bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal cardiovascular potential and kinetic energy indices in pre‐eclamptic and small‐for‐gestational‐age pregnancies
Authors: Gutierrez Henares J. , Gutierrez Henares R. , Perry H. , Khalil A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveNon‐invasive assessment of maternal cardiovascular potential and kinetic energy can be used to derive potential‐to‐kinetic‐energy ratio (PKR) and Smith–Madigan inotropic index (SMII), which reflect the balance between blood pressure and blood flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate PKR and SMII in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and/or small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) birth.MethodsThis was a prospective study that enrolled women with a singleton pregnancy between 5 and 41 weeks' gestation. Women who developed HDP and/or SGA underwent cardiovascular profiling from 20 weeks. To establish reference ranges for PKR and SMII, women without any pre‐existing medical problems at the time of booking who did not develop HDP, SGA or other complications during pregnancy were also recruited for cardiovascular profiling. Measurements of cardiovascular parameters were obtained using a non‐imaging ultrasound cardiac output monitor.ResultsA total of 688 women completed the study, including 626 controls, 21 cases with HDP, 19 cases with SGA and 22 cases with HDP and SGA. PKR was significantly elevated in pregnancies with placental dysfunction compared with controls (HDP only, 29.81 ± 9.5; HDP and SGA, 44.33 ± 24.27; SGA only, 31.05 ± 13.14; vs controls, 22.30 ± 7.93; all P < 0.05). SMII values were significantly lower only in cases affected by SGA alone when compared with controls (1.47 ± 0.23 W/m2 vs 1.75 ± 0.40 W/m2; P < 0.005). These differences remained statistically significant when the analysis was undertaken using multiples of the median values corrected for gestational age.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that point‐of‐care non‐invasive cardiovascular profiling using PKR and SMII may help distinguish between pregnancies affected by specific placental disorders and those exhibiting healthy cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy. Women with HDP and/or SGA appear to have distinctive PKR and SMII profiles that reflect low kinetic energy in pregnancies with SGA and high potential energy in pregnancies affected by HDP. Finally, non‐invasive assessment of potential and kinetic cardiovascular energy demonstrates physiological high‐flow and low‐resistance adaptation in uncomplicated pregnancies. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Comparison of the performance of decision tree (DT) algorithms and extreme learning machine (ELM) model in the prediction of water quality of the Upper Green River watershed
Authors: Anmala Jagadeesh , Turuganti Venkateswarlu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStream waters play a crucial role in catering to the world's needs with the required quality of water. Due to the discharges of wastewater from the various point and nonpoint sources, most of the watersheds are contaminated easily. The Upper Green River watershed in Kentucky, USA, is one such watershed that is contaminated over the years due to the runoff from rural areas and agricultural lands and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) from urban areas. Monitoring and characterizing the water quality status of streams in such watersheds has become of great importance, with multivariate statistical techniques such as regression, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and artificial intelligence methods such as artificial neural networks (ANNs). The water quality parameters, namely, fecal coliform (FC), turbidity, pH, and conductivity have been predicted quantitatively using ANNs to understand the water quality status of streams in the Upper Green River watershed elsewhere. In this study, a novel attempt has been made to predict the status of the quality of the Green River water with the predictive capabilities of a few decision tree (DT) algorithms such as classification and regression tree (CART) model, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model, random forest (RF) model, and extreme learning machine (ELM) model. The RF model's performance is better in predicting FC, turbidity, and pH than CART models in training and testing phases. Relatively, MARS and ELM models did better in testing though the performance is poorer in training. For example, we obtain the RMSE values of 2206, 2532, 1533, and 1969 using RF, CART, MARS, and ELM for FC in testing. A good correlation has been observed between conductivity and temperature, precipitation, and land‐use factors for the MARS model. Overall, DT models are helpful in understanding, interpreting the outcomes, and visualizing the results compared with the other models.Practitioner points

