bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the thermal atmosphere evaporation of hot neptune GJ 436b
Authors: Калиничева Е.С. , Шематович В.И. , Павлюченков Я.Н. 
Published: January 2021

В данной работе с помощью одномерной самосогласованной аэрономической модели были получены высотные профили температуры, скорости и плотности для горячего нептуна GJ 436b. Мы проследили расширение газовой оболочки под действием нагрева от жесткого излучения родительской звезды от тонкого атмосферного слоя 1.02R 0 до 5R 0 . Используемая модель учитывает вклад надтепловых частиц, что значительно уточняет функцию нагрева атмосферы. Установлено, что формируется структура атмосферы с двумя характерными шкалами высоты, отвечающими относительно плотной атмосфере и более разреженной короне. Также был посчитан темп оттока атмосферы, составивший около 1.6 × 10 9 г с -1 , что ниже результатов, полученных авторами других расчетов.
In this work the height profiles of temperature, velocity, and density were obtained for the hot neptune GJ 436b, using a one-dimensional self-consistent aeronomic model. We traced the expansion of the gas envelope affected by heating from the extreme radiation of the host star from the thin atmospheric layer 1.02R 0 up to 5R 0 . The model used takes into account the contribution of suprathermal particles, which significantly refines the atmospheric heating function. It was found that the structure of the atmosphere is being formed with two characteristic altitude scales corresponding to a relatively dense atmosphere and a more rarefied corona. The atmospheric mass loss rate was also calculated, it was found to be about 1.6 × 10 9 g s -1 , which is lower than the results obtained by the authors of other calculations.
Astronomical climate of the telescope installation site and observation time loss
Authors: Панчук А.В. 
Published: January 2021

При выборе места установки оптического телескопа основными характеристиками являются статистика ясных ночей, и, впоследствии, статистика качества изображений, набираемая экспедиционными средствами. Поэтому интересно сравнить прогностические оценки с реальной статистикой уже работающего телескопа. По данным службы эксплуатации 6-метрового телескопа БТА оценивается количество наблюдательного времени и потери этого времени, связанные с метеоусловиями и техническими ограничениями на эксплуатацию комплекса БТА. Эти оценки могут быть использованы при планировании долгосрочных наблюдательных программ, в т.ч. и программы наземной спектроскопической поддержки проекта «Спектр-УФ».
When choosing a site for an optical telescope, the main characteristics are the statistics on clear nights, and, subsequently, the statistics on the seeing accumulated by the expeditionary means. Therefore, it is interesting to compare the predictive estimates with the real statistics of an already operating telescope. The data from the operation service of the 6-meter BTA telescope is used to estimate the amount of observational time, and the losses of this time associated with meteorological conditions and technical restrictions on the operation of the BTA complex. These estimates can be used in planning the long-term observational programs, including the programs for ground-based spectroscopic support of the Spektr-UV project.
Updated European hydraulic pedotransfer functions with communicated uncertainties in the predicted variables (euptfv2)
Authors: Szabó Brigitta , Weynants Melanie , Weber Tobias K. D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Soil hydraulic properties are often derived indirectly,
i.e. computed from easily available soil properties with pedotransfer
functions (PTFs), when those are needed for catchment, regional or
continental scale applications. When predicted soil hydraulic parameters are
used for the modelling of the state and flux of water in soils, uncertainty
of the computed values can provide more detailed information when drawing
conclusions. The aim of this study was to update the previously published
European PTFs (Tóth et al., 2015, euptf v1.4.0) by providing prediction
uncertainty calculation built into the transfer functions. The new set of
algorithms was derived for point predictions of soil water content at
saturation (0 cm matric potential head), field capacity (both −100 and −330 cm matric potential head), wilting point (−15 000 cm matric potential head),
plant available water, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, as well as the
Mualem–van Genuchten model parameters of the moisture retention and
hydraulic conductivity curve. The minimum set of input properties for the
prediction is soil depth and sand, silt and clay content. The effect of
including additional information like soil organic carbon content, bulk
density, calcium carbonate content, pH and cation exchange capacity were
extensively analysed. The PTFs were derived adopting the random forest
method. The advantage of the new PTFs is that they (i) provide information
about prediction uncertainty, (ii) are significantly more accurate than the
euptfv1, (iii) can be applied for more predictor variable combinations than
the euptfv1, 32 instead of 5, and (iv) are now also derived for the
prediction of water content at −100 cm matric potential head and plant
available water content. A practical guidance on how to use the derived PTFs
is provided.
