bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caspase‐3‐mediated GSDME induced Pyroptosis in breast cancer cells through the ROS/JNK signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Ziwen , Zhang Han , Li Dongbo , Zhou Xiaoping , Qin Qi , Zhang Qingyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPyroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death generated by some inflammasomes, piloting the cleavage of gasdermin (GSDM) and stimulation of dormant cytokines like IL‐18 and IL‐1β; these reactions are narrowly linked to certain diseases like diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis. Doxorubicin, a typical anthracycline, and famous anticancer drug has emerged as a prominent medication in several cancer chemotherapies, although its application is accompanied with expending of dose‐dependent, increasing, irreversible and continuing cardiotoxic side effects. However, the exact path that links the induced pyroptosis to the mechanism by which Doxorubicin (DOX) acts against breast cancer cells is still puzzling. The present study seeks to elucidate the potential link between DOX‐induced cell death and pyroptosis in two human breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and T47D). We proved that treatment with DOX reduced the cell viability in a dose‐dependent way and induced pyroptosis morphology in MDA‐MB‐231 and T47D cells. Also, protein expression analyses revealed GSDME as a key regulator in DOX‐induced pyroptosis and highlighted the related role of Caspase‐3 activation. Furthermore, DOX treatments induced intracellular accumulation of ROS, stimulated the phosphorylation of JNK, and Caspase‐3 activation, subsequently. In conclusion, the study suggests that GSDME triggered DOX‐induced pyroptosis in the caspase‐3 dependent reactions through the ROS/JNK signalling pathway. Additionally, it showed that the DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity and pyroptosis in breast cancer cells can be minimized by reducing the protein level of GSDME; thus, these outcomes provide a new research target and implications for the anticancer investigations and therapeutic applications.
Comparison between genome sequences of Chilean Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi isolated from red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) focusing on bacterial virulence determinants
Authors: Saldarriaga‐Córdoba Mónica , Irgang Rute , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTenacibaculum dicentrarchi is an emerging pathogen for salmonid cultures and red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis) in Chile, causing high economic losses not only in Chile but also to the global salmon industry. Infected fish show severe gross skin lesions that are sometimes accompanied by bone exposure. Despite pathogenicity demonstrated by Koch's postulates, no knowledge is currently available regarding the virulence machinery of T. dicentrarchi strains. Comparisons between the genome sequences of the eight T. dicentrarchi strains obtained from G. chilensis and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) provide insights on the existence of genomic diversity within this bacterium. The T. dicentrarchi type strain 3509T was used as a reference genome. Depending on the T. dicentrarchi strain, the discovered diversity included genes associated with iron acquisition mechanisms, copper homeostasis encoding, resistance to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones, pathogenic genomic islands and phages. Interestingly, genes encoding the T9SS membrane protein PorP/SprF were retrieved in all of the analysed T. dicentrarchi strains, regardless of the host fish (i.e. red conger eel or Atlantic salmon). However, the T6SS core component protein VgrG was identified in only one Atlantic salmon strain. Three types of peptidase genes and proteins associated with quorum sensing were detected in all of the T. dicentrarchi strains. In turn, all eight strains presented a total of 17 proteins associated with biofilm formation, which was previously confirmed through physiological studies. This comparative analysis will help elucidate and describe the genes and pathways that are likely involved in the virulence process of T. dicentrarchi. All or part of these predicted genes could aid the pathogen during the infective process in fish, making further physiological research necessary for clarification.
The dendron and episodic neuropeptide release
Authors: Herbison Allan E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe unexpected observation that the long processes of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons not only conducted action potentials, but also operated to integrate afferent information at their distal‐most extent gave rise to the concept of a blended dendritic‐axonal process termed the “dendron”. The proximal dendrites of the GnRH neuron function in a conventional manner, receiving synaptic inputs and initiating action potentials that are critical for the surge mode of GnRH secretion. The distal dendrons are regulated by both classical synapses and volume transmission and likely operate using subthreshold electrotonic propagation into the nearby axon terminals in the median eminence. Evidence indicates that neural processing at the distal dendron is responsible for the pulsatile patterning of GnRH secretion. Although the dendron remains unique to the GnRH neuron, data show that it exists in both mice and rats and may be a common feature of mammalian species in which GnRH neuron cell bodies do not migrate into the basal hypothalamus. This review outlines the discovery and function of the dendron as a unique neuronal structure optimised to generate episodic neuronal output.
