bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case series: New‐onset freezing of gait in combined use of deep brain stimulation and Levodopa
Authors: Salari Mehri , Aminzade Zahra , Jalili khoshnood Reza , Tehrani Fateh Sepand 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConcurrent use of DBS and levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients can lead to freezing of gait. This phenomenon may be due to an inverted‐U‐Shaped function of dopamine.
A case of catastrophic epistaxis from the internal carotid artery due to multiple surgeries and irradiations for pituitary tumor: Rescued utilizing high‐flow bypass and simultaneous skull base reconstruction
Authors: Takabayashi Kosuke , Takebayashi Seiji , Sakurai Juro , Gotoh Shuho , Takizawa Katsumi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRevascularization for internal carotid artery rupture should be considered immediately under the situation where endovascular treatment is not indicated. Revascularization can prevent the risk of hemorrhage during skull base reconstruction.
A case report of mediastinal cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Ouladdameshghi Davoud , Eshraghi Mohsen , Shahhamzeh Alireza , Riyah Mohammad Mehdi , Fatemi Maedeh Alsadat , Fazilat‐Panah Danial , Dehghani Mansoureh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen faced with a hypervascular mediastinal tumor, mediastinal hemangioma should be taken into consideration. Although it is uncommon, considering this important diagnosis may avoid a possible extensive surgery that is not necessary.
Failed endocarditis prophylaxis before a dental procedure in a high‐risk single‐lung patient with a bioprosthetic heart valve: A rare case report
Authors: Pinter‐Högerle Anabel , von Oehsen Hartwig H. C. , Högerle Benjamin A. , Breit Rainer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRegarding endocarditis prophylaxis, there is an increasing burden of enterococci related to antibiotic resistances. The testing of the bacterial milieu of the oral cavity before dental procedures may be promising to adjust the antibiotics.
Zn‐Vacancy Engineered S‐Scheme ZnCdS/ZnS Photocatalyst for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Hao Xuqiang , Xiang Dingzhou , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVacancy defects engineering is a valid strategy to enhance the separation efficiency of photo‐generated charges. Herein, a zinc vacancy mediated S‐scheme ZnCdS/ZnS composite derived from ZnCdS/MOF‐5 was constructed in‐situ through the sacrificial reagent of Na2S/Na2SO3 aqueous solution in visible‐light irradiation. The MOF‐5 converted to ZnS (ZnS−VZn) with abundant zinc vacancies which were proved by the XPS and PL results. ZnS−VZn has two‐photon absorption performance, which immensely enhanced the visible light absorption capacity for the photocatalysts. The photo‐generated electrons of ZnS−VZn on the Zn‐vacancy defect would regroup with the holes in the valence band (VB) of ZnCdS via ohmic contact which is induced by Zn‐vacancy defects. Therefore, the photoexciton of ZnCdS can be able to separate effectively and eliminate the useless electrons and holes. The ZnCdS/ZnS(20) sample revealed an outstanding photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate of 12.31 mmol h−1g−1 with a turnover number (TON) of 64.61, which is about 82.06 and 21.98 times greater than that of neat ZnS−VZn and ZnCdS. This work gives an insight into the design of the zinc vacancy‐engineered S‐scheme photocatalyst of ZnCdS/ZnS for highly efficient photocatalysis.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Daughter Distribution in Liquid‐Liquid Stirred Tanks
Authors: Maluta Francesco , Buffo Antonio , Marchisio Daniele , Montante Giuseppina , Paglianti Alessandro , Vanni Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe drop size distributions (DSDs) of a dilute immiscible liquid‐liquid mixture were measured in a fully turbulent stirred tank operating at different impeller speeds. The results were used to infer the best daughter distribution function (DDF) leading to the best reproduction of the shape of the DSD. Bell‐shaped, U‐shaped, M‐shaped, and uniform statistical DDFs were studied, producing from two to four daughters from each breakup event. A simplified approach from the literature was adopted to solve the population balance equation that considers the spectrum of the turbulence inside the tank obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations. The U‐shaped distribution producing four fragments better reproduces the shape of the experimental DSD in the studied system.
