bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
π‐Extended Thiazole‐Containing Polymer Semiconductor for Balanced Charge–Carrier Mobilities
Authors: Kang Boseok , Kim Hyoung Nam , Sun Cheng , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Cho Kilwon , Kim Yun‐Hi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA low‐band gap semiconducting polymer with an acceptor–donor–acceptor architecture is newly designed and synthesized by incorporating a π‐extended thiazole–vinylene–thiazole unit. The resulting thiazole‐containing diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer exhibits well‐balanced ambipolar characteristics with hole mobility of up to 0.11 cm2 V−1 s−1 and electron mobility of up to 0.30 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are suitable for applications in polymer electronics.
A structural analysis of 2,5‐diaryl‐4H‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ones: NMR in the solid state, X‐ray crystallography, and GIPAW calculations
Authors: Marín‐Luna Marta , Sánchez‐Andrada Pilar , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Torralba M. Carmen , Delgado‐Martínez Patricia , Santa María Dolores , Claramunt Rosa M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe 1H, 13C, 15N, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 11 2,5‐diaryl‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ones have been acquired in DMSO‐d6 solution and the 13C, 15N, and 19F NMR spectra have also been acquired in the solid state (solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance [SSNMR] and magic angle spinning [MAS]). The X‐ray structures of Compounds 3, 5, and 6 have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations at the gauge‐independent atomic orbital (GIAO)/B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level have provided a set of 321 chemical shifts that were compared with 310 experimental values in DMSO‐d6. To obtain good agreements, some effects need to be included. The SSNMR chemical shifts have been compared with gauge‐including projector‐augmented wave (GIPAW) calculations and with the heavy atom–light atom (HALA) effects.
Studies on the local structure and spin Hamiltonian parameters for V4+ in Na2O–PbO–Bi2O3–SiO2 glass ceramics
Authors: Fan Yi‐Mei , Wu Shao‐Yi , Luo Ying‐Jie , Liu Xu‐Sheng , Zhu Qin‐Sheng , Li Xiao‐Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe local structure, d–d transition band, and spin Hamiltonian parameters (SHPs) are theoretically studied for the V4+ probe in Na2O–PbO–Bi2O3–SiO2 (NPBS) glass ceramics containing V2O5 dopant with various concentration x (0 ≤ x ≤ 5 mol%) by using the perturbation formulas of the SHPs for tetragonally compressed octahedral 3d1 clusters. The first decreasing (or increasing) and then increasing (or decreasing) d–d transition band (= 10 Dq) and hyperfine structure constants A// and A⊥ (or g factors g// and g⊥) with x can be suitably simulated with the similarly varying Fourier type concentration functions of cubic field parameter Dq, covalence factor N, core polarization constant κ, and reduction factor H (or relative tetragonal compression ratio ρ), with the minima (or maxima) at the middle concentration x = 3 mol%, respectively. The above concentration variations of SHPs and the related quantities may originate from the modifications of local crystal field strength, tetragonal compression, and electron cloud distribution near the impurity V4+ with x, corresponding to the highest [V4+]/[V5+] ratio at 3 mol%. Present studies would be helpful to explore novel sodium lead bismuth silicate glass ceramics by modifying the concentration of V2O5 dopant.
Establishment and validation of the quantitative analysis of multi‐components by single marker for the quality control of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills by high‐performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection
Authors: Wu Linlin , Zhang Shunnan , Zhou Lihong , Xiong Haoshu , Gong Xingchu , Zhang Sijie , Pan Jianyang , Qu Haibin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionCharged aerosol detection (CAD) has the merits of high sensitivity, high universality and response uniformity. The strategy that combines the quantitative analysis of multi‐components by single marker (QAMS) with CAD has certain advantages for the quantification of multi‐components. However, relevant research was limited.ObjectivesTo comprehensively investigate the crucial factors that affect the performance of the HPLC‐CAD‐QAMS approach and validate the credibility and feasibility of the method.MethodologyMultiple components of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills (QSYQ) were assayed using the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐CAD‐QAMS approach. Some factors that affect the sensitivity and accuracy of the approach were sufficiently studied. After the method verification, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the quality consistency of three types of samples: normal samples, expired samples and negative samples.ResultsA HPLC‐CAD‐QAMS method was successfully developed for the multi‐component determination of QSYQ. First, chromatographic conditions were optimised by a definitive screening design, and the optimised ranges of operating parameters were obtained with a Monte Carlo simulation method. Next, a new method to select the internal reference standards was successfully introduced based on the heatmap of Pearson correlation coefficients of the response factors. Then, the multi‐point method was selected to calculate the relative correction factors, and a robustness test was conducted with Plackett–Burman design. Finally, the PCA was proved to be effective for the quality consistency evaluation of different samples.ConclusionThe developed HPLC‐CAD‐QAMS method can be a reliable and superior means for the multi‐component quantitative analysis of QSYQ.
Thermal and morphological investigation of the effect of POSS‐(PEG2000)8 addition to UV curable PEGMEA/PEGDA formulation and simultaneously in situ formed silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ozcelik Kazancioglu Elif , Batibay Gonul S. , Uner Ahmet , Arsu Nergis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, hybrid nanocomposites were synthesized by photo‐crosslinking of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate/poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate monomer system using 2‐ (carboxymethoxy) thioxanthone and POSS‐(PEG2000)8. Additionally, AgNO3 was added to this formulation and in situ formation of silver nanoparticles onto hybrid nanocomposites were achieved in one‐step. UV–Vis spectroscopy technique was used as a very useful tool for surface plasmon resonance band detection of silver nanoparticles. In addition to thermogravimetric analyses which were performed in nitrogen atmosphere to determine the thermal stability of the nanocomposites, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were also used for size and morphology of silver nanoparticles in a hybrid network. TGA analyses proved that even the addition of a very low amount of POSS‐(PEG2000)8 made noteworthy contribution to thermal stability especially in the presence of silver nanoparticles in the hybrid network. The swelling capacities of the prepared films were examined at 1, 3 and 24 h in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4). It was found that film containing only POSS‐(PEG2000)8 had the highest swelling ratio in the shortest time.
Supramolecular polymer gels formed from polyamidine and random copolymer of n‐butyl acrylate and acrylic acid
Authors: Furusho Yoshio , Endo Takeshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have prepared the amidinium‐carboxylate salt bridge‐based supramolecular polymer gels from random copolymer of n‐butyl acrylate and acrylic acid and a linear polyamidine having N,N′‐di‐substituted acetamidine group in the main chain. The supramolecular polymer gel with equimolar amounts of carboxy and amidine groups shows a high G′ value of 1.6 MPa at 25°C. In contrast, the gel prepared from the carboxy polymer and linear polyethyleneimine instead of the polyamidine shows liquid‐like fluidity with a G′ value of 0.01 MPa at 25°C. The robustness of the amidine‐based supramolecular polymer gels is attributed to the high stability of the amidinium‐carboxylate salt bridge. Replacing the random copolymer with carboxy‐terminated telechelic poly(n‐butyl acrylate) results in a significant decrease in G′ as well as |η*|, which may arise from the difference in the network structure due to the arrangement of carboxy groups.
Output‐feedback Lyapunov redesign of uncertain systems with delayed measurements
