bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Erector Spinae Block versus Serratus Plane Block on Pain Scores and Diaphragmatic Excursion in Multiple Rib Fractures. A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: El Malla Dina Ahmed , Helal Rehab Abd El fattah , Zidan Tamer Atef Mohamed , El Mourad Mona Blough 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate whether ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block and serratus anterior plane block would provide effective and safe analgesia in patients with fracture ribs, and to detect their effects on diaphragmatic excursion in such cases.

Design
Prospective double-blind randomized study

Settings
Tanta University Hospitals

Subject
Fifty adult patients ASA I, II with fracture ribs.

Methods
Patients were randomized to receive either ultrasound guided erector spinae block (Group I) or serratus plane block (Group II) with injection of 19 ml bupivacaine 0.25% plus 1 ml dexamethasone (4 mg). Pain scores, 24 hour total analgesic requirements, diaphragmatic excursion and incidence of adverse events were recorded.

Results
At rest and dynamic pain scores were significantly lower in Group I as compared to Group II from 2 hour up to 24 hour post block [median differences (95% CI): −1 (−0.9999; 0.0002), −1 (−0.9999; 0.0002), −1 (−0.9998; 0.0003), −1(−1.000;−0.000) and −1(−2.0000;−1.0000), −1(−0.9998;−0.0001), −1(−1.0001;−1.0002), −1(−2.000; 0.000), respectively], with a significant reduction in 24 hour opioid consumption in Group I in comparison to Group II (P = .004*). Diaphragmatic excursion showed a significant improvement in Group I when compared to Group II at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hour after the block (P = .024*, .038*, .027*, .042* correspondingly). No adverse events were noted.

