bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of fuzzy logic and machine learning techniques to improve inherently safer design in process safety management: A brief study
Authors: Karun Baiju , V. R. Renjith , Elayidom Sudheep 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, one of the most significant areas under focus in process safety management was developing an inherently safer design. The main objective of having an inherently safer design is to avoid hazards and risks from developing in the first place, rather than to reduce them after they have already occurred. A number of strategies, including index‐based and other types, are used in today's process industries. This paper provides a brief overview of the current inherent design methods used in the process industries. This study also details how new technologies such as fuzzy logic and machine learning are used in the improvement of inherently safer designs. Traditional safety evaluation methods have flaws such as poor accuracy, large human element influence, which can affect the degree of safety. Inherently safer design prediction was modeled using various machine learning techniques like random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and K‐neighborhood algorithm. Accuracy obtained for the sample prediction of upper flammability limit while using random forest algorithm was found to be more efficient while comparing with K‐neighborhood and support vector machine algorithms. Accuracy obtained was in the range of 90%–95% for each epoch. The accuracy of the model will always be dependent on the type of parameters that we select for prediction. By considering more safety parameters and efficient machine learning algorithms for training models, we can develop systems with high accuracy predictions for inherently safer process plants.
Adaptive dynamic programming for optimal control of discrete‐time nonlinear system with state constraints based on control barrier function
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Wang Jingcheng , Rao Jun , Zhong Yanjiu , Wang Hongyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdaptive dynamic programming (ADP) methods have demonstrated their efficiency. However, many of the applications for which ADP offers great potential, are also safety‐critical and need to meet safety specifications in the presence of physical constraints. In this article, an optimal controller for solving discrete‐time nonlinear systems with state constraints is proposed. By introducing the control barrier function into the utility function, the problem with state constraints is transformed into an unconstrained optimal control problem, addressing state constraints which are difficult to handle by traditional ADP methods. The constructed sequence of value function is shown to be monotonically non‐increasing and converges to the optimal value. Besides, this article gives the stability proof of the developed algorithm, as well as the conditions for satisfying the state constraints. To implement and approximate the control barrier function based adaptive dynamic programming algorithm, an actor‐critic network structure is built. During the training process, two neural networks are used for approximation separately. The performance of the proposed method is validated by testing it on a simulation example.
Who's who: How “women of color” are (or are not) represented in STEM education research
Authors: Miles Monica L. , Agger Charlotte A. , Roby ReAnna S. , Morton Terrell R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite national calls for increasing diversity and inclusion within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), inequitable recruitment and retention strategies remain commonplace. Inherent to many strategies is a lack of specificity in attending to the needs, desires, and cultures of individuals who are minoritized at the intersections of race, gender, and class through the use of broad, sweeping classifications such as “Women of Color.” Using critical race feminism, we engaged in a meta‐synthesis of recent peer‐reviewed, empirical STEM education articles that used the term “Women of Color” to identify (a) how the term “Women of Color” was defined, (b) who was and was not represented by this term and (c) and how research findings accounted for the presence of WOC. We provide a critical discussion of how terminology is used and a call for specificity in equitable and justice‐oriented STEM programming.
Therapeutic Inhibitory Activities of N‐Hydroxy Derived Cytidines: A Patent Overview
Authors: Rajasekhar Sreerama , Das Soumyadip , Balamurali M. M. , Chanda Kaushik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe structural enantiomers of nucleoside analogs are cytidine and β‐D‐N4‐hydroxycytidine derivatives. This implies their significance as excellent anticancer agents by their compatibility with DNA/RNA polymerases and antiviral agents in particular, as polymerase inhibitors by with their ability to selectively inhibit against the Human Corona Virus and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) by reduction assay. This encouraged us to explore and collect the available data on the subject of therapeutic significance of cytidines and β‐D‐N4‐hydroxycytidines. Many of their pharmacologically significant derivatives can serve as alternate targets to be investigated for various therapeutic applications. However, only a few cytidine and β‐D‐N4‐hydroxycytidine derivatives were patented in the past decade. The Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of these patented therapeutic inhibitors range between 0.003 to<50 μM, depending on the nature of the biological assays. The current review examines cytidine and β‐D‐N4‐hydroxycytidine derivatives as anticancer and antiviral targets, to explore over their developments with reference to the advancement of biological, pharmacological and therapeutic activates reported in patents over the last decade. Using various databases of Justia patent, Lens database and Google patents, the granted patents from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved. It is revealed that, the discovery of cytidine scaffolds were encouraged and disclosed for further improvements as therapeutical targets. Further the increase in the number of scientific reports and publications covering anticancer and antiviral agents for selective treatment of different cancers and viral infections indicate the significance of this subject along with few limitations that seek investigations in terms of optimistic, and interactive biological effects.
