bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of defense response in common bean against stem rot disease triggered byTrichoderma erinaceumandTrichoderma viride
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Shukla Vaishali , Dubey Manish Kumar , Upadhyay Ram Sanmukh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhite mold and stem rot is a common disease ofPhaseolus vulgariscaused bySclerotinia sclerotiorum. Biological control is a promising alternative for the control of this disease. In the present study, twoTrichodermaspp.,T. erinaceumandT. viride, and the consortium of both were evaluated as biocontrol agents against sclerotinia stem rot disease. The results revealed thatT. erinaceum(NAIMCC‐F‐02171) andT. viride(NAIMCC‐F‐02500) when applied alone, significantly suppressed the infection rate ofS. sclerotiorumand increased the rate of survival of plants by 74.5%. On the contrary, the combination of both theTrichodermaspp. was found to be more effective in reducing stem rot by 57.2% and increasing the survival of plants by 87.5% when compared to the individualTrichodermaapplications. Further, the exogenous supplementation ofTrichodermaactivated antioxidative machineries, such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbic acid in the plant. Besides, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide‐free radical accumulation were also found to be reduced whenT. erinaceumandT. viridewere used either individually or in combination under the pathogen‐challenged condition. Additionally, the photopigments in the bioprimed plants were markedly increased. Moreover, the combined inoculation of the two isolates yielded the highest records of growth parameters (root weight, shoot length, and leaf weight) compared with individual inoculation. Therefore, based on the above results, it was concluded that the combination ofT. erinaceumandT. viridecan be effectively used as an alternative to control white mold and stem rot caused byS. sclerotiorum.
Isolation and characterization of chitinolytic bacterium, Escherichia fergusonii AMC01 from insectivorous bat, Taphozous melanopogon
Authors: Gracy Jenifer Sahayanathan , Marimuthu Ganapathy , Raghuram Hanumanthan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChitinases are capable of hydrolyzing insoluble chitin into its oligo and monomeric parts and have received increased consideration because of their wide scope of biotechnological applications. The commercial application of microbial chitinase is appealing due to the relative ease of enormous production and to meet the current world demands. This study aimed at isolation and characterization of chitin degrading bacteria from the gut of Indian tropical insectivorous black‐bearded tomb bat, Taphozous melanopogon. The isolated bacterial strains were characterized through biochemical analysis and nucleic acid‐based approaches by 16S ribosomal RNA amplification and sequencing. The BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and phylogenetic analysis showed that the bacterial strain exhibited a close resemblance with Escherichia fergusonii. The chitinolytic activity of the E. fergusonii AMC01 was identified using supplemented colloidal chitin with agar medium. Compiling all, these findings would facilitate in constructing a database and presumably promote the use of E. fergusonii AMC01 as an efficient strain for the chitinase production.
Bandits, Militants, and Martyrs: Sub‐state Violence as Claim to Authority in Late Antique North Africa
Authors: Goalwin Gregory J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFourth Century North Africa was a site of intense religious and political conflict. Emerging from a period of persecution and newly legitimized by the Roman state, the Christian Church immediately fractured into two competing camps. Now known as the Donatist schism, this fracture was the result of competing claims to religious authority between two camps of bishops, but the doctrinal debate at its core precipitated a specific form of violence: attacks on clergy and property perpetrated by roving groups of militant bandits. Known as circumcellions, these bands acquired a perverse reputation for religious zeal, a desire for martyrdom, and what their opponents described as the ‘madness’ and ‘insanity’ of their violence. Here I analyze sources produced by both Donatists and Catholics to trace patterns of circumcellion violence. I draw on borderland theory and research on non‐state violence to argue that such acts were not mad, but rather the result of strategic efforts to consolidate religious and political power. In this, Donatism and the sectarian violence that accompanied it provide important insights into how banditry and peasant rebellions can serve as alternate sources of social and political power, avenues through which heterodox movements challenge the power state and religious hierarchies alike.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of thiram: Quantitative and theoretical analyses
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo J. S. , Martin Cibely S. , Rubira Rafael J. G. , Batagin‐Neto Augusto , Constantino Carlos J. L. , Aroca Ricardo F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of strategies to monitor the applications of pesticides is of primary importance. In the present report, two aspects of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of the fungicide thiram were investigated: quantitative analysis using the standard addition method and the thiram adsorption mechanism onto Ag nanostructures using theoretical approach. Experimentally, SERS intensity varies linearly from 1.0 × 10−8 to 4.0 × 10−7 mol/L with thiram concentration leading to a limit of detection of 1.2 × 10−8 mol/L for the band at 560 cm−1 and 1.7 × 10−9 mol/L for 1386 cm−1. The loss of linearity (above 10−6 mol/L) was associated with changes in the Ag colloid aggregation, also indicated by complementary analyses via UV‐Vis extinction spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The differences in the spectral profiles observed for thiram Raman powder and SERS are ascribed to S–S cleavage, leading the degraded thiram adsorbing to Ag surface not only through S atoms but also through methyl groups.
