bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test Apparatus for Rapid Determination of Soil-Water Retention Curve under Isotropic Loading Condition
Authors: Roy S. , Rajesh S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the present study, a custom-designed test apparatus comprising a plexiglass cell chamber with a base pedestal to accommodate a cylindrical soil sample with the water potential and volumetric water content sensors was developed to measure the soil-water retention curve (SWRC) of unsaturated soils under isotropic loading condition. The developed test apparatus is capable of rapidly measuring isotropic stress-dependent SWRC utilizing preequilibrated unsaturated soil samples. The methodologies for obtaining normalized volumetric and gravimetric stress-dependent SWRC using continuous and spot measurements were discussed in detail. In addition, the need for the soil-specific sensor calibration was illustrated, and an alternate method of developing calibration curves for sensors was discussed. To understand the efficacy of the developed apparatus, stress-dependent SWRC for two different statically compacted low-plasticity clays at isotropic confining pressures of 10, 100, and 200 kPa were evaluated. The stress-dependent SWRC obtained from the developed test apparatus is in good agreement with the results obtained from the suction-controlled triaxial test apparatus, which proves the ability of the developed apparatus to replicate stress-dependent SWRC without involving the axis translation technique. In addition, the apparatus can also be used to obtain the void ratio of unsaturated soil under various isotropic confinements at constant water content. Hence, the developed test apparatus has the potential to simulate both water content and void ratio surfaces with respect to suction under rapid isotropic loading condition, which can be used for constitutive modeling in unsaturated soils.
Deep, In Situ Nonlinear Dynamic Testing of Soil with Controlled Blasting: Instrumentation, Calibration, and Application to a Plastic Silt Deposit
Authors: Jana Amalesh , Donaldson Aleyna M. , Stuedlein Armin W. , Evans T. Matthew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study presents a novel test method to obtain dynamic properties of soil in situ using controlled blasting. Experimental and calibration protocols have been developed to conduct such investigations for any soil at any depth to obtain the coupled response between nonlinear shear modulus and pore pressure generation in soil. Controlled blasting using buried explosives with different charge weights at various depths were used as an active seismic source and the soil response measured. Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers, geophones, pore pressure transducers, and the MEMS-based inclinometers were calibrated to develop unique excitation voltage-to-unit relationships. Procedures to determine the post-installation sensor locations and orientations were developed to quantify the appropriate body wave velocity and shear strain in the soil. The conversion of calculated strains to a constant-volume direct simple shear-equivalent shear strain facilitated direct comparison to previously reported shear modulus reduction curves. Although this manuscript primarily focuses on instrumentation and calibration protocols, an example of the results of a test blast program is provided to demonstrate observation of the in situ, coupled, nonlinear fluid-mechanical response of an instrumented plastic silt deposit at a depth of 9 to 11.5 m below ground surface.
Evaluation of Biostimulation Efficacy on the Reinforcement of Calcareous Sand
Authors: Liu Shiyu , Dong Bowen , Yu Jin , Cai Yanyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Calcareous sand is widely distributed on the continental shelf and along the coast and has a low mechanical strength and a high compressibility. The use of biostimulation to activate and enrich ureolytic bacteria induces mineralization to strengthen calcareous sand and has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and less expensive than alternatives. In this study, reinforcement tests and evaluations of calcareous sand columns were carried out to study the effects of different biostimulation schemes on reinforcement. First, six different biostimulation schemes were used to stimulate and enrich ureolytic bacteria in calcareous sand, and the number of bacteria, pH, and urea concentration in the sand columns were biochemically monitored. Then, calcium ions were introduced into the sand columns to induce calcium carbonate precipitation. Finally, the reinforcement effect was evaluated according to the results of mechanical property tests, including mineralization product detection and microbial community change analysis, of the calcareous sand. The results show that (1) the concentrations of yeast extract (YE) and NH4Cl in the biostimulation scheme can significantly affect the stimulation results, in which the best conditions are a YE concentration of 0.2 g/L, an NH4Cl concentration of 100 mM, and an initial pH value of 9.0; and (2) the greater the content and distribution of newly formed calcium carbonate in calcareous sand is, the better the reinforcement effect is. In addition, biostimulation changed the microbial community composition in the calcareous sand, making ureolytic bacteria the new dominant population, which is more conducive to urea decomposition and calcium carbonate formation.
Modelo del desempeño organizacional con mejora continua e invención científica en mypes de productos lácteos
Authors: Mármol Cuadrado Luis Heriberto , Rodas Espinoza Sonia Lourdes , Papanicolau Denegri Jorge Nicolás A. , Ricaurte Ortiz Paul 
Published: January 2021

