bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A short course in visual literacy can improve residents' observation and descriptive skills in cytopathology
Authors: Brenner J , Wintjes J , Moch S , Michelow P 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVisual literacy is an essential skill in Anatomical Pathology. However, there appears to be a dearth of literature that engages explicitly with how to teach or learn visual skills with respect to Anatomical Pathology residents. Using a variety of modalities, with a focus on practical arts‐based methodologies, three‐two hour workshops were designed to explore the complexity of precise observation and structured description. This intervention was based on the hypothesis that cytopathology and analyzing an artwork share a language and set of formal processes. Evaluation of the workshops was both quantitative and qualitative. The former assessed pre‐ and post‐workshop descriptions of cytology images and artworks while the latter was in the form of a focus group. An actual improvement in both cytopathology and artwork description was demonstrated while the focus group discussion revealed the majority of residents considered the workshops as having a positive impact on the observation and description skills required in Anatomical Pathology. Some felt the purpose and approach of these workshops was not made explicit enough. Thematic analysis of the focus group showed robust discussion regarding who should conduct these workshops and when they should be conducted in resident training. Unanticipated benefits of the workshops such as personal creativity and pleasure formed a significant theme that requires serious consideration. Introducing visual literacy workshops into residency training appears to be valuable and improved observation and description skills in cytopathology. The focus group discussion will be used to improve on this first set of workshops.
Intermediary asset pricing in currency carry trade returns
Authors: Yin Libo , Nie Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how intermediary capital risk (ICR) is priced in currency carry trades. In both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample settings, ICR holds strong explanatory power for time‐series currency returns. ICR is also a key driver of currency returns with a positive risk price in the cross section, suggesting that financial intermediaries are marginal investors in currency markets. We find an asymmetric effect of ICR, with currencies being more sensitive to negative ICR. Moreover, heterogeneity of ICR is significant only for emerging economies, and the economic channel for the relationship stems from the influence of ICR on intermediary risk aversion.
Comparison of plastic stent versus metal stent in preoperative biliary drainage for pancreatic head cancer with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kobayashi Kiyoyuki , Kobara Hideki , Kamada Hideki , Kohno Toshiaki , Namima Daisuke , Fujita Naoki , Yamana Hiroki , Fujihara Shintaro , Okano Keiichi , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) for pancreatic head cancer are effective, preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) is necessary for managing obstructive jaundice and cholangitis during the preoperative waiting period. Nevertheless, ideal choice of stent type is unclear. We compared plastic stents (PS) and metal stents (MS) in these situations.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 43 patients who successfully underwent preoperative EBD prior to NACRT for pancreatic head cancer at a single institution. We divided patients into PS (n = 22) and MS (n = 21) groups. The primary outcome was the rate of re‐interventional drainage rate before surgery. Secondary outcomes were rates of EBD‐associated and postoperative complications and total costs in the pre‐ and perioperative periods.ResultsThe re‐intervention rate was significantly greater in the PS group than in the MS group (95% vs 4.8%, respectively, P < 0.05). EBD‐associated and postoperative complications were significantly less common in the MS group (P < 0.05). The average total preoperative medical costs were significantly lower in the MS group (PS vs MS: 528,597 vs 395,891 JPY, P = 0.004).ConclusionsMS can be the first choice for EBD in patients undergoing NACRT for pancreatic head cancer. MS may be less costly overall.
Investigation on the effect of three isoflavones on the fibrillation of hen egg‐white lysozyme
Authors: Zeng Hua‐jin , Wang Sha‐sha , Sun Li‐jun , Miao Min , Yang Ran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of three isoflavones including daidzein, genistein, and puerarin on fibrillation of hen egg‐white lysozyme were investigated by various analytical methods. The results demonstrated that all isoflavones could effectively inhibit the fibrillogenesis of hen egg‐white lysozyme and destabilized the preformed fibrils of hen egg‐white lysozyme in a dose‐dependent manner. To further understand the inhibition mechanism, molecular modeling was carried out. The docking results demonstrated that the isoflavones could bind to two key fibrogenic sites in hen egg‐white lysozyme through van der Waals force, electrostatic forces, and hydrogen bonding, as well as σ‐π stacking. By these means, isoflavones could not only obviously enhance the hydrophobicity of the binding sites, but also greatly stabilize the native state of HEWL, which was able to postpone the fibrosis process of hen egg‐white lysozyme.
