bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic immune response against the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Hallikainen Joona , Pyysalo Mikko , Keränen Sara , Kellokoski Jari , Koivisto Timo , Suominen Anna Liisa , Pussinen Pirkko , Pessi Tanja , Frösen Juhana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposePeriodontal infections are associated with the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). This study investigated the role of two key periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.MethodsImmunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were measured with enzyme immune assay from the serum of 227 IA patients, of whom 64 also underwent clinical oral examination. As a control group, 1096 participants in a cross‐sectional health survey, Health 2000, underwent serological studies and oral examination. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to demonstrate bacteria‐derived epitopes in the IA wall.ResultsWidespread gingivitis and severe periodontitis were more common in IA patients than in controls (2× and 1.5×, respectively). IgA antibodies against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were 1.5× and 3–3.4× higher, respectively, in both unruptured and ruptured IA patients compared to controls (p ≤ 0.003). IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis were 1.8× lower in unruptured IA patients (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, high IgA, but low IgG, antibody levels against P. gingivalis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.1–1.8 and OR = 1.5, 95% Cl = 1.1–1.9; OR = 0.6, 95% Cl = 0.4–0.7 and OR = 0.5, 95% Cl = 0.4–0.7) and against A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 2.3, 95% Cl = 1.7–3.1 and OR = 2.1, 95% Cl = 1.5–2.9; OR = 0.6, 95% Cl = 0.4–0.8 and OR = 0.6, 95% Cl = 0.5–0.9) were associated with the risk of IA formation and rupture. Immunohistochemistry showed P. gingivalis epitopes in the IA wall.ConclusionsExposure to the periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans and dysfunctional acquired immune response against them may increase the risk of IA formation and IA rupture.
Spike and wave discharges and fast ripples during posttraumatic epileptogenesis
Authors: Kumar Udaya , Li Lin , Bragin Anatol , Engel Jerome 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to determine whether spike and wave discharges (SWDs) and SWDs with superimposed fast ripples (SWDFRs) could be biomarkers of posttraumatic epileptogenesis.MethodsFluid percussion injury was conducted on 13–14‐week old male Sprague Dawley rats. Immediately after traumatic brain injury (TBI), they were implanted with microelectrodes in the neocortex, hippocampus, and striatum bilaterally. Age‐matched sham rats with the same electrode implantation montage acted as controls. Wideband brain electrical activity was recorded intermittently from Day 1 of TBI, and continued from 2 to 21 weeks after TBI. SWD and SWDFR analysis was performed during the first 2 weeks to investigate whether the occurrence of this pattern predicted development of epilepsy. The remaining 3–21 weeks were used for identifying which rats became epileptic (E+ group) and which did not (E‐ group).ResultsThe E+ group (n = 9) showed a significant increase in SWD rate in prefrontal cortex during Weeks 1 and 2 after TBI. The E‐ group showed a significant increase in SWD rate only in the second week. One hundred percent of rats in the E+ group displayed SWDFRs beginning from the first week after TBI. The SWDFR pattern was observed in all recorded brain areas: prefrontal and perilesional cortices, hippocampus, and striatum. None of rats in the E‐ group showed coexistence of fast ripples with SWDs.SignificanceOccurrence of SWDFRs after TBI, but not an increase in the rate of SWDs, could be a noninvasive electroencephalographic biomarker of posttraumatic epileptogenesis.
Smoothed peridynamics for the extremely large deformation and cracking problems: Unification of peridynamics and smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Yao Wu‐Wen , Berto Filippo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeridynamics (PD) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) are definitely attractive theories in amounts of numerical mechanical methods these years, and numerous researchers have studied the similarities of these two methods. In this paper, the smoothed peridynamics (SPD) is proposed to unify these two theories in the meshless view. The SPD employs an update‐Lagrangian (UL) method, which is useful for the extremely large deformation and cracking problem. The SPD governing equation, nonlocal interaction, micro‐bond modules for elastic material are derived. In addition, the choice of the nonlocal kernel and logarithmic stretch is investigated. Finally, numerical experiments are studied to confirm the ability of SPD. The numerical results show that SPD has an excellent performance and application prospect in computational solid mechanics. Since the SPD model formulations are derived for general 3D conditions, it can be straight forwardly extended for large‐scale practical applications across disciplines.