Absence of the mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa in mice does not affect body weight or food intake responses to altered energy availability
Authors: Morrissey Nicole A. , Beall Craig , Ellacott Kate L. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChanges in mitochondrial function in a variety of cells/tissues are critical for orchestrating systemic energy homeostasis and are linked to the development of obesity and many of its comorbidities. The mitochondrial translocator protein of 18 kDa (TSPO) is expressed in organs throughout the body, including the brain, liver, adipose tissue, gonads and adrenal glands, where it is implicated in regulating steroidogenesis and cellular metabolism. Prior work from our group and others has shown that, in rodents, TSPO levels are altered in adipose tissue by obesity and that modulation of TSPO activity may impact systemic glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, in vitro studies in a variety of cell types have implicated TSPO in mediating cellular energetics and substrate utilisation. Although mice with germline global TSPO deficiency (TSPO−/−) have no reported changes in body weight under standard husbandry conditions, we hypothesised that, given the roles of TSPO in regulating mitochondrial function and cellular metabolic flexibility, these animals may have alterations in their systemic response to altered energy availability, either nutritional excess or insufficiency. In agreement with published work, compared to wild‐type (TSPO+/+) littermates, TSPO−/− mice of both sexes did not exhibit differences in body weight on standard chow. Furthermore, following a 12‐hour overnight fast, there was no difference in weight loss or compensatory food intake during re‐feeding. Five weeks of feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD) did not reveal any impact of the absence of TSPO on body weight gain in either male or female mice. Basal blood glucose levels and glucose clearance in a glucose tolerance test were influenced by feeding a HFD diet but not by genotype. In conclusion, in the paradigms examined, germline global deletion of TSPO did not change the physiological response to deviations in systemic energy availability at the whole organism level.
The impact of sports stadiums on localized commercial activity: Evidence from a Business Improvement District
Authors: Bradbury John Charles 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis analysis exploits the relocation of a professional baseball team from downtown Atlanta to a pre‐existing Community Improvement District (CID) in suburban Cobb County to estimate the impact of the stadium development on commercial property values. The existence of multiple CIDs in the metro‐Atlanta area provides the opportunity to estimate a counterfactual comparison absent the stadium to draw causal inference regarding the stadium's impact on economic activity using the synthetic control method. Estimates do not identify increased commercial property values from the stadium development, which is consistent with past studies that find little to no positive impact on economic activity.
Reference values for penile and clitoral lengths of healthy term Egyptian newborn infants
Authors: Badawy Magda , Fawaz Lubna A , Abd El Baky Hend , Elkhashab Amr , Hussein Ahmed A , Mira Marwa F 
Published: August 2021

AimExamination of the external genital organs is an integral part of the routine physical examination of the newborn. Early recognition of micropenis or clitoromegaly is important as they may be the only obvious manifestation of pituitary or hypothalamic hormonal deficiencies at birth. Studies suggest that differences in penile or clitoral anthropometry may exist between different populations. Therefore, reference values for genital organs dimensions should be available and well known to medical personnel. We aim to establish reference values for the penile length in Egyptian newborn boys and reference values for the clitoral length in Egyptian newborn girls and to define micropenis and clitoromegaly according to Egyptian reference values.MethodsA total of 500 healthy term newborn boys and 500 healthy term newborn girls were enrolled in the study. Stretched penile length and clitoral length were measured during the first 7 days of postnatal life. Birth weight, length and head circumference were measured and recorded.ResultsThe mean (±SD) stretched penile length was 3.16 ± 0.41 cm. The mean (±SD) clitoral length was 0.51 ± 0.13. There was no significant correlation between penile or clitoral length, and body weight, length or head circumference.ConclusionOur study provides reference values for normal penile length and clitoral length in Egyptian newborns. Our study suggests that among healthy term Egyptian newborns, penile length of less than 2.13 cm may be considered micropenis and clitoral length of more than 0.83 cm may be considered clitoromegaly.
Structural injustice and dismantling racism in health and healthcare
Authors: Essex Ryan , Markowski Marianne , Miller Denise 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRacism in health and healthcare has long been recognised as a structural issue. While there has been growing research and a number of important initiatives that have come from approaching racism as a structural issue, there is a range of implications that yet have to be explored as they relate to health and healthcare. Conceptualising racism in this way provides a means to consider how it shapes and is shaped by a range of global injustices and serves as a foundation for more egregious harms. It also suggests that if we are to dismantle racism, we need to look both within and beyond the traditional domains of health and healthcare and account for a range of broader forces that sustain and re‐enforce racism. We first discuss the issue of responsibility, drawing on Young's social connection model to argue that we all have a responsibility to take action in addressing structural racism. We will then deal with a question that naturally follows, namely how we discharge our responsibilities, with a focus on the role of disruptive action in challenging power and ignorance in dismantling racism in health and healthcare.
