bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention to Limit Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Liu Jihong , Wilcox Sara , Wingard Ellen , Turner‐McGrievy Gabrielle , Hutto Brent , Burgis Judith 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of an antenatal behavioral lifestyle intervention on total gestational weight gain (GWG) and perinatal outcomes.MethodsPregnant women with overweight and obesity in South Carolina were recruited into a theory‐based randomized controlled trial (n = 112 intervention, n = 105 standard care), which was designed to target weight self‐monitoring, increased physical activity, and improved dietary practices.ResultsParticipants were racially/ethnically diverse (44% African American). Intervention and standard care participants had similar total GWG at delivery (12.9 ± 6.9 vs. 12.4 ± 8.3 kg, respectively), but intervention participants had a smaller standard deviation (P = 0.04) in total GWG. The treatment effects were moderated by race/ethnicity and prepregnancy BMI. Among African American participants with overweight, intervention participants gained 4.5 kg less, whereas, among African American women with obesity, intervention participants gained 4.1 kg more than standard care participants. Total GWG among White participants was similar regardless of weight status and group assignment. Fewer intervention participants than standard care participants had adverse pregnancy outcomes (P ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsThe behavioral lifestyle intervention favorably impacted GWG in African American participants with overweight but not African American participants with obesity. The intervention’s overall favorable impact on perinatal outcomes suggests that the mechanisms beyond total GWG may drive these outcomes.
The Concept of Taboo in Raga, Vanuatu: Semantic Mapping and Etymology
Authors: Duhamel Marie‐France 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the two terms that convey the concept of taboo in Raga, the language of north‐central Vanuatu originally spoken in north Pentecost, and provides linguistic evidence expanding on the information published previously by the anthropologists Masanori Yoshioka and John Patrick Taylor. Based on the corpus collected in north Pentecost in the period 2015–2017, and on older ethnographic and religious written material, a semantic map is proposed for the two taboo‐related Raga terms: sabuga and gogona. Reviewing the terms that designate the concept of ‘taboo’ in the neighbouring languages, the study also explores the possibility of borrowing and semantic interference from other languages, and proposes that sabuga is a reflex of Proto Oceanic *tabu, albeit an irregular reflex, and gogona a reflex of Proto North and Central Vanuatu*kona ‘sacred, taboo’.
Effects of intraguild interactions on Anticarsia gemmatalis and Chrysodeixis includens larval fitness and behavior in soybean
Authors: Ongaratto Sabrina , Baldin Edson LL , Hunt Thomas E , Montezano Débora G , Robinson Emily A , dos Santos Maria C 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrop pest management requires an understanding of the complex interactions among species that potentially impact crop yield. In soybean, the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), and the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), are described as key pests, sharing the same feeding guild. We assessed the intraguild interactions of these species under laboratory conditions. Fitness cost study was conducted to examine the influence of competition on insect development. A video tracking system was used to evaluate behavioral parameters during larval interactions in scenarios with and without food availability.RESULTSIn the fitness cost assay, pupal weight was not significantly affected, regardless of sex. However, larval and pupal survival were influenced by the competition, especially in third versus fifth instar scenarios. We detected 40.00% cannibalism and 46.67% predation when A. gemmatalis and C. includens third instars competed with A. gemmatalis fifth instar, respectively. Distance moved, distance between larvae, body contact (food available) and frequency in food of C. includens larvae were negatively affected by interactions. Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae showed highly active behavior, moving twice or more the distance compared to C. includens larvae, and A. gemmatalis spent more time in body contact with food.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that A. gemmatalis has a competitive advantage over C. includens. This study provides important information regarding lepidopteran behavior in soybean. We recommended that additional studies are necessary to understand the effects of interactions, especially in field conditions.© 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Post‐mortem biopsy of a patient with late exacerbation of COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Takahashi Kuniko , Kajiura Koichiro , Nasu Michitaka , Nakamura Kei , Sugata Kazuki , Matsuzaki Akiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPathological findings of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) have rarely been reported owing to its contagious nature. Here, we treated an 82‐year‐old man whose condition was diagnosed as COVID‐19 pneumonia, which exacerbated approximately 25 days after the initial onset. The patient died despite receiving intensive care. Post‐mortem percutaneous needle biopsy of the lungs and liver tissue was performed, including genomic analysis, immunochemical tests, and pathological studies. Histopathology of the lungs showed both exudative and organizing diffuse alveolar damage. Supposedly, the organizing phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced COVID‐19. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and immunostaining of biopsy specimens showed negative results for COVID‐19. Post‐mortem percutaneous needle biopsy was more effective in reducing the risk of contagiousness than autopsy.
