bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women with Vaginitis and the Correlation with Vaginitis
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhu Hui , Zhao Yongxin , Wang Yanyan , Pan Wenjie , Zhang Tiehan , Yang Xiuzhen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer in women and vaginitis may affect HPV infection. In order to determine the characteristics as well as the relationship between HPV Infection and vaginitis, we retrospectively collected and analyzed the data from our hospital.Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 1330 women who underwent twenty-three HPV DNA quantitative measurement and vaginal microecology examination at the same visit from May 2019 to April 2020 in our hospital.Results: The vaginal discharge infection rate was 37.67% in all cases. The total HPV infection rate in women with vaginitis was 39.60% and HPV58, 52, and 16 had the higher prevalence among 23 HPV types, with infection rates of 10.34%, 6.32% and 6.11% respectively. Single-type infection (77.26%) was more common than multiple-type infection (32%).There appeared the same trend in HPV positive cases and vaginitis, reaching the peak in women aged 31–40 years. Among four types of vaginitis, the HPV infection rates were 45.83%, 40.54%, 37.04% and 30.43% in patients with trichomonas vaginitis(TV) , vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC), intermediate bacterial vaginitis(IBV)and bacterial vaginitis(BV),respectively. Only26.17% women were infected with HPV in patients with normal vaginal micrabiota. Significant differences were found in HPV infection rate between normal vaginal micrabiota group and different vaginitis (P<0.05). There was a correlation between HPV infection and vaginitis(χ2=31.966,P<0.05；r=0.114, P<0.05).Furthermore, patients with BV showed a higher correlation with HPV infection when compared with other groups (r=0.537, P<0.05).Conclusions: This retrospective study demonstrated that HPV58, 52, and 16 are the most common infection subtypes. Our data provide valuable information for HPV-based screening and prevention strategies for women in vaginitis. The single HPV infection was still very common. There was a correlation between HPV infection and vaginitis and patients with BV showed a higher correlation with HPV infection.
An Integrated Approach for Displacement Prediction of Landslides Based on the Data Mining and VMD-FOA-BPNN Model
Authors: Miao Fasheng , Xie Xiaoxu , Wu Yiping , Li Linwei , Zhan Weiwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Landslide prediction is important for mitigating geohazards but is very challenging. The fluctuation of reservoir water level and rainfall are the main external triggering factors controlling the deformation of riverine landslides. In this paper, the Baishuihe landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which has a typical “step-like” behavior, is taken as the study case, and an integrated approach for landslide displacement prediction combining data mining and Variational Mode Decomposition, Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm, Back Propagation Neural Network (VMD-FOA-BPNN) is proposed. Nine triggering factors including the reservoir level and rainfall are extracted. First, triggering factors and monthly velocity of the landslide are clustered into several categories by Two-step Clustering (TSC). Then, Apriori algorithm is used to mine the association rules between triggering factors and monthly velocity, and comprehensive contribution of each factor is calculated based on the data mining results. Next, the displacement of monitoring point ZG93 and triggering factors are decomposed by VMD based on the time series analysis of the landslide. Last, the trend term displacement is trained and predicted by the subsection functions, and FOA-BPNN models are used to train and predict the periodic and random term. The prediction results show that, compared with the current popular prediction models, the proposed model can effectively improve the prediction accuracy, which has high practicability and application value in the study of landslide displacement prediction.
Valuation of Variable Long-term Care Annuities with Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal and Limited Hospitalization Coverage Benefits and Two Investment Funds
Authors: Moosavi Sara , Payandeh Amir T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Population aging on the one hand and increasing of expenditures for medical services via technology development on the other hand have created some problems for the insurance industry and have converted it into one of the most risky areas. Thus, it is obvious that designing the innovative product is one of the most basic needs in the field of health insurance. This study proposes a new variable annuity product that includes the benefits of guaranteed lifelong withdrawal benefit option, long-term care coverage and limited hospitalization coverage. This innovative product has been evaluated under two investment funds. A Monte Carlo algorithm has been employed to calculate the fair value of the product and numerical study has been conducted to illustrate the capability of this product. The innovative product may provide a more comprehensive solution for the aging problem of the population that is challenging in the current societies.
