bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manual Therapy in Preadolescent Children: A Delphi Investigation of Physical Therapists in the United States
Authors: Dice Jenifer L , Dendy Doug , Sizer Phillip S , Cook Chad E , Feuling Sara , Brismée Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Limited research has investigated the use of manual therapy to treat the preadolescent (0–12 years of age) population with musculoskeletal and neurological impairments. The purpose of this study was to identify the following among physical therapists holding advanced credentials in pediatrics, neurodevelopmental treatment, or manual therapy: (1) consensus regarding effective techniques in the preadolescent population, (2) differences in opinion, and (3) perceived decision-making barriers and factors regarding use of manual therapy techniques.

Methods
Credentialed physical therapists in the United States were recruited for a 3-round Delphi investigation. An electronic survey in Round 1 identified musculoskeletal and neurological impairments and the manual techniques considered effective to treat such conditions, in addition to factors and barriers. Responses were used to create the second round, during which a 4-point Likert scale was used to score each survey item. A third round of scoring established consensus. Descriptive statistics and composite scores were calculated for each manual technique by impairment. Between-group differences were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction.

Results
Consensus was determined for several concepts. First, neuromuscular techniques were considered effective across all impairments, and joint mobilizations (grades I–IV) were believed to be effective to treat joint and muscle and myofascial impairments. Second, visceral manipulation and craniosacral therapy were considered ineffective in treating most impairments. There was lack of consensus and clear differences of opinion regarding the use of grade V mobilizations and dry needling. Significant barriers to use of manual therapy were: lack of knowledge, lack of evidence, and fear of litigation and harming patients.

