bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Difference in Neck Pain or Health-Related Quality Measures Between Patients With or Without Degenerative Cervical Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Kaye Ian David , Sebastian Arjun S. , Wagner Scott C. , Semenza Nicholas , Bowles Daniel , Schroeder Gregory D. , Kepler Chris K. , Woods Barret I. , Radcliff Kris E. , Kurd Mark F. , Rihn Jeff , Anderson David Greg , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. 
Published: September 2021

Study Design This study is a retrospective case control. Objectives This study aims to determine whether cervical degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is associated with increased baseline neck/arm pain and inferior health quality states compared to a similar population without DS. Methods Patient demographics, pre-operative radiographs, and baseline PROMs were reviewed for 315 patients undergoing anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) with at least 1 year of follow-up. Patients were categorized based on the presence (S) or absence of a spondylolisthesis (NS). Statistically significant variables were further explored using multiple linear regression analysis. Results 49/242 (20%) patients were diagnosed with DS, most commonly at the C4–5 level (27/49). The S group was significantly older than the NS group (58.0 ± 10.7 vs 51.9 ± 9.81, P = .001), but otherwise, no demographic differences were identified. Although a higher degree of C2 slope was found among the S cohort (22.5 ± 8.63 vs 19.8 ± 7.78, P = .044), no differences were identified in terms of preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) neck pain or NDI. In the univariate analysis, the NS group had significantly increased VAS arm pain relative to the S group (4.93 ± 3.16 vs 3.86 ± 3.30, P = .045), which was no longer significant in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions Although previous reports have suggested an association between cervical DS and neck pain, we could not associate the presence of DS with increased baseline neck or arm pain. Instead, DS appears to be a relatively frequent (20% in this series) age-related condition reflecting radiographic, rather than necessarily clinical, disease.
The Missionary Vocation Today: What is the Role of the Missionary in a Rapidly Changing Society?: A Selected Reading List on the Christian Missionary.
Authors: Eastman Addison J. , Poetig Richard B. , Price Frank W. 
Published: September 2021

The Reverend Addison J. Eastman has been a missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society in Burma, and is now Director of the Missionary Personnel Program in the Division of Foreign Missions, NCCC-USA. The Reverend Richard B. Poetig has been sent by the Commission on Ecumenical Mission and Relations of the United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. to serve as Minister for Industrial Evangelism, in the United Church of Christ, Manila, The Philippines. Frank W. Price is Director of the Missionary Research Library
Protestant Missionary Obligation at the end of Our Time
Authors: Michalson Carl 
Published: September 2021

This is another article in the preparatory studies on “The Missionary Obligation of the Church” looking toward the Willingen meeting of the international Missionary Council. Presented in 1951 under the auspices of the Division of Foreign Missions of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., its prophetic character is seen more clearly in the perspective of twelve years, for it is more appropriate and helpful now than then. Dr. Michalson is Professor of Systematic Theology at Drew University.
Tolerance, Mission, and Aid to Underdeveloped Countries
Authors: Hanssen-Bauer Svein 
Published: September 2021

