bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threat of hostile takeover and the cost of seasoned equity offerings
Authors: Sheikhbahaei Ali , Shams Syed 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper investigates the relationship between a firm's susceptibility to a hostile takeover and investors' reactions to a seasoned equity offering (SEO).Design/methodology/approachThe study applies ordinary least squares (OLS) with fixed effects regression analyses to a sample of 2,517 observations from US listed companies. Event study methodology was employed to capture market reactions to the announcement of newly issued stocks. To achieve cross-sectional analyses, time variations in takeover laws allowed us to perform the desired tests across two decades of data.FindingsThe results suggest that investors react positively to the announcement of an equity offering when the threat of hostile takeover is higher. The magnitude of positive stock market reactions varies over two decades due to time series variations in takeover laws. Furthermore, the findings show that a higher hostile takeover index (HTI) score reduces investors' concerns about the inefficient usage of proceeds in acquisitions.Practical implicationsThe results demonstrate that the corporate takeover legal environment provides an important external governance mechanism through which investors' confidence increases during an SEO event. The study's empirical evidence implies that the extent of external disciplinary mechanism plays a significant role in reducing investors' uncertainty about the misuse of raised capital.Originality/valueThe exogenous fast-evolving legal environment surrounding the takeover market in the United Status allowed our study to bypass the endogeneity concerns in measuring governance strength. From the review of prior literature, this paper appears to be the first to use HTI scores to examine investors' reactions to a corporate announcement.
Inventory classification system in space mission component replenishment using multi-attribute fuzzy ABC classification
Authors: Yung Kai Leung , Ho George To Sum , Tang Yuk Ming , Ip Wai Hung 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis project attempts to present a space component inventory classification system for space inventory replenishment and management. The authors propose to adopt a classification system that can incorporate all the different variables in a multi-criteria configuration. Fuzzy logic is applied as an effective way for formulating classification problems in space inventory replenishment.Design/methodology/approachA fuzzy-based approach with ABC classification is proposed to incorporate all the different variables in a multi-criteria configuration. Fuzzy logic is applied as an effective way for formulating classification problems in space inventory replenishment of the soil preparation system (SOPSYS) which is used in grinding and sifting Phobos rocks to sub-millimeter size in the Phobos-Grunt space mission. An information system was developed using the existing platform and was used to support the key aspects in performing inventory classification and purchasing optimization.FindingsThe proposed classification system was found to be able to classify the inventory and optimize the purchasing decision efficiency. Based on the information provided from the system, implementation plans for the SOPSYS project and related space projects can be proposed.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper addresses one of the main difficulties in handling qualitative or quantitative classification criteria. The model can be implemented using mathematical calculation tools and integrated into the existing inventory management system. The proposed model has important implications in optimizing the purchasing decisions to shorten the research and development of other space instruments in space missions.Originality/valueInventory management in the manufacture of space instruments is one of the major problems due to the complexity of the manufacturing process and the large variety of items. The classification system can optimize purchasing decision-making in the inventory management process. It is also designed to be flexible and can be implemented for the manufacture of other space mission instruments.
Identifying the required infrastructure to improve the jack-up maintenance process based on effective criteria in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Farizhendy Mojgan Mortezaei , Golabchi Mahmood , Noorzai Esmatullah 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to identify the effective criteria and determine the required infrastructure for the repair of drilling rigs.

Design/methodology/approach
The research was carried out through questionnaires and interviews with experts, including consultants, contractors and operators. A long list of the required infrastructure, dividing into three groups of vital, necessary and support, was prepared and compared with the productivity criteria.

Findings
The results show that it is better to prepare and upgrade the vital, necessary and supportive equipment in the shipyards, including refrigeration workshop, cofferdam for repairing spudcans and residential and educational places.

Practical implications
These results are helpful for the industries working on jack-ups and the countries having similar conditions to enable them to use their assets in an optimum way.

