bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially explicit analyses of environmental and health data to determine past, emerging and future threats to child health
Authors: Le Souëf Peter N , Saraswati Chitra M , Judge Melinda , Bradshaw Corey JA 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundDire forecasts predict that an increasingly hostile environment globally will increase the threats to human health. Infants and young children are especially at risk because children are particularly vulnerable to climate‐related stressors. The childhood diseases most affected, the breadth and magnitude of future health problems and the time frame over which these problems will manifest remain largely unknown.ObjectivesTo review the possibility that spacially explicit analyses can be used to determine how climate change has affected children's health to date and whether these analyses can be used for future projections.MethodsAs an example of whether these objectives can be achieved, all available Australian environmental and health databases were reviewed.ResultsEnvironmental and health data in Australia have been collected for up to 30 years for the same spatial areas at ‘Statistical Area level 1’ (SA1) scale. SA1s are defined as having a population of between 200 and 800 people and collectively they cover the whole of Australia without gaps or overlap. Although the SA1 environmental and health data have been collected separately, they can be merged to allow detailed statistical analyses that can determine how climate change has affected the health of children.ConclusionsThe availability of environmental and health datasets that share the same precise spatial coordinates provides a pathway whereby past and emerging effects on child health can be measured and predicted into the future. Given that the future health and well‐being of children is one of society's greatest concerns, this information is urgently needed.
Safety of torasemide in healthy adult dogs administered daily for 26 weeks
Authors: Coussanes Evelyne , Guillot Emilie , Magnier Reynald , Geneteau Anne , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThirty‐two (16 males and 16 females) healthy young beagles were randomly divided into four groups of eight. The control group remained untreated. Torasemide (ISEMID®, Ceva Santé Animale) was orally administered, once daily, at 0.5 mg/kg from Days 1–5 then 0.25 mg/kg to Day 182, and at three times and five times this dosing regimen in two additional groups. Treated animals (predominantly at the higher dose levels) showed dryness of the oral mucosa, evidence of diuresis, decreased diet consumption, decreased bodyweight gain over the first 3 weeks, increased water consumption, increases in erythrocytes count, haemoglobin, calcium and magnesium, decrease in chloride, phosphorus, potassium and sodium, increases in urine pH, decreases in urine specific gravity and increases in serum aldosterone concentrations. Plasma concentrations of torasemide increased in a dose‐dependent manner and showed no evidence of accumulation. There were also changes to electrocardiogram patterns and the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the kidney and adrenal glands, but these changes were almost exclusively confined to the over‐dosed groups. In conclusion, torasemide was found to be safe when administered to dogs at 0.25 mg/kg once daily for 26 weeks, and any changes were consistent with its known diuretic effects.
Precise indoor localization with 3D facility scan data
Authors: Xia Jiahao , Gong Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVisual indoor localization for smart indoor services is a growing field of interest as cameras are now ubiquitously equipped on smartphones. In this study, a hierarchical indoor localization algorithm is designed and validated based on 3D facility scan data, which are originally collected for facility modeling purposes. The study has shown promising results in indoor localization. The study also demonstrated a scalable approach to generate high‐quality images with reference poses from laser scan data, opening doors to generate labeled images to train end‐to‐end pose regression model (i.e., PoseNet). In this regard, this study is the first attempt to leverage facility scan data, which are commonly collected for Building Information Modeling (BIM) purpose, for indoor localization. As more facilities are documented with laser scanners, our algorithm can unlock additional values of collected data for intelligent applications.
