bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real and perceived voting costs: Lithuanian emigrants’ discourses on external voting difficulty
Authors: Maminskaitė Monika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to international migration, increasing numbers of eligible voters are abroad when their home countries hold elections. Employing the theory of voting costs and benefits and focussing on a case of Lithuania, this article presents an unprecedented qualitative enquiry into difficulties behind emigrant (non)voting. Besides real voting costs, interviews with Lithuanian emigrants reveal importance of perceived voting costs when one decides whether to vote—thereby also introducing to the field a novel theoretical framework for examining voting costs and benefits both in and beyond migration context. The paper demonstrates that in addition to implementing adequate provisions for external voting from the home country's side, it is crucial for the authorities to raise awareness of these accommodations—and of the associated conditions, such as registration terms and postal voting deadlines—in order to yield as high as possible participation levels among those emigrants who are willing to vote.
The roles of XBRL and processed XBRL in 10‐K readability
Authors: Cahan Steven F. , Chang Seokjoo , Siqueira Wei Z. , Tam Kinsun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe size and composition of the 10‐K file have changed dramatically since the mandatory adoption of XBRL. We re‐examine 10‐K file size as a readability proxy by decomposing 10‐K file size into its main components, which include XBRL, processed XBRL (a twin to XBRL that allows XBRL information to be accessed using viewer software) and text. We find that 10‐K file size reduces readability before XBRL's adoption in 2012 but enhances readability after adoption and that the XBRL‐related components can explain the reversal of this relation. As the XBRL‐related components only include financial statement information, our results indicate that more XBRL data improves users’ understanding of the financial statements, which is in contrast to the text component of the 10‐K where a larger file size is associated with lower readability. As such, our study identifies financial statement readability as a distinct and important dimension of disclosure quality that has been overlooked in the prior literature.
The effect of laughter therapy on happiness and self‐esteem level in 5th grade students
Authors: Ozturk Fatma Ozlem , Acikgoz Inci 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProblemThe study was conducted to examine the effects of laughter therapy on happiness level and self‐esteem in 5th grade students.MethodsThis study used an experimental study with pretest posttest control group. The study population consisted of 5th grade students studying at a secondary school in Turkey. There were six branches in the 5th grade. Groups were randomly selected from among these 5th grade classes to include 29 students in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Laughter therapy sessions were applied to the intervention group twice a week for 4 weeks. No intervention was offered to the control group. The data were collected by a questionnaire, the School Children's Happiness Inventory, and the Coopersmith Self‐Esteem Inventory.ResultsIt was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the School Children's Happiness Inventory (p < .05) but no significant difference was found according to the groups' scores on the Coopersmith Self‐Esteem Inventory (p > .05).ConclusionsIn this study, it was determined that laughter therapy increased the happiness level of students yet had no effect on their self‐esteem. It is recommended to organize laughter therapy activities in schools to increase the happiness levels of students.
Interaction between insulin and androgen signalling in decidualization, cell migration and trophoblast invasion in vitro
Authors: Hirschberg Angelica Lindén , Jakson Ivika , Graells Brugalla Carlota , Salamon Daniel , Ujvari Dorina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFinely tuned decidualization of endometrial stromal fibroblasts into decidual cells is crucial for successful implantation and a healthy pregnancy. Both insulin and androgens are known to modulate decidualization, however, their complex effect on this process has not been fully elucidated. As hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism are associated in clinical conditions, we aimed to investigate the interaction between insulin and androgens on decidualization. Primary human endometrial stromal cells were decidualized in vitro in the presence of insulin and/or androgens (dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone). Gene or protein expressions of decidualization markers were measured, and cells size characteristics were determined. Migration of decidualizing endometrial stromal cells and invasion of HTR‐8/SVneo trophoblast spheroids were assessed. We found that insulin and androgens in combination enhanced the upregulation of several decidualization markers including prolactin, tissue factor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3 and connexin‐43, and also interacted in modulating cell size characteristics resulting in enlarged decidualizing cells. However, insulin and DHT together restricted the migration of decidualizing cells and invasion of trophoblast spheroids. Our findings suggest that insulin and androgens interact to potentiate the process of decidualization. On the other hand, inhibited cell migration and trophoblast invasion might negatively impact the function of decidualizing endometrial stromal cells.
