bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Fully automatic segmental relaxometry (FASTR) for cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping
Authors: Bhatt Nitish , Ramanan Venkat , Gunraj Hayden , Guo Fumin , Biswas LaBonny , Qi Xiuling , Roifman Idan , Wright Graham A. , Ghugre Nilesh R. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeCardiac relaxometry techniques, particularly T1 mapping, have recently gained clinical importance in various cardiac pathologies. Myocardial T1 and extracellular volume are usually calculated from manual identification of left ventricular epicardial and endocardial regions. This is a laborious process, particularly for large volume studies. Here we present a fully automated relaxometry framework (FASTR) for segmental analysis of T1 maps (both native and postcontrast) and partition coefficient (λ).MethodsPatients (N = 11) were imaged postacute myocardial infarction on a 1.5T clinical scanner. The scan protocol involved CINE‐SSFP imaging, native, and post‐contrast T1 mapping using the Modified Look‐Locker Inversion (MOLLI) recovery sequence. FASTR consisted of automatic myocardial segmentation of spatio‐temporally coregistered CINE images as an initial guess, followed by refinement of the contours on the T1 maps to derive segmental T1 and λ. T1 and λ were then compared to those obtained from two trained expert observers.ResultsRobust endocardial and epicardial contours were achieved on T1 maps despite the presence of infarcted tissue. Relative to experts, FASTR resulted in myocardial Dice coefficients (native T1: 0.752 ± 0.041; postcontrast T1: 0.751 ± 0.057) that were comparable to interobserver Dice (native T1: 0.803 ± 0.045; postcontrast T1: 0.799 ± 0.054). There were strong correlations observed for T1 and λ derived from experts and FASTR (native T1: r = 0.83; postcontrast T1: r = 0.87; λ: r = 0.78; P < 0.0001), which were comparable to inter‐expert correlation coefficients (native T1: r = 0.90; postcontrast T1: r = 0.93; λ: r = 0.80; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur fully automated framework, FASTR, can generate accurate myocardial segmentations for native and postcontrast MOLLI T1 analysis without the need for manual intervention. Such a design is appealing for high volume clinical protocols.
Revealing the microstructure evolution of inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite via synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Dong Yanan , Huang Keqing , Chang Jianhui , Zhang Jian , Yang Yingguo , Yang Junliang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPerovskite devices have been developed rapidly over the past decade and all‐inorganic perovskite devices have attracted wide interest due to their outstanding stability. The crystallization process and microstructures of inorganic perovskite play important roles on the device performance. Herein, synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) was utilized to investigate the microstructure evolution of CsPbI2Br all‐inorganic perovskite film during post annealing, as well as its influence on the performance of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It was found that high‐temperature (240°C) flash annealing accelerated the precursor solution to rapidly crystallize within a few seconds and reduced the generation of non‐perovskite phase. The centroid and full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of perovskite diffraction peaks, corresponding to lattice constant and crystallite size of perovskite, respectively, changed gradually with the flash annealing time. The flash annealing time was optimized to be 10 seconds, leading to the suitable microstructure and crystallite size, as well as the best photovoltaic performance of PSCs. These results indicate that the microstructure evolution of all‐inorganic perovskite film during the post flash annealing plays a key role in the device performance.
Dark photon dark matter in the minimal B − L model
Authors: Choi Gong jun , Yanagida Tsutomu T. , Yokozaki Norimi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The extension of the Standard model (SM) with three heavy right handed neutrinos, a complex scalar and the gauged U(1)B−L symmetry (the minimal B − L model) is considered the most compelling minimal one: the presence and the out-of-equilibrium decay of the heavy right handed neutrinos can account for the small masses of the active neutrinos and the baryon asymmetry of the universe. A natural accompanying question concerns whether the minimal B − L model can naturally accommodate an interesting dark matter (DM) candidate. We study the possibility where the current DM population is explained by the gauge boson of U(1)B−L symmetry. We discuss how the minimal set-up originally aimed at the seesaw mechanism and the leptogenesis is connected to conditions making the gauge boson promoted to a DM candidate.
Line and surface defects for the free scalar field
