bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Tmc1 Deafness Mutations Impact Mechanotransduction in Auditory Hair Cells
Authors: Beurg Maryline , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Koleilat Alaa , Amr Sami S. , Oza Andrea , Barlow Amanda J. , Ballesteros Angela , Fettiplace Robert 
Published: April 2021

Transmembrane channel-like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) is a major component of the mechano-electrical transducer (MET) channel in cochlear hair cells and is subject to numerous mutations causing deafness. We report a new dominant human deafness mutation,TMC1p.T422K, and have characterized the homologous mouse mutant,Tmc1p.T416K, which caused deafness and outer hair cell (OHC) loss by the fourth postnatal week. MET channels showed decreased Ca2+permeability and resting open probability, but no change in single-channel conductance or expression. Three adjacent deafness mutations areTMC1p.L416R, p.G417R, and p.M418K, the last homologous to the mouseBeethoventhat exhibits similar channel effects. All substitute a positive for a neutral residue, which could produce charge screening in the channel pore or influence binding of an accessory subunit. Channel properties were compared in mice of both sexes between dominant (Tmc1p.T416K,Tmc1p.D569N) and recessive (Tmc1p.W554L,Tmc1p.D528N) mutations of residues near the putative pore of the channel.Tmc1p.W554L and p.D569N exhibit reduced maximum current with no effect on single-channel conductance, implying a smaller number of channels transported to the stereociliary tips; this may stem from impaired TMC1 binding to LHFPL5.Tmc1p.D528N, located in the pore's narrowest region, uniquely caused large reductions in MET channel conductance and block by dihydrostreptomycin (DHS). ForTmc1p.T416K andTmc1p.D528N, transduction loss occurred between P15 and P20. We propose two mechanisms linking channel mutations and deafness: decreased Ca2+permeability, common to all mutants, and decreased resting open probability in low Ca2+, confined to dominant mutations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTransmembrane channel-like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) is thought to be a major component of the mechanotransducer channel in auditory hair cells, but the protein organization and channel structure are still uncertain. We made four mouse lines harboringTmc1point mutations that alter channel properties, causing hair cell degeneration and deafness. These include a mouse homolog of a new human deafness mutation pT416K that decreased channel Ca2+permeability by introducing a positively-charged amino acid in the putative pore. All mutations are consistent with the channel structure predicted from modeling, but only one, p.D528N near the external face of the pore, substantially reduced channel conductance and Ca2+permeability and virtually abolished block by dihydrostreptomycin (DHS), strongly endorsing its siting within the pore.
The Osteochondroma as a Cause of Ischiofemoral Impingement – First Case Series
Authors: Güney Bunyamin , Doğan Emrah , Özdemir Murat Yunus 
Published: April 2021

