bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic propensity for obesity, socioeconomic position, and trajectories of body mass index in older adults
Authors: Tommerup Kristiane , Ajnakina Olesya , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Identifying how socioeconomic positioning and genetic factors interact in the development of obesity is imperative for population-level obesity prevention strategies. The current study investigated whether social positioning, either independently or through interaction with a polygenic score for Body Mass Index (BMI-PGS), influences BMI trajectories across older adulthood.
Methods

Data were analysed from 7,183 individuals from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). Interactions between the BMI-PGS and; lower educational attainment, SSS, and income, on BMI trajectories across older adulthood were investigated through linear mixed effects models.
Results

Lower educational attainment, SSS and income were each associated with a higher baseline BMI for women, but not for men. There were interaction effects between BMI-PGS and social positioning such that men aged > 65 with a lower educational attainment (β = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.00-1.24), men aged ≤ 65 of a lower income (β=-0.72, 95%CI=-1.21- -0.23) and women aged ≤ 65 of lower SSS (β=-1.41; 95%CI=-2.46-0.36) showed stronger associations between the BMI-PGS and baseline BMI.
Conclusions

Lower socioeconomic positioning showed adverse effects for women’s BMI in older adulthood. While the expression of the BMI-PGS, or extent to which it translates to a higher BMI, was subtly influenced by socioeconomic standing in both women and in men.
Studying C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels in blood may prevent severe complications: A Study in Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sultana Gazi Nurun Nahar , Srivast Anshika , Akhtaar Khalida , Singh Prajjval Pratap , Islam Md. Anarul , Chaubey Gyaneshwer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been a scientific, medical and social challenge. Since clinical course of this disease is largely unpredictable and can develop rapidly causing severe complications, it is important to identify laboratory biomarkers which may help to classify patient’s severity during initial stage. Previous studies have suggested C - reactive protein (inflammatory) and D-dimer (biochemical) as an effective biomarker. The differential severity in patients across the world and our limited understanding in the progression of the disease calls for a multi-country analysis for biomarkers. Therefore, we have analyzed these biomarkers among 228 Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients. We show significant association of COVID-19 severity with these two biomarkers. Thus, we suggest using these biomarkers for Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients for disease monitoring. Such validated preventive measures may decrease the case fatality ratio substantially.
An Efficient Magnetic Nanocatalyst Induced Chemo- and Ferroptosis Synergistic Cancer Therapy in Combination with T1-T2 Dual-Mode Magnetic Resonance Imaging through Doxorubicin Delivery
Authors: Zhu Ling , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Caiyun , Wang Peng , Wu Lizhong , Gao Weiqing , Ding Weilong , Zhang Guilong , Tao Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Excessive iron ions in cancer cells can catalyze H2O2 into highly toxic ·OH and then promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing cancer ferroptosis. However, the efficacy of ferroptosis catalyst is still insufficient because of low Fe(II) release, which severely limited its application in clinics. Herein, we developed a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for MRI-guided chemo- and ferroptosis synergistic cancer therapies through iRGD-PEG-ss-PEG modified gadolinium engineering magnetic iron oxide loaded Dox (ipGdIO-Dox). The introduction of gadolinium compound disturbed the structure of ipGdIO-Dox, making magnetic nanocatalyst be more sensitive to weak acid. When the ipGdIO-Dox entered into cancer cells, abundance of Fe(II) ions were released and then catalyzed H2O2 into highly toxic OH·, which would elevate cellular oxidative-stress to damage mitochondria and cell membranes and induced cancer ferroptosis. In addition, the iRGD-PEG-ss-PEG chain coated onto nanoplatform were also broken by high expression of GSH, and then the Dox was released. This process not only effectively inhibited DNA replication, but further activated cellular ROS, making nanoplatform achieve stronger anticancer ability. Besides, the systemic delivery ipGdIO-Dox significantly enhanced T1- and T2-weighted MRI signal of tumor, endowing accurate diagnostic capability for tumor recognition. Therefore, the ipGdIO-Dox might be a promising candidate for developing MRI guided chemo- and chemdynamic synergistic theranostic system.
