bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analyses across Viridiplantae reveal the origin and diversification of small RNA pathway-related genes
Authors: Wang Sibo , Liang Hongping , Xu Yan , Li Linzhou , Wang Hongli , Sahu Durgesh Nandini , Petersen Morten , Melkonian Michael , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Liu Huan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSmall RNAs play a major role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Despite the evolutionary importance of streptophyte algae, knowledge on small RNAs in this group of green algae is almost non-existent. We used genome and transcriptome data of 34 algal and plant species, and performed genome-wide analyses of small RNA (miRNA & siRNA) biosynthetic and degradation pathways. The results suggest that Viridiplantae started to evolve plant-like miRNA biogenesis and degradation after the divergence of the Mesostigmatophyceae in the streptophyte algae. We identified two major evolutionary transitions in small RNA metabolism in streptophyte algae; during the first transition, the origin of DCL-New, DCL1, AGO1/5/10 and AGO4/6/9 in the last common ancestor of Klebsormidiophyceae and all other streptophytes could be linked to abiotic stress responses and evolution of multicellularity in streptophytes. During the second transition, the evolution of DCL 2,3,4, and AGO 2,3,7 as well as DRB1 in the last common ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and embryophytes, suggests their possible contribution to pathogen defense and antibacterial immunity. Overall, the origin and diversification of DICER and AGO along with several other small RNA pathway-related genes among streptophyte algae suggested progressive adaptations of streptophyte algae during evolution to a subaerial environment.
Fish-inspired flexible protective material systems with anisotropic bending stiffness
Authors: Zolotovsky Katia , Varshney Swati , Reichert Steffen , Arndt Eric M. , Dao Ming , Boyce Mary C. , Ortiz Christine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiological structures integrate morphometry (shape-based rules) with materials design to maximize organism survival. The exoskeleton of the armored fish, Polypterus senegalus, balances flexibility with protection from predatory and territorial threats. Material properties of the exoskeleton are known; however, the geometric design rules underlying its anisotropic flexibility are uncharacterized. Here, we show how scale shape, articulation, and composite architecture produce anisotropic mechanics using bio-inspired, multi-material 3D-printed prototypes. Passive loading (draping) shows that compliant connections between the scales contribute to mechanical anisotropy. Simulated and experimental active loading (bending) show orientation-dependent stiffness ranging over orders of magnitude, including ‘mechanical invisibility’ of the scales where they do not add stiffness to the exoskeleton. The results illustrate how morphometry provides a powerful tool to tune flexibility in composite architectures independent of varying constituent materials composition. We anticipate that introducing morphometric design strategies will enable flexible, protective systems tuned to complex shapes and functions.
An angiogenesis-related long noncoding RNA signature correlates with prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lei Dengliang , Chen Yue , Zhou Yang , Hu Gangli , Luo Fang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide. Neovascularization is closely related to the malignancy of tumors. We constructed a signature of angiogenesis-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC. The lncRNA expression matrix of 424 HCC patients was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). First, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to distinguish the differentially expressed genes of the angiogenesis genes in liver cancer and adjacent tissues. Next, a signature of angiogenesis-related lncRNAs was constructed using univariate and multivariate analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the accuracy. The signature and relevant clinical information were used to construct the nomogram. A 5-lncRNA signature was highly correlated with overall survival (OS) in HCC patients and performed well in evaluations using the C-index, areas under the curve, and calibration curves. In summary, the 5-lncRNA model can serve as an accurate signature to predict the prognosis of patients with liver cancer, but its mechanism of action must be further elucidated by experiments.
Promyelocytic leukemia protein promotes the phenotypic switch of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques of human coronary arteries
Authors: Karle Weronika , Becker Samuel , Stenzel Philipp , Knosalla Christoph , Siegel Günter , Baum Oliver , Zakrzewicz Andreas , Berkholz Janine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a constitutive component of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which function as stress-regulated SUMOylation factories. Since PML can also act as a regulator of the inflammatory and fibroproliferative responses characteristic of atherosclerosis, we investigated whether PML is implicated in this disease. Immunoblotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry showed a stronger expression of PML in segments of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and sections compared with non-atherosclerotic ones. In particular, PML was concentrated in PML-NBs from α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-immunoreactive cells in plaque areas. To identify possible functional consequences of PML-accumulation in this cell type, differentiated human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (dHCASMCs) were transfected with a vector containing the intact PML-gene. These PML-transfected dHCASMCs showed higher levels of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1-dependent SUMOylated proteins, but lower levels of markers for smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and revealed more proliferation and migration activities than dHCASMCs transfected with the vector lacking a specific gene insert or with the vector containing a mutated PML-gene coding for a PML-form without SUMOylation activity. When dHCASMCs were incubated with different cytokines, higher PML-levels were observed only after interferon γ (IFN-γ) stimulation, while the expression of differentiation markers was lower. However, these phenotypic changes were not observed in dHCASMCs treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressing PML-expression prior to IFN-γ stimulation. Taken together, our results imply that PML is a previously unknown functional factor in the molecular cascades associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is positioned in vascular SMCs (VSMCs) between upstream IFN-γ activation and downstream SUMOylation.
