bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Medical Device Regulations in India, Japan and South Korea
Authors: B. V. Chandan , Venkatesh M. P. , M. Arjun , Krishna Pasupuleti Dheeraj , S. Indraprasad 
Published: December 2021

Increased health awareness, a growing middle class, and government health efforts are projected to propel India's medical equipment market forward in the next years. With the publication of the Medical Device Rules in 2017, Indian authorities revised the medical device regulatory process. The devices included in the link are currently regulated medical devices and in vitro diagnostic devices, as well as their classifications. CLA (Central Licensing Authority) is in charge of all import device licencing, as well as manufacturing, loan, and wholesale licences for Class C and Class D medical devices.
Because of its complicated registration process and linguistic obstacles, Japan is regarded one of the most difficult markets for overseas medical device producers. The Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Agency, which works in tandem with the MHLW (Ministry of Health and Labour Welfare), is in charge of reviewing drug and medical device applications in Japan. The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act is a federal law that regulates the sale of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act, also known as the Act on Securing Quality, Efficacy, and Safety of Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Regenerative and Cellular Therapy Products, Gene Therapy Products, and Cosmetics, lays out the current PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical devices Agency) laws in Japan.
South Korea is one of the largest health-care markets in the Asia-Pacific region. Medical Devices in South Korea are regulated by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), formerly known as the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Medical Devices in South Korea are regulated by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, formerly known as the Korea Food and Drug Administration. The Medical Device Act of 2015 governs current medical device laws in Korea. To access the South Korean Medical-Device-Market, you must first obtain marketing approval from the local Medical Device Authority, the Medical Device Information & Technology Centre, which is part of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. With the MFDS notification No. 2020-29, the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety launched UDI (Unique Device Identification System) operations in 2018. Article 20 of the Medical Device Act and Article 54-2 of the Medical Device Act Enforcement Regulations make UDI compliance mandatory.
A Comparative Evaluation between the Efficacy of Scaling & Root Planing (SRP) with Local Delivery of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and SRP Alone in Periodontal Pocket Reduction Therapy
Authors: Singh Dhirendra Kumar , Kumar Gunjan , Pathi Jugajyoti , Jalaluddin Md , Jena Samikshya 
Published: December 2021

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of locally delivered chlorhexidine as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) & SRP alone in bringing reduction of pocket depth in the treatment of moderate to severe periodontitis patients.
Materials and Methods: A total number of 15 patients both males and females in the age group of 30-55 years were selected with total number of 30 sites with periodontal probing pocket depth measuring 5-8mm in different quadrant of the mouth. A randomized, double blind, controlled clinical trial design was followed for the study. On one side scaling and root planning was done and on the other side scaling and root planning was done along with local delivery of chlorhexidine glugocate then the patient was examined after 0, 45, and 60 days using The clinical parameters the Plaque Index (PI), gingival index (GI), Bleeding on probing (BOP), Clinical attachment level (CAL) and Probing pocket depth (PPD).
Statistical Analysis: Student paired T-test has been carried out for this present study.
Results: The mean reduction of Plaque Index score between 0-45 day between control site and test site was 1.58±0.11 and the mean reduction of Plaque Index score between 0-60 day between control site and test site was 2.42±0.34 which is found not significant. At the Control site the mean plaque index score on 0 day was 2.2, on 45th day was 1.88 and on 60th day was 1.82. At the test site the mean plaque index score on 0 day was 2.6, on 45th day was 1.82 and on 60thday was 1.59. There was change from the base line values of mean plaque index between the control sites and test sites but was not significant.
Conclusion: There was improvement in all the clinical parameters of the test sites in comparison to the control sites from base line to 60 days, but the adjunctive use of chlorhexidine showed a significant improvement only on the clinical attachment level.
Does Toxoplasma gondii Related to Schizophrenic Symptoms? A Narrative Systematic Review
Authors: Abdulgader Shatha , Prince Richard 
Published: December 2021

Background: Accumulating evidence associated infectious agents with schizophrenia. Majority of these studies analyzed Toxoplasma. gondii association with schizophrenia.
Aims and Objectives: the present study aimed to perform systematic search on studies conducted on investigating association between T. gondii and schizophrenia using IgG antibodies against T. gondii. Secondary objective was to discuss possible mechanisms by which T. gondii linked to schizophrenia.
Methods: Systematic search performed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and University of Manchester databases. Key words Schizo* AND Toxoplasm* used to find articles published from years 2010-2020, used IgG antibodies against T. gondii, and patients participated in these studies definitively diagnosed with schizophrenia using DSM-IV or ICD- 10.
