bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction Method of Microscopic Image Feature of Cotton Fiber Cross Section
Authors: Luo Yaodong , Zhang Songlin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The micro-section image analysis is an effective method to measure cotton fiber maturity directly. However, the accuracies of the existing image segmentation and contour extraction algorithms were limited by the extraction of cotton fiber cross-section features. Therefore, the paper first binarized the cotton fiber cross-section micro image with the image processing software programmed by VC++, and then extracted the contours of its outer layer, inner layer and cavity, and finally calculated its geometric features. Based on statistics of these geometric features, a judgment model was established to remove the low quality cross sections such as pseudo-cross sections and separate adhesion cross sections, so as to improve the geometric feature extraction effect and the maturity estimation accuracy of cotton fiber cell. The results showed that, compared with the artificial subjective judgment, the cotton fiber cross-section feature extraction method proposed in this paper could not only solve the problem of unable to determine the geometric characteristics caused by cotton fiber adhesion and other interference factors, but also reduce the identification error rate from 0.073 to 0.038, so as to better judge the quality of cotton fiber at harvest time, and infer the possible influencing factors.
Energy consumption, emission and economy analysis of fuel cell vehicle in China
Authors: Yu Hongkuan , Yin Jiewei , Wang Chao , Shen Shuiyun , Yan Xiaohui , Zhang Junliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Compared with internal combustion engine vehicles and electric vehicles, the advantages of fuel cell vehicles are still in a qualitative stage, and there is no clear quantitative analysis. In this paper, the energy consumption and emission results of twelve different hydrogen paths are calculated through the secondary modeling in GREET, and the total energy consumption and emissions of fuel cell vehicles, internal combustion engine vehicles, and electric vehicles are obtained. The results show that electric vehicles have the lowest energy consumption throughout their life cycle, and fuel cell vehicles are only about 22% higher than electric vehicles. At the same time, based on the analysis of multi-factor environmental indicators such as global warming potential, human toxicity potential, photochemical smog potential, aerosol potential and acidification potential, fuel cell vehicles have the lowest life cycle emissions. Finally, a comparison of the total cost of ownership of the three representative vehicles shows that the cost of fuel cell vehicles is the highest under current production. However, combined with the analysis of the cost reduction space of the main components of the fuel cell system, the results show that when the mileage is higher than 56,000 kilometers, The total cost of ownership of fuel cell vehicles will be lower than internal combustion engine vehicles.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Hot Oil Heater System with Waste Heat Recovery Device
Authors: Sun Yanfeng , Chen Lijia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the energy efficiency analysis of a hot oil heater system with waste heat recovery device is carried out by using the counter balance method. The influence of different excess air coefficient and different flue gas recirculation percentage on the energy efficiency is studied. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that: as excess air coefficient increases, the exhaust gas heat loss increases, the dissipation heat loss decreases, the overall heat loss increases, and the system thermal efficiency decreases; as flue gas recirculation percentage increases, the exhaust gas heat loss increases, the dissipation heat loss decreases, the overall heat loss increases, and the system thermal efficiency decreases. These conclusions provide some reference for improving the design and operation of hot oil heater system with waste heat recovery device.
Traditional lacquerware craft of Liangshan Yi Nationality part I: manufacturing process and coming crisis
Authors: Zhang Xuelun , Chen Ming , Zhang You , Qiu Chongpeng , Huang Xingyan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The lacquerware of Liangshan Yi nationality was created by the Yi in their daily life. It has great varieties, exquisite productions and a very long history as the most representative handicraft in Yi region. The traditional manufacturing processes including body making and lacquering craft processes as well as the coming crisis of Yi lacquerware were analyzed in this work, in order to provide reference for the development and inheritance of the traditional lacquerware craft of Liangshan Yi Nationality.
Enlightenment and experience of foreign power retail market on China’s electricity retail market construction
Authors: Guo Hongzhen , Li Tengjian , Feng Li , Liu Guoping , Liu Bo , Qiao Liang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The power retail market is the key link of the power market system. It plays a fundamental role in supporting the opening, competition and orderly operation of the power market. It is also the key to coordinate market transactions and system security. In this paper, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan and other mature countries in the development of electricity retail market research, extract these countries in the construction of electricity retail market problems and achievements, and combined with the development of China’s electricity retail market, put forward the enlightenment and suggestions for the construction of China’s electricity retail market, hoping to be able to provide help for the builders of electricity retail market.
