bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent and Joint Associations Between Leisure Time Physical Activity and Strength Activities With Mortality Outcomes in Older Adults At least 65 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nie Jing , Haberstroh Michelle , Acosta Tania , Huang Wentao , Wang Yafeng , Barengo Noël C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Scientific evidence regarding the combined effect of both aerobic leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and muscle-strengthening activities on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), or cancer mortality in older adults is scant. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between recommended physical activity and mortality in adults 65 years or older. This prospective cohort study used data from the National Health Interview Surveys from 1997 to 2013 linked with mortality files through December 31, 2015 (n = 89 962). The main outcomes included all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The main exposure variables were aerobic LTPA and guideline-concordant strength training during leisure time. Cox regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Muscle-strengthening activity at least twice per week were associated with lower hazards of all-cause mortality (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88–0.96), CVD mortality (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.81–0.99), and cancer mortality (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79–0.96). Those who reached the recommended weekly amount of LTPA had a lower hazard of all-cause mortality by 35% (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.63–0.67), the hazard of CVD by 38% (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.58–0.67), and cancer mortality by 22% (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.73–0.84). The hazard of death among those who were physically active in both leisure time and engaged in muscle-strengthening activities was 0.57 (95% CI 0.54–0.60) for all-cause mortality, 0.53 (95% CI 0.47–0.61) for CVD mortality, and 0.66 (95% CI 0.58–0.75) for cancer mortality. Thus, engaging in muscle-strengthening activity at least 2 times/week may provide additional benefits among physically active older adults.
Lower Risk for Dementia Following Adult Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination
Authors: Scherrer Jeffrey F , Salas Joanne , Wiemken Timothy L , Jacobs Christine , Morley John E , Hoft Daniel F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Adult vaccinations may reduce risk for dementia. However, it has not been established whether tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccination is associated with incident dementia.

Methods
Hypotheses were tested in a Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) cohort and replicated in a MarketScan medical claims cohort. Patients were at least 65 years of age and free of dementia for 2 years prior to index date. Patients either had or did not have a Tdap vaccination by the start of either of the 2 index periods (2011 or 2012). Follow-up continued through 2018. Controls had no Tdap vaccination for the duration of follow-up. Confounding was controlled using entropy balancing. Competing risk (VHA) and Cox proportional hazard (MarketScan) models estimated the association between Tdap vaccination and incident dementia in all patients and age subgroups (65–69, 70–74, and ≥75 years).

Results
VHA patients were, on average, 75.6 (SD ± 7.5) years of age, 4% female, and 91.2% were White. MarketScan patients were 69.8 (SD ± 5.6) years of age, on average and 65.4% were female. After controlling for confounding, patients with, compared to without, Tdap vaccination had a significantly lower risk for dementia in both cohorts (VHA: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.54–0.63 and MarketScan: HR = 0.58; 95% CI:0.48–0.70).

