bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Index of Productive Syntax: Psychometric Properties and Suggested Modifications
Authors: Yang Ji Seung , MacWhinney Brian , Ratner Nan Bernstein 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) is a well-known language sample analysis tool. However, its psychometric properties have not been assessed across a wide sample of typically developing preschool-age children and children with language disorders. We sought to determine the profile of IPSyn scores by age over early childhood. We additionally explored whether the IPSyn could be shortened to fewer items without loss of information and whether the required language sample could be shortened from a current required number of 100 utterances to 50.

Method:
We used transcripts from the Child Language Data Exchange System, including 1,051 samples of adult–child conversational play with toys within the theoretical framework of item response theory. Samples included those from typically developing children as well as children with hearing loss, Down syndrome, and late language emergence.

Results:
The Verb Phrase and Sentence Structure subscales showed more stable developmental trajectories over the preschool years and greater differentiation between typical and atypical cohorts than did the Noun Phrase and Question/Negation subscales. A number of current IPSyn scoring items can be dropped without loss of information, and 50-utterance samples demonstrate most of the same psychometric properties of longer samples.

Discussion:
Our findings suggest ways in which the IPSyn can be automated and streamlined (proposed IPSyn-C) so as to provide useful clinical guidance with fewer items and a shorter required language sample. Reference values for the IPSyn-C are provided. Trajectories for one subscale (Question/Negation) appear inherently unstable and may require structured elicitation. Potential limitations, ramifications, and future directions are discussed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16915690
Sparse signal recovery from noisy measurements via searching forward OMP
Authors: Sun Quan , Wu Fei‐Yun , Yang Kunde , Huang Chunlong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecovering sparse signals from compressed measurements has received much attention in recent years. Considering that measurement errors always exist, an improved orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) method which is called Searching Forward OMP (SFOMP), is proposed in this letter. The proposed SFOMP method is designed for compressive sensing and sparse signal recovery in the noisy environment. To improve the recovery performance, the SFOMP method incorporates a searching forward strategy to find the column leading to a minimum norm of residual error among the added candidates in each iteration. Numerical results show that, compared with other commonly used methods, this method provides a higher recovery signal‐to‐noise ratio, more accurate reconstruction of support set, and a competitive computational complexity with noisy measurements.
Large signal analysis on intensity‐modulation direct‐detection radio‐over‐fibre dispersive links
Authors: Ferreira Júnior Antonio Alves , Ribeiro José Antônio Justino , Spadoti Danilo Henrique 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis letter proposes a frequency domain closed‐form analytical solution for large signal condition in radio‐over‐fibre systems that employ external intensity‐modulation and direct‐detection. The received radio frequency signal power was used to evaluate the chromatic dispersion effect in optical links. To the best of knowledge, a comparison between large signal with small signal solutions has been theoretically presented here for the first time. For analogue optical amplitude modulations, the double sideband showed a 30 dB difference between the approaches, a 9 dB for the single sideband, and 17 dB for the suppressed carrier.
Direct emission spectroscopy of exoplanets with the medium resolution imaging spectrometer on board JWST MIRI
Authors: Patapis P. , Nasedkin E. , Cugno G. , Glauser A. M. , Argyriou I. , Whiteford N. P. , Mollière P. , Glasse A. , Quanz S. P. 
Published: November 2021

Context. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will give access to mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra (5–28 microns) while retaining spatial information. With the unparalleled sensitivity of JWST and the MIRI detectors, the MRS has the potential to revolutionise our understanding of giant exoplanet atmospheres.
Aims. Molecular mapping is a promising detection and characterisation technique used to study the spectra of directly imaged exoplanets. We aim to examine the feasibility and application of this technique to MRS observations.
Methods. We used the instrument simulator MIRISIM to create mock observations of resolved star and exoplanet systems. As an input for the simulator, we used stellar and planet parameters from literature, with the planet spectrum being modelled with the radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS. After processing the raw data with the JWST pipeline, we high pass filter the data to account for the stellar point spread function, and used a forward modelling approach to detect the companions and constrain the chemical composition of their atmospheres through their molecular signatures.
Results. We identified limiting factors in spectroscopic characterisation of directly imaged exoplanets with the MRS and simulated observations of two representative systems, HR8799 and GJ504. In both systems, we could detect the presence of multiple molecules that were present in the input model of their atmospheres. We used two different approaches with single molecule forward models, used in literature, that are sensitive to detecting mainly H2O, CO, CH4, and NH3, and a log-likelihood ratio test that uses full atmosphere forward models and is sensitive to a larger number of less dominant molecular species.
Conclusions. We show that the MIRI MRS can be used to characterise widely separated giant exoplanets in the mid-IR using molecular mapping. Such observations would provide invaluable information for the chemical composition of the atmosphere, complementing other JWST observing modes, as well as ground-based observations.
