bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapieresistente und sekundäre Hypertonie
Authors: Morell Sarah M. , Heine Gunnar H. , Fassnacht Martin 
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?
Sekundäre Hypertonie 2016 wurden Handlungsempfehlungen zum primären Hyperaldosteronismus in einer internationalen Leitlinie veröffentlicht, die 2018 speziell aus europäischer Sicht erweitert wurden. Ziel ist es, frühzeitig die entsprechenden Patienten zu detektieren, um Endorganschäden und kardiovaskulären Ereignissen vorzubeugen. Bei Verdacht auf eine atherosklerotische Nierenarterienstenose eignet sich als Suchtest leitliniengemäß die farbkodierte Duplexsonografie der Nieren und Nierenarterien. Die Therapie ist in erster Linie medikamentös.
Obstruktives Schlafapnoe-Syndrom Protrusionsschienen führen zu einem vergleichbaren moderaten Effekt auf den Bluthochdruck wie die bisher etablierte Überdruckbeatmung. Sie werden von Patienten besser toleriert.
Therapieresistente Hypertonie – konservative Behandlungsoptionen Bei der therapieresistenten Hypertonie wird als viertes Medikament Spironolacton empfohlen. Durch die zusätzliche Einnahme von Patiromer kommt es insbesondere bei Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung zu weniger Hyperkaliämien, wodurch eine sichere Spironolacton-Gabe möglich ist.
Therapieresistente Hypertonie – interventionelle Behandlungsoptionen Die renale Denervierung kann in den ersten postinterventionellen Monaten zwar zu einer signifikanten Blutdrucksenkung führen, die aber deutlich moderater ist als initiale Studien suggerierten.
Alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangel: Ursache und Kofaktor für Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Burbaum Barbara , Fromme Malin , Strnad Pavel 
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik Aus gastroenterologischer Sicht hat neben der Bestimmung von Leberenzymen die Untersuchung einer möglichen Fibrose durch nichtinvasive Techniken einen hohen Stellenwert. Besonders zu nennen ist hier die Messung mittels transienter Elastografie (z. B. mittels FibroScan). Bei einem FibroScan-Wert von ≥ 7,1kPa sollte eine detaillierte hepatologische Abklärung folgen, eine Therapie im Rahmen von laufenden Studien kann diskutiert werden.
Klinischer Verlauf Ein Zehntel der pädiatrischen Pi*ZZ-Betroffenen weist eine cholestatische Lebererkrankung auf. Nachdem die adulte Lebererkrankung lange vernachlässigt wurde, konnte vor kurzem dessen Ausmaß mit nichtinvasiven Techniken besser bewertet werden. Im Erwachsenenalter entwickeln ein Fünftel bis ein Drittel der Pi*ZZ-Subjekte eine Leberfibrose. Bereits in der heterozygoten Form (Pi*MZ) gilt der AATM als „disease modifier“, der Pi*SZ-Genotyp stellt im Vergleich zu Pi*MZ und Pi*ZZ ein intermediäres Risiko dar. In Anwesenheit von relevanten Risikofaktoren wie Diabetes mellitus, Adipositas (BMI > 30 kg/m2) und Alter > 50 Jahren prädisponiert er für die Entwicklung einer Lebererkrankung. So haben Patienten mit NAFLD/NASH oder einem kritischen Alkoholkonsum bei zusätzlichem AATM ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Leberzirrhose.
Ausblick und zukünftige Therapien Bisher existiert für die Leberbeteiligung bei AATM keine medikamentöse Therapie. Einige Pharmaka gegen die Progression der Leberfibrose befinden sich in vielversprechenden Phase-II/III-Studien. Besonders herauszustellen ist die Unterbindung der Alpha-1-Antitypsin (AAT) -Produktion mittels siRNA, für die es erste Hinweise auf eine Wirksamkeit gibt. Zum anderen befindet sich ein Medikament in klinischer Testung, welches versucht, die Z-AAT-Sekretion in den Blutkreislauf zu erhöhen.
