bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion characteristics of plasma spray, arc spray, high velocity oxygen fuel, and diamond jet coated 30MnB5 boron alloyed steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution
Authors: Güney Bekir , Dilay Yusuf , Solomon Moses M. , Gerengi Hüsnü , Özkan Adem , Yıldız Mesut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
30MnB5 boron alloyed steel surface is coated using different coating techniques, namely 60(Ni-15Cr-4.4Si-3.5Fe-3.2B 0.7C)-40(WC 12Co) metallic powder plasma spray, Fe-28Cr-5C-1Mn alloy wire arc spray, WC-10Co-4Cr (thick) powder high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF), and WC-10Co-4Cr (fine) diamond jet HVOF. The microstructure of the crude steel sample consists of ferrite and pearlite matrices and iron carbide structures. The intermediate binders are well bonded to the substrate for all coated surfaces. The arc spray coated surface shows the formation of lamellae. The cross-section of HVOF and diamond jet HVOF coated surfaces indicates the formation of WC, W2C Cr, and W parent matrix carbide structures. The corrosion characteristic of the coated steel has been investigated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) techniques. The results reveal that the steel corroded in the medium despite the coatings. However, the extent of corrosion varies. HVOF coated sample demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance while arc spray coated sample exhibited the least. EDAX mapping reveals that the elements in the coatings corroded in the order of their standard electrode potential (SEP). Higher corrosion resistance of HVOF coated sample is linked to the low SEP of tungsten.
Virgin coconut oil abrogates depression-associated cognitive deficits by modulating hippocampal antioxidant balance, GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors in mice
Authors: Edem Edem Ekpenyong , Ihaza Blessing Eghosa , Fafure Adedamola Adediran , Ishola Azeez Olakunle , Nebo Kate Eberechukwu , Enye Linus Anderson , Akinluyi Elizabeth Toyin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
GABA and glutamate neurotransmission play critical roles in both the neurobiology of depression and cognition; and Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is reported to support brain health. The present study investigated the effect of VCO on depression-associated cognitive deficits in mice.

Methods
Thirty male mice divided into five groups were either exposed to chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) protocol for 28 days or pre-treated with 3 mL/kg b. wt. of VCO for 21 days or post-treated with 3 mL/kg b. wt. of VCO for 21 days following 28 days of CUMS exposure. Mice were subjected to behavioural assessments for depressive-like behaviours and short-term memory, and thereafter euthanised. Hippocampal tissue was dissected from the harvested whole brain for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations.

Results
Our results showed that CUMS exposure produced depressive-like behaviours, cognitive deficits and altered hippocampal redox balance. However, treatment with VCO abrogated depression-associated cognitive impairment, and enhanced hippocampal antioxidant concentration. Furthermore, immunohistochemical evaluation revealed significant improvement in GABAA and mGluR1a immunoreactivity following treatment with VCO in the depressed mice.

Conclusions
Therefore, findings from this study support the dietary application of VCO to enhance neural resilience in patients with depression and related disorders.
A call to action: next steps to advance diagnosis education in the health professions
Authors: Graber Mark L. , Holmboe Eric , Stanley Joan , Danielson Jennifer , Schoenbaum Stephen , Olson Andrew P.J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Improving diagnosis-related education in the health professions has great potential to improve the quality and safety of diagnosis in practice. Twelve key diagnostic competencies have been delineated through a previous initiative. The objective of this project was to identify the next steps necessary for these to be incorporated broadly in education and training across the health professions.

Methods
We focused on medicine, nursing, and pharmacy as examples. A literature review was conducted to survey the state of diagnosis education in these fields, and a consensus group was convened to specify next steps, using formal approaches to rank suggestions.

Results
The literature review confirmed initial but insufficient progress towards addressing diagnosis-related education. By consensus, we identified the next steps necessary to advance diagnosis education, and five required elements relevant to every profession: 1) Developing a shared, common language for diagnosis, 2) developing the necessary content, 3) developing assessment tools, 4) promoting faculty development, and 5) spreading awareness of the need to improve education in regard to diagnosis.

