bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of process industry production and inventory management systems
Authors: Dennis Daina R , Meredith Jack R 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe process industries — those firms that add value by mixing, separating, forming and/or chemical reactions by either batch or continuous mode — continue to lag behind the discrete industries in the identification and implementation of effective production and inventory management (P&IM) techniques. A contributing factor is that the process industries have traditionally been lumped together and contrasted from the discrete industries as a whole, thus leading to misunderstandings regarding individual process industries. From site interviews and the literature, we identified four critical dimensions — planning resource requirements (for materials and capacity), tracking resource consumption, control of work‐in‐process (WIP), and degree of computerization — represented by seven variables by which to contrast and analyze process industries. Based on in‐depth field studies of 19 diverse process plants, we find that there exist at least four distinct types of process industry P&IM systems: (1) simple, (2) common, (3) WIP‐controlled, and (4) computerized.
The evaluation of a rat model for the analysis of densitometric and biomechanical properties of tumor‐induced osteolysis
Authors: Kurth Andreas H. A. , Wang Conrad , Hayes Wilson C. , Shea Marie 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPathologic fractures from a reduction in bone mass and strength are a debilitating complication affecting the quality of life of individuals with metastatic lesions. There are a number of existing animal models for studying the effects of bone metastases experimentally, but these models are unsuitable for measuring structural changes in metastatic bone. Our goal was to present an in vivo model for directly investigating the densitometric and structural consequences of tumor‐induced osteolysis in long bones. One femur from female Sprague Dawley rats was implanted with Walker Carcinosarcoma 256 malignant breast cancer cells or with a Sham implant. After 28 days, the animals were killed, and both femora of each animal evaluated using histomorphometry, densitometry, and mechanical testing. Compared to Sham‐operated controls, we found an 11% decrease in bone mineral content, a 9% decrease in bone mineral density using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and a 16% decrease in bone density using peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the group with tumor cell implants. In addition, failure torque was decreased by 35% compared to the contralateral controls and by 41% compared to the Sham‐operated controls. Torsional stiffness in the tumor cell‐implanted femora was decreased by 35% compared to contralateral controls and by 39% compared to Sham‐operated controls. Bone density was only weakly to moderately associated with bone strength in our model. By creating reproducible localized tumor‐induced osteolytic lesions in a long bone, this model provides the most direct evaluation of the structural consequences of bone metastases. In the future, this model may provide a method for determining the effects of new therapeutic approaches on the preservation of bone mass and bone strength in the presence of metastatic bone disease. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fetuin in neurons of the retina and cerebellum duringfetal and postnatal development of the rat
Authors: Kitchener P.D. , Dziegielewska K.M. , Hutton E.J. , Hinrichsen C.F.L. , Saunders N.R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAlthough long known to be a liver‐derived fetal plasma glycoprotein, fetuin has morerecently been shown to be present in sub‐populations of neurons in the developing nervous systemof a number of mammalian species. We have extended these observations to examine the fetuinimmunoreactivity (IR) in developing rat retina and cerebellum. Fetuin–IR was first seen in theretina on embryonic day (E)19 in a sub‐population of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer and asmall proportion of cells in the neuroblastic layer. The proportion of cells in the ganglion layerexhibiting fetuin‐IR increased until postnatal day (P)10 when all cells in this layer were stronglyimmunoreactive. From P14 onwards fetuin–IR was absent or very weak and restricted to a smallproportion of ganglion cells. In the developing cerebellum, the outer and inner granule cell layers,the deep nuclei and cells in the sub‐cortical white matter exhibited fetuin–IR from E19 to P10.There was little fetuin–IR in the cerebellum at ages P14 and older, and Purkinje cells did notexhibit fetuin–IR at any time. The results show that fetuin appears in many neurons in the retinaand cerebellum that are differentiating during the period from E19 to P10. The concentration offetuin in cerebrospinal fluid is at its highest in this same period which suggests that somesub‐populations of neurons could obtain fetuin from extracellular fluid during this period ;however, the lack of fetuin–IR in other neuronal populations suggests that fetuin uptake is not ageneral property of developing neurons.
