bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the percentage of European MSM eligible for PrEP: insights from a bio-behavioural survey in thirteen cities
Authors: Cordioli Maddalena , Gios Lorenzo , Huber Jörg W , Sherriff Nigel , Folch Cinta , Alexiev Ivailo , Dias Sónia , Nöstlinger Christiana , Gama Ana , Naseva Emilia , Valkovičová Staneková Danica , Marcus Ulrich , Schink Susanne Barbara , Rosinska Magdalena , Blondeel Karel , Toskin Igor , Mirandola Massimo 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThis paper aims to estimate the percentage of European men who have sex with men (MSM) who may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), applying the three most widely used HIV risk indices for MSM (MSM Risk Index, Menza score, San Diego Early Test (SDET) score) and drawing on a large-scale multisite bio-behavioural survey (Sialon II).MethodsThe Sialon II study was a bio-behavioural survey among MSM implemented in 13 European cities using either time-location sampling or respondent-driven sampling. Biological and behavioural data from 4901 MSM were collected. Only behavioural data of HIV-negative individuals were considered. Three widely used risk indices to assess HIV acquisition risk among MSM were used to estimate individual HIV risk scores and PrEP eligibility criteria.Results4219 HIV-negative MSM were considered. Regardless the HIV risk score used and the city, percentages of MSM eligible for PrEP were found to range between 5.19% and 73.84%. Overall, the MSM Risk Index and the Menza score yielded broadly similar percentages, whereas the SDET Index provided estimates constantly lower across all cities. Although all the three scores correlated positively (r>0.6), their concordance was highly variable (0.01<CCC<0.62).ConclusionOur findings showed the impact of different scoring systems on the estimation of the percentage of MSM who may benefit from PrEP in European cities. Although our primary aim was not to compare the performance of different HIV risk scores, data show that a considerable percentage of MSM in each city should be offered PrEP in order to reduce HIV infections. As PrEP is highly effective at preventing HIV among MSM, our findings provide useful, practical guidance for stakeholders in implementing PrEP at city level to tackle HIV infections in Europe.
Multiomics Characterization of Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Identifies Potential Biomarkers of MEK Inhibitor Sensitivity and Therapeutic Vulnerability
Authors: Shrestha Raunak , Llaurado Fernandez Marta , Dawson Amy , Hoenisch Joshua , Volik Stanislav , Lin Yen-Yi , Anderson Shawn , Kim Hannah , Haegert Anne M. , Colborne Shane , Wong Nelson K.Y. , McConeghy Brian , Bell Robert H. , Brahmbhatt Sonal , Lee Cheng-Han , DiMattia Gabriel E. , Le Bihan Stephane , Morin Gregg B. , Collins Colin C. , Carey Mark S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a rare tumor subtype with high case fatality rates in patients with metastatic disease. There is a pressing need to develop effective treatments using newly available preclinical models for therapeutic discovery and drug evaluation. Here, we use multiomics integration of whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry–based proteomics on 14 LGSOC cell lines to elucidate novel biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Comparison of LGSOC cell line data with LGSOC tumor data enabled predictive biomarker identification of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) efficacy, with KRAS mutations found exclusively in MEKi-sensitive cell lines and NRAS mutations found mostly in MEKi-resistant cell lines. Distinct patterns of Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer mutational signatures were identified in MEKi-sensitive and MEKi-resistant cell lines. Deletions of CDKN2A/B and MTAP genes were more frequent in cell lines than tumor samples and possibly represent key driver events in the absence of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations. These LGSOC cell lines were representative models of the molecular aberrations found in LGSOC tumors. For prediction of in vitro MEKi efficacy, proteomic data provided better discrimination than gene expression data. Condensin, minichromosome maintenance, and replication factor C protein complexes were identified as potential treatment targets in MEKi-resistant cell lines. This study suggests that CDKN2A/B or MTAP deficiency may be exploited using synthetically lethal treatment strategies, highlighting the importance of using proteomic data as a tool for molecular drug prediction. Multiomics approaches are crucial to improving our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of LGSOC and applying this information to develop new therapies.

