bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic linkage of systemic lupus erythematosus and nutrition
Authors: Montoya Tatiana , Castejón María Luisa , Muñoz-García Rocío , Alarcón-de-la-Lastra Catalina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe term ‘epigenetics’ refers to a series of meiotically/mitotically inheritable alterations in gene expression, related to environmental factors, without disruption on DNA sequences of bases. Recently, the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases (ADs) has been closely linked to epigenetic modifications. In fact, epigenetic mechanisms can modulate gene expression or repression of targeted cells and tissues involved in autoimmune/inflammatory conditions acting as keys effectors in regulation of adaptive and innate responses. ADs, as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a rare disease that still lacks effective treatment, is characterised by epigenetic marks in affected cells. Taking into account that epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed as a winning strategy in the search of new, more specific and personalised therapeutics agents, pharmacology and pharmaco-epigenetic studies about epigenetic regulations of ADs may provide novel individualised therapies. Focusing on possible implicated factors on development and predisposition of SLE, diet is feasibly one of the most important factors since it is linked directly to epigenetic alterations and these epigenetic changes may augment or diminish the risk of SLE. Nevertheless, several studies have suggested that dietary therapy could be promising to SLE patients via prophylactic actions deprived of side effects of pharmacology, decreasing co-morbidities and improving lifestyle of SLE sufferers. Herein, we review and discuss the cross-link between epigenetic mechanisms on SLE predisposition and development, as well as the influence of dietary factors on regulation of epigenetic modifications that may eventually make a positive impact on SLE patients.
Conscription, rural populations and the dynamics of war and revolution in Ireland (1914–18)
Authors: Destenay Emmanuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDrawing on secret witness reports from Intelligence Officers of the Royal Irish Constabulary, and diplomatic correspondence from France’s representatives to Dublin and London, this article seeks to complement recent historiography and qualify our understanding of the period 1914–18 by engaging fully with the issue of compulsory military service from the outbreak of the conflict. It contemplates how fears of conscription contributed to the radicalisation of rural communities and demonstrates that opposition to conscription formed a solid political foundation for Sinn Féin. Britain’s determination to implement conscription to Ireland frightened civilian populations, gave rise to nationwide discontent, and attracted towards Sinn Féin populations likely to be drafted into the British Army. That study seeks to be a re-examination of the dynamics between the Irish revolution and the conscription scares and maintains that fears of compulsory service in Ireland significantly contributed to the victory of Sinn Féin candidates during the four electoral contests in 1917.
Last suppers at Sardis
Authors: Rautman Marcus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe realia of shared meals provide a key index for social behavior in Late Antiquity. Much attention has been paid to the architecture and ceramics of dining, but usually separately and from unrelated contexts. Three excavated rooms at Sardis present an opportunity to extend this discussion to the furnishings that once stood at the center of domestic hospitality. Nearly complete marble tabletops recovered from their places of intended use show differing approaches to the physical and social arrangements of convivial dining, with implications for interpreting reception areas in Late Roman houses. Circumstances of preservation indicate that all three rooms were leveled, probably by earthquakes, in the early 7th c. CE.
Reanalysis Surface Mass Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet Along K‐Transect (2000–2014)
Authors: Navari Mahdi , Margulis Steven A. , Tedesco Marco , Fettweis Xavier , van de Wal Roderik S. W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccurate estimates of surface mass balance over the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) would contribute to understanding the cause of recent changes and would help to better estimate the future contribution of the GrIS to sea‐level rise. Given the limitations of in‐situ measurements, modeling, and remote sensing, it is critical to explore the opportunity to merge the available data to better characterize the spatial and temporal variation of the GrIS surface mass balance (SMB). This work utilizes a particle batch smoother data assimilation technique that yields SMB estimates that benefit from the snow model Crocus and a 16‐day albedo product derived from satellite remote sensing data. Comparison of the results against in‐situ SMB measurements shows that the assimilation of the albedo product reduces the root mean square error of the posterior estimates of SMB by 51% and reduces bias by 95%.
