bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Post-Traumatic Van Nes Rotationplasty After an Open Femur Fracture With a Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection
Authors: Tye Erik Y. , Taylor Adam J. , Combs Kristen , Kay Robert D. , Bryman Jason A. , Hoshino C. Max 
Published: November 2021

Case:
A 26-year-old man presented after an automobile versus pedestrian accident with a Type IIIA open femur fracture complicated by a necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) with significant bone loss. Multiple limb-preserving operations failed, including the placement of a plate-assisted, motorized lengthening intramedullary nail with a chimeric free flap. We describe the patient’s successful definitive treatment with a Van Nes rotationplasty (VNR). The patient currently ambulates independently with a prosthesis and is without recurrent infection after 3 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:
VNR is a potential strategy to avoid transfemoral amputation or hip disarticulation in open femur fractures complicated by NSTI.
The Protective Effect of Ursolic Acid on Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Rats by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Signaling Pathway
Authors: Pei Jun , Wu Moudong , Cai Shuyu , Peng Jinpu , Zhan Xiong , Wang Dan , Wang Wei , An Nini 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common pathological feature of a variety of kidney diseases that progress to end-stage renal disease. The excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a typical pathological change of renal interstitial fibrosis. The production of reactive oxygen species in renal tubules is an important factor leading to the development of renal interstitial fibrosis. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene carboxylic acid compound widely found in plants. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor cell proliferation effects. It can reduce the development of fibrosis by inhibiting the oxidative stress response of the liver; Whether UA can protect the renal interstitial fibrosis by resisting oxidative stress in the kidneys, there is currently no relevant research. In this study, our purpose is to investigate the effect of ursolic acid on renal interstitial fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats and its related mechanisms. We established a UUO model by surgically ligating the right ureter of the rat, and instilling UA preparation (40 mg/kg/d) through the stomach after the operation, once a day for 7 days. We found that UUO caused impaired renal function, increased pathological damage, increased renal interstitial fibrosis, increased apoptosis, increased oxidative stress damage, and decreased antioxidants. However, after UA preparations were given, the above-mentioned damage was significantly improved. At the same time, we also found that UA preparations can significantly increase the relative expression of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in kidney tissue after UUO. In order to further verify whether the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway is involved in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis, we injected zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, 45umol/Kg), a specific blocker of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, into the intraperitoneal cavity after UUO in rats and before gastric perfusion of ursolic acid preparations. Subsequently, we observed that the protective effect of UA on renal interstitial fibrosis after UUO in rats was reversed. Combining all the research results, we proved that UA has a protective effect on renal interstitial fibrosis after UUO in rats, which may be achieved by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Seismic events miss important grain-scale mechanisms governed by kinematics during shear failure of porous rock
Authors: Cartwright-Taylor Alexis , Mangriotis Maria-Daphne , Main Ian , Butler Ian B. , Fusseis Florian , Ling Martin , Ando Edward , Curtis Andrew , Bell Andrew , Crippen Alyssa , Rizzo Roberto , Marti Sina , Leung Derek , Magdysyuk Oxana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Catastrophic failure in brittle, porous materials initiates when smaller-scale fractures localize along an emergent failure plane or 'fault' in a transition from stable crack growth to dynamic rupture. Due to the extremely rapid nature of this critical transition, the precise micro-mechanisms involved are poorly understood and difficult to capture. Here, we observe these micro-mechanisms directly by controlling the microcracking rate to slow down the transition in a unique rock deformation experiment that combines acoustic monitoring with contemporaneous in-situ x-ray imaging of the microstructure. The results provide the first integrated picture of how damage and associated micro-seismic events emerge and evolve together during localisation and failure and allow us to ground truth some previous inferences from mechanical and seismic monitoring alone. They also highlight where such inferences miss important kinematically-governed grain-scale mechanisms prior to and during shear failure. Contrary to common assumption, we find seismic amplitude is not correlated with local imaged strain; large local strain often occurs with small acoustic emissions, and vice versa. Local strain is predominantly aseismic, explained in part by grain/crack rotation along an emergent shear zone, and the shear fracture energy calculated from local dilation and shear strain on the fault is half of that inferred from the bulk deformation. This improvement in process-based understanding holds out the prospect of reducing systematic errors in forecasting system-sized catastrophic failure in a variety of applications.
Role of IL-1RL1/ST2 in infantile asthma
Authors: Baba Yosuke , Matsuda Akina , Yamada Hiromichi , Yoneyama Toshiyuki , Yamazaki Susumu , Inage Eisuke , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Kantake Masato , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Wheezing is the dominant pathological characteristic of asthma. It is estimated that 50% of all children have experienced wheezing at least once in their first six years of life. This study aimed to investigate initial wheezing attacks in pediatric patients and to determine connection between transient wheezing (TW) attacks and persistent wheezing (PW).
Methods

