bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Carboniferous Granites on the North Side of the Solonker Suture, Central South Mongolia
Authors: ZHANG Xiaowei , TONG Ying , WANG Tao , ZHAO Hui , GUO Lei , TSERENDASH Narantsetseg , PUNTSAG Delgerzaya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe central part of South Mongolia, located to the north of the Solonker Suture, is a key region for studying the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Voluminous late Paleozoic granitic rocks, especially of Carboniferous age, were intruded in this area. However, these granitoids have not been well studied and there is a lack of precise ages and isotopic data. This has hampered our understanding of the tectonic evolution of southeastern Mongolia, and even the entire CAOB. In this paper, we provide new U‐Pb isotopic ages and geochemical analyses for these Carboniferous granites. One granite from the Ulaanbadrakh pluton yielded a zircon U‐Pb age of 326 Ma, which indicates emplacement in the Early Carboniferous, and three other granites from the Khatanbulag region gave zircon U‐Pb ages of 316 Ma, 315 Ma, and 311 Ma, which indicate emplacement in the Late Carboniferous. The Early Carboniferous granite has SiO2 contents of 70.04–70.39 wt% and K2O + Na2O contents of 6.48–6.63 wt%, whereas the Late Carboniferous granites have more variable compositions (SiO2 = 65.29–77.91 wt% and K2O + Na2O = 5.30–7.27 wt%). All the granites are weakly‐peraluminous I‐types that are relatively enriched in U, Th, K, Zr, Hf, and LREEs. The whole rock Sr‐Nd and zircon in situ Lu‐Hf isotope analyses for the Early Carboniferous granite gave positive values of ∊Nd(t) (2.87) and ∊Hf(t) (4.31–12.37) with young Nd (TDM = 860 Ma) and Hf (TDMc = 1367–637 Ma) two‐stage model ages, indicating derivation from juvenile crustal material. In contrast, the Late Carboniferous granites had more diverse values of ∊Nd(t) (–4.03 to 2.18) and ∊Hf(t) (–12.69 to 5.04) with old Nd (TDM = 1358–1225 Ma) and Hf (TDMc = 2881–1294 Ma) depleted mantle two‐stage model ages, suggesting derivation from remelting of Precambrian basement. Based on the existing results, the tectonic setting of the Late Carboniferous granites in the central part of South Mongolia is known for its diversity, and this paper believes that the tectonic background of the carboniferous granite records the tectonic transition from a continental‐margin‐arc to a post‐collisional extensional setting during the Late Carboniferous–Permian.
Orange leads to black: evaluating the efficacy of co‐culturing iron‐oxidizing and sulfate‐reducing bacteria to discern ecological relationships
Authors: Brooks Chequita N. , Field Erin K. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryTwo global cycles, iron and sulfur, are critically interconnected in estuarine environments by microbiological actors. To this point, the methods of laboratory study of this interaction have been limited. Here we propose a methodology for co‐culturing from numerous coastal environments, from the same source inocula, iron‐oxidizing and sulfate‐reducing bacteria. The use of same source inocula is largely beneficial to understand real‐world interactions that are likely occurring in situ. Through the use of this methodology, the ecological interactions between these groups can be studied in a more controlled environment. Here, we characterize the oxygen and hydrogen sulfide concentrations using microelectrode depth profiling in the co‐cultures of iron‐oxidizing bacteria and sulfate‐reducing bacteria. These results suggest that while oxygen drives the relationship between these organisms and sulfate‐reducers are reliant on iron‐oxidizers in this culture to create an anoxic environment, there is likely another environmental driver that also influences the interaction as the two remain spatially distinct, as trends in FeS precipitation changed within the anoxic zone relative to the presence of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. Understanding the relationship between iron‐oxidizing and sulfate‐reducing bacteria will ultimately have implications for understanding microbial cycling in estuarine environments as well as in processes such as controlling microbially influenced corrosion.
