bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of Strong Mechanical–Mechanical Entanglement by Pump Modulation
Authors: Bai Cheng‐Hua , Wang Dong‐Yang , Zhang Shou , Liu Shutian , Wang Hong‐Fu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe implementation of strong quantum entanglement between two macroscopic mechanical oscillators is a longstanding pursued goal in fundamental research or applied science. Here, an effective scheme is proposed to generate strong mechanical–mechanical entanglement in a double‐oscillator optomechanical system via only introducing the sole amplitude‐modulated pattern into the pump field instead without the requirement of any extra techniques. Based on two mechanical oscillators with identical or different frequencies, a specific kind of amplitude‐modulated pump field is respectively designed, which successfully manipulates the mechanical oscillators into the highly entangled two‐mode squeezed state. The maximum value of the logarithmic negativity that quantifies the generated entanglement reaches about 9 ebits in the appropriate parameter regime, which greatly surpasses the bound 1 ebits on the maximal stationary entanglement from the two‐mode parametric interaction. Moreover, the obtained entanglement can be detected via resorting to an ancillary cavity mode with homodyne detection technique. Compared with the previous congeneric schemes, this scheme involves fewer modulation techniques and may provide a new perspective to effectively manipulate the mechanical quantum states in optomechanical systems utilizing the time‐dependent modulation.
Evaluation of 1‐Hexadecylbenzimidazole as a Corrosion Inhibitor on Low Carbon Steel 15 % HCl Solution Interface
Authors: Odewunmi Nurudeen A. , Mazumder Mohammad A. J. , Ali Shaikh A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe performance of 1‐Hexadecylbenzimidazole (HDBI) as an effective corrosion inhibitor of low carbon steel (LCS) in 15 % HCl solution was evaluated with different electrochemical techniques and weight loss measurements. HDBI was a mixed‐type corrosion inhibitor with 50 mg L−1 concentration achieving a 97 % corrosion inhibition efficiency in 15 % HCl solution at 25 °C. The nature of adsorption of HDBI on LCS in the corrosive medium was predicted to be chemisorption, as revealed by the Langmuir isotherm model and the thermodynamic study. Weight loss measurements of 50 mg L−1 HDBI at a different temperature indicated the effectiveness of HDBI at elevated temperatures. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to ascertain the chemical state of the adsorbed HDBI on the LCS surface. The surface morphology analysis was investigated with a flame emission scanning electron microscope integrated with an energy dispersive spectrometer (FESEM‐EDX).
Construction of Polymeric Micelles for Improving Cancer Chemotherapy by Promoting the Production of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Self‐Accelerating Drug Release
Authors: Xu Caidie , Han Renlu , Liu Hongxin , Zhu Yabin , Zhang Jianfeng , Xu Long 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLots of efforts have been devoted to enhancing the antitumor efficacy of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive nanoscale drug delivery systems. Here, a ROS‐responsive amphiphilic polymer (mPEG‐b‐poly(thioacetal‐thioether), P2) with property of generation and self‐sustained high level of ROS, and a control material mPEG‐b‐poly(ester‐thioether) (P1) were constructed and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The two polymers could self‐assemble into micelles and the doxorubicin loading content of P1 and P2 micelles were 13.08 % and 13.51 %, respectively. The two polymers could self‐assemble into micelles and exhibit good DOX loading capacity. ROS‐responsiveness of P1 and P2 micelles was investigated by1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of in vitro ROS detection indicated that P2 micelles could ROS‐responsive release of cinnamaldehyde, and promote intracellular generation of ROS and maintain high level of ROS. DOX/P1 micelle shown comparable in vitro antitumor efficacy with DOX/P2 micelle, and a slightly lower IC50 value was due to DOX/P1 micelle has faster cell internalization, poorer micelle stability and integrality. Considering the stability of the nanoparticle circulation in vivo, the DOX/P2 micelle containing both thioether and thioacetal would be more suitable and could show better in vivo antitumor efficacy.