Conclusion
This study is an initial step for developing manual therapy guidelines, research, and educational opportunities regarding manual therapy in pediatric physical therapy.
Towards Evaluating the Research Impact made by Universities of Applied Sciences
Authors: Coombs Sarah K , Meijer Ingeborg 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Given the mandate of Universities of Applied Sciences (UASs) to create an impact on society, the evaluation of their research impact is of great importance. And yet, the methodology for evaluating this impact appear less explicitly in research literature then other forms of research. The purpose of this article is to present a literature-based analysis to discover from the complex world of existing theories and frameworks what criteria, assumptions and requirements are relevant for evaluating the impact of applied research. This article will also discuss the relevancy of frameworks currently used for research impact evaluation and the potential they have for operationalising, enriching and supporting the current national evaluation framework used by Dutch UASs. Finally, this article will conclude that the recommendations necessitate the creation of a new framework where the context and process of practice-based research and their stakeholders are included.
Exports vs. investment: How political discourse shapes popular support for external imbalances
Authors: Ferrara Federico Maria , Stefan Haas Jörg , Peterson Andrew , Sattler Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe economic imbalances that characterize the world economy have unequally distributed costs and benefits. That raises the question of how countries could run long-term external surpluses and deficits without significant opposition against the policies that generate them. We show that political discourse helps to secure public support for these policies and the resulting economic outcomes. First, a content analysis of 32 000 newspaper articles finds that the dominant interpretations of current account balances in Australia and Germany concur with very distinct perspectives: external surpluses are seen as evidence of competitiveness in Germany, while external deficits are interpreted as evidence of attractiveness for investments in Australia. Second, survey experiments in both countries suggest that exposure to these diverging interpretations has a causal effect on citizens’ support for their country’s economic strategy. Political discourse, thus, is crucial to provide the societal foundation of national growth strategies.
Not Seeing Like a State: Mandated Reporting, State-Adjacent Actors and the Production of Illegible Subjects
Authors: Greenberg Max A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious scholarship has described how the state “sees” subjects and is itself seen, but has not adequately considered the unfolding interactional dynamics through which subjects become legible or not. This article devises an analytical approach to the micro-dynamics of legibility. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data from violence prevention programs in Los Angeles high schools, the author examines the street-level enactment of third-party mandated reporting, which tasks state-adjacent actors with reporting when a student discloses harm. While the delegation of reporting broadens the state’s horizon of visibility, it also disrupts taken for granted mechanisms of state legibility and perception. This study maps a sequence of micro-level dynamics through which illegible subjects are produced. First, third-party mandated reporters distanced themselves from the visible marks of the state in interactions with young people and presented themselves using markers of interpersonal connection. Second, students applied pre-existing situational definitions of interactions with non-state adults, opening up space for accounts of harm to emerge. Finally, facilitators produced illegibility as they discouraged young people from engagement with the state and trained them in interactional strategies of vagueness and de-personalization to make their harm illegible to policy mechanisms.
Application of Bayesian networks to the prediction of the AMEn: a new methodology in broiler nutrition
Authors: Alvarenga Tatiane C , Lima Renato R , Bueno Filho Júlio S S , Simão Sérgio D , Mariano Flávia C Q , Alvarenga Renata R , Rodrigues Paulo B 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDesigning balanced rations for broilers depends on precise knowledge of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and the chemical composition of the feedstuffs. The equations that include the measurements of the chemical composition of the feedstuff can be used in the prediction of AMEn. In the literature, there are studies that obtained prediction equations through multiple regression, meta-analysis, and neural networks. However, other statistical methodologies with promising potential can be used to obtain better predictions of energy values. The objective of the present study was to propose and evaluate the use of Bayesian networks (BN) to the prediction of the AMEn values of energy and protein feedstuffs of vegetable origin used in the formulation of broiler rations. In addition, verify that the predictions of energy values using this methodology are the most accurate and, consequently, are recommended to Animal Science professionals area for the preparation of balanced feeds. BN are models that consist of graphical and probabilistic representations of conditional and joint distributions of the random variables. BN uses machine learning algorithms, being a methodology of artificial intelligence. The bnlearn package in R software was used to predict AMEn from the following covariates: crude protein, crude fiber, ethereal extract, mineral matter, as well as food category, i.e., energy (corn, corn by-products, and others) or protein (soybean, soy by-products, and others) and the type of animal (chick or cockerel). The data come from 568 feeding experiments carried out in Brazil. Additional data from metabolic experiments were obtained from the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) – Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The model with the highest accuracy (mean squared error = 66529.8 and multiple coefficients of determination = 0.87) was fitted with the max-min hill climbing algorithm (MMHC) using 80% and 20% of the data for training and test sets, respectively. The accuracy of the models was evaluated based on their values of mean squared error, mean absolute deviation, and mean absolute percentage error. The equations proposed by a new methodology in avian nutrition can be used by the broiler industry in the determination of rations.
Physical activity and healthy eating behavior changes among rural women: an exploratory mediation analysis of a randomized multilevel intervention trial
Authors: Lo Brian K , Graham Meredith L , Folta Sara C , Strogatz David , Parry Stephen A , Seguin-Fowler Rebecca A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rural women experience disproportionately higher levels of obesity in comparison to their non-rural counterparts. The present exploratory mediation analysis sought to identify mechanisms that might have contributed to rural women’s physical activity and diet changes after participating in a 6-month multilevel community-randomized trial: Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities (SHHC). SHHC was conducted in 16 rural towns in Montana and New York, between 2015 and 2016; 194 overweight, sedentary midlife, and older women (mean age 59; 26.8% overweight; 73.2% obese) participated. Participants in eight towns received the SHHC intervention (n = 101), which focused on healthy behavior change at the individual level as well as creating supportive social and built environments for physical activity and healthy eating. Participants in the other eight towns received an education-only control intervention (n = 93). We investigated the direct and indirect effects of the SHHC intervention through changes to self-efficacy, social support, and built environment perception, on changes in participants’ physical activity and diet. Compared to the controls, SHHC intervention participants increased their social support from friends for physical activity (p = 0.009) and healthy eating (p = 0.032). Participants’ improved social support from friends marginally mediated the intervention effects for walking metabolic equivalent minutes per week, explaining 40.5% of the total effect (indirect effect = +45.24, 95% CI: –1.51, +91.99; p = 0.059). Increasing social support from friends appears to be helpful in encouraging rural women to become more active. Further investigations are needed to better understand how multilevel interventions work in rural communities.
Genetic or Toxicant-Induced Disruption of Vesicular Monoamine Storage and Global Metabolic Profiling inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Bradner Joshua M , Kalia Vrinda , Lau Fion K , Sharma Monica , Bucher Meghan L , Johnson Michelle , Chen Merry , Walker Douglas I , Jones Dean P , Miller Gary W 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe proper storage and release of monoamines contributes to a wide range of neuronal activity. Here, we examine the effects of altered vesicular monoamine transport in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The gene cat-1 is responsible for the encoding of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) in C. elegans and is analogous to the mammalian vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Our laboratory has previously shown that reduced VMAT2 activity confers vulnerability on catecholamine neurons in mice. The purpose of this article was to determine whether this function is conserved and to determine the impact of reduced VMAT activity in C. elegans. Here we show that deletion of cat-1/VMAT increases sensitivity to the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as measured by enhanced degeneration of dopamine neurons. Reduced cat-1/VMAT also induces changes in dopamine-mediated behaviors. High-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the whole organism reveals changes in amino acid metabolism, including tyrosine metabolism in the cat-1/VMAT mutants. Treatment with MPP+ disrupted tryptophan metabolism. Both conditions altered glycerophospholipid metabolism, suggesting a convergent pathway of neuronal dysfunction. Our results demonstrate the evolutionarily conserved nature of monoamine function in C. elegans and further suggest that high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics can be used in this model to study environmental and genetic contributors to complex human disease.
The Use of Clinically Measurable Cochlear Parameters in Cochlear Implant Surgery as Indicators for Size, Shape, and Orientation of the Scala Tympani
Authors: Schurzig Daniel , Timm Max E. , Majdani Omid , Lenarz Thomas , Rau Thomas S. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
(1) To assess variations of the human intracochlear anatomy and quantify factors which might be relevant for cochlear implantation (CI) regarding surgical technique and electrode design. (2) Search for correlations of these factors with clinically assessable measurements.

