bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term and Long-term Drought Forecasts in Iraq Using Neural Networks and GIS
Authors: Nasir Hamza Neamah , Ahmed Hamdan Ahmed Naseh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrought is a dangerous phenomenon that affects the general life of the environment. Iraq is one of the countries that is facing drought periodically, especially in the last decades due to the great weather changes in the world including global warming, which resulted in less rainfall below normal levels. Therefore, it must be thought of drought forecasting because it is an important role in the planning and management of the water resources in Iraq. In this Study, Recurrent neural networks (RNN) were used as representing of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which is a non-linear kind of ANNs where the output from it will feedback again as input for the next step. This type of neural network can simulate weather conditions with high precision such as rain, wind, earthquake, drought, and temperature. The model used to forecast droughts is the standardized precipitation index (SPI) series as a drought index in Iraq. The two-time scale which is used in this study, which is SPI 6 which represents short term drought and SPI 24 which represent long term drought. RNN was used to make forecasts for the SPI for the period 2020-2030. The assessment of the work and efficiency of RNN was regressing by (R), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Twenty-Four stations were selected to represent all study area (Iraq). Geographic information system (GIS) was used with the aid of Inverse distance weighted (IDW) to represent the forecasted drought for April month from years (2025 and 2030). The results showed that the study region (Iraq) suffered from varied drought levels in different periods ranging from mild to extreme drought, also the study showed improvement by decreasing the drought situation for period 2020-3030, which must be invested well.
Solar energy efficiency in the city of Samawah and its speed in charging off-grid PV system batteries
Authors: Jasim Mohammed Hammoodi , Al-Akoul Karrar A. , Hadi Masar Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The research shows a study of solar energy efficiency in the city of Samawah by using solar cells with some installations to generate electric energy and charge batteries for areas far from electric power plants and areas that are difficult to connect to the national electricity grid (off grid). Solar energy efficiency is calculated based on the average energy consumed within one home during 24 hours without interruption in those areas. Hence, this research focuses on designing a (photovoltaic system) to generate electrical energy consisting of solar cells with a charge regulator with a current inverter with rechargeable storage batteries. This system depends on the average amount of solar radiation falling in those areas and the high temperature of the sun, which is useful for charging and storing batteries faster.
Drop weight impact-water impact relationship of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Ayoob Nadheer S. , Ali Sajjad H. , Abdul Hussein Munther L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The dams’ spillway and its stilling basin are the hydraulic structures that are subjected to very fast water flow, which exposes them to the impact of water and water-dragged materials. To produce an appropriate concrete mixture that is capable to resist such loads, three hybrid fiber-reinforced mixes were prepared using the same materials and a constant total fiber volume fraction of 2.5%, while the fiber hybridization scheme was the only variable. All mixtures had a quantity of 0.5% polypropylene fiber (PP) with length of 18 mm. The first mixture (M1) involved 2% steel fibers with length of 6 mm, while M2 contains 2% of 15 mm steel fibers. A quantity of 1% was added form the two steel fibers for M3. The water-jet impact and drop-weight impact tests were conducted to compare the impact response of the mixtures. The obtained results showed that the abrasion resistance of M2 was higher than that of M1 and M3 by 42 and 21%, respectively. Furthermore, its impact resistance was greater than the average value of that for the other mixes by 43.8%. Finally, the splitting tensile strength can be considered an acceptable scale to describe the abrasion resistance of concrete.
Cold Asphalt Mixtures Characteristics with Cement and Sugar Industry Waste Material as Mineral Filler
Authors: Habeeb Zainab H. , Al-Hdabi Abbas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cold mix asphalt is bituminous material that produced at ambient temperatures. Many advantages can be obtained from cold mix asphalt especially, economic and environmental aspects this come from no need to heat of aggregate and bitumen for purpose the production and laying mix which are remain necessary demand to hot mix asphalt production. However, cold mix asphalt show inferior performance at early life and high porosity. This lab investigation focuses on improving the Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixtures (CBEMs) containing 2% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by adding Sugar industry Waste (SW) with different percentages i.e. 2, 4, 6 by total mass of aggregate. The optimum SW content was selected based on Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test which was 4%. ITS for the modified mix increased significantly to more than 55% and 32% in comparison with the untreated mixtures and CAEM with 2% OPC, respectively. On the other hand, the results of tests for Marshall Stability (MS), Marshall flow (MF) and index of retained strength (IRS) tests were encouraged. The value of MS and MF for mixtures with 4% SW increased about 140% and 38% respectively while, IRS improved about 45% in comparison with untreated mix. Finally, this research has gave highly improved cold bituminous emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) with SW in addition to environmental and economic benefits.
