bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering In‐Plane Nickel Phosphide Heterointerfaces with Interfacial sp HP Hybridization for Highly Efficient and Durable Hydrogen Evolution at 2 A cm−2
Authors: Zhou Qian , Liao Liling , Bian Qihang , Yu Fang , Li Dongyang , Zeng Jinsong , Zhang Long , Wang Hui , Tang Dongsheng , Zhou Haiqing , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe catalytic hydrogen‐evolving activities of transition‐metal phosphides are greatly related to the phosphorus content, but the physical origin of performance enhancement remains ambiguous, and tuning the catalytic activity of nickel phosphides (NiP2/Ni5P4) remains challenging due to unfavorable H* adsorption. Here, a strategy is introduced to integrate P‐rich NiP2 and P‐poor Ni5P4 into in‐plane heterostructures by anion substitution, in which P atoms at the in‐plane interfaces perform as active sites to adsorb H* and thus facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process via modulating the electronic structure between NiP2 and Ni5P4. Consequently, the NiP2/Ni5P4 hybrid exhibits an outstanding hydrogen‐evolving activity, requiring only 30 and 76 mV to afford 10 and 100 mA cm−2 in acid, respectively. It surpasses most of the earth‐abundant electrocatalysts thus far, and is comparable to Pt catalysts (30/72 mV at 10/100 mA cm−2). Particularly, it can run smoothly at large current density and only requires 247 mV to reach 2000 mA cm−2. Detailed theoretical calculations reveal that its exceptional activity stems from the moderate overlap of density states between P 2p and H 1s orbitals, thus optimizing the H*‐adsorption strength. This work highlights a new avenue toward the fabrication of robust non‐noble electrocatalysts by constructing in‐plane heterojunctions.
Simultaneous Dimensional and Analytical Characterization of Ordered Nanostructures
Authors: Hönicke Philipp , Kayser Yves , Nikolaev Konstantin V. , Soltwisch Victor , Scheerder Jeroen E. , Fleischmann Claudia , Siefke Thomas , Andrle Anna , Gwalt Grzegorz , Siewert Frank , Davis Jeffrey , Huth Martin , Veloso Anabela , Loo Roger , Skroblin Dieter , Steinert Michael , Undisz Andreas , Rettenmayr Markus , Beckhoff Burkhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe spatial and compositional complexity of 3D structures employed in today's nanotechnologies has developed to a level at which the requirements for process development and control can no longer fully be met by existing metrology techniques. For instance, buried parts in stratified nanostructures, which are often crucial for device functionality, can only be probed in a destructive manner in few locations as many existing nondestructive techniques only probe the objects surfaces. Here, it is demonstrated that grazing exit X‐ray fluorescence can simultaneously characterize an ensemble of regularly ordered nanostructures simultaneously with respect to their dimensional properties and their elemental composition. This technique is nondestructive and compatible to typically sized test fields, allowing the same array of structures to be studied by other techniques. For crucial parameters, the technique provides sub‐nm discrimination capabilities and it does not require access‐limited large‐scale research facilities as it is compatible to laboratory‐scale instrumentation.
Towards a security‐driven automotive development lifecycle
Authors: Dobaj Jürgen , Macher Georg , Ekert Damjan , Riel Andreas , Messnarz Richard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCybersecurity has become one of the most crucial challenges in the automotive development lifecycle. The upcoming ISO/SAE 21434 standard provides only a generic framework that is insufficient to derive concrete design methods. This article proposes an actionable cybersecurity development lifecycle model that provides concrete action and work product guidance aligned with the ISO/SAE 21434 and Automotive SPICE® extension for cybersecurity. The model has been inspired by action research in “next” industry practice pilot projects, which ensures that it is actionable. It has been augmented by insights gained from literature research in cybersecurity development for embedded systems. The proposed lifecycle model complements the ISO/SAE 21434 standard and provides the basis for the company‐specific process and practice specifications. It has been validated through the integration of cybersecurity‐related aspects in an electric power steering system. A core characteristic of the model is the central role of threat modeling, vulnerability analyses, and cybersecurity requirements derivation on both system and subsystem levels. Without concrete practice guidelines, the ISO/SAE 21434 is very difficult to understand and apply at this stage. This contribution aims to fill this gap through a model inspired by cutting‐edge embedded cybersecurity practices interpreted for the current and near‐future automotive electronic architectures.
