bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid composting of food waste and yard waste with effective microorganisms (EM)
Authors: Zakarya I A , Izhar T N T , Noordin N M , Ibrahim N , Kamaruddin S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rapid composting is an alternative method to reduce highly generated food waste and yard waste discarded to the landfill. This study aims to determine the effect of effective microorganisms (EM) application on the chemical and physical properties and to determine the performance and factors affecting the rapid composting process. The chemical and physical properties such as pH, temperature, moisture content, carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) nutrient are examined over rapid composting period in order to assess the performance of compost and effectiveness of EM in enhancing the degradation process of organic waste. There are three compost prepared which are A, B and C that received different ratio of EM which 1 L, 2 L and 3 L respectively. Based on the result obtained from the 54 days of composting conducted, compost A, B and C show no significance differences on parameters tested. The temperature obtained mostly within the range 35-38 °C, pH values are 5-9, moisture content are 20-60 % and for NPK nutrient, Total Nitrogen content are 1.3 % to 1.4 %, Total Phosphorus are within 0.10 ppm to 0.45 ppm and Potassium are within 0.8 ppm to 6.7 ppm.
Influence of coupling beams to the energy dissipation of coupled steel plate shear wall
Authors: Fisol M F M , Samat R A , Bakar S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shear Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) is a lateral force resisting system that is usually used in high seismic regions. Opening can be accommodated by using coupled steel plate shear wall (CSPSW) where two or more SPSWs are placed adjacently and are connected by coupling beams. Maximum displacement, shear load capacity and energy dissipation are affected by the dimension of the coupling beams. The construction cost of the building can be reduced vastly by optimizing the size of the coupling beams where the capability of CSPSW to resist the earthquake is maximized. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the behaviour of maximum displacement, shear load capacity and energy dissipation of the CSPSW when the width, depth and length of the coupling beams are varied. Fourteen CSPSW models were analysed by ABAQUS software, where the models were subjected to lateral cyclic loading as accordance to ATC24. Maximum displacement of the CSPSW was not affected by the dimensions of the coupling beams. Shear load capacity was increased as either the width or the depth of the coupling beam was increased, and achieved its maximum value when the length of the coupling beam was 1000 mm. The optimum width, depth and length of the coupling beam to maximize the energy dissipation of the CSPSW models were 200 mm, 1000 mm and 1000 mm, respectively.
Comparative study of concrete constructed using wastewater and potable water
Authors: Shamilah A A , Hamid M ’A A , Faizah B N , Mustaqqim A R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
80% of the water supplied, normally comes out as wastewater either domestic or industrial. The utilization of wastewater in concrete will reduce potable water usage in the construction industry. Approximately 150 litres of water are required for lm3 of concrete without considering other applications of water in the concrete industry. This research study has investigated the performance of concrete using wastewater. 60 total number of concrete cubes have been designed and constructed using 10%, 20%, 30% and 100% of wastewater. The experimental data indicated that 30% of wastewater content in the concrete mix have increased 18% of the concrete strength compared with the control sample. Meanwhile, the result of the X-Ray Fluorescence Test (XRF) test for the concrete sample recorded that the CA is higher than the 30% concrete sample.
A hydrodynamic model of an embankment breaching due to overtopping flow using FLOW-3D
Authors: Yusof Z M , Shirling Z A L , Wahab A K A , Ismail Z , Amerudin S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Embankment dam failures are concerning to many people in the society today, including dam engineers, federal, state, and local officials. The effects of dam failure may cause more harm than good; leading to the losses of lives, properties being damage, economic and environmental downfall. Embankment dam breaching is a complex process between hydraulics and soil erosion processes; until today it still requires more researches to be done. Many factors involved in embankment breaching such as cohesiveness of embankment material, compactness of the embankment soil material, height of the dam and slope of the dam. Through the help of simulation techniques such as computational fluid dynamics, it is possible to understand the behaviour of embankment breaching processes. In this research, modelling of embankment breaching with the aid of FLOW-3D allow us to open doors to plenty of experiments to breaching in the near future. This research focuses in analysing and comparing hydrodynamic parameters; breach outflow hydrograph, peak outflow rate Qp
and failure time iy, and geometric parameters; breach depth Hb
, and top breach width Bt
, of the modelling breached embankment for different sediment diameter and inflow rates. Moreover, the research also investigates the velocity magnitude and breach width during the embankment breaching process.
