bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Polyester Microplastic Fiber Contamination on Amphibian–Trematode Interactions
Authors: Buss Nicholas , Sander Brianna , Hua Jessica 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Microplastic contamination poses a global threat to aquatic organisms, yet we know little as to how microplastics may indirectly affect organismal health via their influence on species–species interactions (e.g., host–parasite interactions). This is problematic because microplastic-mediated alterations to host–parasite dynamics could negatively impact individual- population-level health of hosts. Using a larval amphibian (host) and free-living trematode (parasite) model, we asked whether 1) polyester microplastic fibers influence parasite survival; 2) whether polyester microplastic fiber ingestion by amphibians alters amphibian susceptibility to infection; and 3) whether simultaneous exposure of amphibians and trematodes to polyester microplastic fibers influences infection outcomes. Polyester microplastic fibers did not alter trematode survival, nor did their ingestion by amphibians increase amphibian susceptibility to infection. However, when amphibians and trematodes were exposed simultaneously to the fibers, the infection success of the parasite was reduced. Lastly, we conducted a field survey for microfiber contamination across multiple ponds and found microfibers across each of the sampled ponds. Overall, our results contribute to the limited knowledge surrounding the ecological consequences of microplastic contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:869–879. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Shown are: 1) the effect of microfiber contamination on free-living trematode parasite survival; 2) the impact of microfiber ingestion on tadpole susceptibility to parasitic infection by trematode parasites; and 3) the impact of simultaneous microfiber exposure on the host–parasite interactions of amphibians and trematodes. MP = microplastic.
Areca catechu: A phytopharmacological legwork
Authors: Ansari Abdullah , Mahmood Tarique , Bagga Paramdeep , Ahsan Farogh , Shamim Arshiya , Ahmad Shoaib , Shariq Mohammad , Parveen Saba 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArecacatechu, commonly known as supari, consists of dried ripe nuts that came under Arecaceae family, which is cultivated in the tropical region of India and Southeast Asia. It is a prevalent traditional herbal medicine that is chewed to separate collected fluid in the alimentary canal and for killing worms.Areca catechuseed contains alkaloids (arecoline, arecaine, arecaidine, guvacoline, guvacine, and choline), tannin, gallic acid, gum, and various minerals such as copper, calcium, phosphorus, and iron. The chemical constituents of this plant have been used as antidiabetic, stomatitis, bleeding gums, gingivitis, conjunctivitis, glaucoma, leucorrhoea, urinary disorders, anorexia, diarrhea, blood pressure regulating activity, antiulcerogenic, antioxidant activity, anticonvulsant activity, central nervous system stimulant activity, antifertility, oxytocic activity, antiviral activity, anthelmintic, and foul breath. It showed a dose‐dependent toxicity profile, and various research has been done regarding its safety analysis and it would be considered safe when administered in the prescribed dose. The purpose of the present paper is to make available an up‐to‐date review on the ethnic, traditional description, morphology, phytochemistry, and the pharmacological and toxicological profile of this plant. Furthermore, the possible advances, trends, and a perspective for forthcoming research of this plant have also conversed.
Production of Low‐fat mayonnaise without preservatives: Using the ultrasonic process and investigating of microbial and physicochemical properties of the resultant product
Authors: Tavakoli Rojin , Karami Mostafa , Bahramian Samira , Emamifar Ario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, ultrasonication was used at 20 kHz, 750 W for 5 min, as a nonthermal alternative to pasteurization and as a substitute for benzoate‐sorbate preservatives. Also, its efficiency on microbial and physicochemical properties of low‐fat mayonnaise stored at 4°C was investigated. The results showed the reduction of total counts of micro‐organisms, acid‐tolerant bacteria, molds, and yeasts during six months shelf life compared with the control samples. Sonicated mayonnaise samples had lower pH values and higher acidity in comparison with control samples during the storage. The speculation was verified through the microstructure of mayonnaise samples during storage time observed by SEM micrographs. The overall results indicated that it was possible to produce sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate‐free mayonnaise using the ultrasonic nonthermal method.
