bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocytic cAMP modulates memory via synaptic plasticity
Authors: Zhou Zhiwen , Okamoto Kazuki , Onodera Junya , Hiragi Toshimitsu , Andoh Megumi , Ikawa Masahito , Tanaka Kenji F. , Ikegaya Yuji , Koyama Ryuta 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Astrocytes have been suggested as important modulators of memory. However, intracellular signaling that regulates astrocytic function in memory modulation remains to be clarified. Here, we generated a transgenic mouse line, Mlc1-bPAC, in which astrocytes increase their intracellular cAMP levels upon blue light stimulation. Using this method, we have uncovered that light-induced increase in astrocytic cAMP is sufficient to induce synaptic plasticity and modulate memory. Furthermore, we have shown that an increase in astrocytic cAMP activates the astrocyte–neuron lactate shuttle, which is essential for synaptic plasticity and memory modulation. These findings indicate the importance of astrocytic cAMP in synaptic plasticity and memory and provide a method for investigating astrocyte functions in vivo in the future.
Thermodynamics of interfaces extended to nanoscales by introducing integral and differential surface tensions
Authors: Dong W. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Our current knowledge about the thermodynamics for interfaces was essentially founded by Gibbs more than a century ago for macroscopic systems. The results presented in this work show that Gibbs thermodynamics for interfaces can be extended down to nanoscales if the new concepts of integral and differential surface tensions are introduced.
Effect of streaming velocity, magnetic field, and higher-order correction on the nature of ion acoustic solitons in the Venusian ionosphere
Authors: Fayad A A , Moslem W M , El-Labany S K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Propagation properties of weakly nonlinear ion acoustic waves are investigated in a plasma at the Venusian ionosphere. The plasma model consists of two positive cold ions (oxygen O
+ and hydrogen H
+), as well as isothermal electrons. The basic set of fluid equations is reduced to Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation and linear inhomogeneous ZK-type equation (LIZKT) equation. The renormalization method is adopted to obtain solitary solutions of both equations. The effects of plasma parameters and higher-order correction on the nature of the solitary waves are investigated. It is found that the wave phase velocity is supersonic, which is in agreement with the observations. Furthermore, the higher-order correction enlarges the soliton amplitude, which is suitable for describing the solitary waves when the wave amplitude grows.
Plasmonic wideband and tunable absorber based on semi etalon nano structure in the visible region
Authors: Roostaei N , Mbarak H , Monfared S Almasi , Hamidi S M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, a plasmonic meta-surface absorber by semi-etalon structure is introduced due to the importance of wideband absorbers in the visible region as solar absorber. For this purpose, soft nanolithography method was adopted to construct semi-etalon absorber based on poly-dimethyl-siloxane flexible membrane and gold grating structure onto its top and down side. In parallel, the structure was simulated by the aid of finite difference time domain method, and obtained good agreement between the measured and simulated results. The results indicated the etalon-based absorber achieved light absorption from 500 to 700 nm compared to one face gold grating which works in the wavelength range 500 to 600 nm with half of absorbed power. In addition, color production was evaluated via the proposed structure, and tunable colors were produced by changing the polarization and incidence angle. Thus, the proposed structure as a good wide-band absorber, and can be used for producing tunable colors under different polarization and incidence angles. The absorber can offer new insight in larger area solar absorber based on soft nano-lithography method because of the low cost and flexibility.
Diagnosing elementary teacher’s misconceptions of gravity
Authors: Desstya A , Prasetyo Z K , Suyanta  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Gravity is one of the important concepts in elementary school. The teachers must understand it well without misconceptions. Furthermore, it is obvious that research on elementary teacher misconceptions of this concept is rarely done. The goal of this study was to describe the elementary school teacher’s misconceptions of gravity. This was a qualitative research. The study was conducted on 30 public and private elementary school teachers in Surakarta. The test was used as data collection instrument consist of 3 true false questions with reasons. The teacher was to be a misconception if the justification of a statement was true, the discussion was wrong. The result indicated that 30% of teachers experienced misconceptions. They stated that objects on earth were not thrown into space due to the earth’s magnetic force. Tides were caused by the rotation of the moon around the earth and the evaporation of water. Parachutists with closed parachutes fall faster because the earth’s gravity was not obstructed. These indicated the need for efforts to improve teacher professionalism so that the quality of learning was better.
