bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive Use of Ultraporous β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Void Filler in Spinal Arthrodesis
Authors: Meadows Gilbert R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spinal fusion is one of the most common clinical indications for bone grafting. However, synthetic bone substitutes are needed to ameliorate limited availability, donor site morbidity, and potential disease transmission concerns associated with autograft and allograft. One new synthetic bone substitute, Vltoss (Orthovita, Malvern, Pa), is an ultraporous formulation of β-tricalclum phosphate (β-TCP). This study examines 50 patients who received ultraporous β-TCP bone void filler as an adjunct to autogenous bone graft while undergoing spinal fusion procedures. All patients underwent decompressive laminectomy with bilateral posterolateral intertransverse fusion (PLITF) using bone graft mixed with ultraporous β-TCP, with and without instrumentation. Some patients also underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using cages and bone graft. Thirty-two patients were studied for at least 5-7 months postoperatively. Of these patients, 1 00% demonstrated good consolidation on follow-up radiographs. The use of iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) was avoided entirely in 7 (14%) of the 50 patients, and 30% less ICBC volume was required on average in others. Only 3 patients (7%) had donor site-associated pain. Controlled studies are being conducted to support the clinical impression that ultraporous β-TCP used as a bone void filler in spinal arthrodesis facilitates bone healing at both the spinal and donor operative sites, and contributes to less overall morbidity.
Spondylolysis: Returning the Athlete to Sports Participation With Brace Treatment
Authors: d'Hemecourt Pierre A , Zurakowski David , Kriemler Susi , Micheli Lyle J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Between 1988 and 1995, 73 adolescent athletes treated with the Boston Overlap Brace for spondylolysis were reviewed to evaluate improvement in pain score and activity level. A favorable clinical outcome was achieved in 80%. Girls and boys who participated in high-risk sports were five times more likely to have an unfavorable clinical outcome than those who participated in low-risk sports (odds ratio=5, 95% confidence interval=2.4-7.5, P=.003). In addition, acute onset of pain and hamstring tightness were associated with a worse outcome. Athletes with symptomatic spondylolysis treated with an antilordotic brace can expect improvement in their clinical course and return to sports participation in 4-6 weeks.
A Cost Analysis of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Versus Autogenous Iliac Crest Bone Graft in Single-Level Anterior Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Polly David W , Ackerman Stacey J , Shaffrey Christopher I , Ogilvie James W , Wang Jeffrey C , Stralka Susan W , Mafilios Michael S , Heim Stephen E , Sandhu Harvinder S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An economic model was developed to compare costs of stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 on an absorbable collagen sponge versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft in a tapered cylindrical cage or a threaded cortical bone dowel. The economic model was developed from clinical trial data, peer-reviewed literature, and clinical expert opinion. The upfront price of bone morphogenetic protein (S3380) is likely to be offset to a significant extent by reductions in the use of other medical resources, particularly if costs incurred during the 2-year period following the index hospitalization are taken into account.
The Diabetic Foot: Update on a Common Clinical Syndrome
Authors: Stein Haim , Yaacobi Esther , Steinberg Raya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3995 non-hospitalized diabetic patients to evaluate symptoms commonly associated with "diabetic foot" syndrome. Each patient was examined twice over 2 years during routine follow-up. The male/female ratio differed significantly between the study group and general population. Men were more prevalent in the diabetic group up to age 49 years. Thereafter, the proportion of females increased. The clinical signs present in various combinations in those with diabetic feet were dermatological findings, foot and toe deformities, open wounds and ulcerations, pulselessness, and neurological deficiencies. The female/male ratio for each symptom was significantly higher for women except for ulcerations, which were more common in men.
Noninvasive Measurement of Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Dickson Kyle F , Sullivan Michael J , Steinberg Bruce , Myers Leann , Anderson Edward R , Harris Mitch 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study compared the effectiveness of a commercially available invasive intracompartmental pressure measuring device with an investigational noninvasive hardness measuring device in 75 patients undergoing examination for possible compartment syndrome. Legs, forearms, thighs, and arms were tested.
Pressure values and hardness ratios were compared to one another as continuous variables and to the clinical diagnosis of compartment syndrome as discrete variables. The compartment with the highest pressure reading within a limb diagnosed with compartment syndrome was compared to limbs without compartment syndrome. Due to the low specificity of the noninvasive measurement of hardness compared to the invasive pressure measurement (0.82 versus 0.96), this study does not support the use of the hardness monitor in the. diagnosis of compartment syndrome.
