bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) affect ecosystem services and biodiversity components in invaded areas?
Authors: Schrader G. , Baker R. , Baranchikov Y. , Dumouchel L. , Knight K. S. , McCullough D. G. , Orlova‐Bienkowskaja M. J. , Pasquali S. , Gilioli G. 
Published: March 2021

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is an important component of risk analysis for plant pests and invasive alien species (IAS), and a standardized and consistent methodology has recently been developed for evaluating their impact on ecosystem services and biodiversity. This paper presents the application of this innovative methodology for ERA to Agrilus planipennis, the emerald ash borer, which causes significant mortality to Fraxinus (ash) species in forests and urban areas of North America (here: USA and Canada, excluding Mexico) and Russia. The methodology follows a retrospective analysis and summarizes information and observations in invaded areas in North America and Russia. Uncertainty distributions were elicited to define quantitatively a general pattern of the environmental impact in terms of reduction in ecosystem provisioning, supporting and regulating services, and biodiversity components. The environmental impacts of A. planipennis are time‐ and context‐dependent, therefore two time horizons of 5 and 20 years after introduction and two ecosystems (urban and forest) were considered. This case study shows that the quantitative assessment of environmental impacts for IAS is both possible and helpful for decision‐makers and risk managers who have to balance control costs against potential impacts of IAS.
Vitamin C prevents epidermal damage induced by PM‐associated pollutants and UVA1 combined exposure
Authors: Dimitrov Ariane , Zanini Martine , Zucchi Hélène , Boudah Samia , Lima Joaquim , Soeur Jérémie , Marrot Laurent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParticulate matter is suspected to be substantially involved in pollution‐induced health concerns. In fact, ultrafine particles (UFPs) contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) known as mutagenic, cytotoxic and sometimes phototoxic. Since UFPs reach blood circulation from lung alveoli, deep skin is very likely contaminated by PAHs coming from either skin surface or blood. As photoreactive, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or indenopyrene (IcdP) is involved in the interplay between pollution and sunlight. In order to better characterize this process, experiments were carried out on reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) in a protocol mimicking realistic exposure. Concentrations of PAHs comparable to those generally reported in blood were used together with chronic irradiation to low dose UVA1. On a histological level, damaged cells mainly accumulated in a suprabasal situation, thus reducing living epidermis thickness. Stress markers such as IL1‐α or MMP3 secretion increased, and surprisingly, the histological position of Transglutaminase‐1 within epidermis was disturbed, whereas position of other differentiation markers (keratin‐10, filaggrin, loricrin) remained unchanged. When vitamin C was added in culture medium, a very significant protection involving all markers was noticed. In conclusion, we provide here a model of interest to understand the epidermal deleterious consequences of pollution and to select efficient protective compounds.
Characteristics of hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea: An Asian experience
Authors: Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi , Chia Yook‐Chin , Siddique Saulat , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Tsoi Kelvin , Tay Jam Chin , Turana Yuda , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Huynh Van Minh , Park Sungha , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Wang Ji‐Guang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk of hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. In Asian countries, the prevalence of OSA is high, as in Western countries. When blood pressure (BP) is evaluated in OSA individuals using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), the BP phenotype often indicates abnormal BP variability, such as increased nighttime BP or abnormal diurnal BP variation, that is, non‐dipper pattern, riser pattern, and morning BP surge, and all these conditions have been associated with increased CVD events. Asians have a higher prevalence of increased nighttime BP or morning BP surge than Westerners. Therefore, this review paper focused on OSA and hypertension from an Asian perspective to investigate the importance of the association between OSA and hypertension in the Asian population. Such abnormal BP variability has been shown to be associated with progression of arterial stiffness, and this association could provoke a vicious cycle between abnormal BP phenotypes and arterial stiffness, a phenomenon recognized as systemic hemodynamic atherothrombotic syndrome (SHATS). OSA may be one of the background factors that augment SHATS. An oxygen‐triggered nocturnal oscillometric BP measurement device combined with a pulse oximeter for continuous SpO2 monitoring could detect BP variability caused by OSA. In addition to treating the OSA, accurate and reliable detection and treatment of any residual BP elevation and BP variability caused by OSA would be necessary to prevent CVD events. However, more detailed detection of BP variability, such as beat‐by‐beat BP monitoring, would further help to reduce CV events.
