bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordinary Least Squares based on Fourier Series Residuals for fitting the Modified Exponential Growth Model
Authors: Kamar Saifaldin Hashim , Msallam Basim Shlaibah , Uraibi Hassan S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is well-known that grey system theory was put forward in the statistical literature to overcome the problem of partially unknown parameters, therefore it is given the attention of the researchers in many scientific areas. Therefore, many methods have been presented in which the grey system is combined with the Fourier series and others for more accurate prediction. This paper presents a methodology to modify the method of least squares based on Fourier series residuals that are computed by using grey system theory. The objective of this methodology is to improve the estimates of a modified exponential growth model. The performance of the proposed method by using simulation is compared with two famous methods and the results show our proposed method outperforms more than others and it is highly efficient and reliable. On the practical, the new method was used to predict the price of a barrel of crude oil for the OPEC basket for the period from Jul 2019 to Dec 2019, and It can be seen that OPEC basket prices will decline in the end of 2019.
Comparison of methods for estimating the reliability of arriving for the Burr distribution
Authors: Al-Sabbah Shrook A S , Shaymaa Mahood M , Abood Ahmed Hamza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the comparison between the methods of estimating the reliability of arriving at the time of the trip for the Burr distribution, namely (Maximum likelihood method, the Bayes method, the non-linear least squares method). We are comparing among the three estimation methods using the simulation method. To make an understanding of the best method for estimating the reliability of arriving at the Burr distribution through a comparison between the three methods, an integrative mean square error standard (IMSE) was used, as the simulation results showed the preference of the Bayes method over the other methods.
Topological Data Analysis For Evaluating PDE-based Denoising Models
Authors: Al-Jaberi Ahmed K. , Hameed Ehsan M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Image denoising is process of removing the noise (i.e. artifacts) in digital image. Noise reduction is an essential process of image processing in order to improve, analyze and interpret important information in an image. Edges are important to the visual appearance of images, to preserve important features such as edges and corners during the noise reduction process. A class of fourth- and second-order partial differential equations (PDEs) are used to optimize the trade-off between noise removal and edge preservation. Image quality assessment plays an important role in various image processing applications. It is still an active field of research. Several techniques have been suggested for measuring image quality but none of them are ideal for measuring the quality. This paper presents a new assessment of image quality based on topological data analysis (TDA) which is used for evaluating noise removal from colour images and also for assessing the performance of PDE-based denoising models. The experimental results show that the proposed assessment model gives high correlation. Furthermore, the proposed method provides very low computational load and similar extraction of characteristics to human perceptional assessment.
Smoothing parameter selection in kernel nonparametric regression using bat optimization algorithm
Authors: Mustafa Marwah Yahya , Algamal Zakariya Yahya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the context of kernel nonparametric regression, the curve estimation is fully depending on the smoothing parameter. At this point, the nature-inspired algorithms can be used as an alternative tool to find the optimal selection. In this paper, a bat optimization algorithm method is proposed to choose the smoothing parameter in Nadaraya-Watson kernel nonparametric regression. The proposed method will efficiently help to find the best smoothing parameter with a high prediction. The proposed method is compared with four famous ` of prediction capability.
Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Parameters Estimation of Gamma distribution at Various Loss Functions
Authors: Rasheed Huda A. , Naji Loaiy F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with some Estimator of Bayes s of the parameters of Gamma distribution (GD) under three different loss functions, represented via Precautionary loss function, Entropy loss function (ELF) and invariant of scale squared error (SE) loss function, assuming Gamma and Exponential priors for the shape and scale parameters respectively. Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and Lindley’s approximation are used to obtain the Bayes estimates of the shape and scale parameters of GD. According to the Monte Carlo simulation method, those estimators have been compared based on the mean SEs (MSE’s). The results show that the performance of the Estimator of Bayes s under invariant of scale SE loss function produces the best estimates for the two parameters in all cases.
Recommendation Systems For E-commerce Systems An Overview
Authors: Abdul Hussien Farah Tawfiq , Rahma Abdul Monem S. , Abdul Wahab Hala Bahjat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to the huge expand in global markets and financial transactions, the importance of E-commerce has grown significantly, so to achieve fully functioning, scalable, reliable, efficient, secure, and user-friendly E-commerce system, Adequate system analysis and design procedures are essential. On the other hand The internet vast growing has totally altered the way most companies work. The Internet has created a means for e-Commerce the internet has created a way to provide a unique avenue for companies and customers to sell and buy goods and services. When creating an e-commerce website, there are several goals that must be taken into account, one of them is how to Increase the site’s efficiency to ensure customer turnout and thus achieve the required material profits. There are several methods that are followed to increase the efficiency of the site. One of these methods is the recommender system. This paper produces a study overview of the value of recommended systems and thoroughly analyzed Collaborative Recommender System (CF) techniques with its techniques., which presents proposals to customers according to their interests, making it easier for the customer to search and thus choose the goods that suit him.
