bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic inequality in COVID-19 vaccination coverage among elderly adults in England: a national linked data study
Authors: Nafilyan Vahe , Dolby Ted , Razieh Cameron , Gaughan Charlotte Hannah , Morgan Jasper , Ayoubkhani Daniel , Walker Sarah , Khunti Kamlesh , Glickman Myer , Yates Thomas 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo examine inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination rates among elderly adults in England.DesignCohort study.SettingPeople living in private households and communal establishments in England.Participants6 655 672 adults aged ≥70 years (mean 78.8 years, 55.2% women) who were alive on 15 March 2021.Main outcome measuresHaving received the first dose of a vaccine against COVID-19 by 15 March 2021. We calculated vaccination rates and estimated unadjusted and adjusted ORs using logistic regression models.ResultsBy 15 March 2021, 93.2% of people living in England aged 70 years and over had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. While vaccination rates differed across all factors considered apart from sex, the greatest disparities were seen between ethnic and religious groups. The lowest rates were in people of black African and black Caribbean ethnic backgrounds, where only 67.2% and 73.8% had received a vaccine, with adjusted odds of not being vaccinated at 5.01 (95% CI 4.86 to 5.16) and 4.85 (4.75 to 4.96) times greater than the white British group. The proportion of individuals self-identifying as Muslim and Buddhist who had received a vaccine was 79.1% and 84.1%, respectively. Older age, greater area deprivation, less advantaged socioeconomic position (proxied by living in a rented home), being disabled and living either alone or in a multigenerational household were also associated with higher odds of not having received the vaccine.ConclusionResearch is now urgently needed to understand why disparities exist in these groups and how they can best be addressed through public health policy and community engagement.
Constructing high-quality rest facilities to maximise performance and ensure patient safety
Authors: Silva Geeth , Yam Aiken , Court Jessica , Imtiaz Rabia , Chisholm Cath 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionJunior doctors are working in an increasingly overstretched National Health Service. In 2018, Kettering General Hospital (KGH) was awarded £60 800 of government funds to create high-quality rest facilities and improve junior doctor well-being.MethodsAn audit and survey in KGH identified the structural and functional improvements needed. From November 2019 to June 2020, £47 841.24 was spent on creating new rest facilities. On completion, a postaction review assessed how the changes impacted morale, well-being and quality of patient care.ResultsThe majority of doctors were happy with the new rest areas (60%), a majority felt that they would use the on-call room area (63%) and the renovation improved morale and well-being. There was an increased ability to take breaks. However, the majority of doctors are not exception-reporting missing breaks: 79% (2019), 74% (2020).Conclusions and ImplicationsThis report recommends the maintenance of increased staffing levels and rest facilities during the recovery phase of COVID-19. The remaining £12 958.76 should be directed at sustaining the quality of KGH rest facilities. Lastly, the rate of exception-reporting must be increased through improving awareness, exploring alternative methods and supporting the action when necessary. The continual investment into rest facilities ensures workforce well-being and translates into patient safety.
Lupus clinical trial eligibility in a real-world setting: results from the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-Biologics Register (BILAG-BR)
Authors: Dyball Sarah , Collinson Sophie , Sutton Emily , McCarthy Eoghan M , Bruce Ian N , Parker Ben 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify how well phase III randomised clinical trials in both SLE and lupus nephritis (LN) represents a real-world SLE cohort.MethodsLiterature reviews were performed of major published phase III SLE (n=12) and LN (n=6) clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov). Inclusion and exclusion criteria common across these trials were collated for non-renal SLE or LN trials, and applied to patients recruited to the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-Biologics Register (BILAG-BR) starting either biological or standard-of-care (SOC) therapies.ResultsWe recruited 837 patients to the BILAG-BR from September 2010 to June 2018, starting either SOC (n=125, 15%) or a biological medication (n=712, 85%). Active LN, defined as a BILAG A in the renal domain occurred in 20% (n=166). Overall, 530 (63%) patients were ineligible to participate in non-renal SLE clinical trials and 72 (43%) patients with active LN would be ineligible for LN trials. The most common reasons for ineligibility from the non-renal lupus trials included active renal involvement (n=166, 20%) and low disease activity (n=114, 15%). For LN trials, the most common exclusion met was pre-existing renal impairment (n=15, 9%). Patients with fewer comorbidities were more likely to be eligible to participate in non-renal SLE trials.ConclusionsIn this national register of patients with moderate-to-severe SLE, nearly two-thirds would not be eligible for recruitment to key SLE clinical trials nor would almost half of those with active LN. Eligibility criteria may excessively constrain enrolment and thus, how we can generalise trial results in a real-world setting.
$$\pi ^-p\rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}\, \pi ^- p$$ in the double-Regge region
Authors: Bibrzycki Ł. , Fernández-Ramírez C. , Mathieu V. , Mikhasenko M. , Albaladejo M. , Hiller Blin A. N. , Pilloni A. , Szczepaniak A. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe production of $$\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi $$