Originality/value
Oil drilling rigs' repair and maintenance (R&M) services are essential because of affecting the economy. Furthermore, about 25% of Iran’s oil drilling rigs are jack-up, needing overhauls every five years. Other research has investigated how to repair jack-ups, their incidents, their R&M industry market and, only in some cases mentioned, cost and time criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the criteria and study the infrastructures in the shipyards.
Does ownership structure and market sentiment affect the performance of IPOs in India in short run? A dynamic panel data analysis
Authors: Singla Harish Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study aims to compare the short-run performance of construction and non-construction initial public offerings (IPOs) that are offered in India during 2006–2015. The study also attempts to investigate the impact of ownership structure (i.e. concentrated ownership in the hand of promoters and institutional ownership) and market sentiment on the performance of construction sector IPOs in short run.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 281 IPOs were listed at National Stock Exchange, India, during the study period, and 44 of those were from construction sector. The short-run performance of these construction and non-construction IPOs was compared using two indicators, i.e. monthly stock return (SR) and excess return over market benchmark (MAR). To examine the effect of concentrated ownership in the hand of promoters, institutional ownership and market sentiment on IPO performance, systematic dynamic panel regression model was developed.

Findings
The IPOs of construction firms perform significantly better than the non-construction firms. The performance of construction IPOs is significantly driven by the lag effect. This suggests a significant informational inefficiency, which results in a delayed reaction by investors. The market sentiment has a positive influence on the performance of construction sector IPOs, whereas the institutional holding has a negative influence.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first attempt to examine the performance of construction sector IPOs in short run. The study uses systematic dynamic panel data regression, which provides better and reliable estimates.
Sharing of tacit knowledge in volunteer Portuguese firefighters – paths to diagnosis
Authors: Oliveira Márcio José Sol Pereira , Pinheiro Paulo 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Focusing on the study of tacit knowledge sharing in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in Portugal and taking as a case study the Portuguese voluntary firefighters, this study aims to identify the most relevant factors for sharing tacit knowledge and identify the types of barriers most prevalent to such sharing in these organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review on tacit knowledge sharing allowed the identification of indicators and barriers to the sharing of this knowledge. This was followed by a mixed methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques through questionnaires and interviews, whose treatment allowed to determine the indicators that influence each of these factors and which types of barriers.

Findings
Three factors have been identified that lead to the sharing of tacit knowledge within these organizations: organizational culture, individual characteristics and organizational structure. Four typologies of barriers were identified: communicational, technological, personal and resource or infrastructure.

Research limitations/implications
The present research focuses exclusively on the sharing of tacit knowledge, not considering other forms of knowledge. As a case study, although with heterogeneous organizations, the same cannot be replicated to different realities.

Practical implications
The investigation of the main factors and the main types of barriers that arise to the sharing of tacit knowledge in these organizations may serve as a basis for the creation of diagnostic and intervention tools.

Originality/value
Studies in this area targeting NPOs are scarce, as opposed to what is happening in the private and public sectors. The option of a case study of organizations such as the Portuguese fire brigades, unique in their action and identity, accompanies the need increasingly recognized by society, in enabling these organizations of competencies for the best possible performance, in the face of tragic events that have occurred in recent years in Portugal.
Cordate-shaped UWB-MIMO antenna with notch band characteristic and high isolation
Authors: Pannu Preeti , Sharma Devendra Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to design a most demanding low profile and compact ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna system for various wireless applications. The performance (in terms of data rate) of UWB system is improved by using multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology with it. Owing to the overlap of other existing licensed bands with that of UWB, electromagnetic signals can interfere. So, notched band UWB MIMO antenna system reported here which is highly compact, bandwidth efficient, superior data rate and high inter-element isolation comparatively to other reported designs.

Design/methodology/approach
A 49 × 49 × 1.6 mm3 quad-port UWB MIMO antenna with specific bandwidth elimination property is designed. The proposed planar MIMO configuration comprises unique four identical “Cordate-shaped” monopole radiators fed by 2.3-mm thick microstrip-lines. The radiators are located right-angled to each other to enhance inter-element isolation. Further, a different approach of slitted-substrate is applied to minimize the overall size and mutual coupling of the MIMO antenna, as a substitute of decoupling and matching structures. The defected ground structure is used to obtain −10 dB impedance bandwidth in entire UWB band, without compromising with the lower cut-off frequency response. Further, to eliminate the undesired resonant band (WLAN at 5.5 GHz) from UWB, a rounded split ring resonator is introduced in monopole patch.

Findings
In the entire operating band of 2.8 to 11 GHz, isolation among elements is more than 24 dB, envelope correlation coefficient less than 0.002, diversity gain greater than 9.99 dB and TARC less than −7 dB are obtained at all 4-ports.

