bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational radiation exposure of orthopedists at different locations during pedicle screw insertion: An anthropomorphic phantom study
Authors: Chiang Hsien-Wen , Wu Re-Wen , Yin Tsung-Cheng , Li Jung-Hui , Wang Yue-Sheng , Lin Li-Han 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this work was to evaluate orthopedic surgeons’ exposure to occupational radiation doses from scattering using a mobile flat panel C-arm X-ray machine at different standing positions during an intraoperative pedicle screw implantation. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the radiation dose received by medical staff, by applying flat X-ray machine in surgical room during an intraoperative pedicle screw implantation. METHODS: A mobile flat-panel C-arm X-ray machine at a dedicated orthopedic operating room was used to image an anthropomorphic female phantom which was set in a prone position on the operating table. The X-ray was projected horizontally, and 1 minute continuous fluoroscopy was used for lumbar spine and thoracolumbar spine during pedicle screw implantation. Scattering radiation doses to orthopedic surgeons were measured at different standing positions and body heights (50, 100, 150 cm above the ground) with and without limited collimations. RESULTS: The dose area product (DAP) in this experiment is normalized as 343 μGy⋅m2. In the four areas, the lowest scattered radiation measured by DF is 11.2 vs. 0.7 μSv, outside and inside the lead suit, respectively, with or without restricted field, 150 cm above the ground, and the lowest scattered radiation dose inside the lead suit. It is 1.3 vs. 0.5 μSv. Comparing the highest dose of the TF at with the lowest dose of the DF, the average result is 73.7 vs. 11.1 μSv, P< 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Using a mobile flat-panel C-arm X-ray machine during a pedicle screw implantation, the minimum scattering radiation to surgeons was found to be at the terminal DF area based on the analysis of the scattering doses orthopedic surgeons were exposed to.
Role of Packaging in Society and the Environment
Authors: Berger Kenneth 
Published: March 2021

According to a 1990 report from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the largest segment of municipal solid waste is the Containers/Packaging component. Whether by weight (32 percent) or by volume (30 percent),containers and packaging products are the dominant materials in the waste stream. Packaging is so abundant in the solid waste system because it impacts so many aspects of life, commercially as well as privately. In fact, modern society could not exist without a mature and advanced packaging system, and packaging coincideswith society's wants and needs. We choose what packaging is used by what we purchase. This document is ABE336, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published Dec 2002. Minor revision: Dec 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae207
Specialty Cut Flower Production Guides for Florida: Sunflower
Authors: Schoellhorn Rick , Emino Everett , Alvarez Erin 
Published: March 2021

One of the four native American commercial crops of global importance, sunflowers are grown for oil seed, snack seed, birdseed, and garden flowers. In addition, they are now widely grown for cut flower production as a specialty cut flower. Sunflowers are drought tolerant, grow in full sun, and grow in a wide range of soil conditions as annuals and perennials. They are used in the landscape for borders, screening, or in containers. Many cultivars are available in colors that range from yellow to bronze, red, or cream. New cultivars have been introduced especially for bedding and cut flower use, as the familiar old cultivars and agronomic oil seed typesare not well suited for these purposes. With proper cultivar selection, the flowering season in Florida is long and limited only by freezing temperatures. This document is ENH885, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date February 23, 2003.
Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Anthurium
Authors: Chen Jianjun , McConnell Dennis B. , Henny Richard J. , Everitt Kelly C. 
Published: March 2021

The intent of this article is to describe common species and cultivars in the foliage plant industry, provide guidelines for their culture and interior use, and list physiological problems that may be encountered during production and interiorscape use. This document is ENH956, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date August 1, 2003.
ENH956/EP159: Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Anthurium (ufl.edu)
Production Costs and Commodity Budgets for Selected Florida Vegetables
Authors: Smith Scott A. , Taylor Timothy G. 
Published: March 2021

