bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARABIC: المقاصد المرعية لدى الفقهاء في مؤلفاتهم في ترتيب الأبواب الفقهية
Authors: Dr. Safiullah Wakeel  
Published: August 2021

This research clarifies the arrangement of Jurisprudential Chapters made by Jurists in their books. They divided these chapters to acts of worship and treatment and the other branches of Islamic Jurisprudence that regulate the relationship of the human with his Lord (Allah) as well as other matters which are needed by the human in his relationship with common people, so, we found our scholars arranging these different Jurisprudential provisions in their books in line with human reality in terms of commencing with the important thing and then the most important one ot reach the needed and the desired goal of writing these books, and one of the greatest of them is to bring closer understanding to those who benefit from this scientific heritage that was left for us by these exceptional scholars (Ulama) where they took care of arranging their books for the benefit and understanding of the intended meaning with ease, and this arrangement didn't happen randomly, but rather had a prominent reason in the author's mind, especially in jurisprudence, this systematic arrangement from these scholars in their books help students and readers to memorize and understand the issues contained therein, arranged in a sequential order that is compatible with the nature of man.
a garden city and/or a socialist city?
Authors: Lidin Konstantin 
Published: August 2021

The concept of a socialist city took shape in a keen struggle between supporters of the idea of a garden city and adherents of the social city. Every movement has an officially recognized founder, its own philosophy and program. The confrontation of concepts in the Soviet architecture has acquired an irreconcilable and uncompromising character. But to what extent are these movements really antagonistic?
The issue is considered on the basis of both historical and theoretical materials and on specific examples of urban planning solutions in the cities of Eastern Siberia, the Urals and Kuzbass.
We continue to focus on strengthening the factual basis of the history of this still unexplored period. In the articles about Sevastopol and Magnitogorsk, a number of documents are published for the first time and thus are introduced into the scientific discourse.
Model Kepemimpinan Tuan Guru di Pondok Pesantren Kabupaten Lombok Timur NTB
Authors: Makki Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

Peneltian ini fokus mengkaji sejarah kepemimpinan Kharismatik, model kepemimpinan, dan model manajerial/manajemen ketenagan SDM oleh Tuanguru di pondok pesantren Kabupaten Lombok Timur NTB, fokus ini bertujuan untuk: menemukan model kepemimpinan dan manajemen ketenagaan SDM yang tepat diterapkan di pondok pesantren. Kerangka teori yang digunakan teori tentang hirarki kepemimpinan, teori kepemimpinan spiritual, kepemimpinan manajerial. Untuk menganalisis fokus masalah, digunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian ini menemukan: (a) berdirinya pondok pesantren dibangun dengan modal kepercayaan dan kharismatik, spiritualitas Tuanguru(b) Model kepemimpinan di pondok pesantren, model kepemimpinan yang kolektif-demokratis. (c) manajemen SDM dilakukan dengan memperhatikan latar belakang pendidikan, kompetensi dan rasio kebutuhan pengembangan pondok Pesantren
AÇÕES PROMOVIDAS PELO MUNICÍPIO AOS MORADORES DE RUA DA CIDADE DE UBERLÂNDIA-MG NA PANDEMIA
Authors: Amaral Elaine Gomes do , Nogueira Paulo Roberto Rodrigues Brandão , Santa Ana Márcio de Freitas 
Published: August 2021

Artigo trata das formas de interação entre a população em situação de rua no município de Uberlândia-MG e a atuação do Poder Público, no caso a prefeitura, em tempos de COVID-19, com ações desenvolvidas em benefício dessas pessoas. OBJETIVO: Descrever as ações junto às pessoas em situação de rua devido à vulnerabilidade diante da Covid-19 no município de Uberlândia entre março de 2020 e abril de 2021. Método: Busca na literatura utilizada foi à busca de publicações, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Google Acadêmico. RESULTADOS: Prefeitura de Uberlândia intensificou o cuidado com as pessoas em situação de rua, adotando várias medidas de proteção voltadas a essa população com busca ativa diária realizando os encaminhamentos necessários para as pessoas com sintomas de COVID-19. CONCLUSÕES: Poder público atuou de forma satisfatória no acompanhamento e no acolhimento destas pessoas moradores de rua.
Re-encountering Christina Stead: Why read ‘Workshop in the Novel’?
