bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A populist turn?
Authors: Ekman Mattias , Krzyżanowski Michał 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article undertakes a critical discourse analysis of Swedish quality newspaper editorials and their evolving framing of immigration since the 2015 peak of the recent European “refugee crisis”. Positioned within the ongoing discursive shifts in the Swedish public sphere and the growth of discursive uncivility in its mainstream areas, the analysis highlights how xenophobic and racist discourses once propagated by the far and radical right gradually penetrate into the studied broadsheet newspapers. We argue that the examined editorials carry the tendency to normalise once radical perceptions of immigration. This takes place by incorporating various discursive strategies embedded in wider argumentative frames – or topoi – of demographic consequences, Islam and Islamisation, threat, and integration. All of these enable constructing claims against immigration now apparently prevalent in the examined strands of the Swedish “quality” press.
The institutionalisation of populist political discourse and conservative uncivil society in the European Union
Authors: Ruzza Carlo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the ideational features of conservative civil society groups at EU level and compares them to progressive groups. Through a frame analysis of the textual materials of these two types of organisations, I examine their reactions to the success of populist formations in several European member states and at EU level. I argue that the long-established EU ethos of fostering progressive civil society is undergoing a redefinition, which impacts their strategies. I posit that in a changing political climate, EU institutions are less interested in some of the contributions progressive civil society offers, such as its contributions to public deliberation, governance, and the legitimacy of the EU. Progressive civil society reacts to the threat of a loss of standing and attempts to retain its historical centrality, legitimacy, and access. In contrast, conservative civil society groups seek to establish themselves in a political environment previously off-limits to them.
Standing on the ice: experiences of women national ice hockey players in Turkey
Authors: Doğusan Sena Nur , Koçak Funda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine within the framework of symbolic interaction theory and field theory how women national ice hockey players understand ice hockey through their experiences. Semi-structured interviews were used to understand the experiences of 21 ice hockey players from the Turkish women’s national team, and themes were developed from the data using the thematic analysis methods. A total of three main themes and two sub-themes were created after the analysis. In this context, three main themes related to the theoretical framework were established: “Symbolic Meanings: A Strong Ice Hockey Player,” “Ice Hockey As a Life Space,” and “A Hard Fight On the Ice.” In addition, under the main theme of “Ice Hockey As a Life Space” are two sub-themes: “World of Emotions” and “Constraints.” Ice hockey is perceived by women players as a living space that expresses a firm stance towards life. Despite the presence of traces of the concept of gender, ice hockey is not seen as a fully gendered area by Turkish players. In general, women players reported the lack of financial and social support as limiting factors for participation in ice hockey, while moral support and high motivation were supporting factors.
Synthesis, computational, anticancerous and antiproliferative effects of some copper, manganese and zinc complexes with ligands derived from symmetrical 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl-salicylaldehyde
Authors: Ababneh Taher S. , El-Khateeb Mohammad , Tanash Aissar K. , AL-Shboul Tareq M.A. , Shammout Mohammad Jamal A. , Jazzazi Taghreed M.A. , Alomari Mohammad , Daoud Safa , Talib Wamidh H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Four new symmetrical Schiff bases derived from 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl-salicylaldehyde have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and different spectroscopic techniques. The reaction of 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl with two equivalents of 5-tert-butyl-, 3,5-dinitro-, 3,5-dibromo- and 3-tert-butyl-salicylaldehyde yielded 2,2’-bis(5-tert-butyl-salicylideneamino)-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl (A1) as well as the 3,5-dinitro- (A2), 3,5-dibromo- (A3) and 3-tert-butyl- (A4) substituted derivatives. The tetradentate ligands were then reacted with copper-, manganese- and zinc-acetate producing the tetra-coordinate metal complexes which were characterized by FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis. Zinc complexes were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory were carried out to fully optimize and examine the molecular geometries of complexes. Subsequently, IR vibrational and UV-Vis absorption spectra were computed and correlated with the observed values and the results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The anticancerous and antiproliferative activity of the A3 ligand and its metal complexes were determined.
Recapitulation of Transcriptomic Characteristics of Primary Breast Tumours in Patient-Derived 3D Cultures in Vitro
Authors: Nitiša Dina , Jain Nityanand , Irmejs Arvīds , Pirsko Valdis , Čakstiņa Inese 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Europe and worldwide. Adherent (2D) cell cultures have been the routine in vitro model system employed in preclinical BC research for the last half-century. Over the past decade, new protocols have been developed allowing patient-derived three-dimensional organoid (3D) cell culture development from a range of solid tumours, including BC. These 3D models offer a promise of closer resemblance to the native tumour than the 2D cultures. To test the assumption that an in vitro 3D BC model system provides increased faithfulness to the molecular processes happening in vivo, as compared to 2D BC cultures, post-operational material from three BC patients was used to simultaneously develop 2D and 3D cultures in vitro. When analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the gene expression patterns of the cells from 3D cultures resembled the original tissues, while the gene expression patterns of the conventional 2D cultures were more distant.