The kernel in fixed topological spaces
Authors: Hussain Al-Abdulla Raad Aziz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The goal of the article is to extend and study the proper fixed spaces. The sets called D-, and Kernel sets in this space have been studied and introduced. In this paper we include theorems and examples related to these concepts in fixed topological space. This research finds the characteristics and properties of such notions. Also the relation between them are studied and investigated in fixed topological spaces. Since the definition of the mathematics usual topology differs from the definition of fixed topology, we have noticed that some of the concepts that have been studied in both are different in terms of their verification in the proofs and examples and evidence for that the of definitions D-sets. α, R0, D0, D1 - spaces and the kernel set. Also we were obtained that the relationships between these concepts are different from those in previous studies.
Undirected Complete Graph to Design New Public Key Cryptosystem
Authors: Aljamaly Karrar Taher R. , Ajeena Ruma Kareem K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, the alternative version of the ElGamal public key cryptosystem (EPKC) first is proposed. The revised EPKC depended on an extended discrete logarithm problem over matrices. More secure communications with the revised EPKC in compare to the original one are obtained. Also, a new public key cryptosystem has been designed based on undirected complete graph (UCG). The plaintext data is selected as a subset from the finite fields which is corresponded to undirected complete graph G(V,E), where V and E are finite sets of the vertices and edges respectively. The plaintext is encrypted using the matrix power function (MPF) and the minimum spanning tree (MST) problem of undirected complete graph (UCG). The adjacent matrix representation of MST is used to speed up the calculations. More secure on the proposed cryptosystem has been determined in compare to other asymmetric public key cryptosystems. New computational results of the revised EPKC and the UCG-based public key cryptosystem are discussed.
On Oscillatory to Nonlinear Impulsive Differential Equation of Second-Order with Damping Term
Authors: Jaddoa Aqeel Falih 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper focuses on the sufficient conditions for oscillatory property to the nonlinear impulsive differential equation(IDE) of the second order with damping term. We submitted a suitable impulsive conditions with the nonlinear equation. The obtained new results in this article generalize and extend some modification results to linear (IDEs) with damping term in the references. We have been given illustrative example to apply the conditions in the main results.
Efficiency Algorithm for Solving Some Models of Nonlinear Problems
Authors: Nemah Eman Mohmmed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a numerical algorithm proposed by composing the Aboodh transform (AT) and Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and it has been named (ATADM). This algorithm is tested for solving some models of nonlinear problems. The modification gives robust tool for large size of enumerations. The obtained results of comparing approximate solution with exact solution for this scheme appeared high accuracy and efficiency for solving nonlinear problems.
Multiplier Approximation of Functions by q-Bernstein-Kantorovich Operator
Authors: Zaboon Ali Hussein , Al-Saidy Sahib K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to find best multiplier approximation of unbounded functions in L

p,ϕm

–space by q-Bernstein-Kantorovich Aperator, in terms of the modulus of smoothness of one order using Korevkin Theorem.
On The Convergence Speediness of K * and D-Iterations
Authors: Thajil A Q , Maibed Z H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, we introduced a new concept of mappings called δZA - Quasi contractive mapping and we study the K*- iteration process for approximation of fixed points, and we proved that this iteration process is faster than the existing leading iteration processes like Noor iteration process, CR -iteration process, SP and Karahan Two- step iteration process for 𝛿𝒵𝒜 − quasi contraction mappings. We supported our analytic proof by a numerical example.
Machine Elements and Design Fundamental
Authors: Hasan Hussein Mohammed , Razzaq Hussein Younus , Saleh Intisar Rasheed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Mechanical Engineering essence is the understanding of all the available resources, their effective utilization, and making use of the law of nature to help, gain and benefit the entire humanity. Mechanical Engineering is the applied science using scientific knowledge and procedures as the means to accomplish a specific practical and useful results. It is related to the sense that involves a proper understanding of all the scientific principles and effectively applying them to attain the designated goal. The machine design in mechanical engineering is the most crucial section of engineering, and it deals with the design, conception, refinement, development of machines and component application together with the mechanical apparatus of every kind.
