bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subregions of DLPFC display graded yet distinct structural and functional connectivity
Authors: Jung JeYoung , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , Jackson Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, approximately corresponding to Brodmann areas 9 and 46) has demonstrable roles in diverse executive functions such as working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, inhibition, and abstract reasoning. However, it remains unclear whether this is the result of one functionally homogeneous region or whether there are functional subdivisions within the DLPFC. Here, we divided the DLPFC into seven areas along with rostral-caudal and dorsal-ventral axes anatomically and explored their respective patterns of structural and functional connectivity.In vivoprobabilistic tractography and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were employed to map out the patterns of connectivity from each DLPFC subregions. Structural connectivity demonstrated graded intra-regional connectivity within the DLPFC. The patterns of structural connectivity between the DLPFC subregions and other cortical areas revealed that he dorsal-rostral subregions was restricted to connect to other frontal and limbic areas, whereas the ventral-caudal region was widely connected to frontal, temporal, parietal, and limbic cortex. Functional connectivity analysis demonstrated that subregions of DLPFC were strongly interconnected to each other. The dorsal subregions were associated with the default mode network (DMN), while middle dorsal-rostral subregions were linked with the multiple demand network (MDN), respectively. Similar to the results of structural connectivity, the ventral-caudal subregion showed increased functional coupling with both DMN and MDN. Our results suggest that DLPFC may be subdivided by the diagonal axis of the dorsal-ventral axis and rostral-caudal axis, which support the patterns of connectivity the parts of the DLPFC reflects its integrative executive function.
Protective efficacy of rhesus adenovirus COVID-19 vaccines against mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tostanoski Lisa H. , Gralinski Lisa E. , Martinez David R. , Schaefer Alexandra , Mahrokhian Shant H. , Li Zhenfeng , Nampanya Felix , Wan Huahua , Yu Jingyou , Chang Aiquan , Liu Jinyan , McMahan Katherine , Dinnon Kenneth H. , Leist Sarah R. , Baric Ralph S. , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe global COVID-19 pandemic has sparked intense interest in the rapid development of vaccines as well as animal models to evaluate vaccine candidates and to define immune correlates of protection. We recently reported a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus strain (MA10) with the potential to infect wild-type laboratory mice, driving high levels of viral replication in respiratory tract tissues as well as severe clinical and respiratory symptoms, aspects of COVID-19 disease in humans that are important to capture in model systems. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of novel rhesus adenovirus serotype 52 (RhAd52) vaccines against MA10 challenge in mice. Baseline seroprevalence is lower for rhesus adenovirus vectors than for human or chimpanzee adenovirus vectors, making these vectors attractive candidates for vaccine development. We observed that RhAd52 vaccines elicited robust binding and neutralizing antibody titers, which inversely correlated with viral replication after challenge. These data support the development of RhAd52 vaccines and the use of the MA10 challenge virus to screen novel vaccine candidates and to study the immunologic mechanisms that underscore protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in wild-type mice.ImportanceWe have developed a series of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using rhesus adenovirus serotype 52 (RhAd52) vectors, which exhibits a lower seroprevalence than human and chimpanzee vectors, supporting their development as novel vaccine vectors or as an alternative Ad vector for boosting. We sought to test these vaccines using a recently reported mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) virus to i) evaluate the protective efficacy of RhAd52 vaccines and ii) further characterize this mouse-adapted challenge model and probe immune correlates of protection. We demonstrate RhAd52 vaccines elicit robust SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses and protect against clinical disease and viral replication in the lungs. Further, binding and neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy. These data validate the MA10 mouse model as a useful tool to screen and study novel vaccine candidates, as well as the development of RhAd52 vaccines for COVID-19.
statSuma: automated selection and performance of statistical comparisons for microbiome studies
Authors: Leigh R.J. , Murphy R.A. , Walsh F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a reproducibility crisis in scientific studies. Some of these crises arise from incorrect application of statistical tests to data that follow inappropriate distributions, have inconsistent equivariance, or have very small sample sizes. As determining which test is most appropriate for all data in a multicategorical study (such as comparing taxa between sites in microbiome studies), we present statsSuma, an interactive Python notebook (which can be run from any desktop computer using the Google Colaboratory web service) and does not require a user to have any programming experience. This software assesses underlying data structures in a given dataset to advise what pairwise or listwise statistical procedure would be best suited for all data. As some users may be interested in further mining specific trends, statSuma performs 5 different two-tailed pairwise tests (Student’s t-test, Welch’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Brunner-Munzel test, and a pairwise Kruskal-Wallis H-test) and advises the best test for each comparison. This software also advises whether ANOVA or a multicategorical Kruskal-Wallis H-test is most appropriate for a given dataset and performs both procedures. A data distribution-vs-Gaussian distribution plot is produced for each taxon at each site and a variance plot between all combinations of 2 taxa at each site are produced so Gaussian tests and variance tests can be visually confirmed alongside associated statistical determinants.
