bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Low Birth Weight Deliveries: an Unmatched Case-control Study in Five Referral Hospitals in Western Area Urban District, Sierra Leone
Authors: Kargbo David Kabba , Nyarko Kofi , Sackey Samuel , Addo-Lartey Adolphina , Kenu Ernest , Anto Francis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Each year, about 20 million deliveries are Low Birth Weight (LBW) with 96.5% occurring in developing countries. The prevalence of LBW in Sierra Leone is about 7% while the Western Area Urban (WAU) district reports 17.5%. This study sought to determine factors associated with LBW deliveries in five referral hospitals in the WAU district, Sierra Leone.Methods: A hospital-based unmatched 1:2 case-control study was conducted among mothers who delivered live singleton babies from November, 2019 to February, 2020 in five referral facilities. Antenatal care cards of mothers were reviewed and a pre-tested questionnaire also administered to them. The association between maternal socio-demographic, socio-economic, obstetric and lifestyle factors and LBW was assessed using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 438 mothers (146 cases and 292 controls), mean age: 24.2 (±5.8) and 26.1 (±5.5) years for cases and controls respectively participated in the study. Among mothers, 36.9 % (162/438) had no formal education, 25.8% (113/438) were unemployed and 29.7% (130/438) were unmarried. Multivariable analysis revealed that being unemployed (AoR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.16 - 5.49, p = 0.020), having anaemia during pregnancy (AoR = 3.88, 95% CI 1.90-7.90, p < 0.001), having less than two years inter-pregnancy interval (AoR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.11-5.73, p = 0.026), and smoking cigarettes during pregnancy (AoR = 4.36, 95% CI 1.94-9.80, p <0.001) were significantly associated with having LBW babies.Conclusion: Factors associated with LBW identified were unemployment, anaemia during pregnancy, < 2 years inter-pregnancy interval and cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Health care providers should screen and sensitize mothers on the risk factors of LBW during antenatal sessions.
Risk Factors of Empyema in Children in Suzhou, China
Authors: Li Li-jun , Gu Wen-jing , Wu Yin-yin , Chen Zheng-rong , Ji Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Respiratory tract infection is the most common disease in children, and pneumonia is the main disease. Pleural effusion is a common complication of pneumonia. Data show that up to 57% of hospitalized pneumonia patients have pleural effusion[1]. The parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) was divided into three categories: uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (uppe), complex parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPPE) and parapneumonic empyema (PE)[2].Empyema is a kind of respiratory tract infectious disease with dangerous condition, rapid development and high mortality. Improper treatment can also develop into chronic empyema, and severe complications such as bronchopleural fistula, lung abscess and heart failure may occur. Therefore, timely identification of empyema, active and effective treatment and necessary invasive operation are very important to slow down the disease and reduce the mortality rate.Methods To analyzed the data of children with parapneumonic pleural effusion who were hospitalized in respiratory department of our hospital from January 2010 to December 2018. According to the results of pleural effusion, according to the light classification standard, they were divided into uncomplex parapneumonic effusion (UPPE group) and empyema group (PE group),Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of empyema in children, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn.Results A total of 63 children were included in the study, including 20 cases in UPPE group and 43 cases in PE group. Univariate analysis showed that children in PE group were younger than those in UPPE group [2.8 (1.1,5.83) vs. 6.54 (2.94,9.0), P < 0.05], clinical manifestations were more prone to shortness of breath (60.46% vs. 8.961, P < 0.05), wheezing (32.55% vs. 5%, P < 0.05), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in laboratory examination was higher [114.76 (54.19160.94) vs. 49.79 (23.68, 84.48), P < 0.05];In cellular immunity, CD3 + was lower (55.31 ± 14.15 vs. 65.76 ± 11.43, P < 0.05), CD3 + CD4 + was lower (27.32 ± 9.58 vs. 34.77 ± 7.99, P < 0.05), CD3-CD19 + was higher (31.61 ± 13.24 vs. 21.98 ± 9.63, P < 0.05), and more susceptible to bacterial infection (44.18% vs. 10%, P < 0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that shortness of breath (or = 5.099,95% CI: 1.309-19.866) and elevated CRP (or = 1.013,95% CI: 1.001-1.026) were independent risk factors for empyema. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of logistic regression model was 0.707 and 0.716, respectively, with moderate diagnostic accuracy.Conclusions The children with parapneumonic pleural effusion with shortness of breath and CRP > 89.41mg/l should be aware of empyema.
