bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Does It Mean to Be a Clinical Track Faculty Member in Public Health? A Survey of Clinical Track Faculty Across the United States
Authors: August Ella , Power Laura , Youatt Emily J. , Anderson Olivia S. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives The clinical professor track has expanded and reflects a trend toward hiring non–tenure-track faculty in public health; however, little is known about this track. We documented characteristics of clinical faculty at US schools of public health. Methods We surveyed clinical faculty at Council on Education for Public Health–accredited schools of public health in the United States in 2019, identified via each school’s website. We invited faculty (n = 264) who had the word clinical in their title (ie, apparently eligible faculty), had a working email address, and were not authors of this article to provide information about their rank, degree credentials, expectations for teaching, service, research and practice, and promotion criteria at their institution. In addition, we used open-ended responses to explain and contextualize quantitative data. Results Of 264 apparently eligible faculty surveyed, 88 (33.3%) responded. We included 81 eligible clinical faculty in our final sample, of whom 46 (56.8%) were assistant professors and 72 (88.9%) had a terminal degree; 57 of 80 (71.3%) had an initial contract of ≤2 years or no contract. Most clinical faculty listed service (96.2%), teaching (95.0%), and student advising/mentoring (86.3%) as duties; fewer clinical faculty reported research (55.0%), practice (33.8%), or clinic (7.5%) duties. Only 37.1% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that promotion policies for clinical track faculty were clear. Conclusions If most clinical faculty are at the lowest academic rank, with short contracts and unclear expectations, it will be difficult for clinical faculty to advance and challenging for schools of public health to benefit from this track. Clear institutional expectations for scope of work and promotion may enhance the contribution of clinical faculty to schools of public health and help define this track.
Lived Experiences of Women with Dissociative Disorder: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Emran Ashti , Sharma Vibha , Singh Ravinder , Jha Manisha , Iqbal Naved 
Published: October 2021

Background: In the Indian setting, several studies have documented that dissociative disorders (DDs) are more common in females, and the most commonly elicited stressors are interpersonal. However, much of the research up to now has been quantitative. There is a notable paucity of qualitative studies exploring the subjective experiences of women with DD. Therefore, the present study sought to explore and gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of women diagnosed with DD. Methods: Five women were recruited who were seeking psychological treatment for dissociative symptoms at a tertiary care neuropsychiatric institute in North India. In-depth interviews were conducted with each, and the transcripts were analyzed using the analytic method of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Three superordinate themes that emerged were: patients’ illness perspectives, the salience of relationships, and dealing with relationship conflicts. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the role of culture in influencing the participants’ illness perspectives. Women with DD tend to define their self in relational terms and, thus, inhibit the expression of one’s needs and opinions, to avoid conflict and to maintain harmony in relationships.
Levosimendan administration is not associated with increased risk of bleeding and blood transfusion requirement in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective study from single center
Authors: Wang Li-hong , Wang Xiao-hong , Tan Jie-chao , He Li-xian , Fu Run-qiao , Lin Yong , Yao Yun-tai 
Published: October 2021

Background: Levosimendan (LEVO) is a positive inotropic drug which could increase myocardial contractility and reduce the mortality rate in cardiac surgical patients. However, Whether LEVO is associated with postoperative bleeding and blood transfusion in cardiac surgical patients is controversial. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the impact of LEVO administration on bleeding and blood transfusion requirement in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) patients. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, a total of 292 patients, aged 40–87 years, undergoing elective OPCAB between January 2019 and July 2019, were divided into LEVO group ( n = 151) and Control group ( n = 141). Patients in LEVO group continuously received LEVO at a rate of 0.1–0.2 μg kg−1 min−1 after anesthesia induction until 24 hours after OPCAB or patients in Control group received no LEVO. The primary outcome was postoperative chest drainage volume. The secondary outcomes were reoperation for postoperative bleeding, transfusion requirement of red blood cells (RBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet concentrate (PC), etc. Comparisons of two groups were performed with the Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference with respect to chest drainage volume ((956.29 ± 555.45) ml vs (1003.19 ± 572.25) ml, p = 0.478) and the incidence of reoperation for postoperative bleeding (1.32% vs 1.42%, p = 0.945) between LEVO group and Control group. The transfusion incidence and volume of allogeneic RBCs, FFP, and PC were comparable between two groups. Conclusions: LEVO administration was neither associated with more postoperative blood loss nor increased allogeneic blood transfusion requirement in OPCAB patients.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of different contrast agents on multiphase enhanced MRI for microvascular invasion: preoperative prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Zehong , Wang Xinxin , Zhang Guijie , Zhou Xueyan , Zhou Yang 
Published: October 2021