Inventory of leaf and flower odorants in plants associated with the life cycle of Japanese Papilio butterflies
Authors: INOUE Takashi A , Otani Hitomi , Niihara Kinuko , Fukuda Tatsuya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The odorants of eight Japanese mainland native species (Citrus x deliciosa, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Siebold & Zucc, Z. schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc., Z. piperitum L., Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht, Orixa japonica Thunb., Skimmia japonica Thunb., and Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn.), one tropical species (Euodia meliifolia (Hance) Benth.), and one invasive species (Ruta graveolens) of the Rutaceae family and three Japanese mainland native species (Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz., Heracleum lanatum W. Bartram, Anthriscus sylvestris (Blume) DC), and one invasive species (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) of the Apiaceae family were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with dynamic–headspace and thermal–desorption methods. These plants are hostplants to Japanese Papilio butterflies. Herein, these 14 plants were classified into six major groups based on the odorant volatiles, which did not correspond to the current phylogenetic classification. Similarly, floral odorant analysis of the six plant species (Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb., Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Lonicera japonica Thunb., C. deliciosa, Z. ailanthoides) visited by Papilio butterflies for nectaring, revealed the presence of linalool in all the flowers. Floral volatiles in C. deliciosa and Z. ailanthoides exhibited moderate resemblance to their respective leaf volatiles. Interestingly, our results in C. trichotomum was not in complete agreement with previous reports, emphasizing the need for newer methods of extraction and analysis.
Enhanced photodetection performance of sputtered cupric oxide thin film through annealing process
Authors: Tariq Maha , Afzal Naveed , Rafique Mohsin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study demonstrates an improvement in the photodetection response of a Cupric Oxide (CuO) thin film through the annealing process. The CuO thin film (400 nm thickness) was deposited on a silicon substrate using DC magnetron sputtering system. Annealing of the as-deposited film was carried out in a muffle furnace at 400 and 500 oC for two hours. X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the formation of a single phase CuO film whose crystallinity improved with increase of the annealing temperature. The field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated a compact and fine granular strcutre of the as-seposited film whereas the segregation and agglomeration of grains was observed after the film’s annealing. The photodetection performance of CuO film with Al contacts was investigated under the exposure of visible light (λ = 460 nm). The current-voltage graphs of as-deposited and annealed films displayed Schottky contact formation between the metal and semiconductor, owing to a lower work function of Al than that of the CuO. The photo-to-dark current ratio of the device was significantly enhanced after the film’s annealing. The increase in photocurrent became more pronounced upon increasing the light intensity from 58.4 to 511 µW/cm2. The maximum current gain and sensitivity values were found to be 66 and 7086.8 % respectively at 10V bias for the film annealed at 500 oC. The rise and fall time of the Al/CuO/Al photodetector was decreased after the film’s annealing.
Attributable fraction of tobacco smoking on cancer deaths from 2010 to 2019 using mortality case-control study in Tianjin, China
Authors: LI Wei , Xiaodan XUE , Dandan LI , ZHANG Ying , SHEN Wenda , Guohong JIANG 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Smoking is by far the most important cause of cancer that can be modified at the individual level. Asia has a high incidence of cancer incidence and death, while China has the highest incidence in Asia, and accounting for 27% of the world's cancer deaths. The purpose of the current study was to perform an evidence-based assessment of the burden of tobacco smoking-related cancers death in the Tianjin, China. Methods: A mortality case-control study to assess the risks of all-cause and major causes of cancer death attributable to smoking from 2010 to 2019. Results: Tobacco smoking was responsible for 23,709 (28.87%) cancer deaths among adult men and 8,648 (13.37%) among adult women in 2010 to 2019 in Tianjin. Lung cancer remains the largest cause of cancer death. In men, 49.06% of lung cancer, 27.55% of upper aerodigestive cancer, 10.11% of liver, 13.56% of kidney and other urinary cancer deaths were attributable to tobacco smoking. In women the proportion of ever-smoking-attributable lung cancer was 31.56%, 10.59% of upper aerodigestive and 10.56% of bladder cancer deaths. By year, smoking-attributable cancer deaths in men increased from 1817 in 2010 to 2695 in 2019; for women, the number remained stable at just over 800 per year. Conclusions: Approximately one in three cancer deaths in men and one in six cancer deaths in women would be potentially preventable through appropriate control of tobacco smoking in Tianjin. Effective control programs against tobacco smoking should be further implemented.
