bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of simultaneous CT-guided localization for multiple pulmonary nodules using microcoil before Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Xu Yanyan , Ma Lingchuan , Sun Hongliang , Huang Zhenguo , Zhang Zhenrong , Xiao Fei , Ma Qianli , Lin Jie , Xie Sheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of microcoil in simultaneous localization for multiple pulmonary nodules before video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients (26 two-nodule, 2 three-nodule; 58 nodules in total; Group A) underwent simultaneous CT-guided localization of multiple pulmonary nodules before VATS using microcoil. Successful targeting, localization, and VATS were defined as implantation of microcoil at the target site on CT image which was obtained immediately after the marking procedure, visualization of nodule location, and complete resection of the target nodule with adequate margin, respectively. Meanwhile, the clinical characteristics, localization procedure-related variables of the nodules and procedure-related complications in group A were also assessed and compared with those in a control group (221 single-localization procedures in 221 patients; Group B). Results: Similar rates of successful targeting, localization and VATS were observed in group A and B (96.6% vs 98.2%; 91.4% vs 91.0%; 100% vs 99.1%). Although the rate of overall complications (including localized pneumothorax and intrapulmonary hemorrhage) was a bit higher in group A than that in group B (32.8% vs 30.8%, p=0.771), only minor complications were observed in the subjects of the two groups with no need for further treatment. In addition, the duration of simultaneous localization procedures was significantly longer than that of single localization (24±7.5 vs 13±6 min, p<0.001).Conclusions: CT-guided simultaneous microcoil localization for multiple pulmonary nodules before VATS was clinically feasible and safe with acceptable increase in the procedure time. Compared with localization for a single pulmonary nodule, simultaneous microcoil localizations for multiple nodules were prone to pneumothorax and hemorrhage. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups.
Effect of gut microbiota modulation on feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients: a systematic review
Authors: Seifi Najmeh , Esfahani Ali Jafarzadeh , Sedaghat Alireza , Rezvani Reza , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid , Nematy Mohsen , Safarian Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients. Methods: Medline, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to November 2019. English language randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of pre, pro or synbiotics on the feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients were included. Results: Overall, 15 papers were selected for review. Among six studies reporting the energy intake, only two studies showed significantly higher energy intake in the prebiotic-receiving groups. Among four RCTs reporting frequency or time to achieve the target calorie, only one found a significant effect of probiotics to reduce the time to achieve a target dose of calorie. About the prevalence or duration of diarrhea, 7 out of 12 RCTs reported a beneficial effect. All but one study found no beneficial effects for gut microbiota manipulation on clinical endpoints including length of stay (LOS) in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion: It should be noticed that the heterogeneity in study designs, product format, and ICU patient populations makes it difficult to draw any general conclusion. Overall, it seems that pre, pro or synbiotics have not significant beneficial effect on feeding tolerance and clinical endpoints in critically ill adults, but they may reduce the prevalence or duration of diarrhea.
On the move: Exploring Inuit and non-Inuit health service providers’ perspectives about family participation in care in Nunavik, a qualitative study.
Authors: Fraser Sarah Louise , Moulin Louise , Gaulin Dominique , Thompson Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Literature about participation in health and social services suggests that youth, and more specifically Indigenous youth, are difficult to engage within health and social services. Youth are less likely to access services or to actively participate in decision-making regarding their personal care. Service providers play a crucial role in engaging youth based on the ways in which they seek, establish, and maintain relationships with youth and their families. The way in which providers engage with youth will depend on various factors including their own perceptions of the roles and relationships of the various people involved in youth’s lives. In this article, we analyze health and social service providers’ perspectives, experiences and expectations regarding the roles of Indigenous youth, families and community in care settings in Nunavik, Quebec. Methods: Using a snowball sampling approach, we recruited 58 interview participants (39 non-Inuit and 19 Inuit), including psychiatrists, general practitioners, nurses, social workers, school principals, teachers, student counsellors, representatives of local committees, and police officers. The interviews focused on three broad areas: 1) participants’ current and past positions and roles; 2) participants’ perceptions of the clientele they work with (youth and their families); and 3) participants’ understandings of how collaboration takes place within and between services and the community. We conducted inductive applied thematic analyses and then analyzed the interview transcripts of Inuit and non-Inuit participants separately to explore the similarities and differences in perceptions based on positionality. Results: We organized the findings around three themes: I) the most commonly described interventions, II) different types of challenges to and within participation; and III) what successful participation can look like according to service providers. Participants identified the challenges that families face in moving towards services as well as the challenges that services providers face in moving towards youth and families, including personal, organizational and historical factors. Conclusion: We adopt a critical lens to reflect on the key findings in order to tease out points of tension and paradoxes that might hinder the participation of youth and families, specifically in a social context of decolonization and self-governance of services.
