bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustering of blood cell count abnormalities and future risk of death
Authors: Patti Giuseppe , Lio Veronica , Di Martino Giuseppe , Ricci Fabrizio , Renda Giulia , Melander Olle , Engström Gunnar , Hamrefors Viktor , De Caterina Raffaele , Fedorowski Artur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe identification of novel predictors of poor outcome may help stratify cardiovascular risk. Aim was to evaluate the individual contribution of blood cell count parameters, as well as their clustering, on the risk of death and cardiovascular events over the long term in the population‐based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort.MethodsIn 30,447 individuals (age 57 ± 8 years), we assessed the incidence of all‐cause death (primary endpoint) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, secondary outcome measure) according to absence or presence of one, two and three factors at baseline out of the following: anaemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. Median follow‐up was 16 years.ResultsThe percentages of all‐cause death were 19.5% in individuals without factors, 21.3% in those with one factor, 27.4% with two and 46.4% with three (log‐rank test P < .001). The crude incidence of MACE was 28.0%, 29.2%, 35.5% and 57.1%, respectively (log‐rank test P < .001). At multivariate analysis, we found a stepwise increase in overall mortality with increasing number of prevalent factors (one factor: HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.14‐1.31, P < .001; two factors: 1.61, 1.37‐1.89, P < .001; three factors: 2.69, 1.44‐5.01, P = .002, vs no factor). Similar findings were observed for the incidence of MACE (one factor: adjusted HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11‐1.24, P < .001; two factors: 1.52, 1.33‐1.76, P < .001; three factors: 2.03, 1.21‐3.67, P < .001, vs no factor).ConclusionsThe easily assessable clustering of anaemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis heralds higher incidence of death and adverse cardiovascular events.
White matter abnormalities in a patient with visual snow syndrome: New evidence from a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Latini Francesco , Fahlström Markus , Marklund Niklas , Feresiadou Amalia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundVisual snow syndrome (VSS) is a neurological condition characterized by flickering dots throughout the entire visual field. Both the pathophysiology and possible location of VSS are still under debate. White matter abnormalities were investigated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a patient with VSS.MethodsA 28‐year‐old patient with VSS and 10 healthy controls were investigated with DTI. Diffusion parametric maps were calculated and reconstructed using q‐space diffeomorphic reconstruction. White matter pathways of the dorsal, ventral, integrative visual streams and thalamic connectivity were tracked. Then, they were applied to each subject's parameter map, stretched to the same length, and sampled along the tracts for regional analyses of DTI parameters.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, our patient displayed higher axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in the dorsal visual stream (cingulum, arcuate fasciculus, horizontal indirect anterior segment of the superior longitudinal fasciculus), in the ventral visual stream (fronto‐occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus) and in the integrative visual stream (indirect posterior component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, vertical occipital fasciculus). Higher AD and RD were also detected in acoustic and optic radiations, and in thalamic radiations distal to the thalamus.ConclusionThis VSS patient displayed multiple, bilateral white matter changes in the temporo‐parieto‐occipital junction in white matter pathways related to vision. We encourage the study of white matter pathology using DTI in complex neurological syndromes including VSS.
Beneficial effects of coagulase‐negative Staphylococci on Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization
Authors: Bier Katharina , Schittek Birgit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur skin is constantly exposed to a large number of pathogens while at the same time undergoing selective colonization by commensal microorganisms such as coagulase‐negative Staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus, however, is a facultative pathogen that is usually absent from healthy skin but frequently colonizes the inflamed skin of atopic dermatitis patients, where it further promotes inflammation. Enhanced S. aureus skin colonization was shown to correlate with a loss of microbiome diversity indicating a role for skin commensals to shape pathogen colonization. Together, keratinocytes and immune cells in the skin need to discriminate commensals from pathogens and orchestrate subsequent immune reactions in response to colonizing microbes. However, the mechanisms how individual commensals cooperate with keratinocytes and the immune system of the skin to prevent pathogen colonization are barely understood. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the functional effects of coagulase‐negative staphylococci, the most frequently isolated skin commensals, on S. aureus skin colonization.