Authors: Lauria Edoardo , Liendo Pedro , van Rees Balt C. , Zhao Xiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For a single free scalar field in d ≥ 2 dimensions, almost all the unitary conformal defects must be ‘trivial’ in the sense that they cannot hold interesting dynamics. The only possible exceptions are monodromy defects in d ≥ 4 and co-dimension three defects in d ≥ 5. As an intermediate result we show that the n-point correlation functions of a conformal theory with a generalized free spectrum must be those of the generalized free theory.
Qualität in der Befundung von Kopf- und Halssonographien an Universitätskliniken – eine Stichprobe
Authors: Künzel J. , Bozzato A. , Ernst B. P. , Fuhrmann T. , Ugele I. , Scherl C. , Schapher M. , Volk G. F. , Mansour N. , Knopf A. , Bohr C. , Hamann K.-F. 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Ultraschalldiagnostik gilt für den Radiologen, Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Arzt (HNO) oder Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgen als Standard in der Abklärung zahlreicher Pathologien. Es besteht ein Konsens, dass die digitale Dokumentation heute dringend notwendig ist, um die Qualität der sonographischen Dokumentationen zu verbessern und zu standardisieren. Es häufen sich Publikationen zur Implementierung standardisierter Befunddokumentation einschließlich der Kopf- und Halssonographie.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die Qualität von routinemäßig angefertigten Kopf- und Halssonographiebefunden nach Kriterien der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung (KV) Bayern an einer Auswahl deutscher HNO-Universitätskliniken stichprobenartig zu ermitteln.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt wurden retrospektiv 70 zufällig ausgewählte, anonymisierte schriftliche Befunde einschließlich Bildmaterial von insgesamt 7 HNO-Universitätskliniken stichprobenartig nach KV-Kriterien durch einen erfahrenen Prüfer der KV Bayern ausgewertet und deskriptiv analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Von 70 Befunden konnten 69 ausgewertet werden. Die Dokumentationsvollständigkeit lag im Mittel bei 80,6 %. Neun Befunde waren vollständig korrekt dokumentiert (13 %). Die Dokumentationsvollständigkeit der einzelnen Kliniken lag zwischen 68,1 % und 93 %. Mit 88,5 % vs. 75 % erbrachte eine strukturierte Befundung eine höhere Befundvollständigkeit. In 75 % der Fälle verfügten die Kliniken mit strukturiertem Befund auch über digitale Dokumentationslösungen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Vollständigkeit und Qualität von routinemäßig angefertigten Kopf- und Halssonographiebefunden an einer Auswahl von HNO-Universitätskliniken ist insgesamt optimierbar. Die Implementierung strukturierter Befundmasken und die Umstellung der analogen Dokumentation auf digitale Lösungen sowie Vernetzung mit dem Klinikinformationssystem (KIS) und Bildarchivierungs- und Kommunikationssystem (PACS) sollte weiter vorangetrieben werden. Darüber hinaus sind leitende Ärzte dazu angehalten, die Befundqualität unerfahrener Kollegen regelmäßig zu prüfen und im Rahmen der Facharztausbildung auf die Erfüllung entsprechender Standards wie der KV-Ultraschallvereinbarung hinzuarbeiten.
Abklärung der akuten Bewusstseinsstörung bei Säuglingen, Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Plecko Barbara 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie akute Bewusstseinstrübung stellt in jedem Lebensalter einen medizinischen Notfall dar. Beim jungen Säugling ist sie aufgrund langer Schlafphasen besonders schwer erkennbar. Beurteilung und Maßnahmen folgen den ABCDE-Regeln. Die Einstufung der Bewusstseinslage mithilfe der (altersadaptierten) Glasgow Coma Scale (Alter<5 Jahre) ermöglicht die untersucherunabhängige Verlaufsbeurteilung. In der neurologischen Untersuchung ist auf Meningismuszeichen, die Bulbusstellung, Pupillomotorik, Körperhaltung, Tonuslage und fokale Defizite zu achten. Intrakranielle (z. B. Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, epileptische Anfälle, Entzündungen, Hirndrucksteigerung, Schlaganfall) werden von extrakraniellen Ursachen (z. B. Hypoglykämie, Elektrolytstörungen, Intoxikationen, Stoffwechselentgleisungen) unterschieden. Die strukturierte Abklärung mithilfe der Notfalllaborbestimmungen, ggf. ergänzt durch Liquoranalyse, die kraniale Bildgebung und das EEG, erlauben die rasche Orientierung und Einleitung gezielter Therapiemaßnahmen.
Virtueller Praktikumstag Urologie
Authors: Kidess Marc , Schmid Sebastian C. , Pollak Sebastian , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Berberat Pascal O. , Autenrieth Michael E. 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Einleitung
Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellte die Universitätskliniken vor eine große Herausforderung: Wie kann eine praktische Ausbildung angehender Mediziner ohne deren Präsenz in der Klinik erfolgen? Als Alternative zum regulären Praktikumstag haben wir innerhalb kurzer Zeit ein virtuelles Ersatzangebot mittels Lehrvideos zu unterschiedlichen urologischen Themen auf einer universitären Online-Plattform geschaffen. Ziel der Videos war die Vermittlung des Fachs Urologie in Theorie und Praxis.