Differences in the Associations Between Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors with Dietary Patterns in Mexican Men and Women.
Authors: Solís Cecilia Isabel Oviedo , Hernández-Alcaraz César , Sánchez-Ortíz Néstor Alonso , López-Olmedo Nancy , Jáuregui Alejandra , Barquera Simón 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background. Diet is one of the leading risk factors for developing non-communicable diseases and is related to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including sex. We aimed to investigate the associated factors of dietary patterns among adults living in Mexico City by sex. Methods. We used data from a city-wide representative survey conducted between May and June 2015 in Mexico City (n=1,142). Self-reported information about sociodemographic and lifestyle variables was collected. Dietary information was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were constructed by cluster analysis. We used sex-specific multivariable multinomial logistic models to assess the association of demographic and lifestyle factors with dietary patterns using. Results. Three dietary patterns were identified: basic, prudent and fast food. Among men and women, higher school attainment was associated with a lower relative probability of having a basic rather than prudent dietary pattern (women: RRR= 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8, 0.9; men: RRR= 0.8, 95% CI:0.7, 0.9). Compared to single men, divorced or separated men (RRR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.2) and those living with a partner (RRR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.0) had a higher relative probability of consuming a fast food dietary pattern than the prudent one. Men living with a partner (RRR=3.0, 95% CI:1.1, 8.6) or working long shifts (RRR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.1) had a higher probability of consuming a basic pattern rather than a prudent one compared to peers. Conclusion. Differences by sex in the associations between sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns may be due to gender roles. Public policies and programs should consider the gender perspective to accomplish positive results in both men and women.
The Coordination and Jumps along C4 Photosynthesis Evolution in the Genus Flaveria
Authors: Lyu Amy , Gowik Udo , Kelly Steve , Covshoff Sarah , Clayton Harmony , Hibberd Julian , Sage Rowan , Ludwig Martha , Gane Gane , Westhoff Peter , Zhu Xin-Guang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C4 photosynthesis is a remarkable complex trait, elucidations of the evolutionary trajectory of C4 photosynthesis from its ancestral C3 pathway can help us better understand the generic principles of the evolution of complex trait and guide the engineering of C3 crops for higher yields. Here, we used the genus Flaveria that contains C3, C3-C4, C4-like and C4 species as a system to study the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. We first mapped transcript abundance, protein sequence, and morphological features to the phylogenetic tree of the genus Flaveria, and calculated the evolutionary correlation of different features; we then predicted the relative changes of ancestral nodes of those features to illustrate the key stages during the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. We found that gene expression and protein sequence showed consistent modification pattern along the phylogenetic tree. High correlation coefficients ranging from 0.46 to 0.9 among gene expression, protein sequence and morphology were observed, and the greatest modification of those different features consistently occurred at the transition between C3-C4 species and C4-like species. Our results show highly coordinated changes in gene expression, protein sequence and morphological features, which support an obviously evolutionary jump during the evolution of C4 metabolism.
