bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mentality of pregnant women and obstetric healthcare workers about prenatal SARS‐CoV‐2 testing: A regional survey over the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Kawamura Hiroshi , Orisaka Makoto , Yoshida Yoshio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo clarify the mentality of pregnant women and obstetric healthcare workers about prenatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) screening testing.MethodsA multicenter questionnaire survey about prenatal SARS‐CoV‐2 screening testing was conducted among pregnant women, midwives and nurses (M&Ns), and obstetricians at all delivery facilities in Fukui Prefecture between June 30, 2020 and July 22, 2020.ResultsOf 297 pregnant women, 150 (50.5%) underwent prenatal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and 107 of them (71.3%) answered that because of prenatal PCR tests, they could give birth with relief. One hundred forty‐five (48.8%) were concerned about the disadvantages of receiving positive prenatal PCR results. Of 287 M&Ns, 151 (52.6%) answered that prenatal PCR screening testing could reduce anxiety about infection to themselves; this belief was more common among M&Ns working at the nonreception facility than among those at COVID‐19 reception facilities (60.7% vs. 47.1%, P = 0.02). Of 57 obstetricians, 31 (54.4%) agreed to prenatal SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR screening testing, the rate of which was significantly higher among obstetricians at nonreception facilities than those at reception facilities (70.3% vs. 25.0%, P < 0.01). Fourteen obstetricians (24.6%) were concerned about excessive medical treatment for asymptomatic pregnant women with false‐positive PCR results.ConclusionsPregnant women experience anxieties during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and prenatal SARS‐CoV‐2 screening may reduce their anxiety to some extent. However, obstetrics staff at COVID‐19 reception facilities are aware of the limits of prenatal screening and are concerned about excessive medical intervention due to false‐positive results.
Perilipin 1 and adipophilin immunoexpression suggests the presence of lipid droplets in tooth germ, ameloblastoma, and ameloblastic carcinoma
Authors: Sánchez‐Romero Celeste , Carreón‐Burciaga Ramón , Gónzalez‐Gónzalez Rogelio , Villarroel‐Dorrego Mariana , Molina‐Frechero Nelly , Bologna‐Molina Ronell 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreased lipogenesis and lipid droplet accumulation are observed in diverse tumors, and these processes are associated with poor prognosis in several tumors, representing potential therapeutic targets. The presence of lipid droplets in odontogenic tissues and/or tumors is unknown.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for perilipin 1 and adipophilin was performed in 12 human tooth germs (TG), 27 conventional ameloblastoma (AM), and 8 ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) samples. Cytoplasmic staining was analyzed using an immunoreactive score (IRS), and the results were compared for the TG, AM, and AC samples by Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by Dunn's post‐test and confirmed by Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsPerilipin 1 was negative in 91.7% of the TG samples, positive in 48.2% of the AM samples, and positive in 87.5% of the AC samples. Adipophilin was positive in 100% of the TG samples, 92.6% of the AM samples, and 100% of the AC samples. The perilipin 1 and adipophilin IRS revealed statistically significant differences between the TG, AM, and AC samples (p = .007 and p = .018, respectively). The perilipin 1 levels among the TG and AC samples were statically significant (**p = .0085), as well as the adipophilin levels when TG and AM samples were compared (**p < .0029).ConclusionsAdipophilin exhibits significant activity in human tooth development. The immunoexpression of perilipin 1 and adipophilin in the AM and AC samples suggests the presence of lipid droplets, providing further evidence of metabolic alterations in these tumors. Additional studies with larger samples and alternative techniques are necessary to confirm these findings.
