bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of air polishing with erythritol powder followed by ultrasonic calculus removal versus conventional ultrasonic debridement and rubber cup polishing for the treatment of gingivitis: A split‐mouth randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mensi Magda , Scotti Eleonora , Sordillo Annamaria , Dalè Matteo , Calza Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical efficacy in the short‐term resolution of gingivitis of a novel protocol involving full‐mouth erythritol powder air polishing followed by ultrasonic calculus removal.MethodsForty‐one healthy patients completed the study. Following a split‐mouth design, quadrants 1–4 and 2–3 were randomly allocated to receive air polishing followed by ultrasonic calculus removal (A+US) or traditional full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement followed by polishing with a rubber cup and prophylactic paste (US+P). Bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) were collected at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. Moreover, the residual plaque area (RPA), treatment time and patient comfort/satisfaction were evaluated at the end of the treatment.ResultsBoth treatments showed a significant reduction in BoP and PI. At 4 weeks, A+US seems to reach a statistically significant lower BoP (8.7% [6.9; 10.9] vs. 11.6%[9.3; 14.4], p < 0.0001) and PI (10.7% [8.9; 13.0] vs. 12.3% [10.2; 14.9], p = 0.033). Moreover, A+US treatment time lasted on average 9.2% less than US+P (p < 0.0001) and was the preferred treatment for a significantly higher number of patients (73.2% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.0001).ConclusionThe A+US protocol is suitable for the short‐term resolution of plaque‐induced gingivitis.
Electrochemical studies of heat‐treated NiCrMoFeCoAl and NiCrMoFeCoAl‐30%Cr3C2 HVOF coatings on T22 boiler steel
Authors: Patil Viresh G. , Kandaiah Sakthivel , Somasundaram Balaraman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, we present the corrosion behavior of NiCrMoFeCoAl and NiCrMoFeCoAl‐30%Cr3C2 high‐velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) coatings on the ASTM‐SAE213‐T22 boiler tube steel alloy. The samples exposed to molten salt (Na2SO4–60%V2O5) environment at 700℃ under thermocyclic conditions were investigated in conjunction with electrochemical techniques. The surface structures and morphologies of heat‐treated samples suggest the extent of corrosion is least for the NiCrMoFeCoAl‐30%Cr3C2‐coated steel. Room‐temperature electrochemical analysis of heat‐treated samples demonstrate the good stability with NiCrMoFeCoAl‐30%Cr3C2 layers on T22 steel at solid/liquid interface under neutral pH conditions. The potentiodynamic and impedance analyses reveal that the higher charge transfer resistance was observed for NiCrMoFeCoAl‐30%Cr3C2‐coated steel, followed by NiCrMoFeCoAl‐coated steel and bare T22 steel. The chromium carbide containing the HVOF coating exhibit a highly dense layer and the metal chromites/chromates on the post‐heat‐treated coatings provide poor access for the electrolyte to base alloy and subsequently improve corrosion stability.
Antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of low molecular weight shrimp chitosan and its derivatives on seasoned‐dried Pangasius fillets
Authors: Binh Nguyen Thi Thanh , Bao Huynh Nguyen Duy , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Trung Trang Si 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and applicability of low molecular weight shrimp chitosan (LMWC) and its derivatives (chitosan nanoparticles, CN; chitosan hydrochloride salt, CHS) as a preservative against lipid oxidation and microbial growth in seasoned‐dried Pangasius hypophthalmus fillets during storage. All chitosans exhibited antioxidant activity in vitro (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, total reducing power ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity). The lipid oxidation in dried pangasius fillets that were seasoned by immersing in a solution containing 1.5% chitosan was suppressed during the 8‐week storage; such effect was more effective than immersing in a solution containing 0.05% vitamin C. Likewise, LMWC and its derivatives were more effective in inhibiting microbial growth (lower total viable count and yeast/mould counts) than the control. These results clearly show that LMWC and its derivatives could be a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial preservative in seasoned‐dried pangasius fillets during 8‐week storage at 20 °C.