Application of Photogrammetry Technique for quarry stockpile estimation
Authors: Rohizan M H , Ibrahim A H , Abidin C Z C , Ridwan F M , Ishak R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The quarrying activities is one of the largest industries in the world which supplied aggregate primarily for construction of any buildings and structures. Continuous supply of aggregates is very important to ensure the construction activities can be carried out without delays. Hence, the quarry operators consistently monitor their stockpile volume to meet the client’s demands. In most cases, the determination of available stockpile at the quarry are done by utilizing conventional method (manual measurement of the stockpile’s dimension). This approach is time consuming and sometimes required professional surveyor to carry out the task. Hence in this work, a comparative study between conventional and photogrammetry method was done to estimate the stockpile in a quarry. Drone was flying to capture the aerial images of a stockpile in the quarry. The effect of the flying height and the percentage of overlapping on the accuracy of stockpile volume was studied. Result shows at lower percent of side overlap (50%), the accuracy of estimation is better. The difference between the photogrammetry technique and conventional method only 2.5%. It can be concluded that photogrammetry technique is very reliable to be applied by the quarry operators to estimate their stockpile volume.
Effect of Different Levels of Catalysts and Chemicals Primer on Content of Induced Callus Tissue of Cotyledon Leaves of Spilanthes Acmella Seedlings on Some Chemical Traits in Vitro
Authors: Ahmed Marir Ekhlas Meteab 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad for the period from September/2018 to July 2019. The induced callus from the cotyledon leaves of seedlings of the Spilanthes acmella plant was used in order to know the effect of chemical catalysts and Starmedium was added to Glutamine (250, 300, 350) mgters on the chemical content. After 4 weeks of planting, the primary callus was planted at 150 mg in the nutrient medium supplemented with auxin,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) 2.0 mg.L−1 and cytokinin Benzyl Adenine (BA) 0.5 mg.L−1 at constant concentrations in the first five medium, to which the catalyst was added salicylic acid at concentrations (25, 50, 75) μmol). The second medium was added to methyl jasmonate at concentrations (25, 50, 75 μmol) of the third medium was added to Casein hydrolysate at concentrations (25, 50, 75 μmol) of the fourth medium was added to Glutamine (250, 300, 350) mg. L−1. The results showed that the treatment of nutritional medium with high concentrations of stimulants and primer led to a significant increase in the content of plant tissues (the induced callus from the cotyledons) of total carbohydrates, the percentage of protein, the content of callus from the carotene pigment and content of proline, while the comparison treatment was the most effective in vegetable tissue contents of total carbohydrates and protein percentage and content of callus from the carotene pigment and proline, as well as this confirms that all treatments led to a positive and direct increase of chemical compounds content of plant tissues of chemical traits, especially in the treatment of Salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, casein hydrolysate, glutamine, and phenylalanine (75 micromoles, 75 micromoles, 75 micromoles, 350 mg.L−1, 150 micromoles) respectively, were followed by the treatments of Salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, casein hydrolysate, glutamine and phenylalanine (50 μmol, 50 μmol, 50 μmol, 300 mg.L−1, 100 μmol), respectively. The aim of this study is to know the effect of Salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, casein hydrolysate, glutamine, and phenylalanine in the induction and differentiation of callus of cotyledon leaves cotyledon leaves of Spilanthes acmella seedlings on some chemical traits in vitro.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Myrtle (Myrtus Communis L.) by Using SSR Technique
Authors: Adham Alyaa Muayad , Sabah Saleh Shehab , Mahmoud Mohammed Radwan , Fahel Omar Farouk 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research carried out to compare some of the individuals of Myrtle from bushes in different environmental sites (Lattakia, Safita, Qusul Maaf, northern Aleppo and at different altitudes from the sea surface). The genetic diversity of 19 genotypes was tested using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) technique with 10 primers. The results of DNA extraction showed a high molecular size fragment as a band at the top of each lane, additionally to a partial degradation. At the end DNA concentration, integrity and purity were enough for SSR marker. Genetic variations were detected by SSR marker with similarity coefficient ranged between 0.08 – 0.89 based on Dice coefficient. Total of 27 alleles were scored from 19 genotypes, and the number of alleles was ranged between 2 (myrcom8 and 9) and 4 (myrcom2 and 6). The calculated value of polymorphism information content (PIC) was ≤ 0.5. Nineteen genotypes were distributed on three main clusters, two of them II and III included minimum number of genotypes from humid climate sites, while the majority of genotypes was distributed on cluster I in mixed manner.
