bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of ferulic acid from corn bran by adsorption on mesoporous carbon
Authors: Ren Na , Wang Conghui , Zhao Zhuo , Liang Yajing , Wei Wei , Qin Guotong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA great deal of corn bran is produced annually as a by‐product of the corn industry. Here, ferulic acid has been extracted from corn bran and purified by adsorption on mesoporous carbon. Different adsorption conditions, including solution pH, adsorption time, and solution concentration, have been investigated in static adsorption experiments, and an adsorption isotherm and a kinetic model have been established. Our results show that the mesoporous carbon has a much higher adsorption capacity for ferulic acid than those of activated charcoal, other activated carbon materials, and macroporous resins previously used to purify ferulic acid. The adsorption data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm and a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. The potential rate‐controlling step has been examined by kinetic models. It was found that film diffusion controlled the adsorption process. Dynamic adsorption on mesoporous carbon has been shown to be efficient for the purification of ferulic acid from corn bran extract. Mesoporous carbon is a promising adsorbent for purification of ferulic acid due to its high adsorption capacity and rapid kinetics.Practical ApplicationsFerulic acid has been extracted from corn bran, an abundant by‐product of the corn industry. Mesoporous carbon has been applied in the purification of ferulic acid, based on its pore size matching the size of the ferulic acid molecule. The adsorption mechanism, kinetics, and control step have been studied. An elution chromatography was tested. The establishment of adsorption models and mass transferring parameter that can describe and predict the adsorption process is conducive to obtaining a full understanding, which is significant for the design of adsorption process.
Serum albumin and risks of hospitalization and death: Findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Authors: Shannon Colleen M. , Ballew Shoshana H. , Daya Natalie , Zhou Linda , Chang Alex R. , Sang Yingying , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth , Grams Morgan E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether lower serum albumin in community‐dwelling, older adults is associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death independent of pre‐existing disease.DesignProspective cohort study of participants in the fifth visit of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Baseline data were collected from 2011 to 2013. Follow‐up was available to December 31, 2017. Replication was performed in Geisinger, a health system in rural Pennsylvania.SettingFor ARIC, four US communities: Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; and suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota.ParticipantsA total of 4947 community‐dwelling men and women aged 66 to 90 years.ExposureSerum albumin.Main OutcomesIncident all‐cause hospitalization and death.ResultsAmong the 4947 participants, mean age was 75.5 years (SD: 5.12) and mean baseline serum albumin concentration was 4.05 g/dL (SD: 0.30). Over a median follow‐up period of 4.42 years (interquartile interval: 4.16–5.05), 553 participants (11.2%) died and 2457 participants (49.7%) were hospitalized at least once. The total number of hospitalizations was 5725. In analyses adjusted for demographics and numerous clinical characteristics, including tobacco use, obesity, frailty, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes C‐reactive protein (CRP), cognitive status, alcohol use, medication use, respiratory disease, and systolic blood pressure, 1 g/dL lower baseline serum albumin concentration was associated with higher risk of both hospitalization (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–1.82; p < 0.001) and death (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.24–2.24; p < 0.001). Associations were weaker with older age but not different by frailty status or level of high‐sensitivity CRP. Associations between serum albumin, hospitalizations, and death were also similar in a real‐world cohort of primary care patients.ConclusionsLower baseline serum albumin was significantly associated with increased risk of both all‐cause hospitalization and death, independent of pre‐existing disease. Older adults with low serum albumin should be considered a high‐risk population and targeted for interventions to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.
Hyperglycaemia‐associated Caspase‐3 predicts diabetes and coronary artery disease events
Authors: Sun Jiangming , Singh Pratibha , Österlund Johan , Orho‐Melander Marju , Melander Olle , Engström Gunnar , Edsfeldt Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundApoptosis is central in both diabetes and atherosclerosis, linked to pancreatic beta cell death and plaque progression. Circulating Caspase‐3 has also been associated with diabetes and coronary calcium score. Here, we explored if soluble Caspase‐3 (sCaspase‐3) is associated with cardio‐metabolic risk factors and predicts incidence of diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsClinical data and plasma from 4637 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort were studied. Plasma sCaspase‐3 was measured by a Proximity Extension Assay. National registers were used to identify diabetes and CAD events during follow‐up. Type 2 diabetes risk variants and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for sCaspase‐3 were retrieved from the DIAGRAM consortium and the Genotype‐Tissue Expression project.ResultsHbA1c was the factor with the strongest association with sCaspase‐3 (r = 0.18, P = 1.3x10−36). During follow‐up 666 individuals developed diabetes and 648 individuals suffered from CAD. Increasing sCaspase‐3 was associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) 1.18 per 1unit; P = 7 × 10−5) and CAD (HR 1.2 per 1 unit, P = 1 × 10−4) during follow‐up. A genetic variant rs60780116, located upstream of CASP3, showed strong association with type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.04–1.07, P = 8.4 × 10−11). An eQTL was identified between this variant and gene expression of CASP3, where the allele positively correlated with type 2 diabetes was associated with increased CASP3 expression in blood.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence for plasma sCaspase‐3 as a marker of cardio‐metabolic risk factors and as a predictor of future diabetes and CAD in a cohort without cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline.
