bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental DNA in a global biodiversity hotspot: Lessons from coral reef fish diversity across the Indonesian archipelago
Authors: Marwayana Onny N. , Gold Zachary , Meyer Chistopher P. , Barber Paul H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIndonesia is the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most diverse marine ecosystem. Preserving the biological and economic value of this marine biodiversity requires efficient and economical ecosystem monitoring, yet our understanding of marine biodiversity in this region remains limited. This study uses environmental DNA (eDNA) to survey fish communities across a well‐documented biodiversity gradient in Indonesia. A total of 6,608,693 sequence reads of MiFish 12S rRNA from 39 sites spanning seven regions of Indonesia revealed 1099 fish amplified sequence variants (ASVs), 80.4% of which could be identified to species. Regional fish diversity broadly conformed to expectations, with the highest fish biodiversity in Raja Ampat and lowest in Western Indonesia. Similarly, zeta diversity analysis showed greater community turnover in higher diversity reefs of Eastern Indonesia and greater community similarity in low diversity regions of Western Indonesia. However, despite a twofold difference in fish diversity between Eastern and Western Indonesia, mean ASVs recovered per 1‐L seawater was relatively similar across all regions. Moreover, although ASV recovery from individual seawater samples saturated, ASV recovery did not saturate at the site or region level, indicating that sampling/sequencing efforts employed in lower diversity ecosystems are insufficient for biodiversity hotspots like the Coral Triangle. Despite these limitations, eDNA substantially increased (36.3%–84.1%; mean 57.1%) the number of fish species recorded during intensive visual surveys, adding pelagic (tuna, jacks, scads, mackerels), nocturnal (soldierfish, lanternfish), and crevice‐dwelling species (eels, blennies, gobies) that are difficult to document in visual surveys. Results demonstrate the added value of eDNA in biodiversity hotspots like the Coral Triangle and highlight the need for research to understand how best to sample eDNA in high diversity regions to deliver on the promise of eDNA as a tool to monitor marine biodiversity effectively and efficiently.
Ontogeny of eDNA shedding during early development in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Ostberg Carl O. , Chase Dorothy M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the timing of major life history events in aquatic species is important for informing conservation and resource management planning. Accordingly, surveys of environmental DNA (eDNA) have been performed to determine the efficacy of eDNA for providing information on life history events, primarily focusing on the timing of events associated with spawning, and these studies have proved successful. However, spawning represents only one part of the life history, and therefore, information on eDNA shedding during other life history stages is needed to fill gaps in knowledge. Here, we explored eDNA shedding during early life history (from fertilized eggs until near yolk sac absorption) in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at three biomasses in a laboratory environment. We found that fertilized eggs shed little eDNA prior to hatching. Hatching coincided with a spike in eDNA, and we observed a significant and positive relationship between eDNA concentration and the number of hatched eggs. The concentration of eDNA shed by larvae after hatching was not consistent across post‐hatch sampling days, suggesting developmental and behavioral changes associated with larval ontogeny may affect eDNA shedding rate. These results indicate that eDNA data may be used to identify hatch timing and verify successful reproduction in oviparous aquatic fishes. The application of eDNA to early life history broadens the capacity of eDNA‐based methods for assessing population status and trends.
Meaningful outrage: Anger at injustice bolsters meaning for justice sensitive individuals
Authors: Rothschild Zachary K. , Keefer Lucas A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIndividuals are frequently exposed to media describing salient moral violations, often eliciting negative reactions. Three studies examined whether the outrage engendered by such news may serve as a source of personal meaning for justice sensitive individuals. Using an experience sampling method, Study 1 found that among high (but not low) justice sensitive individuals, outrage (but not sadness) at unethical/unjust news content predicted greater personal meaning. Employing an experimental paradigm, Study 2 found that the opportunity to express outrage at third‐party harm‐doing attenuated a threat‐induced reduction in personal meaning among high (but not low) justice sensitive participants. Study 3 found that giving justice sensitive participants the opportunity to affirm the meaningfulness of their own life (vs. another person's life or no affirmation) reduced expressions of outrage at third‐party harm‐doing. Results suggest outrage may uniquely serve a meaning‐maintenance function for those who view upholding justice as a central value.
