bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed‐time distributed event‐triggered formation control with state‐dependent threshold
Authors: Wang Jie , Tian Bailing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the complexity nonlinearities generated by discontinuous control and event‐triggered scheme, fixed‐time formation in event‐based framework is a more challenging issue compared with the continuous‐time control. This paper focuses on fixed‐time leaderless formation problem for multi‐agent systems with undirected topology. We propose a distributed robust event‐triggered control strategy for the fixed‐time formation where predictor‐based state transformation is employed to deal with input delay and sliding mode technology is implemented to solve bounded disturbances. We also obtain that the upper bound of the formation settling time is only determined by delay time, control design parameters, network connectivity, and independent of the initial conditions. In addition, the lower bound for the interexecution time is calculated to ensure that there is no Zeno behavior occurs. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the strategies.
Under‐reportage of “sex‐for‐marks” cases within public universities in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mafa Itai , Simango Tapiwa , Chisango Tadios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWomen around the globe have suffered and still suffer from sexual harassment within their homes, workplaces, and even in schools. Despite the trending of a new form of sexual harassment termed “sex‐for‐marks” within university settings, there is evidence of under‐reporting of these cases. Against this background, the paper sought to investigate factors that may be causing under‐reporting of such cases in order to make practical recommendations that can strengthen the reporting mechanism for sexual harassment within institutions of higher learning in Zimbabwe. Underpinned by a qualitative paradigm, the paper shows that under‐reporting of “sex‐for‐marks” cases is influenced by fear of failure, unclear reporting systems, the laxity from authorities in dealing with the cases, and the stigma and shame that is transferred on to the victims. Through the advocacy role of social work practice, the paper calls for the desensitization of sexuality and sexual behavior in order to challenge the culture of silence, which has proved to be the breeding ground for under‐reportage of sex‐for‐marks cases. The paper further encourages universities to consider partnering with theater and music departments to offer edutainment—a way of promoting awareness on sexual harassment and the “sex‐for‐marks” phenomenon.
Feature selection and classification over the network with missing node observations
Authors: Jin Zhuxuan , Kang Jian , Yu Tianwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractJointly analyzing transcriptomic data and the existing biological networks can yield more robust and informative feature selection results, as well as better understanding of the biological mechanisms. Selecting and classifying node features over genome‐scale networks has become increasingly important in genomic biology and genomic medicine. Existing methods have some critical drawbacks. The first is they do not allow flexible modeling of different subtypes of selected nodes. The second is they ignore nodes with missing values, very likely to increase bias in estimation. To address these limitations, we propose a general modeling framework for Bayesian node classification (BNC) with missing values. A new prior model is developed for the class indicators incorporating the network structure. For posterior computation, we resort to the Swendsen‐Wang algorithm for efficiently updating class indicators. BNC can naturally handle missing values in the Bayesian modeling framework, which improves the node classification accuracy and reduces the bias in estimating gene effects. We demonstrate the advantages of our methods via extensive simulation studies and the analysis of the cutaneous melanoma dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
Predictive Factors for Day 7 Positive Patch Test Readings at a Secondary Referral Centre
Authors: Tupker R. A. , Stapper W. G. C. , Kelder J. C. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Background
Based on studies at tertiary centres it is known that patch test reading on Day (D) 7 may show additional positive reactions. Female gender, higher age and allergen groups of topicals and corticosteroids were identified as predictive factors.

Objectives
The first aim was to study the value of reading patch tests on D2, D3 and D7 at a secondary referral centre. The second aim was to investigate the predictive potential of the factors sex, age, atopic dermatitis, body location, allergen group and clinical relevance for a positive reaction only on D7.

Methods
Retrospective data from patients tested between 2013 and 2016 were evaluated. The factors sex, age, atopic dermatitis, body location, allergen group and clinical relevance were tested by regression analysis.

