bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How far can we compare? Migration studies, comparative urbanism and the potential of a trans‐Mediterranean perspective
Authors: Dines Nick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThrough an analysis of migrant incorporation in Rome and Rabat, this article investigates the theoretical, methodological and policy consequences of comparing across the fault lines around which urban migration research is conventionally structured. It critically brings into conversation the “local turn” in migration policy research with debates around comparative urbanism, and discusses how the Mediterranean region and a reconsideration of temporal frames in migration studies can offer a generative framework for comparing cities across the Global “North” and “South.” The comparative analysis considers how, inter alia, legacies of internal mobility, non‐state service provision and divergent public discourses about “diversity” illuminate the different ways in which contemporary migration has been negotiated in the two cities. In doing so, the article challenges assumptions about policy path dependency or the smooth transfer of “best practices” and instead points to the possibility of learning from any city, be it Rome or Rabat.
Shortcuts in knowledge mobilization: An ethnographic study of advanced nurse practitioner discharge decision‐making in the emergency department
Authors: King Rachel , Sanders Tom , Tod Angela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo understand how advanced nurse practitioners use knowledge to inform their discharge decision‐making in the emergency department.BackgroundAdvanced nurse practitioner roles have developed globally in a wide range of healthcare settings, including the emergency department, over the past few years. The scope of practice and training vary widely between countries. Little is known about how they use clinical knowledge in the emergency department.DesignAn ethnographic study was undertaken in an emergency department in the North of England.MethodData were collected by observation (n = 5) and semi‐structured interviews (n = 13) between September 2016 and June 2017. Interview transcripts and field notes were coded using Quirkos software. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes.FindingsIn boundary blurring with medicine, advanced nurse practitioners in the emergency department need to make timely, autonomous discharge decisions. Knowledge mobilization is messy and complex; however, shortcuts facilitate autonomous discharge decision‐making. More experienced advanced nurse practitioners rely less on shortcuts as they draw on experiential knowledge.DiscussionBoundary blurring in the advanced nurse practitioner role in the emergency department, requires reliable knowledge shortcuts. Support from senior colleagues and accessible smartphone apps enable advanced nurse practitioners to efficiently make discharge decisions. This study adds to previous research on how knowledge is managed in boundary blurring.ConclusionAdvanced nurse practitioners in the emergency department require timely access to relevant, up to date knowledge. This study has highlighted their preferred knowledge sources to inform discharge decision‐making. In boundary blurring, shortcuts enable ANPs to use knowledge efficiently to inform patient care in the emergency department.ImpactThe findings increase our understanding of how to equip advanced nurse practitioners with knowledge to facilitate clinical decision‐making. Clinical managers should provide mentorship and relevant up to date knowledge shortcuts to ensure efficient, evidence‐based discharge decision‐making.
No More Gouda in Moscow? Distributive Effects of the Imposition of Sanctions
Authors: Onderco Michal , van der Veer Reinout Arthur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow do private firms respond when they are hit by economic sanctions? Economic sanctions are a vitally important element of the European Union's foreign policy toolbox. While their importance and frequency of use increased, not much is known about the economic impact of the economic sanctions at the micro level. Yet the sanctions imposition has been recently politicized within the EU, especially in the reaction to the sanctions that EU imposed on Russia, and the counter ‐ sanctions that ensued. Drawing on export data for all Dutch companies over the period 2013 –2016, we examine how Dutch companies responded to Russian counter ‐sanctions imposed on the EU after the annexation of Crimea. Our statistical matching approach suggests that while the companies exposed to the sanctions are more likely to go bankrupt compared to their unexposed counterparts, those who survive are able to weather the impact rather well in the medium ‐long term.
Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of hydro ethanol extract of peels of Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Chipsona‐3, and Kufri Jyoti potato varieties alone and in combination
Authors: Bhattacharya Abhishek , Purkait Shilpa , Bag Anwesa , Chattopadhyay Rabi Ranjan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe potato processing industries generate substantial quantities of phenolic‐rich potato peels as waste by‐products that could be valuable natural sources of antimicrobials and antioxidants in food industry. The present study is aimed to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of hydro ethanol extract of peels of three commonly used potato varieties (Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Chipsona‐3, and Kufri Jyoti) alone and in combination along with cytotoxicity evaluation. At their individual effect, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of potato peel extracts were found to be in the following decreasing order: Kufri Chisona‐3 > Kufri Jyoti > Kufri Chandramukhi. In combination, peel extracts of Kufri Chipsona‐3/Kufri Jyoti blend demonstrated synergistic antimicrobial and antioxidant interactions whereas other tested combinations showed additive antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. The peel extracts of Kufri Chipsona‐3/Kufri Jyoti blend did not show any cytotoxic effect up to 1000 μg/ml concentration. Besides, a high positive correlation between total phenolic contents and antimicrobial activity of potato peel extracts was observed. The results provide evidence that hydro ethanol extract of potato peels of Kufri Chipsona‐3/Kufri Jyoti blend may help in designing a more potent safe and effective novel natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Study on the correlation between vaginal bleeding in first trimester and preterm birth: A birth cohort study in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Liu Sufen , Yu Liqun , Wu Qianfeng , Cui Hongmei , Lin Xiaojuan , Wang Wendi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectsTo investigate the correlation between first trimester vaginal bleeding and preterm birth (PB), and to offer suggestions on the perinatal health care and preterm birth prevention.MethodsA birth cohort study was conducted on 10 179 pregnant women. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations between vaginal bleeding and preterm birth in sub‐preterm groups.ResultsOf the 10 179 pregnant women included, a total of 1001 women suffered from vaginal bleeding during the first trimester, of which 119 suffered from PB. Any vaginal bleeding increased the risk of PB. Severe bleeding was a high‐risk factor of PB, associated with 4.8‐fold risk of very PB, 2.7‐fold risk of spontaneous PB without PROM (premature rupture of membrane) and 4.6‐fold risk of medical induced PB. Bleeding prolonged more than 1 week increased 66% risk of PB and 36% risk of PB on initial episode happened in 5–12 weeks of gestation age, especially in moderate PB, in medical‐induced PB and in spontaneous PB with PPROM (preterm premature rupture of membrane which is one cause of PB). Mild bleeding or bleeding within 1 week or initial episode happened within 4 weeks of gestation age possibly had no influence on PB.ConclusionVaginal bleeding in the first‐trimester was an independent risk factor for PB. The severity, duration and initial time of vaginal bleeding had different effects on different subtypes of PB.
Assessment of nutritional status in paediatric outpatients using bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric z‐scores
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Ye Hong , Feng Yi , Pan Li‐ya , Fu Huan‐huan , Liu Yun‐man , Fei Jun , Hong Li 
Published: March 2021

AimTo investigate paediatric outpatients' nutritional status using bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric z‐scores.MethodsA retrospective data analysis of tertiary paediatric hospital outpatients from 2017 to 2019 was conducted. Patients were categorised into three groups (non‐illness, illness and simple obesity) according to clinical diagnoses. The nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis. In addition, body composition measurements of patients in three subgroups of the illness group and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls were compared.ResultsA total of 2015 paediatric outpatients were enrolled. According to body mass index z‐scores, undernutrition prevalence among participants was 14.0% (non‐illness group, 21.3%; illness group, 11.4%). Body composition measurements indicated that 41.6% of participants had a low fat‐free mass index, and the proportions of participants with a low fat‐free mass index in the non‐illness, illness and simple obesity groups were 48.4, 47.0 and 10.7%, respectively. Compared with healthy controls, the haematology and oncology subgroup had a significantly lower fat‐free mass index and fat mass index; the nephrology and rheumatology subgroup had significantly lower height‐for‐age z‐scores but higher fat mass index; and the gastroenterology subgroups had lower fat mass index, fat‐free mass index and body mass index z‐scores.ConclusionsThe results suggested the low fat‐free mass index prevalence was greater than the low body mass index z‐score prevalence among paediatric outpatients, and body composition parameters varied across different illnesses. Body composition analysis is recommended in nutrition clinics for accurate paediatric outpatient nutritional assessment, thereby providing timely individualised nutritional interventions.
Convergence stories of post‐socialist Central‐Eastern European countries
Authors: Baksa Dániel , Kónya István 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper views the growth and convergence process of five Central‐Eastern European economies between 1996 and 2019—the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia—through the lens of an open economy, stochastic neoclassical growth model with simple financial frictions. Our main question is whether shocks to the growth rate of productivity (‘trend’) or shocks to the external interest premium are more important to understand the volatility of GDP growth and its components. We find that while GDP growth fluctuations can be traced back to productivity shocks, the composition of GDP—and consumption in particular—was driven particularly by premium shocks. Investment‐specific and labor market shocks are also important. Our panel estimation allows us to separate global and local components for the productivity‐trend and interest premium shocks. Results indicate that the global trend component is well approximated by the growth rate of the advanced European Union economies, and we also find tentative evidence that recent investment behavior is driven to a large extent by European Union funds.
