bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Immunization Status in Patients with Cerebral Palsy: Multicenter CP-VACC Study
Authors: YILMAZ Sema BOZKAYA , ONCEL Eda KARADAG , DUNDAR Nihal OLGAC , GENCPINAR Pinar , SARIOGLU Berrak , ARICAN Pinar , ERSEN Atilla , CIFTDOGAN Dilek YILMAZ , YUKSEL Merve Feyza , BEKTAS Omer , TEBER Serap , KILIC Betul , CALIK Mustafa , KARACA Meryem , CANPOLAT Mehmet , KUMANDAS Sefer , PER Huseyin , GUMUS Hakan , OZTURK Selcan , OKUYAZ Cetin , KOMUR Mustafa , IPEK Rojan , OZBUDAK Pinar , ARHAN Ebru , INCE Hulya , GURBUZ Gurkan , MERT Gulen GUL , OZCAN Neslihan , TURKER Akgun OLMEZ , TEKIN Hande GAZETECI , KIRIK Serkan , GUNBEY Ceren , CARMAN Kursat Bora , YARAR Coskun , CAVUSOGLU Dilek 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Children with chronic neurological diseases,including cerebral palsy(CP)are especially susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections and face an increased risk of severe respiratory infections and decompensation of their disease.This study aims to examine age-appropriate immunization status and related factors in the CP population of our country. This cross-sectional prospective multicentered survey study included 18 pediatric neurology clinics around Turkey,wherein outpatients children with CP were included in the study.Data on patient and CP characteristics,concomitant disorders as well as vaccination status included in the National Immunization Program(NIP),administration and recommendation of influenza vaccine were collected at a single visit. A total of 1194 patients were enrolled.Regarding immunization records,the most frequently administrated and schedule completed vaccines were BCG(90.8%),hepatitis B(88.9%)and oral poliovirus vaccine (88.5%).MMR was administered to 77.3% and DTaP-IPV-HiB was administered to 60.5% of patients.For the pneumococcal vaccines,54.1% of children had received PCV in the scope of the NIP, and 15.2% of children were not fully vaccinated for their age.The influenza vaccine, was administered only to 3.4% of the patients at any time and had never been recommended to 1122 parents(93.9%).In the patients with severe(grade 4 and 5)motor dysfunction,the frequency of incomplete/none vaccination of hepatitis B,BCG, DTaP-IPV-HiB,OPV,MMR were statistically more common than mild to moderate(grade 1–3)motor dysfunction(p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.00, and p < 0.001, respectively).Influenza vaccine recommendation by physicians was higher in the severe motor dysfunction group and the difference was statistically significant(p = 0.029). Children with CP had lower immunization rates and incomplete immunization programs.Clinicians must ensure children with CP receive the same preventative health measures as healthy children,including vaccines.
Toxicological evaluation of engineered layered double hydroxide nanomaterials to Biomphalaria alexandrina snails: a study on the mechanism of action
Authors: Abdo Heba , Ibrahim Amina Mohamed , Hussein Taghreed , Mohamed Fatma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials have recently become immense research area as it is used widely in industries. So, it's chance of their release into natural environment and risk assessment to non-target aquatic invertebrate increasing. So, the present study aimed to synthesize and confirme the crystalline formation of Co-Cd-Fe LDHs and Co-Cd-Fe /PbI2 (LDH), and then to investigate the toxic impact of the two LDH on the adult freshwater snails (Biomphalaia alexandrina). Results showed that Co-Cd-Fe /PbI2 LDH has more toxic effect to adult Biomphalaria than Co-Cd-Fe LDHs (LC50 was 56.4 mg/l, 72 h of exposure). The effect of LC25 (117.1 mg/l) of Co-Cd-Fe LDHs exposure on the embryo; showed suppression of embryonic development and induced embryo malformation. Also, it showed alterations in the tegmental architectures of the mantle-foot region of B. alexandrina snails as declared in scanning electron micrograph. Also, exposure to this sub lethal concentration caused abnormalities in hemocyte shapes and up-regulated IL-2 level in soft tissue. In addition, it decreased levels of non-enzymatic reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase-3 activity and total protein content in significant manner. While, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was not affected by LDH exposure. It caused histopathological damages in both the hermaphrodite and digestive glands. Also, it has a genotoxic effect that was confirmed by alkaline comet assay. The results from the present study indicated that LDH has risk assessment on aquatic B. alexandrina snails and that it can be used as a biological indicator of water pollution with LDH
Intratumoral Cellular Heterogeneity Critically Determines Extracellular Vesicle Uptake in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kelemen Andrea , Carmi Idan , Oszvald Ádám , Lőrincz Péter , Petővári Gábor , Tölgyes Tamás , Dede Kristóf , Bursics Attila , Buzás Edit I. , Wiener Zoltán 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients carry mutations in the APC gene, which leads to an unregulated activation of the Wnt pathway. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are considered as potential therapeutic tools. Although CRC is a genetically heterogenous disease, the significance of the inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity in EV uptake of CRC cells is not yet known. By using mouse and patient-derived organoids, the currently available best model of capturing cellular heterogeneity, we found that Apc mutation induces the expression of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm1), a membrane protein that plays a major role in cellular antiviral responses. Importantly, organoids derived from IFITM1high CRC cells contained more proliferating cells. Whereas we found no difference in the uptake of liposomes between IFITM1high and IFITM1low/− cells, IFITM1high cells had a markedly reduced uptake of fibroblast EVs as compared to IFITM1low/− cells. In contrast, there was no difference in the intensity of EV release between CRC subpopulations with high and low IFITM1 level. Importantly, the difference in cell proliferation between these two subpopulations disappeared in the presence of fibroblast-derived EVs, proving the functional relevance of the enhanced EV uptake by IFITM1low CRC cells. Collectively, we identified CRC cell subpopulations with functional difference in their EV, but not liposome uptake ability that must be taken into consideration when using EVs as therapeutic tools for targeting cancer cells.
