bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin C in Glaucoma Associated With Uveitis
Authors: Prata João Antonio , Neves Renato A , Minckler Don S , Mermoud André , Heuer Dale K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-four trabeculectomies performed in 24 patients for control of uveitic glaucoma were retrospectively evaluated to analyze the effect of intraoperative application of mitomycin C (MMC) on the short-term outcome of trabeculectomy for glaucoma associated with uveitis. Success rates, postoperative levels of intraocular pressure (IOP), and complications were studied. After a mean follow up of 9.87 months (range, 3 to 27 months), 18 eyes (75%) achieved an IOP of 21 mm Hg or less without antiglaucoma medications. The same IOP level with one antiglaucoma medication was achieved in four eyes (16.6%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in IOP postoperatively during the period studied (P = .0001). Complications observed included exacerbation of the uveitis (12.5%), choroidal detachment (12.5%), hypotony (8.3%), postoperative shallow anterior chamber (4.2%), wound leak (4.2%), hyphema (4.2%), and macular edema (4.2%). The results of this retrospective and uncontrolled study suggest that intraoperative application of MMC may be a good option for enhancement of short-term trabeculectomy success rates in cases of uveitic glaucoma.
Fox's Modified Technique Using the Mersilene Mesh Sling in the Management of Blepharoptosis
Authors: Gabrieli Corrado Balacco , Recupero Santi Maria , Contestabile Maria Teresa , Pacella Elena , Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Frontalis suspension is the best surgical procedure for severe ptosis with poor or absent levator muscle function. In addition to autologous fascia lata, a variety of materials are available for suspension. The authors describe the use of Mersilene mesh slings developed to overcome the problems of failure, slippage, and extrusion commonly associated with various suspensory materials.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Brow suspension was performed in 20 ptotic eyelids of 14 patients. All patients had severe ptosis with levator function of 4 mm or less. The surgical technique used was a modified version of the method originally described by Fox using the Mersilene mesh sling.
* RESULTS: The improvement in lid height was evaluated by preoperative and postoperative vertical aperture measurements and ranged from 2 to 5 mm (average 3.5 mm). The results were maintained in all cases during a follow-up period of 18 months.
* CONCLUSION: The good functional and cosmetic results suggest that Fox's modified technique using the Mersilene mesh sling has a definite place in ptosis management.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:924-928.]
Risk Factors for Elevated Intraocular Pressure After the Use of Intraocular Gases in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Chen Philip P , Thompson John T 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors studied the contribution of multiple factors, including gas type and concentration, to postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation following vitreoretinal surgery with intraocular gas.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-one eyes of 134 patients were retrospectively investigated after vitreoretinal surgery using air, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) (I0%-30%), or perfluoropropane (C3F8) (5%-35%).
* RESULTS: IOPs greater than 25 mm Hg occurred in 74 of 171 eyes (43%). Elevated IOP was associated with increasing patient age (P < .001), expansile gas concentrations (P < .001), use OfC3F8 (P= .01), and circumferential scleral buckles (P = .04). Most IOP elevations (65 eyes, 88%) occurred within 24 hours and responded to aqueous suppression within 24 to 72 hours.
* CONCLUSIONS: Transient IOP elevation is common following vitreoretinal surgery. Although it is responsive to treatment, it may pose a risk to some eyes. Prophylactic treatment should be considered in high-risk eyes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:37-42.]
Delayed Reattachment of Extraocular Muscles in Rabbits Using Thin Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Hwang Jeong-Min , Chang Bong Leen 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors attempted to find a way to perform reliable delayed suture adjustment so that surgeons can investigate whether delayed adjustment actually gives more reliable and stable results. To prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions and delay the time of adjustment, the authors used polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a mechanical barrier.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: PTFE was placed between the free muscle end and the sclera as a physical barrier in 16 rabbits.
* RESULTS: PTFE could delay the adjustment for up to 4 weeks after surgery in 4 of 10 eyes in each group. After removal of PTFE, adjustment was possible up to 12 weeks because there was no adhesion between the muscle and the PTFE.
* CONCLUSION: Adjustment could be delayed up to 4 weeks in 40% of the experimental eyes using PTFE as a physical barrier.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:59-64.]
