bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing adolescent self staging of pubertal development with hormone biomarkers
Authors: Yayah Jones Nana-Hawa , Khoury Jane C. , Xu Yingying , Newman Nicholas , Kalkwarf Heidi J. , Braun Joseph M. , Lanphear Bruce , Chen Aimin , Cecil Kim M. , Rose Susan R. , Yolton Kimberly 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Physical examinations to characterize pubertal maturation may be unacceptable for children enrolled in research studies. Studies confirm the utility of pubertal self staging for research, but there has been limited comparison of self examination with hormone biomarkers. Our objective was to assess concordance of pubertal self staging with hormone biomarkers of puberty.

Methods
Participants were enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort study. At age 12 years, 139 females and 112 males completed pubertal self staging including breast and pubic hair development in females and pubic hair development in males. No clinical physical examination was performed. Hormone concentrations were measured in 102 females and 96 males including serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in all; estradiol in females; and testosterone in males.

Results
Estradiol was significantly associated with female breast stage, even when adjusted for BMI, with geometric least squares means (95%CI) of 13.2 (8.7, 20.2), 38.3 (29.9, 49.1), 59.4 (39.8, 88.6), and 81.2 (45.6, 144) pg/mL for breast stage 1–2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Testosterone was significantly associated with male pubic hair stage, with adjusted geometric least squares means (95%CI) of 37.6 (19.9, 71.1), 43.4 (27.7, 68.3), 126 (78.4, 203), 275 (146, 521), and 559 (237, 1319) ng/dL for pubic hair stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.

Conclusions
Self assessed pubertal development was positively associated with hormonal biomarkers of puberty.
Editorial: ideology and commemoration in the urban space
Authors: Buchstaller Isabelle , Fabiszak Małgorzata 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this editorial, we outline the theoretical framework underpinning the contributions to this volume, providing a succinct overview of the development of linguistic landscape research and pointing to the unexplored areas of overlap with its neighbouring disciplines, including critical toponomy, collective memory studies, language planning and policy and critical discourse studies. In doing so, we position the articles in this special issue with respect to current themes in research on the ideological struggles over the semiotic landscape.
Patterns of commemorative street and place renaming in India’s two mega-cities: Mumbai and New Delhi
Authors: Rubdy Rani 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a small-scale case study of commemorative street and place renaming patterns in Mumbai and New Delhi. Three distinct waves of such renamings are identified, driven by dramatic shifts in political and ideological orientation: the first signifies a break with India’s colonial past and the reclaiming of national pride and identity; the second is marked by the rise of the Shiv Sena, a radical right wing political party known for its strident form of identity politics; and the third reflects the resurgence of cultural nationalism and populism since 2014 with the coming to power of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), intent on pursuing its Hindu nationalist agenda – with each wave undeniably transforming the cityscape.
Taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of Oxymycterus juliacae Allen 1900 (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Ruelas Dennisse , Pacheco Víctor 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The phylogenetic position of the “Upper yungas inca hocicudo” Oxymycterus juliacae, one of the lesser-known species of the genus Oxymycterus, is still unresolved. Several authors considered it a subspecies or synonym of Oxymycterus inca, but more recently, it was recognized as a valid species based on morphometric analysis and morphological traits. The objectives of this study were then to substantiate the morphological distinction of O. juliacae and evaluate its phylogenetic position using cytochrome b sequences. We evaluated the morphology of O. juliacae and compared it with congeneric species. In addition, a Cytochrome b gene matrix was subjected to analyses of maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Our results support the morphometric and morphological distinction of O. juliacae and found that this species is more closely related to Oxymycterus willkaurco than to O. inca. Therefore, the recognition of O. juliacae as a full species is supported and a rediagnosis is provided. In addition, we found O. inca is more related to other lowland species from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, than to central Andean species. More efforts are needed to secure genetic material of Oxymycterus species, mainly the Andean species, for a better understanding of their phylogenetic relationship.
Hemicrania continua secondary to neurogenic paravertebral tumor- a case report
Authors: Kalladka Mythili , Al-azzawi Osamah , Heir Gary M. , Kodapala Suresha , Nainan Mohan Thomas , Khan Junad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Hemicrania continua (HC) is one of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC), where sympathetic dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction resulting in parasympathetic over activation with some evidence of sympathetic inhibition have been suggested as probable causes. However, cases of hemicrania continua secondary to sympathetic dysfunction due to neurogenic paravertebral tumor impinging on the sympathetic chain has not been previously reported. In this case, the probability of the sympathetic dysfunction was more likely based on the clinical features and management.

