bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental features of the canid proximocaudal femur
Authors: Lawler Dennis F. , Tangredi Basil P. , Owens Jerry M. , Widga Christopher C. , Martin Terrance J. , Kohn Luci A.‐P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe continued direct morphological studies of the canid coxofemoral joint, considering early‐life spatial relationships around the locus of the proximocaudal joint capsule insertion. Our primary goal was to elucidate the postnatal developmental gross anatomy of the proximocaudal femur, among juveniles across Canidae. From an original database of 267 independent (museum) specimens from 11 canid taxa and 1 hybrid taxon, we identified 29 ancient or modern candidate juvenile specimens (nine taxa and one hybrid taxon). Based on optimal ability to recognize landmarks, the best photographic data were categorized into five groups of four each (n = 20). The data groups approximated early juvenile, early‐mid juvenile, mid‐juvenile, mid‐late juvenile; and young adult stages. In this descriptive photographic essay, we demonstrate the developmental spatial proximity among (a) the dorsal meeting of the respective lateral and medial extensions from the growth centers of the femoral head and greater trochanter; (b) the caudodorsal aspect of the coxofemoral joint capsule attachment; (c) a segment of the proximocaudal femoral shaft physis; and (d) an eventual associated mineralized prominence. The latter occurs frequently but not universally, suggesting natural population variability across taxa. Across taxa and juvenile age categories, the morphology thus supports developmental conservation among ancient and modern Canidae. The biomechanical and biological cause‐effect implications are not yet clear. For zoological purposes, we apply the term postdevelopmental mineralized prominence to the residual caudolateral surface feature. We extend the original anatomical work of Morgan in zoological and phylogenic arenas, using direct observation of cleared skeletal specimens.
Shift to emergency remote preclinical medical education amidst the Covid‐19 pandemic: A single‐institution study
Authors: Nikas Ilias P. , Lamnisos Demetris , Meletiou‐Mavrotheris Maria , Themistocleous Sophia C. , Pieridi Chryso , Mytilinaios Dimitrios G. , Michaelides Constantinos , Johnson Elizabeth O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic disrupted medical education, shifting it towards emergency remote delivery. This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on preclinical medical education and identify predictors of the virtual learning experience and perceived stress. An anonymous survey was delivered electronically to the students of the authors' medical school that attended either histology or pathology. This survey contained two scales, the virtual learning experience (VLE) and the perceived stress scale‐10 (PSS‐10). A total of 173/255 (68%) responded, showing a positive perception towards the remote delivery of both courses. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on the VLE scale items and four new dimensions were formed: “course quality and learning outcomes”, “student motivation”, virtual against F2F learning”, and “virtual laboratory sessions”. The following significant predictors of enhanced VLE, in at least one dimension, were identified: female gender, pathology course, final examination grade >80%, lower perceived stress levels, studying in home country, and holding of another degree before medical school. In addition, the following predictors were significantly associated with higher levels of student perceived stress: female gender, pathology course, studying away from home, and suboptimal internet connection. Notably, the quality of internet connection was significantly associated with the students' final examination performance. Concerning the best mode for future delivery of both courses, most students proposed a blended, rather than an entirely on‐campus or online approach. In conclusion, despite its problems, a high‐quality remote preclinical medical education was possible in the authors' school and offered tremendous opportunities for future improvement.