Authors: Burns Alison , Goodrich RA 
Published: August 2021

Despite waves of interest in the work of Christina Stead, one aspect of her writing life has been largely neglected. From September 1943, she taught three series of extended writing workshops in New York and in the process left more than three hundred pages documenting her teaching. The question motivating this paper is: Why should we, as writers and teachers of writing, read her writing workshop notebooks nowadays? This paper will place Stead’s workshop in the context of the development of institutional teaching of novel writing and her emergence as a major writer. It will briefly examine how the notebooks have previously been understood and offer a closer analysis than has been made to date of the notebooks and their content and of the key issues raised by them. In particular, we shall explore her pedagogic focus upon workshop participants developing a rigorous, analytical approach to crafting novels and her extensive use of Georges Polti’s Thirty-Six Dramatic Situations to achieve this. That, in turn, will enable us to assess what the notebooks independently reveal about her beliefs regarding the novel and its purpose. Image: Snapandrattle33, ‘Christina Stead Sydney Writers Walk plaque’, (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Long‐Term Observation of Locomotion of Drosophila Larvae Facilitates Feasibility of Food‐Choice Assays
Authors: Bittern Jonas , Praetz Marit , Baldenius Marie , Klämbt Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnimal behavior is reflected by locomotor patterns. To decipher the underlying neural circuitry locomotion has to be monitored over often longer time periods. Here a simple adaptation is described to constrain movement of third instar Drosophila larvae to a defined area and use Frustrated total internal reflection based imaging method (FIM) imaging to monitor larval movements up to 1 h. It is demonstrated that the combination of FIM imaging and long analysis periods facilitates the conduction of food choice assays and provides the means to easily quantify food preferences.
Band Edge Control of Quasi‐2D Metal Halide Perovskites for Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Worku Michael , Ben‐Akacha Azza , Sridhar Samanvitha , Frick Jordan R. , Yin Shichen , He Qingquan , Robb Alex J. , Chaaban Maya , Liu He , Winfred J. S. Raaj Vellore , Hanson Kenneth , So Franky , Dougherty Daniel , Ma Biwu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have received great attention for their potential as next‐generation display technology. While remarkable progress has been achieved in green, red, and near‐infrared PeLEDs with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) exceeding 20%, obtaining high performance blue PeLEDs remains a challenge. Poor charge balance due to large charge injection barriers in blue PeLEDs has been identified as one of the major roadblocks to achieve high efficiency. Here band edge control of perovskite emitting layers for blue PeLEDs with enhanced charge balance and device performance is reported. By using organic spacer cations with different dipole moments, that is, phenethyl ammonium (PEA), methoxy phenethyl ammonium (MePEA), and 4‐fluoro phenethyl ammonium (4FPEA), the band edges of quasi‐2D perovskites are tuned without affecting their band gaps. Detailed characterization and computational studies have confirmed the effect of dipole moment modification to be mostly electrostatic, resulting in changes in the ionization energies of ≈0.45 eV for MePEA and ≈ −0.65 eV for 4FPEA based thin films relative to PEA‐based thin films. With improved charge balance, blue PeLEDs based on MePEA quasi‐2D perovskites show twofold increase of the EQE as compared to the control PEA based devices.
Function‐Targeted Lanthanide‐Anchored Polyoxometalate–Cyclodextrin Assembly: Discriminative Sensing of Inorganic Phosphate and Organophosphate
Authors: Li Qiuju , Wang Dandan , Fang Xian , Wang Xingyi , Mao Shun , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolyoxometalate (POM) clusters containing lanthanide ion (LnPOM) possess excellent luminescence features, but the envisaged applications are hindered by the challenges in integration into functional architectures. Herein, a novel cross‐linked cyclodextrin (CL‐CD) and LnPOM composite is developed and applied for discriminative detection of inorganic and organic phosphate phases. For inorganic phosphates, a ratiometric fluorescence response is demonstrated with excellent selectivity, and anti‐interference ability in complex analyte mixtures. The outstanding performance is attributed to the high affinity of POM and distinct interactions between La3+ and Eu3+ with the phosphate. For organophosphates, a “signal‐off” fluorescence response for p‐nitrophenyl‐substituted organophosphates is discovered due to the encapsulation of nitrophenyl group into the hydrophobic cavity of CD that enhances the interactions between POM and p‐nitrophenyl phosphate. The discriminative responses of CL‐CD–LnPOM to inorganic phosphates and organophosphates bring new insights into POM‐based fluorescence probes for the detection of inorganic and organic phases based on the intrinsic structural difference between the phosphate analogs.
