bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite size effect on the magnetic glass
Authors: Pal Sudip , Banerjee A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The nature of glass formation and crystallization in structural glass is yet to be understood despite the intense studies of many decades. Analogous to the structural glasses, hindered first order magnetic transitions produce magnetic glasses, where the volume fraction of two phases having long range structural and magnetic order are frozen in time. Here, we have prepared Pr0.5Ca0.5Mn0.975Al0.025O3 nanoparticles of different size as a case study and investigated the formation and stability of the magnetic glass state at the length scale of a few nanometers. We have observed a profound interplay between the glass state and sample size: stability of the glass state highly increases and scales linearly with decrease in the sample size. Smaller the particle size, slower is the crystallization rate. The crystallization occurs through both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation and is controlled by the surface to volume ratio of the particles. Our results emphasize on an important fact that glass transition is not a phase transition in actual sense, rather it is a kinetic phenomena. The length scale associated with different nucleation processes is an important length scale and it controls the glass dynamics. Besides, apart from the intrinsic metastability due to magnetic glass, we also distinguish a secondary source of relaxation, which is dominant at low magnetic fields, predominantly arising due to surface spin disorder.
The Effect of Newspaper Powder on Structural Concrete Pressure Fc ‘21, 7 Mpa
Authors: Agustapraja Hammam Rofiqi , Dhana Rio Rahma 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The development of the construction industry in the world will increase the need for concrete as a building material. It will continue to grow as well as the need for further concrete in the future. The Concrete is widely used in construction because it is easily formed according to the needs, especially the concrete-forming materials, namely sand, crushed stone, cement, and water. that materials are not difficult to obtain, maintenance does not require a lot of money, and has high compressive strength. The method used in this research is the experimental method at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Lamongan. In this study, the test object used was a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. The concrete compressive strength test is carried out after the concrete has been immersed for a 7 days treatment period, then a convention is carried out with a correction factor of 28 days. From the results of the normal concrete compressive strength test with 7 days of age converted to 28 days, the average value of 3 samples with a 3% percentage is 18.4 MPa, 5% percentage is 8.6 Mpa, and 10% percentage is 5.8 MPa. From the results of the compressive strength test of paper waste concrete with an age of 7 days converted to 28 days, the composition of 3% is suitable for use. So the 3% percentage of paper waste meets the requirements to be made into fine aggregate in concrete.
Utilization of multitemporal imagery for analysis of changes in mangrove cover by Using Cloud Computing Method in the East Coast Region of Lampung Province
Authors: Simarmata Nirmawana , Wikantika Ketut , Tarigan Trika Agnestasia , Aldyansyah Muhammad , Tohir Rizki Kurnia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The East Coast of Lampung Province has extraordinary potential, unique potential such as visual appeal. In addition, the coast also has the potential as a residential area, fishery cultivation, ponds, agriculture, ports, tourism and so on. However, behind its potential, the East Coast region of Lampung Province, especially the coastal area, is prone to destructive activities around the sea, the cause of the damage can be influenced by natural factors which include wave and tidal action. and human activities such as converting mangrove land to ponds. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in mangrove area cover using multitemporal imagery from 1991 to 2019. The research data used were Landsat imagery and Sentinel imagery. Identification of mangrove areas can be done through interpretation of remote sensing technology. Changes in mangrove land cover can be detected using multitemporal imagery. It is early to see how widespread the changes have been in a certain time frame. The use of remote sensing technology is one method that is widely used to map and determine the condition of an area using the classification method. Classification is designed to derive thematic information by classifying phenomena based on criteria. Satellite image processing is carried out using the image classification method with cloud computing-based software, namely Google Earth Engine (GEE). The sampling points for classification are evenly distributed in the mangrove area. Apart from mangrove objects, samples were also taken from water objects, urban areas, vegetation, ponds and coastlines. This aims to distinguish mangrove objects from other objects. Based on the results of image processing, the accuracy test obtained on the land cover map is above 85% because the image resolution used is a medium resolution image. The results of the field survey indicated that there was a change in mangrove cover to become ponds which resulted in a reduction in the area of mangrove cover.