Development of a slovenian version of the pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI‐SLO) for use with older adults
Authors: Kmetec Sergej , Fekonja Zvonka , Davey Adam , Mlinar Reljić Nataša , Lorber Mateja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPoor sleep quality predicts poor quality of life, poor self‐rated health, and chronic diseases and mental disorders among older adults. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is the most widely used self‐report measure of sleep quality in older adults.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess internal reliability, face validity, content validity and internal consistency of the Slovenian version of the PSQI (PSQI‐SLO) for sleep quality in older adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was used to evaluate content and face validity as well as reliability (ɑ, ω and item‐total correlations). Residents of 13 nursing homes and community‐dwelling older adults from all regions of Slovenia were sampled. A total of 831 participants aged 65 years and older participated in the study between March and August 2019.ResultsAll items were successfully translated to Slovenian. A minor cultural adaptation was made to improve the clarity of the meaning of all items. None of the items had an item content validity index (I‐CVI) score lower than 0.50. Kappa indices were excellent for half of the items and good for the remainder. Internal consistency agreed with prior research (ɑ = 0.74). Intraclass correlation coefficient for global PSQI‐SLO was 0.62 (p < 0.001). The total score of PSQI‐SLO (8.09 ± 3.64 (95%, CI = 7.85–8.34)) was expected and comparable. Fifty‐eight and four tenths’ per cent (95%, CI = 55%–62%) had at least one chronic disease and 40% (95%, CI = 37%–42%) lived in a nursing home.ConclusionsPSQI‐SLO showed adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and adequate construct and criterion validity. The instrument can be important in assessing older adults’ subjective sleep quality in nursing homes, home environment and clinical settings.
Reflections on 2020
Authors: Gaines Kevin K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn his 1953 novel of ideas, The Outsider, Richard Wright ominously predicted that industrial capitalist society would inexorably result in “the total and absolute in modern life.” Wright did not mean that Soviet communism would prevail, capturing the hearts and minds of Americans. His point was that the West's capitalist democracy was just as capable of slouching toward a dystopian, totalitarian future as the Soviet Union. How might Wright’s prescient thoughts on the death of liberal democracy inform our attempts to save ourselves from the “totalitarian danger” looming in the United States? As multiracial American democracy, voting rights, and the rule of law are under assault from the U.S. far right, it is abundantly clear that anti‐Black racism animates the enemies of democracy and those who would establish and support autocratic rule. These reflections seek to historicize the assault on democracy in the US and the epochal events of 2020, including: the global protests following the murder of George Floyd by police; the death of hundreds of thousands in the US during the global Coronavirus pandemic; and concerted efforts by Trump and the far‐right to destroy multiracial democracy before and after the 2020 election, culminating in the violent insurrection at the Capitol on January 6, 2021.
Actions define a character: Assessment centers as behavior‐focused personality measures
Authors: Heimann Anna Luca , Ingold Pia V. , Lievens Filip , Melchers Klaus G. , Keen Gert , Kleinmann Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo expand our knowledge of personality assessment, this study connects research and theory related to two common selection methods: assessment centers (ACs) and personality inventories. We examine the validity of personality‐based AC ratings within a multi‐method framework. Drawing from the self‐other knowledge asymmetry model (Vazire, 2010), we propose that AC ratings are suited to capture personality traits that are observable in social interactions, whereas other methods (i.e., self‐ratings) are useful to assess more internal traits. We obtained data from two personality‐based ACs, self‐ and other‐rated personality inventories, and supervisor ratings of job performance. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that personality‐based AC ratings reflected the Big Five traits. Consistent with the self‐other knowledge asymmetry model, AC ratings of more observable personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Intellect/Openness) were correlated with inventory‐based measures of these traits. AC ratings demonstrated incremental validity in predicting job performance over inventory‐based personality measures for some traits (including Agreeableness, and Intellect/Openness) but self‐ratings also demonstrated incremental validity over AC ratings (for Conscientiousness). This implies that different personality measures capture unique information, thereby complementing each other. Yet, AC effect sizes were modest, suggesting that running personality‐based ACs is advisable only under specific circumstances.
Genetic variability and molecular evolution of arabis mosaic virus based on the coat protein gene sequence
Authors: Komorowska Beata , Hasiów‐Jaroszewska Beata , Budzyńska Daria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArabis mosaic virus (ArMV) is an important pathogen infecting a wide range of plant species worldwide. In the present study, we carried out exhaustive phylogenetic analyses based on the coat protein (CP) sequence of ArMV isolates originating from different host plants and geographic regions. Maximum‐likelihood reconstruction revealed the presence of three distinct, well‐supported phylogroups. BaTS analyses indicated that the diversity of ArMV isolates may be correlated with both host plant and geographic origin. Moreover, population genetic analyses showed significant differences in the level of genetic diversity among variants within ArMV that originated from rhubarb plants, as expected by quasispecies. Further analysis revealed that both selection and recombination are shaping the population structure of ArMV. In total 14 groups of residues were detected as coevolving for different amino acid properties.
