bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Load on the Vibration and Noise Characteristics of Transformer
Authors: Zhao Lihua , Xu Li , Liu Jianben , Liu Yan , Ren Junwen , Ning Wenjun , Huang Xiaolong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to further understand and grasp the impact of load on the vibration and noise characteristics of the transformer, this article analyzes the impact of load factors, power factor, harmonic current, three-phase unbalance and other load factors on transformer vibration and noise from the perspective of transformer vibration mechanism. A 10kV/200kVA three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformer was used as the object. Experiments were conducted to study the changes in the spectrum distribution, noise intensity and A-weighted sound pressure level of the transformer vibration and noise under the influence of different load factors. The results show that: when the frequency increases, the amplitude of the 100Hz fundamental frequency in the vibration noise signal increases, and the noise level increases accordingly; when the power factor increases, the amplitude of the odd frequency components in the vibration noise signal gradually decreases with the increase of the power factor. There is no obvious fluctuation in amplitude except 100Hz. When the harmonic current and the three-phase are unbalanced, the spectral components become complicated and accompanied by a large number of odd-order frequency multiplication components. With the increase of harmonic content, the amplitude of vibration noise signal and A-weighted sound pressure level increase significantly; the degree of unbalance and the occurrence of unbalance have a greater impact on the amplitude of vibration noise signal and A-weighted sound pressure level. The research in this paper provides a reference for the noise suppression of power equipment and the fault diagnosis technology based on vibration and noise signals.
Modelling the Biogas Production Kinetics of Anionic Surfactants Exposed Anaerobic Fermentation Process Using Sigmoidal Growth Functions
Authors: Zhang Huayong , An Di , Tian Yonglan , Li Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The kinetics of biogas production on anaerobic fermentation with anionic surfactants added was evaluated using the sigmoidal models (the modified Gompertz and Logistic). The mesophilic anaerobic co-fermentation experiments under different anionic surfactants concentrations were conducted with mixed cow dung and corn straw as feedstocks. The results showed that the anionic surfactants in appropriate concentrations on anaerobic fermentation increased the cumulative biogas yields while prolonged the lag phase time. The modified Logistic model performed better than modified Gompertz model in fitting the experimental results of anaerobic co-fermentation with anionic surfactants added. The results of this study were expected to provide theoretical guidance for studying the impact of anionic surfactants and modelling the kinetic process of anaerobic co-fermentation.
A Comparative Study of Various Flow Instability Criteria in Processing Map of the Powder Metallurgy High Speed Steel
Authors: Liu Zhaozhao , Wang Miao , Liu Yanhui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The deformation behavior of the 1.15C-4.00Cr-3.00V-6.00W-5.00Mo powder metallurgy high speed steel in hot working processes was investigated by the isothermal compression tests carried out at the temperature of 1000-1150°C and the strain rate of 0.001-1.0s−1 with the height reduction of 60%. The processing maps were constructed, identification of the instability regions and optimization of hot deformation parameters. Different types of instability criteria of PRASAD, MALAS, GEGEL, MURTY and SEMIATIN were compared. It was found that the hot working process of the steel can be carried out safely in the domain of 1040-1130 °C/0.01-1.0 s−1. Furthermore, the temperature and the strain rate had a great effect on microstructures. To obtain a homogeneous microstructure with fine grain, the hot working process should be carried out under the condition of 1050-1100 °C/0.01-0.06 s−1.
Research on the Interaction of Environmental Factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on the Two-layer Network System Dynamics Model
Authors: Cheng Qingya , Long Zhengwu , Li Zhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper takes the ecological security of the Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research object, establishes five subsystems of policy, population, water environment, economy, and biology, and uses the analytic network process to calculate the impact weights of different indicators in each layer of the system. The results show that the weight of the water environment indicator layer is the largest, and other indicators have varying degrees of impact on ecological security. On this basis, construct a system dynamics model, select the main constraints of environmental factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, set three different development scenarios, and observe their impact on CODcr And determine the range of ecological safety thresholds.
Design and Implementation of Brightness Configurable Bi-Histogram Equalization Based on FPGA
Authors: Wang Zhaolin , Yue Hongju , Wang Jun , Tao Huibin , Wang Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the contrast of images in different brightness environments, based on brightness preserving Bi-Histogram Equalization(BBHE), a Brightness configurable Bi-Histogram Equalization(BCBHE) system is proposed and implemented by FPGA in this paper. The system implements the BBHE algorithm, and adds the brightness configurable logic unit to realize the brightness configurable image contrast enhancement. The test results of the video processing platform of Genesys 2 development board show that: the design obtains BBHE images with different brightness configurations, and achieves the best contrast enhancement visual effect by setting image brightness threshold in different field environment. At the same time, based on the parallel operation characteristics of the FPGA, it meets the requirements of real-time image processing.
