bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halogen‐Bonded Hole‐Transport Material Suppresses Charge Recombination and Enhances Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Canil Laura , Salunke Jagadish , Wang Qiong , Liu Maning , Köbler Hans , Flatken Marion , Gregori Luca , Meggiolaro Daniele , Ricciarelli Damiano , De Angelis Filippo , Stolterfoht Martin , Neher Dieter , Priimagi Arri , Vivo Paola , Abate Antonio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInterfaces play a crucial role in determining perovskite solar cells, (PSCs) performance and stability. It is therefore of great importance to constantly work toward improving their design. This study shows the advantages of using a hole‐transport material (HTM) that can anchor to the perovskite surface through halogen bonding (XB). A halo‐functional HTM (PFI) is compared to a reference HTM (PF), identical in optoelectronic properties and chemical structure but lacking the ability to form XB. The interaction between PFI and perovskite is supported by simulations and experiments. XB allows the HTM to create an ordered and homogenous layer on the perovskite surface, thus improving the perovskite/HTM interface and its energy level alignment. Thanks to the compact and ordered interface, PFI displays increased resistance to solvent exposure compared to its not‐interacting counterpart. Moreover, PFI devices show suppressed nonradiative recombination and reduced hysteresis, with a Voc enhancement of ≥20 mV and a remarkable stability, retaining more than 90% efficiency after 550 h of continuous maximum‐power‐point tracking. This work highlights the potential that XB can bring to the context of PSCs, paving the way for a new halo‐functional design strategy for charge‐transport layers, which tackles the challenges of charge transport and interface improvement simultaneously.
The need to incorporate human variation and evolutionary theory in forensic anthropology: A call for reform
Authors: Ross Ann H. , Pilloud Marin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 1992, Norm Sauer called for a language shift in which practitioners would move away from the socially loaded term “race” and replace it with the less provocative term “ancestry.” While many heeded the call and moved towards ancestry in their research and reports, the actual approach to research and analysis did not change. In response to this change, there was a large growth in ancestry estimation method development in the early decade of the 2000s. However, the practice of ancestry estimation did not adequately incorporate evolutionary theory in interpretation or trait selection and continued with little critical reflection. In the past decade, there has been an increase in ancestry validation methods with little critique of the “race” concept or discussion of modern human variation or reference samples. To advance, forensic anthropologists need to reckon with the practice of ancestry estimation as it is currently practiced. We are calling for another reform in the axiom focusing on evolutionary theory, population history, trait selection, and population‐level reference samples. The practice needs to abandon the terms ancestry and race completely and recalibrate to an analysis of population affinity. Population affinity is a statistical approach based on the underlying population structure that would allow the understanding of how microevolutionary forces act in concert with historical events (e.g., colonization, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, etc.) to shape modern human variation. This is not to be confused with geographic ancestry that all too often can be perceived as interchangeable with social race and as an affirmation of the biological concept of race. It is time to critically evaluate the social and scientific implications of the current practice of ancestry estimation, and re‐frame our approach to studying and analyzing modern human variation through a population structure approach.
Process development exploiting competitive adsorption‐based displacement effects in monoclonal antibody aggregate removal—A new high‐throughput screening procedure for membrane chromatography
Authors: Stein Dominik , Thom Volkmar , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh‐throughput screening (HTS) approaches are commonly used to accelerate downstream process development. Although most HTS approaches use batch isothermal data (KP screen) or bind and elute mode as screening procedure, different or new process designs are rarely investigated. In this paper, a mechanistic model case study for the separation of two different two‐component solutions was conducted and confirmed prior evidence. With these outcomes, a novel HTS screening procedure was developed including the determination of competitive adsorption‐based displacement effects and key parameter identification. The screening procedure employing an overload bind and elute (OBE) mode is presented in a case study dealing with IgG aggregate removal in a typical monoclonal antibody purification step, applying a Sartobind® S membrane adsorber (MA). Based on a MA scale down device, the OBE mode allows the determination of classical process parameters and dynamic effects, such as displacement effects. Competitive adsorption‐based displacement effects are visualized by introducing a displacement identifier leading to a displacement process map. Based on this map, the approach is transferred to and confirmed by the OBE recycle experiments with 4.6 and 8.2 ml benchtop scsale devices resulting in 45% reduced IgG monomer and 88% increased higher molecular weight species binding capacities.
