bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine: Efficacy and Safety as a Single Agent for Noninvasive Interventions among Pediatric Patients
Authors: McKenzie Katelyn A. , Langner Travis , Marques Francesca Perez , Sood Shawn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntranasal dexmedetomidine has become increasingly utilized for pediatric patients. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine, as a monotherapy and administered by pediatric intensivists, for a variety of interventions among pediatric patients, as there are limited studies describing this in the literature. This was a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients (outpatient, inpatient floor, and critical care statuses) undergoing noninvasive interventions between July 5, 2017 and July 5, 2022. The primary outcome of interest was the type and number of adverse events (respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and patient intolerance events). The secondary outcome was the length of sedation. Additional data of interest included age, length of recovery, and type of intervention. There were 59 sedations completed using intranasal dexmedetomidine as a single agent. No adverse events were observed. The median age of patients was 14 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.50–26.50 months). The median sedation time was 69 minutes (IQR: 57.5–87.5) and 75% of the patients recovered within 43 minutes. The majority of patients (54%) underwent computed tomography scans, but additional interventions ranged from auditory brainstem response evaluations to echocardiograms. Intranasal dexmedetomidine seems to be a safe and effective monotherapy for noninvasive interventions in the pediatric population and can be administered by pediatric intensivists.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Neonates: A Predictor of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Tong Khanh Linh , Linh Hoang Mai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) is a common cause of mortality in the neonatal period. The purpose of the study was to determine the value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the early diagnosis of EOS.
Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 102 newborns with early-onset infection (EOI) were enrolled within the first 72 hours of life in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital, the largest pediatric center in central Vietnam.
Results Among 102 newborns, 32 were identified as having EOS, while the remaining 70 were classified as EOI. The median NLR value in the EOS group (2.7 [2.0–5.6]) was statistically significantly higher than that in the EOI group (1.7 [1.0–2.4], p < 0.05). The NLR demonstrated a moderate ability to discriminate between EOS and EOI with the area under the curve (AUC) of 73.6% (p < 0.05). An NLR cut-off of 1.87 was found to be optimal, with a sensitivity of 84.4%, a specificity of 60.0%, a positive predictive value of 49.1%, and a negative predictive value of 89.4%. The combination of NLR and C-reactive protein demonstrated the best performance in predicting EOS, with the AUC of 85.3% (95% confidence interval: 76.9–91.5).
Conclusions This study suggests that NLR can be used as an additional diagnostic marker, alongside C-reactive protein, for the early diagnosis of EOS.
Artroplastia total de rodilla en luxación inveterada de patela: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Vicuña Bernardita , Mendez Magdalena , Orrego Mario , Arteaga Matías 
Published: December 2024

