bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germany's relations with the United States and China from a strategic triangle perspective
Authors: Biba Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As the Sino-American Great Power competition continues to intensify, newly-elected US President Joe Biden's administration now seeks to enlist the support of its allies and partners around the world. As Europe's largest economy and a, if not the, leading voice within the European Union, Germany represents an important puzzle-piece for Biden. But Germany, at least under outgoing chancellor Angela Merkel, has been reluctant to take sides. It is against this backdrop that this article looks into Germany's past and present trilateral relationships with the US and China through the theoretical lens of the so-called strategic triangle approach. Applying this approach, the article seeks to trace and explain German behaviour, as well as to elucidate the opportunities and pitfalls that have come with it. The article demonstrates that Germany's recently gained position as a ‘pivot’ (two positive bilateral relationships) between the US and Chinese ‘wings’ (positive bilateral relations with Germany and negative bilateral relations with each other) is desirable from the perspective of the strategic triangle. At the same time, being pivot is also challenging and hard to maintain. Alternative options, such as entering a US–German ‘marriage’ directed against China, are also problematic. The article therefore concludes that Germany has tough decisions to take going forward.
Effect of automated unit dose dispensing with barcode scanning on medication administration errors: an uncontrolled before-and-after study
Authors: Jessurun Janique Gabriëlle , Hunfeld Nicole Geertruida Maria , Van Rosmalen Joost , Van Dijk Monique , Van Den Bemt Patricia Maria Lucia Adriana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Medication administration errors (MAEs) occur frequently in hospitals and may compromise patient safety. Preventive strategies are needed to reduce the risk of MAEs.

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to assess the effect of central automated unit dose dispensing with barcode-assisted medication administration on the prevalence of MAEs. Secondary aims were to assess the effect on the type and potential severity of MAEs. Furthermore, compliance with procedures regarding scanning of patient and medication barcodes and nursing staff satisfaction with the medication administration system were assessed.

Methods
We performed a prospective uncontrolled before-and-after study in six clinical wards in a Dutch university hospital from 2018 to 2020. MAE data were collected by observation. The primary outcome was the proportion of medication administrations with one or more MAEs. Secondary outcomes were the type and potential severity of MAEs, rates of compliance with patient identification and signing of administered medication by scanning and nursing staff satisfaction with the medication administration system. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were used for the primary outcome to adjust for confounding and for clustering on nurse and patient level.

Results
One or more MAEs occurred in 291 of 1490 administrations (19.5%) pre-intervention and in 258 of 1630 administrations (15.8%) post-intervention (adjusted odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.96). The rate of omission fell from 4.6% to 2.0% and of wrong dose from 3.8% to 2.1%, whereas rates of other MAE types were similar. The rate of potentially harmful MAEs fell from 3.0% (n = 44) to 0.3% (n = 5). The rates of compliance with scanning of patient and medication barcode post-intervention were 13.6% and 55.9%, respectively.
The median overall satisfaction score of the nurses with the medication administration system on a 100-point scale was 70 (interquartile range 63–75, n = 193) pre-intervention and 70 (interquartile range 60–78, n = 145) post-intervention (P = 0.626, Mann–Whitney U test).

Conclusion
The implementation of central automated unit dose dispensing with barcode-assisted medication administration was associated with a lower probability of MAEs, including potentially harmful errors, but more compliance with scanning procedures is needed. Nurses were moderately satisfied with the medication administration system, both before and after implementation. In conclusion, despite low compliance with scanning procedures, this study shows that this intervention contributes to the improvement of medication safety in hospitals.
Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Outpatient Surgery in Acute Burn Care
Authors: Zhang Zach , Golin Andrew P , Papp Anthony 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Outpatient burn surgery is increasingly used in acute burn care. Reports of its safety and efficacy are limited. This study aims to evaluate the safety and cost reduction associated with outpatient burn surgery and to describe our center’s experience. This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent outpatient burn surgery requiring split-thickness skin graft or dermal regenerative template from January 2010 to December 2018. Patient demographics, comorbidities, burn etiologies, operative data, and postoperative care were reviewed. The primary outcome is complications involving major graft loss requiring reoperation. One hundred and sixty-five patients and 173 procedures met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 44 years and 60.6% (100/165) were male. Annual outpatient procedure volume increased 48% from 23 to 34 cases over the 9-year period. The median (interquartile range) grafted percentage total body surface area was 1.0 (1.0)%. Rate of major graft loss requiring reoperation was 5.2% (9/172) and the most common site was the lower extremity (8/9, 88.9%). Age, sex, comorbidities, total body surface area, and procedure types were not significantly associated with postoperative complication rates. The outpatient burn surgery model was estimated to save CA$8170 per patient from inpatient costs. Demonstration of the safety and cost savings associated with outpatient acute burn surgery is compelling for further utilization. Our experience found the adoption of improved dressing care, appropriate patient selection, increased patient education, adequate pain control, and regimented outpatient multidisciplinary care to be fundamental for effective outpatient surgical burn care.
