bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enseigner les « faits religieux » ? Aléas d’une expression malheureuse, du rapport Joutard (1989) aux préconisations du Conseil des sages de la laïcité (2018)
Authors: Rota Olivier 
Published: June 2021

L’expression « fait(s) religieux », popularisée par le rapport de Régis Debray sur l’enseignement du fait religieux dans l’école laïque (2002), a longtemps été présentée comme « de bonne diplomatie », à défaut de relever d’une « bonne épistémologie ». Le présent article retrace l’histoire de l’adoption de cette expression par les milieux de l’enseignement et de la recherche depuis le rapport Joutard (1989). Nous présenterons le contexte qui a présidé à cette adoption, puis retracerons les éléments du débat scientifique depuis 2002, jusqu’à la note du Conseil des sages de la laïcité au ministre de l’Éducation nationale, datée du 25 novembre 2018. Ce dernier document, qui se présente comme la synthèse argumentée de deux décennies de débats, pointe du doigt les insuffisances et les contradictions d’une expression qui pouvait déjà apparaître comme dépassée au début du millénaire, mais dont l’usage a persisté faute de meilleures propositions.
Expérimenter les massages en classe pour contribuer au bien-être à l’école ? Étude qualitative des effets constatés par les enseignants
Authors: Necker Sophie 
Published: June 2021

Dans un contexte scolaire où le bien-être est considéré à la fois comme objectif et moyen (pour mieux apprendre), une multitude et une diversité d’actions, de projets et programmes sont conçus et mis en œuvre dans le but de contribuer au bien-vivre à l’école. Cet article analyse les effets attribués à un programme de massage entre élèves par neuf enseignants qui y ont participé avec leur classe, le Massage In Schools Programme (MISP). Dans une approche qualitative à posture inductive, des entretiens semi-directifs ont permis de repérer ce que le MISP a « fait » aux classes. Les effets pointés par les enseignants sont valorisés principalement positivement. Ils concernent les élèves comme les enseignants et appartiennent à différents registres de l’activité humaine. Ils incitent à interroger la spécificité de ce qui se joue dans ce programme en termes d’expérience vécue et de bien-être perçu. Ils conduisent également à discuter la conséquence du programme sur l’évaluation (au sens étymologique) des élèves et de leurs comportements, par les enseignants.
On a lu pour vous – L’exemple des grands aventuriers, de Amy Posey et Kevin Vallely
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam 
Published: June 2021

Alors que le monde traverse une longue crise, comment utiliser la sagesse acquise par les grands aventuriers pour mieux faire face à l’adversité ? Qu’on affronte les plus grosses vagues, les glaciers les plus dangereux, les sommets les plus périlleux, voire une salle de conseil d’entreprise, les embûches sont parfois similaires. Cet ouvrage présente sept aventures, soit autant de leçons de vie et… de leadership.
Apprendre à affronter l’incertitude dès l’école primaire grâce à la discussion à visée philosophique
Authors: Briançon Muriel , Marty Amanda 
Published: June 2021

L’article expose en quoi la discussion à visée philosophique (DVP) participe à apprendre à affronter l’incertitude et l’inconnu. À partir de l’idée que la pensée complexe est nécessaire en éducation, sont redéveloppées les thèses philosophiques de la Non-réalité qui indiquent que l’inconnu peut et doit avoir sa place dans les apprentissages scolaires. L’élève peut-il apprendre à affronter les incertitudes à l’école primaire ? L’incertitude étant liée à la notion d’inconnu, celle-ci peut-elle devenir un nouvel objet de savoir scolaire ? Dans notre perspective théorique de L’Altérité enseignante et de l’Aussersein meinongien, il existe bien un savoir de l’inconnu qui mérite sa place dans les apprentissages scolaires. La discussion à visée philosophique peut-elle alors devenir le dispositif privilégié au service de cet apprentissage ? Notre revue des moyens d’affronter l’incertitude et la recension de ses dimensions nous permet d’établir des grilles d’interprétation des propos d’élèves de six à onze ans recueillis lors de deux DVP. Nos interprétations montrent que la DVP permet aux enfants de travailler directement leur rapport à l’inconnu (non-savoir). Des zones non pensées et des compétences à développer pourraient devenir de nouveaux enjeux d’apprentissages dans l’école de demain.
Examining Concussion Nondisclosure in Collegiate Athletes Using a Health Disparities Framework and Consideration of Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Wallace Jessica , Beidler Erica , Register-Mihalik Johna K. , Hibbler Tamaria , Bretzin Abigail , DeMedal Spencer , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: June 2021

