bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Financial Imbalances that Brought Down GDP: An Empirical Investigation of the 2008 Economic Crisis
Authors: Kytömaa Lauri V. 
Published: April 2021

This presentation focuses on the research I worked on for my 4th year seminar paper in economics.
I analyzed the world’s largest economies to assess what factors explain the slowing growth of gross domestic product following the 2008 crisis. The specific factors I examined are: (i) credit growth; (ii) housing price growth; (iii) equity price growth; (iv) banking supervision; and (v) sovereign debt. The results suggest a negative and statistically significant effect for credit growth on post-2008 GDP growth rates. Sovereign debt also shows to have a weak negative effect on GDP growth rates following the 2008 crisis. The results for the other factors prove inconclusive and require additional research and a larger sample size to provide a more persuasive argument. The presentation will spend the majority of the time justifying why these factors may have been important in the investigation of the slowed gross domestic product. After these factors have been adequately explained the presentation will discuss the findings of my statistical work and what these results imply and contribute to economic theory.
Self-Verification and Self-Enhancement in Newly Formed Multicultural Groups
Authors: De Souza Nicola 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine when self-verification (the motivation to confirm one’s self-concept) and self-enhancement (the motivation to be viewed in a positive light) occur in newly formed multicultural groups. Many suggest that enhancement is a prepotent motive to verification (Sedikides & Gregg, 2008; Sedikides, 1993), but when verification occurs, it results in greater group performance, trust, and group identification in diverse groups (Polzer, Milton, & Swann, 2002). Research on intimate relationships has shown that factors such as relationship length, as well as levels of future certainty, commitment, and evaluation can influence preferences for enhancing versus verifying feedback (Swann, De La Ronde, & Hixon, 1994; Campbell, Laackenbauer, & Muise, 2006). Based on this research, I predict that groups with a certain future, high commitment, and low evaluation, which I will designate as the “married” groups, will demonstrate higher self-verification than will groups with an uncertain future, low commitment, and high evaluation, designated as “dating” groups. These “dating” groups will demonstrate higher enhancement compared to the “married” groups. As well, as a result of greater cultural verification, the “married” groups will exhibit greater cultural mosaic beliefs (emergence of diverse cultural perspectives and better overall group performance) about their group as well as higher levels of trust, group identification, and group commitment, relative to the “dating” group. The “married” groups will also demonstrate higher performance than the “dating” groups on tasks assessing creativity and accuracy.
PENYULUHAN HUKUM TENTANG PELUANG DAN ANCAMAN BAGI KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI ONLINE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Bidari Ashinta Sekar 
Published: April 2021

