bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myelomeningocele–Chiari II malformation–Neurological predictability based on fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Khalaveh Farjad , Seidl Rainer , Czech Thomas , Reinprecht Andrea , Gruber Gerlinde Maria , Berger Angelika , Kiss Herbert , Prayer Daniela , Kasprian Gregor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic comparison between pre‐ and postnatal imaging findings and postnatal motor outcome assesses the reliability of MRI accuracy in the prognostication of the future long‐term (mean, 11.4 years) ambulatory status in a historic group of postnatally repaired myelomeningocele (MMC) cases.MethodsA retrospective, single‐center study of 34 postnatally repaired MMC patients was performed. We used fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare the fetal and postnatal radiological lesion level to each other and to the postnatal ambulatory level as a standard of reference and analyzed Chiari II malformation characteristics.ResultsIn 13/15 (87%) and 29/31 (94%) cases, the functional level was equal to or better than the prenatal and postnatal radiological lesion level. A radiological lesion level agreement within two segments could be achieved in 13/15 (87%) patients. A worse than expected functional level occurred in cases with Myelocele (2/3 patients), coexistent crowding of the posterior fossa (2/3 patients) and/or abnormal white matter architecture, represented by callosal dysgenesis (1/3 patients). In all patients (2/2) with a radiological disagreement of more than two segments, segmentation disorders and scoliosis were observed.ConclusionFetal and postnatal MRI are predictive of the long‐term ambulatory status in postnatally repaired MMC patients.
“If you really think it's that important—show me, don't tell me!”
Authors: Mize Jennifer F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract“Action speaks louder than words but not nearly as often.” Mark Twain: Effective process safety messaging supports, represents, and reinforces a strong process safety culture. However, no communication program or slogan can create a strong process safety culture. Organizations must invest the necessary time and resources to support process safety from the front lines to the board room. In order to establish, sustain, and improve process safety performance, organizations must identify and address situations that contradict their expectations and communication related to process safety. Employee engagement and commitment are only possible when sufficient incentives are provided. In other words, people will put the most effort into the activities that provide the most reward. Actions, particularly financial decisions, always speak much louder than words. Does the executive leadership have a long‐term strategy for investing in process safety? Is a demonstrated commitment to process safety necessary for career advancement? Are leaders rewarded for properly managing risk even when their decisions might have a short‐term negative impact on production? This paper will provide examples of situations that contradict an organization's process safety messaging and suggest best practices to address those situations.
Hyper‐selectivity of immigrants and generational differences in occupational status: Evidence for Asian groups in Australia
Authors: De Alwis Sheruni , Parr Nick , Guo Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the occupational status of immigrant birthplace‐generation groups in Australia, a country which emphasises skills in immigrant admissions. Using 2016 data, the occupational statuses of the first, 1.5, and second generations of Australia's China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam birthplace‐generation groups are compared to those for the main English‐speaking countries, all other countries, and third‐ and above‐generation Australians. The results show that the occupational status of the 1.5‐ and second‐generation Asian groups considered generally exceed that for their first generation counterparts and invariably exceed that for third‐ and above‐generation Australians, even after controlling for a range of confounding factors. For most Asian groups, the 1.5 generation's occupational status exceeds that of the second generation. Modification of the ‘segmented assimilation’ hypothesis to incorporate a new category of ‘hyper‐selective differentiation’ is proposed to capture the extraordinary upward occupational mobility of most 1.5‐ and second‐generation Asian groups in Australia.