The diagnostic challenge of pneumocystis pneumonia and COVID‐19 co‐infection in HIV
Authors: Broadhurst Alistair G.B. , Lalla Usha , Taljaard Jantjie J. , Louw Elizabeth H. , Koegelenberg Coenraad F.N. , Allwood Brian W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) share many overlapping features and may be clinically indistinguishable on initial presentation in people living with HIV. We present the case of co‐infection with COVID‐19 and PCP in a patient with progressive respiratory failure admitted to our intensive care unit where the dominant disease was uncertain. This case highlights the difficulty in differentiating between the two diseases, especially in a high HIV prevalence setting where PCP is frequently diagnosed using case definitions and clinical experience due to limited access to bronchoscopy, appropriate laboratory testing, and computed tomography scans. In addition, diagnostic testing may yield false‐negative results in both diseases, and clinician awareness to the overlap and pitfalls is essential if COVID‐19 becomes endemic in such settings.
Video‐assisted thoracic surgery for a case of chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis undergoing haemodialysis complicated by anorexia nervosa: a case report
Authors: Shirahata Toru , Akimoto Maho , Minegishi Kentaro , Endo Shunsuke , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Nagata Makoto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe the case of a 37‐year‐old female with chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis (CPPA) with anorexia nervosa (AN) while undergoing haemodialysis for renal failure, who had video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) due to recurrent haemoptysis. She was referred to the Department of Respiratory Medicine for evaluation of an abnormal chest shadow. She was diagnosed with CPPA by serological examinations, radiological features, and bacterial culture. She was initially treated with oral antifungal therapy and transcatheter embolization. VATS lobectomy was eventually performed despite the AN and haemodialysis because of poorly controlled haemoptysis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the final histopathological examination confirmed CPPA.
A study of emergency medical service personnel and law enforcement official willingness to respond to disasters
Authors: Knezek Erick B. , Vu Vu T. , Lee Jim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to measure the self‐reported willingness to respond (WTR) to 12 disaster scenarios for Louisiana based Law Enforcement Officials (LEO) and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel. The study analyzed the demographic traits, facilitators, barriers, and potential incentives to determine which variables had a significant influence on WTR. The overall WTR of Louisiana EMS and LEO personnel was 69.9%. The WTR decreased as perceived threat increased. Traits found in those responders who were more willing to respond were males, under 44 years old, no children, military veterans, with prior disaster experience, with less than 5 years experience, and those whose significant other does not have a disaster response role. The statistically significant influences on WTR were fear of working an unfamiliar role, concern for family, self‐safety, feeling well‐prepared to respond, duty to colleagues, and increasing the frequency of training. Findings from this study provide insights into interventions for improving EMS and LEO workers' willingness to respond to duty.