Low‐dose CT lung cancer screening uptake: A rural–urban comparison
Authors: Zgodic Anja , Zahnd Whitney E. , Advani Shailesh , Eberth Jan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe US Preventive Services Task Force recommends lung cancer screening with Low‐Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) in high‐risk individuals. Our objective was to identify demographic, health, and financial factors associated with screening uptake, with a focus on urban–rural differences.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2018 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and its optional Lung Cancer Screening Module to examine factors associated with screening uptake among 20 states that administered the optional module. We compared differences in factors associated with uptake overall and by geographical regions and conducted multivariable logistic mixed‐effects regression, accounting for participant clustering by state to assess the impact of these factors on uptake.FindingsOverall 1,268 participants underwent LDCT screening with no significant differences observed between rural (16.3%) and urban residents (17.7%, p = 0.67). In multivariable models, rural residents did not differ significantly in their LDCT screening uptake (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.67–1.09, p = 0.20), but uptake was significantly higher for participants with underlying chronic respiratory conditions, veterans, those with higher pack‐year history, and those with poor/fair general health and prior history of cancer. Uptake declined with age, higher education level, concerns about paying for medical care, and lack of primary care.ConclusionsModifiable targets can be leveraged to increase LDCT screening. Based on significant predictors of screening uptake, clinicians should prioritize interventions that effectively consider smoking history as well as those identified as effective in veterans' health settings. Additionally, reducing structural barriers to care related to insurance and income will be key to reducing disparities.
The impact of the wake maintenance zone on attentional capacity, physiological drowsiness, and subjective task demands during sleep deprivation
Authors: McMahon William Ryan , Ftouni Suzanne , Diep Charmaine , Collet Jinny , Lockley Steven W. , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Maruff Paul , Drummond Sean P. A. , Anderson Clare 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the impact of the Wake Maintenance Zone (WMZ) on measures of drowsiness, attention, and subjective performance under rested and sleep deprived conditions. We studied 23 healthy young adults (18 males; mean age = 25.41 ± 5.73 years) during 40 hr of total sleep deprivation under constant routine conditions. Participants completed assessments of physiological drowsiness (EEG‐scored slow eye movements and microsleeps), sustained attention (PVT), and subjective task demands every two hours, and four‐hourly ocular motor assessment of inhibitory control (inhibition of reflexive saccades on an anti‐saccade task). Tests were analyzed relative to dim light melatonin onset (DLMO); the WMZ was defined as the 3 hr prior to DLMO, and the preceding 3 hr window was deemed the pre‐WMZ. The WMZ did not mitigate the adverse impact of ~37 hr sleep deprivation on drowsiness, sustained attention, response inhibition, and self‐rated concentration and difficulty, relative to rested WMZ performance (~13 hr of wakefulness). Compared to the pre‐WMZ, though, the WMZ improved measures of sustained attention, and subjective concentration and task difficulty, during sleep deprivation. Cumulatively, these results expand on previous work by characterizing the beneficial effects of the WMZ on operationally‐relevant indices of drowsiness, inhibitory attention control, and self‐rated concentration and task difficulty relative to the pre‐WMZ during sleep deprivation. These results may inform scheduling safety‐critical tasks at more optimal circadian times to improve workplace performance and safety.
Current review of isoxazoline ectoparasiticides used in veterinary medicine
Authors: Zhou Xueying , Hohman Alexandra E. , Hsu Walter H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe isoxazolines are a novel class of ectoparasiticides with potent inhibitory activity on glutamate‐ and gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐gated chloride channel located in nervous system of invertebrates. In recent years, studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of isoxazolines against various types of ectoparasites, including fleas, ticks, and mites. As more single and combined isoxazoline products have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency, a more comprehensive understanding of isoxazolines becomes essential for veterinary clinical practitioners. This article provides a complete review of isoxazolines with respect to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, ectoparasiticidal efficacy, and safety, which will provide veterinarians information to allow them to make the best choice of ectoparasiticide for their clients’ specific needs.
