bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clothing type and vitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohamed Shimels Hussien , Alizadeh Shahab , Tessema Masresha , Samuel Aregash , Petros Alemnesh , Hussen Alemayehu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Inconsistent reports have been made on the link of clothing style to vitamin D deficiency (VDD). However, there is no meta-analysis report on the link. Thus, we pooled the existing empirical evidence on the association of wearing concealing clothing with VDD and serum 25(OH)D level among healthy adult women.Method PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published until December 15, 2020 on the relation of clothing type with vitamin D status. Odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to summarize the estimates on the association of concealing clothing with VDD status and 25(OH)D level, respectively. The summary estimates were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses, with heterogeneity assessed by I2–metrics and subgroup analyses done by types of clothing and regions of residence. Result In total, 14 studies with a total of 11,332 individual participants were included. Overall, women who wear concealing clothing were 2.28 times more likely to develop VDD compared with women who do not wear concealing clothing (pooled OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.67, 3.10, P<0.001). The summary odds of VDD was 1.36 times higher among women who wear veil hijab compared with women who do not wear veil hijab (95%CI=1.49, 3.59, P<0.001). The summary odds of VDD was 2.25 times higher among women who wear long sleeve clothes compared with those who wear short sleeve clothes (95%CI=1.63, 3.11, P<0.001). The mean serum 25(OH)D level of women who wear veil hijab was also significantly lower by 6.48 ng/ml (pooled SMD= -6.48, 95%CI= -8.24, -4.73, P<0.001). Conclusion Clothing type, particularly fully concealing clothes like hijab, might be contributing to the burden of VDD. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role and dose of additional VD supplement to compensate the effect of concealing clothing (hijab) on VD status of women.
Prediction of species composition ratios in pooled specimens of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group using quantitative sequencing
Authors: Lee Do Eun , Kim Heung-Chul , Chong Sung-Tae , Klein Terry A. , Kim Ju Hyeon , Lee Si Hyeock 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Vivax malaria is transmitted by members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group that includes six species (Anopheles sinensis s.s., An. pullus, An. kleini, An. belenrae, An. lesteri, and An. sineroides) in Republic of Korea. Individual Anopheles species within the Hyrcanus Group demonstrate differences in their geographical distributions, vector competence and insecticide resistance, making it crucial for accurate species identification. Conventional species identification conducted using individual genotyping (or barcoding) based on species specific molecular markers requires extensive time commitment and financial resources.
Results
A population-based quantitative sequencing (QS) protocol developed in this study provided a rapid estimate of species composition ratios among pooled mosquitoes as a cost-effective alternative to individual genotyping. This can be accomplished by using species- or group-specific nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region as species identification markers in a two-step prediction protocol. Standard genomic DNA fragments of COI and ITS2 genes were amplified from each Anopheles species using group-specific universal primer sets. Following sequencing of the COI or ITS2 amplicons generated from sets of standard DNA mixtures, equations were generated via linear regression to predict species-specific nucleotide sequence frequencies at different loci. Species composition ratios between An. sineroides, An. pullus and An. lesteri were estimated from QS of the COI amplicons based on the mC.260A, mC.122C and mC.525C markers at the first step, followed by the prediction of species composition ratios between An. sinensis, An. kleini and An. belenrae based on QS of the ITS2 amplicons using the rI.370G and rI.389T markers. A blind test proved that predicted species composition ratios were not statistically different from the actual values, demonstrating that the QS-based prediction is accurate and reliable.
Conclusions
This two-step prediction protocol will facilitate rapid estimation of the species composition ratios in field-collected Anopheles Hyrcanus Group populations and is particularly useful for studying the vector ecology of Anopheles population and epidemiology of malaria.
