bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of diets high in fats or carbohydrates on the immune system of young BALB/c mice
Authors: Martínez‐Carrillo Beatriz E , Zúñiga‐Torres Guadalupe M. , Valdes‐Ramos Roxana , Rivera‐Aguilar Victor , Jarillo‐Luna Rosana A , Campos‐Rodríguez Rafael 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionIncreased dietary fat or carbohydrates affects metabolism, the immune system is no exception.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of dietary increase in fat or carbohydrate content on the immune system of a mouse model.Methods24 Balb/c mice were divided in three groups at 21 days of age. Control (C), high‐carbohydrate (HCO) or high fat (F) diets were fed ad libitum for 9 weeks. Intra‐ocular blood and total small intestines were obtained for analyses of lymphocytes using anti‐CD3+, CD4+ y CD8+ antibodies by flow‐cytometry.ResultsCD3+ cells were higher in the HCO (18.10% ±1.51) and F groups (17.31% ±1.53), than the C group (12.40% ± 1.42) (ANOVA=34.15 and <0.001). No differences were found in CD4+ cells between any of the groups. CD8+ cells were higher in the F group (14.83% ±1.42) compared with the C group (11.06% ±1.32), but not with the HCO group (12.42 ± 0.9) (ANOVA=258.23 and p< 0.001). Lamina propria CD3+ cells were lower in the F group (30.92% ± 3.62) when compared with HCO‐CD3+ (56.36 ± 6.76) and C‐CD3+ (44.34 ± 3.84) (ANOVA=83.38, p<0.001). F‐CD4+ (1.48% ±0.333) and F‐CD8+ (3.46% ±1.87) were lower the C‐CD4+ (19.98 ± 3.59), C‐CD8+ (22.29 ± 3.82), HCO‐CD4+ (20.24 ± 4.5) and HCO‐CD8+ (26.93 ± 4.6) (CD4+ ANOVA=52.78, p<0.001; CD8+ ANOVA=92.71, p<0.001).ConclusionsT‐lymphocytes are decreased in peripheral blood by high carbohydrate or low fat diets, and decreased in the small intestine by a diet high in fat.
Impaired resistance to influenza infection in fish‐oil fed mice.
Authors: Schwerbrock Nicole MJ , Shi Qing , Beck Melinda A 
Published: June 2021

Most of the long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as EPA (20:5n‐3) and DHA (22:6n‐3), are obtained from dietary intake of fish oils. Fish oil has been shown to promote anti‐inflammatory activities. Although the anti‐inflammatory properties of fish oil may be beneficial during a chronic inflammatory illness, the same anti‐inflammatory properties may negatively influence host resistance to a pathogen, in which an inflammatory response is necessary to eradicate the agent. To test the impact of fish oil feeding on an infection, we fed C57BL/6 mice a diet with fish oil or a control diet without fish oil for 2 weeks. The fish oil diet was administered at a fish oil‐corn oil ratio of 4:1, w/w at 5g/100g diet. After 2 weeks on the diets, mice were infected with influenza virus (A/PR/8) and killed at days 0 (uninfected), 3, 7, 10, 15 and 21 post infection. Although the anti‐inflammatory properties of the fish oil diet resulted in reduced lung inflammation in the influenza infected mice, it also resulted in a higher mortality rate and slower recovery following infection. While splenic NK activity was suppressed in fish oil fed mice, lung NK activity was not affected. Flow cytometry of bronchioalveolar lavage cells revealed fewer CD8+ T cells in the fish oil fed mice compared with controls. These results suggest that the anti‐inflammatory properties of fish oil may be detrimental during a viral infection.Grant Funding SourceDK 56350
Eating disorders in Mexican female adolescent with normal weight, overweight, and obesity
Authors: Jiménez Alejandra , Escalante Erika , Shamah Teresa , Morales Carmen , Mundo Verónica 
Published: June 2021

