bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical Vibrations Effect on Forced convection heat transfer from a Longitudinal Finned Tube
Authors: Kadhim Saleem Khalefa , Ali Sinan Abdulghafar , Razak N F D , Sani M S M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thermal systems more efficient by emanating from industrial applications and space program galvanized interest in ways by increasing heat transfer is the system. The main aim of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effects of the vertical vibration and force convection on the average Nusselt number in a longitudinal finned tube. The finned tube was located inclined or horizontally in different angles of 0°, 30° and 45°. The effect of the excitation frequency covers below 16 Hz with various heat fluxes ranged from 500-1500 W/m2. It was noticed that the good agreement between the experimental measurement and the previous experimental studies with deviation of 5%. The results showed that average Nusselt number values at angle 45° from longitudinal finned tube were higher by up to 14%, 16% compared with the angles 30°, and 0°, respectively. Furthermore, it can be summarized that the vertical vibration significantly affects to the average Nusselt number from longitudinal finned tube cylinder and the influence on the heat transfer coefficient for this system should be considered.
Study of modal properties and crashworthiness performance of crash box numerical model with different joining modelling strategies
Authors: Abdullah N.A.Z. , Sani M.S.M. , Salwani M.S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is important to understand the natural frequencies and the mode shapes for automotive structure such as crash box as it will be subjected to the dynamic loading in its real application. In addition, it is also important to study other dynamic behaviour such as crash and buckling as crash box is one of energy absorbing member that is intended for car safety during collision. In this study, modal properties of three different crash box models joint by three different joint modelling strategies and also their crash and buckling behaviour was analysed and investigated. Computational frequency analysis, dynamic crash analysis and nonlinear buckling analysis was performed on all of crash box models. the crash box modelled with node equivalent method to represent the welded joint shows higher stiffness at the joining area and therefore shows higher value of natural frequencies that the model with CBEAM and CBAR elements as their joining elements. In term of crash behaviour, the model with CBEAM element shows higher reaction force compared to the CBEAM. This proves that different type of joint modelling strategies behaves differently.
Monitoring and Optimizing Solar Power Generation of Flat-Fixed and Auto-Tracking Solar Panels with IoT System
Authors: Husin Ku Azmie Ku , Adenam Norfatihah Mohd , Mat Yunin Muhamad Yuzaini Azrai , Wong Khairul Nizar Syazwan Wan Salihin , Hashim Siti Zaiton Mohd , Adli Hasyiya Karimah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the integration of recent digital technology of Internet of Things (IoT) with solar energy management was made to monitor real-time data of panel voltage (Vpv) and current (Ipv) of the solar panel. The solar panels were installed in Kelantan, Malaysia and this integrated solar power plant with IoT was developed with hardware setup and virtually tested to enhance the tracking behaviour of the proposed system. The comparison of different tilt angle of solar PV shows that solar PV facing the sun perpendicularly (45°) generated higher power generation compared to flat-fixed (0°). Whilst, by comparing fixed angle (45°) and auto tracking solar panel, the power generation recorded can reach up to double performance value (230 W) compared to 170 W generated from 45° fixed angle of solar PV. The IoT-based control of solar power significantly improves the performance of monitoring and maintenance of the power plant parameters with ease monitoring, cost-effectiveness and 24/7 remotely controlled.
Effects of Various Alcohol Blends on Performance and Emissions of Small Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel-20% Palm Oil Methyl Ester
Authors: Jalaludin Helmisyah Ahmad , Abdullah Nik Rosli , Roslee Muhammad Syafiq 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs a promising option of in improving alternative fuels, alcohol such as butanol, methanol, and ethanol can be used in diesel engine. However, there is lack of detailed investigation of the effects of variation addition of butanol, methanol, and ethanol with diesel-palm oil methyl ester (B20) on engine performance and emissions release. This study represents to fully evaluate the potential impact of addition butanol, methanol, and ethanol blended with B20 on engine performance and emissions released by single cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine at engine speeds of 2700, 3100, and 3500 rpm under load of 50%. The results of engine performance and emissions of 10ml ethanol, methanol and, butanol each blended with B20 are compared. Experimental results showed that the B20 + 10ml methanol has an advantage over diesel-biodiesel blend in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) which reduces about 10.42% at every different engine speed. Besides, the B20 + 10ml methanol has reduced the emission of Nitrogen Oxide, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Hydrocarbon by 27.84%, 14.28%, 5.19%, and 56.25%. In overall, the addition of 10ml methanol on B20 blend shows the most significance result for the engine performance and emissions at all test condition.
