bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor ion channels detected in focal epilepsy with [18F]GE‐179 positron emission tomography
Authors: Vibholm Ali K. , Dietz Martin J. , Beniczky Sándor , Christensen Jakob , Højlund Andreas , Jacobsen Jan , Bender Dirk , Møller Arne , Brooks David J. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryObjectiveImaging activated glutamate N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor ion channels (NMDAR‐ICs) using positron emission tomography (PET) has proved challenging due to low brain uptake, poor affinity and selectivity, and high metabolism and dissociation rates of candidate radioligands. The radioligand [18F]GE‐179 is a known use‐dependent marker of NMDAR‐ICs. We studied whether interictal [18F]GE‐179 PET would detect foci of abnormal NMDAR‐IC activation in patients with refractory focal epilepsy.MethodsTen patients with refractory focal epilepsy and 18 healthy controls had structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by a 90‐min dynamic [18F]GE‐179 PET scan with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG). PET and EEG findings were compared with MRI and previous EEGs. Standard uptake value (SUV) images of [18F]GE‐179 were generated and global gray matter uptake was measured for each individual. To localize focal increases in uptake of [18F]GE‐179, the individual SUV images were interrogated with statistical parametric mapping in comparison to a normal database. Additionally, individual healthy control SUV images were compared with the rest of the control database to determine their prevalence of increased focal [18F]GE‐179 uptake.ResultsInterictal [18F]GE‐179 PET detected clusters of significantly increased binding in eight of 10 patients with focal epilepsy but none of the controls. The number of clusters of raised [18F]GE‐179 uptake in the patients with epilepsy exceeded the focal abnormalities revealed by the simultaneously recorded EEG. Patients with extensive clusters of raised [18F]GE‐179 uptake showed the most abnormal EEGs.SignificanceDetection of multiple foci of abnormal NMDAR‐IC activation in 80% of our patients with refractory focal epilepsy using interictal [18F]GE‐179 PET could reflect enhanced neuronal excitability due to chronic seizure activity. This indicates that chronic epileptic activity is associated with abnormal NMDAR ion channel activation beyond the initial irritative zones. [18F]GE‐179 PET could be a candidate marker for identifying pathological brain areas in patients with treatment‐resistant focal epilepsy.
Male anti‐predation services in primates as costly signalling? A comparative analysis and review
Authors: van Schaik Carel P. , Bshary Redouan , Wagner Gretchen , Cunha Filipe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn species in which adults of the two sexes show long‐term association, males often engage in acts of assistance (“services”) aimed at females and/or their young in various behavioural contexts that are not reciprocated. We conducted a quantitative review of the primate literature on sex differences in involvement in protection against predation. We found that males were more likely to be at the front of group progressions, especially in contexts of increased risk, were more vigilant, sometimes to the point of becoming sentinels, were more active in mobbing, and were far more likely to counter‐attack felids and monkey‐eating raptors than females did. Our evaluation showed that these services may be an expression of male parental care or aimed at bonded partners, but we also encountered many cases in which non‐sires, unrelated to either females or immatures, provide them. We hence investigate explanations invoking group augmentation or costly signalling. Currently, available data on male anti‐predation services in nonhuman primates do not allow us to distinguish among them, although costly signalling better explains data on birds and humans. We develop predictions that will allow more detailed tests of the various hypotheses for this understudied phenomenon.
