bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the shrinking world: dementia, localisation and neighbourhood
Authors: Ward Richard , Rummery Kirstein , Odzakovic Elzana , Manji Kainde , Kullberg Agneta , Keady John , Clark Andrew , Campbell Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract‘Dementia-friendly communities’ herald a shift toward the neighbourhood as a locus for the care and support of people with dementia, sparking growing interest in the geographies of dementia care and raising questions over the shifting spatial and social experience of the condition. Existing research claims that many people with dementia experience a ‘shrinking world’ whereby the boundaries to their social and physical worlds gradually constrict over time, leading to a loss of control and independence. This paper reports a five-year, international study that investigated the neighbourhood experience of people with dementia and those who care for and support them. We interrogate the notion of a shrinking world and in so doing highlight an absence of attention paid to the agency and actions of people with dementia themselves. The paper draws together a socio-relational and embodied-material approach to question the adequacy of the shrinking world concept as an explanatory framework and to challenge reliance within policy and practice upon notions of place as fixed or stable. We argue instead for the importance of foregrounding ‘lived place’ and attending to social practices and the networks in which such practices evolve. Our findings have implications for policy and practice, emphasising the need to bolster the agency of people living with dementia as a route to fostering accessible and inclusive neighbourhoods.
“No Intrigue Is Spared”: Anglo-American Intelligence Networks in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic
Authors: Tieleman Matthijs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article surveys previously underexamined American and British intelligence networks that operated in the Netherlands during the eighteenth century and demonstrates the relevance of the eighteenth-century Dutch Republic to the larger history of the Netherlands, early modern Europe, and the revolutionary Atlantic. The Dutch Republic's favourable geographic location, its postal services, its sophisticated press, and its mercantile economy made it an ideal place to extract information and build intelligence networks, shaping power politics in the eighteenth-century British Atlantic. Additionally, this article illustrates how these Anglo-American intelligence networks affected the Dutch Republic and the revolutionary Atlantic. In the late 1770s, American revolutionaries successfully deployed their intelligence network to unleash a propaganda campaign that aimed to convince the Dutch public of their cause. By infiltrating the liberal and sophisticated Dutch printing press, the American revolutionaries not only succeeded in fostering political support among the Dutch public; they also created a transatlantic intellectual exchange with the Dutch opposition that laid the foundations of the Dutch Patriot movement of the 1780s and ultimately the dissolution of the Dutch Republic as a whole in 1795.
Child development as social action: Reflections on four underrated contributions of Edward Zigler to science and society
Authors: Reynolds Arthur J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a career spanning six decades, Edward Zigler redefined developmental psychology as the equal integration of scientific inquiry and evidence with social policy formulation and analysis to improve child well-being. The theme of his accumulated work was advancing child development as social action for children and families. Besides early childhood intervention and policy, for which he devoted most of his time, Dr. Zigler did pioneering work in education and school reform, social policy, prevention, child maltreatment, family support, developmental disabilities, and in service to government. In this article, I reflect on four of Dr. Zigler's major contributions to science and society that are underrated and, in many respects, under-appreciated in the larger context of the field. These are (a) historical analysis of Head Start, (b) conceptualization and analysis of motivation as a key component of early childhood program impacts, (c) development of preschool-to-third-grade programs and school reforms, and (d) critical analysis of theory, research, policy, and practice. Together, these and other contributions by Dr. Zigler provide a strong foundation to build a better society for all.
INDEPENDENCE PROOFS IN NON-CLASSICAL SET THEORIES
Authors: TARAFDER SOURAV , VENTURI GIORGIO 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we extend to non-classical set theories the standard strategy of proving independence using Boolean-valued models. This extension is provided by means of a new technique that, combining algebras (by taking their product), is able to provide product-algebra-valued models of set theories. In this paper we also provide applications of this new technique by showing that: (1) we can import the classical independence results to non-classical set theory (as an example we prove the independence of
$\mathsf {CH}$
); and (2) we can provide new independence results. We end by discussing the role of non-classical algebra-valued models for the debate between universists and multiversists and by arguing that non-classical models should be included as legitimate members of the multiverse.
An Update to the Squire State Court of Last Resort Professionalization Index
