bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute morphine blocks spinal respiratory motor plasticity via long‐latency mechanisms that require toll‐like receptor 4 signalling
Authors: Tadjalli Arash , Seven Yasin B. , Sharma Abhisheak , McCurdy Christopher R. , Bolser Donald C. , Levitt Erica S. , Mitchell Gordon S. 
Published: June 2021

Key points
While respiratory complications following opioid use are mainly mediated via activation of mu opioid receptors, long‐latency off‐target signalling via innate immune toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) may impair other essential elements of breathing control such as respiratory motor plasticity.
In adult rats, pre‐treatment with a single dose of morphine blocked long‐term facilitation (LTF) of phrenic motor output via a long‐latency TLR4‐dependent mechanism.
In the phrenic motor nucleus, morphine triggered TLR4‐dependent activation of microglial p38 MAPK – a key enzyme that orchestrates inflammatory signalling and is known to undermine phrenic LTF.
Morphine‐induced LTF loss may destabilize breathing, potentially contributing to respiratory side effects. Therefore, we suggest minimizing TLR‐4 signalling may improve breathing stability during opioid therapy.
AbstractOpioid‐induced respiratory dysfunction is a significant public health burden. While respiratory effects are mediated via mu opioid receptors, long‐latency off‐target opioid signalling through innate immune toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) may modulate essential elements of breathing control, particularly respiratory motor plasticity. Plasticity in respiratory motor circuits contributes to the preservation of breathing in the face of destabilizing influences. For example, respiratory long‐term facilitation (LTF), a well‐studied model of respiratory motor plasticity triggered by acute intermittent hypoxia, promotes breathing stability by increasing respiratory motor drive to breathing muscles. Some forms of respiratory LTF are exquisitely sensitive to inflammation and are abolished by even a mild inflammation triggered by TLR4 activation (e.g. via systemic lipopolysaccharides). Since opioids induce inflammation and TLR4 activation, we hypothesized that opioids would abolish LTF through a TLR4‐dependent mechanism. In adult Sprague Dawley rats, pre‐treatment with a single systemic injection of the prototypical opioid agonist morphine blocks LTF expression several hours later in the phrenic motor system – the motor pool driving diaphragm muscle contractions. Morphine blocked phrenic LTF via TLR4‐dependent mechanisms because pre‐treatment with (+)‐naloxone – the opioid inactive stereoisomer and novel small molecule TLR4 inhibitor – prevented impairment of phrenic LTF in morphine‐treated rats. Morphine triggered TLR4‐dependent activation of microglial p38 MAPK within the phrenic motor system – a key enzyme that orchestrates inflammatory signalling and undermines phrenic LTF. Morphine‐induced LTF loss may destabilize breathing, potentially contributing to respiratory side effects. We suggest minimizing TLR‐4 signalling may improve breathing stability during opioid therapy by restoring endogenous mechanisms of plasticity within respiratory motor circuits.
Functional development and regeneration of hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line
Authors: Hardy Katherine , Amariutei Ana E. , De Faveri Francesca , Hendry Aenea , Marcotti Walter , Ceriani Federico 
Published: June 2021

Key points
We investigated hair‐cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line following the application of the ototoxic compound copper.
In early‐larval zebrafish (<10 days post‐fertilisation), regenerated hair cells drive action potentials (APs) in the afferent neurons 24 h post‐copper treatment (24 hpt).
Full regeneration of the early‐larval neuromasts, the organs containing the hair cells, requires ∼48 h due to the progressive addition of hair cells and synaptic refinement.
In older larval zebrafish, regenerated hair cells are active and drive afferent APs by 48 hpt, which is comparable to larvae, but the functional recovery of their neuromasts requires >120 hpt.
Afferent terminals within the regenerating neuromast appear to initially contact supporting cells, and their complete ablation prevents the timely reappearance of supporting cells and hair cells.
We conclude that the regeneration of zebrafish neuromasts is slower after the initial developmental stages, and that the afferent input plays a key role in driving this process.
