bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe3O4/Ag/Bi2MoO6 Photoactivatable Nanozyme for Self‐Replenishing and Sustainable Cascaded Nanocatalytic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Cao Changyu , Zou Hai , Yang Nan , Li Hui , Cai Yu , Song Xuejiao , Shao Jinjun , Chen Peng , Mou Xiaozhou , Wang Wenjun , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCatalytic cancer therapy based on nanozymes has recently attracted much interest. However, the types of the current nanozymes are limited and their efficiency is usually compromised and not sustainable in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, combination therapy involving additional therapeutics is often necessary and the resulting complication may jeopardize the practical feasibility. Herein, an unprecedented “all‐in‐one” Fe3O4/Ag/Bi2MoO6 nanoparticle (FAB NP) is rationally devised to achieve synergistic chemodynamic, photodynamic, photothermal therapy with guidance by magnetic resonance, photoacoustic, and photothermal imaging. Based on its manifold nanozyme activities (mimicking peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione oxidase) and photodynamic property, cascaded nanocatalytic reactions are enabled and sustained in TME for outstanding therapeutic outcomes. The working mechanisms underlying the intraparticulate interactions, sustainability, and self‐replenishment arising from the coupling between the nanocatalytic reactions and nanozyme activities are carefully revealed, providing new insights into the design of novel nanozymes for nanocatalytic therapy with high efficiency, good specificity, and low side effects.
Plasma‐Assisted Deposition of TiO2 3D Nanomembranes: Selective Wetting, Superomniphobicity, and Self‐Cleaning
Authors: Montes Laura , Román Jose M. , García‐Casas Xabier , Castillo‐Seoane Javier , Sánchez‐Valencia Juan R. , Barranco Ángel , López‐Santos Carmen , Borrás Ana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFabrication of tunable wetting surfaces is sought for the last years given its importance on energy, biomaterials and antimicrobials, water purification, microfluidics, and smart surfaces. Liquid management on surfaces mainly depends on the control at the micro‐ and nanoscale of both roughness and chemical composition. Herein, the combination of a soft‐template method and plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition is presented for the synthesis of TiO2 nanofibers on porous substrates such as cellulose and stainless‐steel membranes. The protocol, carried out under mild conditions, produces 3D nanomembranes with superhydrophobicity and oleophilicity that are tested as microliter water/oil filters. Photoactivation of TiO2 by UV illumination provides a straightforward approach for wetting tunability that converts the surface into amphiphilic. A final chemical modification of the TiO2 nanofibers by embedding them in an elastomeric polymeric shell and by fluorine‐based grafting opens the path toward the formation of superomniphobic and self‐cleaning surfaces with long‐lasting lifetimes. Thus, a reliable procedure is demonstrated for the fabrication of TiO2 nanofibers, which allows the modification of porous supports and provides an innovative route for the development of 3D nanomembranes with under design wetting. This protocol is extendable to alternative metal oxides, metals, and core@shell nanoarchitectures with potential multifunctionalities.
