bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-2D lead halide perovskite gain materials toward electrical pumping laser
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Qin Chuanjiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quasi two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskite materials have shown outstanding performance in various photoelectric devices, including perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and perovskite optical pumping lasers. Due to the structure diversity of bulky organic cation, the photoelectric property for quasi-2D perovskite materials is flexible to be tuned. The spontaneously formed quantum-well structures allow rapid and efficient energy funneling from low-n domains to high-n domains, contributing to high exciton utilization for perovskite LEDs and low threshold for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and optical pumping perovskite lasers. Moreover, the hydrophobic bulky organic cations benefit to improve the environmental and operating stability owning to the better moisture tolerance and defects passivation ability. In this review, we will primarily introduce the quasi-2D lead halide perovskite materials from the structure to their optical and electrical properties. Then, we will focus on the advances of optical pumping lasers based on quasi-2D lead halide perovskite materials as gain mediums. Especially, more attention will be paid to perovskite lasers using distributed feedback (DFB) and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavities. Furthermore, the key issues to realize quasi-2D perovskite-based electrical pumping lasers will be discussed.
Synthesis and crystal structure analyses of tri-substituted guanidine-based copper(II) complexes
Authors: Said Muhammad , Rehman Sadia , Ikram Muhammad , Khan Hizbullah , Schulzke Carola 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Three guanidine-derived tri-substituted ligands viz. N-pivaloyl-N′,N″-bis-(2-methoxyphenyl)guanidine (L1), N-pivaloyl-N′-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N″-phenylguanidine (L2) and N-pivaloyl-N′-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N″-(2-tolyl)guanidine (L3) were reacted with Cu(II) acetate to produce the corresponding complexes. The significance of the substituent on N″ for the resulting molecular structures and their packing in the solid state has been studied with respect to the structural specifics of the corresponding Cu(II) complexes. The key characteristic of the guanidine-based metal complexation with Cu(II) is the formation of an essentially square planar core with an N2O2 donor set. As an exception, in the complex of L1, the substituent’s methoxy moiety also interacts with the Cu(II) center to generate a square-pyramidal geometry. The hydroxyl groups of the imidic acid tautomeric forms of L1–L3, in addition to N″, are also bonded to Cu(II) in all three complexes rather than the nitrogen donor of the guanidine motif.
Tamaño de muestras para funciones de tablas de contingencia vía algoritmos genéticos Pre-print (versión 1; artículo en revisión: en espera de revisión)
Authors: Bustos Polo Oveida Rosa 
Published: March 2021

La metodología GSK propuesta por Grizzle, Starmer y Koch (1969), enmarca su metodología en el análisis de regresión y el método de mínimos cuadrados ponderados, para la estimación de parámetros de un modelo donde las variables respuestas son funciones generadas de una tabla de contingencia, y en particular para modelar variables respuestas que tienen una distribución multinomial.
El método de estimación por mínimos cuadrados ponderados, debido a la naturaleza asintótica de sus pruebas estadísticas, necesita un tamaño maestral mínimo para obtener resultados contables. Prácticamente cada procedimiento estadístico necesita su propio desarrollo para el cálculo del tamaño maestral requerido. En el análisis de tablas de contingencia, dependiendo del interés del investigador, se debe proceder a realizar cálculos específicos al problema de interés.
La metodología GSK permite desarrollar soluciones a muy diversos problemas en el caso de tablas de conteo y la determinación de tamaños muestrales en este caso es un problema complejo, ya que se involucran varias poblaciones multinomiales y funciones de los parámetros de estas poblaciones, que son el objetivo del investigador.
Fine Particles in Wildfire Smoke and Pediatric Respiratory Health in California
Authors: Aguilera Rosana , Corringham Thomas , Gershunov Alexander , Leibel Sydney , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Exposure to airborne fine particles with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) pollution is a well-established cause of respiratory diseases in children; whether wildfire-specific PM2.5 causes more damage, however, remains uncertain. We examine the associations between wildfire-specific PM2.5 and pediatric respiratory health during the period 2011–2017 in San Diego County, California, and compare these results with other sources of PM2.5.

