bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ephraim of Ainos at work: a cycle of epigrams in the margins of Niketas Choniates
Authors: Bértola Julián 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article offers the first critical edition of a cycle of epigrams found in the margins of six manuscripts of Niketas Choniates’ History. This paper also proposes the attribution of the poems to Ephraim of Ainos, an author mainly known for his verse chronicle, which has Niketas Choniates as a source. Our poems occur in a group of manuscripts which we already knew Ephraim had used for his chronicle. Many formal parallels between the epigrams and the chronicle point to the same author and a book epigram connects one important manuscript with the city of Ainos. This paper reassesses the manuscript tradition of the epigrams with special emphasis on the marginalia of Niketas Choniates. The critical text of the poems is accompanied by two apparatuses and an English translation. The edition is preceded by some methodological considerations and followed by two appendices and three indices.
Die zweite Definition der Philosophie der alexandrinischen neuplatonischen Schule in den Werken des Niketas Stethatos
Authors: Diamantopoulos Georgios 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents Niketas Stethatos’ use of the definition of philosophy as “knowledge of human and divine things”. The definition, of Stoic origin, was elaborated by the Neoplatonic school of Alexandria (Ammonios, Elias, David, Pseudo-David) together with five other definitions, and was adopted by the Church Fathers. The first part discusses aspects of the definition’s history in ancient, Patristic, and Byzantine literature until the eleventh century, which indicates Stethatos’ uniqueness. The second part presents the definition in his works (phraseology, sources and use), with emphasis on its relation to the φυσικὴ θεωρία. Also the extraordinary often and multifaceted appearance of this definition in Stethatos’ works in his controversy with Michael Psellos is investigated. Stethatos, through his elaborated and systematic reference to the definition, propagates the mystical experience as authentic philosophy against the rise of secular philosophy and its tendency to become autonomous.
Philip-Philagathos’ allegorical interpretation of Heliodorus’ Aithiopika: Eros, mimesis and scriptural anagogical exegesis
Authors: Duluș Mircea G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The debate over the authorship of the allegorical interpretation of Heliodorus’ novel extant in codex Marc. Gr. 410 (coll. 522) bequeathed to subsequent scholarship the assumption that the text belongs to the Neoplatonic allegorical tradition of reading Homer. This essay aims to revisit this philosophical attribution and argue that the terms and philosophical categories alluded in this allegory are characteristic of a long tradition of Patristic analysis, and more specifically of Gregory of Nyssa and Maximus Confessor’s exegesis. Setting forth new textual evidence, it argues that the exegetical practice displayed in the allegory reflects Maximus Confessor’s anagogical exegesis (i. e., the etymological and numerical speculations) and Gregory of Nyssa’s pedagogy of desire and doctrine of spiritual progress as set forth in the Homilies on the Song of Songs and The Life of Moses.
Interventi censori nell’Anthologia Planudea
Authors: Floridi Lucia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to offer a complete survey of Planudes’s moralising corrections in his epigrammatic anthology, as these can be reconstructed through a comparison between Pl and the other testimonies (i. e. P and the Syllogae Minores). On the one hand, this analysis will confirm the inconsistency of the monk in bowdlerising the texts, often remarked by scholars; on the other, it will clarify that corrections intended to make a text morally acceptable are only occasional, and often ex-tempore. The Appendix discusses a further case of possible bowdlerization by Planudes in the Sylloge Laurentiana, composed about twenty years before his major anthology.
Image and Chalcedonian Eucharistic doctrine: a re-evaluation of the Riha paten, its decoration and its historical context
Authors: Fourlas Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The iconography of the Communion of the Apostles, a theme well established in Byzantine art after Iconoclasm, first appears in a securely dated context in the silver patens from Riha and Stuma. These silver plates were produced in Constantinople sometime between 575 and 578. The iconography with the twofold depiction of Christ is usually explained as a reflection of the liturgical practice of the Eucharist, namely, as a reflection of the two actors in the Eucharistic rite, the priest and a deacon distributing bread and wine. I argue instead that during the early Byzantine period the twofold depiction of Christ is an expression of the two natures of Christ directed against the Miaphysites. I propose that the exceptional appearance of the scene in the two early Byzantine silver patens from church treasures from northern Syria is likely to be explained by its Christological significance with regard to Chalcedonian Eucharistic doctrine during the persecution of the Miaphysites in the 570s.