The vegetable budgets presented in these reports are intended to reflect production practices that are considered typical for any given crop in a given area. A consensus of opinion among UF/IFAS personnel and various producers in each production area define typical production practices for each crop. Cost estimates resulting from this process should not be considered as representing the average cost of production in a statistical sense, nor should they be considered as necessarily relating to recommended production practices. The intent of these cost budgets is to establish a benchmark within the range of actual costs that could be expected to produce the crop. This is EDIS document FE436, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published November 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe436
Florida Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation Handbook: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Authors: Olexa Michael T. , Leviten Aaron , Samek Kelly 
Published: March 2021

Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act to assure that the workplace environment is safe and healthy. To fulfill this purpose, OSHA authorized the Secretary of Labor, who is the head of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, to set and enforce safety standards for employees working in dangerous circumstances such as handling hazardous wastes. This is EDIS document FE447, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published December 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe447
Florida Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation Handbook: Hazardous Materials Transportation Authorization Act (HMTAA)
Authors: Olexa Michael T. , Leviten Aaron , Samek Kelly 
Published: March 2021

In 1994, Congress enacted the Hazardous Materials Transportation Authorization Act (HMTAA) to provide protection against the risks to life and property during the transportation of hazardous materials. HMTAA broadened the regulatory and enforcement authority of the Secretary of Transportation. The statute is so comprehensive that it covers the transportation of hazardous materials by: aircraft, rail, ships, and vehicles. This is EDIS document FE449, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published December 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe449
Florida Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation Handbook: Ocean Dumping Act (ODA)
Authors: Olexa Michael T. , Leviten Aaron , Samek Kelly 
Published: March 2021

The Ocean Dumping Act regulates: the dumping of materials into the United States territorial ocean waters and the transportation of materials for the purpose of dumping. The purpose of the statute is to strictly limit ocean disposal of any material that would negatively affect: human health, the marine environment, ecological systems, and potential economic endeavors. This is EDIS document FE451, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published December 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe451
Florida Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation Handbook: Local Government Structuring
Authors: Olexa Michael T. , Leviten Aaron , Samek Kelly 
Published: March 2021

The laws of local governments are called ordinances. These local laws have the authority of the state behind them and you can be prosecuted for violating them, much the same as state laws. Local governments have procedural protections similar to those of the state, but these may vary among the local governments. The legislature can also affect local policy and issues through the passage of special laws that apply only to a certain locale. This is EDIS document FE456, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published December 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe456
Florida Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation Handbook: Contact Agencies
Authors: Olexa Michael T. , Leviten Aaron , Samek Kelly 
Published: March 2021

This is EDIS document FE468, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published December 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe468
Ornamental Teaching Gardens: Design, Development, and Use
Authors: Wilson Sandra B. , Minton Tara M. , Mecca Laurie K. , Gersony Judith 
Published: March 2021

The teaching gardens at the University of Florida's (UF) Indian River Research and Education Center (IRREC) were developed as an outdoor teaching laboratory to provide on-site plant collections for hands-on learning activities. The educational value of the gardens is witnessed daily by demonstrated landscape design principles and visible plant nomenclature. This is EDIS document FE469, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published January 2004.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe469
2021 Guidelines for Operation and Usage of County Kitchens in the State of Florida
Authors: Simonne Amarat , Wilson Tim , Sachs Geralyn , Hilliard Chris , Von Bodungen Steven , Felter Liz 
Published: March 2021

Many county Extension office buildings have small kitchens or areas for food preparation to accommodate employees, group educational events, and other mission-related activities.
In recent years, many people have become interested in developing small food businesses. Using county kitchens to make food products for sale may seem very attractive. However, because of different local, state, and federal regulation requirements, there may be some confusion and unresolved conflicts among different parties as to the legalities and practicalities involved.
The objective of this document is to provide guidelines and advice for Florida Extension personnel to use when determining the appropriate usage for their kitchen facilities, based on a situation in one Florida county. The document will cover utilization, roles and responsibilities, and potential liability issues relevant to the use of county kitchens, providing some potential solutions to conflicts for all parties.
Family Relationships in an Aging Society
Authors: Mills Terry 
Published: March 2021

