bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support needs of parents in neonatal intensive care unit: An integrative review
Authors: Adama Esther Abena , Adua Eric , Bayes Sara , Mörelius Evalotte 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHaving an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with intense emotional stress for both mothers and fathers. However, with the right support from staff, this stress can be reduced significantly. Although evidence on needs of parents in the neonatal unit exists, there is lack of a systematic integrative review on the support needs of parents in the neonatal unit. Current review evidence is needed to support busy neonatal unit clinicians in their practice.Aim and objectivesThe purpose of this integrative review is to explore the current available evidence to describe and understand the support needs of parents of infants in the NICU.MethodsThe integrative review process of Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used to guide this study. Six databases—MEDLINE, CINHAL, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and PsycINFO—were searched for eligible studies using relevant keywords. Primary studies published in English language from 2010 to 2021 were reviewed following a pre‐determined inclusion criteria. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The review report is guided by the PRISMA 2020 checklist for systematic reviews.ResultsOverall, 24 primary qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies were included in the review. Analysis of included studies resulted in six themes that demonstrate the support needs of parents in the NICU; 1. Information needs; 2. Emotionally intelligent staff; 3. Hands‐on support; 4. Targeted support; 5. Emotional needs; and 6. Practical needs.ConclusionThis review has presented the current evidence on the needs of parents from their own perspective. Healthcare workers’ understanding and supporting these needs in the NICU is likely to increase parental satisfaction and improve health outcomes for parents, infants and their family.Relevance to clinical practiceParents of infants in the NICU require staff support to enhance their experiences, well‐being, caring and parenting confidence during admission and post‐discharge. As parents are in constant need for informational, emotional and practical support, continuing professional development for NICU staff should place emphasis on effective communication strategies, enhancing emotional intelligence and empathy among staff. NICU staff should build positive ongoing relationships with parents and provide targetted support for mothers and fathers.
Ignorance illusion in decisions under risk: The impact of perceived expertise on probability weighting
Authors: Baars Maren , Goedde‐Menke Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrent decision‐making models assume that an individual's attitude towards risk is unique. Hence, a decision maker's processing of probabilities and the resulting degree of probability weighting should not vary within the domain of risk. This paper provides evidence that challenges this assumption. We conduct two experiments involving different gambles, that is, risky games where objective probabilities are known, no further information‐based advantages exist, and outcomes are independent of knowledge. Even though all probabilities are explicitly provided, we find that individuals exhibit more pronounced inverse‐S‐shaped probability weighting if they perceive their level of expertise regarding a gamble to be lower. This result suggests that individuals are subject to ignorance illusion in decisions under risk, constituting expertise‐dependent risk attitudes. We document that ignorance illusion stems from the wrongly assigned importance of perceived expertise in the decision‐making process and that it occurs in both the gain and the loss domain.
A computational framework for finite element modeling of traveling loads on bridges in dynamic regime
Authors: De Risi Raffaele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rigorous modeling of traveling loads on bridges in a dynamic regime is not an easy task as the traveling load contributes to the dynamic of the structural system with its mass and damping. In this paper, a simplified approach for traveling loads on bridges in dynamic regime is proposed. The main simplification consists in neglecting the traveling mass. The validity of the proposed simplification is checked with a sensitivity analysis considering a few realistic case‐study bridges. The ranges of velocity and traveling‐force/bridge‐weight ratio are identified. Eventually, the proposed methodology is applied to two case studies, (i) an existing Italian reinforced concrete viaduct and (ii) a pedestrian bridge. The applications show that the proposed simplified approach can be applied to a range of civil engineering problems such as the quantification of the structural reliability of existing structures or the assessment of pedestrian comfort.
Temperature during seed maturation controls seed vigour through ABA breakdown in the endosperm and causes a passive effect on DOG1 mRNA levels during entry into quiescence
Authors: Chen Xiaochao , Yoong Fei‐Yian , O'Neill Carmel M. , Penfield Steven 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Temperature variation during seed set is an important modulator of seed dormancy and impacts the performance of crop seeds through effects on establishment rate. It remains unclear how changing temperature during maturation leads to dormancy and growth vigour differences in nondormant seedlings.

