bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An anti‐junk food ad from a sports commercial break reduced junk food consumption inclinations, yet junk food ads had minimal to no impact
Authors: Hollett Ross C. , Butt Julia , Mills Brennen , Godrich Stephanie L. , Trapp Gina S. A. , Devine Amanda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, there are concerns that unrestricted junk food advertising during sports broadcasts increases short‐term junk food consumption among viewers. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the impact of junk food and anti‐junk food advertising on consumption inclinations.MethodsWe conducted a content analysis across a sample (N = 16) of Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL) matches to determine the prevalence of junk food and anti‐junk food advertising video clips. We also exposed participants (N = 428) to a single randomly selected junk food advertisement or a single anti‐junk food advertisement and measured the immediate impact on craving and consumption intentions for both healthy weight and high body mass index (BMI) participants.ResultsJunk food and anti‐junk food advertising video clips comprised 10.85% and .003% of all advertisements across the broadcasts, respectively. For both healthy and overweight participants, junk food advertisement exposure did not increase immediate craving or consumption intentions. However, decreases were observed in craving and consumption intentions following an anti‐junk food advertisement.ConclusionsJunk food advertising prevalence across national sports was high. Junk food advertisements did not increase immediate inclinations to consume junk food, but an anti‐junk food advertisement was effective in reducing immediate craving and consumption intentions, particularly for healthy BMI participants.So What?Given the potential efficacy of health promotion adverts, governments should consider investing in a higher frequency of health messages during broadcasts that are known to readily promote junk food, such as national sports.
Ketorolac disturbs proteasome functions and induces mitochondrial abnormality‐associated apoptosis
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Kinger Sumit , Dubey Ankur Rakesh , Jagtap Yuvraj Anandrao , Choudhary Akash , Karmakar Surojit , Lal Girdhari , Kumar Amit , Bhattacharyya Sudipta , Poluri Krishna Mohan , Mishra Amit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended to treat moderate‐to‐severe pain. Previous studies suggest that NSAIDs can suppress cellular proliferation and elevate apoptosis in different cancer cells. Ketorolac is an NSAID and can reduce the cancer cells' viability. However, molecular mechanisms by which Ketorolac can induce apoptosis and be helpful as an anti‐tumor agent against carcinogenesis are unclear. Here, we observed treatment with Ketorolac disturbs proteasome functions, which induces aggregation of aberrant ubiquitinated proteins. Ketorolac exposure also induced the aggregation of expanded polyglutamine proteins, results cellular proteostasis disturbance. We found that the treatment of Ketorolac aggravates the accumulation of various cell cycle‐linked proteins, which results in pro‐apoptotic induction in cells. Ketorolac‐mediated proteasome disturbance leads to mitochondrial abnormalities. Finally, we have observed that Ketorolac treatment depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, released cytochrome c into cytoplasm, and induced apoptosis in cells, which could be due to proteasome functional depletion. Perhaps more in‐depth research is required to understand the details of NSAID‐based anti‐proliferative molecular mechanisms that can elevate apoptosis in cancer cells and generate anti‐tumor potential with the combination of putative cancer drugs.
Evaluating feedback frequency preference and its relation to task performance
Authors: Thibodeaux Janea J. , Taylor Pierce M. , Bacotti Janelle K. , Morris Samuel L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany researchers have evaluated how characteristics of feedback may influence trainee performance, but relatively little attention has been allocated to directly assessing trainee preference for feedback characteristics and its relation to performance. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to use a within‐subject experimental design to directly assess trainee preference for the frequency of feedback and its relation to task performance. A secondary objective was to evaluate how trainee preferences varied across specific task components based on component complexity. Thirty‐five undergraduate students completed two arbitrary tasks and were given the opportunity to request feedback after each component of the task. For 85.71% of our participants, an inverse relation was observed between preference for feedback frequency and task performance. Participants requested feedback less often as performance improved. Feedback preferences also varied with the complexity of each component of the task. Implications for training, supervision, and feedback practices are discussed.
Noisy monetary policy announcements
Authors: Dahlhaus Tatjana , Gambetti Luca 
Published: December 2024

SummaryWe address two main questions. First, do monetary policy announcements contain noise? Second, if yes, what are the effects of policy noise on the economy? The answer to the first question is “yes.” The answer to the second is “small,” except on federal funds rate expectations. In sum, we find that the bulk of fluctuations in the path factor are driven by noise. The results are obtained using dynamic rotations to identify the monetary policy shock in a VAR estimated with US data. Finally, we show that announcements about future tightening are mainly interpreted as Delphic over our sample period.
