bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Consumption and Adsorption-Regeneration of H2S on Activated Carbon for Coke Oven Flue Gas Purification
Authors: Lin Yuting , Li Yuran , Xu Zhicheng , Guo Junxiang , Zhu Tingyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carbon consumption of activated carbon varies with the sulfur-containing products. In this work, differential thermogravimetric (DTG), electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were used to reveal the adsorption-regeneration process of H 2 S and the effect of adsorption products on carbon consumption. H 2 S reacts with the C=C bond to form C-S bond as an intermediate state, followed by the formation of elemental sulfur. It directly sublimates at approximately 380 °C , about 30 °C higher than the decomposition temperature of H 2 SO 4 . In the thermal regeneration process, the elemental sulfur in the form of monoclinic sulfur (S 8 ) first breaks into infinitely long chain molecules (S ∞ ) and then into small molecules, finally into sulfur vapor. The desorption of elemental sulfur consumes less oxygen and carbon functional groups, reducing the chemical carbon consumption by 59.8% than H 2 SO 4 . The compressive strength reduces less due to its slight effect on the disordered graphitic structure. H 2 S also reacts with the C=O bond to form H 2 SO 3 or H 2 SO 4 . The desorption of H 2 SO 3 does not require carbon consumption. The decomposition of H 2 SO 4 needs to react with C=C bond to release SO 2 , CO 2 , and CO, and the compressive strength of activated carbon significantly decreases. The carbon consumption originates from two aspects, the one from the regeneration of sulfur-containing products is more than twice of the other one from the decomposition of oxygen-containing functional groups.
Pollution, Ecological Risk and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments From the Huafei River in the Eastern Suburbs of Kaifeng, China
Authors: Jin Bingyan , Wang Jinling , Lou Wei , Wang Liren , Xu Jinlong , Qian Jing , Liu Dexin , Peng Jianbiao , Ma Qingxia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rivers in urban environments are significant components of their ecosystems, but remain under threat of pollution from unchecked discharges of industrial sewage and domestic waste water. Such river pollution, particularly over the longer term involving heavy metals, is an issue of worldwide concern regarding risks to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we investigate the long-term pollution characteristics of the Huafei River, an important urban river in Kaifeng, China. River sedimentary samples were analyzed, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods; whilst Pearson’s correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses were used to identify the sources of pollution. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are significantly higher than their corresponding fluvo-aquic soil background values in China, and the geo-accumulation indexes indicate that of the 8 heavy metals identified, Hg is most prevalent, followed in sequence by Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cr. The potential ecological risk index of the Huafei river is extremely strong, with the potential ecological risk intensity highest in the midstream and downstream sections where it is recommended that pollution control is carried out, especially concerning Hg and Cd. Long-term sequence analysis indicates that Cu and Pb dropped sharply from 1998 to 2017, but rebounded in 2019, and that Zn shows a continuous decreasing trend. Four main sources for the heavy metal contaminants were identified: Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg derived mainly from industrial activities, traffic sources and natural sources; Cd originated mainly from industrial and agricultural activities; whilst As was mainly associated with industrial activities. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will provide theoretical references for the effective control and scientific management of heavy metal pollution in Huafei River and its surrounding areas.
Psychological Distress and Resilience in a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jacobson Clare , Miller Nicola , Mulholland Rebecca , Baker Laura , Glazer Daniel , Betts Emily , Brown Louise , Elders Vera , Carr Robert , Hudson Lee D , Ogundiran Olufunmilola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adolescents and young people (AYA) with cancer are at greater risk of psychological distress which can impact treatment. COVID-19 has resulted in changes to cancer care delivery and AYA have been disproportionately affected by economic and educational effects of COVID-19, potentially impacting on mental health. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on AYA with cancer is important to inform care. METHODS: Online survey of 16-24 year olds receiving cancer treatment at 8 cancer centres in the UK in December 2020. We measured: self-perceived increased anxiety since COVID-19, impact of COVID-19 on treatment, life and relationships and used the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-8), 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD) and the 2-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC). RESULTS: 112 AYA participated (17.8% of total eligible). 62.8% were female, 67.3% were 21-24 years. 83% were white. 59.8% had previously experienced mental health difficulties. 67.9% received cancer treatment during the pandemic and 33.9% were diagnosed during the pandemic. 78.6% reported COVID-19 having a significant impact on their life, 55.4% on their key relationship and 39.3% on their treatment. 79% reported experiencing some degree of increased anxiety since COVID-19.43.4% had moderate-severe PHQ-8 scores and 37.1% for GADS-7. Self-report of impact on life was associated with greater anxiety during COVID-19 and moderate-severe PHQ-8 score (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.52 to 19.40, p <0.01; OR 5.23, 95%CI 1.65 to 16.56, p < 0.01). Impact on relationships was associated with greater anxiety and moderate-severe GADS-7and PHQ-8 score (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.11 to 7.54, p = 0,03; OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.32 to 15.17, p<0.01; OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.25, p =0.03). Greater CD-RISC score was associated with lower risk of anxiety and mod-severe GADS-7and PHQ-8 scores (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.41 to 0.81, p <0.01; OR 0.55 95% CI 0.4 to 0.72, p <0.01; OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.69, p <0.01) CONCLUSIONS: We found high levels of psychological distress in AYA with cancer, which is important knowledge for clinical teams working with this age group. Perceived impact of COVID-19 on relationships and life was predictive of poorer mental health, with resilience a potential protective factor.