Significance:
These findings highlight the utility of global multiomics to characterize LGSOC cell lines as research models, to determine biomarkers of MEKi resistance, and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets.
Cancer and COVID-19: On the Quest for Effective Vaccines
Authors: Kwok Marwan , Fritsch Edward F. , Wu Catherine J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Summary:
Cancer vaccine development has been historically fraught with difficulty, but tremendous progress has been made over the past 5 years. In this In Focus article, we reflect on the progress and challenges with vaccine development for cancers in general and for hematologic malignancies in particular, and suggest how our cancer vaccine experience can offer insight into COVID-19 vaccination.
ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ ВИГОРАННЯ СЕРЕД МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ: ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: Kavetska N. A. , Andreychyn S. M. , Yarema N. Z. 
Published: January 2021

У статті показано особливості професійного вигорання у медичних працівників. У літературі ця проблема вивчена недостатньо, є мало даних про вивчення придатності людей до медичних професій з точки зору їх психологічних особливостей, тим більше мало рекомендацій щодо адаптації до професійної діяльності. Досить детально індивідуальні психологічні особливості людей досліджено в рамках теорії К. Юнга, який перший стверджував, що мислення і поведінка людини безпосередньо залежать від структури її психіки. У подальшому його вчення розвинули послідовники, які виділили 16 психологічних типів за спільністю процесів сприйняття і обробки інформації, мислення, поведінки. Психотип – це інтегральне поняття, яке визначає психологічні особливості взаємодії індивіда з навколишнім середовищем. В основі юнгівських психотипів лягли такі властивості вищої нервової діяльності, як темперамент, швидкість процесів збудження і гальмування, у структурі психотипів взята за основу модель психіки З. Фрейда (свідоме і підсвідоме).
Ми зробили спробу розподілити основні професійні компетентності лікаря й медсестри за юнгівськими функціями, такими, як: інтуїція, сенсорика, логіка, етика. Встановлено, що у професійній діяльності медичних працівників несуть навантаження усі юнгівські функції. З точки зору вищенаведеної теорії, слід припустити, що саме тривале навантаження на слабкі функції в практичній діяльності медичного працівника веде до швидкого їх виснаження.
Отже, застосування типологічного підходу, що ґрунтується на теорії Юнга, дало б можливість як конкретизувати підходи до набуття професійних компетентностей медичними працівниками з урахуванням їх індивідуальних особливостей, так і окреслити заходи профілактики розвитку професійного вигорання.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ І. Я. ГОРБАЧЕВСЬКОГО МОЗ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Korda M. M. , Chornomydz A. V. , Shulhai A. H. , Mashtalir A. I. 
Published: January 2021

Сьогодні в Тернопільському національному медичному університеті імені І. Я. Горбачевського Міністерства охорони здоров’я України функціонує 5-рівнева система внутрішнього забезпечення якості вищої освіти, яка побудована на основі «Стандартів і рекомендацій щодо забезпечення якості в Європейському просторі вищої освіти» із залученням у систему всіх учасників освітнього процесу та розподілом функцій між різними структурними одиницями системи (децентралізація функцій). У статті описано, як функціонує кожен рівень системи та як взаємопов’язані всі структурні елементи системи внутрішнього забезпечення якості вищої освіти в університеті.
Описана система внутрішнього забезпечення якості вищої освіти Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України є досить функціональною та дієвою, що дозволяє охопити всіх учасників освітнього процесу під єдиною парадигмою забезпечення якості освіти.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ МЕТОДІВ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ ЛІКАРІВ У ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ І. Я. ГОРБАЧЕВСЬКОГО МОЗ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ КАРАНТИНУ
Authors: Posolenyk L. Ya. , Vydoinyk O. Ya. 
Published: January 2021

У статті висвітлено досвід використання освітніх платформ навчання Moodle та Microsoft Teams для проведення практичного онлайн-заняття й оцінено ефективність інтерактивної інноваційної технології «круглий стіл» у формуванні професійних та комунікативних компетентностей у майбутніх медичних працівників у ТНМУ імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України.
