bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐brain functional MRI registration based on a semi‐supervised deep learning model
Authors: Zhu QiaoYun , Sun YuHang , Wu Yi , Zhu HuoBiao , Lin GuoYe , Zhou YuJia , Feng QianJin 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTraditional registration of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) is typically achieved through registering their coregistered structural MRI. However, it cannot achieve accurate performance in that functional units which are not necessarily located relative to anatomical structures. In addition, registration methods based on functional information focus on gray matter (GM) information but ignore the importance of white matter (WM). To overcome the limitations of exiting techniques, in this paper, we aim to register resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) based directly on rs‐fMRI data and make full use of GM and WM information to improve the registration performance.MethodsWe provide a robust representation of WM functional connectivity features using tissue‐specific patch‐based functional correlation tensors (ts‐PFCTs) as auxiliary information to assist registration. Furthermore, we propose a semi‐supervised deep learning model that uses GM and WM information (GM ts‐PFCTs and WM ts‐PFCTs) during training as a fine tweak to improve registration accuracy when such information is not provided in new test image pairs. We implement our method on the 1000 Functional Connectomes Project dataset. To evaluate our method, a group‐level analysis was implemented in resting‐state brain functional networks after registration, resulting in t maps.ResultsOur method increases the peak t values of the t maps of default mode network, visual network, central executive network, and sensorimotor network to 21.4, 20.0, 18.4, and 19.0, respectively. Through comparison with traditional methods (FMRIB Software Library(FSL), Statistical Parametric Mapping _ Echo Planar Image(SPM_EPI), and SPM_T1), our method achieves an average improvement of 67.39%, 12.96%, and 25.14%.ConclusionWe propose a semi‐supervised deep learning network by adding GM and WM information as auxiliary information for resting‐state fMRI registration. GM and WM information is extracted and described as GM ts‐PFCTs and WM ts‐PFCTs. Experimental results show that our method achieves superior registration performance.
Magnetization‐prepared GRASP MRI for rapid 3D T1 mapping and fat/water‐separated T1 mapping
Authors: Feng Li , Liu Fang , Soultanidis Georgios , Liu Chenyu , Benkert Thomas , Block Kai Tobias , Fayad Zahi A. , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to (i) develop Magnetization‐Prepared Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel (MP‐GRASP) MRI using a stack‐of‐stars trajectory for rapid free‐breathing T1 mapping and (ii) extend MP‐GRASP to multi‐echo acquisition (MP‐Dixon‐GRASP) for fat/water‐separated (water‐specific) T1 mapping.MethodsAn adiabatic non‐selective 180° inversion‐recovery pulse was added to a gradient‐echo‐based golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars sequence for magnetization‐prepared 3D single‐echo or 3D multi‐echo acquisition. In combination with subspace‐based GRASP‐Pro reconstruction, the sequence allows for standard T1 mapping (MP‐GRASP) or fat/water‐separated T1 mapping (MP‐Dixon‐GRASP), respectively. The accuracy of T1 mapping using MP‐GRASP was evaluated in a phantom and volunteers (brain and liver) against clinically accepted reference methods. The repeatability of T1 estimation was also assessed in the phantom and volunteers. The performance of MP‐Dixon‐GRASP for water‐specific T1 mapping was evaluated in a fat/water phantom and volunteers (brain and liver).ResultsROI‐based mean T1 values are correlated between the references and MP‐GRASP in the phantom (R2 = 1.0), brain (R2 = 0.96), and liver (R2 = 0.73). MP‐GRASP achieved good repeatability of T1 estimation in the phantom (R2 = 1.0), brain (R2 = 0.99), and liver (R2 = 0.82). Water‐specific T1 is different from in‐phase and out‐of‐phase composite T1 (composite T1 when fat and water signal are mixed in phase or out of phase) both in the phantom and volunteers.ConclusionThis work demonstrated the initial performance of MP‐GRASP and MP‐Dixon‐GRASP MRI for rapid 3D T1 mapping and 3D fat/water‐separated T1 mapping in the brain (without motion) and in the liver (during free breathing). With fat/water‐separated T1 estimation, MP‐Dixon‐GRASP could be potentially useful for imaging patients with fatty‐liver diseases.
