bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computationally Repurposing Drugs for Breast Cancer Subtypes Using a Network-Based Approach
Authors: Firoozbakht Forough , Rezaeian Iman , Rueda Luis , Ngom Alioune 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
'De novo' drug discovery is costly, slow, and with high risk. Repurposing known drugs for treatment of other diseases offers a fast, low-cost/risk and highly-efficient method toward development of efficacious treatments. The emergence of large-scale heterogeneous biomolecular networks, molecular, chemical and bioactivity data, and genomic and phenotypic data of pharmacological compounds is enabling the development of new area of drug repurposing called 'in silico' drug repurposing, i.e., computational drug repurposing (CDR). The aim of CDR is to discover new indications for an existing drug (drug-centric) or to identify effective drugs for a disease (disease-centric). Both drug-centric and disease-centric approaches have the common challenge of either assessing the similarity or connections between drugs and diseases. However, traditional CDR is fraught with many challenges due to the underlying complex pharmacology and biology of diseases, genes, and drugs, as well as the complexity of their associations. As such, capturing highly non-linear associations among drugs, genes, diseases by most existing CDR methods has been challenging.We propose a network-based integration approach that can best capture knowledge (and complex relationships) contained within and between drugs, genes and disease data. A network-based machine learning approach is applied thereafter by using the extracted knowledge and relationships in order to identify single and pair of approved or experimental drugs with potential therapeutic effects on different breast cancer subtypes.
Wheat Yield Responses to Rising Temperature: Insights from North Indian Plains of India
Authors: Kuriachen Philip , Devi Asha , Sam Anu Susan , Kumar Suresh , Kumari Jyoti , Suresh A , Jha Girish Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Climate change and consequent variations in temperature pose a significant challenge for sustaining wheat production systems globally. In this study, the potential impact of rising temperature on wheat yield in the north Indian plains, India's major wheat growing region, was analyzed using panel data from the year 1981 to 2009. This study deviates from the majority of the previous studies by including non-climatic factors in estimating the impact of climate change. Two temperature measures were used for fitting the function, viz., Growing Season Temperature (GST) and Terminal Stage Temperature (TST), to find out the differential impact of increased temperature at various growth stages. Analysis revealed that there was a significant rise in both GST as well as TST during the study period. The magnitude of the annual increment in TST was twice that of GST. Wheat yield growth in the region was driven primarily by increased input resources such as fertilizer application and technological development like improved varieties and management practices. Most importantly, the study found that the extent of yield reduction was more significant for an increase in temperature at terminal crop growth stages. The yield reduction due to unit increase in TST was estimated to be 2.26 % while rise in GST by 1◦C resulted in yield reduction of 2.03%.
Universe: the dynamics of the minimum and maximum expansion states
Authors: Petrakis Sócrates 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two hypotheses stand out in describing the evolution of the Universe. The predominant one predicts that the current expansion began at a certain instant and will not preserve any variation of energy that performs work; apparent flat Universe (Ω = 1) is advocated by relativistic calculations and observational data, with an end or thermal death at its maximum expansion (3D Space). The other hypothesis considers that the Universe is cyclical (always alternating phases of expansion and contraction). This proposal aims to demonstrate that both hypotheses can be correct by not being distinct, but complementary. Supported by the immutability of physical laws, analyses of concepts such as space, mass, energy, gravity, spin, and entropy define an exclusive presence of 1D Space in the minimum and maximum expansion states of the Universe. With our 3D Space Universe created and existing between these extreme states, the entire process is outlined. More objectively, the exposed dynamics complements the usual relativity. The concept of complete rest energy (1D Space) was able to be applied, demonstrating that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a perpetual time dimension, always recreating our Universe.
The continuity of prime numbers can lead to even continuity(The ultimate)
Authors: Ling Xie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
n continuous prime numbers can combine a group of continuous even numbers. If an adjacent prime number is followed, the even number will continue. For example, if we take prime number 3, we can get even number 6. If we follow an adjacent prime number 5, we can get even numbers by using 3 and 5: 6, 8 and 10. If a group of continuous prime numbers 3,5,7,11,... P, we can get a group of continuous even numbers 6,8,10,12,..., 2n. Then if an adjacent prime number q is followed, the original group of even numbers 6,8,10,12,..., 2n will be finitely extended to 2 (n + 1) or more adjacent even numbers. My purpose is to prove that the continuity of prime numbers will lead to even continuity as long as 2 (n + 1) can be extended. If the continuity of even numbers is discontinuous, it violates the Bertrand Chebyshev theorem of prime numbers. Because there are infinitely many prime numbers: 3, 5, 7, 11,... We can get infinitely many continuous even numbers: 6,8,10,12,...
