bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between author conflicts of interest and industry‐sponsorship with the favorability of outcomes of systematic reviews focusing on treatments of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Corcoran Adam , Hillman Cody , Cole Tanner , Anderson Michael , Weaver Michael , Johnson Bradley S. , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAuthors’ conflicts of interest and industry sponsorship have been shown to influence study outcomes.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether author conflicts of interest and industry sponsorship influenced the nature of results and conclusions of systematic reviews focusing on treatment interventions for erectile dysfunction.Materials and methodsWe searched PubMed and Embase for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses focusing on erectile dysfunction treatments published between September 1, 2016, and June 2, 2020. Authors’ conflicts of interest were collected from the systematic reviews’ disclosure statements. These disclosures were verified using the information provided by the Open Payments, Dollars for Profs, Google Patents, and US Patent and Trademark Office databases and from previously published disclosure statements.ResultsOur study included 24 systematic reviews authored by 138 authors. Nineteen authors (13.8%) were found to have conflicts of interest (disclosed, undisclosed, or both). No authors completely disclosed all conflicts. Nine reviews (37.5%) contained at least one author with conflicts of interest; of which eight reported narrative results favoring the treatment group, and seven reported conclusions favoring the treatment group. Of the 15 (62.5%) reviews without a conflicted author, 11 reported results favoring the treatment group, and 12 reported conclusions favoring the treatment group.DiscussionThe results and conclusions of systematic reviews for erectile dysfunction treatments did not appear to be influenced by authors who reported conflicts of interest. However, our search algorithm relied on the US‐based Open Payments database and a large percentage of reviews in our study were produced by authors with international affiliations. Our study results underscore the difficulties in conducting such analyses.ConclusionAlthough we found that undisclosed conflicts of interest (COI) were problematic among systematic reviews of erectile dysfunction treatment, only 14% of authors in our sample possessed them and these COI did not appear to influence the favorability of systematic review outcomes.
Combined and stand‐alone XEN 45 gel stent implantation: 3‐year outcomes and success predictors
Authors: Gillmann Kevin , Bravetti Giorgio Enrico , Rao Harsha L. , Mermoud André , Mansouri Kaweh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the 3‐year treatment outcomes of XEN 45 gel stent in open‐angle glaucoma patients.MethodsIn this prospective, single‐centre interventional study, consecutive eyes with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) or signs of disease progression despite medical treatment underwent XEN implantation either alone or combined with phacoemulsification (Phaco + XEN).Main outcome measuresSurgical success was defined as 'complete' when 36‐month unmedicated IOP was ≤15 mmHg with a relative IOP reduction ≥ 20% from medicated baseline, while the definition of qualified success allowed no more medications than at baseline. Other definitions of success with different IOP thresholds were also analysed. Secondary outcomes included mean IOP reduction, changes in ocular hypotensive medications and rates of reoperations.ResultsOut of 149 eyes initially included, 92 eyes (61.7%) of 68 patients had complete 3‐year data (XEN: n = 26; Phaco + XEN: n = 66) after 38.2% were lost to follow‐up. Mean age was 76.3 ± 9.1 years, and 66.2% were female. Mean medicated IOP decreased from 20.8 ± 7.4 mmHg (21.0 ± 7.4 [XEN] vs. 20.0 ± 6.9 mmHg [Phaco + XEN]) at baseline to 13.1 ± 3.4 mmHg (12.9 ± 2.9 [XEN] vs. 12.9 ± 3.4 [Phaco + XEN]) at 3 years (−37.0%; p < 0.001). Medications decreased from 1.9 ± 1.3 (2.4 ± 1.5 [XEN] vs. 1.9 ± 1.2 [Phaco + XEN]) to 0.4 ± 0.9 (0.3 ± 0.8 [XEN] vs. 0.5 ± 0.9 [Phaco + XEN]) (−78.9%; p < 0.001). Complete success and qualified success were achieved in 29.0% and 31.0% of eyes, respectively. Needling revision was performed in 51 eyes (55.4%), and 26.1% underwent reoperations. Risk factors for surgical failure included male gender (odds ratio [OR]:3.6; p = 0.03), diagnosis of POAG (OR: 4.5; p < 0.01) and undergoing needling revision (OR: 4.6; p < 0.01). While the type of procedure had no effect on the outcomes of PEXG, POAG eyes undergoing combined surgery had significantly higher rates of failure (OR: 7.29; p = 0.023). Most patients stable at 12‐month remained so through to 3 years.ConclusionsAt 3 years, XEN gel stent implantation achieved clinically significant IOP and medication reduction despite relatively high rates of needling and reoperations. Identifying patients at risk preoperatively may help optimize surgical outcomes.
