bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities in response to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infestation in the Three Gorges Reservoir region
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Zhao Lijuan , Liu Jiaqi , Yang Yajie , Shi Juan , Wen Junbao , Gao Ruihe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo study the effect of the invasion of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on the functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities, the populations of tree species and insect communities were investigative in the Masson pine forests with different infestation durations of B. xylophilus. In this study, the number of Pinus massoniana began to decrease sharply, whereas the total number of other tree species in the arboreal layer increased gradually with the infestation duration of B. xylophilus. The principal component analysis ordination biplot shows that there was a significant change in the spatial distribution of woody plant species in different Masson pine forest stands. Additionally, a total of 7,188 insect specimens were obtained. The insect population showed an upward trend in stand types with the increase of pine wilt disease infection periods, which demonstrated that the insect community had been significantly affected by the invasion of B. xylophilus. However, the insect diversity indexes were not significantly different among Masson pine forest stands. The structure of insect functional groups changed from herbivorous (He) > omnivorous (Om) > predatory (Pr) > parasitic (Pa) > detritivorous (De) in the control stand to He > Pa > Om, De > Pr after B. xylophilus infestation in the forests. The results showed that the populations of He, Pa, and De increased after the invasion of B. xylophilus, but the populations of Pr decreased. Moreover, the redundancy analysis ordination biplots reflected the complicated functional relationship between woody plant communities and insects after the invasion of B. xylophilus. The present study provides insights into the changes in the community structure of woody plants and insects, as well as the functional relationship between woody plant communities and insect communities after invasion of B. xylophilus.
Re‐evaluating the prevalence and factors characteristic of catecholamine secreting head and neck paragangliomas
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Ellsperman Susan E. , Basura Gregory J. , Else Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to characterize the prevalence and factors characteristic of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) that secrete catecholamines to inform best practices for diagnosis and management.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2020 at a single‐institution tertiary centre. One‐hundred fifty‐two patients (182 tumours) with HNPGLs with at least one measurement of urine or plasma catecholamines and/or catecholamine metabolite levels prior to treatment were included. We differentiated and characterized those patients with increased level(s) of any nature and those with ‘clinically significant’ versus ‘clinically insignificant’ catecholamine production.ResultsThirty‐one (20.4%) patients had increased catecholamine and/or catecholamine metabolite levels. In most patients, these levels were ≤5‐fold above the upper limit of the reference range. Four of these 31 patients with increased levels were ultimately found to have an additional catecholamine secreting mediastinal paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma. Fourteen of 31 patients with HNPGL were deemed clinically significant secretors of catecholamines based on hyper‐adrenergic symptoms and/or profound levels of normetanephrines. This cohort was enriched for patients with paragangliomas of the carotid body or cervical sympathetic chain and those with SDHB genetic mutations. Ultimately, the prevalence of clinically significant catecholamine secreting Hangs was determined to be 9.2% and 7.7% based on a per‐patient and per‐tumour basis, respectively.ConclusionsThe rate of catecholamine excess in the current cohort of patients with HNPGLs was higher than previously reported. Neuroendocrine tumours of any anatomic subsite may secrete catecholamines, although not all increased laboratory level(s) are indicative of clinically significant catecholamine secretion causing symptoms or warranting adrenergic blockade.
