bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ultrasound on the Synthesis of Biogas During Disposal of Beer Spent Grain
Authors: Житков Владимир Владимирович , Федоренко Борис Николаевич 
Published: June 2021

Ультразвуковая предварительная обработка считается экологически чистым процессом для повышения биоразлагаемости органических веществ при анаэробном сбраживании. Однако количество потребляемой энергии во время предварительной обработки является проблемой, особенно в тех случаях, когда производство энергии является основной целью биогазовой установки. Основной целью настоящего исследования работы было изучение эффективности ультразвуковой предварительной обработки для увеличения производства биогаза из отходов пивоваренного производства - пивной дробины. Результаты показали, что применение частоты 40 кГц при температуре 40 °С соответственно привело к увеличению выхода биогаза на 83%. Методология показала положительный результат в отношении содержания метана и скорости производства биогаза. Использование ультразвуковой предварительной обработки в отношении пивоваренной дробины для производства биогаза, по-видимому, позволяет решить проблемы не только эффективной утилизации пивоваренных отходов, но и создать экономически эффективный ресурс возобновляемой энергии на пивоваренном или аффилированном с ним производстве.
Ultrasonic pretreatment is considered an environmentally friendly process to increase the biodegradability of organic substances during anaerobic digestion. However, the amount of energy consumed during pretreatment is a problem, especially in cases where energy production is the main purpose of the biogas plant. The main purpose of this study was to study the effectiveness of ultrasonic pretreatment to increase the production of biogas from brewing waste - brewer's grains. The results showed that the use of a frequency of 40 kHz at a temperature of 40 °C, respectively, led to an increase in the biogas yield by 83%. The methodology showed a positive result in terms of methane content and biogas production rate. The use of ultrasonic pretreatment for brewing spent grains for biogas production seems to solve the problems of not only efficient disposal of brewing waste, but also to create an economically efficient resource of renewable energy in brewing or its affiliated production.
The Different Hopping Methods Mathematical Models
Authors: Борисенко Ольга Алексеевна , Грибкова Ирина Николаевна 
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена вопросу сравнения двух способов охмеления - классического и инновационного «холодного» способа внесения хмеля при дображивании пива, - а именно оценке основных факторов процесса, влияющих на интенсивность образования изоксантогумола, характеризующего тона горечи в пиве. Приведены результаты исследования качественных показателей модельных растворов, позволяющих минимизировать влияние прочих органических соединений на уровень содержания изоксантогумола в среде. Математическая оценка зависимостей позволила получить многофункциональные уравнения зависимости содержания изоксантогумола от ряда параметров, играющих важное значение при различных способах охмеления в технологии пивоварения. Математический анализ позволил выявить высокую достоверность полученных данных. Анализ полученных качественных характеристик в доверительном интервале р ≥ 0,95 позволил при классическом способе охмеления выявить влияние рН среды, а при «холодном» способе - живых дрожжевых клеток, преобразующих ксантогумол в изоформу. Основная часть полученных результатов согласовалась с ранее полученными относительно влияния рН, продолжительности охмеления, корреляции количества полифенолов, уровня изоксантогумола. Однако, влияние жизнедеятельности дрожжевых клеток не было отмечено ни в одном труде, что требует дополнительного экспериментального исследования.
The article is devoted to the issue of comparing two hopping methods - the classical and innovative «dry hopping» method during the beer maturation, namely, the process main factors assessment that affect the isoxanthohumol formation intensity, which characterizes the beer bitterness tone. The model solutions qualitative indicators study results, which allow minimizing the effect of other organic compounds on the level of isoxanthohumol content in the medium, are presented. The dependences mathematical assessment made it possible to obtain multifunctional equations for the dependence of the isoxanthohumol content on several parameters that play an important role in various methods of hopping in brewing technology. Mathematical analysis made it possible to reveal the high reliability of the data obtained. The obtained qualitative characteristics analysis in the confidence interval p ≥ 0.95 made it possible to reveal the medium pH influence with the classical method of hopping, and with the «dry hopping» method - living yeast cells that convert xanthohumol into an isoform. Most of the results obtained were consistent with those previously obtained regarding the effect of pH, duration of hopping, and the correlation between the polyphenols amount and the isoxanthohumol level. However, the influence of the yeast cells vital activity was not noted in any work, which requires additional experimental research.
TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA ŞUBE LOKASYONUNUN VERİ MADENCİLİĞİ İLE ANALİZİ
Authors: BAYRAM Seliha Seçil , DÜNDAR Süleyman 
Published: June 2021

Bankaların faaliyet gösterecekleri kuruluş yeri seçimi, banka başarısı açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bankaların kuruluş yeri seçimini etkileyen faktörler bölgenin nüfusu, kişi başına gayri safi milli hasıla ve rekabettir. Bankaların faaliyet yeri seçiminin yanı sıra, müşterilerin de çalışacakları banka seçiminde bankanın yaygın şube ağının olması da tercih edilmektedir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’nin 81 il ve bunlara bağlı ilçe ve beldelerinde yer alan 960 yerleşim yerinde, banka şubelerinin varlığı açısından incelenmesi ve hangi banka şubelerinin aynı yerleşim yerinde birlikte faaliyet gösterdiğini veri madenciliği, Birliktelik Kuralları Analizi, Apriori Algoritması ile belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla “Türkiye Bankalar Birliği’ne kayıtlı, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren bankaların faaliyet gösterdikleri yerleşim yerlerine göre sayıları ve yerleşim yerindeki varlığı “IBM SPSS Modeler” programı ile analiz edilmiştir.
REUSE OF THE AQUEOUS PHASE OF BIO-OIL FRACTIONATION AS A WATER-REPELLENT AGENT FOR WOOD
Authors: Sanson Caio Silvestre Lima , Dias Ivana Amorim , Santos Marina Gorgete , Miranda Bruno De , Cademartori Pedro Henrique Gonzalez de 
Published: June 2021

A simple method to extract pyrolytic lignin from bio-oil is under agitation in water or organic solvent. This process produces a water-insoluble fraction (pyrolytic lignin) and a water-soluble fraction (WS). In this study, we used a physical fractionation technique with water as a liquid agent to separate the two fractions of the fast pyrolysis bio-oil and obtain the WS — the object of study — to test its efficiency as a protective agent for lignocellulosic materials. The study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the aqueous phase (WS) as a water-repellent agent when impregnated into Pinus elliotti wood. To obtain WS, we used two bio-oil:water ratios (1:50 and 1:100) and two agitation speeds (17,000 and 8,500 RPM); they were respectively named WS50 and WS100, both with an average yield of 61% WS. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), thermogravimetry (TGA), contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the WS and the veneers impregnated with it. There were no morphological changes on their surface, especially regarding the non-coating of the wood pits; meanwhile, the TGA showed visible changes in the degree of thermal degradation of the impregnated material related to the chemical composition of the WS identified in the GC-MS. There was a significant increase, on average 62%, in the apparent contact angle of the impregnated wood, approximately 126°. The WS has shown to be efficient as a protective agent by converting the hydrophilic surface of Pinus elliotti into a hydrophobic one, and this effect partially remained after 45 days of exposure.
The Swedish People’s Awareness of The Public Sector Information Directive – a Pilot Study
Authors: Svärd Proscovia 
Published: June 2021

This article is based on a pilot study that investigated the Swedish people’s awareness of the Swedish Public Sector Information (PSI) directive, their understanding of the difference between the PSI-directive and the Public Access Act and whether they had the prerequisite skills required for the use of the Public Sector Information (PSI). Sweden has a long tradition of readily access to official documents which could have delayed the implementation of the European PSI-directive that was enacted in 2003. Sweden implemented its Public-Sector Information (PSI) directive in 2010. The Directive focuses on the commercialization of government information to create an information market and to promote innovation. In Sweden, the PSI directive is intrinsically linked to the e-Government development policy. The study applied a literature review and interviews as data collecting techniques. Sixteen interviews were conducted with varying occupations such as students, a personnel manager, a head of a unit, a doctoral student, a pensioner, a clinical research associate, a workers’ union employee, a web designer, two archivists, a head of an archival institution, an associate professor, a receptionist, and two shoemakers. The conclusion is that there is a need to create awareness about the PSI directive, offer training, and to create an IT infrastructure and projects to promote information about the PSI to avoid a societal a digital divide. The reviewed literature confirmed that PSI usage is still concentrated in the hands of a few citizens that is, those that are already digitally empowered. The study had limitations since it based on a limited number of respondents which means that the results cannot be generalized.
