bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Diffusion Tensor Image Processing Pipeline for Archived Studies of Patients With Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Song Ruitian , Glass John O. , Reddick Wilburn E. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundIn archived diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies, a reversed‐phase encoding (PE) scan required to correct the distortion in single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (EPI) may not have been acquired. Furthermore, DTI tractography is adversely affected by incorrect white matter segmentation due to leukoencephalopathy (LE). All these issues need to be addressed.PurposeTo propose and evaluate a modified DTI processing pipeline with DIstortion COrrection using pseudo T2‐weighted images (DICOT) to overcome limitations in existing acquisition protocols.Study TypeRetrospective feasibility.SubjectsDICOT was assessed in simulated data and 84 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with reversed PE acquired. The pipeline was then tested in 522 scans from 261 ALL patients without a reversed PE acquired.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; diffusion‐weighted EPI; 3D magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE).Statistical TestsRepeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were performed to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) values obtained by different methods.AssessmentFA and corresponding absolute error maps were obtained using TOPUP, DICOT, INVERSION (Inverse contrast Normalization for VERy Simple registratION) and NO CORR (no correction). Each method was assessed by comparing to TOPUP. The pipeline in the ALL patients was evaluated based on the failure rate of the distortion correction using the global correlation values.ResultsUsing DICOT reduced the mean absolute errors by an average of 32% in FA in simulation datasets. In 84 patients, the error reductions were approximately 15% in FA with DICOT, while it was 5% with INVERSION. No significant differences between the TOPUP and DICOT were observed in FA with P = 0.090/0.894(AP/PA). Only 15 of 516 examinations requiring any additional manual intervention.ConclusionThis modified pipeline produced better results than the INVERSION. Furthermore, robust performance was demonstrated in archived patient scans acquired without an inverse PE necessary for TOPUP correction.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Predicting Raman line shapes from amorphous silicon clusters for estimating short‐range order
Authors: Rani Chanchal , Tanwar Manushree , Kandpal Suchita , Ghosh Tanushree , Pathak Devesh K. , Chaudhary Anjali , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA theoretical model obtained based on direct matrix method and bond polarization model (DMM‐BPM) has been used to predict Raman scattering line shape for amorphous silicon (a‐Si). These line shapes can describe the observed nonunique peak position from these a‐Si crystallites, unlike crystalline Si, that varies between 470 and 485 cm−1. The model has been validated using three different sets of Raman scattering data by fitting it with the proposed model. The Raman spectra are obtained from a‐Si samples prepared by three different methods by three different research groups reported earlier. Clear consonance with the experimentally observed and theoretical Raman line shape was obtained. The model has also been used to estimate the distance up to which the crystallinity remains intact in a‐Si. The used model has been compared with the existing phonon confinement model, and a discrepancy (in the latter) therein has been discussed. Rationale behind adopting this model has been explained using the constraints related to the Raman selection rule, their relaxation, or breakdown in appropriate materials' regimes. A handy empirical relation between Raman peak position and amorphous cluster size has been proposed.
New pectic polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis tangshen: structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activities
Authors: Zou Yuan‐Feng , Zhang Yan‐Yun , Paulsen Berit S , Rise Frode , Chen Zheng‐Li , Jia Ren‐Yong , Li Li‐Xia , Song Xu , Feng Bin , Tang Hua‐Qiao , Huang Chao , Ye Gang , Yin Zhong‐Qiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCodonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis tangshen are plants widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Two pectic polysaccharides from the roots of C. pilosula and C. tangshen named as CPP‐1 and CTP‐1 were obtained by boiling water extraction and column chromatography.RESULTSThe core structures of both CPP‐1 and CTP‐1 comprise the long homogalacturonan region (HG) as the backbone and the rhamnogalacturonan I (RG‐I) region as the side chains. CPP‐1 has methyl esterified galacturonic acid units and a slightly lower molecular weight than CTP‐1. Biological testing suggested that CPP‐1 and CTP‐1 can protect IPEC‐J2 cells against the H2O2‐induced oxidative stress by up‐regulating nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 and related genes in IPEC‐J2 cells. The different antioxidative activities of polysaccharides from different source of C. pilosula may be result of differences in their structures.CONCLUSIONAll of the results indicated that pectic polysaccharides CPP‐1 and CTP‐1 from different species of C. pilosula roots could be used as a potential natural antioxidant source. These findings will be valuable for further studies and new applications of pectin‐containing health products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multi‐criteria decision‐making approach for modular enterprise resource planning sorting problems
Authors: Carpitella Silvia , Certa Antonella , Izquierdo Joaquín , La Cascia Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImplementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is currently recognized as a best practice with wide associated possibilities of business improvement for companies. Integrating these kinds of systems with business processes in the most efficient way requires to endeavour as much as possible simplifications for final users, which can be pursued by optimizing crucial software characteristics. The present article proposes a novel Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making (MCDM) approach to deal with such an issue. Specifically, the ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité) TRI technique is suggested to assign ERP modules into predefined and ordered categories according to maintainability and usability, which are useful drivers in evaluating which module of an ERP software should be enhanced with priority. The results prove to have whole beneficial impact on system performance with relation to a case study: improvement evaluations will be identified based on the classes the ERP modules are assigned to by the method.
