bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise improves bone formation by upregulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Chen Xianghe , Yang Kang , Sun Peng , Zhao Renqing , Liu Bo , Lu Pengcheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The bone formation ability of type 2 diabetes is inhibited, and exercise can effectively improve the bone formation of T2DM. However, whether exercise can mediate the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway to improve the mechanism of bone formation and metabolism still needs further research.

Methods
A T2DM mouse model was established by a high-fat diet and STZ injection, and the mice were trained with swimming and downhill running exercise. Alizarin red staining is used to observe the changes of the left femoral trabecular bone; micro-CT is used to analyze the trabecular and cortical BMD, BV/TV, BS/BV, BS/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp; the ALP staining of skull was used to observe the changes in ALP activity of bone tissues at the skull herringbone sutures; ALP staining was performed to observe the changes in the number of OBs and ALP activity produced by differentiation; Quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression; Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels.

Results
When the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice was inhibited, the bone formation ability of the mice was significantly reduced, resulting in the degradation of the bone tissue morphology and structure. Swimming caused the significant increase in body weight and Runx2 mRNA expression, while downhill running could significantly decrease the body weight of the mice, while the tibia length, wet weight, and the trabecular morphological structure of the distal femur and the indexes of bone histomorphology were significantly improved by activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway.

Conclusions
Bone formation is inhibited in T2DM mice, leading to osteoporosis. Downhill running activates the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice, promotes OB differentiation and osteogenic capacity, enhances bone formation metabolism, and improves the bone morphological structure.
A Unified Formula for Calculation of Crack Width and Spacing in Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Yao Xianhua , Guan Junfeng , Zhang Lei , Xi Junyi , Li Lielie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCrack distribution and widths were experimentally examined in a series of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Concretes of different strengths were used, and beams were reinforced with 600 MPa yield strength steel bars. The features of cracks, which need to be considered in the design, were determined by using statistical analysis of different crack patterns observed in RC beams. The methods for determining the depth of effective influence zone of 600 MPa steel bars in RC beams were experimentally obtained. Based on the experimental data obtained in this study and from the data on RC beams with 335–600 MPa yield strength steel bars from other studies, the applicability of different formulas for the determination of the maximum widths (provided in codes and by scholars) was analyzed. Methods for the calculation of average crack spacing and maximum crack widths in RC beams with steel bars of various yield strengths were proposed. A unified formula for the calculation of maximum crack width in such beams was also established.
Analyzing and solving the identifiability problem in the exponentiated generalized Weibull distribution
Authors: Gusmão Felipe R. S. de , Gomes-Silva Frank , Brito Cícero C. R. de , Silveira Fábio V. J. , Jale Jader S. , Xavier-Júnior Sílvio F. A. , Marinho Pedro R. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe well-known Weibull distribution can be used to model the decreasing and unimodal failure rate quite standard in reliability and biological studies. It is also commonly adopted as baseline to generate new distributions from generalized classes. In this paper, we investigate the identifiability of the exponentiated generalized class of distributions and in particular the exponentiated generalized Weibull distribution. We also develop conditions under which the model becomes identifiable. To further illustrate the identifiability issue, we consider a simulation study, and an application is presented to illustrate the potentialities of the model with the new parameterization.
