bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On developing sensitive nonparametric mixed control charts with application to manufacturing industry
Authors: Ali Saber , Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Riaz Muhammad , Zhang Xingfa , Li Yuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractControl charts are designed under the normality assumption of the quality characteristic of the process. However, the normality assumption rarely holds in practice. In non‐normal conditions, parametric charts tend to display more false alarm rates and invalid out‐of‐control comparisons. The exponentially weighted moving average chart is a frequently used memory‐type control chart for monitoring the process target that only performs effectively under the smoothing parameter's small choices. This study proposes a nonparametric mixed exponentially weighted moving average‐progressive mean chart based on sign statistic (NPMEPSN) under simple and ranked set sampling schemes to address this said drawback. Normal and non‐normal distributions are included in this study to observe the proposed chart's in‐control behavior and out‐of‐control efficacy. The prominent feature of the proposed schemes is that it works efficiently in detecting small and persistent shifts in the process location corresponding to the given values of the smoothing parameter. The proposed scheme is also tested under the ranked set sampling scheme to enhance the NPMEPSN chart's performance (hereafter named “NPMEPRSN”). The performance of the proposed charts is investigated through simulations using run‐length profiles. The proposed schemes were seen to outperform other alternatives, specifically under the ranked set sampling scheme. A real data‐set related to the diameter of a piston ring is included as a demonstration of the proposal.
Antioxidant Nanomedicine Significantly Enhances the Survival Benefit of Radiation Cancer Therapy by Mitigating Oxidative Stress‐Induced Side Effects
Authors: Kim Ahram , Yonemoto Chiaki , Feliciano Chitho P. , Shashni Babita , Nagasaki Yukio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOxidative stress‐induced off‐target effects limit the therapeutic window of radiation therapy. Although many antioxidants have been evaluated as radioprotective agents, none of them are in widespread clinical use, owing to the side effects of the antioxidants themselves and the lack of apparent benefit. Aiming for a truly effective radioprotective agent in radiation cancer therapy, the performance of a self‐assembling antioxidant nanoparticle (herein denoted as redox nanoparticle; RNP) is evaluated in the local irradiation of a subcutaneous tumor‐bearing mouse model. Since RNP is covered with a biocompatible shell layer and possesses a core–shell type structure of several tens of nanometers in size, its lifetime in the systemic circulation is prolonged. Moreover, since 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO), one of the most potent antioxidants, is covalently encapsulated in the core of RNP, it exerts intense antioxidant activity and induces fewer adverse effects by avoiding leakage of the TEMPO molecules. Preadministration of RNP to the mouse model effectively mitigates side effects in normal tissues and significantly extends the survival benefit of radiation cancer therapy. Moreover, RNP pretreatment noticeably increases the apoptosis/necrosis ratio of radiation‐induced cell death, a highly desirable property to reduce the chronic side effects of ionizing irradiation.
Epigenetic Quantification of DNA 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine Using DNA Hybridization‐Based Single‐Molecule Immunofluorescent Imaging
Authors: Du Yang , Lai Ying , Liu Ji‐Yan , Diao Jiajie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) epigenetic modification that has an important function in embryonic development and human diseases. However, the numerous methods that have been developed to detect and quantify 5hmC, require large amounts of DNA sample to be modified via chemical reactions, which considerably limits their application with cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). Meanwhile, other antibody‐based methods of detecting 5hmC do not offer information about the DNA sequence. Here, in this article DNA hybridization‐based single‐molecule immunofluorescent imaging is presented, an ultrasensitive method of detecting 5hmC modification in DNA. Via using the probe DNA to capture the DNA fragment of interest and the 5hmC antibody to detect the 5hmC modification in DNA, the fluorescent response signal of the 5hmC modification from the secondary antibody at the single‐molecule level is successfully detected. Using the method, one could determine the quantity of 5hmC in the gene of interest within 6 h. In addition, it requires only 3 pg of the DNA sample and minimal experience and training for operation and analysis.
Phylogenetic affinities and morphology of the Pliocene cathartiform Dryornis pampeanus Moreno & Mercerat
