bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing the evolutionary timescales of the massive star formation process through chemistry
Authors: Sabatini G. , Bovino S. , Giannetti A. , Grassi T. , Brand J. , Schisano E. , Wyrowski F. , Leurini S. , Menten K. M. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Understanding the details of the formation process of massive (i.e.M≳ 8–10M⊙) stars is a long-standing problem in astrophysics. They form and evolve very quickly, and almost their entire formation process takes place deeply embedded in their parental clumps. Together with the fact that these objects are rare and at a relatively large distance, this makes observing them very challenging.Aims.We present a method for deriving accurate timescales of the evolutionary phases of the high-mass star formation process.Methods.We modelled a representative number of massive clumps of the ATLASGAL-TOP100 sample that cover all the evolutionary stages. The models describe an isothermal collapse and the subsequent warm-up phase, for which we followed the chemical evolution. The timescale of each phase was derived by comparing the results of the models with the properties of the sources of the ATLASGAL-TOP100 sample, taking into account the mass and luminosity of the clumps, and the column densities of methyl acetylene (CH3CCH), acetonitrile (CH3CN), formaldehyde (H2CO), and methanol (CH3OH).Results.We find that the molecular tracers we chose are affected by the thermal evolution of the clumps, showing steep ice evaporation gradients from 103to 105AU during the warm-up phase. We succeed in reproducing the observed column densities of CH3CCH and CH3CN, but H2CO and CH3OH agree less with the observed values. The total (massive) star formation time is found to be ~5.2 × 105yr, which is defined by the timescales of the individual evolutionary phases of the ATLASGAL-TOP100 sample: ~5 × 104yr for 70-μm weak, ~1.2 × 105yr for mid-IR weak, ~2.4 × 105yr for mid-IR bright, and ~1.1 × 105yr for HII-region phases.Conclusions.With an appropriate selection of molecular tracers that can act as chemical clocks, our model allows obtaining robust estimates of the duration of the individual phases of the high-mass star formation process. It also has the advantage of being capable of including additional tracers aimed at increasing the accuracy of the estimated timescales.
Torsional-rotational spectrum of doubly deuterated dimethyl ether (CH3OCHD2)
Authors: Richard C. , Jørgensen J. K. , Margulès L. , Motiyenko R. A. , Guillemin J.-C. , Groner P. 
Published: June 2021

Context. In 2013, we published the first rotational analysis and detection of mono-deuterated dimethyl ether in the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422 with the IRAM 30 m telescope. Dimethyl ether is one of the most abundant complex organic molecules in star-forming regions, and its D-to-H (D/H) ratios are important to understand its chemistry and trace the source history.
Aims. We present the first analysis of doubly deuterated dimethyl ether (methoxy-d2-methane, 1,1-dideuteromethylether) in its ground-vibrational state, based on an effective Hamiltonian for an asymmetric rotor molecule with internal rotors. The analysis covers the frequency range 0.15–1.5 THz.
Methods. The laboratory rotational spectrum of this species was measured between 150 and 1500 GHz with Lille’s submillimeter spectrometer. For the astronomical detection, we used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations from the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey.
Results. New sets of spectroscopic parameters have been determined by a least squares fit with the ERHAM code for both symmetric and asymmetric conformers. As for the mono-deuterated species, these parameters have permitted the first identification in space of both conformers of a doubly deuterated dimethyl ether via detection near the B component of the Class 0 protostar IRAS 16293-2422.