A self‐applied valid scale for rapid tracking of household food insecurity among pregnant women in Sri Lanka
Authors: Agampodi Thilini C. , Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Agampodi Suneth B. , Amarasinghe Gayani S. , Wickramasinghe Nuwan D. , Jayasinghe Imasha U. , Hettiarachchi Ayesh U. , Perez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRapid household food insecurity (HFI) tracking has been identified as a priority in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its aftermath. We report the validation of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (Escala Latinoamericana y Caribena de Seguridad Alimentaria [ELCSA]) among pregnant women in Sri Lanka. The eight‐item adult version of the ELCSA was translated from English to Sinhala and Tamil. Cognitive testing (on 10 pregnant women and five local experts) and psychometric validation of the self‐administered HFI tool were conducted among pregnant women (n = 269) attending the special clinics of the Rajarata Pregnancy Cohort (RaPCo) in Anuradhapura in February 2020. We assessed the psychometric properties and fit using a one parameter logistic model (Rasch model analysis) using STATA Version 14 and WINSTEP software Version 4.3.4. Concurrent validity was tested using psychological distress. The scale was internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79) and had a good model fit (Rasch items infit statistic range: 0.85 to 1.07). Item 8 (‘did not eat for the whole day’) was removed from the model fit analysis, as it was not affirmed by respondent. Item severity scores ranged from −2.15 for ‘not eating a diverse diet’ to 4.43 for ‘not eating during the whole day’. Concurrent validity between HFI and psychological distress was confirmed (r = 0.15, p < 0.05). The self‐applied version of ELCSA‐pregnancy in Sri Lanka (ELCSA‐P‐SL) is a valid and feasible valid tool. We recommend it to track HFI among pregnant women in lower income countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The effect of milk type and fortification on the growth of low‐birthweight infants: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: North Krysten , Marx Delaney Megan , Bose Carl , Lee Anne C. C. , Vesel Linda , Adair Linda , Semrau Katherine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApproximately 15% of infants worldwide are born with low birthweight (<2500 g). These children are at risk for growth failure. The aim of this umbrella review is to assess the relationship between infant milk type, fortification and growth in low‐birthweight infants, with particular focus on low‐ and lower middle–income countries. We conducted a systematic review in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Web of Science comparing infant milk options and growth, grading the strength of evidence based on standard umbrella review criteria. Twenty‐six systematic reviews qualified for inclusion. They predominantly focused on infants with very low birthweight (<1500 g) in high‐income countries. We found the strongest evidence for (1) the addition of energy and protein fortification to human milk (donor or mother's milk) leading to increased weight gain (mean difference [MD] 1.81 g/kg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 2.40), linear growth (MD 0.18 cm/week; 95% CI 0.10, 0.26) and head growth (MD 0.08 cm/week; 95% CI 0.04, 0.12) and (2) formula compared with donor human milk leading to increased weight gain (MD 2.51 g/kg/day; 95% CI 1.93, 3.08), linear growth (MD 1.21 mm/week; 95% CI 0.77, 1.65) and head growth (MD 0.85 mm/week; 95% CI 0.47, 1.23). We also found evidence of improved growth when protein is added to both human milk and formula. Fat supplementation did not seem to affect growth. More research is needed for infants with birthweight 1500–2500 g in low‐ and lower middle–income countries.
Muslim immigrants' sense of identity and belonging in the Western world: A comprehensive review
Authors: Stockemer Daniel , Moreau Shona 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, much has been written about the growth of anti‐immigrant sentiment in Western countries. Propagated by the fastest growing party family, far right‐wing parties, there is growing support in Western populations in favour of scapegoating Muslim immigrants for economic, cultural and security problems. However, less has been written on how Muslim immigrants feel about their host country. What is their sense of belonging and identification with their country of residence? In this review article, we summarise the results of 29 studies that explicitly focus on questions of integration, national identity and sense of belonging of Muslim immigrants. The studies we review document a range of outcomes, varying from a low sense of belonging and attachment to the country of residence to extremely high integration levels and loyalty. It seems that most variation depends on the country of residence at the macro‐level and on their education at the individual level.