The influence of estrogen deficiency on the structural and mechanical properties of rat cortical bone
Authors: Shipov Anna , Zaslansky Paul , Riesemeier Heinrich , Segev Gilad , Atkins Ayelet , Kalish-Achrai Noga , Weiner Stephen , Shahar Ron 
Published: January 2021

Background
Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a common health problem worldwide, most commonly caused by estrogen deficiency. Most of the information regarding the skeletal effects of this disease relates to trabecular bone, while cortical bone is less studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of estrogen deficiency on the structure and mechanical properties of cortical bone.

Methods
Eight ovariectomized (OVH) and eight intact (control) Sprague Dawley rats were used.Structural features of femoral cortical bone were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based microcomputer-tomography and their mechanical properties determined by nano-indentation.

Results
Cortical bone of both study groups contains two distinct regions: organized circumferential lamellae and disordered bone with highly mineralized cartilaginous islands. Lacunar volume was lower in the OVH group both in the lamellar and disorganized regions (182 ± 75 µm3 vs 232 ± 106 µm3, P < 0.001 and 195 ± 86 µm3 vs. 247 ± 106 µm3, P < 0.001, respectively). Lacunar density was also lower in both bone regions of the OVH group (40 ± 18 ×103 lacunae/mm3 vs. 47 ± 9×103 lacunae/mm3 in the lamellar region, P = 0.003 and 63 ± 18×103lacunae/mm3 vs. 75 ± 13×103 lacunae/mm3 in the disorganized region, P < 0.001). Vascular canal volume was lower in the disorganized region of the bone in the OVH group compared to the same region in the control group (P < 0.001). Indentation moduli were not different between the study groups in both bone regions.

Discussion
Changes to cortical bone associated with estrogen deficiency in rats require high-resolution methods for detection. Caution is required in the application of these results to humans due to major structural differences between human and rat bone.
Effect of rice planting date and optimal planting window for Southwest Louisiana
Authors: Cerioli Tommaso , Gentimis Thanos , Linscombe Steven D. , Famoso Adam N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and grain quality are highly influenced by the planting date; thus, it is crucial to determine the optimal planting window for an area of cultivation. In this study, date of planting experiments conducted at the Louisiana State University (LSU) AgCenter Rice Research Station from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed to quantify the effect of planting date, genotype, and year on key agronomic traits. Planting date was strongly associated with yield across every year, explaining 55.6% of the overall phenotypic variation. A clear relationship was observed between later plantings and reduced yields; and the highest yields were observed during plantings between 11 and 31 March. Rice planted after the optimal planting window displays a yield reduction following a cubic regression trend. Planting date was associated with milling yield, explaining 28.6% of the phenotypic variation, however the effect size varied year to year. Milling yields were highest with the early and late planting dates, while reduced milling yields were observed in plantings between mid‐April and early June. Days to heading and days to seedling emergence were strongly associated with planting date; with planting date explaining, on average, 86 and 96% of the variation, respectively. Plant height was less influenced by planting date, with genotype being the largest source of variation. The results from this study highlight the importance of choosing the optimal planting date and identifies an optimal planting window to maximize grain and milling yield for Southwest Louisiana.
Clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type I in multiple family members due to cosegregation of a unique balanced translocation with disruption of the NF1 locus: Testing considerations for accurate diagnosis
Authors: Smith Rebecca B. , Solem Emily P. , Metz Emma C. , Wheeler Ferrin C. , Phillips John A. , Yenamandra Ashwini 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes a predisposition to develop tumors along the peripheral nervous system. The NF1 gene, located at 17q11.2, has the highest mutation rate among known human genes and about half of NF1 patients have de novo pathogenic variants. We present a case of clinical NF1 diagnoses in multiple family members with phenotypes ranging from mild to severe. Chromosome analysis of the 3‐year‐old female proband with NF1 resulted in an abnormal karyotype that was inherited from her mother: 46,XX,t(4;17)(q21.3;q11.2) mat. However, no NF1 genetic variants were identified by either NGS analysis of NF1 DNA coding regions, deletion‐duplication studies, or by cytogenomic microarray copy number analysis. Follow‐up chromosome studies of the proband's two male siblings demonstrated cosegregation of the same balanced translocation and a clinical diagnosis of NF1. Based on the cosegregation of the translocation with the NF1 clinical presentation in this family, we hypothesized that the NF1 gene may have been disrupted by this unique rearrangement. Subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the metaphase cells of an affected sibling revealed a disruption of the NF1 gene confirming the underlying basis of the clinical NF1 presentation in this family. The utilization of traditional cytogenetic as well as evolving molecular methods was not only pivotal in the diagnosis of NF1 and management for this family, but is also pertinent to other patients with a family history of NF1.
