bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of High-intensity Interval Training vs Moderate-intensity Continuous Training on Liver Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sabag Angelo , Barr Loren , Armour Mike , Armstrong Alex , Baker Callum J , Twigg Stephen M , Chang Dennis , Hackett Daniel A , Keating Shelley E , George Jacob , Johnson Nathan A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Context
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver, is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Recent findings have shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can reduce liver fat but it is unclear whether this form of exercise is superior to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of HIIT vs MICT on liver fat in adults. A secondary aim was to investigate the interaction between total weekly exercise volume and exercise-related energy expenditure and change in liver fat.

Methods
Relevant databases were searched up to December 2020 for randomized trials, comparing HIIT to control, MICT to control, or HIIT to MICT. Studies were excluded if they did not implement 2 or more weeks’ intervention or assess liver fat using magnetic resonance-based techniques. Weighted mean differences and 95% CIs were calculated. Regression analyses were undertaken to determine the interaction between weekly exercise volume in minutes and kilocalories (kcal) with change in liver fat content.

Results
Of the 28 268 studies screened, 19 were included involving 745 participants. HIIT and MICT both elicited moderate reductions in liver fat content when compared to control (HIIT: –2.85%, 95% CI, –4.86 to –0.84, P = .005, I2 = 0%, n = 114, low-certainty evidence; MICT: –3.14%, 95% CI, –4.45 to –1.82, P &lt; .001, I2 = 5.2%, n = 533, moderate-certainty evidence). There was no difference between HIIT and MICT (–0.34%, 95% CI, –2.20 to 1.52, P = .721, I2 = 0%, n = 177, moderate-certainty evidence). Neither total exercise volume in minutes (β = .0002, SE = 0.0017, Z = 0.13, P = .89) nor exercise-related energy expenditure in kcal (β = .0003, SE = 0.0002, Z = 1.21, P = .23) were related to changes in liver fat content.

Conclusion
HIIT elicits comparable improvements in liver fat to MICT despite often requiring less energy and time commitment. Further studies should be undertaken to assess the relative importance of aerobic exercise prescription variables, such as intensity, on liver fat.
Validation of the Lusaka Formula: A Novel Formula for Weight Estimation in Children Presenting for Surgery in Zambia
Authors: Phiri Hope , Foy Katie E. , Bowen Lowri , Bould M. Dylan 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
In children, the use of actual weight or predicted weight from various estimation methods is essential to reduce harm associated with dosing errors. This study aimed to validate the new locally derived Lusaka formula on an independent cohort of children undergoing surgery at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, to compare the Lusaka formula’s performance to commonly used weight prediction tools and to assess the nutritional status of this population.

METHODS:
The Lusaka formula (weight = [age in months/2] + 3.5 if under 1 year; weight = 2×[age in years] + 7 if older than 1 year) was derived from a previously published data set. We aimed to validate this formula in a new data set. Weights, heights, and ages of 330 children up to 14 years were measured before surgery. Accuracy was examined by comparing the (1) mean percentage error and (2) the percentage of actual weights that fell between 10% and 20% of the estimated weight for the Lusaka formula, and for other existing tools. World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body mass index (BMI) were used to assess nutritional status.

