bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronically controlled cooling pads can improve litter growth performance and indirect measures of milk production in heat-stressed lactating sows
Authors: Johnson Jay S , Jansen Taylor L , Galvin Michaiah , Field Tyler C , Graham Jason R , Stwalley Robert M , Schinckel Allan P 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeat stress (HS) decreases lactation output in sows due to an attempt to reduce metabolic heat production. However, this negatively affects litter growth performance. Therefore, the study objective was to determine whether electronically controlled cooling pads (ECP) would improve indirect measures of lactation output (e.g., total heat production [THP]) and litter growth performance in HS exposed sows. Over two repetitions, 12 multiparous (2.69 ± 0.85) lactating sows (265.4 ± 26.1 kg body weight [BW]) and litters were assigned to either an ECP (n = 3/repetition) or a non-functional ECP (NECP; n = 3/repetition) and placed into farrowing crates within indirect calorimeters from days 3.7 ± 0.5 to 18.7 ± 0.5 of lactation. Litters were standardized across all sows (11.4 ± 0.7 piglets/litter), and sows were provided ad libitum feed and water. All sows were exposed to cyclical HS (28.27 ± 0.26 °C nighttime to 33.09 ± 0.19°C daytime). On days 4, 8, 14, and 18 of lactation, indirect calorimetry was performed on each individual sow and litter to determine THP and THP/kg BW0.75. Body temperature (TB) was measured hourly using vaginal implants, and respiration rate (RR; breaths per minute [bpm]) was measured daily at 0700, 1100, 1300, 1500, and 1900 h. Sow feed intake (FI) was assessed daily. Litter weights were obtained at birth, on days 4, 8, 14, and 18 of lactation, and at weaning. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX with sow and/or litter as the experimental unit. An overall decrease (P &lt; 0.01; 25 bpm) in RR and maximum daily TB (P = 0.02; 0.40 °C) was observed in ECP vs. NECP sows. An increase in THP (P &lt; 0.01; 20.4%) and THP/kg BW0.75 (P &lt; 0.01; 23.1%) was observed for ECP when compared with NECP sows and litters. Litter average daily gain and weaning weight were increased (P &lt; 0.05; 25.0 and 19.2%, respectively) for ECP vs. NECP litters. No FI differences were observed (P = 0.40) when comparing ECP (5.66 ± 0.31 kg/d) and NECP (5.28 ± 0.31 kg/d) sows. In summary, ECPs improve litter growth, thermoregulatory measures, and bioenergetic parameters associated with greater milk production in lactating sows exposed to cyclical HS.
Survival rates of children and young adolescents with CNS tumors improved in the Netherlands since 1990: A population-based study
Authors: Hoogendijk Raoull , van der Lugt Jasper , van Vuurden Dannis , Kremer Leontien , Wesseling Pieter , Hoving Eelco , Karim-Kos Henrike E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionSurvival of children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors varies largely between countries. For the Netherlands, detailed population-based estimation of incidence, survival, and mortality of pediatric CNS tumors are lacking but are needed to evaluate progress.MethodsAll CNS tumors diagnosed in patients &lt;18 years during 1990-2017 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Other than pilocytic astrocytomas, nonmalignant tumors were included since 2000. Incidence and mortality trends were evaluated by average annual percentage change (AAPC). Changes over time in the five-year observed survival (5-year OS) were evaluated by Poisson regression models adjusted for follow-up time.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2017, 2057 children were diagnosed with a malignant CNS tumor and 885 with a pilocytic astrocytoma. During 2000-2017, 695 children were diagnosed with other nonmalignant CNS tumors. Incidence rates of malignant tumors remained stable, while pilocytic astrocytomas and other nonmalignant tumors increased by 2.0% and 2.4% per year, respectively. The 5-year OS rates improved for all groups; however, improvement for malignant tumors was not constant over time. The contribution of malignant tumors located at the optic nerve tumors was 1% in 2000-2009. However, shifting from pilocytic astrocytomas, increased to 6% in 2010-2017, impacting survival outcomes for malignant tumors.ConclusionSurvival rates of CNS tumors improved over time but were not accompanied by a decreasing mortality rate. The observed temporary survival deterioration for malignant tumors appears to be related to changes in diagnostics and registration practices. Whether differences in treatment regimens contribute to this temporary decline in survival needs to be verified.