Numerical simulation of unstable suction transients in unsaturated soils: the role of wetting collapse
Authors: Chen Yanni , Buscarnera Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluid injection is one of the major triggering factors of instability in unsaturated soils. Robust simulation tools are therefore required to examine hydrologic transients in such a class of inelastic materials. In this paper, the governing equations imposing the balance of mass and momentum in deformable unsaturated porous media are inspected from an analytical perspective. Our main goal is to examine the role of volume collapse on the stability of suction transients. Distinct scenarios are considered in terms of material behavior, distinguishing the case of elastoplastic and viscoplastic materials. It shows that in elastoplastic materials the mathematical ill‐posedness of the partial differential equations leads to a diffusive instability of the pore pressure field, signaled by the loss of stress controllability under water injection. By contrast, the introduction of viscosity restores the mathematical well‐posedness and ensures the positive diffusivity. Numerical implications of these findings have been explored through simulations of water injection with a 1D finite element solver. It shows that an increase of the soil hydraulic sensitivity (i.e., a marked deterioration of the yield stress upon suction removal) can deteriorate the diffusive stability and prevent the computation of suction changes across a collapsible soil layer. While the incorporation of minor amounts of viscosity can restore numerical stability by suppressing the constitutive singularity. Such numerical results have been corroborated by the computation of local stability indicators based on controllability theory, which proved to be robust diagnostic tools to identify the culprit of runaway instability emerging from coupled hydro‐mechanical processes.
Student‐led workshops: Filling skills gaps in computational research for life scientists
Authors: LaTourrette Katherine , Stengel Ashley , Clarke Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComputational skills are increasingly important for conducting research in the agricultural and natural sciences. However, barriers to training availability and accessibility have left many life scientists under‐prepared. To address these challenges, we developed a workshop series led by graduate students to cover topics relevant to research needs among life scientists. Our workshops incorporated guided practice to facilitate a student‐centered learning environment. Further, in response to changes mandated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, the workshop series was converted to a virtual format and extended to life science researchers beyond our home institution. We highlight how to effectively structure workshops to develop computational skills and adapt in‐person activities to the virtual environment. Survey data shows our workshops reached a highly diverse group of scientists, representing more than eight departments, in both in‐person and virtual renditions. Further, we demonstrate an increase in self‐reported confidence in student abilities to apply concepts to their own research following content delivery. This increase was facilitated in both virtual and in‐person environments, showing that adapting content for online delivery is capable of supporting student learning gains. The success of this workshop series shows the importance of hands‐on, guided practice in developing computational skills to fill gaps in training in the agricultural and natural sciences.
Salvage Treatment Using Anti–PD-1/CTLA-4 Immunotherapy After Failure of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Microsatellite Instable Gastroesophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Klein Oliver , Brown Wendy A. , Saxon Sarah , Haydon Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Perioperative chemotherapy is standard treatment for patients with early high-risk gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma independent of molecular subtype. Approximately 8% of gastroesophageal cancers have a microsatellite instable phenotype (MSI-H), and retrospective analyses of neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy trials suggests no survival benefit in this patient population compared with surgery alone. Patients with advanced MSI-H malignancies obtain durable responses with immunotherapy using anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade. We describe a case of a patient with an early MSI-H gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma who progressed on neoadjuvant chemotherapy precluding subsequent surgical resection. The patient was subsequently treated with immunotherapy using the anti–PD-1 antibody nivolumab and the anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody ipilimumab leading to a complete remission with biopsies of the residual tumor mass and regional lymph nodes revealing no residual tumor. This case highlights the lack of benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with MSI-H gastroesophageal cancers and suggests that perioperative anti–PD-1–based immunotherapy should be further investigated in this patient population.

