bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐quality carabid genome assembly provides insights into beetle genome evolution and cold adaptation
Authors: Weng Yi‐Ming , Francoeur Charlotte B. , Currie Cameron R. , Kavanaugh David H. , Schoville Sean D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hyperdiverse order Coleoptera comprises a staggering ~25% of known species on Earth. Despite recent breakthroughs in next generation sequencing, there remains a limited representation of beetle diversity in assembled genomes. Most notably, the ground beetle family Carabidae, comprising more than 40,000 described species, has not been studied in a comparative genomics framework using whole genome data. Here we generate a high‐quality genome assembly forNebria riversi, to examine sources of novelty in the genome evolution of beetles, as well as genetic changes associated with specialization to high‐elevation alpine habitats. In particular, this genome resource provides a foundation for expanding comparative molecular research into mechanisms of insect cold adaptation. Comparison to other beetles shows a strong signature of genome compaction, withN. riversipossessing a relatively small genome (~147 Mb) compared to other beetles, with associated reductions in repeat element content and intron length. Small genome size is not, however, associated with fewer protein‐coding genes, and an analysis of gene family diversity shows significant expansions of genes associated with cellular membranes and membrane transport, as well as protein phosphorylation and muscle filament structure. Finally, our genomic analyses show that these high‐elevation beetles have endosymbioticSpiroplasma, with several metabolic pathways (e.g., propanoate biosynthesis) that might complementN. riversi, although its role as a beneficial symbiont or as a reproductive parasite remains equivocal.
Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase reveals the abundance of senescent CD8+ T cells in aging humans
Authors: Martínez‐Zamudio Ricardo I. , Dewald Hannah K. , Vasilopoulos Themistoklis , Gittens‐Williams Lisa , Fitzgerald‐Bocarsly Patricia , Herbig Utz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAging leads to a progressive functional decline of the immune system, rendering the elderly increasingly susceptible to disease and infection. The degree to which immune cell senescence contributes to this decline remains unclear, however, since markers that label immune cells with classical features of cellular senescence accurately and comprehensively have not been identified. Using a second‐generation fluorogenic substrate for β‐galactosidase and multi‐parameter flow cytometry, we demonstrate here that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy humans increasingly display cells with high senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐βGal) activity with advancing donor age. The greatest age‐associated increases were observed in CD8+ T‐cell populations, in which the fraction of cells with high SA‐βGal activity reached average levels of 64% in donors in their 60s. CD8+ T cells with high SA‐βGal activity, but not those with low SA‐βGal activity, were found to exhibit features of telomere dysfunction‐induced senescence and p16‐mediated senescence, were impaired in their ability to proliferate, developed in various T‐cell differentiation states, and had a gene expression signature consistent with the senescence state previously observed in human fibroblasts. Based on these results, we propose that senescent CD8+ T cells with classical features of cellular senescence accumulate to levels that are significantly higher than previously reported and additionally provide a simple yet robust method for the isolation and characterization of senescent CD8+ T cells with predictive potential for biological age.
Analysis of recently duplicated TYRP1 genes and their effect on the formation of black patches in Oujiang‐color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color)
Authors: Chen H. , Wang J. , Du J. , Mandal B. K. , Si Zh. , Xu X. , Yang H. , Wang Ch. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryTyrp1 gene, as a member of the tyrosinase family, has undergone a recent duplication event during fourth‐round whole genome duplication in common carp. In this research, three Tyrp1 genes were identified in Oujiang‐color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color). The similar expression patterns and close phylogenetic relationship indicated that Tyrp1c is homologous to Tyrp1b and possibly originated from the ancient Tyrp1b. The rates of synonymous and non‐synonymous substitution (Ka/Ks) in Tyrp1 across teleost phylogeny indicated that Tyrp1a is more likely to be in the process of purifying selection. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to disrupt the Tyrp1 genes in zebrafish and the WB (black patches on white skin) strain of Oujiang‐color common carp. The Tyrp1 loss of function variants in zebrafish and WB carp showed severe melanin deficiency in the skin. Meanwhile, inactivation of a single Tyrp1 gene did not obstruct melanin synthesis, which proved that the functional redundancy of Tyrp1 genes existed in both zebrafish and Oujiang‐color common carp. Among the mosaic individuals with Tyrp1 genes in disrupted‐color common carp, various mutations in Tyrp1b gene induced gray or brown phenotypes, suggesting that it may be bifunctional in Oujiang‐color common carp. In addition, the phenotype of WB variants was different from that of WW (whole white skin), suggesting that Tyrp1 genes were not the key factor that caused the difference between WB and WW.
