bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional and emergent technologies for honey processing: A perspective on microbiological safety, bioactivity, and quality
Authors: Scepankova Hana , Pinto Carlos A. , Paula Vanessa , Estevinho Letícia M. , Saraiva Jorge A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHoney is a natural food of worldwide economic importance. Over the last decades, its potential for food, medical, cosmetical, and biotechnological applications has been widely explored. One of the major safety issues regarding such applications is its susceptibility to being contaminated with bacterial and fungi spores, including pathogenic ones, which may impose a hurdle to its consumption in a raw state. Another factor that makes this product particularly challenging relies on its high sugar content, which will lead to the formation of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) when heated (due to Maillard reactions). Moreover, honey's bioactivity is known to be affected when it goes through thermal processing due to its unstable and thermolabile components. Therefore, proper food processing methodologies are of utmost importance not only to ensure honey safety but also to provide a high‐quality product with low content of HMF and preserved biological properties. As so, emerging food processing technologies have been employed to improve the safety and quality of raw honey, allowing, for example, to reduce/avoid the exposure time to high processing temperatures, with consequent impact on the formation of HMF. This review aims to gather the literature available regarding the use of conventional and emergent food processing technologies (both thermal and nonthermal food processing technologies) for honey decontamination, preservation/enhancement of honey biological activity, as well as the sensorial attributes.
Fractional carbon dioxide laser for treating hypertrophic scars: A systematic review of randomised trials
Authors: Simbolon Sitohang Irma Bernadette , Sirait Sondang Aemilia P. , Safira Fadhila Dea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHypertrophic scars present collagen deposition and an abnormal extracellular matrix that cause abnormal shape changes and limit normal movement. Although fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy has provided promising evidence, the improvement of scarring has not been thoroughly reviewed. A systematic review of prospective randomised trial articles collected from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Scopus databases was conducted on 15 March 2020 in accordance with the PRISMA‐P statement. Types and duration of fractional carbon dioxide laser used in this study along with the comparative modalities were recorded in this review. Treatment efficacy was assessed as the primary outcome. Adverse events and patient satisfaction were assessed as the secondary outcome. Five prospective randomised studies were included in this study. All studies included showed a consistent result with a conclusion that CO2 fractional laser treatment demonstrated statistically significant improvement for various scar scoring methods. Combination with other modalities may yield better results in some studies with the risk of more severe adverse events. Temporary side effects such as itching or burning sensation, erythema and oedema were present but appeared to be minimal and well tolerated. Overall patients reported significant improvement in quality of life. Some of the studies are uncontrolled with relatively short‐term follow‐up. Controlled comparative studies within the same scar with larger sample size and longer follow‐up period are required. This evidence suggests that fractional CO2 laser treatment is effective for improving the clinical appearance of hypertrophic scars with a good safety profile.
Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein regulates cyclin B1 against spermatogenesis arrest caused by heat stress
Authors: Liu Heyu , Xu Chengcheng , Bao Meng , Huang Jin , Zou Liping , Fan Xiaorong , Zhu Changhong , Xia Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpermatogenesis arrest and spermatogenic cell apoptosis occur in the testes of heat‐stressed mice. Although heat stress‐induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis is due to the decreased expression of cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRBP), it remains unclear whether spermatogenesis arrest is also affected by CIRBP. Additionally, the specific mechanism by which CIRBP regulates spermatogenic cell apoptosis or inhibits spermatogenesis remains to be elucidated.ObjectivesTo investigate the mechanism by which CIRBP contributes to heat stress‐induced testicular spermatogenesis arrest.Materials and methodsTarget mRNAs downstream of CIRBP in testicular tissue of BALB/c mice, exposed or not to heat stress, were sequenced. Sequencing data were subjected to bioinformatics analysis to identify key mRNAs and pathways associated with heat stress‐induced spermatogenic damage. The link between CIRBP and its target mRNA Ccnb1 (cyclin B1) was verified by western blotting, flow cytometry, and RNA pulldown assays, and the ability of CIRBP to inhibit germ cell cycle arrest by regulating cyclin B1 expression was investigated in a mouse spermatocyte cell line (GC‐2spd).ResultsChanges in mRNA expression downstream of CIRBP were mainly associated with the cell cycle and RNA binding, transport and splicing. Cyclin B1 was found to regulate the G2/M transition during the first meiotic division of spermatogenic cells. Further, CIRBP was shown to bind directly to the 3′‐untranslated region of Ccnb1 mRNA and was associated with cyclin B1‐induced inhibition of spermatogenesis arrest.Discussion and conclusionIn conclusion, our results provide strong evidence that CIRBP may exert its key function in heat stress‐induced testicular spermatogenic cell injury partly by regulating the expression of Ccnb1, the product of which inhibits spermatogenesis arrest.
