bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uso de plaquicidas en la agroindustria
Authors: Garcerán Pauline , Castillo Mónica 
Published: November 2021

Para el control y eliminación de plagas en las producciones agrícolas, como práctica común a nivel mundial, se hace uso de plaguicidas, y la preocupación sobre el impacto de estas sustancias en cuanto a la salud humana aumenta. Si bien es cierto que estos agentes químicos han traído beneficios para el sector agrícola, existen evidencias que relacionan el creciente padecimiento de enfermedades crónicas, como diferentes tipos de cáncer o diabetes, con la exposición directa e indirecta a estos agrotóxicos.
Se han tomado medidas internacionales en cuanto a la cantidad de residuos de plaguicidas presentes en los alimentos, además de la introducción de leyes y estándares para el correcto uso de plaguicidas, con el fin de disminuir sus efectos dañinos con relación a la salud humana, por el reporte de incidencia de intoxicaciones agudas en agricultores y usuarios de estas sustancias. Panamá, como productor del sector agro, presenta un alto consumo de estas sustancias, especialmente del ingrediente activo glifosato, últimamente causante de controversia a nivel mundial por evidencias que lo desestiman de su categoría de no peligro agudo, otorgado por la OMS.
La repercusión en el ambiente ha sido factor determinante para encontrar soluciones que respeten la utilización de los recursos naturales, sin disminuir la producción y mantener el control de las pestes. Para lograrlo, se introducen alternativas al uso de agroquímicos y métodos de conservación naturales, como la agricultura orgánica y el manejo integrado de plagas.
ІСТОРІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РОЗВІДУВАЛЬНИХ І РОЗВІДУВАЛЬНО-УДАРНИХ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ У ЗБРОЙНИХ КОНФЛІКТАХ СУЧАСНОСТІ
Authors: Туранський Микола Олександрович , Пулим Олександр Вікторович , Корольова Ольга Володимирівна 
Published: November 2021

Безпілотні літальні апарати стали невід’ємною частиною сучасних воєн. В історичному аспекті проаналізовано досвід застосування безпілотних авіаційних комплексів (БпАК) під час збройних конфліктів наприкінці ХХ та на початку ХХІ ст. Докладно висвітлено роль безпілотних літальних апаратів у війнах на Близькому Сході, у районі Перської затоки, в Сирії, Афганістані. Показано, як за їх допомогою вирішувалися завдання військової розвідки. Розглянута революція у військовій тактиці збройної боротьби, конструктивні зміни безпілотників від війни у В’єтнамі до подій наших днів.
Аналіз локальних воєнних конфліктів останніх десятиріч, подій на Сході України, в Нагірному Карабаху доводить закономірність збільшення завдань, що виконують безпілотні літальні апарати. Привабливість сучасних БпАК для армії будь-якої країни обумовлена можливістю отримувати в масштабі реального часу розвідувальну інформацію, здійснювати нанесення ударів по противнику без участі людини. Наукову новизну роботи становить дослідження основних тенденцій подальшого розвитку та застосування безпілотної авіації, багатоцільового використання БпАК, їх інтеграції із засобами ураження.
Electrochemical Biosensing Interface Based on Carbon Dots-Fe3O4 Nanomaterial for the Determination of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Lin Xiaofeng , Mei Yanqiu , He Chen , Luo Yan , Yang Min , Kuang Ying , Ma Xiaoming , Zhang Huifang , Huang Qitong 
Published: November 2021

Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 can cause many food safety incidents, which seriously affect human health and economic development. Therefore, the sensitive, accurate, and rapid determination of E. coli O157:H7 is of great significance for preventing the outbreak and spread of foodborne diseases. In this study, a carbon dots-Fe3O4 nanomaterial (CDs-Fe3O4)-based sensitive electrochemical biosensor for E. coli O157:H7 detection was developed. The CDs have good electrical conductivity, and the surface of carbon dots contains abundant carboxyl groups, which can be used to immobilize probe DNA. Meanwhile, the CDs can be used as a reducing agent to prepare CDs-Fe3O4 nanomaterial. The Fe3O4 nanomaterial can improve the performance of the electrochemical biosensor; it also can realize the recovery of CDs-Fe3O4 due to its magnetism. As expected, the electrochemical biosensor has excellent specificity of E. coli O157:H7 among other bacteria. The electrochemical biosensor also exhibited good performance for detecting E. coli O157:H7 with the detection range of 10–108 CFU/ml, and the detection limit of this electrochemical biosensor was 6.88 CFU/ml (3S/N). Furthermore, this electrochemical biosensor was successfully used for monitoring E. coli O157:H7 in milk and water samples, indicating that this electrochemical biosensor has good application prospect. More importantly, this research can provide a new idea for the detection of other bacteria and viruses.
