bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ultra‐wideband wide‐scanning phased array of double‐ridged horn elements with slant polarized characteristics
Authors: Yang Ya‐Bing , Zhang Fu‐Shun , Zhao Jiao‐Cheng , Zhang Chen‐Guang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an ultra‐wideband wide‐scanning phased array with slant polarized characteristics is proposed. The antenna array mainly consists of 16 double‐ridged horn elements to form a one‐dimensional linear array in the azimuth plane. Each element is fed by a SSMA connector and connected to the T/R module through a low‐loss flexible coaxial cable. To obtain slant polarized performance, a multiscreen slant polarizer is adopted and placed at the radiation aperture of the antenna array, which consists of three layers periodic metallic strips. Each layer of the polarizer is etched on a thin dielectric substrate, and adjacent layers are separated by a low dielectric constant foam. A 1 × 16 array prototype has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured results indicate that the proposed slant polarized phased array has a desirable 3‐octave bandwidth, a excellent ±45° wide‐scanning capability, and a stable gain over the 6–18 GHz band.
Development of a novel framework to evaluate the localization accuracy of tomosynthesis‐guided breast biopsy units
Authors: Nosrati Reyhaneh , Zhang Da , MacDougall Robert D , Phillips Jordana , Palmer Matthew R 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo develop a scheme to quantitatively assess localization accuracy of tomosynthesis‐guided vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy apparatus.MethodsA phantom containing a metallic pellet on a flexible plastic shaft was constructed and was tested in cranio‐caudal (CC) and lateral (LAT) arm biopsy geometries following the standard clinical breast biopsy workflow. Three points were manually digitized on tomosynthesis images including: the center of the target, and the tip of the needle in pre‐ and postfire positions. The needle trajectory was determined and four error metrics were defined: (1) stroke length error (difference between the nominal and measured stroke lengths); (2) Euclidian distance between the target and center of trough (i.e., aperture); (3) longitudinal distance between target and center of trough; and (4) lateral distance between target and needle. The proposed methodology was also evaluated on a breast gel phantom and the complete biopsy procedure, including vacuum‐assisted biopsy was performed.ResultsThree biopsy geometries were investigated: (i) LAT arm on a prone table unit (Hologic, Affirm Prone), (ii) CC‐ and (iii) LAT arm in an upright unit (Hologic Affirm Upright). Both biopsy units passed the vendor‐provided daily localization accuracy test, with <1 mm nominal error in each dimension. The aforementioned error metrics (1) to (4) were (0.6, 1.8, 0.4, 1.7) mm, (0.4, 4.2, 4.1, 1.1) mm, and (0.3, 2.4, 0.7, 2.3) mm, respectively, for geometry‐I, ‐II, and ‐III. The gel phantom was tested on the upright unit with lateral arm and the error metrics (1) to (4) were 0.4, 2.5, 0.8, and 2.4 mm respectively.ConclusionsA framework was developed to evaluate the tomosynthesis‐guided breast biopsy localization error, allowing quantitative comparisons between different systems and biopsy configurations. The proposed framework can also be extended to the stereotactic breast biopsy units. We suggest that a quantitative tolerance level for localization accuracy of breast biopsy units be established.
Permanent encoding of nano‐ to macro‐scale hierarchies of order from evaporative magnetic fluids
Authors: Zhong Tianyu , Andrews Mark , Fournier Patrick , Dion Maxime 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagnetic field‐directed assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in ferrofluids exhibit complex interconvertible metastable patterns and structures. Formally, ferrofluid patterns are unstable – they disappear when the magnetic field is removed. The present study shows that ferrofluid patterns can be “trapped” as kinetically stable structures that encode a surprising degree of morphological detail over nanometer to millimeter length scales. An external magnetic field is used to direct assembly of oleic acid‐decorated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles to make spike and labyrinthine patterns in volatile host solvents of heptane, octane and nonane. Solvent evaporation coupled with increases in sample magnetization drive pattern formation and its permanent recording. Use of a crosslinking siloxane polymer host yields remarkably different material responses. From the trapped states in both fluid systems, previously unreported hierarchies of order emerge in nanocomposite spike structures that also exhibit orientational and magnetic anisotropy. The possibility of designing hierarchical matter from initially uncorrelated MNPs is demonstrated by a directed solid‐state transformation of the magnetic nanocomposite; the spikes template memory of their origin onto the transformation products.
