bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical Distribution of Kumadugu-Yobe River Basin Wetlands
Authors: jajere Abubakar Ahmed , Bibi Muhammad , Kibon Ado Usman , Adamu Usman 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Understanding the availability and distribution of wetlands is key to conservation, exploitation and better management of wetlands resources. The wetlands of Kumadugu-Yobe river basin are widely spread within the sedimentary formation beyond the famous Hadejia Nguru wetlands. This study identified and map out the spatial distribution of KYRB wetlands using field observation information, the basin base map, the topographical map and high resolution Google image and Advance very High Resolution spectroradiometer (AVHRS) NDVI (Normalized Vegetation Differncial Index) data of 2018, in mapping the wetlands spatial distribution pattern. The findings of the study classified the basin wetlands in to flood plain along the river banks, surface depressions ponds and Oasis. The basin wetlands are spread all over the sedimentary geological formation of the basin. The wetlands of the mid and downstream parts of KYRB are largely spread along river Yobe, river Kumadugu-Gana, small tributaries (Alaraba, Damaturu, Budum-Gana among others), famous Hadejia-Nguru wetlands, Oases at the northern parts of the river Yobe and isolated pockets of ponds. The study recommended for effective geo data base for the wetlands.
Asymmetric Cryptosystem Based on Optical Scanning Cryptography and Elliptic Curve Algorithm
Authors: Chang Xiangyu , Li Wei , Yan Aimin , Tsang Peter Wai Ming , Poon Ting-Chung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We propose an asymmetric cryptosystem based on optical scanning cryptography (OSC) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) algorithm. In the encryption stage of OSC, an object is encrypted to cosine and sine holograms by two pupil functions calculated via ECC algorithm from sender’s biometric image, which is sender’s private key. With the ECC algorithm, these holograms are encrypted to ciphertext, which is sent to the receiver. In the stage of decryption, the ciphered holograms can be decrypted by receiver’s biometric private key which is different from the sender’s private key. The approach is an asymmetric cryptosystem which solves the problem of the management and dispatch of keys in OSC and has more security strength than it. The feasibility of the proposed method has been convincingly verified by numerical and experiment results.
Genetic Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Evaluation of Three One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assays in Korea
Authors: Shin Go-Eun , Park Ji-Young , Lee Kyoung-Ki , Ko Mi-Kyeong , Ku Bok-Kyung , Park Choi-Kyu , Jeoung Hye-Young 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused huge economic losses in the global swine industry. Frequent genetic variations in this virus cause difficulties in controlling and accurately diagnosing PRRSV.
Methods

In this study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 circulating in Korea from January 2018 to September 2021 and evaluated three one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays.
Results

A total of 129 lung samples were collected, consisting of 47 samples for PRRSV-1, 62 samples for PRRSV-2, and 20 PRRSV-negative samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis of open reading frames (ORFs) 5, ORF6, and ORF7 genes from PRRSV samples showed that PRRSV-1 belonged to subgroup A (43/47, 91.49%) and subgroup C (4/47, 8.51%), whereas PRRSV-2 was classified as lineage 1 (25/62, 40.32%), Korean lineage (Kor) C (13/62, 20.97%), Kor B (10/62, 16.13%), lineage 5 (9/62, 14.52%), and Kor A (5/62, 8.06%). Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the neutralizing epitope and T cell epitope of PRRSV-1, and the decoy epitope region and hypervariable regions of PRRSV-2 had evolved under positive selection pressure. In particular, the key amino acid substitutions were found at positions 102 and 104 of glycoprotein 5 (GP5) in some PRRSV-2, and at positions 10 and 70 of membrane protein (M) in most PRRSV-2. In addition, one-step real-time RT-PCR assays, comprising two commercial tests and one test recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), were evaluated.
Conclusion

The results revealed that two of the real-time RT-PCR assays had high sensitivities and specificities, whereas the real-time RT-PCR assay of the OIE had low sensitivity due to mismatches between nucleotides of Korean PRRSVs and forward primers. In this study, we genetically characterized recent PRRSV occurrences and evaluated three one-step real-time RT-PCR assays used in Korea.