Rigorous Thinking in Mathematics Modelling for Slow Learners
Authors: Setyawan F , Andriyani  , Handayani Tri Kinasih , Ratih Koesoemo , Sutopo Anam , Rusli Tri Indah , Alfiany Nur Rizky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rigorous questions in discussion learning method plays a dominant role in the successful delivery of lessons for slow learners at higher education. This study aims to propose a framework to achieve good critical thinking for slow learners through Rigorous Mathematics computational Thinking (RMcT) model. This study used qualitative approach to describe slow learner’s critical thinking by using RMcT model. The instruments used in this study were test instrument, critical thinking questionnaire, and interview guideline as supporting instrument to describe slow learner’s critical thinking through RMcT model. The subjects were college students in mathematics modelling course in mathematics education department. Based on critical thinking test results, slow learners could divide variable used in mathematics modelling. Based on questionnaire results, slow learner students build their own understanding and solve the problem based on their experience while answering the given question during learning process. In addition, the interview they feel that the instructor can mediated the problem by giving analogy to the other material. In summary, RMcT could mediate slow learner’s critical thinking as its characteristics (by using Rigorous questions). Findings are useful for designers, service providers and policy makers of special needs higher school when implementing teaching strategy to mediated real-life problems into mathematics modelling for slow learners.
PISA Problems Solving of Students with a Visual Learning Styles
Authors: Machromah Isnaeni Umi , Ishartono Naufal , Mirandhani Angie , Muhroji  , Samsudin Muh. , Basry Wahiduddin , Ernitasari  
Published: January 2021

AbstractMathematics’ problem on PISA measures students’ ability of reasoning, problem solving and argument. So far, students are not well trained in solving PISA problems. Therefore it is necessary to know the ability to solve mathematical problems to be taken into consideration in providing questions that are similar to PISA questions. This study aims to describe students’ ability to solve mathematical problems oriented to PISA on space and shape content. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this study were students who have visual learning styles. The instruments in this study involves PISA mathematics question about space and shape content and student learning style questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. In obtaining data validity, researchers used sources triangulation. The results of this study show that students with a visual learning style understand the problem systematically and clearly by determining the known and unknown of the data. At devising a plan phase, students could find the connection of the given diagram and they have constant character. At the carrying out the plan, students solve the problem coherently. At the looking back phase, students did not recheck every steps on problem solving as they confident with their answer.
Ethnomathematics: Mathematics in Batik Solo
Authors: Faiziyah Nuqthy , Khoirunnisa’ Mufti , Azizah Navia Nur , Nurrois Muhammad , Prayitno Harun Joko , Desvian  , Rustamaji  , Warsito  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
All people in the world have their culture in living the life. These culture is built of activities they do every day in a long time. Batik is one of traditional art of Indonesia’s cultural heritage. It has many varieties, one of them is Batik Solo. It also has many motifs. Ethnomathematics is a study about culture and mathematics concepts. This research is to explore Batik Solo and to find the mathematics concept in it. Using ethnography method, the data collection uses principles in ethnography namely observation, interview, and documentation. The results of the research in this article are twofold. Some Batik Solo motifs contain mathematical elements, especially geometric material, namely the principles of translation and reflection. Besides, that there are vertical and horizontal lines as well as perpendicular and parallel lines included. The mathematical concept, especially the geometry used in the making of Batik, is the use of the tessellation or tiling principle. The tessellation principle is the basis for the development of the Solo batik motifs.
Developing Mathematics Learning Kits Using the RME Approach for Students of Marine Vocational High School
Authors: Ralmugiz Uke , Merliza Pika , Sari Desy Kumala , Yusuf St Muthmainnah , Zulfikar Ryan Nizar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aims to produce a mathematics instructional kits for students of Marine Vocational High School using Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach and oriented to mathematics reasoning, connection, and curiosity which is valid, practical, and effective. This study was a research and development study. It developed instructional kits using Plomp development model which consisted of three main steps, that is: (1) preliminary research, (2) development or prototyping phase, and (3) assessment phase. The subjects of the study were 28 students of grade X in Marine Major class of SMK Negeri 7 Kupang. The validity of the instruments used was a validation sheet. The practicality of the instruments used was a teacher assessment sheet, students assessment sheets, and observation sheets of learning implementation. Then, the effectiveness of the instruments consisted of a test for measuring students’ reasoning and connection, meanwhile a questionnaire was to measure students’ curiosity. Data analysis was conducted by converting quantitative data of assessment scores, students’ scores of test, and questionnaire to qualitative data. This research resulted mathematics learning kits for students of Marine Vocational High School using Realistic Mathematics Education approach and oriented to mathematics reasoning, connection, and curiosity in the form of lesson plan and student worksheet which have met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.
