bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of racism on emergency health care workers
Authors: Kaltiso Sheri‐Ann O. , Seitz Roslyn M. , Zdradzinski Michael J. , Moran Timothy P. , Heron Sheryl , Robertson Jennifer , Lall Michelle D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionDiscrimination based on race is a known source of stress in individuals and is a contributor to poor health outcomes in patients. However, less is known about how the experiences of racism impact the stress levels of emergency health care workers (EHCWs).ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to assess the impact that racism has on the stress of EHCWs.MethodsAn anonymous electronic cross‐sectional survey of EHCWs including attending physicians, resident physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, and staff at three large metropolitan hospitals was administered in the summer of 2020. The survey evaluated the stress related to systemic racism and the COVID‐19 pandemic in addition to the wellness measures utilized to cope with these stressors. The focus of this article is the impact of systemic racism on EHCWs.ResultsOf the 576 eligible participants, the total number of respondents utilized for analysis was 260. Overall, 64% of participants were very concerned about the state of racism in the United States, and 30% reported moderate–high or high stress resulting from racism. When stratified by race, 46% of Black participants reported moderate–high or high stress resulting from racism, compared to 31% of other participants of color and 23% of White participants (p = 0.002).ConclusionSystemic racism is a significant concern and source of stress for EHCWs. Additional research about systemic racism, its impact on medical providers, and more importantly, active strategies to reduce and ultimately eliminate it in health care is needed.
Negative evaluation of role transitions is associated with perceived stress and alcohol consequences: Examination of the Transitions Overload Model in young adulthood using two years of monthly data
Authors: Cadigan Jennifer M. , Fleming Charles B. , Patrick Megan E. , Lewis Melissa A. , Rhew Isaac C. , Abdallah Devon A. , Fairlie Anne M. , Schulenberg John E. , Larimer Mary E. , Lee Christine M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundYoung adulthood is characterized by transitions into and out of social roles in multiple domains. Consistent with self‐medication models of alcohol use, the Transitions Overload Model (J Stud Alcohol Suppl, 14, 2002, 54) hypothesizes that one cause of increased alcohol use during young adulthood may be the stress of navigating simultaneous role transitions. This study examined the simultaneous occurrence of major developmental role transitions in the domains of education, employment, romantic relationships, and residential status and their associations with perceived stress, heavy episodic drinking (HED), and negative alcohol‐related consequences. Further, we extended the Transitions Overload Model to explore whether the number of transitions rated as having a negative impact on one's life was related to perceived stress, HED, and alcohol‐related consequences.MethodsA community sample of young adult drinkers (N = 767, 57% women, ages 18 to 25 years) in the Pacific Northwest provided monthly data across 2 years. Multilevel models were used to assess the average (between‐person) and month‐to‐month (within‐person) associations of role transitions with perceived stress, HED, and negative alcohol‐related consequences.ResultsAlthough having more role transitions was positively associated with HED frequency and alcohol‐related consequences at both the between‐ and within‐person (monthly) levels, it was not associated with increased stress. The number of transitions rated as having a negative impact on one's life, however, was positively associated with stress. Thus, rather than the total number of transitions, it is the number of negatively perceived major developmental role transitions that is associated with perceived stress and increased risk for negative alcohol‐related consequences.ConclusionsContrary to Transitions Overload Model assumptions, more transitions were not a significant predictor of more perceived stress; rather, the evaluation of the transition as negative was associated with stress and negative alcohol‐related outcomes. This distinction may help elucidate the etiology of stress and subsequent alcohol consequences and identify individuals at‐risk of these effects.