Stereotactic or conformal radiotherapy for adrenal metastases: Patient characteristics and outcomes in a multicenter analysis
Authors: Buergy Daniel , Würschmidt Florian , Gkika Eleni , Hörner‐Rieber Juliane , Knippen Stefan , Gerum Sabine , Balermpas Panagiotis , Henkenberens Christoph , Voglhuber Theresa , Kornhuber Christine , Barczyk Steffen , Röper Barbara , Rashid Ali , Blanck Oliver , Wittig Andrea , Herold Hans‐Ulrich , Brunner Thomas B. , Klement Rainer J. , Kahl Klaus Henning , Ciernik Ilja F. , Ottinger Annette , Izaguirre Victor , Putz Florian , König Laila , Hoffmann Michael , Combs Stephanie E. , Guckenberger Matthias , Boda‐Heggemann Judit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo report outcome (freedom from local progression [FFLP], overall survival [OS] and toxicity) after stereotactic, palliative or highly conformal fractionated (>12) radiotherapy (SBRT, Pall‐RT, 3DCRT/IMRT) for adrenal metastases in a retrospective multicenter cohort within the framework of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO). Adrenal metastases treated with SBRT (≤12 fractions, biologically effective dose [BED10] ≥ 50 Gy), 3DCRT/IMRT (>12 fractions, BED10 ≥ 50 Gy) or Pall‐RT (BED10 < 50 Gy) were eligible for this analysis. In addition to unadjusted FFLP (Kaplan‐Meier/log‐rank), we calculated the competing‐risk‐adjusted local recurrence rate (CRA‐LRR). Three hundred twenty‐six patients with 366 metastases were included by 21 centers (median follow‐up: 11.7 months). Treatment was SBRT, 3DCRT/IMRT and Pall‐RT in 260, 27 and 79 cases, respectively. Most frequent primary tumors were non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 52.5%), SCLC (16.3%) and melanoma (6.7%). Unadjusted FFLP was higher after SBRT vs Pall‐RT (P = .026) while numerical differences in CRA‐LRR between groups did not reach statistical significance (1‐year CRA‐LRR: 13.8%, 17.4% and 27.7%). OS was longer after SBRT vs other groups (P < .05) and increased in patients with locally controlled metastases in a landmark analysis (P < .0001). Toxicity was mostly mild; notably, four cases of adrenal insufficiency occurred, two of which were likely caused by immunotherapy or tumor progression. Radiotherapy for adrenal metastases was associated with a mild toxicity profile in all groups and a favorable 1‐year CRA‐LRR after SBRT or 3DCRT/IMRT. One‐year FFLP was associated with longer OS. Dose‐response analyses for the dataset are underway.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Atypical Imaging Features: Review of the Morphologic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Subtypes With Radiology‐Pathology Correlation
Authors: Bello Hernan R. , Mahdi Zaid K. , Lui Shu K. , Nandwana Sadhna B. , Harri Peter A. , Davarpanah Amir H. 
