bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Microwave Exposure Effects on Surface Coating Properties of Linden (Tilia cordata) and Spruce (Picea abies) Woods
Authors: Sahin Halil Turgut , Ozcelik Gamze 
Published: October 2021

The quality performance of surface coatings are evaluated with emphasis on Microwave (Mw) irradiation, effects on both wood and oil modified alkyd-based varnish, separately. The surface pencil film hardness value of 2B (5 in metric) found for neat varnish coated linden and spruce control samples. It appears Mw exposure on both woods and varnish were effective for further increasing pencil hardness which are about 4 and 5 unit higher than controls. It is also noticeable that a clear improvement for cross-cut (adhesion) properties were realized with Mw treated varnish coated linden woods. Although cold liquid resistance of coating evaluations have conducted with 11 liquids, but coated surfaces were showed the lowest resistance, assessed grade 1 (considerably changes) for five of these liquids (juice, milk, ketchup, lemon juice, cola) regardless of conditions or wood species. Therefore, results revealed some level correlation between Mw conditions and wood samples for six of the cold liquids involved in the examination. Mw treated spruce samples usually show 1 to 2 unit higher olive oil, vinegar, mayonnaise, ethyl alcohol resistance while no any improvement found for coffee and mineral water. Linden samples usually show 1 to 3 unit improving (higher) resistance against all these six cold liquids, regardless of Mw conditions. It is important to note that all Mw treated and varnish applied wood species subjected to olive oil, mayonnaise and ethyl alcohol show very high resistant properties (graded 4 and 5). Similar results are also realized with applying Mw irradiated vanish to both wood species. These variations and changes could be results of chemical structural changes, including cross-linking by esterification and etherification, promoted by Mw irradiation.
Assess the Effectiveness of Video-assisted Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Non-scalpel Vasectomy among Married Men in Selected Area in Rural Community
Authors: Wankhede Pratibha , Gode Shrutika , Gulghane Achal , Hatwar Vaibhav , Itkalwar Subodh , Wanjari Mayur 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the two tubes that carry sperm from the two testicles to the urinary tract are surgically altered, preventing sperm from passing through and fertilizing a woman's egg during sexual intercourse.
Objective: To determine the level of awareness of non-scalpel vasectomy and the impact of a video-assisted training programme among married males in a rural region. Community. To determine the relationship between the effectiveness of a video-assisted training programme on non-scalpel vasectomy knowledge and a set of demographic variables.
Methods: A descriptive survey method design. We conducted the descriptive research design study in the Wardha district of Maharashtra. We search for the rural area in Wardha district and men in the area. A total number of 100 men were taken inside this study. The study uses a non-probability convenient sampling technique.
Results: Findings from the study reveal that assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding non-scalpel among married men in selected area of Wardha district. There was an increase in the knowledge about non-scalpel vasectomy. The educational program is most important for enhancing the knowledge of the community men regarding non-scalpel vasectomy.
Conclusion: Our study draws the following conclusions to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding non-scalpel vasectomy among married men are the very poor level of knowledge and accompanied by a lot of misconceptions.
A Surgical Case of Pancreatic Metastasis from Lung Cancer
Authors: Suzumura Kazuhiro , Asano Yasukane , Kosaka Hisashi , Kanemura Shingo , Kamiya Hitomi , Hashimoto Masaki , Nakasho Keiji , Hasegawa Seiki , Nakano Takashi , Fujimoto Jiro 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Most patients with pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer are not candidates for surgical treatment because they have widespread systemic disease at the time of diagnosis. But it was reported that some patients with long-term survival were resected for pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer. We herein report a surgical case of pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer.

Case Presentation
A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a lung tumor. He underwent right middle lobectomy. A histopathologic examination showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. About 1 year after lung resection, brain metastasis was demonstrated and radiation therapy was subsequently performed. Seven years after lung resection, his serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels were again elevated. FDG–PET (fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography) showed a slight uptake by the pancreatic head. Computed tomography (CT) showed an irregular and poorly enhanced tumor in the pancreatic head. EUS–FNA (endoscopic ultrasonography fine-needle aspiration) of the tumor in the pancreatic head was performed. A histopathologic examination showed thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 positive adenocarcinoma. The preoperative diagnosis was pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer. We performed subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for the pancreatic head tumor because the primary lung cancer and brain metastasis responded to chemoradiation. A histopathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed TTF-1 positive cells in the tumor. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 12th day after surgery. He is currently alive 22 months after pancreatic surgery.