The Radical Reformation, Paracelsian Networks, and Pseudo-Weigelian Alchemy
Authors: Zuber Mike A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter sketches theological and intellectual developments of the Reformation era that allowed rebirth to emerge as something distinct from baptism, after which it proceeds to show how rebirth came to be strongly associated with alchemy. Drawing on the legacy of Paracelsus, the spiritualist theologies of Caspar Schwenckfeld and Valentin Weigel sharply contrasted inward rebirth with the outward ritual of baptism. Particularly Weigel and his followers departed from the conception of forensic justification dominant in Lutheran orthodoxy. They posited rebirth as an alternative account of how believers could attain salvation. Pseudepigraphic texts attributed to Weigel first closely associated this understanding of rebirth with alchemy in the late sixteenth century.
Georg Lorenz Seidenbecher, Franckenberg’s Spiritual and Philosophical Son
Authors: Zuber Mike A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter documents how Abraham von Franckenberg actively apprenticed some of his contacts and correspondents as spiritual alchemists, most notably Georg Lorenz Seidenbecher. In his later years, Franckenberg became increasingly interested in alchemical literature. Exiled in Danzig due to the Thirty Years’ War, he encountered the young Seidenbecher in the summer of 1649. They met frequently, and Franckenberg gave Seidenbecher letters and manuscript texts to copy and internalise. Two letters to Tobias König and other texts that survive in an edition from the eighteenth century show how Franckenberg pointed his associates towards spiritual alchemy without giving it away too easily. Having left Danzig, Seidenbecher corresponded with Franckenberg until the latter’s death in 1652.
Dionysius Andreas Freher, Boehme’s Apostle to the English
Authors: Zuber Mike A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter details how Dionysius Andreas Freher brought the spiritual alchemy of rebirth from the Low Countries to England and thus served as the most important link for transmitting it to the nineteenth century. Freher arrived in Amsterdam in late 1685 and soon joined a religious commune near Leiden, led by Johann Georg Gichtel’s disciple Johann Wilhelm Überfeld. In this context, Freher immersed himself into the writings of Jacob Boehme for almost ten years. Eventually, his conflicts with Überfeld and news of Jane Leade’s Philadelphian Society in London prompted him to go to England. Not much is known about Freher’s life there, yet he seems to have acted as a Boehme expert who explained the theosopher’s opaque writings to an English audience. Freher’s main work on Boehme, Fundamenta mystica, also described the spiritual alchemy of rebirth. In shortened form, one of Freher’s treatises found inclusion in an influential nineteenth-century volume on alchemy.
Mary Anne Atwood and Her First Readers
Authors: Zuber Mike A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows how the earliest readers of the Suggestive Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery perceived its mystical bent and distinguished it from other interpretations of alchemy that denied its laboratory operations. Initially, Mary Anne South closely managed the circulation of the few remaining copies of her work. After she was widowed as Mrs Atwood in 1885, she became more forthcoming and shared exemplars with several London-based occultists, most of them associated with the Theosophical Society. Early readers such as Arthur Edward Waite and Patience Sinnett esteemed the Suggestive Inquiry more highly than the moral interpretation of alchemy proposed by Ethan Allen Hitchcock in the United States and other alternatives. Isabelle de Steiger became Atwood’s closest friend and guardian of her intellectual legacy. To her dying day, Atwood herself insisted on the importance of the spiritual alchemy of rebirth.
A Race to Save Everything
Authors: Taillant Jorge Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the origins of cryoactivism, a term the author coined to describe environmental activism to protect the world’s cryosphere (its frozen surfaces). It provides examples of how people around the world are adapting to climate change and helping protect, restore, and even create glaciers. The chapter also focuses on mitigation actions that people, governments, organizations, commerce, and industry can take to confront the causes of anthropogenic climate change, including passing laws to protect glaciers, but more importantly, taking actions to reduce emissions of super pollutants (such as methane, black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons) that can achieve significant global cooling results in the near term. The chapter also reviews the key global climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement.
Why for COVID but Not for Climate?
Authors: Taillant Jorge Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter is a reproduction of a previously published opinion piece examining the similarities of the challenges the global community faced during the COVID-19 crisis and the dynamics faced by catastrophic climate change trends. The chapter considers why the global community acted so quickly to address COVID-19 but seems not so pressed to tackle an even greater problem, irreversible climate change. It provides insights on the characteristics of these crises and the reactions of society to them and compares and contrasts these different but similar existential crises. The chapter also contrasts the views of the two authors, who are aged 52 and 20, and their different approaches to the solutions, which may offer insight and clues about how future generations will tackle and strive to resolve the climate crisis.
“A Farewell to Peace?”