Theragnostic chromosomal rearrangements in treatment‐naive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas obtained via endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Murphy Stephen J. , Levy Michael J. , Smadbeck James B. , Karagouga Giannoula , McCune Alexa F. , Harris Faye R. , Udell Julia B. , Johnson Sarah H. , Kerr Sarah E. , Cheville John C. , Kipp Benjamin R. , Vasmatzis George , Gleeson Ferga C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA crucial mutational mechanism in malignancy is structural variation, in which chromosomal rearrangements alter gene functions that drive cancer progression. Herein, the presence and pattern of structural variations were investigated in twelve prospectively acquired treatment‐naïve pancreatic cancers specimens obtained via endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). In many patients, this diagnostic biopsy procedure and specimen is the only opportunity to identify somatic clinically relevant actionable alterations that may impact their care and outcome. Specialized mate pair sequencing (MPseq) provided genome‐wide structural variance analysis (SVA) with a view to identifying prognostic markers and possible therapeutic targets. MPseq was successfully performed on all specimens, identifying highly rearranged genomes with complete SVA on all specimens with > 20% tumour content. SVA identified chimeric fusion proteins and potentially immunogenic readthrough transcripts, change of function truncations, gains and losses of key genes linked to tumour progression. Complex localized rearrangements, termed chromoanagenesis, with broad pattern heterogeneity were observed in 10 (83%) specimens, impacting multiple genes with diverse cellular functions that could influence theragnostic evaluation and responsiveness to immunotherapy regimens. This study indicates that genome‐wide MPseq can be successfully performed on very limited clinically EUS obtained specimens for chromosomal rearrangement detection and potential theragnostic targets.
Use of a convolutional neural network for classifying microvessels of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Uema Ryotaro , Hayashi Yoshito , Tashiro Taku , Saiki Hirotsugu , Kato Minoru , Amano Takahiro , Tani Mizuki , Yoshihara Takeo , Inoue Takanori , Kimura Keiichi , Iwatani Shuko , Sakatani Akihiko , Yoshii Shunsuke , Tsujii Yoshiki , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Iijima Hideki , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe morphological diagnosis of microvessels on the surface of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas using magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging is widely used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, inconsistency, even among experts, remains a problem. We constructed a convolutional neural network‐based computer‐aided diagnosis system to classify the microvessels of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and evaluated its diagnostic performance.MethodsIn this retrospective study, a cropped magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band images from superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lesions was used as the dataset. All images were assessed by three experts, and classified into three classes, Type B1, B2, and B3, based on the Japan Esophagus Society classification. The dataset was divided into training and validation datasets. A convolutional neural network model (ResNeXt‐101) was trained and tuned with the training dataset. To evaluate diagnostic accuracy, the validation dataset was assessed by the computer‐aided diagnosis system and eight endoscopists.ResultsIn total, 1777 and 747 cropped images (total, 393 lesions) were included in the training and validation datasets, respectively. The diagnosis system took 20.3 s to evaluate the 747 images in the validation dataset. The microvessel classification accuracy of the computer‐aided diagnosis system was 84.2%, which was higher than the average of the eight endoscopists (77.8%, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for diagnosing Type B1, B2, and B3 vessels were 0.969, 0.948, and 0.973, respectively.ConclusionsThe computer‐aided diagnosis system showed remarkable performance in the classification of microvessels on superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.
Advances in understanding meso‐cortico‐limbic‐striatal systems mediating risky reward seeking
Authors: Piantadosi Patrick T. , Halladay Lindsay R. , Radke Anna K. , Holmes Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe risk of an aversive consequence occurring as the result of a reward‐seeking action can have a profound effect on subsequent behavior. Such aversive events can be described as punishers, as they decrease the probability that the same action will be produced again in the future and increase the exploration of less risky alternatives. Punishment can involve the omission of an expected rewarding event (“negative” punishment) or the addition of an unpleasant event (“positive” punishment). Although many individuals adaptively navigate situations associated with the risk of negative or positive punishment, those suffering from substance use disorders or behavioral addictions tend to be less able to curtail addictive behaviors despite the aversive consequences associated with them. Here, we discuss the psychological processes underpinning reward seeking despite the risk of negative and positive punishment and consider how behavioral assays in animals have been employed to provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying addictive disorders. We then review the critical contributions of dopamine signaling to punishment learning and risky reward seeking, and address the roles of interconnected ventral striatal, cortical, and amygdala regions to these processes. We conclude by discussing the ample opportunities for future study to clarify critical gaps in the literature, particularly as related to delineating neural contributions to distinct phases of the risky decision‐making process.image
Neurobiology of alcohol seeking behavior
