bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematological and Genetic Markers in the Rational Approach to Patients With HCV Sustained Virological Response With or Without Persisting Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Authors: Gragnani Laura , Lorini Serena , Marri Silvia , Basile Umberto , Santarlasci Veronica , Monti Monica , Madia Francesco , Petraccia Luisa , Stasi Cristina , Marello Niccolò , Napodano Cecilia , Annunziato Francesco , Zignego Anna Linda 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) usually lead to improvement/remission of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), although symptoms may persist/recur after a sustained virological response (SVR). We evaluated hematological and genetic markers in patients with HCV‐SVR vasculitis with and without persisting/recurring symptoms to early predict the CV outcome.

Approach and Results
Ninety‐eight patients with HCV‐CV were prospectively enrolled after a DAA‐induced SVR: Group A: 52 with complete clinical response; Group B: 46 with symptom maintenance/recurrence. Monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis, t(14;18) translocation, and abnormal free light chains κ/λ ratios were detected by flow cytometry or nested‐PCR or nephelometry in 4% Group A versus 17% Group B (P = 0.04) patients, 17% Group A versus 40% Group B patients (P = 0.02), and 17% Group A versus 47% Group B (P = 0.003) patients, respectively. At least 1 out of 3 clonality markers was altered/positive in 29% of Group A versus 70% of Group B patients (P < 0.0001). When available, pretherapy samples were also tested for t(14;18) translocation (detected in 12/37 [32%] Group A and 21/38 [55%] Group B) and κ/λ ratios (abnormal in 5/35 [14%] Group A and 20/38 [53%] Group B) (P = 0.0006), whereas at least one clonality marker was detected/altered in 16/37 (43%) Group A and 30/38 (79%) Group B (P = 0.002). CV‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were tested by real‐time PCR. Among them, notch4 rs2071286 T minor allele and TT genotype showed a higher frequency in Group B versus Group A (46% vs. 29%, P = 0.01, and 17% vs. 2%, P = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusions
Hematological or genetic analyses could be used to foresee the CV clinical response after DAA therapy and could be valuable to assess a rational flowchart to manage CV during follow‐up.
Patterns of Inpatient Opioid Use and Related Adverse Events Among Patients With Cirrhosis: A Propensity‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Rubin Jessica B. , Lai Jennifer C. , Shui Amy M. , Hohmann Samuel F. , Auerbach Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Pain is common among patients with cirrhosis, yet managing pain in this population is challenging. Opioid analgesics are thought to be particularly high risk in patients with cirrhosis, and their use has been discouraged. We sought to understand patterns of opioid use among inpatients with cirrhosis and the risks of serious opioid‐related adverse events in this population. We used the Vizient Clinical Database/Resource Manager, which includes clinical and billing data from hospitalizations at more than 500 academic medical centers. We identified all nonsurgical patients with cirrhosis hospitalized in 2017‐2018 as well as a propensity score‐matched cohort of patients without cirrhosis. Inpatient prescription records defined patterns of inpatient opioid use. Conditional logistic regression compared rates of use and serious opioid‐related adverse events between patients with and without cirrhosis. Of 116,146 nonsurgical inpatients with cirrhosis, 62% received at least one dose of opioids and 34% had regular inpatient opioid use (more than half of hospital days), rates that were significantly higher than in patients without cirrhosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for any use, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13‐1.21; P < 0.001; AOR for regular use, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.11; P = 0.002). Compared with patients without cirrhosis, patients with cirrhosis more often received tramadol (P < 0.001) and less commonly received opioid/acetaminophen combinations (P < 0.001). Rates of serious opioid‐related adverse events were similar in patients with and without cirrhosis (1.6% vs. 1.9%; AOR, 0.96; P = 0.63). Conclusion: Over half of patients with cirrhosis have pain managed with opioids during hospitalization. Patterns of opioid use differ in patients with cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis, although rates of serious adverse events are similar. Future studies should further explore the safety and efficacy of opioids in patients with cirrhosis, with the goal of improving pain management and quality of life in this population.