Results: Total of 122 articles was identified after duplicated were removed, of these 24 were included in review. Two-third of studies found that schizophrenic patients had significantly higher IgG antibodies versus controls.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that T. gondii is associated with schizophrenia and that T. gondii might be risk factor for schizophrenia development. If causative link is ascertained, then it would be possible to treat and prevent schizophrenia.
The Use and Potential Interactions of Herbal Medicines among Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alghamdi Saleh 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The use of herbal medicines as non-conventional treatment is popular, especially in developing countries where people suffering from chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus are more likely to use herbal medicines along with conventional medicines. However, their simultaneous use may concur serious drug interactions and may therefore result in a serious outcome. The present study was designed to identify the most commonly used herbal medicines and conventional anti-diabetic medications among Saudi population.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed and piloted.Data were retrieved and manually entered in Excel 2016. Frequencies and percentages were utilized to perform descriptive analysis. The study was approved by the Scientific and Research Committee of the main hospital taking part in the study.
Results: A total of 347 responses were recorded (69.4% response rate). 54% of participants were male, 53% were between the age of 41 and 64 years, and 35.5% had no formal education. Black tea, Peppermint, ginger, green tea, olive oil, and black seed were among the frequently mentioned herbal medicines. Black tea was used by the majority of patients (80%) while peppermint and ginger were used by more than half of patients, i.e., (56.5%) and (52.7%) respectively. Least common herb used by patients was Artemisia species (2.8%). A majority of patients (53.4%) used traditional medicine at least once daily, and 83% used traditional medicine without their physician's prescription.
Conclusion: Concomitant use of herbal and conventional anti-diabetic medication was a common practice among patients in Saudi Arabia, therefore, pharmacists-led educational programs should target both prescribers and general public about the possible interactions/risks of herbal medicines.
Quanton Fields: Evolution and Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Kassem Ayman 
Published: December 2021

For long time the nature of spacetime had been the subject of debate, here another version will be discussed in the form of space and time fields where a new concept of energy constraining can explain the interactions between those fields.
This model comes in three parts: energy constraining, where the evolution of the quanton fields and their different transitions are discussed, the second part, energy fields, their degrees of freedom and the third part: electromagnetic waves as relativistic quantons and the generic form of Maxwell quations in terms of space and time fields.
This work links many of the physical phenomena back to the quanton based world.
Luminescence Enhancement, Encapsulation, and Patterning of Quantum Dots Toward Display Applications
Authors: Yu Meina , Saeed Mohsin Hassan , Zhang Shuaifeng , Wei Huiyun , Gao Yanzi , Zou Cheng , Zhang Lanying , Yang Huai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) that have gained significant interest in the academia and industry because of their unique optoelectronic properties such as tunable emission wavelength, high color purity, wide color gamut, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate a QD colloid or solution into solid devices featuring the desired patterns and maintaining high efficiency. Recently, researchers have shown significant progress in the efficiency improvement and device fabrication of QD‐based displays, contributed by the development of both materials and device engineering. In this review, the recent progress in the engineering of QDs will be discussed, with an emphasis on the encapsulation methods and patterning strategies by which QDs are packaged into solid‐state devices with pixelated patterns as well as luminescence enhancement and modulation.
Biohybrid Variable‐Stiffness Soft Actuators that Self‐Create Bone
Authors: Cao Danfeng , Martinez Jose G. , Hara Emilio Satoshi , Jager Edwin W. H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInspired by the dynamic process of initial bone development, in which a soft tissue turns into a solid load‐bearing structure, the fabrication, optimization, and characterization of bioinduced variable‐stiffness actuators that can morph in various shapes and change their properties from soft to rigid are hereby presented. Bilayer devices are prepared by combining the electromechanically active properties of polypyrrole with the compliant behavior of alginate gels that are uniquely functionalized with cell‐derived plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs), previously shown to mineralize within 2 days, which promotes the mineralization in the gel layer to achieve the soft to stiff change by growing their own bone. The mineralized actuator shows an evident frozen state compared to the movement before mineralization. Next, patterned devices show programmed directional and fixated morphing. These variable‐stiffness devices can wrap around and, after the PMNF‐induced mineralization in and on the gel layer, adhere and integrate onto bone tissue. The developed biohybrid variable‐stiffness actuators can be used in soft (micro‐)robotics and as potential tools for bone repair or bone tissue engineering.