Treating perinatal mental illness with transactional analysis psychotherapy—A narrative enquiry
Authors: Haynes Emma 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis research examines transactional analysis (TA) psychotherapy as a treatment option for perinatal mental illness, using a qualitative, narrative methodology to listen to the experiences of women who have received it within a private psychotherapeutic setting. Perinatal mental illness has wide‐reaching consequences and is a leading cause of maternal mortality. This research aimed to explore women's experiences of perinatal mental illness; and their experiences of TA psychotherapy treatment to explore its acceptability to female clients.MethodA qualitative, narrative approach was used to facilitate an exploration of women's experiences. Data collection was by free association narrative interviewing (FANI) and a creative methodology, forming a deep, rich understanding of personal perspective, using the visual and the narrative as a co‐creative construction. Data analysis used the listening guide method (LGM) to highlight difference, hear multiple voices in one person's narrative and take notice of temporal movement within the narrative.FindingsThe participants found TA psychotherapy to be useful in different formats: couple's, one‐to‐one or group therapy. TA addressed the specificity of illness and was enduring (long‐lasting); the relational dyad was found to be a factor in positive treatment outcomes; TA terms shared with the clients held significance in therapy and within the interview, offering a ‘shared’ language that was easily understood and clarified the treatment process.ConclusionFemale clients in this study (the participants) found TA psychotherapy useful as a treatment for perinatal mental illness.
A thematic analysis of approaches to practice with people who are transgender and gender nonconforming
Authors: Leitch Judith 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeople who are transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) have substantial disparities in mental health and thus rely on mental health practitioners like therapists to help address these disparities. However, little is known about therapist practices with TGNC people, and what research exists is often generalised from broader research on practice with people who are gay and lesbian. Because this research uses broad models to describe practitioner behaviour, it assumes all therapists approach practice with TGNC clients in the same way. The current study explores therapists' self‐reported practices with TGNC people through a structured, qualitative, web‐based survey of 95 practising social workers. From a thematic analysis of responses, five approaches to practice with TGNC people emerged: 1) A Low‐Impact Approach, 2) A Fairness First Approach, 3) A Responsive Approach, 4) A Therapist Responsibility Approach and 5) A Pathological Approach. These approaches vary on three key dimensions: whose responsibility it is to broach client gender identity in treatment (therapist or client), the importance of gender identity (from low to high), and whether a TGNC identity is a disorder (yes, no or not addressed). The breadth of practice behaviours and undergirding assumptions participants described indicates that a single model may not fit practice behaviour with TGNC people. A discussion of the relationship between each approach and existing practice models suggests that the Low‐Impact Approach, Responsive Approach and Therapist Responsibility Approach may be effective with TGNC people and that the Pathological Approach likely represents poor practice.
Extended dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor 60 mg in patients with prior myocardial infarction: The design of ALETHEIA, a multi‐country observational study
Authors: Lesén Eva , Hewitt Christopher , Giannitsis Evangelos , Hedberg Jonatan , Jernberg Tomas , Lambrelli Dimitra , Maggioni Aldo P. , Simeone Jason C. , Ariza‐Solé Albert , Storey Robert F. , ten Berg Jurrien , Bonaca Marc ,   ALETHEIA study team
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionClinical guidelines recommend extended treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with ticagrelor 60 mg (twice daily) beyond 12 months in high‐risk patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) who have previously tolerated DAPT and are not at heightened bleeding risk. However, evidence on patterns of use and associated clinical outcomes in routine clinical practice is limited.MethodsALETHEIA is an observational, multi‐country study, designed to describe characteristics, treatment persistence, and bleeding and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in post‐MI patients who initiate ticagrelor 60 mg in routine clinical practice (NCT04568083). The study will include electronic health data in the United States (US; Medicare, commercial claims) and Europe (Sweden, Italy, United Kingdom, Germany). Characteristics will be described among patients with and without ticagrelor 60 mg ≥1 year post‐MI. Assuming an a priori threshold of 5000 person‐years on‐treatment is met, to ensure sufficient precision, clinical outcomes (bleeding and CV events) among patients treated with ticagrelor 60 mg will be assessed. Risk factors for clinical outcomes and treatment discontinuation will be assessed in patients with ticagrelor 60 mg and meta‐analysis used to combine estimates across databases. Cohort selection will initiate from the ticagrelor 60 mg US and European approval dates and end February 2020. An estimated total of 7250 patients prescribed ticagrelor 60 mg are expected to be included.DiscussionAn increased understanding of patterns of ticagrelor 60 mg use and associated clinical outcomes among high‐risk patients with a prior MI is needed. The a priori specified stepwise approach adapted in this observational study is expected to generate useful evidence for clinical decision‐making and treatment optimization.
