bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial Infections: Pathogenicity, Resistance and Novel Antimicrobials
Authors: Wu Lin , Wu Zhi Cheng , Todosiichuk Tetiana , Korneva Oleksandra 
Published: July 2021

Background. The fight against the spread of infectious diseases creates the problem of resistance to pathogens and the most resistant of them – the propagators of nosocomial infections – are formed in hospitals because of a number of reasons. The solution of the problem lies in different areas, but the search of new effective means for the treatment of such diseases remains relevant right today. The shortest way to do this is to find the "pain points" of the pathogens themselves, i.e. the factors of their pathogenicity and resistance to which the action of novel antiseptics should be directed.
Objective. We aimed to analyse and evaluate the main factors of pathogenicity and resistance of pathogens of nosocomial infections to determine modern approaches to the development of novel antimicrobials.
Methods. Search and systematization of new scientific data and results concerning pathogenic factors of microbial pathogens that can be used as targets for the action of drugs.
Results. Over the last 10–20 years, due to the development of new research methods in biology, it has become possible to clarify the features and additional conditions for the detection of pathogenic factors of nosocomial infections. Additional mechanisms of manifestation of resistance, adhesiveness, invasiveness, transmission of signs, secretion of toxins by pathogens are shownthat determines the general increase of their resistance to the action of currently used means. The general idea of ​​creating antiseptics that will not increase the resistance of pathogens can now be implemented by using substances with multidirectional or indirect mechanisms of action that minimally affect the metabolism of the cell and significantly reduce its resistance and pathogenicity.
Conclusions. Factors of pathogenicity of propagators of nosocomial infections and mechanisms of their implementation can be considered as the main targets for the action of novel antiseptics that will inhibit the spread of pathogens without increasing their resistance. The promising substances for such drugs, among other things, are bacteriophages and their modifications, enzybiotics, immunobiotics, autoinducer inhibitors, quorum sensing-system inhibitors, b-lactamase inhibitors and others. Some of these substances in combination with the new generation of antibiotics significantly enhance their effectiveness and together they are able to overcome the resistance of even multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Mariposas asociadas a bosques en Solano, Caquetá, Amazonia Colombiana (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
Authors: Ramos Artunduaga Jonathan , Londoño Carvajal Carlos Andrés , Marín Uribe Mario 
Published: July 2021

Hicimos un muestreo de las mariposas de algunos bosques del municipio de Solano, departamento de Caquetá, en la Amazonia colombiana. La recolección de mariposas se llevó a cabo durante cuatro días consecutivos en cuatro localidades de estudio, utilizando trampas con atrayentes y redes de búsqueda activa. Cada localidad contó con 12 puntos de muestreo con distancia de 250 m entre puntos, para un recorrido total de tres kilómetros. Se recolectaron 487 individuos, pertenecientes a 110 especies, 80 géneros, 28 tribus, 17 subfamilias y seis familias. Las familias con mayores abundancias y número de especies fueron Nymphalidae, con 68.2 % (75 spp.), Riodinidae 11.8 % (13 spp.) y Pieridae 10 % (11 spp.). La subfamilia mejor representada fue Satyrinae (N=228), destacando la tribu Morphini (N=65). Se destacan el hallazgo de seis especies de Marpesia, la tercera parte de las especies descritas para el género, y el de Gunayan rubricollis, una especie rara en Colombia. La presente investigación confirma la diversidad de mariposas en bosques amazónicos, donde más del 40 % de las especies son indicadoras de buen estado de conservación de los bosques.
Mamíferos del departamento del Atlántico, Colombia
Authors: Avendaño-Maldonado Luis José , Camargo-Alarcón Miguel Ángel , Borja-Acuña Rafael , Chacó-Pacheco Julio J. 