Potato virus X: A global potato‐infecting virus and type member of thePotexvirusgenus
Authors: Verchot Jeanmarie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTaxonomyPotato virus Xis the type‐member of the plant‐infectingPotexvirusgenus in the familyAlphaflexiviridae.Physical propertiesPotato virus X (PVX) virions are flexuous filaments 460–480 nm in length. Virions are 13 nm in diameter and have a helical pitch of 3.4 nm. The genome is approximately 6.4 kb with a 5′ cap and 3′ poly(A) terminus. PVX contains five open reading frames, four of which are essential for cell‐to‐cell and systemic movement. One protein encodes the viral replicase. Cellular inclusions, known as X‐bodies, occur near the nucleus of virus‐infected cells.HostsThe primary host is potato, but it infects a wide range of dicots. Diagnostic hosts includeDatura stramoniumandNicotiana tabacum. PVX is transmitted in nature by mechanical contact.Useful websitehttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv‐reports/ictv_online_report/positive‐sense‐rna‐viruses/w/alphaflexiviridae/1330/genus‐potexvirus
Noncoding RNAs: biology and applications—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Heard Edith , Hirose Tetsuro , Prasanth Kannanganattu V. , Chen Ling‐Ling , Henninger Jonathan E. , Quinodoz Sofia A. , Spector David L. , Diermeier Sarah D. , Porman Allison M. , Kumar Dhiraj , Feinberg Mark W. , Shen Xiaohua , Unfried Juan Pablo , Johnson Rory , Chen Chun‐Kan , Wilusz Jeremy E. , Lempradl Adelheid , McGeary Sean E. , Wahba Lamia , Pyle Anna Marie , Hargrove Amanda E. , Simon Matthew D. , Marcia Marco , Przanowska Róża K. , Chang Howard Y. , Jaffrey Samie R. , Contreras Lydia M. , Chen Qi , Shi Junchao , Mendell Joshua T. , He Lin , Song Erwei , Rinn John L. , Lalwani Mukesh Kumar , Kalem Murat Can , Chuong Edward B. , Maquat Lynne E. , Liu Xuhang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe human transcriptome contains many types of noncoding RNAs, which rival the number of protein‐coding species. From long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are over 200 nucleotides long to piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) of only 20 nucleotides, noncoding RNAs play important roles in regulating transcription, epigenetic modifications, translation, and cell signaling. Roles for noncoding RNAs in disease mechanisms are also being uncovered, and several species have been identified as potential drug targets. On May 11–14, 2021, the Keystone eSymposium “Noncoding RNAs: Biology and Applications” brought together researchers working in RNA biology, structure, and technologies to accelerate both the understanding of RNA basic biology and the translation of those findings into clinical applications.
Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery
Authors: Bai He , Wang Rui , Wang Qiu , Xia Guang‐ming , Xue Yuan , Dai Yu , Zhang Jian‐xun 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the real‐time sensitive feedback parameter of the motor bur milling state in cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, to possibly improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression and robot‐assisted spinal surgeries.MethodsIn this study, the cervical spine of three healthy male and three healthy female pigs were randomly selected. Six porcine cervical spine specimens were fixed to the vibration isolation system. The milling state of the motor bur was defined as the lamina cancellous bone (CA), lamina ventral corticalbone (VCO), and penetrating ventral cortical bone (PVCO). A 5‐mm bur milled the CA and VCO, and a 2‐mm bur milled the VCO and PVCO. A miniature microphone was used to collect the sound signal (SS) of milling lamina which was then extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). When using 5‐mm and 2‐mm bur to mill, the CA, VCO, and PVCO of each specimen were continuously collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 kHz frequencies for SS magnitudes. The study randomly selected the SS magnitudes of the CA and VCO continuously for 2 s at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kHz frequencies for statistical analyses. When milling the VCO to the PVCO, we randomly collected the SS magnitudes of the VCO for consecutive 2 s and the SS magnitudes of continuous 2 s in the penetrating state at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kHz frequencies for statistical analyses. The independent sample t‐test was used to compare the SS magnitudes of different milling states extracted from the FFT to determine the motor bur milling state.ResultsThe SS magnitudes of the CA and VCO of all specimens extracted from the FFT at 1, 2, and 3 kHz were statistically different (P < 0.01); three specimens were not statistically different at a specific FFT‐extracted frequency (first specimen at 5 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [25.94 ± 8.74] × 10−3, SS magnitudes of the VCO were [28.67 ± 12.94] × 10−3, P = 0.440; second specimen at 4 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [23.79 ± 7.94] × 10−3, SS magnitudes of the VCO were [24.78 ± 4.32] × 10−3, P = 0.629; and third specimen at 5 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [16.76 ± 6.20] × 10−3, SS magnitudes of the VCO were [17.69 ± 6.44] × 10−3, P = 0.643).The SS magnitudes of the VCO and PVCO of all the specimens extracted from the FFT at each frequency were statistically different (P < 0.001).ConclusionsBased on the FFT extraction, the SS magnitudes of the motor bur milling state between the CA and VCO, the VCO and PVCO were significantly different, confirming that the SS is a potential sensitive feedback parameter for identifying the motor bur milling state. This study could improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, especially of robot‐assisted surgeries.
