bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of Vaccination against Measles
Authors: LEWAK NORMAN 
Published: December 2021

The February, 1964, issue of Health News (a publication of the New York State Department of Health) contains an advertisement addressed to "Dear Physician" which asks the doctor to remind his patients to continue vaccination against "Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Polio, Tetanus, and Smallpox." My question is, "What happened to measles?"
All of us cheered the announcement last year that a measles vaccine would soon be available to the public. Last autumn we contemplated a spring free of miserably sick children with cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, and rash complicated by respiratory distress or encephalitis.
Understanding Your Baby Doctor's Behavior
Authors: ROSS LAWRENCE S. 
Published: December 2021

A young mother comments to her friend, "He doesn't seem to listen to me!" "Mine just won't come when I call him!" the other woman replies. Are they talking about their children? No!! They are discussing their pediatricians or "Baby Doctors."
Are Baby Doctors really as unhappy as some writers claim they are? Do they really hate all mothers? Here at last is a guide to help and reassure parents in their unending search for better understanding of their Baby Doctor.
Although there is a general pattern in the development of his behavior, it is always important to remember that your baby doctor is an individual and therefore may vary considerably in his rate of growth.
Preventing latrogenic Aspirin Poisoning
Authors: SETLEIS HOWARD 
Published: December 2021

Accidental poisoning in infancy and childhood is often preventable. The thirteenth edition of Pediatrics by Holt, McIntosh, and Barnett points out:
". . . of particular importance in salicylate poisoning is the high incidence of therapeutic over-dosage which in all instances is probably avoidable. When aspirin is recommended, the exact dose and duration of therapy should be specified, and parents should be emphatically advised not to exceed the amount prescribed. . . ."
Such advice and caution must be directed not only to parents but also to those responsible for published material of physicians who would advise other physicians in the use of acetylsalicylic acid or any other medication.
Thallitoxicosis
Authors: OLSON ROBERT L. 
Published: December 2021

The article by Drs. Smith and Doherty, entitled "Thallitoxicosis," appearing in Pediatrics, 34:480, 1964, certainly is a very excellent description of three cases of poisoning occurring in school-age children in one family.
However, I diligently searched through the article to find how these children could have gotten this poison into their systems and was disappointed that I could find no mention or supposition as to how these children received this poison. It was stated that the family did have a poison in the home that contained thallium.
III. PULMONARY DIFFUSION
Authors: DeMuth George R. , Howatt William F. 
Published: December 2021

1. Equations describing the normal variation and changes with size of the diffusing capacity (rebreathing technique) for boys and girls have been obtained from 230 observations on 139 children.
2. The use of covariance analysis on the longitudinal data reduces the residual variance by about half, indicating that in children the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, Dco, grows along growth lines. This aids in finding significant deviations from the predicted in children who are followed with repeated examinations.
3. The Dco increases with growth in a manner very similar to that of the lung volumes, not only in respect to height, but also in respect to age, weight, and surface area. The ratio Dco/TLC expresses a relationship which does not vary with body size, age, or sex in these healthy individuals. Although boys and girls have the same mean values, the correlation between each individual's values from the two series is significant for boys but not for girls.
4. The constancy of the Dco/TLC during growth supports the hypothesis that the lung grows between the ages of 5 and 18 years by the addition of new air spaces rather than by enlarging the pre-existing ones.
Travel Health Guide for Infants and Children
Authors: WEBB CLARENCE H. 
Published: December 2021

This is a handy, reliable, and inexpensive travel guide for the millions of parents who now take their children on trips, especially by automobile. It is written interestingly, is in an attractive format, and is well illustrated. An especially valuable feature is a page of Do's and Don'ts at the end of each chapter, which are eye catching and emphasize the salient points of each topic.
Chapters cover such topics as General Planning, Feeding Suggestions, Clothing and Laundry, Common Respiratory Diseases, Digestive Disorders, Common Contagious Diseases, First Aid, Swimming, Traveling with Pets, and Recreational Activities.
Measles Vaccine
Authors: HARVEY N. A. 
Published: December 2021

