bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigasi Nitrogen Dan Amonia Pada Peternakan Ayam Broiler
Authors: Yatno Yatno , Adrizal Adrizal , Murni Rasmi , Yusrizal Yusrizal , Suparjo Suparjo , Tarigan Febryana Br 
Published: June 2021

Asam organik adalah asam yang berasal dari bahan-bahan organik sehingga pemakaiannya relatif tidak berbahaya bagi ternak, pekerja kandang dan lingkungan sekitar. Suplementasi ransum dengan senyawa asam organik tidak hanya menurunkan pH saluran pencernaan tetapi juga berpengaruh positif terhadap kecernaan protein dan penurunan kadar bakteri pathogen.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi asam organik dalam ransum mengandung Bungkil Inti Sawit (BIS) terhadap konsumsi ransum, konsumsi protein, protein efisiensi ratio (PER), dan retensi Nitrogen pada ayam broiler. Sebanyak 160 ekor DOC Strain Cobb digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah R0 (Ransum dasar), R1 (Ransum dasar + Asam Organik 0,5%, R2 (Ransum dasar + BIS 15%), R3 (Ransum + BIS 15% + Asam Organik 0,5 %). Peubah yang diamati yaitu konsumsi ransum, konsumsi protein, PER dan retensi Nitrogen. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA), jika berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Suplementasi asam organik dalam ransum yang mengandung BIS berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, konsumsi protein, dan PER, tetapi tidak nyata (P>0.05) terhadap retensi nitrogen. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi asam organik dalam ransum mengandung BIS mampu meningkatkan konsumsi ransum, konsumsi protein, dan PER namun belum mampu meningkatkan retensi Nitrogen
Reappearance of C-Peptide During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Type 1 Diabetes: Pancreatic Regeneration or Fetal Hyperinsulinism?
Authors: Meek Claire L. , Oram Richard A. , McDonald Timothy J. , Feig Denice S. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Murphy Helen R. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEWe assessed longitudinal patterns of maternal C-peptide concentration to examine the hypothesis of β-cell regeneration in pregnancy with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSC-peptide was measured on maternal serum samples from 127 participants (12, 24, and 34 weeks) and cord blood during the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women With Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial (CONCEPTT). C-peptide was measured using a highly sensitive direct and solid-phase competitive electrochemiluminescent immunoassay.RESULTSThree discrete patterns of maternal C-peptide trajectory were identified: pattern 1, undetectable throughout pregnancy, n = 74 (58%; maternal C-peptide &lt;3 pmol/L); pattern 2, detectable at baseline, n = 22 (17%; maternal C-peptide 7–272 pmol/L at baseline); and pattern 3, undetectable maternal C-peptide at 12 and 24 weeks, which first became detectable at 34 weeks, n = 31 (24%; maternal C-peptide 4–26 pmol/L at 34 weeks). Baseline characteristics and third trimester glucose profiles of women with pattern 1 and pattern 3 C-peptide trajectories were similar, but women in pattern 3 had suboptimal glycemia (50% time above range) at 24 weeks’ gestation. Offspring of women with pattern 3 C-peptide trajectories had elevated cord blood C-peptide (geometric mean 1,319 vs. 718 pmol/L; P = 0.007), increased rates of large for gestational age (90% vs. 60%; P = 0.002), neonatal hypoglycemia (42% vs. 14%; P = 0.001), and neonatal intensive care admission (45% vs. 23%; P = 0.023) compared with pattern 1 offspring.CONCLUSIONSFirst maternal C-peptide appearance at 34 weeks was associated with midtrimester hyperglycemia, elevated cord blood C-peptide, and high rates of neonatal complications. This suggests transfer of C-peptide from fetal to maternal serum and is inconsistent with pregnancy-related β-cell regeneration.
Freud: contribuições do estudo da palavra
Authors: Rios Cleusa 
Published: June 2021

Entrevista com Cleusa Rios Passos, professora titular da Faculdade de Filosofia Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, que tem experiência na área de Letras, com ênfase em Teoria Literária, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: Guimarães Rosa, estudo das formas narrativas e confluências entre crítica literária e psicanálise. Desde 2005, coordena (com outro docente) o grupo de pesquisa "Crítica Literária e Psicanálise". Entrevista: Elisabeth CardosoEdição: Ana Paula Rodrigues da Silva, Thiago Fonseca (TV-PUC)Música: PIPA estúdio
AUDIT ENERGI PROSES PENGOLAHAN TEH HITAM (CTC) DENGAN SISTEM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN METODE SPACE
Authors: Ramanda Muhammad Rizky , Nurjanah Sarifah , Widyasanti Asri 
Published: June 2021