This legal education aims to educate the public regarding the development of online business in Indonesia. An online business called E-Commerce Transactions arose because of rapid technological developments. The impact on society is to change the pattern of society acting as consumers both in meeting the needs of goods and services using internet media (online). Unwittingly these impacts can be opportunities and threats for the community. Opportunities that arise can provide convenience and practicality in shopping. However, behind the convenience, there is also a threat to consumers experiencing losses, defaults and fraud from online businesses. Therefore, consumer protection really needs to be created not only with accommodating legal rules but supported by self-awareness of consumers to be selective and careful in conducting online transactions.Keywords: online transactions, consumers, opportunities, threats AbstrakPenyuluhan hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi bagi masyarakat terkait perkembangan bisnis online di Indonesia. Bisnis online yang disebut dengan Transaksi E-Commerce muncul karena perkembangan teknologi yang pesat. Dampaknya bagi masyarakat adalah merubah pola masyarakat bertindak sebagai konsumen baik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan barang dan jasa menggunakan media internet (online). Tanpa disadari dampak yang muncul tersebut dapat berupa peluang serta ancaman bagi masyarakat. Peluang yang muncul dapat memberikan kemudahan dan kepraktisan dalam berbelanja. Akan tetapi dibalik kemudahan itu, juga muncul ancaman bagi konsumen mengalami kerugian, wanprestasi serta penipuan dari pelaku usaha online. Oleh karena itu, perlindungan konsumen sangat perlu diciptakan tidak hanya dengan aturan hukum yang mengakomodir tetapi didukung dengan kesadaran diri dari konsumen untuk selektif dan hati-hati dalam melakukan transaksi online.Kata kunci : Transaksi online, Konsumen, Peluang, Ancaman
Tiktok Terhadap Variasi Bahasa Kolokial pada Kalangan Remaja Indonesia (kajian Etonolinguistik)
Authors: Andriyana Andriyana , Iswatiningsih Daroe , Mahmud Jenal , Yulianti Ode Evi , Trang Ton Thi Thuy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK: Pada saat ini para remaja tidak dapat dilepaskan dari teknologi dan media sosial menjadi wadahnya. Di antaranya, Tiktok saat ini sangat gemari kalangan remaja, karena media sosial ini adalah tempat untuk mereka mengekspresikan dirinya dan juga sebagai tempat untuk berkomunikasi. Terdapat variasi atau ragam bahasa yang ada dalam menggunakan media sosial Tiktok. Keragaman tersebut hadir karena beberapa faktor - faktor sosial dan faktor situasi yang menyebabkan variasi bahasa dalam bermedia sosial Tiktok semakin beragam saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah analisis pengaruh Tiktok Terhadap Variasi Bahasa Kolokial pada remaja dan teman sejawat. Masalah yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah "Bagaimana pengaruh tiktok pada bahasa kolokial remaja?" dan objek kajian adalah siswa SMA 1 Kejayan Jawa Timur dan Mahasiswa Universitas Kuningan Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah varasi bahasa Kolokial yang ditemukan dalam dalam media sosial Tiktok: Anomatope, Pronomina dan Kalimat.KATA KUNCI: sosiolinguistik; variasi bahasa; variasi bahasa kolikial; aplikasi tiktokTiktok Against Colloquial Language Variation among Indonesian Adolescents (Ethnolinguistic Study) ABSTRACT: Nowadays young people cannot be separated from technology and social media. One of the social media platforms that has a major influence on Indonesian teenagers is Tiktok which is currently very popular with young people because this is a place for them to express themselves and also a place to interact with others. There are variants of the existing language and a new language formed when using Tiktok. This linguistic diversity occurs due to a number of social and situational factors that make the language variation on the social network - Tiktok more and more diverse. This research aims to analyze the influence of TikTok on colloquial change in adolescents and their peers. The problem posed in this study is "How does TikTok affect colloquial change among adolescents?" and the study subjects were third-class students on SMA 1 Kejayan East Java and students in Kuningan University, West Java. This research uses mixed methods research, namely quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results of this research are the colloquial variations found on the social network TikTok including onomatopoeia, pronouns, and sentences.KEYWORDS: sociolinguistics, language variation, daily language variation (colicial), TikTok application
Liposomal amphotericin B is more effective in polymorphic lesions of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
Authors: Moulik Srija , Sengupta Ritika , Ghosh Manab Kumar , Das Nilay Kanti , Saha Bibhuti , Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is thought to be the reservoir of infection for visceral leishmaniasis in South Asia. The development of strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of PKDL are important for the implementation of the visceral leishmaniasis elimination program.

Aims:
Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) has been an overwhelming success in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. However, the empirical three-week regimen of L-AMB proposed for PKDL was shown to be inadequate, especially in the macular variant. This study aimed to delineate response of the different variants of PKDL to L-AMB.

Methods:
Skin biopsies were collected from PKDL cases at disease presentation and upon completion of treatment with L-AMB. Parasite DNA was detected by Internal Transcribed Spacer-1 PCR (ITS-1 PCR) and quantified by amplification of parasite kDNA. CD68 + macrophages were estimated in tissue sections by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
Treatment with L-AMB decreased the parasite load by 97% in polymorphic cases but only by 45% in macular cases. The median parasite load (89965 vs 5445 parasites/μg of genomic DNA) as well as infiltration by CD68+ cells before treatment was much greater in the polymorphic cases.