Conclusion
Resection of pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer may improve the patient outcome when the metastasis is localized in the pancreas or other organ metastases are controlled.
Effects of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine Infusion on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Yan Chen , Ti-jun Dai 
Published: October 2021

Objective
To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.

Methods
A total of 100 patients, 42 male and 58 female, ages 60 to 85 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II, who were undergoing total hip arthroplasty were randomly divided into 2 groups: a dexmedetomidine group (group D; n = 50) and a control group (group C; n = 50). Group D patients were infused with 0.3 μg · kg−1 · h−1 of dexmedetomidine from 5 minutes prior to anesthesia induction until the end of surgery. Group C patients received an equal volume of saline. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before anesthesia induction (T0), 1 minute before extubation (T1), and 30 minutes after extubation (T2). The Visual Analog Score (VAS) at 1, 2, and 3 days after surgery, the incidence and duration of postoperative delirium, and the length of hospital stay were recorded. Adverse reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, and lethargy, were also recorded.

Results
The Visual Analog Scores in the 2 groups were similar. In group D, there was no significant difference in heart rate (P = 0.232) and MAP (P = 0.056) between T0 and T1. However, in group C, heart rate significantly increased by 15.3 bpm (P = 0.000) and MAP significantly increased by 10.7 mmHg (P = 0.001) at T1 compared with those at T0. The incidence of postoperative delirium in group D (10%) was significantly lower than that in group C (26%; P = 0.037). The duration of delirium in group D (1.3 ± 0.6 days) was shorter than that in group C (3.0 ± 0.5 days; P = 0.000). The length of hospital stay in group D (13.2 ± 0.9 days) was shorter than that in group C (16.1 ± 0.7 days; P = 0.000). No significant differences were observed in adverse effects between the 2 groups.

Conclusion
Intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine can not only reduce the incidence and duration of postoperative delirium, but also shorten the length of hospital stay in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
Outcomes of Distal Gastrectomy for Elderly Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer: Comparison With Non-Elderly Patients and the Utility of Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Elderly Patients
Authors: Shimada Ayako , Ishii Satoru , Tanaka Hiroto , Okamoto Tomomi , Mishima Kohei , Nakanishi Ryo , Hosaka Miki , Ozaki Takahiro , Igarashi Kazuharu , Honda Masayuki , Funamizu Naotake , Tsutsui Atsuko , Omura Kenji , Wakabayashi Go 
Published: October 2021

Background
As the elderly population increases, cases of elderly advanced gastric cancer (AGC) also increase. This study aims to investigate the safety and utility of curative gastrectomy, as well as the efficacy of laparoscopic gastrectomy, for these elderly patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcomes of patients with cStage IB-III AGC who underwent distal gastrectomy (DG) with D2 lymph node dissection in our institution. We compared the results between elderly patients (&gt;75 years) and non-elderly patients (&lt;75 years). We further divided the elderly patients into 2 groups: those who underwent laparoscopic DG (LDG) and those who underwent open DG (ODG). Further, we compared the results of the 2 groups.

Results
From January 2014 to March 2019, 84 patients underwent DG with D2 lymph node dissection for cStage IB-III AGC (52 elderly patients and 32 non-elderly patients). ASA was significantly higher in elderly patients; however, there was no significant difference in surgical outcomes nor in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the 2 groups. Among 52 elderly patients, 19 had LDG, whereas 33 had ODG. The LDG group had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay and a significantly less amount of blood loss. There was no significant difference in RFS and OS between these 2 groups.

