bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Analysis of the Stay-at-Home Behaviors During COVID-19 Pandemic of China
Authors: Liu Chao , Gao Weijun , Sun Limei , Jing Xiaotong , Tang Yuanze , Li Zhengru , Cai Gangwei , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has a great impact on people's life, study, and work. People must stay at home and cannot go out for a long time, especially when the number of infected people increases rapidly. In order to explore the changes in the behavior of people at home during the COVID-19 pandemic in March, 2020, a national survey in China was conducted on people’s anxiety, sleep quality, study/work status, daily activities and family communication with the window opening and overlooking behavior.
Methods

The survey was carried out by online questionnaires of SMS service. A total of 3401 valid questionnaires were received. Chi-square analysis was used to establish the relationship model of the human behavior and activities during the stay-home of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results

The survey results showed that due to the influence of the COVID-19, more than 74.92% participants had anxiety. Compared with the pre-outbreak period, the sleep quality of people become worse. There was a tendency for people to study/work less, exercise less, play more game, and watch the TV. On the other hand, the family communication has been increased, and people have tried to open windows and look outside through windows to alleviate the human anxiety.
Conclusions

This paper has revealed COVID-19 has had a great impact on people's behavior in all sorts of ways. The response of people affected by the pandemic should be constantly identified and monitored, to assist policy formulation for future short-term or long-term pandemic.
Olfactory Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Clinical Characteristics and Cortical Thickness Alterations
Authors: Yu Shu-yang , Zhu Wan-lin , Lian Teng-hong , Li Shao-wu , Liu Ya-ou , Guo Peng , Ding Du-yu , Li Dan-ning , Li Li-xia , Zhao Hui , Liu Li , Zuo Li-jun , Hu Yang , Yu Qiu-jin , Jin Zhao , Wang Rui-dan , Gao Jun-hua , Zhu Rong-yan , Wang Xiao-min , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is reported as a useful predictor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There are three sub-domains of olfaction: olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification. In AD patients, whether the performance of three sub-domains has different influential factors or relates to specific brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) change is not clear. Methods We recruited 105 typical AD patients, assessed patients’ cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms and activity of daily living by related scales, evaluated patients’ olfactory function by Sniffin’ Sticks test and measured patients’ cortical thicknesses by MRI. Results Olfactory threshold negatively correlated with AD patients’ age and positively related to cognitive function; olfactory discrimination positively related to patients’ cognitive function and cortical thickness of left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus; olfactory identification positively related to patients’ cognitive function and cortical thicknesses of left medial orbitofrontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral superior temporal gyrus. Conclusions The three sub-domains of olfaction in AD patients have different influential factors: age influences olfactory threshold and cognitive function influences all three olfactory sub-domains. The performance of olfactory discrimination and identification in AD patients was associated with the cortical thickness of orbitofrontal gyrus and temporal lobe.
Inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 impede the proliferation of receptor positive and triple negative breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Bräutigam Karen , Kabore-Wolff Elodie , Hussain Ahmad Fawzi , Polack Stephan , Rody Achim , Hanker Lars , Köster Frank 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis and missing systemic therapeutic approaches beside chemotherapy. Targeting the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 showed promising results in breast cancer and especially in TNBC. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is an important driver of carcinogenesis. Here, the effect of combined PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment is investigated of cell growth and intracellular impact of breast cancer cell lines.Methods: The IC50 values of each inhibitor and the effect of combined treatment were determined in three TNBC cell lines of different subtypes and one non-TNBC cell line. Phospho-specific antibodies were used in western blot analyses to investigate an effect on ERK1/2 activation. Expression of immune modulatory and cell cycle associated genes were examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results: Both inhibitors PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 impeded the proliferation of TNBC to a higher extent than of non-TNBC. By combined treatment cell lines were inhibited either synergistically or additively. ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation were reduced and expression of c-Fos and FosL were diminished after ERK1/2 inhibitor as single and combined treatment. Between genes involved in immune modulation, IL-8 was upregulated in TNBC cells after combined treatment.Conclusion: In conclusion, combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 inhibitors showed favorable effects for a new therapy strategy, with better results in TNBC cell lines than in non-TNBC. The effects have to be validated in models that can reflect the interaction between immune and tumor cells like the situation in the tumor micro environment.
High-flow nasal cannula therapy for hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Chavarria Adrian Palacios , Lezama Erika Salinas , Navarro Mauricio Gonzalez , Vazquez Rafael Ricardo Valdez , Bello Héctor Herrera , Gascon Julieta Lomelín , Juárez Linda Morales , Avendaño Mónica Arboleya , Gonzalez Luis Esteban Ramirez , Benavides Rodrigo Ville , Wyssmann Renate Victoria Álvarez , Ortiz Brenda Sandoval , Cerda Mariana Lizbeth Rodríguez de la , Castañeda Lidia Moreno , Martinez-Juarez Luis Alberto , Gallardo-Rincón Héctor , Tapia-Conyer Roberto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 is poorly understood and remains controversial.
Methods

