bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha‐actinin‐4 (ACTN4) gene amplification is a predictive biomarker for adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur/uracil in stage I lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Noro Rintaro , Honda Kazufumi , Nagashima Kengo , Motoi Noriko , Kunugi Shinobu , Matsubayashi Jun , Takeuchi Susumu , Shiraishi Hideaki , Okano Tetsuya , Kashiro Ayumi , Meng Xue , Yoshida Yukihiro , Watanabe Shunichi , Usuda Jitsuo , Inoue Tatsuya , Wilber Huang , Ikeda Norihiko , Seike Masahiro , Gemma Akihiko , Kubota Kaoru 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough adjuvant tegafur/uracil (UFT) is recommended for patients with completely resected stage I non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan, only one‐third of cases has received adjuvant chemotherapy (ADJ) according to real‐world data. Therefore, robust predictive biomarkers for selecting ADJ or observation (OBS) without ADJ are needed. Patients who underwent complete resection of stage I lung adenocarcinoma with or without adjuvant UFT were enrolled. The status of ACTN4 gene amplification was analyzed by FISH. Statistical analyses to determine whether the status of ACTN4 gene amplification affected recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were carried out. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples from 1136 lung adenocarcinomas were submitted for analysis of ACTN4 gene amplification. Ninety‐nine (8.9%) of 1114 cases were positive for ACTN4 gene amplification. In the subgroup analysis of patients aged 65 years or older, the ADJ group had better RFS than the OBS group in the ACTN4‐positive cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 0.084, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.009‐0.806; P = .032). The difference in RFS between the ADJ group and the OBS group was not significant in ACTN4‐negative cases (all ages: HR, 1.214; 95% CI, 0.848‐1.738; P = .289). Analyses of ACTN4 gene amplification contributed to the decision regarding postoperative ADJ for stage I lung adenocarcinomas, preventing recurrence, improving the quality of medical care, preventing the unnecessary side‐effects of ADJ, and saving medical costs.
Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation for cataract surgery after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty
Authors: Pellegrini Marco , Furiosi Luca , Salgari Niccolò , D'Angelo Sergio , Zauli Giorgio , Yu Angeli Christy , Busin Massimo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of intraocular lens power (IOL) formulas for cataract surgery after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).MethodsThis retrospective study included eyes which had previously undergone DALK and underwent standard phacoemulsification with monofocal IOL implantation between January 2012 and January 2021 at Ospedali Privati Forlì “Villa Igea” (Forlì, Italy). The predicted spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated using the Barrett Universal II, Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO), Haigis, Hoffer Q, Hoffer QST, Holladay 1, Holladay II, Kane and SRK/T formulas. Prediction error (PE) was calculated as the actual postoperative SE refraction minus the SE predicted refraction.ResultsEighty‐two eyes of 82 patients were included. The mean PE was negative using all formulas. Friedman test revealed a statistically significant difference of the median absolute PE (MedAE) among the different IOL formulas (P = 0.005). On the basis of the MedAE, the formulas were ranked as follows: SRK/T (0.805 D), Kane (0.810 D), EVO (0.845 D), Hoffer QST (0.847 D), Barrett (0.895 D), Holladay 1 (0.915 D), Haigis (1.010 D) and Hoffer Q (1.070 D) formulas.ConclusionsAll formulas had a tendency towards a myopic refractive shift in post‐DALK eyes. Although the SRK/T, Kane, EVO and Hoffer QST formulas were more accurate, predictability of refractive outcomes was lower than in virgin eyes.
Young children spontaneously devise an optimal external solution to a cognitive problem
Authors: Armitage Kristy L. , Taylor Alex H. , Suddendorf Thomas , Redshaw Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetacognition plays an essential role in adults’ cognitive offloading decisions. Despite possessing basic metacognitive capacities, however, preschool‐aged children often fail to offload effectively. Here, we introduced 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds to a novel search task in which they were unlikely to perform optimally across trials without setting external reminders about the location of a target. Children watched as an experimenter first hid a target in one of three identical opaque containers. The containers were then shuffled out of view before children had to guess where the target was hidden. In the test phase, children could perform perfectly by simply placing a marker in a transparent jar attached to the target container prior to shuffling, and then later selecting the marked container. Children of all ages used this external strategy above chance levels if they had seen it demonstrated to them, but only the 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds independently devised the strategy to improve their future performance. These results suggest that, when necessary for optimal performance, even 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds can use metacognitive knowledge about their own future uncertainty to deploy effective external solutions.