Authors: Domi Esi , Domi Ana , Adermark Louise , Heilig Markus , Augier Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse consequences. A main challenge of addiction treatment is to prevent relapse, which occurs in more than >50% of newly abstinent patients with alcohol disorder within 3 months. In people suffering from alcohol addiction, stressful events, drug‐associated cues and contexts, or re‐exposure to a small amount of alcohol trigger a chain of behaviors that frequently culminates in relapse. In this review, we first present the preclinical models that were developed for the study of alcohol seeking behavior, namely the reinstatement model of alcohol relapse and compulsive alcohol seeking under a chained schedule of reinforcement. We then provide an overview of the neurobiological findings obtained using these animal models, focusing on the role of opioids systems, corticotropin‐release hormone and neurokinins, followed by dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmissions in alcohol seeking behavior.image
Expression and significance of microRNA‐126 and VCAM‐1 in placental tissues of women with early‐onset preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Beibei , Liu Ling , Cui Shihong , Qi Yue , Wang Tiantian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the expression of microRNA‐126 (miR‐126) and vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) in the placental tissues of women with early‐onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and their effects on trophoblast invasion.Materials and MethodsThe placental tissues of 30 pregnant women with EOPE who delivered in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from November 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the preeclampsia (PE) group, and the placental tissues of 30 healthy pregnant women with normal prenatal examination were selected as the normal group. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize VCAM‐1 in placental tissues，the expression of miR‐126 and VCAM‐1 in placenta tissues of two groups and HTR‐8/SVneo cells transfected with miR‐126 were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blot, and the correlation between them was analyzed. The invasion ability of cells transfected with miR‐126 was observed by Transwell invasion test.ResultsCompared with the normal group, the expression of miR‐126 was higher and VCAM‐1 was lower in the placental tissues of the PE group, and the difference were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Moreover, VCAM‐1 was negatively correlated with the expression of miR‐126 (r = −0.391, p < 0.05). In vitro experiment, the expression level of VCAM‐1 in miR‐126 mimics transfection group was decreased, and the expression level of VCAM‐1 in miR‐126 inhibitor transfection group was increased; the invasion ability of HTR‐8/SVneo cells transfected with miR‐126 mimics was decreased, and the invasion ability of HTR‐8/SVneo cells transfected with miR‐126 inhibitor was enhanced.ConclusionThere was a negative correlation between the expression of miR‐126 and VCAM‐1 in EOPE.MiR‐126 and VCAM‐1 may participate in the occurrence and development of EOPE by affecting the invasion ability of trophoblast cells.
Educational and Type of Day Differences in Mothers' Time Availability for Child Care and Housework
Authors: Gupta Sanjiv , Sayer Liana C. , Pearlman Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe authors analyzed variation by education and type of day in the “time availability” association between U.S. mothers' paid work hours and housework and child care, types of work that vary by their urgency, affect, and symbolic meaning.BackgroundResearch shows a stronger negative association of women's work hours with housework than child care, and interprets this as evidence to show mothers prioritize child care over housework. The authors extend this work by determining if associations of work hours with partnered mothers' housework and child care differ by college education and type of day.MethodThe authors used ordinary least squares regression on weekend and weekday time diaries of partnered mothers aged 18–65 (N = 22,816) from the 2003–2018 American Time Use Survey (
https://timeuse.ipums.org/).ResultsAuthors found negative associations of mothers' work hours with weekday housework and child care. They found a negative association of college degrees with weekday housework but a positive association with child care that attenuates at longer work hours. The negative work hour association, and the education gap in predicted child care time, persisted on weekends. Work hour and education associations with weekend housework were positive, and the education gap widened at longer work hours.ConclusionThe “time availability” constraint of employment hours applies to child care and housework, even among mothers with college degrees. Education differences in unpaid work, particularly child care, are most evident on weekends.
Cortisol levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among patients with and without peri‐implantitis
Authors: Alresayes Saad , Al‐Askar Mansour , Mokeem Sameer A , Javed Fawad , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCortisol levels remain uninvestigated in peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) of patients with and without peri‐implantitis. The present investigation investigated levels of cortisol in PISF among controls (individuals without peri‐implantitis) and patients with peri‐implantitis.MethodsThe patient population comprised of participants with and without peri‐implantitis (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Demographic information and data related to implant characteristics was recorded. Peri‐implant radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) and clinical (modified plaque and bleeding on probing indices [PI and BOP], and probing depth [PD]) and parameters were assessed. In all patients, levels of cortisol were measured in the PISF, which was collected using standard methods. Data normality and group comparisons were assessed, and multiple logistic regression was performed. Probability values less than 0.01 were nominated as being significant.ResultsEighty‐eight individuals (44 and 44 in groups 1 and 2, correspondingly) were included. In group 1, 24 and 20 participants were males and females, and there were 22 and 22 males and females in group 2. Mean ages were analogous in both groups. Peri‐implant BOP (p < .001); CBL (p < .001); PI (p < .001); and PD (p < .001) were higher among patients in group 1 compared with group 2. The volume of PISF (p < .001) collected and its concentrations of cortisol (p < .001) were significantly higher among patients in group 1 compared with group 2. Regression analysis showed that CBL and PD directly correlated with increased PISF levels of cortisol among participants with peri‐implantitis.ConclusionWithin the limits of the present study, it remains debatable whether or not PISF cortisol levels vary among patients with and without peri‐implantitis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of PISF levels of cortisol in the diagnosis of peri‐implantitis.
