bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychophysiological responses to manual lifting of unknown loads
Authors: Khalaf Tamer M. , Ramadan Mohamed Z. , Ragab Adham E. , Alhaag Mohammed H. , AlSharabi Khalil A. 
Published: February 2021

Background
The handling of unknown weights, which is common in daily routines either at work or during leisure time, is suspected to be highly associated with the incidence of low back pain (LBP).

Objectives
To investigate the effects of knowledge and magnitude of a load (to be lifted) on brain responses, autonomic nervous activity, and trapezius and erector spinae muscle activity.

Methods
A randomized, within-subjects experiment involving manual lifting was conducted, wherein 10 participants lifted three different weights (1.1, 5, and 15 kg) under two conditions: either having or not having prior knowledge of the weight to be lifted.

Results
The results revealed that the lifting of unknown weights caused increased average heart rate and percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) but decreased average inter-beat interval, very-low-frequency power, low-frequency power, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. Regardless of the weight magnitude, lifting of unknown weights was associated with smaller theta activities in the power spectrum density (PSD) of the central region, smaller alpha activities in the PSD of the frontal region, and smaller beta activities in the PSDs of both the frontal and central regions. Moreover, smaller alpha and beta activities in the PSD of the parietal region were associated only with lifting of unknown lightweights.

Conclusions
Uncertainty regarding the weight to be lifted could be considered as a stress-adding variable that may increase the required physical demand to be sustained during manual lifting tasks. The findings of this study stress the importance of eliminating uncertainty associated with handling unknown weights, such as in the cases of handling patients and dispatching luggage. This can be achieved through preliminary self-sensing of the load to be lifted, or the cautious disclosure of the actual weight of manually lifted objects, for example, through clear labeling and/or a coding system.
Retrospective study of late radiation-induced damages after focal radiotherapy for childhood brain tumors
Authors: Cavatorta Claudia , Meroni Silvia , Montin Eros , Oprandi Maria C. , Pecori Emilia , Lecchi Mara , Diletto Barbara , Alessandro Ombretta , Peruzzo Denis , Biassoni Veronica , Schiavello Elisabetta , Bologna Marco , Massimino Maura , Poggi Geraldina , Mainardi Luca , Arrigoni Filippo , Spreafico Filippo , Verderio Paolo , Pignoli Emanuele , Gandola Lorenza 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
To study a robust and reproducible procedure to investigate a relation between focal brain radiotherapy (RT) low doses, neurocognitive impairment and late White Matter and Gray Matter alterations, as shown by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), in children.

Methods and materials
Forty-five patients (23 males and 22 females, median age at RT 6.2 years, median age at evaluations 11.1 years) who had received focal RT for brain tumors were recruited for DTI exams and neurocognitive tests. Patients’ brains were parceled in 116 regions of interest (ROIs) using an available segmented atlas. After the development of an ad hoc, home-made, multimodal and highly deformable registration framework, we collected mean RT doses and DTI metrics values for each ROI. The pattern of association between cognitive scores or domains and dose or DTI values was assessed in each ROI through both considering and excluding ROIs with mean doses higher than 75% of the prescription. Subsequently, a preliminary threshold value of dose discriminating patients with and without neurocognitive impairment was selected for the most relevant associations.

Results
The workflow allowed us to identify 10 ROIs where RT dose and DTI metrics were significantly associated with cognitive tests results (p<0.05). In 5/10 ROIs, RT dose and cognitive tests were associated with p<0.01 and preliminary RT threshold dose values, implying a possible cognitive or neuropsychological damage, were calculated. The analysis of domains showed that the most involved one was the “school-related activities”.

Conclusion
This analysis, despite being conducted on a retrospective cohort of children, shows that the identification of critical brain structures and respective radiation dose thresholds is achievable by combining, with appropriate methodological tools, the large amount of data arising from different sources. This supported the design of a prospective study to gain stronger evidence.
Understanding the impact of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic on hospitalized patients with substance use disorder
Authors: King Caroline , Vega Taylor , Button Dana , Nicolaidis Christina , Gregg Jessica , Englander Honora 
Published: February 2021

Background
The SARS-COV-2 pandemic rapidly shifted dynamics around hospitalization for many communities. This study aimed to evaluate how the pandemic altered the experience of healthcare, acute illness, and care transitions among hospitalized patients with substance use disorder (SUD).