The effectiveness of skeletal age‐estimation in the reconstruction of population survivorship in post‐medieval Dublin
Authors: Clark Melissa A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBioarchaeologists have long used age estimates from skeletal remains to draw conclusions about past lifeways and sociobiological phenomena such as health, stress, fertility, and frailty, among others. However, the estimation of age from skeletal remains is complicated by a multitude of well‐documented challenges including age mimicry, variation in degeneration, preservation, and accuracy between anatomical regions, individuals, and populations. The application of transition analysis to bioarchaeological age estimation was introduced nearly two decades ago to address some of these challenges, and the newest version promise further improvements. However, given the time lag between the introduction of a new technology and its adoption, continued evaluation of existing methods remains important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of skeletal age‐at‐death estimation through transition analysis in the reconstruction of population survivorship in 18th century Dublin, Ireland. It was hypothesized that there would be no differences between the survival distributions calculated from 18th‐century parish records and survival distributions estimated from skeletal remains rom approximately the same time and location. Results show that survivorship estimated from transition analysis was approximately equal to the survivorship calculated from burial records in early‐ to mid‐adulthood, despite the fact that the samples do not represent the same individuals. However, transition analysis consistently produced higher survival curves in later adulthood, despite the lower socioeconomic statuses of the individuals represented in the skeletal sample relative to the individuals in the burial records, though these differences were not statistically significant for females. These findings suggest that bioarchaeologists should continue to exercise caution when drawing conclusions about populations based on skeletons.
Reconsidering Dexamethasone for Antiemesis when Combining Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Janowitz Tobias , Kleeman Sam , Vonderheide Robert H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhether the immune suppressive action of glucocorticoid steroids, such as dexamethasone, might reduce the benefits of cancer immunotherapy has long been a concern. Observations that established tumor regressions in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often persist, despite the use of steroids to mitigate ICI-related autoimmune breakthrough, are not sufficiently reassuring, because these observations do not address the potential blunting of immune priming at the initiation of ICI therapy. With increasing indications for ICI in combination with chemotherapy, this issue merits reconsideration. Professional society guidance advises that dexamethasone should be used as first-line prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting in patients receiving ICI and highly emetogenic chemotherapy combination regimens. Here, we review the availability of data on this subject and propose an alternative approach focused on the adoption of steroid minimization or sparing for prophylaxis of nausea until the underlying immune biology is better understood.
A new approach for kinetic modeling and optimization of rubber molding
Authors: Bera Oskar , Pavličević Jelena , Ikonić Bojana , Lubura Jelena , Govedarica Dragan , Kojić Predrag 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough extensive research has been carried out on the understanding of the complex vulcanization process, the influence of reversion through exposure time and temperature on the vulcanization degree remains unclear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was a novel optimization approach that can help the industrial practitioners to select the optimal operating parameters, exposure time, and molding temperature, to achieve desired vulcanization degree of selected product. Spheres of four different diameters (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 cm) were selected as test geometry for simulation and optimization of rubber molding. Obtained vulcanization rheometer data for commercially available rubber blend (NR/SBR) were fitted by a new modeling approach, dividing vulcanization curve into two fitting sets: curing and reversion. The heat transfer equations for chosen geometry were coupled with proposed kinetic model. A new temperature‐dependent kinetic parameter x, as the maximal reversion degree, was introduced, enabling determination of the lowest operating molding temperature (Tmin = 132.36 °C), preventing high reversion and overheating of the rubber product. The final optimization goal was assessment of the optimal temperature and vulcanization time dependence on the rubber products dimensions. Proposed models have precise prediction with R2 values greater than 0.8328 and MAPE less than 2.3099%.
