bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Videofluoroscopic Study of Swallowing Disorders in Patients with Parkinsonism
Authors: Rajeev Shivani , Radhakrishnan Sureshkumar , Vidhyadharan Sivakumar , Menon Unnikrishnan , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Iyer Subramania 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Dysphagia in Parkinsonism is often reported, and diagnosed, late. This can be a contributor to morbidity and mortality. Hence, a screening tool is essential as part of routine workup of these patients. The gold standard diagnostic modality for dysphagia is Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS). However, being an interventional imaging procedure, it cannot be made routine for every case.

Aim:
To study swallowing problems in patients with Parkinsonism using a screening questionnaire and to objectively observe the findings at VFSS in these patients.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen patients (nine males and six females) attending the Parkinsonism clinic over a period of 1 year, and meeting the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. After standard neurological evaluation, they were administered our screening tool, the Amrita Dysphagia Screening Questionnaire (ADSQ). Next, they underwent VFSS. The scores and findings from these were documented, and the results were tabulated.

Results:
The average Hoehn and Yahr scale and ADSQ scores were 0.488 and 0.799, respectively. Mean age was 68.9 years. In VFSS, all the patients showed features of oropharyngeal swallowing disorders characteristic of Parkinsonism. These included features of bradykinesia such as tongue pumping, smaller tongue movements and piecemeal deglutition in the oral preparatory stage of swallowing, and reduced pharyngeal constriction, premature spillage, vallecular and pyriform sinuses residue, reduced hyoid movement, prolonged transit time, delayed laryngeal closure, aspiration/penetration, and repetitive or multiple swallow in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing.

Conclusion:
The present study has documented the objective findings of swallowing disorders, especially of the oral phase, in patients with Parkinsonism. This, along with our screening tool, must be considered essential in the management protocol for this debilitating neurological condition.
Cross Sectional Online Survey to Determine the Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Smoking Tobacco Among Students of Medical Science College in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmad Wasim , Ahmad Ayaz , Ali Mohammad Daud , Hassan Yousif Amin , Albanai Raghad Abdullah R , Al-dossary Raghad Barrak , Alabdullah Ahlam Abdullatif 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
The present study was conducted to examine the prevalence of tobacco smoking among students' of different departments of private medical science college at Dammam, as well as to assess students' attitude, practice, knowledge, and awareness towards smoking and its harmful effects.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed at Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences (MACHS) in February 2020. Data were obtained through adopted pretested validated questionnaire based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The questionnaire contains demographic details, smoking behavior, knowledge, and behavior attitude toward smoking.

Results:
A total of 388 students completed the questionnaire out of them 108 males (27.8%) and 280 females (76.2%), the prevalence ratio of tobacco use 19.84%. The prevalence ratio of female current smokers was 7.9%, whereas male 11.8%, even though the number of female participants were high. Female students had better knowledge in comparison with male students regarding the harmful effects of tobacco smoking on health (78.7% vs. 82.8%; P ≤ 0.001), and as a risk factor of brain thrombosis (59.2% vs. 60%; P ≤ 0.001), gastric ulcer (55.5% vs. 62.1%; P ≤ 0.001), asthma (62.9% vs. 72.1%; P ≤ 0.001), and lung cancer (81.4% vs. 86.7%; P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of smoking tobacco was relatively low among MACHS students who had good general knowledge regarding the harmful effects of smoking tobacco. This study results showed the harmful effects of smoking and can be used as a basis for the development of tobacco education programs at MACHS and any other institution for providing professional support for students to quit smoking.
Retrospective Assessment of the Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions in a Malaysian Clinical Training Center
Authors: Elkalmi Ramadan M. , Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Sapar Nurmisaliza Mohd , Blebil Ali 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the completeness and quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports that were submitted to the Pharmacovigilance Unit (PVU) in clinical training center (CTC), Faculty of Medicine, UiTM Sungai Buloh Campus.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted using all ADR reports that were submitted to the PVU in CTC from December 31, 2000, to December 31, 2018. The completeness was assessed by reviewing all the required elements to be filled in the ADR reports. The quality was assessed by investigating the required information in the ADR reporting form. Descriptive statistics have been used to present the findings.

Key Findings:
In a total of 31 reports that were submitted to the PVU in CTC, 98.9% of patient's information and 100% of ADR descriptions were completed. Suspected drug information and the reporter's details were completed by 52.2% and 79.6%, respectively. Of 58.0% of the information about seriousness recorded, 38.9% (n = 7) is mild, 44.4% (n = 8) is moderate, and 16.7% (n = 3) is severe. Among all the suspected medicines, drug class of antibiotics (32.4%, n = 12) is the most reported suspected drugs that caused ADR, followed by opioid analgesic (8.1%, n = 3) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8.1%, n = 3).