Reciprocal associations between affectual, associational, and normative solidarity with parents during children’s early to established adulthood
Authors: Hwang Woosang , Kim Jeung Hyun , Cheng Kent Jason , Brown Maria T. , Silverstein Merril 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntergenerational solidarity has become increasingly important to understand, as close family members mobilize the provision of social support across generations and contribute to family wellbeing. However, less is known about continuity and change in normative (eldercare norms), affectual, and associational solidarity with mothers and fathers as children emerge into full or established adulthood. Therefore, we focused on reciprocal associations between three dimensions of intergenerational solidarity (normative, affectual, and associational) as reported by young‐adult children from their early twenties to late thirties. Data were derived from respondents in the Longitudinal Study of Generations: daughters reported about relationships with 291 mother–father pairs and sons reported about relationships with 309 mother–father pairs in 2000, 2005, and 2016. Autoregressive cross‐lagged models prospectively predicted mutual influences among the three dimensions of solidarity across daughter‐parent and son‐parent relationships. In addition, multiple group analysis was conducted to examine the children's gender difference. We found that normative solidarity and emotional closeness with mothers were mutually reinforcing in daughters’ and sons’ parental relationships. However, normative solidarity predicted emotional closeness with fathers in both daughter‐parent and son‐parent relationships. The study concludes that sons and daughters establish eldercare norms based on emotional components of solidarity with mothers, and suggest that filial duty is a key reason why mother‐child relations become close over the family life course.
A comparison of nutritional values, physicochemical features and in vitro bioactivities of Southern Thai short‐grain brown rice with commercial long‐grain varieties
Authors: Chumsri Paramee , Chaijan Manat , Panpipat Worawan 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the nutritional, physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of brown rice from the Noui Khuea (NK) cultivar, a non‐pigmented short grain from Southern Thailand, in comparison with commercial non‐pigmented long‐grain Hom Mali (HM) and pigmented long‐grain Sung Yod (SY) cultivars. The A‐type XRD pattern was found in all samples of flour. All starch granules had a spherical shape with variable diameters (3.1‐3.9 μm). The discrepancies in pasting properties across rice flours were explained by variances in compositions, particularly the amylose level. NK was classified as a high amylose rice, whereas SY and HM were classed as intermediate and low amylose types, respectively. Protein, minerals (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and iron) and α‐tocopherol were all higher in NK. SY showed the highest total phenolic content (29.38 mg GAE/g), largely in bound form. Several phenolic compounds (e.g. phenolic acids, esters and glucosides) were discovered. NK extract had the highest ACE‐inhibitory activity (72.12%), but SY extract showed the strongest DPPH•/ABTS•+ inhibitions, FRAP and α‐amylase/α‐glucosidase inhibitions. Thus, the rice variety had a significant impact on its quality and bioactivity, and NK could be a viable alternative for both domestic and industrial use as a functional food ingredient.
The conformation and physico‐chemical properties of pH‐treated golden pompano protein on the oil/water interfacial properties and emulsion stability
Authors: Sun Shuang , Li Sihui , Yan Huijia , Zou Henan , Yu Cuiping 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe influence of pH (3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0) on the conformation, physico‐chemical properties, interfacial properties and emulsion stability of golden pompano protein (GPP) was investigated. The conformation structures of GPP were characterised by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy and intrinsic emission fluorescence spectroscopy. The particle size, zeta‐potential and solubility of GPP were also investigated. The interfacial properties were characterised by the interfacial tension and the percentage of absorbed protein at the oil/water interface. GPP under pH 3.0 displayed a lowest interfacial tension, the highest emulsifying stability index value. Creaming stability, viscosity and microstructure of the emulsion stabilised by GPP under different oil/water ratios (2:8, 3:7, 4:6 and 5:5) (v/v) were also investigated. The increase of the oil/water ratio increased the viscosity of the continuous phase, thereby improving the emulsion stability. The conformational changes of GPP significantly affected their physico‐chemical and interfacial properties, thus improving GPP‐stabilised emulsion stability.