Worlds without nation‐states: Five scenarios for the very long term
Authors: Wimmer Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article develops five scenarios of how human society could be politically organized in 300 years, after nation‐states have dissolved and nationalism as their foundational ideology has dissipated. The scenarios are based on sociological theories on how functional integration and differentiation shape the evolution of modern societies. All scenarios therefore assume that the basic characteristics of modernity will persist and explore only a small area of the theoretically infinite space of long‐term futures. Also for the sake of manageability, the author envisions only one technological and economic basis for future political developments, which in turn will be constrained by the need to fulfil three basic functions: to provide public goods, collective defence and a political decision‐making mechanism. The five scenarios differ, however, in whether these functions are assumed by states, how large these will be and whether their boundaries align with cultural difference. The author thus arrives at an anarchic scenario without any states, a scenario with a thousand or more mini‐states based on shared cultural identities, an imperial scenario with a few states each claiming to represent an entire civilization, a world with culturally heterogenous and highly efficient Continental states and finally a world state.
Plant‐centred sampling estimates higher beta diversity of interactions than pollinator‐based sampling across habitats
Authors: Souza Camila S. , Maruyama Pietro K. , Santos Karen C. B. S. , Varassin Isabela G. , Gross Caroline L. , Araujo Andréa C. 
Published: March 2021

Summary

When describing plant–animal interaction networks, sampling can be performed using plant‐ or animal‐centred approaches. Despite known effects of sampling on network structure, how samplings affect the estimates of interaction β‐diversity across networks is still unresolved.

We investigated how the sampling method affects the assessment of β‐diversity of interactions, turnover and rewiring. We contrasted plant‐ and animal‐centred sampling methods applied to pollination networks across habitats in a heterogeneous tropical landscape, the Pantanal Wetlands. We also asked whether plant traits influence the difference in interaction specialization according to sampling.

Plant‐centred networks resulted in higher β‐diversity of interactions in space than animal‐centred networks. Turnover explained most of the β‐diversity in both methods, but rewiring was proportionately more important when using the animal‐centred method. While the plant‐centred method indicated lower network modularity and specialization, floral traits modulated the effects of the sampling method on species‐level network metrics.

Combining animal‐ and plant‐centred approaches returned intermediate values for β‐diversity of interactions and network metrics. Distinct methods may also be better suited for answering questions at different scales. Our results point out that the method choice, or combination of methods, should always reflect the appropriate scale of the factors determining the interactions being investigated.
Genome‐wide association studies of exacerbations in children using long‐acting beta2‐agonists
Authors: Slob Elise M. A. , Richards Levi B. , Vijverberg Susanne J. H. , Longo Cristina , Koppelman Gerard H. , Pijnenburg Mariëlle W. H. , Bel Elisabeth H. D. , Neerincx Anne H. , Herrera Luis Esther , Perez‐Garcia Javier , Tim Chew Fook , Yie Sio Yang , Andiappan Anand K. , Turner Steve W. , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Palmer Colin N. A. , Hawcutt Daniel , Jorgensen Andrea L. , Burchard Esteban G. , Hernandez‐Pacheco Natalia , Pino‐Yanes Maria , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSome children with asthma experience exacerbations despite long‐acting beta2‐agonist (LABA) treatment. While this variability is partly caused by genetic variation, no genome‐wide study until now has investigated which genetic factors associated with risk of exacerbations despite LABA use in children with asthma. We aimed to assess whether genetic variation was associated with exacerbations in children treated with LABA from a global consortium.MethodsA meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies (meta‐GWAS) was performed in 1,425 children and young adults with asthma (age 6‐21 years) with reported regular use of LABA from six studies within the PiCA consortium using a random effects model. The primary outcome of each study was defined as any exacerbation within the past 6 or 12 months, including at least one of the following: 1) hospital admissions for asthma, 2) a course of oral corticosteroids or 3) emergency room visits because of asthma.ResultsGenome‐wide association results for a total of 82 996 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, MAF ≥1%) with high imputation quality were meta‐analysed. Eight independent variants were suggestively (P‐value threshold ≤5 × 10−6) associated with exacerbations despite LABA use.ConclusionNo strong effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on exacerbations during LABA use were identified. We identified two loci (TBX3 and EPHA7) that were previously implicated in the response to short‐acting beta2‐agonists (SABA). These loci merit further investigation in response to LABA and SABA use.