Social innovation participatory action research for empowerment of marginalized people
Authors: Sadabadi Ali Asghar , Rahimi Rad Zohreh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMarginalization of poor and uneducated residents has led to fundamental social damage in Iran's large cities, which is manifest in a persistent culture of poverty and lack of access to opportunities and services. Empowering these people is not possible with government resources, and it requires the use of empowerment methods, such as social innovation‐based solutions. The purpose of the present study was to propose a social innovation cycle for the marginalized individuals in parts of Tehran, Iran (Farahzad and Khavarshahr) as a sustainable solution to empower them by creating jobs for them. The present study was conducted using the participatory action research methodology to analyze key activities undertaken during the “poultry self‐sufficiency” social innovation cycles in four phases: 1. generating ideas by understanding the needs and identifying potential solutions; 2. developing, prototyping, and piloting the ideas; 3. assessing, scaling up, and diffusing the good ideas; and 4. learning and evolving. The results showed that social innovation has the most significant effect when actors in different parts of society contribute and cooperate. According to the results obtained in this study, “poultry self‐sufficiency” social innovation lifts the marginalized out of poverty, and the empowerment process helps them to participate in the community.
Importance of interaction rewiring in determining spatial and temporal turnover of tritrophic (Piper‐caterpillar‐parasitoid) metanetworks in the Yucatán Península, México
Authors: Campos‐Moreno Diego F. , Dyer Lee A. , Salcido Danielle , Massad Tara Joy , Pérez‐Lachaud Gabriela , Tepe Eric J. , Whitfield James B. , Pozo Carmen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural history studies documenting spatial and temporal variation of species assemblages and their interactions are critical for understanding biodiversity and community ecology. We characterized caterpillar–parasitoid assemblages on shrubs in the genusPiperacross remnants of semi‐evergreen forest in the Yucatán Península during the rainy and rainy–dry seasons. We collected caterpillars feeding onPiperleaves and reared them to adults or parasitoids to: (i) describe tritrophic interactions betweenPiper, caterpillars, and parasitoids, (ii) compare empirical metanetworks among sites and seasons, and (iii) investigate patterns in species and interaction turnover across spatial and temporal scales to understand the contribution of species composition and interaction rewiring to overall interaction turnover. We found sixPiperspecies supporting 79 species of caterpillars, which in turn hosted 20 species of parasitoids. In total, there were 116 realized trophic interactions. Species and interactions exhibited substantial turnover at temporal and spatial scales. Total interaction turnover was more pronounced across seasons in all sites (>93%), than it was between sites (<91%). We also found that interaction rewiring contributed more to overall interaction turnover than species turnover. The spatial and temporal variation in metanetworks documented here contribute to understanding fine‐scale temporal and spatial turnover in tropical species and interactions and raise important questions about the lability of consumer specialization and the short‐term effects of interaction rewiring on the stability of biotic communities. Our results highlight the importance of tropical food web studies that are based on natural history using consistent field methods to document bi‐ and tripartite interactions.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Decrease in CD38+ TH2A cell frequencies following immunotherapy with house dust mite tablet correlates with humoral responses
