bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive Capacitive Pressure Sensors over a Wide Pressure Range Enabled by the Hybrid Responses of a Highly Porous Nanocomposite
Authors: Ha Kyoung‐Ho , Zhang Weiyi , Jang Hongwoo , Kang Seungmin , Wang Liu , Tan Philip , Hwang Hochul , Lu Nanshu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPast research aimed at increasing the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors has mostly focused on developing dielectric layers with surface/porous structures or higher dielectric constants. However, such strategies have only been effective in improving sensitivities at low pressure ranges (e.g., up to 3 kPa). To overcome this well‐known obstacle, herein, a flexible hybrid‐response pressure sensor (HRPS) composed of an electrically conductive porous nanocomposite (PNC) laminated with an ultrathin dielectric layer is devised. Using a nickel foam template, the PNC is fabricated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐doped Ecoflex to be 86% porous and electrically conductive. The PNC exhibits hybrid piezoresistive and piezocapacitive responses, resulting in significantly enhanced sensitivities (i.e., more than 400%) over wide pressure ranges, from 3.13 kPa−1 within 0–1 kPa to 0.43 kPa−1 within 30–50 kPa. The effect of the hybrid responses is differentiated from the effect of porosity or high dielectric constants by comparing the HRPS with its purely piezocapacitive counterparts. Fundamental understanding of the HRPS and the prediction of optimal CNT doping are achieved through simplified analytical models. The HRPS is able to measure pressures from as subtle as the temporal arterial pulse to as large as footsteps.
Synergistic Integration of Chemo‐Resistive and SERS Sensing for Label‐Free Multiplex Gas Detection
Authors: Han Hyeuk Jin , Cho Seunghee H. , Han Sangjun , Jang Ji‐Soo , Lee Gyu Rac , Cho Eugene N. , Kim Sang‐Joon , Kim Il‐Doo , Jang Min Seok , Tuller Harry L. , Cha Judy J. , Jung Yeon Sik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPractical sensing applications such as real‐time safety alerts and clinical diagnoses require sensor devices to differentiate between various target molecules with high sensitivity and selectivity, yet conventional devices such as oxide‐based chemo‐resistive sensors and metal‐based surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors usually do not satisfy such requirements. Here, a label‐free, chemo‐resistive/SERS multimodal sensor based on a systematically assembled 3D cross‐point multifunctional nanoarchitecture (3D‐CMA), which has unusually strong enhancements in both “chemo‐resistive” and “SERS” sensing characteristics is introduced. 3D‐CMA combines several sensing mechanisms and sensing elements via 3D integration of semiconducting SnO2 nanowire frameworks and dual‐functioning Au metallic nanoparticles. It is shown that the multimodal sensor can successfully estimate mixed‐gas compositions selectively and quantitatively at the sub‐100 ppm level, even for mixtures of gaseous aromatic compounds (nitrobenzene and toluene) with very similar molecular structures. This is enabled by combined chemo‐resistive and SERS multimodal sensing providing complementary information.
Nanoscale Probing of Surface Charges in Functional Copper‐Metal Organic Clusters by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy for Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kumar Rudra , Gupta Prachi , Sharma Satinder K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention especially as conceivable advanced gate dielectrics for next‐generation field‐effect transistors (FETs) and memory device applications. Dielectric surface charge retention mapping is essential for gauging the leakage current and threshold voltage stability. Due to a dearth of systematic real‐time surface charge probing of MOFs dielectrics, in this work, the nanoscale Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) technique is employed for the contact potential difference (CPD) analysis of developed hybrid copper–metal–organic clusters (Cu‐MOCs)/Si systems. Films are synthesized through the sol‐gel process consisting of copper metal core linked with organic ligands. With 3V positive and negative DC bias, charge injection offset between positive and negative bias is observed to be ≈190 mV, indicating the intrinsic Fermi level alignment between KPFM tip and sample surface charges. The high‐resolution surface CPD mappings bring forth the white (≈98 mV) and black (≈−91 mV) contrast profiles with hole (5.09 × 1012 cm−2) and electron (4.74 × 1012 cm−2) charge densities. Also, the 17 h time‐lapse enables the holes and electrons CPD mapping diameter shrinkage by ≈32% and 46%, respectively. In furtherance, a conductive filament model for host‐guest proton‐assisted conduction with charge hopping through fixed/mobile ions is proposed.
