bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Bandgap Engineering on Photovoltaics and their Possible Economic implications
Authors: Abodunrin T.J. , Emetere M.E. , Ajayi O.O. , Popoola A.P.I. , Popoola O. , Uyor U.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bandgap an intrinsic property of molecules on nanoscale, has capability of making alterations in the characteristics of the material through cataclysmic changes from interaction with light. Ultraviolet spectrographs of three organic extracts were explored for their optical frequency and possible use as communication organic optical fiber. The bandgaps of these dye extracts were determined and tailored by varying their absorptivity of ions in electrolytic solvents. A distinctive absorption power, transmittance and amplitude promoted vital regional shifts in wavelength. Interaction with radiation absorbed, influenced a Fermi energy change within a large band gap ≈ 4eV, which is a hypothetical line of symmetry. Results revealed that all the bands below that energy level were entirely filled, whereas all higher-lying bands were completely or nearly empty, with the exception of minimal thermal excitation which is induced at high temperatures.
Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Fabricated at Ambient Temperature via pH5 Acidic Solution
Authors: Araoyinbo A O , Oyedepo S O , Fajobi M A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the fabrication of titanium dioxide TiO2 via a pH 5 acidic solution of hydrofluoric acid to produce a nanotube structure of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The anodization processes of some metals have been a well-known method over the years in converting metal foils into its oxide form due to its strong affinity with oxygen. Titanium foils have also been used in this way to convert the metal into its oxide form which has found use in many areas of application. The anodizing method is a simple process but requires knowledge of the key parameters to be suitably controlled in the fabrication of the nanotube structure without destroying the oxide layer initially formed on the surface. The parameters used include a pH 5 of the HF solution, anodizing time of 10 minutes, and a 20 V applied potential from a direct current power supply. After the anodization process the heat treatment of the samples was performed at 300, 500, and 700°C to observe the phase transformation from an amorphous titanium dioxide to anatase and rutile phase. The surface morphology was observed using field emission-scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive x-ray to identify the percentage of the elemental composition present after the anodization process and the phase changes by x-ray diffraction (XRD).
Effect of Machining of Aluminium Alloys with Emphasis on Aluminium 6061 Alloy – A Review
Authors: Samuel A U , Araoyinbo A O , Elewa R R , Biodun M B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aluminium alloy is one of the most widely used engineering materials due to their relatively lower specific weight and corrosion resistance compared to steel. Besides, they are also relatively easier to machine. Aluminium alloys have been found to provide the highest degree of machinability compared to other lightweight metal such as titanium and magnesium alloys. Among every other type of aluminium alloy, the 6061 aluminium alloy has been used for general purposes due to some interesting attributes it possesses when compared to others. The investigation on the effect of machining condition on the corrosion of 6061 aluminium alloy has shown that the machining via electrical discharged provides better resistance to pitting corrosion than the diamond and carbide turning machine. Drilling, turning and cutting may influence the mechanical characteristics of the workpiece by producing hole opening around the low residual stresses and a small layer of extremely stressed material on the newly created surface, making it to become more prone to fatigue, crack propagation and corrosion at the stressed surface. The machining surface integrity has great influences on the fatigue lifetime of material since micro-cracks always initiate at the surface. The traditional machining techniques compared to the non-traditional or non-conventional techniques are more susceptible to the induction of poor surface integrity due to direct contact between the tool and workpiece which are characterised by several damage defects such as micro-cracks, surface hardening, roughness and residual tensile. This paper therefore provides an overview of the classes of aluminium alloys, there applications and machining of the alloys with a keen focus on 6061 aluminium alloy and exposition of various machining technique with both their beneficial and non-beneficial effects on the workpiece, tool life and the environment.
Experimental Assessment of Properties of Earth Soil Used in Concrete Production
Authors: Ogunbayo BF , Aigbavboa OC , Ogundipe KE , Akinradewo OI , Amusan LM , Afolabi AO 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Soil as an aggregate material is one of the major ingredients for concrete production. One of the soils used as a fine aggregate material for general construction most especially concrete production is the earth soil without resorting to its properties and mechanical analysis. It is based on this that the study assessed the physical properties of the earth soil and mechanical properties of concrete produced through it. In assessing the physical properties’ quality of the earth soil sampled analysis such as grain size distribution, percentage of silt content, water absorption, loose and rodding bulk density, specific gravity, and percentage of void were carried out. Also, mechanical properties of concrete produced with the earth soil were carried out using the compressive strength testing machine. The finding of the study showed that the result of the property analyses carried out on the earth soil does not meet the expected result as stipulated in ASTM C29 / C29M-17a. Also, the result of the mechanical properties of the concrete produced showed that the strength of the concrete decrease as the age of the concrete progresses from 11.23% (7 days), 6.87% (14 days) to 13.12% (28 days). The study suggested that the earth soil is not a standalone aggregate material suitable for construction work most especially concrete production. The study concluded that to boost the property quality of the earth soil, a certain percentage of the aggregate should be stabilized using a well graded fine aggregate material such as river sand in order to boost it suitability for general construction work most especially concrete production.