Water content changes in new multiple sclerosis lesions have a minimal effect on the determination of myelin water fraction values
Authors: Vavasour Irene M. , Chang Kimberley L. , Combes Anna J. E. , Meyers Sandra M. , Kolind Shannon H. , Rauscher Alexander , Li David K. B. , Traboulsee Anthony , MacKay Alex L. , Laule Cornelia 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeMyelin water fraction (MWF) is a histopathologically validated in vivo myelin marker. As MWF is the proportion of water with a short T2 relative to the total water, increases in water from edema and inflammation may confound MWF determination in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Total water content (TWC) measurement enables calculation of absolute myelin water content (MWC) and can be used to distinguish edema/inflammation from demyelination. We assessed what influence changes in total water might have on MWF by calculating MWC values in new MS lesions.Methods3T 32‐echo T2 relaxation data were collected monthly for 6 months from six relapsing‐remitting MS participants. TWC was determined and multiplied with MWF images to calculate corrected MWC images. The effect of this water content correction was examined in 20 new lesions by comparing mean MWF and MWC over time.ResultsOn average, at lesion first appearance, lesion TWC increased by 6.4% (p = .003; range: –1% to +21%), MWF decreased by 24% (p = .006; range: –70% to +12%), and MWC decreased by 20% (p = .026; range: –68% to +21%), relative to prelesion values. Average TWC in lesions then gradually decreased, whereas MWF and MWC remained low. The shape of the MWF and MWC lesion evolution curves was nearly identical, differing only by an offset.ConclusionMWF mirrors MWC and is able to monitor myelin in new lesions. Even after taking into account water content increases, MWC still decreased at lesion first appearance attributed to demyelination.
Genetic diversity and mating‐type frequency of Exserohilum turcicum in Turkey
Authors: Turgay Emine Burcu , Çelik Oğuz Arzu , Ölmez Fatih , Tunali Berna , Kurt Şener , Akçali Efkan , Baran Behzat , Büyük Orhan , Helvacioğlu Özge , Enginsu Sevilay , Kansu Bayram 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNorthern corn leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum is one of the most significant diseases in maize‐growing fields, resulting in yield reduction worldwide. Genetic diversity and mating‐type of E. turcicum were determined using isolates collected from 7 important maize cultivation provinces in 4 different geographic regions of Turkey during 2014–2015. Multilocus haplotypes of E. turcicum isolates were characterized using 13 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer pairs, which were amplified in PCR multiplex reactions. The evaluation of mating‐type ratio generated from the E. turcicum population was by χ2 significance test. MAT‐1 and MAT‐2 mating‐type were shown in the population; however, the χ2 significance test did not support the sexual reproduction hypothesis in any region. The E. turcicum population was found to produce predominantly asexual reproduction in Turkey. Numerous E. turcicum isolates showed very high genetic similarity and did not show a distinct cluster dependent on region or mating‐type on a dendrogram of genetic diversity. This result showed that one‐hundred per cent similarity in most of the collected isolates from different regions might also support long‐distance migration.
Evidence for local‐scale community assembly processes from long‐term observations of biodiversity in a grassland chronosequence
Authors: McKone Mark J. , Williams Evelyn W. , Beck Jared J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuestionsHabitat restorations offer the opportunity to observe community development over time to infer processes that drive assembly. We used long‐term data from diverse prairie plantings to test predictions of alternate models of community assembly.LocationPrairie plantings in former agricultural fields in Northfield, MN, USA.MethodsWe studied the plant community in adjacent prairie plantings across a 13‐year chronosequence. Permanent plots were surveyed repeatedly over a 16‐year period when the prairies were from 5 to 21 years old.ResultsMarked differences in plant composition and diversity among planting blocks obscured temporal inferences across the chronosequence; we found no age effect on any biodiversity parameter within the same sample year. However, strong age effects were evident when longitudinal changes were examined within planting blocks. Changes in local‐scale species richness and Shannon diversity were highly dependent on initial conditions. Low‐diversity plots gained species and high‐diversity plots lost species, resulting in convergence of taxonomic diversity. Phylogenetic diversity increased significantly with age. Processes that could reduce coexistence of related species include competitive exclusion and shared enemies. The species that gained or lost abundance were randomly distributed across the phylogeny overall. Legume species (Fabaceae) consistently increased over time, but grasses (Poaceae) and composites (Asteraceae) had a mix of species that increased or decreased. The species that increased were more likely to be late‐successional prairie specialists; declining species were more likely to be habitat generalists.ConclusionsOur results show that the trajectory of plant community succession in prairie plantings is highly variable, and depends on initial species diversity and phylogenetic relatedness. Such variation weakens the space‐for‐time substitution assumption in chronosequence studies; caution is necessary in interpreting chronosequence data from a single time sample. Restoration plantings over multiple sites and years are necessary to maximize landscape‐level diversity.
