bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The virtual design studio and the key integrals
Authors: Khan Asif R. , Thilagam N. Lakshmi 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe unparalleled crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic has displaced the existing normal in every field of higher education. Especially architecture education with high dependence on institutional studio based pedagogical participation has been affected. Consequently, there is a critical necessity to reinvigorate pedagogical approaches in order to ensure continuity of pedagogical pursuits.Design/methodology/approachA systematic approach is used to conduct an interdisciplinary study. The research mainly attempts to externalize the basics of virtual design studio composition. In concurrence role of instructional design in providing an underlying framework for enabling virtual discourse is also explored. Primarily, the process commenced by identifying objectives and queries which needed to be addressed. In order to deal with the concerns rationally, the research used exploratory approach. The primary data were based on focus group interactions. The secondary data were based on relevant subject-oriented literature reviews; explicit information based. Explanatory mode of analysis is used to interpret the outcome.FindingsA pedagogical design; an instructional design process model for effectively structuring the virtual design studio has evolved as part of the research. In addition detailed insights have been derived about the key integrals that make up the constituent phases of the virtual design studio.Research limitations/implicationsThe research provides insights into the methodological structure of virtual design studio. The inferences would provide the pedagogues a comprehensive and rational overview to envision and conduct architecture studio discourse virtually.Originality/valueThe study presents a unique contribution to the limited literature available on virtual design studio pedagogy and instructional design in virtual mode.
Abrupt policy reversal amid Black Lives Matter: Starbucks’ grande employee dress code problem
Authors: Douglas Megan , Holtzen Sarah , Ruane Sinéad G. , Sherman Kim , Williamson Aimee 
Published: November 2021

Theoretical basis
Organizational Justice Theory serves as a useful frame for discussion of this case, focusing on perceptions of fairness in the workplace. Such perceptions are shaped by outcomes, procedures, information and interpersonal treatment. Perceptions of justice in these four dimensions are associated with job performance, citizenship behaviors and some mental health outcomes. The Exit, Voice, Loyalty, Neglect (EVLN) Model outlines four potential responses (exit, voice, loyalty and neglect) to perceived job dissatisfaction, serving as a useful framework for students to discuss potential employee reactions to Starbucks’ decisions.

Research methodology
This case was developed from secondary sources, including news reports, company annual reports and websites. The case has been classroom tested with undergraduate students in Principles of Management (online and face-to-face) Human Resource Management (online asynchronous) and Labor/Management Relations (online synchronous).

Case overview/synopsis
In June 2020, Starbucks became immersed in controversy when its dress code policy conflicted with its public support for national protests over police brutality against Black Americans, including the death of George Floyd while in police custody. While publicly supporting the protests in a series of tweets, an internal memo forbidding employees from wearing Black Lives Matter attire was leaked to the press, generating national outcry, threats of a boycott and forcing Starbucks to reverse course immediately. This case examines the benefits and challenges of a corporate dress/uniform policy, and the implications of corporate involvement in social justice issues.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate courses, but particularly in Principles of Management and Human Resources courses.
Breaking a promise never made: managing employee expectations at Rococo LLC
Authors: Awotoye Yemisi F. , Stevens Christopher E. 
Published: November 2021

Theoretical basis
The case primarily revolves around the establishment, alignment and maintenance of expectations within a work environment. Specifically, the case focuses on the challenges that were created by the expectations that Kofi Nyarkoh had of his employee, Kwame Owusu, and the expectations that Kwame in turn formed based on the process surrounding his employment relationship with Kofi. The case is intended to help students assess a business situation and define the perceptions and expectations of stakeholders; assess the impact of differences in perceptions and expectations on the attitudes, behaviors and motivation in the workplace and develop appropriate recommendations.

Research methodology
The case was written based on a combination of field and telephone interviews and other communication between one of the authors and Kofi.