LncRNA MALAT1 potentiates inflammation disorder in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yang Huimin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith this investigation, we investigated on the contribution of lncRNA MALAT1 to inflammation disorder in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Serum samples were gathered from sporadic PD patients and healthy controls, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MALAT1, including rs11227209, rs3200401, rs4102217, rs591291, rs619586 and rs664589, were identified. Serum level of MALAT1 was quantified using RT‐PCR, and IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ levels in serum were measured with ELISA kits. Inflammation cell models were established by treating PC12 cells with LPS, and cytokine production of pcDNA3.1‐MALAT1/si‐MALAT1‐transfected PC12 cells was evaluated. The results showed that PD patients with high serum level of MALAT1 were associated with lower MMSE score and higher serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ than patients carrying low serum level of MALAT1 (p < .05). Mutant alleles of SNPs in MALAT1, including rs3200401 (C>T) and rs4102217 (G>C), tended to elevate PD susceptibility and facilitate cytokine production, as compared with their wild alleles (p < .05). And LPS‐exposed PC12 cells secreted larger amounts of inflammation cytokines in the pcDNA3.1‐MALAT1 group than in the Mock group (p < .05). In conclusion, MALAT1 participated in modifying inflammation disorder underlying PD aetiology, suggesting that it might be a promising therapeutic target for PD.
White blood cell evaluation in haematological malignancies using a web‐based digital microscopy platform
Authors: Makhija Karan , Lincz Lisa F , Attalla Khaled , Scorgie Fiona E , Enjeti Anoop K , Prasad Ritam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionDigital microscopy systems are beginning to replace traditional light microscopes for morphologic analysis of blood films, but these are geographically restricted to individual computers and technically limited by manufacturer's constraints. We explored the use of a scanner‐agnostic web‐based artificial intelligence (AI) system to assess the accuracy of white blood cell (WBC) differentials and blast identification in haematological malignancies.MethodsDigitized images of 20 normal and 124 abnormal peripheral blood films were uploaded to the web‐based platform (Techcyte©) and WBC differentials performed using the online AI software. Digital images were viewed for accuracy and manual cell reassignment was performed where necessary. Results were correlated to the ‘gold standard’ of manual microscopy for each WBC class, and sensitivity and specificity of blast identification were calculated.ResultsThe AI digital differential was very strongly correlated to microscopy (r > .8) for most normal cell types and did not require any manual reassignment. The AI digital differential was less reliable for abnormal blood films (r = .50‐.87), but could be greatly improved by manual assessment of digital images for most cell types (r > .95) with the exception of immature granulocytes (r = .62). For blast identification, initial AI digital differentials showed 96% sensitivity and 25% specificity, which was improved to 99% and 84%, respectively, after manual digital review.ConclusionsThe Techcyte platform allowed remote viewing and manual analysis of digitized slides that was comparable to microscopy. The AI software produced adequate WBC differentials for normal films and had high sensitivity for blast identification in malignant films.
Evaluation of Sigma metric approach for monitoring the performance of automated analyzers in hematology unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital
Authors: Ahmed El‐Neanaey Wafaa , Mahmoud AbdEllatif Nihal , Abdel Haleem Abo Elwafa Reham 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSigma metric offers a quantitative framework for evaluating process performance in clinical laboratories. This study aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of automated analyzers in hematology unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital using the sigma metric approach.Materials and MethodsQuality control data were collected for 6 months, and sigma value was calculated from hematology analyzers SYSMEX (XN 1000, XT 1800i), ADVIA (2120i, 2120), and coagulation analyzers SYSMEX CA 1500 (3610, 6336).ResultsFor the normal control level, satisfactory mean sigma value ≥3 was observed for all of the studied parameters by all analyzers. For the high control level, red blood cell count by ADVIA 2120, and hematocrit by ADVIA (2120i and 2120) performed poorly with a mean sigma value <3. For the low control level, red blood cell count by ADVIA (2120i and 2120), hemoglobin by ADVIA 2120, hematocrit by ADVIA (2120i and 2120) and SYSMEX XN 1000, platelet count by the SYSMEX XT 1800i also performed poorly with a mean sigma value <3. Satisfactory mean sigma value of ≥3 was observed for prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time for both normal and pathological control levels and analyzers.ConclusionSigma metrics can be used as a guide to make QC strategy and plan QC frequency and can facilitate the comparison of the same assay performance across multiple systems. Harmonization for TEa source is recommended to standardize sigma value calculation.