METHODS:
Visits to emergency and urgent care facilities of Rady’s Children Hospital network in San Diego County, California, by individuals (aged ≤19 years) with ≥1 of the following respiratory conditions: difficulty breathing, respiratory distress, wheezing, asthma, or cough were regressed on daily, community-level exposure to wildfire-specific PM2.5 and PM2.5 from ambient sources (eg, traffic emissions).

RESULTS:
A 10-unit increase in PM2.5 (from nonsmoke sources) was estimated to increase the number of admissions by 3.7% (95% confidence interval: 1.2% to 6.1%). In contrast, the effect of PM2.5 attributable to wildfire was estimated to be a 30.0% (95% confidence interval: 26.6% to 33.4%) increase in visits.

CONCLUSIONS:
Wildfire-specific PM2.5 was found to be ∼10 times more harmful on children’s respiratory health than PM2.5 from other sources, particularly for children aged 0 to 5 years. Even relatively modest wildfires and associated PM2.5 resolved on our record produced major health impacts, particularly for younger children, in comparison with ambient PM2.5.
Novel approach in measurement instrument based on computer
Authors: Al-Rawi Muaayed F. , Al-Rawi Muhanned F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost applications in engineering use a data acquisition device hooked up to a personal computer for data processing. Finding less costly, easily accessible and reliable devices will make personal computer (PC) based data acquisition systems less difficult. A soundcard may be used as such a device for it is standard in almost every PC. It can also process any voltage signal within its limits. This paper proposes a way to enable the PC to be used as an oscilloscope. A voltage signal is acquired via the soundcard LINE IN port. The maximum and minimum input signal amplitude requirements for the soundcard are established to be +1 V and –1 V respectively. Based on these findings, hardware circuitry is designed to clip any high amplitude input signals to the range of ±1 V while allowing low amplitude signals to go through to the soundcard unclipped. MATLAB is then employed to acquire, process and display the signal. The final output from MATLAB is compared with the original signal to determine accuracy of the designed oscilloscope. Analysis of the results obtained shows that the final oscilloscope designed enables the soundcard to process input signals with a high level of accuracy. The final design yields a hardware cost at a fraction of an iPod while providing an elegant user interface. This makes it suitable for college students, basement hackers and even professional engineers.
Die Bündelung familienbezogener Leistungen bei einem Parafiskus. Eine Zusammenfassung bisheriger Überlegungen und eine Einordnung in die aktuelle Debatte
Authors: Spieß C. Katharina 
Published: March 2021

In Germany, support for families includes diverse types of financial and material aid. These different programs are not aligned and coordinated, but rather stand alone alongside each other and are far from being transparent. This article argues that this situation could be remedied by grouping the various family-related support measures within a single family support agency as a parafiscal institution. Here we summarize the basic advantages and disadvantages of parafiscal institutions and evaluate them in the context of family-related support measures. Then we examine the aspect of self-administration, which has taken a prominent role in the debate on parafiscal institutions. The paper concludes by outlining further parameters for the design, financing, and range of services that could be offered by a family parafiscus. However, a detailed discussion of the services offered by a family parafiscus would require systematic evaluation of the overall system. In the medium term, there is substantial evidence that efforts should begin to integrate the family-related support measures provided by the social insurance system with other support measures provided by the federal government in a single family support agency.
Zusammenfassung
Familienbezogene Leistungen umfassen in Deutschland eine Vielzahl von Sach- und Geldleistungen. Diese Leistungen sind nicht aufeinander abgestimmt, stehen häufig unverbunden nebeneinander und sind wenig transparent. Die Bündelung familienbezogener Maßnahmen bei einer Familienkasse als Parafiskus könnte, so die zentrale Aussage dieses Beitrags, Abhilfe schaffen. Die grundsätzlichen Vor- und Nachteile parafiskalischer Institutionen werden zusammengefasst und es wird diskutiert, wie diese im Kontext familienbezogener Leistungen zu bewerten sind. Daran anschließend wird der Aspekt der Selbstverwaltung beleuchtet, da er in der Debatte um Parafisken einen prominenten Stellenwert einnimmt. Der Beitrag schließt mit der Skizzierung weiterer Ausgestaltungsparameter eines Familienparafiskus, seiner Finanzierung und des Leistungsspektrums. Eine Diskussion um den Leistungskatalog eines Familienparafiskus setzt allerdings eine systematische Evaluierung des Gesamtsystems voraus. Mittelfristig spricht einiges dafür mit einer Integration der familienbezogenen Maßnahmen in der Sozialversicherung und anderer beim Bund angesiedelter familienbezogener Leistungen in eine Familienkasse zu beginnen.
Dyadisches Coping Inventar (DCI): Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung des partnerschaftlichen Umgangs mit Stress
Authors: Gmelch Simone , Bodenmann Guy , Meuwly Nathalie , Ledermann Thomas , Steffen-Sozinova Olga , Striegl Katja 
Published: March 2021