Superpixel Image Segmentation of the Tumoral Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer: Frontiers Beyond the Microscope
Authors: Hacking Sean , Wu Dongling , Alexis Claudine , Nasim Mansoor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accounts for 9% of all cancers. The stroma and the tumoral microenvironment represent brave new frontiers for patients with colorectal cancer. Here we demonstrate novel superpixel image segmentation (SIS) techniques for whole slide images (WSI) to unravel this biology. Findings of significance include the association of low proportionated stromal area (PSA), high immature stromal percentage (ISP) and high myxoid stromal ratio (MSR) with worse prognostic outcomes in our CRC patients. Overall, stromal markers outperformed all others at predicting clinical outcomes. In particular, MSR may be able to prognosticate patients independent of tumor stage and may be the most optimal way to effectively prognosticate CRC patients which circumvents the need for more extensive deep learning (DL) based computational profiling. Approaches demonstrated here can be performed by a trained pathologist and very easily recorded during synoptic cancer reporting with appropriate quality assurance. Future well-designed, robust clinical trials will have the ultimate say in determining whether digital image analysis and superpixel image segmentation can better tailor the need for adjuvant therapy in patients with colorectal cancer.
Integration of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Competencies in General Practice Postgraduate Education – Development of a Novel Competency Catalogue in Germany
Authors: Valentini Jan , Klocke Carina , Güthlin Corina , Joos Stefanie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundComplementary and Integrative medical procedures (CIM) play an important role in general practice (GP). Consequently, in some countries (e.g. USA, Australia) specific curricula for the integration of CIM competencies in GP postgraduate education exist. Although Germany is one of the countries where CIM is strongly integrated in general practice, no such catalogue exists up to date. The aim of this study was to define a set of CIM competencies that are seen as relevant and feasible for postgraduate education in the German general practice setting.MethodsFirstly, a survey among GP trainees (n= 138) was performed in order to assess needs and attitudes towards CIM. Then, existing competency-based CIM curricula were identified in international literature, translated into German and compared with the needs assessment from the survey. Finally, in a multi-stage Delphi procedure, GP trainers, GP trainees and members of professional CIM associations (n= 131) evaluated a list of CIM competencies according to relevance and feasibility for general practice.ResultsWithin this multistage process a final catalogue of 16 competencies was defined, covering the following areas: Medical knowledge, patient care and communication, practice-based learning, professionalism and competencies based on the German health care system.ConclusionThe final catalogue of CIM competencies is intended to serve for GP training complementing the German competency-based curriculum for general practice. These competencies cover basic skills and are not intended to replace existing additional qualifications awarded by the medical associations in specific CIM methods, such as acupuncture or manual medicine. Therefore, a list of relevant competencies on CIM is available in order to serve as add-on for postgraduate education in general practice in Germany.
Three-dimensional mandibular changes associated with Class II elastics and extractions treatment in adult patients
Authors: Liu Hong , Xi Xun , Liu Dongxu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: The apllication of Class II elastic can induce the rotation of mandible and condylar response. The purpose of this study was to assess the positional and morphological alterations of mandible after orthodontic treatment with Class II elastic by using of 3-dimensional superimposition of pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2) and after retention (T3) CBCT data. Methods: With sequential 3D superimpositions that combined cranial base superimpositions with regional mandibular superimpositions, the virtual reference mandibles were placed to distinguish morphological changes from positional changes. The morphological changes and positional changes of mandibles were measured by comparing multiple combinations of reference and original mandibles respectively, and the corresponding paired t test was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS version 23). Results: During orthodontic treatment (T1-T2), the mandibular molars were extruded, and the condyles were revealed apparent adaptive remodeling and upward/backward displacements. The mandible rotated backwardly and drifted backwardly/downwardly. The condylar growth and displacements were significantly different. The condylar growth did not induce isometric displacements and the forward rotation was restricted. Two years after retention (T2-T3), continuous morphological and positional changes occurred. The condylar remodeling and forward/downward displacements induced forward mandibular rotation and neutralized the backward rotation during treatment period (T1-T2). The overall positional changes (T1-T3) were translations with slight rotation. Statistically significant differences were found between the treatment and overall variables regarding the 3D rotation, condylar displacement, Pog displacement. And with the continuous morphological and positional changes, the condyle moved back to the initial position after the retention stage.Conclusion: Conclusions: the sequential 3D superimposition method can produce the reference mandibles and distinguish the morphological changes from positional alterations. The class II elastics induced mandibular complex changes including condylar adaptive remodeling and 3D rotation and translation. The condyles morphologically adapted to resist the rotation effects of Class II elastic.
