bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When deliberation is not possible: Moral dilemmas in fundraising
Authors: Burgess Jessica , Hudson Jane , White John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtant literature highlights the importance of ethical fundraising, exacerbated by recent increased public attention and media criticism. Arguably this increased attention calls for a deeper examination and understanding of the types of moral scenarios and dilemmas fundraisers encounter. Furthermore, fundraisers are often under intense time pressure to solve the dilemma and thus require quick, on‐the‐spot decisions formulated from intuition. Currently there are limited resources and training to help fundraisers implement ethical fundraising in their work; additionally, there is negligible education or skills training to help guide them in scenarios requiring intuition. Moreover, current literature fails to examine what these situations entail and how fundraisers might use intuition to help solve ethical fundraising dilemmas. Fundraising dilemmas requiring the use of moral intuition are currently unexplored in the academic literature. Therefore this research identifies the kinds of moral dilemmas that require intuitive responses from fundraisers and examines how they are solved. Furthermore, we identify how the dilemmas align with moral foundations theory, and determine if they require intuitive responses. Semi‐structured interviews of fundraising experts were used to obtain detailed descriptions of a variety of moral dilemma situations that required intuitive responses. Using thematic analysis the moral dilemma scenarios were categorised into theoretical and practical themes. Theoretical themed results revealed dilemmas most often were the result of having to choose a response that aligned with two conflicting moral foundations: ingroup/loyalty and harm/care. The findings suggest that when fundraisers must make quick, intuitive decisions, they are often choosing between caring for an individual and demonstrating loyalty to their organisation. Furthermore, the results related to practical themes identified that dilemmas can also be categorised as involving certain types of fundraising activity and management decisions; such as major gifts, direct mail, and corporate fundraising, for example. The findings were used to create the first academic and practitioner moral dilemma measure that uses practical, applicable moral dilemmas to measure moral intuition amongst fundraisers. Our moral dilemma measure aligns responses with relevant categories of the moral foundations theory and can be used in further research. This research is original in that it is the first study to explore moral dilemmas requiring moral intuition within the population of fundraisers. Through obtaining tangible, realistic moral dilemma scenarios fundraisers encounter in the workplace, research can begin to look more closely at how fundraisers can be helped to solve dilemmas as part of their professional duties.
Constraint reformulations for set point optimization problems using fuzzy cognitive map models
Authors: Garzón Casado Alvaro , Cano Marchal Pablo , Wagner Christian , Gómez Ortega Juan , Gámez García Javier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe selection of optimal set points is an important problem in modern process control. Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) allow to construct models of complex processes using expert knowledge, which is particularly useful in situations where measuring the variables of interest online is problematic. These models can be used as constraints in optimization problems with the objective of determining optimal set points for those processes. This article presents a reformulation of the constraints imposed by the FCM models that reduces the complexity of the resulting optimization problem and enables the application of heuristic methods for its solution. Computational results show that the use of separable programming on the reformulated problem constitutes a very good alternative, both in terms of solution time and reliability in finding the optimum, enabling the application of FCM modeling to larger systems and easing the practical implementation of the approach.
Comparison of electrochemical behavior of composites based on graphene oxide, poly‐o‐phenylenediamine, and heteropolyacids
Authors: Pisarevskaya Elena Yu. , L. Klyuev Alexey , N. Efimov Oleg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of electroactive composites based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (PPD) and heteropolyacids (HPA) (silicotungstic [SiW] and phosphotungstic [PW]) was comparatively studied by means of cyclic voltammetry (CVA), charge–discharge galvanostatic curves, and electrochemical impedance. The composites were applied to planar screen‐printed carbon electrodes as the first step to creating various devices, in particular, sensors based on novel composites. Like RGO‐PPD‐SiW composites, RGO‐PPD‐PW composites also exhibit several redox transitions. With respect to the method of synthesis (order of applying components), RGO‐PPD‐PW can exhibit the properties of a mediator catalyst as was demonstrated for example of the redox transition in the quinone‐hydroquinone couple, where reversibility is significantly enhanced by conducting the reaction on a RGO‐PPD‐PW‐modified electrode.