Anthropometric models to estimate fat mass at 3 days, 15 and 54 weeks
Authors: Gopalakrishnamoorthy Mahalakshmi , Whyte Kathryn , Horowitz Michelle , Widen Elizabeth , Toro‐Ramos Tatiana , Johnson Jill , Gidwani Sonia , Paley Charles , Rosenn Barak , Lin Susan , Thornton John , Pi‐Sunyer Xavier , Gallagher Dympna 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundCurrently available infant body composition measurement methods are impractical for routine clinical use. The study developed anthropometric equations (AEs) to estimate fat mass (FM, kg) during the first year using air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD® Infant Body Composition System) and Infant quantitative magnetic resonance (Infant‐QMR) as criterion methods.MethodsMulti‐ethnic full‐term infants (n = 191) were measured at 3 days, 15 and 54 weeks. Sex, race/ethnicity, gestational age, age (days), weight‐kg (W), length‐cm (L), head circumferences‐cm (HC), skinfold thicknesses mm [triceps (TRI), thigh (THI), subscapular (SCP), and iliac (IL)], and FM by PEA POD® and Infant‐QMR were collected. Stepwise linear regression determined the model that best predicted FM.ResultsWeight, length, head circumference, and skinfolds of triceps, thigh, and subscapular, but not iliac, significantly predicted FM throughout infancy in both the Infant‐QMR and PEA POD models. Sex had an interaction effect at 3 days and 15 weeks for both the models.The coefficient of determination [R2] and root mean square error were 0.87 (66 g) at 3 days, 0.92 (153 g) at 15 weeks, and 0.82 (278 g) at 54 weeks for the Infant‐QMR models; 0.77 (80 g) at 3 days and 0.82 (195 g) at 15 weeks for the PEA POD models respectively.ConclusionsBoth PEA POD and Infant‐QMR derived models predict FM using skinfolds, weight, head circumference, and length with acceptable R2 and residual patterns.
2021 International Statistical Institute Mahalanobis Award: A Tribute to Heleno Bolfarine
Authors: Ruggeri Fabrizio , Bolfarine Henrique , Bazán Jorge Luis , Arellano‐Valle Reinaldo B. , Lachos Davila Victor Hugo , de Castro Mário 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe Government of India sponsors the Mahalanobis International Award, which, managed by the International Statistical Institute, is presented every other year at the International Statistical Institute World Statistics Congress. The Mahalanobis Award recognises an individual for lifetime achievements in statistics in a developing country or region. This article celebrates the 2021 winner, Prof. Heleno Bolfarine, who, unfortunately, passed away a few days before the award ceremony.
Five‐in‐One: Simultaneous isolation of multiple major liver cell types from livers of normal and NASH mice
Authors: Zhou Ye , Adewale Funmilola , Kim Sun , Su Qi , Glass David , Sleeman Mark W. , Murphy Andrew J. , Cheng Xiping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNASH is a chronic liver disease that affects 3%–6% of individuals and requires urgent therapeutic developments. Isolating the key cell types in the liver is a necessary step towards understanding their function and roles in disease pathogenesis. However, traditional isolation methods through gradient centrifugation can only collect one or a few cell types simultaneously and pose technical difficulties when applied to NASH livers. Taking advantage of identified cell surface markers from liver single‐cell RNAseq, here we established the combination of gradient centrifugation and antibody‐based cell sorting techniques to isolate five key liver cell types (hepatocytes, endothelial cells, stellate cells, macrophages and other immune cells) from a single mouse liver. This method yielded high purity of each cell type from healthy and NASH livers. Our five‐in‐one protocol simultaneously isolates key liver cell types with high purity under normal and NASH conditions, enabling for systematic and accurate exploratory experiments such as RNA sequencing.
A case of resistant multiple plantar warts cured with combined autologous platelet‐rich plasma injection and topical salicylic acid 30%
Authors: Abu El‐Hamd Mohammed , Aboeldahab Soha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlantar warts are common benign cutaneous lesions affecting the plantar aspects of the feet; they are caused by infection of the keratinocytes by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The effective treatment of plantar warts is still a therapeutic challenge.AimThis study aimed to assess the possible clinical efficacy and safety of the combined intralesional autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection with local application of salicylic acid 30% solution in the treatment of multiple resistant plantar warts.MethodIn the present case, a 54‐year‐old immunocompetent male patient presented with multiple, bilateral resistant plantar warts.ResultsA complete clearance of the plantar warts was observed after three sessions of intralesional autologous PRP injections with one‐month interval, combined with twice‐daily local application of salicylic acid 30% solution between sessions. No recurrence was recorded after a nine‐month follow‐up from the last session. There were no reported side effects during or after the sessions.ConclusionThe combined intralesional autologous PRP injection with topical salicylic acid is an effective, economic, and safe modality of treatment for multiple resistant plantar warts.