Context
Limited research exists concerning the relationship between the social determinants of health (SDOHs), including race, socioeconomic status (SES), health care access and physical environment and concussion nondisclosure in collegiate athletes. However, among high school athletes, disparities have been noted, with Black athletes who attended under-resourced schools and lacked access to an athletic trainer (AT) disclosing fewer concussions.

Objective
To investigate whether concussion nondisclosure disparities existed by (1) race, (2) SES, or (3) AT health care access before college and understand the differential reasons for concussion nondisclosure between White and Black collegiate athletes.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Collegiate athletics.

Participants
A total of 735 college athletes (84.6% White, 15.4% Black).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Participants completed a questionnaire that directly assessed concussion nondisclosure, including reasons for not reporting a suspected concussion. With the premise of investigating SDOHs, race was the primary exposure of interest. The outcome of interest, nondisclosure, was assessed with a binary (yes or no) question, “Have you ever sustained a concussion that you did not report to your coach, AT, parent, teammate, or anyone else?”

Results
Among the White and Black athletes, 15.6% and 17.7%, respectively, reported a history of concussion nondisclosure. No differences were found by race for distributions of history of concussion nondisclosure (P = .57). Race was not associated with concussion nondisclosure when evaluated as an effect modification measure or confounder, and no significant associations were noted by SES or high school AT access. Differences by race for reported reasons for nondisclosure were present for “At the time, I did not think it was a concussion” (P = .045) and “I thought my teammates would think I am weak” (P = .03), with Black athletes selecting these more frequently than White athletes.

Conclusions
These data help to contextualize race and its intersection with other SDOHs that could influence concussion nondisclosure outcomes in collegiate athletes.
Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 among the Young People and Association Between Diabetes, Hypertension, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2
Authors: Akter Aklima , Tabassum Nafisa , Rahman Arifur 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) or corona pandemic is an outgoing pandemic caused by coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. It was first identified in Wuhan, China, and the first COVID-19 case in Bangladesh was on March 7, 2020. A retrospective research was conducted on Brahmanbaria Medical College with COVID-19-suspected patients to understand the current situation of COVID-19 in Brahmanbaria.

Methods:
A total 752 oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from COVID-19 suspected patients and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction test was run to identify the positive cases.

Results:
We found 28.5% (n = 214) of positive cases among which 22.9% (n = 49) were diabetes mellitus patients and 20.5% (n = 46) were hypertension patients too.

Conclusion:
A total of 214 (28.5%) COVID-19 positive confirmed cases among 752 COVID-19-suspected peoples were found. The most common age group of COVID-19 patients was between 31 and 40 years, which is a matter of great concern as these patients develop different postcorona syndromes such as weakness, breathlessness, and muscles pains and cannot go back to their normal daily life as before.
Immunohistochemical Subtypes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas with Special Emphasis on Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Pal Gaurav , Dasgupta Senjuti , Banerjee Uma 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to etiology, morphology, immunohistochemistry, and prognosis. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is categorized into two subtypes – germinal center B-cell like (GCB) and activated B-cell like, based on the stage of B-cell differentiation. The epidemiologic profile of NHL varies from one place to another. The aim of the present study was to delineate the frequencies of different types of NHL including subtypes of DLBCL in a tertiary care center. Another objective was to determine if there is any correlation between different subtypes of DLBCL and clinicopathological parameters.