Human corneal endothelial cells from older donors can be cultured and passaged on cell‐derived extracellular matrix
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Ramos Tiago , O’Sullivan Finbarr , Meleady Paula , Ferrari Stefano , Ponzin Diego , Ahmad Sajjad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of culturing human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) from older donors on extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from human corneal endothelial cell line (HCEC‐12).MethodsHCEC‐12 cells were cultured on lab‐tek chamber slides for 9 days. Upon confluence, the cells were ruptured using ammonium hydroxide leaving the released ECM on the slide surface which was visualized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). HCEnCs from old aged donor tissues (n = 40) were isolated and cultured on either fibronectin‐collagen (FNC) or HCEC‐12 ECM at passage (P) 0. At subsequent passages (P1 and P2), cells were sub‐cultured on FNC and ECM separately. Live/dead analysis and tight junction using ZO‐1 staining were used to record percentage viability and morphological changes. The protein composition of HCEC‐12 ECM was then analysed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsSEM images showed long fibrillar‐like structures and a fully laid ECM upon confluence. HCEnCs cultured from older donor tissues on this ECM showed significantly better proliferation and morphometric characteristics at subsequent passages. Out of 1307 proteins found from the HCEC‐12 derived ECM, 93 proteins were evaluated to be matrix oriented out of which 20 proteins were exclusively found to be corneal endothelial specific.ConclusionsECM derived from HCEC‐12 retains protein and growth factors that stimulate the growth of HCEnCs. As the current clinical trials are from younger donors that are not available routinely for cell culture, HCEnCs from older donors can be cultured on whole ECM and passaged successfully.
The importance of donor characteristics, post‐mortem time and preservation time for use and efficacy of donated corneas for posterior lamellar keratoplasty
Authors: Shehab Anders , Gram Niels , Ivarsen Anders , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to examine whether donor age, death‐to‐retrieval time (DRT) and death‐to‐preservation time (DPT) as well as total preservation time affect donor cornea suitability for endothelial keratoplasty (EK) or penetrating keratoplasty (PK).MethodsA registry‐based study was performed identifying 3248 corneas donated between 2011 and 2017. Data regarding donated corneas were extracted from The Danish Cornea Bank and donor medical records and evaluated for missing information. The primary outcome was whether ECD at preservation (ECD‐P) or at release (ECD‐R) was >2000 cells/mm2.ResultsLogistic regression for ECD‐P showed a significant negative effect of increasing age (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.05;1.08, p < 0.001) on donor suitability. Higher ECD‐P had a significant positive effect on graft eligibility (OR: 1.007 95%CI: 1.003;1.010, p < 0.001).No significant effect of donor sex (p = 0.547), DRT (p = 0.289) or DPT (p = 0.102) on donor suitability for EK or PK (Chi‐squared test).ConclusionHigh donor age and low ECD‐P negatively affect the suitability of donor corneas for EK/PK whereas DRT and DPT did not affect graft suitability.
When ‘uncertainty’ becomes ‘unknown’: Influences of economic uncertainty on the shadow economy
Authors: Nguyen Canh Phuc , Su Thanh Dinh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe literature has documented the negative impacts of economic uncertainty on output, investment and employment; however, no current study considers the influence of economic uncertainty on the informal sectors. This study investigates the effects of both the level and volatility of economic uncertainty on the shadow economy, through a global sample. Various econometrical techniques and estimation strategies are applied to panel data of 116 countries from 2002 to 2015, and show three interesting findings. First, increases in both the level and volatility of economic uncertainty are found to increase the size of the shadow economy. These effects are documented consistently over the long‐term. Second, the impact of volatility is dominant over the impact of the level of economic uncertainty in increasing the size of the shadow economy. Third, the effects of economic uncertainty in increasing the size of the shadow economy are strong in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income economies, but less so in upper‐middle‐income economies, particularly in high‐income economies.