Authors: Luce Sonia , Batard Thierry , Bordas‐Le Floch Véronique , Le Gall Martine , Mascarell Laurent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn line with evidence for a role of pathogenic TH2A in seasonal allergies, we previously showed that individuals suffering from food allergy exhibited a decrease in circulating TH2A cells following multi‐food immunotherapy. Herein, we aim to confirm the decline of TH2A cells in individuals undergoing house dust mite immunotherapy (HDM‐AIT) and extend our observation to a new subset of CD38 expressing activated TH2A cells.MethodsThe frequencies of TH2A and CD38+ TH2A cells were analysed by flow cytometry in blood cells from 182 Japanese HDM‐allergic individuals included in a 1‐year clinical trial assessing the efficacy of HDM tablets. Interrelationship between these cellular responses and humoral mite‐specific IgE and IgG4 levels was further explored.ResultsA decrease in TH2A cells was observed in both active and placebo groups. Interestingly, CD38+ TH2A cell frequencies significantly decreased only in active groups. In younger individuals (16–30 years), both TH2A and CD38+ TH2A cells were significantly reduced in active groups but not in the placebo group. Significant inverse correlations were observed in the course of HDM‐AIT between changes in TH2A or CD38+ TH2A frequencies and IgG4 antibody levels.ConclusionsWe confirm the value of monitoring TH2A cell frequencies in allergic individuals and extend this observation to perennial allergy to HDM. We highlight the interest of CD38 to better identify the subset of TH2A cell down‐regulated by AIT. Finally, correlated cellular and humoral responses observed in immunoreactive individuals stress that coordinated pathways occur in the adaptive responses during AIT.
An adiponectin receptor agonist promote osteogenesis via regulating bone‐fat balance
Authors: Liu Hanghang , Liu Shibo , Ji Huanzhong , Zhao Qiucheng , Liu Yao , Hu Pei , Luo En 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesAdiponectin signalling has been considered to be a promising target to treat diabetes‐related osteoporosis. However, contradictory results regarding bone formation were observed due to the various isoforms of adiponectin. Therefore, it would be necessary to investigate the effect of adiponectin receptor signals in regulating bone‐fat balance.Materials and MethodsWe primarily applied a newly found specific activator for adiponectin receptor, AdipoRon, to treat bone metabolism‐related cells to investigate the role of Adiponectin receptor signals on bone‐fat balance. We then established femur defect mouse model and treated them with AdipoRon to see whether adiponectin receptor activation could promote bone regeneration.ResultsWe found that AdipoRon could slightly inhibit the proliferation of pre‐osteoblast and pre‐osteoclast, but AdipoRon showed no effect on the viability of mesenchymal stromal cells. AdipoRon could remarkably promote cell migration of mesenchymal stromal cells. Additionally, AdipoRon promoted osteogenesis in both pre‐osteoblasts and mesenchymal cells. Besides, AdipoRon significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis via its direct impact on pre‐osteoclast and its indirect inhibition of RANKL in osteoblast. Moreover, mesenchymal stromal stems cells showed obviously decreased adipogenesis when treated with AdipoRon. Consistently, AdipoRon‐treated mice showed faster bone regeneration and repressed adipogenesis.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated a pro‐osteogenic, anti‐adipogenic and anti‐osteoclastogenic effect of adiponectin receptor activation in young mice, which suggested adiponectin receptor signalling was involved in bone regeneration and bone‐fat balance regulation.