Quenching as a Route to Defect‐Rich Ru‐Pyrochlore Electrocatalysts toward the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Yang Shaoxuan , Guan Jingyu , Niu Jin , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDefects have a significant impact on the electrocatalysts performance. Introducing defect structures in metal oxides such as pyrochlores and perovskites has proved to be an effective strategy to enhance electrocatalytic activity. However, it is hard to build numerous defect sites in such high‐temperature oxides due to the strong metal–oxygen bonds and the so‐called self‐purification effect, which becomes increasingly important as the particle size reduced to the nanoscale. Here, a facile strategy is demonstrated to fabricate defect‐rich yttrium ruthenate oxides Y2Ru2O7−δ with the pyrochlore structure (denoted Drich‐YRO) by the liquid nitrogen (<−196 °C) quenching. Owing to the almost instantaneous cooling in oxygen‐deficient condition, a large number of defects—including oxygen vacancies, grain boundaries, pores and surficial disorder—are preserved in the room temperature material and act as electrocatalytic active sites for oxygen evolution. As a result, Drich‐YRO shows excellent catalytic activity and high electrochemical stability, along with a high performance in the operation of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. The quenching strategy employed in this work provides a facile approach for constructing defect‐rich structures in high‐temperature oxides and should lead to new applications in energy conversion and storage devices for such materials.
Zur Traglastberechnung geschraubter Kopfplattenverbindungen bei Hohlprofilen mittels DLO
Authors: Timmers Ralph , Lang Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDie Berechnung geschraubter Kopfplattenverbindungen ist in der EN 1993‐1‐8 über das sog. T‐Stummel‐Modell geregelt. Abhängig von den sich einstellenden Verformungen kann es zu sog. Abstützkräften kommen, welche die Schrauben zusätzlich beanspruchen. Diese Effekte werden über das T‐Stummel‐Modell grundsätzlich abgebildet, allerdings nur für eine begrenzte Anzahl praxisrelevanter Fälle. Eine allgemeingültige Lösung dieses Problems stellt die Discontinuity‐Layout‐Optimization‐ (DLO‐) Methode dar. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine numerische Methode zur direkten Bestimmung der Traglast, basierend auf dem kinematischen Satz und unter Verwendung linearer Optimierungsalgorithmen. In vorangegangenen Arbeiten wurde die Methodik bereits an typischen nicht ausgesteiften und ausgesteiften Kopfplattenverbindungen mit I‐Profilen verifiziert. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchungen ist es nun, den Anwendungsbereich der DLO auf zugbeanspruchte Hohlprofile mit Kopfplattenanschlüssen und allseitig angeordneten Schrauben zu erweitern. Diese Anschlüsse können über die EN 1993‐1‐8 nicht vollständig abgebildet werden, da allfällige globale Fließlinienmuster durch die Norm nicht abgedeckt sind. Daher wurden die berechneten Traglasten durch Versuche verifiziert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die DLO ein geeignetes Mittel zur Berechnung solcher Verbindungen ist und dass die Anwendung, im Vergleich zur FEM, deutlich einfacher und zudem normenkonform ist.
