bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-Synchronized Stimulus Presentation Augments Contingency Knowledge and Affective Evaluation in a Fear-Conditioning Task
Authors: Plog Elena , Antov Martin I. , Bierwirth Philipp , Keil Andreas , Stockhorst Ursula 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMemory often combines information from different sensory modalities. Animal studies show that synchronized neuronal activity in the theta band (4–8 Hz) binds multimodal associations. Studies with human participants have likewise established that theta-phase synchronization augments the formation of declarative video–tone pair memories. Another form of associative learning, classical fear conditioning, models nondeclarative, emotional memory with distinct neuronal mechanisms. Typical fear-conditioning tasks pair a conditioned stimulus (CS) in one modality with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) in another. The present study examines the effects of CS–US synchronization in the theta band on fear memory formation in humans. In a fear generalization procedure, we paired one of five visual gratings of varying orientation (CS) with an aversive auditory US. We modulated the luminance of the CS and the volume of the US at a rate of 4 Hz. To manipulate the synchrony between visual and auditory input during fear acquisition, one group (N = 20) received synchronous CS–US pairing, whereas the control group (N = 20) received the CS–US pairs out of phase. Phase synchronization improved CS–US contingency knowledge and facilitated CS discrimination in terms of rated valence and arousal, resulting in narrower generalization across the CS gratings compared with the out-of-phase group. In contrast, synchronization did not amplify conditioned responding in physiological arousal (skin conductance) and visuocortical engagement (steady-state visually evoked potentials) during acquisition, although both measures demonstrated tuning toward the CS+. Together, these data support a causal role of theta-phase synchronization in affective evaluation and contingency report during fear acquisition.
Structure of Long-Range Direct and Indirect Spinocerebellar Pathways as Well as Local Spinal Circuits Mediating Proprioception
Authors: Pop Iliodora V. , Espinosa Felipe , Blevins Cheasequah J. , Okafor Portia C. , Ogujiofor Osita W. , Goyal Megan , Mona Bishakha , Landy Mark A. , Dean Kevin M. , Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah B. , Lai Helen C. 
Published: December 2021

Proprioception, the sense of limb and body position, generates a map of the body that is essential for proper motor control, yet we know little about precisely how neurons in proprioceptive pathways are wired. Defining the anatomy of secondary neurons in the spinal cord that integrate and relay proprioceptive and potentially cutaneous information from the periphery to the cerebellum is fundamental to understanding how proprioceptive circuits function. Here, we define the unique anatomic trajectories of long-range direct and indirect spinocerebellar pathways as well as local intersegmental spinal circuits using genetic tools in both male and female mice. We find that Clarke's column neurons, a major contributor to the direct spinocerebellar pathway, has mossy fiber terminals that diversify extensively in the cerebellar cortex with axons terminating bilaterally, but with no significant axon collaterals within the spinal cord, medulla, or cerebellar nuclei. By contrast, we find that two of the indirect pathways, the spino-lateral reticular nucleus and spino-olivary pathways, are in part, derived from cervicalAtoh1-lineage neurons, whereas thoracolumbarAtoh1-lineage neurons project mostly locally within the spinal cord. Notably, while cervical and thoracolumbarAtoh1-lineage neurons connect locally with motor neurons, no Clarke's column to motor neuron connections were detected. Together, we define anatomic differences between long-range direct, indirect, and local proprioceptive subcircuits that likely mediate different components of proprioceptive-motor behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe define the anatomy of long-range direct and indirect spinocerebellar pathways as well as local spinal proprioceptive circuits. We observe that mossy fiber axon terminals of Clarke's column neurons diversify proprioceptive information across granule cells in multiple lobules on both ipsilateral and contralateral sides, sending no significant collaterals within the spinal cord, medulla, or cerebellar nuclei. Strikingly, we find that cervical spinal cordAtoh1-lineage neurons form mainly the indirect spino-lateral reticular nucleus and spino-olivary tracts and thoracolumbarAtoh1-lineage neurons project locally within the spinal cord, whereas only a fewAtoh1-lineage neurons form a direct spinocerebellar tract.
