bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of immediate neonatal outcome after cesarean section in Uganda
Authors: Båvenäs Erica , Möller Christoffer , Bhandarkar Prashant , Mulowooza Jude , Löfgren Jenny 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify predictors of low Apgar score, immediate neonatal death, and stillbirth after cesarean section in Uganda.MethodsRecords of cesarean sections performed at all 14 regional referral hospitals and also 14 first‐level (district) hospitals in Uganda were reviewed. Both elective and emergency cases were included. Data comprised mother's age, indication, type of anesthesia, and immediate outcome of the newborn. To evaluate the relation of the predictor variables to outcome, regression analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 37 585 cesarean sections were recorded. The indications for cesarean section that led to the highest neonatal mortality and stillbirth rates and lowest mean Apgar scores were uterine rupture and hemorrhage. Emergency surgery and general anesthesia had worse neonatal outcomes than elective surgery and spinal anesthesia. Compared with general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia was favorable for neonatal outcomes.ConclusionElective surgical planning and scale‐up of the use of spinal anesthesia may potentially reduce stillbirths and immediate neonatal deaths.
An automatized workflow from molecular dynamic simulation to quantum chemical methods to identify elementary reactions and compute reaction constants
Authors: Schmitz Gunnar , Yönder Özlem , Schnieder Bastian , Schmid Rochus , Hättig Christof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present an automatized workflow which, starting from molecular dynamics simulations, identifies reaction events, filters them, and prepares them for accurate quantum chemical calculations using, for example, Density Functional Theory (DFT) or Coupled Cluster methods. The capabilities of the automatized workflow are demonstrated by the example of simulations for the combustion of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is shown how key elementary reaction candidates are filtered out of a much larger set of redundant reactions and refined further. The molecular species in question are optimized using DFT and reaction energies, barrier heights, and reaction rates are calculated. The setup is general enough to include at this stage configurational sampling, which can be exploited in the future. Using the introduced machinery, we investigate how the observed reaction types depend on the gas atmosphere used in the molecular dynamics simulation. For the re‐optimization on the DFT level, we show how the additional information needed to switch from reactive force‐field to electronic structure calculations can be filled in and study how well ReaxFF and DFT agree with each other and shine light on the perspective of using more accurate semi‐empirical methods in the MD simulation.
Regulation of electrogenic Na+/HCO3− cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) function and its dependence on m‐TOR mediated phosphorylation of Ser245
Authors: Giannaki Marina , Ludwig Christina , Heermann Stephan , Roussa Eleni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAstrocytes are pivotal responders to alterations of extracellular pH, primarily by regulation of their principal acid‐base transporter, the membrane‐bound electrogenic Na+/bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1). Here, we describe amammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐dependent and NBCe1‐mediated astroglial response to extracellular acidosis. Using primary mouse cortical astrocytes, we investigated the effect of long‐term extracellular metabolic acidosis on regulation of NBCe1 and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms by immunoblotting, biotinylation of surface proteins, intracellular H+ recording using the H+‐sensitive dye 2′,7′‐bis‐(carboxyethyl)‐5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyfluorescein, and phosphoproteomic analysis. The results showed significant increase of NBCe1‐mediated recovery of intracellular pH from acidification in WT astrocytes, but not in cortical astrocytes from NBCe1‐deficient mice. Acidosis‐induced upregulation of NBCe1 activity was prevented following inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin. Yet, during acidosis or following exposure of astrocytes to rapamycin, surface protein abundance of NBCe1 remained ‐unchanged. Mutational analysis in HeLa cells suggested that NBCe1 activity was dependent on phosphorylation state of Ser245, a residue conserved in all NBCe1 variants. Moreover, phosphorylation state of Ser245 is regulated by mTOR and is inversely correlated with NBCe1 transport activity. Our results identify pSer245 as a novel regulator of NBCe1 functional expression. We propose that context‐dependent and mTOR‐mediated multisite phosphorylation of serine residues of NBCe1 is likely to be a potent mechanism contributing to the response of astrocytes to acid/base challenges during pathophysiological conditions.