AbstractHair cells are mechanosensory receptors responsible for transducing auditory and vestibular information into electrical signals, which are then transmitted with remarkable precision to afferent neurons. Different from mammals, the hair cells of lower vertebrates, including those present in the neuromasts of the zebrafish lateral line, regenerate following environmental or chemical insults. Here we investigate the time course of regeneration of hair cells in vivo using electrophysiology, two‐photon imaging and immunostaining applied to wild‐type and genetically encoded fluorescent indicator zebrafish lines. Functional hair cells drive spontaneous action potentials in the posterior lateral line afferent fibres, the frequency of which progressively increases over the first 10 days post‐fertilisation (dpf). Higher firing‐rate fibres are only observed from ∼6 dpf. Following copper treatment, newly formed hair cells become functional and are able to drive APs in the afferent fibres within 48 h in both early‐larval (≤8 dpf) and late‐larval (12–17 dpf) zebrafish. However, the complete functional regeneration of the entire neuromast is delayed in late‐larval compared to early‐larval zebrafish. We propose that while individual regenerating hair cells can rapidly become active, the acquisition of fully functional neuromasts progresses faster at early‐larval stages, a time when hair cells are still under development. At both ages, the afferent terminals in the regenerating neuromast appear to make initial contact with supporting cells. The ablation of the lateral line afferent neurons prevents the timely regeneration of supporting cells and hair cells. These findings indicate that the afferent system is likely to facilitate or promote the neuromast regeneration process.
Transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic underpinnings of daily exercise performance and zeitgeber activity of training in mouse muscle
Authors: Maier Geraldine , Delezie Julien , Westermark Pål O. , Santos Gesa , Ritz Danilo , Handschin Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Key points
Maximal endurance performance is greater in the early daytime.
Timed exercise differentially alters the muscle transcriptome and (phospho)‐proteome.
Early daytime exercise triggers energy provisioning and tissue regeneration.
Early night‐time exercise activates stress‐related and catabolic pathways.
Scheduled training has limited effects on the muscle and liver circadian clocks.
AbstractTimed physical activity might potentiate the health benefits of training. The underlying signalling events triggered by exercise at different times of day are, however, poorly understood. Here, we found that time‐dependent variations in maximal treadmill exercise capacity of naïve mice were associated with energy stores, mostly hepatic glycogen levels. Importantly, running at different times of day resulted in a vastly different activation of signalling pathways, e.g. related to stress response, vesicular trafficking, repair and regeneration. Second, voluntary wheel running at the opposite phase of the dark, feeding period surprisingly revealed a minimal zeitgeber (i.e. phase‐shifting) effect of training on the muscle clock. This integrated study provides important insights into the circadian regulation of endurance performance and the control of the circadian clock by exercise. In future studies, these results could contribute to better understanding circadian aspects of training design in athletes and the application of chrono‐exercise‐based interventions in patients.
Investigating the Influence of Impeller Axial Thrust Balance Holes on the Flow and Overall Performance of a Cryogenic Liquid Turbine Expander
Authors: Huo Changjiang , Sun Jinju , Song Peng , Sun Shan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An excessive rotor axial thrust in any turbomachine can cause critical operational problems, and rotor axial thrust balancing has always attracted much attention. The present numerical study is focused on axial thrust balancing for a cryogenic liquid turbine expander, whose axial thrust balancing is typically challenging because of its small impeller size and large axial thrust. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is conducted in a real turbine expander environment constituted by main and gap flow domains with allowing for the thermodynamic effect of liquefied air. The balance hole influential mechanism on the main and gap flows is explored, and its influence on the expander axial thrust and overall performance is quantified. The results show that the use of balance holes creates a highly swirling gap flow, and the static pressure over the impeller disk back-side surface decreases to produce a small axial component force and axial thrust, but the turbine expander overall efficiency drops by 1.1 and 2.8 points at 100% and 50% design flow, respectively, due to an increased internal leakage loss and distorted impeller flow. In addition, a parametric study is conducted to analyze the effect of balance hole diameter, circumferential position, and radial position on expander axial thrust and overall performance. The results indicate that the axial thrust is sensitive to both the balance hole diameter and circumferential position but less sensitive to its radial position, while the overall efficiency is influenced by all three parameters.