Conclusions
Tdap vaccination was associated with a 42% lower dementia risk in 2 cohorts with different clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Several vaccine types are linked to decreased dementia risk, suggesting that these associations are due to nonspecific effects on inflammation rather than vaccine-induced pathogen-specific protective effects.
Geomagnetic semblance and dipolar–multipolar transition in top-heavy double-diffusive geodynamo models
Authors: Tassin Théo , Gastine Thomas , Fournier Alexandre 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Convection in the liquid outer core of the Earth is driven by thermal and chemical perturbations. The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of double-diffusive convection on magnetic field generation by means of 3-D global geodynamo models, in the so-called ‘top-heavy’ regime of double-diffusive convection, when both thermal and compositional background gradients are destabilizing. Using a linear eigensolver, we begin by confirming that, compared to the standard single-diffusive configuration, the onset of convection is facilitated by the addition of a second buoyancy source. We next carry out a systematic parameter survey by performing 79 numerical dynamo simulations. We show that a good agreement between simulated magnetic fields and the geomagnetic field can be attained for any partitioning of the convective input power between its thermal and chemical components. On the contrary, the transition between dipole-dominated and multipolar dynamos is found to strongly depend on the nature of the buoyancy forcing. Classical parameters expected to govern this transition, such as the local Rossby number—a proxy of the ratio of inertial to Coriolis forces—or the degree of equatorial symmetry of the flow, fail to capture the dipole breakdown. A scale-dependent analysis of the force balance instead reveals that the transition occurs when the ratio of inertial to Lorentz forces at the dominant length scale reaches 0.5, regardless of the partitioning of the buoyancy power. The ratio of integrated kinetic to magnetic energy Ek/Em provides a reasonable proxy of this force ratio. Given that Ek/Em ≈ 10−4 − 10−3 in the Earth’s core, the geodynamo is expected to operate far from the dipole–multipole transition. It hence appears that the occurrence of geomagnetic reversals is unlikely related to dramatic and punctual changes of the amplitude of inertial forces in the Earth’s core, and that another mechanism must be sought.
Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies identified heterogeneous loci associated with differences of allele frequency and regulome tagging between participants of European descent and other ancestry groups from the UK Biobank
Authors: De Lillo Antonella , D'Antona Salvatore , Pathak Gita A , Wendt Frank R , De Angelis Flavio , Fuciarelli Maria , Polimanti Renato 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To investigate cross-ancestry genetics of complex traits, we conducted a phenome-wide analysis of loci with heterogeneous effects across African, Admixed-American, Central/South Asian, East Asian, European and Middle Eastern participants of the UK Biobank (N = 441 331). Testing 843 phenotypes, we identified 82 independent genomic regions mapping variants showing genome-wide significant (GWS) associations (P &lt; 5 × 10−8) in the trans-ancestry meta-analysis and GWS heterogeneity among the ancestry-specific effects. These included (i) loci with GWS association in one ancestry and concordant but heterogeneous effects among the other ancestries and (ii) loci with a GWS association in one ancestry group and an experiment-wide significant discordant effect (P &lt; 6.1 × 10−4) in at least another ancestry. Since the trans-ancestry GWS associations were mostly driven by the European ancestry sample size, we investigated the differences of the allele frequency (ΔAF) and linkage disequilibrium regulome tagging (ΔLD) between European populations and the other ancestries. Within loci with concordant effects, the degree of heterogeneity was associated with European–Middle Eastern ΔAF (P = 9.04 × 10−6) and ΔLD of European populations with respect to African, Admixed-American and Central/South Asian groups (P = 8.21 × 10−4, P = 7.17 × 10−4 and P = 2.16 × 10−3, respectively). Within loci with discordant effects, ΔAF and ΔLD of European populations with respect to African and Central/South Asian ancestries were associated with the degree of heterogeneity (ΔAF: P = 7.69 × 10−3 and P = 5.31 × 10−3, ΔLD: P = 0.016 and P = 2.65 × 10−4, respectively). Considering the traits associated with cross-ancestry heterogeneous loci, we observed enrichments for blood biomarkers (P = 5.7 × 10−35) and physical appearance (P = 1.38 × 10−4). This suggests that these specific phenotypic classes may present considerable cross-ancestry heterogeneity owing to large allele frequency and LD variation among worldwide populations.
Comparative analysis of zooplankton diversities and compositions estimated from complement DNA and genomic DNA amplicons, metatranscriptomics, and morphological identifications
Authors: Machida Ryuji J , Kurihara Haruko , Nakajima Ryota , Sakamaki Takashi , Lin Ya-Ying , Furusawa Kazushi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCommunity-based diversity analyses, such as metabarcoding, are increasingly popular in the field of metazoan zooplankton community ecology. However, some of the methodological uncertainties remain, such as the potential inflation of diversity estimates resulting from contamination by pseudogene sequences. Furthermore, primer affinity to specific taxonomic groups might skew community composition and structure during PCR. In this study, we estimated OTU (operational taxonomic unit) richness, Shannon’s H’, and the phylum-level community composition of samples from a coastal zooplankton community using four approaches: complement DNA (cDNA) and genomic DNA (gDNA) mitochondrial COI (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I) gene amplicon, metatranscriptome sequencing, and morphological identification. Results of mismatch distribution demonstrated that 90% is good threshold percentage to differentiate intra- and inter-species. Moderate level of correlations appeared upon comparing the species/OTU richness estimated from the different methods. Results strongly indicated that diversity inflation occurred in the samples amplified from gDNA because of mitochondrial pseudogene contamination (overall, gDNA produced two times more richness compared with cDNA amplicons). The unique community compositions observed in the PCR-based methods indicated that taxonomic amplification bias had occurred during the PCR. Therefore, it is recommended that PCR-free approaches be used whenever resolving community structure represents an essential aspect of the analysis.
A pooled analysis of pacemaker implantation after Perceval sutureless aortic valve replacement
Authors: Moscarelli Marco , Santarpino Giuseppe , Athanasiou Thanos , Mastroroberto Pasquale , Fattouch Khalil , Nasso Giuseppe , Speziale Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We performed a literature meta-analysis to estimate the rate of pacemaker implantation after Perceval sutureless aortic valve replacement.

