bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy and safety of antihyperglycemic drug classes for patients with type 2 diabetes following failure with metformin monotherapy: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zheng Hui , Sigal Ronald J. , Coyle Doug , Bai Zemin , Johnston Amy , Elliott Jesse , Hsieh Shuching , Kelly Shannon E. , Chen Li , Skidmore Becky , Toupin‐April Karine , Wells George A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of antihyperglycemic agents, taken in combination with metformin, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA previous 2016 comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL was updated to October 2018, and a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) was conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with T2DM taking an antihyperglycemic agent in combination with metformin were included. Bayesian NMA was performed to assess the relative efficacy and safety of the antihyperglycemic classes.ResultsIn total, 204 RCTs were included, which assessed the efficacy and safety of eight antihyperglycemic drug classes (i.e., sulfonylureas, meglitinides, alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, basal and biphasic insulin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose cotransport‐2 inhibitors). All drug classes significantly reduced haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared to metformin monotherapy (mean reduction from 0.50 to 0.92). The drug classes varied in their relative effects on hypoglycemia, body weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the classes had differing safety profiles on total adverse events, urogenital adverse events, heart failure, serious adverse events, and withdraw due to adverse events.ConclusionsAll eight antihyperglycemic drug classes, taken in combination with metformin, reduced HbA1c levels; however, the effects of the agents on other outcomes varied among the classes.
Using retrospective life tables to assess the effect of extreme climatic conditions on ungulate demography
Authors: Peláez Marta , San Miguel Alfonso , Rodríguez‐Vigal Carlos , Moreno‐Gómez Ángel , García del Rincón Amanda , Perea García‐Calvo Ramón 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn Mediterranean areas, severe drought events are expected to intensify in forthcoming years as a consequence of climate change. These events may increase physiological and reproductive stress of wild populations producing demographic changes and distribution shifts. We used retrospective life tables to understand demographic changes on a wild population after severe drought events. We studied the impact of two extreme events (2003 and 2005) on the population dynamics of our model species, the red deer (Cervus elaphus). During both years, population density was high (40 and 36 ind/100 ha, respectively). Thus, we reconstructed retrospectively the age structure of the female part of the population for the period 2000–2010 by using data of known‐age individuals culled during the period 2000–2019 (n = 4176). Also, based on previous study results, we aimed to validate this methodology. Both extremely dry years, 2003 and 2005, produced marked and lasting cohort effects on population demography. Age pyramid the following years (2004 and 2006) revealed that the extreme drought caused the female fawn cohort to be similar or even smaller than the yearling cohort. Furthermore, these cohort effects were still perceptible 3 years after these severe events. Results agree with previous findings that showed a negative effect of severe drought events on female pregnancy rates and conception dates. Although simple, this study provides an empirical quantification of the demographic effects of severe drought events for a wild population which might be useful to understand future demographic changes under the context of climate change.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Substitution Patterns in Lithium Germanides: The Case of Li15Ge4vs Li14ZnGe4
Authors: Osman Hussien H. , Bobev Svilen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new ternary lithium zinc germanide, Li13.83Zn1.17(2)Ge4, was synthesized by a high‐temperature solid state reaction of the respective elements. The crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. The new phase crystallizes in the body‐centered cubic space groupI3d(no. 220) with unit cell parameter of 10.695(1) Å. The crystal structure refinements show that the parent Li15Ge4structure is stabilized as Li15−xZnxGe4(x≈1) via random substitution of Li atoms by the one‐electron‐richer atoms of the element Zn, by virtue of which the number of valence electrons increases, leading to a more electronically stable system. The substitution effects in the parent Li15Ge4structure were investigated through both theory and experiment, which confirm that the Zn atoms in this structure prefer to occupy only one of the two available crystallographic sites for Li. The preferred substitution pattern established from experimental results is supported by DFT electronic structure calculations, which also explore the subtleties of the chemical bonding and the electronic properties of the title compounds.
One‐Pot Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐α‐carbolines via Cascade Reactions of Iminoindolines with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Bromides of Nitroalkenes
Authors: Sivanandan Sudheesh T. , Chauhan Diksha , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA mild and metal‐free method for the one‐pot synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydro‐α‐carbolines from Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) bromides of nitroalkenes and iminoindolines has been demonstrated. Cascade reaction of MBH bromides with tosyliminoindolines occurs with regio‐ as well as diastereoselectivity in a formal [3+3] manner to form various tetrahydro‐α‐carbolines with wide substrate scope under mild conditions. All the products were obtained in high yields within a short reaction time. Also, the synthetic efficiency of the methodology was demonstrated by a gram scale experiment and by further converting them into 3‐nitro‐α‐carbolines.
