bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Differences in the Light Absorption Properties of Fine Particulate Matter Over the Tibetan Plateau: Insights From HR‐ToF‐AMS and Aethalometer Measurements
Authors: Zhang Xinghua , Xu Jianzhong , Kang Shichang , Sun Junying , Shi Jinsen , Gong Chongshui , Sun Xuying , Du Haolin , Ge Xinlei , Zhang Qi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) has received wide scientific concern in recent decades owing to its important impacts on regional climatic and cryospheric changes, hydrological cycles, and environments. However, our understanding of the spatial distribution of the chemical and optical properties of aerosols is still limited based on prior single‐site observations. In this study, aerosol light absorptions from black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) were explored and compared among three remote TP sites, including Qomolangma Station (QOMS) on the southern TP, Nam Co Station (NamCo) on the central TP, and Waliguan Observatory on the northeastern TP. Although the aerosol mass concentration at QOMS was less than half of that at Waliguan, the light absorption coefficient of aerosols at QOMS was nearly 5 times higher than that at Waliguan, mainly as a result of more light‐absorbing carbonaceous aerosols on the southern TP due to long‐range transported biomass burning emissions. Specifically, BC dominated aerosol light absorption at all wavelengths, whereas BrC contributed ∼30% of the light absorption at 370 nm at QOMS and ∼20% at Waliguan and NamCo. A major contributor to BrC light absorption at QOMS was biomass burning‐related organic aerosols apportioned from aerosol mass spectrometry measurements. Understanding the significant regional differences in aerosol light absorption properties on the TP is useful for evaluating the regional climatic and environmental effects and validating the model results on aerosol radiative forcing.
Determinants of cord blood adipokines and association with neonatal abdominal adipose tissue distribution
Authors: Tan Karen , Tint Mya Thway , Michael Navin , Yap Fabian , Chong Yap Seng , Tan Kok Hian , Godfrey Keith M. , Larbi Anis , Lee Yung Seng , Chan Shiao-Yng , Fortier Marielle V. , Eriksson Johan G. , Karnani Neerja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCord blood leptin and adiponectin are adipokines known to be associated with birth weight and overall infant adiposity. However, few studies have investigated their associations with abdominal adiposity in neonates. We examined maternal factors associated with cord blood leptin and adiponectin, and the association of these adipokines with neonatal adiposity and abdominal fat distribution measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an Asian mother–offspring cohort.MethodsGrowing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO), is a prospective mother–offspring birth cohort study in Singapore. Cord blood plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured using Luminex and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay respectively in 816 infants. A total of 271 neonates underwent MRI within the first 2-weeks after delivery. Abdominal superficial (sSAT), deep subcutaneous (dSAT), and intra-abdominal (IAT) adipose tissue compartment volumes were quantified from MRI images. Multivariable regression analyses were performed.ResultsIndian or Malay ethnicity, female sex, and gestational age were positively associated with cord blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) positively associated with cord blood leptin concentrations but inversely associated with cord blood adiponectin concentrations. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) showed a positive relationship with cord blood leptin but not with adiponectin concentrations. Each SD increase in cord blood leptin was associated with higher neonatal sSAT, dSAT and IAT; differences in SD (95% CI): 0.258 (0.142, 0.374), 0.386 (0.254, 0.517) and 0.250 (0.118, 0.383), respectively. Similarly, each SD increase in cord blood adiponectin was associated with higher neonatal sSAT and dSAT; differences in SD (95% CI): 0.185 (0.096, 0.274) and 0.173 (0.067, 0.278), respectively. The association between cord blood adiponectin and neonatal adiposity was observed in neonates of obese mothers only.ConclusionsCord blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations were associated with ethnicity, maternal BMI and GDM, sex and gestational age. Both adipokines showed positive association with neonatal abdominal adiposity.
Eco-evolutionary responses of the microbial loop to surface ocean warming and consequences for primary production
Authors: Cherabier Philippe , Ferrière Régis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Predicting the response of ocean primary production to climate warming is a major challenge. One key control of primary production is the microbial loop driven by heterotrophic bacteria, yet how warming alters the microbial loop and its function is poorly understood. Here we develop an eco-evolutionary model to predict the physiological response and adaptation through selection of bacterial populations in the microbial loop and how this will impact ecosystem function such as primary production. We find that the ecophysiological response of primary production to warming is driven by a decrease in regenerated production which depends on nutrient availability. In nutrient-poor environments, the loss of regenerated production to warming is due to decreasing microbial loop activity. However, this ecophysiological response can be opposed or even reversed by bacterial adaptation through selection, especially in cold environments: heterotrophic bacteria with lower bacterial growth efficiency are selected, which strengthens the “link” behavior of the microbial loop, increasing both new and regenerated production. In cold and rich environments such as the Arctic Ocean, the effect of bacterial adaptation on primary production exceeds the ecophysiological response. Accounting for bacterial adaptation through selection is thus critically needed to improve models and projections of the ocean primary production in a warming world.
