bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embracing integrated watershed revitalization in Suzhou, China: learning from global case studies
Authors: Kim Joon Sik , Batey Peter W. J. , Fan Yanting , Zhong Sheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuzhou is China’s historic water town, and a sustainable approach to watershed revitalization is firmly on the agenda. The practice of integrated watershed management requires collaborative planning involving a significant number of stakeholders; no single organization can solve the problems of ecosystem management unilaterally. The changing social–political environment in China has led to the development of a new form of governance. China is in transition from the traditional government image of a regulator and a controller towards an enabler that facilitates provision and action by, and through, others. Global case studies show that sustainability issues are essential to tackling watershed ecosystem management by creating a win–win strategy for wider stakeholders. Viewed from an institutional perspective, the emergence of a new collaborative partnership model requires a different implementation process to tackle practical problems in the face of complex watershed agendas. Drawing upon global and China’s experiences, the paper concludes that some planning processes require government leadership continuity, while others need bottom–up approaches.
Propulsion system integration for a first-generation hydrogen civil airliner?
Authors: Huete J. , Nalianda D. , Pilidis P. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAn unusual philosophical approach is proposed here to decarbonise larger civil aircraft that fly long ranges and consume a large fraction of civil aviation fuel. These inject an important amount of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, and holistic decarbonising solutions must consider this sector. A philosophical–analytical investigation is reported here on the feasibility of an airliner family to fly over long ranges and assist in the elimination of carbon dioxide emissions from civil aviation.Backed by state-of-the-art correlations and engine performance integration analytical tools, a family of large airliners is proposed based on the development and integration of the body of a very large two-deck four-engine airliner with the engines, wings and flight control surfaces of a very long-range twin widebody jet. The proposal is for a derivative design and not a retrofit. This derivative design may enable a swifter entry to service.The main contribution of this study is a philosophical one: a carefully evaluated aircraft family that appears to have very good potential for first-generation hydrogen-fuelled airliners using gas turbine engines for propulsion. This family offers three variants: a 380-passenger aircraft with a range of 3,300nm, a 330-passenger aircraft with a range of 4,800nm and a 230-passenger aircraft with a range of 5,500nm. The latter range is crucially important because it permits travel from anywhere in the globe to anywhere else with only one stop. The jet engine of choice is a 450kN high-bypass turbofan.
Securitisation gaps: Towards ideational understandings of state weakness
Authors: Oskanian Kevork 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article contributes a securitisation-based, interpretive approach to state weakness. The long-dominant positivist approaches to the phenomenon have been extensively criticised for a wide range of deficiencies. Responding to Lemay-Hébert's suggestion of a ‘Durkheimian’, ideational-interpretive approach as a possible alternative, I base my conceptualisation on Migdal's view of state weakness as emerging from a ‘state-in-society's’ contested ‘strategies of survival’. I argue that several recent developments in Securitisation Theory enable it to capture this contested ‘collective knowledge’ on the state: a move away from state-centrism, the development of a contextualised ‘sociological’ version, linkages made between securitisation and legitimacy, and the acknowledgment of ‘securitisations’ as a contested Bourdieusian field. I introduce the concept of ‘securitisation gaps’ – divergences in the security discourses and practices of state and society – as a concept aimed at capturing this contested role of the state, operationalised along two logics (reactive/substitutive) – depending on whether they emerge from securitisations of the state action or inaction – and three intensities (latent, manifest, and violent), depending on the extent to which they involve challenges to state authority. The approach is briefly illustrated through the changing securitisation gaps in the Republic of Lebanon during the 2019–20 ‘October Uprising’.
Prenatal nicotine exposure leads to decreased histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation and increased p66shc expression in the neonatal pancreas
Authors: Raez-Villanueva Sergio , Debnath Amrita , Hardy Daniel B. , Holloway Alison C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrenatal exposure to nicotine, tobacco’s major addictive constituent, has been shown to reduce birth weight and increases apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the postnatal pancreas. Given that upregulated levels of the pro-oxidative adapter protein p66shc is observed in growth-restricted offspring and is linked to beta-cell apoptosis, the goal of this study was to investigate whether alterations in p66shc expression underlie the pancreatic deficits in nicotine-exposed offspring. Maternal administration of nicotine in rats increased p66shc expression in the neonatal pancreas. Similarly, nicotine treatment augmented p66shc expression in INS-1E pancreatic beta cells. Increased p66shc expression was also associated with decreased histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. Finally, nicotine increased the expression of Kdm4c, a key histone lysine demethylase, and decreased Suv39h1, a critical histone lysine methyltransferase. Collectively, these results suggest that upregulation of p66shc through posttranslational histone modifications may underlie the reported adverse outcomes of nicotine exposure on pancreatic function.
