bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Groundwater Model Calibration with Repeat Microgravity Measurements
Authors: Kennedy Jeffrey R. , Wildermuth Libby , Knight Jacob E. , Larsen Joshua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGroundwater‐flow models depend on hydraulic head and flux observations for evaluation and calibration. A different type of observation—change in storage measured using repeat microgravity—can also be used for parameter estimation by simulating the expected change in gravity from a groundwater model and including the observation misfit in the objective function. The method is demonstrated using new software linked to MODFLOW input and output files and field data from the vicinity of the All American Canal in southeast California, USA. Over a 10‐year period following lining of the previously highly permeable canal with concrete, gravity decreased by over 100 μGal (equivalent to about 2.5 m of free‐standing water) at some locations as seepage decreased and the remnant groundwater mound dissipated into the aquifer or was removed by groundwater pumping. Simulated gravity from a MODFLOW model closely matched observations, and repeat microgravity data proved useful for constraining both hydraulic conductivity and specific yield estimates. Specific yield estimated using the infinite‐horizontal slab approximation agreed well with model‐derived values, and the departure from the linear, flat‐water‐table approximation was small, less than 2%, despite relatively large and dynamic water‐table slope. First‐order second‐moment parameter uncertainty analysis shows reduction in uncertainty for all hydraulic conductivity and specific yield parameter estimates with the addition of repeat microgravity data, as compared to drawdown data alone.
Switch/sucrose‐non‐fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex (SMARCA4, SMARCA2, INI1/SMARCB1)‐deficient colorectal carcinomas are strongly associated with microsatellite instability: an incidence study in 4508 colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Ahadi Mahsa S , Fuchs Talia L , Clarkson Adele , Sheen Amy , Sioson Loretta , Chou Angela , Gill Anthony J 
Published: December 2021

AimsLoss of expression of mammalian switch/sucrose‐non‐fermentable (SWI/SNF) [BRG1/BRM‐associated factor (BAF)] complex subunits, including SMARCA4, SMARCA2 and INI1/SMARCB1 (termed SWI/SNF complex deficiency), has been reported in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) but its frequency and clinical significance are uncertain.Methods and resultsWe performed immunohistochemistry for SMARCA4, SMARCA2 and SMARCB1 on 4508 consecutive resected CRCs. Loss of SMARCA4 expression was found in 13 cases (0.3%), loss of SMARCA2 expression was found in 59 cases (1.3%), and loss of SMARCB1 expression was found in 21 cases (0.4%). Some CRCs showed loss of expression of more than one subunit, so that 84 CRCs (1.7%) were deficient for at least one component. SWI/SNF complex deficiency was associated with higher grade, a right‐sided location, mismatch repair deficiency, and BRAF V600E mutation (P < 0.05); 5.8% of mismatch repair‐deficient (MMRd) cases and 5.4% of BRAF V600E‐mutant cases were SWI/SNF complex‐deficient, as compared with 0.9% and 0.4% of mismatch repair‐proficient and BRAF‐wild‐type cases (P < 0.001). Any loss of SMARCB1 expression and global loss of SMARCA2 expression were associated with statistically significant worse overall survival, whereas SMARCA4‐deficient cases showed a trend only towards poor overall survival (P = 0.121). In multivariate analysis, any loss of SMARCA4 expression and global loss of SMARCA2 expression were associated with worse survival [odds ratio (OR) 3.33, P = 0.019; and OR 3.39, P < 0.001]. Of particular note, among the subgroup of cases that were MMRd and BRAF V600E‐mutated (otherwise considered to be a good prognostic group), loss of SMARCA4 expression was associated with much worse median survival (10.5 months versus 110.9 months; P = 0.003).ConclusionsSWI/SNF complex deficiency is rare in CRC but is enriched in MMRd cases. Identifying these cases has morphological associations and prognostic significance, and in the future may have potential therapeutic implications.
Women’s experiences of restrictive interventions within inpatient mental health services: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Scholes Amy , Price Owen , Berry Katherine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRestrictive interventions (RI), such as physical restraint, seclusion, and rapid tranquilization, can have negative psychological effects on service users; however, there has been little investigation regarding their effects on women. The aim of this paper was to explore women’s experiences of RI within UK inpatient mental health services. Twenty women accessing inpatient mental health services participated in semi‐structured interviews. Using thematic analysis (TA), three primary themes were reported from women’s experiences: (1) powerlessness, (2) dehumanization, and (3) relationships and communication. Clinical recommendations included ensuring gender‐awareness and trauma‐informed care training is mandatory for all mental health staff, for RI training to include awareness of gender differences, and for policies to be reviewed with regard to women being invasively searched and ensuring sanitary products are safely available for women within seclusion. Directions for future research include investigating the experiences of RI for women from minority ethnic groups and exploring important moderators and mediators in the relationship between RI and re‐traumatization for women.