Low‐Molecular‐Weight Supramolecular‐Polymer Double‐Network Eutectogels for Self‐Adhesive and Bidirectional Sensors
Authors: Liang Yujia , Wang Kaifang , Li Jingjing , Wang Hai , Xie Xiao‐Qiao , Cui Yihan , Zhang Yunfei , Wang Mengke , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIonic conducting eutectogels have attracted enormous attention as an alternative to the conventional temperature‐intolerant hydrogels and costly ionic liquid gels in constructing flexible electronic devices. However, current eutectogels prepared via cross‐linked polymer or low‐molecular‐weight gelators suffer from limited stretchability and insufficient surface‐adaptive adhesion. Herein, a low‐molecular‐weight supramolecular network is introduced into a covalent polymer network in a eutectogel architecture, and a novel supramolecular‐polymer double‐network (SP‐DN) strategy is demonstrated to fabricate conductive SP‐DN eutectogels with high stretchability (>4000% elongation) and toughness (≈800 J m−2), as well as self‐healing, self‐adhesive and anti‐freezing/anti‐drying characteristics. These unique features lead to the successful realization of SP‐DN eutectogels in wearable self‐adhesive strain sensors, which can conformally deform with the skin and dynamically monitor body movements with high sensitivity and long‐term stability over a wide temperature range (−40 to 60 °C). Furthermore, the strain sensors can accurately detect body movements along two opposite directions (bend up or bend down), which are rarely reported in the literature. Distinct from the widely explored polymer double‐network (P‐DN) hydrogels, the developed SP‐DN eutectogel platform is capable of well‐regulating molecular‐scale noncovalent and covalent interactions, providing a paradigm for the creation of smart soft materials with versatile performance and high environmental adaptability.
Advanced Electrolytes Enabling Safe and Stable Rechargeable Li‐Metal Batteries: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Tan Shuang‐Jie , Wang Wen‐Peng , Tian Yi‐Fan , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRechargeable Li‐metal batteries (RLBs) can boost energy yet possess poor cycle stability and safety concerns when utilizing carbonate electrolytes. Countless effort has been invested in researching and developing electrolytes for RLBs to obtain stable and safe batteries. However, only few existing electrolytes meet the requirements for practical RLBs. In this perspective, the challenges of organic liquid electrolytes in the application in RLBs are summarized, and requirements for electrolytes for practical RLBs are proposed. This perspective briefly reviews the recent achievements of electrolytes (liquid‐ and solid‐state) for RLBs and analyzes the corresponding drawbacks of each electrolyte. Further, possible solutions to the existing shortcomings of various electrolytes are proposed. In particular, this perspective outlines the development strategy of in situ gelation electrolytes, accompanied by a call for people using pouch cells to evaluate performance and paying more attention to battery safety research. This perspective aims to expound on the challenges and the possible research directions of RLBs electrolytes to promote practical RLBs better.
Gold‐Doped Covalent Organic Framework Reveals Specific Serum Metabolic Fingerprints as Point of Crohn's Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Yang Chenjie , Yu Hailong , Hu Xufang , Chen Haolin , Wu Hao , Deng Chunhui , Sun Nianrong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrently, most Crohn's disease (CD) patients suffer from serious complications and even surgery due to delayed diagnosis; therefore, point‐of‐care diagnosis of CD is urgently required. In this work, a covalent organic framework@Au (COF‐V@Au) matrix material with excellent laser absorption is prepared, endowing metabolites with great ionization efficiency in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) analysis. In addition, the COF‐V@Au matrix possesses 1093 m2 g−1 of large specific surface area and around 2 nm of average pore size, providing abundant sites and efficient structure for metabolite adsorption. Benefiting from high throughput, high sensitivity, and high ionization efficiency of COF‐V@Au assisted LDI‐MS, the extraction of serum metabolic fingerprints of CD group and healthy group is implemented. Moreover, the two groups are successfully distinguished with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.984 by establishing an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model of Crohn's patients versus healthy controls. Moreover, the expression of 25 features is determined as the prominent metabolic differences between CD patients and the controls. Furthermore, the terminal ileum and ileocolon subtypes of CD are also distinguished from healthy controls with AUC value of 0.989 and 0.991, respectively. Thus, this COF‐V@Au‐assisted LDI‐MS method is expected to be a clinical diagnostic technology in the future.
