bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donation after circulatory death is associated with increased fibrosis on 1‐year post‐transplant kidney allograft surveillance biopsy
Authors: van der Windt Dirk J. , Mehta Rajil , Jorgensen Dana R. , Hariharan Sundaram , Randhawa Parmjeet S. , Sood Puneet , Molinari Michele , Wijkstrom Martin , Ganoza Armando , Tevar Amit D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe use of kidneys donated after circulatory death (DCD) provides an invaluable expansion of the organ supply for transplantation. Here, we investigated the effect of DCD on fibrotic changes on 1 1‐year post 1‐transplant surveillance kidney allograft biopsy.MethodsRecipients of a deceased donor kidney transplant between 2013 and 2017 at a single institution, who survived 1 year and underwent surveillance biopsy, were included in the analysis (n = 333: 87 DCD kidneys, 246 kidneys donated after brain death [DBD]). Banff scores for interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were summed as IFTA and compared between the groups.ResultsDCD and DBD groups were comparable for baseline characteristics. Delayed graft function was 39% in DCD versus 19% in DBD, P = .0002. Patient and graft survival were comparable for DCD and DBD cohorts. IFTA scores were higher in DCD compared to DBD (2.43±..13 vs. 2.01±..08, P = .0054). On multivariate analysis, the odds of IFTA > 2 in the DCD group was 2.5× higher (95%CI: 1.354.63) than in the DBD group. Within the DCD group, kidneys with IFTA > 2 had inferior 5‐year graft survival (P = .037).ConclusionCompared to DBD kidneys, DCD kidneys developed a greater degree of fibrotic changes on 1‐year post‐transplant surveillance biopsy, which affected graft longevity within the DCD cohort.
Blood product transfusion and lung transplant outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Klapper Jacob A. , Hicks Anne C. , Ledbetter Leila , Poisson Jessica , Hartwig Matthew G. , Hashmi Nazish , Welsby Ian , Bottiger Brandi A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe perioperative transfusion of blood products has long been linked to development of acute lung injury and associated with mortality across both medical and surgical patient populations.1,2 The need for blood product transfusion during and after lung transplantation is common and, in many instances, unavoidable. However, this practice may potentially be modifiable.3 In this systematic review, we explore and summarize what is known regarding the impact of blood product transfusion on outcomes following lung transplantation, highlighting the most recent work in this area. Overall, the majority of the literature consists of single center retrospective analyses or the work of multicenter working groups referencing the same database. In the end, there are a number of remaining questions regarding blood product transfusion and their downstream effects on graft function and survival.
Decolonising the Museum? Community Experiences in the Periphery of the ICOM Museum Definition
Authors: Brulon Soares Bruno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article proposes a postcolonial reflection on the impacts of the ICOM museum definition on the practice of community‐based museums and considers the possible effects of engaging these museums in the international conversations for a new definition. It investigates ICOM’s internal debates on a new museum definition, resumed since 2016, and its normative, political, and financial effects on the reality of community museums in the peripheries of the global South. By exploring the historical roots of the present debate and its decolonial rhetoric, this paper questions what forms of “decolonisation” are at stake, once again, in the discussions concerning a new museum definition for the 21st century. To demonstrate the impacts of the definition on community museums around the world, the article recurs to the example of Brazilian Social museology, which serves to illuminate how the persistence of political relationships between a centre and its peripheries help to define museum marginality. The ICOM museum definition, conceived as a tool by some central agents to be applied globally in different social contexts, establishes the boundaries between the subjects who have the right to memory and the means to make museums and those who are currently deprived of them.
Becoming uniquely human? Comparing chimpanzee to human infancy
Authors: Grossmann Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDoes comparing behavioral development between chimpanzees and humans during infancy hold the key to understanding what is uniquely human? Recent work shows that while many behaviors emerge at similar ages in chimpanzees, human infants develop behavioral traits underpinning our prosocial and ultra‐cooperative nature at a much accelerated rate.