Sinus Rhythm Maintenance After Electrical Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients — Comparative Efficacy of Antiarrhythmic Medications
Authors: Kokina Baiba , Strēlnieks Aldis , Pupkeviča Irina , Jubele Kristīne , Vikmane Maija , Sakne Sandis , Sokolova Emma , Urtāne Inga , Lejnieks Aivars , Kalējs Oskars 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) conversion to sinus rhythm by electrical cardioversion (ECV) is followed by the challenge of preventing arrhythmia recurrence, especially in high-risk patients. The properties of class IC, class III and also class II antiarrhythmic medications have been established, but not all effects have been studied. The aim of the study was to compare efficacy of class IC and class III antiarrhythmic medications, and additionally medication with a class II mechanism of action, or taken concomitantly with a beta-blocker, for post-cardioversion sinus rhythm maintenance in patients with high-risk AF. A total of 112 patients who underwent successful ECV in Latvian Centre of Cardiology were included. Data was acquired by a face-to-face interview and 1-, 3-, 6-month follow-up interviews. Comparing class IC (used by 34.8%) and class III (used by 65.2%) drugs, there was no statistically significant difference between six-month sinus rhythm maintenance rates (53.8% vs. 63.0%, p = 0.346) and arrhythmia-free survival (p = 0.313). Comparing amiodarone (used by 57.1%) and ethacizine, concurrently with a beta-blocker (used by 25.9%), no statistically significant difference was found between six-month sinus rhythm maintenance (64.1% vs. 58.6%, p = 0.616) and arrhythmia-free survival (p = 0.706). The results showed that specific antiarrhythmic drug choice was not associated with superior effectiveness, highlighting that, if not contraindicated, ethacizine, concomitantly with a beta-blocker, could be used as a similarly effective alternative for amiodarone, which has adverse health effects.
Comparison of Fluoroscopically and Arthroscopically Assisted Volar Plating of Articular Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Krustiņš Uldis , Nefjodovs Vadims , Bringina Diāna , Jaudzema Aija , Jumtiņš Andris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a retrospective study that included 70 patients with intraarticular (AO Type C [Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen]) distal radius fractures, who were treated using an arthroscopically assisted approach with volar locking plates or just a fluoroscopically assisted surgery. Thirty-seven of them were treated using volar locking plates using only fluoroscopically guided surgery and 33 patients were treated with the arthroscopically assisted fracture fixation method. Data of the patients who attended a full cycle of the postoperative observation within the first year after the surgery and postponed to the last visit 1 to 5 years after the surgery were included in the analysis for both groups. Postoperative analysis was carried out using X-ray assessment, clinical data, patient-rated wrist evaluation score, Gartland and Werley score, Modern Activity Subjective Survey of 2007 score, range of motion, grip, pinch and tripod pinch assessment at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Despite the statistically significant differences found in a number of parameters during the follow-up period, there were no clinically relevant differences determined between the two methods in the long-term period. There was a greater arch of motions in extension and radial deviation in the arthroscopic surgery group. Duration of the surgery was longer in the arthroscopic surgery group, but comminuted or AO-C3 type fractures also were more often presented in this group. One complex regional pain syndrome occurred in the arthroscopic surgery group and two in the control group. None of patients suffered tendon ruptures, hardware migration or infections.
EU Energy Security at a Glance: The Evolution of the Situation Between 2014-2018
Authors: Cîrdei Ionuţ Alin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ensuring the energy resources needed for the functioning of society as a whole is a major concern for European countries, which must identify solutions in this regard. Measures to be taken individually and collectively aim to ensure a continuous flow of energy resources and to consolidate the energy security. The energy security of European states is quite difficult to achieve due to the energy situation of all states and due to the increased dependence on energy resources outside the European space. Ensuring energy security not only creates the conditions for the development of society, but also strengthens national security, as it eliminates possible sources of tension and contradictions, which can lead to crisis or even conflict. From this perspective, it is clear that the EU is making efforts for energy sources diversification and to reduce the likelihood of malfunctions, but the evolution of the energy situation of the EU bloc shows that this is a long-term approach and concrete measures are very difficult to implement, fact easy to notice from the analysis of the energy situation of the EU between 2014 and 2018.
