bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors of poor blood collecting flow during leukocyte apheresis for cellular therapy
Authors: Konno Saori , Yanagisawa Ryu , Motoki Noriko , Shimodaira Shigetaka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLeukocyte apheresis is necessary in various cellular therapies. However, maintenance of a stable flow rate during leukocyte apheresis is often difficult, even in patients or donors without major problems. Despite this, predictive methods and evidence regarding the reality of the situation are limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis involving adult patients who required leukocyte apheresis for the treatment of neoplasms using WT1‐pulsed dendritic cell vaccine. Monocytes were separated from apheresis products to obtain dendritic cells. All the patients were pre‐evaluated based on laboratory and chest X‐ray findings and subjected to an identical apheresis procedure. The occurrence of poor blood collecting flow during leukocyte apheresis was monitored, and the frequency, clinical information, and associated risk factors were analyzed. Among 160 cases, poor blood collecting flow was observed in 53 cases (33.1%) in a median time of 54 min (range, 2–127 min) post‐initiation of leukocyte apheresis. Owing to difficulty in obtaining higher collecting flow, a longer procedure time was required, and in some cases, the scheduled apheresis cycles could not be completed. Consequently, the number of harvested monocytes was low. Multivariable analysis indicated that female patients have an increased risk of poor inlet flow rate. Furthermore, prolonged QT dispersion (QTD) calculated using Bazett's formula was found to be a risk factor. Although the patients did not present any major problems during leukocyte apheresis, poor blood collecting flow was observed in some cases. Sex and pre‐evaluated QTD might be useful predictors for these cases; however, further prospective evaluation is necessary.
Residential aged care staff awareness of and engagement with dementia‐specific support services and education
Authors: Williams Ruth , Ockerby Cherene , Rawson Helen , Redley Bernice , Hutchinson Alison 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine residential aged care (RAC) staff awareness of and engagement with dementia‐specific support services and education.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of staff (n = 179) from 36 Victorian RAC facilities.Results60% (n = 107) of respondents were aware of dementia‐specific support services, but only 27% (n = 48) accessed services in the previous 2 years. Approximately 77% (n = 137) were aware of dementia‐specific education, with 66% (n = 115) completing education in the previous 2 years. A significantly higher proportion of registered nurses had accessed dementia‐specific support services in the past 2 years compared with enrolled nurses and personal care assistants (P < 0.001).ConclusionA relatively large proportion of RAC staff were unaware of available dementia‐specific support services and education. While approximately two thirds accessed such education, only one in four accessed dementia‐specific support services. To optimise the quality of care for people with dementia, strategies to increase awareness of and access to these resources are warranted.
Overexpression of Krueppel like factor 3 promotes subcutaneous adipocytes differentiation in goat Capra hircus
Authors: He Changsheng , Wang Yong , Xu Qing , Xiong Yan , Zhu Jiangjiang , Lin Yaqiu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious research reported that KLF3 plays different roles in the regulation of adipose deposition across species. However, the exact function of KLF3 in goat subcutaneous adipocyte remains unknown. Here, the goat KLF3 gene was firstly cloned and showed that the mRNA sequence of the goat KLF3 gene was 1,264 bp (GenBank accession number: KU041753.1) and its coding sequence was 1,037 bp, encoding 345 amino acids with three classic zinc finger domains of KLFs family at its C‐terminus. The alignment of the amino acid sequence of KLF3 among various species demonstrated that goat had the highest homology to that of sheep, presenting 99.4% similarity, while the homology similarity to that of mice presented only 93.62% in contrast. Furthermore, KLF3 had highest mRNA level in fat tissue and lowest level in the heart in comparison. Additionally, the mRNA level of KLF3 gradually tended to increase during adipogenesis. Interestingly, overexpression of KLF3 increased lipid accumulation. In line with this, the gain‐of‐function of KLF3 dramatically elevated the mRNA levels of TG synthetic genes and adipogenic maker genes (p < .01) . Moreover, overexpression of KLF3 upregulated all the potential target genes, except for C/EBPα. These results suggested that KLF3 is a positive regulator for subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation in goats.