Solar energetic particle heavy ion properties in the widespread event of 2020 November 29
Authors: Mason G. M. , Cohen C. M. S. , Ho G. C. , Mitchell D. G. , Allen R. C. , Hill M. E. , Andrews G. B. , Berger L. , Boden S. , Böttcher S. , Cernuda I. , Christian E. R. , Cummings A. C. , Davis A. J. , Desai M. I. , de Nolfo G. A. , Eldrum S. , Elftmann R. , Kollhoff A. , Giacalone J. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Hayes J. , Janitzek N. P. , Joyce C. J. , Korth A. , Kühl P. , Kulkarni S. R. , Labrador A. W. , Espinosa Lara F. , Lees W. J. , Leske R. A. , Mall U. , Martin C. , Martínez Hellín A. , Matthaeus W. H. , McComas D. J. , McNutt R. L. , Mewaldt R. A. , Mitchell J. G. , Pacheco D. , Parra Espada P. , Prieto M. , Rankin J. S. , Ravanbakhsh A. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Rodríguez Polo O. , Roelof E. C. , Sánchez-Prieto S. , Schlemm C. E. , Schwadron N. A. , Seifert H. , Stone E. C. , Szalay J. R. , Terasa J. C. , Tyagi K. , Freiherr von Forstner J. L. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Xu Z. G. , Yedla M. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Following a multi-year minimum of solar activity, a solar energetic particle event on 2020 Nov. 29 was observed by multiple spacecraft covering a wide range of solar longitudes including ACE, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-A, and the recently launched Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.Aims.Multi-point observations of a solar particle event, combined with remote-sensing imaging of flaring, shocks, and coronal mass ejections allows for a global picture of the event to be synthesized, and made available to the modeling community to test, constrain, and refine models of particle acceleration and transport according to such parameters as shock geometries and particle mass-to-charge ratios.Methods.Detailed measurements of heavy ion intensities, time dependence, fluences, and spectral slopes provided the required test data for this study.Results.The heavy ion abundances, timing, and spectral forms for this event fall well within the range found in prior surveys at 1 au. The spectra were well fitted by broken power law shapes; the Fe/O ratio was somewhat lower than the average of other events. In addition,3He/4He was very low, with only the upper limits established here.
Informationsbedarf Komplementärmedizin in der
Onkologie
Authors: Klose Petra , Voiß Petra , Kümmel Sherko , Dobos Gustav , Witt Claudia M. , Lange Silke 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGOnkologisch tätige Ärzte und Ärztinnen vermeiden es
häufig, mit ihren Patienten das Thema komplementäre Therapien
anzuschneiden, da sie sich selbst nicht ausreichend informiert fühlen.
Das kann sich ungünstig auf die langfristige Interaktion zwischen Arzt
und onkologisch Erkranktem auswirken, der – so besagen es die Zahlen
– höchstwahrscheinlich genau über diese Themen kompetent
informiert werden möchte. Um diesem Bedürfnis nachzukommen,
stellen sich dem Mediziner also drei Fragen: Woher bekomme ich
verlässliche und fundierte Informationen, wie kommuniziere ich mein
Wissen und gebe Empfehlungen und was möchte ich möglicherweise
selbst an komplementärmedizinischen Therapien anbieten? In diesem
Artikel werden die wichtigsten deutschsprachigen Informationsplattformen,
Weiterbildungsprogramme für Onkologen und Ausbildungskurse diverser
komplementärmedizinischer Therapien vorgestellt.
DNVF-Diskussionspapier – Besonderheiten, Herausforderungen und Ziele der Versorgungsforschung im Feld der seelischen Gesundheit
Authors: Schwarz Julian , von Peter Sebastian , Baumeister Harald , Dahling Volker , Gühne Uta , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Euphrosyne , Härter Martin , Haun Markus W. , Jacke Christian , Lehmann Isabell , Neumann Anne , Pfennig Andrea , Salize Hans-Joachim , Timm Stephanie , Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Heinze Martin 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungVersorgungsforschung im Feld der seelischen Gesundheit ist von zunehmender Bedeutung. Angesichts dieser Entwicklung hat die im Oktober 2017 gegründete DNVF Fachgruppe „Seelische Gesundheit“ ein Diskussionspapier verfasst, welches zentrale Besonderheiten, Herausforderungen und Ziele der Versorgungsforschung im Bereich der seelischen Gesundheit zusammenfasst. Im Einzelnen werden forschungsrelevante Besonderheiten des Versorgungsfeldes, pragmatische Probleme bei der Forschungsorganisation, ethische Herausforderungen und für dieses Feld besondere Themenstellungen vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Morbidity and quality of life in patients with vulvar cancer after inguinal sentinel lymphadenectomy compared to radical inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy
Authors: Thangarajah Fabinshy , Rogeé Kristina , Pahmeyer Caroline , Kuhr Kathrin , Schmidt Matthias , Fridrich Claudius , Morgenstern Bernd 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim Probability of survival of patients with vulvar cancer directly depends on the lymph node status. Surgery of lymph nodes can be performed as radical inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy or in cases with certain conditions as sentinel lymph node surgery. The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of the intervention-related morbidity and quality of life in patients with vulvar carcinoma after lymphadenectomy.
