bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-control and cooperation in childhood as antecedents of less moral disengagement in adolescence
Authors: Gülseven Zehra , Yu Mark Vincent B. , Zarrett Nicole , Vandell Deborah Lowe , Simpkins Sandra D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMoral disengagement is a social cognition people use to engage in wrongdoings even when they know it is wrong. However, little is known about the antecedents that predict moral disengagement. The current study focuses on the development of self-control and cooperation during middle childhood as two antecedents of moral disengagement among 1,103 children (50% female; 77% White, 12% Black, 6% Hispanic, and 5% other). Children's self-control at age 8 and growth in self-control from age 8 to 11 were positively linked to adolescents seeing themselves as having self-control at age 15, which then predicted less moral disengagement at age 18. Children's cooperation at age 8 also was positively linked to adolescents’ self-views of cooperation at age 15, which in turn, was associated with less moral disengagement at age 18. These findings demonstrate the potential of self-control and cooperation as intrapersonal and interpersonal strengths during middle childhood for mitigating moral disengagement 10 years later.
A new bath complex in Late Roman Dyrrachium (Albania)
Authors: Shkodra-Rrugia Brikena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis note considers a Late Roman bath building recently discovered in Durrës, Albania (ancient Dyrrachium), near the presumed Roman city center. This discovery is particularly interesting given our limited knowledge of the urban layout and of bathhouses during this important phase of the city. Despite the limited scope of the excavations, the layout of the complex, as well as certain architectural characteristics, suggests the use of design principles based on Imperial baths. The exclusive use of bricks is significant for this area in Late Antiquity. The imposing monumentality of the structures is comparable to baths in cities with Imperial authority. In the absence of stratified layers linked to this structure, moldmade marks on the bricks and decorative features from the marble facing provide a chronological window between the last quarter of the 4th c. and around the middle of the 5th c. CE for its construction.
Feeding outcomes in post-discharge feeding clinic for infants following cardiac surgery
Authors: Jones Courtney , Winder Melissa , Ou Zhining , Miller Thomas A. , Malik Lauren , Flannery Moira , Glotzbach Kristi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this study was to describe the development and assess the usefulness of a feeding clinic to help infants with CHD tolerate the highest level of oral feeding while achieving growth velocity and supporting neurodevelopment.Materials and methods:This retrospective, cohort study assessed feeding outcomes for infants who underwent cardiac surgery at <30 days of age with cardiopulmonary bypass between February 2016 and April 2020. Diagnoses, age at surgery, hospitalisation variables, and feeding outcomes were compared between two cohorts, pre- and post-implementation of a specialised feeding clinic using Exact Wilcoxon signed-rank test, chi-squared, or Fisher’s exact test. The association between time to full oral feed and risk factors was assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox regression model.Results:Post-clinic infants (n = 116) surgery was performed at a median of 6 days of life (interquartile range: 4, 8) with median hospital length of stay of 19 days (interquartile range: 16, 26). Infants’ median age at first clinic visit was at 30 days old (interquartile range: 24, 40) and took median 10 days (interquartile range: 7, 12) after hospital discharge to first clinic visit. In the post-clinic cohort, the median time to 100% oral feeding was 47 days (interquartile range: 27, 96) compared to the 60 days (interquartile range: 20, 84) in the pre-clinic cohort (n = 22), but the difference was not statistically significant.Discussion:The cardiac feeding clinic was utilised by our neonatal surgery population and feasible in coordination with cardiology follow-up visits. Future assessment of cardiac feeding clinic impact should include additional measures of feeding and neurodevelopmental success.