Protein turnover in the developing Triticum aestivum grain
Authors: Cao Hui , Duncan Owen , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProtein abundance in cereal grains is determined by the relative rates of protein synthesis and protein degradation during grain development. Through combining in vivo stable isotope labelling and in-depth quantitative proteomics, we have measured the turnover of 1400 different types of proteins during wheat grain development. We demonstrate that there is a spatiotemporal pattern to protein turnover rates which explain part of the variation in protein abundances that is not attributable to differences in wheat gene expression. We show that approximately 20% of total grain ATP production is used for grain proteome biogenesis and maintenance, and nearly half of this budget is invested exclusively in storage protein synthesis. We calculate that 25% of newly synthesized storage proteins are turned over during grain development rather than stored. This approach to measure protein turnover rates at proteome scale reveals how different functional categories of grain proteins accumulate, calculates the costs of protein turnover during wheat grain development and identifies the most and the least stable proteins in the developing wheat grain.
The effect of audit committee quality on the conventional and Islamic banks' financial performance between subprime and Corona crises
Authors: Haddad Achraf , El Ammari Anis , Bouri Abdelfattah 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to test empirically the differences between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of impacts of the audit committees' quality on financial performance between Subprime and Corona crises.Design/methodology/approachThe variables are articulated in four hypotheses tested by the GLS analysis. The data were collected via DATASTREAM and from banks' annual reports. The collected data covered four continents: America, Asia, Africa and Europe. The financial performance measures and audit committee's determinants of the conventional and Islamic banks concerned 112 banks of each type after the Subprime crisis and before the Corona crisis (2010–2019).FindingsResults showed that the audit committee reduced the profitability of two bank types. Moreover, it harmed the conventional banks' efficiency, but reported an unclear effect within Islamic banks. Even so, the authors noticed that the audit committee had a positive impact for the conventional banks' liquidity, while the same effect was apparently ambiguous on the Islamic banks' liquidity. For solvency, the audit committee positively influenced conventional banks, while it affected that of Islamic banks.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirically, the authors’ results can serve as a reference for decision-makers allowing to clarify the data on the financial competitiveness of two bank types to facilitate the planning of strategic performance programs based on the audit committee quality. Theoretically, researchers found that the differences between the results are due to the audit committee quality of each bank type or to the financial performance evaluation method. However, there are further factors that are related to the research peculiarities, the methodology, the data and the interpretation.Originality/valueBased on the comparative literature review between conventional and Islamic banks, this study is the first conditional and comparative research between the audit committee quality and the financial performance of conventional and Islamic banks in a specific period (after Subprime and before Corona crises).
Whose international experience matters more? Decision-makers with international experience in Chinese family firms
Authors: Hao Jie , Xie Zhenzhen , Sun Kunpeng 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine if the international experience of a family firm’s chairman, second-generation managers and other top managers all have impacts of different strengths using information about Chinese family firms’ international expansion.Design/methodology/approachMatching tactics and dynamic Heckman 2-stage analysis were applied to data on 766 publicly-listed Chinese family businesses covering 2008–2014.FindingsThe international experience of the chairman, second-generation family managers and other senior managers all were found to correlate with the proportion of a firm’s revenue earned abroad, as well as with the number of its cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The impact of a chairman’s international experience is stronger than the impact of the other two groups when internationalization is measured in terms of the proportion of revenue earned overseas. The second-generation managers’ international experience is the most influential when internationalization is measured in terms of the number of cross-border mergers and acquisitions.Originality/valueThis paper bridges agency theory with upper echelons theory in the context of the family business. The findings contribute to the scholarly understanding of family business by illuminating the mechanisms through which second-generation managers may influence family firms’ internationalization. They also enrich the knowledge of family firms in China.
The epidemic burden on prisons in Lombardy (Italy) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: the transmission and measures of prevention in detention facilities
Authors: Giuliani Ruggero , Mazzilli Sara , Sebastiani Teresa , Cocca Giorgia , Bortolotti Raffaella , Cairone Cristina , Scardina Giuditta , Arzilli Guglielmo , Tavoschi Lara , Ranieri Roberto 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Early on in the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific community highlighted a potential risk of epidemics occurring inside prisons. Consequently, specific operational guidelines were promptly released, and containment measures were quickly implemented in prisons. This paper aims to describe the spread of COVID-19 in detention facilities within the Lombardy region of Italy during March to July 2020, and the impact of the prevention and control measures implemented.

