bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimal Design of a Rolling-Flying Vehicle
Authors: Jenkins Tyler , Atay Stefan , Buckner Gregory , Bryant Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work describes a design optimization framework for a rolling-flying vehicle consisting of a conventional quadrotor configuration with passive wheels. For a baseline comparison, the optimization approach is also applied for a conventional (flight-only) quadrotor. Pareto-optimal vehicles with maximum range and minimum size are created using a hybrid multi-objective genetic algorithm in conjunction with multi-physics system models. A low Reynolds number blade element momentum theory aerodynamic model is used with a brushless DC motor model, a terramechanics model, and a vehicle dynamics model to simulate the vehicle range under any operating angle-of-attack and forward velocity. To understand the tradeoff between vehicle size and operating range, variations in Pareto-optimal designs are presented as functions of vehicle size. A sensitivity analysis is used to better understand the impact of deviating from the optimal vehicle design variables. This work builds on current approaches in quadrotor optimization by leveraging a variety of models and formulations from the literature and demonstrating the implementation of various design constraints. It also improves upon current ad hoc rolling-flying vehicle designs created in previous studies. Results show the importance of accounting for oft-neglected component constraints in the design of high-range quadrotor vehicles. The optimal vehicle mechanical configuration is shown to be independent of operating point, stressing the importance of a well-matched, optimized propulsion system. By emphasizing key constraints that affect the maximum and nominal vehicle operating points, an optimization framework is constructed that can be used for rolling-flying vehicles and conventional multi-rotors.
Linked electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort of more than 54 million people in England: data resource
Authors: Wood Angela , Denholm Rachel , Hollings Sam , Cooper Jennifer , Ip Samantha , Walker Venexia , Denaxas Spiros , Akbari Ashley , Banerjee Amitava , Whiteley William , Lai Alvina , Sterne Jonathan , Sudlow Cathie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To describe a novel England-wide electronic health record (EHR) resource enabling whole population research on covid-19 and cardiovascular disease while ensuring data security and privacy and maintaining public trust.

Design
Data resource comprising linked person level records from national healthcare settings for the English population, accessible within NHS Digital’s new trusted research environment.

Setting
EHRs from primary care, hospital episodes, death registry, covid-19 laboratory test results, and community dispensing data, with further enrichment planned from specialist intensive care, cardiovascular, and covid-19 vaccination data.

Participants
54.4 million people alive on 1 January 2020 and registered with an NHS general practitioner in England.

Main outcome measures
Confirmed and suspected covid-19 diagnoses, exemplar cardiovascular conditions (incident stroke or transient ischaemic attack and incident myocardial infarction) and all cause mortality between 1 January and 31 October 2020.

Results
The linked cohort includes more than 96% of the English population. By combining person level data across national healthcare settings, data on age, sex, and ethnicity are complete for around 95% of the population. Among 53.3 million people with no previous diagnosis of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, 98 721 had a first ever incident stroke or transient ischaemic attack between 1 January and 31 October 2020, of which 30% were recorded only in primary care and 4% only in death registry records. Among 53.2 million people with no previous diagnosis of myocardial infarction, 62 966 had an incident myocardial infarction during follow-up, of which 8% were recorded only in primary care and 12% only in death registry records. A total of 959 470 people had a confirmed or suspected covid-19 diagnosis (714 162 in primary care data, 126 349 in hospital admission records, 776 503 in covid-19 laboratory test data, and 50 504 in death registry records). Although 58% of these were recorded in both primary care and covid-19 laboratory test data, 15% and 18%, respectively, were recorded in only one.