Probalistic Thinking Based on Probabilistic Thinking Responses to Math Problem Solving
Authors: Hidayati Yulia Maftuhah , Afifah Nurul , Nurhidayat  , Fuadi Djalal , Apuanor  , Wiguna Alivermana , Waluyo Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The objective of the study is to describe the fourth-grade students’ probabilistic thinking response of SD State Elementary 4 Kaliwuluh, Karanganyar regency, Central Java, Indonesia to math solving the problem of geometry. It used a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that the students’ responses were in four categories. Their non-response responses were difficult to understand questions and so that they guested their answers. In the non-statistic responses, they could solve their answers self-confidently. In the partial statistic response, they related the materials obtained, but they did not use a proper concept. In the statistic responses, they could relate the answers by using a mathematical concept and count systematically.
Gifted Children’s Mathematical Reasoning Abilities on Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning Literacy
Authors: Abidin Z , Sutama  , Herman T , Jupri A , Farokhah L , Apuanor  , Sonedi  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article describes gifted children’s mathematical reasoning abilities. They have a natural talent that must be facilitated, namely reasoning. In mathematics, problem-based learning, project-based learning literacy and Inquiry are learning models commonly used. Mathematics learning can improve the ability of mathematical reasoning because children are required to think logically. The research method was quantitative with the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. This research was conducted in three special classes of gifted children. The results showed that the reasoning of gifted children who obtained problem-based learning was better than gifted children who received other learning. It was caused by activities that always present problems contextually with everyday life. Then, gifted children were still required to be problem solvers by conducting in-depth investigations and collaborating with friends. Gifted children who get project-based learning literacy have good mathematical reasoning skills. It was because gifted children were required to make literacy work oriented to the mathematical problems presented. Furthermore, gifted children who obtain inquiry learning have a middle ability. Gifted children were asked to find mathematical concepts so that learning is meaningful.
Comparative Study of Switched Capacitor Converter Topologies for Wearable Devices
Authors: Do Wanglok , Eguchi Kei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As wearable devices with low input voltages have drawn much attention from academic and industrial fields, the use of switched capacitor converters (SCC) also increases. This is because the wearable devices are required to utilize small size power converters and SCCs have no bulky circuit components such as magnetic components. Many kinds of SCCs have been suggested but they are based on three fundamental SCC topologies that are Dickson, series-parallel and Fibonacci topologies. In this study, three topologies are theoretically analyzed and simulated. With the results from them, a comparison is conducted to provide future circuit designers with a standard to choose a proper SCC topology for wearable devices.
Optimization of Filter and Operational Amplifier Based on Evolutionary Strategy
Authors: Lu Tengteng , Luo Chao , Xu Jun , Guo Guoping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Optimization of analog circuits relies on engineers’ experience and intuition to find suitable parameters to satisfy circuit specifications. This job is highly labor-intensive, highly repetitive, and time-consuming, but the optimized circuit is sub-optimal. In this paper, the evolutionary strategy is proposed to optimize analog circuit design strategy. The filter designed by engineers and operational amplifier with random generated instances’ parameters are included, and the S parameters of the filter and the gain and dynamic power consumption of the operational amplifier are optimized respectively. The simulation results show that the filter and operational amplifier can be further optimized by using the evolutionary strategy. This method can greatly reduce the workload of analog circuit designers, improve the performance of analog circuits and shorten the design cycle.
FPGA Implementation of 3-bit Quantized CNN for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Miyama Masayuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Semantic segmentation is a task of inputting an image and performing category classification for each pixel. Semantic segmentation by CNN has high accuracy but its calculation using floating-point numbers consumes a large amount of power. We adopted UNET as the semantic segmentation CNN and improved it for FPGA implementation. We quantized both weights and activations of the network up to 3-bit. Then, we devised a dedicated hardware architecture for the quantized CNN and implemented it on an FPGA. This circuit uses only internal memory to perform forward propagation calculations, that eliminates high-power external memory accesses. This circuit is a stall-free pixel-by-pixel pipeline, and performs 8 rows, 16 input channels, 16 output channels, 3 by 3 pixels convolution calculations in parallel. The convolution calculation performance at an operating frequency of 300 MHz is 11 TOPs/s.
