bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining depression symptoms within OCD: the role of experiential avoidance
Authors: Browning Morgan E. , Van Kirk Nathaniel P. , Krompinger Jason W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression commonly co-occur. Past research has evaluated underlying mechanisms of depression in the context of other diagnoses, but few to no studies have done this within OCD.Aims:This study examines the relationships between distress tolerance (DT), experiential avoidance (EA), depression, and OCD symptom severity across intensive/residential treatment (IRT) for OCD. It was hypothesized that all variables would be significantly moderately related and EA would emerge as a potential contributing factor to change in depression and OCD symptoms across IRT for OCD.Method:The sample included 311 participants with a primary diagnosis of OCD seeking IRT. Correlations were performed between all variables at both admission and discharge. A two-step hierarchical regression with change in OCD symptoms and change in DT in the first block and change in EA in the second block examined if change in EA explained change in depression above and beyond change in OCD and DT ability.Results:At both admission and discharge, higher EA, lower DT, and higher OCD symptom severity were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms. Change in EA explained a significant amount of variance in change in depression above and beyond change in OCD symptom severity and change in DT.Conclusions:This study expands past results within an OCD sample, emphasizing EA as an important treatment target in OCD. Future studies could utilize samples from other treatment contexts, use a measure of EA specific to OCD, and utilize a longitudinal model that takes temporal precedence into account.
Sociodemographic disparities and contextual factors in obesity: updated evidence from a National Survey of Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases
Authors: Pou Sonia Alejandra , Diaz Maria Del Pilar , Velázquez Guillermo Angel , Aballay Laura Rosana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with the obesity occurrence in Argentina from a sex- and age-comparative perspective and a multilevel approach.Design:Cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the National Survey of Chronic Diseases Risk Factors (CDRF) 2018, Argentina. Two-level logistic regression models stratified by sex and age were used.Setting:The nationwide probabilistic sample of the CDRF survey and twenty-four geographical units.Participants:16 410 adult people, living in Argentine towns of at least 5000 people, nested into 24 geographical units. Sex and age groups were defined as young (aged 18–44 years), middle-aged (45–64 years) and older (65 years and older) men and women.Results:Single men (all age groups) and divorced/widowed men (aged 45 years or older) had a lower obesity risk compared to married ones. In the middle-aged group, men with higher education showed a lower risk than men with incomplete primary education. In young women, a marked social gradient by educational level was observed. A low-income level coupled with highly urbanised contexts represents an unfavourable scenario for young and middle-aged women. Having a multi-person household was a risk factor for obesity (OR = 1·26, P = 0·038) in middle-aged women. Contextual factors linked to the availability of socially constructed recreational resources and green spaces were associated with obesity among young adults.Conclusions:Socio-environmental determinants of obesity seem to operate differently according to sex and age in Argentina. This entails the need to address the obesity epidemic considering gender inequalities and the socio-environmental context at each stage of life.
Does the prevalence of promotions on foods and beverages vary by product healthiness? A population-based study of household food and drink purchases in New Zealand
Authors: Tawfiq Essa , Bradbury Kathryn E , Ni Mhurchu Cliona 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the prevalence of promotions on foods and non-alcoholic drinks purchased by New Zealand households and to determine if they vary according to healthiness of products.Design:We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of Nielsen New Zealand Homescan® 2018/19 panel data. We conducted multivariate analyses to examine the variability in quantities of healthyv. unhealthy food and beverage products purchased on promotion. Promotion was self-reported by the panellist. Healthiness of products was measured by the Health Star Rating (HSR) system. We also carried out a subgroup analysis for beverages according to the threshold of < 5 gv. ≥ 5 g sugar per 100 ml content of products.Setting:The Nielsen New Zealand Homescan® data were linked with two New Zealand Food Composition Databases (Nutritrack and the FOODfiles).Participants:Food and beverage purchases data by 1800 panel households were used.Results:Overall, 46 % (1 803 601/3 940 458) of all purchases made were on promotion. Compared with purchases of food and beverage products with HSR < 3·5 (unhealthy), food and beverage products with HSR ≥ 3·5 (healthy) were significantly less likely to be on promotion (OR = 0·78, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·79). The subgroup analysis for beverages shows that products with < 5 g sugar per 100 ml were significantly less likely to be on promotion than those with ≥ 5 g sugar per 100 ml (OR = 0·77, 95 % CI 0·75, 0·79).Conclusions:Policies to improve healthy food retailing should focus on increasing the promotion of healthier food and drink options in stores and supermarkets.
