bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static reservoir modeling using stochastic method: a case study of the cretaceous sequence of Gamtoos Basin, Offshore, South Africa
Authors: Ayodele O. L. , Chatterjee T. K. , Opuwari M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGamtoos Basin is an echelon sub-basin under the Outeniqua offshore Basin of South Africa. It is a complex rift-type basin with both onshore and offshore components and consists of relatively simple half-grabens bounded by a major fault to the northeast. This study is mainly focused on the evaluation of the reservoir heterogeneity of the Valanginian depositional sequence. The prime objective of this work is to generate a 3D static reservoir model for a better understanding of the spatial distribution of discrete and continuous reservoir properties (porosity, permeability, and water saturation). The methodology adopted in this work includes the integration of 2D seismic and well-log data. These data were used to construct 3D models of lithofacies, porosity, permeability, and water saturation through petrophysical analysis, upscaling, Sequential Indicator Simulation, and Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithms, respectively. Results indicated that static reservoir modeling adequately captured reservoir geometry and spatial properties distribution. In this study, the static geocellular model delineates lithology into three facies: sandstone, silt, and shale. Petrophysical models were integrated with facies within the reservoir to identify the best location that has the potential to produce hydrocarbon. The statistical analysis model revealed sandstone is the best facies and that the porosity, permeability, and water saturation ranges between 8 and 22%, 0.1 mD (< 1.0 mD) to 1.0 mD, and 30–55%. Geocellular model results showed that the northwestern part of the Gamtoos Basin has the best petrophysical properties, followed by the central part of the Basin. Findings from this study have provided the information needed for further gas exploration, appraisal, and development programs in the Gamtoos Basin.
Characteristics of patients with cancer in European long-term care facilities
Authors: Villani Emanuele Rocco , Fusco Domenico , Franza Laura , Onder Graziano , Bernabei Roberto , Colloca Giuseppe Ferdinando 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Up to 26% of residents in nursing homes (NHs) are affected by cancer. Their care represents a challenge, because NHs are not usually considered a setting focused on oncologic management and care. The aim of this paper is to describe socio-demographic and clinical features of patients with cancer residing in European NHs.

Methods
Cross-sectional study based on data from the Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care (SHELTER) study. Participants were assessed through the interRAI-LTCF, which includes cancer assessment.

Results
Among 4140 participants (mean age 83.4 years; female 73%), 442 (10.7%) had cancer. Patients with cancer had a higher prevalence of do-not-resuscitate directives compared to those without cancer (21.1% vs 16.5%, p = 0.019). Variables directly associated with cancer were male sex (adj OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.36–2.05), pain (adj OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.16–1.77), fatigue (adj OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.55), polypharmacy (adj OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.21–2.08) and falls (adj OR. 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.67). Dementia was inversely associated with cancer (adj OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.94). Symptomatic drugs such as opioids (23.5% vs 12.2, p < .001), NSAIDS (7.2% vs 3.9%, p = 0.001), antidepressants (39.1% vs 33.8%, p = 0.026) and benzodiazepines (40.3% vs 34.3, p = 0.012) were all prescribed more in participants with cancer compared to those without cancer.

Conclusions
Cancer patients are prevalent in European NHs and they show peculiar characteristics. Studies are needed to evaluate the impact of a supportive care approach on the management of NHs residents with cancer throughout all its phases, until the end-of-life care
Implicit or explicit time integration schemes in the PFEM modeling of metal cutting processes
Authors: Rodriguez J. M. , Larsson S. , Carbonell J. M. , Jonsén P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work presents the development of an explicit/implicit particle finite element method (PFEM) for the 2D modeling of metal cutting processes. The purpose is to study the efficiency of implicit and explicit time integration schemes in terms of precision, accuracy and computing time. The formulation for implicit and explicit time marching schemes is developed, and a detailed study on the explicit solution steps is presented. The PFEM remeshing procedures for insertion and removal of particles have been improved to model the multiple scales of time and/or space of the solution. The detection and treatment of the rigid tool contact are presented for both, implicit and explicit schemes. The performance of explicit/implicit integration is studied with a set of different two-dimensional orthogonal cutting tests of AISI 4340 steel at cutting speeds ranging from 1 m/s up to 30 m/s. It was shown that if the correct selection of the time integration scheme is made, the computing time can decrease up to 40 times. It allows us to affirm that the computing time of the PFEM simulations can be excessive due to the used time marching scheme independently of the meshing process. As a practical result, a set of recommendations to select the time integration schemes for a given cutting speed are given. This is intended to minimize one of the negative constraints pointed out by the industry when using metal cutting simulators.