Дистанційне навчання у ТНМУ імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України через освітню дистанційну платформу Microsoft Teams на сьогодні є складовою освітнього процесу й забезпечує навчання у найбільш зручному місці та часі, надає доступ до електронних баз знань. Інтерактивна технологія навчання – це така організація навчального процесу, за якої неможлива неучасть студента в колективному взаємодоповнювальному, заснованому на взаємодії всіх його учасників процесі навчання, зокрема й під час вимушеного, внаслідок карантину. При цьому такі форма і засоби навчання вимагають від викладача вдосконалення викладання як за змістом, так і за його формою й оволодіння сучасними засобами та методами навчання і, водночас, забезпечують виконання навчального навантаження.
Ефективне поєднання інтерактивних методів навчання та систем електронних освітніх платформ протягом дистанційного навчання дозволяє забезпечити максимальне здобуття студентом практичних знань й умінь, розвинути його комунікативні компетентності, забезпечує високий рівень клінічного мислення, полегшить поєднання теоретичних знань з практичною діяльністю після закінчення карантинних обмежень і може бути рекомендованим для широкого впровадження в навчальний процес у закладах вищої освіти та безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів через запровадження доступних слухачам освітніх платформ із широким використанням наявних WEB-ресурсів.
Seeing Double(s)
Authors: D’Alconzo Nicolò 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article considers the Lucianic Erôtes a receptor of Greek novels and focusses on Chariton’s Callirhoe as hypotext. It argues that Chariton’s construction of Callirhoe as a double of Aphrodite, and the plot that this predicament generates, are central to the presentation of the statue of Aphrodite in the Erôtes. This is revealed by consistent verbal echoes and by the re-enactment of memorable scenes in the novel. The Erôtes emerges as an important document for the early reception of Greek novels, and its author as an attentive reader of them.
Seasonal Variation of the Westerly Jet over Asia in the Last Glacial Maximum: Role of the Tibetan Plateau Heating
Authors: Lei Jing , Shi Zhengguo , Xie Xiaoning , Sha Yingying , Li Xinzhou , Liu Xiaodong , An Zhisheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe westerly jet (WJ) is an important component of atmospheric circulation, which is characterized by prominent seasonal variations in intensity and position. However, the response of the WJ over Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is still not clear. Using general circulation model experiments, the seasonal behaviors of the WJ over central Asia and Japan are analyzed in this paper. The results show that, compared to the present day (PD), the WJ presents a complicated response during the LGM, both in intensity and position. Over central Asia, it becomes weaker in both summer and winter. But over Japan, it is enhanced in summer but becomes diminished in winter. In terms of position, the WJ over central Asia shifts southward in both summer and winter, whereas the WJ over Japan moves southward in summer but does not change obviously relative to PD in winter. Such WJ changes are well explained by meridional temperature gradients in high troposphere, which is closely linked to seasonal thermal anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Despite cooler LGM conditions, the anomalous warming center over the TP becomes stronger in summer. Derived from the heat budget equation, the stronger heating center is mainly caused by the weaker adiabatic cooling generated from ascending motion over the area south of the TP. In winter, the cooling over the TP is also strengthened, mostly owing to the subsidence-induced weaker adiabatic heating. Due to the importance of the WJ, the potential role of TP thermal effects should be a focus when explaining the East Asian climate change during the LGM.