Obtainment of bacterial cellulose with added propolis extract for cosmetic applications
Authors: Amorim Júlia D. P. , Nascimento Helenise A. , Silva Junior Cláudio José G. , Medeiros Alexandre D. M. , Silva Ivo Diego L. , Costa Andréa Fernanda S. , Vinhas Glória Maria , Sarubbo Leonie A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile material produced by microorganisms in the form of a hydrogel film with high water retention capacity, porosity, and mechanical strength. BC can incorporate and release substances, making it an interesting polymer for use in the cosmetic and biomedical industries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of a bacterium for the production of cellulose films in which propolis extract was added in situ and ex situ (during and after membrane production, respectively) with promising use as a skincare product. The bacteriumGluconacetobacter hanseniiwas grown in standard Hestrin–Schramm (HS) medium as well as HS medium with propolis extract for 7 days. A radiolytic process with60Co was investigated as a safe sterilization method. The average yield was 120.55 ± 2.40 g of cellulose/L. The polymeric system exhibited antioxidant activity (15.16% inhibition of oxidant activity) and high water‐retention capacity (98.01 ± 0.17%). In conclusion, natural additives can provide the antioxidant characteristics of BC. Moreover, gamma irradiation proved to be an effective sterilization method, while maintaining the properties of the material.
Current advances in polyurethane biodegradation
Authors: Jin Xuerui , Dong Jixin , Guo Xufan , Ding Mingzhu , Bao Rui , Luo Yunzi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile plastics bring convenience to industrial production and daily life, serious environmental problems are always accompanied. Polyurethane is an important polymeric material with versatile applications, but it also accounts for severe plastic contamination worldwide. Since it is difficult for polyurethanes to be completely degraded under natural conditions, the discovery of polyurethane‐degrading microorganisms and correlative ‘polyurethanase’ enzymes brings hope to polyurethane biodegradation. Polyurethane materials can be divided into two major types: polyester‐polyurethane and polyether‐polyurethane. In this review, we summarize the biodegradation mechanisms of these two types of polyurethane and recent research progress on the biodegradation of polyurethane via both microorganisms and enzymes. Furthermore, solutions that could be taken into consideration for the biodegradation of polyurethane in the future are also discussed. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
The study of plasma effects on quinine solutions
Authors: Procházková Michaela , Pawlat Joanna , Krčma František , Kozáková Zdenka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study compares the effects of nonthermal plasma treatment on quinine water solutions for two configurations—the corona‐like discharge and the gliding arc discharge (GAD). Different electrolytes were added to the quinine solutions to modify the initial pH and enhance electrical conductivity for plasma discharge ignition directly in the liquid. A slightly higher quinine decomposition rate of 2.9 μg W−1 after 5 min of the treatment was achieved by GAD. From measured spectra, it was found that the absorption maximum at 332 nm was split into two separated peaks in the acidic and basic solution. The study of the time stability of quinine solutions has revealed quinine instability and that postpreparation time has influenced the plasma treatment effect.
Comparison of in vitro and in vivo binding site competition of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 proteins in two important maize pests
Authors: Hernández‐Martínez Patricia , Bretsnyder Eric C , Baum James A , Haas Jeff A , Head Graham P , Jerga Agoston , Ferré Juan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBinding site models, derived from in vitro competition binding studies, have been widely used for predicting potential cross‐resistance among insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. However, because discrepancies have been found between binding data and observed cross‐resistance patterns in some insect species, new tools are required to study the functional relevance of the shared binding sites.RESULTSHere, an in vivo approach has been applied to the competition studies to establish the functional relevance of shared binding sites as determined by in vitro competition assays. Using Cry disabled proteins as competitors in mixed protein overlay assays, we assessed the preference of Cry1Ab, Cry1Fa, and Cry1A.105 proteins for shared binding sites in vivo in two important corn pests, Ostrinia nubilalis and Spodoptera frugiperda.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that in vivo and in vitro binding site competition assays can provide useful information to better ascertain whether different Cry proteins share binding sites and, consequently, whether cross‐resistance due to binding site alteration can occur. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Quercetin attenuates the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide regimen and potentiates its chemotherapeutic effect against triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Puwei , Zhang Jianing , Zhao Lin , Li Shizheng , Li Kun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDoxorubicin combined with cyclophosphamide (AC) is the most commonly used regimen for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) chemotherapy; however, its clinical application is severely limited by its serious adverse effect on cardiomyocytes. The cardiotoxicity of AC is mainly the result of oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, and it also involves multiple signaling pathways. Quercetin (Que) has been proven to possess strong antioxidant activity, and therefore we investigated whether it had potential protective effect against AC‐induced cardiotoxicity. Meanwhile, we also evaluated its effect on the antitumor activity of AC. Our in vitro studies showed that Que could attenuate AC‐induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting ROS accumulation and activating ERK1/2 pathway in cardiomyocytes, but interestingly, Que could enhance the antitumor activity of AC by inhibiting ROS accumulation and ERK1/2 pathway in TNBC cells. In addition, our in vivo studies further confirmed that Que could enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of AC against TNBC while it reduced the injury of cardiotoxicity induced by AC. Therefore, Que could be used as a novel agent for the treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by AC regimen in TNBC chemotherapy.