Derivation of an electronic frailty index for predicting short‐term mortality in heart failure: a machine learning approach
Authors: Ju Chengsheng , Zhou Jiandong , Lee Sharen , Tan Martin Sebastian , Liu Tong , Bazoukis George , Jeevaratnam Kamalan , Chan Esther W.Y. , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Wei Li , Zhang Qingpeng , Tse Gary 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsFrailty may be found in heart failure patients especially in the elderly and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, assessment of frailty status is time‐consuming, and the electronic frailty indices developed using health records have served as useful surrogates. We hypothesized that an electronic frailty index developed using machine learning can improve short‐term mortality prediction in patients with heart failure.Methods and resultsThis was a retrospective observational study that included patients admitted to nine public hospitals for heart failure from Hong Kong between 2013 and 2017. Age, sex, variables in the modified frailty index, Deyo's Charlson co‐morbidity index (≥2), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and prognostic nutritional index at baseline were analysed. Gradient boosting, which is a supervised sequential ensemble learning algorithm with weak prediction submodels (typically decision trees), was applied to predict mortality. Variables were ranked in the order of importance with a total score of 100 and used to build the frailty models. Comparisons were made with decision tree and multivariable logistic regression. A total of 8893 patients (median: age 81, Q1–Q3: 71–87 years old) were included, in whom 9% had 30 day mortality and 17% had 90 day mortality. Prognostic nutritional index, age, and NLR were the most important variables predicting 30 day mortality (importance score: 37.4, 32.1, and 20.5, respectively) and 90 day mortality (importance score: 35.3, 36.3, and 14.6, respectively). Gradient boosting significantly outperformed decision tree and multivariable logistic regression. The area under the curve from a five‐fold cross validation was 0.90 for gradient boosting and 0.87 and 0.86 for decision tree and logistic regression in predicting 30 day mortality. For the prediction of 90 day mortality, the area under the curve was 0.92, 0.89, and 0.86 for gradient boosting, decision tree, and logistic regression, respectively.ConclusionsThe electronic frailty index based on co‐morbidities, inflammation, and nutrition information can readily predict mortality outcomes. Their predictive performances were significantly improved by gradient boosting techniques.
Intraoperative ECMO assistance during TAVI for aortic insufficiency in an Asian patient with LVAD support
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Huang , Chen Po‐Lin , Chen Ying‐Hwa , Leu Hsin‐Bang , Kuo Chia‐Cheng , Wu Nai‐Yuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 69‐year‐old male underwent concomitant left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and aortic valve repair procedure for moderate aortic insufficiency (AI). Due to recurrence of symptomatic heart failure and post‐repair AI deterioration from trivial to moderate‐to‐severe insufficiency 2 months later, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was arranged. During TAVI, intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used to maintain stable haemodynamics and to ensure a safe environment for prosthesis deployment. Postoperative 5 month follow‐up revealed no AI and no paravalvular leakage.
Micro flow photochemical synthesis of Ca‐sensitive fluorescent sensor particles
Authors: Kronfeld Klaus‐Peter , Ellinger Thomas , Köhler Johann Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFluorescence probes have widely been used for detecting and imaging Ca2+‐enriched parts of cells but more rarely for quantitative determination of concentrations. In this study we show how this can be achieved by a novel approach using hydrogel particles. In a microfluidic co‐flow arrangement spherical droplets were generated from an aqueous solution of acrylamide, N,N'‐methylenebisacrylamide crosslinker and photoinitiator and subsequently photo‐cured in situ yielding gel particles in a sub millimeter range. These particles were separated, dried under reduced pressure and re‐swollen in water containing Rhod‐5N tri potassium salt as calcium ion selective fluorescence probe. After that the particles were dried again and stored for further investigations. Upon exposure of dried particles to calcium chloride solutions they swell and take up Ca2+‐ions forming a strong fluorescing complex with Rhod‐5N. Thus, fluorescence intensity increases with calcium ion concentration. Up to ca. 0.50 mM the enhancement effect is strong and then becomes considerably weaker. The intensity‐concentration‐dependence is well described by an equation derived from the equilibrium of the formation of a 1:1 Ca2+:Rhod‐5N complex. The particles allow for a fast optical determination of Ca2+‐concentrations up to 0.50 mM in analyte volumes down to below 10 μL.
