bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining Outcomes of Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Network Analysis of Follow-Up Effects
Authors: Kaiser Tim , Boschloo Lynn , Berger Thomas , Meyer Björn , Späth-Nellissen Christina , Schröder Johanna , Hohagen Fritz , Moritz Steffen , Klein Jan Philipp 
Published: April 2021

Background: Depression is a highly prevalent mental disorder, but only a fraction of those affected receive evidence-based treatments. Recently, Internet-based interventions were introduced as an efficacious and cost-effective approach. However, even though depression is a heterogenous construct, effects of treatments have mostly been determined using aggregated symptom scores. This carries the risk of concealing important effects and working mechanisms of those treatments.Methods: In this study, we analyze outcome and long-term follow-up data from the EVIDENT study, a large (N = 1,013) randomized-controlled trial comparing an Internet intervention for depression (Deprexis) with care as usual. We use Network Intervention Analysis to examine the symptom-specific effects of the intervention. Using data from intermediary and long-term assessments that have been conducted over 36 months, we intend to reveal how the treatment effects unfold sequentially and are maintained.Results: Item-level analysis showed that scale-level effects can be explained by small item-level effects on most depressive symptoms at all points of assessment. Higher scores on these items at baseline predicted overall symptom reduction throughout the whole assessment period. Network intervention analysis offered insights into potential working mechanisms: while deprexis directly affected certain symptoms of depression (e.g., worthlessness and fatigue) and certain aspects of the quality of life (e.g., overall impairment through emotional problems), other domains were affected indirectly (e.g., depressed mood and concentration as well as activity level). The configuration of direct and indirect effects replicates previous findings from another study examining the same intervention.Conclusions: Internet interventions for depression are not only effective in the short term, but also exert long-term effects. Their effects are likely to affect only a small subset of problems. Patients reporting these problems are likely to benefit more from the intervention. Future studies on online interventions should examine symptom-specific effects as they potentially reveal the potential of treatment tailoring.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02178631.
Intentional Discontinuation of Psychostimulants Used to Treat ADHD in Youth: A Review and Analysis
Authors: Lohr W. David , Wanta Jonathon W. , Baker Megan , Grudnikoff Eugene , Morgan Wynne , Chhabra Divya , Lee Terry 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This paper reviews the literature on intentional discontinuation of psychostimulants in ADHD to summarize what is known about clinical course of controlled discontinuation and guide practitioners who are considering stopping these medications for youth with ADHD.Methods: A systematic search was executed in Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Psychinfo, and MEDLINE databases to identify all articles that addressed the topic of deprescribing of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents. Keywords and search strings were developed using “PICO” framework, involving Population of interest (&lt;18 y.o.), Intervention (“discontinuation,” “deprescribing,” and synonyms), Comparator (continuation of specific medications), and Outcomes. Ten reviewers conducted the initial screen via a single reviewer system. Articles that met a set of three inclusionary criteria were selected for full text review and identification as specific to discontinuation of stimulants in ADHD.Results: The literature review identified 35 articles specifically addressing intentional deprescribing, discontinuation, tapering, or withdrawal of stimulants for children and adolescents with ADHD. In addition to providing broad support for the efficacy of stimulants to treat ADHD and reduce negative outcomes, there is a distinct population of children and adolescents with ADHD who do not relapse or deteriorate when taken off medications for ADHD. The majority of articles addressed either the re-emergence of ADHD symptoms or side effects, both desired and adverse, following discontinuation of stimulants. While confirming the ability of stimulants to treat ADHD in youth, our results support periodic consideration of trials of stopping medications to determine continued need.Conclusions: This systematic review summarizes the literature on deprescribing stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration of treatment, identify patients that may benefit from medication discontinuation, and inform evidence-based guidelines for discontinuation when appropriate. More research is needed to understand and define the subgroup of youth who may succeed with stimulant discontinuation.
