bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joseph and His Two Wives: Patterns of Cultural Accommodation in the Judæo-Persian Tale of Yusof and Zoleykhā
Authors: Rubanovich Julia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Tale of Yusof and Zoleykhā appears as part of a religious epic poem, the Bereshit-nāma (Book of Genesis), by the fourteenth-century Judæo-Persian poet Shāhin. Composed in 1358–59, in classical Persian with an admixture of Hebraisms and written in Hebrew characters, this tale was enormously popular within Persian-speaking Jewish communities and was frequently copied on its own. The paper focuses on two episodes from this story: Yusof’s marriages to Zoleykhā and to Osnat (Asenath). Shāhin was active in the late Il-khanid and early post-Mongol periods, when new forms of patronage of literary and artistic production emerged seeking to blend different cultural worlds. The poet indeed fashioned unique amalgams of Jewish and Perso-Islamic traditions, both in form and content. The two episodes constitute small case studies for exploring Shāhin’s diverse array of sources and for determining the thematic and structural ramifications of this fusion. The paper pinpoints how Shāhin accommodated and adapted Jewish and Islamic materials and demonstrates that, though Jewish, the poet firmly ensconces himself in a Persianate cultural sphere.
An analysis of tornado warning reception and response across time: leveraging respondent's confidence and a nocturnal tornado climatology
Authors: Krocak Makenzie J. , Allan Jinan N. , Ripberger Joseph T. , Silva Carol L. , Jenkins-Smith Hank C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNocturnal tornadoes are challenging to forecast and even more challenging to communicate. Numerous studies have evaluated the forecasting challenges, but fewer have investigated when and where these events pose the greatest communication challenges. This study seeks to evaluate variation in confidence among US residents in receiving and responding to tornado warnings by hour-of-day. Survey experiment data comes from the Severe Weather and Society Survey, an annual survey of US adults. Results indicate that respondents are less confident about receiving warnings overnight, specifically in the early morning hours (12 AM to 4 AM local time). We then use the survey results to inform an analysis of hourly tornado climatology data. We evaluate where nocturnal tornadoes are most likely to occur during the time frame when residents are least confident in their ability to receive tornado warnings. Results show that the Southeast experiences the highest number of nocturnal tornadoes during the time period of lowest confidence, as well as the largest proportion of tornadoes in that time frame. Finally, we estimate and assess two multiple linear regression models to identify individual characteristics that may influence a respondent’s confidence in receiving a tornado between 12 AM and 4 AM. These results indicate that age, race, weather awareness, weather sources, and the proportion of nocturnal tornadoes in the local area relate to warning reception confidence. The results of this study should help inform policymakers and practitioners about the populations at greatest risk for challenges associated with nocturnal tornadoes. Discussion focuses on developing more effective communication strategies, particularly for diverse and vulnerable populations.
Barriers to Parental Leave During Training: Time for Change
Authors: Bostock Ian C. , Bayley Erin M. , Antonoff Mara B. 
Published: July 2021

Background Standardized parental leave policies for medical trainees are lacking, and barriers may differ among specialties. We aimed to characterize experiences of physicians who became parents during training and to identify particular issues for surgical trainees compared to their non-surgical peers. Methods We distributed an electronic survey to physician parents via social media platforms from 10/2019 to 02/2020. Inclusion required becoming a parent during training. Responses were collected and standard descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. Results Surveys were received from 64 physicians representing diverse specialties: 48 (74%) non-surgical respondents (NSR) and 16 (26%) surgical respondents (SR). Among all respondents, 25 (39%) reported a formal institutional policy for parental leave and 49 (76%) wished for more time off. Overall, respondents took a mean of 7.5 ± 5.2 (range 0-14) weeks of parental leave. However, NSR took 8.7 ± 5.8 weeks, while SR took 4.7 ± 2.7 ( P = .006). Reported barriers to parental leave across specialties included graduation requirements (NSR 58% vs. SR 68% P = .46), peer pressure/perception (NSR 59% vs. SR 58% P = .97), and pressure from institutional leadership (NSR 31% vs. SR 35% P = .77). A substantial portion (28, 43%) of respondents had additional children during training, taking less time off for the second child (5.1 ± 7.4 weeks; 0-12). Conclusion A minority of respondents reported formal institutional parental leave policies, while an overwhelming majority felt that their time off was inadequate. Surgical trainees took shorter parental leaves than their non-surgical counterparts. Cultural and professional changes are crucial in promoting wellness and healthy transitions into parenthood.
