bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of SiO2 Content and Shape on Mechanical Properties of Al Matrix Composites
Authors: Khademi Davoud , Khodeir Elahe , Mahdizadeh Seyed Mostafa , Yari Hamideh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Physical properties and processing parameters of the reinforcing phase such as shape and content can dramatically influence the mechanical properties of the composites. In this project, the effect of different shapes of silicon dioxide or silica (SiO2) reinforcement including nanoparticle and nanotube as well as their weight percent (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt %) on the mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) composite were investigated. The silica nanotubes (SNTs) were prepared by hydrothermal methods. In order to achieve a good dispersion, Al powders were coated by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to obtain a surface positive charge. Then, SiO2–Al powders were obtained by electrostatic self-assembly to realize the homogeneous adsorption of SiO2 nano reinforcement on Al powders. Finally, SiO2-reinforced Al matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy. Characterization of composites was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For determination of the mechanical properties of the composite, the compressive strength and density were investigated.Results showed a significant reduction in the relative density from 98% to 84% for composites containing 0 to 10 wt % of SiO2. The compressive strength exhibited a moderate increase by adding SNTs while in samples containing SiO2 nanoparticles, the mechanical properties improved and reached a peak value of 225 MPa at 5 wt % SiO2 nanoparticles (~40% increase compared to pure Al). However, a further increase in nanotubes content resulted in a considerable reduction in compressive strength. This can be attributed to the increase in porosity and agglomeration of nano reinforcement in the composite.
Modeling the COVID-19 Outbreak in India — with an Analysis of the Socio-Economic Scenario
Authors: Saikia Debashis , Bora Kalpana , Bora Madhurjya P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a modeling and analysis of the COVID-19 outbreak in India with an emphasis on the socio-economic composition, based on the progress of the pandemic in 11 federal states where the outbreak is the largest in terms of total number of infectives. Our model is based on the susceptible-exposed-infectives-removed (SEIR) model, including an asymptomatic transmission, time dependent incubation period and time dependent transmission rate. We carry out the analysis with the available