Argon laser photocoagulation for treatment of presumed trematode-induced granulomatous anterior uveitis in children
Authors: Alsmman Alahmady Hamad , Abdalla Abdelsalam , Ezzeldawla Mohammed , Mossa Elshimaa A Mateen , Abozaid Mortada 
Published: June 2021

Background/AimsTo assess the safety and efficacy of argon laser photocoagulation as a new modality for the treatment of presumed trematode-induced granulomatous anterior uveitis (PTGAU) in children.MethodsForty-eight eyes of 48 children with PTGAU with pearl-like nodule(s) in the anterior chamber were included in this prospective non-randomised controlled clinical trial. The patients were divided into two groups: those in Group A (23 eyes) were treated with one session of argon laser applied to the anterior chamber nodules and those in Group B (25 eyes) received medical treatment in the form of topical steroid and cycloplegic eye drops with trans-septal triamcinolone injections. All cases were followed up for 3 months with measurement of visual acuity (VA), assessment of the anterior chamber reaction and measurement of the pearl-like nodule size.ResultsIn Group A, 22 eyes (95.65%) showed regression of the pearl-like nodules with resolution of the anterior chamber reaction (flare and cells) and improvement in visual acuity from 0.52±0.12 to 0.06±0.08 logMAR (p<0.001). Such improvement was maintained within the 3-month follow-up period. In Group B, 23 eyes (92%) showed initial regression of the granulomas, which was maintained in only 14 eyes (56%),with nine eyes experiencing recurrence after 3 months of follow-up.ConclusionArgon laser photocoagulation is a safe and effective novel treatment for PTGAU with pearl-like nodules in the anterior chamber in children. Larger studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.
Mechanisms of action of fascial plane blocks: a narrative review
Authors: Chin Ki Jinn , Lirk Philipp , Hollmann Markus W , Schwarz Stephan K W 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundFascial plane blocks (FPBs) target the space between two fasciae, rather than discrete peripheral nerves. Despite their popularity, their mechanisms of action remain controversial, particularly for erector spinae plane and quadratus lumborum blocks.ObjectivesThis narrative review describes the scientific evidence underpinning proposed mechanisms of action, highlights existing knowledge gaps, and discusses implications for clinical practice and research.FindingsThere are currently two plausible mechanisms of analgesia. The first is a local effect on nociceptors and neurons within the plane itself or within adjacent muscle and tissue compartments. Dispersion of local anesthetic occurs through bulk flow and diffusion, and the resulting conduction block is dictated by the mass of local anesthetic reaching these targets. The extent of spread, analgesia, and cutaneous sensory loss is variable and imperfectly correlated. Explanations include anatomical variation, factors governing fluid dispersion, and local anesthetic pharmacodynamics. The second is vascular absorption of local anesthetic and a systemic analgesic effect at distant sites. Direct evidence is presently lacking but preliminary data indicate that FPBs can produce transient elevations in plasma concentrations similar to intravenous lidocaine infusion. The relative contributions of these local and systemic effects remain uncertain.ConclusionOur current understanding of FPB mechanisms supports their demonstrated analgesic efficacy, but also highlights the unpredictability and variability that result from myriad factors at play. Potential strategies to improve efficacy include accurate deposition close to targets of interest, injections of sufficient volume to encourage physical spread by bulk flow, and manipulation of concentration to promote diffusion.
The barrow holographic dark energy-based reconstruction of f(R) gravity and cosmology with Nojiri–Odintsov cutoff
Authors: Sarkar Amrita , Chattopadhyay Surajit 
Published: June 2021

In the work reported here we have considered Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE) proposed in E. N. Saridakis, Barrow holographic dark energy, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 123525 as a special case of more generalized version of Nojiri–Odintsov holographic dark energy (NOHDE) proposed in S. I. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, Unifying phantom inflation with late-time acceleration: Scalar phantom–non-phantom transition model and generalized holographic dark energy, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 38 (2006) 1285–1304 and also reconstructed [Formula: see text] gravity with BHDE as the form of background evolution. It has been observed that in the case of BHDE reconstructed [Formula: see text] gravity the equation of state can have a transition from quintessence to phantom. In a particular case of reconstruction, possibility of Little Rip singularity has been observed. Finally, the generalized second law of thermodynamics has been found to be valid under this reconstruction scheme.