Redefining risk in data‐poor fisheries
Authors: Grewelle Richard E. , Mansfield Elizabeth , Micheli Fiorenza , De Leo Giulio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe productivity susceptibility analysis (PSA) is a widely used method to rapidly assess species risk to fishing activities in data‐poor fisheries. A step in ecological risk assessments and used in data‐poor assessment for sustainable fisheries certification programmes (e.g. MSC) and recommendation lists (e.g. Seafood Watch), the PSA is semi‐quantitative, yet little attention has been given to the theoretical basis of this analysis. Current thresholds designating low‐, medium‐ and high‐risk categories divide the PSA plot by equal area, assuming area corresponds to likelihood. We show that plot area does not correspond to likelihood, however, and existing thresholds need revision due to the non‐uniform distribution of vulnerability scores on the PSA plot. The probability of medium risk assignment increases with the number of attributes used to characterize productivity and susceptibility. Here, we present a novel and statistically robust method to derive vulnerability, where threshold values between the risk categories are adjusted with the number of attributes used in the assessment. Our comprehensive framework accounts for all variations in the method, including logarithmic scaling of axes, weighting of attributes and scoring procedures. Simulated results across a range of conditions and comparative evaluation of 302 species in five studies show that one‐third of species may be re‐categorized with the new PSA approach. Importantly, the existing PSA approach underestimates risk by up to 35% when compared with the new method. These findings have strong implications for management of data‐poor fisheries. We recommend adoption of this approach to the PSA to better resolve species’ risk.
Rotifers stimulate the specific uptake rate in lotic phototrophic biofilms
Authors: Liu Yang , Tackx Michèle , Dauta Alain , Julien Frédéric , Buffan‐Dubau Evelyne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Stream biofilms can improve water quality (e.g. excessive nitrogen loads) because their microorganisms such as microphytobenthos and bacteria, are involved in self‐depuration processes in the biofilm. In marine sediments, meiofauna can influence primary productivity of phototrophic biofilms, stimulate bacterial growth, and exert a significant role on nitrogen cycling. We hypothesised that in rivers biofilms, increased meiofauna abundance in combination with nutrient enrichment can lead to improve biofilm nutrient uptake ability.

River biofilms (from the Garonne River, France) were incubated in flumes supplied with natural river water. The uptake rates of the biofilms as well as the response of microorganisms were studied under different conditions of meiofaunal density and concentration over a 10‐day experiment.

Rotifers dominated the meiofauna community in all biofilms. Under high nitrate conditions, the biofilm uptake rate was significantly higher in meiofauna‐enriched than non‐enriched biofilms over the first 2 days. This suggests that under high nitrate concentration conditions, high densities of rotifers enhanced the nitrogen uptake capacity of phototrophic biofilm despite a lower biomass. Densities of rotifers and bacteria in biofilms were positively correlated under enriched conditions suggesting that these two communities interacted over the experimental period. Signature pigment concentrations show that, under low concentrations of , biomasses of diatoms and green microalgae were higher in meiofaunal‐enriched than non‐enriched biofilms, indicating that rotifer activity favoured biomass accumulation of these algae.

This study demonstrates that meiofauna inhabiting biofilms may contribute to the limitation of nitrogen loads in stream water and supports the thesis that the potential interactions between faunal groups and microbial communities of biofilms merits further investigation to improve our understanding of processes which regulate interactions between biofilms and the overlying water in rivers.