Conclusions
This population-wide resource shows the importance of linking person level data across health settings to maximise completeness of key characteristics and to ascertain cardiovascular events and covid-19 diagnoses. Although this resource was initially established to support research on covid-19 and cardiovascular disease to benefit clinical care and public health and to inform healthcare policy, it can broaden further to enable a wide range of research.
Physiotherapist-led treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (the PhysioFIRST study): a protocol for a participant and assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kemp Joanne L , Johnston Richard T R , Coburn Sally L , Jones Denise M , Schache Anthony G , Mentiplay Benjamin F , King Matthew G , Scholes Mark J , De Oliveira Silva Danilo , Smith Anne , McPhail Steven M , Crossley Kay M 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThis double-blind, randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to estimate the effect of a physiotherapist-led intervention with targeted strengthening compared with a physiotherapist-led intervention with standardised stretching, on hip-related quality of life (QOL) or perceived improvement at 6 months in people with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. We hypothesise that at 6 months, targeted strengthening physiotherapist-led treatment will be associated with greater improvements in hip-related QOL or greater patient-perceived global improvement when compared with standardised stretching physiotherapist-led treatment.Methods and analysisWe will recruit 164 participants with FAI syndrome who will be randomised into one of the two intervention groups, both receiving one-on-one treatment with the physiotherapist over 6 months. The targeted strengthening physiotherapist-led treatment group will receive a personalised exercise therapy and education programme. The standardised stretching physiotherapist-led treatment group will receive standardised stretching and personalised education programme. Primary outcomes are change in hip-related QOL using International Hip Outcome Tool-33 and patient-perceived global improvement. Secondary outcomes include cost-effectiveness, muscle strength, range of motion, functional task performance, biomechanics, hip cartilage structure and physical activity levels. Statistical analyses will make comparisons between both treatment groups by intention to treat, with all randomised participants included in analyses, regardless of protocol adherence. Linear mixed models (with baseline value as a covariate and treatment condition as a fixed factor) will be used to evaluate the treatment effect and 95% CI at primary end-point (6 months).Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved (La Trobe University Human Ethics Committee (HEC17-080)) and prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. The findings of this RCT will be disseminated through peer reviewed scientific journals and conferences. Patients were involved in study development and will receive a short summary following the completion of the RCT.Trial registration numberACTRN12617001350314
Study protocol for randomised clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of side-lying sleep positioning to back-lying at reducing oxygen desaturation resulting from obstructive sleep apnoea in infants with cleft palate (SLUMBRS2)
Authors: Metryka Aleksandra , Cunniffe Claire , Evans Hazel J , Gavlak Johanna G , Hudson Nichola , Kirby Nigel , Lakhanpaul Monica , Lin Yin-Ling , Murray Clare , Rajai Azita , Robson Helen , Schilder Anne , Walsh Tanya , Bruce Iain 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe craniofacial abnormalities found in infants with cleft palate (CP) decrease their airway patency and increase their risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We hypothesise that optimising sleep position in infants with CP may improve airway patency and offer a ‘low-cost, high-impact’ intervention to prevent the negative impacts of OSA. Because cleft centres give inconsistent advice about sleep position: some recommend back-lying and others side-lying, we will compare these in a randomised controlled trial.Methods and analysisThe aim is to determine the clinical effectiveness of side-lying as compared with back-lying sleep positioning in terms of reducing oxygen desaturation resulting from OSA in 244 infants aged 3–5 weeks of age, diagnosed with an isolated CP in/by UK cleft centres. Primary outcome is the 4% Oxygen Desaturation Index measured using pulse oximetry during sleep.Research plan1. Multicentre randomised controlled trial of side-lying compared with back-lying sleep positioning in reducing oxygen desaturation resulting from OSA in infants with CP at one month of age. 2. Internal pilot questionnaire-based study to support parents and clinicians regarding study participation, seeking to identify and address any barriers to recruitment. Monitoring data from the internal pilot will be used in the final analysis. 3. Co-development of new UK recommendations with Cleft Lip and Palate Association (CLAPA) regarding sleep position for infants with CP.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has received the favourable opinion of the West Midlands-South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee. Study results will be published on affiliated webpages and in peer-reviewed publications and conference contributions.Trial registration numberNCT04478201.
Radiation dose and fraction in immunotherapy: one-size regimen does not fit all settings, so how does one choose?
Authors: Demaria Sandra , Guha Chandan , Schoenfeld Jonathan , Morris Zachary , Monjazeb Arta , Sikora Andrew , Crittenden Marka , Shiao Stephen , Khleif Samir , Gupta Seema , Formenti Silvia Chiara , Vikram Bhadrasain , Coleman C Norman , Ahmed Mansoor M 
Published: April 2021