Effects of Acrophobic Fear and Trait Anxiety on Human Behavior in a Virtual Elevated Plus-Maze
Authors: Madeira Octavia , Gromer Daniel , Latoschik Marc Erich , Pauli Paul 
Published: April 2021

The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) is a well-established apparatus to measure anxiety in rodents, i.e., animals exhibiting an increased relative time spent in the closed vs. the open arms are considered anxious. To examine whether such anxiety-modulated behaviors are conserved in humans, we re-translated this paradigm to a human setting using virtual reality in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system. In two studies, we examined whether the EPM exploration behavior of humans is modulated by their trait anxiety and also assessed the individuals’ levels of acrophobia (fear of height), claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces), sensation seeking, and the reported anxiety when on the maze. First, we constructed an exact virtual copy of the animal EPM adjusted to human proportions. In analogy to animal EPM studies, participants (N = 30) freely explored the EPM for 5 min. In the second study (N = 61), we redesigned the EPM to make it more human-adapted and to differentiate influences of trait anxiety and acrophobia by introducing various floor textures and lower walls of closed arms to the height of standard handrails. In the first experiment, hierarchical regression analyses of exploration behavior revealed the expected association between open arm avoidance and Trait Anxiety, an even stronger association with acrophobic fear. In the second study, results revealed that acrophobia was associated with avoidance of open arms with mesh-floor texture, whereas for trait anxiety, claustrophobia, and sensation seeking, no effect was detected. Also, subjects’ fear rating was moderated by all psychometrics but trait anxiety. In sum, both studies consistently indicate that humans show no general open arm avoidance analogous to rodents and that human EPM behavior is modulated strongest by acrophobic fear, whereas trait anxiety plays a subordinate role. Thus, we conclude that the criteria for cross-species validity are met insufficiently in this case. Despite the exploratory nature, our studies provide in-depth insights into human exploration behavior on the virtual EPM.
Sense of Unity and Self-Reported Health Among 15-year-Olds: Findings From the Swedish 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Study
Authors: Wahlström Joakim , Modin Bitte , Svensson Johan , Löfstedt Petra , Brolin Låftman Sara 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Sense of unity refers to the positive feeling of being part of a larger social structure. This study aimed to investigate to what extent adolescents report sense of unity and if this differs across groups, and to assess the associations between sense of unity and self-reported health while taking into account sociodemographic characteristics and tangible social relationships.Methods: Data were obtained from the 2017/18 Swedish Health Behavior in School-aged Children study, using information collected among 15-year-old students (n = 1,392). Linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: The participants reported overall high levels of sense of unity. Sense of unity did not differ by gender, but adolescents without an immigrant background and those with higher family affluence reported higher levels. Sense of unity was inversely associated with psychological complaints, somatic complaints, and less than good self-rated health, even when adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and family, classmate, and teacher relationships.Conclusion: This study suggests that sense of unity may be an important social determinant for adolescent health. More research is needed on the origins and implications of sense of unity.
Napsin A Expression in Human Tumors and Normal Tissues
Authors: Weidemann Sören , Böhle Jan Lukas , Contreras Hendrina , Luebke Andreas M. , Kluth Martina , Büscheck Franziska , Hube-Magg Claudia , Höflmayer Doris , Möller Katharina , Fraune Christoph , Bernreuther Christian , Rink Michael , Simon Ronald , Menz Anne , Hinsch Andrea , Lebok Patrick , Clauditz Till , Sauter Guido , Uhlig Ria , Wilczak Waldemar , Steurer Stefan , Burandt Eike , Krech Rainer , Dum David , Krech Till , Marx Andreas , Minner Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Background: Novel aspartic proteinase of the pepsin family A (Napsin A, TAO1/TAO2) is a functional aspartic proteinase which is involved in the maturation of prosurfactant protein B in type II pneumocytes and the lysosomal protein catabolism in renal cells. Napsin A is highly expressed in adenocarcinomas of the lung and is thus commonly used to affirm this diagnosis. However, studies have shown that other tumors can also express Napsin A.Methods: To comprehensively determine Napsin A expression in normal and tumor tissue, 11,957 samples from 115 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 500 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were evaluable by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays.Results: Napsin A expression was present in 16 different tumor types. Adenocarcinoma of the lung (85.6%), clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary (71.7%), clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (42.8%), papillary renal cell carcinoma (40.2%), clear cell (tubulo) papillary renal cell carcinoma (16.7%), endometrial serous carcinoma (9.3%), papillary thyroid carcinoma (9.3%) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (8.2%) were among the tumors with the highest prevalence of Napsin A positivity. In papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinoma, reduced Napsin A expression was linked to adverse clinic-pathological features (p ≤ 0.03).Conclusion: This methodical approach enabled us to identify a ranking order of tumors according to their relative prevalence of Napsin A expression. The data also show that loss of Napsin A is linked to tumor dedifferentiation in renal cell carcinomas.