This article originally appeared in Norsk tidsskrift for misjon, Volume 16, Number 4 (1962). Publication of this English version is by permission of the Egede Instituttet in Oslo. The translation from the Norwegian was done by Dr. Per Hassing, Associate Professor of Missions at the Boston University School of Theology. The article is of unusual significance for the insights it contains with regard to the resolution of a perplexing and crucial problem in our day, namely, the proper Christian response to the current popular demand for tolerance and neutrality in the matter of religious conviction in the matrix of sensitive nationalisms and extensive intercultural exchange. The Reverend Mr. Svein Hanssen-Bauer, who holds a B.D. degree from the University of Oslo, is an ordained minister of the Church of Norway (Lutheran) and a lektor (teacher) in the Frogner Skole in Oslo. Currently he is directing a study of “The Church and the Underdeveloped Countries” for the Egede Instituttet, of which Professor Doctor O. G. Myklebust is the Director.
Donor bone marrow–derived macrophage MHC II drives neuroinflammation and altered behavior during chronic GVHD in mice
Authors: Adams Rachael C. , Carter-Cusack Dylan , Shaikh Samreen N. , Llanes Genesis T. , Johnston Rebecca L. , Quaife-Ryan Gregory , Boyle Glen , Koufariotis Lambros T. , Möller Andreas , Blazar Bruce R. , Vukovic Jana , MacDonald Kelli P. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the leading cause of nonrelapse mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies. Manifestations of GVHD in the central nervous system (CNS) present as neurocognitive dysfunction in up to 60% of patients; however, the mechanisms driving chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in the CNS are yet to be elucidated. Our studies of murine cGVHD revealed behavioral deficits associated with broad neuroinflammation and persistent Ifng upregulation. By flow cytometry, we observed a proportional shift in the donor-derived T-cell population in the cGVHD brain from early CD8 dominance to later CD4 sequestration. RNA sequencing of the hippocampus identified perturbations to structural and functional synapse-related gene expression, together with the upregulation of genes associated with interferon-γ responses and antigen presentation. Neuroinflammation in the cortex of mice and humans during acute GVHD was recently shown to be mediated by resident microglia-derived tumor necrosis factor. In contrast, infiltration of proinflammatory major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ donor bone marrow (BM)–derived macrophages (BMDMs) was identified as a distinguishing feature of CNS cGVHD. Donor BMDMs, which composed up to 50% of the CNS myeloid population, exhibited a transcriptional signature distinct from resident microglia. Recipients of MHC class II knockout BM grafts exhibited attenuated neuroinflammation and behavior comparable to controls, suggestive of a critical role of donor BMDM MHC class II expression in CNS cGVHD. Our identification of disease mediators distinct from those in the acute phase indicates the necessity to pursue alternative therapeutic targets for late-stage neurological manifestations.
Impact of comorbidity in older patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma: an international retrospective analysis of 891 patients
Authors: Mead Monica , Cederleuf Henrik , Björklund Maja , Wang Xiaoyan , Relander Thomas , Jerkeman Mats , Gaut Daria , Larson Sarah , Ellin Fredrik 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive neoplasms with poor outcomes, commonly affecting older patients with comorbidities. This study aims to describe outcomes of older patients with PTCL in a large international cohort. Patients aged ≥70 years with PTCL diagnosed from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 in the Swedish Lymphoma Registry (SLR) and California Cancer Registry (CCR) were identified. Data on comorbidity were retrospectively collected according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and clinical outcomes were extracted. A total of 891 patients were included (SLR, n = 173; CCR, n = 718). Median age was 77 (SLR) and 78 (CCR) years. Included subtypes were as follows: angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, n = 226; anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, n = 122; enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), n = 31; hepatosplenic TCL, n = 7; natural killer–/T-cell lymphoma, n = 62; PTCL not otherwise specified, n = 443. CCI data were available in 775 patients (87%), and CCI scores were divided into the groups CCI = 0 (39%), CCI = 1 (22%), and CCI &gt; 1 (39%). Median age did not differ among the CCI groups (P = .72). Patients with a CCI &gt; 1 had a worse median overall survival (4.4 months) compared with patients with CCI = 0 (11.9 months) and CCI = 1 (8.4 months; P &lt; .001). Comorbidity and advancing age in as little as 5-year increments are important adverse factors in this group. Most patients died of lymphoma within a year from diagnosis, underscoring the importance of developing new treatments.
Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis of the complete genome of the West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-2) in the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Srihi Haythem , Chatti Noureddine , Ben Mhadheb Manel , Gharbi Jawhar , Abid Nabil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The West Nile virus is a highly contagious agent for a wide range of hosts. Its spread in the Mediterranean region raises several questions about its origin and the risk factors underlying the virus’s dispersal.