A Framework for Assessing Concentration‐Discharge Catchment Behavior From Low‐Frequency Water Quality Data
Authors: Pohle Ina , Baggaley Nikki , Palarea‐Albaladejo Javier , Stutter Marc , Glendell Miriam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEffective nutrient pollution mitigation measures require in‐depth understanding of spatio‐temporal controls on water quality which can be obtained by analyzing export regime and hysteresis patterns in concentration‐discharge () relationships. Such analyses require high‐frequency data (hourly or higher resolution), hampering the assessment of hysteresis patterns in widely available low‐frequency (monthly, biweekly) regulatory water quality data. We propose a reproducible classification of relationships considering export regime (dilution, constancy, enrichment) and long‐term average hysteresis pattern (clockwise, no hysteresis, anticlockwise) applicable to low‐frequency water quality data. The classification is based on power‐law models with separate parametrization for low and high discharge and rising and falling hydrograph limb, enabling a better representation of dynamics. The classification has been applied to a 30‐years record of daily streamflow and monthly spot samples of solute concentrations in 45 Scottish catchments with contrasting characteristics in terms of topography, climate, soil and land cover. We found that classification is solute‐ and catchment‐specific and linked to upland versus lowland catchments and streamflow variability. However as the relationship between solute behavior and catchment characteristics is variable, we propose that future typologies should integrate both water quality response, that is, classification, and catchment characteristics. The data‐driven classification allows us to increase the information content of low‐frequency water quality data and thus inform mitigation measures, monitoring strategies, and modeling approaches. Such approaches open up an ability to characterize processes and best management for a wider number of catchments, subject to regulatory surveillance and outside of research catchments.
Bayesian Inversion of Multi‐Gaussian Log‐Conductivity Fields With Uncertain Hyperparameters: An Extension of Preconditioned Crank‐Nicolson Markov Chain Monte Carlo With Parallel Tempering
Authors: Xiao Sinan , Xu Teng , Reuschen Sebastian , Nowak Wolfgang , Hendricks Franssen Harrie‐Jan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn conventional Bayesian geostatistical inversion, specific values of hyperparameters characterizing the prior distribution of random fields are required. However, these hyperparameters are typically very uncertain in practice. Thus, it is more appropriate to consider the uncertainty of hyperparameters as well. The preconditioned Crank‐Nicolson Markov chain Monte Carlo with parallel tempering (pCN‐PT) has been used to efficiently solve the conventional Bayesian inversion of high‐dimensional multi‐Gaussian random fields. In this study, we extend pCN‐PT to Bayesian inversion with uncertain hyperparameters of multi‐Gaussian fields. To utilize the dimension robustness of the preconditioned Crank‐Nicolson algorithm, we reconstruct the problem by decomposing the random field into hyperparameters and white noise. Then, we apply pCN‐PT with a Gibbs split to this “new” problem to obtain the posterior samples of hyperparameters and white noise, and further recover the posterior samples of spatially distributed model parameters. Finally, we apply the extended pCN‐PT method for estimating a finely resolved multi‐Gaussian log‐hydraulic conductivity field from direct data and from head data to show its effectiveness. Results indicate that the estimation of hyperparameters with hydraulic head data is very challenging and the posterior distributions of hyperparameters are only slightly narrower than the prior distributions. Direct measurements of hydraulic conductivity are needed to narrow more the posterior distribution of hyperparameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first accurate and fully linearization free solution to Bayesian multi‐Gaussian geostatistical inversion with uncertain hyperparameters.
Development of a Telepsychology Program for Parents of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Goertz Mackenzie T. , Brosig Cheryl , Bice-Urbach Brittany , Malkoff Anne , Kroll Kristin 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Telepsychology represents a promising approach to treatment for individuals and families encountering barriers to traditional face-to-face health care, especially in the challenging context of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Implementing the necessary infrastructure to sustain telepsychology programs within health care institutions requires detailed attention to a variety of domains. Despite the growing use of telepsychology, logistical considerations for the development of such programs are often unclear. Method: In order to clarify considerations regarding the use of telepsychology within partnering health care institutions, we describe the process of developing a telepsychology group intervention with parents of pediatric patients. Results: The development of a telepsychology program for parents at a large children’s health care institution is discussed across four developmental phases: (a) curriculum development, (b) clinical framework, (c) program logistics, and (d) protocol and training infrastructure. Conclusion: Due to the growing need for telepsychological interventions for parents, both practitioners and health care institutions are tasked with collaborating to develop well-designed programs that are aligned with clinical best practices. Implications for Impact Statement This article provides a reference guide for the development of a telepsychology group intervention with parents of pediatric patients. Increasing telepsychology interventions is one avenue to promote health equity by increasing greater access to care.