Key Points
Impact of Cancer History on Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Klein Isaac A. , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Reynolds Kerry L. , Zubiri Leyre , Rosovsky Rachel , Piper-Vallillo Andrew J. , Gao Xin , Boland Genevieve , Bardia Aditya , Gaither Rachel , Freeman Hannah , Kirkner Gregory J. , Rhee Chanu , Klompas Michael , Baker Meghan A. , Wadleigh Martha , Winer Eric P. , Kotton Camille N. , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly reports suggested increased mortality from COVID-19 in patients with cancer but lacked rigorous comparisons to patients without cancer. We investigated whether a current cancer diagnosis or cancer history is an independent risk factor for death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Patients and MethodsWe identified patients with a history of cancer admitted to two large hospitals between March 13, 2020, and May 10, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and matched them 1:2 to patients without a history of cancer.ResultsMen made up 56.2% of the population, with a median age of 69 years (range, 30–96). The median time since cancer diagnosis was 35.6 months (range, 0.39–435); 80% had a solid tumor, and 20% had a hematologic malignancy. Among patients with cancer, 27.8% died or entered hospice versus 25.6% among patients without cancer. In multivariable analyses, the odds of death/hospice were similar (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.82). The odds of intubation (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.78), shock (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32–0.91), and intensive care unit admission (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.32–0.81) were lower for patients with a history of cancer versus controls. Patients with active cancer or who had received cancer-directed therapy in the past 6 months had similar odds of death/hospice compared with cancer survivors (univariable OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.66–2.60; multivariable OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.69–3.16).ConclusionPatients with a history of cancer hospitalized for COVID-19 had similar mortality to matched hospitalized patients with COVID-19 without cancer, and a lower risk of complications. In this population, patients with active cancer or recent cancer treatment had a similar risk for adverse outcomes compared with survivors of cancer.Implications for PracticeThis study investigated whether a current cancer diagnosis or cancer history is an independent risk factor for death or hospice admission in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Active cancer, systemic cancer therapy, and a cancer history are not independent risk factors for death from COVID-19 among hospitalized patients, and hospitalized patients without cancer are more likely to have severe COVID-19. These findings provide reassurance to survivors of cancer and patients with cancer as to their relative risk of severe COVID-19, may encourage oncologists to provide standard anticancer therapy in patients at risk of COVID-19, and guide triage in future waves of infection.
A global approach to long‐term follow‐up of targeted and immune‐based therapy in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Kieran Mark W. , Caron Hubert , Winther Jeanette Falck , Henderson Tara O. , Haupt Riccardo , Hjorth Lars , Hudson Melissa M. , Kremer Leontien C.M. , van der Pal Helena J. , Pearson Andrew D.J. , Pereira Leonardo , Reaman Gregory , Skinner Roderick , Vassal Gilles , Weiner Susan L. , Horton Taylor Danielle ,   for the ACCELERATE Long‐Term Follow‐Up Working Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile considerable efforts and progress in our understanding of the long‐term toxicities of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy in children with cancer have been made over the last 5 decades, there continues to be a wide gap in our knowledge of the long‐term health impact of most novel targeted and immunotherapy agents. To address this gap, ACCELERATE, a multi‐stakeholder collaboration of clinical and translational academics, regulators from the EMA and FDA, patient/family advocates and members spanning small biotechnology through to large pharmaceutical companies have initiated the development of an international long‐term follow‐up data registry to collect this important information prospectively. Providing critical safety data on the long‐term use of these approved and investigational therapies in children will support the regulatory requirements and labeling information. It will also provide the necessary insight to help guide physicians and families on the appropriateness of a targeted or immune therapy for their child and inform survivorship planning.
Matrix phase fractionation: Investigating the compromise between dynamic range of analyte extraction and spatial resolution in mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: O’Rourke Matthew B. , Viengkhou Barney , Smith Caine C. , Sonderegger Lorenz , Padula Matthew P. , Sutherland Greg T. , Hofer Markus J. , Crossett Ben 
Published: April 2021

RationaleMatrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has seen rapid development in recent years and as such is becoming an important technique for the mapping of biomolecules from the surface of tissues. One key area of development is the optimisation of analyte extraction by using modified matrices or mixes of common ones.MethodsA series of serial sections were prepared for lipid MSI by either dry coating (sublimation) or by wet spray application of several matrices. These samples were then evaluated for analyte extraction, delocalisation and dynamic range.ResultsWe have shown that the spraying and sublimation methods of matrix application can be used complementarily. This creates large datasets, with each preparation method applied narrowly and then interpreted as a ‘fraction’ of the whole. Once combined, the dynamic range is significantly increased. We have dubbed this technique ‘matrix phase fractionation’.ConclusionsWe have found that, by utilising matrix phase fractionation for the detection of lipids in brain tissue, it is possible to create a significantly more comprehensive dataset than would otherwise be possible with traditional ‘single‐run’ workflows.