Intelligent designs in nanophotonics: from optimization towards inverse creation
Authors: Wang Ning , Yan Wei , Qu Yurui , Ma Siqi , Li Stan Z. , Qiu Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractApplying intelligence algorithms to conceive nanoscale meta-devices becomes a flourishing and extremely active scientific topic over the past few years. Inverse design of functional nanostructures is at the heart of this topic, in which artificial intelligence (AI) furnishes various optimization toolboxes to speed up prototyping of photonic layouts with enhanced performance. In this review, we offer a systemic view on recent advancements in nanophotonic components designed by intelligence algorithms, manifesting a development trend from performance optimizations towards inverse creations of novel designs. To illustrate interplays between two fields, AI and photonics, we take meta-atom spectral manipulation as a case study to introduce algorithm operational principles, and subsequently review their manifold usages among a set of popular meta-elements. As arranged from levels of individual optimized piece to practical system, we discuss algorithm-assisted nanophotonic designs to examine their mutual benefits. We further comment on a set of open questions including reasonable applications of advanced algorithms, expensive data issue, and algorithm benchmarking, etc. Overall, we envision mounting photonic-targeted methodologies to substantially push forward functional artificial meta-devices to profit both fields.
Prevalence Trends of Diabetes Subgroups in the United States: A Data-driven Analysis Spanning Three Decades From NHANES (1988-2018)
Authors: Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo , Fernández-Chirino Luisa , Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Fermín-Martínez Carlos A , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContextData-driven diabetes subgroups were proposed as an alternative to address diabetes heterogeneity. However, changes in trends for these subgroups have not been reported.ObjectiveHere, we analyzed trends of diabetes subgroups, stratified by sex, race, education level, age categories, and time since diabetes diagnosis in the United States.MethodsWe used data from consecutive NHANES cycles spanning the 1988-2018 period. Diabetes subgroups (mild obesity-related [MOD], severe insulin-deficient [SIDD], severe insulin-resistant [SIRD], and mild age-related diabetes [MARD]) were classified using validated self-normalizing neural networks. Severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID) was assessed for NHANES-III. Prevalence was estimated using examination sample weights considering bicyclic changes (BCs) to evaluate trends and changes over time.ResultsDiabetes prevalence in the United States increased from 7.5% (95% CI 7.1-7.9) in 1988-1989 to 13.9% (95% CI 13.4-14.4) in 2016-2018 (BC 1.09%, 95% CI 0.98-1.31, P &lt; .001). Non-Hispanic Black people had the highest prevalence. Overall, MOD, MARD, and SIDD had an increase during the studied period. Particularly, non-Hispanic Black people had sharp increases in MARD and SIDD, Mexican Americans in SIDD, and non-Hispanic White people in MARD. Males, subjects with secondary/high school, and adults aged 40-64 years had the highest increase in MOD prevalence. Trends in diabetes subgroups sustained after stratifying time since diabetes diagnosis.ConclusionPrevalence of diabetes and its subgroups in the United States has increased from 1988 to 2018. These trends were different across sex, ethnicities, education, and age categories, indicating significant heterogeneity in diabetes within the US obesity burden, population aging, socioeconomic disparities, and lifestyle aspects could be implicated in the increasing trends of diabetes in the United States.
Adjuvant Rituximab—Exploratory Trial in Young People With Graves Disease
Authors: Cheetham Tim D , Cole Michael , Abinun Mario , Allahabadia Amit , Barratt Tim , Davies Justin H , Dimitri Paul , Drake Amanda , Mohamed Zainaba , Murray Robert D , Steele Caroline A , Zammitt Nicola , Carnell Sonya , Prichard Jonathan , Watson Gillian , Hambleton Sophie , Matthews John N S , Pearce Simon H S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Remission rates in young people with Graves hyperthyroidism are less than 25% after 2 years of thionamide antithyroid drug (ATD).

