bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The translation of extralinguistic cultural references in subtitling
Authors: Chen Wei , Nakamoto Takeshi , Zhang Juan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere has been substantial scholarly interest in extralinguistic cultural references (ECRs) in translation, especially in audiovisual translation (AVT). However, most scholars have investigated subtitling from English into other languages. Although China has a long tradition of film production, few studies have investigated the subtitling of ECRs from Chinese into English. This article attempts to remedy this by investigating the translation strategies, translation strategy distribution, and fidelity indexes of six subtitled versions of Chinese-language films. We compare our results withGottlieb’s (2009)results on Danish subtitles, and find that both Chinese and Danish subtitlers hold a target-oriented attitude. We then investigate the share of the strategies in the subtitling of ECRs across different Chinese films and determine that this varies by genre and that the difference in the fidelity index among films of different genres is substantial. The translation of epic films appears to be highly faithful, whereas that of crime and gangster films is much less faithful.
Energetics in elite race walkers
Authors: Etxebarria Naroa , Spratford Wayne , Iriberri Jon , Ross Meg , Gomez‐Ezeiza Josu , Pyne David 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTRace walkers must conform to a unique gait pattern with no visible loss of contact with the ground. However, how the gait pattern affects the race walking economy is unclear. We investigated the energy cost (amount of energy spent per distance unit) at different race walking velocities and over a 25 km hybrid walk. Twenty‐one international‐level male race walkers ( O2peak 63.8 ± 4.3 ml kg−1 min−1, age 31 ± 5 y, body mass 68.1 ± 7.0 kg) performed an incremental treadmill test consisting of 4 × 4 min submaximal stages with 1 km h−1 increments, and a 25 km submaximal hybrid walk (treadmill‐overground) on separate days. Energy cost was measured continuously during the submaximal test and at km 0–1, 6–7, 12–13, 18–19, 23–24 of the 25 km hybrid walk. The C RW was similar across the four submaximal stages where half the athletes completed them at a higher (1 km h−1) absolute velocity (−0.01–0.15 ± ∼0.65); range of standardised differences ±90% CL, with a tendency for higher performing athletes to have a lower C RW when this was analysed during absolute race walking velocities of 12, 13 and 14 km−1 for the entire cohort (0.46–0.49 ± ∼0.67). There was no substantial change in C RW from the start to the end of the 25 km walk for the entire cohort (0.08 ± 2.2; standardised change ±90% CL). Elite race walkers are characterised by having a similar energy cost among athletes who perform at the same relative exercise intensity, and substantially higher energetics than counterpart elite endurance runners.
Atomic oxygen density determination in the effluent of the COST reference source using in situ effective lifetime measurements in the presence of a liquid interface
Authors: Myers Brayden , Barnat Edward , Stapelmann Katharina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Spatially resolved, absolute densities of atomic oxygen are measured for several helium-based admixtures in the effluent of the COST Reference Microplasma Jet using two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF). Admixtures investigated include a helium-only admixture, four helium/oxygen admixtures (0.1

%

, 0.5

%

, 0.6

%

, and 1.0

%

oxygen), and a helium/water admixture (2500 ppm water), chosen to coincide with previously published characterizations of plasma-treated liquid. The atomic oxygen TALIF signal is calibrated for density using the noble gas xenon, which possesses a very similar two-photon excitation and fluorescence scheme. Measurements are conducted for the jet operating in ambient air with both an open effluent and a liquid surface present, allowing for comparison with liquid phase measurements conducted under similar conditions. The presence of a water surface does not appear to alter the background chemistry in the effluent but reduces O densities close to the liquid interface when compared to a similar distance from the nozzle in an open effluent case. This may be the result of a reduction in flow velocity caused by the liquid obstructing the gas flow. Additionally, measurements near the liquid surface revealed a region of atomic oxygen well outside of where the core of the effluent impinges on the liquid. This is likely relevant for applications as it considerably expands the surface area subject to O absorption. Critically, in situ measurements of the effective lifetimes of the laser-excited 3p3PJ state of atomic oxygen were recorded in the effluent by employing a picosecond (ps) laser and a nanosecond (ns) ICCD. By experimentally determining the contribution from collisional quenching via the in situ effective lifetime measurements, significant improvements in the accuracy of the atomic oxygen density calibration were made, with differences of approximately 30

