bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The iron content of healthy diets for one day for breastfed babies and young children
Authors: Leonard Dympna , Buettner Petra , McDermott Robyn , Makrides Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsEarly childhood anaemia due to iron deficiency is widespread in remote communities across northern Australia. Current recommendations for healthy food to complement breastfeeding at age 6 to 23 months include iron‐rich and iron‐enriched foods. An electronic nutrient analysis was undertaken to assess the iron content of hypothetical healthy diets for breastfed babies and young children aged 6 to 23 months in Australia, in comparison with their estimated requirements.MethodsHypothetical diets for 1 day were developed that were consistent with the Foundation Diets for breastfed infants 6 to 12 months and for toddlers 13 to 23 months. Nutrient content was derived using the Australian Food Composition database in FoodWorks 10. The iron content of these two diets were compared with Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs) for iron for infants aged 7 to 12 months and children aged 1 to 3 years.ResultsThe iron content of the hypothetical diet for breastfed infants aged 6 to 12 months (5.8 mg) was less than the EAR (7 mg, 83%) and the RDI (11 mg, 53%). For young breastfed children aged 13 to 23 months, the iron content of the hypothetical diet was 4.4 mg; above the EAR (4 mg, 110%) but less than RDI (9 mg, 49%).ConclusionsBreastfeeding has health and neurodevelopmental benefits for infants and young children that are particularly important in remote Australia where food insecurity and poor nutrition compromise health and wellbeing. Adequate iron intake is also important for neurodevelopment in early life but healthy diets for breastfed babies and young children may have insufficient iron content to meet requirements. The upcoming revision of the Australian Dietary Guidelines provides an opportunity to consider this issue.
Gonadal development and biochemical composition of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) from four sources
Authors: Wang Shihui , Wang YingZe , Wu Xugan , Zhang Xubin , Zhao Jinshan , Yang Jingming , Cheng Yongxu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe gonadal development; edible tissue ratio; and proximate, fatty acid, and free amino acid composition were examined and compared among Eriocheir sinensis samples from four sources. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of Heilongjiang (HLJ) crabs was significantly higher than that of the other crabs from September to October (P < 0.05). Of all the edible tissues of E. sinensis, HLJ crab had the highest linolenic acid (18:3n3, LNA) and arachidonic acid (20:4n6, ARA) contents (P < 0.05), while Qinghai (QH) crab had the highest eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3, EPA) content (P < 0.05). The highest docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3, DHA) and DHA/EPA contents were observed in Shandong (SD) crabs (P < 0.05), and the highest linoleic acid (18:2n6, LA) content was found in Shanghai (SH) crabs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, E. sinensis inhabiting relatively low‐temperature regions (northern China) can initiate gonadal development earlier, and the quality of E. sinensis living in paddies and lakes is better than that of crabs living in ponds.
Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of pentachlorophenol in livestock, poultry, and aquatic foods marketed in Guangdong Province, China: Based on food monitoring data from 2015 to 2018
Authors: Zhou Quan , Wu Wei‐Liang , Lin Chang‐Qin , Liang Hui , Long Chao‐Yang , Lv Fen , Pan Jia‐Liang , Liu Zhi‐Ting , Wang Bo‐Yuan , Yang Xing‐Fen , Deng Xiao‐Ling , Jiang Ai‐Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs a persistent organic pollutant, pentachlorophenol (PCP) has serious impacts on human health. However, its presence in animal source food products sold in the Guangdong Province (GD) of China, and the resultant dietary exposure have not been elucidated. To address this gap, 3,100 samples from seven food categories, including beef, pork, mutton, offals, broilers, hen eggs, and farmed freshwater fish, marketed throughout four geographical regions of GD, were collected from 2015 to 2018. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to detect PCP levels in these food matrices. PCP was found in all food categories, but the average contamination levels were low, ranging from 0.40 µg/kg wet weight (ww) (hen eggs) to 5.85 µg/kg ww (offals). However, higher concentrations of PCP were detected (P < 0.05) in animal source food from the North region. Additionally, a temporal declining trend was observed in this four‐year consecutive survey. The estimated human dietary exposure of PCP to population groups, including the general population and subgroups (male and female, children, and adults), was found to be far below the permissible daily intake (3 µg/kg body weight). Therefore, the health impacts of PCP should be correspondingly low for local residents, based on current toxicological knowledge. Regional exposure patterns varied due to different extents of contamination in the four areas, and pork, broilers, and freshwater fish were the major sources of dietary PCP exposure.Practical ApplicationAs a persistent organic pollutant, pentachlorophenol (PCP) has serious impacts on human health. However, its presence in animal source food products sold in Guangdong Province of China, and the resultant dietary exposure have not been elucidated. In this study, we conducted an in‐depth investigation on the occurrence of PCP in major foodstuff categories, including beef, pork, mutton, broilers, offals, hen eggs, and farmed freshwater fish, marketed in all 21 prefecture‐level divisions of Guangdong Province, in order to provide integral insights for regulatory authorities.
Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: What are the Benefits for SMEs?
Authors: Amuso Valentina , Poletti Giuliano , Montibello Donato 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtended reality (XR) has the potential to be a game‐changer for SMEs. It can enhance competitiveness while supporting sustainable development and labour safety. The outbreak of COVID‐19 has further forced businesses to reflect on how technology might spur creativity and how innovation can affect their future survival. XR can facilitate product development, training, marketing and problem‐solving. We argue that policy should focus on increasing XR awareness in SMEs. Diffusion of XR is also contingent on R&D teams’ ability to exploit cultural assets to allow SMEs to take full advantage of their potential.
Delayed onset of mediastinitis with tracheomediastinal fistula following endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration; A case report
Authors: Jang Jong Geol , Ahn June Hong , Lee Seok Soo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInfectious complications after endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) are rare but serious. Here, we report a very rare case of delayed onset of mediastinitis with tracheomediastinal fistula after EBUS‐TBNA. Surgical debridement was performed, antibiotics were administered, and the postoperative course of the patient was good. Careful monitoring is needed to prevent the possible development of infectious complications after EBUS‐TBNA.
Natural history note: Urban domestic gardens support nesting populations of the native bee Leioproctus (Leioproctus) plumosus
Authors: Prendergast Kit S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe nesting habits of many Australian native bees are poorly known, with observations of nests being few and far in between. Here, I report three independent nesting aggregations of a native colletid bee Leioproctus (Leioproctus) plumosus, accompanied by videos of its nesting behaviour and photographs of its nesting substrate. These discoveries were made possible through the citizen science group ‘Bees in the burbs’. Despite extensive surveys in the region, the only nesting occurrences of L. plumosus have been found in domestic gardens, all in highly urbanised areas. With this species more frequently encountered in residential gardens, this suggests that despite evidence of ground‐nesting bees being relatively disadvantaged by urban development due to replacement of bare ground with impervious surfaces, this species is able to still use residential areas for nesting. I propose potential explanations for this phenomenon, which includes new observations of commonly foraging on Callistemon – a popular tree in gardens and on nature strips. That this native bee’s nests appear to be associated with residential gardens provides both opportunities to engage citizen scientists in documenting and preserving native bee populations, but also indicates the threat ongoing urban development may pose.
Research in the retirement village community—The problems of recruiting a representative cohort of residents in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Joseph Connolly Martin , Hikaka Joanna , Bloomfield Katherine , Broad Joanna , Wu Zhenqiang , Boyd Michal , Peri Kathy , Calvert Cheryl , Tatton Annie , Higgins Ann‐Marie , Bramley Dale 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesRetirement villages are semi‐closed communities, access usually being gained via village managers. This paper explores issues recruiting a representative resident cohort, as background to a study of residents, to acquire sociodemographic, health and disability data and trial an intervention designed to improve outcomes.MethodsWe planned approaching all Auckland/Waitematā District villages and, via managers, contacting residents (‘letter‐drop’; ‘door‐knocks’). In ‘small’ villages (n ≤ 60 units), we planned contacting all residents, randomly selecting in ‘larger’ villages. We excluded those with doubtful or absent legal capacity.ResultsWe approached managers of 53 of 65 villages. Thirty‐four permitted recruitment. Some prohibited ‘letter‐drops’ and/or ‘door‐knocks’. Hence, we recruited volunteers (23 villages) via meetings, posters, newsletters and word‐of‐mouth, that is representative sampling obtained from 11/34 villages. We recruited 578 residents (median age = 82 years; 420 = female; 217:361 sampled:volunteers), finding differences in baseline parameters of sampled vs. volunteers.ConclusionDue to organisational/managers’ policy, and national legislation restrictions, our sample does not represent our intended population well. Researchers should investigate alternative data sources, for example electoral rolls and censuses.