Objective
We explored whether rituximab (RTX), a B-lymphocyte–depleting agent, would increase remission rates when administered with a short course of ATD.

Methods
This was an open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial in young people (ages, 12-20 years) with Graves hyperthyroidism. An A’Hern design was used to distinguish an encouraging remission rate (40%) from an unacceptable rate (20%). Participants presenting with Graves hyperthyroidism received 500 mg RTX and 12 months of ATD titrated according to thyroid function. ATDs were stopped after 12 months and primary outcome assessed at 24 months. Participants had relapsed at 24 months if thyrotropin was suppressed and free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine was raised; they had received ATD between months 12 and 24; or they had thyroid surgery/radioiodine.

Results
A total of 27 participants were recruited and completed the trial with no serious side effects linked to treatment. Daily carbimazole dose at 12 months was less than 5 mg in 21 of 27 participants. Thirteen of 27 participants were in remission at 24 months (48%, 90% one-sided CI, 35%-100%); this exceeded the critical value (9) for the A’Hern design and provided evidence of a promising remission rate. B-lymphocyte count at 28 weeks, expressed as a percentage of baseline, was related to likelihood of remission.

Conclusion
Adjuvant RTX, administered with a 12-month course of ATD, may increase the likelihood of remission in young people with Graves hyperthyroidism. A randomized trial of adjuvant RTX in young people with Graves hyperthyroidism is warranted.
Power of Body / Power of Mind: Arts and Crafts, New Thought, and Popular Women’s Literature at the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Zibrak Arielle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article describes the impact of two popular fin de siècle philosophical movements—Arts and Crafts and New Thought—on both well-known authors like Frank Norris and Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the lesser-known writers it reads more closely: Ella Wheeler Wilcox and Madeline Yale Wynne. Although their values were antithetical, Arts and Crafts and New Thought shared striking similarities in the ways they yoked consumption habits to personal well-being and used fiction to understand and endorse popular secular philosophies. These women-led movements shaped enduring national ideologies and the literature of their period, which tends to either synthesize the beliefs of both movements or represent one as patently superior to the other through satire or protest. The recovery of the history of these movements and their contribution to American literature not only retraces a lost genealogy of popular ideas that have shaped our culture, but also demonstrates the centrality of female thinkers and writers to the development of our present-day notions about how to transcend the grinding forces of consumer capitalism in everyday life.
Sacrificial Zn–Ni coatings by electroplating and hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels
Authors: Sadananda Kuntimaddi , Yang Jung Ho , Iyyer Nagaraja , Phan Nam , Rahman Anisur 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A review of sacrificial Zn–Ni electroplating coatings on high-strength steels is presented. These steels are used for heavy structural applications such as landing gears, etc., that are subjected to high stresses and corrosive environments in service. The electroplating process involving aqueous electrolytes invariably produces hydrogen. The emitted hydrogen can diffuse into substrate steel, contributing to the delayed failures by hydrogen embrittlement. Microstructural inhomogeneities arising from the heat treatments and defects produced during coatings and those inherently present in the steels can trap hydrogen emitted during plating. Dissolved and trapped hydrogen can slowly diffuse to the stress concentrations or crack tips, contributing to the delayed structural failures. Baking after plating helps to eliminate hydrogen to some extent, though it may introduce some thermomechanical stresses at the bimaterial interfaces. This review discusses a) the current state of sacrificial Zn–Ni coatings, b) their protection against corrosion of the substrate, c) the associated hydrogen embrittlement predominately under cyclic loads, and d) recent advances in terms of the compositionally modulated coatings for enhanced protection.
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors adversely affects minerals and vitamin metabolism, bone turnover, bone mass, and bone strength
Authors: Hussain Md. Saddam , Mazumder Tanoy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Notwithstanding, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most excellent options for different anti-secretory therapy in terms of improved symptomatic outcomes, numerous epidemiological and cohort studies provide evidence of an association between long-term proton PPIs use and increased fracture risk among users. The present attempt aimed to summarize the effect of long-term use of PPIs on musculoskeletal systems by considering the recent claims of different research groups to understand the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis and to determine the risk factors associated with these complications. We extracted data from various systematic reviews and meta-analyses, cross-sectional studies, prospective studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, and in-vivo and in-vitro studies to observe the consequence of long-term PPIs uses over the patient’s bone health. Recent findings suggested that long-term use of PPIs plays an introductory and cabalistic role in the development of osteoporosis mostly hip fractures by disturbing numerous biological pathways and thus able to set up a link between over-prescription of PPIs and bone loss. Frequent administration of PPIs is associated with a significantly worse outcome to bone mineral density (BMD) profile and produce a negative impression on bone health. Since, there are limited data to determine the association of PPIs use and change in BMD, recommending further studies to find out this dissertation.
The group inverse of circulant matrices depending on four parameters
Authors: Carmona A. , Encinas A.M. , Jimenez M.J. , Mitjana M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Explicit expressions for the coefficients of the group inverse of a circulant matrix depending on four complex parameters are analytically derived. The computation of the entries of the group inverse are now reduced to the evaluation of a polynomial. Moreover, our methodology applies to both the invertible and the singular case, the latter being computationally less expensive. The techniques we use are related to the solution of boundary value problems associated with second order linear difference equations.
Against the Tarbiyah’s Symbolism of Hijab: Feminism, Islamic Conservatism and Reconstruction of Hijab Symbolism in Indonesia
Authors: Yolandasari Ayu Regina 
Published: October 2021

Although Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world, the way of how Muslims dress had never been a major focus of Islamic practice until the 1980s. The promotion of a particular Islamic dress code, especially hijab (veil), started in the early 1980s on Indonesian campuses. Since the Reformasi in 1998, the wearing of hijab has grown significantly along with the spread of the Tarbiyah movement, a transnational Islamist movement affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood from Egypt. The rise of Islamic conservatism has targeted women to be controlled through their dress and caused Indonesian women to lose their freedom to decide whether they want to wear hijab or not. To fully understand this controlling mechanism, this article explores how the Tarbiyah movement has constructed and utilized the symbolization of hijab, and the weakness of the movement in enforcing its conservative values to its Muslim women members. Such exploration may direct us to a counter-strategy against the values. Based on in-depth interviews with four former Tarbiyah activists who have been active in feminism, this article examines the way the Tarbiyah controls its female activists through the hijab symbolization and how feminism has helped these activists to detach themselves from the movement. Thus, this article will make an important point on how feminism contributes to the battle against Islamic conservatism in Indonesia.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University. Volume 12, No. 3 (2021)
Authors: Obraztsov V. N. 
Published: October 2021