Recent evidence indicates that ionizing radiation can enhance immune responses to tumors. Advances in radiation delivery techniques allow hypofractionated delivery of conformal radiotherapy. Hypofractionation or other modifications of standard fractionation may improve radiation’s ability to promote immune responses to tumors. Other novel delivery options may also affect immune responses, including T-cell activation and tumor-antigen presentation changes. However, there is limited understanding of the immunological impact of hypofractionated and unique multifractionated radiotherapy regimens, as these observations are relatively recent. Hence, these differences in radiotherapy fractionation result in distinct immune-modulatory effects. Radiation oncologists and immunologists convened a virtual consensus discussion to identify current deficiencies, challenges, pitfalls and critical gaps when combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy and making recommendations to the field and advise National Cancer Institute on new directions and initiatives that will help further development of these two fields.This commentary aims to raise the awareness of this complexity so that the need to study radiation dose, fractionation, type and volume is understood and valued by the immuno-oncology research community. Divergence of approaches and findings between preclinical studies and clinical trials highlights the need for evaluating the design of future clinical studies with particular emphasis on radiation dose and fractionation, immune biomarkers and selecting appropriate end points for combination radiation/immune modulator trials, recognizing that direct effect on the tumor and potential abscopal effect may well be different. Similarly, preclinical studies should be designed as much as possible to model the intended clinical setting. This article describes a conceptual framework for testing different radiation therapy regimens as separate models of how radiation itself functions as an immunomodulatory ‘drug’ to provide alternatives to the widely adopted ‘one-size-fits-all’ strategy of frequently used 8 Gy×3 regimens immunomodulation.
Practical computer vision application to detect hip fractures on pelvic X-rays: a bi-institutional study
Authors: Choi Jeff , Hui James Z , Spain David , Su Yi-Siang , Cheng Chi-Tung , Liao Chien-Hung 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPelvic X-ray (PXR) is a ubiquitous modality to diagnose hip fractures. However, not all healthcare settings employ round-the-clock radiologists and PXR sensitivity for diagnosing hip fracture may vary depending on digital display. We aimed to validate a computer vision algorithm to detect hip fractures across two institutions’ heterogeneous patient populations. We hypothesized a convolutional neural network algorithm can accurately diagnose hip fractures on PXR and a web application can facilitate its bedside adoption.MethodsThe development cohort comprised 4235 PXRs from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH). The validation cohort comprised 500 randomly sampled PXRs from CGMH and Stanford’s level I trauma centers. Xception was our convolutional neural network structure. We randomly applied image augmentation methods during training to account for image variations and used gradient-weighted class activation mapping to overlay heatmaps highlighting suspected fracture locations.ResultsOur hip fracture detection algorithm’s area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.98 and 0.97 for CGMH and Stanford’s validation cohorts, respectively. Besides negative predictive value (0.88 Stanford cohort), all performance metrics—sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, accuracy, and F1 score—were above 0.90 for both validation cohorts. Our web application allows users to upload PXR in multiple formats from desktops or mobile phones and displays probability of the image containing a hip fracture with heatmap localization of the suspected fracture location.DiscussionWe refined and validated a high-performing computer vision algorithm to detect hip fractures on PXR. A web application facilitates algorithm use at the bedside, but the benefit of using our algorithm to supplement decision-making is likely institution dependent. Further study is required to confirm clinical validity and assess clinical utility of our algorithm.Level of evidenceIII, Diagnostic tests or criteria.
Comparative study of hexanal dip and electrospun nanofiber mediated vapour treatments on enhancing the shelf life of pears
Authors: Ranjan Syndhiya , Paliyath Gopinadhan , Lim Loong-Tak , Subramanian Jayasankar 
Published: April 2021

Hexanal slows down the ripening process in fresh produce by inhibiting the activity of phospholipase D, thereby increasing shelf life. This study focused on comparing the single time exposure and continuous exposure of post-harvest Anjou and Bartlett pears to hexanal by dipping or fumigating them to enhance their shelf life. Continuous exposure of hexanal was achieved by developing a hexanal encapsulated fiber (HEF), which releases hexanal vapor due to the increased humidity (96 ± 2% RH) in the container headspace as a result of respiration. The fruits were stored in cold storage (0 ± 2 °C) as well as at normal room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) and their storage capacity was compared between the treatments. Fruit parameters such as physiological loss of weight (PLW), firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS) showed only minor differences between hexanal treated and untreated fruits. Between the two varieties, Anjou exhibited slightly higher values than Bartlett. However, when the fruits are visually evaluated, the main aspect of consumer preference, HEF-treated fruits had a better appeal in both varieties and in both conditions. Bartlett responded better than Anjou even in cold storage conditions, suggesting that there are varietal differences in their response to hexanal. Both hexanal treatments helped color retention and reduced fungal infection under the storage conditions tested.
Experimental investigations and aerodynamic shape optimization of small horizontal-axis wind turbine blades
Authors: Chaudhary Manoj Kumar , Prakash S. 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to optimize and investigate small horizontal-axis wind turbine blades at low wind speeds. The objective of this study is to explain the design method based on BEM theory for 0.2 m blade rotors with constant, variable, and linear chord with twisted blade geometry. MATLAB and Xfoil programs were used to apply BEM principles on wind turbines with SG6043 airfoil. Numerical and experimental studies were carried out to examine the impact of rotor solidity values from 0.057 to 0.207 and the number of blades from 3 to 7. The experimental blades were developed using a 3D printing additive manufacturing technique. The rotors were investigated in an open wind tunnel at wind speeds ranging from 2 to 8 m/s. The initial investigation range included tip speed ratios from 2 to 8 and angles of attacks from 2° to 20°. Subsequently, these parameters were varied in Matlab and Xfoil software to optimization and investigate the power coefficient, blade geometry, number of blades, and blade pitch angle. It was found that a rotor solidity of 0.055–0.085 displayed better performance.
Precision measurements of differential cross sections and analyzing powers in elastic deuteron-deuteron scattering at 65 MeV/nucleon
Authors: Ramazani-Sharifabadi R. , Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani A. , Amir-Ahmadi H. R. , Bailey C. D. , Deltuva A. , Eslami-Kalantari M. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kistryn St. , Kozela A. , Mahjour-Shafiei M. , Mardanpour H. , Messchendorp J. G. , Mohammadi-Dadkan M. , Stephan E. , Stephenson E. J. , Tavakoli-Zaniani H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present measurements of differential cross sections and analyzing powers for the elastic $$^{2}\mathrm{H}(\mathbf {d},d){d}$$

