bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Killer whale (Orcinus orca) population dynamics in response to a period of rapid ecosystem change in the eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Jourdain Eve , Goh Tiffany , Kuningas Sanna , Similä Tiu , Vongraven Dag , Karoliussen Richard , Bisther Anna , Hammond Philip S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates survival and abundance of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Norway in 1988–2019 using capture–recapture models of photo‐identification data. We merged two datasets collected in a restricted fjord system in 1988–2008 (Period 1) with a third, collected after their preferred herring prey shifted its wintering grounds to more exposed coastal waters in 2012–2019 (Period 2), and investigated any differences between these two periods. The resulting dataset, spanning 32 years, comprised 3284 captures of 1236 whales, including 148 individuals seen in both periods. The best‐supported models of survival included the effects of sex and time period, and the presence of transients (whales seen only once). Period 2 had a much larger percentage of transients compared to Period 1 (mean = 30% vs. 5%) and the identification of two groups of whales with different residency patterns revealed heterogeneity in recapture probabilities. This caused estimates of survival rates to be biased downward (females: 0.955 ± 0.027 SE, males: 0.864 ± 0.038 SE) compared to Period 1 (females: 0.998 ± 0.002 SE, males: 0.985 ± 0.009 SE). Accounting for this heterogeneity resulted in estimates of apparent survival close to unity for regularly seen whales in Period 2. A robust design model for Period 2 further supported random temporary emigration at an estimated annual probability of 0.148 (± 0.095 SE). This same model estimated a peak in annual abundance in 2015 at 1061 individuals (95% CI 999–1127), compared to a maximum of 731 (95% CI 505–1059) previously estimated in Period 1, and dropped to 513 (95% CI 488–540) in 2018. Our results indicate variations in the proportion of killer whales present of an undefined population (or populations) in a larger geographical region. Killer whales have adjusted their distribution to shifts in key prey resources, indicating potential to adapt to rapidly changing marine ecosystems.
Biological nanoparticles: Relevance as novel target drug delivery systems and leading chromatographic isolation approaches
Authors: González‐Félix Martha Alicia , Mejía‐Manzano Luis Alberto , González‐Valdez José 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century, and it is now presenting an enormous impact on target drug delivery. In this context, the recent use of natural vesicle‐like nanoparticles such as extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) and virus‐like particles is rendering encouraging results mostly because these delivery systems present cargo versatility, favorable body circulating advantages, biocompatibility, immunogenicity, and the capacity to be modified superficially to increase their affinity to a certain target or to control their entrance to the cell. However, some of the biggest challenges toward their clinical implementation are poorly standardized processing operations due to their inherent heterogeneity and expensive, long‐lasting, and difficult to scale isolation procedures that can also affect the stability of the particles. Under these circumstances, chromatographic procedures represent an attractive and favorable alternative to overcome their downstream processing. Moreover, even when standardized chromatographic purification protocols are still in development, great achievements have been made using size exclusion, ionic exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity protocols, mostly because of the correct harnessing of the nanovesicle membrane properties. In this sense, this review focuses on presenting the current understanding on the most promising therapeutic biological nanoparticles and the chromatographic isolation approaches employed in their recovery, providing at the same time recent findings and a general overview of the aspects that might impact the outcome of chromatographic techniques for this application.
Development of machine learning models based on air temperature for estimation of global solar radiation in India
Authors: Husain Shahid , Khan Uzair Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe designing of solar thermal systems need accurate information on global solar radiation (GSR). In the present study, six machine learning models, for example, random forest, k‐nearest neighbors, Gaussian process regression, support vector machine, multilayer perception, and XGBoost, are developed for GSR prediction with only air temperature as input for different climatic zones of India. The performance of machine learning models is also compared with some well‐known empirical models. The results show that generally, the performance of the machine learning models is better than empirical models, though, for a few climatic zones, empirical models give a better prediction. The top‐performing models are k‐nearest neighbors and XGBoost. Thus, we highly recommend temperature‐based models to predict GSR in the regions of India where only air temperature data are available. The accurate information of future GSR can be easily obtained by combining future air temperature forecasts with KNN/XGBoost models. These models can be extremely helpful in designing solar thermal systems in those regions where solar radiation facility is not available.