Tupananchiskama/Until We Meet Again: Research Ethics and Bodily Vulnerability in the Time of COVID‐19
Authors: Stavig Lucía Isabel 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAs anthropologists, we face ethical dilemmas even during “normal” times. But the pandemic has forced us to face yet another important question: do we know when to stop? Bodily vulnerability and in‐situ ethics were brought into stark relief when the outbreak of COVID‐19 found me, a graduate student researcher, in a small Andean community in the department (state) of Cusco, Peru, where I had been researching healing and the ethics of ayni, or reciprocal care. Given the quickly changing circumstances and increasing vulnerabilities as the pandemic started, staying to continue research seemed drenched in the imperialist “will to know”—the conceit that my need for information was more important than my safety and the care my friends and kin had shown me.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol in exercising asthmatic adolescents: A randomized and open label trial
Authors: Bar‐Yoseph Ronen , Gur Michal , Zuckerman Shalev , Gut Guy , Hanna Moneera , Toukan Yazeed , Nir Vered , Masarweh Kamal , Bentur Lea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeRelvar® (fluticasone furoate [FF]/vilanterol [VI]) is a once‐daily inhaler with bronchodilator effect lasting 24 h. Our aim was to investigate the short‐ and long‐term effects of FF/VI on exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) in adolescents.MethodsNinety‐three adolescent asthmatics aged 12–18 years were referred for evaluation of EIA. Following a positive exercise challenge test (ECT), 22/44 were allocated to a single administration of salbutamol (400 μg) and 22/44 to FF/VI (92/22 μg) in a double‐blind method. Thirty‐five subjects were reassessed by repeat ECT 30–60 days of FF/VI.ResultsMedian FEV1 change post‐ECT at baseline was −22.8% predicted (interquartile range [IQR] −26.1 and −18.0) for salbutamol and −21.0 (IQR −30.7 and −16.8) for FF/VI. Following bronchodilator, FEV1 improved similarly in both groups. Repeat ECT following 30–60 days of FF/VI resulted in negative ECT in 33/35 subjects; the median decrease in FEV1 of these 35 subjects was 22.6% predicted (IQR 29–18) before, and 4.6% predicted (IQR 8.7–2.5) after 30–60 days of FF/VI treatment (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsFF/VI is effective in reversing EIA after 15 min in adolescents and in protecting EIA after 30–60 days in adolescents. Larger studies are needed to assess the effect of FF/VI on EIA.
A multilevel account of social value‐related reasons behind mastery goals
Authors: Smeding Annique , Dompnier Benoît , Meier Emanuele , Darnon Céline , Butera Fabrizio 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundA growing literature focuses on reasons behind achievement goal endorsement, and mastery‐approach goals (MG) specifically, and how these reasons influence academic performance. Past research provides evidence that student‐level social value‐related reasons behind MG moderate the MG‐performance link in adolescents and young adults. However, we ignore whether this moderation is best conceived of as a student‐level effect (i.e., students’ social value‐related reasons), a class‐level effect (i.e., influence of class‐dependent contextual social value), or both.AimsThis research aims at understanding the moderation of the MG‐performance link by social value from a multilevel account, which is novel, as the student level has been the default level so far.SampleThe study was conducted on a sample of 436 primary school students, from 3rd to 6th grade.MethodsStudents completed a MG scale adapted to their French classes under different instructions: standard, social desirability (answer to be viewed as likeable by your teacher), social utility (answer to be viewed as successful by your teacher), along with a dictation to measure performance, and socio‐demographic measures.ResultsResults show that the moderation effect of social utility on the MG‐dictation performance link is observed at the student level, but that the moderation by social desirability is best accounted for by class‐level differences.ConclusionsIt is important to consider a multilevel framework when examining reasons behind MG reports, including social value‐related reasons, both for future research and teachers in the classroom.
