bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knockout of MAPK Phosphatase-1 Exaggerates Type I IFN Response during Systemic Escherichia coli Infection
Authors: Kirk Sean G. , Murphy Parker R. , Wang Xiantao , Cash Charles J. , Barley Timothy J. , Bowman Bridget A. , Batty Abel J. , Ackerman William E. , Zhang Jian , Nelin Leif D. , Hafner Markus , Liu Yusen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We have previously shown that Mkp-1–deficient mice produce elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 following systemic Escherichia coli infection, and they exhibited increased mortality, elevated bacterial burden, and profound metabolic alterations. To understand the function of Mkp-1 during bacterial infection, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis to compare the global gene expression between E. coli–infected wild-type and Mkp-1−/− mice. A large number of IFN-stimulated genes were more robustly expressed in E. coli–infected Mkp-1−/− mice than in wild-type mice. Multiplex analysis of the serum cytokine levels revealed profound increases in IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α and β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-27, and GMSF levels in E. coli–infected Mkp-1−/− mice relative to wild-type mice. Administration of a neutralizing Ab against the receptor for type I IFN to Mkp-1−/− mice prior to E. coli infection augmented mortality and disease severity. Mkp-1−/− bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM) produced higher levels of IFN-β mRNA and protein than did wild-type BMDM upon treatment with LPS, E. coli, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and herring sperm DNA. Augmented IFN-β induction in Mkp-1−/− BMDM was blocked by a p38 inhibitor but not by an JNK inhibitor. Enhanced Mkp-1 expression abolished IFN-β induction by both LPS and E. coli but had little effect on the IFN-β promoter activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Mkp-1 deficiency did not have an overt effect on IRF3/7 phosphorylation or IKK activation but modestly enhanced IFN-β mRNA stability in LPS-stimulated BMDM. Our results suggest that Mkp-1 regulates IFN-β production primarily through a p38-mediated mechanism and that IFN-β plays a beneficial role in E. coli–induced sepsis.
[In memory of Andrea Sabbadini (1970-2020)]
Authors: Pesarini Fausto , Rapuzzi Pierpaolo 
Published: May 2021

[We commemorate the personality and humanity of the entomologist Andrea Sabbadini (1970-2020) with the addition of a brief biography and notes on the activity he carried out in his field of specialization, the Coleoptera Cerambycidae].

[Article in Italian]
Acute and Subacute Changes in Dynamic Postural Control After Hip Arthroscopy and Postoperative Rehabilitation
Authors: Freke Matthew , King Matthew , Crossley Kay , Sims Kevin , Semciw Adam 
Published: May 2021

Context
Hip pain is associated with impairments in postural control and balance. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a reliable and valid method for measuring dynamic postural control.

Objective
To examine changes in dynamic postural control after hip arthroscopy and subsequent rehabilitation from baseline to 3 and 6 months postsurgery.

Design
Case series.

Setting
Physiotherapy department.

Patients or Other Participants
Sixty-seven individuals (47 men, 20 women; age = 31 ± 8 years, height = 1.78 ± 0.09 m, mass = 83 ± 15 kg) scheduled for hip arthroscopy to address chondrolabral conditions were matched with 67 healthy individuals serving as controls (47 men, 20 women; age = 31 ± 8 years, height = 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass = 80 ± 16 kg). The hip arthroscopy group underwent postoperative rehabilitation including SEBT training.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The SEBT reach normalized to limb length was collected before surgery (baseline) and at 3 and 6 months after arthroscopy and compared with that of the healthy matched control group. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate whether SEBT reach differed among the 3 time points, and t tests were used to evaluate between-limbs and between-groups differences.

