bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is two‐incision approach superior to the mini‐posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty?: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lei Ting , Qian Hu , Ye Zhimin , Lei Pengfei , Hu Yihe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhether there is any clinical superiority for the two‐incision total hip arthroplasty (THA) over the mini‐posterior THA remains controversial. The present meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively compare the clinical outcomes between the two mini‐invasive THAs.MethodsTwo authors searched the database of Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library to screen eligible studies individually. The quality evaluation of included studies was performed according to the principle of risk‐of‐bias of the Cochrane Library. The pooled results were analysed by Review Manager 5.3 software.ResultsA total of seven prospective studies (including five randomized controlled trials) with 423 hips were finally included for meta‐analysis. The pooled results revealed that the mini‐posterior THA outperformed the two‐incision THA in shortening operative times, reducing blood loss and postoperative fracture risks, while no significant difference was found between the two surgery methods with respect to HSS scoring, SF‐12 scoring, postoperative function recovery and other postoperative complications.ConclusionBased on the pooled results, we suggested the mini‐posterior THA as a preferable choice for patients suffering from severe advanced hip diseases.
Changing parenting style between two generations and its impacts on the severity of behavioral and emotional symptoms
Authors: Ghorbani Sareh , Gharraee Banafsheh , Hosseini Fariba , Maghami Sharif Zahra , Aghebati Asma 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to compare the perceived parenting dimensions in mothers and their daughters (differences between two generations), and study the relationship between these dimensions and the severity of daughters' behavioral and emotional symptoms.Materials and Methods300 participants (150 daughters with their mothers) participated in this study. They responded to the perceived parenting styles questionnaire (PSQ), and mothers were additionally asked to answer the child symptoms inventory‐4 (CSI‐4). Data analysis was done by the SPSS using the paired sample t‐test and multiple regressions.ResultsThe results indicated a significant difference between perceived parenting dimensions in mothers and their daughters; specifically, acceptance and control dimensions increased through generation. It was also found that daughters' acceptance‐rejection dimension could predict the severity of the symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorders, autism spectrum disorders, depression, dysthymia, conduct disorders, and opposite defiant disorders. The control‐autonomy dimension could also predict the severity of schizophrenia symptoms.ConclusionThe results indicate the different parenting styles between two generations and the critical role of parenting in developing the children's psychopathology symptoms.
Quantifying the global threat to native birds from predation by non‐native birds on small islands
Authors: Evans Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough invasive non‐native species can adversely affect biodiversity in many ways, predation of native species by non‐native species on islands can be severely damaging. Results of numerous studies document non‐native birds preying on birds on islands, but our understanding of the number and type of species affected has been limited by the lack of a global review of these impacts. I identified the non‐native bird species that have been recorded preying on birds, the locations where this predation occurred, and the bird species affected. Because the impacts of non‐native birds can be particularly severe on small islands, I then identified the islands <500 km2 around the world that are occupied by predatory non‐native birds. By taking into account their life‐history traits and predation history, I also identified the near‐threatened and threatened bird species on these islands that they may prey on. The results indicated that predation by non‐native birds was primarily a concern for threatened bird conservation on small islands; almost all predation impacts (91%) on near‐threatened and threatened birds were recorded on islands, and median island size was 106 km2. I also found non‐native bird predation was a poorly known and widespread potential threat to avian biodiversity; worldwide, 194 islands of <500 km2 were occupied by predatory non‐native birds, but information on their impacts was unavailable for most of these islands. On them, where the impacts of non‐native species can be severe, non‐native birds may be preying on approximately 6% of the world's near‐threatened and threatened bird species. Four non‐native bird species I identified have been successfully eradicated from islands. If they were eradicated from the small islands they occupy, 70% of the near‐threatened and threatened bird species I identified would no longer be affected by nest predation by non‐native birds on small islands.