The invisible‐hand heuristic for origin‐destination integer multicommodity network flows
Authors: Barr Richard S. , McLoud Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrigin‐destination integer multicommodity flow problems differ from classic multicommodity models in that each commodity has one source and one sink, and each commodity must be routed along a single path. A new invisible‐hand heuristic that mimics economic markets' behavior is presented and tested on large‐scale telecommunications networks, with solution times two orders of magnitude faster than CPLEX's LP relaxation, more dramatic MIP ratios, and small solution value differences.
Extended material point method for the three‐dimensional crack problems
Authors: Liang Yong , Zhang Xiong , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe material point method (MPM) has demonstrated itself as an effective numerical method to simulate extreme events with large deformations including fracture problems. However, the traditional MPM encounters difficulties in simulating discontinuities due to its continuous nodal shape function. In this paper, The eXtended Material Point Method (XMPM) is proposed to simulate the three‐dimensional (3D) crack propagation. The XMPM modifies the particle displacement approximation by introducing the local enrichment functions based on the partition of unity into the MPM framework. To accurately trace the evolution of the crack surface, the XMPM employs both the level set method and an extra set of crack surface mesh, which is independent of the background grid. Only locally enriching the nodes near the crack makes the XMPM efficient and able to multiple cracks without extra tricks. Besides, a series of adaptive crack front processing methods, including crack front splitting, merging and locking with its meeting the material boundary, are developed in the XMPM framework to ensure the continuity and smoothness of the crack surface. Numerical examples demonstrate the capability of XMPM to simulate the discontinuity, calculate the fracture parameters and handle the evolution of the crack surface growth in 3D dynamic crack propagation.
Treatment withdrawal of the patient on end of life: An analysis of values, ethics and guidelines in palliative care
Authors: Nnate Daniel A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimFamily surrogate decision‐making during the later stage of a patient's life may sometimes result in conflict and emotional distress among the parties involved. The present article aims to promote ethical end‐of‐life decision‐making among healthcare professionals in a view to eliminating any misunderstanding that may arise while meeting the care needs of the patient.DesignA case study involving a request for treatment withdrawal by the family of a patient on end of life.MethodsThis paper draws upon a scenario encountered during practice to analyse the moral commitments in delivering high‐quality end‐of‐life care with much emphasis on pre‐existing palliative care guidelines for adults.ResultsHealthcare professionals are bound by the principle of beneficence, non‐maleficence, autonomy and justice. Although the use of guidelines may be tenable, decisions often take into consideration the patient's choice and then weighed against the moral values of healthcare specialists and those required in the profession.
Evaluation of the Arabic version of the Chronic Pain Grade scale: Psychometric properties
Authors: Alhalal Eman , Jackson Kimberley T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo increase our understanding of chronic pain in clinical and research contexts, an assessment of its dimensions using reliable and valid self‐reported pain measures is imperative. However, well‐validated Arabic chronic pain assessment scales are lacking. The Chronic Pain Grade (CPG) scale has been used worldwide, yet an Arabic version of the CPG scale has not yet been validated. Thus, we conducted this study to demonstrate the psychometric properties, including reliability, convergent validity, and construct validity of the Arabic CPG scale. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 233 chronic pain patients. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an excellent fit with the factor structure of the CPG scale and, thus, supported construct validity. The two identified subscales were pain intensity and pain disability. Convergent validity was supported by having significant correlations between the short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire and CPG subscales. Internal consistency reliability was demonstrated, as Cronbach's α was 0.916 for pain intensity and 0.815 for pain disability. This study provides evidence that the Arabic CPG scale is a reliable and valid measure of chronic pain dimensions, including pain intensity, and pain‐related disability. This Arabic version of the CPG scale has the potential to expand research and clinical assessment in the Arab world. Future studies are required for further validation.