Asymmetric Synthesis of N‐Substituted γ‐Amino Esters and γ‐Lactams Containing α,γ‐Stereogenic Centers via a Stereoselective Enzymatic Cascade
Authors: Li Ming , Cui Yunfeng , Xu Zefei , Chen Xi , Feng Jinhui , Wang Min , Yao Peiyuan , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming 
Published: October 2021

Abstractγ‐Amino esters and γ‐lactams containing α,γ‐stereogenic centers are widely used as chiral intermediates in various bioactive compounds, while their efficient synthesis remains a challenge. Herein, an enzymatic cascade reaction involving an ene reductase (ERED) and an imine reductase (IRED) for accessing to α,γ‐stereospecific γ‐amino esters and γ‐lactams from α,β‐unsaturated γ‐ketoesters has been developed. 21 EREDs and 13 IREDs have been identified with high activity and stereoselectivity toward various α,β‐unsaturated γ‐ketoesters and the corresponding chiral γ‐ketoesters, respectively. By employing suitable ERED and IRED, (1S,3S), (1S,3R), (1R,3S), and (1R,3R) stereoisomers of methyl 3‐(cyclopropyl amino) cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate were obtained as a single stereoisomer in 63–72% yield, and (3R,5R)‐ and (3R,5S)‐1‐cyclopropyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrrolidin‐2‐one and 1‐cyclopropyl‐3,5‐dipropylpyrrolidin‐2‐one were also prepared as a single stereoisomer in 60–65% yields. This study establishes an environmentally friendly enzymatic route for the synthesis of γ‐amino esters and γ‐lactams containing α,γ‐stereogenic centers.magnified image
The Partnerships for Data Innovations (PDI): Facilitating data stewardship and catalyzing research engagement in the digital age
Authors: Harmel R. Daren , Kleinman Peter , Eve Marlen , Ippolito James A. , Beebout Sarah , Delgado Jorge , Vandenberg Bruce , Buser Mike 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor agricultural research to seize the potential of data‐driven technologies, profound changes are needed in the full spectrum of data management, highlighted by a shift of researchers, institutions, and agencies toward a culture of data stewardship. The USDA‐ARS established the Partnerships for Data Innovations (PDI) in 2019 to achieve this transformation from within. From the onset, PDI has integrated its customer–partners in developing and implementing state‐of‐the‐art digital tools, leveraging off‐the‐shelf technologies when advantageous. In its short life, PDI has transformed more than 100 projects, from projects catalyzing collaborative efforts and underpinning information management to those salvaging end‐of‐life data repositories. Empowered by this active inclusive partnership and through sharing digital solutions on a “Digital Research Workbench” within the ARS Agricultural Collaborative Research Outcomes System infrastructure, PDI hopes to accelerate agricultural research through standardization, automation, and integration and to help usher in a culture of digital age data stewardship.
Design of a point‐of‐care ultrasound curriculum for pediatric emergency medicine fellows: A Delphi study
Authors: Gold Delia , Levine Marla , Hsu Deborah , Way David P. , Shefrin Allan E. , Lam Samuel H. F. , Lewiss Resa , Marin Jennifer R. ,   the PEM POCUS Curriculum Task Force
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThere has been a steady increase in the growth and utilization of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM). POCUS has been established as an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core requirement for accreditation of PEM fellowship programs. Despite this requirement, training guidelines regarding POCUS knowledge and skills have yet to be developed. The purpose of this project was to develop a curriculum and a competency checklist for PEM fellow POCUS education.MethodsWe formed a core leadership group based on expertise in one or more key areas: PEM, POCUS, curriculum development, or Delphi methods. We recruited 29 PEM POCUS or ultrasound education experts from North America to participate in a three‐round electronic Delphi project. The first Delphi round asked experts to generate a list of the core POCUS knowledge and skills that a PEM fellow would need during training to function as an autonomous practitioner. Subsequent rounds prioritized the list of knowledge and skills, and the core leadership group organized knowledge and skills into global competencies and subcompetencies.ResultsThe first Delphi round yielded 61 POCUS areas of knowledge and skills considered important for PEM fellow learning. After two subsequent Delphi rounds, the list of POCUS knowledge and skills was narrowed to 38 items that addressed elements of six global competencies. The core leadership group then revised items into subcompetencies and categorized them under global competencies, developing a curriculum that defined the scope (depth of content) and sequence (order of teaching) of these POCUS knowledge and skill items.ConclusionsThis expert, consensus‐generated POCUS curriculum provides detailed guidance for PEM fellowships to incorporate POCUS education into their programs. Our curriculum also identifies core ultrasound knowledge and skills needed by PEM fellows to perform the specific POCUS applications recommended in prior publications.