On the Cause of the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Berends C. J. , Köhler P. , Lourens L. J. , van de Wal R. S. W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT), where the Pleistocene glacial cycles changed from 41 to ∼100 kyr periodicity, is one of the most intriguing unsolved issues in the field of paleoclimatology. Over the course of over four decades of research, several different physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the MPT, involving non‐linear feedbacks between ice sheets and the global climate, the solid Earth, ocean circulation, and the carbon cycle. Here, we review these different mechanisms, comparing how each of them relates to the others, and to the currently available observational evidence. Based on this discussion, we identify the most important gaps in our current understanding of the MPT. We discuss how new model experiments, which focus on the quantitative differences between the different physical mechanisms, could help fill these gaps. The results of those experiments could help interpret available proxy evidence, as well as new evidence that is expected to become available.
Longitudinal association between CRP levels and risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies
Authors: Osimo Emanuele F. , Baxter Luke , Stochl Jan , Perry Benjamin I. , Metcalf Stephen A. , Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Jari A. , Wium-Andersen Marie Kim , Jones Peter B. , Khandaker Golam M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeta-analyses of cross-sectional studies suggest that patients with psychosis have higher circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with healthy controls; however, cause and effect is unclear. We examined the prospective association between CRP levels and subsequent risk of developing a psychotic disorder by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Databases were searched for prospective studies of CRP and psychosis. We obtained unpublished results, including adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status and suspected infection (CRP > 10 mg/L). Based on random effect meta-analysis of 89,792 participants (494 incident cases of psychosis at follow-up), the pooled odds ratio (OR) for psychosis for participants with high (>3 mg/L), as compared to low (≤3 mg/L) CRP levels at baseline was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.07). Evidence for this association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.66). After excluding participants with suspected infection, the OR for psychosis was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.06–1.74), but the association attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.95–1.60). Using CRP as a continuous variable, the pooled OR for psychosis per standard deviation increase in log(CRP) was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.93–1.34), and this association further attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.27) and excluding participants with suspected infection (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92–1.24). There was no association using CRP as a categorical variable (low, medium or high). While we provide some evidence of a longitudinal association between high CRP (>3 mg/L) and psychosis, larger studies are required to enable definitive conclusions.
Proteotyping of knockout mouse strains reveals sex- and strain-specific signatures in blood plasma
Authors: Mohammed Yassene , Michaud Sarah A. , Pětrošová Helena , Yang Juncong , Ganguly Milan , Schibli David , Flenniken Ann M. , Nutter Lauryl M. J. , Adissu Hibret A. , Lloyd K. C. Kent , McKerlie Colin , Borchers Christoph H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe proteotyped blood plasma from 30 mouse knockout strains and corresponding wild-type mice from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. We used targeted proteomics with internal standards to quantify 375 proteins in 218 samples. Our results provide insights into the manifested effects of each gene knockout at the plasma proteome level. We first investigated possible contamination by erythrocytes during sample preparation and labeled, in one case, up to 11 differential proteins as erythrocyte originated. Second, we showed that differences in baseline protein abundance between female and male mice were evident in all mice, emphasizing the necessity to include both sexes in basic research, target discovery, and preclinical effect and safety studies. Next, we identified the protein signature of each gene knockout and performed functional analyses for all knockout strains. Further, to demonstrate how proteome analysis identifies the effect of gene deficiency beyond traditional phenotyping tests, we provide in-depth analysis of two strains,C8a−/−andNpc2+/−. The proteins encoded by these genes are well-characterized providing good validation of our method in homozygous and heterozygous knockout mice. Ig alpha chain C region, a poorly characterized protein, was among the differentiating proteins inC8a−/−. InNpc2+/−mice, where histopathology and traditional tests failed to differentiate heterozygous from wild-type mice, our data showed significant difference in various lysosomal storage disease-related proteins. Our results demonstrate how to combine absolute quantitative proteomics with mouse gene knockout strategies to systematically study the effect of protein absence. The approach used here for blood plasma is applicable to all tissue protein extracts.
