bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological and biochemical diversity in different biotypes of spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in India
Authors: Dhillon Mukesh K. , Tanwar Aditya K. , Kumar Sandeep , Hasan Fazil , Sharma Suraj , Jaba Jagdish , Sharma Hari C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBecause of variation in incidence and severity of damage by Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in different geographical regions, it is difficult to identify stable sources of resistance against this pest. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken on biological attributes (damage in resistant and susceptible genotypes, survival and development) and biochemical profiles (amino acids and lipophilic compound) of C. partellus populations from eight geographical regions to understand it’s population structure in India. There was a significant variation in biological attributes and biochemical profiles of C. partellus populations from different geographical regions. Based on virulence and biological attributes, similarity index placed the C. partellus populations in five groups. Likewise, lipophilic and amino acid profiling also placed the C. partellus populations in five groups. However, the different clusters based on biological and biochemical attributes did not include populations from the same regions. Similarity index based on virulence, biological attributes, and amino acids and lipophilic profiles placed the C. partellus populations in six groups. The C. partellus populations from Hisar, Hyderabad, Parbhani and Coimbatore were distinct from each other, indicating that there are four biotypes of C. partellus in India. The results suggested that sorghum and maize genotypes need to be tested against these four populations to identify stable sources of resistance. However, there is a need for further studies to establish the restriction in gene flow through molecular approaches across geographical regions to establish the distinctiveness of different biotypes of C. partellus in India.
Highly selective skeletal isomerization of cyclohexene over zeolite-based catalysts for high-purity methylcyclopentene production
Authors: Xu Hao , Li Zhaofei , Meng Shijun , Jarvis Jack , Song Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCyclohexene skeletal isomerization towards methylcyclopentene is an economically favorable process due to the higher added value of the product. Traditional oxide-based catalysts face the challenge of achieving both high activity and stability. In this work, cyclohexene skeletal isomerization is achieved under mild conditions over designed zeolite-based catalysts with 96.8 wt.% liquid yield, 95.8 wt.% selectivity towards methylcyclopentene and satisfactory stability for multiple runs. The favorable performance is attributed to the unique acidic, structural and morphological features of the optimized cobalt/NaUZSM-5 catalyst. Further experimental data and DFT studies suggest that a carboncationic mechanism might be followed and that the reaction mainly occurs within the internal pores of the zeolite structures.
Transport and coarsening of gold nanoparticles in an orogenic deposit by dissolution–reprecipitation and Ostwald ripening
Authors: Hastie E. C. G. , Schindler M. , Kontak D. J. , Lafrance B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe role of nanoparticle gold in the formation of gold deposits has long been debated. Evidence in support of this process is generally limited to epithermal-, Carlin- and seafloor massive-sulfide-type deposits where gold nanoparticles are associated with primary fluid related processes. At the Kenty orogenic deposit in Ontario, Canada, gold has been remobilized from early pyrite through secondary coupled dissolution-reprecipitation processes to form high-grade gold external to pyrite. Here we report gold nanoparticles and related textures that help document this gold coarsening process. A combination of focused ion beam technology and transmission electron microscopy provides a rare glimpse of gold coarsening frozen in time, which includes nanoparticles trapped in iron oxides and rutile and non-oriented attachment of gold nanoparticles to bulk gold suggesting coarsening via Ostwald ripening. The processes documented are applicable to orogenic deposits formed through Earth’s history, and may explain the formation of ultra high-grade ore zones.
Progenitors of low-mass binary black-hole mergers in the isolated binary evolution scenario
Authors: García Federico , Simaz Bunzel Adolfo , Chaty Sylvain , Porter Edward , Chassande-Mottin Eric 
Published: March 2021

Context. The formation history, progenitor properties, and expected rates of the binary black holes discovered by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration via the gravitational-wave emission during their coalescence are a topic of active research.
Aims. We aim to study the progenitor properties and expected rates of the two lowest-mass binary black hole mergers, GW151226 and GW170608, detected within the first two Advanced LIGO-Virgo observing runs, in the context of the classical isolated binary-evolution scenario.