Formerly, the pediatrician was faced with the problem of many diseases for which he could offer no preventive measures. Now he is faced with the problem in reverse: there are so many preventive vaccines available that he has difficulty scheduling them all. He may even have to "sell" the newer agents to some mothers (already wincing inwardly at the prospect of numerous painful shots to be administered on the baby's tender bottom!).
The principle of parsimony therefore ranks high among immunization guidelines favored by many pediatricians.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: KRUGMAN SAUL 
Published: December 2021

In the introduction to our article (Pediatrics, 34:795, 1964) it is clearly stated that one inoculation of live measles vaccine is the immunization of choice for infants over 9 months of age. This regimen has obvious advantages over the combined inactivated-live measles vaccination procedures which entail multiple inoculations. On the other hand, live vaccine is not consistently immunogenic for younger infants because of the potential suppressive effect of residual passive antibody.
Passively acquired measles antibody may disappear as early as 3 months or as late as 11 months.
The Full-Time Child
Authors: SETLEIS HOWARD 
Published: December 2021

Having read "Correlates of Low Birth Weight: Psychological Status at Six to Seven Years of Age" by Weiner et al. in the March, 1965, issue of Pediatrics, perhaps the psychological stage was set for pseudo-psychological hypophesizing.
I know for a fact that many individuals reading the Summary of the article completely misread the second line. This sentence is printed as: ". . . weight children and 415 full-time children ..." Could the words "full-time" really have been an error? Could the authors, editors, and printers of Pediatrics have forgotten the use of the words "full-term"? Obviously not! "Full-term" as a descriptive classification of infants is used throughout the paper.
REDUCTION OF RADIATION EXPOSURE OF CHILDREN DURING UROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Amar Arjan D. , Chabra Kamla 
Published: December 2021

Four methods used in the urologic diagnosis of children are presented as examples of methods developed to offset hazards of radiation exposure: (1) limited area radiographic study, (2) double dose of contrast medium in excretory urography, (3) new, non-radiographic technique for demonstrating vesicoureteral reflux, (4) ciné techniques.
The development of similar types of modification to reduce radiation exposure of children is advocated for other specialties relating to the pediatric age group.
HEREDITARY RENAL DYSFUNCTION AND DEAFNESS
Authors: Cassady George , Brown Kenneth , Cohen Maimon , DeMaria William 
Published: December 2021

For the past six years we have been engaged in the study of 476 members of seven families with hereditary renal disease and deafness. We have been profoundly impressed with the commonness of the syndrome and by the wide spectrum of clinical findings with which the disorder may present. We have often uncovered the syndrome successfully mimicking acute and chronic nephritis and pyelonephritis in university hospitals and schools for the deaf, and we suspect a much greater frequency than is generally recognized.
The clinical features of families with this disorder are remarkedly similar in spite of the broad clinical spectrum of the disease in individual patients. This had led us to consider the syndrome as a single disease state.
Males with deafness in the first two decades of life have more severe renal impairment, and risk of early death is much higher in this group. A significant number of males were found to have little hearing impairment early in life and, although urinary sediment abnormalities were present, to run a more chronic course. Late in life this group has unequivocal evidences of renal disease and progressive hearing impairment, but a shortened life span does not seem to be characteristic. Urinary sediment in both groups of males is characterized by red cells; proteinuria and (less frequently) pyuria are sometimes associated with the hematuria, and on rare occasion isolated pyuria may be present. Otitis media is suggestively but not significantly increased in our affected males; eye defects, particularly myopic refractive errors, are significantly increased in the affected females.
No single, simple diagnostic test has been found. The importance of a careful history and repeated urine examination and a high index of suspicion when these techniques reveal abnormality has been shown, and certain clinical criteria for diagnosis which have proven of value have been offered.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AND CARDIAC DISEASE IN INFANCY
Authors: Rudolph Abraham M. 
Published: December 2021

