bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Does the Facilitation Effort of Clinical Educators Interact With Aspects of Organizational Context to Affect Research Use in Long‐term Care? Evidence From CHAID Analysis
Authors: Lo TKT , Boamah Sheila A. , Poss Jeffrey W. , Teare Gary F. , Norton Peter G. , Estabrooks Carole A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeOrganizational context influences the effect of facilitation efforts on research use in care settings. The interactions of these factors are complex. Therefore, the use of traditional statistical methods to examine their interrelationships is often impractical. Big Data analytics can automatically detect patterns within the data. We applied the chi‐squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) algorithm and classification tree technique to explore the dynamic and interdependent relationships between the implementation science concepts—context, facilitation, and research use.DesignObservational, cross‐sectional study based on survey data collected from a representative sample of nursing homes in western Canada.MethodsWe assessed three major constructs: (a) Conceptual research utilization (CRU) using the CRU scale; (b) facilitation of research use measured by the frequency of contacts between the frontline staff and a clinical educator, or person who brings new ideas to the care unit; and (c) organizational context at the unit level using the Alberta Context Tool (ACT). CHAID analysis was performed to detect the interactions between facilitation and context variables. Results were illustrated in a classification tree to provide a straightforward visualization.FindingsData from 312 care units in three provinces were included in the final analysis. Results indicate significant multiway interactions between facilitation and various aspects of the organizational context, including leadership, culture, evaluation, structural resources, and organizational slack (staffing). Findings suggested the preconditions of the care settings where research use can be maximized.ConclusionsCHAID analysis helped transform data into usable knowledge. Our findings provide insight into the dynamic relationships of facilitators’ efforts and organizational context, and how these factors’ interplay and their interdependence together may influence research use.Clinical relevanceKnowledge of the combined effects of facilitators’ efforts and various aspects of organizational context on research use can contribute to effective strategies to narrow the evidence‐practice gap in care settings.
Do advanced clinical practitioners have the theoretical knowledge to authorise blood components for transfusion? A cross sectional survey Study
Authors: Harvey Magda , Leary Alison 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate whether non‐medical authorisers of blood component transfusion, in a single centre working at an advanced level, have the theoretical knowledge to potentially undertake this task safely.BackgroundAuthorisation of blood components for transfusion has predominantly been a medical role in the United Kingdom. Advanced Clinical Practitioners (ACP) are increasingly undertaking this role in order to maintain timely transfusion care.DesignA cross sectional study design was utilised for this study which was conducted between 05th March 2018 and the 4th of April 2018.MethodsA total of 81 participants (49 medical authorisers and 32 Advanced Clinical Practitioners of which 21 were nurses and 11 were Allied Healthcare Professionals) working in a single centre completed the BEST‐TEST, a previously validated knowledge assessment tool (Transfusion, 54, 2014, 1225). This study’s methods were compliant with the STROBE Checklist.ResultsThe overall mean was 8.74 out of a possible 20 questions. Doctors scored higher within the basic science domain compared to Advanced Clinical Practitioners (p = .01). This study found the method of training received by its participants was statistically significant with those receiving formal training scoring more than those who had received on the job training from their colleagues (p = .02). When all specialities were compared for differences with the mean correct scores a statistically significant difference was found (p = .01).ConclusionThis study demonstrates there is no statistically significant difference in transfusion medicine knowledge between professional subgroups working in a single centre. Furthermore, there is deficits in the knowledge of all subgroups.Relevance to clinical practiceWith advanced practice roles expanding, it is essential that we realise their full potential. There is no current research examining knowledge of ACPs, who could potentially authorise blood components for transfusion, but there are some clear benefits for clinical practice such as providing safe, timely and patient centred care.
Increased α‐tocopherol metabolism in horses with equine neuroaxonal dystrophy