The value of introducing customer‐to‐manufacturer model by the online retailer
Authors: Fan Xiaojun , Wang Shanshan , Wang Junbin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of online retailers are introducing customer‐to‐manufacturer (C2M) models to offer consumers customized products in addition to standard products. Customized products can satisfy consumers’ aesthetic preferences that are unmet by current products. Thus, companies can minimize their misfit costs. Given the trend of this emerging online retail model, this study analytically explores whether and how the introduction of the C2M model affects firms’ profits, consumer surplus, and social welfare. Our analyses reveal that the introduction of the C2M model always benefits the retailer; moreover, under certain conditions, a win‐win situation occurs among the retailer, the incumbent manufacturer, and the new manufacturer. Further, the introduction of the C2M model can increase or decrease consumer surplus and foster or hinder social welfare growth, depending on the customization cost and consumers’ misfit costs.
Wound healing with “spray‐on” autologous skin grafting (ReCell) compared with standard care in patients with large diabetes‐related foot wounds: an open‐label randomised controlled trial
Authors: Manning Laurens , Ferreira Ivana Bastos , Gittings Paul , Hiew Jonathan , Ryan Erica , Baba Mendel , Raby Edward , Carville Keryln , Norman Paul E. , Davis Wendy Angela , Wood Fiona , Hamilton Emma Jane , Ritter Jens Carsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need for interventions that improve healing time, prevent amputations and recurrent ulceration in patients with diabetes‐related foot wounds. In this randomised, open‐label trial, participants were randomised to receive an application of non‐cultured autologous skin cells (“spray‐on” skin; ReCell) or standard care interventions for large (>6 cm2), adequately vascularised wounds. The primary outcome was complete healing at 6 months, determined by assessors blinded to the intervention. Forty‐nine eligible foot wounds in 45 participants were randomised. An evaluable primary outcome was available for all wounds. The median (interquartile range) wound area at baseline was 11.4 (8.8‐17.6) cm2. A total of 32 (65.3%) index wounds were completely healed at 6 months, including 16 of 24 (66.7%) in the spray‐on skin group and 16 of 25 (64.0%) in the standard care group (unadjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.13 (0.35‐3.65),P = .845). Lower body mass index (P = .002) and non‐plantar wounds (P = .009) were the only patient‐ or wound‐related factors associated with complete healing at 6 months. Spray‐on skin resulted in high rates of complete healing at 6 months in patients with large diabetes‐related foot wounds, but was not significantly better than standard care (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12618000511235).
Na2SO4 deposit‐induced hot corrosion of SiC fibers relevant for SiC CMCs
Authors: Herweyer Lucas A. , Opila Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHi Nicalon, Hi Nicalon S, Sylramic, and Sylramic iBN SiC fibers were exposed to ~60 μg/cm2 of Na2SO4 in a 0.1% SO2/O2 gaseous environment for times between 0.75 and 24 h at 1000°C. After exposure, the corrosion products were characterized using SEM, EDS, ICP‐OES, TEM, and EFTEM to determine their high‐temperature resistance to Na2SO4 and key reaction mechanisms. All SiC fiber types tested in this work exhibited little resistance to Na2SO4 deposit‐induced attack relative to their behavior in dry O2 environments. It was found that Hi‐Nicalon displayed the least resistance to Na2SO4 deposit‐induced attack due to excess carbon content resulting in the formation of a highly porous crystalline oxide and promotion of basic corrosion conditions. All fiber types formed a crystalline SiO2 reaction product, either cristobalite or tridymite. Sylramic and Sylramic iBN formed a crystalline SiO2 reaction layer containing TiO2 needles due oxidation of TiB2 particles. Additionally, Na2SO4 deposits resulted in pitting of all fiber surfaces.
