bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 3D, Magnetically Actuated, Aligned Collagen Fiber Hydrogel Platform Recapitulates Physical Microenvironment of Myoblasts for Enhancing Myogenesis
Authors: Shi Nianyuan , Li Yuhui , Chang Le , Zhao Guoxu , Jin Guorui , Lyu Yi , Genin Guy M. , Ma Yufei , Xu Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany cell responses that underlie the development, maturation, and function of tissues are guided by the architecture and mechanical loading of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Because mechanical stimulation must be transmitted through the ECM architecture, the synergy between these two factors is important. However, recapitulating the synergy of these physical microenvironmental cues in vitro remains challenging. To address this, a 3D magnetically actuated collagen hydrogel platform is developed that enables combined control of ECM architecture and mechanical stimulation. With this platform, it is demonstrated how these factors synergistically promote cell alignment of C2C12 myoblasts and enhance myogenesis. This promotion is driven in part by the dynamics of Yes‐associated protein and structure of cellular microtubule networks. This facile platform holds great promises for regulating cell behavior and fate, generating a broad range of engineered physiologically representative microtissues in vitro, and quantifying the mechanobiology underlying their functions.
Numerical analysis of high and low‐cycle flexural fatigue for reinforced concrete beams under full‐range of varying amplitudes
Authors: Huang Wenteng , Gong Fuyuan , Jin Weiliang , Maekawa Koichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStructural reinforced concrete (RC) experiences cyclic loads during their service life, and in practice, the load amplitude can always change, which will lead to a mixed high and low‐cycle fatigue failure. This paper aims to investigate the fatigue behaviors of RC beams under different load levels and more importantly, their sequential effects. Based on the path‐dependent constitutive models, the structural degradation under different repeated loads are comprehensively investigated by numerical simulation of higher consistency with the reality. It is fairly indicated that a clear bi‐linear character may exist in the so‐called S‐N diagram, of which the high‐cycle fatigue failure is attributed to rupture of main reinforcement under tension, while the low‐cycle fatigue failure is controlled by the concrete failure in flexural compression zone. A simple design method to consider mixed low and high cycle fatigue is proposed to quantify this bi‐linear character. For the varying amplitude of cyclic loads, the high‐to‐low loading sequence may cause a shortened fatigue life. More interestingly, if a rather high heavy load (0.85 or 0.95 of the static capacity) is applied just once before ordinary fatigue loads (ex. 0.6), the deflection may significantly increase, while the stiffness and final fatigue life would be slightly reduced in view of nonlinear mechanics.
A Three‐stage programmable impedance scaling circuit
Authors: Ohbuchi Takeshi , Matsumoto Fujihiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge capacitances are needed for low‐frequency active filters to process biomedical signals. The large capacitance can be implemented on a chip by an impedance scaling circuit. However, the characteristics of the circuit are affected by process variations. Then, we have proposed a digitally programmable impedance scaling circuit using electrical switches to compensate for the process variations. This paper describes a technique to reduce power consumption as compared with the conventional circuit. The proposed circuit is composed of a three‐stage current mirror circuit and electrical switches. To reduce the power consumption, the only signal current is amplified by current mirror circuits and bias current sources. The tuning range of the scaling factor of capacitance is from −35% to +28%, and the tuning accuracy is 1% using six switches. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations using HSPICE. The power consumption of the proposed circuit is reduced by 51% as compared with the conventional circuit. The proposed circuit is applied to a filter whose cutoff frequency is 100 Hz. From the tuning result, the tuning error is less than 1% for ±30% of ±3σ global variation and ± 3% of ±3σ local variation. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Association between menopausal hormone therapy and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: Implications for precision hormone therapy
