bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Modeling and Mechanical Evaluation of Anteversion in Femur and Femoral Prosthesis
Authors: Arafati Nader , Lazennec Jean Yves , Ohayon Roger , Saillant Gérard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We studied the mechanical effects of anteversion of hip prosthesis, using a geometrical model of the femoral bone derived from computed tomography sections.
Linear elastic mechanical behavior was assumed for both cortical and trabecular bone. The results of finite element modeling were studied qualitatively. Stress distribution was evaluated during one-legged stance loading of models with various degrees of anteversion.
The undeniable impact of anteversion raises questions about the interpretation of bone remodeling. Anteversion modifies mechanical stresses, most notably those through the femoral shaft; they are rotated around the vertical axis in the same direction as the anteversion.
Changes in Von Mises stresses were larger than changes in longitudinal stresses, suggesting that anteversion may have a more significant impact on shear stresses, which may cause failure at the prosthesis-cement interface, particularly toward the middle of the femoral shaft.
Optimal Filtering to Improve Performance in Hard Disk Drives: Experimental Results
Authors: Magee David P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Both minimum and nonminimum phase resonances can be found in the model of a hard disk drive actuator. The mechanism has been designed so that most of the resonant frequencies reside above the Nyquist rate of the sampled data control system. These resonances are often not excited until the demands for better system performance require a higher bandwidth controller. But once these resonances are excited, it is important to understand how these resonances alias in the discrete time control system so that effective compensation algorithms can be developed. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how nonminimum phase resonances alias in a sampled data control system and to design an optimal filtering algorithm that reduces their effect on the overall system performance. This paper will address these issues and demonstrate how resonances can be overcome which can eventually lead to improved hard disk drive performance.
Input Vector Identification and System Model Construction by Average Mutual Information
Authors: Deignan Paul B. , Meckl Peter H. , Franchek Matthew A. , Jaliwala Salim A. , Zhu George G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A methodology for the intelligent, model-independent selection of an appropriate set of input signals for the system identification of an unknown process is demonstrated. In modeling this process, it is shown that the terms of a simple nonlinear polynomial model may also be determined through the analysis of the average mutual information between inputs and the output. Average mutual information can be thought of as a nonlinear correlation coefficient and can be calculated from input/output data alone. The methodology described here is especially applicable to the development of virtual sensors.
A New Optimization Strategy for Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process
Authors: Wang Gou-Jen , Chen Jau-Liang , Hwang Ju-Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a systematic approach to achieve global optimum CMP process is carried out. In this new approach, orthogonal array technique adopted from the Taguchi method is used for efficient experiment design. The neural network (NN) technique is then applied to model the complex CMP process. Signal to Noise Ratio (S/N) Analysis (ANOVA) technique used in the conventional Taguchi method is also implemented to obtain the local optimum process parameters. Successively, the global optimum parameters are acquired in terms of the trained neural network. In order to increase the CMP throughput, a two-stage optimal strategy is also proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the two-stage strategy can perform better then the original approach even though the polishing time is reduced by 1/6.
Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control of a Variable Geometry Manipulator: Experimental Investigation
Authors: Choi J. , de Silva C. W. , Modi V. J. , Misra A. K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses a robust and knowledge-based control approach for multi-link robot manipulator systems. Based on the concepts of sliding-mode control and fuzzy logic control (FLC), a fuzzy sliding-mode controller has been developed in previous work. This controller possesses good robustness properties of sliding-mode control and the flexibility and ‘intelligent’ capabilities of knowledge-based control through the use of fuzzy logic. This paper presents experimental studies with fuzzy sliding-mode control as well as conventional sliding-mode control. The results show that the tracking error is guaranteed to converge to a specification in the presence of uncertainties. The performance of the fuzzy sliding-mode controller is found to be somewhat better than that of the conventional sliding-mode controller.
Hybrid Control for Thermoacoustic Instabilities
Authors: Haddad Wassim M. , Chellaboina VijaySekhar , Kablar Nataša A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The complex interactions between acoustics and unsteady combustion is the driving energy mechanism for transmuting self-excited pressure and velocity oscillations in combustion systems. These oscillations, known as thermoacoustic instabilities, can have adverse effects on system performance. In this paper we propose an energy flow resetting control architecture as a means for achieving enhanced energy dissipation in combustion systems. The overall framework is based on a hybrid controller architecture wherein the closed-loop dynamical system is characterized by impulsive differential equations. The proposed framework is used to design high-performance hybrid controllers for suppressing thermoacoustic oscillations in combustion chambers by efficiently dissipating modal system energy.
Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems Using Quasi-Linear Models
Authors: Kiriakidis Kiriakos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Unconventional nonlinear models such as nonlinear ARMAX, Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models, global linearizations, and linear hybrid systems are, at the highest level of abstraction, a sort of quasi-linear models, namely, Polytopic Linear Differential Inclusions (PLDIs). At present, quadratic stability has enabled, mainly via linear matrix inequalities, the analysis and design of a nonlinear system from the vertex matrices of its PLDI model. Proving stability by a globally quadratic Lyapunov function, however, entails conservatism. This paper proposes a less conservative framework by using piecewise-quadratic generalized Lyapunov functions. Further manipulation of the problem within such framework yields a set of bilinear rather than linear matrix inequalities.
A First Principle Engine Model for Up-Front Design
Authors: Ma Zheng-Dong , Perkins N. C. , Hwang Sheng-Jiaw 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Computer-aided engineering is traditionally employed to evaluate existing engine designs or very mature designs for which detailed design information exists. The analyses are performed to validate and fine tune one design rather than exploring widely differing design concepts. Thus, these analyses are often performed only after a significant commitment has been made to a particular engine design. Computer-aided engineering, however, also has the potential for providing estimates of engine performance at the very onset of the engine design cycle. Such up-front estimates may then be used to lead the design process and to allow conceptually different engine designs to be quickly assessed. For instance, up-front estimates of engine vibration and forces transmitted through engine mounts would support target cascading of engine related noise and vibration requirements at the onset of the design cycle.
The objective of this paper is to review the formulation of a simulation tool to support up-front engine design for noise and vibration. This tool provides estimates of important engine noise and vibration measures based only upon a conceptual engine design. Major components of the engine model include a rigid engine block, a flexible crankshaft with hydrodynamic bearings, torsional and bending modes, and nonlinear (frequency/load dependent) engine mounts. The formulation of this model is detailed herein and sample results are reviewed for one engine design.
Direct Insertion Realization of Nonlinear Modular Models of Engineering Systems Using a Fixed Input-Output Structure
Authors: Byam Brooks P. , Radcliffe Clark J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Computer modeling of engineering systems with a large number of interconnected multi degree of freedom (DOF) subsystems requires flexible modeling tools. Flexible modeling tools with arbitrary input-output structure formulate equations to fit the input-output structure of specific engineering systems at the cost of globally reformulating equations with every model change. Each equation formulation requires performance verification. This can be particularly cumbersome in large models. In previous work Byam and Radcliffe [1] designed modular modeling, a flexible modeling method that eliminates equation reformulation and enhances experimental model performance verification in large models. A fixed input-output structure for all multi DOF modular modeling elements eliminates equation reformulation. The cost is a connector to assemble elements adding complexity to the global model. Modular modeling analysis is a systematic realization of compatible standardized modular elements and connectors. Structural and automotive examples are given.
Alternative Causality Assignment Procedures in Bond Graph Language
Authors: Marquis-Favre Wilfrid , Scavarda Serge 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes to extend this set of causality assignment procedures. The proposed alternative procedures are mainly inspired by formulations developed in the mechanical domain. They enable Lagrange equations, Hamilton equations and Boltzmann-Hamel equations, as well as formulations with the Lagrange multipliers, to be obtained.
After a brief introduction of bond graphs and the causality concept, section 2 presents the three initial procedures (SCAP, LCAP, RCAP) with their modified versions (MSCAP, MLCAP, MRCAP). Section 3 goes through the alternative proposed procedures in detail. Section 4 deals with examples for the application of the alternative procedures proposed. Finally the conclusion shows the important features of such alternative causality assignment procedures on the use of bond graph language.
Compliant Transmissions: Design Methods and Applications
Authors: Kota Sridhar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper provides an overview of systematic design procedures and applications of compliant transmissions, which rely on elastic deformation to achieve, intended motion/force transmission function. The mechanisms described in this paper have compliance distributed throughout the structure without employing flexural hinges. Stroke-amplification mechanisms integrated with electrostatic linear actuators and thermal actuators in MEMS domain, and piezoceramic actuators ate illustrated as some of the applications of single-piece compliant transmissions. Additionally the concept of distributed compliance is illustrated with applications to shape-changing structures such as adaptive airfoils.
Dynamics of a Self-Propelling Wheel With Three Eccentric Masses
Authors: Das Tuhin K. , Mukherjee Ranjan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamics of a rolling disk with three unbalance masses that can slide along radial spokes equispaced in angular orientation. The objective is to design trajectories for the masses that satisfy physical constraints and enable the disk to accelerate or move with constant velocity. The disk is designed to remain vertically upright and is constrained to move along a straight line. We design trajectories for constant acceleration through detailed analysis using a dynamic model. The analysis considers two separate cases; one where the potential energy of the system is conserved, and the other where it continually varies. Whereas trajectories conserving potential energy are limacons, the variable potential energy trajectories are the most general and allow greater acceleration. Following the strategy for constant acceleration maneuvers, we give a simple approach to tracking an acceleration profile and provide simulation results.
