bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 1918 influenza pandemic did not accelerate tuberculosis mortality decline in early‐20th century Newfoundland: Investigating historical and social explanations
Authors: van Doren Taylor P. , Sattenspiel Lisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe selective mortality hypothesis of tuberculosis after the 1918 influenza pandemic, laid out by Noymer and colleagues, suggests that acute exposure or pre‐existing infection with tuberculosis (TB) increased the probability of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic, leading to a hastened decline of TB mortality in post‐pandemic years. This study describes cultural determinants of the post‐pandemic TB mortality patterns in Newfoundland and evaluates whether there is support for this observation.Materials and methodsDeath records and historical documents from the Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador were used to calculate age‐standardized island‐wide and sex‐based TB mortality, as well as region‐level TB mortality, for 1900–1939. The Joinpoint Regression Program (version 4.8.0.1) was used to estimate statistically significant changes in mortality rates.ResultsIsland‐wide, females had consistently higher TB mortality for the duration of the study period and a significant shift to lower TB mortality beginning in 1928. There was no similar predicted significant decline for males. On the regional level, no models predicted a significant decline after the 1918 influenza pandemic, except for the West, where significant decline was predicted in the late‐1930s.DiscussionAlthough there was no significant decline in TB mortality observed immediately post‐pandemic, as has been shown for other Western nations, the female post‐pandemic pattern suggests a decline much later. The general lack of significant decrease in TB mortality rate is likely due to Newfoundland's poor nutrition and lack of centralized healthcare rather than a biological interaction between P&I and TB.
Damage control surgery for spontaneous perforation of pyometra with septic shock: a case report
Authors: Matsumoto Ryo , Kuramoto Shunsuke , Muronoi Tomohiro , Oka Kazuyuki , Shimojyo Yoshihide , Kidani Akihiko , Hira Eiji , Watanabe Hiroaki 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAlthough spontaneous perforation of pyometra is very rare, it sometimes causes severe peritonitis, leading to lethal conditions. Damage control surgery reportedly improves the survival of critically ill patients; however, there has been no report describing damage control surgery for ruptured pyometra.Case presentationAn 83‐year‐old postmenopausal woman with generalized peritonitis and septic shock was admitted and underwent emergency laparotomy. Abbreviated surgery was carried out because of progressing septic shock, and planned reoperation was carried out 2 days after the initial surgery. Histopathological examination revealed the perforation of pyometra with no evidence of malignancy. The patient was discharged on the 32nd postoperative day in stable condition.ConclusionWe report a case of spontaneous perforation of pyometra with severe septic shock successfully treated by damage control surgery. Damage control surgery is a useful treatment option for hemodynamically unstable patients with diseases in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.
Auf zur Wasserstoffentwicklung: Das Infrarot‐Spektrum von hydratisiertem Aluminiumhydrid‐Hydroxid HAlOH+(H2O)n−1, n=9–14
Authors: Heller Jakob , Tang Wai Kit , Cunningham Ethan M. , Demissie Ephrem G. , van der Linde Christian , Lam Wing Ka , Ončák Milan , Siu Chi‐Kit , Beyer Martin K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydratisierte Al+‐Ionen eliminieren H2 in einem Bereich von 11 bis 24 Wassermolekülen. Wir untersuchten die Struktur von HAlOH+(H2O)n−1, n=9–14, durch IR‐Mehrfachphotonendissoziationsspektroskopie bei 1400–2250 cm−1. Aufgrund quantenchemischer Rechnungen ordnen wir die Merkmale bei 1940 und 1850 cm−1 der Al‐H‐Streckschwingung in fünf‐ bzw. sechsfach koordinierten AlIII‐Komplexen zu. Es werden Wasserstoffbrücken in Richtung des Hydrids beobachtet, beginnend bei n=12. Die Frequenz der Al‐H‐Streckschwingung ist sehr empfindlich gegenüber der Struktur des Netzwerks aus Wasserstoffbrücken, und die große Anzahl von Isomeren führt zu einer deutlichen Verbreiterung und Rotverschiebung der Absorptionen der wasserstoffbrückengebundenen Al‐H‐Streckschwingung. Das Hydrid kann sogar als doppelter Wasserstoffbrücken‐Akzeptor wirken und die Al‐H‐Streckschwingung zu Frequenzen verschieben, die unter denen der Wasser‐Biegemoden liegen. Das Einsetzen der Wasserstoffbrückenbindung und das Verschwinden der freien Al‐H‐Streckschwingung fallen mit dem Einsetzen der Wasserstoffentwicklung zusammen.