Published: March 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest growing cause of cancer death in the United States with the incidence rate more than doubling in 20 years. HCC is unique since a noninvasive diagnosis can be achieved with imaging alone when specific clinical criteria and imaging characteristics are met, obviating the need for tissue sampling. However, HCC is a highly heterogeneous neoplasm. Atypical HCC subtypes vary significantly in their morphology, which can be attributed to specific histologic and molecular features, and can cause deviations from the classic imaging characteristics. The different morphologic subtypes of HCC frequently present a diagnostic challenge for radiologists and pathologists since their imaging and pathologic features can overlap with those of non‐HCC malignancies. Identifying an atypical subtype can have important clinical implications. Liver transplant, albeit a scarce and limited resource, is the optimal treatment for conventional HCC, potentially curing both the tumor and the underlying pre‐malignant condition. Some HCC subtypes as well as mimickers are associated with unacceptably high recurrence and poor outcome after transplant, and there remains limited data on the role and prognosis of liver transplantation for treatment of rare HCC subtypes. Other subtypes tend to recur later than classic HCC, potentially requiring a different follow‐up scheme. This review will discuss the appearance of different HCC subtypes in relation to their histopathologic features.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 3
The emergence of imaging mass spectrometry in drug discovery and development: Making a difference by driving decision making
Authors: Castellino Stephen , Lareau Nichole M. , Groseclose Mark Reid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry is a dynamic, science‐driven business constantly under pressure to innovate and morph into a higher performing organization. Innovations can include the implementation of new technologies, adopting new scientific methods, changing the decision‐making process, compressing timelines, or making changes to the organizational structure. The drivers for the constant focus on performance improvement are the high cost of R&D as well as the lengthy timelines required to deliver new medicines for unmet needs. Successful innovations are measured against both the quality and quantity of potential new medicines in the pipeline and the delivery to patients. In this special feature article, we share our collective experience implementing matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) technology as an innovative approach to better understand the tissue biodistribution of drugs in the early phases of drug discovery to establish pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) relationships, as well as in the development phase to understand pharmacology, toxicology, and disease pathogenesis. In our experience, successful implementation of MALDI IMS in support of therapeutic programs can be measured by the impact IMS studies have on driving decision making in pipeline progression. This provides a direct quantifiable measurement of the return to the organization for the investment in IMS. We have included discussion not only on the technical merits of IMS study conduct but also the key elements of setting study objectives, building collaborations, data integration into the medicine progression milestones, and potential pitfalls when trying to establish IMS in the pharmaceutical arena. We categorized IMS study types into five groups that parallel pipeline progression from the earliest phases of discovery to late stages of preclinical development. We conclude the article with some perspectives on how we see MALDI IMS maintaining relevance and becoming further embedded as an essential tool in the constantly changing environment of the pharmaceutical industry.
Study of the thermal stability of γ‐oryzanol present in rice bran oil over time
Authors: Hoffmann Bruscatto Mariangela , Murowaniecki Otero Deborah , Ribeiro Pestana‐Bauer Vanessa , Lorini Alexandre , Rosane Barboza Mendonça Carla , Carlos Zambiazi Rui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice bran oil is unique among edible oils owing to its rich source of commercially and nutritionally important phytochemicals, such as oryzanol. γ‐Oryzanol performs an important role in the stability of rice bran oil. The crude rice bran oil obtained by solvent extraction is subjected to either chemical or physical refining to meet the specifications of edible‐grade vegetable oil. These refining processes can cause the compounds present in rice bran oil to degrade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of γ‐oryzanol present in chemically and physically refined rice bran oils, when submitted to temperatures of 100, 140, and 180 °C for a period of 1368 h.RESULTSThe chemically refined rice bran oil presented a lower γ‐oryzanol content than the physically refined rice bran oil at all heating temperatures. The losses of γ‐oryzanol at 100 °C, 140 °C, and 180 °C at the end of the heating periods for the chemically refined oil were 53.47%, 58.48%, and 97.05% respectively, and for the physically refined oil the losses were 38.11%, 53.58%, and 91.11% respectively.CONCLUSIONBased on the results of the time to reduce the oryzanol concentration by 50% and 100%, it is observed that the oil of rice meal refined physically presents greater stability, in the different temperatures studied and over time, than the oil of rice meal refined chemically. Thus, for situations where the oil needs to be subjected to prolonged heating, a temperature of 100 °C is indicated. In this condition, the physically refined oil is better for maintaining a higher concentration of γ‐oryzanol. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
External compensation for high‐resolution active matrix organic light‐emitting diode displays
Authors: Verschueren Lynn , Ameys Marc , Velazquez Lopez Mauricio , De Roose Florian , Bonnifait Mikaël , Smout Steve , Ke Tung Huei , Vandenplas Erwin , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Steudel Soeren , Genoe Jan , Dehaene Wim , Myny Kris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo different external compensation methods for high‐resolution active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) displays are presented and compared. Both compensation methods are implemented using a small pixel circuit, namely, a 3T2C and a 2T1C pixel circuit, allowing high‐resolution displays. Due to the simple driving schemes, these methods allow fast driving, even for large displays. The characterization results show a significant improvement in current variation by implementing either of these methods. The VT compensation method using a 3T2C pixel circuit is able to reduce the current variation down to 0.56%, whereas the VT‐ and β‐factor compensation method using a 2T1C pixel circuit demonstrates a further reduction in current variations down to 0.079%. This method also clearly shows significant improvement in optical variation between neighboring pixels.
Distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP‐CAR) and arterial reconstruction: Techniques and outcomes
Authors: Addeo Pietro , Guerra Martina , Bachellier Philippe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIschemic complications are still prevalent after distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP‐CAR) despite the use of preoperative arterial embolization. We described our institutional experience with arterial reconstruction during DP‐CAR.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed short‐ and long‐term outcomes of all DP‐CAR performed for pancreatic adenocarcinoma between January 1, 1995 and March 30, 2020. Outcomes were compared according to the presence of arterial reconstruction.ResultsSixty consecutive DP‐CARs were reviewed. Most patients underwent induction chemotherapy (85%) based on FOLFIRINOX protocol (80.3%). The hepatic artery was reconstructed in 50 patients (83.3%). The left gastric artery was reconstructed in 4 and preserved in 14 patients. A venous resection was associated during 44 DP‐CARs (36 segmental venous resections/8 lateral venous resections). Ninety days mortality was 5.0% with 48.3% (n = 29) overall rate of morbidity. Postoperative outcomes in term of mortality, morbidity, and ischemic events between patients with and without arterial reconstruction were similar despite a higher rate of venous resection (81% vs. 40%; p = 0.005) and more complex cases (Mayo clinic DP‐CARs class 1B, 2A, and 3A) in the reconstructed group.ConclusionArterial reconstruction represents a safe surgical option during DP‐CAR to lessen postoperative ischemic events. This technique, reserved to high volume centers expert in vascular resection during pancreatectomy, deserves further comparison with standard technique in a larger setting.
Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the tongue in chronic graft versus host disease: An unusual report
Authors: Sugiyama Goro , Yamada Tomohiro , Sugi Tomotaka , Kamata YU , Ishibashi Kana , Mori Yoshihide 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) occurs rarely in the oral mucosa, especially in the tongue. Conversely, chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is a risk factor for secondary malignant tumors, especially oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This suggests that tumor formation caused by regulation of cGVHD is important for an effective understanding of SC. Herein, we report an unusual case of SC of the tongue in a patient with cGVHD. Short tandem repeat analysis using genomic DNA extracted from the tumor and lymphocytes of the patient was performed, and the loci of the donor and recipient were detected from the tumor locus. These data suggest that the SC was an undifferentiated carcinoma originating from donor cells that underwent epithelial mesenchymal transition. The clinical, pathological, and genomic features suggest an SC characterized by an undifferentiated aggressive OSCC occurring after cGVHD.
Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate using tetrabutyl ammonium thioimidate
Authors: Ge Fang , Zhang Qun , Wang Xiaowu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe tetrabutylammonium salts of ionic organo‐initiator containing N,N'‐diisopropylthiourea (TUA‐1) or N,N'‐diethylthiourea (TUA‐2) serve as inexpensive initiators for the anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) at room temperature. The molecular weights of obtained polymers are in the range of 1500–22,700 g mol−1 and the molecular weight distributions are fairly broad (Đ = 1.9–2.5) in optimized cases. The molar ratio of monomer to initiator can be achieved up to 800. Side‐reactions, for example, backbiting, transfer reactions result in the polymerization being a non‐living manner, thus leading to broad molecular weight distributions of the resulting polymers. The effects of counterion nature were also studied from the polymerization of MMA using TUA‐1 anion with sodium or potassium salts as counterions under identical conditions. Detailed investigation indicates that the polymerization proceeds via a sulfur anion initiated repeated 1,4‐Machael addition. In general, thioimidate initiators induced MMA polymerization feature certain induction periods, which is ascribed to slow addition thioimidate to CC double bond of MMA as a result of low initiator efficiency.