An accident prediction architecture based on spatio‐clock stochastic and hybrid model for autonomous driving safety
Authors: Wang Jinyong , Huang Zhiqiu , Huang Xiaowei , Wang Tiexin , Shen Guohua , Xie Jian 
Published: August 2021

SummaryCollaborative and autonomous driving vehicles combine hardware and software complex processes, also are heavily dependent on and influenced by the world of physical and cyber interactions. They have enabled many new features and advanced functionalities, such as stochastic and hybrid natures, mobile spatial topologies, and time‐critical dependability. However, the existing modeling and verification techniques have not established faith in proving correctness and safety. Spatial and time collision avoidance remains crucial obstacles on the path to becoming ubiquitous and dependable. In order to ensure safety, we first design an accident prediction architecture in system design‐time and run‐time stages. We apply it on collaborative and autonomous overtaking systems involving spatial‐ and time‐critical accident predictions. Then, we develop a novel and dedicated spatio‐clock stochastic specification language (SCSSL) to describe safety invariants and guards in domain‐specific autonomous driving systems. Next, we create the spatio‐clock stochastic and hybrid automata models based on SCSSL in order to model inherently stochastic and hybrid behaviors. To illustrate the effectiveness of spatio‐clock consistency stochastic specification and verification, we adopt statistical model checking natively to provide reliable predictions for the incoming collision instants and positions. Finally, we present an illustrative overtaking case study to verify spatio‐clock stochastic and hybrid related properties and ensure correct modeling, and demonstrate the significance of our proposed approach.
Ecosystem engineering alters density‐dependent feedbacks in an aquatic insect population
Authors: Phillips Joseph S. , McCormick Amanda R. , Botsch Jamieson C. , Ives Anthony R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEcosystem engineers have large impacts on the communities in which they live, and these impacts may feed back to populations of engineers themselves. In this study, we assessed the effect of ecosystem engineering on density‐dependent feedbacks for midges in Lake Mývatn, Iceland. The midge larvae reside in the sediment and build silk tubes that provide a substrate for algal growth, thereby elevating benthic primary production. Benthic algae are in turn the primary food source for the midge larvae, setting the stage for the effects of engineering to feed back to the midges themselves. Using a field mesocosm experiment manipulating larval midge densities, we found a generally positive but nonlinear relationship between density and benthic production. Furthermore, adult emergence increased with the primary production per midge larva. By combining these two relationships in a simple model, we found that the positive effect of midges on benthic production weakened negative density dependence at low to intermediate larval densities. However, this benefit disappeared at high densities when midge consumption of primary producers exceeded their positive effects on primary production through ecosystem engineering. Our results illustrate how ecosystem engineering can alter density‐dependent feedbacks for engineer populations.
Mothers’ HIV status and their children’s nutritional status: Insights from secondary analysis of the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey data (2015–2016)
Authors: Musuka Godfrey N. , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Cuadros Diego F , Murewanhema Grant , Chingombe Innocent , Takavarasha Felicia , Herrera Helena , Mapingure Munyaradzi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInfants and young children are completely dependent on others, primarily their mothers, for nutrition. This means maternal health status is one of the most important maternal characteristics that are predictors of the nutritional status of children. This study aimed to describe the association between mothers’ HIV status and their children's nutritional status using data from the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (2015–16). We used statistical analysis to determine the association between mothers’ HIV status and their children's nutritional status. The findings revealed that 30%, 4%, and 11% of children whose mothers were HIV positive presented with moderate‐to‐severe stunting, wasting, and underweight, respectively. The risk of stunting was higher for children whose mothers were HIV positive compared with children whose mothers were HIV negative (odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.52)). Maternal HIV‐positive status is associated with an increased risk of the child being underweight (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.24–2.30). The prevalence of being underweight, stunting, and wasting is still high among children of HIV‐positive mothers several years into HIV Care and Treatment programs. This study's findings call for implementation of a robust national wide improved infant and young child feeding scheme to enhance the overall nutritional status of children in the country.
Comparison of the microbial, physicochemical, and sensorial properties of raw and pasteurized Lighvan cheeses during ripening time
Authors: Rashtchi Parisa , Bazmi Ali , Noshirvani Nooshin , Moosavy Mir Hassan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTraditional cheeses which are normally produced from raw milk are very popular due to their intense and unique taste and aroma. However, high microbial contamination of raw milk due to manual milking and secondary contamination may lead to many diseases in humans in Iran. Lighvan is a traditional starter‐free locally made Iranian cheese that is made from raw ewe's milk. Since the use of raw milk in the preparation of cheese produces serious health problems, due to the limited ripening period of this type of cheese, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of preparing Lighvan cheese from pasteurized milk. For this purpose, different characteristics of cheese prepared with pasteurized milk were compared with raw milk cheese. The results showed a reduction in the microbial population over the ripening time in both types of cheeses. However, coliforms andEscherichia coliwere seen in raw milk cheeses until the last day of ripening. Regarding chemical analyses, the water‐soluble nitrogen fraction and lipolysis products increased during ripening. Moreover, the raw milk cheeses indicated a higher lipolysis index than the pasteurized ones. According to the obtained results from the sensory evaluation, the raw milk cheese indicated higher acceptability compared with the pasteurized milk cheese. However, since the presence ofE. colimakes the cheese inedible, it seems that the pasteurization of milk is mandatory for the production of this type of cheese.