The favorite product of black tea is tea leaf that are ground using the crush, tear and curl (CTC) method. This process able to produce the dry tea which has high quality with a strong aroma and taste, and high levels of antioxidants. This study aimed to conduct an energy analysis on the processing of black tea CTC at PTP. Nusantara VIII Rancabali to find out the steps towards efficient use of energy, opportunities and conservation efforts. The research method used is descriptive analysis method. The present paper conducted the energy audit calculations which are based on the energy consumption in each tea processing activity from the time. The calculation of energy audit was conducted from preparation of raw materials until the packaging of tea product. The results of the energy audit on the CTC black tea processing showed that for each ton of tea leaves required the energy is about 3.930,66 MJ.ton-1The greatest energy use is drying process which is at 1.424,67 MJ.ton-1 or 36,24%. The results of the analysis space was at quadrant conservative aggressive. Aggressive conservative steps that can be taken in the black tea processing are to develop activities towards energy saving, such as changing fuel from ordinary wood to wood pellets and adding or modifying machine tools so that the installed capacity of each processs to fulfill the capacity input of leaf tea. Key words: CTC, energy analysis, energy saving, processing of tea
Experimental study of shear deformation of the medium formed by the massif of ribbed grains
Authors: Mykulyak S.V. , Polyakovskyi V.O. , Skurativskyi S.I. 
Published: June 2021

The approach to the study of the seismically active zone as an open system that is in a state of self-organized criticality is becoming increasingly used in modern research. The models used in this approach should reflect the most characteristic features of such media: discreteness, nonequilibrium, nonlinear and nonlocal nature of interactions. In this paper, the medium is modeled by a granular massif with ribbed grains. Three different massifs are used in the research. Within one massif, all grains are identical, while grains from different massifs differ in shape (cubic or irregular ribbed) and characteristic size.
A number of experiments of shear deformation of such granular massifs were carried out in order to study the influence of the shape and size of grains on the statistical charac-teristics of the process. The influence of the stress state on the deformation properties of these media was also studied. The experiments proved the qualitative similarity of the behavior of different granular media. Obtained experimentally force jumps, represen-ting the reaction of the granular medium to shear deformation, obey the distributions in the form of power dependencies. However, the magnitudes of the forces arising in the massifs depend on the grain shape and size as well as the stress state in the massifs. The experiments with shear deformation of the granular media under the external action of small impulse stresses have shown that such action causes a smoother, devoid of sharp jumps, deformation. External perturbations shift the distribution of the force jumps towards smaller values, leaving their exponents unchanged.
The analysis of experimental results using nonadditive statistical mechanics confirmed the presence of long-range correlations in the massif of ribbed granules during its shear deformation.
ACTIVITY ETHANOL EXTRACT, ETHYLE ACETATE FRACTION, N-HEXAN FRACTION OF SOFO-SOFO LEAVES (Acmella cf) Against Propionibacterium acnes AND Staphylococcus epidermidis AS ANTIBACTERIES
Authors: Marbun Eva Diansari , Sapitri Alfi , Asfianti Vivi 
Published: June 2021