Integrated genotype–phenotype analysis of long‐term epilepsy‐associated ganglioglioma
Authors: Wang Yujiao , Wang Leiming , Blümcke Ingmar , Zhang Weiwei , Fu Yongjuan , Shan Yongzhi , Piao Yueshan , Zhao Guoguang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe BRAF p.V600E mutation is the most common genetic alteration in ganglioglioma (GG). Herein, we collected a consecutive series of 30 GG specimens from Xuanwu Hospital in order to corroborate the genetic landscape and genotype–phenotype correlation of this enigmatic and often difficult‐to‐classify epilepsy‐associated brain tumor entity. All specimens with histopathologically confirmed lesions were submitted to targeted next‐generation sequencing using a panel of 131 genes. Genetic alterations in three cases with histologically distinct tumor components, that is, GG plus pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), or an oligodendroglioma (ODG)‐like tumor component, were separately studied. A mean post‐surgical follow‐up time‐period of 23 months was available in 24 patients. Seventy seven percent of GG in our series can be explained by genetic alterations, with BRAF p.V600E mutations being most prevalent (n = 20). Three additional cases showed KRAS p.Q22R and KRAS p.G13R, IRS2 copy number gain (CNG) and a KIAA1549‐BRAF fusion. When genetically studying different histopathology patterns from the same tumor we identified composite features with BRAF p.V600E plus CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion in a GG with PXA features, IRS2 CNG in a GG with DNT features, and a BRAF p.V600E plus CNG of chromosome 7 in a GG with ODG‐like features. Follow‐up revealed no malignant tumor progression but nine patients had seizure recurrence. Eight of these nine GG were immunoreactive for CD34, six patients were male, five were BRAF wildtype, and atypical histopathology features were encountered in four patients, that is, ki‐67 proliferation index above 5% or with PXA component. Our results strongly point to activation of the MAP kinase pathway in the vast majority of GG and their molecular‐genetic differentiation from the cohort of low‐grade pediatric type diffuse glioma remains, however, to be further clarified. In addition, histopathologically distinct tumor components accumulated different genetic alterations suggesting collision or composite glio‐neuronal GG variants.
Body mass index and adipokines/cytokines dysregulation in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Iannone Florenzo , Praino Emanuela , Rotondo Cinzia , Natuzzi Dorotea , Bizzoca Rita , Lacarpia Nunzia , Fornaro Marco , Cacciapaglia Fabio 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Body fat has regulatory functions through producing cytokines and adipokines whose role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is currently emerging. Changes in body mass, either over- or underweight, entail a dysregulation of the cytokine/adipokine network that may impact upon SSc disease activity. We evaluated serum levels of adipokines and cytokines in SSc patients and correlated them to clinical features and body mass index (BMI) categories. The study included 89 SSc patients and 26 healthy donors (HD). Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10 and IL-17A were measured by multiplex immunoassay and correlated to BMI and disease-specific features. Student's t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for comparisons between groups. Spearman's or Pearson's tests were used for correlation analysis. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, leptin and resistin were significantly higher in SSc than in HD. Leptin levels were significantly higher in interstitial lung disease (ILD)- and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-SSc subgroups. The highest levels of IL-17A, IL-2, IL-10, leptin and visfatin were detected in SSc patients with obesity (p &lt; 0.01). Conversely, underweight SSc patients showed the highest TNF-α levels (p &lt; 0.05). Adipokines, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-17A were found to be increased in SSc patients with obesity, but whether or not they play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be investigated. Intriguingly, underweight patients had the highest TNF-α levels, suggesting a potential role of TNF-α in inducing the cachexia observed in long-lasting disease.
Widow’s peak: a usually overlooked, yet significant morphogenetic trait
Authors: Kyriakou Georgia , Glentis Apostolos , Papanikolaou Sofia 
Published: August 2021

SummaryOriginally believed to be an omen for early widowhood, widow’s peak, a V‐shaped descending extension of the anterior hairline at the center of the forehead is now known to be a morphogenetic trait. Although in the majority of cases, widow’s peak is a normal variant, its presence has also been associated with several genetic syndromes.
Technologies of Authoritarian Statecraft in Welfare Provision: Contracting Services to Social Organizations
Authors: Howell Jude , Martinez Regina Enjuto , Qu Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn 2013 the authoritarian Chinese Communist Party adopted a nationwide policy to contract out welfare services to social organizations. This presented the Party/state with a conundrum: how best to foster service‐oriented social organizations whilst retaining control over politically sensitive groups. Using a Foucauldian framework of analysis, this article explores the rationalities and technologies of statecraft deployed to navigate this tension. It argues that contracting welfare services is a form of governmentality linked to economic efficiency, welfare provision and social stability, requiring subtle ways of governing society. In implementing this policy, the Party/state seeks to foster a service‐oriented civil society and stymie rights‐based and politically sensitive groups.