Status of online sperm donation and sperm bank in Japan
Authors: Nakata Kumiko , Okada Hiroshi , Iwahata Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFacilities worldwide offering donor sperm insemination face sperm donor shortages. There are also known dangers of online information about sperm donation and using donated sperm to conceive without the involvement of medical professionals. Therefore, the authors investigated 140 Web sites retrieved by common Japanese search engines using sperm donation‐related keywords. The authors assessed them according to criteria, but most were deemed unsafe (96.4%). Ultimately, 2 personal and 3 company Web sites provided adequate information. However, the personal Web sites lacked representative individual information and the company Web sites had issues including high costs, overseas location of facilities performing insemination, and possible non‐Japanese origin of donated sperm.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of NiMn2O4 Grown on Nickel Foam as Electrode Material for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Du Xiaomei , Yang Liu , Fu Yingqing , Liu Sen , Huang Naibao , Wang Shusen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe spinel NiMn2O4 has been directly grown on 3D nickel foam by combining a simple microwave‐assisted hydrothermal with annealing process at different temperatures (350 °C to 650 °C), which can be used as a binder‐free electrode for high‐performance supercapacitors. The results indicate that the pure NiMn2O4 can be obtained below 550 °C. The as‐prepared NiMn2O4 at 450 °C has the largest specific capacitance of 802 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and excellent cycle stability (61 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1) among all the obtained samples. This outstanding electrochemical performance may be attributed to its relatively large grain size, high specific surface area, and appropriate pore structure. This indicates that NiMn2O4 grown on nickel foam shows great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
Conversion of l‐Tryptophan Derivatives into Biologically Active Amino Acid Ionic Liquids
Authors: Szymaniak Daria , Kleiber Tomasz , Wojcieszak Marta , Materna Katarzyna , Pernak Juliusz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural auxins are a group of plant hormones that affect plant growth and development. The most common auxin is indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), which is mainly synthesized from tryptophan. Since converting synthetic auxins into an ionic liquid increases their herbicidal activity, an attempt was made to synthesize new amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) with l‐tryptophanate anions. As a result of the synthesis, two homologous series, tetraalkylammonium l‐tryptophanates and dialkyldimethylammonium l‐tryptophanates, were obtained with yields exceeding 95 %. For the obtained AAILs, basic physicochemical properties (solubility in solvents of different polarity, thermal stability, phase changes, and surface activity) were determined, and whether the obtained salts act as growth stimulants for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was evaluated. The transformation of l‐tryptophan into AAILs improved the physicochemical properties and increased the auxin activity. In addition, the higher content of nutrients (micro‐ and macroelements) made lettuce a healthier food product.
Amidation and Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Reaction: One‐Pot Synthetic Strategy of Isoindolinones
Authors: Asraf Ali Sk , Bera Anirban , Rahaman Molla Mijanur , Samanta Shubhankar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, we report one‐pot Cu(I) catalyzed open flask synthetic strategy of 3‐substituted N‐pyridinyl isoindolinones from alkyl (E)‐3‐(2‐formylphenyl)acrylate by oxidative amidation and intramolecular aza‐Michael reaction using cheap air stable Cu(I) single catalyst. We have also established a synthetic route of N‐aryl substituted isoindolinones with acid‐amine coupling reaction of (E)‐2‐(3‐alkoxy‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl)benzoic acid followed by aza‐Michael reactions. Unexpected synthetic route of N‐(1H‐inden‐1‐yl)pyridin‐2‐amine derivatives have been documented from the same precursors using Cu(I) catalyst.
Microwave‐Assisted Rapid Synthesis of Urchin‐Like Bimetallic Mn–Co Carbonate Composites for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Du Xiaomin , Liu Liangyu , Xie Zhengjie , Yu Deyang , Han Leiyun , Zhang Yuwan , Cui Zheng , Xue Ying , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, we developed a novel microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthetic method for urchin‐like bimetallic manganese‐cobalt carbonate composites. Compared with the traditional process, the microwave‐assisted hydrothermal process is not only environmentally friendly, but also more convenient. The electrode of supercapacitors prepared at 120 °C for 10 min exhibited the best electrochemical performance, which could deliver a high capacitance of 839.58 F g−1 at 1 mA cm−2 and remain 82.12 % of its initial capacitance even after 8,000 successive charge‐discharge cycles at a high current density of 6 mA cm−2. We have found the possibility of using a microwave‐assisted hydrothermal process to synthesize the urchin‐like bimetallic manganese‐cobalt carbonate composites, which is of great importance for the application of bimetallic manganese‐cobalt carbonate composites in the supercapacitor field.
