bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the water storage and cultivated area in the dry season in Lam Pao Operation and Maintenance Project
Authors: Luangcharoenlarp S , Changjan A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aims to study the relationship between water storage and cultivated area in the dry season. The study was in the Lam Pao operation and maintenance project, Kalasin province. The long term data records from 1987 to 2020, a total of 33 years, including the amount of water storage in the Lam Pao reservoir and the cultivated area in the dry season (December to May) were analyzed using the Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of the study showed that the maximum cultivated area was in 2020. The total area of 300,353 rai comprised of 295,304 rai of dry season rice, 97 rai of field crops, 100 rai of vegetables, 1,496 rai of fish pond and 3,356 rai of shrimp pond. The minimum cultivated area was in 1994. The total area of of 3,419 rai comprised of 209 rai of dry season rice, 2,552 rai of field crops, 488 rai of vegetables. 35 rai of fish ponds and 135 rai of shrimp ponds. It can be concluded that the amount of water storage at the beginning of the dry season is significantly correlated with cultivated area in the dry season.
Compliant Mechanism and Origami usage in Aerospace and Space Application
Authors: Mathew Bilji c , bharatpatil Vishal , Anilchamoli  , Raikwar Muskan , Negi Mahesh Singh , Singh Harparlad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is 2021 of the 21st century, the world is already shifting dramatically towards complex machinery and procedures. A Compliant mechanism can help to make things simpler and elegant by decreasing the member elements in the machinery. We use flexure joints and simple members to perform operations. We focused on the aerospace uses of compliant mechanisms likebistable monolithic devices, deployable arrays by figuring out the origami oblivion applications, temporary or permanent structures, and mainly focused on Aerospace Applications. Well, looking for a more sustainable approach to the current space applications and planetary technologies that can behold the promises of primary mission goals. We mostly rely on rigid mechanisms for performing motions and transmission, here we showcase the actual science behind the flexible deformations lead to easier, cheap, and less complexity to the mechanism. The global sustainability part is considered in this paper while designing and material the components. The thickness of the material brings the mathematical models into the picture by which the origami is structure is formed and graphs analysisshows the compliant motions of the structure.
Evolution of Agritech Business 4.0 – Architecture and Future Research Directions
Authors: Eashwar S , Chawla Paras 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Protection of farmer’s welfare, improving their standard of living and maintaining the connect between urban and rural population are important for sustainable development. Agriculture 4.0 based on Industry 4.0 evolved to produce crops in different manner by applying new technologies, adopt emerging technologies to bring efficiency in food web, incorporate cross industry technologies and applications. Agri Food 4.0 is a survey based on industrial farming using advancements in Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, IOT, Big Data. The challenge is to make the technologies interoperable and also to integrate agriculture production with food distribution network. In this research work, we propose to present the architecture of Agritech Business 4.0, a transparent model to integrate agriculture production with food distribution network by adopting I4.0 technologies. It is necessary to have a common framework that uses Internet of Things, Smart DLT, Big Data Analytics etc. thereby the communication between the technologies can be harnessed for better agricultural production, food security, transparency and decentralization. We have also presented few open research problems and future research directions in this paper.
Breeding of Vicia faba L. in relation to drought resistance
Authors: Kurkina Yulia , Batlutskaya Irina , Klueva Violetta , Degtyareva Kristina , Mackanina Olesya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The collection of broad beans for a number of years in the soil and climatic conditions of the city of south of the central chernozem region of Russia on the territory of the National Research University “BelGU” have been studied. The Yu. N. Kurkina field method was used to determine the drought tolerance of bean plants. An analysis of the totality of ecological and morphological traits of forage bean varieties of different origins revealed varieties with pronounced xeromorphicity with low plant heights and narrow leaves. The varieties with high drought resistance have been identified. During the period when fruits are already forming in the lower nodes of plants, and pollination and fertilization are taking place in the flowers of the upper tiers, excess moisture negatively affects the emerging seed yield. A strong correlation was found between the productivity of the green mass and the amount of precipitation at the beginning of flowering. Seed productivity of beans is negatively reflected by high temperatures during the periods of germination and budding, and low temperatures during ripening of fruits and seeds. The productivity of green mass is more strongly influenced by temperature than precipitation
Environmental Impact Bonds: a common framework and looking ahead
Authors: Brand M W , Quesnel Seipp K , Saksa P , Ulibarri N , Bomblies A , Mandle L , Allaire M , Wing O , Tobin-de la Puente J , Parker E A , Nay J , Sanders B F , Rosowsky D , Lee J , Johnson K , Gudino-Elizondo N , Ajami N , Wobbrock N , Adriaens P , Grant S B , Wright S , Gartner T , Knight Z , Gibbons J P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A frequent barrier to addressing some of our world’s most pressing environmental challenges is a lack of funding. Currently, environmental project funding largely comes from philanthropic and public sources, but this does not meet current needs. Increased coordination and collaboration between multiple levels and sectors of government, in addition to private sector funding, can help address the environmental funding challenge. New financial tools and strategies can enable this transition and facilitate uptake of innovative solutions. One such mechanism, the Environmental Impact Bond (EIB), is an emerging financial tool with the potential to transform the environmental funding landscape. However, these financial instruments are not well understood or recognized beyond those actively involved in EIB projects or in the field of conservation finance. As EIBs gain momentum, there is a clear need for a common framework, including definitions and nomenclature, research needs, and outlook for the future. In this paper, we define EIB mechanics, elucidate the difference between EIBs and Green Bonds, and propose a common vocabulary for the field. Drawing on first-hand experience with the few EIBs which have been deployed, we review and assess lessons learned, trends, and paths for the future. Finally, we propose a set of future targets and discuss research goals for the field to unify around. Through this work, we identify a concrete set of research gaps and objectives, providing evidence for EIBs as one important tool in the environmental finance toolbox.
Indolent B-Lineage Precursor Populations Identified by Flow Cytometry and Immunohistochemistry in Benign Lymph Nodes
Authors: Stone Andrew B , Grzywacz Bartosz J , Courville Elizabeth L , Linden Michael A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this retrospective study, we report a series of benign lymph nodes showing small populations of normal B-cell precursors characterized by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.

