bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quattro significati della medicalizzazione: il caso del parto
Authors: Christiaens Wendy , van Teijlingen Edwin 
Published: June 2021

- Medicalisation is a commonly used and ‘easily' understood concept among health care providers and researchers as well as in popular culture, but it is contested within medical sociology. This paper distinguishes between four meanings bestowed on medicalisation to enhance its conceptual clarity, using the example of childbirth as an illustration. Within the first generation of medicalisation theory, largely covering the ideas of Freidson, Conrad and Illich, we distinguish between three layers of meaning: (a) the origin of the medical model; (b) medical imperialism; and (c) iatrogenesis. The first meaning refers to the origin of the medical knowledge. In the second meaning daily life becomes increasingly defined in terms of health and illness, hence incorporating a growing number of life domains and social problems. The power of the medical discourse and the associated social control are central issues. The third meaning is represented by the critical or conflict sociological approach, in which medicalisation is interpreted as an exaggeration of medical control, hence emphasising its iatrogenic (‘sick-making') effects. The second generation medicalisation theory addresses a changed and more complex organisation of health care. New medicalisation tendencies surpass the old ones, adding a new layer of meanings to the concept: the optimalisation of normal characteristics or processes. Hence, normal phenomena become problematic and a new consuming market is created. A key message from our paper is that poor conceptualisation of medicalisation as an analytical tool endangers the quality and comparability of social scientific research and interdisciplinary collaboration.Keywords: medicalization, birth, iatrogenesis, medical imperialism, sociology of health, health care.Parole chiave: medicalizzazione, parto, iatrogenesi, imperialismo medico, sociologia della salute, assistenza sanitaria.
Le metafore in opera nelle pratiche mediche
Authors: Tomelleri Stefano 
Published: June 2021

- This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary research based on the study of metaphors at work during the medical visits of 5 oncologists - 3 males, (respectively 41, 43, and 60 year old), 2 females (respectively 41 and 58 year old) - for a total of 61 clinical talks that have been videotaped at an hospital in Northern Italy. The choice to study metaphors at work in medical practice greatly depends on our research experience and the realization that both doctors and patients had recourse to them during clinic talks and the use of such metaphors played a complex role that could not merely be referred to the exemplification of clinic concepts and words. From the analysis of recorded conversations we have discovered that the use of metaphors favoured: a) the contextualization of clinic conversations within wider macro-social structures; b) the definition of behaviours, roles, and decisional processes linked to social representations; c) the creative solution for the often irreconcilable tension between the subjective and bodily aspects of what we can call illness, the objective and impersonal character of its clinic definition (disease), and its social dimension (sickness).Key-words: medicalization, metaphor, disease, illness, sickness, oncology.Parole chiave: medicalizzazione, metafora, disease, illness, sickness, oncologia.
Demedicalizzazione e rimedicalizzazione della circoncisione maschile in Gran Bretagna e Stati Uniti
Authors: Carpenter Laura M. 
Published: June 2021

- This study explicates the theoretically important, yet inadequately specified, processes of demedicalization and remedicalization by comparing the histories of male circumcision in Great Britain and the United States. Although circumcision was medicalized to a similar degree in both countries before World War II, by the 1960s, circumcision was almost completely demedicalized in Britain and almost universal in the U.S. Since then, circumcision has become partially demedicalized in the U.S. Medical professionals and insurance/healthcare systems drove demedicalization in both countries; in the U.S., grassroots activists also played a critical role, while medical community "holdouts" resisted demedicalization. Recent research indicating that circumcision inhibits HIV transmission is differentially likely to produce remedicalization in the two nations, given differences in circumcision prevalence, HIV epidemiology, insurance/health systems, activism opportunities, and status of religious groups. Future research should theorize the life cycle of medicalization, explore comparative cases, and attend more closely to medical "holdouts" from previous eras, prevalence and duration of medicalized practices, and barriers to non-medical interpretations.Keywords: medicalization, demedicalization, remedicalization, health, circumcision, sociology.Parole chiave: medicalizzazione, demedicalizzazione, rimedicalizzazione, salute, circoncisione, sociologia.
La pubblicitÀ per i farmaci con obbligo di prescrizione in un contesto globale: un confronto tra la Nuova Zelanda e gli Stati Uniti
Authors: Murray Joshua 
Published: June 2021

