bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observed parent–adolescent coalitions and family hostilities during family discussions: Associations with marital aggression
Authors: Ramos Michelle C. , Arbel Reout , Timmons Adela C. , Rodriguez Aubrey J. , Margolin Gayla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigated bidirectional associations between observed parent–youth coalitions—wherein one parent and a child align themselves against the other parent—and family hostilities as they evolved in real‐time during triadic family conflict discussions. Participants were 102 families with an adolescent child (50% girls, Mage = 15.3 years, SD = 0.8). Using time‐lagged, multilevel models, we tested immediate, temporal influences from hostility (within marital and mother–youth and father–youth relationships) to parent–youth coalitions and vice versa. Guided by sensitization theories, we also investigated whether a history of marital aggression moderated these links. Results indicated multiple concurrent links supporting the interconnectedness of cross generational coalitions and angry, critical exchanges within multiple family relationships. Moreover, time‐linked effects demonstrated that hostility within both the marital and parent–adolescent domains preceded subsequent coalitions, and also that coalitions preceded hostility, particularly in the parent–adolescent domain. Findings further demonstrated that marital aggression moderates temporal associations between fathers’ marital hostility and father–youth coalitions. These patterns highlight the dynamic links between hostilities and coalitions, how such patterns spill over across family subsystems, and how these two insidious influences in parents’ interactions with their adolescent youth may mutually reinforce each other. This study informs intervention efforts by identifying patterns and sequences of family hostilities surrounding parent–youth coalitions during adolescence.
Preventing child mental health problems in southeastern Europe: Feasibility study (phase 1 of MOST framework)
Authors: Jansen Elena , Frantz Inga , Hutchings Judy , Lachman Jamie , Williams Margiad , Taut Diana , Baban Adriana , Raleva Marija , Lesco Galina , Ward Cathy , Gardner Frances , Fang Xiangming , Heinrichs Nina , Foran Heather M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of child emotional and behavioral problems is an international problem but is higher in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) where there are often less mental health supports for families. Parenting programs can be an effective means of prevention, but must be low‐cost, scalable, and suitable for the local context. The RISE project aims to systematically adapt, implement, and evaluate a low‐cost parenting program for preventing/reducing child mental health problems in three middle‐income countries in Southeastern Europe. This small pre–post pilot study is informed by the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE‐AIM) framework and tested the feasibility of the intervention, the implementation, and evaluation procedures: Phase 1 of the three‐phase Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) for program adaptation. Local facilitators delivered the Parenting for Lifelong Health (PLH) for Young Children program to parents of children aged 2–9 in North Macedonia, the Republic of Moldova and Romania in 2018. Parents completed assessments pre‐ and post‐program. Results demonstrated positive pre–post change for participating families (N = 140) on various outcomes including child externalizing and internalizing symptoms and parenting behavior, in all three countries, all in the expected direction. Program participation was associated with positive outcomes in participating families. Based on the experiences of this pilot study, we outline the practical implications for the successful implementation of parenting programs in the three countries that will inform our next study phases, factorial experiment, and RCT.
Basal cell nevus syndrome: an update on clinical findings
Authors: Fernández Lucía T. , Ocampo‐Garza Sonia S. , Elizondo‐Riojas Guillermo , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBasal cell nevus syndrome, also known as Gorlin‐Goltz syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the hedgehog signaling pathway, mainly in PTCH1. This pathway is involved in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis, and the loss of function of PTCH1 protein produces an aberrant increase in the hedgehog signaling pathway activity. Basal cell nevus syndrome is characterized by tumor predisposition, particularly with the development of multiple basal cell carcinomas at an early age, along with odontogenic keratocysts, palmoplantar pits, skeletal abnormalities, and an increased risk of medulloblastoma. Diagnosis is clinical, with gene mutation analysis confirming the suspicion. The striking phenotypic variability of the syndrome may lead to a delayed diagnosis, making it an uncommon but important entity to recognize. A high index of suspicion and an early diagnosis is crucial for prevention, surveillance, and the prompt establishment of multidisciplinary medical care.
'You get this conflict between you as a person and you in your role…that changes you': A thematic analysis of how inpatient psychiatric healthcare staff in the UK experience restraint, seclusion, and other restrictive practices
Authors: Mooney Michelle , Kanyeredzi Ava 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA high proportion of psychiatric inpatients experience Restrictive Practice (RP) during admission. Numerous reports have highlighted adverse effects on patients and staff. However, qualitative research focussed on experience, impact, and coping mechanisms of healthcare staff in the UK is limited. Therefore, this study explored psychiatric healthcare staff experience of RP on inpatient wards in the UK. Eight semi‐structured, audio‐recorded interviews, of ~60 min, were conducted via telephone/Skype and transcribed verbatim. A critical realist epistemology was used to thematically analyse data. Three themes were identified: the coexistence of accountability, power and subjection; impacts on the individual and professional relationships, and coping with difficult experiences and emotions. Restrictive practice can negatively affect staff experience, working relationships, and wellbeing. Opportunities for support could mediate adverse effects. Future research could further explore coping mechanisms and organizational factors contributing to negative staff experiences.