Efficiency of Time Series Homogenization: Method Comparison with 12 Monthly Temperature Test Datasets
Authors: Domonkos Peter , Guijarro José A. , Venema Victor , Brunet Manola , Sigró Javier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of time series homogenization is to remove nonclimatic effects, such as changes in station location, instrumentation, observation practices, and so on, from observed data. Statistical homogenization usually reduces the nonclimatic effects but does not remove them completely. In the Spanish “MULTITEST” project, the efficiencies of automatic homogenization methods were tested on large benchmark datasets of a wide range of statistical properties. In this study, test results for nine versions, based on five homogenization methods—the adapted Caussinus-Mestre algorithm for the homogenization of networks of climatic time series (ACMANT), “Climatol,” multiple analysis of series for homogenization (MASH), the pairwise homogenization algorithm (PHA), and “RHtests”—are presented and evaluated. The tests were executed with 12 synthetic/surrogate monthly temperature test datasets containing 100–500 networks with 5–40 time series in each. Residual centered root-mean-square errors and residual trend biases were calculated both for individual station series and for network mean series. The results show that a larger fraction of the nonclimatic biases can be removed from station series than from network-mean series. The largest error reduction is found for the long-term linear trends of individual time series in datasets with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), where the mean residual error is only 14%–36% of the raw data error. When the SNR is low, most of the results still indicate error reductions, although with smaller ratios than for large SNR. In general, ACMANT gave the most accurate homogenization results. In the accuracy of individual time series ACMANT is closely followed by Climatol, and for the accurate calculation of mean climatic trends over large geographical regions both PHA and ACMANT are recommended.
Enhanced Tropical Eastern Indian Ocean Rainfall Breaks Down the Tropical Easterly Jet–Indian Rainfall Relationship
Authors: Huang Sihua , Wang Bin , Wen Zhiping , Chen Zesheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious studies found a tight connection between the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). Here we show that the TEJ–ISMR relationship is nonstationary and breaks down from 1994 to 2003 (epoch P2), in contrast to the significant positive correlation during epochs P1 (1979–93) and P3 (2004–16). The breakdown of the TEJ–ISMR relationship concurs with the increased rainfall variability over the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (TEIO). The enhanced TEIO rainfall anomalies excite a significant lower-level cyclonic circulation that reduces the ISMR and meanwhile strengthen the upper-level divergence and excite a pair of upper-level anticyclones to the west of the TEIO as Rossby wave responses, both accelerating the TEJ. Thus, the TEIO rainfall plays a more important role than the ISMR in TEJ variability during P2, causing the breakdown of the TEJ–ISMR relationship. In contrast, a relatively weak amplitude of the TEIO rainfall during P1 and P3 was unable to change the positive TEJ–ISMR relationship. The changes in the TEIO rainfall variability are mainly attributed to the increased SST variability over the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean, but their cause remains elusive.
Climate Change Observations of Indigenous Communities in the Indian Himalaya
Authors: Negi Vikram S. , Thakur Shinny , Dhyani Rupesh , Bhatt Indra D. , Rawal Ranbeer S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMountains are important global sites for monitoring biological and socioecological responses to climate change, and the Himalaya has some of the world’s most rapid and visible signs of climate change. The increased frequency and severity of climate anomalies in the region are expected to significantly affect livelihoods of indigenous communities in the region. This study documents the perceptions of indigenous communities of climate change in the western Himalaya of India. The study highlights the power of knowledge and understanding available to indigenous people as they observe and respond to climate change impacts. We conducted a field-based study in 14 villages that represent diverse socioecological features along an altitudinal range of 1000–3800 m MSL in the western Himalaya. Among the sampled population, most of the respondents (>95%) agreed that climate is changing. However, people residing at low- and high-altitude villages differ significantly in their perception, with more people at high altitudes believing in an overall warming trend. Instrumental temperature and rainfall from nearby meteorological stations also supported the perception of local inhabitants. The climate change perceptions in the region were largely determined by sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, and income as well as altitude. A logistic regression, which exhibited significant association of sociodemographic characteristics with climate change perceptions, further supported these findings. The study concluded that the climate change observations of local communities can be usefully utilized to develop adaptation strategies and mitigation planning in the Himalayan region.