Recent Progress on the Synthesis of Chiral Sulfones
Authors: Huang Youming , Li Jinyao , Chen Hongyi , He Ze , Zeng Qingle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChiral sulfones extensively exist in drugs, agricultural chemicals, chiral organic intermediates, and functional materials. Their importance causes the rapid development of their synthetic methods in recent years. Many transition metal complex catalysts with chiral ligands and chiral organocatalysts are adopted in synthesis of chiral sulfones. Most of the methods to construct chiral sulfones are based on the reduction of unsaturated sulfones and the introduction of sulfone groups into unsaturated hydrocarbons. This review describes all classes of asymmetric reactions for synthesis of chiral sulfones.
The synergistic strategies for the immuno‐oncotherapy with photothermal nanoagents
Authors: Zhang Yuqian , Zhang Guofang , Wang Guocheng , Wu Lidong , Monteiro‐Riviere Nancy A. , Li Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmuno‐oncotherapy has shown great promise for the cure of late‐stage and metastatic cancer. Great efforts have tried to improve the overall response rate (ORR) and to reduce the immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Antigen presentation, T cell activation and killing are interlocking and distinct steps to initiate effective anti‐tumor immune responses. Aiming to overcome the tumor immune evasion whose mechanisms include limited release of neoantigen, suppressed infiltration of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, and the expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs), combinational therapeutic strategies have shown great potential by activating the anti‐tumor immune responses together with deactivating immunosuppressive conditions simultaneously. In this direction, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted attention due to the efficient ablation of tumor cells, of which the released immunogenic tumor debris can activate host immune responses. The combination of immunoadjuvants and/or ICP inhibitors can boost the anti‐tumor immune responses, realizing PTT‐synergized immuno‐oncotherapy. In this regard, numerous multifunctional nanomaterials have been designed with integration of photothermal and immuno‐oncotherapeutic agents into one package via well‐designed surface modification and functionalization. This review summarizes the recent studies on the synergistic strategies for the immuno‐oncotherapy based on photothermal nanoagents and the mechanisms that trigger the systemic anti‐tumor immune responses and PTT‐synergized immuno‐oncotherapy.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Symbol alphabets from plabic graphs II: rational letters
Authors: Mago J. , Schreiber A. , Spradlin M. , Srikant A. Yelleshpur , Volovich A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Symbol alphabets of n-particle amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory are known to contain certain cluster variables of G(4, n) as well as certain algebraic functions of cluster variables. The first paper arXiv:2007.00646 in this series focused on n = 8 algebraic letters. In this paper we show that it is possible to obtain all rational symbol letters (in fact all cluster variables) by solving matrix equations of the form C Z = 0 if one allows C to be an arbitrary cluster parameterization of the top cell of G+(n−4, n).
Therapeutic aspects of cell signaling and communication in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Starosta Alicja , Konieczny Patryk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating chromosome X-linked disease that manifests predominantly in progressive skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunctions in the heart and diaphragm. Approximately 1/5000 boys and 1/50,000,000 girls suffer from DMD, and to date, the disease is incurable and leads to premature death. This phenotypic severity is due to mutations in theDMDgene, which result in the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Initially, dystrophin was thought to be a force transducer; however, it is now considered an essential component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), viewed as a multicomponent mechanical scaffold and a signal transduction hub. Modulating signal pathway activation or gene expression through epigenetic modifications has emerged at the forefront of therapeutic approaches as either an adjunct or stand-alone strategy. In this review, we propose a broader perspective by considering DMD to be a disease that affects myofibers and muscle stem (satellite) cells, as well as a disorder in which abrogated communication between different cell types occurs. We believe that by taking this systemic view, we can achieve safe and holistic treatments that can restore correct signal transmission and gene expression in diseased DMD tissues.