Review on transesterification in polycarbonate–poly(butylene terephthalate) blend
Authors: Ganguly Anirban , Channe Priyanka , Jha Roshan , Mitra Susanta , Saha Sampa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVarious polycarbonate ‐ poly(butylene terephthalate) polyester (PC‐PBT) blend prepared by reactive melt blending primarily in extruder with range of temperature and time are discussed in this review article. In the melt blended PC‐PBT blend system, transesterification plays a major role in formation of PC‐PBT blend. Transesterification reactions between these two polymers have been analyzed by proper polymer sample, end‐capped or having reactive chain end group. The kinetics of mechanism is a function of temperature and PC‐PBT ratio. Trace catalyst residue present in PBT catalyzes the transesterification reaction. As the extent of transesterification is increased, it forms various composition of copolymer. Inhibition in the transesterification reaction of PC‐PBT blend has been observed when different type of alkyl, aryl, and alkyl‐aryl group of phosphite are introduced into it, otherwise there has been collateral change in the morphology, thermal, and mechanical property of blend. Therefore, this PC‐PBT blend has been an interesting topic of research in academia and industries.
Influence of nucleation and growth mechanisms on the heat deflection temperature of a reactively processed polypropylene nanocomposite
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Jayita , Mekoa Caroline , Makwakwa Dimakatso , Skosana Sifiso , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of a reactively processed polypropylene nanocomposite (PPNC) with consequential improvements in the heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature (VST), and crystallization peak temperature (Tc) is reported herein. Neat PP without nanoclay was also reactively processed to elucidate the effects of fillers on the improvement in physical properties. The results show a considerable improvement in the HDT of PPNC (77.9 °C) compared to those of neat PP (62.6 °C) and reactively processed branched PP (BPP; 69.2 °C). Moreover, the Tc of PP in PPNC improved by ~14% compared to that of neat PP. Various models of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics were employed to elucidate the nucleation and crystal growth mechanisms, and to correlate them with the observed HDT improvement in PPNC. Thermal transitions investigated by modulated differential scanning calorimetry explained the changes observed in the VSTs of all the samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a significant improvement in HDT along with a marked increase in Tc. Such simultaneous improvements in HDT, VST, and Tc are highly desirable for applications involving the use of PP‐based materials in rigid packaging.
Use of psychiatric medication by college students: A decade of data
Authors: Morris Marcia R. , Hoeflich Carolin C. , Nutley Sara , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Riba Michelle B. , Striley Catherine W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesGiven the rising prevalence of psychiatric symptomatology among college students, this analysis aims to identify temporal trends in psychiatric medication usage.MethodsThis analysis used data from the Healthy Minds Study Survey administered between 2007 and 2019, yielding a sample of 320,817 university students. Survey data were examined via descriptive analyses.ResultsOver the last decade from 2007 to 2018–2019, there was an increase in use of nearly all classes of psychiatric medications, with reported antidepressant medication (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [SNRIs], etc.) use increasing from 8.0% to 15.3%, anti‐anxiety medication (benzodiazepines, buspirone, etc.) from 3.0% to 7.6%, psychostimulants from 2.1% to 6.3%, antipsychotics from 0.38% to 0.92%, and mood stabilizers from 0.8% to 2.0% (all p < 0.0001), respectively. In addition, the use of more than one category of medication at a time has increased, from 28.2% in 2007 to 40.8% in 2018–2019 (p < 0.0001). The proportion of students who received their most recent prescription for psychiatric medication from primary care providers has risen from 49.1% in 2007 to 58.8% in 2018–2019 (p < 0.0001), while the proportion receiving these prescriptions from psychiatric providers did not increase significantly and stands at 36.1% in 2018–2019. The percentage of students taking psychiatric medication without a prescription varied from year to year, starting at 11.9% in 2007 and ending at 7.7% in 2018–2019 (p < 0.0001). The proportion of students who discussed their use of psychiatric medication with their doctor or other health professional three or more times in the previous year has increased from 39.2% in 2007 to 49.5% in 2018–2019 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe proportion of college students who have taken psychiatric medications of all categories has risen in the last decade; these students are increasingly likely to be on more than one kind of psychiatric medication and be treated by healthcare providers at a greater frequency. Despite the growing complexity of student treatment, the proportion of students receiving psychiatric medication management by psychiatric providers has not changed, while the proportion receiving services in primary care settings has increased.
