bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-block model of contracting "subject of the contract – organizational structure of construction – risk distribution"
Authors: Meneilyuk O. , Nikiforov O. , Lukashenko L. 
Published: December 2021

The work contains the results of developing the contracting model for the enterprise of the full investment and construction cycle, depending not only on the subject of the agreement, but also on the organizational structure of construction and risk allocation.
The wide range of services that need to be implemented by the company of the full investment and construction cycle, as well as the variety of organizational forms of implementation of this process lead to varying degrees of uncertainty in each case. This often hinders the formalization of contracts between the participants in the construction. Therefore, it is important to develop a tool for contracting, which includes assessing the organizational structure of construction and emerging risks. A compact and adequate model for this was not found in the studied sources.
As a result of research it is established that the existing approaches to the contractштп determine the subject of the agreement as the main factor. The analysis of risk classifications in construction allowed to offer an approach based on the allocation of risks of internal and external environment with the distribution of responsibilities between managers and contractors. The developed classification of possible contract subject in construction made it possible to establish that one of the main factors of pricing, managing the implementation of the agreement and reducing the impact of risks, is the choice of measurement of the contract subject: the ratio of costs and revenues of the contractor / hours worked / physical unit of measurement of work performed. Both classifications served as a basis for the development and use of a three-block contracting model: the definition of the contract subject and its characteristics; determination of the organizational structure of construction as an external environment for the agreement implementation; formalizing the distribution of risks by establishing a legal scheme and pricing as tools for agreement managing. The introduction of such an instrument will reduce the excess cost of covering risks and accelerate capital turnover in the execution of transactions.
Development of operational construction management in modern conditions
Authors: Matviievskyi S.V. , Klys M.V. 
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the problems that arise in the management process, during the construction of buildings and structures.
Operational management is an important part of a single planning system for construction production and has the following ultimate goals: the implementation of tasks for the commissioning of facilities; volume of construction and installation works; increasing labor productivity, etc.
The function of operational management includes a continuous impact on the timely implementation of the work provided for in the plan. The stage of operational management includes operational planning and regulation, which includes control, accounting and decision-making.
In the process of production, any management decisions related to the implementation of the project are reduced to the establishment of calendar modes of work.
When making plans for a long period, it is impossible to take into account all the factors that may arise in the period immediately preceding the start of work. As we approach the planned deadlines, awareness of the specific situation is constantly growing.
In modern conditions, in the absence of permanent labor collectives in construction organizations, to the previously defined functions of operational planning should be added the function of providing construction with skilled labor. Creating a network of operational management in accordance with the production program of the construction organization, its structure, possible customer requirements, with the use of modern software packages to significantly improve the quality of operational management in construction.
Changes in the process of operational management of construction production should be aimed primarily at eliminating backlogs in the implementation of weekly and daily work schedules. To do this, depending on the causes of the backlog, measures are taken to speed up the work, introduce additional changes, eliminate interruptions in the material support of the work and other measures.
A Randomised, Crossover, Clinical Study to Assess Nicotine Pharmacokinetics and Subjective Effects of the BIDI® Stick ENDS Compared with Combustible Cigarettes and a Comparator ENDS in Adult Smokers
Authors: Fearon Ian , Gilligan Karin , Seltzer Ryan , McKinney Willie 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION: Nicotine pharmacokinetic (PK) assessments of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are crucial to understand their ability to provide an alternative to cigarette smoking. Subjective effects data also strongly contribute to this understanding. The BIDI® Stick is a disposable ENDS product which contains 6% nicotine benzoate salt and various flavours. METHODS: In this study we assessed nicotine PK and subjective effects of BIDI® Stick ENDS in adult smokers, compared to cigarettes and a comparator ENDS product. During each of eight (8) study visits, volunteer smoker subjects randomly used one of either their usual brand (UB) of cigarette, a BIDI® Stick ENDS, or a comparator ENDS (JUUL 5% with Virginia Tobacco flavour), during both a 4.5-minute defined (10 puffs, 30 seconds apart) and an _ad libitum _puffing session. Blood samples were collected at various time points and subjective effects questionnaires were administered. RESULTS: Plasma nicotine Cmax 0‑120 was not significantly different between BIDI® Stick ENDS with any flavour (range 15.3 (9.90) ng/ml for BIDI® Stick Winter to 17.6 (9.00) ng/ml for BIDI® Stick Classic) and UB cigarettes [16.2 (9.17) ng/ml]. AUC0-120 and Tmax 0‑120 values were also not significantly different between BIDI® Stick ENDS and UB cigarettes, while subjective effects measures were also similar between BIDI® Stick ENDS and UB cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: BIDI® Stick ENDS delivered nicotine to users comparably to their UB cigarette and also elicited similar subjective effects such as satisfaction and relief. Thus, the BIDI® Stick ENDS may be a satisfying alternative to cigarettes among current smokers and may support their transitioning away from cigarette smoking.