Reduced mitochondrial DNA and OXPHOS protein content in skeletal muscle of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: von Walden Ferdinand , Vechetti Ivan J , Englund Davis , Figueiredo Vandré C , Fernandez‐Gonzalo Rodrigo , Murach Kevin , Pingel Jessica , Mccarthy John J , Stål Per , Pontén Eva 
Published: June 2021

AimTo provide a detailed gene and protein expression analysis related to mitochondrial biogenesis and assess mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodBiceps brachii muscle samples were collected from 19 children with CP (mean [SD] age 15y 4mo [2y 6mo], range 9–18y, 16 males, three females) and 10 typically developing comparison children (mean [SD] age 15y [4y], range 7–21y, eight males, two females). Gene expression (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to genomic DNA ratio (quantitative PCR), and protein abundance (western blotting) were analyzed. Microarray data sets (CP/aging/bed rest) were analyzed with a focused query investigating metabolism‐ and mitochondria‐related gene networks.ResultsThe mtDNA to genomic DNA ratio was lower in the children with CP compared to the typically developing group (−23%, p=0.002). Out of five investigated complexes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, we observed lower protein levels of all complexes (I, III, IV, V, −20% to −37%; p<0.05) except complex II. Total peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC1α) messenger RNA (p<0.004), isoforms PGC1α1 (p=0.05), and PGC1α4 (p<0.001) were reduced in CP. Transcriptional similarities were observed between CP, aging, and 90 days’ bed rest.InterpretationMitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA, and oxidative phosphorylation protein content are reduced in CP muscle compared with typically developing muscle. Transcriptional pathways shared between aging and long‐term unloading suggests metabolic dysregulation in CP, which may guide therapeutic strategies for combatting CP muscle pathology.
What this paper adds

Cerebral palsy (CP) muscle contains fewer energy‐generating organelles than typically developing muscle.

Gene expression in CP muscle is similar to aging and long‐term bed rest.
Erysiphe magnifica causes powdery mildew on Magnolia compressa
Authors: Choi Young‐Joon , Choi Byoung‐Ki , Choi In‐Young , Shin Hyeon‐Dong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn October 2017, Magnolia compressa, an endangered species in Korea, was found to be heavily infected with a powdery mildew. Morphological examination of anamorph structures and molecular analyses of the ITS and 28S rDNA regions confirmed Erysiphe magnifica as the fungus causing the mildew. The host range of E. magnifica has been limited to Magnolia species, with an occasional record of infection on Nelumbo nucifera. This report presents the first finding of E. magnifica infection on M. compressa worldwide.
The response of soil microbial communities to the infection of kauri (Agathis australis) seedlings with Phytophthora agathidicida
Authors: Byers Alexa‐Kate , Condron Leo , O’Callaghan Maureen , Waipara Nick , Black Amanda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew Zealand's ancient kauri (Agathis australis) forests are under threat from the spread of dieback disease, caused by the soil‐borne pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida. Characterizing the response of the soil microbiota to the infection of kauri with P. agathidicida is essential to identify how they may form a protective response to pathogen invasion and disease expression. This study infected 18‐month‐old kauri seedlings with a standardized inoculum load of P. agathidicida for 6 weeks under controlled environmental conditions. Following this, changes in the diversity, composition and biomass of soil microbial communities associated with kauri seedlings were characterized using high‐throughput 16S rRNA and ITS gene region sequencing and phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Significant differences were found in the composition of soil bacterial communities associated with inoculated and non‐inoculated kauri seedlings. Furthermore, soils of inoculated seedlings had a significantly higher relative abundance of bacteria previously reported to be associated with plant disease suppression, which included several members of the Firmicutes. Significant reductions were found in the fungal: bacterial biomass of soils from inoculated seedlings. This finding contrasts to previous field‐based research that observed an increased diversity of soil fungal communities associated with diseased kauri in old growth kauri forests. Further research that aims to isolate members of the kauri soil microbiota and study their interactions with P. agathidicida is required for us to begin selecting potential biocontrol agents against kauri dieback.