Demonstration of Tunable Fano Resonances In A Meta-Material Absorber Composed of Asymmetric Double Bars With Bent Arms
Authors: Mashkour Aliakbar , Koochaki Amangaldi , Ziabari Ali Abdolahzadeh , Naeimi Azadeh Sadat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) plasmonic absorber consisting of asymmetric double bars with bent arms located on top of a silica layer coated on a metal film is proposed, and its resonant features are analyzed. The suggested structure supports both Fano and dipole perfect absorption resonances at the Near-Infrared Region (NIR). The asymmetry introduced into the structure can be induced by changing the bending angle or rotation angle of one of the antennas while the other one remains fixed. Simulation results demonstrate that by applying both asymmetry factors to the structure, one can have two individual Fano peaks at the same time. It is shown that the magnitude, central wavelength and line-width of the Fano peaks are adjustable by controlling the geometrical parameters of the structure. It is also indicated that, the quality factor (Q-factor) of the Fano resonance is inversely related to the degree of asymmetry introduced into the structure. According to the simulations, an ultra-narrow resonance peak with a bandwidth of 1.87 nm at the wavelength of 710 nm (corresponding to a Q-factor of 387) can be obtained by controlling the geometrical parameters. It is also discussed that, the absorptivity of Fano and the dipole peaks can be adjusted inversely, by manipulating the grapheme chemical potential. The ratio of the absorptivity to the chemical potential of graphene about-275 %/eV and 226 %/eV is calculated for the Fano peak and dipole peak, respectively. Accordingly, the presented structure is an adjustable NIR absorber with a fully tunable absorption spectrum which can be utilized in various applications from tunable reflectors and photo-detectors to ultra-narrowband and broadband optical modulators.
Identifying Domestic Violence (DV) and sexual assault (SA) presentations and referral pathways at John Hunter Hospital Emergency Department: comparative analysis of DV and SA cases
Authors: Ghafournia Nafiseh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: There are a number of negative and often long-term mental and physical health consequences of Domestic violence (DV) and Sexual assault (SA). Women experiencing DV and SA visit their health care professional more frequently than women not experiencing these abuses. Health care professionals in any health care settings can play crucial roles in identifying, managing and preventing DV and SA. In particular, those who work in emergency departments (EDs) are in a unique position to identify patients and initiate early interventions as they are often the first point of contact to access help. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional study. Data was extracted from the site ED electronic information system (ipm) for all eligible females (alleged assault) who presented within the study period. Statistical analyses were programmed using SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA). All data were checked for completeness and discrepancies before analysis. Descriptive statistics are reported for all relevant variables. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to determine the adequacy of fit between the final model and the data. Results: Study findings indicate the high level of mental health issues among women presenting with both DV and SA. More than half of the victims had recurrent presentations to ED. The majority of victims were referred to the related support services within hospital or external services. Most of injuries in the sample were sever physical injuries. Conclusions: As the first point of contact, ED health professionals have a crucial role to identify and respond to SA and DV cases. If identified early, the recurrent admissions can be prevented and any early intervention can have a positive benefit for the longer-term health of the DV and SA victims. It can also save health care system spending. The development of a DV/SA flowchart for identification of these cases in ED as well as a clear referral pathway and ideally mandatory DV routine screening at EDs in all hospitals would be some practical strategies for achieving early intervention. Keywords: Domestic Violence, Sexual assault, Emergency Department, Domestic Violence screening, recurrent presentations
Hybrid Necrosis of Wheat: Systematic Genetic Analysis, Fine Mapping, Distribution and Evolution in China