Inherently ill‐defined nature of waste: Fatal outdoor poisoning of hazmat waste collection driver ‐ lessons learned
Authors: Hedlund Frank Huess , Aldrich Per Tybjerg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper examines the fatal poisoning of a vacuum truck driver who inadvertently mixed sulfuric and formic acid waste, which reacted to produce carbon monoxide gas in the truck's tank. The case highlights multiple systemic issues in the chemical waste disposal industry which may lead to repeat accidents. The paper argues that an ill‐defined composition is an intrinsic property of any waste. Therefore, the guiding safety principle should be to avoid mixing and minimize manual handling to the widest extent possible. Transport for disposal of hazmat waste in non‐conforming 1000‐L pallet tanks presents two unattractive options: (a) A vacuum truck is a simple and cost‐effective solution but entails chemical reactivity hazards upon mixing. (b) A 1:1 transfer of the contents to new compliant containers avoids mixing hazards but introduces manual handling hazards. The option of placing the pallet tank inside another approved enclosure appears unavailable in practice. Currently, the overall best option in many cases may be to transport the waste in the formally non‐compliant pallet tanks, by having guidelines for when and how to relax compliance requirements. The paper argues that the current ADR regulatory regime and the hazmat disposal industry offer insufficient support in making safer options available.
Biosaur: An open‐source Python software for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry peptide feature detection with ion mobility support
Authors: Abdrakhimov Daniil A. , Bubis Julia A. , Gorshkov Vladimir , Kjeldsen Frank , Gorshkov Mikhail V. , Ivanov Mark V. 
Published: January 2021

RATIONALEOne of the important steps in initial data processing of peptide mass spectra is the detection of peptide features in full‐range mass spectra. Ion mobility offers advantages over previous methods performing this detection by providing an additional structure‐specific separation dimension. However, there is a lack of open‐source software that utilizes these advantages and detects peptide features in mass spectra acquired along with ion mobility data using new instruments such as timsTOF and/or FAIMS‐Orbitrap.METHODSRecently, a utility called Dinosaur was presented, which provides an efficient way for feature detection in peptide ion mass spectra. In this work we extended its functionality by developing Biosaur software to fully employ the additional information provided by ion mobility data. Biosaur was developed using the Python 3.8 programming language.RESULTSBiosaur supports the processing of data acquired using mass spectrometers with ion mobility capabilities, specifically timsTOF and FAIMS. In addition, it processes mass spectra obtained in negative ion mode and reports cosine correlation table for peptide features which is useful for differentiation between in‐source fragments and semi‐tryptic peptides.CONCLUSIONSBiosaur is a utility for detecting peptide features in liquid chromatography–mass spectra with ion mobility and negative ion supports. The software is distributed with an open‐source APACHE 2.0 license and is freely available on Github: https://github.com/abdrakhimov1/Biosaur.
A new actuator fault‐tolerant control for Lipschitz nonlinear system using adaptive sliding mode control strategy
Authors: Ijaz Salman , Chen Fuyang , Tariq Hamayun Mirza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article proposed a new adaptive integral sliding mode (ISM) based fault‐tolerant control (FTC) strategy to solve the actuator's faults and failures compensation problem for the class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems. A nominal state feedback virtual control law is designed first to stabilize the Lipschitz nonlinear system and to attain the desired nominal performance. To cater for the effect of faults and failures, the control allocation (CA) scheme reorganizes the virtual input signals among the healthy redundant actuators based on actuator's effectiveness level. Then, a nonlinear adaptive integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) is incorporated with the CA scheme to compensate for unknown disturbance and uncertainties effect that arises in the system by virtue of actuator faults/failures and error in fault estimation . An effective synthesis procedure is adopted to ensure the closed‐loop stability condition using linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization. Finally, the FTC scheme is tested to achieve maneuvering control of coaxial octorotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system. Simulations are performed on the nonlinear system at different actuator faults/failures combinations. Moreover, the effect of wind‐gust, parameter variations, estimated state feedback and sensor noise are considered in nonlinear simulations. Finally, the results obtained during faults/failures are compared with the nominal condition and fixed ISMC based CA scheme.