For the elderly the family becomes more and more important as the need for support increases. Yet one must remember that the aging person and the family are all part of a larger society. Society impacts the resources and services available to older adults and their families. This document is FCS2210 FY625, one of a series of publications from the distance education in-service "Aging in the 21st Century." First published: September 2003.
FCS2210/FY625: Family Relationships in an Aging Society (ufl.edu)
Lettuce Cultivars for Insect Resistance in Southern Florida
Authors: Lu Huangjun , Wright Alan L. 
Published: March 2021

Lettuce Cultivars for Insect Resistance in Southern Florida (HS1196)
Florida’s subtropical climate facilitates lettuce production from fall through spring, but the warm, moist conditions are also favorable for insect proliferation and damage. Information about current cultivar response to common insect pests in Florida is limited, so UF/IFAS researchers conducted a study to evaluate cultivar response to insect infestation under field conditions and to identify resistance useful for integrated pest management. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Huangjun Lu, Alan L. Wright, and David Sui, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, February 2012.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1196
University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: Elkton
Authors: Andrade Mario H. M. L. , Zotarelli Lincoln , Gergela Douglas , Haynes Kathleen 
Published: March 2021

‘Elkton’ is a white-flesh potato variety suitable for chipping directly from the field (Figures 1 and 2). ‘Elkton’ was selected from the USDA-ARS breeding program in Beltsville, Maryland, by Dr. Haynes in 1997. In 2003, seed of ‘Elkton’ was made available for field evaluation under Florida growing conditions. In 60 trials conducted between 2003 and 2018, ‘Elkton’ yielded 112% in comparison with ‘Atlantic’ (Table 1). In these trials, ‘Elkton’ demonstrated resistance to internal heat necrosis and hollow heart, which are common tuber physiological disorders under high temperature growing conditions.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1237
This is a minor revision. Originally published April 2014.
Spicebush Swallowtail, Papilio troilus Linnaeus (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Hall Donald W. , Butler Jerry F. 
Published: March 2021

The spicebush swallowtail butterfly is a large, dark swallowtail. It is one of our most beautiful and interesting swallowtails. All developmental stages are great examples of adaptive coloration. This document is EENY-168, one of the Featured Creatures series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service,Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: October 2000.
Beelouse, Braula coeca Nitzsch (Insecta: Diptera: Braulidae)
Authors: Weems, Jr. Howard V. , Sanford Malcolm T. 
Published: March 2021

The beelouse, Braula coeca Nitzsch 1818, is a tiny commensalate wingless fly found in colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, where it lives on the bodies of the bees and literally steals its food out of the mouth of its host. The beelouse is in the family Braulidae, comprising two genera, Braula and Megabraula, contains eight species (see Papp 1984f; Huttinger 1980; Grimaldi and Underwood 1986). This document is EENY-171 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 252), one of the Featured Creatures series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: November 2000.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in328
Melon Aphid or Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Capinera John L. 
Published: March 2021

Melon aphid occurs in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northernmost areas. In the United States, it is regularly a pest in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. Because melon aphid sometimes overwinters in greenhouses, and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. This document is EENY-173, one of the Featured Creatures series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service,Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: November 2000.
EENY-173/IN330: Melon Aphid or Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) (ufl.edu)
Sting Nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchina: Belonolaimidae: Belonolaiminae)
Authors: Crow William T. , Brammer Angela S. 
Published: March 2021

Sting nematodes are among the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes on a wide range of plants. Adults can reach lengths greater than 3 mm, making them one of the largest plant-parasitic nematodes. While there are several species of sting nematodes described, only Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau is known to cause widespread crop damage. This document is EENY-239, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: September 2001.
EENY618/IN395: Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchina: Belonolaimidae: Belonolaiminae) (ufl.edu)
Biology of Gratiana boliviana, the First Biocontrol Agent Released to Control Tropical Soda Apple in the USA
Authors: Medal Julio C. , Gandolfo D. , Cuda James P. 
Published: March 2021

Tropical soda apple (TSA), Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae), is a perennial weed, native to South America, that has spreading throughout Florida at an alarming rate during the last decade. TSA was first reported in Glades County in 1988. This weed is also present in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. Currently, the area infested with TSA is estimated at more than one million acres. This document is ENY-826, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: November 2003.
Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Fishel Frederick M. 
Published: March 2021

Revised! PI-102, a 5-page fact sheet by Frederick M. Fishel, defines the term, “plant growth regulator,” addresses patterns of use for plant growth regulators, and provides a listing of plant growth regulators registered for use in Florida. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, April 2009. Revised January 2015 and February 2018. Retired from active collection, February 11, 2021.