The immune responses of children who initially presented with wheezing attacks were studied. A total of 231 children with wheezing attacks at the time of admission were enrolled in the study. The study population consisted of 68 children with wheezing episodes. Children with recurrent wheezing who were introduced to inhaled steroids after 12 months were further grouped into either PW or TW groups.
Results

At the initial onset, cytokine analysis of the children revealed a marked increase in serum soluble and transmembrane forms of interleukin receptor-2 (ST2) in PW. In contrast, there were no changes in serum levels of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-33. The serum ST2 levels of the PW group were higher compared to those of the TW group. Moreover, a significant increase in ST2 expression was observed in PW children with recurrent wheezing attacks.
Conclusion

The present study demonstrated that ST2 might be a useful index for predicting the prognosis of infantile asthma. Hence, elucidation of the mechanism of ST2 expression in childhood allergic diseases is essential.
Treatment of Overweight and Obesity by Suppressing Intestinal Epithelial Renewal in a Mouse Model of Obesity
Authors: Zeng Wei-ping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Obesity and overweight pose serious risk for many diseases and clinical conditions. However currently available weight loss strategies and pharmacotherapies of obesity are not satisfactory. This study shows that treatments with pH modifiers such as acids are not only well tolerated by obese mice but also very effective in reducing bodyweight and fat mass by depleting and suppressing the proliferation of proliferating epithelial cells of the intestinal villi. Therefore other cell proliferation inhibitors that suppress intestinal epithelial renewal can also be used for pharmacotherapy of obesity and overweight.
The Lorentz Transformation Equation for Tachyon Particles Moving Faster Than Light
Authors: Yasin Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Lorentz transformation of a particle that travels faster than light is the trajectory of the particle. When a particle travels faster than light, ordinary Lorentz transformation is not applicable to it, so a different Lorentz transformation is required. Some scientists have published Lorentz transformations for fast-moving particles from light, but to me, the Lorentz transformation given by A Rachman, R Dutheil did not seem appropriate enough. This is because the trajectory of tachyon particles is not clear from their equations. In this article, Lorentz transformation has been proven without violating the theory of relativity, which is the trajectory for faster particles than light. This article shows the Lorentz transformation equation for particles moving at a faster velocity than light (v> c ) under a v <c or static observer without violating the theory of relativity.
A Computational Study of Optoelectronic and Charge Transport Properties of Purine Nucleobases Dinucleotides Compounds
Authors: Madison Kimberly , Kolodziejczyk Wojciech , Kapusta Karina , Hill Glake 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Optoelectronic and charge transport properties of eight novel compounds are presented in this work. Density functional theory B3LYP was utilized to optimize all structures while time-dependent density functional theory was utilized for vertical excitation characteristics. Gas and solvent phases (water, THF, and DCM) were evaluated to gain insight on solid-state and solution processed devices. While the solvent phases enhanced most of the charge transport properties, there was seen a blue-shift in their absorption wavelengths. However, C2, C4, C6, and C8 in THF absorption maxima were the highest and similar to those of the gas phase (605-652 nm). Extension of the polymer size decreased the HOMO-LUMO gap energy with C7 having the lowest energy gap in the gas phase. Although tuning the properties in optoelectronic devices is challenging, these findings will assist with the design of higher quality materials that could surpass the quality of inorganic devices.
Stress and stressors experienced by the high-risk neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and their parents: Protocol for a systematic review of available evidence from India
Authors: N Siva , Phagdol Tenzin , Nayak Baby S , Mathias Edlin Glane , Lewis Leslie Edward S , Velayudhan Binil , N Ravi Shanker , Souza Preethy D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Hospitalization of a neonate is a significant stressor for the parents as well as family members especially when a high-risk neonate is admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) requiring continued intensive care. This prolonged physical separation from parent can have a negative psychological effect on both the neonate and the parent. These adverse health effects may last beyond hospitalization, impacting parental behavior and causing long-term emotional complications and health alteration. The neonatal period is crucial for initiating interaction and bonding between mother and child. Undue stress during this period can compromise the establishment and maintenance of a healthy mother-child bonding, which may negatively impact their long-term relationship.
Methods
The systematic review will include hospital-based observational studies, cross-sectional surveys, descriptive studies, qualitative studies, and mixed-method studies from India. Studies will be retrieved from global databases like CINAHL via EBSCO host, MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Ovid, Web of Science, ProQuest Medical Library, Microsoft academic, DOAJ, and Indian databases like Indian Citation Index, J-Gate, and Neonatal Database (JCDR) using database-specific keywords. Additionally, online hand searching will be done on Indian websites of relevant institutions, women and child welfare departments, NGOs, repositories, registries, search engines, pediatric journals, and grey literature. All the primary studies reference lists will be scrutinized for additional references. Two review authors will independently screen, extract data, and critically appraise included studies. In case of any disagreements, it will be resolved in consultation with a third reviewer. Results will be reported as per the PRISMA-P guidelines.
Discussion
This systematic review will identify and highlight the stress and stressors among high-risk neonates admitted to NICU and their parents, which will guide the health care team in planning and developing comprehensive family-centered programs or interventions to reduce stress and stressors among high-risk neonates and their parents.
Registration of systematic review:
Protocol is registered in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews), Reg ID: CRD42021272323.
Subgraph of generalized co-maximal graph of commutative rings
Authors: Biswas Bijon , Kar Sukhendu , Sen M . K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with 1. In [3], we introduced a graph G(R) whose vertices are elements of R and two distinct vertices a, b are adjacent if and only if aR + bR = eR for some non-zero idempotent e in R. Let G′(R) be the subgraph of G(R) generated by the non-units of R. In this paper, we characterize those rings R for which the graph G′(R) is connected and Eulerian. Also we characterize those rings R for which genus of the graph G′(R) is ≤ 2. Finally, we show that the graph G′(R) is a line graph of some graph if and only if R is either a regular ring or a local ring.AMS Subject Classification 2020 : 05C25
Biopesticide Extension and Rice Farmers' Adoption Behavior: A Survey From Rural China
Authors: Huang Yanzhong , Li Zhaoliang , Luo Xiaofeng , Liu Di 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although the beneficial effects of the agricultural extension of farmers’ biopesticide adoption have been largely demonstrated, the questions of what approaches can better extend biopesticides and how to improve the inefficiencies of biopesticide extension still need to be explored. In a survey of 1148 rice farmers in Hubei Province, China, the technology supply and demand theory was used to explain the low efficiency of biopesticide extension. The endogenous switching probit model was used to estimate the impact of biopesticide technology publicity, training, demonstration and subsidies on farmers’ adoption. The results show that biopesticide extension can promote rice farmers’ adoption probability by 10.3% ~ 11.7%. Among these methods, technology demonstration is currently the best way to extend biopesticides. Moreover, inadequate supply and demand of biopesticides are important for explaining the inefficiency of biopesticide extension in China. Extending biopesticides is better for farmers with smaller scales, younger ages, and lower education and for those who are cooperative members. Therefore, we should not only actively conduct biopesticide demonstration but also more importantly induce farmers’ biopesticide demand and secure the market supply of biopesticide products. These findings will provide useful guidance for biopesticide extension and pesticide reduction in China and other developing countries.
Intellectual Property Rights and Computer Applications for Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha , Saindane Dnyanesh 
Published: November 2021