Gingival bleeding on brushing as a sentinel sign of gingival inflammation: A diagnostic accuracy trial for the discrimination of periodontal health and disease
Authors: Deng Ke , Pelekos George , Jin Lijian , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the accuracy of self‐reported gingival bleeding on brushing (GBoB) for differentiating between periodontal health and disease and explore the optimal haemoglobin concentration that enables visual detection of GBoB.Materials and methodsSelf‐assessment of GBoB was conducted in supervised sessions for 408 consecutive adults. The haemoglobin levels in saliva/toothpaste slurry (TPS) were analysed, followed by a full‐mouth periodontal examination. Periodontal diagnoses were made based on the 2017 classification of periodontal diseases. Gingival inflammation was defined as presence of at least 10% of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP). Logistic regression and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analyses were applied to assess the accuracy of GBoB.ResultsOverall, 37.1% of the subjects claimed self‐reported GBoB, and they had higher values of BOP (median: 25.0%; interquartile range (IQR): 16.0%–37.5%) than those without GBoB (median: 13.5%; IQR: 8.0%–24.8%, p < .001). The concentration/total amount of haemoglobin in TPS was positively correlated with the number of bleeding sites (r = .409/r = .520, p < .001). Haemoglobin concentration of 90.58 μg/ml or 0.51 μl blood volume enabled visual detection of GBoB with an AUROC of 0.848. Self‐reported GBoB exhibited significantly increased values of diagnostic odds ratios (3–8) for varying degrees of gingival inflammation and periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis). It showed low to moderate accuracy for discriminating periodontitis and gingivitis from periodontal health, with a sensitivity of 37.1% and 61.3% and a specificity of 84.8% and 84.4%, respectively. Absence of self‐reported GBoB and low levels of haemoglobin had 93%–98% predictive values for periodontal health.ConclusionsDespite its low sensitivity for the discrimination of periodontitis, self‐reported GBoB is a promising sentinel sign for periodontal health and disease, and gingival inflammation in particular. It is visually detectable after minor blood loss. After validation in an independent population, identification of GBoB may promote earlier detection and better prevention and treatment of periodontal disease, thereby eventually reducing the global burden of the disease.
VX‐765 ameliorates renal injury and fibrosis in diabetes by regulating caspase‐1‐mediated pyroptosis and inflammation
Authors: Wen Si , Deng Fei , Li Lulu , Xu Li , Li Xin , Fan Qiuling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAs a lytic inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis has been recently described but has not been unequivocally elucidated in diabetic nephropathy (DN). VX‐765 is a safe and effective inhibitor of caspase‐1, that was well tolerated in a phase II clinical trial in patients with epilepsy, but its application in DN is still undefined.Materials and MethodsImmunoblot, co‐immunoprecipitation, confocal microscope and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effects of glucose on pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelia (HK‐2). In vitro, selective caspase‐1 inhibitors VX‐765 and Z‐YVAD‐FMK were administered. Pyroptosis and fibrogenesis were determined by immunoblot, ELISA, cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry. In vivo, diabetic mice were administered with 100 mg/kg VX‐765. Renal function, pathological changes, and the expressions of NLRC4, GSDMD, IL‐1β, collagen I, fibronectin and CD45 in renal cortex were evaluated.ResultsWe identified NLRC4 as a sensor for caspase‐1 activation. Moreover, we provided morphological and molecular evidence for pyroptosis in glucose‐stressed tubular cells, including ballooned cell membrane, caspase‐1 immunoreactivity, GSDMD cleavage, and the release of inflammatory cytokine and cellular contents. All these effects were prevented by treatment with VX‐765 or Z‐YVAD‐FMK, confirming that caspase‐1 effectively regulates the occurrence of pyroptosis in HK‐2 cells. In vivo, treatment of diabetic animals with VX‐765 ameliorated renal function, suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and pyroptosis‐associated protein expression, and mitigated tubulointerstitial fibrosis.ConclusionsThis work revealed that caspase‐1‐mediated pyroptosis drives renal inflammation and fibrosis in diabetes. Our results are the first demonstration of VX‐765 representing a promising therapeutic opportunity for alleviating the progression of DN.
