bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of introduction pathways on the spread and geographical distribution of alien species: Implications for preventive management in mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: Riera Marc , Pino Joan , Melero Yolanda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo test whether alien species with contrasting introduction pathways differ in range size, geographical distribution and their relationship with environmental variables.LocationCatalonia (NE Spain).MethodsWe obtained records of 869 alien species from the Catalan alien species database at the 10‐km UTM cell scale. For each species, we assigned its introduction pathways and minimum residence time (MRT). We then analysed species' range sizes in relation to their pathways and taxonomic group while accounting for MRT through linear models. We identified hotspots of alien species richness across pathways through local Gi* statistics, and we analysed their spatial congruence. We assessed the environmental drivers of alien species richness across pathways, by means of ordination methods.ResultsRange size was mostly equivalent among pathways, with species that escape or spread unaided reaching smaller range size than species introduced with contaminated commodities. Among taxonomic groups, range was smaller for terrestrial invertebrates compared to plants. The spatial pattern of hotspots of alien species richness showed low congruence across pathways. Proxies that pool the effect of colonization and propagule pressure were the main drivers increasing alien species richness across pathways (except for the unaided pathway).Main conclusionsDifferences among pathways can be related to a lack of human aid (unaided and contaminant pathways) and to trait selection (escape and contaminant pathways), while differences among taxonomic groups (terrestrial invertebrates and plants) may be related to dispersal capacity. The remaining pathways and taxonomic groups were similar in range size, suggesting shared underlying factors. Invasion risk from different human socio‐economic activities is spread over our study area rather than concentrated in unique high‐risk areas This can be the foundation for a prevention scheme that monitors areas susceptible to invasion for the different pathways.
Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss
Authors: Adame Maria F. , Connolly Rod M. , Turschwell Mischa P. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Fatoyinbo Temilola , Lagomasino David , Goldberg Liza A. , Holdorf Jordan , Friess Daniel A. , Sasmito Sigit D. , Sanderman Jonathan , Sievers Michael , Buelow Christina , Kauffman J. Boone , Bryan‐Brown Dale , Brown Christopher J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMangroves have among the highest carbon densities of any tropical forest. These ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems can store large amounts of carbon for long periods, and their protection reduces greenhouse gas emissions and supports climate change mitigation. Incorporating mangroves into Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and their valuation on carbon markets requires predicting how the management of different land‐uses can prevent future greenhouse gas emissions and increase CO2 sequestration. We integrated comprehensive global datasets for carbon stocks, mangrove distribution, deforestation rates, and land‐use change drivers into a predictive model of mangrove carbon emissions. We project emissions and foregone soil carbon sequestration potential under ‘business as usual’ rates of mangrove loss. Emissions from mangrove loss could reach 2391 Tg CO2 eq by the end of the century, or 3392 Tg CO2 eq when considering foregone soil carbon sequestration. The highest emissions were predicted in southeast and south Asia (West Coral Triangle, Sunda Shelf, and the Bay of Bengal) due to conversion to aquaculture or agriculture, followed by the Caribbean (Tropical Northwest Atlantic) due to clearing and erosion, and the Andaman coast (West Myanmar) and north Brazil due to erosion. Together, these six regions accounted for 90% of the total potential CO2 eq future emissions. Mangrove loss has been slowing, and global emissions could be more than halved if reduced loss rates remain in the future. Notably, the location of global emission hotspots was consistent with every dataset used to calculate deforestation rates or with alternative assumptions about carbon storage and emissions. Our results indicate the regions in need of policy actions to address emissions arising from mangrove loss and the drivers that could be managed to prevent them.
Potential prescribing omissions of anti‐osteoporosis drugs is associated with rehabilitation outcomes after fragility fracture: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shibasaki Koji , Asahi Toshiomi , Kuribayashi Mari , Tajima Yuriko , Marubayashi Miki , Iwama Risa , Akishita Masahiro , Ogawa Sumito 
Published: March 2021