Pharmacokinetic Simulation Analysis of Less Frequent Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab Dosing: Pharmacoeconomic Rationale for Dose Deescalation
Authors: Peer Cody J. , Heiss Brian L. , Goldstein Daniel A. , Goodell Jennifer C. , Figg William D. , Ratain Mark J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNivolumab and pembrolizumab, anti–programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibodies, have revolutionized oncology but are expensive. Using an interventional pharmacoeconomic approach, these drugs can be administered less often to reduce costs and increase patient convenience while maintaining efficacy. Both drugs are good candidates for less frequent dosing because of long half‐lives and no evidence of a relationship of dose to efficacy. Established population pharmacokinetic models for both nivolumab and pembrolizumab were used to simulate profiles for multiple dosing regimens on 1000 randomly generated virtual patients. Simulations were initially performed on standard dose regimens to validate these in silico predictions. Next, simulations of nivolumab 0.3 mg/kg every 3 weeks revealed that >95% of patients maintained ≥1.5 μg/mL at steady state, which was inferred as the minimum effective concentration (MEC) for both drugs. Various alternative dosing regimens were simulated for both drugs to determine which regimen(s) can maintain this MEC in >95% of patients. Extended dosing regimens of nivolumab 240 mg every 4 weeks and 480 mg every 8 weeks along with pembrolizumab 200 mg every 6 weeks were simulated, showing that >95% of patients maintained MEC or greater. These simulations demonstrate the potential to reduce drug exposure by at least 50%, thus substantially reducing patient visits (as well as costs), while maintaining equivalent efficacy. These models provide the scientific justification for an ongoing prospective randomized clinical trial comparing standard interval fixed dosing with extended interval fixed dosing, and ultimately an efficacy‐driven comparative trial.
Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom
Authors: Reed Zoe E. , Larsson Henrik , Haworth Claire M. A. , Rai Dheeraj , Lundström Sebastian , Ronald Angelica , Reichenberg Abraham , Lichtenstein Paul , Davis Oliver S. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutistic traits are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and are known to vary geographically in prevalence. But to what extent does their aetiology also vary from place to place?MethodsWe applied a novel spatial approach to data on autistic traits from two large twin studies, the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS; N = 16,677, including 8307 twin pairs) and the Twins Early Development Study in the UK (TEDS; N = 11,594, including 5796 twin pairs), to explore how the influence of nature and nurture on autistic traits varies from place to place.ResultsWe present maps of gene‐ and environment‐ by geography interactions in Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK), showing geographical variation in both genetic and environmental influences across the two countries. In Sweden genetic influences appear higher in the far south and in a band running across the centre of the country. Environmental influences appear greatest in the south and north, with reduced environmental influence across the central band. In the UK genetic influences appear greater in the south, particularly in more central southern areas and the southeast, the Midlands and the north of England. Environmental influences appear greatest in the south and east of the UK, with less influence in the north and the west.ConclusionsWe hope this systematic approach to identifying aetiological interactions will inspire research to examine a wider range of previously unknown environmental influences on the aetiology of autistic traits. By doing so, we will gain greater understanding of how these environments draw out or mask genetic predisposition and interact with other environmental influences in the development of autistic traits.
Informalisation of international volunteering: A new analytical framework explaining differential impacts of the ‘orphanage tourism’ debate in the Netherlands
Authors: Kinsbergen Sara , Konijn Esther , Kuijpers‐Heezemans Simon , op 't Hoog Gabriëlle , Koch Dirk‐Jan , Molthof Mieke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the past years, there has been increasing public criticism of international volunteering. Yet, the academic literature has so far given limited insight into the diversity of this complex and ‘liquid’ field. To fill this gap, this article develops a taxonomy of volunteering providers with different goals and behaviours. The value of this new taxonomy is illustrated by applying the analytical framework to ‘orphanage tourism’ in the Netherlands. The study highlights the differential impact of public criticism on orphanage tourism, with a catalysing effect on the trend of informalisation towards increasing prominence of smaller nonspecialist development‐oriented providers in this field.