THE commonly recognized causes of respiratory distress during infancy are pulmonary or tracheobronchial pathology, cardiac failure, and cerebral disease. The various mechanisms by which cardiac disease may produce increased respiratory effort are not, however, generally appreciated, with resultant confusion in the management of the underlying problem.
The major pathological physiologic disturbances producing respiratory distress (in association with heart disease) are pulmonary edema and severe metabolic acidosis. Pulmonary edema occurs either in left ventricular failure or in association with lesions resulting in an obstruction of the pulmonary venous return. Metabolic acidosis is related to severe hypoxia which is the major manifestation of several types of cardiac anomaly.
The respiratory pattern associated with pulmonary edema is that of tachypnea to rates of 60-100/min, with initially only mild increased effort. Rales are not usually heard until a considerable amount of fluid has entered the alveoli; thus absence of this clinical sign does not exclude the diagnosis. In advanced pulmonary edema, marked air hunger appears and in young infants head retraction with gasping respiration may occur, presenting an appearance of an obstructed airway. Cyanosis is usually only of mild degree unless associated with cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Left ventricular failure and pulmonary venous congestion are far more frequently observed in heart disease in infancy than right-sided failure. It is surprising that most descriptions of heart failure in infancy stress hepatomegaly as one of the earliest signs of failure. However, respiratory distress as manifested by tachypnea and dyspnea is usually the first evidence of cardiac failure in infancy, and hepatomegaly and other evidences of right-sided failure occur much later.
A Defective Extra Chromosome Associated with Clinicial 17-18 Trisomy Syndrome
Authors: MILLER JAMES Q. , ROSTAFINSKI MICHAEL J. , HYDE MARGARET S. 
Published: December 2021

A male infant was found to have many clinical features typical of 17-18 trisomy. However he had an unusual chromosome defect which has not previously been reported, an additional medium chromosome with arms of equal length. Its structure is compatible with that of a 17-18 long-arm isochromosome.
His clinical features and postmortem findings are compared to those associated with usual 17-18 trisomy, and support the thesis that he possessed a defective additional 17 or 18 chromosome.
Reports of such defective extra chromosomes are rare. Additional studies are needed to confirm or to disprove an association between such clinical and chromosome defects.
"Neonatal Hepatitis" in Twin Pregnancy
Authors: WONG PAUL W. K. , BURNSTINE RICHARD C. , HSIA DAVID YI-YUNG 
Published: December 2021

The familial nature of "neonatal hepatitis" has been known far some years. The present paper reports on the occurrence of this condition in one of dizygotic twins.
Case Report
A.B., a white female, was first admitted to the Children's Memorial Hospital at the age of 2 months with a history of persistent jaundice. She was the first born of a twin pregnancy with a birth weight of 5 lb (2.3 kg). Jaundice was first noted within a few hours after birth and increased in intensity as the child grew older. The stools were light and the urine dark. Despite a good appetite, the weight gain had been poor.
Importance of Vaccination Against Measles
Authors: MUSIKER SEYMOUR B. 
Published: December 2021

In Pediatrics for September (34:438, 1964) Dr. Lewak presented a problem to the Academy and to pediatricians throughout the country. I have patiently waited for a response either by comment or letter. There has been none. I served with Dr. Lewak along with some 35-40 other house officers and shared in his experience.
Gentlemen, in 1963, more than 400 people died from measles. In 1964, the figure was close to 500. Dr. Terry, Surgeon General of the United States, reports that this is the leading killer of the infectious diseases.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: LEWAK NORMAN 
Published: December 2021

A letter of mine printed in this column in September, 1964 (p. 438) outlined my experience with the unnecessary measles epidemic of 1964. In that letter I urged that a national campaign be instituted to convince the public that measles is a deadly disease and to inform them that a vaccine is available.
Since September I have written many letters to organizations and news media and the response has been poor. Everyone is interested but no one thinks the public can be moved.
CORE TEMPERATURE IN INFANTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
Authors: Baum David , Mullins Gay 
Published: December 2021

