bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD Simulation, Pollutant Analysis and Optimization of a Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Power Plant
Authors: Hajinezhad Ahmad , Rahebi Saeed , Alimoradiyan Hamed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Waste incineration is one of the new ways to dispose of municipal solid waste, which greatly reduces the amount of waste and decrease the need for landfilling systems. There are several ways to diminish and eliminate these pollutants like filtration and process optimization of pollutants from waste incineration plants which have been studied comprehensively in the current study. In this study, Kahrizak waste incineration plant has been selected as a case study. The waste incineration process in the mentioned power plant is based on pyrolysis and gasification methods. One of the practical methods to improve the process is numerical modeling; in this way, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis has been used for numerical solutions. ANSYS Fluent software is one of the applications in computational fluid dynamics that helps significantly in solving the numerical equations governing this study.
Results

The deviation value of the modeling was about 6% compared to the actual data. In addition, using the modeling results, temperature, pressure and velocity distributions, as well as discharge, mass distribution of pollutants were obtained and analyzed in details. The results show that by increasing the inlet air flow rate, the carbon dioxide discharge increases and the methane discharge decreases.
Conclusions

With the change in primary and secondary air flow, the changes of three pollutants were studied in detail. The weighted normalized value of the total pollutants, with the selected index being the minimum for each pollutant which has the lowest value among the studied conditions.
The Antitumor Effect of Capsaicin on Prostate Cancer Cells Depends on AMPK Activation Through LKB1 Kinase and TRPV1 Receptor
Authors: Sánchez Belén G. , Bort Alicia , Diaz-Laviada Ines 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, natural compounds and their derivatives have been reported to have anti-cancer effects. Herein, we investigated the mechanism whereby the natural vanilloid capsaicin exerts anti-tumor effects on prostate cancer cells. We found that capsaicin activates the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and promotes cell death in the LKB1 expressing prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC3 but not in the LKB1-null cell line DU-145. Capsaicin treatment stimulated LKB1 phosphorylation and activated AMPK in LKB1 expressing cells. In addition, overexpression of LKB1 by lentiviral infection in DU-145 cells, induced capsaicin-triggered AMPK activation and apoptosis while LKB1 silencing in LNCaP and PC3 cells, increased capsaicin-promoted cell death. Capsaicin-induced LKB1 phosphorylation, was dependent on the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), since TRPV1 knocked down by shRNA, abolished LKB1 and AMPK phosphorylation and inhibited apoptosis. Altogether, our results show that capsaicin affect AMPK activity in an LKB1- and TRPV1-dependent fashion, linking TRPV1 with cell fate. These data also suggest that capsaicin may be a rational therapeutic option for prostate tumors.
The Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (Stp) on Knowlegde Regarding Medication Error and Its Prevention Among Staff Nurses Working In A Selected Hospital Bangalore: Pre Experimental (One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design) And Evaluative Research Approach
Authors: khushi Pokhrel , janu Ramu k , dolma lama 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: A medication error is a failure in the treatment process that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient. However, it is important to detect them, since system failures that result in minor errors can later lead to serious errors. Reporting of errors should be encouraged by creating a blame-free, non-punitive environment. Improving nurse’s knowledge can favorably affect the incidence and outcome of medication error. This study was design to give knowledge regarding medication error and its prevention among staff nurses.Methods: Experimental one group pre-test and post-test study was conducted at Sapthagiri hospital, Bangalore. 60 staff nurses were selected by using Non-Probability Convenience sampling technique. Data was collected over a period of one month by administering structured knowledge questionnaire.Results: In the context of pre-test, a majority 47 (78.3%) had inadequate knowledge, and 13 (21.7%) had Moderately Adequate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge. In post test, majority i.e. 48 (80%) had Adequate knowledge and 12 (20%) of them had moderately adequate knowledge and none of them had inadequate knowledge. It evidenced that there is an increase in the knowledge.Regarding over all knowledge the paired mean difference was 15.917 and SE mean difference was 0.603. It was found to be significant ( t=26.38, df=59) at 5% level (i.e. p<0.05). The present study also found there is no significant association between knowledge regarding medication error and its prevention with selected demographic variable.Interpretation and conclusion: The overall findings of the study clearly showed that the structures teaching program was effective in improving the knowledge level of staff nurses regarding medication error and its prevention.
Effect of Soluble Phenolic Compounds From Hydrothermally Pretreated Wheat Straw on Cellulose Degrading Enzymes
Authors: Borisova Anna S. , Pihlajaniemi Ville , Kont Riin , Niemelä Klaus , Koitto Taru , Mikkelson Atte , Väljamäe Priit , Kruus Kristiina , Marjamaa Kaisa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Hydrothermal methods are commonly applied in pretreatment of lignocellulose for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and further conversion to biofuels and chemicals. The pretreatment partially disassemble and solubilize cell wall polymers. Besides mono- and oligosaccharides, the soluble degradation products include various phenolic compounds, which may affect the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. Results: The phenolic compounds were isolated from pretreatment liquor and their effects on cellulolytic enzymes were investigated. The major enzymes in crystalline cellulose degradation, cellobiohydrolases, were inhibited by the oligophenolics and phenolic-carbohydrate conjugates the latter of which could be mitigated by other enzymes, i.e. xylanases and endoglucanases. Hydrolytic activity of a commercial enzyme cocktail containing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) was enhanced in presence of low concentrations of phenolics.Conclusions: The effects of the pretreatment liquor phenolics is dependent on enzyme concentration and type of the phenolic compounds. For optimized performance, the pretreatment conditions and enzyme cocktail composition should be designed to promote oxidative activities for enhanced hydrolysis, degradation of the oligosaccharides linked to phenolics and resistance to oligophenolic compounds.
What Caused The Increase of Tropical Cyclones In The Western North Pacific During The Period of 2011-2020?
Authors: Wang Haili , Wang Chunzai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Based on satellite era data after 1979, we find that the tropical cyclone (TC) variations in the Western North Pacific (WNP) can be divided into three-periods: a high-frequency period from 1979-1997 (P1), a low-frequency period from 1998-2010 (P2), and a high-frequency period from 2011-2020 (P3). Previous studies have focused on WNP TC activity during P1 and P2. Here we use observational data to study the WNP TC variation and its possible mechanisms during P3. Compared with P2, more TCs during P3 are due to the large-scale atmospheric environmental conditions of positive relative vorticity, negative vertical velocity and weak vertical wind shear. Warmer SST is found during P3, which is favorable for TC genesis. The correlation between the WNP TC frequency and SST shows a significant positive correlation around the equator and a significant negative correlation around 36°N, which is similar to the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The correlation coefficient between the PDO and TC frequency is 0.71, significant at 99% confidence level. The results indicate that the increase of the WNP TC frequency during 2011-2020 is associated with the phase transition of the PDO and warmer SST. Therefore, more attention should be given to the warmer SST and PDO phase when predicting WNP TC activity.
Serum amyloid beta-42 as a noninvasive biomarker for the prognosis and histologic features of glioma
Authors: Hwang Kihwan , Noh Minhee , Park Jay J. , Ahn Kwang-Sung , Kim Junhyung , Ji So Young , Han Jung Ho , Kim Chae-Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PURPOSE

