bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteological characteristics of the Setouchi salamander Hynobius setouchi (Urodela, Hynobiidae)
Authors: Hara Sotaro , Nishikawa Kanto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study described the detailed osteological features of the Setouchi salamander Hynobius setouchi. H. setouchi, which is endemic to central Japan, was recently delineated from the wide range of H. nebulosus species based on molecular and external morphological characteristics. However, the osteological features of the species belonging to the genus Hynobius have not been examined, which has hindered the detailed understanding of morphological diversity in the genus. To address this problem, this study elucidated the osteological features of the salamander using micro‐computed tomography scanning and whole‐mount double staining methods. The articular, a part of the hypobranchial I, a part of coracoid, pubis, carpus, and tarsus were cartilaginous in small‐sized individuals and were partially or completely ossified in large‐sized individuals. The degree of ossification varied in the operculum, basibranchial II, and ascending process of the palatoquadrate. However, ossification was not associated with body size. The lacrimal, ossified manus, and ossified pes exhibited varying degrees of articulation or fusion irrespective of body size. Moreover, the cranium and tarsus of H. setouchi exhibited several unique characteristics. These osteological characteristics will aid in revising the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Hynobius species.
Nonheme Iron Imido Complexes Bearing a Non‐Innocent Ligand: A Synthetic Chameleon Species in Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Li Xiao‐Xi , Lu Xiaoyan , Park Jae Woo , Cho Kyung‐Bin , Nam Wonwoo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐valent iron‐imido complexes can perform C−H activation and sulfimidation reactions, but are far less studied than the more ubiquitous iron‐oxo species. As case studies, we have looked at a recently published iron(V)‐imido ligand π‐cation radical complex, which is formally an iron(VI)‐imido complex [FeV(NTs)(TAML+.)] (1; NTs=tosylimido), and an iron(V)‐imido complex [FeV(NTs)(TAML)]− (2). Using a theoretical approach, we found that they have multiple energetically close‐lying electromers, sometimes even without changing spin states, reminiscent of the so‐called Compound I in Cytochrome P450. When studying their reactivity theoretically, it is indeed found that their electronic structures may change to perform efficient oxidations, emulating the multi‐spin state reactivity in FeIVO systems. This is actually in contrast to the known [FeV(O)(TAML)]− species (3), where the reactions occur only on the ground spin state. We also looked into the whole reaction pathway for the C−H bond activation of 1,4‐cyclohexadiene by these intermediates to reproduce the experimentally observed products, including steps that usually attract no interest (neither theoretically nor experimentally) due to their non‐rate‐limiting status and fast reactivity. A new “clustering non‐rebound mechanism” is presented for this C−H activation reaction.
Outcomes of men with HIV and germ cell cancer: Results from an international collaborative study
Authors: Hentrich Marcus Ulrich , Bower Mark , Daugaard Gedske , Dieing Annette , Bickel Markus , Berretta Massimiliano , Lesmeister Florian , Jurinovic Vindi , Stoehr Albrecht , Heinzelbecker Julia , Krznaric Ivanka , Dieckmann Klaus‐Peter , Necchi Andrea , Maroto Rey Pablo , Rockstroh Jürgen Kurt , Brito Margarida , Pfister David , Hoffmann Christian 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that men with HIV and germ cell cancer (HIV‐GCC) have inferior overall survival (OS) in comparison with their HIV‐negative counterparts. However, little information is available on treatments and outcomes of HIV‐GCC in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).MethodsThis study examined men living with HIV who were 18 years old or older and had a diagnosis of histologically proven germ cell cancer (GCC). The primary outcomes were OS and progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsData for 89 men with a total of 92 HIV‐GCCs (2 synchronous GCCs and 1 metachronous bilateral GCC) were analyzed; among them were 64 seminomas (70%) and 28 nonseminomas (30%). The median age was 36 years, the median CD4 T‐cell count at GCC diagnosis was 420 cells/µL, and 77% of the patients on cART had an HIV RNA load < 500 copies/mL. Stage I disease was found in 44 of 79 gonadal GCCs (56%). Among 45 cases with primary disseminated GCC, 78%, 18%, and 4% were assigned to the good‐, intermediate‐, and poor‐prognosis groups, respectively, of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group. Relapses occurred in 14 patients. Overall, 12 of 89 patients (13%) died. The causes of death were refractory GCC (n = 5), an AIDS‐defining illness (n = 3), and other causes (n = 4). After a median follow‐up of 6.5 years, the 5‐ and 10‐year PFS rates were 81% and 73%, respectively, and the 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were 91% and 85%, respectively.ConclusionsThe 5‐ and 10‐year PFS and OS rates of men with HIV‐GCC were similar to those reported for men with HIV‐negative GCC. Patients with HIV‐GCC should be managed identically to HIV‐negative patients.Lay Summary

Men living with HIV are at increased risk for germ cell cancer (GCC).