Isolation and Diagnosis of Pathogenic Fungi Associated With Zucchini Cucurbita Pepo Roots and Their Bio-Control
Authors: Ali Muhsen Abd , Merzah Nazar Rashid , Jubair Ali Faraj 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and diagnose the main pathogens of zucchini root rot, test their pathogenicity, and evaluate their control with some biological agents under laboratory conditions. The results of diagnostic isolation from the roots of the zucchini crop that showed symptoms of the disease showed the presence and dominance of two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (FO1, FO2), three isolates of Fusarium solani (FS1, FS2, FS3) and three isolates of Rhizoctonia solani (RS1, RS2, RS3) and two isolates of Pythium spp (PY1, PY2), which was present in a ratio of 65-25% in most of the samples collected from the fields of the Faculty of Agriculture/University of Karbala. F. solani had the highest frequency, at 60.00%, and had the highest occurrence in sample 3, which was 65.00%, followed by R. solani and F. oxysporum with 48.33 and 40.00% occurrence, respectively. The pathogenicity test of fungal isolates on red radish seeds showed that all isolates significantly reduced radish seeds germination under laboratory conditions. The results showed the effect of pathogenic fungal isolates on germination and growth of zucchini plants in protected cultivation, which led to a significant reduction in germination percentage, fresh weight of the plant, plant height and a high rate of disease severity. FS1 and RS1 isolates completely prevented seed germination, followed by FS2 and FO2 isolates with equal germination rate of 22.22%, compared to control treatment with 100% germination rate. FS2 isolate had the highest infection severity rate of 97%, followed by FO2 isolation with 94% compared to no infection in control treatment. The minimum plant length was 0.267 cm in the FS2 isolation treatment, followed by the FS3 isolate, with a plant length of 0.567 cm, compared to 2.553 cm in the control treatment. FO1 isolation led to the highest reduction in plant fresh weight by 81%, followed by isolate FS2 with 78% compared to control treatment. The test of the inhibitory ability of the biological control agents showed the presence of high antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum, Chaetomium sp and Sordaria sp against pathogenic fungal isolates. T. harzianum was the highest antagonistic against all the pathogenic fungal isolates, recording grade 1 antagonism according to Bell et al. (1982) after seven days of dual culture. Also, Chaetomium sp and Sordaria sp showed antagonistic ability of 1 and 2 degrees against pathogenic fungal isolates under study.