Continuous Maize Cropping Accelerates Loss of Soil Organic Matter in Northern Thailand as Revealed by Natural 13C Abundance
Authors: Fujii Kazumichi , Mitani Risako , Inagaki Yoshiyuki , Hayakawa Chie , Shibata Makoto , Kosaki Takashi , Ueda Miki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
AimsThe loss of soil organic matter (SOM) has widely been reported in the tropics after changing land use from shifting cultivation to continuous cropping. We tested whether continuous maize cultivation accelerates SOM loss compared to upland rice and forest fallow. Methods: Because litter sources include C4 plants (maize in maize fields and Imperata grass in upland rice fields) in Thailand, C3-derived and C4-derived SOM can be traced using the differences in natural 13C abundance (δ13C) between C3 and C4 plants. We analyzed the effects of land use history (cultivation or forest fallow period) on C stocks in the surface soil. Soil C stocks decreased with the cultivation period in both upland rice and maize fields. ResultsThe rate of soil organic carbon loss was higher in maize fields than in upland rice fields. The decomposition rate constant (first order kinetics) of C3-plant-derived SOM was higher in the maize fields than in the upland rice fields and the C4-plant-derived SOM in the forest fallow. Soil surface exposure and low input of root-derived C in the maize fields are considered to accelerate SOM loss. Soil C stocks increased with the forest fallow period, consistent with the slow decomposition of C4-plant-derived SOM in the forest fallows. ConclusionsContinuous maize cultivation accelerates SOM loss, while forest fallow and upland rice cultivation could mitigate the SOM loss caused by continuous maize cultivation.
Mechanical Ventilation with Dynamic Compliance-Guided Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Laparoscopic Surgery with Trendelenburg Positioning: A Eandomised Controlled Study
Authors: Wang Yun , Wang Huijuan , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Hong , Li Shitong , Chen Lianhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The intraoperative cardiorespiratory effect of ventilation with individualised positive end-expiratory pressure guided by dynamic compliance (Cdyn) remains undefined. We investigated whether individualised protective ventilation would protect the heart and lung more efficiently than standard protective ventilation during abdominal laparoscopic surgery with Trendelenburg positioning.METHODS: Forty patients undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into two groups: Group T (titrimetric PEEP) and Group I (intentional PEEP, 5 cmH2O). Parameters of right ventricular function were measured via transoesophageal echocardiography, including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), early filling-to-late filling ratio of the right ventricle, and right ventricular end-diastolic area/left ventricular end-diastolic area (RVEDA/LVEDA) ratio. Cdyn, driving pressure (∆P), ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT), and partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspiratory oxygen fraction (PF) ratio were measured during mechanical ventilation.RESULTS: The RVEDA/LVEDA ratio in all patients increased significantly at T2 compared with T0, but there were no significant differences in TAPSE or E/A ratio between groups during the whole procedure (P>0.05). Cdyn, ∆P, and VD/VT ratios in Group T were significantly improved compared to those in Group I at T2 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the PF ratio between groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative lung-protective ventilation with Cdyn-guided PEEP improved Cdyn, ∆P, and VD/VT ratio without obvious side effects on right ventricular function compared to standard protective ventilation during laparoscopic surgery with Trendelenburg positioning, which suggests that it is a circulation-friendly way to titrate PEEP for intraoperative lung protective ventilation.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration date: 13/09/2020; Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000038212.
A Prognostic Model of Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Based On Sarcopenia
Authors: Peng Hong , Zhang Qian , Lei Siyi , Xiong Tingting , Long Li , Xiong Yan , Zhang Liulu , Zheng Jinding , Luo Xinhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by the development of a syndrome associated with a high risk of short-term death in patients with acute decompensated cirrhosis, and better biomarkers are needed to predict such outcomes. Sarcopenia, a common complication of cirrhosis, is tightly associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality. In this study, the skeletal muscle index of ACLF patients was measured to determine whether sarcopenia combined with clinical parameters helps in identifying those at high risk of progression.