Action Potentials Are Critical for the Propagation of Focally Elicited Spreading Depolarizations
Authors: Suryavanshi Pratyush , Reinhart Katelyn M. , Shuttleworth C. William , Brennan K. C. 
Published: December 2021

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) of gray matter occur in the brain in different pathologic conditions, and cause varying degrees of tissue damage depending on the extent of metabolic burden on the tissue. As might be expected for such large depolarizations, neurons exhibit bursts of action potentials (APs) as the wave propagates. However, the specific role of APs in SD propagation is unclear. This is potentially consequential, since sodium channel modulation has not been considered as a therapeutic target for SD-associated disorders, because of ambiguous experimental evidence. Using whole-cell electrophysiology and single-photon imaging in acute cortical slices from male C57Bl6 mice, we tested the effects of AP blockade on SDs generated by two widely used induction paradigms. We found that AP blockade using tetrodotoxin (TTX) restricted propagation of focally induced SDs, and significantly reduced the amplitude of neuronal depolarization, as well as its Ca2+load. TTX also abolished the suppression of spontaneous synaptic activity that is a hallmark of focally induced SD. In contrast, TTX did not affect the propagation of SD induced by global superfusion of high [K+]econtaining artificial CSF (ACSF). Thus, we show that voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav)-mediated neuronal AP bursts are critical for the propagation and downstream effects of focally induced SD but are less important when the ionic balance of the extracellular space is already compromised. In doing so we corroborate the notion that two different SD induction paradigms, each relevant to different clinical situations, vary significantly in their characteristics and potentially their response to treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur findings suggest that voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) channels have a critical role in the propagation and downstream neural effects of focally induced spreading depolarization (SD). As SDs are likely induced focally in many disease conditions, these studies support sodium channel modulation, a previously underappreciated therapeutic option in SD-associated disorders, as a viable approach.
100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: a review of the data
Authors: Cashman Kevin D 
Published: December 2021

Background
Internationally, concern has been repeatedly raised about the little notable progress in the collection, analysis and use of population micronutrient status and deficiency data globally. The need for representative status and intake data for vitamin D has been highlighted as a research priority for well over a decade.

Aim and methods
A narrative review which aims to provide a summary and assessment of vitamin D nutritional status data globally. This review divides the world into the Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) major regions: the Americas, Europe, Oceania, Africa and Asia. Emphasis was placed on published data on the prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 25/30 and <50 nmol/L (reflecting vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy, respectively) as well as vitamin D intake, where possible from nationally representative surveys.

Results
Collating data from the limited number of available representative surveys from individual countries might suggest a relatively low overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in South America, Oceania and North America, whereas there is more moderate prevalence in Europe and Asia, and possibly Africa. Overall, the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D < 25/30 and <50 nmol/L ranges from ~5 to 18% and 24 to 49%, respectively, depending on FAO world region. Usual intakes of vitamin D can also vary by FAO world region, but in general, with a few exceptions, there are very high levels of inadequacy of vitamin D intake.

Conclusions
While the burden of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy varies by world regions and not just by UVB availability, the global burden overall translates into enormous numbers of individuals at risk.
UN ASPECTO OLVIDADO EN LAS CONTRATACIONES DIRECTAS POR CAUSAL DE EMERGENCIA, COVID-19: LA LOGÍSTICA
Authors: Alianak Raquel 
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo aborda la contratación directa por parte de la Administración Pública en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19 en Argentina. Inicialmente, se abordan estrategias innovadoras de gestión pública. Por ello, se analiza la contratación directa en tiempo de pandemia. Por último, se busca estudiar la gestión, planificación y logística de las actuaciones de las áreas de compras de la Administración Pública. Así, la pregunta es: ¿qué logistia se está implementando para la contratación directa en tiempos de pandemia? La importancia del estudio radica en la importancia de entender la actuación de la administración en tiempos de pandemia, ante la situación de emergencia.
