bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does biomarker use in oncology improve clinical trial failure risk? A large‐scale analysis
Authors: Parker Jayson L. , Kuzulugil Sebnem S. , Pereverzev Kirill , Mac Stephen , Lopes Gilberto , Shah Zain , Weerasinghe Ashini , Rubinger Daniel , Falconi Adam , Bener Ayse , Caglayan Bora , Tangri Rohan , Mitsakakis Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo date there has not been an extensive analysis of the outcomes of biomarker use in oncology.MethodsData were pooled across four indications in oncology drawing upon trial outcomes from www.clinicaltrials.gov: breast cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma and colorectal cancer from 1998 to 2017. We compared the likelihood drugs would progress through the stages of clinical trial testing to approval based on biomarker status. This was done with multi‐state Markov models, tools that describe the stochastic process in which subjects move among a finite number of states.ResultsOver 10000 trials were screened, which yielded 745 drugs. The inclusion of biomarker status as a covariate significantly improved the fit of the Markov model in describing the drug trajectories through clinical trial testing stages. Hazard ratios based on the Markov models revealed the likelihood of drug approval with biomarkers having nearly a fivefold increase for all indications combined. A 12, 8 and 7‐fold hazard ratio was observed for breast cancer, melanoma and NSCLC, respectively. Markov models with exploratory biomarkers outperformed Markov models with no biomarkers.ConclusionThis is the first systematic statistical evidence that biomarkers clearly increase clinical trial success rates in three different indications in oncology. Also, exploratory biomarkers, long before they are properly validated, appear to improve success rates in oncology. This supports early and aggressive adoption of biomarkers in oncology clinical trials.
Impact of mental illness on end‐of‐life emergency department use in elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Kashyap Mehr , Harris Jeremy P. , Chang Daniel T. , Pollom Erqi L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundElderly patients with gastrointestinal cancer and mental illness have significant comorbidities that can impact the quality of their care. We investigated the relationship between mental illness and frequent emergency department (ED) use in the last month of life, an indicator for poor end‐of‐life care quality, among elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancers.MethodsWe used SEER‐Medicare data to identify decedents with gastrointestinal cancers who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 and were at least 66 years old at time of diagnosis (median age: 80 years, range: 66–117 years). We evaluated the association between having a diagnosis of depression, bipolar disorders, psychotic disorders, anxiety, dementia, and/or substance use disorders and ED use in the last 30 days of life using logistic regression models.ResultsOf 160,367 patients included, 54,661 (34.1%) had a mental illness diagnosis between one year prior to cancer diagnosis and death. Patients with mental illness were more likely to have > 1 ED visit in the last 30 days of life (15.6% vs. 13.3%, p < 0.01). ED use was highest among patients with substance use (17.7%), bipolar (16.5%), and anxiety disorders (16.4%). Patients with mental illness who were male, younger, non‐white, residing in lower income areas, and with higher comorbidity were more likely to have multiple end‐of‐life ED visits. Patients who received outpatient treatment from a mental health professional were less likely to have multiple end‐of‐life ED visits (adjusted odds ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.78–0.87).ConclusionsIn elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancers, mental illness is associated with having multiple end‐of‐life ED visits. Increasing access to mental health services may improve quality of end‐of‐life care in this vulnerable population.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted 2‐Pyrazolines as Novel Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Vahedpour Teymour , Kaur Jatinder , Hemmati Salar , Hamzeh‐Mivehroud Maryam , Alizadeh Ali Akbar , Wuest Frank , Dastmalchi Siavoush 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new series of 1,3,5‐trisubstituted 2‐pyrazolines for the inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) were synthesized. The designed structures include a COX‐2 pharmacophore SO2CH3 at the para‐position of the phenyl ring located at C‐5 of a pyrazoline scaffold. The synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibition and cell toxicity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines HT‐29. The lead compound (4‐chlorophenyl){5‐[4‐(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]‐3‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl}methanone (16) showed significant COX‐2 inhibition (IC50=0.05±0.01 μM), and antiproliferative activity (IC50=5.46±4.71 μM). Molecular docking studies showed that new pyrazoline‐based compounds interact via multiple hydrophobic and hydrogen‐bond interactions with key binding site residues of the COX‐2 enzyme.
