bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A standardised biologging approach to infer parturition: An application in large herbivores across the hider‐follower continuum
Authors: Marchand Pascal , Garel Mathieu , Morellet Nicolas , Benoit Laura , Chaval Yannick , Itty Christian , Petit Elodie , Cargnelutti Bruno , Hewison Aidan J. M. , Loison Anne 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The timing of birth has a predominant influence on both the reproductive success of the mother and the life‐history trajectory of her offspring. Because early growth and survival are key drivers of population dynamics, there is an urgent need to understand how global change is affecting reproductive phenology and performance. However, identifying when and where birth occurs is often difficult in the wild due to the cryptic behaviour of females around parturition, although this information may also help managers to protect reproductive females and newborn against human disturbance. While several approaches to identify parturition based on movement metrics derived from GPS monitoring have previously been proposed, their performance has not been evaluated over a range of species with contrasted movement characteristics.

Here, we present a novel approach to detect parturition by combining data on animal movements, activity rate and habitat use. Using machine learning approaches, we evaluated the relative and combined performance of each category of metrics in predicting parturition for three large herbivores with contrasted life histories: a hider‐type species, the roe deer Capreolus capreolus and two follower‐type species, the Mediterranean mouflon Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp. and the Alpine ibex Capra ibex.

We first showed that detection of parturition was much improved when birth‐related modifications in the habitat use and activity rate of the mother were considered, rather than relying on movement metrics only. We then demonstrated that our approach was highly successful (76%–100% of events correctly identified) in detecting parturition in both follower and hider species. Furthermore, our approach generated estimates for peak birth date and the proportion of parturient females that were comparable with those based on direct observations at the population scale. Finally, our approach outperformed the most commonly employed methods in the literature which generally failed to identify non‐reproductive females for the three studied species, and provided birth timing estimates that only poorly match the true parturition date.

We suggest that by combining sources of information, we have developed a standardised methodological approach for inferring parturition in the wild, not only for large herbivores but also for any species where parturition induces marked behavioural changes in the mother.
Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome frequently occurs in paediatric intensive care without algorithm for tapering of analgosedation
Authors: Dokken Mette , Rustøen Tone , Diep Lien M. , Fagermoen Frode E. , Huse Rakel I. , A. Rosland Gudny , Egerod Ingrid , Bentsen Gunnar K. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAnalgesics and sedatives are key elements to reduce physiological and psychological stress associated with treatment in paediatric intensive care. Prolonged drug use may induce tolerance and development of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) during the tapering phase. Our primary aim was to describe the prevalence of IWS among critically ill ventilated patients in two Norwegian paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), and secondary to investigate what motivated bedside nurses to administer additional drug doses.MethodsMechanically ventilated patients (n = 40) from newborn to eighteen years of age, with continuous infusions of opioids and benzodiazepines for 5 days or more, were included consecutively from May 2016 to June 2018. By using Withdrawal Assessment Tool‐1 (WAT‐1) twice daily we recorded the prevalence of IWS. Additionally, we recorded signs and symptoms that led bedside nurses to administration extra bolus medication.ResultsPeak WAT‐1 score indicated an IWS prevalence of 95% in this selected group. The first days of the tapering phase were most critical for IWS. The most frequent symptoms triggering administration of additional bolus doses were agitation/restlessness, and thiopental and propofol were the bolus drugs used most frequently.ConclusionsIWS affected 95% of the children having received infusions of opioids and benzodiazepines for 5 days or more in PICUs without a tapering protocol for these drugs. This calls for implementation and testing of such weaning protocols.