Changes in microbial utilization and fate of soil carbon following the addition of different fractions of anaerobic digestate to soils
Authors: Cattin Marta , Semple Kirk T. , Stutter Marc , Romano Gaetano , Lag‐Brotons Alfonso J. , Parry Chris , Surridge Ben W. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractApplying digestate, the residue from anaerobic digestion, to soil as a replacement for inorganic fertiliser is of growing interest in agriculture. However, the impacts of different fractions of digestate on the soil carbon (C) cycle remain unclear and provide the focus for the research reported here. We examined the effects of applying whole digestate (WD) and solid digestate (SD) on carbon dioxide (CO2C) efflux, the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass C (Cmicro) and phospholipid fatty acids, alongside carbon use efficiency (CUE). A 21‐day laboratory microcosm incubation was used to investigate the impacts of digestate when applied to two grassland soils of high versus low initial nutrient content. Application rates for SD and WD were based on recommended nitrogen (N) inputs to grassland soils for these organic materials. Compared to control treatments, cumulative CO2C efflux and the concentration of DOC increased significantly after WD and SD application, although only within the low nutrient soil. Both Cmicro and the fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio increased significantly following SD application, regardless of the initial soil nutrient content. These observations are likely to reflect the larger input of C, alongside the dominance of more strongly lignified compounds, associated with SD compared to WD to achieve a constant N application rate. Our results also indicate that the two digestate fractions generated significantly different CUE. The application of SD led to increases in Cmicro and positive values of CUE, whereas decreases in Cmicro and negative values of CUE were observed following WD application. These findings emphasize the need to carefully plan the management of digestate in agricultural production systems, to minimize negative impacts on C storage within soils whilst maximizing the agronomic value derived from digestate.Highlights
Past research has not fully elucidated the impacts of digestate fractions on the soil C cycle.
Soil nutrient status + digestate fraction shown to impact microbial community and CO2C efflux.
Solid digestate fraction has positive impacts on microbial biomass and carbon use efficiency.
Root‐derived inputs are major contributors to soil carbon in temperate forests, but vary by mycorrhizal type
Authors: Keller Adrienne B. , Brzostek Edward R. , Craig Matthew E. , Fisher Joshua B. , Phillips Richard P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRoots promote the formation of slow‐cycling soil carbon (C), yet we have a limited understanding of the magnitude and controls on this flux. We hypothesised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)‐ and ectomycorrhizal (ECM)‐associated trees would exhibit differences in root‐derived C accumulation in the soil, and that much of this C would be transferred into mineral‐associated pools. We installed δ13C‐enriched ingrowth cores across mycorrhizal gradients in six Eastern U.S. forests (n = 54 plots). Overall, root‐derived C was 54% greater in AM versus ECM‐dominated plots. This resulted in nearly twice as much root‐derived C in putatively slow‐cycling mineral‐associated pools in AM compared to ECM plots. Given that our estimates of root‐derived inputs were often equal to or greater than leaf litter inputs, our results suggest that variation in root‐derived soil C accumulation due to tree mycorrhizal dominance may be a key control of soil C dynamics in forests.
Consistency of faecal scoring using two canine faecal scoring systems
Authors: Cavett C. L. , Tonero M. , Marks S. L. , Winston J. A. , Gilor C. , Rudinsky A. J. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the agreement of canine faecal scoring between individuals with different levels of experience using two available faecal scoring systems.Materials and MethodsNaturally‐voided, undisturbed bowel movements from 126 dogs were evaluated by veterinarians (n = 3) and members of the lay public (n = 126) within 15 minutes of defecation. Each participant was provided a copy of the Purina and Waltham faecal scoring charts in order to characterise the faeces. Agreement between veterinarians and lay people was assessed with kappa statistics, Bland‐Altman analysis and visualised with Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsVariable levels of consistency were observed in assessing faecal form among individuals with varying degrees of experience. Fair to substantial agreement existed between individual veterinarians scoring the same bowel movement (kappa statistic ranging from 0.40 to 0.77 on the Purina Scale and 0.54 to 0.61 on the Waltham Scale), while the agreement scores between the veterinarian and the lay public was fair (kappa statistic of 0.38 on the Purina Scale and 0.34 on the Waltham Scale). Disagreement in faecal scores occurred more frequently with lay people versus veterinarians.Clinical SignificanceThe consistency of faecal scoring improved based on the level of experience with the highest agreement consistently noted between veterinarians. In all comparisons, there was inconsistency in faecal scoring which might have implications for veterinarians managing diarrhoeic canine patients. Further studies are needed to better investigate how faecal scoring can be optimised for use in clinical and research settings.