Sofo-sofo leaves are traditional medicinal plants that have been known by the Nias people to cure fever, coughs, diarrhea and antimicrobial infections on the skin surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethylacetate fraction Sofo-sofo leaf (Acmella cf) against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Simplicia powder was characterized and phytochemical screening was performed. Furthermore, it was isolated using 96% ethanol solvent and fractionated with n-hexane and ethylacetate to obtain extracts. Then test the antibacterial activity of each extract against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis by using a diffusion method disc paper. The research results obtained water content 5.66%, water soluble extract content 27.33%, ethanol soluble extract content 13.61%, total ash content 14.39%, and acid insoluble ash content 6.25%. The highest antibacterial activity was given by ethylacetate extract at a concentration of 2% (23.4 ± 0.2) compared to ethanol extract with a concentration of 2% (21.06 ± 0.85) and 2% concentrated n-hexane extract (19.36 ± 0.16) against the Propionibacterium acne bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 2% (23.24 ± 0.23), ethanol extract with a concentration of 2% (16.36 ± 1.76) and n-hexane extract at a concentration of 2% (15.36 ± 0 , 11) against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The antibacterial activity results were analyzed by the one way ANOVA test method. Based on these results it can be concluded that there are differences between treatment groups, which is indicated by a significant value <0.05.
PERAN TAMPILAN PRODUK, KEAMANAN DAN KEMUDAHAN PADA KEPUTUSAN BERTRANSAKSI MENGGUNAKAN JASA PENGIRIMAN SHOPEE
Authors: Dewi Septiana Novita , Aris Tri Haryanto  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to test and analyze the role of product display, security and ease of transaction decisions using Shopee's shipping services. This research was conducted in the Surakarta area. The object of this research is consumers who have transacted using the Shopee application. The population in this study were consumers who had shopped using the Shopee application who had made transactions at the end of 2019. The sample determination process was carried out based on consumer experience in using the Shopee application. Furthermore, it was ensured that the consumers who were the samples of this study met the specified criteria and were willing to fill out the questionnaire. If they were not willing and do not meet the criteria, then the consumer was skipped and then researcher looked for other consumers who met the sample criteria. By using this technique, not all populations in this study had the same opportunities as research samples. In this study the sample was 56 respondents. This study resulted in a regression equation, it can be seen that product appearance, security and convenience have a positive effect on the decision to transact using Shopee's shipping services. The results of the t-statistical test show that product appearance, security and convenience partially have a significant effect on the decision to transact using Shopee's delivery service
Keywords: Product Display, Security and Ease, Transaction Decision.
THE EFFECT OF TAX MINIMIZATION, BONUS MECHANISM, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, EXCHANGE RATE, AUDIT QUALITY ON TRANSFER PRICING DECISIONS
Authors: Marfuah Marfuah , Sanintya Mayantya  , Priyono Puji Prasetyo  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tax minimization, bonus mechanisms, foreign ownership, exchange rates, and audit quality on transfer pricing in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The population of this research was all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2019. By using the purposive sampling method, 81 companies were selected as the research sample. Based on logistic regression analysis, it was proven that the tax minimization variable has a significant positive effect on transfer pricing decisions. Likewise, the audit quality variable is proven to have a significant negative effect on transfer pricing decisions in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the bonus mechanism, foreign ownership, and exchange rate variables were not proven to have a significant effect on the company's transfer pricing decision. These results indicated that the greater the tax minimization carried out by the company and the lower the audit quality will increase the probability of the company in conducting transfer pricing, and vice versa. The results of this study have implications for encouraging the government to make regulations that can prevent transfer pricing practices between companies that have a special relationship that might harm the government from tax revenue.
Keywords: bonus mechanism; foreign ownership; tax minimization; transfer pricing
COMMUNICATIVE TASKS FOR IMPROVING FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPEAKING COMPETENCE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS
Authors: Lobachova Iryna 
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the implementation of communicative exercises in foreign language classes to improve the foreign language speaking competence of prospective teachers. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to consider the outlined problem for increasing the level of English language proficiency in order to personal and career prospects of prospective teachers. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and practical justification for the use of communicative exercises in the study of English in foreign language classes for prospective teachers in higher education. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to analyze the efficiency of using communicative tasks to improve students’ foreign language speaking competence; 2) to offer exercises for communication, which provide for the creation of life situations of foreign language communication; 3) to substantiate the efficiency of using these exercises to improve foreign language speaking competence of future teachers. To achieve this purpose the following research methods are used in the scientific article: generalization, analysis and synthesis, descriptive method, which allow to consider in detail the proposed problem and come to important conclusions. It is determined that the specificity of learning a foreign language is to create an artificial language environment, which is absent in practice in most cases. Foreign language space is extremely important for the realization of one of the factors influencing the acquisition of a foreign language – the speed of establishing associative language connections. It is found out that in the communicative environment both the conscious training of vocabulary and grammar, and the necessary language tools accumulate during communicative activities intuitively. The speed of appropriate language reactions, a sense of language are developed in this activity (phonetic, lexical, grammatical aspects). The permanent search for new teaching aids, the development of more effective methods of work are of practical importance for increasing the student’s motivation to learn a foreign language and automate the experience of its using. The proposed types of communication exercises create the most adequate conditions for the formation of language skills, stimulate the mechanisms of involuntary memorization, as well as provide for the solution of certain methodological, linguistic and psychological problems.
EFL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TO CRITICAL READING
Authors: Hromova Nataliia 
Published: June 2021

. Critical thinking skills are one of the key requirements for a modern specialist in the professional world nowadays. Applying critical thinking while reading texts must become the essential approach to dealing with information. This study focuses on an exploratory investigation of the students’ attitude to critical reading tasks at the English classes. The present survey aims at exploring low-intermediate students’ attitude to critical reading assignments used at the English classes. The main tasks are the following: 1) to carry out a survey on students’ attitude towards critical reading and critical reading instruction at university; 2) to test the students’ critical reading skills; 3) to interview the students on their assessment of the reading tasks to identify the habits of mind available to develop their critical reading skills. The data were collected from the students’ questionnaire, the critical reading test and the students’ interviews. The findings support the results of the foreign researchers’ surveys about the lack of curiosity, relevant habits of mind and the majority of textbooks containing factual tasks which hinder the development of the readers’ critical attitude to information. Although the students admitted the general importance of critical reading, they did not seem to understand the essence of these skills and showed indifference to critical reading tasks during the second and third stages of the experiment. Thus, the prospects of the further research aim at designing and implementation of a reading English texts program for university low-intermediate students which could involve more critical reading assignments to promote critical habits of mind.
Impacto de la aplicación de una metodología de marcación del cambium en la evaluación de vasos formados exclusivamente en el xilema bajo tratamiento de estrés hídrico
Authors: Monteoliva Silvia , Mozo Irina , Emilia Rodríguez María , Luquez Virginia M.C. 
Published: June 2021