Progression of behavioral deficits during periadolescent development differs in female and male DISC1 knockout rats
Authors: Glenn Melissa J. , Batallán Burrowes Ariel A. , Yu Waylin , Blackmer‐Raynolds Lisa , Norchi Amanda , Doak Amanda L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMutations in the disrupted in schizophrenia‐1 (DISC1) gene are associated with an increased risk of developing psychological disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Assessing the impact of knocking out genes, like DISC1, in animal models provides valuable insights into the relationship between the gene and behavioral outcomes. Previous research has relied on mouse models to assess these impacts, however these may not yield as reliable or rich a behavioral analysis as can be obtained using rats. Thus, the goal of the present study was to characterize the behavioral effects of a biallelic functional deletion of the DISC1 gene in the Sprague Dawley rat. Female and male wild type and DISC1 knockout rats were assessed beginning just prior to weaning and during the post‐weaning periadolescent period. The primary outcomes evaluated were activity, anxiety, responses to novel objects and conspecifics, and prepulse inhibition. These behaviors were selected as analogous indices of psychological dysfunction in humans. The DISC1 knockout had significant effects on behavior, although the kind and magnitude of deficits was different for females and males: in females, effects included hyperactivity, aversion to novelty, and a modest prepulse inhibition deficit; in males, effects in anxiety and neophobia were mild but their prepulse inhibition deficit was large. These data confirm that the DISC1 knockout rat model is an excellent way to reproduce and study symptoms of psychological disorders and provides compelling evidence for differential consequences of its dysfunction for females and males in the progression and emergence of specific behavioral deficits.
Chromatin remodeling in replication‐uncoupled maintenance DNA methylation and chromosome stability: Insights from ICF syndrome studies
Authors: Unoki Motoko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is characterized by frequent appearance of multiradial chromosomes, which are distinctive chromosome fusions that occur at hypomethylated pericentromeric regions comprising repetitive sequences, in activated lymphocytes. The syndrome is caused by mutations in DNMT3B, ZBTB24, CDCA7, or HELLS. De novo DNA methylation is likely defective in patients with ICF syndrome harboring mutations in DNMT3B, whereas accumulating evidence suggests that replication‐uncoupled maintenance DNA methylation of late‐replicating regions is impaired in patients with ICF syndrome harboring mutations in ZBTB24, CDCA7, or HELLS. ZBTB24 is a transcriptional activator of CDCA7, and CDCA7 and HELLS compose a chromatin remodeling complex and are involved in the maintenance DNA methylation through an interaction with UHRF1 in a feed‐forward manner. Furthermore, our recent studies possibly provided the missing link between DNA hypomethylation and the formation of the abnormal chromosomes; it could occur via aberrant transcription from the hypomethylated regions, followed by pathological R‐loop formation. The homologous‐recombination dominant condition caused by a defect in nonhomologous end joining observed in several types of ICF syndrome could facilitate the formation of multiradial chromosomes. Here, the latest knowledge regarding maintenance DNA methylation and chromosome stability provided by those studies is reviewed.
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous prophylaxis with dalcinonacog alfa in adults with haemophilia B
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny , Levy Howard , Lee Martin , Del Greco Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimPhase 2b study to assess efficacy, safety, thrombogenicity, immunogenicity and tolerability with 28 days of daily dosing of subcutaneous (SQ) dalcinonacog alfa as prophylaxis for haemophilia B (HB).MethodsAdult males with a confirmed diagnosis of congenital HB (factor IX [FIX] activity <2%) received daily dalcinonacog alfa 100 IU/kg SQ until day 28. The primary efficacy endpoint was the number of participants who achieved a steady‐state FIX activity level ≥12%. Tolerability, thrombogenicity and immunogenicity were study safety endpoints.ResultsOf 6 participants who received study drug, one discontinued the study on day 7 due to injection‐site reactions (ISR). Of the 5 participants completing the study, FIX activity level exceeded 12% in 3 participants at day 7, increasing to 4 participants on days 14, 21 and 28 and all 5 at day 29. Pharmacokinetic findings (including mean alpha and beta half‐life of 5.3 days and 3.9 days, respectively, and mean residence time of 6.2 days) supported prolonged effects. Thrombogenicity markers remained normal throughout prophylactic injections or showed some initial increases followed by decreases with continued dosing. Two participants had anti‐drug antibodies to dalcinonacog alfa at study end, none had neutralizing antibody. Two participants had ISR, both resolved. Reports of redness, swelling, tenderness or pain among the first 3 participants prompted dose‐splitting for the last 3 participants, leading to fewer ISR.ConclusionSubcutaneous dalcinonacog alfa is effective in raising FIX levels into the mild haemophilia range, comparable to intravenous extended half‐life FIX clotting factors.