Hyperintensity of integrin‐targeted fluorescence agent IntegriSense750 accurately predicts flap necrosis compared to Indocyanine green
Authors: Hicks Melanie D. , Ovaitt Alyssa K. , Fleming Jason C. , Sorace Anna G. , Song Patrick N. , Mansur Ameer , Hartman BS Yolanda E. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Warram Jason M. , Thomas Carissa M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFlap necrosis is a feared complication of reconstructive surgery. Current methods of prediction using Indocyanine green (ICG) lack specificity. IntegriSense750 is a fluorescence agent that binds sites of vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that IntegriSense750 better predicts flap compromise compared to ICG.MethodsFifteen mice underwent lateral thoracic artery axial flap harvest. Mice received an injection of ICG (n = 7) or IntegriSense750 (n = 8) daily from postoperative days (POD) 0–3 and were imaged daily. Mean signal‐to‐background ratios quantified the change in fluorescence as necrosis progressed.ResultsMean signal‐to‐background ratio was significantly higher for IntegriSense750 compared to ICG on POD0 (1.47 ± 0.17 vs. 0.86 ± 0.21, p = 0.01) and daily through POD3 (2.12 ± 0.70 vs. 0.96 ± 0.29, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIntegriSense750 demonstrates increased signal‐to‐background ratio at areas of flap distress compared to ICG which may increase identification of flap necrosis and improve patient outcomes.
Programmed death 1 expressing CD8+CXCR5+ follicular T cells constitute effector rather than exhaustive phenotype in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Khanam Arshi , Tang Lydia S. Y. , Kottilil Shyam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Classical CD8 T cells are implicated for protective and pathogenic roles in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Recently, a subset of CD8 T cells expressing C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) and exhibiting features of TFH cells has been identified during chronic viral infections. However, in CHB, knowledge of their roles is limited.

Approach and Results
We characterized circulating CD8+CXCR5+/− cells and investigated their association with clinical and viral factors. We found that CHB infection did not influence the overall frequencies of CD8+CXCR5+ cells whereas CD8+CXCR5− cells were increased. However, among CHB, CD8+CXCR5+ cells were higher in patients with low HBsAg and HBV‐DNA levels, patients who were HBeAg negative and had high fibrosis scores, and these cells exhibited a significant association with HBsAg and HBV‐DNA reduction. Contrarily, CD8+CXCR5− cells were expanded and positively correlated with patients having high HBsAg, HBV‐DNA, and alanine aminotransferase levels. CD8+CXCR5+ cells express costimulatory molecules ICOS, OX40, CD40 ligand, inhibitory molecule programmed death 1, transcription factors B‐cell lymphoma (BCL)‐2, BCL‐6, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and are enriched in effector and central memory phenotype. Moreover, these cells are heterogeneous in nature given that they constitute different subsets of cytotoxic follicular T cells (TCF), including TCF1, TCF2, TCF17, and TCF22. Despite expressing high PD‐1, CD8+CXCR5+ cells are activated, proliferating, secreting more IFN‐γ, IL‐21, and IL‐22, and have better cytolytic potential than CD8+CXCR5− cells, which were inhibited after PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade. CD8+CXCR5+ cells are efficient in helping B cells in terms of plasmablasts and plasma cell generation.

Conclusions
In conclusion, CD8+CXCR5+ cells are enriched in effector phenotypes, produce HBV‐specific cytokines despite increased PD‐1, and are associated with HBsAg and HBV‐DNA reduction. These cells competently support B‐cell function, required for viral clearance, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets for CHB.
