bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Isomeric Dibenzophenanthroline Derivatives
Authors: Ghosh Animesh , Li Tianjiao , Ni Wenjun , Wu Tong , Liang Caihong , Budanovic Maja , Morris Samuel A. , Klein Maciej , Webster Richard D. , Gurzadyan Gagik G. , Grimsdale Andrew C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcid‐catalysed Friedländer cyclization of 2‐aminobenzophenones with 1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐cyclohexadiones, followed by aromatization, has been used to prepare dibenzophenanthrolines (DBPs) containing 1,10‐, 1,7‐ and 4,7‐phenanthroline units, whose optoelectronic properties have been compared. The LUMO energies for all isomers were similar but the 4,7‐isomers possessed significantly higher HOMOs than the other isomers, resulting in them having smaller HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps. Compared with 1,10‐DBP isomers, the emission of 1,7‐DBPs is strongly quenched due to efficient charge transfer. The 4,7‐DBP isomers show strongly enhanced photoluminescence due to excimer formation but appear to be less photostable due to their higher HOMO levels. Bis(phenylethynyl)‐substituted derivatives demonstrated improved solubility and stronger luminescence properties than their unsubstituted analogues.
High flexibility in diet and ranging patterns in two golden monkey (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) populations in Rwanda
Authors: Tuyisingize Deogratias , Eckardt W. , Caillaud D. , Kaplin B. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany primates exhibit behavioral flexibility which allows them to adapt to environmental change and different habitat types. The golden monkey (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) is a little‐studied endangered primate subspecies endemic to the Virunga massif and the Gishwati forest in central Africa. In the Virunga massif, golden monkeys are mainly found in the bamboo forest, while in the Gishwati forest they live in mixed tropical montane forest. Here we describe and compare the diet of golden monkeys in both fragments. Over 24 consecutive months from January 2017 we used scan sampling to record feeding and ranging behavior of two Virunga groups and one Gishwati group totaling ca. 240 individuals. We also examined the phenology of bamboo and fruit trees, key seasonal food plant species for the monkeys. Golden monkeys fed on more than 100 plant species. The Virunga groups were mostly folivorous (between 72.8% and 87.16% of the diet) and fed mostly on young bamboo leaves and bamboo shoots, while 48.69% of the diet of the Gishwati group consisted of fruit from 22 different tree and shrub species. Bamboo shoots and fruit are seasonally available foods and were consumed regularly throughout the period when they were available. Despite being the smallest of the three study groups, the Gishwati group had a larger home range area (150.07 ha) compared to both Virunga groups (25.24 and 91.3 ha), likely driven by the differences in availability and distribution of fruit and bamboo in the habitats. Like other blue monkey subspecies, golden monkeys appear to have a flexible dietary strategy enabling them to adjust diet and ranging behavior to local habitats and available food resources. Additional studies and continuing conservation efforts are needed to better understand how variation in feeding and ranging ecology affects reproduction, population growth, and carrying capacity.
Folic acid‐induced animal model of kidney disease
Authors: Yan Liang‐Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia, sepsis, drug toxicity and drug overdose, exposure to heavy metals, and diabetes. In spite of the advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD as well AKI transition to CKD, there is still no available therapeutics that can be used to combat kidney disease effectively, highlighting an urgent need to further study the pathological mechanisms underlying AKI, CKD, and AKI progression to CKD. In this regard, animal models of kidney disease are indispensable. This article reviews a widely used animal model of kidney disease, which is induced by folic acid (FA). While a low dose of FA is nutritionally beneficial, a high dose of FA is very toxic to the kidneys. Following a brief description of the procedure for disease induction by FA, major mechanisms of FA‐induced kidney injury are then reviewed, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired bioenergetics and mitophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Finally, application of this FA‐induced kidney disease model as a platform for testing the efficacy of a variety of therapeutic approaches is also discussed. Given that this animal model is simple to create and is reproducible, it should remain useful for both studying the pathological mechanisms of kidney disease and identifying therapeutic targets to fight kidney disease.