Results
Two hundred and sixty-three out of a total of 396 patients had a positive reaction only on D2, D3 and D7 in 14 (2.5%), 152 (27.5%) and 61 (11.0%) occasions, observed in 10 (2.5%), 108 (27.3%) and 51 (12.9%) patients, respectively. These reactions were deemed relevant in 0 (0%), 12 (2.2%) and 9 (1.6%) occasions, observed 0 (0%), 11 (2.8%) and 9 (2.3%) patients, respectively. Higher age and allergen groups of metals, fragrances and resins were predictive for late positive reactions.

Conclusions
D7 patch test reading should also be routinely adopted at secondary referral centres. D7 positive reactions were associated with higher age and sensitization to metals, fragrances and resins.
Single Crystal Halide Perovskite Film for Nonlinear Resistive Memory with Ultrahigh Switching Ratio
Authors: Li Lutao , Chen Yuan , Cai Changming , Ma Peipei , Ji Huayong , Zou Guifu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMorre's law is coming to an end only if the memory industry can keep stuffing the devices with new functionality. Halide perovskite acts as a promising candidate for application in next‐generation nonvolatile memory. As is well known, the switching ratio is the key device requirement of resistive memory to improve recognition accuracy. Here, the authors introduce an all‐inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr3 single crystal film (SCF) into resistive memory as an active layer. The Ag/CsPbBr3/Ag memory cells exhibit reproducible resistive switching with an ultrahigh switching ratio (over 109) and a fast switching speed (1.8 µs). It is studied that the Schottky barrier of metal/CsPbBr3 SCF contact follows the tendency of Schottky–Mott theory, and the Fermi level pinning effect is effectively reduced. The interface S parameter of metal/CsPbBr3 SCF contact is 0.50, suggesting a great interface contact is formed. The great interface contact contributes to the steady high resistance state (HRS), and then the steady HRS leads to an ultrahigh resistive switching ratio. This work demonstrates high performance from halide perovskite SCF‐based memory. The introduction of halide perovskite SCF in resistive random access memory provides great potential as an alternative in future computing systems.
Thermally Hypsochromic or Bathochromic Emissions? The Silver Nuclei Does Matter
Authors: Su Yan‐Min , Cao Zhao‐Zhen , Feng Lei , Xue Qing‐Wang , Tung Chen‐Ho , Gao Zhi‐Yong , Sun Di 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStructural modulation of core‐shell silver nanoclusters from the inside is a huge challenge but of great importance in their syntheses. Herein, two silver nanoclusters [Ag3S9@Ag42] (SD/Ag45b) and [Ag9S9@Ag42] (SD/Ag51a) are isolated in the presence of different kinds of sulfonic acids. Uniquely, SD/Ag45b and SD/Ag51a show typical core‐shell structures with the similar Ag42 shell but different cores. The outer shell of 42 silver atoms comprises two Ag3 trigons at two poles encircled by three equatorial distorted square cupolas (J4, Ag12). The core in SD/Ag45b is a silver trigon ligated by nine S2− ions (Ag3S9), while a tricapped triangular prismatic Ag9 also ligated by the same amount of S2− ions (Ag9S9) is observed in the inner core of SD/Ag51a. The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) indicates that the introduction of p‐toluenesulfonic acid can realize the transformation from SD/Ag45b to Ag51. SD/Ag45b and SD/Ag51a show inverse luminescence thermochromic behaviors in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, mainly dictated by the inner silver cores. This work not only realizes the synthesis of new silver nanoclusters by core modulation but also provides a prototype to get molecular‐level insight into the correlation between structure and luminescence thermochromism.
Adaptive Backstepping Control for Mecanum‐Wheeled Omnidirectional Vehicle Using Neural Networks
Authors: Jiang Menglin , Chen Linshuang , Wang Yuchao , Wu Hansheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive backstepping controller is designed for the mecanum‐wheeled omnidirectional vehicle (MWOV) with frictions, external disturbances, and unknown slipping parameters. First, kinematic and dynamic models of the MWOV with wheels' slipping are derived. Especially, the virtual neural networks are introduced to on‐line approximate the nonlinear uncertainties of the dynamic system. Then, the adaptation laws with σ‐modification are employed to estimate the unknown parameters. Furthermore, based on the backstepping technology, an adaptive backstepping controller is synthesized with the updated values, and stability and robustness of the proposed control scheme are analyzed via the Lyapunov theory. Finally, comparative simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Computational mechanistic study in organometallic catalysis: Why prediction is still a challenge