The association between intrapartum opioid fentanyl and early breastfeeding: A prospective observational study
Authors: Oommen Hanna , Oddbjørn Tveit Tor , Eskedal Leif T. , Myr Rachel , Swanson David M. , Vistad Ingvild 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntrapartum opioids in labor may interfere with the early breastfeeding phase and cause breastfeeding difficulties. This study examines the effects of intrapartum fentanyl given intravenously (IV) or through epidural analgesia (EDA) on early breastfeeding.Material and methodsThis is a prospective observational study conducted in a regional maternity unit. We included 1101 healthy mothers of term singleton babies in vertex presentation born between 2016 and 2018 (468 nulliparous and 633 multiparous). The main data were collected prospectively, and additional data were retrieved from hospital records. The main outcome measures were exclusive breastfeeding at discharge, spontaneous suckling, and breastfeeding problems after birth. We assessed the outcomes in four groups categorized by intrapartum opioid exposure: none, IV fentanyl, EDA fentanyl and IV+EDA fentanyl. We also analyzed the dose–response relation of fentanyl administered by epidural or IV and early breastfeeding. Ultimately, we dichotomized the IV fentanyl group into two groups (≤200 µg and >200 µg) to further study the effect on early breastfeeding.ResultsThe odds of non‐exclusive breastfeeding were doubled with EDA fentanyl (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, 95% CI 1.34–4.48, p = 0.004) and four times higher with IV+EDA fentanyl (OR 4.20, 95% CI 2.49–7.09, p < 0.001) compared with no opioid exposure. Spontaneous suckling was negatively associated with intrapartum fentanyl use (p < 0.001) irrespective of mode of administration. When the IV fentanyl doses exceeded 200 µg compared with less than 200 µg, we found a reduction in exclusive breastfeeding (81% vs. 89%; p = 0.014) and spontaneous suckling (68% vs. 83%; p < 0.001) and an increase in breastfeeding problems (41% vs. 27%; p = 0.004).ConclusionsFentanyl in labor is associated with breastfeeding difficulties. However, IV fentanyl in low doses (≤200 µg) seems to affect breastfeeding less than EDA fentanyl and is therefore a viable alternative when labor analgesia is needed. This could be most relevant for multiparous women, where a shorter labor is expected. More research is needed to determine the optimal dose and route of administration of fentanyl for labor analgesia.
‘We are unlikely to return to the same world, and I do not want it to destroy my future.’ Young people's worries through the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bjørknes Ragnhild , Sandal Gro Mjeldheim , Mæland Silje , Haug Ellen , Lehmann Stine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to explore what worries youth were having during the seventh to ninth week of the COVID‐19 lockdown. Our findings build on the responses to an open‐ended survey question from 1314 youths. The worries covered three main themes: ‘That my mom dies, then I am left all alone’: worries related to COVID‐19 virus infection; ‘To me, this is lost youth’: worries about the consequences of measures for the present life and near future; and ‘I will face a very difficult life in the future’: worries about the consequences of measures for the outlook on life. Young people worried that the measures would have a huge impact on their present life and outlook on life. The costs of restriction measures were unevenly distributed and indicated that the measures affected their mental health. Listening to youth voices during the pandemic is important for practitioners, educators and policymakers. The results indicate that the threshold for closing schools also including the provision of distance learning should be kept high. Social and health services for youth should offer early intervention and be prepared for an escalation in mental health problems in the imminent future.
Perception of moderate‐intensity physical activity by onset of obesity: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Rupp Kristie , Stewart Andrea L. , Friel Ciarán P. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryModerate‐intensity physical activity is recommended for inactive adults with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). The objective of this study is to determine if differences exist in the selection of moderate intensity between inactive adults with juvenile‐onset (JO) and adult‐onset (AO) OW/OB. Participants (JO = 18, AO = 20) were stratified by onset and completed two separate 20‐minute moderate‐intensity exercise sessions on a treadmill and cycle ergometer (randomized order). Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether exercise intensity (average METS, % age‐predicted HRmax), self‐reported pleasure or exertion differed by onset, controlling for age and gender. On the treadmill, JO and AO participants selected an average intensity of (mean [SD]) 3.5 (0.9) and 3.7 (0.9) METS, and 64.0 (7.7) and 64.9 (7.5) % of age‐predicted HRmax, respectively. On the cycle, JO and AO participants selected an average intensity of 3.3 (0.9) and 3.3 (1.0) METS, and 65.2 (8.8) and 60.7 (7.2) % of age‐predicted HRmax. After adjustment, participant intensity selection did not significantly differ by obesity onset when walking or cycling. There were no significant differences in pleasure or perceived exertion by onset, however, perception of exertion was on the high‐end of moderate for both the cycle (13.0, 12.5) and treadmill (12.0, 12.1), in JO and AO participants, respectively. Perception of moderate intensity did not differ by obesity onset. Self‐selected intensity was at the low end of moderate for walking and cycling.