Water exchange-assisted versus carbon dioxide-insufflated single-balloon enteroscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Shaopeng , Dong Tao , Shi Yupeng , Luo Hui , Xue Xianmin , Zhu Yijin , Wang Xiangping , Wang Biaoluo , Liang Shuhui , Pan Yanglin , Guo Xuegang , Wu Kaichun 
Published: March 2021

Background Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is a valuable but difficult modality for the diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disease. The water exchange method has the advantage of facilitating intubation during colonoscopy. Here, we evaluated the effects of water exchange on procedure-related variables related to SBE.
Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary-care referral center in China. Patients due for attempted total enteroscopy were randomly allocated to undergo water exchange-assisted (water exchange group) or carbon dioxide-insufflated enteroscopy (CO2 group). All patients were planned to undergo both anterograde and retrograde procedures. The primary outcome was the total enteroscopy rate. Secondary outcomes included the maximal insertion depth, positive findings, procedural time, and adverse events.
Results: In total, 110 patients were enrolled, with 55 in each group. Baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable. Total enteroscopy was achieved in 58.2 % (32/55) of the water exchange group and 36.4 % (20/55) of the control group (P = 0.02). The mean (standard deviation) estimated intubation depth was 521.2 (101.4) cm in the water exchange group and 481.6 (95.2) cm in the CO2 group (P = 0.04). The insertion time was prolonged in the water exchange group compared with the CO2 group (178.9 [45.1] minutes vs. 154.2 [27.6] minutes; P < 0.001). Endoscopic findings and adverse events were comparable between the two groups.
Conclusions: The water exchange method improved the total enteroscopy rate and increased the intubation depth during SBE. The use of water exchange did not increase the complications of enteroscopy.
Tetrabutylammonium Iodide (TBAI) Catalyzed Electrochemical C–H Bond Activation of 2-Arylated N-Methoxyamides for the Synthesis of Phenanthridinones
Authors: Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Subramanian Kripa , Yedage Subhash L. , Sethi Kashish 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn electrochemical method for the synthesis of phenanthridinones through constant-potential electrolysis (CPE) mediated by Bu4NI (TBAI) is reported. The protocol is metal and oxidant free, and proceeds with 100% current efficiency. TBAI plays a dual role as both a redox catalyst and a supporting electrolyte. The intramolecular C–H activation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and with a short reaction time through electrochemically generated amidyl radicals. The reaction has been scaled up to a gram level, showing its practicability, and the synthetic utility and applicability of the protocol have been demonstrated by a direct one-step synthesis of the bioactive compound phenaglaydon.
Personalized Massive Open Online Course for Childhood Cancer Survivors: Behind the Scenes
Authors: Berger Claire , Casagranda Léonie , Sudour-Bonnange Hélène , Massoubre Catherine , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Teinturier Cecile , Martin-Beuzart Sylvie , Guillot Pascale , Lanlo Virginie , Schneider Muriele , Dal Molin Bernard , Dal Molin Michèle , Mounier Olivier , Garcin Arnauld , Fresneau Brice , Clavel Jacqueline , Demoor-Goldschmidt Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Today, in France, it is estimated that 1 in 850 people aged between 20 and 45 years has been treated for childhood cancer, which equals 40,000 to 50,000 people. As late effects of the cancer and its treatment affect a large number of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and only 30% of them benefit from an efficient long-term follow-up care for prevention, early detection, and treatment of late effects, health education of CCS represents a challenge of public health.
Objectives Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are a recent innovative addition to the online learning landscape. This entertaining and practical tool could easily allow a deployment at a national level and make reliable information available for all the CCS in the country, wherever they live.
Methods The MOOC team brings together a large range of specialists involved in the long-term follow-up care, but also associations of CCS, video producers, a communication consultant, a pedagogical designer, a cartoonist and a musician. We have designed three modules addressing transversal issues (lifestyle, importance of psychological support, risks of fertility problems) and eight modules covering organ-specific problems. Detailed data on childhood cancer treatments received were used to allocate the specific modules to each participant.