Surveillance of urachal abscess in the Kyushu–Okinawa area of Japan
Authors: Tobu Shohei , Udo Kazuma , Nishihara Kiyoaki , Miyajima Shigero , Ando Tadasuke , Onizuka Chie , Itesako Toshihiko , Ashikari Asuka , Hakariya Tomoaki , Igawa Tsukasa , Tanaka Masatoshi , Shin Toshitaka , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Nakagawa Masayuki , Saito Seiichi , Sakai Hideki , Eto Masatoshi , Kamba Tomomi , Fujimoto Naohiro , Noguchi Mitsuru 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo report a multicenter experience with the management of urachal abscess treatment in Japan.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 263 cases of urachal abscess managed at 12 university hospitals in the Kyushu–Okinawa region over a 10‐year period. Age, sex, abscess size, clinical symptoms, type of urachal remnants, and treatment were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe average age was 29.8 ± 18.1 years, with males accounting for approximately two‐thirds of the study population. The average abscess size was 1.7 cm (range 0–11 cm). The most common presenting symptom was umbilical secretion (66%), followed by abdominal pain (46%). A total of 127 patients (48.3%) were treated with antibiotics alone, whereas 136 patients (51.7%) received surgical treatment. The surgical approach was laparotomy in 75 patients (61.0%) and laparoscopic surgery in 48 patients (39.0%). Regarding the type of urachal remnant, the urachus sinus (180 patients) accounted for 68.4% of the total.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study represents the first report on urachal abscess treatment in Japan. Our data show that the clinical symptoms might vary depending on the type of urachus remnant. It should be noted that gross hematuria, a characteristic symptom of urachal cancer, is rare in patients with urachal abscess.
Family Separation and Remigration Intentions to the USA among Mexican Deportees
Authors: Vargas Valle Eunice D. , Hamilton Erin R. , Orraca Romano Pedro P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasingly stringent immigration enforcement in the US interior has led to the deportation of large numbers of long‐term Mexican immigrants with families in the USA. We analyse the statistical association between the intent to return to the USA and leaving minor children with spouses or other people in the USA among Mexican immigrants deported from the US interior in 2014–2018, and explore if this association varies by sex and year of deportation. We employ the deportees’ section of the Survey on Migration on Mexico's Northern Border. The results indicate that having left children in the USA considerably increases the likelihood of a plan to return to the USA, especially in the short term and when deportees left minor children with a spouse. Remigration plans were higher among women and slightly decreased over time among parents, suggesting a continued failure of policy to account for the family circumstances of immigrants.
Contagion of fear: Is the impact of COVID‐19 on sovereign risk really indiscriminate?
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Öztürkkal Belma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of infectious diseases on the evolution of sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads for a panel of 77 countries. Using annual data over 2004–2020, we find that infectious‐disease outbreaks have no discernible effect on CDS spreads, after controlling for macroeconomic and institutional factors. However, a granular analysis using high‐frequency data indicates that the COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on CDS spreads. This adverse effect appears to be more pronounced in advanced economies, which may reflect the greater severity of the pandemic and depth of the economic crisis in these countries, at least during the initial stage of the outbreak, as well as underreporting in developing countries due to differences in testing availability and institutional capacity. While more stringent containment measures help lower sovereign CDS spreads, the fiscal burden of these efforts could undermine credit worthiness and eventually push the cost of borrowing higher.