Arterial and Venous Thrombosis Complicated in COVID-19: A Retrospective Single Center Analysis in Japan
Authors: Oba Seiya , Hosoya Tadashi , Amamiya Miki , Mitsumura Takahiro , Kawata Daisuke , Sasaki Hirokazu , Kamiya Mari , Yamamoto Akio , Ando Takahiro , Shimada Sho , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Tsukasa , Tateishi Tomoya , Endo Akira , Aiboshi Junichi , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Yamanouchi Hideo , Ugawa Toyomu , Nagaoka Eiki , Oi Keiji , Tao Susumu , Maejima Yasuhiro , Tanaka Yukie , Tanimoto Kousuke , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Tohda Shuji , Hirakawa Akihiro , Sasano Tetsuo , Arai Hirokuni , Otomo Yasuhiro , Miyazaki Yasunari , Yasuda Shinsuke 
Published: November 2021

Background: Thrombosis is a characteristic complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since coagulopathy has been observed over the entire clinical course, thrombosis might be a clue to understanding the specific pathology in COVID-19. Currently, there is limited epidemiological data of COVID-19-associated thrombosis in the Japanese population and none regarding variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we elucidate the risk factors and the pattern of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients.Methods: The patients consecutively admitted to Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/interest (VOC/VOI) carrying the spike protein mutants E484K, N501Y, or L452R were identified by PCR-based analysis. All thrombotic events were diagnosed by clinical symptoms, ultrasonography, and/or radiological tests.Results: Among the 516 patients, 32 patients experienced 42 thromboembolic events. Advanced age, severe respiratory conditions, and several abnormal laboratory markers were associated with the development of thrombosis. While thrombotic events occurred in 13% of the patients with a severe respiratory condition, those events still occurred in 2.5% of the patients who did not require oxygen therapy. Elevated D-dimer and ferritin levels on admission were independent risk factors of thrombosis (adjusted odds ratio 9.39 and 3.11, 95% confidence interval 2.08–42.3, and 1.06–9.17, respectively). Of the thrombotic events, 22 were venous, whereas 20 were arterial. While patients with thrombosis received anticoagulation and antiinflammatory therapies with a higher proportion, the mortality rate, organ dysfunctions, and bleeding complications in these patients were higher than those without thrombosis. The incidence of thrombosis in COVID-19 became less frequent over time, such as during the replacement of the earlier strains of SARS-CoV-2 by VOC/VOI and during increased use of anticoagulatory therapeutics.Conclusion: This study elucidated that elevated D-dimer and ferritin levels are useful biomarkers of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. The comparable incidence of arterial thrombosis with venous thrombosis and the development of thrombosis in less severe patients required further considerations for the management of Japanese patients with COVID-19. Further studies would be required to identify high-risk populations and establish appropriate interventions for thrombotic complications in COVID-19.