Design and Validation of a Multimodal Diffuse Reflectance and Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy System for In Vivo Applications
Authors: Mordi April , Karunakaran Varsha , Marium Mim Umme , Marple Eric , Rajaram Narasimhan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe report on the development of a multimodal spectroscopy system, combining diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). A fiber optic probe was designed with spatially offset source–detector fibers to collect subsurface measurements for each modality, as well as ball lens‐coupled fibers for superficial measurements. The system acquires DRS, zero‐offset Raman spectroscopy (RS) and SORS with good signal‐to‐noise ratio. Measurements on chicken breast tissue demonstrate that both DRS and RS can acquire spectra from similar depths within tissue. Measurements acquired from the skin of a human volunteer demonstrate distinct Raman peaks at 937 and 1755 cm−1 that were unique to the zero‐offset ball lens configuration and 718 and 1089 cm−1 for the spatially offset setting. We also identified Raman peaks corresponding to melanin that were prominent in the superficial measurements obtained with the ball lens‐coupled fibers but not in the spatially offset fibers.
Triptophenolide Improves Rheumatoid Arthritis and Progression by Inducing Macrophage Toxicity
Authors: Pu Xiuxiu , Ye Qiao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTo investigate the role and mechanism of triptophenolide (TRI) in resisting rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Network pharmacology analysis results suggested that TRI was related to multiple inflammation‐related signaling proteins, and possessed the stable structural configuration. In animal experiments, TRI suppressed RA in mice, inhibited tissue inflammation, and improved synovial injury. Moreover, TRI can suppress RA via multiple signaling pathways, and inhibiting pyroptosis is one of the feasible treatments for improving RA.
Examining Longitudinal Relations Between Eating Disorder Symptoms and Negative Emotion Variability in Military Members
Authors: Clancy Olivia M. , Forrest Lauren , Smith April R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUp to a third of service members and Veterans experience disordered eating. Disordered eating can be maintained through negative reinforcement of painful and unpleasant emotions such as guilt, shame, sadness, and hostility. Hostility is a negative emotion that may be particularly relevant for service members and Veterans, yet hostility's relation to disordered eating remains understudied. Further, variability in emotions may be particularly relevant, given that variability in emotions is often a stronger predictor of psychopathology than mean levels. Thus, the goal of the present study was to assess a potential bidirectional relationship between disordered eating symptoms and individuals' variability of hostility, stress, anxiety, sadness, and shame. Participants (N = 94, Mage = 32.2, 75.8% men; 81.8% White) completed 30 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with four assessments per day along with baseline and follow‐up measures including the Eating Pathology Symptom Interview (EPSI), which assessed eight disordered eating symptom domains. Hierarchical regressions revealed that higher baseline levels of Binge Eating and Excessive Exercise predicted greater intraindividual hostility variability. Further, more hostility variability predicted higher Cognitive Restraint at 1‐month follow‐up. Baseline disordered eating symptoms were not associated with intraindividual variability in stress, anxiety, sadness, or shame. However, greater intraindividual variability in shame predicted higher Muscle Building at 1‐month follow‐up. Hostility variability was the only emotion that was predicted by, and predictive of, disordered eating symptoms. These findings suggest that hostility may be a relevant treatment target for service members with disordered eating.
TGF‐β regulates the release of breast cancer cell‐derived extracellular vesicles and the sorting of their protein cargo by downregulating RAB27B expression
Authors: Li Chao , Enciso‐Martinez Agustin , Koning Roman I. , Shahsavari Mona , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication in the tumour microenvironment. The cytokine transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) facilitates cancer progression via EVs secreted by cancer cells, which act on recipient cells in the tumour microenvironment. However, the mechanisms of how TGF‐β affects cancer cell EV release and composition are incompletely understood. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of TGF‐β on the release and protein composition of EVs from breast cancer cells. TGF‐β suppresses the transcription of RAB27B mediated by SMAD3 and thereby hampers EV release. Using click chemistry and quantitative proteomics, we found that TGF‐β increases the quantity of protein cargo and changes the composition of EVs by downregulating RAB27B expression. The recomposed EVs, induced by TGF‐β or RAB27B depletion, inhibit CD8+ T cell‐mediated breast cancer killing. Our findings reveal the critical roles of TGF‐β and RAB27B in cancer development by regulating EV release and composition and thus provide potential targets to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Assessing intrinsic capacity for person‐centred HIV care: a cross‐sectional study in ageing populations in Malaysia and Hong Kong
