bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelectrochemical enzymatic penicillin biosensor: A proof‐of‐concept experiment
Authors: Welden Rene , Komesu Cindy A. Nagamine , Wagner Patrick H. , Schöning Michael J. , Wagner Torsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors are a rather novel type of biosensors that utilize light to provide information about the composition of an analyte, enabling light‐controlled multi‐analyte measurements. For enzymatic PEC biosensors, amperometric detection principles are already known in the literature. In contrast, there is only a little information on H+‐ion sensitive PEC biosensors. In this work, we demonstrate the detection of H+ ions emerged by H+‐generating enzymes, exemplarily demonstrated with penicillinase as a model enzyme on a titanium dioxide photoanode. First, we describe the pH sensitivity of the sensor and study possible photoelectrocatalytic reactions with penicillin. Second, we show the enzymatic PEC detection of penicillin.
The impact of wind‐waves and sea level rise on the morphodynamics of a sandy estuarine shoal
Authors: Zheng J. , Elmilady H. , Röbke B.R. , Taal M. , Wang Z.B. , van Prooijen B.C. , de Vet P.L.M. , van der Wegen M. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIntertidal shoals are pronounced morphological features found in many estuaries worldwide. Apart from maintaining an ecologically unique intertidal environment, shoals also protect adjacent dyke systems by attenuating waves. The fate of sandy shoals under anticipated sea level rise (SLR) scenarios is underexplored.The current research investigates the long‐term morphodynamic evolution of estuarine sandy shoals under forcing by short fetch, locally generated wind‐waves, tides, and SLR by means of a numerical, process‐based model (Delft3D). The focus lies on a sheltered shoal complex in the Western Scheldt, the Netherlands. Starting from the initial, 1963 bathymetry, we model 50‐year morphodynamic development with schematized wind‐wave forcing. We analyze in detail the impact of locally generated wind‐waves on shoal formation. Finally, we impose regional SLR of 1.10 m and 1.95 m for 100 years.Model results show that, on the spatial scale of intertidal flats, small, locally generated wind‐waves lower and widen the shoals while the adjacent channels deepen. However, on the estuarine system scale, wind‐waves do not lead to fundamentally different channel–shoal patterns and morphodynamic evolution trends. This suggests that channel–shoal formation is mainly due to tide residual sediment transports, with wind‐waves playing a secondary role. SLR leads to a notable intertidal area loss, despite a continuous heightening of the shoals, implying that morphodynamic adaptation lags behind SLR. The inclusion of wind‐waves does not fundamentally change the reaction of the estuarine shoal to SLR. Future research may focus on exploring the impact of including multiple sediment classes.
LearningCC: An online learning approach for congestion control
Authors: Zhang Songyang , Lei Weimin , Zhang Wei , Guan Yunchong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is noticed that traditional loss based algorithms are not moving data very well in today's Internet. To get bottleneck bandwidth fully utilized, these algorithms will keep increasing the congestion window and maintain a standing queue of packets in routers, which cause large end to end latency. Such long latency is quite annoying to these ever growing delay sensitive applications. Recently, much effort has been devoted by researchers from both academia and industry to design better congestion control protocols and make a better Internet. In this article, we present an online learning based approach named LearningCC for congestion control. Instead of adjusting the congestion window with fixed rule as these traditional algorithms do, there are several options for an endpoint to choose. Each option is mapped as an arm of a bandit machine. The exploration and exploitation scheme is used to guide the selection on congestion window update rule. Through trial and error, an endpoint improves its performance by choosing action with better reward. Experiments are conducted on ns3 platform to verify the effectiveness of LearningCC. Results indicate it achieves lower transmission delay than loss based algorithms. Especially, we found LearningCC makes significant throughput improvement in link suffering from random loss.
