bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid-type adenocarcinoma on thin-section CT: quantitative parameters from dual-energy CT associated with spread through air spaces
Authors: Tao Junli , Xu Hanshan , Shen Lili , Yin Ke 
Published: December 2024

Background Spread through air spaces (STAS) is a well-established factor associated with poor oncological outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for solid lung adenocarcinoma. There could potentially be a disparity in iodine uptake between patients with positive and negative airway spread of solid lung adenocarcinoma. Purpose To explore the associations and find correlations of iodine uptake with STAS status in patients who underwent surgery for solid lung adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods Patients who underwent solid lung adenocarcinoma resection between January and June 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Iodine concentration and CT features were assessed using contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) scans, and these were compared with the status of STAS. Results Of 52 patients included, 25 (48%) were STAS-positive and 27 (52%) were STAS-negative. There were no statistically significant differences in CT features between the two groups ( P > 0.05). STAS-positive was significantly associated with low arterial phase iodine concentration (ICA), normalized arterial phase iodine concentration (NICA), and venous phase iodine concentration (ICV), with a cutoff established at 1.15 mg/mL, 0.11, and 1.35 mg/mL, respectively ( P < 0.05). The AUCs for ICA, NICA, and ICV in predicting STAS in solid lung adenocarcinoma were 0.82, 0.83, and 0.73, respectively. ICA and NICA were identified as independent risk factors for STAS in solid lung adenocarcinoma, with a combined AUC of 0.89. Conclusion This study suggests that solid lung adenocarcinoma patients with low ICA, NICA, and ICVA were associated with STAS-positive, as well as a worse survival outcomes.
Impact of Social Vulnerability, Race, and Urbanicity on Surgical Timing for Patients With Craniosynostosis
Authors: Baker Katherine E. , Hecox Emily E. , McMinn Mary E. , Edwards Shelley R. , Lewis Jamie W. , Walker Savannah C. , Frederick Keeley B. , Humphries Laura S. , Hoppe Ian C. 
Published: December 2024

Prior studies have linked the timing of craniosynostosis surgeries to several postoperative outcomes. However, less is known regarding the influence of sociodemographic factors on surgical timing for this population. This study investigates the influence of social vulnerability index (SVI), race, and urbanicity on the timing of craniosynostosis surgery. Retrospective data from 2013 to 2023 were queried from Cosmos, a national deidentified database from Epic electronic health record. Patients were stratified into sociodemographic cohorts, and chi-square tests were used to compare the proportion of each cohort undergoing craniosynostosis surgeries before and after 6 months of age. More than 3000 patients were identified for each predetermined metric for sociodemographic analysis (SVI n = 3369, race n = 3541, urbanicity n = 3375). The proportion of patients undergoing surgery at 5 months or less decreased and those undergoing any surgery at 6 months or more increased ( P < .0001) with increasing SVI. There was also a significant association of surgical timing and patient race ( P < .0001) but not urbanicity. SVI and patient race are associated with the timing of craniosynostosis surgery. Specifically, higher social vulnerability and certain racial groups are correlated with delayed surgical intervention. This delay in presentation may result in the inability to take advantage of more minimally invasive options, such as strip craniectomy with or without cranial spring placement. These findings highlight the need for targeted, patient-specific, interventions to address disparities in access to timely craniosynostosis surgery.
Cancellous Grafting Versus Corticocancellous Graft With Volar Locked Plating for Scaphoid Waist Fracture Nonunion: An Evaluation of Early Bony Bridging
Authors: Stoltz Michael J. , Gainer James , Nyland John A. , Fehrenbacher Victor L. , Gupta Amit , Robinson Luke P. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Achieving bony union in scaphoid nonunion fractures is challenging. Various bone grafts have been studied using headless compression screws (HCS) fixation. However, the impact of bone graft choice on bone healing with volar locking plates (VLP) use is less clear. This study evaluates osseous bridging using packed cancellous grafting versus corticocancellous grafting when used during scaphoid waist nonunion repair with volar plating. Methods: A retrospective case series was performed of 22 consecutive patients with a scaphoid waist fracture nonunions that were treated with VLP fixation and bone autografts. Inclusion criteria required ≥90-day follow-up clinical examination and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. Graft types included corticocancellous or packed cancellous autograft harvested from the radius or iliac crest. Amount of bone healing and presence of residual dorsal intercalated segmental instability were determined by 3 fellowship-trained hand surgeons. Results: Twenty-two patients with scaphoid fracture nonunions that met study inclusion criteria were evaluated. Postoperative CT scan showed osseous bridging in 95% (21/22) of patients. Despite less time between surgery and the final follow-up CT scan (102.7 ± 59 days for packed cancellous autografts vs 133.6 ± 73 days for corticocancellous autografts), the packed cancellous autograft group displayed higher osseous bridging percentages compared with the corticocancellous graft (80.7% ± 17% vs 47.8% ± 35%, P = .013). Conclusion: Nearly all patients displayed osseous bridging on postoperative CT scan with VLP and autograft use. However, study findings suggest that packed cancellous autograft use displayed more robust early healing.
Therapeutic modalities of deferiprone in Parkinson's disease: SKY and EMBARK studies
Authors: Devos David , Rascol Olivier , Meissner Wassilios G , Foubert-Samier Alexandra , Lewis Simon , Tranchant Christine , Anheim Mathieu , Maltête David , Remy Philippe , Eggert Karla , Pape Heidi , Geny Christian , Couratier Philippe , Carroll Camille , Sheridan Ray , Burn David , Pavese Nicola , Raw Jason , Berg Daniela , Suchowersky Oksana , Kalia Lorraine V , Evans Andrew , Drapier Sophie , Danaila Teodor , Schnitzler Alfons , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Defer Gilles , Temin Noemi Toiber , Fradette Caroline , Tricta Fernando , Moreau Caroline ,   on behalf of a Parkinson's disease study group
Published: December 2024