Authors: Squire Peverill , Butcher Jordan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current version of the Squire state court of last resort professionalization index is regularly used in studies of state courts. We have updated the index for 2019, producing a second and more recent index. Given the relative stability between this index and its predecessor, it is unlikely that many findings will change. During the 15 years that lapsed between the first index and the more recent one, little changed in most states, while reforms in a few places substantially shifted the relative standing of their court of last resort. It seems unlikely that the nation will experience any sweeping reform movements impacting state courts of last resort across the board. The more likely scenario is the sort of idiosyncratic changes impacting a few courts that were witnessed over the last decade and a half. Thus, looking to the future, it may be prudent to update the index every 5–10 years to capture any notable alterations.
Perinatal Outcome of Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Monochorionic Twins: Evaluation of a Retrospective Cohort in a Developing Country
Authors: Aquino Carolina , Rodrigues Baião Ana Elisa , de Carvalho Paulo Roberto Nassar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) in monochorionic twin pregnancies is associated with greater morbidity and mortality for both fetuses when compared to singleton and dichorionic pregnancies. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the perinatal outcomes of monochorionic twin pregnancies affected by this disorder and conducted expectantly, by analyzing the results according to the end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery Doppler of the smaller twin (type I: persistently forward/type II: persistently absent or reversed/type III: intermittently absent or reversed). Seventy-five monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies with sIUGR were included in this study. sIUGR was defined by estimated fetal weight below the 3rd centile for gestational age, or below the 10th centile, when associated with at least one of the following three criteria: abdominal circumference below the 10th percentile, umbilical artery pulsatility index of the smaller twin above the 95th percentile, or estimated fetal weight discordance of 25% or more. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed from the prenatal period to hospital discharge and included perinatal death, neurological injury, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and sepsis. The mortality rate was 1.33% in this cohort. The overall morbidity rate was lower in type I twin pregnancies. In conclusion, this study shows that sIUGR type I has lower morbidity than types II and III in expectant management.
Predicting the Interannual Variability of California's Total Annual Precipitation
Authors: Cheng Rui , Novak Lenka , Schneider Tapio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting precipitation characteristics on seasonal and longer timescales can help California prepare for long‐term droughts and precipitation extremes. We find that interannual variations in total precipitation across California are primarily determined by precipitation frequency. As was shown previously for total precipitation, the precipitation frequency is linked to the North Pacific jet stream location. This indicates that California precipitation frequency is primarily controlled by where the jet guides precipitate weather systems rather than how moist or energetic the systems are. The jet's position, in turn, depends on the states of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). We use this to construct a regression model that predicts variations in California's annual total precipitation and precipitation frequency. Up to 20% of the wintertime precipitation variance in Southern California is predictable using decorrelated ENSO and PDO indices in the previous summer.
Temporal Patterns of Large Wildfires and Their Burn Severity in Rangelands of Western United States
Authors: Li Zheng , Angerer Jay P. , Wu X. Ben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWildfires in forest ecosystems have been well studied, while wildfires in rangelands ecosystems have received less attention. This study evaluated temporal trends of large wildfires on rangelands in western United States from 1984 to 2017, using the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity product (captured wildfires ≥405 ha in size in western United States) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average analysis. The results showed a significant increase (more than fivefold) in area of rangeland burned by large wildfires, but generally no significant trends in proportions of areas burned at different levels of severity. The trends for all rangelands, in total area burned and in areas burned at different levels of severity, were most similar to the trends for herbaceous‐dominated rangelands but largely different from the trends for shrub‐dominated rangelands. These findings can aid in the development of management strategies for anticipating and reducing wildfire risk and enhancing rangeland conservation and sustainability.
Drivers of Interannual Sea Ice Concentration Variability in the Atlantic Water Inflow Region North of Svalbard