Authors: Zhang Min , Lv Shikai , Wang Yanzhen , Wang Siwen , Chen Chunhuan , Wang Changyou , Wang Yajuan , Zhang Hong , Ji Wanquan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hybrid necrosis of wheat is caused by two incompatible natural alleles Ne1 and Ne2 residing in normal phenotype parents. It was regarded as a barrier of gene flow between crop species. However, the necrosis alleles were still frequent in modern wheat varieties. Here, we constructed two high-density genetic maps of Ne1 and Ne2 in winter wheat. Of which, Ne1 locus was located in a span interval of 0.50 centimorgan (cM) on chromosome 5BL delimited by markers Nwu_5B_4137 and Nwu_5B_5114, while Ne2 co-segregated with markers Lseq102 and TC67744 on 2BS. Genetic allelic tests confirmed that the Ne1 allele in N9134 is different from that in Spcia and TA4152-60, while Ne2 allele in Zhoumai 22 (ZH22), Manitou, WL711 and Pan555 are also varied. The statistics substantiated that the dosage effect of Ne alleles also existed in moderate and severe hybrid-necrosis system, and the necrotic symptom may also be affected by genetic background. Furthermore, we clarified the discrete distribution and proportion of the Ne1 and Ne2 in China's major wheat regions, and concluded that introduced modern cultivars directly affect the frequencies of necrosis genes in modern Chinese cultivars (lines), especially that of Ne2. Taking investigation in spring wheat together, we proposed that hybrid necrotic alleles could positively affect breeding owing to their linked excellent genes. Additionally, based on the pedigree, we speculated the Ne1 and Ne2 in winter wheat may directly originate from wild emmer and rye, respectively. Overall, this study makes an important step toward better understanding hybrid necrosis in wheat.
Biological Pretreatment of Corn Stover for Enhancing Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using Thermoalkalotolerant Cellulolytic Enzymes Produced by Bacillus sp. P3
Authors: Wu Yanwen , Guo Haipeng , Rahman Md. Shafiqur , Chen Xuantong , Zhang Jinchi , Liu Yun , Qin Wensheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The biological pretreatment for the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomasses largely depends on an effective pretreatment process. A significant enhancement of enzymatic saccharification was obtained with corn stover using Bacillus sp. P3. The hemicellulose removal from corn stover by the strain Bacillus sp. P3 was evaluated for enhancing subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, our study revealed that an alkaline resistant xylanase produced by Bacillus sp. P3 in fermentation broth led to a substantially enhanced hemicellulose removal rate from corn stover within pH 9.36–9.68. However, after 20 d pretreatment of corn stover by the strain P3, the glucan content was increased by 51% and the xylan content was decreased by 35%. After 72 h of saccharification using 20 U g− 1 of commercial cellulase, the yield of reducing sugar released from 20 d pretreated corn stover was increased by 56% in comparison to the untreated corn stover. Therefore, the use of the strain P3 could be a promising approach to pretreat corn stover for enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis process of industrial bioenergy productions.
Integrative and Comparative Genomic Analysis and the Immune Microenvironment Features of Lung Cancer Patients with Tuberculosis
Authors: Xu Xiaoling , Bao Chaohui , Chen Da , Wang Tianxiang , Wang Changchun , Mao Weimin , Hu Xiao , Yang Yang , Fan Yun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Limited information was known because of the low incidence of co-existence with lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB), it remains special challenging populations for clinical management of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, to investigate the difference on tumour immune microenvironment and genomics between patients with LC alone and LC patients with TB is urgently needed. Methods:Tumour specimens were collected from 87 patients who had LC, with or without TB, at two medical centres. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate PD-L1 expression and CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Whole-exome sequencing was performed using samples from 19 patients with LC&TB and 21 patients with LC. Results:Relative to patients with LC alone, patients with LC&TB had lower PD-L1 expression and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell infiltration (all P< 0.001). A tumour microenvironment with no PD-L1 expression and CD8- T-cell infiltration was most common in the LC&TB patients. Genomic alterations analysis revealed an increased mutation frequency among patients with LC and active TB, obsolete/cured TB, or no TB in terms of the TP53 (23.08% vs. 66.67% vs. 76.19%, P = 0.01), while a decreased trend of the number of single-nucleotide variants/insertions/deletions (P< 0.001), tumour mutation burden (P< 0.001), and number of neoantigens (P< 0.001). Patients with LC&TB had a higher frequency of a specific mutation signature (32.99% vs. 11.23%), as well as potential driver mutations involving the complement C1qB chain (C1QB) mutations. Conclusion: The present study revealed significant differences in the tumour microenvironment and genomic alterations between patients with LC&TB and patients with LC alone.
