bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of viral encephalitis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wagner Judith N. , Leibetseder Annette , Troescher Anna , Panholzer Juergen , von Oertzen Tim J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
For most viral encephalitides, therapy is merely supportive. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have been used as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach. We conduct a systematic review on the safety and efficacy of IVIG in viral encephalitis.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review assessing PubMed, Cochrane Database, Biosis Previews and the ClinicalTrials.gov website to identify all reports on patients with viral encephalitis treated with IVIG as of May 31, 2019. The main outcomes assessed were therapeutic efficacy and safety. For an increased homogeneity of the population, atypical viral infections were excluded, as were reports on prophylactic IVIG use, intrathecal application of immunoglobulins, or use of antibody-enriched IVIG-preparations. Data were extracted from published studies. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results
We included a total of 44 studies (39 case reports). The case reports cover a total of 53 patients. Our search retrieved two prospective and three retrospective studies. These show heterogeneous results as to the efficacy of IVIG therapy. Only one study reports a significant association between IVIG-use and death (odds ratio 0.032; 95% confidence interval 0.0033–0.3024; p = 0.0027). None of the studies report significant differences in the number of serious adverse events.

Conclusion
Data on the efficacy of IVIG-therapy is heterogeneous. While it seems generally safe, evident superiority compared to supportive treatment has not been demonstrated so far. Future trials should also investigate the optimal dosing and timing of IVIG and their benefit in the immunosuppressed.
Methodology for the systematic design of conical plain bearings for use as main bearings in wind turbines
Authors: Rolink Amadeus , Jacobs Georg , Schröder Tim , Keller Dennis , Jakobs Timm , Bosse Dennis , Lang Jochen , Knoll Gunter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the possibility to replace sliding segments on the tower without disassembling the drivetrain, the use of segmented plain bearings with conical sliding surfaces as main bearing in wind turbines has a great potential to reduce the maintenance costs and thus the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Furthermore, the short axial design leads to lower investment costs. Since this design is totally new and no design guidelines are available so far, the objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of the geometric parameters on the hydrodynamic pressure distribution of the bearing. In this context a parameter screening is performed using a suitable test field according to Plackett and Burman in order to determine the most relevant parameters. With the help of the simulations carried out after this test field, correlations between the geometric parameters and the hydrodynamic pressure distribution are evaluated. To be able to quantitatively analyze the three-dimensional pressure distribution, several key values are defined in this paper that describe the pressure distribution. The content of this paper is part of a methodology with the goal of developing a design guideline for conical plain bearings.
On monotonicity and search strategies in face-based copositivity detection algorithms
Authors: G.-Tóth B. , Hendrix E. M. T. , Casado L. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the last decades, algorithms have been developed for checking copositivity of a matrix. Methods are based on several principles, such as spatial branch and bound, transformation to Mixed Integer Programming, implicit enumeration of KKT points or face-based search. Our research question focuses on exploiting the mathematical properties of the relative interior minima of the standard quadratic program (StQP) and monotonicity. We derive several theoretical properties related to convexity and monotonicity of the standard quadratic function over faces of the standard simplex. We illustrate with numerical instances up to 28 dimensions the use of monotonicity in face-based algorithms. The question is what traversal through the face graph of the standard simplex is more appropriate for which matrix instance; top down or bottom up approaches. This depends on the level of the face graph where the minimum of StQP can be found, which is related to the density of the so-called convexity graph.
A robust-heuristic optimization approach to a green supply chain design with consideration of assorted vehicle types and carbon policies under uncertainty
Authors: Homayouni Zahra , Pishvaee Mir Saman , Jahani Hamed , Ivanov Dmitry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdoption of carbon regulation mechanisms facilitates an evolution toward green and sustainable supply chains followed by an increased complexity. Through the development and usage of a multi-choice goal programming model solved by an improved algorithm, this article investigates sustainability strategies for carbon regulations mechanisms. We first propose a sustainable logistics model that considers assorted vehicle types and gas emissions involved with product transportation. We then construct a bi-objective model that minimizes total cost as the first objective function and follows environmental considerations in the second one. With our novel robust-heuristic optimization approach, we seek to support the decision-makers in comparison and selection of carbon emission policies in supply chains in complex settings with assorted vehicle types, demand and economic uncertainty. We deploy our model in a case-study to evaluate and analyse two carbon reduction policies, i.e., carbon-tax and cap-and-trade policies. The results demonstrate that our robust-heuristic methodology can efficiently deal with demand and economic uncertainty, especially in large-scale problems. Our findings suggest that governmental incentives for a cap-and-trade policy would be more effective for supply chains in lowering pollution by investing in cleaner technologies and adopting greener practices.