The evolving perceptual model of streamflow generation at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed
Authors: Aulenbach Brent T. , Hooper Richard P. , van Meerveld H. J. (Ilja) , Burns Douglas A. , Freer James E. , Shanley James B. , Huntington Thomas G. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Peters Norman E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) is a 41‐hectare forested catchment within the Piedmont Province of the Southeastern United States. Observations, experimentation, and numerical modelling have been conducted at Panola over the past 35 years. But to date, these studies have not been fully incorporated into a more comprehensive synthesis. Here we describe the evolving perceptual understanding of streamflow generation mechanisms at the PMRW. We show how the long‐term study has enabled insights that were initially unforeseen but are also unachievable in short‐term studies. In particular, we discuss how the accumulation of field evidence, detailed site characterization, and modelling enabled a priori hypotheses to be formed, later rejected, and then further refined through repeated field campaigns. The extensive characterization of the soil and bedrock provided robust process insights not otherwise achievable from hydrometric measurements and numerical modelling alone. We focus on two major aspects of streamflow generation: the role of hillslopes (and their connection to the riparian zone) and the role of catchment storage in controlling fluxes and transit times of water in the catchment. Finally, we present location‐independent hypotheses based on our findings at PMRW and suggest ways to assess the representativeness of PMRW in the broader context of headwater watersheds.
Cancellous Bone May Have a Greater Adaptive Strain Threshold Than Cortical Bone
Authors: Yang Haisheng , Bullock Whitney A , Myhal Alexandra , DeShield Philip , Duffy Daniel , Main Russell P 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTStrain magnitude has a controlling influence on bone adaptive response. However, questions remain as to how and if cancellous and cortical bone tissues respond differently to varied strain magnitudes, particularly at a molecular level. The goal of this study was to characterize the time‐dependent gene expression, bone formation, and structural response of the cancellous and cortical bone of female C57Bl/6 mice to mechanical loading by applying varying load levels (low: −3.5 N; medium: −5.2 N; high: −7 N) to the skeleton using a mouse tibia loading model. The loading experiment showed that cortical bone mass at the tibial midshaft was significantly enhanced following all load levels examined and bone formation activities were particularly elevated at the medium and high loads applied. In contrast, for the proximal metaphyseal cancellous bone, only the high load led to significant increases in bone mass and bone formation indices. Similarly, expression of genes associated with inhibition of bone formation (e.g., Sost) was altered in the diaphyseal cortical bone at all load levels, but in the metaphyseal cortico‐cancellous bone only by the high load. Finite element analysis determined that the peak tensile or compressive strains that were osteogenic for the proximal cancellous bone under the high load were significantly greater than those that were osteogenic for the midshaft cortical tissues under the low load. These results suggest that the magnitude of the strain stimulus regulating structural, cellular, and molecular responses of bone to loading may be greater for the cancellous tissues than for the cortical tissues. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Establishment of interleukin‐18 time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay and its preliminary application in liver disease
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhou Xiumei , Dai Yaping , Lv Chunyan , Wu Jian , Wu Qingqing , Li Ting , Wang Yigang , Xia Penguo , Pei Hao , Huang Biao 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo establish a time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay of interleukin (IL)‐18 (IL‐18‐TRFIA) and detect its concentration in different liver disease serum samples.MethodsThe IL‐18 coating antibody and the Eu3+‐labeled detection antibody were used for the IL‐18‐TRFIA to detect serum IL‐18 concentration in patients with liver cancer, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, autoimmune hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and healthy controls. The double‐antibody sandwich method was used and methodological evaluation was performed.ResultsThe average intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficient of variation for IL‐18‐TRFIA was 4.80% and 5.90%, respectively. The average recovery rate was 106.19 ± 3.44%. The sensitivity (10.96 pg/mL) was higher than that obtained using the ELISA method (62.5 pg/mL). The detection range was 10.96–1000 pg/mL. IL‐6 and galectin‐3 did not cross‐react with IL‐18‐TRFIA. The serum concentration of IL‐18 was (776.99; 653.48–952.39 pg/mL) in hepatitis C, (911; 775.55–1130.03 pg/mL) in fatty liver, (1048.88; 730.04–1185.10 pg/mL) in liver cancer, and (949.12; 723.70–1160.28 pg/mL) in hepatitis B. Moreover, IL‐18 serum levels were significantly higher in patients than the healthy controls (483.09; 402.52–599.70/mL) (p < 0.0001). Autoimmune hepatitis with a serum IL‐18 concentration of 571.62; 502.47–730.31 pg/mL was not significantly different from the healthy controls (p > 0.05).ConclusionWe established a highly sensitive IL‐18‐TRFIA method that successfully detected serum IL‐18 concentrations in different liver diseases. Furthermore, IL‐18 serum concentration was higher in patients with liver cancer, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and fatty liver disease compared to healthy controls.
