bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring invisible neutrino decay at ESSnuSB
Authors: Choubey Sandhya , Ghosh Monojit , Kempe Daniel , Ohlsson Tommy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We explore invisible neutrino decay in which a heavy active neutrino state decays into a light sterile neutrino state and present a comparative analysis of two baseline options, 540 km and 360 km, for the ESSnuSB experimental setup. Our analysis shows that ESSnuSB can put a bound on the decay parameter τ3/m3 = 2.64 (1.68) × 10−11 s/eV for the baseline option of 360 (540) km at 3σ. The expected bound obtained for 360 km is slightly better than the corresponding one of DUNE for a charged current (CC) analysis. Furthermore, we show that the capability of ESSnuSB to discover decay, and to measure the decay parameter precisely, is better for the baseline option of 540 km than that of 360 km. Regarding effects of decay in δCP measurements, we find that in general the CP violation discovery potential is better in the presence of decay. The change in CP precision is significant if one assumes decay in data but no decay in theory.
Chronische Pankreatitis
Authors: Kristic Antonia , Bastati N. , Poetter-Lang S. , Messner A. , Herold A. , Tamandl D. , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Klinisches/methodisches Problem
Bei der chronischen Pankreatitis (CP) handelt es sich um eine langanhaltende Entzündung der Bauchspeicheldrüse, welche die normale Struktur und Funktion des Organs schädigt. Das breite Spektrum an entzündlichen Pankreaserkrankungen umfasst einzelne Entitäten, wie die fokale Pankreatitis (FP) oder den Pseudotumor („mass-forming pancreatitis“), welche radiomorphologisch ein Adenokarzinom der Bauchspeicheldrüse (PDAC) nachahmen können. In weiterer Folge kann eine Fehldiagnose zu einem vermeidbaren und unnötigen operativen Eingriff oder zu einer Therapieverzögerung führen.

Radiologische Standardverfahren
Der Ultraschall (US) ist das primäre bildgebende Verfahren zur Abklärung von Pankreaserkrankungen, gefolgt von kontrastmittelverstärkter Computertomographie (KM-CT), die als meistverwendete Methode bei der diagnostischen Abklärung von Bauchspeicheldrüsenerkrankungen gilt. Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und/oder die MR-Cholangiopankreatographie (MRCP) können als Problemlöser eingesetzt werden, um zwischen soliden und zystischen Läsionen zu unterscheiden sowie auch Anomalien der Pankreasgänge auszuschließen, welche bei rezidivierender akuter Pankreatitis (AP) vorhanden sein können, oder um frühe Anzeichen einer CP zu visualisieren. Die MRCP hat dabei die diagnostische endoskopische retrograde Cholangiopankreatographie (ERCP) in der Abklärung von therapeutischen Interventionen im Wesentlichen ersetzt.