Efficient Synthesis of Phosphorus/Nitrogen‐Containing Chrysin Derivatives via Classic Reactions
Authors: Zeng Ziyi , Liu Shuang , Luo Wenjun , Liang Jiaxin , Peng Ai‐Yun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChrysin is a widely distributed natural flavonoid with broad biological activities, but its poor bioavailability and insufficient efficacy limit its clinical applications. Based on prodrug and combination principles, we designed and synthesized sixteen new chrysin derivatives containing phosphonate, phosphoramidate and primary amine groups with different spaces at C‐7 position of chrysin in 66–93 % yields. The synthetic strategies involve the use of classic Arbuzov, Staudinger‐phosphite and Staudinger‐reduction reactions. The derivatives were herein prepared from easily available starting materials under mild conditions and fully characterized by 1H/13C/31P NMR, IR, MS, elemental analysis or HRMS.
Eigenvalue bifurcation in doubly nonlinear problems with an application to surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Dohnal Tomáš , Romani Giulio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider a class of generally non-self-adjoint eigenvalue problems which are nonlinear in the solution as well as in the eigenvalue parameter (“doubly” nonlinear). We prove a bifurcation result from simple isolated eigenvalues of the linear problem using a Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction and provide an expansion of both the nonlinear eigenvalue and the solution. We further prove that if the linear eigenvalue is real and the nonlinear problem$${\mathcal {PT}}$$PT-symmetric, then the bifurcating nonlinear eigenvalue remains real. These general results are then applied in the context of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), i.e. localized solutions for the nonlinear Maxwell’s equations in the presence of one or more interfaces between dielectric and metal layers. We obtain the existence of transverse electric SPPs in certain$${\mathcal {PT}}$$PT-symmetric configurations.
The promise of stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy
Authors: Melton Douglas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPresent-day treatments for people that are insulin dependent require multiple insulin injections, sometimes with an insulin pump, coupled with regular blood glucose monitoring. The availability of modified insulins, each with peaks of activity at varying times, has improved diabetes management. On the other hand, there have been impressive results leading to insulin independence by transplantation of cadaveric islets coupled with immune suppression. This review focuses on the possibility of treating diabetes with cellular transplants, specifically with the use of pluripotent stem cells, to produce a virtually unlimited and uniform supply of human islet-like clusters by directed differentiation. Prospects for improving the in vitro differentiation of human endocrine cells for the study of endocrine function and their possible clinical uses are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
Restricted kinematic alignment leads to uncompromised osseointegration of cementless total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Laforest Guillaume , Kostretzis Lazaros , Kiss Marc-Olivier , Vendittoli Pascal-André 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
While kinematic alignment (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with cemented implants has been shown to provide equivalent or better results than mechanical alignment, its combination with cementless fixation has not yet been documented. The purpose of this study is to report (1) revision rate and causes, (2) clinical results based on patient report outcome measures (PROMs), and (3) radiological signs of implant dysfunction in patients with an uncemented TKA implanted with restricted KA (rKA), after a minimum follow-up of 2 years.

Methods
This study included the first 100 consecutive uncemented cruciate retaining TKAs implanted between November 2015 and February 2018 by a single surgeon following rKA principles. At last follow-up, all adverse events and PROMs assessed by WOMAC, KOOS, and FJS scores were documented. Radiographic evaluation was performed to identify signs of implant loosening.

Results
After a mean follow-up of 49 months (32, 60), no implant revision was performed for aseptic loosening. Three revisions were performed: one for malalignment, one for a deep infection, and one for instability. The mean WOMAC score was 20.1 (0–79, 21.3), the mean KOOS score was 71.5 (19.0–96.6, 19.8), and the mean FJS score was 65.9 (0–100, 29.6). No radiological evidence of implant aseptic loosening or osteolysis was identified.

Conclusion
This study shows that in 99% of our cases, rKA combined with the tested cementless TKA implant allowed for adequate secondary fixation and good functional outcomes in the short term. Favourable mid- to long-term implant survivorship is anticipated.

Level of evidence
III.
