bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markov additive processes for degradation with jumps under dynamic environments
Authors: Shu Yin , Feng Qianmei , Kao Edward P. C. , Coit David W. , Liu Hao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe use general Markov additive processes (Markov modulated Lévy processes) to integrally handle the complexity of degradation including internally‐induced and externally‐induced stochastic properties with complex jump mechanisms. The background component of the Markov additive process is a Markov chain defined on a finite state space; the additive component evolves as a Lévy subordinator under a certain background state, and may have instantaneous nonnegative jumps occurring at the time the background state switches. We derive the Fokker–Planck equations for such Markov modulated processes, based on which we derive Laplace expressions for reliability function and lifetime moments, represented by the infinitesimal generator matrices of Markov chain and the Lévy measure of Lévy subordinator. The superiority of our models is their flexibility in modeling degradation data with jumps under dynamic environments. Numerical experiments are used to demonstrate that our general models perform well.
The relationship between frontline nurses' psychosocial status, satisfaction with life and resilience during the prevalence of COVID‐19 disease
Authors: Zakeri Mohammad Ali , Hossini Rafsanjanipoor Sayed Mortaza , Zakeri Maryam , Dehghan Mahlagha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to investigate the association between frontline nurse's psychosocial status, satisfaction with life and resilience during the prevalence of COVID‐19 disease.DesignA cross‐sectional study.Methods185 frontline nurses taking care of the COVID‐19 patients participated in the study from March to April 2020. The data were collected using demographic questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7), Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC).ResultsThe results showed that not being at risk of coronavirus infection, poor/no satisfaction with life and non‐resilience were significantly associated with higher psychological disorders. The coronavirus disease has significant consequences for the mental health of nurses. The factors affecting the mental health of nurses should be considered to support nurses in crises such as coronavirus. Provision of effective psychological interventions for nurses can be one of the effective solutions.
Predictive value of pressure ulcer risk for obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Wang Yao , Chen Ran , Ding Jie , Yang Lu , Chen Jiaojiao , Huang Baotao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between pressure ulcers risk and severity of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) by invasive coronary angiography.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 193 consecutive patients with underlying pressure ulcers risk who underwent invasive coronary angiography were enrolled. Subjects were divided into three groups according to severity of coronary artery stenosis. Pressure ulcers risk score, fall risk score, self‐care ability score and cardiovascular risk factors were compared among the three groups. Multivariate regression analysis and receiver operating curve analysis were performed to explore the diagnostic value of Braden score for left main or three‐vessel disease.ResultsPatients with more severe CAD had higher pressure ulcers risk. The percentage of high‐pressure ulcers risk was highest in left main or three‐vessel disease group, compared with control group and single‐ or two‐vessel disease group. After adjusting for age, body mass index, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and other confounding factors, Braden score was an independent predictor of left main or three‐vessel disease. Moreover, higher Braden score had a moderate area under the curve for excluding more severe CAD. In conclusion, among patients planning for coronary angiography, pressure ulcers risk assessment is conducive to predict the severity of obstructive CAD.
Dietary magnesium deficiency induces the expression of neuroinflammation‐related genes in mouse brain
Authors: Tsuji Ryuhei , Inoue Hirofumi , Uehara Mariko , Kida Satoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsDietary Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) impairs hippocampus‐dependent memory in mice; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying MgD‐induced memory impairments are unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular signatures in the hippocampus of MgD mice by analyzing the hippocampal transcriptome.MethodsWe performed RNA‐sequencing of the hippocampal transcriptome of MgD mice. We used gene ontology analyses and quantitative real‐time PCR to validate the RNA‐sequencing results.ResultsmRNAs for neuroinflammation‐related genes were upregulated in the hippocampus and cortex of MgD mice.ConclusionMgD induces neuroinflammation in the mouse brain, including the hippocampus and cortex. Our findings suggest that MgD‐induced neuroinflammation triggers the impairments of hippocampus‐dependent memory.
Effect of nanosilica on shape memory and mechanical characterization of polylactic acid wood composite
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Singholi Ajay K. S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, nanosilica reinforced polylactic acid wood composite was fabricated using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 4D printing technology. Nanosilica content was varied to study the effect on shape memory property like shape recovery rate and mechanical properties such as hardness, compressive strength and dynamic mechanical properties and simultaneous thermal properties. The finding of result indicated that the mechanical properties such as hardness, compressive strength, and flexural strength were increased by 60%, 60%, and 16.6% with the addition of 2 wt% nanosilica. The thermal stability of composite was also improved with the addition of nanosilica. The storage modulus was initially increased and then decreased with the increase in nanosilica content. However, the maximum shape recovery rate was decreased with the increase in nanosilica content.
