bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aquatic models of human ciliary diseases
Authors: Corkins Mark E. , Krneta‐Stankic Vanja , Kloc Malgorzata , Miller Rachel K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCilia are microtubule‐based structures that either transmit information into the cell or move fluid outside of the cell. There are many human diseases that arise from malfunctioning cilia. Although mammalian models provide vital insights into the underlying pathology of these diseases, aquatic organisms such as Xenopus and zebrafish provide valuable tools to help screen and dissect out the underlying causes of these diseases. In this review we focus on recent studies that identify or describe different types of human ciliopathies and outline how aquatic organisms have aided our understanding of these diseases.
Consistent concentrations of critically endangered Balearic shearwaters in UK waters revealed by at‐sea surveys
Authors: Phillips Jessica Ann , Banks Alex N. , Bolton Mark , Brereton Tom , Cazenave Pierre , Gillies Natasha , Padget Oliver , van der Kooij Jeroen , Waggitt James , Guilford Tim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimEurope's only globally critically endangered seabird, the Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus), is thought to have expanded its postbreeding range northwards into UK waters, though its at sea distribution there is not yet well understood. This study aims to identify environmental factors associated with the species’ presence, map the probability of presence of the species across the western English Channel and southern Celtic Sea, and estimate the number of individuals in this area.LocationThe western English Channel and southern Celtic Sea.MethodsThis study analyses strip transect data collected between 2013 and 2017 from vessel‐based surveys in the western English Channel and southern Celtic Sea during the Balearic shearwater's postbreeding period. Using environmental data collected directly and from remote sensors both Generalized Additive Models and the Random Forest machine learning model were used to determine shearwater presence at different locations. Abundance was estimated separately using a density multiplication approach.ResultsBoth models indicated that oceanographic features were better predictors of shearwater presence than fish abundance. Seafloor aspect, sea surface temperature, depth, salinity, and maximum current speed were the most important predictors. The estimated number of Balearic shearwaters in the prediction area ranged from 652 birds in 2017 to 6,904 birds in 2014.Main conclusionsAreas with consistently high probabilities of shearwater presence were identified at the Celtic Sea front. Our estimates suggest that the study area in southwest Britain supports between 2% and 23% of the global population of Balearic shearwaters. Based on the timing of the surveys (mainly in October), it is probable that most of the sighted shearwaters were immatures. This study provides the most complete understanding of Balearic shearwater distribution in UK waters available to date, information that will help inform any future conservation actions concerning this endangered species.
Pliant pathogens: Estimating viral spread when confronted with new vector, host, and environmental conditions
Authors: Porath‐Krause Anita , Campbell Ryan , Shoemaker Lauren , Sieben Andrew , Strauss Alexander T. , Shaw Allison K. , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Pathogen spread rates are determined, in part, by the performance of pathogens under altered environmental conditions and their ability to persist while switching among hosts and vectors.

To determine the effects of new conditions (host, vector, and nutrient) on pathogen spread rate, we introduced a vector‐borne viral plant pathogen, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus PAV (BYDV‐PAV) into hosts, vectors, and host nutrient supplies that it had not encountered for thousands of viral generations. We quantified pathogen prevalence over the course of two serial inoculations under the new conditions. Using individual‐level transmission rates from this experiment, we parameterized a dynamical model of disease spread and projected spread across host populations through a growing season.

A change in nutrient conditions (increased supply of phosphorus) reduced viral transmission whereas shifting to a new vector or host species had no effect on infection prevalence. However, the reduction in the new nutrient environment was only temporary; infection prevalence recovered after the second inoculation.

Synthesis. These results highlight how robust the pathogen, BYDV‐PAV, is to changes in its biotic and abiotic environment. Our study also highlights the need to quantify longitudinal infection information beyond snapshot assessments to project disease risk for pathogens in new environments.