The objective was to explore eating disorders among Mexican female adolescent with normal weight, overweight, and obesity.Data of Mexican female adolescent from the National Scholar Survey 2008 were analyzed. Classification of overweight and obesity was done in accordance with BMI cut points, recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). An index was constructed to identify eating disorders (i.e. losing the eating control, restrictive practices, and self induced vomiting). Multiple‐logistic regression analysis was done adjusted by age, overcrowding, weight perceptions, violence, addictions, physical activity, and TV‐watching.A total of 20,015 participants, who represented a 4,817,745 Mexican female adolescent from 10 to 17 (mean age 12.3 ± 1.6 y) were evaluated. 23.4% and 7.9% of female adolescent were overweight or obese, respectively. After adjusting it by confounding variables, those female adolescent who were overweight(OR: 2.14 CI95%: 1.87,2.45) or obese(OR: 3.81 CI95%: 3.13, 4.64) were more likely to have eating disorders with respect to those female adolescent who had normal weight.In this study, Mexican female adolescent eating disorders, were strongly associated with overweight or obesity.Supported by the Rio Aronte Foundation, and Fondo de Apoyo al Programa Intersectorial de Educación Saludable.
The incorporation of a protein‐rich breakfast on appetite sensations and subsequent food intake in “breakfast‐skipping” adolescents
Authors: Leidy Heather J , Racki Erin M , Coffey Candice R 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo examine the impact of a protein‐rich breakfast (in solid vs. beverage form) on appetite and subsequent food intake in breakfast‐skipping adolescents. Methods: 15 healthy adolescents (age 14 ± 1 y; BMI 79 ± 4 %ile; breakfast 2 ± 1 occasions/wk) randomly consumed, on 4 separate days, a 500 kcal breakfast consisting of a normal protein meal (18 ± 1 g protein) in solid form (PN‐S), a protein‐rich meal (48 ± 2 g protein) in solid (PR‐S) or beverage (PR‐B) form, or no meal (NM). Pre and post‐meal appetite was measured over 5 h followed by an ad libitum lunch.ResultsPR‐S was the only meal to exhibit significant reductions in post‐meal hunger vs. NM (p<0.01). Post‐meal fullness was greater after each meal vs. NM (all comparisons; p<0.05) but not different between meals. All meals led to significant reductions in prospective food consumption vs. NM (all comparisons; p<0.05); PR‐S led to greater reductions vs. PN‐S (p=0.06). Fewer calories were consumed at lunch following the PR‐S (363 ± 51) vs. NM (490 ± 63; p< 0.01), PN‐S (504 ± 66; p<0.01), and PR‐B (464 ± 83 kcal; p=0.10).ConclusionsThe incorporation of a protein‐rich breakfast beneficially impacts appetite & subsequent food intake in breakfast‐skipping adolescents suggesting a potential role in the management of obesity. However, protein‐rich beverages may not elicit the same positive effects compared to solid versions. Support: M01 RR023940; SAH Research Award, KUMC
Nutritional profile of primary school children in Lima and Callao, Peru
Authors: Liria Maria Reyna , Mispireta Mónica , Lanata Claudio F. , Creed‐Kanashiro Hilary M 
Published: June 2021

The nutritional profile of 1766 school children in grades 3 to 6 was evaluated in a random sample of 80 coeducational primary schools in Lima and Callao. Anthropometry, body fat composition, hemoglobina, food frequency and physical activity were evaluated. Results showed 20.6% children were overweight and 15.5% obese, with higher prevalences in private schools and boys. 7.7% of children had growth retardation, higher in state schools and in boys. 13.7% of children were anemic. Half of the children had little physical activity, children in public schools and boys were more active. Children with greater height for age had higher BMI, less anemia, taller mothers, fewer siblings, greater birth weight and lower SES. These children also consumed milk products less frequently and food from social programs more frequently. Overweight or obese children had mothers with greater BMI, fewer siblings, higher SES, consumed milk products more frequently with less frequent use of food from social programs. The principal nutritional problem found in these school children was overweight and obesity, followed by anemia. An important factor related to overweight and obesity in this population of children was the low level of physical activity.Funding: ILSI‐Sur Andino
Nutrition Knowledge among first‐year Kuwait University students
Authors: El‐Sabban Farouk , Badr Hanan 
Published: June 2021