Experimental Determination of Water, Water/Ethylene Glycol and TiO2-SiO2 Nanofluids mixture with Water/Ethylene Glycol to Three Square Multilayer Absorber Collector on Solar Water Heating System: A Comparative Investigation
Authors: Fikri M A , Faizal W M , Adli H K , Bo Z , Jiang X X , Ramadhan A I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates three square multilayer absorber solar collector in Solar Water Heating System (SWHS) experimentally. The main aim was to study the output temperature of the solar absorber collector based on distilled water (DW), water/ethylene glycol (W/EG) and TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids. An experimental apparatus for testing absorber solar collector was designed and built at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (Jeli Campus). By using the two-step method, TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids with ratio 30:70 and volume concentration at 1.0%. For W/EG the ratio is 60:40. The effect working fluid was studied experimentally on the output temperature of three square multilayer absorber solar collector in SWHS with Angle of Sunlight (AoS) at 45°, volume flow rate at 3 litres per minute (LPM) and varies Intensity of Light (IoL) at 300, 500 and 700 W/m2. The output temperature is determined through the experimental results by using this apparatus. The result reveals that the output temperature of the solar absorber collector is TiO2- SiO2 nanofluids with 1.0% of volume concentration as a best working fluid at each intensity of light.
Optimization of Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark-Ignition (SI) Engine Fueled with Bioethanol-Gasoline Blends using TOPSIS Methodology
Authors: Baratian I , Yasar Muhammad , Najafi G , Ghobadian B , Zhang Bo , Jiang X X 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Energy crises and environment impact forced governments and countries to develop utilizing renewable energy in different forms. One of the first forms of alternative energy which was in use is bioethanol which is using in SI (spark ignition) engines as pure fuel or after blending with gasoline. The selection of proper blending of bioethanol plays an important role in the production of alternative energy. In this investigation, the use of TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to select the optimal value of the engine performance and exhaust pollutants which run at various bio-ethanol-gasoline fuel blends, namely E5, E10, E15 and E20. Obtained results indicate that performance parameters (i.e. torque, power) for different bioethanol-gasoline blends improved. It is evident from results that there is an increase in NOX as well Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission while UBHC and CO decreased. TOPSIS methods indicate that a mixture ratio equal to 20% (E20) and an engine speed equal to 3000 rpm were chosen to be optimal working condition.
Slowloris DoS Attack Based Simulation
Authors: Sabri Shima , Ismail Noraini , Hazzim Amir 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Denial of Service (DoS) attack is a type of cybercrime when an internet site is unavailable to be accessed by the user. The DoS attack is one of the popular attacks which can be launched by using a single machine and could take down many web servers by sending a lot of request to the server until it is disconnected. The objective of this paper is to simulate the launch and prevention against the DoS attack towards the website. The simulation of DoS attack is implemented by using ActivePerl Language and tested by using Slowloris DoS Attack. Both software shows a good combination of simulation program because it supports each other to exhaust the available connections on the servers. The result shows that the website connection is successfully unavailable to be accessed by legitimate user. In addition, the website still could not be served even clearing the cache of the browser. Finally, this paper discusses about future solution of DoS attack and recommendation for secure environment architecture.
Adhesion Strength of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) for Biomedical Application
Authors: Gunawarman  , Affi Jon , Sutanto Agus , Putri Dian Mustika , Juliadmi Dian , Nuswantoro Nuzul Ficky , Fajri Hidayatul , Tjong Djong Hon , Manjas Menkher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Implantation using titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI still has disadvantages, in particular, low osseointegration cause of less bioactive of the material. Hydroxyapatite was then applied as a coating material to increase the bioactivity and the osseonintegration as well. The Ti-6AL-4V ELI samples were coated with the hydroxyapatite using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method, with voltage variations of 5, 8 and 11 volts for 5 minutes and variations in deposition time for 5,8 and 11 minutes with voltage of 8 volt. Surface properties (coarseness, coating mass, thickness, and surface coverage) were then determined by using related equipments. Adhesion strength the HA layer was tested a cross-cut test method. The results showed that the EPD could be used properly to coat the Ti-6Al-4V ELI material with hydroxyapatite. Voltage and deposition time influence coating layer properties that is related to adhesion bonding of the layer on the metal surface. Applying the voltage of 8 volt for 5 minutes resulted in optimal surface properties with coating roughness of hydroxyapatite layer (Ra) as much as 0.88. The removed area after the cross-cut tape test is 2.25%, which means adhesion strength between the coating layer and the subtrate is high enough. A relatively high hydroxyapatite mass (0.3 mg), is covering the material surface with a surface coverage of 82.1%, and the average coating thickness is 73.3 μm. Such kind of coating layer characteristics could improve bioactivity, biocompatibility and thus enhancing osseonintegration capacity of prosthetic medical implants.
