bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW TO DO A STRATEGIC PIVOT TO ADDRESS EXTERNAL DISRUPTORS
Authors: Tsipursky Gleb 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe author writes of his experience advising organizations in the wake of COVID‐19. He explains that a “strategic pivot entails changing major or minor aspects of an organization’s goals. It allows leaders to closely examine pain points in order to guide teams through uncharted territory and back to productivity.” He outlines a process for a pivot, starting with: “Simply get someone with facilitation skills and no direct stake in the eventual strategies pursued by the company: it can be a peer executive, a member of the Board, a business coach, a mentor…” “The initial step,” he writes, “involves reevaluating assumptions about the organization’s business model (or operational model for a nonbusiness organization).” He explains six steps for a strategy session, in his words: (1) Scope and strategic goals. (2) Anticipate the future. (3) Potential internal problems. (4) Potential external problems. (5) Potential opportunities, internal and external. (6) Consider unknown unknowns (black swans). He further describes operations day, next steps, and follow‐up. Part of his conclusion includes the following: “Make sure to check if the next steps are being taken through weekly leadership team meetings. After a month, hold a half‐day event to evaluate the progress of the strategy pivot.”
The Translational Application of Hydrogel for Organoid Technology: Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ma Panqin , Chen Ying , Lai Xiyu , Zheng Jie , Ye Enyi , Loh Xian Jun , Zhao Yi , Parikh Bhav Harshad , Su Xinyi , You Mingliang , Wu Yun‐Long , Li Zibiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman organoids mimic the physiology and tissue architecture of organs and are of great significance for promoting the study of human diseases. Traditionally, organoid cultures rely predominantly on animal or tumor‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in poor reproducibility. This limits their utility in for large‐scale drug screening and application for regenerative medicine. Recently, synthetic polymeric hydrogels, with high biocompatibility and biodegradability, stability, uniformity of compositions, and high throughput properties, have emerged as potential materials for achieving 3D architectures for organoid cultures. Compared to conventional animal or tumor‐derived organoids, these newly engineered hydrogel‐based organoids more closely resemble human organs, as they are able to mimic native structural and functional properties observed in‐situ. In this review, recent developments in hydrogel‐based organoid culture will be summarized, emergent hydrogel technology will be highlighted, and future challenges in applying them to organoid culture will be discussed.
A Unique Nano‐Capsule Possessing Inner Thermo‐Responsive Surface Prepared from a Toothbrush‐Like Comb−Coil Block Copolymer
Authors: Takebuchi Haruka , Jin Ren‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) having lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in aqueous solutions has been actively studied for various applications in nanotechnology and controlled drug delivery. In this work, a comb‐coil block copolymer is synthesized with PNIPAM coil and polyethyleneimine brushes. Self‐organization of the copolymer into micelle by heating and subsequent cross‐linking of the part of PEI corona resulted in a unique nanocapsule (i‐CLM) with hydrophilic cross‐linked PEI outer shell and thermo‐responsive PNIPAM inner brush. The nanocapsule appears as a vesicle‐like hollow at room temperature but did into micelle‐like spheres when heated. From dynamic light scattering measurement, it is revealed apparently that the nanocapsule exhibited well the swelling and the shrinking reversibly under heating and cooling and the feature is cycled repeatedly with gradual fashion under wide‐range of temperature responding. The carrier property of the nanocapsule is investigated by using hydrophobic fluorophore of Nile red (NR) as a probe and it is found that the hollow of the nanocapsule is a good nano pocket to promote the growth of nanocrystals of NR.
Synthesis of a novel naphthalenone endoperoxide and structural elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculation
Authors: Martins Lucas M. O. S. , Santos Juliana O. , Hoye Thomas , Alvarenga Elson S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSesquiterpene lactones are found in plants of Asteraceae family, and endoperoxides are known for their antimalarial activity. Structural elucidation is a relevant aspect; however, it is not uncommon to find incorrect or incomplete structural assignments in the literature. Calculations based in quantum mechanics are frequently used to compute 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts, and after comparing with the experimental data, the correct structure is established from diverse candidates. Targeting the synthesis of bioactive compounds, we envisaged the synthesis of a novel endoperoxide from the natural sesquiterpene lactone α‐santonin (2). Photochemical transformation of α‐santonin (2) to mazdasantonin (4) followed by photooxidation catalyzed by rose bengal afforded the novel endoperoxide 5. This new endoperoxide contains five stereogenic centers and is analogous to the antimalarial agent artemisinin (1). The relative configuration of the stereogenic centers of the endoperoxide were established by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses and confirmed by theoretical calculations. All approaches were in complete agreement, and the structure of mazdasantonin endoperoxide was established as (3S,3aS,5aS,8R,9bS)‐3,6,6‐trimethyl‐3,3a,4,5,8,9b‐hexahydro‐2H‐5a,8‐epidioxynaphtho[1,2‐b]furan‐2,7(6H)‐dione.
Relational values provide common ground and expose multi‐level constraints to cross‐cultural wetland management
Authors: Bataille Corinne Y. , Malinen Sanna K. , Yletyinen Johanna , Scott Nigel , Lyver Philip O'B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The unprecedented level of threat facing many of the world's natural and cultural systems calls for the collaboration of multiple interest groups to engage in aligned environmental action.

