bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Clinical Profile of Respiratory Distress in Newborn: A Hospital Based Study in Bangladesh Army
Authors: Raha Biplob Kumar , Alam Md Julfikkar , Bhuiyan Md Abdul Quddus 
Published: February 2021

Neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) is a main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Early detection of its risk factors and early treatment of its causes are major challenges. There are many causes of respiratory distress, among them, transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal asphyxia are commonest causes. Timely and appropriate therapy is essential to prevent ongoing injury and improve outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and to identify the causes of respiratory distress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Combined Military hospital (CMH) Sylhet and to observe the hospital outcome of these babies. Descriptive type of cross- sectional study was conducted in CMH Sylhet over a period of one year from April 2018 to March 2019. During the study period a total of 287 live newborns were found and included as study subjects to observe for development of respiratory distress. The overall prevalence of respiratory distress was 19.2%. There was male predominance (63.6%) and more than two third (71.1%) were born by cesarean section. Prematurity (38.2%), low birth weight (52.7%), male gender (63.6%), APGAR at 1 min <7 (10.9%), caesarean delivery (76.4%), less antenatal care visit (52.7%), more than 4 pervaginal examinations 49.1%, acute fetal distress 43.6% and gestational diabetes mellitus 34.5% were the most common risk factors for development of NRD. The main causes were transient tachypnea of newborn 47.3%, respiratory distress syndrome 29.1% and perinatal asphyxia 10.9%. All babies required high flow oxygen initially, subsequently Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and mechanical ventilation was required in 14.5% and 1(1.8%) cases respectively. Mortality was 1.8% in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome with pneumothorax with septicaemia requiring mechanical ventilation. NRD is a frequent emergency and causes high morbidity and mortality. Risk factors like prematurity, low birth weight, male gender, APGAR at 1 min <7, caesarean delivery, less antenatal care visit, more than 4 pervaginal examinations, acute fetal distress and gestational diabetes mellitus were associated with respiratory distress in newborns. Majority of cases are due to TTN followed by respiratory distress syndrome and perinatal asphyxia. Mortality was in RDS mainly related to pneumothorax with septicaemia. Better obstetrical care and timely intervention may improve the outcome of newborn respiratory distress.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 21-27
Photoprotective activity of geopropolis produced by Melipona subnitida (Apidae, Meliponinae) in the semiarid of the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Batista Jael Soares , Salatino Antonio , Negri Giuseppina , Jara Carmen Eusebia P. , Paiva Kaliane Alessandra R. de , Santos Wanderson Lucas Alves dos , Teófilo Tiago da Silva , Félix Natanael Silva , Silva Francisco Herbeson Aquino , Rodrigues Victor Hugo V. 
Published: February 2021

Although geopropolis has been the subject of many chemical and pharmacological studies, there are few studies investigating the photoprotective activity of formulations containing propolis. Thus, we investigated in vivo the photoprotective efficacy of the cream containing geopropolis extract by macroscopic and histological evaluation of the skin of Wistar rats subjected to ultraviolet radiation (UVB). We also evaluated the chemical composition of hydroethanolic extract using the HPLC-DADESI-MS/MS technique, as well as antioxidant activity by the photocolorimetric method of free radical DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine) and cytotoxic activity by the in vitro MTT quantitative method [brometo de 3- (4.5dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2.5-difeniltetrazolio]. The extract had a varied chemical composition, 29 different phenolic compounds being detected, distributed between phenols and flavonoids, the latter being represented by chalcones, flavones and flavonols. The highest percentages of DPPH inhibition e o baixo valor de IC50 indicaram que o extrato apresentou alta atividade antioxidante. The hydroethanolic extract did not exert cytotoxic effects since high percentages of viability of L929 fibroblasts were observed after incubation for 72 hours at different concentrations of the extract. On skin submitted to cream application containing of geopropolis extract and the irradiation with UVB did not occur macroscopic and histological lesions. Thus, we concluded that the cream containing of geopropolis extract produced by Melipona subnitida was able to protect the skin from lesions induced by UVB irradiation, thus demonstrating photoprotective effect.
Соціологічні та статистичні оцінки економічних відносин у ранньомодерній Україні
Authors: Приходько Юрій 
Published: February 2021