Self-management of incontinence using a free mobile app: factors associated with improvement
Authors: Nyström Emma , Söderström Lars , Samuelsson Eva 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is first-line treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) in women. Self-management via a mobile app is a new cost-effective method for PFMT delivery. This study analyzes factors associated with improvement among app users.MethodsA pragmatic observational study in a community setting. Upon downloading the app Tät®, users answered questions regarding their age, education, residence, and UI symptoms. After 3 months, users answered follow-up questions regarding symptoms and frequency of training and app usage, and the validated Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) questionnaire. Only non-pregnant, non-postpartum adult women with UI who answered the PGI-I questionnaire were included. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze possible associations between these factors with any improvement and with great improvement according to the PGI-I. The models were adjusted for age.ResultsThe study included 2,153 participants who had completed self-management, that is, 11.5% of eligible women who completed the baseline questionnaire. Of these participants, 65.6% reported improvement of UI. Any improvement was associated with age, frequency of PFMT, and app use, accounting for 27.9% of variability (Nagelkerke R2). Lower incontinence severity, frequency of PFMT, and app use were associated with great improvement.ConclusionSelf-management of urinary incontinence is easily accessible to many women and improvement rates are comparable with other forms of PFMT. Demographic factors and incontinence severity showed no or incongruent association, whereas regular PFMT and app use predicted any and great improvement. App use showed an additional effect beyond frequency of training.
Unveiling the Dynamics of KRAS4b on Lipid Model Membranes
Authors: López Cesar A. , Agarwal Animesh , Van Que N. , Stephen Andrew G. , Gnanakaran S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSmall GTPase proteins are ubiquitous and responsible for regulating several processes related to cell growth and differentiation. Mutations that stabilize their active state can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer. Although these proteins are well characterized at the cellular scale, the molecular mechanisms governing their functions are still poorly understood. In addition, there is limited information about the regulatory function of the cell membrane which supports their activity. Thus, we have studied the dynamics and conformations of the farnesylated KRAS4b in various membrane model systems, ranging from binary fluid mixtures to heterogeneous raft mimics. Our approach combines long time-scale coarse-grained (CG) simulations and Markov state models to dissect the membrane-supported dynamics of KRAS4b. Our simulations reveal that protein dynamics is mainly modulated by the presence of anionic lipids and to some extent by the nucleotide state (activation) of the protein. In addition, our results suggest that both the farnesyl and the polybasic hypervariable region (HVR) are responsible for its preferential partitioning within the liquid-disordered (Ld) domains in membranes, potentially enhancing the formation of membrane-driven signaling platforms.Graphic Abstract
The Clinical Significance of Lymph Node Ratio and Ki‐67 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lindfors Helene , Ihre Lundgren Catharina , Zedenius Jan , Juhlin C. Christofer , Shabo Ivan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe N stage in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is an important prognostic factor based on anatomical localization of cervical lymph nodes (LNs) only and not the extent of lymphatic metastasis. In this retrospective study, the clinical significance of lymph node ratio (LNR) and tumor cell proliferation in relation to the conventional classification of PTC was explored.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PTC at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, during the years 2009–2011 were included. The LNR, defined as the number of metastatic LNs divided by the total number of LNs investigated, and the Ki‐67 index were analyzed in relation to clinical data.ResultsThe median number of LN removed was 16 with the following N stage distribution: N0 (26%), N1a (45%), and N1b (29%). A Ki‐67 index of ≥3% was significantly correlated with the presence of metastases and tumor recurrence with a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 80% (p = 0.015). Lymph node ratio ≥21% was related to tumor recurrence with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 70% (p = 0.006). Patients with LN metastases in the lateral cervical compartment only had significantly lower LNR (14.5%) compared to those with both central and lateral cervical metastases (39.5%) (p = 0.004) and exhibited no tumor recurrence. Increased Ki‐67 index was significantly related to LNR ≥21% (p = 0.023) but was not associated with N stage.ConclusionsThe Ki‐67 proliferation index and LNR may better reflect the malignant behavior of PTC compared to the anatomical classification of LN metastases solely.
