bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient data validation for geographical interlocking systems
Authors: Peleska Jan , Krafczyk Niklas , Haxthausen Anne E. , Pinger Ralf 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an efficient approach to data validation of
distributed geographical interlocking systems (IXLs) is presented.
In the distributed IXL paradigm, track elements are controlled by
local computers communicating with other control components over
local and wide area networks. The overall control logic is
distributed over these track-side computers and remote server
computers that may even reside in one or more cloud server farms.
Redundancy is introduced to ensure fail-safe behaviour,
fault-tolerance, and to increase the availability of the overall
system. To cope with the configuration-related complexity of such
distributed IXLs, the software is designed according to the digital
twin paradigm: physical track elements are associated with software
objects implementing supervision and control for the element. The
objects communicate with each other and with high-level IXL control
components in the cloud over logical channels realised by
distributed communication mechanisms. The objective of this article
is to explain how configuration rules for this type of IXLs can be
specified by temporal logic formulae interpreted on Kripke Structure
representations of the IXL configuration. Violations of
configuration rules can be specified using formulae from a
well-defined subset of LTL. By decomposing the complete
configuration model into sub-models corresponding to routes
through the model, the LTL model checking problem can be transformed
into a CTL checking problem for which highly efficient algorithms
exist. Specialised rule violation queries that are hard to express
in LTL can be simplified and checked faster by performing sub-model
transformations adding auxiliary variables to the states of the
underlying Kripke Structures. Further performance enhancements are
achieved by checking each sub-model concurrently. The approach
presented here has been implemented in a model checking tool which
is applied by Siemens Mobility for data validation of geographical
IXLs.
Study of the geometry of open channels in a layer-bed-type microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor
Authors: Nagy Cynthia , Huszank Robert , Gaspar Attila 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper aims at studying open channel geometries in a layer-bed-type immobilized enzyme reactor with computer-aided simulations. The main properties of these reactors are their simple channel pattern, simple immobilization procedure, regenerability, and disposability; all these features make these devices one of the simplest yet efficient enzymatic microreactors. The high surface-to-volume ratio of the reactor was achieved using narrow (25–75 μm wide) channels. The simulation demonstrated that curves support the mixing of solutions in the channel even in strong laminar flow conditions; thus, it is worth including several curves in the channel system. In the three different designs of microreactor proposed, the lengths of the channels were identical, but in two reactors, the liquid flow was split to 8 or 32 parallel streams at the inlet of the reactor. Despite their overall higher volumetric flow rate, the split-flow structures are advantageous due to the increased contact time. Saliva samples were used to test the efficiencies of the digestions in the microreactors.
Graphical abstract
AI-enhanced simultaneous multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI for accurate breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Romeo V. , Clauser P. , Rasul S. , Kapetas P. , Gibbs P. , Baltzer P. A. T. , Hacker M. , Woitek R. , Helbich T. H. , Pinker K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess whether a radiomics and machine learning (ML) model combining quantitative parameters and radiomics features extracted from simultaneous multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI can discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods
A population of 102 patients with 120 breast lesions (101 malignant and 19 benign) detected on ultrasound and/or mammography was prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI for diagnostic purposes. Quantitative parameters were extracted from DCE (MTT, VD, PF), DW (mean ADC of breast lesions and contralateral breast parenchyma), PET (SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVminimum of breast lesions, as well as SUVmean of the contralateral breast parenchyma), and T2-weighted images. Radiomics features were extracted from DCE, T2-weighted, ADC, and PET images. Different diagnostic models were developed using a fine Gaussian support vector machine algorithm which explored different combinations of quantitative parameters and radiomics features to obtain the highest accuracy in discriminating between benign and malignant breast lesions using fivefold cross-validation. The performance of the best radiomics and ML model was compared with that of expert reader review using McNemar’s test.

Results
Eight radiomics models were developed. The integrated model combining MTT and ADC with radiomics features extracted from PET and ADC images obtained the highest accuracy for breast cancer diagnosis (AUC 0.983), although its accuracy was not significantly higher than that of expert reader review (AUC 0.868) (p = 0.508).