Authors: Kim Yu Jin , Soto Maira , Branigan Gregory L , Rodgers Kathleen , Brinton Roberta Diaz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) on age‐associated Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) remains unresolved. To determine the effect of HT, formulation, type, and duration on risk of NDDs, a retrospective analysis was performed using a 10‐year Humana claims dataset.MethodsStudy population included women aged 45 years or older with or without claim records of HT medications. Patients diagnosed with NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia, multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were identified. Relative risk (RR) ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for combined NDDs, or AD, PD, dementia, MS, and ALS were determined. Cumulative hazard ratios were determined to investigate the association between HT and NDDs at different age groups.ResultsIn 379,352 women with or without claim records of HT, use of HT was associated with significantly reduced risk for combined NDDs (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.40–0.43, P < 0.001). Average follow‐up time was 5.1 [2.3] years. Formulations containing natural steroids 17β‐estradiol and/or progesterone were associated with greater reduction in NDD risk. Oral‐ HT users showed significantly reduced RRs (0.42, 0.41–0.44, P < 0.001) for combined NDDs compared to non‐HT users. The RRs for transdermal‐HT users were significantly decreased for all‐cause dementia (0.73, 0.60–0.88, P = 0.001) and MS (0.55, 0.36–0.84, P = 0.005). Greatest reduction in risk of NDD, AD, and dementia emerged in patients aged 65 years or older. Further, the protective effect of long‐term therapy (>1 year) on combined NDDs, AD, PD, and dementia was greater compared to short‐term therapy (≤1 year).DiscussionHT was associated with reduced risk of all NDDs including AD and dementia, with greater duration of therapy and natural steroid formulations associated with greater efficacy. These findings advance precision HT to prevent NDDs including AD.
“Teacher, Teacher, can’t Catch Me!”: Teaching Vocabulary and Grammar using Nursery Rhymes to Children for Whom English is an Additional Language
Authors: Concannon-Gibney Tara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChildren who are learning English as an additional language (EAL) need opportunities to learn English in playful, engaging ways. Nursery rhymes offer an effective forum to explore a wide range of vocabulary and grammar knowledge in a manner that is comprehensible to EAL pupils by using gestures, visuals, and props to support oral language development. This article explores how a pre‐kindergarten teacher used nursery rhymes to teach vocabulary and grammar in her diverse early years’ classroom.
Hyperpolarized MRI with silicon micro and nanoparticles: Principles and applications
Authors: Pudakalakatti Shivanand , Enriquez José S. , McCowan Caitlin , Ramezani Saleh , Davis Jennifer S. , Zacharias Niki M. , Bourgeois Dontrey , Constantinou Pamela E. , Harrington Daniel A. , Carson Daniel , Farach‐Carson Mary C. , Bhattacharya Pratip K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSilicon‐based micro and nanoparticles are ideally suited for use as biomedical imaging agents because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and simple surface chemistry that facilitates drug loading and targeting. A method to hyperpolarize silicon particles using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which increases magnetic resonance (MR) imaging signals by several orders‐of‐magnitude through enhanced nuclear spin alignment, was developed to allow silicon particles to function as contrast agents for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we describe the application of the DNP technique to silicon particles and nanoparticles for background‐free real‐time molecular MR imaging. This review provides a summary of the state‐of‐the‐science in silicon particle hyperpolarization with a detailed protocol for hyperpolarizing silicon particles. This information will foster awareness and spur interest in this emerging area of nanoimaging and provide a path to new developments and discoveries to further advance the field.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
From Fiat to Crypto: The Present and Future of Money
Authors: Dapp Marcus M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter aims to offer readers an entry point to the deep discussion of this volume and the rationale for the “Finance 4.0” system described in later chapters. What is money, why is it designed this way, and what could it become in the crypto age? The chapter contains three parts. The first part describes in rough strokes the basic functions of money and how today’s fiat money system implements them. The second part offers a modest critique of the fiat money system, arguing that many problems take root in the intimate power relationship between “money and state.” The final part presents two cases that address some of the shortcomings. The first is Bitcoin that infamously pursues a state-independent, decentralized conception of money. The second is Finance 4.0, a system that proposes a participatory multi-dimensional money system with built-in incentives for sustainable behavior. If more readers feel empowered to enter the public debate for a better money system in the twenty-first century, this short introduction achieved its aim.