Detection of Bacterial Rhamnolipid Toxin by Redox Liposome Single Impact Electrochemistry
Authors: Luy Justine , Ameline Dorine , Thobie‐Gautier Christine , Boujtita Mohammed , Lebègue Estelle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe detection of Rhamnolipid virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in nosocomial infections is reported by using the redox liposome single impact electrochemistry. Redox liposomes based on 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine as a pure phospholipid and potassium ferrocyanide as an encapsulated redox content are designed for using the interaction of the target toxin with the lipid membrane as a sensing strategy. The electrochemical sensing principle is based on the weakening of the liposomes lipid membrane upon interaction with Rhamnolipid toxin which leads upon impact at an ultramicroelectrode to the breakdown of the liposomes and the release/electrolysis of its encapsulated redox probe. We present as a proof of concept the sensitive and fast sensing of a submicromolar concentration of Rhamnolipid which is detected after less than 30 minutes of incubation with the liposomes, by the appearing of current spikes in the chronoamperometry measurement.
Physical and chemical properties of five different clear thermoplastic materials
Authors: Kwok Man‐Hin , Porto Betina , Mohebi Shadi , Zhu Lei , Hans Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this in‐vitro experimental study, we assessed the physical and chemical properties of five different thermoplastic transparent aligner materials as follows: SmartTrack (ST), Zendura, Essix Ace (Ace), Essix C+ (C+), and Tru‐Tain DX30‐25 (DX30). Dissolution property, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance, and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were measured for chemical evaluation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were measured for physical evaluation. We found that C+ was not soluble in any of the tested solvents. Ace and DX30 were soluble in chloroform. ST showed a two‐stage degradation according to the TGA results. These results suggest that the core of ST, Ace, and DX30 are PETG or PCT type thermoplastics, while the skin of ST and Zendura are TPU. From the DSC studies, only C+ shows more crystalline characteristic, which is consistent with its lower transparency. The flexural moduli measured by DMA of all 5 aligners are between 0.9 and 1.7 GPa, with Zendura being the stiffest.
Assay technologies facilitating drug discovery for ADP‐ribosyl writers, readers and erasers
Authors: Glumoff Tuomo , Sowa Sven T. , Lehtiö Lari 
Published: November 2021

AbstractADP‐ribosylation is a post‐translational modification catalyzed by writer enzymes – ADP‐ribosyltransferases. The modification is part of many signaling events, can modulate the function and stability of target proteins, and often results in the recruitment of reader proteins that bind to the ADP‐ribosyl groups. Erasers are integral actors in these signaling events and reverse the modification. ADP‐ribosylation can be targeted with therapeutics and many inhibitors against writers exist, with some being in clinical use. Inhibitors against readers and erasers are sparser and development of these has gained momentum only in recent years. Drug discovery has been hampered by the lack of specific tools, however many significant advances in the methods have recently been reported. We discuss assays used in the field with a focus on methods allowing efficient identification of small molecule inhibitors and profiling against enzyme families. While human proteins are focused, the methods can be also applied to bacterial toxins and virus encoded erasers that can be targeted to treat infectious diseases in the future.