We designed a prospective observational study of a large cohort of patients with COVID-19-related hypoxaemic respiratory failure at the Temporary COVID-19 Hospital in Mexico City. The primary outcome was the success rate of HFNC to prevent the progression to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We also evaluated the risk factors associated with HFNC success or failure.
Results

This study included 378 patients who were admitted to the Temporary COVID-19 Hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and hypoxemic respiratory failure. HFNC therapy effectively prevented IMV in 71.4% of patients (n = 270; 95% confidence interval [CI] 66.6–75.8%). Factors that were significantly different between patients who were only treated with HFNC therapy and those who progressed to IMV included age, the presence of hypertension, and the Charlson comorbidity index. Predictors of therapy failure included the CALL score at admission (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.27; 95% CI 1.09–1.47; p < 0.01), Rox index at 1 hour (adjusted HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.7–0.96; p = 0.02), and no prior treatment with steroids (adjusted HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.19–0.62; p < 0.0001). Overall, therapy was significantly associated with a lower intensive care unit admission rate (7.0% vs 96.3%) and length of hospital stay (15.0 vs 26.5 days).
Conclusions

Treating patients with HFNC therapy at admission was effective and prevented the worsening of symptoms in some patients with COVID-19.
Change in Levothyroxine Requirements After Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Hypothyroidism.
Authors: García-Moreno Rosa María , Blanco Ana Isabel Cos , Viñuela Isabel Calvo , Larrauri Miriam Zapatero , Morena Lucrecia Herranz de la 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the need to modify the levothyroxine dose after surgery. Additional goals are to estimate the increase or decrease of total dose and weight-adjusted dose, assess the influence of weight loss on the levothyroxine requirements, and identify predictors.Material and methodsRetrospective study in patients with treated hypothyroidism that underwent bariatric surgery. The required levothyroxine dose was evaluated before the surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery. Dose modification during follow-up and its association with weight loss and other potential predictors were assessed. ResultsOf the 63 patients included, 82.54% needed an adjustment of dose during the follow-up. The total dose of levothyroxine decreased significantly at 6 months post-surgery (-49.1 µg/week; 95%CI= -93.7 to -4.5; p=0.031) and 12 months (-54.9 µg/week; 95%CI= -102 to -7.8; p=0.022), with no significant change at 24 months (p=0.114). The weight-adjusted dose increased at 6 months (1.37 µg/kg/week; 95%CI=0.91 to 1.83; p<0.001), 12 months (2.05 µg/kg/week; 95%CI=1.43 to 2.67; p<0.001), and 24 months (2.52 µg/kg/week; 95%CI=1.74 to 3.30; p<0.001). Weight loss showed significant association with weight-adjusted dose (OR=1.07; 95%CI=1.02 to 1.12; p=0.004) and did not with the total dose (p=0.320).Conclusions﻿It is expected that the levothyroxine requirements change in the firsts years after bariatric surgery. This study shows a significant decrease in the total dose during the first year of follow-up and an increase in the weight-adjusted dose over the two first years. No predictors for the modification in the total dose of levothyroxine have been identified.
Malaria Prevalence and Performance of Diagnostic Tests Among Hospitalized Fever Patients in Zanzibar
Authors: Onken Annette , Haanshuus Christel Gill , Miraji Mohammed , Marijani Msafiri , Kibwana Kibwana Omar , Abeid Khamis Ali , Mørch Kristine , Reimers Marianne , Langeland Nina , Müller Fredrik , Jenum Pål Arne , Blomberg Bjørn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Control efforts in Zanzibar reduced the burden of malaria substantially from 2000 to 2015, but re-emergence of falciparum malaria has been observed the last years. This study evaluated the prevalence of malaria and performance of routine diagnostic tests among hospitalized fever patients in a 1.5 years period in 2015 and 2016. Methods: From March 2015 to October 2016, pediatric and adult patients hospitalized with acute undifferentiated fever at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar were included. The malaria prevalence was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and routine microscopy. Results: Malaria prevalence was 8% (67/820). All cases identified by PCR had Plasmodium falciparum infection, except for one P. ovale. Compared to PCR, the RDT had sensitivity of 64% (36/56), specificity 98% (561/575), positive predictive value (PPV) 72% (36/50) and negative predictive value (NPV) 97% (561/581). Microscopy had a sensitivity of 50% (18/36), specificity 99% (251/254), PPV 86% (18/21) and NPV 93% (251/269) compared to PCR. Conclusions: A high malaria prevalence was identified compared to previous studies in Zanzibar. Microscopy showed higher PPV than RDT in this study. Both RDT and microscopy had low sensitivity compared to PCR. However, low parasitemia identified only by PCR in a semi-immune individual could be coincidental and may not be the cause of the presenting symptoms. To achieve malaria elimination in Zanzibar, PCR-based surveillance is suitable to guide control and elimination efforts.
The Impact of Cervical Conization Size Followed by Cervical Length Changes on Preterm Birth Rates in Asymptomatic Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Firichenko Sergei V. , Stark Michael , Mynbaev Ospan A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to explore the impact of the cervical conization size (CCS) followed by cervical length (CL) changes on preterm birth (PTB) rates in asymptomatic singleton pregnancies compared to pregnancy outcomes (POs) in women with an intact cervix, and to estimate the PTB prevention efficiency in patients with a short cervix (vaginal progesterone alone group (PAG) vs. progesterone-pessary group (PPG)). POs in populations with similar age, ethnicity, residency, education, and harmful habits who underwent cervical conization compared to the women with an intact cervix, and sub-populations with the sufficient CL vs. short cervix, and the PTB prevention efficiency of PAG and PPG were retrospectively analyzed. PTB risks depend on the CCS which is the key point, further, during pregnancy, the larger CCS is associated with the short cervix, and higher PTB risks, notably increased among nulliparous women, and the smaller CCS followed by the sufficient CL and lower PTB risks predominantly observed in women with the prior parity. The USCL assessment is the PTB risk predicting tool, and it can be supplemented with the CCS to increase its diagnostic value. There was no substantial impact on the POs associated with the PTB prevention modes, whereas, the CL changes during pregnancy depending on the CCS is more critical in POs.