Incorporation of high fructose corn syrup with different fructose levels into biscuit: An assessment of physicochemical and textural properties
Authors: Ershadi Arash , Azizi Mohammad Hossein , Najafian Leila 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examined the effects of different concentrations of high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS, 28%, 44%, 55%) used in biscuit formulation on the hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) acrylamide content, and textural properties were investigated and compared with invert sugar and sucrose‐incorporated samples. No significant difference in the chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein, and ash) among different samples was noted based on the results. The highest L* was associated with a control sample containing sugar and invert sugar, although an increase in F55 content decreased the L* value significantly (p < .05). The highest hardness value was correlated with control samples (6.5 N), although the sample with 12.5% F42 and 25% F55 demonstrated lower hardness 6.27 N, and the lowest hardness value (3.97 N) was related to the sample containing 12.5% F42 and 25% F28. The amounts of water activity of all samples were in the range of 0.22 to 0.29, with the highest amount related to the control sample. The SEM images showed a uniform surface with several holes for all the biscuits. The highest and lowest (HMF) levels were related to the samples containing 25% F55 (46.04) and 12.5% F42 with 2.36 ppm. The control sample with the acrylamide amount of 28.50 ppb and the sample containing 12.5% F42 and 25% F55 with the acrylamide amount of 27.33 ppb showed the highest acrylamide content.
‘That house was a home’: Qualitative evidence from New Zealand on the connections between rental housing eviction and poor health outcomes
Authors: Chisholm Elinor , Bierre Sarah , Davies Cheryl , Howden‐Chapman Philippa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIssue addressedEviction, or a forced move from rental housing, is a common experience for New Zealand renters, yet we know very little about its effects. This research investigated how eviction affects people's lives and health.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 27 people who had experienced eviction. We coded the transcripts and grouped them into themes using template analysis.ResultsParticipant experienced grief at the loss of the home. Moving out and searching for a new home was highly stressful on participants and on their relationships. After being evicted, people became homeless, often staying with family and friends and lived in poor quality or unaffordable housing. They reported health issues as a result of these circumstances.ConclusionsEviction harms health through causing stress, grief and a move to a risky living situation. Increasing the supply of housing and funding wide‐ranging support services can help minimise the harm caused by eviction.So what?Reducing the incidence and impact of eviction should be a priority for health promotion.
Daily streamflow trends in Western versus Eastern Norway and their attribution to hydro‐meteorological drivers
Authors: Skålevåg Amalie , Vormoor Klaus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRegional warming and modifications in precipitation regimes has large impacts on streamflow in Norway, where both rainfall and snowmelt are important runoff generating processes. Hydrological impacts of recent changes in climate are usually investigated by trend analyses applied on annual, seasonal, or monthly time series. None of these detect sub‐seasonal changes and their underlying causes. This study investigated sub‐seasonal changes in streamflow, rainfall, and snowmelt in 61 and 51 catchments respectively in Western (Vestlandet) and Eastern (Østlandet) Norway by applying the Mann–Kendall test and Theil–Sen estimator on 10‐day moving averaged daily time series over a 30‐year period (1983–2012). The relative contribution of rainfall versus snowmelt to daily streamflow and the changes therein have also been estimated to identify the changing relevance of these driving processes over the same period. Detected changes in 10‐day moving averaged daily streamflow were finally attributed to changes in the most important hydro‐meteorological drivers using multiple‐regression models with increasing complexity. Earlier spring flow timing in both regions occur due to earlier snowmelt. Østlandet shows increased summer streamflow in catchments up to 1100 m a.s.l. and slightly increased winter streamflow in about 50% of the catchments. Trend patterns in Vestlandet are less coherent. The importance of rainfall has increased in both regions. Attribution of trends reveals that changes in rainfall and snowmelt can explain some streamflow changes where they are dominant processes (e.g., spring snowmelt in Østlandet and autumn rainfall in Vestlandet). Overall, the detected streamflow changes can be best explained by adding temperature trends as an additional predictor, indicating the relevance of additional driving processes such as increased glacier melt and evapotranspiration.
