bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of screening and follow‐up brain MRI scans in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Eggen Annemarie C. , Wind Thijs T. , Bosma Ingeborg , Kramer Miranda C. A. , van Laar Peter Jan , van der Weide Hiska L. , Hospers Geke A. P. , Jalving Mathilde 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNovel treatments make long‐term survival possible for subsets of patients with melanoma brain metastases. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may aid in early detection of brain metastases and inform treatment decisions. This study aimed to determine the impact of screening MRI scans in patients with metastatic melanoma and follow‐up MRI scans in patients with melanoma brain metastases.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma or melanoma brain metastases between June 2015 and January 2018. The impact of screening MRI scans was evaluated in the first 2 years after metastatic melanoma diagnosis. The impact of follow‐up MRI scans was examined in the first year after brain metastases diagnosis. The number of MRI scans, scan indications, scan outcomes, and changes in treatment strategy were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 116 patients had no brain metastases at the time of the metastatic melanoma diagnosis. Twenty‐eight of these patients (24%) were subsequently diagnosed with brain metastases. Screening MRI scans detected the brain metastases in 11/28 patients (39%), of which 8 were asymptomatic at diagnosis. In the 96 patients with melanoma brain metastases, treatment strategy changed after 75/168 follow‐up MRI scans (45%). In patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the number of treatment changes after follow‐up MRI scans was lower when patients had been treated longer.Conclusion(s)Screening MRI scans aid in early detection of melanoma brain metastases, and follow‐up MRI scans inform treatment strategy. In patients with brain metastases responding to immune checkpoint inhibitors, treatment changes were less frequently observed after follow‐up MRI scans. These results can inform the development of brain imaging protocols for patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor sensitive tumors.
Tumor stemness and immune infiltration synergistically predict response of radiotherapy or immunotherapy and relapse in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Hongjie , Han Linzhi , Zhao Jinping , Wang Kaijie , Xu Ming , Shi Jiajun , Dong Zhe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to accelerate tumor recurrence, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy resistance. Immunotherapy is a powerful anticancer treatment that can significantly prolong the overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, little is known about the function of genes related to tumor stemness and immune infiltration in LUAD. After integrating the tumor stemness index based on mRNA expression (mRNAsi), immune score, mRNA expression, and clinical information from the TCGA database, we screened 380 tumor stemness and immune (TSI)‐related genes and constructed a five TSI‐specific‐gene (CPS1, CCR2, NT5E, ANLN, and ABCC2) signature (TSISig) using a machine learning method. Survival analysis indicated that TSISig could stably predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD. Comparison of mRNAsi and immune score between high‐ and low‐TSISig groups suggested that TSISig characterized tumor stemness and immune infiltration. In addition, enrichment of immune subpopulations showed that the low‐TSISig group held more immune subpopulations. GSEA revealed that TSISig had a strong association with the cell cycle and human immune response. Further analysis revealed that TSISig not only had a good predictive ability for prognosis but could also serve as an excellent predictor of tumor recurrence and response to radiotherapy and immunotherapy in LUAD patients. TSISig might regulate the development of LUAD by coordinating tumor stemness and immune infiltration. Finally, a connectivity map (CMap) analysis demonstrated that the HDAC inhibitor could target TSISig.
