bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratified Guarded First-Order Transition Systems
Authors: Müller Christan , Seidl Helmut 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFirst-order transition systems are a convenient formalism to specify parametric systems such as multi-agent workflows or distributed algorithms. In general, any nontrivial question about such systems is undecidable. Here, we present three subclasses of first-order transition systems where every universal invariant can effectively be decided via fixpoint iteration. These subclasses are defined in terms of syntactical restrictions: negation, stratification and guardedness. While guardedness represents a particular pattern how input predicates control existential quantifiers, stratification limits the information flow between predicates. Guardedness implies that the weakest precondition for every universal invariant is again universal, while the remaining sufficient criteria enforce that either the number of first-order variables, or the number of required instances of input predicates remains bounded, or the number of occurring negated literals decreases in every iteration. We argue for each of these three cases that termination of the fixpoint iteration can be guaranteed.
Mal’cev conditions corresponding to identities for compatible reflexive relations
Authors: Fioravanti Stefano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigate Mal’cev conditions described by those equations whose variables runs over the set of all compatible reflexive relations. Let $$p \le q$$

p
≤
q

be an equation for the language $$\{\wedge , \circ ,+\}$$

{
∧
,
∘
,
+
}

. We give a characterization of the class of all varieties which satisfy $$p \le q$$

p
≤
q

over the set of all compatible reflexive relations. The aim is to find an analogon of the Pixley–Wille algorithm for conditions expressed by equations over the set of all compatible reflexive relations, and to characterize when an equation $$p \le q$$

p
≤
q

expresses the same property when considered over the congruence lattices or over the sets of all compatible reflexive relations of algebras in a variety.
Predictors of working days lost due to sickness absence and disability pension
Authors: Shiri Rahman , Hiilamo Aapo , Rahkonen Ossi , Robroek Suzan J. W. , Pietiläinen Olli , Lallukka Tea 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
To identify social and health-related predictors of the number of days lost due to sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) among initially 55-year-old public-sector workers.

Methods
The data from the Finnish Helsinki Health Study included participants aged 55 years at the baseline (in 2000–2002, N = 1630, 81% women), and were enriched with register-based information on SA and DP. The cumulative number of calendar days lost due to SA ≥ 1 day or DP between ages 55 and 65 was calculated. Negative binomial regression model was used to identify the predictors of days lost.

Results
The average calendar days lost was 316 days (about 220 working days) during a 10-year follow-up, and 44% were due to SA and 56% due to DP. Smoking [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.40 for past and IRR = 1.30, CI 1.07–1.58 for current], binge drinking (IRR = 1.22, CI 1.02–1.46), lifting or pulling/pushing heavy loads (IRR = 1.35, CI 1.10–1.65), awkward working positions (IRR = 1.24, CI 1.01–1.53), long-standing illness limiting work or daily activities (IRR = 2.32, CI 1.93–2.79), common mental disorder (IRR = 1.52, CI 1.30–1.79), and multisite pain (IRR = 1.50, CI 1.23–1.84) increased the number of days lost, while high level of education (IRR = 0.66, CI 0.52–0.82) and moderate level of leisure-time physical activity (IRR = 0.80, CI 0.67–0.94) reduced the number of days lost.