Resumen
Introducción La luxación patelar inveterada (LPI) asociada a artrosis es un problema infrecuente y de difícil manejo, especialmente en pacientes con síndrome de Down (SD). La alteración crónica del funcionamiento patelofemoral (PF) debido a un severo mal alineamiento conduce a una progresiva destrucción articular que puede culminar en artrosis tricompartimental. Se han descrito distintas técnicas para su resolución, desde procedimientos en partes blandas hasta el uso de prótesis total de rodilla (PTR).
Presentación del caso Hombre de 29 años con SD consultó por un año de gonalgia derecha atraumática, asociado a episodios de derrame articular. Inicialmente, se diagnosticó como artritis séptica. El examen físico mostró hiperlaxitud (Beighton 8), marcha claudicante, LPI, genu valgo irreductible y artrosis tricompartimental con genu valgo de 13,3° a derecha. Se trató con una PTR y realineamiento del aparato extensor mediante alargamiento del retináculo lateral y avance del vasto medial oblicuo (VMO) con técnica de Insall. A los 8 meses postoperatorios, el paciente está sin dolor, sin nuevos episodios de luxación patelar y es independiente para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria.
Discusión Se trata de un caso complejo de gonartrosis e inestabilidad patelar asociado a genu valgo, en un paciente con SD e hiperlaxitud. Junto con la LPI, enfrentamos un valgo de 13,3° y artrosis tricompartimental. Se planificó una PTR primaria estabilizada posterior (PS) con posibilidad de mayor constricción intraoperatoria, junto con realineamiento de partes blandas. La literatura demuestra que este paso es esencial para restaurar la biomecánica PF y lograr buena funcionalidad.
The COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on General Pediatric Ward Admissions: A Single-Center Study
Authors: AlEed Ashwaq , Alsalamah Abdullrahman , Alharbi Abdulaziz O. , Alrashedi Ahmad , Al-Nafeesah Abdullah , Al-Wutayd Osama , Al-Batanony Manal A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective A decline in health care utilization and hospital admissions resulted from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severely affecting many aspects of life. In this study, we sought to evaluate the pandemic impact on general pediatric admissions by comparing the 1-year prepandemic period.
Methods From the hospital records, all pediatric admissions from the beginning of March 2020 to the end of February 2021 and the corresponding period in 2019 to 2020 were included in this descriptive study.
Results A total of 4,179 hospitalizations met the study's inclusion criteria; 2,778 occurred before the pandemic and 1,401 occurred during the pandemic. The total pediatric hospitalizations decreased by 49.6% during the pandemic compared with before. Asthma (p-value < 0.001), acute bronchiolitis (p-value = 0.01), upper respiratory tract infections (p-value < 0.001), and delivery-related disorders (p-value = 0.01) all showed substantial significant decreases during the pandemic period compared with the prepandemic era.
Conclusion The decline in the overall hospitalization rate reflected the fear of contracting COVID-19 in an unsafe hospital environment. Concurrently, the incidence of communicable diseases fell due to pandemic-related lockdowns, hand hygiene issues, and school closures. While social distancing is highly recommended to protect children's health, public health officials must keep reminding parents not to defer necessary care since pediatric services remain accessible and unaffected during these difficult times.
Artropatía secundaria a inestabilidad glenohumeral anterior y análisis de las técnicas quirúrgicas: ¿Alguna influye en su aparición y progreso? Estado del arte
Authors: Melean Patricio , Koporcic Rade 
Published: December 2024

ResumenEl objetivo primario de esta revisión es describir cómo las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas que existen para el tratamiento de la inestabilidad anterior de hombro influyen en el desarrollo de artropatía post luxación glenohumeral (ALGH), condición similar a la artrosis, que puede desarrollarse especialmente en pacientes con episodios recurrentes.En estadios iniciales esta patología no produce mayores limitaciones funcionales, en estados más avanzados puede alterar significativamente las actividades de nuestros pacientes.La cirugía post inestabilidad busca restaurar la estabilidad y prevenir la progresión hacia la ALGH.A pesar de la diversidad de enfoques quirúrgicos para tratar la inestabilidad anterior de hombro, la literatura no muestra mayores diferencias entre técnicas quirúrgicas y progresión hacia una artropatía, enfatizando la relevancia de abordar factores de riesgo específicos y fundamentalmente la elección del procedimiento según la necesidad de nuestros pacientes.
Evolución de la tenodesis extraarticular lateral: Perspectivas actuales en cirugía primaria de ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Calvo Rafael , Isla Jorge , Figueroa David , Edwards Diego , González Waldo 
Published: December 2024

