bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi‐Batch Hydrotreatment of Lignin‐Derived Phenolic Compounds over Raney‐Ni with a Continuous Regeneration of the H‐Donor Solvent
Authors: Shumeiko Bogdan , Kubička David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLignin can be converted into useful precursors of fuels and fine chemicals by thermochemical conversion followed by catalytic hydrogenation using metal catalysts at severe reaction conditions. Thus, mild hydrogenation would significantly improve the sustainability of lignin valorization. Here, hydrogenation of phenols, alkylphenols, and methoxyphenols was achieved at mild reaction conditions (70 °C and atmospheric pressure) via H‐transfer hydrogenation over Raney‐Ni catalyst in 2‐propanol and 2‐butanol solvents. The transfer hydrogenation was feasible at the mild conditions, but the complexity of the reactant greatly decreased or even completely suppressed its reactivity. The position of the functional group (o‐, m‐, p‐position) had a great effect on the reactivity of phenols. Moreover, 2‐butanol enhanced the conversion of phenols in comparison with 2‐propanol. When comparing classic hydrogenation with H‐transfer hydrogenation in presence of external H2, it was found that external H2 not only regenerated H‐donor solvent and ensured stable performance but also increased conversion of phenols and alkylphenols. On the other hand, the absence of external H2 boosted the conversion of methoxy phenols. Finally, phenols extracted from a pyrolysis oil aqueous phase were hydrogenated. The conversion of phenols was greatly affected by competitive adsorption of different compounds present in the reaction mixture. External H2 promoted hydrogenation of the complex reaction mixture and prevented condensation of the reactive species in contrast to the H‐transfer hydrogenation.
Evaluation of Electrocatalytic Activity of Noble Metal Catalysts Toward Nitrogen Reduction Reaction in Aqueous Solutions under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Cai Xiyang , Yang Fan , An Lu , Fu Cehuang , Luo Liuxuan , Shen Shuiyun , Zhang Junliang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is intensively investigated by researchers for its potential to be the next‐generation technology to produce ammonia. Many attempts have been made to explore the possibility of electrochemical ammonia production catalyzed by noble metals. However, the produced ammonia in most reported cases is in ppm level or even lower, which is susceptible to potential contaminants in experiments, leading to fluctuating or even contradictory results. Herein, a rigorous procedure was adopted to systematically evaluated the performance of commercial noble metal nanocatalysts toward NRR. No discernible amount of ammonia was detected in either acidic or alkaline solutions. Further, nitrogen‐containing contaminants in catalysts that might cause false positive results were detected and characterized. An effective way to remove pre‐existing pollutants by consecutive cyclic voltammetry scan was proposed, helping to obtain reliable and reproducible results.
The effects of neonatal procedural pain and maternal isolation on hippocampal cell proliferation and reelin concentration in neonatal and adult male and female rats
Authors: Timmerman Brian M. , Mooney‐Leber Sean M. , Brummelte Susanne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPreterm births accounted for over 10% of all U.S. live births in 2019 and the rate is rising. Neonatal stressors, especially procedural pain, experienced by preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have been associated with neurodevelopmental impairments. Parental care can alleviate stress during stressful or painful procedures; however, infants in the NICU often receive reduced parental care compared with their peers. Animal studies suggest that decreased maternal care similarly impairs neurodevelopment but also influences the effects of neonatal pain. It is important to mimic both stressors in animal models of neonatal stress exposure. In this study, researchers investigated the individual and combined impact of neonatal pain and maternal isolation on reelin protein levels and cellular proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of 8 days old and adult rats. Exposure to either stressor individually, but not both, increased reelin levels in the dentate gyrus of adult females without significantly altering reelin levels in adult males. However, cell proliferation levels at either age were unaffected by the early‐life stressors. These results suggest that each early‐life stressor has a unique effect on markers of brain development and more research is needed to further investigate their distinct influences.