An Update in Imaging Evaluation of Histopathological Grade of Soft Tissue Sarcomas Using Structural and Quantitative Imaging and Radiomics
Authors: Fang Shaobo , Yang Yanyu , Xu Nan , Tu Yun , Yin Zhenzhen , Zhang Yu , Liu Yajie , Duan Zhiqing , Liu Wenyu , Wang Shaowu 
Published: October 2021

Over the past two decades, considerable efforts have been made to develop non‐invasive methods for determining tumor grade or surrogates for predicting the biological behavior, aiding early treatment decisions, and providing prognostic information. The development of new imaging tools, such as diffusion‐weighted imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, perfusion imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy have provided leverage in the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas. Artificial intelligence is a new technology used to study and simulate human thinking and abilities, which can extract and analyze advanced and quantitative image features from medical images with high throughput for an in‐depth characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of tumor tissues. This article reviews the current imaging modalities used to predict the histopathological grade of soft tissue sarcomas and highlights the advantages and limitations of each modality.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 2
Presence and clinical impact of human herpesvirus‐6 infection in patients with moderate to critical coronavirus disease‐19
Authors: Lino Katia , Alves Lilian S. , Raposo Jessica V. , Medeiros Thalia , Souza Cintia F. , Silva Andrea A. da , de Paula Vanessa S. , Almeida Jorge R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) may cause serious diseases in immunocompromised individuals. SARS‐CoV‐2/HHV‐6 coinfection has been emphasized in previous works, mostly case reports, small series, or epidemiological studies, but few are known about its real clinical outcomes. Here we present a real‐world pilot study aiming to understand the frequency and the clinical impact of HHV‐6 coinfection in moderate to critically ill patients hospitalized due to COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 and HHV‐6 were evaluated in nasopharyngeal samples at the hospital admission of suspected COVID‐19 patients. From 173 consecutive cases, 60 were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive and 13/60 (21.7%) were HHV‐6 positive after identified as the HHV‐6B species by a Sanger sequencing. The SARS‐CoV‐2+/HHV‐6+ group was younger but not significant for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer, but significant among therapeutic immunosuppressed patients (as systemic lupus erythematosus and kidney transplant patients). In the medical records, only sparse data on cutaneous or neurological manifestations were found. Biochemical and hematological data showed only a trend towards hyperferritinemic status and lymphopenia. In conclusion, despite the impressive high frequency of HHV‐6 coinfection in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive cases, it did not impact general mortality. We suggest larger future prospective studies to better elucidate the influence of HHV‐6 reactivation in cases of COVID‐19, designed to specific assessment of clinical outcomes and viral reactivation mechanisms.
A simple algorithm for selecting cases to investigate acute and early HIV infections in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Matsuda Elaine Monteiro , Ahagon Cintia Mayumi , Coelho Luana Portes Ozório , Campos Ivana Barros , Colpas Daniela Rodrigues , Campos Norberto Camilo , López‐Lopes Giselle Ibete Silva , Silva Valeria Oliveira , de Oliveira Isabela Penteriche , Brígido Luís Fernando de Macedo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe documented the outcome of an over 10‐year (2011–2021) effort to diagnose acute and early HIV infections (AEHI) in an Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic with limited resources. Of a total of 132, 119 HIV‐RNA tests were performed from 2017 to 2020, 12 cases were identified, using a simple algorithm: risk exposure of 6 weeks or less before the visit and/or symptoms compatible with acute retroviral syndrome 7–30 days after exposure and/or undetermined 3rd generation rapid diagnostic test or serology. AEHI diagnoses varied from 2.4% among asymptomatic to 25% for undetermined serology cases using this simple screening applicable to different settings.
NELL1 augments osteogenesis and inhibits inflammation of human periodontal ligament stem cells induced by BMP9
Authors: Wang Liu , Li Xiangfen , Song Yao , Zhang Lan , Ye Ling , Zhou Xuedong , Song Dongzhe , Huang Dingming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis could lead to periodontal destruction such as the loss of alveolar bone. The issue that how to achieve the regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues under the inflammatory environment needs to be solved urgently. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most potent osteoinductive BMPs and induces osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study is to explore the possible effect of BMP9 on the osteogenic differentiation of inflammatory periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).MethodsHuman PDLSCs were cultured in osteoinductive medium with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide Porphyromonas gingivitis (LPS‐PG). Adenoviral vector expressing system was used to overexpress target genes. In vitro expression of osteogenic markers was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, alkaline phosphatase assay, and alizarin red staining. Subcutaneous implantation nude mice models were used to evaluate the effects of BMP9 on PDLSCs in vivo. Microcomputed tomography, hematoxylin & eosin staining, and trichrome staining were performed to assess ectopic bone formation.ResultsIn the LPS‐PG induced inflammatory environment, BMP9 promoted osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, but upregulated the expression of inflammatory markers (P > 0.05); NEL‐like protein 1 (NELL1) downregulated the expression of inflammation genes in PDLSCs induced by BMP9, while augmenting BMP9‐induced osteogenesis of the cells both in vitro and in vivo. In the above process, the MAPK/p38/ERK signaling pathway was triggered by NELL1.ConclusionThe combination use of BMP9 and NELL1 might have the potential to promote the regeneration of alveolar bone in periodontitis.