The assisting-approach of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto amine-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a biocatalyst
Authors: Keshta Basem E. , Gemeay Ali H. , Khamis Abeer A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To enhance the removal of dye, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized onto amine-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide and used as a biocatalyst for the oxidative degradation of Acid black-HC dye. The anchored enzyme was characterized by sets of techniques such as vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy, BET and BJH methods, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements , Zeta potential, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy. The Michaelis constant (K m ) values of free peroxidase and immobilized horseradish peroxidase were determined that equal 4.5 and 5 mM for hydrogen peroxide; 12.5 and 10 mM for guaiacol, respectively. Besides, the free peroxidase is thermally stable at 40°C however, the immobilized enzyme was up to 60°C. In the catalytic experiment, the immobilized HRP showed superior catalytic activity compared with free HRP for the oxidative decolorization and removal of Acid black-HC dye. The impacts of experimental parameters for instance catalyst dosage, pH, H 2 O 2 concentration, and temperature, were investigated. The reaction followed second-order kinetics and the thermodynamic activation parameters were determined.
Quantification of trace transformation products of rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in sand using vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction
Authors: Zhakupbekova Aray , Baimatova Nassiba , Psillakis Elefteria , Kenessov Bulat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quantification of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) transformation products (TPs) in solid samples is an important stage in monitoring of environmental pollution caused by heavy rockets launches. The new method for simultaneous quantification of UDMH TPs in sand samples using vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (Vac-HSSPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is proposed. Compared to regular HSSPME, Vac-HSSPME yielded 1.3–4.8 times higher responses for NDMA, MTA and PAl. Increasing air-evacuation time from 20 to 120 s at 23 ºC resulted in decreased responses of analytes by 25–46%. Freezing of samples (-30 ºC) had negligible effect on responses of analytes at air-evacuation time 20 s. The best combination of responses of analytes and their RSDs was achieved after air-evacuation of a sample (m = 1.00 g) for 20 s at 23 ºC, incubation for 30 min and 30-min extraction at 40°C by Car/PDMS fiber. Vac-HSSPME provided linear calibration plots in studied ranges of concentrations with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.9912 to 0.9938. The limits of detection for spiked sand samples varied from 0.035 to 3.6 ng g− 1. Spike recoveries of target analytes from sand samples were 84–97% with RSDs 1–11%. The developed method was successfully tested in the experiment on studying losses of analytes from open vials with model sand spiked with UDMH TPs. The developed method can be recommended for analysis of trace concentrations of UDMH TPs when studying their transformation, migration and distribution in contaminated sand.
HHLA2 and NEBL as novel prognostic biomarkers based on Rayleigh survival model in colorectal cancer
Authors: Khan Altaf , Aziz Mohammed Azhar , Alatar Ghada T , AlGhamdi Amal , Hussein Mohammed A , Khatlani Tanveer S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The primary focus for this study was investigation of prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC), since biomarkers are instrumental in clinical decision making and patient management as well as playing pivotal roles in precision medicine.Methods We analyzed indigenous dataset from colorectal cancer patients. Exon microarray dataset was used and 135 genes were identiﬁed as novel candidate biomarkers. 135 genes were further split into two groups: low and high gene expression values via ’maxstat’ algorithm, they were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis and univariate Cox model, and a set of 33 genes were identiﬁed as statistically signiﬁcant (p¡0.05). Furthermore, using the ’VARCLUS’ algorithms (a SAS software procedure) which is a useful tool for variable reduction, based on the divisive clustering techniques, a small subset of 5 genes were selected out of 33 signiﬁcant genes as potential candidates to build survival models. Both parametric and semi-parametric survival models were utilized to assess whether these 5 genes could be used as prognostic biomarkers.Results HHLA2 (p < 0.01) and NEBL (p < 0.01) genes emerged as potential biomarkers, based on the para- and semi-parametric models such as: Rayleigh, Exponential probability distributions, and Cox models and were also validated on independent datasets, apart from validation with qPCR test as well as with the cell lines patients data in the laboratory. A rigorous statistical evaluation for model’s performance were done via Harrell’s index, Brier score, Shoenfeld residual plots as well as with comparing several predictive model plots. We also made the comparison of Akaike and Bayesian Information(AIC and BIC) criteria as well as log-likelihood estimates. The Tukey-Anscome plot and Quantile-Quantile plot as diagnostic tools were applied to validate the parametric survival models. Conclusion Based on predictive models HHLA2 and NEBL novel biomarkers were found as statically signiﬁcant.
