bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permeability Analysis of Hydrate-Bearing Porous Media Considering the Effect of Phase Transition and Mechanical Strain during the Shear Process
Authors: Zhou S. S. , Li M. , Wu P. , Liu Y. , Zhang L. X. , Yang L. , Li Y. H. , Zhao J. F. , Song Y. C. 
Published: October 2021

Summary
The permeability characteristics of hydrate-bearing reservoirs are critical factors governing gas and water flow during gas hydrate exploitation. Herein, X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) and the pore network model (PNM) are applied to study the dynamic gas and water relative permeabilities (krg and krw) of hydrate-bearing porous media during the shear process. As such, the dynamic region extraction method of hydrate-bearing porous media under continuous shear is adopted by considering deformation in the vertical direction. The results show that krw and krg of hydrate-bearing porous media are influenced by the effect of disordered sand particle movement under axial strain. Declines in the critical pore structure factors (pore space connectivity, pore size, and throat size) contribute to the reduction in krw and the increase in krg. However, krg decreases during the shear process at a high water saturation (Sw) because of the high threshold pressure and flow channel blockage. In addition, the connate water saturation (Swc) continuously increases during the shear process. Swc is influenced by pore size, throat size, and flow channel blockage. Moreover, the preferential flow direction of krg and krw changes during the continuous shear process. The results of dynamic permeability evolution during the continuous shear process under triaxial stress provide a reference for pore-scale gas and water flow regulation analysis.
Understanding regional mechanics of rat myocardia by fitting hyperelatsic models
Authors: Nemavhola Fulufhelo , Ngwangwa Harry , Pandelani Thanyani , Davies Neil , Franz Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Availability of biaxial mechanical data for heart myocardia remains high in demand for the development of accurate and detailed computational models. The aim of this study is to study the regional difference of wall mechanics using rat heart in the left ventricle (LV), septal wall (STW) and right ventricle (RV). This was achieved by conducting a biaxial test on three rat heart myocardia (i.e LV, RV and STW). Fung, Choi-Vito, Polynomial (Anistropic), Four-Fiber family, Holzapfel (2000) and Holzapfel (2005) hyperelastic models were selected and fitted on the bixial data of the LV, RV and STW. The best hyperelastic model was the selected based on evaluation index (EI) determined from the coefficient of determination (R2). All the six models were then compared in all three rat heart myocardia. The results show that the Polynomial (Anisotropic) model outperforms the other five models in all myocardial tissues with EI’s above 90 % goodness of fit. The Four-fiber-family and the two Holzapfel models perform equally in the LV and STW myocardial tissue between 50 and 70 % goodness of fit. The Fung and Choi-Vito models yielded poor goodness of fit in the LV and STW myocardial tissues. Parameter fitting is useful method in advancing reliable data to be used in the development of accurate computational models.
Pyruvate Kinase M2 is Highly Expressed in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Promotes its Progression
Authors: Liu Niannian , Shi Jian , Ge Xin , Zhang Li , Chen Sai , Zhang Dongmei , Miao Xu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is conducive to tumor formation and progression for several types of cancer. Its role in the tumorigenesis and progress of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remains unknown. We sought to explore the expression and function of PKM2 in CSCC.Methods: The expression of PKM2 in 62 cases of actinic keratoses (AK), 15 cases ofBowen´s diseases (BD), 66 cases of CSCC and 10 cases of normal skin tissues (NT) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The staining patterns were assessed using a 12-point semi-quantitative scoring system. Immunohistology scores were statistically analysed. We further established a stable PKM2 knockdown CSCC cell line to explore its effect on cell biological behaviors. In this study, we used western blotting, CCK-8 assay, colony formation test, transwell assay, wound-healing assay, glucose concentration assay and lactate concentration assay.Results: We found that the expression of PKM2 increased significantly in AK, BD and CSCC, compared to that in NT. In addition, a comparison of PKM2 expression percentage showed that there was significantly difference among these three diseases. Then, we observed that PKM2 expression was associated with infiltration depth in 62 AK patient and course of disease in 15 BD patients. Moreover, high expression of PKM2 in 66 CSCC patients was significantly related with position, histological grade and Broder stage. In addition, PKM2 knockdown could obviously inhibit CSCC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and aerobic glycolysis in vitro. Finally, the expression levels of the phosphorylated- (p-) p38 of the MAPK pathway in the PKM2 knockdown groups greatly decreased compared with those of the controls in CSCC cell lines.Conclusions: PKM2 is differently expressed in CSCC-related diseases. PKM2 is highly expressed in CSCC and promotes its progression, which may be associated with the activation of p38 MARK signaling pathway. PKM2 may be a potential therapeutic target for CSCC.