Constraining the process of intracontinental subduction in the Austroalpine Nappes: Implications from petrology and Lu‐Hf geochronology of eclogites
Authors: Miladinova Irena , Froitzheim Nikolaus , Nagel Thorsten J. , Janák Marian , Fonseca Raúl O. C. , Sprung Peter , Münker Carsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐ and ultrahigh‐pressure rocks occur in the Austroalpine Nappes in a ~400 km long belt from the Texel Complex in the west to the Sieggraben Unit in the east. Garnet growth during pressure increase was dated using Lu‐Hf chronometry. The results range between c. 100 and 90 Ma, indicating a short‐lived period of subduction. Combined with already published data, our estimates of metamorphic conditions indicate a field gradient with increasing pressure and temperature from the northwest to the southeast, where the rocks experienced ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism. The P‐T conditions of the eclogites generally lie on the ‘warm’ side of the global range of subduction‐zone metamorphic conditions. The oldest Cretaceous eclogites (c. 100 Ma) are found in the Saualpe‐Koralpe area derived from widespread gabbros formed during Permian to Triassic rifting. In the Texel Complex garnets showing two growth phases yielded a Variscan‐Eoalpine mixed age indicating re‐subduction of Variscan eclogite‐bearing continental crust during the Eoalpine orogeny. Jurassic blueschist‐facies metamorphism at Meliata in the Western Carpathians and Cretaceous eclogite‐facies metamorphism in the Austroalpine are separated by a time gap of c. 50 Ma and therefore do not represent a transition from oceanic to continental subduction but rather separate events. Thus, we propose that subduction initiation was intracontinental at the site of a Permian rift.
Are fatty nuts a weighty concern? A systematic review and meta‐analysis and dose–response meta‐regression of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nishi Stephanie K. , Viguiliouk Effie , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Kendall Cyril W. C. , Bazinet Richard P. , Hanley Anthony J. , Comelli Elena M. , Salas Salvadó Jordi , Jenkins David J. A. , Sievenpiper John L. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryNuts are recommended for cardiovascular health, yet concerns remain that nuts may contribute to weight gain due to their high energy density. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to update the evidence, provide a dose–response analysis, and assess differences in nut type, comparator and more in subgroup analyses. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched, along with manual searches. Data from eligible studies were pooled using meta‐analysis methods. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2statistic). Certainty of the evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Six prospective cohort studies (7 unique cohorts,n = 569,910) and 86 RCTs (114 comparisons,n =5873) met eligibility criteria. Nuts were associated with lower incidence of overweight/obesity (RR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88 to 0.98]P < 0.001, “moderate” certainty of evidence) in prospective cohorts. RCTs presented no adverse effect of nuts on body weight (MD 0.09 kg, [95% CI −0.09 to 0.27 kg]P < 0.001, “high” certainty of evidence). Meta‐regression showed that higher nut intake was associated with reductions in body weight and body fat. Current evidence demonstrates the concern that nut consumption contributes to increased adiposity appears unwarranted.
Suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and event‐related potentials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gallyer Austin J. , Dougherty Sean P. , Burani Kreshnik , Albanese Brian J. , Joiner Thomas E. , Hajcak Greg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSuicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are thought to result from, at least in part, abnormalities in various neural systems. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) are a useful method for studying neural activity and can be leveraged to study neural deficits related to STBs; however, it is unknown how effective ERPs are at differentiating various STB groups. The present meta‐analysis examined how well ERPs can differentiate (a) those with and without suicidal ideation, (b) those with and without suicide attempts, (c) those with different levels of suicide risk, and (d) differences between those with suicide attempts versus those with suicidal ideation only. This meta‐analysis included 208 effect sizes from 2,517 participants from 27 studies. We used a random‐effects meta‐analysis using a restricted maximum likelihood estimator with robust variance estimation. We meta‐analyzed ERP‐STB combinations that had at least three effect sizes across two or more studies. A qualitative review found that for each ERP and STB combination, the literature is highly mixed. Our meta‐analyses largely did not find significant relationships between STBs and ERPs. We also found that the literature is likely severely underpowered, with most studies only being sufficiently powered to detect unrealistically large effect sizes. Our results provided little‐to‐no support for a reliable relationship between the ERPs assessed and STBs. However, the current literature is severely underpowered, and there are many methodological weaknesses that must be resolved before making this determination. We recommend large‐scale collaboration and improvements in measurement practices to combat the issues in this literature.
Introduction: Democratic Challenges of Differentiated (Dis)Integration
Authors: Kröger Sandra , Patberg Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this introduction, we set out what we consider the main current democratic challenges in the EU and, by extension, of differentiated (dis)integration (DI). The EU needs to strike a difficult balance between being an association of states and a supranational polity. As a result, it finds itself in a continuous search for an institutional design that may count as fully democratic. Finally, the EU increasingly suffers from populist and even autocratic challenges. While DI can contribute to some of these problems, it also carries the promise of constructive solutions. We highlight some of the special issue’s key insights with regard to the complex relation between democracy and DI.
