bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Redox Modulating Sonlicromanol Active Metabolite KH176m and the Antioxidant MPG Protect Against Short-Duration Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xiao Yang , Yim Karen , Zhang Hong , Bakker Diane , Nederlof Rianne , Smeitink Jan A. M. , Renkema Herma , Hollmann Markus W. , Weber Nina C. , Zuurbier Coert J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Sonlicromanol is a phase IIB clinical stage compound developed for treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Its active component, KH176m, functions as an antioxidant, directly scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and redox activator, boosting the peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin system. Here, we examined KH176m’s potential to protect against acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), compare it with the classic antioxidant N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG), and determine whether protection depends on duration (severity) of ischemia.

Methods
Isolated C56Bl/6N mouse hearts were Langendorff-perfused and subjected to short (20 min) or long (30 min) ischemia, followed by reperfusion. During perfusion, hearts were treated with saline, 10 μM KH176m, or 1 mM MPG. Cardiac function, cell death (necrosis), and mitochondrial damage (cytochrome c (CytC) release) were evaluated. In additional series, the effect of KH176m treatment on the irreversible oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), formed during ischemia only, was determined at 30-min reperfusion.

Results
During baseline conditions, both drugs reduced cardiac performance, with opposing effects on vascular resistance (increased with KH176m, decreased with MPG). For short ischemia, KH176m robustly reduced all cell death parameters: LDH release (0.2 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.5 U/min/GWW), infarct size (15 ± 8 vs 31 ± 20%), and CytC release (168.0 ± 151.9 vs 790.8 ± 453.6 ng/min/GWW). Protection by KH176m was associated with decreased cardiac 4-HNE. MPG only reduced CytC release. Following long ischemia, IRI was doubled, and KH176m and MPG now only reduced LDH release. The reduced protection against long ischemia was associated with the inability to reduce cardiac 4-HNE.