Variation in the analytical figure of merit for in situ Hf isotopic measurements by LA‐MC‐ICPMS in zircon standards at variable spatial resolutions
Authors: Singhal Saurabh , Singh Sandeep , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLu–Hf isotopic systematics is a powerful tool and gained importance as a geochemical tracer in geosciences. A multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer coupled with a laser ablation system has been used to perform zircon hafnium (Hf) isotopic analysis, and protocol is established for measurement of Hf isotopes. Toward this, two zircon standards, Z91500 and Plesovice, have been used for Hf isotopic measurements at four different spot sizes (50, 40, 25, and 20 μm). The isotopic data for ≥25 μm have an excellent agreement with published data, but for 20 μm, the results are erroneous and irrelevant to geological application. It has been observed that Hf beam intensity has a linear relation to the volume of the target (RM) ablated. 178Hf/177Hf ratio and ɛHf for both standards are comparable with the published recommended values. The present study indicates that 176Lu/177Hf ratio for Z91500 is more homogeneous than Plesovice zircon. The 176Hf/177Hf isotopic ratio for 50 and 25 μm shows an excellent agreement with the previously reported data. However, for 40‐μm spot size, a slightly higher but negative offset of −123 and −105 ppm in 176Hf/177Hf ratio have been observed for Plesovice and 91500, respectively.
Modelling the effect of changing transplanting date on consumptive water footprints for paddy under the system of rice intensification
Authors: Biswas Amit , Mailapalli Damodhara R , Raghuwanshi Narendra S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsumptive water footprint (CWF) is a comprehensive measure of water consumption by paddy and can be used to assess the impact on freshwater volume. The seasonal water consumption and water footprints of paddy under any irrigation practice vary with changing the transplanting dates. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of shifting transplanting dates on CWFs of paddy under the system of rice intensification (SRI) using a crop model. A medium‐duration variety (IR‐36) was cultivated during kharif (monsoon) and rabi (non‐monsoon) seasons of 2015/16 and 2016/17. The field data were used to calibrate and validate the crop model, Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM)‐Oryza, as well as simulate paddy yield, evapotranspiration and consumptive water footprints (CWFs) under different transplanting dates.RESULTSThe APSIM‐Oryza simulated grain yield was found to be closely matched with the observed yield during both calibration (r2 = 0.98, root‐mean‐square error < 300 kg ha−1) and validation (r2 = 0.88, root‐mean‐square error < 400 kg ha−1). The seasonal water savings in SRI practice was 18–21% compared to conventional, with an effect of a 20–30% improvement in the yield. The early transplanting on 1 July in kharif and 15 December in rabi can produce maximum grain yields of 4.55 and 5.15 t ha−1, respectively, with a minimum CWF of 1064 and 855 m3 t−1 under SRI for the study region.CONCLUSIONThe comparison of yield and CWF scenarios under different transplanting dates revealed the superiority of early transplanting in terms of yield improvement with the least irrigation requirement and CWF under SRI. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multicenter Study of Congenital Middle Ear Anomalies. Report on 246 Ears
Authors: Ito Tsukasa , Furukawa Takatoshi , Ohshima Shinsuke , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Takata Yusuke , Furukawa Masayuki , Hiraumi Harukazu , Yamauchi Daisuke , Yuasa Yu , Goto Shinichi , Sasaki Akira , Koizumi Koh , Otsuki Koshi , Imaizumi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: March 2021