Market exit and the potential for resource redeployment: Evidence from the global retail sector
Authors: Sohl Timo , Folta Timothy B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study develops a framework providing guidance in examining when exit decisions might be driven by resource redeployment versus divestment. Exploratory analyses of the global retail sector show patterns largely consistent with conventional explanations of exit through divestment. We also provide the first large‐scale empirical evidence consistent with redeployment motives of exit. In particular, by focusing on the potential for redeployment of fixed assets (i.e., physical stores) across portfolio businesses, results show that market exit is more likely when there are combinations of lower resource adjustment costs, higher external transaction costs, and positive inducements. Under the same conditions, we also document a strong correlation between the number of fixed assets of an exiting business and the growth in fixed assets of its surviving siblings.Managerial SummaryIt is increasingly recognized that multibusiness firms have flexibility advantages over single‐business rivals, because they have the option to redeploy resources across businesses. This flexibility is purported to inspire quicker exit from markets, even if empirical evidence is lacking. We test this conjecture on 3,082 retail chains across 106 countries and find evidence consistent with this view—each additional related sibling in a country raises the hazard of country exit by 11% relative to retail chains without siblings. Since it is difficult to distinguish whether exit occurs through resource redeployment or divestment, we identify a set of unique determinants for each exit mode. Our theoretical framework and empirical findings help managers reconcile when to exit using internal resource markets versus external markets.
Modification of Silk Yarn with β‐Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, and Natural Dyeing Properties
Authors: Salimpour Abkenar Samera , Mohammad Ali Malek Reza 
Published: April 2021

Abstractβ‐cyclodextrin is successfully grafted onto silk yarn using succinic acid and sodium hypophosphite. The effect of various experimental parameters (including initial concentrations, curing time, and temperature) on graft yield is also evaluated. In addition, the grafted silk is characterized by different analyses (Fourier transform infrared [FTIR], attenuated total reflectance‐FTIR, field emission scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermo gravimetric analysis). Afterward, the grafted silk samples are dyed with the natural dyes. Results show that the color strength of grafted samples is markedly enhanced compared with control samples (treated with tannic acid [TA] and copper salt). This can relate to different interactions between the grafted silk and the applied dyes (such as H‐bonding, inclusion complex, and acid–base interactions). Finally, the physical properties and color fastness of the silk samples are studied and compared.
Influence of Impurities on the Productivity in Homogeneous Catalytic Reactions: Trimerization of 1,4‐Dimethoxy‐but‐2‐yne and Tetramerization of Propargyl Alcohol
Authors: Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe productivity of homogeneous catalytic reactions is often described by the yield. This is misleading, and also the TON (turnover number) as well as the TOF (turnover frequency) which better describe it, give no objective informations. These data strongly depend on the substrate to catalyst ratio and also on impurities in the substrate which poison the effective catalyst and reduce the described yield as well as the turnover numbers and the turnover frequencies. In this concept a model is presented, how by changing the amounts of catalyst and the substrate it is possible with several restrictions to calculate the possible maximum for the TON. For the example of trimerization of 1,4‐dimethoxy‐but‐2‐yne to hexakis‐methoxymethyl‐benzene and for tetramerization of propargyl alcohol to 1,3,5,7‐ and 1,3,6,8‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene by previous purification of the substrate or by certain additives as scavengers the access to these compounds is described in detail. By using both methods, extremely high turnover numbers a million were realized.
Holographic entanglement entropy of the Coulomb branch
Authors: Chalabi Adam , Kumar S. Prem , O’Bannon Andy , Pribytok Anton , Rodgers Ronnie , Sisti Jacopo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We compute entanglement entropy (EE) of a spherical region in (3 + 1)-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in states described holographically by probe D3-branes in AdS5 × S5. We do so by generalising methods for computing EE from a probe brane action without having to determine the probe’s backreaction. On the Coulomb branch with SU(N) broken to SU(N − 1) × U(1), we find the EE monotonically decreases as the sphere’s radius increases, consistent with the a-theorem. The EE of a symmetric-representation Wilson line screened in SU(N − 1) also monotonically decreases, although no known physical principle requires this. A spherical soliton separating SU(N) inside from SU(N − 1) × U(1) outside had been proposed to model an extremal black hole. However, we find the EE of a sphere at the soliton’s radius does not scale with the surface area. For both the screened Wilson line and soliton, the EE at large radius is described by a position-dependent W-boson mass as a short-distance cutoff. Our holographic results for EE and one-point functions of the Lagrangian and stress-energy tensor show that at large distance the soliton looks like a Wilson line in a direct product of fundamental representations.