bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol converts NF-κB into a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma with defined antioxidative properties
Authors: Volmar Marie N M , Cheng Jiying , Alenezi Haitham , Richter Sven , Haug Alisha , Hassan Zonera , Goldberg Maria , Li Yuping , Hou Mengzhuo , Herold-Mende Christel , Maire Cecile L , Lamszus Katrin , Flüh Charlotte , Held-Feindt Janka , Gargiulo Gaetano , Topping Geoffrey J , Schilling Franz , Saur Dieter , Schneider Günter , Synowitz Michael , Schick Joel A , Kälin Roland E , Glass Rainer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The transcription factor NF-κB drives neoplastic progression of many cancers including primary brain tumors (glioblastoma [GBM]). Precise therapeutic modulation of NF-κB activity can suppress central oncogenic signaling pathways in GBM, but clinically applicable compounds to achieve this goal have remained elusive.

Methods
In a pharmacogenomics study with a panel of transgenic glioma cells, we observed that NF-κB can be converted into a tumor suppressor by the non-psychotropic cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD). Subsequently, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of CBD, which is used as an anticonvulsive drug (Epidiolex) in pediatric neurology, in a larger set of human primary GBM stem-like cells (hGSC). For this study, we performed pharmacological assays, gene expression profiling, biochemical, and cell-biological experiments. We validated our findings using orthotopic in vivo models and bioinformatics analysis of human GBM datasets.

Results
We found that CBD promotes DNA binding of the NF-κB subunit RELA and simultaneously prevents RELA phosphorylation on serine-311, a key residue that permits genetic transactivation. Strikingly, sustained DNA binding by RELA-lacking phospho-serine 311 was found to mediate hGSC cytotoxicity. Widespread sensitivity to CBD was observed in a cohort of hGSC defined by low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while high ROS content in other tumors blocked CBD-induced hGSC death. Consequently, ROS levels served as a predictive biomarker for CBD-sensitive tumors.

