bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report on the finiteness of silting objects
Authors: Aihara Takuma , Honma Takahiro , Miyamoto Kengo , Wang Qi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe discuss the finiteness of (two-term) silting objects. First, we investigate new triangulated categories without silting object. Second, we study two classes of $\tau$-tilting-finite algebras and give the numbers of their two-term silting objects. Finally, we explore when $\tau$-tilting-finiteness implies representation-finiteness and obtain several classes of algebras in which a $\tau$-tilting-finite algebra is representation-finite.
On simultaneous rational approximation to a p-adic number and its integral powers, II
Authors: Badziahin Dzmitry , Bugeaud Yann , Schleischitz Johannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet $p$ be a prime number. For a positive integer $n$ and a real number $\xi$, let $\lambda _n (\xi )$ denote the supremum of the real numbers $\lambda$ for which there are infinitely many integer tuples $(x_0, x_1, \ldots , x_n)$ such that $| x_0 \xi - x_1|_p, \ldots , | x_0 \xi ^{n} - x_n|_p$ are all less than $X^{-\lambda - 1}$, where $X$ is the maximum of $|x_0|, |x_1|, \ldots , |x_n|$. We establish new results on the Hausdorff dimension of the set of real numbers $\xi$ for which $\lambda _n (\xi )$ is equal to (or greater than or equal to) a given value.
Rediscovering Afghan Fine Arts: The life of an Afghan student in Germany, Abdul Ghafur Brechna
Authors: WARDAKI MARJAN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 1919, Afghanistan embarked on a series of reforms that led to the presence of Afghan students at various European universities, facilitating the circulation of peoples, ideas, and goods. Focusing on one of these cases, this article examines how an Afghan student engaged critically with ‘Western’ art and translated artistic ideas and technologies through the grid of Afghanistan's own history of the fine arts. Through an exploration of the work of Abdul Ghafur Brechna (1907–1974)—artist, music composer, poet, and writer—I argue that, despite his desire to train at German technical schools, Brechna translated, then connected, his Western training to restore Afghanistan's traditional visual and literary arts, making it problematic to define his oeuvre as purely ‘modern’ or ‘traditional’. The first aim is to situate Brechna within the intellectual milieu of Weimar Germany, placing emphasis on how he curated the course of his education to support his aims. By tracing out the evolution of his artistic knowledge to Afghanistan, the second part of this article connects his earlier training to the newly emerging scholars in Kabul who also grappled with national renewal and an ‘Aryan’ literary and cultural heritage. Lastly, I discuss his attempt to rewrite the history of the arts by closely analysing his visual and literary work, emphasizing in particular his attempt to reconnect to themes and genres that had previously been lost or neglected.
The epidemiology of non-suicidal self-injury: lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and treatment use in a nationally representative sample of adults in England
Authors: Liu Richard T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the clinical importance of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received increasing recognition, relatively little is known about its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of NSSI in adults and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric disorders, and lifetime treatment for NSSI.MethodsA nationally representative face-to-face survey was conducted with 7192 adults aged ≥18 years in England. Respondents were interviewed about engagement in NSSI, psychiatric illness, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and treatment history for this behavior.ResultsThe estimated lifetime prevalence rate of NSSI was 4.86%. Younger age, growing up without biological parents in the household, being unmarried, and impoverished backgrounds were associated with NSSI. The majority of respondents with lifetime NSSI (63.82%) had at least one current psychiatric disorder. Most psychiatric conditions were associated with greater odds of lifetime NSSI in multivariate models. NSSI was strongly associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, respectively, even after accounting for psychiatric disorders and sociodemographic covariates. A substantial proportion of respondents with NSSI history (30.92%) have engaged in medically severe self-harm, as indexed by requiring medical attention for this behavior. The majority of respondents with NSSI (56.20%) had not received psychiatric care for this behavior.ConclusionsNSSI is prevalent in the general population and associated with considerable psychiatric comorbidity. A high rate of unmet treatment needs is evident among those with this behavior. Those at the greatest lifetime risk for NSSI may also be particularly limited in their resources to cope with this behavior.