Road-to-Recovery-TBI: Pilot Trial of an eHealth Intervention for Caregivers After Pediatric Brain Injury
Authors: Raj Stacey P. , Schmidt Matthew M. , Moscato Emily L. , Guzman-Gomez Amalia , Rodriguez Beatriz , Seid Claire S. , Wade Shari L. 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of acquired disability in childhood, impacting long-term health and functioning. Caregivers of children with TBI report worsening psychological health—and caregiver functioning and behaviors directly impact child recovery and outcomes. We developed and pilot tested road-to-recovery-TBI (R2R-TBI), a self-guided, eHealth intervention to support caregivers during the acute phase following pediatric TBI and equip families with skills to promote a positive path to recovery. Method: Caregivers of children hospitalized for moderate-to-severe TBI were recruited within 3 months postinjury. Twenty primary caregivers completed measures assessing caregiver psychological functioning, family functioning, and child behavior prior to accessing the intervention and at follow-up 1 month later. Caregivers also completed postintervention satisfaction and usability surveys. Results: Thirty of 42 eligible caregivers consented to participate. Caregivers were diverse with regard to race/ethnicity (45% non-White), income (65% receiving public assistance), and child age (1 month to 15 years). All caregivers rated the intervention as helpful and 90% reported making positive changes. While average scores were in the nonclinical range at baseline and follow-up, percentages of caregivers reporting clinically elevated challenges across all measures (15% to 50%) were higher than instrument norms. There were no significant changes in caregiver, family, or child outcomes from baseline to follow-up. Conclusions: Given challenges that caregivers experience accessing in-office interventions that target their well-being and/or parenting, the R2R-TBI program may be a cost-effective and accessible approach to supporting families during a challenging phase of recovery. Further research is needed to examine the efficacy of the intervention. Implications for Impact Statement We developed and pilot tested road-to-recovery-traumatic brain injury (R2R-TBI), a self-guided, eHealh intervention to support caregivers during the stressful and challenging acute phase following pediatric TBI and equip families with skills to promote a positive path to recovery. Caregivers in this pilot trial reported good satisfaction with intervention, though no overall changes in caregiver, family, or child functioning were noted between baseline and 1-month follow-up. With further efficacy trials, the R2R-TBI intervention may have promise as a form of preventative behavioral health care for children and families in the acute phase of pediatric TBI.
The acute phase protein lactoferrin is a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease and predictor of Aβ burden through induction of APP amyloidogenic processing
Authors: Tsatsanis Andrew , McCorkindale Andrew N. , Wong Bruce X. , Patrick Ellis , Ryan Tim M. , Evans Robert W. , Bush Ashley I. , Sutherland Greg T. , Sivaprasadarao Asipu , Guennewig Boris , Duce James A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) forms the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) component of pathognomonic extracellular plaques of AD. Additional early cortical changes in AD include neuroinflammation and elevated iron levels. Activation of the innate immune system in the brain is a neuroprotective response to infection; however, persistent neuroinflammation is linked to AD neuropathology by uncertain mechanisms. Non-parametric machine learning analysis on transcriptomic data from a large neuropathologically characterised patient cohort revealed the acute phase protein lactoferrin (Lf) as the key predictor of amyloid pathology. In vitro studies showed that an interaction between APP and the iron-bound form of Lf secreted from activated microglia diverted neuronal APP endocytosis from the canonical clathrin-dependent pathway to one requiring ADP ribosylation factor 6 trafficking. By rerouting APP recycling to the Rab11-positive compartment for amyloidogenic processing, Lf dramatically increased neuronal Aβ production. Lf emerges as a novel pharmacological target for AD that not only modulates APP processing but provides a link between Aβ production, neuroinflammation and iron dysregulation.
Radiation therapy dose and androgen deprivation therapy in localized prostate cancer: a meta-regression of 5-year outcomes in phase III randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jiang Tommy , Markovic Daniela , Patel Jay , Juarez Jesus E. , Ma Ting Martin , Shabsovich David , Nickols Nicholas G. , Reiter Robert E. , Elashoff David , Rettig Matthew B. , Zaorsky Nicholas G. , Spratt Daniel E. , Kishan Amar U. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
While multiple randomized trials have evaluated the benefit of radiation therapy (RT) dose escalation and the use and prolongation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the treatment of prostate cancer, few studies have evaluated the relative benefit of either form of treatment intensification with each other. Many trials have included treatment strategies that incorporate either high or low dose RT, or short-term or long-term ADT (STADT or LTADT), in one or more trial arms. We sought to compare different forms of treatment intensification of RT in the context of localized prostate cancer.

Methods
Using preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we collected over 40 phases III clinical trials comparing different forms of RT for localized prostate cancer. We performed a meta-regression of 40 individual trials with 21,429 total patients to allow a comparison of the rates and cumulative proportions of 5-year overall survival (OS), prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM), and distant metastasis (DM) for each treatment arm of every trial.