Teaching with Drawings: Primary Source Instruction with Architecture Archives
Authors: Quagliaroli Jessica , Casey Pamela 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Architectural archival collections contain a wide variety of documents and materials that are effective teaching tools for primary source instruction. Sketches, design and construction drawings, material samples, models, and photographs are just some of the collection materials one may find in an architecture archives. However, architecture archivists are not formally trained to teach with these collections. The authors examine the gap in professional and scholarly literature on teaching with these specific materials and consider this in comparison to the rich literature on teaching with primary sources more broadly. They discuss the pedagogical models they have applied in their instruction work and how these support the information-seeking habits and research needs of architecture faculty and design students. By contributing to the growing body of literature on teaching with special collections in this specific subject area, the authors hope to elevate the skills and expertise that architecture archivists bring to the field.
Some Model Assisted Estimators Using Functional Form Calibration Approach
Authors: Alam Naila , Hanif Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

The Model assisted estimators are approximately design unbiased, consistent and provides robustness in the case of large sample sizes. The model assisted estimators result in reduction of the design variance if underlying model reasonably defines the regression relationship. If the model is misspecified, then model assisted estimators might result in an increase of the design variance but remain approximately design unbiased and show robustness against model-misspecification. The well-known model assisted estimators, generalized regression estimators are members of a larger class of calibration estimators. Calibration method generates calibration weights that meet the calibration constraints and have minimum distance from the sampling design weights. By using different distance measures, classical calibration approach generates different calibration estimators but with asymptotically identical properties. The constraint of distance minimization was reduced for studying the properties of calibration estimators by proposing a simple functional form approach. The approach generates calibration weights that prove helpful to control the changes in calibration weights by using different choices of auxiliary variable’s functions. This paper is an extended work on model assisted approach by using functional form of calibration weights. Some new model assisted estimators are considered to get efficient and stabilized regression weights by introducing a control matrix. The asymptotic un-biasedness of the proposed estimators is verified and the expressions for MSE are derived in three different cases. A simulation study is done to compare and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed estimators with some existing model assisted estimators.
Samopoczucie retrospektywne i realne uczniów w czasie pandemii
Authors: Agnieszka Bochniarz , Olejnik Urszula 
Published: December 2021

Pozytywny stan samopoczucia w wymiarze psychicznym, fizycznym i społecznym pozwala na postrzeganie życia jako satysfakcjonującego i szczęśliwego. Przejście szkoły na tryb kształcenia zdalnego w wyniku pandemii, wywołanej koronawirusem SARS-CoV-2, zaowocowało licznymi sytuacjami trudnymi, a te wpłynęły na samopoczucie dzieci i młodzieży. Celem podjętych badań było określenie retrospektywnego i realnego samopoczucia uczniów. Poszukiwano ponadto związku poziomu samopoczucia ze zmiennymi: płci, wieku, klasy, miejsca zamieszkania i sytuacji materialnej.
Pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani dalam Upaya Peningkatan Ketahanan Pangan
Authors: Astiti Ida Ayu Putri , Winarno Joko , Rusdiyana Eksa 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dukungan, faktor – faktor penyebab kurangnya dukungan, dan merumuskan solusi dukungan pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Tandur Tukul dalam upaya peningkatan ketahanan pangan bidang hortikultura dan perikanan di Kelurahan Joyosuran Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon Kota Surakarta. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan lokasi di Kelompok Tani Tandur Tukul Kelurahan Joyosuran Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon Kota Surakarta. Informan ditentukan dengan teknik sengaja (purposive) dan snowball dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model induktif interaktif Milles dan Huberman serta pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan review informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Tandur Tukul didukung oleh ketua dan anggota kelompok tani, tokoh masyarakat, organisasi SIBAT (Siaga Bencana Berbasis Masyarakat) Kelurahan Joyosuran, Pemerintah Kelurahan Joyosuran, penyuluh pertanian lapangan (PPL), Dinas Pertanian, Ketahanan Pangan dan Perikanan (Dispertan-KPP) Kota Surakarta, dan LPMK Joyosuran dalam bentuk materi dan non materi. Faktor penyebab kurangnya dukungan yaitu terkait rendahnya wawasan budidaya tanaman dan perikanan serta jalinan komunikasi yang belum efektif. Adapun solusi dukungan pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Tandur Tukul yaitu mengadakan studi banding dan penguatan kapasitas kelompok tani beserta sumber daya manusia didalamnya.
Separable Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Projections Mediate Sociability and Valence
Authors: Tye Kay , Matthews Gillian , Lemieux Mackenzie , Brewer Elizabeth , Miranda Raymundo , Borio Matilde , Peroni Enzo , Keyes Laurel , Pereira Grace , Moraga Alba López , Kimchi Eyal , Padilla-Coreano Nancy , Wichmann Romy , Palle Anna , Lee Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Affiliative social connections facilitate well-being and survival in numerous species. Engaging in social interactions requires positive and negative motivational drive, elicited through coordinated activity across neural circuits. However, the identity, interconnectivity, and functional encoding of social information within these circuits remains poorly understood. Here, we focused on downstream projections of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) dopamine neurons (DRNDAT), which we previously implicated in ‘negative drive’-induced social motivation. We show that three prominent DRNDAT projections – to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), central amygdala (CeA), and posterior basolateral amygdala (BLP) – play separable roles in behavior, despite substantial collateralization. Photoactivation of the DRNDAT-CeA projection promoted social behavior and photoactivation of the DRNDAT-BNST projection promoted exploratory behavior, while the DRNDAT-BLP projection supported place avoidance, suggesting a negative affective state. Downstream regions showed diverse, region-specific, receptor expression, poising DRNDAT neurons to act through dopamine, neuropeptide, and glutamate transmission. Furthermore, we show ex vivo that the effect of DRNDAT photostimulation on downstream neuron excitability was predicted by baseline cell properties, suggesting cell-type-specific modulation. Collectively, these data indicate that DRNDAT neurons may bias behavior via precise modulation of cellular activity in broadly-distributed target structures.
Unsupervised Learning Method for Events Identification in φ-OTDR
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Xiaoting , Zhao Yiming , Zhong Xiang , Wang Yidan , Meng Fanchao , Ding Jinmin , Niu Yingli , Zhang Xinghua , Dong Liang , Liang Sheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an unsupervised-learning method for events-identification in φ-OTDR fiber-optic distributed vibration sensor is proposed. The different vibration-events including blowing, raining, direct and indirect hitting, and noise-induced false vibration are clustered by the k-means algorithm. The equivalent classification accuracy of 99.4% has been obtained, compared with the actual classes of vibration-events in the experiment. With the cluster-number of 3, the maximal Calinski-Harabaz index and Silhouette coefficient are obtained as 2653 and 0.7206, respectively. It is found that our clustering method is effective for the events-identification of φ-OTDR without any prior labels, which provides an interesting application of unsupervised-learning in self-classification of vibration-events for φ-OTDR.