Production, chemical composition, and fatty acid profile of milk from buffaloes fed with cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) cake and murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) cake in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: e Silva André Guimarães Maciel , de Lima Suely Cristina Gomes , de Oliveira Pedro Danilo , Moraes Michel dos Santos , Guimarães Célia Maria Costa , da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues , Garcia Alexandre Rossetto , Nahúm Benjamim de Souza , Neres Lilaine de Sousa , Noronha Gerlane Nunes , Lourenço Júnior José de Brito 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation using by‐products of the Amazonian industry on milk production, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of dairy buffaloes. Twelve lactating buffaloes (544.5 ± 35.6 kg, 6.4 ± 2.2 years old, 59 ± 6 days in milk) were allotted in a pasture of Mombaça grass and managed under rotational grazing (4 days occupancy/28 days rest). A 3 × 3 Latin square was adopted, and each animal alternately received three supplementary treatments based on corn bran + soybean meal or cupuaçu cake or murumuru cake for 21 days per treatment. Murumuru cake increased the levels of lauric acid and myristic acid in the milk (p < 0.05). Murumuru cake reduced the unsaturated fatty acid contents in the milk compared with animals fed control diet or cupuaçu cake (24.27% vs. 25.24% vs. 25.08%). The n‐6/n‐3 ratio was 2.6, 1.97, and 2.0 in the control, cupuaçu, and murumuru groups, respectively. Based on this parameter, cakes made from cupuaçu as well as murumuru could be considered to be adequate for inclusion in dairy water buffalo feed. However, the murumuru cake addition requires some caution because its use induces the secretion of higher levels of lauric and myristic fatty acids that are related to human cardiovascular disease.
Potential protective effects of thiamine supplementation on the ruminal epithelium damage during subacute ruminal acidosis
Authors: Ma Jian , Shah Ali Mujtaba , Wang Zhisheng , Fan Xue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn ruminants, the ruminal epithelium not only has the function of absorbing nutrients but also is an important tissue to prevent harmful substances in the rumen from entering the blood circulation. Thus, the normal function of ruminal epithelium is critical for ruminants. However, subacute ruminal acidosis induced by high‐concentrate diets often damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelium in ruminants. Recently, many studies have shown that dietary supplementation with thiamine is an effective method to alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis. In order to provide theoretical reference for the in‐depth study of subacute ruminal acidosis and the application of thiamine in the future, this review introduces the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on morphological structure, inflammatory response, and tight junction of ruminal epithelium. In addition, this paper summarizes the role of thiamine in maintaining ruminal epithelial function of ruminants during subacute ruminal acidosis challenge.
Are fragments fruitful? A comparison of plant–seed disperser communities between fragments and contiguous forest in north‐east India
Authors: Jain Abir , Page Navendu V. , Rawat Gopal S. , Naniwadekar Rohit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlant–seed disperser interactions are critical for maintaining tropical plant diversity. However, these interactions are altered by habitat fragmentation, a pervasive threat to the tropics globally. We compared vegetation structure, richness and composition of plant–avian seed disperser interactions across two forest fragments (area: ~25 km2), and one contiguous forest site in the last remaining lowland tropical forests in north‐east India. We used network‐level indices (nestedness, generality, and vulnerability) and species‐level indices (degree and species strength) to identify key plant and bird groups across the three sites. We found that the three sites varied in habitat structure and were more similar in the composition of avian seed dispersers than plants. The low similarity in plant‐seed disperser interactions between the three sites was likely influenced by low similarity in fruiting plants. The fragmented sites exhibited fewer pairwise interactions and were characterized by a higher representation of small‐seeded plants, climbers, and open‐forest birds. Small‐bodied birds (bulbuls and barbets) played a central role in all the seed dispersal networks, while large‐bodied birds (hornbills) performed persistent interactions with large‐seeded plants at all sites. This is one of the first studies from the Asian tropics to investigate the differences in the plant–avian seed disperser communities between forest fragments and contiguous forest. Our findings highlight the conservation value of fragments given their potential to hold a distinct set of plant–seed disperser interactions, thereby maintaining functional diversity in fragmented tropical landscapes.Abstract in Hindi is available with online material.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on complications of transanal total mesorectal excision