QCD factorization for twist-three axial-vector parton quasidistributions
Authors: Braun Vladimir M. , Ji Yao , Vladimirov Alexey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The transverse component of the axial-vector correlation function of quark fields is a natural starting object for lattice calculations of twist-3 nucleon parton distribution functions. In this work we derive the corresponding factorization expression in terms of twist-2 and twist-3 collinear distributions to one-loop accuracy. The results are presented both in position space, as the factorization theorem for Ioffe-time distributions, and in momentum space, for the axial-vector quasi- and pseudodistributions.
Renormalization of the flavor-singlet axial-vector current and its anomaly in dimensional regularization
Authors: Ahmed Taushif , Chen Long , Czakon Michał 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe renormalization constantZJof the flavor-singlet axial-vector current with a non-anticommutingγ5in dimensional regularization is determined to order$$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$αs3in QCD with massless quarks. The result is obtained by computing the matrix elements of the operators appearing in the axial-anomaly equation$$ {\left[{\partial}_{\mu }{J}_5^{\mu}\right]}_R=\frac{\alpha_s}{4\pi }{n}_f{\mathrm{T}}_F{\left[F\tilde{F}\right]}_R $$∂μJ5μR=αs4πnfTFFF˜Rbetween the vacuum and a state of two (off-shell) gluons to 4-loop order. Furthermore, through this computation, the equality between the$$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$MS¯renormalization constant$$ {Z}_{F\tilde{F}} $$ZFF˜associated with the operator$$ {\left[F\tilde{F}\right]}_R $$FF˜Rand that ofαsis verified explicitly to hold true at 4-loop order. This equality automatically ensures a relation between the respective anomalous dimensions,$$ {\gamma}_J=\frac{\alpha_s}{4\pi }{n}_f{\mathrm{T}}_F{\gamma}_{FJ} $$γJ=αs4πnfTFγFJ, at order$$ {\alpha}_s^4 $$αs4given the validity of the axial-anomaly equation which was used to determine the non-$$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$MS¯piece ofZJfor the particularγ5prescription in use.
Solution of tetrahedron equation and cluster algebras
Authors: Gavrylenko P. , Semenyakin M. , Zenkevich Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We notice a remarkable connection between the Bazhanov-Sergeev solution of Zamolodchikov tetrahedron equation and certain well-known cluster algebra expression. The tetrahedron transformation is then identified with a sequence of four mutations. As an application of the new formalism, we show how to construct an integrable system with the spectral curve with arbitrary symmetric Newton polygon. Finally, we embed this integrable system into the double Bruhat cell of a Poisson-Lie group, show how triangular decomposition can be used to extend our approach to the general non-symmetric Newton polygons, and prove the Lemma which classifies conjugacy classes in double affine Weyl groups of A-type by decorated Newton polygons.
Charms of strongly interacting conformal gauge mediation
Authors: Choi Gong jun , Yanagida Tsutomu T. , Yokozaki Norimi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By extending a previously proposed conformal gauge mediation model, we construct a gauge-mediated SUSY breaking (GMSB) model where a SUSY-breaking scale, a messenger mass, the μ-parameter and the gravitino mass in a minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (MSSM) are all explained by a single mass scale, a R-symmetry breaking scale. We focus on a low scale SUSY-breaking scenario with the gravitino mass m3/2 = $$ \mathcal{O}(1)\mathrm{eV} $$
O

1

eV
, which is free from the cosmological gravitino problem and relaxes the fine-tuning of the cosmological constant. Both the messenger and SUSY-breaking sectors are subject to a hidden strong dynamics with the conformality above the messenger mass threshold (and hence the name of the model “strongly interacting conformal gauge mediation”). In our model, the Higgs B-term is suppressed and a large tan β is predicted, resulting in the relatively light second CP-even Higgs and the CP-odd Higgs with a sizable production cross section. These Higgs bosons can be tested at future LHC experiments.