Small Homeland in the Context (Space) of Civil Identity
Authors: Thakahov V. Kh. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article analyzes the place, role and functions of the concept of a small homeland in the construction of civil identity. The starting point of the study is the understanding of a small homeland as a set of ideas and practices of the belonging of individuals and groups to the space of the place of birth, origin and primary socialization. A small homeland is what emotionally and practically unites citizens in their loyal affection to the place – physical and symbolic.Methodology and sources. Based on the general concept of the space of places (A. Lefebvre, M. Castells, T. Cresswell, M. Auger); P. Shtompka's theory of cultural trauma and A.O. Boronoev's ideas of structural schematization of a small homeland, it is originally presented a sociological analysis of the problem of the loss of a small homeland as a result of forced relocations (the case of flooded areas). As relevant sources the author use the documents and memoirs on the phenomenon of the loss of a small homeland; also on memories of eyewitnesses, and on artistic reflection of farewell to the place of birth. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of the loss of a small homeland in the functioning and reproduction of the civic identity of the place.Results and discussion. As a result of the study it has been shown that the loss of a small homeland determines: a) the rupture of social and cultural ties; b) the emergence of grassroots self-organization of Mologzhan activists who are re-constructing civic urban identity; c) production of commemorative practices of a regular type (cases of Mologa and Circassian auls); d) active formation of cultural discourse in which the small homeland of the place is positioned as a subjective value and one of the foundations of the life world.Conclusion. A small homeland as a representation and social practice in the space of civic identity ensures through its agents the reproduction of social interaction (real or imaginary) with a place and the maintenance of socio-cultural ties with it within the natural and cultural landscape of communities. It also promotes recognition, confirmation of the identity of the place. The loss of a small homeland (physical and symbolic) gives rise to various social practices of memory, rebirth and oblivion.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Dengan Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Quiz Pada Materi Kita Semua Sederajat Dan Bersaudara Kelas XI Di SMA Negeri 1 Teunom
Authors: Mursyidin Ahlan 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul “Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Dengan Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Quiz Pada Materi Kita Semua Sederajat Dan Bersaudara Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Teunom”. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa, aktivitas siswa, keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, serta tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Quiz dalam proses pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan statistik deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Teunom tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 20 siswa. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu lembar observasi, tes dan angket yang ketiganya dianalisis menggunakan uji persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) adanya peningkatan aktivitas siswa selama proses pembelajaran, (2) terjadi peningkatan keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran dari kategori sedang menjadi sangat baik (3) persentase ketuntasan individual secara keseluruhan meningkat dari siklus 1 sampai siklus 2 yaitu 70%, dan 100%, dan persentase ketuntasanan klasikal secara keseluruhan juga meningkat yaitu 60%, dan 100%. (4) respon siswa cenderung positif dimana 100% siswa menyatakan memahami materi terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Quiz.