The donor inscription of the Monastery of Lefkai (Euboea): new evidence for a μαρμαράριος of the middle byzantine period
Authors: Klonatos Vasileios A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present article focuses on the dedicatory inscription of St Charalambos, the katholikon of the Lefkai monastery in the village of Avlonari in Euboea. The inscription dates back to the second building phase of the monument, between 1143-1180. Pantelis Zographos was the first researcher who dealt with the dedicatory inscription, making however fundamental mistakes. He was followed by Johannes Koder in 1973. All subsequent researchers adopted and followed Koder’s interpretation. On the basis of new information, an amendment and new reading of the inscription are proposed which lead to a new marble carver’s signature, that of Κοσμᾶς ὁ μαρμαράριος in the dedicatory inscription. Inscriptions with the name of a stone or marble carver from the Middle Byzantine period in Greece are, up to this point, extremely rare.
Christmas presents for John Tzetzes: a new verse epistle from the letter collection
Authors: Pizzone Aglae 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The corpus of Tzetzes’ epistles edited by Pietro Luigi Leone in 1972 includes 107 letters. However, two of the earliest manuscript witnesses of the collection bequeath a 108th letter consisting of 16 iambs and closing the corpus. The short missive is addressed to one Konstantinos Phyteianos. The present paper provides the first edition and translation into English of this letter, analysing its authorship and contents as well as its rhetorical function within the corpus.
John II Komnenos’ campaign in Cilician Armenia
Authors: Takirtakoglou Konstantinos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present paper challenges the assertion that John II Komnenos’ first campaign against Cilician Armenia (1137) was directly connected with the conflict between the Byzantines and the Principality of Antioch. The supposed anti-Byzantine alliance between the Armenians and the Crusaders is examined within this context; excerpts from the relevant sources not only cast doubt on its existence, but also allow the assertion that during the period under examination the relations between the Armenians and the Crusaders were hostile. Thus, the issue that arises is the following: If Levon was an enemy of the Crusaders, why did he not stand at the Byzantines’ side, instead waging war against them? The assertion of the present paper regarding this policy decision is that it was due to Levon’s alliance with John’s primary enemy in the East, the Danishmends. In fact, the sources indicate that the subjugation of Armenia was of greater priority for the Byzantine emperor in his campaign than the conquest of Antioch. This is demonstrated by the fact that John refused to conclude a treaty with the Rubenid lord similar to that which he had concluded with the prince of Antioch, and is supported by the operational maneuvers of the Byzantine forces during the campaign. To connect John’s activities in Cilicia with his subsequent campaign in Pontus and the Turkish reactions to these Byzantine strategic moves, the present paper asserts that John’s conquest of Cilicia was part of a wider policy of strategic encirclement of the Danishmends.
Creditor Protection and Divisions – Did the CJEU Get It Right?
Authors: Alexandropoulou Antigoni , Winner Martin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The CJEU’s I.G.I. decision deals with an important aspect of creditor protection in divisions. The Court holds that the actio pauliana under Italian law may be applied to divisions, notwithstanding that such a protective measure is not foreseen in art. 146 and 153 Directive 2017/1132/EU. We argue that the Directive’s ex post protective measures should be understood as fully harmonizing provisions. The decision fails to strike the right balance between the interests of all relevant stakeholders involved, especially between different groups of creditors, and unduly impairs legal certainty. However, if one takes the decision as a basis, the judgment gives Member States considerable room to introduce or maintain additional safeguards in their national legal systems. We show that national legislators should not give in to this temptation, neither for domestic nor for cross-border divisions.