Data-driven Exploration of Engagement with Workplace-based Assessment in the Clinical Skills Domain
Authors: Piotrkowicz Alicja , Wang Kaiwen , Hallam Jennifer , Dimitrova Vania 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper presents a multi-faceted data-driven computational approach to analyse workplace-based assessment (WBA) of clinical skills in medical education. Unlike formal university-based part of the degree, the setting of WBA can be informal and only loosely regulated, as students are encouraged to take every opportunity to learn from the clinical setting. For clinical educators and placement coordinators it is vital to follow and analyse students’ engagement with WBA while on placements, in order to understand how students are participating in the assessment, and what improvements can be made. We analyse digital data capturing the students’ WBA attempts and comments on how the assessments went, using process mining and text analytics. We compare Year 1 cohorts across three years, focusing on differences between primary vs. secondary care placements. The main contribution of the work presented in this paper is the exploration of computational approaches for multi-faceted, data-driven assessment analytics for workplace learning which includes:(i) a set of features for analysing clinical skills WBA data, (ii) analysis of the temporal aspects ofthat data using process mining, and (iii) utilising text analytics to compare student reflections on WBA. We show how assessment data captured during clinical placements can provide insights about the student engagement and inform the medical education practice. Our work is inspired by Jim Greer’s vision that intelligent methods and techniques should be adopted to address key challenges faced by educational practitioners in order to foster improvement of learning and teaching. In the broader AI in Education context, the paper shows the application of AI methods to address educational challenges in a new informal learning domain - practical healthcare placements in higher education medical training.
Indications and advantages of endoscopic trans-sphenoid approach for petrous apex lesions: two case reports
Authors: Kajal S , Thakar A , Verma H 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe choice of surgical approach for a petrous apex lesion depends on its relationship with the internal carotid artery, degree of medial expansion and pathology. The correct identification of patients who will benefit from this approach is necessary.Case reportsTwo adult patients presented with a lesion in the left petrous apex. Computed tomography showed a homogeneous mass extending anteromedially, and abutting the internal carotid artery and the sphenoid sinus in both patients. Using magnetic resonance imaging, a third recurrence of cholesterol granuloma in case one and cholesteatoma in case two were diagnosed. Both patients underwent trans-sphenoid excision, as the sphenoid sinus was well pneumatised and the lesion was medial to the internal carotid artery.ConclusionNasal endoscopic access to the petrous apex via the trans-sphenoid corridor should be preferred for benign lesions extending anteromedially in cases where lateral access is impeded by the internal carotid artery, the labyrinth and the facial nerve, and anterior trans-sphenoidal access offers a low-morbidity alternative.
Recovery und Hoffnung dank Selbsthilfe
Authors: Zeltner Chris 
Published: September 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Selbsthilfegruppen haben eine lange Tradition. Studien belegen eine signifikante Wirkung auf den Verlauf einer Suchterkrankung sowie das Wohlbefinden und die Lebensqualität von Betroffenen. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Der Fokus wird auf das soziale Umfeld einer suchterkrankten Person gelegt, wenn die aktive Sucht bereits länger anhält. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Im Berufsalltag von Fachpersonen wird oft auf die momentane Situation geschaut. Eine grundlegende Veränderung des Umfelds und des Verhaltens, das „Leben danach“, wird in Bezug auf Selbsthilfegruppen ungenügend erkannt. Es sollten generell breitere Perspektiven vermittelt und zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Die Möglichkeiten sind für Betroffene uneingeschränkt vorhanden. Der weitere Verlauf hängt damit zusammen, dass Hoffnung und der Glaube daran, dass Veränderung in alle Richtungen geschehen kann, vermittelt wird.
