bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and stability of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses for correcting intractable myopic anisometropic amblyopia in a pediatric cohort
Authors: Morkos Fathy Fawzy , Fawzy Nader F. , El Bahrawy Mohamed , Fathy Nada , Elkitkat Rania Serag 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Myopic anisometropic amblyopia in pediatrics is one of the most challenging clinical situations that can face an ophthalmologist. Conventional correction modalities for myopic anisometropia, using spectacles, contact lenses, and/or occlusion therapy, may not be suitable for some pediatric patients or for some ocular conditions. This may lead to the development of anisometropic amblyopia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the visual and the refractive efficacy, safety, and stability of Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses (PC-pIOLs) for correcting myopic anisometropic amblyopia in a pediatric cohort.

Methods
This case series, prospective, interventional study was conducted at Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. It comprised children and teenagers with myopic anisometropic amblyopia and unsuccessful conventional therapy. After implantation of Intraocular Collamer Lenses “ICLs” (Visian ICL, Model V4c, STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, California, USA), postoperative follow-up visits were scheduled, with automated refraction and Pentacam imaging performed.

Results
The study enrolled 42 eyes of 42 patients. The age range was 3 to 18 years (mean ± SD = 10.74 years ±4.16). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was − 12.85 D ± 2.74. The results declared a significant improvement in the postoperative Corrected Distance Visual Acuity “CDVA” (P value < 0.01) and SE (P value < 0.01). The efficacy index had a value of 1.18 ± 0.3 and the safety index was 1.09 ± 0.24. The follow-up visits had a mean ± SD of 14.67 months ±16.56 (range of 1 to 54 months). The results showed a refractive stability, with statistically insignificant improvements in the patients’ visual acuity and refractive status on evaluating the enrolled pediatrics during the follow-up visits compared to the first postoperative visits. No postoperative complications were encountered. Worthy of mention is that there was a significant (80%) non-compliance with the prescribed postoperative occlusion therapy.

Conclusions
The present study, with the longest reported follow-up range, declared the long-term efficacy, safety, and stability of Visian ICLs for correcting myopic anisometropic amblyopia in pediatrics. The reported non-compliance with occlusion therapy validates the early implantation of Visian ICLs in cases with failed conventional therapy to guard against anisometropic amblyopia.
Long-term effects of intravitreal bevacizumab and aflibercept on intraocular pressure in wet age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kähkönen Mikael , Tuuminen Raimo , Aaltonen Vesa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the incidence of sustained elevation of intraocular pressure (SE-IOP) associated with intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) bevacizumab and aflibercept in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD).MethodsA retrospective cohort study consisting of 120 eyes from 120 patients with anti-VEGF treatment for wAMD. Three different anti-VEGF groups were considered: i) 71 cases receiving bevacizumab only, ii) 49 cases receiving bevacizumab before switch to aflibercept, iii) 49 cases after switch to aflibercept. 120 uninjected fellow eyes served as controls. SE-IOP was defined as an increase from baseline ≥5 mmHg on 2 consecutive follow-up visits. The incidence of SE-IOP was analysed using exact Poisson tests and survival analysis. The time course of IOP was evaluated with linear mixed effect modelling.ResultsIn total, 6 treated eyes (2.38% incidence per eye-year) and 9 fellow eyes (3.58% incidence per eye-year) developed SE-IOP, and survival analysis showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.43). Furthermore, the incidence of SE-IOP did not differ between the three anti-VEGF groups. Comparing the injected eyes of patients under 70 years to those of patients over 70 years, there was a statistically significant difference in survival without SE-IOP (incidence of 16.7% vs 0.7%, respectively,p < 0.0001).ConclusionIntravitreal anti-VEGF injections were not associated with sustained elevation of IOP. These results do not support the claim that repeated anti-VEGF injections could elevate IOP.
Barriers, facilitators and solutions for active inclusive play for children with a physical disability in the Netherlands: a qualitative study
Authors: van Engelen L. , Ebbers M. , Boonzaaijer M. , Bolster E. A. M. , van der Put E. A. H. , Bloemen M. A. T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Children with physical disabilities (PD) are less physically active than typically developing peers. The most important contributor to physical activity for primary school-aged children is outside play and therefore this should be part of every child’s life. However, children with PD experience multiple barriers to participation in playgrounds. Despite recent improvements in the accessibility of Dutch playgrounds, the participation of children with PD has not increased. This study aims to explore facilitators, barriers and solutions influencing the participation of children with PD in Dutch outdoor playgrounds, from parents’ and professionals’ perspectives.

Methods
Twelve semi-structured interviews with parents of children with PD aged 2–12 years and five focus group meetings with professionals working with these children were conducted. To ensure data saturation, we performed three member-check meetings. Two independent researchers analyzed the data using an inductive thematic approach.