Treatise on the influence of theism, transhumanism, and posthumanism on nursing and rehabilitation healthcare practice
Authors: Tanioka Ryuichi , Betriana Feni , Locsin Rozzano C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReservations concerning the ontologies of theism, transhumanism and posthumanism compel an explicatory discourse on their influences on Nursing and rehabilitation healthcare. Key journals in Nursing and health sciences have recently devoted themed issues on intelligent machine technologies such as humanoid healthcare robots and other highly technological healthcare devices and practice initiatives. While the technological advance witnessed has been a cause for celebration, questions still remain that are focused on the epistemological concerns. The purpose of this article is to discuss theistic ontologies such as the Judeo‐Christian, Shinto‐Buddhist and Islamic religious belief systems on transhumanism and posthumanism in the assimilation of symbiotic technological beings in Nursing and rehabilitation healthcare practice. In view of the approaching technological singularity dominating arguments regarding the future of human beings, a treatise on Nursing and rehabilitation health care is positioned well within the realms of human care. Theism, transhumanism and posthumanism are directing discussions regarding human beings and healthcare processes. It is imperative that the beneficial effects of these discussions be acknowledged within the highly technological world of Nursing and rehabilitative healthcare.
New method and electrophysiological characteristics of LA posterior wall isolation in persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Liang Zhuo , Liu Lifeng , Cheng Liting , Wang Zefeng , Zhang Junmeng , Yang Wenxue , Wang Yunlong , Wu Yongquan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial posterior wall isolation (PWI) is commonly used with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, potentials are often still recorded in the posterior wall after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), roof linear ablation, and bottom linear ablation in clinical practice. We aimed to explore the methodological approach and electrophysiological characteristics of PWI.MethodsA total of 36 patients who attended our center with long‐standing persistent AF were retrospectively analyzed. After routine PVI and roof and bottom linear ablation, complete PWI was confirmed in sinus rhythm by voltage mapping and high‐output pacing. Otherwise, activation mapping and voltage mapping were used to guide ablation on the line or inside the posterior wall until bidirectional block was achieved.ResultsThe first‐pass success rate of PWI was 39%. In the remaining 61% of patients with posterior wall electrograms, activation mapping in sinus rhythm showed that the earliest activation point was not on the ablation line but in a relatively dispersed focal area, possibly related to epicardial muscular sleeve insertion. Voltage mapping revealed a focal high‐voltage area in the posterior wall matching the relatively dispersed earliest activation site, in which an average of five points of ablation achieved complete PWI without serious esophageal injury. The middle zone contained 80% of the additional posterior wall ablation points.ConclusionsPWI was performed safely and effectively with an average of five additional ablation points in the posterior wall in 61% of patients under the guidance of voltage mapping.
High‐Fidelity Metaphysics: Ideological Parsimony in Theory Choice
Authors: Finocchiaro Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany metaphysicians utilize the virtue‐driven methodology. According to this methodology, one theory is more worthy of endorsement than another insofar as it is more virtuous. In this paper, I show how a theory's overall virtue is shaped by its ideological parsimony – parsimony with respect to the terminology employed in stating the theory. I distinguish between a theory's truth and its fidelity (‘joint‐carvingness’) and the corresponding epistemic and fidelic virtues. I argue that ideological parsimony is not an epistemic virtue but is a fidelic virtue. Insofar as metaphysicians value fidelity, then, ideological parsimony has an important role in theory choice.
Vitamin D has no impact on outcomes after HSCT in children—A retrospective study
Authors: Bajwa Rajinder P. S. , Taylor Kimberly , Hoyt Amanda , Kamboj Manmohan K. , Stanek Joseph , Mahadeo Kris M. , Alsaedi Hawazen , Abdel‐Azim Hisham , O’Kane Sara , Martin Paul L. , Stafford Lauren A. , Dvorak Christopher C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVitamin D not only plays an important role in bone metabolism but is also involved in multiple immune‐mediated processes in the body which may be adversely affected in those with low levels. Most pediatric studies evaluating the association of vitamin D in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT are single‐center studies. We present the results of retrospective study at 5 centers across the United States in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. (VDD) and (VDI) were defined by vitamin D levels of <20 ng/ml and 21–30 ng/ml, respectively. The mean vitamin D levels pre‐HSCT, day +30, and +100 were suggestive of VDI, but normalized thereafter. We compared the transplant characteristics and outcomes in 233 patients with VDD and VDI and those with normal levels and found no statistical difference in neutrophil or platelet engraftment, infections (viral, bacterial, or fungal) post‐HSCT, length of hospital stay during HSCT, graft failure, acute or chronic GvHD, survival at day +100 and 1 year, or relapse of primary malignancy. We conclude that VDI or deficiency does not affect any of the common transplant variables after allogeneic HSCT in children. There is a need of a large multicenter prospective study to evaluate its role further.