Selbstbestimmung fördern
Authors: Kremer Georg 
Published: September 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Gesprächsführung ist das zentrale Handwerkszeug aller in der Psychiatrie Tätigen. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Die Motivierende Gesprächsführung legt den Fokus auf die Förderung der Selbstbestimmung der Patient_innen. Sie sind die Expert_innen ihres Lebens. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Professionelle Helfer_innen hören gut zu und respektieren die Autonomie der Patient_innen. Sie arbeiten auf Augenhöhe und ermutigen die Patient_innen, ihre Sicht der Dinge in den Behandlungsprozess einzubringen.
Continuous monitoring of diabetes with an integrated microneedle biosensing device through 3D printing
Authors: Liu Yiqun , Yu Qi , Luo Xiaojin , Yang Li , Cui Yue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiabetes is a prevalent chronic metabolic disease with multiple clinical manifestations and complications, and it is among the leading causes of death. Painless and continuous monitoring of interstitial glucose is highly desirable for diabetes management. Here we unprecedentedly show continuous monitoring of diabetes with an integrated microneedle biosensing device. The device was manufactured with a 3D printing process, a microfabrication process, an electroplating process, and an enzyme immobilization step. The device was inserted into the dermis layer of mouse skin and showed accurate sensing performance for monitoring subcutaneous glucose levels in normal or diabetic mice. The detection results were highly correlated with those obtained from a commercial blood glucose meter. We anticipate that the study could open exciting avenues for monitoring and managing diabetes, alongside fundamental studies of subcutaneous electronic devices.
IL-6 promotes drug resistance through formation of polyploid giant cancer cells and stromal fibroblast reprogramming
Authors: Niu Na , Yao Jun , Bast Robert C. , Sood Anil K. , Liu Jinsong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo understand the role of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) in drug resistance and disease relapse, we examined the mRNA expression profile of PGCCs following treatment with paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. An acute activation of IL-6 dominated senescence-associated secretory phenotype lasted 2–3 weeks and declined during the termination phase of polyploidy. IL-6 activates embryonic stemness during the initiation of PGCCs and can reprogram normal fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) via increased collagen synthesis, activation of VEGF expression, and enrichment of CAFs and the GPR77 + /CD10 + fibroblast subpopulation. Blocking the IL-6 feedback loop with tocilizumab or apigenin prevented PGCC formation, attenuated embryonic stemness and the CAF phenotype, and inhibited tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma model. Thus, IL-6 derived by PGCCs is capable of reprogramming both cancer and stromal cells and contributes to the evolution and remodeling of cancer. Targeting IL-6 in PGCCs may represent a novel approach to combating drug resistance.
Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma
Authors: Bansal Radhika , Rakshit Sagar , Kumar Shaji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen clonal plasma cells grow at anatomic sites distant from the bone marrow or grows contiguous from osseous lesions that break through the cortical bone, it is referred to as extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMD). EMD remains challenging from a therapeutic and biological perspective. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not completely understood and it is generally associated with high-risk cytogenetics which portends poor outcomes. There is a rising incidence of EMD in the era of novel agents, likely a reflection of longer OS, with no standard treatment approach. Patients benefit from aggressive chemotherapy-based approaches, but the OS and prognosis remains poor. RT has been used for palliative care. There is a need for large prospective trials for development of treatment approaches for treatment of EMD.