Published: July 2021

Presentamos el primer listado taxonómico de los mamíferos silvestres del departamento del Atlántico, en la costa Caribe de Colombia. Registramos 92 especies, distribuidas en 11 órdenes, 37 familias y 74 géneros, lo cual representa el 16.5 % de la mastofauna documentada para Colombia. Encontramos tres especies endémicas de Colombia, Cebus versicolor, Saguinus oedipus y Pattonomys semivillosus, 10 especies en alguna categoría nacional de amenaza, 13 especies en alguna catrgoría global y cuatro categorizadas como Datos Insuficientes. La riqueza de mamíferos es baja, comparada con la de otros departamentos del país, pero podría estar subestimada, debido al bajo esfuerzo de muestreo y la falta de exploración en diversas áreas del departamento.
Disseminated Double-Hit Lymphoma in a Young Adult
Authors: Damian Karen , Cancio Jonathan Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and-or BCL6 rearrangements, also called double-hit lymphoma, is an aggressive mature B-cell lymphoma that carries both MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations. This can present as a diagnostic challenge since clinical characteristics, morphology and immunophenotype are not accurate indicators of underlying genetic aberrations in this type of lymphoma. We report a case of a 25-year-old male who presented with a one-year history of cough, gradually increasing abdominal girth and jaundice. Definitive diagnosis was made post-mortem with additional ancillary studies using immunohistochemistry staining and fluorescent in-situ hybridization studies.
Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression and its Association with Clinicopathologic Profile in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Philippine Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Sta. Ines Flora Mae , Andal Jose Jasper , Santiago Rex Michael , Sandoval Symonette , Ang Daphne 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The current management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes the characterization of Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression for potential immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. There is currently no available data regarding the patterns of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC, as well as their association with clinicopathologic profile in Filipino patients.
Methodology. Clinicopathologic characteristics of 187 consecutive NSCLC clinical samples with PD-L1 testing using the clone 22C3 pharmaDx kit were collected. The presence of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC) and stromal TILs were evaluated.
Results. Of the 187 cases, there were 112 males and 75 females. The mean age at diagnosis was 66.4 years old (32-92 years old). It is composed of 131 cases of Adenocarcinoma, 15 Squamous cell carcinoma, 4 Adenosquamous carcinoma, 32 Non-small cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, 3 poorly differentiated malignancy, 1 Large cell carcinoma, and 1 Mucinous carcinoma. Specimen types included 17 pleural fluid cell blocks, 60 tumor cell block samples, and 110 tissue biopsies. Tumor cell PD-L1 expression was identified in 59.1% of the 110 tissue biopsies. PD-L1 TPS for histologic specimens are as follows: TPS >50%, TPS 1-49%, and TPS <1% were observed in 23.6%, 35.5%, and 40.9% in our lung cancer cohort, respectively. Of the 77 cytology specimens, 50.6% presented with TC PD-L1 expression. TPS for this subgroup include: 49.4% with no PD-L1 expression, 35.1% with low PD-L1 expression, and 15.6% showing high PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression on TC did not correlate with age, sex, or histology for both specimen type subgroups. Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were noted in 74.5% of tissue biopsies. Tumor cell block samples did not demonstrate stromal TILs. For tissue biopsies, female gender and TPS 1-49% were more likely to have <50% PD-L1 expression on TILs.
Conclusion. Overall TC PD-L1 expression was observed in more than half (55.6%) of NSCLC patients in our cohort. The prognostic value of PD-L1 and clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in the Filipino population needs to be further investigated.
Multi-level authentication protocol for enabling secure communication in IoT
Authors: Singh Khushal , Singh Nanhay 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is the domain of interest for the researchers at the present with the exponential growth in technology. Security in IoT is a prime factor, which highlights the need for authentication to tackle various attackers and hackers. Authentication is the process that uniquely identifies the incoming user and this paper develops an authentication protocol based on the chebyshev polynomial, hashing function, session password, and Encryption. The proposed authentication protocol is named as, proposed Elliptic, chebyshev, Session password, and Hash function (ECSH)-based multilevel authentication. For authenticating the incoming user, there are two phases, registration and authentication. In the registration phase, the user is registered with the server and Authentication center (AC), and the authentication follows, which is an eight-step criterion. The authentication is duly based on the scale factor of the user and server, session password, and verification messages. The authentication at the eight levels assures the security against various types of attacks and renders secure communication in IoT with minimal communication overhead and packet-loss. The performance of the method is analyzed using black-hole and Denial-of-service (DOS) attacks with 50 and 100 nodes in the simulation environment. The proposed ECSH-based multilevel authentication acquired the maximal detection rate, PDR, and QOS of 15.2%, 35.7895%, and 26.4623%, respectively in the presence of 50 nodes and DOS attacks, whereas the minimal delay of 135.922 ms is acquired in the presence of 100 nodes and DOS attacks.