Attoampere Nanoelectrochemistry
Authors: Grall Simon , Alić Ivan , Pavoni Eleonora , Awadein Mohamed , Fujii Teruo , Müllegger Stefan , Farina Marco , Clément Nicolas , Gramse Georg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrochemical microscopy techniques have extended the understanding of surface chemistry to the micrometer and even sub‐micrometer level. However, fundamental questions related to charge transport at the solid‐electrolyte interface, such as catalytic reactions or operation of individual ion channels, require improved spatial resolutions down to the nanoscale. A prerequisite for single‐molecule electrochemical sensitivity is the reliable detection of a few electrons per second, that is, currents in the atto‐Ampere (10−18 A) range, 1000 times below today's electrochemical microscopes. This work reports local cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements at the solid‐liquid interface on ferrocene self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) with sub‐atto‐Ampere sensitivity and simultaneous spatial resolution < 80 nm. Such sensitivity is obtained through measurements of the charging of the local faradaic interface capacitance at GHz frequencies. Nanometer‐scale details of different molecular organizations with a 19% packing density difference are resolved, with an extremely small dispersion of the molecular electrical properties. This is predicted previously based on weak electrostatic interactions between neighboring redox molecules in a SAM configuration. These results open new perspectives for nano‐electrochemistry like the study of quantum mechanical resonance in complex molecules and a wide range of applications from electrochemical catalysis to biophysics.
In vivo three‐dimensional isometry analysis of suture attachment sites for extracapsular suture stabilization of the canine stifle
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Chung , Lu Ming , Wang Shi‐Nuan , Wu Ching‐Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to perform isometry analysis of a selection of suture attachment points for extracapsular stabilization with three‐dimensional (3D) measurements and normal gait kinematics of the stifle joint.MethodsThirteen client‐owned dogs were recruited. Fluoroscopic images of the stifle during treadmill walking and computed tomography of the same joint were acquired. Stifle kinematics were reconstructed using 3D model‐based fluoroscopic analysis. Variability of the distance between the femoral and tibial attachment sites across gait cycles was evaluated. The maximum length variation (MLV) and maximum length percent variation (MLPV) were quantified and used to determine the level of isometry of the attachment site combinations.ResultsA selection of combinations with lower mean MLV (<2.5 mm) or MLPV (<8%) was identified from 315 combinations, and all the combinations involved femoral attachment sites near the distal pole of the lateral fabella. The combinations also involving tibial attachment sites near the proximal tibial crest showed improved isometry, with an MLPV < 6%.ConclusionCombinations using attachment sites around the distal pole of the lateral fabella and proximal tibial crest or caudal to the long digit extensor groove appeared to have improved isometry.
Synthesis and electrochemistry of remotely thioether‐functionalized disilenes
Authors: Büttner Thomas , Weisshaar Konstantin , Willmes Philipp , Huch Volker , Morgenstern Bernd , Hempelmann Rolf , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of p‐methylthio‐functionalized disilenes with (oligo)phenylene‐linkers of different sizes between the thiomethyl group and the Si=Si moiety. 29Si NMR and UV/vis data suggests that the linker‐size affects the Si=Si moiety only moderately. Cyclic voltammetry reveals an increasing number of reduction events with the number of phenylene rings, which are therefore clearly associated to the oligo(phenylene) linking unit. The exchange current density of the oxidation and reduction reactions as determined by linear sweep voltammetry with a rotating disc electrode also shows significant differences between the prepared disilenes.
