bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic digestion of dried/shredded food waste in a periodic anaerobic baffled reactor
Authors: Mathioudakis D. , Michalopoulos I. , Kalogeropoulos K. , Papadopoulou K. , Lyberatos G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of the current work is to study the impact of the operational parameters' variation (HRT, OLR and T) on biomethane productivity in a periodic anaerobic baffled reactor (PABR). The feedstock used was a biomass product named food residue biomass (FORBI), which is dried and shredded source-separated household food waste. The PABR is an innovative, high-rate bioreactor. Apart from the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the organic loading rate (OLR), an important operational parameter is the switching period (T) of the feeding compartment: when T is high, the bioreactor operation is similar to an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), while when it is low, the operation approaches that of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR). Nine distinct experimental phases were conducted, during which the operational parameters of the PABR were consecutively modified: the HRT varied from 9 to 2.5 days, T between 2 days and 1 and finally the OLR from 1.24 gCOD/Lbioreactor*d to 8.08 gCOD/Lbioreactor*d. The maximum biomethane yield was 384 LCH4/kgFORBI corresponding to the operation at HRT = 5 d, OLR = 2.14 gCOD/Lbioreactor*d and T = 2 days. Similar efficiency (333 LCH4/kg­FORBI) was achieved at higher OLR (4.53 gCOD/Lbioreactor*d).
Production of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Mosquitocidal Protein Mtx2 from Bacillus subtilis as a Secretory Protein
Authors: Trakulnaleamsai Chutchanun , Promdonkoy Boonhiang , Soonsanga Sumarin 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Mtx2 is a mosquitocidal toxin produced during the vegetative growth of
Lysinibacillus sphaericus. The protein shows synergism with other toxins against mosquito larvae;
hence it could be used in mosquito control formulations. The protein expression system is needed
for Mtx2 development as a biocontrol agent.

Objective:
This study aimed to set up a Bacillus subtilis system to produce Mtx2 as a secreted protein
since the protein contains a putative signal peptide.

Methods:
Initially, four different promoters (P43, Pspac, PxylA, and PyxiE) were compared for
their strength using GFP as a reporter in B. subtilis. Subsequently, six different signal peptides
(SacB, Epr, AmyE, AprE, LipA, and Vip3A) were tested in conjunction with the selected promoter
and mtx2 to evaluate levels of Mtx2 secreted by B. subtilis WB800, an extracellular protease-deficient
strain.

Results:
The promoter PyxiE showed the highest GFP intensity and was selected for further study.
Mtx2 was successfully produced as a secreted protein from signal peptides LipA and AmyE, and it
exhibited larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti.

Conclusion:
B. subtilis was successfully developed as a host for the production of secreted Mtx2,
and the protein retained its larvicidal activity. Although the Mtx2 production level still needs improvement,
the constructed plasmids could be used to produce other soluble proteins.
Early Prediction of Malignant Mesothelioma: An Approach Towards Non-invasive Method
Authors: Shabbir Shakir , Asif Muhammad Shahzad , Alam Talha Mahboob , Ramzan Zeeshan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a rare but aggressive tumor that arises in the
lungs. Commonly, costly imaging and laboratory resources, i.e. (X-rays imaging, Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans, biopsies, and blood tests) have already
been utilized for the diagnosis of MM. Even though these diagnostic measures are expensive and unavailable
in distant areas, some of these diagnosis methods are also very painful for the patient, i.e., biopsy
and cytology of pleural fluid.

Objective:
In this study, we proposed a diagnosis model for early identification of MM via machine
learning techniques. We explored the health records of 324 Turkish patients, which show the symptoms
related to MM. The data of patients include socio-economic, geographical, and clinical features.

Methods:
Different feature selection methods have been employed for the selection of significant features.
To overcome the data imbalance problem, various data-level resampling techniques have been
utilized to obtain efficient results. The Gradient Boosted Decision Tree (GBDT) method has been used
to develop the diagnostic model. The performance of the GBDT model is also compared with traditional
machine learning algorithms.

