bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity‐Limited Na–M foil Anode: toward Practical Applications of Na Metal Anode
Authors: Han Jiatong , He Guang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe practical applications of Na metal anodes are severely plagued by unstable Na plating/stripping. Here the fabrication of Na‐rich Na–M (M = Au, Sn, and In) alloy anodes is reported as promising alternatives to address this issue. As compared to metallic Na foil anodes, the alloy foils exhibit improved electrolyte/electrode interface and provide abundant sodiophilic sites for efficient Na plating, while the self‐evolved porous Na‐M structures accommodate volume variation on cycling. Among three alloy foils, the Na–Au system shows the most promising performance. Under practical conditions such as capacity‐limited anodes (5 mAh cm−2) and large stripping/plating capacity (1.0 mAh cm−2), the Na0.9Au0.1 anodes demonstrate stable plating/stripping over 350 h. The proof‐of‐concept full cells assembled with hard carbon or Prussian blue materials and this thin Na0.9Au0.1 anode also have much elongated cycling life than for pristine Na metal anodes. These findings confirm that the rational design of Na–M alloy anodes can be a promising strategy to promote the development of Na metal batteries.
Reduction‐Sensitive Fluorinated‐Pt(IV) Universal Transfection Nanoplatform Facilitating CT45‐Targeted CRISPR/dCas9 Activation for Synergistic and Individualized Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lu Hongtong , Zhang Qingfei , He Shasha , Liu Sha , Xie Zhigang , Li Xiaoyuan , Huang Yubin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCompared to traditional clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system, CRISPR/dead Cas9 (dCas9) system can precisely regulate endogenous gene expression without damaging the host gene, representing a greater potential for cancer therapy. Cancer/testis antigen 45 (CT45) is proved to enhance platinum‐based chemosensitivity for individualized ovarian cancer therapy. However, the development of a single nanocarrier codelivering CRISPR/dCas9 system and chemotherapeutics for synergistic cancer therapy still faces challenges. Herein, a reduction‐sensitive fluorinated‐Pt(IV) universal transfection nanoplatform (PtUTP‐F) is developed for the CT45‐targeted CRISPR/dCas9 activation to achieve synergistic and individualized treatment of ovarian cancer. Overcoming multiple physiological barriers, PtUTP‐F condensed gene can efficiently transfect into different cells including 293T cells, A2780, SKOV3, A549, and A2780/cisplatin (DDP) cancer cells, which is superior to Lipofectamine 6000. With the responsive release of gene and Pt(II) in the intracellular reducing microenvironment, PtUTP‐F/dCas9‐CT45 can generate CRISPR/dCas9 activation of CT45 expression for protein phosphatase 4C (PP4C) activity inhibition to hinder the DNA repair pathway and thus enhances the sensitivity to Pt(II) drugs for individualized A2780 tumor therapy. The PtUTP‐F not only represents a powerful nanoplatform for CRISPR/dCas9 system delivery but also initiates a novel strategy for synergistic and individualized treatment of CRISPR/dCas9‐based gene therapy with chemotherapy.
Recent Advances in 2D Material‐Mediated Immuno‐Combined Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ma Baojin , Bianco Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the last years, cancer immunotherapy has started to attract a lot of attention, becoming one of the alternatives in the clinical treatment of cancer. Indeed, one of the advantages of immunotherapy is that both primary and distant tumors can be efficiently eradicated through a triggered immune response. Due to their large specific surface area and unique physicochemical properties, 2D materials have become popular in cancer immunotherapy, especially as efficient drug carriers. They have been also exploited as photothermal platforms, chemodynamic agents, and photosensitizers to further enhance the efficacy of the therapy. In this review, the focus is on the recent development of 2D materials as new tools to combine immunotherapy with chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, and radiodynamic therapy. These innovative synergistic approaches intend to go beyond the classical strategies based on a simple delivery function of immune modulators by nanomaterials. Furthermore, the effects of the 2D materials themselves and their surface properties (e.g., chemical modification and protein corona formation) on the induction of an immune response will be also discussed.