Isolation and functional characterization of exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus plantarum S123 isolated from traditional Chinese cheese
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Malik Samiullah , Mehwish Hafiza Mahreen , Ali Muhammad Waqas , Hussain Nazim , Khurshid Mohsin , Rajoka Muhammad Shahid Riaz , Chen Yougen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Presently, exopolysaccharide (EPS), due to its exceptional biological features is used as an efficient biopolymer. Therefore, the present study aimed is the EPS production by Lactobacillus Plantarum S123, its biopotential investigation and technological functional characterization. The results of microscopic examination suggested that the S123 EPS has a major portion of amorphous spongy like structure with partial crystalline nature. The FTIR and NMR results suggested that the S123 EPS consists on carbonyl and hydroxyl group respectively. Furthermore, the results of biopotential investigation suggested that the S123 EPS exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram’s positive (7.2mm) and Gram’s negative bacteria (11.5mm), DPPH radical scavenging activity (> 65%), water holding capacity (326.6 ± 0.5%), oil holding capacity (995.3 ± 0.2%), flocculation (89.5 ± 0.6%), and emulsifying (80.1 ± 1.1%) activities. Overall, the present results suggested that due to highly porous structure, efficient biotechnological potential the S123 EPS from Lactobacillus plantarum S123 can be used in the functional food product.
Study of Dieless Radial Spinning for Thick-Walled Cylindrical Parts With External Grooves
Authors: Liu Famei , Jin Junsong , Rao Wei , Wang Ying , Gao Chang , Tang Xuefeng , Wang Xinyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thick-walled cylindrical parts with external grooves are common components in the automobile and aviation fields. Such components can be produced by pressing the outer surface of a spinning thick-walled aluminum alloy tube by the dieless radial spinning process. The forming characteristics in the spinning process and the effects of various process parameters on forming were studied by using orthogonal tests and finite element simulations. During the forming process, bulge and thickness reductions occur because of material flow. The results of an investigation of process parameter effects show that the stress yield ratio (ξ) had no significant effect on forming. However, the feed thickness ratio (η) and initial wall thickness of the tube (t0) crucially affected the forming quality (e.g., the heights of bulges and thickness reduction in the groove area). Thick-walled tubes presented different phenomena compared to the thin-walled.
Opto-Electronic Properties of Epoxy/Silicone Blend Based Thin Films
Authors: Ziat Younes , Belkhanchi Hamza , Hammi Maryama , Laghlimi Charaf , Moutcine A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, the rise of two dimensional amorphous nanostructured thin films have ignited a big interest because of their intriguingly isotropic structural and physical properties leading to potential applications in the nano-optoelectronics. However, according to literature, most of optoelectronic properties are investigated on chalcogenides related heterostructures. This has motivated the present work aiming to provide a new platform for the fabrication, examination of the properties and the applications of 2D nanostructured thin films based on epoxy/silicone blend. Thin films of Epoxy/Silicone loaded with nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were prepared by sol-gel method and deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrates at room temperature. Further examination of optical properties aimed the investigation of optical pseudo-gap and Urbach energy and enabled the determination of processed films thickness based on Manifacier and Swanepol method. The results indicated that the unloaded thin films have a direct optical transition with a value of 3.61 eV followed by noticeable shift towards narrowing gaps depending on the loading rate. Urbach's energy is 0.19 eV for the unloaded thin films, and varies from 0.43 to 1.33 eV for the loaded thin films with increasing the rate of N-CNTs. It is inversely variable with the optical pseudo-gap. Finally, Epoxy/Silicone loaded with N-CNTs nanocomposites films can be developed as active layers with specific optical characteristics, giving the possibility to be used in electro-optical applications.
