bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Adjustment of Labor Markets to Robots
Authors: Dauth Wolfgang , Findeisen Sebastian , Suedekum Jens , Woessner Nicole 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We use detailed administrative data to study the adjustment of local labor markets to industrial robots in Germany. Robot exposure, as predicted by a shift-share variable, is associated with displacement effects in manufacturing, but those are fully offset by new jobs in services. The incidence mostly falls on young workers just entering the labor force. Automation is related to more stable employment within firms for incumbents, and this is driven by workers taking over new tasks in their original plants. Several measures indicate that those new jobs are of higher quality than the previous ones. Young workers also adapt their educational choices, and substitute away from vocational training towards colleges and universities. Finally, industrial robots have benefited workers in occupations with complementary tasks, such as managers or technical scientists.
Accommodating the ‘Best Interests of the Child’ in Custody Disputes in the Indonesian System/s of Family Law
Authors: Rika Saraswati 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the implementation of the right of child custody in the Indonesian Family Law system, which under the Indonesian Marriage Act 1974 does not explicitly regulate the form of custody and ensure the best interests of the child. The research aimed to examine the reasoning by judges (in both the Religious Court and State Courts) and their decisions in child custody disputes, the form of child custody that was granted, and to what extent the reasoning and decisions have considered the (best) interests of the child. A qualitative approach was adopted. The data was obtained by scrutinizing 31 court decisions across the Indonesian archipelago in cases related to divorce and child custody. The research found that judges granted the right of custody to the mother, father, or both parents, depending on various particulars of the case, and parental capability. The Judges’ decision making considered the potential psychological and social effects on the children. However, they did not consider the history of domestic violence by the parents nor fully accommodate the best interests of the child/ren because their voices were not always heard.
Accretion disc cooling and narrow absorption lines in the tidal disruption event AT 2019dsg
Authors: Cannizzaro G , Wevers T , Jonker P G , Pérez-Torres M A , Moldon J , Mata-Sánchez D , Leloudas G , Pasham D R , Mattila S , Arcavi I , Decker French K , Onori F , Inserra C , Nicholl M , Gromadzki M , Chen T-W , Müller-Bravo T E , Short P , Anderson J P , Young D R , Gendreau K C , Arzoumanian Z , Löwenstein M , Remillard R , Roy R , Hiramatsu D 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a large multiwavelength follow-up campaign of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT 2019dsg, focusing on low to high resolution optical spectroscopy, X-ray, and radio observations. The galaxy hosts a super massive black hole of mass $\rm (5.4\pm 3.2)\times 10^6\, M_\odot$ and careful analysis finds no evidence for the presence of an active galactic nucleus, instead the TDE host galaxy shows narrow optical emission lines that likely arise from star formation activity. The transient is luminous in the X-rays, radio, UV, and optical. The X-ray emission becomes undetected after ∼100 d, and the radio luminosity density starts to decay at frequencies above 5.4 GHz by ∼160 d. Optical emission line signatures of the TDE are present up to ∼200 d after the light-curve peak. The medium to high resolution spectra show traces of absorption lines that we propose originate in the self-gravitating debris streams. At late times, after ∼200 d, narrow Fe lines appear in the spectra. The TDE was previously classified as N-strong, but after careful subtraction of the host galaxy’s stellar contribution, we find no evidence for these N lines in the TDE spectrum, even though O Bowen lines are detected. The observed properties of the X-ray emission are fully consistent with the detection of the inner regions of a cooling accretion disc. The optical and radio properties are consistent with this central engine seen at a low inclination (i.e. seen from the poles).