Two ATAF transcription factors ANAC102 and ATAF1 contribute to the suppression of cytochrome P450‐mediated brassinosteroid catabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Peng Hao , Neff Michael M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPHYB ACTIVATION TAGGED SUPPRESSOR 1 (BAS1) and SUPPRESSOR OF PHYB‐4 7 (SOB7) are two cytochrome P450 enzymes that inactivate brassinosteroids (BRs) in Arabidopsis. The NAC transcription factor (TF) ATAF2 (ANAC081) and the core circadian clock regulator CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) both suppress the expression of BAS1 and SOB7 via direct promoter binding. Additionally, BRs cause feedback suppression on ATAF2 expression. Here, we report that two ATAF‐subgroup TFs, ANAC102 and ATAF1 (ANAC002), also contribute to the transcriptional suppression of BAS1 and SOB7. ANAC102 and ATAF1 gene‐knockout mutants exhibit elevated expression of both BAS1 and SOB7, expanded tissue‐level accumulation of their protein products and reduced hypocotyl growth in response to exogenous BR treatments. Similar to ATAF2, both ANAC102 and ATAF1 are transcriptionally suppressed by BRs and white light. Neither BAS1 nor SOB7 expression is further elevated in ATAF double or triple mutants, suggesting that the suppression effect of these three ATAFs is not additive. In addition, ATAF single, double, and triple mutants have similar levels of BR responsiveness with regard to hypocotyl elongation. ATAF2, ANAC102, ATAF1, and CCA1 physically interact with itself and each other, suggesting that they may coordinately suppress BAS1 and SOB7 expression via protein–protein interactions. Despite the absence of CCA1‐binding elements in their promoters, ANAC102 and ATAF1 have similar transcript circadian oscillation patterns as that of CCA1, suggesting that these two ATAF genes may be indirectly regulated by the circadian clock.
Radiographically confirmed outcomes after fracture repair with a PLS polyaxial locking system in 40 dogs and cats
Authors: Bassanino Jean , Kaczmarek Jakub , Boursier Jean‐François , Mindner Julia , Paton Rory , Bedu Anne Sophie , Unger Martin , Scharvogel Stefan , Meiler Diane , Leperlier Dimitri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report radiographic findings and complications after fracture repair with a new polyaxial locking plate system (PLS polyaxial locking system; Aesculap/B Braun, Tuttlingen, Germany) in dogs and cats.Study designRetrospective case review from four veterinary practices.Sample populationTwenty‐six dogs and 14 cats (40 long bone fractures).MethodsMedical and radiographic records of dogs and cats with long bone fractures treated with the PLS were reviewed. Cases were included when operative records were complete and included documentation of radiographic union or complications. Phone interviews of owners were performed for long‐term follow‐up. Ancillary methods of fracture fixation and associated complications were recorded.ResultsOnly two complications were recorded, one of which required a revision surgery. Radiographic follow‐up was performed for all fractures. Radiographic union without complications was achieved in 38 of 40 (95%) fractures. Radiographic union was documented before 60 days in 19 of 40 (47.5%) fractures, between 61 and 90 days in 15 of 40 (37.5%) fractures, and after 90 days in six of 40 (15%) fractures. A functional union was observed at a mean time ± SD of 70.8 ± 38.9 days (range, 32‐182). One or more ancillary fixation methods were used in 27 of 40 (67.5%) fractures.ConclusionThe PLS polyaxial locking system was often used with adjunct fixation in this series, and radiographically confirmed healing without complications was documented in most cases.Clinical significanceUse of the PLS can result in high success rates for fracture repair in dogs and cats, but ancillary fixation should be strongly considered.