Experimental Examination of Component-Differentially-Challenged XOR PUF Circuits
Authors: Mursi Khalid T. , Zhuang Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhysical unclonable functions (PUFs), leveraging tiny physical variations of the circuits to produce unique responses for individual PUF instances, are emerging as a promising class of hardware security primitives for resource-constrained IoT devices. Component-differentially-challenged XOR PUFs (CDC XPUFs) are among the PUFs which were shown to be highly secure to machine learning modeling attacks. However, no study of implementation and experimentation has been carried out. In this paper, we report our implementations of CDC XPUFs on FPGAs and experimental studies of the essential properties of CDC XPUFs.
A Hybrid-Optimizer-Enhanced Neural Network Method for the Security Vulnerability Study of Multiplexer Arbiter PUFs
Authors: Mursi Khalid T. , Thapaliya Bipana , Zhuang Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the advent of the Internet of Things, security has become indispensable. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are emerging as a promising alternative to classical cryptographic algorithms as it provides a lightweight and cost-effective solution for implementing a keyless security mechanism. Before adopting a PUF for real-world applications, a thorough examination of all important properties of PUF is necessary, and security and reliability are two of the important properties. The multiplexer based PUF (MPUF) was recently designed to improve upon the reliability while maintaining a similar resistance to machine learning (ML) attacks as compared with XOR PUFs of certain sizes. Recently, feed-forward neural network (NN) methods were found to be an effective tool for studying PUFs’ security against ML attacks, and a study in 2019 found that some MPUFs are insecure against NN attack methods. In this paper, we try to gain further insight into various factors of NNs that affect the predictive power of NN as PUF attack methods. We investigate a NN that employs different optimizers at different stages of the machine learning process, leading to what is called a hybrid-optimizer-enhanced NN. We implemented the new NN for ML attack of MPUFs, and experimental results have shown it converges faster than a traditional NN with a single optimizer on attacking MPUFs, and the new method also requires less training data as compared with a recent NN-based attack study of MPUFs.
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC IN THE DOMESTIC TRAVELOGUE
Authors: Sukhorukov V D , Gladkiy Yu N , Grigor’ev A A , Paranina A N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Historical and geographical information about the Arctic were being accumulated gradually. The starting point here can be considered the ancient myths of Hyperborea as the northern ancestral home of mankind. However, only in the X century the Europeans (Normans) were in the circumpolar part of the world. The Russians came to the Arctic in the XII century and established themselves in the territories called “Pomor’e” (the lands from Karelia to the Northern Urals). Active promotion of our ancestors on the Asian coast of the Arctic took place in the XVII-XVIII centuries. Further study and development of this region unfolded in the XIX-XX centuries. The modern historical stage – the time of intensive development of the Arctic. Many successes have been achieved by scientists, engineers, prospectors, and numerous enthusiasts. The names of the most outstanding Arctic conquerors have not only received scientific and public recognition but are also immortalized on geographical maps in the names of seas, straits, islands, bays, coasts, capes, cities, towns and other objects.
Despite the harsh nature, the Arctic was and remains an integral part of the world’s Ecumene. This testifies to the indissoluble unity of man with the surrounding reality, connections with which have no restrictions. In fact, there is a constantly expanding and deepening dialogue of people with the external environment and among themselves. The result of this existence is the comprehension of man himself and his being. The most important condition for this communication is the ability of the individual to master and learn the world, appreciate the surrounding space and exchange exchange the received information. At the same time, the feeling of life’s reality occurs not so much in the given mode, as in the field of active communications.
Mass and individual tourism, which has covered the whole world, is now a widespread communicative practice instead of former trips and expeditions. Travelogue as a genre of stereoscopic narration of experiences and a special type of reporting has become a cognitive response of modern “wanderers” to the impressions received from their trips. The authors of the article analyze the content of this concept in the research meaning and experimental application to the Arctic.
Distribution of Polychaete Communities along the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago
Authors: Dikaeva D R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The species composition and quantitative characteristics of polychaete communities have been analyzed along the western coast of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago based on the materials collected in the expeditions of Murmansk Marine Biological Institute (MMBI) in 2006, 2007, and 2019. Three faunistic complexes have been identified in the study area in accordance to the changing environmental conditions northwards along the western coast of the Novaya Zemlya. The species composition and structure of polychaete communities depended on the structure of bottom sediments, depth, and the hydrodynamics of the near-bottom water layer. The polychaete fauna of the studied area has been compared with the literature data; particularly, we have observed as well the dominance of the detritus feeder Spiochaetopterus typicus, which role increased in the deep water areas on silty sands and silty clays rich in detritus. In the area of the Novaya Zemlya shallow waters, unfavorable habitat conditions for the detritus-feeders existed on rough sands with active hydrodynamics, which led to a decrease in the biomass of polychaetes and to a change in the dominant species