Early growth response 2 (EGR2) is a novel regulator of the senescence programme
Authors: Tyler Eleanor J. , Gutierrez del Arroyo Ana , Hughes Bethany K. , Wallis Ryan , Garbe James C. , Stampfer Martha R. , Koh Jim , Lowe Robert , Philpott Michael P. , Bishop Cleo L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSenescence, a state of stable growth arrest, plays an important role in ageing and age‐related diseases in vivo. Although the INK4/ARF locus is known to be essential for senescence programmes, the key regulators driving p16 and ARF transcription remain largely underexplored. Using siRNA screening for modulators of the p16/pRB and ARF/p53/p21 pathways in deeply senescent human mammary epithelial cells (DS HMECs) and fibroblasts (DS HMFs), we identified EGR2 as a novel regulator of senescence. EGR2 expression is up‐regulated during senescence, and its ablation by siRNA in DS HMECs and HMFs transiently reverses the senescent phenotype. We demonstrate that EGR2 activates the ARF and p16 promoters and directly binds to both the ARF and p16 promoters. Loss of EGR2 down‐regulates p16 levels and increases the pool of p16− p21− ‘reversed’ cells in the population. Moreover, EGR2 overexpression is sufficient to induce senescence. Our data suggest that EGR2 is a direct transcriptional activator of the p16/pRB and ARF/p53/p21 pathways in senescence and a novel marker of senescence.
Runs of homozygosity provide a genome landscape picture of inbreeding and genetic history of European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds
Authors: Schiavo G. , Bovo S. , Muñoz M. , Ribani A. , Alves E. , Araújo J. P. , Bozzi R. , Čandek‐Potokar M. , Charneca R. , Fernandez A. I. , Gallo M. , García F. , Karolyi D. , Kušec G. , Martins J. M. , Mercat M.‐J. , Núñez Y. , Quintanilla R. , Radović Č. , Razmaite V. , Riquet J. , Savić R. , Usai G. , Utzeri V. J. , Zimmer C. , Ovilo C. , Fontanesi L. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryROHs are long stretches of DNA homozygous at each polymorphic position. The proportion of genome covered by ROHs and their length are indicators of the level and origin of inbreeding. Frequent common ROHs within the same population define ROH islands and indicate hotspots of selection. In this work, we investigated ROHs in a total of 1131 pigs from 20 European local pig breeds and in three cosmopolitan breeds, genotyped with the GGP Porcine HD Genomic Profiler. plink software was used to identify ROHs. Size classes and genomic inbreeding parameters were evaluated. ROH islands were defined by evaluating different thresholds of homozygous SNP frequency. A functional overview of breed‐specific ROH islands was obtained via over‐representation analyses of GO biological processes. Mora Romagnola and Turopolje breeds had the largest proportions of genome covered with ROH (~1003 and ~955 Mb respectively), whereas Nero Siciliano and Sarda breeds had the lowest proportions (~207 and 247 Mb respectively). The highest proportion of long ROH (>16 Mb) was in Apulo‐Calabrese, Mora Romagnola and Casertana. The largest number of ROH islands was identified in the Italian Landrace (n = 32), Cinta Senese (n = 26) and Lithuanian White Old Type (n = 22) breeds. Several ROH islands were in regions encompassing genes known to affect morphological traits. Comparative ROH structure analysis among breeds indicated the similar genetic structure of local breeds across Europe. This study contributed to understanding of the genetic history of the investigated pig breeds and provided information to manage these pig genetic resources.
Impact of Chinese Agribusiness Entrepreneurs on the Local Land Market in the Russian Far East
Authors: Gudaj Richard T. , Yi Fujin , Mishchuk Svetlana , Potenko Tatiana A. , Zuenko Ivan , Lerman Zvi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChinese originally migrated to the Russian Far East (RFE) to fill a labor shortage on collective farms. In more recent decades, some Chinese migrants have chosen to lease land from Russian farmers to manage their own farms. Rising soybean prices and the trade war between China and the United States have increased demand for land capable of producing soybeans. Thus, Chinese farmers in the RFE compete for land with Russians. The Chinese also contribute positively to local food security by increasing food availability and accessibility. This study uses an econometric model to analyze the impact of Chinese on local land markets in the RFE. Financial support for Russian farmers by the government depresses their demand for land; rising soybean prices and the employment of Chinese farm workers by Russian farmers encourage farm expansion, resulting in higher land prices. Selling farm produce to Chinese merchants increases the amount of land owned, cultivated, and rented by Russian farmers.