Shaped by the Rules. How Inducement Regulation Will Change the Investment Service Industry
Authors: Restelli Enrico Rino 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Inducement regulation is intended to target the conflict of interests between financial advisors and their clients. Nonetheless, it may also represent a ‘public policy device’ meant to conform the activity of European distributors with investor protection goals; indeed, by selecting the conditions under which distributors can freely collect inducements, the European regulator simultaneously shapes the market for financial services. Accordingly, ‘spot advice’ (which poorly performed in the past) is indirectly banned by the quality-enhancement provision set forth in art. 24 MiFID II, and the acknowledged importance of on-going monitoring of the portfolio opens up the collection of inducements linked to the provision of ‘periodic advice’. Since this new regime will probably increase the overall costs of investment advice enlarging the ‘advice gap’, the European regulator tries also to foster the development of FinTech permitting the collection of inducements even outside the strict provision of investment advice. Nevertheless, the concerns regarding investor protection raised by FinTech services (which allow only a mere ‘self-assessment’ of the investor’s profile) suggest a broader interpretation of inducement regulation, with the purpose of enabling investment firms to provide low-cost financial advice capable of effectively encompassing every stage of the investment relationship, from the early assessment of clients’ characteristics and objectives to the on-going management of the investments (‘simplified advice’).
Experimental demonstration of broadband negative refraction at visible frequencies by critical layer thickness analysis in a vertical hyperbolic metamaterial
Authors: Cho Hanlyun , Yang Younghwan , Lee Dasol , So Sunae , Rho Junsuk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work presents a vertical hyperbolic metamaterial (vHMM) consisting of a vertically stacked metal-dielectric multilayer that operates in the visible spectrum. The vHMM is designed by exploiting the relation between negative refraction and effective permittivity along the perpendicular direction of the layers (ε
⊥). When a vHMM has a high loss tangent defined by tan δ
⊥ ≡ Im(ε
⊥)/Re(ε
⊥), even a vHMM composed of relatively thick layers can generate negative refraction. A fabricable vHMM composed of gold and copolymer resist (EL8) which exhibits negative refraction at the wavelengths between 450 and 550 nm is designed using critical layer thickness analysis. The largest negative refraction is observed at the wavelength of 500 nm, where the angle of refraction reaches −1.03°. The corresponding loss tangent and equivalent refractive index are 1.08 and −0.47, respectively. However, negative refraction is not observed at the wavelengths longer than 550 nm due to low tan δ
⊥. We uncover that the tan δ
⊥ of a vHMM is the dominant condition for generating negative refraction rather than the ratio of layer thickness to wavelength.
Crystal structure of all-cis-2,4,6-trihydroxycyclohexane- 1,3,5-triaminium chloride sulfate, C6H18ClN3O7S
Authors: Velcheva Vyara , Hegetschweiler Kaspar , Gencheva Galina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
C6H18ClN3O7S, trigonal, P31c (no. 159), a = 8.3990(14) Å, b = 8.3990(14)∘, c = 9.6208(17) Å, V = 587.76(17) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0497, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1404, T = 300.15 K.
The crystal structure of (E)-amino(2-(4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazineyl)methaniminium 4-methylbenzoate, C9H13N4
+ C8H7O2
−
Authors: Atioğlu Zeliha , Kekeçmuhammed Hüseyin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.187(15) Å, b = 10.585(11) Å, c = 11.952(13) Å, β = 113.851(16)∘, V = 1642(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0479, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1408, T = 296(2) K.
First low-spin carbodiimide, Fe2(NCN)3, predicted from first-principles investigations
Authors: Chen Hao , Xiang Hongping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The structural stability and physical properties of the Fe(III) carbodiimide Fe2(NCN)3 were studied by use of density functional theory. The results indicate that Fe2(NCN)3 (space group

R

3
‾

c

$R&#x203e;{3}c$

) is stable both thermodynamically and mechanically. The electronic structure in combination with the phonon dispersion relations suggest that the title compound should be ferromagnetic and half-metallic, and that the Fe3+ ions are in the low-spin state.