Understanding the Influences of Rice Starch Fine Structure and Protein Content on Cooked Rice Texture
Authors: Li Changfeng , Ji Yi , Li Enpeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmylose content, fine structure, and protein content affect the hardness and stickiness of cooked rice. However, the mechanisms of those effects have not been fully understood especially the fine structure of amylose. Here, 22 rice varieties with large ranges of both starch chain‐length distributions and protein content are examined, and the starch structural results are parameterized using biosynthesis‐based models. The ratios of the activities of branching enzyme and starch synthase for amylose showed positive and negative correlations with rice hardness (coefficient 0.556 and 0.838) and stickiness (coefficient −0.498 and −0.639), respectively. Protein content is strongly positively correlated with hardness, with nitrogen application up to the panicle development stage (coefficient 0.640). New findings could be obtained from these correlations, which reveal that in the whole region of amylose, the shorter the amylose is, the harder and less sticky the cooked rice is, which has not been reported previously. In addition, protein is found to influence rice hardness significantly, while rice stickiness is less affected by it. Therefore, a comprehensive mechanism of protein effects on rice texture is proposed. This work provides information for breeders to develop improved rice varieties.
Mesenchymal stromal cells reprogram monocytes and macrophages with processing bodies
Authors: Min Hyunjung , Xu Li , Parrott Roberta , Overall Christopher C. , Lillich Melina , Rabjohns Emily M. , Rampersad Rishi R. , Tarrant Teresa K. , Meadows Norin , Fernandez-Castaneda Anthony , Gaultier Alban , Kurtzberg Joanne , Filiano Anthony J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in clinical trials because of their ability to modulate inflammation. The success of MSCs has been variable over 25 years, most likely due to an incomplete understanding of their mechanism. After MSCs are injected, they traffic to the lungs and other tissues where they are rapidly cleared. Despite being cleared, MSCs suppress the inflammatory response in the long term. Using human cord tissue-derived MSCs (hCT-MSCs), we demonstrated that hCT-MSCs directly interact and reprogram monocytes and macrophages. After engaging hCT-MSCs, monocytes and macrophages engulfed cytoplasmic components of live hCT-MSCs, then downregulated gene programs for antigen presentation and costimulation, and functionally suppressed the activation of helper T cells. We determined that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins on monocytes and macrophages mediated the engulfment of hCT-MSCs. Since a large amount of cellular information can be packaged in cytoplasmic RNA processing bodies (p-bodies), we generated p-body deficient hCT-MSCs and confirmed that they failed to reprogram monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in vivo. hCT-MSCs suppressed an inflammatory response caused by a nasal lipopolysaccharide challenge. Although both control and p-body deficient hCT-MSCs were engulfed by infiltrating lung monocytes and macrophages, p-body deficient hCT-MSCs failed to suppress inflammation and downregulate MHC-II. Overall, we identified a novel mechanism by which hCT-MSCs indirectly suppressed a T-cell response by directly interacting and reprogramming monocytes and macrophages via p-bodies. The results of this study suggest a novel mechanism for how MSCs can reprogram the inflammatory response and have long-term effects to suppress inflammation.
SALL1 regulates commitment of odontoblast lineages by interacting with RUNX2 to remodel open chromatin regions
Authors: Lin Yuxiu , Xiao Yao , Lin ChuJiao , Zhang Qian , Zhang Shu , Pei Fei , Liu Huan , Chen Zhi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs) derive from cranial neural crest cells and maintain mesenchymal stem cell characteristics. The differentiation of neural crest cells into odontoblasts is orchestrated by transcription factors regulating the expression of genes whose enhancers are initially inaccessible. However, the identity of the transcription factors driving the emergence of odontoblast lineages remains elusive. In this study, we identified SALL1, a transcription factor that was particularly expressed in preodontoblasts, polarizing odontoblasts, and secretory odontoblasts in vivo. Knockdown of Sall1 in mDPCs inhibited their odontoblastic differentiation. In order to identify the regulatory network of Sall1, RNA sequencing and an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing were performed to analyze the genome-wide direct regulatory targets of SALL1. We found that inhibition of Sall1 expression could decrease the accessibility of some chromatin regions associated with odontoblast lineages at embryonic day 16.5, whereas these regions remained unaffected at postnatal day 0.5, suggesting that SALL1 regulates the fate of mDPCs by remodeling open chromatin regions at the early bell stage. Specifically, we found that SALL1 could directly increase the accessibility of cis-regulatory elements near Tgf-β2 and within the Runx2 locus. Moreover, coimmunoprecipitation and proximal ligation assays showed that SALL1 could establish functional interactions with RUNX2. Taken together, our results demonstrated that SALL1 positively regulates the commitment of odontoblast lineages by interacting with RUNX2 and directly activating Tgf-β2 at an early stage.
