bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent emigration and physical health of children left behind: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Racaite J , Lindert J , Antia K , Winkler V , Sketerskiene R , Jakubauskiene M , Wulkau L , Surkiene G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of our study was to systematically review the literature on physical health and related consequences of internal and international parental migration on left-behind children (LBC).

Methods
This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched relevant databases for studies published up to 15 May 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.

Results
We included 34 studies out of 6061 in the final analysis. Results from internal migration shows that compared with children of non-migrant parents, LBC were more susceptible to illness and had a higher prevalence of acute and chronic diseases, have a higher risk of getting injured, were more likely to engage risky behaviours such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and drinking. Studies included in this review found a lower coverage of vaccination among LBC. Results from international migration found that left-behind adolescents reported poorer physical health than non-LBC. It was found that the prevalence of stunting (11.5% vs. 14.8%), wasting (18.1% vs. 21.5%), and underweight (24.3% vs. 26.2%) was lower among LBC as compared with non-LBC, respectively. Physical activity among LBC was lower than non-LBC. We provided comparative analysis of the outcomes of the internal and international migration. We found that, despite the type of migration/region, LBC suffer from poor general health, are at a higher risk of developing poor nutrition, overweight or obesity, addictive behaviours, physical inactivity, lower vaccination coverage, and more frequent injuries than non-LBC.

Conclusions
This study found that both internal and international parental migration is mostly negatively associated with LBC general health, nutrition, weight and height, injuries, and immunization. However, in low- and middle-income countries parental migration might also prevent LBC from undernutrition.

Key messages
Internal and international migration parental migration is negatively associated with child physical health outcomes. Issue is well addressed in China, but there are substantial research gap from other migration affected regions of the world.
Personalisation and choice in psychiatric spaces Nachricht eingeben
Authors: Chrysikou E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In Europe psychiatric wards tend to be highly institutionalised settings, often lacking essential psychosocially-supportive elements which promote health, wellbeing and social interaction of patients and staff. This happens in the name of increased safety and anti-ligature standards or as a result of neglect and stigma often resulting from reduced opportunities of patients to actively participate in the decision making of their lives, the conditions of hospitalisation and the quality of their environments. Research on healthcare environments shows a profound impact of the built environment on therapeutic outcomes. While many recommendations derived from these studies, such as views to nature or single bedrooms, are difficult to implement in existing facilities, everyday objects potentially pose a powerful yet easily implementable resource for increasing therapeutic effects of the built environment. In this presentation we are going to briefly describe the hierarchies of psychiatric care affordances, as they derive from the SCP model –S stands for Safety and security, C for competence and P for personalisation and choice– that is a model especially developed for interpreting and evaluating psychiatric environments in relation to these principles. Then we are going to explore further the idea of personalisation and choice, its relationship with the psychosocial model of psychiatric rehabilitation and bring some implemented, practical examples of how this has been implemented in psychiatric settings across Europe and beyond. The aspects of co-design will be highlighted, as a key element of achieving personalisation and valorisation. This will help the audience come, who can be either from healthcare, policy or management backgrounds on the same page with members of the audience who come from a built environment background with concepts of institutionalisation vs ecopsychosocial concepts in relation to the built environment of the psychiatric wards.
On the psychological importance of control and valorisation in psychiatric environments
Authors: Müller H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When people suffering from severe mental illnesses are treated in psychiatric facilities, there appear conflicting priorities between security and individual control that are often skewed towards security. As a result, patients admitted to highly institutionalised psychiatric wards do not only suffer from mental illness but also from loss of control as a basic human need (Grawe, 2000). Through this loss of control (e.g., not being able to choose where to go), people become especially dependent on their immediate social and spatial surroundings. From a psychological point of view, the concept of control reflects in concepts such as self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977), internal vs. external locus of control (Rotter, 1966), or environmental mastery (Ryff, 1989), all pointing to a beneficial influence on well-being and health. Yet, depending on their current situation, psychiatric patients may also feel overwhelmed by an excess of choices. Increasing patients' sense of control by offering them small choices during their stay at a psychiatric environment, however, might increase well-being (cf. Langer & Rodin, 1968). This possibility of control has the potential to also activate the feeling of valorisation in patients: As a positive fundamental attitude towards another person, implying appreciation and respect, valorisation poses an important element of psychotherapy (e.g., Rogers, 1951). Especially as people with psychiatric disorders are still stereotyped and stigmatized (e.g., as a homogenous group of “the mentally ill”), actively searching for new ways to foster valorisation in psychiatric environments may further contribute to patients' well-being and individualisation. Transferring the concept of valorisation to physical objects as primes affords an opportunity to extend feeling appreciated beyond immediate social interaction.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis' knowledge, attitudes, practices amongst italian men who have sex with men
Authors: Voglino G , Gualano MR , Rousset S , Bert F , Siliquini R , Fraire I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is suitable for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)high-infection-risk people, foremost amongst males who have sex with other males (MSM). This study evaluated knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding PrEP in a sample of Italian MSM, in order to hypothesize strategies to implement PrEP awareness and use.