Effect of Jasmonic Acid on Stimulating The Growth and Development of Date Palm Callus (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Cultivar Shukar in Vitro Under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Al-Qatrani Muna K.J. , Al Khalifa Aqeel A.S. , Obaid Nada Ab. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory at the Date Palm Research Center, University of Basrah. Using the date palm callus, Shukar cultivar, obtained from culturing the apical and axillary buds in sterile artificial nutrient media, to determine the effect of adding (0, 25, 50, 75) μM concentrations of Jasmonic acid (JA) to the MS media supplemented with several concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 200) mM were added, on the growth response and morphological development of callus after four months of cultivation in the propagation media. Results showed a significant decrease in growth characteristics in response to an increase in salt level, without the degree of callus browning that’s increased with the increase in the level of sodium chloride, especially at the two levels (100, 200) mM. Results showed also that the addition of Jasmonic acid to the saline treatments greatly enhanced the growth parameters of culture callus, as the rate of biomass, water content, relative growth rate, and the number of somatic embryos generated. as well as the degree of browning decreased significantly according to the levels of sodium chloride and the concentrations of added Jasmonic acid. The study demonstrated the effective role of exogenous addition of Jasmonic acid in vitro culture systems in enhancing stress tolerance of cells and tissues cultured in saline media.
Response of Sweet Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) to Spray of Aspartic and Glutamic Acids, and Their Effect on Its Growth and Its Volatile Oil Content
Authors: Al-Zyadi Qasim Ajel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Experiment was conducted in fields of Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, during the growing season 2020, to study the response of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to spraying three concentrations of aspartic acid (0, 75 and 150 mg.L−1) and with three concentrations of glutamic acid (0, 75 and 150 mg.L−1), and their impact on its growth and essential oil content. Results showed that the basil plants that have been sprayed with aspartic acid at a concentration (150 mg.L−1) significantly superior in plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot, percentage and yield of volatile oil (45.61cm, 19.70 gm.plant−1, 1.80 gm.plant−1, 1.75 % and 31.48 μL.plant−1) respectively. Results also showed the significant effect of spraying glutamic acid at a concentration (150 mg.L−1), which gave highest values in plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot, percentage and yield of volatile oil (48.67 cm., 20.28 gm.plant−1, 1.83 gm.plant−1, 1.56 % and 29.08 μL.plant−1) respectively.
Evaluation of The Genotype of Barbus Luteus (Heckel, 1843) in Dhi Qar and Basra by ISSR-PCR Technique
Authors: Alomairi Majeed Shnawa Sfyh , Hassooni Hadi Awad , Alkhateeb Ahmed R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics/Marine Sciences Center/University of Basrah, from 1/1/2019 to 1/1/2020. Tissue samples of Hamri fish were randomly collected from the governorates of Basra (Al-Qurna District) and Dhi Qar (Al-Nasr District). A total samples was 60, including 30 samples from Basra and 30 from Dhi Qar. The results show that the ISSR 12 primer has a genetic morphology 100%, gave the molecular weights in Dhi Qar Governorate (73 and 255) and in Basra Governorate (66, 65). Primer No. (2) also took shape in the province of Dhi Qar (166, 186, 244), and in the province of Basra (194, 237). The primer (ISSR12) gave 8 bundles, with a molecular weight ranging from (73,255) to samples taken from the Dhi Qar and Basra regions. As for the primer (ISSR8).
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Pomegranate Peel Powder to Feed on Some Biochemical Blood Traits of Laying Hens
Authors: Jabber Salam Saeb , Khalil Ali Hussain , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effect of adding pomegranate peel powder to feed on some blood traits of laying hens was studied. The experiment treatment were as 0, 2, 4 and 6 g pomegranate peel powder/1 kg diet for treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4). The study traits were the concentration of cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin. Results show that the concentration of cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin concentration that there were no significant differences in these traits at the beginning of the experiment (at the age of 60 weeks), while increased significantly at the age of 72 weeks compare with the control.
