bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Structured ICA-based Process for Removing Auditory Evoked Potentials Reveals TMS-evoked Potentials and TMS-modulated Oscillations
Authors: Ross Jessica M. , Ozdemir Recep A. , Lian Shu Jing , Fried Peter J. , Schmitt Eva M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Shafi Mouhsin M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs), recorded using electroencephalography (EEG), reflect a combination of TMS-induced cortical activity and multi-sensory responses to TMS. The auditory evoked potential (AEP) is a high-amplitude sensory potential—evoked by the “click” sound produced by every TMS pulse—that can dominate the TEP and obscure observation of other neural components. The AEP is peripherally evoked and therefore should not be stimulation site specificObjectives/Methods: We address the problem of disentangling the peripherally evoked AEP of the TEP from components evoked by cortical stimulation and ask whether removal of AEP enables more accurate isolation of TEP. We hypothesized that isolation of the AEP using Independent Components Analysis (ICA) would reveal features that are stimulation site specific and unique individual features. In order to improve the effectiveness of ICA for removal of AEP from the TEP, and thus more clearly separate the transcranial-evoked and non-specific TMS-modulated potentials, we merged sham and active TMS datasets representing multiple stimulation conditions, removed the resulting AEP component, and evaluated performance across different sham protocols and clinical populations using reduction in Global and Local Mean Field Potentials (GMFA/LMFA) and cosine similarity analysis.Results: We show that removing AEPs significantly reduced GMFA and LMFA in the post-stimulation TEP (14 to 400 ms), driven by time windows consistent with the N100 and P200 temporal characteristics of AEPs. Cosine similarity analysis supports that removing AEPs reduces TEP similarity between subjects and reduces TEP similarity between stimulation conditions. Similarity is reduced most in a mid-latency window consistent with the N100 time-course, but nevertheless remains high in this time window. Residual TEP in this window has a time-course and topography unique from AEPs, which follow-up analyses suggest could be a modulation in the alpha band that is not stimulation site specific but is unique to individual subject.Conclusion(s): We show, using two datasets and two implementations of sham, evidence in cortical topography, TEP time-course, GMFA/LMFA and cosine similarity analyses that this procedure is effective and conservative in removing the AEP from TEP, and thereby reveals better defined TMS-evoked activity. We show TEP remaining in early, mid and late latencies. The early response is site and subject specific. Later responses are consistent with TMS-modulated alpha activity that is not site specific but is unique to the individual. TEP remaining after removal of AEP is unique and can provide insight into TMS-evoked potentials and other modulated oscillatory dynamics.
Molecular Identification of a Novel Iflavirus in Brown-Spotted Pitvipers (Protobothrops Mucrosquamatus)
Authors: Tian Zhige , Deng Ying , Cao Hongzhi , Zheng Miaomiao , Li Ke , Li Yan , Jiang Furong , Tang Ting , Yu Min , Zhang Anting , Xia Xue , Guo Peng , Hu Xiaoliang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Iflaviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, positive-stranded RNA genomes, which are identified in arthropod hosts, primarily infecting insect species. Herein, we firstly identify the sequence of an iflavirus (YB-PMP20) found in brown-spotted pitvipers in China. Results: The sequence of YB-PMP20 showed high identity to the sequences of Hubei picorna-like virus (HUPV) (99.2% in nt), Vespa velutina-associated iflavirus like virus (VVAIV) (58.6% in nt) and Lygus lineolaris virus (LyIV-1) (46.6% in nt) in nucleotides encoding polyproteins. It contained a single large ORF (304–9291 nt) encoding 2996 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences were compared with those of iflavirus. Helicase, protease and the RdRp domain were found to be located at the 3´ end, and structural genes (VP1, VP2 and VP3) were found to be located at the 5´ end. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that YB-PMP20 belongs to the iflavirus cluster, and is similar to HUPV, LyIV-1 and VVAIV. Conclusion: The present study described the genetic characterization of a PmIFV strain in brown-spotted pitvipers. Our genomic data extend knowledge of the diversity of viruses in snakes.
Bar-cas12a, a Novel and Rapid Method for Plant Species Authentication: A Case of Phyllanthus Species
Authors: Buddhachat Kittisak , Paenkaew Suphaporn , Sripai Nattaporn , Gupta Yash Munnalal , Pradit Waranee , Chomdej Siriwadee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The rapid and accurate species diagnosis accelerates the performance to investigate various biology fields and its relevant, perhaps but morphology-based species taxonomy/identification hamper. DNA barcodes (Bar) has been employed extensively for plant species identification. Recently, CRISPR-cas system can be applied for diagnostic tool to detect pathogen’s DNA based on the collateral activity of cas12a or cas13. Here, we developed barcode-hyphenated with cas12a assay, “Bar-cas12a” for species authentication using Phyllanthus amarus as a model. The gRNAs were designed from trnL region, namely gRNA-A and gRNA-B. As a result, gRNA-A was highly specific to P. amarus amplified by RPA in contrast to gRNA-B even in contaminated condition. Apart from the large variation of gRNA-A binding in DNA target, cas12a- specific PAM’s gRNA-A as TTTN can be found only in P. amarus. PAM site may be recognized one of the potential regions for increasing specificity to authenticate species. In addition, the sensitivity of Bar-cas12a using both gRNAs gave the same detection limit at 0.8 fg and it was 1,000 times more sensitive compared to agarose gel electrophoresis. Overall, Bar-cas12a using trnL-designed gRNA offer a highly specific, sensitive, speed, and simple approach for plant species authentication and is likely to implement point-of-care testing.