Clinical and Genetic Determinants of Heart Failure: Optimized by Machine Learning and Mendelian Randomization
Authors: zhen liao li , chong chen zhi , dong li wei , xue liao xin , dong zhuang xiao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Identifying unrecognized, potentially modifiable risk factors is essential for heart failure (HF) management.Methods: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study was used for machine learning (ML) to establish the top 20 important variables as potential risk factors for HF. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed in an explorative manner to find independent factors for HF and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to address causality.Results: Of the 14,842 participants included in the ARIC analysis, 20.4% of participants (3,028) were identified as HF. The 20 variables with the highest importance selected by ML were creatinine, glucose, age, previous coronary artery disease (CAD), systolic blood pressure, fibrinogen, albumin, income, diabetes, magnesium, insulin, white blood cell, hemoglobin, sodium, education, phosphorus, diastolic blood pressure, protein-c, heart rate and body mass index (BMI). Cox regression analysis demonstrated 19 independently associated variables except sodium. MR analysis provided evidence supporting that genetically determined BMI, CAD, diabetes and education was causally associated with HF.Conclusions: The ML plus MR framework was useful in identifying important causal factors of HF. BMI, CAD, diabetes, and education not only served as excellent prognostic factors for HF, but therapeutics targeted at these factors were likely to prevent HF effectively.
Effects of Postnatal Hydrocortisone Treatment on Cytokine Profile in Preterm Infants at Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Tamura Kentaro , Nagaoka Mitsuhide , Inomata Satomi , Kawasaki Yukako , Makimoto Masami , Yoshida Taketoshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Systemic hydrocortisone administration has been widely used in preterm infants who are at a risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the effects of hydrocortisone on cytokine profiles have not been examined. We aimed to investigate the effects of postnatal hydrocortisone treatment on serum cytokine levels in extremely preterm infants at risk for BPD. In 29 extremely preterm infants (born at less than 28 weeks of gestational age), we obtained serum from blood samples collected during an early phase (5–20 days) and a late phase (28‒60 days) after birth. We measured the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factors α and β, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6), T-helper (Th) 1 cytokines (interferon-γ, IL-2, and IL-12p70), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), Th17 cytokine IL-17A, and chemokine IL-8. We found that serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were significantly higher during the early phase than during the late phase (both P = 0.03). Other cytokines concentrations did not change between the phases. Thirteen infants (45%) received systemic hydrocortisone treatment at a median age of 15 days (IQR 10.0–21.5) after birth due to respiratory deterioration, after which the serum IL-6 levels significantly decreased (P = 0.04). Median duration of treatment was 16.0 (IQR 8.0–34.5) days. Conclusion: Extremely preterm infants show high serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the early phase of life. Moreover, postnatal systemic hydrocortisone treatment might suppress IL-6 overproduction.