A Nanotheranostic System Combining Lysosomal Cell Death and Nuclear Apoptosis Functions for Synergistic Cancer Therapy and Addressing Drug Resistance
Authors: Li Youmei , Wu Qian , Li Dan , Huang Jiachang , Wen Haifei , Wu Yi , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe lysosome is a prominent and crucial target for actualizing anticancer therapy due to the outstanding therapeutic effect of lysosomal cell death on apoptosis‐ and drug‐resistance cancer. Exploration of multifunctional materials involving lysosome‐targeting drugs for achieving efficient cancer treatment is definitely appealing, yet a significantly challenging task. Herein, a versatile nanotheranostic system allowing all cancer cell‐targeting, tumor microenvironment stimuli‐responsive, fluorescence imaging, lysosome‐targeting chemotherapy and nucleus‐targeting chemotherapy functions was tactfully designed and constructed, by encapsulating both doxorubicin and a lysosome‐specific targeting drug with aggregation‐induced emission features in functional amphiphilic polymers. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the presented nanotheranostic system exhibited synergistic anticancer therapy effects, negligible systemic toxicity, and remarkable inhibition of drug‐resistant cancer cells. This study thus brings a new insight into the development of a superior effective protocol for practical cancer treatment.
Addressing Particle Compositional Heterogeneities in Super‐Resolution‐Enhanced Live‐Cell Ratiometric pH Sensing with Ultrasmall Fluorescent Core–Shell Aluminosilicate Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Rachel , Erstling Jacob A. , Hinckley Joshua A. , Chapman Dana V. , Wiesner Ulrich B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe interrogation of metabolic parameters like pH in live‐cell experiments using optical super‐resolution microscopy (SRM) remains challenging. This is due to a paucity of appropriate metabolic probes enabling live‐cell SRM‐based sensing. Here, ultrasmall fluorescent core–shell aluminosilicate nanoparticle sensors (FAM–ATTO647N aC′ dots) that covalently encapsulate a reference dye (ATTO647N) in the core and a pH‐sensing moiety (FAM) in the shell are introduced. Only the reference dye exhibits optical blinking enabling live‐cell stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). Using data from cells incubated for 60 min with FAM–ATTO647N aC′ dots, pixelated information from total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy‐based ratiometric sensing can be combined with that from STORM‐based localizations via the blinking reference dye in order to enhance the resolution of ratiometric pH sensor maps beyond the optical diffraction limit. A nearest‐neighbor interpolation methodology is developed to quantitatively address particle compositional heterogeneity as determined by separate single‐particle fluorescence imaging methods. When combined with STORM‐based estimates of the number of particles per vesicle, vesicle size, and vesicular motion as a whole, this analysis provides detailed live‐cell spatial and functional information, paving the way to a comprehensive mapping and understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of nanoparticle processing by cells important, e.g., for applications in nanomedicine.
Organic Semiconducting Luminophores for Near‐Infrared Afterglow, Chemiluminescence, and Bioluminescence Imaging
Authors: Li Xiaozhen , Yin Chao , Liew Si Si , Lee Chun‐Sing , Pu Kanyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOptical imaging has played a pivotal role in deciphering in vivo bioinformatics but is limited by shallow penetration depth and poor imaging performance owing to interfering tissue autofluorescence induced by concurrent photoexcitation. The emergence of near‐infrared (NIR) self‐luminescence imaging independent of real‐time irradiation has timely addressed these problems. There are two main kinds of self‐luminescent agents, namely inorganic and organic luminophores. Inorganic luminophores usually suffer from long‐term biotoxicity concerns resulting from potential heavy‐metal ions leakage and nonbiodegradability, which hinders their further translational application. In contrast, organic luminophores, especially organic semiconducting luminophores (OSLs) with good biodegradable potential, tunable design, and outstanding optical properties, are preferred in biological applications. This review summarizes the recent progress of OSLs used in NIR afterglow, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence imaging. Molecular manipulation and nanoengineering approaches of OSLs are discussed, with emphasis on strategies that can extend the emission wavelength from visible to NIR range and amplify luminescence signals. This review concludes with a discussion of current challenges and possible solutions of OSLs in the self‐luminescence field.
