bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐fractional patient motion when using the Qfix Encompass immobilization system during HyperArc treatment of patients with brain metastases
Authors: Komiyama Riho , Ohira Shingo , Ueda Hikari , Kanayama Naoyuki , Masaoka Akira , Isono Masaru , Ueda Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Teshima Teruki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the intra‐fractional motion (IM) of patients immobilized using the QFix Encompass Immobilization System during HyperArc (HA) treatment.MethodHA treatment was performed on 89 patients immobilized using the Encompass. The IM during treatment (including megavoltage (MV) registration) was analyzed for six degrees of freedom including three axes of translation (anterior‐posterior, superior‐inferior (SI) and left‐right (LR)) and three axes of rotation (pitch, roll, and yaw). Then, the no corrected IM (IMNC) was retrospectively simulated (excluding MV registration) in three directions (SI, LR, and yaw). Finally, the correlation between the treatment time and the IM of the 3D vector was assessed.ResultsThe average IM in terms of the absolute displacement were 0.3 mm (SI), 0.3 mm (LR) and 0.2° (yaw) for Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and 0.3 mm (SI), 0.2 mm (LR), and 0.2° (yaw) for stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). The absolute maximum values of IM were <1 mm along the SI and LR axes and <1° along the yaw axis. The absolute maximum displacements for IMNC were >1 mm along the SI and LR axes and >1° along the yaw axis. In the correlation between the treatment time and the IM, the r‐values were −0.025 and 0.027 for SRS and SRT respectively, along the axes of translation. For the axes of rotation, the r‐values were 0.012 and 0.206 for SRS and SRT, respectively.ConclusionEncompass provided patient immobilization with adequate accuracy during HA treatment. The absolute maximum displacement IM was less than IMNC along the translational/rotational axes, and no statistically significant relationship between the treatment time and the IM was observed.
Non‐Platinum Group Metal Electrocatalysts toward Efficient Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Zhao Guoqiang , Chen Jian , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeveloping non‐platinum group metal (non‐PGM) electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) represents the efforts towards the more economical use of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen energy, which has attracted tremendous attention recently. However, non‐PGM electrocatalysts for the HOR are still in their early development stages as compared with the significant advances in those for the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, this paper summarizes the recent progresses and highlights the key challenges for the rational design of non‐PGM electrocatalysts, aiming to promote the development of non‐PGM HOR electrocatalysts. Fundamental understandings of the HOR mechanism are firstly reviewed, where theoretical interpretations on the low HOR kinetics in alkaline media, including the hydrogen binding energy theory, the bifunctional mechanism, and the water molecule reorganization, are particularly discussed. Subsequently, progresses of typical non‐PGM HOR electrocatalysts in acid and alkaline media are summarized separately. For the HOR under alkaline conditions, the superiorities and challenges of Ni‐based catalysts are discussed with a particular focus as they are the most promising non‐PGM electrocatalysts. Finally, this paper highlights the challenges and provide perspectives on the future development directions of non‐PGM HOR electrocatalysts.
Self‐Recoverable Mechanically Induced Instant Luminescence from Cr3+‐Doped LiGa5O8
Authors: Xiong Puxian , Huang Bolong , Peng Dengfeng , Viana Bruno , Peng Mingying , Ma Zhijun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrently, most of the mechanoluminescence (ML) phosphors strongly depend on postirradiation stimulation using ultraviolet light (denoted as “UV exposure” from hereon) to show the ML. However, only a few transition metal cations are proven to be effective luminescence centers, which hinder the development of more ML phosphors. This study reports a self‐recoverable deep‐red‐to‐near‐infrared ML using Cr3+‐doped LiGa5O8 phosphor with fully recoverable ML performance. The ML performance can be further optimized by tuning the trap redistributions by codoping the phosphor with Al3+ and Cr3+ cations. Theoretical calculations reveal the important role of Cr dopants in the modulation of local electronic environments for achieving the ML. Owing to the induced interelectronic levels and shallow electron trap distributions, the electron recombination efficiency is enhanced both through direct tunneling and energy transfer toward the dopant levels. Moreover, the ML of Cr3+‐doped LiGa5O8 can penetrate a 2‐mm‐thick pork slice, showing that it can have wide‐ranging in vivo applications, including the optical imaging of intracorporal stress/strain distribution and dynamics. Therefore, this work fabricates a novel ML material with self‐recoverable luminescence in an extended wavelength range, increasing the number of potential ML candidates and promoting the fundamental understanding and practical applications of ML materials.