Fatal Nodular Regenerating Hyperplasia Rupture in a Common-Variable-Immunodeficiency Patient With TACI Mutation
Authors: Sompornrattanaphan Mongkhon , Tongdee Ranista , Wongsa Chamard , Jitmuang Anupop , Thongngarm Torpong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNodular regenerating hyperplasia (NRH) is considered the most common liver involvement in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Most patients are asymptomatic with gradually increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mildly elevated transaminase enzymes over years. We report the first case of fatal NRH rupture complication in a CVID patient.Case presentationA 24-year-old man was diagnosed CVID at the age of 1.25 years. Genetic testing revealed a transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin-ligand interactor (TACI) mutation. He had been receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) replacement therapy ever since then. The trough level of serum IgG ranged between 750-1200 mg/dL. However, he still had occasional episodes of lower respiratory tract infection until bronchiectasis developed. At 22 years old, computed tomograph (CT) chest and abdomen as an investigation for lung infection revealed incidental findings of numerous nodular arterial-enhancing lesions in the liver and mild splenomegaly suggestive of NRH with portal hypertension. Seven months later, he developed sudden hypotension and tense bloody ascites. Emergency CT angiography of the abdomen showed NRH with intrahepatic hemorrhage and hemoperitoneum. Despite successful gel foam embolization, the patient died from prolonged shock and multiple organ failure. ConclusionsAlthough CVID patients with NRH are generally asymptomatic, late complication including portal hypertension, hepatic failure, and hepatic rupture could occur. Therefore, an evaluation of liver function should be included in the regular follow-up of CVID patients.
A Novel Loss-of-function Pathogenic Missense Mutation in CASK Gene Causes Mental Retardation and Microcephaly with Pontine and Cerebellar Hypoplasia
Authors: Wu Sixian , Jiang Chuan , Li Jiaman , Zhang Guohui , Shen Ying , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Mutations in the CASK gene result in a wide range of observed phenotypes in humans like FG Syndrome 4 and mental retardation. In this study, researchers investigated the case of an 11-month-old female diagnosed with mental retardation and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH). These issues caused general developmental delays, microcephaly, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Results: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify a novel pathogenic missense mutation (NM_003688.3: c.638T>G) in the CASK gene in this index. Researchers further confirmed the pathogenicity of the missense mutation by bioinformatics analysis. At the same time, researchers tested its protein expression level and mRNA expression level. Strikingly, the protein expression was down-regulation while the mRNA expression was not changed. By using protein structure prediction, this study found that amino acid mutation resulted in further changes in the stability of protein structures, which caused down-regulation of the protein expression and loss of the protein function. Conclusions: In this study, researchers first reported a novel causative mechanism of MICPCH: amino acid mutations led to changes in protein structure and down-regulation of stability, which caused protein was loss of function. This study can be helpful in the genetic diagnosis of this disease.
Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block with different doses of dexmedetomidine for patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Duan Caiping , Hao Zaijun , Yang Junling , Song Fei , Fan Xiujuan , Li Ruizhen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (USG-SAPB) has been used for pain management of patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM), but evidence supporting the adjuvant analgesic benefits is limited. We explored the efficacy and safety of preemptive use of different concentrations of dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine in USG-SAPB for patients undergoing MRM.Patients and methods: Ninety-five female patients were randomly allocated to RD1 and RD2 groups. USG-SAPB was performed before anesthesia induction. Consumption of sufentanil, postoperative pain scores, and level of sedation were recorded 1–72 h postoperatively. Intraoperative hemodynamics, PACU length of stay, incidence of moderate-severe pain, one-time puncture success, block procedure time, time to first rescue analgesia, satisfaction scores of patients and surgeons, hospital length of stay, adverse events, the prevalence of chronic pain, and quality of postoperative functional recovery were recorded.Results: Dynamic VAS was significantly lower at 4, 8, and 12 h after surgery and sufentanil need was significantly lower at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery in the RD2 group (P<0.05). The incidence of moderate-severe pain was significantly lower in the RD2 group (P<0.05). Time to first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in the RD2 group (P=0.047). Consumption of propofol, remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, use of vasoactive agents, and PACU length of stay (LOS) were significantly reduced in RD2 patients (P<0.05). There were no significant diﬀerences between the two groups with respect to procedural variables or satisfaction scores of patients and surgeons, and/or postoperative complications. The hospital LOS, global QoR-40, and prevalence of chronic pain were comparable.Conclusions: Use of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine in USG-SAPB can provide superior postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing MRM without additional adverse effects, and result in similar quality of postoperative functional recovery and prevalence of chronic pain.
Prevalence use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the general population with COVID-19 and associated COVID-19 risk, hospitalization, severity, death, and safety outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: zhao huilei , huang Shanshan , mei kaibo , shao wen , zhang jing , ma jianyong , zhu wengen , jiang yuan , yu peng , liu xiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