Domains of delirium severity in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Schulman‐Green Dena , Hshieh Tammy , Adamis Dimitrios , Avidan Michael S. , Blazer Dan G. , Fick Donna M. , Oh Esther , Morandi Alessandro , Price Catherine , Verghese Joe , Schmitt Eva M. , Jones Richard N. , Inouye Sharon K. ,   For the BASIL Study Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to rate delirium severity is key to providing optimal care for persons with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Such ratings would allow clinicians to assess response to treatment, recovery time and prognosis, nursing burden and staffing needs, and to provide nuanced, appropriate patient‐centered care. Given the lack of existing tools, we defined content domains for a new delirium severity instrument for use in individuals with mild to moderate ADRD, the DEL‐S‐AD.MethodsWe built upon our previous study in which we created a content domain framework to inform development of a general delirium severity instrument, the DEL‐S. We engaged a new expert panel to discuss issues of measurement in delirium and dementia and to determine which content domains from the prior framework were useful in characterizing delirium severity in ADRD. We also asked panelists to identify new domains. Our panel included eight interdisciplinary members with expertise in delirium and dementia. Panelists participated in two rounds of review followed by two surveys over 2 months.ResultsPanelists endorsed the same content domains as for general delirium severity, including Cognitive, Level of Consciousness, Inattention, Psychiatric‐Behavioral, Emotional Dysregulation, Psychomotor Features, and Functional; however, they excluded six of the original subdomains which they considered unhelpful in the context of ADRD: cognitive impairment; anxiety; fear/sense of unease; depression; gait/walking; and incontinence. Debated measurement challenges included assessment at one point in time versus over time, accounting for differences in clinical settings, and accurate assessment of symptoms related to delirium versus dementia.ConclusionsBy capturing a range of characteristics of delirium severity potentially present in patients with ADRD, a population that may already have attention, functional, and emotional changes at baseline, the DEL‐S‐AD provides a novel rating tool that will be useful for clinical and research purposes to improve patient care.
Prospective assessment of dementia on transitions in homeboundness using multistate Markov models
Authors: Ornstein Katherine A. , Liu Shelley H. , Husain Mohammed , Ankuda Claire K. , Bollens‐Lund Evan , Kelley Amy S. , Garrido Melissa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne in 20 older adults in the United States is homebound and rarely/never leaves home. Although being homebound decreases the quality of the lived experience of individuals with serious illnesses, little is known about the frequency or likelihood of transitions in or out of homebound status. The objective of this study was to characterize the probability of transitions to and from homebound status among older adults and examine the relationship between dementia status and homebound transitions.MethodsUsing 2011–2018 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative longitudinal study of aging in the United States, we identified 6375 community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries. Homebound status (independent, semi‐homebound (leaving home but with difficulty or help), homebound (rarely or never leaving home), nursing home resident, dead) was assessed annually via self‐report. Transition probabilities across states were assessed using a multistate Markov model.ResultsLess than half of homebound individuals remain homebound (probability = 41.5% [95% CI: 39.2%, 43.5%]) after 1 year. One out of four dies (24% [22.3%, 26.0%]) and there is a low probability (3.2% [2.5%, 4.1%]) of transition to a nursing home. Dementia status was associated with increased risk of progression from independence to homebound status (HR: 1.83 [1.01, 3.34]). Dementia was consistently associated with increased probabilities of transitions to death including a two‐fold increased hazards of progression from homebound to death (HR: 2.18 [1.69, 2.81]). Homebound individuals with dementia have a 34.2% [25.8%, 48.1%] probability of death in 5 years, compared with 17.4% [13.7%, 24.3%] among those without dementia.DiscussionDementia is associated with greater risk of transitioning across homebound states. There is a greater need to support home‐based care for patients with dementia, especially as the ongoing COVID pandemic has raised concerns about the need to invest in alternative models to nursing home care.
The Optimal Inflation Rate with Discount Factor Heterogeneity
Authors: LEPETIT ANTOINE 
Published: December 2021

AbstractI show that adding an overlapping generations structure to the canonical New Keynesian model can generate an optimal inflation rate that is significantly positive. In a baseline calibration of the model, the optimal inflation target is comprised between 0.8% and 3.2% in annual terms. In this framework, deviations from long‐run price stability are optimal because the rate at which firms discount future profit flows naturally differs from the rate at which the planner discounts future utility flows.