Previous studies have shown that the survival of men with HIV‐associated germ cell cancer (HIV‐GCC) is poorer than the survival of their HIV‐negative counterparts.

This study examined the characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of 89 men with HIV‐GCC in the era of effective combination antiretroviral therapies.

The long‐term outcomes of men with HIV‐GCC were similar to those reported for men with HIV‐negative GCC.

Patients with HIV‐GCC should be managed identically to HIV‐negative patients.
Maize diversity for fall armyworm resistance in a warming world
Authors: Singh G. Mahendra , Xu Jianchu , Schaefer Douglas , Day Roger , Wang Zhenying , Zhang Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCurrently, maize (Zea maysL.) production is under threat from climate change, drought, and pests such as fall armyworm (FAW) [Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)]. Since its first detection outside of its native range in 2016, FAW has spread into 76 nations across Africa and Asia adversely affecting maize production and, in turn, the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. Thus, there is a strong need for the development of cost‐effective and biologically based integrated pest management (IPM) practices including host‐plant resistance (HPR). However, most of the commercial maize cultivars have lost some defensive traits through selective breeding for yield during domestication. The majority of the commercially cultivated hybrids and cultivars in Asia and Africa are highly susceptible to FAW. Therefore, this review summarizes information about various maize landraces, native germplasm, and crop wild relatives (CWRs) possessing FAW resistance traits and about their potential resistance mechanisms, namely antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance. There is clear evidence of FAW resistance acting through diverse mechanisms in several maize landraces, germplasm lines, native populations, and CWRs such as Antigua race, FAW Tuxpeno, Zapalote Chico 2451F, Doce Flor da Serra, FAWCC (C5), CMS 14C, PopG (C2), MpSWCB‐4, Mp708, Mp 704, CML 67, and FAW 7050, as well as a few species of teosinte andTripsacumL. Further, a scheme that outlines strategies and approaches for prebreeding and their introgression into elite cultivars for developing FAW‐resistant maize is proposed as a possible way forward.
Lithiation and Sodiation of Hydrogenated Silicene: A Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: Rehman Javed , Fan Xiaofeng , Samad Abdus , Zheng Weitao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe next‐generation renewable energy machineries necessitate the electrodes with appropriate electrochemical performance. Here, the anodic properties of silicane for Li‐ and Na‐ion batteries were scrutinized employing first‐principle calculations. The projected single‐layer hydrogen‐functionalized Si (Si2H2) structure was energetically, mechanically, dynamically, and thermally stable based on theoretical simulations, confirming its experimental feasibility. The electronic properties revealed the semiconducting nature of silicane on the basis of PBE and HSE06 schemes with an indirect bandgap. As anode material for Li‐ and Na‐ion batteries, hydrogenated silicene showed promising electrochemical performance because of the proper adsorption strength between Si2H2 and the adsorbed Li and Na. The average open circuit voltages for Li2xSi2H2 and Na2xSi2H2 were as low as 0.42 and 0. 64 V, while its specific capacity was as high as 921 and 1842 mAh g−1 for Li and Na, respectively. It also showed ultra‐fast diffusion channels for Li and Na ions. The diffusion barriers for Li and Na migrations were as low as 0.18 and 0.14 eV, respectively, which revealed rapid charge/discharge processes using hydrogenated silicene as anode. These important features facilitate silicane as favorable anode material for Li/Na‐ion batteries.