Generating 3D digital material twins for woven ceramic‐matrix composites from μCT images
Authors: Chen Yihui , Chen Yanfei , Wang Dawei , Ai Shigang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel method for generating 3D digital material twins (DMTs) from μCT images for woven ceramic‐matrix composites. The key points to generating DMTs are the efficient and high‐precision identification and segmentation of fiber yarns, matrix, and defects in μCT images. Due to the low gray contrast among fiber yarns, traditional threshold segmentation methods cannot effectively obtain the corresponding woven structures. Therefore, a novel deep convolution neural network (DCNN) model with the U‐Net architecture is developed to overcome these difficulties. Based on this approach, cross sections and centerlines of fiber yarns are identified and used to reconstruct their 3D architectures. Defects are introduced through the spatial mapping between their locations in μCT images and the 3D meshes of the matrix. The DMTs of a C/SiC woven composite with quantitative matrix porosity defects are established, and a simulation of the composite under tension is presented. The DMTs approach provides new insights into damage and failure analyses of ceramic‐matrix composites.
Grain size engineered 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3 ceramics with excellent microwave dielectric properties and prominent mechanical performance
Authors: Yu Yan , Wang Yingjin , Guo Weijia , Zhu Chaoqiong , Ji An , Wu Hao , Liang Shujian , Xiong Shan , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrowave communication systems are being developed with the goal to achieve miniaturization and high reliability. There are urgent requirements for microwave dielectric materials to exhibit low sintering temperatures, excellent microwave dielectric properties, and prominent mechanical performance. However, simultaneously achieving these requirements is a significant challenge. These concerns have been addressed in the uniform ultrafine‐grained 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3 ceramics with an average grain size of ~0.6 µm via a grain size engineering strategy. Interestingly, the sintering temperature in the unique two‐step sintering method of 1250℃/1 min and 1130℃/10 h is much lower (200–300℃) than that obtained in the conventional sintering method reported previously (1400–1450℃). Excellent dielectric properties are achieved, with relative permittivity εr = 20.11, quality factor Q × f = 68 613 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf = 1.81 ppm/℃. The bending strength , Vickers hardness Hv, and elastic modulus E reach up to 212.4 MPa, 10.1 GPa, and 200.7 GPa, respectively. These values are significantly enhanced over those of samples obtained via the conventional sintering method with an average grain size of ~2.5 µm. For the first time, uniform ultrafine‐grained microwave dielectric materials with excellent microwave dielectric properties and prominent mechanical performance were synthesized. This work provides a guideline for developing other high‐performance microwave dielectric materials and makes a significant contribution to the miniaturization and high reliability of microwave dielectric devices.
Introduction: Nonparadigmatic Punishments
Authors: Coverdale Helen Brown , Wringe Bill 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis is an introduction to the Symposium on Nonparadigmatic Forms of Punishment. We explain what we mean by calling certain instances of punishment 'nonparadigmatic' and explain why nonparadigmatic punishments are of philosophical interest. We then introduce the contributions to the Special Issue and conclude by outlining directions that future research on nonparadigmatic punishment might take. We focus on three particular ways in which punishment might be nonparadigmatic: cases involving nonstandard punishing agents, those involving nonstandard subjects of punishment, and those involving nonstandard means of punishment.
Low fasting glucose‐to‐estimated average glucose ratio was associated with superior response to insulin degludec/aspart compared with basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jang Han Na , Yang Ye Seul , Oh Tae Jung , Koo Bo Kyung , Lee Seong Ok , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak Chul , Jung Hye Seung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe benefits of once‐daily insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp) compared with basal insulin in type 2 diabetes patients have not been established.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study. From a basal insulin cohort from three referral hospitals, patients were enrolled who initiated once‐daily IDegAsp. A control group maintaining basal insulin was selected by propensity score matching. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) changes over a period of 6 months and associated clinical factors were evaluated.ResultsThe IDegAsp group and the control group comprised of 87 patients, respectively. Baseline HbA1c was comparable between the two groups (8.7 ± 0.9 vs 8.6 ± 0.9%, mean and standard deviation). After 6 months with matched insulin doses, HbA1c in the IDegAsp group was lower than that in the control group (8.1 ± 1.0 vs 8.4 ± 1.1%, P = 0.029). Among baseline variables, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting C‐peptide in the IDegAsp were lower than that in the control (FPG 124.2 ± 38.4 vs 148.0 ± 50.6 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Considering that the lower FPG despite the comparable HbA1c could be related with the efficacy of IDegAsp, subgroup analysis was carried out according to a ratio of FPG‐to‐estimated average glucose, which is calculated from HbA1c. When compared with each control group, the superiority of IDegAsp in the reduction of HbA1c was significant only in the patients with a lower FPG‐to‐estimated average glucose ratio (0.49 ± 0.09), but not in those with a higher FPG‐to‐estimated average glucose ratio (0.79 ± 0.20).ConclusionsWe observed that IDegAsp was more effective than basal insulin in patients with an FPG lower than predicted by HbA1c, which might be related with insulin deficiency and postprandial hyperglycemia in patients on basal insulin therapy.