Results :
Our model's results outperformed other models, both on balance and imbalance data. The results
clearly show that undersampling techniques outperformed by imbalanced data even without
resampling based on accuracy and Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) value. Conversely, it has
also been observed that oversampling techniques outperformed undersampling and imbalanced data
based on accuracy and ROC. All classifiers employed in this study achieved efficient results utilizing
feature selection-based methods (OneR, information gain, and Relief-F), but the results of the other two
methods (gain ratio and Correlation) were not entirely promising. Finally, when the combination of
Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and OneR was applied with GBDT, it gave the
most favorable results based on accuracy, F-measure, and ROC.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis model has also been deployed to assist doctors, patients, medical practitioners,
and other healthcare professionals for early diagnosis and better treatment of MM.
Novel G6PC3 Mutations in Patients with Congenital Neutropenia: Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Maroufi Seyed F. , Shaka Zoha , Mojtabavi Helia , Sadeghalvad Mona , Rayzan Elham , Sedighi Iraj , Shahkarami Sepideh , Najafi Mehri , Rohlfs Meino , Klein Christoph , Rezaei Nima 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN4) caused by mutations in glucose-6-
phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3) is characterized by recurrent infections due to severe neutropenia,
may be accompanied by other extra-hematopoietic manifestations; including structural heart
defects, urogenital abnormalities, prominent superficial venous markings, growth retention, and inflammatory
bowel diseases with rare incidence. The homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations
of G6PC3 are responsible for most cases of autosomal recessive SCN4. Herein, we present two
cases of SCN4 affected by novel mutations in the G6PC3, in addition to a summarized list of variants
in G6PC3 gene that are reported as pathogenic and related to the SCN4 phenotype.

Case presentation:
Herein, we present two cases of SCN4; the first case was a three-months old boy
with severe neutropenia and prior history of hospitalization due to umbilical separation, umbilical herniation,
omphalitis, and pyelonephritis; and the second case was an eight-year-old with a history of
neutropenia, recurrent and severe episodes of intractable diarrhea, refractory rectovaginal and rectoperineal
fistula, congenital inguinal hernia, and ASD type 2. Whole exome sequencing was performed for
both cases, which revealed two novel homozygous missense mutations in G6PC3 that were predicted
to be deleterious; c.337G>A, p. Gly113Arg in the first case and c.479C>T; P. Ser160Leu in the second
case. To our knowledge, both of these two mutations have not been reported in the G6PDC3 gene.

Conclusions:
In patients with severe neutropenia with varying extra hematopoietic syndrome, mutation
of G6PC3 should be suspected after ruling out other mutations related to neutropenia. This study
pointed toward novel G6PC3 mutations that should be considered in order to diagnose patients with
severe congenital neutropenia.
Internet-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Common Mental Health Difficulties in Parents of Children Treated for Cancer: Intervention Development and Description Study
Authors: Woodford Joanne , Farrand Paul , Hagström Josefin , Hedenmalm Li , von Essen Louise 
Published: June 2021

Background
Following the end of a child’s treatment for cancer, parents may report psychological distress. However, there is a lack of evidence-based interventions that are tailored to the population, and psychological support needs are commonly unmet. An internet-administered low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy (LICBT)–based intervention (EJDeR [internetbaserad självhjälp för föräldrar till barn som avslutat en behandling mot cancer]) may provide a solution.

Objective
The first objective is to provide an overview of a multimethod approach that was used to inform the development of the EJDeR intervention. The second objective is to provide a detailed description of the EJDeR intervention in accordance with the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.