Design/methodology/approach
A descriptive retrospective analysis of case distribution was performed for all COVID-19 cases identified among people in detention (PiD) and prison officers (POs). A comparison of the epidemic burden affecting different populations and a correlation analysis between the number of cases that occurred and prevention measures implemented were also carried out.

Findings
From this study, it emerged that POs were at a high risk of contracting COVID-19. This study observed a delay in the occurrence of cases among PiD and substantial heterogeneity in the size of outbreaks across different prisons. Correlation between reported cases among PiD and registered sick leave taken by POs suggested the latter contributed to introducing the infection into prison settings. Finally, number of cases among PiD inversely correlated with the capacity of each prison to identify and set up dedicated areas for medical isolation.

Originality/value
Prevention and control measures when adopted in a timely manner were effective in protecting PiD. According to the findings, POs are a population at high risk for acquiring and transmitting COVID-19 and should be prioritized for testing, active case finding and vaccination. This study highlights the critical importance of including prison settings within emergency preparedness plans.
Exploring the precipitators of violent conflict in Central Nigeria: a mixed methodology approach
Authors: Ojewale Oluwole 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the mutually reinforcing drivers of violent conflict in rural and urban communities in Central Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative research methodology through multi-stage sampling technique. This involved the purposive selection of Benue and Plateau States in Central Nigeria. The combination of household data collection and Geographic Information System led to the identification of 2,772, 117, 2,668 and 106 grids in Jos, Barkin Ladi, Makurdi and Gbajimba, respectively. This proportion constituted the clusters where household heads were chosen for questionnaire administration. Furthermore, a total of ten in-depth interviews were conducted.

Findings
The prominent precipitators of violent conflicts were: rise of criminal groups and criminal activities, hate speech, state’s inability to protect most citizens against violent crime, political intimidation by ruling party, over militarization of the public space. Others are rising population pressure, proliferation of small arms and light weapons and ban of open grazing.

Research limitations/implications
This study could be strengthened if broadened to include communities with different socioeconomic realities. Hence, the view presented in this paper may not be considered generalizable to other parts of the country with different cultural settings.

Originality/value
The methodology offers a reliable alternative to combine sampling approaches for household surveys that can help address problems occasioned by the lack of census data.
Detecting the probability of financial fraud due to earnings manipulation in companies listed in Athens Stock Exchange Market
Authors: Maniatis Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to detect whether there are companies listed in the general index of Athens Stock Exchange Market that possibly conduct earnings manipulation during 2017–2018.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based upon the Beneish model (M-score), which consists of eight variables to examine the probability of financial statement fraud related to earnings manipulation for 40 companies listed in the Athens Stock Exchange Market. Any company with an M-score −2.22 or above is likely to be a manipulator whereas any company that scores −2.22 or less is unlikely to conduct earnings manipulation.

Findings
After calculating the M-score for each company, it was found that 33 (out of 40) companies had M-score values lower than −2.22. Therefore, 82.5% of the sample is considered rather unlikely to conduct earnings manipulation whereas 17.5% of the companies listed in the general index of Athens Stock Exchange Market is likely to manipulate its earnings.

Research limitations/implications
In this paper, all institutions related to financial services were left out of the sample because of the fact that M-score cannot provide reliable results when applied on similar companies.

