bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disorders of Major Inflammatory Factors and Histopathological Lesions in Excess-iron-fed Sheep Liver
Authors: Zhang LiangYu , Lu Jing , Sun FengJiao , Lv XiaoPing , Liu ChaoNan , Gao XueLi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Iron plays a key role in biological metabolism as an essential microelement. Excess iron may cause pathological damage to the body. The purpose of this work is to explore the disorders of major inflammatory factors and histopathological lesions in the liver of excess-iron-fed sheep. Twenty German Mutton Merino sheep were randomly divided into 4 groups, control group (CON), iron-excess group one (IronE1), iron-excess group two (IronE2) and iron-excess group three (IronE3), respectively. Each group was fed with basal diets supplemented with 50 (CON), 500 (IronE1), 1000 (IronE2), and 1500 (IronE3) mg/kg as ferrous sulfate monohydrate (FeSO4 ·H2O). After 75 days, the liver was removed and collected. A variety of methods were utilized to detect indicators of sheep liver. Results: The histopathological damage of liver in sheep was rather severe with the excess of iron. Hemosiderin deposits were also obviously discovered. The results also showed that the expression of both protein and mRNA of IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ reduced, but the factors of IL-2, IL-6, NF-κB and TGF-β1 obviously increased in the liver of each iron excess group. Corresponding changes were also discovered with the addition of iron dosage. The content of inflammatory factors above showed a significant change with an addition of 1500 mg/kg iron into the basic diet, which indicated that excess iron inhibited the release of IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the sheep liver. The inflammation caused by excess iron extenuated by reducing the content of these three pro-inflammatory factors. The expression of IL-2, IL-6, NF-κB and TGF-β1 increased. As pro-inflammatory factors induced inflammation, anti-inflammatory factors also increased to protect the body from tissue damage. Conclusions: It can be concluded that excess iron can change the expression of main inflammatory factors in sheep liver, which will be an instructive significance to the development of medical prospect for sheep breeding and disease diagnosis.
A Novel LDMOS with Ultralow Specific on-Resistance and Improved Switching Performance
Authors: Wu Lijuan , Wu Haifeng , Zeng Jinsheng , Chen Xing , Su Shaolian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A stepped split triple-gate SOI LDMOS with P/N strip (P/N SSTG SOI LDMOS) is proposed, which has ultralow specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) and low switching losses. The proposed device has a triple-gate (TG) and stepped split gates (SSGs). P strip, N-drift and oxide trench are alternately arranged in the Z direction. Meanwhile, the SSGs are located in the oxide trench of the N-drift region and are distributed in steps. Firstly, the TG increases the channel width (Wch) and has the effect of modulating current distribution, resulting in lower Ron,sp and higher transconductance (gm). Secondly, the SSGs serve as the field plate to assist the depletion of the N-drift region, increasing the optimal doping concentration of the N-drift region (Nd-opt) and further reducing the Ron,sp. Moreover, the SSGs also have the effect of modulating the electric field distribution to maintain a high breakdown voltage (BV). Meanwhile, gate-drain charge (QGD) and switching losses are reduced on account of the introduction of the SSGs. Thirdly, in the off-state, the P strip and SSGs multidimensional assisted depletion of the N-drift region, which greatly increases the Nd-opt. The highly doped N-drift region provides a low-resistance path for the current, which also further reduces Ron,sp. Compared with triple-gate (TG) SOI LDMOS with almost equal breakdown voltage, the Ron,sp and QGD of P/N SSTG SOI LDMOS are reduced by 62% and 63%, respectively.
The impact of an audience response system on evaluation results in medical lectures, a controlled study.
Authors: Wegner Mathis , Michaelis Thorben , Alkatout Ibrahim , Lippross Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Audience Response Systems (ARS) are well perceived by students and lecturers and represent a valuable instrument of quality assurance and student participation in academic teaching. Our controlled study investigated whether ARS in evaluation of medical lectures has an impact on evaluation results, enhances student learning and motivation. Methods: The study was conducted at the University medical center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, over the course of one year. 198 students who participated voluntarily were included. In alternating lectures a paper questionnaire and ARS were offered as an evaluation tool to the audience. In both processes two items concerning teacher’s behavior, three items concerning lecture’s design and two items concerning lecture’s content were investigated by using a seven-item questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, two multiple-choice questions were posed at the end of each evaluation to assess knowledge transfer. Results: 128 students took part using the traditional paper and pencil format, 70 students agreed to use ARS. Participants not using ARS rated the quality of teaching in both items and the structure of the lecture in one item superior to participants using ARS (p < 0.001, p < 0.003, p < 0.001). The screening for participation in the additionally asked MC- questions showed a higher rate of participation in students using ARS. Conclusion: The results of our study show significant differences in lectures’ evaluation using ARS. Students’ motivation to evaluate lectures might increase by using an audience response device.
A novel PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway-Associated Prognostic Signature Correlated With Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhihuai , Xiong Chen , Chen Shuai , Sun Li , Gao Peng , Gao Yuan , Zhu Chunfu , Qin Xihu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the third leading cause of death from cancer worldwide, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway acts as the most common oncogenic pathway in HCC. But few studies have reported the prognostic value of PI3K/AKT associated genes (PAGs) and their association with immune infiltration. Hence, we downloaded the mRNA sequencing data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE14520 dataset of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. The 105 PAGs gene sets were from the Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) website. The biological processes of differently expressed PAGs were explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Then 4 prognostic PAGs (SFN, PRKAA2, PITX2 and CDK1) were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses. A prognostic signature was built base on the four PAGs. Afterward, the high-risk group had shorter survival time in Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed a better prognostic value of risk score (ROC=0.736) compared with other clinicopathological characteristics (AUC ≤ 0.511). The consistent results were obtained in the testing groups involving the GSE14520 dataset and ICGC database. The nomogram predicted the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates in HCC. The correlation among risk score and immune infiltration of monocytes and M0 macrophages were determined, the expression levels of immune checkpoints (PDCD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and TIGIT) were also related to risk score in HCC. The study provided novel insight into the new targets for immunotherapy in HCC.
Clinical Characteristics of 60 Adult Cancer Patients Experience Covid-19: A Descriptive-Analytical Study
Authors: Aznab Mozaffar , Eskandari-Roozbahani Narges , Moazen Homa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to describe the clinical symptoms, the severity of the disease, and survival status of COVID-19 cancer patients, and comparing the results in the different cancer subtypes and stages among various ages/sexes and techniques of treatment.
Method:

In a descriptive-analytical study, the clinical status of 60 cancer patients with a history of Covid-19 over the past year from the covid-19 pandemic in Iran (Jan. 2020-Dec.2020) was assessed.
Results

Most of the patients (68%) were in the solid tumor categories. The mean age of the men was 52 ± 13 years, and women were 47 ± 13 years (P < 0.05). Most cases of COVID-19 positive in solid tumor were breast cancer (24.4%), colon cancer (22%), gastric cancer (9.8%), and in hematologic malignancy, lymphoma (31.6%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (31.6%), and acute leukemia (21.1%). There was a statistically significant difference between two categories of cancer in the clinical manifestations; the stage of cancer and survival status (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

Based on our results risk factors for Covid-19 disease progression, severe pulmonary involvement, and fatal complications in patients with malignancy require further evaluation based on tumor type, stage, age, sex, and treatment options.
Exposure to Long-Term Air Pollution and Incidence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in the General Population: A National Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gwon Jun Gyo , Park Ji Hun , Kim Joung Soo , Seo Hyun-Min 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between long-term outdoor air pollutants and incidence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) using the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database.
Methods

This study is retrospective study. We included 292,091 subjects from the general population who had previously not been diagnosed with PAD by the NHIS-NSC between 2008 and 2014. Hourly air pollutant data (particulate and gaseous) and climate data were collected. Correlation analysis of the collected data confirmed the relationship between air pollution and PAD incidence.
Results

For 1,836,965.4 person-years, incident cases of PAD were observed in 5,243 subjects (285.4/100,000 person-years). In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, there was a significant association between the incidence of PAD and long-term average concentration of SO2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.686; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.108–2.565) and NO2 (HR, 1.200; 95% CI, 1.077–1.336) after the adjustment for variables.
Conclusions