Methods
We performed a qualitative study at an academic medical center in Portland, Oregon, in Spring 2020. We conducted semi-structured interviews, and conducted a thematic analysis, using an inductive approach, at a semantic level.

Results
We enrolled 27 participants, and identified four main themes: 1) shuttered community resources threatened patients’ basic survival adaptations; 2) changes in outpatient care increased reliance on hospitals as safety nets; 3) hospital policy changes made staying in the hospital harder than usual; and, 4) care transitions out of the hospital were highly uncertain.

Discussion
Hospitalized adults with SUD were further marginalized during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Systems must address the needs of marginalized patients in future disruptive events.
Prospective Validation of CD-62L (L-Selectin) as Marker of Durable Response to Infliximab Treatment in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A 5-Year Clinical Follow-up
Authors: Bravo Francisco , Macpherson Jamie A. , Slack Emma , Patuto Nicolas , Cahenzli Julia , McCoy Kathy D. , Macpherson Andrew J. , Juillerat Pascal ,   for the SATICC (Sensitivity to Anti-TNF Inhibition in Crohn's disease and ulcerative Colitis) study group
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The development of biomarkers to guide management of anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an unmet need. We developed an in vitro blood assay to predict patient long-term outcome with the anti-TNFα agent infliximab (IFX).

METHODS:
Patients with IBD were classified according to the shedding of an L-selectin (CD62L) from the surface of their granulocytes in whole blood. CD62L shedding was quantified by flow cytometry before and after drug administration. A clinical data collection from June 2012 to August 2017 with blinded IFX management was aimed at validating the long-term predictive value of this test.

RESULTS:
Among 33 patients with IBD (17 Crohn's disease and 5 ulcerative colitis), 22 were predicted functional responders (PFR) and 11 were predicted as nonresponders (NR) according to the in vitro test. Five years after study initiation, 72% of PFR were still treated with IFX (vs 27% in the NR group; P < 0.05), with a median time spent under IFX of 45 vs 12 months (P = 0.019), respectively. Thirty-five medicosurgical events occurred with a median time to first event of 3 vs 30 months (P = 0.023), respectively. Our assay was the best independent predictor of staying long term on IFX (P = 0.056).

DISCUSSION:
An assay-based in vitro test for functional blockade of TNFα (CD62L shedding) provides an excellent long-term (at 3–5 years) independent predictor of durable use of IFX in patients with IBD. Testing patients could personalize decision making to significantly reduce costs and risk of adverse events and complications.

JOURNAL/cltg/04.03/01720094-202102000-00006/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T213051Z/r/image-tiff
Implications of Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome: A Chinese General Population Study
Authors: Chiyanika Chileka , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Chan Henry Lik-Yuen , Hui Steve C. N. , Yeung David K. W. , Chu Winnie C. W. 
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been found to play a critical role in the development of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) independent of generalized obesity.

METHODS:
In this secondary study of prospectively acquired data, 625 participants underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical shift fat–water separation MRI (2-point Dixon) of the liver and whole abdomen, respectively, in a 3 Tesla magnet. Whole abdominal VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were extracted from the 2-point Dixon image series using an automated method. Clinical/anthropometric/blood biochemistry parameters were measured. Using region-specific body mass index, participants were classified into 3 paired subgroups (lean, overweight, and obese) and presence of NAFLD (liver fat content ≥ 5.5%).

RESULTS:
All relevant clinical/anthropometric/blood biochemistry characteristics and liver enzymes were statistically significant between groups (P < 0.001). NAFLD was found in 12.1%, 43.8%, and 68.3% and metabolic syndrome in 51.1%, 61.9%, and 65% of the lean, overweight, and obese, respectively. Odds ratio for metabolic syndrome and NAFLD was increased by 2.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.18–3.40) and 2.53 (95% CI 2.04–3.12), respectively, for 1SD increase in VAT volume while prevalence of metabolic syndrome was increased by 2.26 (95% CI 1.83–2.79) for 1SD increase in liver fat content (%). VAT/SAT ratio in the lean with fatty liver showed the highest ratio (0.54) among all the subgroups, without a significant difference between the lean and obese with NAFLD (P = 0.127).