Authors: Xu Jing , Fridman Leonid M. , Fridman Emilia , Niu Yugang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an output‐feedback Lyapunov redesign for uncertain systems with the delayed measurements, which recasts the state estimation and robust control into a unified framework. Instead of the traditional observer/differentiator‐based output‐feedback design, a static state estimator is constructed by the Taylor expansion of delayed measurements with the integral remainders. Then, a sliding variable is constructed according to the nominal Lyapunov function. A Lyapunov redesign approach is used to keep the system trajectory in predefined vicinity of origin, even subject to approximation errors and exogenous disturbances. The maximum value of the allowable delays for the closed‐loop stability is found via linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the magnetic suspension system.
Cell augmentation strategies for cardiac stem cell therapies
Authors: Cruz-Samperio Raquel , Jordan Millie , Perriman Adam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) has been the primary cause of death in developed countries, resulting in a major psychological and financial burden for society. Current treatments for acute MI are directed toward rapid restoration of perfusion to limit damage to the myocardium, rather than promoting tissue regeneration and subsequent contractile function recovery. Regenerative cell therapies (CTs), in particular those using multipotent stem cells (SCs), are in the spotlight for treatment post-MI. Unfortunately, the efficacy of CTs is somewhat limited by their poor long-term viability, homing, and engraftment to the myocardium. In response, a range of novel SC-based technologies are in development to provide additional cellular modalities, bringing CTs a step closer to the clinic. In this review, the current landscape of emerging CTs and their augmentation strategies for the treatment post-MI are discussed. In doing so, we highlight recent advances in cell membrane reengineering via genetic modifications, recombinant protein immobilization, and the utilization of soft biomimetic scaffold interfaces.
Recent Advances in Multi‐Layer Light‐Emitting Heterostructure Transistors
Authors: Chen Hongming , Huang Wei , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio , Meng Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLight‐emitting transistors (LETs) have attracted tremendous academic and industrial interest due to their dual functions of electrical switching and light emission in a single device, which can considerably reduce system complexity and manufacturing costs, especially in the area of flat panel and flexible displays as well as lighting and lasers. In recent years, enhanced LET performance has been achieved by introducing multiple‐layer heterostructures in the charge‐carrying/light‐emitting LET channel versus the best‐reported performance in single active layer LETs, rendering multi‐layer LETs promising candidates for next‐generation display technologies. In this review, the fundamental structures and working principles of multi‐layer heterostructure LETs are introduced. Next, developments in multi‐layer LETs are discussed based on co‐planar LETs, non‐planar LETs, and vertical LETs including organic, quantum dot, and perovskite light emitters. Finally, this review concludes with a summary and a perspective on the future of this research field.
One-loop string corrections to AdS amplitudes from CFT
Authors: Drummond J.M. , Paul H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider α′ corrections to the one-loop four-point correlator of the stress- tensor multiplets in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills at order 1/N4. Holographically, this is dual to string corrections of the one-loop supergravity amplitude on AdS5 × S5. While this correlator has been considered in Mellin space before, we derive the corresponding position space results, gaining new insights into the analytic structure of AdS loop amplitudes. Most notably, the presence of a transcendental weight three function involving new singularities is required, which has not appeared in the context of AdS amplitudes before. We thereby confirm the structure of string corrected one-loop Mellin amplitudes, and also provide new explicit results at orders in α′ not considered before.
Signatures of global symmetry violation in relative entropies and replica wormholes
Authors: Chen Yiming , Lin Henry W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is widely believed that exact global symmetries do not exist in theories that admit quantum black holes. Here we propose a way to quantify the degree of global symmetry violation in the Hawking radiation of a black hole by using certain relative entropies. While the violations of global symmetry that we consider are non-perturbative effects, they nevertheless give $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) contributions to the relative entropy after the Page time. Furthermore, using “island” formulas, these relative entropies can be computed within semi-classical gravity, which we demonstrate with explicit examples. These formulas give a rather precise operational sense to the statement that a global charge thrown into an old black hole will be lost after a scrambling time.The relative entropies considered here may also be computed using a replica trick. At integer replica index, the global symmetry violating effects manifest themselves as charge flowing through the replica wormhole.
Two-photon processes in conformal QCD: resummation of the descendants of leading-twist operators
Authors: Braun V.M. , Ji Yao , Manashov A.N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using some techniques of conformal field theories, we find a closed expression for the contribution of leading twist operators and their descendants, obtained by adding total derivatives, to the operator product expansion (OPE) of two electromagnetic currents in QCD. Our expression resums contributions of all twists and to all orders in perturbation theory up to corrections proportional to the QCD β-function. At tree level and to twist-four accuracy, our result agrees with the expression derived earlier by a different method. The results are directly applicable to deeply-virtual Compton scattering and, e.g., γγ∗ annihilation in two mesons. As a byproduct, we derive a simple representation for the OPE of two scalar currents that is convenient for applications.
Nucleation is more than critical: A case study of the electroweak phase transition in the NMSSM
Authors: Baum Sebastian , Carena Marcela , Shah Nausheen R. , Wagner Carlos E. M. , Wang Yikun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectroweak baryogenesis is an attractive mechanism to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via a strong first order electroweak phase transition. We compare the phase transition patterns suggested by the vacuum structure at thecritical temperatures, at which local minima are degenerate, with those obtained from computing the probability fornucleationvia tunneling through the barrier separating local minima. Heuristically, nucleation becomes difficult if the barrier between the local minima is too high, or if the distance (in field space) between the minima is too large. As an example of a model exhibiting such behavior, we study the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, whose scalar sector contains two SU(2) doublets and one gauge singlet. We find that the calculation of the nucleation probabilities prefers different regions of parameter space for a strong first order electroweak phase transition than the calculation based solely on the critical temperatures. Our results demonstrate that analyzing only the vacuum structure via the critical temperatures can provide a misleading picture of the phase transition patterns, and, in turn, of the parameter space suitable for electroweak baryogenesis.
Effects of ertugliflozin on kidney composite outcomes, renal function and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis from the randomised VERTIS CV trial
Authors:   on behalf of the VERTIS CV Investigators, Cherney David Z. I. , Charbonnel Bernard , Cosentino Francesco , Dagogo-Jack Samuel , McGuire Darren K. , Pratley Richard , Shih Weichung J. , Frederich Robert , Maldonado Mario , Pong Annpey , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
In previous work, we reported the HR for the risk (95% CI) of the secondary kidney composite endpoint (time to first event of doubling of serum creatinine from baseline, renal dialysis/transplant or renal death) with ertugliflozin compared with placebo as 0.81 (0.63, 1.04). The effect of ertugliflozin on exploratory kidney-related outcomes was evaluated using data from the eValuation of ERTugliflozin effIcacy and Safety CardioVascular outcomes (VERTIS CV) trial (NCT01986881).

