bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving The Subdivision Accuracy of Photoelectric Encoder Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Jiang jiaqi , Dai jiahai , Zhang hongbo , Mu yusong , Chang yuchun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To improve the subdivision accuracy of a photoelectric encoder and reduce the effects of sinusoidal errors in the signals on the measurement accuracy of the system, we designed an optoelectronic chip to receive grating moiré fringe signals. An amplifier circuit with a hierarchical pipelined architecture was designed, and the photodetector array was matched with the code disk before processing the received signals. Thereafter, a quantitative analysis was performed on the sinusoidal errors in the signals. From the analysis results, a sinusoidal error compensation method based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was developed, and a subdivision error compensation model was established to correct the errors in the signals. Finally, a fast solution for the PSO algorithm was implemented on a field-programmable gate array, and a grating test platform was built for experimental verifications. The results showed that the peak-to-peak subdivision error of the encoder’s photoelectric signal decreased by approximately 60% from 2.98ʺ to 1.13ʺ. Therefore, the scheme proposed in this paper is expected to significantly improve the measurement accuracies of photoelectric encoders.
Dominantly acting variants in ARF3 have disruptive consequences on Golgi integrity and cause microcephaly recapitulated in zebrafish
Authors: Fasano Giulia , Muto Valentina , Radio Francesca Clementina , Venditti Martina , Ziegler Alban , Chillemi Giovanni , Vetro Annalisa , Pantaleoni Francesca , Pizzi Simone , Conti Libenzio , Petrini Stefania , Coppola Simona , Bruselles Alessandro , Prandi Ingrid Guarnetti , Chandramouli Balasubramanian , Barth Magalie , Bris Céline , Milani Donatella , Selicorni Angelo , Macchiaiolo Marina , Gonfiantini Michaela , Bartuli Andrea , Guerrini Renzo , Slavotinek Anne , Iascone Maria , Dallapiccola Bruno , Lauri Antonella , Tartaglia Marco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vesicle biogenesis, trafficking and signaling via the ER-Golgi network support essential processes during development and their disruption can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. We report that de novo missense variants in ARF3, encoding a small GTPase regulating Golgi structure and function, cause a neurodevelopmental disease showing microcephaly and progressive cortical atrophy, with microsomia and rib anomalies in severely affected subjects, suggesting a pleiotropic effect. All microcephaly-associated variants clustered in the guanine nucleotide binding pocket and perturbed the biochemical behavior of the protein by stabilizing it in a GTP-bound state. Functional analysis proved the disruptive consequences of the variants on Golgi integrity, and brain and body plan formation. In-depth analysis in zebrafish embryos expressing ARF3 mutants traced back the developmental alterations to defective gastrulation cell movements as the earliest detectable effect. Our findings document a role of ARF3 in Golgi homeostasis and demonstrate an obligate dependence for early development.
Variation of HbA1c with Hemoglobin level: A comparative study betweenD10 Biorad (HpLC) and Nycocard (Immunochromatography) analyser.
Authors: Bhattarai Arabinda Mohan , Parajuli Sulochana , Pradhananga Salina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Low-Carbon Alternative: The Effects of The West-East Gas Pipeline Project On Energy Savings And Emission Reduction — Based On Empirical Research In Hubei Province
Authors: Wu Jian , Cui Chunying , Guo Xiaoman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The extensive use of natural gas has created new opportunities for low-carbon primary energy composition, and has eased the peak value of carbon emissions before the complete transition to clean energy. To explore the impact of natural gas access on energy conservation and emission reduction in inland areas of developing countries, this study examines the policy intervention effects of the West-East Gas Pipeline Project in Hubei Province. In this paper, the causal inference of multi-bandwidth and multi-core analysis is made with breakpoint regression, and then the core conclusion of the counterfactual analysis is proven to be robust by using the synthetic control method. The results show that the transportation of natural gas from west-to-east to Hubei Province can reduce the intensity of carbon emissions, which demonstrates that it is an effective low-carbon energy alternative. The West-East Gas Pipeline Project can meet the demands of a large number of energy shortages caused by the rise of the manufacturing industry and can solve the energy bottleneck in the development process in the central and eastern regions of China. The West-East Gas Pipeline Project has ensured the coordinated development of the western, central and eastern regions in China, has stabilized the economic growth rate, and has achieved high-quality growth. These achievements can serve as a reference for guiding the energy conservation and emission reduction work of a considerable number of gas-importing central provinces.