What Is The Impact of Atopic Diseases On Symptoms Dimension of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chuang Yu-Chieh , Wang Ching-Yun , Huang Wei-Lieh , Wang Liang-Jen , Kuo Ho-Chang , Chen Yang-Ching , Huang Yu-Jui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Studies in the field of neuroscience and psychology have hypothesized that a causal association exists between atopic diseases and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported a higher risk of ADHD in children with atopic diseases; however, the relationship between ADHD symptoms and atopic diseases remains unclear. We systematically reviewed observational cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to investigate the relationship between atopic diseases and ADHD symptom severity (hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention). The majority of studies showed a statistically significant association between atopic diseases and both ADHD symptoms, with substantial heterogeneity in the outcome of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Inconsistent results were observed in the subgroup analysis of different exclusion criteria for patients with ADHD. Our study indicated that atopic diseases not only increase the risk of ADHD but also are associated with ADHD symptom severity. This association was even observed in children with subthreshold ADHD, indicating that atopic diseases play a role in the spectrum of ADHD symptom severity. Trial registration: This study was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42020213219).
Perspective of Reactive Separation of Levulinic Acid in Conceptual Mixer Settler Reactor
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Ingle Anjali , Shende Diwakar Z. , Wasewar Kailas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many industries are using directly biomass as a raw material for the production of valuable biochemicals. These are used different toxic chemicals such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc. as a catalyst during the production of biochemicals and exit downstream waste material and create environmental pollution. Therefore, downstream waste material separation is important for decrease environmental pollution. Levulinic acid is a carboxylic acid which can be present downstream of industrial waste. It is a very important chemical and can be transformed into different important chemicals such as 1–4 pentanediol, aminolevulinic acid, succinic acid, gamma valarolactone, hydoxyvaleric acid, diphenolic acid, etc. It is considered in the top ten important and bio-derived acids. Levulinic acid can be directly produced from biomass through chemical synthesis and fermentation processes at industrial and lab scales. The synthesis process produces the char whereas the fermentation process produces wastes during the production of levulinic acid, thus increasing the production cost and industrial waste downstream. The separation of levulinic acid from the waste is costly and challenging. In this study, reactive extraction was employed with TOA in i-octanol for the separation of levulinic acid. The experimental results have been expressed in various performance parameters like distribution coefficient (0.099–6.14), extraction efficiency (9–86%), loading ratio (0.09–0.7), and equilibrium constant (11.34–1.05). The mass action law model was also been applied and found the predicted value close with the experimental results. The mixer settler extraction in the series was used to achieve more than 98% separations of acid. Further, the conceptual approach for levulinic acid separation using mixer-settler reactor scheme is discussed and presented various design parameters including extraction efficiency, diffusion coefficient, extraction equilibrium constant, and loading ratio. This study decreases the industry downstream material and can be solved environmental pollution problems.
Source Apportionment, Ecological And Human Health Risks of Toxic Metals In Road Dust of Densely Populated Capital And Connected Major Highway of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md. Morshedul , Sultana Sajin , Niloy Nahin Mostofa , Quraishi Shamshad B. , Tareq Shafi M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigates pollution levels, source apportionment, ecological and human health risks associated with toxic metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr, and Cd) in road dust from the most populated Dhaka city and a connected major highway in Bangladesh. The mean concentration of Pb, Hg, and Cd were 1.3, 29.3, and 13.2 times higher than their corresponding background values with spatially uneven distribution all over the study area. Metal pollution indices, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), NIPI, PI, indicated extreme contamination at many sites depending on local environmental factors. The potential ecological risk (\({\text{E}}_{\text{r}}^{\text{i}})\) revealed that 84% and 54% of samples showed the extreme ecological risk for Hg and Cd pollution, respectively. On the other hand, the potential ecological risk index (PERI) and nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI) showed that most sampling sites suffered high to extreme ecological risk. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified coal combustion and gasoline (50.14%), traffic exhaust (35.26%), and industrial and agriculture activity (14.60%) were the main source of toxic metals of the study area. Non-carcinogenic health risk indicated that adults are more vulnerable than children, and hazard index (HI) of Hg for both age groups and Cd for adults were significantly higher than the safe level. The carcinogenic risk (CR) levels of toxic metals were acceptable (10− 6 to 10− 4), although the maximum limit of Cr for children and As for adults was close to the unacceptable limit (10− 4). Continual exposure to toxic metals through road dust might develop lifetime cancer risk in local inhabitants.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil and Uptake by Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Irrigated with Contaminated Water
Authors: Haddad Marwan , Nassar Doa , Shtaya Munqez 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Impacts of nine heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn) contamination in irrigation water on soil, shoots and roots of barely was investigated. Due to fresh water shortages, the use of available and inexpensive urban wastewater with input from local industrial factories containing heavy metals in irrigation still practiced in the Middle East including Palestine. Barely was grown in plastic pots filled with sandy soil irrigated with simulated treated wastewater during two growing seasons. The metal treatments investigated include one, three, nine, and 15 multiples of average metal content of treated effluent. Results showed that (i) Barley showed similar growth responses but different metal uptake patterns, (ii) Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn in roots and shoots of barley were higher than WHO permissible levels, (iii) all metals accumulated in soil had lower content than WHO permissible levels, (iv) The average value of enrichment factor (EF) for most heavy metals used were around unity indicating poor enrichment to soil and translocation to roots and shoots, (v) The highest Translocation factor (TF=57.8) and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF=126.8) were observed for K indicating its role in enhancing barley's tolerance to drought and its effectiveness in using barley in phytoremediation, and (vi) Barley growth and development and soil quality parameters were significantly affected by repetitive and increased irrigation with wastewater containing heavy metals.