A Model-Based Control of Flexible-Joint Flexible-Link Robots Based on a V-Shape Lyapunov Function
Authors: Lee Ho-Hoon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a model-based control of flexible-joint flexible-link robots based on a V-shape Lyapunov function. The proposed control solves the control problems of the joint and link flexibility simultaneously and is not restricted by the degree of the flexibility. The proposed control guarantees the global asymptotic stability for the position and velocity control of the links and joints with all internal signals bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed control has been shown by computer simulation.
Motor Strategies and Perceptual Resolution
Authors: Jones Lynette A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The focus of this research is on the motor strategies used by subjects to perceive force and viscosity and to determine the relation between these strategies and perceptual performance. In the present experiments the forces and movements made by subjects were recorded as they judged the viscosity of an electro-mechanical system by moving their forearm. Computer-controlled viscous forces were presented to subjects and differential thresholds were measured using an adaptive two-alternative forced-choice psychophysical technique. The threshold averaged 19% across subjects and ranged from 0.11 to 0.29. It was found that subjects were highly consistent in the movement and force profiles adopted to perceive viscosity and stiffness, using a limited range of motion in both experimental systems and perturbing the devices with rapidly changing movements and forces. Moreover, there were consistent differences between subjects in the variability of the forces and velocities produced that were associated with superior perceptual performance. These findings attest to the importance of having adequate bandwidth for presenting object properties realistically in a haptic display.
Implications of Haptic Interface Force Saturation on the Haptic Display of Detail
Authors: Kilchenman Marcia , Goldfarb Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effects of force magnitude on human perception of size in a stylus-type haptic simulation are presented. Identification by size of ridges with both square and round cross-sections was studied while controlling the maximum level of force displayed by the haptic device. Test results indicate that performance, measured as a percent correct score in the identification experiments, improves as the maximum allowable level of force in the simulation increases. However, all test subjects reached a limit in their perception capabilities before reaching the maximum force output capabilities of the haptic interface hardware used in this research. This characteristic indicates that haptic interface hardware may be able to convey sufficient perceptual information to the user with relatively low levels of force feedback. The data is compiled to aid those who wish to design a haptic interface to meet certain requirements for physical detail within a haptic simulation.
Virtual Three Legged Race Using Networked Locomotion Interfaces
Authors: Noma Haruo , Nakaizumi Fumitaka , Yano Hiroaki , Miyasato Tsutomu , Iwata Hiroo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Our focus is on communications while walking together. When we walk together with another person, we sometimes find that our steps are synchronized. In addition, if we stop suddenly or quicken our pace while walking together, we change the subject with the motion as a trigger. In a group tour, moreover, although each member may intend to behave independently, the whole party moves together with no specific communications or rules among the members. In these cases, we suppose that people can perceive their partner’s motions and react to these motions unconsciously. Consciously, they do other complicated tasks such as talk, observe something and so on.
Damping Characteristics of Laminated Composite Beam With Multi-Separated Adhesive Cores
Authors: Dewa Hiromi , Sasaki Ryohko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The laminated composite steel sheets bonded by the structural adhesive are widely used as vibration damping structure members. These sheets are bonded in the full face in the usual application. The damping characteristics of these sheets are expected to improve, if the adhesive core are multi-separated, by increasing the strain energy dissipation at each edge of the core separated.
In this report, the damping characteristics of a five-layer composite beam with fixed end, in which adhesive core layers are separated equally, are evaluated by strain energy analysis. The results reveal that the damping characteristics of the beam with such treatment increase 50 ∼ 100% in comparison with the non-separated ones except for the adhesive with extremely small modulus of rigidity. We also show that there exist an effective number of separation. Furthermore, the damping characteristics of the beam which core layers are separated optimally are improved more than those with the cores separated equally. These analytical results are verified by means of an impact test.
Elasto-Plastic Finite Element Stress Analysis of Thermoplastic-Matrix Symmetric Cross-Ply Plates With Square Hole
Authors: Arslan Nurettin , Turgut Aydın , Sancaktar Erol 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, elasto-plastic stress analysis of symmetric cross-ply reinforced thermoplastic (PVC) matrix composite laminated plates with square hole is presented. A two-dimensional computer program is developed for elasto-plastic stress analysis of laminated plates by FEM. The thermoplastic matrix is reinforced using long stainless steel fibers. The composite plates are manufactured by using molds under the action of 2 MPa pressure, and heating up to 200 °C. The laminated plate with square hole consists of four reinforced layers bonded symmetrically in ([θ/-θ]2) cross-ply configuration. A first–order shear deformation theory, and nine node Lagrangian finite element method are used in analysis. The applied in-plane load, and the layer orientation angle are varied to obtain the corresponding variation of residual stresses, and the expansions of plastic regions for various cases.