Void Space versus Surface Functionalization for Proton Conduction in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Sarango‐Ramírez Marvin K. , Park Junkil , Kim Jihan , Yoshida Yukihiro , Lim Dae‐Woon , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVoid space and functionality of the pore surface are important structural factors for proton‐conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) impregnated with conducting media. However, no clear study has compared their priority factors, which need to be considered when designing proton‐conductive MOFs. Herein, we demonstrate the effects of void space and pore‐surface modification on proton conduction in MOFs through the surface‐modified isoreticular MOF‐74(Ni) series [Ni2(dobdc or dobpdc), dobdc=2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate and dobpdc=4,4′‐dihydroxy‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐3,3′‐dicarboxylate]. The MOF with lower porosity with the same surface functionality showed higher proton conductivity than that with higher porosity despite including a smaller amount of conducting medium. Density functional theory calculations suggest that strong hydrogen bonding between molecules of the conducting medium at high porosity is inefficient in inducing high proton conductivity.
Enzyme‐Mediated In Situ Self‐Assembly Promotes In Vivo Bioorthogonal Reaction for Pretargeted Multimodality Imaging
Authors: Hu Yuxuan , Zhang Junya , Miao Yinxing , Wen Xidan , Wang Jian , Sun Yidan , Chen Yinfei , Lin Jianguo , Qiu Ling , Guo Kai , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Ye Deju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPretargeted imaging has emerged as a promising approach to advance nuclear imaging of malignant tumors. Herein, we combine the enzyme‐mediated fluorogenic reaction and in situ self‐assembly with the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction to develop an activatable pretargeted strategy for multimodality imaging. The trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) bearing small‐molecule probe, P‐FFGd‐TCO, can be activated by alkaline phosphatase and in situ self‐assembles into nanoaggregates (FMNPs‐TCO) retained on the membranes, permitting to (1) amplify near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence (FL) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals, and (2) enrich TCOs to promote IEDDA ligation. The Gallium‐68 (68Ga) labeled tetrazine can readily conjugate the tumor‐retained FMNPs‐TCO to enhance radioactivity uptake in tumors. Strong NIR FL, MRI, and positron emission tomography (PET) signals are concomitantly achieved, allowing for pretargeted multimodality imaging of ALP activity in HeLa tumor‐bearing mice.
Trifluoromethyl Nonaflate: A Practical Trifluoromethoxylating Reagent and its Application to the Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethoxylated Alkenes
Authors: Lu Zhichao , Kumon Tatsuya , Hammond Gerald B. , Umemoto Teruo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe trifluoromethoxy group has elicited much interest among drug and agrochemical discovery teams because of its unique properties. We developed trifluoromethyl nonafluorobutanesulfonate (nonaflate), TFNf, an easy‐to‐handle, bench‐stable, reactive, and scalable trifluoromethoxylating reagent. TFNf is easily and safely prepared in a simple process in large scale and the nonaflyl part of TFNf can easily be recovered as nonaflyl fluoride after usage and recycled. The synthetic potency of TFNf was showcased with the underexplored synthesis of various trifluoromethoxylated alkenes, through a high regio‐ and stereoselective hydro(halo)trifluoromethoxylation of alkyne derivatives such as haloalkynes, alkynyl esters, and alkynyl sulfones. The synthetic merits of TFNf were further underscored with a high‐yielding and smooth nucleophilic trifluoromethoxylation of alkyl triflates/bromides and primary/secondary alcohols.
