bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral properties of near-Earth objects with low-Jovian Tisserand invariant
Authors: Simion N G , Popescu M , Licandro J , Vaduvescu O , de León J , Gherase R M 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The near-Earth objects with low-Jovian Tisserand invariant (TJ) represent about 9 per cent of the known objects orbiting in the near-Earth space, being subject of numerous planetary encounters and large temperature variations. We aim to make a spectral characterization for a large sample of NEOs with TJ ≤ 3.1. Consequently, we can estimate the fraction of bodies with a cometary origin. We report new spectral observations for 26 low-TJ NEOs. The additional spectra, retrieved from different public data bases, allowed us to perform the analysis over a catalogue of 150 objects. We classified them with respect to Bus-DeMeo taxonomic system. The results are discussed regarding their orbital parameters. The taxonomic distribution of low-TJ NEOs differs from the entire NEOs population. Consequently, TJ ∼ 3 can act as a composition border too. We found that 56.2 per cent of low-TJ NEOs have comet-like spectra and they become abundant (79.7 per cent) for TJ ≤ 2.8. 16 D-type objects have been identified in this population, distributed on orbits with an average TJ = 2.65 ± 0.6. Using two dynamical criteria, together with the comet-like spectral classification as an identification method and by applying an observational bias correction, we estimate that the fraction of NEOs with a cometary nature and H ∈ (14, 21) mag has the lower and upper bounds (1.5 ± 0.15) and (10.4 ± 2.2) per cent. Additionally, our observations show that all extreme cases of low-perihelion asteroids (q ≤ 0.3 au) belong to S-complex.
Modelling type 1 quasar colours in the era of Rubin and Euclid
Authors: Temple Matthew J , Hewett Paul C , Banerji Manda 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We construct a parametric SED model which is able to reproduce the average observed SDSS–UKIDSS–WISE quasar colours to within one-tenth of a magnitude across a wide range of redshift (0 &lt; z &lt; 5) and luminosity (−22 &gt; Mi &gt; −29). This model is shown to provide accurate predictions for the colours of known quasars which are less luminous than those used to calibrate the model parameters, and also those at higher redshifts z &gt; 5. Using a single parameter, the model encapsulates an up-to-date understanding of the intra-population variance in the rest-frame ultraviolet and optical emission lines of luminous quasars. At fixed redshift, there are systematic changes in the average quasar colours with apparent i-band magnitude, which we find to be well explained by the contribution from the host galaxy and our parametrization of the emission-line properties. By including redshift as an additional free parameter, the model could be used to provide photometric redshifts for individual objects. For the population as a whole we find that the average emission line and host-galaxy contributions can be well described by simple functions of luminosity which account for the observed changes in the average quasar colours across 18.1 &lt; iAB &lt; 21.5. We use these trends to provide predictions for quasar colours at the luminosities and redshifts which will be probed by the Rubin Observatory LSST and ESA-Euclid wide survey. The model code is applicable to a wide range of upcoming photometric and spectroscopic surveys, and is made publicly available.
On the constraints of galaxy assembly bias in velocity space
Authors: McCarthy Kevin Spencer , Zheng Zheng , Guo Hong , Luo Wentao , Lin Yen-Ting 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