AimWe investigated the association between rehabilitation outcomes and polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions in older adults with fragility fractures.MethodsIn total, we registered 217 older adults with fragility fractures (hip or vertebral) retrospectively and examined the association between rehabilitation outcome and polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions. Polypharmacy was defined as five or more drugs. Potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions were defined by the Beers criteria (2015) and the screening tool to alert to treatment criteria version 2, respectively. The outcome was functional independence measure gain (functional independence measure at discharge – functional independence measure at admission).ResultsMultiple regression analyses revealed no association between functional independence measure gain and polypharmacy (crude: β = 0.058, P = 0.858; adjusted model: β = 0.013, P = 0.869) or potentially inappropriate medications (crude: β = 0.100, P = 0.144; adjusted model: β = 0.084, P = 0.260). However, there was a significant association between functional independence measure gain and potential prescribing omissions (crude: β = 0.167, P = 0.014; adjusted model: β = 0.180, P = 0.016). Participants without potential prescribing omissions (in other words, participants who were prescribed anti‐osteoporosis drugs) had a greater functional independence measure gain than participants with potential prescribing omissions (in other words, those that were not prescribed anti‐osteoporosis drugs).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that participants without potential prescribing omissions had significantly improved rehabilitation outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 386–391.
Psychological flexibility is associated with less diabetes distress and lower glycated haemoglobin in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nicholas Jennifer A. , Yeap Bu B. , Cross Donna , Burkhardt Melanie S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes distress, self‐efficacy and health literacy are associated with diabetes self‐management and health outcomes. Measures of coping styles and their impact on diabetes self‐management and diabetes‐related distress might add value in identifying those at risk of poorer health outcomes. Current evidence of associations between psychological flexibility/inflexibility and diabetes‐related health outcomes is limited.AimsTo measure associations of psychological flexibility, self‐efficacy and health literacy with diabetes distress and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in adults with type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe surveyed 105 adults with type 1 diabetes attending a tertiary diabetes outpatient clinic (mean age 27 ± 7.1 years; 53% men; duration of diabetes 12.6 ± 8.5 years; HbA1c 72 ± 22 mmol/mol, 8.7 ± 2.0%; 34% using insulin pumps). We assessed psychological flexibility, self‐efficacy, health literacy and diabetes distress. Regression models explored the relative contributions of different factors to diabetes distress and HbA1c.ResultsThe majority of health literacy scores were in the low‐risk range. Those with greater psychological flexibility had higher self‐efficacy (r = 0.34; P < 0.01) and reported less diabetes distress (r = −0.54; P < 0.001). In multiple regression analyses, psychological flexibility and self‐efficacy accounted for 36% of the variance in distress score (P < 0.001). Shorter duration of diabetes (P < 0.001) and greater psychological flexibility (P < 0.01) correlated with lower HbA1c. A 10‐point (one standard deviation) higher psychological flexibility score corresponded to a 0.5% lower HbA1c.ConclusionsGreater psychological flexibility was associated with less diabetes distress and lower HbA1c. The psychological flexibility construct might inform alternative interventional approaches aiming to improve well‐being and glycaemic control.
Epigenetic regulation of T cell adaptive immunity
Authors: Frias Adolfo B. , Boi Shannon K. , Lan Xin , Youngblood Ben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe conceptualization of adaptive immunity, founded on the observation of immunological memory, has served as the basis for modern vaccination and immunotherapy approaches. This fundamental concept has allowed immunologists to explore mechanisms that enable humoral and cellular lymphocytes to tailor immune response functions to a wide array of environmental insults and remain poised for future pathogenic encounters. Until recently, for T cells it has remained unclear how memory differentiation acquires and sustains a gene expression program that grants a cell with a capacity for a heightened recall response. Recent investigations into this critical question have identified epigenetic programs as a causal molecular mechanism governing T cell subset specification and immunological memory. Here, we outline the studies that have illustrated this concept and posit on how insights into T cell adaptive immunity can be applied to improve upon existing immunotherapies.
Bupivacaine infiltration for acute postoperative pain management after cardiac surgery
Authors: Luque Oliveros Manuel , Morilla Romero de la Osa Rubén 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite increased attention, acute and persistent post‐operative pain are not treated efficiently and interventions against acute pain are therefore of clinical importance and should be welcomed.Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of wound infiltration with 0.5% bupivacaine for pain management in the immediate post‐operative period in patients that underwent cardiac surgery with sternotomy.DesignThe study was performed employing a single‐centre nonrandomized experimental design to evaluate a prospective cohort of patients recruited from June to December of 2017.MethodsA single‐centre study with a non‐randomized experimental design compared the pain perceived by 137 patients undergoing to cardiac surgery within which 68 patients who received infiltration of bupivacaine and 69 patients received infiltration with saline solution. Pain measures were made with the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Socio‐demographic and clinical variables were included too and descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found between the means of the NRS scores in favour of the intervention group. Cohen's d showed a significant effect size. NRS scores were grouped into NRS ≥4 or NRS <4 and similar results were found. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the absence of confounding factors that could call results into question.ConclusionSubcutaneous infiltration of 0.5% bupivacaine in the surgical site of patients who have undergone cardiac surgery showed clinically and statistically significant pain relief compared with patients who received saline infiltration throughout the first 12 hours after surgery. This intervention provides promising preliminary results that, alone or in conjunction with other nursing interventions, could constitute an important therapeutic tool for this area of nursing clinical practice.