Authors: Waller James 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The risk factors discussed in the previous three chapters are a creeping, erosive rot that continue to undermine the structural integrity and stability of Northern Irish society. If left unaddressed, they can drag this deeply divided “post-conflict” society back into the abyss of violent conflict. There are a range of internal and external accelerants, some of which could metastasize into triggers, that further threaten the stability of peace in contemporary Northern Ireland and increase the risk of violent conflict. Among these are (1) acute economic deterioration, (2) outbreaks of limited paramilitary violence, and (3) a vote on a united Ireland. These three accelerants are cross-cutting and intersecting. In the context of these accelerants further undermining the structural integrity and stability of Northern Irish society, there are a soberingly wide range of triggering factors that can make the return of violent conflict in contemporary Northern Ireland likely or imminent.
Globalizing Sportscapes
Authors: Parthasarathy D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
D Parthasarathi’s paper centres global sportscapes as indicative of global-local linkages and transnational flows of investment in clubs across nations and the spread of viewership and consumption across continents, but offers a different scope and perspective, through football within the political economy of leisure as it is played in the streets of Mumbai, Singapore and Bangkok. The changing politics of class, ethnicity, aspirations, and leisure among the urban working classes in these cities is illustrated using the lens of globalizing football. Heterotopic uses of public spaces through the sport of football, served as a counterstrategy of the urban poor, migrants, minorities and working classes against the dehumanizing and disciplining effects of alienating work and urban spatial exclusion. Some of these are also channeled into sport consumption cultures.
Sherpas in Himalayan Mountaineering
Authors: Marwah Vrinda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vrinda Marwah’s chapter presents a deeply perceptive exploration of the play of labour, identity, power and modernity in the lives of Sherpas in Himalayan mountaineering. The economy of mountaineering tourism and role of Sherpas’ labour forms the base for a further exploration using the lens of the sociology of sport. Reviewing three key Western texts on the Sherpas, the author unearths the why and how of Sherpas’ relationship to climbing, power dynamics of representation, the racial and gendered connotations of labour. Moving beyond these discussions, the sporting lens offers an enquiry into identity, advancement and labour within contemporary polity and society for the Sherpas as a community.
Local Clubs and Sports Culture in Kerala
Authors: Mohammed Irshad S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
S.Mohammed Irshad’s essay describes the crumbling of a local sports club in Kerala that was once the heart of a vibrant sports culture and deliberates upon the reasons for the decay. Being a symbol of community ownership and sustaining political mobilization, the local sports club promoted a civic culture within the community through local training and competition. However, the newly-emerging stadium-based sports and emergent cultures of party politics have slowly replaced the community-based sports clubs of old representing sports commons in nurturing talent to new institutions like the gymnasium and sports associations.
Sports, Celebrity, and the Sports Biopici
Authors: Nayar Pramod K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The biopic is integral to the sportsculture industry, and to celebrity cultures. It documents lives, and draws attention to the processes through which lives become spectacles and aspirational models for a country. This essay merges two domains of analysis: the sports celebrity and the biopic. It examines M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (MSD 2016), Sachin: A Billion Dreams (S 2016) and the older Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (BMB 2013) Pramod K Nayar describes the fashioning of the celebrity through the cinematic medium, unpacks the factors that make a sports celebrity worthy of a biopic and thereby expanding his/her marketability. Sports celebrities and cultures may once have been local, but today the very articulation of national pride demands the cooperation of global media forces and personalities. The transnationalization of local/regional/national celebrities enhances their local values, and implies a two-way process between the national and the global.
Breaking into the Press Box and After
Authors: Ugra Sharda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Who are the people who create the images and reportage we consume? What ‘makes’ a journalist in the sporting field? More specifically, what drives a woman to break into the all-male citadel of sports media? Sharda Ugra’s perceptive and illuminating first person account of her journey through the media boxes of cricket fields is not just fascinating, but opens up a Pandora’ box where intersecting entities of gender, sports and media interact. Her account brings into the discourse on sports in society the tensions at play among those who report on a sport, the sportspersons, the editors and the constraints of deadlines and media demands. This autobiographical account offers scholars an opportunity to explore sports in the context of those who communicate sports to society.
The Ocean Constitution
Authors: Bosco David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As national claims to ocean space proliferated, diplomats tried to set new rules for the oceans. The idea of the oceans as humanity’s “common heritage” gained support as an alternative to freedom of the seas. The negotiations featured divisions between the leading maritime powers, who were most concerned about preserving open access to the oceans, and many coastal countries more concerned with protecting regional waters. The diplomats eventually crafted an elaborate compromise that expanded the territorial sea to 12 miles and created a large new economic zone within which coastal states would have the right to regulate marine resources. A host of other provisions dealt with questions including passage through international straits, regulation of ice-covered areas, and the ocean rights of archipelagic countries. The United States, the leading maritime power, ultimately turned against the agreement, primarily because of concerns about how the treaty would regulate seabed mining.