Increased Mucosal IL-12 Expression is Associated with Relapse of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Takagi Tomohisa , Mizushima Katsura , Kajiwara-Kubota Mariko , Kashiwagi Saori , Toyokawa Yuki , Tanaka Makoto , Hotta Yuma , Kamada Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Takeshi , Konishi Hideyuki , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Naito Yuji , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The role of IL-12/23 in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unclear. We analyzed mucosal IL-12/23 expression and its relationship with endoscopic severity, histological activity, and UC relapse.Methods: Rectal biopsies were collected from 70 UC patients with clinical remission. IL-12, IL-23, IFN-g, IL-17A, and IL-17F mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR. Endoscopic severity and histological activity were evaluated using the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) and the Geboes score, respectively. Results: The longest follow-up period was 51 months. Thirty-four patients relapsed during the study period. Samples from these subsequently relapsed patients formed the “relapse” group, while those from patients that did not relapse formed the “remission” group. IL-12 (P=0.0003) and IL-23 (P=0.014) mRNA expression was significantly higher in the relapse than the remission group. Expression of IL-23 (P=0.015) but not IL-12 (P=0.374) was correlated with MES. However, in patients with an MES of 0 and 1, IL-12 expression was statistically higher in the relapse than the remission group (P=0.0015, P=0.0342). IL-12 and IL-23 expression did not vary significantly between histologically active and inactive mucosa; both were higher in histologically inactive patients in the remission group (IL-12: P=0.0002, IL-23: P=0.046).Conclusions: Rectal IL-12 and IL-23 expression was elevated in the relapse group, but IL-12 was more strongly associated with UC relapse, irrespective of endoscopic severity and histological activity. Mucosal IL-12 was elevated in patients with deep mucosal healing. Our results suggest an important role of IL-12 in UC pathogenesis and the molecular mechanism of UC relapse.
Application of the Health Action Process Approach Model for Improving Excessive Internet use Behaviors Among Rural Adolescents in China: A School-Based Intervention Pilot Study
Authors: Tang Chengmeng , Raat Hein , Yan Mingxia , Zhang Qiang , Li Kehan , Jiang Min , Tang Wanjie , Chen Jiayi , Zhao Ying , Liu Qiaolan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: There are few studies regarding Internet use behaviors of Chinese rural adolescents based on behavioral theory. The aim of this study is to examine the applicability and effectiveness of the health action process approach model (HAPA) in the intervention of excessive Internet use behaviors among rural adolescents in China.Methods: 327 participants who met the excessive Internet use criteria were involved in this study. Four interventions based on the HAPA model were conducted during 2015-2017. The structural equation model (SEM) was applied to fit the HAPA model.Results: The rate of average daily time spent online on weekends more than four hours dropped from 57.2% to 39.1% (P<0.001). The rate of daily game time more than two hours decreased from 51.1% to 35.2% (P<0.001). The result of SEM showed that both the applicability and effectiveness of the HAPA model were well in the intervention of excessive Internet use behaviors with good fitted indicators (χ2/df＝2.066，GFI＝0.889，CFI＝0.938，TLI＝0.928，IFI＝0.938，RMSEA＝0.057).The direct and indirect effects of the main pathways in HAPA model were statistically significant (P <0.05). The comparison analysis of HAPA model variables identified that outcome expectancy, intention, maintenance self-efficacy had been improved significantly after interventions.Conclusion: The intervention measures based on the HAPA model can effectively improve excessive Internet use behaviors of Chinese rural adolescents, mainly through strengthen outcome expectancy, intention, and maintenance self-efficacy.
Neurodevelopment in Relation to Breastfeeding - Experiences Among Hungarian Preterm Infants at 12 Months of Corrected Age: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Szele Anna Szabina , Nagy Beáta Erika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPreterm and low birth weight infants are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Breastfeeding offers several beneficial aspects for them both physically and psychologically. This study aimed to describe the average neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants and examine the associations between neurodevelopment and breastfeeding among Hungarian preterm infants at 12 months of corrected age.MethodsOne hundred fifty-four preterm infants with low birth weight (< 2500 g) and gestational age < 37 weeks and their mothers living in Hungary were participated in this cross-sectional examination. Bayley-III Screening Test (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Screening Test, Third Edition) was administered to measure cognitive, language, and motor skills of infants. Breastfeeding data was obtained through parental anamnesis. To analyze data Mann-Whitney tests and Spearmen's rank correlation test were used to.ResultsConcerning risk of developmental delay, receptive and expressive language and fine motor subscales were the lowest. Examination of the duration of breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental performance identified higher neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants who were breastfed, significantly higher cognitive (U = 2047.5, p = 0.023) and fine motor (U = 2096.0, p = 0.037) skills were found. We identified significant positive correlations between the duration of breastfeeding and cognitive, expressive language and fine motor skills.ConclusionsBreastfed infants had better cognitive and fine motor skills at 12 months of corrected age, but we cannot unambiguously conclude that the duration of breastfeeding had a sole positive effect on the neurodevelopment at 12 months of corrected age. With the Bayley-III Screening Test we could identify the most affected skills in terms of risk for developmental delay, which are needed to improve.