Exosomal lnc‐AFTR as a novel translation regulator of FAS ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus‐induced mastitis
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Jing , Huang Zhi , Jing Hongyuan , Yin Baoyi , Guo Shuai , Deng Ganzhen , Guo Mengyao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough the specific expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in mastitis tissue has been reported, few studies have involved the differential expression of lncRNA in mastitis exosomes (Exo) and its mechanism and function. We screened an lncRNA associated with FAS translational regulation (lnc‐AFTR) through exosomal RNA sequencing, and clarified its function and molecular mechanism. Lnc‐AFTR is markedly downregulated in Staphylococcus aureus‐Exo and S. aureus‐induced MAC‐T cell as well as mastitis tissue. Overexpression of lnc‐AFTR exosomes (oe‐AFTR‐Exo) significantly improves cell damage induced by S. aureus, including inhibiting apoptosis, promoting proliferation, and increasing the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α] and interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β]). Oe‐AFTR‐Exo also suppressed the activation of Caspase‐8, Caspase‐3, and JNK. Dual‐luciferase report analysis confirmed that lnc‐AFTR interacts with FAS mRNA directly to hinder translation process, but does not degrade FAS mRNA. Overexpression of lnc‐AFTR in MAC‐T cells obviously reduced S. aureus‐induced apoptosis and inflammation. Knockdown of lnc‐AFTR significantly increased FAS and promoted the activation of Caspase‐8, Caspase‐3, and JNK caused by S. aureus. In summary, these results revealed the mechanism by which lnc‐AFTR directly bound FAS mRNA to prevent translation, and confirmed that the exosomal lnc‐AFTR exerted anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects by inhibiting the activation of TNF signaling pathway and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway.
Converting a formerly in‐person biochemistry course based undergraduate research experience to online teaching during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ashkanani Alia , Ashkanani Ghalya , Bayraktar Nuran , Subhash Esha , Chaari Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on the delivery of undergraduate courses around the world, and this was no different for the Biochemistry Capstone course offered to Weill Cornell Medicine‐Qatar's second year pre‐medical students during the 2021 spring semester. The course, which was previously delivered in‐person and offered an opportunity for students to familiarize themselves with research and laboratory techniques, had to be modified to be delivered online. The online delivery of the course mainly consisted of “Zoom” sessions, “Canvas” materials, and data analysis using Microsoft Excel raw data sheets. The final assessment of the course consisted of a research report encompassing the procedures discussed, the results of the literature search, and data analysis carried out for the duration of the course. At the end of the course, students completed a survey on the online delivery of the course. It was evident that the majority of students preferred either a combination of in‐person and online delivery or in‐person delivery only, rather than a fully online course. Students' feedback as well as other literature on the online delivery of courses were considered in order to potentially improve the course for the upcoming years.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of cytochrome P450 46A1 activity by a ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Zhe , Wang Zhen , Jiang Lili , Liu Jing , Wu Jingjing , Liu Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) is a key enzyme responsible for metabolizing cholesterol to 24‐hydroxycholesterol in the brain, and thus might serve as a therapeutic target for several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. However, an applicable, sensitive and reliable method for the precise measurement of CYP46A1 activities in complex biological samples remains limited. In this study, a novel ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for highly sensitive and selective determination of 24‐hydroxycholesterol was developed to characterize CYP46A1 activity. The mass spectrometric detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring for 24‐hydroxcholesterol at m/z 385.2 → 367.2. The limit of quantification for 24‐hydroxycholesterol using this UPLC–MS/MS method was as low as 10 nM, which is lower than those reported previously. The method also showed favorable accuracy and precision. Meanwhile, the short‐ and long‐term stability of this method was fully validated. In addition, the method was successfully applied to investigate the kinetic properties of 24‐hydroxycholesterol formation by CYP46A1.
Effects of platelet‐rich plasma on the memory impairment, apoptosis, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Bayat Mahnaz , Khalili Azadeh , Bayat Gholamreza , Akbari Somayeh , Yousefi Nejad Amirhossein , Borhani Haghighi Afshin , Haghani Masoud 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn the present study, we aimed to determine whether intraperitoneal injection of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) could have a neuroprotective effect on learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity impairment as well as hippocampal apoptosis in rats with hepatic encephalopathy induced by bile duct ligated (BDL).MethodsThe rats were divided into four groups: the control, sham, BDL+ V (vehicle), and BDL+ PRP. The BDL rats were treated with PRP immediately after the surgery, and the injection was done every 3 days for 30 days. The passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests were used for the evaluation of learning and memory. The long‐term potentiation (LTP), basal‐synaptic transmission, and paired‐pulse ratio, as an index for measurement of neurotransmitter release probability, were evaluated by field‐potential recording. After taking a blood sample for assessment of the liver enzymes, the animals were sacrificed and their hippocampus was removed for evaluation of cleaved caspase‐3 by Western blot.ResultsSerological assessment of the liver function showed that BDL severely impaired the liver function. Also, PRP treatment could partially improve the liver dysfunction along with recovery in fear memory and spatial learning memory performance, LTP, basal‐synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitter release probability. PRP‐treated rats also showed a significant reduction in neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 area.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that PRP improves cognitive performance and synaptic plasticity in BDL rats via direct neuroprotective property and/or indirectly by improvement of hepatic dysfunction.