Methods

A total of 314 hospitalized ACLF patients were included and allocated into groups of transplantation-free survival (n = 214) or progression (n = 100) within 90 days. Muscle mass was assessed based on the skeletal muscle index. The optimal cutoff value of the AMPAS1 model (age, MELD score, platelet count, alpha-fetoprotein level, sarcopenia and more than one complication combination) for progressive prediction was identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Results

Sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for progression in the ACLF population (HR 3.705 95%CI 2.131-6.441, P<0.001). AMPAS1 was a good predictor, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.908, and the cutoff value for poor outcome prediction was 0.21 (sensitivity 93.2%, specificity 71.1%).
Conclusion

We demonstrate that sarcopenia is a simple and objective biomarker for predicting short-term prognosis in patients with ACLF. Moreover, compared to conventional prognostic scores, AMPAS1 is a better model to predict 90-day adverse outcomes in ACLF patients.
An Efficient Method of Pennisetum x Advena ‘Rubrum’ Seedlings Production Using Temporary Immersion Bioreactor and Agar Cultures
Authors: Pożoga Mariusz , Olewnicki Dawid , Wójcik-Gront Elżbieta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to propose an efficient method of Pennisetum x advena ‘Rubrum’ micropropagation. Agar cultures with MS medium supplemented with BAP in various concentrations (0.5 mg/L-2 mg/L) and a temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIS) with liquid medium MS with an addition of 1 mg/L BAP were used. For rooting ½ MS medium with different auxin combinations (IBA, NAA) and activated charcoal was utilized. The most efficient method turned out to be TIS which produced 36.9 new plants in four weeks. The seedlings were slender in shape, bright green in colour with no signs of hyperhydricity. The most suitable agar medium produced 19.5 new plants in an eight week period. Rooting should be carried on ½ MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L NAA with an 84% rooting rate. The addition of activated charcoal inhibited rooting.
Cytogenetic Testing by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Is Improved by Plasma Cell Sorting in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ha Jihye , Cho Hyunsoo , Lee Taek Gyu , Shin Saeam , Chung Haerim , Jang Ji Eun , Kim Soo-Jeong , Cheong June-Won , Lee Seung-Tae , Kim Jin Seok , Choi Jong Rak 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Accurate detection of cytogenetic abnormalities has become more important for improving risk-adapted treatment strategies in multiple myeloma (MM). However, precise cytogenetic testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is challenged by the dilution effect of bone marrow specimens and poor growth of plasma cells ex vivo. To address these issues, we compared the performances of three different enrichment modalities for FISH: direct FISH, fluorescence immunophenotyping and interphase cytogenetics as a tool for the investigation of neoplasms (FICTION) technique, and a plasma cell sorting FISH with fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). We examined cytogenetic abnormalities in bone marrow cells of 493 patients with newly diagnosed MM and compared the efficacy of each modality. FISH disclosed cytogenetic abnormalities in 38.0% of samples by direct FISH, 56.3% by FICTION, and 95.5% by FACS-FISH, and the percentage of cells with abnormal signals detected by FISH was higher by FACS-FISH than direct FISH or FICTION. Our results suggest that the efficacy of FISH is dependent on the plasma cell enrichment modalities and reveal that plasma cell sorting FISH with FACS enables better detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in diagnostic MM samples with low plasma cell frequency.