Conclusions
This evidence demonstrates how a clinically approved drug can convert NF-κB into a tumor suppressor and suggests a promising repurposing option for GBM therapy.
Assessing the effectiveness of a forest Habitat Conservation Plan for a threatened seabird, the Marbled Murrelet
Authors: Brunk Kristin , Chinnici Sal , Pidgeon Anna , Peery M Zachariah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) commonly facilitate habitat conservation on private land in the United States, yet the effectiveness of individual HCPs is rarely evaluated. Here, we assess the effectiveness of a high-profile HCP created by a lumber company to protect old-growth forests used for breeding by Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) on private land. We used 17 years of HCP-monitoring data to compare trends in murrelet occupancy and inland counts between private HCP areas and public reference areas over time. Based on occupancy models applied to audio-visual survey data, average occupancy was higher in public reference areas (0.85; 85% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.79–0.90) than in private HCP areas (0.46; 85% CI: 0.38–0.54). Numerically, trends in occupancy were slightly positive in public areas ( = 1.01; 85% CI: 0.94–1.08) and slightly negative in private areas ( = 0.97; 85% CI: 0.87–1.06), but CI did not preclude stable occupancy on both ownerships. Based on generalized linear mixed models applied to inland radar survey data, murrelet counts in private HCP areas (least-squares [LS] mean = 8.7; 85% CI: 6.2–12.2) were lower than those in public reference areas (LS mean = 14.8; 85% CI: 10.1–21.7), but CI overlapped. Murrelet counts declined by 12–17% annually on both ownerships over the study period based on the top model, but a closely competing interactive model suggested more rapid declines in public reference (14–20%) than in private HCP (10–15%) areas. Both models indicated that murrelet counts were negatively related to sea surface temperature, suggesting that warm ocean conditions negatively affect murrelet breeding effort. Collectively, these results suggest that while HCP habitat may be lower quality than public reference areas, the HCP has likely not exacerbated ongoing declines of murrelets in the region. This work highlights the importance of including reference areas when evaluating conservation policies.
Stone-Walled Fish traps of Australia and New Guinea as Expressions of Enhanced Sociality
Authors: McNiven Ian J. , Lambrides Ariana B. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fishing was and remains an important subsistence activity of many coastal and inland Indigenous peoples of Australia and New Guinea. The range of ethnographically known fishing methods used to obtain freshwater and marine fishes is similar across the two regions. This ethnographic picture of diversity and complexity is not matched archaeologically, where stone-walled fish traps dominate. Archaeological research on stone-walled fish traps has focused on technical dimensions (e.g., mapping, classification, and dating) and social dimensions (e.g., gender, social complexity, and social organization). Stone-walled fish traps can transform the social and ecological landscape and, in an archaeological context, provide an opportunity to explore decision making and the sociocultural changes associated with the installation of these fixed-in-place facilities. Relevant social organizational changes with potential material correlates amenable to archaeological research include the restructuring of residential sites; interregional gatherings and exchange relationships; aquatic resource enhancement and regularization; and ownership and control of facilities and resources, including territorial partitioning of land- and seascapes.
“Study, practice, and a reasonable working method”
Authors: Aschauer Mario 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents the first step toward a hitherto unwritten history of creative process pedagogy in the territories of the Holy Roman Empire between 1500 and 1850. In answering the question of how musical creativity was taught and learned beyond the obvious theoretical aspects of composition such as counterpoint, harmony, and instrumentation, it analyzes a plethora of treatises, composer’s sketches, and study manuscripts to identify and describe important pedagogical trends and methodologies. These include, for example, the use of principles from classical Latin rhetoric and, as a derivative technique, the study and use of loci or musical commonplaces. Musical “shorthand” notation such as partimento and figured bass are investigated as basis for the sketches and drafts by composers of the Classical period which, in 19th-century treatises, became the foundation for creative process pedagogy themselves.
Young People’s Lived Experience of Music in Everyday Life
Authors: Herbert Ruth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been growing psychological interest in studying everyday experiences with and of music in ways that bypass a selective focus on musical function, mood, emotion, or the perception of musical attributes. Ecological perspectives on music listening—where experience is understood as the multimodal sum of a systemic interaction between perceiver, environment, and musical attributes—have also been influential. This has been reflected in an increase in the number of empirical studies exhibiting a phenomenological approach. However, little research has explicitly addressed children’s and adolescents’ holistic interactions with music. Drawing on findings from a mixed-method empirical inquiry into UK ten-to-eighteen-year-olds’ involvement with music (employing interpretative phenomenological analysis), this chapter explores the phenomenology of children’s and adolescents’ unfolding, lived experiences of music in everyday scenarios. It discusses ways in which the experience of music across this time span changes in terms of psychological characteristics, kinds of consciousness, and meanings attached to music. Key themes are related to topics within phenomenology’s philosophical tradition, and the relationship between philosophical and psychological understandings of phenomenology is considered.
Intergenerational Ethics and Individual Duties