Conclusions
The primary stakeholders, representing education, certification, accreditation, and licensure, in each profession must now take action in their own areas to encourage, promote, and enable improved diagnosis, and move these recommendations forward.
Synthesis of NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw material
Authors: Kareeva Anar , Besterekov Uilesbek , Abdurazova Perizat , Nazarbek Ulzhalgas , Pochitalkina Irina , Raiymbekov Yerkebulan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of the process of obtaining NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw materials with P2O5 of about 18%. Phosphate raw materials were leached with a mixture of nitric-phosphoric acids with the addition of potassium carbonate, which serves as a source of potassium in the final product. The main parameters determined were the content of the main nutrients P2O5:N:K2O, temperature and time of the leaching process. According to the graphical method, the “apparent” activation energy of the heterogeneous process is found, which is equal to 3.8 kJ/mol indicates the intradiffusion nature of the process. Methods of chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and XRD analysis were used for a comprehensive study of raw materials and final products.
Numerical scheme and analytical solutions to the stochastic nonlinear advection diffusion dynamical model
Authors: Yasin Muhammad W. , Iqbal Muhammad S. , Seadawy Aly R. , Baber Muhammad Z. , Younis Muhammad , Rizvi Syed T. R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, we give the numerical scheme to the stochastic nonlinear advection diffusion equation. This models is considered with white noise (or random process) having same intensity by changing frequencies. Furthermore, the stability and consistency of proposed scheme are also discussed. Moreover, it is concerned about the analytical solutions, the Riccati equation mapping method is adopted. The different families of single (shock and singular) and mixed (complex solitary-shock, shock-singular, and double-singular) form solutions are obtained with the different choices of free parameters. The graphical behavior of solutions is also depicted in 3D and corresponding contours.
Israel Kirzner’s Presence in the History of Economic Thought: A Review of His Professional Engagement in Honor of His 91 Years
Authors: Casonato Lucas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the presence of Israel Kirzner in the History of Economic Thought and focusing on his professional engagement with other economists. His academic trajectory is contextualized on three milestones of the recent history of the Austrian School. The first one is the ending of the socialist economic calculation debate, when the Austrian was considered unconvincing due to the economics’ shift to a general equilibrium model of the economy; in the aftermath of the debate, Kirzner entered at the New York University’s PhD program and was mentored by Ludwig von Mises. At this point, Kirzner started to develop his ideas on entrepreneurship and to aim an audience wider than his Austrian peers. The second is the Austrian Revival in the 1970s, in which the prestigious recovery stage of the Austrian School, thanks to Kirzner assuming a leadership role in the process. The third is in the 1980s, when a more consolidated Austrian School attempts to define itself, as Kirzner retains an Austrian vision founded on the synthesis between Mises and Hayek. It is concluded that Kirzner’s professional engagement was fundamental in the recovery of Austrian theory. He communicated Austrian ideas to a wider audience and synthetized Misesian and Hayekian proposals on the market process. These efforts allow us to recognize a Kirznerian view of the Austrian School, established with the traditional microeconomic theory, but including greater subjectivity on the interpretation of economic phenomena, becoming a more general, more realistic theory.
Unique continuation property of solutions to general second order elliptic systems
Authors: Honda Naofumi , Lin Ching-Lung , Nakamura Gen , Sasayama Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper concerns the weak unique continuation property of solutions of a general system of differential equation/inequality with a second order strongly elliptic system as its leading part.
We put not only some natural assumptions which we call basic assumptions, but also some technical assumptions which we call further assumptions.
It is shown as usual by first applying the Holmgren transform to this equation/inequality and then establishing a Carleman estimate for the leading part of the transformed inequality.
The Carleman estimate is given via a partition of unity and the Carleman estimate for the operator with constant coefficients obtained by freezing the coefficients of the transformed leading part at a point.
A little more details about this are as follows.
Factorize this operator with constant coefficients into two first order differential operators.
Conjugate each factor by a Carleman weight, and derive an estimate which is uniform with respect to the point at which we froze the coefficients for each conjugated factor by constructing a parametrix for its adjoint operator.
FSO performance analysis of a metro city in different atmospheric conditions
Authors: Giri Rajat Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, a free-space-optics (FSO) model for a metro city based on real-time visibility data under different weather conditions is presented. Here, the relation between atmospheric attenuation and visibility value and its impact on the FSO performance is carried out. Also, the hybrid-SIM modulation technique is applied for the bit error rate (BER) improvement of the system. Here, Bhubaneswar (the capital of Odisha, India) is considered for the above analysis. The total attenuation, BER, and link margin are calculated for the FSO performance evaluation of Bhubaneswar city and these are simulated using Matlab. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid-SIM modulation technique achieves about 2.9 dB of SNR improvement than the existing BPSK-SIM technique. Also, from the link margin analysis, it is observed that the sunny day is the most suitable for FSO link transmission. These results can be helpful to decide the FSO parameters and the FSO setup can be designed for any city.
Outcomes from birth to 6 months of publicly insured infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the United States
Authors: Schuh Tina L. , Mithal Leena B. , Naureckas Sara , Miller Emily S. , Garfield Craig F. , Shah Malika D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluated inpatient management, transition to home, breastfeeding, growth, and clinical outcomes of infants born to mothers diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and followed in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC), that serves a diverse and low-income patient population, from birth through 6 months of life.

Methods
Infants born between 4/3/20 and 7/26/20 at Prentice Women’s Hospital with mothers who received prenatal care at Erie Family Health Center (Erie), the second largest FQHC in Illinois, and had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy were included. Data were abstracted from delivery hospital admission and outpatient follow-up appointments between 4/8/20 and 2/4/21.