Application of laccase in aflatoxin B1 degradation: a review
Authors: Okwara P.C. , Afolabi I.S. , Ahuekwe E.F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The second component of the sustainable development goals, which is focused on zero hunger can only be actualized when safety issues that affect food security are tackled. In addressing food safety issues, the decontamination of aflatoxin b1 is a priority. Aflatoxin b1 is a class of mycotoxin that predominantly contaminates crops and their derivative processed foods. It has been reported to trigger the formation of cancer cells as well as pose a serious health challenge in humans that consume the contaminated food. The effective use of laccase enzyme (a ligninolytic enzyme) as an agent of bioremediation for wastewater and industrial effluent treatment initiated its use in aflatoxin degradation. This review highlights the potentials of laccase enzyme as a useful tool in aflatoxin b1 degradation. Also considered is the proposed mechanisms by which laccase enzyme catalyzes aflatoxin b1 degradation, and the factors affecting laccase activity such as temperature, ph, mediators and inhibitors. Studies have shown that due to the non-phenolic characteristic of aflatoxin b1, laccase-catalyzed aflatoxin degradation requires a long time, and was more effective in the presence of a mediator. Various reports observed different degradation time from 55 mins to 72 hours. Such degradation could be > 50 % after 48 hours of exposure to laccase. Furthermore, the use of laccase prevents the presence of chemical residue after treatment giving it advantage over the application of the existing chemical methods. This method provides a safer means of degrading aflatoxin b1 with minimal loss of the nutritional quality of treated food sample.
Application of Digital Logic Method in the Selection of Suitable Polymeric Materials for Ceiling Tiles Production
Authors: Balogun O. A. , Adediran A. A. , Akinwande A. A. , Olayanju T. M. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Polymeric materials are widely employed in the production of ceiling tiles due to their attractive qualities such as thermal insulation, low water absorption characteristics, light weight, availability, cost effectiveness and their good surface finishing. This study focused on the production, property characterization and the optimization of five different polymer composite material which are 20SE (20 wt.% of sisal reinforced epoxy), 20JH (20 wt.% jute fiber reinforced high density polyethylene), 20BP (20 wt.% bagasse fiber reinforced polypropylene), 6CP (20 wt.% coconut shell ash reinforced Polyvinyl chloride) and 20CL (20 wt.% cotton reinforced low density polyethylene). Selected properties considered are flexural and tensile strengths, thermal conductivity, water absorption and bulk density. The values obtained after characterization were evaluated using digital logic method so as to determine the composite material with the optimum property while putting their cost effectiveness into consideration. The result showed that 20BP (20 wt.% bagasse fiber reinforced polypropylene composite) had the highest performance index and figure of merit, making it the most preferred polymeric composite for ceiling tiles application.
Computational Modelling of the Effect of Coiling on Haemodynamics in Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Onyishi H. O. , Oluah C.K. , Ejenakevwe K.A , Jacobs I.O. , Anyaoha C.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the effect of coiling on haemodynamics in cerebral aneurysms. The flow of blood into aneurysms usually leads to rupturing which is fatal. To prevent this flow, coils could be inserted into the aneurysm. The simulations of the haemodynamics in such a coiled aneurysm have been carried out using state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics, CFD, software. To have a basis of analysis and comparison, the haemodynamics of the uncoiled aneurysm is also simulated and reported. To ensure grid independence, the mesh size for the first case is refined until there is convergence in the results obtained. The results obtained show that blood flow into the aneurysm can be stopped by coiling the aneurysm, thereby preventing rupture of the aneurysm.
Didactic Analysis Of Active-Passive Fire Safety Measures In Tejuosho Ultra Modern Market Complex, Yaba, Lagos
Authors: Aderonmu P. A. , Eghobamien O.V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fire outbreaks are a leading cause of loss of property and lives in the Nigerian market scene and its neighbouring areas. Although this menace of market fire outbreak has been a recurring index since the early 2000s up till now, a lot of marketplaces still do not have standard fire protection measures in place to prevent fire spread. Neither are they adequately equipped for efficient fire outbreak control. This study investigated the existing active and passive fire safety measures adopted in Tejuosho ultramodern market to create policy guidelines for effective fire safety management practices. This study was carried out in Tejuosho market, Yaba, Lagos because it is one of the most recent market developments where effective fire protection strategies were put in place. Primary data for this research was obtained employing observation and questionnaires. The study revealed that all the active fire protection measures put in place have been well maintained, regularly serviced, highly effective and supported by the passive measures. This study recommended didactic procedures and strategies accessible to the market users and traders whenever an emergency fire outbreak occurs.