Results
Similar barriers, facilitators and solutions were mentioned by parents and professionals. Three main themes were identified: the emotional barrier versus the physical barrier, play as a part of an inclusive society and the role of professionals in facilitating active inclusive play. The most important personal factors were physical and social problems experienced when children with PD wanted to join outdoor play. Interestingly, parents and professionals believed the social barrier was far more important than the physical one. The most important environmental factor was that the Dutch society is not sufficiently inclusive.

Conclusions
According to both parents and professionals, the most important barrier to active inclusive outdoor play was social, hindering the participation of children with PD in play with typically developing peers. To overcome such problems, professionals should take an active role in empowering children with PD and their parents. Furthermore, it is important to introduce outdoor active play early, so it becomes part of normal daily life. In addition, a change in the mindset of typically developing children and their parents seems essential to achieve true inclusive active play.
A pilot feasibility study of gabapentin for managing pain in children with dystonic cerebral palsy
Authors: Harvey Adrienne , Waugh Mary-Clare , Rice James , Antolovich Giuliana , Copeland Lisa , Orsini Francesca , Scheinberg Adam , McKinnon Clare , Thorley Megan , Baker Felicity , Chalkiadis George , Stewart Kirsty 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Gabapentin is often used to manage pain in children with dystonic cerebral palsy, however the evidence for its effectiveness in this population is limited. The primary objective of this feasibility pilot study was to assess the factors which might impact on a future randomised controlled trial including the ability to recruit and retain participants, assess adherence/compliance to the prescribed intervention, and ability to complete all outcome assessments. The secondary objective was to gather preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of gabapentin at reducing pain, improving comfort and reducing dystonia in children with dystonic cerebral palsy.

Methods
This open label pilot study recruited children aged 5–18 years with dystonic cerebral palsy and accompanying pain affecting daily activities from four centres around Australia. Children were prescribed gabapentin for 12 weeks and were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was feasibility of the protocol. Secondary outcomes were pain behaviour, pain intensity, care and comfort, individualised goal setting and dystonia severity.

Results
Thirteen children (mean age 10.4 years (SD 2.4yrs), 9 females) were recruited from 71 screened over 15 months. Two children withdrew while eight children experienced side effects. There were issues with adherence to medication dosage regimens and data collection. Improvements were seen in pain behaviour, comfort and pain related goals at 12 weeks. Dystonia was not significantly changed.

Conclusions
Whilst gabapentin has potential to improve pain and comfort in children with dystonic CP, the feasibility of implementing a definitive randomised controlled trial is low. Alternative trials designs are required to further examine the effectiveness of gabapentin in this heterogeneous population.

Trial registration
The trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12616000366459) on 22/03/2016 and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (CT-2016-CTN-00500-1) on 22/06/2016.
Measuring job stress in transportation workers: psychometric properties, convergent validity and reliability of the ERI and JCQ among professional drivers
Authors: Useche Sergio A. , Alonso Francisco , Cendales Boris , Montoro Luis , Llamazares Javier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The accumulated evidence has shown how professional drivers are, in psychosocial terms, among the most vulnerable workforces, and how their crashes (some of them preceded by stressful working conditions) constitute both an occupational and public health concern. However, there is a clear lack of validated tools for measuring stress and other key hazardous issues affecting transport workers, and most of the existing ones, frequently generic, do not fully consider the specific features that properly describe the work environment of professional driving. This study assessed the psychometric properties, convergent validity and consistency of two measures used for researching occupational stress among professional drivers: the Siegrist’s ERI (Effort-Reward Imbalance Inventory) and Karasek’s JCQ (Job Content Questionnaire).

Methods
We examined the data collected from 726 Spanish professional drivers. Analyses were performed using Structural Equation Models, thus obtaining basic psychometric properties of both measures and an optimized structure for the instruments, in addition to testing their convergent validity.

Results
The results suggest that the abbreviated versions of ERI (10 items) and JCQ (20 items) have clear dimensional structures, high factorial weights, internal consistency and an improved fit to the task’s dynamics and hazards, commonly faced by of professional drivers; a short set of items with low psychometrical adjustment was excluded, and the root structure of the questionnaires was kept.

Conclusions
This study supports the value and reliability of ERI-10 and JCQ-20 for measuring job stress among professional drivers. Also, there is a high consistency between both measures of stress, even though they belong to different theoretical conceptions of the phenomenon. In practical settings, these instruments can be useful for occupational researchers and practitioners studying stress-related issues from the perspective of human factors.
LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 regulates miR-503/cyclin D1 to promote cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Lu , Tang Lei , Ge Tengfei , Zhu Feng , Liu Dan , Guo Hua , Qian Peng , Xu Ning 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 plays an oncogenic role in glioma, while its role in other cancers is unknown. This study aimed to study the role of DLGAP1-AS2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
Expression of DLGAP1-AS2 in NSCLC and paired non-tumor tissues from 64 NSCLC patients and the prognostic value of DLGAP1-AS2 for NSCLC were analyzed by performing a 5-year follow-up study. The interaction between DLGAP1-AS2 and miR-503 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay, and their relationship was explored in NSCLC cells transfected with DLGAP1-AS2 expression vector or miR-503 mimic. The roles of DLGAP1-AS2 and miR-503 in regulating cyclin D1 expression were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay.