Results
Thirty-three infants met inclusion criteria. Average gestational age was 38.9 weeks (IQR 37.6–40.4), 3 (10%) were premature and 5 (15%) required NICU admission. Nearly all (97%) mothers expressed intent to breastfeed. Outpatient follow-up rates were similar to historical cohorts and 82% (23/28) of infants were vaccination compliant. Growth parameters showed normal distributions at all time points. At 6 months, any and exclusive breast milk feeding rates were lower compared to historic cohorts (18 vs. 36%, p<0.05, 0 vs. 21%, p<0.01). Three infants (10%) received development-related referrals, one carried an underlying genetic diagnosis. Outpatient visits were predominantly face-to-face with telemedicine use comprising only 6% of visits (11/182).

Conclusions
Longitudinal follow-up of 33 publicly insured infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy followed in an FQHC showed high rates of follow-up and vaccination compliance, normal growth patterns and reassuring clinical status, and lower than expected rates of breastfeeding.
Adverse perinatal outcomes following the prenatal diagnosis of isolated single umbilical artery in singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dagklis Themistoklis , Siargkas Antonios , Apostolopoulou Aikaterini , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Sotiriadis Alexandros 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively synthesize the current evidence on the association of prenatally diagnosed isolated single umbilical artery (iSUA) in singleton pregnancies with small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and other perinatal outcomes.

Methods
A search of PubMed/Medline, Scopus and The Cochrane Library was conducted, from inception to February 2021, in order to identify studies comparing the risk of SGA and other perinatal adverse outcomes in prenatally diagnosed iSUA singleton pregnancies vs. those with a 3-vessel cord (3VC). The quality of eligible studies was assessed according to the improved Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). The heterogeneity of results across the studies was tested using the I2 test. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to assess the possibility of publication bias. Prospero RN: CRD42020182586.

Results
The electronic search identified 7,605 studies, of which 11 were selected, including three retrospective cohort and eight retrospective case control studies, overall reporting on 1,533 iSUA cases. The risk of delivering SGA neonates was increased in cases with iSUA (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.02–4.18; p<0.00001; I2=71%). Similarly, iSUA was associated with an increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.41–3.54; p<0.000; I2=1%), intrauterine death (IUD) (OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.43–4.79; p=0.002; I2=0%), preterm birth (PTB) (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.73–3.56; p<0.00001; I2=56%), cesarean section (CS) (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.11–2.41; p=0.01; I2=78%) and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.52–3.44; p<0.000001; I2=73%).

Conclusions
In prenatally diagnosed iSUA there is a higher risk of SGA, PIH, IUD, PTB, CS and NICU admission. These findings support the value of prenatal diagnosis of iSUA, which may subsequently intensify surveillance for the detection of specific pregnancy complications.
Analysis of prevalence and sociodemographic conditions among women in labor with and without COVID-19 in public hospitals in Chile
Authors: Vera von Bargen Helga , Espinosa Serrano María , Martin Navarrete Daniel , Ahumada Droguett Paz , Méndez Benavente Carolina , Flores Castillo Mónica , Ramírez González Natalia , Ulloa Contador Gabriela , López Aceiton Marcia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues wreaking worldwide havoc on health and between March and August 2020, the first outbreak of COVID-19 hit Chile. The pregnant population is especially vulnerable to infection. Studies have been published that associate socioeconomic status, overcrowding, and poverty with a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are few studies about the development of this pandemic in Latin American countries so far. This study seeks to show the prevalence and sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics in pregnant women at the time of delivery, comparing both groups with positive and negative COVID-19 PCR results.

Methods
A prospective, cross-sectional study of pregnant women who delivered at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Santiago between April 15, 2020 and June 15, 2020. Analysis of epidemiological, sociodemographic, obstetric, perinatal and sociodemographic data of patients with positive and negative COVID-19 PCR results.

Results
There were 701 patients included in the study. The prevalence of those with a positive COVID-19 PCR was 9.7% and 67.7% being asymptomatic. Pre-term delivery was significantly higher in the group of positive patients (23.5%) vs. negative patients (8.7%), which was not the same rate as with cesarean sections (C-sections). A 13.2% of patients required management of the pathology in the Critical Care Unit (CCU) and there were no cases of maternal or fetal deaths. We found no significant difference between both groups when analyzing socioeconomic variables, though we noted a trend of greater overcrowding among the group of patients with infection.

Conclusions
The majority of pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are asymptomatic. COVID-19 increases the rate of premature births, but this rate is not same with C-sections. Sociodemographic conditions and overcrowding do not show a higher infection rate in a homogeneous population in relation to the economic, social and demographic level.
High frequency band limits in spectral analysis of heart rate variability in preterm infants
Authors: Israeli-Mendlovic Hadas , Mendlovic Joseph , Zuk Luba , Katz-Leurer Michal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The current study aims to assess different high-frequency (HF) band power calculations based on different frequency bandwidth values, and compare them with the time domain the root mean square of successive RR differences (RMSSD) value in preterm infants.