Simulation Modeling The Performance of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Cycle
Authors: Samsuri N , Sazali N , Jamaludin A S , Razali M N M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a foundation for an appealing renewable energy technology with regards to its vast and inexhaustible resources of energy, renewability, stability, and sustainable output. The principle of an OTEC power plant is to exploit the energy stored in between the upper layer of warm surface seawater (heat source), and the cold layer of deep seawater (heat sink). The plant operates based on a Rankine cycle to produce electricity between the source and the sink at the minimum temperature difference of approximately 20 K. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the proposed OTEC closed Rankine cycle using ammonia as the working fluid, to be paralleled with basic OTEC Rankine cycle. Preliminary simulation was performed at the initial stage of the study to validate the simulation model by referring to previous OTEC studies. The same developed model was deployed to test the efficiency of the proposed modified OTEC Rankine cycle, resulting in an enhancement in terms of thermal cycle performance from 3.43% to 7.98%. This study has revealed that the proposed OTEC closed Rankine cycle which introduced an interstage superheating as well as an improved condenser cooling system, augmented the system competence of an OTEC power cycle.
Vulnerability Assessment of Tsunami-Affected Inundated Area Using Geospatial Analysis Based Tsunami Run-Up Simulation
Authors: Febrina Rina , Afriani Lusmelia , Susilorini Rr M I Retno , Prastio Tri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A tsunami can cause considerable loss of life, extreme property damage and infrastructure destruction. A tsunami run-up simulation can be used to forecast wave generation caused by an earthquake. This study aims to assess the tsunami-affected inundated area on the west coast of Lampung province using geospatial analysis-based tsunami run-up simulation. The parameters used in the assessment were applied elevation and slope computed from Aster GDEM, coastline distance determined from a vector map and tsunami inundation obtained by Hills and Mader equation and vegetation density calculated from ALOS ANVIR-2 image. The AHP process was applied for weighing the parameter through a pair-wise comparison using four iterations of the normalised matrix. Five classes of vulnerability were defined and analysed for the tsunami inundation mapping. Weighted overlay through spatial analyst in GIS was used to draw the final map of tsunami vulnerability. The assessment result indicates that 11.26 square kilometre of the study area falls under the high tsunami vulnerability zone and 6.6 square kilometres of the building area comes under the inundation area. The results presented in this study may facilitate improvements in basic data for city planning related to evacuation processes and management strategies during disasters.
Implementing Student Attendance System Using Fingerprint Biometrics for Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech Mara
Authors: Lamin N Zakiah , Jusoh W N Asnida Wan , Zainudin Juanita , Samad Hafiza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecording students’ attendance has been a major concern at Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech Mara. However, monitoring the attendance manually is a cumbersome issue to lecturers as students tend to manipulate the attendance by signing each other’s attendance. It has been found that fingerprint biometrics is capable to monitor the attendance systematically and efficiently. The aim of this study is to verify the students’ attendance using fingerprint biometrics. Evolutionary prototyping model were used to develop the students’ attendance system. Students are required to thumbprint using the fingerprint device installed in the classroom to record the students’ attendance. Their fingerprint images were captured by the fingerprint device and the images were then registered to the server for attendance process. The implementation of fingerprint biometric has helped lecturers to monitor the attendance of the students more systematic, efficient and ethically. By using the system embedded with biometrics, reporting on absenteeism is genuine and easy. Lecturers just need to print out and do necessary action. Therefore, fingerprint biometrics is useful and helpful in keeping track and managing the attendance of the students.
Performance of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Closed Rankine Cycle Using Different Working Fluids
Authors: Samsuri N , Sazali N , Jamaludin A S , Razali M N M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a foundation for an appealing renewable energy technology regarding its vast and inexhaustible resources of energy, renewability, stability, and sustainable output. The principle of an OTEC power plant is to exploit the energy accumulated in between the top layer of warm surface seawater (heat source), and the cold layer of deep seawater (heat sink). The plant operates based on a Rankine cycle to produce electricity between the source and the sink at the smallest temperature difference of approximately 20 K. In an OTEC power plant, a commonly utilized working fluid is ammonia since its qualities are suitable for the OTEC cycle. Nevertheless, ammonia poses certain potentially lethal health risks and hazardous fluid. Hence, the effect of the working fluid types, and the subsequent operation conditions may be critical and therefore become the subject of this study. The analysed working fluids, including that of ammonia, are ammonia-water mixture (0.9), propane, and refrigerants (R22, R32, R134a, R143a, and R410a). The results revealed that ammonia-water mixture showed the highest network performance and reliability. Even so, it is essential to continue seeking the suitable working fluids which are safe and economically effective to replace ammonia.