Transscleral Ciliary Body Photodynamic Therapy Using Phthalocyanine and a Diode Laser: Functional and Morphologic Implications in Albino Rabbits
Authors: Tsilimbaris Miltiadis K , Naoumidi Irini I , Naoumidis Leonidas P , Papageorgiou Evangelia , Pallikaris Ioannis G 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the morphologic and functional effects of ciliary body photodynamic therapy (PDT) using phthalocyanine and a diode laser.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The upper half of the left eye ciliary body of 16 albino rabbits was irradiated transsclerally using a 670-nm diode laser (400 mW/cm2) after intravenous injection of phthalocyanine (6 mg/kg). The animals were observed for a maximum of 2 months by means of tonometry, biomicroscopy, and fundus examination. At the end of the follow-up period, they were killed and their eyes were prepared for light and electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Transscleral PDT resulted in intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in the treated eye, which lasted about 2 weeks. During this time, the treated eye had IOP values that were significandy lower than its baseline IOP values and the IOP values of the untreated eye (P < .05). One month after the procedure, the IOP had returned to baseline values. Histologic examination revealed vascular endothelial cell damage causing vascular thrombosis in the treated areas. The architecture of the two ciliary epithelium layers showed a significant abnormality. Disappearance of epithelial apical junction complexes and loss of the normal b-cytomembrane enfolding were observed in the course of electron microscopic examination. Large intercellular spaces between epithelial cells were noticed. All of these changes had subsided by the end of the second postoperative month.
CONCLUSION: Transscleral phthalocyaninemediated PDT with the parameters used in this experiment results in significant but temporary functional and morphologic alterations in the ciliary bodies of albino rabbits.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:483-494.]
Endothelial Corneal Damage After Neodymium: YAG Laser Treatment: Pupillary Membranectomies, Iridotomies, Capsulotomies
Authors: Kozobolis Vassilios P , Detorakis Efstathios T , Vlachonikolis Ioannis G , Pallikaris Ioannis G 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the corneal changes after Nd: YAG laser pupillary membranectomies (group A), iridotomies (group B), and capsulotomies (group C) in a follow-up period of 6 months.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Nd:YAG laser was applied to 3 different groups of patients. Specular microscopy, including the counting of corneal thickness and cell density, the percentage of hexagonal cells, and the cell area, was performed preoperatively and postoperatively.
* RESULTS: Some dark areas were recorded in the corneal endothelium in groups A and B. A nonstatistically significant decrease of cell density was recorded by the end of the first month. A significant loss of endothelial cells during the sixth month was recorded in groups A and C.
* CONCLUSION: The appearance of dark areas in the corneal endothelium is mainly related to the total energy delivered. The YAG laser treatments do not provoke an immediate and conspicuous loss of the endothelial cells, but may act as a stimulus for an accelerated loss of endothelial cells.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:793-802.]
Surgical Outcome of Transconjunctival Cryosurgical Extraction of Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Gdal-On Mordechai , Gelfand Yuval A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transconjunctival cryosurgical extraction (TCE) is not an accepted method for the removal of most intraorbital tumors, and thus is not routinely performed. This study evaluates TCE for orbital cavernous hemangioma (OCH), which, due to its specific vascular structure, is suitable for this technique.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective case series, the medical charts of 12 consecutive patients with OCH who underwent TCE were reviewed. The operative complications and the surgical outcome were analyzed.
* RESULTS: Eleven tumors were intraconal and 1 was extraconal. No tumor involved the orbital apex. In 10 patients (83%), the operation was uneventful. One patient lost vision due to intraoperative cilioretinal arterial occlusion. In another patient, the tumor could not be identified and was subsequently removed via lateral orbitotomy.
* CONCLUSION: TCE, a relatively minor operation, is as safe as more extensive surgical procedures for the removal of OCH not located in the posterior third of the orbital space.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:969-973.]
Corneal Autografting: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Rao Srinivas K , Fogla Rajesh , Sitalakshmi Guruswamy , Padmanabhan Prema 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To describe a systematic approach to corneal autografting.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of case records of 3 patients who underwent this procedure.
* RESULTS: All patients achieved satisfactory visual recovery. Oversized grafts of 0.5 mm had less postoperative complications in the recipient eye. A phakic blind eye that received a 0.5 mm undersized graft had a temporary ocular hypertensive phase.
* CONCLUSIONS: Corneal autografting is a safe and effective technique in selected patients. The preferred surgical technique consists of surgery first on the blind eye, excision of a 0.5 mm oversized donor graft, cataract extraction if the eye is phakic, and use of an appropriate temporary keratoprosthesis to maintain donor eye integrity until autografting is completed in the eye with visual potential.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:457-461]
Enlarged Diode Laser Spot Using Indirect Ophthalmoscope Delivery in Conjunction With Indocyanine Green to Treat Large Choroidal Neovascularizations
Authors: Reategui-Escalante Guillermo , Murillo-Lopez Sergio A , Romero-Castro Rosa M , Suarez-Tata Luis M , Guerrero-Naranjo Jose L , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of delivering diode laser (810 nm) spots through an indirect ophthalmoscope in conjunction with intravenous indocyanine green to treat choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) larger than 5,400 µm.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series study was conducted with 8 patients with CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Laser pulses were applied to the CNV within 5 minutes of an intravenous injection of 25 mg of indocyanine green. The laser spot was enlarged up to one disc diameter by shortening the distance between the indirect ophthalmoscope and the 20-diopter viewing lens. The follow-up period was 3 months.