Meningkatkan Kemahiran Mengingat Lima Hukum Asas Tajwid Dalam Tilawah Al-Quran
Authors: Mohd Nawi Muhammad Zulazizi , Mohamed Noor Muhamad Amirul 
Published: April 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji kemahiran mengingat pelajar terhadap lima hukum asas tajwid ketika mentilawahkan al-Quran. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbentuk ujian pra dan pasca ke atas 10 orang pelajar tingkatan 2 (DLP) dari Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Panglima Bukit Gantang, Parit Buntar, Perak. Sebelum pengkaji memperkenalkan kaedah pengajaran tajwid yang baharu, pengkaji perlu mengesan terlebih dahulu kelemahan pelajar. Tinjauan awal dilakukan dengan menyemak bacaan pelajar ketika waktu pengajaran dan didapati kebanyakan pelajar tidak mampu mengingat lima hukum asas tajwid selain terdapat banyak kesalahan dalam pembacaan. Jadi, pengkaji memperkenalkan kaedah jari tangan kanan bagi memastikan pelajar boleh mengingat lima hukum asas tajwid dan membaca al-Quran dengan baik. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa, pelajar bukan hanya mampu mengingat hukum-hukum tajwid malah dapat mengkategorikan jenis-jenis bacaan. Dapatan kajian ini juga turut menyumbang kepada maklumat asas mengenai fungsi tanwin (ًٌٍ ) dan nun sakinah (نْ). Kaedah jari tangan kanan mempunyai kelebihan yang tersendiri dan kaedah ini perlu diperluaskan sebagai alat bantu mengajar dalam arus perdana.

Enhancing the Skills of Memorizing the Five Basics of Tajweed in Holy Quran Recitation
This article aims to study students’ memorization skills on the five basics of tajweed when reciting the Quran. This study uses a quantitative approach in the form of pre and post-tests on 10 form 2 students (DLP) from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Panglima Bukit Gantang, Parit Buntar, Perak. Before the researcher introduces a new method of teaching tajweed, the researcher must first detect the weaknesses of the students. A preliminary survey was done by checking students’ reciting during teaching sessions and it was found that most students are not able to memorize the five basics of tajweed apart from there are many errors in reciting. So, the researcher introduced the method of the right-hand finger to ensure that students can memorize the five basics of tajweed and recite the holy Quran well. The findings of the study show that students are not only able to memorize tajweed but can also recognize the types of recitation. The findings of this study also contribute to the basic information on the function of tanween (ًٌٍ ) and nun sakinah (نْ). The right-handed finger method has its advantages and this method needs to be expanded as a teaching aid in the mainstream.