Results
DLGAP1-AS2 was upregulated in NSCLC and predicted poor survival. Interaction between DLGAP1-AS2 and miR-503 was confirmed by dual luciferase activity assay. Overexpression experiments showed that DLGAP1-AS2 and miR-503 overexpression failed to significantly affect the expression of each other. Interestingly, DLGAP1-AS2 overexpression upregulated cyclin D1, a target of miR-503, increased cell proliferation and reduced the effects of miR-503 overexpression on cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation.

Conclusions
DLGAP1-AS2 may regulate miR-503/cyclin D1 to promote cell proliferation in NSCLC.
Paraplegia due to intradural cement leakage after vertebroplasty: a case report and literature review
Authors: Baek In-Hwa , Park Hyung-Youl , Kim Ki-Won , Jang Tae-Yang , Lee Jun-Seok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Vertebroplasty (VP) is considered an alternative therapy in an osteoporotic compression fracture that failed conservative treatment. However, cement leakage into the intradural space can cause catastrophic complications. To the best of our knowledge, intradural cement leakage following VP has been reported only in 7 cases. We report here a case of intradural cement leakage following VP with a literature review.

Case presentation
An 84-year-old female with an L1 osteoporotic fracture underwent percutaneous VP at a local hospital. Immediately after the procedure, she complained of weakness, numbness, and pain in both legs, and her back pain aggravated. She was transferred to our hospital. The initial muscle power was grade 2 for the right leg and grade 4 for the left leg. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed intradural cement leakage from T10 to L2. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradural mass lesion. Although we performed total laminectomy with durotomy and removed intradural cement completely, the neurological deficit did not completely recover. The muscle power was grade 3 for the right leg and grade 4 for the left leg at the last follow-up.

Conlcusions
If a neurological deficit is found after VP, a CT scan should be taken to confirm the pattern of cement leakage. In case of intradural cement leakage, surgical decompression should be recommended to improve neurological deficit. To prevent intradural cement leakage during the VP, the needle tip should not perforate the medial wall of the pedicle with appropriate viscosity of cement.
Does meniscectomy have any advantage over conservative treatment in middle-aged patients with degenerative medial meniscus posterior root tear?
Authors: Lee Nam-Hun , Seo Hyoung-Yeon , Sung Myung-Jin , Na Bo-Ram , Song Eun-Kyoo , Seon Jong-Keun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The best treatment for degenerative medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic meniscectomy and conservative treatment for degenerative MMPRT.

Methods
From January 2007 to December 2014, 146 patients (Meniscectomy group, 90; Conservative group, 56) were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective scoring scale, Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm knee scoring scale at the final follow-up. Radiologic outcomes evaluated the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) classification. We compared the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), medial proximal tibial angle, tibial posterior slope angle, and width of medial joint space. After an average follow-up of 6.3 years, the survivorship was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
All clinical outcomes were significantly improved in both groups after treatment, with no significant differences between the two groups at the final follow-up. The progression of OA according to the K-L classification, HKAA and width of medial joint space was significantly advanced in the meniscectomy group (p = 0.03, 0.04, 0.03, respectively). The 10-year survival rates in the meniscectomy and conservative groups were 87 and 88%, respectively.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that both conservative treatment and meniscectomy provided symptomatic relief. However, it was confirmed that OA progression was more severe in the meniscectomy. We conclude that arthroscopic meniscectomy had no advantage over conservative treatment in terms of clinical outcomes and OA progression in middle-aged patients with MMPRT.

Level of evidence
Level III; retrospective comparative study.
Consistency of 3D femoral torsion measurement from MRI compared to CT gold standard
Authors: Häller Thomas Vincent , Schenk Pascal , Jud Lukas , Hoch Armando , Götschi Tobias , Zingg Patrick Oliver 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Several hip and knee pathologies are associated with aberrant femoral torsion. Diagnostic workup includes computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For three-dimensional (3D) analysis of complex deformities it would be desirable to measure femoral torsion from MRI data to avoid ionizing radiation of CT in a young patient population. 3D measurement of femoral torsion from MRI has not yet been compared to measurements from CT images. We hypothesize that agreement will exist between MRI and CT 3D measurements of femoral torsion.