Assessing nutrition knowledge (NK) of populations assists in drawing strategies for nutrition awareness and education programs. Nutrition‐related problems are common in Kuwait, thus the significance of needed data on NK. This study involved 1037 freshmen, 374 males and 653 females, representing all Kuwait University colleges. A questionnaire was devised which included sections on demographics and knowledge about: general nutrition, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and vitamins and water. The survey was conducted during March‐May 2008 and data analysis utilized SPSS for social sciences, version 16. Scores for responses to each question were as follows: do not know (0), wrong answer (1) and correct answer (2) with possible total score of 126. Attained scores were referenced to the highest possible for each section and expressed as a percentage. Sectional score percentages were: general nutrition (78), proteins (73), carbohydrates (76), lipids (70), minerals and vitamins (70) and water (69); with an overall result of 73%. A scale for total NK score percentages was as follows: poor (<50), fair (50‐75) and good (>75). Based on this scale, the overall NK score percentage is rated as fair. Further analysis of responses to each question of the questionnaire should reveal the weak areas that would require more attention towards enhancing such knowledge. This study could be of help to authorities involved to devise specialized nutrition awareness and education programs.This work was supported by Kuwait University Research Grant No. [WF01/06].
High‐risk Human Papilloma Virus infection (HPV) among women attending Women's Hospital (HMC) in Qatar
Authors: Al Thani Asma A , Abu –Rub Aisha I. , Al‐Khanji Moza A , Afifi Nahla M. , Al‐Ansari Nasser A 
Published: June 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes a variety of infections. Recent studies indicated that high‐risk types of HPV cause cervical neoplasia. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of high‐risk Human (HPV) genotype (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) infection and its characteristics in Qatar's female by using High Risk Screen Real‐TM SC" test. Ninety five cervical swabs from women attending the Gynae‐oncology clinic at HMC (August 2007‐ May 2008) were enrolled in this study. Cytology results indicated that 31.8% of women had normal smear and 64.28% of them were HPV DNA positive, Upon the whole study population with abnormal smear 46.6% of them had ASCUS {60.7% of them were HPV DNA positive}, 34.9% had LGSIL {85.9% of them were HPV DNA positive}, 13.5% had HGSIL {61.7% of them were HPV DNA positive}, the remaining 5% had squamous cell carcinoma {66.7% of them were HPV DNA positive}.Of the overall study population; 11 samples were found to be positive by Pap smear and RT‐ PCR and 33 samples were found to be negative in both tests. On the other hand, no samples have being positive by Pap smear and negative by RT‐PCR. However, 44 samples which have shown to be negative by Pap smear but they found to be positive with RT‐PCR. In conclusion, results of this study have proved that detection of HPV infection using molecular technique is more sensitive than the use of conventional methods. This project is supported by QU & UREP.
Analysis of oxidative stress in mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)
Authors: Fernandez‐Kim Sun Ok , Zhang Le , Liu Ying , Dasuri Kalavathi , Ebenezer Philip J. , Bruce‐Keller Annadora , Van Nostrand William E. , Keller Jeffrey N. 
Published: June 2021

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an important cause of cerebral hemorrhage stroke and dementia in the elderly. CAA is mediated in part by the effects of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ), with the Tg‐SWDI transgenic mouse model closely recapitulating key aspects of CAA in humans.In this report we measured the levels of key oxidative stress indices within the frontal cortex of Tg‐SWDI mice (6‐8 months) and age‐matched non‐transgenic mice of the same background (C57Bl/6). Specifically we report on the level of oxidative stress by measuring the amount of protein carbonyls, protein nitroxylation, antioxidant enzyme levels, and the levels of the transcription factor Nrf2. Taken together these data indicate a role for oxidative stress in the development of CAA, and suggest that strategies which ameliorate increases in oxidative stress may be beneficial in the treatment and management of CAA.This work was supported by a grant from the Alzheimer's Association and NIA (P01AG005119) to Dr. Jeffrey Keller
L‐Arginine Enhances Nitrative Stress and Exacerbates TNF‐Alpha Toxicity in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Xia Zhengyuan , Liu Huimin , Wang Fang , Luo Tao , Xia Zhong‐yuan , Irwin Michael G , Vanhoutte Paul M 
Published: June 2021