Case overview/synopsis
The case presents the story of Rococo LLC's founder and one of his key employees. Both men were originally from Ghana. They met in the USA through a mutual friend, and Kofi hired him to work on a client site for Rococo LLC despite Kwame's insufficient work experience.

Complexity academic level
This case is intended for students of organizational behavior, human resource management and management both at advanced undergraduate and graduate levels.
Key failure factors of start-up women owned SMEs in service sector in Kigali: a principal component analysis approach
Authors: Kasema Romain 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This study aims to develop and test a framework for studying the failure of new women entrepreneurs in the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 114 unsuccessful entrepreneurs in Kigali, Rwanda, this study aimed to identify key failure factors of women-owned SMEs. This study used mixed methods where quantitative data were analysed using the principal component approach with Varimax rotation to reduce the variables to only three clusters.

Findings
The study findings revealed that the failure of women-owned SMEs results from the entrepreneur’s inability followed by the enterprise incompetence, which are both internally controllable factors and the inauspicious business environment. These findings contribute to the validity of the dynamic capability theory by explaining how well internal and external factors must stay glued together to avoid failure among women-owned SMEs, something that was not yet previously well documented so far.

Originality/value
New SMEs are considered a noteworthy constituent of Rwandan development. Unfortunately, most new SMEs, in general, do not grow; their failure rate is high (70%), which raised many worries for both researchers and policymakers as to why this occurs at this stage of business growth. Therefore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge this paper is the first to analyse the reasons for the failure of Rwandan women-owned SMEs in the service sector. These findings are important because they suggest that policies designed to reduce the incidence of SMEs’ failure should take account of the two main factors influencing failure among women entrepreneurs.
Solid histological component of adenocarcinoma might play an important role in PD‐L1 expression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Miyazawa Tomoyuki , Morikawa Kei , Otsubo Kanji , Sakai Hiroki , Kimura Hiroyuki , Chosokabe Motohiro , Furuya Naoki , Marushima Hideki , Kojima Koji , Mineshita Masamichi , Koike Junki , Saji Hisashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study we aimed to clarify the PD‐L1 positive expression in lung adenocarcinoma, including various adenocarcinoma subtypes paying particular attention to its component.MethodsA total of 307 lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy, as well as systematic lymph node dissection (ND2a), from February 2008 to March 2020 at our hospital, were enrolled into the study. A final diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was obtained from the resected lung specimens of all 307 patients to determine the histological type, adenocarcinoma subtype, and component of adenocarcinoma by ethics of 5%. PD‐L1 was immunohistochemically stained using the murine monoclonal antibody clone 22C3.ResultsWhen PD‐L1 expression‐positive was defined by tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1%, the positive cases were 6/33 in adenocarcinoma (Ad) in situ (AIS), 2/26 in minimally invasive Ad (MIA), 12/60 in lepidic predominant Ad (LPA), 44/91 in papillary predominant Ad (PPA), 24/49 in acinar predominant Ad (APA), 23/28 in solid predominant Ad (SPA), 4/7 in micropapillary predominant Ad (MPA), and 0/13 in invasive mucinous Ad (IMA). In the high proportion group (APA, PPA, SPA, and MPA) of PD‐L1 expression, SPA was the only subtype which was statistically significant when both PD‐L1 expression‐positive was defined by TPS ≥ 1% (p < 0.0001) and TPS ≧ 50% (p < 0.0001). We then considered the solid component. We investigated 279 cases of the other subtype group excluding SPA. The group containing a solid component (≥5%) tended to be PD‐L1 expression‐positive both when defined by TPS ≥1% (p < 0.0001) and TPS ≧50% (p = 0.0049).ConclusionsThe PD‐L1 expression tended to be positive when a solid component was confirmed (≥5%) in specimens of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Real‐world multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of netupitant plus palonosetron fixed‐dose combination to prevent chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting among Malaysian patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Md Yusof