Authors: Hales Erin N. , Habib Hadi , Favro Gianna , Katzman Scott , Sakai R. Russell , Marquardt Sabin , Bordbari Matthew H. , Ming‐Whitfield Brittni , Peterson Janel , Dahlgren Anna R. , Rivas Victor , Ramirez Carolina Alanis , Peng Sichong , Donnelly Callum G. , Dizmang Bobbi‐Sue , Kallenberg Angelica , Grahn Robert , Miller Andrew D. , Woolard Kevin , Moeller Benjamin , Puschner Birgit , Finno Carrie J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEquine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder associated with a vitamin E deficiency within the first year of life. Vitamin E consists of 8 isoforms metabolized by the CYP4F2 enzyme. No antemortem diagnostic test currently exists for eNAD/EDM.Hypothesis/ObjectivesBased on the association of α‐tocopherol deficiency with the development of eNAD/EDM, we hypothesized that the rate of α‐tocopherol, but not γ‐tocopherol or tocotrienol metabolism, would be increased in eNAD/EDM‐affected horses.AnimalsVitamin E metabolism: Proof of concept (POC) study; eNAD/EDM‐affected (n = 5) and control (n = 6) horses. Validation study: eNAD/EDM‐affected Quarter Horses (QHs; n = 6), cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy affected (n = 6) horses and control (n = 29) horses.CYP4F2expression and copy number: eNAD/EDM‐affected (n = 12) and age‐ and sex‐matched control (n = 11‐12) horses.MethodsThe rates of α‐tocopherol/tocotrienol and γ‐tocopherol/tocotrienol metabolism were assessed in equine serum (POC and validation) and urine (POC only) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Quantitative reverse‐transcriptase PCR (qRT‐PCR) and droplet digital (dd)‐PCR were used to assay expression and genomic copy number of aCYP4F2equine ortholog.ResultsMetabolic rate of α‐tocopherol was increased in eNAD/EDM horses (POC,P < .0001; validation,P = .03), with no difference in the metabolic rate of γ‐tocopherol. Horses with eNAD/EDM had increased expression of theCYP4F2equine orthologue (P = .02) but no differences in copy number.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncreased α‐tocopherol metabolism in eNAD/EDM‐affected QHs provides novel insight into alterations in vitamin E processing in eNAD/EDM and highlights the need for high‐dose supplementation to prevent the clinical phenotype in genetically susceptible horses.
Oral pharmacokinetic profile of fipronil and efficacy against flea and tick in dogs
Authors: dos Santos Gabriela Carmelinda Martins , Scott Fabio Barbour , Campos Diefrey Ribeiro , Magalhães Viviane de Sousa , Borges Debora Azevedo , Miranda Fernando Rocha , Alves Melina Cardilo Campos , Pereira Geraldo Augusto , Moreira Leandra Oliveira , Lima Emily Andressa Santos , Rocha Marisa Beatriz da Silva , Cid Yara Peluso 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFipronil (FIP) is an ectoparasiticide of the phenylpyrazole class, used in veterinary medicine in topical form. Supported by evidence of uncontrolled human exposure to FIP and environmental damage caused by commercially available formulations, its use by oral administration has become promising. The effectiveness of FIP against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis and the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its pharmacokinetics and main active metabolite, fipronil sulfone (SULF) were evaluated after single oral administration of tablets in three different doses (2, 4, and 6 mg/kg) in dogs. Through the plasma concentration curves, it was possible to observe that the FIP showed rapid absorption and metabolization and slow elimination. The values of Cmax (β = 0.7653) and AUC0‐t (β = 0.3209) did not increase proportionally with increasing dose. At 48 h after treatment, doses of 4 mg/kg (AUC0−t = 442.39 ± 137.35 µg/ml*h) and 6 mg/kg (AUC0−t = 421.32 ± 102.84 µg/ml*h) provided 100% and 99% efficacy against fleas, and 95% and 98% against ticks, respectively. The estimated EC90 of FIP +SULF was 1.30 µg/ml against C. felis felis and 2.16 µg/ml against R. sanguineus. The correlation between the FIP pharmacokinetic and efficacy data demonstrated its potential for oral administration in the form of tablets for the control of ectoparasites in dogs, as a safer alternative for animals, humans, and the environment, aligned with the One Health concept.
Evidence from phosphorus X‐ray mapping for a multistep process in the formation of olivine phenocrysts in FeO‐rich porphyritic chondrules
Authors: Rubin Alan E. , Baecker Bastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhosphorus X‐ray maps of olivine phenocrysts in many type II (FeO‐rich) porphyritic chondrules in LL3.00 Semarkona and CO3.05 Y 81020 reveal multiple sets of thin dark/bright (P‐poor/P‐rich) layers that resemble oscillatory zoning. Such discrete layers are generally not evident in BSE images or in Fe, Cr, Ca, Al, Mg, or Mn X‐ray maps because rapid diffusion of these cations in olivine at high temperatures smoothed out their initial distributions, thereby mimicking normal igneous zoning. In contrast, the relatively slow diffusion of P in olivine preserves original dendritic or hopper morphologies of olivine crystals; these skeletal structures formed during quenching after initial chondrule melting. The skeletal olivine crystals were filled in with low‐P olivine during cooling after one or more subsequent heating events, mainly involving the melting of mesostasis. Crystallization of mafic silicates depleted the mesostasis in FeO and MgO and enriched it in silico‐feldspathic components. Sectioning of the olivine grains at particular orientations can produce apparent oscillatory zoning in P. Strong evidence of a secondary melting event is evident in Semarkona chondrule H5k. Phenocryst H5k‐2 in this chondrule has a relict core (with rhythmic P zoning layers) that was fractured and severed; it is overlain by a set of differently oriented subparallel P‐poor olivine layers. Chondrule C6f from Y 81020 contains a large multi‐lobed olivine phenocryst that still preserves hopper cavities, partially outlined by P‐poor/P‐rich olivine layers. The thin P‐rich rims surrounding many olivine phenocrysts could reflect a short period of rapid grain growth after a late‐stage chondrule reheating event.
