bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Use‐Testing of Apalutamide Prepared in Aqueous Food Vehicles for Alternative Administration
Authors: Yu Alex , Erba Maura , Hazra Anasuya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients may have difficulty swallowing a whole daily dose of 240 mg (4 × 60‐mg tablets) of apalutamide. One of the unique properties of apalutamide tablets is easy disintegration and dispersion when mixed into aqueous vehicles, avoiding the need to crush/split the tablets. To evaluate whether this method of apalutamide tablet administration would be conducive in a patient setting, different variations in preparation were evaluated, and one preparation was tested in humans. In vitro compatibility studies evaluated purity, dose, or stability of different variations of apalutamide in applesauce/yogurt/orange juice/green tea. An open‐label, randomized, crossover phase 1 study in healthy men determined the bioavailability of an apalutamide‐applesauce mixture versus whole tablets based on maximum plasma analyte concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma analyte concentration‐time curve: AUC0‐72h and AUC0‐168h. Different amounts of applesauce/yogurt/orange juice/green tea as well as durations (up to 6 hours) did not affect the total apalutamide content available. The phase 1 study (n = 12) showed increased total exposure of 5% and peak exposure of 27.6% when comparing the apalutamide‐applesauce mixture with whole‐tablet administration. Variations in preparation times and total content for applesauce/yogurt/orange juice/green tea did not affect the purity, dose, or stability of apalutamide. An apalutamide‐applesauce mixture is a suitable alternative administration method to whole tablets.
Pharmacokinetic Drug‐Drug Interaction Study of Omecamtiv Mecarbil With Omeprazole, a Proton Pump Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Trivedi Ashit , Sohn Winnie , Jafarinasabian Pegah , Zhang Hanze , Terminello Bianca , Flach Stephen , Abbasi Siddique , Dutta Sandeep , Lee Edward 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOmecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a novel cardiac myosin activator in development for the treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. OM is administered as a 25‐, 37.5‐, or 50‐mg modified‐release formulation in patients with HF. Proton pump inhibitors are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in this patient population. Given the potential for coadministration of both drugs in patients with HF, we evaluated the potential for omeprazole to affect the pharmacokinetics of OM in an open‐label study in 14 healthy subjects. Subjects received a single 50‐mg dose of OM on day 1, followed by 40‐mg once‐daily doses of omeprazole on days 4 to 8. On day 9, a single 40‐mg dose of omeprazole was administered first and immediately followed by 50‐mg of OM. Blood samples were collected up to 144 hours after dosing following administration of OM on days 1 and 9 to characterize plasma concentrations of OM. The ratios of the geometric least‐square means (90% confidence intervals) of OM coadministered with omeprazole compared to OM alone were 94.5% (81.7%‐109.3%), 94.3% (81.5%‐109.1%), and 101.2% (95.4%‐107.3%) for area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and maximum observed plasma concentration, respectively. Coadministration of OM with omeprazole was not associated with any clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Single doses of OM were safe and well tolerated when coadministered with omeprazole.
Hybrid node‐based tensor graph convolutional network for aspect‐category sentiment classification of microblog comments
Authors: Xiang Yan , Guo Jun‐Jun , Xian Yan‐Tuan , Huang Yu‐Xin , Yu Zheng‐Tao 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAspect‐category sentiment classification of microblog comments aims to identify the sentiment polarity of different opinion aspects in microblog comments, which is meaningful for the analysis of public opinion. At present, most of aspect‐category sentiment classification methods need much annotation data, and regard comments as independent samples, without using of the relationship between comments. This article proposes an aspect‐category sentiment classification method based on tensor graph convolutional networks. First, the combination of a comment and its aspect category is regarded as a hybrid node, and the original representation of a hybrid node is encoded by the Bert model. Second, sentiment graph and semantic graph are constructed according to the semantic similarity and sentimental relevance between hybrid nodes, and they are stacked into a tensor. Then two convolution operations, including intra‐graph convolution and inter‐graph convolution, are performed for each layer of graph tensor. In this way, hybrid nodes can learn and merge the heterogeneous information of different graphs. Finally, under the supervision of few labeled comments, the sentiment classification can be completed based on the features of the hybrid nodes. Experimental results on two microblog datasets show that the proposed model can significantly improve the performance of sentiment classification compared with other baseline models.