Total anomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery: a systematic review
Authors: Guenther Timothy M. , Chen Sarah A. , Gustafson Joshua D. , Ing Frank F. , Brothers Julie A. , Raff Gary W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground:Although rare, coronary artery anomalies can have significant clinical implications. Total anomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery (TCAPA) represents a rare subtype of coronary artery anomaly for which little is known. The aim of this review was to characterise the presentation, utilised diagnostic modalities, associated cardiac lesions, and treatment strategies in patients with TCAPA.Methods:A systematic review was performed for cases of TCAPA using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Keywords searched included “total anomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery,” “single ostium anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery,” and “anomalous origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery.”Results:Fifty-seven cases of TCAPA were identified in 50 manuscripts. Fifty-eight per cent of patients were male and the median age at presentation was 10 days (mean 1.71 ± 6.6 years, range 0 days–39 years). Most patients were symptomatic at the time of presentation; cyanosis (n = 22) and respiratory distress (n = 14) were the most common symptoms. Cases were most commonly diagnosed at autopsy (n = 26, 45.6%), but operative intervention was pursued in 22 cases (45.6%); aortic re-implantation (n = 14) and a Takeuchi-type repair (n = 7) were the most common routes of repair.Conclusions:The clinical presentation of patients with TCAPA was found to be variable, likely related to the presence of associated cardiac lesions. TCAPA should be considered in patients with suspected anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery for the serious consequences that can occur if not promptly corrected.
Comparative Effects of Physical Exercise and Other Behavioral Interventions on Functional Status Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Shandera-Ochsner Anne L. , Chandler Melanie J. , Locke Dona E. , Ball Colleen T. , Crook Julia E. , Phatak Vaishali S. , Smith Glenn E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectives:Lifestyle modifications for those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may promote functional stability, lesson disease severity, and improve well-being outcomes such as quality of life. The current analysis of our larger comparative effectiveness study evaluated which specific combinations of lifestyle modifications offered as part of the Mayo Clinic Healthy Action to Benefit Independence in Thinking (HABIT) program contributed to the least functional decline in people with MCI (pwMCI) over 18 months.Methods:We undertook to compare evidence-based interventions with one another rather than to a no-treatment control group. The interventions were five behavioral treatments: computerized cognitive training (CCT), yoga, Memory Support System (MSS) training, peer support group (SG), and wellness education (WE), each delivered to both pwMCI and care partners, in a group-based program. To compare interventions, we randomly withheld one of the five HABIT® interventions in each of the group sessions. We conducted 24 group sessions with between 8 and 20 pwMCI–partner dyads in a session.Results:Withholding yoga led to the greatest declines in functional ability as measured by the Functional Activities Questionnaire and Clinical Dementia Rating. In addition, memory compensation (calendar) training and cognitive exercise appeared to have associations (moderate effect sizes) with better functional outcomes. Withholding SG or WE appeared to have little effect on functioning at 18 months.Conclusions:Overall, these results add to the growing literature that physical exercise can play a significant and lasting role in modifying outcomes in a host of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.
THE BOREL CHARACTER
Authors: Déglise Frédéric , Fasel Jean 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to define aquadraticanalogue of the Chern character, the so-called Borel character, that identifies rational higher Grothendieck-Witt groups with a sum of rational Milnor-Witt (MW)-motivic cohomologies and rational motivic cohomologies. We also discuss the notion of ternary laws due to Walter, a quadratic analogue of formal group laws, and compute what we call the additive ternary laws, associated with MW-motivic cohomology. Finally, we provide an application of the Borel character by showing that the Milnor-WittK-theory of a fieldFembeds into suitable higher Grothendieck-Witt groups ofFmodulo explicit torsion.
Examining the Vanishing Twin Hypothesis of Neural Tube Defects: Application of an Epigenetic Predictor for Monozygotic Twinning
Authors: van Dongen Jenny , Gordon Scott D. , Odintsova Veronika V. , McRae Allan F. , Robinson Wendy P. , Hall Judith G. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStrong associations between neural tube defects (NTDs) and monozygotic (MZ) twinning have long been noted, and it has been suggested that NTD cases who do not present as MZ twins may be the survivors of MZ twinning events. We have recently shown that MZ twins carry a strong, distinctive DNA methylation signature and have developed an algorithm based on genomewide DNA methylation array data that distinguishes MZ twins from dizygotic twins and other relatives at well above chance level. We have applied this algorithm to published methylation data from five fetal tissues (placental chorionic villi, kidney, spinal cord, brain and muscle) collected from spina bifida cases (n = 22), anencephalic cases (n = 15) and controls (n = 19). We see no difference in signature between cases and controls, providing no support for a common etiological role of MZ twinning in NTDs. The strong associations therefore continue to await elucidation.
Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry
Authors: Ye Can , Xue Chaoyang , Zhang Chenglong , Ma Zhuobiao , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Chengtang , Zhao Xiaoxi , Zhang Wenjin , He Xiaowei , Song Yifei , Liu Junfeng , Wang Weihao , Sui Benhui , Cui Ran , Yang Xue , Mei Rubo , Chen Jianmin , Mu Yujing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a terminal sink for atmospheric HOx radicals (OH and HO2), playing a key role in tropospheric O3 formation. However, there are few field measurements of atmospheric H2O2 to assess its role in O3 formation, especially for the seriously polluted region of the North China Plain. In this study, H2O2 concentrations were measured at the foot of Mt. Tai from May to July 2018 and the summit of Mt. Tai from May to June 2019, with average values of 0.93 ± 1.01 and 2.05 ± 1.20 ppb, respectively. H2O2 exhibited a pronounced diurnal variation with a noon‐peak at the foot of Mt. Tai, which could be well reproduced by a gas‐phase box model with H2O2 dry deposition velocity of 3 cm s−1 included, indicating H2O2 was mainly photochemically produced. Modeling analysis showed H2O2 production at the foot was most sensitive to alkenes and aromatics, while the source and sink for H2O2 were dominated by HO2 recombination and dry deposition, respectively. Compared with the summer‐measurement in 2007, the remarkable elevation of H2O2 at the summit might be ascribed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) increase and SO2 decline. Both H2O2‐O3 correlation and H2O2/NOz ratio suggested O3 formation at the foot of Mt. Tai was mainly VOC‐sensitive in the early morning and shifted to NOx‐sensitive thereafter. Therefore, reduction of VOCs emission especially for the reactive species of alkenes and aromatics in the morning as well as NOx emission around noontime will be effective for mitigating the serious O3 (as well as H2O2) pollution in Tai'an city.
An Improved Universal Fusion Algorithm for Constructing 3D Multiscale Porous Media
Authors: Song Shuaibing , Li Ming , Tu Qingyi , Yuan Anying , Jiao Zhenhua , Li Pan , Qian Wenxin , Liu Hewu , Xu Nan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious types of porous media materials inherently contain pore structures of different scales, ranging from nanoscale to millimeter scale. Due to the limitations of the existing imaging technology, it is challenging and intractable for any single method to obtain and characterize the multiscale pore structure features of porous media accurately and comprehensively. To address the issue, according to the inherent logical correspondence and mutual conversion relationship between different‐scale image pixels, we propose an improved universal fusion algorithm for constructing three‐dimensional (3D) multiscale porous media. We successfully applied this algorithm to the construction of multiscale pore structure model of carbonate rock, sandstone and coal, and subsequently made quantitative extractions and characterizations of their pore structure characteristics. In addition, the finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate their absolute permeability. The results show that the improved fusion algorithm can effectively solve the problem of pore bias of the existing algorithm, which reduces the porosity of the multiscale model to a certain extent, while maintaining good pore interconnectivity. Besides, the multiscale model obtained by the improved fusion algorithm has a wider pore size distribution interval than that of the existing algorithm, and the absolute permeability of the former, computed using the FEM, is closer to the laboratory‐measured value than that of the latter.