Interference‐enhanced deep‐ultraviolet Raman signals of hexagonal boron nitride flake and its underlying silicon substrate
Authors: Liu Tao , Lin Miao‐Ling , Leng Yu‐Chen , Cong Xin , Zhang Xin , Tan Ping‐Heng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe take hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes exfoliated on SiO
/Si substrates as a prototype, to demonstrate how to enhance the Raman signals both from ultra‐thin layered materials and the underlying opaque substrate excited by deep ultraviolet (DUV) laser. We found that the interference effect in the hBN/SiO
/Si multilayered structure can largely enhance Raman intensity of hBN flake and the underlying Si substrate under 266‐nm excitation. This enhancement effect is more significant than that under visible excitation. With increasing the thickness of SiO
layer in the substrate, the corresponding hBN and Si Raman intensity can vary by up to ∼ 4 and ∼2 orders of magnitude under 266‐nm excitation, respectively. This method can be applicable to enhance Raman signal from other two‐dimensional materials under DUV excitation by tuning the thickness of SiO
layer in the SiO
/Si substrate.
Perioperative blood transfusions and survival in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients given multimodality therapy
Authors: Newhook Timothy E. , Prakash Laura R. , Soliz Jose , Hancher‐Hodges Shannon , Speer B. Bryce , Wilks Jonathan A. , Bruno Morgan L. , Dewhurst Whitney L. , Arvide Elsa M. , Maxwell Jessica E. , Ikoma Naruhiko , Kim Michael P. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Katz Matthew H. G. , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe impact of perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) on outcomes for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients given multimodality therapy (MMT) remains undefined. We sought to evaluate the association of PBT with survival after PDAC resection.MethodsPancreatectomy patients (July 2011–December 2017) who received MMT were abstracted from a prospective database. Overall survival (OS) was compared by PBT within 30 days, 24 h (24HR‐BT), or 24 h until 30 days (Postop‐BT).ResultsMost (76.6%) of 312 MMT patients underwent neoadjuvant therapy (NT). Eighty‐nine patients (28.5%) received PBT; 58 (18.6%) 24HR‐BT, and 31 (9.9%) Postop‐BT. Compared with surgery‐first, NT patients received more 24HR‐BTs (22.2% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.003) and PBTs overall (32.6% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.004). Overall median OS was 45 months. The association of PBT with shorter median OS appeared limited to first 24‐h transfusions (34 months 24HR‐BT vs. 48 months Postop‐BT vs. 53 months no‐PBT, p = 0.009) and was dose‐dependent, with a median OS of 52 months for 0 units 24HR‐BT, 35 months for 1 unit, and 25 months for ≥2 units (p = 0.004). Independent predictors of OS included node‐positivity (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.93, p < 0.001), perineural invasion (HR: 1.64, p = 0.050), postoperative pancreatic fistula (HR: 1.94, p = 0.018), and 24HR‐BT (HR: 1.75, p = 0.001).ConclusionsTransfusions given within 24 h are associated with dose‐dependent decreases in survival after pancreatectomy for PDAC.