Balthasar Beyond European Modernity: Re‐Thinking Herrlichkeit Through Its Precursors
Authors: Carpenter Anne M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article aims at understanding Balthasar in such a way that leads him beyond himself, especially when it comes to Balthasar’s grasp of the relationship of his work to Europe and to European modernity. The danger of Balthasar’s theological aesthetics is not that it ends up being “all too” Mediterranean but that it risks succumbing to Eurocentrism. This article posits that the Balthasarian standpoint is open—in its own terms, by its own logic—to a standpoint other than Europe. That Balthasar can be opened out into a confrontation with colonial modernity is demonstrated not by placing him in direct contact with post‐ or de‐colonial thought but by re‐examining his contention that the Christ‐form cannot be identified with any particular aesthetic form. That the Christ‐form is not identical with any particular aesthetic form leaves open the possibility of something other than Eurocentrism within a thoroughgoing theological aesthetic.
The relationship between common foot problems with falls and quality of life in older people
Authors: Jalali Maryam , Mojgani Parviz , Saeedi Hassan , Azadinia Fatemeh , Niksolat Maryam , Ghorbani Faezeh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between a number of prevalent foot problems in older people and their history of falls and quality of life. To examine the relationship between timed up and go (TUG) test time and ankle muscles’ strength.MethodIn this cross‐sectional observational study on a convenient sample of 350 people 65 years and older, direct logistic and hierarchical regressions were used to assess the relation of self‐reported falls and quality of life with hallux valgus, oedema, sensory loss and callus. The correlation coefficients were calculated to measure the relationship between TUG test time and ankle muscle strength.ResultsModerate negative correlations were measured between ankle muscles’ strength and TUG time (rDorsiflexors = −0.42 p = 0.000, rPlantar flexors = −0.45 p = 0.000). The odds ratio extracted from logistic regression for foot pain was 3.05 (p = 0.000, 95% CI: 1.8–5.1). The results of the hierarchical regression showed that oedema had the highest contribution to depicting the quality of life (standardised B = −0.22, p = 0.001), followed by foot pain (beta = −0.178, p = 0.004) and plantar sensory loss (beta = −0.143, p = 0.019).ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the importance of foot problems in older people. Foot pain showed relationship with self‐reported fall experience. Oedema and foot pain had negative impact on quality of life. Ankle muscles’ strength may affect balance in older people. However, because of the small effects sizes and wide confidence intervals, the results should be interpreted cautiously.
Cognitive Instrumentalism about Mental Representations
Authors: Taylor Samuel D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRepresentationalists and anti‐representationalists disagree about whether a naturalisation of mental content is possible and, hence, whether positing mental representations in cognitive science is justified. Here, I develop a novel way to think about mental representations based on a philosophical description of (cognitive) science inspired by cognitive instrumentalism. On this view, our acceptance of theories positing mental representations and our beliefs in (something like) mental representations do not depend on the naturalisation of content. Thus, I conclude that if we endorse cognitive instrumentalism about mental representations, then we can finally leave the dispute between representationalism and anti‐representationalism behind.
Empathy, compassion, and theory of mind in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Salazar Kämpf Maike , Kanske Philipp , Kleiman Alexandra , Haberkamp Anke , Glombiewski Julia , Exner Cornelia 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesIndividuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) often suffer from impairments in social functioning. This study investigates differences in empathy, compassion, and Theory of Mind (ToM) in individuals with OCD as a possible cause for social functioning deficits.DesignSixty‐four individuals diagnosed with OCD and 62 healthy individuals completed a naturalistic behavioural task (EmpaToM) and a self‐report measure (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI).MethodsThree preregistered repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs).ResultsPeople with OCD exhibited higher empathy levels – namely increased sharing of others’ suffering – in the EmpaToM task and reported more distress (IRI) compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, no differences in compassion (EmpaToM) between both groups emerged, although people with OCD reported more concern for others (IRI) compared with healthy individuals. Concerning the ToM, no group differences were detected, neither in the behavioural task, nor self‐report.ConclusionBy investigating OCD with diverse scientific practices we shed light on the higher levels of empathy exhibited by individuals with OCD, which are relevant for clinical practice and our understanding of OCD symptomatology.Practitioner Points