Here we take advantage of the large seed size in Brassica oleracea to analyse effects of temperature on individual seed tissues.

We show that warm temperature during seed maturation promotes seed germination, while removal of the endosperm from imbibed seeds abolishes temperature‐driven effects on germination. We demonstrate that cool temperatures during early seed maturation lead to abscisic acid (ABA) retention specifically in the endosperm at desiccation. During this time temperature affects ABA dynamics in individual seed tissues and regulates ABA catabolism. We also show that warm‐matured seeds preinduce a subset of germination‐related programmes in the endosperm, whereas cold‐matured seeds continue to store maturation‐associated transcripts including DOG1 because of effects on mRNA degradation before quiescence, rather than because of the effect of temperature on transcription.

We propose that effects of temperature on seed vigour are explained by endospermic ABA breakdown and the divergent relationships between temperature and mRNA breakdown and between temperature, seed moisture and the glass transition.
A systematic review and meta‐analyses of food preference modifications after bariatric surgery
Authors: Guyot Erika , Dougkas Anestis , Nazare Julie‐Anne , Bagot Sarah , Disse Emmanuel , Iceta Sylvain 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analyses aimed to synthesize evidence of the link between bariatric surgery and changes in food preferences, considering the method of assessment. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cinahl, PsychINFO, ProQuest, and Open grey were searched incorporating two blocks of terms (“Intervention” and “Food Preferences”). Interventional or observational studies involving patients (BMI ≥ 35 kg m−2) with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and a control group were included. Meta‐analyses were performed comparing the standardized daily mean percentage energy from proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids between preoperative and postoperative patients. Fifty‐seven studies concerning 2,271 patients with RYGB and 903 patients with SG met the inclusion criteria, of which 24 were eligible for meta‐analysis. Despite a total reduction in macronutrient intakes, the meta‐analyses revealed a postoperative increase in percentage energy from proteins at 12 months (0.24, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.46, {I2} = 73%) and a decrease in percentage energy from fat at 1 month (−0.47, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.09, {I2} = 72%), up to 24 months (−0.20, 95% CI: −0.31, 0.08, {I2} = 0%). In conclusion, the present systematic review and meta‐analyses showed changes of food preferences in terms of macronutrient, food selection and, overall food appreciation up to 5 years following bariatric surgery.
Assessment of environmental implications of energy consumption towards sustainable development in G7 countries
Authors: Gyamfi Bright Akwasi , Bein Murad A. , Bekun Festus Victor , Yaw Sarpong Steve , Vinh VO Xuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFollowing universal debate for energy sources and sustainable development across the globe, with its far‐reaching implications on the environment, this crusade aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs). The study variables are based on the SDGs‐7, 8, and 13 that highlights access to clean energy, sustainable economic growth and mitigation of climate change issues. Awareness of environmental sustainability has received much consideration because of the hazards associated with climate change issues in recent times. Studies on environmental quality and pollution emissions (CO2) are becoming increasingly interesting. It is reported that human activities and increasing economic issues resolve environmental‐related challenges. In the light of this, we assess how employment moderates energy consumption and climate change for G7 countries. We utilise panel co‐integration and long‐run regression using dynamic ordinary and fully modified ordinary least squares to institute the magnitude of long‐run elasticity among the outlined variables. Panel heterogeneous techniques are used to detect the direction of causality for the annual data from 1990 to 2016. The empirical result shows a clear significant correlation between variables and the long‐run relationship between pollutant releases and energy utilisation, employment and real output. The study finds an inverse relationship between trade and pollutant emissions, thus suggesting that openness trade mitigates against environmental degradation in the sampled blocs. The causality analysis reveals a bidirectional causality between emissions and employment and a unidirectional causality between emissions, real GDP, energy utilisation and trade. These results have far‐reaching outcomes on environmental fronts and economic growth highlighted in this study.