Understanding interest groups' relational values (i.e. values in relation to an ecosystem and its people), and the constraints they experience in enacting those values, can contribute to enhance cross‐cultural understanding and facilitate intergroup collaboration, leading to improved outcomes for both ecosystems and people.

To study these assumptions, we conducted semi‐structured interviews in Aotearoa New Zealand to investigate the values that tangata tiaki (Māori environmental guardians) and landowners have regarding wetland ecosystems, and constraints impeding the enactment of values in environmental action.

Findings show that while couched within different worldviews, tangata tiaki and landowners held values with related characteristics, such as ahikāroa (long‐standing occupation of and connection to place) and attachment to place, highlighting possible common ground. However, we also show that a greater weighting upon different key values by each of the groups hindered the enactment of a wider suite of values. Tangata tiaki prioritised relational (e.g. mauri, life force) over instrumental values while landowners generally prioritised instrumental values (i.e. economic benefit), creating conditions for conflict in values between groups, and hindering tangata tiaki wetland ecosystem management and use.

Importantly, both groups' constraints occurred at multiple levels of the social system, and were reported to be associated with management practices, the complex matrix of policies and lack of capacity. Tangata tiaki value expression was further hindered by persisting power differentials between themselves and landowners, historically rooted in marginalisation of Māori rights and jurisdiction and loss of access to traditional land and resources. New Zealand's governance structures largely based on Western values also prevented Māori self‐determination.