Acute pulmonary hypertension and short‐term outcomes in severe Covid‐19 patients needing intensive care
Authors: Norderfeldt Joakim , Liliequist Andreas , Frostell Claes , Adding Christofer , Agvald Per , Eriksson Maria , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionCritically ill Covid‐19 pneumonia patients are likely to develop the sequence of acute pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular (RV) strain, and eventually RV failure due to known pathophysiology (endothelial inflammation plus thrombo‐embolism) that promotes increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of acute pulmonary hypertension (aPH) as per established trans‐thoracic echocardiography (TTE) criteria in Covid‐19 patients receiving intensive care and to explore whether short‐term outcomes are affected by the presence of aPH.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for patients treated in the intensive care units at a tertiary university hospital over a month. The presence of aPH on the TTE was noted, and plasma NTproBNP and troponin were measured as markers of cardiac failure and myocardial injury, respectively. Follow‐up data were collected 21 d after the performance of TTE.ResultsIn total, 26 of 67 patients (39%) had an assessed systolic pulmonary artery pressure of > 35 mmHg (group aPH), meeting the TTE definition of aPH. NTproBNP levels (median [range]: 1430 [102‐30 300] vs. 470 [45‐29 600] ng L−1; P = .0007), troponin T levels (63 [22‐352] vs. 15 [5‐407] ng L−1; P = .0002), and the 21‐d mortality rate (46% vs. 7%; P < .001) were substantially higher in patients with aPH compared to patients not meeting aPH criteria.ConclusionTTE‐defined acute pulmonary hypertension was frequently observed in severely ill Covid‐19 patients. Furthermore, aPH was linked to biomarker‐defined myocardial injury and cardiac failure, as well as an almost sevenfold increase in 21‐d mortality.
Proteomics in aging research: A roadmap to clinical, translational research
Authors: Moaddel Ruin , Ubaida‐Mohien Ceereena , Tanaka Toshiko , Lyashkov Alexey , Basisty Nathan , Schilling Birgit , Semba Richard D , Franceschi Claudio , Gorospe Myriam , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe identification of plasma proteins that systematically change with age and, independent of chronological age, predict accelerated decline of health is an expanding area of research. Circulating proteins are ideal translational “omics” since they are final effectors of physiological pathways and because physicians are accustomed to use information of plasma proteins as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and tracking the effectiveness of treatments. Recent technological advancements, including mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics, multiplexed proteomic assay using modified aptamers (SOMAscan), and Proximity Extension Assay (PEA, O‐Link), have allowed for the assessment of thousands of proteins in plasma or other biological matrices, which are potentially translatable into new clinical biomarkers and provide new clues about the mechanisms by which aging is associated with health deterioration and functional decline. We carried out a detailed literature search for proteomic studies performed in different matrices (plasma, serum, urine, saliva, tissues) and species using multiple platforms. Herein, we identified 232 proteins that were age‐associated across studies. Enrichment analysis of the 232 age‐associated proteins revealed metabolic pathways previously connected with biological aging both in animal models and in humans, most remarkably insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) signaling, mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF1), cytokine signaling, Forkhead Box O (FOXO) metabolic pathways, folate metabolism, advance glycation end products (AGE), and receptor AGE (RAGE) metabolic pathway. Information on these age‐relevant proteins, likely expanded and validated in longitudinal studies and examined in mechanistic studies, will be essential for patient stratification and the development of new treatments aimed at improving health expectancy.
Moderate prenatal ethanol exposure leads to attention deficits in both male and female rats
Authors: Wang Ruixiang , Martin Connor D. , Lei Anna L. , Hausknecht Kathryn A. , Ishiwari Keita , Oubraim Saida , Wang An‐Li , Richards Jerry B. , Haj‐Dahmane Samir , Shen Roh‐Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficits caused by prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure (PE) are a prevalent condition in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Importantly, the deficits are observed in individuals with FASD who have normal IQs and show no dysmorphic facial features caused by heavy PE. These observations suggest that even moderate PE could lead to attention deficits. This possibility was investigated in the present study using a rat model.MethodsPregnant Sprague Dawley rats were administered EtOH (3 g/kg/day) or vehicle via intragastric gavage on gestational days 8 to 20. The blood EtOH concentration (BEC) in EtOH‐treated rats was 87.7 ± 1.2 mg/dl (1 h after the gavage), similar to the BECs reported in other moderate PE studies in rodents. Moderate PE did not produce teratogenic effects on birthweight or litter size. The adult offspring underwent a 2‐choice reaction time task.ResultsModerate PE led to augmented action impulsivity in both sexes, indicated by more rapid response initiation and more premature responses. Deficits were more marked in males than in females. No greater lapses of attention, assessed by incorrect or relatively slow responses, were observed in rats of either sex with moderate PE. In addition, no deficits in learning or motor function were detected after moderate PE. Interestingly, rats with moderate PE completed more trials than controls.ConclusionsOur results confirm that moderate PE leads to attention deficits in both sexes, which is demonstrated by greater action impulsivity, but not more lapses of attention. This effect differs from that of heavy PE, as shown in our previous study, which is manifested as impaired action impulsivity and lapses of attention in both sexes.