High‐Gain Chemically Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Tan Siew Ting Melissa , Giovannitti Alexander , Melianas Armantas , Moser Maximilian , Cotts Benjamin L. , Singh Devan , McCulloch Iain , Salleo Alberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have exhibited promising performance as transducers and amplifiers of low potentials due to their exceptional transconductance, enabled by the volumetric charging of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs) employed as the channel material. OECT performance in aqueous electrolytes as well as the OMIECs’ redox activity has spurred a myriad of studies employing OECTs as chemical transducers. However, the OECT's large (potentiometrically derived) transconductance is not fully leveraged in common approaches that directly conduct chemical reactions amperometrically within the OECT electrolyte with direct charge transfer between the analyte and the OMIEC, which results in sub‐unity transduction of gate to drain current. Hence, amperometric OECTs do not truly display current gains in the traditional sense, falling short of the expected transistor performance. This study demonstrates an alternative device architecture that separates chemical transduction and amplification processes on two different electrochemical cells. This approach fully utilizes the OECT's large transconductance to achieve current gains of 103 and current modulations of four orders of magnitude. This transduction mechanism represents a general approach enabling high‐gain chemical OECT transducers.
Injectable Self‐Healing Hydrogel Wound Dressing with Cysteine‐Specific On‐Demand Dissolution Property Based on Tandem Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Ding Xiaoya , Li Gao , Zhang Peng , Jin E. , Xiao Chunsheng , Chen Xuesi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRapid gelation and on‐demand dissolution are key characteristics governing the effectiveness of clinic hydrogel wound dressings. Here, an injectable self‐healing hydrogel with rapid gelation and cysteine‐specific on‐demand dissolution is designed to be used as wound dressings. The hydrogel is prepared based on the formation of tandem dynamic covalent bonds comprised of CC double bonds produced through the catalysis‐free Knoevenagel condensation reaction and boronate ester linkages. The prepared hydrogel displays excellent injectability and self‐healing ability, showing rapid cysteine‐triggered on‐demand dissolution owing to the formation of the thiazolidino boronate complex. When used as dressings for healing full‐thickness wounds, the hydrogel shows favorable biocompatibility, achieves rapid wound closure in seconds, and fast on‐demand dissolution for dressing changes. These data highlight the utility of the designed tandem dynamic covalent bonds‐based hydrogel dressings for promising wound healing applications.
High‐Resolution Patterned Functionalization of Slippery “Liquid‐Like” Brush Surfaces via Microdroplet‐Confined Growth of Multifunctional Polydopamine Arrays
Authors: Fang Lvye , Zhang Jinghua , Chen Yuxin , Liu Shilin , Chen Qiyuan , Ke Ao , Duan Liting , Huang Shilin , Tian Xuelin , Xie Zhuang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSlippery omniphobic covalently attached liquids enable smooth, transparent, pressure‐ and temperature‐resistant, and liquid‐repellent coatings. Patterned functionalization of such surfaces would drive technology developments and fundamental understandings in broad applications from biosensors to sustainable smart surfaces. Herein an additive microcontact printing approach in combination with the microdroplet‐confined synthesis is developed to functionalize slippery surfaces tethered with “liquid‐like” linear poly(dimethylsiloxane) by multifunctional polydopamine (PDA) arrays. Using glycerol and non‐ionic surfactant Tween‐20, microdroplet arrays containing dopamine monomers are printed onto the slippery surfaces and serve as microreactors for the in situ growth of PDA micropatterns. The confined growth approach enables tunable feature size, height, and morphology of the patterns, through which sub‐micrometer PDA dot arrays over centimeter‐square patterning area can be reliably achieved. Furthermore, the reactive and hydrophilic PDA micropatches allow further functionalization of the slippery surfaces with a diverse variety of materials, meanwhile the anti‐fouling and dynamically dewetting “liquid‐like” brushes permit minimum background contamination. Proof‐of‐concept demonstrations include PDA‐initiated photografting for stimuli‐responsive polymer functionalization, protein immobilization for microarray‐based immunoassays, as well as sliding‐induced selective dewetting of organic solutions to pattern photoluminescent perovskite microcrystals and nanoparticles. The current approach illustrates the potential for applying patterned slippery surfaces with multifunctional architectures in many fields.