Maximizing the Smile Symmetry in Facial Paralysis Reconstruction: An Algorithm Based on Twenty Years' Experience
Authors: Hontanilla Bernardo , Olivas-Menayo Jesus , Marré Diego , Cabello Álvaro , Aubá Cristina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, the senior author (B.H.) has had an extensive experience with facial paralysis reconstruction. During this period, the techniques have evolved substantially based on the experience and after observing and analyzing the surgical outcomes. The purpose of this article is to relay the lessons learned from the 20 years' experience and suggest an algorithm. In this retrospective study, we have included 343 cases of facial paralysis cases. Complete facial paralysis cases were 285 and 58 were incomplete facial paralyses, both requiring surgical procedures. Complete facial paralyses were divided in to short term (n = 83) and long term (n = 202). In total, 58% of the patients were women and 42% were men. The age range was 6 to 82 years. The techniques employed were direct suture, nerve grafts, cross-facial nerve grafts (CFNGs), masseteric-to-facial nerve transference, hypoglossal-to-facial nerve transference, free muscle transplants, and lengthening temporal myoplasty to achieve the best symmetry after reanimation of unilateral, bilateral, complete, and incomplete facial paralysis. The type of paralysis, objective measurements, the personal patient's smile, and the gender are key concepts to be considered before scheduling a dynamic facial paralysis reconstruction. For unilateral facial paralysis, the time of onset, the type of paralysis, the patient's comorbidities, and the healthy side status are some of the determining factors when selecting the correct technique. The preferred techniques for unilateral facial paralysis are direct repair, CFNG, masseteric-to-facial transposition, and free gracilis transfer. For incomplete facial paralysis, the masseteric-to-facial nerve transference is preferred. In bilateral facial paralysis, bilateral free gracilis transfer is performed in two stages using the nerve of the masseter muscle as the source of innervation. The authors provide an algorithm which simplifies facial paralysis reconstruction to achieve the greatest facial symmetry while thinking about the potential comorbidities and developing spontaneity smile according to the gender of the patient.
Myelopathy: A Clinical Approach
Authors: Bhai Salman , Bhattacharyya Shamik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMyelopathy is a clinical diagnosis with many causes. A focused history and neurologic exam can help identify a myelopathic syndrome that guides a targeted workup. Though an exact cause may not always be identified, a thoughtful clinical approach can narrow down the differential diagnosis enough to treat the patient.
Development of beam emission spectroscopy in the helically symmetric experiment stellarator
Authors: Kobayashi S. , Kumar S. T. A. , Anderson F. S. B. , Deng C. B. , Likin K. M. , Talmadge J. N. , Ohshima S. , Anderson D. T. 
Published: June 2021

This study shows the feasibility of a beam emission spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic in the Helically Symmetric eXperiment (HSX) stellarator for obtaining the spatiotemporal structure of density fluctuation. A beam emission simulation was applied to HSX plasmas to design and optimize viewing chords and to estimate the beam emission spectrum. A Doppler-shifted beam emission spectrum was measured from a 30 kV, 4 A diagnostic neutral beam injected into HSX plasmas. The beam emission was measured with a high-time-resolution avalanche photodiode (APD) assembly to determine the feasibility of BES in HSX. For HSX plasmas heated by 28 GHz electron cyclotron heating, a mode around f = 15 kHz was observed in the BES signal. The coherence between the BES signal and the density fluctuation measured by an interferometer system was significant. A plan for improving the BES system to enable the measurement of higher frequency related to turbulent transport is presented. The array of sightlines proposed in this study can be used to measure beam emission with a Doppler shift larger than 3 nm (blue shift), which enables the use of a wide passband interference filter to obtain higher throughput. The adoption of a large objective optics and a chilled APD assembly will improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
Antenna-integrated silicon–plasmonic graphene sub-terahertz emitter
Authors: Jiang Zhibin , Wang Yilun , Chen Liao , Yu Yu , Yuan Shixing , Deng Wentao , Wang Ruolan , Wang Ziwei , Yan Qizhi , Wu Xiaojun , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: June 2021

Photo-mixing with its advantages of ultra-large bandwidth and precise tunability has emerged as an important technique for terahertz (THz) wave generation. Recently, graphene photodetectors exhibiting a large bandwidth are expected to further boost the development of integrated THz emitters. Here, we fabricate a sub-THz emitter based on a large-bandwidth silicon–plasmonic graphene (SPG) photodetector integrated with a broadband rounded bow-tie THz antenna. The SPG sub-THz emitter is experimentally demonstrated to emit sub-THz waves with a radiation spectrum from 50 to 300 GHz. A maximum sub-THz emission power of 5.4 nW is obtained at 145 GHz with only 3 mW input light power. The SPG sub-THz emitter can be fabricated by a CMOS-compatible process, which offers enormous opportunities for its use in a variety of THz applications.
Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop).
Authors: Cubiñá Alejandro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Leptochloa mucronata is a grass native to the warmer parts of North, Central and South America and the Caribbean; taxonomists disagree over whether the form found in the Caribbean is part of the same species or should be classified separately as Leptochloa panicea ssp. brachiata. The species is present in a number of countries in south and south-east Asia, in a few countries in Africa, and in Australia; in most of these countries it is considered to be introduced, although it is reported as native in some of them. Little information is available about how it was spread, but it probably involved the accidental movement of seeds. In parts of both its native range and its introduced range it is a significant agricultural weed, and this is the main reason why it is of interest, although there have been some studies of its use as a green manure.
Raffaelea lauricola (Laurel wilt).
Authors: Fraedrich Stephen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Laurel wilt is responsible for the death of hundreds of millions of redbay (Persea borbonia sensu lato) trees throughout the southeastern USA, and the disease is also having significant effects on other species such as sassafras (Sassafras albidum) in natural ecosystems and avocado (Persea americana) in commercial production areas of south Florida. Laurel wilt is caused by the pathogen Raffaelea lauricola, a fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Thus far, the disease is confined to members of the Lauraceae that are native to the USA, or native to such places as the Caribbean, Central America and Europe and grown in the USA. The beetle and fungus are native to Asia and were likely introduced with untreated solid wood packing material at Port Wentworth, Georgia in the early 2000s. Since that time laurel wilt has spread rapidly in the coastal plains of the southeastern USA, spreading north into central North Carolina, as far west as Texas, and reaching the southernmost counties of Florida. Current models suggest that X. glabratus can tolerate temperature conditions that occur throughout much of the eastern USA, and so the disease threatens sassafras throughout much of this region. The disease poses a threat to lauraceous species indigenous to other areas of the Americas as well as Europe and Africa.
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (Tomato New Delhi virus).
Authors: Gómez Pedro , Juárez Miguel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite, single-stranded DNA virus transmitted by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. The virus was first identified in India in 1995 affecting solanaceous crops (Padidam et al., 1995) and thereafter, causing major damage to cucurbit crops on the Indian subcontinent (Zaidi et al., 2017). ToLCNDV was first detected in Europe in 2012, affecting zucchini squash crops in Spain (Juárez et al., 2014), with subsequent detections in Tunisia (Mnari-Hattab et al., 2015), Italy (Panno et al., 2016) and Morocco (Sifres et al., 2018). ToLCNDV is responsible for severe outbreaks of disease in cucurbit crops in the Mediterranean basin (Juárez et al., 2019; Panno et al., 2019) and represents a serious threat to economically important solanaceous crops in the region (Moriones et al., 2017). ToLCNDV appears to be spreading rapidly and is listed as a quarantine pest by EPPO (EPPO, 2019). There are quarantine measures to control its whitefly vector (Bertin et al., 2018).
Peronospora belbahrii (basil downy mildew).
Authors: Crouch Jo Anne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Basil downy mildew was first identified from Uganda during 1932 and 1937, resulting in significant crop losses (Hansford, 1933; Hansford, 1939). Following these original outbreaks, the disease was reported sporadically in Africa during the twentieth century: in Tanzania in 1960 (Riley, 1960), then again in Benin during 1998 (Gumedzoe et al., 1998). The disease was first identified outside of Africa in 2001, when it was reported from Switzerland (Belbahri et al., 2005). Unlike the intermittent African outbreaks of the twentieth century, the twenty-first century outbreaks of basil downy mildew are persistent, and the geographic range of P. belbahrii continues to expand. Since 2001, P. belbahrii has spread throughout Europe, North America, Asia, and parts of Africa, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Losses incurred due to basil downy mildew in the USA alone are estimated to reach tens of millions of dollars (Wyenandt et al., 2015).
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus.