Prophylactic norepinephrine infusion for postspinal anesthesia hypotension in patients undergoing cesarean section: A randomized, controlled, dose‐finding trial
Authors: Chen Yi , Zou Lili , Li Zhenzhou , Guo Lei , Xue Wei , He Ling , Ma Shuqin , Ni Xinli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveProphylactic norepinephrine infusion effectively lowers the incidence of postspinal anesthesia hypotension. The optimal prophylactic dose of norepinephrine remains undefined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal prophylactic dose of norepinephrine to prevent postspinal anesthesia hypotension in patients undergoing cesarean section.DesignProspective, double‐blind, randomized, controlled, dose‐finding trial.SettingOperating room from March 2020 to June 2020.PatientsNinety nine primipara or multipara women 18 ‐ 40 years of age, singleton pregnancy ≥ 37 weeks, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status 1 or 2, scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were included in this study.InterventionPatients were randomly assigned into groups to receive normal saline (NS) or one of four different prophylactic doses (0.025 [NE25], 0.05 [NE50], 0.075 [NE75], and 0.1 [NE100] ug/kg/min) of norepinephrine. The primary end point was the incidence of postspinal anesthesia hypotension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] < 80% of baseline) within 15 min after spinal anesthesia. Secondary outcomes included the overall stability of SBP control versus baseline (median performance error [MDPE] and median absolute performance error [MDAPE]), the dose that would be effective in preventing postspinal anesthesia hypotension in 50% (effective dose, ED 50) and 90% (ED90) of patients, other adverse events (bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, and the total additional bolus of norepinephrine and atropine), and neonatal outcomes (blood gas values and Apgar scores).Measurements and Main ResultsThe incidence of postspinal anesthesia hypotension in NS, NE25, NE50, NE75, and NE100 groups was 68.42% (13/19), 40.00% (8/20), 20.00% (4/20), 15.00% (3/20), and 10.00% (2/20), respectively. With increasing prophylactic doses of norepinephrine, the incidence of postspinal anesthesia hypotension decreased (p < 0.001), SBP was maintained closer to the baseline (MDPE, p < 0.001; MDAPE, p = 0.001), and the total additional bolus of norepinephrine decreased (p < 0.001). The ED50 and ED90 values of norepinephrine were 0.016 (95% CI: ‐0.014 ‐ 0.033) and 0.088 (95% CI: 0.068 ‐ 0.133) ug/kg/min, respectively. Other adverse effects, neonatal outcomes, and the total additional bolus of atropine did not differ among the five groups.ConclusionsA prophylactic dose of 0.05 or 0.075 μg/kg/min norepinephrine prevents postspinal anesthesia hypotension in patients undergoing cesarean section.
Adapting the good behavior game for special education classrooms
Authors: Groves Emily A. , May Richard J. , Rees Rachel E. , Austin Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe good behavior game (GBG) is a classroom management intervention that employs a group contingency to support appropriate behavior and reduce classroom disruptions. To date, the majority of GBG research has included participants of typical development in mainstream education classrooms or alternative schools. The current study evaluated the GBG across two classrooms in a special education school in Wales. Children included those with both intellectual and physical disabilities. Although some adaptations were made to accommodate individual student needs, those adjustments were minimal and required little additional effort from teachers. Results were evaluated using a single‐case withdrawal design and indicated that the GBG was effective at reducing disruptive and off‐task behavior in both classrooms.