Authors: Cripps Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter defends a cooperative promotional model of individual intergenerational moral duties. The individual can feel powerless and detached in the face of intergenerational moral challenges, which generally result from the combined actions of billions of people and require global-level solutions. Two individual duties are commonly debated: to promote effective collective action and to minimize one’s own contribution to the problem, for example, by cutting one’s carbon footprint. The cooperative promotional model incorporates both possibilities, including in many cases a duty to have a small family. The argument starts by assuming a shared or “weakly collective” duty requiring the global affluent to organize to avoid severe intergenerational injustice, a claim widely defended on positive and negative grounds. On the cooperative promotional model, each individual must cooperate with motivated others as far as reasonably possible to promote fair, effective, efficient collective-level progress toward this collective end. In determining how to act, individuals must consider collective or reliably coordinated action as well as the chance of triggering significant change through adding to aggregated individual actions. The account does not automatically require “taking up the slack” for obstructive individuals and institutions—it will often mandate cooperating to increase compliance—but is complicated by the need to adjust for unwilling duty bearers.
Transnational Arbitration Law
Authors: Grisel Florian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter suggests how transnational legal theory provides a relevant analytical frame to capture the norms, actors and processes of international arbitration. The chapter first examines the long-standing academic debates over lex mercatoria before turning to the dominant sociolegal analysis of international arbitration. Both examples illustrate the extent to which the analytical frames furnished by legal scholars are grounded in representations that ought to be transcended for a better understanding of the global world. The notion of transnational law provides a useful analytical frame to reconsider these debates under a new light and to open new avenues for future research.
Religion
Authors: Vettori Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the way in which Dante forges an original form of religiosity in his work by embracing Franciscan and apocalyptic ideas. It focuses on three aspects: the prophetic spirit that animates Dante’s critique of the Church and his call for spiritual renewal; his emphasis on the transformative power of prayer and its role in the poet’s construction of his spiritual authority; and the celebration of the female role in salvation through the figures of Lady Poverty and Beatrice. Franciscan thought on Poverty, from Joachim of Flora to radicals such as Ubertino da Casale and Peter John Olivi, informs Dante’s theological (but also political and spiritual) reflections on religion. Moreover, Dante’s personal exile becomes a metaphor for Christian peregrinations on earth, a figura of homo viator’s pilgrimage toward the final destination in the afterlife.
Literary Evidence
Authors: Urbainczyk Theresa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Information about slaveries in Greek and Roman antiquity appears in almost all genres of non-fiction: histories, biographies, political and philosophical treatises, speeches, letters, agricultural manuals, and works on estate management. The amount of surviving evidence, however, is comparatively small and unrepresentative, produced by slave owners with typically little interest in slaves for their own sake. There are no surviving non-fiction literary accounts by slaves. Even when slavery is discussed, it is often only ancillary to other issues. The evidence therefore leaves serious gaps in our knowledge. Ancient accounts also often fail to mention slaves who were almost certainly present, or mention them only in passing. One compensation is that non-fiction works do shed light on how writers view slaves in contexts in which they are not trying to prove anything, in contrast to accounts in which slavery and slaves form the direct focus, accounts probably subject to more distortion.
Determining the effects of manganese source and level on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing–finishing pigs
Authors: Kerkaert Hayden R , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Dritz Steve S , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , Manzke Naiana E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Mn source and level on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of Mn source (MnSO4; Eurochem, Veracruz, Mexico, or Mn hydroxychloride (IBM); Micronutrients, Indianapolis, IN) and increasing added Mn (8, 16, and 32 mg/kg of complete diet). The trace mineral premix was formulated without added Mn. Copper was added to all diets at 10 and 150 mg/kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In both experiments, 1,994 pigs (PIC; 337 × 1050; initially 34.5 ± 0.50 and 40.0 ± 0.77 kg) were used with 27 pigs per pen and 12 replicates per treatment. Diets were corn-soybean meal-distillers dried grains with solubles-based and were fed in four phases. In Exp. 1, there was a marginal Mn source × level interaction (quadratic, Ρ = 0.057) for overall feed efficiency (G:F), with a decrease then increase in pigs fed IBM, but G:F increased with increasing Mn from MnSO4. There was no evidence for Mn source differences for average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), or body weight (BW), but pigs fed 16 mg/kg Mn, regardless of source, tended to have decreased (quadratic, Ρ &lt; 0.05) ADG and final BW compared with other levels. For carcass yield, there was a tendency for Mn source × level interaction (quadratic, Ρ = 0.075), where carcass yield did not change by increasing MnSO4 but was greatest for 16 mg/kg Mn from IBM. Loin depth increased (source × level, Ρ = 0.041) for pigs fed increasing Mn from MnSO4 but decreased when Mn was increased from IBM. Pigs fed the intermediate level of Mn tended to have the lightest HCW (quadratic, Ρ = 0.071) and decreased loin depth (quadratic, Ρ = 0.044). Liver Mn concentration increased (linear, Ρ = 0.015) as added Mn increased and tended to be greater (P = 0.075) when supplied by MnSO4 compared with IBM. In Exp. 2, there was no (P &gt; 0.10) Mn source × level interaction observed for ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Pigs fed IBM had increased (P &lt; 0.05) final BW, ADG, and ADFI compared with pigs fed MnSO4. Pigs fed 16 mg/kg of Mn tended (P = 0.088) to have reduced ADFI when compared with pigs fed 8 and 32 mg/kg of Mn. In conclusion, there appears to be little benefit in growth performance by feeding more than 8 mg/kg of added Mn. When high levels of Cu were fed in Exp. 2, pigs fed IBM had improved growth performance when compared with those fed MnSO4. Further research is needed to understand the potential benefits of Mn hydroxychloride fed in conjunction with high levels of Cu on pig growth performance.
Smallholder Cassava Planting Material Movement and Grower Behavior in Zambia: Implications for the Management of Cassava Virus Diseases
Authors: Szyniszewska Anna Maria , Chikoti Patrick Chiza , Tembo Mathias , Mulenga Rabson , Gilligan Christopher Aidan , van den Bosch Frank , McQuaid Christopher Finn 
Published: April 2021