Ultrastructural studies of the pecten oculi of the Garganey (Anas querquedula, Linnaeus 1758) and the Eurasian common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus chloropus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Bassuoni Naglaa F. , Hanafy Basma G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study represents the first attempts to give a full anatomical comparison of the vascular pigmented pectin oculi of the diurnal activity Anas querquedula and Gallinula chloropus chloropus. For achievement of this work, 10 mature birds from each species were examined under stereo‐ and electron microscope. The pecten oculi of A. querquedula is triangular fan‐like, while in Gallinula c. thin like‐fold. In both examined birds, the pecten oculi located postero‐anteriorly intraocular just adjacent to optic nerve disc and attached to the retina by its base, while the free apex projected into vitreous body. A. querquedula had 14–15 pleats, while Gallinula c. chloropus had 22–24 pleats. In A. querquedula, all pecten pleats connected to each other apically by a connecting bridge. The pecten oculi was plicated type in A. querquedula, but folded type in Gallinula c. chloropus. In A. querquedula, the external surface of the pleats head carried 8–10 transverse ridges, in addition to the external and lateral surface of the pleat body carried numerous round prominences that indicated the presence of numerous afferent and efferent vessels. In both examined birds, there is a retinal elevated fold situated parallel to the slightly elevated basal fold which is clear and thicker in A. querquedula than in Gallinula c. chloropus. In Gallinula c. chloropus, the transverse section shows that the pleats had numerous afferent and efferent vessels capillaries. Statistical analysis comparing the relative measurements of the pecten oculi in the two examined birds showed that there was a significant difference.
Tuberculosis infection and disease in South African adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a cohort study
Authors: Frigati Lisa J , Wilkinson Katalin A , le Roux Stanzi , Brown Karryn , Ruzive Sheena , Githinji Leah , Petersen Wonita , Belard Sabine , Cotton Mark F , Myer Landon , Zar Heather J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere are limited data on Tuberculosis (TB) in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (APHIV). We examined the incidence and determinants of TB infection and disease in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort (CTAAC).MethodsYouth between nine and fourteen years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than six months in public sector care, and age‐matched HIV‐negative adolescents, were enrolled between July 2013 through March 2015 and followed six‐monthly. Data were censored on 31 October 2018. Symptom screening, chest radiograph, viral load, CD4 count, QuantiFERON (QFT) and sputum for Xpert MTB/RIF, microscopy, culture and sensitivity were performed annually. TB infection was defined by a QFT of >0.35 IU/mL. TB diagnosis was defined as confirmed (culture or Xpert MTB/RIF positive) or unconfirmed (clinical diagnosis and started on TB treatment). Analyses examined the incidence and determinants of TB infection and disease.ResultsOverall 496 HIV+ and 103 HIV‐negative participants (median age at enrolment 12 years (interquartile range, IQR 10.6 to 13.3) were followed for a median of 3.1 years (IQR 3.0 to 3.4); 50% (298/599) were male. APHIV initiated ART at median age 4.4 years (IQR 2.1 to 7.6). At enrolment, 376/496 (76%) had HIV viral load <40 copies/mL, median CD4 count was 713 cells/mm3 and 179/559 (32%) were QFT+, with no difference by HIV status (APHIV 154/468, 33%; HIV negative 25/91, 27%; p = 0.31). The cumulative QFT+ prevalence was similar (APHIV 225/492, 46%; 95%CI 41% to 50%; HIV negative 44/98, 45%; 95% CI 35% to 55%; p = 0.88). APHIV had a higher incidence of all TB disease than HIV‐negative adolescents (2.2/100PY, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.1 vs. 0.3/100PY, 95% CI 0.04 to 2.2; IRR 7.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 53.55). The rate of bacteriologically confirmed TB in APHIV was 1.3/100 PY compared to 0.3/100PY for HIV‐negative adolescents, suggesting a fourfold increased risk of developing TB disease in APHIV despite access to ART. In addition, a positive QFT at enrolment was not predictive of TB in this population.ConclusionsHigh incidence rates of TB disease occur in APHIV despite similar QFT conversion rates to HIV‐negative adolescents. Strategies to prevent TB in this vulnerable group must be strengthened.