Polygenic Risk Scoring of Human Embryos: a Qualitative Study of Media Coverage
Authors: Pagnaer Tiny , Siermann Maria , Borry Pascal , Tšuiko Olga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Current preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) technologies enable embryo genotyping across the whole genome. Consequently, this has led to the development of polygenic risk scoring of human embryos (PGT-P). Recent implementation of PGT-P, including screening for intelligence, has been extensively covered by the media, raising major controversy. Considering the increasing demand for assisted reproduction, we evaluated how information about PGT-P is communicated in press media and explored the diversity of ethical themes present in the public debate.Methods LexisNexis Academic database and Google News were searched to identify articles about polygenic embryo screening. This led to 535 news articles. 59 original articles met the inclusion criteria. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse these articles.Results 8.8% of articles gave embryo polygenic scoring a positive portrayal, while 36.8% expressed a negative attitude. 54.4% were neutral, mostly highlighting limited practical value of the technology in in vitro fertilization (IVF) settings. We identified five main ethical themes that are also present in academic literature and the broader debate on reproductive technologies: a slippery slope towards designer babies, well-being of the child and parents, impact on society, deliberate choice and societal readiness.Conclusions Implementation of embryo polygenic profiling engenders a need for specific recommendations. Current media analysis discloses important ethical themes to consider when creating future guidelines for PGT-P.
A Nature-inspired Hierarchical Branching Structure Pressure Sensor for Medical Wearables
Authors: Guoliang Huang , Han Yang , Rongxin Fu , Xiaohui Shan , Ruliang Wang , Xue Lin , Ya Su , Xiangyu Jin , Wenli Du , Wenqi Lv 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Both ecosystems and biological systems in nature have evolved with unique hierarchical branching networks to maximize the efficiency and range of material transmission and adaptability to their external environment. Here we emulate this hierarchical branching (HB) network using a multilayer superposition approach and apply it in the design of flexible pressure sensors for medical wearables. Based on the HB structure, simulation results demonstrate that the deformation of microstructures is efficiently scheduled. Experiments show that the sensitivity of the HB sensor exhibits almost 34- and 55-fold improvements over the medium-pressure and high-pressure ranges, respectively, compared with that of a pressure sensor with a traditional monolayer structure. Successful monitoring of the diverse stimuli from humans demonstrates the considerable potential of the HB sensor in medical wearables. Additionally, the small and thin nature of the sensor enables it to quantify medical diagnostic processes, such as intelligent traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis.
Bivalence Fuzzified Decision Stump Bootstrap Aggregation for Energy and Cost-Efficient 6G Communication
Authors: Rahim Robbi , Ramalingam Parameshwaran , Ramachandran Manikandan , Bhaskar Vidhyacharan , Kumar Ambeshwar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Future Sixth generation (6G) wireless networks are anticipatedto offer entirecoverage, improved spectral, energyandcost-efficient communication.The 6G will enable a network collectivelyand offer seamless wireless connectionsbetween the devices. While the deployment of 5G is ongoing, mobile communication networks are still suffering many basic challenges such as high-energy consumption and operating costs. To address these issues, it is very important to consider and develop new technologies in next-generation mobile communication, namely 6G. Novel machine learning can potentially assist the 6G to obtain better communication. Bivalence Fuzzified Decision Stump Bootstrap Aggregating (BFDSBA) model is introduced for energy and cost efficient communication. The BFDSBA model considers the nodes i.e. devices in the forecasting process before the data communication in the 6G network. The Bootstrap Aggregative technique utilizes set of weak learners as Bivalence Fuzzified Decision Stump. For each device in the network, energy, signal strength, and bandwidth is measured. Based on the estimated resources, efficient devices are selected for the 6G network architectural design. This in turn helps to improvedata communication with lesser cost in6G networks. The result exposesimprovement of BFDSBA model than the conventional methods.