disease data up to the end of August 2020, with a projection of 54 days into the months of September and October 2020, based on the past data. Overall, we have presented a projection up to 400 days (till April 18, 2021) for India. We also find the existence of a critical day, signifying a sudden shift in the transmission pattern of the disease, with interesting relation of the behavior of the pandemic with demographic and socio-economic parameters. The results of this work can be used as a future guidance to follow in case of similar pandemics in the developing countries.
Sperm Has an Impact on Embryonic Development and Clinical Outcomes: A Study of Sibling Oocytes.
Authors: Zhao Haibin , Yang Zhen , Li Mei , Wu Keliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGood quality gametes are necessary to produce high-quality embryos in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Both the sperm and oocyte genomes constitute the embryonic genome. Up to now, there is debate about the effect of paternal factors on embryo quality and reproductive outcomes. To investigate whether paternal factors can influence embryonic development and the clinical outcomes.MethodsThe study included 50 patients undergoing split IVF/ICSI procedures: half with sperm from the partner and half with sperm from the donor. In total, 295 sibling oocytes were obtained and fertilized in two groups: partner sperm group (n=145) and donor sperm group (n=150). The main outcomes were the oocyte utilization rate (OUR) and the live birth rate (LBR).ResultsThe OUR in the partner sperm group was significantly lower than that in the donor sperm group (18.62% vs. 38.00%, P<0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and the LBR in the group of oocytes fertilized by the partner’s sperm was significantly lower than that in the group fertilized by donor sperm (25.00% vs. 57.14%, P=0.03; 16.67% vs. 50.00%, P=0.02, respectively). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis results showed the partner sperm was associated with a significant decrease in the utilized oocyte rate and the live birth rate compared to the donor sperm (OR=0.63; 95% CI [0.42-0.94]; P=0.023 and OR=0.16; 95% CI [0.04-0.69]; P=0.014, respectively ).Conclusions﻿This study provides strong evidence to support the fact that paternal factors exert influence on embryonic development and clinical outcomes. Further studies are required to confirm and elaborate on our conclusions.
Exponential or Pareto: towards an evolution of equal opportunity
Authors: Tao Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pareto distribution and exponential distribution are related by the generalized Pareto distribution, which has been proposed to describe the income structure of the total population. The underlying mechanism for driving the Pareto distribution has been known as the Matthew effect of income accumulation. Today, the Pareto distribution has been observed universally in the richest class (1%~3% of populations); however, this distribution could dominate a larger proportion of populations when the investigation dated back to Renaissance Europe, Hungarian medieval society, and ancient Egypt. By contrast, the underlying mechanism for driving exponential income distribution is due to the equal opportunity of market competition, which radically differs from the Matthew effect. Here, we empirically find that, during the last 40 years, the income structures of different market-economy countries uniformly exhibit a two-class pattern, in which the great majority of populations obeys an exponential distribution and only the remaining (richest) part follows a Pareto distribution. In particular, we empirically show how the income structure in China evolved to an exponential distribution after the market-oriented economic reformation. The finding of a larger proportion of populations evolving to an exponential income distribution may reveal a potential trend of human civilization towards equal opportunity.
Phenotypic characterization of X-linked hypophosphatemia in pediatric Spanish population.
Authors: Rodríguez-Rubio Enrique , Gil-Peña Helena , Chocrón Sara , Madariaga Leire , Cerda-Ojeda Francisco De la , Fernández-Fernández Marta , de Lucas-Collantes Carmen , Gil Marta , Luis-Yanes Mª Isabel , Vergara Inés , González-Rodríguez Juan David , Ferrando Susana , Gamero Montserrat Antón , Hidalgo-Barquero Marta Carrasco , Fernández-Escribano Angustias , Fernández-Maseda Mª Ángeles , Espinosa Laura , Oliet Aniana , Vicente Antonio , Ariceta Gema , Santos Fernando 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND X-Linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary rare disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in PHEX gene leading tohypophosphatemia and high renal loss of phosphate. Rickets and growth retardation are the major manifestations of XLH in children, but there is a broad phenotypic variability. Few publications have reported large series of patients. Current data on the clinical spectrum of the disease, the correlation with the underlying gene mutations, and the long-term outcome of patients on conventional treatment are needed, particularly because of the recent availability of new specific medications to treat XLH. RESULTS The RenalTube database was used to retrospectively analyze 48 Spanish patients (15 men) from 39 different families, ranging from 3 months to 8 years and 2 months of age at the time of diagnosis (median age of 2.0 years), and with XLH confirmed by genetic analysis. Bone deformities, radiological signs of active rickets and growth retardation were the most common findings at diagnosis. Mean (±SEM) height was -1.89 ± 0.19 SDS and 55% (22/40) of patients had height SDS below - 2. All cases had hypophosphatemia, serum phosphate being -2.81 ± 0.11 SDS. Clinical manifestations and severity of the disease were similar in both genders. No genotype – phenotype correlation was found. Conventional treatment did not attenuate growth retardation after a median follow up of 7.42 years (IQR = 11.26; n=26 patients) and failed to normalize serum concentrations of phosphate. Eleven patients had mild hyperparathyroidism and 8 patients nephrocalcinosis. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that growth retardation and rickets were the most prevalent clinical manifestations at diagnosis in a large series of Spanish pediatric patients with XLH confirmed by mutations in the PHEX gene. Traditional treatment with phosphate and vitamin D supplements did not improve height or corrected hypophosphatemia and was associated with a risk of hyperparathyroidism and nephrocalcinosis. The severity of the disease was similar in males and females.
Quantitative determination of energy potential of refuse derived fuel from the waste recovered from Indian landfill
Authors: Cheela V R Sankar , John Michele , Dubey Brajesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Landfills are urban stocks and resource reservoirs for potential energy recovery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of energy that could be recovered from aged waste (around 5-20 yr old) recovered from landfills. Investigations were conducted on the physical and chemical properties of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) prepared from recovered landfill waste (RLW) in Andhra Pradesh, India. Waste characterization studies included determination of waste composition, proximity analysis, ultimate analysis, and energy content. The moisture content ranged between 25.7 to 31.3%, however, no trend was observed with age. In the ultimate analysis, the percentage of carbon increased from 42.9 to 71.7% with the age of the samples, this is due to an increase in the plastic content over time. The calorific value of the recovered landfill waste ranged from 10.4 to 21.8 MJ kg-1. From the findings, it can be summarized that the RDF can potentially be utilized as a feedstock for the recovery of energy from RLW. The results from this study will assist policy makers and local authorities in designing and developing strategies for resource and energy recovery from landfills in different urban cites across the globe.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding – A Clinico-pathological Study
Authors: . Sarita , Marla Nisha J , . Nagarathna , S Jayaprakash C 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) can occur at any age in a woman`s reproductive period and needs to be assessed very carefully and immediately. When it occurs in the older age group, a more meticulous screening for malignancy is imperative so that treatment can be more radical. Dilatation and curettage is a simple, cost effective, safe and a reliable investigation and it gives us a direct access to the target organ.
Methods:
Study was conducted prospectively on 162 patients presenting with AUB in reproductive, perimenopausal and postmenopausal age group. All the endometrial samples procured from the endometrial curettage were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 12-24 hours, processed in the automated tissue processor, cut and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E) stain and were finally studied in detail for the morphological findings under light microscopy.
Result:
In our study Secretory endometrium was most common type, which was followed by Proliferative endometrium. Disordered proliferative endometrium and Endometrial hyperplasia were the commonest histopathological patterns seen in AUB of organic type. Endometrial carcinoma was seen more commonly in postmenopausal age group. Further, in our study Mc Cluggage criteria was applied to all the samples to categorize endometrial samples which were unassessable and inadequate.
Conclusion:
Evaluation of Endometrial samples is important in all patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) to find out the Organic Pathology. Histopathological typing of endometrium is crucial for appropriate therapy. Its interpretation is quite challenging and also may show considerable interobserver variability. In AUB, the endometrial samples should be taken during the bleeding episode itself. Dilatation and curettage is a simple, cost effective, safe and reliable investigation and gives us a direct access to the target organ.
Comparison of P-53, Ki-67 and Cd-10 Expression Between Fibroadenoma, Benign Phyllodes Tumor and Malignant Phyllodes Tumor
Authors: Sukumar Challa , Yadav Shakti Kumar , Singh Garima , Singh Sompal , Sarin Namrata 
Published: February 2021