Comparing The Toxicity of Some Formulate Synthetic and Organic Insecticides to Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae
Authors: Permana Agus Dana , Isnaini Nurhadini Fitri , Julita Ucu , Kinasih Ida , Rohmatillah Din Dzakamala Fafi , Putra Ramadhani Eka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Agricultural wastes had been considered as one of the major sources of environmental as most of the waste consist of organic wastes which produces a significant amount of greenhouse gases when decompose. Some studies showed the benefit of these wastes as a material for insect farming, such as larva of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens), to produce a protein and lipid-rich biomass for various types of bioindustries. However, other studies showed that most of the organic agricultural wastes originated from local farms, contaminated with insecticides. This condition caused a major concern on the health of the larvae during farming as the information on the effect of insecticide on black soldier fly larvae is considered rare. In this study, we tested the toxicity of some common synthetic and organic insecticides, applied in the local farming system, to black soldier fly larvae. Two types of synthetic insecticides (active ingredient endosulfan and profenofos) and one type of organic insecticide (a microbial insecticide with active ingredient 5-endotoxin) were mixed with commercial chicken feed which used as feeding material for the 10 days-old larvae. A total number of 120 larvae were used in this study and the mortality rate was observed for 72 hours. The result of this study showed LC50 of endosulfan was recorded at 236.25 ppm, profenofos at 380.62 ppm, and 5-endotoxin at more than 7600 ppm. All of this value significantly higher than insecticide residual limit regulation and reports on the level of insecticide residual level of common local agricultural products. Based on this study, it can be concluded that common organic agricultural wastes are applicable to be used as feeding material of black soldier fly larvae directly although further studies are needed regarding the safety of the final product of insect farming.
Production of biochar from Bitter Melon Seeds Waste by Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Khumairoh Puspita , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti , Purnomo Chandra Wahyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The rejection rate of seeds at a seed company is approximately 5% of total sorted seeds. Rejected seeds is difficult to treat and caused the problem in the environment. This research aims to produce carbon or biochar from rejected bitter melon seeds by pyrolysis method. The functional groups on the carbon formed was observed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR). The pyrolysis was carried out at temperature variations of 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C for 60 minutes. The yield of carbon using pyrolysis at temperature of 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C were 34,65%, 26,09%, and 24,22%, respectively. The results of FTIR spectrophotometer analysis on pyrolyzed carbon contain several functional groups of O–H, C=C, and C–O. This produced char can be recycled back to agriculture land as biochar for soil improvement.
Molybdenum Extraction from Spent Catalyst Using Citric Acid: Characteristic and Kinetics Study
Authors: Rezki Amelia Sri , Sumardi Slamet , Astuti Widi , Made Bendiyasa I , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Interest on the extraction of valuable metals from secondary resources has been increasing recently due to the environmental consideration. It includes the spent catalyst from hydrodesulfurization process from the natural gas purification unit in fertilizer industry to reduce sulfur content. With composition of molybdenum as one of the active elements, the spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst is indeed interesting to study, in order to be able to recover the molybdenum which is increasing within decades in need and unit price. In this study, recovery as well as extraction kinetics of molybdenum will be observed to calculate design parameters for scaling up process. The raw material used in this work is spent catalyst from PT. Pupuk Kujang Cikampek, Karawang, Indonesia. Leaching process was conducted with particle size -200 mesh, solid ratio of 1:5 and leaching time up to 120 minutes in the atmosphere condition by variated temperature (60, 80, 90°C) and pH (1.5, 2, 2.5) of citric acid. The solid samples before leached were analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), while the leaching filtrate samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The result of the experiment showed the maximum recovery of molybdenum at temperature of 90°C, during 120 minutes, and acid pH 1.5, 2, 2.5 were 71.20%, 34.66%, and 19.29% respectively. The independent variables used in this study showed a significant effect of molybdenum recovery, especially the acids pH. The kinetic model was evaluated by following the Shrinking Core model which considers diffusion is suitable to predict the leaching mechanism of molybdenum using citric acid.
The Identification of Krakatoa Tsunami Deposits Based on Comparison of Geological and Electrical Resistivity Tomography Method, in Kunjir, South Lampung
Authors: Rizka  , Fadhilah Rahmat , Piskora Beta Arroma , Putraloka Arvico , Alansyah Aviv , David Kris Hamonongan Parulian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The research location is located in Kunjir Village, Rajabasa District, South Lampung. This village is an area that was affected by the tsunami waves due to the eruption of Mount Krakatau in 1883 and the village worst affected by the Krakatoa tsunami on 22 December 2018 in Lampung. This research was conducted to determine tsunami deposits using geoelectrical methods which are correlated with stratigraphic observations and thin section petrographic analysis on river walls in the study area. The geoelectrical method used is Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). The ERT survey was carried out on 1 line located near the river. The purpose of the ERT survey is to determine tsunami deposits. Based on geological observations, it is suspected that there is a tsunami deposit in the form of a layer of sand mixed with pyroclastic and pumice rocks. Based on thin section petrographic analysis, it tends to show a pattern of changes in composition upward following changes in grain size. Based on the pseudo-section of the result of Electrical Resistivity Tomography processing, it is suspected that tsunami deposits were found in sandstone with a resistivity value of 17 - 100 Ωm.
