bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LifeWebs: A (global) database of bipartite ecological interaction networks
Authors: Butterill Philip , Jorge Leonardo , Xing Shuang , Fayle Tom 
Published: September 2021

The structure and dynamics of ecological interactions are nowadays recognized as a crucial challenge to comprehend the assembly, functioning and maintenance of ecological communities, their processes and the services they provide. Nevertheless, while standards and databases for information on species occurrences, traits and phylogenies have been established, interaction networks have lagged behind on the development of these standards. Here, we discuss the challenges and our experiences in developing a global database of bipartite interaction networks.
LifeWebs*1 is an effort to compile community-level interaction networks from both published and unpublished sources. We focus on bipartite networks that comprise one specific type of interaction between two groups of species (e.g., plants and herbivores, hosts and parasites, mammals and their microbiota), which are usually presented in a co-occurrence matrix format. However, with LifeWebs, we attempt to go beyond simple matrices by integrating relevant metadata from the studies, especially sampling effort, explicit species information (traits and taxonomy/phylogeny), and environmental/geographic information on the communities.
Specifically, we explore 1) the unique aspects of community-level interaction networks when compared to data on single inter-specific interactions, occurrence data, and other biodiversity data and how to integrate these different data types. 2) The trade-off between user friendliness in data input/output vs. machine-readable formats, especially important when data contributors need to provide large amounts of data usually compiled in a non-machine-readable format. 3) How to have a single framework that is general enough to include disparate interaction types while retaining all the meaningful information.
We envision LifeWebs to be in a good position to test a general standard for interaction network data, with a large variety of already compiled networks that encompass different types of interactions. We provide a framework for integration with other types of data, and formalization of the data necessary to represent networks into established biodiversity standards.
Machine Learning as a Service for DiSSCo’s Digital Specimen Architecture
Authors: Grieb Jonas , Weiland Claus , Hardisty Alex , Addink Wouter , Islam Sharif , Younis Sohaib , Schmidt Marco 
Published: September 2021

International mass digitization efforts through infrastructures like the European Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo), the US resource for Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (iDigBio), the National Specimen Information Infrastructure (NSII) of China, and Australia’s digitization of National Research Collections (NRCA Digital) make geo- and biodiversity specimen data freely, fully and directly accessible.
Complementary, overarching infrastructure initiatives like the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) were established to enable mutual integration, interoperability and reusability of multidisciplinary data streams including biodiversity, Earth system and life sciences (De Smedt et al. 2020).
Natural Science Collections (NSC) are of particular importance for such multidisciplinary and internationally linked infrastructures, since they provide hard scientific evidence by allowing direct traceability of derived data (e.g., images, sequences, measurements) to physical specimens and material samples in NSC.
To open up the large amounts of trait and habitat data and to link these data to digital resources like sequence databases (e.g., ENA), taxonomic infrastructures (e.g., GBIF) or environmental repositories (e.g., PANGAEA), proper annotation of specimen data with rich (meta)data early in the digitization process is required, next to bridging technologies to facilitate the reuse of these data.
This was addressed in recent studies (Younis et al. 2018, Younis et al. 2020), where we employed computational image processing and artificial intelligence technologies (Deep Learning) for the classification and extraction of features like organs and morphological traits from digitized collection data (with a focus on herbarium sheets).
However, such applications of artificial intelligence are rarely—this applies both for (sub-symbolic) machine learning and (symbolic) ontology-based annotations—integrated in the workflows of NSC’s management systems, which are the essential repositories for the aforementioned integration of data streams.
This was the motivation for the development of a Deep Learning-based trait extraction and coherent Digital Specimen (DS) annotation service providing “Machine learning as a Service” (MLaaS) with a special focus on interoperability with the core services of DiSSCo, notably the DS Repository (nsidr.org) and the Specimen Data Refinery (Walton et al. 2020), as well as reusability within the data fabric of EOSC.
Taking up the use case to detect and classify regions of interest (ROI) on herbarium scans, we demonstrate a MLaaS prototype for DiSSCo involving the digital object framework, Cordra, for the management of DS as well as instant annotation of digital objects with extracted trait features (and ROIs) based on the DS specification openDS (Islam et al. 2020).
Source code available at: https://github.com/jgrieb/plant-detection-service
ecocomDP: A data design pattern and R package to facilitate FAIR biodiversity data for ecological synthesis
Authors: Sokol Eric 
Published: September 2021