Local Gin: Through the Lens of Ogogoro Consumers
Authors: Adakporia Kennedy Ajiroghene Osakwe 
Published: June 2021

Globally, several studies had established the effects of local gin in human subjects through laboratory, analytical, experimental and objective research methods. There is however a balancing need to investigate the effects from the prism of the consumers.
Aim: To explore the pattern of consumption and effects of prolonged consumption of Ogogoro through a participatory model seeking the opinion of consumers.
Methodology: Cross section survey of one hundred (100) consumers of Ogogoro with informed consent obtained from respondents.
Results Study revealed that Ogogoro has a significant potential to cause heavy drinking as evidenced by 93% of respondents consumes 90mls to 180 mls daily and 88% consumes to oblige uncontrolled cravings. Significant secular and socio-economic effects were found to be quarrelsome, poor physical appearance, always broke, stigmatization, seen as public nuisance and low circle of friends. Conversely, there were low affirmations for loss of job, poor job performance, fighting and loss of friends. Notably, physiological and health effects were found to be excessive urination; loss of weight, excessive sleeping and appetite for food.
Conclusion: While the government had adopted a punitive stance, the author opines advocacy on the potential effects and prevention of Ogogoro would be an achievable primordial strategy for potential consumers. Treatment and rehabilitation of existing consumers could aid as a remedial recovery. Upskilling of brewers and modification of the physico-chemical formulae to make less harmful could bring pragmatic solutions.
In‐Built Quasi‐Solid‐State Poly‐Ether Electrolytes Enabling Stable Cycling of High‐Voltage and Wide‐Temperature Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Yong , Huo Feng , Chen Shimou , Cai Weibin , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeveloping solid‐state electrolytes with good compatibility for high‐voltage cathodes and reliable operation of batteries over a wide‐temperature‐range are two bottleneck requirements for practical applications of solid‐state metal batteries (SSMBs). Here, an in situ quasi solid‐state poly‐ether electrolyte (SPEE) with a nano‐hierarchical design is reported. A solid‐eutectic electrolyte is employed on the cathode surface to achieve highly‐stable performance in thermodynamic and electrochemical aspects. This performance is mainly due to an improved compatibility in the electrode/electrolyte interface by nano‐hierarchical SPEE and a reinforced interface stability, resulting in superb‐cyclic stability in Li||Li symmetric batteries (>4000 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2; >2000 h at 1 mA cm−2/4 mAh cm−2), which are the same for Na, K, and Zn batteries. The SPEE enables outstanding cycle‐stability for wide‐temperature operation (15–100 °C) and 4 V‐above batteries (Li||LiCoO2 and Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2). The work paves the way for development of practical SSMBs that meet the demands for wide‐temperature applicability, high‐energy density, long lifespan, and mass production.
The First Improper Ferroelectric of 2D Multilayered Hybrid Perovskite Enabling Strong Tunable Polarization‐Directed Second Harmonic Generation Effect
Authors: Ma Yu , Wang Jiaqi , Guo Wuqian , Han Shiguo , Xu Jinlong , Liu Yi , Lu Lei , Xie Zhenda , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2D organometallic halide perovskites are recently emerging as a robust family of ferroelectrics, of which their inherent spontaneous polarization (Ps) endows fascinating quadratic nonlinear optical properties. However, up to date, few studies are reported to tune and control the second harmonic generation (SHG) effect in this ferroelectric branch. Herein, the first improper ferroelectric of 2D multilayered hybrid perovskites, (IA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 (1, where IA is isoamylammonium and EA is ethylammonium), which exhibits a high Curie temperature (≈371 K) and biaxial ferroelectricity with Ps of 2.2 µC cm−2 is reported. Strikingly, its unique in‐plane ferroelectricity allows strong tunable SHG properties under the polarized‐light. That is, the maximum SHG signals are observed with polarized‐light parallel to Ps, while the minimum SHG appears along the vertical direction. This SHG anisotropy creates an extremely large dichroism ratio of ≈12, as visualized by 2D color mapping, which is the record‐high merit for this type of SHG systems. To the best knowledge, this is the first time to achieve tunable SHG effects through ferroelectric polarization. As a pioneering study, the coupling between the SHG effect and ferroelectricity paves a new direction of 2D hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics toward smart optical device applications.