Multifunctional Biomimetic Nanovaccines Based on Photothermal and Weak‐Immunostimulatory Nanoparticulate Cores for the Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors
Authors: Li Jiachen , Huang Di , Cheng Ruoyu , Figueiredo Patrícia , Fontana Flavia , Correia Alexandra , Wang Shiqi , Liu Zehua , Kemell Marianna , Torrieri Giulia , Mäkilä Ermei M. , Salonen Jarno J. , Hirvonen Jouni , Gao Yan , Li Jialiang , Luo Zhenyang , Santos Hélder A. , Xia Bing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn alternative strategy of choosing photothermal and weak‐immunostimulatory porous silicon@Au nanocomposites as particulate cores to prepare a biomimetic nanovaccine is reported to improve its biosafety and immunotherapeutic efficacy for solid tumors. A quantitative analysis method is used to calculate the loading amount of cancer cell membranes onto porous silicon@Au nanocomposites. Assisted with foreign‐body responses, these exogenous nanoparticulate cores with weak immunostimulatory effect can still efficiently deliver cancer cell membranes into dendritic cells to activate them and the downstream antitumor immunity, resulting in no occurrence of solid tumors and the survival of all immunized mice during 55 day observation. In addition, this nanovaccine, as a photothermal therapeutic agent, synergized with additional immunotherapies can significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of established solid tumors, via the initiation of the antitumor immune responses in the body and the reversion of their immunosuppressive microenvironments. Considering the versatile surface engineering of porous silicon nanoparticles, the strategy developed here is beneficial to construct multifunctional nanovaccines with better biosafety and more diagnosis or therapeutic modalities against the occurrence, recurrence, or metastasis of solid tumors in future clinical practice.
Multifunctional, Light‐Weight Wearable Sensor Based on 3D Porous Polyurethane Sponge Coated with MXene and Carbon Nanotubes Composites
Authors: Wen Lei , Nie Meng , Wang Chongqing , Zhao Yu‐na , Yin Kuibo , Sun Litao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of wearable electronics, a resistive sensor with high performance and multifunctional monitoring abilities turns out to be a great challenge for industrial application fields. Herein, a wearable 3D porous polyurethane (PU) sponge sensor coated with MXene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites is self‐assembled through a simple ultrasonic dip‐coating process. The alternate assembly and the synergistic effect of MXene and CNTs contribute to a tough and complete 1D/2D conductive network, which significantly extends the measurement ability of the proposed MXene/CNTs@PU sensor from a wide‐compressive strain range (−80%) to a wide‐stretching strain range (60%). Moreover, benefit from this unique tough multidimensional MXene/CNTs structure, the presented sensor is endowed with excellent electrical response and stability during the long‐term reproducibility test over 5000 cycles. This study also demonstrates the versatile applications (stretching and compression) of the MXene/CNTs@PU sensor, such as detecting subtle expressions, vocal vibrations, body actions of human motions, and lighting light emitting diode lamps. Thus, this advanced sensor indicates great potential for emerging applications in human–machine interaction, healthcare, and wearable devices.
Thermoelectric Generator: Materials and Applications in Wearable Health Monitoring Sensors and Internet of Things Devices
Authors: Hasan Md. Nazibul , Nafea Marwan , Nayan Nafarizal , Mohamed Ali Mohamed Sultan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWearable sensors and biomedical devices have attracted a great deal of attention among users. Despite technological advancements in this field, a mixture of both progress and setbacks has been witnessed. The limited battery life of these devices for long‐term operation remains a major challenge. In this context, thermoelectric generators have emerged as potential candidates for harvesting energy from temperature gradients to power wearable sensors and devices. This review focuses on the working mechanism of a thermoelectric generator, as well as the current progress of a variety of promising and widely used inorganic and organic thermoelectric materials. Encouragingly, the highest ZT values of 2.27, 2.5, 2.8, 2.3, and 1.85 are obtained for bismuth telluride, lead telluride, tin selenide, copper selenide, and magnesium antimonide, respectively, at various temperature ranges. Meanwhile, organic materials such as poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, polyaniline composite, and graphdiyne showed the highest ZT values of 0.75, 0.74, and 4.8, respectively, at near‐room temperature. Furthermore, numerous novel thermoelectric generator‐powered wearable health monitoring sensors and Internet of Things devices are also presented. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives on the future development of thermoelectric generator, in particular for efficient materials and self‐powered devices, are also discussed.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cycloaddition of Benzofuran‐2,3‐diones with Alkynes to Flavones
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Yang , Li Han , Jiang Xiaoding , Subba Reddy Chitreddy V , Liang Hao , Zhang Yaqi , Cao Rihui , Sun Raymond Wai‐Yin , Tse Man Kin , Qiu Liqin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing dppe as the ligand, the Nickel‐catalyzed decarbonylative cycloaddition of benzofuran‐2,3‐diones with alkynes was established, and a variety of functional flavones were synthesized in 65–99% yields. Terminal alkynes with substituted phenyl groups and internal alkynes such as aryl acyl acetylenes and diphenylacetylenes are suitable for this reaction. The effects of bases on the reactions of different types of alkyne substrates were also investigated and discussed.magnified image
Nematic Ordering of Anisotropic Nanoparticles in Block Copolymers
Authors: Diaz Javier , Pinna Marco , Zvelindovsky Andrei V. , Pagonabarraga Ignacio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBlock copolymer melts have been previously used to control the position and alignment of anisotropic nanoparticles. In this work, 2D and 3D mesoscopic simulations are used to explore the phase behavior of block copolymer/nanoparticle systems. The method combines a time‐dependent Ginzburg‐Landau for the polymer and Brownian dynamics for the anisotropic nanoparticles. Rhomboidal and spheroidal shaped particles are simulated in two and three dimensions, respectively. It is found that the nanoparticle nematic order aligned by the block copolymer domains enhances the lamellar phase of the block copolymer, due to an anisotropy‐driven phase transition. Additionally, anisotropic nanoparticles within circular‐forming block copolymer leads to a competition between the nematic colloidal ordering and the hexagonally ordered mesophase. At large concentrations, the nematic order dominates, deforming the block copolymer mesophase.
