bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spermidine-induced recovery of human dermal structure and barrier function by skin microbiome
Authors: Kim Gihyeon , Kim Misun , Kim Minji , Park Changho , Yoon Youngmin , Lim Doo-Hyeon , Yeo Hyeonju , Kang Seunghyun , Lee Yeong-Geun , Beak Nam-In , Lee Jongsung , Kim Sujeong , Kwon Jee Young , Choi Won Woo , Lee Charles , Yoon Kyoung Wan , Park Hansoo , Lee Dong-Geol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn unbalanced microbial ecosystem on the human skin is closely related to skin diseases and has been associated with inflammation and immune responses. However, little is known about the role of the skin microbiome on skin aging. Here, we report that the Streptococcus species improved the skin structure and barrier function, thereby contributing to anti-aging. Metagenomic analyses showed the abundance of Streptococcus in younger individuals or those having more elastic skin. Particularly, we isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus from face of young individuals. Treatment with secretions of S. pneumoniae and S. infantis induced the expression of genes associated with the formation of skin structure and the skin barrier function in human skin cells. The application of culture supernatant including Streptococcal secretions on human skin showed marked improvements on skin phenotypes such as elasticity, hydration, and desquamation. Gene Ontology analysis revealed overlaps in spermidine biosynthetic and glycogen biosynthetic processes. Streptococcus-secreted spermidine contributed to the recovery of skin structure and barrier function through the upregulation of collagen and lipid synthesis in aged cells. Overall, our data suggest the role of skin microbiome into anti-aging and clinical applications.
Quercetin 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentamethyl ether from Kaempferia parviflora directly and effectively activates human SIRT1
Authors: Zhang Mimin , Lu Peng , Terada Tohru , Sui Miaomiao , Furuta Haruka , Iida Kilico , Katayama Yukie , Lu Yi , Okamoto Ken , Suzuki Michio , Asakura Tomiko , Shimizu Kentaro , Hakuno Fumihiko , Takahashi Shin-Ichiro , Shimada Norimoto , Yang Jinwei , Ishikawa Tsutomu , Tatsuzaki Jin , Nagata Koji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is a crucial regulator that produces multiple physiological benefits, such as the prevention of cancer and age-related diseases. SIRT1 is activated by sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs). Here, we report that quercetin 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentamethyl ether (KPMF-8), a natural STAC from Thai black gingerKaempferia parviflora, interacts with SIRT1 directly and stimulates SIRT1 activity by enhancing the binding affinity of SIRT1 with Ac-p53 peptide, a native substrate peptide without a fluorogenic moiety. The binding affinity between SIRT1 and Ac-p53 peptide was enhanced 8.2-fold by KPMF-8 but only 1.4-fold by resveratrol. The specific binding sites of KPMF-8 to SIRT1 were mainly localized to the helix2–turn–helix3 motif in the N-terminal domain of SIRT1. Intracellular deacetylase activity in MCF-7 cells was promoted 1.7-fold by KPMF-8 supplemented in the cell medium but only 1.2-fold by resveratrol. This work reveals that KPMF-8 activates SIRT1 more effectively than resveratrol does.
Climate change threatens Chinook salmon throughout their life cycle
Authors: Crozier Lisa G. , Burke Brian J. , Chasco Brandon E. , Widener Daniel L. , Zabel Richard W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWidespread declines in Atlantic and Pacific salmon (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus spp.) have tracked recent climate changes, but managers still lack quantitative projections of the viability of any individual population in response to future climate change. To address this gap, we assembled a vast database of survival and other data for eight wild populations of threatened Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). For each population, we evaluated climate impacts at all life stages and modeled future trajectories forced by global climate model projections. Populations rapidly declined in response to increasing sea surface temperatures and other factors across diverse model assumptions and climate scenarios. Strong density dependence limited the number of salmon that survived early life stages, suggesting a potentially efficacious target for conservation effort. Other solutions require a better understanding of the factors that limit survival at sea. We conclude that dramatic increases in smolt survival are needed to overcome the negative impacts of climate change for this threatened species.