Considerations Regarding the Possibility of Implementing a Model for the Evaluation of the Level of Cadets’ Physical Training
Authors: Stănciulescu Robert , Stănciulescu Cristian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The analysis of military conflicts in the latter part of the twentieth century has led to a revision of ideas about the concept of physical training in modern armies in Europe and America. The dimensions of the scientific and technical revolution show that the power of military imposition depends on the intensive technologies of knowledge, and physical training has been redefined as an urgent need in the training of the military and placed in its proper place. Not only is it no longer neglected, but, as if more than ever, from the data provided by foreign military literature, it is clear that the training of the fighter begins and ends with physical exercises. Military specialists say that in increasing combat capability, physical condition comes immediately after the technical and tactical experience in terms of importance, representing 20-30 % of the time allocated to training for combat. This orientation includes the theory of the training practice of future students in the Land Forces Academy, the assessment of the level of physical training being an essential objective in the training system.
Planning and Conducting Computer Assisted Exercises During a Pandemic
Authors: Zinca Diana-Ioana , Bârsan Ghiţă 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
2020 was a year that changed the world completely, forced everyone to think outside of the box and the effects, as well as the results, are still to be measured. While facing several countries’ lockdowns, planning and conducting a multinational computer assisted exercise (CAX) during a pandemic seemed nearly impossible. By taking extreme measures, developing a new architecture model for a CAX and relying on the training audience’s will to be trained, NATO managed to overcome all the constraints and successfully conducted the exercise Loyal Leda 2020. This paper will not only give details about the new CAX architecture concept that supported the execution phase of the exercise, but will also explain the exercise planning process (EPP) behind it.
Prevalence, morbidity and mortality of deep neck abscess in a tertiary hospital from Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Pineda-Alvarado Alejandra , Lugo-Machado Juan Antonio , Canché-Martin Edwin , Quintero Jaime Zuleyka , Arellano-Ridriguez Irene , Lizárraga Lorenzo Lizárraga 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Neck abscesses are defined as processes of infectious origin, which form a collection of purulent material through the deep planes of the neck, formed by fasciae. It may involve one or more spaces of the cervical region. In addition, they can be localized or disseminated and generate extremely serious and life-threatening complications.

OBJECTIVE. To identify the prevalence of deep neck abscess in our tertiary hospital center.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. A retrospective, analytical, observational, and cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2015 to May 2019. The data observed during the care of the patients with a diagnosis of deep neck abscess were collected from the clinical records. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the odd ratio was used for the risk probability analysis.

RESULTS. A prevalence of 42 cases was found in 5 years, with 8.4 annual cases, average age of 45.2 years, male gender predominance in 53% of the cases. Descending mediastinitis was the most common complication and a mortality of 8.33% was presented. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the involvement of 3 or more spaces represented a higher risk for complications compared to healthy patients who presented involvement of ≤2 spaces.

CONCLUSION. In the Northwestern region of Mexico of IMSS beneficiaries, we have a prevalence of 42 cases in 5 years, 8.4 per year. The average age of our series is 45.2 years and there is no difference regarding the affection by gender. The involvement of two or more than three spaces represents the majority of cases. More than half of our cases underwent surgical drainage. Type 2 diabetes mellitus alone or accompanied with other comorbidities was the most common associated pathology; this same entity and the involvement of 3 or more spaces presented a higher risk of complications
The Sociology of Global Warming: A Scientometric Look
Authors: Campa Riccardo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The theory of anthropogenic global warming (AGW) enjoys considerable consensus among experts. It is widely recognized that global industrialization is producing an increase in the planet’s temperatures and causing environmental disasters. Still, there are scholars – although a minority – who consider groundless either the idea of global warming itself or the idea that it constitutes an existential threat for humanity. This lack of scientific unanimity (as well as differing political ideologies) ignites controversies in the political world, the mass media, and public opinion as well. Sociologists have been dealing with this issue for some time, producing researches and studies based on their specific competencies. Using scientometric tools, this article tries to establish to what extent and in which capacity sociologists are studying the phenomenon of climate change. Particular attention is paid to meta-analytical aspects such as consensus, thematic trends, and the impact of scientific works.
Reply to Walter Block on Ethical Vegetarianism
Authors: Huemer Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
I address Walter Block’s recent criticisms of my book, Dialogues on Ethical Vegetarianism. Methodologically, Block relies too much on appeals to contentious and extreme assumptions. Substantively, most of his objections are irrelevant to the central issue of the book. Those that are relevant turn on false assumptions or lead to absurd consequences. In the end, Block’s claim to oppose suffering cannot be reconciled with his indifference to a practice that probably causes, every few years, more suffering than all the suffering in human history.
A Short History of the Discovery of Black Holes
Authors: Braddock Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The concept of black holes or completely collapsed gravitational objects as they were originally called has fascinated the scientific community and writers of science fiction for centuries. The mathematical proof of the existence of black holes came from the collation of multiple lines of evidence, some of which were highly debated and was derived from both indirect and direct sources. The measurement of gravitational waves and the observation of a black hole represent one of the most astounding achievements in astrophysics which will open up new areas of investigation for the role that black holes play in the formation, maintenance and evolution of galactic structure.