METHODS
Pertinent articles were identified from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE databases. Eligible studies reported the de novo incidence of postoperative pacemaker implantation after Perceval valve surgery. Among 394 articles retrieved, 26 studies including 9492 patients met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS
The pooled event rate for postoperative pacemaker implantation was 7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6–9%]; however, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies. In a sub-analysis, there was no difference between the rates of pacemaker implantation calculated from multicentre and registry studies (8 studies, 6845 patients; 7%, 95% CI 5–10%) and single-centre studies (18 studies, 2647 patients; 7%, 95% CI 5–9%; P = 0.75). Implantation rates were similar in high-volume studies (16 studies, 9121 patients; 7%, 95% CI 5–8%) than in low-volume studies (10 studies, 371 patients; pooled rate: 7%, 95% CI 4–14%; P = 0.5). Postoperative pacemaker implantation rates tended to decrease over time.

CONCLUSIONS
With a pooled event rate of 7%, postoperative pacemaker implantation remains an important limitation of Perceval sutureless valve surgery, although we observed a degree of variability across included studies. The resultant findings provide a useful estimate for physicians and patients and can serve as a benchmark for future comparative studies.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020188397.
An ex vivo evaluation of two different suture techniques for the Ozaki aortic neocuspidization procedure
Authors: Saisho Hiroyuki , Scharfschwerdt Michael , Schaller Tim , Reil Jan Christian , Ensminger Stephan , Fujita Buntaro , Aboud Anas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the Ozaki procedure using a single interrupted suture technique (SST) and compared this with the standard continuous suture technique (CST) with regard to hydrodynamic valve performance. In addition, both techniques were compared with the native aortic valve (NAV).

METHODS
Effective orifice area, mean pressure gradient and leakage volume were evaluated in the NAV as well as after an Ozaki procedure using SST or CST in fresh swine aortic roots using a mock circulation loop. The NAV, SST and CST were evaluated under 4 defined hydrodynamic conditions.

RESULTS
Both suture techniques resulted in a similar effective orifice area under all conditions [for stroke volume of 70 ml: SST: 1.50 (1.35–1.87) vs CST: 1.57 (1.41–1.72) cm2, P = 0.8] and there were no significant differences between both suture techniques and the NAV (P &gt; 0.05). Regarding mean pressure gradient, the Ozaki procedure with SST and CST showed no significant differences [7.23 (5.53–8.91) vs 7.04 (6.65–7.60) mmHg, P = 0.72] and there was no significant difference between both suture techniques and the NAV (P &gt; 0.1). In leakage volume, there was no significant difference between SST and CST [4.49 (3.91–4.99) vs CST: 4.23 (3.58–4.87) ml/stroke, P = 0.34].