Conclusions
Both erector spinae block and serratus plane block provided safe and effective pain relief in traumatic rib fractures. Although the erector spinae group displayed significantly reduced pain scores, decreased analgesic needs and improved diaphragmatic excursion as compared to serratus group, nevertheless, this was of no clinical significance.
Reconfiguring State–Movement Relations in the Context of De-democratization
Authors: Krizsán Andrea , Roggeband Conny 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
De-democratization and hostility to gender equality alter relations between states and feminists. State feminism, which focuses on cooperation between feminists and states, needs amendments for applicability in such contexts. We propose the integration of anti-gender actors into the analysis. We also suggest moving away from the assumption that transactional activism targeting states is the most effective strategy for feminists to respond to such hostile contexts and discuss the potential of more diversified forms of engagement. To illustrate our conceptual framework, we look at changing political dynamics in three recent democracies: Croatia, Hungary, and Poland.
Not all voxels are created equal: reducing estimation bias in regional NODDI metrics using tissue-weighted means
Authors: Parker CS , Veale T , Bocchetta M , Slattery CF , Malone IB , Thomas DL , Schott JM , Cash DM , Zhang H ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) estimates microstructural properties of brain tissue relating to the organisation and processing capacity of neurites, which are essential elements for neuronal communication. Descriptive statistics of NODDI tissue metrics are commonly analysed in regions-of-interest (ROI) to identify brain-phenotype associations. Here, the conventional method to calculate the ROI mean weights all voxels equally. However, this produces biased estimates in the presence of CSF partial volume. This study introduces the tissue-weighted mean, which calculates the mean NODDI metric across the tissue within an ROI, utilising the tissue fraction estimate from NODDI to reduce estimation bias. We demonstrate the proposed mean in a study of white matter abnormalities in young onset Alzheimer’s disease (YOAD). Results show the conventional mean induces significant bias that correlates with CSF partial volume, primarily affecting periventricular regions and more so in YOAD subjects than in healthy controls. Due to the differential extent of bias between healthy controls and YOAD subjects, the conventional mean under- or over-estimated the effect size for group differences in many ROIs. This demonstrates the importance of using the correct estimation procedure when inferring group differences in studies where the extent of CSF partial volume differs between groups. These findings are robust across different acquisition and processing conditions. Bias persists in ROIs at higher image resolution, as demonstrated using data obtained from the third phase of the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI); and when performing ROI analysis in template space. This suggests that conventional ROI means of NODDI metrics are biased estimates under most contemporary experimental conditions, the correction of which requires the proposed tissue-weighted mean. The tissue-weighted mean produces accurate estimates of ROI means and group differences when ROIs contain voxels with CSF partial volume. In addition to NODDI, the technique can be applied to other multi-compartment models that account for CSF partial volume, such as the free water elimination method. We expect the technique to help generate new insights into normal and abnormal variation in tissue microstructure of regions typically confounded by CSF partial volume, such as those in individuals with larger ventricles due to atrophy associated with neurodegenerative disease.
The expectant brain – being pregnant causes changes in brain morphology in the early postpartum period
Authors: Chechko Natalia , Dukart Jürgen , Tchaikovski Svetlana , Enzensberger Christian , Neuner Irene , Stickel Susanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence that pregnancy may have a significant impact on the maternal brain, causing changes in its structure. However, the patterns of these changes have not yet been systematically investigated. Using voxel-based (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM), we compared a group of healthy primiparous women (n = 40) with healthy multiparous mothers (n = 37) as well as nulliparous women (n = 40). Compared to the nulliparous women, the young mothers showed decreases in gray matter volume in the bilateral hippocampus/amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex/subgenual prefrontal area, the right superior temporal gyrus, the right insula, and the cerebellum. However, these pregnancy-related changes in brain structure did not predict the quality of mother-infant attachment at either 3 or 12 weeks postpartum, nor were they more pronounced among the multiparous women. SBM analyses showed significant cortical thinning especially in the frontal and parietal cortices, with the parietal cortical thinning likely potentiated by multiple pregnancies. We conclude, therefore, that the widespread morphological changes seen in the brain shortly after childbirth reflect substantial neuroplasticity. Also, the experience of pregnancy alone may not be the underlying cause of the adaptations for mothering and caregiving. As regards the exact biological function of the changes in brain morphology as well as the long-term effect of pregnancy on the maternal brain, further longitudinal research with larger cohorts will be needed to draw any definitive conclusions.Significance StatementBiological adaptations during pregnancy affect the maternal brain. Here, we evaluated morphological changes in the brain of mentally healthy young mothers within the first four days of childbirth. Compared to the nulliparous women, the young primiparous and multiparous mothers demonstrated a substantial reduction in gray matter volume in brain areas related to socio-cognitive and emotional processes. Cortical alterations due to pregnancy-related adaptations are not the underlying cause of mother-infant attachment.
Epigenetic regulation clocks the multigenerational olfactory imprinting in C. elegans