Species selection tool: Soil‐specific forage species selection for New York State
Authors: Post Christopher , Cherney Jerome , Reid Shaw 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSelection of forage species that are best suited to a particular soil type and forage use provide the most efficient land use. This program was developed to provide recommendations for perennial forage species in New York State, based on soil type and intended forage use through a web interface (http://www.forages.org). Forage species uses include both pasture and stored feed for different livestock classes as well as soil conservation uses. A database was developed that contains potential yields for more than 30 species and more than 40 species mixtures on each of 612 agricultural soil types in New York State. The database has potential forage yields based on native soil drainage as well as yields for optimal artificial drainage. Potential yields are modified by the program based on soil pH and the optimal pH range for each forage species. Species are recommended based on potential yield, intended forage use, and soil type. The program also provides pasture yield distributions, a summary of species traits, and potential corn grain and silage yields for a selected soil type. Computer‐based species recommendations agree with current published recommendations. The program has been used successfully by the National Resources Conservation Service and New York extension personnel for more than 20 years. Although the soil type/species yield relationships will not apply directly to other regions of the world, the method utilized to develop the database could be used to create similar species selection programs for other regions.
Ternary Hybrid Perovskite Solid Solution Single Crystals: Growth, Composition Determination and Phase Stability in Highly Moist Atmosphere
Authors: Tao Kezheng , Gao Lei , Yan Qingfeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTernary hybrid perovskite solid solutions have shown superior optoelectronic properties and better stability than their ABX3 simple perovskite counterparts under ambient conditions. However, crystal growth and identification of the accurate composition of these complex crystalline compounds remain challenging, and their stability under extreme conditions such as in highly moist atmosphere is unknown. Herein, large‐size (up to 2 cm) single crystals of ternary perovskite 0.80FAPbI3 ⋅ x′FAPbBr3 ⋅ y′CsPbI3 (x′+y′=0.20) are grown. An elemental analysis method based on wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence is proposed to determine their accurate compositions. Among these single crystals, the composition with y′=0.12 shows the best moisture stability at 90 % relative humidity for 15 days. Other components with richer or poorer Cs+ ions undergo different phase segregation behaviours. The performance and stability of photodetectors based on these single crystals are tested. This work offers a deeper insight into phase stability of ternary hybrid perovskite solid solution crystals in highly moist atmosphere.
Quenched Lewis Acidity: Studies on the Medium Dependent Fluorescence of Zinc(II) Complexes
Authors: Kurz Hannah , Hörner Gerald , Weser Oskar , Li Manni Giovanni , Weber Birgit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThree new zinc(II) coordination units [Zn(1–3)] based on planar‐directing tetradentate Schiff base‐like ligands H2(1–3) were synthesized. Their solid‐state structures were investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, showing the tendency to overcome the square‐planar coordination sphere by axial ligation. Affinity in solution towards axial ligation has been tested by extended spectroscopic studies, both in the absorption and emission mode. The electronic spectrum of the pyridine complex [Zn(1)(py)] has been characterized by MC‐PDFT to validate the results of extended TD‐DFT studies. Green emission of non‐emissive solutions of [Zn(1–3)] in chloroform could be switched on in the presence of potent Lewis‐bases. While interpretation in terms of an equilibrium of stacked/non‐fluorescent and destacked/fluorescent species is in line with precedents from literature, the sensitivity of [Zn(1–3)] was greatly reduced. Results of a computation‐based structure search allow to trace the hidden Lewis acidity of [Zn(1–3)] to a new stacking motif, resulting in a strongly enhanced stability of the dimers.