Endosomal TLR3 co-receptor CLEC18A enhances host immune response to viral infection
Authors: Huang Ya-Lang , Huang Ming-Ting , Sung Pei-Shan , Chou Teh-Ying , Yang Ruey-Bing , Yang An-Suei , Yu Chung-Ming , Hsu Yu-Wen , Chang Wei-Chiao , Hsieh Shie-Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman C-type lectin member 18A (CLEC18A) is ubiquitously expressed in human, and highest expression levels are found in human myeloid cells and liver. In contrast, mouse CLEC18A (mCLEC18A) is only expressed in brain, kidney and heart. However, the biological functions of CLEC18A are still unclear. We have shown that a single amino acid change (S339 →R339) in CTLD domain has profound effect in their binding to polysaccharides and house dust mite allergens. In this study, we further demonstrate that CLEC18A and its mutant CLEC18A(S339R) associate with TLR3 in endosome and bind poly (I:C) specifically. Compared to TLR3 alone, binding affinity to poly (I:C) is further increased in TLR3-CLEC18A and TLR3-CLEC18A(S339R) complexes. Moreover, CLEC18A and CLEC18A(S339R) enhance the production of type I and type III interferons (IFNs), but not proinflammatory cytokines, in response to poly (I:C) or H5N1 influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, ROSA-CLEC18A and ROSA-CLEC18A(S339R) mice generate higher amounts of interferons and are more resistant to H5N1 IAV infection. Thus, CLEC18A is a TLR3 co-receptor, and may contribute to the differential immune responses to poly (I:C) and IAV infection between human and mouse.
Ex vivo visualization of RNA polymerase III-specific gene activity with electron microscopy
Authors: Manger Sina , Ermel Utz H. , Frangakis Achilleas S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe direct study of transcription or DNA–protein-binding events, requires imaging of individual genes at molecular resolution. Electron microscopy (EM) can show local detail of the genome. However, direct visualization and analysis of specific individual genes is currently not feasible as they cannot be unambiguously localized in the crowded, landmark-free environment of the nucleus. Here, we present a method for the genomic insertion of gene clusters that can be localized and imaged together with their associated protein complexes in the EM. The method uses CRISPR/Cas9 technology to incorporate several genes of interest near the 35S rRNA gene, which is a frequently occurring, easy-to-identify genomic locus within the nucleolus that can be used as a landmark in micrographs. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate the incorporation of the locus-native gene RDN5 and the locus-foreign gene HSX1. This led to a greater than 7-fold enrichment of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes associated with the genes within the field of view, allowing for a significant increase in the analysis yield. This method thereby allows for the insertion and direct visualization of gene clusters for a range of analyses, such as changes in gene activity upon alteration of cellular or external factors.
Temporal association between human upper respiratory and gut bacterial microbiomes during the course of COVID-19 in adults
Authors: Xu Rong , Lu Renfei , Zhang Tao , Wu Qunfu , Cai Weihua , Han Xudong , Wan Zhenzhou , Jin Xia , Zhang Zhigang , Zhang Chiyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19. It infects multiple organs including the respiratory tract and gut. Dynamic changes of regional microbiomes in infected adults are largely unknown. Here, we performed longitudinal analyses of throat and anal swabs from 35 COVID-19 and 19 healthy adult controls, as well as 10 non-COVID-19 patients with other diseases, by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a partitioning of the patients into 3-4 categories based on microbial community types (I-IV) in both sites. The bacterial diversity was lower in COVID-19 patients than healthy controls and decreased gradually from community type I to III/IV. Although the dynamic change of microbiome was complex during COVID-19, a synchronous restoration of both the upper respiratory and gut microbiomes from early dysbiosis towards late more diverse status was observed in 6/8 mild COVID-19 adult patients. These findings reveal previously unknown interactions between upper respiratory and gut microbiomes during COVID-19.