Age and season predict influenza A virus dynamics in urban gulls: consequences for natural hosts in unnatural landscapes
Authors: Ineson Katherine M. , Hill Nichola J. , Clark Daniel E. , MacKenzie Kenneth G. , Whitney Jillian J. , Laskaris Yianni , Ronconi Robert A. , Ellis Julie C. , Giroux Jean‐François , Lair Stéphane , Stevens Skyler , Puryear Wendy B. , Runstadler Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGulls are ubiquitous in urban areas due to a growing reliance on anthropogenic feeding sites, which has led to changes in their abundance, distribution, and migration ecology, with implications for disease transmission. Gulls offer a valuable model for testing hypotheses regarding the dynamics of influenza A virus (IAV) – for which gulls are a natural reservoir in urban areas. We sampled sympatric populations of Ring‐billed (Larus delawarensis), Herring (L. argentatus), and Great Black‐backed Gulls (L. marinus) along the densely populated Atlantic rim of North America to understand how IAV transmission is influenced by drivers such as annual cycle, host species, age, habitat type, and their interplay. We found that horizontal transmission, rather than vertical transmission, played an outsized role in the amplification of IAV due to the convergence of gulls from different breeding grounds and age classes. We detected overlapping effects of age and season in our prevalence model, identifying juveniles during autumn as the primary drivers of the seasonal epidemic in gulls. Gulls accumulated immunity over their lifespan, however short‐term fluctuations in seroprevalence were observed, suggesting that migration may impose limits on the immune system to maintain circulating antibodies. We found that gulls in coastal urban habitats had higher viral prevalence than gulls captured inland, correlating with higher richness of waterbird species along the coast, a mechanism supported by our movement data. The peak in viral prevalence in newly fledged gulls that are capable of long‐distance movement has important implications for the spread of pathogens to novel hosts during the migratory season as well as for human health as gulls increasingly utilize urban habitats.
Abundance decline in the avifauna of the European Union reveals cross‐continental similarities in biodiversity change
Authors: Burns Fiona , Eaton Mark A. , Burfield Ian J. , Klvaňová Alena , Šilarová Eva , Staneva Anna , Gregory Richard D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough global assessments provide evidence of biodiversity decline, some have questioned the strength of the evidence, with local assemblage studies often showing a more balanced picture of biodiversity change. The multifaceted nature of biodiversity and imperfect monitoring datasets may partially explain these findings. Here, using an extensive dataset, we find significant biodiversity loss in the native avifauna of the European Union (EU). We estimate a decline of 17–19% in the overall breeding bird abundance since 1980: a loss of 560–620 million individual birds. Both total and proportional declines in bird numbers are high among species associated with agricultural land. The distribution of species’ population growth rates (ln) is centered close to zero, with numerical decline driven by substantial losses in abundant species. Our work supports previous assessments indicating substantial recent biodiversity loss and calls to reduce the threat of extinctions and restore species’ abundances, for the sake of nature and people.
Winter coexistence in herbivorous waterbirds: Niche differentiation in a floodplain, Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Bai Junpeng , Zhang Huan , Zhou Hongkang , Li Shu , Gao Bin , Chen Peng , Ma Long , Xu Zhifeng , Zhang Zhen , Xu Changxin , Ruan Luzhang , Ge Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe classical niche theory supports the idea that stable coexistence requires ecological differences between closely related species. However, information on waterbirds coexistence in the entirely landlocked freshwater system of Poyang Lake is not well understood, especially when the available biomass of their food in the area decreases. In this study, we tested the ecological segregation mechanisms in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 wintering periods among eight herbivorous waterbirds (including the Siberian crane Grus leucogeranus, hooded crane Grus monacha, white‐naped crane Grus vipio, common crane Grus grus, greater white‐fronted goose Anser albifrons, bean goose Anser fabalis, swan goose Anser cygnoides, and tundra swan Cygnus columbianus) at Poyang Lake. Using field observations and species niche and foraging habitat selection models, we investigated the abundance, distribution, and food sources of these eight waterbird species to quantify and compare their habitat use and ecological niches. Our results showed that niche segregation among the waterbirds, with respect to food types, time, and spatial location, allow them to coexist and use similar resources. The water level gradually receded in the sub‐lakes of the Poyang Lake, which could provide food sources and various habitats for wintering herbivorous waterbirds to coexist. We demonstrated that the differences in habitat use could mitigate interspecific competition, which may explain the mechanism whereby waterbirds of Poyang Lake coexist during the wintering period, despite considerable overlap in the dietary niches of herbivorous waterbirds.