Food and the Global Political Economy
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs part of the roundtable, “Ethics and the Future of the Global Food System,” this essay examines how the key decisions within the global system of food production are shaped by the organization of the global political economy. The understanding of the global political economy follows standard definitions that focus on the dominant market practices and the institutional structures within which those practices are embedded. I identify examples of market practices and institutional policies that structurally impair the ability of states to secure the human rights of their citizens, and explain specific issues of structural injustice raised by each example. The conclusion provides a survey of a range of alternative solutions for transforming the global political economy and creating the conditions for a more just and ecologically sustainable food system. Ultimately, our conception of human rights and the mechanisms for their protection and enforcement must change in order to address the scale and gravity of problems affecting the future of agriculture and our ability to feed the world.
Arguments for Well-Regulated Capitalism, and Implications for Global Ethics, Food, Environment, Climate Change, and Beyond
Authors: Budolfson Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiscourse on food ethics often advocates the anti-capitalist idea that we need less capitalism, less growth, and less globalization if we want to make the world a better and more equitable place. This idea is also familiar from much discourse in global ethics, environment, and political theory, more generally. However, many experts argue that this anti-capitalist idea is not supported by reason and argument, and is actually wrong. As part of the roundtable, “Ethics and the Future of the Global Food System,” the main contribution of this essay is to explain the structure of the leading arguments against this anti-capitalist idea, and in favor of well-regulated capitalism. I initially focus on general arguments for and against globalized capitalism. I then turn to implications for the food, environment, climate change, and beyond. Finally, I clarify the important kernel of truth in the critique of neoliberalism familiar from food ethics, political theory, and beyond—as well as the limitations of that critique.
Constraining Jumps in Density and Elastic Properties at the 660 km Discontinuity Using Normal Mode Data via the Backus‐Gilbert Method
Authors: Lau Harriet C. P. , Romanowicz Barbara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe apply the Backus‐Gilbert approach to normal mode center frequency data, to constrain jumps in P, S, bulk‐sound speed and density at the “660” discontinuity in the earth’s mantle (∼650–670 km depth). Different 1‐D models are considered to compute sensitivity kernels. When using model PREM (Dziewonski & Anderson, 1981, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 25, 297–356. doi:10.1016/0031‐9201(81)90046‐7) as reference, with a “660” at 670 km depth, the best‐fitting jumps in density, P‐ and S‐wave speeds range from (5.1–8.2)%, (5.3–8.0)%, (5.0–7.0)%, respectively, so the PREM values lie outside the ranges of acceptable density and P wave speed jumps. When shifting the depth of “660” to 660 km, the density and S wave speed jumps increase, while the P‐wave speed jump decreases. Normal mode data do not support a global transition at 650 km depth. The density jumps are closer to those of pyrolite than PREM, while our bulk‐sound wave speed jumps suggest a larger garnet proportion at “660.”
The Occurrence Feature of Plasma Bubbles in the Equatorial to Midlatitude Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Storms Using Long‐Term GNSS‐TEC Data
Authors: Sori T. , Shinbori A. , Otsuka Y. , Tsugawa T. , Nishioka M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe performed a superposed epoch analysis of solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, geomagnetic index, and the rate of total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI) derived from global navigation satellite system‐TEC data during 652 geomagnetic storm events (minimum SYM‐H < −40 nT), to clarify the occurrence features and causes of storm‐time plasma bubbles in the equatorial to mid‐latitude ionosphere. In this analysis, we defined the time of the SYM‐H minimum as the zero epoch. As a result, the ROTI enhancement started at the duskside magnetic equator and expanded to higher latitudes during the main phase. Approximately 1 h after the onset of the recovery phase, the ROTI values at the magnetic equator in the dusk‐to‐midnight sectors decreased while those in the dawn sector increased. This situation persisted for at least 12 h. The ratio of the ROTI during the main phase to that during the quiet period in the dusk sector is the largest in May–July. The ratio of the ROTI during the recovery phase decreased during dusk with increasing solar activity. Considering the requirement of the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability, the difference in the magnetic local time of the ROTI signature, between the main and recovery phases, can be explained by a local time distribution of storm‐time electric fields associated with a prompt penetration electric field and disturbance dynamo. This implies that the occurrence feature of the plasma bubble is different from that during quiet times when the input of solar wind energy to the magnetosphere and ionosphere increases significantly.
