bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCD2-mediated monounsaturated fatty acid metabolism regulates cGAS-STING-dependent type I IFN in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Kanno Toshio , Nakajima Takahiro , Yokoyama Satoru , Asou Hikari , Sasamoto Shigemi , Kamii Yasuhiro , Hayashizaki Koji , Ouchi Yasuo , Onodera Taishi , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Kinjo Yuki , Ohara Osamu , Nakayama Toshinori , Endo Yusuke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Intimate interactions exist between the host lipid metabolism and viral responses. However, how acquired immune systems adapt lipid metabolism to meet demands and whether or not the metabolic rewiring confers a selective advantage in host immunity remains unclear. We found that viral infection attenuated the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in CD4+ T cells, which in turn increased the anti-viral gene expression. The inhibition of the fatty acid synthesis pathway substantially increased the basal expression of anti-viral genes via the spontaneous production of type I interferon. Using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology and a global lipidomics analysis, we found that the decreased monounsaturated fatty acid by genetic deletion of Scd2 was crucial for the induction of an anti-viral response through the activation of cGAS-STING pathway. These findings demonstrate the novel relationship between fatty acid biosynthesis and type I IFN responses that enhances the anti-viral response.
Longitudinal imaging of VIP interneurons reveals sup-population specific effects of stroke that can be rescued with chemogenetic therapy
Authors: Motaharinia Mohamad , Gerrow Kimberly , Boghozian Roobina , White Emily , Choi Sun-Eui , Brown Craig 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Stroke profoundly disrupts cortical excitability which impedes recovery, but how it affects the function of specific inhibitory interneurons, or subpopulations therein, is poorly understood. Interneurons expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) represent an intriguing stroke target because they can regulate cortical excitability through disinhibition. Here we chemogenetically augmented VIP interneuron excitability after stroke to show that it enhances somatosensory responses and improves recovery of paw function. Using longitudinal calcium imaging, we discovered that stroke primarily disrupts the fidelity (fraction of responsive trials) and predictability of sensory responses within a subset of highly active VIP neurons. Partial recovery of responses occurred largely within these active neurons and was not accompanied by the recruitment of minimally active neurons. Importantly, chemogenetic stimulation preserved sensory response fidelity and predictability in highly active neurons. These findings provide a new depth of understanding into how stroke and prospective therapies (chemogenetics), can influence subpopulations of inhibitory interneurons.
Mathematical Modelling of a Novel Hetero-junction SIS&nbsp;Front Surface and Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cell
Authors: Dasgupta Kaustuv , Mondal Anup , Ray Soma , Gangopadhyay Utpal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we have proposed the design and fabrication of a novel hetero junction SIS front surface and interdigitated back contact solar cell. We have approximated the performance parameters and loss analysis of the proposed solar cell by using MATLAB software programming. Many groups of scientists have reported the experimental analysis of a-Si back contact interdigitated solar cell in different studies. Many silicon hetero junction solar cell design and results have been reported with some promising efficiency in last few decades. In this study a high life time(~2 ms) n-Si substrate was considered so that a sufficient amount of light generated career can reach to the interdigitated layer to get absorbed. The availability of the careers at the interdigitated back surface was further enhanced by considering and high-low junction at the front surface created by a ZnO n+ layer at the front surface. A very thin layer of thermally generated insulator SiO2 was considered in between ZnO and n-Si. This layer improves the detrimental effect of interface defects. This is the first time we have theorized interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell using metal oxide semiconductors layer deposition avoiding the expensive and complicated doping and diffusion process. In general a high concentration n+ layer is doped to create the high-low junction at front to accelerate the carriers to the back junctions. We are proposing a cost effective thermal deposition of SiO2 layer followed by sol-gel ZnO layer deposition which serves the same purpose of an n+ layer by introducing an SIS junction potential at front. The interdigitated back surface was designed with subsequent n+ a:Si and p+ a:Si vertical junctions.
Effects of Leadership Styles on Quality of Health Services
Authors: Warri Denis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Leadership and quality of services have been linked together, where both influence each other in a significant manner. Effective leadership in the field of healthcare has attracted research attention over the last few years. One of the key areas of focus by the Cameroon government, which is believed to better the country's health care sector, has been the quality of leadership. Claims have been made that the most effective way of achieving high-quality service delivery would be through strong leadership. On the other hand, the strength of the leadership within an organization was linked to the type of leadership style adopted by the organization. Therefore, it is paramount that research is conducted to assess the link between the type of leadership style and the quality of services among health workers.
Methods