Methods
An online survey was given to an opportunistic sample of Italian MSM. The questionnaire investigated sexual behaviour, knowledge on HIV and PrEP awareness, attitudes and practices. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify possible associations with PrEP knowledge.

Results
A total of 196 MSM completed the survey. Overall data showed very good HIV and safe sexual behaviour knowledge (94.4% of correct answers). Nevertheless, our sample rarely used PrEP because of existing barriers: high therapy price (26.9%)and fear of side effects (23.8%). Only 10.3% of partecipants were informed on HIV and PReP by institutional channels, even less (7.5%) from specialized physicians and general practitioners. The most significant association with PrEP knowledge was having regular HIV-tests (adjusted odds ratio (AdjOR) = 3.16; confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-9.29);

Conclusions
PreP's Knowledge was well established, but PrEP use was not widespread. It is necessary to improve communication on PrEP and to lower existing barriers in order to grant access to PrEP access.

Key messages
Barriers to access PrEP have to be lowered. Healthcare personnel has to be involved in PrEP's benefits communication.
Effectiveness among MSM of an HIV PrEP program developed in a Parisian sexual health center
Authors: Thomas B , Piron P , de La Rochebrochard E , Segouin C , Troude P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective but depends on patients' adherence and follow-up. To enhance follow-up quality and care engagement, the PrEP program developed in our Parisian sexual health center offers accompanying measures throughout the patients' course of care, relying notably on an identified and easily accessible referent. This trained paramedic counselor in sexual health provides support in organizing appointments, phone and email follow-up to answer daily questions, as well as one-on-one sessions of therapeutic support and counseling. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of such a PrEP program among men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods
This retrospective observational study included all MSM who initiated PrEP for the first time between 1 August 2018 and 30 June 2019 in the Fernand-Widal hospital sexual health center, Paris, France. Sociodemographic characteristics, sexual practices including very high risk situations (chemsex practice and/or sexually transmitted diseases at initiation and/or history of post-exposure prophylaxis [PEP]) and course of care during the first year were described. A novel metric developed by Hendrickson et al., the PrEP success ratio at 12 months, was used to assess effectiveness of PrEP.

Results
Among the 125 MSM included in this study, the median age was 33 and most had only male partners. At initiation, 58% were considered at very high risk of HIV infection, mainly due to a history of PEP. During the first year, patients attended a median of 3 visits (Q1-Q3, 2-4). At 12 months, 96% (95% CI, 92.6 to 99.4) of patients had a successful PrEP course, with no reported seroconversion.

Conclusions
This experiment highlights the possibility of achieving a high PrEP success ratio among MSM in a real-world setting. The accompanying measures set up in our sexual health center could explain the effectiveness of our PrEP program in comparison with previous studies.

Key messages
In a Parisian sexual health center that developed an HIV PrEP program with a trained paramedic counselor in sexual health, 96% of MSM achieved a successful PrEP course at 12 months. Accompanying measures for PrEP users could play a key role in achieving high PrEP success among MSM.
Lessons learned from One Health practices in Sweden and Italy
Authors: Humboldt-Dachroeden S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
One Health provides an approach to tackle health threats like zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance. It is crucial to establish coordinated surveillance activities and to engage in productive collaboration. Swedish and Italian experts were interviewed to provide insight into barriers and opportunities for integrating One Health practices.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with experts from Swedish and Italian veterinary, food, public health and environmental agencies were conducted. Interviews were examined via a thematic content analysis using inductive coding in NVivo.