Results
The SEBT reach in the hip arthroscopy group at baseline was less than that of the control group in all directions (P values &lt; .001). At 3 months after arthroscopy, SEBT reach increased in the posteromedial (PM; P = .007), posterolateral (PL; P &lt; .001), and anterolateral (AL; P &lt; .001) directions from baseline. At 6 months after arthroscopy, all directions of reach had increased (P values &lt; .001) from baseline. The anteromedial (mean difference [MD] = −2.9%, P = .02), PM (MD = −5.2%, P = .002), and AL (MD = −2.5%, P = .04) reach distances remained shorter at 6 months after surgery in the hip arthroscopy group than in the control group. No difference existed between the control and hip arthroscopy groups for reach in the PL direction (MD = −3.6%; P = .06).

Conclusions
Dynamic balance control in the hip arthroscopy group at baseline was poorer than in a matched control group as measured using the SEBT. At 3 months after hip arthroscopy, we observed improvements in dynamic balance in the PM, PL, and AL SEBT directions. By 6 months after arthroscopy, all directions of SEBT reach had improved, but only the PL reach improved to the level of healthy control individuals.
The utility of a modified W.H.O. TB screening tool among children at a Botswana child welfare clinic
Authors: Dikobe Wame , Molefi Mooketsi , Nkomo Bornapate , Kgwaadira Botshelo , Gasenelwe Boingotlo , Seloilwe Esther , Mashalla Yohanna , Mills Tonya-Ascortt- 
Published: May 2021

Background: In high TB/HIV settings, the increased risk for TB amongst children exposed to HIV has been established through biomedical tests. Screening HIV exposed children for TB can improve early childhood TB detection and treatment.
Objective: This study assessed the utility of a modified World Health Organization (WHO) tool by including HIV variables, to determine TB exposure amongst HIV exposed children presenting to a “Well Child” Clinic (CWC).
Methods: Clinical data were obtained from medical records and/or from the caregivers of children presenting to CWC. Data was analyzed to explore factors associated with positive screening for TB, including being exposed to HIV and current HIV status.
Results: Five percent (55/1100) screened reported a close TB contact and 21% (n=231) had positive TB symptom screen. History of close TB contact was a risk factor for positive screening for TB symptoms (OR 1.89 CI 1.05-3.4) while being HIV negative was protective (OR 0.3, Cl 0.19-0.62). HIV exposure was associated with increased risk of TB exposure (OR 2.9 CI 1.61-5.19).
Conclusion: Integrating HIV variables in the existing WHO screening tool for childhood TB can be useful in early detec- tion and treatment of TB in HIV exposed children in resource limited settings.
Keywords: Childhood TB screening; HIV Exposure screening; TB/HIV integration.
Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among children and adolescents living with HIV in the Mbita Sub County Hospital, Homa Bay- Kenya
Authors: N Tanyi William , Gachuno Onesmus , Odero Theresa , Farquhar Carey , Kimosop David , Mayi Allan 
Published: May 2021

Background: Adequate adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is key to the successful treatment of children and adoles- cents living with HIV. Continuous ART Adherence is the key factor for virologic suppression and stability of the immune system and prevents the occurrence of opportunistic infections. Children and adolescents struggle with adherence to ART for various reasons, including a poor psychosocial support system and clinic attendance.
Objectives: To describe the uptake of HIV treatment services among children and adolescents in the Mbita Sub-County Hospital, Homa Bay and determine how schooling, clinic attendance, and type of pill/regimen affect adherence to ART and viral suppression.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Mbita Sub-County Hospital. Medical chart data was abstracted from the hospital files of children and adolescents between the ages of 0-19 years on antiretroviral therapy, between the periods of October 2016 and September, 2017. Data was analyzed using measures of central tendency, and cross-tabulations were done to compare schooling, clinic attendance, type of pill/regimen and viral suppression. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between groups.
Results: According to patient files reviewed, majority of patients, 244(91.4%) were enrolled into care within 2 weeks of HIV diagnosis according to guidelines, and 193(73.1 %) remained enrolled in care at end of study period. An overall viral suppression of 74.2 %( 132) was recorded. Of all the files reviewed, 121(74.7%) of patients attending school suppressed against 11(68.8 %) out of school, p=0.280. Suppression among Day and boarding reported at 78.6 %( 11) and 74.8 %( 113) of those out of school, respectively, p=0.533. Participants in primary school, 17(85.0%) suppressed better than those in secondary school, 102(73.4%), p=0.263. Keeping clinic appointments among eligible patient files reviewed decreased from 83.1% at 3 months, p=0.016, to 76.6%, p=0.526 at 6 months and to 52.9% at 12 months, p=0.278. Only 3- month clinic appointment return rates and Enhanced Adherence Counseling (EAC) were significant predictors of viral supression χ2 (2) = 0.280, p = 0.869 (> 0.05).
Conclusion: The clinic attendance rate within the first 3 months, and Enhanced Adherence Counseling (EAC) were signif- icant predictors of viral suppression, and therefore adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Keywords: Adherence; clinic attendance; antiretroviral therapy; HIV; virologic suppression.
Retention of pediatric patients in care: a study of the Kibera Community Health Center HIV/AIDS Program
Authors: K Muli-Kinagwi Sara , Ndirangu Meshack , Gachuno Onesmus , Muhula Samuel 
Published: May 2021