Background Reducing nigrostriatal iron overload reduces neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Objective Examine the safety and efficacy of deferiprone in reducing motor disability progression in dopaminergic-treated and treatment-naïve patients with early-stage PD. Methods Two phase II, multicenter studies, SKY and EMBARK, enrolled patients diagnosed with early PD (<3 years from screening). In SKY, patients on stable dopaminergic therapy were randomized 1:1 to one of four dosage (or placebo-matching) cohorts (300, 600, 900, 1200 mg twice daily [BID]) for 9 months. EMBARK enrolled patients on stable dopaminergic therapy or treatment-naïve patients and received 15 mg/kg BID. For both studies, the primary outcome was the change from baseline to month 9 in motor examination score (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS] Part III). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02728843; ANZCTR: ACTRN12617001578392. Results Overall, 140 patients were randomized in SKY (28 per cohort). Thirty-six patients enrolled in EMBARK (27 dopaminergic-treated; 9 treatment-naïve). In the SKY study, all doses showed the same worsening as the placebo group, with the exception of the 600 mg dose, which was associated with non-significant reductions in MDS-UPDRS Part III least-squares mean (LSM) between baseline and 9 months (−2–8 points versus placebo). In EMBARK, LSM (SE) changes from baseline in MDS-UPDRS Part III were nonsignificant (–1.6 [1.7]) and significant (8.3 [3.9]) for dopaminergic-treated and treatment-naïve patients, respectively, the latter indicating disease worsening. Adverse events possibly related to deferiprone were reported in 35.7%–88.9% across all deferiprone groups vs. 42.9% for placebo. Conclusions SKY and EMBARK studies indicate that deferiprone combined with L-dopa does not provide significant motor function benefit, while the absence of L-dopa treatment worsens symptoms.
Metabolic connectivity of freezing in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tard Céline , Delval Arnaud , Defebvre Luc , Lenfant Pierre , Devos David , Moreau Caroline , Betrouni Nacim 
Published: December 2024