Gasdynamic Flow Control by Ultrafast Local Heating in a Strongly Nonequilibrium Pulsed Plasma
Authors: Starikovskiy A. Yu. , Aleksandrov N. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract—
The paper presents a review of modern works on gasdynamic flow control using a highly nonequilibrium pulsed plasma. The main attention is paid to the effects based on ultrafast (on the nanosecond time scale for atmospheric pressure) local gas heating, since, at present, the main successes in controlling high-speed flows by means of gas discharges are associated with this thermal mechanism. Attention is paid to the physical mechanisms responsible for the interaction of the discharge with gas flows. The first part of the review outlines the most popular approaches for pulsed energy deposition in plasma aerodynamics: nanosecond surface barrier discharges, pulsed spark discharges, and femto- and nanosecond optical discharges. The mechanisms of ultrafast heating of air at high electric fields realized in these discharges, as well as during the decay of the discharge plasma, are analyzed separately. The second part of the review gives numerous examples of plasma-assisted control of gasdynamic flows. It considers control of the configuration of shock waves in front of a supersonic object, control of its trajectory, control of quasi-stationary separated flows and layers, control of a laminar–turbulent transition, and control of static and dynamic separation of the boundary layer at high angles of attack, as well as issues of the operation of plasma actuators in different weather conditions and the use of plasma for the de-icing of a flying object.
Abstract IA006: Metastasis initiating cells and ecosystems
Authors: Massagué Joan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from primary tumors to distant organs, in the main cause of cancer death. Metastasis is initiated and sustained by a subset of cancer cells with stem-like and immune evasive properties, called metastasis initiating cells (MICs). We are investigating the mechanisms underlying the emergence and selection of MICs within primary tumors, and their microenvironment interactions during metastasis formation and resistance to therapy. Our recent progress suggests that MICs in carcinomas result from the adoption of a normal regenerative progenitor phenotype by malignant cells, a phenotype with intrinsic programs to survive the stresses of the metastatic process, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, enter a slow-cycling state for dormancy, evade immune surveillance, establish profitable interactions with organ-specific niches, and co-opt systemic factors to establish metastatic growth and recurrence after therapy. Our current work on lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer MICs is providing insights into the emergence and regenerative phenotype of these cells and their mechanisms of brain colonization and avoidance of immune surveillance. An improved understanding of the molecular detereminant of MIC phenotypes and their host ecosystems could yield therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes.
Citation Format: Joan Massagué. Metastasis initiating cells and ecosystems [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA006.
Oncogenic KIT Modulates Type I IFN–Mediated Antitumor Immunity in GIST
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Etherington Mark S. , Hanna Andrew , Medina Benjamin D. , Vitiello Gerardo A. , Bowler Timothy G. , Param Nesteene J. , Levin Lillian , Rossi Ferdinand , DeMatteo Ronald P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Type I IFNs are implicated in tumor immunogenicity and response to systemic therapy, but their interaction with oncogene signaling is not well understood. Here, we studied oncogenic KIT, which drives gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), the most common sarcoma. Using mouse models of GIST, we found that KIT inhibition reduced type I IFN production and signaling, which downregulated tumor MHC class I expression. Absence of type I IFN signaling increased tumor size, in part due to CD8+ T-cell impairment. Oncogenic KIT was required for GIST type I IFN signal transduction via STAT1. In human GIST cell lines and surgical specimens, type I IFN signaling contributed to human lymphocyte antigen class I expression and correlated with tumor immunogenicity. Augmenting the type I IFN response partially compensated for the immunosuppressive effects of KIT inhibition. Thus, KIT signaling contributes to type I IFN signaling, whereas KIT inhibition attenuates tumor immunogenicity and is partly rescued by innate immune stimulation.
See related Spotlight on p. 489
Fueling the Revolution: Targeting Metabolism to Enhance Immunotherapy
Authors: Leone Robert D. , Powell Jonathan D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe success of immune-checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies has established the remarkable capacity of the immune system to fight cancer. Over the past several years, it has become clear that immune cell responses to cancer are critically dependent upon metabolic programs that are specific to both immune cell type and function. Metabolic features of cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment impose constraints on immune cell metabolism that can favor immunosuppressive phenotypes and block antitumor responses. Advances in both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that metabolic interventions can dramatically enhance the efficacy of immune-based therapies for cancer. As such, understanding the metabolic requirements of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the limitations imposed therein, can have significant benefits for informing both current practice and future research in cancer immunotherapy.
Primary Results of the EVOLVE Short DAPT Study
Authors: Kirtane Ajay J. , Stoler Robert , Feldman Robert , Neumann Franz-Josef , Boutis Loukas , Tahirkheli Naeem , Toelg Ralph , Othman Islam , Stein Bernardo , Choi James W. , Windecker Stephan , Yeh Robert W. , Dauerman Harold L. , Price Matthew J. , Underwood Paul , Allocco Dominic , Meredith Ian , Kereiakes Dean J. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with increased bleeding, despite a reduced incidence of ischemic events. The SYNERGY everolimus-eluting stent is a thin-strut platinum-chromium stent that elutes everolimus from a thin abluminal layer of bioabsorbable polymer. These design elements may facilitate rapid endothelialization and enable shorter-duration DAPT.