Dynamic energy efficient load balancing strategy for computational grid
Authors: Nazir Babar , Ahmad Zulfiqar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComputational grid is a pool of computational resources that is used by various organizations for storage purposes and execution of a large number of tasks. Load balancing and energy consumption are two core performance parameters in the computational grid. Since, performance of a computational grid is highly dependable to variations in load and energy consumption, therefore, it is important to pay attention to these aspects in grid. Therefore, we proposed an energy‐aware dynamic load balancing strategy for tasks scheduling in grid referred to as dynamic energy efficient load balancing strategy (DEEL) for computational grid. DEEL combined energy efficiency and load balancing paradigms in order to improve the utilization and reduce the energy consumption of resources. Simulations were performed by using GridSim. Simulation results were compared with published strategy IEGDC with respect to performance indices: finished gridlets, unfinished gridlets, resubmitted times, and response time. The simulation results were evaluated through performance metrics that is, (a) cost, (b) energy consumption, and (c) energy saved. As per simulation results, DEEL outperformed the published method IEGDC by reducing the execution time of finished gridlets up to 28%, minimizing the execution and resource cost up to 35%, and saving the energy consumption up to 38%.
Chaos teaching learning based algorithm for large‐scale global optimization problem and its application
Authors: Shukla Alok Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTeaching learning‐based optimization (TLBO) is a popular stochastic algorithm that has recently been widely applied in a variety of optimization problems since its start. In TLBO algorithm, the concept of chaos not only shows a vital effect in its convergence but also plays a substantial role to balance of exploration and exploitation through evolution. However, TLBO is quickly trapped in local optima and premature convergence seems when applied to sophisticated complex functions. To handle these problems, we introduced an improved TLBO algorithm using chaotic concept. To achieve ability to search for exploration and exploitation, new phase called chaotic phase is added in original TLBO algorithm. The proposed method is thoroughly evaluated on benchmark test suites. The numerical result show that proposed method is relatively effective in adapting the chaotic value regarding original TLBO in terms of solution quality and convergence rate. In addition, performance of proposed method is evaluated on benchmark KDD Cup 99 intrusion dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that proposed method achieves higher predictive accuracy, detection rate, false alarm rate, and provided more significant features as compared with other wrapper techniques.
Survival rate and associated factors affecting pulpectomy treatment outcome in primary teeth
Authors: Songvejkasem Methaphon , Auychai Prim , Chankanka Oitip , Songsiripradubboon Siriporn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the survival rates of pulpectomized primary teeth treated under general anesthesia (GA) or local anesthesia (LA), and to determine which factors affected tooth survival following pulpectomy.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study collected data from dental records. Patients under 5 years of age received dental treatment under GA or LA during 2007–2016, with at least one anterior or posterior tooth receiving a pulpectomy, were recruited. Pulpectomy was considered a failure if the tooth required extraction or retreatment due to pulp treatment failure. Survival analysis was used to assess the outcome. The cumulative survival probability was analyzed with the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between tooth survival and possible prognosis factors; sex, age, dental arch (upper/lower), tooth type (anterior/posterior), molar type (first/second molar), molar location (upper/lower molar), root filling material type, restoration type, preoperative radiographic findings and presence of pathologic root resorption.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐seven primary teeth were included. At the 5‐year follow‐up, the survival rates of the pulpectomized teeth treated under GA and LA were 81.4% and 87.4%, respectively, which were not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05). A radiolucency on the preoperative radiograph was the only factor associated with tooth extraction or retreatment following pulpectomy, with a hazard ratio of 3.88 (95% CI = 1.29–11.65).ConclusionsPulpectomized primary teeth treated under GA and LA demonstrated high survival rates. Preoperative radiolucency is a possible associated factor that decreases tooth survival following pulpectomy.Why this paper is important
Pulpectomy treatment under GA and LA provided high 5‐year cumulative survival rates, which were not significantly different.
Pulpectomy treatment in teeth with a preoperative radiolucency were 3.9‐fold as likely to fail as teeth without pathology.
Based on our findings, practitioners could apply these findings and discuss with caregivers about the treatment options, outcomes, and prognosis of pulpectomized teeth.