Academic Middle Managers for Baccalaureate Nursing: Work Motivation and Satisfaction
Authors: Carpenter Karen D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seventy-nine percent of academic middle managers for baccalaureate nursing reported that they did not plan to continue in their current management positions, or advance in academic leadership positions (George, 1981). This study examined the relationships between the job characteristics, a mediating variable "growth need strength", and the general job satisfaction and work motivation of academic middle managers for baccalaureate nursing.
The sample was drawn from the population of academic middle managers for baccalaureate nursing in 126 colleges and universities across the United States that oner both baccalaureate and higher nursing degree programs. Sixty seven percent returned the Job Diagnostic Survey Short Form (JDSSFX
The findings were interpreted through an examination of three analytical techniques: zero-order correlations, multiple regression, and multiple regression with interaction.
Findings indicate that the dependent variable, "internal work motivation," can be measured in the population, but it cannot be predicted using the seven job characteristics measured by the JDSSF.
The job characteristic autonomy was significant in predicting "general job satisfaction." General job satisfaction also proved to be some combination of security satisfaction and growth need satisfaction. Both independent variables "autonomy" and "feedback from the job itself were significant in predicting growth need satisfaction.
As a mediating variable, "growth need strength" was not significant in predicting general job satisfaction in a linear model, nor was it significant when entered as an interactive term. However, the multiplicative model did increase, by four percent above the linear model, the amount of variance predictable in general job satisfaction.
To increase the general job satisfaction and growth need satisfaction of academic middle managers for baccalaureate nursing, administrators may wish to increase the degree to which freedom, independence, and discretion of the middle manager is allowed in scheduling their work and in determining the work procedures to be used and to expand opportunities for middle managers to obtain direct and clear information about the effectiveness of their performance from the work activity itself.
Lesbian Phobia Among BSN Educators: A Survey
Authors: Randall Carla E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This exploratory study identified the attitudes of BSN educators in a midwestern state towards lesbians. A 50% (N100) return rate of mailed questionnaires elicited responses to 48 statements about lesbians and lesbianism on a modified Likert scale. The questionnaire included general demographic data and responses to statements seeking information about topics of lesbianism or lesbian issues. Specific areas addressed included moral and ethical responses, knowledge statements, sexuality or sex related statements, normalness of lesbians and lesbian behavior, and social contact with lesbians. Notable findings revealed that BSN educators were not personally fearful of sexual advances from lesbians; however, they did indicate concern about lesbians molesting and caring for children as well as lesbians in the role of educators. More than half believed that lesbianism is not a natural expression of human sexuality.
The Relationship Between Changing Answers and Performance on Multiple-Choice Nursing Examinations
Authors: Jordan Lila , Johnson Don 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate answer changing among undergraduate nursing students on multiple choice examinations. The sample included 284 students enrolled in the upper division of a baccalaureate nursing program. Answer sheets were examined for erasures to determine the number and direction of changes made. The results of the study indicated that most students changed at least one answer. Analysis of the data indicated that there was a significant difference between changing from wrong to right versus changing from right to wrong. About 55.3% gained points as a result of changing answers while only 18.3% lost points.
The Relationship Between Clinical Decision-Making Skills in Nursing and General Critical Thinking Abilities of Senior Nursing Students in Four Types of Nursing Programs
Authors: Brooks Karen L , Shepherd Jan M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This descriptive study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between clinical decision-making skills in nursing and critical thinking abilities of senior nursing students in four types of nursing education programs: generic baccalaureate, associate, and diploma - the basic RN programs, along with the upper division baccalaureate (specifically RN completion) program. Fifty senior students from each type of program were conveniently selected. Clinical decision-making in nursing was measured by the Nursing Performance Simulation Instrument. General critical thinking abilities were determined by the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Among the basic RN programs, the higher level of general critical thinking ability was attained by generic baccalaureate seniors (mean score, 61.3) compared with the associate (50.0) and diploma (51.3) seniors. The clinical decisionmaking scores in nursing skills were virtually identical for the three basic programs - generic (32.2), associate (32.2), and diploma (32.3). That is, mean performance scores of the 2-year associate degree, 3-year diploma, and 4-year generic baccalaureate degree students on the Nursing Performance Simulation Instrument showed no statistically significant difference. The mean critical thinking score for the upper division baccalaureate seniors (61.1) was comparable to that of the generic baccalaureate seniors. Clinical decision-making mean score for the upper division seniors was significantly higher (38.0) than those of the other three groups. A weak though significant positive correlation (r= 0.249) between clinical decisionmaking and critical thinking across all four types of programs was found.