Limitations:
Although monitoring of the parasite load for 12 months post-treatment would have been ideal, this was not possible owing to logistical issues as well as the invasive nature of biopsy collection procedure.

Conclusion:
A dramatic decrease in the parasite burden was noted in patients with polymorphic lesions. Although patients with macular disease also had a decrease in parasite burden, this was not as marked as in the polymorphic cases. There was also a significantly greater infiltration of CD68 + macrophages in polymorphic PKDL before therapy.
Angiotropic melanocytes: Possibly a distinctive finding in extra-facial acquired dermal melanocytosis
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Elhence Poonam 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Acquired dermal melanocytosis is a heterogenous group of hyperpigmented lesioins which predominantly involve the face.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to study the clinical presentation and histopathology of cases with extra-facial acquired dermal melanocytosis.

Methods:
Retrospective record analysis was performed between May 2016 to August 2019 to retrieve cases of extra-facial acquired dermal melanocytosis seen at the out-patient department of dermatology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur. Consecutive cases with histopathologically proven diagnosis of acquired dermal melanocytosis were included. Documentation of variation in clinical presentation and histopathologic findings was done in light of the existing literature.

Results:
Overall, four cases of extra-facial acquired dermal melanocyosis (female:male = 1:3) were seen during the study period. The lone case on head and neck involved the ear lobule and peri-auricular area. The other three cases had involvement of the hand. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of dermal melanocytosis but revealed peculiar findings of angiotropic melanocytes and dilated capillaries.

Limitations:
Small sample size and lack of comparison with perilesional normal skin were the limitations of this study.

Conclusion:
The findings of angiotropic melanocytes may be unique to extra-facial acquired dermal melanocytosis. This might indicate interaction between dermal melanocytes and capillary endothelial cells. This finding along with dermal capillary ectasia may indicate a possible role for vascular lasers in the management of these disorders.
Chemical Compositions in Modified Salinity Waterflooding of Carbonate Reservoirs -- Experiment
Authors: Yutkin Maxim , Radke Clayton J. , Patzek Tadeusz 
Published: April 2021

Modified or low-salinity waterflooding of carbonate oil reservoirs is of considerable economic interest because of potentially inexpensive incremental oilproduction. The injected modified brine changes the surface chemistry of the carbonate rock and crude oil interfaces and detaches some adhered crude oil.Composition design of the modified brine to enhance oil recovery is determined by labor-intensive trial-and-error laboratory corefloods. Unfortunately, limestone,which predominantly consists of aqueous-reactive calcium carbonate, alters injected brine composition by mineral dissolution/precipitation. Accordingly, the rock reactivityhinders rational design of the tailored brine to improve oil recovery. Previously, we presented a theoretical analysis of 1D, single-phase brine injection into calcium carbonate-rock that accounts for mineral dissolution, ionexchange, and dispersion (Yutkin et. al 2021). Here we present the results of single-phase waterflood-brine experiments that verify the theoretical framework. We show that concentration histories eluted from Indiana limestone cores possess features characteristic of fast calciumcarbonate dissolution, 2:1 ion exchange, and high dispersion. The injected brine reaches chemical equilibrium inside the porous rock even atinjection rates higher than 1000 ft/day. Ion exchange results in salinity waves observed experimentally, while high dispersion is responsible for longconcentration history tails. Using the verified theoretical framework, we briefly explore how these processes modify aqueous-phase composition during the injection of designer brines into a calcium-carbonate reservoir. Because of high salinity of the initial and injected brines, ion exchange affects injected concentrations only inhigh surface area carbonates/limestones, such as chalks. Calcium-carbonate dissolution only affects aqueous solution pH. The rock surface composition is affected by all processes.
THEOLINGUISTIC COMPONENTS IN SECULAR NOMINATIONS OF THE PECULIARITIES OF RUSSIAN MENTALITY AND RUSSIAN STATEHOOD
Authors: Волков Валерий Вячеславович , Волкова Наталья Васильевна , Гладилина Ирина Владимировна 
Published: April 2021