Authors: An Yongbo , Roodbeen Sapho X. , Talboom Kevin , Tanis Pieter J. , Bemelman Willem A. , Hompes Roel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTransanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is a surgical approach for treating mid to low rectal cancer as well as other colorectal diseases. Since the procedure is difficult to master, perioperative complications of TaTME should be examined precisely, especially during the early implementation phase of this procedure. The primary aim of this review was to determine a pooled morbidity and anastomotic leakage (AL) rate after TaTME surgery, and the secondary aim was to show the completeness of reporting of complications among the included studies, as well as the correlation between completeness and reported incidence of complications.MethodA systematic review of literature was conducted using Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases, searching for observational studies reporting on complications after TaTME. Studies published between 1 January 2010 and 15 October 2019 were included. Meta‐analysis on the proportion of morbidity, AL and intraoperative complications was performed.ResultsForty‐one studies (2446 TaTME cases), consisting of 27 noncomparative studies and 14 comparative studies, were included, after screening 1711 possible studies. The pooled rates of overall morbidity and AL were 30.0% (95% CI 26.4%–34.0%) and 6.8% (95% CI 5.2%–8.9%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the morbidity rate in studies that reported 30‐day results (35.5%; 95% CI 31.8%–39.4%) was significantly higher than the rate in studies that did not define the follow‐up length for complications (23.4%; 95% CI 17.8%–30.1%; p = 0.003). The rates of intraoperative urethral injury, rectal injury, vaginal injury and bladder injury were 0.3% (95% CI 0.1%–1.7%), 0.4% (95% CI 0.1%–2.2%), 0.3% (95% CI 0.1%–0.8%) and 0.3% (95% CI 0.1%–1.7%), respectively.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis shows that pooled perioperative complication rates were within acceptable ranges. However, the significant difference in overall morbidity rate between the studies with 30‐day results and the studies without a specified follow‐up time, indicates a large under‐reporting of complications in many studies.
Increased long‐term mortality after open colorectal cancer surgery: A multicentre population‐based study
Authors: Fahim Milad , Dijksman Lea M. , Burghgraef Thijs A. , van der Nat Paul B. , Derksen Wouter J. M. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Pultrum Bareld B. , Consten Esther C. J. , Biesma Douwe H. , Smits Anke B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimUnlike meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials, population‐based studies in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have shown a significant association between open surgery and increased 30‐ and 90‐day mortality compared with laparoscopic surgery. Long‐term mortality, however, is scarcely reported. This retrospective population‐based study aimed to compare long‐term mortality after open and laparoscopic surgery for CRC.MethodThe Dutch Colorectal Audit and the Dutch Cancer Centre registry were used to identify patients from three large nonacademic teaching hospitals who underwent curative resection for CRC between 2009 and 2018. Patients with relative contraindications for laparoscopic surgery (cT4 or pT4 tumours, distant metastasis requiring additional resection and emergency surgery) were excluded. Multivariable regression was used to assess the effect of laparoscopic surgery on long‐term mortality with adjustment for gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, TNM stage, chemoradiation therapy and other confounders.ResultsWe included 4531 patients, of whom 1298 (29%) underwent open surgery. The median follow‐up was 43 months (interquartile range 23–71 months). Open surgery was associated with an increased risk of long‐term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.45, p = 0.001). Mixed‐effects Cox regression with year of surgery as a random effect also showed an increased risk after open surgery (adjusted hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.52, p = 0.004).ConclusionOpen surgery seems to be associated with increased long‐term mortality in the elective setting for CRC patients. A minimally invasive approach might improve long‐term outcomes.