Hubungan Adversity Quotient dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di SMP
Authors: Laili Nurul 
Published: April 2021

Masa pandemi ini sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan siswa dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran sehingga harus melakukan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Siswa dikatakan berhasil mengikuti pembelajaran dengan baik dengan melihat hasil belajarnya. Adversity Quotient merupakan salah satu kecerdasan yang dimiliki untuk mengenali kesulitan diri sendiri dan mampu mengubahnya sebagai potensi untuk mengatasi kesulitan. Hal ini penting dilakukan mahasiswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran jarak jauh kali ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Adversity Quotient dengan hasil belajar matematika. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII di Depok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dengan analisis data deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan media Google Form dengan menyebarkan kuesioner yang berjumlah 16 item pernyataan. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 130 siswa, dengan 61 siswa laki-laki dan 69 siswa perempuan. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam uji korelasi penelitian ini memiliki nilai sig. 0,000 <0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara Adversity Quotient dengan hasil belajar siswa.

Relationship between Adversity Quotient and Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes for Distance Learning in Junior High Schools
This pandemic period greatly affects the development of students in carrying out learning activities so they have to do distance learning. Students are said to be successful in following the learning well by seeing the learning outcomes. Adversity Quotient is one of the intelligences possessed to recognize one's own difficulties and be able to change them as potential to overcome difficulties. This is important for students in distance learning activities at this time. This study aims to determine the relationship between Adversity Quotient and mathematics learning outcomes. The subjects in this study were 7th grade students in Depok. The research method used was a survey with descriptive data analysis. Collecting data using Google Form media by distributing questionnaires with a total of 16 statement items. Respondents in this study were 130 students, with 61 male students and 69 female students. The results obtained in the correlation test of this study have a sig value. 0.000 <0.05. It can be concluded that there is a significant and positive relationship between Adversity Quotient and student learning outcomes.
EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACT FROM LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) LEAVES ON VAIABILITY OF SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF FISH BALLS
Authors: Kamona Zaid K. , Alzobaay Amer H. H. 
Published: April 2021

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) plant belongs to the Gramineae family. Lemongrass leaves essential oils were extracted by Clevenger method, antibacterial, MIC and MBC were evaluated against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and micrococcus spp., recorded high sensitivity to essential oil with inhibition zone reached (40, 32, and 28) mm respectively. While Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli recorded (20, 20, and 22) mm respectively. MIC and MBC values reached (3, 6.5) % respectively for gram-positive bacteria and (25,50) % respectively for gram-negative bacteria. C.citratus leaves essential oil showed superior efficiency in reduction count of total microorganisms, coliform bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and molds and yeasts, as well as the elongated shelf life for 15 days of fish balls treated with (5,10) µl\gram of essential oil under refrigerated storage compared with control treatment ( no oil added) which excluded for test after 6 days of refrigerated storage because microbial load and bad quality. Fish balls samples Lg10 (treated with 10µl\g of essential oil) gained best sensorial properties of color, texture, flavor, taste and overall acceptability were recorded 9/9 at the end of storage compared with treatment Lg5 (5µl\g essential oil added) which gained acceptable sensorial score through refrigerated storage periods.
LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL SHOWS AN ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT ON LUNG CANCER CELLS AND ITS ROLE IN EXPRESSION OF P53 GENE
Authors: Abdulhasan G. A. 
Published: April 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effect of lemongrass essential oil (LEO) from Cymbopogon citratus on A549 cell line and their effect on the expression of p53 gene in lung cancer cells. The LEO was extracted and anlaysed using GC-MS analysis, the cytotoxicity of LEO against lung cancer cells was examined using MMT assay and finally the expression of p53 was determined via qRT-PCR. The chromatogram of GC-MS exhibited 14 compounds in ELO, the major one is citral (56.4%). The cytotoxicity of LEO was dose dependent which proliferation of the lung cells were significantly inhibited with increased concentration of essential oil (P≤ 0.01) as well as the IC50 was 29.13 ppm. Furthermore, it showed that cell treated with IC50 of LEO had a significant higher gene expression (P≤ 0.05) in the fold of p53 expression than untreated cells with change fold of 4.47±0.7. In conclusion, C. citratus essential oil have been found to possess antiproliferative activity against lung cancer cells and upregulation of p53 gene which can be considered a promising treatment for lung cancer patients.
CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR BASED ON A NEW MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS(MIPS) FOR HIGHLY SELECTIVE AND SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF CLEBOPRIDE (CBD) IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMMERCIAL SAMPLES
Authors: Al-Bayati Y. K. 
Published: April 2021

Clebopride (CBD) selective molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs) were based on ion-pair by prepared four polymers(MIPs) using CBD as the template a well as (Acryl amide) (AAM), 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane sulphonic Acid (2-AAMMPSA as monomer, used N,N-ethylenebismethacrylamide (EBMAA) ,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ethylene glycol(EGDMAC), N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (NNMBAAM)) as cross linker and used benzoyl peroxide as initiator . NIPs prepared by using the same composition of MIPs except the template (CBD). The MIPs were prepared using variation ratio of monomer and cross linker .These MIPs applicate as solid phase extraction for determination CBD in pharmaceutical preparation used UV as detector .the results gave good response, where the reconstruction percentage (Rec%) value of CBD drug took the range (99- 101% ), and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) value took the range (0.27% - 0.93 %) for standard solution and Rec% took values of (98- 99) %, and RSD% took values of (0.86 – 1.62) % of CBD drug for the Clebopride pharmaceutical.
THE USE OF TEACHER’S CODE SWITCHING IN ENGLISH TEACHING
Authors: Author Eko 
Published: April 2021

This research is to describe code switching that teacher used in teaching process. The researcher wants to analysis the type and the function of using code switching by teacher because English is not compulsory subject in elementary school and English is still unfamiliar for Indonesian students. The subject was English teacher who teaches in seventh grade at SMPN 1 Parungponteng, Tasikmalaya. Based on the research, the teacher practiced code switching in order to help the students in delivering materials. In the process of code switching, the teacher practiced Bahasa Indonesia, Sundanese and English. The aims of this research were to classify the types of code switching and functions of code switching. It was descriptive qualitative research designs of which instrument are both observation and interview. The findings from the data analysis indicated that the types of code switching were found in three types: inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, tag switching. The functions of code switching used by the teacher were found three functions: message reiteration, message qualification and interjection. Furthermore, the type reason of using code switching by teacher based on interview was repetition used for clarification because the teacher wants students understand what teacher has explained. Keyword: code switching, sociolinguistics, bilingualism, English as a foreign language, EFL teaching.
Peningkatan Nutrien Silase Pennisetum purpureum dengan Penambahan Berbagai Konsentrasi Asam Formiat
Authors: Sariri Ahimsa Kandi , Sukaryani Sri 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari konsentrasi penambahan asam formiat pada silase yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan nilai nutritif silase Pennisetum purpureum. Asam formiat yang digunakan dalam bentuk cair yang terbagi dalam perlakuan 0; 0,15; 0,3 dan 0,45 % berat hijauan kemudian hijauan yang telah dipotong-potong kemudian dibagi-bagi dalam perlakuan T0 = pemberian asam formiat 0% berat hijauan, T1 = pemberian asam formiat 0,15% berat hijauan, T2 = pemberian asam formiat 0,3% berat hijauan, T3 = pemberian asam formiat 0,45% berat hijauan. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok pola searah. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi kadar air, kandungan protein kasar dan kandungan serat kasar silase. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan Penambahan asam formiat 0,15% pada pembuatan silase hijauan Pennisetum purpureum memberikan kandungan nutritif dan performa terbaik yaitu kandungan air 52.15%, PK 12.28%, serat kasar 9,51% dan performa yang menarik yaitu berwarna segar, hangat dan beraroma asam, penambahan asam formiat 0,3% pada pembuatan silase hijauan Pennisetum purpureum memberikan kandungan nutritif tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol dan penambahan asam formiat 0,45% pada pembuatan silase hijauan Pennisetum purpureum memberikan kandungan nutritif yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan kontrol tetapi performanya rendah dan mudah rusak.