In the professional engineering, the main concern is to obtain the requisite solutions to all the practical problems in the machinery production. The solutions should reflect the knowledge, understanding and application of the underlying technology and science. However, normally the mere understanding is not sufficient. The related empirical knowledge together with engineering judgment become the most prerequisite. For instance, no scientist can entirely understand electricity. However, it does not prevent any electrical engineer from creating highly useful and functional electrical devices. Likewise, no scientist can fully understand metal fatigues and combustion procedures, yet, the mechanical engineers utilize the knowledge and insight available to generate highly useful and functional combustion engines. When more scientific solutions are accessible, engineers can devise better explanations and clarifications to practical problems. This study tries to analyze and evaluate the perception and usefulness of AM- additive manufacturing systems and technologies to understand machine elements, product design and its development.
Variational Approaches as Fractional Differential Equations Along Theoretical and Numerical Examples
Authors: Al-Obaidi Hussein , Al-Obaidi Riyadh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper deals along the solutions numerical and presentence estimates As fractional equation as differential class, while the problem nonlinear part admits some distinct hypotheses. In particular, As precise parameter localization, the non-0 solution presentence is recognized requiring the sub linearity nonlinear part at infinity and origin. Furthermore, theoretical and numerical examples of applications are provided.
Physical and chemical properties of oil palm land which overgrown with weeds at different plant age
Authors: Satriawan H , Fuady Z , Fitri R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Large plantations such as oil palm plantations are usually covered by several weed species which occasionally function as a land cover. Soil samples were obtained through Simple Random Sampling on various types of ground cover weeds, e.g Asystasia intrusa, Eleusine indica, Cyperus kyllingia Endl. and Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum Stapf., in 7-year old oil palm stands, and Asystasia intrusa, Cyperus kyllingia Endl., Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum Stapf. and Cyperus rotundus, in 6-year old stands. Each sample was randomly obtained from each replicate plot at a depth of 0-20 cm (layer 1) and 20-50 cm (layer 2) at 5 points. Variables of soil chemical properties observed were N-total, P-available, K-total, C-organic and soil pH, while the physical properties observed were water content (%) and volume weight, using the gravimetric method. The results showed that the presence of weeds beneath the oil palm stands in plantation areas did not continuously have a negative effect on the growing environment. In this study, the presence of 4 (four) weed species under 6 and 7 years old were found around old oil palm stands and classified as dominant existences actually have a positive tendency to influence the quality of physical and chemical properties of soil under oil palm stands.
Using surface free energy method to evaluate the isothermic adsorption of free fatty acid on low-grade coal
Authors: Rahmadian A , Nikmatin S , Hardhienata H , Darmawan S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Surface free energy analysis on low-grade coal has been conducted. This research shows the interaction between oil and coal which improve the quality of low-grade coal by coating process. Sample coal has a total surface free energy of 22.3 mJ/m2 with 17.51 % polar ratio. The interfacial energy between coal and free fatty acid (FFA) is 9.1 mJ/m2 with adhesive energy by 53.4 mJ/m2 which is able the oil to coated on the coal surface under Van der Waals force effect.
Green prosperity: a natural-based solution for rural electrification in Indonesia
Authors: Wahono J , Djamari D W , Nurhadiyanto M A , Azmi A L S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Primary energy demand in Indonesia is growing rapidly due to urbanization, economic growth and population increase. The contribution of New and Renewable Energy to the national energy mix is mandated to reach 23 % by 2025. Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) stresses five sectors in which greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are to be reduced with forestry and energy being the highest priority. While Indonesia is committed to address climate change through the forestry sector, there are clearly contextual challenges that need to be addressed to create the enabling conditions for REDD+. Biomass production for local energy supply in remote and rural areas could become the agent of change for this difficult problem. This paper proposes a methodology for rural electrification using a community and biomass-based power generation system exemplified by a real case in the Mentawai islands in Indonesia. By replicating this proven system that results in biomass production, land restoration, affordable electricity, and local economic growth, the contribution of renewable energy in the energy mix and the overall prosperity of Indonesians in rural and remote areas can be improved.
