bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription pattern for pregnant and lactating mothers, and attitude towards the safety of medicines in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Shuma Madhabi Lata , Azad M. A. K. , Muhit M. Abdul , Halder Shimul 
Published: February 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Prescription pattern of drugs particularly in the special physiological conditions, e.g., pregnancy and lactation have an impact on the mothers as well as the newborns. More specifically, the evaluation of the pattern can play a pivotal role to minimize their economic burden as well as improving their quality of life by reducing drug related toxicity. This study aims at the evaluation of the prescription pattern for the pregnant and lactating mothers for the first time in one of the largest tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh. Moreover, the perception of the patients about the safety of the medicines has also been enlightened.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Data collected from 500 pregnant women and 335 lactating mothers were analyzed in the context of demographic characteristics, drug use pattern, USFDA drug risk category, and clinical complications to understand their attitude towards the safety of medicines. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study suggests that the majority of the participants were aware of the safety and usage of medications during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, the linear regression analysis clearly indicates that pregnant women were significantly associated with a higher attitude score compared to that of the lactating mothers. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study necessitates the requirement to implement the relevant WHO recommended core interventions and to develop a healthcare system by incorporating clinical pharmacists about the dispensing and sale of medicines in ensuring the rational use of medicines more efficiently.</p>
Recognizing hypothyroidism from a neurologist eye: tips and tricks
Authors: Chaudhary Ansh , Chaudhary Bhupendra 
Published: February 2021

<p>Hypothyroidism the most common endocrine disorder of adults with its protean neurological, neuropsychiatrical and neuromuscular manifestation needs special attention in clinical practice as majority of these symptoms can be reversed on timely administration of levothyroxine and attainment of euthyroid state, Thyroid hormones have critical influence on integral growth, development and functioning of central nervous system. Apart from usual clinical symptoms (especially in females) of constipation, fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia and menstrual irregularities, the persistent low thyroid hormones can present with wide range of neurological complications like mononeuropathy (corpal tunnel syndrome) and polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, dementia, psychosis, coma, encephalopathy (Hashimoto's) as well as myopathies.</p>
Modeling the Consequences of Methane Gas Expansion in a CNG Fuel Stations of Isfahan Province
Authors: RASTIMEHR Mahdieh , BAHRAMI Mahshid , MAZLOMI Adel , CHALAK Mohammad Hossein , POURBABAKI Reza 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Assessment of the consequences of hazards such as fire and explosion is one of the most urgent and important steps to improve the level of safety in the current stations and those that are in the design process. The purpose of this study was to review the model of CNG Compressed Natural Gas releases and the range of damages to individuals and equipment. Moreover, we examined the observance of safe distance of this station to its surroundings.
Materials and Methods: In this study, modeling the effects of fire and explosion on the CNG fuel station in Isfahan province was performed using ALOHA software. In this model, six scenarios were designed to create a hole with a diameter of 0.03m and a gap of 0.2m and width of 0.2 m in a pressure vessel.
Results: It was observed that the toxic atmosphere was within the distance of 55 meters at a concentration of 65000 ppm. In the case of a gap, the toxic vapor cloud range could increase to 66 meters. The flammable superpower range was 89meters for the hole but 107 meters for the gap. The thermal radiation from the jet fire to the distance of 25meters was 10 kw/sqm for the hole, but the thermal radiation was 10 kw/sqm for the gap to 35meters.
Conclusion: The most dangerous scenario was the Jet Fire, which involved not only the CNG station, but also the municipal parking area. Furthermore, the thermal radiation produced by the gap was greater than the hole with regard to the involved range.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN IMPROVISASI IMAJINATIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KONVERSI CERPEN KE DALAM BERMAIN PERAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI
Authors: Risdiawati Dian 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research and development is to produce Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model in the conversion short story to role play learning. Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model is a way of learning that is planned to make students easier to modify short story texts into role play so that learning can take place actively, effectively, and creatively. The steps of the Imaginative Improvisation learning model, are (1) developing a framework, (2) improvising dialogue, (3) improvising behavior, and (4) assessment. Imaginative Improvisation learning model is a model that converts into role play by developing students' imagination and spontaneity. The data collectable by questionnaire from language and literature expert, model learning expert, Indonesian Language teacher, and student. Based on test product result, it is known that the product reaches a valid category and can be implemented.The purpose of this research and development is to produce Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model in the conversion short story to role play learning. Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model is a way of learning that is planned to make students easier to modify short story texts into role play so that learning can take place actively, effectively, and creatively. The steps of the Imaginative Improvisation learning model, are (1) developing a framework, (2) improvising dialogue, (3) improvising behavior, and (4) assessment. Imaginative Improvisation learning model is a model that converts into role play by developing students' imagination and spontaneity. The data collectable by questionnaire from language and literature expert, model learning expert, Indonesian Language teacher, and student. Based on test product result, it is known that the product reaches a valid category and can be implemented.