Linear and second‐order nonlinear optical properties of non‐fullerene acceptor derivatives with A–D–A structure
Authors: Gong Lijing , Xu Jing , Li Chunping , Zhang Xiangyu , Jiang Zhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, in order to study the relationship between structure and performance, four new non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) derivatives were designed based on the two reported NFA molecules BO‐4Cl and BTP‐S2 by replacing the benzothiadiazole unit with a less‐electron deficient benzotriazole unit and inserting another ethylene double bond between the central core and the terminal groups. Density functional theory (DFT) and Time‐dependent DFT were applied to investigate linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, such as electronic structure, electronic absorption, reorganization energy, and the second‐order NLO properties. The investigation demonstrates that they are all narrow bandgap derivatives, the absorption spectrum extends to the near‐infrared region and using two ethylene double bond is the most effective way to reduce the energy gap, redshift the maximum absorption peak and the middle absorption band, and enhance second‐order NLO response. Considering the smaller electron and hole reorganization energy and the larger static first hyperpolarizability value, the studied NFA derivatives have great potential to become ambipolar charge transport materials and large second‐order NLO materials.
Event‐triggered model‐free adaptive control for nonlinear cyber‐physical systems with false data injection attacks
Authors: Ma Yong‐Sheng , Che Wei‐Wei , Deng Chao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article studies the event‐triggered model‐free adaptive control (ET‐MFAC) problem for a class of nonlinear cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) in the case of false data injection (FDI) attacks. The nonlinear CPSs are transformed into an equivalent linear data model, in which the nonlinear characteristics of the system are compressed into a pseudo partial derivative parameter. Then, a novel ET‐MFAC framework under FDI attacks is established and the event‐triggered mechanism is designed to save the communication resources. Based on the designed ET‐MFAC framework with FDI attacks, a new ET‐MFAC algorithm is developed to track the reference trajectory under FDI attacks. The developed control algorithm only depends on the input and output data of the system and has nothing to do with the structure of the system, which makes the result with good robustness. Finally, a simulation is given to illustrate the validity of the developed ET‐MFAC algorithm.
Quantum software testing: State of the art
Authors: García de la Barrera Antonio , García‐Rodríguez de Guzmán Ignacio , Polo Macario , Piattini Mario 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantum computing is expected to exponentially outperform classic computing on a broad set of problems, including encryption, machine learning, and simulations. It has an impact yet to explore on all software lifecycle's processes and techniques. Testing quantum software raises a significant number of challenges due to the unique properties of quantum physics—such as superposition and entanglementand the stochastic behavior of quantum systems. It is, therefore, an open research issue. In this work, we offer a systematic mapping study of quantum software testing engineering, presenting a comprehensive view of the current state of the art. The main identified trends in testing techniques are (1) the statistic approaches based on repeated measurements and (2) the use of Hoare‐like logics to reason about software correctness. Another relevant line of research is reversible circuit testing, which is partially applicable to quantum software unitary testing. Finally, we have observed a flourishing of secondary studies and frameworks supporting testing processes from 2018 onwards.
Oxide Scale Sublimation Chemical Vapor Deposition for Controllable Growth of Monolayer MoS2 Crystals
Authors: Yang Xu , Li Shisheng , Ikeda Naoki , Sakuma Yoshiki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA newly developed oxide scale sublimation chemical vapor deposition (OSSCVD) technique for 2D MoS2 growth is reported. Gaseous MoO3, which is supplied separately from H2S, can be generated in situ by flowing O2 over Mo metal with oxidation and sublimation processes. In this method, particularly, controllably and abruptly modulating the supply of MoO3 is achievable by precisely tuning O2 flow. Having appropriate conditions, where the generation rate of MoO3 on the Mo metal surface is not larger than its sublimation rate, is critical to enable stable growth. Otherwise, MoS2 deposition can be caused by accumulated MoO3 on the metal surface, regardless of oxygen supply. Proof‐of‐concept experiments with varied process parameters are conducted, confirming OSSCVD enables MoS2 growth with significantly improved flexibility, controllability, and reproducibility relative to conventional powder‐source CVD. By utilizing alkali‐aluminosilicate glass, Dragontrail, as catalytic substrate, single‐crystalline MoS2 triangular domains as large as 25 µm are obtained, followed by a fully covered monolayer on Dragontrail in 25 min. Substrate pretreatment by H2S yields enlarged domain size and reduced domain density, owning to the extracted alkali metals from Dragontrail into the growth zone. The study opens new avenues for the controllable growth of high‐quality MoS2 and other transition metal dichalcogenides.