Two programs that provide high-quality long-term ecological data, the Environmental Data Initiative (EDI) and the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), have recently teamed up with data users interested in synthesizing biodiversity data, such as ecological synthesis working groups supported by the US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Office, to make their data more Findable, Interoperable, Accessible, and Reusable (FAIR). To this end:

we have developed a flexible intermediate data design pattern for ecological community data (L1 formatted data in Fig. 1, see Fig. 2 for design details) called "ecocomDP" (O'Brien et al. 2021), and

we provide tools to work with data packages in which this design pattern has been implemented.

we have developed a flexible intermediate data design pattern for ecological community data (L1 formatted data in Fig. 1, see Fig. 2 for design details) called "ecocomDP" (O'Brien et al. 2021), and
we provide tools to work with data packages in which this design pattern has been implemented.
The ecocomDP format provides a data pattern commonly used for reporting community level data, such as repeated observations of species-level measures of biomass, abundance, percent cover, or density across multiple locations. The ecocomDP library for R includes tools to search for data packages, download or import data packages into an R (programming language) session in a standard format, and visualization tools for data exploration steps that are recommended for data users prior to any cross-study synthesis work. To date, EDI has created 70 ecocomDP data packages derived from their holdings, which include data from the US Long Term Ecological Research (US LTER) program, Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program, and other projects, which are now discoverable and accessible using the ecocomDP library. Similarly, NEON data products for 12 taxonomic groups are discoverable using the ecocomDP search tool. Input from data users provided guidance for the ecocomDP developers in mapping the NEON data products to the ecocomDP format to facilitate interoperability with the ecocomDP data packages available from the EDI repository. The standardized data design pattern allows common data visualizations across data packages, and has the potential to facilitate the development of new tools and workflows for biodiversity synthesis. The broader impacts of this collaboration are intended to lower the barriers for researchers in ecology and the environmental sciences to access and work with long-term biodiversity data and provide a hub around which data providers and data users can develop best practices that will build a diverse and inclusive community of practice.
Synospecies, an application to reflect changes in taxonomic names based on a triple store based on taxonomic data liberated from publication
Authors: Gmür Reto , Agosti Donat 
Published: September 2021

Taxonomic treatments, sections of publications documenting the features or distribution of a related group of organisms (called a “taxon”, plural “taxa”) in ways adhering to highly formalized conventions, and published in scientific journals, shape our understanding of global biodiversity (Catapano 2019).
Treatments are the building blocks of the evolving scientific consensus on taxonomic entities. The semantics of these treatments and their relationships are highly structured: taxa are introduced, merged, made obsolete, split, renamed, associated with specimens and so on. Plazi makes this content available in machine-readable form using Resource Description Framework (RDF) . RDF is the standard model for Linked Data and the Semantic Web. RDF can be exchanged in different formats (aka concrete syntaxes) such as RDF/XML or Turtle. The data model describes graph structures and relies on Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) , ontologies such as Darwin Core basic vocabulary are used to assign meaning to the identifiers. For Synospecies, we unite all treatments into one large knowledge graph, modelling taxonomic knowledge and its evolution with complete references to quotable treatments. However, this knowledge graph expresses much more than any individual treatment could convey because every referenced entity is linked to every other relevant treatment. On synospecies.plazi.org, we provide a user-friendly interface to find the names and treatments related to a taxon. An advanced mode allows execution of queries using the SPARQL query language.
Ensuring radiation safety during temporary storage of solidified radioactive waste in light hangar-type facilities
Authors: Rosnovsky Sergey V. , Povarov Vladimir P. 
Published: September 2021