Ecuador – Riobamba city is a cattlee region, where its main source of income is the elaboration of products from fresh milk. Where they have taken 15 micro companies that are dedicated to this area, there are 33 more registered in the MIPRO, which belong to the province of Chimborazo.
The purpose of this research is how organizational performance (DO) is directly related to continuous improvement and scientific invention (MC and IC), in which the first must be established in the managers so that the second can be achieved in the processing companies of dairy products.
It is concluded that there is indeed a direct influence of the D.O with respect to M.C. and I.C.
Productividad y valor nutricional de forraje de cebada y trigo del trópico alto colombiano
Authors: Mancipe-Muñoz Edgar A. , Vásquez-Venegas Julio E. , Castillo-Sierra Javier , Ortiz-Cuadros Ronnal E. , Avellaneda-Avellaneda Yesid , Vargas-Martínes Juan De Jesús 
Published: January 2021

Introducción. La evaluación y selección de cereales de grano pequeño para sistemas de producción de rumiantes promueven sistemas de producción eficientes. Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar la diversidad presente en bancos de germoplasma nacional, para reconocer accesiones con atributos sobresalientes. Objetivo. Evaluar la respuesta agronómica y nutricional en el forraje de accesiones de cereales de grano pequeño. Materiales y métodos. Entre junio y diciembre de 2018, en el centro de investigación Tibaitatá de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Mosquera, Colombia, se establecieron veintiséis accesiones de cebada (Hordeum vulgare) y veinticinco de trigo (Triticum sp.). Cuatro repeticiones de cada material se sembraron en un surco de 5,0 m con distancia de 0,2 m entre plantas. Durante el periodo fenológico del cultivo se evaluaron quincenalmente: altura, vigor, presencia de plagas y enfermedades, número de tallos por planta y hojas por planta. Cuando el 50 % de las plantas de cada variedad alcanzaron los estados de vaina engrosada o de grano lechoso-pastoso, se cosecharon dos plantas por surco, y se determinó la proporción de tallos, hojas y espiga, producción de materia seca y concentración de nutrientes. Las variables evaluadas quincenalmente se analizaron con un modelo de bloques con medidas repetidas, mientras las demás se analizaron con un modelo de bloques al azar. Resultados. A mayor edad del cultivo se presentaron mayor altura de la planta, relación tallo: planta, presencia de enfermedades y menor vigor. Durante el periodo de vaina engrosada las accesiones C7 y T24 presentaron la mayor (p<0,05) producción de biomasa, mientras que en el estado de grano lechoso-pastoso fue el material T24 (p<0,05). Conclusión. Las accesiones C7, C17 y C20 de cebada, y las T12, T15 y T24 del trigo presentaron características productivas y nutricionales con potencial para ser evaluados en futuros trabajos de investigación.
Frecuencia de fotogramas óptima para evaluar la cinética espermática de verracos con un sistema CASA-Mot
Authors: Barquero Vinicio , Víquez Luis , Calderón Calderón Josué , Valverde Anthony 
Published: January 2021