%

from existing methods of estimating quenching rates at atmospheric pressure. Finally, spatially resolved atomic oxygen densities allow for an investigation of O formation and extinction pathways in the effluent and a comparison between admixtures.
Radiation exposures in pregnancy, health effects and risks to the embryo/foetus—information to inform the medical management of the pregnant patient
Authors: Applegate Kimberly E , Findlay Úna , Fraser Louise , Kinsella Yvonne , Ainsbury Liz , Bouffler Simon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Generally, intentional exposure of pregnant women is avoided as far as possible in both medical and occupational situations. This paper aims to summarise available information on sources of radiation exposure of the embryo/foetus primarily in medical settings. Accidental and unintended exposure is also considered. Knowledge on the effects of radiation exposure on the developing embryo/foetus remains incomplete—drawn largely from animal studies and two human cohorts but a summary is provided in relation to the key health endpoints of concern, severe foetal malformations/death, future cancer risk, and future impact on cognitive function. Both the specific education and training and also the literature regarding medical management of pregnant females is in general sparse, and consequently the justification and optimisation approaches may need to be considered on a case by case basis. In collating and reviewing this information, several suggestions for future basic science research, education and training, and radiation protection practice are identified.
Improving seasonal predictions of meteorological drought by conditioning on ENSO states
Authors: Pieper Patrick , Düsterhus André , Baehr Johanna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Useful hindcast skill of meteorological drought, assessed with the 3-month standardized precipitation index (SPI

3
M

), has been so far limited to one lead month (time horizon of the prediction). Here, we quadruple that lead time by demonstrating useful skill up to lead month 4. To obtain useful hindcast skill of meteorological drought at these long lead times, we exploit well-known El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–precipitation teleconnections through ENSO-state conditioning. We condition initialized seasonal SPI