Elevating CDCA3 levels in non-small cell lung cancer enhances sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: Kildey Katrina , Gandhi Neha S. , Sahin Katherine B. , Shah Esha T. , Boittier Eric , Duijf Pascal H. G. , Molloy Christopher , Burgess Joshua T. , Beard Sam , Bolderson Emma , Suraweera Amila , Richard Derek J. , O’Byrne Kenneth J. , Adams Mark N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlatinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for most non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases either as maintenance therapy or in combination with immunotherapy. However, resistance remains a primary issue. Our findings point to the possibility of exploiting levels of cell division cycle associated protein-3 (CDCA3) to improve response of NSCLC tumours to therapy. We demonstrate that in patients and in vitro analyses, CDCA3 levels correlate with measures of genome instability and platinum sensitivity, whereby CDCA3high tumours are sensitive to cisplatin and carboplatin. In NSCLC, CDCA3 protein levels are regulated by the ubiquitin ligase APC/C and cofactor Cdh1. Here, we identified that the degradation of CDCA3 is modulated by activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) which promotes an interaction between CDCA3 and Cdh1. Supporting this, pharmacological inhibition of CK2 with CX-4945 disrupts CDCA3 degradation, elevating CDCA3 levels and increasing sensitivity to platinum agents. We propose that combining CK2 inhibitors with platinum-based chemotherapy could enhance platinum efficacy in CDCA3low NSCLC tumours and benefit patients.
Selective targeting of non-centrosomal AURKA functions through use of a targeted protein degradation tool
Authors: Wang Richard , Ascanelli Camilla , Abdelbaki Ahmed , Fung Alex , Rasmusson Tim , Michaelides Iacovos , Roberts Karen , Lindon Catherine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTargeted protein degradation tools are becoming a new therapeutic modality, allowing small molecule ligands to be reformulated as heterobifunctional molecules (PROteolysis Targeting Chimeras, PROTACs) that recruit ubiquitin ligases to targets of interest, leading to ubiquitination and destruction of the targets. Several PROTACs against targets of clinical interest have been described, but detailed descriptions of the cell biology modulated by PROTACs are missing from the literature. Here we describe the functional characterization of a PROTAC derived from AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 (alisertib). We demonstrate efficient and specific destruction of both endogenous and overexpressed AURKA by Cereblon-directed PROTACs. At the subcellular level, we find differential targeting of AURKA on the mitotic spindle compared to centrosomes. The phenotypic consequences of PROTAC treatment are therefore distinct from those mediated by alisertib, and in mitotic cells differentially regulate centrosome- and chromatin- based microtubule spindle assembly pathways. In interphase cells PROTAC-mediated clearance of non-centrosomal AURKA modulates the cytoplasmic role played by AURKA in mitochondrial dynamics, whilst the centrosomal pool is refractory to PROTAC-mediated clearance. Our results point to differential sensitivity of subcellular pools of substrate, governed by substrate conformation or localization-dependent accessibility to PROTAC action, a phenomenon not previously described for this new class of degrader compounds.
Construction machine scrubbing, water management
Authors: Dipotet Mollinedo Luis Guillermo 
Published: May 2021

Faced with the pollution problem that they generate, the discharge of large volumes of wastewater, to the groundwater table, caused by cleaning operations in the machine scrubbing facilities and construction equipment in the network of workshops of the construction company in La Republic of Cuba.
The work for the solution of the proposed problem consists of the projection and execution of an installation, for the sedimentation of clay, dust, stones, heavy metals, as well as swimming fats, as a treatment, for the separation of solids, from the rest of the components of wastewater that result from the scrubbing process of construction equipment. The installation for the recovery of these important volumes of water; which is the essence of this article; its operation is based on the discrimination of waste, by its specific weights, resulting from scrubbing. For the processing of wastewater, a treatment system is conceived, with two multiple tanks placed in “cascades” where the settling of the solids is guaranteed, by undergoing two consecutive filtrations. At the end of the process, clean water is obtained, which will be reused for a new scrubbing, which accumulates in a clear water tank, thereby contributing to the saving of drinking water and energy, so necessary in human activity.
Organizational and technological parameters of facade works and influencing factors
Authors: Fakhratov Mukhammet , Fadhil Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the organizational and technological features of construction.
The organization of construction production for the installation of facade systems with an air gap during the construction of buildings is associated with coordination with general construction works. Often, construction management projects developed at the design stage are adjusted taking into account the current conditions. These changes can occur both before the start of work and during the production of work. The introduction of organizational and technological changes in the production process of work can lead to a significant decrease in technical and economic indicators. In this regard, it is relevant to resolve the issues of assessment and selection of effective organizational and technological solutions for the device of facade systems. The difficulty is the assessment of factors with different dimensions of quantitative and qualitative indicators. Installation of facade systems is a work performed in the open air, in connection with which there are factors that have a rather strong influence on the complexity of the work. In addition, as with any other construction work, it depends on the completion of other construction work. Another important feature of the organization of facade work is the orientation of the work front in the unfamiliar plane of the building. The study of this type of work is relevant and is of interest from a scientific point of view, not only in matters of constructive solutions for and organization of work and the use of appropriate machines and mechanisms. A well-grounded choice of technological equipment and the number and qualification of workers will increase the performance of work.