Стаття розкриває становлення та розквіт панщино-фільваркового господарства у Речі Посполитій, яка є не тільки місцевою, але й загальноєвропейською. Особливе місце у роботі приділене соціальним і статистичним оцінкам, на підставі яких можна зробити висновок про те, що селянство в Україні, як частині Польщі–Речі Посполитої у XVI-XVII ст. хоча і поділялося на кметів, загородників, халупників тощо, але було повністю закріпачене та було втягнуте у фільварково-панщинну систему та змушено було відробляти панщину, яка з часом тільки збільшувалася.
Школа в Україні чи українська школа? Із досвіду другої половини ХХ ст.
Authors: Романцов Володимир 
Published: February 2021

Рецензія на видання: Лаврут О.О. Радянська школа у другій половині ХХ ст.: вимір України. Слов’янськ: Друкарський двір, 2020. 532 c.
Cyclic Damage Accumulation in the Femoral Constructs Made With Cephalomedullary Nails
Authors: Hamandi Farah , Whitney Alyssa , Stouffer Mark H. , Prayson Michael J. , Rittweger Jörn , Goswami Tarun 
Published: February 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of peri-prosthetic fracture of constructs made with cephalomedullary (CM) long and short nails. The nails were made with titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and stainless steel (SS 316L).Methods: Biomechanical evaluation of CM nail constructs was carried out with regard to post-primary healing to determine the risk of peri-implant/peri-prosthetic fractures. Therefore, this research comprised of, non-fractured, twenty-eight pairs of cadaveric femora that were randomized and implanted with four types of fixation CM nails resulting in four groups. These constructs were cyclically tested in bi-axial mode for up to 30,000 cycles. All the samples were then loaded to failure to measure failure loads. Three frameworks were carried out through this investigation, Michaelis–Menten, phenomenological, and probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation to model and predict damage accumulation.Findings: Damage accumulation resulting from bi-axial cyclic loading in terms of construct stiffness was represented by Michaelis–Menten equation, and the statistical analysis demonstrated that one model can explain the damage accumulation during cyclic load for all four groups of constructs (P &gt; 0.05). A two-stage stiffness drop was observed. The short stainless steel had a significantly higher average damage (0.94) than the short titanium nails (0.90, P &lt; 0.05). Long titanium nail group did not differ substantially from the short stainless steel nails (P &gt; 0.05). Results showed gender had a significant effect on load to failure in both torsional and bending tests (P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively).Interpretation: Kaplan–Meier survival analysis supports the use of short titanium CM nail. We recommend that clinical decisions should take age and gender into consideration in the selection of implants.
Neonatal Suckling, Oxytocin, and Early Infant Attachment to the Mother
Authors: Nowak Raymond , Lévy Frédéric , Chaillou Elodie , Cornilleau Fabien , Cognié Juliette , Marnet Pierre-Guy , Williams Peter D. , Keller Matthieu 
Published: February 2021

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) promotes maternal care and social affiliation in adults but its importance in infant attachment still remains unknown. True animal models of infant attachment are extremely rare, and the sheep (in complement to non-human primates) is one of the few that provides the opportunity to investigate its neuroendocrinological basis. In the lamb, access to the udder has strong rewarding properties for the establishment of a preferential relationship with the mother. Therefore, the present study explored the possible involvement of OT through its release during close social contacts with the mother. The first experiment revealed that lambs having free access to the udder from birth onward developed, by 12 h of age, a clear preference for their mothers over another maternal ewe. Delaying access to the udder for six, four or even only 2 h starting at birth, by covering the ewe’s udder, resulted in the lack of such a preference without affecting general activity. These effects persisted in most cases at 24 h but by 72 h of age a bond with the mother was clearly expressed. Experiment two showed that social interactions with the mother were followed by a release of OT in the plasma when lambs had the possibility to suckle. Non-nutritive interactions were without effects. Preliminary data on two subjects suggested that OT might also increase in the cerebrospinal fluid after suckling. Finally, in the third experiment, oral administration of a non-peptide OT receptor antagonist (L-368-899, Merck) over the first 4 h after birth led to decreased exploration of the mother’s body compared to lambs receiving saline, and impaired the expression of a preference for the mother at 24 h. The effects were no longer observed at 48 h. Our findings demonstrate that both delayed access to the mother’s udder and OT receptor antagonist alter the onset of mother preference in newborn lambs. This suggests that central OT facilitates the development of filial attachment through its release during suckling.
High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Slurry-Coated Li6PS5Cl/S/C Composite Electrodes
Authors: Zheng Chao , Wang Kai , Li Lujie , Huang Hui , Liang Chu , Gan Yongping , He Xinping , Zhang Wenkui , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2021