Recent reports of potential harmful effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have provoked great concern. Therefore, the safety of NSAIDs is still questioned.
Methods

We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from December 2019 to January 2021 to examine use prevalence for NSAIDs in general, as well as associated COVID-19 risk and outcomes. This study has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019132063)
Results

We included 25 studies with a total of 101,215 COVID-19 patients. The use of NSAIDs in COVID-19 patients reached 19%. Exposure to NSAIDs was not associated with significantly increased risk of developing COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.24; I2 = 82%), hospitalization (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.76–1.48; I2 = 81%), mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.47–1.06; I2 = 38%), and length of hospital stay. Moreover, use of NSAIDs was significantly associated with better outcomes, including severity of COVID-19 (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 71–0.89; I2 = 0%) and death (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.52–0.89; I2 = 85%) in patients with COVID-19. Regarding safety outcomes, exposure to NSAIDs was associated with increased risk of stroke (OR = 2.32, 95%CI: 1.04–5.2; I2 = 0%), but not with myocardial infraction (OR = 1.49; p = 0.66; I2 = 0%), overt thrombosis (OR = 0.76, p = 0.50; I2 = 28%) and major bleeding (p = 0.61).
Conclusion

Based on current evidence, exposure to NSAIDs is not linked to increased odds or exacerbation of COVID-19 in the general COVID-19 population. Furthermore, administration of NSAIDs might have better outcomes and survival benefits in the general COVID-19 population, although potentially increasing the risk of stroke. Use of NSAIDs might be safe and beneficial in COVID-19. Future observational and randomized control trials are needed for further confirmation.
Surgical Excision For Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastases After Radical Colorectal Cancer Resection: Case Series of Six Patients
Authors: Kondo Hiroka , Hirano Yasumitsu , Yamaguchi Shigeki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The reported frequency of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes (PLNs) varies but is quite low (approximately 1 to 4%), impeding present attempts at large-scale trials. In particular, there are few reports of PLN recurrences after radical resection of CRC. We report 6 cases of PLN dissection for PLN recurrence after radical CRC surgery.Case presentation: Six patients underwent surgery at our hospital between April 2007 and December 2018 for recurrence of PLN metastasis after radical resection of CRC. At preoperative imaging, 2 patients had lymph node metastases cephalad to the renal vein. One of them had complete R0 resection; the other had biopsy only, because R0 resection was not possible. Complete resection was performed in all 4 patients who had enlarged PLNs only caudal to the renal vein, and the 4 survivors who were confirmed during the observation period are the 4 patients who had PLN metastases caudad to the renal vein.Conclusions: Surgical removal of PLN metastases in the aftermath of CRC resection may improve the prognosis in those patients with isolated metastases caudad to the renal vein.