Factors associated with retention in HIV prevention and treatment clinical services among female sex workers enrolled in a sex workers’ outreach program (SWOP) in Nairobi, Kenya.
Authors: Eshikumo Patrick , Awuor Patrick , Blanco Natalia , Lavoie Marie-Claude , Whittington Anna , Wangusi Rebecca , Kimani Joshua , Ngunu Caroline , Omai Jesca , Obwiri Wycliffe , Mutisya Immaculate , Koech Emily 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Female sex workers (FSWs) are among the key populations (KP) prioritized for comprehensive HIV programming in Kenya. Retention in the program is critical for prevention of HIV acquisition and transmission among FSWs and their sexual partners. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of data collected from FSWs enrolled between October 2016 and September 2017 at seven drop-in centers (DICs) in Nairobi, Kenya, to examine retention in HIV prevention and treatment services and identify the associated factors. We found a 3- and 12- month retention of 24% and 17%, respectively. FSWs aged 20-34 years old were less likely to be retained compared to those 50 years or older. FSWs enrolled in a DIC located in their sub-county of residence or reporting ever using HIV pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis were more likely to be retained. Identifying predictors of FSWs disengagement from HIV services can inform the design and implementation of retention-enabling interventions.
Diagnostic test accuracy study for the detection of bovine genital campylobacteriosis of preputial scrapings from beef bulls, in Uruguay: A Bayesian latent class model approach
Authors: Mederos America Esther , Galarraga Denise , Bloois Linda van der Graaf-van , Buczinski Sebastien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of three diagnostic tests for the detection of Campylobacter fetus venerealis (Cfv) using field samples were estimated using a Bayesian latent class model (BLCM), accounting for the absence of a gold standard. The tests were direct immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Twelve farms from two different populations were selected and bull prepuce samples were collected. The IFAT was performed according to the OIE Manual. The conventional PCR was performed as multiplex, targeting the gene nahE for C. fetus species identification and insertion element ISCfe1 for Cfv identification. The RT-PCR was performed as uniplex one targeting the gene nahE for C. fetus and the other targeting the insertion ISCfe1 (ISC2) for Cfv. Results from the BLCM showed a median Se of 11.7% (Bayesian credibility interval (BCI): 1.93% − 29.79%), 53.7% (BCI: 23.1% − 95.0%) and 36.1% (BCI: 14.5% − 71.7%) for IFAT, PCR and RT-PCR respectively. The Sp were 94.5% (BCI: 90.1% -97.9%), 97.0% (BCI: 92.9% − 99.3%) and 98.4% (BCI: 95.3% − 99.7%) for IFAT, PCR and RT-PCR respectively. The correlation between PCR and RT-PCR was positive and low in samples from both sampled population (0.63% vs 8.47%). These results suggest that diagnostic sensitivity of the studied tests is lower using field samples than using pure Cfv strains.