Originality/value
Beneish model offers a probability of financial fraud and can be therefore used as a supplementary test for auditors, fraud examiners or even national regulators such as the Hellenic Accounting and Auditing Standards Oversight Board or the Hellenic Capital Market Commission. The results of this paper can contribute to the literature concerning financial fraud in Greece during 2017–2018 because no relevant recent researches have been published yet.
Reputation and cost benefits for attitude and adoption intention among potential customers using theory of planned behavior: an empirical evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Maryam Sayeda Zeenat , Ahmad Ashfaq , Aslam Nauman , Farooq Sadia 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of attitude and adoption intention of Islamic banking among the potential customers in Pakistan. The conceptual framework is investigating the influence of salient beliefs (consisting of personal factors and external factors) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) construct, i.e. attitude and social influence on Islamic banking adoption intentions.Design/methodology/approachTo realize the objective of the research, 500 questionnaires were distributed among the potential customers of Islamic banking in Pakistan. A purposive sampling technique was used; 375 questionnaires were returned, whereas only 300 were used for analysis. To test the model, structural equation modeling was conducted by using an algorithm and bootstrapping techniques, and the most important factor is identified through the importance performance map analysis model.FindingsThe findings of the research revealed that the attitude has immense importance. It is a strong determinant of Islamic banking adoption intention among potential customers. Second, it is fully mediating the relation of cost benefits, reputation and support for business and the adoption intentions of Islamic banking. However, attitude is partially mediating the relation of religious obligations, social influence and the criterion variable.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is articulating literature by incorporating external and personal factors along with TPB’s constructs, i.e. attitude and social influence and tested the attitude as an intervening variable to explain the relation with adoption intention of Islamic banking. The unfolding results spring up a broad spectrum to policymakers and practitioners of Islamic banking by suggesting the push and pull strategies.Originality/valueNumerous studies conducted to find the influencing factors of adoption intention of Islamic banking, but this research is identifying the determinant of attitude along with adoption intentions. This research is contributing to the existing research by taking reputation (brand image), cost benefits and government support along with religiosity, which is an important factor but is ignored in previous research. Theoretically, this research is contributing to the TPB by giving a scenario of salient beliefs along with attitude and social influence because beliefs play an important role in building the adoption intention of the subject.
Are overqualified individuals hiding knowledge: the mediating role of negative emotion state
Authors: Ma Bei , Zhang Jing 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Despite manager’s investments in facilitating knowledge sharing, such as hiring employees with lots of knowledge, knowledge hiding remains prevalent in organizations. It may stem from that less attention has been paid to the relationship between perceived overqualification and knowledge hiding. Drawing on emotion theory, this study aims to build a mediation framework to examine effects of perceived overqualification on knowledge hiding via negative emotion state and moderating role of team positive affective tone.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a two-wave survey study among 398 knowledge workers from 106 teams in knowledge-intensive industries and tests the hypotheses by performing a series of hierarchical linear modeling analyzes.

Findings
The results show that a negative emotion state mediates the U-shaped relationship between employees’ perceived overqualification and knowledge hiding behavior. Team positive affective tone moderates the U-shaped relationship between negative emotions and employees’ knowledge hiding behavior.

Originality/value
This study extends current knowledge management literature by introducing perceived overqualification as an individual predictor of employees’ knowledge hiding behavior and revealing the both light and dark sides of perceived overqualification on knowledge hiding, as well as its intervening mechanism. The research findings help practitioners to curb such counterproductive behaviors.
Modelling the financial intermediation function of banks and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Yakubu Ibrahim Nandom , Abdallah Iliasu 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial intermediation functions of banks on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs data from 11 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1970–2016. Using broad money supply, bank credit to the private sector and bank deposits as financial intermediation measures, the authors apply the random effects (RE) technique based on the recommendation of the Breusch–Pagan test.FindingsThe results show that except for bank deposits, broad money supply and bank credit to the private sector significantly influence economic growth. While broad money has a negative relationship with growth, bank credit to the private sector and bank deposits are positively correlated with economic growth.Originality/valueThe relationship between financial intermediation and economic growth remains unsettled, as results vary across countries. Besides, in developing countries' perspective, extant studies are largely focused on individual countries to investigate the financial intermediation-growth nexus. In this study, the authors take a different direction by employing a panel approach and thus adding to the few cross-country studies on the subject matter. Also, unlike other studies that have focused on a single indicator of financial intermediation, this study uses three indicators of financial intermediation which broadly reflect the intermediation functions of banks.