bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of decontamination protocols on the aesthetic, morphological, and material composition of preformed paediatric crowns
Authors: Hogerheyde Thomas , Walsh Laurence J. , Zafar Sobia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreformed crowns (PCs) are exposed to potentially infectious bodily fluids during the trial fit; however, whether they can be safely re‐used remains uncertain. This study determined the effects of decontamination methods on various PCs. The key criteria examined were aesthetic, morphological, and elemental characteristics.DesignThis is a laboratory‐based experimental study. Stainless steel, pre‐veneered stainless steel, and zirconia PCs underwent either: (a) ultrasonic cleaning with EmPower®followed by steam sterilisation, (b) thermal disinfection in an instrument washer with Asepti®Neutraliser/Asepti®followed by steam sterilisation, or (c) immersion in an ortho‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) instrument‐level disinfectant. The methods were performed for 1, 5, or 10 cycles, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); red, green, and blue (RGB) value; and luminosity value were tracked (using a histogram of individual colour reference chips in Adobe Photoshop®) to assess colour changes, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy to characterise the material composition.ResultsPre‐veneered stainless steel crowns showed isolated zones of darkening with loss of luminosity and variations in green and blue values after ultrasonic or thermal washer disinfection combined with steam autoclaving at 5 and 10 cycles. No changes occurred with OPA. Both SEM imaging and EDX analysis identified no changes to crown materials from any of the three reprocessing methods.ConclusionsReprocessing protocols need to reflect the differing responses of various types of PCs. Repeated steam sterilisation causes slight aesthetic alterations by way of colour instability and loss of luminosity to pre‐veneered stainless steel crowns, but no issues with stainless steel or zirconia PCs.
Analysis of YouTube videos related to a child’s first dental visit
Authors: Alraqiq Hosam M. , Kim Joehyun , Edelstein Burton L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs parents increasingly turn to online videos for paediatric dental information, it is important to assess the content of those videos and determine whether parents are receiving accurate information.AimTo describe and assess the video characteristics, viewer engagement, and content of the most‐viewed YouTube videos about a child's first dental visit.DesignThe 100 most popular YouTube videos related to a child's first dental visit were assessed for consistency with current professional guidelines, which included a first visit by age 1, tooth cleaning or prophylaxis, fluoride application, caries risk assessment, dietary counseling, oral hygiene instruction, frequency of dental visits, and anticipatory guidance. Differences in video characteristics (length, age, and viewer engagement) were assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the post hoc Mann–Whitney U test, and differences in content and characteristics by video upload source (healthcare professionals, parents/caregivers, and independent media outlets) were examined using the chi‐square test and the Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe predominant upload source was parents/caregivers (40%) followed by independent media outlets (32%) and healthcare professionals (28%). Median video length was 2 min, 24 s (IQR = 2:05–3:49), and median video age was 4 years (IQR = 3–4 years). Most videos were filmed in a paediatric dental office (73%) and focused on motivational vs. educational content (77% vs. 23%, respectively). With regard to viewer engagement, videos uploaded by media outlets generated higher viewing rates than those uploaded by parents/caregivers (mean rank [MR] = 44.7 vs. 24.8, respectively) and healthcare professionals (MR = 34.8 vs. 31.5) and higher interaction rates than those uploaded by parents/caregivers (MR = 50.8 vs. 25.0) and healthcare professionals (MR = 39.1 vs. 20.6). Videos uploaded by healthcare professionals were more likely to provide educational content consistent with professional recommendations, particularly regarding caries risk assessment (32.1%), dietary counseling (21.4%), and frequency of dental visits (10.7%), than videos uploaded by parents/caregivers (5.0%, 5.0%, and 0%, respectively) and media outlets (0%, 3.1%, and 0%, respectively).ConclusionsThis study found that the most popular videos related to a child’ first dental visit, as measured by viewer engagement, were uploaded by parents or caregivers, were longer and newer, and featured motivational rather than educational content. The 100 most‐viewed videos rarely presented information that was consistent with professional recommendations for children's oral health, particularly regarding caries risk assessment and anticipatory guidance.