GlnR‐mediated regulation of KstR controls cholesterol catabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Ma Heng , Liu Wei‐Bing , Zhang Xiao‐Peng , Hu Hao‐Qi , Gu Sheng‐Di , Yuan Hao , Ye Bang‐Ce 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTuberculosis, caused by mycobacteria, continues to pose a substantial public health threat. Mycobacteria typically use cholesterol from the membranes of host macrophages as a carbon and energy source. Most genes that control cholesterol degradation are regulated by KstR, which is highly conserved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Through bioinformatic analysis, we found a typical global nitrogen regulator (GlnR)‐binding motif (CCGAC‐AACAGT‐GACAC) in the promoter region of kstR of M. smegmatis, and we determined its binding activity in vitro using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Using RT‐qPCR, we found that nine genes involved in side‐chain or sterol‐ring oxidation were upregulated in a ΔglnR M. smegmatis strain compared to the WT strain and glnR‐complemented strains under nitrogen limitation. ATP assays in macrophages revealed that coordinated GlnR–KstR regulation significantly reduced the viability of M. smegmatis in macrophages. Thus, we found that various genes involved in cholesterol catabolism are regulated by GlnR via KstR in response to environmental nitrogen, and that they further affect the invasive ability of M. smegmatis. These findings revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of cholesterol catabolism, which may be useful in the development of new strategies for controlling tuberculosis.
UHPC‐BrückenfamilieIntegral – eine Systembeschreibung und Betrachtung der Vorteile bei der praktischen Umsetzung
Authors: Olipitz Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDie im Stahlbetonbau seit Jahrzehnten gängige Praxis von frühzeitigen kostenaufwendigen Instandsetzungen oder Ersatzneubauten lässt die Erkenntnis reifen, dass das Material Stahlbeton für stark exponierte Bauerwerke im Infrastrukturbereich durch ein leistungsfähigeres Material und dessen Bauweise zu ersetzen ist. In der Materialforschung hat sich im 21. Jahrhundert der UHPC (ultra high performance concrete) für die konstruktive Anwendung im Brückenbau mittlerweile aufgedrängt und bietet bei materialgerechter Anwendung auch sehr viele Möglichkeiten. Das Bausystem der UHPC‐BrückenfamlieIntegral wird in ihren Ausführungen bei der Anwendung von der Klein‐ bis zur Großbrücke beschrieben und stellt somit eine zukünftige Möglichkeit dar, UHPC‐Großfertigteile durchgängig im Brückenbau einzusetzen. Dabei stehen die Spezifika dieses Brückensystems im Zusammenhang mit dem materialgerechten Konstruieren im Vordergrund. Nur mit einer materialgerechten Konstruktion lässt sich das gewünschte Ziel der sowohl Ressourcen‐ als auch CO2‐Einsparung bereits in der Herstellungsphase A1 bis A3 erzielen. Einen weiteren wichtigen Aspekt zur Sicherstellung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Brückenkonstruktionen stellen die Detailausbildungen dar. Eine systemimmanente Integralisierung dieser Bauweise schafft die Voraussetzungen, dass das beschriebene Bausystem auch erhaltungsfreundlich im Betrieb ist. Die spezielle Geometrie der Bauweise sowie das helle Erscheinungsbild führen zu wesentlich geringeren Zwangsbeanspruchungen aus lastunabhängigen Einwirkungen gegenüber herkömmlichen Brückenkonstruktionen aus Stahl‐ und Spannbeton. In einer Schlussbetrachtung werden nochmals die Vorteile dieser Bauweise zusammengefasst sowie ein Ausblick für zukünftige Anwendungen gegeben.
The cell cycle and differentiation as integrated processes: Cyclins and CDKs reciprocally regulate Sox and Notch to balance stem cell maintenance
Authors: Muhr Jonas , Hagey Daniel W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDevelopment and maintenance of diverse organ systems require context‐specific regulation of stem cell behaviour. We hypothesize that this is achieved via reciprocal regulation between the cell cycle machinery and differentiation factors. This idea is supported by the parallel evolutionary emergence of differentiation pathways, cell cycle components and complex multicellularity. In addition, the activities of different cell cycle phases have been found to bias cells towards stem cell maintenance or differentiation. Finally, several direct mechanistic links between these two processes have been established. Here, we focus on interactions between cyclin‐CDK complexes and differentiation regulators of the Notch pathway and Sox family of transcription factors within the context of pluripotent and neural stem cells. Thus, this hypothesis formalizes the links between these two processes as an integrated network. Since such factors are common to all stem cells, better understanding their interconnections will help to explain their behaviour in health and disease.