Benefits and Costs of Campaign-Style Environmental Implementation: Evidence from China’s Central Environmental Protection Inspection System
Authors: Pan Dan , Hong Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Campaign-style environmental implementation (CEI) is widely exerted in environmental protection, while its benefits and costs are controversial. We take advantage of the Central Environmental Protection Inspection (CEPI) System— a latest and distinguished form of CEI launched by China in 2016, as a quasi-natural experiment to compare the benefits and costs of CEI based on water pollution effects estimates. Our results based on the annual panel data from 500 cities during 2009-2018 show that CEPI significantly reduced water pollution by an average of 11.2%. Further cost-benefit analysis based on the estimates of water pollution reduction shows that the potential health benefits of mortality and morbidity reduction resulting from CEPI are at least $279.5 billion, which is greater than the $192.2 billion economic losses it causes. The gap is further magnified after considering the potential biases. We also explore why CEPI is cost-effective and find that CEPI reduces water pollution and becomes cost-effective mainly through deterring local officials, punishing polluting enterprises, and increasing public participation in environmental governance.
The PsMYB12L/PsDFR Module is Involved in Double-Color Formation in Paeonia Suffruticosa ‘Shima Nishiki’
Authors: Zhang Xinpeng , Han Xu , Zhao Mingyuan , Yu Xiaoyan , Li Cheng , Xu Zongda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Shima Nishiki’ is a extremely precious double-color cultivar in the world because of its unique and attractive flower color. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of its double-color formation have not been completely unravelled until now. In the present study, firstly, the full-length cDNA sequence, genomic DNA sequence, promoter region sequence of the PsDFR gene in the red and pink petals of the ‘Shima Nishiki’ cultivar were cloned and analyzed, respectively. Meanwhile, the methylation level of CpG island and promoter region of this gene in the red and pink petals was also measured. Moreover, the identification of regulatory effect of PsMYB114L/PsMYB12L and PsDFR was performed. Results: Here, we found that the full-length cDNA sequence, genomic DNA sequence, promoter region sequence of PsDFR were identical in the red and pink petals, respectively. There were some differences for the methylation level of this gene in the red and pink petals, but these differences were little and didn’t show obvious regularity. In addition, the regulatory effect of PsMYB12L and PsDFR was successfully identified. Conclusions: Based on these above results, we concluded that PsMYB12L regulating the differential expression of PsDFR may be a key reason for the double-color formation. These results will advance our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of double-color formation in P. suffruticosa ‘Shima Nishiki’.
Relationship of Trimester-Specific Maternal Thyroid Function With Gestational Weight Gain And Birth Weight In Pregnant Women With Normal Thyroid Autoimmunity
Authors: He Xin , Wang Zhengyuan , Shi Zehuan , Liao Ping , Yan Qin , Song Qi , Cui Xueying , Wang Wenjing , Zang Jiajie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) and birth weight are important indicators of maternal and infant health outcomes. Thyroid function may affect body composition and fetal growth during pregnancy. So far, on the premise of excluding thyroid autoimmunity interference, the correlation of thyroid function in different pregnancy with neonatal birth weight and maternal weight gain is still controversial. Methods: This study used data from a prospective birth cohort in Shanghai, China. Serum concentration of TSH, total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were determined using chemiluminescence assay. Maternal GWG and neonatal sex-specific birth weight-for-gestational age Z-score was calculated.Results: Subjects with a higher BMI before pregnancy turned to have a lower GWG and an infant with a higher birth weight. GWG was negatively associated with maternal FT4 at the first and third trimester (p<0.05), and TT4 at the third trimester (p<0.05). GWG was positively associated with maternal FT3 at the second trimester (p<0.05). Lower birth weight Z-score were associated with higher FT4 at the second and third trimester (p<0.05), and higher TT4 at the second trimester (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the general pregnant population with normal thyroid autoimmunity, higher maternal FT4 and TT4 and lower FT3 are associated with less GWG. Higher maternal FT4 and TT4 have an infant with lower birth weight.