Exploring the Thermodynamic Behavior and the Effect of Temperature and Electron Radiation on the Structure of Fluorapatite Compounds
Authors: Das Pratik , Vats Bal Govind , Samui Pradeep , Kesari Swayam , Shafeeq Muhammed , Parida Suresh C. , Dash Smruti 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluorapatite compounds of calcium and strontium; (Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Sr10(PO4)6F2), are being explored as alternative to borosilicate glass matrix for nuclear waste immobilization. This study is aimed at investigating the thermodynamic behavior of these compounds as well as the effect of temperature and electron radiation on their crystal lattice. Heat capacity and enthalpy increments of these compounds were measured using calorimetric technique. Thermal expansion up to 1073 K was measured by High Temperature X‐ray Diffraction (HT‐XRD). Electron beam radiation induced polymeric phosphate linkage formation in the structure was evidenced by vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman). Combined XRD, IR and Raman study revealed that Ca10(PO4)6F2 is more resistant towards structural damage upon electron beam irradiation as compared to Sr10(PO4)6F2.
On the Protonation and Deuteration of Per‐Arylated Amines**
Authors: Hartmann Horst , Heichert Christoph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe protonation of certain triarylamines and two N‐arylcarbazoles with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid yields, besides of N‐protonated species with ammonium salt structure, C‐substituted iminium salts with a cylohexa‐1,2‐ or 1,4‐diene structure also. The last mentioned compounds could be detected in some cases only by deuteration experiments. Whereas the C‐substituted iminium salts are formed with triphenylamine and 1‐(N,N‐diphenyl)in a very low extent, they are formed with other naphthylamine and carbazole derivates in higher yields. In accordance with this finding, all per‐aryl substituted amines studied could be transformed by reaction with deuterated trifluormethanesulfonic acid into C‐deuterated species with different deuterium content.
Shear force demand for headed stud of composite plate shear walls‐concrete encased under cyclic loading
Authors: Wang Huafei , Gu Qiang , Qi Yi 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn composite plate shear walls‐concrete encased (C‐PSW/CE), the headed studs are used to anchor concrete panels on both sides of the infill steel plate and make them resist lateral load together. The finite element models of C‐PSW/CE are developed and validated by testing three C‐PSW/CE specimens under cyclic loading. The responses of the components in C‐PSW/CE under cyclic loading are simulated by finite element method. The effects of the number of headed studs, stud diameter, concrete panel thickness, infill steel plate thickness, and wall aspect ratio on the shear force of headed studs are studied. The equation is proposed to evaluate the shear force demand of headed studs in C‐PSW/CE under cyclic loading using the numerical results. The shear force demand of headed studs increases with decreasing the number of headed studs and wall aspect ratio, increasing the stud diameter, and increasing the thicknesses of concrete panel and infill steel plate. Compared with the shear force demand of headed studs in C‐PSW/CE under monotonic loading, it is recommended that the shear force demand of headed studs in design of C‐PSW/CE in high seismic regions adopts the larger of shear force demands of headed studs under monotonic and cyclic loadings.
Neutrophilic leucocytosis induced by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐6 in canine primary lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tamura Kei , Ishigaki Kumiko , Iizuka Keigo , Nagumo Takahiro , Yoshida Orie , Asano Kazushi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophilic leucocytosis as a paraneoplastic syndrome may occur in dogs with lymphoma, renal carcinoma, rectal polyps and metastatic fibrosarcoma. However, the information on canine lung adenocarcinoma with neutrophilic leucocytosis is lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the clinical features and cytokine profiles of canine patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma and neutrophilic leucocytosis.MethodsTwo dogs (cases #1 and #2), each with a solitary lung adenocarcinoma, were included. Both cases had leucocytosis and underwent lung lobectomy. The resected tumours were analysed for the expression of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and interleukin‐6 (IL6) by quantitative real‐time PCR compared with normal lung tissues.ResultsAt the initial examination, neither patient had any clinical signs or fever. White blood cell count (WBC) was 58,300/μl and 32,900/μl in cases #1 and #2, respectively. The gene expression ofG‐CSFincreased 6.7‐and 19.7‐fold in cases #1 and #2, respectively. The gene expression ofIL6markedly increased (30‐fold) in case #1, whereas it increased slightly (1.9‐fold) in case #2. On the other hand, that ofGM‐CSFwas slightly changed in both cases. The WBC count postoperatively decreased to within the normal range in both cases. The postoperative survival times were 347 and 118 days in cases #1 and #2, respectively.ConclusionsThis study describes G‐CSF and IL6 producing lung adenocarcinoma associated with neutrophilic leucocytosis in dogs. Canine patients with pulmonary adenocarcinomas that have elevatedG‐CSFandIL6levels may have a guarded prognosis. Further investigations are needed to clarify the prognosis of canine cytokine‐producing lung adenocarcinoma.