Ballistic Target Translation Compensation Based on Corner Detection Algorithm
Authors: Li Yuxi , Li Jiang , Liu Fengkai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the mid-flight of the ballistic target, there are two movement modes: translational and micro-movement. The existence of translation will cause tilt and translation of the time-frequency curve of the scatter point echo, which will affect the extraction of ballistic missile micro-motion information. In response to this problem, this paper proposes a Shi-Tomasi corner detection algorithm from the perspective of image processing, which can effectively extract the corner information in the image. Afterwards, regression analysis is performed according to the obtained corner point information to realize the estimation of translational parameters. Through simulation experiments, it is concluded that the algorithm can better realize the compensation of translational components.
Application of Interpolated Loop Subdivision Mesh Deformation in Ecological Environment Animation
Authors: Zeng Shuzhen , Shi Zhuo , Feng Ye , Li Mingrui , Wang Meng , Shen Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In 3D computer vision processing, the introduction of deep learning into 3D research has always attracted much attention. In this paper, we introduce 3D mesh deformation into the animation of ecological environment research, adopt the 3D processing tool of Pytorch3D, and propose a 3D mesh deformation method based on the interpolation Loop subdivision. To prove the superiority of this algorithm, we compare the mesh deformation under the Loop subdivision and interpolation Loop subdivision. The experimental results show that after we adopted the interpolation Loop subdivision when the mesh deformation predicts the target mesh, the result of the deformation mesh is better than the Loop subdivision in terms of details. Thus, mesh deformation can be applied in the animation of the ecological environment, such as the “camouflage” of animals, which is of great significance to the animation or film related to the ecological environment.
Research on the Influence of Herders on the Response Behavior of Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy
Authors: Ping Lihua , Ma Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper uses the survey data of 344 herdsmen in Xianghuang Banner, Siziwang Banner, and Alxa Left Banner that implement grassland ecological compensation policy in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, combined with the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLA), and quantitatively analyzes the response of all aspects of livelihood capital to herders based on the SEM model the impact of grassland ecological compensation policy behavior. The government should proceed from the difference of each livelihood capital, combine the economic benefits of herders with the response to the grassland ecological compensation policy, and put forward policy improvement opinions based on the livelihoods of herders, with a view to improving the pastoralism for the government. The enthusiasm of households to respond to the policy provides a scientific basis for achieving the strategic goal of grassland ecological compensation.
Research on Key Technologies of City Information Modeling
Authors: Wang Baoling , Tian Yuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to solve urban development problems and achieve sustainable urban development, building smart cities has become an essential core concept for urban development in the world today. From the perspective of current smart city needs, this article introduces the concept and basic characteristics of CIM, an information technology closely related to smart cities, and analyzes its key technologies BIM (Building Information Modeling), GIS (Geographic Information System), IOT (The Internet of Things), and a brief overview of the relationship between the three, laid a preliminary foundation for further related research.
Behaviour of hybrid blend Composite Materials Reinforced by Aluminium Nanoparticles and Glass Fibres
Authors: Rajab Mustafa A. , Salman Salem F. , Abbas Mohammad K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research aims to study the effect of glass fibres and aluminium nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of composite materials containing epoxy resins and phenol formaldehyde in different proportions. The results showed that adding phenol formaldehyde to epoxy in a ratio of (10/90) improved the properties, and that reinforcement with glass fibres and aluminium nanoparticles increased the use of these materials by increasing their applications through the possibility of replacing the basin liner with paint. Composite materials used in the research. Compounds are common and used in almost every field, and the idea for reinforcement is to improve the properties of the compounds.
An analytical approach of the chromaticity correction for compact hadron river
Authors: Wah Leo Kwee , Takayama Ken , Adachi Toshikazu , Kawakubo Tadamichi , Dixit Tanuja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A design of a compact hadron driver for future cancer therapies based on the induction synchrotron concept is given. In order to realize a slow extraction technique in a fast cycling synchrotron, which allows the energy sweep beam scanning, the zero momentum-dispersion D(s) region and high flat D(s) region are necessary. The present design lattice which meets both requirements. In this study, details of the lattice parameters is introduced and an analytical solution for chromaticity correction are described and discussed.