η

(
′
)

π

pairs constitutes one of the golden channels to search for hybrid exotics, with explicit gluonic degrees of freedom. Understanding the dynamics and backgrounds associated to $$\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi $$

η

(
′
)

π

production above the resonance region is required to impose additional constraints to the resonance extraction. We consider the reaction $$\pi ^-p\rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )} \pi ^- \,p$$

π
-

p
→

η

(
′
)

π
-

p

measured by COMPASS. We show that the data in $$2.4< m_{\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi } < 3.0{\mathrm {\,GeV}} $$

2.4
<

m

η

(
′
)

π

<
3.0

GeV

can be described by amplitudes based on double-Regge exchanges. The angular distribution of the meson pairs, in particular in the $$\eta ' \pi $$

η
′

π

channel, can be attributed to flavor singlet exchanges, suggesting the presence of a large gluon content that couples strongly to the produced mesons.
Contribution of inter- and intraband transitions into electron–phonon coupling in metals
Authors: Medvedev Nikita , Milov Igor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We recently developed an approach for calculation of the electron–phonon (electron–ion in a more general case) coupling in materials based on tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations. In the present work, we utilize this approach to study partial contributions of inter- and intraband electron scattering events into total electron–phonon coupling in Al, Au, and Cu elemental metals and in AlCu alloy. We demonstrate that the interband scattering plays an important role in the electron–ion energy exchange process in Al and AlCu, whereas intraband d–d transitions are dominant in Au and Cu. Moreover, inter- and intraband transitions exhibit qualitatively different dependencies on the electron temperature. Our findings should be taken into account for the interpretation of experimental results on the electron–phonon coupling parameter.

Graphic abstract
TargetingEGFRExon 20 Insertions in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Recent Advances and Clinical Updates
Authors: Meador Catherine B. , Sequist Lecia V. , Piotrowska Zofia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApproximately 10% of EGFR-activating mutations occur as in-frame insertion mutations in exon 20 of the EGFR kinase domain (EGFR ins20). EGFR ins20 mutations have not demonstrated the same sensitivity to early generations of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) as canonical activating EGFR mutations such as del19 and L858R. Development of effective therapies for this subset of patients has been challenging, but recent years have seen more rapid progress in these efforts. In this review, we describe the molecular and clinicopathologic features of EGFR ins20 mutations and summarize recent data on emerging therapies for patients with this subtype of EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Significance:When activating mutations in EGFR were first discovered in lung cancer, the lack of sensitivity of tumors harboring EGFR ins20 mutations to early-generation EGFR TKIs resulted in this subset of EGFR-mutant tumors being initially classified as an untargetable or intrinsically resistant subpopulation. In addition, the diversity of mutations within EGFR exon 20 and resultant challenges identifying them on routine clinical genotyping tests led to underestimation of their frequency. However, recent scientific progress in targeting EGFR ins20 mutations as well as more effective identification of this clinical cohort has enhanced our ability to develop effective therapies for patients with this subtype of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
Left and Right Arcuate Fasciculi Are Uniquely Related to Word Reading Skills in Chinese-English Bilingual Children
Authors: Gao Yue , Meng Xiangzhi , Bai Zilin , Liu Xin , Zhang Manli , Li Hehui , Ding Guosheng , Liu Li , Booth James R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhether reading in different writing systems recruits language-unique or language-universal neural processes is a long-standing debate. Many studies have shown the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) to be involved in phonological and reading processes. In contrast, little is known about the role of the right AF in reading, but some have suggested that it may play a role in visual spatial aspects of reading or the prosodic components of language. The right AF may be more important for reading in Chinese due to its logographic and tonal properties, but this hypothesis has yet to be tested. We recruited a group of Chinese-English bilingual children (8.2 to 12.0 years old) to explore the common and unique relation of reading skill in English and Chinese to fractional anisotropy (FA) in the bilateral AF. We found that both English and Chinese reading skills were positively correlated with FA in the rostral part of the left AF-direct segment. Additionally, English reading skill was positively correlated with FA in the caudal part of the left AF-direct segment, which was also positively correlated with phonological awareness. In contrast, Chinese reading skill was positively correlated with FA in certain segments of the right AF, which was positively correlated with visual spatial ability, but not tone discrimination ability. Our results suggest that there are language universal substrates of reading across languages, but that certain left AF nodes support phonological mechanisms important for reading in English, whereas certain right AF nodes support visual spatial mechanisms important for reading in Chinese.
Sir 34:30 and Forensic Rhetoric in Augustine’s Conflict with the Donatists
Authors: Ployd Adam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The book of Sirach plays a larger part within Augustine’s theology than has hitherto been appreciated. This article helps fill this lacuna by examining the role of Sir 34:30 – “What does the bath profit one who is baptized by a dead man?” – in Augustine’s conflict with the Donatists. In addition to showing the significance of this verse within the conflict, I further argue that it allows us to espy the forensic rhetoric that shapes much of Augustine’s anti-Donatist polemic. In particular, I point to techniques of inventio that provide not merely stylistic but also argumentative forms and approaches that Augustine deploys on several fronts.
Reading (?) Vives in Sixteenth-Century Russia
Authors: Akopyan Ovanes 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article provides an annotated edition, along with an English translation, of a relatively neglected sixteenth-century Russian text claimed to be a response to Juan Luis Vives’s renowned commentary on Augustine’s De civitate Dei. The Words against Juan Luis Vives was composed by Maximus the Greek, who was a central figure in Russian culture during the first half of the sixteenth century. As this article demonstrates, Maximus’ text serves as a revealing summary of what constituted the negative attitude towards Renaissance thought at the Muscovite court. This article also investigates the grounds on which Maximus based his critical remarks; there is a strong argument to assume that Maximus had never, in fact, read Vives’s commentary on Augustine.
Evaluation of Global Wave Probabilities Consistent with Official Forecasts
Authors: Sampson Charles R. , Serra Efren A. , Knaff John A. , Cossuth Joshua H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe U.S. Navy is keenly interested in analyses and predictions of waves at sea due to their effects on important tasks such as shipping, base preparedness and disaster relief. U.S. Tropical Cyclone (TC) Forecast Centers routinely disseminate wind probabilities consistent with official TC forecasts worldwide, but do not do the same for wave forecasts. These probabilities are especially important at longer leads where TC forecast accuracy diminishes. This work describes global wave probabilities consistent with both the official TC forecasts and their wind probabilities. Real-time runs for 84 TCs between May 2018 and March 2019, with probabilities generated for 12-ft and 18-ft significant wave heights are used to calculate verification statistics. This results in 347, 319, 261, 214, 155, and 112 verification cases at lead times of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days where each verification case consists of a 20x20 degree latitude longitude grid around the verifying TC position. When compared with wave probabilities generated solely by a global numerical weather prediction model, the wind probability-based algorithm demonstrates improved consistency with official forecasts and provides additional benefits. Those benefits include an improved capability to discriminate between 12-ft and 18-ft significant wave events and non-events. The verification statistics also shows that the wind probability-based algorithm has a consistent high bias. How these biases can be reduced in future efforts is also discussed.
Occupational Therapists as Social Change Agents: Exploring Factors that Influence Their Actions
Authors: Picotin Jessica , Beaudoin Michaël , Hélie Sandrine , Martin Ann-Élisabeth , Carrier Annie 
Published: July 2021