If the formation of central galaxies in dark matter haloes traces the assembly history of their host haloes, in haloes of fixed mass, central galaxy clustering may show dependence on properties indicating their formation history. Such a galaxy assembly bias effect has been investigated previously, with samples of central galaxies constructed in haloes of similar mass and with mean halo mass verified by galaxy lensing measurements, and no significant evidence of assembly bias is found from the analysis of the projected two-point correlation functions of early- and late-forming central galaxies. In this work, we extend the investigation of assembly bias effect from real space to redshift (velocity) space, with an extended construction of early- and late-forming galaxies. We carry out halo occupation distribution modelling to constrain the galaxy–halo connection to see whether there is any sign of the effect of assembly bias. We find largely consistent host halo mass for early- and late-forming central galaxies, corroborated by lensing measurements. The central velocity bias parameters, which are supposed to characterize the mutual relaxation between central galaxies and their host haloes, are inferred to overlap between early- and late-forming central galaxies. However, we find a large amplitude of velocity bias for early-forming central galaxies (e.g. with central galaxies moving at more than 50 per cent that of dark matter velocity dispersion inside host haloes), which may signal an assembly bias effect. A large sample with two-point correlation functions and other clustering measurements and improved modelling will help reach a conclusive result.
The dust and gas environment of comet 8P/Tuttle
Authors: Gutiérrez Pedro J , Lara Luisa M , Moreno Fernando 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Comet 8P/Tuttle has been selected as a possible backup target for the Comet Interceptor mission (ESA). This comet was observed intensively during its previous perihelion passage, in 2008 January. From those observations, important information was obtained about the physical properties of the nucleus and coma. This study focuses on the coma of 8P/Tuttle using visible spectra and images to derive gas and dust production rates. The production rates obtained suggest that this comet can be considered as ‘typical’ concerning the C2/CN and C3/CN ratios, although, depending on the criteria adopted, it could be defined as C3 depleted. NH2 production rates suggest an enrichment of this molecule. Visible and infrared images have been analysed using a Monte Carlo dust tail model. At comparatively large heliocentric distances, the coma is characterized by a dust-to-water ratio around or less than 1. Nevertheless, when the comet approaches perihelion, and the subsolar latitude crosses the equator, the coma dust-to-water ratio increases significantly, reaching values larger than six. Such a high dust-to-gas ratio around perihelion suggests that the nucleus of 8P/Tuttle is also ‘typical’ regarding the refractory content, considering the comparatively high values of that magnitude estimated for different comets.
A genetic mouse model with postnatalNf1andp53loss recapitulates the histology and transcriptome of human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Authors: Inoue Akira , Janke Laura J , Gudenas Brian L , Jin Hongjian , Fan Yiping , Paré Joshua , Clay Michael R , Northcott Paul A , Hirbe Angela C , Cao Xinwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive sarcomas. Somatic inactivation of NF1 and cooperating tumor suppressors, including CDKN2A/B, PRC2, and p53, is found in most MPNST. Inactivation of LATS1/2 of the Hippo pathway was recently shown to cause tumors resembling MPNST histologically, although Hippo pathway mutations are rarely found in MPNST. Because existing genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of MPNST do not recapitulate some of the key genetic features of human MPNST, we aimed to establish a GEM-MPNST model that