bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BSAC Vanguard Series: From treatment options to precision medicine: the future of ‘omics-based’ antibiotic resistance surveillance data
Authors: Essack Sabiha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Conventional culture-based phenotypic and genomic surveillance has drawbacks and may not necessarily reflect the true burden of antibiotic resistance. The integration of metagenomic surveillance with transcriptomics and proteomics will yield a step change in the utility of surveillance data from treatment options to precision medicine.
Flight Potential of Western Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Shrestha Govinda , Wiman Nik G , Rondon Silvia I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, is an economically important pest of several agricultural crops in the western United States. It is an increasing threat to potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), in the diverse landscape of the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington. In this study, flight mills were used to investigate the flight capacity of L. hesperus with the aim of better understand its dispersive characteristics in the agricultural landscape. Explicitly, we investigated the effects of biological factors such as generation, gender, and body weight on the flight potential of adult L. hesperus adults collected from field populations during spring and summer of 2019 and 2020. The study flight parameters assessed were distance, activity, velocity, and diel periodicity. In 24-h flight mill assays, a clear dichotomy pattern was found in sum flown distance for adults that travelled 1 km or shorter and adults that travelled greater than 1 km. Individuals from the summer population flew farther and more actively than those from the overwintered population. Female L. hesperus flew farther and were more active compared to males. Adult body weight before the flight was directly proportional to flight distance and number of flights, but not with velocity. Overwintered L. hesperus adults lost a higher percentage of their pre-flight body weight compared to summer adults over the course of the study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated that L. hesperus summer adult population has the flight ability to disperse greater distance in the agricultural landscape than overwintered population.
Exploring the Dynamics of Virulent and Avirulent Aphids: A Case for a ‘Within Plant’ Refuge
Authors: Banerjee Aniket , Valmorbida Ivair , O’Neal Matthew E , Parshad Rana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an invasive pest that can cause severe yield loss to soybeans in the North Central United States. A tactic to counter this pest is the use of aphid-resistant soybean varieties. However, the frequency of virulent biotypes that can survive on resistant varieties is expected to increase as more farmers use these varieties. Soybean aphids can alter soybean physiology primarily by two mechanisms, feeding facilitation, and the obviation of resistance, favoring subsequent colonization by additional conspecifics. We developed a nonlocal, differential equation population model to explore the dynamics of these biological mechanisms on soybean plants coinfested with virulent and avirulent aphids. We then use demographic parameters from laboratory experiments to perform numerical simulations via the model. We used this model to determine that initial conditions are an important factor in the season-long cooccurrence of both biotypes. The initial population of both biotypes above the resistance threshold or avirulent aphid close to resistance threshold and high virulent aphid population results in coexistence of the aphids throughout the season. These simulations successfully mimicked aphid dynamics observed in the field- and laboratory-based microcosms. The model showed an increase in colonization of virulent aphids increases the likelihood that aphid resistance is suppressed, subsequently increasing the survival of avirulent aphids. This interaction produced an indirect, positive interaction between the biotypes. These results suggest the potential for a ‘within plant’ refuge that could contribute to the sustainable use of aphid-resistant soybeans.
Human Rights Institutionalization at the Local Level: A Case Study of Sub-National Human Rights Commissions in Korea