Sensorless environment stiffness and interaction force estimation for impedance control tuning in robotized interaction tasks
Authors: Roveda Loris , Piga Dario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndustrial robots are increasingly used to perform tasks requiring an interaction with the surrounding environment (e.g., assembly tasks). Such environments are usually (partially) unknown to the robot, requiring the implemented controllers to suitably react to the established interaction. Standard controllers require force/torque measurements to close the loop. However, most of the industrial manipulators do not have embedded force/torque sensor(s) and such integration results in additional costs and implementation effort. To extend the use of compliant controllers to sensorless interaction control, a model-based methodology is presented in this paper. Relying on sensorless Cartesian impedance control, two Extended Kalman Filters (EKF) are proposed: an EKF for interaction force estimation and an EKF for environment stiffness estimation. Exploiting such estimations, a control architecture is proposed to implement a sensorless force loop (exploiting the provided estimated force) with adaptive Cartesian impedance control and coupling dynamics compensation (exploiting the provided estimated environment stiffness). The described approach has been validated in both simulations and experiments. A Franka EMIKA panda robot has been used. A probing task involving different materials (i.e., with different - unknown - stiffness properties) has been considered to show the capabilities of the developed EKFs (able to converge with limited errors) and control tuning (preserving stability). Additionally, a polishing-like task and an assembly task have been implemented to show the achieved performance of the proposed methodology.
Speeds of Sound in Methanol at Temperatures from 233.33 to 353.21 K at Pressures up to 20 MPa
Authors: Scholz Christian W. , Span Roland 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report experimental speeds of sound in methanol. Measurements were conducted at temperatures from 233 to 353 K with pressures up to 20 MPa using the double-path length pulse-echo technique. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) in measurement was estimated to vary from 0.012 to 0.014%, considering contributions from temperature, pressure, path length calibration, pulse timing, and purity of the sample. Experimental speeds of sound gained in the scope of this work were compared with the equation of state by de Reuck and Craven, as well as with further data from literature.
The syntax and semantics of Swedish copular sentences: a comparative perspective
Authors: Djärv Kajsa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the (recent) case alternation in Swedish equative and predicational copular sentences (‘Cicero is Tully’, ‘Cicero is a nice guy’). A central contribution of the paper is showing that this alternation is an LF-phenomenon, contra Sigurðsson (in: Hartmann, Molnárfi (eds) Comparative studies in Germanic syntax: from Afrikaans to Zurich German. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2006) who conjectures that Swedish is changing in the direction of English and Danish, where all postcopular DPs receive Accusative case, regardless of interpretation. The Swedish alternation is shown to track the same semantic dimension that conditions the choice of predicate case in languages like Polish, Russian and Dutch, namely the distinction between stage and individual level predication. Interestingly, the Swedish alternation is also shown to share distributional properties with the predicate case alternations in these languages. To account for these observations, I propose that the morphological and semantic contrasts between the two alternants are mediated by a structural difference, such that Nominative case involves a biclausal structure, and Accusative a monoclausal structure. This paper further adds to the typological picture, showing that Swedish patterns like Polish, Russian and Dutch, but unlike English and Danish, not just in terms of equative and predicational sentences, but also in specificational copular sentences (‘The fastest runner here is Lisa’). I argue that a particular kind of predicate inversion analysis is required to account for the Swedish type of specification.
Effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation of different titanium surfaces on osteoblast response
Authors: Wehner Christian , Laky Markus , Shokoohi-Tabrizi Hassan Ali , Behm Christian , Moritz Andreas , Rausch-Fan Xiaohui , Andrukhov Oleh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on titanium surface topography and the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts using standard clinical treatment settings. Er:YAG laser irradiation at two levels ((1): 160 mJ, pulse at 20 Hz; (2): 80 mJ, pulse at 20 Hz) was applied to moderately rough and smooth titanium disks before MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were cultured on these surfaces. Titanium surface and cell morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation/viability was measured by CCK-8 test. Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and collagen type 1 was measured by qPCR, and OPG and OC protein production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with Er:YAG laser at 160 mJ/20 Hz markedly caused heat-induced fusion of titanium and cell condensation on moderately rough surfaces, but not in smooth surfaces. MG-63 proliferation/viability decreased after 5 days in moderately rough surfaces. The expression of ALP, OC, OPG, and collagen type 1 was unaffected by laser treatment at 160 mJ/20. Laser irradiation at 80 mJ/20 Hz enhanced RANKL gene expression after 5 days in moderately rough surfaces. Study results suggest that Er:YAG laser irradiation at clinically relevant setting has no essential effect on osteogenic gene and protein expression of osteoblasts. However, surface structure, cell attachment, and proliferation are influenced by both treatment protocols, which implies that caution should be taken in the clinical treatment of peri-implant diseases when Er:YAG laser is used.