Association between somatic RET mutations and clinical and genetic characteristics in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Yuan‐Zhong , Hu Wan‐Ming , Xia Liang‐Ping , He Wen‐Zhuo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRearranged during transfection (RET) is a targetable oncogene. RET fusions have been reported in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, RET mutations in mCRC are less studied. Here, we aimed to characterize the clinical, pathological, and molecular landscape of RET‐mutated mCRC.MethodsFive hundred and eighty‐two patients were included in this study. Next‐generation sequencing was performed to detect RET mutations and calculate tumor mutation burden (TMB). We compared the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of mCRC cases with tumors that harbored somatic RET mutations (N = 16, 2.7%) or had wild‐type RET (N = 566, 97.3%).ResultsMales comprised the absolute majority of cases with RET mutations (15/16 [93.8%]) compared to their fraction among cases with wild‐type RET (339/566 [59.9%]). Furthermore, all patients with RET mutations were younger than 60 years (16/16 [100%]), whereas such patients were less predominant in the group with wild‐type RET (379/566 [67.0%]). Individuals with tumors positive for RET mutations more frequently exhibited mucinous histology (5/16 [31.2%] vs. 55/566 [9.7%]), exhibited a lower incidence of liver metastasis (4/16 [25.0%] vs. 335/566 [59.2%]), and higher incidence of peritoneal metastasis (9/16 [56.2%] vs.161/566 [28.4%]), expressed wild‐type TP53 (8/16 [50.0%] vs.120/566 [21.2%]), and showed an increased frequency of MSI‐high (6/16 [37.5%] vs. 18/566 [3.2%]). In those with microsatellite‐stable mCRC, patients with RET mutations had a higher median TMB than patients with wild‐type RET (9.4 vs. 6.7 mutations/Mb, respectively, p = 0.001). The median progression‐free survival was similar in individuals with mutated and wild‐type RET on the oxaliplatin‐based regimen (7.1 vs. 8.7 months, p = 0.516).ConclusionsOur study suggests that cases with RET mutations represent a separate mCRC subtype. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of RET inhibitors in mCRC patients with RET mutations.
Secondary Metabolites from the Fresh Leaves of Pinus yunnanensis Franch
Authors: Liu Di , Du Kai‐Cheng , Wang An‐Dong , Meng Da‐Li , Li Jian Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFifteen metabolites, including two flavonols (1–2), three lignans (3–5), and ten diterpenoids (6–15), were isolated from the leaves of Pinus yunnanensis. Among them, flavanonol (1) were identified as undescribed flavonol derivative with natural rarely B‐ring fission lactone. Massive spectroscopic methods, the DP4+ probabilities and CD/ECD calculations were applied to establish the structure of component 1. Among these compounds, taxifolin (2) showed potent cytotoxicity, having IC50 values from 21.33 to 45.48 μg/mL, it also showed broad antibacterial activity against human pathogens with MIC values from 32 to 64 μg/mL.
K+ Transport in Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes and Its Influence on Membrane Resistance in CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Vetter Kim‐Marie , Härtl Jamie , Reinisch David , Reichbauer Thomas , Martić Nemanja , Hinrichsen Kai‐Olaf , Schmid Günter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn CO2 electroreduction it is common to use cation exchange membranes in combination with high‐molar electrolytes. In a model polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis setup, which mimics CO2 electrolysis in a mixed (modemix) and in a separate electrolyte mode (modesep), this study investigates how K+‐sulfonate interactions increase membrane resistance dependent on the electrolyte concentration. K+‐based electrolytes (KHCO3, K2SO4) are used instead of ultrapure water in the PEM‐model electrolyzer. At 1.0 M KHCO3, the membrane resistance is increased by 1.7 Ω cm2 (cathode side only) to 4.2 Ω cm2 (modemix), causing a significant voltage increase that needs to be invested for K+ transport over a PFSA membrane. We quantify the underlying ionic interactions to 527–545 mV and observed a further effect, namely a space‐charge limitation expressed by a strongly increased voltage, occurring in the case of K+ overload when lacking hopping centers for cation transport. Beginning at ca. 300 mA/cm2, the current density gets high enough to drive K+ back to the cathode side and low enough to prevent large resistive contributions and K+ overload. Along with thermodynamic considerations and pH‐induced intrinsic operational contributions, the membrane resistance was found to have a significant impact contributing to the total cell voltage Vtotal and proved that current research towards green and scalable CO2 electrolysis is on a promising way towards broad application.