Background: In 2011, 3.4 million children were living with HIV worldwide1.
Objectives: Describe the characteristics of pediatric patients enrolled into the HIV program at the Kibera community health center between January 2012 and March 2013. Determine the proportion of enrolled paediatric patients lost to follow up. Determine the correlates associated with retention and loss to follow up.
Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study of program data of all pediatric patients enrolled into the HIV pro- gram in the facility between January 2012 and March 2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Of the 100 pediatric patients enrolled during the study period, 79 and 21 were HIV negative and positive respec- tively. Only 4 (5%) of the HIV exposed Infants and 11 (52%) of the HIV positive children were started on ART within the study period. The retention rate of the children at 3 months was 87% while the retention at both 12 and 15 months was 79%. There was an association between the mother or guardian disclosing their status and the retention of the child (p-value 0.026).
Conclusion: The disclosure of the HIV status by parent/guardian to the child was associated with better retention of the children in the program.
Keyword: Pediatric patients in care; Kibera community health center; HIV/AIDS.
Dietary knowledge, attitude and practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Sudan: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahagoub Idrees Adam Halla , Mohammed Elmosaad Yousif , Elawad Ahmed Abd Elbasit , Khan Asif , Mahmud Ilias 
Published: May 2021

Background: In Sudan, the prevalence of diabetes in adults was estimated at 19.1% in 2015. This study assessed dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Sudan.
Methods: We randomly selected 238 T2DM patients from a list of 2460 patients from the Jabber Abulizz Hospital. We interviewed them face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of KAP regarding the recommended diets for T2DM patients.
Results: Majority of the patients demonstrated good knowledge (54.6%), positive attitude (79%); and good practice (58%). The result revealed that patients with formal education had 3.0 (95% CI: 1.6-5.7) times higher odds of having good diabetic dietary knowledge than those with informal education. While patients who had good knowledge and a positive attitude were respectively 4.7 (95% CI: 2.4-8.9) and 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5-6.7) times more likely to follow dietary recommendations than the patients with poor knowledge and negative attitudes.
Conclusion: Irrespective of the socio-demographic position, the good knowledge and the positive attitude towards the rec- ommended diet, all the T2DM patients complied with the dietary recommendations. These findings highlight the need for improving knowledge and promoting positive attitudes towards the recommended diet among T2DM patients.
Keywords: Dietary knowledge; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Sudan.
Clustering time trends of breast cancer incidence in Africa: a 27-year longitudinal study in 53 countries
Authors: Saberian Mehran , Mehrabani Kamran , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi 
Published: May 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the most common, frequently diagnosed cancer with the highest incidence among female worldwide. Although the incidence is decreasing in developed countries, it is on increase in most of the African countries.
Objective: This study aimed to identify different time trends of breast cancer incidence among African countries using latent mixture approach.
Methods: The information includes newly diagnosed breast cancer patients per 100,000 women for 53 African countries in a period of 1990-2016. Latent mixture modeling was performed in Mplus 7.4 software.
Results: The overall trend of breast cancer in Africa was increasing. Latent mixture model with 5 clusters was estimated as the best using fit indices and linear growth trajectories were specified for each cluster. Nigeria was the only country which belongs to a cluster with negative slope indicating a slow decrease in the breast cancer incidence; also, Seychelles was the only country that showed a sharp increase over time. 31 countries belonged to a cluster with a slope of 0.08, indicating that the incidence of breast cancer is almost constant over time. Cluster 3 including Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Central African Republic, Cote d’lvoire, Equatorial Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda and Zimbabwe and cluster 2 including Gabon, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia and Congo showed a slow and moderate increase in the incidence of breast cancer, respectively.
Conclusion: Providing health education programs is essential in African countries with rising trend of breast cancer during the last decades.
Keywords: Africa; breast cancer; incidence; latent mixture model; trend.
Emotional Competence and Leadership Styles of Managers in Private Universities in Uganda
Authors: Kiggundu ZF 
Published: May 2021