Material und Methoden
Die Videos wurden durch Mitarbeiter der Klinik anhand eines ausgearbeiteten Konzepts gefilmt und bearbeitet. Anschließend wurden diese Videos auf der universitären Online-Lehrplattform Moodle zur Verfügung gestellt. Zur Erfolgskontrolle mussten die Studierenden zu jedem Themenkomplex eine Frage beantworten. Eine Teilnahmebescheinigung wurde generiert, sobald die Studierenden mindestens 60 % aller Fragen richtig beantwortet hatten und an einer abschließenden Evaluation teilgenommen haben.

Ergebnisse
Der virtuelle Praktikumstag wurde von 164 Teilnehmern absolviert. Die Evaluationen sind mit einem sehr positiven Gesamturteil ausgefallen – mit einer Schulnote von 1,2. Insgesamt war die Akzeptanz des Ersatzangebotes hoch.

Diskussion
Das virtuelle Format als Alternative zum Präsenzunterricht wurde von den Studierenden sehr gut angenommen. Mit dem virtuellen Praktikumstag wurde eine schnelle und kontaktlose Alternative zum Präsenzunterricht geschaffen.
On the dimension of Voisin sets in the moduli space of abelian varieties
Authors: Colombo E. , Naranjo J. C. , Pirola G. P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the subsets $$V_k(A)$$

V
k

(
A
)

of a complex abelian variety A consisting in the collection of points $$x\in A$$

x
∈
A

such that the zero-cycle $$\{x\}-\{0_A\}$$

{
x
}

-

{

0
A

}

is k-nilpotent with respect to the Pontryagin product in the Chow group. These sets were introduced recently by Voisin and she showed that $$\dim V_k(A) \le k-1$$

dim

V
k

(
A
)

≤
k
-
1

and $$\dim V_k(A)$$

dim

V
k

(
A
)

is countable for a very general abelian variety of dimension at least $$2k-1$$

2
k
-
1

. We study in particular the locus $${\mathcal {V}}_{g,2}$$

V

g
,
2

in the moduli space of abelian varieties of dimension g with a fixed polarization, where $$V_2(A)$$

V
2

(
A
)

is positive dimensional. We prove that an irreducible subvariety $${\mathcal {Y}} \subset {\mathcal {V}}_{g,2}$$

Y
⊂

V

g
,
2

, $$g\ge 3$$

g
≥
3

, such that for a very general $$y \in {\mathcal {Y}}$$

y
∈
Y

there is a curve in $$V_2(A_y)$$

V
2

(

A
y

)

generating A satisfies $$\dim {\mathcal {Y}}\le 2g - 1.$$

dim
Y
≤
2
g
-
1
.