Ferrostatin‐1‐loaded liposome for treatment of corneal alkali burn via targeting ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Kai , Jiang Li , Zhong Yueyang , Zhang Yin , Yin Qichuan , Li Su , Zhang Xiaobo , Han Haijie , Yao Ke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlkali burn is a potentially blinding corneal injury. During the progression of alkali burn‐induced injury, overwhelmed oxidative stress in the cornea triggers cell damage, including oxidative changes in cellular macromolecules and lipid peroxidation in membranes, leading to impaired corneal transparency, decreased vision, or even blindness. In this study, we identified that ferroptosis, a type of lipid peroxidation‐dependent cell death, mediated alkali burn‐induced corneal injury. Ferroptosis‐targeting therapy protected the cornea from cell damage and neovascularization. However, the specific ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) is hydrophobic and cannot be directly applied in the clinic. Therefore, we developed Fer‐1‐loaded liposomes (Fer‐1‐NPs) to improve the bioavailability of Fer‐1. Our study demonstrated that Fer‐1‐NPs exerted remarkable curative effects regarding corneal opacity and neovascularization in vivo. The efficacy was comparable to that of dexamethasone, but without appreciable side effects. The significant suppression of ferroptosis (induced by lipid peroxidation and mitochondria disruption), inflammation, and neovascularization might be the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Fer‐1‐NPs. Moreover, the Fer‐1‐NPs treatment showed no signs of cytotoxicity, hematologic toxicity, or visceral organ damage, which further confirmed the biocompatibility. Overall, Fer‐1‐NPs provide a new prospect for safe and effective therapy for corneal alkali burn.
Lignin degradation by microorganisms: A review
Authors: Atiwesh Ghada , Parrish Christopher C. , Banoub Joseph , Le Tuyet‐Anh T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLignin is an abundant plant‐based biopolymer that has found applications in a variety of industries from construction to bioethanol production. This recalcitrant branched polymer is naturally degraded by many different species of microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. These microbial lignin degradation mechanisms provide a host of possibilities to overcome the challenges of using harmful chemicals to degrade lignin biowaste in many industries. The classes and mechanisms of different microbial lignin degradation options available in nature form the primary focus of the present review. This review first discusses the chemical building blocks of lignin and the industrial sources and applications of this multifaceted polymer. The review further places emphasis on the degradation of lignin by natural means, discussing in detail the lignin degradation activities of various fungal and bacterial species. The lignin‐degrading enzymes produced by various microbial species, specifically white‐rot fungi, brown‐rot fungi, and bacteria, are described. In the end, possible directions for future lignin biodegradation applications and research investigations have been provided.
Incorporating positive body image in therapeutic practice: An overview of construct definitions, concepts and theoretical foundations
Authors: Longhurst Phaedra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPositive body image is a contemporary construct, having only received research attention within the past two decades in an effort to elicit a more holistic, comprehensive account of the concept of body image. Nevertheless, emerging literature has suggested its direct and indirect association with improved outcomes, including indicators of well‐being (e.g. self‐compassion) and feelings towards the self (e.g. self‐esteem). Positive body image has therefore been suggested as both a potential technique and a target of actionable therapeutic work for cultivating both physical and psychological well‐being. First, through insights from quantitative and qualitative seminal works, this paper demonstrates that positive body image is: (i) a multidimensional construct, distinct from negative body image; (ii) a confluence of theoretical disciplines and influences; (iii) protective, with therapeutic capacities; (iv) a positive outcome; (v) young, yet flourishing; and (vi) socially and politically relevant. Thus, complementing what positive body image is, this paper further situates therapeutic practice within the field of positive body image by delineating and contextualising their reciprocal capacities and relevant techniques.
