bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early career researchers' identity: A qualitative review
Authors: Mula Javier , Rodríguez Carmen Lucena , Domingo Segovia Jesús , Cruz‐González Cristina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, higher education has witnessed the development of a series of policies aimed at improving its quality. To this end, accountability measures have been promoted, which are having a major impact on academics. In addition, the precariousness of work in this professional sector is contributing to emphasise its consequences. In this context, early career researchers have become a highly vulnerable group, as the pretence of wanting to be part of the academic world is becoming an increasingly challenging purpose. This systematic review of the literature aims to collect and systematise the most relevant contributions on the impact that this situation has on the professional identity of young academics. To this end, a bibliographic search was carried out in four different databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center, Google Scholar), which yielded a total of 24 articles published in international journals. The results show how the political‐economic measures that currently surround higher education are contributing to the development of a new neoliberal academic subject characterised by a professional identity unconsciously subjected to the system's requirements. This identity is characterised by a prioritisation of research over teaching, by the development of unethical research practices and by their impact on health and social and family relations. Finally, the need for more studies in this line with other approaches (longitudinal) and with more general and varied samples is emphasised.
Use of telehealth to increase treatment access for prisoners with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Halder Abir , Li Vicky (Guizhi) , Sebastian Marilyn , Nazareth Saroja , Tuma Rhoda , Cheng Wendy , Doyle Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrisons remain a priority population in the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) in Australia. To improve treatment uptake, we created a novel telehealth‐based model of care for prisoners with HCV that is both cost‐effective and requires minimal infrastructure. Over a period of 30 months, a total of 332 patients was initiated on treatment, achieving a per protocol sustained virological response (SVR12) rate of 91%. A large number (29%) of patients was lost to follow up after release from prison – highlighting the vital opportunity for HCV treatment during incarceration. We propose that similar models of care can be used to improve HCV treatment access for other priority populations in Australia.
Improving mobile learning in secondary mathematics and science: Listening to students
Authors: Burke Paul F. , Kearney Matthew , Schuck Sandy , Aubusson Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMobile learning studies often focus on teachers' perspectives. This study instead considers students' experiences of learning with mobile devices (i.e., m‐learning) in secondary school mathematics and science.ObjectivesThe research aims to describe the m‐learning experiences of secondary mathematics and science students, and to determine the extent to which distinctive pedagogical dimensions impact students' perceived learning.MethodsA survey instrument using the iPAC mobile pedagogical framework as a theoretical lens is developed and validated. This framework highlights three pedagogical dimensions: personalization, authenticity, and collaboration. Structural equation modelling is used to investigate how each dimension predicts students' perceived improvement in learning, whilst accounting for usage context, among a sample of students in schools where mobile devices are used extensively.Results and ConclusionsStudents were in agreement that personalization was a characteristic of their m‐learning experiences, but authentic and collaborative learning were not as strongly featured. M‐learning activities fostering personalization were most important for improving perceived learning; authenticity and collaboration were also significant, but no differences in perceived learning improvement due to location were found. Authentic m‐learning and perceived improvement in learning with mobile devices were significantly higher in science than mathematics subjects.ImplicationsWhen teachers design m‐learning tasks that enhance personalization, collaboration, and authenticity, students are predicted to perceive improvements in their learning. The findings suggest that teachers should consider designing technology‐enhanced tasks that improve students' experiences of collaborative and authentic learning, particularly in mathematics for greatest gains in students' perceived improvement in learning.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography for the in vivo real‐time diagnosis of different stages of keratinocyte skin cancer: a preliminary study
Authors: Ruini C. , Schuh S. , Gust C. , Kendziora B. , Frommherz L. , French L.E. , Hartmann D. , Welzel J. , Sattler E.C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of keratinocyte cancers (KC) strictly depends on their differentiation and invasiveness. Non‐invasive diagnostic techniques can support the diagnosis in real time, avoiding unnecessary biopsies. This study aimed to preliminarily define main imaging criteria and histological correlations of actinic keratosis (AK), Bowen’s disease (BD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using the novel device line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT).MethodsDermoscopy and LC‐OCT images of 73 histopathologically confirmed lesions (46 AKs, 11 BD and 16 SCCs) were included in the study. Exemplary lesions (10 AKs, 5 BD and 5 SCCs) were additionally investigated with optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy.ResultsMost common LC‐OCT findings of KC in the descriptive statistics were hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis, disruption of stratum corneum, broadened epidermis, basal and suprabasal keratinocyte atypia, dilated vessels/neoangiogenesis and elastosis/collagen alterations. In the univariate multinomial logistic regression, a preserved DEJ was less common in SCC compared with AK and BD, BD displayed marked keratinocyte atypia involving all epidermal layers (bowenoid pattern), while SCC showed ulceration, increased epidermal thickness, keratin plugs, acantholysis, not visible/interrupted DEJ and epidermal bright particles. LC‐OCT increased the diagnostic confidence by 24.7% compared with dermoscopy alone.ConclusionsOur study describes for the first time specific LC‐OCT features of different stages of KC and their histopathological correlates, focusing on keratinocyte morphology and architecture of the epidermis and DEJ. LC‐OCT may open new scenarios in the bedside diagnosis, treatment planning and follow‐up of KC.
