bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent insights into massive galaxy formation from observing structural evolution (Review)
Authors: Newman Andrew B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNew observations are probing the structures and kinematics of massive galaxies at a much greater level of detail than previously possible, especially during the first half of cosmic history. ALMA data now resolve the distribution of dust and molecular gas in massive galaxies to z ˜ 5. The stellar kinematics of several massive galaxies at z ˜ 2 – 3 have been spatially resolved using gravitational lensing, providing new information on the connection between quenching and morphological transformation. Star formation histories have been reconstructed for growing samples at z ˜ 0.8–2, revealing a wide range of timescales that correlate with galaxies’ sizes and environments, providing evidence for multiple paths to quiescence. I review these and other developments and summarize the insights they have provided into massive galaxies’ evolution.
Hα plumes or arms associated with the nucleus of NGC 7020
Authors: Dottori H. , Díaz R. , Gimeno G. , Bianchi A. , Gaspar G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe imaged the galaxy NGC 7020 with Gemini and GMOS-S interference filters centered on the Hα emission line and nearby continuum in order to detect and quantify the HII regions. Among about 200 HII regions, we detected two Hα emitting plumes or arms emerging from the galactic nucleus which, together with the nuclear emission, might indicate a process of feedback from the central region.
Ubiquitous cold and massive filaments in brightest cluster galaxies
Authors: Olivares Valeria , Salomé Philippe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe origin of the mysterious multiphase filamentary structures surrounding Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) remains unknown. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations for a sample of 15 BCGs to investigate the origin and life-cycle of the gas. Those observations show clumpy and massive molecular filaments, preferentially located around the radio bubbles inflated by the active galactic nuclei (AGN). We investigate where the cold gas condenses from the intra-cluster medium, by comparing the radial extent of the filaments with predictions from numerical simulations.
The gas distribution and kinematics in the central region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1125
Authors: Marques Johan M. , Riffel Rogemar A. , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Riffel Rogério , Diniz Marlon R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present Gemini Near-Infrared Integral-Field Spectrograph (NIFS) observations of the inner 660 × 660 pc2 of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1125, which reveals that the emission-line profiles present two kinematic components: a narrow one (σ < 150 km s−1) due to emission of the gas in the disk and a broad component (σ > 150 km s−1) produced by a bipolar outflow, perpendicular to the galaxy’s disk.
High-redshift starbursts as progenitors of massive galaxies
Authors: Gómez-Guijarro Carlos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStarbursting dust-rich galaxies are capable of assembling large amounts of stellar mass very quickly. They have been proposed as progenitors of the population of compact massive quiescent galaxies at z ˜ 2. To test this connection, we present a detailed spatially-resolved study of the stars, dust, and stellar mass in a sample of six submillimeter-bright starburst galaxies at z ˜ 4.5. We found that the systems are undergoing minor mergers and the bulk star formation is located in extremely compact regions. On the other hand, optically-compact star forming galaxies have also been proposed as immediate progenitors of compact massive quiescent galaxies. Were they formed in slow secular processes or in rapid merger-driven starbursts? We explored the location of galaxies with respect to star-forming and structural relations and study the burstiness of star formation. Our results suggest that compact star-forming galaxies could be starbursts winding down and eventually becoming quiescent.
Quasar black hole masses and accretion rates across cosmic time
Authors: Brotherton Michael , Maithil Jaya , Myers Adam , Shemmer Ohad , Matthews Brandon , Dix Cooper , Du Pu , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuasar black hole masses are most commonly estimated using broad emission lines in single epoch spectra based on scaling relationships determined from reverberation mapping of small samples of low-redshift objects. Several effects have been identified requiring modifications to these scaling relationships, resulting in significant reductions of the black hole mass determinations at high redshift. Correcting these systematic biases is critical to understanding the relationships among black hole and host galaxy properties. We are completing a program using the Gemini North telescope, called the Gemini North Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) Distant Quasar Survey (DQS), that has produced rest-frame optical spectra of about 200 high-redshift quasars (z = 1.5–3.5). The GNIRS-DQS will produce new and improved ultraviolet-based black hole mass and accretion rate prescriptions, as well as new redshift prescriptions for velocity zero points of high-z quasars, necessary to measure feedback.
The first AI simulation of a black hole
Authors: Nemmen Rodrigo , Duarte Roberta , Navarro João P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report the results from our ongoing pilot investigation of the use of deep learning techniques for forecasting the state of turbulent flows onto black holes. Deep neural networks seem to learn well black hole accretion physics and evolve the accretion flow orders of magnitude faster than traditional numerical solvers, while maintaining a reasonable accuracy for a long time.