Global burden and attributable risk factors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 204 countries and territories in 1990–2019: Estimation based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Hu Yuefen , Zhang Xiuping , Zhang Aijun , Hou Yu , Liu Yang , Li Qizhao , Wang Yawen , Yu Yafei , Hou Ming , Peng Jun , Yang Xiaorong , Xu Shuqian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo provide a foundational guideline for policy‐makers to efficiently allocate medical resources in the context of population aging and growth, the latest spatial distribution and temporal trend of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) along with attributable risk factors by sex and age were mapped. Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated according to the relativity between age‐standardized rate and calendar year, to quantify temporal trends in morbidity and mortality of ALL. We used applied Spearman rank correlation to estimate the relationship between the EAPC and potential influence factors. The population attributable fraction of potential risk factors for ALL‐related disability‐adjusted life years were estimated by the comparative risk assessment framework. As a result, we found that new ALL cases increased significantly by 1.29% worldwide, and the age‐standardized incidence rate increased by 1.61% annually. The proportion of elder patients sharply increased, especially within the higher socio‐demographic index (SDI) region. Smoking and high body mass index remained the predominant risk factors for ALL‐related mortality. Notably, the contribution of high body mass index presented an increasing trend. In conclusion, the global burden of ALL has steadily increased, especially in Middle SDI region. Health measures and new drugs should be taken into consideration to improve the management and treatment of elders with ALL due to an increasing proportion in the higher SDI region. For Low SDI areas, attention should be paid to the environmental problems caused by industrial development.
Identification of the controlling factors for hydrological responses by artificial neural networks
Authors: Hao Ruo‐Nan , Xu Yue‐Ping , Chiang Yen‐Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdentifying the controlling factors for hydrological responses is of great importance for artificial neural network‐based flood forecasting models, which are often hindered by the lack of physical mechanisms. To explore the first‐order controlling factors of hydrograph patterns, a hybrid neural network was designed to analyse the impacts of potential driving variables with different temporal and spatial resolutions on hydrograph patterns. The Jinhua River Basin in Southeast China was used as an example in this study. Flood events with different hydrograph patterns and six external factors denoting potential controlling factors were individually classified into specific clusters using self‐organizing maps (SOMs). Based on the back‐propagation neural network (BPNN) and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation methods, the controlling factors of different flood patterns were identified by comparing the performances of flood simulation models trained with datasets before and after the potential controlling factor classification. The results showed that (i) the classification of controlling factors indicating various runoff regimes significantly improved the performance of data‐driven models in flood simulation in terms of correlation coefficient, Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient, and normalized root mean square error; (ii) the spatial distribution of antecedent soil moisture and vegetation conditions as well as the temporal distribution of rainfall dominated different hydrograph patterns; and (iii) the transition of dominant rainfall‐runoff processes could be identified in an individual flood event using the hybrid SOM–BPNN model, indicating the varying influence of potential controlling factors on streamflow. Overall, the hybrid neural network models trained with datasets classified by controlling factors provide a general analytical framework to identify the governing dynamics for different flood patterns and improve the accuracy of flood simulations. Additionally, more attention should be devoted to improving the time to peak error of hydrological models, which cannot be settled by data‐driven models trained with different data‐splitting strategies.
Underutilization of diagnostic assays for celiac disease in Korea
Authors: Choi Rihwa , Lee Sang Gon , Lee Eun Hee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTest utilization for the diagnosis of celiac disease may affect the prevalence and incidence of the disease in Korea. We aimed to investigate the test utilization of serological biomarkers for celiac disease in Korea.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the test utilization of tissue transglutaminase IgA, gliadin IgA and IgG, and endomysial IgA antibody (Ab) assays between January 2011 and June 2020.ResultsDuring a nine‐year‐and‐six‐month study period, overall 307,322,606 clinical tests were requested from different clinical settings, such as local clinics, hospitals, university hospitals, and tertiary medical centers. Among them, only 58 tissue transglutaminase IgA, 22 gliadin IgA, 12 gliadin IgG, and 16 endomysial IgA Ab tests were performed on 79 Korean patients. Among them, one patient had positive transglutaminase IgA Ab result (1.3%).ConclusionLow prevalence and incidence of celiac disease in Korea may be due to an underutilization of diagnostic assays.