Empfehlung für die Praxis
Folgender Übersichtsartikel fasst die relevanten Merkmale in der Computertomographie (CT) und MRT zusammen, um eine akkurate, frühzeitige Diagnose einer CP zu stellen und eine Differenzierung zwischen FP und Pankreaskarzinom zu ermöglichen, um somit – auch in schwierigen Fällen – ein adäquates Therapiemanagement zu gewährleisten.
Verifying correctness of persistent concurrent data structures: a sound and complete method
Authors: Derrick John , Doherty Simon , Dongol Brijesh , Schellhorn Gerhard , Wehrheim Heike 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Non-volatile memory (NVM), aka persistent memory, is a new memory paradigm that preserves its contents even after power loss. The expected ubiquity of NVM has stimulated interest in the design of
persistent
concurrent data structures, together with associated notions of correctness. In this paper, we present a formal proof technique for
durable linearizability
, which is a correctness criterion that extends linearizability to handle crashes and recovery in the context ofNVM.Our proofs are based on refinement of Input/Output automata (IOA) representations of concurrent data structures. To this end, we develop a generic procedure for transforming any standard sequential data structure into a durable specification and prove that this transformation is both sound and complete. Since the durable specification only exhibits durably linearizable behaviours, it serves as the abstract specification in our refinement proof. We exemplify our technique on a recently proposed persistentmemory queue that builds on Michael and Scott’s lock-free queue. To support the proofs, we describe an automated translation procedure from code to IOA and a thread-local proof technique for verifying correctness of invariants.
Equilibrium payoffs in two-player discounted OLG games
Authors: Morooka Chihiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper studies payoffs in subgame perfect equilibria of two-player discounted overlapping generations games with perfect monitoring. Assuming that mixed strategies are observable and a public randomization device is available, it is shown that sufficiently patient players can obtain any payoffs in the interior of the smallest rectangle containing the feasible and strictly individually rational payoffs of the stage game, when we first choose the rate of discount and then choose the players’ lifespan. Unlike repeated games without overlapping generations, obtaining payoffs outside the feasible set of the stage game does not require unequal discounting.
Nonexistence of Subcritical Solitary Waves
Authors: Kozlov Vladimir , Lokharu Evgeniy , Wheeler Miles H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe prove the nonexistence of two-dimensional solitary gravity water waves with subcritical wave speeds and an arbitrary distribution of vorticity. This is a longstanding open problem, and even in the irrotational case there are only partial results relying on sign conditions or smallness assumptions. As a corollary, we obtain a relatively complete classification of solitary waves: they must be supercritical, symmetric, and monotonically decreasing on either side of a central crest. The proof introduces a new function which is related to the so-called flow force and has several surprising properties. In addition to solitary waves, our nonexistence result applies to “half-solitary” waves (e.g. bores) which decay in only one direction.
Symmetric and Asymmetric Multiple Impulsive Constraints Without Friction and Their Characterization
Authors: Pasquero Stefano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present two meaningful and effective non-ideal constitutive characterizations for a multiple impulsive constraints $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
comprising a finite number of non-ideal frictionless constraints of codimension 1, described in the geometric setup given by the space–time bundle $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
of a mechanical system in contact/impact with $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
. Thanks to the geometric structures associated to the elements of $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
, we introduce a symmetric characterization, that does not distinguish the elements forming $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
as regards mechanical behavior, and an asymmetric one that makes this distinction. Both the characterizations provide a generalization of the characterization of ideal multiple constraints presented in Pasquero (Q Appl Math 76(3):547–576, 2018). The iterative nature of these characterizations allows the introduction of two algorithms determining the right velocity of the system in case of single or multiple contact/impact with symmetric or asymmetric constraints $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
, once the elements forming $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
and the left velocity of the system are known. We show the effectiveness of the two possible choices with explicit implementations of these algorithms in two significant examples: a simplified Newton’s cradle system for the symmetric characterization and a disk in multiple contact/impact with two walls of a corner for the asymmetric one.
Latest Miocene restriction of the Mediterranean Outflow Water: a perspective from the Gulf of Cádiz
Authors: Ng Zhi Lin , Hernández-Molina F. Javier , Duarte Débora , Sierro Francisco J. , Ledesma Santiago , Rogerson Michael , Llave Estefanía , Roque Cristina , Manar M. Amine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Mediterranean-Atlantic water mass exchange provides the ideal setting for deciphering the role of gateway evolution in ocean circulation. However, the dynamics of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) during the closure of the Late Miocene Mediterranean-Atlantic gateways are poorly understood. Here, we define the sedimentary evolution of Neogene basins from the Gulf of Cádiz to the West Iberian margin to investigate MOW circulation during the latest Miocene. Seismic interpretation highlights a middle to upper Messinian seismic unit of transparent facies, whose base predates the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC). Its facies and distribution imply a predominantly hemipelagic environment along the Atlantic margins, suggesting an absence or intermittence of MOW preceding evaporite precipitation in the Mediterranean, simultaneous to progressive gateway restriction. The removal of MOW from the Mediterranean-Atlantic water mass exchange reorganized the Atlantic water masses and is correlated to a severe weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and a period of further cooling in the North Atlantic during the latest Miocene.
Ependymal ciliary motion and their role in congenital hydrocephalus
Authors: Sakamoto Koichiro , Nakajima Madoka , Kawamura Kaito , Nakamura Eri , Tada Norihiro , Kondo Akihide , Arai Hajime , Miyajima Masakazu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Since a case of hydrocephalus in humans considered to be caused by ciliary dysfunction was first reported by Greenstone et al. in 1984, numerous papers on the correlation between ciliary function and hydrocephalus have been published.