Dental caries and associated risk factors in 13‐ to 18‐month‐old infants receiving breast or formula milk feeding: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Suparattanapong Pattiya , Chankanka Oitip , Matangkasombut Oranart , Govitvattana Nattanan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association between breast milk feeding and dental caries risk in children remains controversial. Moreover, it is unclear whether risk factors for caries differ between breast milk‐fed and formula milk‐fed infants.AimTo investigate dental caries in 13‐ to 18‐month‐old infants receiving breast milk or formula milk feeding and associated risk factors.DesignOne hundred and sixty‐six 13‐ to 18‐month‐old infants were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Information on feeding practices, demographics, and potential risk factors was collected using a caregiver questionnaire. Carious lesions were identified by visual and tactile examination. The Chi‐squared test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of caries in breast milk‐ and formula milk‐fed infants was 31.8% and 36.0%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p = .579). Among all children, having dental plaque deposition on more than one third of the crown (adjusted OR (aOR): 15.11%; 95% CI: 6.11–37.35) and sleeping while milk feeding (aOR: 2.20%; 95%CI: 1.01–4.77) were associated with dental caries. In subgroup analysis, however, sleeping while milk feeding increased caries risk in the formula milk‐fed group only (aOR: 2.95%; 95%CI: 1.07–8.12).ConclusionsThe type of milk feeding was not associated with dental caries, whereas dental plaque and sleeping while milk feeding increased the odds of having dental caries in this population.
Silica‐scaled heterotrophic protists Rotosphaerida, Thaumatomonadida, and Centroplasthelida in the large continuous ecosystem connecting Lake Baikal to the Kara Sea
Authors: Bessudova Anna Yu. , Firsova Alena D. , Likhoshway Yelena V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeterotrophic protists Rotosphaerida, Thaumatomonadida, and centrohelid heliozoans are among the less studied silicified protists in terms of their biogeography and ecology. These organisms inhabit fresh and brackish water, and leave behind siliceous structural elements after death that are species‐specific and amenable to electron microscopic analysis. This paper is the first to present data on species richness and taxonomic structure of silica‐scaled heterotrophic protists—rotosphaerids, colorless free‐living thaumatomonad flagellates and centrohelid heliozoans—in the large continuous water system of Siberia connecting Lake Baikal to the Kara Sea. In the study area, electron microscopy revealed 21 centrohelid heliozoan species from the generaRaphidiophrys(1),Acanthocystis(7),Choanocystis(3),Raineriophrys(2),Raphidocystis(6), andPterocystis(2), seven rotosphaerid species from the generaPinaciophora(3),Turriplaca(2),Rabdiophrys(1), andPompholyxophrys(1), and one thaumatomonad flagellate speciesThaumatomastix. Two species of rotosphaerids,Rabdiophryscf.anuliferaandPinaciophora tridentata, and two species of centrohelid heliozoans,Acanthocystiscf.tubata, andA. cf.cornuta, were found in the waters of Russia for the first time. The most widespread species in fresh water from Lake Baikal to the Lower Yenissei River werePinaciophora fluviatilisandRaineriophryscf.fortesca. These species disappeared from the protist assemblages of the Yenissei gulf of the Kara Sea due to higher salinity, with only three species,Acanthocystiscf.mylnikovi(at 3.12‰ salinity) andA. pectinataandRaphidocystissp. 2 (at 8‰ salinity), found in the area. The sensitivity of silica‐scaled heterotrophic protists to changes in habitat parameters suggests that these microeukaryotes could be new indicator organisms.
Tapas de sílice – a smörgåsbord of reactive mineralogies and textures
Authors: Herzog Bromerchenkel Lucas , Chernoloz Oleksiy , Zhao Pengfei , Ossetchkina Ekaterina , Peterson Karl 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA source of sand is proposed as an educational tool to aid in the identification of silica mineralogies and textures susceptible to alkali–silica reaction. This particular silica sand originates in the southern portion of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, and exhibits a wide variety of lithologies, A thin section produced from a cross‐section through a mortar bar subjected to ATSM C1260 Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar–Bar Method) exhibits plentiful examples of reactive silica.
Culture and Health: Recent Developments and Future Directions1
Authors: Miyamoto Yuri , Ryff Carol D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvidence of cultural differences in relationships and emotions has accumulated over the past few decades. As findings on cultural differences in psychological processes have increased, there has been growing interest in investigating whether they have implications for other phenomena, such as health. Using scientific advances from the MIDUS and MIDJA studies, both publicly available, we examine links between culture and health. First, there is a brief review of the accumulated evidence on cultural influences on health correlates concerning psychosocial factors. We then feature two recent developments: a more micro‐level perspective regarding biological factors that may be involved in the culture and health linkage, and a more macro‐level view of socioeconomic inequality, which also concerns health. Both perspectives inform the pathways through which health effects become manifest. Finally, we conclude our review by highlighting the changing historical contexts within which these cross‐cultural investigations occur. Specifically, we draw attention to the widening of economic inequality across cultures and the world‐wide COVID‐19 pandemic. These instances bring notable implications for future research on health across cultural contexts.