Methods
Ten cases identified during clinical flow cytometry practice were retrospectively reanalyzed with particular attention to hematogone categorization and enumeration. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on five excisional lymph node biopsy specimens to characterize the morphologic correlate.

Results
Populations of hematogones ranging from 0.13% to 1.86% (median, 0.51%) of all viable leukocytes were demonstrated in 10 benign lymph node samples from eight different patients ranging in age from 17 to 45 years (median, 37.5). These hematogones showed a characteristic immunophenotype (CD19+/CD10+) and maturational pattern by flow cytometry, with progression from stage 1 (median, 0.03%) to stage 2 (median, 0.19%) to stage 3 (median, 0.26%) seen in all cases. Immunohistochemical staining on five excisional biopsy specimens demonstrated a distinct perisinusoidal distribution of CD10+/CD20+ cells with a subset of TdT+ cells, providing a morphologic correlate.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize distinct hematogone populations within benign lymph nodes by both flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Recognizing these normal B-cell precursor populations is important to avoid their miscategorization as a CD10+ B-cell neoplasm.
Relationships between creatinine increase and mortality rates in patients given vancomycin in 76 hospitals: The increasing role of infectious disease pharmacists
Authors: Yu Kalvin C , Yamaga Cynthia , Vankeepuram Latha , Tabak Ying P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Vancomycin is a commonly used antimicrobial with the potential for renal toxicity. We evaluated vancomycin duration, changes in renal function after vancomycin initiation (“post-vancomycin” renal function changes), and associated mortality risk among hospitalized patients.

Methods
We analyzed data from 76 hospitals and excluded patients with a baseline serum creatinine concentration (SCr) of &gt;3.35 mg/dL. We estimated mortality risk relative to vancomycin duration and the magnitude of post-vancomycin SCr change, controlling for demographics, baseline SCr, underlying diseases, clinical acuity, and comorbidities.

Results
Among 128,993 adult inpatients treated with vancomycin, 49.0% did not experience SCr elevation. Among the remaining patients, 26.0%, 11.4%, 8.8% and 4.8% experienced increases in post-vancomycin SCr of 1% to 20%, 21% to 40%, 41% to 100%, and greater than 100%, respectively. Compared to mortality risk among patients with a vancomycin therapy duration between 4 and 5 days (the lowest-mortality group), longer vancomycin therapy duration was not independently associated with higher mortality risk after adjusting for confounders. In contrast, there was a graded relationship between post-vancomycin SCr elevation and mortality. Multivariable adjusted mortality odds ratios ranged from 1.60 to 13.66, corresponding to SCr increases of 10% and greater than 200%, respectively.