2

H

(
d
,
d
)

d

scattering process. The data were obtained using a 130 MeV polarized deuteron beam. Cross sections and spin observables of the elastic scattering process were measured at the AGOR facility at KVI using two independent setups, namely BINA and BBS. The data harvest at setups are in excellent agreement with each other and allowed us to carry out a thorough systematic analysis to provide the most accurate data in elastic deuteron-deuteron scattering at intermediate energies. The results can be used to confront upcoming state-of-the-art calculations in the four-nucleon scattering domain, and will, thereby, provide further insights in the dynamics of three- and four-nucleon forces in few-nucleon systems.
“Eu escrevo o quê, professor (a)?”: notas sobre os sentidos da classificação racial (auto e hetero) em políticas de ações afirmativas
Authors: Miranda Ana Paula Mendes de , Souza Rolf Ribeiro de , Almeida Rosiane Rodrigues de 
Published: April 2021

O artigo pretende problematizar como a regulamentação das cotas raciais - positiva como política pública de ação afirmativa ao reconhecer o racismo como estruturante das desigualdades no país – tem se revelado uma tecnologia social fundada na suspeição sistemática, gerando insegurança jurídica nas avaliações dos “pardos”, assim como o ressurgimento de critérios fenotípicos, procedimentos considerados legítimos para assegurar o direito a vaga na universidade pública, podendo resultar em um não-lugar para negros de pele clara. As análises baseiam-se nos procedimentos da Universidade Federal Fluminense durante a matrícula de aprovados no SISU em 2018 para cumprir a Lei nº. 12.990/2014 e Orientação Normativa nº 3, de 01/2016, do Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão que instituíram a obrigatoriedade de comissões de aferição de candidatos autodeclarados negros e indígenas.
Description of Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Xylocopa collaris sauteri collected from Yilan, Taiwan, with some notes on A. xylocopae Kanzaki, 2006
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Li Hou-Feng , Ekino Taisuke , Takeuchi-Kaneko Yuko , Maehara Noritoshi , Aikawa Takuya 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. is described and illustrated. This new species was isolated from Xylocopa collaris sauteri collected at Fushan, Yilan county, Taiwan. Typologically, the new species is characterised by a three-lined lateral field, conical female tail with various and not pointed termini, male spicule with well-developed and slightly dorsally truncate condylus, blunt triangular-shaped rostrum and unevenly ventrally curved dorsal contour of the spicule blade (calomus-lamina complex). The combination of typological characters of the new species is unique. Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. shares the three-lined lateral field and female tail shape with ‘A. helicus’, which was previously transferred to Robustodorus from Aphelenchoides, but can be differentiated from that species by its longer and more slender female tail, narrower female tail tip, and longer female stylet. In addition, the spicule morphology of A. roulingae n. sp. is unique and not similar to that of any other Aphelenchoides species. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a well-supported clade with the other Xylocopa bee-associated species, A. xylocopae, but can be typologically and molecularly distinguished from the species. In addition to the taxonomic description, some typological characters of the genus Aphelenchoides are discussed.
Towards Dynamic Assessment of Determinants of Household Vulnerability to Poverty in Tanzania
Authors: Pantaleo Innocent M. , Ngasamiaku Wilhelm M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper examines the determinants of vulnerability to expected poverty in Tanzania. Following Landau et al. (2012), Chaudhuri (2000) and Chaudhuri et al. (2003) on estimating Vulnerability to Expected Poverty (VEP), the paper uses a three waves of Tanzania National Panel Survey Data for Tanzania collected between 2008/2009, 2010/2011 and 2012/2013 to find that being employed in agriculture, residing in rural area and household size turns out to be significantly more likely to be poor in the future, at a given consumption level and in all cross-section combination. It also appeared that most of the variables were statistically insignificant at influencing the conditional variance of future consumption across household characteristics. Lastly, nearly 39.42% and 59.49% of households who were poor in 2008 turned out to be less vulnerable in 2010 and 2012 respectively and the rest turned out to be high vulnerable. Thus, consumption stabilization strategies are likely to be influential if they target families whose household head is aging.