Expensive permanent storage facilities with massive engineered structures are used traditionally to ensure safe temporary storage of solidified radioactive waste at the NPP sites. Such approach is dictated by the need to comply with the regulatory requirements for limiting the gamma background in the area adjacent to the storage facility.
The costs involved in temporary storage of solidified RW can be optimized by using light hangar-type storage facilities. At the same time, the safety of storage, including radiation protection of the personnel, the public and the environment, is undoubtedly ensured through the use of special organizational and engineering solutions.
The Novovoronezh NPP, a branch of JSC Concern Rosenergoatom, operates successfully light hangar-type facilities for temporary storage of solidified RW classified as medium-level waste in accordance with OSPORB-99/2009. In the process of operation, a methodology and a method for conditioning and temporary storage of solidified RW were developed to ensure the RW removal for final disposal with no extra process operations and unreasonable costs.
A methodology has been developed to assess the radiation situation around storage facilities during temporary storage of RW, as well as a software package for predicting the radiation situation when deciding on the arrangement of the storage facility’s peripheral rows.
Estudio de la mezcla de promoción en las pymes poblanas
Authors: Díaz Biffano José Luis , Armas Torres Vidal , Morales Carpinteyro José Cruz , Ortigoza Hernadez Anita 
Published: September 2021

El presente proyecto muestra los resultados de la investigación sobre la utilización de herramientas de promoción en la mezcla de mercadotecnia en las PYMES, se identificó y determinó las tendencias y utilización de los instrumentos más frecuentes utilizados en la mezcla de promoción, se identificó que la comunicación permanente y circular con los clientes resulta reto para las PYMES que deseen mantenerse en el mercado, de las empresas encuestadas más de la mitad no utiliza la publicidad, el resto solo una tercera parte utiliza la publicidad por medio de internet y las redes sociales lo que marca una tendencia en el uso de la publicidad.
Abstract
The present project shows the results of the research regarding the use of promotion tools used in the martketing mix by SME. It was identified and determined the trends and use of the most frequent instruments used in the promotion mix. it was identified that the circular and permanent communication with the customer is being a challenge for the SME that want to get a position in the market. Half of the suerveyed enterprises mentioned that they do not use advertising, and the rest of the enterprises mentioned that only one third of them use intenet based advertising as well as social media which re,arks a trend on advertising.
Benliğin Tasavvuf ile Dönüşümü: Ayşe Şasa
Authors: SOYSAL Emine Gülsüm 
Published: September 2021

Yeşilçam’ın öne çıkan senaryolarını kaleme almanın yanı sıra tasavvufa olan ilgisi ile de bilinen Ayşe Şasa, ‘‘hakikat’’ konusuna özel bir ilgi gösterir. Çocukluk ve gençlik yıllarında geçirmiş olduğu travmalar, onun hakikati aramasında büyük bir erek niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle Şasa, hakikati düşünmüş, düşlemiş ve iç âlemine doğru bir keşfe çıkmıştır. Yaşamış olduğu psikolojik rahatsızlıklar içerisinde kendi geçmişini sorgulamaya ve sınamaya başlamıştır. Şasa, bu sıkıntılı dönemi seyr u süluk yoluna girerek nihayete bağlamıştır. Bu yolculuk hali Şasa’nın ruh sağlığı ve kişilik gelişimi için oldukça önemli bir aşamadır. Bu durum, manevi şahsiyet gelişiminin ruhi ve içtimai bakımdan ele alınmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu gerekçe ile makalemizde Şasa’nın manevi şahsiyet gelişimini ve dönüşümünü tasavvuf etrafında analiz edeceğiz.
Ayşe Şasa, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan kaçan dadılar ile büyümenin kişiliğinde oluşturduğu yabancılaşma olgusuyla sıkıntılar çekmiştir. Zamanla bu sıkıntılar içerisinde Şasa’yı manevi yücelmeye götüren şey İbn-i Arabî’nin Füsûsu’l- Hikem adlı eseri olmuştur. Bu eser ile tanıştıktan sonra tasavvufa ilgi duymaya başlayan Şasa, hayatının geri kalanını manevi kişilik yapısına göre devam ettirmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Ayşe Şasa’nın çocukluk ve gençlik döneminde yaşadıklarından hareketle onun ‘‘hakikat arayışı’’ üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmamızda Şasa’nın ruhsal sıkıntılarından ve buhranlarından arınarak kendini gerçekleştirme dönemine ‘‘Delilik Ülkesinden Notlar’’ ve ‘‘Bir Ruh Macerası’’ adlı eserleri ışığında değinilecektir.
JOHANNES FRANCK
Authors: Grave Jaap 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Johannes Franck

