bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structures and Conducting Properties of Molecular Conductors Based on Dimethyl-Substituted DTDA-TTP and DTDH-TTP
Authors: Kinoshita Naoya , Suzuki Kento , bin Alias Mohamad Safuwan , Shirahata Takashi , Misaki Yohji , Yamada Jun-ichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dimethyl substituted donors, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-5-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (DMDT-DA-TTP) and 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-5-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (DMDT-DH-TTP), were successfully synthesized, and (DMDT-DA-TTP)2X (X− = PF6−, AsF6−, and SbF6−) and (DMDT-DH-TTP)2X (X− = PF6− and AsF6−) were prepared. All the DMDT-DA-TTP and DMDT-DH-TTP salts adopt β-type molecular packing with a head-to-tail molecular stacking. Although the overlap modes of donor molecules in the DMDT-DA-TTP and DMDT-DH-TTP salts are similar, the degree of dimerization of donor molecules is quite different. That is, electronically strong dimerization of the DMDT-DA-TTP molecules was assessed in the salts, while the DMDT-DH-TTP molecules have electronically almost uniform stacking in the salts. A tight-binding band calculation suggested that all the DMDT-DA-TTP salts have effectively half-filled energy bands with narrow bandwidths of 0.39–0.40 eV, while the bandwidths of DMDT-DH-TTP salts (0.96 eV) are relatively wide due to the lack of an energy gap. The calculated Fermi surfaces of all the salts are quasi-one-dimensional. In correspondence with the different band structures, all the DMDT-DA-TTP salts exhibited semiconducting behavior derived from the Mott-insulating nature. In contrast, both the DMDT-DH-TTP salts showed metallic temperature dependence down to 5–7 K.
Pesticide exposure and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
Authors: Kangkhetkron Teera , Juntarawijit Chudchawal 
Published: February 2021

Background: Pesticide exposure might increase risk of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the historical use of pesticides commonly found in Thailand, and lung cancer. Methods: This case-control study compared a lifetime pesticide exposure of 233 lung cancer cases, and 447 healthy neighbours matched for gender, and age (±5 years). Data on demographic, pesticide exposure and other related factors were collected using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. Associations between lung cancer and types of pesticides as well as individual pesticides were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for gender (male, female), age (≤54, 55-64, 65-74, ≥75), cigarette smoking ( never smoked, smoked < 109,500, smoked ≥ 109,500), occupation (farmer, non-farmer), cooking fumes exposure (yes, no), and exposure to air pollution (yes, no). Results: It was found that lung cancer was positively associated with lifetime use of herbicides and insecticides. Compared to people in the nonexposed groups, those in Q3-Q4 days of using herbicides and insecticides had an elevated risk of lung cancer, with odds ratio (OR) between 2.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-3.89), and 3.99 (95% CI 1.62-7.11) (p < 0.001). For individual pesticides, those presenting a significant association with lung cancer were dieldrin (OR = 2.56; 95% CI 1.36-4.81), chlorpyrifos (OR = 3.29; 95 % CI 1.93-5.61), and carbofuran (OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.28-3.42). It was also found, for the first time, carbofuran, glyphosate, and paraquat to be strongly associated with lung cancer. Conclusions: The results showed that lung cancer among Thai people in Nakhon Sawan province is associated with previous pesticide use. In addition to dieldrin and chlorpyrifos, we also found carbofuran, glyphosate, and paraquat to be strongly associated with lung cancer. These issues should receive more attention since these chemicals are used widely.
Planar metamaterial sensor with graphene elliptical rings in transmission mode
Authors: Farrokhfar Motahhare , Jarchi Saughar , Keshtkar Asghar 
Published: February 2021

A periodic planar metamaterial sensor in the terahertz band based on surface plasmon polariton resonances is proposed and studied. The unit cell includes four half-elliptical graphene rings located on a three-layer substrate including a