Glioma is often refractory. Histopathologic examination is essential to establish an initial diagnosis, and multiple imaging studies are conducted to assess the treatment response. However, these conventional approaches are usually accompanied by high risks and costs during treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify a novel, noninvasive, candidate biomarker for the histological prediction and prognostic assessment of glioma.
METHODS

Serum was prepared from blood samples collected preoperatively from 65 patients with WHO grade II–IV glioma between October 2004 and December 2017 in a single tertiary-level institution. The concentration of amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42) was measured by SMCxPRO (Merck) immunoassay. The clinical characteristics and histologic features of the patients, including the molecular subtype, were reviewed. Progression-free survival was evaluated as the primary outcome.
RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 53.7 ± 12.2 years. Thirty-seven (56.9%) patients were male, and 21 (32.3%) patients had primary tumors. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the group with higher serum Aβ42 (> 5.7 pg/ml) showed a poorer outcome (p = 0.014). In multivariate regression analysis, the serum Aβ42 concentration showed a significant association with EGFR expression and the Ki-67 labeling index. A higher serum Aβ42 concentration was associated with wild-type EGFR expression (odds ratio 0.237, p = 0.022), increased cell proliferation (β = 0.339, p = 0.007) and a poor outcome (hazard ratio 0.339, p = 0.046).
CONCLUSION

