bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Performance Optimization Technology of Complex Equipment Software Database
Authors: Liu Bo-Jiang , Wu Li-Jin , He Wei , Han Xin-Yu , Tang Long-Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Complex equipment software usually uses a database to store data. In order to enable it to run stably and efficiently during use, it is necessary to ensure the performance of database access. How to design and manage the database reasonably and optimize the database query has attracted much attention. This article studies the database access performance problems of MySQL equipment used by complex equipment software, studies database optimization techniques, and provides a database optimization solution for the database access delay problems that occur during project operation. Reduced waste of resources, thereby improving the efficiency of system database access, and solving the problem of system access to the database delay.
Research on the Requirement Analysis and Management Method of Aircraft PHM System
Authors: Chen C , Ma X L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent years, the forward design based on requirements has become the mainstream mode of aircraft and its component systems development. Requirements analysis and management not only runs through the whole process of system development and validation activities, but also plays an important role in these activities. However, there are some practical problems in the requirement analysis and management of prognostics and health management (PHM) system of aircraft, such as lack of method and process guidance, incomplete stakeholder analysis, and nonstandard requirement description. Therefore, based on the theory of system engineering, this paper puts forward the basic methods and suggestions of PHM system stakeholder analysis, formulates the technical process and key points of PHM system requirement analysis in demonstration and scheme stage, and clarifies the basic principles of PHM system requirement specification. And the related research of this paper aims to improve the quality and efficiency of requirement analysis and management of aircraft PHM system, and to lay the foundation for the development of system architecture and function as well.
Product life cycle-based digital plant modelling method for process industry
Authors: Gong Zhong-Xia , Zhang Wen-Xin , Li Tie-Ke , Wang Bai-Lin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Digital factory is a core technology of intelligent manufacturing, which provides a powerful guarantee for production quality, reliability and stability. For building a digital factory of complex process industry, this paper presents a product life cycle-based data modelling method that is oriented towards the product life cycle and core business in process industry. Firstly, it identifies key manufacturing nodes and management nodes, extracts core characteristics and parameters of production, products, and equipment, and then digitizes physical entities in the plant. A data model including conceptual models and logical models is then built, thereby formalizing the entities in the plant and the relationships among them to achieve unified data integration management. This digital plant model defines equipment data, product data, quality data, product specifications, process specifications, management rules and so on to meet the requirements of both production management and production control. It builds a highly structured data model that horizontally covers multiple production lines and vertically supports multiple levels of production control and management systems, providing core technology for digital plant in complex process industry.
Dynamic Safety Assessment of Aircraft Mechanism using Extremum Framework with Fault Tree Analysis
Authors: Chen J Y , Feng Y W , Guo Y N , Lu C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid two-level inventory allocation method based on multi-echelon technique for recoverable item control (METRIC) was applied to the spare parts allocation of amphibious aircraft. Firstly, the principle of the spare parts inventory configuration model of amphibious aircraft based on hybrid two-level repair was expounded. The mathematical model was established with maintenance cost as objective function and availability and volume of spare parts as constraints. Secondly, marginal analysis was used to help allocate spare parts, the process of solving the mathematical model was discussed, and the calculation formulas of the quantities involved were briefly stated. Finally, with the line replaceable units of landing gear as the research object, the spare parts inventory allocation of a amphibious aircraft was solved according to the method proposed in this paper. This paper provides an approach to allocate spare parts of amphibious aircraft.
Feasibility Study of Pinhole Inspection via Magnetic Flux Leakage and Hydrostatic Testing in Oil & Gas Pipelines
Authors: Zhang Hailiang , Sha Shengyi , Willis Chris , Qingshan Feng , Chen Pengchao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Oil & Gas pipeline pinhole leaks are more likely to lead to serious consequences than larger leaks because they are difficult to discover through conventional monitoring and patrolling. An undetected pinhole leak can lead to significant soil and groundwater pollution over time. The effectiveness and applicability of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) in characterizing and sizing pinhole defects is studied by pull test in a 10-inch pipe string with manufactured defects. MFL technologies from five vendors were tested in blind scenarios. In addition, the feasibility of using hydrostatic testing to detect pinhole defects is investigated. The results show that the MFL signal may be affected by pinhole diameter, depth, position, and so on. An optimal practice was developed by comparing the gap between MFL tracks, sampling frequency, intensity of magnetic field, etc. And there was no significant reduction in pressure capacity within the test pipe segment with pinhole. So it is speculated that hydrostatic testing can only identify pinholes that have fully penetrated the pipe wall.