Complications and Sequelae in Patients With Congenital Microcephaly Associated With Zika Virus Infection: Two-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Gouvea Luane A. , Martins Marlos , Vivacqua Daniela , Rosseto Julia , Lima Giulia , Frota Ana Cristina , Abreu Thalita , Araujo Alexandra , Hofer Cristina Barroso 
Published: January 2021

Background: We aim to describe the long term follow-up of a cohort of children exposed in utero to the Zika virus. Methods: Descriptive study of a cohort of microcephalic children due to Zika virus. Logistic regression was used to evaluate variables associated with worse prognosis epilepsy. Results: We followed 28 children (15 females), with a median follow-up of 24 months (IQR = 12-28). During the follow-up, 1 infant died. The median head circumference at birth was 29 cm (IQR = 27-31). All presented a global developmental delay. The most frequent central nervous system abnormalities were on cortical development in 22 participants; dysgenesis of corpus callosum in 13; ventriculomegaly in 25; and calcifications in 24. A total of 9 presented ocular abnormalities, 4 auditory impairment. During follow-up, 12 presented with sleep disorders, 10 with irritability, and 23 with epilepsy (2 with generalized tonic-clonic, 3 with generalized tonic-clonic and spasms, 12 with spasms, 3 tonic and spasms, and 3 motor focal and spasms). The median age at the begin of the epilepsy was 4 months (IQR = 2-10), the median number of drugs used to control the epilepsy was 2 (IQR = 2-3). Maternal illicit drug use during pregnancy was associated with worse prognosis epilepsy (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, West syndrome, or status epilepticus). A total of 19 presented with dysphagia, 10 children required gastrostomy. Conclusion: Children with microcephaly due to Zika virus presented with several complications during follow-up, as epilepsy, spastic diplegia, and global developmental delay.
Built Environment and Self-Rated Health: Comparing Young, Middle-Aged, and Older People in Chengdu, China
Authors: Lyu Yingying , Forsyth Ann , Worthington Steven 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This article explores how the building-scale built environment is associated with self-rated health, examining differences in this association among younger, middle-aged, and older age groups. Features examined included building type, building condition, and sidewalk presence in front of dwellings. Background: Understanding how the relationships between built environments and health vary across age groups helps to build a healthy environment for all. However, most studies have concentrated on the neighborhood or indoor environment, rather than whole buildings, and few have compared age groups. Methods: This study analyzed survey data from 1,019 adults living in 40 neighborhoods in Chengdu, China, recruited through a clustered random sampling approach. It used a Bayesian logistic mixed-effects model with interaction terms between age-group indicators and other variables. Results: Significant differences exist in the relationships of self-rated health with some environmental and other indicators among age groups. For older people, living in multi-floor buildings, having a household smoker, and undertaking fewer hours of weekly exercise were associated with lower odds of reporting good, very good, or excellent health. These relationships were not identified among middle-aged and younger people. More education was associated with higher odds of reporting better health among older and middle-aged groups. Conclusions: Older people experience more health-related challenges compared to middle-aged and younger people. However, among the examined built environment factors, building type was the only significant factor related to self-rated health among older people. To promote health among older people, this study recommends adding elevators in the multi-floor buildings.
Total Ankle Arthroplasty Survivorship, Complication, and Revision Rates in Patients Younger Than 55 Years
Authors: Consul Devon W. , Chu Anson , Langan Travis M. , Hyer Christopher F. , Berlet Gregory 
Published: January 2021

Total ankle replacement has become a viable alternative to ankle arthrodesis in the surgical management of advanced ankle arthritis. Total ankle replacement has generally been reserved for patients who are older and for those who will have a lower demand on the replacement. The purpose of the current study is to review patient outcomes, complications, and implant survival in patients younger than 55 years who underwent total ankle replacement at a single institution. A single-center chart and radiographic review was performed of consecutive patients who underwent total ankle replacement for treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. All surgeries were performed by 1 of 5 fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons at a single institution. A total of 51 patients met inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up of 31.2 months (SD = 16.2). Implant survival was 94%, There were 7 major complications (13%) requiring an unplanned return to the operating room and 8 minor complications (15%) that resolved with conservative care. The results of this study show that total ankle replacement is a viable treatment option for patients younger than 55 years. Levels of Evidence: A retrospective case series