Conferring thermotolerant phenotype to wild‐type Yarrowia lipolytica improves cell growth and erythritol production
Authors: Qiu Xueliang , Gu Yang , Du Guocheng , Zhang Juan , Xu Peng , Li Jianghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn microbial engineering, heat stress is an important environmental factor modulating cell growth, metabolic flux distribution and the synthesis of target products. Yarrowia lipolytica, as a GARS (generally recognized as safe) nonconventional yeast, has been widely used in the food industry, especially as the host of erythritol production. Biomanufacturing economics is limited by the high operational cost of cooling energy in large‐scale fermentation. It is of great significance to select thermotolerant Y. lipolytica to reduce the cooling cost and elucidate the heat‐resistant mechanism at molecular level. For this purpose, we performed adaptive evolution and obtained a thermotolerant strain named Y. lipolytica BBE‐18. Transcriptome analysis allows us to identify four genes in thiamine metabolism pathway that are responsible for the complicated thermotolerant phenotype. The heat‐resistant phenotype was validated with the model strain Y. lipolytica Po1f by overexpression of single and combined genes. Then, conferring the thermotolerant phenotype to the wild‐type Y. lipolytica BBE‐17 enable the strain to produce three‐times more erythritol of the control strain with 3°C higher than optimal cultivation temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first report on engineering heat‐resistant phenotype to improve the erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. However, due to the increase of culture temperature, a large amount of adenosine triphosphate is consumed to ensure the life activities of Y. lipolytica which limits the potential of cell synthetic products to a certain extent. Even so, this study provides a reference for Y. lipolytica to produce other products under high temperature.
Evaluation of the effects of notoginseng total saponins (NS), safflower total flavonoids (SF), and the combination of NS and SF (CNS) on the activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes using a cocktail method in rats
Authors: Li Yan , Lu Ying‐Yuan , Meng Yu‐Qing , Du Zhi‐Yong , Gao Peng , Zhao Ming‐Bo , Jiang Yong , Tu Peng‐Fei , Guo Xiao‐Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNotoginseng total saponins (NS), safflower total flavonoids (SF), and the combination of NS and SF, namely CNS, are used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in clinic. This study developed a cocktail assay involving seven cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to elucidate the effect of NS, SF, and CNS on CYP enzymes and to explore the synergistic effect of CNS in terms of CYP enzymes. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐MS and reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction were applied to detect the activities and mRNA expression levels of CYP enzymes. SF exhibited inhibitory effects on CYP1A2, 2B1, 2E1, and 2C11 and induction effects on CYP2C19 and 2D4. NS exhibited induction effects on CYP1A2, 2B1, 2E1, 2C11, 2C19, and 2D4. CNS exhibited induction effects on CYP1A2, 2B1, 2E1, 2C19, and 2D4 and inhibitory effects on CYP3A1 in vivo. Moreover, mRNA expression results were consistent with pharmacokinetic results. Potential herb–drug interactions should be studied closely when SF, NS, or CNS with clinical drugs are metabolized by CYP1A2, 2B1, 2E1, 2C11, 2C19, 2D4, and 3A1. CNS could change the inhibition or induction effects of CYP compared to the NS group, which might be one of the causes for the synergistic effects of the combination of NS and SF.
Collective influence of substrate chemistry with physiological fluid shear stress on human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Li Yan , Qin Zhongjie , Zhou Lin , Shahzad Khawar Ali , Xia Delin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, vascular scaffold materials play an extremely important role. The appropriate substrate chemistries and 15 dynes/cm2 physiological fluid shear stress (FSS) are both required to ensure normal physiological activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The present study reported the collective influence of substrate chemistries and FSS on HUVECs in the sense of its biological functions. The CH3, NH2, and OH functional groups were adopted to offer a variety of substrate chemistries on glass slides by the technology of self‐assembled monolayers, whereas FSS was generated by a parallel‐plate fluid flow system. Substrate chemistries on its own by no means had noticeable effects on eNOS, ATP, NO, and PGI2 expressions, while FSS stimuli enhanced their production. While substrate chemistries, as well as FSS, were both exerted, the releases of ATP, NO, and PGI2 were dependent on substrate chemistries. Study of F‐actin organization and focal adhesions (FAs) formation of HUVECs before FSS exposure proves that F‐action organization and FAs formation followed similar chemistry‐dependence. Hereby proposed a feasible mechanism, that is, the F‐actin organization and FAs formation of HUVECs are controlled by substrate chemistries, further advancing the modulation of FSS‐triggered responses of HUVECs.
