bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Properties of Chlorophyll f in the B800 Cavity of Light‐harvesting Complex 2 from the Purple Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodoblastus acidophilus
Authors: Saga Yoshitaka , Tanaka Aiko , Yamashita Madoka , Shinoda Toshiyuki , Tomo Tatsuya , Kimura Yukihiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe interactions of chlorophyll (Chl) and bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) pigments with the polypeptides in photosynthetic light‐harvesting proteins are responsible for controlling the absorption energy of (B)Chls in protein matrixes. The binding pocket of B800 BChl a in LH2 proteins, which are peripheral light‐harvesting proteins in purple photosynthetic bacteria, is useful for studying such structure–property relationships. We report the reconstitution of Chl f, which has the formyl group at the 2‐position, in the B800 cavity of LH2 from the purple bacterium Rhodoblastus acidophilus. The Qy absorption band of Chl f in the B800 cavity was shifted by 14 nm to longer wavelength compared to that of the corresponding five‐coordinated monomer in acetone. This redshift was larger than that of Chl a and Chl b. Resonance Raman spectroscopy indicated hydrogen bonding between the 2‐formyl group of Chl f and the LH2 polypeptide. These results suggest that this hydrogen bonding contributes to the Qy redshift of Chl f. Furthermore, the Qy redshift of Chl f in the B800 cavity was smaller than that of Chl d. This may have arisen from the different patterns of hydrogen bonding between Chl f and Chl d and/or from the steric hindrance of the 3‐vinyl group in Chl f.
Detection and characterization of QoI resistance inPyrenophora tritici‐repentispopulations causing tan spot of wheat in Argentina
Authors: Sautua Francisco José , Carmona Marcelo Aníbal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTan spot, caused by the fungusPyrenophora tritici‐repentis(Ptr), is a disease that has become more prevalent and intense in wheat crops in Argentina in recent years. Failure to control the disease with strobilurin fungicides, which were once effective, has been observed in different zones where wheat is grown. However, whether or not true resistance is present in the pathogen population in the region is not scientifically confirmed. This study evaluated the sensitivity of numerous Ptr isolates to representative QoI fungicides used in Argentina through in vitro and in planta assays, as well as through molecular analysis. Eighty‐two monosporic isolates obtained in different locations in the north and south of Buenos Aires province in 2014, 2016, and 2018 were tested to determine sensitivity to selected QoI fungicides in conidial germination and mycelial inhibition assays, as well as in molecular analysis. Conidial germination was not inhibited at 1 µg/ml of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin. On the other hand, mycelial growth was inhibited by 59%, 56%, and 86% at 100 µg/ml of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin, respectively. The molecular analysis detected the G143A mutation in thecytbgene of all the 82 Ptr isolates, but the F129L and G137R substitutions were not present. This study documents the G143A mutation conferring QoI resistance in Ptr in South America. The findings of this study are key for future decisions regarding use of fungicide and rotation in the region.
Genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. from rice and identification of multiresistant sources in Oryza spp. accessions
Authors: Mattos Vanessa S. , Leite Raycenne R. , Santos Marcilene F.A. , Gomes Cesar B. , Castagnone‐Sereno Philippe , Cares Juvenil E. , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTRecently a Meloidogyne species complex was detected parasitizing and causing damage to irrigated rice in southern Brazil, highlighting the need to study the genetic diversity of these species and their pathogenicity to Oryza spp. in order to select genotypes of rice with multiple resistance. This study compared the genetic diversity of Brazilian Meloidogyne spp. isolates from irrigated rice and evaluated the reaction of four wild accessions of Oryza species (O. glumaepatula, O. longistaminata, O. grandiglumis, and O. alta) and two cultivated species, O. glaberrima and O. sativa (control) to M. ottersoni, M. oryzae, and two variants of M. graminicola (Est G2 and Est G3). Genetic variability was assessed using RAPD and AFLP markers. M. graminicola and M. ottersoni showed high intraspecific variability: 83.76% and 41.14%, respectively. Cluster analysis showed a clear separation among rice root‐knot nematodes (RKNs) into subclades according to their esterase phenotypes with 100% bootstrap. For rice resistance screening, plants were inoculated with 5,000 eggs, and the nematode reproduction factor evaluated 90–120 days postinoculation. O. glumaepatula, an American wild species, was highly resistant or resistant to all rice RKNs tested and is a valuable source of multiple resistance. Overall, the other rice species also showed different levels of resistance. Conversely, O. longistaminata exhibited low levels of resistance. M. graminicola Est G3 was the most aggressive isolate. Sources of resistance against RKN in wild Oryza genotypes, especially in an AA genome like O. glumaepatula, may be of great interest for future breeding programmes in cultivated rice.