RESULTS:
The Lusaka formula had similar precision to the Broselow tape: 160 (48.5%) vs 158 (51.6%) children were within 10% of the estimated weight, 241 (73.0%) vs 245 (79.5%) children were within 20% of the estimated weight. The Lusaka formula slightly underestimated weight (mean bias, −0.5 kg) in contrast to all other predictive tools, which overestimated on average. Twenty-two percent of children had moderate or severe chronic malnutrition (stunting) and 4.7% of children had moderate or severe acute malnutrition (wasting).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Lusaka formula is comparable to, or better than, other age-based weight prediction tools in children presenting for surgery at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, and has the advantage that it covers a wider age range than tools with comparable accuracy. In this population, commonly used aged-based prediction tools significantly overestimate weights.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Switch in Borderline Resectable/Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Alva-Ruiz Roberto , Yohanathan Lavanya , Yonkus Jennifer A. , Abdelrahman Amro M. , Gregory Lindsey A. , Halfdanarson Thorvadur R. , Mahipal Amit , McWilliams Robert R. , Ma Wen Wee , Hallemeier Christopher L. , Graham Rondell P. , Grotz Travis E. , Smoot Rory L. , Cleary Sean P. , Nagorney David M. , Kendrick Michael L. , Truty Mark J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an integral part of preoperative treatment for patients with borderline resectable/locally advanced (BR/LA) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The identification of a chemotherapeutic regimen that is both effective and tolerable is critical for NAC to be of oncologic benefit. After initial first-line (FL) NAC, some patients have lack of response or therapeutic toxicities precluding further treatment with the same regimen; optimal decision making regarding this patient population is unclear. Chemotherapy switch (CS) may allow for a larger proportion of patients to undergo curative-intent resection after NAC.

Methods
We reviewed our surgical database for patients undergoing combinatorial NAC for BR/LA PDAC. Variant histologic exocrine carcinomas, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-associated PDAC, and patients without research consent were excluded.

Results
Overall, 468 patients with BR/LA PDAC receiving FL chemotherapy were reviewed, of whom 70% (329/468) continued with FL chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. The remaining 30% (139/468) underwent CS, with 72% (100/139) of CS patients going on to curative-intent surgical resection. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different between the resected FL and CS cohorts (30.0 vs. 19.1 months, p = 0.13, and 41.4 vs. 36.4 months, p = 0.94, respectively) and OS was significantly worse in those undergoing CS without subsequent resection (19 months, p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and pathologic treatment responses were predictors of RFS and OS.

Conclusion
CS in patients undergoing NAC for BR/LA pancreatic cancer does not incur oncologic detriment. The incorporation of CS into NAC treatment sequencing may allow a greater proportion of patients to proceed to curative-intent surgery.
Processes for updating guidelines: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Cardwell Karen , Quigley Joan , Clyne Barbara , Tyner Barrie , Carrigan Marie , Smith Susan , Ryan Máirín , O'Neill Michelle 
Published: November 2021

Background: National Clinical Guidelines are systematically developed statements, based on a thorough evaluation of the evidence, to assist practitioner and service users’ decisions. Clinical guidelines require updating to ensure validly of the recommendations contained within. The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the most recent guideline update processes, including prioritisation methods, used by international or national groups who provide methods guidance for developing and updating clinical guidelines. Methods: A combination of searching a pre-defined list of international and national organisations that provide methods guidance for developing and updating clinical guidelines, together with grey literature searching, will be undertaken to identify relevant handbooks. This will be supplemented by a systematic literature search of Medline (EBSCO), Embase (OVID) and The Cochrane Methodology Register. As guideline development methodology has evolved considerably, the overall search span for this systematic review will be the last 10-years (2011-2021). Publications eligible for inclusion are methodological handbooks that provide updating guidance, including prioritisation methods, for clinical practice guidelines and peer-reviewed articles that describe or have implemented updating guidance, including prioritisation methods. Using Covidence, two reviewers will independently review titles/abstracts and full texts. Where disagreements occur, discussions will be held to reach consensus and where necessary, a third reviewer will be involved. Methodological handbooks will be quality assessed (using the GIN-McMaster Guideline Development Checklist) independently by two reviewers and any disagreements will be resolved by deliberation, or if necessary, a third reviewer. Data will be extracted by one reviewer and checked for inaccuracies/omissions by a second. A narrative synthesis will be undertaken. Conclusions: Updating clinical guidelines is an iterative process that is both resource intensive and time-consuming. The findings of this systematic review will support clinical guideline developers to ensure appropriate investment of resources.
Intra-articular administration of vancomycin and tobramycin during primary cementless total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lawrie Charles Murray , Kazarian Gregory S. , Barrack Toby , Nunley Ryan M. , Barrack Robert L. 
Published: November 2021