A case of plastic bronchitis after mitral valve surgery in an adult
Authors: Ogiwara Masanori , Ichinose Maki , Nishino Yoshifumi , Ozaki Masahiko , Miyahara Takuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlastic bronchitis is a rare and fatal disease that is characterized by the presence of long dendritic bronchial casts in the airway. It is encountered most frequently in children with congenital heart disease after correction surgery. We reported a case of plastic bronchitis after mitral valve surgery in a 70‐year‐old woman.
Data‐Driven Modeling of Biodiesel Production Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Mogilicharla Anitha , Reddy P. Swapna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractData‐driven modeling of biodiesel production was developed by simultaneous transesterification and esterification of rapeseed oil and myristic acid with methanol, without catalyst or with different amounts of sulfated zirconia catalyst. An artificial neural network (ANN)‐based model was created with experimental literature data. The input data, i.e., reaction time, catalyst, temperature, and methanol‐to‐oil ratio, and output data, i.e., total fatty acid methyl ester and oleic acid methyl ester, were considered to develop the model. Multiple input single output (MISO) ANN architecture was taken to predict the above targeted two output parameters. The proposed ANN model is computationally efficient and works reasonably well when tested on biodiesel production for solving the MISO model.
Initiation and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among urban, insured American Indian/Alaska Native breast cancer survivors
Authors: Emerson Marc A. , Achacoso Ninah S. , Benefield Halei C. , Troester Melissa A. , Habel Laurel A. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIt has been shown that racial/ethnic disparities exist with regard to initiation of and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET). However, the relationship among American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals is poorly understood, particularly among those who reside in urban areas. We evaluated whether AET initiation and adherence were lower among AIAN individuals than those of other races/ethnicities who were enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente of Northern California (KPNC) health system.MethodsWe identified 23,680 patients from the period 1997 to 2014 who were eligible for AET (first primary, stage I‐III, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer) and used KPNC pharmacy records to identify AET prescriptions and refill dates. We assessed AET initiation (≥1 filled prescription within 1 year of diagnosis) and AET adherence (proportion of days covered ≥80%) every year up to 5 years after AET initiation.ResultsAt the end of the 5‐year follow‐up period, 83% of patients were AET initiators, and 58% were AET adherent. Compared with other races/ethnicities, AIAN women had the second‐lowest rate of AET initiation (non‐Hispanic Black [NHB], 78.0%; AIAN, 78.6%; Hispanic, 83.0%; non‐Hispanic White [NHW], 82.5%; Asian/Pacific Islander [API], 84.7%), the lowest rate of AET adherence after 1 year and 5 years of follow‐up (70.3% and 50.8%, respectively), and the greatest annual decline in AET adherence during the 4‐ to 5‐year period of follow‐up (a 13.8% decrease in AET adherence [from 64.6% to 50.8%]) after initiation of AET. In adjusted multivariable models, AIAN, Hispanic, and NHB women were less likely than NHW women to be AET adherent. At the end of the 5‐year period, total underutilization (combining initiation and adherence) in AET‐eligible patients was greatest among AIAN (70.6%) patients, followed by NHB (69.6%), Hispanic (63.2%), NHW (58.7%), and API (52.3%) patients, underscoring the AET treatment gap.ConclusionOur results suggest that AET initiation and adherence are particularly low for insured AIAN women.