The serum Aβ42 level would be a good, noninvasive, candidate biomarker for the prediction of histological features and prognosis in glioma patients. Further studies with large cohorts might be required for its clinical use.
Characterization of EPO H131S as a Key Mutation Site in the Hypoxia-adaptive Evolution of Gymnocypris Dobula
Authors: Wang Congcong , Zhang Qin , Liu Yang , Xu Qianghua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone involved in proerythropoiesis, antioxidation and antiapoptosis. It also contributes to cellular immune function in high-altitude species, such as the schizothoracine fish Gymnocypris dobula (G. dobula). Six mutation sites previously identified in EPO from G. dobula (GD-EPO) were injected into zebrafish embryos and their effects were compared with EPO from the low-altitude schizothoracine Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti). The key mutation site in GD-EPO was identified as H131S. Under hypoxic conditions, the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were decreased, whereas that of nitric oxide was increased in zebrafish injected with GD-EPO compared with those injected with S. prenanti-EPO (SP-EPO). The results suggest that EPO in high-altitude schizothoracine species is both antioxidative and antiapoptotic, driven by the H131S mutation site. Thus, this enhanced the ability of this species to adapt to the high-altitude hypoxic environment. These results provide a basis for investigating further the hypoxia adaptation mechanisms of teleosts.
Determination and Statistical Analysis of Atmospheric Deposition of Heavy Metals in Kosovo. A Moss Survey
Authors: Sopaj Flamur , Stafilov Trajče , Tašev Krste , Šajn Robert , Paçarizi Musaj 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals on the territory of Kosovo was studied using the already widely used technique of mosses as biomonitors. This is a very convenient method as it uses natural samples, and thus avoids many difficulties associated with man-made samplers. Nine heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in 45 moss samples. Statistical analysis was performed to better present and explain the data. High concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni were found near industrial sites and near more densely populated areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified more polluted sites such as Zveqan, Stanterg, Prapashticë, Siboc, and Lupç. It was also found that Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni are the heavy metals that affect these polluted sites the most. The contamination factor (CF) and the polluted load index (PLI) were calculated. CF showed that only Mn, Cu, and Zn, had no or almost no contamination no contamination levels over the range of moss samples, while Cd and particularly Pb gave extremely high values for CF, indicating extreme contamination levels. Pollution load index also showed that only a few samples are slightly polluted, while most of the samples shown considerable and very high levels of pollution.
The Importance of Knowing the Basic First Aid Measures During Social Isolation of the Elderly
Authors: Dolenc Eva , Slabe Damjan , Eržen Ivan , Kovačič Uroš 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The vulnerability of the elderly population increases with natural and other disasters. Consequent social isolation affects their health. Health problems, which can lead to emergencies, can be an even greater burden during times of social isolation. Early identification and action in terms of first aid for the most common emergencies that threaten an individual’s health or life affect these conditions. We aimed to examine the knowledge of first aid in the most common emergencies that threaten elderly people’s health and life among a Slovenian population, focusing on the elderly people’s knowledge. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted on 1079 respondents. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Statistically significant differences in average ratings among different age groups were determined with one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc test. Significant differences between the categories of age groups were determined using the χ2 square test followed by appropriate post hoc testing for multiple comparisons. By regression analysis (Spearman’s rho and Pearson Correlation), we determined the correlations. Results: Our survey results indicated that Slovenes are aware of the importance of first aid knowledge and feel personally responsible for acquiring and developing this knowledge. The most surprising finding of our research is the high level of knowledge of recognising some of the most common conditions that occur in old age and taking action in response to them. Simultaneously, most of the knowledge tested does not depend on the person’s age or the time since that person was last educated in first aid. Nevertheless, out of all age groups, those older than 80 stand out. The respondents’ general opinion is that the elderly over 80 years of age need less first aid knowledge. Furthermore, their first aid knowledge is also somewhat worse, especially when recognising sudden illness. Conclusions: Older than 80 are the most vulnerable psycho physically and socially, especially in natural and other disasters such as a pandemic. In the same time, their disaster preparedness from a first aid perspective is poor. There is a need to raise awareness and provide guidance on emergency preparedness to older people.
New paradigm for configurational entropy in glass-forming systems
Authors: Drozd-Rzoska Aleksandra , Rzoska Sylwester J. , Starzonek Szymon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We show that on cooling towards glass transition configurational entropy exhibits more significant changes than predicted by classic relation. A new formula according to Kauzmann temperature TK is given: S=S0tn, where t=(T-TK)/T. The exponent n is hypothetically linked to dominated local symmetry. Such a behaviour is coupled to previtreous evolution of heat capacity Cp(T)=(nC/T)(1-TK/T)n-1 associated with finite temperature singularity. These lead to generalised VFT relation, for which the basic equation is retrieved. For many glass-formers, basic VFT equation may have only an effective meaning. A universal-like reliability of the Stickel operator analysis for detecting dynamic crossover phenomenon is also questioned. Notably, distortions-sensitive and derivative-based analysis focused on previtreous changes of configurational entropy and heat capacity for glycerol, ethanol and liquid crystal is applied.
Using an online intervention to improve menstrual health literacy and self-management in young women: a pilot study
Authors: Armour Mike , Parry Kelly , Curry Christina , Ferfolja Tania , Parker Melissa , Farooqi Toobah , Macmillan Freya , Smith Caroline , Holmes Kathryn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Menstrual cycle-related conditions, such as dysmenorrhea and heavy bleeding, are common amongst those under 25. Despite having significant impact on work, education and social activities, most do not seek medical advice, preferring to self-manage their symptoms. This pilot pre- and post-test study aimed to determine if a web-based intervention could improve health literacy, reduce menstrual symptoms, and encourage health-seeking behaviour in those at risk of conditions such as endometriosis.
Methods

