bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro antiviral activity of the anti-HCV drugs daclatasvir and sofosbuvir against SARS-CoV-2, the aetiological agent of COVID-19
Authors: Sacramento Carolina Q , Fintelman-Rodrigues Natalia , Temerozo Jairo R , Da Silva Aline de Paula Dias , Dias Suelen da Silva Gomes , da Silva Carine dos Santos , Ferreira André C , Mattos Mayara , Pão Camila R R , de Freitas Caroline S , Soares Vinicius Cardoso , Hoelz Lucas Villas Bôas , Fernandes Tácio Vinício Amorim , Branco Frederico Silva Castelo , Bastos Mônica Macedo , Boechat Núbia , Saraiva Felipe B , Ferreira Marcelo Alves , Jockusch Steffen , Wang Xuanting , Tao Chuanjuan , Chien Minchen , Xie Wei , Patel Dinshaw , Garzia Aitor , Tuschl Thomas , Russo James J , Rajoli Rajith K R , Pedrosa Carolina S G , Vitória Gabriela , Souza Letícia R Q , Goto-Silva Livia , Guimarães Marilia Zaluar , Rehen Stevens K , Owen Andrew , Bozza Fernando A , Bou-Habib Dumith Chequer , Ju Jingyue , Bozza Patrícia T , Souza Thiago Moreno L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Current approaches of drug repurposing against COVID-19 have not proven overwhelmingly successful and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to cause major global mortality. SARS-CoV-2 nsp12, its RNA polymerase, shares homology in the nucleotide uptake channel with the HCV orthologue enzyme NS5B. Besides, HCV enzyme NS5A has pleiotropic activities, such as RNA binding, that are shared with various SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Thus, anti-HCV NS5B and NS5A inhibitors, like sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, respectively, could be endowed with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero cells, HuH-7 cells, Calu-3 cells, neural stem cells and monocytes were used to investigate the effects of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir. In silico and cell-free based assays were performed with SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nsp12 to better comprehend the mechanism of inhibition of the investigated compounds. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was generated to estimate daclatasvir’s dose and schedule to maximize the probability of success for COVID-19.

Results
Daclatasvir inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero, HuH-7 and Calu-3 cells, with potencies of 0.8, 0.6 and 1.1 μM, respectively. Although less potent than daclatasvir, sofosbuvir alone and combined with daclatasvir inhibited replication in Calu-3 cells. Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir prevented virus-induced neuronal apoptosis and release of cytokine storm-related inflammatory mediators, respectively. Sofosbuvir inhibited RNA synthesis by chain termination and daclatasvir targeted the folding of secondary RNA structures in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Concentrations required for partial daclatasvir in vitro activity are achieved in plasma at Cmax after administration of the approved dose to humans.

Conclusions
Daclatasvir, alone or in combination with sofosbuvir, at higher doses than used against HCV, may be further fostered as an anti-COVID-19 therapy.
Audio Mining: The Role of Vocal Tone in Persuasion
Authors: Wang Xin (Shane) , Lu Shijie , Li X I , Khamitov Mansur , Bendle Neil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPersuasion success is often related to hard-to-measure characteristics, such as the way the persuader speaks. To examine how vocal tones impact persuasion in an online appeal, this research measures persuaders’ vocal tones in Kickstarter video pitches using novel audio mining technology. Connecting vocal tone dimensions with real-world funding outcomes offers insight into the impact of vocal tones on receivers’ actions. The core hypothesis of this paper is that a successful persuasion attempt is associated with vocal tones denoting (1) focus, (2) low stress, and (3) stable emotions. These three vocal tone dimensions—which are in line with the stereotype content model—matter because they allow receivers to make inferences about a persuader’s competence. The hypotheses are tested with a large-scale empirical study using Kickstarter data, which is then replicated in a different category. In addition, two controlled experiments provide evidence that perceptions of competence mediate the impact of the three vocal tones on persuasion attempt success. The results identify key indicators of persuasion attempt success and suggest a greater role for audio mining in academic consumer research.