Interface‐Induced Self‐Assembly Strategy Toward 2D Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/MXene Heterostructures for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Zhilin , Xiong Hailong , Luo Yaxiao , Zhang Liangliang , Hu Kuo , Zhang Ling , Gao Yu , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Zhen‐An Qiao at the Jilin University. The image shows the application of 2D ordered mesoporous carbon/MXene heterostructures in supercapacitors. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202101374.
Multi‐input multi‐phase transformerless large voltage conversion ratio DC/DC converter
Authors: Saadatizadeh Zahra , Chavoshipour Heris Pedram , Sabahi Mehran , Liang Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a two‐input transformerless DC‐DC converter. The proposed converter has large voltage conversion ratio with low‐voltage and current stress on semiconductors and low input current ripple. It can transfer energy as two‐phase converter with three and four input voltage sources to increase the availability of the input voltage of the converter. Despite the capability of extending the number of the input sources up to four, the range of operating duty cycle for the switches and the voltage conversion ratio are remained the same as the values for two‐input topology of the proposed converter. By increasing diode‐capacitor (D‐C) cells in upper and lower modules, not only the amount of transferred energy will be increased, but also the voltage stress on semiconductors would be decreased. In this paper, theoretical analysis for continuous current mode (CCM), analysis under discontinuous current mode (DCM), voltage gain and voltages and currents of all of the elements are calculated. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter is confirmed by implemented prototype which converts two 40‐V input voltages to output voltage of 600 V with the power of 400 W.
Performance, environment, and cost‐benefit analysis of a split air conditioning unit usingHC‐290 andHCFC‐22
Authors: Saravanan A. Lalitha , Prabakaran Rajendran , Sidney Shaji , Kim Sung Chul , Lal Dhasan Mohan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA widely used hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerant HCFC‐22 in the split air conditioner (AC) is being phased out in all countries under the Montreal Protocol. Propane (HC‐290) is a favorable substitute for HCFC‐22. The performance, environment impact and cost‐benefit analysis of a split AC unit operated with HCFC‐22 and HC‐290 has been carried out experimentally under different test conditions prescribed by IS 1391. The results showed that the variation in system performance was more significant for HCFC‐22 than for that of HC‐290 while varying the refrigerant charge. The experienced optimum charges that represent the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) was varied with the working environment and it was realized that, generally the optimum charge for HC‐290 was 50% lesser than that of HCFC‐22. The COP of the AC unit with HC‐290 was observed to be 5% more than that of HCFC‐22. However, the system capacity diminished by 7.8%. The operation of a split AC unit with HC‐290 produced up to 15.9% lesser CO2emission than that of HCFC‐22 under all the test conditions. The use of HC‐290 in an existing HCFC‐22 split AC system can save up to 12.22% of the life time total cost. Finally, it was inferred that the replacement of HCFC‐22 with HC‐290 in the split AC unit showed dominance in all aspects such as performance, emission, and life time total cost.