This study demonstrated that SO2 and NO2 exposure are independent risk factors for PAD. On the other hand, new-onset PAD was not affected by exposure to particulate matter such as PM2.5 and PM10.
Invasive Stratified Mucin-Producing Carcinoma (ISMC) of The Uterine Cervix: A Clinicopathological Study of 8 Cases
Authors: Li Tingting , Xie Sixia , Qiu Yichao , Yuan Shuang , Wang Wei , Wang Hongjing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinoma (ISMC) is a rare gynecologic malignancy. Previous studies suggested that ISMC was a morphologic variant of invasive cervical adenocarcinoma. The clinicopathologic features and prognosis of eight cases of ISMC are presented. Clinical symptoms and imaging were atypical. Four cases were pure ISMCs, and four cases were ISMCs mixed with usual-type endocervical adenocarcinomas. The depths of stromal invasion were more than half (5/8), with approximate full-thickness in one case, and there was vascular invasion (5/8), neutral invasion (3/8), uterine segment involvement (3/8), and parametrial involvement (1/8). One of the patients underwent vaginal cuff surgery. Lymph node metastasis was seen in two patients (2/8). All cases were diffusely positive for p16 and high Ki67 expression. These cases had high-risk HPV16,18, 58 infection. All patients were alive after surgery and adjuvant therapy during the 8- to 21-month follow-up, and only one developed vaginal wall recurrence at 15 months. The present data and those obtained from the literature suggest that ISMC is an invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma with high-risk HPV infection, mainly HPV18, and has a risk of recurrence and metastasis.
Gelatin, a protective agent against iron gall ink corrosion?
Authors: Gimat Alice , Michelin Anne , Massiani Pascale , Rouchon Véronique 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Iron gall Inks are known to promote paper degradation, thus jeopardizing the conservation of written Heritage. This phenomenon, also called iron gall ink corrosion, is not only governed by chemical reactions occurring between ink constituents and cellulose (the main constituent of paper) but also by the penetration of ink components inside the paper. This penetration depends on the ability of water and ink soluble components to migrate inside the sheet. This latter is composed of hydrophilic cellulosic fibers (of diameter approx. 10 µm) embedded in a size that lowers water affinity and thus makes it suitable for writing. This work aims to better understand the impact of gelatin size on iron gall ink corrosion by investigating the distribution of gelatin and ink components at the scale of individual paper fibers. STXM, a nano-scale mapping technique (resolution of 30 nm) that also allows NEXAFS analysis was used for this purpose. Fe L-edge measurements enabled to map iron distribution and to locate iron(II) and iron(III) rich areas. N K-edge measurement made it possible to map gelatin distribution. C K-edge measurements allowed mapping and discrimination of cellulose, gallic acid, iron gall ink precipitate and gelatin. Three fibers were studied: an inked fiber with no size, a sized fiber that was afterwards inked and an inked fiber sprayed with gelatin (to model the impact of conservation treatments that use gelatin as a re-sizing agent). Analysis of gelatin and ink ingredients distribution inside and outside the cellulosic fiber gave some clues to account for the limiting impact of gelatin on iron gall ink corrosion.
Delayed Skin Reaction After mRNA-1273 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors:   Norman-Philipp Hoff1, Freise Noemi , Schmidt Albrecht G. , Firouzi-Memarpuri Parnian , Reifenberger Julia , Lüdde Tom , Boelke Edwin , Meller Stephan , Homey Bernhard , Feldt Torsten , Jensen Björn Erik Ole , Keitel Verena , Schmidt Livia , Maas Kitti , Haussmann Jan , Tamaskovics Balint , Budach Wilfried , Fischer Johannes C. , Buhren Bettina Alexandra , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Schneider Marion , Gerber Peter Arne , Pedotoa Alessia , Häussinger Dieter , Grebe Olaf , Griensven Martijn van , Braun Stephan A. , Salzmann Stefan , Rezazadeh Amir , Matuschek Christiane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with a wide clinical spectrum of skin manifestations, including chilblain‐like, urticarial, vesicular and vasculitic lesions. Recently, delayed skin reactions following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 have been reported. The exact pathomechanisms underlying these skin lesions remain unknown. Here, we describe eleven cases of delayed skin reactions after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with the mRNA-1273 vaccine, discuss their transient and benign clinical courses and consider their potential pathomechanisms based on histopathological analyses. We conclude that further investigations to characterize the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this rare phenomenon are warranted.
Recovery of biologically active compounds from stinging nettle leaves part I: supercritical fluid extraction
Authors: Đurović Saša , Šorgić Saša , Popov Saša , Pezo Lato , Mašković Pavle , Blagojević Stevan , Zeković Zoran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is annual plant from Urticaceae family growing wild all over the world. Throughout the history, this plant found its place as a both food and medicine. Due to the nonsufficient study, this work aimed to isolate the bioactive compounds from the stinging nettle leaves by supercritical fluid extraction. Extracts were analyzed and assessed for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Main fatty acids were α-linolenic, palmitic, and linoleic acids in all six samples. Beside fatty acids, chlorophylls and carotenoids were also found in all samples. Four empirical kinetic equations were effectively utilized for kinetic modeling of supercritical fluid extraction of stinging nettle leaves oil. As per proper statistical features, empirical models show good concurrence with experimental data. The numerical modeling of a process is gainful to foresee the process conduct and furthermore extend the methodology from laboratory to industrial scales. The principal component analysis was used to visualize the fatty acids profile and antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic activity of extract obtained from stinging nettle leaves. It was found that both composition and activity were strongly dependent on the parameters of the extraction process.