Performance of Tubular Micromotors in Real Sewage for Water Treatment: Towards a Practical Scenario
Authors: Xu Dandan , Yuan Hao , Ma Xing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe application of micro/nanomotors as active cleaners for environmental remediation including pollutant degradation has been an ongoing scientific frontier. However, most of previous studies were conducted by using simulated sewage configured in the laboratory rather than real sewage discharged from industries. In this work, we prepared classical bubble‐propelled SiO2−Pt tubular micromotors and for the first time studied their motion behaviours in real sewage. We clarified the effect of the pollutants in sewage on the movement performance of the micromotors. Besides, the SiO2−Pt tubular micromotors were functionalized with Fe3O4 to result in SiO2−Pt−Fe3O4, whose ability to degrade typical pollutant (methylene blue) in sewage solution was accessed. The results show that the degrading ability of the SiO2−Pt−Fe3O4 micromotors in sewage solution is far weaker than that in deionized water. This work will provide an important reference for further exploration on using MNMs for environmental applications in realistic scenarios.
Monitoring radiofrequency therapy‐induced tumor cell dissemination by in vivo flow cytometry
Authors: Zhu Xi , Wei Cong , Zhang Yang , Meng Zheying , Hu Bing , Zhang Fuli , Wei Xunbin , Ying Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClinical and experimental findings have disclosed a high recurrence rate after radiofrequency ablation (RFA), which might be due to the dissemination of malignant cells into the vasculature during ablation. Here, we apply in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) to monitor circulating tumor cells (CTCs) while performing ablation in a real‐time and noninvasive way in an orthotopic model of prostate cancer. We report that CTCs are dramatically increased during RFA. The CTCs induced by ablation eventually translate into enhanced distant metastasis and reduced survival as compared to resection. Immunofluorescence analysis reveals that RFA significantly increases the infiltration of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in the lung. Our study thus suggests that the ablative procedure of prostate tumors causes immediate tumor cell dissemination and increases distant metastasis.
Use of angiotensin receptor blocker is associated with improved 1 year mortality in heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Lihua , Hu Shuang , Bai Xueke , Li Xi , Li Jing , Zheng Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsCurrent evidence about the effect of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) on the outcome of heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) is lacking. We aim to assess the association between use of ARB and 1 year all‐cause mortality after hospitalization for HFmrEF.Methods and resultsWe analysed the data of patients with ejection fraction of 40–49% in China Patient‐centred Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Prospective Heart Failure Study; 4907 patients hospitalized for heart failure from 52 Chinese hospitals were enrolled from August 2016 to May 2018. Use of ARB was determined by prescriptions at discharge. Patients who died during hospitalization or were using angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors at discharge were excluded. The association between the use of ARB and outcome was assessed using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting‐adjusted Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 701 patients with HFmrEF were included for analysis. The mean age was 66.4 ± 12.8 years, and 267 (38.1%) were female. Of them, 244 were treated (34.8%) with ARB. During the 1 year follow‐up period, patients treated with ARB had lower all‐cause mortality compared with untreated patients (11.5% vs. 21.9%, P = 0.0005). Inverse probability of treatment weighting‐adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that use of ARB was associated with significantly reduced all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.69, P = 0.0004).ConclusionsAmong patients hospitalized for HFmrEF, the use of ARB was associated with lower 1 year mortality after discharge.
Haemodynamic effects of the nitroxyl donor cimlanod (BMS‐986231) in chronic heart failure: a randomized trial
Authors: Lang Ninian N. , Ahmad Faheem A. , Cleland John G. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Teerlink John R. , Voors Adriaan A. , Taubel Jorg , Hodes Anke R. , Anwar Mohamed , Karra Ravi , Sakata Yasushi , Ishihara Shiro , Senior Roxy , Khemka Abhishek , Prasad Narayana G. , DeSouza Mary M. , Seiffert Dietmar , Ye June Y. , Kessler Paul D. , Borentain Maria , Solomon Scott D. , Felker G. Michael , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsNitroxyl provokes vasodilatation and inotropic and lusitropic effects in animals via post‐translational modification of thiols. We aimed to compare effects of the nitroxyl donor cimlanod (BMS‐986231) with those of nitroglycerin (NTG) or placebo on cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsIn a randomized, multicentre, double‐blind, crossover trial, 45 patients with stable HFrEF were given a 5 h intravenous infusion of cimlanod, NTG, or placebo on separate days. Echocardiograms were done at the start and end of each infusion period and read in a core laboratory. The primary endpoint was stroke volume index derived from the left ventricular outflow tract at the end of each infusion period. Stroke volume index with placebo was 30 ± 7 mL/m2 and was lower with cimlanod (29 ± 9 mL/m2; P = 0.03) and NTG (28 ± 8 mL/m2; P = 0.02). Transmitral E‐wave Doppler velocity on cimlanod or NTG was lower than on placebo and, consequently, E/e′ (P = 0.006) and E/A ratio (P = 0.003) were also lower. NTG had similar effects to cimlanod on these measurements. Blood pressure reduction was similar with cimlanod and NTG and greater than with placebo.ConclusionIn patients with chronic HFrEF, the haemodynamic effects of cimlanod and NTG are similar. The effects of cimlanod may be explained by venodilatation and preload reduction without additional inotropic or lusitropic effects. Ongoing trials of cimlanod will further define its potential role in the treatment of heart failure.