Clay mineralogical composition and chemical properties of Haplic Luvisol developed on loess in the protected landscape area Litovelské Pomoraví
Authors: Pospíšilová Ľubica , Uhlík Peter , Menšík Ladislav , Hlisnikovský Lukáš , Eichmeier Aleš , Horáková Eva , Vlček Vítězslav 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe character of parent material, organic matter and climatic conditions are the crucial factors of pedogenesis. They directly influence the intensity of weathering, transformation processes, elements release and geochemical cycles. The mineral transformation in a profile of the recent soil developed on loess (Haplic Luvisols, Siltic, Epidystric, Ochric) was studied. The land area Litovelské Pomoraví was chosen because of the stability of soil‐forming factors such as topography, relief, vegetation and climate. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) quantitative analysis of the fine earth (<2 mm) and XRD analysis of clay (<2 μm) and the fine clay fraction (<0.2 μm) were applied. The obtained results showed the most significant differences between the argic horizons (Bt1 and Bt2) and other soil horizons. The lower content of quartz and feldspars and higher content of dioctahedral micas and phyllosilicates in both Bt horizons was observed. It was assumed the clay illuviation/lessivage process was preceded by long‐term leaching of carbonate in humid continental conditions during almost the whole Holocene. The distribution of the clay fraction correlates with the distribution of phyllosilicates through the profile. Major clay minerals in the clay fraction (<2 μm) were illite and kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite and several types of mixed‐layered phases. The analysis of the finer clay fraction (<0.2 μm) identified the new phase hydroxy‐interlayered minerals as the product of illite (vermiculite) weathering in humid continental conditions.Highlights
Clay mineralogy of Haplic Luvisols on loess was studied.
XRD analysis identified the new phase of hydroxy‐interlayered minerals.
Increasing of smectites, dioctahedral micas, and goethite as a result of clay illuviation/lessivage process was observed.
A theoretical model to predict suffusion‐induced particle movement in cohesionless soil under seepage flow
Authors: Huang Zhe , Bai Yuchuan , Xu Haijue , Sun Jian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuffusion is a grave threat leading to accidents in embankment dams across the world. The process has been widely studied experimentally and numerically with gap‐grading cohesionless soil. One of the direct observations in the studies is the finer particle loss of the soil. However, the movement of the finer particles in the numerical models is commonly predicted with an empirical law. This paper proposes a theoretical particle movement model based on the force balance of soil particles and a probability distribution of the soil pores under one‐dimensional upward seepage flow. In the proposed model, the velocity and the critical movement state of soil particles were deduced, and a method to predict the critical hydraulic gradient was established. The finer particle movement rate was estimated theoretically using the particle movement velocity and probability. The model was verified with several experiments and showed a good consistency in the critical hydraulic gradient, seepage velocity, finer particle loss and hydraulic conductivity. Finally, the changes in the soil parameter during the suffusion process, the effects of the hydraulic gradient and initial porosity and the model applicability are discussed quantitatively. The results indicate that the modelled soil parameter changes match well with the movement characteristics of the finer particles observed in the experiment. The particle movement process is very sensitive to changes in the hydraulic gradient and soil initial porosity. The theoretical model provides a new method to assess the suffusion process for internal unstable cohesionless sand soil.Highlights
A evaluation model of the suffusion‐induced soil particle movement was proposed
The model was established based on force equilibrium of soil particles
The model was credible in varied factors based on experiment data
The model evaluated suffusion process, variables affects and model applicability were discussed
Priorities and preferences for care of people with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Rijken Mieke , Stüssgen René , Leemrijse Chantal , Bogerd Mieke J. L. , Korevaar Joke C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo guide the development of high‐quality care for people with multiple chronic conditions, partners of the European Joint Action CHRODIS developed the Integrated Multimorbidity Care Model. To assess its suitability for improving care for people with multimorbidity in the Netherlands, the model was piloted in a primary care setting with both patients and care providers.AimThis paper reports on the patient perspective, and aims to explore the priorities, underlying values and preferences for care of people with multimorbidity.Participants and methodsTwenty persons with multimorbidity (selected from general practice registries) participated in a focus group or telephone interview. Subsequently, a questionnaire was completed by 863 persons with multimorbidity registered with 14 general practices. Qualitative data were thematically analysed and quantitative data by means of descriptive statistics.ResultsFrequently prioritized elements of care were the use of shared electronic health records, regular comprehensive assessments, self‐management support and shared decision making, and care coordination. Preferences for how these elements should be specifically addressed differed according to individual values (eg weighing safety against privacy) and needs (eg ways of coping with multimorbidity).ConclusionThe JA‐CHRODIS Integrated Multimorbidity Care Model reflects the priorities and preferences for care of people with multimorbidity in the Netherlands, which supports its relevance to guide the development of person‐centred integrated care for people with multiple chronic conditions in the Netherlands.Patient contributionEuropean patient experts contributed to the development and applicability assessment of the JA‐CHRODIS Integrated Multimorbidity Care Model; Dutch patients participated in focus groups, interviews and a survey.
The effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) in the treatment of facial skin oily seborrhea, enlarged pores, and symptom complex of post‐acne
Authors: Shirshakova Maria , Morozova Elena , Sokolova Daria , Pervykh Svetlana , Smirnova Lyudmila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) in the treatment of acne.MethodsThe study was conducted in 2018 on 12 patients, 10 females and two males, aged 35 years on average. The injections with BTX‐A were given during 2 weeks into the face skin in a dosage of 0.125–0.250 units.ResultsSkin moisture indexes increased during the therapy by 4% (P ≤ 0.05), and porosity decreased by 7% (P ≤ 0.01). Maximal changes were recorded for the sulci and pigmentation of the skin, namely, its values decreased by 10 and 9%, respectively (P ≤ 0.01). BTX‐A is recommended for an application not only in plastic surgeries but also for local correction of acne on the patient's skin.ConclusionA positive correlation was revealed between the duration of treatment and reduction of skin oiliness (0.87), pigmentation (0.78), skin sulci (0.84), and skin porosity (0.88), and negative correlation was established with increased skin moisture (−0.64). The obtained dependencies apply for the therapy period of up to 2 weeks. Pharmacological properties of BTX‐A allow recommending it as a drug used in post‐acne therapy.
Preparation of pickering emulsion stabilised by Zein/Grape seed proanthocyanidins binary composite
Authors: Li Wenjing , Huang Dongjie , Jiang Yang , Liu Yuqian , Li Feng , Huang Qingrong , Li Dapeng 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis paper introduced a kind of binary composite particle constructed by zein particles and grape seed proanthocyanidins (PAs). The physicochemical performance of the zein/PAs complex colloidal particles (ZPAPs) was systematically evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the interactions between zein and PAs were mainly hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The three‐phase contact angle (θo/w) of zein particles was around 120.7 ± 0.7°, and it was decreased to 100.8 ± 0.6° after the addition of PAs, indicating that ZPAPs were more suitable for stabilising Pickering emulsion. ZPAPs stabilised peanut oil Pickering emulsion (ZPAPEs) at 0.5–0.7 (v/v) oil fractions had no obvious phase separation during a 30‐day storage, indicating its good storage stability. Rheological results showed that ZPAPEs had excellent plasticity and viscoelasticity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that particles had stably anchored on the surface of oil droplets which could effectively prevent from Ostwald ripening. The incorporation of PAs to zein endowed zein with stronger affinity, thus enhancing the stability of Pickering emulsion. This research constructed a new novel food‐grade emulsifier to prepare Pickering emulsion with potential applications, and further broaden the bioavailability of PAs.
Wholegrains: a review on the amino acid profile, mineral content, physicochemical, bioactive composition and health benefits
Authors: Allai Farhana Mehraj , Azad ZRAA , Gul Khalid , Dar B. N. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWholegrains are a rich source of phytochemicals, dietary fibre, complex carbohydrate, proteins, minerals, lipids and vitamins that may have the tendency to increase heath beyond the simple provision of nutrition and energy. They are highly nutritive due to their balanced amino acid profile and other macro‐ and micronutrient composition. It is considered well‐balanced diet having functional characteristics that have shown to possess medicinal benefits. The inverse relation between consumption of wholegrains and the reduced risk of chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes are reported in several studies. The consumption of wholegrains is on the rise due to the growing health‐conscious populace and health‐promoting components support the dietary consumption of wholegrains and their products. Accordingly, the conclusive evaluation of wholegrains and the human intervention studies conducted for the whole grain intake, and the inference that the wholegrains, functional properties and the health outcomes associated with wholegrains are discussed.