bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling population dynamics for information dissemination through Facebook
Authors: Huynh Hiep Xuan , Lai Be Ut , Duong‐Trung Nghia , Nguyen Hai Thanh , Phan Thuong‐Cang 
Published: April 2021

SummaryOnline social networks such as Facebook and Twitter have become part of our daily lives. Their influence on business, politics, and society is considerable. Sensitive or unreliable information can adversely affect individuals, organizations, and governments. Due to the effects of the Covid‐19 epidemic, online news is more plentiful and accessible, which raises concerns about its reliability, quality, and authenticity. This article proposes the use of population dynamics model to study information dissemination on Facebook and a Susceptible‐Infected‐Recovered (SIR) model to examine information propagation as an outbreak of disease. We investigated 27 datasets with more than 270,000 messages, and the experiments showed that the population dynamics model is suitable for modeling the spread of information. The results revealed that information propagation could occur rapidly; after only 1–2 days. Additionally, we discovered that it is very crucial to find immediate solutions for preventing fake information as soon as it appears. This work enables us to understand the mechanism of information dissemination on social networks. This can help control and prevent the spread of misleading information, avoiding unintended consequences.
Could Legitimation Code Theory offer practical insight for teaching disciplinary knowledge? A case study in geography
Authors: Vernon Esther K. L. F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between disciplinary knowledge and subject pedagogy, utilising Maton's Legitimation Code Theory (LCT). It suggests ways that LCT could help facilitate deeper communication both within and between subject communities, providing a conceptual framework that gets beneath empirical manifestations to identify epistemic and semantic principles that generate those modalities. LCT’s potential to represent systematised concepts diagrammatically may also enable wider communication. Following this, a small‐scale case study is presented exploring the nature of the knowledge in the core topic Changing Places in the new geography A‐Level (UK). This argued that what could be understood as a mismatch of expectations and dispositions by teachers and students can be understood more fundamentally as a contradiction (a ‘code clash’) regarding what counts as the ‘rules of the game’ within geography. The article ends by outlining implications for school geography rooted in the logic of the knowledge being pedagogically preinscribed, that is, that different knowledges’ distinct epistemologies have real implications for how that knowledge should be recontextualised, reproduced and evaluated. It concludes that the exam board's recontextualisation of this disciplinary knowledge is not merely a simpler interpretation; it is more significantly a different ideal ‘knower’ that is being nurtured and examined.
Fluorene Derivatives Bearing Two to Seven Phthalimidomethyl Groups: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Conversion to Amines
Authors: Seidel Pierre , Seichter Wilhelm , Schwarzer Anke , Mazik Monika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluorene derivatives containing four to seven phthalimidomethyl groups (1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐isoindol‐2‐yl‐methyl groups) were prepared from 9H‐fluorene, 9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluorene as well as from 2,7‐ and 2,4,7‐functionalized 9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluorenes by using the conditions of the Tscherniac‐Einhorn reaction. By reacting the 9,9‐diethyl substituted fluorenes with N‐(hydroxymethyl)phthalimide the 2,4,6,7‐ and 2,3,4,6,7‐substituted derivatives were obtained. In the absence of the ethyl groups, as in the case of 9H‐fluorene, the formation of the sixfold and sevenfold substituted compounds was observed (1,2,3,5,7,8‐ and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8‐substituted fluorenes). It should be noted that one position in the bay region of the fluorene skeleton (position 4 or 5) remains unsubstituted in each of the prepared four‐ to sevenfold substituted 9H‐fluorenes. The conversion of the phthalimidomethyl substituted 9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluorenes into the corresponding amines takes place with excellent yields. The solid‐state structures of the compounds bearing phthalimidomethyl groups were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structures are characterized by the presence of C−H⋅⋅⋅O, C−H⋅⋅⋅π and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions as well as C=O⋅⋅⋅π contacts. In the case of the chloroform and dichloromethane solvates the Cl⋅⋅⋅O=C, Cl⋅⋅⋅Cl, and Cl⋅⋅⋅π halogen bonds as well as the C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonds influence furthermore the crystal packing. Ten‐membered supramolecular motifs of the graph set
(10), which are created by the C−H⋅⋅⋅O bonds, can be recognized in some crystal structures. The manuscript provides information about the synthetic routes to new fluorene derivatives and their molecular structures as well as the patterns of noncovalent interactions in the crystalline state.
Palladium‐Catalysed Carboborylation for the Synthesis of Borylated Indanes
Authors: Zieba Andrzej , Hooper Joel F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA palladium‐catalysed carboborylation reaction for the synthesis of borylated indanes has been investigated. This reaction proceeds in good yields with an achiral catalyst, and is tolerant of substitution on the aryl ring, although sensitivity to the substitution of the alkene was observed. Initial studies towards an enantioselective version of this reaction were undertaken, identifying phosphoramidites as a promising ligand class. This allowed for the synthesis of chiral indane and indolone products with moderate levels of enantioselectivity.