Association of ANGPTL3 polymorphisms with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake capacity in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Aghasizadeh Malihe , Nosrati Mina , Saberi‐Karimian Maryam , Safarian Hamideh , Assadian Parisa , Akbarpour Ensieh , Sahebkar Amirhosein , Avan Amir , Ferns Gordon A. , Kazemi Tooba , Miri‐Moghaddam Ebrahim , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have shown the importance of angiopoietin‐like 3 (ANGPTL3) as a modulator of lipid profiles. Cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) is one means for assessing high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality. This study for the first time has investigated the relationship between genetic ANGPTL3 polymorphism and CUC in patients with cardiovascular disease.MethodsFive hundred three subjects comprising 350 healthy subjects and 153 individuals who developed a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event during follow‐up were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. A modified CUC method was used to determine the CUC of serum samples. Applied amplification refractory mutation system PCR was performed for ANGPTL3 variants genotyping including: rs10789117, rs1748195, and rs11207997. Sanger sequencing was applied to confirm the genotypes.ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant relationship between the rs1748195 genotypes and HDL concentration in the CVD group (p = 0.02). Moreover, individuals with a GG genotype of the rs1748195 were associated with a lower risk of CVD (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.24–0.98, p = 0.04) compared with CC genotype in the CUC ≤ 1.7 a.u subgroup. Moreover, the CT genotype of rs11207997 was associated with a lower risk of CVD (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.41–1.3, p = 0.01) compared with CC genotype in CUC > 1.7 a.u subgroup.ConclusionThe results showed that the CT genotype of the rs11207997 variant was associated with a lower risk of incident CVD in patients with higher HDL functionality. As well, the rs1748195 gene variant may contribute to a reduced risk of CVD.
The diagnostic protocol for hereditary spherocytosis‐2021 update
Authors: Wu Yangyang , Liao Lin , Lin Faquan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHereditary spherocytosis (HS), a commonly encountered hereditary hemolytic disease, is mostly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The clinical manifestations in patients with HS show obvious heterogeneity. Moreover, the sensitivity or specificity of some HS diagnostic tests are not ideal and may easily result in misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in some patients. The objective of this study was to propose a simple and practical diagnostic protocol, which can contribute to the diagnosis of HS and its differential diagnosis with different types of hemolytic anemia such as thalassemia (THAL), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, thus, to provide an alternative simple and reliable method for better clinical diagnosis of HS.MethodsThrough combing our research with existing experimental technologies and studies, we propose a simple and practical protocol for HS diagnosis, which will help clinicians to improve HS diagnosis.ResultsCompared with the existing HS diagnostic protocols, the HS diagnostic protocol we proposed is simpler. In this new protocol, some experimental tests with ideal diagnostic efficiency are added, such as mean reticulocyte volume (MRV), mean sphered cell volume (MSCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), in combination with the observation of clinical manifestations, family investigation, routine tests for hemolytic anemia, genetic testing, and other screening tests.ConclusionThe HS diagnostic protocol we proposed could improve the clinical practice and efficiency of HS diagnosis.
The change of gut microbiota‐derived short‐chain fatty acids in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhong Chenyu , Dai Zhiwei , Chai Lingxiong , Wu Lingping , Li Jianhui , Guo Weiying , Zhang Jie , Zhang Qun , Xue Congping , Lin Haixue , Luo Qun , Cai Kedan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies found the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), especially the decreased SCFA‐producing bacteria. We aimed to investigate the concentration of the stool and serum short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gut microbiota‐derived metabolites, in individuals with DKD and reveal the correlations between SCFAs and renal function.MethodsA total of 30 participants with DKD, 30 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and 30 normal controls (NC) in HwaMei Hospital were recruited from 1/1/2018 to 12/31/2019. Participants with DKD were divided into low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)(eGFR<60ml/min, n=14) and high eGFR (eGFR≥60ml/min, n=16) subgroups. Stool and serum were measured for SCFAs with gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometry.ResultsThe DKD group showed markedly lower levels of fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate versus NC (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.018, respectively) [1027.32(784.21–1357.90)]vs[2064.59(1561.82–2637.44)]μg/g,[929.53(493.65–1344.26)]vs[1684.57(1110.54–2324.69)]μg/g,[851.39(409.57–1611.65)] vs[1440.74(1004.15–2594.73)]μg/g, respectively, and the lowest fecal total SCFAs concentration among the groups. DKD group also had a lower serum caproate concentration than that with diabetes (p=0.020)[0.57(0.47–0.61)]vs[0.65(0.53–0.79)]μmol/L. In the univariate regression analysis, fecal and serum acetate correlated with eGFR (OR=1.013, p=0.072; OR=1.017, p=0.032). The correlation between serum total SCFAs and eGFR showed statistical significance (OR=1.019, p=0.024) unadjusted and a borderline significance (OR=1.024, p=0.063) when adjusted for Hb and LDL. The decrease in serum acetate and total SCFAs were found of borderline significant difference in both subgroups (p=0.055, p=0.050).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that in individuals with DKD, serum and fecal SCFAs levels (fecal level in particular) were lowered, and there was a negative correlation between SCFAs and renal function.