Mastura , Abdullah Matin Mellor , Yap Beng Khiong , Ng Soo Chin , Low John Seng Hooi , Lam Kai Seng , Ahmad Badruddin Radzi Bin Ahmad , Lai Christina Nye Bing , Lau Kah Liew , Chong Kwang Jeat , Nonis Joel Gabriel , Ahmad Annuar Muhammad Azrif , Abdul Rahman Mohd Haris Fadzillah Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimA large proportion of cancer patients are at high risk for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), but the choice of anti‐emetics for CINV in Malaysia is limited.MethodsThis was a real‐world study of a fixed‐dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron (NEPA) to inhibit CINV in adult patients receiving moderately (MEC) or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) for solid/hematological malignancies at eight Malaysian centers. Each HEC/MEC cycle received one dose of NEPA + dexamethasone for CINV prevention. Complete response (no emesis, no rescue medication) (CR), no more than mild nausea (severity score ≤ 2.5), and complete control (CR) (no more than mild nausea) during the acute (0–24 h), delayed (25–120 h), and overall (0–120 h) phases post‐chemotherapy were measured. Treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsDuring March 2016–April 2018 (NMRR‐17‐3286‐38282), NEPA + dexamethasone was administered to 54 patients (77.8% solid, 22.2% hematological malignancies). Note that 59.3% received HEC, while 40.7% received MEC regimen. During the overall phase of the first cycle, the majority had CR (77.8%), no more than mild nausea (74.1%), and complete control (61.1%). Seventeen patients received two consecutive cycles at any point of chemotherapy cycles. During the overall phases across two consecutive cycles, all patients achieved CR, and the majority reported no more than mild nausea and complete control. No grades 3–4 AEs were reported.ConclusionsNEPA had sustained efficacy and tolerability at first administration and across two cycles of MEC/HEC for CINV prevention.
A risk factor analysis for local recurrence of bone and soft tissue sarcoma treated with carbon ion radiotherapy: A retrospective cohort study at a single institution
Authors: Kohama Isaku , Yanagawa Takashi , Okamoto Masahiko , Ohno Tatsuya , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimCarbon ion radiotherapy is well‐recognized as an excellent radiation modality that is suitable for treating unresectable bone and soft‐tissue sarcoma of the trunk, spine, and pelvis; however, further study is needed to improve the local control rate. The current study examined the risk factors of the local recurrence of sarcomas after carbon ion radiotherapy.MethodsPatients with inoperable bone and soft‐tissue sarcomas treated with carbon ion radiotherapy in our institute from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 87 patients were eligible for this study. We divided the instances of local recurrence into two types, in‐field and out‐field recurrence, and evaluated the predictors for the risk of local recurrence such as the age at the treatment, sex, histopathological diagnosis, standard uptake value on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and the clinical target volume for each recurrence using a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsA multivariate analysis revealed that the tumors with a post‐treatment standard uptake value of more than 3.84 on positron emission tomography had a significantly high risk of in‐field recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.42; p = .03). Furthermore, postoperative lesions were a risk factor for out‐field recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.82; p < .01).ConclusionThe current study revealed that sarcomas maintaining a high glucose metabolic activity after carbon ion radiotherapy carried a risk of in‐field recurrence, and the most significant risk factor of out‐field recurrence was identified to be surgery before CIRT.
External validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system eighth edition using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program
Authors: Tjokrowidjaja Angelina , Browne Lois , Soudy Hussein 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system eighth edition (AJCC‐8) was recently released to provide accurate staging reflecting advances in the treatment of melanoma. Using population registry data, this study independently validates and compares the prognostic performance of AJCC‐8 to the seventh edition (AJCC‐7).MethodsWe extracted patient‐, tumor‐related, and survival data from the SEER‐18 registry between 2010 and 2015. To assess overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) for AJCC‐7 and AJCC‐8, we performed Kaplan–Meier analysis and computed cumulative hazard functions using Nelson–Aalen function.ResultsOf 126,408 