Materials and Methods:
Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination was done on paraffin blocks of patients diagnosed as NHL by histopathological examination. The patient details, type of NHL including subtype of cases of DLBCL, diagnosed by IHC, were recorded.

Results:
The mean age of the study population of 62 patients was 53 ± 14.5 years. Forty patients (65%) were male and 22 (35%) were female. The majority (56, 90%) of the NHLs were of B-cell type. DLBCL was the most common B-cell lymphoma (23, 41%). GCB subtype (12, 21%) of DLBCL was slightly more frequent than non-GCB type (11, 20%). The correlation between subtypes of DLBCL and clinicopathological parameters was not statistically significant. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma was the most common type of T-cell lymphoma. Most of the NHLs presented with nodal involvement (38, 61%).

Conclusion:
The heterogeneity of NHLs in different parts of the country makes it necessary to undertake epidemiological studies so that patient care may be improved.
The Effect of 16 Arg/Gly β2–Adrenergic Receptors Gene Polymorphism on Pulmonary Function in Asthmatic Children Treated with Nebulized Salbutamol
Authors: Mohammed Ayat Sahib , Abood Haidar Abdul Amir , Hussein Aqeel Mehdi 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The β2-adrenergic receptor gene is a typical candidate for the study of genetic polymorphism, the biological relevance, and clinical consequences of polymorphisms. Many patients with asthma do not respond to β2-agonist; in addition, a wide interindividual variability in pharmacological response exists, likely because of the interaction between clinical, environmental, and genetic factors.

Methods:
A total of 80 asthmatic children, including 55 males and 25 females with acute attacks ages range between 5 and 18 years, attended the Respiratory Clinic at Karbala Pediatric Hospital, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine SNP of β2-adrenergic receptor gene at nucleic acid 46 (16 amino acid position).

Results:
Asthmatic children having GG genotype showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in all the recorded lung function parameter (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC and FEV1% predicted) after treatment with nebulized salbutamol while those having AA and AG genotypes showed significant (increase) improvement (P < 0.05) only in FEV1, FVC, and FEV1% predicted after treatment with nebulized salbutamol and showed no significant increase (P > 0.05) in FEV1/FVC ratio after treatment with nebulized salbutamol, patients having GG genotype of 16Arg/Gly SNP showed highest change (increase) in FEV1 (204.44 ± 175.35) ml and in FEV1% predicted (15.22 ± 14.75) % after treatment with nebulized salbutamol in compared with other genotypes groups, although this change is not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Asthmatic children having GG (Gly16Gly) genotype showed better improvement in lung function after nebulized salbutamol in compared with those having AA (Arg16Arg) and those having heterozygous AG (Arg16Gly) during mild-to-moderate acute asthma attacks.
Identification of a Subpopulation of Chemoresistant Cancer Cells with Adult Stem Cell Properties and Embryonic Transcription Factors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shaik Mahaboob Vali , Shaik Munni , Subramanyam G. , Rajasekhar G. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In South-central Asia, oral cancer ranks among the three most common types of cancer. India alone accounts for 86% of the total oral cancer figures globally. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to give rise to differentiated tumor cells and to predict tumor recurrence and metastases. This study designed to characterize the CSCs derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma and its identification of correlation with embryonic transcriptional potential.

Materials and Methods:
Tumor (microscopically ~80% of their areas occupied by tumor cells) and normal counterpart (normal paired noncancerous matched tissue) samples from each histologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were undertaken in this study. Isolation of stem cells using anti-CD133-positive selection. Expression levels of stem cell surface markers were assessed by flow cytometer. The immunoprofile of these markers was correlated with sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX-2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), and NANOG. The tissue samples of OSCC were studied to identify the localization pattern for CSCs using fluorescence microscopy.