Effect of Heat Treatment Methods on the Fatigue Behaviour of Hammermill: A Review
Authors: Edun B.M. , Ajayi O. O. , Babalola P.O. , Salawu E.Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The production of reliable and sustainable hammermill involves heat treatment which is part of overall cost of production. Heat treatment has engrossed a lot of interests since it is one of the main production methods to improve corrosion resistance of coatings, enhancing malleability, hardness and strength to lessen mechanical or chemical damage. Nevertheless, various heat treatment procedures had resulted to hammermill failure as a result of material wear, erosive wear, impact wear, machine clogging and shock loading wear which eventually affects the efficiency of the hammermill. The study thus engrossed on some particular thermal treatment on mild steels and their impacts on hammermill applications. Progressive loss of material (wear) is a common failure that leads to hammermill fatigue due to cyclic stress posed on the hammers based on literature reviews. The mode of quenching and especially the discrepancy in the concentration affects the efficiency of the crushing unit. The fatigue performance of materials is being enhanced due to stress-relief heat treatment which makes it possible to increase the strength and ductility of the samples. However, the utilization of experimental model and simulation approach for stress prediction for the study is further recommended.
Passivation behaviour and localized corrosion activities of non-toxic surfactant derivatives on Copper
Authors: Elendu I.O. , Odulanmi O.A. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Williams A.B. , Daramola M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper surfactant extracted from Zea mays was experimented on as a corrosion inhibitor for Copper in 0.5 M HCl solution using electrochemical measurement at 298 K at several surfactant concentrations. Open circuit potential measurement, polarization analysis, adsorption, SEM/EDX analysis, were investigated to find out how effective the surfactant is as an inhibitor on Copper. Results gotten depicts that the surfactant extracted from Zea mays performed excellently on Copper as the peak efficiency of inhibition of 86.99% at 20ml. The electrochemical polarization data revealed the inhibitor behaves as an inhibitor of the anodic type. Temkin isotherm of adsorption explained the surfactant adsorption onto the copper layer. SEM/EDX studies indicated that the corrosive impact on copper surface reduced due to the addition of the surfactant. The polarization tests have shown strong concordance with the SEM images.
Information and Communication Technologies for construction services in South Africa: A PROCSA Scope
Authors: Odubiyi T.B. , Aigbavboa C. O. , Thwala W. D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Professional Client/Consultants Service Agreement Committee (PROCSA) document describes the scope of construction services in South Africa into six stages spanning from stage 0 to stage 6. This study identified the ICT tool used from the project initiation (stage 0) to the construction (stage 5) in the South African construction industry. In this research, construction is classified into the planning, design/estimation, and actual construction. This study determines the ICT tools used in South Africa for construction activities. Through a questionnaire survey for construction stakeholders. An exploratory factor analysis revealed three clusters for the planning, two for the design/estimation, and three for the actual construction. As an implication, this study provides a framework for ICT tools as an infrastructure for development.
Oxidation and Corrosion properties of a Novel Al15Ti30Si30Mo15Ni10 High Entropy Alloy fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering Technology
Authors: Kanyane L. R. , Popoola A.P.I , Malatji N. , Mthisi A , Fayomi O.S.I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The need for new advanced high temperature materials is in high demand. High Entropy Alloy (HEAs) has been described to possess excellent mechanical oxidation and good corrosion resistance properties even far above the ambient temperature. Attempts are made in this research to study the corrosion, oxidation, microhardness and densification properties of Al15Ti30Si30Mo15Ni10 HEA produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) for high temperature applications. In addition, the effects of SPS temperature (800, 900 and 1000°C) on the microstructure and phase formation of the developed HEA were reported. The microstructural modification and phases present were examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) respectively. Ordered FCC and BCC systems were identified along with clearly defined crystal lattice along with Mo, Ti and Si rich regions were observed. No pores or cracks were observed from the microstructures. Densification of 98.8% accompanied with microhardness of 1445.29HV was achieved for both HEA at 1000°C. The Al15Ti30Si30Mo15Ni10 HEA fabricated at 1000°C displayed a higher polarization value of 3477 Ω.