Improved healing of critical-size femoral defect in osteoporosis rat models using 3D elastin/polycaprolactone/nHA scaffold in combination with mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hejazi Fatemeh , Ebrahimi Vahid , Asgary Mehrdad , Piryaei Abbas , Fridoni Mohammad Javad , Kermani Ali Asghar , Zare Fatemeh , Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is a common bone disease that results in elevated risk of fracture, and delayed bone healing and impaired bone regeneration are implicated by this disease. In this study, Elastin/Polycaprolactone/nHA nanofibrous scaffold in combination with mesenchymal stem cells were used to regenerate bone defects. Cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility and cellular morphology were evaluated in vitro and observations revealed that an appropriate environment for cellular attachment, growth, migration, and proliferation is provided by this scaffold. At 3 months following ovariectomy (OVX), the rats were used as animal models with an induced critical size defect in the femur to evaluate the therapeutic potential of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) seeded on 3 dimension (3D) scaffolds. In this experimental study, 24 female Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups: Control, scaffold (non-seeded BM-MSC), and scaffold + cell (seeded BM-MSC) groups. 30 days after surgery, the right femur was removed, and underwent a stereological analysis and RNA extraction in order to examine the expression of Bmp-2 and Vegf genes. The results showed a significant increase in stereological parameters and expression of Bmp-2 and Vegf in scaffold and scaffold + cell groups compared to the control rats. The present study suggests that the use of the 3D Elastin/Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffold in combination with MSCs may improve the fracture regeneration and accelerates bone healing at the osteotomy site in rats.
SDF-1α gene-activated collagen scaffold enhances provasculogenic response in a coculture of human endothelial cells with human adipose-derived stromal cells
Authors: Laiva Ashang L. , O’Brien Fergal J. , Keogh Michael B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNovel biomaterials can be used to provide a better environment for cross talk between vessel forming endothelial cells and wound healing instructor stem cells for tissue regeneration. This study seeks to investigate if a collagen scaffold containing a proangiogenic gene encoding for the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α GAS) could be used to enhance functional responses in a coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs). Functional responses were determined by (1) monitoring the amount of junctional adhesion molecule VE-cadherin released during 14 days culture, (2) expression of provasculogenic genes on the 14th day, and (3) the bioactivity of secreted factors on neurogenic human Schwann cells. When we compared our SDF-1α GAS with a gene-free scaffold, the results showed positive proangiogenic determination characterized by a transient yet controlled release of the VE-cadherin. On the 14th day, the coculture on the SDF-1α GAS showed enhanced maturation than its gene-free equivalent through the elevation of provasculogenic genes (SDF-1α—7.4-fold, CXCR4—1.5-fold, eNOS—1.5-fold). Furthermore, we also found that the coculture on SDF-1α GAS secretes bioactive factors that significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced human Schwann cells’ clustering to develop toward Bünger band-like structures. Conclusively, this study reports that SDF-1α GAS could be used to produce a bioactive vascularized construct through the enhancement of the cooperative effects between endothelial cells and ADSCs.
Coping Strategies and Subjective Well-being: Context Matters
Authors: Fischer Rabea , Scheunemann Jakob , Moritz Steffen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA growing body of research suggests that the functionality of coping strategies may in part depend on the context in which they are executed. Thus far, functionality has mostly been defined through the associations of coping strategies with psychopathology, particularly depression. Whether associations of coping strategies with proxies for happiness such as subjective well-being (SWB) are simply inverse remains to be shown. A total of n = 836 individuals from the U. S. general population participated in an online survey that included a revised version of the Maladaptive and Adaptive Coping Styles Questionnaire (MAX-R) that incorporates context-specific items, the Scale of Positive and Negative Affect (SPANE), the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Web Screening Questionnaire (WSQ). The MAX-R was submitted to an exploratory factor analysis. The factor analysis of the MAX-R yielded four subscales: adaptive, maladaptive, avoidance, and expressive suppression coping. Similar strategies in different contexts at times loaded on the same (e.g., maladaptive) or different (e.g., adaptive and avoidance) dimensions. Hierarchical multiple linear regression revealed significant associations of adaptive coping with SPANE (ß = 0.21), TSWLS (ß = 0.03), and PHQ-9 (ß = 0.07), all ps < .001, of maladaptive coping with SPANE (ß =  − 0.19), TSWLS (ß =  − 0.10), and PHQ-9 (ß = 0.02), all ps < .01, of avoidance with PHQ-9 (ß =  0.01, p < .001), and of expressive suppression with SPANE (ß =  − 0.06) and TSWLS (ß =  − 0.16), ps < .005. Final models explained 64.6% of variance in SPANE, 41.8% of variance in TSWLS, and 55% of variance in PHQ-9 score. In some instances, the functionality of coping strategies appears to be impacted by contextual factors. When investigating the overall benefit of use versus nonuse of coping strategies, their association with psychopathology measures and with subjective well-being should both be considered.