“In cities, it’s not far, but it takes long”: comparing estimated and replicated travel times to reach life-saving obstetric care in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Wong Kerry L M , Ayomoh Francis Ifeanyi , Giwa-Ayedun Rokibat Olabisi , Benova Lenka 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTravel time to comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) facilities in low-resource settings is commonly estimated using modelling approaches. Our objective was to derive and compare estimates of travel time to reach CEmOC in an African megacity using models and web-based platforms against actual replication of travel.MethodsWe extracted data from patient files of all 732 pregnant women who presented in emergency in the four publicly owned tertiary CEmOC facilities in Lagos, Nigeria, between August 2018 and August 2019. For a systematically selected subsample of 385, we estimated travel time from their homes to the facility using the cost-friction surface approach, Open Source Routing Machine (OSRM) and Google Maps, and compared them to travel time by two independent drivers replicating women’s journeys. We estimated the percentage of women who reached the facilities within 60 and 120 min.ResultsThe median travel time for 385 women from the cost-friction surface approach, OSRM and Google Maps was 5, 11 and 40 min, respectively. The median actual drive time was 50–52 min. The mean errors were >45 min for the cost-friction surface approach and OSRM, and 14 min for Google Maps. The smallest differences between replicated and estimated travel times were seen for night-time journeys at weekends; largest errors were found for night-time journeys at weekdays and journeys above 120 min. Modelled estimates indicated that all participants were within 60 min of the destination CEmOC facility, yet journey replication showed that only 57% were, and 92% were within 120 min.ConclusionsExisting modelling methods underestimate actual travel time in low-resource megacities. Significant gaps in geographical access to life-saving health services like CEmOC must be urgently addressed, including in urban areas. Leveraging tools that generate ‘closer-to-reality’ estimates will be vital for service planning if universal health coverage targets are to be realised by 2030.
Investigating online psychological treatment for adolescents with a visible difference in the Dutch YP Face IT study: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: van Dalen Marije , Pasmans Suzanne G M. A , Aendekerk Marie-Louise , Mathijssen Irene , Koudstaal Maarten , Timman Reinier , Williamson Heidi , Hillegers Manon , Utens Elisabeth M W. J , Okkerse Jolanda 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThis paper outlines the study protocol for the Dutch Young People (YP) Face IT Study. Adolescents with a visible difference (ie, disfigurement) often experience challenging social situations such as being stared at, receiving unwanted questions or being teased. As a consequence, some of these adolescents experience adverse psychosocial outcomes and appearance-related distress. To address this appearance-related distress, an online psychotherapeutic intervention, YP Face IT, has been developed. YP Face IT uses social interaction skills training and cognitive–behavioural therapy. The Dutch YP Face IT Study tests whether this intervention is effective in reducing social anxiety and improving body esteem.Methods and analysisParticipants are adolescents aged 12–18 with a visible difference and experiencing appearance-related distress. In this two-armed randomised controlled trial, 224 adolescents will be randomised to care as usual or YP Face IT. Adolescents will complete questionnaires at baseline, at 13 weeks and at 25 weeks. Primary outcomes are differences in social anxiety and body esteem between YP Face IT and care as usual. Secondary outcomes are differences in aspects of self-worth, perceived stigmatisation, health-related quality of life, life engagement, appearance-related distress and depressive symptoms between the two groups.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was obtained from the medical ethics review committee in Rotterdam (reference number MEC-2018-052/NL63955.078.18). Findings will be disseminated through academic peer-reviewed publications, conferences and newsletters to patient associations and participants of the study.Trial registration numberThe Netherlands Trial Register (NL7626).