Methods
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic CVD were randomised to receive ertugliflozin 5 mg or 15 mg (observations from both doses were pooled), or matching placebo, added on to existing treatment. The kidney composite outcome in VERTIS CV (reported previously) was time to first event of doubling of serum creatinine from baseline, renal dialysis/transplant or renal death. The pre-specified exploratory composite outcome replaced doubling of serum creatinine with sustained 40% decrease from baseline in eGFR. In addition, the impact of ertugliflozin on urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and eGFR over time was assessed.

Results
A total of 8246 individuals were randomised and followed for a mean of 3.5 years. The exploratory kidney composite outcome of sustained 40% reduction from baseline in eGFR, chronic kidney dialysis/transplant or renal death occurred at a lower event rate (events per 1000 person-years) in the ertugliflozin group than with the placebo group (6.0 vs 9.0); the HR (95% CI) was 0.66 (0.50, 0.88). At 60 months, in the ertugliflozin group, placebo-corrected changes from baseline (95% CIs) in UACR and eGFR were −16.2% (−23.9, −7.6) and 2.6 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 (1.5, 3.6), respectively. Ertugliflozin was associated with a consistent decrease in UACR and attenuation of eGFR decline across subgroups, with a suggested larger effect observed in the macroalbuminuria and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (KDIGO CKD) high/very high-risk subgroups.