Methods
We reviewed the published literature on primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans causing hydrocephalus, focusing on articles specifically examining the relation between ciliary function and hydrocephalus and its treatment. In addition, the authors’ experience is briefly discussed.

Results
Full texts of 16 articles reporting cases of human hydrocephalus (including ventriculomegaly) due to defects in ependymal ciliary function or primary ciliary dyskinesia observed in clinical practice were extracted. In recent years, studies on animal models, especially employing knockout mice, have revealed genetic mutations that cause hydrocephalus via ciliary dysfunction. However, a few reports on the onset of hydrocephalus in human patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia have confirmed that the incidence of this condition was extremely low compared to that in animal models.

Conclusion
In humans, it is rare for hydrocephalus to develop solely because of abnormalities in the cilia, and it is highly likely that other factors are also involved along with ciliary dysfunction.
Migration characteristics of the Corail hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stem—a retrospective clinical evaluation and migration measurement with EBRA
Authors: Dammerer Dietmar , Blum Philipp , Putzer David , Krappinger Dietmar , Pabinger Christof , Liebensteiner Michael C. , Thaler Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Uncemented stem migration analysis by EBRA-FCA (Einzel-Bild-Roentgen Analyse, Femoral Component Analysis) has been seen to be a good predictive indicator for early implant failure. In this study, we investigated the migration behavior of a cementless press-fit stem after two years follow-up. Stem type and postoperative gap between collar and femur were evaluated as a risk factor.

Methods
Applying a retrospective study design, we reviewed all consecutive patients who between 2013 and 2017 received a cementless press-fit Corail stem (DePuy Orthopaedics Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA) at our Department. We reviewed medical histories and performed radiological measurements using EBRA-FCA software.

Results
A total of 109 stems in 105 patients (female: 60; male: 45) fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Mean age at surgery was 67.8 (range, 21.6–90.5) years. EBRA migration analysis showed a mean subsidence of 1.8 mm (range, 0.0–12.1) at final follow-up. At 18 months mean subsidence of collared stems was significantly lower than in the collarless group [1.3 mm (range, 0.0–7.6) vs. 3.2 mm (range, 0.5–10.7), p = 0.0104]. Collared stems resting on the femoral cut presented a tendency to less subsidence than did collared stems showing a postoperative gap between collar and femur (1.3 vs. 2.0 mm) without finding statistical significance (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Low subsidence and the migration pattern of the cementless press-fit stem may predict a good long-term result. Collared stems investigated in our study provide good stability and are able to prevent significant subsidence.
Trial registration number and date of registration: Number: 20181024-1875; Date: 2018-10-24
Lyophilization and homogenization of biological samples improves reproducibility and reduces standard deviation in molecular biology techniques