This research suggests that investigating interest groups' relational values is beneficial to establish areas of common ground and for fostering joint efforts in ecosystem management. We suggest that constraints to environmental stewardship must be addressed at multiple levels of the social system to enable better representation of Indigenous values in environmental management.
SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination for adolescents and young adult patients treated at a specialist pediatric oncology unit
Authors: Nigro Olga , Sironi Giovanna , Bergamaschi Luca , Gattuso Giovanna , Puma Nadia , Livellara Virginia , Chiaravalli Stefano , Ferrari Andrea , Massimino Maura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis brief report describes the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination program at our pediatric oncology unit. Adopting Italian regulations, patients treated for cancer within the previous 6 months were offered vaccination with the Pfizer‐BioNtech vaccine if aged ≥16 years, and with the Pfizer‐BioNtech or Moderna vaccine if aged ≥18 years. From March 24 to April 28, 2021, 80/89 adolescent and young adult patients enrolled were vaccinated, while nine refused the vaccine due to fear of side effects, disbelief regarding the pandemic, or lack of trust in the scientific community. The refusal rate in our cohort was lower than in the Italian general population.
Investigation of nonisothermal fusion bonding for extrusion additive manufacturing of large structural parts
Authors: Tagscherer Nevine , Consul Patrick , Kottenstedde Ingo Leonard , Latiri Houyem , Zaremba Swen , Drechsler Klaus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFusion bonding is understood to be the decisive mechanism for the interlayer strength in extrusion additive manufacturing. This study links the characteristic temperatures of semicrystalline thermoplastics, namely, PA6 with 40% carbon fibers, to the bond formation in respect to real‐world processing conditions. Based on theoretical investigations, a process window is proposed for bonding to occur without polymer degradation. This range from the glass transition to the initial degradation temperature was determined through differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. A second process window for optimal bonding is proposed from the extrapolated onset crystallization temperature, , to the melt temperature, . The validation of these process windows was conducted by bending tests according to DIN EN 178. was confirmed as the upper limit, with the part's geometric integrity compromised at higher temperatures. had to be refuted as lower limit as no discrete reduction in bond strength was determined in alignment with . Authors suggest the lower limit is defined by the lowest substrate temperature to lead to interface temperatures above the onset of melt temperature. By utilizing thermal analyses, less time and resources are required to detemine a suitable process window for extrusion additive manufacturing.
Hemp fiber surface modification: Its effect on mechanical and tribological properties of hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Behera Sudhakar , Gautam Rakesh Kumar , Mohan Sunil , Chattopadhyay Arghya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this research work, the effects of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide treatment of hemp fiber on the water absorption, mechanical, and tribological properties of hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites (HFREC) were investigated. The change in surface roughness and fiber size after chemical treatment was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin content of the fiber after both the chemical treatment. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed an increase in the crystallinity index of the chemically treated fiber. The experimental results also revealed that both sodium carbonate and peroxide modification have resulted in enhancement of water resistance and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and tensile modulus and reduction in impact properties of treated HFREC. Tribological test results revealed that the treated HFREC have improved wear and frictional properties in comparison with untreated HFREC. The best tribological and mechanical properties were exhibited by peroxide treated HFREC, which was also confirmed through the SEM images of worn and fractured surfaces of the composites.
Noninvasive prenatal exome sequencing diagnostic utility limited by sequencing depth and fetal fraction
Authors: Filer Dayne L. , Mieczkowski Piotr A. , Brandt Alicia , Gilmore Kelly L. , Powell Bradford C. , Berg Jonathan S. , Wilhelmsen Kirk C. , Vora Neeta L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSequencing cell‐free DNA now allows detection of large chromosomal abnormalities and dominant Mendelian disorders in the prenatal period. Improving upon these methods would allow newborn screening programs to begin with prenatal genetics, ultimately improving the management of rare genetic disorders.MethodsAs a pilot study, we performed exome sequencing on the cell‐free DNA from three mothers with singleton pregnancies to assess the viability of broad sequencing modalities in a noninvasive prenatal setting.ResultsWe found poor resolution of maternal and fetal genotypes due to both sampling and technical issues.ConclusionWe find broad sequencing modalities inefficient for noninvasive prenatal applications. Alternatively, we suggest a more targeted path forward for noninvasive prenatal genotyping.
Classifying precipitation from GEO satellite observations: Diagnostic model
Authors: Upadhyaya Shruti A. , Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel , Kuligowski Robert J. , Searls Maresa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImprovements in remote‐sensing capability and improvements in artificial intelligence have created significant opportunities to advance understanding of precipitation processes. While highly advanced Machine Learning (ML) techniques improve the accuracy of precipitation retrievals, how these observations contribute to our understanding of precipitation processes remains an underexplored research question. In a companion manuscript, a precipitation‐type prognostic ML model is developed by deriving predictors from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) sensor on board Geostationary Observing Environmental Satellite (GOES)‐16. In this study, these predictors are linked to different precipitation processes. It is observed that satellite observations are important in separating Rain and No‐Rain areas. For stratiform precipitation types, predictors related to atmospheric moisture content, such as relative humidity and precipitable water, are the most important predictors, while for convective types, predictors such as 850–500 hPa lapse rate and convective available potential energy (CAPE) are more important. The diagnostic analysis confirms the benefit of spatial textures derived from ABI observations to improve the classification accuracy. It is recommended to combine the heritage water vapour channel T6.2 with the infrared T11.2 channel for improved precipitation classification. Overall, this study provides guidance to atmospheric and remote‐sensing scientists on a large array of predictors that can be used from geostationary satellites and multispectral sensors for precipitation studies.
