bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving High‐Performance 3D K+‐Pre‐intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXene for Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors via Regulating Electrolyte Solvation Structure
Authors: Zhao Shuoqing , Liu Zhichao , Xie Guanshun , Guo Xin , Guo Ziqi , Song Fei , Li Guohao , Chen Chi , Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Nan , Sun Bing , Guo Shaojun , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of high‐performance anode materials for potassium‐based energy storage devices with long‐term cyclability requires combined innovations from rational material design to electrolyte optimization. A three‐dimensional K+‐pre‐intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXene with enlarged interlayer distance was constructed for efficient electrochemical potassium‐ion storage. We found that the optimized solvation structure of the concentrated ether‐based electrolyte leads to the formation of a thin and inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the K+‐pre‐intercalated Ti3C2Tx electrode, which is beneficial for interfacial stability and reaction kinetics. As a proof of concept, 3D K+‐Ti3C2Tx//activated carbon (AC) potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) were assembled, which exhibited promising electrochemical performances. These results highlight the significant roles of both rational structure design and electrolyte optimization for highly reactive MXene‐based anode materials in energy storage devices.
Mechanical properties of rice husk and rice husk ash filled maleated polymers compatibilized polypropylene composites
Authors: Ezenkwa Obinna E. , Hassan Azman , Samsudin Sani A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study compares the mechanical properties of rice husk (RH) and rice husk ash (RHA) filled polypropylene (PP) composites and the effects of ethylene‐acrylic‐ester‐maleic anhydride (E‐AE‐MA) and PP‐g‐maleic anhydride (MAPP) as compatibilizer. In this study, PP/RH and PP/RHA composites were blended at the ratios of 85/15 wt% and compatibilizers at four parts per hundred each, via melt extrusion in a twin‐screw extruder prior to injection molding. Mechanical tests were tensile, flexural and impact tests. A morphological study was conducted by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results show that PP/RHA composite exhibited a 4% significant increase in tensile strength compared to PP/RH composite (р ˂ 0.05) while, PP‐RH composite increased significantly by 5 and 3% in flexural and impact strength compared to PP‐RHA composite (р ˂ 0.05). MAPP increased significantly the flexural strength of PP‐RH and PP‐RHA composites by 23 and 21% (р ˂ 0.05) compared to E‐AE‐MA. PP‐RHA‐MAPP composite increased significantly the impact strength by 18% compared to PP/RHA/E‐AE‐MA composite (р ˂ 0.05). There was no significant difference in impact strength between PP/RH/MAPP and PP/RH/E‐AE‐MA composites (р ≥ 0.05). Overall results indicate that RH imparts better reinforcing effect in PP composite than RHA, while MAPP is a better compatibilizer. SEM study indicates that both compatibilizers improved the filler‐matrix interfacial adhesion.
Tracking control of an uncertain heavy load robot based on super twisting sliding mode control and fuzzy compensator
Authors: Ren Huanhuan , Zhang Lizhong , Su Chengzhi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new combined strategy to control an uncertain heavy load robot with position disturbance caused by flexible foot, and the control strategy is realized only by position feedback. Firstly, deformation during motion is analyzed, and the position transformation generated by this deformation is treated as periodic position disturbance and non‐periodic position disturbance. Then, a control method combined by computed torque controller (CTC), super twisting sliding mode (STSM) controller, and fuzzy compensator is designed for the robot dynamic system to track ideal trajectory. Meanwhile, a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller based on CTC is designed as a comparison to verify the trajectory tracking performance and robustness of the combined strategy under external disturbances. Finally, simulation results show that CTC‐STSM is clearly found to converge faster and to show stronger ability to suppress interference than CTC‐PID. The addition of fuzzy compensator (CTC‐STSM‐Fuzzy) can further reduce the sliding mode chattering effect and improve the performance.