Authors: Degrange Federico J. , Tambussi Claudia P. , Taglioretti Matías L. , Scaglia Fernando A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe fossil bird Dryornis pampeanus Moreno & Mercerat, is reinterpreted after examination of new referred material (humerus, coracoid, fragments of ulna, radius, scapula, sternum and tibiotarsus) from the Pliocene Chapadmalal Formation of Argentina. The current diagnosis is emended in the light of important considerations that cast doubt on the previous attribution of the taxon to condors. The phylogenetic position of D. pampeanus was tested in a series of maximum parsimony analyses that included all seven living Cathartiformes and 207 osteological characters. The phylogenetic analyses placed D. pampeanus as the sister taxon of extant vultures. An estimation of 26 kg for the mass, positions D. pampeanus as the largest cathartiform to have ever lived. The presence of this taxon in both the Monte Hermoso and Chapadmalal Formations not only extends the stratigraphic range of the species, but also supports the idea that they were partially contemporaneous during the early Pliocene. The dependence of the vultures on ephemeral carrion suggests that they have especially large ranges. The sites from which the lectotype and new material were recovered (Monte Hermoso and Chapadmalal, respectively) are only 400 km apart, suggesting that the two sites were at least partly contemporaneous.
The identity of Utricularia trinervia (Lentibulariaceae): Taxonomic re‐establishment and unpublished descriptions of trap morphology
Authors: Guedes Felipe Martins , Coan Alessandra Ike , Araújo Giselle Bezerra , Alves Marccus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious morphometric and molecular studies indicate that Utricularia amethystina is a species complex distributed in the warmer zones of the Neotropical region. It includes 31 names accepted as synonyms, mainly based on morphological characteristics of bracts and bracteoles, traps and capsule dehiscence. Despite previous efforts and evidence suggesting that at least four names should be reconsidered at species level, this taxonomic complex still needs improved resolution and recircumscription for each species. Therefore, this contribution presents macro‐ and micromorphological evidence for the re‐establishment of U. trinervia, including its detailed taxonomic description, unprecedented characterization of its traps, habitat and distribution, conservation status and comparative discussion with U. amethystina s.str.
The control of polycomb repressive complexes by long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Trotman Jackson B. , Braceros Keean C. A. , Cherney Rachel E. , Murvin McKenzie M. , Calabrese J. Mauro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRCs; PRC1 and PRC2) are conserved histone‐modifying enzymes that often function cooperatively to repress gene expression. The PRCs are regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in complex ways. On the one hand, specific lncRNAs cause the PRCs to engage with chromatin and repress gene expression over genomic regions that can span megabases. On the other hand, the PRCs bind RNA with seemingly little sequence specificity, and at least in the case of PRC2, direct RNA‐binding has the effect of inhibiting the enzyme. Thus, some RNAs appear to promote PRC activity, while others may inhibit it. The reasons behind this apparent dichotomy are unclear. The most potent PRC‐activating lncRNAs associate with chromatin and are predominantly unspliced or harbor unusually long exons. Emerging data imply that these lncRNAs promote PRC activity through internal RNA sequence elements that arise and disappear rapidly in evolutionary time. These sequence elements may function by interacting with common subsets of RNA‐binding proteins that recruit or stabilize PRCs on chromatin.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
A three-point form factor through five loops
Authors: Dixon Lance J. , McLeod Andrew J. , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We bootstrap the three-point form factor of the chiral part of the stress­tensor supermultiplet in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory, obtaining new results at three, four, and five loops. Our construction employs known conditions on the first, second, and final entries of the symbol, combined with new multiple-final-entry conditions, “extended-Steinmann-like” conditions, and near-collinear data from the recently-developed form factor operator product expansion. Our results are expected to give the maximally transcendental parts of the gg → Hg and H → ggg amplitudes in the heavy-top limit of QCD. At two loops, the extended-Steinmann-like space of functions we describe contains all transcendental functions required for four-point amplitudes with one massive and three massless external legs, and all massless internal lines, including processes such as gg → Hg and γ* → $$ q\overline{q}g $$
q