Stress and coping in couples are increasingly conceptualized as dyadic phenomena. One tool for the assessment of dyadic coping processes in couples is the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI), a further development of the formerly used Dyadic Coping Questionnaire (FDCT-N, Bodenmann 2000). The psychometrics of the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) have been examined in a large validation study involving a total of N = 2,399 subjects. The results provide empirical evidence for the quality of the test. The theoretically postulated dimensions of dyadic coping were empirically supported by factor analyses. The internal consistencies of the total scale and the different subscales were good. The test-retest-correlation reveals that the questionnaire is sensitive for change. The construct validity is given, the criterion validity satisfactory. Furthermore cut-off criteria are presented to differentiate between couples depending on their quality of dyadic coping. The DCI is suitable for clinical research (e.g. intervention research), couples diagnostic, evaluation of couples therapy, developmental or health psychology.
Zusammenfassung
Stress und Stressbewältigung werden innerhalb von Partnerschaften zunehmend als dyadische Phänomene begriffen. Um dieser Sichtweise diagnostisch Rechnung zu tragen, wird das Dyadische Coping Inventar (DCI) zur Erfassung des partnerschaftlichen Umgangs mit Stress vorgestellt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Weiterentwicklung des Fragebogens zum dyadischen Coping (FDCT-N, Bodenmann 2000). Die faktorielle und psychometrische Überprüfung erfolgte an insgesamt N = 2399 Personen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Testgüte des Instruments. Die theoretisch postulierte Faktorenstruktur konnte durch Faktorenanalysen empirische Evidenz finden. Die internen Konsistenzen fielen insgesamt gut aus, die Test-Retest-Korrelationen lagen erwartungsgemäß im mittleren Bereich. Die Konstruktvalidität war ebenfalls gut, die kriterienbezogene Validität befriedigend. Weiterhin werden Cut-Off-Werte präsentiert, die erlauben, Paare nach der Güte des dyadischen Copings einzuteilen. Das DCI eignet sich gleichermaßen für klinische Fragestellungen (z.B. Interventions-forschung), Partnerschaftsdiagnostik und Therapieevaluation sowie für entwicklungs- oder gesundheitspsychologische Fragestellungen.
Familiensoziologische Analysepotenziale des Mikrozensus
Authors: Lengerer Andrea , Janßen Andrea , Bohr Jeanette 
Published: March 2021