Investigating possible unification of Seyfert galaxies and blazars in Fermi‐Large Area Telescope sample
Authors: Iyida Evaristus U. , Eya Innocent O. , Odo Finbarr C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStatistical analyses are invaluable methods used to understand intrinsic emission processes and the unification of extragalactic radio sources. In this paper, we collected radio, X‐ray, and data of blazars from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi‐LAT) and Seyfert galaxies from the INTEGRAL/IBIS survey and investigated the relationship between the emission properties of Seyfert galaxies and blazar subclasses of flat‐spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lac objects (BL Lacs). The results show from the average values that these objects follow a sequence that is indicative of probable Seyfert galaxies‐BL Lacs‐FSRQs unification. We discovered that Seyfert galaxies, BL Lacs, and FSRQs share similar emission characteristics in X‐ray luminosity (), suggestive of fundamental connection while the () and radio () luminosities of Seyfert galaxies are the least powerful, signifying an evolving structure. From the two‐dimensional Kolmogorov–Smirnov () test, we found that Seyfert galaxies differ from the blazar subclasses in while there is no significant difference between them in and which implies that high‐energy emissions in Seyfert galaxies and blazar subclasses may come from the same emission mechanism. Significant positive correlations (with coefficient r > 0.60) exist between the high‐energy luminosities (X‐ray and ) and the low‐energy components (radio) within the whole sample of blazars and Seyfert galaxies implying a form of connection between them. These results are not only consistent with the prediction of the unified scheme for blazars but also show that Seyfert galaxies have an evolutionary link with blazar subclasses.
Assessment of herbaceous feedstock supply for locating biorefineries in the Piedmont, USA
Authors: Resop Jonathan P. , Cundiff John S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe push for renewable energy sources has local government agencies striving to optimize their limited resources. Various energy sources are often explored depending on the region – for example, wind, solar, geothermal, and bioenergy. The Piedmont region of the USA has the potential to be a significant player in the production of biomass to supply a biorefinery. However, before local agencies and private biorefineries can invest in such an endeavor, the potential feedstock supply must be quantified. The goal of this study was to perform a land‐use assessment for the 166 counties spanning five states (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama) that make up the bulk of the Piedmont region. For each county, the potential for producing and supplying herbaceous feedstock (i.e., switchgrass) was quantified based on 2017 land use. Only 48% of the counties had the potential to supply a biorefinery larger than 0.5 round bales per min (bpm) (97 000 Mg year–1). To supply a more reasonably sized biorefinery, the Piedmont counties were organized into 34 multi‐county zones. For these zones, the potential switchgrass production to supply a biorefinery ranged from 50 000 Mg year–1 to 360 000 Mg year–1. The total feedstock production for the region was 6 470 000 Mg year–1, equal to a potential production of about 3.3% of the current US consumption of ethanol for blending with gasoline. The development of a bioenergy industry in the Piedmont will require local leadership and initiative; however, this study provides the first step in envisioning the potential of such an industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Rheology of enzyme liquefied corn stover slurries: The effect of solids concentration on yielding and flow behavior
Authors: Szeto Ryan , Overton Jonathan C. , dos Santos Antonio C. F. , Eby Clark , Mosier Nathan S. , Ximenes Eduardo , Ladisch Michael R. , Erk Kendra A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe measurement of yield stress and shear thinning flow behavior of slurries formed from unpretreated corn stover at solids loadings of 100–300 g/L provides a key metric for the ability to move, pump, and mix this lignocellulosic slurry, particularly since corn stover slurries represent a major potential feedstock for biorefineries. This study compared static yield stress values and flow hysteresis of corn stover slurries of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 g/L, after these slurries were formed by adding pellets to a cellulase enzyme solution (Celluclast 1.5 L) in a fed‐batch manner. A rotational rheometer was used to quantitate relative yield stress and its dependence on processing history at insoluble solids concentrations of 4%–21% (wt/vol). Key findings confirmed previous observations that yield stress increases with solids loadings and reaches ~3000 Pa at 25% (wt/vol) solids concentration compared to ~200 Pa after enzyme liquefaction. While optimization of slurry forming (i.e., liquefaction) conditions remains to be done, metrics for quantifying liquefaction extent are needed. The method for obtaining comparative metrics is demonstrated here and shows that the yield stress, shear thinning and shear thickening flow behaviors of enzyme liquefied corn stover slurries can be analyzed using a wide‐gap rheometry setup with relative measuring geometries to mimic the conditions that may exist in a mixing vessel of a bioreactor while applying controlled and precise levels of strain.