People with obsessive‐compulsive disorder show higher levels of empathy, that is the increased sharing of others’ suffering, compared with healthy individuals in both a traditional self‐report and a naturalistic task.

Regarding compassion, that is caring for others, their self‐reported compassion was higher in people with OCD.

In Theory of Mind, that is cognitively understanding the situation of another person, no differences have been found neither at self‐report nor in a naturalistic task compared with healthy individuals.

Independent of traditional interventions, it could prove useful to improve emotion regulation skills so people with OCD learn to cope with empathic distress. Furthermore, it might strengthen the treatment gains and lower dropout rates if the social mind and consequently social relationships become a topic in the treatment and prevention of OCD.
Targeting redox metabolism of the maize‐Azospirillum brasilense interaction exposed to arsenic‐affected groundwater
Authors: Peralta Juan Manuel , Bianucci Eliana , Romero‐Puertas María C. , Furlan Ana , Castro Stella , Travaglia Claudia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArsenic in groundwater constitutes an agronomic problem due to its potential accumulation in the food chain. Among the agro‐sustainable tools to reduce metal(oid)s toxicity, the use of plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) becomes important. For that, and based on previous results in which significant differences of As translocation were observed when inoculating maize plants with Az39 or CD Azospirillum strains, we decided to decipher the redox metabolism changes and the antioxidant system response of maize plants inoculated when exposed to a realistic arsenate (AsV) dose. Results showed that AsV caused morphological changes in the root exodermis. Photosynthetic pigments decreased only in CD inoculated plants, while oxidative stress evidence was detected throughout the plant, regardless of the assayed strain. The antioxidant response was strain‐differential since only CD inoculated plants showed an increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities while other enzymes showed the same behavior irrespective of the inoculated strain. Gene expression assays reported that only GST23 transcript level was upregulated by arsenate, regardless of the inoculated strain. AsV diminished the glutathione (GSH) content of roots inoculated with the Az39 strain, and CD inoculated plants showed a decrease of oxidized GSH (GSSG) levels. We suggest a model in which the antioxidant response of the maize‐diazotrophs system is modulated by the strain and that GSH plays a central role acting mainly as a substrate for GST. These findings generate knowledge for a suitable PGPB selection, and its scaling to an effective bioinoculant formulation for maize crops exposed to adverse environmental conditions.
Ethnoracial Diversity and Segregation in U.S. Rural School Districts*
Authors: Kebede Maraki , Maselli Annie , Taylor Kendra , Frankenberg Erica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ethnoracial diversification of rural America is gaining more attention in scholarly and policy circles, but its impact on rural school districts is often overlooked. We use federal data sources to explore the magnitude and structure of rural ethnoracial diversity and to analyze variation in how U.S. rural school district demographics have changed nationally from 2000 to 2019. Employing a majority rule typology, we classify more than 5,000 school districts according to their ethnoracial structure. Our findings illustrate that rising Hispanic enrollment is a central element of changing rural public school student demographics nationwide. Since 2000, rural school districts have become more ethnoracially diverse, and rural students of most ethnicities/races have become less ethnoracially isolated. However, despite demographic changes resulting in more diversified district enrollments overall, segregation within rural districts persists. Furthermore, White enrollment in rural district types with the fewest White students declined twice as much as in the rural district types with the highest share of White students. Together, these patterns suggest how school segregation and opportunity hoarding can persist despite growth in districts’ ethnoracial diversity.
Dark Matter and Collider Searches in $$S_3$$-Symmetric 2HDM with Vector Like Lepton
Authors: Chakraborty Indrani , Ghosh Dilip Kumar , Ghosh Nivedita , Rai Santosh Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the $$S_3$$