Simultaneous determination of periplocin, periplocymarin, periplogenin, periplocoside M and periplocoside N of Cortex Periplocae in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wang Shuyao , Yu Xin , Wu Siyang , Yang Wei , Gao Yang , Wang Weihua , Wang Qiutao , Wei Mengmeng , Zhu Mingying , Wu Jiarui , Yuan Zheng , Li Yingfei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA sensitive and specific ultra‐performance liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine periplocin, periplocymarin (PM), periplogenin (PG), periplocoside M (PSM) and periplocoside N (PSN) in rat plasma. Acetonitrile was employed to precipitate plasma with appropriate sensitivity and acceptable matrix effects. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Waters HSS T3 column with a gradient elution using water and acetonitrile both containing 0.1% formic acid and 0.1 mm ammonium formate within 8 min. Detection was performed in positive ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effects and stability. Using this method, the concentrations of periplocin, PM, PG, PSM and PSN were established after oral administration of Cortex Periplocae extract to rats, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of periplocin, PM, PG, PSM and PSN were assessed. Generally, PM, PG, PSM and PSN were eliminated slowly and their half‐lives were all >8 h. In addition, the systemic exposure of PSM showed significant differences between genders with more than 10 times higher area under the concentration–time curve in female rats than in male rats. The findings of this study provide useful information for further research on Cortex Periplocae.
At what age should the Uyghur minority initiate cervical cancer screening if screened using careHPV
Authors: Abulizi Guzhalinuer , Mijiti Patiman , Naizhaer Gulimire , Tuerxun Gulixian , Abuduxikuer Guzhanuer , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Li Hua , Abulimiti Tangnuer , Abudurexiti Guligeina , Aierken Kailibinuer , Lu Ling , Maimaiti Anaerguli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe careHPV test as a primary screening method for cervical cancer has been proven to be the best option for Uyghur women in Xinjiang in a previous study. In this research, we aim to discuss the appropriate age for Uyghur women in Xinjiang to be screened for cervical cancer using careHPV.MethodsEleven thousand women aged 20–69 years old (mean age 38.93 ± 9.74) from South Xinjiang were screened using careHPV and liquid‐based cytology, and the positive results were referred for colposcopy and cervical biopsy. A questionnaire regarding basic social characteristics, sexual practices, and reproductive history was administered to each woman. The age‐specific prevalence of HPV positivity, cytology abnormality, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ in ≥25, ≥30, and ≥35 age groups were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of careHPV in the three age groups was evaluated. The chi‐squared test was used to compare the differences between age groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated.ResultsThe women were mostly married (76.3%) and delivered at 15–19 years of age (61.4%). The HPV infection rate was 9.15% and detection rates of CIN2+ and invasive cervical cancer were 1.53% (1530/100,000) and 0.25% (250/100,000), respectively. The first peak of HPV(+) appeared at the age of 30–34, while CIN2+ appeared at 35–39. CareHPV performed similarly well in the three age groups.ConclusionBased on the results of our study, Uyghur women in Xinjiang should be recommended to initiate cervical cancer screening at the age of 30 years when screened using careHPV.
Silencing of α‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase in the gastric cancer cells amplified cell death and attenuated migration, while the multidrug resistance remained unchanged
Authors: Jafari Mahbube , Rahimi Nasibeh , Jami Mohammad‐Saeid , Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori Morteza , Elahian Fatemeh , Mirzaei Seyed Abbas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the elevated level of the α‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase enzyme (encoded by the NAGA gene) is a well‐recognized feature of cancer cells; little research works have been undertaken on the cancer malignancy mechanisms. The effects of NAGA gene downregulation on cancer cells' features such as drug resistance, impaired programmed cell death, and migration were analyzed in this study. The cells grew exponentially with a doubling time of 30 h in an optimal condition. Toxicity of daunorubicin chemotherapy drug on NAGA‐transfected EPG85.257RDB cells was evaluated in comparison to control cells and no significant change was recorded. Quantitative transcript analyses and protein levels revealed that the MDR1 pump almost remained unchanged during the study. Moreover, the NAGA gene downregulation enhanced the late apoptosis rate in EPG85.257RDB cells at 24 h posttransfection. The investigated expression level of genes and proteins involved in the TNFR2 signaling pathway, related to cancer cell apoptosis, showed considerable alterations after NAGA silencing as well. MAP3K14 and CASP3 genes were downregulated while IL6, RELA, and TRAF2 experienced an upregulation. Also, NAGA silencing generally diminished the migration ability of EPG85.257RDB cells and the MMP1 gene (as a critical gene in metastasis) expression decreased significantly. The expression of the p‐FAK protein, which is located in the downstream of the α2β1 integrin signaling pathway, was reduced likewise. It could be concluded that despite drug resistance, NAGA silencing resulted in augmentative and regressive effects on cell death and migration.