Authors: Rajasuriar Reena , Hisham Syaza , Lim John Son , Cheong Jean Yi , Ho Wen Ying , Yap Siew Hwei , Zulhaimi Nurul Syuhada , Neelamegam Malinee , Cheung Catherine , Wong Vivian , Yusof Ruhana Che , Hasmukharay Kejal , Kamaruzzaman Shahrul Bahyah , Omar Sharifah Faridah Syed , Chong Meng Li , Wong Pui Li , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionWHO's Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) proposes we measure the functional construct of intrinsic capacity (IC) to monitor and identify individuals with age‐associated vulnerabilities. Assessments of IC may be useful to address the evolving, non‐HV care needs of ageing people with HIV (PWH). However, to date, its utility within the context of HIV has not been assessed.MethodsParticipants included 200 PWH attending out‐patient care (2021−2023) in Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia and 101 community controls aged 35 years and above. The ICOPE framework was adapted to derive aggregate IC scores (ranging 0–6) encompassing the five domains of cognition, sensory (hearing and vision), mobility, mood and vitality. Multivariable analyses were used to explore the association of IC scores in PWH with multiple health outcomes including frailty, difficulties performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and inflammatory markers. Area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUC‐ROC) was calculated to predict frailty and IADL deficits in the current cohort and an independent cohort of 275 PWH from Hong Kong (HK).ResultsMedian (interquartile range, IQR) age among PWH and controls were 50 (42−56) and 50 (39−59) years, respectively. There were more males among PWH (83% vs. 56%, p<0.001). All PWH received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for a median duration of 11 (8−14) years. Aggregate IC scores were lower in PWH but not significantly different compared to controls, (5.4 vs. 5.6, p = 0.093) and PWH performed significantly worse than controls only in the cognitive domain. Aggregate IC scores in PWH was independently associated with frailty (OR 0.17 95% CI 0.07−0.42, p<0.001), IADL deficits (OR 0.25 95% CI 0.14−0.46, p<0.001) and all other patient‐reported outcomes assessed. Aggregate IC scores correlated with IL‐6 but not sCD14 and sCD163 levels. IC scores performed well in identifying PWH with frailty (AUC‐ROC ≥ 0.80) in the HK and Malaysian cohorts but more modestly (AUC‐ROC ≥ 0.64) for IADL deficits.ConclusionsIC is a good composite measure to monitor non‐HIV, age‐associated physical and social vulnerabilities in PWH on ART and should complement disease‐based monitoring in routine HIV care. Assessments of IC should be validated in larger, longitudinal cohorts of PWH from diverse settings.
Assessment of adverse events stratified by timing of leadless pacemaker implantation with cardiac implantable electronic devices extraction due to infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Inoue Naoya , Ito Yuji , Imaizumi Takahiro , Morikawa Shuji , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundRemoval of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is strongly recommended for CIED‐related infections, and leadless pacemakers (LPs) are increasingly used for reimplantation. However, the optimal timing and safety of LP implantation after CIED removal for infection remains unclear.This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess complication rates (all‐cause mortality and reinfection) when LP implantation was performed simultaneously with or after CIED removal.MethodsStudies published from 2015 to September 2024 were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Observational studies and case series on CIED removal and LP implantation were eligible. The primary outcomes were all‐cause mortality and reinfection post‐LP implantation. Pooled estimates were obtained using the Freedman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation. Study quality was assessed using the MINORS criteria, with data extraction and independent assessment by two authors.ResultsOf 396 records, 16 studies were included in the analysis, with 653 patients (mean age:76.9 years). The incidence of isolated pocket infections was 46.7% (95% CI: 32.7%–61.2%) and systemic infections at 46.3% (95% CI: 29.5%–64.0%). The primary outcome incidence was 19.4% (95% CI: 12.8%–28.3%, I2: 0%) for simultaneous CIED extraction and LP implantation compared with 7.79% (4.37%–13.5%, I2: 4%) for LP implantation after CIED extraction (p = .009). All‐cause mortality rates were 22.8% (95% CI: 15.9%–31.6%, I2: 0%) for simultaneous implantation and 8.71% (4.46%–16.3%, I2: 21%) after extraction (p = 0.008). Reinfection was not observed in any of these studies.ConclusionSimultaneous CIED extraction and LP implantation due to infection may be associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality.
Impacts of Solar Geoengineering on Projected Climate of South Asia
Authors: Hussain Athar , Khan Muhammad Ali , Sipra Hassaan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSolar geoengineering (SG) is an interim solution to combat global warming, which involves scattering back a tiny fraction of the incoming sunlight. Hence, SG and its potential impacts are important to study for the identification of changing weather patterns over regions of climate vulnerable South Asia. This study explores the projected spatio‐temporal patterns of two meteorological parameters, temperature and precipitation, under SG numerical experiment (stratospheric aerosol injection), relative to projected climate change. Furthermore, future projections of same meteorological parameters without SG under a representative concentration pathway (RCP 4.5) will also be studied for comparative analysis. Offsetting climate parameters are associated with multiple risk factors. Thus, both SG and non‐SG scenarios will be studied for the future time period. The results indicate that the temperature reduces by −0.62°C under the SG G4 scenario and spatial distribution patterns of temperature also depicts an overall cooling effects during the G4 implementation (2020–2029) and continuation (2030–2069) phase. Moreover, on a regional scale, a cold bias (less severe) is projected as compared to projected climate under RCP 4.5. Our findings show that, precipitation is also projected to be decreased by −0.02 mm day−1. Dry bias pattern is projected during implementation phase only. The G4 based SG continuation and termination (2070–2090) phases depict no drastic change in precipitation over South Asia.