Sedimentary supply of humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter and its implication for chemoautotrophic microbial activity in the Izu-Ogasawara Trench
Authors: Shigemitsu M. , Yokokawa T. , Uchida H. , Kawagucci S. , Murata A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrobial community structure in the hadal water is reported to be different from that in the upper abyssal water. However, the mechanism governing the difference has not been fully understood. In this study, we investigate the vertical distributions of humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOMH), chemoautotrophic production, apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), and N* in the Izu-Ogasawara Trench. In the upper abyssal waters (< 6000 m), FDOMH has a significantly positive correlation with AOU; FDOMH deviates from the relationship and increases with depth without involving the increment of AOU in the hadal waters. This suggests that FDOMH is transferred from the sediments to the hadal waters through pore water, while the FDOMH is produced in situ in the upper abyssal waters. Chemoautotrophic production and N* increases and decreases with depth in the hadal waters, respectively. This corroborates the effluxes of dissolved substances, including dissolved organic matter and electron donors from sediments, which fuels the heterotrophic/chemoautotrophic microbial communities in the hadal waters. A simple box model analysis reveals that the funnel-like trench topography facilitates the increase in dissolved substances with depth in the hadal waters, which might contribute to the unique microbiological community structure in these waters.
Saturation transfer MRI is sensitive to neurochemical changes in the rat brain due to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Authors: Pankowska Anna , Chudzik Agata , Słowik Tymoteusz , Łazorczyk Artur , Kochalska Katarzyna , Andres-Mach Marta , Lam Wilfred W. , Pietura Radosław , Rola Radosław , Stanisz Greg J. , Orzyłowska Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI was performed for the evaluation of cerebral metabolic changes in a rat model of depressive-like disease induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). CEST Z-spectra were acquired on a 7 T MRI with two saturation B1 amplitudes (0.5 and 0.75 µT) to measure the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), CEST and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE). Cerebral cortex and hippocampus were examined in two groups of animals: healthy control (n = 10) and stressed (n = 14), the latter of which was exposed to eight weeks of the CUMS protocol. The stressed group Z-spectrum parameters, primarily MTRs, were significantly lower than in controls, at all selected frequency offsets (3.5, 3.0, 2.0, − 3.2, − 3.6 ppm) in the cortex (the largest difference of ~ 3.5% at − 3.6 ppm, p = 0.0005) and the hippocampus (MTRs measured with a B1 = 0.5 µT). The hippocampal rNOE contributions decreased significantly in the stressed brains. Glutamate concentration (assessed using ELISA) and MTR at 3 ppm correlated positively in both brain regions. GABA concentration also correlated positively with CEST contributions in both cerebral areas, while such correlation with MTR was positive in hippocampus, and nonsignificant in cortex. Results indicate that CEST is sensitive to neurometabolic changes following chronic stress exposure.
Physical properties of carbon nanowalls synthesized by the ICP-PECVD method vs. the growth time
Authors: Yerlanuly Yerassyl , Zhumadilov Rakhymzhan , Nemkayeva Renata , Uzakbaiuly Berik , Beisenbayev Almaz R. , Bakenov Zhumabay , Ramazanov Tlekkabul , Gabdullin Maratbek , Ng Annie , Brus Viktor V. , Jumabekov Askhat N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvestigation of the physical properties of carbon nanowall (CNW) films is carried out in correlation with the growth time. The structural, electronic, optical and electrical properties of CNW films are investigated using electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Hall Effect measurement system, Four Point Probing system, and thermoelectric measurements. Shorter growth time results in thinner CNW films with a densely spaced labyrinth structure, while a longer growth time results in thicker CNW films with a petal structure. These changes in morphology further lead to changes in the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the CNW.