Magnesium concentration influences size and pulse rate in the upside‐down jellyfish, Cassiopea andromeda
Authors: Evans Drayke , Millar Zachary , Wolvin Sophie , Pham Phuc H. , LePage Véronique , Lumsden John S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnesium is involved in a variety of physiological processes in marine animals and is known to be deleterious in both excess and deficiency. The effects of magnesium concentration ranging from 700 mg/L (low), 1344 mg/L (control), and 2000 mg/L (high) on size and pulse rate in upside‐down jellyfish (Cassiopea andromeda) medusae were examined in two separate 28‐day trials. Exposure to low magnesium resulted in significantly (p < .05) higher pulse rates and decreased bell diameter and also produced oral arm degradation. Exposure to high magnesium resulted in significantly (p < .05) lower pulse rates and decreased bell diameter as well as oral arm cupping. In both low and high magnesium, almost all specimens changed color from pale blue on Day 1, to brown by Day 28, suggesting a loss of zooxanthellae. The decrease in bell diameter and color change was more pronounced and occurred more rapidly in low magnesium. The results of both trials demonstrate the deleterious effects of high and low magnesium on C. andromeda and emphasize the importance of monitoring magnesium concentration to maintain healthy display animals in public aquaria.
Numerical Modeling of Infrasound Energy Radiation by Debris Flow Events
Authors: Coco M. , Marchetti E. , Morandi O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDebris flows constitute a severe natural hazard in Alpine regions. Studies are performed to understand the event predictability and to identify early warning systems and procedures. These are based both on sensors deployed along the channels or on the amplitude of seismic and infrasound waves radiated by the flow and recorded far away. Despite being very promising, infrasound cannot be used to infer the source characteristics due to the lack of a physical model of the infrasound energy radiated by debris flows. Here the simulation of water flow along a simple channel is presented, experiencing the fall from a dam, performed within the open source simulation code OpenFOAM. The pressure perturbation within the atmosphere produced by the flow is extracted and the infrasound signature of the events as a function of the flow characteristics is defined. Numerical results suggest that infrasound is radiated immediately downstream of the dam with amplitude and period that scale with dam height and water level. Modeled infrasound waveform is interpreted as being produced mostly by waves at the water free surface developing downstream of the dam. Despite the effect of sediments is not considered in this first study and will be implemented in future investigations, numerical results obtained with this simple model are in general agreement with experimental results obtained from array analysis of infrasound data recorded at Illgraben, Switzerland. Results highlight how numerical modeling can provide critical information to define a source mechanism of infrasound energy radiation by debris-flow, that is required also to improve early warning systems.
Orbital floor fractures: epidemiology and outcomes of 1594 reconstructions
Authors: Seifert Lukas Benedikt , Mainka Tim , Herrera-Vizcaino Carlos , Verboket Rene , Sader Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the midface and orbital floor fractures treated at our institution with regard to epidemiological aspects, surgical treatment options and postoperative complications and discuss this data with the current literature.

Study design
One thousand five hundred and ninety-four patients with midface and orbital fractures treated at the Department of Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery of the Goethe University Hospital in Frankfurt (Germany) between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were evaluated by age, gender, etiology, fracture pattern, defect size, surgical treatment and complications.

Results
The average patient age was 46.2 (± 20.8). Most fractures (37.5%) occurred in the age between 16 and 35. Seventy-two percent of patients were male while 28% were female. The most common cause of injury was physical assault (32.0%) followed by falls (30.8%) and traffic accidents (17.0%). The average orbital wall defect size was 297.9 mm2 (± 190.8 mm2). For orbital floor reconstruction polydioxanone sheets (0.15 mm 38.3%, 0.25 mm 36.2%, 0.5 mm 2.8%) were mainly used, followed by titanium meshes (11.5%). Reconstructions with the 0.15 mm polydioxanone sheets showed the least complications (p < 0.01, r = 0.15). Eighteen percent of patients who showed persistent symptoms and post-operative complications: 12.9% suffered from persistent hypoesthesia, 4.4% suffered from post-operative diplopia and 3.9% showed intra-orbital hematoma.

Conclusion
Results of the clinical outcome in our patients show that 0.15 mm resorbable polydioxanone sheets leads to significantly less post-operative complications for orbital floor defects even for defects beyond the recommended 200 mm2.