Conclusion
A radiomics and ML model combining quantitative parameters and radiomics features extracted from simultaneous multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI images can accurately discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions.
Spatial and temporal diet variability of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) Penguin: a multi tissue stable isotope analysis
Authors: Jafari Vahideh , Maccapan Deborah , Careddu Giulio , Sporta Caputi Simona , Calizza Edoardo , Rossi Loreto , Costantini Maria Letizia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Ross Sea, Antarctica, supports large populations of Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) and Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), two key meso-predators that occupy high trophic levels. Despite these species are largely studied, little is known about their diet outside the breeding period. In the present study, we investigated the intra-annual diet of Adélie and Emperor Penguins belonging to five colonies in the Ross Sea through the stable isotope analysis of different tissues (feathers and shell membranes), synthetized in different seasons, and guano that indicates recent diet. Penguin samples and prey (krill and fish) were collected during the Antarctic spring–summer. δ13C and δ15N of tissues and guano indicate spatio-temporal variation in the penguin diet. The krill consumption by Adélie Penguins was lowest in winter except in the northernmost colony, where it was always very high. It peaked in spring and remained prevalent in summer. The greatest krill contribution to Emperor Penguin’s diet occurred in summer. The relative krill and fish consumption by both species changed in relation to the prey availability, which is influenced by seasonal sea ice dynamics, and according to the penguin life cycle phases. The results highlight a strong trophic plasticity in the Adélie Penguin, whose dietary variability has been already recognized, and in the Emperor Penguin, which had not previously reported. Our findings can help understand how these species might react to resource variation due to climate change or anthropogenic overexploitation. Furthermore, data provides useful basis for future comparisons in the Ross Sea MPA and for planning conservation actions.
Gender-specific differences in COPD symptoms and their impact for the diagnosis of cardiac comorbidities
Authors: Trudzinski Franziska C. , Kellerer Christina , Jörres Rudolf A. , Alter Peter , Lutter Johanna I. , Trinkmann Frederik , Herth Felix J. F. , Frankenberger Marion , Watz Henrik , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Welte Tobias , Behr Jürgen , Bals Robert , Kahnert Kathrin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), gender-specific differences in the prevalence of symptoms and comorbidity are known.

Research question
We studied whether the relationship between these characteristics depended on gender and carried diagnostic information regarding cardiac comorbidities.

Study design and methods
The analysis was based on 2046 patients (GOLD grades 1–4, 795 women; 38.8%) from the COSYCONET COPD cohort. Assessments comprised the determination of clinical history, comorbidities, lung function, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC). Using multivariate regression analyses, gender-specific differences in the relationship between symptoms, single CAT items, comorbidities and functional alterations were determined. To reveal the relationship to cardiac disease (myocardial infarction, or heart failure, or coronary artery disease) logistic regression analysis was performed separately in men and women.

Results
Most functional parameters and comorbidities, as well as CAT items 1 (cough), 2 (phlegm) and 5 (activities), differed significantly (p < 0.05) between men and women. Beyond this, the relationship between functional parameters and comorbidities versus symptoms showed gender-specific differences, especially for single CAT items. In men, item 8 (energy), mMRC, smoking status, BMI, age and spirometric lung function was related to cardiac disease, while in women primarily age was predictive.

Interpretation
Gender-specific differences in COPD not only comprised differences in symptoms, comorbidities and functional alterations, but also differences in their mutual relationships. This was reflected in different determinants linked to cardiac disease, thereby indicating that simple diagnostic information might be used differently in men and women.

