bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular calcium signalling and ageing
Authors: Harraz Osama F. , Jensen Lars Jørn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChanges in cellular Ca2+ levels have major influences on vascular function and blood pressure regulation. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) orchestrate vascular activity in distinct ways, often involving highly specific fluctuations in Ca2+ signalling. Ageing is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but the impact of ageing per se on vascular Ca2+ signalling has received insufficient attention. We reviewed the literature for age‐related changes in Ca2+ signalling in relation to vascular structure and function. Vascular tone dysregulation in several vascular beds has been linked to abnormal expression or activity of SMC voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+‐activated K+ channels or TRPC6 channels. Some of these effects were linked to altered caveolae density, microRNA expression or 20‐HETE abundance. Intracellular store Ca2+ handling was suppressed in ageing mainly via reduced expression of intracellular Ca2+ release channels, and Ca2+ reuptake or efflux pumps. An increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, leading to oxidative stress, could also play a role in SMC hypercontractility and structural remodelling in ageing. In ECs, ageing entailed diverse effects on spontaneous and evoked Ca2+ transients, as well as structural changes at the EC–SMC interface. The concerted effects of altered Ca2+ signalling on myogenic tone, endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation, and vascular structure are likely to contribute to blood pressure dysregulation and blood flow distribution deficits in critical organs. With the increase in the world's ageing population, future studies should be directed at solving specific ageing‐induced Ca2+ signalling deficits to combat the imminent accelerated vascular ageing and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Enhanced Pose Adjustment System for Wing-Box Assembly in Large Aircraft Manufacturing
Authors: Mei Biao , Yang Yongtai , Zhu Weidong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Strict quality requirements in aircraft manufacturing demand high-accuracy pose adjustment systems. However, the pose alignment process of a large complex structure is also affected by thermal and gravity deformations to a great extent. Even though the pose adjustment system passes accuracy verification, the pose of the large complex structure remains challenging to smoothly and efficiently converge to the desired pose. To solve this problem, we developed a pose adjustment system enhanced by integrating physical simulation for the wing-box assembly of a large aircraft. First, the development of the pose adjustment system, which is the base of the digital pose alignment of a large aircraft’s outer wing panel, is demonstrated. Then, pose alignment principles of duplex and multiple assembly objects based on the best-fit strategy are successively explored. After that, contribution analysis is conducted for nonideal pose alignment. Immediately following, influences of thermal and gravity deformations simultaneously coexisting for the pose alignment are discussed. Finally, a physical simulation-assisted pose alignment method is developed considering multisource errors, which uses the finite element analysis to integrate temperature fluctuation and gravity field effects. Compared with a conventional digital pose adjustment system driven by the classical best-fit, deviations of the key characteristic points significantly decreased despite the impacts of thermal and gravity deformations. The enhanced pose adjustment system has been applied to large aircraft wing-box assembly. It provides an improved understanding of the pose alignment of large-scale complex structures.
Novel Design of a Rotation Center Auto-Matched Ankle Rehabilitation Exoskeleton With Decoupled Control Capacity
Authors: Wang Tun , Olivoni Enea , Spyrakos-Papastavridis Emmanouil , O'Connor Rory J. , Dai Jian S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article presents a novel ankle rehabilitation exoskeleton for poststroke patients, the rotational center of which can automatically conform to each individual user’s ankle complex, once they wear the exoskeleton; this property always holds regardless of the point at which the exoskeleton is attached to the human shank. This exoskeleton has 2 rotation degree-of-freedoms (DOFs) and is able to provide 2 different rotation patterns via reconfiguration. In the combined-rotation pattern arrangement, the mechanism can generate all three kinds of rotations that the ankle complex is naturally capable of realizing. Among these rotational motions, the adduction/abduction rotation is a coupled motion. This rotation can be further reduced, or eliminated, by minimizing the distance between the lower connection points of the actuated links and the human ankle complex, and vice versa. For the other rotation pattern, a 90-degree arrangement of the side link offers decoupled motion control of the mechanism. Numerical studies reveal that the required rehabilitation workspace for dynamical gait exercises can be achieved with high dexterity, without generating singularities. Further investigations indicate that this mechanism has great potential for rehabilitating poststroke patients of a wide range of heights and weights.
Predicting inhospital admission at the emergency department: a systematic review
Authors: Brink Anniek , Alsma Jelmer , van Attekum Lodewijk AAM , Bramer Wichor M , Zietse Robert , Lingsma Hester , Schuit Stephanie CE 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundED crowding has potential detrimental consequences for both patient care and staff. Advancing disposition can reduce crowding. This may be achieved by using prediction models for admission. This systematic review aims to present an overview of prediction models for admission at the ED. Furthermore, we aimed to identify the best prediction tool based on its performance, validation, calibration and clinical usability.MethodsWe included observational studies published in Embase.com, Medline Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science Core Collection or Google scholar, in which admission models were developed or validated in a general medical population in European EDs including the UK. We used the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist to assess quality of model development. Model performance was presented as discrimination and calibration. The search was performed on 11 October 2020.ResultsIn total, 18 539 articles were identified. We included 11 studies, describing 16 different models, comprising the development of 9 models and 12 external validations of 11 models. The risk of bias of the development studies was considered low to medium. Discrimination, as represented by the area under the curve ranged from 0.630 to 0.878. Calibration was assessed in seven models and was strong. The best performing models are the models of Luckeet aland Cameronet al. These models combine clinical applicability, by inclusion of readily available parameters, and appropriate discrimination, calibration and validation.ConclusionNone of the models are yet implemented in EDs. Further research is needed to assess the applicability and implementation of the best performing models in the ED.Systematic review registration numberPROSPERO CRD42017057975.