Conclusions/interpretation
Among individuals with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic CVD, ertugliflozin reduced the risk for the pre-specified exploratory composite renal endpoint and was associated with preservation of eGFR and reduced UACR.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01986881

Graphical abstract
Age, time from injury to surgery and quadriceps strength affect the risk of revision surgery after primary ACL reconstruction
Authors: Cristiani Riccardo , Forssblad Magnus , Edman Gunnar , Eriksson Karl , Stålman Anders 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To identify preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors associated with revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) within 2 years of primary ACLR.

Methods
Patients who underwent primary ACLR at our institution, from January 2005 to March 2017, were identified. The primary outcome was the occurrence of revision ACLR within 2 years of primary ACLR. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate preoperative [age, gender, body mass index (BMI), time from injury to surgery, pre-injury Tegner activity level], intraoperative [graft type, graft diameter, medial meniscus (MM) and lateral meniscus (LM) resection or repair, cartilage injury] and postoperative [side-to-side (STS) anterior laxity, limb symmetry index (LSI) for quadriceps and hamstring strength and single-leg-hop test performance at 6 months] risk factors for revision ACLR.

Results
A total of 6,510 primary ACLRs were included. The overall incidence of revision ACLR within 2 years was 2.5%. Univariate analysis showed that age < 25 years, BMI < 25 kg/m2, time from injury to surgery < 12 months, pre-injury Tegner activity level ≥ 6, LM repair, STS laxity > 5 mm, quadriceps strength and single-leg-hop test LSI of ≥ 90% increased the odds; whereas, MM resection and the presence of a cartilage injury reduced the odds of revision ACLR. Multivariate analysis revealed that revision ACLR was significantly related only to age < 25 years (OR 6.25; 95% CI 3.57–11.11; P < 0.001), time from injury to surgery < 12 months (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.25–4.17; P = 0.007) and quadriceps strength LSI of ≥ 90% (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.16–2.49; P = 0.006).

Conclusion
Age < 25 years, time from injury to surgery < 12 months and 6-month quadriceps strength LSI of ≥ 90% increased the odds of revision ACLR within 2 years of primary ACLR. Understanding the risk factors for revision ACLR has important implications when it comes to the appropriate counseling for primary ACLR. In this study, a large spectrum of potential risk factors for revision ACLR was analyzed in a large cohort. Advising patients regarding the results of an ACLR should also include potential risk factors for revision surgery.

Level of evidence
III.
On the Boundary Layer Equations with Phase Transition in the Kinetic Theory of Gases
Authors: Bernhoff Niclas , Golse François 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConsider the steady Boltzmann equation with slab symmetry for a monatomic, hard sphere gas in a half space. At the boundary of the half space, it is assumed that the gas is in contact with its condensed phase. The present paper discusses the existence and uniqueness of a uniformly decaying boundary layer type solution of the Boltzmann equation in this situation, in the vicinity of the Maxwellian equilibrium with zero bulk velocity, with the same temperature as that of the condensed phase, and whose pressure is the saturating vapor pressure at the temperature of the interface. This problem has been extensively studied, first by Sone, Aoki and their collaborators, by means of careful numerical simulations. See section 2 of (Bardos et al. in J Stat Phys 124:275–300, 2006) for a very detailed presentation of these works. More recently, Liu and Yu (Arch Ration Mech Anal 209:869–997, 2013) proposed an extensive mathematical strategy to handle the problems studied numerically by Sone, Aoki and their group. The present paper offers an alternative, possibly simpler proof of one of the results discussed in Liu and Yu (2013).