Efficient alkane oxidation under combustion engine and atmospheric conditions
Authors: Wang Zhandong , Ehn Mikael , Rissanen Matti P. , Garmash Olga , Quéléver Lauriane , Xing Lili , Monge-Palacios Manuel , Rantala Pekka , Donahue Neil M. , Berndt Torsten , Sarathy S. Mani 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxidation chemistry controls both combustion processes and the atmospheric transformation of volatile emissions. In combustion engines, radical species undergo isomerization reactions that allow fast addition of O2. This chain reaction, termed autoxidation, is enabled by high engine temperatures, but has recently been also identified as an important source for highly oxygenated species in the atmosphere, forming organic aerosol. Conventional knowledge suggests that atmospheric autoxidation requires suitable structural features, like double bonds or oxygen-containing moieties, in the precursors. With neither of these functionalities, alkanes, the primary fuel type in combustion engines and an important class of urban trace gases, are thought to have minor susceptibility to extensive autoxidation. Here, utilizing state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, measuring both radicals and oxidation products, we show that alkanes undergo autoxidation much more efficiently than previously thought, both under atmospheric and combustion conditions. Even at high concentrations of NOX, which typically rapidly terminates autoxidation in urban areas, the studied C6–C10 alkanes produce considerable amounts of highly oxygenated products that can contribute to urban organic aerosol. The results of this inter-disciplinary effort provide crucial information on oxidation processes in both combustion engines and the atmosphere, with direct implications for engine efficiency and urban air quality.
Organophotocatalytic dearomatization of indoles, pyrroles and benzo(thio)furans via a Giese-type transformation
Authors: Zhang Yueteng , Ji Peng , Gao Feng , Dong Yue , Huang He , Wang Changqing , Zhou Ziyuan , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccessing fascinating organic and biological significant indolines via dearomatization of indoles represents one of the most efficient approaches. However, it has been difficult for the dearomatization of the electron deficient indoles. Here we report the studies leading to developing a photoredox mediated Giese-type transformation strategy for the dearomatization of the indoles. The reaction has been implemented for chemoselectively breaking indolyl C=C bonds embedded in the aromatic system. The synthetic power of this strategy has been demonstrated by using structurally diverse indoles bearing common electron-withdrawing groups including (thio)ester, amide, ketone, nitrile and even aromatics at either C2 or C3 positions and ubiquitous carboxylic acids as radical coupling partner with high trans-stereoselectivity (>20:1 dr). This manifold can also be applied to other aromatic heterocycles including pyrroles, benzofurans and benzothiophenes. Furthermore, enantioselective dearomatization of indoles has been achieved by a chiral camphorsultam auxiliary with high diastereoselectivity.
Universal mobility characteristics of graphene originating from charge scattering by ionised impurities
Authors: Gosling Jonathan H. , Makarovsky Oleg , Wang Feiran , Cottam Nathan D. , Greenaway Mark T. , Patanè Amalia , Wildman Ricky D. , Tuck Christopher J. , Turyanska Lyudmila , Fromhold T. Mark 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPristine graphene and graphene-based heterostructures can exhibit exceptionally high electron mobility if their surface contains few electron-scattering impurities. Mobility directly influences electrical conductivity and its dependence on the carrier density. But linking these key transport parameters remains a challenging task for both theorists and experimentalists. Here, we report numerical and analytical models of carrier transport in graphene, which reveal a universal connection between graphene’s carrier mobility and the variation of its electrical conductivity with carrier density. Our model of graphene conductivity is based on a convolution of carrier density and its uncertainty, which is verified by numerical solution of the Boltzmann transport equation including the effects of charged impurity scattering and optical phonons on the carrier mobility. This model reproduces, explains, and unifies experimental mobility and conductivity data from a wide range of samples and provides a way to predict a priori all key transport parameters of graphene devices. Our results open a route for controlling the transport properties of graphene by doping and for engineering the properties of 2D materials and heterostructures.