Semantic Memory Search and Retrieval in a Novel Cooperative Word Game: A Comparison of Associative and Distributional Semantic Models
Authors: Kumar Abhilasha A. , Steyvers Mark , Balota David A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConsiderable work during the past two decades has focused on modeling the structure of semantic memory, although the performance of these models in complex and unconstrained semantic tasks remains relatively understudied. We introduce a two‐player cooperative word game, Connector (based on the boardgame Codenames), and investigate whether similarity metrics derived from two large databases of human free association norms, the University of South Florida norms and the Small World of Words norms, and two distributional semantic models based on large language corpora (word2vec and GloVe) predict performance in this game. Participant dyads were presented with 20‐item word boards with word pairs of varying relatedness. The speaker received a word pair from the board (e.g., exam‐algebra) and generated a one‐word semantic clue (e.g., math), which was used by the guesser to identify the word pair on the board across three attempts. Response times to generate the clue, as well as accuracy and latencies for the guessed word pair, were strongly predicted by the cosine similarity between word pairs and clues in random walk‐based associative models, and to a lesser degree by the distributional models, suggesting that conceptual representations activated during free association were better able to capture search and retrieval processes in the game. Further, the speaker adjusted subsequent clues based on the first attempt by the guesser, who in turn benefited from the adjustment in clues, suggesting a cooperative influence in the game that was effectively captured by both associative and distributional models. These results indicate that both associative and distributional models can capture relatively unconstrained search processes in a cooperative game setting, and Connector is particularly suited to examine communication and semantic search processes.
Hiding among holes: mechanisms underlying the evolution of masquerade in flea beetles (Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Folgar‐Cameán Yeray , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Konstantinov Alexander S. , Baselga Andrés 
Published: October 2021

1. The herbivorous flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Alticini) have evolved a masquerading strategy by hiding among their own feeding damage. Similarities between beetle bodies and their feeding damage may act as a defence that reduces detection by visual predators.2. We analyse the evolutionary origin of flea beetles' camouflage using the French fauna (284 species) as a case study. We assess two competing hypotheses: (H1) the type of leaf tissue is the primary determinant of the colour and size of beetle species feeding on them, because each type of leaf tissue may have a tendency to result in a particular type of damage or, (H2) the morphological characteristics of the beetle explain the damage pattern, because beetle species evolve strategies to produce feeding damage that matches its own characteristics.3. We assessed bipartite networks of feeding interactions (beetle species and host plants). Beetle‐host interactions were non‐randomly distributed and highly modular, with more than 25% of the network modules showing beetle colour and size distributions significantly different from null expectations.4. Our results suggest that the evolutionary origin of flea beetles masquerading can be partially explained by both hypotheses. Some host plants seem to restrict feeding damage appearance on their leaves, favouring the survival of specific beetles with matching colour and size (H1). However, in most plant taxa, it is suggested, the existence of beetle‐associated constraints exert a selective pressure for the beetle to damage leaves in a particular way, similar to its own colour and size (H2).
COVID‐19 pandemic's effects and telehealth in Early Psychosis Services of Quebec, Canada: Will changes last?
Authors: Pires de Oliveira Padilha Paula , Bertulies‐Esposito Bastian , L'Heureux Sophie , Olivier David , Lal Shalini , Abdel‐Baki Amal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic first wave in Quebec, Canada on practices in early intervention services (EIS) for first‐episode psychosis, including reorganization of clinical and administrative practices and teleconsultation use.MethodsAdopting a cross‐sectional descriptive study design, a 41 questions online survey was sent to the team leaders of all the 33 Quebec EIS, of which 100% responded. Data were collected from 18 May to 4 June 2020 and analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Programmes were categorized as urban/non‐urban and results were compared between these.ResultsAll 33 existing Quebec EIS (16 urban and 17 non‐urban) completed the survey. Among them, 85% did not experience redeployment of EIS team staff and 58% reported stable frequency of patient interactions, either in‐person or through telemedicine. During the studied period, 64% of programmes reported that all professionals used teleconsultation at least occasionally. However, 73% of programmes, mostly in non‐urban areas, reported some limitations regarding clinicians' degree of ease with teleconferencing platforms and half of EIS could not access technical support to use them. The majority of EIS (94%) expressed interest to participate in a training program about the use of technologies for teleconsultations. Many smaller clinics reported interest in offering multiregional/multiclinics group teletherapy, therefore merging their pool of patients and clinical staff workforce.ConclusionsFurther studies are warranted to improve access to and use of technology‐mediated treatment, which seems to be a promising alternative to provide high‐quality mental healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.