Women’s satisfaction with and ongoing use of hormonal long‐acting methods compared to the oral contraceptive pill: Findings from an Australian general practice cluster randomised trial (ACCORd)
Authors: Black Kirsten I. , McGeechan Kevin , Watson Cathy J. , Lucke Jayne , Taft Angela , McNamee Kathleen , Haas Marion , Peipert Jeffrey F. , Mazza Danielle 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe Australian Contraceptive ChOice pRoject (ACCORd) aimed to assess the impact of a complex general practice intervention on the uptake of long‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARC).AimsUsing survey data from enrolled women, we aimed to compare the ongoing use and satisfaction of women who chose one of the hormonal LARC methods including the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) or levonorgestrel implant compared to the oral contraceptive pill (OCP).Materials and MethodsWe used the data from participants’ baseline, six and 12‐month surveys to identify new users of implants, LNG‐IUS or OCP. We included demographic information, ongoing use of the contraceptive method, reasons for dissatisfaction and discontinuation and experience of side‐effects. Proportions were compared using χ2 tests.ResultsOf the 740 women enrolled in ACCORd, 176 started using a hormonal LARC or OCP in the study’s first six months with 76 using the IUS (43%), 60 the implant (34%) and 40 (23%) the OCP. Twelve‐month continuation rates for the LNG‐IUS, implant and OCP were 93, 83 and 65% respectively (P < 0.001). Satisfaction was highest among the LNG‐IUS users; 86% were very/somewhat satisfied compared to 75% of implant users and 61% of OCP users (P < 0.001). Main reasons for method dissatisfaction were irregular bleeding and mood changes which were similar for all methods.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence that hormonal LARC methods have higher continuation and satisfaction rates compared to the OCP with similar side‐effects. Since hormonal LARC methods have the highest contraceptive efficacy, these should be offered first‐line to women.
IVF add‐ons in Australia and New Zealand: A systematic assessment of IVF clinic websites
Authors: Lensen Sarah , Chen Sheng , Goodman Lucy , Rombauts Luk , Farquhar Cindy , Hammarberg Karin 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIn vitro fertilisation (IVF) ‘add‐ons’ are extra (non‐essential) procedures, techniques or medicines, which usually claim to increase the chance of a successful IVF outcome. Use of IVF add‐ons is believed to be widespread in many settings; however, information about add‐on availability in Australasia is lacking.AimsTo understand which add‐ons are advertised on Australasian IVF clinic websites, and what is the evidence for their benefit.Materials and MethodsA systematic assessment of website content was undertaken between December 2019–April 2020, capturing IVF add‐ons advertised, including costs, claims of benefit, statements of risk or limitations, and evidence of effectiveness for improving live birth and pregnancy. A literature review assessed the strength and quality of evidence for each add‐on.ResultsOf the 40 included IVF clinics websites, 31 (78%) listed one or more IVF add‐ons. A total of 21 different add‐ons or add‐on groups were identified, the most common being preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (offered by 63% of clinics), time‐lapse systems (33%) and assisted hatching (28%). In most cases (77%), descriptions of the IVF add‐ons were accompanied by claims of benefit. Most claims (90%) were not quantified and very few referenced scientific publications to support the claims (9.8%). None of the add‐ons were supported by high‐quality evidence of benefit for pregnancy or live birth rates. The cost of IVF add‐ons varied from $0 to $3700 (AUD/NZD).ConclusionsThere is widespread advertising of add‐ons on IVF clinic websites, which report benefits for add‐ons that are not supported by high‐quality evidence.