Electron spin resonance resolves intermediate triplet states in delayed fluorescence
Authors: Drummond Bluebell H. , Aizawa Naoya , Zhang Yadong , Myers William K. , Xiong Yao , Cooper Matthew W. , Barlow Stephen , Gu Qinying , Weiss Leah R. , Gillett Alexander J. , Credgington Dan , Pu Yong-Jin , Marder Seth R. , Evans Emrys W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMolecular organic fluorophores are currently used in organic light-emitting diodes, though non-emissive triplet excitons generated in devices incorporating conventional fluorophores limit the efficiency. This limit can be overcome in materials that have intramolecular charge-transfer excitonic states and associated small singlet-triplet energy separations; triplets can then be converted to emissive singlet excitons resulting in efficient delayed fluorescence. However, the mechanistic details of the spin interconversion have not yet been fully resolved. We report transient electron spin resonance studies that allow direct probing of the spin conversion in a series of delayed fluorescence fluorophores with varying energy gaps between local excitation and charge-transfer triplet states. The observation of distinct triplet signals, unusual in transient electron spin resonance, suggests that multiple triplet states mediate the photophysics for efficient light emission in delayed fluorescence emitters. We reveal that as the energy separation between local excitation and charge-transfer triplet states decreases, spin interconversion changes from a direct, singlet-triplet mechanism to an indirect mechanism involving intermediate states.
Sustainable production of benzene from lignin
Authors: Meng Qinglei , Yan Jiang , Wu Ruizhi , Liu Huizhen , Sun Yang , Wu NingNing , Xiang Junfeng , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Jing , Han Buxing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBenzene is a widely used commodity chemical, which is currently produced from fossil resources. Lignin, a waste from lignocellulosic biomass industry, is the most abundant renewable source of benzene ring in nature. Efficient production of benzene from lignin, which requires total transformation of Csp2-Csp3/Csp2-O into C-H bonds without side hydrogenation, is of great importance, but has not been realized. Here, we report that high-silica HY zeolite supported RuW alloy catalyst enables in situ refining of lignin, exclusively to benzene via coupling Bronsted acid catalyzed transformation of the Csp2-Csp3 bonds on the local structure of lignin molecule and RuW catalyzed hydrogenolysis of the Csp2-O bonds using the locally abstracted hydrogen from lignin molecule, affording a benzene yield of 18.8% on lignin weight basis in water system. The reaction mechanism is elucidated in detail by combination of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. The high-performance protocol can be readily scaled up to produce 8.5 g of benzene product from 50.0 g lignin without any saturation byproducts. This work opens the way to produce benzene using lignin as the feedstock efficiently.
Soft, tough, and fast polyacrylate dielectric elastomer for non-magnetic motor
Authors: Yin Li-Juan , Zhao Yu , Zhu Jing , Yang Minhao , Zhao Huichan , Pei Jia-Yao , Zhong Shao-Long , Dang Zhi-Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) with large electrically-actuated strain can build light-weight and flexible non-magnetic motors. However, dielectric elastomers commonly used in the field of soft actuation suffer from high stiffness, low strength, and high driving field, severely limiting the DEA’s actuating performance. Here we design a new polyacrylate dielectric elastomer with optimized crosslinking network by rationally employing the difunctional macromolecular crosslinking agent. The proposed elastomer simultaneously possesses desirable modulus (~0.073 MPa), high toughness (elongation ~2400%), low mechanical loss (tan δm = 0.21@1 Hz, 20 °C), and satisfactory dielectric properties ($${\varepsilon }_{{{{{{\rm{r}}}}}}}$$

ε

r

= 5.75, tan δe = 0.0019 @1 kHz), and accordingly, large actuation strain (118% @ 70 MV m−1), high energy density (0.24 MJ m−3 @ 70 MV m−1), and rapid response (bandwidth above 100 Hz). Compared with VHBTM 4910, the non-magnetic motor made of our elastomer presents 15 times higher rotation speed. These findings offer a strategy to fabricate high-performance dielectric elastomers for soft actuators.