Conclusion
Half of patients given vancomycin did not experience SCr elevation and had the lowest mortality, suggesting that vancomycin can be used safely if renal function is stabilized. In the large study cohort, vancomycin duration itself was not an independent predictor of mortality. Post-vancomycin SCr elevation appeared to be a driver of in-hospital mortality. Even a 10% post-vancomycin SCr increase was associated with an increased mortality risk. This finding stresses the importance of closely monitoring renal function and may support the value of pharmacokinetic dosing.
Inquiry and confirmation
Authors: Falbo Arianna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA puzzle arises when combining two individually plausible, yet jointly incompatible, norms of inquiry. On the one hand, it seems that one should not inquire into a question while believing an answer to that question. But, on the other hand, it seems rational to inquire into a question while believing its answer, if one is seeking confirmation. Millson (2021), who has recently identified this puzzle, suggests a possible solution, though he notes that it comes with significant costs. I offer an alternative solution, which does not involve these costs. The best way to resolve the puzzle is to reject the prohibition on inquiring into a question while believing an answer to it. Resolving the puzzle in this way makes salient two fruitful areas in the epistemology of inquiry that merit further investigation. The first concerns the nature of the inquiring attitudes and the second concerns the aim(s) of inquiry.
Mutual mate preferences and assortative mating in relation to a carotenoid-based color trait in blue tits
Authors: Caro Samuel P , Pierre Léo , Bergès Matthieu , Bakker Raldi , Doutrelant Claire , Bonadonna Francesco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Choosing an appropriate sexual partner is a critical decision for many animal species. However, many mechanisms involved in mate choice are still poorly understood. Do both males and females choose their sexual partners, do both sexes use the same criteria for choosing, and do their own phenotype influence the choices they make, are questions that need further investigation. Over two successive experiments conducted in captivity with hand-reared blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), we manipulated the color of the chest plumage, a secondary sexual trait that reflects an individual’s condition, to create two different color morphs (one pale and one colored). We then tested whether both sexes express a preference, whether they are attracted to the same morphs, and if the subjects’ own chest color influences the preference they show. Our data reveal that both sexes are choosy, with females tending to be slightly choosier than males. We also show that both sexes preferentially select individuals with a pale chest plumage over colorful individuals, and this was again more pronounced in females. Finally, paler individuals tend to be selected by birds that are themselves pale, even if this phenotype matching was not very robust. Such a preference for paler individuals is intriguing because mates are predicted to associate with individuals displaying higher, not lower, value of quality signals. It could result from adaptive mechanisms related to avoidance of aggressiveness in a confined environment, avoidance of conflicting sexual signals within individuals, or from cultural mechanisms leading to a preference for individuals that match its own phenotype.
PAX2GRAPHML: a python library for large-scale regulation network analysis using BioPAX
Authors: Moreews François , Simon Hugo , Siegel Anne , Gondret Florence , Becker Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary
PAX2GRAPHML is an open-source Python library that allows to easily manipulate BioPAX source files as regulated reaction graphs described in.graphml format. The concept of regulated reactions, which allows connecting regulatory, signaling and metabolic levels, has been used. Biochemical reactions and regulatory interactions are homogeneously described by regulated reactions involving substrates, products, activators and inhibitors as elements. PAX2GRAPHML is highly flexible and allows generating graphs of regulated reactions from a single BioPAX source or by combining and filtering BioPAX sources. Supported by the graph exchange format .graphml, the large-scale graphs produced from one or more data sources can be further analyzed with PAX2GRAPHML or standard Python and R graph libraries.

Availability and implementation
https://pax2graphml.genouest.org.
Cheetah-MS: a web server to model protein complexes using tandem cross-linking mass spectrometry data
Authors: Khakzad Hamed , Happonen Lotta , Malmström Johan , Malmström Lars 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are central in many biological processes but difficult to characterize, especially in complex, unfractionated samples. Chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry (MS) and computational modeling is gaining recognition as a viable tool in protein interaction studies. Here, we introduce Cheetah-MS, a web server for predicting the PPIs in a complex mixture of samples. It combines the capability and sensitivity of MS to analyze complex samples with the power and resolution of protein–protein docking. It produces the quaternary structure of the PPI of interest by analyzing tandem MS/MS data (also called MS2). Combining MS analysis and modeling increases the sensitivity and, importantly, facilitates the interpretation of the results.