Collider and Reporting Biases Involved in the Analyses of Cause of Death Associations in Death Certificates: an Illustration with Cancer and Suicide
Authors: Laanani Moussa , Viallon Vivian , Coste Joël , Rey Grégoire 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Data from death certificates have been studied to explore causal associations between diseases. However, these analyses are subject to collider and reporting biases (selection and information biases, respectively). Methods: We aimed to assess to what extent associations of causes of death estimated from individual mortality data can be extrapolated to the general population. We used a multistate model to generate populations of individuals and simulate their health states up to death from national health statistics and artificially replicate collider bias. Associations between health states can then be estimated from such simulated deaths by logistic regression and the magnitude of collider bias assessed. Reporting bias can be approximated by comparing the estimates obtained from the observed death certificates (subject to collider and reporting biases) with those obtained from the simulated deaths (subject to collider bias only). Results: As an illustrative example, we estimated the association between cancer and suicide in French death certificates, and found that cancer was negatively associated with suicide. Collider bias, due to conditioning inclusion in the study population on death, increasingly downwarded the associations with cancer site lethality. Reporting bias was much stronger than collider bias and depended on the cancer site, but not prognosis. Conclusions: These results argue for an assessment of the magnitude of both collider and reporting biases before performing analyses of cause of death associations exclusively from death certificates. If these biases cannot be corrected, results from these analyses should not be extrapolated to the general population.
Gadobutrol-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome rescued by intravenous immunoglobulin and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Chen Yu-Chen , Hsu Yi-Chih , Chen Hsiang-Cheng , LU CHUN-CHI 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGadobutrol-induced life-threatening allergies, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is rarely reported. The severe allergies publishing in previous literature report involves IgE and tryptase-mediated immune responses. Gadobutrol-related non-IgE-mediated allergy has not been reported.Case presentationA 39-year-old woman underwent Gadobutrol-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of both lower limbs for clinically suspected vasculitis. One hour after injection of 8 ml Gadobutrol, the patient developed dizziness without respiratory symptoms. Eight hours after the contrast injection, she exhibited vomiting, dyspnea, and rapid progression of edema. She visited the emergency room, where chest imaging showed increased infiltration in both lungs. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia when she was given 100% inspired oxygen. The patient was admitted to intensive care unit and received inotropic agents. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was applied due to the diagnosis of ARDS and persistent hypoxia after using mechanical ventilation. Systemic intravenous glucocorticoid and antihistamine were prescribed for allergic reaction. Contrast-relevant non-IgE-mediated allergy was confirmed by detailed medical record and laboratory data. An additional 2 days of intravenous immunoglobulin was prescribed. By 3 days after admission, the patient’s shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome had responded great. She was discharged 13 days after admission.ConclusionsHere, we present the first case of gadobutrol-induced non-IgE-mediated allergy complicated by ARDS. This condition was successfully rescued by dual therapy of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intravenous immunoglobulin without any complications.
Ablation of Red Stable Transfected Prostate Cancer Cell Lines by C-CPE&nbsp;Gold-Nanoparticle Mediated Laser Intervention
Authors: Alnajjar Suhayla , Nolte Ingo , Becker Annegret , Kostka Tina , Schille Jan Torben , Sender Sina , Perez Simon Villa , Frank Marcus , Ngezahayo Anaclet , Escobar Hugo Murua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Claudin (CLDN) proteins have been described to be found and accordingly targeted to evaluate novel therapeutic approaches. C-terminus of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) binds efficiently several claudins and thus recombinant C-CPE conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been used for cancer cell targeting using gold nanoparticle- mediated laser perforation (GNOME-LP). Cancer cells inoculation is routinely used to generate in vivo models to evaluate novel therapeutic approaches in prostate cancer. However, detailed characterization of cancer spreading and early tumor development and therapeutic response is often limited as conventional cell lines do not allow advanced deep tissue imaging.Methods: two canine prostate cancer cell lines were stably transfected with red fluorescent protein (RFP), followed by G418 selection. RFP marker as well as CLDN3, -4 and -7 expression was comparatively confirmed by flow cytometry, qPCR and immunofluorescences. For cancer cells targeting, GNOME-LP at a laser fluence of 72 mJ/cm² and a scanning speed of 0.5 cm/s was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software 7.1, Dunnett´s Multiple Comparison Test and Student´s two-sided t-test. Differences were considered statistically significant for p<0.05.Results: we established two canine prostate carcinoma cell lines, stably expressing RFP allowing perspective deep tissue imaging. Directed C-CPE-AuNP binding to native and RFP transfected cells verified the capability to specifically target CLDN receptors. Cancer cell ablation was demonstrated in vitro setting using a combination of gold nanoparticle mediated laser perforation and C-CPE-AuNPs treatment reducing tumor cell viability to less than 10 % depending on cell line. Conclusion: the results confirm that this therapeutic approach can be used efficiently to target prostate carcinoma cells carrying a marker protein allowing deep tissue imaging. The established cell lines and the verified proof of concept in vitro study provide the basis for perspective Xenograft model in vivo studies. The introduce red fluorescence enables deep tissue imaging in living animals and therefore detailed characterization of tumor growth and subsequently possible tumor ablation through C-CPE-AuNPs treatment.