Ischiofemoral impingement (ISFI) is the compression of the quadratus femoris muscle resulting from the narrowed distance between the lesser trochanter and the ischial bone. Congenital factors (such as developmental hip dysplasia), positional conditions (such as femoral anteversion), intertrochanteric fractures, osteotomy, and osteoarthritis may lead to the superior and medial displacement of the femur which is causing the ISFI. According to the literature, osteochondroma (OC) is not described among the main etiological factors of ISFI. There is only one case report about the relationship between ISFI and OC. We present two ISFI cases due to OC accompanied by radiological findings. Our patients are 19 and 32 years old. Our article is the first case series on this topic.
Towards enhanced nanoindentation by image recognition
Authors: Brinckmann Steffen , Schwaiger Ruth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Oliver–Pharr method is maybe the most established method to determine a material’s Young’s modulus and hardness. However, this method has a number of requirements that render it more challenging for hard and stiff materials. Contact area and frame stiffness have to be calibrated for every tip, and the surface contact has to be accurately identified. The frame stiffness calibration is particularly prone to inaccuracies since it is easily affected, e.g., by sample mounting. In this study, we introduce a method to identify Young’s modulus and hardness from nanoindentation without separate area function and frame stiffness calibrations and without surface contact identification. To this end, we employ automatic image recognition to determine the contact area that might be less than a square micrometer. We introduce the method and compare the results to those of the Oliver–Pharr method. Our approach will be demonstrated and evaluated for nanoindentation of Si, a hard and stiff material, which is challenging for the proposed method.Graphic Abstract
DELAY TOLERANT NETWORKING SUPPORT FOR CREATION HIGH-ACCURACY MAGNETIC FIELD MAPS
Authors: Babeniuk G. M. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The main purpose of Correlation Extremal Navigation system is finding coordinates in case of absence of Global Positioning System signal and as a result high-accuracy maps as the main source of information for finding coordinates are very important. Magnetic field map as the main source of information can include errors values, as an example: not good enough equipment or human factor can cause error value of measurements.
Objective. In order to create high-accuracy maps given work proposes to improve the process of creating magnetic field maps. The given work represents delay tolerant networking as an additional approach for data transmission between magnetic observatory and magnetic station and its improvement.
Method. Improved Dijkstra’s algorithm together with Ford-Fulkerson’s algorithm for finding path with minimum capacity losses, earliest delivery time and maximum bit rate in case of overlapping contacts should be represented in the given work because nowadays, delay tolerant networking routing protocols do not take into account the overlap factor and resulting capacity losses and it leads to big problems
Results. For the first time will be presented algorithm that chooses the route that guarantees the minimum of capacity losses, earliest delivery time and maximum bit rate in the delay tolerant networking with overlapping contacts and increases the probability of successful data transmission between magnetic stations and magnetic observatories.
Conclusions. In order to perform high-accuracy measurement of magnetic field group of people allocate their equipment for magnetic field measurement in remote areas in order to avoid the influence of environment on measurements of magnetometer. Since magnitude of magnetic field can vary dependent on temperature, proximity to the ocean, latitude (diurnal variation of magnetic field) and magnetic storms magnetic station from time to time adjusts its measurements with a help of reference values of magnetic field (magnetic station sends request for reference values to magnetic observatory). The problem of the given approach is that remote areas usually are not covered by network (no Internet) and as a result the adjustment of measurements is impossible. In order to make adjustment of measurements possible and as a result improve accuracy of magnetic maps given work proposed the usage of Delay Tolerant Networking that delivers internet access to different areas around the world and represented its improvement to make its approach even better.The results are published for the first time.
GAME MODEL OF ONTOLOGICAL PROJECT SUPPORT
Authors: Kravets P. , Lytvyn V. , Vysotska V. 
Published: April 2021

Context. In today’s information society with advanced telecommunications through mobile devices and computer networks, it is important to form a variety of virtual organizations and communities. Such virtual associations of people by professional or other interests are designed to quickly solve various tasks: to perform project tasks, create startups to attract investors, network marketing, distance learning, solving complex problems in science, economics and public administration , construction of various Internet services, discussion of political and social processes, etc.
Objective of the study is to develop an adaptive Markov recurrent method based on the stochastic approximation of the modified condition of complementary non-rigidity, valid at Nash equilibrium points for solving the problem of game coverage of projects.
Method. In this work the multiagent game model for formation of virtual teams of executors of projects on the basis of libraries of subject ontologies is developed. The competencies and abilities of agents required to carry out projects are specified by sets of ontologies. Intelligent agents randomly, simultaneously and independently choose one of the projects at discrete times. Agents who have chosen the same project determine the current composition of the team of its executors. For agents’ teams, a current penalty is calculated for insufficient coverage of competencies by the combined capabilities of agents. This penalty is used to adaptively recalculate mixed player strategies. The probabilities of selecting those teams whose current composition has led to a reduction in the fine for non-coverage of ontologies are increasing. During the repetitive stochastic game, agents will form vectors of mixed strategies that will minimize average penalties for non-coverage of projects.
Results. For solve the problem of game coverage of projects, an adaptive Markov recurrent method based on the stochastic approximation of the modified condition of complementary non-rigidity, valid at Nash equilibrium points, was developed.
Conclusions. Computer simulation confirmed the possibility of using the stochastic game model to form teams of project executors with the necessary ontological support in conditions of uncertainty. The convergence of the game method is ensured by compliance with the fundamental conditions and limitations of stochastic optimization. The reliability of experimental studies is confirmed by the repeatability of the results obtained for different sequences of random variables.
APPLICATION OF THE “JUMPING FROGS” ALGORITHM FOR RESEARCH AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS
Authors: Koshevoy N. D. , Muratov V. V. , Kirichenko A. L. , Borisenko S. A. 
Published: April 2021

