bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers, sons and daughters: intergenerational transmission of education in Canada
Authors: Latif Ehsan 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study used data from the General Social Survey (2011) to examine the trends in intergenerational educational mobility in Canada for the 1940–1989 birth cohorts. To this end, the purpose of this study is to focus on the relationship between mothers' education and children's education.Design/methodology/approachThe study estimated intergenerational regression and correlation coefficients and several mobility indices, namely, the Prais–Shorrocks index, immobility index, upward mobility index and downward mobility index.FindingsThe study found considerable gender differences with respect to the trends in these coefficients and indices. The study found that, over the period of study, the correlation coefficient slightly increased for sons while it decreased for daughters. The Prais–Shorrocks index, immobility index, upward mobility index and downward mobility index show that educational mobility has increased for daughters while that of sons has decreased over time. Finally, the relative educational opportunities indicators also suggest a similar result that educational mobility has increased for the daughters while it fell for the sons.Originality/valueA number of studies used Canadian data to examine intergenerational educational mobility. However, no study particularly focused on the relationship between mothers' education and children's education. In recent years, women's labor force participation rate and employment rate increased significantly. Thus, it will be interesting to see how mothers' education is related to children's education in Canada.
Management accounting practices and efficiency in a Colombian multi-utility conglomerate
Authors: Barrios Álvarez Claudia , Adhikari Pawan , Gómez Mejía Alina 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how a state-owned Colombian multi-utility conglomerate (CMC) has used management accounting practices (MAPs) to shape efficiency. The authors bring out the interplay between structures and agency in the process of shaping efficiency, which has enabled the company to operate as a private enterprise, taking advantage of NPM-led reforms and management accounting technologies.Design/methodology/approachThis is an interpretative case study of a CMC. Data for the study are derived from interviews, non-participative observations and document analysis. Giddens' structuration theory (ST) provides the theoretical approach for the study.FindingsResults show that MAPs have shaped efficiency in a CMC, promoting the profitability criteria prevailing in private enterprises. Theoretically, the paper shows how structure and agency are embedded in shaping efficiency in an emerging economy context through MAPs. It does this by analysing both the broader influence of the School of Mines and multilateral development banks and the micro-situated practices of employees at the CMC. The employees who have worked in the company for long periods of time have transformed the profitability criteria into a corporate value that influences their day-to-day practices.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the literature that draws on the ST by illustrating a paradigmatic case, in which agents have brought in knowledge and values to a state-owned company, and changed its ethos and practices whilst remaining under state control.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and collagenous formation anomalies in vascular‐type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome via electron microscopy
Authors: Ishikawa Satoko , Kosho Tomoki , Kaminaga Tomoko , Miyamoto Manabu , Hamasaki Yoichiro , Yoshihara Shigemi , Hayashi Shujiro , Igawa Ken 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVascular‐type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is an autosomal‐dominant inherited disorder caused by a deficit in collagen III. It results from heterogeneous mutations in the α1 collagen III gene (COL3A1) and is associated with life‐threatening complications, even in younger patients. However, the details of the pathogenesis underlying the COL3A1 mutation causing vEDS remain unclear. Here, we focus on anomalies in collagen fiber size and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in patients with vEDS using electron microscopy (EM). We discovered that although the infants did not have vEDS, collagenous formations were similar to their samples in vEDS. Moreover, we examined the expression of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) as an ER stress marker and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) as a binding partner protein for collagen fibrils in the dermis and COL3A1. The expression levels of ATF6 in the vEDS group were significantly higher than in infants and controls; COMP and COL3A1 levels were significantly lower. The fragile collagen fibrils in vEDS might form as a result of ER stress and that small, newly formed collagen fibrils may appear. This research revealed a novel prospect regarding an issue that has been unclear for a long time, which is the reason for the abnormal sizes of collagenous fibrils in vEDS.