Current views on the potentials of convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis based on recent studies and previous respiratory pandemics
Authors: Aviani Jenifer Kiem , Halim Danny , Soeroto Arto Yuwono , Achmad Tri Hanggono , Djuwantono Tono 
Published: February 2021

SummaryConvalescent plasma therapy (CPT) has been investigated as a treatment for COVID‐19. This review evaluates CPT in COVID‐19 and other viral respiratory diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and influenza. PubMed and Google scholar databases were used to collect eligible publications until 8 December 2020. Meta‐analysis used Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and pooled analysis for individual patient data with inverse variance weighted average. The study is registered at PROSPERO with the number of CRD4200270579. Forty‐four studies with 36,716 participants were included in the pooled analysis and 20 studies in the meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis showed reduction of mortality (RR 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.76], z = 3.86 [p < 0.001], I2 = 44% [p = 0.03]) and higher number of discharged patients (RR 2.53, 95% CI [1.72, 3.72], z = 4.70 [p < 0.001], I2 = 3% [p = 0.39]) in patients receiving CPT compared to standard care alone. A possible mechanism of action is prompt reduction in viral titre. Serious transfusion‐related adverse events were reported to be less than 1% of cases, suggesting the overall safety of CPT; nevertheless, the number of patients participating in the studies was still limited. It is also important to notice that in all the studies, the majority of patients were also given other medications, such as antivirals, antibiotics and corticosteroid; furthermore, randomized controlled studies involving more patients and in combination with other treatment modalities are urgently needed.
Controlled Synthesis and Surface Engineering of Janus Chitosan‐Gold Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Synergistic Gene/Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Dai Xiaoguang , Zhao Xiaoyi , Liu Yanjun , Chen Beibei , Ding Xiaokang , Zhao Nana , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe unsymmetrical morphology and unique properties of Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) provide superior performances for biomedical applications. In this work, a general and facile strategy is developed to construct a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical chitosan/gold nanoparticles. Taking advantage of the active motion derived from Janus structure, selective surface functionalization of polysaccharide domain, and photothermal effect of gold nanorods, Janus chitosan/gold nanoparticles (J‐Au‐CS) are selected as a model system to construct Janus‐structured chitosan/gold nanohybrids (J‐ACP). Near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive J‐ACP composed of polycationic chitosan nanospheres and PEGylated gold nanorods hold great potential to realize photoacoustic (PA) imaging‐guided complementary photothermal therapy (PTT)/gene therapy for breast cancer. The morphology effect of chitosan/gold nanostructures on enhanced PTT, cellular uptake, and gene transfection is investigated. The feasibility of PA imaging to track the accumulation of J‐ACP and guide PTT is also explored. Notably, synergistic therapy is achieved based on PTT‐enhanced gene therapy. In addition, the loading function of chitosan/gold nanoparticles for fluorescence imaging is demonstrated. The current work extends the application of JNPs for imaging‐guided synergistic cancer therapy and provides flexible candidates with distinct structures for diverse biomedical applications.
An Ultrastable and Dense Single‐Molecule Click Platform for Sensing Protein–Deoxyribonucleic Acid Interactions
Authors: Visser Emiel W. A. , Miladinovic Jovana , Milstein Joshua N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn ultrastable, highly dense single‐molecule assay ideal for observing protein–DNA interactions is demonstrated. Stable click tethered particle motion leverages next generation click‐chemistry to achieve an ultrahigh density of surface tethered reporter particles, and has low non‐specific interactions, is stable at elevated temperatures to at least 45 °C, and is compatible with Mg2+, an important ionic component of many regulatory protein–DNA interactions. Prepared samples remain stable, with little degradation, for >6 months in physiological buffers. These improvements enable the authors to study previously inaccessible sequence and temperature‐dependent effects on DNA binding by the bacterial protein, histone‐like nucleoid‐structuring protein, a global transcriptional regulator found in Escherichia coli. This greatly improved assay can directly be translated to accelerate existing tethered particle‐based, single‐molecule biosensing applications.