Research on Green Efficiency Estimation of Power Plants of National Key Monitoring Enterprises
Authors: Huang Yujun , Gong Yanran , Huang Zhihao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper mainly estimates the green technology efficiency of thermal power plants of national key monitoring power generation enterprises. By taking the use of "Database of China’s Industrial Enterprises" and "Compilation of Statistics of China’s Power Industry", we sort out the input, output and emission data of national key monitoring enterprises. With the help of directional distance function and the panel stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), we can define and estimate a new indicator for the emission efficiency of power generation plants. The main contribution is the method of efficiency calculation, which can be broadly used for testing the level of emission technology of power generation plants.
The Development and Construction of Bilingual Machine Translation Auxiliary Tool between Chinese and Kazakh Languages
Authors: Niyazbek Muheyat , Talp Kuenssaule , Sun Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces the design and construction process of a bilingual machine translation auxiliary tool between Chinese and Kazakh languages. The tool uses the Jieba word segmentation tool to segment the input sentence, and then translates it according to the two language correspondence and rule-based dictionary method. This paper introduces the development and implementation process and overall framework of said auxiliary tool, and the role of some functional modules of it.
Experimental study on freeze-thaw performance and thermal conductivity of green ecological concrete
Authors: Wu Xuanru , Fang Guangxiu , Xu Minhao , Li Zhongxin , Shi Daquan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the existing and new buildings in cold areas, this paper makes full use of the agricultural waste of finely ground rice husk and the recycled coarse aggregate of the concrete of the construction industry waste to form green ecological concrete by compounding, which can promote the ecological environment and the secondary recycling of agricultural and industrial waste; compounding finely ground rice husk and recycled coarse aggregate can save cost, improve the later strength of concrete, and green energy saving and heat preservation, and protect Ecological resources and environment. After mixing the two to replace cement and natural coarse bone by the same amount, we prepared two sets of concrete thermal conductivity test blocks, four sets of frozen and thawed test blocks, and tested the thermal conductivity of concrete, mass loss rate. The test results showed that the thermal conductivity value of the green concrete was 1.17 W/(m-K), and the mass loss rate was 3.85% and 4.08% after 25 and 50 freeze-thaw cycles respectively, and the green ecological concrete had excellent energy saving and durability.
Causal Inference in Studying the Long-Term Health Effects of Disasters: Challenges and Potential Solutions
Authors: Shiba Koichiro , Kawahara Takuya , Aida Jun , Kondo Katsunori , Kondo Naoki , James Peter , Arcaya Mariana , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo frequently encountered but underrecognized challenges for causal inference in studying the long-term health effects of disasters among survivors include 1) time-varying effects of disasters on a time-to-event outcome and 2) selection bias due to selective attrition. In this paper, we review approaches for overcoming these challenges and demonstrate application of the approaches to a real-world longitudinal data set of older adults who were directly affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (n = 4,857). To illustrate the problem of time-varying effects of disasters, we examined the association between degree of damage due to the tsunami and all-cause mortality. We compared results from Cox regression analysis assuming proportional hazards with those derived using adjusted parametric survival curves allowing for time-varying hazard ratios. To illustrate the problem of selection bias, we examined the association between proximity to the coast (a proxy for housing damage from the tsunami) and depressive symptoms. We corrected for selection bias due to attrition in the 2 postdisaster follow-up surveys (conducted in 2013 and 2016) using multivariable adjustment, inverse probability of censoring weighting, and survivor average causal effect estimation. Our results demonstrate that analytical approaches which ignore time-varying effects on mortality and selection bias due to selective attrition may underestimate the long-term health effects of disasters.
Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995–2016
Authors: Louie Patricia , Upenieks Laura , Siddiqi Arjumand , Williams David R , Takeuchi David T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We assessed whether race moderates the association between flourishing and all-cause mortality. We used panel data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (1995–2016; n = 2,851). Approximately 19% of White respondents and 23% of Black respondents in the baseline sample died over the course of the 21-year study period (n = 564). Cox proportional hazard models showed that Blacks had a higher mortality rate relative to Whites and higher levels of flourishing were associated with a lower mortality rate. Furthermore, a significant interaction between flourishing and race in predicting death was observed. Blacks with higher levels of flourishing had a mortality rate that was not significantly different from that of Whites. However, Blacks, but not Whites, with low flourishing scores had a higher mortality rate. As such, health-promotion efforts focused on enhancing flourishing among Black populations may reduce the Black–White gap in mortalityrate.