Conclusions
Modifiable lifestyle risk factors, workload factors, common mental disorder, and multisite pain substantially increase the number of days lost. However, the findings of this study could be generalized to female workers in the public sector. Future research should also consider shorter SA spells in estimating working years lost and working life expectancy.
Simple monetary rules: many strengths and few weaknesses
Authors: Taylor John B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper endeavors to examine the basic idea in Richard Epstein’s book Simple Rules for a Complex World. It does so by considering a specific simple rule which was explicitly designed for complex world. A basic idea in Epstein’s book is that the more complex is the world the better is the case for simple rules. To show this, he develops six simple rules pertaining to the rights of individuals, first possession, contracts, torts, government eminent domain and the power of taxation to provide public goods. This paper considers one rule rather than six rules, and it looks at monetary policy rather than policy in general. While the context is different, the case for simple rules made here provides a useful comparison with the case made by Epstein.
The circular RNA circSlc7a11 promotes bone cancer pain pathogenesis in rats by modulating LLC-WRC 256 cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Chen Han-Wen , Zhang Xiao-Xia , Peng Zhu-Ding , Xing Zu-Min , Zhang Yi-Wen , Li Ya-Lan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTreatment of bone cancer pain (BCP) caused by bone metastasis in advanced cancers remains a challenge in clinical oncology, and the underlying mechanisms of BCP are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating cancer cell proliferation and BCP development. Eight differentially expressed circRNAs in the rat spinal cord were validated by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. Expression of circRNAs and mRNAs was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. MTS assay and flow cytometry were performed to analyze cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Differentially expressed mRNA profiles were characterized by deep RNA sequencing, hierarchical clustering, and functional categorization. The interactions among circRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were predicted using TargetScan. Additionally, western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of Pax8, Isg15, and Cxcl10. Multiple circRNAs were differentially expressed in the spinal cords of BCP model rats; of these, circSlc7a11 showed the greatest increase in expression. The overexpression of circSlc7a11 significantly promoted cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis of LLC-WRC 256 and UMR-106 cells, whereas circSlc7a11 silencing produced the opposite effects. Altered expression of circSlc7a11 also induced substantial changes in the mRNA expression profiles of LLC-WRC 256 cells; these changes were linked to multiple apoptotic processes and signaling pathways, such as the chemokine signaling pathway, and formed a complex circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network. Additionally, Pax8, Isg15, and Cxc110 protein level in LLC-WRC 256 cells was consistent with the mRNA results. The circRNA circSlc7a11 regulates rat BCP development by modulating LLC-WRC 256 cell proliferation and apoptosis through multiple-signaling mechanisms.
Counting people in the crowd using social media images for crowd management in city events
Authors: Gong V. X. , Daamen W. , Bozzon A. , Hoogendoorn S. P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCity events are getting popular and are attracting a large number of people. This increase needs for methods and tools to provide stakeholders with crowd size information for crowd management purposes. Previous works proposed a large number of methods to count the crowd using different data in various contexts, but no methods proposed using social media images in city events and no datasets exist to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. In this study we investigate how social media images can be used to estimate the crowd size in city events. We construct a social media dataset, compare the effectiveness of face recognition, object recognition, and cascaded methods for crowd size estimation, and investigate the impact of image characteristics on the performance of selected methods. Results show that object recognition based methods, reach the highest accuracy in estimating the crowd size using social media images in city events. We also found that face recognition and object recognition methods are more suitable to estimate the crowd size for social media images which are taken in parallel view, with selfies covering people in full face and in which the persons in the background have the same distance to the camera. However, cascaded methods are more suitable for images taken from top view with gatherings distributed in gradient. The created social media dataset is essential for selecting image characteristics and evaluating the accuracy of people counting methods in an urban event context.
SERENA: Particle Instrument Suite for Determining the Sun-Mercury Interaction from BepiColombo
Authors: Orsini S. , Livi S. A. , Lichtenegger H. , Barabash S. , Milillo A. , De Angelis E. , Phillips M. , Laky G. , Wieser M. , Olivieri A. , Plainaki C. , Ho G. , Killen R. M. , Slavin J. A. , Wurz P. , Berthelier J.-J. , Dandouras I. , Kallio E. , McKenna-Lawlor S. , Szalai S. , Torkar K. , Vaisberg O. , Allegrini F. , Daglis I. A. , Dong C. , Escoubet C. P. , Fatemi S. , Fränz M. , Ivanovski S. , Krupp N. , Lammer H. , Leblanc François , Mangano V. , Mura A. , Nilsson H. , Raines J. M. , Rispoli R. , Sarantos M. , Smith H. T. , Szego K. , Aronica A. , Camozzi F. , Di Lellis A. M. , Fremuth G. , Giner F. , Gurnee R. , Hayes J. , Jeszenszky H. , Tominetti F. , Trantham B. , Balaz J. , Baumjohann W. , Brienza D. , Bührke U. , Bush M. D. , Cantatore M. , Cibella S. , Colasanti L. , Cremonese G. , Cremonesi L. , D’Alessandro M. , Delcourt D. , Delva M. , Desai M. , Fama M. , Ferris M. , Fischer H. , Gaggero A. , Gamborino D. , Garnier P. , Gibson W. C. , Goldstein R. , Grande M. , Grishin V. , Haggerty D. , Holmström M. , Horvath I. , Hsieh K.-C. , Jacques A. , Johnson R. E. , Kazakov A. , Kecskemety K. , Krüger H. , Kürbisch C. , Lazzarotto F. , Leblanc Frederic , Leichtfried M. , Leoni R. , Loose A. , Maschietti D. , Massetti S. , Mattioli F. , Miller G. , Moissenko D. , Morbidini A. , Noschese R. , Nuccilli F. , Nunez C. , Paschalidis N. , Persyn S. , Piazza D. , Oja M. , Ryno J. , Schmidt W. , Scheer J. A. , Shestakov A. , Shuvalov S. , Seki K. , Selci S. , Smith K. , Sordini R. , Svensson J. , Szalai L. , Toublanc D. , Urdiales C. , Varsani A. , Vertolli N. , Wallner R. , Wahlstroem P. , Wilson P. , Zampieri S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury will provide simultaneous measurements from two spacecraft, offering an unprecedented opportunity to investigate magnetospheric and exospheric particle dynamics at Mercury as well as their interactions with solar wind, solar radiation, and interplanetary dust. The particle instrument suite SERENA (Search for Exospheric Refilling and Emitted Natural Abundances) is flying in space on-board the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and is the only instrument for ion and neutral particle detection aboard the MPO. It comprises four independent sensors: ELENA for neutral particle flow detection, Strofio for neutral gas detection, PICAM for planetary ions observations, and MIPA, mostly for solar wind ion measurements. SERENA is managed by a System Control Unit located inside the ELENA box. In the present paper the scientific goals of this suite are described, and then the four units are detailed, as well as their major features and calibration results. Finally, the SERENA operational activities are shown during the orbital path around Mercury, with also some reference to the activities planned during the long cruise phase.