Twelve years of circulatory extracorporeal life support at the University Medical Centre Utrecht
Authors: Meuwese C. L. , Hermens J. A. , de Haan M. , Braithwaite S. A. , Ramjankhan F. , Buijsrogge M. P. , de Jonge N. , Kirkels J. H. , de Jong M. , Pasma W. , Vromen-Wijsman J. L. P. , Kraaijeveld A. O. , de Waal E. E. , Torn E. , Platenkamp M. , van der Heijden J. J. , Cremer O. L. , van Dijk D. , Donker D. W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Circulatory extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has been performed at the University Medical Centre Utrecht for 12 years. During this time, case mix, indications, ECLS set-ups and outcomes seem to have substantially changed. We set out to describe these characteristics and their evolution over time.

Methods
All patients receiving circulatory ECLS between 2007 and 2018 were retrospectively identified and divided into six groups according to a 2-year period of time corresponding to the date of ECLS initiation. General characteristics plus data pertaining to comorbidities, indications and technical details of ECLS commencement as well as in-hospital, 30-day, 1‑year and overall mortality were collected. Temporal trends in these characteristics were examined.

Results
A total of 347 circulatory ECLS runs were performed in 289 patients. The number of patients and ECLS runs increased from 8 till a maximum of 40 runs a year. The distribution of circulatory ECLS indications shifted from predominantly postcardiotomy to a wider set of indications. The proportion of peripheral insertions with or without application of left ventricular unloading techniques substantially increased, while in-hospital, 30-day, 1‑year and overall mortality decreased over time.

Conclusion
Circulatory ECLS was increasingly applied at the University Medical Centre Utrecht. Over time, indications as well as treatment goals broadened, and cannulation techniques shifted from central to mainly peripheral approaches. Meanwhile, weaning success increased and mortality rates diminished.
Accessing Mental Health Services: a Systematic Review and Meta-ethnography of the Experiences of South Asian Service Users in the UK
Authors: Prajapati Riddhi , Liebling Helen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite calls to address ethnic inequalities to accessing mental health services in the UK, governmental initiatives have had limited impact. Studies indicate that South Asian communities underutilise mental health services. Previous reviews have identified cultural and institutional factors that may influence service use, but these are mostly narrative and limited in their scope.MethodA systematic literature search resulted in fifteen studies exploring the experiences of seeking help and barriers to accessing and using services from the perspective of British South Asian service users.FindingsQualitative data was synthesised through meta-ethnography, and three themes emerged:Distanced from Services,Dilemma of TrustandThreat to Cultural Identity. South Asian service users were positioned at a distance from being able to access services and stuck in a dilemma of mistrusting White and Asian professionals. They constructed their cultural identity through a set of important values which were neglected by mental health services. Service users, therefore, appeared to engage in an ongoing evaluation of the potential benefits of accessing services against the risks of threat to their personal and cultural identities. The findings are discussed in relation to Eurocentric models of care and community engagement approaches.ConclusionThe review argues that institutional racism and cultural dissonance marginalise South Asian service users from access to quality and effective mental healthcare. It is recommended that services acknowledge the impact of alienation and powerlessness and advance their practices to establish trust and cultural safety for South Asian service users in the UK.
Numerical Analysis WSGD Scheme for One- and Two-Dimensional Distributed Order Fractional Reaction–Diffusion Equation with Collocation Method via Fractional B-Spline
Authors: Ramezani Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main propose of this paper is presenting an efficient numerical scheme to solve WSGD scheme for one- and two-dimensional distributed order fractional reaction–diffusion equation. The proposed method is based on fractional B-spline basics in collocation method which involve Caputo-type fractional derivatives for$$0 < \alpha < 1$$0<α<1. The most significant privilege of proposed method is efficient and quite accurate and it requires relatively less computational work. The solution of consideration problem is transmute to the solution of the linear system of algebraic equations which can be solved by a suitable numerical method. The finally, several numerical WSGD Scheme for one- and two-dimensional distributed order fractional reaction–diffusion equation.