Conclusion:
Further efforts and relevant interventions should be considered to increase the reporting frequency and to enhance the completeness and the quality of the ADR reports in the study setting.
Genetics of hyperuricemia and gout
Authors: Ko Yu-Lin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in adults. Elevation serum uric acid (SUA) concentration is known to be the key to gout pathogenesis. Since the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SUA was performed in 2007, the number of gene loci known to be associated with hyperuricemia and gout has grown rapidly. GWASs and Mendelian randomization studies have also reported numerous novel results regarding the genetics of hyperuricemia and gout since 2018. We concisely review recent advances in scholarship on the effects of genetics on hyperuricemia and gout risk. We also review data from genetic association studies in Taiwan and perform GWASs of SUA levels among Taiwan Biobank participants.
Saline waters and nitrogen/potassium fertilization combinations on physiological aspects and production of West Indian cherry
Authors: Silva Evandro Manoel da , Gheyi Hans Raj , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Bonifácio Benedito Ferreira 
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated the influence of combinations of nitrogen and potassium doses on the physiology and fruit production of West Indian cherry irrigated with waters of different salinities in the second year of cultivation. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil, in plastic containers adapted as lysimeters installed in the field, in a randomized block design, 5 x 4 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1, and four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization: 70% N + 50% K2O; 100% N + 75% K2O; 130% N + 100% K2O and 160% N + 125% K2O of the dose recommended for West Indian cherry, with three replicates and one plant per plot. The cv. ‘Flor Branca’ was grafted on the cv. ‘Junco’, between 420 and 550 days after transplanting. Nitrogen and potassium combinations did not mitigate the deleterious effects of water salinity on the physiology and fruit formation of West Indian cherry. An increase in ECw intensifies the intercellular electrolyte leakage and reduces the water potential in the branch, chlorophyll content in the leaves, CO2 assimilation rate, equatorial and polar diameters as well as the mass of fruits. Fertilization of plants with 70% N + 50% of K2O, compared to the other fertilization combinations, causes less intercellular electrolyte leakage and promotes higher CO2 assimilation rates, higher chlorophyll content in leaves, and fruits of larger size and mass.
Keywords: Malpighia emarginata D. C, mineral fertilization, salt stress.
Oral administration of Weissella and Pediococcus sp alleviates formalin induced inflammation in rats by Cytokine Modulation
Authors: Oladejo B. O. , Oluwasola H. M. 
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to study the cytokine modulatory activity of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Weisella cibaria II-1-59, Weisella confusa JMC 1093, and Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM20336 isolated from a Nigerian locally fermented food condiment; “iru” using paw oedema acute inflammatory model induced with 1% formalin in Wistar rats. Rats were distributed into six groups (A-F). Rats in Groups A were neither administered formalin nor treated with LAB, while Group B received formalin injection only. Rats in Groups C, D, and E were administered formalin and were treated orally with 2 × 107 CFU/ml of Weisella cibaria II-1-59, Weisella confusa JMC 1093, and Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM20336 respectively, while Group F received diclofenac sodium treatment following administration of formalin. The dose of LAB strain used for the oral treatment was 2 × 107 CFU/ml for all the groups while the dose of diclofenac sodium used was 150 mg/kg body weight of the rats. Paw thickness (mm) was checked at t = 0, 1, 4, 8, 24, 72, 168 and 336 h. Cytokine assay for C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL-10) and Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) was performed on serum samples of the rats using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oral administration of W. cibaria II-1-59 showed the best significant decrease in the paw thickness of the rats, which was followed by P. pentosaceus DSM20336 and W. confusa JMC 1093 respectively, and was shown to be statistically significant at P<0.05. There was also a significant decrease (below standard 2000 pg/ml) in the secretion of pro-inflammatory biomarker (CRP) in all LAB treated groups at 1 hour, while there was an increase in the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF- β in Groups C-E rats which was maximally increased in W. confusa JMC 1093 treated rats. This study suggests that W. cibaria II-1-59, W. confusa JMC 1093 and P. pentosaceus DSM20336 possess anti-inflammatory potentials.
Keywords: Inflammation, Cytokines, Weisella, Formalin, Oedema, Pediococcus
Tamarind extract pretreatment: Valorization of sugarcane bagasse for cellulase production by Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Kazeem M. O. , Ajijolakewu K. A. , Ahmed El - Imam A.M. , Salau R. B. 
Published: November 2021