Design:
Human temporal bone study with micro computed tomography (μCT) data and analysis of intracochlear geometrical variations: μCT data of 15 fresh human temporal bones was generated, and the intracochlear lumina scala tympani (ST) and scala vestibuli were manually segmented using custom software specifically designed for accurate cochlear segmentation. The corresponding datasets were processed yielding 15 detailed, three-dimensional cochlear models which were investigated in terms of the scalae height, cross-sectional size, and rotation as well as the interrelation of these factors and correlations to others.

Results:
The greatest anatomical variability was observed within the round window region of the cochlea (basal 45°), especially regarding the cross-sectional size of the ST and its orientation relative to the scala vestibuli, which were found to be correlated (p < 0.001). The cross-sectional height of the ST changes substantially for both increasing cochlear angles and lateral wall distances. Even small cochleae were found to contain enough space for all commercially available CI arrays. Significant correlations of individual intracochlear parameters to clinically assessable ones were found despite the small sample size.

Conclusion:
While there is generally enough space within the ST for CI, strong intracochlear anatomical variations could be observed highlighting the relevance of both soft surgical technique as well as a highly flexible and self-adapting cochlear implant electrode array design. Cochlear dimensions (especially at the round window) could potentially be used to indicate surgically challenging anatomies.
Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates breast cancer progression by targeting CCND2 and YBX3
Authors: Qin Hai-Long , Wang Xue-Jun , Yang Bi-Xian , Du Bin , Yun Xue-Lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy with highly female incidence. So far the function of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), the extract from Panax notoginseng, has not been clearly elucidated in BC.

Methods:
Optimal culture concentration and time of NGR1 were investigated by cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell proliferation ability was measured by colony formation assays. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of NGR1 on cell migration and invasion. The apoptosis rate of cells between each group was measured by TUNEL assay.

Results:
NGR1 treatment has an inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and a stimulating effect on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. The 50% growth inhibitory concentration for MCF-7 cells at 24 h was 148.9 mmol/L. The proportions of MCF-7 cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase were 36.94±6.78%, 45.06±5.60%, and 59.46±5.60% in the control group, 75, and 150 mmol/L groups, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed that NGR1 treatment attenuates BC progression by targeted downregulating CCND2 and YBX3 genes. Additionally, YBX3 activates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway by activating kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene, which is an activator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that NGR1 can act as an efficacious drug candidate that targets the YBX3/PI3K/Akt axis in patients with BC.
Intraoperative Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring in Flap-Based Breast Reconstruction: Does It Change Outcomes?
Authors: Dekker Paige K. , Noe Niki , Bekeny Jenna C. , Lavin Christopher , Zolper Elizabeth G. , Song David H. , Fan Kenneth L. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Despite the lack of guidelines regarding the use of intra-arterial lines in postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR), they continue to be used in this setting. In this study of patients undergoing PMBR, we aimed to (1) identify factors associated with intra-arterial line placement, (2) analyze the correlation between intra-arterial monitoring and noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring, and (3) investigate whether hemodynamic management differs significantly between patients undergoing intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring versus NIBP.