A Deep Learning Approach to Diagnostic Classification of Prostate Cancer Using Pathology–Radiology Fusion
Authors: Khosravi Pegah , Lysandrou Maria , Eljalby Mahmoud , Li Qianzi , Kazemi Ehsan , Zisimopoulos Pantelis , Sigaras Alexandros , Brendel Matthew , Barnes Josue , Ricketts Camir , Meleshko Dmitry , Yat Andy , McClure Timothy D. , Robinson Brian D. , Sboner Andrea , Elemento Olivier , Chughtai Bilal , Hajirasouliha Iman 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundA definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer requires a biopsy to obtain tissue for pathologic analysis, but this is an invasive procedure and is associated with complications.PurposeTo develop an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based model (named AI‐biopsy) for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer using magnetic resonance (MR) images labeled with histopathology information.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data sets from 400 patients with suspected prostate cancer and with histological data (228 acquired in‐house and 172 from external publicly available databases).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 to 3.0 Tesla, T2‐weighted image pulse sequences.AssessmentMR images reviewed and selected by two radiologists (with 6 and 17 years of experience). The patient images were labeled with prostate biopsy including Gleason Score (6 to 10) or Grade Group (1 to 5) and reviewed by one pathologist (with 15 years of experience). Deep learning models were developed to distinguish 1) benign from cancerous tumor and 2) high‐risk tumor from low‐risk tumor.Statistical TestsTo evaluate our models, we calculated negative predictive value, positive predictive value, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. We also calculated areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) and Cohen's kappa.ResultsOur computational method (https://github.com/ih-lab/AI-biopsy) achieved AUCs of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.86–0.92]) and 0.78 (95% CI: [0.74–0.82]) to classify cancer vs. benign and high‐ vs. low‐risk of prostate disease, respectively.Data ConclusionAI‐biopsy provided a data‐driven and reproducible way to assess cancer risk from MR images and a personalized strategy to potentially reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. AI‐biopsy highlighted the regions of MR images that contained the predictive features the algorithm used for diagnosis using the class activation map method. It is a fully automatic method with a drag‐and‐drop web interface (https://ai-biopsy.eipm-research.org) that allows radiologists to review AI‐assessed MR images in real time.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2
A novel approach for the detection and identification of sulfur mustard using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry based on its selective oxidation to sulfur mustard monoxide with N‐iodosuccinimide
Authors: Prihed Hagit , Shifrovich Avital , Shamai Yamin Tamar , Madmon Moran , Smolkin Boris , Chen Ravit , Blanca Merav , Weissberg Avi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new derivatization strategy for the detection and identification of sulfur mustard (HD) via liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) is developed. The method incorporates selective oxidation of the sulfide group by the electrophilic iodine reagent N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) to produce sulfur mustard monoxide (HDSO). The derivatization reaction efficiencies were evaluated with acetonitrile extracts of soil, asphalt, cloth, Formica, and linoleum spiked with HD at concentrations of 50–5000 pg/ml and found to be similar to that with pure acetonitrile. The current derivatization approach is the first to preserve the identity of chloride groups and support HD regulation and evidentiary findings.