School closures in France in 2020: Inequalities and consequences for perceptions, practices and relationships towards and within schools
Authors: Pirone Filippo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe French education system is known for its inequalities, as well as difficulties in relations between teachers, pupils and their families. But what happens when schools close their gates and begin teaching remotely? To support a sociological discussion of quantitative (N = 5,875) and qualitative (N = 20) data collected with the participation of French teachers during the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic, this article illustrates how the period of distance teaching was handled and the consequences for perceptions, practices and relations between teachers, pupils and families. The results from our survey show that, although educational inequalities increased during the period of school closures, it nonetheless enabled a good number of school stakeholders to reaffirm their commitment to learning and teaching and to strengthen social connections. If the exceptional constraints forced teachers to seek out new educational solutions and develop new professional knowledge and skills, it remains open to question, however, whether these changes will permanently improve French school climate and reduce learning inequalities.
How much feedback do employees need? A field study of absolute feedback frequency reports and performance
Authors: Mertens Shana , Schollaert Eveline , Anseel Frederik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScholars and practitioners in the field of performance management have advocated an increase in the exchange of feedback in the workplace. Practitioners would benefit from guidelines about appropriate feedback frequencies, but the current literature does not offer much guidance. Our study investigates how self‐reports of absolute frequencies relate to performance and job satisfaction. In a sample of diverse organizations, employees reported, on average, 3.8 feedback conversations in 3 weeks. Contrary to earlier suggestions that there might be an optimal feedback frequency, we find support for the notion that more feedback is better, without any indication of a downward trend at the highest feedback frequency. Our findings suggest that leader–member exchange may be one underlying mechanism that mediates this relationship.
Nurses’ views and practices on parental mental illness: An integrative review
Authors: Vives‐Espelta Judit , Burjalés‐Martí Maria‐Dolors , Ferré‐Grau Carme 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen a parent has a mental health problem, family members can be affected by it. Nursing professionals can provide care for the whole family, including children. Nurses can support the parental role of parents with mental illness. This integrative review aimed at the following: To identify and to synthesize the views and practices of nurses on parental mental illness (PMI). An integrative review methodology was employed, following PRISMA guidelines. Theoretical and empirical literature was included. Twenty‐three articles were obtained to be analysed, using the Whittemore and Knafl approach. A lack of knowledge about nurses' views and practices on PMI was found. Especially, in some demographic areas such as Mediterranean countries and Central and South America. Different issues which influence how nurses perceive PMI were identified: subjective meaning of family concept, personal experience of being parent, and perceptions of mental illness, among others. The main findings on nurses’ practices were as follows: guidelines to implement family‐focused practices, knowledge, and skills; therapeutic relationship; and teamwork and interagency communication; among others. These issues are intimately related. They could act as enablers or barriers to support parental role of parents with mental illness. Adequate guidelines and policies are necessary to support parents with mental illness and their families. There is a need to include knowledge about PMI and family‐focused approach in nursing education curricula. Training could include reflection on nurses’ experiences and personal values to become aware of how these can affect their interventions and practices.
Mental health clinician training and experiences with utilization of advance statements in Victoria, Australia
Authors: James Russell , Maude Phil , Searby Adam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvance statements, advance directives, or psychiatric wills are a key component of a shift to mental healthcare that promotes autonomy and choice and aims to reduce restrictive and coercive care practices in mental health treatment settings. The use of advance statements has gained momentum to provide a means for individuals to detail clear preferences for mental health treatment. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive design to explore the experiences of clinicians (n = 15) implementing advance statements in the state of Victoria, Australia, a region that introduced advance statements as part of an overhaul of mental health legislation in 2014. The study, reported using the COREQ framework, found two key themes after analysis: experiences of advance statement training, with the availability and quality of training and training as a driver of change emerging as sub‐themes, and experiences of advance statements in practice, with participants providing narratives of the barriers and facilitators to successful advance statement implementation. We recommend that clinician and service user experiences of advance statement implementation are further explored to identify existing and emerging barriers to implementation of these tools, which are crucial to achieve autonomy and choice for individuals receiving mental healthcare.