Supplementation of L‐arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, during the late phase of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) increases myocyte apoptosis and exacerbates myocardial injury. Apoptosis of the endothelial cells precedes that of the cardiomyocytes during MI/R, and this is associated with increased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF) production. We postulated that L‐arginine may exacerbate TNF induced endothelial cell apoptosis by enhancing nitrative stress. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were studied under control conditions or treated with TNF alone or in the presence of L‐arginine the non‐selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N (omega)‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NNA), propofol (scavenger of peroxynitrite), or L‐arginine plus propofol, respectively, for 24 hours. TNF increased endothelial cell apoptosis, increased the intracellular superoxide production and the protein expression of nitrotyrosine, a footprint of peroxynitrite formation and an index of nitrative stress. L‐arginine exacerbated all these changes while L‐NNA or propofol attenuated them. Thus, under pathological conditions associated with increased TNF production, L‐arginine supplementation may further exacerbate TNF cellular toxicity by enhancing nitrative stress.Supported by a Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Research Starter Grant (to ZX).
Modulation of butyrate uptake by Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Gonçalves Pedro Filipe Fernandes , Araújo João Ricardo , Pinho Maria João , Martel Fátima 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the putative influence of some pharmacological agents and drugs of abuse upon the apical uptake of butyrate (BT) by Caco‐2 cells. Apical uptake of 14C‐BT by Caco‐2 cells seems to involve MCT1‐mediated transport (it was time‐, concentration‐, pH‐ and energy‐dependent, Na+‐independent, Cl− ‐dependent, inhibited by several BT structural analogues, insensitive to anion exchange inhibitors and inhibited by monocarboxylate transport (MCT) inhibitors). Acutely, uptake of 14C‐BT (10 µM) was reduced by acetaldehyde (ACA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), indomethacin, caffeine and theophylline, and increased by MDMA. Chronically, it was increased by caffeine and decreased by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and MDMA; qRT‐PCR analysis showed that these three compounds decreased the mRNA levels of MCT1. Acutely, ACA, indomethacin and MDMA reduced the uptake of 14C‐BT (20 mM), and ASA increased it. Chronically, none of the compounds affected uptake. ACA, indomethacin and propionate seem to be competitive inhibitors of 14C‐BT uptake. ASA simultaneously increased the Km and the Vmax of 14C‐BT uptake. In conclusion, MCT1‐mediated transport of 14C‐BT in Caco‐2 cells is modulated by either acute or chronic exposure to some pharmacological agents and drugs of abuse (ACA, ASA, indomethacin, caffeine, theophylline and the drugs of abuse THC and MDMA).Supported by FCT (PTDC/SAU‐FCF/67805/2006)
Nitric Oxide (NO) Bioavailability Underlies Muscle Microvascular O2 Delivery/Utilization Imbalance in Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) Rats
Authors: Hirai Daniel M , Copp Steven W , Ferreira Leonardo F , Musch Timothy I , Poole David C 
Published: June 2021

NO bioavailability has been implicated in the muscle microvascular dysfunction of CHF at rest and during contractions.PURPOSETo test the hypothesis that differences in the O2 delivery/utilization balance, which sets the microvascular O2 partial pressure (PO2mv), between control (C) and severe CHF rats following the onset of contractions are due substantially to NO reduction.METHODSPO2mv was measured via phosphorescence quenching in the spinotrapezius muscle of 6 C and 4 CHF rats (male Sprague‐Dawley, 7‐10 wk post‐myocardial infarction, LVEDP 35+2 mmHg). Separate electrically‐induced contraction bouts (1 Hz) were performed with superfusion of SNP (300 μmol), Krebs‐Henseleit buffer (KH), and L‐NAME (1.5 mmol). The area under the PO2mv profile (PO2AREA) was calculated from 0‐60 s of each bout (expressed below as mmHg·s/min).RESULTSFor KH, C had a greater (P < 0.05) PO2AREA (1042 ± 62) than CHF (721 ± 141). SNP increased PO2AREA (C: 1371 ± 59, CHF: 1263 ± 97, P > 0.05) whereas L‐NAME reduced PO2AREA (C: 613 ± 74, CHF: 416 ± 70, P > 0.05) to equivalent values in C and CHF rats.CONCLUSIONSThis demonstrates, for the first time, that the impaired muscle microvascular O2 delivery/utilization balance in CHF is eliminated by increasing (SNP) or removing (L‐NAME) NO bioavailability suggesting that the dysfunctional CHF PO2mv profile results principally from endogenous NO alterations.AHA, Heartland Affiliate 0750090Z
Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Protein Synthesis and mTOR Signaling in Older Men
Authors: Fry Christopher S , Glynn Erin L , Drummond Micah J , Timmerman Kyle L , Fujita Satoshi , Abe Takashi , Sato Yoshiaki , Dhanani Shaheen , Volpi Elena , Rasmussen Blake B 
Published: June 2021