Host defense or parasite cue: Skin secretions mediate interactions between amphibians and their parasites
Authors: Mayer Martin , Schlippe Justicia Lia , Shine Richard , Brown Gregory P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmphibian skin secretions (substances produced by the amphibian plus microbiota) plausibly act as a first line of defense against parasite/pathogen attack, but may also provide chemical cues for pathogens. To clarify the role of skin secretions in host–parasite interactions, we conducted experiments using cane toads (Rhinella marina) and their lungworms (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) from the range‐core and invasion‐front of the introduced anurans’ range in Australia. Depending on the geographical area, toad skin secretions can reduce the longevity and infection success of parasite larvae, or attract lungworm larvae and enhance their infection success. These striking differences between the two regions were due both to differential responses of the larvae, and differential effects of the skin secretions. Our data suggest that skin secretions play an important role in host–parasite interactions in anurans, and that the arms race between a host and parasite can rapidly generate spatial variation in critical features of that interaction.
A double pedigree reveals genetic but not cultural inheritance of cooperative personalities in wild banded mongooses
Authors: Nichols Hazel J. , Arbuckle Kevin , Sanderson Jennifer L. , Vitikainen Emma I. K. , Marshall Harry H. , Thompson Faye J. , Cant Michael A. , Wells David A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPersonality traits, such as the propensity to cooperate, are often inherited from parents to offspring, but the pathway of inheritance is unclear. Traits could be inherited via genetic or parental effects, or culturally via social learning from role models. However, these pathways are difficult to disentangle in natural systems as parents are usually the source of all of these effects. Here, we exploit natural ‘cross fostering’ in wild banded mongooses to investigate the inheritance of cooperative behaviour. Our analysis of 800 adult helpers over 21 years showed low but significant genetic heritability of cooperative personalities in males but not females. Cross fostering revealed little evidence of cultural heritability: offspring reared by particularly cooperative helpers did not become more cooperative themselves. Our results demonstrate that cooperative personalities are not always highly heritable in wild, and that the basis of behavioural traits can vary within a species (here, by sex).
Bruns' nystagmus revisited: A sign of stroke in patients with the acute vestibular syndrome
Authors: Mantokoudis Georgios , Korda Athanasia , Zee David S. , Zamaro Ewa , Sauter Thomas C. , Wagner Franca , Caversaccio Marco D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveGaze‐evoked nystagmus (GEN) is a central sign in patients with the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS); however, discriminating between a pathological and a physiologic GEN is a challenge. Here we evaluate GEN in patients with AVS.MethodsIn this prospective cross‐sectional study, we used video‐oculography (VOG) to compare GEN in the light (target at 15° eccentric) in 64 healthy subjects with 47 patients seen in the emergency department (ED) who had AVS; 35 with vestibular neuritis and 12 with stroke. All patients with an initial non‐diagnostic MRI received a confirmatory, delayed MRI as a reference standard in detecting stroke.ResultsHealthy subjects with GEN had a time constant of centripetal drift >18 s. VOG identified pathologic GEN (time constant ≤ 18 s) in 33% of patients with vestibular strokes, specificity was 100%, accuracy was 83%. Results were equivalent to examination by a clinical expert. As expected, since all patients with GEN had a SN in straight‐ahead position, they showed the pattern of a Bruns’ nystagmus.ConclusionsOne third of patients with AVS due to central vestibular strokes had a spontaneous SN in straight‐ahead gaze and a pathological GEN, producing the pattern of a Bruns’ nystagmus with a shift of the null position. The localization of the side of the lesion based on the null was not consistent, presumably because the circuits underlying gaze‐holding are widespread in the brainstem and cerebellum. Nevertheless, automated quantification of GEN with VOG was specific, and accurately identified patients in the ED with AVS due to strokes.