Conclusions
Safety and oncologic curability may be achieved in elderly patients with AGC. LDG may be safely performed as ODG in elderly patients with AGC and it is expected to benefit them by achieving minimally invasive surgery.
Validation of spline modeling for calculation of electron insert factors for varian linear accelerators
Authors: Baltz Garrett C. , Kirsner Steven M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are several methods available in the literature for predicting the insert factor for clinical electron beams. The purpose of this work was to build on a previously published technique that uses a bivariate spline model generated from elliptically parameterized empirical measurements. The technique has been previously validated for Elekta linear accelerators for limited clinical electron setups. The same model is applied to Varian machines to test its efficacy for use with these linear accelerators. Insert factors for specifically designed elliptical cutouts were measured to create spline models for 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV electron energies for four different cone sizes at source‐to‐surface distances (SSD) of 100, 105, and 110 cm. Insert factor validation measurements of patient cutouts and clinical standard cutouts were acquired to compare to model predictions. Agreement between predicted insert factors and validation measurements averaged 0.8% over all energies, cones, and clinical SSDs, with an uncertainty of 0.6% (1SD), and maximum deviation of 2.1%. The model demonstrated accurate predictions of insert factors using the minimum required amount of input data for small cones, with more input measurements required for larger cones. The results of this study provide expanded validation of this technique to predict insert factors for all energies, cones, and SSDs that would be used in most clinical situations. This level of accuracy and the ease of creating the model necessary for the insert factor predictions demonstrate its acceptability to use clinically for Varian machines.
Visibly Clear Radiative Cooling Metamaterials for Enhanced Thermal Management in Solar Cells and Windows
Authors: Lee Kang Won , Lim Woojong , Jeon Min Soo , Jang Hanmin , Hwang Jehwan , Lee Chi Hwan , Kim Dong Rip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study of transparent daytime radiative cooling with no additional energy consumption is a promising area of research. Its applications include solar cells and building and automobile windows that are prone to heating issues. Ubiquitous applications necessitate the development of metamaterials with high mechanical flexibility in a scalable manner while overcoming translucence. In this study, visibly clear and flexible radiative cooling metamaterials have been developed using a newly designed optical modulator filled into randomly distributed silica aerogel microparticles in a silicone elastomer. The optical modulator effectively suppresses visible light scattering, thus enabling higher loading of silica aerogel microparticles while securing visible clarity. The significant suppression of the rise in temperature by the metamaterial is verified using both indoor and outdoor experiments. The visibly clear metamaterials deployed in solar cells and windows can effectively suppress the rise in temperature under solar irradiation, thereby mitigating the performance degradation of solar cells by heating issues and suppressing the rise in temperature of indoor air.
Polymorphic Phases of Metal Chlorides in the Confined 2D Space of Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Lin Yung‐Chang , Motoyama Amane , Kretschmer Silvan , Ghaderzadeh Sadegh , Ghorbani‐Asl Mahdi , Araki Yuji , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Ago Hiroki , Suenaga Kazu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnprecedented 2D metal chloride structures are grown between sheets of bilayer graphene through intercalation of metal and chlorine atoms. Numerous spatially confined 2D phases of AlCl3 and CuCl2 distinct from their typical bulk forms are found, and the transformations between these new phases under the electron beam are directly observed by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The density functional theory calculations confirm the metastability of the atomic structures derived from the STEM experiments and provide insights into the electronic properties of the phases, which range from insulators to semimetals. Additionally, the co‐intercalation of different metal chlorides is found to create completely new hybrid systems; in‐plane quasi‐1D AlCl3/CuCl2 heterostructures are obtained. The existence of polymorphic phases hints at the unique possibilities for fabricating new types of 2D materials with diverse electronic properties confined between graphene sheets.
Designing and Demystifying the Lithium Metal Interface toward Highly Reversible Batteries
Authors: Xu Rui , Ding Jun‐Fan , Ma Xia‐Xia , Yan Chong , Yao Yu‐Xing , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReversible lithium (Li) plating/stripping is essential for building practical high‐energy‐density batteries based on Li metal chemistry, which unfortunately remains a severe challenge. In this contribution, it is demonstrated that through the rational regulation of strong Li+−anion coordination structures in a highly compatible low‐polarity solvent, 2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran, the Li plating/stripping assisted by a nucleation modulation procedure delivers a remarkably high average Coulombic efficiency under rather demanding conditions (99.7% and 99.5% under 1.0 mA cm−2, 3.0 mAh cm−2 and 3.0 mA cm−2, 3.0 mAh cm−2, respectively). The exceedingly reversible cycling obtained herein is fundamentally correlated with the flattened Li deposition and minimized solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) generation/reconstruction in the customized condition, which notably restrains the growth rates of both dead Li0 (0.0120 mAh per cycle) and SEI‐Li+ (0.0191 mAh per cycle) during consecutive cycles. Benefiting from the efficient Li plating/stripping manner, the assembled anode‐free Cu|LiFePO4 (2.7 mAh cm−2) coin and pouch cells exhibit impressive capacity retention of 43.8% and 41.6% after 150 cycles, respectively, albeit with no optimization on the test conditions. This work provides guidelines into the targeted interfacial design of high‐efficiency working Li anodes, aiming to pave the way for the practical deployment of high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries.
