bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reoperative Mitral Surgery Versus Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sengupta Aditya , Yazdchi Farhang , Alexis Sophia L. , Percy Edward , Premkumar Akash , Hirji Sameer , Bapat Vinayak N. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Tang Gilbert H. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Bioprosthetic mitral structural valve degeneration and failed mitral valve repair (MVr) have traditionally been treated with reoperative mitral valve surgery. Transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve (MVIV) and valve‐in‐ring (MVIR) replacement are now feasible, but data comparing these approaches are lacking. We sought to compare the outcomes of (1) reoperative mitral valve replacement (redo‐MVR) and MVIV for structural valve degeneration, and (2) reoperative mitral valve repair (redo‐MVr) or MVR and MVIR for failed MVr. A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up to July 31, 2020. Thirty‐two studies involving 25 832 patients were included. Redo‐MVR was required in ≈35% of patients after index surgery at 10 years, with 5% to 15% 30‐day mortality. MVIV resulted in >95% procedural success with 30‐day and 1‐year mortality of 0% to 8% and 11% to 16%, respectively. Recognized complications included left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (0%–6%), valve migration (0%–9%), and residual regurgitation (0%–6%). Comparisons of redo‐MVR and MVIV showed no statistically significant differences in mortality (11.3% versus 11.9% at 1 year,
P
=0.92), albeit higher rates of major bleeding and arrhythmias with redo‐MVR. MVIR resulted in 0% to 34% mortality at 1 year, whereas both redo‐MVr and MVR for failed repairs were performed with minimal mortality and durable long‐term results. MVIV is therefore a viable alternative to redo‐MVR for structural valve degeneration, whereas redo‐MVr or redo‐MVR is preferred for failed MVr given the suboptimal results with MVIR. However, not all patients will be candidates for MVIV/MVIR because anatomical restrictions may preclude transcatheter options from adequately addressing the underlying pathology.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Incidence, Mortality, and Association With Oral Anticoagulation Use
Authors: Fernando Shannon M. , Qureshi Danial , Talarico Robert , Tanuseputro Peter , Dowlatshahi Dar , Sood Manish M. , Smith Eric E. , Hill Michael D. , McCredie Victoria A. , Scales Damon C. , English Shane W. , Rochwerg Bram , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent epidemiological data on incidence, mortality, and association with oral anticoagulation are needed.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) with ICH in the entire population of Ontario, Canada (April 1, 2009–March 30, 2019). We captured outcome data using linked health administrative databases. The primary outcome was mortality during hospitalization, as well as at 1 year following ICH.

Results:

We included 20 738 patients with ICH. Mean (SD) age was 71.3 (15.1) years, and 52.6% of patients were male. Overall incidence of ICH throughout the study period was 19.1/100 000 person-years and did not markedly change over the study period. In-hospital and 1-year mortality were high (32.4% and 45.4%, respectively). Mortality at 2 years was 49.5%. Only 14.5% of patients were discharged home independently. Over the study period, both in-hospital and 1-year mortality reduced by 10.4% (37.5% to 27.1%,
P
<0.001) and 7.6% (50.0% to 42.4%,
P
<0.001), respectively. Use of oral anticoagulation was associated with both in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.37 [95% CI, 1.26–1.49]) and 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12–1.25]) following ICH.

Conclusions:
Both short- and long-term mortality have decreased in the past decade. Most survivors from ICH are likely to be discharged to long-term care. Oral anticoagulation is associated with both short- and long-term mortality following ICH. These findings highlight the devastating nature of ICH, but also identify significant improvement in outcomes over time.
Dogs Sleeping Inside Houses Less Frequently Exhibit Behaviors Commonly Associated with Separation Anxiety and Aggressiveness
Authors: Rossi Alexandre P. , dos Santos Cassia R. C. , Maia Caroline M. , Terzian Claudia C. B. , Predebon Deisy Fernanda , de Queiroz Juliana Sant’Ana C. , Bastos Marina Z. N. , Choinski Maurício , Melo de Assis Samantha R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study was used to evaluate whether the proximity of dogs to their human companions during sleep is associated with common problematic behaviors in canines, such as destroying objects, vocalizing excessively, urinating/defecating in inappropriate places (all when dogs are alone at home), and aggressive threats (growling or barking) and acts (biting) toward people. Over 60,000 dog keepers answered an online questionnaire that addressed where their dogs slept at night and the frequency with which they exhibited such behaviors. Except urinating/defecating in inappropriate places and biting people, other problematic behaviors were less frequent in dogs who slept inside the house. We conclude that dogs sleeping indoors (that is, closer to their keepers) less frequently exhibit aggressive threats and problematic behaviors that are commonly associated with separation anxiety.