Harnessing Ionic Power from Equilibrium Electrolyte Solution via Photoinduced Active Ion Transport through van‐der‐Waals‐Like Heterostructures
Authors: Jia Pan , Wang Lili , Zhang Yuhui , Yang Yating , Jin Xiaoyan , Zhou Min , Quan Di , Jia Meijuan , Cao Liuxuan , Long Run , Jiang Lei , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanofluidic ion transport through van der Waals heterostructures, composed of two or more types of reconstructed 2D nanomaterials, gives rise to fascinating opportunities for light‐energy harvesting, due to coupling between the optoelectronic properties of the layered constituents and ion transport in between the atomic layers. Here, a photoinduced active ion transport phenomenon through transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)‐based van‐der‐Waals‐like multilayer heterostructures is reported for harnessing ionic power from equilibrium electrolyte solution. The binary heterostructure comprises sequentially stacked 2D‐WS2 and 2D‐MoS2 multilayers with sub‐1 nm interlayer spacing. Upon visible‐light illumination, a net ionic flow is initiated through the Janus membrane, suggesting a directional cationic transport from WS2 to MoS2 part. The transport mechanism is explained in terms of a photovoltaic effect due to type II band alignment of WS2/MoS2 heterostructures. The driving mechanism can be generally applied to a variety of heterogeneous TMD membranes with type II semiconductor heterojunctions. In equilibrium ionic solutions, the maximum ionic photoresponse approaches ≈21 µA cm–2 and ≈45 mV under one sun equivalent excitation. Under optimized conditions, the harvested power density reaches 2 mW m–2. The proof‐of‐concept demonstration of photonic‐to‐ionic power generation within angstrom‐scale confinement anticipates potential for light‐controlled ionic circuits, artificial photosynthesis, and biomimetic energy conversion.
Lithium Metal Electrode with Increased Air Stability and Robust Solid Electrolyte Interphase Realized by Silane Coupling Agent Modification
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Wang Zhijie , Zhao Liang , Fan Qining , Zeng Xiaohui , Liu Sailin , Pang Wei Kong , He Yan‐Bing , Guo Zaiping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe quality of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is the decisive factor for the electrochemical performance of Li‐metal‐based batteries. Due to the absence of effective bonding, a natural SEI layer may exfoliate from the Li anode during interfacial fluctuations. Here, a silane coupling agent is introduced to serve as an adhesion promoter to bridge these two dissimilar materials via both chemical bonding and physical intertwining effects. Its inorganic reactive groups can combine with the Li substrate by forming LiOSi bonds, while organic functional groups can take part in the formation of the SEI layer and thereby bond with SEI components. Li metal electrodes with silane coupling agent modification exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, even under extreme testing conditions. This modification layer with dense structure could also protect the Li metal from corrosion by air, evidenced by the comparable electrochemical activity of the modified Li metal electrodes even after being exposed in air for 2 h. This design provides a promising pathway for the development of Li metal electrodes that will be stable both in electrolyte and in air.
A Strategic Review on Gallium Oxide Based Deep‐Ultraviolet Photodetectors: Recent Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the use of UV‐C radiation sterilizers on the rise in the wake of the recent pandemic, it has become imperative to have health safety systems in place to curb the ill‐effects on humans. This requires detection systems with suitable spectral response to the “invisible to the naked eye” radiation leaks with utmost sensitivity and swiftness. State of the art deep‐UV photodetectors based on the wide bandgap material gallium oxide have achieved responsivities up to few hundred A W−1 while the minimum response time achieved is few hundred nanoseconds. However, due to the trade‐off between these two key parameters, the ultimate performance of the photodetectors remains inadequate. The focus here is to give a thorough review of the gallium oxide based photodetectors, their recent progress and future prospects. This review highlights the fundamental physics and the key parameters such as dark current, responsivity, and response time with their dependence on the material properties. Exploration of the reasons behind current scenario in the field of gallium oxide is comprehensively and critically analyzed. The key challenges which limit device performance and inhibit the realization of real‐world practical detectors are also described. The lacunae currently plaguing the field is also discussed with possible remedial solutions.