Generalized autoregressive score model with high‐frequency data for optimal futures hedging
Authors: Lai Yu‐Sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study compares the performance of hedged equity index portfolios constructed using either a generalized autoregressive score (GAS) or a realized GAS (GRAS) model. GAS models encompass popular models, and studies indicate that high‐frequency data improve a model's forecasting ability. The in‐sample estimation results demonstrate that the GRAS model has better explanatory power and more robust time‐varying variance and dependence parameters when fat‐tailed distributions are accounted for. The out‐of‐sample comparison confirms its superiority in reducing hedged portfolio variance and accruing economic benefits to highly risk‐averse hedgers.
Propylparaben concentrations in the urine of women and adverse effects on ovarian function in mice in vivo and ovarian cells in vitro
Authors: Jiao Luwei , Li Shang , Zhai Junyu , Wang Dongshuang , Li Hongwanyu , Chu Weiwei , Geng Xueying , Du Yanzhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFemale reproduction is precisely regulated by hormones, and the ovary is easily affected by environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs), which are ubiquitous in industrialized societies. Parabens are EDCs that are used as antibacterial preservatives in cosmetics, personal care products (PCPs), medicines, and food. We used ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to quantitatively detect methyl‐, ethyl‐, butyl‐, and propylparaben (PP) concentrations in urine samples from 74 women of childbearing age. Balb/c mice were subcutaneously injected with 100 mg/kg/day of PP for 21 consecutive days or 100 or 1,000 mg/kg/day of PP during superovulation. Various concentrations of PP (ranging from 1 to 1,000 nM) were added to a human ovarian granulosa tumor‐derived cell line (KGN) culture for 24 h. The urinary paraben concentrations of women who used cosmetics and other PCPs within 48 h prior to sample collection were significantly elevated, and the PP concentration was significantly positively correlated with the basal estradiol concentration. After PP injection, the mouse serum estradiol concentrations were significantly increased, estrus cycles were disordered, corpus luteum number was reduced, and number of oocytes retrieved was significantly reduced. In in vitro experiments, PP treatment increased estradiol synthesis and the expression levels of aromatase enzyme (CYP19A1) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. This study demonstrates the adverse effects of PP on ovarian estradiol secretion and ovulation, further evaluates the safety of PP as a preservative, and provides guidance for the use of PCPs and cosmetics by women of childbearing age.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphismTaqI(rs731236) and its association with the susceptibility to coronary artery disease among Pakistani population
Authors: Kulsoom Ume , Khan Amber , Saghir Tahir , Nawab Syeda Nuzhat , Tabassum Atiya , Fatima Sehrish , Saleem Saima , Zehra Sitwat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality in Pakistan and also worldwide. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the transcription of many genes and has a significant impact on inflammation and the morphology of cardiac cells. Genetic variation in theVDRgene such as theTaqIpolymorphism (rs731236) may have an impact that causes adverse effects. Accordingly, it is important to determine possible association of theTaqIpolymorphism (rs731236) with CAD.MethodsThe study included blood samples from 1016 subjects: 516 from CAD patients and 500 from age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Genomic DNA was extracted by standard salting out method. Targeted variation was amplified by an allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were examined and genotyped on agarose gel electrophoresis represented by an amplified product size of 148 bp followed by Sanger sequencing to validate variations.ResultsSerum vitamin levels, as observed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, were found to be insufficient in both CAD patients (20.52 ± 0.06 ng/ml) and controls (21.6981 ± 0.05 ng/ml). TheTaqIpolymorphism (rs731236) T>C was found to be significantly associated with CAD (p < 0.0001). The odds ratio showed that the risk increases by 1.8‐fold with variant C allele. Dominant, co‐dominant and over dominant genetic model analyses suggested that the TC genotype might be a risk factor involved in the possible association with susceptibility to CAD.ConclusionsTheTaqIpolymorphism (rs731236) in the coding region may affect the function of the receptor by altering the binding site, which might participate in an inflammatory response and increase the risk for developing susceptibility to CAD.