Background: Fibroepithelial tumors of the breast are a heterogeneous group of biphasic lesions comprising of an epithelial component and a quantitatively predominant mesenchymal component. These are classified into two major categories: Fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor (PT). Phyllodes tumors are classified into benign, borderline and malignant grade categories based on histological parameters.
Methods: An analytical-cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi-110007 from November 2016 to December 2018. Total 50 cases were included in the study comprising of 30 cases of fibroadenoma, 15 cases of benign phyllodes tumor and 5 cases of malignant phyllodes tumor. All specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Tissue were processed and embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to study the histopathological section. Immunostaining using CD-10, Ki-67 and p53 antibodies was done in all cases.
Result: Among fibroadenoma cases only 3.33% showed positive CD-10 expression and 96.66% were negative. CD-10 expression was positive in 26.67% cases of benign phyllodes while 73.33 showed negative expression. 40% malignant phyllodes cases showed positive CD-10 expression and 60% showed negative CD-10 expression. CD-10 expression was significantly higher in benign phyllodes (p value = 0.019) and malignant phyllodes (p value 0.007) group as compared to fibroadenoma. P-53 expression in epithelium was seen in 56% of fibroadenoma and 26% of benign phyllodes cases, while all cases of malignant phyllodes tumor show negative P-53 expression. The stromal expression of P-53 was significantly higher in malignant phyllodes as compared to fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor. Stromal expression of Ki-67 was significantly higher in malignant phyllodes as compared to benign phyllodes and fibroadenoma. Epithelial expression of Ki-67 was negative in all malignant phyllodes cases while positive epithelial Ki-67 expression was seen in 56% of fibroadenoma and 33% of benign phyllodes tumor.
Conclusion: Both Ki-67 and P-53 showed a significantly increasing expression from fibroadenoma to benign phyllodes to malignant phyllodes tumor. The difference in expression of CD-10 was insignificant among fibroadenoma, benign phyllodes and malignant phyllodes tumor.
Health Care Workers’ Reasons for Choosing Between Two Different COVID-19 Prophylaxis Trials in an Acute Pandemic Context: Single-Center Questionnaire Study
Authors: Borobia Alberto M , García-García Irene , Díaz-García Lucía , Rodríguez-Mariblanca Amelia , Martínez de Soto Lucía , Monserrat Villatoro Jaime , Seco Meseguer Enrique , González Juan J , Frías Iniesta Jesús , Ramírez García Elena , Arribas Jose Ramón , Carcas-Sansuán Antonio J 
Published: February 2021