Authors: Wolman Andrew , Chung Dahee 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Over the past decade, all upper-level (regional) Korean sub-national governments and a large number of lower-level (municipal) governments have passed ordinances mandating the establishment of local human rights commissions. Many of these commissions have now been set up and operating for several years. In this case study, we critically examine the development and work of these commissions, with a particular focus on five aspects: personnel; functions; norms; level of activity, and relationships with other relevant actors. In each of these areas, we examine the choices made and the major challenges faced, and contextualize within the standards established for national human rights institutions and experiences in other jurisdictions. The case study will be based on examination of a mix of primary source documents and secondary Korean-language research on the topic, supplemented by interview and questionnaire responses from practitioners active in the field.
Dublin III in Practice: Synthesizing a Framework for European Non-Refoulement Cases at the Human Rights Committee
Authors: Garrett Rachel , Barrett Nicole 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The United Nations Human Rights Committee (‘Human Rights Committee’ or ‘the Committee’) is facing an influx of complaints from asylum seekers in the European Union who have had their claim assessed under the strict criteria of the EU’s Dublin Regulation. Many asylum seekers, among them survivors of horrific violence and struggling single mothers with children, are being forced to return to their first-point-of-entry countries, where they are unable to find jobs or housing and face months in poor detention conditions. While expert bodies have established factors that should be considered to decide whether required principles of non-refoulement have been violated in asylum cases, the Human Rights Committee has varied inequitably in its procedure to determine whether a violation has occurred. In this article, we offer an original synthesis of the Human Rights Committee’s jurisprudence governing non-refoulement and apply it in a novel way to the rules governing the Dublin Regulation. The article then presents a specific test the Committee can use to analyse Dublin non-refoulement cases. The use of the proposed framework not only ensures adherence to established legal principles, but also would result in consistent decision-making valuable to both the Committee and European asylum seekers who appeal their cases to the Committee. Given recent literature demonstrating that human rights treaty bodies have an important impact on human rights compliance globally, the proposed framework would allow the Human Rights Committee to play a constructive role in increasing human rights compliance in the current European refugee context.
Molecular systematics of theReithrodontomys tenuirostrisgroup (Rodentia: Cricetidae) highlighting theReithrodontomys microdonspecies complex
Authors: Martínez-Borrego Daily , Arellano Elizabeth , González-Cózatl Francisco X , Castro-Arellano Ivan , León-Paniagua Livia , Rogers Duke S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Reithrodontomys tenuirostris species group is considered “the most specialized” within the genus Reithrodontomys from morphological and ecological perspectives. Previous studies based on molecular data recommended changes in the taxonomy of the group. In particular, R. microdon has been the most taxonomically questioned, with the suggestion that it constitutes a complex of cryptic species. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of the R. tenuirostris species group using DNA sequences from the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene and Intron 7 of the nuclear beta fibrinogen gene. In addition, divergence times were estimated, and possible new taxa delimited with three widely used species delimitation methods. Finally, possible connectivity routes based on shared haplotypes were tested among the R. microdon populations. All species were recovered as monophyletic with the exception of R. microdon, whose individuals were grouped into four different haplogroups, one of which included specimens of R. bakeri. Diversification within the R. tenuirostris species group began about 3 Ma, in the Pleistocene. The bGMYC and STACEY delimitation methods were congruent with each other, delimiting at the species-level each haplogroup within R. microdon, while the mPTP suggested a greater number of species. Moreover, none of the haplogroups showed potential connectivity routes between them, evidencing lack of gene flow. Our results suggest the existence of a higher number of species in the R. tenuirostris group, because we show that there are four species within what is currently recognized as R. microdon.