Conclusion
Protection against cardiac IRI by the antioxidant KH176m is critically dependent on duration of ischemia. The data suggest that with longer ischemia, the capacity of KH176m to reduce cardiac oxidative stress is rate-limiting, irreversible ischemic oxidative damage maximally accumulates, and antioxidant protection is strongly diminished.
Borderline Personality Traits and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Adolescents: The Role of Implicit Theories
Authors: McLachlan Jane , Mehdikhani Mani , Larham Beth , Centifanti Luna C. Muñoz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is associated with emotion dysregulation. The emotion regulation strategies people adopt may depend on one’s belief about emotion as either fixed or changeable (termed “implicit theory”). We test this experimentally by modifying beliefs about emotions using virtual reality (VR). A sample of 29 adolescents (ages 14–17 years) were recruited from two adolescent inpatient units for an uncontrolled pilot trial of a new brief intervention. We measured BPD traits, beliefs about emotion, treatment preference, cognitive reappraisal and rumination, before the VR game and 14–31 days later. Adolescents with higher levels of BPD traits endorsed fixed beliefs of emotion and reported higher levels of rumination and lower levels of cognitive reappraisal. After a one-time message delivered via VR, adolescents evidenced an increase in belief that their emotions were changeable. These findings suggest beliefs about emotions may have an important role in interventions for adolescents with BPD traits.
Projecting climate change impacts on Mediterranean finfish production: a case study in Greece
Authors: Stavrakidis-Zachou Orestis , Lika Konstadia , Anastasiadis Panagiotis , Papandroulakis Nikos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFinfish aquaculture in the Mediterranean Sea faces increasing challenges due to climate change, while potential adaptation requires a robust assessment of the arising threats and opportunities. This paper presents an approach developed to investigate effects of climate drivers on Greek aquaculture, a representative Mediterranean country with a leading role in the sector. Using a farm level approach, dynamic energy budget models for European seabass and meagre were developed, and environmental forcing was used to simulate changes in production and farm profitability under IPCC scenarios RCP45 and RCP85. The effects of temperature and extreme weather events at the individual and farm levels were considered along with that of husbandry parameters such as stocking timing, market size, and farm location (inshore, offshore) for nine regions. The simulations suggest that at the individual level, fish may benefit from warmer temperatures in the future in terms of growth, thus reaching commercial sizes faster, while the husbandry parameters may have as large an effect on growth as the projected shifts in climatic cues. However, this benefit will be largely offset by the adverse effects of extreme weather events at the population level. Such events will be more frequent in the future and, depending on the intensity one assigns to them, they could cause losses in biomass and farm profits that range from mild to detrimental for the industry. Overall, these results provide quantification of some of the potential threats for an important aquaculture sector while suggesting possibilities to benefit from emerging opportunities. Therefore, they could contribute to improving the sector’s readiness for tackling important challenges in the future.
The use of ICT by ESL teachers working with young learners during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Poland
Authors: Marchlik Paulina , Wichrowska Kamila , Zubala Ewelina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe article presents selected aspects of the empirical qualitative research conducted by the authors at the end of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, in July and August 2020. As in March 2020 SARS-CoV-2 virus started to spread, the Polish Ministry of Education decided to close nearly all educational institutions, and teachers were forced to carry out lessons using the means of distance education. The authors of this paper tried to establish how teachers of English as a second language (ESL) working with young learners in three different types of institutions (public and private (pre-primary and primary) schools, language schools) coped with the situation of teaching a foreign language under these unusual circumstances. One of the results showed that teachers in three types of settings received different support. This either helped them to cope with the new situation of remote teaching, e.g. by choosing a platform for online teaching or providing meetings with a methodologist (private settings and language schools) or caused more confusion by leaving the decisions to the teachers (public settings). The findings of the study may contribute to the knowledge of remote education development and implementation of new technologies in teaching English to young learners, which may result in better quality language education in the future.
The missing link in gravitational-wave astronomy
Authors: Sedda Manuel Arca , Berry Christopher P. L. , Jani Karan , Amaro-Seoane Pau , Auclair Pierre , Baird Jonathon , Baker Tessa , Berti Emanuele , Breivik Katelyn , Caprini Chiara , Chen Xian , Doneva Daniela , Ezquiaga Jose M. , Ford K. E. Saavik , Katz Michael L. , Kolkowitz Shimon , McKernan Barry , Mueller Guido , Nardini Germano , Pikovski Igor , Rajendran Surjeet , Sesana Alberto , Shao Lijing , Tamanini Nicola , Warburton Niels , Witek Helvi , Wong Kaze , Zevin Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince 2015 the gravitational-wave observations of LIGO and Virgo have transformed our understanding of compact-object binaries. In the years to come, ground-based gravitational-wave observatories such as LIGO, Virgo, and their successors will increase in sensitivity, discovering thousands of stellar-mass binaries. In the 2030s, the space-based LISA will provide gravitational-wave observations of massive black holes binaries. Between the $\sim 10$
∼
10
–103 Hz band of ground-based observatories and the $\sim 10^{-4}$
∼
1

0

−
4

–10− 1 Hz band of LISA lies the uncharted decihertz gravitational-wave band. We propose a Decihertz Observatory to study this frequency range, and to complement observations made by other detectors. Decihertz observatories are well suited to observation of intermediate-mass ($\sim 10^{2}$
∼
1

0

2

–104M⊙) black holes; they will be able to detect stellar-mass binaries days to years before they merge, providing early warning of nearby binary neutron star mergers and measurements of the eccentricity of binary black holes, and they will enable new tests of general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics. Here we summarise how a Decihertz Observatory could provide unique insights into how black holes form and evolve across cosmic time, improve prospects for both multimessenger astronomy and multiband gravitational-wave astronomy, and enable new probes of gravity, particle physics and cosmology.
High-Level Parallel Ant Colony Optimization with Algorithmic Skeletons
Authors: de Melo Menezes Breno A. , Herrmann Nina , Kuchen Herbert , Buarque de Lima Neto Fernando 
Published: April 2021