This short paper, a part of a wider study on the effectiveness of university managers in Uganda, reports on the emotional competence and leadership styles of managers in private universities in the country. Using data elicited from 240 respondents drawn from eight (8) private universities in the country, the paper reports a direct relationship between the emotional competence and leadership styles of the managers. However, the paper also observes, capacity building for the university managers has not paid due attention to the need to enhance the managers’ emotional competence. Accordingly, the paper recommends that efforts to enhance the managers’ effectiveness should endeavour to enhance their emotional competence.Keywords: Emotional competence; Governance; Human resources development.
Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, Essai autobiographique « Qui suis-je ? » : lettre aux membres de la Commission centrale de contrôle avec copie àI. V. Staline et L. D. Trotsky (23/05/1923)
Authors: Hallez Xavier 
Published: May 2021

This article introduces extended extracts, translated into French, of Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev’s autobiography written in prison in 1923. Sultan-Galiev(1892-1940) is the most well-known and most influential Muslim communist from Russia over the period 1918-1923. His disgrace was provoked by his refusal of Stalin’s national policy during the discussion on the future USSR’s constitution.He was accused for making an attempt « to unify all Nationals from the peripherals against the Centre » and to be «an anti-party and anti-soviet element». Sultan-Galiev wrote a long and singular autobiography, entitled « Who am I ? », in order to justify his positions and to demonstrate his revolutionary commitment. It is preceded by a letter addressed to the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party and to Stalin and Trotsky, where he analyses the soviet national policy and explains his disagreements with the official line.
cet article présente de larges extraits traduits de l’autobiographie de Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev (1892-1940), écrite en détention en 1923. Sultan-Galievfut un des plus connus et des plus influents communistes musulmans de Russie entre 1918 et 1923. Sa disgrâce fut provoquée par son opposition à la politique nationale stalinienne lors du débat sur la future constitution de l’URSS. Il fut accusé d’avoir tenté « de lier tous les nationaux des régions périphériques pour la lutte contre le centre » et d’être un « élément anti-parti et anti-soviétique ». Sultan-Galiev écrivit une longue et originale autobiographie, intitulée « Qui suis-je ? » pour justifier sa position et démontrer son engagement révolutionnaire.Elle est introduite par une lettre adressée à la Commission de contrôle centrale du Parti communiste et à Staline et Trotsky, dans laquelle il analyse la politique nationale soviétique et les raisons de ses désaccords avec la ligne officielle.
В статье представлены главные выдержки автобиографии Мирсаида Султан-Галиева (1892-1940) написанные им в заключении в 1923г. и переведенные на французский. Султан-Галиев был одним из наиболее известных и наиболее влиятельных мусульманских коммунистов России между 1918 и 1923 гг. Его оппозиция сталинской национальной политике во время обсуждения будущей конституции СССР спровоцировала его попаданием в опалу. Он был обвинен в том, что пытался «связать всех националов из окраин для борьбы против центра » и быть «анти- партийным и анти-советским элементом». Султан-Галиев написал длинную и оригинальную автобиографию « Кто же я ? » чтобы оправдать и доказать свою революционную позицию. К ней преложено письмо, направленное в Центральную Ревизионную Комиссию Коммунистической партии, а также Сталину и Tроцкому, в котором он анализирует советскую национальную политику и причины своих несогласий с линией партии.
Impartial or Involved, European or Polish? In Search of the Identity of the Reporter (Today We’re Going to Draw Death by Wojciech Tochman)
Authors: Sokołowicz Małgorzata 
Published: May 2021