Results This paper presents the design of the MOOC entitled “Childhood Cancer, Living Well, After,” and how its feasibility and its impact on CCS knowledge will be measured. The MOOC about long-term follow-up after childhood cancer, divided into 11 modules, involved 130 participants in its process, and resulted in a 170-minute film. The feasibility study included 98 CCS (31 males vs. 67 females; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Such personalized, free, and online courses with an online forum and a possible psychologist consultation based on unique characteristics and needs of each survivor population could improve adherence to long-term follow-up without alarming them unnecessarily.
Moving Faster than the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Rapid, Digital Transformation of a Public Health System
Authors: Sullivan Clair , Wong Ides , Adams Emily , Fahim Magid , Fraser Jon , Ranatunga Gihan , Busato Matthew , McNeil Keith 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Queensland, Australia has been successful in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Underpinning that response has been a highly effective virus containment strategy which relies on identification, isolation, and contact tracing of cases. The dramatic emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic rendered traditional paper-based systems for managing contact tracing no longer fit for purpose. A rapid digital transformation of the public health contact tracing system occurred to support this effort.
Objectives The objectives of the digital transformation were to shift legacy systems (paper or standalone electronic systems) to a digitally enabled public health system, where data are centered around the consumer rather than isolated databases. The objective of this paper is to outline this case study and detail the lessons learnt to inform and give confidence to others contemplating digitization of public health systems in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods This case study is set in Queensland, Australia. Universal health care is available. A multidisciplinary team was established consisting of clinical informaticians, developers, data strategists, and health information managers. An agile “pair-programming” approach was undertaken to application development and extensive change efforts were made to maximize adoption of the new digital workflows. Data governance and flows were changed to support rapid management of the pandemic.
Results The digital coronavirus application (DCOVA) is a web-based application that securely captures information about people required to quarantine and creates a multiagency secure database to support a successful containment strategy.
Conclusion Most of the literature surrounding digital transformation allows time for significant consultation, which was simply not possible under crisis conditions. Our observation is that staff was willing to adopt new digital systems because the reason for change (the COVID-19 pandemic) was clearly pressing. This case study highlights just how critical a unified purpose, is to successful, rapid digital transformation.
Serum Progesterone Levels as Predictor of Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of Cohort of 100 Patients
Authors: Chhiber Sarbjit Singh , Gul Adfer , Arif Sajad , Wani Abrar Ahad , Ramzan Altaf Umar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite advances in research and improved neurological intensive care in recent years, the clinical outcome of severely head injured patients is still poor. Primary insult is followed by a complex cascade of molecular and biochemical events that lead to neuroinflammation, brain edema, and delayed neuronal death. No specific pharmacological therapy is currently available which prevents the development of secondary brain injuries, and most therapeutic strategies have failed in translation from bench to bedside. There are limitations of clinical and radiological methods in delineating the exact severity and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). A myriad complex biochemical markers are under investigation to delineate the extent of brain tissue damage and to independently predict the outcome, but a search for simple biomarker still eludes the research. Progesterone, a gonadal hormone and a neurosteroid, although controversial as a neuroprotective agent, may hold promise as a simple biochemical marker of the outcome in severe TBI.
Comparative Study for Microleakage in Three Retrograde Materials for Filling Root End—Biodentine, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Portland Cement: An In Vitro Preliminary Study
Authors: Bhatia Shagun , Jain Ankush , Jain Kanu , Bishnoi Atul Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Insufficient seal of apex is a significant reason for an endodontist’s disappointment. The materials for root-end filling utilized ought to forestall departure of possible pollutants into periapical areas. The objective of this analysis was to compare the fixing capacity of three materials: white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), white Portland cement (PC), and Biodentine. This was analyzed through a test checking for dye leakage.
Materials and Methods Thirty human teeth having one root were subjected to instrumentation followed by gutta-percha obturation. An apical pit was readied for the material. The tooth samples were then grouped into three trial bunches: Group I, Biodentine; Group II, white MTA; and Group III, white PC. Root-end pits in the test bunches were loaded-up with the exploratory materials. The tooth samples were kept in India ink for a duration of 72 hours. The degree of color infiltration was estimated with the help of a stereomicroscope at 16× amplification. Color entrance was observed in the whole root in vitro.
Results The sequelae of this inspection found that Biodentine shows least leakage compared to MTA and PC.