Large‐Scale Huygens’ Metasurfaces for Holographic 3D Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Song Weitao , Liang Xinan , Li Shiqiang , Li Dongdong , Paniagua‐Domínguez Ramón , Lai Keng Heng , Lin Qunying , Zheng Yuanjin , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNovel display technologies aim at providing users with increasingly immersive experiences. It is a long‐sought dream to generate three‐dimensional (3D) scenes with high resolution and continuous depth, which can be overlaid with the real world. Current attempts, however, fail in providing either truly 3D information, or large viewing area and angle, strongly limiting the user immersion. Here, a proof‐of‐concept solution for this problem is developed. A compact holographic 3D near‐eye display with a large exit pupil of 10 mm × 8.66 mm is realized. The 3D image is generated from a highly transparent Huygens’ metasurface hologram with large (>108) pixel count and subwavelength pixels, fabricated via deep‐ultraviolet immersion photolithography on 300 mm glass wafers. High‐quality virtual 3D scenes with ∼50k active data points and continuous depth ranging from 0.5 to 2 m, overlaid with the real world and easily viewed by naked eye are experimentally demonstrated. A new design method for holographic near‐eye displays is introduced that is able to provide both parallax and accommodation cues, solving the vergence–accommodation conflict existing in current 3D displays. Additionally, the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible, industry‐grade fabrication technology employed opens new avenues for the large‐scale, mass manufacturing of metasurfaces.
Low‐Threshold Bound State in the Continuum Lasers in Hybrid Lattice Resonance Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Jhen‐Hong , Huang Zhen‐Ting , Maksimov Dmitrii N. , Pankin Pavel S. , Timofeev Ivan V. , Hong Kuo‐Bing , Li Heng , Chen Jia‐Wei , Hsu Chu‐Yuan , Liu Yi‐Yun , Lu Tien‐Chang , Lin Tzy‐Rong , Yang Chan‐Shan , Chen Kuo‐Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted considerable research attention due to their infinite quality factor (Q‐factor) and extremely localized fields, which drastically enhances light–matter interactions and yields high potential in topological photonics and quantum optics. In this study, the room temperature directional lasing normal to a BIC metasurface is demonstrated with hybrid surface lattice resonances. Compared to the plasmonic nanolasers, the BIC metasurface lasers possess directional radiation and a larger emission volume. The high Q‐factor resonance of BIC metasurface overcomes the limitation of a large mode volume in achieving low‐threshold lasing. In addition, a design rule is proposed to prevent the occurrence of wavelength shift when the Q‐factor changes; thus, the lasing thresholds for different BIC metasurfaces can be compared. In this work, the high localization ability of BICs is used to achieve the low lasing threshold (1.25 nJ) at the room temperature. The “light in–light out” diagram of the aforementioned laser based on simulations and experiments exhibits a large spontaneous emission coupling factor (β = 0.9) and the S‐curve. The device developed in this study can be used in various applications, such as quantum emitters, optical sensing, nonlinear optics, and topological states engineering.
Selectively Visualizing the Hidden Modes in Random Lasers for Secure Communication
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Song Wanting , Guo Dan , Tong Junhua , Zhai Tianrui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractToward a higher degree of secure communication, great efforts have been made to develop encryption and anticounterfeiting strategies. In particular, optical encryption with high complexity has become one of the most significant approaches. To strengthen optical information security, the concept of a spectral encryption approach is proposed based on selectively visualized spectral modes in random lasers. By coupling with external whispering gallery mode cavity, hidden localized lasing modes with special multiple‐peaks spectra are selected from phase‐correlated random lasers with smooth single‐peak spectra. The selectively visualized localized modes are utilized for spectral encryption of secure information. The encoded spectral modes that are hidden in phase‐correlated modes with identical spectra can only be selectively recognized by a special external coupler. This multiplex encryption strategy is super for the simple operation, low cost, and high security, supplying a new approach for further applications in secure communication and anticounterfeiting.