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Nutrition and Dietetics Needs and the Requisite Professional Competencies in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Kikomeko Peterson Kato , Ochola Sophie , Kaaya Archileo N. , Ogada Irene , Birungi Tracy Lukiya , Nakitto Peace 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Effective implementation of nutrition and dietetics interventions necessitates professionals in these fields to possess the requisite competencies for health systems performance. This study explored the stakeholders’ perceptions of the community nutrition and dietetics needs, the nature of work done by graduates of the Bachelor’s degree in Human Nutrition/Human Nutrition and Dietetics (HN/HND), and the competencies required of Nutrition and Dietetics professionals in Uganda.

Methods

A cross-sectional mixed methods design was used. Respondents included 132 graduates of the Bachelor’s degrees in HN/HND obtained from the Makerere and Kyambogo Universities during the period 2005-2016; 14 academic staff that train HN/HND in the two universities; and 10 HN/HND work/internship supervisors. Data from the graduates was collected through an email-based survey while that from other participants was through face to face interviews using a structured key informant interview guide.

Results

Most HN/HND respondents (84.8%) obtained their Bachelor's degrees from Kyambogo University and 61.4% graduated in the years 2013-2016. Most (64.3%) academic staff that responded were females and the majority (57.1%) had doctorate training. All stakeholders viewed communities as facing a variety of nutrition and dietetics challenges some of which fall across different Sustainable Development Goals. The nutrition and dietetics interventions requested, provided, and considered a priority to provide to communities were both nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive. Work done by HN/HND graduates encompassed seven main domains; the dominant being organizational leadership and management; management of nutrition-related disease conditions; nutrition and health promotion; research and documentation; and advocacy, communication, and awareness.

Conclusions

This study shows that nutrition and dietetics challenges in Uganda are multifaceted. HN/HND graduates are employed in different sectors; provide nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions in a multisectoral environment; are expected to possess a variety of knowledge and skills. However, graduates have knowledge and skills gaps even in some of the key areas they are expected to exhibit competency. We recommend using these findings to develop a HN/HND competency-based education model suitable for Uganda; develop a national HN/HND training and practice standards; and undertake further research to understand the quality and relevancy of HN/HND curricula to the job market requirements.
Efficiency of atorvastatin on in-hospital mortality of patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD): study protocol for a randomized, open-label, superiority clinical trial
Authors: Chen Yequn , Xiong Nianling , Wang Xin , Wu Shiwan , Hong Liangli , Huang Xiru , Chen Chang , Li Weiping , Wang Bin , Ye Shu , Tan Xuerui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia and local inflammation at sites of lipid deposition on blood vessel walls have been demonstrated to be risk factors for patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Statins have anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects, which suggest that statins may play an important role in prevention and treatment of AAD. Some retrospective studies show that statins can protect patients with aortic dissection. However, the effect of statins on survival of AAD patients has been scarcely investigated, especially in randomized trials. In this study, we will perform a randomized clinical trial to understand whether statins can reduce in-hospital mortality of AAD patients. Methods: A total of 384 subjects diagnosed with AAD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College will be recruited. Participants will be randomly divided into an atorvastatin-treated or control group. The primary outcome will be the in-hospital mortality. Discussion: This study is designed to verify the efficacy of atorvastatin on reducing in-hospital mortality of patients with AAD. The aim is to provide a new means of improving survival as a complement to conventional drug therapy.Trial registration: Registered by the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR1900023515, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=38275&htm=4). Registered 1 June 2019.
Public Health Implication of&nbsp;Drinking Water Sources Contaminated with Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in South Ethiopia
Authors: Damitie Mengistu , Santiago Dante , Leyns Luc , Mereta Seid Tiku , Mekonnen Zeleke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are topmost causes of gastrointestinal diseases mainly in socio-economically disadvantaged regions. Understanding the molecular diversity and distribution of these parasites in water sources and the environmental variables that influence their prevalence is important to effectively control infections in at-risk populations, however, the state of knowledge about risks of these parasites associated with source water is little in Africa. This study aimed at characterizing risks of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. from water sources in southern Ethiopia.Methods: Twenty-one water samples (10L per source) were collected from five different types of drinking water sources. Sample was analyzed using immunofluorescence assay with fluorescein isothiocyanate–monoclonal antibodies and nested PCR; tpi-PCR was used for genotyping purpose in Giardia duodenalis isolates and SSU-rRNA and gp60-PCR in Cryptosporidium spp. isolates. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rho correlation and independent-samples nonparametric test.The risk was characterized using quantitative microbial risk assessment.Results: The immunofluorescence assay showed that cyst was detected in 81% (17/21) and oocyst in 71% (15/21) of the samples with mean concentrations of 64.6 cysts.10 L-1 and 62.8 oocysts.10 L-1. Genotypic analysis showed that Giardia duodenalis assemblage B was genotyped in 29.4% (5/17), assemblage A in 17.6% (3/17) and assemblages A+B in 52.9% (9/17) of the samples. Cryptosporidium spp. genotype was detected in 57.1% (12/21) of the samples; Cryptosporidium parvum in 38.1% (8/21), Cryptosporidium hominis in 14.3% (3/21) and Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in 4.7% (1/21) of the samples. The average probability of illness from the water sources was 0.06 for Giardia duodenalis and 0.22 for Cryptosporidium spp.Conclusions: The finding highlights the significance of water for transmission of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in southern Ethiopia. Genotypes detected in the samples indicate multiple sources likely contaminated the sources. Health risk that is inferred from the water sources to the public are significantly higher than most other reported findings. This study recommends the need of regular follow-up, improvement in water treatment facilities and setting appropriate legislation in areas where cycles of parasitic infection is linked to water sources.