Does Addiction Have A Subject?: Desire in Contemporary U.S. Culture
Authors: Park Jaeyoon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper traces the emergence of a new figure of the desiring subject in contemporary addiction science and in three other recent cultural developments: the rise of cognitive-behavior therapy, the self-tracking movement, and the dissemination of ratings. In each, the subject’s desire becomes newly figured as a response to objects rather than a manifestation of the soul, measured numerically rather than expressed in language and rendered impersonal rather than individualizing. Together, these developments suggest a shift in the dominant form of the desiring subject in contemporary U.S. culture, one that breaks with the subject-form that Foucault theorized five decades ago.
Association among multimorbidity, physical disability and depression trajectories: a study of urban–rural differences in China
Authors: Yan Chaoyang , Liao Hui , Ma Ying , Xiang Qin , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyse the trajectories of depression in urban and rural areas, and to analyse the relationship among multimorbidity, disability and other variables and trajectories.

Methods
Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. A latent class growth model was used to characterise the trajectories of urban and rural depression symptoms. Chi-square test was used to test the differences in respondents’ characteristics among depression trajectories groups within urban and rural areas. The relationships among multimorbidity, disability and depression symptom trajectories were analysed via multinomial logistic regression.

Results
Urban and rural depression trajectories were divided into three categories. Respondents in urban areas were divided into rising, remaining-low and declining group, and those in rural areas were divided into rising, remaining-low and remaining-high group. The depression scores of respondents with multimorbidity were more likely to rise, and this result was similar for the disabled respondents. Respondents who need help on activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in urban areas were more likely to decline in depression scores. In rural areas, however, the values were consistently high. In urban and rural areas, the relationships among marital status, education and age and depression trajectories were different.

Conclusions
The depression trajectories are different in urban and rural China. Improving the quality of medical services, promoting the distribution of rural social resources and implementing more recreational activities could be beneficial for the promotion of mental health in rural areas.
Assessment of gender divide in scientific communities
Authors: De Nicola Antonio , D’Agostino Gregorio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence of women’s under-representation in some scientific disciplines is prompting researchers to expand our understanding of this social phenomenon. Moreover, any countermeasures proposed to eliminate this under-representation should be tailored to the actual reasons for this different participation. Here, we take a multi-dimensional approach to assessing gender differences in science by representing scientific communities as social networks, and using data analytics, complexity science methods, and semantic methods to measure gender differences in the context, the attitude and the success of scientists. We apply this approach to four scientific communities in the two fields of computer science and information systems using the network of authors at four different conferences. For each discipline, one conference is based in Italy and attracts mostly Italians, while one conference is international in both location and participants. The present paper provides evidence against common narratives that women’s under-representation is due to women’s limited skills and/or less social centrality.
Health Beliefs, Behavior, Spiritual Growth, and Salvation in a Global Population of Seventh-day Adventists
Authors: McBride Duane C. , Bailey Karl G. D. , Landless Peter N. , Baltazar Alina M. , Trim David J. B. , Stele Galina 
Published: March 2021

Background The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a growing global denomination with strict substance use abstinence and recommended dietary requirements that together are called the “Health Message.” Abstinence from alcohol and tobacco is a requirement of membership and a plant-based diet is strongly advised. Purpose While a wide variety of research has reported the Adventist health advantage, very little research has been conducted on Adventist members’ attitudes toward and adherence to the Health Message. This research examines members views, from a global survey, about the health message, personal adherence, and belief that adherence ensures salvation. Methods The survey was conducted in 2017/2018 with a total N of 63,756. The questionnaire was translated into about 60 languages and then back translated into English for improved accuracy. Results Over 80% of the respondents reported that they agreed the Adventist health message was wholisitic, core to Adventist beliefs, supported by science, and increased the probability of a longer life. There were very few differences by global regions. About 80% also agreed that they should abstain from tobacco and alcohol and follow a healthy diet. However, about 45% believed that they could pick and choose which parts to follow with only a little over one-third reporting that they followed the Health Message a great deal. Strict adherence appeared to be in abstinence from alcohol (91%) and tobacco (97%). Only about 19% reported being vegetarian or vegan. Over 47%, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, reported the belief that if they kept the Health Message completely, they would be assured of salvation, though this is at odds with formal doctrine. Conclusions and Implications The data suggest that church leadership has been successful in obtaining global acceptance of the Health Message, convincing members of its scientific basis, and to abstain from tobacco and alcohol use. However, the data also show almost half of members believe that they can pick and choose elements to follow. In addition, these data have major implications for church leadership in disentangling the implications and expectations of the Health Message from the Church's fundamental belief that salvation is only through faith in Christ.