Objectives/HypothesisCongenital middle ear anomalies represent a relatively rare condition. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and the surgical outcomes for patients with middle ear anomalies.MethodsA multicenter study was conducted of consecutive patients with congenital middle ear anomalies who underwent primary surgical treatment between January 2008 and December 2017. Demographics, surgical procedures, and audiometric data were registered into the institutional database. Hearing changes and postoperative air‐bone gap (ABG) were evaluated 1 year after surgery.ResultsA total of 246 patients (246 ears) (median age: 14 years, range: 4–75 years old) were included in this study. Anomalies were subdivided using the Teunissen and Cremers classification: 53 ears (22%) were categorized as class I, comprising only stapes ankylosis; 35 ears (14%) as class II, having ossicular chain anomalies with stapes ankylosis; 139 ears (57%) as class III, having ossicular chain anomalies with a mobile stapes‐footplate; and 19 ears (8%) as class IV, with aplasia of the oval window. Evaluation of hearing outcomes for 198 ears with more than 1 year of follow‐up revealed that good postoperative ABG (≤20 dB) was achieved in 82% of class I, 68% of class II, 74% of class III, and 23% of class IV anomalies. The postoperative ABG in class IV was significantly worse than in class I (P < .001) or class III (P < .01).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that class III anomalies comprised the majority of middle ear anomalies and surgical outcomes for class IV anomalies are unfavorable.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2323–E2328, 2021
Chemiewettbewerbe: Aus Osaka keine Neuigkeiten
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDie Teilnehmer der internationalen Chemieolympiade blieben im letzten Jahr zu Hause und schrieben eine Klausur, anstatt sich in Istanbul mit Chemiebegeisterten zu messen. Ähnlich erging es Teilnehmern anderer Wettbewerbe, und die Organisatoren mussten umdenken.
CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol on ZnO/ZrO2 Catalysts: Effects of Zirconia Phase
Authors: Lin Lili , Wang Guihui , Zhao Fuzhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZnO/ZrO2 samples were obtained by impregnation ZnO on three different ZrO2 polymorphic phases: monoclinic, tetrahedral and amorphous. The catalysts were tested for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol and the structure was determined using nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) pyridine adsorption, hydrogen temperature‐programmed desorption (H2‐TPD), CO2‐TPD and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the ZnO/tm‐ZrO2‐500 catalyst, with a mixture of both tetrahedral and monoclinic ZrO2 phases, had the highest CH3OH yield among all the samples. The yield of methanol is correlated to the lattice oxygen content for all the catalysts. During the reaction, formate and methoxy species seemed to be the active intermediate species.
Visible‐Light Driven Ni‐Incorporated CdS Photocatalytic Activities for Azo‐Bond Cleavages with Hydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Abdullah Hairus , Siburian Rikson , Pasaribu Subur P. , Panggabean Aman S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNi‐incorporated CdS (Ni‐CdS) photocatalysts with different amounts of Ni dopant have been synthesized, characterized, and examined toward azo‐bond cleavages in visible‐light illuminated conditions. The optimum performance was achieved with a relatively low amount of Ni dopant (2 % atomic mass). The azo bonds of azobenzene (AB) and methyl orange (MO) compounds were hydrogenated with the in‐situ generated hydrogen on Ni‐CdS catalyst surfaces. The hydrogen evolution reaction was proved and measured with GC measurement during the photocatalytic session with an incandescent halogen lamp. Furthermore, the experimental data of UV‐vis spectra analyses suggested the formation of aniline or sodium sulfanilate and p‐aminodimethylaniline with the emerged peaks at ∼240 nm, indicating azo‐bond has been cleaved in AB or MO compounds, respectively. The catalytic performances of 2 % Ni‐CdS are also supported with electrical and photoresponse analyses. To demonstrate the possibility of industrial application, Ni‐CdS catalyst stability is also tested for several runs in reusability experiments and examined with cyclic voltammetry for 100 cycles without any significant degradation. The cleavage mechanisms of azo bonds in AB and MO compounds were discussed and proposed in this work.