Factors associated with failure of bony union after conservative treatment of acute cases of unilateral lumbar spondylolysis
Authors: Tatsumura Masaki , Gamada Hisanori , Okuwaki Shun , Eto Fumihiko , Nagashima Katsuya , Ogawa Takeshi , Mammoto Takeo , Hirano Atsushi , Koda Masao , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: If bone union is expected, conservative treatment is generally selected for lumbar spondylolysis. However, sometimes conservative treatments are unsuccessful. We sought to determine the factors associated with failure of bony union in acute unilateral lumbar spondylolysis with bone marrow edema including contralateral pseudoarthrosis.Methods: This study targeted unilateral lumbar spondylolysis treated conservatively in high school or younger students. Conservative therapy was continued until the bone marrow edema disappeared on MRI and bone union was investigated by CT. We conducted a univariate analysis of sex, age, pathological stage, lesion level complicating the contralateral bone defect, lesion level, and intercurrent spina bifida occulta, and variables with p < 0.1 were considered in a logistic regression analysis. An item with p < 0.05 was defined as a factor associated with failure of bony union.Results: We found 92 cases of unilateral spondylolysis with bone marrow edema and 66 cases were successfully treated conservatively. Failure of bony union in unilateral lumbar spondylolysis with bone marrow edema was associated with advanced pathological stage (p = 0.004), contralateral pseudoarthrosis (p < 0.001), and L5 lesion level (p = 0.002). The odds ratio was 20.0 (95% CI 3.0–193.9) for advanced pathological stage, 78.8 (95% CI 13–846) for contralateral pseudoarthrosis, and 175 (95% CI 8.5–8192) for L5 lesion level.Conclusions: Conservative therapy aiming at bony union is contraindicated in cases of acute unilateral spondylolysis when the pathological stage is advanced, the lesion level is L5, or there is contralateral pseudoarthrotic spondylolysis.
Key factors associated with oral health-related quality of life in Sri Lankan adolescents: a cross sectional study
Authors: Amilani Uttara , Jayasekara Prasanna , Carter Hannah E , Senanayake Sameera , Kularatna Sanjeewa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures have emerged as an important oral health outcome that is able to reveal the subjective burden of illness due to oral diseases. The association between socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, clinical dental conditions and OHRQoL indicators has been investigated in adolescents’ cohorts across the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate key factors associated with oral health-related quality of life of Sri Lankan adolescents.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted amongst a sample of 15-19 year-old secondary school students, Gampaha district, Sri Lanka. The data was collected using two self-administered questionnaires. A modified Sinhalese version of the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire that has been validated for Sri Lankan adolescents was administered. A second questionnaire collected information on socioeconomic characteristics, oral health care seeking and oral health behaviours. A clinical oral examination was performed on each participant. Oral health related quality of life was measured using OIDP domains and total OIDP scores. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the key factors associated with the OIDP additive score.ResultsA total of 1,332 adolescents participated in the study. Negative quality of life impacts were more prevalent in the social and psychological domain of OIDP as compared with the functional domain. Total OIDP scores ranged from 0 to 36 with a mean of 3.16 (SD=4.71). The multivariable analysis revealed that presence of missing teeth, presence of anomaly and regular consumption of sugary items were risk factors for poorer OHRQoL and increased frequency of daily tooth brushing was a protective factor for good OHRQoL.ConclusionBehavioural and presence of teeth irregularities were associated with OHRQoL and could have implications for the improvement of OHRQoL among Sri Lankan adolescents.