Privacy protections and law enforcement use of prescription drug monitoring databases
Authors: Boustead Anne E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are databases that can be used by healthcare professionals to identify problematic drug‐seeking behavior. Law enforcement officers can also obtain PDMP information, raising significant privacy concerns. In this paper, I use regression analysis to explore the association between state PDMP protections and law enforcement information requests. I find that while requiring law enforcement to meet a specified standard of proof prior to accessing PDMP information is associated with fewer requests, other methods of regulating law enforcement access are not. These findings provide important and novel evidence about law enforcement behavior in response to privacy protections.
A genome‐wide association study identifying SVEP1 variant as a predictor of response to tolvaptan for cirrhotic ascites
Authors: Kawaratani Hideto , Sawai Hiromi , Onishi Masaya , Kogiso Tomomi , Shimada Noritomo , Uojima Haruki , Nakajima Tomoaki , Matsumoto Naoki , Ikejima Kenichi , Ishikawa Toru , Terai Shuji , Motoyama Hiroyuki , Komori Atsumasa , Hirashima Noboru , Saito Satoru , Eguchi Yuichiro , Nojima Masanori , Kawai Yosuke , Tateyama Masakuni , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsTolvaptan, vasopressin V2‐receptor antagonist, has been used for patients with difficult‐to‐treat ascites in Japan. In this study, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in the Japanese population to identify genetic variants associated with tolvaptan's efficacy for patients with hepatic ascites.MethodsFrom 2014 through 2018, genomic DNA samples were obtained from 550 patients who were treated with tolvaptan. Of those, 80 cases (non‐responder; increase of body weight [BW]) and 333 controls (responder; >1.5 kg decrease of BW) were included in the GWAS and replication study.ResultsGenome‐wide association study showed 5 candidate SNPs around the miR818, KIAA1109, and SVEP1 genes. After validation and performing a replication study, an SNP (rs2991364) located in the SVEP1 gene was found to have a significant genome‐wide association (OR = 3.55, P = 2.01 × 10‐8). Multivariate analyses showed that serum sodium (Na), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and SVEP1 SNP were significantly associated with the response (OR = 0.92, P = .003; OR = 1.02, P = .02 and OR = 3.98, P = .000008, respectively). Based on a prediction model of logistic regression analysis in a population with the rs2991364 risk allele, the failure probability (=exp (score: 22.234 + BUN*0.077 + Na*‐0.179) (1 + exp (score)) was determined for the detection of non‐responders. Assuming a cutoff of failure probability at 38.6%, sensitivity was 84.4%, specificity was 70% and AUC was 0.774.ConclusionSVEP1 rs2991364 was identified as the specific SNP for the tolvaptan response. The prediction score (>38.6%) can identify tolvaptan non‐responders and help to avoid a lengthy period of futile treatment.
Petrology and mineralogy of an igneous clast in the Northwest Africa 1685 (LL4) chondrite: Comparison with alkali‐rich igneous clasts in LL‐chondritic breccias
Authors: Niihara Takafumi , Yokoyama Tatsunori , Arai Tomoko , Misawa Keiji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe have conducted petrological and mineralogical studies on an igneous clast in the Northwest Africa (NWA) 1685 (LL4) chondrite. This meteorite was described in the Meteoritical Bulletin as containing clasts similar to alkali‐rich clasts in LL chondritic breccias Yamato (Y)‐74442 (LL4), Bhola (LL3‐6), and Krähenberg (LL5). We carefully compared the textures, as well as mineral and matrix compositions, of the NWA 1685 clast with those of the previously described alkali‐rich clasts in the LL chondritic breccias. Olivine grains are embedded in glassy matrix and have no chemical zoning. Shock melt veins and fractures were observed only in olivine grains and did not continue into matrix. Potassium abundance of matrix glasses of the NWA 1685 clast is lower than those of alkali‐rich igneous clasts in Y‐74442, Bhola, and Krähenberg, indicating that the igneous clasts in NWA 1685 are different from the alkali‐rich clasts previously reported in the LL chondritic breccias. The NWA 1685 clast might have formed during an impact melting and quenching event on the LL‐chondrite parent body, and then been incorporated into a breccia.