RNA‐seqAnalysis ofPeri‐ImplantTissue Shows Differences in Immune, Notch, Wnt, and Angiogenesis Pathways in Aged Versus Young Mice
Authors: Turajane Kathleen , Ji Gang , Chinenov Yurii , Chao Max , Ayturk Ugur , Suhardi Vincentius J , Greenblatt Matthew B , Ivashkiv Lionel B , Bostrom Mathias PG , Yang Xu 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe number of total joint replacements (TJRs) in the United States is increasing annually. Cementless implants are intended to improve upon traditional cemented implants by allowing bone growth directly on the surface to improve implant longevity. One major complication of TJR is implant loosening, which is related to deficient osseointegration in cementless TJRs. Although poor osseointegration in aged patients is typically attributed to decreased basal bone mass, little is known about the molecular pathways that compromise the growth of bone onto porous titanium implants. To identify the pathways important for osseointegration that are compromised by aging, we developed an approach for transcriptomic profiling of peri‐implant tissue in young and aged mice using our murine model of osseointegration. Based on previous findings of changes of bone quality associated with aging, we hypothesized that aged mice have impaired activation of bone anabolic pathways at the bone‐implant interface. We found that pathways most significantly downregulated in aged mice relative to young mice are related to angiogenic, Notch, and Wnt signaling. Downregulation of these pathways is associated with markedly increased expression of inflammatory and immune genes at the bone‐implant interface in aged mice. These results identify osseointegration pathways affected by aging and suggest that an increased inflammatory response in aged mice may compromise peri‐implant bone healing. Targeting the Notch and Wnt pathways, promoting angiogenesis, or modulating the immune response at the peri‐implant site may enhance osseointegration and improve the outcome of joint replacement in older patients. © 2021 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Emetine exerts anticancer effects in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells via activation of p38 and inhibition of ERK, JNK, and β‐catenin signaling pathways
Authors: Son Juhyeon , Lee Sang Yeol 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone neoplasm that is highly malignant. As advances in chemotherapy for the treatment of OS have stagnated, discovery of new reagents is required. Emetine is a phytochemical which can be isolated from a medicinal herb Cephaelis ipecacuanha and is traditionally used for amoebicides. Previous studies have demonstrated that emetine can possibly be repositioned for use in anticancer reagents. However, any anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of emetine on human OS are not yet well understood. In this study, we analyzed the anticancer effects and involved cellular mechanisms after treatment with emetine to U2OS human OS cells. Emetine significantly reduced both the viability and proliferation, and induced apoptosis via activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐7 in U2OS cells. Emetine effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of U2OS cells. Gelatinase activities of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐9 were reduced by emetine. MMP‐9 was transcriptionally inhibited, while MMP‐2 was posttranscriptionally repressed, via the reduced expression of membrane‐type I‐matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP). p38, which is closely related with induction of apoptosis, was stimulated by emetine. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and β‐catenin, which are linked with expression of MMPs, were downregulated. Emetine exerted anticancer effects on MG63 human OS cells as well. Taken together, our study demonstrated the anticancer and antimetastatic potential of emetine in treating human OS for the first time. It is expected that emetine may be a promising drug candidate to be repositioned for chemotherapy of OS.