Half antiperovskites VII – DFT modelling of shandites that are isoelectronic to Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Marx Clara , Endriss Jan , Klopfer Maxi , Reichel Werner , Strakos Christian , Weihrich Richard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur discovery of half metal ferromagnetic (HFM) properties on shandite type Co3Sn2S2=Sn2Co3S2 about 20 years ago by DFT calculations opened the gate for fascinating discoveries like giant anomalous Hall effect and Weyl semimetal characteristics. Thereby, interest arose on electronic and magnetic structure effects upon substitution of M=Co and A=Sn sites in and between Co Kagomé layers. Non isoelectronic substitution to A=In or M=Ni causes a decay of magnetic properties to semiconducting diamagnetic InSnCo3S2 or paramagnetic semi metal Ni3Sn2S2. The present study addresses simultanious substitutions on both A and M sites to novel isoelectronic compounds of Co3Sn2S2. Therefore, DFT calculations were performed on model structures MM'2AA'X2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni; A=In, Sn, Sb; X=S). By the given approach, target compositions are identified that are interesting for future investigations and discoveries.
Perturbative F-theory 10-brane and M-theory 5-brane
Authors: Hatsuda Machiko , Siegel Warren 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The exceptional symmetry is realized perturbatively in F-theory which is the manifest U-duality theory. The SO(5) U-duality symmetry acts on both the 16 space-time coordinates and the 10 worldvolume coordinates. Closure of the Virasoro algebra requires the Gauss law constraints on the worldvolume. This set of current algebras describes a F-theory 10-brane. The SO(5) duality symmetry is enlarged to the SO(6) symmetry in the Lagrangian formulation. We propose actions of the F-theory 10-brane with SO(5) and SO(6) symmetries. The gauge fields of the latter action are coset elements of SO(6)/SO(6; ℂ) which include both the SO(5)/SO(5; ℂ) spacetime backgrounds and the worldvolume backgrounds. The SO(5) current algebra obtained from the Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin M5-brane Lagrangian leads to the theory behind M-theory, namely F-theory. We also propose an action of the perturbative M-theory 5-brane obtained by sectioning the worldvolume of the F-theory 10-brane.
Spectral action and the electroweak θ-terms for the Standard Model without fermion doubling
Authors: Bochniak A. , Sitarz A. , Zalecki P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We compute the leading terms of the spectral action for a noncommutative geometry model that has no fermion doubling. The spectral triple describing it, which is chiral and allows for CP-symmetry breaking, has the Dirac operator that is not of the product type. Using Wick rotation we derive explicitly the Lagrangian of the model from the spectral action for a flat metric, demonstrating the appearance of the topological θ-terms for the electroweak gauge fields.
A gravitational action with stringy Q and R fluxes via deformed differential graded Poisson algebras
Authors: Boffo Eugenia , Schupp Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study a deformation of a 2-graded Poisson algebra where the functions of the phase space variables are complemented by linear functions of parity odd velocities. The deformation is carried by a 2-formB-field and a bivector Π, that we consider as gauge fields of the geometric and non-geometric fluxesH,f,QandRarising in the context of string theory compactification. The technique used to deform the Poisson brackets is widely known for the point particle interacting with a U(1) gauge field, but not in the case of non-abelian or higher spin fields. The construction is closely related to Generalized Geometry: with an element of the algebra that squares to zero, the graded symplectic picture is equivalent to an exact Courant algebroid over the generalized tangent bundleE≅TM⊕T∗M, and to its higher gauge theory. A particular idempotent graded canonical transformation is equivalent to the generalized metric. Focusing on the generalized differential geometry side we construct an action functional with the Ricci tensor of a connection on covectors, encoding the dynamics of a gravitational theory for a contravariant metric tensor andQandRfluxes. We also extract a connection on vector fields and determine a non-symmetric metric gravity theory involving a metric andH-flux.
D-branes in AdS3 × S3 × 𝕋4 at k = 1 and their holographic duals
Authors: Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Knighton Bob , Vošmera Jakub 
Published: December 2021

AbstractString theory on AdS3×S3×𝕋4with minimalk= 1 NS-NS flux can be described in terms of a free field worldsheet theory in the hybrid formalism. We construct various D-branes of this string theory and calculate their associated cylinder amplitudes. We find that these amplitudes match with the cylinder correlators of certain boundary states of the dual symmetric orbifold CFT Sym(𝕋4), thus suggesting a direct correspondence between these boundary conditions. We also show that the disk amplitudes of these D-branes localise to those points in the worldsheet moduli space where the worldsheet disk holomorphically covers the spacetime disk.