Gastric emptying time of two different quantities of clear fluids in children: A double‐blinded randomized controlled study
Authors: Taye Sunny , Mohammed Sadik , Bhatia Pradeep , Kumar Mritunjay , Chhabra Swati , Kumar Rakesh , Kumari Kamlesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative pulmonary aspiration risk increases with increased preoperative gastric volume; hence traditionally, healthy children are kept fasted overnight before surgery. Current guidelines recommend 2‐h clear fluids fasting prior to anesthesia. However, emerging evidence favors allowing 3 ml/kg clear fluids up to 1‐h before anesthesia. We compared the gastric volume and gastric emptying time after ingestion of 3 ml/kg and 5 ml/kg of clear fluids.MethodsThe present study enrolled 44 children, aged between 6 and 14 years. On the day of surgery, baseline gastric volume was estimated using ultrasound and patients were randomly allocated into two groups of equal number, that is, Group 3 and Group 5 (patients received 3 ml/kg and 5 ml/kg 5% Dextrose respectively). Repeated gastric ultrasound was performed at every 5 min until the gastric volume reached baseline levels. The primary objective of the study was to compare gastric emptying time. Secondary objectives included comparison of antral cross‐sectional area and gastric volume.ResultsThe demographic profile, preoperative fasting duration for clear fluids, and baseline gastric volume were comparable between groups. In both groups, compared to baseline the antral cross‐sectional area and gastric volume increased significantly following fluid ingestion and then decreased exponentially to reach baseline within 1‐h. The median (IQR) (range) gastric emptying time (minutes) [35.0 (28.8, 40.0) (20.0–45.0) in group 3 and 40.0 (28.8, 45.0) (20.0−50.0) in group 5] and emptying half‐time (minutes) [17.0 (15.7, 21.5) (14.4–24.0) in group 3 and 18.6 (16.0, 22.0) (15.1–23.8) in group 5] were comparable [median difference −5 (95% CI −7.8 to 2.1) and –1.5 (95% CI −2.3 to 1.0), respectively] (p = .16 andp = .44, respectively).ConclusionAs the gastric volume returned to baseline within 1‐h even after ingesting 5 ml/kg clear fluids, the preoperative fasting time can be reduced to 1‐h and healthy children undergoing elective procedure can be safely allowed to drink up to 5 ml/kg clear fluids.
Perceived parenting before adolescence and parity have direct and indirect effects via depression and anxiety on maternal–infant bonding in the perinatal period
Authors: Fukui Naoki , Motegi Takaharu , Watanabe Yuichiro , Hashijiri Koyo , Tsuboya Ryusuke , Ogawa Maki , Sugai Takuro , Egawa Jun , Enomoto Takayuki , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2021

AimThis study was aimed towards detecting how perceived parenting practices before adolescence affect maternal–infant bonding in the perinatal period, considering factors such as depression, anxiety, and parity.MethodsWe used the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) to examine perceived parenting practices. Participants included 1301 pregnant women who completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Mother‐to‐Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) at three time points: early pregnancy (approximately 12–15 weeks), late pregnancy (approximately 30–34 weeks) and postpartum (4 weeks after childbirth). We performed a path analysis with factors including parity, PBI subscales (paternal care, paternal overprotection, maternal care and maternal overprotection), HADS and MIBS.ResultsPerceived paternal or maternal low care parenting predicted higher HADS and MIBS scores in early pregnancy. Moreover, perceived maternal low care parenting predicted higher HADS scores at postpartum and higher MIBS scores in late pregnancy. Perceived paternal or maternal overprotective parenting predicted higher HADS scores in the pregnancy period. Furthermore, perceived maternal overprotective parenting predicted higher MIBS scores in late pregnancy. Being primipara predicted higher HADS scores at postpartum and higher MIBS scores in early pregnancy and at postpartum. Being multipara predicted higher MIBS scores in late pregnancy.ConclusionThis study suggests that perceived negative parenting before adolescence has indirect effects (via anxiety and depression) and direct effects on maternal–infant bonding in the perinatal period.