Investigating the Sources of Formaldehyde and Corresponding Photochemical Indications at a Suburb Site in Shanghai From MAX‐DOAS Measurements
Authors: Zhang Sanbao , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Ruifeng , Guo Yanlin , Yan Yuhao , Ding Zhenfeng , Zhou Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMulti‐AXis‐Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX‐DOAS) measurements were performed to obtain vertical distributions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) from October 17 to November 21, 2019 in Qingpu, a suburb of Shanghai, China. The consistencies of MAX‐DOAS and other independent observations of HCHO and NO2 verified the effectiveness of the inversion results. The secondary formation was identified as the predominant HCHO sources (57.4% of all) by a statistical regression analysis of HCHO with carbon monoxide (CO) and CHOCHO. The photochemical indications of HCHO were investigated through the ratios of HCHO to CHOCHO (RGF) and NO2 (RFN). The results showed that anthropogenic influence on RGF mainly existed in the layer of 0–800 m. The dependences of anthropogenic emission on RGF were negative in 0–200 m layer and positive in 200–800 m layer when NO2 level was higher than 5 ppbv. The sensitivity analysis of O3 formation in 0–2 km layer was concluded as follows: between 9:00 and 11:00 LT, the O3 formation was controlled by VOC‐limited regime alone; while it turned into transition regime in 1.7–2 km layer from 11:00 to 13:00 LT; then the transition regime moved down to the layer of 1.3–1.4 km from 13:00 to 15:00 LT and the NOx‐limited regime began to occur in 1.4–2.0 km layer.
Sedimentation of psbA Gene‐Containing Cyanophages, Cyanobacteria, and Eukaryotes in Marine and Estuarine Sediments
Authors: He Maoqiu , Cai Lanlan , Xu Jie , Li Xiangfu , Shi Zhen , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Rui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe transport of planktonic microbes from the upper ocean to sediments plays an important role in marine ecology and biogeochemistry (e.g., the downward transport of organic matter). In order to have a better understanding of this important process, we investigated the diversity of allochthonous cyanophages, cyanobacteria, and eukaryotic algae in the sediments from the Pearl River Estuary and South China Sea based on psbA, the gene encoding the D1 protein involved in photosynthesis. The psbA is prevalent and diverse in sediments regardless of water depth, revealing that the vertical export of psbA gene‐containing planktonic microbes provide an important source of sedimental microbes. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of Synechococcus, Synechococcus myovirus, Synechococcus podovirus, Prochlorococcus, Prochlorococcus myovirus, Prochlorococcus podovirus, and eukaryotic algae groups in the sediments. More than 80% of psbA amplicons belong to cyanophages, suggesting the potential prevalent downward transport of cyanophages from the photic zone to the seafloor. Diatoms Pseudosolenia calcar‐avis and Opephora were dominant in some sediment samples, different from planktonic community in the photic zones, indicating a potentially different vertical export efficiency among phytoplankton. The principal coordinate analysis indicated that psbA gene‐containing microbial community varied in estuarine, continental shelf and deep sea sediments. This study investigated the diversity of psbA gene‐containing microorganisms in marine sediments and could facilitate the evaluation of the output of photosynthetic organic carbon.
Potential of Sun‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Indicating Mangrove Canopy Photosynthesis
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Hou Yuwen , Zhang Yongguang , Lu Xiaoliang , Liu Zhunqiao , Weng Qihao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate characterization of gross primary productivity (GPP) is critically important in assessing mangrove carbon budgets, but the current knowledge of the temporal variations of GPP in evergreen mangroves is very limited. Remote sensing of sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has emerged as a promising approach to approximating GPP across ecosystems, but its capability for tracking GPP in evergreen mangroves has not been assessed. The SIF‐GPP link at a subtropical mangrove and its environmental controls are explored using 1‐year time‐series measurements from tower‐based hyperspectral and eddy covariance systems. Both the relationship between SIF and GPP as well as that between SIFy (SIF yield: the ratio of SIF over absorbed photosynthetically active radiation [APAR]) and LUE (light use efficiency: the ratio of GPP over APAR) at diurnal and seasonal time scales are analyzed. The temporal variations of SIF and GPP shared overall similar changing patterns, but their functional relationship tended to be time scale‐dependent. Midday depressions in SIF were observed when environmental stresses occurred around noon (including excess light and high VPD), and the strength of the SIF‐GPP link was affected by changing environmental conditions. The SIFy‐LUE relationship was temporally more dynamic, tending to match during midday hours but diverge from each other during morning and afternoon hours. These findings confirm SIF can serve as a potential remotely sensed indicator of mangrove canopy photosynthesis. This paper provides the first, high temporal‐resolution, continuous SIF measurements in mangroves, and highlights the importance of the impacts of environmental conditions on the SIF‐GPP relationship.