Evaluation of circular economy potential of plastic waste in Sri Lanka
Authors: Samarasinghe Keshan , Pawan Kumar Srikanth , Visvanathan Chettiyappan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith increasing industrialization and high growing coastal population in Sri Lanka, plastic waste in municipal solid waste has increased tremendously over the past few decades. Plastic consumption in Sri Lanka is increasing at 16% annually with a current consumption of 265,000 megagram (Mg) per annum. If the current trends continue, a large amount of plastics will end up in an open environment threatening natural ecosystems. An attempt was carried out to understand the plastic material flow within Sri Lanka in the year 2017. Through material flow analysis, plastic material flow cycle consisting of nine processes was categorized. The plastic collection and recycling efficiencies were found to be 33% and 3%, respectively. The total quantity of plastics washed into the sea could have been approximated to 69,427 Mg. The per capita contribution is about 3.3 kg. With the integration of the plastic waste circular economy to the Renewable Energy Development Plan (2019–2025) of Sri Lanka, various scenarios were developed for the year 2025. Source segregation of plastic wastes, landfill mining to recover nonrecyclable plastics for energy production, and integration of formal and informal sectors are the three key recommendations to transform to a more vibrant circular economy.
Studying the heterogeneous pathogenesis of canine diabetes: Observational characterization of an island population
Authors: Brito‐Casillas Yeray , Melián Carlos , Holder Angela , Wiebe Julia C , Navarro Ana , Quesada‐Canales Óscar , Expósito‐Montesdeoca Ana B , Catchpole Brian , Wägner Ana M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCanine diabetes mellitus has mostly been studied in northern European, Australian and American populations, whereas other regions have received less attention.ObjectivesWe evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features of diabetic dogs in Gran Canaria, Spain.MethodsPrevalence and incidence were estimated. Clinical features were analysed, and serum and genomic DNA were obtained. Dogs with presumed idiopathic or immune‐mediated diabetes, were DLA‐typed and antibodies against GAD65 and IA‐2 were assessed. Pancreases from ten diabetic dogs were examined and compared with pancreases from non‐diabetic dogs.Results and conclusionsTwenty‐nine diabetic dogs were identified in a population of 5,213 (prevalence: 0.56%; incidence: 0.37%). Most were female (79%) and sexually intact (87% of females, 83% of males). Diabetes secondary to dioestrus (55.2%) and insulin‐deficient diabetes (20.7%) were the most frequent types. Antibodies against GAD65 and IA‐2 were identified in two out of five cases and DLA‐genotyping revealed novel haplotypes. Breed distribution differed between diabetic and non‐diabetic dogs. Reduced number of pancreatic islets and β‐cell mass were observed, with vacuolation of islet cells and ductal epithelium. In this population, where neutering is not standard practice, diabetes secondary to dioestrus is the most frequent diabetes subtype. Genetic susceptibility also differed from previous studies. These results support the heterogeneous pathogenesis of canine diabetes.
Outdoor microalgae‐based urban wastewater treatment: Recent advances, applications, and future perspectives
Authors: González‐Camejo Josué , Ferrer José , Seco Aurora , Barat Ramón 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough microalgae‐based wastewater treatment has been traditionally carried out in extensive waste stabilization ponds, recent trends focus on the use of microalgae to apply the circular economy principles in the wastewater treatment sector due to the capacity of algae to absorb carbon dioxide while recovering nutrients from sewage. To this aim, the development of new intensive microalgae‐based systems with higher efficiency and level of process control is required. Results obtained for these systems at lab scale are generally promising. However, upscaling to outdoor conditions is often uncertain. Some advances have been made in terms of applying open systems at large scale. However, there are still some issues related to land requirements and the economic feasibility and robustness of the process that have to be overcome to widely implement these systems. This article aims at describing the main design and operating factors regarding outdoor microalgae cultivation. It will also explain some microalgae cultivation technologies to treat wastewater, showing their advantages, disadvantages, and the possibility to treat different wastewater streams with microalgae cultures. Future perspectives of this biotechnology will be commented as well.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Engineering Water
Visibility Bias of Waterbirds During Aerial Surveys in the Nonbreeding Season