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is an important food crop across sub-Saharan Africa, where production is severely inhibited by two viral diseases, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), both propagated by a whitefly vector and via human-mediated movement of infected cassava stems. There is limited information on growers’ behavior related to movement of planting material, as well as growers’ perception and awareness of cassava diseases, despite the importance of these factors for disease control. This study surveyed a total of 96 cassava subsistence growers and their fields across five provinces in Zambia between 2015 and 2017 to address these knowledge gaps. CMD symptoms were observed in 81.6% of the fields, with an average incidence of 52% across the infected fields. No CBSD symptoms were observed. Most growers used planting materials from their own (94%) or nearby (<10 km) fields of family and friends, although several large transactions over longer distances (10 to 350 km) occurred with friends (15 transactions), markets (1), middlemen (5), and nongovernmental organizations (6). Information related to cassava diseases and certified clean (disease-free) seed reached only 48% of growers. The most frequent sources of information related to cassava diseases included nearby friends, family, and neighbors, while extension workers were the most highly preferred source of information. These data provide a benchmark on which to plan management approaches to controlling CMD and CBSD, which should include clean propagation material, increasing growers’ awareness of the diseases, and increasing information provided to farmers (specifically disease symptom recognition and disease management options). [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Treatment of a Complex Abdominal Wound with Vitamin C and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Prentice David Andrew , Pearson Wendy Ann , Fogarty Janice 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDSv) can present with life-threatening surgical complications. The article describes the case of a patient with EDSv who developed total abdominal wound dehiscence and multiple enterocutaneous fistulas. Treatment with IV allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and high-dose vitamin C was trialed with success. Near-complete wound healing of the abdominal dehiscence with a 94% reduction in the size of the wound bed occurred. Maturation of the enterocutaneous fistulas also ensued.
There is no current consensus on the management of large cutaneous wounds in EDSv. This article discusses the pathophysiology of wound healing with regard to nutrition requirements and growth factors with special reference to collagen deficits in EDSv. A potential therapy with IV vitamin C supplementation and MSCs is proposed following the patient’s positive outcome. Medium-dose MSCs and high-dose IV vitamin C may offer significant benefits to complex and problematic wounds.
Exposure Provided by the Gibson Versus the Kocher–Langenbeck Approaches With and Without Trochanteric Osteotomy: A Cadaveric Mapping Study
Authors: Mitchell Phillip M. , Labrum Joseph T. , Beltran Michael J. , Collinge Cory A. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To determine if prevalent approaches in acetabular fracture surgery provide enhanced anterior and cranial exposure in a cadaveric model.