As a representative sample of households the German Microcensus contains information about the size, the composition of households and the relations among the members of the households. Since 1996, in addition to the identification of households and families, a new kind of social unit is identified in the Microcensus: living arrangements. The central aim of this new concept is to take cohabitation as a new form of partnership into account. As a result, the analytical potential of the Microcensus is highly expanded. The article deals with several topics: First, the concepts and definitions of the official statistics and their implementation in the Microcensus will be explained. Second, the empirical differences between the traditional concept of families and the concept of living arrangements are of interest. Third, to show their analytical potential for empirical research concerning families and living arrangements both the possibilities and the limits of the Microcensus data will be presented. Furthermore, we will discuss the consequences of the new survey design of the Microcensus since 2005 for the analysis of family-related questions.
Zusammenfassung
Als Haushaltsstichprobe enthält der Mikrozensus Informationen über die Größe und Zusammensetzung von Haushalten sowie über Beziehungen der Haushaltsmitglieder untereinander. Neben Haushalten und Familien werden seit 1996 auch Lebensformen als soziale Einheiten in den Daten abgegrenzt. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Konzeptes steht die Berücksichtigung unverheiratet zusammenlebender Paare, wodurch sich das familienwissenschaftliche Analysepotenzial des Mikrozensus beträchtlich erweitert hat. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir die Konzepte und Definitionen der amtlichen Statistik sowie ihre Umsetzung im Mikrozensus vor und gehen der Frage nach, welche empirischen Unterschiede sich bei der Betrachtung (familialer) Lebensformen nach dem traditionellen Familienkonzept und dem neuen Konzept der Lebensformen ergeben. Um das Analysepotenzial des Mikrozensus für die empirisch arbeitende Familienforschung aufzuzeigen, werden neben den Möglichkeiten auch die Grenzen und Restriktionen des Arbeitens mit den Daten sowie die Neuerungen des veränderten Erhebungsdesigns des Mikrozensus ab 2005 und deren Folgen für die Analysen familiensoziologischer Fragestellungen dargestellt.
Funcionalista, determinista e reducionista: o feminismo da reprodução social e seus críticos
Authors: Arruzza Cinzia 
Published: March 2021

A noção de reprodução social articulada pelo feminismo marxista, no interior de uma teoria unitária da opressão de gênero e do capitalismo, foi acusada no passado de ser ou funcionalista ou econômica e biologicamente determinista. Essas acusações baseiam-se em uma incompreensão fundamental das noções marxistas de produção e de reprodução e de um entendimento reifi cado do que a sociedade capitalista é. Ademais, frequentemente aquelas que criticaram a compreensão feminista marxista de reprodução social não foram capazes de oferecer uma alternativa sólida e acabaram emimpasses teóricos ainda maiores, particularmente exemplifi cados pelas teorias dos sistemas duplos e triplos. No sentido contrário, a noção de reprodução social tem o potencial de evitar esses impasses, enquanto concomitantemente sugere uma perspectiva não-reducionista do modo capitalista de produção: aquele no qual o capital não é considerado como o sujeito de um processo estritamente “econômico”.
Mensagem ecológica ao camarada Marx
Authors: Löwy Michael 
Published: March 2021

A presente carta dialoga criticamente com o trabalho de Marx sobre o tema da ecologia. Apresenta os aspectos da teoria marxiana que podem ser mobilizados para a reﬂexão contemporânea sobre a destruição do meio ambiente avançada pelo capitalismo, bem como os aspectos questionáveis presentes na mesma teoria que dizem respeito às relações entre seres humanos e natureza.
A pederastia se tornou política, Moor!
Authors: Toitio Rafael Dias 
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do texto foi dialogar com Marx sobre a análise marxista da diversidade sexual e de gênero, sobretudo para entender o atual momento histórico. Após uma rápida análise da história da relação entre marxismo e luta LGBT, a carta procura reﬂetir sobre qual marxismo precisamos hoje, principalmente do ponto de vista daestratégia de este se constituir novamente como teoria hegemônica do conjunto das lutas sociais.
O socialismo marxista não fcou para trás, é nosso futuro
Authors: Krausz Tamás 
Published: March 2021

A presente carta realiza uma interpretação crítica dos regimes soviéticos do Leste Europeu mobilizando a categoria “socialismo de Estado” e polemizando com a perspectiva que interpreta tais regimes a partir da ideia de “capitalismo de Estado”. Ademais, a carta apresenta ainda uma leitura sobre o socialismo enquanto estágio inferior do capitalismo.
“A martelada da revolução”
Authors: Lemos Patrícia Rocha , Areco Sabrina 
Published: March 2021