Authors: Hammond John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

PlAMV was first described from the wild/weedy plant Plantago asiatica in the Russian Far East, and a Nandina mosaic isolate from cultivated Nandina domestica in the USA. PlAMV also naturally infects P. asiatica and Rehmannia glutinosa in the Republic of Korea, and N. domestica, Primula sieboldii, Lilium maximowiczii [Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii] and Viola grypoceras in Japan. PlAMV has also been detected in commercially grown lilies in the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe, Taiwan, the USA, Republic of Korea, Chile, China, New Zealand, India and Costa Rica. Japanese lily isolates are distinct from 'European-like' lily isolates, suggesting more than one introduction into lilies. Widespread occurrence in cultivated lilies is likely due to international distribution of infected bulbs. Losses of up to 80% have been reported in commercial greenhouse cut-flower production. PlAMV is able to spread readily through soil by uptake (and probably exudation) through the roots and is quite stable in contaminated planting media; no animal vector is known. PlAMV has a wide experimental host range.
Tuberose mild mottle virus (tuberose mild mottle virus).
Authors: Dey Kishore Kumar , Soria Patricia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Tuberose mild mottle virus (TuMMoV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that infects tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa), an economically important ornamental crop worldwide. TuMMoV was first described in 2001 in China, then reported in India in 2005 and more recently reported in the USA in 2016. The virus is both aphid-transmitted and mechanically transmitted, and causes mild mottling symptoms on tuberose leaves. These undesirable mottling symptoms negatively affect the sale of ornamental tuberose. Commercial cultivation of tuberose occurs worldwide, in countries such as India, China, Bangladesh, Mexico, Kenya, Italy, France, Morocco, the USA (including Hawaii) and South Africa, representing the potential global spread of TuMMoV.
Podosphaera spiraeae (Japanese spiraea powdery mildew).
Authors: Moparthi Swarnalatha , Bradshaw Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Podosphaera spiraeae is a common fungal pathogen for plants in the genus Spiraea. The pathogen is native to Japan but is most likely widespread throughout the temperate world where viable host plants occur. Identification of powdery mildew on Spiraea spp. can be difficult and its occurrence has not been well documented. Wind dispersal of asexual spores, known as conidia, spreads powdery mildew between viable host plants. The most likely long-distance pathway of invasion is through the nursery industry, which commonly trades Spiraea plants. P. spiraeae can be detrimental to nursery growers as it is unsightly, reduces photosynthesis and flower vigour and causes premature leaf drop. Primary control of the pathogenic fungus requires intricate integrated pest management regimes.
Spectral-angular patterns and energy threshold for linear-to-nonlinear femtosecond laser pulse focusing in air
Authors: Geints Y E , Ionin A A , Mokrousova D V , Pushkarev D V , Rizaev G E , Seleznev L V , Zemlyanov A A , Geints I Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Focused propagation of a high-power ultrashort laser pulse is strongly influenced by optical medium nonlinearity that can significantly affect pulse parameters in the focusing region as compared to the linear focusing regime. We present the results of our experimental study and numerical simulations of frequency-angular patterns and laser plasma distribution of a gigawatt-power femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser pulse propagating in air under various focusing conditions. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, we found experimentally and confirm theoretically the range of pulse numerical aperture (NA), from approximately NA = 2 ⋅ 10−3 to 5 ⋅ 10−3, when both frequency and angular spectra broadening during supercritical laser pulse focusing in air is minimal. We attribute this NA-range to the transition region between quasilinear and nonlinear pulse focusing regimes. Additionally, the energy threshold for different pulse focusing regimes in the wide range of focusing conditions is obtained for the first time through the numerical simulations. This threshold is demonstrated to decrease with pulse NA increase.