Authors: Lundesgaard Øyvind , Sundfjord Arild , Renner Angelika H. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSea ice concentration along the continental margin of the Arctic Ocean is influenced by a multitude of factors, including local freezing and melting due to atmospheric forcing, lateral advection of sea ice by winds and ocean currents, and melting from below by warm Atlantic Water (AW). Here, we characterize the evolution of sea ice concentration in an area on the continental shelf break north of Svalbard in the period between 2012 and 2019. During this period, a semi‐regular seasonal pattern in sea ice concentration was interrupted by three anomalous seasons; a high ice anomaly during autumn 2014 and low ice anomalies during spring 2016 and 2018. Neither type of anomaly can be explained by abnormal upper ocean heat content as measured by an ocean mooring located near the shelf break. Instead, we find that the predominant driver of interannual sea ice concentration variability during this period was variations in large‐scale ice drift. While heat flux from the ocean cannot explain the interannual variability, it plays a key role in maintaining periods of open water in the AW inflow region despite freezing air temperatures during most of the year. These results are consistent with the sea ice concentration flux divergence from satellite records, which suggests that the southern continental slope of the Eurasian Basin is an important melting area for sea ice advected in from the north.
Challenging and Improving the Simulation of Mid‐Level Mixed‐Phase Clouds Over the High‐Latitude Southern Ocean
Authors: Vignon É. , Alexander S. P. , DeMott P. J. , Sotiropoulou G. , Gerber F. , Hill T. C. J. , Marchand R. , Nenes A. , Berne A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClimate models exhibit major radiative biases over the Southern Ocean owing to a poor representation of mixed‐phase clouds. This study uses the remote‐sensing dataset from the Measurements of Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds over the Southern Ocean (MARCUS) campaign to assess the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to reproduce frontal clouds off Antarctica. It focuses on the modeling of thin mid‐level supercooled liquid water layers which precipitate ice. The standard version of WRF produces almost fully glaciated clouds and cannot reproduce cloud top turbulence. Our work demonstrates the importance of adapting the ice nucleation parameterization to the pristine austral atmosphere to reproduce the supercooled liquid layers. Once simulated, droplets significantly impact the cloud radiative effect by increasing downwelling longwave fluxes and decreasing downwelling shortwave fluxes at the surface. The net radiative effect is a warming of snow and ice covered surfaces and a cooling of the ocean. Despite improvements in our simulations, the local turbulent circulation related to cloud‐top radiative cooling is not properly reproduced, advocating for the need to develop a parameterization for top‐down convection to capture the turbulence‐microphysics interplay at cloud top.
Compound Extremes Drive the Western Oregon Wildfires of September 2020
Authors: Abatzoglou John T. , Rupp David E. , O'Neill Larry W. , Sadegh Mojtaba 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral very large high‐impact fires burned nearly 4,000 km2 of mesic forests in western Oregon during September 7–9, 2020. While infrequent, very large high‐severity fires have occurred historically in western Oregon, the extreme nature of this event warrants analyses of climate and meteorological drivers. A strong blocking pattern led to an intrusion of dry air and strong downslope east winds in the Oregon Cascades following a warm‐dry 60‐day period that promoted widespread fuel flammability. Viewed independently, both the downslope east winds and fuel dryness were extreme, but not unprecedented. However, the concurrence of these drivers resulted in compound extremes and impacts unmatched in the observational record. We additionally find that most large wildfires in western Oregon since 1900 have similarly coincided with warm‐dry summers during at least moderate east wind events. These results reinforce the importance of incorporating a multivariate lens for compound extremes in assessing wildfire hazard risk.
Inner Magnetospheric Magnetic Dips and Energetic Protons Trapped Therein: Multi‐Spacecraft Observations and Simulations
Authors: Yin Ze‐Fan , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Yue Chao , Xiong Ying , Xie Lun , Wang Yong‐Fu , Fu Sui‐Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLocalized magnetic field depressions in the inner magnetosphere, known as magnetic dips, are produced by the diamagnetic motion of energetic ions injected via substorm activities. The magnetic dips, if deep enough, can produce a local minimum in the radial profile of the field strength to trap the injected protons. Therefore, the trapped protons would drift at the same speed as the dip propagation, which leads to the simultaneous enhancements of proton fluxes in multiple energy channels at the leading edge of the dip structure. On the trailing side, the reduction of proton fluxes shows dispersive features, which can be attributed to the energy‐dependent drift motion of the injected protons in the absence of the local field minimum. This scenario is examined based on comparisons between multi‐spacecraft observations and test‐particle simulations, and their good agreement validates the scenario to shed new light on the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere‐magnetotail coupled system.
Early oxygen levels contribute to brain injury in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Rantakari Krista , Rinta-Koski Olli-Pekka , Metsäranta Marjo , Hollmén Jaakko , Särkkä Simo , Rahkonen Petri , Lano Aulikki , Lauronen Leena , Nevalainen Päivi , Leskinen Markus J. , Andersson Sture 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments that may originate in early NICU care. We hypothesized that early oxygen saturations (SpO2), arterial pO2 levels, and supplemental oxygen (FiO2) would associate with later neuroanatomic changes.