Racial preferences in sexual attraction among White heterosexual and gay men: Evidence from sexual arousal patterns and negative racial attitudes
Authors: Hsu Kevin J. , Lei Ryan F. , Bodenhausen Galen V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRacial preferences in sexual attraction are highly visible and controversial. They may also negatively impact those who are excluded. It is unclear whether these preferences are merely self‐attributed or extend to patterns of experienced sexual arousal. Furthermore, some argue that racial preferences in sexual attraction reflect idiosyncratic personal preferences, while others argue that they are more systematically motivated and reflect broader negative attitudes toward particular races. In two studies, we examined these issues by measuring the sexual arousal patterns and negative racial attitudes of 78 White men in relation to their racial preferences in sexual attraction to White versus Black people. For both White heterosexual men (n = 40; Study 1) and White gay men (n = 38; Study 2), greater racial preferences in sexual attraction to White versus Black people of their preferred gender were associated with more subjective and genital arousal by erotic stimuli featuring White versus Black people of their preferred gender, and with more explicit and implicit negative attitudes toward Black people. Findings suggest that racial preferences in sexual attraction are reflected in patterns of sexual arousal, and they might also be systematically motivated by negative attitudes toward particular races.
Outcomes of patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with nintedanib or pirfenidone in a real‐world multicentre cohort
Authors: Durheim Michael T. , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Carlson Lisa , Sutinen Eva M. , Hyldgaard Charlotte , Kalafatis Dimitrios , Myllärniemi Marjukka , Sköld C. Magnus , Sjåheim Tone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveAntifibrotic therapy with nintedanib or pirfenidone slows disease progression and reduces mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, patients with advanced IPF, as defined by forced vital capacity (FVC) < 50% and/or diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) < 30% of predicted, have not been included in randomized trials, and the outcomes of such patients who initiate treatment are not well understood. We determined lung function, disease progression and mortality outcomes following initiation of antifibrotic therapy in patients with advanced IPF at the time of treatment initiation compared to those with mild–moderate IPF.MethodsWe included 502 patients enrolled in IPF registries from four Nordic countries. Linear mixed models were used to assess change in FVC and DLCO over time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess transplant‐free survival and progression‐ and transplant‐free survival.ResultsOf 502 patients, 66 (13%) had advanced IPF. Annual change in FVC was −125 ml (95% CI −163, −87) among patients with mild–moderate IPF, and +28 ml (95% CI −96, +152) among those with advanced IPF. Advanced IPF at treatment initiation was associated with poorer transplant‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.39 [95% CI 1.66, 3.43]) and progression‐ and transplant‐free survival (HR 1.60 [95% CI 1.15, 2.23]).ConclusionIn a broadly representative IPF population, patients with advanced IPF at the initiation of antifibrotic therapy did not have greater lung function decline over time compared with those with mild–moderate IPF, but had substantially higher mortality. Prospective studies are needed to determine the effect of antifibrotic therapy in patients with advanced IPF.
