bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Efciency of Detection of Vibrio cholerae Genetic Determinants Through Waterbody Vibrioﬂora Monitoring System
Authors: Mironova L. V. , Ponomareva A. S. , Basov E. A. , Fedotova I. S. , Khunkheeva Zh. Yu. , Fortunatova A. V. , Bochalgin N. O. , Gladkikh A. S. , Urbanovich L. Ya. , Balakhonov S. V. 
Published: October 2021

Objective of the study was to assess the eﬀectiveness of PCR screening of Vibrio cholerae genetic determinants in samples from surface water reservoirs for optimization of the cholera microbiological monitoring system.Materials and methods. The study was carried out as a part of the vibrioﬂora monitoring in surface water bodies in Irkutsk city. The study design included: 1) PCR screening of V. cholerae genetic determinants in nutrient-enriched (1 % peptone water) samples from surface water reservoirs during the monitoring period (824 samples); 2) studying of the V. cholerae DNA accumulation dynamics applying PCR assay of the samples from surface water reservoirs during cultivation on the enriched media (16 samples in dynamics); 3) experimental study of the detected V. cholerae concentrations in samples from surface water reservoirs. Species-specifc (hlyA, toxR) and serogroup-specifc (wbeT, wbfR) V. cholerae determinants were indicated in PCR with hybridization-ﬂuorescent and electrophoretic detection.Results and discussion. At the frst stage it was found that the proportion of the positive samples through PCR screening (33.9 %) exceeded the percentage of the positive samples in bacteriological examination (19.3 %) (t=6.6; p<0,01). In the assessment of DNA accumulation dynamics, a decrease in the threshold cycle (Ct) by 1.2–5.2 times was recorded, indicating an increase in the V. cholerae concentration and proving the detection of genetic determinants of viable forms during PCR screening. An extended study of PCR-positive but bacteriologically negative samples made it possible to additionally isolate 4 V. cholerae cultures. However, there were no diﬀerences in the sensitivity of PCR screening and bacteriological analysis in the experiment with water samples artifcially contaminated with V. cholerae unlike the analysis of the enriched native samples. It can be determined by the metabolism and adaptation peculiarities of the microorganism in diﬀerent environmental conditions. The results of the integrated study indicate the epidemiological eﬀectiveness of PCR screening which gives grounds to recommend its application in monitoring studies of vibrioﬂora from environment after preliminary enrichment on liquid nutrient media in the work of federal, territorial, and regional laboratories.
Algorithm and Results of Short-Term Forecast of Changes in the COVID-19 Spread Coefcient in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Nikitin A. Ya. , Chesnokova M. V. , Balakhonov S. V. 
Published: October 2021

There was a decrease in the number of COVID-19 cases across many entities of the Russian Federation towards the end of summer season-2020. However, the disease remains a relevant threat to the public health and economy and the possibility of a second epidemic wave is not excluded. Rate of infection transmission (Rt) is one of the most important indicators to justify the transition to next stage of removing/introducing restrictive measures on COVID-19.Objective of the work was to describe the algorithm of analysis and short-term forecast of coronavirus spread rate, to assess correspondence between theoretically expected and actual values of this indicator.Materials and methods. Procedure for making a short-term extrapolation forecast of Rt in 10 RF constituent entities, depending on the presence or absence of indicator trends with calculation of a 95 % confdence interval of possible changes in its value is provided.Results and discussion. It is proposed to carry out Rt forecast based on averaged values over a week, combining regression analysis and expert assessment of time series dynamics nature for prompt transition from trend forecasting to extrapolation of stationary observation sequences and vice versa. It has been demonstrated that predicted Rt values are not statistically diﬀerent from actual values. When making managerial decisions on COVID-19 prevention, special attention should be paid to cases when actual value of Rt exceeds the upper limit of confdence interval. Six (20.0 %) such cases were detected in surveyed entities on calendar weeks 33–35. Three of them were registered in Trans-Baikal Territory, where upward trend was reported during that period of time. The cause of this phenomenon should be analyzed. The put forward algorithm of analysis and forecasting of the Rt value changes, which was tested in 10 entities of Russia, provides a reliable basis for making management decisions on removing/introducing restrictive measures for COVID-19 prevention.
O IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NA SAÚDE MENTAL
Authors: Cavanha Tomim Geiciely , Teotonio Do Nascimento Daniel 
Published: October 2021