A steering group of menstrual health experts, young women and teachers developed a web-based resource containing two sections: information on the menstrual cycle, including conditions such as dysmenorrhea; and self-management strategies including yoga, meditation, dietary advice, heat and acupressure. Recruitment was via social media. The intervention was undertaken for three menstrual cycles. Outcomes were collected on health literacy measures, doctors’ visits, symptom severity and self-care usage.
Results

Seventy-five women with a mean age of 20.4 years enrolled in the web-based resource, and 56 (75%) completed the intervention. Forty-three percent visited their doctor regarding their menstrual symptoms during the study period, with 84% indicating that they made the appointment due to the intervention; over half (56%) who visited their doctor received a referral to a gynaecologist. Self-care usage increased with 60% reporting changes in the way they managed their menstrual symptoms. There were clinically relevant improvements in health literacy reflecting improved confidence of participants regarding adequate information and skills to manage their symptoms. Almost half (48.8%) said the intervention had changed what they thought was a ‘normal’ period and over a third (35%) said it corrected previous misunderstandings they had about periods and the menstrual cycle. Ninety-four percent could identify the symptoms of endometriosis after using the intervention.
Conclusion

A low-cost, web-based intervention can improve health literacy, provide effective options for self-management of menstrual cycle-related conditions and motivate young women to see medical advice.
No association between previous autoantibody expression and development of SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Sullivan Frank , Tello Agnes , Rachhaus Petra , Daly Fergus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients who exhibit the more severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit activation of immunological and inflammatory cascades. Participants (current or ex-smokers with at least 20 years pack history) in a trial (ECLS) of autoantibody detection to predict lung cancer risk had seven autoantibodies measured five years before the pandemic. This study compared the response to Covid infection in study participants who tested positive and negative to antibodies to tumour associated antigens: p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, HuD, MAGE A4 and SOX2. Methods: Autoantibody data from the Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer, Scotland (ECLS) study was deterministically linked to the EAVE II database which is a national, real-time prospective cohort using Scotland’s health data infrastructure, to describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, patterns of healthcare use and outcomes. The strength of associations was explored using a network algorithm for exact contingency table significance testing by permutation.Results: There were no significant differences discerned between SARS-CoV-2 test results and EarlyCDT-Lung test results (positive / negative) (p = 0.734). An additional analysis of ICU admissions detected no significant differences between those who tested positive and negative. Subgroup analyses showed no difference in COVID -19 positivity or death rates amongst those diagnosed with COPD with positive and negative EarlyCDT results.Conclusions: This hypothesis generating study demonstrated no clinically valuable or statistically significant associations between EarlyCDT positivity in 2013-15 and the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in 2020, ICU admission or death in all participants (current or ex-smokers with at least 20 years pack history) or in those with COPD or lung cancer
Particulate Oxidative Potential (OP) Associated with Fireworks Activity during Diwali at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Authors: Lakhani Anita , Goyal Isha , Verma Puneet Kumar , Kumari Kandikonda Maharaj 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The potential of the atmospheric fine aerosols (PM2.5) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during firework activity in Diwali festival was assessed by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India. The 12-h mean PM2.5 was found to be 262.9 ±150.7 µg m-3 during the study period which was 4.4 times exceeded the NAAQS limits. Firework activity was also characterized by increased levels of gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2, CO and O3), and trace metal concentrations like Ba, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Al and Mn. Elevated PM2.5-NOx slope for fireworks including traffic emissions suggested significant contribution of fireworks. The highest value of PM ROS activity, volume-based DTT value was 1.37 nmol min-1 m-3 and mass-based DTT value was 11.77 pmol min-1 μg-1, found in the next morning of Diwali, suggesting stronger PM associated ROS activity due to fireworks. A positive association was found between redox-active metals like Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and V and DTT activity that could be due to the ability of these metals to catalyze ROS generation in ambient air, while Ba, Be and Se in atmosphere as major constituents of firecrackers were also strongly associated with DTT activity. The ozone levels were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.87) with DTTv activity during daytime due to photochemical activities including chemical species associated with fireworks responsible for forming tropospheric O3. Comparison of the daily DTTv activity and hazard index (HI) suggests that the HI may be a poor metric to measure the health effects by which PM exposure can induce deterioration in human health.