Optimal Strategy to Certify Quantum Nonlocality
Authors: Gómez S. , Uzcátegui D. , Machuca I. , Gómez E. S. , Walborn S. P. , Lima G. , Goyeneche D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Certification of quantum nonlocality plays a central role in practical applications like device-independent quantum cryptography and random number generation protocols. These applications entail the challenging problem of certifying quantum nonlocality, something that is hard to achieve when the target quantum state is only weakly entangled, or when the source of errors is high, e.g. when photons propagate through the atmosphere or a long optical fiber. Here we introduce a technique to find a Bell inequality with the largest possible gap between the quantum prediction and the classical local hidden variable limit for a given set of measurement frequencies. Our method represent an efficient strategy to certify quantum nonlocal correlations from experimental data without requiring extra measurements, in the sense that there is no Bell inequality with a larger gap than the one provided. Furthermore, we also reduce the photodetector efficiency required to close the detection loophole. We illustrate our technique by improving the detection of quantum nonlocality from experimental data obtained with weakly entangled photons.
Increased Abscisic Acid Sensitivity And Drought Stress By Overexpression of Abscisic Acid Receptors In Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Qing Li , Qianqian Tian , Yue Zhang , Mengxue Niu , Xiaoqian Yu , Conglong Lian , Chao Liu , Weilun Yin , Xinli Xia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key plant hormone that regulates plant growth development and stress response. ABA is recognized and bound by ABA Receptor PYR/PYL/RCAR (referred to as PYLs). However, little is known about the PYLs gene family in Populus euphratica. Here, we identified 12 PYLs in P. euphratica and named PePYL1-12. Phylogenetic analysis divided the 12 PePYLs into three subfamilies. Subcellular localization showed that PePYL2, PePYL4, PePYL5, PePYL6, and PePYL9 were located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, PePYL10 localized in the nucleus. The promoter of 12 PePYLs contains hormones- and abiotic stress-related cis-acting elements. Moreover, ABA and drought significantly up-regulation the expression of PePYL6 and PePYL9. To study the performance of PePYLs under ABA and drought stress, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PePYL6 and PePYL9. Compared with wild type, transgenic Arabidopsis enhanced ABA sensitivity during seed germination and root growth, improved water use efficiency and drought resistance. Taken together, our results confirmed that PePYL6 and PePYL9 play a positive role in ABA-mediated stress responses in P. euphratica.
Interface Modeling for the Ab Initio Evaluation of the Water Contact Angle on a Metallic Cu(111) Surface
Authors: Murono Takahiro , Hongo Kenta , Nakano Kousuke , Maezono Ryo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Controlling the water contact angle on a surface is important for regulating its wettability in industrial applications. Therefore, it is crucial to develop ab initio evaluation methods that can accurately predict this angle. The ab initio predictions require an adsorption structure model for the adsorption of liquid molecules on a surface, but the construction of this model depends on whether the test surface comprises an insulating or metallic material because the surface reconstruction takes quite a different form in each case. Previous studies have focused on the estimation of the water contact angle on insulators; however, this study elucidates the water contact angle on a metallic surface, Cu(111). Because the feasibility of ab initio evaluations depends on the approximation of liquid–gas interface energy, which can be roughly estimated through the interface energy of crystal ice, it is natural to use the periodic-honeycomb array of water molecules as the adsorption model for the water on the surface. However, despite the successful application of the periodic model for ab initio prediction of the water contact angle on insulating surfaces, applying this model to metallic surfaces has not provided satisfactory predictions that reproduce experimental values. Therefore, in this study, we propose the use of models with isolated water oligomers for the ab initio prediction of the water contact angle on a metallic surface, which achieved an accurate prediction. The ambiguity of the models based on the size and coverage of the oligomers was small (∼ ±10 °), which was averaged out to give a plausible value based on the Boltzmann weight with the adsorbing energies. The proposed procedure can be used to estimate the wettability of the surfaces of other metallic materials.