The Influence of the Eastern‐Type and Western‐Type Southern Branch Troughs on Precipitation in Winter and Its Structural Characteristics
Authors: Bianba Zhuoga , Yang Cheng , Zhou Shunwu , Qian Zhitong , Liu Shengsheng , Li Ke , Yao Xiuping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUsing 30 years of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from winter (January), along with daily precipitation data from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), this study employed an objective recognition method to classify southern branch troughs (SBTs) into eastern and western types. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted to identify the structural characteristics of each type and evaluate their effects on precipitation. The findings reveal that the eastern and western SBTs are located at different coordinates at 500 hPa, each affecting distinct precipitation zones. Specifically, the eastern SBT influences regions east of 90° E, particularly Yunnan, while the western SBT primarily impacts areas west of 90° E, with a pronounced effect on southern Tibet. Dynamic analysis indicates that both types of SBTs manifest as baroclinic troughs, though the western type exhibits stronger dynamic conditions than the eastern type. Both SBTs types are characterised by warm, moist advection ahead of the trough and cold, dry advection behind it. The eastern SBT shows more favourable thermal conditions than the western SBTs. Water vapour associated with both types of SBTs is concentrated at the front of the troughs below 450 hPa, with convergence observed below 700 hPa. Additionally, the eastern SBTs generate more pronounced water vapour convergence compared to the western SBT. Notably, torrential precipitation related to the eastern SBTs is driven by water vapour from the outer circulation of the western Pacific subtropical high, with additional moisture from the Bay of Bengal. In contrast, the water vapour associated with the western SBT primarily originates from the Arabian Sea and is supplemented by moisture from the Bay of Bengal.
Characteristics of Marine Heat Extreme Evolution in the Northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Gupta Hitesh , Deogharia Rahul , Sil Sourav , Dey Dipanjan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMarine Heat Extremes (MHEs) are events of anomalously high Sea Surface Temperature (SST) during which SST values exceed a certain pre‐defined threshold. These MHEs have profound influence over weather patterns, air‐sea interaction and the health of marine ecosystems. This study investigates the long‐term evolution of MHEs in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) from 1900 to 2020. We utilised two normalised indices, the Normalised Extreme Frequency Index (NEFI) for frequency and the Normalised Extreme Heat Index (NEHI) for the intensity of MHEs, to objectively compare the MHE attributes across different periods and regions of the NIO. The analysis reveals non‐linearly increasing NEFI, with the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO) experiencing the fastest rise, followed by the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO), Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB). MHE intensity shows exponential growth, with its mean‐based regimes becoming shorter and shifting more frequently. A new regime has been emerging since the last decade. Analysis of the spatial extent of the MHEs indicates that the WEIO is the fastest‐growing region of the NIO. Similar observations were found upon removing sub‐decadal variabilities, which include the potential effects of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole, highlighting the long‐term warming associated with global warming. The study also links the increasing mean SST to the rising frequency and intensity of MHEs, which is predominantly driven by the net surface heat‐flux, which is a combined effect of local and pantropical air‐sea interaction. The surface warming is outpacing subsurface warming, thereby strengthening thermal stratification over time, potentially impacting vertical mixing and upwelling, which can, in turn, lead to further surface warming.
Rapid Assessment of Tablet Quality Based on Raman Spectroscopy Analysis: Investigating the Effect of Storage Conditions on the Degradation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) of Acetaminophen Tablet
Authors: Mohammadian M. Keshavarz , Tavassoli S. H. , Karimi S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness and safety of drugs may be compromised by the degradation of APIs during preparation processes or after they have been released to market. This study has investigated the degradation of 500‐mg Acetaminophen tablet (C8H9NO2) when stored under unfavorable conditions such as increased temperature and high levels of humidity. To quantify the amount of API, the Raman intensity variations of characteristic peaks of API and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (C6H9NO) are explored. By considering various sources of error in all experiments, the reliability of the extracted data set from Raman spectrums and the quality of results obtained using the utilized technique for predicting API is investigated at standard room temperature. The results demonstrate an acceptable precision in the range of pharmacopeia monograph. Then, the effect of temperature and humidity variations on the amount of API is investigated based on the related Raman spectra. The results show that the API's quantity starts to decrease after about 60 min at the temperature of 45°C ± 2°C and the relative humidity (RH) of 75% ± 2%. According to our results, when tablets are kept under the unfavorable conditions, the degradation pattern of API follows a logarithmic trend.