S
i
O

2

layer, an air gap, and another

S
i
O

2

layer. The embedded air gap between the two layers of

S
i
O

2

improves the sensitivity of the sensor. Parametric study is performed, and the effects of the dimensions of the elliptical rings, the air gap thickness, and the Fermi energy of graphene on resonant frequency, sensitivity, and figure of merit (FoM) are investigated and graphically illustrated. The parameters of the sensor are optimized to provide a high sensitivity with a suitable FoM. By changing the refractive index of the sensing environment from 1.2 to 2, maximum sensitivity of 21.1 µm/RIU with FoM 5.14 is provided. The performance of the sensor is compared with previous works, and it is shown that a considerable improvement in sensitivity is achieved. The proposed sensor is suitable for biosensing applications.
Switchable terahertz metasurface with polarization conversion and filtering functions
Authors: Li Zhe-Wen , Li Jiu-Sheng 
Published: February 2021

A switchable metasurface with dual functions of polarization conversion and filtering is proposed in this paper. The designed structure is composed of a medium-metal-medium-metal-medium structure, and

V
O

2

is embedded in the metal metasurface. When

V
O

2

is an insulated state, this structure can perform linear polarization conversion under terahertz wave normal incidence, and it has good asymmetric transmission capabilities. At the range from 2.01 to 2.86 THz, the polarization conversion rate is higher than 93%. When

V
O

2

is in the metallic state, the structure becomes a broadband band-stop filter with a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.73 THz. The polarization conversion and filtering functions of the proposed structure can be converted to each other by changing the external temperature. This switchable multifunction structure provides a new way for the design of terahertz devices.
Features of patients that died for COVID-19 in a hospital in the south of Mexico: A observational cohort study
Authors: Ruíz-Quiñonez Jesús Arturo , Guzmán-Priego Crystell Guadalupe , Nolasco-Rosales Germán Alberto , Tovilla-Zarate Carlos Alfonso , Flores-Barrientos Oscar Israel , Narváez-Osorio Víctor , Baeza-Flores Guadalupe del Carmen , Gonzalez-Castro Thelma Beatriz , López-Brito Carlos Ramón , Denis-García Carlos Alberto , Pérez-García Agustín , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther 
Published: February 2021

Background
Due to the wide spread of SARS-CoV2 around the world, the risk of death in individuals with metabolic comorbidities has dangerously increased. Mexico has a high number of infected individuals and deaths by COVID-19 as well as an important burden of metabolic diseases; nevertheless, reports about features of Mexican individuals with COVID-19 are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic features, clinical characteristics and the pharmacological treatment of individuals who died by COVID-19 in the south of Mexico.

Methods
We performed an observational study including the information of 185 deceased individuals with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19. Data were retrieved from medical records. Categorical data were expressed as proportions (%) and numerical data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Comorbidities and overlapping symptoms were plotted as Venn diagrams. Drug clusters were plotted as dendrograms.

Results
The mean age was 59.53 years. There was a male predominance (60.1%). The mean hospital stay was 4.75 ± 4.43 days. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (88.77%), fever (71.42%) and dry cough (64.28%). Present comorbidities included diabetes (60.63%), hypertension (59.57%) and obesity (43.61%). The main drugs used for treating COVID-19 were azithromycin (60.6%), hydroxychloroquine (53.0%) and oseltamivir (27.3%).

Conclusions
Mexican individuals who died of COVID-19 had shorter hospital stays, higher frequency of shortness of breath, and higher prevalence of diabetes than individuals from other countries. Also, there was a high frequency of off-label use of drugs for their treatment.
Determining the willingness of Australians to export their corneas on death
Authors: Machin Heather M. , Buckland Lisa , Critchley Christine , Wiffen Steven , Sutton Gerard , Baird Paul N. 
Published: February 2021

Background
12.7 million people await a corneal transplant, but 53% are without access to corneal tissue. Sharing corneal tissue across nations can provide some access, however the willingness of export populations, like Australians, to export their donation on death, has never been evaluated. Our research samples the Australian population, determining their willingness to export.