Passive sampler phases for pesticides: evaluation of AttractSPE™ SDB-RPS and HLB versus Empore™ SDB-RPS
Authors: Becker Benjamin , Kochleus Christian , Spira Denise , Möhlenkamp Christel , Bachtin Julia , Meinecke Stefan , Vermeirssen Etiënne L. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, three different passive sampling receiving phases were evaluated, with a main focus on the comparability of established styrene-divinylbenzene reversed phase sulfonated (SDB-RPS) sampling phase from Empore™ (E-RPS) and novel AttractSPE™ (A-RPS). Furthermore, AttractSPE™ hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) disks were tested. To support sampling phase selection for ongoing monitoring needs, it is important to have information on the characteristics of alternative phases. Three sets of passive samplers (days 1–7, days 8–14, and days 1–14) were exposed to a continuously exchanged mixture of creek and rainwater in a stream channel system under controlled conditions. The system was spiked with nine pesticides in two peak scenarios, with log KOW values ranging from approx. − 1 to 5. Three analytes were continuously spiked at a low concentration. All three sampling phases turned out to be suitable for the chosen analytes, and, in general, uptake rates were similar for all three materials, particularly for SDB-RPS phases. Exceptions concerned bentazon, where E-RPS sampled less than 20% compared with the other phases, and nicosulfuron, where HLB sampled noticeably more than both SDB-RPS phases. All three phases will work for environmental monitoring. They are very similar, but differences indicate one cannot just use literature calibration data and transfer these from one SDB phase to another, though for most compounds, it may work fine.
Graphical abstract
Determinants of CO2 emissions generated by air travel vary across reasons for the trip
Authors: Falk Martin Thomas , Hagsten Eva 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study estimates factors of importance for the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions generated by travellers flying for different reasons based on representative Austrian micro data for the period 2014–2016. The annual average number of flights taken by adults vary between 0.1 (visiting friends) and 0.8 (going on holiday), and the amount of CO2e emissions generated by each return flight is approximately 1100 kg. This leads to a total of 6 million tonnes CO2e emissions per year. Results of the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood estimations reveal that the amount of CO2e emissions created is related to socio-demographic, locational and seasonal factors, although mainly for the largest group of travellers: the holiday makers. In this group, individuals with university degrees, young persons (16–24 years) and capital city residents generate the largest amounts of emissions, as opposed to persons with children and large households. Residents of the capital region each quarter cause 64 kg more CO2e emissions than inhabitants of rural areas, persons with university degrees create 74 kg larger emissions than those without degrees and young adults instigate 90 kg more emissions than middle-aged persons. CO2e emissions of holiday flights are highest in the first quarter of the year. The importance of education is also pronounced for CO2e emissions related to business travel, as is gender.
Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Migrations- und Armutserfahrungen: Ein Erklärungsansatz für die intergenerationale Transmission von Armut in Familien mit Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Zölch Janina , Böhnke Petra 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungPersonen mit Migrationshintergrund sind in Deutschland einem stark überdurchschnittlichen Armutsrisiko ausgesetzt. Die häufig diskutierten Ursachen können die Differenz zum Armutsrisiko in der autochthonen Bevölkerung nicht hinreichend erklären. Insbesondere Prozesse der Armutstransmission von Generation zu Generation sind bislang wenig transparent, vor allem im Hinblick auf mögliche Besonderheiten der Migrationserfahrungen im Generationenverbund. Der Beitrag untersucht, wie familiale Lebenslagen und Beziehungen sowie an sie gekoppelte Orientierungsmuster zu einer intergenerationalen Weitergabe von Armut beitragen und welchen Einfluss der Migrationshintergrund darauf ausübt. Dies wird exemplarisch anhand der Rekonstruktion des Falles zweier Angehöriger einer Familie mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund aus zwei Generationen herausgearbeitet, der um Ergebnisse aus dem Gesamtsample der Studie ergänzt wird. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die Benachteiligungserfahrungen aus der Armuts- und Migrationssituation je für sich beschränkend wirken und sich zugleich potenzieren. Dies erschwert die Entwicklung jener alternativen Handlungsmuster, die nötig sind, um der Armutssituation zu entkommen. Als besonders relevant für die Weitergabe von Armut im Generationenverlauf erweisen sich der Umgang der Eltern mit der Migrationsentscheidung und ihre eigenen Migrationserfahrungen.
Die Schizophrenie im Entwurf der ICD-11 und Implikationen für die Beurteilung der Schuldfähigkeit
Authors: Lau Steffen 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Veränderungen zur Klassifizierung schizophrener Psychosen in der Revision der ICD (International Classification of Diseases) gehen nicht mit einer grundsätzlichen Veränderung der bekannten Konzepte einher. Die Beurteilung der psychiatrischen Voraussetzungen der Schuldfähigkeit wird kaum beeinflusst. Die Aufgabe der Subtypen der Schizophrenie ist jedoch möglicherweise mit der Gefahr verbunden, dass die besonderen und individuellen Verläufe bei Betroffenen mit schizophrenen Psychosen in ihrem Variantenreichtum nicht mehr bekannt sein und wahrgenommen werden. Dies ist insbesondere problematisch in Fällen, in denen die psychotische Erkrankung nicht in dem weit verbreiteten und bekannten Phänomen „paranoid-halluzinatorisches Syndrom“ mündet, sondern eher mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten einhergeht oder mit Veränderungen des Affektes, sprich den hebephrenen Verläufen. Die forensische Psychiatrie ist gefordert, das Wissen um solche Verläufe aktiv zu fördern, um jugendliche Straftäter, bei denen Psychopathologie mit „normalen“ Besonderheiten der Entwicklung verschränkt ist, adäquat als im Sinne der §§ 20 und 21 StGB „krankhaft seelisch gestört“ zu identifizieren und ihre sachgerechte forensisch-psychiatrische Beurteilung zu gewährleisten.
Do you hear what you see? Utilizing phonocardiography to enhance proficiency in cardiac auscultation
Authors: Watsjold Bjorn , Ilgen Jonathan , Monteiro Sandra , Sibbald Matthew , Goldberger Zachary D. , Thompson W. Reid , Norman Geoff 
Published: January 2021