Exporting and the wage premium: The case of South African manufacturing firms
Authors: Bezuidenhout Carli , Matthee Marianne , Rankin Neil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is much literature to support the view that exporters (both developed and developing countries) pay higher wages than nonexporters. While this so‐called export wage premium has also been found to be prevalent in South Africa, it has not been thoroughly researched, with studies to date having relied on cross‐sectional sample data rather than on the population of firms and workers. Using a newly constructed employer–employee matched panel data set on South African manufacturing firms, the study examined the factors contributing to the export wage premium in these firms—from firm, individual, and job characteristics (both observable and unobservable) to firms’ distribution of wages and export destinations (e.g., SACU‐only [Firms exporting only to Southern African Customs Union countries], Africa‐only [Firms exporting only to African countries], or international [Firms exporting to both African and non‐African countries]). One of the key findings was that the export wage premium is not about being labeled an exporter. It is, however, because of the “type of firm” (unobservable firm characteristics) exporters are, the “type of workers” (unobservable individual characteristics) they employ, and the “type of jobs” (unobservable job characteristics) they create. Policymakers should therefore be aware that simply expanding the pool of exporters will not necessarily give momentum to the export wage premium phenomenon. Rather, policy measures should be aimed at increasing firm‐level productivity.
Partial privatization, producer services, and unemployment in developing countries
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Jia Tiantian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExisting literature argues that privatization tends to lower the output of the mixed‐ownership firms in the manufacturing. Nevertheless, since manufacturing has closely linked to producer services recently, by incorporating producer services into the analysis, this paper investigates the impacts of partial privatization of the mixed‐ownership firm in the manufacturing sector on output, unemployment, and social welfare in developing countries in a three‐sector general equilibrium model. The main conclusion is that partial privatization would lower unemployment and raise output conditionally if the profit of producer service firms is zero in the long run. Besides, the welfare impacts of partial privatization in the short and long run are considered. Compared with the existing literature, this paper provides a new perspective and derives some new results.
Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Symptom List (EDSL), a brief questionnaire for weekly assessment of eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Isaksson Martina , Ghaderi Ata , Wolf‐Arehult Martina , Ramklint Mia 
Published: July 2021

Frequent assessment of eating disorder (ED) symptoms (e.g., on a weekly basis) may guide treatment planning in clinical services, and be an invaluable tool for improving clinical research. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a brief eight‐item scale designed to assess ED behaviors during the preceding week (Eating Disorder Symptom List: EDSL). Cross‐sectional data were collected in a non‐clinical community sample (n = 406) and cross‐sectional and longitudinal data were gathered in a clinical ED sample before and after treatment with Enhanced Cognitive Behavior Therapy for eating disorders (n = 47) and weekly during treatment with Radically Open Dialectical Behavior Therapy (n = 13). The EDSL showed acceptable to good internal consistency (α = 0.72–0.82) and test‐retest reliability (r = 0.88). Convergent and divergent validity was satisfactory. Also, the EDSL was sensitive to change and could detect changes between before and after treatment, as well as on a weekly basis. We conclude that the EDSL is a brief scale entailing little patient burden, and that initial analyses of the scale provide preliminary evidence of satisfactory psychometric properties. The scale can be used for repeated measures in ED treatment studies and clinics to assess change or absence of change during treatment.
A roadmap to understanding restrictive immigration policy outcomes
Authors: Gligor Nichole , Gligor David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveExtant studies have sought to determine which factors most significantly affect changes in state‐level restrictive immigration policies. However, the effects of individual independent variables on restrictive immigration policy outputs have been considered in isolation, independent of one another. Our study seeks to address this limitation.MethodsWe employ qualitative comparative analysis to examine how various combinations of factors lead to the same outcome. This study offers both, methodological and theoretical contributions to the literature on restrictive immigration policy outcomes.ResultsWe uncover the combinations of factors (i.e., public opinion, anti‐welfare attitudes, unemployment, poverty, demographics, governor's party identification, state and citizen ideology, region) that are likely to lead states to pass a high number of restrictive immigration policies relative to other states.ConclusionOur results revealed 11 distinct combinations of such factors. Moreover, our findings indicate that a state's government ideology is a necessary present condition for anticipating immigration policy outcomes.