Materials and method
We conducted e-surveys. N = 1044 Australians participated. The sample represented the Australian population, based on population demographics. Chi-Square and bivariate correlation coefficients examined associations between categorical variables, with a sample size of N = 1044, power of 0.80, and alpha of p = 0.05. Outcome measures were based on population sampling, by exploring willingness export, through the e-survey method.

Results
38% (n = 397) of respondents said yes to exportation, 23.8% (n = 248) said no, and 38.2% (n = 399) were undecided. We found no relationship between willingness to export and general demographics, though those registered on the Donatelife Register (p = < .001), and those already willing to donate their eyes (p = < .001) were significantly more willing to export.

Discussion
More Australians are willing to export their corneas than not, though a significant portion remain undecided. The Donatelife Register, and donation awareness, are key components of respondent decision making. Therefore, the provision of information about exportation prior to, and at the point-of-donation, is essential for assisting Australian’s to decide to export or not. Further examination and development of consent-for-export systems are necessary before routine exportation is undertaken.
Efficacy of ultrasound-guided forearm nerve block versus forearm intravenous regional anaesthesia in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jalil Hassanin , Polfliet Florence , Nijs Kristof , Bruckers Liesbeth , De Wachter Gerrit , Callebaut Ina , Salimans Lene , Van de Velde Marc , Stessel Björn 
Published: February 2021

Background and objectivesDistal upper extremity surgery is commonly performed under regional anaesthesia, including intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) and ultrasound-guided forearm nerve block. This study aimed to investigate if ultrasound-guided forearm nerve block is superior to forearm IVRA in producing a surgical block in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release.MethodsIn this observer-blinded, randomized controlled superiority trial, 100 patients undergoing carpal tunnel release were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided forearm nerve block (n = 50) or forearm IVRA (n = 50). The primary outcome was anaesthetic efficacy evaluated by classifying the blocks as complete vs incomplete. Complete anaesthesia was defined as total sensory block, incomplete anaesthesia as mild pain requiring more analgesics or need of general anaesthesia. Pain intensity on a numeric rating scale (0–10) was recorded. Surgeon satisfaction with hemostasis, surgical time, and OR stay time were recorded. Patient satisfaction with the quality of the block was assessed at POD 1.ResultsIn total, 43 (86%) of the forearm nerve blocks were evaluated as complete, compared to 33 (66%) of the forearm IVRA (p = 0.019). After the forearm nerve block, pain intensity was lower at discharge (-1.76 points lower, 95% CI (-2.92, -0.59), p = 0.0006) compared to patients treated with forearm IVRA. No differences in pain experienced at the start of the surgery, during surgery, and at POD1, nor in surgical time or total OR stay were observed between groups. Surgeon (p = 0.0016) and patient satisfaction (p = 0.0023) were slightly higher after forearm nerve block.ConclusionAn ultrasound-guided forearm nerve block is superior compared to forearm IVRA in providing a surgical block in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release.Trial registrationThis trial was registered asNCT03411551.
The International Research Collaboration, Learning and Promoting Innovation Capability in Indonesia Medical Sectors
Authors: Fizzanty Trina , Kusnandar Kusnandar , Setiawan Sigit , Manalu Radot , Oktaviyanti Dini 
Published: February 2021

<p>Research collaboration accross countries is known as a promising strategy to enhance science and technology capacity and is more popular for researchers as it contributes to research productivity. In the context of a developing economy, like Indonesia, the goal of international research collaboration is to increase scientific capacity of researchers in developing economy, however limited information how the international research collaboration could promote innovation. This paper aims to reveal research results in medical research collaboration between institution in Indonesia and other countries and how the collaboration could promote innovation. Case study of eight international collaboration research projects in medical research were utilized, in which Indonesian researchers worked collaboratively with foresign researchers. The reseach found that international research collaboration has opened opportunities for Indonesian researchers to learn and upgrade their capability and be able to contribute to scientific knowledge. Collaborative research in the medical areana requires long term research and significant funding support. Based on the case studies, none of international research projects reached commercialization stage, because clinical research requires significant funding and the involvement of industry as clinical trials would enhance innovation.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: international research collaboration, innovation capacity, medical innovation, collaboration process, Indonesia.</p>
Inverse obstacle scattering with non-over-determined data
Authors: Ramm Alexander G. 
Published: February 2021