Differences in self‐care knowledge, self‐efficacy, psychological distress and self‐management between patients with early‐ and end‐stage chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wu Shu‐Fang Vivienne , Wang Tsae‐Jyy , Liang Shu‐Yuan , Lin Li‐Ju , Lu Yu‐Yin , Lee Mei‐Chen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThe study compares the differences in self‐care knowledge, self‐efficacy, psychological distress and self‐management between patients with early‐ and end‐stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), and predicts the influential factors of self‐management.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 185 subjects by using convenience sampling from one teaching hospital were collected. The research instruments included the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Care Instrument Knowledge, the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Efficacy Instrument, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management Instrument. Descriptive statistics is used frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics is used independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. STROBE checklist was used as the guideline for this study.ResultsOur results showed that a significant difference was found in the age (p = 0.005), systolic pressure (p = .006), self‐care knowledge (p = .011) and depression level (p = .003) between patients with early‐ and end‐stage CKD. Furthermore, patients with early‐stage CKD have less self‐care knowledge and lower depression levels compared with patients with end‐stage CKD. However, self‐efficacy is the most significant predictor of self‐management for patients with early‐ and end‐stage CKD. For patients with early‐stage CKD, self‐efficacy explained 69.1% of the variation in self‐management.ConclusionAccording to our results, the management of depression in patients with CKD may improve their outcomes. Improving self‐care knowledge of patients with end‐stage CKD may improve their self‐management. Therefore, our findings suggest various interventions with different necessary and prioritised precision care at early‐ and late‐stage of CKD.Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses should strive to improve the self‐care knowledge of patients with early‐stage CKD to delay the progression of the disease to end‐stage. Screening for depression among patients with end‐stage CKD is relevant, and these patients should be referred to professional counsellors when necessary.
Partisan Professionals: Evidence from Credit Rating Analysts
Authors: KEMPF ELISABETH , TSOUTSOURA MARGARITA 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTPartisan perception affects the actions of professionals in the financial sector. Linking credit rating analysts to party affiliations from voter records, we show that analysts not affiliated with the U.S. president's party downward‐adjust corporate credit ratings more frequently. Since we compare analysts with different party affiliations covering the same firm in the same quarter, differences in firm fundamentals cannot explain the results. We also find a sharp divergence in the rating actions of Democratic and Republican analysts around the 2016 presidential election. Our results show that analysts' partisan perception has price effects and may influence firms' investment policies.
A diary study on shared leadership, team work engagement, and goal attainment
Authors: Klasmeier Kai N. , Rowold Jens 
Published: September 2021

Theory of shared leadership has suggested that this informal source of team leadership is highly dynamic and changes over time. We draw on this assumption and provide new insights about the nature of short‐term changes in shared leadership. Additionally, we advance the nomological network of shared leadership by examining the within‐team relations of day‐level shared leadership with cohesion, team work engagement, and goal attainment. To study these dynamics and short‐term relationships, we conducted a daily‐diary study. We collected daily measures from 53 teams with 187 team members resulting in 725 person‐days and 207 team‐days. Bayesian multilevel modelling supported our hypotheses as daily shared leadership was linked to daily cohesion, team work engagement, and goal attainment. The findings contribute to the understanding of within‐team associations of shared leadership and add to the understanding about the dynamic nature of this team state. Limitations and directions for further research are then discussed.Practitioner points

Team’s daily shared leadership behaviour is related to day‐level team work engagement.

Teams can improve their day‐level collaboration by engaging in shared leadership.

Daily shared leadership facilitates daily progress in attaining team goals.