Essential Oils from Spices Inhibit Cholinesterase Activity and Improve Behavioral Disorder in AlCl3Induced Dementia
Authors: Chen Shu‐Xia , Xiang Jia‐Yao , Han Jia‐Xin , Yang‐Feng  , Li Hai‐Zhou , Chen Hao , Xu Min 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chemical compositions of essential oils (EOs) prepared from six spices including cinnamon, amomum tsao‐ko, cardamom, amomum, black pepper and white pepper were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which led to identify almost 200 volatile compounds. All EOs of spices showed cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among them, pepper EO showed most potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with IC50values of 8.54 μg/mL (black pepper EO) and 5.02 μg/mL (white pepper EO). Molecular docking andin vitrovalidation suggested that 3‐carene,α‐pinene andβ‐pinene with IC50value of 1.73, 2.66, and 14.75 μg/mL, respectively, might be active constituents of spices oil in inhibiting AChE. Furthermore, amomum tsao‐ko EO and amomum EO can improve behavioral disorder in dementia zebrafish induced by aluminum trichloride (AlCl3).
Ene‐Reductase Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective 1,4‐Mono‐Reduction of Pseudoionone to Geranylacetone
Authors: Oroz‐Guinea Isabel , Winkler Christoph K. , Glueck Silvia M. , Ditrich Klaus , Weingarten Melanie , Breuer Michael , Schachtschabel Doreen , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe regio‐ and stereoselective mono‐reduction of a particular C=C bond of conjugated C=C double bonds is a very challenging task. Here the regio‐ and stereoselective 1,4‐reduction of pseudoionone, an α,β,γ,δ‐bisunsaturated ketone, was demonstrated to give geranylacetone, an industrially relevant molecule. OYE1 from Saccharomyces pastorianus was identified as the most suitable biocatalyst for this reaction. Elevated substrate concentrations of up to 200 mM were tolerated allowing still to reach excellent conversions (>99 % and 80 % for 100 or 200 mM pseudoionone concentration, respectively). Interestingly, the organic cosolvent often required for substrate solubilization in aqueous buffer can be avoided for pseudoionone when using permeabilized E. coli cells containing the overexpressed enzyme instead of purified enzyme, reaching still >99 % conversion at 100 mM (19.2 g/L) substrate concentration. Performing this reaction at a 0.5 g scale allowed to run the reaction to completion (>99 %) and pure product was isolated with 80 % yield. Additionally, the bis‐unsaturated ketone 6‐methyl‐3,5‐heptadien‐2‐one was transformed under similar conditions giving the floral compound sulcatone with excellent conversion (97 %) and 77 % isolated yield. Finally, the stereoselective reduction of the (E,E)‐ over the (E,Z)‐pseudoionone isomer was enabled by the ene‐reductase from Zymomonas mobilis (NCR). Thus, both (E)‐geranylacetone and (E,Z)‐pseudoionone were obtained with isomeric excess above 60 %.