A COVID-19 é uma doença altamente infecciosa e, devido sua rápida disseminação em nível global, a OMS a anunciou uma pandemia. Diante deste contexto, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da pandemia da COVID-19 na saúde mental da população brasileira em geral, verificando os possíveis impactos desencadeadores das alterações emocionais. Como método, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com buscas, sem delimitação de tempo, na Biblioteca Eletrônica SCIELO, sendo analisados 18 artigos em profundidade. Os principiais resultados evidenciaram que: (a) a uma pandemia provoca alterações na alimentação, delimitação de atividades físicas, modificações imunológicas, aumento de sentimentos negativos e consequências psicológicas; (b) a população tem vivenciado não só uma crise sanitária, mas também uma crise política, com alterações financeiras significativas e aumento dos índices de violência doméstica; (c) os transtornos mentais surgem pela influência de múltiplos fatores, e consequentemente pode despertar esse sofrimento mental; (d) diferentes boas práticas podem contribuir para manter a saúde mental e reduzir sintomas psicopatológicos durante e após a pandemia de COVID-19. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa contribui ao sintetizar os possíveis impactos da pandemia na saúde mental, ampliando assim, possibilidades de avaliação do contexto em saúde mental na pandemia da COVID-19.
Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Acids in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Panda Chinmay Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Bladder cancer carries a poor prognosis and has proven resistance to chemotherapy. Pentacyclic
Triterpenoid Acids (PTAs) are natural bioactive compounds that have a well-known impact
on cancer research because of their cytotoxic and chemopreventive activities. This review focuses
on bladder cancer which can no longer be successfully treated by DNA damaging drugs. Unlike
most of the existing drugs against bladder cancer, PTAs are non-toxic to normal cells. Collecting
findings from both in vitro and in vivo studies, it has been concluded that PTAs may serve as promising
agents in future bladder cancer therapy. In this review, the roles of various PTAs in bladder
cancer have been explored, and their mechanisms of action in the treatment of bladder cancer have
been described. Specific PTAs have been shortlisted from each of the chief skeletons of pentacyclic
triterpenoids, which could be effective against bladder cancer because of their mode of action. This
review thereby throws light on the multi targets and mechanisms of PTAs, which are responsible for
their selective anticancer effects and provides guidelines for further research and development of
new natural antitumor compounds.
Thiophene and Its Analogs as Prospective Antioxidant Agents: A Retrospective
Study
Authors: Mishra Raghav , Kumar Nitin , Sachan Neetu 
Published: October 2021

:
The field of Free Radical Chemistry has gained considerable interest in the current scenario.
The formation of free radicals is attributable to different physiochemical factors, radiation exposure,
pathological conditions, environmental contaminants, and as by-products of metabolized drugs.
The concentration of free radicals is regulated strongly under normal conditions by physiological antioxidants.
Free radicals may cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, sugars, and DNA when abundantly
produced or when antioxidants are depleted. This imbalance of reduction-oxidation, referred to
as oxidative stress, can change the body's physiological conditions and ultimately lead to tissue injury,
further contributing to various disease pathologies. A proper balance between free radicals and antioxidants
is required for an effective physiological process. The oxidation mechanism is chemically hindered
by antioxidants; these are often called free radical scavengers. The application of an external
antioxidant source is crucial in addressing the issue of oxidative stress. Plenty of naturally occurring,
semi-synthetic, and synthetic antioxidants are used, and the search for an efficient, non-toxic, and safe
antioxidant is stepped up over time. As an influential scaffold, thiophene and its derivatives have become
a significant source of interest for researchers due to its substantial variety of biological activities.
The versatility of thiophene moiety has been identified by an affluent unveiling of its derivatives
with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial behaviors. Thiophene activity has
been influenced greatly by the nature and orientation of the substitutions. The current study aims at
addressing various synthetic compounds with thiophene or condensed thiophene as a fundamental
moiety or substituent as radical scavengers.
Recent Progress in Andrographolide Derivatization: Structural Modification
and Biological Activity
Authors: Wang Wang , Yang Yueying , Liu Yang , Sun Dejuan , Li Hua , Chen Lixia 
Published: October 2021