Prevalence and factors associated with atrial mitral and tricuspid regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gual‐Capllonch Francisco , Cediel Germán , Teis Albert , Ferrer‐Sistach Elena , Borrellas Andrea , Juncà Gladys , Vallejo Nuria , López‐Ayerbe Jorge , Kasa Pla‐Esperanzi Gizem , Bayes‐Genis Antoni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of atrial tricuspid regurgitation (ATR) and atrial mitral regurgitation (AMR) in the setting of atrial fibrillation (AFib) and identify variables related to the severity of both types of regurgitation.MethodsCross‐sectional study evaluating data from transthoracic echocardiograms performed during 2019. We included patients with AFib during the examination, and without primary valve disease or other significant heart disease.ResultsFour‐hundred and thirty‐two patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (mean age 77.5±9.2 years, 49.1% women). We observed significant ATR in 14.8%, and significant AMR in 1.4% of patients. ATR and AMR severities were equal in 49.3% of patients, and 41% displayed greater ATR severity. ATR prevalence was significantly greater among women (23.1% vs 6.8%, p < 0.001), but AMR prevalence was similar between genders (1.9% vs .9%, p = 0.443). Variables related to greater ATR severity were: female sex (OR: 2.61, 95%CI: 1.60–4.24), left atrial (LA) volume (OR: 3.58, 95%CI: 1.50–8.55), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (OR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.07–1.13), and moderate AMR (OR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.22–4.00). Variables related to greater AMR severity were female sex (OR: 1.96, 95%CI: 1.24–3.09), LA volume (OR: 11.68, 95%CI: 5.29–25.80), and body mass index (OR: .94, 95%CI: .90–.98).ConclusionsIn the context of AFib, ATR was more prevalent than AMR and prevailed in women. LA enlargement was associated with higher degrees of both AMR and ATR. Pulmonary hypertension was also independently associated with ATR, as well as greater AMR severity, suggesting possible adaptive changes in leaflets that might modify the atrial regurgitation incidence.
Attributes of climate resilience in fisheries: From theory to practice
Authors: Mason Julia G. , Eurich Jacob G. , Lau Jacqueline D. , Battista Willow , Free Christopher M. , Mills Katherine E. , Tokunaga Kanae , Zhao Lily Z. , Dickey‐Collas Mark , Valle Mireia , Pecl Gretta T. , Cinner Joshua E. , McClanahan Tim R. , Allison Edward H. , Friedman Whitney R. , Silva Claudio , Yáñez Eleuterio , Barbieri María Á. , Kleisner Kristin M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn a changing climate, there is an imperative to build coupled social‐ecological systems—including fisheries—that can withstand or adapt to climate stressors. Although resilience theory identifies system attributes that supposedly confer resilience, these attributes have rarely been clearly defined, mechanistically explained, nor tested and applied to inform fisheries governance. Here, we develop and apply a comprehensive resilience framework to examine fishery systems across (a) ecological, (b) socio‐economic and (c) governance dimensions using five resilience domains: assets, flexibility, organization, learning and agency. We distil and define 38 attributes that confer climate resilience from a coupled literature‐ and expert‐driven approach, describe how they apply to fisheries and provide illustrative examples of resilience attributes in action. Our synthesis highlights that the directionality and mechanism of these attributes depend on the specific context, capacities, and scale of the focal fishery system and associated stressors, and we find evidence of interdependencies among attributes. Overall, however, we find few studies that test resilience attributes in fisheries across all parts of the system, with most examples focussing on the ecological dimension. As such, meaningful quantification of the attributes’ contributions to resilience remains a challenge. Our synthesis and holistic framework represent a starting point for critical application of resilience concepts to fisheries social‐ecological systems.