Effect of pilot fuel injection timing on the performance, combustion, and exhaust emissions of biodiesel–ethanol–diethyl ether blend fueled CRDI engine under hydrogen dual fuel strategies
Authors: Bhowmik Subrata , Paul Abhishek , Panua Rajsekhar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present investigation utilizes a completely biodiesel based ternary blend pilot fuel for the hydrogen dual fuel operation in a CRDI engine. The pilot fuel was formulated with 88% biodiesel, 10% ethanol, and 2% diethyl ether to closely replicate the cetane index and heating value of petroleum diesel. The pilot injection angle was varied at 8°, 12°, 14°, 16°, and 18° before top dead center at 210 bar fuel injection pressure to study the effect of pilot fuel injection angle on performance, combustion, and emission of a hydrogen dual fuel engine at full load condition. Three different hydrogen injection durations, 1200, 2500, and 3700 μs with a constant flow rate of 0.9 kg/h were used to assess the effect of increasing hydrogen mass flow rate on the engine. The results showed that advancing pilot fuel injection angle remarkably improved the performance of engine with 13.36% higher brake thermal efficiency,9.28% lower hydrocarbon and 11.03% lower carbon monoxide emission with hydrogen injection duration of 3700 μs and pilot injection angle of 16° bTDC. However, this also increased the oxides of nitrogen emissions by 11.07%. Therefore, the results proved the efficacy of injection advancement of biodiesel based ternary blend pilot fuel in extracting better performance output from a hydrogen dual fuel CRDI engine.
Metabolomics study reveals systematic metabolic dysregulation and early detection markers associated with incident pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wang Shuangyuan , Li Mian , Yan Li , He Meian , Lin Hong , Xu Yu , Wan Qin , Qin Guijun , Chen Gang , Xu Min , Wang Guixia , Qin Yingfen , Luo Zuojie , Tang Xulei , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Xu Yiping , Chen Yuhong , Huo Yanan , Hu Ruying , Ye Zhen , Dai Meng , Shi Lixin , Gao Zhengnan , Su Qing , Mu Yiming , Zhao Jiajun , Chen Lulu , Zeng Tianshu , Yu Xuefeng , Li Qiang , Shen Feixia , Chen Li , Zhang Yinfei , Wang Youmin , Deng Huacong , Liu Chao , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Li Donghui , Ning Guang , Wu Tangchun , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Lu Jieli ,   4C Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer are in urgent need. To explore systematic circulating metabolites unbalance and identify potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer in prospective Chinese cohorts, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics study in subjects with incident pancreatic cancer and matched controls (n = 192) from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. We characterized 998 metabolites in baseline serum and calculated 156 product‐to‐precursor ratios based on the KEGG database. The identified metabolic profiling revealed systematic metabolic network disorders before pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Forty‐Five metabolites or product‐to‐precursor ratios showed significant associations with pancreatic cancer (P < .05 and FDR < 0.1), revealing abnormal metabolism of amino acids (especially alanine, aspartate and glutamate), lipids (especially steroid hormones), vitamins, nucleotides and peptides. A novel metabolite panel containing aspartate/alanine (OR [95% CI]: 1.97 [1.31‐2.94]), androstenediol monosulfate (0.69 [0.49‐0.97]) and glycylvaline (1.68 [1.04‐2.70]) was significantly associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) was improved from 0.573 (reference model of CA 19‐9) to 0.721. The novel metabolite panel was validated in an independent cohort with AUC improved from 0.529 to 0.661. These biomarkers may have a potential value in early detection of pancreatic cancer.
Investigating COVID‐19 stress and coping: Substance use and behavioural disengagement
Authors: Greenglass Esther , Chiacchia Daniel , Fiskenbaum Lisa 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this online empirical study was to examine the relationship between COVID‐19 stress, coping including substance use and behavioural disengagement, and avoidance behaviour early on in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants, recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk, N = 730), were adults from Canada, the United States, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom. Results of path analysis showed that feeling threatened by the virus, predicted greater COVID‐19 anxiety, which was related to greater substance use to cope with the virus, as well as more behavioural disengagement, which predicted less avoidance behaviour. Implications of the results are discussed, particularly the relationship between coping and avoidance behaviour during the pandemic.
Review of cancer cell resistance mechanisms to apoptosis and actual targeted therapies
Authors: Kulbay Merve , Paimboeuf Adeline , Ozdemir Derman , Bernier Jacques 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe apoptosis pathway is a programmed cell death mechanism that is crucial for cellular and tissue homeostasis and organ development. There are three major caspase‐dependent pathways of apoptosis that ultimately lead to DNA fragmentation. Cancerous cells are known to highly regulate the apoptotic pathway and its role in cancer hallmark acquisition has been discussed over the past decades. Numerous mutations in cancer cell types have been reported to be implicated in chemoresistance and treatment outcome. In this review, we summarize the mutations of the caspase‐dependant apoptotic pathways that are the source of cancer development and the targeted therapies currently available or in trial.