Introduction Cardiac auscultation skills have proven difficult to train and maintain. The authors investigated whether using phonocardiograms as visual adjuncts to audio cases improved first-year medical students’ cardiac auscultation performance.
Methods The authors randomized 135 first-year medical students using an email referral link in 2018 and 2019 to train using audio-only cases (audio group) or audio with phonocardiogram tracings (combined group). Training included 7 cases with normal and abnormal auscultation findings. The assessment included feature identification and diagnostic accuracy using 14 audio-only cases, 7 presented during training, and 7 alternate versions of the same diagnoses. The assessment—administered immediately after training and repeated 7 days later—prompted participants to identify the key features and diagnoses for 14 audio-only cases. Key feature scores and diagnostic accuracy were compared between groups using repeated measures ANOVA.
Results Mean key feature scores were statistically significantly higher in the combined group (70%, 95% CI 67–75%) compared to the audio group (61%, 95% CI 56–66%) (F(1,116) = 6.144, p = 0.015, d s  = 0.45). Similarly, mean diagnostic accuracy in the combined group (68%, 95% CI 62–73%) was significantly higher than the audio group, although with small effect size (59%, 95% CI 54–65%) (F(1,116) = 4.548, p = 0.035, d s  = 0.40). Time on task for the assessment and prior auscultation experience did not significantly impact performance on either measure.
Discussion The addition of phonocardiograms to supplement cardiac auscultation training improves diagnostic accuracy and heart sound feature identification amongst novice students compared to training with audio alone.
Computing the nonabelian tensor squares of groups of order $$\pmb {p^3q}$$
Authors: Kalteh O. , Jafari S. Hadi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the explicit structures of nonabelian tensor squares of nonabelian groups of order $$p^3q$$