Putting the past into action: How historical narratives shape participation in collective action
Authors: Freel Samuel H. , Bilali Rezarta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhy do some people perceive more injustice, feel more anger, or hold higher collective efficacy beliefs, and thereby are readier to engage in collective action than others? Our understanding of collective action is incomplete without a better understanding of what shapes variation in its antecedents. In this article, we highlight and elaborate historical narratives’ role in driving engagement in collective action. By integrating research and theory on historical narratives and collective action, we propose a theoretical model specifying historical narratives’ impact on three main predictors of collective action—perceived injustice, group efficacy beliefs, and group identity—as well as on forms of collective action. We elaborate on how different dimensions of historical narratives (e.g., historical trajectories, historical attributions) influence each antecedent of collective action and shape action choice. This article contributes to literature by establishing a theoretical basis that explains how historical narratives can either impede or foster collective action tendencies.
A Reliable Electrochemical Sensor Based on Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles for Over‐the‐counter Allergy Medication Abuse Sensing in Biological Fluids
Authors: Marzouk Hoda M. , Ibrahim Engy A. , Hegazy Maha A. , Saad Samah S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiphenhydramine (DIPH) has become one of the world‘s most widely abused over‐the‐counter medications. In addition to relieving allergy symptoms, it is also recognized for causing elevated energy and mild euphoric effects. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently warned about serious problems at high doses including heart problems, seizures, coma or even death among addicted teenagers. Herein, a simple, cost‐effective, and reliable nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor was designed for DIPH quantification in biological fluids. Introducing the functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) into the inner‐filling solution and the PVC‐based ion sensing membrane has been employed and compared to the classical potentiometric approach. The nanoparticles were incorporated to endorse in situ cooperative ion‐pairing interaction between the ionophore and DIPH, and to improve the selectivity and detection limit (9.5×10−8 M). Nernstian potentiometric response was achieved for DIPH over the concentration range of 1.0×10−7 to 1.0×10−2 M with a slope of 59.0±0.2 mV/decade. Inherent merits of the proposed sensor include fast response time (6 s), superior stability (60 days) with higher sensitivity and selectivity towards DIPH without interference from co‐formulated drugs and several ions commonly found in biological matrices. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to the potentiometric determination of DIPH in different biological fluids (plasma and human milk) with an average recovery of 99.06±1.95 % and 100.34±1.92 %, respectively. As a consequence, the developed ISE might be the ideal choice for in‐line DIPH measurements in plasma samples to identify overdose ingestion and its related symptoms, as well as for quality‐control laboratories without prior treatments.
An Aptasensing Strategy Using the Phosphatase‐mimic Nanozyme and pH Meter as Signal Readout
Authors: Shang Xudong , Yu Jingyuan , Wang Chang , Du Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe demand for point‐of‐care testing (POCT) is growing dramatically, especially for district where health facilities are poorly staffed, poorly skilled and ill‐equipped. As a commercialized portable device, pH meters can be used for detection of various targets, relying on bioactive enzymes. The nanozymes, as the alternative of the natural enzymes, have rarely been used for pH‐metric POCT strategies. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive pH‐metric sandwich‐type aptasensor based on the CeO2 nanorods (CeO2 NRs) as phosphatase‐mimic and sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) as catalytic substrate. Under optimal conditions, such strategy yields a detection limit of 1.17 nM with eligible selectivity for detecting thrombin.