- The pharmaceutical industry is a transnational industry with a global influence and interests in expanding their markets to include as much of the world's population as possible. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising is a potential tool for the global spread of industry conceptions of health and illness, and can be seen as both a cause and a result of globalization. Among developed countries, DTC advertising is currently only legal in New Zealand and the United States, but debates are taking place worldwide as the pharmaceutical industry uses its global influence to lobby for the lifting of bans. As individual countries with distinct cultures and local histories try to decide whether or not they should continue banning this form of advertising, it is important to understand the character and effects of DTC advertising in a global context. A comparison between the United States and New Zealand showed that despite differences in the process of regulation and the conditions and mechanisms through which DTC advertising came to be legal in the two countries, the resulting character and effects of the advertising were remarkably similar. Advertisements in both contexts turned out to be misleading, unbalanced with regard to risks and benefits, make appeals to emotions, and focus on "lifestyle" problems over serious conditions. The effects of the ads were also very similar, as both countries' DTC advertisements drove patients to request specific drugs and were correlated to rising prescription drug prices and health costs. This suggests that while glocalization may cause a divergence in the exact methods used in the ads to get the message across, the message and its effect will likely still reflect the pharmaceutical industry's grobal interests.Keywords: drugs advertising, pharmaceutical industry, drugs prescription, globalization, glocalization, grobalization.Parole chiave: pubblicitÀ sui farmaci, industria farmaceutica, prescrizioni di farmaci, globalizzazione, glocalizzazione, grobalizzazione.
Alimentazione, famiglia e stili di vita
Authors: FrudÀ Luigi 
Published: June 2021

- By a detailed analysis of derived (secondary) data, in his essay FrudÀ demonstrates that both individuals' and collective new modalities of alimentary styles and food consumption assumed as a whole, as well as the individuals' and social indentity's values there with related, have changed because of a structural retuning of social and demographic nature; and that such a reset has produced the most directly discernible outcome that the family has progressively lost its central role as the organizer of the day by day collective behaviours and of the group's identity processes. The social and anthropological thought concerns the circumstance that the daily life turns out to be increasingly an extraordinary and fragmentized frame and, similiarly, that the conventional social representations focussed on the way of being of the families meant as a social and collective expressionof the every day nature have changed. Divergently, simbolic value of the collective dimension, which is not anymore a day after day matter, gets strenghtened as long as it amounts to an odd event: also, it leads to further symbolic and representational significances able to permeate, in a shared shape, lifes' tracks. In this context, it appears as effective as never more the "glocal" concept in connection with food and alimentary cultures.Key-words: food, life-style, glocalization, family, simbolic value, sociology.Parole-chiave: cibo, stile di vita, glocalizzazione, famiglia, valore simbolico, sociologia.
Le metafore della bulimia
Authors: Ostuzzi Roberto , Luxardi Gian Luigi 
Published: June 2021

- The topic of this contribution is a sociological analysis of the celiac disease under a perspective which try to overcome the traditionally perspective of illness, considering the impact on the relationships connected to the aspects of socialization referred to dining together. The attention is focused in particular to some phases of the life, when the socialization is made even sitting at the table, in collective rites of eating pizza or pasta all together. From here the necessity of considering a dimension that allows to gather the uneasiness and the social damages connected to the illness: especially because it doesn't need a care in the traditional sense of the term (differently from other autoimmune illnesses like the diabetes, the autoimmune thyroiditis or the psoriasis, in the case of the celiac disease is "enough" to follow a free-gluten diet). Celiac disease deprives the celiac of relational occasions, which could have played an important role in the accumulation of social capital.Key-words: celiac disease, give social, food intolerances, life stories, disease, illness.Parole-chiave: celiachia, danno sociale, intolleranze alimentari, racconti di vita, disease, illness.
Possiamo parlare di danno sociale delle intolleranze alimentari? La celiachia nei racconti di vita quotidiana (con una proposta interpretativa)
Authors: Corposanto Cleto 
Published: June 2021

- The definition of Intuitive Eating as a psychological construct was developed in opposition to dieting movements that proposed controlled meal plans, avoidance of taboo foods and restricted intake of fat grams and calories. An eating behavior more consistent with one's internal physiological hunger and satiety cues was thus suggested in order to achieve both an adequate body weight and psychophysical well-being. Tylka (2006) developed the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), a questionnaire that assesses three main facets of intuitive eating: unconditional permission to eat when hungry and what food is desired, eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, and reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues to determine when and how much to eat. This paper describes the development and validation of the Italian version of the IES. A paper-and-pencil battery that included a socio-demographical questionnaire, the IES and other measures of eating behaviour and attitudes toward food was administered to 206 participants and internal consistency, unidimensionality, factor structure and construct and criterion validity of the scale were investigated. Results showed that psychometric properties of the Italian version of the IES are adequate for the use in a non-clinical context. Future studies should investigate the temporal stability and the discriminant power of IES scores in clinical samples.Key-words: intuitive eating, orthorexia, eating disorders, eating behavior, psichometrics.Parole-chiave: intuitive eating, ortoressia, disturbi alimentari, comportamento alimentare, psicometric.
Medicalization and Biomedicalization Revisited: Technoscience and Transformations of Health, Illness and Biomedicine
Authors: Clarke Adele E. , Shim Janet K. 
Published: June 2021