Investigation of Patient Satisfaction with Education in a Biosimilar Multiswitch Scenario - A Comparison Between Rheumatologists and Nurse Specialists
Authors: Gall Sabina , Kiltz Uta , Kobylinski Tanja , Andreica Ioana , Vaupel Kristina , Waldecker Christoph , Baraliakos Xenofon , Braun Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this project was to understand patients’ knowledge and opinion about biosimilars and to evaluate patient satisfaction with care after education on multiswitching of biosimilars (bsDMARDs) by rheumatologists in comparison to nurse specialists. Adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis or psoriatic arthritis who underwent a non-medical switch to the adalimumab biosimilar MSB 11022 were randomized into a group in which information about multiswitching of bsDMARDs was provided by a nurse specialist or a rheumatologist. Validated outcome tools and standardized parameters for assessment of disease activity and function were used at baseline and 12 weeks after switching. Patients’ satisfaction with care was assessed by the Leeds Satisfaction Questionnaire. A structured questionnaire was used to assess patient’s knowledge. A total of 102 patients was randomized, 40 were seen by the rheumatologist (39.2%) and 62 by the nurse (60.8%). Fifty patients (49%) had already undergone one and 52 multiple switches (51%). Less than one third of patients was able to correctly answer questions on manufacturing, effectiveness, clinical trial evidence and cost of bsDMARDs. Patients were generally satisfied with care irrespective of whether the information had been given by the nurse or the rheumatologist. No difference in outcomes was seen.Patient satisfaction and outcomes after education about bsDMARDs and switching by nurses and rheumatologists were similarly good. The number of switches did not have a negative impact on patient satisfaction.
Early Initiation of Breastfeeding up to Six Months and Breastfeeding Experience of Mothers who had Cesarean Section: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ulfa Yunefit , MARUYAMA Naoko , IGARASHI Yumiko , HORIUCHI Shigeko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding is a gold nutritional feeding for the infant for optimal growth and development. Early initiation of breastfeeding is an important initial step for successful continuing breastfeeding. Cesarean section (C-section) has been reported to have negative effects on early initiation of breastfeeding. However, no current literature summarized the breastfeeding rate after C-section and vaginal delivery globally. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to systematically collect, assess, and map the existing literature regarding the rate and experience of breastfeeding of mothers after C-section.Design: We conducted a scoping review in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement.Methods: We performed an electronic database search on Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO on March 16, 2021. The inclusion criteria were (a) research, experiential, and case reports; (b) reports on the rate of breastfeeding after C-section and vaginal delivery; (c) qualitative studies on the experience of breastfeeding after C-section.Results: The search identified 4635 potentially relevant articles. After screening, 27 articles (24 quantitative and three qualitative studies) were included in the scoping review from 1990 to 2020. Most studies reported a higher breastfeeding rate in mothers who had vaginal delivery than in mothers who had C-Section at breastfeeding initiation, hospital discharge, one month, three months, and six months postoperatively. A large difference in breastfeeding rate was found at early breastfeeding initiation between the vaginal delivery and C-section groups. Most studies showed a breastfeeding rate of more than 30% at late breastfeeding initiation, one month, and three months after C-section. A mother’s physical discomfort, low self-efficacy, and lack of knowledge, and the insufficient support from healthcare providers were identified as breastfeeding barriers after C-section.Conclusions: The rate of breastfeeding after C-section has remained low to date. Lack of breastfeeding knowledge and insufficient healthcare provider support after C-section are the common underlying issues. Approaches to enhance breastfeeding must be developed and consistently implemented.
A Model for Simulating Emergent Patterns of Cities and Roads on Real-world Landscapes
Authors: Aoki Takaaki , Fujiwara Naoya , Fricker Mark , Nakagaki Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Emergence of cities and road networks have characterised human activity and movement over millennia. However, this anthropogenic infrastructure does not develop in isolation, but is deeply embedded in the natural landscape, which strongly influences the resultant spatial patterns. Nevertheless, the precise impact that landscape has on the location, size and connectivity of cities is a long-standing, unresolved problem. To address this issue, we incorporate high-resolution topographic maps into a Turing-like pattern forming system, in which local reinforcement rules result in co-evolving centres of population and transport networks. Using Italy as a case study, we show that the model constrained solely by topography results in an emergent spatial pattern that is consistent with Zipf’s Law and comparable to the census data. Thus, we infer the natural landscape may play a dominant role in establishing the baseline macro-scale population pattern, that is then modified by higher-level historical, socio-economic or cultural factors.