Using phylogenetics to explore interspecies genetic rescue options for a critically endangered parrot
Authors: Hogg Carolyn J. , Morrison Caitlin , Dudley Jessica S. , Alquezar‐Planas David E. , Beasley‐Hall Perry G. , Magrath Michael J. L. , Ho Simon Y. W. , Lo Nathan , Johnson Rebecca N. , Grueber Catherine E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the global biodiversity crisis deepens, with increasing habitat fragmentation and a changing climate, innovative options for conserving species are being explored. One such conservation action is genetic rescue: introduction of new alleles to promote population fitness. However, for critically endangered species where only one viable population remains, options for introducing new alleles are limited. Interspecies hybridization offers a potential solution but requires resolution of evolutionary relationships, a sound understanding of species biology, social license, and permissive legislative frameworks. Here, we show how phylogenetics and species biology can inform genetic rescue options for the orange‐bellied parrot (OBP;Neophema chrysogaster), a critically endangered Australian bird with one small remaining wild population. Our phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomes and nuclear loci for all congeneric species provided strong support for OBPs being the sister species to a group comprising elegant, rock, and blue‐winged parrots. Accounting for species distribution, behavior, and ecology, a captive trial of interspecific hybridization with the blue‐winged parrot is recommended, including assessment of the fitness of hybrid individuals. Introduction of new alleles into the OBP genome would achieve the conservation goal of improving genetic diversity in a critically endangered species. Concurrently, legislative issues will need to be resolved.
NSAID prescriptions in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Jeong Rachel , Lentine Krista L. , Quinn Robert R. , Ravani Pietro , Wiebe Natasha , Davison Sara N. , Barr Bryce , Lam Ngan N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend that non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) be avoided in kidney transplant recipients due to potential nephrotoxicity. It is unclear whether physicians are following these recommendations.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult kidney transplant recipients from 2008 to 2017 in Alberta, Canada. We determined the frequency and prescriber of NSAID prescriptions, the proportion with serum creatinine and potassium testing post‐fill, and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI, serum creatinine increase of 50% or 26.5 μmol/L from baseline) and hyperkalemia (potassium 5.5 mmol/L) within 14 and 30 days.ResultsOf the 1730 kidney transplant recipients, 189 (11%) had at least one NSAID prescription over a median follow‐up of 5 years (IQR 2–9) (280 unique prescriptions). The majority were prescribed by family physicians (67%). Approximately 25% and 50% of prescriptions had serum creatinine and potassium testing within 14 and 30 days, respectively. Of those with lab measurements within 14 days, 13% of prescriptions were associated with AKI and 5% had hyperkalemia.ConclusionsContrary to guidelines, one in 10 kidney transplant recipients are prescribed an NSAID, and most do not get follow‐up testing of graft function and hyperkalemia. These findings call for improved education of patients and primary care providers.
Blood transfusion of the donor is associated with stage 3 primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation
Authors: Elmaleh Yoann , De Tymowski Christian , Zappella Nathalie , Jean‐Baptiste Sylvain , Tran‐Dinh Alexy , Tanaka Sébastien , Yung Sonia , Lortat‐Jacob Brice , Mal Hervé , Castier Yves , Atchade Enora , Montravers Philippe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe first aim of this study was to assess the association between stage 3 PGD and pre‐donation blood transfusion of the donor. The secondary objectives were to assess the epidemiology of donor transfusion and the outcome of LT recipients according to donor transfusion status and massive donor transfusion status.MethodsThis was an observational, prospective, single‐center study. The results are expressed as absolute numbers, percentages, medians, and interquartile ranges. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi squared, Fischer's exact tests, and Mann‐Whitney U tests (P < .05 was considered significant). A multivariate analysis was performed.ResultsBetween January 2016 and February 2019, 147 patients were included in the analysis. PGD was observed in 79 (54%) patients, 45 (31%) of whom had stage 3 PGD. Pre‐donation blood transfusion was administered in 48 (33%) donors (median of 3[1–9] packed red cells (PRCs)). On multivariate analysis, stage 3 PGD was significantly associated with donor blood transfusion (OR 2.69, IC (1.14–6.38), P = .024). Mortality at days 28 and 90 was not significantly different according to the pre‐donation transfusion status of the donor.ConclusionPre‐donation blood transfusion is associated with stage 3 PGD occurrence after LT. Transfusion data of the donor should be included in donor lung assessment.