HMGB1/Foxp1 regulates hypoxia‐induced inflammatory response in macrophages
Authors: Hu Jing , Liu Xiaojun , Tang Yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForkhead box protein P1 (Foxp1) is a kind of tumor suppressor gene, and the role of Foxp1 in the macrophages of myocardial infarction (MI) has not been studied yet. Here, we verified the role of the transcription factor high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and its target gene Foxp1 in the inflammatory response. In this study, the key genes HMGB1 and Foxp1 in the macrophages of mouse MI model were screened out through single‐cell transcriptome analysis of GSE136088 (GEO database). In vitro experiment indicated that hypoxia induced the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages, promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF‐α], interleukin 6 [IL‐6], and IL‐1β) and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and pro‐caspase‐1). Meanwhile, HMGB1 increased while Foxp1 decreased in hypoxia‐treated RAW264.7 macrophages. HMGB1 bound to the upstream promoter region of Foxp1 as demonstrated by the dual‐luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis. As a transcription factor, HMGB1 regulated Foxp1 expression. The secretion of inflammatory factors and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome protein were changed when the expression of HMGB1 and Foxp1 was regulated in the hypoxia‐treated RAW264.7 macrophages. This study verified that HMGB1 could aggravate the hypoxia‐treated inflammatory response of macrophages through downregulating Foxp1, which not only provides evidence to support the role of HMGB1/Foxp1 in macrophages but also offers another angle for the treatment of MI.
A Photo‐Responsive Charge‐Assisted Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Network with Ultra‐Stable Viologen Radicals
Authors: Li Shi‐Li , Shen Yuan , Yang Wen , Wang Yu‐Jie , Qi Zhikai , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryHydrogen‐bonded organic networks (HONs) have attracted intense research interest due to their mild synthesis conditions, good solvent processability and strong reproducibility. Most HONs are constructed by electrically neutral organic ligands through intermolecular interactions such as weak hydrogen bonding, π‐π stacking. But there are a few charge‐assisted hydrogen‐bonding networks (CAHONs) constructed by oppositely charged organic components. Under hydrothermal conditions, we successfully synthesized a 3D CAHON (H2CV)(H2BTEC) (1) constructed by H2CV (CV =N,N′‐4,4′‐bipyridine dipropionate) and H4BTEC (H4BTEC = 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid) through multiple charge‐assisted hydrogen bonding. Upon soft X‐ray, ultraviolet light or sunlight irradiation under ambient conditions, 1 quickly changes from colorless to blue (1P), and kinetic calculations show that its photochromism meets first‐order dynamics. Interestingly, the colored crystals 1P with long‐lived colored radicals will not fade after being placed for more than two months at room temperature in air, owing to the fact that the photogenerated viologen radicals can be stabilized by the abundant hydrogen bonds, the coplanar pyridinium rings and the slow electron‐hole recombination. Moreover, 1 is a typical direct band gap semiconductor, evidenced by the calculated band gap of 3.24 eV, in agreement with the experimental value of 3.40 eV. In view of its strong colored stability, 1 is designed for distinctive inkless printing.