Two dimensional array of MPPC and CsI(Tl) for radiation monitoring prototype
Authors: Jasni A A , Yap YS , Hashim I H. , Ahmad N E , Ramlee N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An effcient radiation and position monitoring system is useful for preliminary security inspection and radiation emergency preparedness and response. A high sensitivity and effective monitoring system is needed for these applications. In this study, two position-sensitive prototypes were proposed by using of 8 Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC) and coupled to the cesium iodide with Thallium (CsI(Tl)) scintillator. This inorganic scintillator was chosen for its output wavelength compatibility with MPPC, slightly hygroscopic, high photon transmission, and input energy. For both prototypes, eight MPPCs with di_erent con_gurations were used to obtain active areas of 2.0 × 2.4 cm2 and 2.5 × 4.5cm2, respectively. The prototype has been tested with radioactive (Tl-204 and Co-60). The intensity received by each MPPC’s readout will be recorded using Extended Analogue SiPM Integrated ReadOut Chip (EASIROC) module. Our test showed that both prototypes were sensitive to both beta and gamma sources and were able to reliably determine the sources’ positions. It was shown that the first prototype had greater resolution and performance than the second prototype. This studies may help to improve radiation detection system which is suitable for homeland security, medical field and scanning system.
NDT methods in inspecting road and highway structures
Authors: Amran T S T , Amin M S M , Ahmad M R , Azreen N M , Sani S , Adnan M A K , Razak N A , Sayuti S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the non-destructive testing (NDT) methods that can be used to determine the quality and safety of road and highway structures in Malaysia. These NDT methods offer a relatively quick and inexpensive mean for regular inspection, which shall help alert the responsible agencies of critical structural damages even before heavy deterioration is visually apparent.
Ca2C MXene monolayer as a superior anode for metal-ion batteries
Authors: Rajput Kaptan , Kumar Vipin , Thomas Siby , Zaeem Mohsen Asle , Roy Debesh Ranjan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rechargeable batteries can effectively mitigate the increasing crisis associated with clean energy storage technologies. The alkali metal-ion based rechargeable batteries require a low diffusion barrier, a low average open-circuit voltage (OCV), and a high storage capacity for their superior performance. Using comprehensive first-principle calculations, we demonstrate that calcium carbide monolayer (Ca2C-ML) MXene meets all the aforementioned criteria and is a superior anode material for lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) metal-ion batteries. By first-principles calculations, the structural and electronic properties of Ca2C-ML and its extensive ion battery applications are studied. The adsorption properties of Li, Na, and K alkali ions on the Ca2C-ML sheet confirm excellent charge transfer and electrical conductivity. The ultra-low diffusion barriers of 0.027, 0.059, and 0.028 eV for Li, Na, and K alkali ions, respectively, indicate the superior mobility and fast cycling caliber (metal adsorption and desorption) of the Ca2C-ML. The OCV of the Ca2C-ML is 0.10, 0.24, and 0.28 V for Li, Na, and K-ions, respectively, ensuring a better battery performance. The specific capacity of 582 mAh g−1 is achieved for all three cases, which is much higher than that of a traditional graphite anode with Li, Na, and K ions. The volume expansion during the intercalation is negligible for all three cases, indicating long term structural integrity of the anode using Ca2C-ML. Our investigations suggest that the newly designed 2D Ca2C-ML is a suitable anode candidate for use in the next-generation of high-performance Li, Na, and K-ion batteries.
Transfer of large-scale two-dimensional semiconductors: challenges and developments
Authors: Watson Adam J , Lu Wenbo , Guimarães Marcos H D , Stöhr Meike 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer opportunities to explore both fundamental science and applications in the limit of atomic thickness. Beyond the prototypical case of graphene, other 2D materials have recently come to the fore. Of particular technological interest are 2D semiconductors, of which the family of materials known as the group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has attracted much attention. The presence of a bandgap allows for the fabrication of high on–off ratio transistors and optoelectronic devices, as well as valley/spin polarized transport. The technique of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has produced high-quality and contiguous wafer-scale 2D films, however, they often need to be transferred to arbitrary substrates for further investigation. In this review, the various transfer techniques developed for transferring 2D films will be outlined and compared, with particular emphasis given to CVD-grown TMDs. Each technique suffers undesirable process-related drawbacks such as bubbles, residue or wrinkles, which can degrade device performance by for instance reducing electron mobility. This review aims to address these problems and provide a systematic overview of key methods to characterize and improve the quality of the transferred films and heterostructures. With the maturing technological status of CVD-grown 2D materials, a robust transfer toolbox is vital.