Предмет данной статьи - фрагмент русской языковой картины мира, отражающий те особенности национального менталитета россиян, которые находятся в тесной связи с особенностями России как уникальной цивилизации, многонационального и многоконфессионального государства. Авторы, основываясь на методах филологической герменевтики, констатируют историческую преемственность ценностей, с одной стороны, известных с XIX века под названиями православие, самодержавие, на родность , с другой стороны, фундаментальных ценностей современной российской государственности: память предков, суверенитет, патрио тизм и др.
The subject of this article is a fragment of the Russian linguistic picture of the world, reflecting the peculiarities of the national mentality of Russians, which are closely related to the features of Russia as a unique civilization, a multinational and multi-religious state. The authors, basing their research on the methods of philological hermeneutics, prove that there is historical continuity of values, on the one hand, known since the XIX century under the nominations of «orthodoxy», «autocracy», «nationality», and, on the other hand, the fundamental values of modern Russian statehood: «the memory of ancestors», «sovereignty», «patriotism», etc.
THE WORLD EXHIBITION IN PARIS (1900) IN THE PAGES OF THE RUSSIAN PRESS
Authors: Брызгалова Елена Николаевна , Иванова Ирина Евгеньевна 
Published: April 2021

Авторы обратились к российской прессе 1900 г. и проанализировали, как на страницах различных изданий была представлена Всемирная выставка (Париж, 1900). В статье использованы малоизвестные публикации в ряде российских журналов: «Огонёк», «Нива», «Мир искусства», «Вестник Европы» и др.
The authors turned to the Russian press in 1900 and analyzed how the World Exhibition (Paris, 1900) was presented in the pages of various publications. The article uses little-known publications in a number of Russian magazines: «Ogonyok», «Niva», «Mir Iskusstva», «Vestnik Evropy», etc.
POLYSEMY OF A LITERARY TEXT AS A VIOLATION OF THE «HORIZON OF EXPECTATION»
Authors: Красоткин Дмитрий Михайлович 
Published: April 2021

В данной статье рассматривается такая категория литературоведения, как «горизонт ожидания». Данный термин был введен в научный оборот Х.Р. Яуссом в рамках школы «рецептивной эстетики». Статья представляет собой попытку соотнести данную категорию с проблемой многозначности художественного текста. В статье демонстрируется зависимость понимания текста от определенного «горизонта ожидания». Многозначность рассматривается прежде всего как нарушение «горизонта ожидания».
This article examines such a category of literary criticism as the «horizon of expectation». This term was introduced into scientific use by H.R. Jauss within the framework of the school of «receptive aesthetics». The article is an attempt to correlate this category with the problem of polysemy of a literary text. The article demonstrates the dependence of the understanding of the text on a certain «horizon of expectation». Polysemy is considered primarily as a violation of the «horizon of expectation».
REFLEXITY, EXISTENCE, MEANINGFUL ORIENTATIONS AS CRITERIA FOR THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF A DOCTOR
Authors: Мурашова Лада Анатольевна 
Published: April 2021