Prevalence of low back pain and related disability in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Brown‐Taylor Lindsey , Bordner Haley , Glaws Kathryn , Vasileff W. Kelton , Walrod Bryant , Di Stasi Stephanie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) has been associated with worse hip function for persons with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Reports are limited to surgical populations and based on the presence or absence of LBP, regardless of pain severity.ObjectivesTo report the prevalence of clinically significant LBP for persons with FAIS; compare demographics, pain, and function between those with and without clinically significant LBP; and evaluate relationships between hip function and both LBP‐related disability and LBP severity. We hypothesized that participants with LBP would be older, have higher body mass index (BMI), and report worse groin pain, longer symptom duration, and worse hip function. We hypothesized that worse LBP‐related disability and LBP severity would be related to worse hip function.DesignObservational cross‐sectional study.SettingHip preservation clinic.Participants158 persons with FAIS.Interventionsn/aMain Outcome Measure(s)Visual analog pain scales (VAS 0‐100) were used to categorize participants with (≥30) and without (<30) clinically significant LBP. Age, sex, BMI, pain severity and duration, and hip function (33‐item Hip Outcome Tool [iHOT33]) were compared between those with and without clinically significant LBP. Correlations were evaluated between the modified Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and iHOT33, ODI and groin pain severity, LBP severity and iHOT33, and LBP and groin pain severity.ResultsSixty percent of participants reported clinically significant LBP (n = 95). These participants reported worse iHOT33 scores (mean difference: 10.1 points) than those without clinically significant LBP (p = .001). Worse ODI scores were associated with worse iHOT33 scores (P < .001; ρ = −0.74). Significant relationships were also observed between (1) ODI and groin pain, (2) LBP and iHOT33, and (3) LBP and groin pain, but the magnitudes of these correlations were weak (ρ ≤ 0.36).ConclusionsClinically significant LBP is highly prevalent in persons with FAIS and is associated with worse hip function. Worse LBP‐related disability, but not LBP severity, was strongly associated with worse hip function.
Photopolymerization of difunctional cyclopolymerizable monomers with low shrinkage behavior
Authors: Ruppitsch Larissa Alena , Peer Gernot , Ehrmann Katharina , Koch Thomas , Liska Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCyclopolymerizable monomers (CPM) have been the focus of investigations for over 70 years due to favorably low shrinkage upon polymerization, yet little research dealt with difunctional CPMs, especially in the field of radical photopolymerization. Herein, we synthesized novel difunctional 1,6‐diene CPMs based on the isomeric mixture of (2,2,4)/(2,4,4)‐trimethylhexane‐1,6‐diamine as spacer unit, which undergoes cyclopolymerization forming five‐ or six‐membered ring structures in the polymer backbone upon photopolymerization. Different photopolymerizable moieties (allyl‐, methacryloyl‐, and ester‐activated allyl‐moieties) were chosen for modification of the spacer unit to investigate their influence on reactivity and shrinkage behavior. The (thermo)mechanical properties of the cured difunctional 1,6‐diene CPMs further reveal the effect of reactivity‐enhancing electron‐withdrawing groups (e.g., ester and carbonyl groups) on the final polymer network. For comparison, similar difunctional monoene compounds were are also synthesized and characterized to illustrate the low shrinkage behavior of the novel difunctional 1,6‐diene CPMs.
Enhanced Creep Resistance and Mechanical Properties for CL‐20 and FOX‐7 based PBXs by Crystal Surface Modification
Authors: Yang Xuelin , Gong Feiyan , Zhang Kai , Yang Wenbin , Zeng Chengcheng , Yang Zhijian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInterfacial strength between energetic crystal and polymeric binder is of a great significance to the mechanical strength and other performances of polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). In this paper, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) and 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐ dinitroethylene (FOX‐7) were chosen to study the thermal and mechanical properties of corresponding PBXs. The energetic crystals were firstly modified with polydopamine (PDA) and further coated with the hyperbranched polymer (HBP). The results showed that CL‐20@PDA achieved a noticeable retardation of 11 °C for the phase transition, due to the constraint of PDA shell, and the thermal decomposition of CL‐20 was slightly delayed. The storage modulus of CL‐20 based PBXs were improved. In addition, the tensile strength and compressive strength were increased by 22.9 % and 25.4 %, respectively. Concomitantly, the fracture failure temperature of FOX‐7 based PBXs composites after surface coating were increased, with its tensile and compressive strength increased by 33.1 % and 15.2 %, respectively. Moreover, the creep resistance of the two PBXs composites with surface modification was obviously enhanced.