Case presentation
A 23-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of right unilateral pain in the retro-bulbar, head and facial region for the past three years. An initial MRI of the brain was negative, whereas an MRI of the spine was advised to rule out a cervicogenic origin of the pain. The MRI revealed a well-defined mass lesion within right paravertebral region at T3 indicative of a neurogenic tumor. The patient was diagnosed with probable hemicrania continua secondary to neurogenic tumor impinging on adjacent sympathetic chain. A trial of indomethacin 75 mg/day was advised, which provided complete relief of the headache. The patient was referred to a neurologist for management of the neurogenic tumor.

Conclusions
Headache disorders may be secondary to pathologies and comprehensive evaluation and accurate diagnosis are essential. Knowledge of neuroanatomy is paramount to understand and explain underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Multidisciplinary management is essential in complex orofacial cases.
Moral Norms, Adaptive Preferences, and Hedonic Psychology
Authors: Masur Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In a series of important papers published roughly twenty years ago, Professor Robert Cooter developed a comprehensive economic theory of moral norms. He explained the value of those norms, described the process by which norms are adopted, and offered a set of predictions regarding the circumstances under which an individual will choose to adopt a particular moral norm. This brief Article applies behavioral law and economics and hedonic psychology to expand upon Professor Cooter’s path-breaking theory. In particular, understanding welfare in hedonic terms — rather than preference-satisfaction terms — suggests a multitude of further situations in which individuals will justifiably seek to internalize moral norms. The hedonic approach to welfare then further suggests an enhanced role for the government to play in encouraging the adoption of welfare-enhancing norms. Cooter’s theory, combined with modern understandings of welfare and human behavior, thus offers powerful predictive and prescriptive possibilities.
The Data Privacy Law of Brexit: Theories of Preference Change
Authors: Schwartz Paul M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Upon Brexit, the United Kingdom chose to follow the path of EU data protection and remain tied to the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It even enacted the GDPR into its domestic law. This Article evaluates five models relating to preference change, demonstrating how they identify different dimensions of Brexit while providing a rich explanation of why a legal system may or may not reject an established transnational legal order. While market forces and a “Brussels Effect” played the most significant role in the decision of the UK government to accept the GDPR, important nonmarket factors were also present in this choice. This Article’s models of preference change are also useful in thinking about the likely extent of the UK’s future divergence from EU data protection.
Does the Law Change Preferences?
Authors: Arlen Jennifer , Kornhauser Lewis A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
“I would prefer not”
HERMAN MELVILLE, BARTLEBY THE SCRIVENER: A STORY OF WALL STREET (1853), reprinted in THE PIAZZA TALES 32, 48 (London, Sampson Low, Son & Co. 1856).