Withdrawn: A Two‐Dimensional Laminated V2O5 Membrane for Metal Ions Separation
Authors: Zhang Yating , Zhang Zhenxin , Zhu Qianqian , Fang Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWithdrawal: “A Two‐Dimensional Laminated V2O5 Membrane for Metal Ions Separation” by Yating Zhang, Zhenxin Zhang, Qianqian Zhu, Wei Fang, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 2021, 94: 152–156. The above article, published online on 2 December 2021 in Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cite.202100132) has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor in Chief, Sabine Wiederhold, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH.The withdrawal has been agreed following notification that the author Wei Fang has submitted this article without proper authorization and consent of third‐party collaborators. This issue has resulted in publication and disclosure of data protected by a confidentiality agreement.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti‐Edematogenic and Antinociceptive Properties of Selenium‐Sulfa Compounds
Authors: Sacramento Manoela , Reis Angélica S. , Martins Carolina C. , Luchese Cristiane , Wilhelm Ethel A. , Alves Diego 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein we describe results for the synthesis and synthetic application of 4‐amino‐3‐(arylselenyl)benzenesulfonamides, and preliminary evaluation of antioxidant, anti‐edematogenic and antinociceptive properties. This class of compounds was synthesized in good yields by a reaction of commercially available sulfanilamide and diorganyl diselenides in the presence of 10 mol% of I2. Furthermore, the synthesized compound 4‐amino‐3‐(phenylselenyl)benzenesulfonamide (3 a) was evaluated on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced acute inflammatory pain. Dose‐ and time‐response curves of antinociceptive effect of compound 3 a were performed using this experimental model. Also, the effect of compound 3 a was monitored in a hot‐plate test to evaluate the acute non‐inflammatory antinociception. The open‐field test was performed to evaluate the locomotor and exploratory behaviors of mice. Oxidative stress markers, such as glutathione peroxidase activity; reactive species, non‐protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation levels were performed to investigate the antioxidant action of compound 3 a. Our findings suggest that the antioxidant effect of compound 3 a may contribute to reducing the nociception and suppress the signaling pathways of inflammation on the local injury induced by CFA. Thus, compound 3 a reduced the paw edema as well as the hyperalgesic behavior in mice, being a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of painful conditions.
Impact of TAILORx on chemotherapy prescribing and 21‐gene recurrence score–guided treatment costs in a population‐based cohort of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Tesch Megan E. , Speers Caroline , Diocee Rekha M. , Gondara Lovedeep , Peacock Stuart J. , Nichol Alan , Lohrisch Caroline A. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe trial assigning individualized options for treatment (Rx) (TAILORx) confirmed the predictive value of the 21‐gene recurrence score (RS) assay in hormone receptor (HR)–positive, HER2‐negative, node‐negative breast cancer and established thresholds for chemotherapy benefit in younger and older patients. Real‐world chemotherapy use and RS‐guided treatment costs in British Columbia post‐TAILORx were examined.MethodsThe authors assembled 3 cohorts of HR‐positive, HER2‐negative, node‐negative patients with breast cancer defined by diagnosis: before RS funding (cohort 1 [C1]: January 2013‐December 2013), after introduction of public RS funding (cohort 2 [C2]: July 2015‐June 2016), and after TAILORx results (cohort 3 [C3]: July 2018‐June 2019). Chemotherapy use was compared between cohorts by age and RS. Budgetary impacts of RS testing on chemotherapy costs were evaluated pre‐ and post‐TAILORx.ResultsAmong the 2066 patients included, chemotherapy use declined by 19% after RS funding was introduced and by an additional 23% after TAILORx publication (P = .001). Reduction in chemotherapy use was significant for RS 11‐20 tumors (C3 vs C2, P = .004). There was no significant change in chemotherapy use in patients >50 years old (C2:12% vs C3:10%, P = .22). RS testing was associated with higher cost savings post‐TAILORx, except in patients 70 to 80 years old, where testing led to excess costs when adjusting for the low rate of RS‐concordant chemotherapy prescribed.ConclusionsTAILORx has had population‐based impacts on chemotherapy prescribing in intermediate RS tumors and patients ≤50 years old. The lower clinical use of RS and increased spending in patients 70‐80 years old highlights the importance of careful selection of older candidates for high‐cost genomic testing.Lay Summary

The 21‐gene recurrence score (RS) test helps predict whether patients with hormone‐positive, HER2‐negative, lymph node‐negative breast cancer are likely to benefit from chemotherapy.

The recent trial assigning individualized options for treatment (Rx) (TAILORx) found that patients with intermediate RS tumors did not benefit from chemotherapy.

The authors assessed whether TAILORx results translated to real‐world changes in chemotherapy prescribing patterns.

In this study, chemotherapy use decreased by 23% after TAILORx, with the greatest reductions seen among intermediate RS tumors and younger patients.

In contrast, RS testing had lower clinical value and increased treatment costs in elderly patients, which requires further study to ensure optimal care for this age group.