An Amorphous–Crystalline Nanosheet Arrays Structure for Ultrahigh Electrochemical Performance Supercapattery
Authors: Jiang Jing , Hu Yalin , He Xinrui , Li Zhipeng , Li Fu , Chen Xing , Niu Yi , Song Jie , Huang Pei , Tian Guiyun , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), also called supercapattery, which can substitute for low power density batteries have attracted extensive interest. However, when HSCs comes to commercial applications, there is still space for improvement in energy density. It seems that designing of electrode with high capacity is an effective measure. Herein, amorphous–crystalline MoO3‐Ni3S2/NF‐0.5 nanosheet arrays are developed as battery‐type electrodes. Specifically, the sheet‐like structure of crystalline Ni3S2 can achieve rich structural nanocrystallization, improving the redox reaction efficiency. Meanwhile, the disordered structure and irregular surface of the amorphous MoO3 are conducive to maximize the contact between the electrode and electrolyte, slowing down the volume change caused by the continuous charge–discharge process. As a result, it displays an ultrahigh areal specific capacity of 8.52 C cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, and superior lifespan up to 7500 cycles with 90.0% retention. Further, when assembled into HSCs, the specific capacity reaches 1.47 C cm−2, corresponding to an energy density of 4.18 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 0.34 mW cm−2. Totally, the design of the unique structure displays a valuable measure for rational development of high energy density hybrid energy storage devices that are not limited to supercapacitors.
Copper/Carbon Heterogenous Interfaces for Enhanced Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formate
Authors: Du Juan , Xin Yu , Dong Minghua , Yang Junjuan , Xu Qingling , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to formate is a promising route to prepare value‐added chemical. Developing low‐cost and efficient electrocatalysts with high product selectivity is still a grand challenge. Herein, a novel Cu anchored on hollow carbon spheres catalysts (HCS/Cu‐x, x represents the mass of CuCl2 added in the system) is designed with controllable copper/carbon heterogenous interfaces. Rich copper/carbon heterogenous interfaces and hollow structure of optimized HCS/Cu‐0.12 catalyst are beneficial to charge transmission. Compared with the CO2RR occurred in aqueous electrolyte over Cu‐based catalyst that has been reported to date, it exhibits highest formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 82.4% with a current density of 26 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability in a H‐cell.
3D Hydrazone‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks as pH‐Triggered Rotary Switches
Authors: Zhao Wenjuan , Yu Chengyang , Zhao Jie , Chen Fengqian , Guan Xinyu , Li Hui , Tang Bin , Yu Guangtao , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe property expansion of 3D functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is important for developing their potential applications. Herein, the first case of 3D hydrazone‐decorated COFs as pH‐triggered molecular switches is reported, and their application in the stimuli‐responsive drug delivery system is explored. These functionalized COFs with hydrazone groups on the channel walls are obtained via a multi‐component bottom–up synthesis strategy. They exhibit a reversibleE/Zisomerization at various pH values, confirmed by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and proton conduction. Remarkably, after loading cytarabine (Ara‐C) as a model drug molecule, these pH‐responsive COFs show an excellent and intelligent sustained‐release effect with an almost fourfold increase in the Ara‐C release at pH = 4.8 than at pH = 7.4, which will effectively improve drug‐targeting. Thus, these results open a way toward designing 3D stimuli‐responsive functionalized COF materials and promote their potential application as drug carriers in the field of disease treatment.
Sensitive, High‐Speed, and Broadband Perovskite Photodetectors with Built‐In TiO2 Metalenses
Authors: Xiao Ting , Zhao Jie , Sun Peng , Li Peng , Zhang Yaokang , Zhao Ni , Ren Zhiwei , Li Gang , Huang Zhifeng , Zheng Zijian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonolithic integration of nanostructured metalenses with broadband light transmission and good charge transport can simultaneously enhance the sensitivity, speed, and efficiency of photodetectors. The realization of built‐in broadband metalenses in perovskite photodetectors, however, has been largely challenged by the limited choice of materials and the difficulty in nanofabrication. Here a new type of broadband‐transmitting built‐in TiO2 metalens (meta‐TiO2) is devised, which is readily fabricated by one‐step and lithograph‐free glancing angle deposition. The meta‐TiO2, which comprises of sub‐100 nm TiO2 nanopillars randomly spaced with a wide range of sub‐wavelength distances in 5–200 nm, shows high transmittance of light in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm. The meta‐TiO2 also serves as an efficient electron transporting layer to prevent the exciton recombination and facilitate the photoinduced electron extraction and transport. Replacing the conventional mesoporous TiO2 with the meta‐TiO2 comprehensively leads to enhancing the detection speed by three orders of magnitude to a few hundred nanoseconds, improving the responsivity and detectivity by one order of magnitude to 0.5 A W−1 and 1013 Jones, respectively, and extending the linear dynamic range by 50% to 120 dB.