Authors: Erard-Garcia Madeleine , de Abreu Diana Andrea Fernandes , Gruet Antoine , Blanchard Marie-Pierre , Baranger Kevin , Clovis Yoanne , Féron François , Remy Jean-Jacques 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImprinting is an early sensory life experience that induces adult behaviours, such as mother recognition or homing. In a previous study, we demonstrated a striking olfactory imprinting in C. elegans that can be inherited over generations. When exposed to specific odorants during a timely controlled post-hatch period, C. elegans worms display during adulthood an enhanced migration towards these molecules. In order to unveil some of the genetic and epigenetic factors that are responsible for such a behavioural plasticity, we assessed the role of heterochronic genes using a candidate gene approach. We report here that translation of the Hunchback-Like 1 (HBL1) transcription factor in the sensory processing interneuron AIY, is a determining factor for olfactory plasticity timing in C.elegans. HBL1 may associate to the SPR1/CoREST co-repressor, the lysine demethylase SPR5/LSD1 and the histone deacetylase HDA3 to lengthen the plasticity period, whereas the translation initiation factor IFE-4 and the histone deacetylase HDA2 abridge it. We also observed that lengthened plasticity periods allow proportionally faster stable behavioral adaptation of C. elegans populations. We conclude that plasticity timing is a key factor, not only to transiently adapt individuals but also to stably adapt animal populations via multigenerational accumulation of experience.
Determination of the Optical Properties of Thylakoid Membranes from Whole Leaf Reflectance Measurements Using a Capacitor and Unbound Electron Model
Authors: Muttiah Ranjan S. , Savenkov Sergey N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that a capacitor equivalent along with unbound electrons can be used to model thylakoid membranes in grana stacks. From whole leaf reflectance measurements at normal incidences at 660nm wavelength and taken from the literature (Hu et al. 2020), refractive indices are obtained from the Fresnel’s equation for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. The TE and TM polarizations for external reflectance depict the Brewster angle at which the magnitude of the reflected electric vector is zero; the internal reflections show that there’s a narrow angle window of about 10 degrees before the internally refracted light goes into critical angle. The clustering and separation of reflection measurements with angle of incidence is explained using Fresnel’s equation; the cross-over angle beyond the Brewster’s angle for internal reflection at which reflectance measurements separate with incidence angle is given by . The predicted relaxation times from a capacitor and unbound electron model gave favorable comparisons against commonly reported fluorescence times in the 0.1 to 1 ns range (our results gave 0.5-0.8 ns). The di-electric constant for the membrane is estimated to be 5. The stacking number (number of grana layers) is consistent with the light penetration depth (skin depth). The magnetic permeability was shown to be close to that of vacuum and therefore the thylakoid lacks any magnetic properties as would be expected for such a transparent media. An in-vivo estimate based on thermal equilibrium of molecules for the permanent dipole moment of the chlorophyll molecule gave 2,025D (Debye).
Darting across space and time: Parametric modulators of sex-biased conditioned fear responses
Authors: Mitchell Julia R. , Trettel Sean G. , Li Anna J. , Wasielewski Sierra , Huckleberry Kylie A. , Fanikos Michaela , Golden Emily , Laine Mikaela A. , Shansky Rebecca M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPavlovian fear conditioning is a widely used behavioral paradigm for studying associative learning in rodents. Despite early recognition that subjects may engage in a variety of both conditioned and unconditioned responses, the last several decades have seen the field narrow its focus to measure freezing as the sole indicator of conditioned fear. We previously reported that female rats were more likely than males to engage in darting, an escape-like conditioned response that is associated with heightened shock reactivity. To determine how experimental parameters contribute to the frequency of darting in both males and females, we manipulated factors such as chamber size, shock intensity, and number of trials. To better capture fear-related behavioral repertoires in our animals, we developed ScaredyRat, an open-source custom Python tool that analyzes Noldus Ethovision-generated raw data files to identify Darters and quantify both conditioned and unconditioned responses. We find that like freezing, conditioned darting occurrences scale with experimental alterations. While most darting occurs in females, we find that with an extended training protocol, darting can emerge in males as well. Collectively, our data suggest that darting reflects a behavioral switch in conditioned responding that is a product of both an individual animal’s sex, shock reactivity, and experimental parameters, underscoring the need for careful consideration of sex as a biological variable in classic learning paradigms.
ICER controls HIV-1 infection and replication in elite controllers
Authors: Luo Zhenwu , Li Min , Li Taiwei , Lv Zongyang , Ye Zhiwei , Cisneros William J. , Zhang Jie , Yuan Lingmin , Hultquist Judd F. , Migueles Stephen A , Zhu Jian , Jiang Wei 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTA rare subset of HIV-infected individuals, termed elite controllers (ECs), can maintain long-term control over HIV replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). To elucidate the biological mechanism of resistance to HIV replication at the molecular and cellular levels, we performed RNA sequencing and identified alternative splicing variants from ECs, HIV-infected individuals undergoing ART, ART-naïve HIV-infected individuals, and healthy controls. Differential gene expression patterns that are specific to ECs and may influence HIV resistance were identified, including alternative RNA splicing and exon usage variants of the CREM/ICER gene (cAMP-responsive element modulator/inducible cAMP early repressors). The knockout and knockdown of specific ICER exons that were found to be upregulated in ECs resulted in significantly increased HIV infection in CD4+ T cell line and primary CD4+ T cells. Overexpression of ICER isoforms decreased HIV infection in primary CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, ICER regulated HIV-1 LTR promoter activity in a Tat-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that ICER is an HIV host factor that may contribute to HIV resistance of ECs. These findings will help elucidate the mechanisms of HIV control by ECs and may yield a new approach for treatment of HIV.
Pandemonium, panic and the pandemic: implications for human resource development from an unplanned shift to online learning
Authors: Robinson Petra A. , Stojanović Maja , Robinson Zachary Z. , Russo Lyons Renata 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the experiences of a high school senior, a doctoral student, a university professor and an online academic coach with a rapid, unplanned shift to online learning in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic to understand the challenges and distinct skills they identify as essential for success in a 100% virtual learning environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Through scholarly personal narratives (SPNs), the researchers shared details and authentic knowledge regarding their experiences and perceptions of successful teaching and learning in a 100% online learning environment.