Chinese Farmers in the Russian Far East and Local Rural Development
Authors: Gudaj Richard T. , Yi Fujin , Arefieva Valeria , Yanbykh Renata , Mishchuk Svetlana , Potenko Tatiana A. , Zhou Jiayi , Zuenko Ivan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Russian Far East (RFE) is still a backward region of Russia. Per capita agricultural output is lower than the national average. Chinese agricultural entrepreneurs are farming in the region. The business environment is challenging for both Chinese and Russians. We analyze possible ways for agriculture to develop in the RFE with Chinese agricultural entrepreneurs as the main agents of development. We discuss the investment environment in the RFE, the role and impact of Chinese agricultural entrepreneurs, their ability to assist in rural development, and the challenges they face. We examine the current state of agriculture in the RFE, the experience of Chinese and Russian farmers, and the impact of Chinese farmers on Russian farmers. Agriculture can improve in the RFE with better communication and better coordination mechanisms among governments and with more training to help businesses understand existing policies and regulations.
Perceived Differences: Chinese and Russian Farmers on Business, Law, Management, and Environment
Authors: Yi Fujin , Kenina Diana , Gudaj Richard T. , Arefieva Valeria , Yanbykh Renata , Mishchuk Svetlana , Potenko Tatiana A. , Zhou Jiayi , Zuenko Ivan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe People's Republic of China has been following a strategy for several decades to encourage its enterprises to invest overseas. Since the liberalization of the Sino‐Soviet border in the 1990s, Chinese farmers have been actively engaged in the economy of the Russian Far East (RFE). This article examines Chinese and Russian public relations messages broadcast by media about Chinese‐Russian agricultural cooperation that use different arguments, methods of reasoning, and points of view. There is a clash of different national management methods. Legislation applying to Chinese working in Russia has been erratic and unstable, and that makes cooperation more challenging. The concepts of environmental protection and obedience to the law are understood differently by Russians and by Chinese. Cross‐cultural management differences affect the way people on both sides interpret institutions, interactions, and the ability to trust third parties. There are different values and priorities expressed by Russians and by Chinese when it comes to development of rural areas in the RFE.
Implications of Chinese Farmers in the Russian Far East
Authors: Sedik David , Yi Fujin , Gudaj Richard T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChinese farmers are actively engaged in the economy of the Russian Far East. We used an econometric model to analyze panel data on the socioeconomic impact on local residents of Chinese farmers and workers in the Russian Far East (RFE). Proximity to Chinese farms and sales to Chinese retailers increases the well‐being, the farm income, and the food costs of Russian rural households. The same factors raise land prices through increased competition, reduce the wages of Russian workers and the number of family members working on Russian farms, increase the number of full‐time jobs for farm workers, lower yields of corn and wheat, and raise yields of potatoes and rice. Thus, the effects of the Chinese presence on rural Russian households varies with the makeup of the household, the amount of land it owns and leases, and the number of household members who work on other farms. Cooperation with Chinese farmers and retailers plays an important role in determining the ability of the rural areas of the RFE to develop sustainably.
The psychosocial experiences and supportive care preferences of organ transplant recipients and their carers who live in regional Australia
Authors: Gunn Kate M. , Skrabal Ross Xiomara , McLoughlin Megan , McDonald Stephen , Olver Ian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no evidence that being a rural or regional organ transplant recipient has adverse physical health outcomes post‐surgery compared with those experienced by people living in cities, but the impact of living remotely from transplant centres on psychosocial outcomes has not been explored.ObjectiveTo identify the social, emotional, psychological, spiritual, informational and practical issues associated with being a regionally based organ transplant recipient or carer and determine how support services could be improved for this group.Design/ Setting/ ParticipantsTwenty‐two purposively sampled adult Australians who lived outside metropolitan centres and had received an organ transplant (n = 15) or were the primary carer of someone who had received one (n = 7), participated in semi‐structured, telephone interviews. Qualitative data were collected until data saturation was reached and were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFive key themes (plus subthemes) were identified: (a) travelling for specialist transplant care takes a toll, (b) unique transplant‐related psychological and emotional issues experienced before and after transplants, (c) caring for transplant recipients is a demanding role, (d) lay, peer and professional support, including rural general practitioners and accommodation facilities, help ease the burden, but (e) significant barriers to accessing transplant‐focused psychosocial support exist.ConclusionNovel methods of delivering targeted, transplant‐specific information and psychosocial care to rural transplant recipients and their carers, employers and rural health professionals require development and evaluation. Strategies might be delivered by peers or professionals via telehealth, telephone, social media or websites for example, depending on preferences and level of need.