The role of quantum chemistry in covalent inhibitor design
Authors: Mihalovits Levente M. , Ferenczy György G. , Keserű György M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recent ascent of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCI) in drug discovery brings new opportunities and challenges to quantum chemical reactivity calculations supporting discovery efforts. TCIs typically form a covalent bond with the targeted nucleophilic amino acid side chain. Their reactivity that can be both computed and experimentally measured is therefore one of the key factors in determining inhibitory potency. Calculation of relevant quantum chemical descriptors and corresponding reaction barriers of model reactions represent efficient ways to predict intrinsic reactivities of covalent ligands. A more comprehensive description of covalent ligand binding is offered by mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potentials. Reaction mechanisms can be investigated by the exploration of the potential energy surface as a function of suitable reaction coordinates, and free energy surfaces can also be calculated with molecular dynamics based simulations. Here we review the methodological aspects and discuss applications with primary focus on high‐end QM/MM simulations to illustrate the current status of quantum chemical support to covalent inhibitor design. Available QM approaches are suitable to identify likely reaction mechanisms and rate determining steps in the binding of covalent inhibitors. The efficient QM/MM prediction of ligand reactivities complemented with the computational description of the recognition step makes these computations highly useful in covalent drug discovery.
Artificial high‐density lipoprotein‐mimicking nanotherapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: He Hongliang , Hong Kristen , Liu Lisha , Schwendeman Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the ability of current efficacious low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol–lowering therapies to reduce total cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, CVD still poses major risks for morbidity and mortality to the general population. Because of the pleiotropic endothelial protective effects of high‐density lipoproteins (HDL), the direct infusion of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) products, including MDCO‐216, CER001, and CSL112, have been tested in clinical trials to determine whether direct infusion of rHDL can reduce coronary events in CVD patients. In addition to these rHDL products, in the past two decades, there has been an increased focused on designing artificial HDL‐mimicking nanotherapeutics to produce complementary therapeutic strategies for CVD patients beyond lowering of atherogenic lipoproteins. Although recent reviews have comprehensively discussed the developments of artificial HDL‐mimicking nanoparticles as therapeutics for CVD, there has been little assessment of “plain” or “drug‐free” HDL‐mimicking nanoparticles as therapeutics alone. In this review, we will summarize the clinical outcomes of rHDL products, examine recent advances in other types of artificial HDL‐mimicking nanotherapeutics, including polymeric nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, micelles, metal nanoparticles, and so on; and potential new approaches for future CVD interventions. Moreover, success stories, lessons, and interpretations of the utility and functionality of these HDL‐mimicking nanotherapeutics will be an integral part of this article.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease
Direct Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(II) 1‐Phenyltetrazol‐5‐olates
Authors: Voitekhovich Sergei V. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Lavrov Alexander N. , Lavrenova Ludmila G. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe interaction of 1‐phenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐5H‐tetrazol‐5‐one (Hpto) with ethylenediamine (en) and metallic copper in ethanol in the open air was found to yield molecular complexes [Cu(en)2(pto)2] (1) or [Cu2(en)2(EtOH)2(pto)4] (2) depending on the reagents ratio. Deprotonated tetrazol‐5‐one, i.e 1‐phenyltetrazol‐5‐olate anion (pto) acts as a monodentate ligand coordinated to the metal via the tetrazole ring N4 atom in mononuclear complex 1, and as a bridging ligand coordinated via the tetrazole ring N4 and N3 atoms in binuclear complex 2. The latter was found to be a paramagnet, with a very weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between copper ions.
Diffusion in inhomogeneous media with periodic microstructures
Authors: Amar Micol , Andreucci Daniele , Cirillo Emilio N.M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiffusion in inhomogeneous materials can be described by both the Fick and Fokker–Planck diffusion equations. Here, we study a mixed Fick and Fokker–Planck diffusion problem with coefficients rapidly oscillating both in space and time. We obtain macroscopic models performing the homogenization limit by means of the unfolding technique.
Further Areas of Work
Authors: Michoud Bruno , Hafner Manfred 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis book presented investment risks associated with the sub-Saharan African clean energy industry and an overview of risk mitigation strategies and innovative financing schemes available to public and private players, while focusing on the power and clean cooking sectors and specific energy resources. Starting from this basis, we identified the following areas for future work: (i) the quantification of investment risks; (ii) the selection of risk mitigation actions and their impact on the cost of capital; (ii) the exploration of additional sectors and energy resources; (iv) an in-depth analysis of subsidy reforms.
Normative Grundlagen
Authors: Czupalla Kai 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Kapitel wird der IFRS 5 vorgestellt und dabei der Ausweis von aufgegebenen Geschäftsbereichen ausführlich behandelt. Anschließend werden die Abschlusspolitik im Allgemeinen und abschlusspolitische Ergebnisspaltungen im Speziellen diskutiert.
Hypothesen zur Prävention von abschlusspolitischen Ergebnisspaltungen mit aufgegebenen Geschäftsbereichen durch Abschlussprüfungen
Authors: Czupalla Kai 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Kapitel werden aus der Prinzipal-Agenten-Theorie Maßnahmen gegen abschlusspolitische Ergebnisspaltungen abgeleitet. Konkret wird untersucht, ob aus theoretischer Sicht bestimmte Merkmale der Prüfungsqualität wie Prüfungs- und Nichtprüfungshonorare, Größen und Branchenspezialisierungen der Abschlussprüfer abschlusspolitische Ergebnisspaltungen verhindern können. Am Ende der Abschnitte wird mittels einer Alternativhypothese eine Vermutung für die Prävention von abschlusspolitischen Ergebnisspaltungen postuliert.
On the 2-Packing Differential of a Graph
Authors: Cabrera Martínez A. , Puertas M. L. , Rodríguez-Velázquez J. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLet G be a graph of order $${\text {n}}(G)$$