Regulating Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition by 3D Zincopilic Nitrogen‐Doped Vertical Graphene for High‐Performance Flexible Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Qinghe , Gao Heng , Gao Yong , Yang Jie , Li Chun , Pu Jie , Du Junjie , Yang Jiayu , Cai Dongming , Pan Zhenghui , Guan Cao , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rapidly growing demand for wearable and portable electronics has driven the recent revival of flexible Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, issues of dendrite growth and low the flexibility of Zn metal anode still impede their practical application. Herein, 3D nitrogen‐doped vertical graphene nanosheets in situ grown on carbon cloth (N‐VG@CC) are proposed to enable uniform Zn nucleation, thereby obtaining a dendrite‐free and robust Zn anode. The introduced zincopilic N‐containing groups in N‐VG effectively reduce the Zn nucleation overpotential by enhancing the interaction between Zn2+ ion and carbon substrate, as confirmed by density functional theory calculations, thus achieving uniform distribution of Zn nucleus. Moreover, the 3D nanosheet arrays can homogenize electric distribution, which optimizes the subsequence Zn deposition process and realizes the highly reversible Zn plating/stripping process. Consequently, the as‐prepared Zn@N‐VG@CC anode exhibits an improved overall electrochemical performance compared with Zn@CC. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the high‐performance Zn@N‐VG@CC electrodes are successfully employed as anodes for coin and flexible quasi‐solid‐state ZIBs together with MnO2@N‐VG@CC (deposited MnO2 nanosheets on N‐VG@CC) as cathodes. More importantly, the flexible ZIB exhibits impressive cycling stability with 80% capacity retention after 300 cycles and outstanding mechanical flexibility, indicating a promising potential for portable and wearable electronics.
Hierarchically Responsive Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Activated Nano‐Artificial Virus for Precise Exogenous and Endogenous Apoptosis Coactivation
Authors: Yang Jin , Song Linjiang , Shen Meiling , Gou Xinyu , Bai Liping , Wang Li , Zhang Wenli , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTargeting apoptotic pathways in tumor cells is recognized as a potent anticancer strategy. However, monotherapies that target a single apoptotic pathway often do not meet expectations and the nonspecific and uncontrolled activation of apoptotic pathways can overshadow potential application prospects. Here, a novel tumor‐microenvironment‐activated nano‐artificial virus (TMAN) with hierarchically responsive capacity is fabricated and loaded with the plasmid encoding tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and mitochondria‐targeted red fluorescent phototoxic protein (KillerRed) simultaneously for precise and controllable exogenous and endogenous apoptosis coactivation. The inert TMAN is endowed with in vivo longevity and undergoes orderly acidity‐triggered deshielding of a masking layer, enzyme‐responsive charge‐reversal, and oxidative stress‐sensitive structural fragmentation in the tumor extra/intracellular microenvironment to exert precise tumor recognition, deep penetration, cellular internalization, rapid endosomes escape, and effective gene release ability, leading to the effective and tumor‐specific delivery of payloads. Given the virtues of TMAN, a favorable collaboration of TRAIL‐triggered exogenous apoptosis and mitochondria‐targeted KillerRed induced endogenous apoptosis is achieved synchronously under the control of light irradiation, thus remarkably improving antitumor efficacy with minimal toxicity. Taken together, this strategy highlights the significance of exogenous and endogenous apoptosis coactivation in cancer treatments and offers a promising paradigm for precise exo/endogenous dual‐augmented antitumor therapy.