Bearing fault diagnosis method based on CNN-LightGBM
Authors: Jia Xin , Xiao Boping , Zhao Zhanjuan , Ma Lin , Wang Naichao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, deep neural networks have been widely used in bearing fault diagnosis. Aiming at the problem that the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) has insufficient generalization ability and low accuracy in rolling bearing fault diagnosis, this paper presents a new fault diagnosis model based on CNN and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). By using the original vibration signal directly, the new model firstly uses the deep convolutional neural network with small kernel to extract features and introduces the batch normalization and the Adam algorithm to improve the rolling bearing fault diagnosis model convergence speed and generalization ability. Then, combined with the efficient and accurate characters of LightGBM in classification prediction, the extracted features are imported into LightGBM for training to complete bearing fault diagnosis of different fault types. This new model can realize the fault diagnosis of rolling bearing directly from end to end without extracting the fault feature of rolling bearing vibration signal by hand. The results of the comparative experiments on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) public bearing dataset show that the new model improves the accuracy compared to just using CNN. The experimental results also confirm that the proposed method has feature learning ability and has good ability for fault diagnosis.
Friction energy map for sliding wear of Al2O3-TiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2 coatings
Authors: Mehar Sanket , Sapate S G , Vashishtha Nitesh , Bagde Pranay , Rathod Avishkar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present study deals with the development of friction energy map for plasma sprayed Al2O3-TiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2 coatings. Al2O3-TiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2 coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spray technique. The structural and mechanical properties of coatings were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Vickers macro and micro hardness test. Sliding wear tests were performed on coated specimens over a range of sliding speed and load using pin on disc test apparatus. The analysis of worn surface and wear debris was carried by SEM, XRD and Raman Spectroscopy. Cr2O3-TiO2 coating showed higher hardness and elastic modulus and relatively lower fracture toughness than Al2O3-TiO2 coating. Al2O3-TiO2 coatings exhibited 1.8 times better wear resistance and 11%–30% lower friction coefficient, as compared to Cr2O3-TiO2 coating, depending upon the wear test conditions. The reduction in friction coefficient and wear rate at higher sliding speed was due to the formation of tribofilms on worn surface. A good correlation was observed between friction energy and contact severity; which incorporates mechanical properties of coatings. Friction energy map was used to rationalize wear rates of Al2O3-TiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2 coatings, for the identification of various wear regimes and failure modes of the coating.
Alternative pulmonary artery reconstruction technique in the arterial switch operation
Authors: Hongu Hisayuki , Yamagishi Masaaki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Itatani Keiichi , Shimada Masatoshi , Nakatsuji Hiroki , Hohri Yu , Nabeshima Jyunya , Yaku Hitoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Late complications of arterial switch operations (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries, such as neo-pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis and/or neoaortic regurgitation, have been reported. We developed an alternative reconstruction method called the longitudinal extension (LE) method to prevent PA bifurcation stenosis (PABS).

METHODS
We identified 48 patients diagnosed with transposition of the great arteries and performed ASO using the Lecompte manoeuvre for neo-PA reconstruction. In 9 consecutive patients (from 2014), the LE method was performed (LE). Before 2014, conventional techniques were performed in 39 patients (C). The median body weight and age in the LE and C groups were 3.0 and 3.1 kg and 12 and 26 days, respectively. In the LE group, 1 patient underwent bilateral PA banding before ASO. In C, PA banding and arch repair were performed in 1 patient each. Patients who received concomitant procedures were included.

RESULTS
The median follow-up in LE and C groups was 1.9 and 10.1 years, respectively. Early mortality/late death was not found in group LE and in 1 patient in group C. Only 1 case required ascending aorta sliding plasty in LE, and 8 patients needed PA augmentation for PABS in C. The median velocity of right/left PA was measured as 1.6/1.9 m/s in LE and 2.1/2.3 m/s in C, so it showed a lower value in LE.