Conclusion Biodentine shows less microleakage compared to MTA and PC.
Eating we live by
Authors: Yang Kun , Guo Jinqiu , Wen Xu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

eating plays a pivotal role in Chinese culture as echoed in the saying mín yǐ shí wéi tiān
“Eating is everything for people”. In Chinese, a multitude of expressions related to eating are metaphorically used to talk about aspects of
living and we call them “eating metaphors”. eating metaphors are largely motivated by the primary metaphor
living is eating. This paper focuses on three prominent elements of the eating activity (i.e., living as “a process of
eating”, living as “a kind of food” and living as “a tool for eating or cooking”) which give rise to the following metaphors: social
activity is a process of eating, mental activity is a process of eating, social activity is food, mental activity is taste of food, humans
are food, social activity is a tool for eating/cooking, and mental activity is attribute of tools for eating/cooking. The mappings
from the domain of eating to the domain of living are largely based on their similarities on the generic level. Using the
apparatus of clics
3, we find that the concept of eat in Chinese can colexify drink, intake, chew, learn,
consider, understand, invade, possess, deprive, absorb, coitus, depend, and consume, and all cases of colexification can be
accounted for by the living is eating metaphor. It is the experiential similarities between the living activity and the
eating activity that make the structural mappings between two domains possible and that people can use one domain of experience to
talk about another.
Visible emission spectra of thermographic phosphors under x-ray excitation
Authors: Westphal Eric R , Brown Alex D , Quintana Enrico C , Kastengren Alan L , Son Steven F , Meyer Terrence R , Hoffmeister Kathryn N G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThermographic phosphors have been employed for temperature sensing in challenging environments, such as on surfaces or within solid samples exposed to dynamic heating, because of the high temporal and spatial resolution that can be achieved using this approach. Typically, UV light sources are employed to induce temperature-sensitive spectral responses from the phosphors. However, it would be beneficial to explore x-rays as an alternate excitation source to facilitate simultaneous x-ray imaging of material deformation and temperature of heated samples and to reduce UV absorption within solid samples being investigated. The phosphors BaMgAl10O17:Eu (BAM), Y2SiO5:Ce, YAG:Dy, La2O2S:Eu, ZnGa2O4:Mn, Mg3F2GeO4:Mn, Gd2O2S:Tb, and ZnO were excited in this study using incident synchrotron x-ray radiation. These materials were chosen to include conventional thermographic phosphors as well as x-ray scintillators (with crossover between these two categories). X-ray-induced thermographic behavior was explored through the measurement of visible spectral response with varying temperature. The incident x-rays were observed to excite the same electronic energy level transitions in these phosphors as UV excitation. Similar shifts in the spectral response of BAM, Y2SiO5:Ce, YAG:Dy, La2O2S:Eu, ZnGa2O4:Mn, Mg3F2GeO4:Mn, and Gd2O2S:Tb were observed when compared to their response to UV excitation found in literature. Some phosphors were observed to thermally quench in the temperature ranges tested here, while the response from others did not rise above background noise levels. This may be attributed to the increased probability of non-radiative energy release from these phosphors due to the high energy of the incident x-rays. These results indicate that x-rays can serve as a viable excitation source for phosphor thermometry.
Characterization of a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier with near quantum-limited added noise for axion search experiments
Authors: Kutlu Çağlar , van Loo Arjan F , Uchaikin Sergey V , Matlashov Andrei N , Lee Doyu , Oh Seonjeong , Kim Jinsu , Chung Woohyun , Nakamura Yasunobu , Semertzidis Yannis K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The experimental non-observation of charge-parity (CP) symmetry violation in quantum chromodynamics is commonly referred to as the strong CP problem. The axion, a hypothetical elementary pseudoscalar, is expected to solve the strong CP problem and is also a promising candidate for dark matter. The most sensitive axion search experiments operate at millikelvin temperatures and hence rely on instrumentation that carries signals from a system at cryogenic temperatures to room temperature instrumentation. One of the biggest limiting factors affecting the parameter scanning speed of these detectors is the noise added by the components in the signal detection chain. Since the first amplifier in the chain limits the minimum noise, low-noise amplification is of paramount importance. This paper reports on the operation of a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) operating at around 2.3 GHz with added noise approaching the quantum limit. The JPA was employed as a first stage amplifier in an experimental setting similar to the ones used in haloscope axion detectors. By operating the JPA at a gain of 19 dB and cascading it with two cryogenic amplifiers operating at 4 K, noise temperatures as low as 120 mK were achieved for the whole signal detection chain.