Rapid Adaptive Evolution of Ophraella Communa in New Low Temperature Environment
Authors: Tian Zhenqi , Chen Guangmei , Zhang Yan , Ma Chao , Tian Zhenya , Gao Xuyuan , Chen Hongsong , Guo Jianying , Zhou Zhongshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Low winter temperatures are a severe environmental pressure for newly arriving insect species. Adaptive evolutionary changes in cold tolerance facilitate establishment of these species in new environments. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a noxious invasive plant, is distributed from southern to northern China. As an effective biological control agent of A. artemisiifolia, Ophraella communa is mainly spread in southern China. Previously, O. communa successfully established stable populations in Beijing (39.98°N, 115.97°E) following introduction from Laibin (23.62°N, 109.37°E) in 2012. This means that O. communa has adapted the cold winter temperatures in Beijing. However, the mechanisms underlying its rapid evolution of cold tolerance remain unknown. We investigated the levels of cryoprotectants and energy reserves in adult O. communa from two latitudes. We found that higher levels of trehalose, proline, glycerol, total sugar, and lipid were accumulated in O. communa from high latitudes. We also identified five potential genes (Tret1a, Tret1b, Tret1-2, P5CS, and GST) responsible for regulating cold tolerance that were highly expressed in high latitudes. These genes were involved in trehalose transport, proline biosynthesis, and glutathione S-transferase activation. These changes in hybridization indicated facilitating adaptation to cold temperatures. Our results demonstrate the genetic basis underlying the rapid adaptation of cold tolerance in O. communa, which indicates its extension in regions of A. artemisiifolia distribution at higher latitudes. This implies that the specialist herbivores can often adapt to a new low temperature environment where their host plant exist by rapid genetic evolution.
Deep Learning Neural Network for CAP Modulation in Visible Light Communication System
Authors: V Prakash , Manimegalai C.T. , Kalimuthu K. , Gauni Sabitha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Visible light is considered one of the foremost exciting areas of communication science and industry, gaining prominence over data broadcast and radiance instantaneously using low-cost light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Though, the high speed characteristics of this network are restricted by the truncated bandwidth of the LED. Therefore, amazing efficient, advanced modulation and demodulation schemes are considered for establishing high data rates in VLC. Carrierless amplitude-phase (CAP) modulation is such an attractive and effective modulation that it is gaining a good position due to its high efficiency and practical implementation. But multi-path scattering factors, noise factors, vigorous jamming and low sensitivity can have a significant impact on the performance of CAP-VLC systems. To overcome this problem, this paper examines the implementation of the CAP-VLC system based on the High Speed Feed Forward Neural Network, which operates on the principle of Extreme Learning Machines. The experiment was carried out by new simulated datasets used to train cap demodulators and parameters such as accuracy, retrieval, accurate bit error ratio (BER), noise ratio (SNR). Also the proposed learning based CAP-VLC systems has shown better performance such as 92.4% accuracy at various conditions, increase in BER by 40% and 50% of reduction of noise respectively.
A photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional imaging of hemoglobin and core temperature
Authors: Gao Xiaoxiang , Chen Xiangjun , Hu Hongjie , Wang Xinyu , Mu Jing , Lou Zhiyuan , Zhang Ruiqi , Shi Keren , Yue Wentong , Chen Xue , Lin Muyang , Qi Baiyan , Zhou Sai , Lu Chengchangfeng , Gu Yue , Ding Hong , Zhu Yangzhi , Huang Hao , Ma Yuxiang , Li Mohan , Mishra Aditya , Xu Sheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Electronic patches, based on various mechanisms, allow continuous and noninvasive monitoring of biomolecules on the skin surface. However, to date, such devices have been unable to sense biomolecules in deep tissues, which have a stronger and faster correlation with the human physiological status. Here, we demonstrate a photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional (3D) mapping of hemoglobin in deep tissues. This photoacoustic patch integrates an array of ultrasonic transducers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes on a common soft substrate. The high-power VCSEL diodes can generate laser pulses that penetrate >2 cm into human tissues and activate hemoglobin molecules to generate acoustic waves, which can be collected by the transducers for 3D imaging of the hemoglobin with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution. Additionally, the photoacoustic signal amplitude and temperature have a linear relationship, which allows 3D mapping of core temperatures with high accuracy and fast response. The results of 3D core temperature mapping and long-term monitoring in ex-vivo and in-vivo studies are validated by commercial devices. With access to biomolecules in deep tissues, this technology adds unprecedented functions to wearable electronics and thus holds significant implications for various applications in both basic research and clinical practice.
Energy-Efficient Cluster in Wireless Sensor Network Using Life Time Delay Clustering Algorithms
Authors: V Kumar , Jayapandian N , Balasubramanie P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) formation, industrial and academic communities have seen remarkable development in recent decades. One of the most common techniques to derive the best out of wireless sensor networks is to upgrade the operating group. The most important problem is the arrangement of optimal number of sensor nodes as clusters to discuss clustering method. In this method, new client nodes and dynamic methods are used to determine the optimal number of clusters and cluster heads which are to be better organized and proposed to classify each round. Parameters of effective energy use and the ability to decide the best method of attachments are included. The Problem coverage find changeability network route due to which traffic and delays keep the performance to be very high. A newer version of Gravity Analysis Algorithm (GAA) is used to solve this problem. This proposed new approach GAA is introduced to improve network lifetime, increase system energy efficiency and end delay performance. Simulation results show that modified GAA performance is better than other networks and it has more advanced Life Time Delay Clustering Algorithms-LTDCA protocols. The proposed method provides a set of data collection and increased throughput in wireless sensor networks.
Administration of Microencapsulated Enterococcus Faecium ABRIINW.N7 With Fructo- Oligosaccharides and Fenugreeko the Mortality of Tilapia Challenged with Streptococcus Agalactiae
Authors: Nami Yousef , Kahieshesfandiari Mahdi , Lornezhad Gilda , Kiani Amir , Jaymand Mehdi , Haghshenas Babak 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of study was to examine the probiotic potential of a microencapsulated E. faecium ABRIINW.N7 in the control of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in hybrid (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus) red tilapia. A two-phase experiment approach was completed in which E. faecium bacteria were propagated, from which a culture was isolated, identified using molecular techniques, and microencapsulated to produce a stable commercial fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and fenugreek (Fk) product of optimal concentration. This FOS and Fk product was assessed in a 12-week in vivo challenge study completed, in which red hybrid tilapia were allocated to one of five treatments: No Streptococcus agalactiae (Sa) challenge (G01) (CON); Sa challenge only (G02) (CON+); Sa challenge in a free cell (Free Cell) G03; Sa challenge with 2% (w/v) Alginate (G04); Microencapsulated FOS and Fk (G05-G011). In vitro results showed a high encapsulation efficiency and acceptable viability of probiotic bacteria within the simulated fish digestive system and high stability of viable cells in all gel formulations. In vivo challenges demonstrated that the G05-G011 FOS and Fk product could be used to control tilapia fish infected with S. agalactiae and represented a novel investigation using microencapsulation E. faecium as a probiotic diet tilapia fish to control S. agalactiae and lower fish mortality. It is recommended that local herbal gums such as PG and Fk in combination with ALG can be used as a suitable scaffold and an ideal matrix for the encapsulation of probiotics. These herbal gums as prebiotic also promote the growth of probiotic cells in the food environment and digestive tract.