Online Hate and Zeitgeist of Fear: A Five‐Country Longitudinal Analysis of Hate Exposure and Fear of Terrorism After the Paris Terrorist Attacks in 2015
Authors: Kaakinen Markus , Oksanen Atte , Gadarian Shana Kushner , Solheim Øyvind Bugge , Herreros Francisco , Winsvold Marte Slagsvold , Enjolras Bernard , Steen‐Johnsen Kari 
Published: March 2021

Acts of terror lead to both a rise of an extended sense of fear that goes beyond the physical location of the attacks and to increased expressions of online hate. In this longitudinal study, we analyzed dynamics between the exposure to online hate and the fear of terrorism after the Paris attacks in November 13, 2015. We hypothesized that exposure to online hate is connected to a perceived Zeitgeist of fear (i.e., collective fear). In turn, the perceived Zeitgeist of fear is related to higher personal fear of terrorism both immediately after the attacks and a year later. Hypotheses were tested using path modeling and panel data (N = 2325) from Norway, Finland, Spain, France, and the United States a few weeks after the Paris attacks in November 2015 and again a year later in January 2017. With the exception of Norway, exposure to online hate had a positive association with the perceived Zeitgeist of fear in all our samples. The Zeitgeist of fear was correlated with higher personal fear of terrorism immediately after the attacks and one year later. We conclude that online hate content can contribute to the extended sense of fear after the terrorist attacks by skewing perceptions of social climate.
Maintaining changes in physical activity among type 2 diabetics – A systematic review of rehabilitation interventions
Authors: Thomsen Simon , Kristensen Gustav David Westergaard , Jensen Nynne Weigelt Herløv , Agergaard Sine 
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and physical activity (PA) is a suitable way of preventing and managing the disease. However, improving long‐term levels of PA in people with T2DM is a challenge and the best approach to rehabilitation in this regard is unknown. With the aim of outlining the existing knowledge regarding the maintenance of active lifestyles among people with T2DM after rehabilitation programs and gaining knowledge about options and challenges for their long‐term engagement in PA, a systematic review of original research articles assessing PA after rehabilitation programs was conducted. Two thousand two hundred and forty‐one articles were identified through PubMed or secondary sources and subjected to various inclusion criteria. Only articles published between the 1st of January 2000 and the 30th of June 2020 were considered. Additionally, the minimum time frame from intervention start to last PA assessment was 6 months and only articles based on interventions performed in Europe were included. The review was based on eighteen randomized controlled trials, four randomized trials without control, and four case studies. The 26 articles described 30 interventions that were categorized as personalized counseling, generalized teaching, supervised exercise, or a combination of personalized and generalized interventions. Statistical and narrative syntheses revealed no clear pattern regarding the effectiveness in eliciting maintained changes in PA. However, across categories, individual involvement, goal setting, social support, and the formation of habits are argued to be important components in sustaining PA and relieving challenges associated with the transition out of rehabilitation programs.
Teaching in the Virtual World: Examining Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Turnover
Authors: Roch Christine H. , Montague Courtney 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThis article explores levels of job satisfaction and turnover intention of teachers in K‐12 online schools. Thus far, there has been little research on these factors in virtual schools.MethodsUsing data from the 2015‐16 National Teacher and Principal Survey, we estimate multilevel models using hierarchical linear modeling methodology and also conduct an analysis using propensity score matching.ResultsWe find that teachers working in virtual schools have higher levels of satisfaction with their jobs. They do not differ from teachers in regular schools in their intention to leave teaching or to move to another school.ConclusionTeachers view their trajectories in virtual schools as stably as they do in brick and mortar schools. These teachers,
overall, are more satisfied with their jobs.