Kontaktendoskopie mit Narrow Band Imaging zur Erkennung perpendikulärer Gefäßveränderungen bei benignen Läsionen, Dysplasien und Karzinomen der Stimmlippen
Authors: Schöninger L. , Voigt-Zimmermann S. , Kropf S. , Arens C. , Davaris N. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Perpendikuläre Gefäßveränderungen (PGV) sind Marker der tumorinduzierten Neoangiogenese der Stimmlippen. Die Kontaktendoskopie mit Narrow Band Imaging (KE-NBI) ermöglicht eine detaillierte Analyse solcher Gefäßveränderungen.

Ziel der Arbeit
In dieser Arbeit wurde das Potenzial der KE-NBI bei der Diagnostik benigner, dysplastischer und maligner Veränderungen der Stimmlippen untersucht. Außerdem sollte bei der Detektion von PGV die Aussagekraft des KE-NBI im Vergleich zur Weißlichtendoskopie (WLE) und zur alleinigen Narrow-Band-Imaging-Endoskopie (NBI) bestimmt werden.

Material und Methoden
Dazu befundeten 3 Untersucher histopathologisch verifizierte benigne, dysplastische oder maligne Läsionen der Stimmlippen (n = 60) jeweils im Modus WLE, NBI und KE-NBI. Die Läsionen wurden auf PGV hin untersucht und ihre Dignität beurteilt. Ermittelt wurden der Anteil der Läsionen mit detektierten PGV sowie die diagnostische Güte für jeden Modus und die Interratervariabilität bei der Erkennung von höhergradigen Dysplasien und Karzinomen.

Ergebnisse
Die KE-NBI zeigte sich den anderen Modi bei der Detektion von PGV und hinsichtlich Sensitivität und Genauigkeit bei der Erkennung von höhergradigen Dysplasien und Karzinomen überlegen. Die Autoren sahen eine deutliche Assoziation dieser pathologischen Veränderungen mit PGV.

Schlussfolgerung
Mittels KE-NBI werden PGV häufiger und zuverlässiger als mit den anderen Methoden erkannt. Die Assoziation dieser Gefäßveränderungen mit höhergradigen Dysplasien und Karzinomen der Stimmlippen wurde bestätigt. Im Vergleich zu WLE und NBI zeigte sich eine erhöhte diagnostische Güte. Somit kann die KE-NBI durch bessere Detektion der PGV die endoskopische Differenzierung zwischen benignen und malignen Läsionen der Stimmlippen verbessern.
Schnitt-Naht-Zeiten bei der endoskopischen Ohrchirurgie
Authors: Preyer S. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEndoskopische Ohrchirurgie („endoscopic ear surgery“, EES) wird international immer häufiger anstelle der mikroskopischen Ohrchirurgie („microscopic ear surgery“, MES) eingesetzt, hat sich in Deutschland aber als Routineverfahren noch nicht etabliert.FragestellungUntersucht wurden die Schnitt-Naht-Zeiten bei der EES und die Praktikabilität der Methode im deutschen Klinik-Setting.Material und MethodenIn einer retrospektiven Studie wurden 60 konsekutive mikroskopisch operierte Patienten (MES) von 2015 mit 60 konsekutiven endoskopisch operierten Patienten aus dem Jahr 2018 verglichen. Verglichen wurden Hörergebnisse, Trommelfellbefund und Schnitt-Naht-Zeiten nach 3 Wochen.ErgebnisseBei endoskopisch geführten Ohroperationen war der Zugang meistens transmeatal und musste seltener als bei mikroskopisch durchgeführten Operationen die Gehörgangsvorderwand zurückgeschliffen werden. Die Operationszeiten unterschieden sich in den 2 Gruppen statistisch nicht signifikant. Ein Trommelfellverschluss gelang bei 57/60 Patienten in der mikroskopischen Gruppe und bei 59/60 in der endoskopischen Gruppe. Eine Hörverbesserung wurde in beiden Gruppen erreicht. Die Hörverbesserung war in den 2 Gruppen statistisch signifikant nicht unterschiedlich.SchlussfolgerungenEndoskopische Ohrchirurgie ist eine zeitökonomische und minimal-invasive Methode und stellt bei vergleichbaren Ergebnissen eine praktikable Alternative zur mikroskopischen Ohrchirurgie dar.