Resumen
Introducción La reconstrucción quirúrgica es el estándar de oro en el tratamiento de rotura de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) y tiene como objetivo restablecer la anatomía normal, restaurar la estabilidad de la rodilla, y prevenir el desarrollo tanto de patologías meniscales como las de cartílago. Esta cirugía cuenta con una tasa de fallo por re-rotura del injerto de hasta un 6-10%, razón por la que en la última década se han descrito diversas técnicas asociadas para disminuir dicha tasa de fracaso. La tenodesis extraarticular lateral (TEA) es un procedimiento quirúrgico asociado a la RLCA con el que se ha reportado una disminución de importante en las tasas de fracaso posterior a una reconstrucción primaria de LCA.
Objetivos Describir la tendencia y factores asociados a la utilización de tenodesis extraarticular en cirugía de RLCA durante los últimos 5 años en un centro clínico nacional de alto volumen.
Métodos Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Se estudió una base de datos anonimizada consistente de todas las cirugías primarias de LCA realizadas entre el 2018 y el 2023 en nuestra institución. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 14 años sometidos a cirugía primaria de LCA, y se excluyeron aquellos sometidos a cirugías de revisión, pacientes con lesiones multiligamentarias, o con fracturas asociadas. Se realizó estadística descriptiva para las variables edad, sexo, tipo de injerto utilizado, y realización de TEA durante la cirugía. Para el análisis de tendencia se utilizó la prueba de Prais-Winsten. Para el análisis de asociación entre sexo, tipo de injerto, año y TEA, se utilizó prueba de Chi2. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística con la información obtenida.
Resultados Se analizaron 922 pacientes con una media de edad de 30.2 años, 687 de sexo masculino (74.6%). El injerto más utilizado en la muestra fue el de tendones isquiotibiales (75.1%). En el periodo estudiado, se realizó una TEA en un 14.21% de los participantes. Los resultados porcentuales de indicación por año fueron 5%, 8%, 10%, 27%, 17%, 30% en el periodo 2018-2023, respectivamente. La prueba de Prais-Winsten con p < 0.05 mostró un aumento significativo en la utilización de la TEA a lo largo de los años. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre una menor edad y TEA (p < 0.01). No se encontró una asociación significativa entre el sexo y TEA (p = 0.360), ni entre el tipo de injerto y TEA (p = 0.235).
Conclusiones En nuestro medio, existe una tendencia importante al alza de la utilización de TEA en pacientes sometidos a cirugía primaria de RLCA. Los pacientes sometidos a TEA son significativamente más jóvenes, hiperlaxos y practican deportes de contacto.
Hematological Parameters and Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Children with Viral Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Sert Sadiye , Sargın Fatma , Say Şerife Karaçal , Erayman Berna , Buldu Ebru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective Viral acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly those under 5 years. Accurate diagnosis and timely management are crucial to improve outcomes. This study aimed to address the lack of comparative analysis between hematological and systemic inflammatory markers concerning established disease severity scores in children with viral ALRTIs. We sought to evaluate the correlations between these markers and severity scores to identify which parameters provide the most reliable predictive value for assessing the severity of ALRTI diagnoses in this population.
Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 191 children hospitalized with viral ALRTIs. Hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory markers were analyzed. The pediatric respiratory severity score (PRESS) was used to assess disease severity.
Results Significant differences in some hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory markers across severity groups were observed. Significant correlations were found between PRESS and various hematological parameters, including white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, red cell distribution width, plateletocrit, and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio. Multivariate analysis identified PRESS, hemoglobin level, and mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio as independent predictors of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that platelet count had the highest area under the curve for predicting PICU admission.
Conclusion We found that values of hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory markers together with clinical severity scores can be used to assess the severity of ALRTIs in children. The identified cutoff values for these markers can aid in predicting PICU admission risk.
46,XX Disorders of Sex Development: A Case with p.Arg92Trp Variant in NR5A1
Authors: Oktay Mehmet Ali , Akın Agah , Döğer Esra , Kayhan Gülsüm , Kocaman Gizem Eşme , Çamurdan Mahmut Orhun , Bideci Aysun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOvotesticular (OT) disorders of sex development (DSDs) are marked by the simultaneous presence of ovarian and testicular tissues within the gonads. The appearance of external genitalia does not necessarily correlate with gonadal histology. Variants in the NR5A1 gene can result in SRY-negative DSD. In this report, we present a case involving a variant in the NR5A1 gene. A 3-year-old phenotypic male presenting with micropenis, penile hypospadias, and a bifid scrotum was identified to have a c.274C > T, p.Arg92Trp variant in the NR5A1 gene, along with a 46,XX karyotype. Genetic factors such as variants in the NR5A1 gene, independent of SRY, can lead to the development of both testicular and OT DSDs, possibly manifesting in varying gender phenotypes.
A configurable two-tone electron spin resonance spectrometer
Authors: Collett Charles A. , Davvetas Sofia M. , Alsuhaymi Abdulelah , Timco Grigore A. 
Published: December 2024

Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a powerful tool for characterizing and manipulating spin systems, but commercial ESR spectrometers can be inflexible and designed to work in narrow frequency bands. This work presents a spectrometer built from off-the-shelf parts that, when coupled with easy-to-design resonators, enables ESR over a broad frequency range, including at frequencies outside the standard bands. It can operate at either a single frequency or at two frequencies simultaneously. The spectrometer is controlled by a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and new capabilities can be easily added by reconfiguring the FPGA and adding or swapping components. We demonstrate the capabilities of the spectrometer using the molecular nanomagnet Cr7Mn, including simultaneous ESR at frequencies separated by nearly 500 MHz.
Commissioning and first result of undulator based atomic, molecular, and optical sciences (AMOS) beamline at Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source
Authors: Singh Param Jeet , Maitra Tamaghna , Das A. K. , Yadav A. K. , Kumar Ravi , Agarwal Ankur , Dvivedi Ashutosh , Gorai K. K. , Shastri A. , Bhattacharyya D. , Udupa D. V. 
Published: December 2024

We present a comprehensive overview of the commissioning process and initial results of a synchrotron beamline dedicated to atomic, molecular, and optical sciences at the BL-5 undulator port of the Indus-2 synchrotron facility, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology, Indore, India. The beamline delivers a photon flux of ∼1012 photons/s with high resolving power (∼10 000) over an energy range of 6–800 eV, making it suitable for high-resolution spectroscopy in atomic, molecular, and optical science. The energy tunability from vacuum ultraviolet to soft x-ray (6–800 eV) is achieved through a varied line spacing plane grating monochromator with four gratings: very low energy (VLEG), low energy (LEG), medium energy (MEG), and high energy (HEG). These gratings cover ranges of 6–18, 15–45, 42–126, and 90–800 eV, respectively. A differential pumping system allows windowless transmission of VUV and soft x-ray photons for gas-phase spectroscopic experiments. The beamline also includes an x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) station for solid samples. To demonstrate efficiency, a spectrum was recorded using all four gratings in the 6–300 eV energy range. Standard spectra of Xe and O2 verified the resolution, achieving a resolving power of 7740 with the VLEG, consistent with design specifications. XAS spectra of Cu M, C, and O K-edges were also obtained using MEG and HEG. Details on vacuum level, grating operation, and the first commissioning experiments are presented.
Measuring the sensitivity of imaging plates to keV carbon ions
Authors: Hayashi Yukio , Mori Michiaki , Kotaki Hideyuki , Onoda Shinobu , Yamada Keisuke , Kando Masaki 
Published: December 2024