:
Natural products have remarkable structural diversity and biological characteristics, providing
researchers with more possibilities to develop novel drugs for disease therapeutics. Andrographolide,
an ent-labdane diterpenoid from traditional Chinese medicines, Andrographis paniculata,
exhibits a broad range of biological activities, which has been a hot area of research for several years.
Up to now, lots of its derivatives with multiple bioactivities have been prepared through chemical
modification. This review summarizes andrographolide derivatives prepared in the last ten years
(2006-present), classifies them by different biological activities, and provides some discussion about
the design of novel and potent derivatives.
Sustainable Catalyst-free N-formylation using CO2 as a Carbon Source
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Yang Song , Li Hu 
Published: October 2021

:
The development of new sustainable catalytic conversion methods of carbon dioxide (CO2) is of great interest in the synthesis of valuable chemicals. N-formylation of CO2 with amine nucleophiles as substrates has been studied in depth. The key to benign formylation is to select a suitable reducing agent to activate CO2. This paper showcases the activation modes of CO2 and the construction strategies of sustainable and catalyst-free N-formylation systems. The research progress of catalyst-free N-formylation of amines and CO2 is reviewed. There are two broad prominent categories, namely reductive amidation of CO2 facilitated by organic solvents and ionic liquids in the presence of hydrosilane. Attention is also paid to discussing the involved reaction mechanism with practical applications and identifying the remaining challenges in this field.
QSAR Model Study of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole of Cystic-
brosis-transmembrane Conductance-regulator Gene Potentiators
Authors: Si Yaru , Ma Kang , Hu Yingfeng , Si Hongzong , Zhai Honglin 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease, which has no effective treatment.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to predict the EC50 value of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole core as a novel chemotype of potentiators to establish a highly predicting quantitative structure-activity relationship model.

Methods:
41 products were optimized, and a linear model was built by a heuristic method in CODESSA program. In this study, 3 descriptors were selected and utilized to build a nonlinear model in gene expression programming.

Results:
The square of the correlation coefficient of the heuristic method is 0.57, and the s2 is 0.30. In gene expression programming, the square of correlation coefficient and the mean square error for the training set are 0.74 and 0.13, respectively. The square of correlation coefficient and the mean square error for the test set are 0.70 and 0.27, respectively.

Conclusion:
The GEP model has stronger predictive ability to help develop the novel structure of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole of cystic-brosis-transmembrane conductance-regulator gene potentiators.
Sex-Related Differences in Polygraphic Parameters in a Population of
Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Buratti Laura , Rocchi Chiara , Totaro Viviana , Broggi Serena , Lattanzi Simona , Viticchi Giovanna , Falsetti Lorenzo , Silvestrini Mauro 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Sex-related differences in the prevalence and clinical presentation of Obstructive
Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) have been widely documented. The aim of this study was
to investigate the influence of patients’ sex on polygraphic parameters with particular attention to
sleep autonomic changes in a population of OSAS patients.

Methods:
Sixty OSAS patients aged 55-65 years (30 men, 30 women) were enrolled. Sleep quality
was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and daytime sleepiness with the Epworth
Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The presence of respiratory events and autonomic changes during
the night was investigated by polygraphy.