De Sitter decays to infinity
Authors: Draper Patrick , Garcia Isabel Garcia , Lillard Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bubbles of nothing are a class of vacuum decay processes present in some theories with compactified extra dimensions. We investigate the existence and properties of bubbles of nothing in models where the scalar pseudomoduli controlling the size of the extra dimensions are stabilized at positive vacuum energy, which is a necessary feature of any realistic model. We map the construction of bubbles of nothing to a four-dimensional Coleman-De Luccia problem and establish necessary conditions on the asymptotic behavior of the scalar potential for the existence of suitable solutions. We perform detailed analyses in the context of five-dimensional theories with metastable dS4× S1 vacua, using analytic approximations and numerical methods to calculate the decay rate. We find that bubbles of nothing sometimes exist in potentials with no ordinary Coleman-De Luccia decay process, and that in the examples we study, when both processes exist, the bubble of nothing decay rate is typically faster. Our methods can be generalized to other stabilizing potentials and internal manifolds.
TRP channel expression correlates with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and high-risk endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Van den Eynde Charlotte , De Clercq Katrien , Van Bree Rieta , Luyten Katrien , Annibali Daniela , Amant Frédéric , Han Sileny , Van Nieuwenhuysen Els , Baert Thaïs , Peeraer Karen , Voets Thomas , Van Gorp Toon , Vriens Joris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels excel in cellular sensing as they allow rapid ion influx across the plasma membrane in response to a variety of extracellular cues. Recently, a distinct TRP mRNA expression signature was observed in stromal cells (ESC) and epithelial cells (EEC) of the endometrium, a tissue in which cell phenotypic plasticity is essential for normal functioning. However, it is unknown whether TRP channel mRNA expression is subject to the phenotypic switching that occurs during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), and whether TRP channel mRNA expression is associated with aggressive phenotypes in endometrial cancer (EC). Here, we induced EMT and MET in vitro using in primary EEC and ESC, respectively, and analyzed expression and functionality of TRP channels using RT-qPCR and intracellular Ca2+imaging. The outcome of these experiments showed a strong association between TRPV2 and TRPC1 mRNA expression and the mesenchymal phenotype, whereas TRPM4 mRNA expression correlated with the epithelial phenotype. In line herewith, increased TRPV2 and TRPC1 mRNA expression levels were observed in both primary and metastatic EC biopsies and in primary EC cells with a high EMT status, indicating an association with an aggressive tumor phenotype. Remarkably, TRPV2 mRNA expression in primary EC biopsies was associated with tumor invasiveness and cancer stage. In contrast, increased TRPM4 mRNA expression was observed in EC biopsies with a low EMT status and less aggressive tumor phenotypes. Taken together, this dataset proved for the first time that TRP channel mRNA expression is strongly linked to cellular phenotypes of the endometrium, and that phenotypic transitions caused by either experimental manipulation or malignancy could alter this expression in a predictable manner. These results implicate that TRP channels are viable biomarkers to identify high-risk EC, and potential targets for EC treatment.
FUS driven circCNOT6L biogenesis in mouse and human spermatozoa supports zygote development
Authors: Chioccarelli Teresa , Falco Geppino , Cappetta Donato , De Angelis Antonella , Roberto Luca , Addeo Martina , Ragusa Marco , Barbagallo Davide , Berrino Liberato , Purrello Michele , Ambrosino Concetta , Cobellis Gilda , Pierantoni Riccardo , Chianese Rosanna , Manfrevola Francesco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCircular RNA (circRNA) biogenesis requires a backsplicing reaction, promoted by inverted repeats in cis-flanking sequences and trans factors, such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Among these, FUS plays a key role. During spermatogenesis and sperm maturation along the epididymis such a molecular mechanism has been poorly explored. With this in mind, we chose circCNOT6L as a study case and wild-type (WT) as well as cannabinoid receptor type-1 knock-out (Cb1−/−) male mice as animal models to analyze backsplicing mechanisms. Our results suggest that spermatozoa (SPZ) have an endogenous skill to circularize mRNAs, choosing FUS as modulator of backsplicing and under CB1 stimulation. A physical interaction between FUS and CNOT6L as well as a cooperation among FUS, RNA Polymerase II (RNApol2) and Quaking (QKI) take place in SPZ. Finally, to gain insight into FUS involvement in circCNOT6L biogenesis, FUS expression was reduced through RNA interference approach. Paternal transmission of FUS and CNOT6L to oocytes during fertilization was then assessed by using murine unfertilized oocytes (NF), one-cell zygotes (F) and murine oocytes undergoing parthenogenetic activation (PA) to exclude a maternal contribution. The role of circCNOT6L as an active regulator of zygote transition toward the 2-cell-like state was suggested using the Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC) system. Intriguingly, human SPZ exactly mirror murine SPZ.