3
M

hindcasts, derived from the Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) over the period 1982–2013, on ENSO states by exploring significant agreements between two complementary analyses: hindcast skill ENSO–composites, and observed ENSO–precipitation correlations. Such conditioned hindcast skill of meteorological drought is in MPI-ESM significant and reliable for lead months 2 to 4 in equatorial South America and southern North America during these regions’ dry ENSO phases. When a region’s dry ENSO phase is present at the initialization in autumn (ASO), predictions of meteorological drought show useful hindcast skill for the upcoming winter (DJF) in the respective region. The area of this useful hindcast skill is further enlarged in both regions when the respective region’s dry ENSO phase is already present in the antecedent summer (conditioning on ENSO states in JJA). Active ENSO events constitute windows of opportunity for drought predictions that are insufficiently covered by typical predictability analyses. For these windows, we demonstrate predictive skill at unprecedented lead times with a single model whose output is not bias corrected. This contribution exemplifies the value of ENSO-state conditioning in identifying these windows of opportunity for regions that are arguably most affected by ENSO–precipitation teleconnections. During these regions’ dry ENSO phases, reliable predictive skill of meteorological drought is at long lead times particularly valuable and moves the frontier of meteorological drought predictions.
Corrigendum: Morphometric distribution of Java eel Anguilla sp. caught from different estuaries of Central Java (2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 750 012042)
Authors: Taufiq-Spj N. , Hutabarat J. , Trianto A. , Sugianto D. N. , Santosa G. W. , Pratikto I. , Ario R. , Indarjo A. , Suryono S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Lattice-matched III-nitride structures comprising BAlN, BGaN, and AlGaN for ultraviolet applications
Authors: AlQatari Feras , Sajjad Muhammad , Lin Ronghui , Li Kuang-Hui , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Li Xiaohang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The optical properties of BAlN, BGaN and AlGaN ternary alloys are investigated using hybrid density functional for the design of lattice-matched optical structures in the ultraviolet spectrum. The calculated AlGaN properties agree well with previous reports, validating the model. A peculiar non-monotonic behavior of the refractive index as a function of the boron composition is found. The results of this calculation are interpolated to generate a three-dimensional dataset, which can be employed for designing a countless number of lattice-matched and –mismatched heterostructures. These heterostructures could span a range of operating wavelengths well into the deep ultraviolet with refractive indices ranging from 1.98 to 2.41 for AlN at 0 eV and GaN near the GaN bandgap, respectively. An example is shown where a lattice-matched heterostructure, AlN/B0.108Ga0.892N, is applied for DBR applications with a large index difference. A DBR comprising the AlN/B0.108Ga0.892N heterostructure at the UV wavelength of 375 nm is found to exceed 93% peak reflectivity with only 10 pairs and reaches 100% reflectivity with 35 pairs. For a chosen design with 25 pairs, the DBR has a peak reflectivity of 99.8% and a bandwidth of 26 nm fulfilling the requirements of most devices especially ultraviolet vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers.
Enhancing strength and electrical conductivity of pure aluminum by microalloying with telluride
Authors: Du Zhuang , Ye Jinwen , Yang Lufei , Zhang Jiteng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effects of Te addition on the microstructure, strength and electrical conductivity of pure aluminum were investigated, for improving the strength and electrical conductivity of resulting alloys. It was found that the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of the studied alloys increased by 25.8% and 2.8%, respectively, compared with those for pure aluminum (58 MPa and 62.06% IACS), respectively, by adding 0.1 wt% Te. Several mechanisms may account for the observed improvement of the alloys’ strength and electrical conductivity. First, Te addition can refine the grain size of pure aluminum by introducing more nucleation sites and suppressing grain growth through boundary precipitation. Second, the precipitation morphology changes from fine-needle or sheet-like to ellipsoidal shapes, likely improving the alloys’ tensile properties. Finally, Te can purify the melts by forming Al-Te-Fe-Si intermetallics at the grain boundaries, likely reducing the lattice distortion and increasing the electrical conductivity.
Simulating quantum materials with digital quantum computers
Authors: Bassman Oftelie Lindsay , Urbanek Miroslav , Metcalf Mekena , Carter Jonathan , Kemper Alexander F , de Jong Wibe A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Quantum materials exhibit a wide array of exotic phenomena and practically useful properties. A better understanding of these materials can provide deeper insights into fundamental physics in the quantum realm as well as advance information processing technology and sustainability. The emergence of digital quantum computers (DQCs), which can efficiently perform quantum simulations that are otherwise intractable on classical computers, provides a promising path forward for testing and analyzing the remarkable, and often counter-intuitive, behavior of quantum materials. Equipped with these new tools, scientists from diverse domains are racing towards achieving physical quantum advantage (i.e. using a quantum computer to learn new physics with a computation that cannot feasibly be run on any classical computer). The aim of this review, therefore, is to provide a summary of progress made towards this goal that is accessible to scientists across the physical sciences. We will first review the available technology and algorithms, and detail the myriad ways to represent materials on quantum computers. Next, we will showcase the simulations that have been successfully performed on currently available DQCs, emphasizing the variety of properties, both static and dynamic, that can be studied with this nascent technology. Finally, we work through three examples of how to perform various materials simulation problems on DQCs, with full code included in the supplementary material (https://stacks.iop.org/QST/6/043002/mmedia). It is our hope that this review can serve as an organized overview of progress in the field for domain experts and an accessible introduction to scientists in related fields interested in beginning to perform their own simulations of quantum materials on DQCs.
Variable polarization states in free-electron lasers
Authors: Freund H P , van der Slot P J M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Free-electron lasers (FELs) can emit light with different optical polarizations including linear, elliptic and circular polarizations corresponding to the characteristics of the undulators used. X-ray FELs depend upon long undulator lines consisting of a sequence of short undulators. Linearly polarized undulators are most commonly used; hence the optical output is linearly polarized. Alternately, APPLE-II, Delta undulator designs, or a sequence of linearly polarized undulators with alternating orientations can be used to produce undulating magnetic fields with arbitrary polarizations. We present a three-dimensional, time-dependent formulation that self-consistently includes two optical orientations and, therefore, treats any given sequence or combination of undulator including undulator imperfections and degradation There are two principal characteristics of the formulation that underpin this capability. First, particles are tracked using the full Newton–Lorentz force equations with analytic models of the undulators fields. This permits an accurate model of the interaction of the electrons with a large variety of undulator fields and orientations. Second, the electrons can couple simultaneously to two independent electromagnetic polarizations and, therefore, the optical polarization evolves self-consistently along the undulator line. We present the numerical model and give some examples using prevailing undulator configurations.