Aims Intra-articular administration of antibiotics during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may represent a safe, cost-effective strategy to reduce the risk of acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Vancomycin with an aminoglycoside provides antimicrobial cover for most organisms isolated from acute PJI after TKA. However, the intra-articular doses required to achieve sustained therapeutic intra-articular levels while remaining below toxic serum levels is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the intra-articular and serum levels of vancomycin and tobramycin over the first 24 hours postoperatively after intra-articular administration in primary cementless TKA. Methods A prospective cohort study was performed. Patients were excluded if they had poor renal function, known allergic reaction to vancomycin or tobramycin, received intravenous vancomycin, or were scheduled for same-day discharge. All patients received 600 mg tobramycin and 1 g of vancomycin powder suspended in 25 cc of normal saline and injected into the joint after closure of the arthrotomy. Serum from peripheral venous blood and drain fluid samples were collected at one, four, and 24 hours postoperatively. All concentrations are reported in µg per ml. Results A total of 22 patients were included in final analysis. At one, four, and 24 hours postoperatively, mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) serum concentrations were 2.4 (0.7 to 4.1), 5.0 (3.1 to 6.9), and 4.8 (2.8 to 6.9) for vancomycin and 4.9 (3.4 to 6.3), 7.0 (5.8 to 8.2), and 1.3 (0.8 to 1.8) for tobramycin; intra-articular concentrations were 1,900.6 (1,492.5 to 2,308.8), 717.9 (485.5 to 950.3), and 162.2 (20.5 to 304.0) for vancomycin and 2,105.3 (1,389.9 to 2,820.6), 403.2 (266.6 to 539.7), and 98.8 (0 to 206.5) for tobramycin. Conclusion Intra-articular administration of 1 g of vancomycin and 600 mg of tobramycin as a solution after closure of the arthrotomy in primary cementless TKA achieves therapeutic intra-articular concentrations over the first 24 hours postoperatively and does not reach sustained toxic levels in peripheral blood. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(11):1702–1708.
Leg length discrepancy in patients with Perthes’ disease
Authors: Tolk Jaap J. , Eastwood Deborah M. , Hashemi-Nejad Aresh 
Published: November 2021

Aims Perthes’ disease (PD) often results in femoral head deformity and leg length discrepancy (LLD). Our objective was to analyze femoral morphology in PD patients at skeletal maturity to assess where the LLD originates, and evaluate the effect of contralateral epiphysiodesis for length equalization on proximal and subtrochanteric femoral lengths. Methods All patients treated for PD in our institution between January 2013 and June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with unilateral PD, LLD of ≥ 5 mm, and long-leg standing radiographs at skeletal maturity were included. Total leg length, femoral and tibial length, articulotrochanteric distance (ATD), and subtrochanteric femoral length were compared between PD side and the unaffected side. Furthermore, we compared leg length measurements between patients who did and who did not have a contralateral epiphysiodesis. Results Overall, 79 patients were included, of whom 21 underwent contralateral epiphysiodesis for leg length correction. In the complete cohort, the mean LLD was 1.8 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 2.0), mean ATD difference was 1.8 cm (95% CI -2.1 to -1.9), and mean subtrochanteric difference was -0.2 cm (95% CI -0.4 to 0.1). In the epiphysiodesis group, the mean LLD before epiphysiodesis was 2.7 cm (95% CI 1.3 to 3.4) and 1.3 cm (95% CI -0.5 to 3.8) at skeletal maturity. In the nonepiphysiodesis group the mean LLD was 2.0 cm (95% CI 0.5 to 5.1; p = 0.016). The subtrochanteric region on the PD side was significantly longer at skeletal maturity in the epiphysiodesis group compared to the nonepiphysiodesis group (-1.0 cm (95% CI -2.4 to 0.6) vs 0.1 cm (95% CI -1.0 to 2.1); p < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrates that LLD after PD originates from the proximal segment only. In patients who had contralateral epiphysiodesis to balance leg length, this is achieved by creating a difference in subtrochanteric length. Arthroplasty surgeons need to be aware that shortening of the proximal femur segment in PD patients may be misleading, as the ipsilateral subtrochanteric length in these patients can be longer. Therefore, we strongly advise long-leg standing films for THA planning in PD patients in order to avoid inadvertently lengthening the limb. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(11):1736–1741.
Pengaruh Doping Nikel dan Suhu Sinter pada Pembuatan Kawat Superkonduktor Magnesium Diborida
Authors: Herbirowo Satrio , Hanafi M Nur , Imaduddin Agung , Utomo Edy Priyanto , Hendrik Hendrik , Trenggono Aditya , Yustanti Erlina 
Published: November 2021