Clinical trial registration
The cohort study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT01245933 and on GermanCTR.de with identifier DRKS00000284, date of registration November 23, 2010. Further information can be obtained on the website http://www.asconet.net.
Assessment and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children with CKD stages 2–5 on dialysis and after kidney transplantation—clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce
Authors: Stabouli Stella , Polderman Nonnie , Nelms Christina L. , Paglialonga Fabio , Oosterveld Michiel J. S. , Greenbaum Larry A. , Warady Bradley A. , Anderson Caroline , Haffner Dieter , Desloovere An , Qizalbash Leila , Renken-Terhaerdt José , Tuokkola Jetta , Walle Johan Vande , Shaw Vanessa , Mitsnefes Mark , Shroff Rukshana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObesity and metabolic syndrome (O&MS) due to the worldwide obesity epidemic affects children at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including dialysis and after kidney transplantation. The presence of O&MS in the pediatric CKD population may augment the already increased cardiovascular risk and contribute to the loss of kidney function. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) is an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists who develop clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for the nutritional management of children with kidney diseases. We present CPRs for the assessment and management of O&MS in children with CKD stages 2–5, on dialysis and after kidney transplantation. We address the risk factors and diagnostic criteria for O&MS and discuss their management focusing on non-pharmacological treatment management, including diet, physical activity, and behavior modification in the context of age and CKD stage. The statements have been graded using the American Academy of Pediatrics grading matrix. Statements with a low grade or those that are opinion-based must be carefully considered and adapted to individual patient needs based on the clinical judgment of the treating physician and dietitian. Research recommendations are provided. The CPRs will be periodically audited and updated by the PRNT.
Exploring the past of Mavrovouni forest in the Pindus Mountain range (Greece) using tree rings of Bosnian pines
Authors: Christopoulou Anastasia , Fyllas Nikolaos M. , Gmińska-Nowak Barbara , Özarslan Yasemin , Arianoutsou Margarita , Brandes Robert , Ważny Tomasz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKey messageLong Bosnian pine chronologies from different mountains are shaped by different climatic parameters and can help identify past drought events and reconstruct landscape histories.AbstractWe developed a 735-year-longPinus heldreichiichronology from the southern distribution limit of the species, expanding the available database of long Bosnian pine chronologies. Tree-ring growth was mainly positively correlated with growing degree days (GDD:r1950–2018 = 0.476) while higher temperatures during both winter and growing season also enhanced growth (TWT:r1950–2018 = 0.361 andTGS: 0.289, respectively). Annual precipitation, during both calendar and water years, had a negative but weaker impact on annual tree growth. The newly developed chronology correlates well with chronologies developed from the neighboring mountains. The years with ring width index (RWI) lower than the average were found to correspond to cool years with dry summers. Still, the newly developed chronology was able to capture severe drought events, such as those in 1660, 1687, and 1725. Several old living trees had internal scars presumably caused by fires. Therefore, old mature trees could be used for fire history reconstruction in addition to climate reconstruction. Although the presence of lightning scars indicates an important natural agent of fire ignition, human activities associated with animal grazing could also be an underlying reason for fires in the region.
Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kremsner Peter G. , Mann Philipp , Kroidl Arne , Leroux-Roels Isabel , Schindler Christoph , Gabor Julian J. , Schunk Mirjam , Leroux-Roels Geert , Bosch Jacobus J. , Fendel Rolf , Kreidenweiss Andrea , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P. , Fotin-Mleczek Mariola , Mueller Stefan O. , Quintini Gianluca , Schönborn‑Kellenberger Oliver , Vahrenhorst Dominik , Verstraeten Thomas , Alves de Mesquita Margarida , Walz Lisa , Wolz Olaf‑Oliver , Oostvogels Lidia ,   CV-NCOV-001 Study Group, De Boever Fien , Desimpel Anniek , Esen Meral , Fischer Ina , Flügge Judith , Geisenberger Otto , Geldmacher Christof , Held Katrin , Hoffmann Larissa , Hölscher Michael , Huber Kristina , Jacobs Bart , Joye Jasper , Kirschke Jacqueline , Klopp Norman , Koehne Erik , Köhler Carsten , Lalremruata Albert , Lamsfus-Calle Carlos , Linh Le Thi Kieu , Maes Cathy , Metaxa Dafni , Molnar Marie-Luise , Mueller Mariana , Müller-Schöner Gesine , Quindel Marion , Rappe Sabine , Schultze-Naumburg Liz , Schumacher Carsten , Schuster Sabine , Thiel Verena , Vejda Susanne , Waerlop Gwenn , Westenberg Carola , Wons Katrin , Zeder Andreas 
Published: August 2021

Summary
Background
We used the RNActive® technology platform (CureVac N.V., Tübingen, Germany) to prepare CVnCoV, a COVID-19 vaccine containing sequence-optimized mRNA coding for a stabilized form of SARS-CoV‑2 spike (S) protein encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP).

Methods
This is an interim analysis of a dosage escalation phase 1 study in healthy 18–60-year-old volunteers in Hannover, Munich and Tübingen, Germany, and Ghent, Belgium. After giving 2 intramuscular doses of CVnCoV or placebo 28 days apart we assessed solicited local and systemic adverse events (AE) for 7 days and unsolicited AEs for 28 days after each vaccination. Immunogenicity was measured as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV‑2 S‑protein and receptor binding domain (RBD), and SARS-CoV‑2 neutralizing titers (MN50).