Photometric redshift estimation of BASS DR3 quasars by machine learning
Authors: Li Changhua , Zhang Yanxia , Cui Chenzhou , Fan Dongwei , Zhao Yongheng , Wu Xue-Bing , Zhang Jing-Yi , Han Jun , Xu Yunfei , Tao Yihan , Li Shanshan , He Boliang 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Correlating Beijing–Arizona Sky Survey (BASS) data release 3 (DR3) catalogue with the ALLWISE data base, the data from optical and infrared information are obtained. The quasars from Sloan Digital Sky Survey are taken as training and test samples while those from LAMOST are considered as external test sample. We propose two schemes to construct the redshift estimation models with XGBoost, CatBoost, and Random Forest. One scheme (namely one-step model) is to predict photometric redshifts directly based on the optimal models created by these three algorithms; the other scheme (namely two-step model) is to first classify the data into low- and high-redshift data sets, and then predict photometric redshifts of these two data sets separately. For one-step model, the performance of these three algorithms on photometric redshift estimation is compared with different training samples, and CatBoost is superior to XGBoost and Random Forest. For two-step model, the performances of these three algorithms on the classification of low and high redshift subsamples are compared, and CatBoost still shows the best performance. Therefore, CatBoost is regarded as the core algorithm of classification and regression in two-step model. In contrast to one-step model, two-step model is optimal when predicting photometric redshift of quasars, especially for high-redshift quasars. Finally, the two models are applied to predict photometric redshifts of all quasar candidates of BASS DR3. The number of high-redshift quasar candidates is 3938 (redshift ≥3.5) and 121 (redshift ≥4.5) by two-step model. The predicted result will be helpful for quasar research and follow-up observation of high-redshift quasars.
Structure elucidation, in vitro binding studies and ROS-dependent anti-cancer activity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) phthaloylglycinate(phen) complexes against MDA-MB-231 cells
Authors: Zehra Siffeen , Cirilli Ilenia , Silvestri Sonia , Gómez-Ruiz Santiago , Tabassum Sartaj , Arjmand Farukh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
New mononuclear Cu(II) and Zn(II)-based complexes 1 [Cu(L)2(diimine)HOCH3] and 2 [Zn(L)2(diimine)] have been synthesized as anti-cancer chemotherapeutics targeted to tRNA. The structure elucidation of complexes 1 and 2 was carried out by spectroscopic and single X-ray diffraction studies. In vitro interaction studies of complexes 1 and 2 with ct-DNA/tRNA were performed by employing various biophysical techniques to evaluate and predict their interaction behavior and preferential selectivity at biomolecular therapeutic targets. The corroborative results of the interaction studies demonstrated that complexes 1 and 2 exhibited avid binding propensity via intercalative mode of binding toward ct-DNA/tRNA. Electrophoretic assay revealed that the complexes 1 and 2 were able to promote single- and double-strand cleavage of the plasmid DNA at low micromolar concentrations under physiological conditions in the absence of an additional oxidizing or reducing agent. RNA hydrolysis studies revealed that the complexes 1 and 2 could promote tRNA cleavage in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The cytotoxic potential of complexes 1 and 2 was evaluated against the MDA-MB-231 cell line, which showed that the complexes were able to inhibit the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. The intracellular ROS production and mitochondrial superoxide anion assay revealed that the complexes 1 and 2 induce a dose-dependent activity, suggesting the involvement of ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway leading to cell death.
Moderate alcohol consumption and lipoprotein subfractions: a systematic review of intervention and observational studies
Authors: Wilkens Trine L , Tranæs Kaare , Eriksen Jane N , Dragsted Lars O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in cardiovascular risk markers, including lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions.