Results :
Similar main cardiovascular risk factors prevalence was observed in both men and women.
We observed a significant difference in PSQI (higher in women, p=0.0001) and ESS (higher in
men, p=0.004) scores. Snoring (p=0.033), supine AHI (p=0.004), T90 (p=0.021), LO2 (p=0.0001),
LF/HF ratio and LF (p=0.0001) were significantly higher in men. Sex differences in PSQI mean
score and LF/HF ratio variability were preserved in all the subgroups of OSA severity.

Conclusion:
The influence of sex in modulating cardiovascular risk is a widely discussed topic. In
our study, men showed more severe polygraphic parameters and an increase in LF/HF ratio compared
to women. The results of our investigation suggest the relevance of delivering information
about the different expressions of OSAS in men and women in order to improve diagnostic skills
and in-depth prevention approaches.
Assessing the Quality of Online Health Information About Breast Cancer from Chinese Language Websites: Quality Assessment Survey
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Luo Aijing , Bian Zhiwei , Zhao Bin , Liu Peng , Wang Kai , Liu Yuwen , Xie Wenzhao , Wang Fuzhi 
Published: October 2021

Background
In China, the internet has become one of the most important ways to obtain information about breast cancer. However, quantitative evaluations of the quality of Chinese health websites and the breast cancer treatment information they publish are lacking.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Chinese breast cancer websites and the value, suitability, and accuracy of the breast cancer treatment information they publish.

Methods
Chinese breast cancer health websites were searched and manually screened according to their Alexa and Baidu search engine rankings. For each website included in the survey, which was conducted on April 8, 2019, the three most recently published papers on the website that met the inclusion criteria were included for evaluation. Three raters assessed all materials using the LIDA, DISCERN, and Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tools and the Michigan Checklist. Data analysis was completed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010.

Results
This survey included 20 Chinese breast cancer websites and 60 papers on breast cancer treatment. The LIDA tool was used to evaluate the quality of the 20 websites. The LIDA’s scores of the websites (mean=54.85, SD 3.498; total possible score=81) were low. In terms of the layout, color scheme, search facility, browsing facility, integration of nontextual media, submission of comments, declaration of objectives, content production method, and robust method, more than half of the websites scored 0 (never) or 1 (sometimes). For the online breast cancer treatment papers, the scores were generally low. Regarding suitability, 32 (53.33%) papers were evaluated as presenting unsuitable material. Regarding accuracy, the problems were that the papers were largely not original (44/60, 73%) and lacked references (46/60, 77%).

Conclusions
The quality of Chinese breast cancer websites is poor. The color schemes, text settings, user comment submission functions, and language designs should be improved. The quality of Chinese online breast cancer treatment information is poor; the information has little value to users, and pictorial information is scarcely used. The online breast cancer treatment information is accurate but lacks originality and references. Website developers, governments, and medical professionals should play a full role in the design of health websites, the regulation of online health information, and the use of online health information.
Effects of Using a Text Message Intervention on Psychological Constructs and the Association Between Changes to Psychological Constructs and Medication Adherence in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study
Authors: Bartlett Yvonne Kiera , Farmer Andrew , Newhouse Nikki , Miles Lisa , Kenning Cassandra , French David P 
Published: October 2021

Background
Poor adherence to oral medications is common in people with type 2 diabetes and can lead to an increased chance of health complications. Text messages may provide an effective delivery method for an intervention; however, thus far, the majority of these interventions do not specify either a theoretical basis or propose specific mechanisms of action. This makes it hard to determine how and whether an intervention is having an effect. The text messages included in the current intervention have been developed to deliver specific behavior change techniques. These techniques are the “active ingredients” of the intervention and were selected to target psychological constructs identified as predictors of medication adherence.