Association of Obesity With Breast Cancer Outcome in Relation to Cancer Subtypes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lohmann Ana Elisa , Soldera Sara V , Pimentel Isabel , Ribnikar Domen , Ennis Marguerite , Amir Eitan , Goodwin Pamela J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Obesity at breast cancer (BC) diagnosis has been associated with poor outcome, although the magnitude of effect in different BC subtypes is uncertain. We report on the association of obesity or overweight at diagnosis of nonmetastatic BC with disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the following defined subtypes: hormone receptor positive/HER2 negative (HR+HER2−), HER2 positive (HER2+), and triple negative (TNBC).

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases up to January 1, 2019. Study eligibility was performed independently by 2 authors. Studies reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of OS and/or DFS for obesity or overweight in BC subtypes were included. The pooled hazard ratio was computed and weighted using generic inverse variance and random effects models.

Results
Twenty-seven studies were included. Obese compared with nonobese women had worse DFS in all subtypes: the hazard ratios were 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13 to 1.41, P &lt; .001) for HR+HER2− BC, 1.16 (95% CI = 1.06 to 1.26, P &lt; .001) for HER2+ BC, and 1.17 (95% CI = 1.06 to 1.29, P = .001) for TNBC. OS was also worse in obese vs nonobese women (HR+HER2− BC HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.62, P &lt; .001; HER2+ BC HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.33, P = .006; and TNBC HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.53, P &lt; .001). As opposed to obesity, overweight was not associated with either DFS or OS in HER2+ BC (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.28, P = .85; and HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.76 to 1.21, P = .99, respectively) or TNBC (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.18, P = .49; and HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.44, P = .17), respectively. In HR+HER2− BC, being overweight was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.22, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Obesity was associated with modestly worse DFS and OS in all BC subtypes.
“Society-Ready” and “Fire-Ready” Forestry Education in the United States: Interdisciplinary Discussion in Forestry Course Textbooks
Authors: De’Arman Kindra Jesse , York Richard F 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChanging environmental and social forestry contexts present new challenges for forestry graduates. In contrast with previous generations, forestry students today must be prepared to handle the impacts of climate change and increasing fire severity and frequency, as well as critical human dimensions, including the need to collaborate with Native American nations. To explore the extent to which social and fire science is taught in forestry programs and how it has changed over time, we conducted a content analysis of prominent forestry course textbooks used in graduate programs in the United States. We found little change between texts published before and after 2000, except for an increase in discussion of climate change. Of the currently used textbooks, we found a significant variation in whether they included discussion of traditional ecological knowledge, prescribed burning, combined economic factors, logging, and whether they recommended prescribed burning and logging. Given that not all programs offer or require courses that specialize in these topics, many forestry students may be missing relevant interdisciplinary social-fire education that is necessary to handle contemporary and changing forestry issues.
Torsional vibration of irregular single-walled carbon nanotube incorporating compressive initial stress effects
Authors: Selim Mahmoud M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study is an attempt to show the impacts of surface irregularity and compressive initial stresses on the torsional vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The governing equation and corresponding closed-form solutions were derived with the aid of Hamilton's principle. Then, the natural frequencies were obtained analytically and the influences of surface irregularity and compressive initial stresses on the torsional vibration were studied in detail. Numerical results analyzing the torsional vibration incorporating compressive initial stress effects were discussed and presented graphically. The effects of surface irregularity on the natural frequency of torsional vibrations of nanomaterials, especially for SWCNTs, have not been investigated before, and most of the previous research works have been carried for a regular carbon nanotube. Therefore, it must be emphasized that the torsional vibrations of irregular SWCNTs are novel and applicable for the design of nano-oscillators and nanodevices, in which SWCNTs act as the most prevalent nanocomposite structural element. The analytical solutions and numerical results revealed that the surface irregularity and compressive initial stress have notable effects on the natural frequency of torsional vibrations. It has been observed that, as the surface irregularity and compressive initial stress parameters increase, the torsional natural frequency of vibrations of SWCNTs also increases. Since SWCNTs have very small size, they are always subject to initial stresses from different resources; therefore, understanding the influences of compressive initial stresses on the torsional frequency of nanotubes helps the engineers and researchers to design proper nanodevices for different applications with irregular shapes.