Dendritic cells inclusion and cell‐subset assessment improve flow‐cytometry‐based proliferation test in non‐immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Fernandez‐Santamaria Ruben , Bogas Gador , Palomares Francisca , Salas Maria , Fernandez Tahia D. , Jimenez Isabel , Barrionuevo Esther , Doña Inmaculada , Torres Maria Jose , Mayorga Cristobalina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLymphocyte transformation test (LTT) has been widely used to evaluate non‐immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (NIDHRs). However, the lack of standardization and the low sensitivity have limited its routine diagnostic use. The drug presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) and the assessment of proliferation on effector cells have shown promising results. Flow‐cytometry‐based methods can help apply these improvements. We aimed to assess the added value of using drug‐primed‐DCs and the determination of the proliferative response of different lymphocyte subpopulations in NIDHRs.MethodsPatients with confirmed NIDHR were evaluated by both conventional (C‐LTT) and with drug‐primed‐DCs LTT (dDC‐LTT)analysing the proliferative response in T cells and other effector cell subpopulations by using the fluorescent molecule, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE).ResultsThe C‐LTT showed a significantly lower sensitivity (29.4%) compared with dDC‐LTT (61.8%), which was confirmed analysing each particular clinical entity: SJS‐TEN (62.5% vs 87.5%), MPE (15% vs 47.4%) and AGEP (33% vs 80%). When including the effector cell subpopulations involved in each clinical entity, CD3++CD4+Th1 or CD3++NK cells in SJS‐TEN, CD3++CD4+Th1+NK cells in MPE and CD3++NK cells in AGEP, we could significantly increase the sensitivity of thein vitrotest to 100%, 68.4% and 100%, respectively, with an overall sensitivity of 87% and 85% of specificity in NIDHR.ConclusionsThe use of a flow‐cytometry‐based test, DCs as drug presenting cells, and focusing on effector cell subpopulations for each clinical entity significantly improved the drug‐specific proliferative response in NIDHRs with a unique cellularin vitrotest.
Makeshift camp methodologies along the Balkan Route
Authors: Minca Claudio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper reflects on some of the methodological challenges I was faced with during my recent fieldwork in refugee camps along the Balkan Route. In particular, I will discuss the difficulties related to the application of conventional research methods in a context largely determined by “irregular” mobilities and by changing relationships between formal and informal camps. In‐depth interviews, go‐along interviews, participant observation, and other methods were crucially affected by the camp context, including its visible and invisible structures of power. After briefly discussing the role played by the Serbian authorities in defining our work in “the field,” the article analyses how doing fieldwork in this specific context required endless methodological adjustments, especially when it concerned our encounters with refugees living in camps and the necessity to take into full account the precarious conditions in which interviews took place. The second part of the article, focused in particular on the methodological implications of working in refugee makeshift camps, interrogates the reliability of the information obtained under such peculiar conditions and the ethical concerns associated with our positioning when visiting informal refugee encampments along the Balkan Route. Questions related to the study of makeshift camps will also be analysed together with the need to adapt (often, “on site”) our methods to “camp circumstances” and to produce potential counter‐cartographies of refugee informal mobilities.
Are the concerns destroying mental health of college students?: A qualitative analysis portraying experiences amidst COVID‐19 ambiguities
Authors: Gupta Riya , Agrawal Rachna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoronavirus presenting an unforeseeable chain of events has exaggerated misery for students in India as they attracted the most detrimental experiences associated with lockdown restrictions leading to a shutdown of colleges as a preventive measure. The research endeavors to furnish a review of the overall hardships and psychological state of mind of college students and improvement in the implementation of policy decisions. Researchers conceptualize the newly discovered phenomenon by adopting grounded theory. Data from 256 newspaper articles, online articles and magazines have been gathered and converted into 256 separate files. To broaden the justification of research, social media analysis employing tweets, Facebook posts and Whatsapp messages are considered adding to the contributory prospects of the study. Compiled data is then refined through data mining technique. Triangulation approach amalgamating content analysis and thematic analysis has been deployed, thereby exploring the qualitative aspect of data gathering. Reviews from 31 students through telephonic conversation and 8 academic experts extended more accuracy to the research process. Findings administered academic disruptions with career concern, emotional suffering, financial concern, online learning, overseas injustice and psychological effects as the final themes representing various concerns experienced by college students. Hence, this work concludes with some constructive suggestions to deteriorate the amplified concerns.