Experimental Study of Performance of Solar Chimney
Authors: Hassan A A , Ahmed Omer Khalil , Abbas E F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a practical study was conducted with and without solar panels to show their effect on the performance of the hybrid solar chimney in the city of Kirkuk in Iraq. Six cells were placed between the base of the collector and the glass cover, which gives freedom to the air to move up and down the cells. Also, it is showed that the speed is higher when using PV until it reaches 1.8 m/s while the air leaving the collector and the energy coming out of the chimney and the efficiency of the solar collector and the efficiency of the chimney. The practical results showed that the chimney base is the ideal location for the turbine, as the air velocity is higher than other locations, and the air velocity increases during the day to reach its highest velocities at 1 pm. The maximum kinetic and electrical power and the amount of heat reached 37, 950, and 280 watts, respectively, in February at 1 pm. The results also showed that the location of the photovoltaic cell determines the degree of its temperature, as the solar cells that are in the middle are characterized by high temperature, while the solar cells that are on the ends are at a lower temperature and the solar cell temperature also depends on the surrounding weather conditions. High-efficiency values are observed for all months in the early morning hours due to the solar cells’ low temperature. The highest recorded electrical efficiency values were 17.8% in December.
Influence of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid Coolant on Thermal Performance of Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cell Stacks
Authors: Arear W F , Zeiny A R N , Al-Baghdadi Maher A R Sadiq 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are renewable and future sustainable power generation systems that operate with zero emissions. Thermal management in fuel cells is still an important issue that must be addressed to extend their life and the possibility of their widespread commercial use. In this research, a simulation model has been developed and validated using MATLAB to investigate the cooling process and its effect on the PEM fuel cells using nanofluids as coolant. Al2O3 nanoparticles have been used due to their thermal characteristics, chemical stability, and cost-effectiveness compared to other nanoparticles. The Al2O3-H2O nanofluid was used with 0.1 to 0.4 vol % concentration. The results showed that employing nanofluids as coolant increases the temperature difference between the coolant outlet and inlet. Nanoparticles concentration increases, the temperature difference increases. Similarly, the nanoparticles concentration increases, both pressure drop across the cooling channel and pumping power increases. Therefore, employing nanofluids in PEM fuel cells seems an impractical choice for the lower temperature difference criterion at a certain pumping power.
An Experimental of Enhancement Heat Exchanger (Shell And Coil) by Different Types of Soil
Authors: Mola Ahmed H , Mutasher Dheya G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Soil is one of the sources of energy conservation, accordingly, the present work aims to enhance the thermal storage efficiency and the thermal behavior for a heater system integrated with a helical coil cylindrical system. The helical coil, combined with a tank having a cylindrical shape, has a diameter of (250) mm and a height of (600) mm, placed under the electric heater. In the experimental study, latent heat storage materials (soil, sand and their mixture) having a high specific heat were used to raise the thermal storage. Different cases under a constant temperature hot water (80 0C) from an electric heater with 100 W/m2 were considered. In the first case, the helical coil was immersed in pure sand in the cylindrical tank, and in second case, the helical coil was immersed in compound (50% sand and 50% soil) in the cylindrical tank, while in third case, the helical coil was immersed in pure soil in the cylindrical tank. These cases were verified for both natural and forced convection with different mass flow rates (0.008 and 0.016 kg/sec). For the forced convection with (0.008 kg/sec), the results indicated that the compound (sand and soil) compared with pure sand gave the best thermal storage duration by approximately (36.84%). There was an increase in the outlet water temperature by (8%), and an increase in the mass flow rate to (0.016 kg/min). The duration was (37%), with an increase of (5.84%) in temperature. The increase of the rate of mass flow led to a reduction in time of the outlet water temperature of discharge process.
Mitigation of Membrane Fouling in Waste Water Treatment Plants by Using MBBR & Sponge Membrane Bioreactor (Sponge-MBR)
Authors: Almusawy A M , Al-Anbari R H , Alsalhy Q F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A membrane bioreactor system is used to treat domestic wastewater by activated sludge-membrane bioreactor (AS-MBR). Two configurations; moving bed bioreactor, sponge-membrane bio reactor (MBBR & Sponge-MBR) and one nanocomposite membrane have been successfully designed to diminish membrane fouling caused by activated sludge. The classical phase inversion was harnessed to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles embeded with polyphenyl sulfone nanocomposite membranes ZnO/PPSU using 1.5 g ZnO. Prepared nanocomposite membrane surface was fully characterized by a series of experimental tools, e.g., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and contact angle (CA), pore size and pore size distribution. The testing procedure was performed through an AS-MBR system as a reference and the results were compared with the configurations obtained from the moving bed (MBBR-MBR) and sponge-MBR, in presence of layer of dense polyurethane sponge (15 x10 x1.5 cm) systems. The fouling reduction of the membrane has improved significantly and thus the overall long-term increased by 145% compared with the control AS-MBR configuration. The experimental results showcased that sponge-MBR were capable of adsorbing activated sludge and other contaminants to minimize the membrane fouling. The sponge-MBR was capable of eliminating nitrogen and phosphorus by 71% and 80%, respectively.