The hyperelliptic locus shows that this bound is sharp.
Compromised Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Septic Complications in HIV‐Seropositive Trauma Patients
Authors: Mauser Martin , Kruger Deirdré , Pather Sugeshnee , Plani Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is an important part of the immune system and compromised in HIV treatment‐naïve as well as in HIV‐seropositive patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) due to HIV‐induced changes. The influence of the impaired GALT on the postoperative complication rate after surgery for penetrating abdominal trauma has not been investigated and the hypothesis that the HIV‐induced changes of the GALT contribute to septic complications postoperatively was tested.Material and methodsThis prospective study included patients who required a small bowel resection due to abdominal gunshot wounds. A bowel specimen was obtained in the index operation, and the T‐lymphocytic quantity in the specimen was analyzed via immunohistochemistry to scrutinize whether these lymphocyte numbers had an impact on the postoperative outcome. Septic and postoperative complications were documented during the in‐hospital course and the first month after discharge.ResultsIn total, 62 patients were included in the study of which 38 patients were HIV‐seronegative and 24 were HIV‐seropositive. HIV‐seropositive patients had a significantly lower quantity of CD4 + T cells in the GALT compared to the HIV‐seronegative patients (p = 0.0001), which was also associated with a significantly higher rate of septic complications in the postoperative course. In the HIV‐seropositive group, no significant differences were detected for T‐lymphocytic quantity in the GALT between the HIV‐treatment naïve and antiretroviral treatment groups.ConclusionThe compromised GALT in HIV‐seropositive patients may predispose these patients to postoperative septic complications. Antiretroviral therapy does not result in an adequate immune reconstitution in this tissue.
Budding yeast Rad51: a paradigm for how phosphorylation and intrinsic structural disorder regulate homologous recombination and protein homeostasis
Authors: Woo Tai-Ting , Chuang Chi-Ning , Wang Ting-Fang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe RecA-family recombinase Rad51 is the central player in homologous recombination (HR), the faithful pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during both mitosis and meiosis. The behavior of Rad51 protein in vivo is fine-tuned via posttranslational modifications conducted by multiple protein kinases in response to cell cycle cues and DNA lesions. Unrepaired DSBs and ssDNA also activate Mec1ATRand Tel1ATMfamily kinases to initiate the DNA damage response (DDR) that safeguards genomic integrity. Defects in HR and DDR trigger genome instability and result in cancer predisposition, infertility, developmental defects, neurological diseases or premature aging. Intriguingly, yeast Mec1ATR- and Tel1ATM-dependent phosphorylation promotes Rad51 protein stability during DDR, revealing how Mec1ATRcan alleviate proteotoxic stress. Moreover, Mec1ATR- and Tel1ATM-dependent phosphorylation also occurs on DDR-unrelated proteins, suggesting that Mec1ATRand Tel1ATMhave a DDR-independent function in protein homeostasis. In this minireview, we first describe how human and budding yeast Rad51 are phosphorylated by multiple protein kinases at different positions to promote homology-directed DNA repair and recombination (HDRR). Then, we discuss recent findings showing that intrinsic structural disorder and Mec1ATR/Tel1ATM-dependent phosphorylation are coordinated in yeast Rad51 to regulate both HR and protein homeostasis.
Seismic stratigraphy of the Klints Bank east of Gotland (Baltic Sea): a giant drumlin sealing thermogenic hydrocarbons
Authors: Schäfer Wiebke , Hübscher Christian , Sopher Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work analyses six high-resolution multi-channel seismic profiles across the Klints Bank east of Gotland. The Klints Bank consists of a drop-shaped increase of the Quaternary thickness and is oriented in an approximately north-southern direction with a length of over 50 km, a width of about 15 km and a maximum thickness of 150 m. The glacial origin of the Klints Bank can be verified with the dataset presented in this study. We classify the feature as a (giant) drumlin due to its steep up-ice and tapered down-ice face in combination with an orientation parallel to the ice-flow direction of the Weichselian glaciation. The seismic image of the internal structure of the Quaternary unit shows no uniform stratification or deformation patterns; instead, local sub-parallel reflection patterns interlayered with transparent units are observed. The averaged seismic velocity of this unit is about 2000 m/s, which is interpreted as an autochthonous deposition of glaciogenic sediments. Signs of overprinting are interpreted based on the geometry of the flanks of the structure, which appear mostly in the form of collapse structures and lifted blocks due to compressional thrust faulting. Phase-reversed events within and beneath the Quaternary are perceived as strong evidence of fluid (hydrocarbon) presence within the Klints Bank. Organically enriched Palaeozoic shales in south-easterly direction of the Klints Bank presumably give the origin of these thermogenic hydrocarbons.
Long-term incidence and outcomes of obesity-related peripheral vascular disease after bariatric surgery
Authors: Moussa Osama , Ardissino Maddalena , Muttoni Silvia , Faraj Ara , Tang Alice , Khan Omar , Collins Peter , Jaffer Usman , Purkayastha Sanjay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and aims
Patients with obesity are at high risk of suffering from arterial and venous peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Bariatric surgery is an effective strategy to achieve weight reduction for patients with obesity. The long-term impact of bariatric surgery on obesity-related morbidity is subject to increasing research interest. This study aimed to ascertain the impact of bariatric surgery on the long-term occurrence of PVD in patients with obesity.

