bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal evolution in liver cancer at single-cell and single-variant resolution
Authors: Su Xianbin , Zhao Linan , Shi Yi , Zhang Rui , Long Qi , Bai Shihao , Luo Qing , Lin Yingxin , Zou Xin , Ghazanfar Shila , Tao Kun , Yang Guoliang , Wang Lan , He Kun-Yan , Cui Xiaofang , He Jian , Wu Jiao-Xiang , Han Bo , Yan Bin , Deng Biao , Wang Na , Li Xiaolin , Yang Pengyi , Hou Shangwei , Sun Jielin , Yang Jean Y. H. , Chen Jinhong , Han Ze-Guang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenetic heterogeneity of tumor is closely related to its clonal evolution, phenotypic diversity and treatment resistance, and such heterogeneity has only been characterized at single-cell sub-chromosomal scale in liver cancer. Here we reconstructed the single-variant resolution clonal evolution in human liver cancer based on single-cell mutational profiles. The results indicated that key genetic events occurred early during tumorigenesis, and an early metastasis followed by independent evolution was observed in primary liver tumor and intrahepatic metastatic portal vein tumor thrombus. By parallel single-cell RNA-Seq, the transcriptomic phenotype of HCC was found to be related with genetic heterogeneity. For the first time we reconstructed the single-cell and single-variant clonal evolution in human liver cancer, and dissection of both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity will facilitate better understanding of their relationship.
Follow-up evaluation of the immunological status of children admitted for acute cerebral nervous system infections: a retrospective study
Authors: Spina Giulia , Bozzola Elena , Carsetti Rita , Mortari Eva Piano , Mascolo Cristina , Roversi Marco , Villani Alberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute Cerebral Nervous System Infections (ACNS) may cause death or severe complications even to promptly treated children. The role of the immune system in influencing the course and the outcome of meningitis has been studied but it is not yet completely understood. The aim of the research is to ascertain whether children who experienced ACNS infection had a normal immune system.

Methods
Patients under 18 years of age admitted at Bambino Gesù Children from January 2006 till June 2016 for meningitis were asked to participate to the follow-up study. The immune status was evaluated both clinically and by laboratory investigations.

Results
Most of the patients over 3 years at follow up had at least one immunological alteration at follow-up evaluation (74%). Considering ACNS infection etiology, certain pathogens were almost exclusive of patients affected by some immunological alteration, regardless of their age.

Discussion
Our preliminary results indicate that sub-clinical immunological defects may be associated to ACNS pediatric infections. Moreover, to the best of our knowledges, this is the first study correlating pathogens to immune evaluation in ACNS infections. It is, however, important to underline the high frequency of persistent immunological alterations in the analyzed patients. Further studies are needed to confirm our conclusions.

Conclusions
We recommend an immunological assessment at follow up evaluation in children who experienced an ACNS infection.
Feasibility study protocol of a pragmatic, randomised controlled pilot trial: membrane sweeping to prevent post-term pregnancy—the MILO Study
Authors: Finucane Elaine M. , Biesty Linda , Murphy Deirdre , Cotter Amanda , Molloy Eleanor , O’Donnell Martin , Treweek Shaun , Gillespie Paddy , Campbell Marian , Morrison John J. , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Gyte Gill , Devane Declan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Post-term pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal complications, respiratory distress and trauma to the neonate. Amniotic membrane sweeping has been recommended as a simple procedure to promote the spontaneous onset of labour. However, despite its widespread use, there is an absence of evidence on (a) its effectiveness and (b) its optimal timing and frequency. The primary aim of the MILO Study is to inform the optimal design of a future definitive randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness (including optimal timing and frequency) of membrane sweeping to prevent post-term pregnancy. We will also assess the acceptability and feasibility of the proposed trial interventions to clinicians and women (through focus group interviews).

Methods/design
Multicentre, pragmatic, parallel-group, pilot randomised controlled trial with an embedded factorial design. Pregnant women with a live, singleton foetus ≥ 38 weeks gestation; cephalic presentation; longitudinal lie; intact membranes; English speaking and ≥ 18 years of age will be randomised in a 2:1 ratio to membrane sweep versus no membrane sweep. Women allocated randomly to a sweep will then be randomised further (factorial component) to early (from 39 weeks) versus late (from 40 weeks) sweep commencement and a single versus weekly sweep. The proposed feasibility study consists of four work packages, i.e. (1) a multicentre, pilot randomised trial; (2) a health economic analysis; (3) a qualitative study; and (4) a study within the host trial (a SWAT). Outcomes to be collected include recruitment and retention rates, compliance with protocol, randomisation and allocation processes, attrition rates and cost-effectiveness. Focus groups will be held with women and clinicians to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the proposed intervention, study procedures and perceived barriers and enablers to recruitment.