Collection and storage of human white blood cells for analysis of DNA damage and repair activity using the comet assay in molecular epidemiology studies
Authors: Møller Peter , Bankoglu Ezgi Eyluel , Stopper Helga , Giovannelli Lisa , Ladeira Carina , Koppen Gudrun , Gajski Goran , Collins Andrew , Valdiglesias Vanessa , Laffon Blanca , Boutet-Robinet Elisa , Perdry Hervé , Del Bo’ Cristian , Langie Sabine A S , Dusinska Maria , Azqueta Amaya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
DNA damage and repair activity are often assessed in blood samples from humans in different types of molecular epidemiology studies. However, it is not always feasible to analyse the samples on the day of collection without any type of storage. For instance, certain studies use repeated sampling of cells from the same subject or samples from different subjects collected at different time-points, and it is desirable to analyse all these samples in the same comet assay experiment. In addition, flawless comet assay analyses on frozen samples open up the possibility of using this technique on biobank material. In this article we discuss the use of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), buffy coat (BC) and whole blood (WB) for analysis of DNA damage and repair using the comet assay. The published literature and the authors’ experiences indicate that various types of blood samples can be cryopreserved with only a minor effect on the basal level of DNA damage. There is evidence to suggest that WB and PBMCs can be cryopreserved for several years without much effect on the level of DNA damage. However, care should be taken when cryopreserving WB and BCs. It is possible to use either fresh or frozen samples of blood cells, but results from fresh and frozen cells should not be used in the same dataset. The article outlines detailed protocols for the cryopreservation of PBMCs, BCs and WB samples.
The rDNA is biomolecular condensate formed by polymer–polymer phase separation and is sequestered in the nucleolus by transcription and R-loops
Authors: Lawrimore Josh , Kolbin Daniel , Stanton John , Khan Muznah , de Larminat Solenn C , Lawrimore Colleen , Yeh Elaine , Bloom Kerry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nucleolus is the site of ribosome biosynthesis encompassing the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus in a phase separated state within the nucleus. In budding yeast, we find the rDNA locus and Cdc14, a protein phosphatase that co-localizes with the rDNA, behave like a condensate formed by polymer–polymer phase separation, while ribonucleoproteins behave like a condensate formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. The compaction of the rDNA and Cdc14’s nucleolar distribution are dependent on the concentration of DNA cross-linkers. In contrast, ribonucleoprotein nucleolar distribution is independent of the concentration of DNA cross-linkers and resembles droplets in vivo upon replacement of the endogenous rDNA locus with high-copy plasmids. When ribosomal RNA is transcribed from the plasmids by Pol II, the rDNA–binding proteins and ribonucleoprotein signals are weakly correlated, but upon repression of transcription, ribonucleoproteins form a single, stable droplet that excludes rDNA-binding proteins from its center. Degradation of RNA–DNA hybrid structures, known as R-loops, by overexpression of RNase H1 results in the physical exclusion of the rDNA locus from the nucleolar center. Thus, the rDNA locus is a polymer–polymer phase separated condensate that relies on transcription and physical contact with RNA transcripts to remain encapsulated within the nucleolus.
Uncertainties in synthetic DNA-based data storage
Authors: Xu Chengtao , Zhao Chao , Ma Biao , Liu Hong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has evolved to be a naturally selected, robust biomacromolecule for gene information storage, and biological evolution and various diseases can find their origin in uncertainties in DNA-related processes (e.g. replication and expression). Recently, synthetic DNA has emerged as a compelling molecular media for digital data storage, and it is superior to the conventional electronic memory devices in theoretical retention time, power consumption, storage density, and so forth. However, uncertainties in the in vitro DNA synthesis and sequencing, along with its conjugation chemistry and preservation conditions can lead to severe errors and data loss, which limit its practical application. To maintain data integrity, complicated error correction algorithms and substantial data redundancy are usually required, which can significantly limit the efficiency and scale-up of the technology. Herein, we summarize the general procedures of the state-of-the-art DNA-based digital data storage methods (e.g. write, read, and preservation), highlighting the uncertainties involved in each step as well as potential approaches to correct them. We also discuss challenges yet to overcome and research trends in the promising field of DNA-based data storage.