Enhanced Hydrogenation Catalytic Activity of Ruthenium Nanoparticles by Solid‐Solution Alloying with Molybdenum
Authors: Okazoe Shinya , Staiger Lena , Cokoja Mirza , Kusada Kohei , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Toriyama Takaaki , Matsumura Syo , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report the hydrogenation catalytic activity application of molybdenum–ruthenium (MoRu) solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1‐octene and 1‐octyne. The solid‐solution structure of MoRu NPs was confirmed through scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) measurement. The hydrogenation catalytic activity of these NPs toward 1‐octyne and 1‐octene in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was tested. The hydrogenation catalytic activity of Ru was enhanced by alloying with Mo at the atomic level. An electronic modification of Ru by a charge transfer from Mo to Ru, which could induce the change in the adsorption energy of reactants resulting in enhanced catalytic activity, was observed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Oxoammonium‐Mediated Allylsilane–Ether Coupling Reaction
Authors: Carlet Federica , Bertarini Greta , Broggini Gianluigi , Pradal Alexandre , Poli Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new C(sp3)−H functionalization reaction consisting of the oxidative α‐allylation of allyl‐ and benzyl‐ methyl ethers has been developed. The C−C coupling could be carried out under mild conditions thanks to the use of cheap and green oxoammonium salts. The scope of the reaction was studied over 27 examples, considering the nature of the substituents on the two coupling partners.
Adding maintaining factors to developmental models of anorexia nervosa: An empirical examination in adolescents
Authors: Moreno‐Encinas Alba , Graell Montserrat , Martínez‐Huertas José Ángel , Faya Mar , Treasure Janet , Sepúlveda Ana Rosa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveA biopsychosocial approach has been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN), despite only a few of the existing etiological models having received empirical support. The aim of this study was to empirically investigate Herpertz‐Dahlmann, Seitz, and Konrad (2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406‐011‐0246‐y)’s developmental model and to consider if interpersonal reactions to the illness might serve as maintaining factors following the model proposed by Treasure and Schmidt (2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/2050‐2974‐1‐13)MethodOne hundred adolescents and their families were participated in the study: 50 diagnosed with AN, paired by age and parents’ socio‐economic status with 50 adolescents without a pathology. Biological, psychological and familial variables were assessed using ten questionnaires and a blood analysis test. Additionally, structural equation modeling was conducted to assess two hypothetical models.ResultsThe fit of both models was good after the addition of two covariate parameters (e.g., Comparative Fit Index > 0.96 and Tucker–Lewis Index > 0.95). Premorbid traits were linked to body dissatisfaction and to the number of stressful life events; this in turn was linked to AN symptoms. Biological and familial consequences reinforced this pathology.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for both models, suggesting that inter relationships between bio‐psycho‐familial variables can influence the course of AN during adolescence.