Osmoregulation of the transcriptome of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus: A resource for the community
Authors: Pauža Audrys G. , Mecawi André Souza , Paterson Alex , Hindmarch Charles C. T. , Greenwood Mingkwan , Murphy David , Greenwood Michael P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a core osmoregulatory control centre that deciphers information about the metabolic state of the organism and orchestrates appropriate homeostatic (endocrine) and allostatic (behavioural) responses. We have used RNA sequencing to describe the polyadenylated transcriptome of the SON of the male Wistar Han rat. These data have been mined to generate comprehensive catalogues of functional classes of genes (enzymes, transcription factors, endogenous peptides, G protein coupled receptors, transporters, catalytic receptors, channels and other pharmacological targets) expressed in this nucleus in the euhydrated state, and that together form the basal substrate for its physiological interactions. We have gone on to show that fluid deprivation for 3 days (dehydration) results in changes in the expression levels of 2247 RNA transcripts, which have similarly been functionally catalogued, and further mined to describe enriched gene categories and putative regulatory networks (Regulons) that may have physiological importance in SON function related plasticity. We hope that the revelation of these genes, pathways and networks, most of which have no characterised roles in the SON, will encourage the neuroendocrine community to pursue new investigations into the new ‘known‐unknowns’ reported in the present study.
Prenatally diagnosed lower urinary tract obstruction: A 15‐year experience at two tertiary centers in Japan
Authors: Sugibayashi Rika , Wada Seiji , Ozawa Katsusuke , Muromoto Jin , Oi Rie , Yamamoto Ryo , Ishii Keisuke , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the outcomes of prenatally diagnosed lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) with current management using vesicoamniotic shunting (VAS).MethodsA retrospective study of prenatally diagnosed LUTO before 26 weeks of gestation at two tertiary centers in Japan between March 2002 and September 2017. LUTO was diagnosed by ultrasound demonstration of an enlarged fetal bladder associated with hydronephrosis and/or hydroureters. VAS was offered for fetuses with LUTO at ≤26 weeks of gestational age, in the presence of oligohydramnios or decreasing amniotic fluid and a favorable fetal urinary analysis.ResultsAmong 87 fetuses with LUTO, 46 (53%) were terminated before 22 weeks of gestation. Eight cases (9%) underwent VAS and one underwent fetoscopic urethrotomy. The live birth rates in the VAS and expectant groups were 100% (8/8) and 56% (18/32), respectively (p = 0.034), and the survival rates at 6 months old with a normal renal function were 38% (3/8) and 16% (5/32), respectively (p = 0.608). The etiology varied with six cases of associated anomalies among 23 diagnosed cases. Among the nine cases of posterior urethral valve (PUV), only one fetus underwent VAS at 25 weeks of gestation, ultimately surviving with mild renal dysfunction. Among the other eight cases of PUV that were managed expectantly, two died, and only one of the six survivors showed a normal renal function.ConclusionsMore than half of the prenatally diagnosed LUTO cases were terminated. VAS seemed effective for achieving a perinatal survival, regardless of etiology. The outcomes were poor in cases of expectantly managed PUV.
Association of a unicornuate uterus with adverse obstetric outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lü Yan , Ji Mingliang , Deng Shan , Gao Jinsong , Zhou Xiya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the association of unicornuate uterus (UU) with adverse obstetric outcomes.MethodsUsing data from 26 737 singleton childbirths from a tertiary hospital from 1999 to 2019, we identified 44 births from women with a UU. A total of 367 births from women with a normal uterus were randomly selected as controls. The outcome measures were preterm birth (PTB), breech presentation, and cesarean delivery. The subdivisions of PTB and indications for cesarean delivery were described.ResultsThe presence of UU was associated with an increased risk of PTB (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–4.9), breech presentation (aRR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.9–13.2), and cesarean delivery (aRR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8–2.7). For women with a UU, most PTBs (7/9) were moderate to late PTBs, and approximately half of the PTBs (4/9) were iatrogenic due to preeclampsia (PE). Breech presentation, PE, and prior surgery for rudimentary horn resection were UU‐related indications for cesarean delivery.ConclusionsWomen with a UU have a higher risk of PTB, breech presentation, and cesarean delivery. Understanding of the subdivisions of PTBs and indications for cesarean delivery might help clinicians when counseling women with pregnancy complicated by a UU.