q
¯

g
. We expect the extended-Steinmann-like space to contain these amplitudes at higher loops as well, although not to arbitrarily high loop order. We present evidence that the planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 three-point form factor can be placed in an even smaller space of functions, with no independent ζ values at weights two and three.
Thermalization in different phases of charged SYK model
Authors: Samui Tousik , Sorokhaibam Nilakash 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study thermalization of charged SYK model in two different phases. We show that both the highly chaotic liquid phase and the dilute gas phase thermalize. Surprisingly the dilute gas state thermalizes instantaneously. We argue that this phenomenon arises because the system in this phase consists of only long-lived quasi-particles at very low density. The liquid state thermalizes exponentially fast. We also show that the additional introduction of random mass deformation (q = 2 SYK term) slows down thermalization but the system thermalizes exponentially fast. This is observed despite the fact that the addition of large q = 2 SYK interaction forces spectral statistics to obey Poisson statistics. An interesting new observation is that the effective temperature is non-monotonic during thermalization in the liquid state. It has a bump at relatively long time before settling down to the final value. With non-zero chemical potential, the effective temperature oscillates noticeably before settling down to the final value.
Generalized Derivations and Rota-Baxter Operators of $$\varvec{n}$$-ary Hom-Nambu Superalgebras
Authors: Mabrouk Sami , Ncib Othmen , Silvestrov Sergei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to generalise the construction of n-ary Hom-Lie bracket by means of an $$(n-2)$$

(
n
-
2
)

-cochain of given Hom-Lie algebra to super case inducing n-Hom-Lie superalgebras. We study the notion of generalized derivations and Rota-Baxter operators of n-ary Hom-Nambu and n-Hom-Lie superalgebras and their relation with generalized derivations and Rota-Baxter operators of Hom-Lie superalgebras. We also introduce the notion of 3-Hom-pre-Lie superalgebras which is the generalization of 3-Hom-pre-Lie algebras.
Peripoperative Mortalität nach ICD-Implantation
Authors: Bogossian Harilaos , Panteloglou Dimitrios , Karosiene Zana , Macher-Heidrich Susanne , Adomeit Heinz Jürgen , Lemke Bernd , Israel Carsten W. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Implantierbare Kardioverter-Defibrillatoren (ICD) sind zum Schutz vor plötzlichem Herztod bei Patienten mit primär- oder sekundärprophylaktischer Indikation etabliert. Wie bei allen komplexen operativen Verfahren verbleibt auch bei der ICD-Implantation ein Risiko für Komplikationen bis hin zum Tod. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, anhand der Datensätze zur obligaten Qualitätssicherung in Nordrhein-Westfalen die prozedurbezogene Mortalität nach ICD-Implantation zu analysieren.

Methoden
Aus den Datensätzen erfolgte eine Analyse der stationären Todesfälle bei allen 18.625 ICD-Implantationen der Jahre 2010 bis 2012.