t is proved that the scattering amplitude \(A(\beta, \alpha_0, k_0)\), known for all \(\beta\in S^2\), where \(S^2\) is the unit sphere in \(\mathbb{R}^3\), and fixed \(\alpha_0\in S^2\) and \(k_0>0\), determines uniquely the surface \(S\) of the obstacleÂ \(D\) and the boundary condition on \(S\). The boundary condition onÂ \(S\) is assumed to be the Dirichlet, or Neumann, or the impedance one. The uniqueness theorem for the solution of multidimensional inverse scattering problems with non-over-determined data was not known for many decades.A detailed proof of such a theorem is given in this paper for inverse scattering by obstacles for the first time. It follows from our results that the scattering solution vanishing on the boundaryÂ \(S\) of the obstacle cannot have closed surfaces of zeros in the exterior of the obstacle different from \(S\). To have a uniqueness theorem for inverse scattering problems with non-over-determined data is of principal interest because these are the minimal scattering data that allow one to uniquely recover the scatterer.
Effects of integrated nutrient management on performance of t. aus rice (BRRI dhan48) in old brahmaputra floodplain soil
Authors: Kaisar Nahid , Zofar Md. Moslehuddin Abu , Mahbubul Alam Tarafder Md. , Sohanur Rahman Md. 
Published: February 2021

A field experiment was conducted at Sutiakhali, Mymensingh to see the effect of integrated nutrient management on performance of T. Aus rice (BRRI dhan48) during March to July 2015 following Randomized Complete Block Design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were T1: RD (N75 P12 K45 S9), T2: STB (N74 P11 K36 S7), T3: INM (N54 P5 K27 S5+ CD @ 5.0 t haâˆ’1), T4: Farmerâ€™s practice (N69 P30 K37), and T5: Control (no fertilizer). The highest values for plant height (97.35 cm), effective tillers hill-1(19.45) panicle length (23.49 cm), filled grains panicle-1 (123.7), 1000-grain weight (25.39 g), grain yield (4.823t ha-1), straw yield (8.462 t ha-1) and biological yield (13.29 t ha-1) were obtained from T3: INM. Lowest values found in T5: Control. The maximum N, P, K and S uptake by grain (35.55, 6.99, 15.20 and 3.38 kg/ha respectively) were obtained from the application of INM. The minimum N, P, K and S uptake by grain (20.08, 3.64, 8.35 and 1.74 kg/ha respectively) were found from T5: Control. Similarly, the maximum N, P, K and S uptake by straw (3.38, 5.43, 99.25 and 7.37 kg/ha respectively) were found from T3: INM. The minimum N, P, K and S uptake by straw (1.74, 2.67, 49.70 and 3.87 kg/ha respectively) were obtained from T5 (Control). Among treatments, T3 produced highest grain and straw of BRRI dhan48. Chemical fertilizers in combination with manure based on INM could be recommended for BRRI dhan48 production in aus season.Â Â Â Â
Yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan49 as influenced by integrated use of banana leaves with inorganic potassium fertilizer
Authors: Abdul Mannan Md. , Abul Hashem Md. , Sohanur Rahman Md. , Uddin Talukder Fakhar , Kamrujjaman Md. 
Published: February 2021

A field experiment was carried out at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during aman season of 2014 to study the integrated use of banana leaves with inorganic potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of BRRI dhan49 following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The highest plant height (85.55cm), panicle length (21.46cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.54), number of filled grains panicle-1 (149.53), 1000-grain weight (21.85gm), grain yields (5.66 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.81 t ha-1) were obtained in the treatment T3 and the lowest plant height (77.10cm), panicle length (18.85cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (8.64), number of filled grains panicle-1 (112.11), 1000-grain weight (19.96gm), grain yields (3.50 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.73 t ha-1) were recorded in the control. It can be recommended to integrated use of 50% K from banana leaves+50% K from MoP on growth and yield of BRRI dhan49.Â Â Â
Application of airborne radiometric method in geologic mapping of Malufashi area and Environs, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Stephen Onyejiuwaka Ibe , Charity Nkiru Nwokeabia 
Published: February 2021