Enriched environment and visual stimuli protect the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors in a mouse model of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Dieguez Hernán H. , Calanni Juan S. , Romeo Horacio E. , Alaimo Agustina , González Fleitas María F. , Iaquinandi Agustina , Chianelli Mónica S. , Keller Sarmiento María I. , Sande Pablo H. , Rosenstein Ruth E. , Dorfman Damián 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon-exudative age-related macular degeneration (NE-AMD), the main cause of blindness in people above 50 years old, lacks effective treatments at the moment. We have developed a new NE-AMD model through unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx), which elicits the disease main features in C57Bl/6J mice. The involvement of oxidative stress in the damage induced by NE-AMD to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina has been strongly supported by evidence. We analysed the effect of enriched environment (EE) and visual stimulation (VS) in the RPE/outer retina damage within experimental NE-AMD. Exposure to EE starting 48 h post-SCGx, which had no effect on the choriocapillaris ubiquitous thickness increase, protected visual functions, prevented the thickness increase of the Bruch’s membrane, and the loss of the melanin of the RPE, number of melanosomes, and retinoid isomerohydrolase (RPE65) immunoreactivity, as well as the ultrastructural damage of the RPE and photoreceptors, exclusively circumscribed to the central temporal (but not nasal) region, induced by experimental NE-AMD. EE also prevented the increase in outer retina/RPE oxidative stress markers and decrease in mitochondrial mass at 6 weeks post-SCGx. Moreover, EE increased RPE and retinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, particularly in Müller cells. When EE exposure was delayed (dEE), starting at 4 weeks post-SCGx, it restored visual functions, reversed the RPE melanin content and RPE65-immunoreactivity decrease. Exposing animals to VS protected visual functions and prevented the decrease in RPE melanin content and RPE65 immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that EE housing and VS could become an NE-AMD promising therapeutic strategy.
Exosomal long noncoding RNA HOXD-AS1 promotes prostate cancer metastasis via miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis
Authors: Jiang Yongming , Zhao Hui , Chen Yuxiao , Li Kangjian , Li Tianjie , Chen Jianheng , Zhang Baiyu , Guo Caifen , Qing Liangliang , Shen Jihong , Liu Xiaodong , Gu Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDevelopment of distant metastasis is the main cause of deaths in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Understanding the mechanism of PCa metastasis is of utmost importance to improve its prognosis. The role of exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported not yet fully understood in the metastasis of PCa. Here, we discovered an exosomal lncRNA HOXD-AS1 is upregulated in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell line derived exosomes and serum exosomes from metastatic PCa patients, which correlated with its tissue expression. Further investigation confirmed exosomal HOXD-AS1 promotes prostate cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo by inducing metastasis associated phenotype. Mechanistically exosomal HOXD-AS1 was internalized directly by PCa cells, acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate the miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis, therefore promoting PCa metastasis. In addition, we found that serum exosomal HOXD-AS1 was upregulated in metastatic PCa patients, especially those with high volume disease. And it is correlated closely with Gleason Score, distant and nodal metastasis, Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) recurrence free survival, and progression free survival (PFS). This sheds a new insight into the regulation of PCa distant metastasis by exosomal HOXD-AS1 mediated miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis, and provided a promising liquid biopsy biomarker to guide the detection and treatment of metastatic PCa.
Targeting ERK induced cell death and p53/ROS-dependent protective autophagy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Mi Wunan , Wang Chuyue , Luo Guang , Li Jiehan , Zhang Yizheng , Jiang Meimei , Zhang Chuchu , Liu Nannan , Jiang Xinxiu , Yang Ge , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Ge , Zhang Yingjie , Fu Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, many studies have shown that autophagy plays a vital role in the resistance of tumor chemotherapy. However, the interaction between autophagy and cell death has not yet been clarified. In this study, a new specific ERK inhibitor CC90003 was found to suppress colorectal cancer growth by inducing cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Studies have confirmed that higher concentrations of ROS leads to autophagy or cell death. In this research, the role of CC90003-induced ROS was verified. But after inhibiting ROS by two kinds of ROS inhibitors NAC and SFN, the autophagy induced by CC90003 decreased, while cell death strengthened. In parallel, protective autophagy was also induced, while in a p53-dependent manner. After silencing p53 or using the p53 inhibitor PFTα, the autophagy induced by CC90003 was weakened and the rate of cell death increases. Therefore, we confirmed that CC90003 could induce autophagy by activating ROS/p53. Furthermore, in the xenograft mouse model, the effect was obtained remarkably in the combinational treatment group of CC90003 plus CQ, comparing with that of the single treatment groups. In a word, our results demonstrated that targeting ERK leads to cell death and p53/ROS-dependent protective autophagy simultaneously in colorectal cancer, which offers new potential targets for clinical therapy.