Methods
The study population was extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a nation-wide database containing primary and secondary care records of consenting patients. The intervention cohort was 2959 patients who had undergone bariatric surgery during follow-up; their controls were 2959 propensity-score-matched counterparts. The primary endpoint was development of any PVD: arterial or venous. Secondary endpoints were incident peripheral arterial disease alone, incident peripheral venous disease alone.

Results
Three hundred forty-six patients suffered a primary endpoint during follow-up. Bariatric surgery did not improve peripheral vascular disease rates as a whole, but it was associated with significantly lower event rates of arterial disease (HR = 0.560, 95%CI 0.327–0.959, p = 0.035) but higher event rates of venous disease (HR = 1.685, 95%CI 1.256–2.262, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Bariatric surgery was associated with significantly reduced long-term occurrence of arterial disease but increased occurrence of venous disease in patients with obesity.
Primary anastomosis as a valid alternative for extremely low birth weight infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation
Authors: Dübbers Martin , Holtkamp Gerd , Cernaianu Grigore , Bludau Marc , Fischer Janina , Keller Titus , Kribs Angela , Schulten Daisy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim was to assess the results of primary anastomosis (PA) compared to enterostomy (ES) in infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) and a weight below 1000 g. Between 2014 and 2016, enterostomy was routinely carried out on extremely low birth weight (ELBW) patients with SIP. From 2016 until 2019, all patients underwent anastomosis without stoma formation. We compared outcome and complications in both groups. Forty-two patients with a median gestational age of 24.3 weeks and a birth weight of 640 g with SIP were included. Thirty patients underwent PA; ES was performed in 12 patients. Overall in-hospital mortality was 11.9% (PA: 13.3%, ES: 8.3%). Reoperations due to complications became necessary in 10/30 patients with PA and 4/12 patients with ES. Length of stay was 110.5 days in the PA group and 124 days in the ES group. Median weight at discharge was higher in the PA group (PA: 2258 g, ES: 1880 g, p = .036).Conclusion: Primary anastomosis is a feasible treatment option for SIP in infants < 1000 g and may have a positive impact on weight gain and length of hospitalization. However, further studies on selection criteria for PA are necessary.

What is Known:• Enterostomy (ES) and primary anastomosis (PA) are feasible treatment options in preterm infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP).• Stomal complications or failure to thrive due to poor food utilization can pose significant problems.

What is New:• Primary anastomosis in case of SIP is equal to enterostomy in terms of mortality and revision rate; however, length of stay and weight gain can be presumably positively influenced.• Primary anastomosis is a valid treatment option even for patients weighing less than 1000 g.
Alternative splicing in normal and pathological human placentas is correlated to genetic variants
Authors: Ruano Camino S. M. , Apicella Clara , Jacques Sébastien , Gascoin Géraldine , Gaspar Cassandra , Miralles Francisco , Méhats Céline , Vaiman Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo major obstetric diseases, preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-induced endothelial dysfunction leading to hypertension and proteinuria, and intra-uterine growth-restriction (IUGR), a failure of the fetus to acquire its normal growth, are generally triggered by placental dysfunction. Many studies have evaluated gene expression deregulations in these diseases, but none has tackled systematically the role of alternative splicing. In the present study, we show that alternative splicing is an essential feature of placental diseases, affecting 1060 and 1409 genes in PE vs controls and IUGR vs controls, respectively, many of those involved in placental function. While in IUGR placentas, alternative splicing affects genes specifically related to pregnancy, in preeclamptic placentas, it impacts a mix of genes related to pregnancy and brain diseases. Also, alternative splicing variations can be detected at the individual level as sharp splicing differences between different placentas. We correlate these variations with genetic variants to define splicing Quantitative Trait Loci (sQTL) in the subset of the 48 genes the most strongly alternatively spliced in placental diseases. We show that alternative splicing is at least partly piloted by genetic variants located either in cis (52 QTL identified) or in trans (52 QTL identified). In particular, we found four chromosomal regions that impact the splicing of genes in the placenta. The present work provides a new vision of placental gene expression regulation that warrants further studies.