The effect of chemical exudates of three larvivorous fish species on oviposition preference of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Rathnayaka R. M. G. S. , Jayatunga D. P. W. , Ganehiarachchi G. A. S. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are vectors of dengue worldwide. Mosquito vector control through maintaining larvivorous fish in water bodies is generally suggested, however, its underlying role towards oviposition preference of these dengue vectors is unknown in the Sri Lankan context. The current study investigated the effect of chemical exudates from larvivorous fish species Poecilia reticulata, Rasbora daniconius and Applocheilus dayi on the oviposition preference of Aedes mosquitoes. The number of eggs laid by each mosquito species was determined using ovitraps that contained water conditioned by the fish species both separately and in combination. The ovitraps were placed inside insect cages containing engorged gravid Aedes females. Both the mosquito species had the least preference of oviposition in water conditioned by A. dayi followed by R. daniconius. The highest preference of oviposition was shown for water conditioned by P. reticulata. The current study indicated that oviposition site selection in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was reduced by A. dayi and R. daniconius, however, it was not influenced by the fish combinations used. Further studies are warranted to understand the chemical cues associated with larvivorous fish towards the oviposition preference in Aedes mosquitoes.
Lozenges with probiotic strains enhance oral immune response and health
Authors: Lin Chiao‐Wen , Chen Yi‐Tzu , Ho Hsieh‐Hsun , Hsieh Pei‐Shan , Kuo Yi‐Wei , Lin Jia‐Hung , Liu Cheng‐Ruei , Huang Yu‐Fen , Chen Ching‐Wei , Hsu Chen‐Hung , Lin Wen‐Yang , Yang Shun‐Fa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveProbiotics participate in regulating oral microbiota and reducing the prevalence of oral diseases; however, clinical research on probiotics is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we performed in vitro screening of potential oral protective probiotic strains and then evaluated the clinical efficacy of the selected strains on maintaining oral health.Materials and methodsFifty healthy individuals were recruited and randomly assigned into the placebo group and probiotics group, which included three strains of probiotics, Lactobacillus salivarius subs. salicinius AP‐32, Lactobacillus paracasei ET‐66, and Lactobacillus plantarum LPL28. Each group was blindly administered placebo or probiotics for four weeks.ResultsNext‐generation sequencing results showed that the oral microbiota of Lactobacillus salivarius in the oral cavity were significantly increased in subjects supplemented with mixed probiotic lozenges. The anti‐bacterial activities of viable probiotics were observed within two weeks. Both IgA levels and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium abundances in the oral cavity were significantly increased in the experimental groups, along with a reduced formation of plaque. Most participants reported that their oral health conditions and intestinal symptoms had improved.ConclusionsOverall, our clinical study suggests that oral probiotic lozenges may enhance oral immunity, modulate oral microbiota, and improve oral health.
Managing technical reputation: Regulatory agencies and evidential work in risk assessment
Authors: Demortain David , Borraz Olivier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow can regulatory agencies with a technical or scientific mission forge and defend their reputation, when the definition of expertise is subject to countervailing influences and perceptions among a wide array of audiences? In this paper, we tackle this broad question, focusing on a particular episode of the European controversy over the regulatory control of exposure to bisphenol A, during which the European Food Safety Authority altered the method by which it produced an assessment of the risk of BPA, responding to the regulatory controversy surrounding this substance. Building on the literature on organizational reputation and science and technology studies, we shed light on the work that regulatory agencies undertake to gain credibility in particular configurations of audiences. This perspective on the management of audiences and knowledge standards is central for the explanation of the decisions, policies, and strategies of science‐based agencies, and the way in which a technical reputation takes form in controversy‐prone areas of regulation.
Testing for a dietary shift in the Early Cretaceous ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis
Authors: Landi Damiano , King Logan , Zhao Qi , Rayfield Emily J. , Benton Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany dinosaurs may have shown ecological differentiation between hatchlings and adults, possibly because of the great size differential. The basal ceratopsian Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis is known from thousands of specimens from the Lower Cretaceous of China and these include many so‐called ‘juvenile clusters.’ During the early stages of ontogeny, P. lujiatunensis underwent a posture shift from quadrupedal to bipedal, and a dietary shift has also been postulated. In this study, we made a 2D mechanical analysis of the jaws of a hatchling and an adult to determine the differences between the two systems; we found some differences, but these were only modest. The adult was better suited to feeding on tough plant material than the hatchling, based on its higher values of absolute and relative bite forces and higher values of mechanical advantage, but there were no substantial shifts in jaw shape or function.