A New Type of Supramolecular Fluid Based on H2O–Alkylammonium/Phosphonium Solutions
Authors: López‐Bueno Carlos , Herreros‐Lucas Carlos , Suárez‐Rodríguez Manuel , Bittermann Marius R. , Amigo Alfredo , Woutersen Sander , Giménez‐López María , Rivadulla Francisco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHere we show that by adjusting the concentration of tetrabutyl ammonium and phosphonium salts in water (≈1.5–2.0 m), hydrophobic solvation triggers the formation of a unique, highly incompressible supramolecular liquid, with a dynamic structure similar to clathrates, involving essentially all H2O molecules of the solvent. Despite the increasing local order, the thermal diffusivity, and compressibility of these supramolecular liquids is strongly decreased with respect to bulk water due to slower relaxation dynamics. The results presented in this paper open an avenue to design a new family of supramolecular fluids, stable under atmospheric conditions, which can find important technological applications in energy storage and conversion.
MeCP2: latest insights fundamentally change our understanding of its interactions with chromatin and its functional attributes
Authors: Vincent John B. , Ausió Juan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMethyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) was initially isolated as an exclusive reader of DNA methylated at CpG. This recognition site, was subsequently extended to other DNA methylated residues and it has been the persisting dogma that binding to methylated DNA constitutes its physiologically relevant role. As we review here, two very recent papers fundamentally change our understanding of the interactions of this protein with chromatin, as well as its functional attributes. In the first one, the protein has been shown to bind to tri‐methylated histone H3 (H3K27me3), providing a hint for what might turn out to be the first described chromodomain‐containing protein reader in the animal kingdom, and unequivocally demonstrates the ability of MeCP2 to bind to nonmethylated CpG regions of the genome. The second paper reports how the protein dynamically participates in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin condensates. Histone H3K27me3 is a critical component of this form of chromatin.
XCT 790 is a pharmacological aggrephagy inducer in a yeast model of proteotoxicity
Authors: Suresh S. N. , Jayaprakash Rao Monala , Manjithaya Ravi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAggrephagy is a selective autophagic degradation intracellular mechanism that clears toxic misfolded protein aggregates such as α‐synuclein. Here, we identify and demonstrate that the small molecule, XCT 790 alleviates α‐synuclein‐mediated adverse effects in a yeast model of proteotoxicity. XCT 790 induced general autophagy and also enhanced starvation‐induced autophagy. Mechanistically, we showed that XCT 790 clears toxic α‐synuclein aggregates in an autophagy‐dependent manner. Interestingly, XCT 790 did not demonstrate a synergistic effect on autophagy induction in the presence of another autophagy inducer such as 6‐Bio.
Not all lymphoid aggregates in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients are due to CLL!
Authors: Mahapatra Lily , Wang Tianjiao , Lee Yi‐Shan , Frater John L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and should be considered when examining bone marrow specimens to identify a potentially treatable pathogen.
A theory‐based examination of self‐care behaviours among psychologists
Authors: Wong Hou Jun , White Katherine M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study examined psychological, spiritual, physical/leisure and social self‐care behaviours among psychologists using a major model of predicting human behaviour, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The study used a mixed method approach with two stages of data collection. Psychologists (N = 200) completed an online questionnaire assessing TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention) and additional constructs of action planning, coping planning, peer and supervisor norms and organizational climate. Two weeks later, participants (n = 110) completed a follow‐up questionnaire assessing their self‐care behaviour. Results indicated general support for the standard TPB constructs in predicting self‐care intentions for psychologists and the additional construct of action planning mediated the intention‐behaviour relationship across most self‐care dimensions. Findings from the current research provide further understanding of the factors influencing self‐care engagement among psychologists and can be used to inform development of strategies to foster greater engagement in self‐care behaviour.
Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship study of O‐prenylated 3‐acetylcoumarins as potent inhibitors of soybean 15‐lipoxygenase
Authors: Zerangnasrabad Sara , Jabbari Atena , Khavari Moghadam Elahe , Sadeghian Hamid , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, the design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of a novel array of geranyloxy and farnesyloxy 3‐acetylcoumarins were reported as potent soybean 15‐lipoxygenase inhibitors. Among the prepared coumarins, 7‐farnesyloxy‐3‐acetylcoumarin (12b) was found to be the most potent inhibitor by IC50 = 0.68 μM while O‐geranyl substituents at positions 5 and 6 of 3‐acetylcoumarin (10a and 11a) were not inhibitors. Using docking studies, the binding affinity and the preferred pose of synthetic compounds were considered. It was found that lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and prenyl length chain were directly related. The hydrophobic cavity of the enzyme was more effectively occupied by the farnesyl moiety of the potent inhibitor 12b rather than other derivatives. Also, with this pose of farnesyl chain in 7‐farnesyloxy‐3‐acetylcoumarins, the acetyl group could be directed to the hydrophilic pocket in the active site.