Sirolimus augments hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell regeneration following hematopoietic insults
Authors: Lin Zenghua , Hollinger Maile K. , Wu Zhijie , Sun Wanling , Batey Kaylind , Kim Jisoo , Chen Jichun , Feng Xingmin , Young Neal S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The role of mammalian target of rapamycin and its suppressor sirolimus in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is controversial. We show here that sirolimus enhanced regeneration of HSPCs in mice exposed to sublethal total body irradiation (TBI) and other regenerative stressors. Sorted Lin−CD150+ bone marrow cells from sirolimus-treated TBI mice had increased expression of c-Kit and other hematopoietic genes. HSPCs from sirolimus-treated TBI mice were functionally competent when tested by competitive engraftment in vivo. Postradiation regeneration of HSPCs in mice treated with sirolimus was accompanied by decreased γ-H2AX levels detected by flow cytometry and increased expression of DNA repair genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Reduction of cell death and DNA damage post-radiation by sirolimus was associated with enhanced clearance of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HSPCs. Increased HSPC recovery with sirolimus was also observed in mice injected with hematoxic agents, busulfan and 5-fluorouracil. In contrast, sirolimus showed no effect on HSPCs in normal mice at steady state, but stimulated HSPC expansion in mice carrying the Wv mutation at the c-Kit locus. In human to mouse xenotransplantation, sirolimus enhanced engraftment of irradiated human CD34+ cells. In summary, our results are consistent with sirolimus' acceleration of HSPC recovery in response to hematopoietic stress, associated with reduced DNA damage and ROS. Sirolimus might have clinical application for the treatment and prevention of hematopoietic injury.
Suppressing Hippo signaling in the stem cell niche promotes skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Liu Qi , Pan Su , Liu Shijie , Zhang Sui , Willerson James T. , Martin James F. , Dixon Richard A. F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lack of blood flow to the lower extremities in peripheral arterial disease causes oxygen and nutrient deprivation in ischemic skeletal muscles, leading to functional impairment. Treatment options for muscle regeneration in this scenario are lacking. Here, we selectively targeted the Hippo pathway in myofibers, which provide architectural support for muscle stem cell niches, to facilitate functional muscle recovery in ischemic extremities by promoting angiogenesis, neovascularization, and myogenesis. We knocked down the core Hippo pathway component, Salvador (SAV1), by using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector expressing a miR30-based triple short-hairpin RNA (shRNA), controlled by a muscle-specific promoter. In a mouse hindlimb-ischemia model, AAV9 SAV1 shRNA administration in ischemic muscles induced nuclear localization of the Hippo effector YAP, accelerated perfusion restoration, and increased exercise endurance. Intravascular lectin labeling of the vasculature revealed enhanced angiogenesis. Using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine to label replicating cellular DNA in vivo, we found SAV1 knockdown concurrently increased paired box transcription factor Pax7+ muscle satellite cell and CD31+ endothelial cell proliferation in ischemic muscles. To further study Hippo suppression in skeletal muscle regeneration, we used a cardiotoxin-induced muscle damage model in adult (12-15 weeks old) and aged mice (26-month old). Two weeks after delivery of AAV9 SAV1 shRNA into injured muscles, the distribution of regenerative myofibers shifted toward a larger cross-sectional area and increased capillary density compared with mice receiving AAV9 control. Together, these findings suggest our approach may have clinical promise in regenerative therapy for leg ischemia and muscle injury.