Pricing and calibration of the futures options market: A unified approximation
Authors: Lian Xiaotong , Song Yingda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model is widely used in modeling commodity futures prices, but it may not perform well in calibrating corresponding futures options. We consider two variations of the CEV model, that is, CEV with jumps and CEV with regime switching, and compare their performance in calibrating the Chinese futures options market. In particular, we propose a unified framework for pricing American futures options by combining the continuous‐time Markov chain approximation and the dynamic programming method. Results show that the inverse leverage effect in the soybean meal options market can be better described by the CEV regime‐switching model.
Jump activity analysis of the equity index and the corresponding volatility: Evidence from the Chinese market
Authors: Wu Bin , Chen Pengzhan , Ye Wuyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper performs a nonparametric analysis of jump activity for the Chinese equities market. More precisely, we perform formal tests to decide whether the jumps in the 50 exchange‐traded fund (50ETF) and its volatility occur together by using the implied volatility index (iVIX) as a proxy for volatility. Our empirical findings are as follows: (i) joint jumps in the 50ETF and iVIX hardly occur, especially during noncrisis periods; (ii) there is a strong degree of dependence between the jump sizes of the 50ETF and iVIX when disaggregating jumps into their positive and negative parts; (iii) the jump component seems to contribute more to the leverage effect than the diffusive component.
Breast cancer screening and overdiagnosis
Authors: Bulliard Jean‐Luc , Beau Anna‐Belle , Njor Sisse , Wu Wendy Yi‐Ying , Procopio Pietro , Nickson Carolyn , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOverdiagnosis is a harmful consequence of screening which is particularly challenging to estimate. An unbiased setting to measure overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening requires comparative data from a screened and an unscreened cohort for at least 30 years. Such randomised data will not become available, leaving us with observational data over shorter time periods and outcomes of modelling. This collaborative effort of the International Cancer Screening Network quantified the variation in estimated breast cancer overdiagnosis in organised programmes with evaluation of both observed and simulated data, and presented examples of how modelling can provide additional insights. Reliable observational data, analysed with study design accounting for methodological pitfalls, and modelling studies with different approaches, indicate that overdiagnosis accounts for less than 10% of invasive breast cancer cases in a screening target population of women aged 50 to 69. Estimates above this level are likely to derive from inaccuracies in study design. The widely discrepant estimates of overdiagnosis reported from observational data could substantially be reduced by use of a cohort study design with at least 10 years of follow‐up after screening stops. In contexts where concomitant opportunistic screening or gradual implementation of screening occurs, and data on valid comparison groups are not readily available, modelling of screening intervention becomes an advantageous option to obtain reliable estimates of breast cancer overdiagnosis.
Moderating effects of sleep difficulties on relations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and positive memory count
Authors: Contractor Ateka A. , Slavish Danica C. , Weiss Nicole H. , Alghraibeh Ahmad M. , Alafnan Ali A. , Taylor Daniel J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity relates to positive memory retrieval difficulties. One variable potentially influencing this relation is sleep difficulties. We examined moderating effects of sleep difficulties (duration and quality) on relations between PTSD severity and count of specific positive memories covarying for age, gender, and depression.MethodsParticipants were an Amazon Mechanical Turk‐recruited trauma‐exposed community sample of 205 respondents (M
age = 35.44; 61.40% women).ResultsModerated regression analyses indicated significant interaction effects between sleep quality (b = 0.03; p = 0.036) and PTSD severity on specific positive memory count. Among individuals reporting better sleep quality, there were negative associations between PTSD severity and specific positive memory count (b = −0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.010). Similar results were obtained for PTSD's intrusion and arousal clusters.ConclusionResults support targeting sleep quality and PTSD severity to improve positive memory retrieval in PTSD and memory interventions, and the importance of considering sleep when examining links between PTSD and positive memory retrieval.