Inhibition of Switch-on Fluorescence of Fluorochrome on Loading TiO2 with Gold
Authors: K.I Dhanalekshmi , Jiang Chengchen , K Jayamoorthy , P Magesan , Ujam Oguejiofo T. , Zhang Xiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Gold loaded TiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized by powder XRD, HR-TEM, and EDX analysis. The binding interaction of fluorescent sensor 5-amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (fluorochrome) with TiO2 and gold loaded TiO2 nanoparticles has been discussed herein. The interaction of fluorochrome with TiO2 and gold loaded TiO2 nanoparticles has been studied by UV-visible, fluorescence, and FT-IR spectral techniques. The fluorescence emission occurs at 421 nm and this has been selectively enhanced by TiO2 nano semiconductor. This technique is sensitive to detect and estimate TiO2 nano semiconductor at a micromolar level. This switch-on fluorescence is suppressed when it is loaded with gold. The strong adsorption of fluorochrome over the surface of nano semiconductor results in the electron transfer between fluorochrome and nano semiconductor. Further, the binding site of nano semiconductor with fluorochrome has been studied theoretically by using the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). The results show higher electron density at the azomethine nitrogen atom.
Theileria equi claudin like apicomplexan microneme protein contains neutralization-sensitive epitopes and interacts with components of the equine erythrocyte membrane skeleton
Authors: Onzere Cynthia , Fry Lindsay , Bishop Richard , Silva Marta , Bastos Reginaldo , Knowles Donald , Suarez Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Theileria equi (T. equi) is a widely distributed apicomplexan parasite that causes severe hemolytic anemia in equid species. There is currently no effective vaccine for control of the parasite and understanding the mechanism that T. equi utilizes to invade host cells may be crucial for vaccine development. Unlike most apicomplexan species studied to date, the role of micronemes in T. equi invasion of host cells is unknown. We therefore assessed the role of the T. equi claudin-like apicomplexan microneme protein (CLAMP) in the invasion of equine erythrocytes as a first step towards understanding the role of this organelle in the parasite. Our findings show that CLAMP is expressed in the merozoite and intra-erythrocytic developmental stages of T. equi and in vitro neutralization experiments suggest that the protein is involved in erythrocyte invasion. Proteomic analyses indicate that CLAMP interacts with the equine erythrocyte α-and β- spectrin chains in the initial stages of T. equi invasion and maintains these interactions while also associating with the anion-exchange protein, tropomyosin 3, band 4.1 and cytoplasmic actin 1 after invasion. Additionally, serological analyses show that T. equi-infected horses mount robust antibody responses against CLAMP indicating that the protein is immunogenic and therefore represents a potential vaccine candidate.
Energy Budget and Carbon Footprint in Ridge–Furrow With Plastic Film Mulch Strategy Under a Wheat–Maize System in Dry Semi–Humid Areas
Authors: Li Changjiang , Li Shuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The well–irrigated planting strategy (WI) consumes a large amount of energy and exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions, endangering the sustainable agricultural production. This work aims to estimate the economic benefit, energy budget and carbon footprint of a wheat–maize double cropping system under conventional rain–fed flat planting (control), ridge–furrows with plastic film mulching on the ridge (RP), and the WI in dry semi-humid areas of China. Significantly higher wheat and maize grain yields and net returns were achieved under RP than those under the control, while a visible reduction was only found for wheat grain yields when compared with the WI. The ratio of benefit: cost under RP was also higher by 10.5% than that under the control in the first rotation cycle, but did not differ with those under WI. The net energy output and carbon output followed the same trends with net returns, but the RP had the largest energy use efficiency, energy productivity carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability among treatments. Therefore, the ridge-furrow planting with plastic film mulch over the ridge was an effective substitution for well–irrigated planting strategy for achieving sustained agricultural development in dry semi-humid areas.