Plasma neurofilament light chain levels and cognitive testing as predictors of fast progression in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Santangelo Roberto , Agosta Federica , Masi Francesco , Spinelli Edoardo Gioele , Cecchetti Giordano , Caso Francesca , Mandelli Alessandra , Cardamone Rosalinda , Barbieri Alessandra , Furlan Roberto , Magnani Giuseppe , Filippi Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a heterogeneous course. Predicting a fast rather than a slow decline over time is crucial to both provide a reliable prognosis and elaborate stricter enrolment criteria in clinical trials. Here we searched for independent predictors of cognitive decline rate to assess the risk of fast disease progression already at baseline.MethodsFifty‐three subjects with an “in‐vivo biomarker confirmed” diagnosis of AD were included. Neuropsychological assessment, plasma neurofilaments (NfL) concentrations and, in a subsample of 23 patients, brain magnetic resonance imaging were available. Patients were labelled FAST or SLOW depending on the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) points lost per year (FAST if more than 3 points). We adopted single logistic regression models to search for independent predictors of FAST progression.ResultsAt baseline no differences were found between FAST and SLOW subgroups in demographics, MMSE scores, vascular burden and medial temporal lobe atrophy measurements. Higher plasma NfL concentrations and worse scores at semantic verbal fluency (SVF) and clock drawing test (CDT) were independent predictors of FAST decline, after controlling for age, education, sex and baseline disease severity stage. The regression model combining all the predictors correctly classified 80% of patients overall. The risk of FAST decline was 81.2% if all the three predictors were abnormal (i.e., SVF ≤21.5, CDT ≤5.5, NfL ≥22.19).ConclusionsAn easily applicable algorithm, including plasma NfL measurement and two neuropsychological tests worldwide adopted in clinical practice (SVF and CDT), may allow clinicians to reliably stratify AD patients in relation to the risk of fast cognitive decline.
An instrumental‐reflexive approach to assessing and building food system resilience
Authors: Hedberg Russell C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor several decades resilience thinking has served as a major theoretical lens for social‐ecological research, with geographers playing important roles in both advancing the theory and offering meaningful critique. In recent years resilience thinking has also emerged as a promising tool for the assessment of food systems, yet there is significant disagreement among scholars as to the best way to apply resilience thinking to food systems. At the heart of these disagreements lie a set of conceptual tensions that have long existed in the resilience community regarding best practices for operationalizing resilience and the extent to which resilience thinking can (or should) engage with issues of social justice and power dynamics. Geographers, particularly those working in the fields of political ecology and critical physical geography, are well positioned to navigate these tensions and contribute to the growing scholarship on food system resilience through what I call an instrumental‐reflexive approach to resilience thinking. Drawing on scholarship on the role of environmental science in political ecology and critical physical geography, I develop an approach to resilience that deploys empirical assessments to provide instrumental knowledge of food systems, but also engages reflexively with empirical findings to consider how they interact with entrenched power relations across multiple scales—practices that have a long tradition in geographic scholarship. In so doing, I chart an approach to resilience that, provides significant utility for farmers and food system workers, and gives support (though not the ultimate justification) for dismantling unjust and exploitative structures in our current food systems.
Cultural integration among non‐Han migrants in urban China: To what extent does intermarriage matter?
Authors: Wang Zerong , Zhao Guochang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the rapid urbanization, a massive number of Han and non‐Han people have migrated into Chinese cities. However, the quite different backgrounds of non‐Han migrants may make their cultural integration much more difficult. Using data from the National Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey (MDMS) in 2017, this study examines whether intermarried migrants have higher cultural integration in the destination municipality than their non‐intermarried counterparts, and explores its mechanisms. To account for the potential endogeneity problem, we use historical intermarriage ratio of the older cohorts in migrants’ home municipality as the instrumental variable of intermarriage. Results suggest that intermarriage has a positive effect on cultural integration of non‐Han migrants. Marrying Hans increases non‐Han migrants’ cultural integration by about 0.89 standard deviations. The mediating analyses show that social interaction is one potential mechanism but it merely explains 4% of the aggregate effect of intermarriage on cultural integration. We also find that the positive impact of intermarriage on cultural integration is driven by subsamples of female, highly educated, urban‐to‐urban, and inter‐province migrants. These findings have strong policy implications for non‐Han floating population administration in urban China.