Predation risk and the evolution of a vertebrate stress response: Parallel evolution of stress reactivity and sexual dimorphism
Authors: Vinterstare Jerker , Ekelund Ugge Gustaf M. O. , Hulthén Kaj , Hegg Alexander , Brönmark Christer , Nilsson Per Anders , Zellmer Ursula Ronja , Lee Marcus , Pärssinen Varpu , Sha Yongcui , Björnerås Caroline , Zhang Huan , Gollnisch Raphael , Herzog Simon D. , Hansson Lars‐Anders , Škerlep Martin , Hu Nan , Johansson Emma , Langerhans Randall Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPredation risk is often invoked to explain variation in stress responses. Yet, the answers to several key questions remain elusive, including the following: (1) how predation risk influences the evolution of stress phenotypes, (2) the relative importance of environmental versus genetic factors in stress reactivity and (3) sexual dimorphism in stress physiology. To address these questions, we explored variation in stress reactivity (ventilation frequency) in a post‐Pleistocene radiation of live‐bearing fish, where Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) inhabit isolated blue holes that differ in predation risk. Individuals of populations coexisting with predators exhibited similar, relatively low stress reactivity as compared to low‐predation populations. We suggest that this dampened stress reactivity has evolved to reduce energy expenditure in environments with frequent and intense stressors, such as piscivorous fish. Importantly, the magnitude of stress responses exhibited by fish from high‐predation sites in the wild changed very little after two generations of laboratory rearing in the absence of predators. By comparison, low‐predation populations exhibited greater among‐population variation and larger changes subsequent to laboratory rearing. These low‐predation populations appear to have evolved more dampened stress responses in blue holes with lower food availability. Moreover, females showed a lower ventilation frequency, and this sexual dimorphism was stronger in high‐predation populations. This may reflect a greater premium placed on energy efficiency in live‐bearing females, especially under high‐predation risk where females show higher fecundities. Altogether, by demonstrating parallel adaptive divergence in stress reactivity, we highlight how energetic trade‐offs may mould the evolution of the vertebrate stress response under varying predation risk and resource availability.
Jail as a Point of Contraceptive Care Access: Needs and Preferences Among Women in an Urban Jail
Authors: Myers Kyl , Dalessandro Cristen , Geist Claudia , Sufrin Carolyn 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionIndividuals who are incarcerated in the United States often struggle to access family planning care because of the common practice of jails not providing contraceptives on site. However, less is known about the contraceptive needs and preferences, including the desirability of intrauterine devices and implants, among those who are incarcerated.MethodsCross‐sectional, in‐person surveys were administered to 148 reproductive‐age women (aged 18‐48) incarcerated at an urban jail in Utah to identify women's contraceptive needs and preferences while incarcerated. We used summary statistics and logistic regression to investigate relationships between demographic characteristics, the desire to access contraceptive services while incarcerated, and interest in specific contraceptive methods.ResultsSurveys indicate a high interest in accessing contraceptives while in jail (73%). Participants who were more likely to prefer access to contraceptive services in jail were also more likely to be interested in the injectable (odds ratio [OR], 4.75; 95% CI, 1.03‐21.94), the implant (OR, 8.44; 95% CI, 1.70‐41.99), and intrauterine devices (OR, 10.04; 95% CI, 3.46‐29.20) than participants indicating no desire to access contraceptive services while in jail.DiscussionJails could be an access point for contraceptive methods requiring health care provider intervention in the state of Utah. However, care must be taken due to broader historical legacies of reproductive coercion in carceral settings.
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
Authors: Marino Jean M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGenitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) occurs in approximately 50% of menopausal women but is both underrecognized and undertreated despite numerous treatment options. Vaginal dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, urinary frequency, and urinary urgency are some of the more common symptoms that can have a negative effect on women's lives and relationships. Treatment options can include over‐the‐counter moisturizers and lubricants that can be composed of water or silicone or have an oil base. However, women and health care providers need be aware of the effects of excipients in these products so that the therapy does not cause vaginal irritation. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved treatment options include vaginally administered estrogen products as well as dehydroepiandrosterone (prasterone) and the selective estrogen receptor modulator ospemifene. The prescription options have proven efficacy and safety and can be considered for use by women with a history of cancer following collaboration with the oncologist. Despite the FDA warning that recommends vaginal lasers not be used for vaginal rejuvenation, vaginal lasers have also been used as a treatment for GSM, but studies on their safety are limited. This article reviews GSM, including its impact, diagnosis, and treatment.