Scholars have recently challenged the claim in classical deterrence theory that law influences behavior only through the expected sanction imposed. Some go further and argue that law may also “shape preferences,” changing people’s wants and values. In this Article, we analyze existing claims that criminal and civil law alter preferences and conclude that none suggest that the law shapes preferences. We first clarify this preference-shaping claim by elaborating the structure of rational choice theory generally and “preference” in particular. We then investigate three mechanisms of legal influence suggested by the preference-shaping literature: (1) the “serious harm” mechanism; (2) the “social norm” mechanism; and (3) the “self-improvement” mechanism. We then show that each of these mechanisms operates by changing the agent’s beliefs about the attributes or consequences of her choice options rather than by changing her preferences.
Preferences and Compliance with International Law
Authors: Chilton Adam , Linos Katerina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
International law lacks many of the standard features of domestic law. There are few legislative or judicial bodies with exclusive authority over particular jurisdictions or subject matters, the subjects regulated by international law typically must affirmatively consent to be bound by it, and supranational authorities with the power to coerce states to comply with international obligations are rare. How can a legal system with these features generate changes in state behavior? For many theories, the ability of international law to inform and change individual preferences provides the answer. When voters care that treaty commitments be kept, or that international norms be honored, the theory goes, leaders are more likely to be able to make choices consistent with international obligations. Over the last decade, a literature has emerged testing these theories using surveys and experiments embedded in surveys. Multiple U.S. studies find that international law and international norm arguments shift public opinion in the direction of greater compliance by 4 to 20 percentage points. However, studies in foreign contexts are more mixed, with some backlash reported in countries in which international law is highly politicized. This Article describes the state of current knowledge about whether international law actually does change preferences, explains the limitations with existing research, and proposes avenues for future study.
Sustainable Bio-methane generation from Petrochemical Wastewater using CSTR
Authors: Siddique Md. Nurul Islam , A. Wahid Zularisham 
Published: August 2021

The effect of gradual increase in organic loading rate (0LR) and temperature on biomethanation from petrochemical wastewater treatment was investigated using CSTR. The digester performance measured at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of4 to 2d, and start up procedure of the reactor was monitoredfor 60 days via chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, biogas and methane production. By enhancing the temperature from 30 to 55 “C Thermophilic condition was attained, and pH was adjusted at 7 i 0.5. Supreme COD removal competence was 98i0.5% (r = 0.84) at an 0LR of 7.5 g-COD/Ld and 4d HRT. Biogas and methane yield were logged to an extreme of 0.80 L/g-CODremoved d (r = 0.81), 0.60 L/g-CODremoved d (r = 0.83), and mean methane content of biogas was 65.49%. The full acclimatization was established at 55 C with high COD removal efficiency and biogas production. An 0LR of 7.5 g-COD/L d and HRT of 4 days were apposite forpetrochemical wastewater treatment.
Repeated Suicide Attempts Among Service Users of An Emergency Service in Northern Colombia: Characteristics, Associated Factors, And Management
Authors: Aristizabal Diaz-Granados Edith T , Chamorro Coneo Ana M , Rodriguez Acosta Sandra M 
Published: August 2021

Suicide has increased close to 60% in the last four decades worldwide. In Colombia, during the year 2019, 10,9% of violent deaths were due to suicide. This study aimed to identify risk factors predicting repeated suicide attempts. It also aimed to describe the management of suicidal behaviour within an emergency department of Northern Colombia. Dataset comprised 336 medical records of individuals seeking medical assistance for intentional selfharm between 2008-2019; 136 medical records were associated with previously reported suicide attempts. Results from a multivariate logistic regression showed that suicide ideation and having a history of psychiatric disorders significantly predicted repeated suicide attempts. Furthermore, repeated attempts were more likely in underaged individuals and young adults. Management of patients engaging in suicidal behaviour involved hospitalization and outpatient mental health services. However, a few patients were sent home with recommendations or were noncompliant. Findings from this study highlight the importance to develop evidence-based screening and monitoring protocols that prevent repeated suicide attempts.

How to cite this article: Aristizabal-Diazgranados, E. T., Chamorro-Coneo, A. M., & Rodriguez-Acosta, S. (2021). Repeated Suicide Attempts Among Service Users of An Emergency Service in Northern Colombia: Characteristics, Associated Factors, And Management. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 30(2), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v30n2.88942
I. L'Homme et le Cosmos dans L'Espoir et Les Noyers de l'Altenburg d'André Malraux
Authors: Girard Par René 
Published: August 2021