Natural selection and the distribution of chromosomal inversion lengths
Authors: Connallon Tim , Olito Colin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChromosomal inversions contribute substantially to genome evolution, yet the processes governing their evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood. Theory suggests that a readily measurable property of inversions—their length—can potentially affect their evolutionary fates. Emerging data on the lengths of polymorphic and fixed inversions may therefore provide clues to the evolutionary processes promoting inversion establishment. However, formal predictions for the distribution of inversion lengths remain incomplete, making empirical patterns difficult to interpret. We model the relation between inversion length and establishment probability for four inversion types: (1) neutral, (2) underdominant, (3) directly beneficial, and (4) indirectly beneficial, with selection favouring the latter because they capture locally adapted alleles at migration‐selection balance and suppress recombination between them. We also consider how deleterious mutations affect the lengths of established inversions. We show that length distributions of common polymorphic and fixed inversions systematically differ among inversion types. Small rearrangements contribute the most to genome evolution under neutral and underdominant scenarios of selection, with the lengths of neutral inversion substitutions increasing, and those of underdominant substitutions decreasing, with effective population size. Among directly beneficial inversions, small rearrangements are preferentially fixed, whereas intermediate‐to‐large inversions are maintained as balanced polymorphisms via associative overdominance. Finally, inversions established under the local adaptation scenario are predominantly intermediate‐to‐large. Such inversions remain polymorphic or approach fixation within the local populations where they are favoured. Our models clarify how inversion length distributions relate to processes of inversion establishment, providing a platform for testing how natural selection shapes the evolution of genome structure.
Illocutionary force and attitude mode in normative disputes
Authors: Marques Teresa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDisagreements about what we owe to each other and about how to live pervade different dimensions of human interaction. We communicate our different moral and normative views in discourse. These disputes have features that are challenging to some semantic theories. This paper assesses recent Stalnakerian views of communication in moral and normative domains. These views model conversational context updates made with normative claims. They also aim to explain disputes between people who follow different norms or values. The paper presents various problems for these Stalnakerian views. Together, the problems show the insufficiency of metasemantic theories based only on speakers’ psychological states in general, and of their application to normative communication in particular. The paper concludes that the problems require a new conception of how common ground relates to illocutionary force and attitude mode.
Process and Pendulum in Schubert's Expanded Type 1 Sonatas
Authors: Guez Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThrough analysis of three of Schubert's expanded Type 1 sonatas – the Finales of the Piano Sonata, D. 960, the Cello Quintet, D. 956 and the ‘Rosamunde’ Quartet, D. 804 – this article brings to light a recapitulatory formal process that Schubert seems to have favoured for works in this form. The process is as follows: after the pieces under consideration are ‘expanded’ by interpolations of developmental material into their recapitulations, each of them then ‘counteracts’ the proportional imbalance that is wrought by these expansions by enacting a series of recapitulatory deletions. On my reading, these deletions of referential material are gestures towards symmetrical or proportional equilibrium; they seek to restore to the essentially two‐part form a rough balance of size between halves. The process is likened to the behaviour of a pendulum, which swings outwards as the initial developmental expansion distorts the ideal symmetry of the bi‐rotational structure. The pendulum then begins to swing inwards as the series of deletions pushes towards the restoration of the large‐scale proportional balance. An inverse example of the behaviour is shown to be present in the earlier Overtureim italienischen Stil, D. 590. The pendular process is read as a specifically formal aspect of a Schubertian style characteristic that Michael Spitzer has recently referred to as his ‘general sensibility to balance’.
Risk averse choices of managed beach widths under environmental uncertainty
Authors: Jin Di , Hoagland Porter , Ashton Andrew D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApplying a theoretical geo‐economic approach, we examined key factors affecting decisions about the choice of beach width when eroded coastal beaches are being nourished (i.e., when fill is placed to widen a beach). Within this geo‐economic framework, optimal beach width is positively related to its values for hazard protection and recreation and negatively related to nourishment costs and the discount rate. Using a dynamic modeling framework, we investigated the time paths of beach width and nourishment that maximized net present value under an accelerating sea level. We then analyzed how environmental uncertainty about expected future beach width, arising from natural shoreline dynamics, intermittent large storms, or sea‐level rise, leads to economic choices favoring narrower beaches. Risk aversion can affect a coastal property owner's choice of beach width in contradictory ways: the expected benefits of hazard protection must be balanced against the expected costs of repeated nourishment actions.Recommendations for Resource Managers

Because of environmental uncertainty, coastal protection projects are risky investments. It is important to consider the effects of uncertainty on cost–benefit assessments of these projects.
Without uncertainty, optimal beach width is positively related to its values for hazard protection and recreation and negatively related to nourishment costs and the discount rate.
Uncertainty about future shoreline positions has a negative impact on the choice of an optimal beach width.
Risk aversion can affect a coastal property owner's choice of beach width in contradictory ways: a wider beach to protect their home, and a narrower beach if the effectiveness of nourishment is uncertain.