AI, Big Data powered method of life expectancy prediction, severe diseases early stages detection, prevention
Authors: Valerievich Dushkin Roman , Alekseevna Lelekova Vasilisa , Sergeevich Maksimov Vladislav , Olegovich Teterin Oleg 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aging is a part of human life, often accompanied by serious illnesses. Nowadays, people sometimes do not live up to the biological aging of the body at all due to late-timed diagnosis of diseases. Unfortunately, the methods of early detection of diseases associated with aging do not yet have the technical equipment that would allow them to be fully implemented. This article provides an overview of methods for defining and analyzing the aging of the body. This is a review article of a novel hardware and software complex for health monitoring developed by a scientific group, which analyzes human bio parameters using artificial intelligence algorithms. The relevance of the proposed system is undeniable due to the used algorithms of artificial intelligence, with the help of which it is possible to quickly and accurately analyze a large amount of data related to human aging. The article will be of interest to developers of artificial intelligence, biostatisticians and scientists working on the definition of aging in the human body.
Stochastic modeling of artificial neural networks for real-time hydrological forecasts based on uncertainties in transfer functions and ANN weights
Authors: Wu Shiang-Jen , Hsu Chih-Tsung , Chang Che-Hao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a stochastic artificial neural network (named ANN_GA-SA_MTF), in which the parameters of the multiple transfer functions considered are calibrated by the modified genetic algorithm (GA-SA), to effectively provide the real-time forecasts of hydrological variates and the associated reliabilities under the observation and predictions given (model inputs); also, the resulting forecasts can be adjusted through the real-time forecast-error correction method (RTEC_TS&KF) based on difference between real-time observations and forecasts. The observed 10-days rainfall depths and water levels (i.e., hydrological estimates) from 2008 to 2018 recorded within the Shangping sub-basin in northern Taiwan are adopted as the study data and their stochastic properties are quantified for simulating 1,000 sets of rainfall and water levels at 36 10-days periods as the training datasets. The results from the model verification indicate that the observed 10-days rainfall depths and water levels are obviously located at the prediction interval (i.e., 95% confidence interval), revealing that the proposed ANN_GA-SA_MTF model can capture the temporal behavior of 10-days rainfall depths and water levels within the study area. In spite of the resulting forecasts with an acceptable difference from the observation, their real-time corrections have evident agreement with the observations, namely, the resulting adjusted forecasts with high accuracy.
MENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF JIGSAW PADA KONSEP DEMOKRASI
Authors: Sugiarto Hery 
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu ’untuk mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa dan motivasi belajar Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw pada kelas VIII B SMPN 4 Tapung Hilir. Jenis peneliian ini yang ditetapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Ada empat tahapan dalam penelitian tindakan ,yaitu (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan, (4) refleksi, sedangkan penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus dengan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa kelas VIII B SMP N 4 Tapung Hilir dengan jumlah siswa yang diteliti sebanyak 32 siswa yang terdiri dari 18 siswa dan 14 siswi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Terjadi peningkatan proses pembelajaran siswa dari siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil evaluasi sikus I dari 32 siswa yang berhasil mencapai KKM yaitu sebanyak 8 siswa (24%), dan hasil evaluasi nilai siklus II dari 32 siswa yang berhasil mencapai KKM yaitu sebanyak 13 siswa (40,75%).