Two sides of the same story in grapevine–pathogen interactions
Authors: Santos Rita B , Figueiredo Andreia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Proteases are an integral part of plant defence systems, and their role in plant–pathogen interactions is unequivocal. Emerging evidence suggests that different protease families contribute to the establishment not only of hypersensitive response, priming, and signalling, but also of recognition events through complex proteolytic cascades. Moreover, they play a crucial role in pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern (PAMP/MAMP)-triggered immunity as well as in effector-triggered immunity. However, despite important advances in our understanding of the role of proteases in plant defence, the contribution of proteases to pathogen defence in grapevine remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the main grapevine pathosystems and explore the role of serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteases from both the host and pathogen point of views.
The radical ideation of peasants, the ‘pseudo-radicalism’ of international human rights law, and the revolutionary lawyer
Authors: Salomon Margot E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article questions the use of international human rights law in realising social transformation. It studies the new United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, drawing on the commodity-form theory of law. Through this lens, foregrounding the relationship between capitalism and law and their shared constituent form, the contradiction in what is at times a radical normative project in international human rights law is revealed. With the unintended consequences of human rights lawyering made visible, this work turns to the means through which the advocate can launch a potentially transformative ‘legal’ strategy. An exploration of two seminal modes of reconciliation follows: reconciling the use of international human rights law with a commitment to social transformation and reconciling the post-capitalist politics of progressive lawyers with their use of the law.
Sufficiency of a Gaussian power spectrum likelihood for accurate cosmology from upcoming weak lensing surveys
Authors: Upham Robin E , Brown Michael L , Whittaker Lee 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether a Gaussian likelihood is sufficient to obtain accurate parameter constraints from a Euclid-like combined tomographic power spectrum analysis of weak lensing, galaxy clustering, and their cross-correlation. Testing its performance on the full sky against the Wishart distribution, which is the exact likelihood under the assumption of Gaussian fields, we find that the Gaussian likelihood returns accurate parameter constraints. This accuracy is robust to the choices made in the likelihood analysis, including the choice of fiducial cosmology, the range of scales included, and the random noise level. We extend our results to the cut sky by evaluating the additional non-Gaussianity of the joint cut-sky likelihood in both its marginal distributions and dependence structure. We find that the cut-sky likelihood is more non-Gaussian than the full-sky likelihood, but at a level insufficient to introduce significant inaccuracy into parameter constraints obtained using the Gaussian likelihood. Our results should not be affected by the assumption of Gaussian fields, as this approximation only becomes inaccurate on small scales, which in turn corresponds to the limit in which any non-Gaussianity of the likelihood becomes negligible. We nevertheless compare against N-body weak lensing simulations and find no evidence of significant additional non-Gaussianity in the likelihood. Our results indicate that a Gaussian likelihood will be sufficient for robust parameter constraints with power spectra from stage IV weak lensing surveys.
Did Sgr cause the vertical waves in the solar neighbourhood?