Sex Differences in the Association between Liver Fibrosis and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Cardioembolic Stroke Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yang Lei , Gao Ke , Yao Xin-Ye , Tang Yong-lan , Yang Wan-Ying , Huang Xiao-Rui , Gao Ya-jie , Zheng Xiao-Pu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Liver cirrhosis is a confirmed risk factor for clinical outcomes of stroke patients. However, the contribution of liver fibrosis to cardioembolic stroke (CES) and its short-term outcomes are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between liver fibrosis and short-term clinical outcomes of acute CES patients, due to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), as well as the impacts of sex on the association. Methods: Using data of 522 patients with NVAF admitted within 48 hours after acute symptom of CES onset. We calculated Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and defined liver fibrosis as: likely advanced fibrosis (FIB-4>3.25), indeterminate (FIB-4, 1.45-3.25), unlikely advanced fibrosis (FIB-4<1.45). We investigated the impact of liver fibrosis degree on stroke severity, major disability at discharge and all cause death at 90 days stratified by sex. Results: Among 522 acute CES patients with NVAF, the mean FIB-4 on admission reflected intermediate fibrosis with largely normal liver enzymes. After adjusting for all confounders, multivariate analyses revealed that likely advanced liver fibrosis was associated with severe stroke (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.04-3.54), major disability at discharge (OR=4.59, 95% CI: 1.88-11.18), and 90-days mortality (HR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.10-1.56). Further grouped by sex, these associations were stronger in males but not significant in females.Conclusions: In patients with largely normal liver enzyme, likely advanced liver fibrosis is associated with severe stroke, major disability and all cause death after acute CES due to NVAF, and the association unfolded more obvious in males, but not for females.