Relationship of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races and resistance loci in the Phaseolus vulgaris L. genome
Authors: Nunes Maria Paula Barion A. , Gonçalves‐Vidigal Maria Celeste , Martins Vanusa S. R. , Xavier Larissa F. S. , Valentini Giseli , Vaz Bisneta Mariana , Vidigal Filho Pedro Soares 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most critical diseases in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The characterization and localization of pathogenic fungal races are essential for understanding pathogen population dynamics and developing resistant cultivars. Here, we discussed the relationship between the diversity of C. lindemuthianum and common bean resistance genes against anthracnose disease. Indeed, several studies using a system of 12 differential bean cultivars have been carried out since 1991 to monitor anthracnose, reporting the constant appearance of new races. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum shows high virulence diversity, with 298 races distributed across 29 countries. In Brazil, we identified 89 races, with races 73, 65, and 81 as the most frequent. Moreover, we highlighted the common bean gene clusters, their unique location on chromosomes, and their relationship with races and resistance genes. The genetic mapping studies, molecular markers linked to anthracnose resistance alleles, and the specific races were integrated on the seven‐chromosome map using the reference genome of common bean. Recently, the ease of use of genome sequences and the development of molecular technologies have allowed molecular markers for marker‐assisted selection applied to anthracnose‐resistant cultivars. As a result, it is feasible that Mesoamerican genes Co‐5, Co‐42, Co‐6, Co‐16, and Co‐17, and the Andean genes Co‐12, Co‐14, Co‐Bf, Co‐15, Co‐AC, and CoPv01CDRK are well known to confer resistance to most races reported in Brazil and around the world. Thus, pyramiding these genes through molecular markers can help reduce the time and cost of introducing resistance genes in commercial common bean cultivars.
Solar‐Powered Whole‐Cell P450 Catalytic Platform for C‐Hydroxylation Reactions
Authors: Le Thien‐Kim , Kim Jinhyun , Anh Nguyen Ngoc , Huong Ha Nguyen Thi , Sun Eun‐Gene , Yee Su‐Min , Kang Hyung‐Sik , Yeom Soo‐Jin , Beum Park Chan , Yun Chul‐Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the joint research group of Prof. Chan Beum Park at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Prof. Chul‐Ho Yun at the Chonnam National University (CNU). The image shows how the use of a natural photosensitizer, flavin mononucleotide, and visible light can lead to a cost‐effective, green, and sustainable process for P450‐catalyzed reactions in a whole‐cell system. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202100944.
Diagnostic and troubleshooting of OpenFlow‐enabled switches using kernel and userspace traces
Authors: Belkhiri Adel , Dagenais Michel 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAlthough software‐defined networking (SDN) provides a flexible way to provision and control networks, it also makes network debugging and troubleshooting more complex. In SDN, the network is fully managed by software programs that increase flexibility and sophistication but are prone to bugs. Pinpointing those bugs is challenging because they can occur at multiple locations, such as the forwarding plane, the controller OS, and the network services running on top of the controller. Compared to functional bugs, performance bugs are particularly irritating due to their non‐failure semantics. They can lead to performance loss (reduced throughput, increased latency, and wasted resources) while maintaining the network connectivity. The literature reports several tools and techniques to diagnose SDN bugs, but, unfortunately, they are mostly ineffective against performance bugs. In this paper, we propose a novel monitoring and diagnostic framework capable of diagnosing performance bugs in the SDN data plane. The proposed tool works within Open vSwitch (OVS), a popular software switch, albeit it can easily be adapted to any OpenFlow switch. Tracing techniques are used to collect low‐level performance data from monitored switches. Our tool derives adapted performance metrics from kernel and userspace traces, and then displays them in time‐synchronized graphical views. These views provide valuable insights into OVS operation. They also enable practitioners to discover performance‐related issues and analyze their root causes. A few use cases are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of our tool in optimizing OVS performance and diagnosing its performance bugs.
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and their human metabolites in sewage water: Stability assessment and identification of transformation products
Authors: Hehet Petra , Köke Niklas , Zahn Daniel , Frömel Tobias , Rößler Thorsten , Knepper Thomas P. , Pütz Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince their first appearance in 2008, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) remain the most popular new psychoactive substances (NPS) in the EU. Following consumption, these drugs and their metabolites are urinary excreted and enter the sewage system enabling the application of wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE). Knowing the fate of target analytes in sewage water is essential for successful application of WBE. This study investigates the stability of several chemically diverse SCRAs and selected human metabolites under sewage conditions utilizing a combination of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Target analytes included SCRAs with indole (5F‐PB‐22, PB‐22 pentanoic acid), indazole (AMB‐FUBINACA, 5F‐ADB, 5F‐ADB dimethylbutanoic acid), carbazole (MDMB‐CHMCZCA, EG‐018), and γ‐carboline (Cumyl‐PeGaClone) chemical core structures representing most of the basic core structures that have occurred up to now. Stability tests were performed using wastewater effluent containing 5% activated sludge as inoculum to monitor degradation processes and formation of transformation products (TPs). The majority of investigated SCRAs, excluding the selected human metabolites, was recalcitrant to microbial degradation in sewage systems over a period of 29 days. Their stability was rather controlled by physico‐chemical processes like sorption and hydrolysis. Considering a typical hydraulic in‐sewer retention time of 24 h, the concentration of AMB‐FUBINACA decreased by 90% thus representing the most unstable SCRA investigated in this study. Among the 10 newly identified TPs, three could be considered as relevant markers and should be included into future WBE studies to gain further insight into use and prevalence of SCRAs on the drug market.