Introducción. La movilidad es el indicador de calidad seminal más utilizado, por tanto, es necesario determinar una adecuada frecuencia de fotogramas (frame rate, FR) para estandarizar los análisis cinéticos con los equipos de análisis computadorizado de semen (CASA-Mot) y disminuir la variabilidad entre laboratorios, lo que optimizará el número de dosis seminales y su calidad para la industria porcina basada en inseminación artificial (IA). Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia óptima de fotogramas sobre la cinética espermática de verraco mediante un sistema comercial CASA-Mot y analizar la distribución de subpoblaciones espermáticas con el FR óptimo. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron veinte dosis seminales de diez verracos Pietrain (Sus scrofa domestica). El periodo experimental fue entre febrero y julio del año 2017. Se utilizó el sistema CASA-Mot (ISAS®v1) con cámaras de recuento ISAS®D4C20 precalentadas a 37 °C. El tiempo de captura fue de dos segundos. Resultados. La frecuencia de fotogramas afectó los parámetros de cinética espermática, exceptuando la velocidad rectilínea (VSL), debido a que no representó un comportamiento dependiente del FR. Las demás variables presentaron alteraciones significativas al cambiar su FR, y la velocidad curvilínea (VCL) y velocidad promedio (VAP) fueron las variables más sensibles al cambio. Se obtuvieron tres componentes principales (PC) definidos por patrones de movilidad, progresividad y oscilación, en donde el PC1 (velocidad-ondulación) fue el más influyente, debido a que representó el 51,34 % y 55,08 % de la varianza total explicada para 25 y 200 fps (fotogramas por segundo), respectivamente. Conclusión. La frecuencia óptima de fotogramas para analizar variables de cinética espermática en verraco con un sistema CASA-Mot fue de 200 fps. Una tasa de fotogramas inferior provoca errores en la estimación de la trayectoria de los espermatozoides. La distribución de subpoblaciones espermáticas varía según la tasa de fotogramas utilizada. Es necesario establecer un protocolo de análisis para homogenizar los resultados.
La afiliación al sistema de salud de personas migrantes venezolanas en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Vargas Juan Manuel , Vargas-Valle Eunice Danitza , López Jaramillo Ana María 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El acceso de las personas migrantes venezolanas al sistema de salud es fundamental para su supervivencia y bienestar futuro. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los niveles de afiliación a dicho sistema de las personas venezolanas en las áreas urbanas de Colombia por periodos de arribo, así como los factores sociodemográficos y laborales asociados. Metodología: Se realiza análisis cuantitativo de tipo estadístico descriptivo e inferencial, a partir de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares 2018, la cual aporta datos representativos para Colombia y sus 13 ciudades más importantes. Se utilizan los módulos de migración, de variables sociodemográficas del hogar y de ocupación relativos a la población de 14 a 65 años. Resultados: Únicamente 24,5 % de dichos migrantes están inscritos al sistema de salud en contraste a 93 % de las personas colombianas. Los niveles de afiliación se redujeron de 82 % entre las personas venezolanos que arribaron en 2013 o antes a 10 % entre los que llegaron en 2017-2018. Las personas venezolanas afiliadas al sistema de salud son una población selecta en términos sociodemográficos; más joven, más educada, con mayor participación laboral y mayores ingresos que la población nativa en Colombia. La baja inserción de las personas migrantes venezolanas en empleos con contrato escrito restringe dicha afiliación. Conclusiones: Las personas venezolanas en Colombia tienen muy limitada la inscripción al sistema de salud. A pesar de que este es un derecho protegido por los marcos jurídicos internacional y nacional, estas personas enfrentan barreras económicas, políticas y sociales para ejercer ese derecho en Colombia.
AXION IN PQWW MODEL AND AXION PRODUCTION IN e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> COLLISION
Authors: SOA DANG VAN , THUC LE NHU , KHOI DINH PHAN 
Published: January 2021

Properties of the axion in PQWW model is considered. In this model, axion appears as a new phase of the Higgs field. From a general Higgs potential which is renormalizable and invariant under UPQ(1) transformation, we consider the interaction of the axion with leptons and quarks. Based on these results, axion production in e+e- collision is calculated in detail. The numerical evaluation shows that the axion can be detected in
experimental conditions.
O „Damianie Capenece” Aleksandra Świętochowskiego. Zmagania z legendą
Authors: Obsulewicz Beata K. 
Published: January 2021

<p>Celem artykułu jest analiza debiutanckiego cyklu nowelistycznego <em>O życie</em> Aleksandra Świętochowskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem utworu otwierającego tom. Rozważania koncentrują się na opowiadaniu <em>Damian Capenko</em>, ukazując jego związek ze światopoglądem drugiej połowy XIX wieku, literaturą tendencyjną. Autor proponuje interpretację utworu w świetle <em>Dumań pesymisty</em>, wcześniejszego cyklu wypowiedzi publicystycznych Świętochowskiego, jednego z najwybitniejszych twórców literatury pozytywizmu w Polsce. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz wyjaśniony zostaje związek tekstów z początkowymi ideami programu polskiego pozytywizmu, a także pozorna niespójność artystyczna cyklu.</p>
Estimation of stature from hand length of an individual in central India population
Authors: Paliwa Swapnil , Parashar Ranjan , Kumar Jain Ashok 
Published: January 2021

Anthropometry is a important parameter in medico- legal investigation, in which stature has vital importance in identification of individual. Estimation of stature is important when fragments or remnants or parts of body are found on crime scene. So, the aim of this study is to develop a regression formula to indicate relation between height and hand length of individuals of both sexes. The study was conducted on 159 healthy individuals (75 males and 84 females). Prior permissions were taken from Institutional ethics Committee and written informed consent from all subjects were taken prior to data collection. Linear regression equation was derived using SPSS 23 software. There was a linear correlation between height and hand length. Pearson correlation coefficient found significant at P value – 0.01 (P value &#60;0.05) between height and hand length.The study will significant to medico-legal experts in estimating stature from remnants of upper limb.
Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Plant Density on Growth of Water Efficient Maize Variety under Different Field Conditions
Authors: Adebayo A.R. , Kutu F.R. , Sebetha E.T. 
Published: January 2021