Results
In 245 volunteers who received 2 CVnCoV vaccinations (2 μg, n = 47, 4 μg, n = 48, 6 μg, n = 46, 8 μg, n = 44, 12 μg, n = 28) or placebo (n = 32) there were no vaccine-related serious AEs. Dosage-dependent increases in frequency and severity of solicited systemic AEs, and to a lesser extent local AEs, were mainly mild or moderate and transient in duration. Dosage-dependent increases in IgG antibodies to S‑protein and RBD and MN50 were evident in all groups 2 weeks after the second dose when 100% (23/23) seroconverted to S‑protein or RBD, and 83% (19/23) seroconverted for MN50 in the 12 μg group. Responses to 12 μg were comparable to those observed in convalescent sera from known COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion
In this study 2 CVnCoV doses were safe, with acceptable reactogenicity and 12 μg dosages elicited levels of immune responses that overlapped those observed in convalescent sera.
Liveness in broadcast networks
Authors: Chini Peter , Meyer Roland , Saivasan Prakash 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study liveness and model checking problems for broadcast networks, a system model of identical clients communicating via message passing. The first problem that we consider is Liveness Verification. It asks whether there is a computation such that one clients visits a final state infinitely often. The complexity of the problem has been open. It was shown to be $$\texttt {P}$$
P
-hard but in $$\texttt {EXPSPACE}$$
EXPSPACE
. We close the gap by a polynomial-time algorithm. The latter relies on a characterization of live computations in terms of paths in a suitable graph, combined with a fixed-point iteration to efficiently check the existence of such paths. The second problem is Fair Liveness Verification. It asks for a computation where all participating clients visit a final state infinitely often. We adjust the algorithm to also solve fair liveness in polynomial time. Both problems can be instrumented to answer model checking questions for broadcast networks against linear time temporal logic specifications. The first problem in this context is Fair Model Checking. It demands that for all computations of a broadcast network, all participating clients satisfy the specification. We solve the problem via the Vardi–Wolper construction and a reduction to Liveness Verification. The second problem is Sparse Model Checking. It asks whether each computation has a participating client that satisfies the specification. We reduce the problem to Fair Liveness Verification.
Diagnostic accuracy of glabellar tap sign for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nuuttila Simo , Eklund Mikael , Joutsa Juho , Jaakkola Elina , Mäkinen Elina , Honkanen Emma A. , Lindholm Kari , Noponen Tommi , Ihalainen Toni , Murtomäki Kirsi , Nojonen Tanja , Levo Reeta , Mertsalmi Tuomas , Scheperjans Filip , Kaasinen Valtteri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlabellar tap or reflex (GR) is an old bedside clinical test used in the diagnostics of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its diagnostic value is unclear. This study examines the diagnostic validity and reliability of GR in PD in relation to brain dopaminergic activity. GR was performed on 161 patients with PD, 47 patients with essential tremor (ET) and 40 healthy controls immediately prior to dopamine transporter (DAT) [123I]FP-CIT SPECT scanning. The binding ratios were investigated with consideration of the GR result (normal/abnormal). In addition, the consistency of the GR was investigated with 89 patients after a mean follow-up of 2.2 years. PD and ET patients had higher GR scores than healthy controls (p < 0.001), but there was no difference in GR between PD and ET patients (p = 0.09). There were no differences in the ratio of abnormal to normal GRs between the PD and ET groups (73% vs. 64% abnormal, respectively, p = 0.13) or in DAT binding between PD patients with abnormal and normal GRs (p > 0.36). Over follow-up, the GR changed from abnormal to normal in 20% of PD patients despite the presence of clinically typical disease. The sensitivity and specificity of GR for differentiating PD from ET were 78.3% and 36.2%, respectively. Although GR has been used by clinicians in the diagnostics of PD, it does not separate PD from ET. It also shows considerable inconsistency over time, and abnormal GR has no relationship with dopamine loss. Its usefulness should be tested for other clinical diagnostic purposes.
Temporal mixture ensemble models for probabilistic forecasting of intraday cryptocurrency volume
Authors: Antulov-Fantulin Nino , Guo Tian , Lillo Fabrizio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the problem of the intraday short-term volume forecasting in cryptocurrency multi-markets. The predictions are built by using transaction and order book data from different markets where the exchange takes place. Methodologically, we propose a temporal mixture ensemble, capable of adaptively exploiting, for the forecasting, different sources of data and providing a volume point estimate, as well as its uncertainty. We provide evidence of the clear outperformance of our model with respect to econometric models. Moreover our model performs slightly better than Gradient Boosting Machine while having a much clearer interpretability of the results. Finally, we show that the above results are robust also when restricting the prediction analysis to each volume quartile.
Stories, journeys and smart maps: an approach to universal access
Authors: Wang Xi , Crookes Danny , Harding Sue-Ann , Johnston David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new approach to universal access based on the premise that humans have the universal capacity to engage emotionally with a story, whatever their ability. Our approach is to present the “story” of museum resources and knowledge as a journey, and then represent this journey physically as a smart map. The key research question is to assess the extent to which our “story” to journey to smart map’ (SJSM) approach provides emotional engagement as part of the museum experience. This approach is applied through the creation of a smart map for blind and partially sighted (BPS) visitors. Made in partnership with Titanic Belfast, a world-leading tourist attraction, the interactive map tells the story of Titanic’s maiden voyage. The smart map uses low-cost technologies such as laser-cut map features and software-controlled multi-function buttons for the audio description (AD). The AD is enhanced with background effects, dramatized personal stories and the ship’s last messages. The results of a reception study show that the approach enabled BPS participants to experience significant emotional engagement with museum resources. The smart model also gave BPS users a level of control over the AD which gave them a greater sense of empowerment and independence, which is particularly important for BPS visitors with varying sight conditions. We conclude that our SJSM approach has considerable potential as an approach to universal access, and to increase emotional engagement with museum collections. We also propose several developments which could further extend the approach and its implementation.