Micropatterns Fabricated by Photodimerization‐Induced Diffusion
Authors: Li Tiantian , Ma Tianjiao , Li Jin , Chen Shuai , Ma Xiaodong , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPattern technology plays an important role in the generation of microstructures with different functionalities and morphologies. In this report, a straightforward and versatile strategy is presented for spatially regulating the growth of a microstructure on a surface by the photodimerization of maleimide (MI). Upon exposure of ultraviolet (UV) light, photodimerization of MI in a film comprising furan‐grafted polymer and bismaleimide (BMI) produces a chemical gradient, which can drive the diffusion of BMI from the unexposed to the exposed region and from the bottom to the surface, resulting in the growth of micropatterns. Sequential crosslinking induced by the Diels–Alder reaction between MI and furan maintains the stability of pattern shape. Theoretical modeling with reaction‐diffusion equations reveal that as photodimerization moves the system far from thermodynamic equilibrium, the formation of a chemical potential gradient requires the redistribution of matter, resulting in the formation of topographies. Directional molecular motion induced by UV light can generate complex morphology, and produce materials with unique optical functions, such as charming‐ordered gratings. This straightforward method of fabricating micropatterns by photodimerization‐induced diffusion is successfully applied to patterned curved surfaces, microfluidic channels and encapsulation of integrated light emitting diode chips.
Dynamic Symmetry Breaking in Chiral Magnetic Systems
Authors: Brock Jeffrey A. , Kitcher Michael D. , Vallobra Pierre , Medapalli Rajasekhar , Li Maxwell P. , De Graef Marc , Riley Grant A. , Nembach Hans T. , Mangin Stéphane , Sokalski Vincent , Fullerton Eric E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in magnetic systems stabilizes spin textures with preferred chirality, applicable to next‐generation memory and computing architectures. In perpendicularly magnetized heavy‐metal/ferromagnet films, the interfacial DMI originating from structural inversion asymmetry and strong spin‐orbit coupling favors chiral Néel‐type domain walls (DWs) whose energetics and mobility remain at issue. Here, a new effect is characterized in which domains expand unidirectionally in response to a combination of out‐of‐plane and in‐plane magnetic fields, with the growth direction controlled by the in‐plane field strength. These growth directionalities and symmetries with applied fields cannot be understood from static treatments alone. The authors theoretically demonstrate that perpendicular field torques stabilize steady‐state magnetization profiles highly asymmetric in elastic energy, resulting in a dynamic symmetry breaking consistent with the experimental findings. This phenomenon sheds light on the mechanisms governing the dynamics of Néel‐type DWs and expands the utility of field‐driven DW motion to probe and control chiral DWs.
Reduced Intrinsic Non‐Radiative Losses Allow Room‐Temperature Triplet Emission from Purely Organic Emitters
Authors: Li Yungui , Jiang Lihui , Liu Wenlan , Xu Shunqi , Li Tian‐Yi , Fries Felix , Zeika Olaf , Zou Yingping , Ramanan Charusheela , Lenk Simone , Scholz Reinhard , Andrienko Denis , Feng Xinliang , Leo Karl , Reineke Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPersistent luminescence from triplet excitons in organic molecules is rare, as fast non‐radiative deactivation typically dominates over radiative transitions. This work demonstrates that the substitution of a hydrogen atom in a derivative of phenanthroimidazole with an N‐phenyl ring can substantially stabilize the excited state. This stabilization converts an organic material without phosphorescence emission into a molecular system exhibiting efficient and ultralong afterglow phosphorescence at room temperature. Results from systematic photophysical investigations, kinetic modeling, excited‐state dynamic modeling, and single‐crystal structure analysis identify that the long‐lived triplets originate from a reduction of intrinsic non‐radiative molecular relaxations. Further modification of the N‐phenyl ring with halogen atoms affects the afterglow lifetime and quantum yield. As a proof‐of‐concept, an anticounterfeiting device is demonstrated with a time‐dependent Morse code feature for data encryption based on these emitters. A fundamental design principle is outlined to achieve long‐lived and emissive triplet states by suppressing intrinsic non‐radiative relaxations in the form of molecular vibrations or rotations.