Integrative approach on the diversity of nesting behaviour in fishes
Authors: Bessa Eduardo , Brandão Manuela Lombardi , Gonçalves‐de‐Freitas Eliane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNests are the key elements of the reproductive repertoire of several fish species. Understanding the physiological aspects behind their nesting behaviour is imperative to improve our knowledge about behavioural mechanisms focusing on species conservation. Nevertheless, current knowledge on fish nesting is still underexplored. Here, we show a synthesis based on an integrative approach for understanding the diversity of nesting behaviour in fish. Because a nest sometimes does not involve new buildings (as in birds), we suggest a more comprehensive definition based on the behaviour instead of the structure per se. Forty fish families were recorded as they made nests, which were sorted into six main types: bowls, burrows, foam nests, nests made of plant matter and animal parts, besides nests made on clean rock surfaces. Besides spawning and parental care, these nests also serve as a refuge against predators and male competitors, as targets for sexual selection, including bowers with no parental care function, and badges of social status. We showed that, although it is advantageous to what the Darwinian fitness of the species is concerned, nesting also requires time and energy. We propose an evolution of nest types and functions, from the ancestral bowl used as refuge to derived foam nests with sexual selection functions. Physiologically, nesting is controlled by the HPG axis and particular brain circuits, this probably being the less explored subject. Finally, we highlighted that, in the changing world of the Anthropocene, nesting behaviour emerges as a framework to indicate the quality of the aquatic environments.
Old origin for an European‐African amphitropical disjunction pattern: New insights from a case study on wingless darkling beetles
Authors: Kamiński Marcin J. , Smith Aaron D. , Kanda Kojun , Iwan Dariusz , Kergoat Gael J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe origin of the amphitropic Mediterranean Basin and southern African disjunction (European–African amphitropical disjunction; EAAD) pattern is generally attributed to recent dispersal events. However, our knowledge is limited because the origin of the EAAD pattern has been almost exclusively studied in plants. Here, we investigate the origin of this wide‐ranging disjunction pattern in a group of wingless insects, consisting of two major clades, both of which have EAAD distributions.LocationSub‐Saharan Africa and Mediterranean region.TaxonTribe Dendarini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).MethodsWe reconstructed a dated molecular phylogeny of major lineages within Dendarini using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The employed dataset included sequences of six genes (two mitochondrial and four nuclear fragments) generated for 72 species. To investigate the sequence and timing leading to present‐day wide‐ranging disjunction patterns, we conducted parametric historical biogeography analyses.ResultsThe dated phylogenetic framework supports the monophyly of all major Dendarini lineages and highlights the origin of the tribe in sub‐Saharan Africa during the Middle Eocene. From there, representatives of the two major lineages colonized the Mediterranean region at the Oligocene‐Miocene boundary, with one lineage first reaching North Africa, whilst the other reached southern Europe.Main conclusionsThe origin of the EAAD in Dendarini beetles is ancient and better explained by the progressive fragmentation of the pan‐African rainforest that started in the Early Eocene than by other scenarios. This and the increased aridification associated with the global long‐term cooling trend that took place at that time had a strong influence on the diversification and distribution of xerophilic organisms such as dendarine beetles. This challenges the understanding of the origin of EAAD patterns, highlighting that they do not only result from recent dispersal events between the Pliocene and Pleistocene.
