Harish C , Sood N N , Betharia S M , Sihota Ramanjit , War N , Chhabra V K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Modified peribulbar anesthesia was administered with a 26-gauge, half-inch, insulin needle to 367 eyes off 360 patients in three eye camps in India. The intraocular procedures consisted of cataract extraction in 348 eyes, trabeculectomy in 11 eyes, and combined cataract extraction and trabeculectomy in seven eyes. The overall success rate of the anesthesia technique was 90.2% (supplemental anesthesia was required in 36 eyes). There was good lid and globe akinesia and anesthesia, adequate pupillary dilatation for intracapsular cataract extraction, and excellent hypotony. No significant focal or systemic complications were observed, except for mild to moderate Chemosis in some eyes, which did not produce any intraoperative or postoperative problems. We found this technique easy to learn, relatively safe, effective, and well tolerated by our patients.
Flexible Endoscopy in Primary Dye Testing of the Lacrimal System
Authors: Becker Bruce B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Olympus PF-22 angioscope was used to examine the inferior meatus during primary dye testing in 80 lacrimal systems in 48 patients. Dye testing was done bilaterally in 32 subjects with no known abnormalities of lacrimal excretory function; it also was performed on the apparently normal contralateral side of 16 patients with unilateral epiphora. Dye was observed in the nose in 79 of 80 lacrimal systems (99%). Dye was not observed in one patient, who appeared to have a dysfunctional lacrimal excretory system. Primary dye testing of the lacrimal system is reliable when the Olympus PF-22 angioscope is used to examine the inferior meatus.
Subconjunctival THC: YAG Laser Limbal Sclerostomy Ab Externo in the Rabbit
Authors: Hoskins H Dunbar , Iwach Andrew G , Drake Michael V , Schuster Bradley L , Vassiliadis Arthur , Crawford J Brooks , Hennings David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A chromium-sensitized, and thulium and holmiumdoped YAG laser (THC:YAG laser) was used to create bilateral limbal sclerostomies in six Dutch pigmented rabbits. The laser is a long-pulsed (300 ms), compact, self-contained, solid-state laser operating in the near infrared (2-Vm). A 1-mm conjunctival stab incision was made 12 mm away from the sclerostomy site to allow entry of a specially designed 26-gauge (480µ??) optic probe that delivers energy at right angles to the long axis of the fiber. Probe insertion minimally disturbed the conjunctiva. Pulse energies of 60 to 150 mJ were used with a repetition rate of 5 pulses/s. Energy levels ranging from 1.35 to 6.6 J produced full-thickness sclerostomies. Histopathology showed a sharply defined perforating limbal wound at all energy levels. The overlying conjunctiva was intact, with swelling of the adjacent cornea. A peripheral iridectomy was intentionally created with the laser through the peripheral limbus, resulting in a sharply defined perforating tract through the iris/ciliary body. This technique may simplify filtering sclerostomy surgery, without anterior chamber instrumentation and with minimal conjunctival trauma.
Visual Results and Complications of Transsclerally Sutured Intraocular Lenses in Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Heidemann David G , Dunn Steven P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 56 consecutive patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty with transscierai fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens, follow-up ranged from 3 to 28 months (mean, 11.1 months). Postoperative visual acuity improved in 46 patients (82%), remained the same in eight (14%), and worsened in two (3.6%). In 32 patients with at least 10 months' follow-up, best corrected visual acuity as measured with a pinhole or hard contact lens was 20/40 or better in 12 (38%), 20/50 to 20/10 in 10 (31%), and 20/200 or worse in 10 (31%). Problems with lens decentration, tilt, or scleral suture-related infections were minimal. Glaucoma was the most common cause of decreased vision in patients with 10 or more months' follow-up. Three patients (5.4%) developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachments early in the postoperative course.
Ocular Trauma Caused by Exploding Glass Bottles Containing Dry Ice and Water
Authors: Dunn James P , Berger Steven T , Mondino Bartly J , Goodwin Lawrence T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We treated three patients with severe ocular injuries caused by exploding glass bottles containing a mixture of dry ice chips and water. One patient had a corneal laceration and traumatic cataract with several retained intraocular glass fragments. The second had a scleral laceration without corneal or lenticular involvement. The third suffered a corneal-scleral laceration, with a total retinal detachment. Following surgery, two patients recovered 20/20 vision; the third patient regained only light perception.
A New Anterior Capsular Opening: Dumbbell Opening-Its Efficacy in the Human Eye
Authors: Hara Tsutomu , Hara Takako 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Using excised pig eyes and a human eye-bank eye, we demonstrated the efficacy of our new anterior capsular opening, the dumbbell opening, especially for the human eye. The opening consists of two microcircular holes made by an automated electric microtrephine, connected by a straight cut made with scissors. The 3.5-mm-long dumbbell opening fully retained its original shape after cataract removal and posterior-chamber intraocular lens insertion.