Este texto foi apresentado originalmente como intervenção de Michael Löwy na conferência organizada pela Société internationale Rosa Luxemburg realizada em 2013 na cidade de Paris. Foi publicado, em setembro de 2016, na revista Agone 59 – Révolution et démocratie. Actualité de Rosa Luxemburg [Revolução e democracia. Atualidade de Rosa Luxemburgo], sob o título de “Le coup de marteau de la révolution”: La critique de la démocratie bourgeoise chez Rosa Luxemburg. A publicação do número especial da revista e o evento dedicado à Rosa inserem-se no conjunto de atividades vinculadas ao trabalho, ainda em andamento, de publicação de suas obras completas na França pelas edições Agone e o coletivo Smolny. A tradução e a apresentação deste artigo aos Cadernos Cemarx foram motivadas pelo significativo movimento de difusão das obras de Rosa Luxemburgo nos últimos anos no Brasil e pelo crescente debate em torno de suas ideias. O autor Michael Löwy é conhecido do público marxista e seu texto chega a nós em momento bastante pertinente em que a questão da democracia está no centro do debate político do país.
Gostaríamos de agradecer imensamente a Michael Löwy, por autorizar a publicação traduzida de seu texto. Esclarecemos que as palavras destacadas em negrito ou itálico foram reproduzidas exatamente como o original enviado pelo autor. Aos livros citados no original adicionamos a referência da edição brasileira para aquelas que encontramos traduzidas. As notas da tradução foram identificadas como N. T. Esperamos que as reflexões aqui postas possam contribuir para revisitarmos as ideias de Rosa tanto como um corpo teórico, por muito tempo secundarizado pelos estudiosos marxistas, como também enquanto estímulo para repensar os limites e possibilidades da democracia burguesa e os caminhos necessários para a transformação da nossa sociedade.
The prospects for lasting peace and security in Burundi towards development
Authors: Chigudu Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Since independence, Burundi has endured civil war episodes, five successful and two unsuccessful coup d’états. The instability resulted in the collapse of the economy despite the consummation of the Arusha Agreement. This study moves away from the propensity to only view the security challenges as pitting Tutsis and Hutus. Such an analytical tendency generates distortions. This study was qualitative and employed a systematic review research methodology in identifying relevant texts. Document analysis was then used to interpret meaning from documents giving them voice over the study area. The main findings were hinged on conflict causes, key assumptions, violence and instability in the past, impunity and governance, the approach to political realism, truth and reconciliation constraints. This study concludes that although power-sharing could be a necessary move as a measure of building confidence, sharing power is not an adequate condition for sustainable development and peace.
Exploring the relationship between Job autonomy and employee engagement in turbulent times
Authors: Kidane Abay , Xuefeng Zhao 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to develop and test a holistic model that depicts and examines the relationships among job autonomy, its drivers, as well as autonomous motivation and influence employee engagement. This research is among the first works to deal with such a complex framework that considers the interrelationships among numerous constructs and their effects on employee engagement. A questionnaire was designed to measure the influence of Job autonomy and its drivers on employee engagement while taking into consideration the impact of turbulent times and organizational commitment on these relationships. Data collected from a sample of 317 respondents working in Ethiopian commercial banks were used to test the proposed relationships. The relationships were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using the Smart PLS 3 software and SPSS version 26. PLS is a well-established technique for estimating path coefficients in structural models and has been widely used in a number of research studies. The proposed model proved to be fit. The findings of this study suggest that creating job autonomy and assuring autonomous motivation, may help companies gain employee engagement and enhance their performance. The adoption and implementation of such activities are driven by method, criteria, and scheduling autonomy. The successful implementation of these practices requires considering the level of turbulent environment and organizational tenure. The hypotheses were supported, and implications were discussed