A Polysulfides‐Confined All‐in‐One Porous Microcapsule Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode
Authors: Liu Jinyun , Zhu Mengfei , Shen Zihan , Han Tianli , Si Ting , Hu Chaoquan , Zhang Huigang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping emerging materials for high energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is of great significance to suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides and to accommodate the volumetric change of sulfur. Here, a novel porous microcapsule system containing a carbon nanotubes/tin dioxide quantum dots/S (CNTs/QDs/S) composite core and a porous shell prepared through a liquid‐driven coaxial microfluidic method as Li–S battery cathode is developed. The encapsulated CNTs in the microcapsules provide pathways for electron transport; SnO2 QDs on CNTs immobilize the polysulfides by strong adsorption, which is verified by using density functional theory calculations on binding energies. The porous shell of the microcapsule is beneficial for ion diffusion and electrolyte penetration. The void inside the microcapsule accommodates the volumetric change of sulfur. The Li–S battery based on the porous CNTs/QDs/S microcapsules displays a high capacity of 1025 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. When the sulfur loading is 2.03 mg cm−2, the battery shows a stable cycling life of 700 cycles, a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.9%, a recoverable rate‐performance during repeated tests, and a good temperature tolerance at both −5 and 45 °C, which indicates a potential for applications at different conditions.
Conjugated Polymers: Optical Toolbox for Bioimaging and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wei Jinchao , Liu Ying , Yu Jie , Chen Ling , Luo Mai , Yang Lele , Li Peng , Li Shengliang , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConjugated polymers (CPs) are capable of coordinating the electron coupling phenomenon to bestow powerful optoelectronic features. The light‐harvesting and light‐amplifying properties of CPs are extensively used in figuring out the biomedical issues with special emphasis on accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and precise theranostics. This review summarizes the recent progress of CP materials in bioimaging, cancer therapeutics, and introduces the design strategies by rationally tuning the optical properties. The recent advances of CPs in bioimaging applications are first summarized and the challenges to clear the future directions of CPs in the respective area are discussed. In the following sections, the focus is on the burgeoning applications of CPs in phototherapy of the tumor, and illustrates the underlying photo‐transforming mechanism for further molecular designing. Besides, the recent progress in the CPs‐assistant drug therapy, mainly including drug delivery, gene therapeutic, the optical‐activated reversion of tumor resistance, and synergistic therapy has also been discussed elaborately. In the end, the potential challenges and future developments of CPs on cancer diagnosis and therapy are also illuminated for the improvement of optical functionalization and the promotion of clinical translation.
Lanthanide Upconverted Microlasing: Microlasing Spanning Full Visible Spectrum to Near‐Infrared under Low Power, CW Pumping
Authors: Yang Xiang‐Fei , Lyu Ze‐Yu , Dong Hao , Sun Ling‐Dong , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe miniaturization of lasers holds promise in ultradense data storage and biosensing, but greater pump power is required to reach the lasing thresholds to overcome increased optical losses with reduced resonant cavity sizes. Here, the whispering galley mode (WGM) of Yb3+/Tm3+ doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coupled with microcavities (≈5 µm) is used to achieve ultralow threshold upconverted lasing at 800 nm with excitation fluences as low as 4 W cm−2. The continuous‐wave (CW) upconverted lasing, with a Q factor on the order of 103, can remain stable for more than 6 h. In addition, ultralow threshold upconverted microlasers spanning the full visible spectrum from Yb3+/Er3+, Yb3+/Ho3+, and Yb3+/Tm3+ doped UCNPs are obtained with the same WGM cavity design. These upconverted microlasers working under low power CW 980 nm laser will enable promising applications in biosensing and imaging.