Outcomes of supraventricular tachycardia ablation: Results from the Singapore ablation and cardiac devices registry
Authors: Tan Eugene S.J. , Chan Siew Pang , Seow Swee‐Chong , Teo Wee Siong , Ching Chi Keong , Chong Daniel T.T. , Tan Vern Hsen , Chia Pow‐Li , Foo David C.G. , Kojodjojo Pipin ,   HRAS investigators
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Singapore Cardiac Databank was designed to monitor the performance and outcomes of catheter ablation. We investigated the outcomes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)‐ablation in a prospective, nationwide, cohort study.MethodsAtrioventricular nodal re‐entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular re‐entry tachycardia (AVRT), or atrial tachycardia (AT)‐ablations in Singapore from 2010 to 2018 were studied. Outcomes include acute success, periprocedural‐complications, postoperative pacing requirement, arrhythmic recurrence and 1‐year all‐cause mortality.ResultsAmong 2260 patients (mean age 45 ± 18 years, 50% female, 57% AVNRT, 37% AVRT, 6% AT), overall acute success rates of PSVT‐ablation was 98.4% and increased in order of AT, AVRT, and AVNRT (p < .001). Periprocedural cardiac tamponade occurred in two AVRT patients. A total of 15 pacemakers (6 within first 30‐days, 9 after 30‐days) were implanted (seven AV block, eight sinus node dysfunction [SND]), with the highest incidence of pacemaker implantation after AT‐ablation (5% vs. 0.6% AVNRT vs. 0.1% AVRT, p < .001). Repeat ablations (0.9% AVNRT, 7% AVRT, 4% AT, p < .001) were performed in 78 (3.5%) patients and 13 (0.6%) patients died within a year of ablation. Among outcomes considered adjusting for age, sex, PSVT‐type and procedure‐time, AT was independently associated with 6‐fold increased odds of total (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95–20.53) and late (AOR 6.38, 95% CI 1.39–29.29) pacemaker implantation, while AVRT was associated with higher arrhythmic recurrence with repeat ablations (AOR 4.72, 95% CI 2.36–9.44) compared to AVNRT.ConclusionsContemporary PSVT ablation is safe with high acute success rates. Long‐term outcomes differed by nature of the PSVT.