Flexibility Control of Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers by Crystal Morphology: Water Adsorption and Thermal Expansion
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Yoshino Haruka , Yanagisawa Junichi , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Hashizume Daisuke , Hijikata Yuh , Pirillo Jenny , Sadakiyo Masaaki , Kato Kenichi , Shudo Yuta , Hayami Shinya , Le Ouay Benjamin , Ohba Masaaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLayer flexibility in two‐dimensional coordination polymers (2D‐CPs) contributes to several functional materials as it results in anisotropic structural response to external stimuli. Chemical modification is a common technique for modifying layer structures. This study demonstrates that crystal morphology of a cyanide‐bridged 2D‐CP of type [Mn(salen)]2[ReN(CN)4] (1) consisting of flexible undulating layers significantly impacts the layer configuration and assembly. Nanoplates of 1 showed an in‐plane contraction of layers with a longer interlayer distance compared to the micrometer‐sized rod‐type particles. These effects by crystal morphology on the structure of the 2D‐CP impacted the structural flexibility, resulting in dual‐functional changes: the enhancement of the sensitivity of structural transformation to water adsorption and modification of anisotropic thermal expansion of 1. Moreover, the nanoplates incorporated new adsorption sites within the layers, resulting in the uptake of an additional water molecule compared to the micrometer‐sized rods.
Efficient Process for Batch Analysis
Authors: Schmidt Benedikt , Tan Ruomu , Li Nuo , Hollender Martin , Gärtler Marco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdentification of quality issues in batch production is relevant for stable and successful production. The identification of systematic quality issues and the identification of root causes is complex and challenging. Powerful multivariate statistical methods exist to perform batch analysis, yet their application is difficult due to data diversity and complexity in model training. Here, insights from data analysis projects on four batch plants are presented and real world challenges are reviewed. This leads to a semi‐automatic process for more efficient batch analysis overcoming the mentioned tedious tasks.
Hot Electron‐induced Electrochemiluminescence with Dimethyl Silicone Oil Coated Electrode for the Determination of Puerarin
Authors: Xue Yuan , Xia Yong , Han Yanchao , Peng Chao , Li Jing , Wang Erkang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of the hot electron‐induced cathodic electrochemiluminescence (HECL) often accompanied with the advance in the electrode materials and instruments. In this work, dimethyl silicone oil was employed as the coating layer for initiating the HECL. The insulating layer was obtained by simple drop casting and subsequent polishing, which could withstand high voltage and meet the requirement of HECL. With the as‐prepared interface, the quantitative detection of puerarin in the aqueous solution was achieved based on the quenching effect on the SO4⋅−.
A retrospective, real‐world experience of perampanel monotherapy in patient with first new onset focal seizure: A Thailand experience
Authors: Chinvarun Yotin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveReal‐world data on efficacy and tolerability of perampanel (PER) monotherapy in treatment‐naïve patients with focal onset seizures (FOS) and/or focal‐to‐bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures (FBTCS) to assess efficacy effectiveness and tolerability.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of study patients with new FOS with or without FBTCS, aged ≥15 years, who had been prescribed PER as monotherapy. Treatment outcome included retention rate, responder, and seizure‐free rate at observational point 3, 6, and 12 months (OP3, OP6, and OP12). Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and adverse drug reactions were recorded.ResultsA total of 41 patients enrolled in the study (male:female; 17:22, mean age =46.1 ± 21.8 years), with new FOS and/or FBTCS. The proportions of individuals remaining on PER monotherapy at 3, 6, and 12 months were evaluated. The median PER dosage was 4 mg (range 2‐8 mg). The retention rates at OP3, OP6, and OP12 were 88%, 73%, and 61%, respectively. The seizure freedom rates at OP3, OP6, and OP12 were 78%, 80%, and 76%, respectively. About 14% had discontinued the PER monotherapy because of lack of efficacy. Sixteen individuals (41%) had TEAEs; common AEs were dizziness, somnolence, and ataxia; and only one case had depression. The AEs with somnolence and ataxia were found higher in elderly (15% and 30%) than adult patients (7% and 3%), respectively. Only 14% had intolerant adverse events, and it was found higher in elderly (23%).SignificanceReal‐world data of PER monotherapy in treatment‐naïve patients with focal onset seizures demonstrated good effectiveness and a good safety profile at relatively low doses. By starting with low dosage and slow titration of PER help to minimize the impact of adverse effects, maximize adherence, and increase patient retention. PER has a once‐daily dosing schedule that supports patient adherence contributes to achieving seizure freedom.