Counter‐Gradient Momentum Transport Through Subtropical Shallow Convection in ICON‐LEM Simulations
Authors: Dixit Vishal , Nuijens Louise , Helfer Kevin C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is well known that subtropical shallow convection transports heat and water vapor upwards from the surface. It is less clear if it also transports horizontal momentum upwards to significantly affect the trade winds in which it is embedded. We utilize unique multiday large‐eddy simulations run over the tropical Atlantic with ICON‐LEM to investigate the character of shallow convective momentum transport (CMT). For a typical trade‐wind profile during boreal winter, CMT acts as an apparent friction to decelerate the north‐easterly flow. This effect maximizes below the cloud base while in the cloud layer, friction is very small, although present over a relatively deep layer. In the cloud layer, the zonal component of the momentum flux is counter‐gradient and penetrates deeper than reported in traditional shallow cumulus LES cases. The transport through conditionally sampled convective updrafts and downdrafts explains a weak friction effect, but not the counter‐gradient flux near the cloud tops. The analysis of the momentum flux budget reveals that, in the cloud layer, the counter‐gradient flux is driven by convectively triggered nonhydrostatic pressure‐gradients and horizontal circulations surrounding the clouds. A model set‐up with large domain size and realistic boundary conditions is necessary to resolve these effects.
Internal Water Facilitates Thermal Resetting of Clumped Isotopes in Biogenic Aragonite
Authors: Nooitgedacht C. W. , van der Lubbe H. J. L. , Ziegler M. , Staudigel P. T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiogenic and inorganic calcium carbonates contain considerable amounts of internal water, both as free and organically associated water. The oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O) of internal water and hosting carbonate are analyzed for various carbonates before and after heating at 175°C for 90 minutes. During heating, the δ18O values of internal water significantly increased in biogenic aragonites and speleothem calcite, whereas the δ18O carbonate values were lowered. Correspondingly, an aragonitic bivalve’s clumped‐isotope distribution (Δ47) changed during heating, increasing reconstructed paleotemperatures. In contrast, an inorganic aragonite crystal, containing a comparable amount of internal water, showed no oxygen isotope exchange, and its Δ47 values remained unaltered during heating, implying that there is a link between internal oxygen isotope exchange and Δ47 resetting. This alteration process occurred without any detectable transformation from aragonite to calcite. Our results therefore reveal a mechanism that facilitates oxygen isotope exchange between biogenic aragonite and its internal water, while simultaneously resetting the Δ47 values, without affecting mineralogy. Future studies may therefore apply coupled water‐carbonate analyses to scrutinize these kinds of diagenetic alteration processes. It appears that in biogenic aragonites, more carbonate is available for exchange reactions with the internal water reservoir than in inorganic aragonites, a feature that can be attributed to the distribution of organic‐associated water and/or high surface area fluid inclusions. This water‐aragonite exchange occurs at lower temperatures than those required for solid‐state bond reordering at the same timescale, and thus likely has occurred earlier during the burial of biogenic aragonites.