Superelasticity of Plasma‐ and Synthetic Membranes Resulting from Coupling of Membrane Asymmetry, Curvature, and Lipid Sorting
Authors: Steinkühler Jan , Fonda Piermarco , Bhatia Tripta , Zhao Ziliang , Leomil Fernanda S. C. , Lipowsky Reinhard , Dimova Rumiana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiological cells are contained by a fluid lipid bilayer (plasma membrane, PM) that allows for large deformations, often exceeding 50% of the apparent initial PM area. Isolated lipids self‐organize into membranes, but are prone to rupture at small (<2–4%) area strains, which limits progress for synthetic reconstitution of cellular features. Here, it is shown that by preserving PM structure and composition during isolation from cells, vesicles with cell‐like elasticity can be obtained. It is found that these plasma membrane vesicles store significant area in the form of nanotubes in their lumen. These act as lipid reservoirs and are recruited by mechanical tension applied to the outer vesicle membrane. Both in experiment and theory, it is shown that a “superelastic” response emerges from the interplay of lipid domains and membrane curvature. This finding allows for bottom‐up engineering of synthetic biomaterials that appear one magnitude softer and with threefold larger deformability than conventional lipid vesicles. These results open a path toward designing superelastic synthetic cells possessing the inherent mechanics of biological cells.
Giant Enhancement of Spin‐Orbit Torque Efficiency in Pt/Co Bilayers by Inserting a WSe2 under Layer
Authors: Xue Hongwei , Tang Meng , Zhang Yu , Ji Zhihao , Qiu Xuepeng , Zhang Zongzhi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are excellent candidate materials to study the effect of spin‐orbit torques (SOTs). Here, the effect of a WSe2 underlayer on the magnetic properties and SOT efficiencies are systematically investigated in Pt /Co bilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. SOT efficiency ξ shows an increasing trend as the inserted WSe2 monolayer number increases from 0 to 5, which is attributed to the elevated spin absorption at the WSe2/Pt interface where WSe2 acts as a spin sink. As the Co layer thickness tCo increases from 0.6 to 1.0 nm, ξ exhibits a maximum at tCo = 0.8 nm, which is mainly due to the nonmonotonic change of spin transmission at the Pt/Co interface. Moreover, the ξ value of WSe2 (5ML) /Pt/Co increases significantly when the measurement temperature decreases, which can be interpreted by the increased spin absorption capability of WSe2 due to the elevated spin mixing conductance at reduced temperatures. The findings provide deep insight into the origin of robust charge‐spin conversion in the TMD/Pt/Co system, which will promote the implementation of advanced SOT devices based on the 2D materials.
Arabica coffee yields and profitability improved by reducing the spacing within the rows
Authors: Pereira Carlos Theodoro Motta , Sera Gustavo Hiroshi , Sera Tumoru , Shigueoka Luciana Harumi , Carducci Fernando Cesar , Dias da Silva João Batista Gonçalves , Telles Tiago Santos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant spacing influences the yield of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivars and affects profitability; however, there are few studies on it. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and economic performance of Arabica coffee cultivars at different plant spacings. The experiment, conducted in Mandaguari, Paraná, Brazil, used a randomized block design with three replicates of seven plants in a split‐plot scheme. The treatments were eight cultivars (IPR 98, IPR 99, IPR 100, IPR 102, IPR 103, IPR 106, IPR 107, and Mundo Novo IAC 376‐4) at 2.75‐m inter‐rows and four plant spacings within the rows (0.45, 0.60, 0.75, and 0.90 m). The experiment was conducted between 2016 and 2020. Revenue, cost, and profit indicators were considered in the economic analysis. In general, the yields of the cultivars at closer spacings of 0.45 and 0.60 m were higher than at wider spacings of 0.75 and 0.90 m. Different plant spacing influenced the yields of IPR 98, IPR 102, and IPR 103 cultivars. High yields (>90 green coffee 60‐kg bags ha–1) were achieved with IPR 98, IPR 99, IPR 102, and IPR 103 cultivars, particularly IPR 98, which yielded 7,002.60 kg ha–1 at a spacing of 0.45 m. At 0.45‐m spacing, the IPR 98 cultivar presented the best economic result, with a positive impact on profitability.