Methods
EJDeR was developed through a multimethod approach, which included the use of existing evidence, the conceptualization of distress, participatory action research, a cross-sectional survey, and professional and public involvement. Depending on the main presenting difficulty identified during assessment, LICBT behavioral activation or worry management treatment protocols are adopted for the treatment of depression or generalized anxiety disorder when experienced individually or when comorbid. EJDeR is delivered via the Uppsala University Psychosocial Care Programme (U-CARE) portal, a web-based platform that is designed to deliver internet-administered LICBT interventions and includes secure videoconferencing. To guide parents in the use of EJDeR, weekly written messages via the portal are provided by e-therapists comprising final year psychology program students with training in cognitive behavioral therapy.

Results
An overview of the development process and a description of EJDeR, which was informed by the TIDieR checklist, are presented. Adaptations that were made in response to public involvement are highlighted.

Conclusions
EJDeR represents a novel, guided, internet-administered LICBT intervention for supporting parents of children treated for cancer. Adopting the TIDieR checklist offers the potential to enhance fidelity to the intervention protocol and facilitate later implementation. The intervention is currently being tested in a feasibility study (the ENGAGE study).

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023708
Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in South Africa: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Kimmie-Dhansay Faheema , Barrie Robert , Naidoo Sudeshni , Roberts Tina Sharon 
Published: June 2021

Background
Young children are at the highest risk of developing dental caries as they have a lack of autonomy over their diet and oral hygiene practices. Dental caries develops over time due to demineralization of tooth substance (enamel), which results from acid production during sugar metabolism by bacteria. Early onset of dental caries often results in asymptomatic presentation, but if left untreated, it can result in severe pain, infection, and dentoalveolar abscesses. Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as dental caries in children aged 6 years and younger and is a significant public health problem in South Africa. According to the Global Burden of Disease study, untreated dental caries of primary teeth affects 532 million children. Untreated dental caries has many detrimental effects which can affect the physical development and reduce the quality of life of affected children. Furthermore, long-term untreated dental caries can result in school absenteeism, low BMI, and poor educational outcomes.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of ECC in South Africa in children under the age of 6 years.

Methods
All cross-sectional studies documenting the prevalence and severity of dental disease (decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores) will be included. Various databases will be searched for eligible studies. Only studies conducted on South African children aged 6 years and under will be included. There will be no restriction on the time or language of publication. The quality of all eligible studies will be analyzed by a risk of bias tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results will be presented narratively, and if possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted.

Results
The protocol is registered with PROSPERO. The literature search was initially conducted in November 2018 and was repeated in November 2020.

Conclusions
The results of this study will be used to advise stakeholders of the prevalence and severity of dental disease in children under 6 years of age in South Africa.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42018112161;

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/25795
Methods for Authenticating Participants in Fully Web-Based Mobile App Trials from the iReach Project: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Guest Jodie L , Adam Elizabeth , Lucas Iaah L , Chandler Cristian J , Filipowicz Rebecca , Luisi Nicole , Gravens Laura , Leung Kingsley , Chavanduka Tanaka , Bonar Erin E , Bauermeister Jose A , Stephenson Rob , Sullivan Patrick S 
Published: June 2021

Background
Mobile health apps are important interventions that increase the scale and reach of prevention services, including HIV testing and prevention counseling, pre-exposure prophylaxis, condom distribution, and education, of which all are required to decrease HIV incidence rates. The use of these web-based apps as well as fully web-based intervention trials can be challenged by the need to remove fraudulent or duplicate entries and authenticate unique trial participants before randomization to protect the integrity of the sample and trial results. It is critical to ensure that the data collected through this modality are valid and reliable.

Objective
The aim of this study is to discuss the electronic and manual authentication strategies for the iReach randomized controlled trial that were used to monitor and prevent fraudulent enrollment.