Probabilistic Data with Continuous Distributions
Authors: Grohe Martin , Lucien Kaminski Benjamin , Katoen Joost-Pieter , Lindner Peter 
Published: June 2021

Statistical models of real world data typically involve continuous probability distributions such as normal, Laplace, or exponential distributions. Such distributions are supported by many probabilistic modelling formalisms, including probabilistic database systems. Yet, the traditional theoretical framework of probabilistic databases focuses entirely on finite probabilistic databases.
Only recently, we set out to develop the mathematical theory of infinite probabilistic databases. The present paper is an exposition of two recent papers which are cornerstones of this theory. In (Grohe, Lindner; ICDT 2020) we propose a very general framework for probabilistic databases, possibly involving continuous probability distributions, and show that queries have a well-defined semantics in this framework. In (Grohe, Kaminski, Katoen, Lindner; PODS 2020) we extend the declarative probabilistic programming language Generative Datalog, proposed by (B´ar´any et al. 2017) for discrete probability distributions, to continuous probability distributions and show that such programs yield generative models of continuous probabilistic databases.
CIP2A Interacts with TopBP1 and Drives Basal-Like Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis
Authors: Laine Anni , Nagelli Srikar G. , Farrington Caroline , Butt Umar , Cvrljevic Anna N. , Vainonen Julia P. , Feringa Femke M. , Grönroos Tove J. , Gautam Prson , Khan Sofia , Sihto Harri , Qiao Xi , Pavic Karolina , Connolly Denise C. , Kronqvist Pauliina , Elo Laura L. , Maurer Jochen , Wennerberg Krister , Medema Rene H. , Joensuu Heikki , Peuhu Emilia , de Visser Karin , Narla Goutham , Westermarck Jukka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBasal-like breast cancers (BLBC) are characterized by defects in homologous recombination (HR), deficient mitotic checkpoint, and high-proliferation activity. Here, we discover CIP2A as a candidate driver of BLBC. CIP2A was essential for DNA damage–induced initiation of mouse BLBC-like mammary tumors and for survival of HR–defective BLBC cells. CIP2A was dispensable for normal mammary gland development and for unperturbed mitosis, but selectively essential for mitotic progression of DNA damaged cells. A direct interaction between CIP2A and a DNA repair scaffold protein TopBP1 was identified, and CIP2A inhibition resulted in enhanced DNA damage–induced TopBP1 and RAD51 recruitment to chromatin in mammary epithelial cells. In addition to its role in tumor initiation, and survival of BRCA-deficient cells, CIP2A also drove proliferative MYC and E2F1 signaling in basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (BL-TNBC) cells. Clinically, high CIP2A expression was associated with poor patient prognosis in BL-TNBCs but not in other breast cancer subtypes. Small-molecule reactivators of PP2A (SMAP) inhibited CIP2A transcription, phenocopied the CIP2A-deficient DNA damage response (DDR), and inhibited growth of patient-derived BLBC xenograft. In summary, these results demonstrate that CIP2A directly interacts with TopBP1 and coordinates DNA damage–induced mitotic checkpoint and proliferation, thereby driving BLBC initiation and progression. SMAPs could serve as a surrogate therapeutic strategy to inhibit the oncogenic activity of CIP2A in BLBCs.Significance:These results identify CIP2A as a nongenetic driver and therapeutic target in basal-like breast cancer that regulates DNA damage–induced G2–M checkpoint and proliferative signaling.
Learning together, learning deeper: A little teacher assisted learning engagement
Authors: Camayang Jamina G. , Bautista Romiro G. 
Published: June 2021

<span lang="EN-US">Peer mentoring in the dawn of new educational paradigms harnesses the act of becoming an educationist to facilitating learning in a peer mentoring practice. This study explored the opportunities of an emancipatory approach to teaching and learning under the thrust of learning together, learning deeper through the indulgence of little teachers under the peer mentoring scheme of learning. Employing the senior secondary education students (as little teachers), who came from their Student Teaching program from the Department of Education, and the junior secondary education students (as mentees), who enrolled in their Teaching Science in the Secondary Schools under the qualitative research design and phenomenology as point of inquiry, the following were found: Mentors in the mentoring process need to be approachable and accommodating; Mentees in the mentoring process need to be responsible with their learning task coupled with learning initiative; Enjoyable learning encounters, collaborative learning sessions, open and barrier-free communication, and close and rigid supervision through spoon feeding, modelling, and feedback are some of the perceived characteristics of an effective mentoring program; and Readiness of both mentors and mentees hinder the efficacy of the mentoring program. Owing to the results of the study, it is recommended that a formal mentoring program in the College of Teacher Education be institutionalized for it spurs extensive learning. </span>
Load flow analysis of 10 bus loop distribution network excited by a generator simulated using open modelica
Authors: Abirami P. , Ravi C. N. 