A FREENESS CRITERION WITHOUT PATCHING FOR MODULES OVER LOCAL RINGS
Authors: Brochard Sylvain , Iyengar Srikanth B. , Khare Chandrashekhar B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is proved that if
$\varphi \colon A\to B$
is a local homomorphism of commutative noetherian local rings, a nonzero finitely generated B-module N whose flat dimension over A is at most
$\operatorname {edim} A - \operatorname {edim} B$
is free over B and
$\varphi $
is a special type of complete intersection. This result is motivated by a ‘patching method’ developed by Taylor and Wiles and a conjecture of de Smit, proved by the first author, dealing with the special case when N is flat over A.
Does Transfer Payments Promote Low‐Carbon Development of Resource‐Exhausted Cities in China?
Authors: Li Xing , Wang Daoping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmploying a time‐varying difference‐in‐differences model and a data set collected from 2,735 counties in China from 2003 to 2017, this study examines the causal relationship between Chinese government transfer payments to resource‐exhausted cities (TPREC) and carbon emissions for the first time. Our results show that TPREC could significantly reduce carbon emissions of resource‐exhausted cities in China. A variety of robustness tests supports our findings. Our further mechanism analysis shows that TPREC mainly affects carbon emissions through the following three channels: (a) promoting technological progress and industrial upgrades; (b) increasing vegetation carbon sequestration; (c) strengthening government environmental regulations. Finally, this paper analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of the carbon emission reduction effect of TPREC and finds that the most significant reduction effect of TPREC is in the western region and coal‐exhausted cities. This paper provides new empirical evidence for the role of transfer payments in promoting low‐carbon development using a unique set of data. Our findings provide new insights for decision‐makers to facilitate the low‐carbon development of resource‐exhausted cities.
Comment on “Properties of the Recovery Phase of Extreme Storms” by Choraghe et al. (2021)
Authors: Cid C. , Saiz E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChoraghe et al. (2021), based on a study of the recovery phase of the SYM‐H index of 31 extreme geomagnetic storms, have recently concluded that the hyperbolic decay function is only able to explain the complete recovery phase of about one third of events and that both the exponential or the hyperbolic decay functions fail to explain the late recovery phase of storms. Furthermore, they propose a linear function to model the late recovery phase and claim that the proposed model could throw new light on the relative importance of different physical processes involved during the complete recovery phase of extreme storms. We assert that the Choraghe et al. (2021) conclusions regarding the recovery phase of extreme storms analysis are incorrect and in particular are based on a misunderstanding of the nature of the evolution of the SYM‐H index and the energy balance of the ring current.
High CO2 Expands Where Plants Can Grow in CESM‐CLM4‐CNDV
Authors: Kowalczyk Jennifer B. , Lee Jung‐Eun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs anthropogenic carbon emissions continue, it is important to predict how vegetation will change due to the warming climate, increasing atmospheric CO2, and changing precipitation patterns. Some projections show decreases in vegetation either regionally in the tropics (e.g., Falloon et al., 2012; Port et al., 2012) or globally (e.g., Bastin et al., 2019) due to high temperatures and drying, and there is large uncertainty surrounding the response of global vegetation to climate change (Arora et al., 2020; Friedlingstein et al., 2006; Walker et al., 2020). Here we use simulations with the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) with dynamic vegetation to explore how increasing CO2 may affect vegetation and, through feedbacks, the climate. We find that globally, warming only decreases vegetation, but when we include the effects of CO2 on plant physiology, vegetated area increases by ∼23% relative to the preindustrial simulation. This greening occurs even without significant increases in precipitation, as high CO2 increases plant water use efficiency, allowing for more vegetation in arid and hot regions. Our results show that CO2‐induced vegetation changes affect climate by amplifying high latitude warming, cooling some areas of the tropics, and shifting global precipitation patterns. Our results highlight the importance of including climate‐vegetation feedbacks in Earth system modeling.