Background
In April 2020, two independent clinical trials to assess SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis strategies among health care workers were initiated at our hospital: MeCOVID (melatonin vs placebo) and EPICOS (tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine vs hydroxychloroquine vs combination therapy vs placebo).

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the reasons why health care workers chose to participate in the MeCOVID and EPICOS trials, as well as why they chose one over the other.

Methods
Both trials were offered to health care workers through an internal news bulletin. After an initial screening visit, all subjects were asked to respond to a web-based survey.

Results
In the first month, 206 health care workers were screened and 160 were randomized. The survey participation was high at 73.3%. Health care workers cited “to contribute to scientific knowledge” (n=80, 53.0%), followed by “to avoid SARS-CoV-2 infection” (n=33, 21.9%) and “the interest to be tested for SARS-CoV-2” (n=28, 18.5%), as their primary reasons to participate in the trials. We observed significant differences in the expected personal benefits across physicians and nurses (P=.01). The vast majority of volunteers (n=202, 98.0%) selected the MeCOVID trial, their primary reason being their concern regarding adverse reactions to treatments in the EPICOS trial (n=102, 69.4%).

Conclusions
Health care workers’ reasons to participate in prophylaxis trials in an acute pandemic context appear to be driven largely by their desire to contribute to science and to gain health benefits. Safety outweighed efficacy when choosing between the two clinical trials.
Electronic Medical Record–Based Case Phenotyping for the Charlson Conditions: Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Seungwon , Doktorchik Chelsea , Martin Elliot Asher , D'Souza Adam Giles , Eastwood Cathy , Shaheen Abdel Aziz , Naugler Christopher , Lee Joon , Quan Hude 
Published: February 2021

Background
Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain large amounts of rich clinical information. Developing EMR-based case definitions, also known as EMR phenotyping, is an active area of research that has implications for epidemiology, clinical care, and health services research.

Objective
This review aims to describe and assess the present landscape of EMR-based case phenotyping for the Charlson conditions.

Methods
A scoping review of EMR-based algorithms for defining the Charlson comorbidity index conditions was completed. This study covered articles published between January 2000 and April 2020, both inclusive. Embase (Excerpta Medica database) and MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) were searched using keywords developed in the following 3 domains: terms related to EMR, terms related to case finding, and disease-specific terms. The manuscript follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results
A total of 274 articles representing 299 algorithms were assessed and summarized. Most studies were undertaken in the United States (181/299, 60.5%), followed by the United Kingdom (42/299, 14.0%) and Canada (15/299, 5.0%). These algorithms were mostly developed either in primary care (103/299, 34.4%) or inpatient (168/299, 56.2%) settings. Diabetes, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and rheumatology had the highest number of developed algorithms. Data-driven and clinical rule–based approaches have been identified. EMR-based phenotype and algorithm development reflect the data access allowed by respective health systems, and algorithms vary in their performance.