Results
Between the countries, there are clear differences pertaining to structure like different jurisdictions that affect legislations and responsibilities. Barriers and opportunities occur in terms of cooperation with the environmental sector and regarding the understanding of One Health. There are legislative-related challenges and barriers for science to policy translations. Similarities between Italy and Sweden were identified as personal challenges during collaborations and the need to recognise all disease outbreaks as an opportunity for integrating One Health.

Conclusions
In both countries, a One Health strategy developed on institutional level can facilitate to define One Health and clarify responsibilities. Further perspectives are to push One Health onto the political agenda and to prepare clear legislations. To overcome practical challenges, countries can learn from each other in terms of coordination across disciplines and by implementing One Health training activities. Experiences with One Health projects must be disseminated to scientific field and the public to raise awareness for One Health. Understanding this can benefit One Health surveillance in Sweden, Italy and in other countries and contexts. Implementing cross-sectoral surveillance will aid the early detection and prevention of diseases, and promote health of humans, animals and the environment.

Key messages
Integrating One Health practices in health, veterinary, environment and food agencies is crucial to establish comprehensive surveillance to promote human, animal and environmental health. For successful implementation, science to policy translations for One Health needs to improve, the topic must reach the political agenda and legislations need to be prepared clearly.
How easy to eliminate cervical cancer; examples of developed and developing countries and Turkey
Authors: Topal E , Akin A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Issue
Cervical cancer has the 4th highest incidence rate among women in the world. WHO made a global call for action to eliminate cervical cancer and and set targets to be achieved by 2030.

Description of the problem
The aim of this study to review the current situation in some countries with different development levels and made some suggestions to attain the targets. Turkey was assessed in detail to develop suggestions for elimination program which could be an example for some other countries. In this descriptive study; The issue were evaluated in Finland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Cuba, China, Uganda and Turkey between February and April 2021 by literature review.

Results
In 2020, in Finland, United Kingdom and Australia, HPV vaccine is provided in the national programs: cervical cancer screening coverage is between 52-75%; The incidence rates, are between 5.2-9.9%; mortality rates are between 1.1-1.9%. There is no HPV vaccine in the national program in Cuba, China and Uganda, and cervical cancer screening coverage is between 5-67%; the incidence rates are between 10.7-56.2%, and mortality rates are between 5.3-41.4%. Whereas in Turkey; the incidence rate of 4.8% and 2.2% mortality rate; HPV vaccine is not provided in the national program and screening coverage is 27%. The budget that should be allocated for the elimination program in terms of target groups for vaccination and screening total of 4.038.684.000 TL which is around 491.340.824 US$. The health infrastructure in terms of facilites and workforce is not enough in crowded areas.

Lessons
For Turkey, the concrid recommendations including the current health and education systems were made. Cervical cancer elimination would be possible even in developing counries as the main cause and risk factors are scientificaly known. For the success realistic planning, prioritisation of preventive health measures, advocacy programmes and competent management are the key issues.

Key messages
The elimination of cervical cancer in Turkey is possible with current potentials. However, existing problems must be overcome and an elimination program must be well planned. Countries that are struggling with cervical cancer and countries that are successful in the elimination, should have partnerships as indicated in the 17th Goal of the SDGs.
Help! Working with change: An organizational change process model and online registry of resources
Authors: Read K , Dhaliwal B , Dobbins M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The health system is continuously undergoing change in response to various internal and external drivers. The organizational change literature is complex and multi-disciplinary, making it challenging for health professionals to utilize efficiently. To support practitioners through times of change, The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) developed a health sector-specific model of organizational change, by synthesizing existing models and frameworks, and developed an online registry of resources to help guide practitioners through the change process.

Objectives
Existing change process models were identified through a scoping review of reviews published from 2000-2015, supplemental searches using a snowball method, and contact with key informants. A thematic analysis identified key themes and activities. To support the use of the model, a search of the academic and grey literature was conducted to identify practical organizational change tools. Resources were tagged with specific stages in the model and added to an online interactive Registry.
The online Registry is available for practitioners to gain knowledge and understanding of processes of change relevant to the health sector, identify facilitators and barriers to change, and use methods and tools to support practitioners throughout the change process.

Results
A total of 30 organizational change process models were identified and synthesized to create a new five-stage model: assessing the NEED for change; PLANning for change; IMPLEMENTing change initiatives; SUSTAINing change within the organization; and EVOLVing to continuously meet drivers for change. The easy to use and interactive platform hosts over 100 practical tools linked to stages in the model to support organization and systems change.