The Irrigating Knife: An Ultrasharp Surgical Blade With Irrigating System
Authors: Worst Jan G F , Los Leonoor I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present an irrigating microsurgical knife for ocular surgery. Irrigation of balanced salt solution through the knife tip during sectioning removes hemorrhages continuously, allowing uninterrupted sectioning, without cauterization of bleeding vessels. The "zero degree" knife can be bent in any required position.
Current Trends in Suture Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Sen Harsha A , Smith Patricia W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Corneal surgeons were surveyed with regard to their technique of suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses in the absence of posterior capsular support. Fifty-nine percent of the 260 respondents stated they perform the procedure almost exclusively during penetrating keratoplasty. Scleral fixation was marginally favored over iris fixation by these surgeons. Most intraoperative problems reported were related to the relative technical difficulty of the procedure, although transient hemorrhage from the ciliary body was also mentioned. Postoperative complications cited included mechanical problems involving the tens and iris, cystoid macular edema, glaucoma, and endophthalmitis.
Use of a Symblepharon Ring for Treatment of Over-Filtration and Leaking Blebs After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
Authors: Hill Richard A , Aminlari Ali , Sassani Joseph W , Michalski Marge 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the use of a Symblepharon ring in the treatment of seven cases of flat anterior chamber (six cases of total iridocorneal touch, and one of corneallens touch) secondary to overfiltration orto bleb leak. In all cases, the anterior chamber reformed within 24 hours after the Symblepharon ring was used. Advantages of using the ring are: (a) it permits testing of visual acuity, tonometry, and intraocular examination without removing it; (b) it does not require suturing to the conjunctiva; (c) it does not disturb the corneal epithelium; (d) it may be available at institutions lacking other shells; and (e) it is cost-effective.
Glaucoma Triple Procedures: Efficacy of Intraocular Pressure Control and Visual Outcome
Authors: Longstaff Simon , Wormald Richard P L , Mazover Amos , Hitchings Roger A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Sixty-three glaucoma triple surgeries [combined trabeculectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), and posterior-chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation] were reviewed. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled satisfactorily in all cases; 25% required additional glaucoma therapy but fewer glaucoma medications. Eighty-six percent achieved 6/12 or better visual acuity. Postoperative IOP and visual acuity results were similar to those achieved by trabeculectomy or ECCE/PC-IOL, respectively. Cumulative years of preoperative glaucoma therapy had an adverse effect on postoperative IOP control.
Update of the Subconjunctival THC:YAG (Holmium) Laser Sclerostomy Ab Externo Clinical Trial: 30-Month Report
Authors: Iwach Andrew G , Hoskins H Dunbar , Drake Michael V , Dickens Christopher J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A THC:YAG laser (thulium, holmium, chromium-doped YAG crystal) was used to create 93 thermal sclerostomies ab externo in 81 glaucomatous eyes of 76 patients. Pulse energies of 80 to 120 mJ were used, with a repetition rate of 5 pulses per second. Total energy levels to produce full-thickness sclerostomies ranged from 1.4 to 7.2 J. Estimated probability of success was 0.66 at 12 months and 0.57 up to 30 months. The mean intraocular pressure in the successful cases was 12.8 ± 4.0 mm Hg.
Hydroexpression of Subluxated Lenses Using a Glide
Authors: Blumenthal Michael , Kurtz Shimon , Assia Ehud I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During the past 8 years, 15 patients (20 eyes) underwent a variety of operations to remove a subluxated lens. In six of these eyes, a new technique, featuring an anterior chamber maintainer and a plastic glide, was used for intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE). The results achieved in these eyes were compared with those in 8 eyes in which cryo extraction was used, in 1 in which pars plana lensectomy was used, in 4 in which aspiration of lens material and peeling of the capsule was used, and in 1 in which a viscoelastic material and spatula were used. Using the glide, the lens is extracted through a scierai tunnel incision or a limbal opening. The length of the opening is somewhat smaller than the diameter of the lens and is significantly smaller than that used in traditional ICCE. The visual outcomes achieved with these various techniques were essentially identical. The proposed technique is simple and relatively safe for these complicated cases.
Laser Indirect Ophthalmoscope Photocoagulation in an Incubator for the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Tanaka Sumiyoshi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Argon blue-green or diode laser indirect ophthalmoscope photocoagulation, performed through the transparent wall of an incubator, was used to treat threshold retinopathy of prematurity in two premature infants who were in poor systemic condition and could not be treated out of the incubator. Despite technical difficulties posed in one or both cases by their lateral position, small pupils, persistent tunica vasculosa lentis, and hazy cornea, there were no systemic complications and the retinopathy regressed in both cases.