Among many lithium secondary batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries stand out because of their high theoretical specific energy, low cost, non-toxicity and the fact that they cause no environmental pollution. However, due to poor electronic and ionic conductivity, shuttle effect, lithium dendrites and other defects, it remains a big challenge to achieve large-scale application of lithium-sulfur batteries. Here we report an all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery based on Li-argyrodite Li6PS5Cl solid-state electrolytes through a slurry-coating method. Li6PS5Cl with a high ionic conductivity of 1.3 × 10–3 S cm−1 at room temperature is used as the solid electrolyte and the ion conductive additive in the electrode. The sulfur-based composite cathode is fabricated through a slurry-coating process by dispersing sulfur, Li6PS5Cl, ethyl cellulose, and carbon black in 1,3-dioxolane (DOL). This method can disperse the Li6PS5Cl around sulfur particles well, and the solvent does not react with any component of composite cathodes during preparation. The battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 962 mA h g−1 at room temperature for the first cycle at 80 mA g−1. While the Coulombic eﬃciency is approximately 99.5% during 100 cycles. This work provides a new insight into the combination method between the sulfide-type SSEs and sulfur cathodes, which is critical to the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries.
Rational Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic Hierarchical Scaffolds With Bone-Matchable Strength for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Lian Ruixian , Xie Peng , Xiao Lan , Iqbal Zoya , Zhang Shihao , Kohn Joachim , Qu Xue , Liu Changsheng , Li Yulin 
Published: February 2021