Association of systemic inflammation with survival in patients with cancer cachexia: results from a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Zhang Qi , Song Meng‐Meng , Zhang Xi , Ding Jia‐Shan , Ruan Guo‐Tian , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Liu Tong , Yang Ming , Ge Yi‐Zhong , Tang Meng , Li Xiang‐Rui , Qian Liang , Song Chun‐Hua , Xu Hong‐Xia , Shi Han‐Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough systemic inflammation is an important feature of the cancer cachexia, studies on the association between systemic inflammation and prognostic of cancer cachexia are limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with outcome and quality of life for patients with cancer cachexia and investigated any interaction between NLR and the clinical parameters.MethodsThis is a multicentre cohort study of 2612 cancer patients suffering from cachexia diagnosed between June 2012 and December 2019. The main parameters measured were overall survival (OS) time and all‐cause mortality. The association between NLR and all‐cause mortality was evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) and the restricted cubic spline model with a two‐sided P‐value. Optimal stratification was used to solve threshold points. We also evaluated the cross‐classification of NLR for each variable of survival.ResultsOf the 2612 participants diagnosed with cancer cachexia, 1533 (58.7%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 58.7 (11.7) years. Over a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, we observed 1189 deaths. The overall mortality rate for patients with cancer cachexia during the first 12 months was 30.2% (95%CI: 28.4%–32.0%), resulting in a rate of 226.07 events per 1000 patient‐years. An increase in NLR had an inverted L‐shaped dose–response association with all‐cause mortality. The optimal cut‐off point for NLR as a predictor of mortality in cancer patients with cachexia was 3.5. An NLR of 3.5 or greater could independently predict OS (HR, 1.51, 95%CI: 1.33–1.71). These associations were consistent across subtypes of cancer. Several potential effect modifiers were identified including gender, BMI, tumour type, KPS score and albumin in content. Increasing NLRs were independently associated with a worsening in the majority of EORTC QLQ‐C30 domains. Elevated baseline NLR was associated with low response and poor survival in patients treated with immunotherapy.ConclusionsThe baseline NLR status was found to be a significant negative prognostic biomarker for patients with cachexia; this effect was independent of other known prognostic factors.
Effecting change in academic dentistry through small groups
Authors: Noonan Kate E. , Chappelear Hal E. , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectiveThe work of faculty, staff, and students is driven by their alignment with an institution's vision and purpose, as set forth in its strategic plan. Any plan that calls for innovative growth must address certain aspects of organizational culture as roadblocks to success and should foster relationship building to achieve long‐standing progress. This demonstration project investigates a method for effecting change through a Small Group Initiative (SGI).MethodsRepresentatives from faculty and staff were selected by purposive sampling, placed into eight groups of six, and one member of each group was made a facilitator to participate in or facilitate monthly structured discussion‐based meetings for a 1‐year time period. Participants read one chapter a month of 12: The Elements of Great Managing, which corresponds to the Gallup Q12 Employee Engagement survey that each participant completed at the beginning and end of the program.ResultsFindings indicate an overall increase in participant levels of employee engagement and increased levels of personal ownership in regard to the strategic plan after participating in the SGI.ConclusionsMany other institutional efforts aimed at the advancement of school‐wide vision and employee engagement can be cumbersome to implement and require a substantial allocation of resources. The SGI, however, requires minimal resources, limited infringement on regular activity, and minimal direct cost to implement. These factors suggest that the SGI could be tailored to meet specific needs of leadership and may have broad‐based applicability across various academic settings.
Extremal graphs for odd wheels
Authors: Yuan Long‐Tu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor a graph , the Turán number of , denoted by ex, is the maximum number of edges of an ‐vertex ‐free graph. Let denote the maximum number of edges not contained in any monochromatic copy of in a 2‐edge‐coloring of . A wheel is a graph formed by connecting a single vertex to all vertices of a cycle of length . The Turán number of was determined by Simonovits in 1960s. In this paper, we determine ex when is sufficiently large. We also show that, for sufficient large , which confirms a conjecture posed by Keevash and Sudakov for odd wheels.