Unsupervised cluster analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes reflects its geographic progression and identifies distinct genetic subgroups of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus
Authors: Hahn Georg , Lee Sanghun , Weiss Scott T. , Lange Christoph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver 10,000 viral genome sequences of the SARS‐CoV‐2virus have been made readily available during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic since the initial genome sequence of the virus was released on the open access Virological website (http://virological.org/) early on January 11. We utilize the published data on the single stranded RNAs of 11,132 SARS‐CoV‐2 patients in the GISAID database, which contains fully or partially sequenced SARS‐CoV‐2 samples from laboratories around the world. Among many important research questions which are currently being investigated, one aspect pertains to the genetic characterization/classification of the virus. We analyze data on the nucleotide sequencing of the virus and geographic information of a subset of 7640 SARS‐CoV‐2 patients without missing entries that are available in the GISAID database. Instead of modeling the mutation rate, applying phylogenetic tree approaches, and so forth, we here utilize a model‐free clustering approach that compares the viruses at a genome‐wide level. We apply principal component analysis to a similarity matrix that compares all pairs of these SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleotide sequences at all loci simultaneously, using the Jaccard index. Our analysis results of the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome data illustrates the geographic and chronological progression of the virus, starting from the first cases that were observed in China to the current wave of cases in Europe and North America. This is in line with a phylogenetic analysis which we use to contrast our results. We also observe that, based on their sequence data, the SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses cluster in distinct genetic subgroups. It is the subject of ongoing research to examine whether the genetic subgroup could be related to diseases outcome and its potential implications for vaccine development.
White matter hyperintensities induce distal deficits in the connected fibers
Authors: Liu Yanpeng , Xia Yiwei , Wang Xiaoxiao , Wang Yanming , Zhang Du , Nguchu Benedictor Alexander , He Jiajie , Wang Yi , Yang Lumeng , Wang Yiqing , Ying Yunqing , Liang Xiaoniu , Zhao Qianhua , Wu Jianjun , Liang Zonghui , Ding Ding , Dong Qiang , Qiu Bensheng , Cheng Xin , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are common in elderly individuals and cause brain network deficits. However, it is still unclear how the global brain network is affected by the focal WMH. We aimed to investigate the diffusion of WMH‐related deficits along the connecting white matters (WM). Brain magnetic resonance imaging data and neuropsychological evaluations of 174 participants (aged 74 ± 5 years) were collected and analyzed. For each participant, WMH lesions were segmented using a deep learning method, and 18 major WM tracts were reconstructed using automated quantitative tractography. The diffusion characteristics of distal WM tracts (with the WMH penumbra excluded) were calculated. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. We found that a high burden of tract‐specific WMH was related to worse diffusion characteristics of distal WM tracts in a wide range of WM tracts, including the forceps major (FMA), forceps minor (FMI), anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), cingulum cingulate gyrus (CCG), corticospinal tract (CST), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), superior longitudinal fasciculus‐parietal (SLFP), superior longitudinal fasciculus‐temporal (SLFT), and uncinate fasciculus (UNC). Furthermore, a higher mean diffusivity (MD) of distal tracts was linked to worse attention and executive function in the FMI, right CCG, left ILF, SLFP, SLFT, and UNC. The effect of WMH on the microstructural integrity of WM tracts may propagate along tracts to distal regions beyond the penumbra and might eventually affect attention and executive function.
Inequality in survival of people with head and neck cancer: Head and Neck 5000 cohort study
Authors: Ingarfield Kate , McMahon Alex D. , Hurley Katrina , Toms Stu , Pring Miranda , Thomas Steve J. , Waylen Andrea , Pawlita Michael , Waterboer Tim , Ness Andy R. , Conway David I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundExplanations for socioeconomic inequalities in survival of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients have had limited attention and are not well understood.MethodsThe UK Head and Neck 5000 prospective clinical cohort study was analyzed. Survival relating to measures of socioeconomic status was explored including area‐based and individual factors. Three‐year overall survival was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. All‐cause mortality was investigated via adjusted Cox Proportional Hazard models.ResultsA total of 3440 people were included. Three‐year overall survival was 76.3% (95% CI 74.9, 77.7). Inequality in survival by deprivation category, highest education level, and financial concerns was explained by age, sex, health, and behavioral factors. None of the potential explanatory factors fully explained the inequality associated with annual household income or the proportion of income of benefits.ConclusionThese results support the interventions to address the financial issues within the wider care and support provided to HNC patients.