Spatial Distribution, Source Discrimination, and Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Fluoride in Drinking Water Around Brick Kilns of Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan.
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Fatima Rukhsar , Rasool Atta , Wasaya Allah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Water is very important to maintaining life on earth. Fluoride and Arsenic pollution in groundwater is an emerging issue in the world. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure total arsenic, while ion chromatography was used to determine fluoride. The present study was conducted for the health risk assessment of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater around brick kilns. 58 samples of groundwater were collected from district Vehari Punjab and were analyzed for arsenic concentration ranges from 0.330 to 11.120 µg/L, higher than the WHO recommended permissible level of arsenic in drinking water (10 µg/L). The mean value of fluoride in the water supply for drinking is 2.599 mg/L as its concentration ranges are 0.680 to 9.690 mg/L respectively. All the values of fluoride in drinking water were higher than the permissible limit according to WHO standard 1.5 mg/L. The spatial distribution of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater indicates their direct contamination with rock weathering, coal burning, and the use of cheap fuel in brick kilns. The estimated average dose (ADD), hazards quotient (HQ), as well as cancer risk (CR), were computed using statistical formulae to determine the health risks of arsenic and fluoride. The hazard quotient (HQ) values of As and F− in this research area were higher protection and safe limits (HQ > 1), having health risks to the people in this region, caused by brick kilns. Statistical parameters correlation and cluster analysis were used to determining possible contaminant sources in the study area.
Geomorphological And Sedimentary Records of Late Quaternary Activities of Qiaojia-Jinyang Segment of Lianfeng Fault Zone, Southwest China
Authors: Wang Youpeng , Li Dewen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Lianfeng Fault Zone (LFZ) in Southwest China has great significance for understanding the seismogenic environment, but its activity is still poor constrains. The Qiaojia-Jinyang segment (QJS) of LFZ intersects with Jinsha River; Here well developed river terraces provide a potential Spatiotemporal constrains for faulting. Based on investigation of the terrace deposits along river, this paper makes a detailed logging and dating of the faulting and liquefaction of QJS. Combined previous data, the spatiotemporal sequence of the Late Quaternary river terraces in the area was redetermined. It is considered that the first and second grade river terraces at QJS (~10-20m and 60-70m, respectively, above the local river level) are roughly developed in the middle Holocene and the late Late Pleistocene, indicating that the valley along QJS was strongly undercut since the Late Pleistocene. Based on the analysis of the morphological characteristics, spatial distribution, material composition and intersecting relationship between the sand veins and the layers, the cause of the ground motions is preliminarily determined, which indicates the strong seismic activity of the LFZ during the Quaternary. Combined with the faulting characteristics within the profiles of terrace deposits and the dating data of the overlying strata, it is considered that the LFZ is active at least at QJS, and the latest active time is not earlier than the early-middle Holocene. These understandings provide a clear geological evidences for the seismicity assessment at LFZ, and help to the understanding of regional tectonic environment and the prevention of earthquake disasters.
Iodine-125 inhibits invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by downregulating the long noncoding RNA AK213263
Authors: Huo xiaodong , Wang Huixing , Kang Shilei , Huo Bin , Yang Kuo , Chai Shude , Wang junjie , Wang Haitao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:The interstitial implantation of iodine-125 (125I) by thoracotomy represents a new minimally invasive method for the treatment of lung cancer. Plasmacytoma variant translocation1 (AK213263), which is a long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA), is increased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. AK213263 promotes the proliferation of NSCLC cells and is, therefore, an important indicator for early diagnosis and accurate prognosis of NSCLC. However, the detailed molecular mechanism by which 125I and AK213263 affect the pathophysiology of NSCLC remains vague.
Methods: A total of thirty-one pairs of NSCLC tissue and corresponding adjacent healthy lung tissue were collected from Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between March 2015 and September 2016. Using transwell and wound healing assays, together with western blotting and xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that 125I significantly inhibits NSCLC cell invasion and metastasis by downregulating AK213263.
Results:we show that AK213263 was significantly downregulated by 125I treatment in the NSCLC cell lines tested. In a xenograft mouse model, small interfering AK213263 (si-AK213263) effectively reversed the effect of 125I in reducing tumor size.
Conclusion: 125I inhibits NSCLC cell invasion and metastasis by downregulating AK213263. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the oncogenic role of AK213263, which provides a lncRNA-directed target for improved treatment of NSCLC.