Comparative safety of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and sulfonylureas among frail older adults
Authors: Zullo Andrew R. , Smith Robert J. , Gutman Roee , Kohler Bianca , Duprey Matthew S. , Berry Sarah D. , Munshi Medha N. , Dore David D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies comparing dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4Is) to sulfonylureas (SUs) are unavailable for frail older adults, especially nursing home (NH) residents. We examined the effects of DPP4Is versus SUs on severe adverse glycemic events, cardiovascular events, and death among NH residents.MethodsWe conducted a national retrospective cohort study of long‐stay NH residents aged ≥65 years using 2008–2010 national US Minimum Data Set clinical assessment data and linked Medicare claims. Exposure was new DPP4I versus new SU use assessed via Medicare Part D drug claims. One‐year outcomes were severe hypoglycemia, severe hyperglycemia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), major adverse cardiovascular events plus HF (MACE+HF), and death. We compared outcomes after propensity score matching using Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsThe cohort (N = 2016) had a mean (SD) age of 81 (8.1) years and was 72% female. Compared with SU users, DPP4I users had a lower 1‐year rate of severe hypoglycemic events (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.94), but statistically similar rates of severe hyperglycemic events (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.52–1.72), AMI (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.44–1.30), HF (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.79–1.30), MACE+HF (HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.72–1.12), and death (HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.86–1.10).ConclusionsDPP4Is should be a preferred treatment option over SUs for NH residents and other frail older adults given the importance of avoiding hypoglycemia.
Marine biomass for a circular blue‐green bioeconomy? A life cycle perspective on closing nitrogen and phosphorus land‐marine loops
Authors: Thomas Jean‐Baptiste E. , Sinha Rajib , Strand Åsa , Söderqvist Tore , Stadmark Johanna , Franzén Frida , Ingmansson Ida , Gröndahl Fredrik , Hasselström Linus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA blue‐green bioeconomy revolution is underway in Europe, with particular attention being paid to the development of new or underutilized marine biomass resources. The wild harvest and mariculture of low‐trophic non‐fed species of marine biomass may be contributing to circular economies, the mitigation of environmental problems such as eutrophication and climate change through the uptake of nutrients and carbon, while also recovering finite phosphorus from marine coastal environments, thus contributing to food security. The present study provides a cradle‐to‐gate life cycle perspective on seven established or innovative/emerging marine biomass utilization cases in Sweden: mariculture of sugar kelp, blue mussels, and ascidians and the harvest of invasive Pacific oysters along the Skagerrak coast, the mariculture of blue mussels in the Baltic sea, the harvest of common reed in the Stockholm archipelago, and the harvest of beach‐cast seaweed in Gotland. Results showed that the mariculture cases were found to contribute to eutrophication and climate impact mitigation (at gate). All cases were found to contribute to closing the loop on phosphorus by enabling recovery from marine or coastal environments, bridging marine–land flows, all while performing well from an environmental perspective with a relatively low cumulative energy demand and low carbon and nutrient footprints. This highlights the potential of low‐trophic biomass to contribute to phosphorus security in the future, and demonstrates the value of industrial ecology tools such as LCA in support of this imminent Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.