Pore‐scale study of reactive transfer process involving coke deposition via lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yang Xuesong , He Yurong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoke deposition during catalytic industrial processes can lead to the narrowing and blockage of pore structures inside particles so as to influence the catalyst performance. In this work, a direct pore‐scale simulation is carried out by the lattice Boltzmann method to investigate the change of pore structures caused by coke formation. Coke deposition processes in the single pore and complex porous medium are evaluated. The interaction of pore structure and mass transfer under the condition of coke deposition is analyzed. The results reveal that the pore narrowing and blockage can hinder the viscous flow and Knudsen diffusion, resulting in the change of mass transfer mechanism, which is sensitive to gas rarefaction effect and coke deposition rate as well as surface roughness. For the complex porous medium, the uniformity of pore size distribution becomes weak under the gas rarefaction effect and coke deposition.
Genomic analysis of “microphenotypes” in epilepsy
Authors: Stanley Kate , Hostyk Joseph , Tran Linh , Amengual‐Gual Marta , Dugan Patricia , Clark Justice , Choi Hyunmi , Tchapyjnikov Dmitry , Perucca Piero , Fernandes Cecilia , Andrade Danielle , Devinsky Orrin ,   the pSERG Consortium, the EPIGEN Consortium, Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Depondt Chantal , Sen Arjune , O'Brien Terence , Heinzen Erin , Loddenkemper Tobias , Goldstein David B. , Mikati Mohamed A. , Delanty Norman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLarge international consortia examining the genomic architecture of the epilepsies focus on large diagnostic subgroupings such as “all focal epilepsy” and “all genetic generalized epilepsy”. In addition, phenotypic data are generally entered into these large discovery databases in a unidirectional manner at one point in time only. However, there are many smaller phenotypic subgroupings in epilepsy, many of which may have unique genomic risk factors. Such a subgrouping or “microphenotype” may be defined as an uncommon or rare phenotype that is well recognized by epileptologists and the epilepsy community, and which may or may not be formally recognized within the International League Against Epilepsy classification system. Here we examine the genetic structure of a number of such microphenotypes and report in particular on two interesting clinical phenotypes, Jeavons syndrome and pediatric status epilepticus. Although no single gene reached exome‐wide statistical significance to be associated with any of the diagnostic categories, we observe enrichment of rare damaging variants in established epilepsy genes among Landau–Kleffner patients (GRIN2A) and pediatric status epilepticus patients (MECP2, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A).
A homozygous ROR2 variant in a family with atypical Robinow syndrome and tetramelic transverse deficiency of autopods
Authors: Malik Sajid , Nalbant Gökhan , Noreen Moqadsa , Afzal Muhammad , Tolun Aslıhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present five members of a consanguineous Pakistani kinship with the most severe familial tetramelic transverse autopod deficiency reported to date and additionally having some of the common autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome‐1 (RRS1) features including short stature, short neck, severe vertebral anomalies of kyphoscoliosis, hemivertebrae, fusion of thoracic vertebrae, broad forehead, and dental crowding. We mapped the locus of this atypical RRS and detected homozygous 8‐nucleotide deletion c.1353_1360del (p.(Met452Alafs*4)) in ROR2, the gene responsible for RRS1. We did not find any other variant shared by all affected individuals that could possibly act as a modifier of limb defect. Autopods are affected in RRS1, but severe autopod deficiency is not a characteristic feature. Over 30 biallelic variants dispersed throughout the gene are known in ROR2‐related RS, with no genotype–phenotype correlation for specific RRS1 features. Considering together with the sporadic case homozygous for variant p.(Arg442*) and the case homozygous for p.(Arg441Thrfs*16) in a family where heterozygous members have brachydactyly type B1, we propose that homozygous truncating variants that originate at residues 441–452 can cause severe autopod reduction anomalies, suggesting some genotype–phenotype correlation for this particular phenotype.