INTERSTAARS: Attention training for infants with elevated likelihood of developing ADHD: A proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial
Authors: Goodwin Amy , Jones Emily J. H. , Salomone Simona , Mason Luke , Holman Rebecca , Begum-Ali Jannath , Hunt Anna , Ruddock Martin , Vamvakas George , Robinson Emily , Holden Catherine J. , Taylor Chloë , Smith Tim J. , Sonuga-Barke Edmund , Bolton Patrick , Charman Tony , Pickles Andrew , Wass Sam , Johnson Mark H. ,   and the INTERSTAARS team
Published: December 2021

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is first diagnosed during middle childhood, when patterns of difficulty are often established. Pre-emptive approaches that strengthen developing cognitive systems could offer an alternative to post-diagnostic interventions. This proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial (RCT) tested whether computerised gaze-based attention training is feasible and improves attention in infants liable to develop ADHD. Forty-three 9- to 16-month-old infants with a first-degree relative with ADHD were recruited (11/2015–11/2018) at two UK sites and randomised with minimisation by site and sex to receive 9 weekly sessions of either (a) gaze-contingent attention training (intervention; n = 20); or (b) infant-friendly passive viewing of videos (control, n = 23). Sessions were delivered at home with blinded outcome assessments. The primary outcome was a composite of attention measures jointly analysed via a multivariate ANCOVA with a combined effect size (ES) from coefficients at baseline, midpoint and endpoint (Registration: ISRCTN37683928). Uptake and compliance was good but intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant differences between 20 intervention and 23 control infants on primary (ES −0.4, 95% CI −0.9 to 0.2; Complier-Average-Causal Effect ES −0.6, 95% CI −1.6 to 0.5) or secondary outcomes (behavioural attention). There were no adverse effects on sleep but a small increase in post-intervention session fussiness. Although feasible, there was no support for short-term effects of gaze-based attention training on attention skills in early ADHD. Longer-term outcomes remain to be assessed. The study highlights challenges and opportunities for pre-emptive intervention approaches to the management of ADHD.
Predictors of diagnostic transition from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: a retrospective observational network study
Authors: Nestsiarovich Anastasiya , Reps Jenna M. , Matheny Michael E. , DuVall Scott L. , Lynch Kristine E. , Beaton Maura , Jiang Xinzhuo , Spotnitz Matthew , Pfohl Stephen R. , Shah Nigam H. , Torre Carmen Olga , Reich Christian G. , Lee Dong Yun , Son Sang Joon , You Seng Chan , Park Rae Woong , Ryan Patrick B. , Lambert Christophe G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are initially misdiagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and are treated with antidepressants, whose potential iatrogenic effects are widely discussed. It is unknown whether MDD is a comorbidity of BD or its earlier stage, and no consensus exists on individual conversion predictors, delaying BD’s timely recognition and treatment. We aimed to build a predictive model of MDD to BD conversion and to validate it across a multi-national network of patient databases using the standardization afforded by the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model. Five “training” US databases were retrospectively analyzed: IBM MarketScan CCAE, MDCR, MDCD, Optum EHR, and Optum Claims. Cyclops regularized logistic regression models were developed on one-year MDD-BD conversion with all standard covariates from the HADES PatientLevelPrediction package. Time-to-conversion Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed up to a decade after MDD, stratified by model-estimated risk. External validation of the final prediction model was performed across 9 patient record databases within the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network internationally. The model’s area under the curve (AUC) varied 0.633–0.745 (µ = 0.689) across the five US training databases. Nine variables predicted one-year MDD-BD transition. Factors that increased risk were: younger age, severe depression, psychosis, anxiety, substance misuse, self-harm thoughts/actions, and prior mental disorder. AUCs of the validation datasets ranged 0.570–0.785 (µ = 0.664). An assessment algorithm was built for MDD to BD conversion that allows distinguishing as much as 100-fold risk differences among patients and validates well across multiple international data sources.