Outcomes of Early Surgical vs Nonsurgical Management of Pediatric Hand Friction Injuries Caused by Treadmills
Authors: Ridelman Elika , Abbas Paulette I , Angst Beth A , Klein Justin D , Shanti Christina M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pediatric hand friction injuries caused by running treadmills are ever more prevalent due to the increasing presence of home exercise equipment. These and other related injuries have received recent attention in the media, leading to mass product recalls in some cases. These friction injuries are similar to deep thermal burns, and these patients are usually cared for in the pediatric burn unit at our institution. We sought to describe our recent experience managing 22 patients with these injuries. Patients were queried from our urban pediatric burn center database. After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted for a treadmill-related hand injury over a 5-year period was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, initial treatment methods (surgical vs nonoperative), type of dressing used, hospital length of stay (LOS), and compliance with follow-up. We collected patient-centered outcomes included the time to healing and the need for subsequent surgical and/or nonsurgical interventions to treat the sequelae of these injuries. Our center treated 22 hand friction injuries caused by treadmills over the 5-year period. Five patients (23%) underwent early surgical intervention (&lt;30 days from injury), with a median time from injury of 7 days (interquartile range 1.75–13.5). This cohort required additional interventions to treat postoperative sequelae with 2 (40%) requiring additional surgery and 3 (60%) managed nonsurgically. Of the 17 (77%) who were initially treated nonoperatively, 5 (29%) healed completely with dressing changes only and required no further treatment. Eleven (65%) had injury-related sequelae and were managed successfully with nonsurgical interventions. Only 1 patient (6%) required scar modification by Z-plasty. Average LOS was 14 hours and the median number of weekly follow-up visits was 4 until complete healing. Given the excellent outcomes observed in patients treated without acute surgical intervention in this case series, nonoperative management appears to be feasible, safe, and may reduce the need for operative intervention. These injuries, although small, are deep and require a prolonged period of dressing changes and aggressive therapy including posthealing time commitment to scar management in order to achieve best outcomes. Our study supports the need for increased community awareness of this type of injury.
A Geographic Information System Approach to Map Tick Exposure Risk at a Scale for Public Health Intervention
Authors: Baldwin Harper , Landesman William J , Borgmann-Winter Benjamin , Allen David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTick-borne disease control and prevention have been largely ineffective compared to the control of other vector-borne diseases. Although control strategies exist, they are costly or ineffective at large spatial scales. We need tools to target these strategies to places of highest tick exposure risk. Here we present a geographic information system (GIS) method for mapping predicted tick exposure risk at a 200 m by 200 m resolution, appropriate for public health intervention. We followed the approach used to map tick habitat suitability over large areas. We used drag-cloth sampling to measure the density of nymphal blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis, Say (Acari: Ixodidae)) at 24 sites in Addison and Rutland Counties, VT, United States. We used a GIS to average habitat, climatological, land-use/land-cover, and abiotic characteristics over 100 m, 400 m, 1,000 m, and 2,000 m buffers around each site to evaluate which characteristic at which buffer size best predicted density of nymphal ticks (DON). The relationships between predictor variables and DON were determined with random forest models. The 100 m buffer model performed best and explained 37.7% of the variation in DON, although was highly accurate at classifying sites as having below or above average DON. This model was applied to Addison County, VT, to predict tick exposure risk at a 200 m resolution. This GIS approach to map predicted DON over a small area with fine resolution, could be used to target public health campaigns and land management practices to reduce human exposure to ticks.
Initial Work on Sex-Specific Growth Curve Guidelines for Forensically Important Blow Flies Using Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Entire Age Cohorts
Authors: Smith Joshua L , Adams Derek J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sex is a factor influencing development in many insect species, but is not widely studied in forensically important blow flies. If sex influences blow fly development, knowing the sex of a larva from a corpse can increase precision in estimates of that larva’s age. The improved prediction of larval age will make estimates of time since death using entomological evidence better. Larvae lack sexually dimorphic morphological characteristics, so sex is not immediately known visually. To generate sexually dimorphic reference growth curves, a subsample must be large enough to ensure enough males and females are present for comparison. Using two entire age Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) cohorts, we evaluated the minimum sample number needed to have enough individuals of both sexes for comparison using 95% prediction intervals. Through a simulation of three trials of 1000 random replicates, we determined that a sample size of 19 would prevent any instance of a comparison not occurring because of insufficient sampling from one sex. As the current method for molecular sex determination can be expensive, we also compared how the results of various subsampling percentages compare those of the entire age cohorts. We found that subsampling at least 50% of an entire cohort leads to almost identical results in comparison to the entire age cohort. Together, these findings will help establish guidelines for generating sex-specific reference growth curves. A uniform approach to generating these sex-specific growth curves will lead to more consistency in age estimates made from them.