Methods. We used the publicly available 1D-hydrodynamic stellar-evolution code MESA, which we adapted to include the black-hole formation and the unstable mass transfer developed during the so-called common-envelope phase. Using more than 60 000 binary simulations, we explored a wide parameter space for initial stellar masses, separations, metallicities, and mass-transfer efficiencies. We obtained the expected distributions for the chirp mass, mass ratio, and merger time delay by accounting for the initial stellar binary distributions. We predicted the expected merger rates and compared them with those of the detected gravitational-wave events. We studied the dependence of our predictions with respect to the (as yet) unconstrained parameters inherent to binary stellar evolution.
Results. Our simulations for both events show that while the progenitors we obtained are compatible over the entire range of explored metallicities, they show a strong dependence on the initial masses of the stars, according to stellar winds. All the progenitors we found follow a similar evolutionary path, starting from binaries with initial separations in the 30−200 R⊙ range experiencing a stable mass transfer interaction before the formation of the first black hole, followed by a second unstable mass-transfer episode leading to a common-envelope ejection that occurs either when the secondary star crosses the Hertzsprung gap or when it is burning He in its core. The common-envelope phase plays a fundamental role in the considered low-mass range: only progenitors experiencing such an unstable mass-transfer phase are able to merge in less than a Hubble time.
Conclusions. We find integrated merger-rate densities in the range 0.2–5.0 yr−1 Gpc−3 in the Local Universe for the highest mass-transfer efficiencies explored here. The highest rate densities lead to detection rates of 1.2–3.3 yr−1, which are compatible with the observed rates. The common-envelope efficiency αCE has a strong impact on the progenitor populations. A high-efficiency scenario with αCE = 2.0 is favoured when comparing the expected rates with the observations.
Intraoperatives Floppy Iris Syndrom (IFIS) bei Tamsulosineinnahme
Authors: Bigdon Eileen , Casagrande Maria , Spitzer Martin Stephan , Hassenstein Andrea 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Tamsulosin ist eines der am häufigsten verschriebenen alpha-1A-Antagonisten zur Behandlung des benignen Prostatasyndrom (BPS). Bei einer Kataraktoperation entwickeln diese Patienten häufig ein intraoperatives floppy Iris Syndrom (IFIS). Dabei kommt es zu einer zunehmenden Miosis und einer undulierenden Iris, welches das Komplikationsrisiko deutlich erhöht und bleibende Schäden verursachen kann.
Ziel der Arbeit Ziel ist es Bewusstsein für die Folgen einer Tamsulosineinnahme bei Kataraktoperationen zu schaffen.
Material und Methoden Wir führten eine Review der veröffentlichten Publikationen über die Assoziation von IFIS bei Kataraktoperation mit Alpharezeptorblockern durch.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion Tamsulosin hat ein bis zu 80 %-iges Risiko für Komplikationen, wohingegen Doxazosin und Alfuzosin lediglich eine Komplikationswahrscheinlichkeit von 15–20 % haben. Tamsulosin stellt somit einen erheblichen Risikofaktor für permanente Folgeschäden nach Kataraktoperation dar. Auch nach Absetzen von Tamsulosin wurden noch nach bis zu 3 Jahren IFIS beobachtet, ein pausieren vor Katarakoperation wird dennoch empfohlen. Ein Alternativpräparat sollte somit bei Patienten, die noch keine Kataraktoperation erhalten haben, bevorzugt werden. Sind die Patienten bereits kataraktoperiert, kann Tamsulosin ohne Bedenken gegeben werden.
Assoziation von Strukturvariablen mit der Versorgungsqualität der Krankenhäuser in Deutschland
Authors: Vorbeck Lisa , Naumoska Dijana , Geraedts Max 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die deutsche Krankenhauslandschaft befindet sich finanzierungsbedingt in einem unkoordinierten Strukturwandel. Gleichzeitig wird versucht, mithilfe von qualitätsorientierten Steuerungsmaßnahmen die Behandlungsqualität sicherzustellen und zu verbessern. Unklar ist, ob insgesamt die richtigen Strukturen erhalten bleiben, also diejenigen, die bislang Garant positiver Ergebnisse sind.
Ziel Untersuchung der Assoziation verschiedener Strukturmerkmale von Krankenhäusern mit der Versorgungsqualität.