Elucidation of the BMI1 interactome identifies novel regulatory roles in glioblastoma
Authors: Freire-Benéitez Verónica , Pomella Nicola , Millner Thomas O , Dumas Anaëlle A , Niklison-Chirou Maria Victoria , Maniati Eleni , Wang Jun , Rajeeve Vinothini , Cutillas Pedro , Marino Silvia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive intrinsic brain tumour in adults. Epigenetic mechanisms controlling normal brain development are often dysregulated in GBM. Among these, BMI1, a structural component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), which promotes the H2AK119ub catalytic activity of Ring1B, is upregulated in GBM and its tumorigenic role has been shown in vitro and in vivo. Here, we have used protein and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to elucidate the protein composition of PRC1 in GBM and transcriptional silencing of defining interactors in primary patient-derived GIC lines to assess their functional impact on GBM biology. We identify novel regulatory functions in mRNA splicing and cholesterol transport which could represent novel targetable mechanisms in GBM.
The Effect of Taxation on Corporate Financing and Investment
Authors: Chen Hong , Frank Murray Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Extensive empirical research concerning the impact of taxes on corporate decisions has had trouble identifying seemingly obvious effects. Perhaps the problem is that the seemingly obvious tax predictions are not quite right. We provide an equilibrium model with both corporate and personal taxes. In the steady-state equilibrium, the corporate tax rate affects the level of production despite interest deductibility at the firm level, but not household-level taxes on interest earnings or dividends. We prove several other tax irrelevance results and document a Laffer curve in the corporate tax rate. (JEL G31, G32, G35)
Paradoxical Sensitivity to Sub-threshold Asynchronies in Schizophrenia: A Behavioral and EEG Approach
Authors: Marques-Carneiro José Eduardo , Krieg Julien , Duval Céline Z , Schwitzer Thomas , Giersch Anne 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The flow of consciousness is disrupted and disorganized in schizophrenia. We explore the hypothesis that this disruption is related to asynchronies not being predicted in advance and standing out instead of being integrated in the flow of events. We recorded EEG continuously during a simultaneity/asynchrony discrimination task, in which subjects decide whether 2 squares are shown simultaneously or with an asynchrony (asynchronies were between 24 and 96 ms). Behavioral data was obtained in 32 patients with schizophrenia and 27 matched controls, and EEG was recorded in a subset of 17 patients vs 15 controls. Two results suggested a lack of asynchrony prediction in patients. Behavioral difficulties at detecting asynchronies increased in patients with schizophrenia relative to controls after a detection of simultaneity, and this effect was correlated with clinical disorganization. Desynchronization of alpha activity observed before the beginning of a trial was larger after asynchronous than simultaneous responses in controls, but not in patients. EEG signals additionally suggested abnormal sensitivity to short asynchronies in patients. The amplitude of early signals around 180 ms after the first square abnormally increased in patients for short asynchronies relative to perfect simultaneity, whereas EEG signals at parietal regions decreased in amplitude in patients relative to controls, in the 400–600 ms interval after the first square. These results reinforce the hypothesis of time prediction and sequencing impairments at the sub-second level and may provide an explanation for the disruption of the patients’ consciousness flow.
Disruptions in the management and care of university students with preexisting mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ligus Kaleigh , Fritzson Emily , Hennessy Emily A , Acabchuk Rebecca L , Bellizzi Keith 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Students with preexisting mental health conditions or disabilities may fair worse due to virus mitigation strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted to understand the experiences of students with preexisting mental health conditions or disabilities at a public university during COVID-19. We examined disruptions in the management of preexisting mental health conditions or disabilities and its impact on psychological well-being. Students were surveyed about their health care experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic between June and September 2020. Linear regressions and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between disruption to care, mental health self-efficacy, and four psychological well-being outcomes (stress, anxiety, depression, and overall distress). Of the total (N = 1,082) study participants, 258 (24%) reported having a preexisting mental health condition(s) or disabilities (81% female; Mage = 23.47). Of those, 155 (61%) reported that COVID-19 disrupted health care delivery and management of their conditions or disabilities. Of those who reported this disruption, 51% (n = 109) of participants reported a disruption in their ability to see a health care professional and 58% (n = 69) reported either that they lost care or that the quality of the new telemedicine care was not sufficient. A series of linear regressions revealed significant relationships between disruption to care and the four psychological outcomes. Mediation analyses revealed that depression, stress, anxiety, and overall distress were mediated by self-efficacy in managing mental health. University administrators and health care providers should evaluate the scope of mental health care and telemedicine services for students to help long-term psychological effects of COVID-19.