recapitulated the human disease genetically, histologically, and molecularly.MethodsWe combined 2 genetically modified alleles, an Nf1;Trp53 cis-conditional allele and an inducible Plp-CreER allele (NP-Plp), to model the somatic, possibly postnatal, mutational events in human MPNST. We also generated conditional Lats1;Lats2 knockout mice. We performed histopathologic analyses of mouse MPNST models and transcriptomic comparison of mouse models and human nerve sheath tumors.ResultsPostnatal Nf1;Trp53 cis-deletion resulted in GEM-MPNST that were histologically more similar to human MPNST than the widely used germline Nf1;Trp53 cis-heterozygous (NPcis) model and showed partial loss of H3K27me3. At the transcriptome level, Nf1;p53-driven GEM-MPNST were distinct from Lats-driven GEM-MPNST and resembled human MPNST more closely than do Lats-driven tumors.ConclusionsThe NP-Plp model recapitulates human MPNST genetically, histologically, and molecularly.
The repair of topoisomerase 2 cleavage complexes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hacker Leonie , Dorn Annika , Enderle Janina , Puchta Holger 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) and DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), including those produced by stalled topoisomerase 2 cleavage complexes (TOP2ccs), must be repaired to ensure genome stability. The basic mechanisms of TOP2cc repair have been characterized in other eukaryotes, but we lack information for plants. Using CRISPR/Cas-induced mutants, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana has two main TOP2cc repair pathways: one is defined by TYROSYL-DNA-PHOSPHODIESTERASE 2 (TDP2), which hydrolyzes TOP2–DNA linkages, the other by the DNA-dependent protease WSS1A (a homolog of human SPARTAN/yeast weak suppressor of smt3 [Wss1]), which also functions in DPC repair. TDP1 and TDP2 function nonredundantly in TOP1cc repair, indicating that they act specifically on their respective stalled cleavage complexes. The nuclease METHYL METHANESULFONATE AND UV-SENSITIVE PROTEIN 81 (MUS81) plays a major role in global DPC repair and a minor role in TOP2cc repair. DSBs arise as intermediates of TOP2cc repair and are repaired by classical and alternative nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. Double-mutant analysis indicates that “clean” DNA ends caused by TDP2 hydrolysis are mainly religated by classical NHEJ, which helps avoid mutation. In contrast, the mutagenic alternative NHEJ pathway mainly processes nonligateable DNA ends. Thus, TDP2 promotes maintenance of plant genome integrity by error-free repair of TOP2cc.
Using the PODCI to Measure Motor Function and Parent Expectations in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Scott Kimberley S , Barbosa Gardenia O , Pan Jeff , Heathcock Jill C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Involving parents in the evaluation of their child with cerebral palsy (CP) is associated with enhanced neurodevelopmental outcomes. The pediatric outcomes data collection instrument (PODCI) is a patient-reported outcome measure primarily used to assess motor function following orthopedic surgical intervention or for older children with more independent motor function. The PODCI expectations scale has infrequently been reported in previous studies. This study aims to determine the relationship between parent-reported motor performance using the PODCI and motor capacity assessed by pediatric therapists for young children with CP across all ability levels and to explore the use of the PODCI expectations scale for quantifying therapy-related parent expectations.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 108 participants with CP, 2 to 8 years of age, gross motor function classification systems (GMFCS) levels I to V. Measures included the PODCI, gross motor function measure (GMFM), and GMFCS.