Methods Quality of life and morbidity was compared between patients who underwent radical inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy with those who underwent sentinel lymph node surgery.
Results All recorded postoperative complications occur more frequently in the non-sentinel group, Significant difference was shown for the occurrence of lymphedema (p-value = 0.024) and sensitivity loss (p-value = 0.024). Recurrence of disease was more frequent in the non-sentinel group (38 % vs. 20 %, p = 0.621, n.s.) and satisfaction with groin surgery is slightly higher in the sentinel group (94 % vs. 89 %, p = 1.000, n.s.).
Conclusion We could demonstrate a significantly lower morbidity of sentinel lymphadenectomy compared to conventional inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy while maintaining the same oncological safety. The low morbidity of sentinel- lymphadenectomy does not seem to influence the postoperative quality of life significantly. However, recording of the individual burden of lymphadenectomy by questionnaires should be optimized.
Resistin is Associated with Inflammation and Renal Function, but not with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rzepa Łukasz , Peller Michał , Eyileten Ceren , Rosiak Marek , Kondracka Agnieszka , Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara , Opolski Grzegorz , Filipiak Krzysztof J. , Postuła Marek , Kapłon-Cieslicka Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the association of adipokines (resistin, leptin and adiponectin) with obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 284 patients with T2DM were included. Concentrations of resistin, leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] were measured and homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) index was calculated. Resistin correlated negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and positively with hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and white blood cell count (WBC). Leptin correlated positively with HOMA-IR, whereas adiponectin correlated negatively. Leptin also correlated positively with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, IL-6, WBC and negatively with eGFR. Adiponectin correlated negatively with waist circumference, WBC, and eGFR. Multivariate logistic regression indicated lower eGFR and higher WBC and IL-6 as independent predictive factors of resistin concentration above the upper quartile (CAQ3), whereas female sex and higher BMI and HOMA-IR of leptin CAQ3, and lower HOMA-IR and older age of adiponectin CAQ3. In conclusion, in contrast to leptin and adiponectin, in T2DM patients, resistin is not associated with BMI and IR, but with inflammation and worse kidney function.
Regulatory Perspectives of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Herbal Medicinal Products
Authors: Wiesner Jacqueline 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe toxicity of plants containing certain pyrrolizidine alkaloids has long been recognized in grazing animals and humans. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity data from in vitro and in vivo (animal) studies were published over the last few decades for some of the 1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids, leading to regulatory action on herbal medicinal products with pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants more than 30 years ago. In recent years, it has become evident that in addition to herbal medicinal products containing pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants, these products may also contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids without actually including pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants. This is explained by contamination by accessory herbs (weeds). The national competent authorities of the European member states and the European Medicines Agency, in this case, the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products, reacted to these findings by setting limits for all herbal
medicinal products. This review article will briefly discuss the data leading to the establishment of thresholds and the regulatory developments and consequences, as well as the current discussions and research in this area.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for an Integrated and Equitable Approach: An International Expert Consensus Paper
Authors: Gerotziafas Grigoris T. , Catalano Mariella , Theodorou Yiannis , Dreden Patrick Van , Marechal Vincent , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Carter Charles , Jabeen Nusrat , Harenberg Job , Elalamy Ismail , Falanga Anna , Fareed Jawed , Agathaggelou Petros , Antic Darko , Antignani Pier Luigi , Bosch Manuel Monreal , Brenner Benjamin , Chekhonin Vladimir , Colgan Mary-Paula , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Douketis Jim , Elnazar Essam Abo , Farkas Katalin , Fazeli Bahare , Fowkes Gerry , Gu Yongquan , Gligorov Joseph , Ligocki Mark A. , Indran Tishya , Kannan Meganathan , Kantarcioglu Bulent , Kasse Abdoul Aziz , Konstantinidis Kostantinos , Leivano Fabio , Lewis Joseph , Makatsariya Alexander , Mbaye P Massamba , Mahé Isabelle , Panovska-Stavridis Irina , Olinic Dan-Mircea , Papageorgiou Chryssa , Pecsvarady Zsolt , Pillon Sergio , Ramacciotti Eduardo , Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Sabbah Michele , Sassi Mouna , Schernthaner Gerit , Siddiqui Fakiha , Shiomura Jin , Slama-Schwok Anny , Wautrecht Jean Claude , Tafur Alfonso , Taher Ali , Klein-Wegel Peter , Zhai Zenguo , Zoubida Tazi Mezalek ,   Scientific Reviewer Committee
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background One year after the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and despite the implementation of mandatory physical barriers and social distancing, humanity remains challenged by a long-lasting and devastating public health crisis.