The Influence of Police Treatment and Decision-making on Perceptions of Procedural Justice: A Field Study
Authors: Terpstra Bo L. , van Wijck Peter W. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: This study examines whether police behavior that signals higher quality of treatment or decision-making leads to higher perceived procedural justice. Methods: Analyses are based on data collected during police traffic controls of moped drivers in two Dutch cities over a period of six months. Police behavior was measured through systematic social observation (SSO), and data on perceived procedural justice were collected through face-to-face interviews immediately after the encounters. Linear regression analysis with bootstrap estimates was used (n = 218), with an overall perceived procedural justice scale as the dependent variable in all regressions. Independent variables included an overall observed procedural justice index and four separate scales of police treatment and decision-making. Results: We find no evidence that police behavior that signals fairer treatment or decision-making leads to higher perceived procedural justice. Conclusions: Our findings add to the currently very limited empirical evidence on an important question, and raise questions about a central idea, that more procedurally just treatment and decision making by authorities leads to an increase in perceived procedural justice and enhanced compliance. The first of these requires more research.
The Story of Separate Yet Connected Cholesteatomas
Authors: Kairo Arvind Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Manchanda Smita , Verma Ravneet Ravinder 
Published: July 2021

Significance Statement Petrous cholesteatoma is rare but frequently leads to complications. A thorough radiological evaluation helps in identifying the pathology and the extent of disease. Sound anatomical knowledge is vital for the planning of surgical approach to get adequate access without damaging important structures. Presentations in congenital lesions are varied due to the uneven growth model of the temporal bone. To the best of our knowledge, the pattern of involvement in this case has never been reported earlier.
Air leak with COVID-19 – A meta-summary
Authors: Nasa Prashant , Juneja Deven , Jain Ravi 
Published: July 2021

Introduction There are various reports of air leaks with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We undertook a systematic review of all published case reports and series to analyse the types of air leaks in COVID-19 and their outcomes. Methods The literature search from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was performed from the start of the pandemic till 31 March 2021. The inclusion criteria were case reports or series on (1) laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, (2) with the individual patient details, and (3) reported diagnosis of one or more air leak syndrome (pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, pneumopericardium). Results A total of 105 studies with 188 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age was 56.02 (SD 15.53) years, 80% males, 11% had previous respiratory disease, and 8% were smokers. Severe or critical COVID-19 was present in 50.6% of the patients. Pneumothorax (68%) was the most common type of air leak. Most patients (56.7%) required intervention with lower mortality (29.1% vs. 44.1%, p = 0.07) and intercostal drain (95.9%) was the preferred interventional management. More than half of the patients developed air leak on spontaneous breathing. The mortality was significantly higher in patients who developed air leak with positive pressure ventilation (49%, p < 0.001) and required escalation of respiratory support (39%, p = 0.006). Conclusion Air leak in COVID-19 can occur spontaneously without positive pressure ventilation, higher transpulmonary pressures, and other risk factors like previous respiratory disease or smoking. The mortality is significantly higher if associated with positive pressure ventilation and escalation of respiratory support.
Occupational Challenges in Physicians with Substance Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shadakshari Darshan , Muliyala Krishna Prasad , Jayarajan Deepak , Kandasamy Arun 
Published: July 2021

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) in physicians impact their professional responsibilities toward patients. Understanding the difficulties of physicians with SUDs would facilitate early identification and reduce the complications they face in various domains, particularly in settings where there are no physician-health care programs. In this background, we aimed to understand the challenges physicians with SUDs face at their workplace. Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews of 21 physicians receiving treatment from a tertiary care addiction medicine center for their SUD were conducted and, based on the transcripts from the interview after coding and recoding, through inductive content analysis, themes and subthemes were identified. Results: The following occupational challenges were identified: direct consequences of the psychoactive effect of the substance, adverse effects on clinical care and service delivery, impairment in regularity and punctuality, changes in the physicians’ behaviors, changes in the work environment and diverse responses of colleagues and the hospital administration toward substance use-related actions, ethical issues at workplace, and effects on career growth. Conclusions: SUDs in physicians have a significant impact on their functioning at work, affecting patient care, interpersonal relationships as well as career growth. Knowledge of occupational challenges among physicians with SUD will help us in understanding the severity of the problem.