Authors: Fey Natalie , Lynam Jason M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough computational contributions to the understanding of organometallic homogeneous catalysts have become fairly routine, a step‐change in the application of computational methods would be to achieve efficient, robust, and reliable prediction of the outcome of catalytic transformations. While we concur that there have been a number of recent promising advances in the interactions between computational and experimental mechanistic studies, the mapping of reactivity space remains incomplete and large‐scale studies have to make limiting assumptions which restrict their transferability. Close synergies between characterization and analysis techniques which are integrated with computational data, along with data capture, curation, and exploitation, are vital and develop our understanding of all aspects of the catalytic pathways (including activation and deactivation) and allow the continual refinement of mechanistic understanding, challenged by testing predictions experimentally. Here we review recent examples to formulate a protocol for such interactions.This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure MethodsStructure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and CatalysisData Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine LearningElectronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Climate-Smart Forestry in Brazil
Authors: Giongo Marcos , Santos Micael Moreira , da Silva Damiana Beatriz , Cachoeira Jader Nunes , Santopuoli Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrazil is the second largest forested country in the world with a high level of naturalness and biodiversity richness, playing a significant role in the adoption of mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change. Although the Brazilian federal government is mainly responsible for the protection of natural ecosystems, the decentralization process, which demands competences of the states and municipalities, allowed the establishment of several agencies and institutions dealing with monitoring, assessment, and management of forest ecosystems through a complex and interrelated number of forest policies. Nevertheless, the deforestation rate, with a consequent loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, represents critical challenges, attracting worldwide attention. The variety of mitigation and adaptation measures adopted over the years represents viable tools to face climate change and to promote climate-smart forestry in Brazil. Notwithstanding the positive effects achieved in the last decade, a better coordination and practical implementation of climate-smart forestry strategies is required to reach nationally and internationally agreed objectives.This chapter aims to depict the Brazilian forestry sector, highlighting the management strategies adopted overtime to counteract climate change.
Changes of Tree and Stand Growth: Review and Implications
Authors: Pretzsch H. , del Río M. , Giammarchi F. , Uhl E. , Tognetti R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we review the current long-term growth trends and short-term growth reaction to single or repeated stress events on tree and stand level in Europe. Based on growth trend analyses, the chapter reveals the strong human footprint on forest ecosystems.First, we use long-term experiments and increment cores to show change in growth trends within the last centuries. Growth reactions are caused by deposition and climate change rather than by silvicultural measures. Second, we look closer on regional-specific deviations from the general trend. Climate change, drought events, acid rain and O3are causing regional-specific growth reaction patterns. Third, we assess stress events and the resilience and resistance of monospecific and mixed stands against biotic and abiotic stress in view of the ongoing growth trends.The revealed tree and stand growth behaviours are highly relevant, as any changes of forest growth and structure have strong impacts on the provision of goods and ecosystem services. The results underline the importance of biomonitoring and suggest counteracting measures by forest planning, adaptation of silvicultural guidelines for existing forest and innovative design of future forests stands.
Modelling Future Growth of Mountain Forests Under Changing Environments
Authors: Bosela Michal , Merganičová Katarína , Torresan Chiara , Cherubini Paolo , Fabrika Marek , Heinze Berthold , Höhn Maria , Kašanin-Grubin Milica , Klopčič Matija , Mészáros Ilona , Pach Maciej , Střelcová Katarina , Temperli Christian , Tonon Giustino , Pretzsch Hans , Tognetti Roberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModels to predict the effects of different silvicultural treatments on future forest development are the best available tools to demonstrate and test possible climate-smart pathways of mountain forestry. This chapter reviews the state of the art in modelling approaches to predict the future growth of European mountain forests under changing environmental and management conditions. Growth models, both mechanistic and empirical, which are currently available to predict forest growth are reviewed. The chapter also discusses the potential of integrating the effects of genetic origin, species mixture and new silvicultural prescriptions on biomass production into the growth models. The potential of growth simulations to quantify indicators of climate-smart forestry (CSF) is evaluated as well. We conclude that available forest growth models largely differ from each other in many ways, and so they provide a large range of future growth estimates. However, the fast development of computing capacity allows and will allow a wide range of growth simulations and multi-model averaging to produce robust estimates. Still, great attention is required to evaluate the performance of the models. Remote sensing measurements will allow the use of growth models across ecological gradients.