Modulation of Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Two Genotypes of Rosa Damascena Mill. By Nano Silicon Under in Vitro Drought Stress
Authors: Hajizadeh Hanifeh Seyed , Azizi Sahar , Rasouli Farzad , Okatan Volkan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that prevents plant growth and efficiency. Silicon increases drought tolerance by regulating the biosynthesis and acumulation of some osmolits.This study was conducted to modulate dought stress induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in two genotypes of damasks by nano silicon dioxide (nSiO2). The experiment included three levels of nSiO2 (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and PEG (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g L-1) added to culture medium. Drought stress decreased protein content while Maragheh genotype under normal conditios and treating with 100 mg L-1 nSiO2 had the highest protein content. Under severe drought stress Maragheh genotype had stronger membrane stability index (MSI) than Kashan genotype and explants treated with 100 mg L-1 nSiO2 had the highest MSI in control plants. Contrary to the negative effects of drought, plants treated with 100 mg L−1 nSiO2 maintained more of their photosynthetic parameters in comparison with other treatments and showed higher amount of protein and proline in Maragheh rather than kashan genotype. Drought stress reduced the values of Fm, Fv/Fm, and Fv. In general, under drought stress, treatment with nSiO2 increased the mentioned characteristics before. It also improved water deficit tolerance through enhancing in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase while the amount of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide decreased. The results showed that Maragheh genotype may be more stronger in counter with water deficit by improving in water balance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and membrane stability.
The Characteristic Equation of The Exceptional Jordan Algebra: Its Eigenvalues, And Their Relation With Mass Ratios For Quarks And Leptons
Authors: Singh Tejinder P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We have recently proposed a pre-quantum, pre-space-time theory as a matrix-valued La-grangian dynamics on an octonionic space-time. This pre-theory offers the prospect of unifying the internal symmetries of the standard model with gravity. It can also predict the values of free parameters of the standard model, because these parameters arising in the Lagrangian are related to the algebra of the octonions which define the underlying non-commutative space-time on which the dynamical degrees of freedom evolve. These free parameters are related to the algebra J3 (O) [exceptional Jordan algebra] which in turn is related to the three fermion generations. The exceptional Jordan algebra [also known as the Albert algebra] is the finite dimensional algebra of 3x3 Hermitean matrices with octonionic entries. Its automorphism group is the exceptional Lie group F4. These matrices admit a cubic characteristic equation whose eigenvalues are real and depend on the invariant trace, determinant, and an inner product made from the Jordan matrix. Also, there is some evidence in the literature that the groups F4 and E6 could play a role in the unification of the standard model symmetries, including the Lorentz symmetry. The octonion algebra is known to correctly yield the electric charge values (0, 1/3, 2/3, 1) for standard model fermions, via the eigenvalues of a U (1) number operator, identified with U (1)em. In the present article, we use the same octonionic representation of the fermions to compute the eigenvalues of the characteristic equation of the Albert algebra, and compare the resulting eigenvalues with the known mass ratios for quarks and leptons. We find that the ratios of the eigenvalues correctly reproduce the [square root of the] known mass ratios for quarks and charged leptons. We also propose a diagrammatic representation of the standard model bosons, Higgs and three fermion generations, in terms of the octonions, exhibiting an F4 and E6 symmetry. In conjunction with the trace dynamics Lagrangian, the Jordan eigenvalues also provide a first principles theoretical derivation of the low energy value of the fine structure constant, yielding the value 1/137.04006. The Karolyhazy correction to this value gives an exact match with the measured value of the constant, after assuming a specific value for the electro-weak symmetry breaking energy scale.
Continuous Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown In Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Villringer Kersten , Temuulen Uchralt , Mekle Ralf , Fiebach Jochen B. , Nolte Christin H. , Khalil Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke and dementia are associated with compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Knowledge about the time course of BBB leakage may have impact on therapeutic interventions and diagnostic measures such as testing for blood biomarkers. However, reports on the timeline and pattern of this leakage are contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to assess the time course of BBB permeability in ischemic stroke patients during the first 24 hours after symptom onset using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI at 3 Tesla. We categorized time from stroke symptom onset to imaging into the following groups 1) 0-6 hours (n=10), 2) 6-16 hours (n=14) and 3) 16-24 hours (n=29). BBB permeability differed significantly between stroke lesions and the contralesional tissue for groups 2 and 3 (p=0.006, p<0.001, Wilcoxon-signed rank test). Using univariate or multivariate linear regression analyses we found no association between BBB leakage and age, sex, hyperintense reperfusion marker (another marker of BBB permeability) hemorrhagic transformation, white matter lesion load, symptom severity, functional disability and cerebrovascular risk factors. The results of our study therefore suggest continuous BBB leakage in the first 24 hours after stroke.