LOAN WORD: PLAYING WITH WORDS AND CONSONANTAL RADICAL THEORY
Authors: Sarage Japen 
Published: February 2021

This paper aims at finding out possible ways of relating words in Arabic, English and Indonesian of which their status can be loan words. This kind of study is not possible in the view of historical linguistics since it studies only languages in the same language family. Being a member of language families of Semitic, Indo-European, and Austronesian languages, the three languages are said to be less related. But recent development proposed by Jassem shows that English and Arabic are significantly closely related. The English word rice /rais/ is related to the Arabic word ruzwhere the consonant /r/ is adopted, the vowel /u/ is split into a diphthong /ai/ and the consonant /z/ is weakened into /s/. The same Arabic word is likely adopted into Indonesian beras /bəras/ with two different sound changes i.e. the weakened vowel /u/ into /a/ and the additional sound or syllable /be/ at the beginning. It is a matter of fact that most Indonesian words consist of more than one syllable.The method of analysis in this paper uses Campbell’s theory of sound changes in determining the relationship among Arabic, English and Indonesian words. This method is completed by Jaseem’s theory of Consonantal Radical Theory. Some Arabic, English, and Indonesian words are analyzed by means of Campbell’s theory together with that of Jaseem’s. This paper says nothing about their historical background but provides proofs of word connectedness. This paper may support Jaseem’s theory of Consonantal Radical Theory, which may lead to rethinking of classification of language family
WACANA PEMILIHAN PUTERI INDONESIA: PENOLAKAN DAN PEMBELAAN TANGGAPAN WARGANET
Authors: Rahmatika Laily , Laila Malikatul , Wahyudi Agus Budi 
Published: February 2021

Social media are online features to get information and to express the positive and negative response for warganet. The case of the Election of Miss Indonesia 2020 is the form of rejection and defense responses. This study aims to describe the variatios of negative and positive sense warganet response in the Election of Miss Indonesia 2020 which mispronounced Pancasila. There are two variation of data: First, 53 forms of negative warganet responses. Second, 45 forms of positive responses. Data sources are 98 warganet responses on instagram. Data were collected through reading and taking note. Theoretical triangulation is used to validate the data. The analysis method uses distributional and referential identity and pragmatics. The results show the form of rejection and defense responses. First, negative sense responses as warganet’s rejection. Second, positive sense responses as warganet’s defense.
Testing hypotheses on signatures of precipitation variability in the river and floodplain deposits of the Paleogene San Juan Basin, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Authors: Zellman Kristine L. , Plink-Björklund Piret , Fricke Henry C. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMuch progress has been made in recent years towards a set of recognition criteria for river discharge variability in river channel deposits, and thus sedimentary proxies for precipitation variability. Despite this progress, there is currently no consensus on how different styles of discharge variability are reflected in river sedimentary records, and whether variable-discharge river records from different climate types can be distinguished. Herein, river discharge and precipitation variability in the Paleogene is investigated using associations between river channel and floodplain deposits across the Paleocene–Eocene boundary from the Paleocene upper Nacimiento Formation and the early Eocene San Jose Formation in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA.The succession is identified as deposits of variable-discharge river systems based on shared channel-deposit characteristics with modern and ancient variable-discharge river systems and the proposed facies models, in addition to alternations of poorly drained and well-drained floodplain deposits and/or slickensides indicating alternating wet–dry cycles. A long-term stratigraphic trend toward increasingly well-drained floodplain deposits is also observed and hypothesized to indicate successively more arid conditions from the Paleocene into the early Eocene. Comparisons with modern rivers from various climate zones suggest a long-term shift from a monsoonal climate in the Paleocene, to a fluctuating subhumid climate, ultimately leading to semiarid to arid conditions in the early Eocene. These observations suggest that floodplain deposits may be a better indicator of ambient climate, whereas channel deposits are records for frequency and magnitude of high-intensity precipitation events. Therefore, the existing facies models for variable-discharge rivers that consider only channel facies may not capture critical information needed to make accurate interpretations of paleoclimatic conditions. This study also adds to a growing body of evidence from geologic records of mid-latitude Paleogene river systems suggesting increases in the magnitude or variability of river discharge coinciding with established climate perturbations.