A Blockwall‐Type Layered Bis(dithiolato)nickelate Radical Salt Exhibiting High‐ and Two‐Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Coupling Feature
Authors: Yao Wan‐Wan , Qian Yin , Chen Xuan‐Rong , Ren Xiao‐Ming 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryThe family of [M(dmit)2]‐ salts (dmit2‐ = 2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate; M = Ni, Pd and Pt) generally show novel magnetic, electric, magnetoelectric and photoelectric properties. Herein, a blockwall‐type layered [Me3S][Ni(dmit)2] radical salt (1; Me3S+ = trimethylsulfonium) was prepared and characterized by microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, powder and single crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Salt 1 crystalizes in triclinic space group P‐1, with two pairs of [Ni(dmit)2]‐ and Me3S+ ions in an asymmetric unit. The anions form blockwall‐type monolayer, being parallel to crystallographic (0 1 1) plane, and the cations are accommodated in the spaces of anion monolayer. Salt 1 features a two‐dimensional S = ½ antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin system with θ = ‐97.8(1) K and a semiconductor with σ ≈ 10‐4 S·cm‐1 and activation energy Ea = 0.24(1) eV in 308—368 K. 1 shows two‐step dielectric relaxations ranged from 173—373 K and 1—107 Hz for the dipole motions of two different polar cations. Most importantly, the dielectric constant of 1 reaches to ~17, with high‐κ nature. This study suggests the possibility of achieving high‐κ materials by introducing polar and low rotation barrier components into van der Waals crystal and high‐κ [Ni(dmit)2]‐‐based electrode materials for applications in supercapacitors.
Direct TGF‐ß signaling via alk4/5/7 pathway is involved in gut bending in sea urchin embryos
Authors: Suzuki Haruka , Yaguchi Shunsuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrecise gastrulation is essential for formation of functional bodies in cnidarians and bilaterians. Previously, by using an alk4/5/7‐specific inhibitor, we showed that transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐ß)‐alk4/5/7 signaling pathway is important for correct gut bending in sea urchin embryos. However, it is still unclear where functional TGF‐ß signals are received in embryos for correct gut bending because details of the spatiotemporal expression pattern of alk4/5/7 have not been reported.ResultsWe revealed that alk4/5/7 are expressed from the 2‐cell to early pluteus stage throughout the entire body, including the invaginating gut. To investigate whether TGF‐ß signals directly received in endoderm are required for correct gut bending, we made chimeras in which alk4/5/7 translation was inhibited only in endomesoderm lineage. As a result, the gut of the chimeric embryos did not bend precisely, in contrast to the control chimeras.ConclusionWe conclude that direct TGF‐ß signaling to the endoderm via alk4/5/7 pathway regulates correct gut bending. However, TGF‐ß‐alk4/5/7 pathway is not related to mouth opening because the mouth is formed without TGF‐ß signaling to the endoderm. This research contributes to understanding the mechanisms leading to the proper positioning of the end of the archenteron for forming a through‐gut, which is commonly needed for bilaterians.
Pre‐ and postzygotic mechanisms preventing hybridization in co‐occurring species of theImpatiens purpureoviolaceacomplex
Authors: Abrahamczyk Stefan , Jandová Michaela , Líblová Zuzana , Janssens Steven B. , Dostálek Tomáš , Holstein Norbert , Fischer Eberhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the species‐rich genusImpatiens, few natural hybrids are known, even though closely related species often occur sympatrically. In this study, we aim to bridge the gap between micro‐ and macro‐evolution to disentangle pre‐ and postzygotic mechanisms that may prevent hybridization in theImpatiens purpureoviolaceacomplex from Central Africa. We analyzed habitat types, species distribution, pollination syndromes, pollinator dependency, genome sizes, and chromosome numbers of seven out of the ten species of the complex as well as of one natural hybrid and reconstructed the ancestral chromosome numbers of the complex. Several species of the complex occur in sympatry or geographically very close to each other. All of them are characterized by pre‐ and/or postzygotic mechanisms potentially preventing hybridization. We found four independent polyploidization events within the complex. The only known natural hybrid always appears as single individual and is self‐fertile. But the plants resulting from self‐pollinated seeds often die shortly after first flowering. These results indicate that the investigated mechanisms in combination may effectively but not absolutely prevent hybridization inImpatiensand probably occur in other genera with sympatric species as well.