Nursing students’ experiences with simulation‐based education as a pedagogic method in low‐resource settings: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Bø Bodil , Madangi Bartholomayo Paulo , Ralaitafika Hanitra , Ersdal Hege Langli , Tjoflåt Ingrid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study introduced simulation‐based education in nurse education programs in Tanzania and Madagascar and explored nursing students’ experiences with this pedagogic method as a mode of learning.BackgroundSimulation‐based education has barely been introduced to education programs in resource‐constrained settings. The study was conducted in two nurse education programs: one in rural Tanzania and the other in the mid‐land of Madagascar. Both institutions offer diploma programs in nursing. Simulation‐based education has not been included in the teaching methods used in these nursing programs.DesignA descriptive and convergent mixed method design was employed.MethodsNinety‐nine nursing students were included in the study. Simulation sessions followed by data collection took place once in 2017 and twice in 2018. Data were collected by means of several questionnaires and six focus groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) was used to report the results.ResultsThe quantitative data revealed that the students rated all the questions related to the simulation design elements, educational practices, and students’ satisfaction and self‐confidence in learning with scores of above four on a 5‐point Likert scale. The qualitative data from the first theme, building competence and confidence, further emphasized and outlined the quantitative results. Additionally, the qualitative data revealed a second theme, improving through encouragement and corrections. The students clearly expressed that they wanted to be aware of their weaknesses to be able to improve; however, the provision of feedback should be carried out in an encouraging way.ConclusionThe findings indicated that the nursing students were satisfied with simulation as a pedagogic method, as it improved their competence and prepared them for professional practice. Further research is necessary to explore whether the students are able to transfer their knowledge into clinical practice.Relevance to clinical practiceSimulation as a pedagogic method is valuable for the learning of clinical skills and preparation for clinical practice.
Night work as a stressor: The role of sleep reactivity to stress in the relationship between night work and insomnia
Authors: Gustavsson Katarzyna , Wichniak Adam 
Published: August 2021

SummarySleep reactivity to stress is a predisposition to experience sleep disturbances in response to stress. The present study aimed to examine the potential moderating role of sleep reactivity to stress in the relationship between the number of night shifts per month as a stressor and insomnia symptoms. A total of 188 shift‐working physicians completed a short questionnaire about work schedule, the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress and the Insomnia Severity Index. Sleep reactivity to stress was a significant moderator of the effect of number of nights worked in the last month on insomnia symptoms. At low and medium sleep reactivity to stress the relationship between the number of night shifts per month and insomnia symptoms was positive and significant. At high sleep reactivity to stress the relationship was no longer significant. The results show that with low and medium sleep reactivity to stress, the more night shifts a person works per month, the more severe insomnia symptoms they will report. With high sleep reactivity to stress even a low number of night shifts per month will lead to a deterioration of sleep. This is important for identifying those who are more vulnerable to adverse consequences of working in the shift system, and the knowledge of workers’ sleep reactivity to stress may help in providing targeted interventions.
A modelling analysis of financial incentives for hepatitis C testing and treatment uptake delivered through a community‐based testing campaign
Authors: Palmer Anna Y. , Chan Kico , Gold Judy , Layton Chloe , Elsum Imogen , Hellard Margaret , Stoove Mark , Doyle Joseph S. , Pedrana Alisa , Scott Nick ,   on the EC Partnership
Published: August 2021

AbstractFinancial incentives may reduce opportunity costs associated with people who become lost to follow‐up in hepatitis C treatment programs. We estimated the impact that different financial incentive amounts would need to have on retention in care to maintain the same unit cost per (1) RNA‐positive person completing testing (defined as awareness of RNA status) and (2) RNA diagnosed person initiating treatment. Costing data were obtained from a 2019 community‐based testing campaign focused on engaging people who inject drugs. For different financial incentive amounts, we modelled the corresponding improvements in retention in care that would be needed to maintain the same overall (1) unit cost per testing completion and (2) unit cost per treatment initiation. In the testing campaign, the unit cost per RNA‐positive person completing testing was A$3215 and the unit cost per RNA diagnosed person initiating treatment was A$1055. Modelling found that an incentive of A$500 per RNA‐positive person completing testing would result in more people completing testing for the same unit cost if the percentage of attendees receiving their test results increased from 63% to 74%. An incentive of A$200 per RNA diagnosed person initiating treatment would result in more people initiating treatment for the same unit cost if the percentage initiating treatment increased from 67% to 83%. Monetary incentives for completing testing and initiating treatment may be an effective way to increase retention in care without increasing the overall unit cost of completing testing/initiating treatment.