Numerical Simulation of NOx Reduction in a SCR System
Authors: Blinov A S , Malastowski N S , Myagkov L L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The stringent limits of emission standards require advanced emission control technologies to be used in modern on and off highway diesel engines. They include both in-cylinder and aftertreatment measures where the latter now have become almost mandatory. Selective catalytic reduction aftertreatment systems are widely used for nitrogen oxide (NOX) conversion in exhaust gases into harmless N2. To reduce time and costs, at the design stage of SCR systems numerical modelling is applied. Mathematical models and methods providing high prediction accuracy with and acceptable level of computational efforts are required. In this work an approach for complete simulation of SCR systems based on the coupling of commercial CFD software with developed multichannel 1D catalyst model is presented. The first one is used to carefully describe processes occurring upstream in the catalytic converter, particularly, during urea water solution injection and flow mixing. As a result, the distributions of flow parameters at catalyst inlet are derived. They are subsequently imported as boundary conditions into a developed multichannel catalyst model that allows one to take them into account when calculating NOx conversion efficiency. Based on the proposed approach a SCR system was simulated. The effect of non-uniform distributions of NH3 concentration and the gas flow velocity at the catalyst inlet on its performance was investigated. It has been shown that they have a great impact on NOX conversion and should be taken into account during the catalyst modelling.
Assessment of the effectiveness of immune neural network
Authors: Zhigalov K , Pokhomchikova E O , Sygotina M V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays the information technology industry is facing a boom in the research of neural networks and related technologies. Networks are used almost everywhere. However, the question of their effectiveness is omitted. Although there is a growing need to move from quantity to quality. The paper considers a variant of the assessment of the effectiveness of the immune neural network with an example.
Reading and processing of analog signals of the software complex “Automated control system for the technological process of the associated production of concentrates of nanostructures MD1 and MD2”
Authors: Kondrat’ev V V , Kolosov A D , Konstantinova M V , Guseva E A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the main order to automate the control of the technological process of the associated production of concentrates of nanostructures MD1 and MD2 is presented. The algorithm has been developed for processing incoming raw integer data into a real format in the parameter range, which is implemented in software and hardware at the level of the analog input module. The configuration of the algorithm is performed by specifying the input data using the program. The developed algorithms make it possible to implement an effective automated control system for further implementation in production.
Bluetooth based technology for industrial personnel local positioning
Authors: Daudov I M , Orobey M N , Ignatev I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the implementation of radio beacon functions in Bluetooth technology. The architecture of Bluetooth Low Energy technology is considered. The stages of development of Bluetooth technology from version 4.0 to version 5.2 are given. Advertising channels used by the beacon in the frequency range 2402-2480 MHz are shown. Functions and application of Bluetooth beacons are described.
Principles of organization of technological service systems to ensure their reliability
Authors: Kurochkin V N , Shcherbak N A , Nikitchenko S L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes technological systems, which are the production basis of organizations that provide services and produce goods, and service subsystems. In order to study the principles and methods of organizing services to ensure the reliability of the technological system, it is necessary to consider four types of technological systems in the agro-industrial complex: technological systems of plant growing, livestock and other agricultural and processing companies; technological systems of plant-growing processes, animal husbandry, processing of vegetable and animal raw materials; technological systems of production units; and technological systems of production units of enterprises. The systematic approach and the monographic method were used; a systematic analysis of the service system was carried out. It was established that the reliability of a technological system can be improved by organizing technical services and relying on the following principles: creation of a parallel system; organization of a reliability management system; the entry of reliability management into the quality management system, risk management and the general structure of enterprise management; analysis of the types and consequences of failures of the technological system; formation of redundancy; state reliability management; optimization of the structure of the subsystem of technical service by modeling their functions and developing tools for providing technical services.