Materials and methods
The present study aims to reconstruct the temporal and spatial phylodynamics of West Nile virus lineage 2 in the Mediterranean region using 75 complete genome sequences from different host species retrieved from international databases.

Results
This data set suggests that current strains of WNV-2 began spreading in South Africa or nearby regions in the early twentieth century, and it migrated northwards via at least one route crossing the Mediterranean to reach Hungary in the early 2000s, before spreading throughout Europe. Another introduction event, according to the data set collected and analyses performed, is inferred to have occurred in around 1978. Migratory birds constitute, among others, additional risk factors that enhance the geographical transmission of the infection.

Conclusion
Our data underline the importance of the spatial–temporal tracking of migratory birds and phylodynamic reconstruction in setting up an efficient surveillance system for emerging and reemerging zoonoses in the Mediterranean region.
Does overnight duty affect vascular endothelial function?
Authors: Garu A. , Nitta Eri , Yoshida Yuri , Yata Erika , Tsunematsu Akari , Araki Tsuyoshi , Nagai Atsushi , Yano Shozo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The reactive hyperemia index (RHI), which is obtained from the measurement of peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), is highly associated with the percentage change in the end-diastolic arterial diameter (%flow-mediated dilatation) at reactive hyperemia. Low RHI is reported to be a mortality risk in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. CV events are thought to be induced by physical and mental stress, including long-term fatigue and lack of sleep. However, the relationship between fatigue, lack of sleep, and endothelial function has not yet been established.

Methods
Healthy hospital workers (n = 13, 6 men and 7 women) with an average age of 31.6 years were assigned to this study after they provided written informed consent. During the study period, we conducted 72 measurements of reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) in the morning before or after their duty. At each measurement of the RH-PAT, we recorded the participants’ hours of sleep and evaluated their degree of fatigue using a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results
Although the VAS was significantly less (36 ± 16% and 64 ± 12%, p < 0.001) and the hours of sleep were longer (6.0 ± 1.1 h and 2.3 ± 1.0 h, p < 0.001) before duty compared to those after duty, the RHI was comparable between them (2.12 ± 0.53 vs. 1.97 ± 0.50, p = 0.21). The VAS score was significantly higher in participants with low RHI (< 1.67) than in those with normal RHI (≥ 2.07) (59 ± 13% and 46 ± 21%, respectively, p < 0.05). However, binary logistic regression showed no significant association between low RHI and the VAS when adjusted for systemic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate variability (HRV). In a simple regression analysis, the RHI was significantly correlated with the VAS score but not with sleep duration. A multiple linear regression analysis also showed no significant association between the RHI and VAS scores after adjustment for SBP and HRV.

Conclusions
Vascular endothelial function was not associated with overnight duty, hours of sleep, or degree of fatigue in healthy young adults. Since the RHI may be decreased in severe fatigue conditions through autonomic nerve activity, one should consider the physical and mental conditions of the examinee when evaluating the RH-PAT results.
Costs of inpatient hospitalisations in the last year of life in older New Zealanders: a cohort study
Authors: Scott Oliver W. , Gott Merryn , Edlin Richard , Moyes Simon A. , Muru-Lanning Marama , Kerse Ngaire 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Rapidly ageing populations means that many people now die in advanced age. This paper investigated public hospital and long-term care home costs in the 12 months before death in Māori and non-Māori of advanced age in New Zealand.

Methods
Data from an existing longitudinal study (LiLACS NZ) was used, in which 937 older New Zealanders were enrolled in 2010. At the time of this study, 213 Māori and 241 non-Māori in the cohort had died. National Health Index numbers were linked to the hospitalisation National Minimum Dataset to ascertain public hospitalisation and care home costs in the last year of life.

Results
The average total publicly funded hospital and long-term care home costs in the 12 months prior to death were $16,211 and $17,351 for Māori and non-Māori respectively. Non-Māori tended to have long lengths of stay in their last year of life, and non-Māori men had the highest proportion with high costs and long lengths of stay in care homes. Costs in the last year of life were 8.1 times higher in comparison to costs for individuals who did not die in the same time period.