Functional immunogenetic variation, rather than local adaptation, predicts ectoparasite infection intensity in a model fish species
Authors: Phillips Karl P. , Cable Joanne , Mohammed Ryan S. , Chmielewski Sebastian , Przesmycka Karolina J. , van Oosterhout Cock , Radwan Jacek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNatural host populations differ in their susceptibility to infection by parasites, and these intrapopulation differences are still an incompletely understood component of host‐parasite dynamics. In this study, we used controlled infection experiments with wild‐caught guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and their ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli to investigate the roles of local adaptation and host genetic composition (immunogenetic and neutral) in explaining differences in susceptibility to infection. We found differences between our four study host populations that were consistent between two parasite source populations, with no indication of local adaptation by either host or parasite at two tested spatial scales. Greater values of host population genetic variability metrics broadly aligned with lower population mean infection intensity, with the best alignments associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) “supertypes”. Controlling for intrapopulation differences and potential inbreeding variance, we found a significant negative relationship between individual‐level functional MHC variability and infection: fish carrying more MHC supertypes experienced infections of lower severity, with limited evidence for supertype‐specific effects. We conclude that population‐level differences in host infection susceptibility probably reflect variation in parasite selective pressure and/or host evolutionary potential, underpinned by functional immunogenetic variation.
Expanding the conservation genomics toolbox: Incorporating structural variants to enhance genomic studies for species of conservation concern
Authors: Wold Jana , Koepfli Klaus‐Peter , Galla Stephanie J. , Eccles David , Hogg Carolyn J. , Le Lec Marissa F. , Guhlin Joseph , Santure Anna W. , Steeves Tammy E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStructural variants (SVs) are large rearrangements (>50 bp) within the genome that impact gene function and the content and structure of chromosomes. As a result, SVs are a significant source of functional genomic variation, that is, variation at genomic regions underpinning phenotype differences, that can have large effects on individual and population fitness. While there are increasing opportunities to investigate functional genomic variation in threatened species via single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data sets, SVs remain understudied despite their potential influence on fitness traits of conservation interest. In this future‐focused Opinion, we contend that characterizing SVs offers the conservation genomics community an exciting opportunity to complement SNP‐based approaches to enhance species recovery. We also leverage the existing literature–predominantly in human health, agriculture and ecoevolutionary biology–to identify approaches for readily characterizing SVs and consider how integrating these into the conservation genomics toolbox may transform the way we manage some of the world's most threatened species.
Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients after oncological surgery: Risk factors and 1‐year mortality
Authors: Córdova‐Sánchez Bertha M. , Joffre‐Torres Aranza , Joachín‐Sánchez Emerson , Morales Buenrostro Luis E. , Ñamendys‐Silva Silvio A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to identify risk factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and to analyse 1‐year mortality after oncological surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively included 434 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after oncological surgery, and classified AKI according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. We performed logistic regression and Cox regression analyses to evaluate AKI and mortality risk factors.ResultsSixty‐one percent of patients (n = 264) developed AKI. Previous abdominal radiotherapy and abdominal surgical packing were independently associated with stage 2 and 3 AKI, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–5.5, p = .010) and OR of 2.6 (95% CI 1.2–5.5, p = .014), respectively. Other independent risk factors were: glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73m2 (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2–11.4, p = .028), abdominal surgery 2.6 (1.4–4.9, p = .003), intraoperative diuresis <1 ml/k/h (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.0, p = .001), sepsis (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3–4.6, p = .002) and mechanical ventilation at ICU admission (OR 7.7, 95% CI 3.2–18.6, p < .001). Stage 2 and stage 3 AKI were independently associated with 1‐year mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 2.6 (95% CI 1.3–5.0, p = .005) and HR of 5.0 (95% CI 2.6–9.6, p < .001), respectively. Additionally, patients who had postsurgical AKI, had a lower eGFR at 1‐year follow‐up. These findings may be limited by the retrospective single centre design of our study.ConclusionIn addition to the conventional risk factors, our results suggest that abdominal radiotherapy and abdominal surgical packing could be independent risk factors for AKI after oncological surgery.