Use of hydraulic drive of sucker-rod pump 120-6-24 in oil and gas industry as an alternative to import substitution of small-sized pumps
Authors: Pogrebnaya I A , Mikhaylova S V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is the research aimed at the improvement of the quality of hydraulic equipment, namely, investigation of the use of hydraulic drive of sucker-rod pump 120-6-24 in oil and gas industry as an alternative to import substitution of small-sized pumps. Nowadays, at the fields of Western Siberia, it is necessary to replace outmoded and worn-out equipment with modern equipment of proven efficiency. To a greater extent, the imported equipment is used in oil industry. For Russian industry import substitution is one of the key tasks. This article considers the task of wells operation with sucker rod pumping units with a surface hydraulic drive with an analysis of its performance. As an alternative to import substitution for small-sized pumps, it is recommended to use innovative equipment - a highly efficient hydraulic drive of a sucker rod pumping unit, which provides a general increase in the efficiency of production processes during operation, increasing oil production during well operation in optimal mode. The use of this drive leads to a decrease in the costs of oil and gas production enterprises by reducing the level of oil deficit and prevents equipment failure in oil fields. The method of oil production with a hydraulic drive hydraulic drive of sucker-rod pump 120-6-24 considered in this article is widely applied in oil and gas industry and became a valid alternative to small-sized pumps.
Developing optoelectronic devices based on AFV properties to control the physical and chemical parameters of oil products
Authors: Rakhimov N , Mukhametshin V Sh , Tyncherov K T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the development of optical devices based on anomalous photovoltage films. We propose technology for the manufacturing of the optical radiation receiver based on anomalous photovoltage films and optoelectronic sensors to control the physical and chemical parameters of substances and materials. The photoreceiver is a semiconductor device that registers optical radiation and transforms the input optical signal into the output electrical signal of the photodetector. The goal of this work is to facilitate automation and improve labor productivity, as well as miniaturize and improve the quality of oil product analysis and develop a new type of telemetric sensors. The use of generator photoreceivers based on multilayer composition (MLC) as sensors facilitates the fast and accurate oil product measuring and monitoring without contact even for their significant quantities.
Development of digital models and information systems for machine-building enterprises
Authors: Zhigalov K Yu , Daudov Kh A , Gorban A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the use of artificial intelligence systems based on neural systems for the automatic construction of a digital model of a machine-building enterprise. For this purpose it is proposed to split the task into two parts: automated design of a digital model of a terrain and three-dimensional terrain objects. Besides, for the automated construction of three-dimensional objects, they must be previously classified. Accordingly, we solve three problems simultaneously. As a result of the described techniques, the Geoinformation System can be used to automate the enterprise plan in real time.
Modern equipment for core sampling while drilling wells in the fields of Tomsk region
Authors: Saveleva N N , Shed S N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The drillers face the task to increase the volume of work on exploratory wells to the Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic basement of the fracture intervals in Tomsk region. Paleozoic basement Pz and Kv are the objects with a complex geological structure. The main purpose of each coring sampling from all types of wells is to obtain direct information about the rocks that compose the objects of interest in the fields, which is necessary for the solution of a set of problems of prospecting, exploration and production of hydrocarbons. Research tasks are to identify the features of the development of fracture intervals, the conditions of rock deposition, the type of rocks, the fracture orientation, permeability, porosity, saturation of the pore space with fluid and to forecast promising areas in the Paleozoic basement. The paper describes the work on core sampling in the Paleozoic deposits of Tomsk region. The core sampling equipment and the results obtained at the Severo-Kalinovskoye field are presented. According to the results of the analysis of the cores, the conclusions are drawn about the further stages of drilling for the assessment of the deposits of the Paleozoic basement in Tomsk region.
Adjustment of mud pump parameters by the frequency conversion method
Authors: Suleimanov R I , Khabibullin M Ya , Davydov A Yu , Zaripova L M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article describes the process of adjusting the main parameters of a mud pump by the method of frequency conversion of the current in the electric circuit feeding the pump electric motor. This technical solution creates conditions for more efficient operation of the mud pump, reducing the consumption of electrical energy and increasing the values of operation parameters.
Automation security in a machine-building plant
Authors: Zhigalov K Yu , Guzueva E R , Polovneva S I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The operating system is the most important software component of any computer, and therefore, the security of the enterprise information system as a whole depends on the level of implementation of the security policy in a single operating system. In general, Linux operating systems (OS) cannot be considered as a ready-to-use security system. There are many recommendations on improving Linux security, but the authors of these recommendations do not guarantee that their recommendations are sufficient to achieve the required level of system security. This study attempts to systematize available methods for increasing the level of security of application software for Linux-like OSs operating as part of control systems at nuclear power facilities. The required level of security of the entire system can be achieved at the application software level.