The Social Value of Information: A Test of a Beauty and Nonbeauty Contest
Authors: LUSTENBERGER THOMAS , ROSSI ENZO 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate how the precision of public and private information can be measured and their welfare implications can be assessed. To this end, we develop and apply a procedure to test welfare results from a beauty and nonbeauty contest model based on survey forecasts of interest rates in a large country sample over an extended period of time. In most countries, interest rate forecasts are unbiased. In half of the countries, a higher precision of public information regarding interest rates increases welfare. This applies in particular to small open and emerging market economies. During forward guidance, public information is less precise than private information. On average, forecasters place greater weight on public than private information and rapidly correct errors contained in private information, while errors in public information last over the whole forecast horizon.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate by formulas in patients with cirrhosis: An unreliable procedure
Authors: González‐Alayón Carlos , Porrini Esteban , Luis‐Lima Sergio , Negrín‐Mena Natalia , Moreno Miguel , Morales‐Arráez Dalia , González‐Rinne Federico , Díaz‐Martín Laura , Gaspari Flavio , González‐Delgado Alejandra , Ferrer‐Moure Carmen , Ortiz‐Arduán Alberto , Hernandez‐Guerra Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsIn cirrhosis, the reliability of formulas that estimate renal function, either those specifically developed in this population or the classic equations, has not been properly quantified. We studied the agreement between estimated (eGFR) and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in cirrhosis.MethodsRenal function was estimated with 56 formulas including specific equations: Glomerular Filtration Rate Assessment in Liver Disease (GRAIL), Royal Free Hospital Cirrhosis (RFHC) and Mindikoglu‐eGFR, and measured with a gold standard procedure; plasma clearance of iohexol using dried blood spots sampling in a group of cirrhotics. The agreement eGFR‐mGFR was evaluated with specific tests: total deviation index (TDI), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and coverage probability (CP). We defined acceptable agreement as values: TDI < 10%, CCC ≥ 0.9 and CP > 90%.ResultsA total of 146 patients (age 65 ± 9 years, 81% male) were evaluated; 61 (42%) Child A, 67 (46%) Child B and 18 (12%) Child C. Median MELD‐Na was 14 (9‐15). The agreement between eGFR and mGFR was poor: TDI averaged was of 73% (90% of the estimations ranged from ±73% of mGFR); CCC averaged was 0.7 indicating low concordance and CP averaged 22% indicating that 78% of the estimations have an error > 10%. Specific formulas showed also poor agreement: TDI was 82%, 70% and 37% for the GRAIL, RFHC and Mindikoglu equations, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, formulas poorly estimated renal function in cirrhotic patients. Specific formulas designed for cirrhosis did not outperform classic equations. eGFR must be considered with caution in cirrhotic patients.
Bounded reflectivism and epistemic identity
Authors: Byrd Nick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReflectivists consider reflective reasoning crucial for good judgment and action. Anti‐reflectivists deny that reflection delivers what reflectivists seek. Alas, the evidence is mixed. So, does reflection confer normative value or not? This paper argues for a middle way: reflection can confer normative value, but its ability to do this is bound by factors such as what we might callepistemic identity: an identity that involves particular beliefs—for example, religious and political identities. We may reflectively defend our identities’ beliefs rather than reflect open‐mindedly to adopt whatever beliefs cohere with the best arguments and evidence. Thisbounded reflectivismis explicated with an algorithmic model of reflection synthesized from philosophy and science that yields testable predictions, psychometric implications, and realistic metaphilosophical suggestions—for example, overcoming motivated reflection may require embracing epistemic identity rather than veiling it (à la Rawls 1971). So bounded reflectivism should be preferred to views offering anything less.
Increasing Incidence of mucormycosis in Spanish inpatients from 1997 to 2018
Authors: Parra Fariñas Raúl , Alonso‐Sardón Montserrat , Velasco‐Tirado Virginia , Pérez Inmaculada Galindo , Carbonell Cristina , Álvarez Artero Elisa , Romero‐Alegría Ángela , Pardo‐Lledías Javier , Belhassen‐García Moncef 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMucormycosis is a worldwide angio‐invasive fungal infection that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A few European studies have focused on the epidemiology.MethodologyA retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was performed with inpatients diagnosed with mucormycosis (ICD‐9‐CM, code 117.7, cases 1997‐2015; and ICD‐10, code B46, cases 2016‐2018; along with length of hospital stay) in Spanish public hospitals between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2018. Data were obtained from the Minimum Basic Data Set (CMBD in Spanish).Principal findingsA total of 962 patients were recorded; 665 were men. The mean age (±SD) was 55 ± 18.8 years. The annual incidence rate increased from 0.74 to 1.24 cases per million person‐years. The lethality rate was 31.3%. Renal failure (41.6%) and haematological malignancy (36.3%) were the main factors involved.ConclusionsMucormycosis is a rare infectious disease in Spain, but it has had a significantly increased incidence in the last two decades. Being an adult male and having diabetes, neoplasm or renal failure are the main factors associated. High mortality is usually associated mainly with haematological malignancy and renal failure. CMBD studies could be an efficient tool for assessing changes in the epidemiology of mucormycosis.