Flexible fast‐mapping: Deaf children dynamically allocate visual attention to learn novel words in American Sign Language
Authors: Lieberman Amy M. , Fitch Allison , Borovsky Arielle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWord learning in young children requires coordinated attention between language input and the referent object. Current accounts of word learning are based on spoken language, where the association between language and objects occurs through simultaneous and multimodal perception. In contrast, deaf children acquiring American Sign Language (ASL) perceive both linguistic and non‐linguistic information through the visual mode. In order to coordinate attention to language input and its referents, deaf children must allocate visual attention optimally between objects and signs. We conducted two eye‐tracking experiments to investigate how young deaf children allocate attention and process referential cues in order to fast‐map novel signs to novel objects. Participants were deaf children learning ASL between the ages of 17 and 71 months. In Experiment 1, participants (n = 30) were presented with a novel object and a novel sign, along with a referential cue that occurred either before or after the sign label. In Experiment 2, a new group of participants (n = 32) were presented with two novel objects and a novel sign, so that the referential cue was critical for identifying the target object. Across both experiments, participants showed evidence for fast‐mapping the signs regardless of the timing of the referential cue. Individual differences in children's allocation of attention during exposure were correlated with their ability to fast‐map the novel signs at test. This study provides first evidence for fast‐mapping in sign language, and contributes to theoretical accounts of how word learning develops when all input occurs in the visual modality.
External validation of different clinical and echocardiographic scores to distinguish post‐ from precapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Fontes Oliveira Marta , Oliveira Maria Isilda , Furtado Inês , Carvalho Luísa , Gonçalves Fabienne , Reis Abílio , Santos Mário 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEven though right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold‐standard method to characterise Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), it cannot be performed in all the patients with suspected PH. Clinical and echocardiographic scores have been developed to differentiate PH secondary to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH‐HFpEF) from pre‐capillary PH. We aimed to compare the performance of non‐invasive parameters in a population with suspected PH.MethodsWe retrospectively included consecutive patients who underwent RHC for suspected PH. Patients with a non‐invasive evaluation clearly suggestive of left heart disease were excluded. We assessed the performance of non‐invasive pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), echocardiographic pulmonary to left atrial ratio (ePLAR), and Opotowsky, Richter, Berthelot, and D'Alto scores using the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsOf the 142 included patients, 61 patients had pre‐capillary PH, 49 had PH‐HFpEF, and 32 patients did not meet invasive criteria for PH. We were able to perform the aforementioned scores in 71–100% of our patients. Using the original cut‐offs, Opotowsky was the score that best predicted precapillary PH (96% sensitivity, 41% specificity, AUC .69), followed by D'Alto (98% sensitivity, 22% specificity, AUC .60) and Berthelot (32% sensitivity, 90% specificity, AUC .60). Richter score did not discriminate between phenotypes (AUC .50). Using optimised cut‐offs, a Berthelot score < 9 predicted precapillary PH with 73% sensitivity and 74% specificity (AUC .73). Single echocardiographic parameters as non‐invasive PVR (85% sensitivity, 59% specificity, AUC .72) and ePLAR (73% sensitivity, 76% specificity, AUC .75) showed better prediction performance than the composite studied scores.ConclusionCombined clinical and echocardiographic characteristics can be used to predict pre‐capillary PH with moderate performance. The application of these non‐invasive parameters in clinical practice can help refine referral to RHC in a population with clinically suspected PH.