Revealing the intrinsic superconducting gap anisotropy in surface-neutralized BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2
Authors: Xin Ziming , Wang Yudi , Cai Cong , Wang Zhengguo , Chen Lei , Han Tingting , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlkaline-earth iron arsenide (122) is one of the most studied families of iron-based superconductors, especially for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. While extensive photoemission results have been obtained, the surface complexity of 122 caused by its charge-non-neutral surface is rarely considered. Here, we show that the surface of 122 can be neutralized by potassium deposition. In potassium-coated BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2, the surface-induced spectral broadening is strongly suppressed, and hence the coherent spectra that reflect the intrinsic bulk electronic state recover. This enables the measuring of superconducting gap with unpreceded precision. The result shows the existence of two pairing channels. While the gap anisotropy on the outer hole/electron pockets can be well fitted using an s± gap function, the gap anisotropy on the inner hole/electron shows a clear deviation. Our results provide quantitative constraints for refining theoretical models and also demonstrate an experimental method for revealing the intrinsic electronic properties of 122 in future studies.
Photovoltaic neurointerface based on aluminum antimonide nanocrystals
Authors: Han Mertcan , Bahmani Jalali Houman , Yildiz Erdost , Qureshi Mohammad Haroon , Şahin Afsun , Nizamoglu Sedat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLight activated modulation of neural activity is an emerging field for the basic investigation of neural systems and development of new therapeutic methods such as artificial retina. Colloidal inorganic nanocrystals have great potential for neural interfaces due to their adjustable optoelectronic properties via high-level structural, compositional, and size control. However, toxic heavy metal content (e.g., cadmium, mercury), electrochemical coupling to the cells and low photon-to-current efficiency limit their effective use. Here, we introduce the use of aluminum antimonide (AlSb) nanocrystals as the cell interfacing layer for capacitive neural stimulation in the blue spectrum. We demonstrate successful photostimulation of primary hippocampal neurons below ocular safety limits. In addition, our device shows high biocompatibility in vitro and passive accelerated ageing tests indicate a functional lifetime over 3 years showing their feasible use for chronic implants. We demonstrate that nanocrystal biointerfaces hold high promise for future bioelectronics and protheses.
Biological nitrous oxide consumption in oxygenated waters of the high latitude Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rees Andrew P. , Brown Ian J. , Jayakumar Amal , Lessin Gennadi , Somerfield Paul J. , Ward Bess B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is important to the global radiative budget of the atmosphere and contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Globally the ocean represents a large net flux of N2O to the atmosphere but the direction of this flux varies regionally. Our understanding of N2O production and consumption processes in the ocean remains incomplete. Traditional understanding tells us that anaerobic denitrification, the reduction of NO3− to N2 with N2O as an intermediate step, is the sole biological means of reducing N2O, a process known to occur in anoxic environments only. Here we present experimental evidence of N2O removal under fully oxygenated conditions, coupled with observations of bacterial communities with novel, atypical gene sequences for N2O reduction. The focus of this work was on the high latitude Atlantic Ocean where we show bacterial consumption sufficient to account for oceanic N2O depletion and the occurrence of regional sinks for atmospheric N2O.
Chemolithotrophy on the Noachian Martian breccia NWA 7034 via experimental microbial biotransformation
Authors: Milojevic Tetyana , Albu Mihaela , Kölbl Denise , Kothleitner Gerald , Bruner Robert , Morgan Matthew L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultiple lines of evidence indicate an active hydrogeological history of Mars and chemolithoautotrophy-suited environments within its Noachian terrains. As a result, one of the primary aims of upcoming missions to Mars is to search for signs of ancient life. Here we report on laboratory-scaled microbially assisted chemolithoautotrophic biotransformation of the Noachian Martian breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 composed of ancient (~4.5 Gyr old) crustal materials from Mars. Nanoanalytical hyperspectral analysis provides clues for the trafficking and distribution of meteorite inorganic constituents in the microbial cell. We decipher biomineralization patterns associated with the biotransformation and reveal microbial nanometer-sized lithologies located inside the cell and on its outer surface layer. These investigations provide an opportunity to trace the putative bioalteration processes of the Martian crust and to assess the potential biogenicity of Martian materials.