Malignant development of proliferative verrucous/multifocal leukoplakia: A critical systematic review, meta‐analysis and proposal of diagnostic criteria
Authors: Lafuente Ibáñez de Mendoza Irene , Lorenzo Pouso Alejandro I. , Aguirre Urízar José M. , Barba Montero Catalina , Blanco Carrión Andrés , Gándara Vila Pilar , Pérez Sayáns Mario 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundProliferative verrucous/multifocal leukoplakia (PVML) is an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) that exhibits high rates of malignant development (MD). This study aimed to analyse the risk of MD of PVML, as well as to investigate the possible risk factors associated with its malignization.MethodsA bibliographical search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted. PVML MD rates were calculated as a pooled proportion, and the risk factors were calculated as risk ratios, using fixed and random models based on the presence of heterogeneity.ResultsFrom a total of 417 records, 16 articles were retrieved for inclusion. The subgroup analysis revealed a higher MD rate in the studies that were conducted in America, and, likewise, said studies involved a longer follow‐up time (>6 years). There was a non‐significant lower risk of malignization among males. A negative correlation was observed between MD and the year in which the studies were published.ConclusionsThe pooled MD of PVML was 65.8% (95% CI: 55.3–76.2, p < 0.001). Prospective studies of PVML must be designed using simple and universal clinical diagnostic criteria to be able to make an early diagnosis of this important OPMD and acknowledge the frequency of MD.
Whole egg powder makes nutritious diet more affordable for Ethiopia: A cost of the diet and affordability analysis
Authors: Baye Kaleab , Abera Andinet , Chitekwe Stanley , Getachew Paulos , Hailemariam Abebe , Dibari Filippo , Laillou Arnaud 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite sustained nutrition education, consumption of animal source foods (ASFs) has been hindered by their low availability, accessibility and affordability. Drying eggs into powder can reduce transport/storage costs, increase shelf‐life and allow easier dosage for use of smaller portions. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of integrating egg powder to the nutrient adequacy and affordability of diets. Using the ‘cost of the diet’ analysis, we simulated the incorporation of egg powder into households' and children's diet and evaluated its contribution to the nutrient adequacy and affordability of diets. Analysis of the household consumption and expenditure survey (HCES 2016) revealed that only 0.2% of the total consumption expenditure was allocated for eggs, far below the 2.2% and 4.3% required to allow the consumption of one egg a day by the average and the poorest households, respectively. However, the minimum‐cost nutritious diet required only 2.5 g of egg powder/person/day to reduce the cost of the optimized diet by 14% (0–24%), allowing an additional 1.2 million households (~4–6 million individuals) afford the optimized diet. The optimized diet for a child 6–23 months of age could be afforded by all households, except by those in the poorest wealth quintile. But, free distribution of egg powder to households in the poorest wealth quintile, if supplemented by effective nutrition education, can allow them to afford the minimum‐cost nutritious diet for their 6‐ to 23‐month child. The simple dehydration of egg into egg powder can have a substantial contribution towards increased egg consumption by increasing the affordability of the minimum‐cost nutritious diet.
The impact of daytime napping on athletic performance – A narrative review
Authors: Botonis Petros G. , Koutouvakis Nickos , Toubekis Argyris G. 
Published: September 2021

Mid‐day napping has been recommended as a countermeasure against sleep debt and an effective method for recovery, regardless of nocturnal sleep duration. Herein, we summarize the available evidence regarding the influence of napping on exercise and cognitive performance as well as the effects of napping on athletes’ perceptual responses prior to or during exercise. The existing studies investigating the influence of napping on athletic performance have revealed equivocal results. Prevailing findings indicate that following a normal sleep night or after a night of sleep loss, a mid‐day nap may enhance or restore several exercise and cognitive performance aspects, while concomitantly provide benefits on athletes’ perceptual responses. Most, but not all, findings suggest that compared to short‐term naps (20–30 min), long‐term ones (>35–90 min) appear to provide superior benefits to the athletes. The underlying mechanisms behind athletic performance enhancement following a night of normal sleep or the restoration after a night of sleep loss are not clear yet. However, the absence of benefits or even the deterioration of performance following napping in some studies is likely the result of sleep inertia. The present review sheds light on the predisposing factors that influence the post‐nap outcome, such as nocturnal sleep time, mid‐day nap duration and the time elapsed between the end of napping and the subsequent testing, discusses practical solutions and stimulates further research on this area.