The plasticity of late‐onset dementia: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Hegelund Emilie R. , Mehta Amar J. , Mortensen Laust H. , Westendorp Rudi G. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe determinants of the secular decline in the incidence of dementia are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of four factors—education, wealth, cerebrovascular health, and general health—on the secular decline.MethodsA cohort study was conducted of all individuals aged ≥65 years in Denmark from 2005 through 2018 (N = 1,757,168). Annual incidence rates of dementia and population attributable risks of the four factors were calculated and birth cohort trends were examined.ResultsThe incidence of dementia declined by 22.5% in men and 34.2% in women from 2005 through 2018. Population attributable risks of lower education, lower wealth, and stroke likewise declined. Independent of these improvements, the incidence of dementia fell across successive birth cohorts.DiscussionMost of the observed plasticity in late‐onset dementia is associated with a risk decline across successive birth cohorts that is independent of improvements in traditional risk factors.
Heavily Tungsten‐Doped Sodium Thioantimonate Solid‐State Electrolytes with Exceptionally Low Activation Energy for Ionic Diffusion
Authors: Feng Xuyong , Fang Hong , Liu Pengcheng , Wu Nan , Self Ethan C. , Yin Liang , Wang Pengbo , Li Xiang , Jena Puru , Nanda Jagjit , Mitlin David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA strategy for modifying the structure of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) to reduce the cation diffusion activation energy is presented. Two heavily W‐doped sodium thioantimonate SSEs, Na2.895W0.3Sb0.7S4 and Na2.7W0.3Sb0.7S4 are designed, both exhibiting exceptionally low activation energy and enhanced room temperature (RT) ionic conductivity; 0.09 eV, 24.2 mS/cm and 0.12 eV, 14.5 mS/cm. At −15 °C the Na2.895W0.3Sb0.7S4 displays a total ionic conductivity of 5.5 mS/cm. The 30 % W content goes far beyond the 10–12 % reported in the prior studies, and results in novel pseudo‐cubic or orthorhombic structures. Calculations reveal that these properties result from a combination of multiple diffusion mechanisms, including vacancy defects, strongly correlated modes and excessive Na‐ions. An all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) using Na2.895W0.3Sb0.7S4 as the primary SSE and a sodium sulfide (Na2S) cathode achieves a reversible capacity of 400 mAh g−1.
Bis(perfluoropinacolato)silan: Eine neutrale Lewis‐Supersäure aktiviert Si−F‐Bindungen
Authors: Tschernuth Florian S. , Thorwart Thaddäus , Greb Lutz , Hanusch Franziska , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObwohl Silicium ein einfach zugängliches und häufig vorkommendes Element der Erdkruste ist, gibt es bisher nur wenige Beispiele isolierbarer Lewis‐Supersäuren auf der Basis von neutralen Siliciumverbindungen. Um Löslichkeitsproblemen und unselektiven Deaktivierungsmechanismen entgegenzuwirken, stellen wir in dieser Arbeit eine Lewis‐Supersäure mit perfluorierten Pinakolat‐Substituenten vor. Die Titelverbindung wird auf einfachstem Weg im Gramm‐Maßstab als das Acetonitril‐Monoaddukt 1⋅(MeCN) synthetisiert und inklusive modernster Berechnungen vollständig charakterisiert. Untersuchungen der Lewis‐Azidität mittels Gutmann‐Beckett‐Methode und weiterführende Experimente zur Fluorid‐Abstraktion bestätigen den Charakter einer Lewis‐Supersäure. Die Aktivierung der Si−F‐Bindung von Et3SiF sowie vielversprechende Katalyse‐Experimente demonstrieren das hohe Potenzial Silicium‐basierter Lewis‐Säuren in der katalytischen Synthese.
Revision of hip flexor anatomy and function in modern humans, and implications for the evolution of hominin bipedalism
Authors: Sedlmayr Jayc C. , Bates Karl T. , Wisco Jonathan J. , Schachner Emma R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHip flexor musculature was instrumental in the evolution of hominin bipedal gait and in endurance running for hunting in the genus Homo. The iliacus and psoas major muscles were historically considered to have separate tendons with different insertions on the lesser trochanter. However, in the early 20th century, it became “common knowledge” that the two muscles insert together on the lesser trochanter as the “iliopsoas” tendon. We revisited the findings of early anatomists and tested the more recent paradigm of a common “iliopsoas” tendon based on dissections of hips and their associated musculature (n = 17). We rediscovered that the tendon of the psoas muscle inserts only into a crest running from the superior to anterior aspect of the lesser trochanter, separate from the iliacus. The iliacus inserts fleshly into the anterior portion of the lesser trochanter and into an inferior crest extending from it. We developed 3D multibody dynamics biomechanical models for: (a) the conjoint “iliopsoas” tendon hypothesis and (b) the separate insertion hypothesis. We show that the conjoint model underestimates the iliacus' capacity to generate hip flexion relative to the separate insertion model. Further work reevaluating the primate lower limb (including human) through dissection, needs to be performed to develop those datasets for reconstructing anatomy in fossil hominins using the extant phylogenetic bracket approach, which is frequently used for tetrapods clades outside of paleoanthropology.