Spatial Analysis of 2019 Peat Fire in South Sumatra Conservation Area
Authors: Putra Raden , Zurfi Alfian , Nufutomo Tastaptyani Kurnia , Lisafitri Yuni , Sari Novi Kartika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In 2019, Indonesia seasoned another haze disaster due to peat fires. In the South Sumatra province, fires occurred in most of the peatland areas. The research aims to identify peat fires that occur in protected forest areas in The South Sumatra. The boundary of the protected forest area is obtained from the Forest Department of South Sumatra Province. Meanwhile, the fire events in the study area were analyzed by the hotspot distributions data during the dry season 2019 (Juni-November). The identification of fires (hotspot data) on the peat area uses peat distribution data from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The geographic information system technique with a spatial analysis method is used in this research. The identification results show that only a small part of the peatland in the study area has the status of protected forest areas. Most of the protected forests in the South Sumatra peat area burned in 2019. The results of this study indicate that the natural conditions of the peat ecosystem in protected forest areas have been degraded due to fire events. On the other hand, peat fires in protected forest areas indicate human activity for resource use and land use in the area.
Did The 2019 Fire Events in South Sumatra Occur Predominantly on Peatlands?
Authors: Putra Raden , Nufutomo Tastaptyani Kurnia , Lisafitri Yuni , Sari Novi Kartika , Zurfi Alfian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The haze disaster in Indonesia is an anthropogenic disaster that recurs during the dry season. The current haze disaster is driven by a fire event that is divided into forest fires and peat fires. This study aim is identifying the fire events that have occurred in the South Sumatera region for the 1995-2019 period. The fire events that occur in the study area were analyzed using hotspot data during the observation period. Meanwhile, the peat distribution data is obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. To attain the research aim, the spatial analysis method using geographic information system technology was applied to the observation data. The results showed that the fire events in The South Sumatera were dominated by peat fires. During the observation period, approximately of all peat hydrological units in the study area experienced fires in varying intensity. Based on the result, until 2019 the fire events were recurring, especially in the peatlands of Sumatera. More precise and efficient needed to prevent and handle forest and land fires are needed.
Coal Characterization of South Sumatera Basin using the Unsupervised Machine Learning Method
Authors: Ayustyana E , Wibisono S A , Sihombing F M H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
South Sumatra Basin is one of the sedimentary basins in Indonesia which has coal bearing formation, coal-bearing formations are rock formations that have coal layers in its area. Numerous coal proximate data (free moisture, total moisture, moisture, inherent moisture, ash content, fixed carbon, sulfur content) and ultimate data (carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) have been collected in this basin. This study aims to determine the characterization of coal in the South Sumatra Basin based on the proximate data and ultimate data using the unsupervised machine learning methods. The machine learning method has several basic concepts, namely being able to predict data by studying several patterns and factors that have been trained in a short amount of time. The study able to cluster coal in the basin into two cluster of coals with striking difference. The distribution of the two coal clusters in the South Sumatra Basin possibly influenced by the age of the formation in the South Sumatra Basin. In the first cluster, it is distributed in the older Airbenakat Formation and Muaraenim Formation, while in the second cluster it is scattered in the younger Muaraenim Formation and the Kasai Formation. The formation ages of the youngest are the Kasai Formation, the Muaraenim Formation, and the Airbenakat Formation.
Microfacies and Diagenesis of Limestone in Bojongmanik Formation in the Western Endut Mountain Area, Lebak Regency, Banten Province Based on Petrographical Analysis Methods
Authors: Hidayatullah A. Y. , Sihombing F. M. H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bojongmanik Formation which especially formed in the Western Endut Mountain Area just has been done with very rarely research. Bojongmanik Formation exposed in the western Endut Mountain is a Late Miocene rock formation with limestone and sandy limestone lithology. This research used the analysis methods of petrographic observation, especially carried out on limestone lithology. Petrographic analyses have been carried out on 15 limestone samples from the research area. The petrographic analyses’ primary purpose is to determine the facies zone where the limestone are formed and to understand the diagenesis processes experienced by the rocks after its formation. The result shows that the limestone in the research area mainly consisted of framestone, bafflestone, Floatstone, Rudstone, and Packstone. Based on the analysis, limestone in this area has formed in slope, platform margin reef, and platform interior open marine facies zone. From the obtained facies zone, a two-dimensional model was made to get an overview of the paleo facies condition. It was concluded that the seaward was in the north and landward in the south. Various diagenesis processes that occurred after limestone in this area are formed are dolomitization, fracturing, micrite envelope, dissolution, recrystallization, inversion, marine cementation, burial cementation, and phreatic meteoric cementation. The diagenesis indicate burial, marine, and meteoric environment.