Mothers’ high glycemic levels and the association between periodontitis and low birth weight
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac Suzart , Trindade Soraya Castro , da Cruz Simone Seixas , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Hintz Alexandre Marcelo , Adan Luis Fernando Fernandes , Cerqueira Eneida de Moraes Marcílio , Passos‐Soares Johelle de Santana , Vianna Maria Isabel Pereira , Coelho Julita Maria Freitas , Alves Claúdia Maria Coêlho , Barreto Maurício Lima , Seymour Gregory John , Loomer Peter Michael , Scannapieco Frank Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaternal hyperglycemia, periodontitis, and adverse gestational outcomes are important health problems. The present study investigated the hypothesis that periodontitis and the glycemic level of mothers may have opposing influences on birth weight (BW). This study evaluated the effect of high glycemic levels, albeit within the normal range, on the association between periodontitis and low birth weight (LBW).MethodsA total of 732 women took part in this case‐control study; 172 were mothers of children with LBW <2,500 g, and 560 were mothers of children with BW ≥2,500 g. The BW of newborns was obtained from medical records, and information on socioeconomic‐demographic, lifestyle behavior were obtained through interviews. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated, and full‐mouth periodontal examination was carried out within 7 days postpartum. Hierarchical and logistic regression analysis evaluated the effect of glycemic levels on the association between periodontitis and LBW by subgroups, estimating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsIn the group with HbA1c levels <5.6%, a statistically significant relationship existed between periodontitis and LBW. Using the Centre for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontics criteria, the ORadjusted was 1.55; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.31; using the Gomes‐Filho et al. criteria the ORadjusted was 1.91; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.45. In the group with higher HbA1c levels but still within the normal range (≥5.6% and <6.5%), the findings showed no association between periodontitis and LBW.ConclusionHigher maternal glycemic levels within the normal range, inferior to those indicative of gestational diabetes, diabetes mellitus, or hyperglycemia, and periodontitis have opposing effects on BW, altering the association magnitude.
Life cycle assessment of animal‐based foods and plant‐based protein‐rich alternatives: a socio‐economic perspective
Authors: Varela‐Ortega Consuelo , Blanco‐Gutiérrez Irene , Manners Rhys , Detzel Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtensive research shows that replacing animal protein with plant‐based protein in the diet would strongly alleviate the environmental impact of the food system. However, much less attention has been given to the socio‐economic considerations of dietary transitions. This study analyses the socio‐economic performance of innovative legume‐based food prototypes, developed in the Protein2Food research project, and conventional animal‐based products (chicken meat and dairy milk). We implement a social life cycle assessment (sLCA) to quantify and compare their potential socio‐economic impacts along the entire life cycle.RESULTSFindings from this analysis show that legume‐based prototypes and their respective animal‐based counterparts have, overall, a comparable socio‐economic performance. Looking at the disaggregated life cycle stages, socio‐economic hotspots (points of most negative impacts) were mainly identified at the production stage in legume‐based products. Farm‐level net margin and profitability are low when compared with their animal equivalents. However, at the processing stage, there are socio‐economic gains for plant‐based products regarding lower unemployment rates. Finally, at the consumption stage, there are mixed results. Plant‐based products show worse protein affordability but better nutritional contents (lower saturated fat and cholesterol) than their animal counterparts.CONCLUSIONSTo improve socio‐economic performance of legume‐based foods, greater emphasis should be placed upon developing improved processing technologies and supply chains. This would broaden the supply of sustainable protein‐rich food options and make these products more economically attractive. The research illustrates that policies should be targeted to the different stages of the food value chain to optimize the development of innovative plant‐based foods. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Valorization of bio‐waste eggshell as a viable source of dietary calcium for confectionery products
Authors: Pokorski Patryk , Hoffmann Monika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe market of innovative foods is developing very dynamically and consumers are paying increasingly more attention to the health properties of the food offered. In addition, many studies on food consumption indicate a deficiency of minerals in the diet and experts suggest that the consumption of fortified functional foods in a selected group of consumers may contribute to the improvement of their health and quality of life.RESULTSThe aim of the work was to present the possibility of using bio‐waste eggshell as a source of calcium in designing confectionery products. A snack with high calcium (0.567 g Ca kg−1 of product) and fiber (11.44 g kg−1 of product) content and potentially high calcium bioavailability was prepared. The results of the sensory expert‐based assessment indicate a high (6–7 conventional units) overall sensory quality (OSQ) of the four flavor versions of the product during up to 3 months storage. In order to accurately illustrate the effect of storage time on the quality of the samples, texture analysis was carried out and the presented results indicate low correlations (r = −0.5554; r = −0.1494) between instrumentally measured hardness and sensory attribute of crispness, as well as hardness and OSQ, respectively.CONCLUSIONIt is possible to reuse bio‐waste eggshells as a calcium‐fortifying substance for food design. The addition of powdered eggshells to food is an interesting direction, both for nutritional reasons (high concentration of calcium and optimal bioavailability) and also for environmental protection (reduction of post‐production waste). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enrichment of tetracycline residues from honey samples using carrier‐mediated hollow fibre liquid‐phase micro‐extraction and quantification by LC‐Q‐TOF/MS