Review of cadmium exposure and smoking‐independent effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general population
Authors: Fagerberg Björn , Barregard Lars 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundExposure to cadmium (Cd) via food and smoking is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Blood and urine levels of Cd are established biomarkers of exposure.ObjectivesTo review (1) the smoking‐independent associations between Cd exposure and ASCVD, including the possible presence of a nonlinear dose–response relationship with Cd exposure and (2) the causal effects of Cd exposure on different stages of atherosclerosis.MethodsNarrative review.ResultsCd confers increased risk of ASCVD and asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the carotid and coronary arteries above B‐Cd >0.5 μg/L or U‐Cd >0.5 μg/g creatinine, but it has not been shown below a threshold of these exposure levels. Adjustment for smoking does not exclude the possibility of residual confounding, but several studies in never‐smoking cohorts have shown associations between Cd and ASCVD, and experimental studies have demonstrated pro‐atherosclerotic effects of Cd.Cd accumulates in arterial walls and atherosclerotic plaques, reaching levels shown to have proatherosclerotic effects. Suggested early effects are increased subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins, which become oxidized, and endothelial dysfunction and damage with increased permeability for monocytes, which in the intima turn to macrophages and then to foam cells. Later, Cd may contribute to plaque rupture and erosion by endothelial apoptosis and degradation of the fibrous cap. Finally, by having prothrombotic and antifibrinolytic effects, the CVD risk may be further increased.ConclusionsThere is strong evidence that Cd causes ASCVD above a suggested exposure level via mechanisms in early as well as the late stages of atherosclerotic disease.
New drugs for NASH
Authors: Albhaisi Somaya A. M. , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a result of inflammation and hepatocyte injury in the presence of hepatic steatosis which can progress to cirrhosis. NASH is the most rapidly growing aetiology for liver failure and indication for liver transplantation in the United States. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome. Because of the absence of approved pharmacotherapy, weight loss and lifestyle modifications remain the safest and most effective first‐line treatment. However, this may not be effective in patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis and long‐term adherence is difficult to achieve. Therefore, effective drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of NASH. Drug development targeting pathological pathways in NASH have exploded in the past decade, with numerous new drugs under investigation. This review summarizes the results of pivotal finalized phase 2 studies and provides an outline of key active studies with trial data of drugs under development.
HCC advances in diagnosis and prognosis: Digital and Imaging
Authors: Sartoris Riccardo , Gregory Jules , Dioguardi Burgio Marco , Ronot Maxime , Vilgrain Valérie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC has significantly improved in the past few years due to advances in genetics, molecular biology and pathology. Several subtypes have been identified with different backgrounds and outcomes, leading to possible changes in disease management and challenging the role of imaging. Indeed, despite its pivotal role in the diagnostic workup, prognosis, and the decision‐making process in patients with HCC, these recent developments are progressively redefining the role of imaging. First and most important, liver imaging is shifting from a purely qualitative to a quantitative paradigm, integrating quantitative imaging and radiomics in a digital era. Second, to improve patient management, imaging has gradually moved beyond tumor‐centered assessment to include a broader evaluation of the liver and its function. This review describes and discusses these advances in the imaging for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
Trajectory control in roundabouts with a mixed fleet of automated and human‐driven vehicles
Authors: Mohebifard Rasool , Hajbabaie Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology to control the trajectory of cooperative connected automated vehicles (CAVs) at roundabouts with a mixed fleet of CAVs and human‐driven vehicles (HVs). We formulate an optimization program in a two‐dimensional space for this purpose. A model predictive control‐based solution technique is developed to optimize the trajectories of CAVs at discretized time steps based on the estimated driving behavior of HVs, while the actual behavior of HVs is controlled by a microscopic traffic simulator. At each time step, the location and speed of vehicles are collected, and a decomposition‐based methodology optimizes CAV trajectories for a few time steps ahead of the system time. The optimization methodology has convexification, alternating direction method of multipliers, and cutting plane decomposition components to tackle the complexities of the problem. We tested the solution technique in a case study roundabout with different traffic demand flow rates and CAV market penetration rates. The results showed that increasing the CAV market penetration rate from 20% to 100% reduced total travel times by 2.8% to 35.8%. The analyses indicate that the presence of cooperative CAVs in roundabouts can lead to considerable improvements.