A targeted approach with nanopore sequencing for the universal detection and identification of flaviviruses
Authors: Reteng Patrick , Nguyen Thuy Linh , Tran Thi Minh Tam , Mares-Guia Maria Angélica Monteiro de Mello , Torres Maria Celeste , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , Orba Yasuko , Kobayashi Shintaro , Hayashida Kyoko , Sawa Hirofumi , Hall William W. , Nguyen Thi Lan Anh , Yamagishi Junya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNucleic acid test (NAT), most typically quantitative PCR, is one of the standard methods for species specific flavivirus diagnosis. Semi-comprehensive NATs such as pan-flavivirus PCR which covers genus Flavivirus are also available; however, further specification by sequencing is required for species level differentiation. In this study, a semi-comprehensive detection system that allows species differentiation of flaviviruses was developed by integration of the pan-flavivirus PCR and Nanopore sequencing. In addition, a multiplexing method was established by adding index sequences through the PCR with a streamlined bioinformatics pipeline. This enables defining cut-off values for observed read counts. In the laboratory setting, this approach allowed the detection of up to nine different flaviviruses. Using clinical samples collected in Vietnam and Brazil, seven different flaviviruses were also detected. When compared to a commercial NAT, the sensitivity and specificity of our system were 66.7% and 95.4%, respectively. Conversely, when compared to our system, the sensitivity and specificity of the commercial NAT were 57.1% and 96.9%, respectively. In addition, Nanopore sequencing detected more positive samples (n = 8) compared to the commercial NAT (n = 6). Collectively, our study has established a semi-comprehensive sequencing-based diagnostic system for the detection of flaviviruses at extremely affordable costs, considerable sensitivity, and only requires simple experimental methods.
PIGN spatiotemporally regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint proteins in leukemia transformation and progression
Authors: Teye Emmanuel K. , Lu Shasha , Chen Fangyuan , Yang Wenrui , Abraham Thomas , Stairs Douglas B. , Wang Hong-Gang , Yochum Gregory S. , Brodsky Robert A. , Pu Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class N (PIGN) has been linked to the suppression of chromosomal instability. The spindle assembly checkpoint complex is responsible for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis to prevent chromosomal instability. In this study, the novel role of PIGN as a regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint was unveiled in leukemic patient cells and cell lines. Transient downregulation or ablation of PIGN resulted in impaired mitotic checkpoint activation due to the dysregulated expression of spindle assembly checkpoint-related proteins including MAD1, MAD2, BUBR1, and MPS1. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of PIGN restored the expression of MAD2. PIGN regulated the spindle assembly checkpoint by forming a complex with the spindle assembly checkpoint proteins MAD1, MAD2, and the mitotic kinase MPS1. Thus, PIGN could play a vital role in the spindle assembly checkpoint to suppress chromosomal instability associated with leukemic transformation and progression.
In vivo analysis of onset and progression of retinal degeneration in the Nr2e3rd7/rd7 mouse model of enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome
Authors: Venturini Giulia , Kokona Despina , Steiner Beatrice L. , Bulla Emanuele G. , Jovanovic Joel , Zinkernagel Martin S. , Escher Pascal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor Nr2e3 is not expressed in Nr2e3rd7/rd7 mice, a mouse model of the recessively inherited retinal degeneration enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome (ESCS). We characterized in detail C57BL/6J Nr2e3rd7/rd7 mice in vivo by fundus photography, optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography and, post mortem, by histology and immunohistochemistry. White retinal spots and so-called ‘rosettes’ first appear at postnatal day (P) 12 in the dorsal retina and reach maximal expansion at P21. The highest density in ‘rosettes’ is observed within a region located between 100 and 350 µM from the optic nerve head. ‘Rosettes’ disappear between 9 to 12 months. Non-apoptotic cell death markers are detected during the slow photoreceptor degeneration, at a rate of an approximately 3% reduction of outer nuclear layer thickness per month, as observed from 7 to 31 months of age. In vivo analysis of Nr2e3rd7/rd7 Cx3cr1gfp/+ retinas identified microglial cells within ‘rosettes’ from P21 on. Subretinal macrophages were observed in vivo and by confocal microscopy earliest in 12-months-old Nr2e3rd7/rd7 retinas. At P21, S-opsin expression and the number of S-opsin expressing dorsal cones was increased. The dorso-ventral M-cone gradient was present in Nr2e3rd7/rd7 retinas, but M-opsin expression and M-opsin expressing cones were decreased. Retinal vasculature was normal.