The association between bone mineral density and postoperative drainage volume following primary total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Peerakul Yuthasak , Leeyaphan Jirapong , Rojjananukulpong Karn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients who undergo a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is related to unfavorable outcomes following TKA such as migration of uncemented tibia components. Postoperative blood loss in TKA is an important complication. Non-modifying predicting factors for postoperative blood loss in primary TKA patients need further elucidation. Studies on the association between BMD and blood loss after TKA are limited. We aimed to demonstrate the relationship between BMD and postoperative drainage volume following primary TKA.
Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2014 and August 2020. A total of 119 primary varus osteoarthritis knees with BMD results were included in the study. Patients with secondary causes for osteoporosis were excluded.
Result

The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosed by the lowest T-score among two sites (hip and lumbar spine) were 55.5% and 28.6%, respectively. The median postoperative drainage volume of participants in the normal total hip BMD group and the normal trochanter BMD group was higher than that of patients in the low total hip BMD group and the low trochanter BMD group (285.0 ml vs. 230.0 ml, P = 0.003; 282.5 ml vs. 240.0 ml, P = 0.013, respectively). Multivariate regression analyses showed that operative time, spinal anesthesia, and normal total hip BMD status were significant predictive factors associated with increased postoperative drainage volume (P = 0.014, 0.022, 0.013, respectively). No association was identified between the lumbar spine BMD status and postoperative drainage volume.
Conclusion

The relationship between BMD and postoperative blood loss in primary TKA was identified in this study. Normal total hip BMD was found to be associated with an increased postoperative drainage volume after primary TKA compared with low BMD.
Oxygen Extraction Ratio to Identify Patients at Increased Risk of Intradialytic Hypotension.
Authors: Rotondi Silverio , Tartaglione Lida , De Martini Natalia , Bagordo Domenico , Caissutti Sara , Pasquali Marzia , Muci Maria Luisa , Mazzaferro Sandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a hemodynamic phenomenon recently associated with decreased blood oxygen saturation (SO2). The ratio between arterial SO2 (SaO2) and central venous SO2 (ScvO2) or Oxygen Extraction Ratio (OER), which represents a roughly estimate of the amount of oxygen claimed by peripheral tissues, might be used to estimate haemodialysis (HD) related hypoxic stress. Aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the relationship between OER increments during dialysis sessions (ΔOER) and episodes of IDH. Methods. We enrolled chronic HD patients with permanent central venous catheter (CVC) and no fistula, in whom ScvO2 measurement is at hand. OER ([(SaO2−ScvO2)/SaO2]×100) was measured in three consecutive HD sessions (HD OER sessions) before HD, after 15’, 30’ and 60’ minutes and at the end of HD. Then, a one-year follow-up was planned to record the number of IDH episodes. Results. In the 28 enrolled patients (age 74±2.6 years), during 12±1.2 months of follow up, incidence of IDH was 3.6%. We divided patients into two groups, above or below the median value of ΔOER at the end of HD, which was 36%. In these groups, the average incidence of IDH was 7% and 2% respectively (p<0.01), while OER values before HD were not different. Notably, in the high ΔOER group the OER increment was evident since after 15’ and was significantly higher than in the low ∆OER group (∆OER-15’ = 19±3.0% vs. 9.0±3.0%; p<0.05). By comparison, blood volume changes overlapped in the two groups (average change -9±0.8%). Conclusion. Values of ∆OER >19% after only 15’ of HD treatment or >36% at the end of the session characterize patients with higher rates of hypotension. Intradialytic ∆OER, a parameter of tissue hypoxic stress, identifies more fragile patients at greater risk of IDH.