Status of Antimicrobial Stewardship Implementation in Some Egyptian Hospitals, a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hamdy Noha Alaa , Kandil Nahla Hesham , Amer Ahmed Noby 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) aims to stopping or slowing emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains. After initiation of National action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Egypt, there were several initiatives by hospitals to implement ASP but no formal assessment was performed.Objective & setting: This study attempts to assess the extent of ASP application in different Egyptian hospitals; stewardship knowledge & implementation in selected hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess stewardship knowledge & implementation in selected hospitals in Egypt. Main outcome measure: Core elements of the survey included Hospital Description, ASP committee, ASP Activities (including training, restriction methods and outcome measurement), reporting antibiotic use, antibiogram, information technology (IT) support, ASP restriction methods and ASP Future ApplicationResults: The study included many aspects regarding hospital description; all types of hospitals were involved. Most of hospitals (61.8%) implemented an ASP program while 38.2% did not; 71.4 % of the later are planning for future Antimicrobial stewardship application. 22 hospitals (48.5%) reported having facility-specific antibiogram on regular basis. 13 hospitals (37.1%) reported receiving antimicrobial reports on regular basis. 15 hospitals (42.9%) reported having one or more computer programs already in use. The monitoring activities included resistance patterns, infection rates, length of stay, mortality rate & reported adverse drug reactions. Only 20% of the hospitals included in this study reported having an ASP training program. Conclusion: Egyptian hospitals have a fairly good implementation, improvements need to include IT support programs, healthcare members cooperation, monitoring outcomes & infectious disease (ID) consultations.
Effects of Partitioning Time and Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High Strength Microalloyed Steel
Authors: almasi ali , kianvash abbas , tutunchi abolfazl 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the present study, in a quenching-partitioning (Q-P) process, the effects of partitioning time (Pt) and partitioning temperature (PT) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of a microalloyed Fe-0.21C-1.5Si-2.2Mn-0.054Al-0.08Ti steel were studied. The XRD and SEM results confirmed increases in retained austenite (γR) volume fraction (VγR) and (γR)carbon concentration by increasing Pt and PT. XRD patterns confirmed reduction in (VγR)by further increasing the Pt and PT over 500 sec and 390°C, respectively, due to super-saturation of austenite (γ) with carbon. PT of 390°C and Pt of 500 sec were recorded as the optimum values for PTs and Pts, which allowed the present steel to obtain higher formability and higher fracture strain characteristics, while retaining higher hardness and strength. The highest yield and tensile strength, hardness and fracture elongation were obtained for the sample partitioned at 390°C for about 500 sec, which were about 741MPa, 1366 MPa, 424 HV and 25.2 %, respectively.
Impaired visuospatial but not verbal working memory in adult patients with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Tang Hanlu , Wu Qiong , Li Shiwei , Fang Yehong , Yang Zhijun , Wang Bo , Wang XingChao , Liu Pinan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Cognitive dysfunction is one of the main symptoms of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). As an important advanced cognitive function, working memory (WM) has rarely been systematically analyzed in NF1 by isolating the particular domain of WM, and existing data involving WM in adults with NF1 are controversial. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of WM in NF1 from the perspective of the adult population.
Methods

We comprehensively analyzed WM in both verbal and visuospatial WM domains by using the N-back task (including the verbal N-back task and the visuospatial N-back task) in 31 adults with NF1 and 34 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, gender, education levels and general cognitive status. The accuracy and reaction times (RTs) in the N-back task were entered into repeated-measure ANOVAs.
Results

Compared with HCs, adults with NF1 presented significantly lower mean accuracy (F(1,62) = 4.60, p = 0.036) and longer RTs (F(1,62) = 4.91, p = 0.03) in the visuospatial N-back task, and the gap became more obvious as the difficulty levels increased. However, no significant difference was found in the verbal N-back task (accuracy: F(1,62) = 2.41, p = 0.13; RTs: F(1,62) < 1).
Conclusions

Our study found that adults with NF1 had selective deficits in WM (impaired visuospatial but not verbal WM), and visuospatial WM dysfunction became obvious as memory load increased. Our findings supplement and refine the existing data on WM in NF1 disorder and demonstrate functional independence between verbal and visuospatial WM.