Diagnosis and Clinical Development of Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis and Polymyositis With Mitochondrial Pathology: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Winkler Maren , von Landenberg Christina , Kappes-Horn Karin , Neudecker Stephan , Kornblum Cornelia , Reimann Jens 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To review our diagnostic and treatment approaches concerning sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology (PM-Mito), we conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and histological data of 32 patients diagnosed as sIBM and 7 patients diagnosed as PM-Mito by muscle biopsy. Of 32 patients identified histologically as sIBM, 19 fulfilled the 2011 European Neuromuscular Center (ENMC) diagnostic criteria for “clinico-pathologically defined sIBM” at the time of biopsy. Among these, 2 patients developed sIBM after years of immunosuppressive treatment for organ transplantation. Of 11 patients fulfilling the histological but not the clinical criteria, including 3 cases with duration &lt;12 months, 8 later fulfilled the criteria for clinico-pathologically defined sIBM. Of 7 PM-Mito patients, 4 received immunosuppression with clinical improvement in 3. One of these later developed clinico-pathologically defined sIBM; 1 untreated patient progressed to clinically defined sIBM. Thus, muscle histology remains important for this differential diagnosis to identify sIBM patients not matching the ENMC criteria and the PM-Mito group. In the latter, we report at least 50% positive, if occasionally transient, response to immunosuppressive treatments and progression to sIBM in a minority. The mitochondrial abnormalities defining PM-Mito do not seem to define the threshold to immunosuppression unresponsiveness.
Proto-magnetar jets as central engines for broad-lined Type Ic supernovae
Authors: Shankar Swapnil , Mösta Philipp , Barnes Jennifer , Duffell Paul C , Kasen Daniel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
A subset of Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic), broad-lined SNe Ic (SNe Ic-bl), show unusually high kinetic energies (∼1052 erg) that cannot be explained by the energy supplied by neutrinos alone. Many SNe Ic-bl have been observed in coincidence with long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that suggests a connection between SNe and GRBs. A small fraction of core-collapse supernovae form a rapidly rotating and strongly magnetized protoneutron star (PNS), a proto-magnetar. Jets from such magnetars can provide the high kinetic energies observed in SNe Ic-bl and also provide the connection to GRBs. In this work, we use the jetted outflow produced in a 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic CCSN simulation from a consistently formed proto-magnetar as the central engine for full-star explosion simulations. We extract a range of central engine parameters and find that the extracted engine energy is in the range of 6.231 × 1051−1.725 × 1052 erg, the engine time-scale in the range of 0.479−1.159 s and the engine half-opening angle in the range of ∼9°−19°. Using these as central engines, we perform 2D special relativistic (SR) hydrodynamic (HD) and radiation transfer simulations to calculate the corresponding light curves and spectra. We find that these central engine parameters successfully produce SNe Ic-bl that demonstrates that jets from proto-magnetars can be viable engines for SNe Ic-bl. We also find that only the central engines with smaller opening angles (∼11°) form a GRB implying that GRB formation is likely associated with narrower jet outflows and Ic-bl’s without GRBs may be associated with wider outflows.
Optimized localization for gravitational waves from merging binaries
Authors: You Zhi-Qiang , Ashton Gregory , Zhu Xing-Jiang , Thrane Eric , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The Advanced LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave observatories have opened a new window with which to study the inspiral and mergers of binary compact objects. These observations are most powerful when coordinated with multimessenger observations. This was underlined by the first observation of a binary neutron star merger GW170817, coincident with a short gamma-ray burst, GRB170817A, and the identification of the host galaxy NGC 4993 from the optical counterpart AT2017gfo. Finding the fast-fading optical counterpart critically depends on the rapid production of a sky map based on LIGO/Virgo data. Currently, a rapid initial sky map is produced, followed by a more accurate, high-latency, ${\gtrsim}{12}\, {\rm h}$ sky map. We study optimization choices of the Bayesian prior and signal model, which can be used alongside other approaches such as reduced order quadrature. We find these yield up to a $60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ reduction in the time required to produce the high-latency localization for binary neutron star mergers.