Epilogue: A Note of Caution on Differentiated Integration
Authors: Kelemen R. Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis epilogue to the special issue of the Swiss Political Science Review on “Democratic Challenges of Differentiated (Dis)Integration” raises some notes of caution about differentiated integration in the European Union (EU). While the articles in this special issue identify challenges concerning differentiated integration, they generally view it in a positive light as a set of institutional arrangements that is likely to enhance the legitimacy and democratic accountability of the EU. This epilogue calls into question some of the main benefits widely associated with differentiated integration and emphasizes instead its dangers. The epilogue underlines some reasons why differentiated integration may be problematic from a democratic standpoint and explains why, if taken to an extreme, differentiated integration could even encourage the disintegration of the EU.
Organoid and Primary Epithelial Cultures of Human Prostate Show the Key Role of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Generation of Tissue-Specific Stromal Cells
Authors: Ryabov V. M. , Georgieva A. O. , Voskresensky M. A. , Komyakov B. K. , Rogoza O. V. , Grozov R. V. , Murazov Ya. G. , Prokhorov D. G. , Popov B. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The prostate gland (PG) is a small organ in the male reproductive system that is currently the focus of biomedical research due to its leading position in morbidity and mortality from the tissue-specific cancer prostate cancer (PC). The PG epithelium, which undergoes a cancerous transformation, is formed and functions under the control of androgens. At the beginning of the disease, epithelial cells produce an androgen receptor (AR) and are sensitive to androgen-deprivation therapy. However, such therapy inevitably leads to the transition of the disease to the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which manifests itself in metastasis and rapid mortality. In CRPC, the cells of the prostate epithelium change their phenotype, that may be associated with AR mutation and loss the sensitivity to specific therapy. The mechanism of PG phenotypic transformation may be hidden in the interaction and formation of the stromal and epithelial cells, which are evident during the establishment of the primary cultures. The aim of this study was to investigate the generation of human PG stromal cells in primary stromal and organoid cultures. We found that, in contrast to the rapid appearance and formation of a homogeneous population of mesenchymal cells in primary stromal cultures of most tissues, human PG cell cultures are formed initially from epithelial cells. They appear in the second week of cultivation and produce cytokeratins (CKs). A homogeneous population of mesenchymal cells producing vimentin is formed only at the end of the fourth week of cultivation. It is accompanied by the disappearance of epithelial cells. At the same time, some epithelial cells simultaneously produce CKs and vimentin. In PG organoid cultures, there is often a concomitant growth of epithelial, but not mesenchymal, cells on culture plastic. During the cultivation of epithelial cells arising from the organoid cultures, they, like the cells of the primary epithelium, exhibit the ability to spontaneous transformation into mesenchymal cells and simultaneously produce CKs and vimentin. Our data suggest that in primary and organoid PG cultures, stromal cells can be formed from epithelium due to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The tendency of PG epithelium toward spontaneous EMT may contribute to the mechanism of high sensitivity of prostate tissue to malignant transformation and metastasis. Understanding this mechanism may contribute to the development of effective antitumor therapy of prostate cancer.
Small-Diameter Vessels Reconstruction Using Cell Tissue-Engineering Graft Based on the Polycaprolactone
Authors: Yudintceva N. M. , Nashchekina Yu. A. , Shevtsov M. A. , Karpovich V. B. , Popov G. I. , Samusenko I. A. , Mikhailova N. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is widely applied for the construction of small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEGs) due to its biomechanical properties, slow degradation, and good biocompatibility. In the present study the TEG based on a tubular scaffold seeded with smooth muscle aortic cells (SMCs) in a rat abdominal aorta replacement model was tested. Polyester tubular scaffolds were generated by thermally induced phase separation and seeded with rat SMCs. To track the implanted SMCs in vivo, cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Histological evaluation of the migration of autologous endothelial cells (ECs) and formation of the endothelial lining was performed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after graft interposition. TEG demonstrated a high patency rate without any complications at the end of the 12-week period. The migration of ECs into the lumen of the implanted TEG and formation of the cell monolayer were already present at 4 weeks, as confirmed by histological analysis. The architecture of both neointima and neoadventitia were similar to those of the native vessel. SPION-labeled SMCs were detected throughout the TEG, indicating the role of these cells in the endothelization of scaffolds. The SMC-seeded scaffolds demonstrated improved patency and biointegrative properties when compared to the acellular grafts.