C/EBPβ promotes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance by enhancing homologous recombination repair in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Tan Jiahong , Zheng Xu , Li Mengchen , Ye Fei , Song Chunyan , Xu Cheng , Zhang Xiaoxue , Li Wenqian , Wang Ya , Zeng Shaoqing , Li Huayi , Chen Gang , Huang Xiaoyuan , Ma Ding , Liu Dan , Gao Qinglei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPARP inhibitors (PARPi) are efficacious in treating high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. However, they exhibit suboptimal efficiency in HR-proficient cancers. Here, we found that the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor, was inversely correlated with PARPi sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, both in HR-proficient condition. High C/EBPβ expression enhanced PARPi tolerance; PARPi treatment in turn induced C/EBPβ expression. C/EBPβ directly targeted and upregulated multiple HR genes (BRCA1, BRIP1, BRIT1, and RAD51), thereby inducing restoration of HR capacity and mediating acquired PARPi resistance. C/EBPβ is a key regulator of the HR pathway and an indicator of PARPi responsiveness. Targeting C/EBPβ could induce HR deficiency and rescue PARPi sensitivity accordingly. Our findings indicate that HR-proficient patients may benefit from PARPi via targeting C/EBPβ, and C/EBPβ expression levels enable predicting and tracking PARPi responsiveness during treatment.
Emerging roles of cancer-testis antigenes, semenogelin 1 and 2, in neoplastic cells
Authors: Shuvalov Oleg , Kizenko Alyona , Petukhov Alexey , Fedorova Olga , Daks Alexandra , Barlev Nikolai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer-testicular Antigens (CTAs) belong to a group of proteins that under normal conditions are strictly expressed in a male’s reproductive tissues. However, upon malignisation, they are frequently re-expressed in neoplastic tissues of various origin. A number of studies have shown that different CTAs affect growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells and favor cancer development and metastasis. Two members of the CTA group, Semenogelin 1 and 2 (SEMG1 and SEMG2, or SEMGs) represent the major component of human seminal fluid. They regulate the motility and capacitation of sperm. They are often re-expressed in different malignancies including breast cancer. However, there is almost no information about the functional properties of SEMGs in cancer cells. In this review, we highlight the role of SEMGs in the reproductive system and also summarize the data on their expression and functions in malignant cells of various origins.
Biallelic novel mutations of the COL27A1 gene in a patient with Steel syndrome
Authors: Kim Jong Seop , Jeon Hyoungseok , Lee Hyeran , Ko Jung Min , Kim Yonghwan , Choi Murim , Nishimura Gen , Kim Ok-Hwa , Cho Tae-Joon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn 11-year-old Korean boy presented with short stature, hip dysplasia, radial head dislocation, carpal coalition, genu valgum, and fixed patellar dislocation and was clinically diagnosed with Steel syndrome. Scrutinizing the trio whole-exome sequencing data revealed novel compound heterozygous mutations of COL27A1 (c.[4229_4233dup]; [3718_5436del], p.[Gly1412Argfs*157];[Gly1240_Lys1812del]) in the proband, which were inherited from heterozygous parents. The maternal mutation was a large deletion encompassing exons 38–60, which was challenging to detect.
Long-term water conservation is fostered by smart meter-based feedback and digital user engagement
Authors: Cominola Andrea , Giuliani Matteo , Castelletti Andrea , Fraternali Piero , Gonzalez Sergio Luis Herrera , Herrero Joan Carles Guardiola , Novak Jasminko , Rizzoli Andrea Emilio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsumption-based feedback has been demonstrated to encourage water conservation behaviors. Smart meters and digital solutions can support customized feedback and reinforce behavioral change. Yet, most of the studies documenting water conservation effects induced by feedback and smart meter data visualization evaluate them in short-term experimental trials only. Here we show that water conservation behaviors promoted by smart meter-based consumption feedback and digital user engagement interventions might persist in the long term. We developed an analysis of 334 households in Valencia, Spain. We find that approximately 47% of the households engaged in our water conservation program achieved a long-term 8% reduction of volumetric water consumption, compared with pre-treatment observations. Water conservation behaviors persisted more than two years after the beginning of the program, especially for the households receiving sub-daily smart meter information. Our results provide empirical evidence that smart meter-based water consumption feedback and digital user engagement can effectively promote durable conservation behaviors.