CONCLUSIONS
The Ozaki procedure with SST performed similarly to that with CST with regard to hydrodynamic performance. Our results suggest that the Ozaki procedure can be performed with SST instead of CST, which may be useful in patients with limited surgical exposure, such as a small annulus.
Quality of life and lung function after pleurectomy/decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Nakamichi Toru , Hashimoto Masaki , Nakamura Akifumi , Kuroda Ayumi , Tanaka Takashi , Takeuchi Jiro , Matsumoto Seiji , Morimoto Takeshi , Kondo Nobuyuki , Domen Kazuhisa , Hasegawa Seiki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Impact of pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) on quality of life (QOL) is not widely reported. We investigated QOL and lung function after P/D.

METHODS
A single-centre, retrospective cohort study was performed among patients who underwent P/D for malignant mesothelioma between June 2014 and June 2018 at Hyogo College of Medicine. Data at 4 points before and 3, 6 and 12 months on QOL and lung function were evaluated with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and pulmonary function tests.

RESULTS
Forty-five out of 65 patients completed SF-36. Physical function and role physical decreased from 78 to 65 and 69 to 41 and did not recover. Body pain decreased from 74 to 52. It increased to 62 at 12 months but was lower than before. General health perceptions, vitality and social function decreased from 56 to 49, 50 to 47 and 63 to 50, respectively, but returned to baseline. Role emotional decreased from 75 to 54, then once increased to 63, but decreased again to 58. Mental health tended to improve from 58 to 70. Thirty-eight patients out of 45 completed pulmonary function tests. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s decreased from 98% to 61% and 93% to 67% and did not increase. Right-sided surgery or complications was the risk factors of poor lung function but no significant risk factors in QOL.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that P/D had an impact on QOL. Despite the lack of recovery in lung function QOL in mental aspects tended to improve, suggesting that pulmonary function tests alone are limited in assessing QOL.
Validation of QuEChERS Method Coupled with LC-MS/MS for Determination of Thiamethoxam and its Metabolites in Wheat and Soil
Authors: Rasool Rozy , Kang Balpreet Kaur , Mandal Kousik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been widely accepted for the control of sucking and certain chewing pests. Through different routes, i.e., wind drift, leaching, and surface runoff, it can reach non-target areas, which include humans as well. Therefore the fate of thiamethoxam in food grains and soil is of prime importance, entailing a need for pesticide use to be subject to steady observation.

Objective
The review aimed to validate the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method for the detection of thiamethoxam and its metabolites in wheat leaves, grain, straw, and soil using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Method
The QuEChERS method allows sample extraction by acetonitrile followed by cleanup with a primary secondary amine sorbent, magnesium sulphate, and graphitized carbon black. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, matrix match, accuracy, and precision. The estimation of residues was done by LC-MS/MS.

Results
The recovery of thiamethoxam and its metabolites in wheat and soil samples was in the range of 81.22–98.14%. The LOQ for thiamethoxam and its metabolites was 0.01 mg/kg. The matrix effect values were in the acceptable range of –20 to +20%.

Conclusions
The method allows a simple and fast extraction of thiamethoxam and its metabolites from wheat leaves, grain, straw, and soil. It could be helpful in the evaluation of regulatory and food safety decisions regarding the use of neonicotinoids.