L'Espoir et Les Noyers de l'Altenburg, les deux derniers romans d'André Malraux, sont écrits dans un style qui présente avec celui des œuvres précédentes des différences importantes.Le lecteur a l'impression que l'auteur hausse souvent le ton et qu'il vise a Vampleur la ou il se contentait naguere de violence. Gaetan Picon a remarque que Malraux ecrivait plus “grand” et plus “large” qu'auparavant. Le but du present article est de montrer que, loin de constituer des metaphores, ces remarques definissent le caractere essentiel de ce qu'on pourrait appeler le “style cosmique” de Malraux.
Actitud frente a los Acuerdos de Paz: escepticismo en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Pérez-Montero Eilen , Camacho-Coy Hipólito 
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Valorar las actitudes en estudiantes universitarios de dos instituciones de educación superior, pública y privada, frente a los acuerdos firmados en el proceso de paz entre el gobierno nacional y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. Método: Es un enfoque empírico-analítico, con diseño cuantitativo y se aplicó una entrevista tipo Likert a 511 estudiantes, para determinar las actitudes de los estudiantes desde tres dimensiones: cognitiva, conductual y afectivo. Resultados: muestran que los dos grupos de jóvenes perciben el acuerdo de paz con una actitud negativa. El desconocimiento de los puntos firmados y su proceso de implementación genera poca aceptación hacia la integración de los desmovilizados en la vida civil. El rechazo a establecer relaciones afectivas con los desmovilizados se ubica entre 1 y 2 en una escala de 1 a 5 puntos para las dos instituciones. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los estudiantes universitarios consultados durante la investigación piensan que los excombatientes de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia no tendrán una vida armónica al integrarse a las comunidades y en alguna medida continuarán usando prácticas relacionadas con el uso de armas y la extorsión. Así mismo, no muestran una actitud favorable hacia la vinculación de los desmovilizados a su familia y la realización de actividades laborales o comerciales con ellos. Se deben establecer escenarios transformadores de las dinámicas psicosociales, para construir una lógica no violenta de reconciliación, perdón y no repetición.
AĞIR COVID-19 PNÖMONİSİNDE PULSE STEROİD TEDAVİSİNİN MORTALİTE ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: BİNDAL Ahmet 
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 hastalığının süreci esnasında ortaya çıkan
hiperinflamatuar fazda kullanılan pulse steroid tedavisinin
hastaların inflamatuar belirteçlerine ve klinik
durumlarına etkisini gözlemlemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Bu çalışmada hiperinflamatuar faz nedeniyle pulse
steroid (yüksek doz metilprednizolon) ile tedavi edilen,
COVID-19 PCR (polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu)
testi pozitif olan 30 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastaların
klinik durumları ve inflamatuar belirteçleri retrospektif
olarak incelendi. Hastalar; yaş, cinsiyet, entübasyon
durumu, klinik düzelme, taburculuk, mortalite oranı,
tedavi başlangıcından 24-48-72. saat ve 7. günde ölçülen;
C-reaktif protein (CRP), prokalsitonin, ferritin,
oksijen saturasyon değeri ve lenfosit sayısı açısından
değerlendirildi.
Bulgular
Toplamda pulse steroid tedavisi alan 21 erkek, 9 kadın
olmak üzere 30 hasta incelendi. Ortanca yaş 66
[31-88] olarak hesaplandı. Çalışmada 15 (%50) hasta
vefat etmiş olup, bunun 11’i erkek, 4’ü kadın hastaydı.
Yaşayan ve ölen hastalar karşılaştırıldıklarında; pulse
steroid tedavisi sonrası 72. saat ve 7. günde ölçülen
ferritin, CRP, prokalsitonin değerlerinin yaşayan hasta
grubunda anlamlı olarak azaldığı görüldü. (sırasıyla
72. saat p= 0,01; 0,08 ;
Clinical and laboratory profile of COVID-19 in children below 15 years
Authors: Chellappan Indumathi , Palanisamy Venkateshwaran , Elangovan Bharathi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in children has varied clinical presentations from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia, multi system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and rarely death. To date, limited data has been published on the profile of COVID-19 infection among Indian children. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical spectrum, laboratory parameters, treatment and it’s outcome in children less than 15 years admitted with COVID-19 infection.Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in a tertiary care hospital. Children with COVID-19 infection detected by Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included. Results: Out of 167 children, 93 were males (55.6%) and median (Interquartile range- IQR) age of children admitted were 9 (4-13) years. Family cluster (71%) was the dominant source of infection. Majority were asymptomatic (60%, N=100). The predominant symptoms were fever (29%), cough (16%) and rhinorrhea (4.1%). Seven (4.1%) children had comorbidities and two (28%) among them had moderate to severe disease. Median (IQR) total leucocyte count was 7 (4-10) ×103 µl and platelet count was 390 (275-500) ×103 µl. Leukopenia was observed in 58% (N=81), lymphocytosis in 32.8% (N=46) and thrombocytopenia in 3.5% (N=5). Inflammatory markers were raised in 10-15% of children. Peri-bronchial cuffing was the common abnormality (N=14, 17.5%) in chest X-ray (CXR) and peripheral heterogeneous opacities were noted in severe disease. Children with moderate to severe symptoms were treated with remdesivir and steroids.Conclusions: COVID-19 infection in children was often benign and increased severity was noted among those with comorbidities. Leukopenia, lymphocytosis were commonly observed. High inflammatory markers were noted in severe disease. Nil fatality among our study group.
Neonatal Leuconostoc lactis meningitis
Authors: Arumugam Senthil Kumar , Govindharaj Kaviyarasan 
Published: August 2021