Methods
iReach is a randomized controlled trial that focused on same-sex attracted, cisgender males (people assigned male at birth who identify as men) aged 13-18 years in the United States and on enrolling people of color and those in rural communities. The data were evaluated by identifying possible duplications in enrollment, identifying potentially fraudulent or ineligible participants through inconsistencies in the data collected at screening and survey data, and reviewing baseline completion times to avoid enrolling bots and those who did not complete the baseline questionnaire. Electronic systems flagged questionable enrollment. Additional manual reviews included the verification of age, IP addresses, email addresses, social media accounts, and completion times for surveys.

Results
The electronic and manual strategies, including the integration of social media profiles, resulted in the identification and prevention of 624 cases of potential fraudulent, duplicative, or ineligible enrollment. A total of 79% (493/624) of the potentially fraudulent or ineligible cases were identified through electronic strategies, thereby reducing the burden of manual authentication for most cases. A case study with a scenario, resolution, and authentication strategy response was included.

Conclusions
As web-based trials are becoming more common, methods for handling suspicious enrollments that compromise data quality have become increasingly important for inclusion in protocols.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/10174
Development, Acceptance, and Concerns Surrounding App-Based Services to Overcome the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Park Jihwan , Han Jinhyun , Kim Yerin , Rho Mi Jung 
Published: June 2021

Background
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, South Korea has been engaged in various efforts to overcome the pandemic. One of them is to provide app-based COVID-19–related services to the public. As the pandemic continues, a need for various apps has emerged, including COVID-19 apps that can support activities aimed at overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
We aimed to determine which apps were considered the most necessary according to users and evaluate the current status of the development of COVID-19–related apps in South Korea. We also aimed to determine users’ acceptance and concerns related to using apps to support activities to combat COVID-19.

Methods
We collected data from 1148 users from a web-based survey conducted between November 11 and December 6, 2020. Basic statistical analysis, multiple response analysis, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were performed using R software. We then manually classified the current status of the development of COVID-19–related apps.

Results
In total, 68.4% (785/1148) of the respondents showed high willingness to protect themselves from COVID-19 by using related apps. Users considered the epidemiological investigation app to be the most necessary app (709/1148, 61.8%) overall, followed by the self-management app for self-isolation (613/1148, 53.4%), self-route management app (605/1148, 52.7%), COVID-19 symptom management app (483/1148, 42.1%), COVID-19–related information provision app (339/1148, 29.5%), and mental health management app (270/1148, 23.5%). Despite the high intention to use these apps, users were also concerned about privacy issues and media exposure. Those who had an underlying disease and had experience using COVID-19–related apps showed significantly higher intentions to use those apps (P=.05 and P=.01, respectively).

Conclusions
Targeting users is very important in order to design and develop the most necessary apps. Furthermore, to gain the public’s trust and make the apps available to as many people as possible, it is vital to develop diverse apps in which privacy protection is maximized.
Exploring the Utility of Google Mobility Data During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Digital Epidemiological Analysis
Authors: Kishore Kamal , Jaswal Vidushi , Verma Madhur , Koushal Vipin 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAssociation between human mobility and disease transmission has been established for COVID-19, but quantifying the levels of mobility over large geographical areas is difficult. Google has released Community Mobility Reports (CMRs) containing data about the movement of people, collated from mobile devices.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the use of CMRs to assess the role of mobility in spreading COVID-19 infection in India.MethodsIn this ecological study, we analyzed CMRs to determine human mobility between March and October 2020. The data were compared for the phases before the lockdown (between March 14 and 25, 2020), during lockdown (March 25-June 7, 2020), and after the lockdown (June 8-October 15, 2020) with the reference periods (ie, January 3-February 6, 2020). Another data set depicting the burden of COVID-19 as per various disease severity indicators was derived from a crowdsourced API. The relationship between the two data sets was investigated using the Kendall tau correlation to depict the correlation between mobility and disease severity.ResultsAt the national level, mobility decreased from –38% to –77% for all areas but residential (which showed an increase of 24.6%) during the lockdown compared to the reference period. At the beginning of the unlock phase, the state of Sikkim (minimum cases: 7) with a –60% reduction in mobility depicted more mobility compared to –82% in Maharashtra (maximum cases: 1.59 million). Residential mobility was negatively correlated (–0.05 to –0.91) with all other measures of mobility. The magnitude of the correlations for intramobility indicators was comparatively low for the lockdown phase (correlation ≥0.5 for 12 indicators) compared to the other phases (correlation ≥0.5 for 45 and 18 indicators in the prelockdown and unlock phases, respectively). A high correlation coefficient between epidemiological and mobility indicators was observed for the lockdown and unlock phases compared to the prelockdown phase.ConclusionsMobile-based open-source mobility data can be used to assess the effectiveness of social distancing in mitigating disease spread. CMR data depicted an association between mobility and disease severity, and we suggest using this technique to supplement future COVID-19 surveillance.
Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Improving Cognition in Alzheimer Disease: Protocol for an Interim Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moussavi Zahra , Koski Lisa , Fitzgerald Paul B , Millikin Colleen , Lithgow Brian , Jafari-Jozani Mohammad , Wang Xikui 
Published: June 2021