The Convention in Operation
Authors: Bosco David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Post–Cold War ocean diplomacy appeared promising, particularly in the Arctic. Countries in the region negotiated maritime boundaries and cooperated on environmental concerns. Globally, several new maritime organizations took shape, including a tribunal and an organization to manage the deep seabed. Many countries proved eager to get more undersea territory, and they assembled legal claims to large areas of the continental shelf. These developments were accompanied by increased tension in the South China Sea, where China asserted special rights. Its moves provoked tension with other countries, including the United States. A collision between US and Chinese military aircraft highlighted the risks. The new legal framework for the oceans was tested in other ways, including through boarding operations and moves by countries to keep dangerous vessels far away from their coasts. The effort to control fishing activities continued and featured both dramatic high-seas chases and quiet negotiations by regional organizations.
Branching Space-Times
Authors: Belnap Nuel , Müller Thomas , Placek Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This book develops a rigorous theory of indeterminism as a local and modal concept. Its crucial insight is that our world contains events or processes with alternative, really possible outcomes. The theory aims at clarifying what this assumption involves, and it does it in two ways. First, it provides a mathematically rigorous framework for local and modal indeterminism. Second, we support that theory by spelling out the philosophically relevant consequences of this formulation and by showing its fruitful applications in metaphysics. To this end, we offer a formal analysis of modal correlations and of causation, which is applicable in indeterministic and non-local contexts as well. We also propose a rigorous theory of objective single-case probabilities, intended to represent degrees of possibility. In a third step, we link our theory to current physics, investigating how local and modal indeterminism relates to issues in the foundations of physics, in particular, quantum non-locality and spatio-temporal relativity. The book also ventures into the philosophy of time, showing how the theory’s resources can be used to explicate the dynamic concept of the past, present, and future based on local indeterminism.
The Foundations of Branching Space-Times
Authors: Belnap Nuel , MÜller Thomas , Placek Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this chapter the reader is guided through the construction of the core theory of Branching Space-Times. This discursive approach culminates in proposing a set of postulates that a structure of the core theory of Branching Space-Times (common BST) has to satisfy. The theory’s basic notion is that of a set of events, partially ordered by a pre-causal relation. Histories are then defined as maximal directed subsets of the base set. The chapter proves essential facts about histories and the postulates that the core of BST is assumed to satisfy. Among other things, it proves the so-called M-property that determines how any two point event in a common BST structure are related.
Discussion on Issues Related to the Use of Dynamic Assessment of Learners of a Spoken or Signed Language
Authors: Mann Wolfgang , Hoskin Joanna , Hasson Natalie , Dumbrill Hilary 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter is a joint discussion of key items related to the use of dynamic assessment (DA) in spoken and signed language assessment contexts that were discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.2. One aspect of spoken language assessment with great potential to inform new research in signed language is the number and detail of available approaches that test different parts of the language system. Whereas DA with signing children has been used exclusively for assessing vocabulary, approaches in spoken languages have also targeted morphology, phonology, sentence structure, and narrative discourse. In comparison, an area where the available research from signed language could help inform the use of DA for spoken language is the involvement of children and families in co-producing goals to guide assessment and intervention. The authors also raise a couple of aspects that are of equal relevance for both fields and which provide opportunities for increased interdisciplinary collaboration.
Assessing Signed Language Development in Deaf/Signing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Shield Aaron , Mood Deborah , Salamy Nicole , Henner Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors discuss assessment of signed language development in deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH) signing children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of sign in D/HH children with ASD is an area of growing research, with recent papers describing how the language profile of such children is both similar to and different from hearing/speaking children with ASD. The authors highlight the difficulties of assessing signed language in this population, focusing on a lack of tests designed specifically for D/HH children. Furthermore, they describe how variations in degree of exposure to sign at home and different behavioral norms in the Deaf community complicate identification and assessment. Finally, the authors suggest some directions for possible future research.
Language Assessment Literacy in Second Spoken Language Assessment Contexts
Authors: Harding Luke , Kremmel Benjamin , Eberharter Kathrin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of language assessment literacy (LAL) as it relates to spoken language assessment. The chapter begins by charting developments in how LAL has been defined and conceptualized in language assessment research. Then, specific knowledge and skills related to the assessment of spoken language are discussed, organized according to the nine dimensions of LAL identified in Kremmel and Harding’s survey-based study. Critical issues are raised throughout with respect to the unique challenges involved in assessing spoken language in a fair, equitable, and inclusive manner. The authors conclude by pointing to future directions for LAL and highlight the increasingly important role of technology in language assessment practices.