Remote monitoring and control system for the energy self-sufficient bioethanol distiller
Authors: Ibañez V , Manzanas W M , Villena R , Ubiña T , Agrupis S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) started the Bioethanol industry way back in 2008 and produced the first fuel-grade Hydrous Ethanol (95%) in the Philippines in 2012. Developments continued until the team developed Village-scale fuelwood fired 150 L and 850 L capacity Multi-Feedstock Bioethanol Distiller. Recently, the Village-Scale Bioethanol Industry established in Pamplona, Cagayan, produced more than 4000 L of 95% Ethanol from Nipa Sap last year. The output of the team was remarkable. Challenges encountered in monitoring operation protocols resulted in low efficiency, mainly because the distillers are situated about 4 hrs away from the University. With a low ethanol yield of 5-6 percent during the production last year, the team was challenged to develop a Remote Monitoring and Control System for the Distillers deployed in Cagayan. This study aims to automate the Bioethanol distiller to increase the yield of ethanol. Implementing IoT via web application for real-time monitoring and control, and integrating Photovoltaic cells for an energy self-sufficient Bioethanol Distiller. Results showed that it is functional and effective in controlling the kettle temperature, water pump, and the Bioethanol distiller’s energy usage wirelessly and remotely through the MMSU i4.0 platform. It was observed that the ethanol yield is up to 8.39%. Furthermore, a better quality of the front and tail ethanol yield was achieved by implementing PID control.
Value added products from urban organic wastes: a whole systems perspective
Authors: Urbaniak L , Sanchez G , Lee R , Satrio J , Taylor J , Spracklin D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Organic waste, specifically food waste and sewage sludge, is a challenge for sustainable waste management systems. The United States Environmental Protection Agency estimated that 38 million tons of food waste went to landfill in 2014. In the United States, public wastewater treatment plants process approximately 14 million dry tons of sewage sludge per year. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is proposed as a solution to the large streams of food waste and sewage sludge. HTC is significantly more energy efficient than the industry standard processes used today. Compared to other biomass conversion processes, HTC has the highest carbon efficiency while having the lowest greenhouse gas emissions rate. HTC is a thermochemical process that converts wet biomass to a coal-like product that can be used as a solid fuel source, for soil amendment, or as a base for advanced applications such as activated carbon. Villanova University, with SoMax BioEnergy, is researching HTC and activation techniques for upgrading sewage sludge and food waste to activated carbon. The focus of the study is to evaluate these wastes as feedstocks for HTC and the subsequent activation to determine if an activated carbon adsorbent can be produced that is comparable to commercially available activated carbon using a whole systems perspective. This is a novel look as it involves determining the impacts of the process from social, technical, environmental, economic, and political (STEEP) perspectives.
Using two dosages of biochar from shorea to improve the growth of Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings
Authors: Riniarti Melya , Hidayat Wahyu , Prasetia Hendra , Niswati Ainin , Hasanudin Udin , Banuwa Irwan Sukri , Yoo Jiho , Kim Sangdo , Lee Sihyun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the effect of biochar addition on the growth of Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings. Biochar from shorea was produced using a traditional kiln at 400 °C and 600 °C. The scarification of P. falcataria seeds were conducted using hot water with temperature at 80 °C and then soaked for 24 h. The seeds were then spread on to the germination media and after germinated, the seedlings were moved to polybags contain soil and biochar. Two dosages of biochar such as 25 and 50% were applied and compared with control. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design with 15 replicates. The examination of seedlings growth was conducted one week after transplanting, then subsequently monitored every month. The results showed that the addition of biochar improved the survival rate of seedlings, height and diameter increments, root length and root volume. The results showed a potential of using biochar to improve the growth of P. falcataria seedlings in the nursery.
Investigation of rotary dryer performance fueled with wood pellets for biomass processing
Authors: Nursani Daragantina , Hafitara Harry , Bagawanta Bariq , Surjosatyo Adi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The drying process is necessary to reduce the biomass moisture content before it is processed into ready-to-burn fuel. Rotary dryer is one of the tools used for drying biomass, as it can produce a uniform moisture content, high power, and simple to use and maintain. This research aims to investigate the performance of a rotary dryer for drying biomass from tree felling waste. The dryer consists of a hopper, drum dryer chamber with flight, product discharge unit, heat exchanger, pellets burner, axial blower, and drum drive motor which is equipped with an electric variable speed. The variation of experimental is mass flow rate of material with drum rotating speed of 1, 1.25, 1.5 RPM, drying air flow rate of 0.6, 1 and 1.3 m3/s and fuel consumption rate of 48 and 123 g/min. The performance evaluation showed that this dryer is capable to drying chopped tree felling waste at the decreasing moisture content rate of 0.5-2.0 %/min. The system efficiency of the dryer was found to be 8.91-26.84% depending on the drum rotary speed, drying air flow rate, and drying temperature.