Time-delay version of the integrable discrete Lotka-Volterra system in terms of the LR transformations
Authors: Sekiguchi Masaki , Oka Kurumi , Iwasaki Masashi , Ishiwata Emiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To introduce time delay into integrable discrete systems, we present a time-delay version of the discrete Lotka-Volterra (dLV) system, which is a time-discretization of the famous predator-prey Lotka-Volterra system. Focusing on the LR transformations, which has been designed for solving symmetric eigenvalue problems, plays a key role in deriving the essential properties of the original dLV system. We also clarify asymptotic convergence in the resulting time-delay system and present an application for computing matrix eigenvalues and singular values.
Associations Between Dietary Melatonin Intake and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Japanese Adults in the Takayama Study
Authors: Nagata Chisato , Wada Keiko , Yamakawa Michiyo , Nakashima Yuma , Koda Sachi , Uji Takahiro , Onuma Sakiko , Oba Shino , Maruyama Yusuke , Hattori Atsuhiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Potential health benefits of melatonin have been suggested. Although melatonin is present in various foods, little is known about the health effects of dietary melatonin intake. We estimated habitual dietary melatonin intake and examined its association with total and cause-specific mortality in a population-based cohort study in Japan. Study subjects included 13,355 men and 15,724 women aged ≥35 years who responded to a self-administered questionnaire in 1992. Their diets were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. The melatonin content in various foods on the questionnaire was measured to estimate melatonin intake. Mortality was ascertained during 16 years of follow-up (1992–2008). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for total and cause-specific mortality were calculated according to melatonin quartiles. A total of 5,339 deaths occurred during follow-up. Melatonin intake was significantly associated with decreased risks of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and noncancer, noncardiovascular mortality after controlling for covariates; HRs for the highest quartile of melatonin intake versus the lowest were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; P for trend = 0.05), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.99; P for trend = 0.10), and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.90; P for trend = 0.003), respectively. The data suggest a potential benefit of dietary melatonin with regard to mortality rates.
How could Finland promote renewable-energy technology innovation and implementation?
Authors: Paukku Eelis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Several major market failures are hindering renewable energy production. Probably the most significant one of these are negative externalities. Another issue hindering renewable energy production is low technological and commercial maturity. These technologies might not become commercially viable in the near future without state intervention. This study aims to analyse Finnish energy policy based on current legislation related to renewable energy production and budget policy related to renewable-energy subsidies. This study shows that the polluter-pays principle is implemented quite well in Finland due to the emissions trading scheme and taxation. Still, this principle is not entirely implemented in electricity production as electricity tax is not based on the carbon intensity of the fuel used, but rather on who uses the electricity. National subsidy policies focus on a short-term increase in renewable energy production as most subsidies are production subsidies granted through a bidding process, making these subsidy policies partly technology-neutral. These policies do not take into account long-term needs for energy policy as much as they could.
Frontopolar Cortex Response to Positive Feedback Relates to Nonincentivized Task Persistence
Authors: Tashjian Sarah M , Galván Adriana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
When individuals make decisions whether to persist at a task, their decision-making is informed by whether success is pending or accomplished. If pending, the brain facilitates behavioral persistence; if the goal is accomplished or no longer desired, the brain enables switching away from the current task. Feedback, which is known to differentially engage reward neurocircuitry, may modulate goal-directed behavior such as task persistence. However, prior studies are confounded by offering external incentives for persistence. This study tested whether neural response to feedback differed as a function of nonincentivized task persistence in 99 human participants ages 13–30 (60 females). Individuals who persisted engaged the frontopolar cortex (FPC) to a greater extent during receipt of task-relevant positive feedback compared with negative feedback. For individuals who quit, task-irrelevant monetary reward engaged the FPC to a greater extent compared with positive feedback. FPC activation in response to positive feedback is identified as a key contributor to task persistence.
Incidence, Clinical Presentation, Relapses and Outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Patients Treated With Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Calderón-Parra Jorge , Múñez-Rubio Elena , Fernández-Cruz Ana , García-Sánchez María Cristina , Maderuelo-González Esther , López-Dosil Marcos , Calvo-Salvador Marina , Baños-Pérez Isolina , Valle-Falcones Manuel , Ramos-Martínez Antonio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Our objective is to describe the presentation and complications, including relapses, of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients under anti-CD20 treatments. In addition, to describe viral clearance and determine the safety of reintroducing anti-CD20 treatment.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 422 patients under anti-CD20 treatment that was administered from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020.

Results
Fifty-seven patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 (13.5%). Twenty-five patients (43.9%) required hospital admission. Five patients died (8.8%), and 10 developed severe COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mortality rate was higher among patients infected during the first 3 months following the last dose of anti-CD20 (14.7% vs 0%, P = .046). The median time of persistence of positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was 22 days (IQR 13–40).
Nine out of 52 survivors (17.3%) presented relapses. All of them received the last dose of anti-CD20 less than 6 months before the COVID-19 episode. Clinical presentation was fever (n = 8; 88.9%), dyspnea (n = 7; 77.8%), cough (n = 7; 77.8%), worsening of previous infiltrates (n = 5; 55.6%) and new pulmonary infiltrates (n = 8; 88.9%). An increase in lymphocytes with CD4/CD8 ratio inversion was observed in all cases. Among the 25 patients who resumed anti-CD20 drug, 4 (16.0%) presented relapses vs 5/28 among those who did not (17.9%), (P = .857).

Conclusions
Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the 6 months after anti-CD20 administration had a worse outcome and a higher mortality rate. The duration of infectivity may be longer. Relapses of COVID-19 occurred in more than 15% and were associated with viral replication. Once the infection is resolved, it is safe to restart treatment with anti-CD20.