Background. When acting effectively in their social change agent (SCA) role, occupational therapists can impact population health and occupational justice. However, empirical evidence of the influence of personal and environmental factors on their ability to act as SCAs is scarce. Purpose. To explore personal and environmental factors that influence the ability of occupational therapists to act as effective SCAs. Method. We conducted a descriptive interpretive qualitative study with 18 Québec occupational therapists recognized as successful SCAs. We collected data through semi-structured interviews with three focus groups and analyzed them thematically using a lexicon. Findings. We identified nine cross-cutting personal factors, including discovery, effective communication, and planning, that enable occupational therapists to act as successful SCAs. Six thematic groups of environmental factors facilitated or hindered their actions. Implications. To act effectively as SCAs, occupational therapists need to consider personal and environmental factors involved in their change project.
Prospective Clinical Trial Comparing IV Esmolol to IV Metoprolol in CT Coronary Angiography: Effect on Hemodynamic, Technical Parameters and Cost
Authors: Vimala Leena Robinson , Eifer Diego Andre , Karimzad Yasser , Paul Narinder S. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Intravenous [IV] esmolol, an alternative to IV metoprolol for coronary computed tomography angiography [CCTA], has shorter half-life that decreases the risk of prolonged hypotension. The primary aim was to prospectively compare IV esmolol alone to IV metoprolol alone for effectiveness in achieving heart rate [HR] of 60 beats per minute[bpm] during CCTA. The secondary aim was to compare hemodynamic response, image quality, radiation dose and cost. Materials and Methods: Institutional Review Board approved prospective randomized study of 28 CCTA patients medicated in a 1:1 blinded match with IV esmolol or IV metoprolol to achieve HR of 60 bpm. Serial hemodynamic response was measured at 6 specified times. Two cardiac radiologists independently scored the image quality. Results: Both IV esmolol and IV metoprolol achieved the target HR. IV esmolol resulted in significantly less profound and shorter duration of reduction in systolic blood pressure [BP] than IV metoprolol with a difference of -10, -14 and -9 mm Hg compared to -20, -26 and -25 mmHg at 2, 15 & 30 min respectively. No significant difference in HR at image acquisition, exposure window, radiation dose and image quality. Although IV esmolol was expensive, the overall cost of care was comparable to IV metoprolol due to shortened post CCTA observation period consequent to faster restoration of hemodynamic status. Conclusion: Comparison of IV esmolol and IV metoprolol demonstrate that both are effective in achieving the target HR but significantly faster recovery of HR and BP in patients who receive IV esmolol was found.
How Ready Are Young Adults to Participate in Community Service? An Application of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
Authors: Fenn Natalie , Reyes Cheyenne , Monahan Kathleen , Robbins Mark L. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Engaging in community service, or unpaid work intended to help people in a community, is generally associated with greater overall well-being. However, the process of beginning and maintaining community service engagement has been sparsely examined. The current study applied the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change to understanding community service readiness among young adults. Design: Cross-sectional design using an online survey. Setting: Participants were undergraduate students recruited at a mid-sized Northeastern US university in Spring 2018. Sample: Participants ( N = 314) had a mean age of 20.36 years ( SD = 3.69), were primarily White (78%), female (72%), and from moderately high socioeconomic backgrounds (as measured by parental level of education). Measures: Socio-demographics including age, gender, race-ethnicity, and parental level of education; readiness, pros, cons, and self-efficacy for community service; civic engagement behavior; well-being. Analysis: Participants were classified into very low ( n = 62), low ( n = 59), moderate ( n = 92), high ( n = 46), and very high ( n = 55) readiness for community service groupings. A MANOVA was conducted to assess relationships between groupings and community service TTM constructs, civic engagement, and well-being. Results: There were significant differences between readiness groupings on all main outcome variables, F(20, 1012) = 10.34, p < .001; Wilks’ Λ = 0.54, η2 = .14. Post-hoc Games-Howell tests showed that those exhibiting higher levels of readiness reported fewer cons, greater pros, higher self-efficacy, more overall civic engagement, and greater well-being compared to lower readiness individuals. Conclusion: Consistent with previous TTM applications, self-efficacy and the importance of pros increased across readiness groupings while the importance of cons decreased. Study findings may be used to inform readiness-tailored interventional work for increasing community service. This area of study would benefit from longitudinal research examining community service readiness beyond the college environment.
Feasibility of implementing a same-day electronic screening tool for clinical assessment to measure patient-reported outcomes for eliciting actionable information on adherence to HIV medication and related factors in a busy Canadian urban HIV clinic
Authors: Suri Shivali , Yoong Deborah , Short Duncan , Tan Darrell HS , Naccarato Mark , Crane Heidi M , Musten Alexandra , Fredericksen Rob J , Lober William B , Gough Kevin 
Published: July 2021