Background The preoperative diagnosis of microvascular invasion (MVI) for the solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) is crucial for the decision of surgical strategies. Purpose To compare the kinetic parameters and diagnostic effects of two contrast agents for preoperatively predicting MVI of sHCC on multiphase enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods Two groups of patients with known solitary sHCC underwent an enhanced MRI examination before hepatic resection: Data A (n = 61) patients underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI, and Data B (n = 41) patients had a normal contrast agent. The two sets of data were processed in the same way. Arterial peritumoral enhancement measured from multiphase enhanced MRI was analyzed using quantitative kinetic parameters, including initial signal enhancement (SE1), peak signal enhancement (SEpeak), and calculation of the signal enhancement ratio (SER). Results The statistical analysis showed that the average SE1 and SER (Data A) for the MVI-positive group were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than those in the MVI-negative group. The SER (Data B) and SEpeak showed no significant difference for either group. In Data A, the receiver operating characteristic analysis between the two groups had an area under the curve of 0.74 and 0.71 for SE1 and SER, respectively, which was higher than that of Data B. The different contrast agents had the same enhancement curve trend. Conclusion Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI had a better quantitative kinetic parameter analysis effect for arterial peritumoral enhancement on predicting MVI of sHCC in clinical practice.
Club Formation and Response To Natural Disaster: An Example From South Carolina
Authors: Kyer Ben L. , Maggs Gary E. 
Published: October 2021

In 2016, Hurricane Matthew caused approximately 10 billion dollars of damage in the United States and nearly 350 million dollars in South Carolina. The historic rainfall damaged or completely destroyed roads, bridges, buildings, crops, and dams. This paper documents how one small lakefront community in eastern South Carolina formed a de facto Buchanan Club to fund the reconstruction of a dam destroyed by Matthew and restore a small lake, an exemplary club good. This private response was needed because both the Federal and State governments declined public assistance. In the end and roughly approximately two years after Matthew, the dam was repaired and the lake refilled with the rainfall of Hurricane Florence. JEL Classifications: H00, H41, H89
Refractory iatrogenic pigmentary glaucoma secondary to cosmetic laser treatment: A case report
Authors: Ong Ariel Yuhan , Ching-A-Sue Gemma , Krilis Matthew , Guirao-Navarro Maria Concepion , Hornby Stella , Jutley Gurjeet 
Published: October 2021

Purpose To report a case of bilateral iatrogenic pigmentary glaucoma secondary to cosmetic iris-lightening laser treatment. Case report A 39-year-old patient presented with bilateral iatrogenic pigmentary glaucoma. She had elevated intraocular pressures (IOPs), scattered iris pitting, and intense angle pigmentation secondary to the cosmetic laser treatment she underwent 4 weeks prior to presentation. Her IOPs were refractory to maximal medical treatment and she subsequently underwent trabeculectomy. Conclusion The true scale of complications related to cosmetic laser treatments is as yet unknown. Robust clinical investigations into its safety profile, including long-term data, are required. Prospective patients should consider this with great care. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of this procedure, as early recognition of cosmetic laser-induced pigmentary glaucoma may avert further sequelae.
Sedoanalgesia with intravenous midazolam and fentanyl for angioplasty of dysfunctional arteriovenous access: A retrospective single-center analysis
Authors: Huang Shih-Ming , Hsu Honda , Hii Ing-Heng , Chang Chien-Hwa 
Published: October 2021

Background: Endovascular therapy, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), stenting, or embolization, is a well-established form of treatment to prolong the lifespan of arteriovenous access. These procedures, especially PTA, can be accompanied with severe pain. We reviewed and analyzed the efficacy, safety, and outcome of sedoanalgesia using intravenous midazolam and fentanyl, for pain relief during these procedures. Methods: Two hundred and two consecutive patients with dysfunctional dialysis access that had undergone endovascular procedure in our institute between July and November 2017 were included in this study. The dialysis access profile, procedure complication, and 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were collected. One-year clinical follow-up record was also collected to evaluate arteriovenous access patency and long-term complications. Results: Among the 202 patients, the mean age was (mean ± SD) 67.0 ± 12.08 years. Dialysis access profile of these patients were 119 (58.9%) native arteriovenous fistula and 162 (74.2%) forearm access. The number of lesions treated were 1.63 ± 0.802. Immediate complications included 11 (5.44%) nausea/vomiting, 24 (11.88%) desaturation (SpO2 < 90%, resolved after pillow removal or jaw trust), 16 (7.9%) hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg, resolved without inotropic agents). There was a low average pain score (1.16 ± 1.594) during the procedure with 136 (67.3%) no pain (VAS 0–1) and 56 (27.7%) mild pain (VAS 2–4). Higher VAS score correlated with overweight patients, longer PTA time and pain after procedure. Six-month primary patency rate was 49.17% and primary assisted patency rate was 93.04%. Conclusions: Sedoanalgesia with intravenous midazolam and fentanyl is an easy, safe, and effective method for surgeons.
Children as co-researchers and confessional research tales: Researcher positionality and the (dis)comforts of research
Authors: Supski Sian , Maher Jane Maree 
Published: October 2021