A pilot economic evaluation of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder as an addition and alternative to traditional therapy
Authors: Kacmarek Corinne N. , Yates Brian T. , Nich Charla , Kiluk Brian D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐based delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be a less costly approach to increase dissemination and implementation of evidence‐based treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, comprehensive evaluations of costs, cost‐effectiveness, and cost–benefit of computer‐delivered interventions are rare.MethodsThis study used data from a completed randomized clinical trial to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness and cost–benefit of a computer‐based version of CBT (CBT4CBT) for AUD. Sixty‐three participants were randomized to receive one of the following treatments at an outpatient treatment facility and attended at least one session: (1) treatment as usual (TAU), (2) CBT4CBT plus treatment as usual (CBT4CBT+TAU), or (3) CBT4CBT plus brief monitoring.ResultsMedian protocol treatment costs per participant differed significantly between conditions, Kruskal‐Wallis H(2) = 8.40, p = 0.02, such that CBT4CBT+TAU and CBT4CBT+monitoring each cost significantly more per participant than TAU. However, when nonprotocol treatment costs were included, total treatment costs per participant did not differ significantly between conditions. Median incremental cost‐effective ratios (ICERs) revealed that CBT4CBT+TAU was more costly and more effective than TAU. It cost $35.08 to add CBT4CBT to TAU to produce a reduction of one additional drinking day per month between baseline and the end of the 8‐week treatment protocol: CBT4CBT+monitoring cost $33.70 less to produce a reduction of one additional drinking day per month because CBT4CBT+monitoring was less costly than TAU and more effective at treatment termination, though not significantly so. Net benefit analyses suggested that costs of treatment, regardless of condition, did not offset monthly costs related to healthcare utilization, criminal justice involvement, and employment disruption between baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Benefit–cost ratios were similar for each condition.ConclusionsResults of this pilot economic evaluation suggest that an 8‐week course of CBT4CBT may be a cost‐effective addition and potential alternative to standard outpatient treatment for AUD. Additional research is needed to generate conclusions about the cost–benefit of providing CBT4CBT to treatment‐seeking individuals participating in standard outpatient treatment.
Trends in cannabis use among adults with children in the home in the United States, 2004–2017: impact of state‐level legalization for recreational and medical use
Authors: Goodwin Renee D. , Kim June H. , Cheslack‐Postava Keely , Weinberger Andrea H. , Wu Melody , Wyka Katarzyna , Kattan Meyer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsCannabis use among parents may be increasing with legalization, but perception of associated risk has declined. The study investigated the association between cannabis legalization and cannabis use among adults with children in the home over time in the United States (US).DesignA difference‐in‐difference approach was applied to public and restricted‐use data from the 2004–2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual cross‐sectional survey.SettingA representative sample of the United States.Participants/CasesRespondents ages 18+ with children living in the home drawn from the NSDUH (n = 287,624), which is administered to non‐institutionalized civilians in the 50 states and District of Columbia.MeasurementsExposures were year and state‐level cannabis policy in state of residence annually. Outcomes were past‐30‐day cannabis use and daily cannabis use. Sociodemographic variables included age, gender, marital status, annual family income, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and strength of state‐level tobacco control.FindingsIn 2017, past‐month cannabis use (11.9%, 9.3%, and 6.1%) and daily cannabis use (4.2%, 3.2%, and 2.3%) were more common in states with recreational marijuana laws (RML), followed by states with medical marijuana laws (MML) and without legal cannabis use, respectively. RML and MML were associated with significantly higher prevalence of past‐month cannabis use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.46; AOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.22) and daily cannabis use (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03–1.51; AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.32), respectively. The impact of MML was particularly salient among adults ages 50+ and the highest income and education subgroups.ConclusionsAmong adults with children living in the home, cannabis use appears to be more common in US states with legalized cannabis use compared with states with no legal cannabis use. Recreational legalization appears to increase use among adults with children in the home broadly across nearly all sociodemographic groups, whereas the effect of legalization for medical use is heterogeneous by age and socioeconomic status.