Ethical Issues in Dementia Research
Authors: Chandra Mina , Harbishettar Vijay , Sawhney Harbandna , Amanullah Shabbir 
Published: July 2021

Dementia is a global public health issue with an urgent need for developing newer and more effective treatment strategies. Research in the area of dementia, however, poses unique ethical and legal challenges. Epidemiological studies, studies on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have to deal with obtaining consent from persons with cognitive impairments, those from diverse cultural groups and need to contend with privacy and confidentiality issues. The caregiver support intervention research has not yet translated into policy change and effective clinical care. Biomedical research that involves invasive procedures may not translate into short- or long-term therapeutic benefits but is necessary research. Palliative care research in dementia has to deal with ethical issues involving people at end-of-life research. Proposed research may not receive approval, citing necessary safeguards to the vulnerable older people against invasive studies even when it is least invasive. This article aims to review the ethical aspects for safeguarding vulnerable older people with dementia and the potential challenges in conducting dementia research from a researcher’s perspective. Some of the safeguards for ethical research include determining capacity to consent, obtaining advanced directives in early stages and proxy consent from caregivers, obtaining informed consent in cognitively impaired individuals. Future research policies need to consider the logistics of involving older people in research, enhancing caregiver support, and encouraging supportive decision-making. It will also need to address developing capacity assessment tools while addressing advanced care planning that will ensure the well-being of subjects in research. Background: Dementia has become a global public health issue, with hospitalization rates being 65% higher in seniors with dementia than others. 1 , 2 The pressures on healthcare systems mean an urgent need to develop robust preventive and treatment strategies for dementia, which requires multidisciplinary research. However, the patient’s stage of illness and ability to engage in discussions around the merits of participating in research and caregiver concerns is an important aspect of dementia research. Hence, dementia research poses unique ethical challenges compared to populations with other diseases, which has led to the evolution of an ethical framework for dementia research. This article aims to review and give a viewpoint on the ethical aspects for safeguarding vulnerable older people with dementia and the potential challenges in conducting dementia research from a researcher’s perspective.
Correlation of 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax with clinical features, D-dimer and LDH in patients with primary intestinal lymphoma
Authors: Zhou Shuo , Chen Wenxin , Lin Meifu , Chen Guobao , Chen Cailong , Huo Chong , Du Xueming 
Published: July 2021

Objective To investigate the characteristics of fluorine-18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) and its correlation with D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Methods Fifty-two patients diagnosed with PIL from June 2016 to December 2019 were analyzed. All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. The relationships between SUVmax and different pathological subtypes, clinical stages and risk grades were analyzed. The correlations between SUVmax and Ki-67, LDH and D-dimer were determined. Additionally, PET/CT imaging results were collected from 35 patients with primary intestinal cancer (PIC) and compared with the imaging features of PIL. Results SUVmax was significantly different between PIL and PIC groups and various PIL pathological subgroups. Patients in the high-risk PIL group had markedly higher SUVmax values than the intermediate-risk and low-risk groups. A significant positive correlation was observed between SUVmax and Ki-67 in patients with PIL. SUVmax was significantly different between the elevated and normal D-dimer groups. D-dimer showed a positive correlation with SUVmax. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax reflects the aggressiveness of lymphoma to a certain degree, is correlated with Ki-67 and determines the risk grades of PIL. Moreover, it facilitates differential diagnosis, clinical staging and treatment based on D-dimer levels.
Examination of Sleep and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Chehal Puneet Kaur , Shafer Livvy , Cunningham Solveig Argeseanu 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study contributes to the growing literature on the association between sleep and obesity by examining the associations between hours of sleep, consistency of bedtime, and obesity among children in the US. Design: Analysis of a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized children from the 2016-17 National Survey of Children’s Health. Setting: US, national. Subjects: Children ages 10-17 years (n = 34,640) Measures: Parent reported weeknight average hours of sleep and consistency of bedtime. Body mass index classified as underweight, normal, overweight or obesity using parent-reported child height and weight information, classified using CDC BMI-for-Age Growth Charts. Analysis: Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between measures of sleep and body mass index weight category adjusting for individual, household and neighborhood characteristics. Results: An additional hour of sleep was associated with 10.8% lower odds of obesity, net of consistency in bedtime. After controlling for sleep duration, children who usually went to bed at the same time on weeknights had lower odds of obesity (24.8%) relative to children who always went to bed at the same time. Conclusion: Sleep duration is predictive of lower odds of obesity in US children and adolescents. Some variability in weeknight bedtime is associated with lower odds of obesity, though there were no additional benefits to extensive variability in bedtime.