Methods
CT and MRI data from 29 hips of 15 patients with routine diagnostic workup for suspected femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) were used to generate 3D bone models. 3D measurement of femoral torsion was performed by two independent readers using the method of Kim et al. which is validated for CT. Inter-modalitiy and inter-reader intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated.

Results
Between MRI and CT 3D measurements an ICC of 0.950 (0.898; 0.976) (reader 1) respectively 0.950 (0.897; 0.976) (Reader 2) was found. The ICC (95% CI) expressing the inter-reader reliability for both modalities was 0.945 (0.886; 0.973) for MRI and 0.957 (0.910; 0.979) for CT, respectively. Mean difference between CT and MRI measurement was 0.42° (MRI – CT, SD: 2.77°, p = 0.253).

Conclusions
There was consistency between 3D measurements of femoral torsion between computer rendered MRI images compared to measurements with the “gold standard” of CT images. ICC for inter-modality and inter-reader consistency indicate excellent reliability. Accurate, reliable and reproducible 3D measurement of femoral torsion is possible from MRI images.
Assessment of knee flexor muscles strength in patients with patellar instability and its clinical implications for the non-surgical treatment of patients after first patellar dislocation - pilot study
Authors: Małecki Krzysztof , Fabiś Jarosław , Flont Paweł , Fabiś-Strobin Anna , Niedzielski Kryspin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Biomechanical studies indicate that during outward rotation of the tibia and the valgus knee joint position, the patella is shifted in the lateral direction. After first-time patellar dislocation, the dynamic position of the femur in relation to the tibia plays an important role in joint stability, because the medial stabilizer of the patella (mostly the MPFL) is damaged or inefficient. The most important factor in controlling the rotational movement of the tibia in relation to the thigh are the hamstring muscles. The aim of the study therefore is to determine whether patients with patellar instability have a significant weakness in the knee flexor muscles, which can predispose to recurrent dislocations. This is an important consideration when planning the rehabilitation of patients with first-time patellar dislocation.

Methods
The study enrolled 33 patients with confirmed recurrent patellar dislocation, including six patients with bilateral involvement. In the study group, the hamstring muscles (both sides) were evaluated at velocities of 60 and 180 deg/s for the following parameters: peak torque, torque at 30 degrees of knee flexion, angle of peak torque and peak torque hamstring to quadriceps ratio (H/Q ratio).

Results
In the recurrent patellar dislocation group, a statistically significant weakness in knee flexors was observed for both angular velocities compared to age and gender normative data. No such relationship was observed in the control group of heathy subjects. In patients with one-sided dislocation, no differences were found in knee flexors peak torque, torque at 30 degrees of knee flexion, angle of peak torque or H/Q ratio between the healthy and affected limbs for either angular velocity.

Conclusions
In patients with recurrent patellar dislocation, knee flexors strength is decreased significantly in both the unaffected and affected limbs. This may indicate a constitutional weakening of these muscles which can predispose to recurrent dislocations.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04838158), date of registration; 22/03/2021.
Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with thyroid volume in adolescents
Authors: Xiao Yang , Mao Jingjing , Mao Xiaodong , Wang Qifeng , Li Xingjia , Chen Guofang , Guo Ling , Huang Huaying , Mu Yiming , Xu Shuhang , Liu Chao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
To explore the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its component and thyroid volume in Chinese adolescents, and to compare the detection rate of MetS under the three different diagnostic criteria.

Methods
A total of 1097 school students (610 males and 487 females, ages 12–15 years) were enrolled. All the participants underwent physical examination, biochemical test, and thyroid gland ultrasonography. The thyroid volume of normal, overweight and obese group was compared. We also analyzed the association between the number of MetS components and thyroid volume. Linear and multiple linear regression were applied to explore the association between metabolic parameters and thyroid volume.

Results
The thyroid volume of the males in overweight (t = 3.784, P < 0.001) and obese group (t = 5.068, P < 0.001) was significantly larger than that in normal group; the thyroid volume of the females in overweight group (t = 4.627,P < 0.001) was significantly larger than that of normal group. As the number of MetS components increased, the thyroid volume also increased significantly (F = 10.64, P < 0.01). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), uric acid and triglyceride were all positively associated with thyroid volume in the adolescents (P all < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was a negative association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and thyroid volume (P < 0.001). According to multiple linear regression, waist circumference (β = 0.029, 95 %CI: 0.015 ~ 0.042; P < 0.01) and waist height ratio (β = 3.317, 95 %CI: 1.661 ~ 4.973; P < 0.01) were predict factors of thyroid volume. No statistical difference was found in the detection rates of metabolic syndrome under the three diagnostic criteria.

Conclusions
Overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome was associated with adolescent thyroid volume. Central obesity may be an independent risk factor for thyroid enlargement in adolescents.