Pengaruh Permainan Bahasa Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 09 Dewantara
Authors: Rosalinda Rosalinda 
Published: December 2021

Judul penelitian ini adalah Pengaruh Permainan Bahasa Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 09 Dewantara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah permainan bahasa dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Arab siswa dan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana efektifitas penggunaan permainan bahasa terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Arab di SD 09 Dewantara. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dala penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Action Reasearch dimana peneliti menerapkan permainan bahasa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di SDN 09 Dewantara pada kelas 5 (lima) dan materi pelajaran diambil dari buku paket Bahasa Arab kelas 4 SD. Sedangkan untuk pengumpulan data yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan tes yaitu pre- test dan post - test. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran Bahasa Arab membutuhkan media pembelajaran yang cocok/ sesuai dan menyenangkan, sebaiknya guru dapat menciptakan/ memanfaatkan media yang beraneka ragam dan inovatif. Permainan bahasa memiliki pengaruh yang besar dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan sangat efektif dalam memotivasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Arab. Dan hasil ini terlihat jelas dari hasil analissi tehadap jawaban siswa dalam test pada setiap tingakatan/ siklus. Adapun hasil akhir yang diperoleh adalah 9, 05 dan hasil ini mumtaz (sempurna) sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.
Penerapan Model Problem Base Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Materi Siklus Akuntansi Perusahaan Jasa Pada Siswa Kelas XII-IPS SMA Kartika XIV-1 Banda Aceh
Authors: Rahayu Irma 
Published: December 2021

Penerapan Model Problem Base Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Materi Siklus Akuntansi Perusahaan Jasa Pada Siswa Kelas XII-IPS SMA Kartika XIV-1 Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Kartika XIV-1 Banda Aceh selama tiga bulan sejak bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2020 bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar ekonomi materi siklus akuntansi perusahaan jasa dengan menerapkan model problem base learning pada siswa kelas XII-IPS SMA Kartika XIV-1 Banda Aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri atas 2 siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa-siswi Kelas XII-IPS SMA Kartika XIV-1 Banda Aceh tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 sebanyak 23 siswa. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif komparatif dengan membandingkan kondisi awal dengan hasil-hasil yang dicapai pada setiap siklus, dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif hasil observasi dengan membandingkan hasil observasi dan refleksi pada siklus I dan siklus 2. Dengan menerapkan model problem base learning dalam materi Siklus Akuntansi Perusahaan Jasa bagi siswa kelas XII-IPS pada SMA Kartika XIV-1 Banda Aceh diperoleh hasil tes pada siklus I dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 65,2%, nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 74,1 dan meningkat pada hasil tes siklus II sebesar 91,3% dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 82,6. Pada kedua siklus ini terjadi perubahan aktifitas dan perolehan nilai yang signifikan bila dibandingkan dengan pra siklus dengan ketuntasan belajar yang hanya mencapai 43,5% dan nilai rata-rata adalah 64,6. Dengan demikian melalui penerapan model problem base learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar ekonomi materi siklus akuntansi perusahaan jasa pada siswa kelas XII-IPS SMA Kartika XIV-1 Banda Aceh. Selain itu, hasil pengamatan pada proses belajar mengajar memperlihatkan perubahan siswa lebih aktif pada siklus I dan siklus II dibandingkan dengan pra siklus atau sebelum dilakukannya tindakan kelas.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Google Classroom Yang Dipadukan Dengan Aplikasi Google Meet Dalam Pembelajaran Daring Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Materi Lembaga Jasa Keuangan Kelas X-IPS-1 di SMA Negeri 11 Banda Aceh
Authors: Usman Aswanita 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu “untuk mengetahui Penggunaan Aplikasi Google Classroom yang di Padukan Dengan Aplikasi Google Meet dalam Pembelajaran daring Untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Materi Lembaga Jasa Keuangan Kelas X-Ips-1 Di SMA Negeri 11 Banda Aceh Pelajaran 2019/2020”. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 11 Banda Aceh, pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Nopember 2020. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X- IPS -1 SMA Negeri 11 Banda Aceh yang berjumlah 29 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan refleksi pada siklus I hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang mencapai nilai KKM hanya sebesar 44%. Persentase ini tentu masih rendah dan harus diperbaiki pada siklus selanjutnya. Kemudian hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang mencapai nilai KKM hanya sebesar 44% dari jumlah siswa, persentase ini belum menenuhi indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan yaitu 76% dari jumlah siswa mencapai nilai KKM. Persentase pada siklus I belum mencapai ketuntasan sehingga dilanjutkan siklus ke II. Terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada siklus II ini. Pada siklus I jumlah siswa yang mencapai KKM hanya sebesar 44% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 76% dan penggunaan aplikasi google classroom yang dipadukan dengan aplikasi google meet dalam pembelajaran daring dikatakan berhasil. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan refleksi pada siklus II, maka dinyatakan bahwa ada peningkatan yang signifikan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus II telah diperoleh data bahwa 76% dari jumlah siswa telah mencapai nilai KKM. Persentase tersebut sesuai dengan indikator keberhasilan yang diharapkan.