Objective
There are 2 aims of this study: (1) to assess whether a text message intervention with specified behavior change techniques can change the constructs that predict medication adherence behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes and (2) to assess whether changes to psychological constructs are associated with changes in self-reported medication adherence.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled, 6-month feasibility trial. Adults prescribed oral medication for type 2 diabetes (N=209) were recruited from general practice and randomized to either receive a text message–based intervention or care as usual. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of covariance and Spearman rho correlation coefficients.

Results
For 8 of the 14 constructs that were measured, a significant time-by-condition interaction was found: necessity beliefs, intention, maintenance self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, action control, prompts and cues, social support, and satisfaction with experienced consequences all increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Changes in action self-efficacy, intention, automaticity, maintenance self-efficacy, and satisfaction with experienced consequences were positively associated with changes in self-reported medication adherence.

Conclusions
A relatively low-cost, scalable, text message–only intervention targeting medication adherence using behavior change techniques can influence psychological constructs that predict adherence. Not only do these constructs predict self-reported medication adherence, but changes in these constructs are correlated with changes in self-reported medication adherence. These findings support the promise of text message–based interventions for medication adherence in this population and suggest likely mechanisms of action.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN13404264; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13404264
ANALISIS MEKANISME PASAR (MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DI KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL)
Authors: Siregar Erni Yusnita 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul “Analisis Mekanisme Pasar (Menurut Perspektif Islam di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal)”. Adapun latar belakang penelitian ini adalah bahwa pasar merupakan elemen penting dalam ekonomi yang dapat mewujudkan kemaslahatan dan kesejahteraan hidup manusia. Namun pada kenyataanya pasar yang selama ini berkembang khususnya di Indonesia hanya tertuju pada upaya pemaksimalan untuk mencari keuntungan sebesar-besarnya semata dan cenderung terfokus pada kepentingan sepihak. Untuk itu peneliti melakukan studi pustaka terhadap mekanisme pasar menurut perspektif Islam khususnya di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Agar mekanisme pasar dapat berjalan dengan baik dan memberikan mutual goodwill bagi para pelakunya, maka nilai – nilai moralitas mutlak ditegakkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis yaitu suatu metode yang meneliti status kelompok manusia, objek, suatu kondisi, suatu sistem pemikiran, ataupun suatu kelas peristiwa pada masa sekarang dengan tujuan membuat deskripsi, gambaran atau lukisan sistematis, faktual dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat, serta hubungan antara fenomena yang diselidiki. Maka penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa: Mekanisme pasar yang sesuai dengan perpektif Islam yaitu mekanisme pasar yang sesuai dengan syariat Islam dengan menerapkan nilai syariah dalam prespektif mikro yang menekankan aspek kompetensi/ profesionalisme dan sikap amanah, sedangkan dalam prespektif makro nilai-nilai syariahnya menekankan aspek distribusi, pelarangan riba dan kegiatan ekonomi yang tidak memberikan manfaat secara nyata kepada sistem perekonomian serta melibatkan pemerintah sebagai pengawas yang memberikan pengaturan maupun pelaksanaan kegiatan ekonomi yang tidak mampu dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat.
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) IN ECONOMIC RECOVERY DURING ECONOMIC CRISIS OF INDONESIA
Authors: Farsia Lena 
Published: October 2021

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has a primary role in providing financial support to countries facing financial crises, such as the 1998 world financial crisis. The situation has brought an enormous impact on developing countries, particularly Indonesia. This paper explores the role of The IMF and maps out the problems related to the financial crisis and its impact on Indonesian political reforms. It will be done by compiling the milestones in chronological order from 1997 until 2017. It also aims to examine the lending policies of the International Monetary Fund, which brings a country like Indonesia becomes addicted and difficult to survive or improve in its economic development. There will be an understanding of how the actual process happens. It can be used as an instrument to assess whether the existence and role of the IMF in Indonesia have a better or harmful impact on the long-term economic development of Indonesia. Keywords: The International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Development, Financial Crisis