Left bundle branch area pacing guided by continuous uninterrupted monitoring of unipolar pacing characteristics
Authors: Gillis Kris , O'Neill Louisa , Wielandts Jean‐Yves , Hilfiker Gabriela , Vlase Alina , Knecht Sébastien , Duytschaever Mattias , Tavernier René , le Polain de Waroux Jean‐Benoît 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionDuring left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) lead implantation, intermittent monitoring of unipolar pacing characteristics confirms LBB capture and can detect septal perforation. We aimed to demonstrate that continuous uninterrupted unipolar pacing from an inserted lead stylet (LS) is feasible and facilitates LBBAP implantation.MethodsThirty patients (mean age 76 ± 14 years) were implanted with a stylet‐driven pacing lead (Biotronik Solia S60). In 10 patients (comparison‐group) conventional implantation with interrupted unipolar pacing was performed, with comparison of unipolar pacing characteristics between LS and connector‐pin (CP)‐pacing after each rotation step. In 20 patients (uninterrupted‐group) performance and safety of uninterrupted implantation during continuous pacing from the LS were evaluated.ResultsIn the comparison group, LS and CP‐pacing impedances were highly correlated (R2 = 0.95, p < .0001, bias 12 ± 37 Ω) with comparable sensed electrograms and paced QRS morphologies. In the uninterrupted group, continuous LS‐pacing allowed beat‐to‐beat monitoring of impedance and QRS morphology to guide implantation. This resulted in successful LBBAP in all patients, after a mean of 1 ± 0 attempts, with mean threshold 0.81 ± 0.4 V, median sensing 6.5 mV [IQR 4.4–9.5], and mean impedance 624 ± 101 Ω. Positive LBBAP‐criteria were seen in all patients with median paced QRS duration of 120 ms [IQR 112–152 ms] and median pLVAT 73 ms [IQR 68–80.5 ms]. No septal perforation occurred.ConclusionUnipolar pacing from the LS allows accurate determination of pacing impedance and generates similar paced QRS morphologies and sensed electrograms to CP pacing. Continuous LS pacing allows real‐time monitoring of impedance and paced QRS morphology, which facilitates safe and successful LBBAP lead implantation.
Associations of corin genetic polymorphisms with salt sensitivity, blood pressure changes, and hypertension incidence in Chinese adults
Authors: Zou Ting , Yao Shi , Du Ming‐Fei , Mu Jian‐Jun , Chu Chao , Hu Gui‐Lin , Liao Yue‐Yuan , Chen Chen , Wang Dan , Ma Qiong , Yan Yu , Jia Hao , Wang Ke‐Ke , Sun Yue , Niu Ze‐Jiaxin , Zhang Xi , Yan Rui‐Chen , Man Zi‐Yue , Ren Dan‐Feng , Wang Lan , Gao Wei‐Hua , Li Hao , Wu Yong‐Xing , Li Chun‐Hua , Gao Ke , Zhang Jie , Yang Tie‐Lin , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorin, a transmembrane serine protease that can cleave pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (Pro‐ANP) into smaller bioactive molecule atrial natriuretic peptide, has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy. We sought to examine the associations of corin genetic variations with salt sensitivity, blood pressure (BP) changes and hypertension incidence. We studied participants of the original Baoji Salt‐Sensitive cohort, recruited from 124 families from seven Chinese villages in 2004 who sequentially received a usual baseline salt diet, a 7‐day low salt diet (3 g/day) and a 7‐day high salt diet (18 g/day), respectively. They were followed up for 8 years (in 2009, 2012) to evaluate the development of hypertension. Corin SNP rs3749584 was significantly associated with diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) response to low‐salt diet, while rs4695253, rs17654278 were associated with pulse pressure (PP) response to low‐salt diet. SNPs rs4695253, rs12509275, rs2351783, rs2271036, rs2271037 were significantly associated with systolic BP (SBP), DBP, and MAP responses to high‐salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs12641823, rs6834933, rs2271036, and rs22710367 were significantly associated with the longitudinal changes in SBP, DBP, MAP, or PP over 8 years of follow‐up. SNP rs73814824 was significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension over 8 years. Gene‐based analysis showed that corin gene was significantly associated with longitudinal BP changes and hypertension incidence after 8‐year follow‐up. This study suggests that corin may play a role in salt sensitivity, BP progression, and development of hypertension.