Between stuckness and stillness: Why do young adults not undertake temporary mobility?
Authors: Haldimann Lucas , Heers Marieke , Rérat Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractYouth temporary mobility occurs for purposes such as volunteering, Erasmus exchanges and linguistic stays. Although it is increasingly common, a large proportion of young adults are not mobile. This study is based on a large‐scale survey among young adults in Switzerland. It draws on the concept of motility to analyse the barriers to temporary mobility, where motility may be defined as a set of mobility resources that refer to three dimensions: access (e.g., financial means or time), skills (e.g., languages and self‐confidence) and appropriation (e.g., level of interest). A typology places nonmobile young adults on a continuum between ‘stillness’ (no desire to move) and ‘stuckness’ (unable to move) and identifies four groups: ‘the constrained’ and ‘the financially challenged’ are often constrained to a varying extent by their socio‐economic background, their educational pathways and their family network. ‘The locally anchored’ and especially ‘the satisfied stayers’ face fewer constraints and draw more on their own agency to be nonmobile.
CO2 Footprint of Thermal Versus Photothermal CO2 Catalysis
Authors: Wang Shenghua , Tountas Athanasios A. , Pan Wangbo , Zhao Jianjiang , He Le , Sun Wei , Yang Deren , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransformation of CO2 into value‐added products via photothermal catalysis has become an increasingly popular route to help ameliorate the energy and environmental crisis derived from the continuing use of fossil fuels, as it can integrate light into well‐established thermocatalysis processes. The question however remains whether negative CO2 emission could be achieved through photothermal catalytic reactions performed in facilities driven by electricity mainly derived from fossil energy. Herein, we propose universal equations that describe net CO2 emissions generated from operating thermocatalysis and photothermal reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) and Sabatier processes for batch and flow reactors. With these reactions as archetype model systems, the factors that will determine the final amount of effluent CO2 can be determined. The results of this study could provide useful guidelines for the future development of photothermal catalytic systems for CO2 reduction.
Magnetic resonance findings of meningoencephalitis in a dog seroreactive to Ehrlichia canis in United Kingdom
Authors: Di Dona Francesco , Gomes Sergio A. , Andriuc Roxana A. , Garosi Laurent S. , Tauro Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe a novel clinical presentation and imaging findings in a dog seropositive to Ehrlichia canis. A dog presented with an acute non‐ambulatory tetraparesis and severe obtundation. MRI findings showed multifocal intra‐axial changes centered in the grey matter. The lesions caused mild mass effect and leptomeningeal contrast enhancement. The dog responded to treatment with the progressive reduction of antibody titers detected on the indirect fluorescent antibody test and complete resolution of the clinical signs. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis should be considered a differential in dogs with thrombocytopenia and meningoencephalitis.
Reliability evaluation of permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based wind turbines considering wind speed variations
Authors: Ghaedi Amir , Gorginpour Hamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, renewable resources, especially large‐scale wind farms, are increasingly used to generate clean electricity in modern power systems. The penetration level of these power plants is significant, and due to the variation in the wind speed resulting in the variation in the generated power, different aspects of power systems, especially reliability, may be affected that must be studied. Reliability evaluation of power system considering large‐scale wind farms is dependent on two factors: the failure rates of composed components including turbine, generator, electrical converters, transformer, and cable and the variation in the generated power arising from variation in the wind speed. In this paper, dependency of different component failure rates on the wind speed variation is considered, and using the Monte Carlo simulation, reliability evaluation of power systems containing large‐scale wind farms is performed. A wind farm equipped with the permanent magnet synchronous generator is considered, and the failure rate of composed components considering wind speed variation is determined. Based on the wind speed‐dependent failure rate associated with the components of energy conversion system, the important reliability indices of Roy Billinton test system including loss of load expectation and expected energy not supplied are calculated.