Published: June 2021

<span lang="EN-CA">In recent days, due to advancement in technology, the end users are facing severe power quality issues. Load flow analysis is one of the fundamental methodologies in solving power network problems. The key importance of Load flow analysis is to improve the performance of distribution network. The main intention of this reserach is to carry out the load flow and voltage stability analysis of 10 bus loop distribution network energized by a generator. Load flow analysis is carried out by using Newton Raphson method. The per unit voltage and angle of the proposed network is determined in all 10 buses by load flow analysis. The voltage stability analysis is implemented by introducing a fault in the network. Here, a power fault is injected at bus 4 between the time interval of 2 to 3 sec to analyse the stability of the system. The voltage stability of the system is analysed for the network with and without automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The AVR unit is tuned by using power system stabilizer (PSS). The results are examined by simulating the network using open modelica connection editor. From the simulation results the per unit voltages and angles at all 10 buses are determined for the network with and without AVR. By comparing both the results it is proved that the network with AVR has better voltage stability than the other. Thus, the voltage stability of the system is improved by connecting the generator with AVR and PSS.</span>
Textos didáticos em educação física: percepção docente sobre elaboração e utilização
Authors: Amaral Lucas Vieira do , Medeiros Flávio Roberto Carneiro de , Souza Júnior Marcílio Barbosa Mendonça de , Rosa Adriana Letícia Torres da , Melo Marcelo Soares Tavares de 
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo objetivou analisar as contribuições do processo de elaboração e de utilização de textos didáticos para a prática pedagógica a partir da percepção de quatro professores de Educação Física da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Pernambuco. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de um estudo desenvolvido numa abordagem qualitativa, que se utilizou do questionário com perguntas fechadas e da entrevista semiestruturada como técnica de coleta de dados e da análise de conteúdo categorial temática como técnica de análise de dados. Conclui-se que o processo de elaboração e de utilização de textos didáticos trazem importantes contribuições para a prática pedagógica dos professores, sobretudo no que diz respeito à qualifi cação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e à legitimidade da Educação Física como componente curricular da escola.
Qualidade de vida e autoeficácia em atletas brasileiros de voleibol de rendimento
Authors: Aizava Paulo Vitor Suto , Balbim Guilherme Moraes , Nascimento Junior José Roberto Andrade do , Papke Sidney Luciano , Fiorese Lenamar 
Published: June 2021

Este estudo investigou a associação entre a qualidade de vida (QV) e a autoeficácia de atletas de voleibol de alto rendimento. Participaram da pesquisa 86 atletas de nível municipal, estadual e nacional. Como instrumentos foram utilizados a Escala de Auto Eficácia Geral Percebida e o Formulário Curto Para Pesquisa em Saúde (SF-36). Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov Smirnov, Kurskal-Wallis, Friedman e Qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os atletas apresentaram boa QV, entretanto, não houve diferença signifi cativa em função do nível competitivo (p>0,05). Ao comparar a QV intragrupos, o domínio que mais se destacou em todos os grupos foi a capacidade funcional (p<0,05). Em relação à faixa etária, verificou-se que os atletas mais velhos apresentaram maior limitação por aspectos físicos em comparação aos adultos jovens (P<0,05), os quais por sua vez demonstraram menor QV em relação à dor em comparação com os jovens atletas (p<0,05). Os domínios de Vitalidade, Aspectos sociais e Limitação por aspectos emocionais da QV apresentaram associação com o alto nível de autoeficácia (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o contexto de alto rendimento do voleibol brasileiro pode ser considerado um ambiente propulsor de QV para os atletas, além do que a autoeficácia é um elemento interveniente na QV de atletas de voleibol de alto rendimento.