Life-time Actionable Pharmacogenetic Drug Use: A Population-based
Cohort Study in 86 040 Young People With and Without Mental Disorders in
Denmark
Authors: Lunenburg Carin A.T.C. , Ishtiak-Ahmed Kazi , Werge Thomas , Gasse Christiane 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective To describe life-time use of current actionable pharmacogenetic
(PGx) somatic and psychotropic drugs according to international PGx consortia in
people with and without hospital-diagnosed mental disorders in the Danish
population.
Methods Population- and register-based observational drug utilization
study in 56 065 individuals with mental disorders, i. e.
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar disorder,
depression and schizophrenia, and a random, representative sample of
29 975 individuals of the Danish population, born between 1981 and 2005.
Individuals were followed from 1995 or birth until 2016 (for a maximum of 22
years). We report prevalence and incidence rates of PGx drug use by age, sex and
mental disorders based on redeemed prescriptions between 1995 and 2016.
Results Of the 69 PGx drugs, prescriptions of 39 drugs had been redeemed
by the study population by 35 years of age. The use of at least 1 PGx drug
varied between 23.1% in males without mental disorders and 97.2%
in females with schizophrenia. Males with ADHD or autism were the youngest
first-time PGx drug users at a mean of 11.6 years. The mean number of different
PGx drugs used was 1.2 in males without mental disorders and 5.6 in individuals
with schizophrenia. The prevalence of different PGx drugs linked to more than
one gene was 25.3% in males without mental disorders to 94.1% in
females with schizophrenia.
Conclusion PGx drugs are commonly used by younger people, more often by
individuals with mental disorders and by females. Panel-based PGx testing could
contribute to treatment decisions at a very young age.
Association between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Offspring
Authors: Palatnik Anna , Mele Lisa , Casey Brian M. , Varner Michael W. , Sorokin Yoram , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Thorp John M. , Saade George R. , Tita Alan T. N. , Rouse Dwight J. , Sibai Baha , Costantine Maged M. , Mercer Brian M. , Tolosa Jorge E. , Caritis Steve N. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network, Bethesda, MD, USA
Published: November 2021

Objective The long-term impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) exposure on offspring health is an emerging research area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between a maternal diagnosis of HDP (gestational hypertension and preeclampsia) and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of two parallel multicenter clinical trials of thyroxine therapy for subclinical hypothyroid disorders in pregnancy. Women with singleton nonanomalous gestations diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia were randomized to thyroxine therapy or placebo. The primary outcome was child intelligence quotient (IQ) at 5 years of age. Secondary outcomes included several neurodevelopmental measures, including the Bayley-III cognitive, motor, and language scores at 12 and 24 months, Differential Ability Scales-II (DAS-II) scores at 36 months, the Conners' rating scales-revised at 48 months, and scores from the Child Behavior Checklist at 36 and 60 months. Thyroxine therapy did not influence neurodevelopment in either of the primary studies. Associations between neurodevelopment outcomes and maternal HDP were examined using univariable and multivariable analyses.
Results A total of 112 woman–child dyads with HDP were compared with 1,067 woman–child dyads without HDP. In univariable analysis, mean maternal age (26.7 ± 5.9 vs. 27.8 ± 5.7 years, p = 0.032) and the frequency of nulliparity (45.5 vs. 31.0%, p = 0.002) differed significantly between the two groups. Maternal socioeconomic characteristics did not differ between the groups. After adjusting for potential confounders, there were no significant differences in any primary or secondary neurodevelopment outcome between offspring exposed to HDP and those unexposed. However, when dichotomized as low or high scores, we found higher rates of language delay (language scores <85: −1 standard deviation) at 2 years of age among offspring exposed to HDP compared with those unexposed (46.5 vs. 30.5%, adjusted odds ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–3.42).
Conclusion In this cohort of pregnant women, HDP diagnosis was associated with language delay at 2 years of age. However, other long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring were not associated with HDP.
Key Points
Human Milk Cessation in the NICU in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Seshadri Nilesh , Kim Lydia Y. , McGrath-Morrow Sharon A. , Collaco Joseph M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with the cessation of human milk prior to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge for infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Study Design Participants were recruited from the Johns Hopkins BPD Clinic between January 2016 and October 2018. Clinical and demographic characteristics were analyzed based on whether participants stopped human milk before or after NICU discharge.
Results Of the 224 infants included, 109 (48.7%) infants stopped human milk prior to discharge. The median duration of human milk intake was less for infants who stopped human milk prior to discharge compared with those who continued after discharge (2 vs. 8 months, p < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, pulmonary hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 2.90; p = 0.016), public insurance (OR: 2.86; p < 0.001), and length of NICU admission (OR: 1.26 per additional month; p = 0.002) were associated with human milk cessation prior to NICU discharge.