SH2 Domain–Containing Phosphatase 2 Inhibition Attenuates Osteoarthritis by Maintaining Homeostasis of Cartilage Metabolism via the Docking Protein 1/Uridine Phosphorylase 1/Uridine Cascade
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Zhai Linhui , Han Mingrui , Shi Dongquan , Sun Ziying , Peng Shuang , Wang Meijing , Zhang Chenyang , Gao Jian , Yan Wenjin , Jiang Qing , Chen Dijun , Xu Qiang , Tan Minjia , Sun Yang 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveProtein tyrosine kinases regulate osteoarthritis (OA) progression by activating a series of signal transduction pathways. However, the roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in OA remain obscure. This study was undertaken to identify specific PTPs involved in OA and investigate their underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe expression of 107 PTP genes in human OA cartilage was analyzed based on a single‐cell sequencing data set. The enzyme activity of the PTP SH2 domain–containing phosphatase 2 (SHP‐2) was detected in primary chondrocytes after interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) treatment and in human OA cartilage. Mice subjected to destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and IL‐1β–stimulated mouse primary chondrocytes were treated with an SHP‐2 inhibitor or celecoxib (a drug used for the clinical treatment of OA). The function of SHP‐2 in OA pathogenesis was further verified in Aggrecan‐CreERT;SHP2flox/flox mice. The downstream protein expression profile and dephosphorylated substrate of SHP‐2 were examined by tandem mass tag labeling–based global proteomic analysis and stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture–labeled tyrosine phosphoproteomic analysis, respectively.ResultsSHP‐2 enzyme activity significantly increased in human OA samples with serious articular cartilage injury and in IL‐1β–stimulated mouse chondrocytes. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of SHP‐2 ameliorated OA progression. SHP‐2 inhibitors dramatically reduced the expression of cartilage degradation–related genes and simultaneously promoted the expression of cartilage synthesis–related genes. Mechanistically, SHP‐2 inhibition suppressed the dephosphorylation of docking protein 1 and subsequently reduced the expression of uridine phosphorylase 1 and increased the uridine level, thereby contributing to the homeostasis of cartilage metabolism.ConclusionSHP‐2 is a novel accelerator of the imbalance in cartilage homeostasis. Specific inhibition of SHP‐2 may ameliorate OA by maintaining the anabolic–catabolic balance.
Brückenwiderlager aus geokunststoffbewehrter Erde (KBE) ‐ Alternative für den Neubau und Ersatzbau von Brückenbauwerken
Authors: Placzek Dietmar , Mahrzahn Gero , Kranz Jörg , Oehler Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFür die Verbesserung der Infrastruktur in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist der Neu‐ und Ausbau von Straßen und Autobahnen mit dem Ersatz von Brücken und Widerlagern erforderlich, der auch mit Nachdruck betrieben wird. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch alternative Bauweisen untersucht, die zu einer Zeit‐ und Kostenreduzierung führen sollen. Eine dieser neuen und innovativen Bauweisen stellt die Herstellung der Brückenwiderlager aus geokunststoffbewehrter Erde (KBE) dar. Hierbei handelt es sich im Gegensatz zu den bisher vorhandenen und im Bau befindlichen Brücken in Deutschland um eine bisher nicht geregelte Bauweise, sodass für ein Pilotprojekt eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall erforderlich wurde. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden die Konstruktion, der Aufbau, die Berechnungs‐ und Bemessungsansätze, das begleitende Messprogramm und die Messergebnisse für die Brückenwiderlager dieses Pilotprojekts vorgestellt. Ebenso werden die Erkenntnisse dieses Pilotprojekts im Hinblick auf Standsicherheit, Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Bauzeit bewertet und ein Ausblick auf die Übertragbarkeit auf vergleichbare Bauprojekte gegeben.