Dual Functions of Performance Improvement and Lead Leakage Mitigation of Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid
Authors: Hu Yanqiang , He Zhengyan , Jia Xiangrui , Zhang Shufang , Tang Yanfeng , Wang Jin , Wang Minmin , Sun Guangping , Yuan Guoliang , Han Liyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the continuous improvement of performance of lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the potential harm of water‐soluble lead ion (Pb2+) to environment and public health is emerging as a major obstacle to their commercialization. Herein, an amphoteric phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBSA) that is almost insoluble in water is added to the perovskite precursor to simultaneously regulate crystallization growth, passivate defects, and mitigate lead leakage of high‐performance PSCs. Through systematic research, it is found that PBSA can not only regulate the crystallization of perovskite grains to form the film, but also passivate the defects of annealed films mainly due to the strong interaction between the functional groups in PBSA and Pb2+, which greatly improves the crystallinity and stability of perovskite films. Consequently, the highest power conversion efficiency of 23.27% is achieved in 0.09 cm2 devices and 15.31% is obtained for large‐area modules with an aperture area of 19.32 cm2, along with negligible hysteresis and improved stability. Moreover, the leakage of lead ions from unpackaged devices is effectively prevented owing to the strong coupling between PBSA molecules and water‐soluble Pb2+ to form insoluble complexes in water, which is of great significance to promote the application of optoelectronic devices based on lead‐based perovskite materials.
QuantumPath: A quantum software development platform
Authors: Hevia Jose Luis , Peterssen Guido , Piattini Mario 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantum computing has experienced a breakthrough. Several companies are taking up the challenge of designing and manufacturing quantum computers, and the supply of tools for quantum software development is growing all the time. This article addresses quantum software development toolkits and introduces the ‘QuantumPath’ platform. In developing QuantumPath, our aim is to fulfil certain principles such as: agnosticism, extensibility, integration, independency, optimisation, scalability, security, usability and software engineering support. This article presents both the architecture itself as well as the main tools that compose QuantumPath, in order to illustrate the support which platform provides to the development and execution of quantum software.
Toward a novel engine for compiler optimization space exploration of big data workloads
Authors: Ahmed Hameeza , Ismail Muhammad Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, big data specific technologies have been emerging, includingdomain‐specific languages,software frameworks,databases,third‐party libraries, and so forth. These techniques are successful in concealing the low‐level details by producing high‐level code, which is passed through the conventional compilation cycle for generating hardware operable code. Several optimization opportunities exist in the compiler which can assist in meeting the processing deadlines of big data workloads, through optimized machine code. However, the existing iterative compilation techniques are not enough for the exploration of big data applications. In this regard, anovel enginehas been presented for exploiting the compiler optimization space of big data workloads. The engine is comprised oftrainingandtestingphases. During the training stage, the big data application is optimized withMitigates the Compiler Phase‐ordering (MiCOMP)andgenetic algorithm (GA)optimization sequences, which are executed with train datasets. In the testing stage, the test datasets are executed only for the best 300 optimization sequences discovered at the training stage. The proposed engine has been tested withgraph mining,machine learning, andtext searchcategories of big data applications using a wide range of real‐world and synthetic datasets. Overall, the engine is,, andfaster than Iterative Optimization for the Data Center (IODC), MiCOMP, and GA respectively in exploiting the compiler search space for big data workloads. Further, the integration ofbest‐10andbest‐3techniques with the engine brings a speedup ofand. The compiler level exploitation of general‐purpose machines incurs no extra overhead, no heavy computing, and no personnel cost. Also, the overall performance of big data specialized software solutions can be enhanced by compiling their high‐level code with suitable compiler optimizations.
The power of supervision in (re)socializing student affairs educators
Authors: Perez Rosemary J. , Haley Jarett D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article explores supervision as a form of professional socialization. Accordingly, we provide an overview of socialization theories before examining the role of supervisors in (re)socializing student affairs educators to norms, values, and standards of good practice in the field and in their workplaces over the span of their careers.