<p class="AbstractText">Peningkatan sifat superkonduktor MgB2 melalui penambahan doping telah banyak dilakukan<em>. </em>Meskipun begitu<em>, </em>pembuatan kawat superkonduktor MgB2 belum secara optimal dihasilkan akibat porositas yang terbentuk dari struktur lapis MgB2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek penambahan doping nikel terhadap nilai kristalinitas dan kepadatan serta temperatur optimum dalam sintesis kawat superkonduktor berbasis MgB2. Variabel proses pada sampel yang digunakan yaitu variasi persen berat doping Nikel dan temperatur sintering. Karakterisasi yang digunakan meliputi Xray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Micoscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), dan Cryogenic Magnet. Pembuatannya menggunakan proses metalurgi serbuk dengan metode powder in tube secara in-situ dan manufaktur pengerolan kawat. Pengerolan dilakukan reduksi ukuran diameter 6 mm menjadi 4 mm, serta panjang awalnya 10 cm menjadi ±26 cm. Dari hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa sampel dengan doping nikel menghasilkan fasa primer MgB2 dan fasa sekunder MgNi2.5B2 serta beberapa pengotor (MgO dan Mg) dengan ukuran kristalit lebih meningkat dibandingkan MgB2 tanpa doping. Dari gambar SEM, sampel tampak menunjukkan penurunan jumlah porositasnya. Sampel yang disinter 750°C merupakan temperatur optimal dalam mensintesis superkonduktor MgB2 yang didoping nikel karena memiliki Tc onset tertinggi sebesar 42,53 K dan porositas terendah pada pendopingan nikel sebesar 20 persen berat yaitu sebesar 13,5% porositas.</p>
Broadband-laser-diode pumped periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate-Sagnac polarization-entangled photon source
Authors: Cai Neng , Cai Wu-Hao , Wang Shun , Li Fang , Shimizu Ryosuke , Jin Rui-Bo 
Published: November 2021

We experimentally demonstrate a polarization-entangled photon source at 810 nm using a type-II phase-matched periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal pumped by a low-cost, broadband laser diode with a central wavelength of 405 nm and a typical bandwidth of 0.53 nm. The PPKTP crystal is placed in a Sagnac loop to realize the compact size and high stability. The downconverted biphotons, the signal and the idler, have typical bandwidths of 5.57 and 7.32 nm. We prepare two Bell states

|

Ψ
+

⟩

and

|

Ψ
−

⟩

with the fidelities of

0.948

±

0.004

and

0.963

±

0.002

. In the polarization correlation measurement, the visibilities are all higher than 96.2%, and in the Bell inequality test, the

S

value can achieve

2.78

±

0.01

. This high-quality and low-cost entangled photon source may have many practical applications in quantum information processing.
Planar rainbow refractometry
Authors: Li Can , Lv Qimeng , Li Ning , Wu Yingchun , Wu Xuecheng , Weng Chunsheng , Tropea Cameron 
Published: November 2021

Rainbow refractometry has been used in the past to measure size and refractive index of spherical particles, typically droplets in a spray. In the present study, conventional optical configurations for point measurements or line measurements have been extended to allow also the particle position in a plane to be determined, and hence, the designation planar rainbow refractometry. However, this extension introduces challenges in accurately calibrating the 2D scattering angles with the image coordinates. This challenge has been met using a novel calibration method, employing a monodispersed droplet stream traversed through the measurement plane. Experiments confirm achievable horizontal and vertical position accuracies of 0.42 mm and 0.36 mm, respectively, and a refractive index uncertainty of