Anthropogenic impact on wildlife resource use: Spatial and temporal shifts in elephants’ access to water
Authors: Buchholtz Erin K. , Spragg Shannon , Songhurst Anna , Stronza Amanda , McCulloch Graham , Fitzgerald Lee A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExpansion of human settlements and development have undeniable impacts on wildlife and habitats. Yet wildlife continues to persist in human‐modified environments. While shifting patterns of wildlife landscape use in response to development is well established, less is known about how risk avoidance by animals impacts their resource access. Our research addresses this question by assessing spatial and temporal patterns in access to water resources for savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) relative to anthropogenic features in the Okavango Panhandle of Botswana. We combined GPS collar data from 39 elephants (2014–2018) with spatial data on permanent water sources and human development to quantify patterns of water access. We modelled a multi‐scale resource selection function that showed elephants selected water access points in areas with less human development (p < 0.0151). Elephants visited water more evenly across day and night in areas with no buildings nearby, but shifted to a significantly more nocturnal pattern in areas of higher building density (ANOVA,p < 0.001). Analysing spatial and temporal patterns of elephant resource access in the context of anthropogenic features provides compelling insight into the potential consequences of human‐modified landscapes on the behaviour, fitness, and persistence of threatened species and our coexistence with them.
A decellularized porcine pulmonary valved conduit embedded with gelatin
Authors: Wan Juyi , Zhong Xiaolin , Xu Zhiwei , Gong Da , Li Diankun , Xin Zhifei , Ma Xiaolong , Li Wenbin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo prepare a tissue‐engineered pulmonary valved conduit (PVC) with good tensile strength and biocompatibility. Sixty adult porcine PVCs were used to determine the optimal decellularization time. Five juvenile porcine decellularized PVCs and five juvenile porcine crosslinked PVCs were subsequently prepared according to the optimized decellularization and crosslinking methods. All PVCs were implanted into juvenile sheep for 8 months and then were harvested for staining. With a low concentration of detergent (0.25% Triton X‐100+0.25% sodium deoxycholate), the decellularization effect on porcine PVCs was complete by 24 hours, and there was minimal damage to the matrix. Gelatin embedding and 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) crosslinking improved the biomechanical properties of decellularized PVCs and reduced their immunogenicity. After implantation, the diameter and thickness of the PVCs in the decellularized and crosslinked groups increased significantly. In both groups, the conduits were unobstructed, with soft and smooth inner walls and without thrombosis, ulceration or neoplasia. The valves slightly degenerated with mild to moderate regurgitation. CD31‐positive endothelial cells were visible on the inner surface of the conduits and valves. Scattered smooth muscle actin‐positive cells were found in the middle layer of the conduit. The percentage of CD4‐ and CD68‐positive cells and the calcium content were highest in decellularized porcine PVCs and lowest in ovine PVCs. The percentage of the matrix that was laminin‐positive in decellularized and crosslinked porcine PVCs was lower than it was in ovine PVCs. Gelatin‐embedded and EDC‐crosslinked porcine PVCs can be “hosted” in sheep, with good biocompatibility, growth potential, and reduced calcification.