Ultrapermeable Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Containing Spirocyclic Units with Fused Triptycenes
Authors: Bezzu C. Grazia , Fuoco Alessio , Esposito Elisa , Monteleone Marcello , Longo Mariagiulia , Jansen Johannes Carolus , Nichol Gary S. , McKeown Neil B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), such as the archetypal spirobisindane‐based PIM‐1, are among the most promising new materials for making gas separation membranes with high permeance for potential use in high‐throughput applications. Here it is shown that ultrapermeable PIMs can be prepared by fusing rigid and bulky triptycene (Trip) to the spirobisindane (SBI) unit. PIM‐SBI‐Trip and its copolymer with PIM‐1 (PIM‐1/SBI‐Trip) are both ultrapermeable after methanol treatment (PCO2 > 20 000 Barrer). Old films, although less permeable, are more selective and therefore provide data that are close to the recently redefined Robeson upper bounds for the important CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, and O2/N2 gas pairs. Temperature‐dependent permeation measurements and analysis of the entropic and energetic contributions of the gas transport parameters show that the enhanced performance of these polymers is governed by strong size‐sieving character, mainly due to the energetic term of the diffusivity, and related to their high rigidity. Both polymers show a relatively weak pressure‐dependence in mixed gas permeability experiments up to 6 bar, suggesting a potential use for CO2 capture from flue gas or for the upgrading of biogas.
A Checkpoint‐Regulatable Immune Niche Created by Injectable Hydrogel for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Zhipeng , Qin Xiaohan , Zhang Mengzhu , Du Qian , Li Zhonghao , Luan Yuxia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent programmed death‐1 ligand (PD‐L1)‐based therapy focuses on local tumors. However, circulating exosomal PD‐L1 possesses inherent anti‐PD‐L1 blockade resistance and dominates tumor metastasis, playing a critical role in systemic immunosuppression. Therefore, the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy depends on simultaneously decreasing tumoral and circulating exosomal PD‐L1. However, such therapeutic platforms have never been reported so far. Herein, a PD‐L1 checkpoint‐regulatable immune niche created by an injectable hydrogel is reported to reprogram PD‐L1 of both tumor and circulating exosomes. Oxidized sodium alginate‐armored tumor membrane vesicle (O‐TMV) as a gelator, with Ca2+ channel inhibitor dimethyl amiloride (DMA) and cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) inhibitor roscovitine formed hydrogel (O‐TMV@DR) in vivo, work as an antigen depot to create an immune niche. O‐TMV chelates Ca2+ within the tumor environment and DMA continuously prevents cellular Ca2+ influx, suppressing Ca2+‐governed exosome secretion with decreased exosome number. Roscovitine not only down‐regulates tumor cell PD‐L1 expression along with decreasing exosomal PD‐L1 expression inherited from parental tumor cells via a genetic blockade effect, but also blunts the cascade connection between PD‐L1 up‐regulation and interferon‐γ stimulation, achieving down‐regulated PD‐L1 expression in both tumor cells and exosomes. Therefore, a full‐scale reprogramming of both tumoral PD‐L1 and exosomal PD‐L1 is achieved, offering an innovative immune checkpoint‐regulatable cancer immunotherapy
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Regulates DNA Methylation by PKCα‐Dependent Nuclear Transport of DNMT3L
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Bin , Chen Yun‐Ping , Tan Min , Zhao Lan , Zhai Yuan‐Yuan , Sun Yan‐Ling , Gong Yan , Feng Xi‐Qiao , Du Jing , Fan Yu‐Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness has profound effects on the regulation of cell functions. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification governing gene expression. However, the effects of ECM stiffness on DNA methylation remain elusive. Here, it is reported that DNA methylation is sensitive to ECM stiffness, with a global hypermethylation under stiff ECM condition in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and embryonic fibroblasts compared with soft ECM. Stiff ECM enhances DNA methylation of both promoters and gene bodies, especially the 5’ promoter regions of pluripotent genes. The enhanced DNA methylation is functionally required for the loss of pluripotent gene expression in mESCs grown on stiff ECM. Further experiments reveal that the nuclear transport of DNA methyltransferase 3‐like (DNMT3L) is promoted by stiff ECM in a protein kinase C α (PKCα)‐dependent manner and DNMT3L can be binding to Nanog promoter regions during cell–ECM interactions. These findings unveil DNA methylation as a novel target for the mechanical sensing mechanism of ECM stiffness, which provides a conserved mechanism for gene expression regulation during cell–ECM interactions.