Methode In einer Sekundärdatenanalyse wurde auf Basis von Krankenhaus-Qualitätsberichten die Assoziation zwischen der Versorgungsqualität und den Strukturmerkmalen Krankenhausgröße, Art der Trägerschaft, Region, Lehrstatus und Case-Mix-Index (CMI) verglichen. Dazu wurden anhand ausgewählter Qualitätsindikatoren der externen Qualitätssicherung (eQS) für jedes Krankenhaus Qualitätsindices berechnet und zunächst univariat mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Test bzw. Kruskal-Wallis-Test sowie anschließend mittels multipler linearer Regressionsanalyse die Assoziationen unter Berücksichtigung der Interaktionseffekte der unabhängigen Variablen untersucht.
Ergebnisse Bei ca. 90% der geprüften Indices lagen signifikante Assoziationen zwischen den Strukturmerkmalen und der Versorgungsqualität vor. Positive Assoziationen mit der Versorgungsqualität lagen bei den Strukturmerkmalen Krankenhausgröße von weniger als 100 Betten, private Trägerschaft, kein Lehrkrankenhaus und geringer CMI vor. Negative Tendenzen lagen v. a. bei den Strukturvariablen Krankenhausgröße von mehr als 500 Betten, öffentliche Trägerschaft, Lehrkrankenhaus und bei höherem CMI vor.
Schlussfolgerung Den Ergebnissen dieser Studie zufolge scheinen kleine Krankenhäuser die beste Versorgungsqualität zu erbringen. Dieses kontraintuitive Ergebnis deutet darauf hin, dass die bei der Indexberechnung einbezogenen Qualitätsindikatoren der eQS eventuell unzureichend risikoadjustiert bzw. wissenschaftlich evaluiert sind, sodass von deren Verwendung als Instrumente zur Qualitätssteuerung abzuraten ist.
Rowell-Syndrom bei subakut-kutanem Lupus erythematodes
Authors: Nonhoff J. , Ottmann K. , Tronnier M. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 77-jährigen Patienten mit akut aufgetretenen, kokardenartig anmutenden Hautveränderungen bei vorbekanntem subakut-kutanem Lupus erythematodes.Aufgrund der Befundkonstellation mit fein-gesprenkelten antinukleären Antikörpern, Antikörpern gegen Ro/SSA und La/SSB und einem positiven Rheumafaktor wurde in Zusammenschau mit der Histologie die Diagnose eines Rowell-Syndroms gestellt. Das Rowell-Syndrom beschreibt das Auftreten Erythema-exsudativum-multiforme-artiger Hautveränderungen bei Patienten mit vorbekanntem Lupus erythematodes.Die diagnostischen Herausforderungen bei der Diagnosestellung des Rowell-Syndroms in Abgrenzung zur Koinzidenz von Lupus erythematodes mit einem Erythema exsudativum multiforme werden anhand einer weiteren Fallbeschreibung einer 44-jährigen Patientin mit vorbekanntem subakut-kutanem Lupus erythematodes veranschaulicht.
Uterine Massage to Reduce Blood Loss Before Delivery of the Placenta in Caesarean Section: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Shitong , Fu Xianhu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background/Objective To estimate the effectiveness of uterine massage UM in reducing blood loss before delivery of placenta in CS.
Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 1393 women who delivered with CS. Patients who underwent UM (671women) were compared with those who underwent controlled cord traction (722 women). According to risk assessment of PPH, 2 groups were both divided to low risk group and high risk group. Outcomes included blood loss amount within 2 h after delivery, incidence of PPH and intractable PPH.
Results Blood loss amount within 2 h was lower in UM group than CCT group(516.6±196.5 ml compared with 674.1±272.2 ml, P<0.01). The incidence of PPH and intractable PPH didn’t differ significantly between the 2 groups (6.7% compared with 9.1%, P=0.09 and 3.9% compared with 5.3%, P=0.22,respectively).In high risk group, the amount of blood loss within 2 h and the incidence of PPH were both lower in UM group (n=382) than CCT group (n=407) (576.8±228.1 ml compared with 854.9±346.1 ml, P<0.01 and 7.1% compared with 11.3%,P=0.04 ,respectively). The incidence of intractable PPH didn’t differ significantly between the 2 groups (4.7% compared with 6.9%,P=0.19). In low risk group, the 3 outcomes didn’t differ significantly between the 2 groups(n=289 vs. 315) (428.5±172.6 ml compared with 447.9±180.5 ml; 6.2% compared with 6.3%; 2.8% compared with 3.2%; P=0.56, 0.95 and 0.77,respectively).