The study used a descriptive research design with a simple random size of 150 health workers of the CBCHS. Data were collected using closed-ended questions and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics™ Version 20. Inferential statistics were used to determine the effects of leadership style on the performance of health workers. The mean comparison of quality scores across the different types of leadership styles was using One Way ANOVA.
Results

The most common leadership style among the hospitals of the CBCHS is the transformational leadership style followed by task-focused, person-focused, transactional, and passive-laissez-faire. Transformational leadership style was associated with higher scores for maintaining good public relations and customer care than other leadership styles. The effect of leadership styles on the quality of work was not confirmed as the results were not statistically significant.
Conclusion

Leadership styles play a critical role in improving the quality of work in healthcare settings. Health-related outcomes differ from one setting to another based on the different leadership styles. Although the effect of leadership style on the quality of work was not statistically significant, further studies should explore the role of leadership in influencing other organizational parameters such as motivation and quality of care expectations.
Study on the Density, Hydrostatic Setting Velocity and Locomotion of Biomphalaria Straminea
Authors: Min Fengyang , Wang Jiasheng , Li Shizhu , Chen Jiazhou , Xu Xingjian , Yuan Yi , Guo Yunhai , Chen Muxin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
[Background]Schistosomiasis mansoni is one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases transmitted by snails of the genus Biomphalaria . The pla norbid freshwater snail Biomphalaria straminea as an invasive vector is expanding its geographic range for its great dispersal capacity in Gonuangdong Province, causing potential risk of an epidemic of S. mansoni in southern China . Previous studies have mainly focus ed on the environmental factors that affect B straminea’ s distribution, but few studies have looked at its hydraulic characteristics for the water conservancy control. This stud y explored its primary parameters of the hydraulics characteristic s including density, hydrostatic setting velocity and l ocomotion in different water depth to evaluate its peculiar dispersion characteristics in natural environment. [Methods] The density and hydrostatic setting velocity of B. stramine were measured by the drainage volume method and setting tube method, respectively. T he behavior and distribution characteristics of B. stramine in different water depths were observed by the Plexiglas tube method and the effect s of hydrostatic pressure on the climbing speed of B. stramine were also analyzed. [Results] Our results show that the average density of the B. stramine is 1.08 g/cm 3 . The hydrostatic setting velocity of B. stramine is between 2.32 cm/s and 12.92 cm/s in the water , there is no significant difference betwe en the settling velocity and their shape type. In the Plexiglas tubes with different depths, we noted that the locomotion can occur in six manners. The B. stramine distribute mainly along the surface and at the bottom layer of the tubes and the proportion of the B. stramine on the surface water generally raised as time increase d. Also, we observed the climbing speed of B. stramine at different water depth, and obtained the regression equation of the hydrostatic pressure and their climbing speed of the B. stramine . It revealed that the climbing speed of B. stramine increases first and then decreases with the water depth increase, and reaches the maximum when the water depth at 120cm. [Conclusion] The findings of this study indicate that there are si gnificant differen ces between the 50 density , the hydrostatic setting velocity and climbing speed of B. stramine compared with 51 Oncomelania hupensis . Future studies should be conducted more intensive on h ydraulics 52 characteristics of B . straminea and thus establish adequ ate water conservancy measures to control 53 its dispersion
Eliminating Vascular Obstruction in Myocardial Infarction by Accelerated Ferromagnetic Microrobot
Authors: Moghanizadeh Abbas , Khanzadi Milad , Rajabi Mandana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

vascular obstruction by clots is one of the main reasons of cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction. There is a short time, less than 6 minutes, to establish the blood flow, especially in vital organs. While conventional techniques are not very fast and effective, current micro-robots have inherent limitations such as being slow to achieving this goal.
Objective

There is a strong requirement to develop microrobots with new principles that can quickly eliminate clot blockage in the vascular. The aim of this study is to evaluate, in-vitro, the efficiency of accelerated ferromagnetic micro-robots in destroying blood clots in an artificial vascular precipitately.
Methods

An artificial graft with a diameter of 10 mm were used as the vessel. Blood clots with various lengths (5*10 and 10*10 and 20*10mm3 (dimeter*length)) are formed inside the graft. Microrobots made of steel with a length of 1 mm and a width of 0.05 mm are utilized. Besides, an electromagnetic accelerator is prototyped to instantly raise the magnetic field, which accelerates the magnetic micro-robot toward the blocked artery. Blood clots with various lengths (5*10 and 10*10 and 20*10mm3(Dimeter*length)) are formed inside the tube. The effect of voltage from 100 to 400 volts on destroying different lengths of clot has been studied.
Results