Raced Repertoires: The Linguistic Repertoire as Multi-Semiotic and Racialized
Authors: Oostendorp Marcelyn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, the central argument is that research on the semiotic repertoire should also focus on how repertoires are racialized, and race is evoked through the semiotic repertoire. The article uses data from the South African educational context to advance a position in which semiotic repertoires simultaneously give and restrict access, evoke evaluation and construct identities in particular ways because of their entanglement with (racialized) bodies. I propose that this simultaneity can be theorized by viewing the black body as ‘intercorporeal’ and ‘grotesque’ (Bakhtin 1984). By drawing on such an approach, processes of racialization are explicitly connected to how semiotic resources are evoked in discourse. This article thus theoretically contributes to the recent movements in applied linguistics that view language as embodied, re-examine repertoires, and view language as multiplex and entangled. In addition, it also offers a framing that can theoretically challenge discourses of post-racialism with its multi-layered account of how race continues to be experienced as a significant form of meaning-making.
POKY: a software suite for multidimensional NMR and 3D structure calculation of biomolecules
Authors: Lee Woonghee , Rahimi Mehdi , Lee Yeongjoon , Chiu Abigail 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Summary
The need for an efficient and cost-effective method is compelling in biomolecular NMR. To tackle this problem, we have developed the Poky suite, the revolutionized platform with boundless possibilities for advancing research and technology development in signal detection, resonance assignment, structure calculation and relaxation studies with the help of many automation and user interface tools. This software is extensible and scalable by scripting and batching as well as providing modern graphical user interfaces and a diverse range of modules right out of the box.

Availability and implementation
Poky is freely available to non-commercial users at https://poky.clas.ucdenver.edu.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Early stages of tau pathology and its associations with functional connectivity, atrophy and memory
Authors: Berron David , Vogel Jacob W , Insel Philip S , Pereira Joana B , Xie Long , Wisse Laura E M , Yushkevich Paul A , Palmqvist Sebastian , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Stomrud Erik , Smith Ruben , Strandberg Olof , Hansson Oskar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease, post-mortem studies have shown that the first cortical site where neurofibrillary tangles appear is the transentorhinal region, a subregion within the medial temporal lobe that largely overlaps with Brodmann area 35, and the entorhinal cortex. Here we used tau-PET imaging to investigate the sequence of tau pathology progression within the human medial temporal lobe and across regions in the posterior-medial system. Our objective was to study how medial temporal tau is related to functional connectivity, regional atrophy, and memory performance. We included 215 amyloid-β− cognitively unimpaired, 81 amyloid-β+ cognitively unimpaired and 87 amyloid-β+ individuals with mild cognitive impairment, who each underwent 18F-RO948 tau and 18F-flutemetamol amyloid PET imaging, structural T1-MRI and memory assessments as part of the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study. First, event-based modelling revealed that the entorhinal cortex and Brodmann area 35 show the earliest signs of tau accumulation followed by the anterior and posterior hippocampus, Brodmann area 36 and the parahippocampal cortex. In later stages, tau accumulation became abnormal in neocortical temporal and finally parietal brain regions. Second, in cognitively unimpaired individuals, increased tau load was related to local atrophy in the entorhinal cortex, Brodmann area 35 and the anterior hippocampus and tau load in several anterior medial temporal lobe subregions was associated with distant atrophy of the posterior hippocampus. Tau load, but not atrophy, in these regions was associated with lower memory performance. Further, tau-related reductions in functional connectivity in critical networks between the medial temporal lobe and regions in the posterior-medial system were associated with this early memory impairment. Finally, in patients with mild cognitive impairment, the association of tau load in the hippocampus with memory performance was partially mediated by posterior hippocampal atrophy. In summary, our findings highlight the progression of tau pathology across medial temporal lobe subregions and its disease stage-specific association with memory performance. While tau pathology might affect memory performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals via reduced functional connectivity in critical medial temporal lobe-cortical networks, memory impairment in mild cognitively impaired patients is associated with posterior hippocampal atrophy.