Context. An application of the method of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm to construct optimal experiment plans for cost (time) in the study of technological processes and systems that allow the implementation of an active experiment on them is proposed.
The object of study are optimization methods for cost (time) costs of experimental designs, based on the application of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm.
Objective. To obtain optimization results by optimizing the search of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm for the cost (time) costs of plans for a full factorial experiment.
Method. A method is proposed for constructing a cost-effective (time) implementation of an experiment planning matrix using algorithms for searching for “jumping frogs”. At the beginning, the number of factors and the cost of transitions for each factor level are entered. Then, taking into account the entered data, the initial experiment planning matrix is formed. Then, taking into account the entered data, the initial matrix of experiment planning is formed. The “jumping frogs” method determines the “successful frog” by the lowest cost of transitions between levels for each of the factors. After that, the permutations of the “frogs” are performed. The “frog” strives for the most “successful” and, provided it stays close, remains in the location. Then the gain is calculated in comparison with the initial cost (time) of the experiment.
Results. Software has been developed that implements the proposed method, which was used to conduct computational experiments to study the properties of these methods in the study of technological processes and systems that allow the implementation of an active experiment on them. The experimental designs that are optimal in terms of cost (time) are obtained, and the winnings in the optimization results are compared with the initial cost of the experiment. A comparative analysis of optimization methods for the cost (time) costs of plans for a full factorial experiment is carried out.
Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the operability of the proposed method and the software that implements it, and also allows us to recommend it for practical use in constructing optimal experiment planning matrices.
Comparison of three different instruments for orthodontic study model analysis
Authors: Julyan JC , Julyan Jennifer , De Lange Johny 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: A proper model analysis forms a vital part of the orthodontic diagnosis process, but it remains a time-consuming procedure. In day-to-day practice, many orthodontists assess the models subjectively, without applying analytical tests, due to the time it takes to do proper model analysis.1,2 Plaster dental models have long been the gold standard for orthodontic study model analysis and to calculate the Bolton index for tooth size disproportions, as well as intra-arch space discrepancies.3,4 Vernier callipers or needle pointed dividers are traditionally used to perform measurements on dental models.5 More recently digital orthodontic study models that are computer-based have been developed and have the potential to replace the traditional plaster orthodontic models.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to do model analysis on one hundred orthodontic cases by making use of three different measuring tools. The objective was to see if a difference exists with regards to the measurements produced by the three different instruments and to compare the instruments with each other. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three different instruments were used to measure Ave values on one hundred orthodontic study models. The three instruments included a Boley Gauge, Digital Vernier Calliper and Carestream 3600 scanner with accompanying software. The five values measured on the study models were: maxillary intercanine width, maxillary intermolar width, mesio-distal width of tooth 11, mesio-distal width of tooth 46 and mesio-distal width of tooth 41. RESULTS: The statistical analysis performed showed that the difference in measurements produced by the three instruments were not statistically significant for the inter-molar width (p = 0.849), intercanine width (p = 0.657), mesio-distal width of tooth 11 (p = 0.178) and mesio-distal width of tooth 41 (p = 0.240 The difference in measurements for the mesio-distal width of tooth 46 were statistically significant (p<0.01). However no clinically significant difference was found when the measurements produced by the three instruments were compared. CONCLUSIONS: All three of the instruments produced accurate measurements and can be used confidently when doing a comprehensive study model analysis for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The values produced were similar for all three instruments with insignificant differences between the three.
Regeneration indicators of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perl. in the Mbe plain of the Adamawa, Cameroon
Authors: LAMY LAMY Georges Maxime 
Published: April 2021

Background In Africa, the Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. species is extremely important culturally, ecologically and socio-economically. This importance has led to its over-exploitation leading to an in situ rarity of its individuals. As a consequence, a conservation alert is increasingly reported across the continent due to the risk of extinction of this multipurpose plant. Unfortunately, indicators of regeneration and conservation guidelines for this species have been not developped yet. The objective was to evaluate the habitat, population distribution, dendrometric characteristics and structure of the plant which are indicators of regeneration in Cameroon.
Methodology A floristic inventory as well as the vegetation transect method was used in the villages Def, Karna Manga and Karna Petel located in Adamawa, Cameroon.
Results A total of 109 individuals of the plant were counted with a density of 3.5 individuals per hectare. No plant individuals regenerated in human-controlled habitats (bush fields and home gardens). Population distribution, companion species (Bombax costatum, Piliostigma thonningii and Terminalia macroptera) more recurrent, species of the family Caesalpiniaceae in majority, dendrometric characteristics with a significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) between sites, horizontal and vertical structures although all significant at Karna Manga, showed site-specific patterns.
Conclusion The regeneration indicators (habitat, population distribution, structure and dendrometric characteristics: crown diameter, diameter at breast height, height of the first large living branch and tree height) showed that conservation in situ requires accounting for local, site-specific conditions. For the continuation, the less expensive domestication techniques specific to the plant are recommended.
A scoping review of COVID-19 experiences of people living with dementia
Authors: Bacsu Juanita-Dawne R. , O’Connell Megan E. , Webster Claire , Poole Lisa , Wighton Mary Beth , Sivananthan Saskia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Compared with the general population, people living with dementia have been unequivocally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the COVID-19 impact on people with dementia and their care partners. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize the existing literature on the COVID-19 experiences of people with dementia and their care partners.