Ergebnisse
Während des stationären Aufenthalts verstarben 118 Patienten (0,6 %) nach ICD-Implantation. Patienten im Alter über 80 Jahre (7 %) zeigten eine höhere Mortalität (1,9 % vs. 0,5 % bei < 80-jährigen Patienten, p > 0,001), ebenso Frauen (0,95 % vs. 0,54 % bei Männern; p = 0,004) und Patienten mit hoher NYHA(New York Heart Association)-Klasse (0,3 % bei NYHA II, 0,7 % bei NYHA III, 3,4 % bei NYHA IV; p < 0,001 für alle Vergleiche). Das Vorliegen von Diabetes mellitus (23 % des Kollektivs) beeinflusste die perioperative Letalität nicht, während eine dialysepflichtige Niereninsuffizienz eine signifikant erhöhte Mortalität aufwies (p < 0,001 gegenüber Patienten mit Kreatinin ≤ 1,5 mg/dl; p = 0,002 gegenüber nicht dialysepflichtigen Patienten mit Kreatinin > 1,5 mg/dl). Patienten mit sekundärprophylaktischer ICD-Indikation wiesen eine signifikant höhere Mortalität auf (1,2 % vs. 0,4 %; p < 0,001), die sich beim Auftreten von Komplikationen von 0,6 % auf 3,7 % erhöhte (p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Die operationsbezogene Mortalität bei ICD-Implantation ist bei Patienten über 80 Jahre, hoher NYHA-Klasse, Dialysepflicht, sekundärprophylaktischer Indikation und nach Auftreten von Komplikationen erhöht.
Neuroprotective and antioxidative effects of pioglitazone in brain tissue adjacent to the ischemic core are mediated by PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE pathways
Authors: Zhao Yi , Lützen Ulf , Gohlke Peter , Jiang Ping , Herdegen Thomas , Culman Juraj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study elucidates the neuroprotective mechanisms of the PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) agonist pioglitazone in survival of ischemic neurons following middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion (MCAO). Intracerebroventricular infusion of pioglitazone over 5 days before and 24 or 48 h after MCAO alleviated neurological impairments, inhibited apoptosis 24 h, and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway along with increased phosphorylation of Akt (ser473) and GSK-3β (ser9) in the peri-infarct cortical areas 48 h after MCAO. In primary cortical neurons, pioglitazone suppressed the glutamate-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase by a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. This protective effect was reversed after co-treatment with PI3K and Akt inhibitors, LY294002 and SH-6, respectively. Pioglitazone enhanced the expression of the antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2 and its target gene protein, heme oxidase-1, in the peri-infarct area. Pioglitazone also increased activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) in neuronal PC12 cells transfected with the pNQO1-rARE plasmid. We demonstrate in primary cortical neurons from Nrf2 knockout mice that the lack of Nrf2 completely abolished the neuroprotective effects of pioglitazone against oxidative and excitotoxic damage. Our results strongly suggest that the neuroprotective effects of PPARγ in peri-infarct brain tissues comprise the concomitant activation of the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE pathways.

Key messages

Pioglitazone inhibits apoptosis in ischemic brain tissue.

Pioglitazone acting on PPARγ activates PI3K/Akt pathway in ischemic brain tissue.

Pioglitazone activates via Nrf2 the antioxidant defense pathway in injured neurons.

Pioglitazone activates the antioxidant response element in neuronal PC12 cells.

Pioglitazone fails to protect primary neurons lacking Nrf2 against oxidative damage.

Activation of PPARγ supports the survival of viable neurons in peri-infarct regions.
A systematic review evaluating the clinimetric properties of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) questionnaires for lower limb tendinopathy shows moderate to high-quality evidence for sufficient reliability, validity and responsiveness—part II
Authors: Korakakis Vasileios , Whiteley Rod , Kotsifaki Argyro , Stefanakis Manos , Sotiralis Yiannis , Thorborg Kristian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The evaluation of measurement properties such as reliability, measurement error, construct validity, and responsiveness provides information on the quality of the scale as a whole, rather than on an item level. We aimed to synthesize the measurement properties referring to reliability, measurement error, construct validity, and responsiveness of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment questionnaires (Achilles tendon—VISA-A, greater trochanteric pain syndrome—VISA-G, proximal hamstring tendinopathy—VISA-H, patellar tendon—VISA-P).

Methods
A systematic review was conducted according to Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments methodology (COSMIN). PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SportsDiscus, grey literature, and reference lists were searched. Studies assessing the measurement properties concerning reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the VISA questionnaires in patients with lower limb tendinopathies were included. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality of studies assessing reliability, validity, and responsiveness using the COSMIN guidelines and the evidence for these measurement properties. A modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied to the evidence synthesis.

Results
There is moderate-quality evidence for sufficient VISA-A, VISA-G, and VISA-P reliability. There is moderate-quality evidence for sufficient VISA-G and VISA-P measurement error, and high-quality evidence for sufficient construct validity for all the VISA questionnaires. Furthermore, high-quality evidence exists with regard to VISA-A for sufficient responsiveness in patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy following conservative interventions.