p
3

q

, where p and q are distinct prime numbers and $$p>2$$

p
>
2

. Our method is based on determining the structures of their Schur multipliers by applying some well-known results and the presentations of groups, which leads us to obtain the orders of their nonabelian tensor squares.
Molecular and morphological revision of small Myotinae from the Himalayas shed new light on the poorly known genus Submyotodon (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Ruedi Manuel , Saikia Uttam , Thabah Adora , Görföl Tamás , Thapa Sanjan , Csorba Gábor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe systematics status of the constituent species of theM. mystacinusmorphogroup in the Himalayan region has long been marred by uncertainty. Lack of integrative studies combining morphological and genetic data from specimens recently collected in this region has hampered our understanding of cryptic variations in this complex taxonomic group. To address this issue, new material from the Himalayan region of India and Nepal was obtained and vouchered specimens in the holdings of various museums were also re-examined. As comparative material, a large series of relevant specimens from South and Southeast Asia were also included in this revision. Using a combination of multivariate analysis of craniodental characters and molecular reconstructions, we critically evaluated the systematic position of the small Myotinae in the Himalayas. We establish thatM. nipalensisforms a very distinct lineage (which also includes the recently describedM. annatessae) and refute previous taxonomic suggestions that it is related toM. davidii. Our study also conclusively proved the common occurrence of the poorly known genusSubmyotodonin the Himalayan region (Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and China) and evidenced species-level divergences within that genus.Submyotodonspecies share nyctalodont or semi-nyctalodont lower molar configuration with few other small and unrelated Myotinae from Asia suggesting that these unusual dental characters are homoplasious in this subfamily. We also noticed a very confused taxonomic situation associated with many DNA sequences of AsianMyotisdeposited in public repositories and call for possibilities of better data curation.
COVID-19’s Impact on Farmers Market Sales in the Washington, D.C., Area
Authors: O’Hara Jeffrey K. , Woods Timothy A. , Dutton Nony , Stavely Nick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe use a sales database of farmers market vendors in the Washington, D.C., area to estimate how first half 2020 sales were impacted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. We use 2019 data as a counterfactual for sales that would have occurred in 2020 in the absence of COVID-19. For neighborhood weekend markets that were able to remain open during the pandemic, the change in 2020 average sales between the winter and spring is between 75% and 79% lower than in 2019. Other farmers markets, particularly weekday markets in business districts, experienced delayed openings or were closed for the entire year.