MicroRNAs and the HIF/VEGF axis in ocular neovascular diseases
Authors: Plastino Flavia , Pesce Noemi Anna , André Helder 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOcular neovascular diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and neovascular age‐related macular degeneration, are the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. The hypoxia‐inducible factors and vascular endothelial growth factors are key molecular promoters of ocular neovascularization. Moreover, the role of microRNAs as regulators of angiogenesis has been expanding, particularly hypoxia‐associated microRNA; hypoxamiRs. This review provides a summary of hypoxamiRs that directly and specifically target HIF1A and VEGF mRNAs, thus critically involved in the regulation of ocular neovascular pathologies. The discussed microRNAs highlight putative diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents in choroidal and retinal angiogenic diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and neovascular age‐related macular degeneration.
Absence of neocytolysis in humans returning from a 3‐week high‐altitude sojourn
Authors: Klein Marie , Kaestner Lars , Bogdanova Anna Y. , Minetti Giampaolo , Rudloff Silvia , Lundby Carsten , Makhro Asya , Seiler Elena , van Cromvoirt Ankie , Fenk Simone , Simionato Greta , Hertz Laura , Recktenwald Steffen , Schäfer Larissa , Haider Thomas , Fried Sebastian , Borsch Christian , Marti Hugo H. , Sander Anja , Mairbäurl Heimo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTotal haemoglobin mass (tot‐Hb) increases during high‐altitude acclimatization. Normalization of tot‐Hb upon descent is thought to occur via neocytolysis, the selective destruction of newly formed erythrocytes. Because convincing experimental proof of neocytolysis is lacking, we performed a prospective study on erythrocyte survival after a stay at the Jungfraujoch Research Station (JFJRS; 3450 m).MethodsNewly formed erythrocytes of 12 male subjects (mean age 23.3 years) were age cohort labelled in normoxia (110 m) and during a 19‐day high‐altitude sojourn by ingestion of13C2‐ and15N‐labelled glycine respectively. Elimination dynamics for erythrocytes produced in normoxia and at high altitude were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry of haem, by determining tot‐Hb, reticulocyte counts, erythrocyte membrane protein 4.1a/4.1b ratio and by mathematical modelling.ResultsTot‐Hb increased by 4.7% ± 2.7% at high altitude and returned to pre‐altitude values within 11 days after descent. Elimination of13C‐ (normoxia) and15N‐ (high altitude) labelled erythrocytes was not different. Erythropoietin levels and counts of CD71‐positive reticulocytes decreased rapidly after descent. The band 4.1a/4.1b ratio decreased at altitude and remained low for 3‐4 days after descent and normalized slowly. There was no indication of haemolysis.ConclusionWe confirm a rapid normalization of tot‐Hb upon descent. Based on the lack of accelerated removal of age cohorts of erythrocytes labelled at high altitude, on patterns of changes in reticulocyte counts and of the band 4.1a/4.1b ratio and on modelling, this decrease did not occur via neocytolysis, but by a reduced rate of erythropoiesis along with normal clearance of senescent erythrocytes.
Reciprocal relationship between workplace incivility and deviant silence—The moderating role of moral attentiveness
Authors: Khan Rahman , Murtaza Ghulam , Neveu Jean Pierre , Newman Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we examine the reciprocal relationship between employees' perceptions of workplace incivility and their deviant silence. We also explore the moderating role of moral attentiveness on the relationship between workplace incivility and deviant silence. Utilizing three‐waves of longitudinal data from 297 full‐time employees working in different industrial sectors in the United States, we find support for the reciprocal model as the best fit to the data, thus validating relationships over time between our study variables. Taken together, our results suggest that workplace incivility at T1/T2 significantly predicted deviant silence at T2/T3. The results also reveal that deviant silence at T1/T2 significantly predicted workplace incivility at T2/T3. Importantly, we found that reflective but not perceptual moral attentiveness significantly reduced the negative influence of workplace incivility on deviant silence in subsequent time periods.