bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulopathy and Venous Thromboembolic Events Following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Dranichnikov Paul , Mahteme Haile , Cashin Peter H. , Graf Wilhelm 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Coagulopathy after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is recognized but few details have been studied.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in coagulation biomarkers and their predictive ability for venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Methods
Patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, from 2004 to 2014 were included in a prospective study of coagulation biomarkers. Prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT-INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, antithrombin, D-dimer, and platelets were sampled on postoperative days 1, 2, 5, and 10. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictive capacity for coagulation-related complications.

Results
Overall, 380 patients were included (214 females, mean age 56 years); 38 patients had a history of thromboembolism and 57 were active smokers. Mean perioperative blood loss was 1228 mL and 231 (61%) received perioperative blood transfusions. PT-INR and APTT were elevated directly after surgery but returned to normal levels on postoperative day 5. Conversely, fibrinogen, platelet count, D-dimer, and antithrombin increased by postoperative day 5 and continued to increase up to day 10. There were 23 radiologically verified cases of VTE within 6 months. The multivariate analysis identified a completeness of cytoreduction score of 2–3 (p = 0.047) and day 2 D-dimer (p = 0.0082) as independent risk factors for postoperative VTE.

Conclusion
Significant postoperative changes in coagulation biomarkers occur with dynamic changes over 10 days postoperatively. The incidence of symptomatic VTE was low. Residual tumor at completion of surgery and elevated D-dimer on day 2 were independent risk factors for postoperative VTE.
Envisioning the World Within or Without Limits: on Representation and Creativity in the Aesthetics of 17th Century China
Authors: Lukicheva Polina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This essay examines a number of statements on painting and visual perception by Chinese literati artists of the late Ming – early Qing periods. It argues that the approaches to pictorial representation and creativity entailed in these statements reveal a considerable impact of Buddhist theories of consciousness. In the theories analyzed, pictorial representation is discussed in terms of ways and modes of how the mind relates to the world. As will be demonstrated, the function of expressing cognitive organization in representation is given more prominence than the function of rendering an external reality. The view of pictorial representation as being essentially what the mind produces in its relation to the world provides a basis for the assumption of a fundamental affinity between the creation of an image and the process how phenomenal reality unfolds by virtue of cognitive operations. This assumption seems to broadly underpin the painting theories discussed. And it is this assumption that provides a clue how and why the literati artists adopt Buddhist theories of cognition to the understanding of art. In the last section of the essay, we turn to the sources which cast still another perspective on artistic practice, namely a practice which captures a single moment of pure direct perception.
Clinical validation of the Siemens quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG assay (sCOVG) reveals improved sensitivity and a good correlation with virus neutralization titers
Authors: Irsara Christian , Egger Alexander E. , Prokop Wolfgang , Nairz Manfred , Loacker Lorin , Sahanic Sabina , Pizzini Alex , Sonnweber Thomas , Holzer Barbara , Mayer Wolfgang , Schennach Harald , Loeffler-Ragg Judith , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa , Hartmann Boris , Tancevski Ivan , Weiss Günter , Binder Christoph J. , Anliker Markus , Griesmacher Andrea , Hoermann Gregor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and induce a specific antibody response. Serological assays detecting IgG against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein are useful to monitor the immune response after infection or vaccination. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) assay.

Methods
Sensitivity and specificity of the Siemens sCOVG test were evaluated on 178 patients with SARS-CoV-2-infection and 160 pre-pandemic samples in comparison with its predecessor test COV2G. Furthermore, correlation with virus neutralization titers was investigated on 134 samples of convalescent COVID-19 patients.

Results
Specificity of the sCOVG test was 99.4% and sensitivity was 90.5% (COV2G assay 78.7%; p<0.0001). S1-RBD antibody levels showed a good correlation with virus neutralization titers (r=0.843; p<0.0001) and an overall qualitative agreement of 98.5%. Finally, median S1-RBD IgG levels increase with age and were significantly higher in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (median levels general ward: 25.7 U/mL; intensive care: 59.5 U/mL) than in outpatients (3.8 U/mL; p<0.0001).