Client Satisfaction with Quality of Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV Services in The Oti Region Of Ghana: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sam Michael , Manu Emmanuel , Anaman-Torgbor Judith , Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Client satisfaction with the quality of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) services is essential if continual utilisation of the services, leading to reduction in MTCT is to be achieved, especially in rural settings of Africa, including Ghana.Methods: A facility-based descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted, using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from a systematic random sample of 567 pregnant women and postnatal mothers receiving PMTCT services from 44 health facilities. Data were analysed using STATA version 14.0 software. Simple frequency and percentages were used to present data on categorical variables. Chi- square was used to determine association between categorical and outcome variables and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of the associations between categorical and outcome variables at a p- value <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.Results: The overall satisfaction with PMTCT services among respondents was low (42.7%). After adjusting the multivariable logistic regression model for confounders, respondents who resided in urban areas [AOR=2.21(95% CI: 1.37-3.55); p<0.001] and those who experienced no language barrier [AOR=2.86(95% CI: 1.88-4.36); p<0.001] were more likely to be satisfied with PMTCT services respectively. Respondents who received services at health centers [AOR=0.33(95% CI: 0.18-0.60); p<0.001] and hospitals [AOR=0.41(95% CI: 0.23-0.72); p=0.002] and women who spend more than an hour in receiving PMTCT [AOR=0.41(95% CI: 0.21-0.75); p=0.004] and those who said they would not recommend the PMTCT services to others [AOR=0.25(95% CI: 0.22-0.90); p=0.019] were respectively less likely to be satisfied with PMTCT services.Conclusion: Improvement of PMTCT services in the Oti region should take into consideration the quality of services rendered in hospitals and health centres while striving to reduce the waiting time across all facilities to make clients recommend PMTCT services to others.
Comparison of Lumbopelvic Fixation and Iliosacral Screw Fixation for the Treatment of Bilateral Sacral Fractures
Authors: Wenning Katharina E. , Yilmaz Emre , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Hoffmann Martin F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Bilateral sacral fractures result in traumatic disruption of the posterior pelvic ring. Treatment for unstable posterior pelvic ring fractures should aim for fracture reduction and rigid fixation to facilitate early mobilization. Iliosacral screw fixation (ISF) and lumbopelvic fixation (LPF) were recommended for the treatment of these injuries. No algorithm or gold standard exists for surgery of these fractures. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between ISF and LPF in bilateral sacral fractures regarding intraoperative procedures, complications, and postoperative mobilization. The secondary aim was to determine if demographics influence surgical treatment.Methods: Over a 4-year period (2016-2019) 188 consecutive patients with pelvic ring injuries were treated at one academic level-1 trauma center and retrospectively identified. Fractures were classified according to the AO/OTA classification system. 77 patients were treated with LPF or ISF in combination with internal fixation of pubic rami fractures and could be included in this study. Comparisons were made between demographic and perioperative data. Infection, hematoma, and hardware malpositioning were used as complication variables. Mobilization with unrestricted weight-bearing was used as outcome variable. Follow-up was at least 6 months postoperatively.Results: Operative stabilization of bilateral posterior pelvic ring injuries was performed in 77 patients. Thereof, 29 patients (females 59%) underwent LPF whereas 48 patients (females 83%) had bilateral ISF. The ISF group was older (76 yrs.) compared to the LPF group (62 yrs.) (p=0.001), but no differences regarding BMI or comorbidities were detected. Time for surgery was reduced for patients who were treated with ISF compared to lumbopelvic fixation (165 min vs. 73 min; respectively, p<0.001). But this did not result in reduced fluoroscopic time or radiation exposure. Overall complication rate was not different between the groups. Patients with LPF had a greater length of stay (p=0.008) but were all weight-bearing as tolerated when discharged (p<0.001). Conclusion: Bilateral posterior pelvic ring injuries of the sacrum can be sufficiently treated by LPF or ISF. LPF allows immediate weight-bearing which may benefit younger patients and patients with an elevated risk for pneumonia or other pulmonary complications. Treatment with ISF reduces operative time, length of stay and postoperative wound infection. Elderly patients may be better suited for treatment with ISF if there is concern that the patient may not tolerate the increased operative time.