Tropisetron balances immune responses via TLR2, TLR4 and JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in LPS‐stimulated PBMCs
Authors: Karimollah Alireza , Hemmatpur Anahid , Hosseini Nafise , Manshadi Mahdi Dehghan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerous documents have been stated that tropisetron, an antagonist of the 5‐HT3 receptor and α7nAChR agonist, modulates immune responses. However, the mechanistic basis for this aspect of tropisetron action is largely unknown. Here, the immuno‐modulatory effects of tropisetron are investigated, focusing on the possible molecular targets and the mechanisms. Aside from the well‐characterized role in immune signalling, JAK2/STAT3, TLR2 and TLR4 are signal transducers linked to both immuno‐modulatory actions of acetylcholine and serotonin. Therefore, we evaluated their involvement in the immunoregulatory effects of tropisetron. To test the hypothesis, we assessed the expression of pro‐/anti‐inflammatory cytokines including TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐17 and IL‐10 following tropisetron treatment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from healthy subjects. Tropisetron up‐regulates the transcription of TLR2, TLR4, JAK2 and STAT3 genes. Tropisetron also increases the expression of target pro‐inflammatory cytokines, although considerably suppresses the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐17 and TNF‐α) levels in media. Tropisetron notably promotes both IL‐10 gene expression and secretion. These findings confirm the antiphlogistic properties of tropisetron. The present data also shed light on a new aspect of tropisetron immune‐modulatory action that engaged TLR2, TLR4 and JAK2/STAT3 signalling cascades.
Ebselen reduces cigarette smoke‐induced endothelial dysfunction in mice
Authors: Brassington Kurt , Chan Stanley M. H. , Seow Huei Jiunn , Dobric Aleksandar , Bozinovski Steven , Selemidis Stavros , Vlahos Ross 
Published: February 2021

Background and PurposeIt is well established that both smokers and patients with COPD are at a significantly heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the mechanisms underpinning the onset and progression of co‐morbid CVD are largely unknown. Here, we explored whether cigarette smoke (CS) exposure impairs vascular function in mice and given the well‐known pathological role for oxidative stress in COPD, whether the antioxidant compound ebselen prevents CS‐induced vascular dysfunction in mice.Experimental ApproachMale BALB/c mice were exposed to either room air (sham) or CS generated from nine cigarettes per day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Mice were treated with ebselen (10 mg·kg−1, oral gavage once daily) or vehicle (5% w/v CM cellulose in water) 1 h prior to the first CS exposure of the day. Upon killing, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to assess pulmonary inflammation, and the thoracic aorta was excised to investigate vascular endothelial and smooth muscle dilator responses ex vivo.Key ResultsCS exposure caused a significant increase in lung inflammation which was reduced by ebselen. CS also caused significant endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta which was attributed to a down‐regulation of eNOS expression and increased vascular oxidative stress. Ebselen abolished the aortic endothelial dysfunction seen in CS‐exposed mice by reducing the oxidative burden and preserving eNOS expression.Conclusion and ImplicationsTargeting CS‐induced oxidative stress with ebselen may provide a novel means for treating the life‐threatening pulmonary and cardiovascular manifestations associated with cigarette smoking and COPD.