Drug prescriptions and dementia incidence: a medication-wide association study of 17000 dementia cases among half a million participants
Authors: Wilkinson Tim , Schnier Christian , Bush Kathryn , Rannikmäe Kristiina , Lyons Ronan A , McTaggart Stuart , Bennie Marion , Sudlow Cathie LM 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that some medications may influence dementia risk. We conducted a hypothesis-generating medication-wide association study to investigate systematically the association between all prescription medications and incident dementia.MethodsWe used a population-based cohort within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, comprising routinely-collected primary care, hospital admissions and mortality data from Wales, UK. We included all participants born after 1910 and registered with a SAIL general practice at ≤60 years old. Follow-up was from each participant’s 60th birthday to the earliest of dementia diagnosis, deregistration from a SAIL general practice, death or the end of 2018. We considered participants exposed to a medication if they received ≥1 prescription for any of 744 medications before or during follow-up. We adjusted for sex, smoking and socioeconomic status. The outcome was any all-cause dementia code in primary care, hospital or mortality data during follow-up. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios and Bonferroni-corrected p values.ResultsOf 551 344 participants, 16 998 (3%) developed dementia (median follow-up was 17 years for people who developed dementia, 10 years for those without dementia). Of 744 medications, 221 (30%) were associated with dementia. Of these, 217 (98%) were associated with increased dementia incidence, many clustering around certain indications. Four medications (all vaccines) were associated with a lower dementia incidence.ConclusionsAlmost a third of medications were associated with dementia. The clustering of many drugs around certain indications may provide insights into early manifestations of dementia. We encourage further investigation of hypotheses generated by these results.
Astrocytic outer retinal layer thinning is not a feature in AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Lu Angelo , Zimmermann Hanna G , Specovius Svenja , Motamedi Seyedamirhosein , Chien Claudia , Bereuter Charlotte , Lana-Peixoto Marco A , Fontenelle Mariana Andrade , Ashtari Fereshteh , Kafieh Rahele , Dehghani Alireza , Pourazizi Mohsen , Pandit Lekha , D'Cunha Anitha , Kim Ho Jin , Hyun Jae-Won , Jung Su-Kyung , Leocani Letizia , Pisa Marco , Radaelli Marta , Siritho Sasitorn , May Eugene F , Tongco Caryl , De Sèze Jérôme , Senger Thomas , Palace Jacqueline , Roca-Fernández Adriana , Leite Maria Isabel , Sharma Srilakshmi M , Stiebel-Kalish Hadas , Asgari Nasrin , Soelberg Kerstin Kathrine , Martinez-Lapiscina Elena H , Havla Joachim , Mao-Draayer Yang , Rimler Zoe , Reid Allyson , Marignier Romain , Cobo-Calvo Alvaro , Altintas Ayse , Tanriverdi Uygur , Yildirim Rengin , Aktas Orhan , Ringelstein Marius , Albrecht Philipp , Tavares Ivan Maynart , Bichuetti Denis Bernardi , Jacob Anu , Huda Saif , Soto de Castillo Ibis , Petzold Axel , Green Ari J , Yeaman Michael R , Smith Terry J , Cook Lawrence , Paul Friedemann , Brandt Alexander U , Oertel Frederike Cosima 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundPatients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive (AQP4-IgG+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) frequently suffer from optic neuritis (ON) leading to severe retinal neuroaxonal damage. Further, the relationship of this retinal damage to a primary astrocytopathy in NMOSD is uncertain. Primary astrocytopathy has been suggested to cause ON-independent retinal damage and contribute to changes particularly in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL), as reported in some earlier studies. However, these were limited in their sample size and contradictory as to the localisation. This study assesses outer retinal layer changes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a multicentre cross-sectional cohort.Method197 patients who were AQP4-IgG+ and 32 myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody seropositive (MOG-IgG+) patients were enrolled in this study along with 75 healthy controls. Participants underwent neurological examination and OCT with central postprocessing conducted at a single site.ResultsNo significant thinning of OPL (25.02±2.03 µm) or ONL (61.63±7.04 µm) were observed in patients who were AQP4-IgG+ compared with patients who were MOG-IgG+ with comparable neuroaxonal damage (OPL: 25.10±2.00 µm; ONL: 64.71±7.87 µm) or healthy controls (OPL: 24.58±1.64 µm; ONL: 63.59±5.78 µm). Eyes of patients who were AQP4-IgG+ (19.84±5.09 µm, p=0.027) and MOG-IgG+ (19.82±4.78 µm, p=0.004) with a history of ON showed parafoveal OPL thinning compared with healthy controls (20.99±5.14 µm); this was not observed elsewhere.ConclusionThe results suggest that outer retinal layer loss is not a consistent component of retinal astrocytic damage in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD. Longitudinal studies are necessary to determine if OPL and ONL are damaged in late disease due to retrograde trans-synaptic axonal degeneration and whether outer retinal dysfunction occurs despite any measurable structural correlates.
New physics in rare B decays after Moriond 2021
Authors: Altmannshofer Wolfgang , Stangl Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe anomalies in rare B decays endure. We present results of an updated global analysis that takes into account the latest experimental input – in particular the recent results on $$R_K$$