Development of comprehensive fire and explosion risk assessment on coal reclaim tunnel using Monte Carlo simulation and risk matrix method
Authors: Widodo Nuhindro Priagung , Permadi Dimas Agung , Ihsan Ahmad , Kusuma Ginting Jalu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe new comprehensive fire and explosion risk assessment of coal reclaim tunnel (CRT), by applying Monte Carlo simulation to address the probability distribution of risk fire and explosion factor, and the risk matrix analysis as a method to classify the total risk rating obtained from Monte Carlo simulation, has been proposed in the present research. Two CRT facilities, that is A and B, which differentiate by the locations have been analyzed using the proposed method. The result shows that CRT A is classified as extreme risk level, and CRT B is divided into two groups, which classified as high‐risk level with cumulative probability of 81.73% and as moderate risk level with cumulative probability of 18.27%. Because they situated on the extreme risk and high‐risk level, the risks are classified in unacceptable risk level. After simulating with several preventive actions, the result shows that the risks have been lowered into acceptable risk level, with a 100% probability of moderate‐risk level. A sensitivity analysis for the CRT A and B reveals that among 49 factors identified, the 4 (four) most influential factors for the fire and explosion risk are the ventilation system, the oxygen concentration, a coal spontaneous combustion, and the monitoring facilities.
Simulation‐supported characterization of 3D‐printed biodegradable structures
Authors: Schirmer Richard Wolfgang , Abendroth Martin , Roth Stephan , Kühnel Lisa , Zeidler Henning , Kiefer Bjoern 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, a proof‐of‐concept study is presented, in which in‐situ full‐field deformation measurements via digital image correlation, finite element analysis, and nonlinear optimization techniques are combined to characterize the heterogeneous structural behavior of a bio‐based material 3D‐printed via binder jetting. The special features of this composite material are its biodegradability and its easy manufacturability using conventional 3D printers. The binder‐jetting process enables innovative applications such as additively manufactured, highly customized, recyclable, or compostable packaging solutions. Compared to other 3D printing techniques, it is relatively fast and inexpensive and can make use of raw material powders that are by‐products of the food or other industries. As an initial step towards gaining a simulation‐supported understanding of the complex process‐structure‐property relations, a first quantitative assessment of the effective behavior of a bio‐based binder‐jetted material is conducted under the following operating assumptions: (i) Its mechanical response can be described by means of a nonlinear elasto‐plastic constitutive law, enriched by a cohesive damage model capturing failure on the structural level, (ii) established mechanical tests on a 3D‐printed component, involving standardized sample geometries, and optical measurements, should yield sufficient information to allow the identification of the corresponding material parameters. First, experimental results of optically monitored four‐point bending tests, with varying alignments of loading axes and printing directions, are presented in detail. Then the proposed parameter identification strategy is explained and its capabilities and limitations, as made evident from quantitative case studies based on the measured structural response data, are thoroughly discussed.
Defining the Huangcaopo complex and gabbroic magmatism in the northern Harlik Mountains (NW China): Late Cambrian to latest Permian accretionary growth of the East Junggar Arc?