n
(
G
)

and vertex set V(G). Given a set $$S\subseteq V(G)$$

S
⊆
V
(
G
)

, we define the external neighbourhood of S as the set $$N_e(S)$$

N
e

(
S
)

of all vertices in $$V(G){\setminus } S$$

V
(
G
)
\
S

having at least one neighbour in S. The differential of S is defined to be $$\partial (S)=|N_e(S)|-|S|$$

∂

(
S
)

=
|

N
e

(
S
)

|
-
|
S
|

. In this paper, we introduce the study of the 2-packing differential of a graph, which we define as $$\partial _{2p}(G)=\max \{\partial (S):\, S\subseteq V(G) \text { is a }2\text {-packing}\}.$$

∂

2
p

(
G
)

=
max

{
∂

(
S
)

:

S
⊆
V

(
G
)

is a

2
-packing
}

.

We show that the 2-packing differential is closely related to several graph parameters, including the packing number, the independent domination number, the total domination number, the perfect differential, and the unique response Roman domination number. In particular, we show that the theory of 2-packing differentials is an appropriate framework to investigate the unique response Roman domination number of a graph without the use of functions. Among other results, we obtain a Gallai-type theorem, which states that $$\partial _{2p}(G)+\mu _{_R}(G)={\text {n}}(G)$$

∂

2
p

(
G
)

+

μ

R

(
G
)

=
n

(
G
)

, where $$\mu _{_R}(G)$$

μ

R

(
G
)

denotes the unique response Roman domination number of G. As a consequence of the study, we derive several combinatorial results on $$\mu _{_R}(G)$$

μ

R

(
G
)

, and we show that the problem of finding this parameter is NP-hard. In addition, the particular case of lexicographic product graphs is discussed.