Methane‐rich water induces bulblet formation of scale cuttings in Lilium davidii var. unicolor by regulating the signal transduction of phytohormones and their levels
Authors: Qi Nana , Hou Xuemei , Wang Chunlei , Li Changxia , Huang Dengjing , Li Yihua , Wang Ni , Liao Weibiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that methane (CH4) has promoting roles in the adventitious root (AR) and lateral root (LR) formation in plants. However, whether CH4 could trigger the bulblet formation in scale cutting of Lilium davidii var. unicolor has not been elucidated. To gain insight into the effect of CH4 on the bulblet formation, different concentrations (1, 10, 50, and 100%) of methane‐rich water (MRW) and distilled water were applied to treat the scale cuttings of Lilium. We observed that treatment with 100% MRW obviously induced the bulblet formation in scale cuttings. To explore the mechanism of CH4‐induced bulblet formation, the transcriptome of scales was analyzed. A total of 2078 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The DEGs were classified into different metabolic pathways, especially phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant signal transduction. Of these, approximately 38 candidate DEGs involved in the plant signal transduction were further studied. In addition, the expression of AP2‐ERF/ERF, WRKY, GRAS, ARF, and NAC transcription factors (TFs) was changed by MRW treatment, suggesting their potential involvement in bulblet formation. As for hormones, exogenous IAA, GA, and ABA could induce the bulblet formation. Additional experiments suggested that MRW could increase the endogenous IAA, GA, and JA levels, but decrease the levels of ABA during bulblet formation, which showed that higher IAA, GA, JA levels and lower ABA content might facilitate bulblet formation. In addition, the levels of endogenous hormones were consistent with the expression level of genes involved in phytohormone signal transduction. Overall, this study has revealed that CH4 might improve the bulblet formation of cutting scales in Lilium by regulating the expression of genes related to phytohormone signal transduction and TFs, as well as by changing the endogenous hormone levels.
Black Women and the Pleasures of Intellectual Work
Authors: Wall Cheryl 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhat does it mean for a Black woman to choose to do intellectual work? In the twenty‐first century, Black women, either by virtue of their academic careers or their vocations outside of institutional settings, pursue intellectual work for its own sake as well as in pursuit of collective goals. That is to say, they can acknowledge intellectual work as a source of personal fulfillment, indeed a source of joy in ways that earlier generations of Black women could not. At least that should be true. In fact, it remains difficult for Black women to own the joy that their engagement with ideas produces.
Advancing preservice teacher’s science pedagogy beyond the classroom
Authors: Feille Kelly K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe goals of science education include providing students with real‐world learning experiences that connect directly to learning objectives and deepen student interest in science. Learning experiences that occur outside of the science classroom can help science educators respond to these goals. To encourage the use of learning environments beyond the four walls of a classroom, teacher preparation programs should integrate learning experiences for preservice teachers that engage them in learning science and methods for science teaching beyond the classroom. The purpose of this study was to investigate how preservice teachers’ learning and pedagogical experiences in an elementary science methods class that extends beyond the classroom setting may influence the frequency and type of out‐of‐classroom experiences they include in self‐constructed, 5E instructional sequences. Findings in this exploratory, multicase study indicate that preservice teachers who experienced out‐of‐classroom learning in their science methods course may be likely to include similar types of learning in their written lesson plans. However, PSETs who were offered multiple and varied learning experiences beyond the traditional classroom were more likely to include out‐of‐classroom experiences in self‐constructed 5E instructional sequences than those with limited or one‐time experiences.
The Lasting Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Support for Anti‐Democratic Political Systems: A Six‐Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Roccato Michele , Russo Silvia , Colloca Pasquale , Cavazza Nicoletta 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the enduring effects exerted by COVID‐19 exposure and subjective economic threats on support for anti‐democratic political systems.MethodWe performed a two‐wave longitudinal study on a quota panel of the Italian adult population (N = 1,073), surveyed first in April 2020, during the first peak of the pandemic (T1) and the first lockdown, and second in October 2020, at the onset of the second peak of the pandemic and of the second lockdown (T2).ResultsA mediation model showed that COVID‐19 exposure and subjective economic threats, measured at T1, fostered a negative evaluation of how the government managed the pandemic, which, in turn, had a positive association with support for anti‐democratic political systems, both measured at T2.ConclusionThe existential threats related to the COVID‐19 pandemic have enduring political consequences, undermining people's support for democracy, even six months after their onset.