Preferences for and acceptability of receiving pharmacogenomic results by mail: A focus group study with a primarily African‐American cohort
Authors: Chan Priscilla A. , Lewis Katie L. , Biesecker Barbara B. , Erby Lori H. , Fasaye Grace‐Ann , Epps Sandra , Biesecker Leslie G. , Turbitt Erin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough genetic counseling is traditionally done through in‐person, one‐on‐one visits, workforce shortages call for efficient result return mechanisms. Studies have shown that telephone and in‐person return of cancer genetic results are equivalent for patient outcomes. Few studies have been conducted with other modes, result types or racially diverse participants. This study explored participants’ perspectives on receiving pharmacogenomic results by mail. Two experienced moderators facilitated six focus groups with 49 individuals who self‐identified primarily as African‐American and consented to participate in a genome sequencing cohort study. Participants were given a hypothetical pharmacogenomic result report (positive for c.521T>C in SLCO1B1). An accompanying letter explained that the result was associated with statin intolerance along with a recommendation to share it with one's doctor and immediate relatives. Participants reacted to the idea of receiving this type of result by mail, discussing whether the letter's information was sufficient and what they predicted they would do with the result. Two researchers coded the focus group transcripts and identified themes. Many participants thought that it was appropriate to receive the result through the mail, but some suggested a phone call alerting the recipient to the letter. Others emphasized that although a letter was acceptable for disclosing pharmacogenomic results, it would be insufficient for what they perceived as life‐threatening results. Most participants found the content sufficient. Some participants suggested resources about statin intolerance and warning signs be added. Most claimed they would share the result with their doctor, yet few participants offered they would share the result with their relatives. This exploratory study advances the evidence that African‐American research participants are receptive to return of certain genetic results by approaches that do not involve direct contact with a genetic counselor and intend to share results with providers.ClinSeq: A Large‐Scale Medical Sequencing Clinical Research Pilot Study (NCT00410241).
Green and blue pigments in Roman wall paintings: A challenge for Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Jorge‐Villar Susana E. , Edwards Howell G. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Roman wall paintings, blue and green colours are less commonly encountered than red and yellow and were more expensive. Despite this, Pliny and Vitruvius describe the more common compounds used for these pigments, translated today as azurite, lazurite, chrysocolla, indigo and Egyptian blue for blues and verdigris, malachite, celadonite, glauconite and chlorite for greens. A confusion in their nomenclature is often found in the most common blue pigment that is the first manufactured compound, Egyptian blue. For greens, celadonite and glauconite were usual and called generically ‘green earths’, but they prove to be difficult to characterize analytically. In this paper, we evaluate the Raman spectroscopic identification of the characteristic Roman blue and green pigments as used in wall paintings using two different laser wavelengths (green and near infrared) and clarify their nomenclature.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound for Detecting Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Hara Tomoko , Iwama Itaru , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Kawashima Hiroshi , Oguma Eiji 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveDirect ultrasound imaging findings alone have low sensitivity for diagnosing duodenal (65%) and gastric ulcers (40%). This retrospective study evaluated the efficiency of ultrasound in detecting gastric/duodenal ulcers in pediatric patients through direct and indirect findings.MethodsWe evaluated 244 children who underwent ultrasound and subsequent endoscopy within 4 weeks for direct and indirect imaging findings indicative of gastric/duodenal ulcers. Positive direct imaging findings revealed gastric or duodenal wall thickness >8 or 5 mm, respectively, and indirect findings revealed inflammatory changes, hyperechogenicity, and presence of lymph node around ulcers. Correspondingly, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing gastric/duodenal ulcers and used the Fisher's exact and Mann–Whitney U tests to compare the frequency of findings and gastroduodenal wall thicknesses in pediatric patients with gastric/duodenal ulcers.ResultsOverall, 6 and 24 were diagnosed with gastric and duodenal ulcers, respectively. The sensitivities of direct and indirect findings were 60.0% (18/30) and 80.0% (24/30), respectively; the corresponding specificities were 98.1% (210/214) and 97.2% (208/214). The frequency of direct and indirect sonographic findings differed significantly between patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers (18/30 versus 24/30, P = .002). Gastric and duodenal wall thicknesses were greater in patients with gastric (6.6 ± 2.6 mm versus 3.6 ± 1.4 mm; P = .003) or duodenal ulcer (5.0 ± 1.4 mm versus 2.2 ± 1.0 mm; P <.0001), respectively, than in those without.ConclusionsThe frequency of indirect finding was greater than that of direct finding in pediatric patients with gastric/duodenal ulcers. Therefore, sonographers should carefully evaluate indirect findings around the stomach or duodenum.
Recovery of foot drop in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Authors: Weerasinghe Dinushi , Veerapandiyan Aravindhan , Stanton Michael , Herrmann David N. , Akmyradov Chary , Logigian Eric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsFoot drop is common in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), but its prognosis is uncertain.MethodsCIDP patients with less than anti‐gravity strength (<3/5 power) of ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) on Medical Research Council manual muscle testing on presentation at our center were identified by retrospective review. After initiation of standard treatment, ADF power was serially tabulated, and predictors of recovery were determined.ResultsOf the 27 identified patients, ADF power at presentation was <3/5 in 48/54 legs. At 1 y after treatment, ADF power improved to >/= 3/5 in 17/27 patients in one (N = 6) or both (N = 11) legs. On multi‐variate analysis, predictors of recovery of ADF power were tibialis anterior compound muscle action potential amplitude at presentation, shorter disease duration, and female gender.DiscussionFoot drop improves to anti‐gravity power in most treated CIDP patients depending in part on the severity of fibular motor axon loss at onset of treatment.