* RESULTS: Three eyes had an improvement in visual acuity of more than 2 lines, and fluorescein angiography showed stabilization of the membrane and reduction of the hemorrhages and subretinal fluid at the last follow-up. Three other eyes maintained the same visual acuity and two had a decrease in visual acuity of more than 2 lines at the 3-month follow-up examination.
* CONCLUSION: Laser treatment delivered through an indirect ophthalmoscope system may be used as a palliative treatment for CNVs larger than 5,400 µm.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003:34:446450.]
Treatment of Intracameral Fibrinous Membranes With Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Erol Nazmiye , Özer Ahmet , Topbas Seyhan , Yildirim Nilgün , Yurdakul Sumru 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the treatment of severe fibrinous membranes that do not respond to anti-inflammatory treatment.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this technique, 0.1 mL of aqueous was aspirated, followed by injection of 0.1 mL (25 ug) of tPA into the anterior chamber in 15 patients with severe fibrinous membranes that developed after pars plana vitrectomy (n = 6), cataract extraction (n = 4), combined cataract and glaucoma surgery (n = 2), trabeculectomy (n = 1), and endophthalmitis (n = 2). The clearance of fibrinous membranes and changes in visual acuity and in intraocular pressure were observed.
* RESULTS: Patients were treated 2 to 10 days postoperatively (mean, 5.6 ± 0.57 days). Complete fibrinolysis was observed in all cases. The mean time for clearance of fibrin was 7.73 ± 2.73 hours. A temporary increase in intraocular pressure was noted in two cases.
* CONCLUSION: In this technique, intracameral injection of 25 µg of tPA is both effective and safe in the treatment of severe fibrinous membranes that do not respond to anti-inflammatory treatment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:451456.]
Ethnographic Research, Local Power Brokers and the Political Reorganization of Colonial Ewedome, British Mandated Territory, 1914-1930s
Authors: Yayoh Wilson K. 
Published: April 2021

Present-day scholars have critically examined the nature and dynamics of indirect rule in Africa and have found it to be riddled with contradictions and ambiguities. Colonial officers were often accused of imposing colonial structures on local people in the name of tradition. Native Authorities (NAs), for instance, were seen as colonial inventions that often lacked real legitimacy. This article, however, extends the counter argument that the colonial state was actually the product of complex local dynamics rather than a straightforward ‘imposition’. This article uses both primary and secondary sources to provide evidence which shows how ethnographic research shaped the British policy of amalgamation in colonial Ewedome and secondly adds to our knowledge on the role of local power brokers in the formulation of colonial policies in Africa.Keywords: Ethnography; Power Brokers; Colonial State; Intermediaries; mediation; legitimacy
Towards a Pan African political culture: Critical pedagogy, reparative justice and the end of global white supremacy
Authors: Bunting I 
Published: April 2021

This paper is an extension of previous work on African peoples’ experiential knowledge, cognitive interests, contested political and cultural power. African centered critical pedagogy, reparatory justice and Pan African political culture are presented as integral to realizing emancipation from the destruction of imperialist domination. The paper posits that to realize AU Agenda 2063 and the global Pan African aspirations, a Pan African political culture must be inculcated in all institutions of the African world. Challenges related to the Pan African Movement and realization of the AU Agenda 2063 are noted. Rather than a consensus of meaning, ideological clarity and strategic purpose, a dissonant cacophony of ideas and agendas proliferate. The paper notes a disconnect between African governments’ state centric approach to Pan Africanism and the endogenous people centric Pan Africanism, and despite recognition of the need for Pan Africanist institutions and policies there is an absence of cohesive and persistent effort, clarity of purpose and sustainable institutional support. It concludes that there is a general consensus that continental political unity, global Pan African solidarity, participatory democracy and non-capitalist people centered economy are fundamental to the Pan African purpose, and global Pan African organization is necessary for African peoples to regain power of political self-determination, overcome impoverishment, racial based oppression and the structural violence of global white supremacy.
The Effect of Empowerment Program for Nurses Regarding Management of Children with Phenylketonuria
Authors: Said Khadiga M. , Draz Safaa F. 
Published: April 2021

Context: Phenylketonuria (commonly known as PKU) is an inherited disorder that increases the levels of a substance called phenylalanine in the blood. If PKU did not diagnose early in life or the affected children with PKU do not be compliant with the treatment regimen (food), it leads to severe cognitive or behavioral problems, seizures, and autistic symptoms.
Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of empowerment program on nurses' management of children with phenylketonuria.
Methods: Quasi-experimental research (one group pre/post-test) design was used to conduct this study. The study was carried out in the hereditary unit, and hereditary outpatient clinics at Ain Shams Specialized Hospital for children affiliated to Ain shams University. A convenient sample of all available nurses working in the previously mentioned study settings (80 male and female bedside nurses) from the beginning of May 2018 to the end of October 2018. Two tools were utilized for data collection for the current study. They are the structured interview questionnaire to assess the nurses' knowledge regarding the management of children with phenylketonuria and the nurses’ performance observation checklists regarding nursing care provided for children with phenylketonuria
Results: nurses' knowledge regarding phenylketonuria was unsatisfactory before the empowerment program, while there is a statistically significant improvement between pre and post empowerment program implementation. Nurses' practice regarding phenylketonuria was incompetent before the empowerment program compared to post empowerment program. There is a positive statistical relationship between nurses' knowledge and practice post-program implementation.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the empowerment program had a positive effect on the nurses' knowledge and practice towards the management of children with phenylketonuria. The current study recommended continuous education and training sessions about the management of children with phenylketonuria that should be provided to upgrade the knowledge and improve the practice of nurses caring for PKU children. Availability and accessibility of printed guidelines, posters, and simple handouts regarding the management of children with phenylketonuria.
Effect of Expressive Arts Therapy Interventions on Comfort of Children Undergoing Surgery
Authors: El Sayed Zeinab F. , Sadek Bothayna N. 
Published: April 2021

Context: Children undergoing surgery may experience pain and discomfort. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to completely prevent postoperative pain and discomfort with analgesics. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in non-pharmacological interventions through expressive arts therapy.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of expressive arts therapy interventions on the comfort of children undergoing surgery.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design utilized in this study. This study conducted at the Pediatric Surgical Department in Children's Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, on a purposive sample of 84 children undergoing surgery. Children randomly assigned to two equal groups (control group 42 and study group 42). A child's assessment record was used to gather data related to characteristics of the studied children and surgery data. Pain assessment record to assess the child's physiological and physical parameters of pain. A Numeric Pain Rating Scale to assess a child's pain intensity. State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory for Children to measure anxiety levels. Besides, A Comfort Assessment Scale to assess children's numerical pain intensity and discomfort.
Results: There are statistically significant differences in mean pain intensity scores were observed between the control and study groups on the second day after surgery and before discharge (p > 0.05). The mean anxiety scores were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group in the day after surgery and before discharge (p < 0.05). Also, there were observed improvements in mean comfort scores between the study and the control group on the day after surgery scores and on the day of discharge with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences at (p-value=0.000) between children in the control and study group regarding children's postoperative pain intensity, anxiety levels, and comfort scores.
Conclusion: The application of expressive arts therapy interventions was positively improving comfort and reducing pain intensity and anxiety levels among children undergoing surgery in the study group compared to the controls, emphasizing the importance of using expressive arts therapy interventions for improving children's postoperative comfort.
Effect of Pre-Marital Care Educational Program on Knowledge and Attitude of Female University Students
Authors: Ali Hala A. , Ahmed Amany M. , Ghazy Heba K. 
Published: April 2021

Context: Health and well-being before marriage help to maintain the health of future children. Therefore, healthcare should begin before marriage through premarital care as it can recognize and modify health risk factors well-known to have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes.
Aim: The current research carried out to examine the effect of pre-marital care educational program on the knowledge and attitude of female university students.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design (Pre-test/Post-test) was adopted to achieve the stated aim. A stratified sample of one thousand female students was recruited. The research was conducted at the Nursing and Commerce Faculties at Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. Two tools constructed by the researchers: self-administered questionnaire and Pre-marital care attitude assessment scale.
Results: The research findings revealed that 32.30% of nursing students have a high level of knowledge pre-program compared to 54.00% post-program, while 21.00% of commerce students have a high level of knowledge pre-program compared to 41.00% post-program. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between mean knowledge score pre and post-program (p< 0.001). Concerning students’ attitudes, it was observed that positive attitude expanded from 54.700% to 66.00 % among nursing students and from 49.00% to 57.500% among commerce students. As well, there was a statistically significant difference between pre-program and post-program attitude levels (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: the research hypotheses were accepted as the knowledge and attitude of students were improved after receiving the program suggesting its effectiveness. The study recommended that university students should be equipped with adequate in-depth health information related to pre-marital care to expand the general population mindfulness and impact their attitude toward pre-marital care.