Nyugdíjcélú megtakarítási hajlandóság Magyarországon
Authors: Rádóczy Klaudia 
Published: September 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A tanulmány célja a nyugdíjcélú megtakarítási hajlandóság vizsgálata az életkor és a megtakarítási hajlandóság függvényében. Jelen tanulmány a nyugdíjrendszer által meghatározott környezeti tényezők rövid bemutatása mellett, a nyugdíjcélú megtakarítási hajlandóságot és képességet befolyásoló emberi tényezőkre helyezi a hangsúlyt.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A tanulmányban a nyugdíjcélú megtakarítási hajlandóság életkor szerinti sajátosságait, valamit a megtakarítási hajlandóság és a megtakarítási képesség kapcsolatát egy logisztikus regressziós modell segítségével vizsgálom meg. A logisztikus regressziós modell eredményváltozója azt vizsgálja, hogy a válaszadó rendelkezett-e nyugdíjcélú megtakarítással az elmúlt 12 hónapban. A megtakarítási képességet a biztonsági tartalék képzés képességén keresztül ragadom meg. Az elemzés a Global Financial Inclusion felmérés (2017) alapján készült.
A KUTATÁS LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEI, ÚJDONSÁGOK
A kutatás legfontosabb eredménye annak bemutatása, hogy Magyarországon az idősebb kohorszok nagyobb valószínűséggel valósítanak meg nyugdíjcélú megtakarításokat, mint a fiatalabb generációk. A nyugdíjcélú megtakarítások aránya az 56-65 éves korosztályban a legmagasabb. Fontos eredmény továbbá, hogy a biztonsági tartalékokkal rendelkező válaszadók nagyobb valószínűséggel valósítanak meg nyugdíjcélú megtakarításokat is, mint azok, akik nem rendelkeznek ilyen tartalékokkal. Ezzel igazolható a nyugdíjcélú megtakarítások és a megtakarítási hajlandóság közötti pozitív kapcsolat.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
A vizsgálat alapján jól látható, hogy Magyarország esetében a nyugdíjcélú megtakarításokkal rendelkezők aránya alacsony 25,7%, de ez az arány világviszonylatban sem magasabb. Felmerül a kérdés, hogy ez az alacsony arány a nyugdíjrendszerek hibáinak tudható be, vagy az emberi természetből fakadó korlátok következményeit figyelhetjük meg.
Köszönetnyilvánítás: A tanulmány az „EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00004. Átfogó fejlesztések a Pécsi Tudományegyetemen az intelligens szakosodás megvalósítása érdekében (Időskori döntéshozatal projektelem, 11. téma)” című pályázat támogatásával készült.
IVIG Compared With IVIG Plus Infliximab in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Cole Lyndsey D. , Osborne Christina M. , Silveira Lori J. , Rao Suchitra , Lockwood Justin M. , Kunkel Megan J. , MacBrayne Christine E. , Heizer Heather R. , Anderson Marsha S. , Jone Pei-Ni , Dominguez Samuel R. 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES
To compare initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) versus IVIG plus infliximab in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

METHODS
Single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with MIS-C who met Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria and received treatment from April 2020 to February 2021. Patients were included and compared on the basis of initial therapy of either IVIG alone or IVIG plus infliximab. The primary outcome was need for additional therapy 24 hours or more after treatment initiation.

RESULTS
Seventy-two children with MIS-C met inclusion criteria. Additional therapy was needed in 13 of 20 (65%) who received IVIG alone and 16 of 52 (31%) who received IVIG plus infliximab (P = .01). The median (interquartile range) ICU lengths of stay were 3.3 (2.2 to 3.8) and 1.8 (1.1 to 2.1) days, respectively (P = .001). New or worsened left ventricular dysfunction developed in 4 of 20 (20%) and 2 of 52 (4%) (P = .05), and new vasoactive medication requirement developed in 3 of 20 (15%) and 2 of 52 (4%), respectively (P = .13). The median percentage changes in the C-reactive protein level at 24 hours posttreatment compared with pretreatment were 0% (−29% to 66%) and −46% (−62% to −15%) (P &lt; .001); and at 48 hours posttreatment, −5% (−41% to 57%) and −70% (−79% to −49%) respectively (P &lt; .001). There was no significant difference in hospital length of stay, time to fever resolution, vasoactive medication duration, or need for diuretics.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with MIS-C initially treated with IVIG plus infliximab compared with those treated with IVIG alone were less likely to require additional therapy and had decreased ICU length of stay, decreased development of left ventricular dysfunction, and more rapid decline in C-reactive protein levels.