Anxiety and Cognition in Cre- Collagen Type II Sirt1 K/O Male Mice
Authors: Shtaif Biana , Hornfeld Shay Henry , Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal , Phillip Moshe , Gat-Yablonski Galia 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionUsing transgenic collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice we studied the role of Sirt1 in nutritional induced catch up growth (CUG) and we found that these mice have a less organized growth plate and reduced efficiency of CUG. In addition, we noted that they weigh more than control (CTL) mice. Studying the reason for the increased weigh, we found differences in activity and brain function.MethodsSeveral tests for behavior and activity were used: open field; elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and home cage running wheels. The level of Glu- osteocalcin, known to connect bone and brain function, was measured by Elisa; brain Sirt1 was analyzed by western blot.ResultsWe found that CKO mice had increased anxiety, with less spatial memory, learning capabilities and reduced activity in their home cages. No significant differences were found between CKO and CTL mice in Glu- osteocalcin levels; nor in the level of brain SIRT1.Discussion/ConclusionUsing transgenic collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice we found a close connection between linear growth and brain function. Using a collagen type II derived system we affected a central regulatory mechanism leading to hypo activity, increased anxiety, and slower learning, without affecting circadian period. As children with idiopathic short stature are more likely to have lower IQ, with substantial deficits in working memory than healthy controls, the results of the current study suggest that SIRT1 may be the underlying factor connecting growth and brain function.
Discovery and Validation of a Recessively Inherited Major-Effect QTL Conferring Resistance to Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) Disease
Authors: Murithi Ann , Olsen Michael S. , Kwemoi Daniel B. , Veronica Ogugo , Ertiro Berhanu Tadesse , L. M. Suresh , Beyene Yoseph , Das Biswanath , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Gowda Manje 
Published: November 2021

Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a viral disease with a devastating effect on maize production. Developing and deploying improved varieties with resistance to the disease is important to effectively control MLN; however, little is known about the causal genes and molecular mechanism(s) underlying MLN resistance. Screening thousands of maize inbred lines revealed KS23-5 and KS23-6 as two of the most promising donors of MLN resistance alleles. KS23-5 and KS23-6 lines were earlier developed at the University of Hawaii, United States, on the basis of a source population constituted using germplasm from Kasetsart University, Thailand. Both linkage mapping and association mapping approaches were used to discover and validate genomic regions associated with MLN resistance. Selective genotyping of resistant and susceptible individuals within large F2 populations coupled with genome-wide association study identified a major-effect QTL (qMLN06_157) on chromosome 6 for MLN disease severity score and area under the disease progress curve values in all three F2 populations involving one of the KS23 lines as a parent. The major-effect QTL (qMLN06_157) is recessively inherited and explained 55%–70% of the phenotypic variation with an approximately 6 Mb confidence interval. Linkage mapping in three F3 populations and three F2 populations involving KS23-5 or KS23-6 as one of the parents confirmed the presence of this major-effect QTL on chromosome 6, demonstrating the efficacy of the KS23 allele at qMLN06.157 in varying populations. This QTL could not be identified in population that was not derived using KS23 lines. Validation of this QTL in six F2 populations with 20 SNPs closely linked with qMLN06.157 was further confirmed its consistent expression across populations and its recessive nature of inheritance. On the basis of the consistent and effective resistance afforded by the KS23 allele at qMLN06.157, the QTL can be used in both marker-assisted forward breeding and marker-assisted backcrossing schemes to improve MLN resistance of breeding populations and key lines for eastern Africa.