In this study, the airborne radiometric data over Masufashi Area of Katsina State and Environs, Northwestern Nigeria were acquired, processed and gridded to generate the concentration maps of percentage Potassium, equivalent Thorium and equivalent Uranium in order to carry out the geologic mapping of the area. Additionally, the abundance ratios, U/Th, U/K and Th/K and the ternary images of the three radioactive elements were produced. The images obtained from the radiometric data showed that the study area comprises five major rock types, based on their variation in the concentration of the three radioactive elements. The actual extent, boundary and distribution of the rock units within the study area were defined; hydrothermal alteration zones were mapped. The altered zones were noted to be associated with mineralization in the quartzite rich schist formation. The interpretation also proved valuable in demarcating some rock types with different properties. The delineated geology and hydrothermally altered zones led to the identification of nine zones with the potentials of gold mineralization. The delineated structures aided the design of the geologic map of the study area. This research showed the value added by airborne geophysics in geologic mapping and recommends the analysis of airborne data as a major phase during reconnaissance survey, prior to geologic mapping.Â Â
Precipitation concentration index (PCI) a tool to evaluate the distribution of Rainfall, Barishal, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Sudip 
Published: February 2021

The present research work reveals the mean annual rainfall of Barishal is 2087.34 mm for the investigated period. The maximum annual rainfall was 3390 mm in the year of 1960 and minimum annual rainfall was recorded as 1277 mm in the year of 1964. The annual rainfall is inversely correlated with time. The maximum monthly rainfall is recorded in the month of July. The amount of annual rainfall is strongly significantly positively correlated with the monthly rainfall of May, June, July, August and September. In Barishal, the value of skewness for all rainfall data are positive that indicate the data are skewed to the right. The positive value of kurtosis of the eleven months of the year (except July) means a peaked distribution and a negative value in the month of July reveals the flat distribution with the same mean and standard deviation. The annual PCI value is inversely proportional to the annual rainfall. The analyses of seasonal precipitation concentration index (SPCI) reveals that the rainfall is uniformly distributed in summer monsoon whereas the winter rainfall shows the dominance of strong irregularity in precipitation distribution.Â Â
Syn-collisional pan-African granite in the northern part Birnin Gwari schist belt in NW Nigeria
Authors: Oluyede Kehinde , KlÃ¶tzli Urs 
Published: February 2021

Syn-collisional granite in the northern part of the Birnin Gwari schist belt consists dominantly of granite and lesser granodiorite and quartzolite. Petrographic and geÂ¬ochemical data revealed three granite groups: the biotite-hornblende granite (quartzolite - BHG); the biotite granite (BG) and the biotite-muscovite granite (BMG). The rocks generally have calc-alkaline and high-K calc-alkaline affinities, and calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic, peraluminous and ferroan and magnesian geochemistry. They are characterized by LILE enrichment, high LREE fractionation factor [(La/Yb) (6.74 to 45.14] with weak to moderate negative Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.38 to 0.62) and strong negative Nb, P and Ti anomalies. Variation in the behavior of lithophile elements (Ba, Sr and Rb) revealed diverse granite trend such as â€œhigh and low Ba-Srâ€; â€œnormalâ€, â€œanomalousâ€ â€œstrongly differentiatedâ€ and â€œgranodiorite and quartz dioriteâ€ granite. Their display of similar trace elements and REE patterns suggest they are cogenetic. Major and trace element data indicate differentiation of a mafic magma and partial melting of crustal components inherited from shale-greywacke and quartzose sedimentary protoliths in volcanic arc and post collisional settings. The field and geochemical characteristics of this granite suggest that they are similar to other granites in schist belts in other parts of Nigeria, forming the lateral continuation of the same Pan-African magmatic belt.Â Â Â