Modelling and Optimisation of Flow Control Valves Case Study From the Greater Burgan Field, Kuwait
Authors: Al-Hussaini Mustafa , Al-Kandari Hamad , Kurma Ravi , Burman Kishore Jyoti , Al-Fadhli Wuroud M. , Al-Ali Abdulmuhsen Yousef , Xu Rong , Yaser Muhammad , Ibrahim Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a dynamic modelling and optimization study to investigate the viability of deploying intelligent completions for well management in a mature oilfield in order to mitigate the challenges of increasing water cut and rapid diminishing of surface locations for new wells across the Greater Burgan field. Reservoir simulation is used to assess the potential benefits of installing Flow Control Valves (FCVs) in a candidate well, to control production from multiple reservoir zones.
A representative sector model is defined around the candidate well, to include surrounding wells that could influence its flow behaviour. Reservoir properties are extracted from a fine-scale geological realization and updated using current well logs. Sensitivity studies are performed to determine the appropriate size and grid design for simulation. The well is planned to be completed across six producing reservoir zones with a single tubing and an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). In the optimization strategy, the FCV aperture openings are adjusted over the lifetime of the well, to maximize the Net Present Value, while meeting operational and strategic constraints.
The robustness of the forecast outcomes are highly dependent on the quality of reservoir characterization. A sector model large enough to represent the effects of reservoir heterogeneities and interference from other wells, was used. The efficient optimization workflows used here can be generalized for similar analyses of other wells and other fields.
The optimized results demonstrate that installation of FCVs can help to meet the simultaneous objectives of boosting oil production while reducing water production. This is achieved by choking back the deeper high-water production zones to accelerate oil production from the upper high oil saturation zones, while also targeting offtake to induce the shallower low-pressure zone to deliver more. The large initial capital outlay, comprising the equipment and service cost of the FCV installation is fully offset within the first year of production, post installation.
This study highlights the significant upside benefits for the management of complex brown fields such as the Greater Burgan by adopting smart well completion strategy. Improving well production performance, and supporting multi-zone completions, should also enable reduction of well counts for fields with existing high well density and lack of surface space to accommodate many new dispersed wells.
Liner Deployed Flow Control Devices in SAGD Infill Producers
Authors: Hardcastle Michael , Holmes Ryan , Abbott Frank , Stevenson Jesse , Tuttle Aubrey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Connacher Oil and Gas has deployed Flow Control Devices (FCDs)on an infill well liner as part of a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) exploitation strategy. Infill wells are horizontal wells drilled in between offsetting SAGD well pairs in order to access bypassed pay and accelerate recovery. These wells can have huge variability in productivity, based on several factors:
variable initial temperature due to variable steam chamber development and initial mobility variable injectivity from day one limiting steam circulation and stimulation significant hot spots during production that limit drawdown of the well and oil productivity
FCDs have shown great value in several SAGD schemes and are becoming common throughout SAGD applications to manage similar challenges in SAGD pairs, but their application in infill wells is less prevalent and presents a novel challenge to design and evaluate performance. This case study will examine the theory, operation, and early field results of this field trial.
Density-based FCDs designed for thermal operations were selected to minimize the impact of viscous fluids commonly encountered early in cold infill well production. The design also limited steam outflow during the stimulation phase, where steam is injected in order to initiate production of the well.
Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data, pressures and rates are utilized to analyze the impact of the FCDs towards conformance of the well in the early life. The value of FCDs has led to further piloting of this technology in a second group of nine infill wells, where further value is to be extracted using slimmer wellbores.