Background: In most areas where maize is planted, the growth is usually affected by low nitrogen and high plant density. An experiment was carried out during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 planting seasons to investigate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant densities on growth of water efficient maize under different field conditions. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Measured growth parameters were plant height, chlorophyll content, leaf area, number of leaves and stem diameter. Result: Maize planted at Molelwane had tallest plant height (269.63 cm) than Taung. Maize sown at 33,333 plants/ha produced highest number of leaves (15.83) and highest chlorophyll content (59. 63 SPAD - units) was obtained in the plots fertilized with 240 kg N/ha. In this study, the plant density of 55,555 plants/ha and 240 kg N/ha can be recommended for cultivation of WEMA maize variety.
Current Status and Prospect of Web Blight of Cowpea: A Review
Authors: . Priyanka , Meena Anand Kumar , Mathur A.C. , Bagri R.K. , Sharma R.S. 
Published: January 2021

Pulses in India have been considered as the poor man’s only source of protein. Among them Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important food legume which is also known as vegetable meat due to high amount of protein in the grain with better biological value on dry weight basis. Various factors viz., diseases and insect pests are mostly responsible for its low production. Among diseases, web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important disease of cowpea. The web blight appears every year at varying intensity and causes heavy losses in yield. Web blight disease is most severe at seedling and vegetative stage. The disease is characterized by oval or spindle shaped brown black lesions having length ranging from 0.2-8 cm at soil level near collar region and girdling the basal portion of the stem and lesions developed by basidiospores of Thanatephorus cucumeris which are 2-4 mm in diameter, circular and appear as brown necrotic spots with light brown centre. Cob web like symptoms also noticed hence, the name web blight.
An Investigation Link between Critical Thinking and Reading Comprehension: A case of A Madrasah in Lubuk Linggau, South Sumatera
Authors: PUTRA HADY MARESYAH 
Published: January 2021

The aims of the study were to find out (1) whether critical thinking had any significant correlation to reading comprehension of English Education Study Program Students at one of Madrasahs in Lubuk Linggau, South Sumatera; and (2) whether critical thinking significantly influenced their reading comprehension. The study was in the form of correlational research method. The population of the study was 636 active EFL students. By using purposive sampling technique, there were 108 students involved as participants in this research. The instruments, both critical thinking test and reading comprehension test, were analyzed in order to gain the data of the study. To find out whether critical thinking of students, as a whole, had any correlation with students' reading comprehension achievement or not, Pearson-Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was applied. Besides, to answer the second research problem, to find the significant influence of critical thinking, the coefficient determination (R Square) was applied. From the data analysis, it was found that there was significant correlation between students’ critical thinking and their reading comprehension since the p-value was (0.020) was less than significance value (0.020 < 0.005). In addition, to know the percentage of critical thinking skill influence on reading comprehension, R-square was obtained. The students’ critical thinking skill gave significant effect with 48.4% contribution towards reading comprehension. In short, critical thinking had relation to reading comprehension of the students of one of Madrasahs in Lubuk Linggau, South Sumatera.
REFLEKSI KONFLIK SOSIAL ANTARTOKOH DALAM NOVEL NEGERI DI UJUNG TANDUK KARYA TERE LIYE(REFLECTION OF SOCIAL CONFLICT BETWEEN CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL“NEGERI DI UJUNG TANDUK” BY TERE LIYE)
Authors: Marsela Rika 
Published: January 2021

Reflection of Social Conflict between Characters in the Novel “Negeri di UjungTanduk” By Tere Liye. This study aims to reflect and explained back the socialconflict between characters in the novel dalam novel “Negeri di Ujung Tanduk”by Tere Liye by using approaches and types qualitative research. Data in the formof sentences and discourse contained in novel quotations. The method used in thisresearch is descriptive methode. Based on the results that have been found, themore dominant characteristics of social conflict are manifest social conflicts.Social conflict are more common in the Thomas who have open conflict with otherfigures. Social conflict experiendced by the characters have different place, time,and atmosphere settings. Social conflict occurs more dominantly to Thomasbecause the initial conflict that occurs is rooted in the story of Thomas’s past.Keywords: reflection, characteristic of social conflict, novel AbstrakRefleksi Konflik Sosial Antartokoh dalam Novel “Negeri di Ujung Tanduk”Karya Tere Liye. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merefleksikan dan memaparkankembali konflik sosial antartokoh dalam novel “Negeri di Ujung Tanduk” karyaTere Liye dengan menggunakan pendekatan dan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Databerbentuk kalimat dan wacana yang terdapat dalam kutipan novel. Metode yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil yangtelah ditemukan, karekteristik konflik sosial yang lebih dominan yaitu konflik sosialmanifes. Konflik sosial tersebut lebih banyak terdapat pada tokoh Thomas yangmemiliki konflik secara terbuka dengan tokoh yang lainnya. Konflik sosial yangdialami tokoh-tokoh dalam novel tersebut memiliki latar tempat, waktu, dansuasana yang berbeda-beda. Konflik sosial terjadi lebih dominan kepada tokohThomas karena konflik awal yang terjadi berakar dari kisah masa lalu Thomas.Kata-kata kunci:refleksi, karakteristik konflik sosial, novel