Conclusion In high risk patients of PPH, UM before delivery of placenta contributed to reduce blood loss in CS.
Aortic Delamination—A Possible Precursor of Impending Catastrophe
Authors: Saeyeldin Ayman , Zafar Mohammad A. , Baldassarre Lauren A. , Mojibian Hamid , Ziganshin Bulat A. , Mukherjee Sandip K. , Elefteriades John A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAortic diameter is a powerful predictor of adverse aortic events, such as aortic rupture or dissection, forming the basis of prophylactic surgical repair criteria. Limited evidence is available regarding the association of aortic wall thickness (AWT) with these adverse aortic events. We present the case and surgical video of a 73-year-old man with chest pain and an increased AWT, who underwent ascending aortic repair and deep hemiarch placement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Surgical pathology demonstrated evidence of aortic delamination and medial separation, indicative of an impending dissection. The patient recovered uneventfully, and his chest pain ultimately resolved after open repair. In this patient, increased AWT was felt to be the precursor to a potential aortic catastrophe.
Assessing Prescriber Behavior with a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Prevent Drug-Induced Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Trinkley Katy E. , Pell Jonathan M. , Martinez Dario D. , Maude Nicola R. , Hale Gary , Rosenberg Michael A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Clinical decision support (CDS) alerts built into the electronic health record (EHR) have the potential to reduce the risk of drug-induced long QT syndrome (diLQTS) in susceptible patients. However, the degree to which providers incorporate this information into prescription behavior and the impact on patient outcomes is often unknown.
Methods We examined provider response data over a period from October 8, 2016 until November 8, 2018 for a CDS alert deployed within the EHR from a 13-hospital integrated health care system that fires when a patient with a QTc ≥ 500 ms within the past 14 days is prescribed a known QT-prolonging medication. We used multivariate generalized estimating equations to analyze the impact of therapeutic alternatives, relative risk of diLQTS for specific medications, and patient characteristics on provider response to the CDS and overall patient mortality.
Results The CDS alert fired 15,002 times for 7,510 patients for which the most common response (51.0%) was to override the alert and order the culprit medication. In multivariate models, we found that patient age, relative risk of diLQTS, and presence of alternative agents were significant predictors of adherence to the CDS alerts and that nonadherence itself was a predictor of mortality. Risk of diLQTS and presence of an alternative agent are major factors in provider adherence to a CDS to prevent diLQTS; however, provider nonadherence was associated with a decreased risk of mortality.
Conclusion Surrogate endpoints, such as provider adherence, can be useful measures of CDS value but attention to hard outcomes, such as mortality, is likely needed.
Activin A and Acvr2b mRNA from Umbilical Cord Blood Are Not Reliable Markers of Mild or Moderate Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: O'Sullivan Marc Paul , Denihan Niamh , Sikora Klaudia , Finder Mikael , Ahearne Caroline , Clarke Gerard , Hallberg Boubou , Boylan Geraldine B. , Murray Deirdre M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Activin A protein and its receptor ACVR2B have been considered viable biomarkers for the diagnosis of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This study aimed to assess umbilical cord blood (UCB) levels of Activin A and Acvr2b messenger RNA (mRNA) as early biomarkers of mild and moderate HIE and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome.
Methods One-hundred and twenty-six infants were included in the analyses from the BiHiVE2 cohort, a multi-center study, recruited in Ireland and Sweden (2013 to 2015). UCB serum Activin A and whole blood Acvr2b mRNA were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively.
Results Activin A analysis included 101 infants (controls, n = 50, perinatal asphyxia, n = 28, HIE, n = 23). No differences were detected across groups (p = 0.69). No differences were detected across HIE grades (p = 0.12). Acvr2b mRNA analysis included 67 infants (controls, n = 22, perinatal asphyxia, n = 23, and HIE, n = 22), and no differences were observed across groups (p = 0.75). No differences were detected across HIE grades (p = 0.58). No differences were detected in neurodevelopmental outcome in infants followed up to 18 to 36 months in serum Activin A or in whole blood Acvr2b mRNA (p = 0.55 and p = 0.90, respectively).