Findings
The main goal was to identify necessary skills for success in a 100% virtual learning environment resulting from an unplanned shift. The findings show a need for learner and teacher self-directedness in developing a variety of nontraditional, critical literacies.

Originality/value
In light of the imposed and unplanned educational shifts in teaching and learning, this study has strong practical implications for human resource development offered through an analysis of multiple perspectives. This research may lead to a better understanding of how, in a period of rapid, unexpected shifts, individuals need to use self-directedness to leverage personal and professional development opportunities to adapt and succeed in the new environment. Additionally, the authors use an innovative critical theoretical framework to outline the skills the participants report as useful for success in an online classroom during a period of rapid, unexpected shifting.
Product and service innovation in Portugal: patterns and specificities
Authors: Costa Vianey Oliveira , Rocha Raquel Rodrigues , Madeira Maria Jose 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the innovative scenario in Portugal, assess the patterns of goods and service change in the past decade and evaluate several essential characteristics from innovation and its relevant aspects.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is a case study with secondary data obtained from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) in which it is applied to the constant comparative method of data analysis proposed by Spiggle (1994).

Findings
The innovation of products and services in Portugal increased over the entire period analyzed although not linear, the financing programs contributed to the recovery and growth of innovation and small companies presented the most significant increase in product innovation.

Research limitations/implications
This investigation has limitations related to the data collected because the secondary data analyzed generalize the indicators and make it impossible to comprehend each aspect analyzed in this study in detail. This study also pointed out that Portuguese small- and medium-sized enterprises are more easily able to innovate in times of difficulty when compared to large companies. However, it is necessary to understand this phenomenon and present elements that can support or refute this discovery.

Practical implications
This paper offers a broad view of product and service innovation in Portugal for companies, entrepreneurs, universities and researchers, in addition to facilitating the creation and structuring of policies, research and financing that can develop innovation processes.

Social implications
By presenting a macro view of product and service innovation, this paper may facilitate the creation of incentives for innovation in Portugal and, consequently, to improve economic and development indicators.

Originality/value
This paper is unique in showing the patterns of innovation in the product and service in Portugal over almost a decade and in demonstrating important indicators that can be used in future research.
Return migration and health outcomes in North Macedonia
Authors: Petreski Marjan 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold, namely, to investigate if living and working abroad influences the (subjective) health of return migrants and to understand if there are any spillovers of return-migrant members onto health conditions of the family members left behind.

Design/methodology/approach
To that end, this paper uses the DoTM (Development on the Move) Migration Survey 2009, as well a propensity score matching to address selectivity on observables and IV (instrumental variables) for the selectivity on unobservables.

Findings
Results suggest that when equalized on observables, return migrants have better health than non-migrants. However, the reverse causality channel (less healthy individuals are more inclined to return) works to attenuate the true effect of return migration on health. Results further suggest a positive spillover effect of return migration on the health of the family members left behind, being mainly driven by the work of remittances sent while abroad, and not by the returned wealth or by the health knowledge transfer.

Originality/value
This paper offers at least two novelty lines to contribute to the current sparse of knowledge. First, it is among the scarce papers, and probably the only quantitative one, to investigate the nexus between return migration and health outcomes. Second, it heavily dwells on the role of selectivity (both on observables and unobservables) in determining the true (causal) effect of return migration on health.
State transformations and welfare models: the significance of the return of public institutions in Ecuador of the Citizen Revolution (2007–2017)
Authors: Ubasart-González Gemma , Minteguiaga Analía Mara 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between estate transformations produced during the governments of the Citizen Revolution (CR) in Ecuador (2007-2017) and welfare regime transformations.Design/methodology/approachThe CR’s project registers an array of specificities that make it a relevant case study to understand it. Among them, it articulated the transformation of the development model with a comprehensive state reform: emphasized both the modernization of the state and the productive structure, and the creation of the basic pillars of a welfare state. The ambitious project materialized in an ambivalent manner, revealing accomplishments and limitations.FindingsThe recovery of resources for the state, the efficient organization of resources, decentralization and deconcentration processes, public administration transformations and policy de-corporatization processes accompanied and even propelled important achievements in the social sphere in terms of decommodification, stratification, commodification and defamiliarization. Ecuador’s starting point, as a small and impoverished country with pubic and communal goods and services dismantled through neoliberal reforms, was quite precarious. But, progress was made. Beyond the identified limitations, its accomplishments must be highlighted because they are novel in comparison to other progressive government experiences, especially in the context of Central Andean countries.Originality/valueThis article vindicates the need to link state transformation processes to welfare regime transformations, as well as the academic literature that informs both fields. The description of what took place in Ecuador in the field of social welfare during the ten years of the CR continues to confirm the theoretical potential of the concept of welfare regime with the necessary translations and appropriations that allow for the analysis of countries in the region. It enables an approach to a more theoretically and methodologically elusive object that is at the same time tremendously potent in analytical terms and in its contributions to social transformations. An object that alludes to areas gravely affected during neoliberal hegemony, linked to public institutionality, state capacity and state autonomy. This is why everything that affects the state and the management of public goods and services must be incorporated into the analysis.