Clinical study of graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric nonmalignant diseases with different doses anti‐human T‐lymphocyte immunoglobulin
Authors: Atay Didem , Akcay Arzu , Yenigurbuz Fatma Demir , Akinci Burcu , Bagirova Konul , Hasanova Samira , Ozturk Gulyuz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐human T‐lymphocyte immunoglobulin is commonly used as prophylaxis for graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors. The studies according to optimum dose of ATLG especially in pediatric patients are limited.Patients and MethodsOutcomes of 99 pediatric patients diagnosed with nonmalignant diseases, who received ATLG as GVHD prophylaxis for matched unrelated donor HSCT at a dose of 10 mg/kg (group 1), 20 mg/kg (group 2), and 30 mg/kg (group 3), were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe incidences of acute and chronic GVHD were statistically not different between three groups (p = .20 and p = .13), but we did not observe chronic GVHD in group 3 patients. Cox regression analysis showed that ATLG dose of 10 mg/kg (p = .007) and severe acute GVHD (p = .001) were significant prognostic factors for inferior overall survival. Although ATLG dose of 10 mg/kg is effective in pediatric patients on acute and chronic GVHD prevention, TRM and overall survival were superior in ATLG doses ≥20 mg/kg (p = .04 and p = .037) with no difference between 20 and 30 mg/kg.ConclusionAlthough ATLG dose of 10 mg/kg is effective in pediatric patients on acute and chronic GVHD prevention and safe from the point of infection, TRM and OS were superior in ATLG doses ≥20 mg/kg with no difference between 20 and 30 mg/kg. These observations should be supported with other multicenter prospective studies including larger patient population.
Barriers related to COVID‐19 testing intention
Authors: Shahrour Ghada , Jaradat Diana , Dardas Latefa Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough vaccination against the COVID‐19 disease has recently become available, individuals are expressing fear and hesitancy towards receiving it. As a result, testing for COVID‐19 is still considered a vital method to contain infection. For testing to be effective, barriers towards testing intention need to be investigated; and available literature on the challenges are scarce. This study aimed to investigate barriers of COVID‐19 testing among a sample of Jordanian adults and predict testing intention within the context of these barriers.MethodsA cross‐sectional, descriptive, and predictive design was employed in this study among a sample of 1074 Jordanian adults.ResultsThree clusters of barriers predicted testing intention; perceived discrimination at work, concerns of individual's privacy, and having negative feelings towards testing. While perceived discrimination at work and privacy concerns were negatively associated with individuals’ intention for testing, experiencing negative feelings towards COVID‐19 testing was a positive predictor.ConclusionWithin the context of the study findings, public health nurses need to promote safety at the workplace, protect an individual's privacy, and eliminate negative feelings towards testing uptake through the provision of accurate and up‐to‐date information regarding the COVID‐19 disease.
Their OSCE, not your Oscar: Simulated Patients’ Perspectives
Authors: Sullivan Clare , Condron Claire M. , O'Connor Laura , Pawlikowska Teresa , Murray James M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSimulated patients (SPs) are involved widely in the support of health care education for communication and consultation skills teaching. This study aimed to explore SPs' perspectives of their role and contribution to health professions education.MethodsA qualitative approach was used. Twenty‐two SPs (actor and non‐actor) involved in teaching at the Royal College of Surgeons Ireland (RCSI) participated in one of four focus groups, which were audiorecorded. Two focus groups involved professional actors (n = 7), and two focus groups involved non‐actor SPs (n = 15). Transcribed data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe first theme ‘Reward of Contribution’ highlights how the SP role is situated in a position of mutual benefit for both SP and student. The second theme ‘Multiple Personas’ demonstrates the complexity of SP role portrayal. The third theme ‘Culture and Communication’ is a new finding and demonstrates the role SPs feel they have in helping to change the culture of health care practice. The fourth theme ‘A touchy subject’ addresses the preferences of SPs concerning involvement in both intimate and nonintimate physical examination.ConclusionsSPs believe they have an important role to play in health care education and they also learn from their involvement. SPs' perspectives need to be considered to ensure they feel supported in their role and that their unique insights remain beneficial for student learning.