Methods
SpO2, arterial blood gases, and FiO2 from 73 ELGANs (GA 26.4 ± 1.2; BW 867 ± 179 g) during the first 3 postnatal days were correlated with later white matter injury (WM, MRI, n = 69), secondary cortical somatosensory processing in magnetoencephalography (MEG-SII, n = 39), Hempel neurological examination (n = 66), and developmental quotients of Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS, n = 58).

Results
The ELGANs with later WM abnormalities exhibited lower SpO2 and pO2 levels, and higher FiO2 need during the first 3 days than those with normal WM. They also had higher pCO2 values. The infants with abnormal MEG-SII showed opposite findings, i.e., displayed higher SpO2 and pO2 levels and lower FiO2 need, than those with better outcomes. Severe WM changes and abnormal MEG-SII were correlated with adverse neurodevelopment.

Conclusions
Low oxygen levels and high FiO2 need during the NICU care associate with WM abnormalities, whereas higher oxygen levels correlate with abnormal MEG-SII. The results may indicate certain brain structures being more vulnerable to hypoxia and others to hyperoxia, thus emphasizing the role of strict saturation targets.

Impact

This study indicates that both abnormally low and high oxygen levels during early NICU care are harmful for later neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates.

Specific brain structures seem to be vulnerable to low and others to high oxygen levels.

The findings may have clinical implications as oxygen is one of the most common therapies given in NICUs.

The results emphasize the role of strict saturation targets during the early postnatal period in preterm infants.
Zoology of domain walls in quasi-2D correlated charge density wave of 1T-TaS2
Authors: Park Jae Whan , Lee Jinwon , Yeom Han Woong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDomain walls in correlated charge density wave compounds such as 1T-TaS2 can have distinct localized states which govern physical properties and functionalities of emerging quantum phases. However, detailed atomic and electronic structures of domain walls have largely been elusive. We identify using scanning tunneling microscope and density functional theory calculations the atomic and electronic structures for a plethora of discommensuration domain walls in 1T-TaS2 quenched metastably with nanoscale domain wall networks. The domain walls exhibit various in-gap states within the Mott gap but metallic states appear in only particular types of domain walls. A systematic understanding of the domain-wall electronic property requests not only the electron counting but also including various intertwined interactions such as structural relaxation, electron correlation, and charge transfer. This work guides the domain wall engineering of the functionality in correlated van der Waals materials.
LLL12B, a small molecule STAT3 inhibitor, induces growth arrest, apoptosis, and enhances cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity in medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Chen Xiang , Pan Li , Wei Jia , Zhang Ruijie , Yang Xiaozhi , Song Jinhua , Bai Ren-Yuan , Fu Shengling , Pierson Christopher R. , Finlay Jonathan L. , Li Chenglong , Lin Jiayuh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSignal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor and an oncogene product, which plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. Therefore, targeting persistent STAT3 signaling directly is an attractive anticancer strategy. The aim of this study is to test the efficacy of a novel STAT3 small molecule inhibitor, LLL12B, in suppressing medulloblastoma cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. LLL12B selectively inhibited the induction of STAT3 phosphorylation by interleukin-6 but not induction of STAT1 phosphorylation by INF-γ. LLL12B also induced apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cells. In addition, LLL12B exhibited good oral bioavailability in vivo and potent suppressive activity in tumor growth of medulloblastoma cells in vivo. Besides, combining LLL12B with cisplatin showed greater inhibition of cell viability and tumorsphere formation as well as induction of apoptosis comparing to single agent treatment in medulloblastoma cells. Furthermore, LLL12B and cisplatin combination exhibited greater suppression of medulloblastoma tumor growth than monotherapy in vivo. The present study supported that LLL12B is a novel therapeutic agent for medulloblastoma and the combination of LLL12B with a chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin may be an effective approach for medulloblastoma therapy.
No difference of survival between cruciate retaining and substitution designs in high flexion total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kim Gun-Woo , Jin Quan He , Lim Jun-Hyuk , Song Eun-Kyoo , Seon Jong-Keun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the long-term implant survival and outcomes in patients with high-flexion cruciate-retaining (CR) or high-flexion posterior cruciate-substituting (PS) knee implants. A total of 253 knees (CR group: 159 vs. PS group: 94) were available for examination over a mean follow-up of 10 years. Clinical outcomes were assessed including the Hospital for Special Surgery score, Knee Society score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score at the final follow-up. Radiologic measurements were also assessed including the hip-knee-ankle angle and radiolucent lines according to the KSS system at the final follow-up. The survival rate was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. At the final follow-up, the mean total HSS scores were similar between the two groups (p = 0.970). The mean hip-knee-ankle angle at the final follow-up was similar between groups (p = 0.601). The 10- and 15-year survival rates were 95.4% and 93.3% in the CR group and 92.7% and 90.9% in the PS group, respectively, with no significant difference. Similar clinical and radiographic outcomes could be achieved with both the high-flexion CR and high-flexion PS total knee designs without a difference in survival rate after a 10-year follow-up.