Giant Shape‐Persistent Tetrahedral Porphyrin System: Light‐Induced Charge Separation
Authors: Marchini Marianna , Luisa Alessandra , Bergamini Giacomo , Armaroli Nicola , Ventura Barbara , Baroncini Massimo , Demitri Nicola , Iengo Elisabetta , Ceroni Paola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTetraphenylmethane appended with four pyridylpyridinium units works as a scaffold to self‐assemble four ruthenium porphyrins in a tetrahedral shape‐persistent giant architecture. The resulting supramolecular structure has been characterised in the solid state by X‐ray single crystal analysis and in solution by various techniques. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy confirms the 1 : 4 stoichiometry with the formation of a highly symmetric structure. The self‐assembly process can be monitored by changes of the redox potentials, as well as by modifications in the visible absorption spectrum of the ruthenium porphyrin and by a complete quenching of both the bright fluorescence of the tetracationic scaffold and the weak phosphorescence of the ruthenium porphyrin. An ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer is responsible for this quenching process. The lifetime of the resulting charge separated state (800 ps) is about four times longer in the giant supramolecular structure compared to the model 1 : 1 complex formed by the ruthenium porphyrin and a single pyridylpyridinium unit. Electron delocalization over the tetrameric pyridinium structure is likely to be responsible for this effect.
Fabrication of ZnSe/C Hollow Polyhedrons for Lithium Storage
Authors: Yuan Jujun , Li Xiaofan , Li Haixia , Lai Weidong , Gan Yunfei , Yang Jianwen , Zhang Xianke , Liu Jun , Zhu Xiurong , Li Xiaokang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZnSe has got extensive attention for high‐performance LIBs anode due to its remarkable theoretical capacity and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the large volume variation for the ZnSe in the discharge/charge processes brings about rapid capacity fading and poor rate performance. Herein, ZnSe/C hollow polyhedrons are successfully synthesized by selenization of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) with resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) coating. The protection of C layer derived from RF coating layer and Ostwald ripening during the process of selenization play important roles in promoting formation of ZnSe/C hollow polyhedrons. The ZnSe/C hollow polyhedrons exhibit good rate performance and long‐term cycle stability (345 mAh g−1 up to 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1) for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) anode. The improved electrochemical performance is benefit from the unique ZnSe/C hollow structure, in which the hollow structure can effectively avoid terrible volume expansion, and the thin ZnSe/C shell can not only provide adequate diffusion paths of lithium ions and but also enhance the electronic conductivity.
Prolonging the Triplet State Lifetimes of Rhenium Complexes with Imidazole‐Pyridine Framework for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Qiu Li‐Qi , Chen Kai‐Hong , Yang Zhi‐Wen , Ren Fang‐Yu , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels offers the prospect for creating a new CO2 economy. Harnessing visible light‐driven CO2‐to‐CO reduction mediated by the long‐lived triplet excited state of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes is a challenging approach. We here develop a series of new mononuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes (Re‐1−Re‐4) based on the imidazole‐pyridine skeleton for photo‐driven CO2 reduction. These catalysts are featured by combining pyridyl‐imidazole with the aromatic ring and different pendant organic groups onto the N1 position of 1,3‐imidazole unit, which display phosphorescence under Ar‐saturated solution even at ambient conditions. By contrast, {Re[9‐(pyren‐1‐yl)‐10‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐9H‐pyreno[4,5‐d]imidazole)](CO)3Cl} (Re‐4) by introducing pyrene ring at the N1 position of pyrene‐fused imidazole unit exhibits superior catalytic performance with a higher turnover number for CO (TONCO=124) and >99.9 % selectivity, primarily ascribed to the strong visible light‐harvesting ability, long‐lived triplet lifetimes (164.2 μs) and large reductive quenching constant. Moreover, the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes derived from π‐extended pyrene chromophore exhibit a long lifetime corresponding to its ligand‐localized triplet state (3IL) evidenced from spectroscopic investigations and DFT calculations.
Rational Design and Synthesis of Interlocked [2]Catenanes Featuring Half‐Sandwich Cp*Rh/Ir Units and Pyrene‐Based Ligands†
Authors: Shen Yue‐Rong , Gao Xiang , Cui Zheng , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe construction of interlocked topologies by metal‐cation‐template methods has been extensively explored. However, construction of these species using template‐free chemical self‐assembly methods is hard to rationally achieve due to the inherent unpredictability of self‐assembly processes. In this work, a strategy to construct interlocked [2]catenanes by coordination‐driven template‐free self‐assembly is demonstrated, whereby combining rigid bidentate ligands with large conjugated‐π area units and building blocks with appropriate lengths facilitated construction of interlocked [2]catenane compounds. Two rigid bidentate ligands, L1 and L2, were chosen to self‐assemble with three dinuclear building blocks B1, B2 and B3. Ultimately, the successful construction of three [2]catenanes demonstrated the validity of the strategy. Although [2]catenanes are the simplest of all interlocked topologies, this motif is the basis for constructing more intricate topologies. This successful strategy may therefore lead to construction of other, more intricate topologies in the future.