The vulnerability of lakes to climate change along an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Råman Vinnå Love , Medhaug Iselin , Schmid Martin , Bouffard Damien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudies of future 21stcentury climate warming in lakes along altitudinal gradients have been partially obscured by local atmospheric phenomena unresolved in climate models. Here we forced the physical lake model Simstrat with locally downscaled climate models under three future scenarios to investigate the impact on 29 Swiss lakes, varying in size along an altitudinal gradient. Results from the worst-case scenario project substantial change at the end of the century in duration of ice-cover at mid to high altitude (−2 to −107 days), stratification duration (winter −17 to −84 days, summer −2 to 73 days), while lower and especially mid altitude (present day mean annual air temperature from 9 °C to 3 °C) dimictic lakes risk shift to monomictic regimes (seven out of the eight lakes). Analysis further indicates that for many lakes shifts in mixing regime can be avoided by adhering to the most stringent scenario.
Diagnosis and detection of dynamic eccentricity fault for permanent magnet transverse flux generator
Authors: Pourmoosa Ali. A. , Ghods Mehrage , Faiz Jawad , Vaez‐Zadeh Sadegh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe authors analyse no‐load and full‐load performance of a permanent magnet transverse flux generators (PMTFGs) in fully aligned condition as well as under different types of mechanical faults including static eccentricity (SE), dynamic eccentricity (DE), inclined rotor (IR) and run‐out (RO) faults. An analytical model is developed to calculate the air‐gap permeance. This permeance is used to estimate the flux density and back‐electromotive force in the healthy and faulty machine. Performance of the machine is predicted using the proposed analytical model and verified by comparing it with the results obtained using three‐dimensional time stepping finite element method. Finally, the spectra of stator current in the PMTFG under SE, DE, IR and OR faults are determined through which the amplitude of side‐band components with a specific frequency pattern is extracted. It can detect the eccentricity fault precisely, recognise its type and determines its severity.
Design of highly compact short‐time duty power inductors for supercapacitor charging applications
Authors: Zhang Xinsheng , Wang Ruitian , Xiao Fei , Fan Xuexin , Yang Guorun , Yang Beichao 
Published: February 2021

For medium‐voltage, large‐capacity, multi‐output supercapacitor charging applications, power inductors play an important role in filtering and energy storage. For a short‐time duty power inductor, the major design challenge is accurate transient thermal prediction, which goes beyond the scope of the empirical method. A transient thermal model that considers water‐cooling plates was constructed to predict thermal performance. On this basis, this study presents a novel multi‐objective optimisation design method, where the analytical method and the finite‐element method were combined through programming control to balance accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, a short‐time duty 400 kW/182 A/2 kHz/15 kV power inductor prototype was designed and manufactured. Compared with the results of the 30‐minute thermal experiment, the calculation error is no >7.0%, which is significant for the accurate and highly compact design of the short‐time duty power inductor.
Estimation of electric and magnetic fields in a 230 kV electrical substation using spatial interpolation techniques
Authors: Fontgalland Glauco , de Andrade Humberto D. , de Figueiredo Ana L. , Queiroz Idalmir de S. , De Oliveira Alexandre H. S. , Paiva José L. S. , Sousa Matheus E. T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study presents the estimation of the electric and magnetic fields level inside a 400 MVA electrical substation. Located in the northeast region of Brazil, the power plant operates with 230 and 69 kV at 60 Hz frequency. The on‐site measurements were performed at previously selected locations covering the whole courtyard and followed the international and national regulatory standards. The electrical and magnetic fields 2‐D contour maps over the entire courtyard are presented, which allow better visualisation and analysis of the exposure levels around all equipment. By using the GoldenSurfer V.13 tool, eight interpolation methods were applied to predict unsampled locations. The plots were made using the method that best fit the sampled dataset after the cross‐validation technique is used. The measurements were taken during six days during a period of 16 h on 741 locations. For this electrical substation, the maps validate the high electric field level close to breakers and switches at 230 kV and high magnetic field close to equipment operating at 69 kV. The comparison between the exposure levels and those established in current guidelines indicate that the electromagnetic environment on this substation is safe for the occupational population as well as for the general public.