Conclusions
Performance characteristics of the sCOVG assay have been improved compared to the predecessor test COV2G. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG levels could be used as a surrogate for virus neutralization capacity. Further harmonization of antibody quantification might assist to monitor the humoral immune response after COVID-19 disease or vaccination.
Comprehensive assessment of humoral response after Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccination: a three-case series
Authors: Danese Elisa , Montagnana Martina , Salvagno Gian Luca , Peserico Denise , Pighi Laura , De Nitto Simone , Henry Brandon M. , Porru Stefano , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Since universal vaccination is a pillar against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies is essential for deciphering post-vaccination immune response.

Methods
Three healthcare workers received 30 μg BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Pfizer Vaccine, followed by a second identical dose, 21 days afterwards. Venous blood was drawn at baseline and at serial intervals, up to 63 days afterwards, for assessing total immunoglobulins (Ig) anti-RBD (receptor binding domain), anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG, anti-RBD and anti-N/S1 IgM, and anti-S1 IgA.

Results
All subjects were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline. Total Ig anti-RBD, anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG levels increased between 91 and 368 folds until 21 days after the first vaccine dose, then reached a plateau. The levels raised further after the second dose (by ∼30-, ∼8- and ∼8-fold, respectively), peaking at day 35, but then slightly declining and stabilizing ∼50 days after the first vaccine dose. Anti-S1 IgA levels increased between 7 and 11 days after the first dose, slightly declined before the second dose, after which levels augmented by ∼24-fold from baseline. The anti-RBD and anti-N/S1 IgM kinetics were similar to that of anti-S1 IgA, though displaying substantially weaker increases and modest peaks, only 4- to 7-fold higher than baseline. Highly significant inter-correlation was noted between total Ig anti-RBD, anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG (all r=0.99), whilst other anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies displayed lower, though still significant, correlations. Serum spike protein concentration was undetectable at all-time points.