V.I. Loginov made a report "On the question of the influence of temperature for the period of latent irritation and the shape of the curve of striated muscles."
At the administrative session, a statement was heard by Mr. Chairman of the Island, that the speech in the annual meeting will be read by Doctor V. V. Nikolaev on the topic - "The significance of the photographic method for experimental research"
Quantitative Interpretation of Water Sensitivity Based on Well Log Data: A Case of a Conglomerate Reservoir in the Karamay Oil Field
Authors: Jin Lingxuan , Liu Yuming , Gao Jian , Hao Ziqiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the process of oil reservoir development, clay minerals in the pores of a reservoir swell because of water absorption, blocking the pore channels, and decreasing the reservoir permeability. This phenomenon is referred to as reservoir water sensitivity. To develop and protect oil and gas fields more scientifically and effectively and save development cost, we examine the water sensitivity of the low-permeability conglomerate reservoir of the Lower Karamay Formation in the 530-well area of District 8 of the Karamay oil field. Based on multiple linear regression and neural network methods, the quantitative calculation of different types of clay minerals was performed by comprehensively using natural gamma ray, neutron, density, sonic transit time, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis data. The water sensitivity experiment was performed in the study area, and the logging interpretation method of reservoir water sensitivity was established by considering the clay mineral content as the medium; moreover, the reservoir water sensitivity degree was quantitatively explained.
A Probabilistic Approach to Seismic Diffraction Imaging
Authors: Decker Luke , Fomel Sergey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a probabilistic method for imaging seismic diffractions based on path-integral imaging. Our approach uses oriented velocity continuation to produce a set of slope-decomposed diffraction images over a range of plausible migration velocities. Utilizing the assumption that each partial image in slope is independent enables us to construct an object resembling a probability field from the slope-decomposed images. That field may be used to create weights for each partial image in velocity corresponding to the likelihood of a correctly migrated diffraction occurring at a location within the seismic image for that migration velocity. Stacking these weighted partial images over velocity provides us with a path-integral seismic diffraction image created using probability weights. We illustrate the principles of the method on a simple toy model, show its robustness to noise on a synthetic, and apply it to a 2D field dataset from the Nankai Trough. We find that using the proposed approach creates diffraction images that enhance diffraction signal while suppressing noise, migration artifacts, remnant reflections, and other portions of the wavefield not corresponding to seismic diffraction relative to previously developed diffraction imaging methods, while simultaneously outputting the most likely migration velocity. The method is intended to be used on data which has already had much of the reflection energy removed using a method like plane-wave destruction. Although it suppresses residual reflection energy successfully, this suppression is less effective in the presence of strong reflections typically encountered in complete field data. The approach outlined in this paper is complimentary to existing data domain methods for diffraction extraction, and the probabilistic diffraction images it generates can supplement existing reflection and diffraction imaging methods by highlighting features that have a high likelihood of being diffractions and accentuating the geologically interesting objects in the subsurface that cause those features.
The Development of Machine Learning Methods in Discriminating Secretory Proteins of Malaria Parasite
Authors: Liu Ting , Chen Jiamao , Zhang Qian , Hippe Kyle , Hunt Cassandra , Le Thu , Cao Renzhi , Tang Hua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is one of the major infectious diseases in the world. It is essential to exploit an effective method to predict secretory proteins of malaria parasites to develop effective cures and treatment. Biochemical assays can provide details for accurate identification of the secretory proteins, but these methods are expensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we summarized the machine learningbased identification algorithms and compared the construction strategies between different computational methods. Also, we discussed the use of machine learning to improve the ability of algorithms to identify proteins secreted by malaria parasites.
Computer Aided Drug Design Methodologies with Natural Products in the
Drug Research Against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: de Sousa Natália Ferreira , Scotti Luciana , de Moura Érika Paiva , dos Santos Maia Mayara , Rodrigues Gabriela Cristina Soares , de Medeiros Herbert Igor Rodrigues , Lopes Simone Mendes , Scotti Marcus Tullius 
Published: October 2021

:
Natural products are compounds isolated from plants that provide a variety of lead structures for the development of new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. The interest in these substances increases because of their beneficial effects on human health. Alzheimer's disease (AD ) affects occur in about 80% of individuals aged 65 years. AD is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, is characterized by progressive neurodegenerative alterations, as decrease of cholinergic impulse, increased toxic effects caused by reactive oxygen species and the inflammatory process that the amyloid plaque participates. In silico studies is relevant in the process of drug discovery; through technological advances in the areas of structural characterization of molecules, computational science and molecular biology have contributed to the planning of new drugs used against neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the social impairment caused by increased incidence of disease and that there is no chemotherapy treatment effective against the AD; several compounds are studied. In the researches for effective neuroprotectants as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease, natural products that have been extensively studied in various AD models. This study aims to carry out a literature review with articles that address the In silico studies of natural products aimed at potential drugs against alzheimer's disease (AD) in the period from 2015 to 2021.