Discussion
The primary aim of the MILO Study is to inform the optimal design of a future definitive randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness (including optimal timing and frequency) of membrane sweeping to prevent post-term pregnancy. Results will inform whether and how the design of the definitive trial as originally envisaged should be delivered or adapted.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04307199. Registered on 12 March 2020
A novel recyclable furoic acid-assisted pretreatment for sugarcane bagasse biorefinery in co-production of xylooligosaccharides and glucose
Authors: Dai Lin , Huang Tian , Jiang Kankan , Zhou Xin , Xu Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Pretreatment is the key step for utilizing lignocellulosic biomass, which can extract cellulose from lignin and disrupt its recalcitrant crystalline structure to allow much more effective enzymatic hydrolysis; and organic acids pretreatment with dual benefic for generating xylooligosaccharides and boosting enzymatic hydrolysis has been widely used in adding values to lignocellulose materials. In this work, furoic acid, a novel recyclable organic acid as catalyst, was employed to pretreat sugarcane bagasse to recover the xylooligosaccharides fraction from hemicellulose and boost the subsequent cellulose saccharification.

Results
The FA-assisted hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using 3% furoic acid at 170 °C for 15 min resulted in the highest xylooligosaccharides yield of 45.6%; subsequently, 83.1 g/L of glucose was harvested by a fed-batch operation with a solid loading of 15%. Overall, a total of 120 g of xylooligosaccharides and 335 g glucose could be collected from 1000 g sugarcane bagasse starting from the furoic acid pretreatment. Furthermore, furoic acid can be easily recovered by cooling crystallization.

Conclusion
This work put forward a novel furoic acid pretreatment method to convert sugarcane bagasse into xylooligosaccharides and glucose, which provides a strategy that the sugar and nutraceutical industries can be used to reduce the production cost. The developed process showed that the yields of xylooligosaccharides and byproducts were controllable by shortening the reaction time; meanwhile, the recyclability of furoic acid also can potentially reduce the pretreatment cost and potentially replace the traditional mineral acids pretreatment.
DNA methylation impact on Fabry disease
Authors: Di Risi Teodolinda , Vinciguerra Roberta , Cuomo Mariella , Della Monica Rosa , Riccio Eleonora , Cocozza Sirio , Imbriaco Massimo , Duro Giovanni , Pisani Antonio , Chiariotti Lorenzo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked disease caused by mutations in GLA gene with consequent lysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Women with FD often show highly heterogeneous symptoms that can manifest from mild to severe phenotype.

Main body
The phenotypic variability of the clinical manifestations in heterozygous women with FD mainly depends on the degree and direction of inactivation of the X chromosome. Classical approaches to measure XCI skewness might be not sufficient to explain disease manifestation in women. In addition to unbalanced XCI, allele-specific DNA methylation at promoter of GLA gene may influence the expression levels of the mutated allele, thus impacting the onset and the outcome of FD. In this regard, analyses of DNA methylation at GLA promoter, performed by approaches allowing distinction between mutated and non-mutated allele, may be much more informative. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate recent literature articles addressing the potential role of DNA methylation in the context of FD. Although up to date relatively few works have addressed this point, reviewing all pertinent studies may help to evaluate the importance of DNA methylation analysis in FD and to develop new research and technologies aimed to predict whether the carrier females will develop symptoms.

Conclusions
Relatively few studies have addressed the complexity of DNA methylation landscape in FD that remains poorly investigated. The hope for the future is that ad hoc and ultradeep methylation analyses of GLA gene will provide epigenetic signatures able to predict whether pre-symptomatic female carriers will develop symptoms thus helping timely interventions.
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma incidentally discovered as an asymptomatic mediastinal mass: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sajid Mir Ibrahim , Arshad Sidra , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid , Fatimi Saulat Hasnain , Din Nasir Ud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare tumor characterized by bland histological features and aggressive clinical course. The most common anatomic locations of occurrence are the lower extremities, thorax, inguinal area, and upper limbs. Primary mediastinal sarcomas are even rarer. To the best of our knowledge, only seven cases of primary mediastinal LGFMS have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of primary mediastinal LGFMS.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old Pakistani man presented with fever and vomiting for the past 2 months. On a routine chest x-ray, a mediastinal mass was incidentally found. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large circumscribed lobulated soft tissue density mass lesion in an anterior mediastinum. Grossly, the resected mass measured 17.0 × 12.0 × 11.0 cm. The cut surface was gray white with a whorled-like appearance and foci of calcification and cystic changes. Histologically, a spindle cell lesion was seen with alternating myxoid and hyalinized areas. The shaped cells were arranged in bundles. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive reactivity patterns with MUC4 and focally for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The diagnosis was confirmed as LGFMS. The patient is free of symptoms and recurrence 22 months after the surgery.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we report a rare case of primary mediastinal LGFMS in a young male patient that was discovered incidentally. Our patient is on regular follow-up to look for evidence of recurrence as these tumors are prone to recurrences.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting as iron deficiency anemia: a case report
Authors: Sim Peng Yong , Taribagil Priyal , Woollacott Ione O. C. , Rashid Safina , Kidd Desmond P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in association with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is rare.