Back‐fat thickness as a primary index reflecting the yield and overall acceptance of pork meat
Authors: Hoa Van‐Ba , Seo Hyun‐Woo , Seong Pil‐Nam , Cho Soo‐Hyun , Kang Sun‐Moon , Kim Yun‐Seok , Moon Sung‐Sil , Choi Yong‐Min , Kim Jin‐Hyoung , Seol Kuk‐Hwan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPredicting aspects of lean meat yield and eating quality of pork based on some particular carcass traits become increasingly important from an economic profitability point of view. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the back‐fat (BF) thickness with lean meat yield and meat quality traits of crossbred pigs. A total of 220 crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) ♀ × Duroc ♂] reared under identical conditions and harvested at 180 days old were slaughtered and screened for BF thickness. Four BF thickness groups: 12–15, 16–20, 21–25, and 26–30 mm were classified, and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles from these groups were used to analyze meat quality characteristics. Results showed that increasing BF thickness decreased the lean meat yield and loin lean area. Increasing BF thickness up to 26–30 mm increased intramuscular fat content and pH of LD muscles. The LD muscles of the thicker BF (21–30 mm) groups received significantly higher flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability scores than those of the thinner back‐fat (12–20 mm) groups. Overall, when all the pre‐harvest factors are kept the same, BF thickness could be considered as a primary index for predicting lean meat yield, and the minimal back‐fat thickness of 21–30 mm is required to improve the overall acceptability of pork meat.
Evolutionary rescue via transgenerational plasticity: Evidence and implications for conservation
Authors: Harmon Emily A. , Pfennig David W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen a population experiences severe stress from a changing environment, evolution by natural selection can prevent its extinction, a process dubbed “evolutionary rescue.” However, evolution may be unable to track the sort ofrapidenvironmental change being experienced by many modern‐day populations. A potential solution is for organisms to respond to environmental change through phenotypic plasticity, which can buffer populations against change and thereby buy time for evolutionary rescue. In this review, we examine whether this process extends to situations in which the environmentally induced response is passed to offspring. As we describe, theoretical and empirical studies suggest that such “transgenerational plasticity” can increase population persistence. We discuss the implications of this process for conservation biology, outline potential limitations, and describe some applications. Generally, transgenerational plasticity may be effective at buying time for evolutionary rescue to occur.
Iberian oak decline caused byPhytophthora cinnamomi: A spatiotemporal analysis incorporating the effect of host heterogeneities at landscape scale
Authors: Cardillo Enrique , Abad Enrique , Meyer Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe pathogenPhytophthora cinnamomiis considered a main driver of Iberian oak decline (IOD), a forest disease which decimates holm oaks (Quercus ilex) and cork oaks (Quercus suber) in a multipurpose, silvo‐pastoral and seminatural ecosystem of 3.1 million hectares in the south‐west of Europe. Little is known about the spatial dynamics ofPhytophthora cinnamomiand how forest stand characteristics affect the IOD epidemic. Here, we analyse IOD spread over several decades in one such ecosystem by means of a multilevel approach based on (a) identification of diseased sites via repeated aerial imagery at landscape scale, (b) confirmation by subsampling of soil and roots, and iii) an epidemic model accounting for host population heterogeneities. We use a 'self‐exciting' spatiotemporal point process with two additive risk components: an epidemic component represents the inoculum pressure from nearby disease foci, and a background component describes sporadic disease transmission over larger distances or from unobserved sources. Both risk components are found to increase over time, and a lagged power‐law spatial kernel provides the best fit for the observed disease pattern. We estimate that 49% of the secondary infections triggered by a primary source occur within a distance of 250 m. Our results also highlight the role of density and diversity of the host population; we find that the rate of sporadic infections in silvo‐pastoral systems (dehesas) is lower than in forests, and higher in mixed stands and shrub encroached oak lands than in pure stands. These results have direct implications for IOD management, for example the estimated spatial kernel may guide the definition of suitable target areas for localized control measures and help to quantify their success. Our results also suggest that silviculture treatments aimed at controlling the density and species composition of oak stands, as well as the abundance of shrubs, are crucial to the containment of IOD.