Methods
Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, we searched five electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science) and an online search engine (Google Scholar). Inclusion criteria consisted of English-language articles focusing on the COVID-19 experiences of people with dementia and their care partners.

Synthesis
Twenty-one articles met our inclusion criteria: six letters to the editor, seven commentaries, and eight original research studies. In the literature, five main themes were identified: (i) care partner fatigue and burnout; (ii) lack of access to services and supports; (iii) worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive function; (iv) coping with COVID-19; and (v) the need for more evidence-informed research. Factors such as living alone, having advanced dementia, and the length of confinement were found to exacerbate the impact of COVID-19.

Conclusion
Urgent action is needed to support people living with dementia and their care partners in the pandemic. With little access to supports and services, people with dementia and their care partners are currently at a point of crisis. Collaboration and more evidence-informed research are critical to reducing mortality and supporting people with dementia during the pandemic.
Toward Using Seismic Interferometry to Quantify Landscape Mechanical Variations after Earthquakes
Authors: Marc Odin , Sens-Schönfelder Christoph , Illien Luc , Meunier Patrick , Hobiger Manuel , Sawazaki Kaoru , Rault Claire , Hovius Niels 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In mountainous terrain, large earthquakes often cause widespread coseismic landsliding as well as hydrological and hydrogeological disturbances. A subsequent transient phase with high landslide rates has also been reported for several earthquakes. Separately, subsurface seismic velocities are frequently observed to drop coseismically and subsequently recover. Consistent with various laboratory work, we hypothesize that the seismic-velocity changes track coseismic damage and progressive recovery of landscape substrate, which modulate landslide hazard and hydrogeological processes, on timescales of months to years. To test this, we analyze the near-surface seismic-velocity variations, obtained with single-station high-frequency (0.5–4 Hz) passive image interferometry, in the epicentral zones of four shallow earthquakes, for which constraints on landslide susceptibility through time exist. In the case of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, detailed landslide mapping allows us to accurately constrain an exponential recovery of landslide susceptibility with a relaxation timescale of about 1 yr, similar to the pattern of recovery of seismic velocities. The 2004 Niigata, 2008 Iwate, and 2015 Gorkha earthquakes have less-resolved constraints on landsliding, but, assuming an exponential recovery, we also find matching relaxation timescales, from ∼0.1 to ∼0.6  yr, for the landslide and seismic recoveries. These observations support our hypothesis and suggest that systematic monitoring of seismic velocities after large earthquakes may help constrain and manage the evolution of landslide hazard in epicentral areas. To achieve this goal, we end by discussing several ways to improve the link between seismic velocity and landscape mechanical properties, specifically by better constraining time-dependent near-surface strength and hydrogeological changes. Hillslopes displaying coseismic surface fissuring and displacement may be an important target for future geotechnical analysis and coupled to passive geophysical investigations.
El diseño de servicios públicos: la experiencia del ciudadano como usuario de servicios
Authors: Torres de la Torre Carlos 
Published: April 2021

Este artículo sintetiza una investigación relacionada con el desarrollo por parte del autor de su tesis doctoral en torno al tema del diseño de productos en la economía de servicios. En esta tesis se analiza la operación de diseño de servicios públicos a través del estudio de cuatro casos de diseño de sistemas de gestión integral de desechos sólidos. Estos casos de estudio están ubicados en Ecuador en los últimos 4 años y están relacionados con una política pública de descentralización que obliga a los gobiernos locales a asumir la competencia de este servicio público.
En la parte de la investigación que da lugar a este artículo, específicamente se busca indagar la percepción de la comunidad respecto de la calidad de un servicio público y relacionarlo con la disposición al pago de una tarifa determinada. Se demuestra la existencia de relaciones entre el nivel en que la comunidad participa en la elaboración de la política pública, la percepción de calidad del servicio y la disposición al pago por recibirlo. Se encuentra además una relación entre la percepción de calidad del servicio y la disponibilidad de equipamiento seleccionado técnicamente en contraste con la percepción de calidad cuando el equipamiento se selecciona por intereses políticos. Además, se describe el papel que tienen los medios de comunicación en articular la participación de la sociedad, pero también en la formación de una conciencia colectiva sobre las responsabilidades de la ciudadanía, sus derechos y obligaciones para con la gestión integral de los residuos sólidos y el medioambiente, y la necesidad de adoptar hábitos responsables.