The present paper discusses Today We’re Going to Draw Death, a Polish reportage by Wojciech Tochman, dealing with Tutsi genocide of 1994. The analyses show that the narrator‑reporter becomes an independent protagonist of the text. His approach towards what he describes, his commitment or his impartiality as well as his European spirit dominating the Polish one seem to constitute the features of the contemporary reportage where nothing is given to the reader obliged to look for the meaning altogether with the reporter.
Le présent article se penche sur Aujourd’hui, nous allons dessiner la mort, livrereportage de l’auteur polonais Wojciech Tochman, qui traite du génocide des Tutsis de 1994. Les analyses montrent que le narrateur-reporter devient un héros à part entière dans le texte. Son attitude par rapport à ce qu’il raconte, son engagement ou son impartialité ainsi que l’esprit européen qui l’emporte sur la mentalité polonaise, deviennent des marques du reportage contemporain où rien n’est donné au lecteur qui doit chercher le sens avec le reporter.
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest książce Dzisiaj narysujemy śmierć polskiego reportera Wojciecha Tochmana opisującej, głównie poprzez świadectwa tych, którzy przeżyli, ludobójstwo Tutsi w Ruandzie w 1994 roku. Artykuł pokazuje, że narratorreporter staje się również bohaterem tekstu. Jego stosunek do tego, co opowiada, jego bezstronność lub zaangażowanie, jak również jego europejskość dominująca nad polskością zdają się wskazywać na cechy współczesnego reportażu, gdzie nic nie jest dane czytelnikowi, który wraz z reporterem ma szukać odpowiedzi na trudne pytania.
The Institutions of Stupor. Review of Event Sociologies
Authors: Mitsushima Nagisa 
Published: May 2021

Título : « Las instituciones del estupor : Retorno a las sociologías del evento ». Este artículo sostiene que el evento, asociado habitualmente a la contingencia y lo inédito, se encuentra en realidad sostenido por una sólida armadura institucional que limita en gran medida qué y qué no es posible hacer. A partir de una recensión de la literatura, este artículo aboga por una mejora en la toma en consideración por parte de las ciencias sociales de las dimensiones históricas y convencionales del evento. A partir de propuestas para aprehender esta infraestructura de eventos, formularemos una modalidad complementaria de análisis del objeto “evento” desde la óptica de la sociología histórica y la sociología de las instituciones.
“The institutions of stupor. Review of event sociologies”. This article argues that events, deemed to be defined through the scope of contingency and disruption, are actually tied to a strong institutional framework that greatly constrains what could be done and said during the event. A literature review shows that social sciences should take better account of historical and conventional dimensions of events. By putting forward proposals to study the infrastructure of events, the article’s goal is to specify a complementary analysis of the object "event", through the prism of historical sociology and sociology of institutions.
L’événement, généralement attaché à la contingence et à l’inédit, semble en réalité soutenu par une solide armature institutionnelle, laquelle contraint largement les pratiques des acteurs et les usages qu’ils pourront faire de l’évènement. A partir d’une revue de littérature, l’article plaide pour une meilleure prise en compte, par les sciences sociales, des dimensions historiques et conventionnelles de l’événement. En avançant une série de propositions pour saisir cette infrastructure des événements, l’article entend spécifier une modalité complémentaire d’analyse de l’objet « événement », au prisme de la sociologie historique et de la sociologie des institutions.