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS MELALUI METODE DISKUSI DENGAN BANTUAN MEDIA GAMBAR
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani 
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan keterampilan hasil belajar IPS melalui metode diskusi dengan bantuan media gambar pada siswa kelas IX B SMPN 4 Tapung Hilir. Jenis penelitian yang ditetapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Ada empat tahapan dalam penelitian tindakan, yaitu (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan, dan (4) refleksi, sedangkan penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus dengan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa kelas IX B SMP N 4 Tapung Hilir dengan jumlah siswa yang diteliti sebanyak 29 siswa yang terdiri dari 15 siswa dan 14 siswi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode diskusi dengan bantuan media gambar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan belajar siswa kelas IX B di SMPN 4 Tapung Hilir. Terjadi peningkatan yang cukup signifikan pada hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil evaluasi siklus I, dari 29 siswa yang berhasil mencapai KKM yaitu sebanyak 18 siswa (62,06 %), sedangkan hasil evaluasi siklus II dari 29 siswa yang berhasil mencapai KKM yaitu sebanyak 24 siwa ( 82,75 %).
KOMPOR ORGEN (Organic Garbage Energy) HEMAT DAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: F Oktavia Ningsih 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKSaat ini sampah telah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan manusia. Hidup berkisar dari ruang lingkup individu hingga ruang lingkup global. Setiap saat dari kegiatan kami terkait dengan sampah. Sampah organik telah sering diperiksa dan diteliti, tetapi dalam praktiknya hanya sedikit hasil penelitian yang telah diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu aplikasi hasil penelitian adalah penggunaan briket sampah. Penggunaan briket sampah telah dibatasi oleh, antara lain, tidak adanya kompor adaptif. Oleh karena itu, perlu mengoptimalkan desain kompor Orgen (Energi Sampah Organik). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk memberikan gambaran tentang cara membuat kompor Orgen tembikar, (2) untuk memberikan gambaran tentang cara membuat modifikasi kompor Orgen, dan (3) untuk membandingkan efektivitas kompor Orgen.Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen. Tahap pertama adalah membuat briket sampah dan briket arang sampah. Briket sampah dibuat dengan menumbuk sampah menjadi bubuk, mencampurnya dengan pati, dan kemudian mengeringkannya. Sementara itu, briket arang sampah dibuat melalui karbonisasi, yaitu arang yang dicampur dengan pati dibentuk, dicetak, dan kemudian dikeringkan. Fase kedua adalah membuat kompor Orgen. Mereka adalah (1) kompor Orgen tembikar yang terbuat dari tanah liat dan kemudian dipanggang dalam bentuk "kubah", (2) kompor perapian ganda, dan (3) kompor Orgen yang dimodifikasi dibuat dengan memodifikasi kompor modern menggunakan stainless steel. Untuk menguji keefektifan kedua kompor Orgen dilakukan dengan memanaskan ½ liter air dan 1 liter air, menggoreng tempe, dan memasak ¼ kg beras. Hasilnya diperoleh dengan menghitung waktu yang dibutuhkan (menit) dan kemudian dibandingkan. Waktu tercepat adalah kompor Orgen yang paling efektif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) briket sampah dan briket arang sampah dapat dibuat dengan cara yang sederhana, murah dan dapat digunakan sebagai energi alternatif, dan (2) kompor Orgen dapat dibuat dengan cara mudah, murah dan dapat digunakan untuk memasak briket yang terbuat dari sampah dan arang sampah, (3) kompor Orgen yang direkomendasikan untuk memasak, berdasarkan tingkat efektifitas secara berurutan, adalah model “kubah”, perapian ganda, dan kompor modifikasi. Kata kunci: pembuatan briket sampah dan briket arang sampah, modifikasi kompor Orgen, efektivitas kompor Orgen
SYURA DAN LEGITIMASI UMAT DALAM SUKSESI KEPEMIMPINAN KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN
Authors: R. Massi Randy Atma 
Published: August 2021

In tracing history, the first problem that was questioned after the death of Muhammad Rasulullah was the problem of political power or his successor who would lead the ummah, commonly known as the caliph. The Qur'an as the main source of reference and the Sunnah does not provide a clear and clear explanation of who has the right to continue the leadership of the ummah after Muhammad's death, and how the succession system or method of appointing leaders in selecting the successor of the Prophet's caliph. So it is not surprising that in the course of the succession system in the appointment of the successor of the Prophet, especially in the appointment of Khulafaur Rasyidin, there were always differences in the ways between one caliph and another. In the matter of leadership succession, the issue of deliberation or shura and the legitimacy of the people or the people does not really get more attention and a significant pressure point, if it is traced in more detail, the issue of shura and the legitimacy of the people or people are two things that always exist in every succession of Khulafaur Rasyidin's leadership. So it is very important in discussing the succession of Khulafaur Rasyidin's leadership in relation to issues of deliberation or shura and the legitimacy of the people.