Large adrenal tumours mimicking hepatic malignancy: the role of concurrent adrenalectomy and anterior approach hepatectomy
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Mohapatra Nihar , Patil Nilesh S. , Sinha Piyush K. , Tharun Gattu , Pamecha Viniyendra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLarge right adrenal tumours may invade the liver and mimic primary hepatic malignancy, presenting diagnostic and management challenges. The ‘anterior approach hepatectomy’ (AAH) using hanging manoeuvre may be safe for resection of such tumours.MethodsProspectively maintained database was analysed to identify the large tumours of adreno‐hepatic region subjected to hepatectomy. Clinico‐biochemical, radiological and surgical details were reviewed. AAH and hanging manoeuvre was adopted for the patients requiring right hepatectomy.ResultsOut of the eight patients with adreno‐hepatic tumour, four had indeterminate origin of the mass, two had complex cysts, and two were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma on the pre‐operative imaging. The median age was 38 years (23–66); male:female ratio was 5:3. AAH was performed in four patients, while others underwent non‐anatomical resection of involved segment(s). This accounted for 1.01% of 789 hepatectomies performed during the study period. The median intra‐operative blood loss was 525 mL (150–2200 mL) and the median tumour size was 9 cm (6–17 cm). All patients underwent R0 resection. The final histopathological diagnoses were: three phaeochromocytomas (two malignant and one benign), two adrenocortical carcinomas, one malignant paraganglionomas and two adrenal cysts. Major complication (grade IVa) was experienced in one patient. On median follow‐up of 67.5 months (7–84), all were alive and one patient had tumour recurrence.ConclusionAdrenal tumours mimicking primary hepatic malignancy are rare but pose diagnostic challenges. The AAH is a safe approach with acceptable R0 resection, blood loss, surgical complications and overall outcome for the patients requiring right hepatectomy.
Survival benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery versus surgery first for resectable colorectal liver metastases: a cohort study
Authors: Behrenbruch Corina , Prabhakaran Sowmya , Udayasiri Dilshan , Hollande Frédéric , Michael Michael , Hayes Ian , Heriot Alexander , Knowles Brett , Thomson Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is continued debate about the survival benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neoCT) in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included 201 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who underwent their first CRLM resection and achieved resection of all sites of disease. We compared the overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) between patients who received neoCT prior to CRLM resection with those who underwent CRLM upfront. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to adjust for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 101 of 201 (51.2%) patients received chemotherapy prior to CRLM resection and 100 of 201 had surgery upfront. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression showed no statistically significant difference in the hazard of death for those given neoCT prior to resection of CRLM compared with surgery first for both OS and PFS (OS: hazard ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 0.85–3.55, P = 0.127, PFS: hazard ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 0.93–2.19, P = 0.107).ConclusionIn our series of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who achieved surgical resection of all sites of disease, neoCT prior to CRLM resection was not associated with any survival benefit.