AbstractParallel implementations of swarm intelligence algorithms such as the ant colony optimization (ACO) have been widely used to shorten the execution time when solving complex optimization problems. When aiming for a GPU environment, developing efficient parallel versions of such algorithms using CUDA can be a difficult and error-prone task even for experienced programmers. To overcome this issue, the parallel programming model ofAlgorithmic Skeletonssimplifies parallel programs by abstracting from low-level features. This is realized by defining common programming patterns (e.g. map, fold and zip) that later on will be converted to efficient parallel code. In this paper, we show how algorithmic skeletons formulated in the domain specific languageMusketcan cope with the development of a parallel implementation of ACO and how that compares to a low-level implementation. Our experimental results show thatMusketsuits the development of ACO. Besides making it easier for the programmer to deal with the parallelization aspects,Musketgenerates high performance code with similar execution times when compared to low-level implementations.
MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: EC 1.5.1.20) SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and homocysteine in patients referred for investigation of fertility
Authors: Ménézo Yves , Patrizio Pasquale , Alvarez Silvia , Amar Edouard , Brack Michel , Brami Charles , Chouteau Jacques , Clement Arthur , Clement Patrice , Cohen Marc , Cornet Dominique , Dale Brian , D’ Amato Guiseppe , Jacquesson-Fournols Laetitia , Mares Pierre , Neveux Paul , Sage Jean Clement , Servy Edouard , Huong To Minh , Viot Geraldine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeMTHFR, one of the major enzymes in the folate cycle, is known to acquire single-nucleotide polymorphisms that significantly reduce its activity, resulting in an increase in circulating homocysteine. Methylation processes are of crucial importance in gametogenesis, involved in the regulation of imprinting and epigenetic tags on DNA and histones. We have retrospectively assessed the prevalence of MTHFR SNPs in a population consulting for infertility according to gender and studied the impact of the mutations on circulating homocysteine levels.MethodsMore than 2900 patients having suffered at least two miscarriages (2 to 9) or two failed IVF/ICSI (2 to 10) attempts were included for analysis of MTHFR SNPs C677T and A1298C. Serum homocysteine levels were measured simultaneously.ResultsWe observed no difference in the prevalence of different genetic backgrounds between men and women; only 15% of the patients were found to be wild type. More than 40% of the patients are either homozygous for one SNP or compound heterozygous carriers. As expected, the C677T SNP shows the greatest adverse effect on homocysteine accumulation. The impact of MTHFR SNPs on circulating homocysteine is different in men than in women.ConclusionsDetermination of MTHFR SNPs in both men and women must be seriously advocated in the presence of long-standing infertility; male gametes, from MTHFR SNPs carriers, are not exempted from exerting a hazardous impact on fertility. Patients should be informed of the pleiotropic medical implications of these SNPs for their own health, as well as for the health of future children.
Quantifying the effects of long-range 13C-13C dipolar coupling on measured relaxation rates in RNA
Authors: Olenginski Lukasz T. , Dayie Theodore K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSelective stable isotope labeling has transformed structural and dynamics analysis of RNA by NMR spectroscopy. These methods can remove 13C-13C dipolar couplings that complicate 13C relaxation analyses. While these phenomena are well documented for sites with adjacent 13C nuclei (e.g. ribose C1′), less is known about so-called isolated sites (e.g. adenosine C2). To investigate and quantify the effects of long-range (> 2 Å) 13C-13C dipolar interactions on RNA dynamics, we simulated adenosine C2 relaxation rates in uniformly [U-13C/15N]-ATP or selectively [2-13C]-ATP labeled RNAs. Our simulations predict non-negligible 13C-13C dipolar contributions from adenosine C4, C5, and C6 to C2 longitudinal (R1) relaxation rates in [U-13C/15N]-ATP labeled RNAs. Moreover, these contributions increase at higher magnetic fields and molecular weights to introduce discrepancies that exceed 50%. This will become increasingly important at GHz fields. Experimental R1 measurements in the 61 nucleotide human hepatitis B virus encapsidation signal ε RNA labeled with [U-13C/15N]-ATP or [2-13C]-ATP corroborate these simulations. Thus, in the absence of selectively labeled samples, long-range 13C-13C dipolar contributions must be explicitly taken into account when interpreting adenosine C2 R1 rates in terms of motional models for large RNAs.
Strategies for an Efficient Official Publicity Campaign