Authors: Bennett Morgan , Bovy Jo 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The vertical distribution of stars in the solar neighbourhood is not in equilibrium but contains a wave signature in both density and velocity space originating from a perturbation. With the discovery of the phase-space spiral in Gaia data release (DR) 2, determining the origin of this perturbation has become even more urgent. We develop and test a fast method for calculating the perturbation from a passing satellite on the vertical component of a part of a disc galaxy. This fast method allows us to test a large variety of possible perturbations to the vertical disc very quickly. We apply our method to the range of possible perturbations to the solar neighbourhood stemming from the recent passage of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy (Sgr), varying its mass, mass profile, and present-day position within their observational uncertainties, and its orbit within different realistic models for the Milky Way’s gravitational potential. We find that we are unable to reproduce the observed asymmetry in the vertical number counts and its concomitant breathing mode in velocity space for any plausible combination of Sgr and Milky Way properties. In all cases, either the amplitude or the perturbation wavelength of the number-count asymmetry and of the oscillations in the mean vertical velocity produced by the passage of Sgr are in large disagreement with the observations from Gaia DR2. We conclude that Sgr cannot have caused the observed oscillations in the vertical disc or the Gaia phase-space spiral.
Magnetic field amplification in accretion discs around the first stars: implications for the primordial IMF
Authors: Sharda Piyush , Federrath Christoph , Krumholz Mark R , Schleicher Dominik R G 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMagnetic fields play an important role in the dynamics of present-day molecular clouds. Recent work has shown that magnetic fields are equally important for primordial clouds, which form the first stars in the Universe. While the primordial magnetic field strength on cosmic scales is largely unconstrained, theoretical models strongly suggest that a weak seed field existed in the early Universe. We study how the amplification of such a weak field can influence the evolution of accretion discs around first stars, and thus affect the primordial initial mass function (IMF). We perform a suite of 3D ideal magneto-hydrodynamic simulations with different initial field strengths and numerical resolutions. We find that, in simulations with sufficient spatial resolution to resolve the Jeans scale during the collapse, even initially weak magnetic fields grow exponentially to become dynamically important due to both the so-called small-scale turbulent dynamo and the large-scale mean-field dynamo. Capturing the small-scale dynamo action depends primarily on how well we resolve the Jeans length, while capturing the large-scale dynamo depends on the Jeans resolution as well as the maximum absolute resolution. Provided enough resolution, we find that fragmentation does not depend strongly on the initial field strength, because even weak fields grow to become strong. However, fragmentation in runs with magnetic fields differs significantly from those without magnetic fields. We conclude that the development of dynamically strong magnetic fields during the formation of the first stars is likely inevitable, and that these fields had a significant impact on the primordial IMF.
Dark matter haloes of massive elliptical galaxies at z ∼ 0.2 are well described by the Navarro–Frenk–White profile
Authors: Shajib Anowar J , Treu Tommaso , Birrer Simon , Sonnenfeld Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the internal structure of elliptical galaxies at z ∼ 0.2 from a joint lensing–dynamics analysis. We model Hubble Space Telescope images of a sample of 23 galaxy–galaxy lenses selected from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) survey. Whereas the original SLACS analysis estimated the logarithmic slopes by combining the kinematics with the imaging data, we estimate the logarithmic slopes only from the imaging data. We find that the distribution of the lensing-only logarithmic slopes has a median 2.08c ± 0.03 and intrinsic scatter 0.13 ± 0.02, consistent with the original SLACS analysis. We combine the lensing constraints with the stellar kinematics and weak lensing measurements, and constrain the amount of adiabatic contraction in the dark matter (DM) haloes. We find that the DM haloes are well described by a standard Navarro–Frenk–White halo with no contraction on average for both of a constant stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L) model and a stellar M/L gradient model. For the M/L gradient model, we find that most galaxies are consistent with no M/L gradient. Comparison of our inferred stellar masses with those obtained from the stellar population synthesis method supports a heavy initial mass function (IMF) such as the Salpeter IMF. We discuss our results in the context of previous observations and simulations, and argue that our result is consistent with a scenario in which active galactic nucleus feedback counteracts the baryonic-cooling-driven contraction in the DM haloes.