Thickness-independent scalable high-performance Li-S batteries with high areal sulfur loading via electron-enriched carbon framework
Authors: Wang Nana , Zhang Xiao , Ju Zhengyu , Yu Xingwen , Wang Yunxiao , Du Yi , Bai Zhongchao , Dou Shixue , Yu Guihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasing the energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries necessitates the maximization of their areal capacity, calling for thick electrodes with high sulfur loading and content. However, traditional thick electrodes often lead to sluggish ion transfer kinetics as well as decreased electronic conductivity and mechanical stability, leading to their thickness-dependent electrochemical performance. Here, free-standing and low-tortuosity N, O co-doped wood-like carbon frameworks decorated with carbon nanotubes forest (WLC-CNTs) are synthesized and used as host for enabling scalable high-performance Li-sulfur batteries. EIS-symmetric cell examinations demonstrate that the ionic resistance and charge-transfer resistance per unit electro-active surface area of S@WLC-CNTs do not change with the variation of thickness, allowing the thickness-independent electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. With a thickness of up to 1200 µm and sulfur loading of 52.4 mg cm−2, the electrode displays a capacity of 692 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C with a low E/S ratio of 6. Moreover, the WLC-CNTs framework can also be used as a host for lithium to suppress dendrite growth. With these specific lithiophilic and sulfiphilic features, Li-S full cells were assembled and exhibited long cycling stability.
Dopamine-loaded nanoparticle systems circumvent the blood–brain barrier restoring motor function in mouse model for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Monge-Fuentes Victoria , Biolchi Mayer Andréia , Lima Marcos Robalinho , Geraldes Luiza Ribeiro , Zanotto Larissa Nepomuceno , Moreira Karla Graziella , Martins Olimpia Paschoal , Piva Henrique Luís , Felipe Maria Sueli Soares , Amaral Andre Correa , Bocca Anamélia Lorenzetti , Tedesco Antonio Claudio , Mortari Márcia Renata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Early treatment for PD is efficient; however, long-term systemic medication commonly leads to deleterious side-effects. Strategies that enable more selective drug delivery to the brain using smaller dosages, while crossing the complex brain-blood barrier (BBB), are highly desirable to ensure treatment efficacy and decrease/avoid unwanted outcomes. Our goal was to design and test the neurotherapeutic potential of a forefront nanoparticle-based technology composed of albumin/PLGA nanosystems loaded with dopamine (ALNP-DA) in 6-OHDA PD mice model. ALNP-DA effectively crossed the BBB, replenishing dopamine at the nigrostriatal pathway, resulting in significant motor symptom improvement when compared to Lesioned and L-DOPA groups. Notably, ALNP-DA (20 mg/animal dose) additionally up-regulated and restored motor coordination, balance, and sensorimotor performance to non-lesioned (Sham) animal level. Overall, ALNPs represent an innovative, non-invasive nano-therapeutical strategy for PD, considering its efficacy to circumvent the BBB and ultimately deliver the drug of interest to the brain.
Low creatinine levels in diabetes mellitus among older individuals: the Yuport Medical Checkup Center Study
Authors: Kashima Saori , Inoue Kazuo , Matsumoto Masatoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractORIC ID: 0000-0002-3401-8191. It is unknown whether the interrelationship between diabetes and muscle loss is affected by ageing. Therefore, the serum creatinine levels, an indicator of muscle mass, were compared between older people with diabetes and those without diabetes, using a cross-sectional dataset from the Yuport Medical Checkup Center Study. We classified 6133 participants without kidney dysfunction into three age-groups: early-elderly (65–69 years), middle-elderly (70–74 years), and late-elderly (≥ 75 years). The association between diabetes and the lowest creatinine level, defined as less than or equal to the 25 percentile of serum creatinine, was evaluated in each age group, by calculating the odds ratio (OR) using logistic regression. Serum creatinine levels increased with ageing in the participants, and these trends were markedly observed in the non-diabetic group. Late-elderly people with diabetes were significantly more likely to have low creatinine levels than those without diabetes, with adjusted ORs 2.50 (95% CI 1.99–4.50) in men and 2.88 (95% CI 1.47–5.64) in women. Ageing modified the effect of their diabetes status towards a lower creatinine level (p for interactions between the diabetic status and age-groups were 0.01 in men and 0.05 in women, respectively). Ageing may thus accelerate the loss of muscle mass in people with diabetes.