Numerical Simulation of Crack Propagation of Architecture Glass Under Explosion and Impact Load
Authors: Wang Mufei , Li Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Crack initiation and propagation is a long-standing difficulty in solid mechanics, especially for elastic-brittle material. To explore the damage and crack propagation behavior of architectural glass under different type of loads, the element deletion (ED), discontinuous Galerkin peridynamics (DG-PD) and meshless peridynamics (M-PD) methods are studied. Taking the architecture glass as an example, the crack propagation behavior under the bullet impact and explosion load are studied. The JH-2 material model is used in the ED method, and the maximum principal stress and maximum principal strain failure criteria are applied at the same time. In the DG-PD method, it conducts a node separation operation and imposes the criterion of the critical energy release rate. The M-PD method adopts a self-programmed particle discretization method and imposes a criterion of critical elongation. Three methods can simulate the crack growth behavior of glass material, but the PD method has great advantages in detail, such as crack bifurcation and penetration. For low-velocity bullets, the failure behavior of glass all shows cross-shaped cracks in different methods. The splashing of elements or particles appears in the two PD methods, but the particle splashing of the M-PD method is more obvious, and the DG-PD method captures the crack bifurcation effect better. For the failure behavior of glass under explosive loading, the PD method is obviously better than the ED method in terms of modal appearance. However, in the mechanical behavior of specific elements, the two methods have a high degree of agreement.
Indication of Social Buffering in Disbudded Calves
Authors: Bučková Katarína , Moravcsíková Ágnes , Šárová Radka , Rajmon Radko , Špinka Marek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Most dairy calves are housed individually in their early ontogeny but there is an increasing interest in housing calves socially. Social housing has many positive effects on calf welfare including an advantage of social buffering, i.e., when negative effects of stress are mitigated through social support of familiar conspecific. So far, social buffering has not been tested in relation to stress after disbudding, a painful husbandry procedure performed in young calves. Therefore, the effect of pair versus individual housing on calves’ reaction to disbudding was investigated. In total 50 female calves housed either individually (n= 14) or in pairs (n= 36, 18 focal) were used. Calves were hot-iron disbudded with a local anesthetic and their behavior in home pens was recorded 24 h pre- and post-disbudding. Feeding, ruminating, resting, exploration, play, self-grooming, and pain-related behaviors were quantified during eight 20 min intervals during the 24 h periods pre- and post-disbudding. In pair-housed (PAIR) calves social resting, active and passive allo-grooming were additionally recorded. Concentrate intake was measured 24 h pre- and post-disbudding. The changes of pre- and post- disbudding behaviors as well as differences between individually housed (INDI) and PAIR calves were tested by general linear models. The differences in pre- and post-disbudding behaviors of PAIR calves were tested by paired t-test. We found that head rubbing (t=-5.14, P<0.0001) and head shaking (t=-3.33, P=0.004) increased after disbudding. Feeding increased only in PAIR calves (t=-2.95, P=0.016) which also resulted in a difference between treatments with PAIR calves fed more than INDI calves (F1,18=12.27, P=0.003). We did not find any other significant differences. Our results provide the first evidence that housing treatment affects calves' reactions to disbudding, with possible indication of social buffering.
Long-Term Outcomes of Conventional And Novel Steroid Replacement Therapy On Bone Health In Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Guarnotta Valentina , Stefano Claudia Di , Giordano Carla 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) and conventional glucocorticoids (GCs) on bone metabolism in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI).Methods: Thirty-five patients with PAI maintained conventional GCs (group A), while other 35 were switched to DR-HC (group B). At baseline and after 18, 36 and 60 months of conventional GCs and DR-HC treatment, the clinical and bone metabolic parameters were evaluated. Results: After 60 months of follow-up, patients in group A had a significant increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=0.004) and Waist Circumference (WC) (p=0.026) and a significant decrease in osteocalcin (p=0.002), bone alkaline phosphatase (p=0.029), lumbar spine bone mass density (BMD) T and Z scores (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) than baseline. By contrast, patients in group B had a significant decrease in WC (p=0.047) and increase in bone alkaline phosphatase (p=0.019), lumbar spine BMD T score (p=0.032), femoral neck BMD T and Z scores (p=0.023 and p=0.036, respectively) than baseline. Conclusions: Long-term conventional steroid replacement therapy is associated with a decrease in BMD, notably at lumbar spine, and an increase in vertebral fractures rate. By contrast, DR-HC treatment is associated with improvement of BMD.