Results:
Histologically, SOX-2 expression has been identified at all zones exhibiting dysplasia. Isolated CD133+ cells showed differential expression pattern with embryonic transcription factors in tumor cells but not in normal counterpart, which depicts their cancer stemness. Flow cytometry analysis exhibited that SOX-2/OCT4/CD44+with CD133 positive stemness in OSCC malignant tissues was identified to be the best marker for OSCC prediction of the disease.

Conclusion:
The isolated subpopulation CD133+ cells possess the characteristics of both stem cells and malignant tumors. The findings show that elevated levels of CD133 lead to OSCC invasiveness and metastasis, associated with the upregulation of embryonic and stemness markers. Hence, these tumors may be controlled by restricting the expression of CD133, CD44, OCT4, and SOX2 or by disrupting the molecular pathways that are altered in CSCs.
Assessing Liver Functions of Radiologic Technologists Exposed Chronically to Radiation
Authors: Alasmari Sultan Zaher , Makkawi Mohammed , Shubayr Nasser , Zaman Gaffar , Alashban Yazeed , Eisa Nashwa , Khairy Hussain , Rudiny Fuad , Afif Basma 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The continued absorption of occupational radiation encounter by radiologic technologists and the potential resulting adverse effects have been a concern to the field for decades. This study investigates the risk factors of developing liver dysfunction among a selected group of radiologic technologists (RTs) to evaluates the correlation between cumulative radiation doses and liver injury.

Methods:
Only RTs who have been working in the radiology department for more than 10 years were selected for the study. The RTs and control groups were chosen based on several factors: adults, nonalcoholic, non-smoker, and have no history of hypertension or diabetes. A retrospective analysis was performed on the effective cumulative radiation dose for a selected RTs from 2009 to 2019. Fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to evaluate liver function tests. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (BiL), direct BiL, indirect BiL, albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose (GLUH) were measured.

Results:
The result showed that the difference in the medians of liver biomarker GGT between control and RTs groups was statistically significant. The median of GGT in RTs group was higher than that of the control group.

Conclusions:
GGT test is a hallmark of liver function and alteration in GGT level may indicate a hepatic defect. Thus, further investigation in a large cohort to study the association between GGT elevation and chronic radiation exposure is required.
The Contribution of [18]F-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography to the Diagnosis and Staging of Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach
Authors: Tatar Selda Yilmaz , Arslan Esra 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Signet ring cell carcinomas (SRCC) have been among the most common histological types of gastric cancer. In recent years, [18]F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18]F-FDG-PET/CT) has been very useful for primary cancer staging and distant metastasis detection. In our study, the aim was to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive level of [18]F-FDG-PET/CT in SRCC.

Methods:
Ninetytwo patients that underwent [18]F-FDG-PET/CT procedures between 2011 and 2017 for primary staging were included in the study. The clinicopathological features and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of histopathologically defined cancers were determined. Ethical approval was obtained from Istanbul Training and Research Hospital Local Ethics Committee with the date and number 04/08/2017-1048.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 58.1 ± 12.2 years. Sixtythree of the patients (75.3%) were male and 29 (24.7%) were female. According to the histopathological classification, the majority of the SRCCs were poorly differentiated and were most frequently localized in the middle and lower parts of the stomach. The mean value of [18]F-FDG uptake by [18]F-FDG-PET/CT in the primary lesions was SUVmax = 9.69 ± 7.58. The mean SUVmax (SUVmax: 7.92) measured in the patient group, 60 years and older, was found to be statistically significantly higher (p = 0.038) than the value measured in the 59 years and younger group (SUVmax: 10.26). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean SUVmax of the patients aged 60 and over and under this age group (p = 0.038). A statistically significant difference was found between the group with a positive regional LN and the mean SUVmax calculated between the group with negative regional LN (p = 0.012). A statistically significant difference was found between the group with distant organ metastasis and the negative group (p = 0.008). However, no statistically significant difference was found between tumor diameter, tumor wall thickness, localization of the tumor in the stomach, presence of distant nodal metastasis, and SUVmax calculated for histological gradients of the lesions (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Due to the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of SRCC in recent years, PET/CT may contribute to the diagnosis, staging, and prognosis determination of patients. [18]F-FDG-PET/CT demonstrated high FDG uptake in SRCC lesions. The FDG SUVmax was observed to increase significantly in patients with SRCC diagnosis of regional LN and distant organ metastasis. Studies with larger patient groups are needed to detect locally advanced and metastatic cases in SRCC patients using [18]F-FDG-PET/CT.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Hashemian Seyed Mohammad Reza , Shafigh Navid , Erfani Raziyeh , Khoundabi Batoul , Miller James 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Spontaneous pneumothorax is known as a fatal complication in patients with COVID-19. However, the exact pathogenesis of the spontaneous pneumothorax occurrence and its cause remains unknown. Accordingly, the present study examined 30 patients with acute COVID-19-induced respiratory failure who were under biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) and medical ventilator machines.