Aleurodiscus Bicornis and A. Formosanus Spp. Nov. (Basidiomycota) With Smooth Basidiospores, and Description of A. Parvisporus From NE China
Authors: Wu Sheng-Hua , Wei Chia-Ling , Chang Chiung-Chih 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Three species of Aleurodiscus s.l. characterized in having effused basidiomata, clamped generative hyphae and quasi-binding hyphae, sulphuric positive reaction of gloeocystidia, hyphidia, acanthophyses and smooth basidiospores, are described. They are A. bicornis sp. nov., A. formosanus sp. nov. and A. parvisporus. Aleurodiscus bicornis was found from high mountains of NW Yunnan Province of SW China, grew on branch of Picea sp. Aleurodiscus formosanus was found from high mountains of central Taiwan, grew on branch of gymnosperm. Aleurodiscus parvisporus was previously reported only once from Japan and Sichuan Province of China respectively, and is reported in this study from Jilin Province of China. Phylogenetic relationships of these three species were inferred from analyses of a combined dataset consisting of three genetic markers, viz. 28S, nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), and a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, TEF1. The studied three species are phylogenetically closely related with significant support, corresponds with resemblance of their morphological features.
WITHDRAWN: Measurement of Micro Burr and Slot Widths through Image Processing: Comparison of Manual and Automated Measurements
Authors: AKKOYUN FATIH , Ercetin Ali , Aslantas Kubilay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the burr and slot widths formed after micro-milling process are investigated using a rapid and accurate image processing method. The measurements are obtained by processing the images and results were compared with a manual measurement method. In the cutting experiment stage, Inconel 718 alloy was chosen as the workpiece and cutting tools with various specific properties were used. The images of the burr and slots were captured using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Different tool geometries and cutting parameters were considered for choosing the SEM images. Captured images were processed with a computer vision software which was written in C + + programming language and open-sourced computer library (Open CV). The demonstrated approach was successfully measured the slot and burr widths in plain and complex conditions where slot and burr are nested. According to the close findings of manual and automated measurements, it was observed that burr widths increased especially at the down milling sides and slot widths decreased due to the increased cutting length. Specific tool properties such as number of cutting edge, helix angle and cutting length affected the slot and burr widths. It was determined that there is a good correlation between automated and manual measurements of slot and burr widths. The accuracy of the proposed method is above 91%, 98%, and 99% for up milling, down milling, and slot measurements, respectively.
Human Gingiva-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Osteogenic Differentiation via Suppressing T Cell Biological Activity
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Rui , Zhu Jing , Chen Shulan , Xu Ling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence has revealed that human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are emerging as a new line of mesenchymal stem cells and have a robust immune regulatory function and regenerative ability. However, the relationship between immune regulatory function and regenerative ability is unclear, whether GMSCs promoted osteoblastic differentiation by regulating immune cells. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of GMSCs regulating T-cell biological activity on osteoblasts in a direct contact co-culture system. GMSCs and T-cell were co-cultured, the co-culture supernatant was collected and acted on MC3T3-E1 cells, then the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red staining, Immunofluorescence staining, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of osteogenic genes were detected to evaluated the osteogenesis differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Results: Our results demonstrated that GMSCs could suppress the activated T-cell function by downregulation pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and Tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Meanwhile, the co-culture supernatant significantly increased osteogenic differentiation of ME3T3-E1.Conclusion: GMSCs could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by inhibiting the biological activity of activated T-cell.
Assessing Sex Differential in COVID-19 Mortality Rate by Age and Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Results; An Iranian Multi-Center Study
Authors: Looha Mehdi Azizmohammad , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Janbazi Shahriar , Zarean Elaheh , Amini Payam , Masaebi Fatemeh , Kazemi Maryam , Vahedian-Azimi Amir , Mirmomeni Golshan , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Males are more likely to die from COVID-19 than females. In addition, the mortality rate among positive and suspected COVID-19 patients were reported in many literatures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sex differential effect in the COVID-19 mortality by different age groups and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results. Methods: in a multicenter cross-sectional study from 55 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, patients were categorized as the positive, negative and suspected cases. Age group, sex and hospital wards were also assessed in analysis. Results: A total of 25481 cases (14791 males) were included in the study with the mortality rate of 12.0%. The mortality rate in positive, negative and suspected cases were 20.55%, 9.97% and 7.31%, respectively. Although the mortality in negative test group was considerable, sex was not associated with the death rate in this group. Using Cox regression model, sex had a significant effect on the hazard of death due to COVID-19 in adults and senior patients having positive and suspected PCR test results. However, sex was not found as significant factor for mortality in patients with negative PCR test occurring to different age groups. Conclusion: Regardless of other risk factors, we found that sex differential effect in COVID-19 mortality varies significantly in different age groups; therefore, appropriate strategies should be designed to protect adult and senior men from this deadly infectious disease. Furthermore, owing to the considerable death rate of COVID-19 patients with negative test results, new policies should be launched increase the accuracy of diagnosis tests.