Leuconostoc lactis has a low potential for human infection, although serious infections have been documented in immunocompromised persons. The source of this organism is a dairy product. A 3-day old neonate was presented with multifocal clonic seizures who were given formula feed from birth. We isolated Leuconostoc lactis in his Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is resistant to vancomycin. L. lactis meningitis was treated successfully with the injection of ampicillin-sulbactam.
Standardization of Amarantha hair oil with special reference to identification of β-sitosterol as major component having 5α-reductase inhibitory activity/hair growth promoting activity
Authors: Keshwar Unmesh S. , Nipanikar Sanjay U. , Kasabe Ankita R. , Patil Priyanka B. 
Published: August 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women. Synthetic drugs like minoxidil and finastride are available treatment for androgenetic alopecia, however, use of these drugs on long term basis may cause many side effects. Hence there was a need to have an effective and safe alternative option. Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. has developed Amarantha hair oil (herbal hair oil) to be used for dandruff, hair fall and premature greying of hair. The aim was to standardize Amarantha hair oil with special reference to identification of β-sitosterol as major component having 5α-reductase inhibitory activity/hair growth promoting activity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Amarantha hair oil was prepared by using various herbal ingredients which contains β-sitosterol as active marker compound. Amarantha hair oil was evaluated for appearance, weight per ml, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, TLC Identification of β-sitosterol, assay of β-sitosterol content using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and microbiological tests. Also accelerated stability study was performed.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All the parameters tested were within normal limits. Amarantha hair oil was stable in accelerated stability study. We found that almost all the ingredients of formulation contain β-sitosterol when analysed using HPTLC. Amarantha hair oil contains 0.52% of β-sitosterol.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> All the ingredients and Amarantha hair oil contain β-sitosterol that helps in promotion of hair growth.</p><p> </p>
Slit skin smear or Fite-Faraco staining of tissue sample, which is a better indicator of bacillary load?
Authors: Appannavar Shruti , . Kiran , Ingalagi Amit Ashok , . Rohith 
Published: August 2021

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leprosy is clinically diagnosed on the basis of presence of following cardinal signs: 1. Hypopigmented or erythematous anesthetic patch on skin, 2. Thickened and/or tender peripheral/cutaneous nerve, 3. Acid fast bacilli in slit skin smear. This study aims at comparing bacillary indices in slit skin smears with that from biopsy samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After obtaining informed written consent, slit skin smears were performed and observed for acid fast bacilli. Punch biopsies of lesions were taken and processed and stained with Fite-Faraco technique. The presence or absence of acid-fast bacilli in both modalities was noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Slit skin smears were positive in 24 patients and negative in the rest. And 26 patient’s biopsy reports had Fite-Faraco positivity, out of the total 46 patients. The p=0.67 which was not significant at significance value 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Skin smear is an equally reliable indicator of bacillary load as Fite-Faraco bacillary index in tissue.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>