A nomogram to predict stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal cancer
Authors: Li Xue , Xing Jie , Li Peng , Zhu Shengtao , Zhang Qian , Zhang Shutian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Risk factors of esophageal stricture after ESD are inconsistent and incomprehensive, the present study aimed to identify a robust model to predict postoperative stricture.Methods: This retrospective study included 273 individuals underwent ESD for early esophageal cancer from January 1, 2014 to October 30, 2020 in Beijing Friendship Hospital. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate potential factors of stricture after ESD, followed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression to identify significant independent predictors after adjusting for covariates. Nomogram building based on multivariate Cox regression model was used to evaluate accuracy and discrimination by ROC curves and calibration curves respectively.Results: Stricture was identified in 28 patients (10%). The other patients were enrolled in non-stricture group (n=243). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that operation time (HR 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P<0.01), upper segment of esophagus (HR 6.48, 95%CI: 2.07-20.33, P<0.01), middle segment of esophagus (HR 3.42, 95%CI: 1.36-8.64, P<0.01), >3/4 circumferential lumen of esophagus (HR 6.32, 95%CI: 2.20-18.13, P<0.01), postoperative fever (HR 6.17, 95%CI: 1.75-21.77, P<0.01), were independent predictive factors for postoperative stricture. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram was estimated by the AUC of ROC curves was 0.93, 0.87, 0.87 at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years respectively.Conclusion: Longer operation time, >3/4 of the circumferential lumen of esophagus, located at upper and middle esophageal segment, and postoperative fever were independent risk factors of esophageal stricture after ESD.
Climate change experiences raise environmental concerns and promote green voting
Authors: Hoffmann Roman , Muttarak Raya , Peisker Jonas , Stanig Piero 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Public support is fundamental in scaling up actions to limit global warming. Here, we analyze the impact of exposure to climate extremes on environmental concerns and Green voting for 29 and 24 European countries, respectively. Combining high-resolution climatological data with regionally aggregated and harmonized Eurobarometer surveys and European Parliamentary electoral data at the subnational level, we find a significant and sizeable effect of temperature anomalies, heat episodes and dry spells on environmental concern and voting. The effect sizes differ substantially and are most pronounced in regions with a cooler Continental or temperate Atlantic climate, and weaker in regions with a warmer Mediterranean climate. The relationships are moderated by regional GDP suggesting that climate change experiences increase public support for climate action but only under favorable economic conditions. The findings have important implications for the current efforts to promote climate protection in line with the Paris Agreement.
Soil Temperature Strongly Increases: Evidences From Long-term Trends (1951 – 2018) in North-rhine Westphalia, Germany
Authors: Dorau Kristof , Bamminger Chris , Koch Daniel , Mansfeldt Tim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Soil temperature (ST) is an important property of soils and driver of below ground biogeochemical processes. Global change is responsible that besides variable meteorological conditions, climate-driven shifts in ST are observed throughout the world. In this study, we examined long-term records in ST by a trend decomposition procedure from eleven stations in Western Germany starting from earliest in 1951 until 2018. Concomitantly to ST data from multiple depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm), new snow cover (NSC), sunshine duration (SD), cloud cover (CC) and precipitation (PP) were measured and included in the multivariate statistical analysis to explain spatiotemporal trends in soil warming. A significant positive increase in temperature was more pronounced for ST (1.76 ± 0.59 °C) compared with AT (1.35 ± 0.35 °C) among all study sites. The impact of meteorological variables on trends in soil warming decreased in the order AT < PP < NSC < CD < SD. On average, soil temperatures increased by 0.29 ± 0.21 °C per decade and the trend accelerated from 1990 onwards. Especially the summer months (June to August) contributed most to the soil warming effect. Trends of ST were found up to +2.3 °C in 100 cm depth and are critical in many ways for ecosystem behavior, e.g., by enhanced mineral weathering or organic carbon decomposition rates. Spatiotemporal patterns of soil warming are embedded in a complex interplay of meteorological parameters and needs to be evaluated by trend decomposition procedures under a changing climate.