Conclusions
Sufficient reliability, measurement error, construct validity and responsiveness were found for the VISA questionnaires with variable quality of evidence except for VISA-A which displayed insufficient measurement error.

Level of evidence
IV.

Registration details
Prospero (CRD42018107671); PROSPERO reference—CRD42019126595.
MR imaging of the quadriceps femoris tendon: distal tear characterization and clinical significance of rupture types
Authors: Falkowski Anna L. , Jacobson Jon A. , Hirschmann Michael T. , Kalia Vivek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
To characterize quadriceps femoris tendon tears on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging regarding tear extent, location, and presence of bony avulsion.

Materials and methods
IRB approval was obtained and informed consent was waived for this retrospective case series. Electronic medical records from all patients in our hospital system were searched for keywords: knee MR imaging, and quadriceps tendon rupture or tear. MRI studies were randomized and independently evaluated by two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists. MR imaging was used to characterize each individual quadriceps tendon as having tendinosis, tear (location, partial versus complete, size, and retraction distance), and bony avulsion. Knee radiographs were reviewed for presence or absence of bony avulsion. Descriptive statistics and inter-reader reliability (Cohen’s Kappa and Wilcoxon-signed-rank test) were calculated.

Results
Fifty-two patients with 53 quadriceps tears were evaluated (45 males, 7 females; mean age: 51 ± 13 years). The vastus intermedius (VI) tendon more often incurred a partial rather than a complete tear (39.6% vs. 37.7%), while the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus lateralis (VL) incurred complete tears more commonly (64.2–66%). Subjects with bony avulsion on radiographs had higher-grade tears of the RF, VM, and VL tears (p = 0.020–0.043) but not the VI. Most tendons tore at or immediately proximal to the patella (84.8–93.6%). Gaps in retracted torn tendons measured between 2.3 and 2.7 cm. Inter-reader reliability was substantial to almost perfect (κ = 0.624–0.953).

Conclusion
Quadriceps femoris tendon tears most commonly involve the RF or VL/VM layers usually in proximity to the patella. A bony avulsion correlates with a more extensive tear.

Key Points
• Quadriceps femoris tendon tears most commonly involve the rectus femoris or vastus lateralis/vastus medialis layers.
• A rupture of the quadriceps femoris tendon usually occurs in proximity to the patella.
• A bony avulsion of the patella correlates with a more extensive tear of the superficial and middle layers of the quadriceps tendon.
Unmet support needs in teenage and young adult childhood brain tumour survivors and their caregivers: “it’s all the aftermath, and then you’re forgotten about”
Authors: Nicklin Emma , Pointon Lucy , Glaser Adam , Sarwar Naseem , Kwok-Williams Michelle , Debono Miguel , Velikova Galina , Boele Florien W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Teenage and young adult (TYA) survivors of childhood brain tumours and their family caregivers can experience many late effects of treatment that can hamper the transition to living independent lives. Yet, their long-term supportive care needs are largely unknown. We investigated the supportive care needs of TYA survivors and their caregivers and explored the role and perceived use of support.

Methods
Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with survivors aged 16–30 (n = 11) who were ≥ 5 years after diagnosis and caregivers (n = 11). Interviews were recorded and transcriptions thematically analysed.

Results
Four themes emerged: (1) preferences for support and support services (unmet needs). Concerns regarding mental health, employment and financial uncertainty, the desire to live independently, and lack of support were emphasised. (2) Decline in support. Caregivers noted a drop-off in support available when transitioning to adult services. (3) Reasons for not obtaining adequate support. Several barriers to accessing support were raised, including distance and aging out of services. (4) The role of long-term hospital-based follow-up care. Participants highlighted the importance of, and reassurance from, long-term follow-up care but noted a more all-inclusive approach is required.

Conclusions
Even many years after diagnosis, TYA childhood brain tumour survivors and their caregivers continue to have unmet supportive care needs. Both TYA survivors and their caregivers can benefit from support to meet their unique needs and improve long-term quality of life. Understanding unmet needs and recognising what services are required due to the late effects of treatment is critical to improving long-term quality of survival.