The development of scaffolds with bone-mimicking compositions, hierarchical structure, and bone-matchable mechanical properties may offer a novel route for the achievement of effective bone regeneration. Although bioactive glasses have been widely utilized for bone regeneration at the clinical level, their brittleness and uncontrolled pore structure limit further applications. Herein, this study aims to develop a kind of bioactive scaffold with a macroporous/microporous/mesoporous structure via impregnating a sponge template with mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) sol, followed by sponge template removal. In order to improve the mechanical properties and stability of the MBG scaffolds, desaminotyrosyl ethyl tyrosine polycarbonates (PDTEC), a biodegradable polymer which does not induce acid side-effects caused by conventional polylactide, was selected to decorate the resulting hierarchical scaffolds through a surface coating approach. The PDTEC functionalization endowed the scaffolds with improved mechanical strength matching the bearable range of trabecular bone (2–12 MPa). Meanwhile, the relative neutral pH value was maintained during their degradation process. In vitro studies demonstrated that the PDTEC accelerated the biomineralization of the scaffolds, and promoted the attachment and proliferation, holding high promise for bone regeneration.
The Impact of Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy on Surgical and Oncological Outcomes for Patients With Prostate Cancer Before Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lijin , Zhao Hu , Wu Bin , Zha Zhenlei , Yuan Jun , Feng Yejun 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis systematic study aimed to assess and compare the comprehensive evidence regarding the impact of neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) on surgical and oncological outcomes of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) before radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsLiterature searches were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Using PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases, we identified relevant studies published before July 2020. The pooled effect sizes were calculated in terms of the odds ratios (ORs)/standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the fixed or random-effects model.ResultsWe identified 22 clinical trials (6 randomized and 16 cohort) including 20,199 patients with PCa. Our meta-analysis showed no significant differences in body mass index (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI: −0.08–0.29, p = 0.274) and biopsy Gleason score (GS) (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.76–2.35 p = 0.321) between the two groups. However, the NHT group had a higher mean age (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07–0.31, p = 0.001), preoperative prostate-specific antigen (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.19–0.75, p = 0.001), and clinic tumor stage (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.53–3.29, p &lt; 0.001). Compared to the RP group, the NHT group had lower positive surgical margins (PSMs) rate (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29–0.67, p &lt; 0.001) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.26–0.83, p = 0.009). Between both groups, there were no significant differences in estimated blood loss (SMD = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.24–0.13, p = 0.556), operation time (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI: −0.12–0.51, p = 0.219), pathological tumor stage (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.54–1.06, p = 0.104), specimen GS (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.49–1.68, p = 0.756), and lymph node involvement (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.40–1.45, p = 0.404).ConclusionsNHT prior to RP appeared to reduce the tumor stage, PSMs rate, and risk of BCR in patients with PCa. According to our data, NHT may be more suitable for older patients with higher tumor stage. Besides, NHT may not increase the surgical difficulty of RP.
Impact of the Low-Price Medicine Policy on Medicine Supply in China: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Zhao Mingyue , Gillani Ali Hassan , Ji Duan , Feng Zhitong , Fang Yu , Yang Caijun 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of the Low-Price Medicine Policy (LPMP) on the supply of low-price medicines (LPMs) in China. The secondary objective of the study was to describe the supply situation of LPMs from 2005 to 2018.Methods: The LPMP was launched in the third quarter of 2014 (2014Q3). An interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the impact of LPMP on the supply of LPMs in China. Ordinary least squares and Poisson regression models were utilized to estimate the effect of LPMP on LPMs’ supply growth rate and the number of supplied LPMs. All the LPMs were divided into two subgroups: intermittent supply and continuous supply. The trend and level changes of the quarterly average growth rate and number of quarterly supplies for different LPM groups were analyzed from 2005 to 2018.Findings: For the quarterly average growth rate, before the intervention, a significant increasing trend was observed in the total group and the continuous supply subgroup; after the introduction of LPMP, the increasing trend was ceased and a significant decrease in the trend and level was noted for both the total group (trend coefficient: β3= −0.0132, p &lt; 0.01; level coefficient: β2 = −0.1510, p &lt; 0.05) and the continuous supply subgroup (trend coefficient: β3 = −0.0133, p &lt; 0.01; level coefficient: β2 = −0.1520, p &lt; 0.05); whereas it had no significant effect for intermittent supply subgroup. For the number of quarterly supplies, after the intervention of LPMP, decline of the supply number was observed (trend coefficient: β3 = −0.0027, p &lt; 0.001; level coefficient: β2 = −0.0584, p &lt; 0.001); whereas the LPMP was associated with an upward trend and level (trend coefficient: β3 = 0.0715, p &lt; 0.001; level coefficient: β2 = 0.174) for the intermittent supply subgroup.Conclusion: For most of the LPMs, LPMP did not meet the goal of stimulating LPM production. However, for severely shortage medicines (the intermittent supply subgroup), the effect of LPMP was positive. Comprehensive policies rather than just deregulating medicine price should be introduced to alleviate the situation of medicine shortage in China.
Consciência, eu, ipiseidade: cadernos de anotações
Authors: Carrasco Alexandre de Oliveira Torres 
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo pretende acompanhar o percurso e a travessia sartreana para construção e formalização teórica e, em alguma medida, prática do problema do “eu” e da “ipseidade”, tal como deságua em “O ser e o nada” na conhecida quinta seção do capítulo “As estruturas imediatas do para-si”, a saber, “O eu e o circuito da ipseidade”. Sem que se pretenda dar uma relevo exagerado ao problema ou dar-lhe tratamento exaustivo, cremos que os impasses em torno da tríade consciência, eu e ipseidade podem oferecer notável instrumento analítico para compreensão não só da filosofia sartreana como também dos impasses e do sentido do debate daquelas “filosofias do concreto”. O retorno de considerável carga e atenção teóricas para problemas em torno do “eu” (e sua constelação de correlatos), bem como a emergência, por assim dizer, de um (ou vários) Descartes redivivo entrando em cena no pós-guerra francês, com as exigências de tantos mais cogitos quanto Descartes, tais movimentos indicam certa centralidade relativa da questão aqui pontuada e são tanto quantos efeitos da virada que dá a Filosofia Francesa em torno dos anos trinta do século passado. Igualmente são modos de mensurar o que apresentamos, por ora, sumariamente, tomados igualmente como efeitos e índices dessa virada. O que nos propomos, porém, aquém de interpretações mais gerais, é acompanhar certo jogo e movimento teórico, desde o texto inaugural, “A Transcendência do Ego” até a solução de “O ser e o nada” em torno do binômio eu/consciência e o sentido da formalização que faz Sartre, já em “O ser e nada”, nos termos de um “circuito da ipseidade”.
Pushing the Band Gap Envelope of Quasi-Type II Heterostructured Nanocrystals to Blue: ZnSe/ZnSe