SEC61G overexpression and DNA amplification correlates with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Tianzhu , Chen Yiping , Gong Xiaochang , Guo Qiaojuan , Lin Canyang , Luo Qingfeng , Tu Ziwei , Pan Jianji , Li Jingao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe SEC61 translocon gamma subunit (SEC61G) is a component of the SEC61 complex, which import protein into the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the correlation between SEC61G and disease prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear.MethodsSEC61G expression was analyzed using publicly available datasets. The association between SEC61G and disease prognosis was evaluated. SEC61G methylation and copy number variation were investigated and gene set enrichment analysis and gene ontology analyses identified SEC61G‐associated functions. We also investigated the correlation between SEC61G and immune cell infiltration. Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to detect SEC61G expression in oropharyngeal carcinoma.ResultsSEC61G was overexpressed in pan‐cancers, including HNSCC, and negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001 for TCGA‐HNSCC and p = 0.019 for GSE65858). Moreover, SEC61G was an independent prognostic factor for OS in TCGA and GSE65858 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.35–2.39, p < 0.001; HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.14–3.07, p = 0.013, respectively). SEC61G DNA amplification (9.66% of patients) was significantly associated with poor OS (p = 0.034). SEC61G overexpression and DNA amplification negatively correlated with B cell (p < 0.001), CD8+ T cell (p < 0.001), CD4+ T cell (p < 0.001), macrophage (p < 0.05), neutrophil (p < 0.001), and dendritic cell infiltration (p < 0.001). Among patients with metastatic urothelial cancer received atezolizumab, patients with high SEC61G expression had an inferior OS (p = 0.006). Furthermore, SEC61G protein expression was also an independent prognostic factor of OS (HR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.15–5.28, p = 0.021) and progression‐free survival (HR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.36–5.85, p = 0.005) for oropharyngeal cancer.ConclusionsSEC61G is overexpressed in HNSCC and is an independent prognostic factor for OS. SEC61G DNA amplification contributes to overexpression and poor outcome. Interestingly, SEC61G correlates with immune cell infiltration in HNSCC. These findings suggest that SEC61G is a potential broad‐spectrum biomarker for prognosis in HNSCC.
Diagnostic models for impending death in terminally ill cancer patients: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Mori Masanori , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Maeda Isseki , Hatano Yutaka , Yamaguchi Takashi , Imai Kengo , Kikuchi Ayako , Matsuda Yosuke , Suzuki Kozue , Tsuneto Satoru , Hui David , Morita Tatsuya ,   EASED collaborators
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccurately predicting impending death is essential for clinicians to clarify goals of care. We aimed to develop diagnostic models to predict death ≤3 days in cancer patients.MethodsIn this multicenter cohort study, we consecutively enrolled advanced cancer patients admitted to 23 inpatient hospices in 2017. Fifteen clinical signs related to impending death were documented daily from the day when the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) declined to ≤20–14 days later. We conducted recursive partitioning analysis using the entire data set and performed cross‐validation to develop the model (prediction of 3‐day impending death‐decision tree [P3did‐DT]). Then, we summed the number of systems (nervous/cardiovascular/respiratory/musculoskeletal), where any sign was present to underpin P3did score (range = 0–4).ResultsData following PPS ≤20 were obtained from 1396 of 1896 inpatients (74%). The mean age was 73 ± 12 years, and 399 (29%) had gastrointestinal tract cancer. The P3did‐DT was based on three variables and had four terminal leaves: urine output (u/o) ≤200 ml/day and decreased response to verbal stimuli, u/o ≤200 ml/day and no decreased response to verbal stimuli, u/o >200 ml/day and Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) ≤−2, and u/o >200 ml/day and RASS ≥−1. The 3‐day mortality rates were 80.3%, 53.3%, 39.9%, and 20.6%, respectively (accuracy = 68.3%). In addition, 79.6%, 62.9%, 47.2%, 32.8%, and 17.4% of patients with P3did scores of 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0, respectively, died ≤3 days.ConclusionWe successfully developed diagnostic models for death ≤3 days. These may further help clinicians predict impending death and help patients/families prepare for their final days.