Authors: Neirotti Juan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the process of opinion formation, in a society where there is a set of rulesBthat indicates whether a social instance is acceptable. Public opinion is formed by the integration of the voters’ attitudes which can be either conservative (mostly in agreement withB) or liberal (mostly in disagreement withBand in agreement with peer voters). These attitudes are represented by stable fixed points in the phase space of the system. In this article we study the properties of a perturbative term, mimicking the effects of a publicity campaign, that pushes the system from the basin of attraction of the liberal fixed point into the basin of the conservative point, when both fixed points are equally likely.
An Augmented Lagrangian Method for Cardinality-Constrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Kanzow Christian , Raharja Andreas B. , Schwartz Alexandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA reformulation of cardinality-constrained optimization problems into continuous nonlinear optimization problems with an orthogonality-type constraint has gained some popularity during the last few years. Due to the special structure of the constraints, the reformulation violates many standard assumptions and therefore is often solved using specialized algorithms. In contrast to this, we investigate the viability of using a standard safeguarded multiplier penalty method without any problem-tailored modifications to solve the reformulated problem. We prove global convergence towards an (essentially strongly) stationary point under a suitable problem-tailored quasinormality constraint qualification. Numerical experiments illustrating the performance of the method in comparison to regularization-based approaches are provided.
Chinese teachers’ perceptions of an online teacher course and its results
Authors: Li Nan , Taconis Ruurd , den Brok Perry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigated teachers’ perceptions of an online inservice teacher course in China and its outcomes, as well as connections between these two types of perceptions. Data were collected from a sample of 251 teachers following a course on Information and Communication Technology in education using a questionnaire survey and interviews. Teachers were generally satisfied with the setup and content of the course, but considered that interaction during training and motivation were not optimal. A correlation analysis showed that teachers’ perceptions of the course were significantly and positively related to their perceptions of training outcomes. Regression analyses revealed that the connection of training content with teachers’ daily practice contributed most positively to teachers’ perceptions of the training outcomes. Suggestions for optimizing online inservice teacher courses are provided.
Ricoeur’s hermeneutic arc and the “narrative turn” in the ethics of care
Authors: Russo Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract“Patient-centred care” is the recent response to the malaise produced in the field of health care from the point of view both of a technical mentality and the paternalistic model. The interest in the story-telling approach shown by both the humanities and the social sciences has favoured a “narrative turn” in medicine too, where the new ethics of therapeutic relationship consider the hermeneutic method a means by which to integrate evidence and subjectivity, scientific data and patient experience. The aim of this paper is to show how Ricoeur’s theory of “threefold mimesis” makes a conceptual contribution to the use of narrative interviews in nursing and also be successfully transferred into and applied in the field of healthcare in general. First, the paper examines how this narrative approach might open up new possibilities for the acquisition of in-depth knowledge of patients’ life experiences, a condition indispensable for the improvement of the quality of care. Secondly, it highlights how this Ricoeurian method seems capable of provide an opportunity for healthcare professionals to review their own understanding of the caregiver-patient therapeutic relationship, beginning with their confrontation with the patient’s world as revealed by the narrative they provide.
Productive fitness in diversity-aware evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Gabor Thomas , Phan Thomy , Linnhoff-Popien Claudia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn evolutionary algorithms, the notion of diversity has been adopted from biology and is used to describe the distribution of a population of solution candidates. While it has been known that maintaining a reasonable amount of diversity often benefits the overall result of the evolutionary optimization process by adjusting the exploration/exploitation trade-off, little has been known about what diversity is optimal. We introduce the notion of productive fitness based on the effect that a specific solution candidate has some generations down the evolutionary path. We derive the notion of final productive fitness, which is the ideal target fitness for any evolutionary process. Although it is inefficient to compute, we show empirically that it allows for ana posteriorianalysis of how well a given evolutionary optimization process hit the ideal exploration/exploitation trade-off, providing insight intowhydiversity-aware evolutionary optimization often performs better.