Uptake of universal drug susceptibility testing among people with TB in a south Indian district: How are we faring?
Authors: Ranganath Rajani , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Bahadur Abdul K , Naik Venkatesh , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Kumar Ajay M V , Peerapur Basavaraj V , Babu Surendra , Somshekhar N , Singarajipur Anil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
India implements universal drug susceptibility testing (UDST) using rapid genotypic tests (cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test CBNAAT - and line probe assay - LPA). to bridge the gap of diagnosis of multidrug/rifampicin-resistant TB. There is limited evidence assessing the implementation of UDST in India. We assessed the implementation among people with pulmonary TB notified from public facilities in October 2019 from Raichur (Karnataka), India.

Methods
A cohort study involving secondary data in routine programme settings was conducted. All people with TB underwent a rapid genotypic DST for rifampicin resistance followed by first line-LPA (FL-LPA) if sensitive and second line-LPA (SL-LPA) if resistant.

Results
Of 217 people, 15.7% (n=34) did not undergo rapid genotypic DST. Of 135 who were rifampicin-sensitive detected on CBNAAT, 68.1% (n=92) underwent FL-LPA, and out of the six rifampicin-resistant cases, 66.7% (n=4) underwent SL-LPA. Overall, 65.4% (142/217) completed the UDST algorithm. Children (aged &lt;15 y) and people with bacteriological non-confirmation on microscopy were less likely to undergo rapid genotypic DST. Of 183 patients who underwent both rapid genotypic DST and sputum smear microscopy, 150 were bacteriologically confirmed and, of them, 9 (6%) were ‘rapid DST-negative’.

Conclusion
We found gaps at various steps. There were a significant number of ‘rapid DST-negative, smear-positive’ patients.
Origin and evolution of the Haustoriidae (Amphipoda): a eulogy for the Haustoriidira
Authors: Hancock Zachary B , Ogawa Hiroshi , Light Jessica E , Wicksten Mary K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Haustoriid amphipods have received little recent attention and their systematics and phylogenetics are largely unresolved. Some efforts have been made at classifying the family within the broader Amphipoda, but there is persistent incongruence in its placement among different authors and techniques. Furthermore, there exists no phylogenetic hypothesis of intrafamilial relationships. In this work, we evaluate the competing hypotheses on the phylogenetic position of the Haustoriidae within Amphipoda by examining new and previously published sequences of nearly 100 species across 38 families. We find strong support for the Haustoriidae as basal gammarids, and that other families placed within the parvorder ‘Haustoriidira’ are spread across Amphipoda. The radiation began during the Eocene and may have been driven in North America by the rapid filling of a coastal niche opened by the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. Unlike previous work, we find that the Pacific-endemic genus Eohaustorius is the most basal haustoriid, and that it separated from the rest of the family ~31 Mya. Finally, we provide taxonomic recommendations for relationships within Haustoriidae, including the elevation of a new genus, Cryptohaustorius gen. nov.. We conclude by recommending that the ‘Haustoriidira’ be abandoned.
Fas‐associated factor 1 induces the accumulation of α‐synuclein through autophagic suppression in dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Kim Bok‐Seok , Jang Taeik , Yoo Sung‐Eun , Lee Jae Moon , Kim Eunhee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImpairment of protein clearance mechanisms leads to α‐synuclein accumulation in dopaminergic neurons, contributing to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on the finding that Fas‐associated factor 1 (FAF1), a positive modulator of PD, colocalizes with α‐synuclein in PD patient brains, we investigated the existence of pathological interplay between FAF1 and α‐synuclein. Monomeric and high‐molecular‐weight forms of α‐synuclein were increased in FAF1‐overexpressing SH‐SY5Y cells. In particular, α‐synuclein turnover was accelerated by genetic depletion of FAF1 in SH‐SY5Y cells. Therefore, we questioned whether FAF1 is involved in the α‐synuclein clearance process. Autophagy inhibitors, but not proteasome inhibitors, restored concurrent attenuation of α‐synuclein expression by FAF1 depletion in SH‐SY5Y cells. Moreover, we found alterations in autophagy markers in SH‐SY5Y cells caused by FAF1 overexpression, indicating that FAF1 disturbed α‐synuclein clearance through the autophagy‐lysosome pathway. Indeed, FAF1 activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, subsequently suppressing autophagosome formation. Consistently, α‐synuclein‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in FAF1‐overexpressing SH‐SY5Y cells. Furthermore, FAF1 overexpression using stereotaxic injection of adeno‐associated virus led to α‐synuclein accumulation and autophagy dysregulation in the PD model mice. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role for FAF1: that of a negative regulator of autophagic α‐synuclein clearance.