Esthetic Mucogingival Treatment After Biopsy of Inflammatory Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia
Authors: Katorza Anat , Horwitz Jacob 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThis case reports a biopsy of a large soft tissue defect with gingival grafting. The therapeutic approach presented here combines a partly de‐epithelialized free gingival graft (PDFGG) with an envelope technique, which may be useful for cases needing a large reactive lesion biopsy.Case PresentationA patient with an esthetic and functional complaint due to a fibroepithelial hyperplastic lesion was treated by excisional biopsy leaving a 10 mm cervical defect on tooth 23. A palatal PDFGG was harvested and sutured into the defect, using an “envelope technique” to improve the blood supply to the graft. The procedure is aimed at both recession coverage and reduction in root hypersensitivity. Stability of the outcome is demonstrated 9 months post‐operative.ConclusionsGingival margin biopsies pose a significant challenge due to the need to combine significant tissue removal while providing a predictable esthetic and functional outcome. The case is the first description of a successful grafting of a large residual gingival biopsy defect, resulting from using combined mucogingival surgical approach. This technique may be helpful for similar cases.
The needs of clients coming to counselling following second harm: A Q methodology study
Authors: Kenward Linda , Whiffin Charlotte , Townend Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSecond harm is the added psychological distress from an inadequate response by healthcare providers in response to medical errors or neglect. This inadequate response may require patients to seek counselling. The counselling needs of patients who have experienced second harm have received limited research attention. This Q methodology study addresses this gap in knowledge in order to further inform counselling practice.MethodsParticipants sorted 42 pre‐determined statements online followed by interviews to establish the rationale for the sorting pattern choices. Data from the online sort were analysed using factor analysis to establish the viewpoints expressed. The interview data added to the interpretation of the viewpoints.FindingsThrough a factor analysis, two ‘viewpoints’ and 11 counselling needs were identified. Nine of these needs were generic to the counselling relationship and two specific to second harm. This study concluded that people seeking counselling following second harm have needs beyond those expected from a general counselling relationship. These included not being blamed for what happened and a need for the counsellor to be able to demonstrate that they are able to understand the impact of harm.Implications for practiceThe needs identified in this study as being generic can give counsellors confidence in working with clients that have experienced second harm, knowing that many of the needs identified are not unique. Counsellors can also be confident that those needs that are unique can be understood through extending their knowledge of the topic and listening to those that have been harmed.
Finding the optimal access for proximal upper limb artery (PULA) interventions: Lessons learned from the PULA multicenter registry
Authors: Nardai Sándor , Zafirovska Biljana , Pataki Ákos , Nemes Balázs , Tóth Júlia , Deák Mónika , Kedev Sasko , Bertrand Olivier Francois , Pirlet Charles , Merkely Béla , Ruzsa Zoltán 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe multicenter proximal upper limb artery (PULA) Registry was created to study the optimal puncture sites for the interventions involving the subclavian, axillary, and innominate arteries.BackgroundLittle is known about the optimal vascular access for PULA interventions, despite the well‐known technical complexity of these procedures.MethodsWe performed the retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated for symptomatic steno‐occlusive disease of the proximal upper limb arteries between January 2015 and December 2019 in three high‐volume centers. Acute thrombotic occlusions were excluded from the study.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy‐two patients were treated for significant stenosis and 108 for total occlusion. The baseline patient's characteristics were similar, except for the higher median age of the stenotic patients: 68.5 years (31.1; 90.0) versus 64 years (38.0; 86.0) p = 0.0015. Successful revascularization rate was higher in the stenotic group 93.75% (255/272) versus 86.11% (93/108) p = 0.0230, while the procedure length 27 min (8; 133) versus 46 min (7; 140) p = 0.0001 and fluoroscopy times 439 s (92; 2993) versus 864 s (86; 4176) p = 0.0001 were higher in the occlusion group. The main adverse event rate was similarly low. Dual access was used more often to treat occlusions (60.19% (65/108) vs. 11.40% (31/272) p = 0.0001) without significantly increasing the complication rate. The safest access was ultrasound‐guided distal radial artery puncture, significantly better than conventional radial access with 0% (0/31) versus 13.6% (18/131) p = 0.0253 complication.ConclusionsThe percutaneous revascularization of proximal upper limb arteries is a safe and effective. Dual access can be applied to increase treatment efficacy, without significantly compromising safety.