Evaluation of a Tapered, Blunt, Bipolar Cautery Tip for Trabeculectomy
Authors: Shields M Bruce 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A bipolar cautery instrument with a tapered, blunt tip has been developed for glaucoma filtering surgery. Evaluated in 30 consecutive trabeculectomy procedures, the instrument proved suitable for all aspects of the operation. The narrow, 23-gauge shaft and tapered, blunt tip allowed gentle, pin-point coagulation of individual bleeders, as well as cauterization of tracks of tissue in a continuous motion. The unit was effective for external cauterization of conjunctival and scierai vessels, as well as for internal cauterization of anterior uveal tissue.
Masquerades of Macular Holes
Authors: Smiddy William E , Gass J Donald M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Surgery is now an option in the treatment of macular holes. However, their clinical features may be subtle and many conditions may masquerade as fullthickness macular holes. To promote diagnostic accuracy and thereby avoid incorrect or unnecessary surgery, we present several cases of entities misdiagnosed as full-thickness macular holes in an effort to determine which clinical features likely led to the inaccurate diagnosis. Among these were epiretinal membranes with pseudoholes, impending macular holes, lamellar macular holes, and macular degeneration. Important features allowing for a more certain diagnosis included: fine, drusen-like yellowish deposits in the base of the hole; a surrounding cuff of subretinal fluid; a distinct and circular margin around the hole; and an overlying operculum. Also, visual acuity was often relatively good in non-macular hole cases, while with true macular holes, vision is usually 20/80 or worse, or deteriorates to this level over a few weeks.
Many entities falsely diagnosed as macular holes have a favorable natural history, are not amenable to surgical efforts, or require slightly different surgical maneuvers. Misdiagnosis and wrongful treatment may be minimized by limiting macular hole surgery to cases in which visual acuity is 20/80 or worse or by waiting for clinical changes sufficient to permit distinguishing false from early or atypical true cases.
Congenital Absence of the Lacrimal Puncta
Authors: Boerner Mark , Seiff Stuart R , Arroyo Jorge 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report seven cases of congenital absence of the lacrimal puncta, a condition that may be either an isolated finding or associated with other developmental anomalies. General pediatric evaluation of two patients with punctal agenesis revealed no additional abnormalities; these cases were managed by probing and silicone intubation. The other five cases were associated with other significant, clinically obvious abnormalities; several of these patients required more aggressive management of their lacrimal disorders, including dacryocystorhinostomy and conjunctivo-dacryocystorhinostomy. Previous reports support the impression generated by this series that otherwise normal appearing children with congenital absence of the lacrimal puncta do not require an extensive work-up. Probably many children with absent puncta are asymptomatic and remain undiagnosed.
Trabeculectomy in Pseudophakie Patients: Postoperative 5-Fluorouracil Versus Intraoperative Mitomycin C Antiproliferative Therapy
Authors: Prata Joáo Antonio , Minckler Donald S , Baerveldt George , Lee Paul P , LaBree Laurie , Heuer Dale K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Trabeculectomy outcome in Pseudophakie glaucoma patients treated with mitomycin C (MMC) or 5fluorouracil (5-FU) was analyzed retrospectively in 46 cases (46 eyes). Thirty patients received intraoperative MMC; 16, 5-FU. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of preoperative data (demographics, number of previous filtering procedures, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure [1OP]). After a mean follow up of 13.4 ± 8.1 and 11.5 ± 5.8 months for the 5-FU and MMC groups, respectively, 12 5-FU eyes (75%) and 21 MMC eyes (70%) were deemed at least qualified successes (IOP =s 21 mm Hg with or without antiglaucoma medications). Six (37.5%) of the 5-FU eyes and 13 (43.3%) of the MMC eyes were complete successes (IOP « 21 mm Hg without antiglaucoma medications). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of duration of follow up, number of qualified successes, and number of complete successes (P s .35, .9, and .7, respectively). Nor were there any significant differences in the mean final IOPs and visual acuities. Excluding transient corneal effects associated with 5-FU therapy, there were no significant differences in the frequency of postoperative complications.
These results suggest that 5-FU and MMC antiproliferative therapy are associated with similar shortterm success rates and postoperative complications.
Knotless Scleral Fixation for Implanting a Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
Authors: Eryildirim Ahmet 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I describe a technique for implanting an intraocular lens by scleral fixation sutures that has the advantages of knotless fixation of the haptics and an out-in approach for passing the needle through the sclera.