individuals, 59,989 (47%) and 60,411 (48%) had available data for pathological and clinical‐stage OS analysis, respectively. The 3‐year OS for AJCC‐7 among pathologically staged patients was: stage IA 97%, stage IB 95%, stage IIA 87%, stage IIB 76%, stage IIC 57%, stage IIIA 86%, stage IIIB 69%, stage IIIC 50%, and stage IV 24%. The 3‐year OS for AJCC‐8 patients was similar but was 56% for stage IIIC and 30% for stage IIID. Stage IV individuals with an elevated LDH had worse OS and CSS at all measured time‐points up to 60 months compared to those with a normal LDH.ConclusionThe discriminatory ability of AJCC‐8 and AJCC‐7 appear comparable. Changes in AJCC‐8 identified stage IIID as a poor prognostic subgroup among stage III patients and elevated LDH in stage IV. However, patients with advanced T‐stage, node‐negative tumors experienced worse survival compared to those with earlier T‐stage, node‐positive tumors, and the results of ongoing trials should inform adjuvant therapy in this subset of patients.
Treatment and outcomes of unresectable and metastatic pancreatic cancer treated in public and private Australian hospitals
Authors: To Yat Hang , Shapiro Julia , Wong Rachel , Thomson Benjamin , Nagrial Adnan , Mendis Shehara , Gibbs Peter , Shapiro Jeremy , Lee Belinda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have reported for several cancer types that treatment in the private sector is associated with improved survival outcomes. Data for patients with locally advanced unresectable and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have not previously been reported.MethodsAnalysis of patients from January 2016 to June 2020 registered to a multicentre prospective cancer database. Baseline demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were compared. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to determine predictors of mortality and first‐line chemotherapy treatment, respectively.ResultsOf 822 patients, 22.5% received private care. Private patients were older (median 71.5 vs. 68.9 years, p ≤ .05), had better performance status (ECOG 0 to 1: 82.2 vs. 73.5%, p = .05) and more likely to reside in an area with high socioeconomic advantage (67.0 vs. 19.6%, p ≤ .01). Private patients were more likely to receive first‐line chemotherapy (69.7 vs. 54.2%, p ≤ .01) with logistic regression demonstrating private care (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.97) as an independent predictor of receiving chemotherapy. Private patients had prolonged survival (median OS: 9.2 vs. 6.9 months, HR 1.2, p = .05). Receiving first‐line chemotherapy was an independent predictor of mortality, but private care was not.ConclusionsCare in the private system is associated with improved OS, with higher uptake of first‐line chemotherapy appearing to be the main contributor. Given the discrepancy, further studies are needed to determine what factors are driving this difference.
Intertextual politics
Authors: McELGUNN HANNAH 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTForms of Hopi cultural knowledge, and the Hopi language in particular, circulate across Indigenous and settler speech communities. Circulation is a process of recontextualization. In connecting sites of usage, it brings into being different regimes of intertextuality that can either amplify or diminish Hopi presence. To illustrate this, I look at three instances in which outsiders recontextualize Hopi objects or language: archaeologists use potsherds to establish timelines, non‐Hopi people use Hopi words as pet and brand names, and I use Hopi sentences for linguistic analysis in my own research. Each recontextualization threatens to erase Hopi presence in the here and now, which tribal members contest through acts of what I callindexical tethering. [intertextuality,recontextualization,language,appropriation,Indigeneity,presence and erasure,Hopi]
Covariate adjustment in continuous biomarker assessment
Authors: Li Ziyi , Huang Yijian , Patil Dattatraya , Sanda Martin G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContinuous biomarkers are common for disease screening and diagnosis. To reach a dichotomous clinical decision, a threshold would be imposed to distinguish subjects with disease from nondiseased individuals. Among various performance metrics, specificity at a controlled sensitivity level (or vice versa) is often desirable because it directly targets the clinical utility of the intended clinical test. Meanwhile, covariates, such as age, race, as well as sample collection conditions, could impact the biomarker distribution and may also confound the association between biomarker and disease status. Therefore, covariate adjustment is important in such biomarker evaluation. Most existing covariate adjustment methods do not specifically