Psychometric properties of a Thai version of the Richards‐Campbell sleep questionnaire
Authors: Kitisin Nuanprae , Somnuke Pawit , Thikom Napat , Raykateeraroj Nattaya , Poontong Nisa , Thanakiattiwibun Chayanan , Wongtangman Karuna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn critically ill patients, a poor sleep quality can escalate mortality and the length of hospital stays. Albeit being the gold standard for sleep assessment, polysomnography (PSG) is expensive and complicated. The Richards‐Campbell sleep questionnaire (RCSQ) is another tool with proof of good correlation with PSG. RCSQ was translated into many languages. However, the Thai version (T‐RCSQ) has not been developed.Aims and objectivesOur study aimed to translate the original RCSQ into Thai, to test the content validity and reliability, and to introduce the questionnaire into clinical practice at the surgical intensive care unit (SICU).DesignProspective cross‐sectional studyMethodsThis study enrolled 92 patients from the SICU between August 2019 and January 2020. The content validity of T‐RCSQ was determined by the index of item‐objective congruence (IOC). The reliability was tested by test‐retest reliability at 7 amand 9 amafter intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The internal consistency was expressed by Cronbach's alpha. Patients' demography was reported as percentage, mean and standard deviation, and median and interquartile range.ResultsThe content validity and test‐retest reliability of the T‐RCSQ were 0.8 and 0.97, respectively. The internal consistency was 0.964. Most patients were female with American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status III. The mean RCSQ scores at 7 amand 9 amwere 5.82 ± 2.15 cm and 5.61 ± 2.18 cm, respectively.ConclusionsThe T‐RCSQ is reliable and could be used as an alternative to PSG for sleep assessment of ICU patients. Further research is required to validate the T‐RCSQ against PSG and to assess its impact on improving sleep quality and patients' clinical outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceT‐RCSQ is a useful tool for sleep assessment in ICU. According to cost‐effectiveness, convenience, and good reliability, it could be applied to determine proper sleep to minimize patient morbidity and mortality.
Novel chemicals engender myriad invasion mechanisms
Authors: Inderjit  , Simberloff Daniel , Kaur Harleen , Kalisz Susan , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: August 2021

SummaryNon‐native invasive species (NIS) release chemicals into the environment that are unique to the invaded communities, defined as novel chemicals. Novel chemicals impact competitors, soil microbial communities, mutualists, plant enemies, and soil nutrients differently than in the species’ native range. Ecological functions of novel chemicals and differences in functions between the native and non‐native ranges of NIS are of immense interest to ecologists. Novel chemicals can mediate different ecological, physiological, and evolutionary mechanisms underlying invasion hypotheses. Interactions amongst the NIS and resident species including competitors, soil microbes, and plant enemies, as well as abiotic factors in the invaded community are linked to novel chemicals. However, we poorly understand how these interactions might enhance NIS performance. New empirical data and analyses of how novel chemicals act in the invaded community will fill major gaps in our understanding of the chemistry of biological invasions. A novel chemical‐invasion mechanism framework shows how novel chemicals engender invasion mechanisms beyond plant–plant or plant–microorganism interactions.
Genetic characterization of a diversity panel, selected from IPK linseed (Linum usitatissimum) world collection
Authors: Ataii Ehsan , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Sabzalian Mohammad R. , Sharif‐Moghaddam Negar , Sadri Nafiseh , Jafari Parisa , Mohammadi Mirik Aliakbar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite all advances in crop breeding techniques, the fundamental role of studying and identifying new genetic material remains undeniable. In this study, a diversity panel (DP) of 120 linseeds were characterized in the field for potential use in breeding programmes during 2 years. The panel was assembled mainly from intermediate linseeds, randomly selected from IPK world collection. Traits evaluated consisted of seed yield, branches and capsules per plant; plant height; capsule diameter; seeds capsule−1; 1000‐seed weight; seed length and width and also seed oil and protein content. Results revealed a great variability in DP mainly attributable to the genetic factors (72.6%) rather than geographical origin (6.4%) or experimental years (20.9%). Among studied traits, seed yield, branches and capsules per plant showed the highest variability. However, seed size features had relatively higher broad‐sense heritability and showed the strongest correlation with seed yield per plant. The DP provides a potentially useful resource for linseed breeding; this was particularly evident for five identified elite lines, among which an Indian landrace was outstanding.