Green Approach for Preparation of New Hybrids of 5‐Substituted‐1H‐Tetrazoles Using Novel Recyclable Nanocatalyst based on Copper(II) Anchored onto Glucosamine Grafted to Fe3O4@SiO2
Authors: Eslahi Hassan , Reza Sardarian Ali , Esmaeilpour Mohsen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe novel copper(II) ions decorated Fe3O4@SiO2 composite magnetic spheres were synthesized by grafting copper(II) ions onto glucosamine modified Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs. The magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2−TCT−GA−Cu(II) catalyst were characterized by varies physicochemical techniques such as FT‐IR, FE‐SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD, EDX, VSM, TGA, VSM, ICP, and UV‐Vis. The catalytic performance of this novel catalyst was studied in the green preparation of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazole based hybrids via three‐component and one‐pot reaction of sodium azide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and various aldehydes in water and ethylene glycol, as a green solvent mixture. This green protocol provides significant advantages such as non‐vigorous conditions, short reaction times, outstanding yield of desired tetrazoles, minimizing of chemical waste, wide‐ranging substrate, quick and efficient work‐up procedure and using environmentally benign, durable, cost effective, magnetically separable, reusable nanocatalyst.
Detection of Melamine by Using Fluorescent Nanocomposites with Specific Recognition Sites
Authors: Üzek Recep , Sari Esma , Denizli Adil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the novel nanocomposite was prepared by the coating of the semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with the molecularly imprinted shell by mini‐emulsion polymerization to form the specific recognition sites on the surface for the detection of melamine. After the characterization of nanocomposites, the detection performance of the nanosensor was investigated by fluorescence measurements in aqueous solutions and milk samples. The aqueous solutions of melamine were used for the detection of melamine and the optimum conditions were determined as pH 5.0, melamine concentration (100 ppm), interaction time (6 min), and temperature (40 °C). The competitor molecules such as aniline, phenol, and cyanuric acid were used to determine the selectivity of the quantum dot‐based nanosensor system. The limit of detection (LOD) was obtained as 0.14±0.08 ppm. The reusability performance was investigated for 20 cycles by using the same nanocomposites and relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the nanosensor system were calculated as 11 % after 20 recycles. According to the results, the nanosensor system has shown that it is a favorable alternative to existing systems for the melamine detection.
Experimental study of the seismic behavior of obliquely loaded concrete columns reinforced with high‐strength steel bars
Authors: Liu Chunyang , Yu Guixin , Li Fei , Guo Changqun , Fan Xisen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to further study the seismic behavior and working performance improvement path of reinforced concrete columns under oblique earthquake action, seven concrete columns with HTRB630 steel bars were designed. The loading direction axial compression ratio and column end restrained pattern were chosen as the main design parameters. The low cyclic reversed load test has been carried out on understanding the seismic performance of the specimen. Based on the test study, the characteristics including the failure mode, hysteresis loops behavior, carrying capacity, ductility, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation ability were demonstrated. The results show that under the axial compression ratio of 0.6, the compressive carrying capacity and deformation capacity in 45 degree direction was about 82% and 78% of that in the principal axis direction, respectively. The load carrying capacity and deformation capacity in 45 degree direction under the axial compression ratio of 1.0 can be significantly improved by using steel plate mesh and carbon fiber cloth restrained manner. It is necessary to further study the effective measures to improve the restrained degree on damage development of inner concrete for the local area grid restrained manner. A method for calculating the normal‐section flexural capacity of a column based on the equivalence principle was also developed, and its results were found to be consistent with those of the tests.
The effect of parked wind turbines on wind flow and turbulence over a complex terrain
Authors: Kozmar Hrvoje , Bartoli Gianni , Borri Claudio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWind‐tunnel experiments were performed to study the wind characteristics on a parked wind turbine downwind of three types of hill and over a flat terrain. The focus of the study is on comparing wind characteristics on (a) a wind turbine standing alone and (b) this same type of wind turbine embedded in a wind farm. Particular emphasis is placed on the hill size and shape and the distance between the hill and the wind farm. The hill and wind‐farm models were subjected to an atmospheric boundary layer simulation to create realistic atmospheric conditions. Flow and turbulence were analyzed based on the measured mean flow velocity, Reynolds shear stress, turbulence intensity, and the power spectral density of velocity fluctuations. The experimental results reveal similar trends concerning (a) the wind characteristics obtained on a parked wind turbine embedded in a wind farm downwind of hills of various sizes and shapes and (b) the wind characteristics on this same type of parked wind turbine standing alone in the same position downwind of the same hills. In particular, the discrepancies in the mean flow velocity and turbulence intensity between these test cases are mostly below 5%, thus indicating that a complex terrain clearly has a dominant effect on the wind characteristics, while the effects of parked wind turbines on the wind characteristics are negligible. This important finding indicates that the structural loading of parked wind turbines situated on a complex terrain may be well calculated using the same procedures both for wind turbines standing alone and wind turbines embedded in wind farms if they are both placed at the same distance downwind of the same hills.