Activism, Religious Studies, and Embodied Teaching in an Era of Rapid Climate Changes
Authors: LeVasseur Todd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article presents 29 theses, in the lineage of Bruce Lincoln’s theses on method, to help those teaching religion and nature navigate what it is to do such teaching in the context of the Anthropocene and global warming. With these in place it provides a dialogue between the educational theories of Paulo Freire and Jonathan “JZ” Smith. This dialogue helps to reflect upon the role of activism in the religion and nature classroom, given the 29 theses. A critique of higher education’s inability to quickly adapt to new planetary biogeochemical baselines is the container within which the dialogue and theses are articulated.
Temporary Housing and Unsettled Population: Drivers of Urban Change in Early Modern Marseille and Rome
Authors: Canepari Eleonora 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper argues that unsettled people, far from being “marginal” individuals, played a key role in shaping early modern cities. It does so by going beyond the traditional binary between rooted and unstable people. Specifically, the paper takes the temporary places of residence of this “unsettled” population – notably inns (garnis in France, osterie in Italy) – as a vantage point to observe social change in early modern cities. The case studies are two cities which shared a growing and highly mobile population in the early modern period: Rome and Marseille. In the first section, the paper focuses on two semi-rural neighborhoods. This is to assess the impact of mobility in shaping demographic, urbanistic, and economic patterns in these areas. Moving from the neighborhood as a whole to the individual buildings which composed it, the second section outlines the biographies of two inns: Rome’s osteria d’Acquataccio and Marseille’s hôtel des Deux mondes. In turn, this is to evaluate changes and continuities over a longer period of time.
Seeing Proof of Townsmen on the Move: Coats of Arms, Chivalric Badges, and Travel in the Later Middle Ages
Authors: Meer Marcus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the later Middle Ages, traveling to sacred places and foreign courts promised honor, not least to residents of cities keen to advance their status within and beyond urban society. But the symbolic capital promised by travel had to be rendered recognizable. To this end, the inhabitants of German-speaking cities also relied on coats of arms and badges of chivalric orders, as this essay will show by looking at travel accounts, visual sources, and material remains. Analogous to noble customs, these signs were meant to record the presence of townsmen abroad and to commemorate their achievements as travelers once back in their hometowns. From town houses and church decorations to conspicuous dress, the urban space was filled with visual reminders of spatial mobility displayed for the purpose of social mobility. As it becomes clear that contemporaries were acutely aware of travelers’ ambitions, the heraldic and para-heraldic communication of travel emerges as a prominent and at times contested element of urban visual and material culture.
Afterword
Authors: Nevola Fabrizio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This afterword reflects on how the concept of mobility offers a valuable framework for the analysis of individuals and groups moving into and within early modern urban environments, of the privileged sites of encounter and exchange for such movements, and of the physical trajectories of particular objects as they traverse and connect urban spaces of encounter. Particular attention is given to the material life of objects and how these both enabled and reveal the mobilities of the people and places they interacted with. Illustrated by a few examples drawn from Siena (Italy) in the early modern era, this contribution suggests that mobility can be said to be defined by the triangulation between objects, people, and places, where one or more element is subject to movement.
Coronavirus Pandemic and Contractual Justice: Legal Solutions and Realistic Approaches: A Study in Qatari Civil Law and Comparative Practices
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article examines challenges and proposes legal solutions for the enforcement of contracts especially after the transformation of the economy following Covid-19 and related governmental measures that have swept throughout the world since December 2019. Maximising the role of the judge and increasing the contractual parties’ involvement in phases of contractual disputes constitute the core of this research. This article argues for strengthening the contractual guarantees by advocating for the use of the two contract doctrines of force majeure that normally lead to termination of contractual obligations, and changed circumstances that may trigger intervention of the judge to lift the economic burden of the debtor and reach a fair solution. This article also argues for adopting a more flexible approach to the application of the doctrine of change of circumstances during the performance of the contract that not necessarily relies on this traditional distinction between force majeure and hardship.
The Excentric Film Project of Gotot Prakosa
Authors: Fagan Dylan M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article outlines the film practice of Gotot Prakosa (1955–2015), which he called film pinggiran (film of the edges, excentric film), and its relationships with the hegemony exerted by the Indonesian New Order government in the 1970s and 1980s. By examining Gotot’s film works and extensive reflections on film-making, this article elucidates the dual characteristic of film pinggiran as a spatial and theoretical principle that orientates an excentric drive in the production and circulation of film. The article suggests that the film practice realized both an analysis of, and contradiction to, New Order mass media infrastructures and superstructures, thus engendering an ideological strike on the reproduction of the hegemony of the New Order. Film pinggiran thus does not necessarily ‘push the boundary’ further away; instead, it makes the edge the manifest content itself.