Effect of planting density on growth characteristics and grain yield increase in successive cultivations of two rice cultivars
Authors: Alipour Abookheili Farshid , Mobasser Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRice (Oryza sativaL.) recultivation plays an important role in increasing land productivity and efficiency in crop rotation. Planting density (PD) is an important agronomic factor to achieving maximum grain yield (GY). The current study aimed to determine the best PD for the first cultivation and recultivation of rice. The experiment was conducted as a split plot based on the randomized complete block design with three replications at Ghaemshahr University, Mazandaran (northern Iran) from 2013 to 2014. Treatments consisted of cultivars ‘Tarom Hashemi’ and ‘Koohsar’ at two levels as the main factor and PDs at the three levels of 16, 25, and 33.3 hills m–2with planting spaces of 25 × 25, 20 × 20, and 30 × 10 cm2, respectively, as the subfactor. The results of the current study showed that cultivar for the first cultivation and year for the recultivation had a significant effect on GY. Planting density had a significant effect on GY in both first cultivation and recultivation. The GY of Hashemi in the first cultivation (36.1%) and recultivation (18.5%) was higher than that of Koohsar. Grain yield in the first cultivation and recultivation had an increasing trend; PD increased up to 33.3 hills m–2as 19.9 and 21.4% in the first cultivation and recultivation, respectively, due to the increase in number of panicles m–2(30.1 and 30.6%, respectively). Hashemi is suitable for the first cultivation. It is noteworthy, also, that a density of 33.3 hills m–2is recommended for the first cultivation and recultivation.
Assessment of fodder resources in Ethiopia: Biomass production and nutritional value
Authors: Feyisa Tesfaye , Tolera Adugna , Nurfeta Ajebu , Balehegn Mulubrhan , Yigrem Sintayehu , Bedaso Misaye , Boneya Morkata , Adesogan Adegbola 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFodders are the major feed resource in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess biomass production and nutritive value of fodder resources in Ethiopia. A total of 34 scientific papers and 30 Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (Ethiopia) reports for biomass production, and 249 scientific papers for nutritive value were used for this study. The biomass production of crop residues was greatest followed by grazing biomass, enset [Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesem.] and banana (Musa spp.) leaves and pseudostems. The crude protein (CP) concentration of vetch (Vicia spp.) hay, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay, cultivated legume species and many indigenous browse species was >150 g kg−1 dry matter (DM). However, the CP value of natural pasture, crop residues, natural pasture hay, rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) hay, cultivated grass species, sycamore fig (Ficus sychomorus L.), Indianfig pricklypear [Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Mill.] and enset and banana was <150 g kg−1 DM. Natural pasture, crop residues, all parts of enset except enset corm, natural pasture hay, rhodes grass hay, and cultivated grass species contained >550 g kg−1 DM neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Enset corm, vetch hay, alfalfa, Chinese banyan (Ficus thonningii Blume), and bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) contained >10 MJ kg−1 DM metabolizable energy (ME). Crop residues except faba bean straw contained <600 g kg−1 DM in‐vitro digestibility. Methods should be devised for more efficient and effective use of the most widely available crop residues and grazing biomass through better management practices and appropriate supplementation with good quality forages and locally available better quality agricultural and agro‐industrial by‐products.
Interactions of cultivar, sowing date, and growing environment differentially alter wheat phenology under climate warming
Authors: Kawakita Satoshi , Ishikawa Naoyuki , Takahashi Hidehiro , Okuno Rintaro , Moriya Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTemperature is one of the most influential factors in crop phenology and is projected to increase substantially due to climate change. To adapt to climate change, it is necessary to understand how crops develop depending on cultivar choice, sowing time, and growing environment under various warming conditions. To clarify the influence of these interactions, we investigated 216 combinations of the genotype × environment × management interaction of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) development. These included nine scenarios of constant and seasonal warming conditions, two cultivar types (spring‐type and winter‐type wheat), six sowing dates, and two cultivation environments (relatively cool or warm area), and the change in wheat heading dates was simulated using sigmoid and exponential function–based models. Simulations of growing conditions 1−5 °C above the average temperature during 1981–2010 resulted in the faster growth of spring‐type cultivars, and the earlier the cultivars were sown, the faster they grew to heading stage. The winter‐type cultivars showed a smaller advancement to heading than the spring‐type cultivars, but the shortening period from sowing to heading became greater when grown in a cooler environment if the temperature significantly increased. In addition, increased temperatures in spring induced the advancement of heading more than similar conditions in winter. Our findings indicated that the advancement of the heading date varied greatly depending on the four‐factor combinations. Delaying sowing time and changing to winter‐type cultivars from spring‐type cultivars were thought to be effective adaptations; however, the adaptation strategies should be carefully planned depending on the agricultural management and warming conditions.