Background Freezing of gait (FoG) is among the most disabling gait disorders of Parkinson's disease. The full understanding of its mechanisms requires a network study approach. So far, FoG was mainly studied using magnetic resonance imaging, and especially using the resting state functional sequence, which does not completely reflect the brain actual modifications. Objective This study aims to investigate metabolic networks using position emission tomography (PET) imaging. Exploration after a rest or gait session combined with a delayed tracer's uptake are assumed to reflect the actual metabolism modifications. Methods Twenty-six patients in the off-drug state underwent two PET imaging sessions using [18F]- fluorodeoxyglucose, the first after 30 min of rest (rest condition) and the second after 30 min of real gait (gait condition). Twelve patients presented real FoG during cerebral glucose uptake. Brain connectivity matrices were measured for each group and condition, and then compared. Results In the rest condition, the freezing group showed globally reduced metabolic connectivity between brain regions compared to the non-freezing group. During gait, enhanced connectivity was observed in the cerebellum, cerebello-cortical loops and parieto-frontal regions, with high recruitment of the visual cortex in the freezing group. However, connectivity inside cerebellar networks remained lower in the freezing group than in the non-freezing group, while occipito-frontal connectivity was higher in the freezing group. Conclusions Studying real freezing of gait in a vertical position emphasized the role of the visual cortex and cerebellum in gait problems.
Anti-Hemorrhoidal Action of Aqueous Pithecellobium Dulce (Fabaceae) Seed Extract Through Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Vasoconstriction Pathways
Authors: Takvou Francis , Amang André Perfusion , à Kiki Atsang Gisèle , Mezui Christophe , Vandi Vandza Luc , Tchokomeni Siwe Gaël , Baponwa Odile , Tan Paul Vernyuy 
Published: December 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of Pithecellobium dulce aqueous extract on Jatropha oil-induced hemorrhoidal disease in rats. Methods 36 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals, including 3 controls (normal, negative and positive) and 3 tests groups. Hemorrhoidal disease was induced with Jatropha oil (100 μL) for 5 days in all animals except the normal control group. Recto-anal coefficient, hemorrhoidal permeability, hematological parameters, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Results Quantitative phytochemistry and in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-radical activity of the extract were determined. Extract of P. dulce at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (p ˂ 0.01) reduced recto-anal coefficient, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, accompanied by a significant (p < 0.001) increase of IL-5 and IL-10. Extract of P. dulce at different doses significantly reduced leukocyte and platelet counts and increased erythrocyte and hematocrit levels. Extract of P. dulce also significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities and significantly (p < 0.001) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Extract of P. dulce was able to trap DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals (64.9%) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiaoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals (69.1%), as well as a high iron reducing power (FRAP) of 56.2% and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the ABTS radical was 150 μg/mL compared to the butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) control (130μg/mL). In addition, extract of P. dulce showed high concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and saponins. Conclusion extract of P. dulce possesses anti-hemorrhoidal properties via mechanisms involving vasoconstriction, alongside enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status.
The Therapeutic Role of Gastrodin in Combating Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Bisphenol-A
Authors: Orji Obasi U. , Awoke Nonso J. , Uti Daniel E. , Obasi Otuomasirichi D. , Aja Patrick M. , Nwamaka Ezeaani N. , Umoru Grace Ufedo , Ogbu Patience N. , Udoudoh Mfon Paulinus , Alum Esther U. , Ogbu Celestine O. , Oodo Simon I. , Ibiam Udu A. 
Published: December 2024

Objective Insulin resistance is a key feature of, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it has been linked to an environmental pollutant bisphenol-A (BPA). Gastrodin, a derivative of Chinese medicinal herb, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can potentially ameliorate BPA-induced insulin resistance in albino rats. Method The study involved five groups of six rats each, including normal control, BPA-treated, metformin-treated, and gastrodin plus BPA-treated groups Insulin sensitivity index, homeostasis model assessment- index of insulin resistance (HOMA IR), and fasting insulin levels were assessed. Using ELISA, the study measured protein levels, including High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP,) Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), caspase-3, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and analyzed factors like thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-malondialdehyde (TBARS-MDA), reduced glutathione, and catalase activity. Results BPA administration causes insulin resistance in albino rats, reducing insulin sensitivity. Gastrodin treatment attenuates resistance, improves glucose levels, and increased insulin sensitivity. Gastrodin also mitigates oxidative stress.by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and restoring antioxidant enzyme activities, while TBARS-MDA was reduced. Studied inflammatory indicators included; C-reactive protein, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin 6. Notably, the administration of bisphenol-A caused a 2–3 fold increase in the serum levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6. All treatments by gastrodin (high and low doses) decreased these observed effects by bisphenol-A to values similar to the standard (metformin) and normal control rats. Gastrodin exerted its protective benefits via activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway, increasing AMPK phosphorylation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation, resulting in improved cellular defense against oxidative stress. Indicators of possible inflammations on bisphenol-A treatment were also investigated. Conclusion This shows that gastrodin might be a promising therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance-related problems.
Efficacy of a web-based psychoeducational intervention targeting young adults with sexual problems 1.5 years after cancer diagnosis—Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bergström Charlotta , Skog Rebecca , Eriksson Lars E , Lampic Claudia , Wettergren Lena 
Published: December 2024