Sequential changes in urinary biomarker levels in patients with cirrhosis and severe hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Solé Cristina , Ma Ann T. , Solà Elsa , Carol Marta , Fabrellas Núria , Juanola Adrià , Napoleone Laura , Gratacós‐Ginès Jordi , Bassegoda Octavi , Cervera Marta , Pérez Martina , Rubio Ana Belén , Avitabile Emma , Morales‐Ruiz Manuel , Graupera Isabel , Pose Elisa , Kamath Patrick S. , Ginès Pere 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhether tubular injury develops in patients with acute kidney injury owing to hepatorenal syndrome (AKI‐HRS) is controversial. We performed repeated measurements of biomarkers of tubular injury during a 14‐day period in 60 patients with cirrhosis and AKI (34 with AKI‐HRS meeting the classical definition of type 1 HRS and 26 with AKI owing to acute tubular necrosis, AKI‐ATN). Nineteen of 34 patients had resolution of AKI‐HRS, while the remainder had persistent AKI‐HRS. The persistence of AKI‐HRS was associated with remarkably high short‐term mortality. There were no significant differences in urinary NGAL or IL‐18 between patients with resolution vs those with persistent AKI‐HRS throughout the 14‐day period. By contrast, biomarker levels were significantly lower in AKI‐HRS, even if persistent, compared to AKI‐ATN. These findings are highly suggestive of lack of significant tubular injury in AKI‐HRS and could be of value in the clinical decision between combined liver–kidney or liver transplantation alone in patients with cirrhosis and AKI candidates to transplantation.
Overexpression approaches to advance understanding of Candida albicans
Authors: Rai Laxmi Shanker , van Wijlick Lasse , Chauvel Murielle , d’Enfert Christophe , Legrand Mélanie , Bachellier‐Bassi Sophie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCandida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is responsible for infections linked to high mortality. Loss‐of‐function approaches, taking advantage of gene knockouts or inducible down‐regulation, have been successfully used in this species in order to understand gene function. However, overexpression of a gene provides an alternative, powerful tool to elucidate gene function and identify novel phenotypes. Notably, overexpression can identify pathway components that might remain undetected using loss‐of‐function approaches. Several repressible or inducible promoters have been developed which allow to shut off or turn on the expression of a gene in C. albicans upon growth in the presence of a repressor or inducer. In this review, we summarize recent overexpression approaches used to study different aspects of C. albicans biology, including morphogenesis, biofilm formation, drug tolerance, and commensalism.
Experiences and perceptions of people living with schizophrenia in Japan: A qualitative study
Authors: Nagata Kyoko , Kitaoka Kazuyo , Kawamura Midori 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis descriptive study used a qualitative inductive approach to investigate the subjective experiences and perceptions of people with schizophrenia living in the community during times of difficulty and how they coped. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with nine community‐dwelling people with schizophrenia and used the KJ method developed by Kawakita Jiro to structure the data obtained. We identified 10 symbols with his method: bewilderment at the onset; helplessness and longing for death; solitude linked to death; precarious daily life; relationships at risk; fear of being stigmatized; pillars of emotional support; will to overcome; hope to never give up; and living with the illness. The results suggest that community mental health nurses should provide support so their patients can continue to have pillars of emotional support and the will to overcome difficulties, as well as continue to use their coping methods, even when experiencing many difficulties. It is important that nurses understand and share in their patients' difficult experiences and hopes when providing support toward their recovery.
Problematic personalities in teams: Implications for performance trajectories and resilience to unexpected change
Authors: Dierdorff Erich C. , Fisher David M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the well‐established importance of team composition, there has been relatively little research that focuses on compositions regarding problematic personality traits. This study examines the impact of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism—all operationalized as team composition variables—on team cooperation and performance over time. This was done in a sample of 43 graduate student teams (n = 269) engaged in an immersive business simulation that unfolded over a 6‐week duration. In addition, the parameters of the simulation task were altered midway through the simulation without forewarning, in turn creating a shock event that allowed for an examination of whether team composition for negative personality had similar effects under conditions of business‐as‐usual versus a disruptive change. Results indicated that both team average Machiavellianism and sadism had deleterious effects on team cooperation and performance over time, while controlling for two closely associated positive personality traits (honesty‐humility and agreeableness). These damaging effects were further revealed to especially detract from performance trajectories after teams experienced a disruptive event. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of including problematic personality traits in considerations pertaining to team composition.