Soil physicochemical properties drive the variation in soil microbial communities along a forest successional series in a degraded wetland in northeastern China
Authors: Sui Xin , Zhang Rongtao , Frey Beat , Yang Libin , Liu Yingnan , Ni Hongwei , Li Mai‐He 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Sanjiang Plain is the biggest freshwater wetland locating in northeastern China. Due to climate change and human activities, that wetland has degraded to a successional gradient from the original flooded wetland to dry shrub vegetation and a forest area with lower ground water level, which may result in changes in soil microbiologic structure and functions. The present study investigated the microbial diversity and community structure in relation to soil properties along that successional gradient. The soil physico‐chemical properties changed significantly with degradation stage. The Shannon diversity index of both soil bacteria (5.90–6.42) and fungi (1.7–4.19) varied significantly with successional stage (both p < .05). The community structures of soil bacteria and fungi in the early successional stages (i.e., the wetland) were significantly determined by water content, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen concentrations in soils, while those in the later successional stages (i.e., forests) were significantly structured by soil organic carbon, soil pH, and available phosphorus concentrations. These results suggest that the soil microbial structure is mainly determined by soil properties rather than by plant community such as plant species composition along successional stages.
Roads, forestry, and wolves interact to drive moose browsing behavior in Scandinavia
Authors: Loosen Anne E. , Devineau Olivier , Zimmermann Barbara , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , Pfeffer Sabine E. , Skarpe Christina , Marie Mathisen Karen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs wild ungulate densities increase across Europe and North America, plant–herbivore interactions are increasingly important from ecological and economic perspectives. These interactions are particularly significant where agriculture and forestry occur and where intensive grazing and browsing by wild ungulates can result in economic losses to growing crops and trees. We studied plant–herbivore interactions in a moose (Alces alces)‐dominant system where forestry is a primary economy, the primary and secondary road networks are extensive, and wolves (Canis lupus) are recolonizing. Wolves and humans use low‐traffic, secondary roads, yet roadsides provide high‐quality and quantity browse for moose. Foraging theory predicts that moose will respond to riskier landscapes by selecting habitats that reduce predation risk, sacrificing feeding time or food quality. As food becomes limiting, however, animals will accept higher predation risk in search of food. We predicted that road avoidance behavior would be strongest within wolf territories. In areas without wolves, moose should select roadsides for their high forage availability. To test these predictions, we measured moose browsing and counted pellet groups as a proxy for habitat use each spring in Norway and Sweden between 2008 and 2018, in areas with and without wolves and at different distances from primary and secondary roads. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate drivers of the probability of browsing occurrence and browsing pressure. We found that browsing occurrence increased closer to secondary roads but decreased closer to primary roads. We also found browsing patterns to vary among tree species. For Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), the browsing occurrence was two times higher in young forests relative to non‐young forests and decreased further from secondary roads. Wolf territory presence and probability had neutral or positive effect on browsing occurrence and pressure for all species. However, wolf territory presence had negative effects on browsing occurrence and pressure when interacting with secondary roads, young forest, or snow cover. We showed that roads can influence browsing patterns in Norway and Sweden. However, further research is needed, particularly in the face of continued infrastructure development in Scandinavia.
Production of natural colorants by liquid fermentation with Chlorociboria aeruginascens and Laetiporus sulphureus and prospective applications
Authors: Zschätzsch Marlen , Steudler Susanne , Reinhardt Olena , Bergmann Pia , Ersoy Franziska , Stange Stephanie , Wagenführ André , Walther Thomas , Berger Ralf Günter , Werner Anett 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe replacement of potentially hazardous synthetic dyes with natural dyes and pigments are of great interest for a sustainable economy. In order to obtain cost‐efficient, environmentally friendly and competitive products, improvements in the cultivation and extraction of pigment‐producing organisms and in dyeing processes are necessary. In our study, we were able to scale up the production of xylindein by Chlorociboria aeruginascens from 3 to 70 L bioreactor cultivations. We have identified important bioprocess parameters like low shear stress (150 rpm, tip speed <0.5 m/s) for optimal pigment yield (4.8 mg/L/d). Additionally, we have demonstrated the potential of laetiporic acid production by Laetiporus sulphureus in various cultivation systems and media, achieving dried biomass concentrations of almost 10 g/L with a 7 L bioreactor cultivation after 17 days. Extractions performed at 70°C and 15 min incubation time showed optimal results. To the best of our knowledge, we have described for the first time the use of this pigment in silk dyeing, which results in a brilliant hue that cannot easily be produced by other natural pigments.