Free‐rocking tests of a freestanding object with variation of center of gravity
Authors: Huang Baofeng , Pan Qihao , Lu Wensheng , Shen Fan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFreestanding nonstructural objects are very common in various infrastructure systems, but their dynamic properties with variations in the center of gravity (CG) are not yet fully understood. To investigate the dynamic properties of a freestanding object as its CG is varied, a steel frame model was fabricated using movable steel plates. Two scenarios, with varying and fixed CG, were considered in the free rocking tests. The experimental rotation responses generally matched the analytical responses in the initial cycles, and the discrepancy increased as the height of the CG (hcg) increased. The magnitude of the quarter period exhibited a similar trend. When the CG was fixed, the resulting magnitude of the quarter period varied slightly with hcg, indicating that the CG is one of the primary parameters affecting the quarter period. When the CG was varied, the experimental energy reduction factor was generally larger than the analytical results computed using the methods suggested in the literature, and it was scattered around the fixed CG value. The magnitude of the damping ratio was also scattered as the quarter cycle number increased, and it slightly decreased as hcg increased. An equivalent rectangular rigid block model with an equivalent height (heq) was employed to compute the geometric and dynamic parameters of the steel frame. The accuracy of this measure was investigated in terms of the quarter period and energy reduction factor. This work is beneficial for understanding the rocking behavior of freestanding objects.
An examination of social group memberships in patients with eating disorders, carers, and healthy controls
Authors: Rowlands Katie , Willmott Daniel , Cardi Valentina , Clark Bryan Danielle , Cruwys Tegan , Treasure Janet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study compared the quantity and quality of social group memberships in patients with anorexia nervosa (n = 30), carers of patients with anorexia nervosa, unrelated to those patients (n = 30), and two cohorts of healthy controls (n = 60) age‐matched to these focal groups. A secondary aim was to examine the associations between the quality of group relationships and severity of eating disorder and depression symptoms in patients; and depression symptoms in carers. Participants completed the online Social Identity Mapping Tool, which was used to measure the quantity and quality of social group memberships (e.g., number of social groups, number of groups rated ‘highly positive’). Participants also completed self‐report measures of clinical symptoms. Compared to controls, patients reported fewer social groups when eating disorder‐related groups were included, and significantly fewer social groups, and community groups in particular, when eating disorder‐related groups were excluded. Number of positive groups was negatively associated with severity of eating disorder and depression symptoms in patients when eating disorder‐related groups were excluded. Carers reported fewer groups overall, fewer family groups, and fewer positive and supportive groups compared to healthy controls. There was a weak association between the number of positive groups and the severity of depression symptoms in carers. Positive group memberships might play a protective role towards developing more severe eating disorder and depression symptoms.
Cooperative interactions among females can lead to even more extraordinary sex ratios
Authors: Iritani Ryosuke , West Stuart A. , Abe Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHamilton's local mate competition theory provided an explanation for extraordinary female-biased sex ratios in a range of organisms. When mating takes place locally, in structured populations, a female-biased sex ratio is favored to reduce competition between related males, and to provide more mates for males. However, there are a number of wasp species in which the sex ratios appear to more female biased than predicted by Hamilton's theory. It has been hypothesized that the additional female bias in these wasp species results from cooperative interactions between females. We investigated theoretically the extent to which cooperation between related females can interact with local mate competition to favor even more female-biased sex ratios. We found that (i) cooperation between females can lead to sex ratios that are more female biased than predicted by local competition theory alone, and (ii) sex ratios can be more female biased when the cooperation occurs from offspring to mothers before dispersal, rather than cooperation between siblings after dispersal. Our models formally confirm the verbal predictions made in previous experimental studies, which could be applied to a range of organisms. Specifically, cooperation can help explain sex ratio biases in Sclerodermus and Melittobia wasps, although quantitative comparisons between predictions and data suggest that some additional factors may be operating.