Research limitations/implications
The measured parameters of the fabricated prototype antenna on FR4 substrate are found in good agreement with the simulated results. The small variation in software results and hardware results are observed due to hardware design limitations.

Practical implications
The proposed design may be used for any wireless application following in the range of UWB.

Originality/value
It can be shown from graphs of measured parameters of the fabricated prototype antenna. They found to be in good agreement with the simulated results.
Cognitive decline among individuals with history of mild symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A longitudinal prospective study nested to a population cohort
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Wu Shasha , Mera Robertino M. , Costa Aldo F. , Recalde Bettsy Y. , Issa Naoum P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeNeurological complications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are noticed among critically ill patients soon after disease onset. Information on delayed neurological sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is nil. Following a longitudinal study design, the occurrence of cognitive decline among individuals with a history of mild symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was assessed.MethodsStroke‐ and seizure‐free Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years, who had pre‐pandemic cognitive assessments as well as normal brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram recordings, underwent repeated evaluations 6 months after a SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak infection in Atahualpa. Patients requiring oxygen therapy, hospitalization, and those who had initial neurological manifestations were excluded. Cognitive decline was defined as a reduction in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score between the post‐pandemic and pre‐pandemic assessments that was ≥4 points greater than the reduction observed between two pre‐pandemic MoCAs. The relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and cognitive decline was assessed by fitting logistic mixed models for longitudinal data as well as exposure‐effect models.ResultsOf 93 included individuals (mean age 62.6 ± 11 years), 52 (56%) had a history of mild symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Post‐pandemic MoCA decay was worse in seropositive individuals. Cognitive decline was recognized in 11/52 (21%) seropositive and 1/41 (2%) seronegative individuals. In multivariate analyses, the odds for developing cognitive decline were 18.1 times higher among SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositive individuals (95% confidence interval 1.75–188; p = 0.015). Exposure‐effect models confirmed this association (β = 0.24; 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.41; p = 0.006).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of cognitive decline among individuals with mild symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The pathogenesis of this complication remains unknown.
Increasing climatic sensitivity of global grassland vegetation biomass and species diversity correlates with water availability
Authors: Liu Daijun , Zhang Chao , Ogaya Romà , Fernández‐Martínez Marcos , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: February 2021