Management Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are efficient mitigation strategies. The success of these NPIs is dependent on the approval and commitment of the population. The launch of a mass vaccination program in many countries in late December 2020 with mRNA vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines has generated hope for the end of the pandemic.
Current Issues The continuous appearance of new pathogenic viral strains and the ability of vaccines to prevent infection and transmission raise important concerns as we try to achieve community immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. The need of a second and even third generation of vaccines has already been acknowledged by the WHO and governments.
Perspectives There is a critical and urgent need for a balanced and integrated strategy for the management of the COVID-19 outbreaks organized on three axes: (1) Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) Detection and early diagnosis of patients at risk of disease worsening, and (3) Anticipation of medical care (PDA).
Conclusion The “PDA strategy” integrated into state policy for the support and expansion of health systems and introduction of digital organizations (i.e., telemedicine, e-Health, artificial intelligence, and machine-learning technology) is of major importance for the preservation of citizens' health and life world-wide.
Absolute Asymmetric Catalysis, from Concept to Experiment: A Narrative
Authors: Crusats Joaquim , Moyano Albert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe generally accepted hypothesis to explain the origin of biological homochirality (that is to say, the fact that proteinogenic amino acids are left-handed, and carbohydrates right-handed, in all living beings) is to assume, in the course of prebiotic chemical evolution, the appearance of an initial enantiomeric excess in a set of chiral molecular entities by spontaneous mirror-symmetry breaking (SMSB), together with suitable amplification and replication mechanisms that overcome the thermodynamic drive to racemization. However, the achievement of SMSB in chemical reactions taking place in solution requires highly specific reaction networks showing nonlinear dynamics based on enantioselective autocatalysis, and examples of its experimental realization are very rare. On the other hand, emergence of net supramolecular chirality by SMSB in the self-assembly of achiral molecules has been seen to occur in several instances, and the chirality sign of the resulting supramolecular system can be controlled by the action of macroscopic chiral forces. These considerations led us to propose a new mechanism for the generation of net chirality in molecular systems, in which the SMSB takes place in the formation of chiral supramolecular dissipative structures from achiral monomers, leading to asymmetric imbalances in their composition that are subsequently transferred to a standard enantioselective catalytic reaction, dodging in this way the highly limiting requirement of finding suitable reactions in solution that show enantio­selective autocatalysis. We propose the name ‘absolute asymmetric catalysis’ for this approach, in which an achiral monomer is converted into a nonracemic chiral aggregate that is generated with SMSB and that is catalytically active.Our aim in this Account is to present a step-by-step narrative of the conceptual and experimental development of this hitherto unregarded, but prebiotically plausible, mechanism for the emergence of net chirality in molecular reactions.1	Introduction: The Origin of Biological Homochirality and Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking2	Experimental Chemical Models for Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking: The Soai Reaction and Beyond3	Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking in Supramolecular Chemistry: Plenty of Room at the Top4	Absolute Asymmetric Catalysis: An Alternative Mechanism for the Emergence of Net Chirality in Molecular Systems
5	Experimental Realization of Top-Down Chirality Transfer to the	Molecular Level6	Conclusions and Outlook
Repair of a Chronic Triceps Tendon Rupture in a Dog Using an Autogenous Thoracolumbar Fascia Onlay Graft