Enhanced red emission and improved thermal quenching of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphors via boron doping
Authors: Lu Xiangyu , Yuan Hailong , Huang Zhifeng , Zhou Yujuan , Chen Fei , Shen Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of high‐performance phosphors is required for phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes. However, most approaches are unable to achieve optimum emission intensity and thermal quenching simultaneously. Here, a series of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (CASN:Eu2+) red‐emitting phosphors doped with B were synthesized using field‐assisted sintering technology. Compared with CASN:Eu2+, the B‐doped phosphor exhibited high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and good thermal quenching performance. With boron doping, the EQE of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ shows an obvious growth, increasing from 48.83% to 70.68%. Meanwhile, thermal quenching performance has also been greatly improved, which is strongly associated with the band structure of Eu2+ and the crystal structure of CASN. The location of B in the crystal lattice was studied and the mechanism of improving thermal quenching via B doping was discussed in detail. Finally, a white LED fabricated by the combination of a GaN blue chip (450 nm) with the as‐synthesized red phosphors and Y3(Al, Ga)5O12:Ce3+ green phosphors (531 nm), shows a high color rendering index (Ra =91.6). This study offers a novel method to improve luminescence properties of CASN:Eu2+ red‐emitting phosphors, which may broaden their application in solid‐state lighting devices.
Risk versus recovery: Care planning with individuals on community treatment orders
Authors: Dawson Suzanne , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear , Simpson Alan , Lawn Sharon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommunity treatment orders (CTOs) require individuals with a mental illness to accept treatment from mental health services. CTO legislation in South Australia states that treatment and care should be recovery‐focused, although justification for use is predominantly risk‐based, and care often coercive. Although CTOs are contested, individuals, families, and clinicians frequently engage in care planning within this context. This paper examines how the concepts of risk and risk management impact care planning from the perspectives of individuals on CTOs, their families, and clinicians. Ethnographic methods of observation and interview provided a detailed account of the perspectives of each group over an 18‐month period from two community mental health teams in South Australia. Findings show that care planning occurred within a culture of practice dominated by risk. Risk, however, was understood differently by each participant group, with the dominant narrative informed by biogenetic understandings of mental illness. This dominance impacted on the positioning of participant groups in care planning, focus of care contacts, and care options available. To improve care experiences and outcomes for individuals on CTOs, narrow conceptualizations of risk and recovery need to broaden to include an understanding of personal and social adversities individuals face. A broader understanding should reposition participants in the care planning context and rebalance care discussions, from a focus on clinical recovery to recovering citizenship.
Spin glass behavior and exchange bias effect in GaFeO3‐type iron oxide
Authors: Lin Xiaoxia , Wang Jianlin , Fu Zhengping , Huang Qiuping , Lu Yalin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGaFeO3‐type iron oxide is a promising room‐temperature multiferroic material due to its large magnetization and polarization. To expand the scope of its application, it is crucial to control the magnetic properties. Based on introducing the ferromagnetic (FM) Fe3O4 in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) GaFeO3 to build the FM‐AFM interface by changing the Ga/Fe ratio, Ga0.69Fe1.31O3 (GFO) was successfully grown by the floating zone method. The resulting sample was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and its magnetic properties were measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The temperature‐dependent AC susceptibility measurement shows that the spin glass‐like behavior of GFO at temperatures close to 50 K is a manifestation of the geometrical frustration arising from cation site disorder. In addition, the magnetic property measurement shows that the magnetic transition temperature Tc is at 650 K, which is introduced by Fe3O4 and suppresses the ferromagnetic transition around 320 K of GFO. Interestingly, the observed exchange bias effect, which does not exist in the bulk GaFeO3‐type family, is attributed to the formation of an FM/AFM interface due to the existence of FM Fe3O4 in the GFO. This study provides a new perspective on the properties of the GaFeO3‐type family for potential applications in spintronic devices.