Differences Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Histological Distribution of Residual Tumor After Induction Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Nomori Hiroaki , Shiraishi Atsushi , Honma Koichi , Shoji Kazufusa , Otsuki Ayumu , Cong Yue , Sugimura Hiroshi , Oyama Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims: To facilitate dose planning for convergent beam radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tumor response and histological distribution of residual tumors after induction chemoradiotherapy (ICRT) were compared between adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQ). Methods: Ninety-five patients with N1-2 or T3-4 NSCLC were treated with ICRT followed by surgery; 55 had AD and 40 had SQ. For the evaluation of distribution of residual tumors, the location of the external margin of residual tumors was assessed on surgical materials as follows: radius of whole tumor (“a”); distance between the center of tumor and the external margin of residual tumor (“b”); and its location (“b/a”). Results: Of the 55 AD cases, 8 (15%) showed pathological complete remission, which was significantly less frequent than 22 of 40 SQ cases (55%) (p<0.001). AD showed the residual tumors at the most periphery of tumor (b/a=1.0) more frequently than SQ, i.e., 39/55 (71%) versus 6/40 (15%), respectively (p<0.001). Even in 65 cases other than the pathological complete remission, external margins in 47 AD cases located more periphery than those in 18 SQ cases, of which mean b/a values were 0.97 ± 0.17 and 0.70 ± 0.29, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: AD showed worse tumor response to ICRT than SQ. After ICRT, AD remained at the periphery of primary tumor more frequently than SQ. It seems that, also in the convergent beam radiotherapy, the periphery part of AD would be more resistant than that of SQ.
Multiscale Mixed Hydrodynamics in Line Contacts
Authors: Zhang Yongbin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the hydrodynamic line contact, there is a very thin layer physically adsorbed to the solid surface. When the surface separation is sufficiently small, the Hertzian contact zone will be completely filled with the boundary layer, while in most of the inlet zone still occurs continuum hydrodynamics, which lies between the mated adsorbed layers. The present paper studies this mixed hydrodynamics by a multiscale analysis. The boundary layer flows are simulated from the flow factor approach model; The intermediate continuum fluid flow is simulated from the continuum fluid model. The flow equations are given respectively for the boundary layers and for the intermediate continuum fluid. The final governing equation has been obtained relating the surface separation to the solid surface speeds and the carried load. The calculation results show that for a high rolling speed the hydrodynamic behavior in the contact agrees with the classical hydrodynamic theory; However for a critically low rolling speed it gives the surface separation greatly higher than that calculated from the classical hydrodynamic theory, showing the significant adsorbed layer effect.
Shooting blanks: extreme climate event promotes phenological mismatch between sexes in hibernating ground squirrels
Authors: Kucheravy Caila E. , Waterman Jane M. , Anjos Elaine A.C. , Hare James F. , Enright Chris , Berkvens Charlene 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are thus vulnerable to extreme climate events that affect key periods in their annual cycle. Here, we observed how a heatwave in March 2012 led to a phenological mismatch between sexes in Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii). Females emerged from hibernation and commenced breeding earlier in 2012 relative to average female emergence. Despite external indicators suggesting that males were prepared for breeding, it appeared that not all males were physiologically prepared since 58.6% of males had non-motile sperm when breeding commenced. We found that males with non-motile sperm had smaller accessory glands than males with motile sperm. Body condition, relative testes size, and the relative size of accessory glands were significant predictors of sperm motility. There was no difference in litter size among years, nor a decrease in the number of juveniles emerged in 2012 or female yearlings recruited in 2013. The impact of this heatwave on male ground squirrels emphasizes the importance of assessing the consequences of climate change on breeding success of hibernating species in both sexes, since the different cues for emergence led to a mismatch in timing under this event.
Work Process of Primary Health care Teams in Brazil from Rural/Urban Municipal Typology: A National Evaluation Study
Authors: Lemos Messias , Cunha Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Bastos Maria do Socorro Castelo Branco de Oliveira , Lourenção Luciano Garcia , de Sá Naiza Nayla Bandeira , Pereira Átila Augusto Cordeiro , Ferreira Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff , Santos José Luís Guedes dos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In Brazil, primary health care assumes the challenge of organizing and articulating health care networks, based on the performance of multidisciplinary teams linked to basic health units. Given that there are limited studies on the organization of the work process of primary health care teams in Brazilian municipalities that consider the rural-urban typology proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, this study aims to analyze the work process of primary health care teams in Brazilian municipalities.Methods: Quantitative evaluation was conducted using secondary data from the third cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) and the Rural/Urban Classification of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Overall, 37,350 teams that participated in all levels of the PMAQ-AB external evaluation were included. The descriptive analysis considered three axes: 1) territorialization, 2) action planning, and 3) monitoring and self-evaluation. Multiple correspondence analyses were used to verify the relationships between the variables and municipal classifications.Results: Teams from adjacent rural municipalities had the lowest percentage of uncovered population in the territory (21.0%), while those from urban municipalities had the highest percentage with reference population >3,500 people/team (43.0%). It was found that 5,446 (15.1%) teams did not carry out planning, and the highest percentage of teams that executed planning was in the urban strata (85.7%). Monitoring performance was observed in 87.9% of the teams, with approximation of the values among the municipal strata with similar characteristics of location; self-evaluation showed the highest percentage in the adjacent intermediate stratum (90.4%). It was possible to identify three groups of teams with distinct characteristics of territorialization and two groups in relation to planning, monitoring, and self-evaluation.Conclusion: The results suggest important differences in the work process of primary health care teams, which vary according to the characteristics of the municipalities in which they are located.