Social determinants of health and cognitive performance of older adults living in rural communities: The Three Villages Study
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Rumbea Denisse A. , Recalde Bettsy Y. , Sedler Mark J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThere is limited information on factors associated with poor cognitive performance in rural settings of Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries. Using the Three Villages Study Cohort, we assessed whether social determinants of health (SDH) play a role in cognitive performance among older adults living in rural Ecuador.MethodsAtahualpa, El Tambo and Prosperidad residents aged ≥60 years received measurement of SDH by means of the Gijon Scale together with a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The association between SDH and cognitive performance (dependent variable) was assessed by generalized linear models, adjusted for demographics, years of education, cardiovascular risk factors, symptoms of depression and biomarkers of structural brain damage.ResultsWe included 513 individuals (mean age: 67.9 ± 7.3 years; 58% women). The mean score on the Gijon scale was 9.9 ± 2.9 points, with 237 subjects classified as having a high social risk (≥10 points). The mean MoCA score was 19.6 ± 5.4 points. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing showed an inverse linear relationship between SDH and MoCA scores. SDH and MoCA scores were inversely associated in linear models adjusted for clinical covariates (β: −0.17; 95% C.I.: −0.32 to −0.02;p = 0.020), neuroimaging covariates (β: −0.17; 95% C.I.: −0.31 to −0.03;p = 0.018), as well as in the most parsimonious model (β: −0.16; 95% C.I.: −1.30 to −0.02;p = 0.026).ConclusionsStudy results provide robust evidence of an inverse association between SDH and cognitive performance. Interventions and programs aimed to reduce disparities in the social risk of older adults living in underserved rural populations may improve cognitive performance in these individuals.
Acquired mild cognitive impairment in adults with Down syndrome: Age‐related prevalence derived from single point assessment data normed by degree of intellectual disability
Authors: Oliver Chris , Adams Dawn , Holland Anthony J. , Brown Stephanie S. G. , Ball Sarah , Dodd Karen , Carr Janet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at significant risk for early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), likely due to the triplication of genes on chromosome 21 that facilitate AD neuropathology. To aid the effective early diagnosis of dementia in DS, we demonstrate the strategy of using single point assessment of cognitive performance with scoring normed for degree of intellectual disability to generate age related prevalence data for acquired mild cognitive impairment (AMCI).MethodsFour hundred and twelve adults with DS were assessed using the Neuropsychological Assessment of dementia in adults with Intellectual Disability. Normative data, banded by degree of intellectual disability, allowed identification of AMCI by atypical deviation from expected performance.ResultsAMCI was evident in approximately 20% of adults with DS aged 40 and under, 40% aged 41–50 and 45% aged 51 and over. Relative risk increased significantly in those aged 46 and over. Analysis of prevalence by 5‐year age bands revealed two peaks for higher prevalence of AMCI.ConclusionsPsychometric data indicate single point assessment of AMCI is possible for the majority of adults with DS. Two peaks for age‐related prevalence of AMCI suggest the risk for onset of AD conferred by trisomy of chromosome 21 is moderated by another factor, possibly ApoE status.
Hydrological process knowledge in catchment modelling – Lessons and perspectives from 60 years development
Authors: Refsgaard Jens Christian , Stisen Simon , Koch Julian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrological process knowledge has advanced significantly during the past six decades. During the same period catchment models have undergone major developments including simple black box models, lumped conceptual models, hydrological response unit models, spatially distributed process‐based models and, recently, the emergence of machine learning hybrid models. This development has been enabled by improved understanding of hydrological processes together with ever increasing computer power and improved availability and accessibility of data. During the first couple of decades, a key assumption motivating the development towards increasing complexity of model codes was that more detailed process description would lead to more accurate model simulations and enable prediction of impacts from human activities that previous models were not able to provide. Subsequently, scientific tests showed that this is very often not the case, leading towards a recognition of the importance of careful model evaluation accounting for key uncertainties in data, model parameters and model conceptual understanding. We have reviewed 54 model studies from the past 60 years and characterized them with respect to model type, spatial discretization and model evaluation techniques. This showed clear development trends and different strategies for enhancing hydrological process knowledge in models. In addition, we present a case study, where we use two models for the same catchment. The models are identical except for the spatial discretization of 100 m and 500 m, respectively. The two models have an apparent equal performance measured against standard calibration metrics, but nevertheless show large differences when considering detailed process information such as partitioning of streamflow components and water table depth patterns, that was not considered during the model calibration process. The paper discusses perspectives for enhancing hydrological process knowledge in future catchment modelling concluding that the emergence of big data is likely to become a major game changer.