In a study on children, families and food messages in Victoria, Australia, we utilised a multi-methods approach that included visual data produced by primary-school aged children. Working with 50 families, we provided each child investigator with an iPad for 3–4 days and invited them to photograph family food events important to them. The analysis of visual data alongside child and family interviews revealed the diverse meaning-making practices children draw on to understand food practices at home and school. These research practices aspired to locate the researchers and children as co-creators. In this paper, we reflect on the challenges and (dis)comfort we faced as researchers as the implications of co-creation emerged and we engaged with children’s voices, photos and families inside their homes. The multi-methods approach supported a comprehensive and rich engagement with commensality and pleasure in food practices at home for children, but illuminated the complex emotional and intellectual terrain of such research practices.
Classifying and tracking rehabilitation interventions through machine-learning algorithms in individuals with stroke
Authors: Espinoza Bernal Victor C , Hiremath Shivayogi V , Wolf Bethany , Riley Brooke , Mendonca Rochelle J , Johnson Michelle J 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It has been well-documented that rehabilitation (rehab) therapy can aid in regaining health and function for individuals with stroke. Yet, tracking in-home rehab continues to be a challenge because of a lack of resources and population-scale demands. In order to address this gap, we implemented a methodology to classify and track rehab interventions in individuals with stroke. Methods We developed personalized classification algorithms, including neural network-based algorithms, to classify four rehab exercises performed by two individuals with stroke who were part of a week-long therapy camp in Jamaica, a low- and middle-income country. Accelerometry-based wearable sensors were placed on each upper and lower limb to collect movement data during therapy. Results The classification accuracy for traditional and neural network-based algorithms utilizing feature data (e.g., number of peaks) from the sensors ranged from 64 to 94%, respectively. In addition, the study proposes a new method to assess change in bilateral mobility over the camp duration. Conclusion The results of this pilot study indicate that personalized supervised learning algorithms can be used to classify and track rehab activities and functional outcomes in resource limited settings such as LMICs.
Association of race and ethnicity with clinical phenotype, genetics, and survival in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Conneely Shannon E. , McAtee Casey L. , Gupta Rohit , Lubega Joseph , Scheurer Michael E. , Rau Rachel E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Black and Hispanic children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have worse outcomes compared with White children. AML is a heterogeneous disease with numerous genetic subtypes in which these disparities have not been specifically investigated. In this study, we used the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database to examine the association of race-ethnicity with leukemia cytogenetics, clinical features, and survival outcomes within major cytogenetic subgroups of pediatric AML. Compared with White non-Hispanic patients, t(8;21) AML was more prevalent among Black (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-3.74) and Hispanic patients (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.05-2.83). The poor prognosis KMT2A rearrangement t(6;11)(q27;q23) was more prevalent among Black patients (OR, 6.12; 95% CI, 1.81-21.59). Among those with KMT2Ar AML, Black race was associated with inferior event-free survival (EFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.41-3.79) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 2.54; 1.43-4.51). Hispanic patients with KMT2Ar AML also had inferior EFS (HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.27-3.80) and OS (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.09-3.93). Similarly, among patients with t(8;21) or inv(16) AML (ie, core-binding factor [CBF] AML), Black patients had inferior outcomes (EFS HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.14-3.28 and OS HR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.60-6.57). This disparity was not detected among patients receiving gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO). In conclusion, racial-ethnic disparities in survival outcomes among young people with AML are prominent and vary across cytogenetic subclasses. Future studies should explore the socioeconomic and biologic determinants of these disparities.
Venetoclax and azacitidine compared with induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cherry Evan M. , Abbott Diana , Amaya Maria , McMahon Christine , Schwartz Marc , Rosser Julie , Sato Audrey , Schowinsky Jeffrey , Inguva Anagha , Minhajuddin Mohd , Pei Shanshan , Stevens Brett , Winters Amanda , Jordan Craig T. , Smith Clayton , Gutman Jonathan A. , Pollyea Daniel A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVenetoclax (ven) plus azacitidine (aza) is the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy (IC). Some patients who are IC candidates instead receive ven/aza. We retrospectively analyzed patients with newly diagnosed AML who received ven/aza (n = 143) or IC (n = 149) to compare outcomes, seek variables that could predict response to 1 therapy or the other, and ascertain whether treatment recommendations could be refined. The response rates were 76.9% for ven/aza and 70.5% for IC. The median overall