A mixed methods study on the manifestations of behavioural symptoms of dementia among veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Kang Bada , Karel Michele J. , Corazzini Kirsten N. , McConnell Eleanor S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore how behavioural symptoms of dementia are manifested among veterans in residential long‐term care settings, in the context of personal, interpersonal/social and environmental triggers and how the manifestations differ between veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.DesignSecondary analysis using a mixed methods approach.MethodsWe analysed text data from a stratified random sample of 66 cases derived from the programme evaluation dataset of the Staff Training in Assisted Living Residences‐Veterans Health Administration (STAR‐VA) intervention from 2013 to 2016, using framework analysis. The detailed behavioural assessment descriptions in this dataset are consistent with contemporary non‐pharmacologic symptom management. Qualitative categories were converted to quantitative variables for two group comparisons.ResultsFour patterns emerged linking specific types of triggers and behavioural symptoms: (1) unmet physical needs or emotional distress triggers non‐aggressive behaviours; (2) unsolicited direct care approach triggers care refusal, resistance or combativeness; (3) interpersonal interactions interfering with self‐direction trigger aggressive behaviours; and (4) uncontrolled stimulation from environments trigger non‐aggressive behaviours. The organisational culture of care influenced how staff conceptualised behavioural symptoms. Veterans with co‐existing posttraumatic stress disorder and dementia tended to exhibit rejection of care with aggression compared to those with dementia alone.ConclusionContextualised accounts of behavioural symptoms of dementia revealed symptom heterogeneity, with different clusters of multi‐level triggers arising from specific personal, interpersonal and environmental circumstances. Distinct patterns of symptom manifestations between veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder suggest a tailored approach is required to meet each veteran's unique biopsychosocial needs.ImpactClassifying behavioural symptoms with their triggers rather than solely by behaviours provides important new information for developing person‐centred, non‐pharmacological interventions to improve outcomes for veterans with dementia. Multi‐level interventions should be considered to meet veteran's needs that account for their earlier life history and current life circumstances.
Accounting for inter‐annual variability alters long‐term estimates of climate suitability
Authors: Gardner Alexandra S. , Gaston Kevin J. , Maclean Ilya M. D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimSpecies respond to environmental conditions and so reliable assessments of climate suitability are important for predicting how climate change could alter their distributions. Long‐term average climate data are often used to evaluate the climate suitability of an area, but in these aggregated climate datasets, inter‐annual variability is lost. Due to non‐linearity in species’ biological responses to climate, estimates of long‐term climate suitability from average climate data may be biased and so differ from estimates derived from the average annual suitability over the same period (average response). We investigate the extent to which such differences manifest in a regional assessment of climate suitability for 255 plant species across two 17‐year time periods.LocationCornwall in South‐West England provides a case study.TaxonPlantae.MethodsWe run a simple mechanistic climate suitability model and derive quantitative estimates of climate suitability for 1984–2000 and 2001–2017. For each period, we run the model using climate data representing average monthly values for that period. We then run the model for each year using monthly climate data for that year and average the annual suitability scores across each period (average response). We compare estimates of climate suitability from these two approaches.ResultsAverage climate data gave higher estimates of suitability than the average response, suggesting bias against years of poor suitability in temporally aggregated climate datasets. Differences between suitability estimates were larger in areas of high climate variability and correlated with species’ environmental requirements, being larger for species with small thermal niches and narrow ranges of precipitation tolerance.Main ConclusionsIncorporating inter‐annual variability into climate suitability assessments or understanding the extent to which average climate data might obscure this variance will be important to predict reliably the impacts of climate change on species distributions and should be considered when using mechanistic species distribution models.