Biological Diversity in Aerated Facultative Lagoon Treating Kraft Cellulose Effluent Through Bioaugmentation
Authors: Nunes Jackeline Valendolf , Silva Mac Wendell Barbosa da , Couto Gustavo Henrique , Flôr Izadora Cervelin , Vicente Vania Aparecida , Almeida José Daniel , Celinski Fernanda , Xavier Claudia Regina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This study analyzes the microbiological diversity in an aerated facultative lagoon system with volumetric organic loading rates of 0.2 and 0.6 kgCODm-3d-1 treating effluent from the kraft pulp industry through bioaugmentation. The samples for the study of biological diversity were taken from a laboratory-scale lagoon at steady state treating kraft pulp effluent and operated with 0.2 and 0.6 kgCODm-3d-1 for 120 days. This analysis was performed by identifying the 16s DNA sequencing, through DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis at 1%. Next, the autochthonous bacteria were named through statistical similarity obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The lagoon performance was assessed based on the removal efficiency of specifics compounds.Results: In the biomass samples collected at steady state, 9 and 12 species of bacteria were identified and the species Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus found in this matrix presented significant removal of the parameters in the kraft effluent. In the treatment, it was possible to observe that the removal of organic matter above 50% for chemical demand and above 95% for biochemical demand. The specific compounds were not significantly removed, but this is a characteristic of biological treatments. Conclusions: We found that the three referred species show great promise in the removal of specific parameters in a lagoon biological treatment system using bioaugmentation.
Risk prediction of the metabolic syndrome using TyG Index and SNPs: a 10-year longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Kang Sang Wook , Kim Su Kang , Kim Young Sik , Park Min-Su 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
TyG (triglyceride and glucose) index using triglyceride and fasting blood glucose is recommended as a useful marker for insulin resistance. To clarify whether the TyG index is a marker for predicting the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to investigate the importance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MetS diagnosis. From 2001 to 2014, a longitudinal prospective cohort study of 3,580 adults aged 40 to 70 years was conducted. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and Youden index (YI) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value. During the 14 year follow-up, 1270 subjects developed MetS. Five SNPs in four genes (BUD13 rs10790162, ZPR1 rs2075290, APOA5 rs2266788, APOA5 rs2075291, and MKL1 rs4507196) significantly correlated with susceptibility to MetS (P<0.00005). The areas under the curve of TyG index and HOMA-IR were 0.854 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.841–0.867), and 0.702 (95% CI, 0.684–0.721), respectively. Despite no statistical significance, AUROC and YI were increased when MetS was diagnosed using TyG index and the five SNPs. TyG index might be useful for identifying individuals at high risk of developing MetS. The combination of TyG index and SNPs showed better diagnostic accuracy than TyG index alone, indicating the potential value of novel SNPs for MetS diagnosis.
Estimation of Milk Losses from Sub-Clinical Mastitis of Holstein-Zebu Cows Using a Nonlinear Exponential Decay Model
Authors: Castillo-Gallegos Epigmenio , Cordero-Montoya Martín , Alonso-Díaz Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We fitted a one-phase exponential decay function (primary term) to the relationship between the sum of the CMT scores of productive quarters (SCMT, 0 to 16) and daily milk production per cow (MPC, kg/day). We added the multiplicative factors test day (T, 1 to 12), days in milk (D, 2 to 196), months of age of cow (A, 25 to 209), and the number of productive quarts (Q, 1 to 4) to the model to adjust the primary term for their effects. We calculated a conversion factor (CF, 0 to 1) from the primary term as a quotient between the predicted MPC at the i-th SCMT divided by the predicted MPC at SCMT=0. The calculated projected MPC was that of the cow as if it were SCM-free. We obtained it by dividing the observed MPC on test day by the CF. The difference between the projected and observed MPC was milk loss multiplied by MX$ 5.50 (US$ 0.275), and the price of milk at the farm´s gate gave economic loss. The model was: MPC = [(7.60 – 4.68)e-0.1773SCMT +4.68](T-0.0791 )(D-0.1701 )(A0.1855 )(Q0.1835 ) with an R2 of 0.3975. The average cow had an SCMT=6, T=7, D=75, A=79, and Q=4. The predicted MPC at SCMT=0 was 9.1 kg/cow, and at SCMT=6 it was 6.8 kg/cow; the CF = 6.8/9.1 = 0.7484. The observed MPC on test day was 5.8 kg/day; then, the projected MPC at SCMT=0 is 5.8/0.7484 = 7.7 kg/day. Then, milk loss is 7.7-5.8 = 1.9, and economic loss is MX$ 10.72/day. It was straightforward to devise and implement this type of calculation of milk and economic losses.
Resting-State Cerebral Neurovascular Alterations Predict Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Peng Zhaohui , Zhang Hongtao , Wang Gang , Qian Shaowen , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Mild cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving more and more attentions. Cerebral structural and functional abnormalities in COPD have been reported, the neurovascular coupling changes during resting state in COPD are rarely investigated. Our study was aimed to characterize neurovascular coupling changes in patients with COPD by using arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) techniques.