Conclusion Infants with BPD who have severe medical comorbidities and markers of lower socioeconomic status may be at higher risk for earlier human milk discontinuation.
Key Points
Disease Progression and Mutation Pattern in a Large Cohort of LGMD R1/LGMD 2A Patients from India
Authors: Ganaraja Valakunja H. , Polavarapu Kiran , Bardhan Mainak , Preethish-Kumar Veeramani , Leena Shingavi , Anjanappa Ram M. , Vengalil Seena , Nashi Saraswati , Arunachal Gautham , Gunasekaran Swetha , Mohan Dhaarini , Raju Sanita , Unnikrishnan Gopikrishnan , Huddar Akshata , Ravi-Kiran Valasani , Thomas Priya T. , Nalini Atchayaram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCalpainopathy is caused by mutations in the CAPN3. There is only one clinical and genetic study of CAPN3 from India and none from South India. A total of 72 (male[M]:female [F] = 34:38) genetically confirmed probands from 72 independent families are included in this study. Consanguinity was present in 54.2%. The mean age of onset and duration of symptoms are 13.5 ± 6.4 and 6.3 ± 4.7 years, respectively. Positive family history occurred in 23.3%. The predominant initial symptoms were proximal lower limb weakness (52.1%) and toe walking (20.5%). At presentation, 97.2% had hip girdle weakness, 69.4% had scapular winging, and 58.3% had contractures. Follow-up was available in 76.4%, and 92.7% were ambulant at a mean age of 23.7 ± 7.6 years and duration of 4.5 years, remaining 7.3% became wheelchair-bound at 25.5 ± 5.7 years of age (mean duration = 13.5 ± 4.6), 4.1% were aged more than 40 years (duration range = 5–20). The majority remained ambulant 10 years after disease onset. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) detected 47 unique CAPN3 variants in 72 patients, out of which 19 are novel. Missense variants were most common occurring in 59.7% (homozygous = 29; Compound heterozygous = 14). In the remaining 29 patients (40.3%), at least one suspected loss of function variant was present. Common recurrent variants were c.2051–1G > T and c.2338G > C in 9.7%, c.1343G > A, c.802–9G > A, and c.1319G > A in 6.9% and c.1963delC in 5.5% of population. Large deletions were observed in 4.2%. Exon 10 mutations accounted for 12 patients (16.7%). Our study highlights the efficiency of NGS technology in screening and molecular diagnosis of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with recessive form (LGMDR1) patients in India.
The Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Facial Plastic Surgery
Authors: Luu Neil N. , Soldatova Liuba , Friedman Oren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular among facial plastic surgery patients. Over the last few decades, there has been a surge in the use of CAM. Despite the increasing prevalence of CAM, patients may feel uncomfortable discussing these therapies with their physicians, and physicians feel under-equipped to engage in meaningful discussions regarding these nontraditional therapies. This article reviews recent literature on the use of CAM for skin treatment in an attempt to provide additional resource. To date, the evidence to support statistically significant symptom improvement with use of non-traditional therapies remains limited. While preliminary data supports essential oil therapy in some cases, the results of the studies investigating other CAM therapies (traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and homeopathy) have been mixed and inconclusive.
Surgical Management of Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: Analysis of Operative Indications, Settings, and Outcomes
Authors: Kana Lulia A. , Smith Joshua D. , Bellile Emily L. , Chugh Rashmi , McKean Erin L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives The role of surgery in management of sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (SNRMS) has traditionally been limited, owing to anatomic and technological challenges and the established role of systemic therapy. Herein, we report our institutional experience with surgical management of SNRMS, with a particular focus on operative approaches, extent and outcomes.
Design This study is a retrospective cohort study.
Setting This study was conducted at a single-institution, academic center.
Participants Patients of any age with histologically confirmed RMS of the nasal cavity, maxillary, ethmoid, frontal, or sphenoid sinus, nasolacrimal duct, or nasopharynx presenting between 1994 and 2020 were included in this study.
Main Outcome Measures Demographics, tumor characteristics, operative settings, complications and recurrence, and survival outcomes were the primary outcomes of this study.
Results Our study cohort comprised of 29 patients (mean [range] age: 27.0 [3.1–65.7], n = 12 [41%] female). Tumors of the nasal cavity (n = 10, 35%) and ethmoid sinuses (n = 10, 35%) and those with alveolar histology (n = 21, 72%) predominated. Patients who had surgery as part of their treatment (n = 13, 45%) had improved distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) overall (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.98, p = 0.05) as compared with those who did not have surgery. Surgical approaches included open (n = 7), endoscopic (n = 4), and combined (n = 2). Eight of these 13 patients (62%) had an R0 resection. Additionally, surgical salvage of recurrent disease was employed in five patients (17%).