MSI4/FVE is required for accumulation of 24‐nt siRNAs and DNA methylation at a subset of target regions of RNA‐directed DNA methylation
Authors: Huang Pei , Huang Huan , Lin Xueqiang , Liu Pan , Zhao Lun , Nie Wen‐Feng , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Lang Zhaobo 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYDNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark. In plants, de novo DNA methylation occurs mainly through the RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. Researchers have previously inferred that a flowering regulator, MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA1 4 (MSI4)/FVE, is involved in non‐CG methylation at several RdDM targets, suggesting a role of FVE in RdDM. However, whether and how FVE affects RdDM genome‐wide is not known. Here, we report that FVE is required for DNA methylation at thousands of RdDM target regions. In addition, dysfunction of FVE significantly reduces 24‐nucleotide siRNA accumulation that is dependent on factors downstream in the RdDM pathway. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP‐seq), we show that FVE directly binds to FVE‐dependent 24‐nucleotide siRNA cluster regions. Our results also indicate that FVE may function in RdDM by physically interacting with RDM15, a downstream factor in the RdDM pathway. Our study has therefore revealed that FVE, by associating with RDM15, directly regulates DNA methylation and siRNA accumulation at a subset of RdDM targets.
Overexpression of a wheat α‐amylase type 2 impact on starch metabolism and abscisic acid sensitivity during grain germination
Authors: Zhang Qin , Pritchard Jenifer , Mieog Jos , Byrne Keren , Colgrave Michelle L. , Wang Ji‐Rui , Ral Jean‐Philippe F. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryDespite being of vital importance for seed establishment and grain quality, starch degradation remains poorly understood in organs such as cereal or legume seeds. In cereals, starch degradation requires the synergetic action of different isoforms of α‐amylases. Ubiquitous overexpression of TaAmy2 resulted in a 2.0–437.6‐fold increase of total α‐amylase activity in developing leaf and harvested grains. These increases led to dramatic alterations of starch visco‐properties and augmentation of soluble carbohydrate levels (mainly sucrose and α‐gluco‐oligosaccharide) in grain. Interestingly, the overexpression of TaAMY2 led to an absence of dormancy in ripened grain due to abscisic acid (ABA) insensitivity. Using an allosteric α‐amylase inhibitor (acarbose), we demonstrated that ABA insensitivity was due to the increased soluble carbohydrate generated by the α‐amylase excess. Independent from the TaAMY2 overexpression, inhibition of α‐amylase during germination led to the accumulation of soluble α‐gluco‐oligosaccharides without affecting the first stage of germination. These findings support the hypotheses that (i) endosperm sugar may overcome ABA signalling and promote sprouting, and (ii) α‐amylase may not be required for the initial stage of grain germination, an observation that questions the function of the amylolytic enzyme in the starch degradation process during germination.
Cambrian–Lower Ordovician of SW Quebec–NE New York
Authors: Hersi Osman Salad , Landing Ed , Franzi David , Hagadorn James 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The Ottawa aulacogen/graben on the NE US—Canadian (SW Quebec and eastern Ontario) border is a long ENE-trending structure formed with initial late Neo proterozoic rifting of the Rodinia supercontinent. This rifting formed the active spreading arms (New York Promontory and Quebec Reentrant) along the (presently) NE margin of the new Laurentia paleocontinent, with the Ottawa aulacogen commonly regarded as a failed arm of the rifting. However, no sediment accumulation in the aulacogen is recorded until the late early Cambrian subsidence of a SE- trending belt that includes the aulacogen and its extension, the Franklin Basin, in NW Vermont. Late early Cambrian marine onlap (Altona Formation) followed by more rapid late middle Cambrian subsidence and deposition of fluviatile arkoses (Covey Hill Formation of SW Quebec and Ausable Formation/Member of eastern New York) record rapid foundering of this “failed arm.” Subsequent deposition (latest middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician) in the Ottawa aulacogen produced a vertical succession of lithofacies that are fully comparable with those of the shelf of the New York Promontory. One of the greatest challenges in summarizing the geological history of the Ottawa aulacogen is the presence of a duplicate stratigraphic nomenclature with lithostratigraphic names changing as state and provincial borders are crossed.