Поэтапное формирование профессионально важных качеств специалиста обеспечивает ему определённый уровень профессионализма и эффективности профессиональной деятельности. В статье представлены результаты исследования рефлексивности, ответственности и эмоционального интеллекта у медиков на различных уровнях профессионализации. Результаты исследования подтверждают проблему несформированности этих предикторов в профессиональной деятельности.
The gradual formation of professionally important qualities of a specialist provides him with a certain level of professionalism and efficiency of professional activity. The article presents the results of a study of reflexivity, existence and life-meaning orientations in physicians at various levels of professionalization. The research results confirm the presence of certain problems in terms of the formation of these qualities.
RESEARCH OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF MEDICINE STUDENTS
Authors: Михайлюк Юлия Васильевна 
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию коммуникативной компетентности студентов различных медицинских специальностей как важной составляющей их будущей профессиональной деятельности. Представлены компоненты коммуникативной компетентности студентов-медиков, полученные с помощью иерархического агломеративного метода (древовидной кластеризации): личностно-оценочный, индивидуально- психологический, эмоционально-оценочный, коммуникативно- установочный и коммуникативно-инструментальный. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в процессе профессиональной подготовки студентов, в практической деятельности профессорско- преподавательского состава и психологов в системе социально- педагогической и психологической службы медицинских учреждений.
The article is devoted to the study of the communicative competence of students of various medical specialties as an important component of their future professional activities. Presents the components of the communicative competence of medical students obtained using the hierarchical agglomerative method (tree-like clustering): personality-evaluative, individual-psychological, emotional-evaluative, communicative-attitudinal and communicative-instrumental. The research results can be used in the process of professional training of students, in the practical activities of the teaching staff and psychologists in the system of social, pedagogical and psychological services of medical institutions.
TÜMELLER VE ÖZELLİKLER ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN REALİZM VE TROP KURAMLARI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YORGUN Faruk 
Published: April 2021

“Kar beyazdır” gibi bir önermede karın beyaz olduğunu neye dayanarak söyler ve karın beyaz olduğunu nasıl biliriz? Bu türden bir önermenin, yani karın neden beyaz olduğunun cevabı farklı kuramlarca farklı şekillerde verilmiştir. Örneğin realist kuramlar beyazlık diye bir tümelin var olduğunu iddia ederek cevap verirken, trop kuramlar karın beyaz olma özelliğine sahip olmasından daha doğru ifadeyle beyaz olma tropuna sahip olduğundan dolayı beyaz olarak tanımladığını iddia eder. Her iki kuramın cevaplarının arasındaki en temel ayrım, biri tümel diye bir şeyin varlığını kabul ederken (Realist kuramlar) bir diğeri karın beyaz olduğunu söylemek için bir tümele gerek olmadığını (Trop kuramları) kabul etmesidir.
Bunun yanında tümel ve özellik arasındaki ilişki de benzer bir şekilde sorunludur. Realist kuramlarda, hepsinde değil, özellik ve tümel aynı şey olarak kabul edilirken, nominalist kuramlarda tümel ve özelliklerin varlıkları dahi kabul edilmez. Bunun yanında trop kuramları, tümeli reddetmelerine rağmen özelliklerin olduğunu kabul eder.
Bu çalışmada tümel ve özellik arasındaki ilişki realist ve trop kuramlarının iddiaları bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Bu değerlendirmelerin nihayetinde nesneye ilişkin bilgimizin izahında trop kuramların neden başarılı oldukları açıklanacaktır.
CULTURAL IDENTITY IN BELOVED
Authors: ELÇİ Ayşegül 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyse the novel Beloved by Toni Morrison in terms of
cultural identity through post-colonial perspective. In Beloved which deals with
slavery in America in nineteenth century, by portraying a true history of a Black
slave mother, Morrison reflects the voice of voiceless, sufferers, and others who are
shut from any contentment in life. She represents bluntly the unpleasant experiences
of constructing identity in the shadow of racism. The novel illustrates the hardships
and pressure grieved by the slaves of a farm called Sweet Home in the period of the
Civil War focusing on the misery of Sethe's poor, depressed family. In this study, the
factors affecting African American identity and the process of constructing the cultural identity of African Americans are discussed through viewing the period`s
deep-seated developments.
The Introduction of Clinical Skills Assessment into the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE): A Description of USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS)
Authors: Hawkins Richard E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In June 2004, Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS) was introduced into the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). The purpose of USMLE Step 2 CS is to ensure successful candidates for licensure in the United States possess the clinical skills that are essential for safe and effective patient care. Ensuring high quality in such a large-scale, performance-based test requires meticulous attention to detail at multiple levels in preparing for implementation. These levels include: case and test development, standardized patient training, quality assurance, scoring and standard setting. The authors describe the efforts undertaken to ensure the examination provides for a fair assessment of individual examinee performance with regard to those fundamental patient-centered skills.