The prediction of stream water quality parameters using decision trees is explored.
The climate and land use parameters are used as input parameters to the modeling.
The DT models of CART, MARS, RF, and ANNs such as ELM are explored to predict stream water quality.
The RF model shows stable results compared with CART, MARS, and ELM for the data explored.
Apart from the R2 value, RMSE and MAE indicate the effectiveness of DTs in prediction.
Orexin, serotonin, and energy balance
Authors: Mavanji Vijayakumar , Pomonis Brianna , Kotz Catherine M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe lateral hypothalamus is critical for the control of ingestive behavior and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), as lesion or stimulation of this region alters these behaviors. Evidence points to lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons as modulators of feeding and SPA. These neurons affect a broad range of systems, and project to multiple brain regions such as the dorsal raphe nucleus, which contains serotoninergic neurons (DRN) important to energy homeostasis. Physical activity is comprised of intentional exercise and SPA. These are opposite ends of a continuum of physical activity intensity and structure. Non‐goal‐oriented behaviors, such as fidgeting, standing, and ambulating, constitute SPA in humans, and reflect a propensity for activity separate from intentional activity, such as high‐intensity voluntary exercise. In animals, SPA is activity not influenced by rewards such as food or a running wheel. Spontaneous physical activity in humans and animals burns calories and could theoretically be manipulated pharmacologically to expend calories and protect against obesity. The DRN neurons receive orexin inputs, and project heavily onto cortical and subcortical areas involved in movement, feeding and energy expenditure (EE). This review discusses the function of hypothalamic orexin in energy‐homeostasis, the interaction with DRN serotonin neurons, and the role of this orexin‐serotonin axis in regulating food intake, SPA, and EE. In addition, we discuss possible brain areas involved in orexin–serotonin cross‐talk; the role of serotonin receptors, transporters and uptake‐inhibitors in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity; animal models of obesity with impaired serotonin‐function; single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin system and obesity; and future directions in the orexin–serotonin field.This article is categorized under:
Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Polifactory. Transforming Playful Movement into Sound: Co-create a Smart System for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Sedini Carla , Cipriani Laura , Gelsomini Mirko , Maffei Stefano , Bianchini Massimo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the potential of co-creation and user innovation, investigating the physical-motor needs of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy with specific attention to the translation of movement in sound stimuli. It describes the co-design and development of BODYSOUND, a smart system that exploits a playful activity to encourage movements and transform them into sound.
Truth Tables Without Truth Values: On 4.27 and 4.42 of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus
Authors: Rohr Tabea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 4.27 and 4.42 of his Tractatus Wittgenstein introduces quite complicated formulas, which are equivalent to $$2^n$$

2
n

and $$2^{2^{n}}$$

2

2
n

. This paper shows, however, that the formulas Wittgenstein presents fit particularly well with the way he thinks about truth values, logical connectives, tautologies, and contradictions. Furthermore, it will be shown how Wittgenstein could have avoided truth values even more radically. In this way it is demonstrated that the reference to truth values can indeed be substituted by talking of existing and non-existing facts.
‚Konstruktion‘ von Wissen in der Automobilindustrie
Authors: Säugling Carolin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungKapitel 6 fasst weitere und zugleich abschließende Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung zusammen. Dies geschieht in zwei deutenden Schritten, wobei beide mit einem Zwischenfazit enden. Im Vergleich zu dem vorhergehenden Kapitel überwiegt hier der Anteil an interpretativen Resultaten gegenüber deskriptiven Ergebnissen. Zu Beginn enthält das Kapitel einen Exkurs in das Praktikerwissen und den Inkrementalismus als zusätzliche im Zusammenhang mit den Ergebnissen dieser Forschungsarbeit relevante theoretische Konzeptionen. Es folgen zwei weitere Schritte, die jeweils in mehreren Etappen die beiden Typen der Wissensverwendung, die anhand des erhobenen Datenmaterials herausgearbeitet werden konnten, sowie die anhand des Untersuchungsmaterials rekonstruierte Bedeutung von Wissen und die spezifische Art der Wissensgenese vorstellen.
Schlussbetrachtung und Ausblick
Authors: Säugling Carolin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungKapitel 7 fasst den Verlauf sowie auch den Befund der Studie zusammen und bezieht Letzteren auf den sie durchweg umgebenden wesentlichen Theorierahmen des Sozialkonstruktivismus. Ein Ausblick auf potentielle Fragestellungen, denen im Anschluss an die in dieser Arbeit beschriebene Untersuchung nachgegangen werden könnte, rundet die Darstellung ab.