Effect of Interface Damage on Fatigue Crack Growth for SiC Fiber-Reinforced Ti-15-3 Matrix Composite
Authors: Tanaka Yoshihisa , Liu Yu-Fu , Masuda Chitoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The fatigue crack growth behavior in SiC (SCS-6) fiber reinforced Ti-15-3 matrix alloy composite subjected to a constant tension-tension loading mode was studied using single edge specimen in 2 × 10−3 Pa vacuum at 293 and 823K, with a frequency of 2 Hz, and a stress ratio of R = 0.1. Direct measurement of the fatigue crack length, and the crack opening displacement along the crack wake during the test were carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The increase in the test temperature was found to lead to a decrease in the fatigue crack growth rate. The degradation of bridging fibers in the crack wake was severe for T = 293K, and this behavior was dependent of the test temperature. Fine particle-like debris was found on the fracture surface in the region of crack propagation in specimens tested at T = 823K. This is thought to be caused by the interface wear behavior. The crack opening displacement along the crack wake tested at T = 823K decreased with increasing crack length, and this tendency is dependent on the applied stress range. The associated increase in the crack tip shielding is explained on the basis of the crack closure due to the matrix relaxation by fatigue creep and the interface wear behavior.
Strength Simulation of Woven Fabric Composite Materials With Material Nonlinearity Using Micromechanics Based Model
Authors: Tabiei A. , Song G. , Jiang Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of the current investigation is to predict failure strength of woven composites, which considers the two-dimensional extent of woven fabric, based on micro-mechanics. The formulation has an interface with nonlinear finite element codes. At each load increment, global stresses and strains are communicated to the representative cell and subsequently distributed to each subcell. Once stresses and strains are associated to a subcell they can be distributed to each constituent of the subcell (i.e. fill, warp, and resin). Consequently micro-failure criteria (MFC) are defined for each constituents of a subcell and the proper stiffness degradation is modeled. Different stages of failure such as warp transverse failure, fill transverse failure, failure of pure matrix in longitudinal and shear, shear failure in fill and warp, and fiber in fill and warp in longitudinal tension are considered. Good correlation is observed between the predicted and the experimental results presented in the published literature. This material model is suitable for implicit failure analysis under static loads and is being modified for explicit finite element codes to deal with problems such as crashworthiness and impact.
Finite Element Analysis of a Test Specimen for Adhesion of Bone Cement to Steel Implants
Authors: Chhabra Nitin , Nicholson David W. , Chew Larry , Desai Vimal , Raab Simon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stable fixation of an orthopaedic implant to bone cement is critical to long term stability and durability in joint replacement. Poor interfacial bonding between metal and bone cement also leads to the formation of a nonadherent fibrous capsule in both soft and hard tissues, which can result in micromovement at the implant-tissue interface and ultimate failure of the implant. It is believed that some of the difficulties encountered by metallic implant devices can be reduced by the use of bioactive materials on the implant surface. In the current study MMA/HEMA coating, at a nominal thickness of 2mm, is present at the bone cement-metal interface. The MMA/HEMA coating is in the development stage. The goals of the present study are to assess the strength of the adhesive bond under loading and to assess its effectiveness with respect to increasing the osteoconductivity of the implant.
Modelling of Mechanically Regulated Tissue Formation Around Bone-Interfacing Implants
Authors: Simmons Craig A. , Meguid Shaker A. , Pilliar Robert M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The clinical success of bone-interfacing orthopaedic and dental implants is dependent on adequate fixation of the implant by mechanical interlock with ingrown bone tissue (i.e., functional osseointegration). The rate and reliability with which osseointegration is achieved are influenced by a number of factors, including the surface geometry of the implant (Thomas and Cook, 1985; Simmons et al., 1999). However, the mechanisms by which implant surface geometry influences initial bone formation remain unresolved. Identifying the factors that allow bone-interfacing implants to osseointegrate more rapidly and reliably should lead to improvements in their use and design.
Core Technologies for the Enabling of Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nerem Robert M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is a new, emerging area of technology which has the potential to revolutionize the medical implant industry. This is tissue engineering or what I call the engineering of living tissues. The definition of this new, emerging area is the development of biological substitutes and/or the fostering of remodeling and regeneration, with the purpose being to replace, repair, maintain, and/or enhance tissue function.