A career in the margins

Johannes Franck (1854-1914) was the first professor extraordinarius(1886) and in 1912 a professor of Dutch and Low German in the German empire. In this article I describe his career largely until 1886 by embedding him within the scientific community of his time. Subsequently, I show how anti-Semitism prevented him from becoming a professor of German studies and discuss the policy of appointments in Prussia. To conclude, I argue that these aspects and the difference in scientific cultures between the Netherlands and the German Empire was partly responsible for the fact that he had a marginal position in between two scientific communities.
ER ZIJN VOOR DIT VAK IN NEDERLAND GEEN MAATSCHAPPELIJKE VOORUITZICHTEN
Authors: van Langen Petra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

There are no societal prospects for this study in the Netherlands’. Musicology in Utrecht, 1930-1940

Musicology became a fully-fledged academic study in the Netherlands in 1930 when both the Chair in Musicology and the Institute for Music History were founded at Utrecht University. Using sources such as archives, newspapers, personal memories of old studies in letters, and a talk on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the institute, this article describes the history of musicology Utrecht, its curriculum and what the first professor in musicology Albert Smijers expected of his students in the first decade of the institute’s existence.
Empathie of sensatiezucht?
Authors: Brand Rao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Empathy or sensationalism?

The shipping disaster of the ‘Berlin’ in 1907 and its aftermath

In the early morning of February 21, 1907, during a fierce storm, the ferry ‘Berlin’ crashed on the pier of Hook van Holland. With 128 victims, it still is the largest maritime disaster off the Dutch coast in peacetime. Due to the enormous interest of the population, the media and the Dutch royal house, it became a major media disaster in Dutch history. How did that happen? The disaster occurred at a time when a new era was dawning by the dissemination of many new forms of media, such as film, photography and illustrated magazines. In addition, there was the special attention paid by Prince Hendrik, Queen Wilhelmina’s husband. His arrival in Hook van Holland was unprecedented, because he not only came to watch the rescue attempts, but also actively contributed to it. That made the disaster one with two faces; on the one hand, that of the lower class with the population of Hook of Holland and the brave saviors and, on the other hand, one of the upper class because of the attention paid to Prince Hendrik. All this ensured that the disaster was experienced intensely, more intensely than before.
De koloniale ruimte herbezien
Authors: Schrikker Alicia , Tetteroo Sander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The Colonial Space Revisited

The Cultural and Political Experience of Indonesian Natural Disasters in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century

This contribution analyses the colonial space that encompassed The Netherlands and Indonesia through the lens of historical disasters. In the past as much as in the present, Indonesia’s geophysical circumstances made the region vulnerable to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunami’s. During the nineteenth and early twentieth century such disasters confronted its victims, the other inhabitants of the archipelago and Dutch authorities with considerable challenges. Organizing relief and reconstructing the affected places and societies, prompted societal and governmental responses in colonial Indonesia as well as in The Netherlands.
This article centres around two case studies: the eruption of Mount Awu on Sangihe Besar in 1856, and the earthquake that struck West Sumatra in 1926. We show that cultural and political interpretations of these disasters varied consid-erably between Dutch and Indonesian actors. By building on new insights from the fields of New Imperial History and Disaster Studies, we understand these divergences as the results of the differences in interests, worldviews and political realities faced by those who engaged with disasters in the Netherlands East Indies. On the one hand, Dutch actors tended to frame disasters as joint experiences that bound together motherland and its colony through charity and aid in a single humanitarian space. Yet their decidedly colonial lens led the Dutch to view disasters mainly through their own interests in the archipelago, thereby obscuring the multi-layered nature of local disaster responses. We therefore foreground local disaster responses to expose the limits of colonial disaster interpretations and thereby emphasise the fragmented nature of the colonial space.
‘Behoed ons arme volk voor de vulkaan-poëten’
Authors: Bosnak Judith , Honings Rick 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