Mutation and methylation profiles of ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues
Authors: Li Lihong , Antero Maria Facadio , Zhang Ming , Chu Tiffany , Seckin Tamer , Ayhan Ayse , Pisanic Thomas , Wang Tian‐Li , Cope Leslie , Segars James , Shih Ie‐Ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdenomyosis and peritoneal endometriosis are common gynecologic lesions; they are characterized by aberrant locations of normal‐appearing endometrium in myometrium and peritoneal surface, respectively. Both ectopic lesions are speculated to originate from uterine eutopic endometrium, which is composed of epithelium and stroma, but how these two different tissue types co‐evolve in ectopic locations remains unclear. Here, we analyzed exome‐wide mutations and global methylation in microdissected epithelium and stroma separately in paired adenomyosis, peritoneal endometriosis, and endometrium to investigate their relationship. Analyses of somatic mutations and their allele frequencies indicate monoclonal development not only in epithelium but also in the stroma of adenomyosis and peritoneal endometriosis. Our preliminary phylogenetic study suggests a plausible clonal derivation in epithelium and stroma of both ectopic and eutopic endometrium from the same founder epithelium‐stroma progenitor cells. While a patient‐specific methylation landscape is evident, adenomyosis epithelium and stroma can be distinguished from normal‐appearing eutopic endometrium epigenetically. In summary, endometrial stroma, like its epithelial counterpart, could be clonal and both ectopic and eutopic endometrium following divergent evolutionary trajectories. Our data also warrant future investigations into the role of endometrial stroma in the pathobiology of endometrium‐related disorders. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization/mechanical behavior of AgCuOSnO2 composites: Experimental and finite element study
Authors: Li Jintao , Yang Minjie , Zhou Xiaolong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerein, the effects of different content of SnO2 on the stress, strain, and microstructure of AgCuO(10)SnO2(x = 2,5,8) composites during hot extrusion were studied by using finite element analysis and compared with the actual hot extrusion experiment. The results show that cubic CuO gradually becomes fibrous mainly due to shear strain during hot extrusion, but monoclinic CuO and SnO2 only produce slight deformation. After hot extrusion, the reinforced phases CuO and SnO2 are redistributed to make the microstructure more uniform, which is in good agreement with the actual experimental results. In addition, by comparing the mechanical properties of samples with different content of SnO2, when the SnO2 content is 5%, AgCuOSnO2 has the highest conductivity, strain, and tensile strength.
Growth of fixed mindset from elementary to middle school: Its relationship with trajectories of academic behavior engagement and academic achievement
Authors: Kim Myung‐Seop , Park Soowon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigated students' fixed mindset trajectories using 6‐year longitudinal data from the 4th grade (elementary school) to the 9th grade (middle school). The longitudinal associations between the trajectories and academic achievement with behavioral engagement as a mediator were examined using a piecewise latent growth model. The Gyeonggi Education Panel Study with 3531 Korean students was used. Fixed mindset and school engagement were measured six times at 1‐year intervals. The average score of the 9th‐grade math, English, and Korean test scores were used as the outcome variable. The results showed that the fixed mindset slightly decreased during the elementary school period (4th–6th grade) but increased in the middle school (7th–9th grade). The initial level of fixed mindset negatively predicted academic achievement through the low initial level of behavior engagement (i.e., effort exerted, attention, and involvement in academics). The slope of a fixed mindset in the elementary school period did not influence academic achievement in the 9th grade. Conversely, the slope of a fixed mindset in the middle school period affected academic achievement through the slope of behavior engagement in the middle school period. The results indicated that trajectory patterns of fixed mindset were differentiated depending on the school level. An increase in students' fixed mindset in middle school plays a significant role in decreasing classroom engagement and academic achievement.
Differential nuclease sensitivity profiling uncovers a drought responsive change in maize leaf chromatin structure for two large retrotransposon derivatives, Uloh and Vegu
Authors: Park Minkyu , Williams Delvin S. , Turpin Zachary M. , Wiggins ZaDarreyal J. , Tsolova Violeta M. , Onokpise Oghenekome U. , Bass Hank W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant chromatin dynamics are generally recognized as playing a role in the genomic response to environmental stress. Although stress‐induced transcriptional activities of LTR‐retrotransposons have been reported, whether the stress response can be detected at the level of chromatin structure for LTR‐retrotransposons is largely unknown. Using differential nuclease sensitivity profiling, we identified that two out of 29 maize LTR‐retrotransposon families change their chromatin structure in response to drought stress in leaf tissue. The two LTR‐retrotransposon families, uloh and vegu, are classified as nonautonomous LTR‐retrotransposons. Differently from other families, the chromatin structure of these two families shifted from more open in normal conditions to more closed following drought stress. Although uloh and vegu lack sequence similarity, most of them shared an intriguing feature of having a new and uncharacterized insertion of a DNA sequence near one side of an LTR. In the uloh family, nine members with a strong drought response also exhibited a drought‐induced reduction of published H3K4me3 histone modification in the inserted DNA region, implicating this modification in the chromatin structural changes. Our results provide new insight into how LTR‐retrotransposons can alter their chromatin structure following stress response in plants.