Relativistic modeling of atmospheric occultations with time transfer functions
Authors: Bourgoin A. , Zannoni M. , Gomez Casajus L. , Tortora P. , Teyssandier P. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Occultation experiments represent unique opportunities to remotely probe the physical properties of atmospheres. The data processing involved in modeling the time and frequency transfers of an electromagnetic signal requires that refractivity be properly accounted for. On theoretical grounds, little work has been done concerning the elaboration of a covariant approach for modeling occultation data.
Aims. We present an original method allowing fully analytical expressions to be derived up to the appropriate order for the covariant description of time and frequency transfers during an atmospheric occultation experiment.
Methods. We make use of two independent powerful relativistic theoretical tools, namely the optical metric and the time transfer functions formalism. The former allows us to consider refractivity as spacetime curvature while the latter is used to determine the time and frequency transfers occurring in a curved spacetime.
Results. We provide the integral form of the time transfer function up to any post-Minkowskian order. The discussion focuses on the stationary optical metric describing an occultation by a steadily rotating and spherically symmetric atmosphere. Explicit analytical expressions for the time and frequency transfers are provided at the first post-Minkowskian order and their accuracy is assessed by comparing them to results of a numerical integration of the equations for optical rays.
Conclusions. The method accurately describes vertical temperature gradients and properly accounts for the light-dragging effect due to the motion of the optical medium. It can be pushed further in order to derive the explicit form of the time transfer function at higher order and beyond the spherical symmetry assumption.
Negotiating asymmetry
Authors: Salama-Carr Myriam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Growing public concern about animal welfare,
notably in the context of widespread industry-led exploitation of
animals and abusive breeding and slaughtering practices, is
increasingly politicised and the shift of focus from the concept of
animal welfare to that of animal rights, from compassion to ethics,
is framed in an increasingly vocal political discourse. Described as
“the fastest social movement” (Gaarder 2011), animal activism has achieved a global
dimension where translation plays a significant albeit
under-researched role in constructing and disseminating a discourse
of animal welfare and contributing to “the social construction of
animals” (Stibbe 2001).
Drawing on Schicktanz’s
(2006) discussion of asymmetry and ambivalence in the
context of the human-animal relationship, the paper will explore
how, with a backdrop of greater convergence between philosophical
and scientific perspectives, concepts such as sentience, welfare and
rights are evolving with reference to non-human animals. Examples
will be drawn from European and international institutions’ material
and from activist organisations.
An information asymmetry framework for strategic translation
policy in multinational corporations
Authors: Hanson Thomas A. , Mellinger Christopher D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The size and scope of multinational corporations
in the globalized and interconnected modern economy has increased
the need for language services to facilitate a broad range of
cross-language communication. Much of the prior research on language
in international business has emphasized a metaphorical language
barrier and the concept of equivalence in translation, while failing
to recognize the strategic importance of translation and
interpreting. By contrast, this chapter emphasizes the role of
language service professionals in achieving corporate communication
goals. A framework is offered that links a firm’s response to
information asymmetry (to mitigate or maintain) and whether the
communication is internal to the firm or with an external party.
This two-dimensional approach implies four types of communication
goals, and we offer examples of how firms might achieve these goals.
The framework recognizes the value of translation and interpreting
in adopting strategic translation policies for operating in a
multilingual environment.
Small yet powerful
Authors: Mansell Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At the turn of the century many feared that the
UK publishing scene was soon to be dominated by an ever-more
consolidated number of conglomerates, pushing what was already a
risk-averse industry even further away from bold endeavours such as
translated literary fiction. Yet this has not materialised, and in
the UK translated fiction has seen remarkable growth. Using data
from prestigious literary prizes, this chapter analyses the shift in
power away from the “big five” publishers and their imprints to
small, independent publishers. It also analyses the consequences of
this shift for the actions of those involved in the chain of
production and consumption, including what this means not only for
the profile of books that are translated and published, but also how
translators approach their task.