Results
Dose-escalation either in the absence or presence of STADT failed to significantly improve any 5-year outcome. In contrast, adding LTADT to low dose RT significantly improved 5-year PCSM (Odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.54, p < 0.001) and DM (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20–0.63. p < 0.001) over low dose RT alone. Adding STADT also significantly improved 5-year PCSM over low dose RT alone (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41–0.75, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
While limited by between-study heterogeneity and a lack of individual patient data, this meta-analysis suggests that adding ADT, versus increasing RT dose alone, offers a more consistent improvement in clinical endpoints.
Spatially defined single-cell transcriptional profiling characterizes diverse chondrocyte subtypes and nucleus pulposus progenitors in human intervertebral discs
Authors: Gan Yibo , He Jian , Zhu Jun , Xu Zhengyang , Wang Zhong , Yan Jing , Hu Ou , Bai Zhijie , Chen Lin , Xie Yangli , Jin Min , Huang Shuo , Liu Bing , Liu Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms underlying the development, homeostasis, and disease of human intervertebral disks (IVDs) remains challenging. Here, the transcriptomic landscape of 108 108 IVD cells was mapped using single-cell RNA sequencing of three main compartments from young and adult healthy IVDs, including the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate (CEP). The chondrocyte subclusters were classified based on their potential regulatory, homeostatic, and effector functions in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Notably, in the NP, a PROCR+ resident progenitor population showed enriched colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) activity and trilineage differentiation capacity. Finally, intercellular crosstalk based on signaling network analysis uncovered that the PDGF and TGF-β cascades are important cues in the NP microenvironment. In conclusion, a single-cell transcriptomic atlas that resolves spatially regulated cellular heterogeneity together with the critical signaling that underlies homeostasis will help to establish new therapeutic strategies for IVD degeneration in the clinic.
Long-term exhaustion of the inbreeding load in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pérez-Pereira Noelia , Pouso Ramón , Rus Ana , Vilas Ana , López-Cortegano Eugenio , García-Dorado Aurora , Quesada Humberto , Caballero Armando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInbreeding depression, the decline in fitness of inbred individuals, is a ubiquitous phenomenon of great relevance in evolutionary biology and in the fields of animal and plant breeding and conservation. Inbreeding depression is due to the expression of recessive deleterious alleles that are concealed in heterozygous state in noninbred individuals, the so-called inbreeding load. Genetic purging reduces inbreeding depression by removing these alleles when expressed in homozygosis due to inbreeding. It is generally thought that fast inbreeding (such as that generated by full-sib mating lines) removes only highly deleterious recessive alleles, while slow inbreeding can also remove mildly deleterious ones. However, a question remains regarding which proportion of the inbreeding load can be removed by purging under slow inbreeding in moderately large populations. We report results of two long-term slow inbreeding Drosophila experiments (125–234 generations), each using a large population and a number of derived lines with effective sizes about 1000 and 50, respectively. The inbreeding load was virtually exhausted after more than one hundred generations in large populations and between a few tens and over one hundred generations in the lines. This result is not expected from genetic drift alone, and is in agreement with the theoretical purging predictions. Computer simulations suggest that these results are consistent with a model of relatively few deleterious mutations of large homozygous effects and partially recessive gene action.
Structural descriptor for enhanced spin-splitting in 2D hybrid perovskites
Authors: Jana Manoj K. , Song Ruyi , Xie Yi , Zhao Rundong , Sercel Peter C. , Blum Volker , Mitzi David B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) hybrid metal halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding optoelectronic materials and are potential hosts of Rashba/Dresselhaus spin-splitting for spin-selective transport and spin-orbitronics. However, a quantitative microscopic understanding of what controls the spin-splitting magnitude is generally lacking. Through crystallographic and first-principles studies on a broad array of chiral and achiral 2D perovskites, we demonstrate that a specific bond angle disparity connected with asymmetric tilting distortions of the metal halide octahedra breaks local inversion symmetry and strongly correlates with computed spin-splitting. This distortion metric can serve as a crystallographic descriptor for rapid discovery of potential candidate materials with strong spin-splitting. Our work establishes that, rather than the global space group, local inorganic layer distortions induced via appropriate organic cations provide a key design objective to achieve strong spin-splitting in perovskites. New chiral perovskites reported here couple a sizeable spin-splitting with chiral degrees of freedom and offer a unique paradigm of potential interest for spintronics.