Methods
At week 32, electrocardiogram (ECG) and breathing rate (BR) were recorded for 24 h on 30 preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks. The recording held in the neonatal intensive care unit without any interruption of routine.

Results
The median 24 h BR was 40–78 breaths per minute. The RMSSD was highly and positively correlated with frequency bands that were based on each preterms BR range, or on a constant frequency with band limits of 0.4–2 Hz.

Conclusions
At week 32, HF band Hz limits should be calculated based on each child’s breathing rate, generally between 0.4 and 2 Hz.
Healthcare workers’ attitudes about vaccination of pregnant women and those wishing to become pregnant
Authors: Daskalakis George , Pergialiotis Vasilios , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Theodora Marianna , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Rodolakis Alexandros 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We designed an electronic query that was distributed to healthcare workers in order to evaluate their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination of women that wish to conceive and those that are pregnant.

Methods
An electronic survey was designed and distributed through a network of 5.654 e-mails. The query was uploaded in Google Forms.

Results
Overall, 1,226 answers were retrieved. Ninety percent of respondents replied that they prescribe COVID-19 vaccination in women that wish to conceive, however, the rate falls to 80% for those that have schedules for imminent artificial reproductive techniques. Approximately 1 in 2 physicians (obstetricians and pediatricians) suggests that a delay in assisted reproduction following immunization is not recommended. At least 13% of women of reproductive age and 30% of women wishing to conceive with ART declined to do so according to respondents, report. Only 75% of respondents favored immunization during pregnancy and of those 48% responded that vaccination could be done in all trimesters of pregnancy. Approximately 40% of women decline; however, to receive vaccination.

Conclusions
Despite the directions provided by international organizations; physician and patient hesitancy towards vaccination during pregnancy (and particularly the first trimester) remains an issue that deserves further attention.
Digital toolbox for vector field characterization
Authors: Singh Keshaan , Dudley Angela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vectorial structured light fields have displayed properties advantageous in many disciplines ranging from communications, microscopy and metrology to laser cutting and characterizing quantum channels. The generation of these fields has been made convenient through the implementation of nanophotonic metasurfaces amongst other static and digital techniques. Consequently, the detection and characterisation of these fields is of equal importance. Most existing techniques involve using separate polarization optics and correlation filters to perform the projective measurements – or are only able to perform such measurements on a subset of possible vector states. We present a compact, fully automated measurement technique based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), which facilitates the complete, local and global, characterisation of the spatial mode and polarization degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) for arbitrary vectorial fields. We demonstrate our approach through the identification of relevant hybrid-order Poincaré spheres, the reconstruction of state vectors on these spheres, as well as the recovery of the non-separability and states-of-polarization for a variety of vector beams.
Cones with a three-fold symmetry constructed from three hydrogen bonded theophyllinium cations that coat [FeCl4]− anions in the crystal structure of tris(theophyllinium) bis(tetrachloridoferrate(III)) chloride trihydrate, C21H33Cl9Fe2N12O9
Authors: Reiss Guido J. , Wyshusek Maik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
C21H33Cl9Fe2N12O9, trigonal,

R

3
‾

$R\overline{3}$

(no. 148), a = 13.1897(3) Å, c = 39.5222(9) Å, Z = 6, V = 5954.4(3) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0255, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0743, T = 120 K.
Flammability and physical stability of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch/poly(lactic acid) blend bionanocomposites
Authors: Nazrin Asmawi , Sapuan Salit Mohd , Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff Mohd , Tawakkal Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin , Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose (SPCNC)-reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS) was blended with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in order to prioritize the biodegradation feature while offsetting individual polymer limitation. Prior to melt blending process, SPCNC was dispersed through sonication in advance of starch gelatinization which was later casted into petri dishes. PLA and TPS were melt blended into five different ratios using Brabender mixer followed by compression molding. Soil degradation (4 months) and water uptake (4 weeks) tests were conducted to evaluate the physical stability of PLA/TPS blend bionanocomposites. Based on Fickian law, the diffusion curve and coefficient of diffusion for seawater, river water, and sewer water were calculated. The flammability and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D635 and ASTM D2863, respectively. For PLA60TPS40 (40% TPS), significant reduction (46–69%) was recorded in maximum water uptake in all mediums, while soil degradation rate experienced insignificant increment (7.92%) for PLA70TPS30 (30% TPS) owing to the reinforcement of SPCNC through the well-dispersed TPS within PLA. Meanwhile, the flammability rates and LOI values for PLA40TPS60 and PLA60TPS40 indicated flammable material properties.