Androgen receptor regulates eIF5A2 expression and promotes prostate cancer metastasis via EMT
Authors: Zheng Yuancai , Li Ping , Huang Hang , Ye Xueting , Chen Wei , Xu Guodong , Zhang Fangyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) is an androgen-activated transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily. AR plays a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the exact role of AR in PCa metastasis remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the function of AR in PCa. We found that eukaryotic translation initiation factor (EIF) 5A2, an elongation factor that induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa cells, was significantly upregulated after 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulation and downregulated after anti‐androgen bicalutamide treatment in PCa cells with high AR expression, but not in cells with low AR expression. Moreover, eIF5A2 knockdown could eliminate DHT-induced invasion and migration of AR-positive PCa cells. DHT treatment decreased epithelial expression of E‐cadherin and β-catenin but increased the expression of the mesenchymal marker proteins Vimentin and N-cadherin. DHT therefore induced EMT, and knockdown of eIF5A2 inhibited DHT-induced EMT. Moreover, in vivo study, Luciferase signals from the lungs of the eIF5A2 plasmid group indicated higher metastasis ability, and the eIF5A2 siRNA group had lower metastasis ability. Our results suggest that AR positively regulates eIF5A2 expression in androgen-dependent cells, and stimulation of AR expression and signaling in prostate tumors promotes PCa metastasis by EMT induction and upregulation of eIF5A2.
3D porous biomass-derived carbon materials: biomass sources, controllable transformation and microwave absorption application
Authors: Li Tian , Zhi Dan-Dan , Guo Zi-Hao , Li Jin-Zhe , Chen Yao , Meng Fan-Bin 
Published: December 2021

This article reviews 3D porous biomass-derived carbon materials as microwave absorbers, including their biomass sources, the transformation from biomass to porous carbon, and their corresponding microwave absorption applications and mechanism.
Change in School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Job Satisfaction During COVID-19 School Closures: Applying the Conservation of Resources Theory
Authors: Farquharson Kelly , Tambyraja Sherine , Coleman Jaumeiko 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:The purpose of this investigation was to explore how school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') job satisfaction changed because of the COVID-19 global pandemic. We situated job satisfaction within the Conservation Resources (COR) theory.Method:We distributed a web-based survey to school-based SLPs throughout the United States. A total of 1,352 SLPs followed the link and 1,069 completed at least 90% of the survey. The survey was composed of four parts: (a) demographic information, (b) obstacles faced during COVID-19 school closures, (c) job satisfaction, and (d) self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was divided into three subscales: decision-making, instructional, and disciplinary.Results:Nearly half (48%,n= 522) of the sample reported a decline in job satisfaction following COVID-19 school closures. Using a binomial logistic regression, we found that time pressures and disciplinary self-efficacy predicted this change in job satisfaction. Individuals who reported higher disciplinary self-efficacy and more pressures on their time were 1.2 times more likely to experience a decline in job satisfaction. Number of obstacles faced, caseload size, years of experience, and the additional two self-efficacy scales were not related to this change.Conclusions:Job satisfaction is considered a malleable resource within the COR theory. Indeed, we observed a change in this resource due to the rapid shift in service delivery methods, paired with variable levels of support and resources from school districts. Our results have implications for how administration may support SLPs in and out of times of acute crises.
Developing a Framework for a Remote, International Research Collaboration Among Graduate Students: Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ghali Samantha , Goral Mira , Salama Heba 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
This article describes a framework for developing international research collaborations among graduate students. Central to this framework is the utility of institutional and association-based academic mentorship programs in developing collaborative partnerships. We illustrate how the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Mentoring Academic Research Careers program served as a vehicle for fostering remote collaboration and provided training experiences for graduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:
This model successfully supported doctoral students in developing an ongoing and sustainable research partnership during a challenging time when in-person networking opportunities were unavailable. This partnership provided a unique pathway for professional development that complemented formal academic training. More broadly, international collaboration experiences such as these provide valuable, skill-based training for all students, such that they are better equipped to serve diverse populations and as members of diverse teams. We offer recommendations for others endeavoring to develop international collaboration initiatives for students paired with mentorship.