Large charge sector of 3d parity-violating CFTs
Authors: Cuomo Gabriel , Delacrétaz Luca V. , Mehta Umang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Certain CFTs with a global U(1) symmetry become superfluids when coupled to a chemical potential. When this happens, a Goldstone effective field theory controls the spectrum and correlators of the lightest large charge operators. We show that in 3d, this EFT contains a single parity-violating 1-derivative term with quantized coefficient. This term forces the superfluid ground state to have vortices on the sphere, leading to a spectrum of large charge operators that is remarkably richer than in parity-invariant CFTs. We test our predictions in a weakly coupled Chern-Simons matter theory.
Increased occurrence of ACL injuries for football players in teams changing coach and for players going to a higher division
Authors: Sandon Alexander , Krutsch Werner , Alt Volker , Forssblad Magnus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo identify football-specific factors associated with ACL injuries that can be targeted for sport-specific injury prevention.MethodsA study-specific questionnaire was developed to study the characteristics of ACL injuries in football including intrinsic, extrinsic, and injury specific factors. The questionnaire was available at the Swedish national knee ligament registry’s website for the football players to voluntarily fill out. Data are presented on group level for all football players in total and for females and males separate to examine gender-specific differences. The results are based on answers collected over a 3-year period from 2875 football players, 1762 (61%) males and 1113 (39%) females.ResultsACL were more frequently sustained during games 66% than during practices 25%. The injury mechanism was non-contact in 59% and contact in 41%. For the contact injuries during games, no action was taken by the referee in 63% of the situation and a red card was shown in 0.5%. The risk of ACL injury was highest early in the football game with 47% sustained during the first 30 min and 24% in the first 15 min. Players changing to a higher level of play 15% had a higher rate of ACL injuries than players changing to a lower level 8%. This difference was especially seen in female football players with 20% of ACL injuries being sustained by players going to a higher division compared to 7% for those going to a lower division. 15% of the male and 21% of the female ACL injuries occurred in teams with a coach change during the season. Knee control exercises to warm up was used by 31% of the female players and 16% of the males. 40% of the players reported that they did not plan on returning to football.ConclusionNeuromuscular training programs have proven to reduce ACL injuries, but greater adherence to these remains a challenge as only 1 in 5 of the ACL-injured football players report using them. Teams changing coach and players going to a higher division appear to have an increased risk of ACL injury warranting attention and further investigations.Level of evidenceIV.
Infratentorial pathology in frontotemporal dementia: cerebellar grey and white matter alterations in FTD phenotypes
Authors: McKenna Mary Clare , Chipika Rangariroyashe H. , Li Hi Shing Stacey , Christidi Foteini , Lope Jasmin , Doherty Mark A. , Hengeveld Jennifer C. , Vajda Alice , McLaughlin Russell L. , Hardiman Orla , Hutchinson Siobhan , Bede Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe contribution of cerebellar pathology to cognitive and behavioural manifestations is increasingly recognised, but the cerebellar profiles of FTD phenotypes are relatively poorly characterised. A prospective, single-centre imaging study has been undertaken with a high-resolution structural and diffusion tensor protocol to systematically evaluate cerebellar grey and white matter alterations in behavioural-variant FTD(bvFTD), non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia(nfvPPA), semantic-variant primary progressive aphasia(svPPA), C9orf72-positive ALS-FTD(C9 + ALSFTD) and C9orf72-negative ALS-FTD(C9-ALSFTD). Cerebellar cortical thickness and complementary morphometric analyses were carried out to appraise atrophy patterns controlling for demographic variables. White matter integrity was assessed in a study-specific white matter skeleton, evaluating three diffusivity metrics: fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). Significant cortical thickness reductions were identified in: lobule VII and crus I in bvFTD; lobule VI VII, crus I and II in nfvPPA; and lobule VII, crus I and II in svPPA; lobule IV, VI, VII and Crus I and II in C9 + ALSFTD. Morphometry revealed volume reductions in lobule V in all groups; in addition to lobule VIII in C9 + ALSFTD; lobule VI, VIII and vermis in C9-ALSFTD; lobule V, VII and vermis in bvFTD; and lobule V, VI, VIII and vermis in nfvPPA. Widespread white matter alterations were demonstrated by significant fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity changes in each FTD phenotype that were more focal in those with C9 + ALSFTD and svPPA. Our findings indicate that FTD subtypes are associated with phenotype-specific cerebellar signatures with the selective involvement of specific lobules instead of global cerebellar atrophy.