A Versatile Cation Additive Enabled Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Yao Rui , Qian Long , Sui Yiming , Zhao Guangyao , Guo Rongsheng , Hu Shengyu , Liu Peng , Zhu Haojie , Wang Fangcheng , Zhi Chunyi , Yang Cheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc metal batteries are receiving broad attention owing to their promising characteristics of low cost, high safety, and environmental benignity. However, severe side reactions over zinc metal anodes (i.e., dendrite growth and by‐product formation) dramatically limit their further development. Herein, the key problems are tackled by introducing a dual‐function electrolyte additive (ammonium cation‐based salts) to achieve long‐term and highly reversible zinc plating/stripping. Specifically, the cation can homogenize the zinc deposition via the charge shielding effect and inhibit by‐product formation by participating in the constitution of contact ion pairs. In such a way, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell stably cycles over 2145 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with the overpotential of merely 25 mV. In addition, the reversibility of energy storage devices based on manganese dioxide and an activated carbon cathode is effectively enhanced. This strategy provides a promising approach for the future development of advanced aqueous metal batteries.
Unlocking Failure Mechanisms and Improvement of Practical Li–S Pouch Cells through In Operando Pressure Study
Authors: Chinnam Parameswara R. , Xu Leidong , Cai Lu , Cordes Nikolaus L. , Kim Sangwook , Efaw Corey M. , Murray Daniel J. , Dufek Eric J. , Xu Hongyi , Li Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor lithium–sulfur battery commercialization, research at a pouch cell level is essential, as some problems that can be ignored or deemed minimal at a smaller level can have a greater effect on the performance of the larger pouch cell. Herein, the failure mechanisms of Li–S pouch cells are deeply investigated via in operando pressure analysis. It is found that highly porous structures of cathodes/separators and slow electrolyte diffusion through cathodes/separators can both lead to poor initial wetting. Additionally, the Li‐metal anode dominates the thickness variation of the whole pouch cell, which is verified by in situ measured pressure variation. Consequently, a real‐time approach that combines normalized pressure with differential pressure analysis is proposed and validated to diagnose the morphology evolution of the Li‐metal anode. Moreover, applied pressure and porosity/tortuosity ratio of the cathode are both identified as independent factors that influence anode performance. In addition to stabilizing anodes, high pressure is proven to improve the cathode connectivity and avoid cathode cracking over cycling, which improves the possibility of developing cathodes with high sulfur mass loading. This work provides insights into Li–S pouch cell design (e.g., cathode and separator) and highlights pathways to improve cell capacity and cycling performance with applied and monitored pressure.
Color‐tunable and bright nonconjugated fluorescent polymer dots and fast photodegradation of dyes under visible light
Authors: Han Bingyan , Yan Qifang , Xin Ze , Liu Qingdong , Li Dan , Wang Jiao , He Gaohong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNonconjugated polymer dots (PDs) without largely conjugated structures entitle their advantages such as environment friendliness, nontoxicity, and intrinsic fluorescence. However, color‐tunable PDs remain a challenge. Herein, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and ascorbic acid (AA) are used to synthesize nonconjugated PDs, namely, PA PDs with intensive blue emission. The introduction of a third component, m‐phenylenediamine (MPD), redshifted the emission to green. The as‐prepared color‐tunable blue to green emissive PDs exhibit excellent properties, whether in solution or in solid state, originated from the mechanism of clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) induced by the overlap of electron‐rich atoms, the strong inter/intrachain interaction. The quantum yields of blue and green PDs reached up to 15.07% and 28.22%, respectively. Furthermore, PA PDs were successfully applied to the highly efficient photocatalytic degradation for dyes: methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) were degraded by 89.9% and 93.8% within 20 min under visible light, respectively.