Proteome-wide and lysine crotonylation profiling reveals the importance of crotonylation in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiforum) under low-temperature
Authors: Lin Ping , Bai Hui-ru , He Ling , Huang Qiu-xiang , Zeng Qin-han , Pan Yuan-zhi , Jiang Bei-bei , Zhang Fan , Zhang Lei , Liu Qin-lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Low-temperature severely affects the growth and development of chrysanthemum which is one kind of ornamental plant well-known and widely used in the world. Lysine crotonylation is a recently identified post-translational modification (PTM) with multiple cellular functions. However, lysine crotonylation under low-temperature stress has not been studied. Results: Proteome-wide and lysine crotonylation of chrysanthemum at low-temperature was analyzed using TMT (Tandem Mass Tag) labeling, sensitive immuno-precipitation, and high-resolution LC-MS/MS. The results showed that 2017 crotonylation sites were identified in 1199 proteins. Treatment at 4 °C for 24 h and −4 °C for 4 h resulted in 393 upregulated proteins and 500 downregulated proteins (1.2-fold threshold and P < 0.05). Analysis of biological information showed that lysine crotonylation was involved in photosynthesis, ribosomes, and antioxidant systems. The crotonylated proteins and motifs in chrysanthemum were compared with other plants to obtain orthologous proteins and conserved motifs. To further understand how lysine crotonylation at K136 affected APX (ascorbate peroxidase), we performed a site-directed mutation at K136 in APX. Site-directed crotonylation showed that lysine decrotonylation at K136 reduced APX activity, and lysine complete crotonylation at K136 increased APX activity.Conclusion: In summary, our study comparatively analyzed proteome-wide and crotonylation in chrysanthemum under low-temperature stress and provided insights into the mechanisms of crotonylation in positively regulated APX activity to reduce the oxidative damage caused by low-temperature stress. These data provided an important basis for studying crotonylation to regulate antioxidant enzyme activity in response to low-temperature stress and a new research ideas for chilling-tolerance and freezing-tolerance chrysanthemum molecular breeding.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic surgery (PTES) for surgical treatment of calcified lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective cohort study of 101 patients
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhou Tianyao , Gu Yutong , Yan Zuoqin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopy has been widely used to treat lumbar disc herniation (LDH), but the steep learning curve and difficulties in removing the calcified disc hinders the application of conventional endoscopy in treating calcified lumbar disc herniation (CLDH). In 2017, we first reported Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery (PTES) as an easy-to-learn posterolateral transforaminal endoscopic technique to decompress the nerve root for LDH. We used our PTES technique to remove the calcified LDH and the purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique.Methods: Forty-six patients with CLDH and fifty-five patients with uncalcified lumbar disc herniation (ULDH) underwent PTES to decompress the nerve root. Visual analogue scale was collected before the surgery, immediately, one week, one month, two months, three months, six months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery. The outcomes of MacNab classification were collected 24 months after surgery. Intra- and Post-operative complications were also recorded.Results: For CLDH patients, the VAS score was 9 (5-10) before operation, and then dropped to 2 (1-4) after surgery. VAS score continually decreased to 0 (0-3) at 24 months after surgery. 95.65% of CLDH patients showed excellent or good outcomes. ULDH group showed similar MacNab classification (94.55%) and VAS changing curve. The therapeutic effect of PTES in treating CLDH was as good as that in treating uncalcified patients.Conclusion: PTES is an effective and safe method to treat calcified lumbar disc herniation.
Persistently higher serum sCD40L levels are associated with outcome in septic patients
Authors: Liang Yingjian , Zhu Chengrui , Sun Yini , Li Zhiliang , Wang Liang , Liu Yina , Li Xin , Ma Xiaochun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) exhibits proinflammatory and procoagulant effects. Recent data indicated that sCD40L plays a significant role in septic patients. The aim of the present study was to determine sCD40L changes in surgical patients without sepsis (SWS) and in surgical sepsis patients (SS) during the first three days at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and to observe the association between sCD40L and mortality.Methods: Time changes in sCD40L levels were assessed for 3 days after ICU admission in 49 patients with SS and compared with 19 SWS patients. Serum sCD40L concentration was detected by ELISA. Survival at 28 days was used as the endpoint.Results: SS had significantly higher sCD40L levels than SWS and control patients. We observed an association between sCD40L levels ≥1028.75 pg/ml at day 2 and 28-day mortality (odds ratio = 7.888; 95% confidence interval = 1.758 to 35.395; P= 0.007). We could not discover any significant differences in gender, presence of septic shock, site of infection, length of stay in the ICU, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, incidence of AKI, ARDS, or type of surgery between nonsurvivors and survivors.Conclusions: Septic patients show persistently higher circulating sCD40L levels in the first three days at ICU admission, and the serum sCD40L levels are associated with the mortality of patients with sepsis; thus, serum sCD40L may be used as a reliable biomarker and therapeutic target in sepsis.