Methods:

EVOLVE Short DAPT prospectively evaluated the safety of 3-month DAPT in high bleeding risk patients treated with the SYNERGY everolimus-eluting stent, enrolling 2009 patients at 110 global sites. Patients with acute myocardial infarction or complex lesions were excluded. After percutaneous coronary intervention, patients were required to take DAPT (aspirin+P2Y
12
inhibitor) for 3 months, except those on chronic anticoagulation in whom aspirin was optional. Patients free of events (stroke, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stent thrombosis) who discontinued P2Y
12
inhibitor at 3 months, but continued aspirin, and had at least 1 year of follow-up or an end point event were included in the primary analysis. Two powered coprimary end points were (1) death/myocardial infarction compared with a historical control and (2) study stent-related definite/probable stent thrombosis compared to a performance goal.

Results:

The analysis population consisted of 1487 patients. The adjusted rate of death/myocardial infarction between 3 and 15 months was 5.6% among patients receiving 3-month DAPT versus 5.7% patients in the 12-month DAPT control (propensity adjusted difference=−0.12%; 97.5% upper bound=1.63% which was less than the prespecified margin of 2.52;
P
non-inferiority
=0.0016). The rate of study stent-related stent thrombosis between 3-15 months was 0.2% in the 3-month DAPT group (97.5% upper bound=0.63%;
P
=0.0005 for comparison to 1% performance goal).

Conclusions:

Favorable rates of ischemic outcomes were observed among selected high bleeding risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with the SYNERGY everolimus-eluting stent who tolerated 3 months of P2Y
12
inhibitor and then discontinued it, supporting the safety of abbreviated DAPT with this stent platform.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02605447.
The Rose of Muḥammad, the Fragrance of Christ: Liminal Poetics in Medieval Anatolia
Authors: Pifer Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although scent has played a diminished role in modern Western societies, it communicated a wide array of meanings to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in medieval Anatolia. This study examines the ubiquitous presence of fragrance in Persian and Armenian poetry, particularly in the works of Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (d. 1273), his son Sulṭān Walad (d. 1312), and Kostandin Erznkatsʿi (fl. late thirteenth–early fourteenth cen.), a Christian Armenian poet of Erzincan. For these and other poets, olfaction served as a rich heuristic for sensing the divine essence in many contexts: in everyday customs, such as washing with rose water or the preparation of sherbet; in devotional practices, such as burning incense or receiving communion; and finally in the instruction of poetry itself.
The Views of Younger- and Older-Generation Chinese Descendants in Indonesia Regarding the Selection of Auspicious Dates
Authors: Ying Yi , Garcia Fiona , Novianti Zefanya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The research in this report is a first effort at understanding the differences among Chinese descendants in Indonesia concerning their views on the tradition of selecting an auspicious date. The study is based on interviews with twenty people of the older and twenty people of the younger generation of Chinese descent in Glodok Chinatown in Jakarta. The interviews reveal that the dominant factor that influences the views of the older generation is their life’s experience with this tradition, whereas for the younger generation the existence of the tradition within the family is dominant. The dominant factor that causes respondents to not believe in this tradition is their religious belief. The study also reveals that a lack of understanding of the background and history of selecting auspicious dates in the Chinese community is a major cause for the older as well as the younger generation to be reluctant to transmit this tradition to the next generation.