The ILAE classification of seizures and the epilepsies: Modification for seizures in the neonate. Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Neonatal Seizures
Authors: Pressler Ronit M. , Cilio Maria Roberta , Mizrahi Eli M. , Moshé Solomon L. , Nunes Magda L. , Plouin Perrine , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Yozawitz Elissa , de Vries Linda S. , Puthenveettil Vinayan Kollencheri , Triki Chahnez C. , Wilmshurst Jo M. , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Zuberi Sameer M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeizures are the most common neurological emergency in the neonatal period and in contrast to those in infancy and childhood, are often provoked seizures with an acute cause and may be electrographic‐only. Hence, neonatal seizures may not fit easily into classification schemes for seizures and epilepsies primarily developed for older children and adults. A Neonatal Seizures Task Force was established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) to develop a modification of the 2017 ILAE Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies, relevant to neonates. The neonatal classification framework emphasizes the role of electroencephalography (EEG) in the diagnosis of seizures in the neonate and includes a classification of seizure types relevant to this age group. The seizure type is determined by the predominant clinical feature. Many neonatal seizures are electrographic‐only with no evident clinical features; therefore, these are included in the proposed classification. Clinical events without an EEG correlate are not included. Because seizures in the neonatal period have been shown to have a focal onset, a division into focal and generalized is unnecessary. Seizures can have a motor (automatisms, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, tonic), non‐motor (autonomic, behavior arrest), or sequential presentation. The classification allows the user to choose the level of detail when classifying seizures in this age group.
In situ strength analysis of cross‐ply composite laminates containing defects and interleaved woven layer using a computational micromechanics approach
Authors: Rafie Alireza , Madadi Hamidreza , Farrokhabadi Amin , Herráez Miguel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe transverse strength of 90° plies located in cross‐ply laminates subjected to transverse tension is investigated numerically. To reach this aim, it is assumed that the transverse cracking is formed by coalescence of fiber–matrix debonding, which propagates along the planes parallel to the fibers. The two‐dimensional finite element model (FEM) investigates the dominant micromechanical damage mechanisms, fiber–matrix debonding, and matrix cracking using the cohesive zone model (CZM) and plasticity, respectively. The numerical simulation is according to the extended computational micromechanics (ECMM) approach, which can be applied as a useful virtual test method instead of performing costly characterization tests. The results obtained from the present study show that the defects such as voids, imperfections, and residual stresses contribute to reducing the in situ strength of 90° plies. In the case of using an interleaved woven layer, the formation of the first transverse crack in unit cells within 90° layer is delayed.
Getting the message right on nature‐based solutions to climate change
Authors: Seddon Nathalie , Smith Alison , Smith Pete , Key Isabel , Chausson Alexandre , Girardin Cécile , House Jo , Srivastava Shilpi , Turner Beth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNature‐based solutions (NbS)—solutions to societal challenges that involve working with nature—have recently gained popularity as an integrated approach that can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while supporting sustainable development. Although well‐designed NbS can deliver multiple benefits for people and nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting for carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns that this is distracting from the need to rapidly phase out use of fossil fuels and protect existing intact ecosystems. There are also concerns that the expansion of forestry framed as a climate change mitigation solution is coming at the cost of carbon rich and biodiverse native ecosystems and local resource rights. Here, we discuss the promise and pitfalls of the NbS framing and its current political traction, and we present recommendations on how to get the message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners and researchers to consider the synergies and trade‐offs associated with NbS and to follow four guiding principles to enable NbS to provide sustainable benefits to society: (1) NbS are not a substitute for the rapid phase out of fossil fuels; (2) NbS involve a wide range of ecosystems on land and in the sea, not just forests; (3) NbS are implemented with the full engagement and consent of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in a way that respects their cultural and ecological rights; and (4) NbS should be explicitly designed to provide measurable benefits for biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will we design robust and resilient NbS that address the urgent challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, sustaining nature and people together, now and into the future.
Utilization and development of systematic reviews in management research: What do we know and where do we go from here?
Authors: Rojon Céline , Okupe Adun , McDowall Almuth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral years since the introduction of systematic review in management research, our paper takes stock of how the methodology has been used thus far to elicit potential areas for improvement and a future best practice agenda. It was our focus to investigate how synthesis methods have been approached and how implications are spelled out for future research, practice and, where relevant, policy. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of systematic reviews published in management research since the early 2000s (N = 391). We found that whilst scholars adopted similar methodological steps, there was variability in focus, with more attention paid to explaining the systematic review methodology protocol and search strategy utilized, than on detailed analysis and synthesis of the included studies’ findings. These aspects should be addressed more explicitly from the outset as an integral aspect of a systematic review protocol to support more refined application of relevant synthesis methods to develop the field. We conclude with a guide for ‘best practice’, including recommendations and published examples where available and an agenda for future refinement.