Validity of Routinely Collected Swedish Data in the International Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Database
Authors: Xu Yin , Udumyan Ruzan , Fall Katja , Ljungqvist Olle , Montgomery Scott , Gustafsson Ulf O 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to assess patient coverage, validity and data quality in the Swedish part of the International Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Interactive Audit System (EIAS).MethodAll Swedish ERAS centers that recorded colorectal surgery data in EIAS between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017, were included (N = 12). Information registered in EIAS was compared with data from electronic medical records at each hospital to assess the overall coverage of EIAS. Twenty random‐selected patients from each of the contributing centers were assessed for accuracy for a set of clinically relevant variables. All patients admitted to the contributing centers were included for the assessment of rate of missing on a selection of key clinical variables.ResultsEight hospitals provided complete information for the evaluation, while four hospitals only allowed assessment of coverage and missing data. The eight hospitals had an overall coverage of 98.8% in EIAS (n = 1301) and the four 86.7% (n = 811). The average agreement for the assessed postoperative outcome variables was 96.5%. The accuracy was excellent for ‘length of hospital stay,’ ‘reoperation,’ and ‘any complications,’ but lower for other types of complications. Only a few variables had more than 5% missing data, and missingness was associated with hospital type and size.ConclusionThis validation of the Swedish part of the international ERAS database suggests high patient coverage in EIAS and high agreement and limited missingness in clinically relevant variables. This validation approach or a modified version can be used for continued validation of the International ERAS database.
When the state does not play dice: aggressive audit strategies foster tax compliance
Authors: Mittone Luigi , Ploner Matteo , Verrina Eugenio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe experimentally test the effect of aggressive audit strategies on tax compliance. Taxpayers first go through a phase of audits managed by a human tax agent who is requested to follow a rule imposed by a fair random device. However, the tax agent can freely decide to break the rule and over-inspect. Afterward, taxpayers are exposed to a genuinely random audit process governed by an algorithm, which makes compliance a strategically dominated option. We find that taxpayers are generally over-inspected by the human tax agents and react to this with nearly full compliance. Our main result is that these high levels of compliance also persist when controls are implemented by the algorithm. This suggests that tax authorities can use aggressive audit strategies to raise and sustain tax compliance.
Empfehlungspapier für das körperliche Gruppentraining zur Sturzprävention bei älteren, zu Hause lebenden Menschen
Authors:   die Bundesinitiative Sturzprävention, Jansen Carl-Philipp , Gross Michaela , Kramer-Gmeiner Franziska , Blessing Ute , Becker Clemens , Schwenk Michael 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt eine Aktualisierung des Empfehlungspapiers der Bundesinitiative Sturzprävention für das körperliche Gruppentraining zur Sturzprävention bei älteren, zu Hause lebenden Menschen aus dem Jahre 2009 unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Evidenz dar. Das aktualisierte Empfehlungspapier zielt darauf ab, die Umsetzung ambulanter Sturzpräventionsgruppen zu fördern sowie konkrete Empfehlungen für deren Einrichtung und Durchführung auszusprechen. Die Empfehlungen beziehen sich auf die Identifikation und Ansprache der Zielgruppe für gruppenbasierte Sturzpräventionsprogramme sowie auf die Programmgestaltung und Qualitätssicherung. Hintergründe zu Finanzierung und Trainer*innen-Ausbildung werden samt einer Auflistung der in Deutschland etablierten Programme ebenfalls dargelegt.
First-line durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: CASPIAN Japan subgroup analysis
Authors: Hotta Katsuyuki , Nishio Makoto , Saito Haruhiro , Okamoto Isamu , Nakahara Yasuharu , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Hayama Manabu , Laud Peter , Jiang Haiyi , Paz-Ares Luis , Azuma Koichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In the phase 3 CASPIAN study (NCT03043872), first-line durvalumab plus etoposide and cisplatin or carboplatin (EP) significantly improved OS versus EP alone in patients with extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.59–0.91; p = 0.0047]). Here we report results for a preplanned subgroup analysis of patients recruited in Japan.