Detecting impaired language processing in patients with mild cognitive impairment using around‐the‐ear cEEgrid electrodes
Authors: Segaert K. , Poulisse C. , Markiewicz R. , Wheeldon L. , Marchment D. , Adler Z. , Howett D. , Chan D. , Mazaheri A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the term used to identify those individuals with subjective and objective cognitive decline but with preserved activities of daily living and an absence of dementia. Although MCI can impact functioning in different cognitive domains, most notably episodic memory, relatively little is known about the comprehension of language in MCI. In this study, we used around‐the‐ear electrodes (cEEGrids) to identify impairments during language comprehension in patients with MCI. In a group of 23 patients with MCI and 23 age‐matched controls, language comprehension was tested in a two‐word phrase paradigm. We examined the oscillatory changes following word onset as a function of lexico‐semantic single‐word retrieval (e.g., swrfeq vs. swift) and multiword binding processes (e.g., horse preceded by swift vs. preceded by swrfeq). Electrophysiological signatures (as measured by the cEEGrids) were significantly different between patients with MCI and controls. In controls, lexical retrieval was associated with a rebound in the alpha/beta range, and binding was associated with a post‐word alpha/beta suppression. In contrast, both the single‐word retrieval and multiword binding signatures were absent in the MCI group. The signatures observed using cEEGrids in controls were comparable with those signatures obtained with a full‐cap EEG setup. Importantly, our findings suggest that patients with MCI have impaired electrophysiological signatures for comprehending single words and multiword phrases. Moreover, cEEGrid setups provide a noninvasive and sensitive clinical tool for detecting early impairments in language comprehension in MCI.
Can contingency rehearsal during the interval between a retrieval cue and extinction training change the effects of post‐retrieval extinction?
Authors: Zuccolo Pedro Fonseca , Hunziker Maria Helena Leite 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReturn of fear may be prevented by post‐retrieval extinction (PRE), a procedure consisting of presenting a stimulus that was present during conditioning (retrieval cue) prior to extinction training. However, recent evidence suggests that there might be circumstances under which PRE is not effective to prevent the return of fear (boundary conditions), but some of these conditions remain unknown. We explored if rehearsing the CS, US or CS‐US contingency during the interval between the retrieval cue and extinction training might change the effects of PRE. One day after differential fear conditioning, healthy human participants (n = 83) underwent either standard extinction (control condition, n = 31) or two different PRE procedures, one in which participants rehearsed the CS‐US contingency during the interval between the retrieval cue and extinction (rehearsal condition, n = 25), or another in which they underwent a verbal fluency task directing their attention away from the experimental contingencies during this interval (nonrehearsal condition, n = 27). Return of fear in a reinstatement test was observed in both control and rehearsal conditions, whereas in the nonrehearsal condition there was a generalized increase in response to the CS+ and CS−. Differential response in the rehearsal condition had values slightly smaller than the control group with no significant differences from both control and nonrehearsal conditions. These results suggest that the overt behavior of participants during the interval between a retrieval cue and extinction training might change the effects of PRE in healthy human participants, but further manipulations of these variables are needed to confirm these findings.
Tracking the time course of sign recognition using ERP repetition priming
Authors: Emmorey Karen , Midgley Katherine J. , Holcomb Phillip J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRepetition priming and event‐related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the time course of sign recognition in deaf users of American Sign Language. Signers performed a go/no‐go semantic categorization task to rare probe signs referring to people; critical target items were repeated and unrelated signs. In Experiment 1, ERPs were time‐locked either to the onset of the video or to sign onset within the video; in Experiment 2, the same full videos were clipped so that video and sign onset were aligned (removing transitional movements), and ERPs were time‐locked to video/sign onset. All analyses revealed an N400 repetition priming effect (less negativity for repeated than unrelated signs) but differed in the timing and/or duration of the N400 effect. Results from Experiment 1 revealed that repetition priming effects began before sign onset within a video, suggesting that signers are sensitive to linguistic information within the transitional movement to sign onset. The timing and duration of the N400 for clipped videos were more parallel to that observed previously for auditorily presented words and was 200 ms shorter than either time‐locking analysis from Experiment 1. We conclude that time‐locking to full video onset is optimal when early ERP components or sensitivity to transitional movements are of interest and that time‐locking to the onset of clipped videos is optimal for priming studies with fluent signers.