Results
There were moderate (r = 0.513) to large (r = 0.885) relationships between PODCI and GMFM scores. PODCI scores were significantly different across GMFCS levels. Weak, significant relationships (r = −0.28) were found between function expectations scores and measures of function.

Conclusion
The PODCI, GMFM, and GMFCS provide different, but strongly related, information about the abilities of young children. The GMFM measures motor capacity. Parents report daily function and health-related quality of life for their child using the PODCI. Parent expectations for intervention outcomes may relate to a child’s motor function.

Impact
These study results are consistent with those for older children with greater independent mobility, indicating an opportunity for expanded use of the PODCI for measuring motor performance for younger children with CP across all ability levels. A strategy is provided for using the PODCI expectations scale to quantify parent therapy-related expectations in future research and clinical settings. Therapy-related expectations may relate to child outcomes.
Molecular Mechanism & Structure—Zooming in on Plant Immunity
Authors: Margets Alexandra , Rima Sharmin , Helm Matthew , Carter Morgan 
Published: September 2021

The first of three International Society for Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions (IS-MPMI) eSymposia was convened on 12 and 13 July 2021, with the theme “Molecular Mechanism & Structure—Zooming in on Plant Immunity”. Hosted by Jian-Min Zhou (Beijing, China) and Jane Parker (Cologne, Germany), the eSymposium centered on “Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI” number five: Does effector-triggered immunity (ETI) potentiate and restore pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)—or is there really a binary distinction between ETI and PTI? Since the previous International Congress of IS-MPMI in 2019, substantial progress has been made in untangling the complex signaling underlying plant immunity, including a greater understanding of the structure and function of key proteins. A clear need emerged for the MPMI community to come together virtually to share new knowledge around plant immunity. Over the course of two synchronous, half days of programming, participants from 32 countries attended two plenary sessions with engaging panel discussions and networked through interactive hours and poster breakout rooms. In this report, we summarize the concerted effort by multiple laboratories to study the molecular mechanisms underlying ETI and PTI, highlighting the essential role of plant resistosomes in the formation of calcium channels during an immune response. We conclude our report by forming new questions about how overlapping signaling mechanisms are controlled.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Advances in Hemostatic Wound Dressings: Clinical Implications and Insight
Authors: Agarwal Roopali , Niezgoda Jonathan , Niezgoda Jeffrey , Madetipati Nethaji , Gopalakrishnan Sandeep 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Hemorrhagic shock is one of the leading causes of prehospital death in the armed forces. In this state, the body begins to shut down because of blood volume depletion. In both civilian and military trauma, a significant number of hemorrhage deaths occur in the first several hours after injury. Researchers all over the globe are working to develop relatively inexpensive and easy-to-transport products to prevent soldiers from going into hemorrhagic shock. For example, many advances have been made during the last several years toward the development of ideal hemostatic dressings. No current hemostatic agents meet all of the requirements, but the ideal dressing would fulfill many important measures: minimizes or stops blood flow within minutes, contains hemostatic agents to enhance blood clotting, is easy to apply, does not need preapplication preparation, has a reasonably long shelf life, is safe to use, prevents bacterial or viral transmission, is stable at extreme temperatures, and is inexpensive.
For this literature review, the authors conducted an extensive search of academic scientific databases for relevant keywords and assessed and summarized the results. This review aimed to identify recent advances in hemostatic wound dressings; summarize the currently available dressings and their supporting literature; and discuss the compositions, mechanisms of action, and clinical relevance of each category of dressing. In addition, case studies and suggestions for future research into hemorrhage control with new hemostatic agents are provided.
Evaluation of an Initiative to Decrease the Use of Oxygen Supplementation for Category II Fetal Heart Rate Tracings
Authors: Burd Julia E. , Anderson Kathryn , Berghella Vincenzo , Duncan Daniel G. , Baxter Jason K. , Quist-Nelson Johanna 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To examine compliance with a guideline to reduce exposure to supplemental oxygen for category II fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings in normally oxygenated laboring patients.

METHODS:
All patients in labor in an urban academic medical center from January 1 to July 31, 2020 were assessed. The preintervention group included those who delivered from January 1 to March 19, 2020. On March 20, 2020, a new guideline took effect that recommended no maternal supplemental oxygen for category II FHR tracings. The postintervention group delivered from March 20 to July 31, 2020. Exclusion criteria were planned cesarean delivery, multiple gestations, delivery at less than 24 weeks of gestation, intrauterine fetal death, and patients who received supplemental oxygen for an oxygen saturation lower than 95%. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients who received oxygen in labor analyzed by control charts and the rules of special cause variation. Chi-squared and t tests were used for secondary outcome assessment. P<.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,333 patients were included, 474 patients in the preintervention group and 859 in the postintervention group. Oxygen was administered to 22.6% of patients before guideline implementation, compared with 0.6% after the guideline. Special cause variation was detected with an 8-point shift starting the month that the guideline was implemented, indicating statistical significance. There were no differences in any studied secondary maternal or fetal outcomes, although our statistical power to detect differences in infrequent outcomes was limited.

CONCLUSION:
This quality-improvement study demonstrated significant adherence to the guideline that supplemental oxygen would no longer be given to patients with category II FHR tracings in the absence of maternal hypoxemia, with no significant change in maternal or perinatal outcomes.
Pro-pigmentary action of 5-fluorouracil through the stimulated secretion of CXCL12 by dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Liao Zhi-Kai , Hu Shuang-Hai , Han Bin-Yu , Qiu Xie , Jiang Shan , Lei Tie-Chi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
There is growing evidence that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with therapeutic trauma can effectively induce skin repigmentation in vitiligo patients who are unresponsive to conventional treatments. Previous studies have mainly focused on identifying the antimitotic activity of 5-FU for the treatment of skin cancer, but few studies have investigated its extra-genotoxic actions favoring melanocyte recruitment.