Myeloarchitectonic Asymmetries of Language Regions in the Human Brain
Authors: Yuan Di , Luo Daiyi , Kwok Veronica P Y , Zhou Yulong , Tian Haoyue , Yu Qianqian , An Jie , Gao Jia-Hong , Qiu Shijun , Tan Li Hai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne prominent theory in neuroscience and psychology assumes that cortical regions for language are left hemisphere lateralized in the human brain. In the current study, we used a novel technique, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), to examine interhemispheric asymmetries in language regions in terms of macromolecular tissue volume (MTV) and quantitative longitudinal relaxation time (T1) maps in the living human brain. These two measures are known to reflect cortical myeloarchitecture from the microstructural perspective. One hundred and fifteen adults (55 male, 60 female) were examined for their myeloarchitectonic asymmetries of language regions. We found that the cortical myeloarchitecture of inferior frontal areas including the pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis is left lateralized, while that of the middle temporal gyrus, Heschl’s gyrus, and planum temporale is right lateralized. Moreover, the leftward lateralization of myelination structure is significantly correlated with language skills measured by phonemic and speech tone awareness. This study reveals for the first time a mixed pattern of myeloarchitectonic asymmetries, which calls for a general theory to accommodate the full complexity of principles underlying human hemispheric specialization.
Adult Population Coverage With Influenza Vaccine and Influenza Hospitalization Rates—Is There a Role for Active Outreach to Immunize At-Risk Neighborhoods?
Authors: Czaja Christopher A , Cockburn Myles G , Colborn Kathryn , Miller Lisa , Thomas Deborah S K , Herlihy Rachel K , Alden Nisha , Simões Eric A F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We evaluated whether Denver neighborhoods with elevated rates of adult hospitalizations for laboratory-confirmed influenza had lower adult coverage with influenza vaccine. Overall vaccine coverage was low. Hospitalization rates were associated with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Active immunization of at-risk neighborhoods may be necessary to address disparities in influenza hospitalization rates.
Social–Emotional Attention in School-Age Children: A Call for School-Based Intervention during COVID-19 and Distance Learning
Authors: Raffaele Christine Teal , Khosravi Parmis , Parker Alyssa , Godovich Sheina , Rich Brendan , Adleman Nancy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Early research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent regulations put children at increased risk of negative mood, anxiety, attention difficulties, and social challenges. Concordantly, these difficulties also are associated with deficits in social–emotional attention in children. On a daily basis, students are required to process and respond to a large amount of complex social–emotional information, including attending to teachers and interacting with peers. These attentional demands and associated stressors have increased as students are required to stare at computer screens during online learning as a result of COVID-19 restrictions. However, there is a dearth of research that investigates the role of social and emotional information on attention in children. The present study assessed the effects of social relevance and emotional valence on attentional demands in children and how functioning is related to individual differences in symptoms and deficits that may be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that social and emotional information affect attention in children. Task performance also was associated with negative mood, social stress, and attention focus. This study highlights the need for school-based distance learning interventions to help ameliorate negative social–emotional risks of the COVID-19 pandemic in children. Potential effective avenues include mindfulness-based interventions and attention bias modification training.
A research parasite's perspective on establishing a baseline to avoid errors in secondary analyses
Authors: Raman Ayush T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To enhance reproducibility in scientific research, more and more datasets are becoming publicly available so that researchers can perform secondary analyses to investigate questions the original scientists had not posited. This increases the return on investment for the NIH and other funding bodies. These datasets, however, are not perfect, and a better understanding of the assumptions that shaped them is required. The 2020 Junior Research Parasite Award recognized our work that showed that the signal-to-noise ratio in a particular dataset had not been investigated, leading to an erroneous conclusion in the original research. In this commentary, I share the process that led to the identification of the problem and hopefully provide useful lessons for other research parasites.
A House Divided: Norm Fragmentation in the International Human Rights Regime
Authors: Terman Rochelle , Búzás Zoltán I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although human rights are widely endorsed in the abstract, significant variation exists in the degree to which different states endorse different rights. To what extent is the international human rights community divided? This research note examines fragmentation in the international human rights regime using an inductive, data-driven approach. We trace states’ normative positions as they are expressed in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), a UN mechanism where states “peer review” one another's human rights practices. We analyze over 56,000 recommendations from the first two cycles of the UPR using data collected from the non-profit organization UPR Info. Employing unsupervised scaling and clustering methods, we find four interstate clusters or factions emerging from this process: Civil Libertarians, Developmentalists, Institutionalists, and Egalitarians. Our results indicate that the international human rights regime reflects less a singular community than a set of communities, each constituted by a distinct configuration of normative positions. They also reveal new insights about specific norms: while women's rights and children's rights are broadly endorsed, norms related to sexuality and migration are more contentious and partisan. While our findings are descriptive, they lay the foundation for new causal questions of interest to scholars of human rights and international norms.