Personalized sedation goal for agitated delirium in patients with cancer: Balancing comfort and communication
Authors: Hui David , De La Rosa Allison , Urbauer Diana L. , Nguyen Thuc , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAgitated delirium is common and highly distressing. Medications are often needed to reduce agitation, but it is unclear what the desired level of sedation is. This study assessed personalized sedation goals (PSGs) and their predictors for patients in a delirium clinical trial and in clinical vignettes.MethodsThis was a preplanned secondary analysis of a double‐blind randomized clinical trial examining the sedative effect of chlorpromazine and/or haloperidol in patients with agitated delirium. At the baseline, caregivers and nurses were independently asked to select the PSG for the trial patient from 5 choices corresponding to Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) scores of 0 or higher (no sedation), –1 to –2, –3, –4, and –5 (deep sedation). Respondents also selected a PSG for 6 vignettes that differed by the level of agitation, ability to communicate, and survival.ResultsForty‐two caregivers and 39 nurses answered questions regarding PSGs. For the trial patient, caregivers preferred RASS scores of –1 to –2 most often (36%), whereas nurses preferred an RASS score of –3 most often (51 %). Caregivers were significantly more likely than nurses to choose lighter sedation (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; P = .01) despite reporting greater delirium‐related distress (P = .0006). Patients were undersedated 33% to 53% of the time and oversedated 0% to 15% of the time according to the PSG response criteria. In the case vignettes, deeper sedation was preferred by nurses (P < .0001) and for patients who were unable to communicate (OR, 3.1‐4.4; P < .0001) and had a shorter life expectancy (OR, 1.7; P = .002).ConclusionsCaregivers often preferred lighter sedation than nurses. Many patients were undersedated in comparison with caregivers' PSGs, and this highlights room for improvement.Lay Summary

In the last days of life, many patients with cancer develop delirium and become restless/agitated; this can be highly distressing.

Caregivers and physicians alike are often concerned about the use of sedatives for agitated delirium and try to find a balance between maximizing comfort and maintaining communication.

This study examined the concept of a personalized sedation goal for setting an individualized target for the level of sedation.

Caregivers often preferred lighter sedation than nurses. Many patients were undersedated in comparison with caregivers' stated goals, and this highlights room for improvement.
The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of the Potassium‐Competitive Acid Blocker Vonoprazan
Authors: Mulford Darcy J. , Leifke Eckhard , Hibberd Mark , Howden Colin W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a food‐effect study of vonoprazan, an oral potassium‐competitive acid blocker. In a phase 1, randomized, open‐label, crossover study, healthy subjects received a single 20‐mg dose of vonoprazan either following an overnight fast or 30 minutes after a high‐fat breakfast. Plasma vonoprazan levels were determined at 0 hour and at 17 subsequent assessment points up to 48 hours after dosing. After a 5‐day washout, subjects received a second 20‐mg vonoprazan dose in the alternative fed/fasted state (identical process repeated). Twenty‐four subjects completed the study. Vonoprazan exposure was not meaningfully affected by food. Geometric mean ratios for maximum concentration, area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to 24 hours, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity obtained under fed and fasting conditions were 1.05 (90% confidence interval, 0.98‐1.12), 1.13 (1.09‐1.18), and 1.15 (1.11‐1.19), respectively. Four subjects experienced 6 adverse events that were all mild and considered unrelated to the study drug. Vonoprazan can be administered without regard to food intake.