Conclusion UCB Activin A and Acvr2b mRNA are not valid biomarkers of infants with mild or moderate HIE; they are unable to distinguish infants with HIE or infants with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Genetic Impact on Bone Modulation—A Review Bridging Bioscience to Genetic Engineering
Authors: CK Anulekha Avinash , Tholupunuri Harshini , Reddy M. Ramu , Muralidhar Mamatha , Jayyarapu Dilip , Nair Sangeeta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenes control approximately 60% to 75% of the variance of peak bone mass/density and a much smaller amount of variance in rate of loss.Bone mass increases during growth to a peak value and soon after begins to decline. Most of the genetic effect is exerted during growth and so influences peak bone mass; whether there is an additional genetic effect on the rate of bone loss is less clear. So, this article aims to place emphasis on various oral and systemic conditions that are manifested due to altered gene function. Genetic polymorphisms and mutations are simple, although the consequences of the mechanism are complex. The syndromic manifestation due to changes at genetic level will greatly affect the bone quality, which will ultimately affect any treatment prognosis. Hence, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling helps to identify pathogenic causes of bone, skeletal diseases, and leads to the development of targeted therapies for these diseases. This review highlights notions on the connecting link between science and genetics as well as various oral scenarios where gene could bring about changes, resulting in deformities. There is an intense research awaited in the future which could intervene with the causes that bring about genetic modulations, so as to decrease the mortality rate of humans.
Evaluation of Role of Arterialization of Venous Flaps in Abdomen in Rats
Authors: Aggarwal Krittika , Singh Arun K. , Halageri Sameer M. , Kumar Vijay , Mishra Brijesh , Upadhyay D. N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Reconstruction forms the primary tenet in plastic surgery. Venous flaps are a known option but the survival is limited. Arterialization of venous flap can enhance its survival. While various techniques of arterialization of venous flaps are described, there are very few studies comparing them.
Material and methods The current study was conducted among 34 rats weighing 160 to 200 grams. The rats were divided into four groups. Group I—islanded epigastric flap was raised with superficial caudal epigastric vessels as pedicle. Group II—arterialized flow through venous flap was raised with superficial caudal epigastric vein (SCEV) as afferent and lateral thoracic vein as drainage vein. Side-to-side anastomosis was done between femoral artery and vein, lateral to the origin of superficial caudal epigastric artery. Group III—after raising the flap, as in group II, femoral vein was ligated proximal to superficial caudal epigastric vessels. Group IV—an arterialized flow through venous flap was raised with superficial caudal epigastric vein as afferent and lateral thoracic vein as drainage vein. End-to-side anastomosis was done between femoral artery and superficial caudal epigastric vein. Animals that died before completion of the study were excluded. The color changes of flaps were noted. Flap survival was expressed as a percentage of the total flap surface area. The patency of anastomosis was seen on postoperative day 5.
Results There was no total flap failure. On statical analysis, the flap survival area on day 5 between Group I and Group IV was not significant (p value 0.431). The survival area in Group I (78.85 ± 10.54%) was comparable to Group IV (65.71 ± 20.70%). Group II and III had poor results as compared with Group I. In four rats, thrombosis of arteriovenous anastomosis was noted with flap survival area of 30 to 33%.
Conclusion It was noted that epigastric venous flaps with end-to-side anastomosis between femoral artery and superficial caudal epigastric vein (group IV) have survival area comparable to islanded flaps.
The Benefits of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Svierkovski Loyane de Fátima , Stein Angelica Miki , Cavazzotto Timothy , Paludo Ana Carolina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to review the literature about the effect of physical activity intervention in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Articles were searched in the central electronic databases of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycAriticles, and CINAHL for the following keywords: “epilepsy,” “seizure,” “physical activity,” “physical exercise,” “exercise therapy,” “sport,” using the Boolean operator “AND” and “OR.” The quality of the selected articles was evaluated by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Out of the 22 articles selected, 18 did not involve intervention or did not have pre- and postresults and therefore were excluded from the study. The remaining four were studies from Canada and Korea which comprised two long-period interventions and were included in the analysis. Both programs demonstrated a positive effect of physical activity on variables related to psychological well-being and cognitive function. All the four articles demonstrated a lower score of quality. In conclusion, reviewed studies suggest that physical exercise program induces some benefits in children and adolescents with epilepsy. However, the noncontrolled trials and the varied analyses (quantitative vs. qualitative) make it difficult to establish a consensus about benefits of physical activity in epilepsy.