Recent studies have shown low‐intensity (20~50% of 1‐repetition maximum) resistance training combined with a moderate reduction of vascular flow to working muscles produces similar increases in hypertrophy and strength compared to traditional high‐intensity training. Seven male subjects (age > 60 years) performed low intensity resistance exercise on separate days with (BFR n=7) or without (Control n=7) a blood flow restriction cuff placed proximally on each leg. Blood samples were obtained throughout the study and muscle biopsies were taken at baseline, immediately, 1 and 3hr post‐exercise. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was assessed using immunoblotting methods. mTOR phosphorylation increased post‐exercise in both groups. S6K1 phosphorylation increased at 3hr post‐exercise in the BFR group only. rpS6 phosphorylation was higher 1 and 3hr post‐exercise in the BFR group and higher at only 1 hr post‐exercise in the Control group. The increase from baseline for muscle protein synthesis during post‐exercise recovery was ~80% in the BFR group and only ~10% in the Control group. We conclude that blood flow restriction during low intensity resistance exercise appears to enhance muscle protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in older men which may be an effective strategy to counteract sarcopenia.Supported by NIH/NIAMS RO1 AR049877, NIH/NIA P30AG024832, UTMB Center for Rehabilitation Sciences
Ras‐activated caspase 3‐dependent apoptosis through MAPK and p53 in RVLM increases sympathetic nerve activity in SHRSP
Authors: Kishi Takuya , Hirooka Yoshitaka , Ito Koji , Araki Shuichiro , Konno Satomi , Sunagawa Kenji 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe small G protein Ras causes caspase‐3 dependent apoptosis through mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p53. Angiotensin II administered into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) induces pressor response through the activation of p38 MAPK and ERK. We hypothesized that Ras‐activated caspase‐3 through MAPK/ERK/p53 in RVLM increases SNA in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP),Methods and ResultsActivity of Ras, MAPK, ERK and caspase‐3 and expression of p53 in RVLM were significantly higher in SHRSP (14‐16 weeks old) than in age‐matched Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats. In SHRSP, intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of S‐farnesylthiosalicylic acid, a Ras inhibitor, for 14 days significantly reduced blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) (‐28±4 mmHg and ‐44±6 bpm, n=5, p<0.01) and SNA (‐28%, n=5, p<0.01) due to the inhibition of Ras activity in RVLM. A Ras inhibitor decreased the activity of MAPK (‐21%, n=5, p<0.01), ERK (‐33%, n=5, p<0.01), caspase‐3 (‐42%, n=5, p<0.01) and expression of p53 in RVLM of SHRSP. ICV injection of caspase‐3 inhibitor for 14 days also significantly decreased BP, HR, SNA and activity of caspase‐3 in RVLM.ConclusionThese results suggest that Ras‐activated caspase‐3 through MAPK and p53 in RVLM increases SNA in SHRSP, which might contribute to the impaired autonomic control in hypertension.
Detoxification of Biogenic Aldehydes in Parkinson¡¦s Disease
Authors: Wey Margaret Chia‐Ying , Fernandez Elizabeth , Hinojosa‐Laborde Carmen , Strong Randy 
Published: June 2021

It has been recognized for almost 20 years that idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to diminished NADH dehydrogenase (mitochondrial complex I) activity. How chronic complex I inhibition leads to the characteristic pathological features of PD is largely unknown. PD is accompanied by elevation of neurotoxic biogenic aldehydes, including 4‐hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, and 3, 4‐dyhydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, a product of dopamine metabolism. We hypothesize that impaired complex 1 activity reduces the availability of the NAD+ co‐factor required by ALDHs to detoxify aldehydes. Aldh1a1 and Aldh2, are the only ALDH genes known to be expressed in midbrain brain dopamine neurons. Moreover, expression of ALDH1, the human homologue of Aldh1a1, is reduced in PD. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that mice lacking both Aldh1a1 and Aldh2 would exhibit impaired motor function consequent to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Compared to wild‐type controls, knockout mice exhibited significant age‐related decreases in the latency to fall during accelerated rotarod testing (no significant decrease at 7 months, 32% at 10 months, and 69% at 22 months). No age‐related deficits were observed in wild type controls. We will discuss neurochemical analyses of the nigrostriatal pathway in the double‐knockout mice.Supported by the VA Office of Research & Development (EF and RS) and PHS: AG022307 (RS).
Does The Reactivity Of The Sympathetic Nervous System Contribute To The Morning Surge In Blood Pressure?
Authors: Head Geoffrey A , Chatzivlastou Kanella , Schlaich Markus , Lambert Gavin , Lambert Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

We determined whether the reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is related to the morning surge in blood pressure. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings were obtained from 33 subjects (14 males / 19 females ) and the amplitude, the rate of rise (RoR) and the rate x amplitude product (BPPower) of morning mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined mathematically. Subjects were average age 41 + 4 years (range 18 ‐ 83), BMI 26+1 and 24% of whom were taking antihypertensive therapy. The reactivity of the SNS to an aversive stimulus was assessed on a separate day by microneurographic recording of multiunit, postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), measured from the peroneal nerve. MAP and MSNA were measured concurrently at rest and during a cold pressor test (hand in ice water for 2 min). The cold pressor test increased MSNA and MAP by 24.0 + 2.4 mmHg. MSNA was adjusted for age and BMI. BPPower and RoR were positively correlated to the cold pressor induced increase in total MSNA (r=0.4, P=0.02) and MSN burst amplitude (r=0.5, P=0.01) but were not related to the increase in MSNA frequency. These results suggest that the CNS mechanisms influencing the increase in MSN burst amplitude during arousal may also be fundamental in determining the rate of blood pressure rise during the morning period.Supported by NHMRC project grant 317826