Varieties of health care digitalization: Comparing advocacy coalitions in Austria and Germany
Authors: Bogumil‐Uçan Simon , Klenk Tanja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper compares the politics of e‐health policy with a particular focus on the implementation of e‐health records (e‐HRs) in two SHI countries: Austria and Germany. Although these countries share many similarities in terms of political and health care regime, they differ widely with respect to health care digitalization. Thus, the question arises which configuration of factors has facilitated health system digitalization in Austria while being potentially absent in Germany. As a research strategy, we use the Advocacy Coalition Framework to identify the respective actor coalitions for and against the advancement of e‐HRs and analyze how their formation, their resources, and strategies are related to country‐specific governance structures. We find that differences in the beliefs of patient representatives; variations in the institutional access for physician associations; and, finally, differing internal dynamics within the pro e‐HRs main coalition do account for differences in health care digitalization.
Youth underemployment: A review of research on young people and the problems of less(er) employment in an era of mass education
Authors: Churchill Brendan , Khan Chabel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, we examine the problem of youth underemployment and how it is conceptualised, operationalised and understood within wider sociology, with particular focus on the sociology of youth and youth studies literature. We outline the contours of this body of work, showing how in most cases underemployment is undefined and used as a general term to describe the challenges and inadequacies of the contemporary labour market for young people. Further, we show how despite a lack of clarity, most researchers in this field contend that underemployment is increasing for young people, becoming a normative experience, cutting across class, ethnicity and gender. For some, however, underemployment is a ‘choice’, but as the literature shows, how different groups of young people respond to underemployment varies. In addition, we show how overeducation, another form of underemployment, is being understood by both researchers and young people as a ‘new normal’ rather than being challenged as another flank in the on‐going neo‐liberalisation and massification of education. We conclude with a call to think through the ideas presented and to develop new understandings of youth underemployment that can facilitate change. The sensitising concept ofless(er)employment is proposed as best placed to facilitate this reanimation.
Acceptance and willingness to pay for COVID‐19 vaccines among pregnant women in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Long Hoang , Hoang Men Thi , Nguyen Lam Duc , Ninh Ly Thi , Nguyen Ha Thi Thu , Nguyen Anh Duy , Vu Linh Gia , Vu Giang Thu , Doan Linh Phuong , Latkin Carl A. , Tran Bach Xuan , Ho Cyrus S.H. , Ho Roger C.M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccination and the willingness to pay (WTP) for it, and investigate associated factors among pregnant women in Vietnam.MethodsCross‐sectional survey of pregnant women in two obstetric hospitals in Hanoi and Ca Mau provinces, Vietnam. Data on acceptance and WTP for COVID‐19, demographic characteristics, maternal characteristics, and risk perceptions toward COVID‐19 were collected. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were performed to identify factors associated with the acceptance and WTP for the vaccine.ResultsOf 651 pregnant women, 60.4% accepted to receive the vaccine, and 82.6% of the total pregnant women were willing to pay for a COVID‐19 vaccine with the mean amount of WTP of USD 15.2 (SD ± 27.4). The most common reason for refusing vaccination was “Worry about the safety of the vaccine” (66.9%) in Hanoi and “The preventive effect of COVID‐19 is low” (45.2%) in Ca Mau. A higher income, having children, self‐perceived risk of COVID‐19 infection, and perceived risk to friends were associated with a higher likelihood of acceptance and WTP for the vaccine.ConclusionsImplementing COVID‐19 vaccination and resource mobilisation among pregnant women in Vietnam is feasible, although communication programmes to improve risk perception and awareness about vaccine should be developed for facilitating acceptance of the vaccine.
AgroLux: bioluminescent Agrobacterium to improve molecular pharming and study plant immunity
Authors: Jutras Philippe V. , Soldan Riccardo , Dodds Isobel , Schuster Mariana , Preston Gail M. , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYAgroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used to transiently express heterologous proteins in plants. However, the state of Agrobacterium itself is not well studied in agroinfiltrated tissues, despite frequent studies of immunity genes conducted through agroinfiltration. Here, we generated a bioluminescent strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 to monitor the luminescence of Agrobacterium during agroinfiltration. By integrating a single copy of the lux operon into the genome, we generated a stable ‘AgroLux’ strain, which is bioluminescent without affecting Agrobacterium growth in vitro and in planta. To illustrate its versatility, we used AgroLux to demonstrate that high light intensity post infiltration suppresses both Agrobacterium luminescence and protein expression. We also discovered that AgroLux can detect Avr/Cf‐induced immune responses before tissue collapse, establishing a robust and rapid quantitative assay for the hypersensitive response (HR). Thus, AgroLux provides a non‐destructive, versatile and easy‐to‐use imaging tool to monitor both Agrobacterium and plant responses.