Authors: Li Liang , Xiao Wenjiao , Windley Brian F. , Mao Qigui , Gan Jingmin , Jia Xiaoliang , Yang He , Sang Miao 
Published: November 2021

The Kelameili Ocean was one branch of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean, the initiation and closure history of which remains elusive. Consequently, they hamper our understanding of the accretionary evolution of the southern Altaids. In this paper, we carried out field mapping and also geochronological and geochemical analyses on the Huangcaopo Group in the northern Harlik Mountains, NW China. Field investigation revealed that “block‐in‐matrix” structure develops with blocks of andesite, limestone, sandstone, and gabbro in matrices of turbidites. Combined with our recent work, our field investigation indicates that the Huangcaopo Group is the southern extension of the Kelameili accretionary complex. A gabbro block (19HAM057) was dated at 500 ± 4 Ma, its geochemical affinity was defined to be similar to arc magmatic rocks. Magmatisms represented by two gabbroic intrusions (19HAM057‐2 and 19HAM048) were dated at the latest Devonian (360 ± 5 Ma) and the latest Carboniferous (299 ± 4 Ma), respectively. Their geochemistry displays enrichments in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), but depletions in high field strength elements (HFSE, especially Nb and Ta). And a younger gabbroic intrusion (19HAM052) yielded crystallization age of the latest Permian (254 ± 3 Ma), and its geochemistry also shows affinity to arc magmatism. The magmatism represented by the gabbro block (19HAM057) was coeval with the Zhaheba‐Aermantai ophiolite, indicating that it was the product of incipient arc magmatism following subduction initiation in the Kelameili branch of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean. However, two episodes of gabbroic magmas (19HAM057‐2 and 19HAM048) that intruded the Kelameili accretionary complex from the latest Devonian to latest Carboniferous indicate southward rollback of the subducting Kelameili oceanic lithosphere and resulted in the development of a growing arc. Meanwhile, the youngest gabbroic intrusion (19HAM052) suggests that northward subduction of the Kelameili oceanic lithosphere may have at least lasted to the latest Permian, indicating that the closure of the Kelameili Ocean might have been later than the latest Permian, most likely in the early Triassic. Our new data provide further constraints on the initiation and closure history of the Kelameili Ocean, which shed light on the accretionary evolution of the Altaids.
A Bifunctional B,N‐Based Asymmetric Catalytic Nitrostyrene‐Michael Addition Acting through a 10‐Membered Ring Cyclic Transition State
Authors: Du Yihao , Sari Ozlem , Erdem Safiye S. , Whiting Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe B,N‐bifunctional catalyst homoboroproline has been applied to a catalytic asymmetric nitroalkene‐Michael addition to β‐nitrostyrene analogues, showing broad substrate tolerance, high conversions and moderate to good asymmetric induction. The ability of homoboroproline to act as an efficient catalyst based on enamine‐formation of the secondary amine, coupled with intramolecular Lewis‐acid chelation of the nitro function, in a non‐FLP manner, to effect efficient and enantioselective catalysis via a proposed large 10‐membered ring transition state is remarkable and reinforced by theoretical calculations.
High‐performance optical noncontact controlling system based on broadband PtTex/Si heterojunction photodetectors for human–machine interaction
Authors: Li Zhexin , Ran Wenhao , Yan Yongxu , Li Linlin , Lou Zheng , Shen Guozhen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNoncontact interaction systems have attracted considerable research attention in recent years because of convenient operation, sterility, and injury prevention. However, the insufficient sensing distance and weak robustness of noncontact interaction systems for complex environments limit their practical applications. Here, we designed an integrated optical noncontact controlling system (ONCS) based on PtTex/Si optoelectronic heterojunction array. Broadband sensitive photoresponse is realized at zero bias voltage, with excellent detectivity and responsivity, boosting the noncontact sensing distance to at least 150 mm. Consequently, the system can perform noncontact detection, encoding, and control by recognizing shadow‐induced spatiotemporal sequence changes in heterojunction array photocurrents. As a proof of concept, different interactive functions have been demonstrated with good accuracy and robustness by encoding finger movement above the ONCS. This study provides a new perspective for constructing high‐performance noncontact interaction systems.
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A wide‐field microscope utilizing two cellphones for health‐care applications
Authors: Yu Zhenfang , Li Yunfei , Geng Dongxian , Wu Pinghui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this report, we report a wide field‐of‐view (FOV) bright field (BF) microscope with compact and portable optical components, mechanically attached to the existing camera unit of the cellphone. A white screen displayed on a cellphone as the illumination source to pump the sample of interest uniformly for the purpose of the reduction in assembly complexity and alignment. It offers a large FOV of 4.36 × 3.27 mm without digital zoom and a spatial resolution of 1.5 μm. Furthermore, we also have demonstrated the potential application for diseases diagnosis and screening by imaging malaria‐infected blood sample and iron deficiency anemia blood sample in resource‐constrained settings where mobile phone infrastructure is already ubiquitous but microscope is notoriously scarce.