Methods:
We utilized the full thickness excisional skin wound model in Dct-LacZ transgenic mice to dynamically assess the migration of melanocytes in the margins of wounds treated with or without 5-FU. The in-situ expression of CXCL12 was examined in the wound beds using immunofluorescence staining. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of CXCL12 mRNA and protein in primary mouse dermal fibroblasts treated with or without 5-FU. Transwell assays and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-phalloidin staining were used to observe cell migration and filamentous actin (F-actin) changes of melan-a murine melanocytes.

Results:
Whole mount and cryosection X-gal staining showed that the cell numbers of LacZ-positive melanocytes were much higher in the margins of dorsal and tail skin wounds treated with 5-FU compared with the controls. Meanwhile, CXCL12 immunostaining was significantly increased in the dermal compartment of wounds treated with 5-FU (control vs. 5-FU, 22.47 ± 8.85 vs. 44.69 ± 5.97, P < 0.05). Moreover, 5-FU significantly upregulated the expression levels of CXCL12 mRNA (control vs. 5-FU, 1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 1.54 ± 0.06, P < 0.05) and protein (control vs. 5-FU, 1.00 ± 0.06 vs. 2.93 ± 0.10, P < 0.05) in cultured fibroblasts. Inhibition of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis suppressed melanocyte migration in vitro using a CXCL12 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100).

Conclusion:
5-FU possesses a pro-pigmentary activity through activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis to drive the chemotactic migration of melanocytes.
Computed tomography-identified phenotypes of small airway obstructions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Li Tao , Zhou Hao-Peng , Zhou Zhi-Jun , Guo Li-Quan , Zhou Linfu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characteristic of small airway inflammation, obstruction, and emphysema. It is well known that spirometry alone cannot differentiate each separate component. Computed tomography (CT) is widely used to determine the extent of emphysema and small airway involvement in COPD. Compared with the pulmonary function test, small airway CT phenotypes can accurately reflect disease severity in patients with COPD, which is conducive to improving the prognosis of this disease. CT measurement of central airway morphology has been applied in clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic investigations as an inference of the presence and severity of small airway disease. This review will focus on presenting the current knowledge and methodologies in chest CT that aid in identifying discrete COPD phenotypes.
Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Healthy Young Children and Adolescents and a Two-step Approach for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection in Chengdu, China
Authors: Jia Jihang , Chen Dapeng , Liu Li , Siddiqui Mohd Jaish , Yang Fan , Zhu Yu , Liao Qiong , Luo Shuanghong , Shu Min , Wen Yang , Gao Lihong , Li Xu , Long Lilin , Peng Xiaoshan , Li Weiran , Liu Yang , Xu Wanting , Han Qian , Wu Huaiyong , Guo Jiarong , Du Xi , Guo Qin , Wan Chaomin 
Published: September 2021

Background:
China has a high burden of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of LTBI among healthy young children and adolescents and test a 2-step approach to explore the threshold for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in Chengdu, China.

Methods:
Healthy preschool children and school-going children in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, were screened for LTBI using the tuberculin skin test (TST). Preschool children with TST ≥ 5 mm also underwent interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) to explore the threshold of this 2-step approach.

Results:
In total, 5667 healthy young children and adolescents completed TST test between July 2020 and January 2021 and were included in the present analysis. The age of the participants ranged from 2.4 to 18 years (median 7.25 ± 4.514 years), of which 2093 (36.9%) were younger than 5 years. The overall prevalence of LTBI was 6.37% and 6.64% in children younger than 5 years old. Fourteen of the 341 preschool children with TST ≥5 mm were interferon-γ release assay positive, of which 4 showed a TST result of 5–10 mm, and 6 preschool children received preventive treatment for LTBI.

Conclusions:
Healthy young children and adolescents should also be considered as important target populations for LTBI screening. TST can be recommended for first-line screening as part of a 2-step approach for LTBI screening using a positive threshold of 5 mm.