Imaging plates (IPs) are valuable tools for measuring the intensity of ionizing radiation such as x-rays, electrons, and ions. In this work, we measured the sensitivity of IPs to carbon ions in the unexplored energy region of 0.7–10 keV. These carbon ions were generated using a low-energy electron cyclotron resonance ion-beam source and were subsequently transported to the IPs via an energy-selecting bending magnet. We found that the measured sensitivity exhibited a nonlinear relationship with ion energy, for which the existing formula does not account. Thus, we propose a new formula that can effectively describe the sensitivity of IPs to carbon ions with energies from the single-keV range to higher values.
A fins-shaped bidirectional linear ultrasonic motor driven by a single-phase signal
Authors: He Jie , Fan Pingqing , Ma Xipei , Wang Yansong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the propulsion mechanism of fish swimming through tail-fin oscillations, we have developed and experimentally studied a high-performance miniature bending vibration linear ultrasonic motor driven by a single-phase standing wave. A symmetrical structural design achieves bidirectional motion with consistent output characteristics. Two lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric patches are symmetrically distributed on a metal elastic body’s upper and lower sides. In the stator, a sinusoidal signal is applied only to the piezoelectric patch on one side, while the patch on the opposite side is either left open or short-circuited to the ground. This results in an asymmetry in the structural damping between the upper and lower sides of the stator. The first-order bending vibration of the stator generates displacement in an inclined direction at the end of the driving foot. The motor achieves forward and backward motion by applying the same voltage to the piezoelectric patches on different sides. The dimensions of the stator have been finalized, and a prototype of the designed motor has been fabricated. Subsequent experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the prototype’s performance, including its mechanical output characteristics. At a frequency of 138.3 kHz, the maximum speed of the motor without load is 134.58 mm s−1. Under a voltage of 200 Vp-p and a preload of 3 N, the motor’s maximum output thrust is approximately 0.3 N. The actual mass of the motor is approximately 1.2 g, resulting in a thrust-to-weight ratio of 25.
Off-equatorial deflections and gravitational lensing in Kerr spacetime and the effect of spin*
Authors: Jiang 姜 Tingyuan 霆远 , Xu 许 Xiaoge 笑歌 , Jia 贾 Junji 俊基 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates off-equatorial plane deflections and gravitational lensing of both null signals and massive particles in Kerr spacetime in the weak deflection limit, considering the finite distance effect of the source and detector. This is the effect caused by both the source and detector being located at finite distances from the lens although many researchers often use the deflection angle for infinite distances from sources and detectors. The deflection in both the

and

directions is computed as a power series of

and

, where

are the spacetime mass and source and detector radii, respectively, and

is the minimal radial coordinate of the trajectory. The coefficients of these series are simple trigonometric functions of

, the extreme value of the

coordinate of the trajectory. A set of exact gravitational lensing equations is used to solve for

and

for given deviation angles

and

of the source, and two lensed images are always obtained. The apparent angles and their magnifications of these images and the time delays between them are solved. Additionally, their dependences on various parameters, particularly spacetime spin

, are analyzed in depth. We find that generally two critical spacetime spin values exist that separate the case of test particles reaching the detector from different sides of the

axis from the cases in which the images appear from the same side in the celestial plane. Three potential applications of these results are discussed.
Holographic Einstein rings of AdS black holes in Horndeski theory*
Authors: Luo 罗 Zhi 智 , He 何 Ke-Jian 柯腱 , Li 李 Jin 瑾 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using the AdS/CFT correspondence and wave optics techniques, we conduct an extensive study of the imaging properties of holographic Einstein rings in the context of anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes (BHs) in Horndeski theory. Our results indicate that the optical characteristics of these holographic Einstein rings are significantly influenced by the observer's position, physical parameters of the BH, nature of the wave source, and configuration of the optical system. Specifically, when the observer is positioned at the north pole of the AdS boundary, the holographic image prominently displays a ring structure aligning with the BH's photon sphere. We thoroughly analyze the effect of various physical parameters — including the observation position, event horizon radius, temperature, and the parameter γ in Horndeski theory — on the holographic Einstein rings. These parameters play a crucial role in determining the rings' radius and brightness, with variations potentially causing the ring structures to deform or even transform into bright spots. Furthermore, our comparative analysis between wave and geometric optics reveals a strong agreement in predicting the positions and brightness of both the photon and Einstein rings. This paper offers new insights into the spacetime geometry of BHs in Horndeski theory and proposes a promising framework for exploring the gravitational duals of strongly coupled systems.