Novel Process Combined Extrusion And Severe Plastic Deformation For Plate Component With Rib-Web Structure of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Zhu Nanyang , Sun Chaoyang , Qian Lingyun , Wang Mingjia , Li Xintong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Plates with rib-web structure of magnesium alloys can hardly fabricated through conventional method. In this work, the variable circular channel angular extrusion (VCCAE) combined extrusion and severe plastic deformation is proposed, in which billet undergoes severe deformation at several variable circular angular channel. The FE model for VCCAE of scaling plate with ribs is established and the experimental set up is designed. The feasibility of the novel process and the accuracy of the FE model are validated by the simulations and experiments. Stress state and the effective strain distribution in longitudinal section and cross section are analyzed. The results show that stress and strain distribution in longitudinal section is extremely inhomogeneous, and obvious stress concentration at the shear plane is founded. The microstructure in angular region is more uniform and finer, which validate that the severe shear deformation induced by the angular channel in the VCCAE process could promote the deformation uniformity and grain refinement. The results of numerical simulation and experiments demonstrate that the VCCAE process proposed in this paper is feasible and it has great potential to manufacture high-performance plate with ribs.
Development and Validation of a Model for Soil Wetting Geometry Under Moistube Irrigation
Authors: Dirwai T. L. , Senzanje A. , Mabhaudhi T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We developed an empirical soil wetting geometry model for silty clay loam and coarse sand soils under a semi-permeable porous wall line source Moistube Irrigation (MTI) lateral irrigation. The model was developed to simulate vertical and lateral soil water movement using the Buckingham pi (π) theorem. This study was premised on a hypothesis that soil hydraulic properties influence soil water movement under MTI. Two independent, but similar experiments, were conducted to calibrate and validate the model using MTI lateral placed at a depth of 0.2 m below the soil surface in a soil bin with a continuous water supply (150 kPa). Soil water content was measured every 5 minutes for 100 h using MPS-2 sensors. Model calibration showed that soil texture influenced water movement (\(p\) < 0.05) and showed a good fit for wetted widths and depths for both soils ( \(nRMSE\) = 0.5% − 10%; \(NSE \ge\) 0.50; and d-index \(\ge\) 0.50. The percentage bias \(\left(PBIAS\right)\) statistic revealed that the models’ under-estimated wetted depth after 24 h by 21.9% and 3.9% for silty clay loam and sandy soil respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed an agreeable models’ performance values. This implies the applicability of the model for estimating wetted distances for an MTI lateral placed at 0.2 m. However, further experimentation under varying scenarios for which MTI would be used, including field conditions, is needed to further validate the model and establish robustness. MTI wetting geometry informs placement depth for optimal irrigation water usage.
Exogenous microRNA 322-5p Reduced Neuronal Inflammation via the TRAF6/IRF5/NF-kB Axis and Restored GAD1/GABA Expression in a Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Rat Model
Authors: Zhou Qin , He Baomei , Kong Haibo , Wang Yanru , Wang Wenlan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to play essential roles in epileptic development. This study aimed to determine if microRNA-322-5p regulates seizure and seizure damage by targeting the NFκB-TLR4 associated inflammatory signaling pathway.Methods: Pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat model was established. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the pathology of epilepsy. The expression of microRNA-322-5p, inflammatory markers, NF-kB, TLR4, IL-1β and IL-6, and synaptic inhibitory molecules, GAD1 and GABA, were assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting, respectively.Results: The expression of microRNA-322-5p was significantly decreased in the SE (status epilepticus) rats compared with the normal counterparts. The reduction of miR-322-5p was accompanied by an increased level of pro‑inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α via increased NF-kB expression and reduced GAD1 and GABA expression. The exogenously increased miR-322-5p level by mimic molecules significantly reduced the inflammatory profiles and increased GAD1 and GABA expressions in the S.E. rat brain compared to nontreated counterparts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the restoration of miR-322-5p resulted in a significantly reduced TRL4/IRF1/NF-kb associated inflammatory circuit and increased GAD1 and GABA expression. These findings suggest that miR-322-5p induction may be of therapeutic potential for neural damage as a result of repeated epileptic episodes.