The microrobot enables to destroy the clot and reopen the vessel in a fraction of a second. By increasing the voltage from 100 to 400 volt, the micro-robot is able to destroy clots with longer lengths from 5 to 30 mm.
Conclusion

results confirm that accelerated microbes have a unique potential in piercing clots to reestablish blood flow.
The Stromal Vascular Fraction Mitigates Radiation-induced Gastro-intestinal Syndrome in Mice
Authors: Bensemmane Lydia , Squiban Claire , Demarquay Christelle , Mathieu Noëlle , Benderitter Marc , Milliat Fabien , Linard Christine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The intestine is particularly sensitive to moderate-high radiation dose and the development of gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS) leads to the rapid loss of intestinal mucosal integrity, resulting in bacterial infiltration, sepsis that comprise patient survival. There is an urgent need for effective and rapid therapeutic countermeasures. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived from adipose tissue is an easily accessible source of cells with angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. We studied the therapeutic impact of SVF and its action on the intestinal stem cell compartment.Methods: Mice exposed to the abdominal radiation (18 Gy) received a single intravenous injection of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) (2.5*106 cells), obtained by enzymatic digestion of inguinal fat tissue, on the day of irradiation. Mortality was evaluated as well as intestinal regeneration by histological analyses and absorption function. Results: The SVF treatment limited the weight loss of the mice and inhibited the intestinal permeability and mortality after abdominal irradiation. Histological analyses showed that SVF treatment stimulated the regeneration of the epithelium by promoting numerous enlarged hyperproliferative zones. SVF restored CD24+/lysozyme- and Paneth cell populations in the ISC compartment with the presence of Paneth Ki67+ cells. SVF has an anti-inflammatory effect by repressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing M2 macrophages in the ileum and anti-inflammatory monocyte subtypes CD11b+Ly6clowCX3CR1high in the spleen. Conclusions: Through the pleiotropic effects that contribute to limiting radiation-induced lethality, SVF opens up attractive prospects for the treatment of emergency GIS.
Molecular Theory Considering Nuclear Potential Wells
Authors: Zadeh Dariush Habibollah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article introduces potential wells around nuclei and their roles in chemical bonds. The approach uses one-electron Bohr atomic model concept. Multi-electron atoms are converted to one-electron atoms by grounding all inactive, non-reacting electrons using the Apparent Nuclear Charge (ANC) and Electron Shielding Effect (ESE) concepts introduced in earlier publications. Then the resulting two one-electron atoms and their potential wells are utilized to obtain the related chemical bond length. The methodology is applicable to all elements of periodic table without a need for any additional tool. To test the concept, calculated bond lengths were compared to experimental ones for about 90 different bonds which showed an average error of less than 5%. The article discusses some nontraditional views for chemical bonds which may contradict the traditional beliefs in chemistry. Hopefully, readers would consider the calculated results in support of the presented views. Attached to this article is a computer software program which was prepared with sample input and output files for readers. The software can be utilized to obtain any interested bond length. The software is applicable to all elements in the periodic table up to the element Hassium with the atomic number of 108.
Intention to use and its predictors towards preconception care utilization among reproductive age women in Mizan-Aman town, Bench-Sheko Zone, southwest Ethiopia, 2020: Based on Theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Setegn Melsew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: World health organization recommended the universal package of preconception care. The government of Ethiopia gives the emphasis to maternal and child health but the progress of its improvement is too slow. Most studies in Ethiopia were on maternal health during pregnancy and after deliver but none of the study on women’s intention to use preconception care based on theory of planned behavior, hence this study aimed to determine behavioral intention and its predictors towards preconception care utilization among reproductive age women in Southwest, Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 419 reproductive age women at Mizan-Aman town Southwest Ethiopia. All assumptions of theory of planned behavior (TPB) were considered to measure intention, attitude, perceived social pressure and perceived ability to control circumstances against preconception care utilization. A systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data were collected by interviewer administered structured questionnaire through face to face interview. The collected data were entered Epi-data version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of intention to use preconception care. P-value less than 5% was considered to indicate significant association.Results: A total of 419 women were interviewed with response rate of 98.13%. The mean age of respondents was 34.21 (±6.21) years. Nearly twenty (19.8%) of the respondents were used preconception care previously. The attitude (β =0.320, p=0.0418), subjective norm (β =0.344, p<0.001), perceived behavioral control (β =0.512, p<0.001), indirect subjective norm (β =-0.108, p=0.002) and age of respondents (β =0.046, p=0.020) were the independent predictors of intension to use preconception care.Conclusion: The utilization of preconception care is low in this study. Overall, the intention to use preconception care is the implication of attitude, perceived social pressure and perceived behavioral control confirming the hypothesis of the study. Age is the only socio-demographic variables associated to intention. Health behavior change interventions should focus on empowering women that could enable them to evaluate their control beliefs and develop ability beside social norms and circumstances that compete with the use of preconception care services.
Climate Refugia for Pinus Spp. In Topographic and Bioclimatic Environments of the Madrean Sky Islands of México and the United States&nbsp;
Authors: Haire Sandra L , Villarreal Miguel , Cortés-Montaño Citlali , Flesch Aaron , Iniguez Jose , Romo-Leon Jose Raul , Sanderlin Jamie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ContextRefugia are island-like habitats that are linked to environmental stability. Where topography acts as a deterministic control, microrefugia may continue to function as habitat under reduced rates of climate change. Continental island ecosystems provide propitious settings for identifying patterns of refugia at multiple scales and applying that knowledge to conservation. Objectives Our main objective was to identify microrefugia for pines where habitats are defined by topographic heterogeneity. Secondary aims were to describe climatic variation within microrefugia and examine how species’ response to seasonal climate alters spatial predictions of microrefugia. Methods We investigated how topography forms microrefugia in the Madrean sky islands, located in the borderlands of México and the United States. Our design incorporated pine species presence and absence field observations (P. strobiformis, P. engelmannii and P. chihuahuana, P. arizonica and P. discolor), modeled in relation to terrain, bioclimatic and remote sensing predictors. Results Terrain ruggedness, slope position and aspect defined microrefugia for pines within specific elevation ranges. Some species had narrow habitat preferences (e.g., P. chihuahuana); others exhibited a broader range of tolerance (e.g., P. arizonica). Hotspots of microrefugia were either limited to northern islands or occurred across central or southern latitudes. Response to seasonal climates shifted distributions of hotspots for species with open canopy structure and where regular fires occur. ConclusionsPine habitats with greater climate stability may provide holdouts and stepping-stones critical to species persistence with future change. Networks of refugia provide a promising focus for conservation, restoration, and fire management across a diverse, binational region.
Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone is associated with poor sleep: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Yan Yuerong , Li Jiaqi , Tang Huairong , Wang Youjuan , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Hui , Zhu Leilei , Xiao Zhen , Yu Yerong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Poor sleep and the accompanying TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) elevation are not uncommon since TSH secretion is controlled by the circadian rhythm. However, the true relationship between poor sleep and TSH elevation is unclear, and hence we aimed to elucidate this association by cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
Methods