The role of attachment, coping style and reasons for substance use in substance users with psychosis
Authors: Berry Katherine , Haddock Gillian , Barrowclough Christine , Gregg Lynsey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeventy substance users with psychosis who were participating in a clinical trial of a psychological therapy for psychosis were additionally assessed for attachment, coping styles and self‐reported reasons for substance use in order to test a hypothesized sequential mediation model. In this model the relationship between insecure attachment and problematic substance use was assumed to be sequentially mediated by dysfunctional coping and the use of substances to cope with distress. Hypothesized associations between insecure‐avoidant attachment and substance use were not supported, but the relationship between insecure‐anxious attachment and problematic substance use was confirmed and found to be fully mediated by dysfunctional coping and coping reasons for use. Findings suggest that fostering secure attachments in people with psychosis might promote more successful coping and could prevent or reduce substance use related problems in this group.
Enantiopure Double ortho‐Oligophenylethynylene‐Based Helical Structures with Circularly Polarized Luminescence Activity
Authors: Reiné Pablo , Ortuño Ana M. , Resa Sandra , Álvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Ribagorda María , Mota Antonio J. , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna , Miguel Delia , Cuerva Juan M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the optical and chiroptical properties of an enantiopure multipodal ortho‐oligophenylethynylene (S,S,S,S)‐1 presenting four chiral sulfoxide groups at the extremes. The presence of these groups together with alkynes allows the coordination with carbophilic Ag(I), and/or oxophilic Zn(II) cations, yielding double helical structures in an enantiopure way. In this sense, different behaviors in absorption, fluorescence, ECD and CPL spectra have been found depending on the stoichiometry and nature of the metal. We have observed that Zn(II) coordination favors an intensity increase of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of compound (S,S,S,S)‐1 yielding an M‐helicity in the ortho‐oligophenylene ethynylene (o‐OPE) backbone. On the other hand, ECD spectra of final Ag(I) complex shows two different bands with an opposite sign to the free ligand, thus giving the P‐helical isomer. In addition, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) exhibit an enhanced intensity and negative sign in both complexes. Computational studies were also carried out, supporting the experimental results.
The evolution of “atypia” in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration specimens
Authors: Kim Teresa H. , Krane Jeffrey F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) provided a standardized framework for resulting thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens and introduced the low‐risk category of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). This indeterminate category has significantly evolved over time with the incorporation of molecular testing, reclassification of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP), and a shift toward more conservative management. Despite these refinements, AUS/FLUS remains a challenge, at both the diagnostic and therapeutic level. We review the criteria for AUS/FLUS and the associated controversies in rendering this diagnosis, while highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing atypical thyroid nodules.
Fine‐scale foraging habitat selection by two diving central place foragers in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Huon Mathilde , Planque Yann , Jessopp Mark John , Cronin Michelle , Caurant Florence , Vincent Cécile 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHabitat selection and spatial usage are important components of animal behavior influencing fitness and population dynamic. Understanding the animal–habitat relationship is crucial in ecology, particularly in developing strategies for wildlife management and conservation. As this relationship is governed by environmental features and intra‐ and interspecific interactions, habitat selection of a population may vary locally between its core and edges. This is particularly true for central place foragers such as gray and harbor seals, where, in the Northeast Atlantic, the availability of habitat and prey around colonies vary at local scale. Here, we study how foraging habitat selection may vary locally under the influence of physical habitat features. Using GPS/GSM tags deployed at different gray and harbor seals’ colonies, we investigated spatial patterns and foraging habitat selection by comparing trip characteristics and home‐range similarities and fitting GAMMs to seal foraging locations and environmental data. To highlight the importance of modeling habitat selection at local scale, we fitted individual models to colonies as well as a global model. The global model suffered from issues of homogenization, while colony models showed that foraging habitat selection differed markedly between regions for both species. Despite being capable of undertaking far‐ranging trips, both gray and harbor seals selected their foraging habitat depending on local availability, mainly based on distance from the last haul‐out and bathymetry. Distance from shore and tidal current also influenced habitat preferences. Results suggest that local conditions have a strong influence on population spatial ecology, highlighting the relevance of processes occurring at fine geographical scale consistent with management within regional units.