Development of analytical model for predicting compressive behavior of engineered cementitious composites‐concrete encased steel composite columns
Authors: Khan Muhammad Khubaib Ilyas , Lee Chi King , Zhang Yixia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnalytical models which can reliably predict the load–deformation behaviors and the ultimate strength of columns are indispensable tools for the practical design. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to predict the compressive load–deformation behavior and the ultimate capacity of engineered cementitious composite confined concrete encased steel (ECC‐CES) composite columns. The proposed analytical model employs the effective material stress and strain compatibility approaches for the predictions of compressive load–deformation response of ECC‐CES columns. The material constitutive models for ECC, concrete, and steel are first established, and then used in the analytical model. The effect of ECC and steel confinement on the concrete core and the softening behavior of steel column due to compression buckling are also considered. Based on the experimental results, appropriate strength reduction factors are proposed so that the effective material stresses can be calculated. The strength predictions from the proposed analytical methods and different design codes are compared with the experimental and numerical results. It was found that the proposed analytical models using effective material stresses gave better predictions than many commonly used design codes.
Experimental investigation on the use of glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement in hollow‐core circular concrete columns
Authors: Ahmad Habil , Sheikh M. Neaz , Hadi Muhammad N. S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar‐reinforced hollow‐core (GFRP‐HC) circular concrete specimens under concentric, 25 mm and 50 mm eccentric axial loading and four‐point bending. The main parameters investigated include the type of reinforcing bars, pitch of the helices and loading conditions. The test matrix of this study consists of 12 specimens, among which nine specimens (850 mm high) were tested under concentric and eccentric axial loading and the remaining three specimens (1500 mm long) were tested under four‐point bending. The specimens were circular in cross‐section with an outer diameter of 214 mm and an inner circular hole diameter of 56 mm. The experimental results showed that, for the similar amount of reinforcement, steel bar‐reinforced hollow‐core (steel‐HC) specimens sustained higher loads than the GFRP‐HC specimens under different loading conditions. Also, the steel‐HC specimens achieved higher ductility than the GFRP‐HC specimens under 50 mm eccentric axial loading and four‐point bending. However, under concentric and 25 mm eccentric axial loading, the GFRP‐HC specimens achieved higher ductility than the steel‐HC specimens. The close pitch of the GFRP helices significantly enhanced the load carrying capacity and ductility of the GFRP‐HC specimens.
Removing attached mortar from recycled aggregate by the combined freeze–thaw cycles and high‐temperature drying
Authors: Wu Qingpei , Gong Fuyuan , Zhi Dian , Zhao Yuxi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fundamental reason for the poor performance of recycled aggregate (RA) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is the attached mortar, which severely restricts the application of RA and RAC. This research proposes an innovative method for the modification of RA: using the freeze–thaw cycle (FTC) to remove the attached mortar. In addition, to improve the spalling efficiency, high temperature drying is introduced before and during FTCs. The results show that as the lowest temperature of FTC decreases, the spalling rate increases. Besides, the attached mortar that suffered from high temperature drying is more likely to be peeled off during the following FTCs, and more times of high temperature drying treatments can provide higher efficiency. At the same time, vibrating process can introduce mechanical damage, which is also beneficial for the removal of mortar. Finally, after proper combination of FTC, high temperature drying and vibrating, all attached mortar can be peeled off quickly, and the physical/mechanical properties of modified RA can be very close to the natural aggregates.
A Data‐Driven Fault Location Method in Distribution Network Based on PMU Data
Authors: Fang Jian , Wang Hongbin , Yang Fan , Wang Yong , Yin Kuang , He Jiaxing , Lin Xiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs an important part in the power systems, the status of the distribution network affects the safety, reliability, and economy of the whole power supply. When a fault occurs in the distribution network, it is of great significance to accurately and quickly locate the fault. At present, a cost‐effective synchronous phase measurement unit (PMU) device has been developed for the monitoring of the distribution network, which has opened up a new path for fault location in the distribution network. In this paper, the fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to judge the fault section, and the multiple fault information is extracted for fusion, so that the fault characteristic index can highlight the fault information. Then a new method based on multi‐terminal PMU data to realize the fault location of the distribution network is proposed. This method realizes fault location through the relationship between multiple fault indexes, and the simulation verification of PSCAD/EMTDC shows the accuracy and effectiveness of the method. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.