The Double Consciousness Body Image Scale: A body image assessment centering the experiences of Black women
Authors: Wilfred Salomé A. , Lundgren Jennifer D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveBody image among Black women is poorly understood; emerging research suggests that Black women experience pressures to adhere to a body type not currently captured in commonly used body image measures. This study assessed the psychometric properties and validity of the Double Consciousness Body Image Scale (DCBIS), a new culturally relevant body image assessment for Black women.MethodBlack women living in the United States (n = 198; 73.4% identified as African American; the remainder identified as African, Afro‐Latina, Caribbean, Caribbean American, Black descent, or multiple racial identities) completed online surveys assessing behaviors used to modify physical features, pressures to adhere to certain physical features, and eating disorder symptomatology.ResultsExploratory factor analysis identified a unitary factor structure focused on pressures to adhere to physical characteristics, as well as behavior manifestation of those pressures. The DCBIS demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .96). The DCBIS demonstrated convergent validity with measures of body image and disordered eating behaviors and attitudes.DiscussionThe DCBIS is a culturally relevant assessment of body image centering the experiences of Black women living in the context of U.S. culture. Future research is needed to confirm the factor structure of the DCBIS and evaluate its psychometric properties among a broader representation of Black women, globally.
Clinging ability is related to particular aspects of foot morphology in salamanders
Authors: Baken Erica K. , O’Donnell Mary Kate 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe interaction between morphology, performance, and ecology has long been studied in order to explain variation in the natural world. Within arboreal salamanders, diversification in foot morphology and microhabitat use are thought to be linked by the impact of foot size and shape on clinging and climbing performance, resulting in an ability to access new habitats. We examine whether various foot shape metrics correlate with stationary cling performance and microhabitat to explicitly quantify this performance gradient across 14 species of salamander, including both arboreal and nonarboreal species. Clinging performance did not correlate with foot shape, as quantified by landmark‐based geometric morphometrics, nor with microhabitat use. Mass‐corrected foot centroid size and foot contact area, on the other hand, correlated positively with clinging performance on a smooth substrate. Interestingly, these foot variables correlated negatively with clinging performance on rough substrates, suggesting the use of multiple clinging mechanisms dependent upon the texture of the surface. These findings demonstrate that centroid size and foot contact area are more functionally relevant for clinging in salamanders than foot shape, suggesting that foot shape need not converge in order to achieve convergent performance. More broadly, our results provide an example of how the quantification of the performance gradient can provide the appropriate lens through which to understand the macroevolution of morphology and ecology.
Spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Wambulwa Moses C. , Milne Richard , Wu Zeng‐Yuan , Spicer Robert A. , Provan Jim , Luo Ya‐Huang , Zhu Guang‐Fu , Wang Wan‐Ting , Wang Hong , Gao Lian‐Ming , Li De‐Zhu , Liu Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMountain ecosystems support a significant one‐third of all terrestrial biodiversity, but our understanding of the spatiotemporal maintenance of this high biodiversity remains poor, or at best controversial. The Himalaya hosts a complex mountain ecosystem with high topographic and climatic heterogeneity and harbors one of the world's richest floras. The high species endemism, together with increasing anthropogenic threats, has qualified the Himalaya as one of the most significant global biodiversity hotspots. The topographic and climatic complexity of the Himalaya makes it an ideal natural laboratory for studying the mechanisms of floral exchange, diversification, and spatiotemporal distributions. Here, we review literature pertaining to the Himalaya in order to generate a concise synthesis of the origin, distribution, and climate change responses of the Himalayan flora. We found that the Himalaya supports a rich biodiversity and that the Hengduan Mountains supplied the majority of the Himalayan floral elements, which subsequently diversified from the late Miocene onward, to create today's relatively high endemicity in the Himalaya. Further, we uncover links between this Miocene diversification and the joint effect of geological and climatic upheavals in the Himalaya. There is marked variance regarding species dispersal, elevational gradients, and impact of climate change among plant species in the Himalaya, and our review highlights some of the general trends and recent advances on these aspects. Finally, we provide some recommendations for conservation planning and future research. Our work could be useful in guiding future research in this important ecosystem and will also provide new insights into the maintenance mechanisms underpinning other mountain systems.