Cultivation of Caenorhabditis elegans on new cheap monoxenic media without peptone
Authors: Le Tho Son , Nguyen T. T. Hang , Thi Mai Huong Bui , Nguyen H. Gam , Ha B. Hong , Nguyen Van Sang , Nguyen Minh Hung , Nguyen Huy-Hoang , Wang John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study of species biodiversity within the Caenorhabditis genus of nematodes would be facilitated by the isolation of as many species as possible. So far, over 50 species have been found, usually associated with decaying vegetation or soil samples, with many from Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. Scientists based in these regions can contribute to Caenorhabditis sampling and their proximity would allow intensive sampling, which would be useful for understanding the natural history of these species. However, severely limited research budgets are often a constraint for these local scientists. In this study, we aimed to find a more economical, alternative growth media to rear Caenorhabditis and related species. We tested 25 media permutations using cheaper substitutes for the reagents found in the standard nematode growth media (NGM) and found three media combinations that performed comparably to NGM with respect to the reproduction and longevity of C. elegans. These new media should facilitate the isolation and characterization of Caenorhabditis and other free-living nematodes for the researchers in the poorer regions such as Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia where nematode diversity appears high.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 on Flue-cured tobacco possessing resistance genes Rk1 and/or Rk2
Authors: Adamo Noah , Johnson Charles S. , Reed T. David , Eisenback Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita races 1 and 3 and race 1 of M. arenaria is imparted to flue-cured tobacco by the gene Rk1. Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 is not controlled by Rk1 and has become prevalent in Virginia. A second form of resistance effective against M. javanica, Rk2, is also increasingly available commercially. Greenhouse and field trials including a root-knot susceptible cultivar, cultivars homozygous for Rk1 or Rk2, and cultivars possessing both genes were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of Rk1 and/or Rk2 on parasitism and reproduction of M. arenaria race 2. Plants were inoculated with 5,000 M. arenaria race 2 eggs in the greenhouse or infested by a native nematode population in the field. Data were collected after 28 days (greenhouse) or every 3 weeks following transplant until 18 weeks in the field and included root galling index, nematodes present in roots, egg mass numbers, and egg counts; reproductive indices were also calculated. We found that the combination of Rk1 and Rk2 provides greater resistance to M. arenaria race 2 than either gene alone. While the effect of either gene alone was inconsistent, we did observe some significant reductions in galling and reproduction associated with each gene relative to the susceptible control.
Nilai Konservasi Biodiversitas pada Masyarakat Dayak Kenyah Umo’ Longh Malinau Kalimantan Utara sebagai Etnopedagogi Pembelajaran Biologi
Authors: Utari Findy Riyan Noor , Rusmadi Rusmadi , Achmad Chusnul Adib 
Published: April 2021

The inheritance of knowledge of customary forest conservation to children is very important to provide concepts and uses preservation and conservation in the customary forest environment. This study aims to identify the value of local wisdom in the Dayak Kenyah Umo 'Longh (Tane' Olen) community which is related to the 2013 curriculum on the concept of biodiversity conservation and the implementation of ethno pedagogy used in Biology learning. This type of research is non-interactive qualitative research or it can be called analytical research. This research was conducted by an assessment based on document analysis. The data used in the research is secondary data in the form of evidence, notes, or historical reports that are arranged in archives that are published or not. Data collection techniques used triangulation of sources and triangulation of time. The results showed that the local wisdom of the Dayak Kenyah Umo 'Long community has a very important role in managing nature because there are rules in limiting the use of Tane' Olen so that the whole community can get its benefits fairly and sustainably. The conservation concept that is applied is used as content and teaching material in ethno pedagogy-based learning which will later be able to increase conservation literacy
Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Study of Bayur (<i>Pterospermum javanicum</i> Jungh.) on Sasak Tribe around Mount Rinjani National Park, West Lombok as a Conservation Effort
Authors: Andila Putri Sri , Warseno Tri , Wibawa I Putu Agus Hendra , Tirta I Gede 
Published: April 2021

Pterospermum javanicum Jungh. (Bayur) is a species belongs to the Pterospermum genera (Malvaceae). Several species of Pterospermum had been reported for their ethnobotanical usage, but the studies about ethnobotany information of Bayur and its secondary metabolite compounds were still limited which have been published. This study aimed to observe the ethnobotanical usage of Bayur and to examine the phytochemical contents of the acetone extract of Bayur flower from West Lombok. The ethnobotany information of Bayur was obtained through interviews with local people and more information on the ethnobotanical records of P. javanicum (Bayur) was conducted by reviewing the scientific literature. The chemical compounds of Bayur flower were analysed by the GC-MS method. The results revealed that Bayur was used by the Sasak community around Gunung Rinjani National Park West Lombok for various purposes, such as traditional medicines, beverages, rigging, and building material. The phytochemical analysis showed that the acetone extract of Bayur flower from West Lombok contained 38 identified chemical components, representing 93.78% of the total compounds. The major contents of them were Lupeyl acetate (10.68%), p-n-Amylphenol (8.16%), Lauric acid (7.31%), N-(Methyl-d2)- Aniline (5,82%), and Pentanal (5.07%). This report was the first publication about the phytochemical contents of Bayur flower. It is expected that this study gives further information on the potentials of Bayur, especially about its secondary metabolite to support and prove the truth of the cultural concept of society in utilizing Bayur as a medicinal plant.
