bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Loci and Candidate Genes for Frogeye Leaf Spot (Cercospora Sojina) Resistance in Soybean
Authors: Gu Xin , Huang Shanshan , Ma Yansong , Yang Xiaohe , Yao Liangliang , Gao Xuedong , Zhang Maoming , Liu Wei , Qiu Lei , Zhao Haihong , Wang Qingsheng , Li Zengjie , Li Zhimin , Meng Qingying , Yang Shuai , Wang Chao , Hu Xiping , Ding Junjie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) is a destructive fungal disease in soybean production. The most economical and effective strategy to control FLS is to use resistant cultivars. However, the use of a limited number of resistant loci in FLS management will be countered by the emergence of new, and more virulent, Cercospora sojina races. Thus, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control resistance to FLS and identified novel resistant genes using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 234 Chinese soybean cultivars.Results: A total of 30,890 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to estimate linkage disequilibrium (LD) and population structure. The GWAS results identified six loci (p<0.001) distributed over chromosomes (Chr.) 2, 5, 20 comprising 69 SNPs significantly associated with FLS resistance. No previous studies have reported resistance loci in these regions. Subsequently, 55 genes in three resistance-related haplotype blocks were annotated. Glyma20g31630 encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), Glyma05g28980 encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MPK7), and Glyma20g31510, Glyma20g31520 encoding the calcium-dependent protein kinase 4(CDPK4) in the haplotype blocks were found to be associated with FLS resistance.Conclusions: The proteins encoded by these four genes directly, or indirectly participate in the biological pathway of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). These two plant hormones can induce the expression of disease resistance related genes and are essential for plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Therefore, the novel loci and candidate genes provide genomic location information for further advances in FLS resistance gene cloning and molecular breeding.
The ACE Genes in Aphelenchoides Besseyi Isolates and Their Expression Correlation to the Fenamiphos Treatment
Authors: Hsu Jung-Kai , Weng Chia-Wei , Chen Jeremy J.W. , Chen Peichen J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aphelenchoides besseyi could cause great yield loss on rice and many economically important crops. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were commonly used to mitigate plant parasitic nematodes. However, increasing nematicide-resistance has been reported due to the extensive use of these chemicals. The correlation between the AChE-inhibitor (fenamiphos) sensitivities and acetylcholinesterase (ace) genes in two isolates of A. besseyi (designated Rl and HSF) was established. The LD50 of fenamiphos to Rl and HSF were 572.2 ppm and 129.4 ppm, respectively, indicating that two nematode isolates had different sensitivities to fenamiphos. Three ace genes were cloned and sequenced in A. besseyi, and their homology was supported by phylogenic analysis with AChEs protein sequences from various vertebrate and invertebrate species. Molecular docking showed that the affinities of each AChEs to fenamiphos were higher in HSF isolate, indicating that there should be point mutations in Rl isolate AChEs. Treating the two isolates with 100 ppm fenamiphos for 12 h, three ace genes of HSF isolate were down-regulated but were up-regulated in Rl isolate. The results suggest that fenamiphos can transcriptionally modulate the expression of ace genes, as well as the variants in AChEs and increased expression of ace genes might be associated with fenamiphos-insensitivity in Rl isolate.
Determination of X-ray detection limit and application in perovskite X-ray detectors
Authors: Pan Lei , Shrestha Shreetu , Taylor Neil , Nie Wanyi , Cao Lei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
X-ray detection limit and sensitivity are important figure of merits for perovskite X-ray detectors. The well-known Currie method and the followed definitions in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry deal with the time-accumulated pulse counting of atomic decay for the detection limit determination of mass or concentration. Literatures lack a validated mathematic expression for determining the lowest detectable dose rate of perovskite X-ray detector working in continuous current mode. We propose new methods based on a statistical model with a mathematic expression for detection limit determination of perovskite X-ray detector, where a prior detection limit can be calculated through only dark current measurement, and a posterior check of the detectability can be performed after measurement of the signal current. With X-ray detectors fabricated of methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) single crystals from inverse temperature growth, we validated our methods with the lowest detection limit of ~ 2.4 nGyair/s achieved by disabling charge injection of a device architecture.
In.To. COVID-19 Socio-epidemiological Co-causality
Authors: Galbraith Elroy , Convertino Matteo , Li Jie , Vilas Victor Del-Rio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Social media can forecast disease dynamics, but infoveillance remains focused on infection spread, with little consideration of media content reliability and its relationship to behavior-driven epidemiological outcomes. Sentiment-encoded social media indicators have been poorly developed for expressed text to forecast healthcare pressure and infer population risk perception patterns.