Intraseasonal teleconnections leading to heat waves in central Chile
Authors: Jacques‐Coper Martín , Veloso‐Aguila Daniel , Segura Christian , Valencia Amanda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ability to anticipate meteorological extreme events beyond the synoptic range of ~1 week offers direct applications, for example, to limit their ecological and socioeconomical impacts. This study focuses on precursors of summer (December–February, DJF) warm events, particularly heat waves, in central Chile (CCh), which are typically induced by low‐level anticyclonic anomalies located to the south of this region. Considering that such atmospheric configuration can be part of a large‐scale wave‐train circulation pattern located upstream of CCh, we investigate signals that might provide guidance concerning the genesis of warm events in CCh. For a historical period (DJF 1872–2010) based on the 20th century reanalysis version 2 (20CR), our results present teleconnections that indicate higher probabilities of occurrence of such warm events with respect to expected climatological values. These signals can be monitored at least ~2 weeks in advance. Specifically, we explore the relationship between warm events in CCh and (a) the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) as a tropical source of variability, and (b) an extra‐tropical index (ETI), representative of the internal dynamics of the Southern Hemipshere mid‐latitudes, presented as an original contribution from this study following a novel approach. Both signals, and apparently their constructive superposition, seem to contribute to the organization of the large‐scale circulation anomalies leading ultimately to heat waves in CCh. We confirm these results for recent decades (DJF 1981–2020) using temperature observations and further data sets, namely the NCEP‐NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis versions 1 and 2 (CFSR and CFSv2, respectively). Finally, we describe three recent heat wave events in CCh (DJF 2019–2020) to illustrate the suitability of this conceptualization.
Machine learning for identifying relevant publications in updates of systematic reviews of diagnostic test studies
Authors: Lange Toni , Schwarzer Guido , Datzmann Thomas , Binder Harald 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUpdating systematic reviews is often a time‐consuming process that involves a lot of human effort and is therefore not conducted as often as it should be. The aim of our research project was to explore the potential of machine learning methods to reduce human workload. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of deep learning methods in comparison to more established machine learning methods. We used three available reviews of diagnostic test studies as the data set. In order to identify relevant publications, we used typical text pre‐processing methods. The reference standard for the evaluation was the human‐consensus based on binary classification (inclusion, exclusion). For the evaluation of the models, various scenarios were generated using a grid of combinations of data preprocessing steps. Moreover, we evaluated each machine learning approach with an approach‐specific predefined grid of tuning parameters using the Brier score metric. The best performance was obtained with an ensemble method for two of the reviews, and by a deep learning approach for the other review. Yet, the final performance of approaches strongly depends on data preparation. Overall, machine learning methods provided reasonable classification. It seems possible to reduce human workload in updating systematic reviews by using machine learning methods. Yet, as the influence of data preprocessing on the final performance seems to be at least as important as choosing the specific machine learning approach, users should not blindly expect a good performance by solely using approaches from a popular class, such as deep learning.
Response of maize yield and nitrogen leaching to combining controlled‐release urea and normal urea under different surface mulching
Authors: Tang Liang , Li Shiqing , Shen Yufang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA one‐off application of combining controlled‐release urea (CRU) and conventional urea has been recommended for the reduction of nitrogen (N) loss and improvement of grain yield. However, the effects of combining CRU and urea with different surface mulching has not been studied in detail, and the underlying agronomical and physiological mechanisms need to be more clearly understood.RESULTA 3‐year field study was conducted to determine the effects of combining CRU and urea with different surface mulching on dry matter, N accumulation and translocation, nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N) residuals and loss in maize grown under rain‐fed conditions. Three surface mulching [plastic film mulching (FM), straw mulching (SM) and no mulching (NM)] as well as three N fertilization [combining CRU and urea with 1:2 as the baseline application (NC), a split urea application with 4:3:3 (NU) and a N control (N0)] were used. The FM under NC fertilization increased N uptake, decreased NO3−‐N residual in the deep soil layer, and decreased N loss. The FM, SM and NM under NC fertilization increased 3‐year mean grain yields by 5.8%, 4.0% and 4.6%, respectively, compared to that under NU fertilization. The FM under NC fertilization showed the highest grain yield and economic return.CONCLUSIONProperly managing N application by mixing CRU and urea in a one‐off application combined with plastic film mulching may have the potential to provide a better compromise among grain yield, N loss and economic returns for maize in rain‐fed farmland. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.