- In this article, we review the history of medicalization theory and then offer a historicized definition of biomedicalization. We consider the relationships between biomedicalization and other contemporary theorizing, seeking in particular to situate the concept explicitly in relation to recent scholarship on the politics of life itself. We discuss how biomedicalization processes dovetail with such politics of life as they are engaged individually, collectively, and at the level of population, including issues of bioeconomy, biocapital, citizenship and enhancement. We then address and respond to several critiques of biomedicalization theory, that question its "newness", omnipresence, and determinism. In conclusion, we discuss the relations among medicalization, biomedicalization and medical sociology and offer directions for future research.Keywords: biomedicalization, medicalization, technoscience, health, politics of life, optimization.Parole chiave: biomedicalizzazione, medicalizzazione, tecnoscienza, salute, politica della vita, ottimizzazione.
Integrazione dei sistemi Cup: aspetti tecnologici e aspetti organizzativi
Authors: Micocci Stefano , Trabucco Andrea 
Published: June 2021

- The management of waiting times within the access system to sanitary services represents a highly critic factor for the sanitary system, because it negatively affects the perception of quality by the citizen, limiting the guarantee of an equal access. The reorganisation of the Cup system represents a central point in the administration of the sanitary offer to the Emilia Romagna Region, due to the maximum exploitation of the synergies with other technological and social networks (SOLE/Toll-free regional number/Monitoring networks for the performance control). The projects "Sparta" and "Cup Integratore" focus on technological and re-organisational aspects, in order to foster not only equity and the fruition of outpatient services, but also the definition and implementation of access system based on clinical priorities, and on the principle of providing for the citizen in order to guarantee the maximum respect of waiting times. It is finally illustrated the latest online access, capable of guaranteeing an availability which is intended to more and more conform to the citizens' modern lifestyles regarding their approach to the Health P.A.Keywords: Cup system; clinical priorities; equal access; waiting lists; health care; system.
e-Care e anziani fragili: l'accesso come percorso comunicativo
Authors: Fiori Carla , Orsi Walter 
Published: June 2021

- Weakness and chronic or degenerative diseases highlight the need to reconsider the access system to social and sanitary services. Such an access is connoted by a communicational route, which from time to time will require listening, information, guidance, mediation, reassurance and promotion of adequate lifestyles. The e-Care system represents an original way to manage that communicational route. Specifically, the e-Care project in Bologna has highlighted numerous innovative aspects through its organisational sides and its achieved good results. These are: access personalisation; making the city user responsible; involving associations and voluntary services in order to fulfil those needs of a life quality that affect the health, the times and the circumstances of the service fruition.Keywords: e-Care; access personalisation; old people; health care; third sector.
Disuguaglianze sociali, digital divide ed accesso ai servizi sanitari
Authors: Iseppato Ilaria 
Published: June 2021

- After a short description of the main sociological approaches to social inequalities, the article proposes a co-relational reading of social inequalities in access to health services. Even if Italian healthcare system ensures universalistic and public access to care, social and regional disparities persist. The application of digital technologies to healthcare, if embedded in social complexity, can help in tackling obstacles to access.Keywords: social inequalities; health divide; Italian healthcare system; access to care; digital divide; health literacy.
La rete SOLE e le ipotesi di sviluppo
Authors: Osti Cesare 
Published: June 2021

- E-Health networks are more and more widely distributed in Italy. SOLE network, SanitÀ On LinE in Italian language, is enabling the connection among the 74% of General practitioners (GP) and the public healthcare systems in Emilia- Romagna region; SOLE will connect the 100% of GP within 2009. In the same year, 2009, the "citizen as patient" will enter in SOLE network as new user, "citizen as user", accessing and managing the Electronic Patient Record (EPR), housing its own case history. SOLE network will provide new services to its users, both for health specialist and the citizen; SOLE network will also be integrated with new healthcare systems, reducing the patient clinical follow-up over time, providing a regional continuing care.Keywords: General practitioner; citizen; continuing care; Electronic Patient Record (EPR); Electronic Health Record (EHR); Electronic Medical Record (EMR). Parole chiave: medico di base; cittadino; continuitÀ assistenziale; Fascicolo Sanitario Personale (FaSP); dati sanitari elettronici; dati elettronici medici.
L'accesso ospedaliero: un'esperienza di riorganizzazione secondo l'approccio Lean Thinking
Authors: Mignardi Licia 
Published: June 2021