Authors: Wood Christopher J. , Cashmore Ricky G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 5-year-old 38 kg entire male German Shepherd dog was referred for persistent non-weight bearing left thoracic limb lameness 5 weeks following failed triceps tendon repair. Physical exam revealed complete incompetence of the triceps mechanism with a large palpable defect proximal to the olecranon and when the shoulder was fixed in extension, the elbow could be fully flexed. A purulent draining tract was present on the caudolateral aspect of the distal brachium. Staged tendon repair was delayed until resolution of infection to allow for improved healing. Culture following surgical exploration of the traumatized area with resection of sinus tract and interposed fibro-granulomatous tissue yielded no growth. Definitive triceps brachii tendon repair was augmented with an autogenous thoracolumbar fascia onlay graft. Postoperatively, the repair was protected with a spica splint and the left thoracic limb immobilized with the elbow maintained in an extended position for 6 weeks. Re-evaluation 7 months later revealed the patient to be free of lameness. Disruption of the triceps brachii tendon is a rarely reported tendon injury with chronic disruption of triceps tendon associated with a guarded prognosis. To the authors knowledge, successful surgical repair of tendinous injury incorporating the use of an autogenous thoracolumbar fascia onlay graft has not previously been described.
Impact of Hand Hygiene on Hospital-Acquired Infection Rate in Neuro Trauma ICU at a Level 1 Trauma Center in the National Capital Region of India
Authors: Boora Sandeep , Singh Parul , Dhakal Roshni , Victor Dennis , Gunjiyal Jacinta , Lathwal Amit , Mathur Purva 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Compliance to hand hygiene (HH) is an important measure in preventing infections to patients in health-care settings. Wellness and safety of patients and health-care workers (HCWs) can be achieved by promoting best practices in infection control through education and advocacy.
Aims and Objectives To assess the compliance to HH among all cadres of HCWs and its association with hospital-acquired infection (HAI) in patients.
Materials and Methods A prospective, observational study was conducted for a period of 5 years (January 2014 to December 2018) in Neuro Trauma intensive care unit. A standard checklist based on World Health Organization’s 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene was used as a tool to measure the HH compliance.
Results HAI rate was found to be directly proportional to the compliance to HH. Reduction in HAI rates was reported when there was an increase in HH compliance. HAI of 4.25% was found to be lowest in the year 2015 with the compliance to HH of 63.65%. The HH compliance was also found to be highest (64.63%) in the year 2016 followed by 64.12% in the year 2017. During this period HAI rates were 4.35% and 4.8%, respectively. When the HH compliance declined in the year 2018 to 53.95%, there was an increase in the rate of HAI to 6.9%.
Conclusion It could be concluded that HH compliance was associated with the decrease in HAIs. HH could be a simple and cost-effective method in the prevention of HAIs.
Factors Predicting the Recurrence of Febrile Seizure in Siloam General Hospital: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Octavius Gilbert S. , Handoko Tan G. H. , Budiputri Charista L. , Muljono Michelle P. , Juliansen Andry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFebrile seizure (FS) is one of the most common pediatric neurologic disorders, affecting 2 to 5% of children between 6 months and 5 years. In 2008 to 2010, almost half of children with FS in Indonesia experienced recurrences. Various factors have been related to potential predictors for FS recurrence. However, available data reported inconsistent results. Considering its high recurrence rate, this study aimed to determine and assess the factors predicting the recurrence of FS. A cross-sectional study was done in Siloam General Hospital, Lippo Village. The study period was from December 2018 to December 2019, and data were obtained through medical records. Out of 60 participants, 41.7% had recurrent FS. No administration of rectal diazepam before admission (odds ratio [OR] = 6.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–34.2, p = 0.027) was a predictive factor of recurrent FS, while female sex (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.64–0.80, p = 0.025) and shorter duration of the first FS (OR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.06–0.69, p = 0.008) were protective factors of recurrent FS. Identification of factors predicting the recurrence of FS is a powerful tool for clinicians. This study showed that no administration of rectal diazepam before admission was correlated with the risk of FS recurrence, while shorter duration of FS and female sex were protective factors of recurrent FS.