Conclusion
Despite New Zealand’s commitment to providing an equitable level of healthcare, this study illustrated that ethnic and gender disparities are still apparent at the end of life. This raises questions as to whether money at the end of life is being spent appropriately, and how it could potentially be more equitably targeted to meet the diverse needs of older people and their families.
Early kidney injury predicts disease progression in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study
Authors: Xia Tingting , Zhang Wenjing , Xu Yu , Wang Bin , Yuan Zhiquan , Wu Na , Xiang Ying , Li Chengying , Shan Yifan , Xie Weijia , Wang Youhao , Zhang Yao , Bai Li , Li Yafei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe receptor of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, is more abundant in kidney than in lung tissue, suggesting that kidney might be another important target organ for SARS-CoV-2. However, our understanding of kidney injury caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. This study aimed to explore the association between kidney injury and disease progression in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed by including 2630 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) from 1 February to 13 April 2020. Kidney function indexes and other clinical information were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Associations between kidney function indexes and disease progression were analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards regression and generalized linear mixed model.ResultsWe found that estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) decreased in 22.0% and 24.0% of patients with COVID-19, respectively. Proteinuria was detected in 15.0% patients and hematuria was detected in 8.1% of patients. Hematuria (HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.50–3.78), proteinuria (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.33–3.51), elevated baseline serum creatinine (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.92–4.21) and blood urea nitrogen (HR 3.54, 95% CI 2.36–5.31), and decrease baseline eGFR (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.07–2.34) were found to be independent risk factors for disease progression after adjusted confounders. Generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that the dynamic trajectories of uric acid was significantly related to disease progression.ConclusionThere was a high proportion of early kidney function injury in COVID-19 patients on admission. Early kidney injury could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage.Graphic abstract
Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) participant’s profile regarding self-rated health: a multiple correspondence analysis
Authors: Lopes de Oliveira Thaís , Oliveira Raquel Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de , Griep Rosane Harter , Moreno Arlinda B. , Almeida Maria da Conceição Chagas de , Almquist Ylva Brännström , Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes da 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelf-rated health (SRH) - one of the most common health indicators used to verify health conditions - can be influenced by several types of socioeconomic conditions, thereby reflecting health inequalities. This study aimed to evaluate the participant profiles regarding the association between self-rated health and social and occupational characteristics of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).MethodsCross-sectional design, including 11,305 individuals. Self-rated health was categorized as good, fair, and poor. The relationship between socio-demographic, psychosocial work environment, health-related variables, and self-rated health was analyzed by multiple correspondence analysis (stratified by age: up to 49 years old and 50 years old or more).ResultsFor both age strata, group composition was influenced by socioeconomic conditions. Poor SRH was related to lower socioeconomic conditions, being women, black self-declared race/ethnicity, being non-married/non-united, low decision authority, low skill discretion, and obesity.ConclusionTo promote health, interventions should focus on reducing existing socioeconomic, race, and gender inequalities in Brazil.
The water incident database (WAID) 2012 to 2019: a systematic evaluation of the documenting of UK drownings
Authors: Hills Samuel P. , Hobbs Matthew , Tipton Michael J. , Barwood Martin J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Death by drowning is a leading cause of accidental death in the United Kingdom (UK) and worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that effective documentation of drowning is required to describe drowning frequency and to underpin effective drowning prevention intervention, thus improving the quality of data describing drowning frequency represents a key initiative. The water incident database (WAID) has been used to document UK fatal and non-fatal water-based incidents since 2009. WAID has not undergone a systematic evaluation of its data or data collection procedures to establish if the database meets the WHO requirements. The present study investigated the characteristics of UK fatal drowning incidents and audited current WAID data capture procedures.

Methods
Data for the fatal drowning cases recorded between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed. Descriptive data were generated 1) to describe fatal drownings in the UK’s WAID in this period; 2) a sub-set of drownings were audited i) for completeness of data entry and, based on source documents, ii) for quality of data entry; 3) these processes were used to make recommendations for onward revisions to WAID.