Facet‐Dependent Surface Charge and Hydration of Semiconducting Nanoparticles at Variable pH
Authors: Su Shaoqiang , Siretanu Igor , van den Ende Dirk , Mei Bastian , Mul Guido , Mugele Frieder 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding structure and function of solid–liquid interfaces is essential for the development of nanomaterials for various applications including heterogeneous catalysis in liquid phase processes and water splitting for storage of renewable electricity. The characteristic anisotropy of crystalline nanoparticles is believed to be essential for their performance but remains poorly understood and difficult to characterize. Dual scale atomic force microscopy is used to measure electrostatic and hydration forces of faceted semiconducting SrTiO3 nanoparticles in aqueous electrolyte at variable pH. The following are demonstrated: the ability to quantify strongly facet‐dependent surface charges yielding isoelectric points of the dominant {100} and {110} facets that differ by as much as 2 pH units; facet‐dependent accumulation of oppositely charged (SiO2) particles; and that atomic scale defects can be resolved but are in fact rare for the samples investigated. Atomically resolved images and facet‐dependent oscillatory hydration forces suggest a microscopic charge generation mechanism that explains colloidal scale electrostatic forces.
Delineation of management zones in integrated crop–livestock systems
Authors: Rodriguez Miranda Diana Alexandra , de Oliveira Alari Fernando , Oldoni Henrique , Bazzi Claudio Leones , do Amaral Lucas Rios , Graziano Magalhães Paulo Sérgio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe lack of studies on spatial variability in integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLS) hinders understanding how to increase their efficiency by implementing precision agriculture (PA) practices. As such, little is known about how grain and forage crops interact and how to improve the decision‐making process on fertilization and forage management. One technique that can help manage such systems is the delineation of management zones (MZs), regions with similar yield potential and soil and topography characteristics. Thus, this paper assesses the spatial correlation between yield and potential factors affecting it, and identifies whether it is possible to establish MZs for field management of grain and forage crops in succession in ICLS. Bivariate Moran's index was used to identify the attributes most spatially correlated with the yields. Elevation, soil apparent electrical conductivity, and clay content were the most spatially correlated variables with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, while soil organic matter content and elevation were the most spatially correlated with the forage yield. Spatial principal components analysis and fuzzy c‐means clustering algorithm were combined to delineate MZs for each crop. The MZs created for soybean were statistically different in grain yield, available phosphorus (P) in the 0‐to‐0.40‐m layer and pH in the 0‐to‐0.20‐m layer. The forage MZs showed significant differences in terms of available P in the 0‐to‐0.40‐m layer. We conclude that MZs for ICLS tends to be crop specific, demanding different MZs to characterize soybean and forage spatial variability.
Fetal dural sinus malformation: A case report and discussion of the literature
Authors: Jones Jacqueline , Christie James , Woodbury Sarah , Mizia Karen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionFetal dural sinus malformation is a rare but important finding during pregnancy as it has the potential for significant complications.MethodsHere we present a case of fetal dural sinus malformation and review the current literature relevant to this condition.ResultsWe present the case of a 33‐year‐old woman who had fetal dural sinus malformation containing thrombus diagnosed at morphology ultrasound and confirmed on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serial ultrasounds demonstrated the sinus to reduce significantly in size over the course of the pregnancy. The woman delivered a healthy, term baby and there was no evidence of any neurological compromise in the early neonatal period.DiscussionThis case is in keeping with a recent systematic review, which identified 78 previous cases of fetal dural sinus thrombosis and reported good outcomes in most cases.ConclusionIt therefore appears reasonable, in most cases of isolated dural sinus malformation, to monitor the progress of the lesion and continue managing the pregnancy as usual.
Quasi‐Newtonian Approach determination of velocity profile for the fully developed axial power law fluid flow in concentric annuli
Authors: Abbasov Teymuraz , Bilgili Hatice , Sarımeşeli Paçacı Ayşe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Quasi‐Newtonian Approach has been developed for the closed‐form analytical solution of isothermic, inelastic, and steady‐state fully developed axial power law fluid flow in a concentric annuli. This approach is developed to eliminate the need to solve the two flow regions separately in the rheological flow problems. Using the approximate definition shear deformation distribution of power law rheological model, an analytical expression, which permits direct evaluation of the velocity distribution profiles, volumetric flow rate, and pressure drop in concentric annuli is derived. It is shown that all developed equations are applicable for both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian flows in concentric annuli, and these can be applied for a wider range of rheological parameters of the power law rheological model. Final analytical equations can easily be used in all theoretical and practical applications of the power law flow problems in annuli that are encountered in several interdisciplinary fields without using tables, graphs, and tedious numerical calculations. Theoretically obtained, fully developed velocity profiles are compared with the experimental results taken from the relevant literature.