CONCLUSIONS
Excellent mid-term results were obtained with the LE method. It was considered a useful procedure in preventing PABS, which is a primary late complication of ASO. Further follow-up and investigations are needed.
Diffraction of elastic waves by a fluid-filled crack in a fluid-saturated poroelastic half-space
Authors: Liu Zhongxian , Liu Jiaqiao , Meng Sibo , Sun Xiaojian 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
An indirect boundary element method (IBEM) is developed to model the 2-D diffraction of seismic waves by a fluid-filled crack in a fluid-saturated poroelastic half-space, using Green's functions computed considering the distributed loads, flow and fluid characteristics. The influence of the fluid-filled crack on the diffraction characteristics is investigated by analysing key parameters, such as the excitation frequency, incident angle, crack width and depth, and medium porosity. The results for the fluid-filled crack model are compared to those for the fluid-free crack model under the same conditions. The numerical results demonstrate that the fluid-filled crack has a significant amplification effect on the surface displacements, and that the effect of the depth of the fluid-filled crack is more complex compared to the influence of other parameters. The resonance diffraction generates an amplification effect in the case of normally incident P waves. Furthermore, the horizontal and vertical displacement amplitudes reach 4.2 and 14.1, respectively. In the corresponding case of the fluid-free crack, the vertical displacement amplitude is only equal to 4.1, indicating the amplification effect of the fluid in the crack. Conversely, for normally incident SV waves at certain resonance frequencies, the displacement amplitudes above a fluid-filled crack may be lower than the displacement amplitudes observed in the corresponding case of a fluid-free crack.
On Radon Measures Invariant Under Horospherical Flows on Geometrically Infinite Quotients
Authors: Landesberg Or , Lindenstrauss Elon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider a locally finite (Radon) measure on $ {\operatorname{SO}}^+(d,1)/ \Gamma $ invariant under a horospherical subgroup of $ {\operatorname{SO}}^+(d,1) $ where $ \Gamma $ is a discrete, but not necessarily geometrically finite, subgroup. We show that whenever the measure does not observe any additional invariance properties then it must be supported on a set of points with geometrically degenerate trajectories under the corresponding contracting $ 1 $-parameter diagonalizable flow (geodesic flow).
Introduction
Authors: Veljanovski Cento 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of cartel damages. The Damages Directive 2014/104/EU Article 2(14) defines a cartel as ‘an agreement or concerted practice between two or more competitors aimed at coordinating their competitive behaviour on the market or influencing the relevant parameters of competition’. Not only do cartels harm their customers and suppliers, they restrict and distort competition as well as markets, and retard economic growth, productivity, and product innovation. As such, a cartel is illegal under Article 101 TFEU and in the UK is a Chapter I Prohibition under the Competition Act 1998. Indeed, competition authorities around the world are cracking down on cartels. In the last two decades, the European Commission has focused on cartels, imposing heavy fines and encouraging those who have been harmed to sue for damages. The UK, Ireland, Australia, and other countries have followed the US by making price-fixing a criminal offence and have jailed and disqualified directors. This chapter then considers the implications of Brexit for competition law and private damages actions.
Statistical Evidence
Authors: Veljanovski Cento 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the econometric approach, and its forensic use and misuse. Econometrics is a set of statistical techniques which estimate the overall and individual effects of variables that affects a variable of interest whether it be prices, output, and so on. The major attraction of multiple regression analysis is its ability to simultaneously account for, estimate, and quantify the myriad factors which influence prices or output. Specifically, in the context of cartel damage, it holds out the possibility of estimating the ‘but for’ price adjusted for the non-cartel factors which affect prices in a systematic and credible way. There are three general multiple regression approaches to estimating overcharges: dummy variable (DVA), predictive, and difference-in-differences. Other statistical techniques can be useful in damages cases such as time series analysis and event studies.
Economics of Pass-on
Authors: Veljanovski Cento 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at the economics of pass-on. The economics of pass-on is an aspect of the economists' theory of cost incidence. This is the study of the way a cost or tax increase is shifted and distributed between producers, consumers, and factors of production. It shows that the legal and economic incidence of a cost can differ radically and often in an unexpected way from its initial incidence. The extent of pass-on and any associated volume effect will depend on a range of factors including the nature of the overcharge; the demand and supply conditions; the market structure; and the pricing policies adopted by purchasers. The volume effect generates two losses: lost profits and the deadweight loss. Collecting all these losses together, full compensation requires that the direct purchasers as a group receive damages for the overcharge plus lost profits on the sales not made, minus the amount passed-on.
Other Treatment Standards
Authors: Salacuse Jeswald W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter highlights other treatment standards. In addition to the usual treaty standards of treatment discussed in previous chapters, individual investment treaties, depending on the policies of the countries concerned and the negotiation dynamics between contracting states, may impose other obligations on host states with respect to their treatment of investments and investors. Such treatment provisions do not appear in all treaties and are subject to a variety of linguistic formulations. Moreover, although they were rarely the subject of arbitration or litigation in the early years of the bilateral investment treaty (BIT) movement, investors have increasingly alleged their violation in investor–state arbitral proceedings, beginning with the second decade of the twenty-first century. These treatment standards include treatment with respect to performance requirements; entry and residence of foreign nationals and managerial personnel; compensation for losses due to war, revolution, and civil disturbance; transparency and regulatory due process; and the subrogation obligation.
Advisory Opinions by ITLOS
Authors: Kittichaisaree Kriangsak 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on advisory opinions by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). Like the International Court of Justice, ITLOS may render and has rendered advisory opinions on legal questions within its areas of competence. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) expressly provides for the advisory jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber of ITLOS, but not the full bench of ITLOS itself. According to Article 191 of UNCLOS, the Seabed Disputes Chamber shall give advisory opinions at the request of the Assembly or the Council of the International Seabed Authority on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities, and such opinions shall be given as a matter of urgency. The full bench of ITLOS has held that the substantive legal basis of the full-bench ITLOS’ advisory jurisdiction is Article 21 of its Statute stipulating that ITLOS’ jurisdiction comprises all disputes and all applications submitted to it in accordance with UNCLOS and all matters specifically provided for in any other agreement which confers jurisdiction on ITLOS. The ITLOS Rules elaborate the procedure in this respect.
La prise en charge d’urgence du patient pédiatrique en état de mal épileptique convulsif
Authors: McKenzie Kyle C , Hahn Cecil D , Friedman Jeremy N 
Published: February 2021

Résumé
Les présentes lignes directrices portent sur la prise en charge d’urgence de l’état de mal épileptique convulsif chez les nourrissons âgés de plus d’un mois et les enfants. Elles remplacent un document de principes publié en 2011 et comprennent un nouvel algorithme thérapeutique, de même qu’un tableau des médicaments recommandés en fonction de nouvelles données probantes qui reflètent l’évolution de la pratique clinique des quelques dernières années. Le présent document de principes souligne l’importance d’un traitement pharmacologique rapide de l’état de mal épileptique convulsif et contient des conseils relativement à la démarche diagnostique et aux soins de soutien.
ATM controls meiotic DNA double-strand break formation and recombination and affects synaptonemal complex organization in plants
Authors: Kurzbauer Marie-Therese , Janisiw Michael Peter , Paulin Luis F , Prusén Mota Ignacio , Tomanov Konstantin , Krsicka Ondrej , von Haeseler Arndt , Schubert Veit , Schlögelhofer Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that gives rise to genetically distinct gametic cells. Meiosis relies on the tightly controlled formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their repair via homologous recombination for correct chromosome segregation. Like all forms of DNA damage, meiotic DSBs are potentially harmful and their formation activates an elaborate response to inhibit excessive DNA break formation and ensure successful repair. Previous studies established the protein kinase ATM as a DSB sensor and meiotic regulator in several organisms. Here we show that Arabidopsis ATM acts at multiple steps during DSB formation and processing, as well as crossover (CO) formation and synaptonemal complex (SC) organization, all vital for the successful completion of meiosis. We developed a single-molecule approach to quantify meiotic breaks and determined that ATM is essential to limit the number of meiotic DSBs. Local and genome-wide recombination screens showed that ATM restricts the number of interference-insensitive COs, while super-resolution STED nanoscopy of meiotic chromosomes revealed that the kinase affects chromatin loop size and SC length and width. Our study extends our understanding of how ATM functions during plant meiosis and establishes it as an integral factor of the meiotic program.