CPEB3 deficiency in mice affect ovarian follicle development and causes premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: E. Fang , Zhang He , Yin Wanli , Wang Chongyang , Liu Yuanli , Li Yanze , Wang Linlin , Wu Yue , Zhang Runze , Zou Chendan , Song Tianjun , Matunda Cedric , Zou Chaoxia , Gao Xu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in research on the pathogenesis and treatment of POI, owing to the implementation of the second-child policy in China. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) is an RNA-binding protein that can bind to specific RNA sequences. CPEB3 can bind to and affect the expression, cellular location, and stability of target RNAs. Cpeb3 is highly expressed in the ovary; however, its functions remain unknown. In this study, Cpeb3-mutant mice were used to characterize the physiological functions of CPEB3. Cpeb3-mutant female mice manifested signs of gradual loss of ovarian follicles, ovarian follicle development arrest, increased follicle atresia, and subfertility with a phenotype analogous to POI in women. Further analysis showed that granulosa cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was markedly increased in Cpeb3-mutant ovaries. In addition, the expression of Gdf9, a potential target of CPEB3, was decreased in Cpeb3-mutant ovaries and oocytes. Altogether, these results reveal that CPEB3 is essential for ovarian follicle development and female fertility as it regulates the expression of Gdf9 in oocytes, disruption of which leads to impaired ovarian follicle development and POI.
Colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts promote metastasis by up-regulating LRG1 through stromal IL-6/STAT3 signaling
Authors: Zhong Beiping , Cheng Bing , Huang Xiaoming , Xiao Qian , Niu Zhitong , Chen Yu-feng , Yu Qiang , Wang Wenyu , Wu Xiao-Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to play a strong role in colorectal cancer metastasis, yet the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Using CRC clinical samples together with ex vivo CAFs-CRC co-culture models, we found that CAFs induce expression of Leucine Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1(LRG1) in CRC, where it shows markedly higher expression in metastatic CRC tissues compared to primary tumors. We further show that CAFs-induced LRG1 promotes CRC migration and invasion that is concomitant with EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) induction. In addition, this signaling axis has also been confirmed in the liver metastatic mouse model which displayed CAFs-induced LRG1 substantially accelerates metastasis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CAFs-secreted IL-6 (interleukin-6) is responsible for LRG1 up-regulation in CRC, which occurs through a direct transactivation by STAT3 following JAK2 activation. In clinical CRC tumor samples, LRG1 expression was positively correlated with CAFs-specific marker, α-SMA, and a higher LRG1 expression predicted poor clinical outcomes especially distant metastasis free survival, supporting the role of LRG1 in CRC progression. Collectively, this study provided a novel insight into CAFs-mediated metastasis in CRC and indicated that therapeutic targeting of CAFs-mediated IL-6-STAT3-LRG1 axis might be a potential strategy to mitigate metastasis in CRC.
WTIP upregulates FOXO3a and induces apoptosis through PUMA in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhu Yunqi , Tong Xiangmin , Wang Ying , Lu Xiaoya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive and heterogeneous clonal hematologic malignancy for which novel therapeutic targets and strategies are required. Emerging evidence suggests that WTIP is a candidate tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanisms of WTIP in leukemogenesis have not been explored. Here, we report that WTIP expression is significantly reduced both in AML cell lines and clinical specimens compared with normal controls, and low levels of WTIP correlate with decreased overall survival in AML patients. Overexpression of WTIP inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that the apoptotic function of WTIP is mediated by upregulation and nuclear translocation of FOXO3a, a member of Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors involved in tumor suppression. We further demonstrate that WTIP interacts with FOXO3a and transcriptionally activates FOXO3a. Upon transcriptional activation of FOXO3a, its downstream target PUMA is increased, leading to activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that WTIP is a tumor suppressor and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in AML.