Characterizing Groundwater Potential Using GIS-Based Machine Learning Model in Chihe River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Dejian , Qian Jiazhong , Ma Lei , Zhao Weidong , Gao Di , Hou Xiaoliang , Ma Haichun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mapping of groundwater potential over space, built by synergizing environmental variables and machine learning models, was of great significance for regional water resources management. Taking the Chihe River basin in Anhui province as an example, thirteen influence factors were used to predict the spatial distribution of groundwater, including elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), drainage density, distance to rivers, distance to faults, lithology, soil type, land use, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The potential of groundwater resource in this region was predicted using GIS-based machine learning models, including logistic regression (LR), deep neural networks (DNN), and random forest (RF) model. Then, the accuracy of prediction results was evaluated by calculating the RMSE, MAE and R evaluation index. The results show that there is no collinearity among the 13 environmental impact factors, which can provide corresponding environmental variables for the evaluation of regional groundwater potential. Machine learning models show that groundwater potential is concentrated in moderate to high potential areas. Among them, the moderate to the high potential of this area accounted for 81.14% in the LR model, 90.36% and 87.55% in the DNN model and the RF model, respectively. According to the result of these evaluation indexes, the three models all have high prediction accuracy, among which the LR model performs more prominently. The good prediction capabilities of these machine learning technologies can provide a reliable scientific basis for spatial prediction of groundwater potential and management of water resources.
Origins of direction selectivity in the primate retina
Authors: Kim Yeon Jin , Peterson Beth , Crook Joanna , Joo Hannah , Wu Jiajia , Puller Christian , Robinson Farrel , Gamlin Paul , Yau King-Wai , Viana Felix , Troy John , Smith Robert , Packer Orin , Detwiler Peter , Dacey Dennis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
From mouse to primate, there is a striking discontinuity in our current understanding of the neural coding of motion direction. In non-primate mammals, directionally selective cell types and circuits are a signature feature of the retina, situated at the earliest stage of the visual process1,2. In primates, by contrast, direction selectivity is a hallmark of motion processing areas in visual cortex3,4, but has not been found in the retina, despite significant effort5,6. Here we combined functional recordings of light-evoked responses and connectomic reconstruction to identify diverse direction-selective cell types in the macaque monkey retina with distinctive physiological properties and synaptic motifs. This circuitry includes an ON-OFF ganglion cell type, a spiking, ON-OFF poly-axonal amacrine cell and the starburst amacrine cell, all of which show direction selectivity. Moreover, we found unexpectedly that macaque starburst cells possess a strong, non-GABAergic, antagonistic surround mediated by input from excitatory bipolar cells that is critical for the generation of radial motion sensitivity in these cells. Our findings open a new door to investigation of a novel circuitry that computes motion direction in the primate visual system.
Research of simple medical service quality index system: Based on decision-making model
Authors: Zang Yingying , Li Peng , Lv Taotao , Yuan Jingyun , Wang Zhaoyang , Liu Qingguo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere are many private Chinese Medicine(CM) clinics in Europe, America and other countries to choose from, but for physicians and patients, the quality of the clinic's services is difficult to determine. Physicians provide access to CM therapies due to the increasing number of patients receiving treatment within the National Health System (NHS). However, it has become a challenge for both physicians and patients to determine the competence of those who provide CM therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple and applicable evaluation list for assessing alternative providers.AimThrough the consensus of experts, a rapid decision-making scale for the quality of CM clinics is developed for use by physicians or patients.MethodsDonabedian evaluation framework was used to design the consultation questionnaire. The indicators were designed based on the evaluation ratings of CM and the opinions of acupuncture experts in China and overseas. Delphi Method was used to seek the opinions anonymously. A pairwise comparison matrix was constructed after two rounds of expert consultation, and the weight of each indicator was calculated.ResultsThe top three weightings in the secondary indicators were the doctor-patient relationship, the number of dominant diseases, and medical records. Besides, the three highest weightings in the technical level included the number of technical projects conducted in clinics, the number of dominant diseases, and the degree of perfection of medical records. The highest weighted items in the treatment ability included the treatment effect of general diseases and the efficiency of disease treatment and treatment of general diseases. In service quality, the incidence of hospital infection and adverse events were the highest weighted items.ConclusionIt is possible to focus on the choice of therapy providers for internists and patients based on the weightings of each entry. Technical skills, competence, and quality of service are the key factors to consider when choosing an therapy provider based on specific points in each item.