Geo located alert via bottom up IoT model in times of COVID-19 and other disasters
Authors: Lekshmy H O , Krishnaprasad T R , Vishwanath Gupta G , Namitha K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Various disasters either man made or natural have necessitated people around the world to adopt ad-hoc practices in managing or mitigating the aftermath of the disaster. In times of a pandemic or prolonged flood or war it is even more pertinent that people do not detach up on the precautionary/advisory measures. This paper proposes a mechanism integrating a mobile app with other IoT devices, using which the public can participate in issuing a broadcast alert in their locality.
Reviewing the Challenges in Maintaining the Reliability and Accuracy of IOT Systems for Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Authors: Sekar Kalaiarasan , Shah Shahani Aman , Antony Athithan A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Internet of things (IoT) has been implemented in aviation predictive maintenance in recent years for the enhancement of better maintenance prediction, to reduce downtime, unnecessary maintenance actions, increase safety, increase system readiness, and refine the management process and to improve component design. The IoT system in predictive maintenance is very optimistic in gathering and analysing, predicting the component failures and to determine the remaining useful life of a systems. Since Remaining useful life of an system is defines as the length from the current time to the end of its useful life. Due to its futuristic increasing demand of IoT in aviation maintenance, the biggest challenge is to ensuring the reliability and accuracy of any specific IoT system allotted for monitoring aircraft components in the near future. Hence, this review paper clearly explains the challenges associated with IoT systems on predicting Remaining useful life.
Design Study of an Electric Motorcycle Chassis Obtained using Topology Optimization
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Irfan , Dorlikar Pankaj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rising Carbon emission and associated pollution forcing government of India to make stringent emission norms and policies. Hence, it is need of the hour to switch to alternative fuels such as electricity. About 60% of the petrol consumption in India is attributed to the motorcycles and there hasn’t been significant research in the electric mobility in motorcycles. This work is based on study of an electric motorcycle chassis with integrated battery-pack space that has been obtained as a conceptual geometry using topology optimization. The layout of the chassis for this work has been obtained by applying topology optimization on a design domain representing a space obtained on the basis of presently available dimensional measurements of commuter segment motorcycles in India. The chassis has been subjected to linear static and modal analysis for further enhancing the strength, stiffness and natural frequency using the design study approach on critical region.
The thermal and stress analysis of disc brake
Authors: Sainath Alampally , Dehadray Prathamesh Mahesh , Bharath P. , Rao Lokavarapu Bhaskara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Braking system has huge importance in vehicles. The disc brake is one of the most important amongst the brake rotors. Brake rotors generate opposing torque on the shaft of the wheel thus converts the kinetic energy of the wheel to heat. The braking components are used to decelerate the vehicle by friction developed on to the wheel when brake is applied. The heat is produced during friction, which will cause negative effects on the brake assembly. This study is to analyze the motor cycle disc brake, which affects the surface of the disc. In order to get those effects on the disc surface the thermal stress analysis and thermal deformation is analyzed using ANSYS. This analysis is used to avoid the damage of the disc due to heat generation. In this study, different materials are compared to choose optimum one for the better performance to deformation, temperature and stresses.
Improving Sound Absorption coefficient and analysis of polyurethane foam reinforced with wood powder
Authors: Gokul M , Gowtham T , Jeyanthi S , Lenin babu M C , jayamani Elammaran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When it comes to acoustic insulation Polyurethane foam plays a very vital role for various sound absorption applications. The interest of this paper is to spot out the best combination of bio-based porous materials to obtain the best acoustic property. Here the porous materials used are polyurethane foam, pine wood with air gap. The sound absorption depends on the material properties such as Flow resistivity, porosity, tortuosity, thermal characteristic length and physical characteristic length, the different combinations of materials with air gap are being tested for sound absorption coefficient using impendence tube method using COMSOL. The results are being compared with numerical values obtained using impedance tube that helps us to present the best combination which provides the maximum sound absorption.
The use of programs complexes “Ansys” and “Plaxis 3D” in assessing the influence of the density of sand base on the modulus of deformation
Authors: Antonov V , Al-Naqdi I , Monastyrev P , Pakhomova E , Amelin V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents a comparison of the values of the soil deformability characteristics obtained at different densities of the sand base based on the results of laboratory tests3 and the results of computer modeling, using the software systems "ANSYS" and "Plaxis 3D".It was found that for loose sandy soils, at densities of 1.48 – 1.53 g/cm
3, close to experimental values of the deformation modulus were obtained using a three-dimensional finite-element model of polylinear isotropic hardening "PLAS (Miso)," in the program "ANSYS." For average density bases at ρ = 1.55 – 1.66 g/cm3 minimum differences between experimental and numerical values were obtained using the «Plaxis 3D» complex.