Evaluating establishment of conservation practices in the Conservation Reserve Program across the central and western United States
Authors: Vandever Mark W , Carter Sarah K , Assal Timothy J , Elgersma Kenneth , Wen Ai , Welty Justin L , Arkle Robert S , Iovanna Rich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is one of the largest private lands conservation programs in the United States, establishing perennial vegetation on environmentally sensitive lands formerly in agricultural production. Over its 35 year existence, the CRP has evolved to include diverse conservation practices (CPs) while concomitantly meeting its core goals of reducing soil erosion, improving water quality, and providing wildlife habitat. Ongoing threats to grasslands and decreased CRP acreage highlighted the need for a national evaluation of the effectiveness in providing the program’s intended benefits. To address this need, we conducted edge-of-field surveys of erosional features, vegetation, and soil cover on 1 786 fields across 10 CPs and 14 central and western states from 2016 to 2018. We grouped practices into three types (grassland, wetland, and wildlife) and states into six regions for analysis. Across practice types, ⩾99% of fields had no evidence of rills, gullies, or pedestaling from erosion, and 91% of fields had <20% bare soil cover, with region being the strongest predictor of bare soil cover. Seventy-nine percent of fields had ⩾50% grass cover, with cover differing by practice type and region. Native grass species were present on more fields in wildlife and wetland practices compared to grassland practices. Forb cover >50% and native forb presence occurred most frequently in wildlife practices, with region being the strongest driver of differences. Federally listed noxious grass and forb species occurred on 23% and 61% of fields, respectively, but tended to constitute a small portion of cover in the field. Estimates from edge-of-field surveys and in-field validation sampling were strongly correlated, demonstrating the utility of the edge-of-field surveys. Our results provide the first national-level assessment of CRP establishment in three decades, confirming that enrolled wildlife and wetland practices often have diverse perennial vegetation cover and very few erosional features.
Evolution of H-O isotopes from fracturing flowback fluids for shale gas wells: A case study in Chongqing, China
Authors: Zhang Haijie , Xu Guiwen , Luo Yuanping , Chen Weiming , Xu Chunbi , Xiao Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the fracturing flowback fluids from 3 wells in the Longmaxi Formation in Dazu area of western Chongqing, China provides insights into the source of the flowback fluids. We use the valued of δ2H and δ18O, combined with concentrations of ions to discuss the changing rule of H and O isotopes throughout the flowback period. The values of δ2H and δ18O for Z2 and Z5 wells show different changing trends. But he values of δ2H and δ18O for Z2 and Z5 wells have similar changing trends. There is no obvious correlation between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes for 3 wells. The fracturing fluids, formation brines, meteoric water, and water-rock reaction can change the H and O isotopes for flowback fluids from shale gas wells.
Energy efficiency evaluation of consumer based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method
Authors: Han Shaoyu , Xu Pengcheng , Li Yan , Ji Shuang , Han Dongxu , Yang Le 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of lack of complete evaluation index system and low evaluation accuracy, a consumer energy efficiency evaluation method based on fuzzy comprehensive fuzzy evaluation is proposed. Firstly, establish a consumer energy efficiency index system. Then the weight of the index is determined by the combination of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. Finally, the energy efficiency of consumer is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Through the analysis of experimental examples, it is verified that the proposed method can evaluate the level of electricity energy efficiency accurately, and improve the residential electricity efficiency effectively.
Preparation of Graphene Oxide-Molecular Sieve Composite Adsorbent and its Adsorption Performance for Heavy Metals in Water
Authors: Xiuling Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Graphene has inherent physical and chemical properties, but there are few reactive sites on the surface of graphene, and its use is limited. In the field of water treatment, especially in the adsorption treatment of heavy metals, it has shown great advantages and good development prospects. Dye wastewater is one of the more difficult industrial wastewaters to treat. Among various processes for removing dye wastewater, adsorption technology is considered to be the most promising method of water purification due to its fast, efficient, and low energy consumption characteristics. Molecular sieves have the characteristics of good adsorption selectivity, stable structure, easy regeneration, low price, and environmental protection. They are widely used as adsorbents. However, the adsorption efficiency of a single molecular sieve on organics is also low. In recent years, molecular sieve composite adsorption materials have begun to enter our field of vision. Hydrothermal treatment technology simply and quickly prepared composite materials with different graphene oxide content through chemical action, and studied the synergistic effect between the two composites on the adsorption performance of pollutants.
The optimal scheme of summer maize in Shandong under the control of water and fertilizer
Authors: Xing Hanbing , Cong Xin , Pang Guibin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to explore a set of summer corn water and fertilizer management scheme suitable for Shandong region. The effects of dry matter, yield and fertilizer partial productivity management of summer maize under different irrigation amount (69.5 mm,120.5mm, recorded as W1, W2), different nitrogen application (143,190,235 kg/hm 2, recorded as N1, N2, N3) and phosphorus (65, 95, 115 as P1, P2, P3) on yield were significant (0.05), among which the comprehensive score of W2N2P2 was much higher than that of other treatments. According to the above analysis, the W2N2P2 treatment can be used as the best water and fertilizer ratio in this study area.