Usage of additional coefficients for the cost of works during the engineering-technical investigation of buildings
Authors: Perunov Aleksandr , Doroshin Ivan 
Published: May 2021

The questions of frequency of using for some correcting coefficients for definition of cost of works on the engineering technical investigation are presented in the article. These coefficients are specified in recommended cost documents. There suggested the using of some other coefficients, suiting for specific investigation organization, that are not recommended in sourcebooks.
The list of coefficients, considering the complicating factors and conditions of investigation are brought in regulatory document. The frequency of using for these coefficients in the specific laboratory is given. The conditions are described, at which the value of coefficients is correctly defined, that depends on the frequency of use of these coefficients in the explored organization.
The comparison is brought between different regulatory documents (sourcebooks) by which the cost of engineering-technical investigation is calculated. The coefficients are given, that consider complicating factors, used in the specific organization, that is explored, and absent in regulatory documents. The reasons are explained, by which these coefficients must be taken into account at engineering-technical investigation.
Der venöse Schleifenshunt 1
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGLoop-Konfigurationen sind nicht auf Gefäßersatz-Shunts beschränkt. Auch autologe Shunts können spontan oder iatrogen eine Loop-Konfiguration zeigen. Das oft lange Venensegment und eine proximale AV-Anastomose (AV: arteriovenös) sind grundsätzlich stealprotektiv.
Gastrointestinal Ultrasound in Functional Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract - EFSUMB Consensus Statement
Authors: Maconi Giovanni , Hausken Trygve , Dietrich Christoph F. , Pallotta Nadia , Sporea Ioan , Nurnberg Dieter , Dirks Klaus , Romanini Laura , Serra Carla , Braden Barbara , Sparchez Zeno , Gilja Odd Helge 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAbdominal ultrasonography and intestinal ultrasonography are widely used as first diagnostic tools for investigating patients with abdominal symptoms, mainly for excluding organic diseases. However, gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS), as a real-time diagnostic imaging method, can also provide information on motility, flow, perfusion, peristalsis, and organ filling and emptying, with high temporal and spatial resolution. Thanks to its noninvasiveness and high repeatability, GIUS can investigate functional gastrointestinal processes and functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGID) by studying their behavior over time and their response to therapy and providing insight into their pathophysiologic mechanisms. The European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) has established a Task Force Group consisting of GIUS experts, which developed clinical recommendations and guidelines on the role of GIUS in several acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. This review is dedicated to the role of GIUS in assisting the diagnosis of FGID and particularly in investigating patients with symptoms of functional disorders, such as dysphagia, reflux disorders, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. The available scientific evidence of GIUS in detecting, assessing, and investigating FGID are reported here, while highlighting sonographic findings and its usefulness in a clinical setting, defining the actual and potential role of GIUS in the management of patients, and providing information regarding future applications and research.
Chemotherapy Delays Are Associated with Inferior Outcome in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center in South India
Authors: Agrawal Vineet , Kayal Smita , Ganesan Prasanth , Dubashi Biswajit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Treatment protocols for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have evolved over time to give excellent cure rates in children and moderate outcomes in adults; however, little is known how delays in chemotherapy affect long-term survival.
Objectives To find the association of delays during different treatment phases on the survival outcomes.
Materials and Methods Data from 149 ALL cases treated between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment course in commonly used protocols was divided into three phases—induction, consolidation (postremission), maintenance, and also a combined intensive phase (induction plus consolidation) for the purpose of analysis, and delay in each phase was defined based on clinically acceptable breaks. Analysis was done to find the impact of treatment delay in each phase on the survival outcomes.
Results The median age was 12 years (range, 1–57). Multi-center Protocol-841 (MCP-841) was used for 72%, German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL) for 19%, and Berlin, Frankfurt, Muenster, 95 protocol (BFM-95) for 9% of patients. Delay in induction was seen in 52%, consolidation in 66%, and during maintenance in 42% of patients. The median follow-up was 41 months, and 3-year survival outcomes for the entire cohort were event-free survival (EFS)—60%, relapse-free survival (RFS)—72%, and overall survival (OS)—68%. On univariate analysis, delay in induction adversely affected EFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78, p = 0.04), while delay in intensive phase had significantly worse EFS and RFS (HR = 2.41 [p = 0.03] and HR = 2.57 [p = 0.03], respectively). On separate analysis of MCP-841 cohort, delay in intensive phase affected both EFS (HR = 3.85, p = 0.02) and RFS (HR = 3.42, p = 0.04), whereas delay in consolidation significantly affected OS with (HR = 4.74, p = 0.04) independently.
Conclusion Treatment delays mostly in intensive phase are associated with worse survival in ALL; attempts should be made to maintain protocol-defined treatment intensity while adequately managing toxicities.