A Model of Systems Dynamics for Physical Flow Analysis in a Distribution Supply Chain
Authors: Hamoudi Kahina , Bellaouar Ahmed , Petiot Romain 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a model of systems dynamics for the analysis and study of physical flows in a distribution logistics chain. The proposed model is a decision support tool that allows testing several scenarios in order to study the behavior of physical flows within a supply chain depending on the inventory and transport costs and taking into consideration the environmental issues through the integration of a CO2 tax in transport costs. The developed model can be used to analyze various scenarios and perform various “what-if” analyzes, as well as to answer questions about the long-term operation of distribution chains. The results show that logistic decisions and strategies taken at the supply chain level influence inventory and transport costs. They show also that the model is a well decision-support tool for calculating and analyzing transport and inventory costs. We first expose the methodology and the literature review. Next, we present in detail the structure of the model consisting of the causal loops diagram and stock and flow diagram. Finally, we discuss the results of the model.
The Population And Activities Of Peat Land Microorganism On Palm Oil Plantation Based On Depth And Age Of Plant
Authors: Emalinda Oktanis 
Published: March 2021

Population and activity of soil microorganisms can be used as indicators in soil management. This research aims to examine the population and activity of peat soil microorganisms based on the depth and age of oil palm plantations.
This research is located in Katapiang, Batang Anai Subdistrict, Padang Pariaman District, which peat land is used for palm oil plantations and it getsa minimal plantation management. The research uses survey method in four stages: preparation, pre survey, main survey and sampling, laboratory analysis and data processing. Samples taken on peat land that planted with palm oil from ages 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, and samples from natural peatlands. Sampling at depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm. From the data analysis, the soil microorganisms population is decreasing with the increase of palm oil plantations age. The bacterial and fungal populations mostly are on the surface. Meanwhile, the highest activity of microorganisms is on 5-10 years palm oil land. Phosphate solvent bacteria mostly found in 5-10 yearspalm oil. Ground water level, water content and soil pH also affect the population and activity of soil microorganisms.
The Effect of High Temperature on α-Amylase Enzyme Activity in the Germination of Several Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sari Afrima 
Published: March 2021

High temperatures can affect plant morphophysiological changes and enzyme denaturation that can interfere with the germination process. This research aims to study the effect of temperature changes on the α-amylase enzyme activity of several rice varieties germination. The research applies Factorial Experiment in Completely Random Design, where the first factor is four levels of rice varieties, Anak Daro, Batang Piaman, Cisokan, and Inpari 30. The second factor is temperature level, 28 0C, 32 0C, 36 0C, 40 0C, 44 0C and 48 0C. Results showed that the activity of the α -amylase enzymes of the four varieties increased when the temperature increased to reach the optimal temperature, and denaturation began to occur above that temperature. The highest enzyme activity of α-amylase of Anak Daro, Cisokan and Inpari 30 varieties at 48 0C is 0,14 micromol, 0,365 micromol dan 0,191 micromol. In contrast the optimum enzyme activity of α-amylase of Batang Piaman variety at a temperature of 40 0C is 0,237 micromol and when the temperature rises to 48 0C a decrease in the activity of the α-amylation enzyme is 0,138 micromol. The variation in the activity of α-amylase enzymes in the four varieties is probably due to genetic differences and sucrose content. The Batang Piaman and Cisokan varieties can only germinate up to 36 0C, while the Daro and Inpari 30 varieties can germinate up to 40 0C.
Antidiabetic activity, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Tradescantia spathacea Swartz extract
Authors: Nagaraju Jesetti  , Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala  , Subhakar Raju Rapaka  , Umasankar Kulandaivelu  , Koteswara Rao GSN  
Published: March 2021

Tradescantia spathacea Swartz belongs to the genus Commelinaceae, a tropical tree used in many countries as an herbal drug for the care of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to examine anti-diabetic activity of the Tradescantia spathacea Swartz methanolic extract (METSW) and the in-vitro activity of α-amylase, and α-glucosidase was carried out. METSW compared with acarbose inhibition of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme, METSW exhibited IC50 less than 100μg/mL would be considered as healthy. The METSW showed IC50 66.22 ± 0.52μg/mL α-amylase activity, acarbose revealed an IC50 of 83.25 ± 1.28μg/mL. METSW demonstrated IC50 levels of 85.37 ± 0.72 μg/mL (y= 0.095x+41.89) inhibition of the α-Glucosidase enzymes. METSW at 400 mg/kg greatly decreased the region under the blood glucose level curve in a typical rat test for oral glucose tolerance. The single dose of the extract decreased dramatically from 211 mg/dl to 89.22 mg/dl at 400 mg/kg METSW in the alloxan induced diabetic model. METSW possesses strong antidiabetic activity in vivo and in vitro. Besides, the extract has also been shown to have a significant inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase which may lead to its anti-hyperglycemic function when used in diabetic patients.