Do stress and anxiety in early pregnancy affect the progress of labor: Evidence from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study
Authors: Slade Pauline , Sheen Kayleigh , Weeks Andrew , Wray Susan , De Pascalis Leonardo , Lunt Karen , Bedwell Carol , Thompson Belinda , Hill Johnathan , Sharp Helen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite widespread belief that anxiety causes longer labor, evidence of association is inconsistent. Data gathered as part of a prospective epidemiological longitudinal study were used to investigate associations between antenatal anxiety and pregnancy‐specific stress, and labor progression was assessed by duration and use of augmentation.Material and methodsPregnant primiparous women completed measures for anxiety and pregnancy‐specific stress at 20 weeks’ gestation (n = 1145). Birth outcome data were extracted from medical records. Regression analyses and a path analysis assessed associations between antenatal anxiety and pregnancy‐specific stress, and indices of labor progression (labor duration and augmentation).ResultsAnxiety/pregnancy‐specific stress were not directly associated with duration of stage 1 labor (HIGH/LOW anxiety: mean difference = 13.94 minutes, SD = 20.66, 95% CI −26.60 to 54.49, P < .50)/(HIGH/LOW pregnancy‐specific stress: mean difference = 12.05 minutes, SD = 16.09, 95% CI −19.52 to 43.63, P < .45). However, anxiety/pregnancy‐specific stress were associated with epidural use (HIGH/LOW anxiety: 39% vs 31%, P < .042; HIGH/LOW pregnancy‐specific stress: 38% vs 29%, P < .001), which was itself associated with longer labor (mean difference: 158.79 minutes, SD = 16.76, 95% CI 125.89‐191.68, P < .001). Anxiety and pregnancy‐specific stress were associated with increased likelihood of augmentation but these associations were nonsignificant after accounting for epidural, which was itself highly associated with augmentation. However, path analysis indicated an indirect effect linking pregnancy‐specific stress, but not general anxiety, to labor duration and augmentation: elevated pregnancy‐specific stress led to greater use of epidural, which was linked to both increased rates of augmentation, and increased labor duration.ConclusionsContrary to general belief, general anxiety and specific pregnancy stress were not directly linked to longer duration of stage one labor. However specific pregnancy stress was associated with epidural use, which in turn was significantly associated with risk of augmentation, and longer stage one labor. Identification of pregnancy‐specific stress could help to identify women for whom psychological interventions could improve birth experience.
Adding a low‐quality blastocyst to a high‐quality blastocyst for a double embryo transfer does not decrease pregnancy and live birth rate
Authors: Theodorou Efstathios , Jones Benjamin P. , Cawood Suzanne , Heath Carleen , Serhal Paul , Ben‐Nagi Jara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of embryo quality on clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology following a double transfer is not well defined, with some studies suggesting that a low‐quality embryo transferred with a high‐quality embryo decreases the live birth rate (LBR), compared with transferring a single high‐quality embryo. Our study examined whether the quality of a second blastocyst transferred affects the outcome, controlling for the number of the available high‐quality blastocysts (HQB).Material and methodsA historical cohort study of 2346 fresh blastocyst transfers in a single fertility clinic between 2013 and 2019. The main outcomes were pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth, and multiple gestation rates. Outcomes were compared between single embryo transfers with a high‐quality blastocyst (SET‐H), double embryo transfers with two HQBs (DET‐HH), and transfers with one high‐quality and one low‐quality blastocyst (DET‐HL). Outcomes were also assessed between SET and DET when only low‐quality blastocysts were available.ResultsWith one HQB available, DET‐HL increased LBR (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.65, 95% CI 1.09‐2.49) compared with SET‐H, but increased multiple gestation rate (aOR 23.1, 95% CI 3.0‐177.6). With two HQBs available, DET‐HH was associated with a higher LBR (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.28‐2.04) and lower miscarriage rate (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40‐0.80), but very high twin rate (aOR 49.8, 95% CI 24.3‐102.1) compared with SET‐H. A SET‐H with at least one or more HQB available to freeze, compared with a SET‐H with no other HQB available, had a higher LBR (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.17‐2.45). When there were no HQBs available, compared with SET‐L, a DET‐LL had a higher live birth (aOR 3.20, 95% CI 1.78‐7.703) and twin rate (aOR 3.72 × 1010) and a lower miscarriage rate (aOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10‐0.58).ConclusionsWhen there is one HQB available, transferring an additional low‐quality blastocyst would only slightly increase the LBR, but significantly increase the twin rate, therefore SET should be recommended. When two or more HQBs are available, SET‐H would have a reasonably good chance of success without the very high twin rate associated with DET‐HH. DET‐LL when compared with SET‐L, would increase the LBR, but increase the risk of multiple gestation.