:
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are intellectual privileges that allow authors and inventors
to defend their original inventions from misuse or theft. With the assistance of algorithms, clinical
science has taken on a different level in recent years. Various advanced tools can be used to investigate
pharmacokinetics profiling, in silico experiments, receptor simulations, drug synergistic
effects, and so on. Computational scientists are making continuous efforts to figure out how to connect
business models in pharmacology. However, software theft and security rights remain major
concerns for all. In order to avoid such violations, IPR compliance for R&D as well as promoting
machine applications is critical. This compilation will illustrate diverse software concepts, the latest
patent data structures, copyright management laws for software, trade secrets, compliance
rights, software patenting and contracts, artificial technology priorities and problems, licenses, and
case studies relating to IPR violations in pharmaceutical and other fields.
Influence of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Physical and Psychosocial Well-being and Work Productivity of Remote Workers: Cross-sectional Correlational Study
Authors: Tronco Hernández Yessica Abigail , Parente Fabio , Faghy Mark A , Roscoe Clare M P , Maratos Frances A 
Published: November 2021

Background
Lockdowns imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the living and working habits of millions of people, with potentially important implications for their physical, mental, and social well-being.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on remote workers who were not directly affected by COVID-19.

Methods
This was a correlational cross-sectional study (with an additional qualitative component) of 184 remote workers surveyed during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom. Standard measures of mental health (Kessler-6 Distress Scale), productivity (Brief Instrument to Assess Workers’ Productivity During a Working Day), and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were used, and respondents were further surveyed on changes to their dietary, exercise, smoking, drinking, and socialization habits to produce a well-being change index.