Methods:
This study is a retrospective study and was performed on patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory failure who were admitted to the intensive care unit. The study population included 30 patients (10 patients with pneumothorax complication and 20 other patients without this complication). All study patient demographic data and device parameters (physiological parameters observed by the device) were collected and compared with each other.

Results:
Overall, 30 patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were selected during the 3 months from April to July 2020, with complications of spontaneous pneumothorax and emphysema detected in the collected chest X-ray images of 10 patients. In general, the results showed that p-plateau and p-peak parameters in the group with pneumothorax were significantly higher than the other group. Alternately, it was observed that static compliance for the group with pneumothorax was significantly lower than the uncomplicated group. Further, the mortality rates obtained were equal to 80% for the group with pneumothorax complication and 55% for the other group.

Conclusion:
Spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with ARDS and COVID-19 is a rare complication with a high mortality rate that occurs even in patients without intubation and patients undergoing BIPAP. Hence, if low static compliance and high pulmonary pressures are observed for patients, physicians should seek the complication diagnosis and treatment following changes in patients' symptoms.
Ameliorating and anti-inflammatory role of Balanites aegyptiaca aqueous extract on Doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats
Authors: Elkareem Hanaa F.A. , Essawy Abd El-Naby I. , Ashry Mahmoud , Badawi Manal A. , Abdel-Wahhab Khaled G. 
Published: June 2021

Background and objective
Doxorubicin (Doxo) is an antibiotic that used in cancer treatment, with many complications like hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study was to explore the ameliorative effect of Balanites aegyptiaca aqueous extract (BAE) against Doxo-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats.

Materials and methods
Adult male Wistar rats (140–160 g) were randomly divided into six groups (10 animals each) as follows: group I, normal rats act as a control group; group II, rats ingested with BAE (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks; group III, rats intoxicated (intraperitoneal) with Doxo (0.5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks; group IV, rats ingested with BAE in combination with Doxo injection for 4 weeks; group V, rats ingested with BAE for 4 weeks before Doxo injection for another 4 weeks; and group VI, rats ingested with BAE for 4 weeks after Doxo injection.

Results
The results revealed all BAE regimens succeeded to decrease the hepatotoxicity induced by Doxo. This was evidenced by the significant reduction of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1beta levels, as well as hepatic malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. Moreover, a marked increase was observed in serum protein and albumin levels, as well as hepatic-reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase values. The obvious histopathological regenerations came in line with both serum and tissue biochemical findings. The Doxo-BAE combined regimen exhibited the highest potential of amelioration.

Conclusion
As a promising supplement, BAE exhibited hepatoprotective potential against Doxo-induced hepatic injuries; this could be mechanized through its antioxidant and radical scavenging exhibition of its bioactive constituents.