On the accuracy, robustness, and performance of high order interpolation schemes for the overset method on unstructured grids
Authors: Lemaire Sébastien , Vaz Guilherme , Deij‐van Rijswijk Menno , Turnock Stephen R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA comprehensive study on interpolation schemes used in overset grid techniques is here presented. Based on a literature review, numerous schemes are implemented, and their robustness, accuracy, and performance are assessed. Two code verification exercises are performed for this purpose: a 2D analytical solution of a laminar Poiseuille steady flow; and an intricate manufactured solution of a turbulent flow case, characteristic of a boundary layer flow combined with an unsteady separation bubble. For both cases, the influence of grid layouts, grid refinement, and time‐step is investigated. Local and global errors, convergence orders, and mass imbalance are quantified. In terms of computational performance, strong scalability, cpu timings, load imbalancing, and domain connectivity information (DCI) overhead are reported. The effect of the overset‐grid interpolation schemes on the numerical performance of the solver, that is, number of nonlinear iterations, is also scrutinized. The results show that, for a second order finite volume code, once diffusion is dominant (low Reynolds number), interpolation schemes higher than second order, for example, least squares of degree 2, are needed not to increase the total discretization errors. For convection dominated flows (high Reynolds numbers), the results suggest that second order schemes, for example, nearest cell gradient, are sufficient to prevent overset grid schemes to taint the underlying discretization errors. In terms of performance, by single‐process and parallel communication optimization, the total overset‐grid overhead (with DCI done externally to the CFD code) may be less than 4% of the total run time for second‐order schemes and 8% for third‐order ones, therefore empowering higher‐order schemes and more accurate solutions.
Characterization of cortical hemodynamic changes following sensory, visual, and speech activation by intraoperative optical imaging utilizing phase‐based evaluation methods
Authors: Oelschlägel Martin , Polanski Witold H. , Morgenstern Ute , Steiner Gerald , Kirsch Matthias , Koch Edmund , Schackert Gabriele , Sobottka Stephan B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlterations within cerebral hemodynamics are the intrinsic signal source for a wide variety of neuroimaging techniques. Stimulation of specific functions leads due to neurovascular coupling, to changes in regional cerebral blood flow, oxygenation and volume. In this study, we investigated the temporal characteristics of cortical hemodynamic responses following electrical, tactile, visual, and speech activation for different stimulation paradigms using Intraoperative Optical Imaging (IOI). Image datasets from a total of 22 patients that underwent surgical resection of brain tumors were evaluated. The measured reflectance changes at different light wavelength bands, representing alterations in regional cortical blood volume (CBV), and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) concentration, were assessed by using Fourier‐based evaluation methods. We found a decrease of CBV connected to an increase of HbR within the contralateral primary sensory cortex (SI) in patients that were prolonged (30 s/15 s) electrically stimulated. Additionally, we found differences in amplitude as well as localization of activated areas for different stimulation patterns. Contrary to electrical stimulation, prolonged tactile as well as prolonged visual stimulation are provoking increases in CBV within the corresponding activated areas (SI, visual cortex). The processing of the acquired data from awake patients performing speech tasks reveals areas with increased, as well as areas with decreased CBV. The results lead us to the conclusion, that the CBV decreases in connection with HbR increases in SI are associated to processing of nociceptive stimuli and that stimulation type, as well as paradigm have a nonnegligible impact on the temporal characteristics of the following hemodynamic response.
CP‐25 exerts therapeutic effects in mice with dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis by inhibiting GRK2 translocation to downregulate the TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in macrophages
Authors: Li Ying , Jiang Meng‐Ya , Chen Jing‐Yu , Xu Zhou‐Wei , Zhang Jia‐Wei , Li Tao , Zhang Ling‐Ling , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeficiency of G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) was found to protect mice from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis. Paeoniflorin‐6′‐O‐benzene sulfonate (CP‐25) has been shown to exert anti‐inflammatory immune regulatory effects in animal models of inflammatory autoimmune disease. This study aimed to investigate the of GRK2 in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and its effects on macrophage polarization, macrophage subtype regulation of intestinal barrier function, and therapeutic effects of CP‐25 in mice with DSS‐induced colitis. We found imbalanced macrophage polarization, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and abnormal activation of GRK2 and TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in the colonic mucosa of patients with UC. CP‐25, restored the damaged intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the transmembrane region of GRK2 in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. CP‐25 exerted therapeutic effects by ameliorating clinical manifestation, regulating macrophage polarization, and restoring abnormally activated TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway by inhibiting GRK2. These data suggest the pathogenesis of UC may be related to the imbalance of macrophage polarization, which leads to abnormal activation of TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway mediated by GRK2 and destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier. CP‐25 confers therapeutic effects on colitis by inhibiting GRK2 translocation to induce the downregulation of TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in macrophages.