Background: An optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is fundamental for suppression of HIV viral load and favourable treatment outcomes. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are effective tools for improving patient–provider communication and focusing providers’ awareness on current health problems. The objectives of this analysis were (1) to determine the feasibility of implementing an electronic screening tool to measure PROs in a Canadian HIV clinic to obtain information on ART adherence and related factors and (2) to determine the factors related to sub-optimal adherence. Methods: This implementation research with a convenience sample of 600 people living with HIV (PLWH) was conducted in a busy, academic, urban HIV clinic in Toronto, Canada. PLWH were approached to participate in PRO assessments just prior to their in-clinic appointments, including health-related domains such as mental health, housing, nutrition, financial stress and medication adherence, and responses were summarized on a single sheet available for providers to review. Feasibility of implementing PROs was assessed by quantifying response rate, completion rate, time taken and participation rate. Medication adherence was elicited by self-report of the percentage of prescribed HIV medications taken in the last month. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were estimated from logistic regression models to identify factors associated with adherence of <95%. Results: Of the 748 PLWH invited to participate, 692 (participation rate: 92.5%) completed the PRO assessments as standard of care in clinic. Of these, 600 consented to the use of their PRO results for research and were included in this analysis. The average response rate to the ART-related questions was 96.8% and mean completion rate was 95.5%. The median time taken to complete the assessment was 12.0 (IQR = 8.4–17.3) min, adjusted 8.7 (IQR = 7.2–10.8) min. 445 (74.9%) of participants were male, and 153 (26.2%) reported dissatisfaction with ART. 105 (19.7%) of the PLWH reported ART adherence of <95%. Multivariable logistic regression identified the following risk factors for sub-optimal adherence: dissatisfaction with ART (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.38–3.83), not having a family doctor or not visiting a family doctor in last year (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.02–2.79). Conclusion: Collecting self-reported health information from PLWH through PROs in a busy urban clinic was feasible and can provide relevant information to healthcare providers on issues related to adherence. This has a potential to help in individualizing ambulatory care.