Safety of Transseptal Puncture for Access to the Left Atrium in Infants and Children
Authors: Müller Matthias J. , Backhoff David , Schneider Heike E. , Dieks Jana K. , Rieger Julia , Krause Ulrich , Paul Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransseptal puncture (TSP) is a standard procedure to obtain access to the left heart. However, data on TSP in infants and children particularly with congenital heart defects (CHD) is sparse. Safety and efficacy of TSP in infants and children < 18 years with normal cardiac anatomy and with CHD were assessed. 327 TSP were performed in a total of 300 individuals < 18 years from 10/2002 to 09/2018 in our tertiary pediatric referral center. Median age at TSP was 11.9 years (IQR 7.8–15; range: first day of life to 17.9 years). 13 subjects were < 1 year. Median body weight was 43.8 kg (IQR 26.9–60; range: 1.8–121 kg). CHD was present in 28/327 (8.6%) procedures. TSP could be successfully performed in 323/327 (98.8%) procedures and was abandoned in 4 procedures due to imminent or incurred complications. Major complications occurred in 4 patients. 3 of these 4 subjects were ≤ 1 year of age and required TSP for enlargement of a restrictive atrial septal defect in complex CHD. Two of these babies deceased within 48 h after TSP attempt. The third baby needed urgent surgery in the cath lab. Pericardial effusion requiring drainage was noted in the forth patient (> 1 year) who was discharged well later. Minor complications emerged in 5 patients. The youngest of these individuals (0.3 years, 5.8 kg) developed small pericardial effusion after anterograde ballon valvuloplasty for critical aortic stenosis. The remaining 4/5 patients developed small pericardial effusion after ablation of a left-sided accessory atrioventricular pathway (6.1–12.2 years, 15.6–34.0 kg). TSP for access to the left heart was safe and effective in children and adolescents > 1 year of age. However, TSP was a high-risk procedure in small infants with a restrictive interatrial septum with need for enlargement of interatrial communication.
Intra‐Abdominal Hemorrhage Control: The Need for Routine Four‐Quadrant Packing Explored
Authors: Jakob Dominik A. , Liasidis Panagiotis , Schellenberg Morgan , Matsushima Kazuhide , Lam Lydia , Demetriades Demetrios , Inaba Kenji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRoutine four‐quadrant packing (4QP) for hemorrhage control immediately upon opening is a standard practice for acute trauma laparotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of 4QP for bleeding control in acutely injured patients undergoing trauma laparotomy.MethodsRetrospective single‐center study (01/2015–07/2019), including adult patients who underwent trauma laparotomy within 4 h of admission. Only patients with active intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, defined as bleeding within the peritoneal cavity or expanding retroperitoneal hematoma, were considered for analysis. Bleeding sources were categorized anatomically: liver/retrohepatic inferior vena cava (RIVC), spleen, retroperitoneal zones 1, 2 and 3, mesentery and others. Hemorrhage was further categorized as originating from a single bleeding site (SBS) or from multiple bleeding sites (MBS). The effectiveness of directed versus 4QP was evaluated for bleeding from the liver/RIVC, spleen and retroperitoneal zone 3, areas that are potentially compressible. Directed packing was defined as indicated if the bleeding was restricted to one of the anatomic sites suitable for packing, 4QP was defined as indicated if ≥ 2 of the anatomic sites suitable for packing were bleeding.ResultsDuring the study time frame, 924 patients underwent trauma laparotomy, of which 148 (16%) had active intra‐abdominal hemorrhage. Of these, 47% had a SBS and 53% had MBS. The liver/RIVC was the most common bleeding source in both patients with SBS (42%) and in patients with MBS (54%). According to our predefined indications, 22 of 148 patients (15%) would have benefitted from initial 4QP, 90 of 148 patients (61%) from directed packing and 36 of 148 patients (24%) packing would not have been of any value.ConclusionRoutine four‐quadrant packing is frequently practiced. However, this is only required in a small proportion of patients undergoing trauma laparotomy. Directed packing can be equally effective, saves time and decreases the risk of iatrogenic injury from unnecessary packing.