Conclusions
Recognizing similarities and differences in health systems, data collection strategies, extraction, data release protocols, and existing clinical pathways is critical to algorithm development strategies. Several strategies to assist with phenotype-based case definitions have been proposed.
MTsN 2 Aceh Selatan محاولة المدرّس لحل المشكلات في تدريس اللغة العربية بــــ
Authors: Radhiani Sri Mulya , Hasyim Syarifuddin , Marzuki Marzuki 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the efforts of Arabic language teachers to overcome the difficulties of learning Arabic. The research method used is descriptive analysis. The data collection techniques used is interview Arabic language teacher. The data analysis techniques in this study use the theory of Miles and Hubberman including : Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Display, and conclution. The efforts of Arabic language teachers to overcome the difficulties Arabic learning at MTsN 2 Aceh Selatan are The teacher give motivation to students to increase enthusias and interes students, Multiplying textbooks in the library so that students can borrow to facilitate the learning process, giving vocabularies to memorize making it easier for students to understand the material, Using media, and also use other methods in the process of learning Arabic.
ANALISIS POLA PERILAKU PACARAN PADA REMAJA
Authors: Sirojammuniro Anitsnaini 
Published: February 2021

Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. A prominent feature of adolescents in adolescent development is the existence of feelings to love and be loved by others. The capacity to give to one another is equally important to receive love that is generally expressed by dating. The purpose of this study is to describe adolescent courtship behavior, influencing factors, and dating behavior patterns in adolescents. The method used in this research is exploratory qualitative with a data collection tool in the form of an open questionnaire and diary monitoring. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Based on research results found that adolescent dating behavior is divided into two categories, namely dating behavior when with friends and dating behavior when together. Based on the results of the study found that dating in adolescents is still in the category of healthy dating. However, dating behavior in adolescents falls into the category of risky dating behavior. Dating status and never dating affect dating behavior. Factors that influence dating behavior in adolescents include internal factors, friend factors, family factors, and also permissive attitude factors. Adolescent dating patterns of behavior starts from the process of introduction, the process of approach, the process of fall in love, the process of expressing love, the process of going out dating, the process of problem arising, the process of problem solving, and the process of decision making for the continuation of relationships. adolescents tend to do emotion focus coping before solving problems. There are differences in problem solving between adolescent girls and boys.
Facemasks and COVID-19 case fatality rate
Authors: Fögen Zacharias 
Published: February 2021

Mask mandates have been a globally used epidemiologic intervention
during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, above all based on the assumption
of reduced infection rates. Although there is now much evidence for the
latter, the effect of facemasks on the individual and its course of
disease has remained controversial. While there are concepts suggesting
a protective effect and a better outcome for the individual, public
opinion has placed concepts with opposite outcomes in the vicinity of
conspiracy theories.
However, here I show that counties with mask mandates in Kansas during
the summer of 2020 had significantly higher case fatality rates compared
to Kansas counties without mask mandates, with a risk ratio of 1.85 for
death with COVID-19.
Even after adjusting for the number of ‘protected persons’, i.e. the
number of persons who were not infected in the mask-mandated
group compared to the no-mask group, the risk ratio remains highly
significant at 1.52.
Over 95% of this effect can solely be attributed to COVID-19.
Why this happens and the possible connection between long-term effects
associated with SARS-CoV-2 and facemasks are explained in theory herein
by the ‘foegen effect’, which describes the deep reinhalation of pure
virions that were caught in the facemasks as droplets.