Developing perceptions about science in preservice early childhood educators
Authors: Miller Bridget , Wiles Benjamin , McLean Leah , Herrygers Austin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScience teachers play a vital role in the education of students and their learning outcomes. Beyond academic performance and content knowledge, how one feels about science can influence how they teach and how students learn. It is important for educators, and teacher educators to reflect on their past experiences and decipher what experiences influence their overall perceptions about science. Mixed methods were used to analyze narrative papers from pre‐service teachers which focused on their science education experiences. Papers from one hundred undergraduate early‐childhood pre‐service educators were used to determine factors that influence pre‐service teachers’ overall perceptions about science. Results indicated that negative experiences at all stages of students’ k‐12 education diminished positive perceptions of science; meanwhile, corresponding effects related to positive experience were sourced only from high school. Similarly, negative teacher experiences resulted in diminished positive perceptions of science without corresponding effects of positive teacher experiences. Learning approach and informal learning experiences did not predict positive perceptions of science, but were relevant within the qualitative analysis. Implications are discussed for pre‐service teacher training programs.
How Do We Believe?
Authors: Sloman Steven A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMy first 30‐odd years of research in cognitive science has been driven by an attempt to balance two facts about human thought that seem incompatible and two corresponding ways of understanding information processing. The facts are that, on one hand, human memories serve as sophisticated pattern recognition devices with great flexibility and an ability to generalize and predict as long as circumstances remain sufficiently familiar. On the other hand, we are capable of deploying an enormous variety of representational schemes that map closely onto articulable structure in the world and that support explanation even in unfamiliar circumstances. The contrasting ways of modeling such processes involve, first, more and more sophisticated associative models that capture progressively higher‐order statistical structure and, second, more powerful representational languages for other sorts of structure, especially compositional and causal structure. My efforts to rectify these forces have taken me from the study of memory to induction and category knowledge to causal reasoning. In the process, I have consistently appealed to dual systems of thinking. I have come to realize that a key reason for our success as cognizers is that we rely on others for most of our information processing needs; we live in a community of knowledge. We make use of others both intuitively—by outsourcing much of our thinking without knowing we are doing it—and by deliberating with others.
An aggressive CD4−CD8− T‐cell neoplasm in young English bulldogs
Authors: Frankhouse Kari A. , Rout Emily D. , Hughes Kelly L. , Labadie Julia D. , Yoshimoto Janna A. , Lana Susan E. , Avery Paul R. , Avery Anne C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractT‐cell leukemia/lymphoma accounts for roughly 30% of all types of lymphoproliferative neoplasia in dogs. Two forms of T‐cell lymphoma (T‐zone and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma) exhibit breed‐specific predilections. During the course of routine immunophenotyping, we observed a breed‐specific presentation of a unique form of T‐cell leukaemia in young English bulldogs. To describe the clinical presentation and outcome of a novel T‐cell leukaemia in English bulldogs and determine the frequency of this neoplasm in other breeds. The Clinical Hematopathology database, containing immunophenotyping data from peripheral blood of nearly 11 900 dogs, was queried for the phenotype observed in young English bulldogs: CD45+CD4−CD8−CD5+CD3+ class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐low T‐cell leukaemia. Clinical presentation, treatment, and survival data were collected for a subset of cases. Fifty‐five English bulldog cases and 64 cases of other breeds were identified. No other breed was represented by >5 cases. Complete medical records were obtained for 50 bulldogs. Median age at diagnosis was 3 years and 76% of cases were male. Median lymphocyte count was 44 286 lymphocytes/μl (range, 1800–317 684/μl) and lymphocytes were described as small to intermediate‐sized. Many dogs were thrombocytopenic and had liver and spleen involvement, but not lymphadenopathy. Bulldogs that received multi‐agent chemotherapy had longer median survival times (83 days) compared to dogs that received no treatment (6 days) or less aggressive therapy (15 days) (p = .001). Non‐bulldogs had similar outcomes. CD4−CD8− class II MHC‐low T‐cell leukaemia has an aggressive clinical course and predilection for young English bulldogs. Breed‐specific presentation suggests an underlying genetic cause.