Who eats wild meat? Profiling consumers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Olmedo Alegría , Veríssimo Diogo , Challender Daniel W. S. , Dao Huong Thi Thu , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Overexploitation for consumption of meat from wild animals in urban centres currently threatens numerous species across the globe. Indiscriminate offtake to satisfy demand for wild meat affects a range of wildlife of conservation concern in Vietnam. It is essential to understand the consumption of wild meat in Vietnam in order to ensure it is not detrimental to wild species.

We apply the principles of target audience segmentation to a sample of 384 respondents who had consumed wild meat in the previous year in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We carried out a cluster analysis to divide wild meat consumers into subgroups considering demographic, behavioural and psychographic variables.

We found three consumer groups: Classic Consumers (older, less educated), Up‐and‐coming Professionals (younger, wealthier, more educated) and Students. Compared to Students, Classic Consumers and Up‐and‐coming Professionals were significantly more likely to have paid for their meal at wild meat restaurants and to have ordered a combination of wild meat and other types of food rather than other types of food only.

Classic Consumers match previous characterisations of wild meat consumers, but the other two groups should also be considered in demand reduction campaigns. As Students appear to have limited influence on restaurant/food choices in certain social contexts and less propensity to eat wild meat, Up‐and‐coming Professionals may be an important target group.

A wide variety of species are consumed in wild meat restaurants. Some, such as pangolins, are of conservation concern and were consumed by 5% of our respondents. This is potentially an unsustainable level of consumption.

Our study showcases an audience segmentation approach to understanding wildlife consumers and provides insights for behavioural interventions and further research to curtail demand for wild meat in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam where it is of conservation concern.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Veno‐occlusive disease risk in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Duncan Christine , St. Martin Andrew , Pérez Waleska S. , Steinert Patricia , Zhang Mei‐Jie , Chirnomas Deborah , Hoang Caroline J. , Loberiza Fausto R. , Saber Wael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundGemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) administered before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) has been linked to an increased risk of hepatic veno‐occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS).ProcedureThis retrospective analysis examined VOD/SOS risk and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia who received myeloablative alloHCT in 2008–2011 with (n = 148) and without (n = 348; controls) prior GO exposure and were reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research.ResultsCumulative incidences (95% confidence interval [CI]) of VOD/SOS and severe VOD/SOS, respectively, at 100 days were 16% (11–23%) and 8% (4–13%) for GO‐exposed patients and 10% (7–13%) and 3% (2–5%) for controls. With a median follow‐up of approximately 7 years, the 5‐year adjusted overall survival probability (95% CI) after alloHCT was 51% (43–58%) and 55% (50–60%) for GO‐exposed patients and controls, respectively; three (4%) and one (<1%) deaths were attributed to VOD/SOS. In multivariate analyses, GO exposure was observed to be associated with an increased risk of VOD/SOS at 100 days, but was not associated with overall survival, disease‐free survival, relapse, or nonrelapse mortality.ConclusionsResults suggest that GO treatment prior to alloHCT in pediatric patients may increase the risk of VOD/SOS but not death.
Modeling and Simulation of RDX Powder Thermo‐Mechanical Response to Drop Impact
Authors: Yakaboski Otmar , Kumar Ashok V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA computational framework to predict the deformation, flow, and compaction of an energetic material (EM) powder subjected to drop impact is discussed. Explicit dynamic finite element analysis was performed to simulate drop‐weight impact tests for comparison with experimental results and to gain insight into the ignition sensitivity of RDX powder. The computations simulated the Thermo‐Mechanical behavior of a thin layer of energetic powder subjected to drop impact to study the dependence of ignition sensitivity on the anvil material properties. By modeling high strength steel and a low strength copper anvil, a direct comparison is made on how energy dissipation within the EM is influenced by anvil properties. A hybrid finite element model is introduced that captures the mesoscale discrete particle nature of the powder response in regions of interest while using a continuum model elsewhere to reduce computational cost. To capture the mesoscale behavior, a multi‐particle finite element method (MPFEM) approach was used in selected regions in the hybrid model. Powder temperatures were computed to understand how the striker impact energy is dissipated by plasticity and friction into localized heating of the EM that triggers the ignition. Munition designers can use such a framework to study the low‐level impact sensitivity of munitions in a computationally efficient manner. Results of the simulation using the hybrid model suggest that copper anvil undergoes plastic deformation which absorbs a significant portion of the impact energy reducing the energy dissipated within the EM and suppressing ignition.