Climate-Smart Silviculture in Mountain Regions
Authors: Pach Maciej , Bielak Kamil , Bončina Andrej , Coll Lluís , Höhn Maria , Kašanin-Grubin Milica , Lesiński Jerzy , Pretzsch Hans , Skrzyszewski Jerzy , Spathelf Peter , Tonon Giustino , Weatherall Andrew , Zlatanov Tzvetan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMountain forests in Europe have to face recently speeding-up phenomena related to climate change, reflected not only by the increases in the mean global temperature but also by frequent extreme events, that can cause a lot of various damages threatening forest stability. The crucial task of management is to adapt forests to environmental uncertainties using various strategies that should be undertaken to enhance forest resistance and resilience, as well as to maintain forest biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services at requested levels. Forests can play an important role in the mitigation of climate change. The stand features that increase forest climate smartness could be improved by applying appropriate silvicultural measures, which are powerful tools to modify forests. The chapter provides information on the importance of selected stand features in the face of climate change and silvicultural prescriptions on stand level focusing to achieve the required level of climate smartness. The selection of silvicultural prescriptions should be also supported by the application of simulation models. The sets of the various treatments and management alternatives should be an inherent part of adaptive forest management that is a leading approach in changing environmental conditions.
Networks of Global Policy Diffusion: The Introduction of Compulsory Education
Authors: Seitzer Helen , Besche-Truthe Fabian , Windzio Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompulsory education is closely related to the reproduction and change of a country’s culture. As we know from international comparative cultural research, however, there are different pathways into modernity, and so the particular role of education for a nation-state’s cultural basis might differ as well. At the same time, different relations between countries, such as cultural similarity or trade, can function as channels of diffusion of welfare policies. Our empirical analysis tests which dimensions of global networks structure the diffusion of introduction of compulsory education. We find a positive effect of exposure to other countries in a network of cultural similarity. Policy diffusion does not proceed via economic ties and colonial histories, but does through spatial proximity.
Introduction of Long-Term Care Systems: The Nascent Diffusion of an Emergent Field of Social Policy
Authors: Fischer Johanna , Polte Alexander , Sternkopf Meika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe introduction of social protection schemes for long-term cares that is assistance with daily living activities in case of extended impairments, constitutes a comparably recent development. Taking a birds-eye perspective, this chapter explores which international interdependencies and national constellations contributed to the establishment of long-term case systems from 1945 to 2010. In particular, we investigate the relevance of channels of horizontal diffusion, that is, geographic proximity, cultural similarity, and colonial ties, the influence of the European Union as well as domestic factors such as problem pressure and women’s political empowerment.
Existence of Walrasian equilibria with discontinuous, non-ordered, interdependent and price-dependent preferences, without free disposal, and without compact consumption sets
Authors: Podczeck Konrad , Yannelis Nicholas C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe extend a result on existence of Walrasian equilibria in He and Yannelis (Econ Theory 61:497–513, 2016) by replacing the compactness assumption on consumption sets made there by the standard assumption that these sets are closed and bounded from below. This provides a positive answer to a question explicitly raised in He and Yannelis (Econ Theory 61:497–513, 2016). Our new equilibrium existence theorem generalizes many results in the literature as we do not require any transitivity or completeness or continuity assumption on preferences, initial endowments need not be in the interior of the consumption sets, preferences may be interdependent and price-dependent, and no monotonicity or local non satiation is needed for any of the agents.
Analysis of tympanic sinus shape for purposes of intraoperative hearing monitoring: a microCT study
Authors: Bilińska Małgorzata , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Sokołowski Jacek , Niemczyk Kazimierz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Sinus tympani is the space in the retrotympanum, with variable morphology. Computed tomography is a common tool to investigate sinus tympani anatomy. During cochlear implantation or tympanoplasty, electrocochleography can be used for hearing monitoring. In such a surgical strategy the electrode is placed in the round window’s region throughout posterior tympanotomy. Common accessible needle-shaped electrodes using is difficult in achieving intraoperative stabilization. The aim of the study is to assess the dimensions and shape of sinus tympani, basing on the micro computed tomography scans for purposes of establishing the possible new electrocochleography electrode shape.