β‐blockers and ACE inhibitors are not a risk factor for severe systemic sting reactions and adverse events during venom immunotherapy
Authors: Sturm Gunter Johannes , Herzog Sereina Annik , Aberer Werner , Alfaya Arias Teresa , Antolín‐Amérigo Darío , Bonadonna Patrizia , Boni Elisa , Bożek Andrzej , Chełmińska Marta , Ernst Barbara , Frelih Nina , Gawlik Radoslaw , Gelincik Asli , Hawranek Thomas , Hoetzenecker Wolfram , Jiménez Blanco Aránzazu , Kita Karolina , Kendirlinan Reşat , Košnik Mitja , Laipold Karin , Lang Roland , Marchi Francesco , Mauro Marina , Nittner‐Marszalska Marita , Poziomkowska‐Gęsicka Iwona , Pravettoni Valerio , Preziosi Donatella , Quercia Oliviero , Reider Norbert , Rosiek‐Biegus Marta , Ruiz‐Leon Berta , Schrautzer Christoph , Serrano Pilar , Sin Aytül , Sin Betül Ayşe , Stoevesandt Johanna , Trautmann Axel , Vachová Martina , Arzt‐Gradwohl Lisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is controversy whether taking β‐blockers or ACE inhibitors (ACEI) is a risk factor for more severe systemic insect sting reactions (SSR) and whether it increases the number or severity of adverse events (AE) during venom immunotherapy (VIT).MethodsIn this open, prospective, observational, multicenter trial, we recruited patients with a history of a SSR and indication for VIT. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether patients taking β‐blockers or ACEI show more systemic AE during VIT compared to patients without such treatment.ResultsIn total, 1,425 patients were enrolled and VIT was performed in 1,342 patients. Of all patients included, 388 (27.2%) took antihypertensive (AHT) drugs (10.4% took β‐blockers, 11.9% ACEI, 5.0% β‐blockers and ACEI). Only 5.6% of patients under AHT treatment experienced systemic AE during VIT as compared with 7.4% of patients without these drugs (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.43–1.22, p = 0.25). The severity of the initial sting reaction was not affected by the intake of β‐blockers or ACEI (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.89–1.46, p = 0.29). In total, 210 (17.7%) patients were re‐stung during VIT and 191 (91.0%) tolerated the sting without systemic symptoms. Of the 19 patients with VIT treatment failure, 4 took β‐blockers, none an ACEI.ConclusionsThis trial provides robust evidence that taking β‐blockers or ACEI does neither increase the frequency of systemic AE during VIT nor aggravate SSR. Moreover, results suggest that these drugs do not impair effectiveness of VIT. (Funded by Medical University of Graz, Austria; Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT04269629).
Pre‐oxygenation using high‐flow nasal oxygen vs. tight facemask during rapid sequence induction
Authors: Sjöblom A. , Broms J. , Hedberg M. , Lodenius Å. , Furubacke A. , Henningsson R. , Wiklund A. , Nabecker S. , Theiler L. , Jonsson Fagerlund M. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryPre‐oxygenation using high‐flow nasal oxygen can decrease the risk of desaturation during rapid sequence induction in patients undergoing emergency surgery. Previous studies were single‐centre and often in limited settings. This randomised, international, multicentre trial compared high‐flow nasal oxygen with standard facemask pre‐oxygenation for rapid sequence induction in emergency surgery at all hours of the day and night. A total of 350 adult patients from six centres in Sweden and one in Switzerland undergoing emergency surgery where rapid sequence induction was required were included and randomly allocated to pre‐oxygenation with 100% oxygen using high‐flow nasal oxygen or a standard tight‐fitting facemask. The primary outcome was the number of patients developing oxygen saturations <93% from the start of pre‐oxygenation until 1 min after tracheal intubation. Data from 349 of 350 patients who entered the study were analysed (174 in the high‐flow nasal oxygen group and 175 in the facemask group). No difference was detected in the number of patients desaturating <93%, five (2.9%) vs. six (3.4%) patients in the high‐flow nasal oxygen and facemask group, respectively (p = 0.77). The risk of desaturation was not increased during on‐call hours. No difference was seen in end‐tidal carbon dioxide levels in the first breath after tracheal intubation or in the number of patients with signs of regurgitation between groups. These results confirm that high‐flow nasal oxygen maintains adequate oxygen levels during pre‐oxygenation for rapid sequence induction.