Abstrak
Dalam penelusuran terhadap sejarah, permasalahan pertama yang dipersoalkan setelah wafatnya Muhammad Rasulullah adalah masalah kekuasaan politik atau pengganti beliau yang akan memimpin umat, yang lazim disebut dengan khalifah. Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber acuan utama dan Sunnah tidak memberikan penjelasan secara terang dan jelas tentang siapa yang berhak untuk melanjutkan kepemimpinan umat pasca wafatnya Muhammad, dan bagaimana sistem suksesi atau metode pengangkatan pemimpin dalam melakukan pemilihan terhadap khalifah pengganti Rasul. Sehingga tidak mengherankan dalam perjalannya sistem suksesi dalam pengangkatan khalifah pengganti Rasul terutama dalam pengangkatan Khulafaur Rasyidin selalu terjadi perbedaan cara antara khalifah yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Dalam persoalan suksesi kepemimpinan persoalan musyawarah atau syura dan legitimasi umat atau rakyat tidak terlalu mendapat perhatian yang lebih dan titik tekan yang signifikan, jika ditelusuri lebih detail persoalan syura dan legitimasi rakyat atau umat merupakan dua hal yang selalu ada dalam setiap suksesi kepemimpinan Khulafaur Rasyidin. Sehingga sangat penting dalam membahas suksesi kepemimpinan Khulafaur Rasyidin dalam kaitannya dengan persoalan musyawarah atau syura dan legitimasi umat.
Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Cape Coast Metropolis
Authors: Hagan Daniel Ebo , Mustapha Zakari , Akomah Benjamin Boahene , Aidoo Peter Kobina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The rate of construction accidents in the Ghanaian construction industry is not encouraging. The study sought to identify the factors affecting the effective health and safety practices in the construction industry within the Cape Coast Metropolis. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the construction firms and ‘Yamane formula’ to arrive at the number of respondents (44) for the study. Structured questionnaires were distributed among site engineers, site supervisors, safety officers, quantity surveyors, foremen, chief masons and chief carpenters. Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the data analysis and results were presented in a form of descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings show that the level of health and safety practices within the Metropolis was high and the factors that affected the implementation of health and safety programmes were severe among the firms. Few of the company’s health and safety programmes were effective and this calls for the strengthenig of the construction sector policy by the ministries responsible for implementation.
A obesidade como consequência das alterações endócrino-metabólicas no idoso: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Veiga Hetielle Amanda Silva , Oliveira Mariana Pontes de , Santana Karen Regina 
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Discutir as alterações endócrino metabólicas próprias do idoso como causa da obesidade. Revisão bibliográfica: O hormônio do crescimento (GH), estrógeno e testosterona reduzem no envelhecimento. O cortisol, devido ao maior estresse no idoso, encontra-se aumentado. Também ocorre tanta elevação do hormônio tireoestimulante (TSH) com menor resposta da glândula ao seu estímulo, como queda na produção de triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4). A insulina e glucagon têm sua secreção alterada, contribuindo para o aumento da glicemia, que é proporcional à idade. A diminuição da secreção de leptina e aumento da grelina ocorrem durante o envelhecimento. Assim, todas essas alterações hormonais contribuem para a obesidade neste público. Considerações finais: A obesidade nos idosos ocorre uma vez que o envelhecer traz mudanças na composição corporal em relação ao tecido muscular, gordura e alterações na produção e liberação de vários hormônios ligados ao metabolismo, além da modificação nos hábitos de vida, como o sedentarismo.