Monitoring of productive and biochemical parameters of young Clarias gariepinus during feeding of Skretting and Roycher AQUA feeds in experimental conditions
Authors: Trofymchuk A. M. , Bitiutskyi V. S. , Grynevych N. Ye. , Oleshko O. A. , Polishchuk V. M. , Trofymchuk M. I. , Kharchyshyn V. M. , Polishchuk S. A. 
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of monitoring the productive and biochemical indicators of the growth rate of young clary catfish using dry extruded complete feed for fish, which have proven to be best adapted for use at all stages of growing clary catfish, namely: Skretting and Roycher AQUA in experimental conditions. The research was conducted in the educational and experimental laboratories of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University from 2019 to 2021. For the experiment, we used the young of the African marble clary catfish (Clarias gariepinus), purchased from one of the fish farms in the Odesa region. Clary catfish fry was kept in four rectangular plastic containers for 90 liters of freshwater. The tanks were two-thirds full (60 liters). The water temperature was maintained at 26 °C. For the experiment, 120 fries were used, which were kept in four plastic tanks by the method of analogs of 30 specimens each. Given that the fry differed in weight (for experiment 1 we selected fry with higher weight, and for experiment 2 – with lower weight), they were divided on the principle of analogs into two experimental and two control groups. Based on the results of monitoring in Experiment 1, fish observations, and mathematical calculation, we found that the feed ratio when fed Skretting and Roycher AQUA starter feed is 0.74 and 0.99 %, respectively. Based on the results of monitoring, fish observations, and mathematical calculation, it was found that the feed ratio in experiment 2 when feeding starter feed Skretting and Roycher AQUA is 0.75 and 1.54 %, respectively. The high feed rate for the use of Roycher AQUA can be explained by overuse due to the grinding of the granules. Growing aquaculture facilities in an artificially formed system – production, allows you to get environmentally friendly fish products all year round. This is a very important criterion in modern environmental conditions.
Partisipasi Guru Dalam Penetapan Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta
Authors: Nurhattati Nurhattati , Ripki Ahmad Jauhari Hamid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The lack of teacher participation in the preparation of the RKAM has an impact on the disbursement of BOS funds of Private Madrasah Ibitdaiyyah in Karawang Regency. The initial assumption is the teacher's lack of knowledge regarding the RKAM , the level of participation in determining the RKAM and the factors that influence it . The study used a survey method of data collection techniques in the form of a questionnaire in the form of an attitude scales/scaled distributed among/over 301 respondents , strengthened by documentation studies and FGDs with key informants and informants. The results showed (1) teachers ' understanding of RKAM both in the aspect of activity planning, budgeting and operation of the e-RKAM system was very low; (2)Teacher participation in determining the RKAM both in determining the vision, mission, values, goals, targets is low; (3) The lack of socialization of the RKAM, the limited opportunities given to teachers to participate, in addition, the internal factors of teachers related to age, tenure and employee status and limitations in operating the e-budget have an impact on the low participation of teachers in determining the RKAM. For this reason, it is recommended that madrasas should socialize and provide opportunities for teachers to participate in RKAM, and the government will create a teacher participation system in RKAM.