Safety of ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly
Authors: Cao Junning , Liu Bo , Shi Jihang , Meng Xuan , Zhang Hangyu , Pan Yingwei , Lu Shichun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to retrospectively analyse the safety of ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ALC) and identify risk factors for delayed discharge after ALC in the elderly.MethodsConsecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo ALC were assigned to the elderly group (age ≥ 65 years) or the non‐elderly group. The primary outcome was postoperative discharge within 24 h (D24). Secondary outcomes were perioperative mortality, reasons for delayed discharge (psychosocial reasons (DP), complications (DC), drainage (DD) and conversion to open surgery (DCO)), intraoperative data and readmission within 30 days after discharge (readmission). Differences were statistically significant when P < 0.05.ResultsThere were 7657 patients assigned to the elderly group (n = 1143) or the non‐elderly group (n = 6514). The differences between elderly patients and non‐elderly patients in the operation time (51.0 (37.0–70.0) versus 50.0 (35.0–65.0) min), blood loss (10.0 (5.0–10.0) versus 5.0 (5.0–10.0) mL), D24 (75.5% versus 81.7%) and DD (7.8% versus 3.2%) were statistically significant (P < 0.05, respectively). The differences between elderly patients and non‐elderly patients in DP (8.2% versus 6.7%), DC (7.8% versus 7.9%), DCO (0.7% versus 0.5%) and readmission (0.5% versus 0.4%) were not statistically significant (P > 0.05, respectively). Independent risk factors for delayed discharge after ALC in the elderly were male sex, octogenarian status, prolonged operation time, arrhythmia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, a previous operation in the upper abdomen, acute inflammation of gallbladder and a gallbladder wall thicker than 3 mm (P < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionALC in the elderly is feasible and safe.
On Doing Relational Research: Participatory Mapping as an Emergent Research Process
Authors: Atia Mona , Doherty Grace 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn approach conceived in the field and fine‐tuned later, we discuss our “emergent research process” as a way to do relational research. Inspired by critical cartography, we conducted an evolving series of participatory mapping workshops to complement ongoing research on poverty in rural Morocco. Through an iterative expansion in the scope of work and methods used, we broadened our field of inquiry and made discoveries that departed from our original research question. This process brought to light “emergent insights” that we and our interlocutors strategically reconstructed into data that challenged the status quo and challenged decision‐makers to recognise the importance of remoteness as a critical dimension of poverty. Conducting relational geographical research using an emergent workflow entailed expanding definitions of fieldwork and combining methods in ways that summoned us to rethink the boundaries of our own field of inquiry and speak back to dominant spatial ontologies of poverty.
Three Foodbanks in a Decade of Austerity: Foodbank Affective Atmospheres
Authors: Denning Stephanie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoverty in the UK continues to rise, making it more important than ever to understand lived experiences of poverty. This paper responds to a gap in understanding collective experiences of poverty by analysing the affective atmospheres at three foodbanks in two British cities in 2014 and 2019. Drawing on ethnographies at the three foodbanks, it approaches affective atmospheres through Spinoza and a focus on capacity: the capacity of clients to be in a situation different to that of their current experience of food poverty; and the capacity of foodbank volunteers and managers in terms of how they desired the foodbank to be run. Overall, the paper argues that affective atmospheres at the foodbanks were formed by an ever‐changing relation between these capacities through the past, present, and anticipated future, and the ongoing context of austerity.