Tool Use Affects Spatial Perception
Authors: Witt Jessica K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTools do not just expand our capabilities. They change what we can do, and in doing so, they change who we are. Serena is Serena because of what she can do with a tennis racket. Tiger is Tiger because of what he can do with a golf club. In changing what we can do, tools also change the very way we perceive the spatial layout of the world. Objects beyond arm's reach appear closer when we wield a tool that can expand out to the object. Catchable objects seem to move faster when we wield a tool that is less effective for catching the object. These examples illustrate how the basic processes of spatial vision are impacted by tool use.
Causes of an elevated international normalized ratio in the intensive care unit and the implications for plasma transfusion
Authors: Cheves Jared W. , DeMarinis Sandra , Sorin Claudia , Carino Gerardo , Sweeney Joseph D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) is common in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but the cause rarely determined. These patients are at risk to receive prophylactic plasma prior to invasive procedures.Study design and methodsSamples from patients with an INR of 1.5 or greater were frozen and subsequently thawed and assayed for procoagulant and anticoagulant clotting factors and anti‐Xa to determine the likely cause of the INR. Samples showing a low FVII, FX, PC, and PS were categorized as a vitamin K deficiency pattern. Samples showing a low FV, low or normal fibrinogen, and high FVIII were categorized as a liver disease pattern. Samples showing an anti‐Xa >0.01 IU/ml were assayed for anti‐Xa DOACs. Samples which could not be categorized were grouped as equivocal.ResultsA total of 48 samples were obtained over a 6‐month period. Nineteen showed a Vitamin K deficiency pattern, 17 a liver disease pattern, 7 showed an anti‐Xa DOAC and 5 were equivocal. High FVIII and D‐dimers and reduced levels of the anticoagulant proteins were present in the majority of the samples. FVII levels correlated inversely with the INR (r = −0. 81), as did FX (r = −0.67) but not FV (r = −0.04) nor fibrinogen (r = −0.15).ConclusionTransfusion of plasma to reverse an elevated INR in the ICU should be discouraged since such a practice is either avoidable by the use of vitamin K or inappropriate in the case of liver disease or an anti‐Xa DOAC.
Angularis oris axial pattern flap as a reliable and versatile option for rostral facial reconstruction in cats
Authors: Albernaz Vinicius G. P. , Oblak Michelle L. , Quitzan Juliany G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes associated with the use of an angularis oris axial pattern flap (AOAPF) for rostral facial reconstruction in cats.AnimalsNine adult client‐owned cats.Study DesignShort case series.MethodsTen AOAPF were performed in nine cats after resection of a tumor. Wounds were located at the nose, infraorbital, supraorbital, frontal, eye, and ear canal region. Orbital exenteration (n = 3), pinnectomy (n = 2), nasal planum resection, total ear canal ablation (n = 2), and partial eyelid reconstruction (n = 3) were performed.ResultsShort‐term postoperative complications included flap edema (n = 10), suture dehiscence (n = 3), and distal tip necrosis (n = 3). All wounds resulting from minor complications healed by second intention in 5–15 days. Long‐term complications included epiphora (n = 2), frequent grooming around the eyes (n = 2), and enucleation due to corneal ulcer secondary to impaired postoperative eyelid function (n = 1). Tumor recurrence occurred in 3 cases.ConclusionThe AOAPF was a versatile and reliable option for rostral facial reconstruction in cats with acceptable long‐term outcomes.