Transcriptome analysis of cadmium‐treated Brassica varieties reveals different expression pattern
Authors: Chen Lunlin , Wan Heping , Li Shuyu , ding Ge , xiong Jie , Huang Yang , Song Laiqiang , Fu Tingdong , Shen Jinxiong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCadmium, as a heavy metal, has toxic effects to plant and animals. Some vegetables and oilseed crops might be a cadmium hyperaccumulator while the molecular mechanism behind plant response to cadmium stress is still unclear. In the current study, we sequenced three mRNA libraries from Brassica campestris, B. oleracea, and newtype oilseed rape (B. napus L.) roots responsed to cadmium stress to identify the different express pattern during these varieties. In total, 1,426 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the Brassica varieties response to cadmium stress. The 109 candidate genes were related to cadmium annotated in Arabidopsis, 67 from newtype oilseed rape, 33 from B. campestris, and 29 from B. oleracea. Various DEGs related to ion transport pathway were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms. Our results also indicated that metabolism genes related to auxin‐affected cadmium accumulation in Brassica roots. Combined with the candidate gene detected by GWAS, several genes were identified and shown to be involved in plant response to cadmium. Our results will provide the basis for the molecular mechanism of Brassica varieties response to cadmium in roots.
CVN‐AD Alzheimer's mice show premature reduction in neurovascular coupling in response to spreading depression and anoxia compared to aged controls
Authors: Turner Dennis A. , Degan Simone , Hoffmann Ulrike , Galeffi Francesca , Colton Carol A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe compared the efficacy of neurovascular coupling and substrate supply in cerebral cortex during severe metabolic challenges in transgenic Alzheimer's [CVN‐AD] and control [C57Bl/6] mice, to evaluate the hypothesis that metabolic insufficiency is a critical component of degeneration leading to dementia. We analyzed cerebral blood flow and metabolic responses to spreading depression (induced by K+ applied to the cortex) and anoxia across aging in CVN‐AD + C57Bl/6 genotypes. In the CVN‐AD genotype progression to histological and cognitive hallmarks of dementia is a stereotyped function of age. We correlated physiology and imaging of the cortex with the blood flow responses measured with laser doppler probes. The results show that spreading depression resulted in a hyperemic blood flow response that was dramatically reduced (24% in amplitude, 70% in area) in both middle‐aged and aged CVN‐AD mice compared to C57Bl/6 age‐matched controls. However, spreading depression amplitude and conduction velocity (≈6 mm/min) did not differ among groups. Anoxia (100% N2) showed significantly decreased (by 62%) reactive blood flow and autoregulation in aged AD‐CVN mice compared to aged control animals. Significantly reduced neurovascular coupling occurred prematurely with aging in CVN‐AD mice. Abbreviated physiological hyperemia and decreased resilience to anoxia may enhance early‐onset metabolic deficiency through decreased substrate supply to the brain. Metabolic deficiency may contribute significantly to the degeneration associated with dementia as a function of aging and regions of the brain involved.
Investigating the association between cancer and the risk of dementia: Results from the Memento cohort
Authors: Chamberlain Jonviea D. , Rouanet Anaïs , Dubois Bruno , Pasquier Florence , Hanon Olivier , Gabelle Audrey , Ceccaldi Mathieu , Krolak‐Salmon Pierre , Béjot Yannick , Godefroy Olivier , Wallon David , Gentric Armelle , Chêne Geneviève , Dufouil Carole ,   Memento Study group
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudies on the association of cancer and risk of dementia are inconclusive due to result heterogeneity and concerns of survivor bias and unmeasured confounding.MethodsThis study uses data from the Memento cohort, a French multicenter cohort following persons with either mild or isolated cognitive complaints for a median of 5 years. Illness‐death models (IDMs) were used to estimate transition‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident cancer in relation to dementia from time since study entry.ResultsThe analytical sample (N = 2258) excluded 65 individuals without follow‐up information. At the end of follow‐up, 286 individuals were diagnosed with dementia, 166 with incident cancer, and 95 died. Incident cancer was associated with a reduced risk of dementia (HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35‐0.97), with a corresponding E‐value of 2.84 (lower CI = 1.21).DiscussionThis study supports a protective relationship between incident cancer and dementia, encouraging further investigations to understand potential underlying mechanisms.