Participants with isolated elevated and normal TSH concentration were recruited, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI) was used to assess sleep status. The patients with isolated TSH elevation were followed up longitudinally, and TSH levels were remeasured when sleep status improved.
Results

The proportion of poor sleep and occasional poor sleep among subjects with isolated TSH elevation was significantly higher than that in subjects with normal TSH (70.24% vs. 49.58%, p = 0.001; 9.52% vs. 1.68%, p = 0.006), and the ratio of good sleep was obviously decreased in subjects with isolated TSH elevation than normal TSH (20.24% vs. 48.74%, p < 0.001). Patients with isolated TSH elevation had significantly higher PSQI scores in the subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, and habitual sleep efficiency dimensions than subjects with normal TSH (all p < 0.05). In the follow-up study, among patients with isolated TSH elevation at baseline, the ratio of TSH normalization in patients who slept better was significantly higher than that in patients who still slept poorly (85.42% vs. 6.45%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion

This study revealed isolated elevated TSH concentrations tends to normalize when sleep status improves, and we recommend that clinicians inquire about sleep status thoroughly and reexamine thyroid hormone levels when sleep status improves.
Heaps' Law and Vocabulary Richness in the History of Classical Music Harmony
Authors: Serra-Peralta Marc , Serrà Joan , Corral Álvaro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Music is a fundamental human construct, and harmony provides the building blocks of musical language. Using the Kunstderfuge corpus of classical music, we analyze the historical evolution of the richness of harmonic vocabulary of 76 classical composers, covering almost 6 centuries. Such corpus comprises about 9500 pieces, resulting in more than 5 million tokens of music codewords. The fulfilment of Heaps' law for the relation between the size of the harmonic vocabulary of a composer (in codeword types) and the total length of his works (in codeword tokens), with an exponent around 0.35, allows us to define a relative measure of vocabulary richness that has a transparent interpretation. When coupled with the considered corpus, this measure allows us to quantify harmony richness across centuries, unveiling a clear increasing linear trend. In this way, we are able to rank the composers in terms of richness of vocabulary, in the same way as for other related metrics, such as entropy. We find that the latter is particularly highly correlated with our measure of richness. Our approach is not specific for music and can be applied to other systems built by tokens of different types, as for instance natural language.