Here we introduce Infodemic Tomography (InTo) as the first web-based interactive infoveillance cybertechnology that forecasts and visualizes spatio-temporal sentiments and healthcare pressure as a function of social media positivity (i.e., Twitter here), considering both epidemic information and potential misinformation. Information spread is measured on volume and retweets and the Value of Misinformation (VoMi) is introduced as the impact on forecast accuracy where misinformation has the highest dissimilarity in information dynamics. We validate InTo for COVID-19 in New Delhi and three other SE Asian cities. We forecast weekly hospitalization and cases using ARIMA models and interpolate spatial hospitalization using geostatistical kriging on inferred risk perception curves between tweet positivity and epidemiological outcomes. Geospatial tweet positivity tracks accurately ~60% of hospitalizations and forecasts hospitalization risk hotspots along risk aversion gradients. VoMi is higher for risk-prone areas and time periods, where misinformation has the highest predictability, with high incidence and positivity manifesting popularity-seeking social dynamics.

Hospitalization gradients, VoMi, effective healthcare pressure and spatial model-data gaps can be used to predict hospitalization fluxes, misinformation, capacity gaps and surveillance uncertainty. Thus, InTo is a participatory instrument to better prepare and respond to public health crises by extracting and combining salient epidemiological and social surveillance at any desired space-time scale.
Convectively-coupled High-frequency waves triggered Kerala floods in 2018 and 2019
Authors: R KIRAN S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Floods have repeatedly battered the South Indian state, Kerala, as a result of extremely anomalous rainfall during Boreal Summers, since 2018. Previous studies have seldom adopted a systematic approach to understand the phenomenon responsible for the extreme events. Hence, this study intends to identify this dynamical phenomenon based on spectral methods, and attempts to render a preliminary solution to the problem. The study exposes the presence of westward-propagating high-frequency tropical atmospheric waves of 5-8 days period, which originated from east Indian Ocean or West Pacific and headed towards the east coast of Africa. The wave troughs ensured sufficient moisture availability along its path, causing extreme precipitation over Kerala on the way.
Design and Optimization of an Electric Car Chassis and Body using Structural Analysis and CFD
Authors: Aiyan Mohammed , Sagar Sumanth , S Sanjay Raghav 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transition from traditional gasoline-powered automobiles to electric vehicles (EVs) has taken time, two major challenges of engine- powered vehicles are greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy. Electric cars require less maintenance. A lot of money can be saved while also helping the environment. In today's world, working with lightweight materials have emerged as a key area for improvement in the automotive industry. The most efficient method for increasing power output is to reduce the weight of vehicle components. Composite materials have benefited greatly from research and development because they are stronger, more recyclable, and easier to integrate into vehicles. The primary goal of this research is to design the body and chassis frame of a two-seater electric car. A CFD analysis was performed to determine the drag coefficient of the body along with structural analysis to obtain the frontal impact and torsional rigidity of the chassis to develop an effective electric car design. The design was carried out with the help of CATIA V5 software, while the analysis was performed using ANSYS 19.2. A comparative analysis of the chassis was undertaken by incorporating three different materials namely, traditional steel i.e., Stainless Steel 304L, Aluminium Alloy 7075-T6, T300 Carbon Fibre composite. The energy efficiency of the car for the three materials are also computed.
Assessing disinformation through the dynamics of supply and demand in the news ecosystem
Authors: Gravino Pietro , Prevedello Giulio , Galletti Martina , Loreto Vittorio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Social dialogue, the foundation of our democracies, is currently threatened by disinformation and partisanship, with their disrupting role on individual and collective awareness and detrimental effects on decision-making processes. Despite a great deal of attention to the news sphere itself, little is known about the subtle interplay between the offer and the demand for information. Still, a broader perspective on the news ecosystem, including both the producers and the consumers of information, is needed to build new tools to assess the health of the infosphere. Here, we combine in the same framework news supply, as mirrored by a fairly complete Italian news database - partially annotated for fake news, and news demand, as captured through the Google Trends data for Italy. Our investigation focuses on the temporal and semantic interplay of news, fake news, and searches in several domains, including the virus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Two main results emerge. First, disinformation is extremely reactive to people’s interests and tends to thrive, especially when there is a mismatch between what people are interested in and what news outlets provide. Second, a suitably defined index can assess the level of disinformation only based on the available volumes of news and searches. Although our results mainly concern the Coronavirus subject, we provide hints that the same findings can have more general applications. We contend these results can be a powerful asset in informing campaigns against disinformation and providing news outlets and institutions with potentially relevant strategies.
Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 infection in Low and Middle-Income Countries and risk classification in the context of rolling out vaccine candidate across these countries : Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ackah Martin , Ameyaw Louise , Akuffo Kwadwo Owusu , Yeboah Cynthia Osei , Wood Nana Esi , Compaore Rachidatou , John Denny , Eusebi Paolo , Tounaikok Narcisse , Salifu Mohammed Gazali , Danso-Appiah Anthony 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Seroprevalence of SARS Cov-2 provides a good indication of the extent of exposure and spread in the population, as well as those likely to benefit from a vaccine candidate. To date, there is no published or ongoing systematic review on the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis will estimate SARS Cov-2 seroprevalence and the risk factors for SARS Cov-2 infection in LMICs.Methods We will search PubMed, EMBASE, WHO COVID-19 Global research database, Google Scholar, the African Journals Online, LILAC, HINARI, medRxiv, bioRxiv and Cochrane Library for potentially useful studies on seroprevalence of COVID-19 in LMICs from December 2019 to December 2020 without language restriction. Two authors will independently screen all the articles, select studies based on pre-specified eligibility criteria and extract data using a pre-tested data extraction form. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion between the authors. The pooled seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 for people from LMICs will be calculated. Random effects model will be used in case of substantial heterogeneity in the included studies, otherwise fixed-effect model will be used. A planned subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses will be performed. For comparative studies, the analyses will be performed using Review Manager v 5.4; otherwise, STATA 16 will be used. All effect estimates will be presented with their confidence intervals.Discussion The study will explore and systematically review empirical evidence on SARS Cov-2 seroprevalence in LMICs, and to assess the risk factors for SARS Cov-2 infection in Low Middle Income Countries in the context of rolling out vaccines in these countries. Finally, explore risk classifications to help with the rolling out of vaccines in LMICs.Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD422020221548).
Spatial Organization of the Micromollusc Community under Recreational Load
Authors: Yorkina Nadiia , Tarusova Natalia , Umerova Ava , Telyuk Polina , Cherniak Yevheniia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The recreational load is an important factor in transforming the living conditions of living organisms in the urban environment. This article examines the role of recreation as a driver of the changing habitat of soil micromolluscs in the park environment in an urban landscape. The hypothesis that recreational exposure changes the hierarchical organization of the spatial distribution of the micromollusc community was tested. An experimental polygon was located in Novooleksandrivskiy Park (Melitopol, Ukraine) and represented 7 transects with 18 test points in each. The set of soil properties explained 24.7% of the variation in the mollusc community. The distance from trees was able to explain 6.8% of mollusc community variation. The distance from recreational pathways was able to explain 12.2% of the variation in the mollusc community. The spatial eigenfunctions were able to explain 54.2% of mollusc community variation. The spatial patterns of variation in the structure of the assemblage of molluscs were found to be due to various causes. Thus, the broad-scale component was due to the distance from trees and the distance fro m the recreational pathways and was associated with the variability of soil penetration resistance, aggregate structure, electrical conductivity, soil moisture and density. The recreational load is the cause of this pattern formation. In turn, the medium-scale component reflected the influence of soil aggregate composition on the mollusс community and components independent of soil properties. The fine-scale component reflected the variability of the mollusc community, which was independent of soil properties.
Diagnostic use of Adenosine for Atrial Flutter with Regular Tachycardia
Authors: Lochan Rajeev , Arora Deepaali , Al Rahma Hussain 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Supraventricular tachycardia is the commonest type of narrow complex regular tachycardia seen in an emergency room, which can easily be
diagnosed by surface ECG and acutely managed by Adenosine injection. A 59 years old male smoker was presented with palpitation with a pulse
rate of 220/min with mild hemodynamic compromise. ECG confirmed narrow complex regular tachycardia, and the initial working diagnosis was
established as Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) in the emergency room.