Abstrak
Minimnya partisipasi guru dalam penyusunan RKAM berdampak pada pencairan dana BOS di Madrasah Ibitdaiyyah Swasta di Kabupaten Karawang. Asumsi awal adalah kurangnya pengetahuan guru terkait RKAM, tingkat partisipasi dalam penetapan RKAM dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket dalam bentuk skala sikap yang disebar terhadap 301 responden, diperkuat dengan studi dokumentasi dan FGD dengan informan dan narasumber kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Pemahaman guru terhadap RKAM baik pada aspek rencana kegiatan, penganggaran dan pengoperasian sistem e-RKAM sangat rendah; (2) Partisipasi guru dalam penetapan RKAM baik dalam penetapan visi, misi, nilai, tujuan, sasaran rendah. (3) Kurangnya sosialisasi RKAM, terbatasnya kesempatan yang diberikan pada guru untuk berpartisipasi, selain, faktor internal guru terkait usia, masa kerja dan status pegawai dan keterbatasan dalam pengoperasian e-anggaran berdampak terhadap rendahnya partisipasi guru dalam penetapan RKAM. Untuk itu direkomendasikan madrasah hendaknya mensosialisasikan dan memberi kesempatan guru untuk berpartisipasi dalam RKAM, dan pemerintah membuat sistem partisipasi guru dalam RKAM.
LA RECUPERACIÓN DEL ESPACIO PÚBLICO Y EL OLVIDO DE LO URBANO
Authors: Eljuri Gabriela 
Published: December 2021

Con argumentos de recuperar o rehabilitar los espacios públicos, se han realizado numerosas intervenciones en las plazas de los centros históricos de Latinoamérica. En el caso del Centro Histórico de Cuenca, en Ecuador, entre 2006 y 2016, se efectuaron varios proyectos en plazas y plazoletas del casco antiguo. En este contexto, este artículo es producto de una investigación que tuvo por objeto analizar las prácticas y discursos que han predominado en la gestión del patrimonio cultural en dichos espacios de la ciudad. Para el efecto, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, sustentada en revisión documental, entrevistas a profundidad y análisis del discurso. Como resultado, se desprende que ha predominado un enfoque material del patrimonio, una escasa atención a los usos sociales, politización de los proyectos, ausencia de procesos de participación y una mirada fragmentada de la ciudad. El discurso patrimonial oficial ha olvidado las apropiaciones y las re significaciones en el presente, no ha problematizado la noción de espacio público y, en más de una ocasión, ha estigmatizado los usos sociales. Se concluye que la gestión de los centros históricos requiere incluir miradas inter y transdisciplinarias, repensar el patrimonio como constructo, y direccionarse, más que a la conservación de las plazas per se, al cuidado de lo urbano.
Palabras clave: Centro histórico, conservación, espacio público, patrimonio cultural, plazas.
AbstractArguments of recovering or rehabilitating public spaces have guided interventions on squares (plazas) throughout the Latin American historic centres. In the case of the Historic Centre of Cuenca, Ecuador, from 2006 to 2016, several projects were carried out in the traditional plazas. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the practices and discourses that have predominated in cultural heritage management and the so-called public spaces of the city. For this purpose, a qualitative research, supported by documentary review, in-depth interviews, and discourse analysis was carried out. As a result, it is clear that a material approach to heritage is predominant, as well as little attention to social uses, the politicization of projects, an absence of participatory processes, and a fragmented approach to the city. The heritage discourse has forgotten the appropriations and resignifications in the present, it has not problematized the notion of public space and, in most cases, it has stigmatized social uses. Conclusions showed that historic places management requires including inter and transdisciplinary studies, rethinking heritage as a construct, and addressing, rather than the conservation of plazas, the care for urban life. Keywords Conservation, Historic centre, cultural heritage, public space, squares.