2
×

10

−
4

.
150 J DPSSL operating at 1.5 kW level
Authors: Divoký Martin , Pilař Jan , Hanuš Martin , Navrátil Petr , Denk Ondřej , Severová Patricie , Mason Paul , Butcher Thomas , Banerjee Saumyabrata , De Vido Mariastefania , Edwards Chris , Collier John , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomas 
Published: November 2021

We report on obtaining output energy of 146 J in 10 ns long pulses at 10 Hz repetition rate from Bivoj, a multi-Joule multi-slab cryogenic gas-cooled diode pumped solid state laser, by overcoming its damage threshold bottleneck. This is a 40% energy and power increase of the laser system in comparison to our previous publication and to the most powerful multi-Joule high power laser system.
Enabling VCSEL-on-silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits with micro-transfer-printing
Authors: Goyvaerts Jeroen , Grabowski Alexander , Gustavsson Johan , Kumari Sulakshna , Stassen Andim , Baets Roel , Larsson Anders , Roelkens Günther 
Published: November 2021

New wavelength domains have become accessible for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with the development of silicon nitride PICs. In particular, the visible and near-infrared wavelength range is of interest for a range of sensing and communication applications. The integration of energy-efficient III-V lasers, such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), is important for expanding the application portfolio of such PICs. However, most of the demonstrated integration approaches are not easily scalable towards low-cost and large-volume production. In this work, we demonstrate the micro-transfer-printing of bottom-emitting VCSELs on silicon nitride PICs as a path to achieve this. The demonstrated 850 nm lasers show waveguide-coupled powers exceeding 100 µW, with sub-mA lasing thresholds and mW-level power consumption. A single-mode laser with a side-mode suppression ratio over 45 dB and a tuning range of 5 nm is demonstrated. Combining micro-transfer-printing integration with the extended-cavity VCSEL design developed in this work provides the silicon nitride PIC industry with a great tool to integrate energy-efficient VCSELs onto silicon nitride PICs.
A frequentist one-step model for a simple network meta-analysis of time-to-event data in presence of an effect modifier
Authors: Faron Matthieu , Blanchard Pierre , Ribassin-Majed Laureen , Pignon Jean-Pierre , Michiels Stefan , Le Teuff Gwénaël 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Individual patient data (IPD) present particular advantages in network meta-analysis (NMA) because interactions may lead an aggregated data (AD)-based model to wrong a treatment effect (TE) estimation. However, fewer works have been conducted for IPD with time-to-event contrary to binary outcomes. We aimed to develop a general frequentist one-step model for evaluating TE in the presence of interaction in a three-node NMA for time-to-event data.

Methods
One-step, frequentist, IPD-based Cox and Poisson generalized linear mixed models were proposed. We simulated a three-node network with or without a closed loop with (1) no interaction, (2) covariate-treatment interaction, and (3) covariate distribution heterogeneity and covariate-treatment interaction. These models were applied to the NMA (Meta-analyses of Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer [MACH-NC] and Radiotherapy in Carcinomas of Head and Neck [MARCH]), which compared the addition of chemotherapy or modified radiotherapy (mRT) to loco-regional treatment with two direct comparisons. AD-based (contrast and meta-regression) models were used as reference.

Results
In the simulated study, no IPD models failed to converge. IPD-based models performed well in all scenarios and configurations with small bias. There were few variations across different scenarios. In contrast, AD-based models performed well when there were no interactions, but demonstrated some bias when interaction existed and a larger one when the modifier was not distributed evenly. While meta-regression performed better than contrast-based only, it demonstrated a large variability in estimated TE. In the real data example, Cox and Poisson IPD-based models gave similar estimations of the model parameters. Interaction decomposition permitted by IPD explained the ecological bias observed in the meta-regression.

Conclusion
The proposed general one-step frequentist Cox and Poisson models had small bias in the evaluation of a three-node network with interactions. They performed as well or better than AD-based models and should also be undertaken whenever possible.