Even mild catastrophic thinking is related to pain intensity in individuals with painful temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , M. Visscher Corine , Wänman Anders , Ljótsson Brjánn , C. Peck Christopher , Lövgren Anna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are often associated with psychological comorbidities. One such comorbidity is pain catastrophising, that is, exaggeration of negative consequences of a painful event. The aim was to investigate catastrophising in individuals with painful TMD compared to controls and the association between catastrophising and pain intensity, number of pain sites and functional limitations.MethodsA community‐based sample of 110 individuals (83 women; 20–69 yrs) with painful TMDs (myalgia/arthralgia as per Diagnostic Criteria for TMD) and 190 age‐ and gender‐matched controls (119 women; 20–69 yrs) from the Public Dental services in Västerbotten, Sweden, participated. Associations between catastrophising and functional jaw limitations, respectively, and painful TMD were evaluated with ordinal regression adjusted for the effect of gender and age. Associations (Spearman's correlation) of the Pain catastrophising Scale (PCS) with Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS‐20), pain site number (whole‐body pain map), and characteristic pain intensity (CPI) and intergroup comparisons (Mann‐Whitney U test) of these variables were also calculated.ResultsLevels of catastrophising were associated with TMD pain (OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1–2.6). Among individuals with painful TMD, catastrophising was correlated to pain intensity (r=0.458, p<0.01) and functional limitations (r=0.294–0.321, p≤0.002), but not to number of pain sites.ConclusionCompared to controls, community‐based individuals with painful TMD demonstrated higher levels of pain catastrophising, and this catastrophising was associated with increased pain intensity and jaw dysfunction. The relatively low scores of pain catastrophising suggest that even mild catastrophic thinking is associated with pain perception and jaw function, and should be considered in patient management.
Voting on urban land development
Authors: Wrede Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze several local referendums on land development and land‐use regulation in the City of Erlangen (Germany) between 2011 and 2018. To identify the positive influence of the travel distance on approval for land development, we control for distance to the city center and density, employ a two‐way fixed‐effect model, and use spatial instruments. We also analyze the heterogeneity of city dwellers' preferences for the development of residential and commercial areas. In particular, we examine the differences between homeowners and tenants in this regard.
Applying acceptability and emotion to understand the consumer's consumption habits and involvement with coffee
Authors: Kenney Ari Lynn , Phan Uyen Thuy Xuan , Adhikari Koushik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current study determined the hedonic perception and emotion response during coffee consumption, and also aimed to understand the coffee drinkers' involvement and consumption habits related to this beverage. An acceptability and an emotions test followed by an attitudinal survey on consumption habits and coffee involvement were performed with three coffees samples. Results suggest that coffee drinkers, in general, drink coffee to experience sensory gratification and elicitation of positive emotions, and absence of negative emotions. Three consumer clusters were identified and the data reaffirmed that consumers' like and dislike were directly related to positive and negative emotions, respectively. It also revealed that the absence of interest for samples can dampen the emotion response drastically as seen with Cluster 2. Although all three clusters cared about coffee very much, there were no distinct patterns that tied their preferences in the test to their coffee consumption habits and perception.Practical ApplicationsWith the advent of specialty coffee and coffee shops, consumers are approaching coffee from a drinking experience perspective rather than just caffeine fix. Consumers want to know more about the origins of their coffee, which is also tied to their increased awareness of sustainability and quality issues. The results of this study, we hope, will help provide guidance to the coffee industry and growers in understanding the expectations of the coffee drinker and hence, market their coffees effectively.
Microbiology of septic arthritis in young Auckland children
Authors: van den Boom Mirjam , Lennon Diana R , Crawford Haemish , Freeman Joshua , Castle Jennifer , Mistry Raakhi , Webb Rachel 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundKingella kingae is an important cause of septic arthritis in young children, with modern laboratory methods leading to increased detection. Prevalence of this pathogen in New Zealand, where there are high rates of childhood infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, is not known.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of children <5 years with septic arthritis (without osteomyelitis) at a tertiary children's hospital in Auckland, over 10 years (2005–2014). Data were collected on demographics, microbiology, clinical presentation, investigations and management.ResultsOf the 68 cases of septic arthritis, 57 (83.8%) occurred in children aged <24 months. Among those <3 months, Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) was predominant (45.5% of 11 cases), followed by S. aureus (36.4%). The most common pathogen in those 3 to <12 months was Streptococcus pneumoniae (38.5% of 13 cases). In children aged 12 to <24 months, K. kingae was most common (30.3% of 33 cases). Of the 12 cases of K. kingae, 91.7% were identified from synovial fluid culture. All K. kingae isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin.ConclusionsK. kingae is the leading pathogen in septic arthritis in New Zealand children aged 12 to <24 months. Routine inoculation of synovial fluid into blood culture bottles at time of sample collection, in addition to use of polymerase chain reaction methods, should be encouraged to improve detection rates. For infants and preschool children presenting with single joint septic arthritis, empiric antibiotics should include cover for S. aureus and K. kingae.