Perfect matchings in highly cyclically connected regular graphs
Authors: Lukoťka Robert , Rollová Edita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA leaf matching operation on a graph consists of removing a vertex of degree 1 together with its neighbour from the graph. Let be a ‐regular cyclically ‐edge‐connected graph of even order, where and . We prove that for any given set of edges, there is no 1‐factor of avoiding if and only if either an isolated vertex can be obtained by a series of leaf matching operations in , or has an independent set that contains more than half of the vertices of . To demonstrate how to check the conditions of the theorem we prove several statements on 2‐factors of cubic graphs. For , we prove that given a cyclically ‐edge‐connected cubic graph and three paths of length such that the distance between any two of them is at least , there is a 2‐factor of that contains one of the paths. We provide a similar statement for two paths when and . As a corollary we show that given a vertex in a cyclically 7‐edge‐connected cubic graph, there is a 2‐factor such that is in a circuit of length greater than 7.
ROBOT‐assisted pancreatoduodenectomy in 300 consecutive cases: Annual trend analysis and propensity score‐matched comparison of perioperative and long‐term oncologic outcomes with the open method
Authors: Kim Hyeong Seok , Kim Hongbeom , Han Youngmin , Lee Mirang , Kang Yoon Hyung , Sohn Hee Ju , Kang Jae Seung , Kwon Wooil , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeWe previously reported perioperative and oncologic outcomes of robot‐assisted pancreatoduodenectomy (RAPD); however, the follow‐up period in RAPD was relatively short, and disease‐matched survival analyses were lacking. Therefore, this study investigated time trends of perioperative and long‐term disease‐matched outcomes of RAPD.MethodsAnnual clinicopathologic outcomes of 328 patients with RAPD between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed and compared with 929 patients with open PD using the propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis based on postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) risk and oncologic variables in malignant patients.ResultsRobot‐assisted pancreatoduodenectomy cases increased from 10 (6.3%) in 2015 to 116 (50.2% of total PD) in 2020, with malignancy proportion increasing from 50.0% to 80.2%. POPF risk‐based PSM analysis showed that compared with open PD, RAPD had younger patients (63.7 vs 65.6 years, P = .018), longer operation time (339.1 vs 290.0 min, P < .001); however, estimated blood loss (P = .275), complications (17.1% vs 18.3%, P = .702), and clinically relevant POPF (9.8% vs 11.1%, P = .584) were similar with shorter postoperative hospital stay (10.8 vs 15.6 days, P < .001). In disease and stage‐matched malignant patients, R0 resection (93.9% vs 91.2%, P = .376), total retrieved lymph node (18.2 vs 19.9, P = .058), and 5‐year survival rate (57.3% vs 60.6%, P = .406) were similar between RAPD and open PD, also in pancreatic cancer patients (31.6% vs 26.3%, P = .068).ConclusionsRobot‐assisted pancreatoduodenectomy demonstrated similar perioperative outcomes with earlier recovery and equivalent long‐term survival with open PD. RAPD is safe and feasible for periampullary lesions, including pancreatic cancers, and its role will expand in the era of minimally invasive surgery.