Effect of Specimen Length on Structural and Sealability Evaluation of Tubular Connections in HPHT and Thermal Wells
Authors: Xie Jueren 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Premium connection designs are typically evaluated and qualified to broadly adopted industry standards, such as ISO 13679 (2019) and API RP 5C5 (2017) procedures for testing casing and tubing connection in High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) wells up to temperatures of 180°C, and ISO/PAS 12835 (2013) for testing casing connection in thermal wells that experience temperatures from 180°C to 350°C. The primary focus of these qualification protocols is to evaluate the sealing capacity and structural integrity of the candidate connection design under loads representative of the conditions that the connection will experience through the well's life cycle.
The test specimens consist of the coupling and the pipe segments on both sides of the coupling. While it may be desirable to evaluate test specimens with lengths equal to that of the field product to capture the temperature, pressure and mechanical loads on the specimen, it is advantageous to limit the length for purposes including handling and controlling the size and cost of the evaluation program. It has been observed that the test results can be affected by the specimen length, so the proper selection of specimen length is a key aspect of these evaluation programs. Current test protocols provide the requirement of a minimum unsupported length for allowing the tests to simulate the strain localization condition. On the other hand, if the unsupported length exceeds a critical value, the test specimens may experience lateral buckling, and preventing buckling adds complexity and cost to the test program. No guidelines have been given in the protocols on the maximum pup length requirement for preventing lateral buckling. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of specimen length is warranted in order to achieve more reliable and accurate results from the testing program.
This paper presents an investigation of the effect of specimen length on the structural integrity and sealability of premium connections based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Parametric FEA was completed to determine the impact of specimen length for several sizes of a generic premium connection design under API RP 5C5 (2017) HPHT well and ISO/PAS 12835 (2013) thermal well conditions. Based on the analysis results, recommendations are made to improve and enhance the guidelines for identifying a suitable specimen length for the test component of an evaluation program.
P-PLE: Practical Product Line Qualification
Authors: Hamilton Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Traditional casing connection qualification programs provide confidence in performance, but at a high price. Manufacturer driven evaluations can be overly conservative in order to minimize development costs and allow the results to be applied to a wide range of applications. Evaluations by operators, either independent or in collaboration with manufacturers, can be customized to achieve the minimum amount of risk possible unique to design. Either option may limit the application of the data and can be costly to supplement.
Utilizing prior data to compliment an evaluation will reduce scope, minimizing time and cost, but little formal guidance exists as to how to do this. Workgroups, such as the Product Line Evaluation (PLE) for Thermal Well Connections have created extensive guidance as to how to apply previous work to connection families, yet this remains confidential to the work group. Standards, such as ISO/PAS 12835 formally address the use of previous data in an evaluation, but do not offer guidance as to how to apply it. EVRAZ NA has experience working with clients to develop programs that combine existing data with benchtop/FEA based testing to minimize cost and risk. In this paper, examples of these evaluations will be discussed with the techniques used. This will demonstrate how confidence was built while not only saving time, but critically, cost to achieve an acceptable level of risk.
Single and Multi-Phase Flow Loop Testing for Characterization and Optimization of Flow Control Devices Used in SAGD: The Effect of Viscosity and Gas-to-Liquid Ratio on Tool Performance
Authors: Yusuf Yishak , Roostaei Morteza , Soroush Mohammad , Rosi Giuseppe , Berner Kelly , Tegegne Nathan , Mohammadtabar Farshad , Izadi Hossein , Zhu Da , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Nobes David S. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The design of Flow Control Devices (FCDs) requires performance data of an FCD’s internal nozzle under a wide range of flow scenarios. The current study specifically considers the effect of nozzle diameter and wall profile on the induced pressure loss, and subsequently the recovery performance of an FCD.
For this study, a flow measurement facility is developed to test the performance of different orifice/nozzle geometries. The flow of single- and two-phase fluid at various flow rates and mass fractions, is experimented. The pressure drop data from the experiments is used to produce performance curves that characterize pressure loss across the geometries. The pressure loss for two-phase flows are compared to their single-phase counterparts to characterize the performance of the tested geometries in the two scenarios.
A detailed protocol for performance testing of FCDs is followed as per Advanced Well Equipment Standard (AWES: recommended practice3362). The testing protocol was utilized to characterize the performance of different FCDs geometries under single- and two-phase flow conditions.
The results showed the pressure loss characteristic obtained from the flow loop experiments match the corresponding theories. The study has thus provided promising results for the successful application of direct flow loop testing to obtain reliable data which can be used in FCD design, performance investigation, and reservoir simulation.