R
K

and BR$$(B_s \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-)$$

(

B
s

→

μ
+

μ
-

)

– and that qualitatively improves the treatment of theory uncertainties. Fit results are presented for the Wilson coefficients of four-fermion contact interactions. We find that muon specific Wilson coefficients $$C_9 \simeq -0.73$$

C
9

≃
-
0.73

or $$C_9 = -C_{10} \simeq -0.39$$

C
9

=
-

C
10

≃
-
0.39

continue to give an excellent description of the data. If only theoretically clean observables are considered, muon specific $$C_{10} \simeq 0.60$$

C
10

≃
0.60

or $$C_9=-C_{10} \simeq -0.35$$

C
9

=
-

C
10

≃
-
0.35

improve over the Standard Model by $$\sqrt{\Delta \chi ^2} \simeq 4.7\sigma $$

Δ

χ
2

≃
4.7
σ

and $$\sqrt{\Delta \chi ^2} \simeq 4.6\sigma $$

Δ

χ
2

≃
4.6
σ

, respectively. In various new physics scenarios we provide predictions for lepton flavor universality observables and CP asymmetries that can be tested with more data. We update our previous combination of ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb data on BR$$(B_s \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-)$$

(

B
s

→

μ
+

μ
-

)

and BR$$(B^0\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-)$$

(

B
0

→

μ
+

μ
-

)

taking into account the full two-dimensional non-Gaussian experimental likelihoods.
FCC: Building on the shoulders of giants
Authors: Myers Stephen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe plethora of open questions in particle physics, the new chapter opened by the Higgs boson, and the lack of clear theoretical guidance as to where new theory could lie call for a broad and diverse experimental programme boosting the intensity and energy-frontier. The proposed FCC-integrated programme consisting of a luminosity-frontier highest-energy lepton collider followed by an energy-frontier hadron collider promises the most far-reaching particle physics programme that foreseeable technology can deliver. In this essay, particular emphasis is given to the lessons from the predecessor of the LHC, LEP, which was commissioned in 1989 and finished operation in November 2000.
Diamond distances in Nottingham algebras
Authors: Avitabile M. , Mattarei S. 
Published: October 2021