Results of urinary bacterial cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing of dogs and cats in the UK
Authors: Fonseca J. D. , Mavrides D. E. , Graham P. A. , McHugh T. D. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesBacterial urinary tract infections are a common diagnosis in small animal practice and antibiotics are often administered empirically. The aim of this study was to investigate the aetiology and antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in dogs and cats in the UK.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of uroculture and antibiotic susceptibility testing results (n=808) by disk diffusion processed at a veterinary pathology laboratory between 2011 and 2012.ResultsSignificant bacteriuria was detected in 18.4% of samples from dogs and 10.0% from cats, most of which (>90%) yielded a single organism.Escherichia coliwas the most prevalent bacterial species (54.7% and 55.6% of feline and canine isolates, respectively) followed byProteus mirabilisin dog samples (22.7%) andEnterococcusspp. in cat samples (23.2%). Approximately a third ofE. coliisolates were resistant to ampicillin but resistance was much lower amongEnterococcusspp. andP. mirabilis. Resistance to amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid also seemed to be emerging, particularly inE. coli(almost 20% resistant). In contrast, resistance to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole for uropathogens remained <13% except forP. mirabilis(19.4%). Overall, fluoroquinolones showed the best in vitro activity (resistance mostly below 10% for enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin).Clinical SignificanceOur results provide evidence of the emergence of resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treat bacterial urinary tract infections. Continued monitoring of the patterns of antibiotic resistance in uropathogens is needed to assess the adequacy of recommendations on the empiric therapy of these infections.
Cephalopods in the diet of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) from the Mediterranean Sea: A review
Authors: Luna Amanda , Sánchez Pilar , Chicote Carla , Gazo Manel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus, is a deep‐sea cetacean with a predominantly teuthophagous diet. Its distribution in the northwest Mediterranean is generally in deeper waters, but there is little information on diet or feeding areas. To extend knowledge of the diet of G. griseus, the stomach contents of six stranded Risso's dolphins in the Mediterranean Sea were analyzed. A total of 578 cephalopod beaks (166 uppers and 392 lowers) were found, identified as 386 individuals from 19 different species of Coleoidea cephalopods, one Sepiolida, eight Octopoda, and ten species belonging to the Order Oegopsida. This adds six species of cephalopods to those previously recorded in the Mediterranean Sea: Rondeletiola minor, Eledone moschata, Scaeurgus unicirrhus, Bathypolypus sponsalis, Pteroctopus tetracirrhus and Taonius pavo. In this study the most abundant prey family was Histioteuthidae. In addition, based on the available literature, the diet of 39 Risso's dolphins was reviewed in Mediterranean waters. The abundance of cephalopod species in the diet of these specimens was compared according to genus, geographical area, season, and age. The habitat of the prey of G. griseus was reviewed, suggesting a teuthophagous diet in this area. This study helps to identify both the prey species and the areas where prey are available in the northwest Mediterranean, which are key factors in establishing the limits and regulations of the “Northwest Mediterranean Sea, Slope and Canyon IMMA System” (Important Areas for Marine Mammals) proposed by the Working Group on Marine Mammal Protected Areas (MMPATF ‐ IUCN).
Association of body mass index with kidney function and mortality in high cardiovascular risk population: A nationwide prospective cohort study
Authors: Aiumtrakul Noppawit , Kittithaworn Annop , Supasyndh Ouppatham , Krittayaphong Rungroj , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Satirapoj Bancha 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is increasing awareness of the impact of obesity and underweight on cardiovascular (CV) disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality. Abnormal body mass index (BMI) might be associated with worse clinical outcomes, including CKD progression, but limited evidence exists among Asian patients with high CV risk.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of BMI with progressive loss of kidney function and all‐cause mortality in Thai patients with high CV risk.MethodsIn a national cohort of 5887 high CV risk subjects, we assessed the association of high BMI with the composite renal outcome (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] decline over 40%, eGFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, doubling of serum creatinine, initiation of dialysis and death related to renal causes) and with all‐cause mortality in Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 5887 participants (3217 male and 2670 female) with high CV risk were enrolled. Participants were classified into five groups by their baseline BMI; <20 kg/m2 (n = 482), 20–24.9 kg/m2 (n = 2437), 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 2140), 30–34.9 kg/m2 (n = 665) and 35 kg/m2 (n = 163), respectively. On multivariate analysis of Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for other covariates, baseline BMI ≥35 kg/m2 was an independent predictor of loss of kidney function (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.04–2.40) and all‐cause mortality (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.50–4.80). Baseline BMI <20 kg/m2 was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality as well (adjusted HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.50–3.42).ConclusionIn the high CV risk Thai population, a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or more is associated with loss of kidney function and mortality. On the other hand, a BMI less than 20 kg/m2 is also associated with all‐cause mortality.