A deep learning approach using graph convolutional networks for slope deformation prediction based on time-series displacement data
Authors: Ma Zhengjing , Mei Gang , Prezioso Edoardo , Zhang Zhongjian , Xu Nengxiong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSlope deformation prediction is crucial for early warning of slope failure, which can prevent property damage and save human life. Existing predictive models focus on predicting the displacement of a single monitoring point based on time series data, without considering spatial correlations among monitoring points, which makes it difficult to reveal the displacement changes in the entire monitoring system and ignores the potential threats from nonselected points. To address the above problem, this paper presents a novel deep learning method for predicting the slope deformation, by considering the spatial correlations between all points in the entire displacement monitoring system. The essential idea behind the proposed method is to predict the slope deformation based on the global information (i.e., the correlated displacements of all points in the entire monitoring system), rather than based on the local information (i.e., the displacements of a specified single point in the monitoring system). In the proposed method, (1) a weighted adjacency matrix is built to interpret the spatial correlations between all points, (2) a feature matrix is assembled to store the time-series displacements of all points, and (3) one of the state-of-the-art deep learning models, i.e., T-GCN, is developed to process the above graph-structured data consisting of two matrices. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by performing predictions based on a real dataset. The proposed method can be applied to predict time-dependency information in other similar geohazard scenarios, based on time-series data collected from multiple monitoring points.
Contrasting effects of local environment and grazing pressure on the genetic diversity and structure of Artemisia frigida
Authors: Oyundelger Khurelpurev , Herklotz Veit , Harpke Dörte , Oyuntsetseg Batlai , Wesche Karsten , Ritz Christiane M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrylands count among the most globally extensive biomes, and while many desert and dry rangeland ecosystems are under threat, genetic structures of dryland species are still rarely studied. Artemisia frigida is one of the most widely distributed plant species in the temperate rangelands of Eurasia and North America, and it also dominates in many habitats of Mongolia due to its tolerance to low temperatures, drought and disturbance. Local environmental conditions and grazing pressure can influence species performance and affect spatial patterns of genetic diversity in contrasting ways, and our study set out to evaluate such effects on the genetic diversity and structure of A. frigida. We first developed new species-specific Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) markers using whole genome sequencing. We then analysed 11 populations of A. frigida that had been sampled along a large climatic gradient in Mongolia, which were sub-structured according to three levels of grazing intensity. Estimates of genetic diversity at the population level were high (HO = 0.56, HE = 0.73) and tended to increase with higher precipitation and soil nutrient availability. Grazing had no effect on genetic diversity, however, a high number of grazing-specific indicator alleles was found at grazed sites. Genetic differentiation among populations was extremely low (global GST = 0.034). Analysis of Molecular Variance revealed 5% variance between populations along the climatic gradient, with 3% of the variance being partitioned among different grazing intensity levels. We found no relationship between geographic and genetic distances, and thus no isolation by distance in this widely distributed species. The relatively low genetic structuring suggests that considerable gene flow exists among A. frigida populations across the rangelands of Mongolia, in spite of the pervasive grazing in the region.