Single systemic right ventricle longitudinal strain: Intravendor reproducibility and intervendor agreement in children
Authors: Colquitt John L. , Wilkinson J. Chris , Liu Asela M. , Pignatelli Ricardo H. , Loar Robert W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeStrain derived from speckle‐tracking echocardiography is emerging as a useful tool in the assessment of single ventricle function. The purpose of this study is to compare layer‐specific longitudinal strain values in children with single, systemic right ventricles (sRV) using two commercially available software platforms (GE EchoPAC (EP) and TomTec (TT)).MethodsTwo readers analyzed two‐dimensional longitudinal strain on EP (v 202) and TT (v 2.21.25) in 40 pediatric sRV patients. Intravendor reproducibility and intervendor agreement between layer‐specific measurements were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis. Absolute difference (AbΔ) and relative mean errors (RME) were calculated. Subgroup comparisons (stratified by age, heart rate (HR), and frames per second (FPS): HR ratio) were made.ResultsMedian age was 4.4 years. 32 (80%) patients had hypoplastic left heart syndrome; 19 (48%) were post‐Fontan. Intravendor reproducibility was excellent with high ICC (0.86‐0.97). AbΔ between readers was small (1.2%‐1.5%) with interobserver RME slightly higher for TT (11%‐12% vs 8%‐9% for EP). Layer‐specific intervendor agreement was poor (ICC 0.45‐0.62). Default layer comparisons (EP mid vs TT endo) showed good agreement (ICC 0.72‐0.77) and less variability (AbΔ 2%, RME 15%) than layer‐to‐layer. There were no differences in ICC for groups dichotomized by age, HR, or FPS:HR ratio. sRV strain values are more negative when using EP.ConclusionIntravendor reproducibility for sRV peak longitudinal strain in children is excellent with acceptable variability between experienced users. Intervendor, layer‐specific strain agreement is poor. Vendor default layer strain values show better agreement but are not interchangeable.
Evolution of honey resistance in experimental populations of bacteria depends on the type of honey and has no major side effects for antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Bischofberger Anna M. , Pfrunder Cardozo Katia R. , Baumgartner Michael , Hall Alex R. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTWith rising antibiotic resistance, alternative treatments for communicable diseases are increasingly relevant. One possible alternative for some types of infections is honey, used in wound care since before 2000 BCE and more recently in licensed, medical‐grade products. However, it is unclear whether medical application of honey results in the evolution of bacterial honey resistance and whether this has collateral effects on other bacterial traits such as antibiotic resistance. Here, we used single‐step screening assays and serial transfer at increasing concentrations to isolate honey‐resistant mutants of Escherichia coli. We only detected bacteria with consistently increased resistance to the honey they evolved in for two of the four tested honey products, and the observed increases were small (maximum twofold increase in IC90). Genomic sequencing and experiments with single‐gene knockouts showed a key mechanism by which bacteria increased their honey resistance was by mutating genes involved in detoxifying methylglyoxal, which contributes to the antibacterial activity of Leptospermum honeys. Crucially, we found no evidence that honey adaptation conferred cross‐resistance or collateral sensitivity against nine antibiotics from six different classes. These results reveal constraints on bacterial adaptation to different types of honey, improving our ability to predict downstream consequences of wider honey application in medicine.