We Need to Know More: Nurse Educators' Interest and Expertise in Gerontology
Authors: Ryden Muriel B , Johnson Julie A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An assessment was made of 129 faculty who teach nursing students about the care of aged clients to determine their level of interest and expertise in 21 content areas related to gerontology. Faculty rated their expertise consistently lower than the relevance of, and their interest in, each of the content areas. Areas identified as most important for their professional growth tended to be areas where faculty ranked their expertise as already being high. The mean self-rated expertise of faculty who taught a course in gerontological nursing was significantly higher than those who did not. Most respondents lacked formal education in gerontology: 9% of respondents had gerontology in their undergraduate program; 27% in their graduate program. Only 4% were certified as gerontological nurses or gerontological nurse practitioners.
Description of a Stressful Encounter: Appraisal, Threat, and Challenge
Authors: Burns Kenneth R , Egan Ellen C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine a potentially stressful event for students, the midterm examination, using the Lazarus transactional stress model. At two time periods during an academic term, 50 students responded to questionnaires focused on the midterm examination and its outcome. Responses were used to identify changes in appraisals, personal stakes, perceptions of threat and challenge; to determine these variables' relations to each other and to the examination grade; and to determine the best predictors of threat, challenge, and grade. Results indicated that threat and challenge perceptions were the only variables that changed as the situation evolved; they were negatively correlated. The best predictor of threat and challenge was control, while the only variable that correlated with grade was harm.
An Experience of Peer Mentoring with Student Nurses: Enhancement of Personal and Professional Growth
Authors: Glass Nel , Walter Ruth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article discusses the importance of peer mentoring in nursing education. The current literature is reviewed and areas for further research are identified. Most specifically, the article explores the results of a recent research study conducted at Southern Cross University in Australia. The research investigated the relationship between personal and professional growth and peer mentoring with a group of women nurses. Seven nurses participated in this qualitative research project. Six of the participants were student nurses enrolled in an undergraduate nursing degree and the seventh participant was the degree program coordinator. The research was conducted over a 12-week period and was located in critical paradigm. The research methods used were reflective journaling and interviewing.
The results indicated that the process of peer mentoring in nursing education demonstrated a strong relationship to personal and professional growth for all of the participants. Characteristics of the peer mentoring process such as shared learning, shared caring, reciprocity, commitment to each other's personal and professional growth, and friendship, are discussed.
An Evidence-Based Project for Evaluating Strategies to Improve Knowledge Acquisition and Critical-Thinking Performance in Nursing Students
Authors: Angel Bonnie F , Duffey Margery , Belyea Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This longitudinal, quasi-experimental study with 142 junior nursing students focused on measurement of learning outcomes in two areas: acquisition of knowledge and development of critical thinking skills. The variation in clinical teaching strategy (structured versus unstructured health pattern assessment) was the independent variable. Results indicated significant gains in both knowledge and critical thinking performance from the beginning to the end of the semester. The significant gains in critical thinking performance provides support to the assertion that domain-specific measures of critical thinking are needed in nursing education. Additionally, our results suggested that it was the interaction between learning strategy and the characteristics of the learner that was more significant in determining knowledge improvement than the particular strategy. As a result of this sudy, it is recommended that faculty develop and use an evidence-based model to support their decision making regarding teaching methodologies. This seems especially relevant for large, introductory clinical courses that use team teaching to achieve educational goals related to improvement in critical thinking or knowledge.
The Meaning of the Clinical Learning Experience of Korean Nursing Students
Authors: Shin Kyung Rim 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Clinical learning is the major component of nursing education. Since nursing is a practice discipline, experiential learning in clinical practice is vital in a nursing student's education. Moreover, it is within the structure of clinical practice that nursing students are inducted into the profession of nursing. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the meanings embedded in the clinical learning experience of Korean nursing students. Informants were 25 junior baccalaureate nursing students in their first clinical rotation who volunteered to participate in extended, unstructured audiorecorded interviews, and to submit clinical diaries for six months. The patterns of the lived experience of clinical learning that emerged from this research are illustrated with descriptive data and provide useful insights for nursing faculty and students involved in nursing education.