Africa and the Decolonisation of State-Religion Policies
Authors: Ambani John Osogo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This volume in the Brill Research Perspectives in Comparative Discrimination Law addresses religion, the State and discrimination. The long history of state-religion interaction has yielded four main interface models: the religious state; the state with an established religion; the antireligious state; and the secular state. African states have drawn from these four models when struggling to manage state-religion relations. This volume argues that the African countries studied here, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda, apply the concept of state-secularism without having their triple heritage, which encompasses African religion, Islam and Christianity, in contemplation. This volume proposes that the best way to realise the full flowering of the triple heritage is to erect the three pillars of Charles Taylor’s definition of state-secularism, which in this case should entail i) the freedom to have and to manifest religious beliefs, ii) equal treatment of religion, and iii) and efforts toward an all-inclusive state identity.
Description of a new soft scale insect of the genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from India
Authors: TALUKDER BIPRADEB , DAS BIJAN KUMAR 
Published: March 2021

A new soft scale species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), Pulvinaria kalyaniensis Talukder & Das, sp. n., is described from specimens collected on twigs of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) from Kalyani, West Bengal, India. This new species is similar to P. aligarhensis Avasthi & Shafee and P. ixorae Green, but can be distinguished by different character states of dorsal areolations, submarginal tubercles, dorsal tubular ducts, the number of prevulvar setae and the number of loculi in each multilocular pore. An updated identification key to the species of Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti found in India is provided.
Associations between Lifetime Spanking/Slapping and Adolescent Physical and Mental Health and Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Fortier Janique , Stewart-Tufescu Ashley , Salmon Samantha , MacMillan Harriet L. , Gonzalez Andrea , Kimber Melissa , Duncan Laura , Taillieu Tamara , Davila Isabel Garces , Struck Shannon , Afifi Tracie O. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Many parents use physical forms of punishment, including spanking to correct perceived misbehavior. While some authors suggest spanking/slapping is a distinct and “milder” form of physical punishment, parents’ use of spanking is consistently associated with poor outcomes for their children. However, less is known about the relationship between spanking/slapping and health and behavioral outcomes in adolescence independent of other childhood adversities. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the associations between lifetime experiences of spanking on the bottom and/or slapping on the hand and 3 adolescent outcomes: (a) mental health disorders, (b) physical health conditions, and (c) defiant behaviors, after adjusting for other types of childhood adversities and child maltreatment. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the provincially representative 2014 Ontario Child Health Study ( N = 6,537 dwellings, response rate = 50.8%) were used. The current study focused on one selected child aged 14 to 17 years within a household ( n = 1,883) with data collected from the adolescent and the parent/caregiver. Logistic regression models were used to identify associations with lifetime experiences of spanking/slapping 3 or more times (vs. 0 to 2 times). Results: Lifetime spanking/slapping was independently associated with increased odds of mental health disorders, physical health conditions, and defiant behaviors in adolescence after adjusting for childhood adversities and child maltreatment (unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.29 to 2.19). Conclusions: These findings suggest that lifetime spanking/slapping is uniquely associated with harmful mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes in adolescence, and efforts should focus on its prevention.
The Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and/or Transcranial Doppler as Non-Invasive Markers of Cerebral Perfusion in Adult Sepsis Patients With Delirium: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wood Michael D. , Boyd J. Gordon , Wood Nicole , Frank James , Girard Timothy D. , Ross-White Amanda , Chopra Akash , Foster Denise , Griesdale Donald. E. G. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Several studies have previously reported the presence of altered cerebral perfusion during sepsis. However, the role of non-invasive neuromonitoring, and the impact of altered cerebral perfusion, in sepsis patients with delirium remains unclear. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies that used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and/or transcranial Doppler (TCD) to assess adults (≥18 years) with sepsis and delirium. From study inception to July 28, 2020, we searched the following databases: Ovid MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Results: Of 1546 articles identified, 10 met our inclusion criteria. Although NIRS-derived regional cerebral oxygenation was consistently lower, this difference was only statistically significant in one study. TCD-derived cerebral blood flow velocity was inconsistent across studies. Importantly, both impaired cerebral autoregulation during sepsis and increased cerebrovascular resistance were associated with delirium during sepsis. However, the heterogeneity in NIRS and TCD devices, duration of recording (from 10 seconds to 72 hours), and delirium assessment methods (e.g., electronic medical records, confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit), precluded meta-analysis. Conclusion: The available literature demonstrates that cerebral perfusion disturbances may be associated with delirium in sepsis. However, future investigations will require consistent definitions of delirium, delirium assessment training, harmonized NIRS and TCD assessments (e.g., consistent measurement site and length of recording), as well as the quantification of secondary and tertiary variables (i.e., Cox, Mxa, MAPOPT), in order to fully assess the relationship between cerebral perfusion and delirium in patients with sepsis.