Exploring residual CO2 trapping in Heletz sandstone using pore‐network modeling and a realistic pore‐space topology obtained from a micro‐CT scan
Authors: Rasmusson Kristina , Rasmusson Maria , Tatomir Alexandru , Tsang Yvonne , Niemi Auli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGeological storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers mitigates atmospheric emissions. In situ storage is facilitated by several trapping mechanisms including residual trapping, which plays a major role in the containment of CO2. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of residual trapping is crucial for planning storage projects. Of special interest is the relationship between the initial and residual CO2 saturations—the so‐called IR curve, needed for predictive macroscopic‐scale simulations.This study aims to improve the understanding of residual trapping in sandstone from the Heletz site, where extensive field experiments have been performed, by using 3D‐image analysis on core sample CT‐data. This was done to gain knowledge on physical properties (such as radius, coordination number, aspect ratio, shape factor of pores, and pore connectivity) of importance to residual CO2 trapping. Pore‐network flow modeling on a network representation, with the extracted pore‐space topology, was employed to estimate the IR curve.The core sample exhibited pores with a large range of coordination numbers, a mean aspect ratio of 1.4, and shape factors mostly corresponding to triangular cross‐sections. The estimated IR curve was monotonic, fitting an Aissaoui‐type trapping model, displaying a lower sensitivity to the advancing contact angle than previously thought, and indicating a good ability to residually trap CO2.This study provides the first report of values for the three above mentioned properties for Heletz sandstone, and the first estimate of an IR curve for CO2/brine in Heletz sandstone based on pore‐network modeling on a network with a topology retrieved from a core‐sample CT‐scan. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does pay for individual performance truly undermine employee creativity? The different moderating roles of vertical and horizontal collectivist orientations
Authors: Zhang Yong , He Wei , Long Lirong , Zhang Junwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe extant literature has generated inconclusive findings concerning the effect of pay for individual performance (PFIP) on creativity. Supplementing self‐determination theory with compensation‐activation theory, we theorized and tested the moderating roles of individual cultural values of vertical and horizontal collectivist orientations on the relationship between PFIP and employee creativity as mediated by intrinsic motivation. The empirical results of two field studies provided convergent support for the intrinsic motivation mechanism underlying the positive relationship between PFIP and employee creativity among individuals with high vertical (but not horizontal) collectivist orientations. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in cultural values in understanding how extrinsic rewards affect creativity.
The Media World of ISIS
Authors: Ajjoub Orwa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Islamic State group (IS) has grabbed the world's attention as one of the most dangerous and gruesome terrorist organizations in history. The group has been studied from different disciplines such as political science, history, and theology. Michael Krona and Rosemary Pennington's edited volume, The Media World of ISIS, is an attempt by media studies scholars to explore different aspects and dimensions of the IS usage of media.
Inside Front Cover
Authors: Le Gratiet Aymeric , Bendandi Artemi , Sheppard Colin J. R. , Diaspro Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany of the most important resolution improvements in polarization‐based techniques are based on the reduction of scattering effects. However, the determination of the coherency matrix elements from the experimental Mueller matrix can take advantage of scattering measurements to obtain additional information on the structural organization of a sample. This formalism can pave the way to quantify the biological changes of zebrafish along the embryonic development at the cellular scale.Further details can be found in the article by Aymeric Le Gratiet, Artemi Bendandi, Colin J. R. Sheppard, and Alberto Diaspro (e202000494).
image
Inside Front Cover
Authors: Wu Nanshou , Yi Min , Guan Caizhong , Wang Mingyi , Zhang Zhang , Yang Xulun , Li Hongyi , Han Dingan , Zeng Yaguang , Tang Zhilie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotion correction is an important issue in ophthalmic optical coherence tomography (OCT). We present a novel method combining normalized cross‐correlation, polynomial fitting and shortest path faster algorithm to correct cross‐sectional motion artifacts in retinal volumes. The results demonstrate that our method effectively corrects motion artifacts in OCT volumes and may have potential application value in the evaluation of ophthalmic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and so on.Further details can be found in the article by Nanshou Wu, Min Yi, Caizhong Guan, Mingyi Wang, Zhang Zhang , Xulun Yang, Hongyi Li, Dingan Han, Yaguang Zeng, and Zhilie Tang (e202000443).