Impact of Valvular Heart Disease on Hip Replacement: A Retrospective Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study
Authors: Lian Qiang , Wang Jian , Yang Qinfeng , Lian Yun , Zhao Mingchen , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo study the impact of valvular heart disease (VHD) on joint replacement, particularly the clinical impactions of aortic stenosis before total/partial hip arthroplasty. MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Data on patients who had undergone joint replacement from 2005 to 2014 were extracted from the NIS database. Linear regression was used to analyze the essential characteristics of patients. Multivariate regression was used to estimate the correlation among demographics, comorbidities, complications, hospitalization costs, and time.ResultsOf the hip replacement surgeries, VHDs accounted for 5.56% and aortic stenosis (AS) accounted for 0.03% before surgery. VHD patients are related to the following characteristics: female patients (odds ratio [OR]=1.15 [1.12–1.18]), elective admission (OR=0.78 [0.76–0.80]), Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3 (OR=1.06 [1.03–1.08]), large-volume hospitals (OR=1.13 [1.1–1.2]), teaching hospitals (OR=5 4.4 [2.9–6.7]), and hospital location in urban areas (OR=1.22 [1.2–1.3]). In addition, VHD is a risk factor for mortality and some acute postoperative medical complications, such as acute cardiac event (OR=2.96 [2.87–3.04]), acute pulmonary edema (OR=1.13 [1.06–1.21]), acute cerebrovascular event (OR=1.22 [1.16–1.74]), and acute renal failure (OR=1.22 [1.17–1.27]). It also has an impact on DVT/PE (OR=0.89 [0.8–0.99]). Patients with AS before hip replacement have basic demographic characteristics similar to those of TJA patients with valvular disease. Patients with AS are older (≥80 years) than those without AS before surgery (OR=3.28 [2.27–4.75) and have the following characteristics: female patients (OR=1.92 [1.32–2.8]) and elective admission (OR=0.51 [0.36–0.75]). The perioperative period is limited to acute postoperative complications, such as acute cardiac events (OR=2.50 [1.76–3.53]) and acute hepatic failure (OR=7.69 [1.8–32.89]). Both valvular diseases and AS are associated with a higher mortality rate and hospitalization cost. ConclusionValvular heart disease (VHD) independently predicted mortality rate and surgical and medical complications after total/partial hip arthroplasty.
Ultrafast and Stable Planar Photodetector Based on SnS2 Nanosheets/Perovskite Structure
Authors: Shooshtari Leyla , Esfandiar Ali , Orooji Yasin , Samadpour Mahmoud , Rahighi Reza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising candidates of photodetectors where they are commonly grown parallel to the substrate due to their 2D characteristics in micrometer scales from exfoliation of bulk crystals or through high temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. In this study, semi-hexagonal vertical nanosheets of SnS2 layered have been fabricated on FTO substrate without using Sn source through CVD method at relatively low temperature (500°C). Due to exceptional band alignment of triple cation lead perovskite with semi- hexagonal SnS2 nanosheets, an improved photodetector has been fabricated. This type of photodetectors fabricated through lithography-free and electrodes metallization free approach with remarkable fast response (20.7µs/31.4µs as rising /falling times), showed high photoresponsivity, external quantum efficiency and detectivity of 1.58 AW-1, 453% and 8.35 ×10 11, respectively under illumination of incident light ith 445nm. The stability of the photodetectors has been studied utilizing a protective PMMA layer on the perovskite layer in 100% humidity. The introduced growth and fabrication process of the planar photodetector, including one/two dimentional interface through the edges/ basal planes of layered materials with perovskite film, paves a way for the large scale, cost-effective and high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Emergy Based Ecological Efficiency Evaluation and Optimization Method for Logistics Park
Authors: Wang Cui , Zhang Cuixia , Hu Fagang , Wang Yuan , Yu Li’e , Liu Conghu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of the economy and the change in transaction mode has promoted the development of logistics parks. How to evaluate and optimize the ecological efficiency of logistics park to achieve its sustainable development has been considered a challenge. Therefore, this paper puts forward an emergy based ecological efficiency evaluation and optimization method for Logistics Park. By constructing the ecological efficiency evaluation model of logistics park, it quantitatively evaluates the ecological efficiency and sustainable development of logistics park, and analyzes the correlation between various factors and ecological efficiency. The application results of H Logistics Park show that fuel oil, information technology, net profit, and waste gas are closely related to the ecological efficiency of logistics park, and the correlation coefficients are 0.8248, − 0.6949, 0.8544 and 0.7661 respectively. On this basis, the paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the ecological efficiency of the logistics park. This paper provides theoretical and methodological support for the evaluation and optimization of the ecological efficiency of the logistics park.