Embryo biosensing by uterine natural killer cells determines endometrial fate decisions at implantation
Authors: Kong Chow‐Seng , Ordoñez Alexandra Almansa , Turner Sarah , Tremaine Tina , Muter Joanne , Lucas Emma S. , Salisbury Emma , Vassena Rita , Tiscornia Gustavo , Fouladi‐Nashta Ali A. , Hartshorne Geraldine , Brosens Jan J. , Brighton Paul J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDecidualizing endometrial stromal cells (EnSC) critically determine the maternal response to an implanting conceptus, triggering either menstruation‐like disposal of low‐fitness embryos or creating an environment that promotes further development. However, the mechanism that couples maternal recognition of low‐quality embryos to tissue breakdown remains poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that successful transition of the cycling endometrium to a pregnancy state requires selective elimination of pro‐inflammatory senescent decidual cells by activated uterine natural killer (uNK) cells. Here we report that uNK cells express CD44, the canonical hyaluronan (HA) receptor, and demonstrate that high molecular weight HA (HMWHA) inhibits uNK cell‐mediated killing of senescent decidual cells. In contrast, low molecular weight HA (LMWHA) did not attenuate uNK cell activity in co‐culture experiments. Killing of senescent decidual cells by uNK cells was also inhibited upon exposure to medium conditioned by IVF embryos that failed to implant, but not successful embryos. Embryo‐mediated inhibition of uNK cell activity was reversed by recombinant hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2), which hydrolyses HMWHA. We further report a correlation between the levels of HYAL2 secretion by human blastocysts, morphological scores, and implantation potential. Taken together, the data suggest a pivotal role for uNK cells in embryo biosensing and endometrial fate decisions at implantation.
Regression of human coronary artery plaque is associated with a high ratio of (18‐hydroxy‐eicosapentaenoic acid + resolvin E1) to leukotriene B4
Authors: Welty Francine K. , Schulte Fabian , Alfaddagh Abdulhamied , Elajami Tarec K. , Bistrian Bruce R. , Hardt Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInflammation in arterial walls leads to coronary artery disease (CAD). We previously reported that a high omega‐3 fatty index was associated with prevention of progression of coronary atherosclerosis, a disease of chronic inflammation in the arterial wall. However, the mechanism of such benefit is unclear. The two main omega‐3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors of specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators (SPMs)–resolvins and maresins–which actively resolve chronic inflammation. To explore whether SPMs are associated with coronary plaque progression, levels of SPMs and proinflammatory mediators (leukotriene B4 [LTB4] and prostaglandins) were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in 31 statin‐treated patients with stable CAD randomized to either EPA and DHA, 3.36 g daily, or no EPA/DHA (control). Coronary plaque volume was measured by coronary computed tomographic angiography at baseline and at 30‐month follow‐up. Higher plasma levels of EPA+DHA were associated with significantly increased levels of two SPMs–resolvin E1 and maresin 1–and 18‐hydroxy‐eicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), the precursor of resolvin E1. Those with low plasma EPA+DHA levels had a low (18‐HEPE+resolvin E1)/LTB4 ratio and significant plaque progression. Those with high plasma EPA+DHA levels had either low (18‐HEPE+resolvin E1)/LTB4 ratios with significant plaque progression or high (18‐HEPE+resolvin E1)/LTB4 ratios with significant plaque regression. These findings suggest that an imbalance between pro‐resolving and proinflammatory lipid mediators is associated with plaque progression and potentially mediates the beneficial effects of EPA and DHA in CAD patients.