Previous version:
Fishel, Frederick. 2006. “Plant Growth Regulators”. EDIS 2006 (6). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pi139-2006.
Potted Poinsettia Production: Irrigation and Water Quality
Authors: Stanley Craig D. , Harbaugh Brent K. 
Published: March 2021

There is no more essential component for the poinsettia production system than water, yet it is often less intensively managed than other production inputs. Perhaps the tendency to overlook the importance of water occurs because its use is linked so closely to other components of production which are intensively managed. Water management is a critical consideration for many aspects of production such as fertility control, media selection, and disease and insect control. In addition, because water conservation and protection have become important issues to society as a whole, poinsettia producers must consider management practices which minimize the impact that production has on the environment and water resources. This paper will discuss the uses of water in poinsettia production, the advantages and disadvantages of the use of different irrigationsystems (management, maintenance, water conservation, and economics) available for poinsettia production, irrigation water requirements and scheduling, and plant and environmental water quality concerns. This is document SL-212, a publication of the Soil and Water Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published January 2004.
Feed Passage in Broilers - A Complex Problem
Authors: Butcher Gary D. , Nilipour Amir H. , Miles Richard D. 
Published: March 2021

“Feed passage,” or, more accurately, the passage of undigested feed in the feces of broilers, continues to be reported in broiler integrations on a sporadic basis. The incidence and severity are much lower at present than during 1996 when global reports of feed passage occurred following consecutive years of poor grain harvests. This document is VM123, one of a series of the Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 1, 2002.
VM123/VM090: Feed Passage in Broilers?A Complex Problem (ufl.edu)
Broiler Management - The First 24 Hours
Authors: Butcher Gary D. , Nilipour Amir H. 
Published: March 2021

More than 30 billion broiler chicks are produced worldwide on an annual basis. Fifteen billion of these are produced in the Americas. Due to the poultry industry's tendency towards more intensive production practices and increased automation, the tender loving care once afforded to chickens in grow-out has been replaced with a mass production mentality. As a result, newly hatched chicks are often subjected to numerous stressors in the first 24 hours after hatching. These adverse effects during the critical early hours following hatch can result in an increased percentage of early mortality. These early stressors also influence final performance, resultingin declines in final body weights, increases in feed conversions and cost per pound of meat produced. Farm personal must understand that they have become the "adoptive parents" of these chicks. Without attention to details, successful and profitable grow-out is not realized. This document is VM124, one of a series of the Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service,Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 1, 2002.
VM124/VM091: Broiler Management?The First 24 Hours (ufl.edu)
Pengaruh Motivasi, Lingkungan Kerja dan Mediasi Semangat Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Swalayan Metro Kampus Yogyakarta
Authors: Patmanegara Aprianto , Subiyanto Didik , Sari Pristin Prima 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of the influence of motivation, work environment, and work morale mediation on employee performance at Metro Kampus Yogyakarta. The sample in this study is part of the target population is 100 employees of Metro Yogyakarta Campus, where the sample is determined by the Slovin formula. The data was collected using a questionnaire or questionnaire collection method. The data analysis technique used is the regression technique which is supported by t-test and classical assumptions, the data that has been obtained are processed using SPSS 21. The results of this study indicate that motivation has a positive and significant effect on morale or performance in accordance with the significance test carried out by the test. -t and obtained tcount> ttable (6.089> 1.67722) and (2.987> 1.67722) with a = 0.05 so that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, the work environment has a positive and significant effect on morale or performance according to the significance test which was carried out by t-test and obtained tcount> ttable (4.273> 1.67722) and (2.037> 1.67722) with a = 0.05 so that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, morale had a positive and significant effect on performance in accordance with the test. The significance was carried out by t-test and obtained tcount> ttable (2.560> 1.67722) with a = 0.05 so that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted.