bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of β-cristobalite in Libyan Desert Glass: The hottest naturally occurring silica polymorph?
Authors: Cavosie Aaron J. , Rickard William D.A. , Evans Noreen J. , Rankenburg Kai , Roberts Malcolm , Macris Catherine A. , Koeberl Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Identifying and determining the origin of β-cristobalite, a high-temperature silica polymorph, in natural samples is challenging as it is rarely, if ever, preserved due to polymorphic transformation to α-cristobalite at low temperature. Formation mechanisms for β-cristobalite in high-silica rocks are difficult to discern, as superheating, supercooling, bulk composition, and trace element abundance all influence whether cristobalite crystallizes from melt or by devitrification. Here we report a study of α-cristobalite in Libyan Desert Glass (LDG), a nearly pure silica natural glass of impact origin found in western Egypt, using electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The studied grains are mostly 250 μm in diameter and consist of ~150 μm wide cores surrounded by ~50 μm wide dendritic rims. Compositional layering in LDG continues across cristobalite grains and mostly corresponds to variations in Al content. However, layering is disrupted in cores of cristobalite grains, where Al distribution records oscillatory growth zoning, whereas in rims the high Al occurs along grain boundaries. Cristobalite cores thus nucleated within layered LDG at conditions that allowed mobility of Al into crystallographically controlled growth zones, whereas rims grew when Al was less mobile. Analysis of 37 elements indicates little evidence of preferential partitioning; both LDG and cristobalite are variably depleted relative to the upper continental crust, and abundance variations correlate to layering in LDG. Orientation analysis of {112} twin systematics in cristobalite by EBSD confirms that cores were formerly single β-cristobalite crystals. Combined with published experimental data, these results provide evidence for high-temperature (&gt;1350 °C) magmatic crystallization of oscillatory zoned β-cristobalite in LDG. Dendritic rims suggest growth across the glass transition by devitrification, driven by undercooling, with transformation to α-cristobalite at low temperature. This result represents the highest formation temperature estimate for naturally occurring cristobalite, which is attributed to the near pure silica composition of LDG and anomalously high temperatures generated during melting by meteorite impact processes.
Fission-track etching in apatite: A model and some implications
Authors: Jonckheere Raymond , Aslanian Carolin , Wauschkuhn Bastian , Ratschbacher Lothar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
From their formation, fission tracks are complex structures, onto which their thermal histories come to be imprinted. Track etching leaves elongated voids whose lengths and orientations are used for reconstructing these histories. It is thus important to understand etching for interpreting track data. We revive an existing dissolution model that explains the geometries and dimensions of etched fission tracks in apatite. It implies that on continued etching, the track contours come to reflect the minimum and maximum apatite etch rates, at the same time that all trace of the track structure is erased. We cannot derive valid etch rates from the dimensions of the track openings or from the length increase of step-etched confined tracks. The roundedness of the track tips is not a measure of etching progress. Understanding the contours of confined tracks does permit, in most cases, to calculate their true etch times. We propose to exploit this fact to set an etch-time window and to model the confined-track data in this interval. The excluded measurements will be those of the least-etched and most-etched tracks. This numerical loss is offset by the fact that an etch-time window relaxes the requirement of a fixed immersion time, and a longer immersion multiplies the measurable confined tracks. This calls for no changes to existing procedures if the etch-time windows for different protocols give consistent results. The length data for apatites with different compositions could become comparable if their etch-time windows were linked to a compositional parameter.
DETERMINAN CASH HOLDING BANK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Murtini Umi , Ukru Mathew Julius 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh arus kas, modal kerja bersih, leverage, dan pembayaran dividen terhadap cash holding pada perusahaan bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Leverage berpengaruh signifikan terhadap cash holding dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,0366. Sedangkan variabel arus kas, modal kerja bersih, dan pembayaran dividen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepemilikan kas.Kata kunci: cash holding, arus kas, modal kerja bersih, pembayaran dividen ABSTRACT This research aims to examine the effect of cash flow, net working capital, leverage, and dividend payment on cash holding of bank companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. Sampling was done using purposive sampling technique. The type of research is associative research with a quantitative approach, the data analysis used is the classical assumption test and multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that leverage has a significant effect on Cash Holding with a significant value of 0.0366. Meanwhile, the variables of cash flow, net working capital, and dividend payment have no significant effect on cash holding.Keywords: cash holding, cash flow, net working capital, dividend payment
Phase-Changeable Nanoparticle-Mediated Energy Conversion Promotes
Highly Efficient High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation
Authors: Zeng Zeng , Liu Ji-Bin , Peng Cheng-Zhong 
Published: July 2021

:
This review describes how phase-changeable nanoparticles enable highly-efficient
high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU). HIFU is effective in the clinical treatment
of solid malignant tumors; however, it has intrinsic disadvantages for treating some deep lesions,
such as damage to surrounding normal tissues. When phase-changeable nanoparticles
are used in HIFU treatment, they could serve as good synergistic agents because they are
transported in the blood and permeated and accumulated effectively in tissues. HIFU’s thermal
effects can trigger nanoparticles to undergo a special phase transition, thus enhancing
HIFU ablation efficiency. Nanoparticles can also carry anticancer agents and release them in
the targeted area to achieve chemo-synergistic therapy response. Although the formation of
nanoparticles is complicated and HIFU applications are still in an early stage, the potential for
their use in synergy with HIFU treatment shows promising results.
Friend or Foe: UCHL3 Mediated Carcinogenesis and Current
Approaches in Small Molecule Inhibitors’ Development
Authors: Samy Mona Ahmed , Abd El Fatah Nada Mohamady , Yahia Safa Elsayed , Arafa Reem K. 
Published: July 2021

:
As cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death, various cancer treatments
are being developed from traditional surgery to the more recent emergence of target
therapy. However, therapy resistance is a restricting problem that needs to be overcome.
Henceforth, the field of research shifts to new plausible drug targets, among which is the
ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review is focused on the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase
(UCH) protease family, which are members of Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs),
specifically Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3). DUBs regulate a broad array
of regulatory processes, including cell-cycle progression, tissue development, and differentiation.
DUBs are classified into seven subfamilies, including ubiquitin-specific proteases
(USPs), JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme, ovarian tumor proteases (OTUs), Josephin and
JAB1/MPN+(MJP), MIU-containing novel DUB (MINDY), zinc finger-containing ubiquitin
peptidase 1 (ZUP1), and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs). Having a significant role in
tumorigenesis, UCHL3 is thus emerging as a therapeutic target. Knowing its involvement in
cancer, it is important to understand the structure of UCHL3, its substrate specificity, and interaction
to pave the way for the development of potential inhibitors. This review covers several
directions of proteasome inhibitors drug discovery and small molecule inhibitors development.
Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Overexpressing the Neuroprotective
Proteins PEDF and GM-CSF to Treat Degeneration of the Neural
Retina
Authors: Bascuas Thais , Zedira Hajer , Kropp Martina , Harmening Nina , Asrih Mohamed , Prat-Souteyrand Cécile , Tian Shuwei , Thumann Gabriele 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Non-viral transposon-mediated gene delivery can overcome viral vectors’
limitations. Transposon gene delivery offers the safe and life-long expression of genes such as Pigment
Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
(GM-CSF) to counteract retinal degeneration by reducing oxidative stress damage.

Objective:
The study aimed at using Sleeping Beauty transposon to transfect human Retinal Pigment
Epithelial (RPE) cells with the neuroprotective factors PEDF and GM-CSF to investigate the
effect of these factors on oxidative stress damage.

Methods:
Human RPE cells were transfected with PEDF and GM-CSF by electroporation, using
the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon gene delivery system (SB100X). Gene expression was
determined by RT-qPCR, and protein level by Western Blot as well as ELISA. The cellular stress
level and the neuroprotective effect of the proteins were determined by measuring the concentrations
of the antioxidant glutathione in human RPE cells, and conducting immunohistochemical examination
of retinal integrity, inflammation, and apoptosis of rat Retina-Organotypic Cultures
(ROC) exposed to H2O2.

Results:
Human RPE cells were efficiently transfected showing a significantly augmented gene expression
and protein secretion. Human RPE cells overexpressing PEDF and/or GM-CSF or pretreated
with recombinant proteins presented significantly increased glutathione levels post-H2O2 incubation
than non-transfected/untreated controls. rPEDF and/or rGM-CSF-treated ROC exhibited
decreased inflammatory reactions and cell degeneration.

Conclusion:
GM-CSF and/or PEDF could be delivered successfully to RPE cells with combined
use of SB100X and electroporation. PEDF and/or GM-CSF reduced H2O2-mediated oxidative stress
damage in RPE cells and ROC offering an encouraging technique to re-establish a cell protective
environment to halt age-related retinal degeneration.
Recent Advances in Efficacy of using Doxorubicin Gold Nanoparticles for
Chemo-, Radio-, Photothermal, and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Choubdar Niloufar , Avizheh Sara , Karimifard Seyed Ali 
Published: July 2021

:
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in drug delivery systems specifically for chemo-,
radio-, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy. Due to the lack of selectivity toward tumor
cells, the main target in therapies is to deliver drugs to cancer cells to reduce side effects. Gold
nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been described as “promising nanocarriers for therapeutics” due to
many properties such as low inherent toxicity, high water solubility, and biocompatibility. Many research
groups have focused on taking advantage of two or more therapies simultaneously to have
increased efficacy using a lower dosage of the therapeutic drug and reduced multi-drug resistance
(MDR). Alternatively, doxorubicin (Dox) modification has been used as a strategy for increased selectivity
toward target cells. Over the years, many studies have been performed on NPs to eliminate
side effects using polymers, peptides, proteins, DNA, metallic NPs, microgels, and hydrogels
on drug carriers. In this review, recent advances of using Dox-AuNPs for chemo-, radio-, photothermal,
photodynamic, and combination therapy are briefly discussed, and we also highlight recent
progress in the application of Dox-AuNPs for effective cancer therapy.
Data Mining of Differentially Expressed Genes in Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma: Implications in Precise Medicine
Authors: Zhao Jie , Gao Hongjie , He Yun 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC) is a ubiquitous gynecological malignancy
with complicated pathogenesis. Genetic risk factors and pathways involved in the prognosis
of this cancer are not yet understood completely. Determining genetic markers with diagnostic and
prognostic values would pave the way for efficient management of cancer.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the genes and the regulatory networks involved in the occurrence
and prognosis of EOC through different bioinformatics analysis tools. In addition, recent
advances in using bioinformatic analysis approaches based on the genes and regulatory networks,
particularly Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in improving the diagnosis and prognosis of
EOC, are discussed.

Methods:
The gene expression profiles of GSE18520, GSE54388, and GSE27651 were downloaded
from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and further analyzed with different analyses
in R language. Current literature on using bioinformatics based on DEGs and associated regulatory
networks to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of EOC was reviewed.

Results:
Analyses of the gene expression levels between the malignant tissue against normal tissue
unveiled 163 DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and
Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed on the target genes using cluster profile package
and Cytoscape package was employed to assess the protein interaction network of these genes.
The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed using the CytoHubba plug-in to identify 20
hub genes. In addition, we analyzed the prognosis of the hub genes using the Kaplan-Meier survival
analysis that revealed evident differences in the prognosis of 13 genes. The malignant tissues
exhibited a differential expression of 12 genes against healthy tissues as shown by Gene Expression
Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) analysis.

Conclusion:
Findings of this study revealed 12 genes to be significantly up-regulated and the prognosis
was significantly different, which could be employed to potentially target EOC in clinical
practice.
Contrast-induced Nephropathy in Non-cardiac Vascular Procedures, A Narrative Review: Part 2
Authors: Raffort Juliette , Lareyre Fabien , Katsiki Niki , Mikhailidis Dimitri P 
Published: July 2021

:
This is Part 2 of a narrative review summarizing the literature on CIN after non-cardiac
vascular diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, focusing on peripheral artery disease (PAD) and renal
artery stenosis (RAS). Part 1 discussed CIN in relation to aortic aneurysms and carotid stenosis.
We comment on the incidence, biomarkers, risk factors and consequences of CIN in patients with
PAD or RAS, as well as on strategies to prevent CIN. Future perspectives in the field ofCIN in relation
to non-cardiac vascular procedures are also considered.
The Importance of Flavonoids and Phytochemicals of Medicinal Plants
with Antiviral Activities
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli , Cheng Qi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
In this mini-review article, we have mentioned the key roles of some of the most important
herbal plants medicine containing flavonoids and phytochemicals with antiviral activities. All
relevant information was searched by using the terms, influenza, phytochemicals, SARS, SARSCov-
2, flavonoids, and traditional medicinal plants uses, from reliable databases, such as PubMed,
Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The most important medicinal herbs which contain flavonoids
with antiviral activities are Limonium densiflorum, Oroxylum indicum, Tribulus terrestris L., Paulownia
tomentosa Steud., Allophylus africanus, Houttuynia cordata, Moslea Herba, Mosla scabra,
Scutellaria baicalensis, Berries, Genus Psoralea, Sophora tonkinensis, Trollius chinensis, Tilia cordata,
Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Seabuckthorn), Paulownia tomentosa steud, and C. swietenia. Phytochemicals
are chemicals of plant origin produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism.
The most important medicinal plants, which contain phytochemicals with antiviral activities are
Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.), Forsythia suspense, Ligustrum lucidum, Radix Paeoniae
Alba (Bai Shao), Banlangen (Radix Isatidis), Lysiphyllum strychnifolium, Phellinus baumii, Mesona
chinensis, Sanguinaria Canadensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Isatis indigotica, Pelargonium sidoides, Entada
Africana Guill., Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Lychee
fruit extract, Lycoris radiate, Cistus incanus, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne (Chinese quince), Geranium
sanguineum L., and Tea polyphenols. Natural products from traditional herbal medicines, especially
traditional Chinese and Persian medicines, have been found to exert antiviral impacts against
influenza and human coronaviruses. The natural plant-derived compounds that have been used for
treating various diseases are flavonoids and phytochemicals.
The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Sloan Gordon , Alam Uazman , Selvarajah Dinesh , Tesfaye Solomon 
Published: July 2021

:Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (painful-DPN) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition, affecting up to one-third of patients with diabetes. This condition can have a profound impact resulting in a poor quality of life, disruption of employment, impaired sleep, and poor mental health with an excess of depression and anxiety. The management of painful-DPN poses a great challenge. Unfortunately, currently there are no Food and Drug Administration (USA) approved disease-modifying treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as trials of putative pathogenetic treatments have failed at phase 3 clinical trial stage. Therefore, the focus of managing painful- DPN other than improving glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factor modification is treating symptoms. The recommended treatments based on expert international consensus for painful- DPN have remained essentially unchanged for the last decade. Both the serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SNRI) duloxetine and α2δ ligand pregabalin have the most robust evidence for treating painful-DPN. The weak opioids (e.g. tapentadol and tramadol, both of which have an SNRI effect), tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and α2δ ligand gabapentin are also widely recommended and prescribed agents. Opioids (except tramadol and tapentadol), should be prescribed with caution in view of the lack of definitive data surrounding efficacy, concerns surrounding addiction and adverse events. Recently, emerging therapies have gained local licenses, including the α2δ ligand mirogabalin (Japan) and the high dose 8% capsaicin patch (FDA and Europe). The management of refractory painful-DPN is difficult; specialist pain services may offer off-label therapies (e.g. botulinum toxin, intravenous lidocaine and spinal cord stimulation), although there is limited clinical trial evidence supporting their use. Additionally, despite combination therapy being commonly used clinically, there is little evidence supporting this practise. There is a need for further clinical trials to assess novel therapeutic agents, optimal combination therapy and existing agents to determine which are the most effective for the treatment of painful-DPN. This article reviews the evidence for the treatment of painful-DPN, including emerging treatment strategies such as novel compounds and stratification of patients according to individual characteristics (e.g. pain phenotype, neuroimaging and genotype) to improve treatment responses.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Multidetector CT Angiography in the Diagnosis of Takayasu's Arteritis: Assessment of Disease Extent and Correlation with Disease Activity
Authors: Sarma Kalyan , Handique Akash , Phukan Pranjal , Daniala C. , Chutia Happy , Barman Bhupen 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Takayasu’s Arteritis (TA) is a large vessel vasculitis with diverse clinical
presentations and arterial vascular bed involvement.It is characterized by chronic, nonspecific inflammation
of all layers of the vessel wall which results in stenosis, occlusion, dilatation, or
aneurysm formation in the involved blood vessels.

Methods:
The study included 36 patients of TA. All patients fulfilled the modified Ishikawa’s diagnostic
criteria for TA. All patients were evaluated for clinical presentation, angiographic findings,
and severity of the disease. The disease activity was assessed based on Erythrocyte Sedimentation
Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and also by CT Angiography (CTA)/Magnetic resonance
angiography (MRA)imaging. The angiographic types were classified based on the International
TA Conference in Tokyo 1994 angiographic classification.

Results:
A total of 36 patients were included in the study, 86%were females and a mean age of
21.6 years. Hypertension (78%) was the most common clinical presentation. Type V was the most
common angiographic type (42%) followed by type III (25%), type IV (14%), type IIb (11%), type
I (5%) and type IIa (3%). Among the aortic arch branches the left subclavian artery (50%), right
subclavian artery (38.8%), left vertebral artery (33.3%) and left common carotid artery (27.7%)
were the most commonly involved arteries. Disease activity based on CT / MR imaging showed a
significant statistical correlation with elevated ESR and positive CRP (p < 0.0001). Mediastinal
lymphadenopathy was seen in 21 patients out of which 11 had active disease. However, no significant
correlation was found between mediastinal lymphadenopathy and disease activity.

Conclusions:
TA presents with varied symptomatology and differing vascular involvement. CT/MR
angiography is effective in diagnosis and accurately predicted the active stage of the disease.
Withdrawal Notice: Investigation of the Use of Neural Networks for Diagnosing Breast Cancer on Mammograms
Authors: Ivanova Galina S. , Golovkov Alexander A. , Petrova Iana S. , Borodin Alexander A. , Shakhlan Anastasia O. , Umnov Alexander V. , Lonshakova Kristina A. , Kelenin Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2021

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