Life Expectancy After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Cirrhosis
Authors: Kwak Ji Hun , Shavelle Robert , Brooks Jordan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Hepatocelluar carcinoma, the most common primary liver cancer, has a historically dire prognosis. For hepatic cancer patients with cirrhosis who underwent liver transplantation, we sought to calculate life expectancies both at time of transplant and several years later, stratified by some key variables, and to determine if survival has improved in recent years. Methods: Data on 13,797 hepatic cancer patients with cirrhosis who underwent liver transplantation in the MELD era (2002-2018) from the US Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model and life table methods. Results: The major factors related to survival were age, donor age, transplant year, diabetes, functional status, and the presence of severe hepatic encephalopathy. Survival was significantly worse with increasing age and decreasing functional status level. There was no significant difference in survival between males and females. Survival improved over the study period, at 5% per calendar year during the first 5 years post transplant, and 1% per year thereafter. Conclusions: Life expectancies were markedly reduced from normal, even among 5-year survivors with the most favorable characteristics. Survival improved modestly over the years 2002-2018.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading Increases With Pivot-Shift Mechanism During Asymmetrical Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes
Authors: Ueno Ryo , Navacchia Alessandro , Schilaty Nathan D. , Myer Gregory D. , Hewett Timothy E. , Bates Nathaniel A. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Frontal plane trunk lean with a side-to-side difference in lower extremity kinematics during landing increases unilateral knee abduction moment and consequently anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. However, the biomechanical features of landing with higher ACL loading are still unknown. Validated musculoskeletal modeling offers the potential to quantify ACL strain and force during a landing task. Purpose: To investigate ACL loading during a landing and assess the association between ACL loading and biomechanical factors of individual landing strategies. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirteen young female athletes performed drop vertical jump trials, and their movements were recorded with 3-dimensional motion capture. Electromyography-informed optimization was performed to estimate lower limb muscle forces with an OpenSim musculoskeletal model. A whole-body musculoskeletal finite element model was developed. The joint motion and muscle forces obtained from the OpenSim simulations were applied to the musculoskeletal finite element model to estimate ACL loading during participants’ simulated landings with physiologic knee mechanics. Kinematic, muscle force, and ground-reaction force waveforms associated with high ACL strain trials were reconstructed via principal component analysis and logistic regression analysis, which were used to predict trials with high ACL strain. Results: The median (interquartile range) values of peak ACL strain and force during the drop vertical jump were 3.3% (–1.9% to 5.1%) and 195.1 N (53.9 to 336.9 N), respectively. Four principal components significantly predicted high ACL strain trials, with 100% sensitivity, 78% specificity, and an area of 0.91 under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( P < .001). High ACL strain trials were associated with (1) knee motions that included larger knee abduction, internal tibial rotation, and anterior tibial translation and (2) motion that included greater vertical and lateral ground-reaction forces, lower gluteus medius force, larger lateral pelvic tilt, and increased hip adduction. Conclusion: ACL loads were higher with a pivot-shift mechanism during a simulated landing with asymmetry in the frontal plane. Specifically, knee abduction can create compression on the posterior slope of the lateral tibial plateau, which induces anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation. Clinical Relevance: Athletes are encouraged to perform interventional and preventive training to improve symmetry during landing.
Platelets as drivers of ischemia/reperfusion injury after stroke
Authors: Shaik Noor F. , Regan Raymond F. , Naik Ulhas P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, despite reperfusion either via thrombolysis or thrombectomy, stroke patients often suffer from lifelong disabilities. These persistent neurological deficits may be improved by treating the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that occurs following ischemic stroke. There are currently no approved therapies to treat I/R injury, and thus it is imperative to find new targets to decrease the burden of ischemic stroke and related diseases. Platelets, cell fragments from megakaryocytes, are primarily known for their role in hemostasis. More recently, investigators have studied the nonhemostatic role of platelets in inflammatory pathologies, such as I/R injury after ischemic stroke. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of how I/R can lead to platelet activation and how activated platelets, in turn, can exacerbate I/R injury after stroke. We will also discuss potential mechanisms by which platelets may ameliorate I/R injury.