Recovering the origin of the lenticular galaxy NGC3115 using multi-band photometry
Authors: Buzzo Maria Luísa , Cortesi Arianna , Werle Ariel , de Oliveira Claudia Mendes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe perform simultaneous multi-band fitting, using the routine GALFITM, of the galaxy NGC3115, in order to recover the stellar populations of its main components (a bulge, a thin disc and a thick disc). We model 11 bands, from ultraviolet to infrared, in order to take into account the galaxy younger stellar population and the presence of the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). We find that the majority of the galaxy baryonic mass belongs to the thick disc, which is also the oldest galaxy component, consistent with results from the literature. Differently from previous works, we find that the bulge has the bluest colour and it is younger than the thick disc, either as a result of recent star formation activity, or AGN feedback, or white dwarf emission in an old stellar population. Finally, we propose that NGC3115 was formed either through a two-phase formation scenario, or via an outside-in quenching of an isolated spiral galaxy, whose thick disc had been heated-up via minor mergers with dwarf satellites.
The recurrent nuclear activity of Fornax A and its interaction with the cold gas
Authors: Maccagni F. M. , Serra P. , Murgia M. , Govoni F. , Morokuma-Matsui K. , Kleiner D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensitive (noise ∼16 μJy beam−1), high-resolution (∼10″) MeerKAT observations of show that its giant lobes have a double-shell morphology, where dense filaments are embedded in a diffuse and extended cocoon, while the central radio jets are confined within the host galaxy. The spectral radio properties of the lobes and jets of reveal that its nuclear activity is rapidly flickering. Multiple episodes of nuclear activity must have formed the radio lobes, for which the last stopped 12 Myr ago. More recently (∼3 Myr ago), a less powerful and short (≲1 Myr) phase of nuclear activity generated the central jets. The distribution and kinematics of the neutral and molecular gas in the centre give insights on the interaction between the recurrent nuclear activity and the surrounding interstellar medium.
Feedback from ionised gas outflows in the central kpc of nearby active galaxies
Authors: David Edwin , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe use integral-field spectroscopy obtained with the Gemini instrument GMOS-IFU (Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph Integral Field Unit) to map the gas distribution, excitation and kinematics in the central kpc of 11 nearby active galaxies. We use channel maps to quantify the ionised gas masses, mass outflow rates and powers of the outflows in order to gauge the feedback effect of these outflows on the host galaxies. We compare this method with others previously used to calculate the feedback power of such outflows.
Distant quasar host galaxies and their environments with multi-wavelength 3D spectroscopy
Authors: Vayner Andrey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have conducted a multi-wavelength survey of distant (1.3 < z < 2.6) luminous quasars host galaxies using the Keck integral field spectrograph (IFS) OSIRIS and laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS-AO) system, ALMA, HST and VLA. Studying distant quasar host galaxies is essential for understanding the role of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on the interstellar medium (ISM), and its capability of regulating the growth of massive galaxies and their supermassive black holes (SMBH). The combination of LGS-AO and OSIRIS affords the necessary spatial resolution and contrast to disentangle the bright quasar emission from that of its faint host galaxy. We resolve the nebular emission lines, [OIII], [NII],, and [SII] at a sub-kiloparsec resolution to study the distribution, kinematics, and dynamics of the warm-ionized ISM in each quasar host galaxy. The goal of the survey was to search for ionized outflows and relate their spatial extent and energetics to the star-forming properties of the host galaxy. Combining ALMA and OSIRIS, we directly test whether outflows detected with OSIRIS are affecting the molecular ISM. We find that several mechanisms are responsible for driving the outflows within our systems, including radiation pressure in low and high column density environments as well as adiabatic and isothermal shocks driven by the quasar. From line ratio diagnostics, we obtain resolved measurements of the photoionization mechanisms and the gas-phase metallicity. We find that the quasars are responsible for photoionizing the majority of the ISM with metalicities lower than that of gas photoionized by AGN in the low redshift systems. We are now obtaining detailed observations of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of these systems with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI). The gas in the CGM may play an essential role in the evolution of these galaxies.
Outflows & Feedback from Extremely Red Quasars
Authors: Hamann Fred , Perrotta Serena , Zakamska Nadia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFeedback from accreting supermassive black holes is often invoked in galaxy evolution models to inhibit star formation, truncate galaxy growth, and establish the observed black-hole/bulge mass correlation. We are studying outflows and feedback in a unique sample of extremely red quasars (ERQs) during the peak epoch of galaxy formation (at redshifts 2.3 < z < 3.4). We identified ERQs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) quasar catalog based on their extremely red i–W3 colors, but we find that ERQs typically have a suite of other extreme properties including 1) a high incidence of blueshifted broad absorption lines, 2) broad emission lines with unusually large rest equivalent widths (REWs), peculiar “wingless” profiles, and frequent large blueshifts (reaching ˜8740 km s-1), and 3) characteristically very broad and blueshifted [OIII] 4959,5007Å lines that trace ionized outflows at speeds up to ˜6700 km s-1. We propose that these ERQs represent a young quasar population with powerful outflows on the precipice of causing important disruptive feedback effects in their host galaxies.