Highlights
The method was validated according to the European Commission SANTE/12682/2019 guidelines. An accurate, simple, and sensitive analytical method was validated for thiamethoxam and its metabolites.
A comparison of the release of phosphorus by a phytase enzyme in pigs fed diets deficient or adequate in phosphorus content
Authors: Olsen Kristin M , Gould Stacie A , Patience John F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Previous research indicated that phytase may release less phosphorus (P) from phytate when it is evaluated using diets with P levels above requirement as compared with diets below requirement. The objectives of this experiment were to further test the hypothesis that the P release values determined for phytase are higher when pigs are fed diets that are deficient (DE) in P compared with when they are fed diets that are adequate (AD) in P, and that phytase will increase the digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) independent of dietary P status. Twenty-four barrows (body weight: 23.2 ± 1.8 kg) were randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments and housed in individual pens for 21 d and then moved to metabolism crates for 9 d, with the collection of urine and feces occurring on the final 5 d. A basal corn–soybean meal diet (P-AD) was formulated at 0.36% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P and total calcium:STTD P (Ca:STTD P) of 2:1. A P-DE diet was also formulated to maintain a constant Ca:STTD P of 2:1 in both basal diets. Phytase was added to AD and DE diets at 350, 600, 1,000 phytase units (FYT)/kg. Pig was the experimental unit; diet (P-AD or P-DE), phytase level, and replicate were fixed effects. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of phytase within P-AD and P-DE diets. Phytase improved apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and STTD of P in both P-AD (linear P &lt; 0.001) and P-DE diets (quadratic P &lt; 0.001). Estimates for STTD P release were 0.07%, 0.09%, and 0.09% for 350, 600, and 1,000 phytase units (FYT)/kg in P-DE diets, and 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.05% in P-AD diets, respectively. In P-DE diets, phytase improved absorption and retention of P and increased urinary excretion of P (quadratic P &lt; 0.001). In P-AD diets, phytase improved absorption of P (linear P = 0.066), tended to improve retention (linear P = 0.066), and increased urinary excretion of P (quadratic P = 0.021). Phytase improved ATTD of Ca in P-DE diets (quadratic P = 0.002) but not in P-AD diets (P &gt; 0.1). In conclusion, the release of P by phytase is lower in diets that are AD in P than those which are DE. Phytase increased the availability of Ca only in the diets DE in P. Finally, phytase increased the ATTD of DM and tended to increase the ATTD of energy, independent of dietary P status.
Behavior, blood stress indicators, skin lesions, and meat quality in pigs transported to slaughter at different loading densities
Authors: Urrea Valentina Montoya , Bridi Ana Maria , Ceballos Maria Camila , Paranhos da Costa Mateus J R , Faucitano Luigi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A total of 1,936 pigs were transported through 8 trips (8.4 ± 0.5 hr) from 2 grow-to-finish farms to a commercial slaughter plant, all located in Southern Brazil. On each trip, a sub-sample of each load (36 barrows/load, weighing 118.9 ± 9.8 kg) was randomly allocated into one of the following loading densities during transport: 200 kg/m2 (D200), 235 kg/m2 (D235), and 270 kg/m2 (D270). Behavioral recordings of postures and activities were made during transportation and lairage using video-cameras. At slaughter, blood samples were collected to assess the concentrations of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate. Carcass weights and skin lesion scores were assessed on-line, and meat quality was evaluated in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle by assessing pH, color, and drip loss. During transportation, the proportion of animals lying down was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in D200 and D235 groups compared with D270. The proportion of sitting animals during transportation was higher (P &lt; 0.01) in D270 compared with D200. In lairage, D200 and D235 pigs stood more compared with D270 (P = 0.01), while the proportion of lying pigs was higher (P = 0.02) for D270 pigs compared with D200 and D235. The frequency of drinking bouts in lairage was higher (P &lt; 0.05) for D200 group compared with D235 and D270. The levels of CK were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in D200 pigs transported compared with D270. Lesion scores tended to be higher (P = 0.06) in D270 carcasses compared with D200 and D235. A tendency for lower (P = 0.10) pH1 values in the LT muscle of D270 pigs compared with D200 pigs was also found. Based on the results of this study, the application of lower loading densities (≤235 kg/m2) in the truck allows pigs to have sufficient space to rest, travel more comfortably and arrive less fatigued at the slaughter plant.