Smallholder Households’ Willingness to Pay for Conservation of Ecosystem Services of Alitash National Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Wassihun Agerie Nega , Feleke Fikeremaryam Birara , Bayeh Gebrehiwot Abebe , Nega Yitayew Malede 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite exceptional ecosystem services are provided by Altash National Park, anthropogenic activities exert immense pressures on the parks’ natural resources from the surrounding community which is eventually degrading the productivity of ecosystem services. Therefore, the aim of this study was economic valuation of ecosystem services of Altash National Park of Ethiopia. Using systematic random sampling 196 sample respondents were selected. Double bounded dichotomous choice followed by open ended format of contingent valuation method was used to state households’ willingness to pay (WTP) and their maximum WTP for conservation of ecosystem services of the park. Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model was employed to analyse the data. Results: First and second offered bid values, Sex of respondent, Years of living in Kebele, Education status, Distance from home to park, Benefit of preservation, Distance from farm to park, Training on park conservation were found to have statistically significant influence on households’ WTP for improving conservation of ecosystem services of the park. The expected aggregate WTP from double bounded dichotomous choice and open ended format was estimated 1,511,172.96 and 1,526,194.56 birr, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the findings, since all respondents were willing to pay for the conservation of ecosystem services of the park, for every decision and formulation of policies and strategies, participation of local communities should be considered. Finally, regular training and workshop should be delivered for local communities to enhance awareness about the environmental and economic values of the park and to develop sense of ownership.
The effects of CO2 database on a localized AquaCrop model construction based on the field experiment
Authors: li fawen , song chunya , li hua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To examine whether the use of default CO2 database affected the simulation results, this paper built the AquaCrop models of winter wheat based on the measured CO2 database and the default CO2 database, respectively. The models were calibrated with data (2017–2018) and validated with the data (2018–2019) in the North China Plain. The residual coefficient method (CRM), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and determination coefficient (R2) were used to test the model performance. The results showed that the accuracy of simulation under the two CO2 database were both good. Compared with the default CO2 database, the simulation accuracy under the measured CO2 database had higher accuracy. In order to verify the model further, the simulated values of evapotranspiration, soil water content and measured values were compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were some errors between the measured evapotranspiration and the values of simulation in the filling and waxing period of winter wheat. In general, the simulation values of evapotranspiration were consistent with the measured value at different irrigation levels. The simulated values ​​of the soil water content at the three levels of irrigation were all higher than the measured values, but the simulated results basically reflected the dynamic changes of soil water content throughout the growth period. The model adjustment value of WP*(the normalized water productivity) were a difference under the two CO2 databases, which is one of the reasons for the difference in the simulation results. The results show that in the absence of measured CO2 data, the default CO2 database can be used, which has little influence on the model construction, and the accuracy of the model constructed meets the actual demand. The research results can provide a basis for the establishment of crop models in North China Plain.
The Guiding Effect of Digital Image Based on Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic on Oval Root Canal Preparation
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Xia Wenjun , Tang Zisheng , Zou Yan , Bian Xiaohe , Qi Zhengnan , Lin Haoyi , Dong Minjun , Zhu Ling 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the guiding effect of digital image based on cone-beam computed tomographic in improving the quality of single oval root canal preparation.Methods: A premolar was selected by CBCT and a 3D-printed root canal model was made. Twenty postgraduates from the Department of Stomatology of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital were selected to perform root canal preparation on 3D printed oval root canal model teeth. They were randomly assigned to two groups(n=10) according to the guiding method received: CBCT original image (control group) and CBCT-based digital image (experimental group). CBCT scans were performed on the models before and after the guidance. The changes in root canal cleanliness, residual minimum thickness, transportation and over-preparation amount were analyzed.Results: The experimental group caused significantly more increased amount of cleanliness compared to control group(P<0.05)：6.0373% ±6.0766% in the control group and 13.7193%±6.7102% in the experimental group. There was no significant difference in the reduction of residual minimum wall thickness between the two groups (P>0.05)： 0.0154mm±0.2110mm in the control group and 0.0362±0.0444mm in the experimental group. In the control group, the transportation after second preparation was generally increased (increased 0.0084mm on average). In the experimental group, the transportation was generally reduced after second preparation (reduced 0.0081mm on average). But there was no significant difference in the transportation change between the two groups (P>0.05). After the second preparation, there was no significant difference in the amount of increased over-preparation between the two groups（P＞0.05）: 1.7029%±3.6622% in the control group and 3.5144%±4.8075% in the experimental group.Conclusions: Compared with traditional CBCT image guidance, the digital image method can significantly improve the cleaning effect of the oval root canal preparation. It didn’t result in more over-preparation and the amount of residual wall thickness was ensured. At the same time, it has a certain effect on reducing transportation after the guidance.