Measurement of glomerular filtration rate reveals that subcapsular injection of shear‐thinning hyaluronic acid hydrogels does not impair kidney function in mice
Authors: Soranno Danielle E. , Kirkbride‐Romeo Lara , Han Daniel , Altmann Christopher , Rodell Christopher B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe continued development of minimally invasive therapeutic implants, such as injectable hydrogels, necessitates the concurrent advancement of methods to best assess their biocompatibility via functional outcomes in vivo. Biomaterial implants have been studied to treat kidney disease; however, assessment of biocompatibility has been limited to biomarker and histological assessments. Techniques now exist to measure kidney function serially in vivo in murine studies via transcutaneous measurements of glomerular filtration rate (tGFR). In this study, adult male and female wild‐type BalbC mice underwent right unilateral nephrectomy. The remaining solitary left kidney was allowed 4 weeks to recover via compensatory hypertrophy, after which subcapsular injection of either saline or shear‐thinning hyaluronic acid hydrogel was performed. Serial tGFR measurements before and after treatment were used to assess the effect of hydrogel injection on kidney filtration. Urine and serum biomarkers of kidney function, and kidney histology were also quantified. Hydrogel injection did not affect kidney function, as assessed by tGFR. Results were in agreement with standard metrics of serum and urine biomarkers of injury as well as histological assessment of inflammation. The model developed provides a direct functional assessment of implant compatibility for the treatment of kidney disease and impact on kidney function.
Characterization of the primo vascular system in rabbit vagina
Authors: Mustafa Fatma El‐Zahraa A. , Abdelhafez Enas A. , Abd‐Elhafeez Hanan H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe primo vascular system (PVS) is observed in different parts of the body under different physiological and disease conditions. Previously, the PVS was not observed in the vagina. The vaginal samples of this study were collected from the female genitalia of healthy New Zealand white rabbits from the animal house, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University. The vaginal samples were fixed in Bouin's solution. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Crossmon's trichrome. Additionally, the sections were immunohistochemically stained with neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A primo node was observed on the lymph vessel of the vagina and has several characteristics that resemble those of the previously discovered primo nodes. The primo node in this study was surrounded by mesothelial cells that provide positive immunoreactivity to NSE and VEGF. Sinuses of different sizes, floating cells, telocyte‐like cell, and primo microcells were observed as the main constituents of the primo node. Additionally, migratory cells were detected, which passed from the primo node to the enclosing lymph vessel.
Identification of Atlantic water inflow on the north Svalbard shelf during the Holocene
Authors: Peral Marion , Austin William E. N. , Noormets Riko 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTNordaustlandet is located in the northeastern part of the Svalbard archipelago, within the northernmost reach of the West Spitsbergen Current. This current transports Atlantic water to the Arctic Ocean along the western and northern Svalbard margins. This region is well‐suited for reconstructing the history of changing Atlantic water inflow to the Arctic Ocean. We studied the marine sediment core HH12‐04‐GC from Rijpfjorden. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and sedimentological data are combined to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment of the fjord from the end of the last local deglaciation to the late Holocene. The local deglaciation, between 11.3 and 10.6 cal ka bp, was dominated by active glacier calving processes, associated with a strong inflow of Atlantic water. This led to the establishment of glaciomarine conditions. The Holocene was initially characterised by a relatively stable and warm environment associated with a strong contribution of Atlantic water. Glaciomarine influence progressively decreases after 9.7 cal ka bp and the Atlantic water contribution increases. The late Holocene displayed a similar environment to today, with the influence of glaciomarine conditions and limited Atlantic water inflow. These results confirm that Atlantic water inflows made a continuous contribution to northern Nordaustlandet throughout the postglacial period.