Authors: Moyo Babra , Tavengwa Nikita T 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, development and validation of a simple, miniaturized and, environmentally friendly carrier‐mediated three‐phase hollow‐fibre liquid‐phase micro‐extraction (HFLPME) technique was investigated for the enrichment of tetracycline residues in honey samples. The extracts were analysed using UV–visible spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐Q‐TOF/MS). Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of HFLPME such as pH of the donor and acceptor solutions, salt addition, agitation speed and extraction time were optimized.RESULTSThe calibration curves showed good linearity, in the range of 1–100 μg kg−1 with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.9943 and 0.9992, under the optimized conditions. Recoveries of blank honey samples at three spiking levels (1, 10 and 20 μg kg−1) ranged from 81.2% to 107.5%. Relative standard deviations for the precision of the method were less than 15.0%. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.0861–0.2628 μg kg−1 and 0.2610–0.7964 μg kg−1, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied in the extraction of five tetracyclines from honey samples. Doxycycline residue detected in one of the commercial honey samples was below the limit of quantification.CONCLUSIONBecause of the advantages offered by HFLPME, this method can be employed as an alternative to conventional extraction techniques for the clean‐up and pre‐concentration of antibiotics in complex matrices, including food samples. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Computing Z‐Score Equations for Clinical Use to Measure Fetal Umbilical Vein Size and Flow Using Six Independent Variables of Age and Size
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Epstein Aaron 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionMeasurements of the umbilical vein diameter (UVD) and blood flow (mL/min) (UVF) have been demonstrated to be decreased in fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) using gestational age (GA) as the independent variable. However, no previous studies have used the biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and the estimated fetal weight (EFW) to create equations to be used for z‐score computations when evaluating fetuses at risk foran abnormal UVD and UVF.MethodsTwo hundred and forty normal fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation were examined in which the UVD and time averaged maximal velocity (TAMX) were measured from which the UVF, UVF/HC, UVF/AC, and UVF/kg were computed. Fractional polynomial regression analysis was used to compute z‐score equations using the above independent variables. Thirty‐six fetuses with abnormal growth of the AC were examined to test the validity of the equations.ResultsThe UVD, TAMX, UVF, UVF/HC, and UVF/AC all increased with gestatonal age and fetal growth except for the UVF/kg, which decreased with age and growth. From the regression equations, two z‐score calculators were created using an Excel spreadsheet that can be used in clinical practice. Abnormal measurements of the UVD, UVF, UVF/HC, UVF/AC, and UVF/kg were observed in the 36 study fetuses, 21 with an AC < 10th centile and 15 with an AC > 90th centile.ConclusionUsing the equations generated from this study and the z‐score calculators provides a clinical tool to measure the size and flow of the umbilical vein that may have clinical implications.
Ultrasound for the Objective Measurement of Breast Lymphedema
Authors: Kerrigan Colleen B. , Ahern Thomas P. , Brennan Sara K. , Kurchena Kathryn C. , Nelson Carl J. , Sowden Michelle M. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesBreast lymphedema has supplanted upper extremity lymphedema as a common and debilitating sequela of breast cancer treatment, but has no objective measurement. We assessed the utility of ultrasound‐measured difference in dermal thickness between affected and unaffected breasts as a measure of breast lymphedema. We associated this measure with patient characteristics, treatment parameters, and patient‐reported impact on quality of life.MethodsWe enrolled 30 invasive breast carcinoma patients treated with breast‐conserving surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and radiotherapy, and 10 control patients evaluated for benign breast conditions without prior breast surgery or radiotherapy. Patient and treatment variables were ascertained from medical records and radiotherapy instruments. Impacts on quality of life were measured with a modified Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. We characterized breast lymphedema by calculating the difference in ultrasound‐measured dermal thickness between affected and unaffected breasts. Associations with patient characteristics, treatment, and quality of life were quantified with log‐binomial regression models.ResultsBreast lymphedema was defined as a dermal thickness difference of >0.3 mm. Nineteen patients in the invasive group (63%) had breast lymphedema by this definition. We observed positive associations between ultrasound‐defined breast lymphedema and surgical factors (size of primary tumor, number of lymph nodes removed), radiotherapy factors (breast volume irradiated, receipt of radiation boost), and patient‐reported outcomes (sleep quality and overall confidence).ConclusionsDifference in dermal thickness is an easy and inexpensive measurement for quantifying breast lymphedema, and correlates with treatment parameters and patient‐reported impacts on quality of life.