‘Save our poor people from the vulcano poets’. The literary reception of the Krakatoa disaster of 1883 in the Netherlands and Indonesi

On August 27, 1883, the volcano Krakatau in the Dutch East Indies erupted and collapsed, causing the deaths of tens of thousands, mainly as a result of devastating tsunamis. The Krakatau eruption was one of the first disasters to take place beyond the Dutch boundaries that received so much attention in the Netherlands. Because the Indies were a Dutch colony, a response of the motherland was rather logical. In many places, charity activities were organized to raise money for the victims. This article focuses on the Dutch and Indonesian literary reactions on the Krakatau disaster. For this purpose, two scholars work together: one specialized in Dutch Literary Studies and the other one in Indonesian Languages and Cultures. In the first part of the article several Dutch charity publications are analysed; the second part focuses on Indonesian sources (in Javanese and Malay). How and to what extend did the reactions in the Netherlands and Indonesia differ?
Systematic observation of physical distancing behaviors of trail users during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bias Thomas , Daily Shay , Abildso Christiaan , Venrick Heather , Shay Elizabeth , Moyers Samantha , Hege Adam , Haas Vaike , Dyer Angela , Broce Robert , Christiana Richard 
Published: September 2021

During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, opportunities for indoor and sometimes outdoor recreation were restricted across the world. Despite restrictions, many greenways and rail-trails saw increased use. Messaging from the federal and state public health authorities stressed the importance of social distancing and other preventive measures in reducing spread of the coronavirus. Little is known about actual behaviors of individuals and groups using these outdoor recreational opportunities. This study used passive infrared cameras to systematically observe physical distancing behaviors on multi-user trails to assess safety implications of trail use during June 2020. Most interactions occurred with the recommended six feet of distance between users. Maintaining six feet of distance is more likely to occur when groups are no larger than one person, users pass while traveling in opposite directions, and trails are wider. Messaging on multi-user trails should target how groups pass other groups such as: ‘keep six feet’ and ‘pass single file’.
МОЖЖЕВЕЛОВОЕ МАСЛО, ПОЛУЧЕННОЕ НА ОСНОВЕ НАРОДНОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ И ЕГО СВОЙСТВА
Authors: Аметжанова Нуржамал , Абдымомунова Буниса 
Published: September 2021

Исследования в области натурофармпрепаратов, проблема получения и вывода на рынок новых лекарственных средств из лекарственных растений, принятых официальной медициной и используемых в народной медицине, остается актуальной. Кыргызстан - родина полезного сырья, сегодня актуально изучение его уникальной флоры и использование определенных видов продуктов в быту. Например, одним из таких растений является Juniperus L. (можжевельник). Эфирное масло можжевельника (ЭМ) - ценное биологически активное сырье. Целью исследования было изучение урожайности, химического состава и биологических свойств можжевелового масла, полученного традиционным способом.
Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Dysphagia Associated With Neurologic Conditions
Authors: Subramonian Anusree 
Published: September 2021

Horizon Scan reports provide brief summaries of information regarding new and emerging health technologies.
These technologies are identified through the CADTH Horizon Scanning Service as topics of potential interest to health care decision-makers in Canada.
This Horizon Scan summarizes the available information regarding an emerging technology, Phagenyx, a pharyngeal electrical stimulation device for the treatment of difficulty swallowing associated with neurologic conditions.