Living under value chains: The new distributive contract and arguments about unequal bargaining power
Authors: Cohen Amy J. , Vicol Mark , Pol Ganesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the 1980s and 1990s, during the high‐water mark of Washington Consensus development, rural sociologists and geographers critical of contract farming described contract as a legal fiction—one that imagines formally equal and voluntary relations between large firms and small farmers and hence that functions purposefully to obscure unequal social relations. Today, however, development planners, who argue for contract farming as an integral part of value chain agriculture, describe unequal bargaining power as a problem for rural development to solve. Our article analyzes how proponents have domesticated what was once a radical critique of contract farming—a phenomenon that we suggest tells of value chain development more broadly. Via a qualitative case study of India, we describe how a range of actors—development planners, state officials, and farmers—now all make arguments about unequal bargaining power and yet hold disparate understandings of what bargaining inequalities mean and what reforms should therefore follow. More specifically, we show how and why common reform proposals—for contract regulation and farmer aggregation—remain constrained by the inequalities they would challenge and thus why farmers themselves speak different possibilities to the problem of unequal bargaining power.
Histological and molecular biological analysis on the reaction of absorbable thread; Polydioxanone and polycaprolactone in rat model
Authors: Ha Young In , Kim Jun Hyun , Park Eun Soo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionOne of the most frequently performed anti‐aging surgical procedures is thread facelift. Since the 2010s, thread lifts using absorbable polydioxanone (PDO) thread were developed and have become increasingly popular. This research aims to identify the changes in and the mechanisms of absorbable thread‐lifting components, namely, PDO (polydioxanone) and PCL (polycaprolactone), with varied absorption periods in the body.MethodsFour different types of threads, namely, single‐stranded thread, 4‐stranded thread, 12‐stranded thread, and barbed Cog thread, were used for each component. Histological changes in the thread and neighboring tissue of rat model were investigated for 2‐week interval, and PCR was conducted for genes related to fibroblast proliferation including type 1α1 collagen, type 3α1 collagen, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1).ResultsAn increase in the collagen formation in all types of PDO and PCL groups was observed during the first 12 weeks and decreased afterward. Collagen formation decreased later in the PCL thread group significantly than the POD group. PCL thread remained logner in the tissue for over a year regarding POD requiring around 24 weeks of absorption–degradation. A larger surface area between the thread and the tissue induces a greater response in the tissue, resulting in an increase in inflammatory cells, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts. Results showed a similar pattern of increase in type 1α1 collagen and TGF‐β in the PDO thread group. This suggests that TGF‐β signal transduction leads to fibroblast proliferation that stimulates collagen formation and tissue re‐formation. In contrast, only type 3α1 collagen increased in the PCL thread group.ConclusionMore collagen formation and tissue responses are induced by PCL thread, remaining longer in the tissue than PDO, leading to more tissue tightening effects that is one of the most important points of face lifting. Morphological comparison of threads shows that not only an increase in surface area between thread and tissue but also multi‐strand increase tissue response, which in turn increases tissue maintenance effects.
Penile melanosis with annular fibrillar pattern
Authors: Ong Felicia Li Ling , Busmanis Inny , Oh Choon Chiat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPenile melanosis is an uncommon but benign condition. Its appearance, however, can cause significant distress to patients. We report a case of a patient presenting with hyperpigmented annular penile macules, with a fibrillar pattern seen on dermoscopy. Histopathological examination revealed basal keratinocyte hyperpigmentation with no melanocytic proliferation or atypia, confirming our diagnosis of penile melanosis. The patient was managed conservatively. We also reviewed the literature surrounding the clinical assessment and management of penile melanosis. Future reports on this topic with clinical‐dermoscopic‐pathological correlations will aid further understanding of this seldom reported condition.
Subnational borrowing and bailouts: When the federal government looks at the votes (differently) and its borrowing matters
Authors: Martínez‐López Diego 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSometimes it is difficult to find a rationale for episodes of bailouts in which the political motivations of the federal government are not clear cut. In other cases, the soft‐budget constraint of subnational governments (SNGs) seems to be based on unlimited federal resources. This paper aims to shed some light on both issues taking as a reference the workhorse model developed by Goodspeed. The principal change in its basic assumptions lies in allowing the federal government to borrow to finance its grants to SNGs. The results indicate that the way in which the federal government translates voters' preferences into electoral probabilities is crucial to determine grants. Moreover, the SNGs do not borrow excessively. When the model is extended to consider risk premium spreads in the SNGs debt and the option of transferring part of their borrowing to the upper level, the main outcomes remain.