Die Entstehung von Johann Michael Moscheroschs Insomnis Cura Parentum (1643)
Authors: Derer Sofia 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungThe paper explores the multi-stage process of translation that enabled German writer Johann Michael Moscherosch to refer to the perusal of Elizabeth Jocelyn’s conduct book The Mothers Legacy to her Vnborn Childe as one of the main factors in his decision to write his own devotional book, Insomnis Cura Parentum (1643). It is argued that Moscherosch himself did not translate The Mothers Legacy from the French, but rather read it in an already existing German translation based on a French version. In addition to tracing back the ways in which The Mothers Legacy, as a result of small changes in both translations, became more compatible with the Strasbourg-specific rendition of Lutheranism that largely shaped Moscherosch’s religious views and therefore his parenting, the paper aims to show how aspects of religious confession, regional politics, and the book trade were crucial in the reception of seventeeth-century devotional writing.
Übersetzungen in Enzyklopädien
Authors: Lüsebrink Hans-Jürgen 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungThis paper addresses the questions posed in the SPP project “Translational Dimensions of French Encyclopaedism in the Age of Enlightenment, 1680–1800” (directors: Susanne Greilich/Regensburg, Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink/Saarbrücken). The paper distinguishes two fundamental research perspectives in the analysis of encyclopaedic works in a translation context: first, the translation of encyclopaedic works into other languages, which often involved intercultural adaptation; and second, the use and function of translations, together with reflections on and criticism thereof, in encyclopaedic works. This second line of investigation will be pursued with reference to the articles on “Translation” in the Encyclopédie (1751–1772) and its Supplement (1777–1778) by Diderot and D'Alembert and the Encyclopédie Méthodique (1782–1832) as well as to the volumes of the Encyclopédie Méthodique on Philosophie moderne, edited and partly written by J.-A. Naigeon, especially the article on Hume.
Datasets for Combat Aircraft
Authors: Saitova Alsu , Beeres Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs part of an empirical investigation into factors contributing to the world-wide demand and supply of fixed-wing combat aircraft, the authors have conducted a search for data sources providing insight in the characteristics, types and qualities of aircraft designed for combat purposes, the total volume on the market (entries, movements and exits), as well as the financial equivalents of each in a specific period of time. This chapter discusses both the various pathways embarked on to this end, as well as the research results.
Superspace first order formalism, trivial symmetries and electromagnetic interactions of linearized supergravity
Authors: Buchbinder I. L. , Gates S. James , Koutrolikos K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We introduce a first order description of linearized non-minimal (n = −1) supergravity in superspace, using the unconstrained prepotential superfield instead of the conventionally constrained super one forms. In this description, after integrating out the connection-like auxiliary superfield of first-order formalism, the superspace action is expressed in terms of a single superfield which combines the prepotential and compensator superfields. We use this description to construct the supersymmetric cubic interaction vertex 3/2 − 3/2 − 1/2 which describes the electromagnetic interaction between two non-minimal supergravity multiplets (superspin Y = 3/2 which contains a spin 2 and a spin 3/2 particles) and a vector multiplet (superspin Y = 1/2 contains a spin 1 and a spin 1/2 particles). Exploring the trivial symmetries emerging between the two Y = 3/2 supermultiplets, we show that this cubic vertex must depend on the vector multiplet superfield strength. This result generalize previous results for non-supersymmetric electromagnetic interactions of spin 2 particles. The constructed cubic interaction generates non-trivial deformations of the gauge transformations.
The use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in radiocarpal fractures: a diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis
Authors: Fitzpatrick Emma , Sharma Vivek , Rojoa Djamila , Raheman Firas , Singh Harvinder 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
Occult radiocarpal fractures often present a diagnostic challenge to the emergency department. Accurate diagnosis of these injuries is crucial as a missed fracture can lead to significant morbidity. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) scan is a novel imaging modality, with minimal radiation exposure and comparatively fast acquisition time. Our aim was to evaluate its use in the diagnosis of cortical fractures in the upper limb extremity.