Authors: Molnar Agnes , Lakat Tamas , Hosszu Adam , Szebeni Beata , Balogh Anna , Orfi Laszlo , Szabo Attila J. , Fekete Andrea , Hodrea Judit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLyophilization is a cost-effective method for biological specimen preservation but detailed tissue-specific reference protocols are still lacking. Moreover, data are limited on the long-term stability of proteins and nucleic acids in lyophilized samples.Here, we offer lyophilization protocols for various rat and mouse tissues (kidney, heart, liver, lung, aorta, and skin) coupled with technical hints for optimal sample preparation. We demonstrate that lyophilized samples stored at 4 °C for 20 months can yield protein and RNA of similar quantity and quality to −80 °C storage, while phosphorylated proteins are preserved as well. Freeze-dried and subsequently pulverized samples can provide more consistent, more reliable data especially when investigating focal injuries, such as fibrosis. We developed a protocol for the concentration of biological solutions and achieved 20-times concentration in human peritoneal dialysis effluent solution which enables the previously unattainable detection of proteins in these samples. We established a method for water removal as well as accurate water content measurement of fecal samples, which can be valuable for gut metabolome analysis.Taken together, lyophilization is a valuable tool for the preservation of biological samples with many advantages. We aim to draw attention to the wide range of possibilities offered by freeze drying in pre-clinical or basic research.
Gemeinschaftsdiagnose: Pandemie verzögert Aufschwung — Demografie bremst Wachstum
Authors: Holtemöller Oliver , Kooths Stefan , Michelsen Claus , Schmidt Torsten , Wollmershäuser Timo 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDas erste Jahr der Corona-Pandemie stand in Deutschland im Zeichen extremer Schwankungen der ökonomischen Aktivität und einer massiv gelähmten Binnenwirtschaft. In ihrem Frühjahrsgutachten gehen die Institute davon aus, dass der derzeitige Shutdown zunächst fortgesetzt und ab Mitte Mai bis zum Ende des dritten Quartals nach und nach aufgehoben wird. Im Zuge der Lockerungen wird sich vor allem der private Konsum kräftig erholen. Insgesamt dürfte das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in diesem Jahr um 3,7 % und im kommenden Jahr um 3,9 % zulegen.
Patentdimensionen und die Entwicklung und Herstellung von Corona-Impfstoffen
Authors: Volpert Tobias , Riepe Marcel 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungHoffnungsträger zur Überwindung der Corona-Pandemie sind die potentiellen Impfstoffe. Um die Pandemie zu beenden, wäre ein weltweiter Einsatz dieser Impfstoffe nötig. Der knappe Impfstoff steht aber nur den reichsten Ländern der Welt zur Verfügung. Bei Innovationen wie den Corona-Impfstoffen ist es der Politik jedoch möglich, Patente auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise auszugestalten. Dabei macht es einen Unterschied, welche Dimension eines Patentsystems verändert wird, wenn die Politik das Ziel verfolgt, Fortschritt mit Hilfe von Patenten nicht nur zu fördern, sondern auch weltweit zugänglich zu machen.
Mental health in migrants contacting the mental health operational unit of the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (NIHMP): preliminary data
Authors: Gramaglia Carla , Gambaro Eleonora , Marangon Debora , Vecchi Camilla , Airoldi Chiara , Mastrangelo Martina , Mirisola Concetta , Costanzo Gianfranco , Baralla Francesca , Marchetti Marco , Zeppegno Patrizia , Sarchiapone Marco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim
Migration can lead to an increase in stress rates and can impact mental health, especially in certain migrant groups. Nonetheless, mental health needs and the importance of public health are not well captured in most studies using national samples. This study aimed to show the correlation between mental disorders, socio-demographic and cultural aspects among migrants.