Twice a “housewife”: On academic precarity, “hysterical” women, faculty mental health, and service as gendered care work for the “university family” in pandemic times
Authors: Docka‐Filipek Danielle , Stone Lindsey B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtensive research has explained women's pandemic‐related workforce exodus as driven by the presumed pressures of gender disparate private, domestic burdens. The impact of gender asymmetries in academic labor on faculty well‐being is less understood. We examined the effects of job‐related factors on faculty mental health, a critical measure of precarity during the initial Spring 2020 “lockdown” and transition to remote work. Faculty (n = 345) were recruited via social media to participate in a survey on their work/life pandemic experiences. Women were over‐represented in our sample, yet respondents at both the highest and the most tenuous ranks were underrepresented. Gender, teaching load, having dependents, and greater financial concerns were associated with higher depression and anxiety. Critically, women's heightened mental health risk was not explained by the other predictors. Results indicate women faculty's well‐being and career advancement are threatened by disparate, obscured service burdens both within the academy and at home during the pandemic.
The in vitro effect of nanoliposomal amphotericin B against two clinically important dermatophytes
Authors: Ahmad Nasrollahi Saman , Fattahi Azam , Naeimifar Atefeh , Lotfali Ensieh , Firooz Alireza , Khamesipoor Ali , Skandari Seyed Ebrahim , Miramin Mohammadi Akram 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe present study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of amphotericin B‐loaded nanoliposomes against Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum. Moreover, it was attempted to assess the obtained resistance in vitro.MethodsIn total, 29 archived clinical strains, namely, T. interdigitale (n = 16) and T. rubrum (n = 13), were included in this study. These strains were determined using a previous ITS1‐ITS2 region sequence. Moreover, a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B was formulated by a thin‐film hydration method. Particle size, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential (ZP) were measured by a Zetasizer. Furthermore, physicochemical properties, such as appearance, aggregation of particles, particle size, PdI, and ZP, were determined at 0‐, 1‐, and 3‐month intervals. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also used to examine nanoparticles structure. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B‐loaded nanoliposomes, itraconazole, efinaconazole, terbinafine, and ciclopirox was determined according to the protocol of the broth microdilution method of CLSI M38‐A2. The morphological changes of T. interdigitale and T. rubrum strains exposed to the amphotericin B‐loaded nanoliposomes were observed using SEM.ResultsThe amphotericin B‐loaded nanoliposomes displayed a lower MIC compared to those of the amphotericin B and liposomes when used separately. Based on the results, amphotericin B‐loaded nanoliposomes induced no drug resistance in any of the tested strains.ConclusionAccordingly, amphotericin B‐loaded nanoliposomes can be a potent antifungal for the topical treatment of onychomycosis. There was no in vitro evidence regarding the resistance of the tested strains to amphotericin B‐loaded nanoliposomes. This reflects that amphotericin B‐loaded nanoliposomes have a low probability to induce drug resistance in dermatophyte species.
Polymorphisms in MHC class I molecules influence their interactions with components of the antigen processing and presentation pathway
Authors: Aflalo Aure , Boyle Louise H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMHC class I (MHC‐I) molecules undergo an intricate folding process in order to pick up antigenic peptide to present to the immune system. In recent years, the discovery of a new peptide editor for MHC‐I has added an extra level of complexity in our understanding of how peptide presentation is regulated. On top of this, the incredible diversity in MHC‐I molecules leads to significant variation in the interaction between MHC‐I and components of the antigen processing and presentation pathway. Here, we review our current understanding regarding how polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen class I molecules influence their interactions with key components of the antigen processing and presentation pathway. A deeper understanding of this may offer new insights regarding how apparently subtle variation in MHC‐I can have a significant impact on susceptibility to disease.