Methods
Forty-five stable COPD patients and forty gender- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. And BOLD and ASL were acquired for calculating degree centrality (DC) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) respectively. The CBF-DC coupling and CBF/DC ratio were compared between the two groups.
Results
COPD patients showed abnormal CBF, DC and CBF/DC ratio in several regions. And lower CBF/DC ratio in left lingual gyrus negatively correlated with naming scores, lower CBF/DC ratio in medial frontal cortex/temporal gyrus positively correlated with MoCA, visuospatial/executive and delayed recall scores.
Conclusion
The abnormal neurovascular changes may be a possible neuropathological mechanism of mild cognitive impairment in stable COPD patients.
Accelerated Hypofractionation for Elderly or Frail Patients with a Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Improves Survival
Authors: Perlow Haley Kopp , Yaney Alexander , Yang Michael , Klamer Brett , Matsui Jennifer , Raval Raju R , Blakaj Dukagjin M. , Arnett Andrea , Beyer Sasha , Elder James B. , Ammirati Mario , Lonser Russell , Hardesty Douglas , Ong Shirley , Giglio Pierre , Pillainayagam Clement , Goranovich Justin , Grecula John , Chakravarti Arnab , Gondi Vinai , Brown Paul D. , Palmer Joshua D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background:The standard of care for elderly glioblastoma (GBM) patients is 40 Gy in 15 fraction radiotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). However, this regimen has a lower biologic equivalent dose (BED) compared to the Stupp regimen of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. We hypothesize that accelerated hypofractionated radiation of 52.5 Gy in 15 fractions (BED equivalent to Stupp) will have superior survival compared to 40 Gy in 15 fractions.Methods:Elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) who received hypofractionated radiation with TMZ from 2010-2020 were included in this analysis. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were defined as the time elapsed between surgery/biopsy and death from any cause or progression. Baseline characteristics were compared between patients who received 40 Gy and 52.5 Gy. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.Results: Sixty-six newly diagnosed patients were eligible for analysis. Thirty-nine patients were treated with 40 Gy in 15 fractions while twenty-seven were treated with 52.5 Gy in 15 fractions. Patients had no significant differences in age, sex, methylation status, or performance status. Overall survival (OS) was superior in the 52.5 Gy group (14.1 months) when compared to the 40 Gy group (7.9 months, p = 0.011). Isoeffective dosing to 52.5 Gy was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for improved OS on multivariable analysis. Conclusions:Isoeffective dosing to 52.5 Gy in 15 fractions was associated with superior OS compared to standard of care 40 Gy in 15 fractions. These hypothesis generating data support accelerated hypofractionation in future prospective trials.
Scopolia Mild Mottle Tobamovirus: a New Tobamovirus Isolated From Scopolia japonica Plant in Japan
Authors: Uehara-Ichiki Tamaki , Uke Ayaka , Hanada Kaoru , Hishida Atsuyuki , Nakazono-Nagaoka Eiko , Kodaira Eiichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A tobamovirus was isolated from leaves of Scopolia japonica that had mild yellowing. Back-inoculation of healthy Scopolia japonica with the isolated virus induced mild mottle on upper leaves. Phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein and replicase protein revealed that the newly isolated tobamovirus is related to yellow tailflower mild mottle virus. The highest identity of the 6350-nucleotide sequence of the whole genome shared with that of other tobamoviruses was 71%. According to species demarcation criterion for the genus Tobamovirus, our result suggests that scopolia mild mottle tobamovirus is a new species within the genus Tobamovirus.
Innovation of College Network Ideological and Political Education Facing the New Era of Internet 5g
Authors: Zhao Yi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Relying on the reform of the learning field curriculum system of ideological and political education courses in colleges and universities, the association rules between data mining and soft computing technology are used to mine the association relationship between the software professional courses of the department, and the ideas and methods of optimizing the course setting are proposed. There are several methods have been proposed to analyze the problems in the reform and construction of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and propose improvements and optimization measures. The countermeasures to improve the effectiveness of the ideological and political education in universities is proposed to solve the timeliness problems of ideological and political education reform in colleges and universities. Here in which the 5G network can gets initialized. Then the input education details gets preprocessed and the clustering of the educational information by using the hybrid Fuzzy K-means approach. Then the features can gets extracted by using the Extensibility Ant component analysis. Then the impact was evaluated by using the mixed Ensemble approach. Then after checking the information viability it can be stored in the database for further analysis. Then the viable information can be send to the student ID through improved TCP protocol. The findings demonstrate that the mechanism presented exceeds the other algorithms examined, by expressing high accuracy especially concerning viable education information generation and transmission