Study on characteristics of particulate emission of diesel aftertreatment with reciprocating flow
Authors: Deng Yangbo , Wang Xiaolong , Li Rongrui , Han Zhitao , Wu Hongwei , Dong Jingming , Cui Wenbin , Guo Yang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, in order to optimize diesel aftertreatment system with periodically reciprocating flow (PRF), an experimental study is conducted to investigate its characteristics such as pollution emissions, regeneration of diesel particulate filter (DPF), concentration, and size distribution of particulate matter (PM) escaped as well as temperature distribution under unidirectional flow and PRF operating conditions. The effects of reciprocating flow cycle and exhaust gas flow on the performance of aftertreatment system are investigated in detail. The energy efficiency analysis of the aftertreatment system is also carried out. Experimental results show that (a) as the temperature is lower than the light‐off threshold of combustible gas, the aftertreatment system cannot restrain the formation of second particles under the low‐temperature condition of unidirectional flow; and (b) the aftertreatment system demonstrates excellent performance of trapping particles and filter regeneration as the symmetrical temperature distribution is formed. The PM filter efficiency is 92%, and the specific energy consumption β is 124% for symmetrical temperature distribution; (c) the increase in reciprocating flow cycle could lead to the shifting of the temperature profiles, and this would affect the particle size distribution; (d) a certain increase in exhaust gas flow from engine would have insignificant change for the temperature distribution; and (e) the critical energy efficiency of the system could reach 96.61%.
Trophic Transfer of Radioactive Micronutrients in a Shallow Benthic Food Web
Authors: Holmerin Isak , Kiel Jensen Louise , Hevrøy Tanya , Bradshaw Clare 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Baltic Sea is one of the most polluted seas in the world, with widespread eutrophication and radionuclide contamination. Using key species of the Baltic Sea, the effects of eutrophication on uptake and trophic transfer of the radioactive micronutrients commonly found in nuclear power plant effluents were investigated experimentally using the brown macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and the grazers Idotea balthica and Theodoxus fluviatilis in a controlled environment. Rapid uptake of 54Mn, 57Co, and 65Zn from water was observed in all biota; and eutrophication combined with grazing pressure strongly influenced the uptake in F. vesiculosus. Uptake of 54Mn, 57Co, and 65Zn to I. balthica and T. fluviatilis grazing on F. vesiculosus were also observed. The results indicate that ecosystems could be open for further trophic transfer as radionuclides accumulate quickly in the producers and are transferred to primary consumers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1694–1705. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Some continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods and structure preservation for incompressible flows
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Yuwen , Drapaca Corina , Cimbala John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present consistent and inconsistent discontinuous Galerkin (dG) methods for incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations with the kinematic pressure, Bernoulli function and EMAC function. Semi‐ and fully discrete energy stability of the proposed dG methods are proved in a unified fashion. Conservation of total energy, linear, and angular momentum is discussed with both central and upwind fluxes. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate our findings and compare our schemes with conventional schemes in the literature in both unsteady and steady problems. Numerical results show that global conservation of the physical quantities may not be enough to demonstrate the performance of the schemes, and our schemes are competitive and able to capture essential physical features in several benchmark problems.
Project Review Under Canada’s 2012 Fisheries Act: Risky Business for Fisheries Protection
Authors: Third Laura C , Browne David R , Lapointe Nicolas W R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Canada’s Fisheries Act provides essential protection for fish and their habitat. To manage thousands of projects a year, Fisheries and Oceans Canada implements a risk-based framework requiring authorization and offsetting for the highest risk projects. Projects considered lower risk proceed via letters of advice. Following changes to the Act in 2012, there were concerns about transparency and cumulative effects of low-risk projects. We used access to information requests to obtain documents and reviewed the department’s 2012–2019 risk-based framework. Projects reviewed in Manitoba in 2016 were examined and the amount of permanent alteration and destruction approved without authorization was quantified (23,881 and 6,768 m2, respectively). The risk-based framework focused reviews and regulatory decisions on project-by-project effects, rather than cumulative risks from multiple projects. Harm from lower risk projects was not tracked or offset. New mechanisms are needed to manage such projects to achieve the conservation purpose of the Act.