Freshwater wetland plants respond nonlinearly to inundation over a sustained period
Authors: Zhao Junbin , Malone Sparkle L. , Staudhammer Christina L. , Starr Gregory , Hartmann Henrik , Oberbauer Steven F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseWetland plants regularly experience physiological stresses resulting from inundation; however, plant responses to the interacting effects of water level and inundation duration are not fully understood.MethodsWe conducted a mesocosm experiment on two wetland species, sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) and muhly grass (Muhlenbergia filipes), that co‐dominate many freshwater wetlands in the Florida Everglades. We tracked photosynthesis, respiration, and growth at water levels of −10 (control), 10 (shallow), and 35 cm (deep) with reference to soil surface over 6 months.ResultsThe response of photosynthesis to inundation was nonlinear. Specifically, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) declined by 25% in sawgrass and by 70% in muhly grass after 1–2 months of inundation. After 4 months, Amax of muhly grass in the deep‐water treatment declined to near zero. Inundated sawgrass maintained similar leaf respiration and growth rates as the control, whereas inundated muhly grass suppressed both respiration and growth. At the end of the experiment, sawgrass had similar nonstructural carbohydrate pools in all treatments. By contrast, muhly grass in the deep‐water treatment had largely depleted sugar reserves but maintained a similar starch pool as the control, which is critical for post‐stress recovery.ConclusionsOverall, the two species exhibited nonlinear and contrasting patterns of carbon uptake and use under inundation stress, which ultimately defines their strategies of surviving regularly flooded habitats. The results suggest that a future scenario with more intensive inundation, due to the water management and climate change, may weaken the dominance of muhly grass in many freshwater wetlands of the Everglades.
Ecological and phylogenetic constraints determine the stage of anthetic ovule development in orchids
Authors: Mayer Juliana Lischka Sampaio , Scopece Giovanni , Barone Lumaga Maria Rosaria , Coiro Mario , Pinheiro Fabio , Cozzolino Salvatore 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseUnlike most flowering plants, orchid flowers have under‐developed ovules that complete development only after pollination. Classical studies reported variation in the stage in which ovule development is arrested, but the extent of this variation and its evolutionary and ecological significance are unclear.MethodsHere, we used light microscopy to observe ovule development at anthesis for 39 species not previously studied and surveyed the literature gaining information on 94 orchid species. Tropical and temperate members of all five orchid subfamilies as well as species with contrasting pollination strategies (rewarding versus deceptive) and life forms (epiphytic versus terrestrial) were represented. We analyzed the data using statistical comparisons and a phylogenetic generalized least square (PGLS) analysis.ResultsApostasioideae, the sister to the rest of the orchids, have mature ovules similar to other Asparagales, while under‐differentiated ovules are present in the other subfamilies. Ovule developmental stages showed high variation even among closely related groups. Ovules were more developed in terrestrial than in epiphytic, in temperate than in tropical, and in rewarding than in deceptive pollination orchid species. This latter comparison was also significant in the PGLS analysis.ConclusionsThese results suggest that ovule developmental stage in orchids can be shaped by ecological factors, such as seasonality and pollination strategy, and can be selected for optimizing female reproductive investment.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2022 update on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
Authors: Hallek Michael , Al‐Sawaf Othman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisease overviewChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most frequent types of leukemia. It typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course. Leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that interfere with the regulation of proliferation and of apoptosis in clonal B‐cells.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is established by blood counts, blood smears, and immunophenotyping of circulating B‐lymphocytes, which identify a clonal B‐cell population carrying the CD5 antigen as well as typical B‐cell markers.Prognosis and stagingThe clinical staging systems provide prognostic information by using the results of physical examination and blood counts. Various biological and genetic markers provide additional prognostic information. Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17 (del[17p]) and/or mutations of the TP53 gene predict resistance to chemoimmunotherapy and a shorter time to progression with most targeted therapies. The CLL international prognostic index integrates genetic, biological, and clinical variables to identify distinct risk groups of patients with CLL.TherapyOnly patients with active or symptomatic disease or with advanced Binet or Rai stages require therapy. When treatment is indicated, several therapeutic options exist: a combination of the B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor venetoclax with obinutuzumab, monotherapy with inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib, or chemoimmunotherapy. At relapse, the initial treatment may be repeated, if the treatment‐free interval exceeds 3 years. If the disease relapses earlier, therapy should be changed using an alternative regimen. Patients with a del(17p) or TP53 mutation are usually resistant to chemotherapy and should, therefore, be treated with targeted agents.Future challengesCombinations of targeted agents are now being investigated to create efficient, potentially curative therapies of CLL with fixed duration. One of the most relevant questions currently addressed in clinical trials is the comparison of monotherapies with BTK inhibitors with fixed duration combination therapies. Moreover, the optimal sequencing of targeted therapies remains to be determined. Alternative therapies are needed for patients with BTK and BCL2 inhibitor double‐refractory disease.
Exercise‐induced changes of vital signs in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Johnson Solomon , Gordeuk Victor R. , Machado Roberto , Gibbs J. Simon R. , Hildesheim Mariana , Little Jane A. , Kato Gregory J. , Gladwin Mark T. , Nouraie Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe six‐minute walk test (6MWT) has been used in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), in conjunction with tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRV) and plasma N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro BNP), to assess risk of having pulmonary hypertension. Exercise‐induced vital sign changes (VSCs) are predictors of clinical outcomes in other diseases. In this study, we assess the predictors and prognostic value of 6MWT VSC in adult SCD patients. Data from a multinational study of SCD patients (Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension with Sildenafil: walk‐PHaSST) were used to calculate the 6MWT VSC. Predictors of VSC were identified by a multivariable analysis, and a survival analysis was conducted by the Cox proportional hazard method. An increase in heart rate was observed in 90% of the 630 SCD adults, 77% of patients had an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 50% of patients had a decrease in oxygen saturation. TRV (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, p = .020), absolute reticulocyte count (OR = 1.03, p < .001), and hemoglobin (OR = 0.99, p = .035) predicted oxygen desaturation ≥ 3% during the 6MWT. In the adjusted analysis, SBP increase during the 6MWT was associated with improved survival (hazards ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.8). Increases in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as oxygen desaturation, are common in adults with SCD during the 6MWT. VSC is associated with markers of anemia and TRV and can be used for risk stratification. Any increase in SBP during the 6MWT was associated with improved survival and may be indicative of a patient's ability to increase stroke volume.
INTU‐related oral‐facial‐digital syndrome XVII: Clinical spectrum of a rare disorder
Authors: Yakar Omer , Tatar Abdulgani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOral‐facial‐digital syndromes (OFDSs) as a subgroup of ciliopathies are rare genetic disorders characterized by the association of abnormalities of the face, oral cavity, and extremities. OFDS XVII is a recently described subtype of OFDS that presents with developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, high palate, tongue nodules, brain malformations, cardiac anomaly, polydactyly, renal malformation, and various other findings. OFDS XVII is caused by biallelic variants in INTU gene and is inherited autosomal recessively. Intu is part of the CPLANE protein module that has an essential role in the ciliary transport system and function. INTU pathogenic variants have been reported in two patients with OFDS XVII, in two patients with short‐rib thoracic dysplasia‐20 with polydactyly (SRTD20), and one with nephronophthisis so far. We report the third family in the literature with OFDS XVII, with urogenital malformations as an additional finding.