Maintenance of the Neuroprotective Function of the Amino Group Blocked Fluorescence-Agmatine
Authors: Barua Sumit , Sim A Young , Kim Jong Youl , Shin Injae , Lee Jong Eun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAgmatine, an endogenous derivative of arginine, has been found to be effective in treating idiopathic pain, convulsion, stress-mediated behavior, and attenuate the withdrawal symptoms of drugs like morphine. In the early stages of ischemic brain injury in animals, exogenous agmatine treatment was found to be neuroprotective. Agmatine is also considered as a putative neurotransmitter and is still an experimental drug. Chemically, agmatine is called agmatine 1-(4-aminobutyl guanidine). Crystallographic study data show that positively-charged guanidine can bind to the protein containing Gly and Asp residues, and the amino group can interact with the complimentary sites of Glu and Ser. In this study, we blocked the amino end of the agmatine by conjugating it with FITC, but the guanidine end was unchanged. We compared the neuroprotective function of the agmatine and agmatine-FITC by treating them in neurons after excitotoxic stimulation. We found that even the amino end blocked neuronal viability in the excitotoxic condition, by NMDA treatment for 1 h, was increased by agmatine-FITC, which was similar to that of agmatine. We also found that the agmatine-FITC treatment reduced the expression of nitric oxide production in NMDA-treated cells. This study suggests that even if the amino end of agmatine is blocked, it can perform its neuroprotective function.
Brassica napus phyllosphere bacterial composition changes with growth stage
Authors: Bell Jennifer K. , Helgason Bobbi , Siciliano Steven D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsPhyllosphere bacteria play critical roles in plant growth promotion, disease suppression and global nutrient cycling but remain understudied.MethodsIn this project, we examined the bacterial community on the phyllosphere of eight diverse lines ofBrassica napusfor ten weeks in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada.ResultsThe bacterial community was shaped largely by plant growth stage with distinct communities present before and after flowering. Bacterial diversity before flowering had 111 core members with high functional potential, with the peak of diversity being reached during flowering. After flowering, bacterial diversity dropped quickly and sharply to 16 members of the core community, suggesting that the plant did not support the same functional potential anymore.B. napusline had little effect on the larger community, but appeared to have more of an effect on the rare bacteria.ConclusionsOur work suggests that the dominant bacterial community is driven by plant growth stage, whereas differences in plant line seemed to affect rare bacteria. The role of these rare bacteria in plant health remains unresolved.
Intentional mind-wandering as intentional omission: the surrealist method
Authors: Arango-Muñoz Santiago , Bermúdez Juan Pablo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMind-wandering seems to be paradigmatically unintentional. However, experimental findings have yielded the paradoxical result that mind-wandering can also be intentional. In this paper, we first present the paradox of intentional mind-wandering and then explain intentional mind-wandering as the intentional omission to control one’s own thoughts. Finally, we present the surrealist method for artistic production to illustrate how intentional omission of control over thoughts can be deployed towards creative endeavors.
Practical reasoning and degrees of outright belief
Authors: Schulz Moritz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccording to a suggestion by Williamson (Knowledge and its limits, Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 99), outright belief comes in degrees: one has a high/low degree of belief iff one is willing to rely on the content of one’s belief in high/low-stakes practical reasoning. This paper develops anepistemic normfor degrees of outright belief so construed. Starting from the assumption that outright belief aims at knowledge, it is argued that degrees of belief aim at various levels ofstrong knowledge, that is, knowledge which satisfies particularly high epistemic standards. This account is contrasted with and shown to be superior to an alternative proposal according to which higher degrees of outright belief aim at higher-order knowledge. In an “Appendix”, it is indicated that the logic of degrees of outright belief is closely linked toranking theory.