Objective To test the efficacy of a web-based psychoeducational intervention, Fex-Can Sex, in reducing sexual dysfunction in young adults with cancer. Methods This randomized controlled trial evaluated a 12-week web-based self-help intervention. Young adults aged 19–40 who reported sexual dysfunction 1.5 years after cancer diagnosis were drawn from a population-based cohort. Participants were randomized to an intervention group (IG, n = 72) or a control group (CG, n = 66) that solely received standard care. Primary outcome was assessed by a domain of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures Information Systems® SexFS: “Satisfaction with sex life.” Secondary outcomes included additional SexFS domains, body image (BIS), emotional distress (HADS), health-related quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and self-efficacy related to sex. Surveys were completed at baseline, post-intervention, and three months later. Effects of the intervention were tested with t-tests, and linear mixed models (LMMs), including intention-to-treat and subgroup analyses. Additionally, the IG was asked about their experiences of the program with study-specific questions. Results There were no differences in primary or secondary outcomes between the IG and the CG at post-intervention. Subgroup analyses showed that individuals with greater sexual problems at baseline improved over time, regardless of group allocation. Participants spent a mean time of 20.7 min on the program. The study-specific items showed that the majority of participants in the IG appreciated the program and would recommend it to others. Conclusion The Fex-Can Sex intervention did not show effect on primary and secondary outcomes. Adherence to the intervention was low, and future interventions are recommended to include more interactive components to enhance usage. Clinical trial registration The trial was registered on 25 January, 2016 (trial number: 36621459).
Poetry of Motion: Ankle Biomechanics in Ballet Dance
Authors: Luo Emily Joan , Kutzer Katherine , Carvalho Kepler A.M. , Talaski Grayson M. , Ungs Madeline , Zirbes Christian , Casas Erik Jesus Huanuco , Acker Antoine , Easley Mark E. , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: December 2024

Category: Sports; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Ankle sprains are one of the most common acute injuries amongst ballet dancers and may lead to chronic ankle instability. Certain ballet positions, if performed incorrectly or with inadequate technique, can further increase the risk of bone and soft tissue injuries. Dancing en pointe, which forces the foot and ankle into extreme plantar flexion, has been reported as the most common mechanism of injury. While these injuries occur frequently, little research has been done to understand the biomechanics of the foot and ankle in ballet. The aim of this study was to use weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) and distance mapping to describe ankle joint mechanics in various ballet positions. Methods: This was an institutional review board approved case study analyzing five healthy professional ballerinas. WBCT scans were taken bilaterally in five different positions: a control/neutral position, first position, fifth position, plié, and relevé (en pointe). A semi-automatic software was used to segment models of all bones proximal to the first distal phalanx. Talar dome and gutter articulations were selected manually, and distances along the entire tibiofibular interface and gutter articulations were calculated using a previously published protocol. The mean syndesmosis width was calculated at 1 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm from the tibiotalar joint. Results: Syndesmotic widening was greatest in first position at 5 cm above the tibiotalar joint (Mean: 9.39 mm). The relevé position consistently had the greatest syndesmotic narrowing at all heights along the syndesmosis. The anteromedial gutter had the largest range in regard to distance mapping, with greatest joint space width in fifth position (Mean: 4.99 mm) and narrowest joint space in plié (Mean: 2.68 mm). More specifically, in fifth position the anteromedial gutter space was 71% wider than the control position. Conclusion: This study is the first of its kind to mechanistically describe the ankle as it relates to ballet dancing. Interestingly, syndesmotic and tibiotalar joint space widening was greatest in first and fifth position, which may suggest that external rotation plays a greater contributing role in ankle instability compared to plantarflexion in ballet. Future research with larger cohorts and more WBCT stress positions is needed to comprehensively understand the foot and ankle joint mechanics in this demanding sport.
Posterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome: An Updated Review of Outcomes, Treatments, and Techniques
Authors: Lin Shu , Fine-Lease Paul , Wingo Taylor , Gianakos Arianna 
Published: December 2024

Category: Arthroscopy; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS) is a common athletic injury, often associated in sports with repetitive ankle plantar flexion movements. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with PAIS with focus on emerging operative techniques. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane databases from within ten years from July 2013 to July 2023 in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Inclusion criteria consisted of all clinical studies evaluating posterior ankle impingement within the last ten years. Outcome measures included the following: visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-hindfoot score (AOFAS), return to sport time, and complication rates. Results: Nine studies evaluating 270 patients with a mean age of 24.7 years (mean range, 11.6-31.75 years) met inclusion criteria. Four studies were retrospective comparative studies evaluating open versus arthroscopic intervention. Five were case series, two evaluated open techniques, and three evaluated arthroscopic techniques. All studies that evaluated VAS pain and AOFAS clinical outcome scores reported improvements post-operatively for both groups. The return to sport ranges from 11.5 to 14.9 weeks with open treatment and 6.2 to 23.9 weeks with arthroscopic intervention. Arthroscopic group had six reported complications (2.83%), with infection and dysesthesia being the most reported. Open group also reported six complications (10.3%) with infection and sural nerve complications being the most commonly reported. Table 1 describes technical tips from each of the included studies. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that arthroscopic intervention for PAIS may result in quicker return to sports with lower rates of complications when compared with open excision and debridement. There are a variety of techniques utilized in order to afford ease and efficiency with minimally invasive arthroscopic strategies for PAIS. Future research including randomized controlled trials would be beneficial in order to clarify benefits of arthroscopic treatment of PAIS.