Die Hauptprotease von SARS‐CoV‐2 als Zielstruktur: Von der Etablierung eines Hochdurchsatz‐Screenings zum Design maßgeschneiderter Inhibitoren
Authors: Breidenbach Julian , Lemke Carina , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Schäkel Laura , Al Hamwi Ghazl , Diett Miriam , Gedschold Robin , Geiger Nina , Lopez Vittoria , Mirza Salahuddin , Namasivayam Vigneshwaran , Schiedel Anke C. , Sylvester Katharina , Thimm Dominik , Vielmuth Christin , Phuong Vu Lan , Zyulina Maria , Bodem Jochen , Gütschow Michael , Müller Christa E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDie Hauptprotease von SARS‐CoV‐2 (Mpro), dem Auslöser von COVID‐19, ist ein wichtiges Arzneistoff‐Target. Ein neues fluorogenes Substrat, das kinetisch mit einem intern gequenchten fluoreszierenden Peptid verglichen wurde, erwies sich als ideal geeignet für ein Hochdurchsatz‐Screening mit rekombinant exprimierter Mpro. Zwei Klassen von Protease‐Inhibitoren, Azanitrile und Pyridylester, wurden identifiziert, optimiert und biochemisch charakterisiert. Maßgeschneiderte Peptide mit einer reaktiven Azanitril‐Kopfgruppe zeigten eine duale Inhibition von Mpro und Cathepsin L, einer Protease, welche die virale Zellinvasion befördert. Zur Optimierung der Pyridylindolester wurde ein Positions‐Scanning durchgeführt. Unser fokussierter Ansatz zur Entwicklung von Mpro‐Inhibitoren erwies sich dem virtuellen Screening als überlegen. Mit den beiden irreversiblen Inhibitoren Azanitril 8 (kinac/Ki=37 500 m−1 s−1, Ki=24.0 nm) und Pyridylester 17 (kinac/Ki=29 100 m−1 s−1, Ki=10.0 nm) wurden vielversprechende Kandidaten für die zukünftige Arzneistoffentwicklung entdeckt.
Ultra‐Large Sized Siloxene Nanosheets as Bifunctional Photocatalyst for a Li‐O2 Battery with Superior Round‐Trip Efficiency and Extra‐Long Durability
Authors: Jia Congying , Zhang Feng , She Liaona , Li Qi , He Xuexia , Sun Jie , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zong‐Huai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeveloping new optimized bifunctional photocatalyst is of great significant for achieving the high‐performance photo‐assisted Li‐O2 batteries. Herein, a novel bifunctional photo‐assisted Li‐O2 system is constructed by using siloxene nanosheets with ultra‐large size and few‐layers due to its superior light harvesting, semiconductor characteristic, and low recombination rate. An ultra‐low charge potential of 1.90 V and ultra‐high discharge of 3.51 V have been obtained due to the introduction of this bifunctional photocatalyst into Li‐O2 batteries, and these results have realized the round‐trip efficiency up to 185 %. In addition, this photo‐assisted Li‐O2 batteries exhibits a high rate (129 % round‐trip efficiency at 1 mA cm−2), a prolonged cycling life with 92 % efficiency retention after 100 cycles, and the highly reversible capacity of 1170 mAh g−1 at 0.75 mA cm−2. This work will open the vigorous opportunity for high‐efficiency utilization of solar energy into electric system.
Targeting the Main Protease of SARS‐CoV‐2: From the Establishment of High Throughput Screening to the Design of Tailored Inhibitors
Authors: Breidenbach Julian , Lemke Carina , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Schäkel Laura , Al Hamwi Ghazl , Diett Miriam , Gedschold Robin , Geiger Nina , Lopez Vittoria , Mirza Salahuddin , Namasivayam Vigneshwaran , Schiedel Anke C. , Sylvester Katharina , Thimm Dominik , Vielmuth Christin , Phuong Vu Lan , Zyulina Maria , Bodem Jochen , Gütschow Michael , Müller Christa E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main protease of SARS‐CoV‐2 (Mpro), the causative agent of COVID‐19, constitutes a significant drug target. A new fluorogenic substrate was kinetically compared to an internally quenched fluorescent peptide and shown to be ideally suitable for high throughput screening with recombinantly expressed Mpro. Two classes of protease inhibitors, azanitriles and pyridyl esters, were identified, optimized and subjected to in‐depth biochemical characterization. Tailored peptides equipped with the unique azanitrile warhead exhibited concomitant inhibition of Mpro and cathepsin L, a protease relevant for viral cell entry. Pyridyl indole esters were analyzed by a positional scanning. Our focused approach towards Mpro inhibitors proved to be superior to virtual screening. With two irreversible inhibitors, azanitrile 8 (kinac/Ki=37 500 m−1 s−1, Ki=24.0 nm) and pyridyl ester 17 (kinac/Ki=29 100 m−1 s−1, Ki=10.0 nm), promising drug candidates for further development have been discovered.