Effect of diabetes control status on the progression of Parkinson’s disease: A prospective study
Authors: Ou Ruwei , Wei Qianqian , Hou Yanbing , Zhang Lingyu , Liu Kuncheng , Lin Junyu , Jiang Zheng , Song Wei , Cao Bei , Shang Huifang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the control status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) influences the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study from March 2009 to August 2020. Patients at baseline were categorized into DM and non‐DM groups, and those with DM were further classified into the well and poorly controlled DM groups based on the 7.0% of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the predictors for PD‐related outcomes by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOf the 379 patients enrolled, 49 (12.9%) had DM, and 22 of DM (44.9%) were poorly controlled. The adjusted HRs were 2.060 (95% CI 1.165‐3.641) for United Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score increased ≥14 in the poorly controlled‐DM group, and 1.066 (95% CI 0.572‐1.986) in the well‐controlled DM group, relative to the non‐DM group (p trend = 0.025), after adjusting for sex, age, age of onset, body mass index, and UPDRS III and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores at baseline. The adjusted HRs were 2.079 (95% CI 1.212‐3.566) for reaching Hoehn & Yahr stage ≥3 in the poorly controlled DM group, and 0.879 (95% CI 0.413‐1.871) in the well‐controlled DM group, compared with the non‐DM group (p trend = 0.021). Time to death or time to MoCA 3‐point decrease were not significantly different among the three groups.InterpretationPoorly controlled DM is an independent risk factor contributing to motor progression in PD. Our study highlights the importance of adequate control of diabetes in PD.
Suboptimal control for nonlinear slow‐fast coupled systems using reinforcement learning and Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy methods
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Yang Chunyu , Luo Biao , Dai Wei 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIn this article, by using singular perturbation theory, reinforcement learning (RL), and Takagi–Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy methods, a RL‐fuzzy‐based composite suboptimal control method is proposed for nonlinear slow‐fast coupled systems (SFCSs) with unknown slow dynamics. First, the SFCSs is decomposed into slow and fast subsystems and the original optimal control problem is reduced to two subproblems. Then, for the slow subsystem, a nonlinear coordinate transformation is introduced to transform the nonquadratic slow utility function into the quadratic form. Unmeasurable virtual slow subsystem state is reconstructed by the state measurements of original system and slow controller design algorithm is proposed in the framework of RL by utilizing the actor‐critic neural networks to approximate the controller and cost function. For the fast subsystem, T‐S fuzzy model is established and state measurements of the original system are exploited to reconstruct the unmeasurable fast subsystem state. Fast controller is designed with the approach of parallel distributed compensation. The obtained slow and fast controllers form the composite suboptimal controller for the original SFCSs. Considering the state reconstruction error, convergence of the slow controller design algorithm, suboptimality of the composite controller, and stability of the closed‐loop SFCSs are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of our proposed method is illustrated by examples.
Effective Intratumoral Retention of [103Pd]AuPd Alloy Nanoparticles Embedded in Gel‐Forming Liquids Paves the Way for New Nanobrachytherapy
Authors: Fach Matthias , Fliedner Frederikke P. , Kempen Paul J. , Melander Fredrik , Hansen Anders E. , Bruun Linda M. , Köster Ulli , Sporer Emanuel , Kjær Andreas , Andresen Thomas L. , Jensen Andreas I. , Henriksen Jonas R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLocal application of radioactive sources as brachytherapy is well established in oncology. This treatment is highly invasive however, due to the insertion of millimeter sized metal seeds. The authors report the development of a new concept for brachytherapy, based on gold‐palladium (AuPd) alloy nanoparticles, intrinsically radiolabeled with 103Pd. These are formulated in a carbohydrate‐ester based liquid, capable of forming biodegradable gel‐like implants upon injection. This allows for less invasive administration through small‐gauge needles. [103Pd]AuPd nanoparticles with sizes around 20 nm are prepared with radiolabeling efficiencies ranging from 79% to >99%. Coating with the hydrophobic polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) leads to nanoparticle diameters below 40 nm. Dispersing the nanoparticles in ethanol with water insoluble carbohydrate esters gives “nanogels”, a low viscosity liquid capable of solidifying upon injection into aqueous environments. Both nanoparticles and radioactivity are stably retained in the nanogel over 25 days (>99%) after formation in aqueous buffers. Animals bearing CT26 murine tumors are injected intratumorally with 25 MBq of the 103Pd‐nanogel, and display tumor growth delay and significantly increase median survival times compared with control groups. Excellent retention in the tumor of both the 103Pd and the nanoparticle matrix itself is observed, demonstrating a potential for replacing currently used brachytherapy seeds.
Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies to Evaluate and Counteract Cancer Metastasis and Neoangiogenesis
Authors: Şen Özlem , Emanet Melis , Ciofani Gianni 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer‐related morbidity and mortality. It represents one of the greatest challenges in cancer therapy, both because of the ability of metastatic cells to spread into different organs, and because of the consequent heterogeneity that characterizes primary and metastatic tumors. Nanomaterials can potentially be used as targeting or detection agents owing to unique chemical and physical features that allow tailored and tunable theranostic functions. This review highlights nanomaterial‐based approaches in the detection and treatment of cancer metastasis, with a special focus on the evaluation of nanostructure effects on cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.