Die Universitätsmedizin in Bayern im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Dommasch M. , Zimmermann M. , Kanz K.-G. , Spinner C. D. 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Anfang 2020 wurde deutschlandweit das Gesundheitswesen bedingt durch die coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Pandemie auf einen Notbetrieb umgestellt. In Bayern wurde durch das zuständige Innen- und Gesundheitsministerium zu Beginn der ersten Welle eine Allgemeinverfügung erlassen, in der unter anderem die Organisation der Krankenhausbelegung, Neukonzeption der Informationstechnologie(IT)-Steuerung und Meldepflichten angeordnet wurden. Ziel dieser Auswertung war es, die Bedeutung der universitären Medizin für die stationäre Behandlung von COVID-19-Patienten in Bayern zu untersuchen.

Methoden
Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung aller stationär behandelten COVID-19-Patienten, die über das Modul IVENA Sonderlage (IVENA eHealth, [IVENA, interdisziplinärer Versorgungsnachweis, mainis IT-Service GmbH, Offenbach am Main, Deutschland]) gemeldet wurden. Hierbei wurden die gemeldeten Behandlungstage aller bayerischen Kliniken, die an der Versorgung von COVID-19-Patienten teilgenommen haben, ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Im Rahmen der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden 90,9 % der Behandlungstage von kommunalen und öffentlichen sowie privaten Krankenhäusern in Bayern bereitgestellt. Neben der medizinischen Versorgung von COVID-19-Patienten mit komplexen Verläufen (20 % der Intensivstations[ICU]- und Intermediate-care-Stations [IMC]-Behandlungstage) leistete die Universitätsmedizin in Bayern mit ihren Kliniken einen relevanten wissenschaftlichen Beitrag und war wesentlich an der Beratung von Ärzten, Krankenhäusern und Politik zur Pandemie beteiligt.
SMEs with legally restricted banking access: evidence from the US marijuana industry
Authors: Merz Markus , Riepe Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how legally restricted access to banking services affects small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a highly developed country. Using a mixed-method approach, we examine the unique situation of the US marijuana industry. The industry benefits from the superior institutional environment in terms of legal protection and the labor market of the United States. However, due to conflicting state and federal laws it has no legal access to banking. We find significant value effects around three major events that affected future access to banking. These results indicate that banking access remains desirable for the marijuana industry. A survey taken by marijuana SMEs provides insights into what banking services are considered most valuable. We find that marijuana SMEs have problems to obtain financing and handle their transactions largely in cash, resulting in transaction inefficiency and high security concerns. Thereby, we shed light on the value of banks for SMEs in developed countries. We complement the literature on financial transaction services by highlighting the value for SMEs in developed markets.
A Prospective Observational Study to Determine Rate of Thromboprophylaxis in Oncology Patients Undergoing Abdominal or Pelvic Surgery
Authors: Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Verma Manish 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in patients with cancer and is a leading cause of death. In addition to the hypercoagulable state associated with malignancy, cancer-related surgery and subsequent immobilization further increase the risk of VTE. Guidelines suggest extended prophylaxis up to 4 weeks with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in such patients. This study is conducted to determine the proportion of patients receiving thromboprophylaxis among those undergoing surgery for malignant abdominal or pelvic tumor. This prospective, multicenter, observational study included 300 patients (217 [72.3%] were women). Mean age and duration of cancer were 53.2 and 1.2 years, respectively. A total of 162 (54%) patients received thromboprophylaxis of which only pharmacological in 78 [48.1%], only mechanical in 27 [16.7%], and both pharmacological and mechanical in 57 [35.2%] patients. LMWH (128, 79.0%) and graduated compression stockings (74, 45.7%) were the commonly used modalities. VTE prophylaxis was given in only half of the patients. Physician education to increase adherence to international guidelines is very important. Trial Registration No. CTRI/2013/05/003617.