A study of "deep rectal temperature" was performed in 25 unwarmed infants less than 2 years of age undergoing cardiac catheterization. All 13 children (including 3 unsedated infants) whose body temperature fell 2° C or more were 6 months of age or less. Temperatures dropped 1.1° C or less in the remaining 12 patients, all of whom were 6 months of age or more. In general, those children who suffered the greatest falls were smaller, less well nourished and had larger surface areas relative to body mass. In addition, arterial desaturation was found more often in these patients.
Hypothermia and its complications have been prevented in 16 infants undergoing cardiac catheterization with the assistance of a safe, simple warming device. The young patients warmed were similar to the 13 unwarmed infants found to develop hypothermia in environmental conditions comfortable for laboratory personnel.
Not only is hypothermia in infancy a hazard per se, it is without apparent metabolic advantage. Furthermore, the alterations in oxygen consumption that occur with cold in these small patients may invalidate any calculations that assume stable oxygen consumption. Therefore, it is concluded that hypothermia should be avoided in the young infant studied in the cardiovascular laboratory. The warming system presented in this report is suggested as a method with which this undesirable condition may be prevented.
THE TRICEPS SKINFOLD AS A PREDICTIVE MEASURE OF BODY DENSITY AND BODY FAT IN OBESE ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Authors: Seltzer Carl C. , Goldman Ralph F. , Mayer Jean 
Published: December 2021

The relationship of body density to skinfolds, anthropometric measurements, and indices is studied in a series of 32 obese adolescent girls. The possibility of using various skinfolds as predictors of density was tested. Triceps skinfold is suggested as the best simple predictor of body density (and hence percentage total body fat) in obese adolescent girls. For this population, the following regression equation is recommended for the prediction of body density from the triceps skinfold measurement.
body density = 1.1516 - 0.09256 log triceps skinfold
In recognition of the need for a more objective definition of obesity as well as for a simple, reasonable precise method for estimating the degree of obesity of the individual based on actual fat content, it is proposed that adolescent girls with triceps skinfold thickness 25 mm and over should be characterized as obese; and a conversion table is presented for the direct estimation of body density and percentage body fat from triceps skinfold thickness in obese adolescent females ages 12-18.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: HYALINE MEMBRANE SYNDROME
Authors: Smith Clement A. 
Published: December 2021

THE usual introductory note above should sufficiently explain why this short paper is added to the many and longer ones on a subject now actively influenced not only by investigation but also by speculation and innovation.
Few pathological states can confront the conscientious pediatrician with more doubt as to the plan he should follow or with more difficulty in knowing whether his plan is actually effective. Exact diagnosis and evidence of ultimate failure of treatment are available if the infant dies and an autopsy can be performed. But equally exact diagnosis and equally clear evidence that treatment has influenced the outcome are unfortunately not available if the infant recovers. Not only does recovery occur in about half of all cases in which the clinical diagnosis of hyaline membrane syndrome (H.M.S.) is reasonable, but recovery in milder cases may begin within a few hours of onset and is always essentially established within a few days. Clinical (and even chemical) response to therapy is hard to identify with certainty under such rapidly changing conditions. To some extent these same difficulties apply also to the evaluation of measures for prevention.
Clinical Diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis of H.M.S.(for which the reader may substitute other designations, including the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) so long as he recognizes the same syndrome under his designation) should begin with history and physical examination. In the author's hospital, at least one chest roentgenogram is usually included, as well as some or all of the chemical measurements described below. Because laboratory and clinical resources for diagnosis and treatment of so common a condition will necessarily vary, simpler procedures will be presented, although their derivation from more elaborate ones will occasionally be described.
Nuclear Projections of Neutrophils in the D (13-15) Trisomy Syndrome
Authors: HECHT FREDERICK , SCOTT C. RONALD 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this letter is to provide criticism of a recent paper (Pediatrics, 35:712, 1965) in which nuclear projections in the neutrophils of one boy with 13-15 trisomy were compared to those from 7 "normal controls," 4 of whom were females. The findings suggested to the authors that "the presence of nuclear projections in neutrophils is not of practical value in the diagnosis of the 13-15 trisomy syndrome in the neonatal period."
We are critical of the authors' choice of controls and disagree with their conclusions for the following reasons: (1) The 4 female "controls" had a significantly greater mean number of projections per cell than did the 3 male controls (P &lt; 0.001).
Letters to the Editor
Authors: LEWIN RICHARD A. 
Published: December 2021