survival (OS) was 884 days for IC compared with 483 days for ven/aza (P = .0020). A propensity-matched cohort was used to compare outcomes in the setting of equivalent baseline variables, and when matched for age, biological risk, and transplantation, the median OS was 705 days for IC compared with not reached for ven/aza (P = .0667). Variables that favored response to ven/aza over IC included older age, secondary AML, and RUNX1 mutations. AML M5 favored response to IC over ven/aza. In the propensity-matched cohort analyzing OS, older age, adverse risk, and RUNX1 mutations favored ven/aza over IC, whereas intermediate risk favored IC over ven/aza. In conclusion, patients receiving IC have improved OS compared with those receiving ven/aza. However, in a propensity-matched cohort of patients with equivalent baseline factors, there was a trend toward favorable OS for ven/aza. Specific variables, such as RUNX1 mutations, reported here for the first time, can be identified that favor ven/aza or IC, helping to guide treatment decisions for patients who may be eligible candidates for either therapy.
Prognostic factors for development of acute respiratory distress syndrome following traumatic injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tran Alexandre , Fernando Shannon M. , Brochard Laurent J. , Fan Eddy , Inaba Kenji , Ferguson Niall D. , Calfee Carolyn S. , Burns Karen E.A. , Brodie Daniel , McCredie Victoria A. , Kim Dennis Y. , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo , Lampron Jacinthe , Slutsky Arthur S. , Combes Alain , Rochwerg Bram 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundOur purpose was to summarise the prognostic associations between various clinical risk factors and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following traumatic injury.MethodsWe conducted this review in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and CHARMS (Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies) guidelines. We searched six databases from inception through December 2020. We included English language studies describing the clinical risk factors associated with development of post-traumatic ARDS, as defined by either the American–European Consensus Conference or Berlin definition. We pooled adjusted odds ratios for prognostic factors using the random effects method. We assessed risk of bias using the QUIPS (Quality in Prognosis Studies) tool and certainty of findings using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology.ResultsWe included 39 studies involving 5 350 927 patients. We identified the amount of crystalloid resuscitation as a potentially modifiable prognostic factor associated with development of post-traumatic ARDS (adjusted OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15–1.24 for each additional litre of crystalloid administered within the first 6 h after injury; high certainty). Non-modifiable prognostic factors with a moderate or high certainty of association with post-traumatic ARDS included increasing age, non-Hispanic White race, blunt mechanism of injury, presence of head injury, pulmonary contusion or rib fracture and increasing chest injury severity.ConclusionsWe identified one important modifiable factor, the amount of crystalloid resuscitation within the first 24 h of injury, and several non-modifiable factors associated with development of post-traumatic ARDS. This information should support the judicious use of crystalloid resuscitation in trauma patients and may inform development of risk stratification tools.
BreathEase: rationale, design and recruitment of a randomised trial and embedded mixed-methods study of a multiprofessional breathlessness service in early palliative care
Authors: Schunk Michaela , Berger Ursula , Le Lien , Rehfuess Eva , Schwarzkopf Larissa , Streitwieser Sabine , Müller Thomas , Hofmann Miriam , Holle Rolf , Huber Rudolf Maria , Mansmann Ulrich , Bausewein Claudia 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe Munich Breathlessness Service has adapted novel support services to the German context, to reduce burden in patients and carers from breathlessness in advanced disease. It has been evaluated in a pragmatic fast-track randomised controlled trial (BreathEase;NCT02622412) with embedded qualitative interviews and postal survey. The aim of this article is to describe the intervention model and study design, analyse recruitment to the trial and compare sample characteristics with other studies in the field.MethodsAnalysis of recruitment pathways and enrolment, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants and carers.ResultsOut of 439 people screened, 253 (58%) were offered enrolment and 183 (42%) participated. n=97 (70%) carers participated. 186 (42%) people did not qualify for inclusion, mostly because breathlessness could not be attributed to an underlying disease. All participants were self-referring; 60% through media sources. Eligibility and willingness to participate were associated to social networks and illness-related activities as recruitment routes. Mean age of participants was 71 years (51% women), with COPD (63%), chronic heart failure (8%), interstitial lung disease (9%), pulmonary hypertension (6%) and cancer (7%) as underlying conditions. Postal survey response rate was 89%. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 patients and nine carers.ConclusionThe BreathEase study has a larger and more heterogeneous sample compared to other trials. The self-referral-based and prolonged recruitment drawing on media sources approximates real-world conditions of early palliative care. Integrating qualitative and quantitative components will allow a better understanding and interpretation of the results of the main effectiveness study.