Nottingham algebras are a class of just-infinite-dimensional, modular, [Formula: see text]-graded Lie algebras, which includes the graded Lie algebra associated to the Nottingham group with respect to its lower central series. Homogeneous components of a Nottingham algebra have dimension one or two, and in the latter case they are called diamonds. The first diamond occurs in degree [Formula: see text], and the second occurs in degree [Formula: see text], a power of the characteristic. Many examples of Nottingham algebras are known, in which each diamond past the first can be assigned a type, either belonging to the underlying field or equal to [Formula: see text]. A prospective classification of Nottingham algebras requires describing all possible diamond patterns. In this paper, we establish some crucial contributions towards that goal. One is showing that all diamonds, past the first, of an arbitrary Nottingham algebra [Formula: see text] can be assigned a type, in such a way that the degrees and types of the diamonds completely describe [Formula: see text]. At the same time we prove that the difference in degrees of any two consecutive diamonds in any Nottingham algebra equals [Formula: see text]. As a side-product of our investigation, we classify the Nottingham algebras where all diamonds have type [Formula: see text].
Natural Course of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Children: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Santos Alejandro N. , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Saban Dino , Chen Bixia , Herten Annika , Dinger Thiemo Florin , Li Yan , Tippelt Stephan , Della Marina Adela , Dohna-Schwake Christian , Schmidt Börge , Jabbarli Ramazan , Wrede Karsten H. , Sure Ulrich , Dammann Philipp 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural course of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) in the pediatric population, with special emphasis on the risk of first and recurrent bleeding over a 5-year period.

Methods:
Our institutional database was screened for patients with CCM treated between 2003 and 2020. Patients ≤18 years of age with complete magnetic resonance imaging data set, clinical baseline characteristics, and ≥1 follow-up examination were included. Surgically treated individuals were censored after CCM removal. We assessed the impact of various parameters on first or recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at diagnosis using univariate and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative 5-year risk for (re)hemorrhage.

Results:

One hundred twenty-nine pediatric patients with CCM were analyzed. Univariate logistic regression identified brain stem CCM (odds ratio, 3.15 [95% CI, 1.15−8.63];
P
=0.026) and familial history of CCM (odds ratio, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.04−5.86];
P
=0.041) as statistically significant predictors of ICH at diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed this correlation (odds ratio, 3.62 [95% CI, 1.18−8.99];
P
=0.022 and odds ratio, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.07−5.98];
P
=0.035, respectively). Cox regression analysis identified ICH as mode of presentation (hazard ratio, 14.01 [95% CI, 1.80−110.39];
P
=0.012) as an independent predictor for rehemorrhage during the 5-year follow-up. The cumulative 5-year risk of (re)bleeding was 15.9% (95% CI, 10.2%−23.6%) for the entire cohort, 30.2% (20.2%−42.3%) for pediatric patients with ICH at diagnosis, and 29.5% (95% CI, 13.9%−51.1%) for children with brain stem CCM.

Conclusions:
Pediatric patients with brain stem CCM and familial history of CCM have a higher risk of ICH as mode of presentation. During untreated 5-year follow-up, they revealed a similar risk of (re)hemorrhage compared to adult patients. The probability of (re)bleeding increases over time, especially in cases with ICH at presentation or brain stem localization.
Asymmetric Weights and Retrieval Practice in an Autoassociative Neural Network Model of Paired-Associate Learning
Authors: Aenugu Sneha , Huber David E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rizzuto and Kahana (2001) applied an autoassociative Hopfield network to a paired-associate word learning experiment in which (1) participants studied word pairs (e.g., ABSENCE-HOLLOW), (2) were tested in one direction (ABSENCE-?) on a first test, and (3) were tested in the same direction again or in the reverse direction (?-HOLLOW) on a second test. The model contained a correlation parameter to capture the dependence between forward versus backward learning between the two words of a word pair, revealing correlation values close to 1.0 for all participants, consistent with neural network models that use the same weight for communication in both directions between nodes. We addressed several limitations of the model simulations and proposed two new models incorporating retrieval practice learning (e.g., the effect of the first test on the second) that fit the accuracy data more effectively, revealing substantially lower correlation values (average of .45 across participants, with zero correlation for some participants). In addition, we analyzed recall latencies, finding that second test recall was faster in the same direction after a correct first test. Only a model with stochastic retrieval practice learning predicted this effect. In conclusion, recall accuracy and recall latency suggest asymmetric learning, particularly in light of retrieval practice effects.
Music, Ontology and the Need for History: A Critical Discussion
Authors: Giombini Lisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although an ontological approach to musical works has dominated analytic aesthetics for almost fifty years, criticisms have recently started to spread in the philosophical literature. Contestants blame mainstream musical ontology for lacking historical awareness, questioning the cogency of metaphysical proposals that are substantially essentialist with regard to our musical concepts. My aim in this paper is to address this accusation by engaging the historicist critics in a sustained debate. I argue that even if the arguments based on history and sociology turn out to be accurate, this may not be enough of a reason to abandon the ontological project altogether. Ontology and history do not necessarily clash. Moreover, historical-sociological examinations do not fulfil our philosophical interest in music. I conclude by making a plea to “historical ontology,” a perspective that does not reject ontology but closely connects it to the dialectic between historical research and aesthetic interest.