Subject and methods
One hundred nineteen migrants, applying for assessment to the Mental Health Operational Unit of the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (NIHMP) in Rome, were recruited.

Results
Migrants frequently reported mood disorders (mainly women). Men reported PTSD, somatization and adjustment disorders.

Conclusions
Over time, diverse factors may produce a decline in an initially healthy migrant status. The research unveils a new focus on the psychopathology of migrants accessing the NIHMP, with important implications for migrants’ mental health treatment and prevention.
Trade-Control Compliance in SMEs: Do Decision-Makers and Supply Chain Position Make a Difference?
Authors: Hauser Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, trade-control laws and regulations such as embargoes and sanctions have gained importance. However, there is limited empirical research on the ways in which small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) respond to such coercive economic measures. Building on the literature on organizational responses to external demands and behavioral ethics, this study addresses this issue to better understand how external pressures and managerial decision-making are associated with the scope of trade-control compliance programs. Based on a sample of 289 SMEs, the findings show that the organizational responses of SMEs reflect proportionate adjustments to regulatory pressures but only if decision-makers are well informed and aware of the prevailing rules and regulations. Conversely, uninformed decision-making leads to a disproportionate response resulting in an inadequately reduced scope of the compliance program. In addition, the results indicate that SMEs that are highly integrated into supply chains are susceptible to passing-the-buck behavior.
The high energy Universe at ultra-high resolution: the power and promise of X-ray interferometry
Authors: Uttley Phil , Hartog Roland den , Bambi Cosimo , Barret Didier , Bianchi Stefano , Bursa Michal , Cappi Massimo , Casella Piergiorgio , Cash Webster , Costantini Elisa , Dauser Thomas , Trigo Maria Diaz , Gendreau Keith , Grinberg Victoria , Herder Jan-Willem den , Ingram Adam , Kara Erin , Markoff Sera , Mingo Beatriz , Panessa Francesca , Poppenhäger Katja , Różańska Agata , Svoboda Jiri , Wijers Ralph , Willingale Richard , Wilms Jörn , Wise Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe propose the development of X-ray interferometry (XRI), to reveal the Universe at high energies with ultra-high spatial resolution. With baselines which can be accommodated on a single spacecraft, XRI can reach 100 μ as resolution at 10 Å (1.2 keV) and 20 μ as at 2 Å (6 keV), enabling imaging and imaging-spectroscopy of (for example) X-ray coronae of nearby accreting supermassive black holes (SMBH) and the SMBH ‘shadow’; SMBH accretion flows and outflows; X-ray binary winds and orbits; stellar coronae within $\sim $
∼
100 pc and many exoplanets which transit across them. For sufficiently luminous sources XRI will resolve sub-pc scales across the entire observable Universe, revealing accreting binary SMBHs and enabling trigonometric measurements of the Hubble constant with X-ray light echoes from quasars or explosive transients. A multi-spacecraft ‘constellation’ interferometer would resolve well below 1 μ as, enabling SMBH event horizons to be resolved in many active galaxies and the detailed study of the effects of strong field gravity on the dynamics and emission from accreting gas close to the black hole.
Genetic variation in a radish (Raphanus sativus L.) geodiversity collection
Authors: Arro J. , Labate J. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA radish panel of 152 accessions with diverse root shapes was assembled from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) collection based on weighted geographical sampling. Accessions represented 35 countries and were categorized into eight geographical regions—North America, Europe, Africa, West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Multiple plants per accession were assayed using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), and 8539 high-quality polymorphisms were discovered. Average observed heterozygosity (Ho) of the markers consistently ranged from 5 to 7% in all geographical regions. Central Asia was most diverse in terms of average expected heterozygosity (He = 0.107), while Southeast Asia was the least diverse (He = 0.050). Europe and Southeast Asia were the most divergent from each other (pairwise FST = 0.199), while Europe and North America were the least divergent (pairwise FST = 0.022). The clustering of genotypes based on principal components analysis (PCA) illustrated an east/west geographical pattern. Large numbers of private alleles and a substantial proportion (3%) of markers showing signals of selection based on allele frequency differences indicate that allelic variation is available for cultivar development. European and North American gene pools could be expanded by crossing with East Asian and Southeast Asian germplasm, and vice-versa. Both could potentially benefit from South Asian sources, while the addition of West Asian germplasm could increase East Asian and Southeast Asian diversity. This resource for molecular marker development combined with an understanding of global genetic relationships will inform the continued germplasm conservation and genetic improvement of radish.
Aerosol removal coefficients based on 7Be, 210Pb, and 210Po radionuclides in the urban atmosphere
Authors: Długosz-Lisiecka Magdalena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the aerosol removal coefficients based on7Be,210Pb and210Po radionuclides in the urban air, in Lodz, Poland, were investigated over 3 years, between May 2014 and December 2017. Results representing the summer/warm and winter/cold seasons were applied to quantity and quality estimates of aerosol removal processes. The values for the removal processes were closely dependent on the meteorological conditions; therefore, a set of nine meteorological parameters was employed in the analysis. The multiple regression method was applied to explain the relationship between the removal coefficients of aerosols and independent factors identified using Principal Component Analysis.
The influence of cybersickness and the media devices’ mobility on the persuasive effects of 360° commercials
Authors: Breves Priska , Dodel Nicola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the rise of immersive media, advertisers have started to use 360° commercials to engage and persuade consumers. Two experiments were conducted to address research gaps and to validate the positive impact of 360° commercials in realistic settings. The first study (N = 62) compared the effects of 360° commercials using either a mobile cardboard head-mounted display (HMD) or a laptop. This experiment was conducted in the participants’ living rooms and incorporated individual feelings of cybersickness as a moderator. The participants who experienced the 360° commercial with the HMD reported higher spatial presence and product evaluation, but their purchase intentions were only increased when their reported cybersickness was low. The second experiment (N = 197) was conducted online and analyzed the impact of 360° commercials that were experienced with mobile (smartphone/tablet) or static (laptop/desktop) devices instead of HMDs. The positive effects of omnidirectional videos were stronger when participants used mobile devices.