Objective
To systematically review the relationship between moderate alcohol intake, lipoprotein subfractions, and related mechanisms.

Data sources
Following PRISMA, all human and ex vivo studies with an alcohol intake up to 60 g/d were included from 8 databases.

Data extraction
A total of 17 478 studies were screened, and data were extracted from 37 intervention and 77 observational studies.

Results
Alcohol intake was positively associated with all HDL subfractions. A few studies found lower levels of small LDLs, increased average LDL particle size, and nonlinear relationships to apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins. Cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase activity were consistently increased. Several studies had unclear or high risk of bias, and heterogeneous laboratory methods restricted comparability between studies.

Conclusions
Up to 60 g/d alcohol can cause changes in lipoprotein subfractions and related mechanisms that could influence cardiovascular health.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. 98955
Fluid–Mineral Interactions: Controlling Coupled Mechanisms of Reaction, Mass Transfer and Deformation
Authors: Putnis Andrew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFluid–rock interaction has profound effects on the dynamics of the lithosphere. This Perspectives article describes the catalytic effects of water on the kinetics of mineral reactions and on the strength of rocks in terms of coupled dissolution and precipitation mechanisms on a macro- and nano-scale. The length scale of coupling between the dissolution and precipitation steps depends on the fluid composition at the mineral-fluid interface and also on differential stress. Stress-induced mass transport, dependent on the generation of porosity by mineral reactions, results in dissolution-precipitation creep as the principal mechanism of rock deformation in the lithosphere. The heterogeneous distribution of fluid infiltration into dry, strong rocks in the deep crust leads to weak rocks within strong, stressed host rock and the possibility of significant local variations in pressure. Fluid–rock interaction mechanisms are discussed in terms of recrystallisation reactions whereby mass transport and the most favourable nucleation sites determine the distribution and texture of the resultant assemblages. Metamorphic differentiation is a natural consequence of dissolution-precipitation mechanisms under deviatoric stress and similar mechanisms may apply to general pattern formation in rocks.
Origin, loss, and regain of self-incompatibility in angiosperms
Authors: Zhao Hong , Zhang Yue , Zhang Hui , Song Yanzhai , Zhao Fei , Zhang Yu’e , Zhu Sihui , Zhang Hongkui , Zhou Zhendiao , Guo Han , Li Miaomiao , Li Junhui , Gao Qiang , Han Qianqian , Huang Huaqiu , Copsey Lucy , Li Qun , Chen Hua , Coen Enrico , Zhang Yijing , Xue Yongbiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The self-incompatibility (SI) system with the broadest taxonomic distribution in angiosperms is based on multiple S-locus F-box genes (SLFs) tightly linked to an S-RNase termed type-1. Multiple SLFs collaborate to detoxify nonself S-RNases while being unable to detoxify self S-RNases. However, it is unclear how such a system evolved, because in an ancestral system with a single SLF, many nonself S-RNases would not be detoxified, giving low cross-fertilization rates. In addition, how the system has been maintained in the face of whole-genome duplications (WGDs) or lost in other lineages remains unclear. Here we show that SLFs from a broad range of species can detoxify S-RNases from Petunia with a high detoxification probability, suggestive of an ancestral feature enabling cross-fertilization and subsequently modified as additional SLFs evolved. We further show, based on its genomic signatures, that type-1 was likely maintained in many lineages, despite WGD, through deletion of duplicate S-loci. In other lineages, SI was lost either through S-locus deletions or by retaining duplications. Two deletion lineages regained SI through type-2 (Brassicaceae) or type-4 (Primulaceae), and one duplication lineage through type-3 (Papaveraceae) mechanisms. Thus, our results reveal a highly dynamic process behind the origin, maintenance, loss, and regain of SI.
Unique features of mRNA m6A methylomes during expansion of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits
Authors: Hu Jianzhong , Cai Jing , Umme Amara , Chen Yao , Xu Tao , Kang Hunseung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Although the role of m6A has been demonstrated in many biological processes, including embryonic development, flowering time control, microspore generation, fruit ripening, and stress responses, its contribution to other aspects of plant development still needs to be explored. Herein, we show the potential link between m6A deposition and the expansion of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits through parallel m6A-immunoprecipitation-sequencing (m6A-seq) and RNA-seq analyses. We found that global m6A levels increased during tomato fruit expansion from immature green to mature green stage. m6A-seq revealed that thousands of protein-coding genes are m6A-modified mainly in the 3ʹ-untranslated regions. m6A-seq and RNA-seq analyses showed a positive association between m6A methylation and mRNA abundance. In particular, a large number of fruit expansion-related genes involved in hormone responses and endoreduplication were m6A modified and expressed more actively than the non-m6A-modified genes, suggesting a potential role of m6A modification in tomato fruit expansion. Importantly, altering m6A levels by direct injection of 3-deazaneplanocin A (DA; m6A writer inhibitor) or meclofenamic acid (MA; m6A eraser inhibitor) into tomato fruits suppressed fruit expansion; however, injection of exogenous DA or MA accelerated or delayed fruit ripening, respectively. Collectively, these results suggest a dynamic role of m6A methylation in the expansion and ripening of tomato fruits.
Release of Hyaluronan in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Cerebral Vasospasm: A Pilot Study Indicating a Shedding of the Endothelial Glycocalyx
Authors: Schick Volker C. , Neumann Tobias , Illerhaus Anja , Timmer Marco , Fuchs Alexander , Grau Stefan , Annecke Thorsten 
Published: October 2021