The interplay between math anxiety and working memory on math performance: a longitudinal study
Authors: Pellizzoni Sandra , Cargnelutti Elisa , Cuder Alessandro , Passolunghi Maria Chiara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMathematical skills are essential to mastering everyday activities, making professional choices, and exercising citizenship in a numerate society. There is extensive evidence of the relationship between math anxiety (MA) and working memory (WM) influencing
math attainment. Studies have mainly considered adult samples, however, leaving primary school children almost unexplored. This study is a first attempt to examine how the complex interplay between MA and WM affects math achievement from a developmental perspective. A total of 148 third graders were assessed with WM, general anxiety (GA), MA, and math tasks. Anxiety and WM were assessed at the beginning of the school year when children started attending grade 3, while math achievement was tested twice at the start of grades 3 and 4. The findings seem to confirm that GA has both a direct and an indirect effect (mediated by WM) on math performance in third and fourth graders. MA has a direct effect on math performance in grade 4, but only an indirect effect in grade 3, suggesting MA has a developmental trajectory, becoming stronger over time. The implications in the educational setting are discussed, pointing to the importance of a combined intervention on MA and WM.
Novelty exposure induces stronger sensorimotor representations during a manual adaptation task
Authors: Ruitenberg Marit F. L. , Koppelmans Vincent , Seidler Rachael D. , Schomaker Judith 
Published: December 2021

AbstractActive exploration of novel spatial environments enhances memory for subsequently presented explicit, declarative information in humans. These effects have been attributed to novelty promoting dopamine release via mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways in the brain. As procedural motor learning has been linked to dopamine as well, we predict that novelty effects extend to this domain. To test this hypothesis, the present study examined whether spatial novelty exploration benefits subsequent sensorimotor adaptation. Participants explored either two different virtual environments (i.e., novelty condition; n = 210) or two identical environments (i.e., familiar condition; n = 253). They then performed a manual adaptation task in which they had to adapt joystick movements to a visual perturbation. We assessed the rate of adaptation following the introduction of this perturbation, and the rate of deadaptation following its removal. While results showed reliable adaptation patterns and similar adaptation rates across both conditions, individuals in the novelty condition showed slower deadaptation. This suggests that exposure to spatial novelty induced stronger sensorimotor representations during adaptation, potentially through novelty‐induced dopaminergic effects in mesocortical and/or nigrostriatal pathways. Novelty exposure may be employed to promote motor learning on tasks that require precision movements in altered sensory contexts, for example, in astronauts moving in microgravity or patients with impaired motor processing.
Fake Dispositional Sentences: Manley and Wasserman's Misstep
Authors: Choi Sungho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractManley and Wasserman's PROP account of dispositions has been influential in the recent debate about the nature of dispositions. In this paper, I will bring under scrutiny one crucial step in Manley and Wasserman's reasoning leading to the PROP account. The step is one where they abandon what they call ‘MOST’, the idea that x is disposed to M when C iff x would M in most cases where C obtains. I will argue below, however, that this step is invalid.
Public health nursing education in Ireland and Norway: A comparative analysis
Authors: Mulcahy Helen , Leahy‐Warren Patricia , Laholt Hilde , Philpott Lloyd Frank , Bergvoll Lise‐Marie , Clancy Anne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPublic health, primary health care, and nursing are founding principles of public health nursing. Thus, the underpinning curriculum needs to reflect these core principles. Public health nursing educators sought to delve deeper into curricula and training of public health nurse (PHNs) in Ireland and NorwayObjectiveTo compare PHNs’ educational training in Ireland and Norway through a collaborative processDesignThis study used a descriptive comparative designSampleA panel of expert educators (the authors) compared national Public health nursing education strategies, guidelines, and curricula used to train PHN studentsResultsFour core categories emerged from the analysis: general characteristics, theoretical and empirical knowledge base for PHNs practice, applying theory to clinical practice, and professional/ethical dimensions for practice. Results revealed more similarities than differences in both countries’ educational models. The central difference related to the specialist role in Norway versus the generalist role in IrelandConclusionsWorkforce requirements drive the delivery of Public Health Nursing programs and educational curricula. However, it is imperative that educators evaluate their curricula in terms of fitness and practice, not just purpose.