Methods:
A Kocher–Langenbeck (K-L) approach (followed by a Gibson approach on the contralateral hip) was performed in the lateral position on 8 cadavers. A Steinmann pin was used to create holes outlining the bony surfaces available for instrumentation before and after a trochanteric osteotomy. All soft tissue was then removed from the pelvis, and a calibrated digital picture was taken. The surface area of the pelvis visualized through each approach was calculated and compared with the contralateral side to assess for a difference in exposure between the Gibson approach and the K–L approach. An increase in exposure of greater than 10% was considered significant. The extent of anterior exposure (with and without a trochanteric osteotomy) was then measured from the greater sciatic notch.

Results:
In 2 of 8 cadavers (25%), the Gibson approach yielded an increase in exposure when compared with a K-L approach. The addition of a trochanteric osteotomy yielded on average 1.6 cm (range, 0.7–2.6 cm) of increased anterior exposure in the K-L approaches and 1.5 cm (range 0.9–3.1 cm) in the Gibson approaches.

Conclusion:
The Gibson approach did not reliably provide increased anterior exposure compared with a K-L approach in a cadaver model. A trochanteric osteotomy can be expected to add 1–2 cm of increased anterior exposure in both approaches.
Staged Knee Arthrodesis Using Unilateral Locked Compression Plating: A Treatment for Recurrent Chronic Knee Infection
Authors: Friedman Lisa G.M. , Rothberg David , Horwitz Daniel S. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The treatment following massive infection of the knee remains a difficult problem with above knee amputation and knee fusion being available treatment options when revision arthroplasty is no longer possible. We present a series of 12 patients who underwent fusion using a staged protocol.

Methods:
The patients underwent a first stage involving removal of implants, debridement, and placement of an antibiotic space over a tibial nail. Stage II involved removal of the spacer and nail by fragmenting the cement, and re-debridement. A laterally based locked compression plate was used to achieve fusion.

Results:
There were no intraoperative complications. All patients achieved radiographic fusion. The average limb length discrepancy was 2.6 cm. Five patients required further surgery: 1 for drainage of a postoperative hematoma, 3 for persistent infectious symptoms, and 2 for implant irritation. At final follow-up 1 patient had persistent infection and was unable to ambulate. All other patients returned to ambulation with 4 utilizing assistive devices at final follow-up.

Conclusion:
Failed, infected total knee arthroplasty is a challenging problem without an easy solution. A variety of techniques for knee arthrodesis, including intramedullary nailing and external fixation have been described with a wide success rate ranging from 20% to 100%. Few studies have examined compression plating to achieve knee arthrodesis. The use a 2-stage, single locked compression plate technique to achieve arthrodesis for the treatment of chronic infection after failed revision total knee arthroplasty can be a highly successful approach to a very challenging problem.
Efficacy and safety of abdominal acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Meinian , Zhang Haitao , Peng Guanrong , Sun Xiaobo , Zhu Xingyang , Zeng Yirong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a disease based on degenerative pathological changes. Most commonly seen in the elderly and is one of Kenn's leading causes, its symptoms include swollen knees, pain in walking up and downstairs. If left untreated, it can lead to joint deformity and disability. Many clinical studies have reported that abdominal acupuncture has a good effect on KOA treatment, but there is no relevant systematic review. So the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of abdominal acupuncture in treating KOA.

Methods:
The following 8 electronic databases will be searched, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literatures Database (CBM) from their inception to November 1, 2020 without any restrictions. Researchers retrieve the literature and extracted the data, evaluation of research methods, quality of literature. The outcomes will include a Visual Analogue Scale. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, total effective rate, incidence of any adverse events. We use the Cochrane Risk of a bias assessment tool to evaluate methodological qualities. Data synthesis will be completed by RevMan 5.3.0.

Results:
We will show the results of this study in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis will provide reliable evidence for abdominal acupuncture treatment of KOA.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY2020110020.