Background:
This pilot study investigated plasma concentrations of hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, and syndecan-1 as possible biomarkers for glycocalyx integrity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods:
Daily blood samples for biomarker assay were obtained in aSAH patients on the intensive care unit stay and compared with samples from a historic cohort of 40 healthy controls. In post hoc subgroup analyses in patients with and without cerebral vasospasm, we explored the influence of aSAH-related cerebral vasospasm on biomarker levels.

Results:
A total of 18 aSAH patients and 40 historic controls were included in the study. Median (interquartile range) plasma levels of hyaluronan were higher in aSAH patients compared with controls (131 [84 to 179] vs. 92 [82 to 98] ng/mL, respectively; P=0.009), whereas heparan sulfate (mean±SD: 754±428 vs. 1329±316 ng/mL; P<0.001) and syndecan-1 (median: 23 [17 to 36] vs. 30 [23 to 52] ng/mL; P=0.02) levels were lower. Patients who developed vasospasm had significantly higher median hyaluronan concentrations at day 7 (206 [165 to 288] vs. 133 [108 to 164] ng/mL, respectively; P=0.009) and at day of first vasospasm detection (203 [155 to 231] vs. 133 [108 to 164] ng/mL, respectively; P=0.01) compared with those without vasospasm. Heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 concentrations were similar in patients with and without vasospasm.

Conclusions:
The increased plasma concentrations of hyaluronan after aSAH suggest selective shedding of this component of the glycocalyx. Increased levels of hyaluronan in patients with cerebral vasospasm, underlines a potential role for hyaluronan in vasospasm processes.
The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on the Association Between Hearing Loss and Brain Structure in Older Adults
Authors: de Boer Tom G. , Rigters Stephanie C. , Croll Pauline H. , Niessen Wiro J. , Ikram M. Arfan , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Vernooij Meike W. , Goedegebure André 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
Recent studies have shown an association between poorer hearing thresholds and smaller brain tissue volumes in older adults. Several underlying causal mechanisms have been opted, with a sensory deprivation hypothesis as one of the most prominent. If hearing deprivation would lead to less brain volume, hearing aids could be hypothesized to moderate this pathway by restoration of hearing. This study aims to investigate whether such a moderating effect of hearing aids exists.

Design:
The authors conducted a cross-sectional study involving aging participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study. Hearing aid use was assessed by interview and hearing loss was quantified using pure-tone audiometry. Total brain volume, gray matter and white matter volume and white matter integrity [fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity] were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Only participants with a pure tone average at 1, 2, and 4 kHz (PTA1,2,4) of ≥35 dB HL were included. Associations of hearing loss with brain volume and global measures of white matter integrity were analyzed using linear regression, with hearing aid use and interaction between hearing aid use and PTA1,2,4 included as independent variables. Models were adjusted for age, sex, time between audiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, level of education, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results:
Out of 459 included participants with mean age (range) 70.4 (52 to 92) 41% were female. Distributions of age and sex among hearing aid users (n = 172) did not significantly differ from those without hearing aids. PTA1,2,4 was associated with lower FA, but not with a difference in total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, or mean diffusivity. Interaction between hearing aid use and PTA1,2,4 was not associated with FA or any of the other outcome measures. Additional analysis revealed that interaction between hearing aid use and age was associated with lower FA.

Conclusions:
We found no evidence for a moderating effect of hearing aids on the relationship between hearing loss and brain structure in a population of older adults. However, use of hearing aids did appear as an effect modifier in the association between age and white matter integrity. Future longitudinal research is needed to clarify these results.