Health Habits of Nursing versus Non-nursing Students: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shriver Cathy B , Scott-Stiles Anne 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
As our culture shifts from a sickness repair system to a health promotion and disease prevention system, nurses need to take more responsibility for practicing positive health behaviors. The problem addressed in this study was "Does exposure to nursing theory content and client interactions make any difference in the regular practice of positive health behaviors in nursing students when compared to non- nursing students?" The purpose of this study was to determine if nursing students practice healthy Ufe styles that would help prepare them to be effective advocates for health promotion and disease prevention. The Health Habits Inventory (HHI) was used in this two-year longitudinal study to compare health habits between 71 nursing and 83 non-nursing students. There was a statistically significant difference between nursing and nonnursing students in time 1 (t = 4.91, p < .001) and time 2 (t = 3.59, p < .001) with nursing students scoring higher in health habits. Nursing students improved significantly from time 1 to time 2 (t = 2.05, p = .021) whereas nonnursing students did not improve (t = .94, p = .175). In specific behaviors, nursing students improved in eating breakfast regularly, performing monthly self breast and testicular exams, reading food labels, wearing seatbelts, and exercising at least three times a week. Implications include the importance of emphasizing self health care in nursing curricula to promote healthy Ufe styles of nursing students who can subsequently become role models in their professional practice.
Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior: Nursing Students' Intention to Seek Clinical Experiences Using the Essential Clinical Behavior Database
Authors: Meyer Linda 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examined the antecedents and determinants predictive of whether nursing students (N = 92) intend to ask for assignments to perform nursing behaviors after using a database to record essential clinical behaviors. The results of applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to behavioral intention using multivariant path analysis suggested that the endogenous variables, attitude and subjective norms, had a significant effect on the intention to ask for assignments to perform nursing behaviors. In addition, it was primarily through attitudes and subjective norms that the respective antecedents or exogenous variables, behavioral beliefs and normative beliefs, affected the intention to ask for assignments to perform nursing behaviors. The lack of direct influence of perceived behavioral control on intention and the direct negative impact of control belief on intention were contrary to expectations, given the tenets of the TPB.
Hemispheric Visually-Evoked Responses in Congenital Esotropia
Authors: Hoyt Creig S , Caltrider Nieca 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied 42 infants with congenital esotropia with and without abducting nystagmus. Hemispheric visuallyevoked potentials did not document any asymmetry of the retinogeniculostriate projections similar to those documented in albinotic animals and humans. This study does not substantiate the thesis that some forms of esotropia may be due to genetically determined anomalies of the anterior visual pathways.
Ocular Features of Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency and a New Variant of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Bateman J Bronwyn , Philippart Michel , Isenberg Sherwin J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Multiple sulfatase deficiency, a newly recognized autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of several sulfatase enzymes, is characterized by psychomotor retardation, ichthyosis, and mild organomegaly. Patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, also an autosomal recessive disorder, have a deficiency of a single sulfatase enzyme, arysulfatase A. The ocular features of a patient with multiple sulfatase deficiency and a patient with a new biochemical variant of metachromatic leukodystrophy are described. The patient with multiple sulfatase deficiency had a unique, peripheral lens opacity and a panretinal degeneration. The patient with a new variant of metachromatic leukodystrophy exhibited a cherry- red spot.
Limbal Xanthogranuloma
Authors: Collum L M T , Power W J , Mullaney J , Farrell M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three cases of histologically proven limbal xanthogranuloma are presented. All three cases presented with a yellow raised swelling at the limbus and no other ocular or systemic abnormality. A simple excision of the lesion was carried out in all cases and histological examination revealed features typical of xanthogranuloma. Two patients had a recurrence at the original site, necessitating keratectomy, with insertion of a lamellar graft. We suggest that a primary keratectomy with insertion of a lamellar graft should be performed in cases of limbal xanthogranuloma in order to lessen the risk of recurrence and to provide a better cosmetic result.
Bilateral Retinal Embolization Associated With Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection for Capillary Hemangioma of Infancy
Authors: Ruttum Mark S , Abrams Gary W , Harris Gerald J , Ellis Mary K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 2-month-old female infant underwent intralesional corticosteroid injection for a capillary hemangioma that was causing amblyopia of the right eye from ptosis, globe displacement, and astigmatism. Forty-eight hours after the injection, the infant's parents noted that she was visually inattentive. On examination, she could not fixate or follow with either eye, and an afferent pupillary defect was present in the left eye. Ophthalmoscopy showed scattered areas of intraretinal hemorrhage in the right eye and extensive preretinal and intraretinal hemorrhages in the left eye. Ten months after injection, the hemangioma had greatly regressed, and visual acuity in the right eye was felt to be normal. The left eye had unsteady fixation with a persistent afferent pupillary defect and macular scarring. Retrograde flow of the corticosteroid suspension through the hemangioma's feeder vessels, probably originating from both ophthalmic arteries, is the most likely explanation for this complication.