The Implementation of Electronic Voting System for Student Representation Council using reCAPTCHA
Authors: Salleh Amirul Asyraf Khairul , Kadir Harlinawati Abdul , Ahmad Aslimariah , Yusof Mohd Azahari Mohd 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The electronic voting system (E-voting System) is a web-based application that enables voters to record safe and confidential votes electronically. This research aims to develop an E-Voting System by exploiting the ‘reCAPTCHA’ security component for a private international college. The Waterfall Model is deemed the most suitable to be used after data was gathered prior to developing the system and it is also considered simple to be employed. The functional testing was conducted with thirty students and results revealed that 63% of the respondents are in agreement that the traditional voting system should be supplanted with electronic voting system, especially to cut down the time in the voting process. Ultimately, the system developed demonstrated that it efficient, reliable and displayed transparency in the E-voting System.
Cutting Forces and Flank Wears Analysis for End Mill Processes Using HSS Tools Cryogenic Treatment When Cutting PFRP Material
Authors: Ridwan F , Noerhamzah D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to characterize the wear and cutting forces of cryogenically treated and non-treated high-speed steel (HSS) tools when milling PFPR work piece. Pineapple fibre mixed with unsaturated polyester resin was prepared for the work piece. While three levels of cryogenic treatment were applied to the HSS tools with time immersion parameters in liquid nitrogen and time duration. The end mill process using the tools was applied to examine wear and cutting forces. Significant improvement of flank wear ensued on the first tool variation with average flank wear of 90 μm where the tool was treated cryogenically with the immersion of 48 hours and raising the heat up to 150o then normalized and repeating twice. Severe flank wears arisen on a non-treated cryogenic tool with 115 μm. The axial force, cutting force, and thrust force the tool variation varied in the range of 0.4 N to 2.5 N, 40 N to 210 N, 5 N to 28 N, respectively. It can be concluded that cryogenic treatment on HSS employing cryogenic treatment on the first variation of the tool is recommended to be applied in workshops.
Design of indenter rig for measuring seat cushion dynamic stiffness
Authors: Hassan AM , Rezali KAM , Abdul Jalil NA , As’arry A , Azizan MA 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vibration induced on the car floor is transmitted to human body through seat structure, affecting both comfort and health. Seat structure components are mainly comprised of rigid frame and seat cushion. Previous studies have shown and suggested that the indenter is preferable option for replacing human subject in seat vibration experimental work when assessing the seat cushion dynamic characteristics. Indenter method offers more control, cheaper and less time intensive compare to other methods such as passive dummies, sandbag, and rigid mass. This paper proposes a design of indenter testing rig to measure the dynamic stiffness of seat cushion material. The rig was designed to operate at frequencies between 2 to 100 Hz and applied load of maximum 50 kg. The size of bed is proposed to be able to fit the size of standard sedan car seat. Modal analysis was conducted on indenter rig structure design to ensure the suitability of the design. Structural frame was designed to fit the mounting of the shaker used in this study. Six modes shapes were extracted from the modal analysis and its corresponding frequencies ranging from (121.63Hz – 507.3Hz). The lowest natural frequency for the proposed design of indenter testing rig occurs in the first mode of vibration with peak displacement of 174.04mm. From this result, it can be concluded that the proposed design met the criteria set and produces a fundamental frequency of greater than the operating range of the rig.
Nanovoids in fracture surface of unsaturated polyester/vinyl ester blends resulting from disruption of the cross-linking of the polymer chain networks
Authors: Abral Hairul , Fajrul Rahmat , Mahardika Melbi , Handayani Dian , Sugiarti Eni , Muslimin Ahmad Novi , Rosanti Santi Dewi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A weakness of unsaturated polyester is brittle due to the cross-linking of the UP chain network. Improving the toughness may be carried out by blending with appropriate additives. This work aims to characterize the fracture surface of unsaturated polyester (UP)/vinyl ester (VE) blends with a ratio of 70% and 30% respectively. Addition of VE in UP increases the toughness of the blends resulting from disruption of the cross-linking of the UP chain network. The disrupted network was characterized by the FESEM morphology from fracture surface of the blend which exhibits three different regions i.e., the smooth zone corresponding to the slow crack growth rate (1); a transition zone, where the surface roughness steadily increases (2); a final failure zone with much rougher marks (3). The presence of more nanovoids in region 2 and 3 confirmed the bigger disruption of the crosslinking in UP networks increasing UP chain mobility and toughness of the blends. The nanovoids result in a dimpled appearance of the fracture surface and become points of high-stress concentration from which cracks can initiate. When subjected to a sudden load, many cracks can grow simultaneously forming beach marks where the cleavage from several cracks meets.