Conclusions
BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination generates a robust humoral immune response, especially involving anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG and IgA, magnified by the second vaccine dose.
Kennings in Old English Verse and in the Poetic Edda
Authors: Fulk Robert D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo shed light on questions pertaining to the similarities and differences between kennings in Old English and in the Poetic Edda, a survey is undertaken of the density of kenning use in the two corpora. The likeliest conclusion to be drawn from a comparison of findings is that the two poetic traditions are rather similar in regard to kenning use. In both traditions, kennings are notably simpler and less riddle-like than in skaldic poetry, though theEddacontains a few kennings of sufficient complexity to suggest skaldic influence. Although kennings, on average, occur more frequently in Old English, the incidence is broadly similar to that in the Poetic Edda. Kennings are not uncommonly explained by the use of variation (apposition) in Old English, but less commonly in theEdda, although the difference does not specifically suggest discrepant attitudes toward kenning use in the two traditions, since variation is rare in theEddaunder all circumstances. Although the possibility of the influence of one tradition upon the other cannot be ruled out, the similarities, in the main, are probably best explained as the result of common inheritance. This explanation garners support from the number of instances in which more or less precise cognate kennings appear in the two bodies of literature.
Wie man mehr als 9000 Rezensionen schreiben kann. Lesen und Rezensieren in der Zeit Albrecht von Hallers
Authors: Gantet Claire , Krämer Fabian 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Albrecht von Haller – Professor für Anatomie, Botanik und Chirurgie in Göttingen, später Politiker und Dichter in Bern und einer der führenden Gelehrten der Aufklärung – war auch als Rezensent bemerkenswert. Die Zeitgenossen waren von der schieren Zahl seiner Buchbesprechungen überaus beeindruckt; ähnlich ergeht es Historikerinnen und Historikern heute. Die Erklärungen, die für seine Produktivität als Rezensent ins Feld geführt wurden und werden, verweisen typischerweise auf Hallers beeindruckend breite Lektüre und sein außergewöhnlich gutes Gedächtnis. Wir argumentieren, dass diese Erklärungen nicht hinreichen: Nur wenn wir auch Hallers Lese- und Exzerpierpraktiken berücksichtigen, gelangen wir zu einer zufriedenstellenden Erklärung seiner Produktivität als Rezensent. Denn es zeigt sich, dass seine erhaltenen Exzerpte und seine veröffentlichten Rezensionen eng miteinander verbunden waren. Wie wir weiter argumentieren, waren die kognitiven Praktiken und der Einsatz von „paper technology“, die Hallers wissenschaftliche Lektüre charakterisierten, zeitgenössisch durchaus üblich. Während die Rhetorik vieler Aufklärer suggeriert, dass sie sich zugunsten des autoptischen Wissens vom Bücherwissen abwandten, sprechen ihre Buchbesprechungen und die erhaltenen Exzerpte oftmals eine andere Sprache. Das aufklärerische Projekt der „Kritik“ baute auf denselben gelehrten Praktiken des Lesens und Exzerpierens auf, die damals oft verpönt waren, und es profitierte von ihnen.
Online Monitoring Technology of Power Transformer based on Vibration Analysis
Authors: Meng Junhong , Singh Maninder , Sharma Manish , Singh Daljeet , Kaur Preet , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for the study of the influence of stability of a power transformer on the power system based on the vibration principle. Traditionally, the EMD and EEMD algorithms are employed to test the box vibration signal data of the power transformer under three working conditions. The proposed method utilizes a partial EMD screening along with MPEEMD method for the online monitoring of power transformer. A complete online monitoring system is designed by using the STM32 processor and LabVIEW system. The proposed system is compared with EMD and EEMD algorithms in terms of the number of IMFs obtained by decomposition, maximum correlation coefficient, and mean square error. The inherent mode correlation, when compared with the mean square error of the reconstructed signal, shows that the reconstruction error of MPEEMD algorithm is 4.762×10−15 which is better than the traditional EMD algorithm. It is observed from the results that the proposed method outperforms both EMD and EEMD algorithms.
United States internet searches for “infertility” following COVID-19 vaccine misinformation
Authors: Sajjadi Nicholas B. , Nowlin William , Nowlin Ross , Wenger David , Beal John Martin , Vassar Matt , Hartwell Micah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Context
On December 1, 2020, Drs. Wolfgang Wodarg and Michael Yeadon petitioned to withhold emergency use authorization of the BNT162b2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manufactured by BioNTech and Pfizer, raising concern for female infertility risks but acknowledging the lack of evidence. The European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration ultimately issued emergency use authorizations, but misinformation claiming that COVID-19 vaccines cause female infertility began circulating on social media, potentially influencing public perception and medical decision making among pregnant patients or those seeking to become pregnant.

Objectives
To determine the potential influence misinformation may have had on public interest in infertility related topics, as analyzed through internet search statistics in the US.

Methods
The Google Trends tool was used to analyze results for the search terms “infertility,” “infertility AND vaccine,” and “infertility AND COVID vaccine” in the US from February 4, 2020 to February 3, 2021. We applied autoregressive integrated moving average models to forecast expected values, comparing them with actual observed values.

Results
At peak interest (100), the forecasted relative search volumes interest for the search terms “infertility,” “infertility AND vaccine,” and “infertility AND COVID vaccine” were 45.47 (95% CI, 33.27–57.66; p<0.001), 0.88 (95% CI, 2.87–4.63; p<0.001), and 0.29 (95% CI, −2.25–2.82; p<0.001). The actual relative search volumes at peak searching represented 119.9, 11,251, and 34,900% increases, respectively, when compared with forecasted values.

Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccine misinformation corresponded with increased internet searches for topics related to infertility in the US. Dispelling misinformation and informing patients about the risks and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination may prevent unnecessary vaccine hesitancy or refusal, contributing to successful vaccination efforts.
Birth prevalence of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in China: data from the national newborn screening program, 2013–2019
Authors: Yuan Xuelian , Zhu Jun , Liu Hanmin , Xiang Liangcheng , Yao Yongna , Li Qi , Deng Kui , Li Xiaohong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4D), a less common form of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), can lead to severe developmental retardation if untreated. Little has been reported on the prevalence of BH4D among live births worldwide. This study examined its prevalence across China and between geographical areas within the country.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Chinese national screening program for HPA in newborns between 2013 and 2019. BH4D prevalence was examined by province, region and the entire country. Provincial-level prevalence was estimated from the number of confirmed BH4D cases and screened newborns, after adjusting for HPA-positive recall rate. Regional- and national-level prevalences were estimated by summing provincial-level prevalences after weighting them by the number of live births. A Poisson distribution was assumed in order to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalence.

Results
Among 107,078,115 newborns screened for HPA in China, 380 with BH4D were identified, corresponding to a total prevalence of 3.8 per 1,000,000 live births. Prevalence was higher in eastern regions (5.9 per 1,000,000) and northern regions (4.1 per 1,000,000) of China than in southern regions (1.6 per 1,000,000) or northwestern regions (1.7 per 1,000,000). Across the entire country, 3.9% cases of HPA were diagnosed as BH4D, and this proportion reached as high as 15.1% in the southern part of the country.