Effective pretreatment is crucial for cellulase production from sugarcane bagasse. Pretreatment with tamarind extract could reduce the hazardous effect associated with chemical pretreatment. The present work investigated tamarind (Tamarindus indica) extract in combination with H2SO4 and thermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for cellulase production by Aspergillus flavus. The sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with tamarind extract pH 2 and pH 4, followed by 1% H2SO4 and thermal treatment at 121°C for 15 min. The pretreatment slurry was analysed for reducing sugar while solid bagasse was analysed for weight loss. Aspergillus flavus grew on sugarcane bagasse under solid state fermentation and the Carboxy Methyl Cellulase (CMCase) and Filter Paper Assay (FPA) activities were compared on the various pretreatments. The pretreatments changed the visible morphology of the sugarcane bagasse observed by the swelling, fibrous appearance and colour change. Pretreatment slurry yielded highest soluble reducing sugar at 60.01 mg/ml in tamarind extract (pH 4/1% H2SO4 ) and highest weight loss of solids at 73.70% in tamarind extract (pH 2/1% H2SO4 /thermal 121°C). Aspergillus flavus performed better on tamarind extract (pH 2/1% H2SO4 ) by producing optimal CMCase and FPA activities at 0.100 U/ml and 0.409 U/ml respectively after 3 days of fermentation. Cellulase was maximally active at temperature of 50 °C. The tamarind extract pretreatment successfully proved to be an alternative organo-chemical pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse as evidenced by the physical properties, soluble reducing sugars and cellulase activities.
Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, Cellulase, Pretreatment, Sugarcane bagasse, Tamarind extract
Growth and some surface characterization of tin Sulphide (SnS) thin film by two-electrode cell arrangement for photo absorption
Authors: Lasisi A. R. , Alabi A. B. , Taleatu B. A. , Babalola O. A. 
Published: November 2021

This study presented deposition of tin sulphide (SnS) thin film using a two-electrode electrochemical cell arrangement. The bath electrolyte comprised tin sulphate (SnSO4 ), hydrated sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3∙5H2O) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4 ). The acid was used to adjust the pH of the bath. The deposited film was characterised using Surface Profilometer, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Uv-Visible Spectrophotometer and four point probe technique. Surface profiling revealed that the film is continuous with thickness of about 60 nm. The XRD result showed that the film has orthorhombic crystal structure. Film's crystallite size was estimated as 0.61 nm and interplanar spacing as 0.29 nm. The Uv-visible Spectrophotometer result reveals that, the film has good absorbance but poor reflectance and transmittance in the visible light region. The film has direct allowed transition with energy band gap of 1.69 eV. Values of surface resistivity and conductivity were deduced from data obtained from Four-point probe studies as 5.12 x 10-4Ω-cm and 1.96 x 103Ω-1cm-1 respectively. The I-V characteristics curve of ITO/SnS/Ag structure is linear indicating an Ohmic contact between the substrate electrode and the deposited layer. It can therefore be suggested that the film can allow pathway for photoabsorption and also aid charge transfer in photovoltaic process.
Keywords: tin sulphide, orthorhombic, electrochemical deposition, characterization, photovoltaic and surface resistivity.
Professional and public accreditation of basic educational programs in the field of railway transport
Authors: Chaplinsky S. I. 
Published: November 2021

Professional and public accreditation is increasingly included in the practice of interaction between employers and the education system. Topical issues of carrying out the procedure of professional and public accreditation of basic educational programs implemented for the training of qualified personnel in the field of railway transport are considered. The goals and objectives of professional and public accreditation are outlined, practical aspects that help an educational organization to effectively go through the appropriate procedure are highlighted.The presented experience is the result of the author's practical work on the organization of professional and public accreditation of basic educational programs on behalf of employers of railway transport.
Advanced training in industry education
Authors: Aleshchenko N. M. 
Published: November 2021

The experience of the Federal Agency for Railway Transport (Roszheldor) conducting annual training courses for the heads of educational institutions of secondary vocational education and heads of state universities of railways supervising their work, organized by the Training and Methodological Center for Education in Railway Transport, considered. The main issues and problems that were discussed from September 13 to 16, 2021 at the courses “Improving the quality of secondary vocational education in the field of railway transport: prospects and ways of development”, held on the basis of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University.The topical issues, the study of which is devoted to the event: the results of the work of educational institutions of secondary vocational education of Roszheldor; interaction of educational organizations of Roszheldor with the main employer — JSC Russian Railways; educational and methodological support of basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education; new organizational and methodological mechanisms in the system of secondary vocational education through Federal educational and methodological association; introduction of technological innovations into secondary vocational education in railway transport through professional skill con-tests; WorldSkills championships; informational, organizational, scientific and methodological resources for solving problems of training mid-level specialists for railway transport.
Comparative analysis of the structure of passenger transportation in Russia
Authors: Sugorovsky A. V. , Voronina E. V. , Karpova E. R. , Podverbnykh A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Passenger transport of the country has a significant impact on the level of its economic development, providing the connection of the population with objects of industrial, social, cultural and household purposes.In Russia, intercity passenger transportation by public transport is mainly represented by bus, rail, aviation (aircraft) and water (domestic). The article analyzes the dynamics of passenger transportation and passenger turnover of public transport for the period from 2015 to 2020, presents a calculation of the number of flights performed by bus, rail, air (aircraft) and water (domestic) transport, identifies the reasons for the lack of development of passenger transportation and suggests solutions.It is established that inland water transport is currently undergoing decline and state intervention is necessary for their development. Also, during the period under review, there is a decrease in the popularity of buses and a preference for private transport to public, it is necessary to improve the quality of transportation. The indicators of air and rail transport have positive dynamics, but they also require growth. The development of air transport in Russia can be carried out by the introduction of new services, for example, air taxi, rail-transport in the field of urban and suburban communications, the construction of new high - speed highways. In 2020, due to the announcement of restrictions on movement and quarantine measures, there is a sharp decline in indicators for all types of transport.The materials can be used to analyze and improve the work of the country's passenger complex.
Digital transformation of workers interaction of workers railway station
Authors: Devyatkina V. A. , Nikitina A. A. , Shutov I. N. 
Published: November 2021