La formación de xilema es un proceso cíclico a partir del cambium. La actividad estacional del cambium puede ser estudiada con diferentes metodologías (lesión mecánica en este trabajo). Identificar con exactitud el xilema formado durante un período de tratamiento de estrés abiótico permitiría realizar interpretaciones correctas en cuanto al efecto específico del estrés en la producción de xilema. Los objetivos fueron: 1- Evaluar si las mediciones de vasos realizadas sólo en el xilema formado durante el período de estrés hídrico tienen mayor sensibilidad que cuando se realizan en la totalidad del xilema; 2- Explicar los puntos más importantes de la técnica de marcación y los pasos metodológicos posteriores en el análisis morfométrico. Se trabajó sobre diez plantas de Salix matsudana ´NZ692´, a 5 plantas se las inundó por 35 días y las otras 5 fueron controles. Posteriormente crecieron por 28 días de recuperación. Las plantas fueron marcadas con una incisión de bisturí a nivel del cambium al inicio y al final del tratamiento. El análisis morfométrico de los vasos se realizó sobre 3 áreas en el xilema marcado: 1- sólo el área de tratamiento, 2- sólo el área de recuperación y 3- todo el crecimiento (suma de pre-tratamiento, tratamiento y recuperación). Los vasos producidos exclusivamente durante el período de estrés se diferenciaron de los vasos formados posteriormente y de los medidos en todo el tallo. Asimismo, la técnica de marcación del cambium permitió identificar el área específica de formación de xilema bajo estrés hídrico. La utilización de esta técnica relativamente sencilla, puede mejorar sustancialmente la interpretación de cambios anatómicos ocurridos en el xilema bajo estrés.
System of Mythonyms in Poetry of Ivan Bunin
Authors: Selemeneva O. A. 
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to one of the problems of literary onomastics — an inventory of onomastic units of literary texts as an integral part of the vocabulary of the language of a particular writer. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the poorly studied issue of the mythonymicon of poetry and prose by I. A. Bunin. The novelty of the work is associated with the description of the mythological names of Bunin the poet as an integral system. The classification of mythonyms is based on five principles: the source from which the name was used (there were three such sources: etiological, anthropogonic, heroic, cult and other types of myths; religious and philosophical literature; multi-genre works of Slavic folklore); the nominated image of a fantastic object (eleven semantic groups are recorded: mythoanthroponyms, theonyms, demononyms, mythotonyms, mythohydronyms, mythoornithonyms, etc.); etymology (otonymic, otapellative and special contextual mythological names are marked); structural type (simple or oneword mythonyms, complex, represented by a bilexeme, and compound mythonyms, two-word and three-word ones are fixed); the presence of connotations in semantics (names with negative and positive connotative backgrounds were found). The author comes to the conclusion that mythonyms in I.A.Bunin's poetry become those stable linguistic signs that carry a huge amount of historical and cultural information and have a rich associative potential, accumulating the specifics of the writer's worldview, they contribute to the modeling of the text space.
Metalanguage Attitude and Syntax of Secondary Text (Poetic Parodies by A. A. Ivanov)
Authors: Seagal K. Ya. 
Published: June 2021

The problem of the metalanguage attitude (in the development of the concept of D. N. Uznadze) and the specifics of the implementation of the metalanguage attitude in parody as a secondary text at the syntactic level are considered. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the development of the metalanguage aspect of speech activity in modern linguistics requires the concept of a metalanguage attitude. In addition, now it is necessary to understand how the metalanguage attitude is realized in the syntactic organization of secondary texts of a particular genre (in this case, parody). The novelty of the research lies in the creation of the general theory of the metalanguage attitude foundations, in substantiating the inclusion of the metalanguage attitude in the speech structure of parody, in the reconstruction of the elements of the parodist’s creative work on the syntax of both the original (primary) and his own (secondary) text. The poetic parodies of A. A. Ivanov were taken as material for the study, in which the metalanguage attitude, realized in the syntax, is placed at the service of the genre-stylistic conventions of parody, on the one hand, and the parodist’s aesthetic goal-setting, on the other. When analyzing poetic parodies of A. A. Ivanov, it was found that the syntactic realization of the metalanguage attitude is carried out on the basis of principles, operations and means. Four poetic parodies of A. A. Ivanov were subjected to detailed analysis.