SummaryGrasslands are key repositories of biodiversity and carbon storage and are heavily impacted by effects of global warming and changes in precipitation regimes. Patterns of grassland dynamics associated with variability in future climate conditions across spatiotemporal scales are yet to be adequately quantified. Here, we performed a global meta‐analysis of year and growing season sensitivities of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB), aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and species richness (SR) and diversity (Shannon index, H) to experimental climate warming and precipitation shifts. All four variables were sensitive to climate change. Their sensitivities to shifts in precipitation were correlated with local background water availability, such as mean annual precipitation (MAP) and aridity, and AGB and ANPP sensitivities were greater in dry habitats than in nonwater‐limited habitats. There was no effect of duration of experiment (short vs long term) on sensitivities. Temporal trends in ANPP and SR sensitivity depended on local water availability; ANPP sensitivity to warming increased over time and SR sensitivity to irrigation decreased over time. Our results provide a global overview of the sensitivities of grassland function and diversity to climate change that will improve the understanding of ecological responses across spatiotemporal scales and inform policies for conservation in dry climates.
Design for Complexity Reduction of Fuel Sender Assembly
Authors: Greer James , Chen Li , Rao S. S. , Cipra R. J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work presents a design methodology to address the complexity reduction of fuel-sender assembly. The current fuel-sender design is reviewed first by considering the present assembly, and then the complexity involved in the design and manufacturing processes are discussed. Using the current situation as the baseline, the proposed design is deployed for each subassembly of the fuel sender, along with parts manufacturability, assembly, and cost analyses, focusing on reducing the complexity of the fuel sender assembly. The group technology concepts are applied to the fuel level sensor, in which a shape factor and corresponding design control charts are defined and proposed for grouping particular fuel tank configurations with individual sensors. The optimum robust design techniques are considered for portions of the design proposed. Two goals are simultaneously targeted while satisfying the behavior constraints in the design phase. These goals are to reduce component cost, and to minimize the uncertainties associated with the manufacturing process. The results of the optimization analysis are used to produce the design drawings. The design proposed is intended as a first iteration, and will certainly be modified to become even more efficient in future iterations.
Design Optimization of Rigid-Body Mechanisms via Multidimensional CSG
Authors: Wise Kevin D. , Eisenthal David C. R. , Bowyer Adrian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we describe a new multidimensional constructive solid geometry technique for creating a configuration-space map for a group of objects of almost arbitrary geometry. We then outline our plans for a design optimization system for mechanisms which exploits the ability of our technique to handle objects which are defined parametrically.
Computation of Geometric Properties of Cross Sections With Holes and/or Inserts Based on Scanned Binary Data
Authors: Pao Y. C. , Ritman E. L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Formulas have been derived for computation of the cross sectional area, location of the centroid, and moments of inertia making direct use of the binary-data which are to be collected from computer-tomographical scanning of porous materials. Bone data are applied to demonstrate the developed computational procedure and interactive operation of QuickBASIC programs.
Modeling and Simulation of an Asymmetric Mine-Soil-Structure Interaction Problem
Authors: Gupta Aaron D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An asymmetric mine-soil-structure interaction problem with two competing plate thicknesses was modeled using a hydrodynamic code. The plate acts as a momentum trap for a vertical impulse test facility proposed at the Aberdeen Proving Ground. The model allows simulation of complex asymmetric explosive-soil-structure interaction effects and generates loading and response of the plate due to varying center line offset, stand-off, depth of soil overburden and explosive contents. The objective is to select a minimally thick plate which must survive the interaction without any significant residual permanent deformation.
Analysis of Multiple Stage Hydroforming of Sheet Metal With Intermediate Annealing
Authors: Gandikota Varadaraju A. , Madhavan Viswanathan , Hooper Steven J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a finite element simulation of multistage hydroforming of sheet metal parts with annealing between forming stages, implemented using the commercial explicit dynamic code LS-DYNA. In each of the hydroforming stages, the sheet is formed to the shape of the die used in that stage by the application of fluid pressure on the top surface of the sheet. At the end of each stage, the stresses in the part are relieved and changes in material properties due to various heat treatments are accommodated while maintaining the deformed geometry of the part, including sheet thickness variations. In this manner the forming of an aircraft engine nacelle inlet lip in three stages with annealing between the stages has been simulated. In addition, single stage hydroforming to the final shape and three stage forming without intermediate annealing have been simulated. The results are used to compare the effectiveness of intermediate die shapes to the effectiveness of intermediate heat treatments in extending sheet metal formability. It is found that intermediate heat treatments enhance the ability of intermediate die shapes to promote uniform deformation of the sheet.
Web-Based Cad Tools for a Networked Manufacturing Service
Authors: Wang Fu-Chung F. , Wright Paul K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
New techniques in Information Technology are now changing not only our daily life, but also the professional practice of product design and manufacturing for new product development. Internet technology in particular opens up another domain for building future CAD/CAM environments. This environment will be a global, network-centric environment with various members providing different software tools, manufacturing facilities, and analysis services for distributed design and fabrication. In this paper, we first briefly describe a vision and current development in a distributed design and manufacturing environment. The paper then emphasizes how current CAD tools will evolve to facilitate the distributed design and fabrication process. In particular, the development of a set of Web-based design tools for fabricating parts using a machining process via the Internet is presented. Experiments on machining 2-1/2 D and freeform parts through this Java-based design tool have shown the feasibility for a networked machining service via the Internet.
Embedded PC Control System for a Highway Crack Sealing Machine
Authors: Feng X. , Bennett D. A. , Velinsky S. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the hardware and software design of the embedded control system for a highway crack sealing machine. A long-reach robotic manipulator has been specially designed for this application. In order to ensure the reliability and performance of the system, a unique distributed and multiprocessor architecture is used. The architecture is designed to employ the reliability of Windows NT and a graphical user interface while concurrently allowing real-time operation. By implementing embedded PC technologies, the software development process has benefited from the widely available off-the-shelf 32-bit software and programming tools. This paper discusses the use of both Visual C++ (MFC) and Visual Basic to realize a modern mechanical-electronic engineering system with minimum programming efforts. The communication between applications and over the network is also described with an emphasis on building an Internet-aware embedded system that has tremendous application potential.