Case Presentation:
As standard practice, adenosine was given, which failed in terminating the tachycardia but by creating a transient atrioventricular block, slowed
down ventricular rate, and sawtooth-shaped P waves of atrial flutter were exposed. In contrast to the expectations, in this case of narrow complex
regular tachycardia of supraventricular origin, adenosine could not establish the sinus rhythm but confirmed the diagnosis of atrial flutter with the
regular rate with fixed A-V block.

Conclusion:
Instead of therapeutic use, adenosine has been proven to be of diagnostic value, which can be used when the diagnosis of narrow complex
tachycardia is in doubt, however with some cautions.
Exploiting Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) for Accessing Bioactive Scaffolds
Authors: Khanna Ashish , Dubey Prashant , Sagar Ram 
Published: June 2021

:
A microwave-assisted organic synthesis is an alternative approach towards the traditional
way of heating to obtain desired bioactive scaffolds as a product. This method has
transformed the approaches of organic synthesis, due to shorter reaction time with high product
yields, modifications of selectivity, increased product purities, and simplification of workup
procedures. The microwave-assisted reactions can be performed under solvent-free conditions.
Thus, microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has become the first choice for the
medicinal chemist and chemical biologist to use as a tool to perform organic reactions in drug
discovery and medicinal chemistry. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis specifically results
in the desired products with higher selectivity and purity which may have better pharmacological
properties. In this review article, we covered the literature from 2010-till to date, focusing
on the use of microwave irradiation in performing organic reactions to deliver various bioactive scaffolds.
UPLC-MS/MS Assay for Quantification of Wedelolactone and
Demethylwedelolactone in Rat Plasma and the Application to a Preclinical
Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Xu Zeng-liang , Wang Bao-e , Zhang Lin-tao , Yang Sheng-bao 
Published: June 2021

Aim and Objective:
Wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone are the two major
coumarin constituents of Herba Ecliptae. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a
sensitive, rapid, and robust UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of
wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone in rat plasma.

Materials and Methods:
Wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone were extracted from rat
plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Electrospray ionization in negative mode and
selected reaction monitoring (SRM) were used for wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone at
the transitions m/z 312.8→298.0 and m/z 299.1→270.6, respectively. Chromatographic separation
was conducted on a Venusil C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic elution of
acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water (55:45, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A linear range was
observed over the concentration range of 0.25–100 ng/mL for wedelolactone and
demethylwedelolactone.

Results:
They reached their maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax, 74.9±13.4 ng/mL for
wedelolactone and 41.3±9.57 ng/mL for demethylwedelolactone) at the peak time (Tmax) of 0.633 h
and 0.800 h, respectively. The AUC0-t value of wedelolactone (260.8±141.8 ng h/mL) was higher
than that of demethylwedelolactone (127.4±52.7 ng h/mL) by approximately 2-fold, whereas the
terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of wedelolactone (2.20±0.59 h) showed the approximately same
as that of demethylwedelolactone (2.08±0.69 h).

Conclusion :
Based on full validation according to US FDA guidelines, this UPLC-MS/MS method
was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Canopy Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulator 2 (CNPY2) Inhibits Neuron Apoptosis in Parkinson’s Disease via the AKT/GSK3β Pathway
Authors: Chu Miao , Liu Huimiao , Xiong Zhaohui , Ju Chaojuan , Zhao Lina , Li Kangning , Tian Shiqi , Gu Ping 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the
progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Canopy fibroblast growth factor signaling regulator 2 (CNPY2)
is down-regulated in this disease, but its functions are unknown.

Objective:
This study investigates the effects and regulation of CNPY2 in the apoptosis of neurons
in PD.

Methods:
We established a PD model in vivo by a five consecutive days-injection of 1-methyl-4-
phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to mice. In vitro, the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma
cells, after differentiation, were treated with 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+) for modeling.
The cells were transfected with a recombinant vector overexpressing CNPY2 followed by
MPP+ treatment. Expression of CNPY2 and proteins related to apoptosis was detected by real-time
PCR, western blot, or immunofluorescence staining. The ROS level and mitochondrial membrane
potential were determined by flow cytometry. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT
assay and TUNEL staining.

Results:
CNPY2 level was down-regulated both in the brain and retina of PD mice and also inhibited
in neurons by MPP+ in vitro. Overexpression of CNPY2 repressed the level of Bax and cleaved
caspase-3, enhanced Bcl-2 level, and promoted neurite length under MPP+ treatment. CNPY2 overexpression
reduced the accumulation of ROS and mitochondria dysfunction in neurons. The AKT/
GSK3β signaling pathway was activated by overexpressed CNPY2 to inhibit MPP+-induced neuronal
apoptosis, which was confirmed using an AKT inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl.

Conclusion:
CNPY2 alleviates oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, and apoptosis of neurons
induced by MPP+ by activating the AKT/ GSK3β signaling pathway.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of
1,2,4-triazolyl-isoxazole Moieties via Dehydration Reactions of Carbohydrazides
Authors: Alshamari Asma K. , Al-Qudah Mahmoud A. , Hamadeh Fedaa , Al-Momani Lo’ay A. , Abu-Orabi Sultan T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
For the reason of distinct place in the field of medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry of
1,2,4-triazole derivatives, a new class of fused 1,2,4-triazolyl-isoxazole moieties was prepared from 3-
(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazolo-4,5-bis[carbonyl-(4̍-phenyl) thiosemicarbazide via dehydration reactions
of carbohydrazides by using the appropriate chemical reagents. The structures of the compounds
were elucidated by both elemental and spectral (IR, NMR and MS) analyses. The in vitro antioxidant
activity of the new compounds was determined by free radical scavenging and metal chelating
activity. All the synthesized compounds showed good activity according to free radical scavenging and
metal chelating activity compared with standards. The new compounds were screened in vitro antibacterial
activity against three gram-positive bacteria and three gram-negative bacteria.