Typification of nine names of Asian species and varieties of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)
Authors: Hoque Akramul , Lakshminarasimhan Pakshirajan , Bandyopadhyay Subir , Maity Debabrata 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe yam genus Dioscorea includes some of the world's most important food and medicinal plants The names of most Asian species and infraspecific taxa are in need of typification because their publication predated the 1935 Cambridge Rules of Botanical Nomenclature in which the concept of nomenclatural types was first introduced. Here, the Dioscorea collections cited in the protologues and uncited material associated with the names at their first publications are evaluated in the light of the latest Shenzhen Code (2018) and lectotypes of eight names designated, viz. D. lepcharum, D. nummularia var. glauca, D. pentaphylla var. communis, D. pentaphylla var. linnaei, D. pentaphylla var. malaica, D. pentaphylla var. rheedei, D. pentaphylla var. thwaitesii and D. rogersii. Most of the original materials concerned were collected from India, and the rest from other parts of South Asia and South East Asia (Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Philippines and Malaysia). The single specimen cited in the protologue of D. wightii Hook.f. is affirmed here as the holotype.
Study of jelly drying cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale L.) processing
Authors: Dao Tan Phat , Vu Duc Ngoc , Nguyen Duong Vu , Pham Van Thinh , Tran Thi Yen Nhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCashew apples, a by‐product accrued during the manufacture of cashew nuts, have abundant nutritional values but are not widely utilized due to the presence of substances that cause acrid taste. In this study, we attempted the production of a dried jelly cashew apple product and optimized three main processing stages including blanching, osmotic, and drying. The results showed suitable conditions at 6 mm thickness in the blanching process. The osmotic process recorded a temperature of 35°C, within 1.5 h, the ratio of sugar syrup/ingredient 2:1 with sugar syrup 60 Bx, and the addition of 0.6% citric acid on the total weight of ingredients and 0.02% CaCl2. The drying process at 55°C within 267 min had the highest ascorbic acid content (TAA), total phenolic content (TPC), and content of tannin compounds (TTC) retention. These parameters refer to a product that has good organoleptic acceptability in terms of taste, acrid content, and a high ability to retain major nutrients. Furthermore, the product recovery efficiency is 21.45%. Jelly drying cashew apples (JDC) are formed to help take advantage of by‐products, contributing to adding value for the cashew industry.
Effect of Ni/Cu ratio on activity and selectivity of CO2 methanation over Ni‐Cu/SiO2 catalysts
Authors: Dias Yan Resing , Perez‐Lopez Oscar William 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present work two series of Ni‐Cu/SiO2 catalysts were evaluated in CO2 methanation. Samples with fixed Ni/Cu ratio and variable total metal loadings, and samples with fixed Ni loadings and variable Ni/Cu ratio were prepared by wet impregnation and characterized by N2 physisorption, X‐ray diffractometry, H2 temperature programmed reduction , scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy , and temperature programmed oxidation. The catalytic tests were carried out from 250 to 450 °C, H2/CO2 = 4 and 1 atm in a fixed bed tubular reactor with online analysis by gas chromatography. Higher Ni loadings lead to higher Ni° crystallite sizes for samples with fixed Ni/Cu ratio, whereas no difference was observed for samples with variable Ni/Cu ratio. In addition, higher Ni/Cu ratios shifted the reduction temperature to higher values, revealing an increase in metal‐support interaction. Catalysts with Ni/Cu = 10 ratio presented almost equal CO2 conversion regardless of the Ni content, which is attributed to the increase in the Ni° crystallite size as the Ni content increases, whereas the selectivity for CH4 increased with the Ni content due to Ni migration to the surface. For catalysts with fixed Ni content, the higher the Ni/Cu ratio, the greater the CO2 conversion and the CH4 selectivity, demonstrating that the proper adjustment of the Ni/Cu ratio is essential for a high CH4 yield. The catalyst with the highest Ni/Cu ratio achieved a CO2 conversion of 63.3% and CH4 selectivity of 95.7% at 400 °C, showing the greatest resistance to sintering during 5 hr and low carbon formation, which can be attributed to the small crystallite size (∼15 nm) and high metal‐support interaction, resulting from an appropriate Ni/Cu ratio. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social isolation, social support, and loneliness and their relationship with cognitive health and dementia