Availability and implementation
Cheetah-MS is freely available as a web server at https://www.txms.org.
Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants and Human Coronaviruses After Single BNT162b2 Vaccination
Authors: Stankov Metodi V , Cossmann Anne , Bonifacius Agnes , Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra , Ramos Gema Morillas , Gödecke Nina , Scharff Anna Zychlinsky , Happle Christine , Boeck Anna-Lena , Tran Anh Thu , Pink Isabell , Hoeper Marius M , Blasczyk Rainer , Winkler Martin S , Nehlmeier Inga , Kempf Amy , Hofmann-Winkler Heike , Hoffmann Markus , Eiz-Vesper Britta , Pöhlmann Stefan , Behrens Georg M N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies are key in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, delays of boost immunization due to limited availability of vaccines may leave individuals vulnerable to infection and prolonged or severe disease courses. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOC)—B.1.1.7 (United Kingdom), B.1.351 (South Africa), and P.1 (Brazil)—may exacerbate this issue, as the latter two are able to evade control by antibodies.

Methods
We assessed humoral and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT), VOC, and endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) that were induced after single and double vaccination with BNT162b2.

Results
Despite readily detectable immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein at day 14 after a single vaccination, inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 S-driven host cell entry was weak and particularly low for the B.1.351 variant. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 WT and VOC-specific T cells were low in many vaccinees after application of a single dose and influenced by immunity against endemic hCoV. The second vaccination significantly boosted T-cell frequencies reactive for WT and B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.

Conclusions
These results call into question whether neutralizing antibodies significantly contribute to protection against COVID-19 upon single vaccination and suggest that cellular immunity is central for the early defenses against COVID-19.
The Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19: Antigen Testing (June 2021)
Authors: Hanson Kimberly E , Altayar Osama , Caliendo Angela M , Arias Cesar A , Englund Janet A , Hayden Mary K , Lee Mark J , Loeb Mark , Patel Robin , El Alayli Abdallah , Sultan Shahnaz , Falck-Ytter Yngve , Lavergne Valery , Mansour Razan , Morgan Rebecca L , Murad M Hassan , Patel Payal , Bhimraj Adarsh , Mustafa Reem A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Immunoassays designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 protein antigens are now commercially available. The most widely used tests are rapid lateral flow assays that generate results in ~15 minutes for diagnosis at the point-of-care. Higher throughput, laboratory-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen (Ag) assays have also been developed. The overall accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 Ag tests, however, is not well defined. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the literature and develop best-practice guidance related to SARS-CoV-2 Ag testing. This guideline is the third in a series of rapid, frequently updated COVID-19 diagnostic guidelines developed by IDSA. IDSA’s goal was to develop evidence-based recommendations or suggestions that assist clinicians, clinical laboratories, patients, public health authorities, administrators, and policymakers in decisions related to the optimal use of SARS-CoV-2 Ag tests in both medical and nonmedical settings. A multidisciplinary panel of infectious diseases clinicians, clinical microbiologists, and experts in systematic literature review identified and prioritized clinical questions related to the use of SARS-CoV-2 Ag tests. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make testing recommendations. The panel agreed on 5 diagnostic recommendations. These recommendations address Ag testing in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals as well as assess single versus repeat testing strategies. Data on the clinical performance of US Food and Drug Administration SARS-CoV-2 Ag tests with Emergency Use Authorization are mostly limited to single, one-time testing versus standard nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) as the reference standard. Rapid Ag tests have high specificity and low to modest sensitivity compared with reference NAAT methods. Antigen test sensitivity is heavily dependent on viral load, with differences observed between symptomatic compared with asymptomatic individuals and the time of testing post-onset of symptoms. Based on these observations, rapid reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or laboratory-based NAAT remain the diagnostic methods of choice for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, when molecular testing is not readily available or is logistically infeasible, Ag testing can help identify some individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overall quality of available evidence supporting use of Ag testing was graded as very low to moderate.
How Many Pop-Stacks Does It Take To Sort A Permutation?
Authors: Albert Michael , Vatter Vincent 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pop-stacks are variants of stacks that were introduced by Avis and Newborn in 1981. Coincidentally, a 1982 result of Unger implies that every permutation of length $n$ can be sorted by $n-1$ passes through a deterministic pop-stack. We give a new proof of this result inspired by Knuth’s zero-one principle.
Race and genetics versus ‘race’ in genetics
Authors: Duello Theresa M , Rivedal Shawna , Wickland Colton , Weller Annika 
Published: June 2021

Lay Summary
A review of the medical literature since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 revealed that race, a social construct created to justify slavery, continues to be used as a genetic category, due to a lack of understanding of the continuous nature of human genetic variation.