Methods:
All patients undergoing flap-based PMBR between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were pair-matched based on flap donor site, BMI, and age to identify factors associated with intra-arterial line placement. Methods described by Bland and Altman
1
were utilized to determine agreement between intra-arterial line measurements and NIBP.

Results:
Thirty-two patients were included with 16 patients in the intra-arterial line group and 16 in the NIBP group. None of the factors studied were significantly related to the likelihood of intra-arterial line placement. Agreement analysis demonstrated that mean arterial pressures calculated from intra-arterial line readings were as much as 23 points lower or 12 points higher than those from NIBP. Bias calculations with this extent of difference suggest poor correlation between intra-arterial line readings and NIBP. There was no difference between groups in rate of administration of blood-pressure altering medications (hypertensive: n = 3, 18.8%, P = 1.000; hypotensive: n = 7, 3.8%, P = 1.000).

Conclusion:
Our findings highlight the need for more definitive guidance regarding the use of intra-arterial monitoring in patients undergoing PMBR.
The Cost of Applying to Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency
Authors: Sarac Benjamin A. , Rangwani Shiva M. , Schoenbrunner Anna R. , Drolet Brian C. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Integrated plastic surgery remains one of the most competitive specialties within the National Resident Matching Program. Although the burden of applying to surgical residencies has been studied, the literature lacks data specific to integrated plastic surgery applicants. This study reports the current total cost, along with the outcomes of applying to and interviewing for integrated plastic surgery residency.

Methods:
A survey was sent to applicants in the 2018–2020 integrated plastic surgery application cycles. Survey questions focused on applicant demographics and home medical school characteristics, application processes, interview attendance, interview cost, and applicant financing. Comparative and regression analyses were performed on survey responses.

Results:
The survey was distributed to 493 applicants. An estimated 245 (49.7%) applicants responded. On average, applicants applied to 68.3 ± 16.4 (mean ± SD) programs, received 17.6 ± 11.4 interview invites, and attended 12.6 ± 5.7 of the interviews they received. On average, each applicant spent a total of $6690 ± $4045 during the interview season, with individual interviews costing $531. Residency programs providing financial assistance supplemented $73 ± $64 per interviewee, corresponding to 13.7% of per-interview cost. To cover costs, 33.8% of applicants sought additional funding, and 30.7% of applicants stated that they had supplemental income, with an average monthly supplemental income of $1971 ± $1558.

Conclusions:
This study quantifies the recent total and per-interview cost of applying to integrated plastic surgery residency. It also identifies the importance of cost to applicants and how the cost burden of residency applications is supported.
Four Lessons Learned from Complications in Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstructions and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Vieira Luís , Isacson Daniel , Dimovska Eleonora O. F. , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Andres 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Free flap reconstruction in the head and neck region is a complex field in which patient comorbidities, radiation therapy, tumor recurrence, and variability of clinical scenarios make some cases particularly challenging and prone to devastating complications. Despite low free flap failure rates, the impact of flap failure has enormous consequences for the patients.

Methods:
Acknowledging and predicting high risk intra- and postoperative situations and having planned strategies on how to deal with them can decrease their rate and improve the patient’s reconstructive journey.

Results:
Herein, the authors present 4 examples of significant complications in complex microvascular head and neck cancer reconstruction, encountered for the last 10 years: compression and kinking of the vascular pedicle, lack of planning of external skin coverage in osteoradionecrosis, management of the vessel-depleted neck, and vascular donor site morbidity after fibula harvest.

Conclusion:
The authors reflect on the causes and propose preventative strategies in each peri-operative stage.
Neosagittal Suture Formation after Endoscopic Sagittal Strip Craniectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rochlin Danielle H. , Mittermiller Paul A. , Menard Robert M. 
Published: January 2021

Summary:
The fate of the excised synostotic suture in craniosynostosis remains relatively understudied. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of neosagittal suture formation following endoscopic excision of a pathology-proven synostotic suture, with CT demonstration of complete reossification in the areas adjacent to the neosagittal suture. We additionally review the existing literature on neosuture formation that has been published over the past 50 years. We conclude that continued investigation is warranted, both through histological comparison of normal and neosutures and through studies to determine clinical risk factors, as this may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism of pathologic premature suture fusion in craniosynostosis.