Results
The results revealed associations between sedentary behavior and poorer mental health (τb=0.14) and between poorer mental health and low work productivity (τb=–0.39). However, both positive and negative lifestyle changes were reported; a self-reported increase in well-being (with respect to diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and socialization) since the start of the pandemic was associated with both better mental health (τb=–0.14) and better work productivity (τb=0.14). Of note, among respondents without a mental health diagnosis (137/184, 74.4%), we observed rates of moderate (76/137, 55.5%) and severe (17/137, 12.4%) psychological distress, which were markedly higher than those reported in large prepandemic studies; moreover, 70.1% (129/184) of our respondents reported more sedentary behavior, 41% (69/168) increased their alcohol consumption, and 38.6% (71/184) increased their overall food intake. However, 46% (75/163), 44.8% (39/87) and 51.8% (57/110) of respondents reported spending more time walking and engaging in more moderate and vigorous exercise, respectively. Qualitative analysis revealed many positive adaptations to lockdowns (eg, decreased commuting expenses, flexibility) but also a number of structural obstacles to remote working (eg, lack of support and high expectations from employers, childcare duties).

Conclusions
These findings may be of practical importance for policy makers and employers in a world in which work involves long-term remote or hybrid employment arrangements; strategies to promote more sustainable remote working are discussed.
Metabolites Associated with Coffee Consumption and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: He William J. , Chen Jingsha , Razavi Alexander C. , Hu Emily A. , Grams Morgan E. , Yu Bing , Parikh Chirag R. , Boerwinkle Eric , Bazzano Lydia , Qi Lu , Kelly Tanika N. , Coresh Josef , Rebholz Casey M. 
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives
Moderate coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of CKD; however, the exact biologic mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. Metabolomic profiling may identify metabolic pathways that explain the association between coffee and CKD. The goal of this study was to identify serum metabolites associated with coffee consumption and examine the association between these coffee-associated metabolites and incident CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using multivariable linear regression, we identified coffee-associated metabolites among 372 serum metabolites available in two subsamples of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC; n=3811). Fixed effects meta-analysis was used to pool the results from the two ARIC study subsamples. Associations between coffee and metabolites were replicated in the Bogalusa Heart Study (n=1043). Metabolites with significant associations with coffee in both cohorts were then evaluated for their prospective associations with incident CKD in the ARIC study using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
In the ARIC study, mean (SD) age was 54 (6) years, 56% were daily coffee drinkers, and 32% drank >2 cups per day. In the Bogalusa Heart Study, mean (SD) age was 48 (5) years, 57% were daily coffee drinkers, and 38% drank >2 cups per day. In a meta-analysis of two subsamples of the ARIC study, 41 metabolites were associated with coffee consumption, of which 20 metabolites replicated in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Three of these 20 coffee-associated metabolites were associated with incident CKD in the ARIC study.

Conclusions
We detected 20 unique serum metabolites associated with coffee consumption in both the ARIC study and the Bogalusa Heart Study, and three of these 20 candidate biomarkers of coffee consumption were associated with incident CKD. One metabolite (glycochenodeoxycholate), a lipid involved in primary bile acid metabolism, may contribute to the favorable kidney health outcomes associated with coffee consumption. Two metabolites (O-methylcatechol sulfate and 3-methyl catechol sulfate), both of which are xenobiotics involved in benzoate metabolism, may represent potential harmful aspects of coffee on kidney health.
How Do Auditors Order Their Tasks, and How Does Task Ordering Affect Performance Under Time Pressure?
Authors: Mocadlo Robert P. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
I examine how the subjectivity of task criteria influences auditors' ordering and performance of audit tasks under time pressure. Tasks with more objective criteria provide little flexibility in how well they can be completed (i.e., they are either performed correctly or incorrectly). On the other hand, tasks with more subjective criteria have a wider range of performance levels that satisfy the “letter” of the criteria, but not necessarily the “spirit.” I predict and find that auditors tend to work on a task with more objective criteria before a task with more subjective criteria. As time pressure increases, auditors ordering their tasks this way reduce performance on the subjective task, but not the objective task. By decreasing performance on tasks with more subjective criteria, auditors can address all the criteria for both tasks if only in letter, rather than in spirit.
Data Availability: Contact the author.
Taxes and Haven Activities: Evidence from Linguistic Cues
Authors: Law Kelvin K. F. , Mills Lillian F. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Users of Exhibit 21 cannot tell whether a tax haven subsidiary is actively operating or a dormant shell company. In this paper, we develop a new set of parsimonious measures to highlight the distinct mechanisms and tax effects of offshore sales to, as opposed to purchases from, tax haven countries, offering insights on the effects of certain types of offshoring activities on firms' tax burdens. Our main measure has about three times the effect of the mere existence of a haven subsidiary in explaining firms' effective tax rates. We detail the processes to predict the offshore activities in tax haven countries for firms without an Exhibit 21 and firms reporting no subsidiary operations in a tax haven country. Relative to the mere mention of a tax haven subsidiary in Exhibit 21, our new measures provide a richer information set to capture different types of economic activities in tax haven countries.
JEL Classifications: G30; H25; H26; M41.