- 013 The objective of making the admission to hospital services more efficient and effective can be pursued using diverse methods and organisational approaches. Lean thinking and theory of constraints - used in industry and manufacturing - have proved to be valuable for business process reengineering also within the healthcare sector. When changing and improving the hospital admission, lean thinking is a radical approach which requires addressing the whole process and not only single components in isolation. Applying the key principle of the Toyota production system, when increasing product/service value for customers/patients, all processes need to be redeveloped. The focus is not only on better hospital admission procedures, but concentrates also on creating a system where each step pulls the patients towards it when it is ready, from discharge backwards. The OLA project (in Italian "Organizzazione Lean dell'Assistenza") developed by the Local Health Authority of Florence shows how industrial systems such as lean thinking can be used to deliver higher quality health care. Relevant achievements are characterised by a strong strategic vision provided and continuously sustained by the executive leadership. Rigorous methodology and constant professional involvement and participation to the project are equally critical requirements.Keywords: hospital admission; lean thinking for healthcare sector; business process reengineering; efficiency; continuous improvement.
Gruppi di sostegno telematici, pazienti-consumatori e medicalizzazione: il caso delle patologie controverse
Authors: Barker Kristin K. 
Published: June 2021

- This article illustrates the role electronic support groups play in consumerdriven medicalization. The analysis is based on an observational study of a year in the life of an electronic support group for sufferers of the contested illness fibromyalgia syndrome. The analysis builds on and extends scholarship concerning the growing influence of lay expertise in the context of medical uncertainty by showing how the dominant beliefs and routine practices of this electronic community simultaneously (and paradoxically) challenge the expertise of physicians and encourage the expansion of medicine's jurisdiction. Drawing on their shared embodied expertise, participants confirm the medical character of their problem and its remedy, and they empower each other to search for physicians who will recognize and treat their condition accordingly. Physician compliance is introduced as a useful concept for understanding the relationship between lay expertise, patient-consumer demand, and contemporary (and future) instances of medicalization.Keywords: electronic support groups; ICT; health care; medicalisation; fibromyalgia syndrome; contested illness.
La sociologia della malattia in Achille Ardigň e nei classici della sociologia della salute
Authors: Maturo Antonio 
Published: June 2021

- This charter describes the main theoretical sources used by Achille Ardigň to develop his theory of sociology of health and illness. The influence of Durkheim might be found in the interest Ardigň has for the nexus between social integration and health. Ardigň recognizes the founding father' role of Parsons in the sociology of health, yet he criticizes Parsons because he is too much concerned with the systemic integration and because he doesn't pay attention on empathy. Moreover, the theory of the sick role is tailored on people suffering only for acute diseases - today, more importance should be given to chronic conditions. Some answers to the weak points of Parsons and Durkheim theories are found in phenomenology and its concepts (empathy, Lebenswelt, Körper). In order to avoid to become too much subjectivist, Ardigň integrates, in his sociology, but only partially, the views of the conflictualistic approaches on illness and social stratification. My final proposal is to consider Achille Ardigň as a very eclectic scholar.Keywords: Ardigň, sociology of health, empathy, Parsons, Durkheim, Illich.Parole chiave: Ardigň, sociologia della salute, empatia, Parsons, Durkheim, Illich.
Quale rete sviluppare per superare la crisi del welfare sanitario: la probabile risposta di Achille Ardigň
Authors: Colozzi Ivo 
Published: June 2021

- Ardigo's interest for the topic of the opportunities offered by the development of information communication technologies in the field of health services is referred to the question of the overcoming of the crisis of "transation" between welfare system and life's worlds. Moruzzi, who has developed Ardigo's approach on this topic, writes that Internet may be the link between micro and macro if it will be able to differentiate itself by the national health service and to create, thanks to the development of new technologies, a new cooperation between public and private (profit and non profit) actors at the service of the sick person (subsidiarity). In the Introduction to Moruzzi's book, instead, Ardigň says that the development of the social networks of care is more important than the development of new technologies.Keywords: development, welfare system, health service, technologies, social networks, Ardigň.Parole chiave: sviluppo, sistema di welfare, servizio sanitario, tecnologie, reti sociali, Ardigň.
Il ruolo dei mondi vitali nella salute
Authors: Guarino Francesca 
Published: June 2021

- Achille Ardigň had the prominent role of introducing the concept of Lebenswelt in Italy. By the way, his point of view is nearly peculiar from the methodological individualism adopted by the phenomenological approach as it emerges in sociology and so on, in health sociology. In this contribute the aim is to give some keys to explicate this difference, that is first of all an epistemological difference, starting from the reason that life-world has never assumed by itself, but is always taken in an ideal-typical and historical interaction with social system, including health system. The concept of empathy is consequentially given. By that, the importance of social support in a positive connection with health and life quality can be observed for itself, or as strictly linked with the formal system possibilities, according with Ardigň suggestions. Actually new technology can be the way of doing that. e-Care project, as it is developed for the aged people and with the net support, is a practical example of an innovative interaction between informal social and formal care institutions. The result is an application of a sensate pact between life-world and system, for improving health.Key words: social support; life-world, social system, empathy, health, social capital.Parole chiave: supporto sociale, mondo della vita, sistema sociale, salute empatia, capitale sociale.