Positive and Negative Politeness in Refusals in Three American Drama Movies
Authors: Charismawati Arie 
Published: April 2021

This research paper attempts to investigate positive and negative politeness of refusal in three American drama movies. In particular, it attempts to identify and classify the positive and negative politeness strategies used to express refusal in the movies. The data used in this research were dialogues containing refusal expressed by the use of positive and negative politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). Based on the data analysis, 73 refusal utterances were found: 31 utterances (42.5%) were found in Legally Blonde, 22 utterances (30.1%) in Yes Man, and 20 utterances (27.4%) in He’s Not That Just into You. From 73 refusals found, out of 32 (43.8%) were expressed using positive politeness strategy, and remaining 41 (56.2%) refusals were expressed using negative politeness strategy. It was found in this research that positive politeness strategy 13 give (or ask for) reason is considered as the most commonly used positive politeness strategy in the movies. This strategy was used 7 times (21.8%). Meanwhile, in negative politeness strategy, strategy 1 be conventionally indirect appears as the most frequently strategy used in giving refusal in the movies. This strategy was used 18 times (43.9%).
Uji Angka Lempeng Total dan Kontaminan Koliform pada Susu Kedelai Bermerek yang Beredar di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Theofanny Michael Jordi , Gunam Ida Bagus Wayan , Suwariani Ni Putu 
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to testing total plate count and coliform contaminant on legal product soy milk sold in Denpasar city is qualified to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and safe to consumption. Soy milk has high nutrition and good for growth microorganisms. Microorganisms in soy milk is good for health but be worried have a dangerous microorganisms. Samples of soy milk based on purposive method, tested with total plate count agar with pour plate method and contaminant coliform with most probable number method. The result of testing total plate count, all samples is under maximum of SNI 5 × 104CFU/g. After that soy milk sample testing of coliform contaminant, the result is all samples has negative coliform contaminant. Conclusion of the research is all of the legal product soy milk sold in Denpasar qualified to SNI No. 01-3830-1995 and safe to consumption.
Keyword: coliform, Denpasar city, Indonesian national standard, soy milk, total plate count.
Changes in Serum Levels of Lipid Profile Parameters and Proteins in Toxoplasma gondii Seropositive Patients
Authors: Hayder Z. Ali  , Harith Saeed Al-Warid  
Published: April 2021

The influence of Toxoplasma gondii on some biochemical parameters has lately gained an increasing attention. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of some biochemical parameters in Toxoplasma positive and negative subjects. An analytical case–control study was achieved in Baghdad for the period from October 2018 until March 2019. Forty nine females participated in this study, with an age range of 18-55 years. The participants were separated into two groups, namely Toxoplasma positive subjects (n=21) and Toxoplasma negative subjects (n=28), based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood and serum samples were collected from all subjects to evaluate the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total protein, total globulin and total albumin. The results showed non-significant differences between Toxoplasma positive and negative subjects for all the parameters, although cholesterol levels were lower (mean 149 mg/dL; range 131.9-165.9 mg/dL) in Toxoplasma positive patients as compared to those in Toxoplasma negative subjects (161 mg/dL; 146.7-175 mg/dL). In addition, triglycerides levels were lower (160 mg/dL; 123.3-196.8 mg/dL) in Toxoplasma positive subjects as compared to the control subjects (165mg/dL; 134.2-195.3 mg/dL). The only significant difference was noticed among subjects with an age range of 26-35 years, where globulin level was significantly higher (p=0.023) in Toxoplasma negative subjects as compared to that in Toxoplasma positive subjects.