Phenotypic plasticity masks range‐wide genetic differentiation for vegetative but not reproductive traits in a short‐lived plant
Authors: Villellas Jesus , Ehrlén Johan , Crone Elizabeth E. , Csergő Anna Mária , Garcia Maria B. , Laine Anna‐Liisa , Roach Deborah A. , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Wardle Glenda M. , Childs Dylan Z. , Elderd Bret D. , Finn Alain , Munné‐Bosch Sergi , Bachelot Benedicte , Bódis Judit , Bucharova Anna , Caruso Christina M. , Catford Jane A. , Coghill Matthew , Compagnoni Aldo , Duncan Richard P. , Dwyer John M. , Ferguson Aryana , Fraser Lauchlan H. , Griffoul Emily , Groenteman Ronny , Hamre Liv Norunn , Helm Aveliina , Kelly Ruth , Laanisto Lauri , Lonati Michele , Münzbergová Zuzana , Nuche Paloma , Olsen Siri Lie , Oprea Adrian , Pärtel Meelis , Petry William K. , Ramula Satu , Rasmussen Pil U. , Enri Simone Ravetto , Roeder Anna , Roscher Christiane , Schultz Cheryl , Skarpaas Olav , Smith Annabel L. , Tack Ayco J.M. , Töpper Joachim Paul , Vesk Peter A. , Vose Gregory E. , Wandrag Elizabeth , Wingler Astrid , Buckley Yvonne M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGenetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity jointly shape intraspecific trait variation, but their roles differ among traits. In short‐lived plants, reproductive traits may be more genetically determined due to their impact on fitness, whereas vegetative traits may show higher plasticity to buffer short‐term perturbations. Combining a multi‐treatment greenhouse experiment with observational field data throughout the range of a widespread short‐lived herb,Plantago lanceolata, we (1) disentangled genetic and plastic responses of functional traits to a set of environmental drivers and (2) assessed how genetic differentiation and plasticity shape observational trait–environment relationships. Reproductive traits showed distinct genetic differentiation that largely determined observational patterns, but only when correcting traits for differences in biomass. Vegetative traits showed higher plasticity and opposite genetic and plastic responses, masking the genetic component underlying field‐observed trait variation. Our study suggests that genetic differentiation may be inferred from observational data only for the traits most closely related to fitness.
First record of Aleurocanthuscamelliae Kanmiya & Kasai, 2011 (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) from Italy, on ornamental Camellia spp. plants
Authors: Rizzo Domenico , Suma Pompeo , Rossi Elisabetta , Farina Paolo , Da Lio Daniele , Bartolini Linda , Salemi Chiara , Farina Alessia , Rapisarda Carmelo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a first report of Aleurocanthus camelliae, the Camellia spiny whitefly, from Italy. The pest was found on plants of Camellia spp. grown in the nursery. Brief morphological and biological information is provided on this whitefly, as well as some considerations on the phytosanitary measures to be adopted to reduce the potential risk of its spread on ornamental plants in Europe and the EPPO region.
Perivascular clusters of Th2 cells and M2 macrophages in allergic contact dermatitis to methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone
Authors: Virgens Anangélica R. , Goes Heliana F. O. , de Carvalho Gabriel C. , Pietrobon Anna Julia , C. C. Branco Anna Cláudia , Ramos Yasmim A. L. , Pereira Naiura V. , Orfali Raquel L. , Aoki Valéria , da Silva Luiz Fernando F. , Sotto Mirian N. , dos Reis Vitor M.S. , Sato Maria N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMethylisothiazolinone (MI) and Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) are among the most common skin sensitizers, yet the immunological events that occur during MCI/MI allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are still poorly understood. Objectives: To analyse dendrocytes, macrophage subtypes and T cells in skin during the elicitation phase of MCI/MI ACD.MethodsThirteen patients with positive patch test reactions to MCI/MI (ACD group) and 11 individuals with negative patch test results were selected. Skin biopsies were only performed at 48 hours of patch testing. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess T cells, dendrocytes (Factor XIIIa), M1 (p‐Stat1, CD68) and M2 (c‐Maf, CD163) macrophages. Transcriptional analyses were performed for cytokines and related factors, and further compared to atopic dermatitis samples (n=4). Immunofluorescence assays addressed T cells location, along with IL‐4 or IL‐13, within the skin.ResultsMCI/MI elicited dermal dendrocytes and macrophages, pronouncedly the M2 subtype. T cells, majorly CD4+ T cells, accumulated in the perivascular areas. Similarly, abundant IL‐4 protein was detected in these areas. There was an upregulation of IL‐4 and IL‐13 mRNA expression, a mild increase in IFNG mRNA levels and a down‐regulation of RORC in the ACD group. Immunofluorescence revealed dermal clusters of T cells co‐localized with IL‐4.ConclusionsM2 macrophages and Th2 cells participate in the immunopathogenesis of MCI/MI ACD. Dermal dendrocytes and M2 macrophages may assist the formation of CD4+ T cells perivascular clusters. These findings render a mechanistic insight into the MCI/MI reaction. Further analysis at different timepoints of patch testing is required to fully comprehend this ACD kinetics.