Comparison of the Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE methods using polymer models of chromatin
Authors: Fiorillo Luca , Musella Francesco , Conte Mattia , Kempfer Rieke , Chiariello Andrea M. , Bianco Simona , Kukalev Alexander , Irastorza-Azcarate Ibai , Esposito Andrea , Abraham Alex , Prisco Antonella , Pombo Ana , Nicodemi Mario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHi-C, split-pool recognition of interactions by tag extension (SPRITE) and genome architecture mapping (GAM) are powerful technologies utilized to probe chromatin interactions genome wide, but how faithfully they capture three-dimensional (3D) contacts and how they perform relative to each other is unclear, as no benchmark exists. Here, we compare these methods in silico in a simplified, yet controlled, framework against known 3D structures of polymer models of murine and human loci, which can recapitulate Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE experiments and multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) single-molecule conformations. We find that in silico Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE bulk data are faithful to the reference 3D structures whereas single-cell data reflect strong variability among single molecules. The minimal number of cells required in replicate experiments to return statistically similar contacts is different across the technologies, being lowest in SPRITE and highest in GAM under the same conditions. Noise-to-signal levels follow an inverse power law with detection efficiency and grow with genomic distance differently among the three methods, being lowest in GAM for genomic separations >1 Mb.
A multilevel carbon and water footprint dataset of food commodities
Authors: Petersson Tashina , Secondi Luca , Magnani Andrea , Antonelli Marta , Dembska Katarzyna , Valentini Riccardo , Varotto Alessandra , Castaldi Simona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInforming and engaging citizens to adopt sustainable diets is a key strategy for reducing global environmental impacts of the agricultural and food sectors. In this respect, the first requisite to support citizens and actors of the food sector is to provide them a publicly available, reliable and ready to use synthesis of environmental pressures associated to food commodities. Here we introduce the SU-EATABLE LIFE database, a multilevel database of carbon (CF) and water (WF) footprint values of food commodities, based on a standardized methodology to extract information and assign optimal footprint values and uncertainties to food items, starting from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. The database and its innovative methodological framework for uncertainty treatment and data quality assurance provides a solid basis for evaluating the impact of dietary shifts on global environmental policies, including climate mitigation through greenhouse gas emission reductions. The database ensures repeatability and further expansion, providing a reliable science-based tool for managers and researcher in the food sector.
Bioprocess development for enhanced endoglucanase production by newly isolated bacteria, purification, characterization and in-vitro efficacy as anti-biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ibrahim Atef M. , Hamouda Ragaa A. , El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , Al-Shakankery Fatma M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndoglucanase producing bacteria were isolated from Egyptian soils and the most active bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain Fatma/1. Plackett–Burman statistical design was carried out to assess the effect of seven process variables on endoglucanase production. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), yeast extract and peptone were the most significant variables that enhanced the endoglucanase production and thus were selected for further optimization using face-centered central composite design. The highest yield of endoglucanase (32.37 U/mL) was obtained in run no. 9, using 18 g/L CMC, 8 g/L peptone, 7 g/L yeast extract and 0.1 g/L FeSO4.7H2O. The optimized medium showed about eightfold increase in endoglucanase production compared to the unoptimized medium. The produced crude enzyme was further purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, then DEAE-Sepharose CL6B column. The purified enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of 37 kDa. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8.0, temperature of 50 °C, incubation time of 60 min. The half-life time (T1/2) was 139.53 min at 50 °C, while being 82.67 min at 60 °C. Endoglucanase at concentration of 12 U/mL effectively removed 84.61% of biofilm matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with marked reduction in carbohydrate content of the biofilm from 63.4 to 7.9 μg.