Piezotronics enabled artificial intelligence systems
Authors: Hua Qilin , Cui Xiao , Ji Keyu , Wang Bingjun , Hu Weiguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are accelerating the rapid innovations of multifunctional micro/nanosystems for boosting significant applications in flexible electronics, human healthcare, advanced robotics, autonomous control, and human–machine interfaces. III-nitride semiconductors, e.g. GaN, AlN, InN, and their alloys, exhibit superior device characteristics in high-performance opto-/electronics, due to the unique polarization effects in the non-central-symmetric crystal. Piezotronics, coupled with piezoelectric polarization and semiconductor properties, can provide a novel approach for controlling charge carrier transport across the interfacial Schottky barrier or p–n junction in these piezoelectric semiconductors. It means constructing a direct, real-time, seamless interaction between human/machine and environment, which indicates great potential in emerging AI systems. In this article, we review the research progress of piezotronics on III-nitride semiconductors, summarize the fundamental theory of piezotronics, illustrate flexible device process, present emerging piezotronic intelligent GaN-based devices, and provide innovative supports for building adaptive and interactive AI systems.
Backscatter and spontaneous four-wave mixing in micro-ring resonators
Authors: Hance Jonte R , Sinclair Gary F , Rarity John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We model backscatter for electric fields propagating through optical micro-ring resonators, as occurring both in-ring and in-coupler. These provide useful tools for modelling transmission and in-ring fields in these optical devices. We then discuss spontaneous four-wave mixing and use the models to obtain heralding efficiencies and rates. We observe a trade-off between these, which becomes more extreme as the rings become more strongly backscattered.
Turkey
Authors: van Overdijk Claire , Hatemi Hüseyin , Alper Gizem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Republic of Turkey has a civil law system with an administrative, military, and judicial (civil and criminal) court structure and a separate constitutional court. These all function as courts of first instance in civil law matters. The highest court of appeal in the judicial court system is known as ‘Yargitay’.
Development Plans: Their Legal Significance After the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 introduced a sea change from the development plan system of the past. The new system provided for the replacement of the non-statutory regional guidance, structure plans, local plans, waste plans, mineral plans, and unitary development plans by regional spatial strategies and local development documents. As stated earlier, the Local Democracy Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 renamed the regional spatial strategies as regional strategies but basically retained the same system. The Localism Act 2011 has however swept away the whole system of regional strategies and regional authorities and replaced them simply with a duty on local authorities to co-operate.
Applications for Planning Permission 2: Procedure on Receipt of Applications by the Local Planning Authority
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An application for planning permission is made to the authority with responsibility for determining the application. In the case of a non-metropolitan area with a two-tier division of planning responsibility, most applications fall to be determined by the district planning authority for the area in which the land is situated. If the application relates to a county matter, application must be made to the county planning authority for the area. In those areas where the local planning authority is a unitary authority, all applications are made to the unitary authority for the area. Section 1 of the Growth and Infrastructure Act 2013 has also provided applicants with the option of applying to the Secretary of State if a council has been designated as not performing adequately in determining applications.
Waging holy wars
Authors: Mitchell Jolyon , Rey Joshua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
‘Raging holy wars’ examines holy wars, beginning with an analysis of the integration of war and religion in the ancient world. Is a particular holy war fought to achieve a religious goal, such as converts or possession of a holy place; or is the war a religious activity in itself? In classical civilizations, it has quite often been the latter. As one moves toward the modern world, with its more universal sense of religion, and a less total integration of religion into communal life, the former becomes more of a factor. Perhaps the most controversial way to raise this question is the case of jihad. The chapter then considers the crusades.
Sanctifying secular wars
Authors: Mitchell Jolyon , Rey Joshua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
‘Sanctifying secular wars’ evaluates another category of religious wars: secular wars, in which religious commitment is used to pursue aims largely unrelated to religion. Shinto and Buddhism helped strengthen the Japanese war effort in the Second World War. But Japan fought a war of outward conquest. More often, when religion supports rather than motivates war, this is in situations where two religions, each related to a community more or less defined in other ways, collide. This dynamic can arguably be seen at work in Serbia during the Battle of Kosovo Polje (1389), in Northern Ireland, in Sudan, in the Biafra war in Nigeria (1967–70), and in Sri Lanka.