Dynamic and causality linkages from transportation services and tourism development to economic growth and carbon emissions: New insights from Quantile ARDL approach
Authors: Sun Yunpeng , Kamran Hafiz Waqas , Razzaq Asif , Qadri Faisal Sultan , Suksatan Wanich 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates the pathway toward sustainability in Malaysia while observing the effects of tourism and transportation services on economic growth and carbon emissions. The study applied the quantile autoregressive distributed lag approach during the period 1970–2018, along with Granger causality to explore dynamic and asymmetric causal associations between the proposed variables. The empirical outcomes indicate that the error correction parameters are significant across major quantiles, confirming the presence of steady-state equilibrium in the long run. The results demonstrate that tourism and transportation services contribute significantly to economic growth in the long run; however, their contribution varies at different quantiles. On the other hand, tourism and transportation services were found to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions mainly across higher emission quantiles, confirming the sustainability of the transportation and tourism sector in Malaysia. We also observe a bidirectional causality between model variables. These results suggest important policy implications. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1272–1287. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
This study investigates the asymmetric trends of tourism and transport services using novel quantile ARDL framework. Tourism and transportation services significantly contribute to economic growth. Tourism and transportation services were found to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions mainly across higher emissions quantiles. Environmental impact of tourism and transport services was significantly varied across lower, medium, and higher quantiles.
Real‐time automated segmentation of breast lesions using CNN‐based deep learning paradigm: Investigation on mammogram and ultrasound
Authors: Atrey Kushangi , Singh Bikesh Kumar , Roy Abhijit , Bodhey Narendra Kuber 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe existing studies involving single imaging modalities (i.e., mammogram (MG) or ultrasound (US)) to detect breast lesions have demonstrated limited clinical application because radiologists rarely interpret an MG without a corresponding US and vice‐versa. Thus, this article aims to develop a Computer Aided Segmentation (CAS) system for detecting breast lesions in both MG and US. A customized convolutional neural network (CNN) is adopted for this purpose. A new real‐time bi‐modal database of MG and US is used for dual‐modality evaluation. Twelve performance measures, five shape measurements, area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and paired T‐test are used to assess the performance of proposed CAS system. A Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.64 (for MG) and 0.77 (for US) and Jaccard Index (JI) of 0.53 (for MG) and 0.64 (for US) indicate that the US can be used as an adjunct technique to MG in the segmenting breast lesions.
Ex vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of porcinedura matersupported by optical clearing
Authors: Jaafar Ali , Holomb Roman , Sdobnov Anton Y. , Ocskay Zsombor , Jakus Zoltán , Tuchin Valery V. , Veres Miklós 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of tissue optical clearing (TOC) to increase the probing depth and observe in‐depth structure of the ex vivo porcinedura materwas studied by confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM). Raman intensities were significantly increased at the depth of 250 μm for all collagen bands after treatment with glycerol. The influence of glycerol on collagen hydration was also investigated. The results indicate that the process of TOC can be divided into three main steps. The first one is a fast process of tissue dehydration accompanied by collagen shrinkage while the second relatively slow process is related to the glycerol penetration into the interfibrillar space of collagen combined with swelling of tissue. The third step is collagen dissociation caused by the high concentration of glycerol. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first example to introduce the TOC technique in assisting CRM of ex vivodura materin‐depth probing.
Evaluation of the biological and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate‐based and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela Cardoso , Pinheiro Lucas Siqueira , Nunes Júlia Silveira , de Almeida Mendes Roberta , Schuster Cláudia Daniela , Soares Renata Grazziotin , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , de Figueiredo José Antônio Poli , Grecca Fabiana Soares 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiocompatibility, dimensional stability, radiopacity, flow, and low solubility are the characteristics of an ideal endodontic sealer. This study evaluated and compared in vivo and in vitro biological and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate‐based sealers: Sealer Plus BC (BC), MTA Fillapex (MF); and resin‐based sealers: AH Plus (AHP) and Sealer Plus (SP). Apical papilla cells were exposed to sealer extracts and subjected to MTT, SRB, scratch, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity (ALP) and Alizarin red staining (ALZ) assays. Sealers were histologically evaluated in connective tissue of Wistar rats in different periods. Radiopacity, film thickness, flow, setting time, pH and element analyses were investigated. BC had better results compared to AHP and MF at hour 72 for MTT assay (p < .05), and the highest cell viability under SRB (p < .05). All sealers presented ALP activity. BC presented the highest mineralized deposition under ALZ (p < .05). BC and MF promoted wound healing. All sealers induced an initial inflammation reaction that decreased over time. Eosinophils were observed at day 7 in MF (p < .05). Despite MF did not present final setting time, the sealers properties were in accordance to ISO 6876/2012 and ASTM C266‐08. All sealers presented cell viability and biocompatibility. BC presented higher pH values and bioactivity. The materials tested showed physico‐chemical properties in accordance with standards, except for MF setting time.