Materials and methods
Sixteen fresh frozen cadaveric temporal bones were dissected. MicroCT measurements included the depth and the width of sinus tympani, width of facial canal with stapedius muscle chamber. Obtained data were analyzed statistically with the use of RStudio 1.3.959 software.

Results
The highest average width of sinus tympani amounted for 2.68 mm, depth measured at the round window plane for 3.19 mm. Width of facial canal with stapedius muscle chamber highest average values at the round window plane- 3.32 mm. The lowest average minimum and maximum values were calculated at the 1 mm above the round window plane. The highest average posterior tympanotomy width was 2.91 mm.

Conclusions
The shape of the tympanic sinus is like a trough with the narrowest and deepest dimensions in the middle part. The ST shape and dimensions should be taken into account in constructing the ECochG electrode, designed for optimal placement through posterior tympanotomy approach.
Phakovitrektomie – Einfluss des Zeitpunktes der Kunstlinsenimplantation auf das korneale Endothel
Authors: Seifert Anastasia , Seitz Berthold , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Ludwig Klaus , Krause Matthias 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziele
Bei der Phakovitrektomie wird in der Regel zuerst die Katarakt operiert und die Kunstlinse meist vor Beginn der Vitrektomie implantiert. Man kann die Kunstlinse aber auch erst am Ende der Vitrektomie in den Kapselsack implantieren. Damit entfallen optische Beeinträchtigungen durch Hornhauttrübungen und Linsenrand während der Vitrektomie, und Komplikationen wie periphere Netzhautrisse oder Intraokularlinse-Subluxation lassen sich leichter vermeiden. Da diese Variante aber das Hornhautendothel zusätzlich belasten könnte, war das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, den postoperativen Endothelzellverlust nach Standardphakovitrektomie mit dem nach der alternativen Variante zu vergleichen.

Methoden
In dieser retrospektiven Studie entfielen je 41 Augen auf Gruppe I (Standardphakovitrektomie) oder Gruppe II (Variante). Primäre Zielgrößen waren der absolute und relative Hornhautendothelzellverlust von prä- nach 5 ± 1 Wochen postoperativ. Zu den sekundären Zielgrößen gehörten Sehschärfe, Augeninnendruck, Variationskoeffizient der Zellfläche des Endothels (CV), Anteil der hexagonalen Zellform des Endothels (6A), Pachymetrie, intra- und postoperative Komplikationen.

Ergebnisse
Der absolute und der relative Endothelzellverlust in Gruppe I (−108 ± 146 bzw. −4,1 ± 5,7 %) unterschieden sich nicht signifikant von dem in Gruppe II (−73 ± 122 bzw. −3,1 ± 5,3 %) (p = 0,299; p = 0,388). Auch die sekundären Zielgrößen zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die hier vorgestellte Variante der Phakovitrektomie erweitert die chirurgischen Optionen und zeigt im Vergleich zum Standardverfahren keinen signifikant abweichenden postoperativen kornealen Endothelzellverlust.