I must agree with Dr. Shaw that the term pilonidal sinus, like so many medical terms in common use, is an unwanted legacy of former days. I used it only because its meaning is generally understood, and I cannot believe that a term such as presacral sinus, which Dr. Shaw uses to describe a lesion lying posterior to the sacrum, is any less inaccurate or misleading.
As for the evidence presented in the case report, I was at great pains to point out that there could be proof of the diagnosis without biopsy; but I contest his implied assumption that such a diagnosis cannot be made on clinical and anatomical grounds alone.
ESOPHAGEAL HIATUS HERNIA IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: Humphreys G. H. , Wiedel P. D. , Baker D. H. , Berdon W. E. 
Published: December 2021

Observations on the treatment and course of 34 patients with esophageal hiatus hernia seen at the Babies Hospital in New York between 1943 and 1963 have been reviewed. These patients, ranging from birth to 12 years of age when first seen, presented symptoms of vomiting in the first weeks or months of life in the majority of cases. Sixteen were treated without operation (5 being asymptomatic). Twelve of these had good or fair results; 2 died.
Eighteen were treated surgically, twenty-three operations being performed. Results are not comparable, since those surgically treated represent, in general, patients in whom the diagnosis was made too late for effective non-surgical treatment. Fifteen obtained good results, seven by simple transthoracic repair and eight following esophagectomy. Five operations failed, requiring reoperation. There were two deaths.
Overestimation of Nutritional Requirements; Leucine-Sensitive Hypoglycemia
Authors: FORBES GILBERT B. 
Published: December 2021

A number of factors conspire to promote overnutrition for the modern child. One such factor–the overestimation of nutritional requirements–is illustrated by the report of H. Roth and S. Segal (Pediatrics, 34:831, 1964) on the dietary treatment of leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia.
I refer to the statement that the proposed diet involves a ". . . limitation of dietary protein, but sufficient protein is supplied to fulfil the minimum requirement" (italics mine). The leader is then directed to a diet providing 40-44 gm of protein (of which about 30 gm is from animal sources) for a child of 18-36 months of age.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: WRIGHT F. HOWELL , BEEM MARC O. 
Published: December 2021

Elsewhere in this issue of Pediatrics, Drs. Canby and Redd describe experiences which clearly controvert our categoric banishment of tracheotomy in the treatment of bronchiolitis. We ought to have been more temperate and said that tracheotomy should be considered only in unusual circumstances–a view with which Dr. Canby apparently agrees.
It is interesting to speculate upon why the infants he described had unusual trouble—trouble which in at least two instances was noted to come on suddenly in the course of a routine attack of bronchiolitis.
Encephalopathy or Encephalitis-like Syndrome
Authors: Scurletis Theodore D. 
Published: December 2021

The recent publication of Gerald S. Golden, M.D. (Pediatrics, 36:67, 1965) entitled "encephalopathy and Fatty Change in the Liver and Kidney" describes the case of a child who died of encephalitic-like disease. I quote from his article:
"Reports of a new syndrome, the chief manifestations of which are hypoglycorrhachia, disturbances of the state of consciousness, and vomiting, are reviewed and a case presented. The pathological manifestations are quite consistent and include massive fatty infiltration of the liver without necrosis, fatty changes in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, and deposits of fat in the endothelium of many of the cerebral vessels.