Patient Engagement in Decision Making and Associated Factors among Outpatients with Selected Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases in Public Hospitals of West Shoa, Ethiopia,2020
Authors: Emana Desalegn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the importance of patient engagement in health care decision-making in the care of patients with chronic diseases, there is limited information about it and the factors affecting it in Ethiopia in general and in the Public Hospitals of West Shoa in particular. Thus this study is designed to assess the engagement of patients with selected chronic non-communicable diseases in health care decision making and associated factors in public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was used. Systematic sampling was used for the selection of study participants from June 7 – July 26, 2020. Standardized, pretested, and structured Patient Activation Measure was used to measure patient engagement in healthcare decision-making. Descriptive analysis was done to determine the magnitude of patient engagement in health care decision-making. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with patients’ engagement in the health care decision-making process. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to measure the strength of association. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. The results were presented by tables and graphs.Results: A total of 406 patients with chronic diseases participated in the study yielding a response rate of 96.2%. Less than a fifth [19.5% (95% CI: 15.5, 23.6)] of participants in the study area had a high engagement in their health care decision-making. Educational level (college or above) [AOR=5.2, 95% CI (1.76-15.46)], duration of diagnosis >5 years [AOR= 1.8, 95% CI (1.03-3.2)], health literacy [AOR=1.15, 95% CI (1.06-1.24)], autonomy preference in decision making [AOR=1.35, 95% CI (1.03-1.96)] were factors significantly associated with participants’ engagement in health care decision making among patients with chronic diseases. Conclusion- Low number of respondents had a high engagement in their health care decision-making. Preference for autonomy in decision making, educational level, health literacy, duration of diagnosis with the disease were factors associated with patient engagement in health care decision making among patients with chronic diseases in the study area. Thus individualized patient-centered care and patient empowerment is essential among patients with chronic non-communicable diseases.
Proteomics Study of the Effect of Left Atrial Appendage Resection on the Energy Metabolism of Atrial Muscle in Beagle Dogs with Rapid Atrial Pacing
Authors: Chang Jing , Xing Yue , Yu Ting , Xue Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims The myocardial energy metabolism during atrial fibrillation（AF） is a research hotspot. Proteomics provides a new method for the study of atrial fibrillation; however, there are no related studies of the effect of the left atrial appendage（LAA） on the energy metabolism of the atrial muscle. We use proteomics to analyze the effect of resection of the LAA on the energy metabolism of the left atrial myocardial cells in beagle dogs with rapid atrial pacing.METHODS Nine beagle dogs were divided into three groups: the model group (rapid atrial pacing/LAA resection), the positive control group (rapid atrial pacing/LAA preservation), and the negative control group (sinus rhythm). Twelve weeks later, the atrial tissues were resected for proteomics study. Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) was used for the validation of the targeted proteomics.RESULTS 55 proteins were upregulated and 68 proteins were downregulated in the experimental vs. the positive control group. Proteins related to glucose and lipid metabolism were mainly downregulated, and mitochondria-related proteins were mainly downregulated during rapid atrial pacing compared with sinus rhythm. After resection of the LAA, glucose-metabolism-related proteins showed a significant upregulation trend, lipid metabolism-related proteins were further downregulated, whereas mitochondria-related proteins were upregulated compared with rapid atrial pacing with LAA preservation. PRM confirmed the reliability of the proteomics results.CONCLUSION In the setting of AF, the resection of the LAA had a relatively large effect on the energy metabolism structure by affecting the quantity and functions of mitochondria.