image
Effects of relative centrifugation force on L‐PRF: An in vivo submandibular boney defect regeneration study
Authors: Tovar Nick , Benalcázar Jalkh Ernesto B. , Ramalho Ilana S. , Rodriguez Colon Ricardo , Kim Heoijin , Bonfante Estevam A. , Torroni Andrea , Coelho Paulo G. , Witek Lukasz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProperties and composition of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) clots may be largely affected by centrifugation protocols (function of relative centrifugal force [RCF]), which may impact biological potential repair in bone regeneration. The present in vivo study sought to assess the effect of the RCF on the composition of L‐PRF clots, as well as to compare the repair potential of L‐PRF clots obtained with different RCF protocols in submandibular boney defects using PLGA scaffolds for bone regeneration. Complete blood count and volumetric evaluations were performed on L‐PRF clots obtained through centrifugation for 12 min at 200, 400, and 600 RCF‐clot centrifugation speeds. These evaluations were completed from blood collected immediately prior to any surgical procedures. The in vivo portion comprised of three submandibular unilateral, full thickness, osteotomies (~0.40cm3) which were created in the submandibular region of six sheep, using rotary instrumentation under continuous irrigation. Subsequently, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds were enveloped in a L‐PRF membrane from one of the three spinning speeds (n = 6/RCF) and inserted into the defect (sites were interpolated to avoid site bias). Six‐weeks after surgery, the mandibles were harvested en bloc and prepared for volumetric and histomorphometric evaluations. Membranes harvested from 600 RCF produced significantly larger L‐PRF clots (6.97g ± 0.95) in comparison to the lower 200 RCF (5.7g ± 0.95), with no significant differences between 600 and 400, and from 400 and 200 RCF. The three tested RCFs did not alter the platelet count of the L‐PRF clot. For the in vivo component, quantitative bone regeneration analyses demonstrated significantly higher values obtained with L‐PRF membranes extracted post 600 RCF (27.01 ± 8%) versus 200 RCF (17.54 ± 8%), with no significant differences regarding 400 RCF (~23 ± 8%). At the qualitative histological analyses, L‐PRF membranes obtained at 600 and 400 RCFs yielded improved healing throughout the defect, where the L‐PRF sourced from the lowest speed, 200 RCF, presented healing primarily at the margins along with the presence of connective tissue at the central aspect of the surgical defect. Higher 600 RCF yielded larger L‐PRF clots/membranes, resulting in enhanced bone repair potential in association with PLGA scaffolds for the treatment of critical size bone defects.
Segmental maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7q in a patient with congenital chloride diarrhea
Authors: Lyu Juanjuan , Huang Zhuo , Chen Hongbo , Sun Xiaomei , Liu Ying , Yuan Chuanjie , Ye Li , Yu Dan , Wu Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe main symptoms of congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) main symptoms are watery diarrhea, hypochloremia, and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is a heterogeneous imprinting disorder characterized by severe intrauterine retardation, poor postnatal growth, and facial dysmorphism.MethodsParent‐offspring trio whole‐exome sequencing was used to identify the causal variants. Sequencing reads were mapped to the reference of human genome version hg19. Sanger sequencing was performed as a confirmatory experiment.ResultsThe proband was a patient with SRS caused by maternal uniparental disomy 7. The CCD of the proband was caused by homozygous variant c.1515–1 (IVS13) G>A; both mutated alleles were inherited from her mother.ConclusionWe report the first clinical case of CCD and SRS occurring together. Patients with milder phenotypes may be difficult to diagnose in early stage, but close monitoring of potential complications is important for identification.
Case report: Chorionic bump detected in the third trimester
Authors: Mirghani Hisham M. , Wadhwa Neelam , Jahangir Fareeda , Abdel Hak Oruba Waleed , Uppal Shweta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA chorionic bump (CB) is a focal irregular bulge in the surrounding choriodecidual due to hematoma. The incidence of CB is between 1.5 and 7 per 1000 pregnancies. The presence of a chorionic bump is associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. CB often decreases in size with time and rarely persists beyond the first trimester. Our case report presents and discusses a chorionic bump diagnosed in the third trimester. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CB to reported in the third trimester.