Damped perturbations in stellar systems: genuine modes and Landau-damped waves
Authors: Polyachenko E V , Shukhman I G , Borodina O I 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
This research was stimulated by the recent studies of damping solutions in dynamically stable spherical stellar systems. Using the simplest model of the homogeneous stellar medium, we discuss non-trivial features of stellar systems. Taking them into account will make it possible to correctly interpret the results obtained earlier and will help to set up decisive numerical experiments in the future. In particular, we compare the initial value problem versus the eigenvalue problem. It turns out that in the unstable regime, the Landau-damped waves can be represented as a superposition of van Kampen modes plus a discrete damped mode, usually ignored in the stability study. This mode is a solution complex conjugate to the unstable Jeans mode. In contrast, the Landau-damped waves are not genuine modes: in modes, eigenfunctions depend on time as exp (−iωt), while the waves do not have eigenfunctions on the real $v$-axis at all. However, ‘eigenfunctions’ on the complex $v$-contours do exist. Deviations from the Landau damping are common and can be due to singularities or cut-off of the initial perturbation above some fixed value in the velocity space.
Dust transport in protoplanetary discs with wind-driven accretion
Authors: Hu Zitao , Bai Xue-Ning 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
It has recently been shown that the inner region of protoplanetary discs (PPDs) is governed by wind-driven accretion, and the resulting accretion flow showing complex vertical profiles. Such complex flow structures are further enhanced due to the Hall effect, especially when the background magnetic field is aligned with disc rotation. We investigate how such flow structures impact global dust transport via Monte Carlo simulations, focusing on two scenarios. In the first scenario, the toroidal magnetic field is maximized in the mid-plane, leading to accretion and decretion flows above and below. In the second scenario, the toroidal field changes sign across the mid-plane, leading to an accretion flow at the disc mid-plane, with decretion flows above and below. We find that in both cases, the contribution from additional gas flows can still be accurately incorporated into the advection-diffusion framework for vertically integrated dust transport, with enhanced dust radial (pseudo-)diffusion up to an effective αeff ∼ 10−2 for strongly coupled dust, even when background turbulence is weak α &lt; 10−4. Dust radial drift is also modestly enhanced in the second scenario. We provide a general analytical theory that accurately reproduces our simulation results, thus establishing a framework to model global dust transport that realistically incorporates vertical gas flow structures. We also note that the theory is equally applicable to the transport of chemical species.
Utility of lymphocyte phenotype profile to differentiate primary Sjögren’s syndrome from sicca syndrome
Authors: Loureiro-Amigo José , Palacio-García Carlos , Martínez-Gallo Mónica , Martínez-Valle Fernando , Ramentol-Sintas Marc , Soláns-Laqué Roser 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess the potential diagnostic utility of advanced lymphocyte profiling to differentiate between primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) and non-Sjögren Sicca syndrome.

Methods
Distribution of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations was analysed by flow cytometry in 68 patients with pSS, 26 patients with sicca syndrome and 23 healthy controls. The ability to discriminate between pSS and sicca syndrome was analysed using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve of the different lymphocyte subsets.

Results
The ratio between naïve/memory B cell proportions showed an AUC of 0.742 to differentiate pSS and sicca syndrome, with a sensitivity of 76.6% and a specificity of 72% for a cut-off value of 3.4. The ratio of non-switched memory B cells to activated CD4+ T cells percentage (BNSM/CD4ACT) presented the highest AUC (0.840) with a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 81.7% for a cut-off value &lt;4.1. To differentiate seronegative pSS patients from sicca patients, the BNSM/CD4ACT ratio exhibited an AUC of 0.742 (sensitivity 75%, specificity 66.7%, cut-off value &lt;4.4), and the number of naïve CD4 T cells had an AUC of 0.821 (sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 88.9%, cut-off value &lt;312/mm3).

Conclusion
Patients with pSS show a profound imbalance in the distribution of circulating T and B lymphocyte subsets. The ratio BNSM/CD4ACT is useful to discriminate between pSS and sicca syndrome.