The issues of interaction of railway station personnel when troubleshooting infrastructure malfunctions are considered on the example of track devices and signaling, centralization and blocking equipment. Examples of specific solutions to problem situations are given when training a duty officer at a railway station using a simulator representing virtual workplaces of a duty officer and/or train dispatcher. The experience and options for using the simulator in the motion control laboratory are described. The relevance of the publication is associated with the digital transformation of management and the need to train staff at railway stations to interact in a virtual simulation of the transportation process. Changes in the display on the monitor of the simulator in the sequence of actions of the attendant at the railway station are shown. Examples of discrepancy between real methods of troubleshooting at the station and the software of the training complex are given. The perspective of development of virtual control technologies using artificial intelligence is explained. The current instructions and normative documents are used as information materials. A variant of paperwork is proposed as a result of the interaction of employees of various subordination in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory and technological documents.As scientific methods, the content analysis of the protocols of the students' work on the simulators was used, analytical comparisons of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the work on the organization of the transportation process during the digital transformation of management were carried out. The didactic forms of using digital simulators in educational work and other forms of educational activity are listed. The results obtained are in improving the quality of training students in professional competencies, ensuring the demand for graduates of educational institutions of the middle level of railway transport in the promising labor market.
Historical aspects of transportation of oil cargo during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Kurenkov P. V. , Chebotareva E. A. , Solop I. A. 
Published: November 2021

Economic development cannot be imagined without oil and petroleum products. The rhythmic and efficient operation of industrial enterprises and other sectors of the national economy depends on uninterrupted supplies, therefore, logistics transport schemes for the delivery of petroleum products are very important. Such types of transportation are well studied in the modern period, but until now no one has considered them in wartime. An attempt is made to analyze the variety of delivery schemes and their diversification during the war with the aim of applying the experience in peacetime.The experience of organizing the transportation of oil cargo during military events is considered, the historical aspects of the use of unique schemes for the delivery of oil cargo are disclosed. The study of schemes for the transportation of oil cargo in transport and logistics systems in the historical context gives an idea of the uniqueness of individual delivery methods. Thanks to the feat of the oilmen and sailors, the supply of the front through the Caspian Sea Baku — Krasnovodsk and Baku — Astrakhan was established. From the very first days of the Great Patriotic War, oil Baku has been supplying the front with oil and oil products without interruption.The study of historical facts shows that the schemes for the transportation of oil cargo have always been aimed at the maximum interaction of modes of transport and the use of their technical advantages. The possibility of using modern transport and technological systems for oil transportation, which have been developed by expanding the development of logistics tools and principles of logistics, is given.
Analisis Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Solvabilitas dan Rasio Rentabilitas untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi Serba Usaha Andini Mulyo Unit Boyolali
Authors: Zanardi Yassin , Indah Novi Permata 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to assess the financial performance of the Multipurpose Cooperative Andini Mulyo Boyolali Unit. This observation of financial performance was carried out by researching the financial statements of the multi-business cooperative Andini Mulyo Boyolali in 2015-2019. The data analysis method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Aspects of the financial statements. that become the reference include liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios. The results showed that from 2015 to 2019 the financial performance of the Multipurpose Cooperative. Andini Mulyo Boyolali unit was very good when compared to the Assessment. Standards of the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs RI 2006. This can be seen. from the value of the liquidity ratio which managed to achieve an average CR of 406, 6% and CS by 200%. Judging from the solvency ratio, the average DAR produced is 17% and the DER is 21%. Then the average of the last component, the Multipurpose Cooperative Andini Mulyo Boyolali, managed to achieve an BOPO of 77%.
Kata Kunci: Liquidity Ratio, Solvency Ratio, and Profitability Ratio.