Exogenous exposure to dihydroxyacetone mimics high fructose induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Mehta Raj , Sonavane Manoj , Migaud Marie E. , Gassman Natalie R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a three‐carbon sugar that is the active ingredient in sunless tanning products and a by‐product of electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) combustion. Increased use of sunless tanning products and e‐cigarettes has elevated exposures to DHA through inhalation and absorption. Studies have confirmed that DHA is rapidly absorbed into cells and can enter into metabolic pathways following phosphorylation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), a product of fructose metabolism. Recent reports have suggested metabolic imbalance and cellular stress results from DHA exposures. However, the impact of elevated exposure to DHA on human health is currently under‐investigated. We propose that exogenous exposures to DHA increase DHAP levels in cells and mimic fructose exposures to produce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gene and protein expression changes. Here, we review cell line and animal model exposures to fructose to highlight similarities in the effects produced by exogenous exposures to DHA. Given the long‐term health consequences of fructose exposure, this review emphasizes the pressing need to further examine DHA exposures from sunless tanning products and e‐cigarettes.
An experimental investigation of injection timings and injection pressures on a compression ignition engine fueled with hybrid fuel‐1 derived from waste cooking oil
Authors: Singh Deepak , Sarma Anil K. , Sandhu Sarbjot S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, hybrid fuels have gained more popularity as a substitute fuel for petro‐diesel over biodiesel, due to their comparable properties, renewable nature, and easy processing. The main objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the combined effect of injection timings (ITs) (21, 23, and 25° before top dead center [BTDC]) and injection pressures (IPs) (200, 250, and 300 bar) on the engine characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine fueled with hybrid fuel (HB‐1). The hybrid fuel was prepared by mixing waste cooking oil, ethanol, and n‐butanol in appropriate proportion, that is, 69:18:13 by vol %, respectively. The experimentation was carried out on a single‐cylinder CI engine having rated power of 3.5 kW, four‐stroke, eddy current loading, water‐cooled, and run at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The experimental results were obtained at 80% of full load for combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of hybrid fuel and comparison have made with original setting (IT‐23 BTDC and IP‐200 bar). The obtained results showed that advancement in IT leads to higher cylinder pressure and heat release peaks, whereas retardation leads to opposite trend as compared to the original setting. Moreover, at IT‐25° BTDC with IP‐300 bar, higher brake thermal efficiency was measured than all the altering parameters, whereas brake specific energy consumption and exhaust gas temperature were found to be increased slightly in all altering parameters as compared to original setting. The Carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions increased with all the altering parameters as compared to original setting. The advancement in IT with IP‐200 bar produced higher oxides of nitrogen (NOX) level than all other altering parameters, while other ITs and IPs emitted lower NOX level as compared to original setting. The IT‐25° BTDC with IP‐200 bar produced lowest smoke opacity as compared to other altering parameters.