AC Magnetron Sputtering: An Industrial Approach for High‐Voltage and High‐Performance Thin‐Film Cathodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Rikarte Jokin , Madinabeitia Iñaki , Baraldi Giorgio , Fernández‐Carretero Francisco José , Bellido‐González Víctor , García‐Luis Alberto , Muñoz‐Márquez Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndustrial‐oriented mid‐frequency alternating current (MF‐AC) magnetron sputtering technique is used to fabricate LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 high‐voltage thin‐film cathodes. Films are deposited on bare stainless‐steel substrate at room temperature and then annealed to induce crystallization in disordered spinel phase. In situ X‐ray diffraction is used to follow film structural evolution from room temperature to 900 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are used to study the evolution with temperature of film morphology, surface chemical composition, and crystal structure arrangement, respectively. Film structure evolves almost continuously in the studied temperature range. A pattern corresponding to spinel phase is observed after annealing at 600 °C, while poor crystallization is obtained for lower temperatures, and additional unwanted phase changes are observed for higher temperatures. Cyclic voltammetry, rate capability, and cycling performance of fabricated films are tested. Only the film annealed at 600 °C shows redox peaks corresponding to Ni oxidation from 2+ to 3+ and 3+ to 4+ oxidation states, confirming that this film crystallizes in disordered spinel phase. The thin‐film cathode shows good rate performance and outstanding cyclability, despite the impurities formed upon electrolyte decomposition at high voltage.
Gold Nanohelices for Chiral Plasmonic Films by Templated Electroless Plating
Authors: Chiu Po‐Ting , Yang Chih‐Ying , Xie Zhi‐Hong , Chang Ming‐Yao , Hung Yu‐Chueh , Ho Rong‐Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChiral plasmonic films with gold nanohelices in polymer matrix are fabricated by templated electroless plating using self‐assembled enantiomeric polylactide‐based block copolymers (BCPs) as templates. By taking advantage of the helicity control of forming helical phase from the self‐assembly of chiral BCPs, mirror‐image signals from Cotton effect in electronic circular dichroism spectra can be clearly identified. The polymeric films with gold nanohelices show chiral plasmonic properties, as further evidenced by simulation from finite‐difference time‐domain method. This study may shed the light on fabrication of chiral plasmonic materials with adaptability in the applications for optical devices.
Impact of changes in the frequency of food pantry utilization on client food security and well‐being
Authors: Leonard Tammy , Andrews David , Pruitt Sandi L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFood pantries have traditionally focused on meeting emergency food needs. However, for many clients, food assistance is a long‐term need. The frequency with which long‐term clients visit food pantries varies; and in general, visiting frequency has been understudied because the focus has largely been on emergency, rather than long‐term, food assistance impacts. We leveraged a program innovation to identify the impact of visiting frequency on client outcomes. Using fixed‐effect models, we analyzed a panel of 1663 long‐term food pantry users observed monthly from 2017 to 2019. Within‐client increases in visiting frequency were associated with within‐in client improvements in food security and health.
Novel Aza‐Michael Addition‐Asymmetric Protonation to α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Chiral Thiourea‐Boronic Acid Hybrid Catalysts
Authors: Murakami Hiroki , Yamada Ayano , Michigami Kenichi , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNovel aza‐michael addition‐asymmetric protonation to unsaturated carboxylic acids with chiral thiourea‐boronic acid hybrid catalysts. #asymmetric protonationIn this study, an efficient method has been developed for controlling carbonyl α‐chirality with functionalizing β‐position by the conjugate addition‐asymmetric protonation (CAAP) of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids using chiral thiourea‐amino boronic acid hybrid catalysts. In addition, the method is applied to the asymmetric synthesis of biologically active compounds.
A biographical account of John Paul Richard Thomas, the man who leaves no stone unturned
Authors: Rodríguez‐Robles Javier A. , Leal Manuel , Daza Juan D. , Herrera‐Martínez Alexandra , Ospina Oscar E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis biographical account summarizes the professional career and scientific contributions of John Paul Richard Thomas, a contemporary leading figure in the systematics of West Indian amphibians and non‐avian reptiles, especially of blind snakes of the families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Since his first expedition to the West Indies in 1957, Richard's vast field experience (including three trips to Peru between 1968 and 1974), impressive collecting skills, and remarkable ability to detect phenotypic variation among natural populations have resulted in the description of more than 70 species of snakes (24 typhlopids, 4 leptotyphlopids), lizards, and frogs in 16 genera and 11 taxonomic families. Richard joined the faculty of the Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, in 1976 and ever since his efforts significantly advanced organismal biology research at the institution. Although primarily a systematist, his desire to understand multiple aspects of an organism's biology and contagious passion for becoming intimately familiar with animals in their natural environments provided his students the opportunity to conduct research in fields such as behavioral and evolutionary ecology. Richard's mentoring fostered the scientific interests of his graduate students, who were exposed first‐hand to every aspect of research, an invaluable experience that served as a springboard for the development of their professional careers inside and outside academia. This Commentary is a fitting tribute to an influential, unassuming scientist whose passion for turning over rocks has led to the discovery of many interesting species.