Methods
Treatment-naïve patients with ES-SCLC received either 4 cycles of durvalumab 1500 mg plus EP q3w followed by maintenance durvalumab 1500 mg q4w until disease progression or up to 6 cycles of EP q3w. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), safety, and tolerability.

Results
In the Japan subgroup, 18 patients were randomized to durvalumab plus EP and 16 patients to EP. At the interim analysis with a median follow-up of 12.5 months in the subgroup, OS numerically favored durvalumab plus EP versus EP (HR 0.77 [95% CI 0.26‒2.26]; median not reached vs 15.2 months). PFS was similar for durvalumab plus EP versus EP (HR 0.90 [95% CI 0.43‒1.89]). Confirmed ORR was 89% with durvalumab plus EP versus 69% with EP. Adverse events (AEs) of CTCAE grade 3 or 4 were reported in 78% versus 94% of patients in the durvalumab plus EP versus EP arms. There were no AEs leading to treatment discontinuation or death in the Japan subgroup.

Conclusion
First-line durvalumab plus EP was effective and well tolerated in Japanese patients with ES-SCLC. Despite the small size of the Japan subgroup, results were generally consistent with the global study population.
Potential host ranges of three Asian larval parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Daane Kent M. , Wang Xingeng , Hogg Brian N. , Biondi Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAsobara japonica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ganaspis brasiliensis and Leptopilina japonica (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) are Asian larval parasitoids of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). This study evaluated these parasitoids’ capacity to attack and develop from 24 non-target drosophilid species. Results showed that all three parasitoids were able to parasitize host larvae of multiple non-target species in artificial diet; A. japonica developed from 19 tested host species, regardless of the phylogenetic position of the host species, L. japonica developed from 11 tested species; and G. brasiliensis developed from only four of the exposed species. Success rate of parasitism (i.e., the probability that an adult wasp successfully emerged from a parasitized host) by the two figitid parasitoids was low in hosts other than the three species in the melanogaster group (D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. suzukii). The failure of the figitids to develop in most of the tested host species appears to correspond with more frequent encapsulation of the parasitoids by the hosts. The results indicate that G. brasiliensis is the most host specific to D. suzukii, L. japonica attacks mainly species in the melanogaster group and A. japonica is a generalist, at least physiologically. Overall, the developmental time of the parasitoids increased with the host’s developmental time. The body size of female A. japonica (as a model species) was positively related to host size, and mature egg load of female wasps increased with female body size. We discuss the use of these parasitoids for classical biological control of D. suzukii.
Benchmarking the software packages to model and assess the seismic response of unreinforced masonry existing buildings through nonlinear static analyses
Authors: Cattari Serena , Magenes Guido 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeismic modelling of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is addressed worldwide according to different approaches, not only at research level, but also in the current engineering practice. The analysts have so many different possible choices in interpreting the response of the examined structure and in transferring them into the model for the assessment that the achievable results may turn out in a huge scattering, as also testified by various comparative studies already available in the literature. Within this context, this paper is an overview of a wide research activity addressed to the benchmarking of software packages for the modelling and seismic assessment through nonlinear static analyses of URM buildings. The activity conveyed the effort of many experts from various Italian universities and was funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection within the context of the ReLUIS projects. The main objective of the research is the critical analysis and the systematic comparison of the results obtained by using several modelling approaches and software package tools on selected benchmark examples in order to provide a useful and qualified reference to the engineering and scientific community. To this aim, different benchmark examples—of increasing complexity, ranging from the single panel to 3D existing buildings—have been specifically designed. While other papers from the teams involved in the research project delve on the specific results achieved on each of these case studies, this paper illustrates an overview on such benchmark structures, their purpose and the standardized criteria adopted to compare the results. Moreover, the whole set of benchmark case-studies is made available in this paper through their detailed input data allowing to be replicated also by other researchers and analysts.