Structural and Functional Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Males With Hyperuricemia and High Levels of Liver Enzymes
Authors: Sheng Shifeng , Chen Jingfeng , Zhang Yuheng , Qin Qian , Li Weikang , Yan Su , Wang Youxiang , Li Tiantian , Gao Xinxin , Tang Lin , Li Ang , Ding Suying 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the structure and function alterations of gut microbiota and biochemical indicators in males with hyperuricemia (HUA) and high levels of liver enzymes, in order to provide new evidences and therapeutic targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HUA.Methods: A total of 69 patients with HUA (HUA group) and 118 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Their age, height, waist circumference, weight, and pressure were measured. The clinical parameters such as fasting plasma glucose (FBG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum uric acid (SUA), serum creatinine (Scr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), and absolute value of neutrophils (NEUT) were examined. We used whole-genome shotgun sequencing technology and HUMAnN2 MetaCyc pathway database to detect the composition and pathways of the gut microbiota. The main statistical methods were student's t test, chi-square tests, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. The correlations among bacterial diversity, microbial pathways, and biochemical indicators were evaluated by the R function “cor.test” with spearman method.Results: The gut bacterial diversity in HUA group reduced significantly and the community of the microbiota was of significant difference between the two groups. The pathways that can produce 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (PWY-6122, PWY-6277, and PWY-6121), aromatic amino acids, and chorismate (COMPLETE-ARO-PWY, ARO-PWY, and PWY-6163) were enriched in the HUA group; while the pathways that can produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, such as CENTFERM-PWY and PWY-6590) and the gut microbiotas that can produce SCFAs (Roseburia hominis, Odoribacter splanchnicus, Ruminococcus callidus, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3_1_46FAA, Bacteroides uniformis, Butyricimonas synergistica) and equol (Adlercreutzia equolifaciens) were enriched in healthy controls.Conclusion: The structure and function of the gut microbiota in males with HUA and high levels of liver enzymes have altered apparently. In-depth study of related mechanisms may provide new ideas for the treatment of HUA.
Effect of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Treatment on ACE2 Expression and SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Okoloko Oghenemega , Vanderwall Elizabeth R. , Rich Lucille M. , White Maria P. , Reeves Stephen R. , Harrington Whitney E. , Barrow Kaitlyn A. , Debley Jason S. 
Published: November 2021

Rationale: SARS-CoV-2 gains entrance to airway epithelial cells (AECs) through binding of the viral spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell surface. However, ACE2 also converts angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1-7) and counterbalances the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, with resultant protective effects in the cardiovascular system. Some data suggest that two common antihypertension medications (angiotensin II receptor antagonists, ARBs; and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ACEIs) may increase ACE2 expression in heart and kidney cells, fueling debate about how these widely used medications may modulate SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and risk of COVID-19.Aim: Determine whether exposure of bronchial AECs to the ARB losartan or the ACEI captopril modulate expression of ACE2 by AECs, SARS CoV2 replication, or expression of proinflammatory cytokines and type I and III interferon (IFN) responses.Methods: Primary bronchial AECs from children and adults (n = 19; Ages 8–75 yrs) were differentiated ex vivo at an air-liquid interface to generate organotypic cultures. Cultures were treated with captopril (1 μM) or losartan (2 μM) with culture media changes starting 72 h before infection with SARS-CoV-2. In a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facility, cultures were infected with SARS-CoV-2 isolate USA-WA1/2020 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5. At 96 h following infection, RNA and protein were isolated. SARS-CoV-2 replication in cultures was assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR). ACE2, IL-6, IL-1B, IFNB1, and IFNL2 expression were assessed by qPCR.Results: Neither captopril nor losartan treatment significantly changed ACE2, IL-6, IL-1B, IFNB1, or IFNL2 expression by AECs as compared to SARS-CoV-2 infected AEC cultures without captopril or losartan treatment. At 96 h following infection, SARS-CoV-2 copy number/ng RNA was not significantly different between untreated AEC cultures, cultures treated with captopril, or cultures treated with losartan.Conclusion: These findings suggest that at the level of the airway epithelium neither the ACEI captopril or ARB losartan significantly modify expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factor ACE2, nor does either medication increase replication SARS-CoV-2 replication. This ex vivo data is reassuring and is consistent with evolving clinical data suggesting ACEIs and ARBs do not increase the risk for poor prognosis with COVID-19 and may actually reduce the risk of COVID-19 disease.