Case presentation
This case report depicts the unusual case of a 31-year-old woman of mixed Jamaican and English heritage with IIH who presented initially as IDA in the context of menorrhagia. Subsequent ophthalmic review, lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging studies revealed severe bilateral optic disc swelling and raised intracranial pressure in keeping with IIH. Prompt treatment of IDA with blood transfusion and orally administered iron supplements, in addition to medical treatment for IIH, contributed to significant improvement of symptoms and prevented long-term visual deficits.

Conclusion
The possibility of IDA, albeit rare, should always be considered and investigated appropriately in all patients with IIH, as the treatment of the anemia alone may be sight-saving.
COVID-19 and emergencies in patients with diabetes: two case reports
Authors: Dey Rajib Kumar , Hilmy Abdullah Isneen , Imad Hisham Ahmed , Yoosuf Abdul Azeez , Latheef Ali Abdulla 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Maldives reported its first Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case on March 7th, 2020. Since then more than 9400 positive cases and 33 deaths have been reported. Recently studies have shown that COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a poor prognosis and a higher mortality rate when compared to the non-diabetic patients. Poorly controlled diabetic patients had a higher incidence of complications like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) which might have been precipitated by COVID-19. DKA and HHS are potentially lethal but preventable conditions. During this pandemic, although cases of uncontrolled diabetes are frequently reported, there is scarcity in reporting of cases with diabetic emergencies.

Case presentation
Case 1 was a 53-year old Asian male, admitted on Day 10th of illness with DKA with acute kidney injury, and Moderate COVID-19. Case 2 was a 72-year old Asian male, admitted with mild COVID-19 who developed HHS with acute kidney injury on day 9 of illness. Both patients were managed conservatively in intensive care unit, with intravenous fluids and insulin.

Conclusion
Clinicians should focus on close monitoring of diabetic patients with COVID-19, to prevent diabetic emergencies like DKA and HHS. It is important to aggressively manage these conditions for a favorable outcome.
Sex differences in uterine artery Doppler during gestation in pregnancies complicated by placental dysfunction
Authors: Paranavitana Leah , Walker Melissa , Chandran Anjana Ravi , Milligan Natasha , Shinar Shiri , Whitehead Clare L. , Hobson Sebastian R. , Serghides Lena , Parks W. Tony , Baschat Ahmet A. , Macgowan Christopher K. , Sled John G. , Kingdom John C. , Cahill Lindsay S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence of sex differences in placental vascular development. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fetal sex on uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) throughout gestation in a cohort of normal and complicated pregnancies.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 240 pregnant women. Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound of the proximal uterine arteries was performed at a 4-weekly interval between 14 and 40 weeks of gestation. The patients were classified retrospectively as normal or complicated (one or more of maternal preeclampsia, preterm birth, or small for gestational age). To assess if the change in uterine artery PI during gestation differed between normal and complicated pregnancies and between fetal sexes, the uterine artery PI was modeled using a linear function of gestational age and the rate of change was estimated from the slope.ResultsWhile the uterine artery PI did not differ over gestation between females and males for normal pregnancies, the trajectory of this index differed by fetal sex for pregnancies complicated by either preeclampsia, preterm birth, or fetal growth restriction (p< 0.0001). The male fetuses in the complicated pregnancy group had an elevated slope compared to the other groups (p< 0.0001), suggesting a more progressive deterioration in uteroplacental perfusion over gestation.ConclusionsThe uterine artery PI is widely used to assess uteroplacental function in clinical settings. The observation that this metric changes more rapidly in complicated pregnancies where the fetus was male highlights the importance of sex when interpreting hemodynamic markers of placental maturation.
The generalized U–H and U–H stability and existence analysis of a coupled hybrid system of integro-differential IVPs involving φ-Caputo fractional operators
Authors: Boutiara Abdellatif , Etemad Sina , Hussain Azhar , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a coupled system of the hybrid fractional integro-differential equations involving φ-Caputo fractional operators. To achieve this goal, we make use of a hybrid fixed point theorem for a sum of three operators due to Dhage and also the uniqueness result is obtained by making use of the Banach contraction principle. Moreover, we explore the Ulam–Hyers stability and its generalized version for the given coupled hybrid system. An example is presented to guarantee the validity of our existence results.
Differential equations of even-order with p-Laplacian like operators: qualitative properties of the solutions
Authors: Bazighifan Omar , Abdeljawad Thabet , Al-Mdallal Qasem M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the oscillation of solutions for an even-order differential equation with middle term, driven by ap-Laplace differential operator of the form$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} ( r ( x ) \Phi _{p}[z^{ ( \kappa -1 ) } ( x ) ] ) ^{\prime }+a ( x ) \Phi _{p}[f ( z^{ ( \kappa -1 ) } ( x ) ) ]+ \sum_{i=1}^{j}q_{i} ( x ) \Phi _{p}[h ( z ( \delta _{i} ( x ) ) ) ]=0, \\ \quad j\geq 1, r ( x ) >0, r^{\prime } ( x ) +a ( x ) \geq 0, x\geq x_{0}>0. \end{cases}$${(r(x)Φp[z(κ−1)(x)])′+a(x)Φp[f(z(κ−1)(x))]+∑i=1jqi(x)Φp[h(z(δi(x)))]=0,j≥1,r(x)>0,r′(x)+a(x)≥0,x≥x0>0.The oscillation criteria for these equations have been obtained. Furthermore, an example is given to illustrate the criteria.
Health status and health behaviour of the Hungarian homeless people
Authors: Nagy-Borsy Emese , Vági Zsolt , Skerlecz Petra , Szeitl Blanka , Kiss István , Rákosy Zsuzsa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Homelessness has risen recently in Europe, but there is lack of comprehensive health data on this population. Our aim was to characterize the health of the Hungarian homeless population.