Age differences in broader autism phenotype traits from young adulthood to older adulthood
Authors: Chopik William J. , Oh Jeewon , Nuttall Amy K. , Thakkar Katharine N. , Ingersoll Brooke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMuch of past research has been dedicated to refining the operationalization and correlates of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) and less on how the BAP differs by socio‐demographic characteristics, like age—particularly after midlife. This gap is important because other nonclinical trait‐like characteristics (e.g., personality) have shown considerable age differences, leading to work assessing the malleability of psychological characteristics and improving outcomes for individuals and their significant others. In the current study, we examined cross‐sectional age differences in the BAP in a large sample of adults ranging in age from 18 to 85. We recruited a sample of 2966 adults ranging in age from 18 to 85 (Mage= 36.53,SD= 12.61; 58.9% Female; 1.1% with an ASD diagnosis) recruited from an online survey service. We found that total BAP scores were higher in younger adults and lower among older adults. These differences were particularly true for pragmatic language difficulties, with this component of the BAP showing the most dramatic age differences. Aloofness showed similar negative associations with age, albeit much smaller. Rigidity was not significantly associated with age. The results are consistent with other research showing an abatement of symptoms among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) across early life and theories predicting changes in other psychological characteristics (e.g., personality). The results are discussed in the context of the malleability of ASD and BAP traits across life, the clinical implications of these changes, and the origins and consequences for lifespan differences in BAP.Lay SummaryLittle is known about how subclinical autistic‐like traits among middle‐aged and older adults compare to younger adults. We found that these subclinical traits were highest in young adults and lowest in older adults. Knowing how these traits differ by age can provide researchers and clinicians with a sense of how much these traits might change across life, if the traits might be sensitive to interventions, and when in development it might be best to intervene.
Interoception and the origin of feelings: A new synthesis
Authors: Carvalho Gil B. , Damasio Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFeelings are conscious mental events that represent body states as they undergo homeostatic regulation. Feelings depend on the interoceptive nervous system (INS), a collection of peripheral and central pathways, nuclei and cortical regions which continuously sense chemical and anatomical changes in the organism. How such humoral and neural signals come to generate conscious mental states has been a major scientific question. The answer proposed here invokes (1) several distinctive and poorly known physiological features of the INS; and (2) a unique interaction between the body (the ‘object’ of interoception) and the central nervous system (which generates the 'subject' of interoception). The atypical traits of the INS and the direct interactions between neural and non‐neural physiological compartments of the organism, neither of which is present in exteroceptive systems, plausibly explain the qualitative and subjective aspects of feelings, thus accounting for their conscious nature.
Screening and identification of a novel FHL2 mutation by whole exome sequencing in twins with familial Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Wan Yike , Cheng Yuexin , Liu Yabin , Shen Lijing , Hou Jian 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundWaldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare chronic B‐cell lymphoma. Familial clustering of WM has been observed over the years. However, little is known about the contribution of inherited genetic variants to familial WM cases.MethodsThe authors performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of germline DNA samples from twins, one diagnosed with WM and the other diagnosed with immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and their healthy siblings. Bioinformatics analysis of public biological databases was used to identify the most relevant familial WM candidate from WES. Transcript expression and protein levels of the familial WM candidate were evaluated in the WM patient and 2 unaffected members of the kindred.ResultsAmong the 10 shared candidate mutations in the twins, the authors identified a novel heterozygous germline mutation in four and a half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2; c.G226A, p.V76M) as a familial WM–associated mutation. FHL2 appeared to be connected with reported signaling pathways and disease‐driving genes such as IL6 and HCK in WM. In addition, the authors found reduced FHL2 messenger RNA and protein expression in peripheral blood samples from the patient with WM in comparison with the healthy siblings.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings indicate that an FHL2g226a mutation may play an important role in familial WM, and they provide new screening possibilities for familial cases.Lay Summary

Familial clustering in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) has been observed over the years.

The authors performed whole exome sequencing of germline DNA samples from twins, one diagnosed with WM and the other diagnosed with immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and their healthy siblings.

Among the 10 shared candidate mutations in the twins, a novel heterozygous germline mutation in four and a half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2; c.G226A, p.V76M) was identified as the most relevant familial WM candidate through bioinformatics analysis of a public database.

Also, messenger RNA and protein expression of FHL2 was significantly lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the WM patient in comparison with the healthy siblings, and this suggested that the function of FHL2 was impaired when mutated.