Background
Many clinical trials investigating treatment efficacy require an interim analysis. Recently we have been running a large, multisite, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial investigating the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for improving or stabilizing the cognition of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease.

Objective
The objectives of this paper are to report on recruitment, adherence, and adverse events (AEs) to date, and to describe in detail the protocol for interim analysis of the clinical trial data. The protocol will investigate whether the trial is likely to reach its objectives if continued to the planned maximum sample size.

Methods
The specific requirements of the analytic protocol are to (1) ensure the double-blind nature of the data while doing the analysis, (2) estimate the predictive probabilities of success (PPoSs), (3) estimate the numbers needed to treat, (4) re-estimate the initial required sample size. The initial estimate of sample size was 208. The interim analysis will be based on 150 patients who will be enrolled in the study and finish at least 8 weeks of the study. Our protocol for interim analysis, at the very first stage, is to determine the response rate for each participant to the treatment (either sham or active), while ensuring the double-blind nature of the data. The blinded data will be analyzed by a statistician to investigate the treatment efficacy. We will use Bayesian PPoS to predict the success rate and determine whether the study should continue.

Results
The enrollment has been slowed significantly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Nevertheless, so far 133 participants have been enrolled, while 22 of these have been withdrawn or dropped out for various reasons. In general, rTMS has been found tolerable with no serious AE. Only 2 patients dropped out of the study due to their intolerability to rTMS pulses.

Conclusions
Overall, the study with the same protocol is going as expected with no serious AE or any major protocol deviation.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02908815; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02908815

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/31183
Optimasi Proses Hidrolisis Protein Dari Limbah Bulu Ayam
Authors: Bowo Pangestu , Indrawati Teti , Rahmat Deni 
Published: June 2021

Limbah bulu ayam yang mengandung protein keratin telah direkomendasikan sebagai sumber nutrisi alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk pakan ternak, industri kosmetik, dan industri pupuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi NaOH terhadap kualitas hidrolisat bulu ayam. Penelitian dilakukan dengan optimasi proses hidrolisis limbah bulu ayam dengan metode basa menggunakan NaOH (rasio 1:6) dengan variasi konsentrasi 5%, 7,5% dan 10% selama 4 jam pada suhu 80ºC. Penentuan rendemen hidrolisat bulu ayam paling optimum dilakukan dengan analisis total protein menggunakan metode Kjeldahl, analisis asam amino dengan menggunakan Amino Acid Analyzer (AAA) dan identifikasi profil protein menggunakan metode Static light scattering (SLS). Hasil optimasi proses hidrolisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa hidrolisat bulu ayam dengan konsentrasi pelarut NaOH 5% menunjukkan hasil optimum dengan rendemen sebesar 70,24% , total protein 62,66 %, total asam amino bebas 39.126 % dan masa molekul protein dengan metode SLS menunjukkan hasil 4,31 kDa.