VLBI properties of compact interplanetary scintillators detected by the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Jaiswal Sumit , An Tao , Wang Ailing , Tingay Steven 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Interplanetary scintillation (IPS) provides an approach for identifying the presence of sub-arcsec structures in radio sources, and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique can help verify whether the IPS sources have fine structures on milli-arcsec (mas) scales. We searched the available VLBI archive for the 244 IPS sources detected by the Murchison Widefield Array at 162 MHz and found 63 cross-matches. We analysed the VLBI data of the 63 sources and characterised the compactness index in terms of the ratio R of the VLBI-measured flux density at 4.3 GHz to the flux density estimated using the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) at 3 GHz and NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) at 1.4 GHz (SVLBI/SSA). Eleven sources are identified as blazars according to their flat spectra and strong variability. They show high compactness indices with R &gt; 0.4, compact core-jet structure, and a broad distribution of normalised scintillation index (NSI). Other sources show diverse morphologies (compact core, core and one-sided jet, core and two-sided jets), but there is a correlation between R and NSI with a correlation coefficient r = 0.47. A similar R–NSI correlation is found in sources showing single steep power-law or convex spectra. After excluding blazars (which are already known to be compact sources) from the VLBI-detected IPS sources, a strong correlation is found between the compactness and scintillation index of the remaining samples, indicating that stronger scintillating sources are more compact. This pilot study shows that IPS offers a convenient method to identify compact radio sources without the need to invoke high-resolution imaging observations, which often require significant observational time.
Deprojection of external barred galaxies from photometry
Authors: Tahmasebzadeh Behzad , Zhu Ling , Shen Juntai , Gerhard Ortwin , Qin Yujing 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The observations of external galaxies are projected to the 2D sky plane. Reconstructing the 3D intrinsic density distribution of a galaxy from the 2D image is challenging, especially for barred galaxies, but is a critical step for constructing galactic dynamical models. Here, we present a method for deprojecting barred galaxies and we validate the method by testing against mock images created from an N-body simulation with a peanut-shaped bar. We decompose a galaxy image into a bulge (including a bar) and a disc. By subtracting the disc from the original image a barred bulge remains. We perform multi-Gaussian expansion (MGE) fit to each component, then we deproject them separately by considering the barred bulge is triaxial while the disc is axisymmetric. We restrict the barred bulge to be aligned in the disc plane and has a similar thickness to the disc in the outer regions. The 3D density distribution is thus constructed by combining the barred bulge and the disc. Our model can generally recover the 3D density distribution of disc and inner barred bulge regions, although not a perfect match to the peanut-shaped structure. By using the same initial conditions, we integrate the orbits in our model-inferred potential and the true potential by freezing the N-body simulation. We find that $85{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of all these orbits have similar morphologies in these two potentials, and our model supports the orbits that generate a boxy/peanut-shaped structure and an elongated bar similar to these in the true potential.
Central sensitisation in primary Sjögren Syndrome and its effect on sleep quality
Authors: Metin Ökmen Burcu , Ayar Koray , Altan Lale , Yeşilöz Özgür 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence and frequency of central sensitisation (CS) in primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) and to determine the effect of CS on sleep quality.

Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 50 patients diagnosed with pSS between the ages of 18 and 75 were included. The healthy control group was composed of 43 healthcare workers. Each participant underwent a physical examination, and demographic data and the medications they used were recorded. Central sensitisation inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires were filled in to garner data on CS and sleep quality, respectively, from all participants.

Results
While central sensitisation inventory  &gt;40 was detected in 74% of pSS patients, it was 25.6% in healthy controls, and there is a statistically significant difference between the groups (p &lt; .05). A correlation analysis of the central sensitisation inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index values of all participants revealed a statistically significant correlation between all parameters other than the duration of sleep (p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
CS was found to have a negative effect on sleep quality in patients with pSS. We suggest that the cause of widespread pain seen in patients with pSS as the possible development of CS should be considered.
Vanadate inhibits Feo-mediated iron transport inVibrio cholerae
Authors: Shin Minhye , Gomez-Garzon Camilo , Payne Shelley M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIron is an essential element for Vibrio cholerae to survive, and Feo, the major bacterial system for ferrous iron transport, is important for growth of this pathogen in low-oxygen environments. To gain insight into its biochemical mechanism, we evaluated the effects of widely used ATPase inhibitors on the ATP hydrolysis activity of the N-terminal domain of V. cholerae FeoB. Our results showed that sodium orthovanadate and sodium azide effectively inhibit the catalytic activity of the N-terminal domain of V. cholerae FeoB. Further, sodium orthovanadate was the more effective inhibitor against V. cholerae ferrous iron transport in vivo. These results contribute to a more comprehensive biochemical understanding of Feo function, and shed light on designing effective inhibitors against bacterial FeoB proteins.