Defensive Impact of Co Q10 in Japanese Quail Males Raised Under Oxidative Stress Conditions
Authors: Taha Ahmed T. , Al-Tikriti Samawal S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was investigated the protective role of (CoQ10) on reproductive dysfunction of males quail induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Forty Japanese quail male 45 days old were randomly allotted into four groups with ten replicate one per each , and treated for 28 days as follows : (G1): the first control group (G2): reserved standard ratio and (1%) H2O2in drinking water. (G3): reserved production ratio + (100 mg Co Q10/kg diet) and (1%) H2O2in drinking water. (G4): reserved production ratio + (100 mg Co Q10/kg diet) and normal water. The results showed that exposure of birds to H2O2 caused decrease in serum glutathione level (GSH), testosterone, luteinizing hormones (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) hormones and this reflects on histology of testis by reducing seminiferous tubules diameter , area of germinal layer and germinal layer thickness. Whereas supplement of CoQ10 caused an increase the concentrations of theses, hormones in-group G4 as compared with group G2. It can noted that an addition was able to restore the oxidative stress birds (G3) to a state close to the natural state (G1). Though testicular histological modifications were made strides in grown-up Japanese quail male treated with CoQ10. In conclusion, the comes about of the display think about appeared that utilize of Co Q10 can easing the pernicious impacts on male regenerative work takingafter introduction toH2O, maybe through enhancement the antioxidant parameters or testicular capacities or other related endocrine organs.
The Effect of Date Palm Powder Soaked by Vinegar Instead Wheat in The Diet on The Blood Traits of Laying Hens
Authors: Hadwan Ali Abdul-Hussain , Baidi Ibrahim Fadhil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry field, Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, from 1/7/2020 to 22/9/2020. To determine the effect of date palm powder soaked by vinegar instead wheat in the diet on the blood trait of laying hens. A total of 105 laying hens, ISA Brown, 60 weeks old, were randomly distributed to 5 treatments, with 3 replicates. The treatments were as T1: (control treatment) without date palm powder soaked by vinegar. T2, T3, T4 and T5 date palm powder soaked by vinegar with 25, 50, 75 100% respectively instead wheat in the diet. Results show that a significant differences on some biochemical traits in the plasma of laying hens blood such as triglycerides, while a significant decrease on the concentration of glucose and cholesterol and triglycerides at 72 weeks of age, with a significant increase on calcium and phosphorous in the date palm powder soaked by vinegar treatments instead wheat at the age of 72 weeks.
Relationship of Cytokines Concentration With Mastitis Infection Degree in Holstein Cows Reared in The Middle of Iraq
Authors: Al-Taiy Mohammed K. , Judi Rash A. , Al-Dulaimi Makki Kh. , Al-Rubaye Talip A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study conducted by using ninety-five Friesian cows in the 3rd parity reared in private ruminant’s farm in the middle of Iraq (AL-Dewanya province) during the year 2020. All cows that used in this study were infected with mastitis in different degree to investigate the relationship between TNFa and IL-6 cytokines with the degree of mastitis. Results showed a significant relationship (P≤0.01) of mastitis degree with TNF-α concentration, the highest concentration of TNFa was recorded in cows with acute infection in whole udder namely, 102.11 Pg/ml while the lowest concentration was noticed in cows with simple mastitis infection. Results showed a significant difference (P≤0.01) in IL-6 concentration according to the degree of mastitis infection, the highest IL-6 level was in cows suffered from acute mastitis to reached as 58.3 pg/ml compared with the lowest level which noticed in cows with simple mastitis infection which was 15.82 pg/ml.
Effect of Chia Seeds Water Extract on Some Physiological Traits of Broiler
Authors: Alkenany Moatez Hamza , Al-Ardhi Saad A.A. , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at Poultry field, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University from 12/2/2020 to 6/1/2020. A total of 240 oneday, 40 g, Ross 308 broiler chicks, were used. The chicks were reared in four-storey batteries. Each floor contains a cage of dimensions 1.5 × 1 m. The chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental treatments of 60 chicks. For each treatment, three replicates of the treatment (20 chicks/duplicate). The treatments were as T1, T2, T3 and T4were add water extract of chia seeds to drinking water by 0, 2, 4 and 6 ml/liter of drinking water respectively.