Ginsenoside Rb3 alleviates smoke‐induced lung injury via the H19/miR‐29b‐3p/HGMB1/TLR4 signalling pathway
Authors: Tan Yan , Sun Danxiong , Chen Juan , Li Rufang , Wang Shenglan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe over‐activation of inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of smoke‐induced lung injury (SILI), while Rb3 treatment may alleviate smoke‐induced lung injury by down‐regulating the expression of H19, a regulator of miR‐29b expression. Moreover, HMGB1 is an important mediator of inflammation. Therefore, in this study, we set up an animal model of SILI and treated it with Rb3 to study the effect of Rb3 on the treatment of SILI and the involvement of H19/miR‐29b/HMGB1/TLR4 signalling. SILI mice treated with Rb3 before H&E staining and TUNEL assay were conducted to observe the pathological damages and status of apoptosis in each group. Real‐time PCR, Western blot, computational analysis and luciferase assays were utilized to establish the signalling pathway involved in the pathogenesis of SILI and the action of Rb3 treatment. Rb3 treatment alleviated pathological changes in the lungs while decreasing the levels of W/D ratio and cell apoptotic index. H19 was validated to sponge miR‐29b‐3p, while HMGB1 mRNA was validated to be a target gene of miR‐29b‐3. As a result, a signalling pathway of H19/miR‐29b‐3p/HMGB1 was established. Cell viability was evidently reduced after 72 hours of treatment with CSE, but the treatment of Rb3 elevated the expression of H19 and HMBG1 in the presence of CSE. Also, CSE‐induced inhibition of miR‐29b‐3p expression was restored by Rb3. The findings of this study collectively demonstrated that Rb3 exhibited its therapeutic effect during the treatment of SILI via modulating the H19/miR‐29b‐3p/HMBG1 signalling pathway.
Exploration of the dietary habits, lifestyle patterns and barriers to healthy eating in UK post‐partum women
Authors: Stevens R. , Kelaiditi E. , Myrissa K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaternal nutrition during the post‐partum period (PPP) is important for optimal health. The aim of this study was to explore dietary habits, lifestyle patterns and barriers to healthy eating in post‐partum women. An online survey exploring eating habits, weight status, sleep duration, breastfeeding, nutrition knowledge, physical activity, provision of advice and barriers to healthy eating was completed by 228 women (56.1% were 25–34 years, mean PPP of 5.73 ± 3.31 months). A sub‐sample of 34 women (50% were 35–44 years) completed an optional online multiple‐pass 24‐hour recall. At 6 months post‐partum (n = 60), 72.3% of participants weighed more than their pre‐pregnancy weight (mean 5.56 ± 4.61 kg). In addition, while 60.8% (n = 107) of women had a healthy body mass index (BMI) pre‐pregnancy, this dropped to 46.7% (n = 77) in the PPP. Only 2.2% of women were meeting current UK physical activity guidelines and 73.7% were not meeting the 5 A DAY fruit and vegetable recommendations. Consumption of high calorie snacks and meal skipping were significantly higher during the PPP compared to pre‐pregnancy (P < 0.01). Meal skipping was significantly associated with poor nutrition knowledge (P < 0.05). Women who were breastfeeding had significantly lower BMI than those who were bottle‐feeding after adjusting for age of baby, education, socio‐economic status and BMI pre‐pregnancy (P < 0.05). Fatigue, lack of time and feeling stressed were the most common self‐reported barriers to healthy eating, and these were greater for women with low combined household income and those having ≥3 children (P < 0.05). Dietary analysis showed that women were not meeting the national recommendations for energy, fibre, iron and vitamin D. Diet and lifestyle advice given to post‐partum women needs to be tailored to different sociodemographic characteristics, pre‐pregnancy health status and baseline nutrition knowledge, with a greater focus on those experiencing more barriers to healthy eating.
Single cell gene regulatory networks in plants: Opportunities for enhancing climate change stress resilience
Authors: Tripathi Rajiv K. , Wilkins Olivia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobal warming poses major challenges for plant survival and agricultural productivity. Thus, efforts to enhance stress resilience in plants are key strategies for protecting food security. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are a critical mechanism conferring stress resilience. Until recently, predicting GRNs of the individual cells that make up plants and other multicellular organisms was impeded by aggregate population scale measurements of transcriptome and other genome‐scale features. With the advancement of high‐throughput single cell RNA‐seq and other single cell assays, learning GRNs for individual cells is now possible, in principle. In this article, we report on recent advances in experimental and analytical methodologies for single cell sequencing assays especially as they have been applied to the study of plants. We highlight recent advances and ongoing challenges for scGRN prediction, and finally, we highlight the opportunity to use scGRN discovery for studying and ultimately enhancing abiotic stress resilience in plants.