Methods
We performed a health survey with 453 homeless individuals. The results were compared to the age and sex standardized data of the general Hungarian population and its lowest income quintile from the European Health Interview Survey 2014. The differences by the ETHOS classification within the homeless population were also studied.

Results
Significantly fewer homeless people reported good health status than in the general population or in its lowest income quintile (p< 0.001). Of the participants 70% had at least one chronic disease, only 41% of them visited a GP and 35% took medication in the previous 12 months. While 59% of the lowest income quintile and 50% of the general population had at least one chronic disease, almost all of them visited a physician and took medication. The highest prevalence of morbidity (80%) and multimorbidity (46%) was reported in the houseless group. The majority of the homeless people were current smokers, the prevalence was much higher than in the two reference populations (p< 0.001). The prevalence of heavy drinkers was the highest among the roofless participants (40%).

Conclusions
Homeless people have much poorer health and they utilize health services less than the most disadvantaged quintile of the general population. There is a clear social gradient within the homeless population, as well, which calls for integrated approaches for specific interventions to improve their health.
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a novel model to study the relationship between the avian microbiome and microbial endocrinology-based host-microbe interactions
Authors: Lyte Joshua M. , Keane James , Eckenberger Julia , Anthony Nicholas , Shrestha Sandip , Marasini Daya , Daniels Karrie M. , Caputi Valentina , Donoghue Annie M. , Lyte Mark 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial endocrinology, which is the study of neuroendocrine-based interkingdom signaling, provides a causal mechanistic framework for understanding the bi-directional crosstalk between the host and microbiome, especially as regards the effect of stress on health and disease. The importance of the cecal microbiome in avian health is well-recognized, yet little is understood regarding the mechanisms underpinning the avian host-microbiome relationship. Neuroendocrine plasticity of avian tissues that are focal points of host-microbiome interaction, such as the gut and lung, has likewise received limited attention. Avian in vivo models that enable the study of the neuroendocrine dynamic between host and microbiome are needed. As such, we utilized Japanese quail(Coturnix japonica)that diverge in corticosterone response to stress to examine the relationship between stress-related neurochemical concentrations at sites of host-microbe interaction, such as the gut, and the cecal microbiome.ResultsOur results demonstrate that birds which contrast in corticosterone response to stress show profound separation in cecal microbial community structure as well as exhibit differences in tissue neurochemical concentrations and structural morphologies of the gut. Changes in neurochemicals known to be affected by the microbiome were also identified in tissues outside of the gut, suggesting a potential relationship in birds between the cecal microbiome and overall avian physiology.ConclusionsThe present study provides the first evidence that the structure of the avian cecal microbial community is shaped by selection pressure on the bird for neuroendocrine response to stress. Identification of unique region-dependent neurochemical changes in the intestinal tract following stress highlights environmental stressors as potential drivers of microbial endocrinology-based mechanisms of avian host-microbiome dialogue. Together, these results demonstrate that tissue neurochemical concentrations in the avian gut may be related to the cecal microbiome and reveal the Japanese quail as a novel avian model in which to further examine the mechanisms underpinning these relationships.