Conclusion SNRMS is an aggressive malignancy with a high rate of recurrence and spread requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcomes. Our data supports an expanding role for surgery for SNRMS given its feasibility, tolerability, and potential to improve outcomes.
Emergence of a compositional neural code for written words: Recycling of a convolutional neural network for reading
Authors: Hannagan T. , Agrawal A. , Cohen L. , Dehaene S. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Learning to read results in the formation of a specialized region in the human ventral visual cortex. This region, the visual word form area (VWFA), responds selectively to written words more than to other visual stimuli. However, how neural circuits at this site implement an invariant recognition of written words remains unknown. Here, we show how an artificial neural network initially designed for object recognition can be retrained to recognize words. Once literate, the network develops a sparse neuronal representation of words that replicates several known aspects of the cognitive neuroscience of reading and leads to precise predictions concerning how a small set of neurons implement the orthographic stage of reading acquisition using a compositional neural code.
Geometry and dynamics link form, function, and evolution of finch beaks
Authors: al-Mosleh Salem , Choi Gary P. T. , Abzhanov Arhat , Mahadevan L. 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceUnderstanding how development and evolution shape functional morphology is a basic question in biology. A paradigm of this is the finch’s beak that has adapted to different diets and behaviors over millions of years. We take a mathematical and physical perspective to quantify the nature of beak shape variations, how they emerge from changes to the development program of the birds, and their functional significance as a mechanical tool.
Plus in the French negative system
Authors: Amsili Pascal , Beyssade Claire 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the place of plus (“no more”) in the system of negation in French. Is it merely the presuppositional counterpart of pas (“not”), or does it belong to the class of n-words, such as personne (“nobody”) and rien (“nothing”), which can combine with each other and give rise to negative concord readings? We show that when plus co-occurs with an n-word, it brings different semantic contributions depending on the place it occupies. This leads us to assume that two instances of plus have to be distinguished: one that incorporates a sentential negation and the other which has only a presuppositional contribution. These two instances differ in assertive content, but convey the same presuppositional content. The chapter shows how to derive the observed interpretations in each kind of configuration.
An experimental approach to parallelism in ellipsis
Authors: Bîlbîie Gabriela , De La Fuente Israel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates parallelism constraints in Romance gapping with pro-drop. We provide empirical evidence from two acceptability judgment tasks in Romanian and Spanish, that syntactic parallelism in gapping is less strict than traditionally assumed. Parallelism constraints are stronger at the discourse and information structure levels than at the syntactic level. Our experimental findings show that gapping with pro-drop is as acceptable as without pro-drop, challenging the double foci analysis and supporting the topic-focus pattern for gapping constructions. At the semantic level, our data show that the contrast in gapping is not always established explicitly; more generally, they show that one cannot make a correlation between contrast and subject (null vs overt) expression in Romance.
On focal and wh-projections, indirect wh-questions, and quantificational chains
Authors: Bonan Caterina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, I investigate the cartography of focus using novel data from non-standard Italian (non-StandIT) and Trevigiano, a Venetan dialect. I argue that focus is less constrained in indirect wh-questions in these varieties than in Standard Italian (StandIT). Indeed, in Trevigiano both focalised objects and adverbials are felicitous in constructions with a lower wh-phrase. Using Featural Relativized Minimality, I argue that in the case of direct objects, the problem of crossing chains is circumvented using an IP-internal clitic that absorbs the [+N] feature of the direct object. Then, I explain the behaviour of focalised adverbials in these varieties claiming that they are externally-merged directly in the Left Periphery, hence create a high focus-chain that does not interfere with the creation of the lower wh-chain.
The syntactic distribution of raddoppiamento fonosinttatico in Cosentino
Authors: Ledgeway Adam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter undertakes an overview of the structural conditions regulating the distribution of a phonological fortition process, raddoppiamento fonosintattico “phonosyntactic doubling”, in the Calabrian dialect of Cosenza, focusing on some particularly striking cases which also reveal the role of phases in constraining the application of RF. On the one hand, the data highlight the advantages of interpreting locality not just narrowly in terms of the three core structural configurations Spec-Head, Head-Head and Head-Comp, but also more broadly in terms of phasal domains, showing how different phonological realizations represent the spell-out of deep syntactic differences mapped at the interface between narrow syntax and PF (Phonological Form). On the other, the theoretical assumptions assumed here provide us with the key to understanding some intriguing empirical generalizations about the role of RF in signalling, among other things, informational structure content and binding relations, which, in turn, throw new light on current theoretical assumptions about clause structure and the nature of phases.