Nonword Repetition in Bilingual Assessment: A Guide to Clinical Application
Authors: Ortiz José A. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Nonword repetition (NWR) is a useful tool in the identification of language impairment in bilingual children. As a method of alternative assessment, the task is less biased than many traditional forms of assessment. Despite its potential utility, the use of NWR in language assessment is limited. The goal of this tutorial is to provide speech-language pathologists with the information needed to use NWR as a diagnostic tool in bilingual assessment by describing research into its diagnostic accuracy and considerations for clinical application.

Conclusions:
NWR is a useful diagnostic tool in bilingual language assessment when used as part of an assessment battery. Although its diagnostic accuracy limits its ability to be used in the absence of other tools, it can provide valuable information that can be used to strengthen clinical impressions. When using NWR measures, clinicians should take several important aspects in account, including the language and age for which it was intended, the type of stimuli included, and the scoring procedures. Clinicians who work with bilingual children should consider including NWR in their diagnostic toolkits, as a less biased method of assessment.
Motion state classification for micro‐drones via modified Mel frequency cepstral coefficient and hidden Markov mode
Authors: Tian He , Dong Chunzhu , Yuan Li , Yin Hongcheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn radar detection for micro‐drones, the performance of the characteristics and features of micro‐drones distinctly varies depending on their motion states. Therefore, this study presents an extraction method for spectral signatures of radar cross section (RCS) to classify and discriminate between typical motion states of micro‐drones. The features related to the RCS of the micro‐drones are transformed and converted into a modified Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC), which is proposed to detailedly characterize the spectral change of RCS along with different movements. Then the hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to recognize the typical movements of micro‐drones based on the modified MFCC. Experiments in X, Ku bands and HH, VV polarization modes are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the classification results with average accuracy above 97 are also demonstrated in experiments in discriminating between five different motion scenarios of micro‐drone. The works involved will aid in maximizing classification accuracy for micro‐drones in real scenarios and subsequent situation awareness.
Wideband evaluation of two types of slow‐wave microstrip lines
Authors: Wang D. , Polat E. , Tesmer H. , Jakoby R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design, characterization and comparison of two widely used approaches in realizing slow‐wave effect on microstrip transmission lines, that is stub loaded and defected ground structure loaded microstrip lines are presented in a wide bandwidth (10–67 GHz) for the first time. Transparent substrate and dielectric material are chosen to ease the alignment of electrode and ground plane. Thin dielectric layer are applied to make the comparison prominent. The results indicate that defected ground structure loaded microstrip line has better RF performance in terms of compactness and insertion loss than stub loaded method within the whole band especially in thin film applications.
A novel traveling wave arrival time detection method in power system
Authors: Rezaei Davod , Gholipour Mehdi , Parvaresh Farzad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a high‐speed and accurate method for extracting the arrival times (ATs) of traveling waves (TWs) in the power system that can be used for fault location applications and transmission line protection. The proposed method is based on the expression of the traveling wave as the exponentially damped component superimposed on the sinusoidal wave in a small time window. Also the sine component is removed by using approximation and consecutive differences of the input signal samples (the modal components of three‐phase voltages or currents) from the resulting wave. Due to the fact that the estimation of traveling wave arrival times (TWATs) is done applying basic mathematical operations in the time domain, the proposed method, in addition to the simplicity of implementation, has the appropriate accuracy and speed for applications such as online fault location and protection purposes. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach in fault locating, a 230 kV transmission line is modelled in EMTP/ATP. Then, the fault location under various conditions of faults such as changes in location and type of fault, fault conditions as well as variations in the measurement noise level and sampling frequency are studied using MATLAB.
Road crack detection network under noise based on feature pyramid structure with feature enhancement (road crack detection under noise)
Authors: Sun Mingsi , Zhao Hongwei , Li Jiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoad crack detection is an important task for road safety and road maintenance. In the past, people made use of manual detection methods and tried to use computer vision to detect crack. The most prominent feature in recent years is the use of deep learning. However, there is no good deep learning method for road crack detection under noise. This challenge is faced bravely. First, a noise crack dataset is proposed, consisting of multiple noise crack images which is called NCD. Then, an adaptive bilateral filtering algorithm is developed, which can reduce the influence of noise. Finally, a new crack detection network with two new modules is designed. In the end, it is found that all the parts have promoting effects on crack detection under noise. Compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods, this method performs better, especially in road crack detection under noise. When evaluating the well‐known crack500 test set, ODS F‐measure of 0.628 is achieved. Besides, this method is also evaluated in another five datasets. Significantly, ODS F‐measure of 0.545 is achieved, 4.0% higher than state‐of‐the‐art on GAPs384.