Flush Flow Behaviour Affected by the Morphology of Intravascular Endoscope: A Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study
Authors: Li Yujie , Zhang Mingzi , Tupin Simon , Mitsuzuka Kohei , Nakayama Toshio , Anzai Hitomi , Ohta Makoto 
Published: November 2021

Background: Whilst intravascular endoscopy can be used to identify lesions and assess the deployment of endovascular devices, it requires temporary blockage of the local blood flow during observation, posing a serious risk of ischaemia.Objective: To aid the design of a novel flow-blockage-free intravascular endoscope, we explored changes in the haemodynamic behaviour of the flush flow with respect to the flow injection speed and the system design.Methods: We first constructed the computational models for three candidate endoscope designs (i.e., Model A, B, and C). Using each of the three endoscopes, flow patterns in the target vessels (straight, bent, and twisted) under three different sets of boundary conditions (i.e., injection speed of the flush flow and the background blood flowrate) were then resolved through use of computational fluid dynamics and in vitro flow experiments. The design of endoscope and its optimal operating condition were evaluated in terms of the volume fraction within the vascular segment of interest, as well as the percentage of high-volume-fraction area (PHVFA) corresponding to three cross-sectional planes distal to the microcatheter tip.Results: With a mild narrowing at the endoscope neck, Model B exhibited the highest PHVFA, irrespective of location of the cross-sectional plane, compared with Models A and C which, respectively, had no narrowing and a moderate narrowing. The greatest difference in the PHVFA between the three models was observed on the cross-sectional plane 2 mm distal to the tip of the microcatheter (Model B: 33% vs. Model A: 18%). The background blood flowrate was found to have a strong impact on the resulting volume fraction of the flush flow close to the vascular wall, with the greatest difference being 44% (Model A).Conclusion: We found that the haemodynamic performance of endoscope Model B outperformed that of Models A and C, as it generated a flush flow that occupied the largest volume within the vascular segment of interest, suggesting that the endoscope design with a diameter narrowing of 30% at the endoscope neck might yield images of a better quality.
Prevention Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Treatment for Parents Involved With Child Welfare Who Use Substances
Authors: Cruden Gracelyn , Crawford Shelley , Saldana Lisa 
Published: November 2021

Background:Parental substance use, especially opioid misuse and/or methamphetamine use, is a key driver for recent increases in family involvement with child welfare and foster care placements in the United States. There is an urgent need for programs that prevent parental substance use disorders, yet few prevention programs exist that target parents’ unique needs and strengths. Adapting evidence-based treatment approaches for prevention might be an efficient, effective way to address this gap. The current study informed the rigorous adaptation of an evidence-based treatment that supports families involved with child welfare due to substance use, Families Actively Improving Relationships (FAIR), to a prevention-oriented intervention: “PRE-FAIR.” FAIR entails four treatment domains: substance use, parenting, mental health, and ancillary services (e.g., housing, medical care, and food). FAIR significantly improved parenting and reduced parental substance use in three rigorous treatment trials, but FAIR’s effectiveness in preventing the initiation or escalation of opioid misuse and/or methamphetamine use is untested. To inform adaptation, particular attention was paid to operationalizing strategies underlying a key hypothesized mediator of successful parent outcomes—engagement.Methods:Graduated FAIR parents (n= 9) and FAIR administrators, clinical supervisors, and clinicians (n= 11) participated in semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to identify key variables driving FAIR engagement and parent outcomes. Causal loop diagramming, a qualitative systems science method, was employed to operationalize emergent themes, and describe how causal links between key variables interrelated dynamically over time.Results:Themes reinforced the value of FAIR’s treatment domains for supporting parent’s sobriety and parenting skills within a prevention orientation. Ancillary supports and strong relationships were particularly crucial for helping parents cope with stressors leading to substance use. Five engagement strategies were identified as essential to parent success: 24/7 clinician availability, in-person clinician advocacy, in-home delivery, strengths-based interactions, and urinalysis. Implications for PRE-FAIR engagement strategies and dosage were identified.Discussion:Traditional qualitative analyses and qualitative analyses based in systems science can inform rigorous adaptations of evidence-based treatment programs for prevention. Future research will explore additional required, fidelity-consistent prevention adaptations to FAIR, and the impact of PRE-FAIR on parental substance use and child welfare case outcomes.