Testosterone Deficiency, Long-Term Testosterone Therapy, and Inflammation
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhao Hongwei , Horney Jennifer , Johnson Natalie , Saad Farid , Haider Karim Sultan , Haider Ahmad , Xu Xiaohui 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association of testosterone deficiency with inflammation and how long-term testosterone therapy affects inflammation biomarkers over time. Methods: We conducted a 2-component study. First, we conducted a cross-sectional study using the recently released 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to examine the association between testosterone deficiency and inflammation biomarkers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the US general population. Then we conducted a longitudinal study to investigate the longitudinal effect of testosterone therapy on inflammation biomarkers and the risk of cardiovascular events, using data from 776 hypogonadal men based on a registry study in Germany with up to 11 years’ follow-up. Results: The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) describing the associations between testosterone deficiency and hsCRP ≥ 3mg/L, ALT > 40U/L, and AST > 40U/L were 1.81 ( P-value < 0.001), 1.46 ( P-value = 0.009), and 0.99 ( P-value = 0.971), respectively. In the control group, CRP, ALT, and AST levels increased by 0.003 (95%CI: −0.001, 0.007) mg/L, 0.157 U/L (95%CI: 0.145, 0.170), and 0.147 (95%CI: 0.136, 0.159) U/L per month, while in the treatment group, CRP, ALT, and AST levels decreased by 0.05 (95%CI: −0.055, −0.046) mg/L, 0.142 U/L (95%CI: −0.154, −0.130), and 0.148 (95%CI: −0.158, −0.137) U/L per month. Conclusion: Testosterone deficiency was associated with an increased level of inflammation; long-term testosterone therapy alleviated inflammation among hypogonadal men, which may contribute to the reduced cardiovascular risk. Future large trials are warranted to confirm our observational study findings.
Outcome of thoracolumbar surgical feline intervertebral disc disease
Authors: Fowler Kayla M , Pancotto Theresa E , Werre Stephen R , Beasley Michaela J , Kay William , Neary Casey P 
Published: July 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and prognosis of thoracolumbar feline intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) treated by surgical decompression. Methods This was a multi-institutional retrospective study evaluating the age, breed, sex, body weight, presenting complaint, neuroanatomic diagnosis at presentation, diagnostic imaging results, surgery performed and the overall outcome at discharge and at recheck. Bivariable associations between variables were assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (age and grade of IVDD at presentation) and Fisher’s exact test (grade of IVDD at presentation and outcome). Results A total of 35 cats met the inclusion criteria for the study. The most frequently reported clinical sign was difficulty walking (54.2%). The majority of cats presented with an L4–S3 localization (57%). The most common site of intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) was at L6–L7 (34%). The majority of feline patients that received surgery had a positive outcome at the time of discharge (62.5%; n = 20/32) and at the time of the 2-week recheck (91.3%; n = 21/23). No association was identified between the age of the patient and the grade of IVDD. No association was identified between the presenting grade of IVDD and the clinical outcome at the time of discharge or at the time of recheck evaluation. Conclusions and relevance Cats undergoing spinal decompressive surgery for thoracolumbar IVDH appear to have a favorable prognosis independent of the initial presenting grade of IVDD. A larger sample size and a longer length of follow-up is necessary to obtain statistical associations between the presenting grade of IVDD and overall clinical outcome.
How the Norwegian population was affected by non-pharmaceutical interventions during the first six weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Mæland Silje , Bjørknes Ragnhild , Lehmann Stine , Sandal Gro Mjeldheim , Hazell William , Rabben Åsgeir Kjetland , Vedaa Øystein , Skogen Jens Christoffer , Fadnes Lars Thore 
Published: July 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to examine how the Norwegian general adult population was affected by non-pharmaceutical interventions during the first six weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. We assessed quarantine, symptoms, social distancing, home office/school, work status, social contact and health-care contact through digital access and knowledge. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed of 29,535 adults (aged 18–99) in Norway after six weeks of non-pharmaceutical interventions in March/April 2020. Results Most participants found the non-pharmaceutical interventions to be manageable, with 20% of all adults and 30% of those aged <30 regarding them as acceptable only to some or a limited degree. Sixteen per cent had been quarantined, 6% had experienced symptoms that could be linked to COVID-19 and 84% practiced social distancing. Eleven per cent reported changes in the use of health and social services. Three-quarters (75%) of those who had mental health or physiotherapy sessions at least monthly before the pandemic reported a reduction in their use of these services. A substantial reduction was also seen for home nursing, hospital services and dentists compared to usage before the non-pharmaceutical interventions. Immigrants were more likely to experience a reduction in follow-up from psychologists and physiotherapy. With regard to the use of general practitioners, the proportions reporting an increase and a reduction were relatively equal. Conclusions The non-pharmaceutical interventions were perceived as manageable by the majority of the adult general population in Norway at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. A substantial proportion of adults <30 years old experienced difficulties with social distancing, and those >70 years old lacked the digital tools and knowledge. Further, immigrant access to health services needs monitoring and future attention.