Autonomous underwater vehicles support for enhanced performance in the Internet of underwater things
Authors: Al‐Bzoor Manal , Al‐assem Esraa , Alawneh Luay , Jararweh Yaser 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Internet of underwater things (IoUT) has become a promising and vibrant paradigm which mainly relies on the underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (UASN). IoUT was first proposed to facilitate offshore real‐time monitoring and exploration of underwater environments. It is now becoming a key component for building and connecting the futuristic underwater smart cities. However, Acoustic waves used in underwater communication suffer from long propagation delays and high transmission energy requirements. Therefore, approaches for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) assisted data collection and cluster‐based routing were proposed to overcome these drawbacks. In this article, we present a smart genetic‐based AUV path planning algorithm for data collection to enhance the performance of UASN. In addition, we combine our smart data collection technique with a dynamic location‐unaware clustering algorithm to further reduce energy consumption with mobility consideration. Our simulation results showed that our genetic‐based technique achieves more than 145% increase in network lifetime and almost a 75% reduction in energy expenditure compared with traditional diagonal path selection technique. More simulations comparing our combined technique with a novel clustering technique showed that the network lifetime is twice as better, total energy consumption is nearly 30% less, and the delivery ratio is 15% more at low densities.
SecureDeepNet‐IoT: A deep learning application for invasion detection in industrial Internet of Things sensing systems
Authors: Altan Gokhan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeep learning (DL) is a special field of artificial intelligence that has increased its use in various fields and has proved its effectiveness in classification. The feasibility of using many hidden layers and many neurons for each layer in the DL architectures enables a detailed analyzing capability for classification and segmentation issues. Advancing the learning performance and generalization capability of the models for big data is one of the major advantages of DL that makes it a mandatory requirement for especially the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Whereas tethering the sensing systems to the Internet enables remote control capabilities, communication, and coordination among the systems raises security vulnerability for many IoT devices. This study utilized DL algorithms, including deep belief networks and deep autoencoders, to perform an invasion detection application in IoT devices. The UNSW‐NB15 database, collected from a realistic network to evaluate cybersecurity applications, was utilized for training the DL models. The study aims to design a DL architecture for the implementation of secured IoT and to assess the performance and robustness of DL algorithms for detecting IoT‐based intrusions. The main contribution is SecureDeepNet‐IoT, which is an adaptive multikernel cybersecurity platform for sensing inputs. The SecureDeepNet‐IoT has achieved classification accuracy up to 95.05% and 94.39% for deep belief networks and deep neural networks, respectively. Deep autoencoder with extreme learning machine kernel has detected the IoT‐based invasion with accuracy rates of 97.86% and 98.15% for binary and multiinvasion classification, respectively. In addition to high generalization capability, the deep autoencoder kernel reached rapid enough speed in detecting abnormal sensing values in IoT.
A stabilized finite element method based on characteristic‐based polynomial pressure projection scheme for incompressible flows
Authors: Gao Guang‐Jun , Chen Qian‐Ru , Jiang Chen , Wang Tian‐Tian , Liu Ming‐Yang , Liu Gui‐Rong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a characteristic‐based polynomial pressure projection (CBP3) scheme is proposed to stabilize finite element method for solving incompressible laminar flow. The characteristic‐Galerkin (CG) method is adopted as the stabilization for convection caused oscillation in CBP3 scheme. The pressure oscillation caused by incompressible constraint is stabilized by the polynomial pressure projection (P3) technique. Proposed scheme is suitable for any element using the equal‐order approximation for velocity and pressure. In this paper, the linear triangular and bilinear quadrilateral elements are adopted. The constant pressure projection is used for triangular elements. The CBP3 formulations for quadrilateral element are derived using both constant and linear pressure projections. Besides, the quasi‐implicit second‐order time stepping is adopted. The verification of CBP3 scheme implementation and validation of CBP3 scheme are accomplished by calculating several benchmarks. The results of CBP3 scheme reveal that the linear pressure projection for quadrilateral element is not appropriate due to its severe pressure oscillation. The well‐agreed results of CBP3 scheme using constant pressure projection demonstrate its good stabilization for FEM to solve both low and relatively high Reynolds number flows.
Photo‐Induced Dihydroxylation of Alkenes with Diacetyl, Oxygen, and Water
Authors: Masuda Yusuke , Ikeshita Daichi , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein reported is a photo‐induced production of vicinal diols from alkenes under mild reaction conditions. The present dihydroxylation method using diacetyl (= butane‐2,3‐dione), oxygen, and water dispenses with toxic reagents and intractable waste generation.