Nuclear factor I-C disrupts cellular homeostasis between autophagy and apoptosis via miR-200b-Ambra1 in neural tube defects
Authors: Huang Wanqi , Huang Tianchu , Liu Yusi , Fu Jialin , Wei Xiaowei , Liu Dan , Ma Wei , Gu Hui , Yuan Zhengwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImpaired autophagy and excessive apoptosis disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to neural tube defects (NTDs), which are a group of fatal and disabling birth defects caused by the failure of neural tube closure during early embryonic development. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying NTDs and outcomes remain elusive. Here, we report the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) in maintaining cellular homeostasis in NTDs. We demonstrated that abnormally elevated levels of NFIC in a mouse model of NTDs can interact with the miR-200b promoter, leading to the activation of the transcription of miR-200b, which plays a critical role in NTD formation, as reported in our previous study. Furthermore, miR-200b represses autophagy and triggers apoptosis by directly targeting the autophagy-related gene Ambra1 (Autophagy/Beclin1 regulator 1). Notably, miR-200b inhibitors mitigate the unexpected effects of NFIC on autophagy and apoptosis. Collectively, these results indicate that the NFIC-miR-200b-Ambra1 axis, which integrates transcription- and epigenome-regulated miRNAs and an autophagy regulator, disrupts cellular homeostasis during the closure of the neural tube, and may provide new insight into NTD pathogenesis.
Conformational dynamics of the Beta and Kappa SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and their complexes with ACE2 receptor revealed by cryo-EM
Authors: Wang Yifan , Xu Cong , Wang Yanxing , Hong Qin , Zhang Chao , Li Zuyang , Xu Shiqi , Zuo Qinyu , Liu Caixuan , Huang Zhong , Cong Yao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Kappa and Beta variants with enhanced transmissibility and resistance to neutralizing antibodies has created new challenges for the control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the structural nature of Kappa and Beta spike (S) proteins and their association with ACE2 is of significant importance. Here we present two cryo-EM structures for each of the Kappa and Beta spikes in the open and open-prone transition states. Compared with wild-type (WT) or G614 spikes, the two variant spikes appear more untwisted/open especially for Beta, and display a considerable population shift towards the open state as well as more pronounced conformational dynamics. Moreover, we capture four conformational states of the S-trimer/ACE2 complex for each of the two variants, revealing an enlarged conformational landscape for the Kappa and Beta S-ACE2 complexes and pronounced population shift towards the three RBDs up conformation. These results implicate that the mutations in Kappa and Beta may modify the kinetics of receptor binding and viral fusion to improve virus fitness. Combined with biochemical analysis, our structural study shows that the two variants are enabled to efficiently interact with ACE2 receptor despite their sensitive ACE2 binding surface is modified to escape recognition by some potent neutralizing MAbs. Our findings shed new light on the pathogenicity and immune evasion mechanism of the Beta and Kappa variants.
Influence of shape resonances on the angular dependence of molecular photoionization delays
Authors: Holzmeier F. , Joseph J. , Houver J. C. , Lebech M. , Dowek D. , Lucchese R. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCharacterizing time delays in molecular photoionization as a function of the ejected electron emission direction relative to the orientation of the molecule and the light polarization axis provides unprecedented insights into the attosecond dynamics induced by extreme ultraviolet or X-ray one-photon absorption, including the role of electronic correlation and continuum resonant states. Here, we report completely resolved experimental and computational angular dependence of single-photon ionization delays in NO molecules across a shape resonance, relying on synchrotron radiation and time-independent ab initio calculations. The angle-dependent time delay variations of few hundreds of attoseconds, resulting from the interference of the resonant and non-resonant contributions to the dynamics of the ejected electron, are well described using a multichannel Fano model where the time delay of the resonant component is angle-independent. Comparing these results with the same resonance computed in e-NO+ scattering highlights the connection of photoionization delays with Wigner scattering time delays.