Hybrids: where are we?
Authors: Ménard Claude 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe owe Williamson for the formal introduction of hybrid organizations as essential building blocks in ‘the institutional structure of production’. The analysis of these institutional arrangements, which culminated inThe Mechanisms of Governance, provided a unified approach to the variety of setting within which transactions are embedded, opening a new perspective on a cornerstone of modern economies. This essay explores the past, present, and future of this breakthrough. First, it reviews the progressive integration of hybrids as a category of their own in the classic ‘make-or-buy’ model, inserting hybrids as an ‘intermediate’ form different from markets in that adaptation cannot be done unilaterally and different from ‘unified organizations’ in that adaptation cannot be done by fiat. Second, it shows how this initial characterization of hybrids, besides providing a coherent approach to empirical research available at the time, gave a powerful impulse to new contributions, identifying more rigorously the fundamental features of hybrids, throwing light on why firms go hybrid, and explicating the governance structure chosen. Last, it offers insights on a research program that remains a work in progress, delineating new terrains to explore and new puzzles to solve.
Experimental and numerical characterization of a grounded coplanar waveguide for nanoelectroporation applied to liposomes
Authors: Caramazza Laura , Paffi Alessandra , Liberti Micaela , Apollonio Francesca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectroporation has become a powerful technological platform for the electromanipulation of cells and tissues for various medical and biotechnological applications. Recently, nanoporation based on nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) has gained great attention due to its potential to permeabilize the membrane of small vesicles. Here, the authors propose and characterize, both experimentally and through multiphysics modeling, a grounded coplanar waveguide compliant with the wideband requirements for nanosecond pulses to be used for experiments of drug delivery with liposomes activated by nsPEFs.
Tibetan Plateau Precipitation Modulated by the Periodically Coupled Westerlies and Asian Monsoon
Authors: Cui Anning , Lu Houyuan , Liu Xingqi , Shen Caiming , Xu Deke , Xu Baiqing , Wu Naiqin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnowledge of decadal‐centennial‐scale precipitation cycles is important for predicting the status of water resources and thus food security in the region influenced by the “Asian Water Tower” (the Tibetan Plateau, TP). However, the drivers of these precipitation cycles in the TP remain unclear. Here we present a 1,656‐years (5‐years‐resolution) mean annual precipitation record reconstructed by fossil pollen assemblages from the annually laminated sediments of a lake in the TP interior. The record reveals three dominant cycles, with lengths of ∼200‐, ∼88‐, and ∼60‐years, associated with changes in the Westerlies and the Asian monsoon. These precipitation cycles suggest that the current high precipitation in the TP interior results from the superposition of cyclic highs in precipitation, and this trend may continue for the next several decades.
Quantifying the Axial Magma Lens Dynamics at the Roof of Oceanic Magma Reservoirs (Dike/Gabbro Transition): Oman Drilling Project GT3 Site Survey
Authors: France Lydéric , Lombard Maéva , Nicollet Christian , Berthod Carole , Debret Baptiste , Koepke Juergen , Ildefonse Benoit , Toussaint Aurore 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAt oceanic spreading centers, the interactions between the igneous system that builds the crust, and the hydrothermal system that cools it govern the plumbing system architecture and its thermokinetic evolution. At fast‐spreading centers, most of those interactions occur around the axial magma lens (AML) that feeds the upper crust, and possibly part of the underlying mushy igneous reservoir. Heat extracted from crystallizing AML is transferred through a conductive boundary layer to the overlying hydrothermal system. Quantifying the AML physical and thermal evolutions and its interactions with hydrothermal system is therefore essential to understand oceanic accretion. Those general issues were the rationale of drilling ICDP OmanDP Hole GT3A, and we present herein the geological, structural, and petrological data that were used as a site survey to select its location. GT3 area enables observations in three dimensions of fossilized AMLs and overlying dikes. The new field data and corresponding mineral compositions are used together with thermokinetic and thermodynamic models to deliver an integrated dynamic model for the AML/hydrothermal system interactions. Results attest that the isotropic gabbro interval is composite, with gabbro bodies intruding and reheating both gabbros and dikes (up to 1,040°C). We show that AMLs should be considered as transient igneous bodies that likely crystallize from primitive MORBs in decades, releasing heat to the intruded hosts, and feeding high temperature vents on the seafloor. We show for the first time that the thermal gradient recorded in AML roof is consistent with the heat fluxes reported at active hydrothermal vents.