FZD6 triggers Wnt–signalling driven by WNT10BIVS1 expression and highlights new targets in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Cassaro Adriana , Grillo Giovanni , Notaro Marco , Gliozzo Jessica , Esposito Ilaria , Reda Gianluigi , Trojani Alessandra , Valentini Giorgio , Di Camillo Barbara , Cairoli Roberto , Beghini Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWnt/Fzd signaling has been implicated in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and in acute leukemia establishment. In our previous work, we described a recurrent rearrangement involving the WNT10B locus (WNT10BR), characterized by the expression of WNT10BIVS1 transcript variant, in acute myeloid leukemia. To determine the occurrence of WNT10BR in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL), we retrospectively analyzed an Italian cohort of patients (n = 20) and detected a high incidence (13/20) of WNT10BIVS1 expression. To address genes involved in WNT10B molecular response, we have designed a Wnt‐targeted RNA sequencing panel. Identifying Wnt agonists and antagonists, it results that the expression of FZD6, LRP5, and PROM1 genes stands out in WNT10BIVS1 positive patients compared to negative ones. Using MOLT4 and MUTZ‐2 as leukemic cell models, which are characterized by the expression of WNT10BIVS1, we have observed that WNT10B drives major Wnt activation to the FZD6 receptor complex through receipt of ligand. Additionally, short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs)‐mediated gene silencing and small molecule‐mediated inhibition of WNTs secretion have been observed to interfere with the WNT10B/FZD6 interaction. We have therefore identified that WNT10BIVS1 knockdown, or pharmacological interference by the LGK974 porcupine (PORCN) inhibitor, reduces WNT10B/FZD6 protein complex formation and significantly impairs intracellular effectors and leukemic expansion. These results describe the molecular circuit induced by WNT10B and suggest WNT10B/FZD6 as a new target in the T‐ALL treatment strategy.
Long‐term clinical outcome and mortality risks after paclitaxel‐coated balloon angioplasty in patients with peripheral artery disease: An observational clinical study
Authors: Schahab Nadjib , Prengel Ann‐Kathrin , Mahn Thorsten , Schaefer Christian , Fimmers Rolf , Nickenig Georg , Zimmer Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsDrug‐eluting devices (DEDs) are usually used as a standard therapy for revascularization in femoropopliteal artery disease. Randomized controlled trails have found that DEDs with paclitaxel result in superior patency rates and decreased target lesion revascularization. A meta‐analysis by Katsanos et al indicated an increased long‐term mortality in patients treated with paclitaxel‐coated devices. The aim of this observational clinical study was to assess the long‐term clinical outcomes and mortality risk after paclitaxel‐coated balloon angioplasty in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 287 patients with peripheral interventions, including 173 drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasties and 114 plain old balloon angioplasties (POBA), performed at our center between 2015 and 2018.ResultsThere were no significant differences in mortality rates between patients who received DCB angioplasty and those who received POBA. In the first year, the hazard ratio (HR) for DCB angioplasty was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31 to 1.12, P = .104). After 2 years, this HR was 0.64 (95% CI 0.36‐1.17, P = .145), while the 3‐year and 4‐year HR increased to 0.71 and 1.30 (3‐year: 95% CI 0.37‐1.33, P = ,283; 4‐year: 95% CI 0.55‐3.08, P = .546). No paclitaxel dose‐response relationship with mortality rate was identified when adjusted for key predictors of mortality.ConclusionsAnalyses of patient level data identified no significant mortality differences between DCB angioplasty and POBA after 4 years of follow‐up. Furthermore, there was no dose‐response relationship between paclitaxel and mortality. These findings demonstrate that paclitaxel DCB is safe. Further long‐term multicenter studies are needed to determine the risk of late mortality.