Technoeconomic Evaluation of a Flex Ethanol Plant of Sugarcane and Corn in Brazil
Authors: Sumikawa Victor Iwao Oliveira , Medeiros de Lima Alice 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the integration of corn in existent sugarcane mills in Brazil to increase ethanol production. The study considered an autonomous distillery factory of medium‐capacity, and the incremental benefits from corn processing during the sugarcane off‐season. A process simulation and a cost analysis were developed to estimate the technoeconomic feasibility. The data and parameters employed were in accordance with Brazilian practice. The results show that a sugarcane plant operating 4 months during the off‐season with corn requires an investment of US$ 13.4 million, obtained the return of investment in 4 years, and a revenue estimated in US$ 666K yr−1 due to ethanol surplus production.
Tubular Structures of Calcium Carbonate: Formation, Characterization, and Implications in Natural Mineral Environments
Authors: Getenet Melese , Rieder Julian , Kellermeier Matthias , Kunz Werner , Manuel García‐Ruiz Juan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemical gardens are self‐assembled tubular precipitates formed by a combination of osmosis, buoyancy, and chemical reaction, and thought to be capable of catalyzing prebiotic condensation reactions. In many cases, the tube wall is a bilayer structure with the properties of a diaphragm and/or a membrane. The interest in silica gardens as microreactors for materials science has increased over the past decade because of their ability to create long‐lasting electrochemical potential. In this study, we have grown single macroscopic tubes based on calcium carbonate and monitored their time‐dependent behavior by in situ measurements of pH, ionic concentrations inside and outside the tubular membranes, and electrochemical potential differences. Furthermore, we have characterized the composition and structure of the tubular membranes by using ex situ X‐ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy. Based on the collected data, we propose a physicochemical mechanism for the formation and ripening of these peculiar CaCO3 structures and compare the results to those of other chemical garden systems. We find that the wall of the macroscopic calcium carbonate tubes is a bilayer of texturally distinct but compositionally similar calcite showing high crystallinity. The resulting high density of the material prevents macroscopic calcium carbonate gardens from developing significant electrochemical potential differences. In the light of these observations, possible implications in materials science and prebiotic (geo)chemistry are discussed.
The Role of Surface Curvature in Electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Yanzhi , Bao Zijia , Shi Mengke , Liang Zuozhong , Cao Rui , Zheng Haoquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExcessive consumption of fossil fuels has caused unavoidable environmental problems. The development of renewable and clean alternatives is essential for the sustainable and green development of human society. Electrocatalysts are most important parts in these energy‐related devices. Recently, scientists found that the surface curvature of electrocatalysts could play an important role for the improvement of catalytic performance and the optimization of intrinsic catalytic activity during electrocatalytic process. The role of surface curvature in electrocatalysts is still under investigating. In this minireview, we summarized the latest progress of electrocatalysts with different surface curvatures and their applications in energy‐related applications. This review mainly involves the strategies for preparation of electrocatalysts with different surface curvatures, three typical electrocatalysts with different surface curvatures (curled surface, onion‐like structure, and spiral structure), and the potential mechanisms that surface curvature in electrocatalysts affects activities.