Conclusions
These first insights into BH4D prevalence across China suggest slightly higher prevalence than in other countries, and it varies substantially by region. More attention should be paid to early diagnosis and timely treatment of BH4D.
Spanish embedded question island effects revisited: an experimental study
Authors: Pañeda Claudia , Kush Dave 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is often reported that embedded questions (EQs) are not syntactic islands in Spanish. However, some authors have observed that the acceptability of filler-gap dependencies (FGDs) into Spanish EQs varies with the EQ-embedding verb: FGDs into EQs underresponsiveverbs (e.g.,know) do not result in island effects, but FGDs into EQs underrogativeverbs (e.g.,ask) do yield island effects. One account attributes the contrast to a structural difference between the two EQs, due to whichask-EQs violate Bounding constraints, butknow-EQs do not. In two acceptability studies we investigated the reliability of verb-dependent island effects in EQs introduced bysi‘whether’ andcuándo‘when’. We found no qualitative acceptability differences betweenaskandknowEQ-island sentences, suggesting that the syntactic islandhood of Spanish EQs is not verb-dependent. Nevertheless, average island effects were numerically greater withask, suggesting the presence of a non-syntactic constraint. In addition, FGDs intowhether-EQs were generally acceptable, whereas FGDs intowhen-EQs obtained unacceptable average ratings and highly variable judgments. We argue that in neither case there is a Bounding constraint violation. Instead we explore alternative potential explanations for the differences in terms of features, presuppositions and processing pressures.
Rivaroxaban triggered multifocal intratumoral hemorrhage of the cabozantinib-treated diffuse brain metastases: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Chen Luyue , Chen E , Huang Yanlin , Tian Xinhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial malignancy with poor prognosis. Patients with intracranial tumors are at greater risk for thrombotic complications and intracranial hemorrhage. Rivaroxaban is a potent oral anticoagulant with the high selectivity of direct factor Xa inhibition. The incidence and severity of rivaroxaban-triggered intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) in patients with BMs remain unknown. A 57-year-old woman was diagnosed with multiple lung, bone, and BMs from unknown primary cancer origin, and refused any invasive procedures to confirm tumor pathology. However, this patient had a relatively favorable outcome after treating with cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases. The patient survived over 2 years and developed deep vein thrombosis of right lower limb. Oral rivaroxaban was prescribed, and the multifocal catastrophic ITH was encountered after 1 week. The last head computed tomography imaging revealed a rare but typical image of diffuse hemorrhagic metastases. Hemorrhagic-prone BMs, therapeutic rivaroxaban, and cabozantinib treatment increase risks to develop ITH. In this case rivaroxaban was the trigger to this terminal event. This case is a miserable lesson and keeps reminding us to stay vigilant in clinical practice even when there is a potential benefit for anticoagulation in such population.
Microwave-assisted sol–gel synthesis of TiO2-mixed metal oxide nanocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutant
Authors: Imoisili Patrick Ehi , Jen Tien-Chien , Safaei Babak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most effective photocatalysts for low-cost degradation of organic pollutant; however, the wide band gap and the high recombination rate of the charge carriers are drawbacks that hinders it practical application. In this study, TiO2 and titanium mixed metal oxides ternary (V/Ag/TiO2) nanocatalyst was synthesized through a microwave-assisted sol–gel route using Ti(C4H9O)4, NH4VO3, and AgNO3 as precursors. The XRD analysis of the synthesized TiO2 and V/Ag/TiO2 depicts lattice fringes for rutile and anatase crystalline phases. Raman spectra indicate the formation of a mesoporous multiphase sample mixture of rutile and anatase phases. The spectrum shift to the visible light region was demonstrated by the UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) reveals a reduced band gap of 2.9 eV for TiO2 and 2.65 eV for V/Ag/TiO2. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) indicates a large surface area of 92.8 and 84.8 m2 g−1 for TiO2 and V/Ag/TiO2, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm exhibits type IV isotherm, signifying the presence of the mesoporous structure. SEM portrays a cluster of rod-like aggregate particles, while the HRTEM analysis illustrates nanoparticles of rod-like cylindrical shape with a homogeneous size diameter. The synthesized nanocatalyst demonstrated a significant photocatalytic ability in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). V/Ag/TiO2 shows higher activity in the visible region. Thus, the present report suggests efficient, suitable, and economical microwave-assisted sol–gel techniques to yield V/Ag/TiO2 nanocatalysts with harnessed photocatalytic performance for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants in the presence of visible light irradiation.
Well-defined polyindole–Au NPs nanobrush as a platform for electrochemical oxidation of ethanol
Authors: Warczak Magdalena , Gniadek Marianna , Hermanowski Kamil , Osial Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver the recent decades, conducting polymers have received great interest in many fields including microelectronics, energy conversion devices, and biosensing due to their unique properties like electrical conductivity, stability, and simple synthesis. Modification of conducting polymers with noble metals e.g. gold enhances their properties and opens new opportunities to also apply them in other fields like electrocatalysis. Here, we focus on the synthesis of hybrid material based on polyindole (PIN) nanobrush modified with gold nanoparticles and its application towards electrooxidation of ethanol. The paper presents systematic studies from synthesis to electrochemical sensing applications. For the characterization of PIN–Au composites, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were used. The electrocatalytic performance of the proposed hybrid material towards alcohol oxidation was studied in alkaline media by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results show that PIN–Au hybrid can be employed as an effective and sensitive platform for the detection of alcohols, which makes it a promising material in electrocatalysis or sensors. Moreover, the proposed composite exhibits electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation, which combined with its good long-term stability opens the opportunity for its application in fuel cells.
Improving dispersive mixing in compatibilized polystyrene/polyamide-6 blends via extension-dominated reactive single-screw extrusion
Authors: Chen Hao , Maia João M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Extensional mixing elements (EMEs) that impose extension-dominated flow via stationary single-plane or double-plane hyperbolic converging-diverging channels were previously designed for twin-screw and single-screw extruders (TSE and SSE, respectively). In a recently published work by the authors, reactive extrusion was performed on PS/PA6 polymer blends TSE using EMEs and a crystalline phase transition of the minor phase in these droplets was observed as the size of droplet decreases from micron to submicron. Herein, we expand upon this work to SSE and study: a) The ability of the EMEs to improve dispersive mixing in the same blends; b) Assess the possibility of achieving the same crystalline phase transition in SSEs. The final blends were characterized by DSC, rheologically and morphologically via SEM, and the results show that while EME-based SSE leads to much improved mixing, better than non-EME TSE, the reduction in size of the PA6 disperse phase is not enough to induce the phase transition observed in EME-based TSE.