1-
X

Te

X

/ZnSe Spherical Quantum Wells
Authors: Chang Jun Hyuk , Lee Hak June , Rhee Seunghyun , Hahm Donghyo , Jeong Byeong Guk , Nagamine Gabriel , Padilha Lazaro A. , Char Kookheon , Hwang Euyheon , Bae Wan Ki 
Published: February 2021

Quasi-type II heterostructured nanocrystals (NCs) have been of particular interest due to their great potential for controlling the interplay of charge carriers. However, the lack of material choices for quasi-type II NCs restricts the accessible emission wavelength from red to near-infrared (NIR), which hinders their use in light-emitting applications that demand a wide range of visible colors. Herein, we demonstrate a new class of quasi-type II nanoemitters formulated in ZnSe/ZnSe

1-
X

Te

X

/ZnSe seed/spherical quantum well/shell heterostructures (SQWs) whose emission wavelength ranges from blue to orange. In a given geometry, ZnSe

1-
X

Te

X

emissive layers grown between the ZnSe seed and the shell layer are strained to fit into the surrounding media, and thus, the lattice mismatch between ZnSe

1-
X

Te

X

and ZnSe is effectively alleviated. In addition, composition of the ZnSe

1-
X

Te

X

emissive layer and the dimension of the ZnSe shell layer are engineered to tailor the distribution and energy of electron and hole wave functions. Benefitting from the capabilities to tune the charge carriers on demand and to form defect-free heterojunctions, ZnSe/ZnSe

1-
X

Te

X

/ZnSe/ZnS NCs show near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (

PL

QY
>
90
%

) in a broad range of emission wavelengths (peak PL from 450 nm to 600 nm). Finally, we exemplify dichromatic white NC-based light-emitting diodes (NC-LEDs) employing the mixed layer of blue- and yellow-emitting ZnSe/ZnSe

1-
X

Te

X

/ZnSe/ZnS SQW NCs.
Tensiones entre el Tratado sobre Integración y Complementación Minera y la “Ley de Glaciares” en Argentina
Authors: Bruculo Celia Romina , Isla Raffaele Maria Laura 
Published: February 2021

En un contexto de expansión del modelo extractivo en América Latina, en 1997 Argentina y Chile firmaron el Tratado sobre Integración y Complementación Minera con el fin de posibilitar las inversiones en las zonas fronterizas en un área geopolíticamente estratégica, lo que habilitó un espacio para el desarrollo de esta actividad sin restricciones superpuestas entre ambos países. En ese marco, se aprobó el primer megaproyecto binacional, Pascua Lama, propiedad de la empresa Barrick Gold, fuertemente cuestionado en ambas partes de la cordillera debido a sus impactos ambientales. En Argentina la sanción de la Leyes de Presupuestos Mínimos para la Preservación de los Glaciares y del Ambiente Periglacial (Ley 26.418/2008, Ley 26.639/2010), que prohibió la minería sobre esas áreas, fue percibida por el sector minero como una amenaza a sus intereses económicos. Tomando como enfoques teóricos la Ecología Política y las Relaciones Internacionales, este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las tensiones que surgen entre el Tratado binacional y la “Ley de Glaciares” en relación con los intereses mineros y la conservación de los ecosistemas glaciares y periglaciales. Se analizan aspectos socioambientales, legales, políticos y corporativos, considerando la complejidad de la coexistencia de ambos instrumentos jurídicos en un extenso territorio binacional.