Development Policy under Fire? The Politicization of European External Relations*
Authors: Hackenesch Christine , Bergmann Julian , Orbie Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the past few years decision‐making processes and the normative underpinnings of EU external relations have become subject to intense debate in the European institutions, member states and the wider public. Previous research suggests that there is variation in the extent to which individual domains of EU external relations are politicized and contested. This special issue aims to theorize further and investigate empirically this, using the example of European development policy and its relations with other external policies. We introduce two new mechanisms that drive politicization dynamics. We argue that politicization can be diffused horizontally from one policy field to another, which we call horizontal politicization. We also investigate how the politicization of EU external policies in third countries occurs and influences politicization dynamics in the EU, which we call outside‐in politicization. The introduction to the special issue presents our theoretical approach and summarizes the key findings from the special issue.
The transfer and value of academic inventions when the TTO is one option
Authors: Carayol Nicolas , Sterzi Valerio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough the transfer of professors' inventions is typically performed by an intermediary set up by the university (the technology transfer office), other forms of transfer do coexist in reality. To clarify this situation and its consequences, we develop a model that endogenizes a professor's decision regarding the form of transfer for her invention in which intermediation by the transfer office is only one of two options, the other one being a transfer carried out by the professor herself. The intermediary can reach more potential licensees of the invention, whereas the professor is usually better at mitigating information asymmetry through signaling. In the semiseparating equilibrium of the game, promising technologies are likely to be cherry‐picked and transferred by the professor. This prediction that the transfer mode is influenced by invention quality is tested and confirmed, as are several other predictions, on our sample of 446 UK academic inventors. Specific care is taken to control for other mechanisms of IP assignment, such as those derived from consulting and sponsored research. Insights in terms of policy are drawn from this new perspective focusing on alternative transfer channels, match quality, and information asymmetry rather than on moral hazard.
Dynamic positioning, product innovation, and entry in a vertically differentiated market
Authors: Baron David P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwo firms compete in a market vertically differentiated by the qualities of their products. Each firm produces a single product with profit proportional to product differentiation, and initial product qualities maximize product differentiation. In each period a firm can undertake innovation to increase the quality of its product. Product innovation that widens the quality gap between the firms' products can attract entrants, which can weaken the incentives for innovation. An entrant chooses a product quality in the middle of the quality gap, and its quality is decreasing in the marginal product design cost. Instead of a top dog strategy that makes it a tougher postentry competitor, an incumbent firm uses a smart dog strategy of offering an additional product to forestall entry by narrowing the quality gap. Forestalling entry reduces profit relative to no threat of entry, but the incentive to innovate is preserved by applying an innovation success to the innovator's entire product line. Growth thus is due to new product introduction and innovation by incumbents rather than to creative destruction by entrants. The threat of entry, however, is the cause of the new products, lower prices, and growth.
Lactococcus garvieae isolated from Lake Kariba (Zambia) has low invasive potential in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Bwalya Patricia , Hang'ombe Bernard M. , Evensen Øystein , Mutoloki Stephen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) was assessed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following administration by two different routes of infection (intraperitoneal versus immersion), using 180 fish divided into three groups. The first group of fish was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 3 × 105 colony‐forming units (cfu) of L. garvieae; the second group was infected by immersion (IMM) into water containing 9.6 × 105 cfu/ml L. garvieae, and in group 3 (Control), the fish were injected IP with sterile normal saline. Mortalities were recorded daily, and on 3, 5, 7, and 13 days post‐infection (dpi), liver, kidney, spleen, brain and eyes were sampled. The level of infection between groups was assessed by number of mortalities that occurred, pathology/histopathology of internal organs, bacterial re‐isolation and presence of bacteria in situ determined using immunohistochemistry. A significant difference (p < .0001) was observed between L. garvieae re‐isolation from tilapia following administration by IP injection and IMM. Similarly, more clinical signs and mortalities (p < .001) were observed in the IP group compared to the IMM group where no mortalities were observed. These findings suggest that L. garvieae has a low invasive potential in Nile tilapia with intact skin/external barriers and highlights the importance of maintaining fish without cuts or abrasions under field conditions.