Conclusions
This new resource will support the implementation of evidence-informed practices, policies and programs in public health and the broader health care system.

Key messages
The health system is continuously undergoing change and can be challenging to navigate. A health sector-specific organizational change process model and online registry of resources can help guide public health professionals throughout the change process.
Set-up of GoLBeT, a pragmatic clinical trial of podoconiosis management in a low-resource setting
Authors: Erber A , Ewing V , Turner M , Molla M , Murbe G , Davey G , Lang T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Clinical trials are often perceived as being expensive, difficult and beyond the capacity of academic groups and healthcare workers in low-resource settings. However, in order to improve healthcare coverage, the WHO World Health Report 2013 stated that all countries need to become generators as well as recipients of data. This study is a methodological examination of the steps and processes involved in setting up the Gojjam Lymphoedema Best Practice Trial (GoLBeT; ISRCTN67805210), a highly pragmatic clinical trial conducted in northern Ethiopia. Challenges to the trial and strategies used to deal with them were explored, together with reasons for delays. A qualitative approach using the Global Health Research Process Map as a framework was used to analyse emails and reports from the period between trial inception and recruitment. This analysis was complemented by interviews with key informants from the operational team and a group discussion. This study showed that the key areas of difficulty in setting up and planning this trial were: the study design (definition and measurement of the study endpoint, and assuring statistical power); recruitment and appropriate training of staff; planning for data quality; and gaining regulatory approvals. Collaboration was essential to successfully setting up the trial. Other important aspects were a team and process perspective, staff training, community engagement, and data quality e.g., through data management. Lessons learnt from this trial might guide in planning pragmatic trials in settings where research is not common, allowing researchers to anticipate challenges and address them through trial design, planning and operational delivery. We also hope that this example might encourage similar pragmatic studies to be undertaken. Such studies are rarely undertaken or locally led, but are an accessible and efficient way to drive improved outcomes in public health.

Key messages
Pragmatic clinical trials are essential to drive improved outcomes in public health in low-resource settings, but are perceived as challenging to set up and initiate. Our analysis of the Gojjam Lymphoedema Best Practice Trial found that factors for a successful set-up were collaborations, a team perspective, staff training, community engagement and data management.
Contest of best practices tackling social inequalities in cancer prevention: an iPAAC initiative
Authors: Hernandez-Garcia M , Salas-Trejo D , Anttila A , Lipponen S , Vanaclocha-Espí M , Pinto-Carbó M , Molina-Barceló A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Issue
Many cancer risk and protection factors have socially determined conditions. In general, those who pertain to lower socioeconomic groups are more exposed to cancer risk factors and less to protective ones.

Description of the problem
Current programmes on health promotion and early detection of cancer yield different results according to social group, perpetuating health inequalities. Contest of best practices tackling social inequalities in cancer prevention is an initiative emerged in the framework of Innovative Partnership for Action Against Cancer (iPAAC). This contest identifies interventions proven effective to reduce social inequalities in cancer prevention, with the aim of sharing lessons learned and facilitating replication. Best practice is defined as an intervention implemented in a real life setting which has been favourably assessed in terms of adequacy, effectiveness, and equity. Assessment was conducted on a peer-review basis. To be accepted for evaluation, practices ought to meet compulsory criteria: relevance, equity, and effectiveness; they were further assessed according to gender perspective, efficiency, ethics, sustainability, inter-sectors collaboration, transferability, innovation, evidence based, and public engagement.

Results
Overall, 15 proposals were submitted from: Belgium, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Slovenia, and Spain. Six out of fifteen (40%) fell under the scope of health promotion; eight proposals (53%) addressed cancer screening. One single practice (7%) approached both primary and secondary prevention. Eleven proposals (73%) were considered best practices. Full details are available at www.ipaac.eu/en/contest-best-practices.

Lessons
These results suggest that a combination of public health universal interventions together with targeted interventions is effective in preventing cancer in the whole population, integrating specific actions for specific groups otherwise not reached by universal prevention activities.

Key messages
This contest contributes to provide insight on effective strategies that can be translated to other settings and adapted into more equitable new procedures. Tackling inequities should be included in future best practices criteria.