Noncognate HER2 sensitivity to cognate EGFR allosteric inhibitors at molecular level: New uses for old drugs in gynecological tumors
Authors: He Xin , Hao Ye , Liu Xiaoyan , Guan Jing , Wang Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of the ErbB family kinases is a well‐established therapeutic target for malignant lung cancer, which, however, has been observed to cause the dramatic drug resistance to almost all first‐ to third‐generation ATP‐competitive inhibitors with the T790M/C797S double‐mutation at the peripheral region of its kinase active site. In recent years, allosteric inhibition of the EGFR kinase domain has evolved rapidly to overcome these clinically significant drug‐resistant mutations, leading to the discovery of a number of EGFR allosteric inhibitors. In the present study, we attempted to systematically evaluate the molecular sensitivity of existing cognate EGFR allosteric inhibitors to their noncognate HER2 target –– another druggable ErbB member that is a potential therapeutic target of diverse gynecological tumors such as breast, cervical and ovarian cancers, and shares high conservation with EGFR but still has no cognate allosteric inhibitors specifically developed for it. An integrative strategy that combined molecular modeling and biochemical inhibition assay was described to investigate the structural basis, energetics property, and dynamics behavior involved in the intermolecular interaction between the HER2 kinase domain and nine reported EGFR allosteric inhibitors at a molecular level. The inhibitor response to HER2 T798M/C805S double‐mutation was also examined and compared with their response to counterpart EGFR T790M/C797S double‐mutation. It is revealed that the EGFR allosteric inhibitors can also effectively target HER2 kinase with a similar or moderately decreased potency; they exhibit a consistent response profile to EGFR and HER2 counterpart mutations. In addition, the HER2 T798M mutation was found to considerably sensitize allosteric inhibitors EAI045 and JBJ‐04‐125‐02 by creating additional noncovalent interactions between them, while the HER2 C805S mutation was observed to have no essential effect on most allosteric inhibitors due to its spatial separation from the kinase allosteric site.
Genetic research and clinical analysis of β‐globin gene cluster deletions in the Chinese population of Fujian province: A 14‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Chen Meihuan , Zhang Min , Chen Lingji , Lin Na , Wang Yan , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeterozygotes of HPFH and δβ thalassemia are clinically asymptomatic or have mild hemoglobin (Hb) values. However, when both HPFH and δβ‐thalassemia are coinherited with heterozygous β‐thalassemia, patients may progress to a clinical phenotype of thalassemia intermedia or thalassemia major. The purpose of this study was to characterize the genotypes and analyze the phenotypes of these disorders in Fujian Province, to offer advice for genetic counseling and accurate prenatal diagnosis in this region. A total of 55 001 subjects were participated in thalassemia screening. 142 subjects with HbF levels ≥10%, before the blood transfusion, were selected for further investigation.MethodsMultiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and Gap‐PCR were used to screen for three β‐globin gene cluster deletions: Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0 thalassemia and Southeast Asia HPFH (SEA‐HPFH) deletion and 1357 bp deletion (NG‐000007.3:g.69997‐71353 del 1357).ResultsA total of 142 patients with HbF (≥10%) were enrolled to characterize the molecular basis of β‐globin gene cluster deletions in our study; 22 cases 0.04% (22/55 001) were definitively diagnosed with β‐globin gene cluster deletions. Ten cases were heterozygous for the Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0‐thal mutations, 10 cases were heterozygous for SEA‐HPFH, and one case was compound heterozygous for SEA‐HPFH and the α‐thal mutation. The 1357 bp deletion (NG‐000007.3:g.69997‐71353 del 1357) was detected in one case. Moreover, the hemoglobin A2 levels in patients who were heterozygous for Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0‐thal were statistically lower than in cases with SEA‐HPFH deletion(p < 0.05).ConclusionIn Fujian Province, the prevalence of common β‐globin gene cluster deletions was 0.04%. What's more, the most common β‐globin cluster deletions are the Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0 and SEA‐HPFH.
Transgender community resilience on YouTube: Constructing an informational, emotional, and sociorelational support exchange
Authors: Rothbaum Beatrice , Etengoff Chana , Uribe Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis strength‐based, mixed‐methods study explored how trans individuals utilize transvlogs as a community building and resilience resource. Eighty‐six transvlog viewers explained their motivation for viewing transvlogs and additionally rated their self‐efficacy and well‐being. Narrative analyses indicate that participants viewed transvlogs to gain informational, emotional, and sociorelational resources. Twelve percent of participants additionally shared those resources with others and contributed to a relational resilience exchange. In addition, transvlog viewers' self‐efficacy and well‐being scores were higher than previously reported means. While prior research has noted the benefits of transvlog creation, the present study furthers this study by suggesting that transvlog viewers interactionally benefit as well. Participants in this study were not passive viewers, but rather active, agentive contributors to a trans community resilience exchange. Building on this study, we conclude with a discussion of how therapists can incorporate extant trans‐created resources to foster trans community resilience.