target the desired sensitivity/specificity level, but rather do so for the entire biomarker distribution. As such, they might be more prone to model misspecification. In this paper, we suggest a parsimonious quantile regression model for the diseased population, only locally at the controlled sensitivity level, and assess specificity with covariate‐specific control of the sensitivity. Variance estimates are obtained from a sample‐based approach and bootstrap. Furthermore, our proposed local model extends readily to a global one for covariate adjustment for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve over the sensitivity continuum. We demonstrate computational efficiency of this proposed method and restore the inherent monotonicity in the estimated covariate‐adjusted ROC curve. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. Simulation studies show favorable performance of the proposal. Finally, we illustrate our method in biomarker evaluation for aggressive prostate cancer.
Recurrent PTPRZ1‐MET fusion and a high occurrence rate of MET exon 14 skipping in brain metastases
Authors: Chai Rui‐Chao , Liu Xing , Pang Bo , Liu Yu‐Qing , Li Jing‐Jun , Li Yang‐Fang , Zhao Zheng , Du Jiang , Bao Zhao Shi , Jiang Tao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdentifying molecular features is an essential component of the management and targeted therapy of brain metastases (BMs). The molecular features are different between primary lung cancers and BMs of lung cancer. Here we report the DNA and RNA mutational profiles of 43 pathological samples of BMs. In addition to previously reported mutational events associated with targeted therapy, PTPRZ1‐MET, which was previously exclusively identified in glioma, was present in two cases of BMs of lung cancer. Furthermore, MET exon 14 skipping may be more common (6/37 cases) in BMs of lung cancer than the frequency previously reported in lung cancer. These findings highlight the clinical significance of targeted DNA plus RNA sequencing for BMs and suggest PTPRZ1‐MET and MET exon 14 skipping as critical molecular events that may serve as targets of targeted therapy in BMs.
Aberrant RNA splicing and therapeutic opportunities in cancers
Authors: Yamauchi Hirofumi , Nishimura Kazuki , Yoshimi Akihide 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere has been accumulating evidence that RNA splicing is frequently dysregulated in a variety of cancers and that hotspot mutations affecting key splicing factors, SF3B1, SRSF2 and U2AF1, are commonly enriched across cancers, strongly suggesting that aberrant RNA splicing is a new class of hallmark that contributes to the initiation and/or maintenance of cancers. In parallel, some studies have demonstrated that cancer cells with global splicing alterations are dependent on the transcriptional products derived from wild‐type spliceosome for their survival, which potentially creates a therapeutic vulnerability in cancers with a mutant spliceosome. It has been c. 10 y since the frequent mutations affecting splicing factors were reported in cancers. Based on these surprising findings, there has been a growing interest in targeting altered splicing in the treatment of cancers, which has promoted a wide variety of investigations including genetic, molecular and biological studies addressing how altered splicing promotes oncogenesis and how cancers bearing alterations in splicing can be targeted therapeutically. In this mini‐review we present a concise trajectory of what has been elucidated regarding the pathogenesis of cancers with aberrant splicing, as well as the development of therapeutic strategies to target global splicing alterations in cancers.
In Praise of Ordinary Measures: The Present Limits and Future Possibilities of Educational Accountability
Authors: Schneider Jack , Gottlieb Derek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractState and federal policymakers “see” school performance via formal measures — data collected with attendance sheets and standardized tests. Such an approach, though not without its merits, is extremely limited and inherently exposed to the threat of systematic misperception and unintended consequences, especially as policymakers try to use data to leverage on‐the‐ground change. In this essay, Jack Schneider and Derek Gottlieb discuss the limitations of present accountability systems and advocate for the inclusion of what they call “ordinary measures.” Long positioned as inferior to their formal counterparts, such measures offer much to clarify the picture of schools that good governance depends on. According to Schneider and Gottlieb, using ordinary measures, paired with deliberative evaluation processes, will improve the validity and utility of educational accountability systems.