Authors: Joyce Johanna , Ryan Joanne , Owen Alice , Hu Jessie , McHugh Power Joanna , Shah Raj , Woods Robyn , Storey Elsdon , Britt Carlene , Freak‐Poli Rosanne ,   ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPoor social health is prevalent in older adults and may be associated with worse cognition, and increased dementia risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether social isolation, social support and loneliness are independently associated with cognitive function and incident dementia over 5 years in older adults, and to investigate potential gender differences.MethodsParticipants were 11,498 community‐dwelling relatively healthy Australians aged 70–94, in the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP). Social isolation, social support, loneliness and cognitive function were assessed through self‐report. Outcomes examined were cognitive decline (>1.5 SD decline in cognitive performance since baseline) and incident dementia (adjudicated according to DSM‐IV criteria).ResultsMost participants self‐reported good social health (92%) with very few socially isolated (2%), with low social support (2%) or lonely (5%). Among women, social isolation and low social support were consistently associated with lower cognitive function (e.g., social support and cognition β = −1.17, p < 0.001). No consistent longitudinal associations were observed between baseline social health and cognitive decline (over median 3.1 years) or incident dementia (over median 4.4 years; social isolation: HR = 1.00, p = 0.99; low social support: HR = 1.79, p = 0.11; loneliness: HR = 0.72, p = 0.34 among women and men).ConclusionOur study provides evidence that social isolation and a low social support are associated with worse cognitive function in women, but not men. Social health did not predict incident cognitive decline or dementia, but we lacked power to stratify dementia analyses by gender.
Multi‐objective fitting of concentration‐discharge relationships
Authors: Tunqui Neira José Manuel , Andréassian Vazken , Tallec Gaëlle , Mouchel Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConcentration–discharge () relationships are widely used to assess the link between hydrological and biogeochemical processes at the catchment scale. relationships are mainly calibrated using mono‐objective methods to represent, either concentrations or discharge‐weighted concentrations (i.e., load). Based on its wide use in hydrological modelling, we test a multi‐objective calibration for the relationship parameters, using both concentration and load, and compare it to a mono‐objective calibration applied on either concentrations or load. This work is carried out on a high‐frequency dataset (ORACLE‐Orgeval Observatory, France). Our findings show that the multi‐objective calibration yield a better representation of relationships parameters during the high and low‐flow events. The multi‐objective calibration can be used for all forms of relationships and avoids issues of under‐representation of dilution processes characterized by high‐discharge, low‐concentration periods.
Changes in snowmelt runoff timing in the contiguous United States
Authors: Uzun Sukru , Tanir Tugkan , Coelho Gustavo de A. , Souza de Lima Andre de , Cassalho Felicio , Ferreira Celso M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChanges in timing of snowmelt‐fed streamflow have great importance for water supply, flood management, and ecological processes, as well as being a common indicator of climate change. In this study, snowmelt runoff timing change in the contiguous United States between 1957 and 2016 was investigated by analysing data from 97 streamflow gages. The annual snowmelt runoff timing shift was identified using ‘Center Time (CT)’ and ‘Spring Pulse Onset (SPO)’ methods, jointly with the monthly fractional streamflow (MFS) analysis, conducted between January and June. Since snowmelt‐derived streamflow timing change is mainly induced by regional meteorological factors, such as air temperature and precipitation, their trends and relationship with CT were also examined. Shifts toward earlier snowmelt runoff timing were found by both methods, CT (8.3 days on average) and SPO (8.5 days on average). Although the results of the CT change are stronger than the SPO change, both outcomes are mostly correlated, particularly in the central and northwestern parts of the country. MFS trends support the outcomes of CT and SPO. In January, February, and especially March, a higher number of the stations indicated increasing trends in MFS. In April, May, and June, their number decreased and the number of gages with diminishing trends rose sharply. The timing difference is highly related to temperature change. Annual average temperature and temperature in the melting period increase considerably. The annual average temperature is significantly negatively correlated with CT in the vast majority of the regions. Although precipitation is not as effective as the temperature, its trends have impacts on snowmelt runoff timing change depending on the region and elevation. These results demonstrate the importance of the impacts of snowmelt runoff timing changes due to global warming on the regional and large‐scale hydrology in the contiguous United States.