Step‐by‐step comparison of ordinary differential equation and agent‐based approaches to pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic models
Authors: Truong Van Thuy , Baverel Paul G. , Lythe Grant D. , Vicini Paolo , Yates James W. T. , Dubois Vincent F. S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMathematical models in oncology aid in the design of drugs and understanding of their mechanisms of action by simulation of drug biodistribution, drug effects, and interaction between tumor and healthy cells. The traditional approach in pharmacometrics is to develop and validate ordinary differential equation models to quantify trends at the population level. In this approach, time‐course of biological measurements is modeled continuously, assuming a homogenous population. Another approach, agent‐based models, focuses on the behavior and fate of biological entities at the individual level, which subsequently could be summarized to reflect the population level. Heterogeneous cell populations and discrete events are simulated, and spatial distribution can be incorporated. In this tutorial, an agent‐based model is presented and compared to an ordinary differential equation model for a tumor efficacy model inhibiting the pERK pathway. We highlight strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities of each approach.
Separation of Ultra‐High‐Density Cell Suspension via Elasto‐Inertial Microfluidics
Authors: Kwon Taehong , Choi Kyungyong , Han Jongyoon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeparation of high‐density suspension particles at high throughput is crucial for many chemical, biomedical, and environmental applications. In this study, elasto‐inertial microfluidics is used to manipulate ultra‐high‐density cells to achieve stable equilibrium positions in microchannels, aided by the inherent viscoelasticity of high‐density cell suspension. It is demonstrated that ultra‐high‐density Chinese hamster ovary cell suspension (>26 packed cell volume% (PCV%), >95 million cells mL−1) can be focused at distinct lateral equilibrium positions under high‐flow‐rate conditions (up to 10 mL min−1). The effect of flow rates, channel dimensions, and cell densities on this unique focusing behavior is studied. Cell clarification is further demonstrated using this phenomenon, from 29.7 PCV% (108.1 million cells mL−1) to 8.3 PCV% (33.2 million cells mL−1) with overall 72.1% reduction efficiency and 10 mL min−1 processing rate. This work explores an extreme case of elasto‐inertial particle focusing where ultra‐high‐density culture suspension is efficiently manipulated at high throughput. This result opens up new opportunities for practical applications of high‐particle‐density suspension manipulation.
Fast Leaps between Millisecond Confinements Govern Ase1 Diffusion along Microtubules
Authors: Bujak Łukasz , Holanová Kristýna , García Marín Antonio , Henrichs Verena , Barvík Ivan , Braun Marcus , Lánský Zdeněk , Piliarik Marek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiffusion is the most fundamental mode of protein translocation within cells. Confined diffusion of proteins along the electrostatic potential constituted by the surface of microtubules, although modeled meticulously in molecular dynamics simulations, has not been experimentally observed in real‐time. Here, interferometric scattering microscopy is used to directly visualize the movement of the microtubule‐associated protein Ase1 along the microtubule surface at nanometer and microsecond resolution. Millisecond confinements of Ase1 and fast leaps between these positions of dwelling preferentially occurring along the microtubule protofilaments are resolved, revealing Ase1's mode of diffusive translocation along the microtubule's periodic surface. The derived interaction potential closely matches the tubulin‐dimer periodicity and the distribution of the electrostatic potential on the microtubule lattice. It is anticipated that mapping the interaction landscapes for different proteins on microtubules, finding plausible energetic barriers of different positioning and heights, can provide valuable insights into regulating the dynamics of essential cytoskeletal processes, such as intracellular cargo trafficking, cell division, and morphogenesis, all of which rely on diffusive translocation of proteins along microtubules.