Classification Lithofacies Based on Petrophysics Properties and Clustering Algorithm in X Field
Authors: Saputra Asido , Puput Erlangga M , Handoyo  , Wijaksono Egie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lithofacies classification is one of the key modelling components in reservoir characterization. Log-facies classification methods aim to estimate a profile of facies at the well location based on the values of rock properties measured or computed in well log analysis (such as density, porosity, P-Wave, shale content and mineralogy). In this study, the classification of lithofacies was carried out in X field. The first step of classification lithofacies is cross-plot of each petrophysical data, the result of this step is used as a priori data to statistical facies classification (k-means algorithm). Lithofacies in this study were successfully separated into two facies namely sand and shale. The results obtained show that X Field is a gas saturated with sandstone as the main reservoir, especially in the Plover formation.
A Discrimination of Dry and Wet Processing Lampung Robusta Coffee using UV Spectroscopy and PLS-DA
Authors: Yulia M , Ningtyas K R , Kuncoro S , Suhandy D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Postharvest treatment of coffee, including processing coffee cherry into a green bean, highly influenced the coffee’s final flavor. In general, two types of coffee cherry processing have existed: dry (unwashed) and wet (washed) processing. This research aims to evaluate a possible application of UV spectroscopy and PLS-DA for the discrimination of dry and wet processing Lampung robusta coffee. A total of 50 samples were used as samples. All samples were roasted, ground, and sieved with mesh 50. An aqueous sample was prepared by using a water-based extraction procedure. The spectral data were measured in transmittance mode using a benchtop UV-visible spectrometer from 190 nm to 400 nm. The PCA and PLS-DA were used to discriminate between dry and wet processing coffee samples. PLS-DA models were developed based on UV spectroscopic data in the selected window from 220 nm to 350 nm for original and preprocessed spectra. The PLS-DA models were able to classify samples according to different bean processing methods with an acceptable result. This application could help identify and develop a certification of Lampung robusta coffee according to their bean processing method.
µXRF Application for Uranium Exploration (Case Study: Mamuju Deposit, Indonesia)
Authors: Savira D , Gunawan M A , Draniswari W A , Sukadana I G , Sihombing F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) is an advanced analysis technique from conventional XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) that allows analysis of smaller areas even inclusions with irregular shapes and non-homogeneous elements. This method has a spatial resolution up to 10 µm depends on the energy by X-rays so that the excitation beam at the smallest point of the sample surface can be detected. This study explains the application of µXRF to determine the type of deposit and the formation of uranium contained in Takandeang Village, Tapalang District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. The study began with surface geological and radiometry mapping, continued with geological drilling. Collected samples then undergo petrology, petrographic, and geochemical analysis. Three collected samples from drilling sample were analysed using the µXRF. From the analyses we found that the highest uranium anomaly is found in leucitite autobreccias. The anomaly that occurred in the study area was in the form of reconcentration of uranium elements in autobreccia rocks caused by hydrothermal activity which was also supported by magma type and structural control in the study area. In this study case we found that µXRF is usefull for uranium exploration.
The Dynamics of Densification of Dualistic Settlements in the Sub-Urban Area of Makassar City, Indonesia
Authors: Amri E , Selintung M , Manaf M , Nasution M A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The development of the densification pattern of suburban settlements is an increasingly interesting subject since it relates to urban development policies and the concept of a planning approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze; characteristics of spatial physical transformation, transformation to densification, and densification as process. The research method used was the qualitative descriptive method. The data were obtained by direct and indirect observation. The results showed the growth of planned and organic settlement densification patterns through the formation and development phases. The development phase is a process of the space function change from a residential area to a service and trade function. The development of densification patterns and spatial transformation of the residential area of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai was due to the land plot policy which has implications for the infilling development process. the area development process around the pattern development and transformation phases was influenced by the development of the BTP (central business district) as a growth center. This study recommends considering spatial transformation as a determinant of the growth of settlement densification patterns followed by future management policies for the settlement area of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai and its surrounding areas.