An integrative literature review and critical reflection of intersectionality theory
Authors: Ruiz Ashley M. , Luebke Jeneile , Klein Katie , Moore Kaylen , Gonzalez Michael , Dressel Anne , Mkandawire‐Valhmu Lucy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntersectionality theory has been used by nursing scholars to offer insight into how multiple systems of oppression mutually interact to impact health and to examine how multiple social modes of existence shape individual and group experiences of health inequality. The application of intersectionality theory, however, requires a reflexive critical lens to more effectively inform nursing science and practice. We draw on a comprehensive integrative literature review to offer a critical reflection by considering the semantic and structural consistency, generalizability, simplicity and complexity, and the utility and value of intersectionality theory to nursing science and practice. If nurses are to effectively utilize intersectionality theory, it is essential that we are able to analyze and speak to the multiple modes of existence based on historical, social, economic, and political processes that impact the health of those we serve. Critical examination of intersectionality enables nurses to further consider its value and usefulness when applied to nursing science and practice, particularly when addressing health and social inequalities.
The effects of allelochemical transfer on the dynamics of hosts, parasitoids, and competing hyperparasitoids
Authors: Zimmerman Mark P. , Chan David M. , Kester Karen M. , Rael Rosalyn C. , Robertson Suzanne L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAllelochemicals produced by plants may be ingested by herbivorous insects and transferred to higher trophic levels with potentially deleterious effects. We develop a system of differential equations to investigate the effect of the transfer of allelochemicals, such as nicotine, on the population dynamics of a system of hosts, parasitoids, and two competing hyperparasitoids that attack different life stages of the parasitoids. We find both somewhat deleterious effects of nicotine on the larvae‐attacking hyperparasitoids and increased attack rates for the pupae‐attacking hyperparasitoids can promote coexistence. We also use an evolutionary game‐theoretic approach to determine the optimal distribution of hyperparasitoid attacks among nicotine‐producing and nicotine‐free plants. With strong deleterious effects of nicotine and increased attack rates for the pupae‐attacking hyperparasitoid, we find both species attack parasitoids on the nicotine‐free plant but only pupae‐attacking hyperparasitoids attack parasitoids on the nicotine‐producing plant.Recommendations for Resource Managers:

In the absence of nicotine and with equal attack rates, the larvae‐attacking hyperparasitoids will exclude pupae‐attacking hyperparasitoids due to the advantage of attacking an earlier life‐stage of the parasitoid.
Coexistence of larvae‐ and pupae‐attacking hyperparasitoid species can occur when the pupae‐attacking species has the advantage of a higher oviposition rate and/or when the larvae‐attacking species suffers increased mortality due to nicotine.
If mortality rates of larvae‐attacking hyperparasitoids due to nicotine become too large, they are unable to persist.
The population dynamics of systems incorporating multiple trophic levels are complex and intertwined. The presence of allelochemicals such as nicotine in the first trophic level may impact the observed diversity of hyperparasitoid species in the fourth trophic level.