Parenting in matched pairs of women of color experiencing intimate partner violence and living with and without HIV
Authors: Thurston Idia B. , Howell Kathryn H. , Kaufman Caroline C. , Mandell Jessica E. , Decker Kristina M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study explored the associations between depression and parenting among women of color with low income levels who were exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV. Participants were 60 Black, multiracial, and Hispanic/Latina mothers (Mage = 36.66, SD = 6.99) in the midsouth region of the United States. Mothers were recruited from community organizations and reported their experiences with IPV, HIV, depression, potentially traumatic events (PTE), parenting practices, and child maladaptive functioning. Participants living with HIV and experiencing recent IPV (i.e., cases) were matched on age, race, ethnicity, and educational attainment with mothers experiencing recent IPV (i.e., controls), for a matched sample of 30 pairs. Analyses were conducted to examine how HIV status moderated the associations between depressive symptoms and both negative and positive parenting while accounting for PTE, child maladaptive functioning, and IPV severity. The moderation model for negative parenting was significant, f2 = 0.58, but the moderation model for positive parenting was not, p = .346. Specifically, moderation was supported, B = 0.43, 95% CI [0.03, 0.83], t(53) = 2.17, p = .035, indicating that the association between depressive symptoms and negative parenting was moderated by HIV status. The findings highlight the added burden of a physical health condition on parenting practices. Given the role of negative parenting (i.e., inconsistency, poor monitoring, corporal punishment) in exacerbating poor health outcomes among children exposed to adversity, clinicians and researchers must develop family‐based strategies to decrease these practices.
Gait and Age‐Related Hearing Loss Interactions on Global Cognition and Falls
Authors: Sakurai Ryota , Kawai Hisashi , Yanai Shuichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ogawa Susumu , Hirano Hirohiko , Ihara Kazushige , Takahashi Masatoki , Kim Hunkyung , Obuchi Shuichi , Fujiwara Yoshinori 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesAge‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is considered a risk factor for cognitive impairment and falls. The association may be modulated by gait performance because ARHL is related to mobility decline, which strongly contributes to cognitive impairment and falls. We investigated the interactive effects of gait and ARHL on global cognition and falls among older adults.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThe auditory acuity of 810 community‐dwelling older adults was measured using a pure‐tone average of hearing thresholds at 1,000 and 4,000 Hz in the better‐hearing ear. Participants were then stratified as follows: normal hearing, ≤25 dB; mild hearing loss (HL), >25 and ≤40 dB; and moderate to severe HL, >40 dB. Gait speed was assessed as an indicator of gait performance and fall occurrence within the previous year. Global cognition was determined using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test.ResultsA total of 320 (39.5%) and 233 (28.8%) participants had mild and moderate to severe HL, respectively. Hierarchical multiple and logistic regression analyses showed interactions between gait performance and moderate hearing loss on both global cognition and the occurrence of falls. Specifically, older adults with moderate hearing loss who walked slowly showed lower MoCA scores and a higher incidence of falls, whereas those with decent gait speed did not show such a tendency.ConclusionOur results suggest that poor gait performance might modulate the effects of ARHL, leading to cognitive decline and falls. Poor cognitive performance and falls may be prevalent in older adults with ARHL, especially in those with slower gait and moderate hearing loss.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:857–863, 2022
The effect of various RRA treatments on the strength and corrosion behavior of a new type of Al–Zn–Mg–Er–Zr alloy
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Wencai , Wen Shengping , Huang Hui , Lu Juntai , Nie Zuoren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of various retrogression and reaging (RRA) treatments on the strength and corrosion behavior of a new type of Al–Zn–Mg–Er–Zr alloy has been investigated by hardness testing, tensile testing, and evaluating the intergranular corrosion (IGC) and exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) behavior. The results show that the RRA treatment can effectively improve the IGC and EXCO resistance by sacrificing less strength due to the formation of grain interior precipitates and the grain boundary precipitates similar to the T6 temper and T73 temper, respectively. At the peak value of the hardness, the alloy retrogressed at 190°C shows the better IGC and EXCO resistance; the alloy retrogressed at 170°C exhibits the higher strength. The optimal combination of strength, IGC and EXCO resistance is obtained after retrogression at 180°C for 60 min. For the different heat‐treatment tempers, the corresponding microstructure evolution of the precipitates, including Al3(Er,Zr) particles is discussed in detail.
Sample preparation and culture condition effects on MALDI‐TOF MS identification of bacteria: A review
Authors: Topić Popović Natalija , Kazazić Snježana P. , Bojanić Krunoslav , Strunjak‐Perović Ivančica , Čož‐Rakovac Rozelindra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) is an excellent tool for bacterial identification. It allows high throughput, sensitive and specific applications in clinical diagnostics and environmental research. Currently, there is no optimal standardized protocol for sample preparation and culture conditions to profile bacteria. The performance of MALDI‐TOF MS is affected by several variables, such as sample preparation, culture media and culture conditions, incubation time/growth stage, incubation temperature, high salt content, blood in the culture media, and others. This review thus aims to clarify why a uniformed protocol is not plausible, to assess the effects these factors have on MALDI‐TOF MS identification score, and discuss possible optimizations for its methodology, in relation to specific bacterial representatives and strain requirements.