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs. Part II: Forelimb
Authors: Latifi Max , Skinner Owen T. , Schroeder Mikayla M. , Mickelson Megan A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo detail the qualitative fascial categories and fascial intersections of the forelimb of the dog to facilitate preoperative planning for superficial cancers.Study DesignQualitative anatomical study.Sample PopulationThree male and four female mixed breed canine cadavers weighing approximately 20–35 kg.MethodsThe skin and subcutaneous fat were excised. Fascial planes were incised and elevated to allow exploration of their quality and borders. Fascia was categorized as type I (discrete sheets), type II (tightly adhered to thin muscles), type III (tightly adhered to thick muscles), or type IV (associated with periosteum). Photographs of specimens were digitally modified with overlays to map tissue types.ResultsDifferences between the cadavers used were largely based on muscle mass and sex, with minimal other subjective differences affecting fascial mapping. The fasciae of the forelimb were largely type II or type III, with type I fascia at the antebrachium and type IV fascia at the olecranon, scapular spine, and accessory carpal bone. Fascial integrity was often questionable or lacking distal to the distal quarter of the antebrachium.ConclusionThe fascial types and integrity of the forelimb varied with anatomic location with thin or absent fascia for surgical use at the elbow, carpus, and manus.Clinical SignificanceThis study provides information for preoperative planning and excision of superficial tumors of the forelimb. Knowledge of the potential limitations of fascia to provide a deep margin may influence selection of treatment modalities.
New Mechanism for Yield Point Phenomena
Authors: Zhou G. , Fullwood D. T. , Carroll J. D. , Homer E. R. , Lim H. , Wagoner R. H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Yield point phenomena (YPP) are widely attributed to discrete dislocation locking by solute atmospheres. An alternate YPP mechanism was recently suggested by simulations of Ta single crystals without any influence of solutes or discrete dislocations. The general meso-scale (GM) simulations consist of crystal plasticity (CP) plus accounting for internal stresses of geometrically necessary dislocation content. GM predicted the YPP while CP did not, suggesting a novel internal stress mechanism. The predicted YPP varied with crystal orientation and boundary conditions, contrary to expectations for a solute mechanism. The internal stress mechanism was probed by experimentally deforming oligocrystal Ta samples and comparing the results with independent GM simulations. Strain distributions of the experiments were observed with high-resolution digital image correlation. A YPP stress–strain response occurred in the 0–2% strain range in agreement with GM predictions. Shear bands appeared concurrent with the YPP stress–strain perturbation in agreement with GM predictions. At higher strains, the shear bands grew at progressively slower rates in agreement with GM predictions. It was concluded that the internal stress mechanism can account for the existence of YPP in a wide variety of materials including ones where interstitial-dislocation interactions and dislocation transient avalanches are improbable. The internal stress mechanism is a CP analog of various micro-scale mechanisms of discrete dislocations such as pile-up or bow-out. It may operate concurrently with strain aging, or either mechanism may operate alone. A suggestion was made for a future experiment to answer this question.
Experimental Investigation of Hypersonic Laminar Flow Over a Compression Ramp
Authors: Lu Jin , Yang Hua , Zhang Qinghu , Wen Xin , Yin Zhouping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An experimental investigation on the flow separation of a hypersonic laminar boundary layer flow over a compression ramp with angles of 32 deg, 36 deg, and 40 deg is carried out in a Mach 5 hypersonic wind tunnel. The detailed structures are measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV), and some typical flow structures, such as a shear layer, separation shock, recirculation zone and reattachment shock, are clearly captured. In the 32 deg compression ramp flow, the hypersonic laminar flow does not experience flow separation, and the boundary layer always attaches to the ramp surface. When the ramp angle increases to 36 deg, a typical flow separation appears in the hypersonic laminar flow, and a shear layer and reattachment shock arise within the flow field. As the ramp angle increases to 40 deg, the separation shock moves upstream, the reattachment shock moves downstream, and the recirculation zone expands. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis is performed on the velocity contours for three cases, revealing the spatial structure of the flow field. As the ramp angle increases, the coherent flow structures are captured more effectively by less POD modes, and there are more coherent structures in the flow field of a large-angle compression ramp. Finally, numerical investigations of the flow separation on three different compression ramps are carried out, and the simulation results are consistent with the measurement results.