Development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks delivering early defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in areas lacking timely access to emergency medical services (EMS) in Germany: a comparative economic study
Authors: Bauer Jan , Moormann Dieter , Strametz Reinhard , Groneberg David A 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThis study wants to assess the cost-effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Especially in rural areas with longer response times of emergency medical services (EMS) early lay defibrillation could lead to a significant higher survival in OHCA.Participants3296 emergency medical stations in Germany.SettingRural areas in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThree UAV networks providing 80%, 90% or 100% coverage for rural areas lacking timely access to EMS (ie, time-to-defibrillation: >10 min) were developed using a location allocation analysis. For each UAV network, primary outcome was the cost-effectiveness using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) calculated by the ratio of financial costs to additional life years gained compared with current EMS.ResultsCurrent EMS with 3926 emergency stations was able to gain 1224 life years on annual average in the study area. The UAV network providing 100% coverage consisted of 1933 UAV with average annual costs of €43.5 million and 1845 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €23 568). The UAV network providing 90% coverage consisted of 1074 UAV with average annual costs of €24.2 million and 1661 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €14 548). The UAV network providing 80% coverage consisted of 798 UAV with average annual costs of €18.0 million and 1477 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €12 158).ConclusionThese results reveal the relevant life-saving potential of all modelled UAV networks. Furthermore, all analysed UAV networks could be deemed cost-effective. However, real-life applications are needed to validate the findings.
Comparison of self-report and objective measures of male sexual dysfunction in a Japanese primary care setting: a cross-sectional, self-administered mixed methods survey
Authors: Takeuchi Yuki , Otsuka Ryohei , Kojima Hajime , Fetters Michael D 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common problem among middle-aged males and men often do not talk about sexual problems with their primary care physicians (PCPs). We hypothesised that many Japanese men who meet the criteria for ED would not recognise their condition based on responses to an internationally validated scale. Our secondary aims were to examine potential barriers to seeking treatment for ED by their PCPs. We sought to elucidate their perspectives about male sexual dysfunction qualitatively. Through merging of the quantitative and qualitative findings, we sought an enhanced understanding of the factors affecting sexual dysfunction treatment.DesignA cross-sectional, self-administered mixed methods survey was distributed at a suburban family medicine clinic in Sapporo, Japan. Eligible participants were 40 to 69-year-old men who came for routine scheduled visits from 5 November to 21 December 2018. During the office visit, participants completed a confidential 11-item survey addressing sexual dysfunction including the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function scale and open-ended questioning.SettingTeine Family Medicine Clinic, a suburban family medicine clinic in Sapporo, Japan.ParticipantsWe enroled 66 male patients aged 40–69 years who presented for routine outpatient care in the Teine Family Medicine Clinic.ResultsOf surveyed participants, 39% (26/66) reported having sexual dysfunction, but 92% (61/66) met ED criteria. Of respondents, 48% (16/33) had desire for treatment, but only one man had discussed sexual dysfunction with his PCP. Among the 12 desiring treatment from PCPs, the main barriers to discussing were shame (n=7) and lack of awareness that PCPs can treat ED (n=5). These men’s perspectives about sexual dysfunction included viewing sexual dysfunction as normal ageing, attributing sexual dysfunction to decreased libido, considering sexual activity for a healthy life, having good rapport with PCPs, having incomplete knowledge about treatment and lacking an intimate relationship. Through a resulting model, the merged mixed methods findings illustrate how patient perceptions can reinforce or attenuate issues of awareness, desire for treatment and barriers to access.ConclusionsIn a Japanese primary care setting, the majority of participating male patients met ED criteria on an internationally validated measure, namely, the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function, but many were not aware of their ED. Misperceptions, lack of knowledge and personal factors are barriers to treatment. The mixed methods findings suggest misperceptions and personal attributes reinforce or attenuate awareness, preference for treatment and barriers to access. We conclude PCPs should routinely inquire about sexual dysfunction of men at risk and offer treatment to men who would benefit.