Creating abstract objects
Authors: Friedell David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBeach's Gaelic Symphony is plausibly an abstract object that Beach created. The view that people create some abstract objects is called abstract creationism. There are abstract creationists about many kinds of objects, including musical works, fictional characters, arguments, words, internet memes, installation artworks, bitcoins, and restaurants. Alternative theories include materialism and Platonism. This paper discusses some of the most serious objections against abstract creationism. Arguably, these objections have ramifications for questions in metaphysics pertaining to the abstract/concrete distinction, time, causation, vague existence, vague identity, and inadvertent creation.
Effects of nitrogen supply rate on photosynthesis, nitrogen uptake and growth of seedlings in aEucalyptus/Dalbergia odoriferaintercropping system
Authors: Yao X. , Lan Y. , Liao L. , Huang Y. , Yu S. , Ye S. , Yang M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe introduction of N2‐fixing species into aEucalyptusplantation resulted in a successful planting system. It is essential to understand the contribution of nitrogen (N) competition and photosynthetic efficiency to plant dry matter yield to shed more light on the growth mechanism of theEucalyptus/legume system.We compared N competition, photosynthesis and dry matter yield ofEucalyptus urophylla × E.grandisand the N2‐fixing tree speciesDalbergia odoriferain intercropping and monoculture systems under different N levels.The photosynthesis ofE. urophylla×E. grandiswas improved, while that ofD. odoriferawas inhibited in the intercropping system. IntercroppedE. urophylla×E. grandisincreased the N utilization and the dry matter yield by 6.57–48.46% and 7.59–97.26%, and decreased those ofD. odoriferaby 10.21–30.33% and 0.48–13.19%, respectively. Furthermore, N application enhanced the competitive ability ofE. urophylla×E. grandisrelative to D. odorifera and changed the N contents and chlorophyll synthesis to optimize the photosynthetic structure of both species.Our results revealEucalyptusfor photosynthesis, N absorption and increasing the growth benefit from the introduction of N2‐fixing species, which hence can be considered to be an effective sustainable management option ofEucalyptusplantations.
Engineering the expansion of higher education: High skills, advanced manufacturing, and the knowledge economy
Authors: Durazzi Niccolo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe article develops a framework to explain an empirical observation that runs counter received wisdom in comparative political economy, namely the co‐existence of large higher education systems and thriving manufacturing sectors in advanced capitalist countries. Introducing the concept ofskill breadth, the article hypothesizes that: (i) advanced manufacturing firms have narrow skill needs concentrated around STEM skills; (ii) these skills are likely to be under‐supplied by the higher education system unless dedicated public policies are put in place; and (iii) governments intervene in higher education policy to ensure the availability of those skills that are crucial for firms located in key sectors of national knowledge economies. Cross‐country survey data of employer preferences for higher education graduates and case studies of recent higher education policy change in Germany and South Korea provide strong support for the argument. The article advances our overall understanding of skill formation systems in the knowledge economy and testifies to the persistent presence of policy levers that governments can employ to manage the economy and to support domestic firms.
Associations of fitness and physical activity with specific abdominal fat depots in children with overweight/obesity
Authors: Medrano María , Cadenas‐Sánchez Cristina , Oses Maddi , Villanueva Arantxa , Cabeza Rafael , Idoate Fernando , Sanz Aritz , Rodríguez‐Vigil Beatriz , Ortega Francisco B. , Ruiz Jonathan R. , Labayen Idoia 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with specific abdominal fat depots and their potential implications for cardiometabolic risk and insulin resistance (IR) in children with overweight/obesity.Materials and MethodsA total of 116 children with overweight/obesity (10.7 ± 1.1 year, 54% girls) participated in the study. Abdominal visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (ASAT), and intermuscular abdominal adipose tissue (IMAAT) were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The cardiometabolic risk (MetS) score and the insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR) were calculated. Health‐related physical fitness components (treadmill test, and 20 m shuttle run, handgrip, standing broad jump and 4 × 10 m tests) were evaluated, and PA was measured (accelerometry). Children were categorized as fit or unfit for each specific fitness test, and as active or inactive.ResultsHigher VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT were associated with higher MetS score and HOMA‐IR (allp < 0.02). A better performance in all fitness tests and total and vigorous PA were strongly associated with lower VAT (allp < 0.04), ASAT (allp < 0.005), and IMAAT (allp < 0.005). Fit or active children had lower VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT (allp < 0.03) than their unfit or inactive counterparts.ConclusionThese results reinforce the importance of having adequate fitness and PA levels to reduce abdominal fat accumulation in children. Given that VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT are associated with higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, the improvement of physical fitness by the promotion of PA should be goals of lifestyle interventions for improving health in children with overweight/obesity.