Statistical analysis of low-rise building damage caused by the San Fernando earthquake
Authors: Scholl Roger E. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The paper summarizes an empirical investigation of damage to low-rise buildings in two selected control areas within Glendale, California, caused by the ground motion precipitated there by the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. The procedures for obtaining the appropriate data and the methodology used in deriving ground motion-damage relationships are described. Motion-damage relationships are derived for overall damage and for the most frequently damaged building components. Overall motion-damage relationships are expressed in terms of damage incidence (damage ratio) and damage cost (damage cost factor).
The motion-damage relationships derived from the earthquake data are compared with similar data obtained for low-rise buildings subjected to ground motion generated by an underground nuclear explosion. Overall comparison results show that for the same spectral acceleration, the earthquake caused slightly more damage. Differences in ground-motion characteristics for the two types of disturbances provide the most probable explanation for this discrepancy.
The use of sonobuoys in determining hypocenters of aftershocks of the February 21, 1973 Pt. Mugu earthquake
Authors: Bradner Hugh , Brune James N. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A five-station sonobuoy array was deployed in the ocean near the epicenter of the February 21, 1973 Pt. Mugu earthquake to supplement California Institute of Technology land stations for aftershock hypocenter locations. The sonobuoy data tend to force epicenters north, compared with locations from land stations alone. The study illustrates the value of sonobuoys for epicenter locations in or near the oceans.
Bedrock intensity attenuation and site factors from San Fernando earthquake records
Authors: Campbell Kenneth W. , Duke C. Martin 
Published: September 2021

abstract
An attenuation formula was derived for the Arias instrumental intensity on bedrock based, in part, on the source spectrum function obtained by Aki. The constants in the formula were calibrated for the San Fernando earthquake by using eight bedrock spectra derived from surface accelerograms. The calibrated formula was then used to compute the Arias bedrock intensities at most of the sites of the ground-level accelerographs and seismoscopes that recorded the earthquake. Maxima accelerations from accelerograms and spectral accelerations from seismoscope records were then used to compute the Arias intensities at the surface by using an empirical relation obtained by Arias. After the instrument sites were classified into four groups, (1) crystalline rock, (2) sedimentary rock, (3) shallow alluvium, and (4) deep alluvium, surface-to-bedrock intensity ratios were correlated with these site classifications which leads to four surface attenuation curves constrained to have the same slope. From the constant differences between these curves, it is possible to define site factors to be applied to bedrock intensity in order to estimate surface intensity for zoning purposes. Conversely, these factors can be applied to surface intensities for deriving bedrock attenuation curves for other earthquakes in which the geology of the instrument sites is only generally known. The site factors relative to unweathered, unfractured crystalline rock outcrops are 1.80, 3.63, 3.74, and 5.12 for classifications 1 through 4, respectively.
Automatic phase identification with one and two large aperture seismic arrays
Authors: Shlien Seymour , Toksöz M. Nafi 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Schemes to automatically identify later phases using LASA and using LASA together with NORSAR were designed and tested. With a single array, phase identification was accomplished by searching for a P or PKP phase that could be associated with a particular later phase such as PP, PcP, etc. On the basis of the time interval between the signals, their slowness, and relative amplitudes, the best phase interpretation was chosen by means of the Neyman-Person likelihood ratio test. With two arrays, detections from one array were checked against detections from the other array for signals originating from the same event.
Testing the schemes on the LASA and NORSAR detection logs, 9 later phases per day were detected and 11 events per day were found common to the LASA and NORSAR detection logs. Confusion of later phases was very minor. The most serious problem was the identification of fictitious phases and events that occurred due to various coincidences.
A report: One company's seismic surveillance system
Authors: Ostrom D. K. , Douglas R. S. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Shortly after the San Fernando Earthquake of February 9, 1971, the Southern California Edison Company, a west-coast electric utility, formed an earthquake task force. One of the rcommendations of this task force was that the utility should implement a program which would monitor and evaluate its facilities in the event of an earthquake. This recommendation led to the utility's selection and installation of a 25-instrument strong-motion accelerometer system at 19 company locations. This paper describes the implementation of the seismic surveillance system. The selection of the seismic monitoring equipment and the location, installation, data collection, data evaluation, maintenance and operation of the system are included in this paper.