Successful treatment of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features using rituximab as salvage therapy
Authors: Kapuczinski Abeline , Cotils Michel , Gombeir Yannick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features is a complex and heterogeneous research classification without clear management and should be discussed on a case‐by‐case basis in a pluridisciplinary way. Rituximab could be used for severe lung involvement. The coronavirus crisis can hide other pathologies in such a way that a diagnosis can be overlooked.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Phosphorus‐Containing ϵ‐Benzosultams by Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt‐Promoted Hydrophosphonylation
Authors: Zhang Song , Feng Zhenghuai , Jiang Chunhui , Yu Xiaojun , Pan Jianke , Du Juan , Jiang Zhiyu , Chen Yuan , Wang Tianli 
Published: May 2021

Abstractϵ‐Benzosultam derivatives are potential drug candidates with diverse biological activities. A series of chiral ϵ‐benzosultams bearing phosphorus functionalities was synthesized by catalytic asymmetric hydrophosphonylation in the presence of a bifunctional phosphonium salt catalyst. The desired hydrophosphonylation products were obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities, and scale‐up reactions and further derivations were successfully accomplished. Some control experiments were also conducted to elucidate the plausible reaction mechanism of this chemical transformation.
Rethinking Borole Cycloaddition Reactivity
Authors: Lindl Felix , Guo Xueying , Krummenacher Ivo , Rauch Florian , Rempel Anna , Paprocki Valerie , Dellermann Theresa , Stennett Tom E. , Lamprecht Anna , Brückner Tobias , Radacki Krzysztof , Bélanger‐Chabot Guillaume , Marder Todd B. , Lin Zhenyang , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBoroles are attracting broad interest for their myriad and diverse applications, including in synthesis, small molecule activation and functional materials. Their properties and reactivity are closely linked to the cyclic conjugated diene system, which has been shown to participate in cycloaddition reactions, such as the Diels‐Alder reaction with alkynes. The reaction steps leading to boranorbornadienes, borepins and tricyclic boracyclohexenes from the thermal reaction of boroles with alkynes are seemingly well understood as judged from the literature. Herein, we question the long‐established mechanistic picture of pericyclic rearrangements by demonstrating that seven‐membered borepins (i. e., heptaphenylborepin and two derivatives substituted with a thienyl and chloride substituent on boron) exist in a dynamic equilibrium with the corresponding bicyclic boranorbornadienes, the direct Diels‐Alder products, but are not isolable products from the reactions. Heating gradually converts the isomeric mixtures into fluorescent tricyclic boracyclohexenes, the most stable isomers in the series. Results from mechanistic DFT calculations reveal that the tricyclic compounds derive from the boranorbornadienes and not the borepins, which were previously believed to be intermediates in purely pericyclic processes.
Bench‐Stable Electrophilic Fluorinating Reagents for Highly Selective Mono‐ and Difluorination of Silyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Adachi Akiya , Aikawa Kohsuke , Ishibashi Yuichiro , Nozaki Kyoko , Okazoe Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEfficient methods for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds have been intensively studied, recently. Development of practical fluorinating reagents is indispensable for this purpose. Herein, bench‐stable electrophilic fluorinating reagents were synthesized as N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) substitutes. Reagents obtained by replacing one of the NFSI sulfonyl groups with an acyl group led to the highly selective monofluorination of silyl enol ethers with suppression of undesired overreaction, that is, difluorination. On the other hand, reagents bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents at NFSI benzenesulfonyl groups efficiently facilitated the difluorination of silyl enol ethers under base‐free conditions. Thus, both mono‐ and difluorinated target materials were prepared from the same substrate.
Automated System for Pouring and Filtration Tasks in Laboratory Applications
Authors: Neubert Sebastian , Junginger Steffen , Roddelkopf Thomas , Burgdorf Simon‐Johannes , Stoll Norbert , Thurow Kerstin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing established needle‐ and tip‐based liquid‐handlers partially restricts applications that require the handling of greater sample amounts, options for filtration or handling of liquids with uncommon behavior. In this paper the prototype development of a versatile liquid pouring device (vLiPD) is described, which offers complementary features to usual liquid‐handling solutions. For mapping the container characteristics, a geometrical and an on 3D‐CAD‐model‐based approach are introduced and compared. Influences by the liquids' behaviors are compensated by liquid‐specific calibration factors.