Authors: Gilbert Andrew D. , Jacques Christopher N. , Lancaster Joseph D. , Yetter Aaron P. , Hagy Heath M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAerial surveys for waterfowl and other waterbirds provide abundance estimates that are commonly used by state and federal agencies for waterfowl and wetland management. However, most existing surveys provide an index of abundance and are uncorrected for visibility bias, which may limit their use in accurately determining local population size. We used concurrent ground and aerial surveys to estimate visibility bias during cruise‐style waterfowl surveys from September through January 2014–2017 along the Illinois River Valley, Illinois, USA. Immediately before an aerial survey, a ground observer counted waterfowl and other waterbirds by species within a distinct survey area and counts were compared with aerial abundance estimates to quantify detection rate and count bias (i.e., visibility bias). Overall, waterfowl guilds had high detection rates and low count bias, resulting in low overall visibility bias (ducks, −11% [SE = 5%]; geese, −8% [SE = 3%]; swans, −5% [SE = 3%]). At the species level, visibility bias varied greatly (e.g., green‐winged teal [Anas crecca], 182% [SE = 221%]; American wigeon [Mareca americana], −74% [SE = 20%]). Group size, species prevalence, cloud cover, and temperature influenced visibility bias, but direction and magnitude of effects were variable among taxa. Low visibility bias for most guilds indicated that well‐designed, cruise‐style aerial surveys with bias estimation techniques provided reliable estimates of population size and have great utility for monitoring waterfowl and other waterbirds as part of an adaptive management framework. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Correction to: Disinformation in Open Online Media
Authors: van Duijn Max , Preuss Mike , Spaiser Viktoria , Takes Frank , Verberne Suzan 
Published: February 2021

In the original online version of the chapter 5 was previously published non-open access. It was changed to open access retrospectively under a CC BY 4.0 license and, the presentation of Table 3 was different to that of Tables 2 and 4. This has been corrected. In addition, Tables 5 - 8 have been moved from the main text to Appendix B, at the request of the authors.The original version of the chapter 11 contained an error in Table 2, which also affected Section 3.1 and the Conclusion. The original figure in Table 2 indicated that one community was retweeting from a smaller number of accounts than the other communities. A recalculation following publication showed that the community was retweeting from a pool of about the same number of accounts as the other communities. This has been updated.
Warming-up, Sociometric Selection, and Therapeutic Factors
Authors: Giacomucci Scott 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe content of this chapter is focused on the importance of the warming-up process, the sociometric selection of a group topic and protagonist, and Yalom’s therapeutic factors as they relate to psychodrama groups. The warming-up process, often overlooked, is presented as integral to the success of any experiential structure. The role of the psychodrama director is described while presenting four sub-roles—therapist, analyst, group leader/sociometrist, and producer. The importance of contracting and the initial interview at the start of a psychodrama enactment are emphasized. Each of Yalom’s therapeutic factors is introduced while identifying their significance in psychodrama practice.
Sociometric Social Work with Communities
Authors: Giacomucci Scott 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter uncovers Moreno’s often overlooked contributions to community practice through his sociometric approaches. His early work with communities is presented including in refugee camps, prisons, a reform school, and his psychiatric hospital. Brief introductions to social work with communities, therapeutic communities, and the Sanctuary Model are included. Multiple action-based sociometry processes are described with their utility for use in diverse community settings and example prompts. Sociometry processes depicted include spectrograms, locograms, floor checks, step-in sociometry, hands-on-shoulder sociograms, and the circle of strength safety structure.
Psychodrama and Social Work Theory
Authors: Giacomucci Scott 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter includes an overview of foundational psychodrama theories—action theory, catharsis, and surplus reality. The three phases of a psychodrama group (warm-up, enactment, and sharing) and the five elements of a psychodrama (stage, protagonist, director, auxiliary egos, and audience/group) are described. Morenean philosophy and sociometric theory are revisited as they relate to psychodrama. The similar elements of psychodrama theory and social work are underlined including the importance of mutual aid, spontaneity, creativity, empowerment, self-determination, interpersonal skills, relationships, group stages, and roles.