S
3

-symmetric two Higgs doublet model by adding two generations of vector like leptons (VLL) which are odd under a discrete $$Z_2$$

Z
2

-symmetry. The lightest neutral component of the VLL acts as a dark matter (DM) whereas the full VLL set belongs to a dark sector with no mixings allowed with the standard model fermions. We analyse the model in light of dark matter and collider searches. We show that the DM is compatible with the current relic density data as well as satisfying all direct and indirect dark matter search constraints. We choose some representative points in the model parameter space allowed by all aforementioned dark matter constraints and present a detailed collider analysis of multi-lepton signals viz. the mono-lepton, di-lepton, tri-lepton and four-lepton along with missing transverse energy in the final state using both the cut-based analysis and multivariate analysis respectively at the high luminosity 14 TeV LHC run.
Velocity effect on the stimulated transition process of a multilevel atom in a thermal bath
Authors: Cai Huabing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the stimulated transition process of a uniformly moving atom in interaction with a thermal bath of the quantum electromagnetic field. Using the perturbation theory, the atomic stimulated emission and absorption rates are calculated. The results indicate that the atomic transition rates depend crucially on the atomic velocity, the temperature of the thermal bath, and the atomic polarizability. As these factors change, the atomic stimulated transition processes can be enhanced or weakened at different degrees. In particular, slowly moving atoms in the thermal bath with high temperature ($$T\gg \omega _{0}$$

T
≫

ω
0

) perceive a smaller effective temperature $$T \big ( 1-\frac{1}{10} v^{2} \big )$$

T

(

1
-

1
10

v
2

)

for the polarizability perpendicular to the atomic velocity or $$T \big ( 1-\frac{3}{10} v^{2} \big )$$

T

(

1
-

3
10

v
2

)

for the polarizability parallel to the atomic velocity. However, ultra-relativistic atoms perceive no influence of the background thermal bath. In turn, in terms of the atomic transition rates, this paper explores and examines the relativity of temperature of the quantum electromagnetic field.
Decaying vacuum and evolution from early inflation to late acceleration
Authors: Sarath N. , Mathew Titus K. 
Published: July 2021

Decaying vacuum models are a class of models that incorporate a time-dependent vacuum energy density that can explain the entire evolution of the universe in a unified framework. A general solution to the Friedmann equation is obtained by considering vacuum energy density as a function of the Hubble parameter. We have obtained the asymptotic solution by choosing the equation of state for matter, [Formula: see text] and radiation, [Formula: see text]. Finite boundaries in the early and late de Sitter epoch are defined by considering the evolution of primordial perturbation wavelength. An epoch invariant number [Formula: see text] determines the number of primordial perturbation modes that cross the Hubble radius during each epoch.