BrazilClim: The overcoming of limitations of pre‐existing bioclimate data
Authors: Ramoni‐Perazzi Paolo , Passamani Marcelo , Thielen Dirk , Padovani Carlos , Arizapana‐Almonacid Marco Aurelio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpecies distribution modelling has become instrumental in assessing the influence of environmental conditions on the occurrence or abundance of taxa. The set of environmental layers used for this purpose is a crucial aspect, for which different climate‐based (bioclimatic) datasets have been recently developed. These bioclimatic variables result from combinations of precipitation and temperatures surfaces. Here, we explored both the performance and possibility of improving some of the currently available bioclimatic databases, through an evaluation of the precipitation and temperatures surfaces used to generate them. For this purpose, we used a combination of statistic and graphic approaches. We focused on Brazil, not only due to its natural megadiversity, but also due to its continental size and orographic heterogeneity: an excellent ground for refining methods replicable elsewhere. We found a better match between the climatic data measured on‐field and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B43 v7) in the case of precipitation, and the surfaces provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the case of temperatures, sources uncommonly used for species niche modelling. We gauge‐calibrated the best performing surfaces using machine‐learning algorithms and generated corrected surfaces that allowed us to create BrazilClim: a database of bioclimatic variables, based on improved primary surfaces, which will result in more assertive predicted distributions and more actual pictures of the species' ecological requirements for megadiverse Brazil, an approach replicable elsewhere. All primary and bioclimatic surfaces generated for this study may be freely downloaded.
A comparison of strategies for state‐selective coherent Raman excitation
Authors: Stamm Jacob A. , Dantus Marcos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report on the theoretical and experimental evaluation of state‐selective bond activation for coherent Raman spectroscopy and control of chemical reactivity. We compare six different strategies for state‐selective activation using shaped broadband femtosecond laser pulses. Results for a pair of long pulses with different wavelengths are also considered. For each of these approaches, we report on their theoretical and experimental ability to excite a desired vibrational mode while minimizing excitation of other modes including harmonics. We find that the double parabola spectral phase function gives the most intense Raman excitation with 10 cm−1 selectivity with the lowest background. The sinusoidal phase function produces intense Raman excitation with high selectivity but gives a series of harmonic excitations which could hinder selectivity. Implications of this study on several fields ranging from sensing, to controlling chemical reactions, and selective excited state excitation by X‐ray pulses are discussed.
Latent Patterns of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Depression, and Posttraumatic Growth Among Adolescents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhen Rui , Zhou Xiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearchhas shown that posttraumatic reactions can co‐occur in trauma‐exposed individuals. Many studies have assessed the co‐occurring patterns of two types of reactions, but few have assessed the patterns of multiple reactions. To build on existing knowledge, the present study examined co‐occurring patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants (N = 683) were adolescents selected from an area in China severely affected by COVID‐19 who completed the PTSD Checklist, a measure of depression, a PTG inventory, and a cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire. Latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used for the data analyses. The results showed three heterogeneous patterns characterized by growth (n = 248, 36.3%), distress (n = 101, 14.8%), and struggle (n = 334, 48.9%). Positive refocusing and reappraisal were associated with membership in the growth group compared with distress group, OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.75, 0.93] and OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.68, 0.90], whereas rumination, catastrophizing, and “putting into perspective” were associated with membership in the distress group compared with growth group, ORs = 1.15–1.44. These findings suggest that posttraumatic reactions show heterogeneous characteristics: struggle, rather than growth or distress, is common among adolescents during COVID‐19; and distinct cognitive emotional regulation strategies have distinguishing roles in the three patterns of posttraumatic reactions.
Slow and Fast Light through Weak Measurements of Spectral Superoscillations
Authors: Zacharias Thomas , Hareli Liran , Bahabad Alon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSlow and fast light are light pulses moving at group velocities slower or faster than the speed of light in vacuum. Current methods to achieve slow and fast light are based on strong dispersion attainable in resonant systems. By defining slow and fast light based on the arrival of the expectation value of the pulse in time, an alternative route for achieving slow and fast light is experimentally demonstrated where no dispersion engineering is needed and thus can be applicable to any medium and system where light is propagating. The method is based on the phenomenon of superoscillations and entails a weak measurement of the arrival time of a light pulse. The findings can be useful for applications in telecommunication, interferometry, and laser radars.