Materials and methods
We conducted a systematic review of literature and included all studies that evaluated the use of CBCT in the diagnosis of radiocarpal fractures. We used a mixed-effects logistic regression bivariate model to estimate the summary sensitivity and specificity and constructed hierarchical summary receiver operative characteristic curves (HSROC).

Results
We identified 5 studies, with 439 patients, and observed CBCT to be 87.7% (95% CI 77.6–93.6) sensitive and 99.2% (95% CI 92.6–99.9) specific for scaphoid fractures. For carpal fractures, CBCT was observed to have a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 90.6% (95% CI 72.7–97.2) and 100% (95% CI 99–100) respectively. For distal radius fractures, CBCT sensitivity was 90% (95% CI 67–98) and specificity was 100% (95% CI 10–100). The overall inter-rater agreement effect was shown to be 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.96), which is deemed to be almost perfect.

Conclusion
CBCT is an accurate diagnostic tool for occult radiocarpal cortical fractures, which could replace or supplement radiographs. We believe CBCT has a promising role in the acute radiocarpal fracture diagnostic algorithm in both emergency and trauma departments.
Die Aktivitäten des Resources Innovation Center im Spannungsfeld Brain Drain – Brain Circulation
Authors: Meyer Anna , Murphy Mariaelena 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Resources Innovation Center Leoben an der Montanuniversität Leoben veranstaltet seit 2014 eine Konferenzserie mit dem Titel East and South East Europe Dialogue Conferences. Ende 2020 wurde die online Version der Konferenz genutzt um verschiedene Stakeholder des Rohstoffsektors, sowie auch Experten zum Thema Brain Drain zu Wort kommen zu lassen. Der Artikel umreißt das Spannungsfeld von Brain Drain und Brain Circulation und zeigt Möglichkeiten und zukünftige Schritte auf mit welchen man Kooperationen mit Ost- und Südosteuropa anstoßen und so zur Brain Circulation, dem multidirektionalen Fluss von Arbeitskräften und Wissen, beitragen kann.
EURECA-PRO: The European University on Responsible Consumption and Production
Authors: Pichler Lisa , Egger Jasmin , Feiel Susanne , Kircher Volkmar , Kosciuszko Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe European Commission (EC) called for proposals to form European University Alliances (EUA) in 2019 and 2020 to promote Europe’s universities competitiveness in the world and strengthen the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and European Research Area (ERA). With the objective to create a global educational core hub on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 “responsible consumption and production”, a consortium of seven universities, led by Montanuniversität Leoben, received a three-year funding in 2020 for the development of a European University on REsponsible Consumption And PROduction (EURECA-PRO).
A numerical study of the additive Schwarz preconditioned exact Newton method (ASPEN) as a nonlinear preconditioner for immiscible and compositional porous media flow
Authors: Klemetsdal Øystein , Moncorgé Arthur , Møyner Olav , Lie Knut-Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDomain decomposition methods are widely used as preconditioners for Krylov subspace linear solvers. In the simulation of porous media flow there has recently been a growing interest in nonlinear preconditioning methods for Newton’s method. In this work, we perform a numerical study of a spatial additive Schwarz preconditioned exact Newton (ASPEN) method as a nonlinear preconditioner for Newton’s method applied to both fully implicit or sequential implicit schemes for simulating immiscible and compositional multiphase flow. We first review the ASPEN method and discuss how the resulting linearized global equations can be recast so that one can use standard preconditioners developed for the underlying model equations. We observe that the local fully implicit or sequential implicit updates efficiently handle the local nonlinearities, whereas long-range interactions are resolved by the global ASPEN update. The combination of the two updates leads to a very competitive algorithm. We illustrate the behavior of the algorithm for conceptual one and two-dimensional cases, as well as realistic three dimensional models. A complexity analysis demonstrates that Newton’s method with a fully implicit scheme preconditioned by ASPEN is a very robust and scalable alternative to the well-established Newton’s method for fully implicit schemes.
School students’ confidence when answering diagnostic questions online
Authors: Foster Colin , Woodhead Simon , Barton Craig , Clark-Wilson Alison 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse a large, opportunistic dataset of responses (N = 219,826) to online, diagnostic multiple-choice mathematics questions, provided by 6–16-year-old UK school mathematics students (N = 7302). For each response, students were invited to indicate on a 5-point Likert-type scale how confident they were that their response was correct. Using demographic data available from the online platform, we examine the relationships between confidence and facility (the proportion of questions correct), as well as gender, age and socioeconomic disadvantage. We found a positive correlation between student confidence and mean facility, higher confidence for boys than for girls and lower confidence for students classified as socioeconomically disadvantaged, even after accounting for facility. We found that confidence was lower for older students, and this was particularly marked across the primary to secondary school transition. An important feature of the online platform used is that, when students answer a question incorrectly, they are presented with an analogous question about 3 weeks later. We exploited this feature to obtain the first evidence in an authentic school mathematics context for the hypercorrection effect (Butterfield & Metcalfe J EXP PSYCHOL 27:1491–1494, 2001), which is the observation that errors made with higher confidence are more likely to be corrected. These findings have implications for classroom practices that have the potential to support more effective and efficient learning of mathematics.
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Tempered and Incubated Grain Mediate Attraction by a Primary but Not Secondary Stored Product Insect Pest in Wheat
Authors: Van Winkle Taylor , Ponce Marco , Quellhorst Hannah , Bruce Alexander , Albin Chloe E. , Kim Tania N. , Zhu Kun Yan , Morrison William R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere has been a dearth of research elucidating the behavioral effect of microbially-produced volatile organic compounds on insects in postharvest agriculture. Demonstrating attraction to MVOC’s by stored product insects would provide an additional source of unique behaviorally-relevant stimuli to protect postharvest commodities at food facilities. Here, we assessed the behavioral response of a primary (Rhyzopertha dominica) and secondary (Tribolium castaneum) grain pest to bouquets of volatiles produced by whole wheat that were untempered, or tempered to 12%, 15%, or 19% grain moisture and incubated for 9, 18, or 27 days. We hypothesized that MVOC’s may be more important for the secondary feeder because they signal that otherwise unusable, intact grains have become susceptible by weakening of the bran. However, contrary to our expectations, we found that the primary feeder, R. dominica, but not T. castaneum was attracted to MVOC’s in a wind tunnel experiment, and in a release-recapture assay using commercial traps baited with grain treatments. Increasing grain moisture resulted in elevated grain damage detected by near-infrared spectroscopy and resulted in small but significant differences in the blend of volatiles emitted by treatments detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In sequencing the microbial community on the grain, we found a diversity of fungi, suggesting that an assemblage was responsible for emissions. We conclude that R. dominica is attracted to a broader suite of MVOC’s than T. castaneum, and that our work highlights the importance of understanding insect-microbe interactions in the postharvest agricultural supply chain.