Bioinspired Photonic Ionogels as Interactively Visual Ionic Skin with Optical and Electrical Synergy
Authors: Lyu Quanqian , Wang Shanzhen , Peng Bolun , Chen Xiaodong , Du Shuo , Li Miaomiao , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the ever‐growing demands for flexible smart interactive electronics, it remains highly desirable yet challenging to design and fabricate interactive ionic skin with multiple signal synergistic outputs. Herein, high‐performance photonic ionogels (PIGs) with excellent stability and synergy sensitivity are designed by locking a non‐volatile and non‐hygroscopic ionic liquid (IL), that is, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIm][TFSI]), into photonic elastomers based on polymer networks of poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate (PEGPEA). Through manipulating the degree of crosslinking, PIGs exhibit high sensitivity that can output distinct and intuitive color change in visual with the mechanochromic sensitivity of ≈1.76 nm per percent strain and clear electrical signal with the gauge factor of 1, in response to a tiny stretch of millimeter scale. Thanks to the stable photonic elastomers and IL employed, the PIGs developed in this study exhibit good performance under harsh and complex environmental conditions, including high/low temperature (from −35 °C to 100 °C), dry/wet air, and high vacuum. This study provides a novel strategy for developing integrated, stable, and multifunctional photonic ionogels for ionic skin sensors and flexible interactive devices with synergistically optical and electrical output.
Ultralight‐Weight Graphene Aerogels with Extremely High Electrical Conductivity
Authors: dos Santos‐Gómez Lucía , García José R. , Montes‐Morán Miguel A. , Menéndez José Angel , García‐Granda Santiago , Arenillas Ana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe integration of 2D graphene sheets into a porous and macroscopic structure is extremely attractive for application in several electrochemical fields. In this regard, for the first time, the synthesis of 3D graphene aerogels is reported by using a rapid, easy, cost‐effective, and scalable at industrial level methodology. These aerogels integrate the intrinsic properties of graphene with a high pore volume. To achieve this ultraporous graphene network, resorcinol/formaldehyde polymer with controllable porosity is employed as a binder and a cross‐linker material, and a graphene oxide solution provides the graphene building blocks. Two series of materials with and without catalyst for resorcinol/formaldehyde reaction and with different synthesis conditions and graphene contents are studied. The resulting graphene aerogels present low density, large macroporosity, and electrical conductivity values as high as 852 S m−1, with 97.58% of porosity, which is the highest value of electrical conductivity reported so far in the literature for ultralight‐weight graphene aerogels.
Near‐Field Energy Transfer into Silicon Inversely Proportional to Distance Using Quasi‐2D Colloidal Quantum Well Donors
Authors: Humayun Muhammad Hamza , Hernandez‐Martinez Pedro Ludwig , Gheshlaghi Negar , Erdem Onur , Altintas Yemliha , Shabani Farzan , Demir Hilmi Volkan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSilicon is the most prevalent material system for light‐harvesting applications; however, its inherent indirect bandgap and consequent weak absorption limits its potential in optoelectronics. This paper proposes to address this limitation by combining the sensitization of silicon with extraordinarily large absorption cross sections of quasi‐2D colloidal quantum well nanoplatelets (NPLs) and to demonstrate excitation transfer from these NPLs to bulk silicon. Here, the distance dependency, d, of the resulting Förster resonant energy transfer from the NPL monolayer into a silicon substrate is systematically studied by tuning the thickness of a spacer layer (of Al2O3) in between them (varied from 1 to 50 nm in thickness). A slowly varying distance dependence of d−1 with 25% efficiency at a donor–acceptor distance of 20 nm is observed. These results are corroborated with full electromagnetic solutions, which show that the inverse distance relationship emanates from the delocalized electric field intensity across both the NPL layer and the silicon because of the excitation of strong in‐plane dipoles in the NPL monolayer. These findings pave the way for using colloidal NPLs as strong light‐harvesting donors in combination with crystalline silicon as an acceptor medium for application in photovoltaic devices and other optoelectronic platforms.