Multiple perspectives integration for virtual reality-aided assemblability assessment in complex virtual assembly environment
Authors: Wang Yu , Hu Ziran , Li Pengyu , Yao Shouwen , Liu Hui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) has been proved as a promising tool for industrial design, but the traditional VR interface of first-person perspective (1PP) is not useful enough to support assemblability assessment in complex virtual assembly environments. In this paper, we proposed the multi-perspectives interface (MPI) which integrates the 1PP and the third-person perspective (3PP) using handheld World-in-Miniature (WIM). The MPI allows users to simulate the assembly operations in a natural manner similar to 1PP, while providing users with an overview of the assembly status through the WIM to assess the assemblability with superior spatial awareness. Two studies were included in this paper. The first study tested MPI in a general interaction task, which reveals stronger spatial awareness in MPI than in 1PP without the cost of losing natural interaction. The second study tested the performance, usability, and workload of MPI in an assemblability assessment task. The results show the advantages of MPI in the reachability evaluation. The contribution of this paper is exploring a novel interface for VR-aided assembly design and evaluation system.
Pathogen Change of Avian Influenza Virus in the Live Poultry Market Before and After Vaccination of Poultry in Southern China
Authors: Guo Jin , Song Wentao , Ni Xiansheng , Liu Wei , Wu Jingwen , Xia Wen , Zhou Xianfeng , Wang Wei , He Fenglan , Wang Xi , Fan Guoyin , Zhou Kun , Chen Haiying , Chen Shengen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe fifth wave of H7N9 avian influenza virus caused a large number of human infections and a large number of poultry deaths in China. Since September 2017, mainland China has begun to vaccinate poultry with H5+H7 avian influenza vaccine. We investigated the avian influenza virus infections in different types of live poultry markets and samples before and after genotype H5+H7 vaccination in Nanchang, and analyzed the changes of the HA subtypes of AIVs. MethodsFrom 2016 to 2019, we monitored different live poultry markets and collected specimens, using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology to detect the nucleic acid of type A avian influenza virus in the samples. The H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of influenza viruses were further classified for the positive results. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences in the separation rates of different avian influenza subtypes. ResultsWe analyzed 5,196 samples collected before and after vaccination and found that the infection rate of AIV in wholesale market (21.73%) was lower than that in retail market (24.74%) (P < 0.05). Among all the samples, the positive rate of sewage samples (33.90%) was the highest (P<0.001). After vaccination, the positive rate of H5 and H7 subtypes decreased, and the positive rate of H9 subtype and untypable HA type increased significantly (P<0.001). The positive rates of H9 subtype in different types of LPMs and different types of samples increased significantly (P<0.01), and the positive rates of untypable HA type increased significantly in all environmental samples (P<0.05). ConclusionsSince vaccination, the positive rates of H5 and H7 subtypes have decreased, but the positive rates of H9 subtypes have increased to varying degrees in different testing locations and all samples. This results show that the government should establish more complete measures to achieve long-term control of the avian influenza virus.
Training Types Associated With Knowledge and Experience in Public Health Workers
Authors: Narita Zui , Yamanouchi Kazuo , Mishima Kazuo , Kamio Yoko , Ayabe Naoko , Kakei Ryoko , Kim Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTraining non-specialist workers in mental healthcare improves knowledge, attitude, skills, confidence, and clinical practice. However, still little information is available on which type of mental health training is specifically associated with the improvement of these capacities. MethodsWe studied web-based survey data of 495 public health workers to examine training types associated with knowledge and experience to support individuals with mental illness. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between a lack of knowledge and experience (outcome) and mental health training (exposure). We fitted three regression models. Model 1 evaluated unadjusted associations. Model 2 adjusted for age and sex. Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, years of experience, mental health full-time worker status, and community population.ResultsFor all training types, the association between a lack of knowledge and experience and mental health training attenuated as the model developed. In Model 3, a lack of knowledge and experience was significantly associated with training in specific illness and screening and assessment (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33-0.90: and OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40-0.97, respectively). Non-significant results were produced for training in counseling, psychosocial support, collaborative work, and law and regulation in Model 3.Conclusions﻿We believe that the present study provides meaningful information that training in specific illness and screening and assessment may lead to knowledge and experience of public health workers. Further studies should employ a longitudinal design.