The Hydrogeomorphic History of Garu Crater: Implications and Constraints on the Timing of Large Late‐Stage Lakes in the Gale Crater Region
Authors: Putnam A. R. , Palucis M. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPaleolake deposits offer a valuable record for constraining ancient Martian environments and climate. Gale crater provides extensive evidence for a long and complex history of lakes; however, the exact timing, source of water, and climate under which these large lakes persisted are still unclear. We examined the geomorphology and mineralogy of Garu crater, an ∼30 km diameter crater ∼150 km to the east of Gale crater with an age of ∼3.5 Ga (Hesperian). Garu hosts a large NE‐prograding sedimentary deposit that emanates from an incised bedrock canyon. Based on detailed geomorphic analysis, we infer it to be a Gilbert‐type delta that records steadily rising water levels over 104–105 years. This aggradational stage is followed by a period of rapid desiccation, which is evidenced by a lack of post‐depositional incision into the delta. Coupled surficial and groundwater modeling and paleo‐flow analysis suggest that the highest mapped lake stand in Garu would have been coeval with one of the largest late‐stage lakes in Gale. Both lake stands would have been supported by groundwater and surface runoff, under a semiarid climate. Unlike Gale, there is no spectral evidence for salts in Garu, which suggests that lacustrine sedimentation in Garu occurred after the deposition of the sulfate layers within Gale's central sedimentary mound. The hydrogeomorphologic record of Garu crater suggests that the climatic conditions that allowed for late Hesperian lakes in Gale crater were not isolated, and other nearby craters and basins may have responded to similar forcings from a regionally integrated hydrologic system.
The 2018 Mw7.5 Highlands Earthquake in Papua New Guinea: Implications for Structural Style in an Active Fold and Thrust Belt
Authors: Mahoney Luke , Stanaway Richard , McLaren Sandra , Hill Kevin , Bergman Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Papuan Fold and Thrust Belt (PFTB) in Papua New Guinea is actively forming within a complex tectonic setting at the boundary of the obliquely converging Australian and Pacific plates. The tectonic setting and inaccessibility of the PFTB make it one of the least well‐understood fold and thrust belts on Earth. On February 25, 2018, a Mw7.5 earthquake occurred within the PFTB, triggering an aftershock sequence which included five events ≥Mw6. In this study, we combine seismological, GPS and remote sensing observations to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of crustal deformation during these events. All earthquakes ≥Mw6 were related to reverse offset on northeast‐dipping fault planes and five out of the six, including the mainshock, were associated with midcrustal focal depths (∼15–30 km). During the sequence, the PFTB underwent up to 1.2 m of uplift and ground deformation occurred over 7,500 km2. Combining these observations with our geological knowledge of this convergent margin highlights the primary control of the northern Australian passive margin on PFTB structural style. We propose that the earthquake sequence was related to tectonic inversion on a hidden extensional fault system beneath the PFTB and lateral variations along this fault zone had significant influence on the complex distribution of ground deformation. It follows that this fault system has had an important control on the evolution of variable structural styles within the PFTB. This study highlights the complexity that can characterize the evolution and structural style of fold and thrust belts.
Pyroptosis: mechanisms and diseases
Authors: Yu Pian , Zhang Xu , Liu Nian , Tang Ling , Peng Cong , Chen Xiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family. A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors. The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds. In this review, we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis, explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors, and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment. In addition, we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis. In brief, pyroptosis is a double-edged sword for tumors. The rational use of this dual effect will help us further explore the formation and development of tumors, and provide ideas for patients to develop new drugs based on pyroptosis.
LMNB2 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by silencing p21 expression
Authors: Dong Chen-Hua , Jiang Tao , Yin Hang , Song Hu , Zhang Yi , Geng Hao , Shi Pei-Cong , Xu Yi-Xin , Gao Hong , Liu Lian-Yu , Zhou Lei , Zhang Zhao-Hui , Song Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer is the second common cause of death worldwide. Lamin B2 (LMNB2) is involved in chromatin remodeling and the rupture and reorganization of nuclear membrane during mitosis, which is necessary for eukaryotic cell proliferation. However, the role of LMNB2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is poorly understood. This study explored the biological functions of LMNB2 in the progression of colorectal cancer and explored the possible molecular mechanisms. We found that LMNB2 was significantly upregulated in primary colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines, compared with paired non-cancerous tissues and normal colorectal epithelium. The high expression of LMNB2 in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly related to the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients and the shorter overall and disease-free cumulative survival. Functional analysis, including CCK8 cell proliferation test, EdU proliferation test, colony formation analysis, nude mouse xenograft, cell cycle, and apoptosis analysis showed that LMNB2 significantly promotes cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis, luciferase report analysis, and CHIP analysis showed that LMNB2 promotes cell proliferation by regulating the p21 promoter, whereas LMNB2 has no effect on cell apoptosis. In summary, these findings not only indicate that LMNB2 promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer by regulating p21-mediated cell cycle progression, but also suggest the potential value of LMNB2 as a clinical prognostic marker and molecular therapy target.