Results
A total of 5051 fatalities were recorded between 2012 and 2019. Drowning was most frequent amongst males aged 35 to 60 years (n = 1346), whilst suspected accidents and suicides accounted for 44 and 35% of fatalities. Suicide by drowning was at a peak in the most recent year of data analysed (i.e., 2019; 279 cases) highlighting an urgent need for targeted intervention. Audit part 2i) indicated that 16% of all fields were incomplete, thus indicating potential redundancy, duplication, or the need for onward review. Audit part 2ii) indicated high levels of agreement (80 ± 12%) between audited cases and the ‘true’ WAID entries.

Conclusions
This study confirms WAID as a rigorous, transparent and effective means of documenting UK drownings thereby meeting WHO requirements for data quality; yet future improvements are recommended. Such findings allow researchers and policy makers to use WAID to further investigate UK drowning with a view to improving public safety measures and drowning prevention interventions. Observations alongside several expert recommendations have informed a revised version of WAID.
Prevalence of depression and its associated factors in bronchiectasis: findings from KMBARC registry
Authors: Lee Ji-Ho , Lee Won-Yeon , Yong Suk Joong , Kim Woo Jin , Sin Sooim , Lee Chang Youl , Kim Youlim , Jung Ji Ye , Kim Sang-Ha ,   the KMBARC, Oh Yeon-Mok , Lee Hyun , Choi Hayoung , Sim Yun Su , Yoo Kwang Ha , Lee Seung Jun , Kim Tae-Hyung , Yang Bumhee , Jeong Ina , Um Soo-Jung , Kim Deog Kyeom , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kwon Byoung Soo , Cho Young-Jae , Lee Chang-Hoon , Rhee Chin Kook , Lee Sang Haak , Na Ju-Ok , Jang An-Soo , Kim Changhwan , Kim Hyun Kuk , Park Hye Yun , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Sei Won , Ra Seung Won , Kang Sung-Yoon , Kim Yee Hyung , Park Yong Bum , Park So-Young , Kim Junghyun , Yoon Young-Soon , Jeong Yun Jeong , Lee Jung-Kyu , Kim Ki Uk , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Kim Eun Kyung , Lee Se Hee , Choi Jae Sung , Kang Hyung Koo , Kwon Yong-Soo , Lee Jae Ha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
With the emergence of bronchiectasis as a common respiratory disease, epidemiological data have accumulated. However, the prevalence and impact of psychological comorbidities were not sufficiently evaluated. The present study examined the prevalence of depression and its associated factors in patients with bronchiectasis.

Methods
This study involved a multicenter cohort of bronchiectasis patients recruited from 33 pulmonary specialist hospitals. The baseline characteristics and bronchiectasis-related factors at enrollment were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

Results
Of the 810 patients enrolled in the study, 168 (20.7%) patients had relevant depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10), and only 20 (11.9%) patients had a diagnosis of depression. Significant differences were noted in the depressive symptoms with disease severity, which was assessed using the Bronchiectasis Severity Index and E-FACED (all p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms inversely correlated with quality-of-life (r = − 0.704, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with fatigue severity score (r = 0.712, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that depression was significantly associated with the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale ≥ 2 (OR 2.960, 95% CI 1.907–4.588, p =  < 0.001) and high number of exacerbations (≥ 3) in the previous year (OR 1.596, 95% CI 1.012–2.482, p = 0.041).

Conclusions
Depression is common, but its association with bronchiectasis was underrecognized. It negatively affected quality-of-life and presented with fatigue symptoms. Among the bronchiectasis-related factors, dyspnea and exacerbation were closely associated with depression. Therefore, active screening for depression is necessary to optimize the treatment of bronchiectasis.

Trial registration

The study was registered at Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS), Republic of Korea (KCT0003088). The date of registration was June 19th, 2018.