Engineering Tough Metallosupramolecular Hydrogel Films with Kirigami Structures for Compliant Soft Electronics
Authors: Yu Hai Chao , Hao Xing Peng , Zhang Chuan Wei , Zheng Si Yu , Du Miao , Liang Songmiao , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA simple and effective approach is demonstrated to fabricate tough metallosupramolecular hydrogel films of poly(acrylic acid) by one‐pot photopolymerization of the precursor solution in the presence of Zr4+ ions that form coordination complexes with the carboxyl groups and serve as the physical crosslinks of the matrix. Both as‐prepared and equilibrated hydrogel films are transparent, tough, and stable over a wide range of temperature, ionic strength, and pH. The thickness of the films can be easily tailored with minimum value of ≈7 μm. Owing to the fast polymerization and gelation process, kirigami structures can be facilely encoded to the gel films by photolithographic polymerization, affording versatile functions such as additional stretchability and better compliance of the planar films to encapsulate objects with sophisticated geometries that are important for the design of soft electronics. By stencil printing of liquid metal on the hydrogel film with a kirigami structure, the integrated soft electronics shows good compliance to cover curved surfaces and high sensitivity to monitor human motions. Furthermore, this strategy is applied to diverse natural and synthetic macromolecules containing carboxyl groups to develop tough hydrogel films, which will open opportunities for the applications of hydrogel films in biomedical and engineering fields.
Precise Control of Customized Macrophage Cell Robot for Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors with Minimal Invasion
Authors: Dai Yuguo , Bai Xue , Jia Lina , Sun Hongyan , Feng Yanmin , Wang Luyao , Zhang Chaonan , Chen Yuanyuan , Ji Yiming , Zhang Deyuan , Chen Huawei , Feng Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInjecting micro/nanorobots into the body to kill tumors is one of the ultimate ambitions for medical nanotechnology. However, injecting current micro/nanorobots based on 3D‐printed biocompatible materials directly into blood vessels for targeted therapy is often difficult, and mistakes in targeting can cause serious side effects, such as blood clots, oxidative stress, or inflammation. The natural affinity of macrophages to tumors, and their natural phagocytosis and ability to invade tumors, make them outstanding drug delivery vehicles for targeted tumor therapy. Hence, a magnetically controlled cell robot (MCR) based on a macrophage drug carrier is proposed. Here, living macrophages are converted into MCRs through endocytosis of specially‐designed magnetic nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin and indocyanine green. Following this, the MCRs can be transported to tumors through the blood vessels using external magnetic fields, and penetrate the blood vessels into the interior of the tumor due to their deformability. With the MCR's cascaded drug release, targeted killing of tumors in mice is demonstrated, with minimal effects on the normal surrounding tissue. The ability to impart precise drug doses onto natural cells, such as macrophages, and load various functional components into the MCRs, offers an efficient method for precise targeted therapy.
Creating Fluorine‐Doped MoS2 Edge Electrodes with Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Zhang Ruihua , Zhang Mengru , Yang Hao , Li Gen , Xing Shuming , Li Mengyan , Xu Yiling , Zhang Qiuyue , Hu Sheng , Liao Honggang , Cao Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe edge sites of MoS2 are catalytically active for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). However, pristine edge sites usually contain only intrinsic atoms or defects, limiting the tuning of on‐site hydrogen species adsorption and desorption, the critical steps for HER. In addition, the number of atoms on pristine edges is small compared to that of electrochemically inert atoms in bulk. Thus, it is desirable to develop a scalable technique of creating a large number of highly HER‐active edge sites. Here, a plasma etching strategy is developed for creating MoS2 edge electrodes with a controllable number of active sites that enable the quantitative characterization of their HER activity using a local probe method. Fluorine atoms with large electronegativity are doped on the MoS2 edge sites that lead to a fivefold activity enhancement compared to that from pristine edges and is attributed to the more moderate binding energy for hydrogen species. The scalability of such a method is further demonstrated by activating MoS2 catalyst in macroscopic quantities with enhanced HER performance and stability. The work provides two‐dimensional materials as a platform for understanding the doping effect on the edge sites at atomic‐level, and offers a novel route for the design of efficient catalysts.