DISCUSSION:
Increased VAT volume/disproportional distribution of VAT/SAT may be vital drivers to the development of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD irrespective of body mass index category.
Food Intolerance of Unknown Origin: Caused by Mucosal Inflammation? A Pilot Study
Authors: Dieterich Walburga , Tietz Esther , Kohl Matthias , Konturek Peter C. , Rath Timo , Neurath Markus F. , Zopf Yurdagül 
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The prevalence of patients with food intolerance (FI) has increased significantly. Immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated food allergies (FAs) are detected by determining IgE antibodies and skin prick test. Carbohydrate malabsorptions are clarified with breath tests. However, these diagnostic measures cannot capture all intolerances and have limitations in case of gut-mediated FI. The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate different methods to determine intestinal mucosal IgE in patients with FA and to characterize the intestinal mucosa in patients with FI of unknown origin (FH).

METHODS:
Patients with FA and FH were compared with healthy controls. To determine the IgE antibodies and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ of the intestinal mucosal, a lavage was performed as part of an ileocolonoscopy and samples were taken using the cytobrush and biopsy forceps. In a subgroup, mucosal samples were also taken from the duodenum.

RESULTS:
Data in homogenates of intestinal mucosal samples yielded the highest sensitivity for IgE antibody titers compared with lavage and cytobrush. Patients with FA presented increased intestinal TNF-α and low IFN-γ values. This was in contrast to FH patients, who showed low intestinal IgE antibodies and TNF-α levels, but increased IFN-γ values.

DISCUSSION:
The determination of IgE antibodies to diagnose intestinal IgE-mediated FA is most reliable in intestinal mucosal samples. Increased TNF-α and low IFN-γ levels in patients with FA characterize an allergic reaction. Decreased TNF-α and increased IFN-γ levels in patients with FH indicate an inflammation-related intolerance reaction (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A520).
Wie weiter mit der Kirche? Fünf Theologische Spotlights im Theater der Grundlegung und Handlungsorientierung von Kirche
Authors: Domsgen Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fundamental questions offer the chance to see the familiar in a new light and to examine it in a wider perspective. From five theological perspectives, the paper takes a look at the current challenges facing the church and thus attempts to provide impulses for the self-understanding and action of the church.
Gruppe und Identität. Der »Social Identity Approach« im Gespräch mit theologischer Anthropologie und Ethik
Authors: Schell Maximilian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Against the background of the virulent question of destructive conflict dynamics between groups, the present contribution introduces the social-psychological theory complex of the »Social Identity Approach« (SIA) and discusses it from a theological-anthropological and theological-ethical point of view. While the SIA assumes that social identity, which is important for the concept of self, leads to depersonalization and the devaluation of foreign groups, a Christian understanding of identity could on the one hand protect against overidentification with collective identities and on the other hand, following Bonhoeffer's reflections, remind us that collectives, too, must be understood as actors with an ethical orientation and, as collective persons, must be held responsible in a specific way for processes of social transformation. The church, as an actor in civil society, could play the prototypical role of a reconciling collective.
Between Exegesis and Philosophy: Philosophical Generalisations in cols. XVI, XVII and XIX of the Derveni Papyrus in Light of Interpretative Strategy
Authors: Matusova Ekaterina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
This article re-examines the meaning of P. Derv. XIX 1–4, not only arguing against understanding the phrase in the sense of Anaxagorean philosophy (in particular, in the sense of Anaxagoras A 41 DK, which is a periphrasis of Anaxagoras B 12 DK), but also stressing that the semantics of the verb ἐπικρατέω implies dominion in an absolute, rather than relative sense: it is used to refer to a substance that does not allow dominated substances to be present in the same reality and at the same time. This finding allows us to reinterpret the physical implications of XIX 1–4, to suggest a new syntactical understanding of the second part of the phrase, and to find a sense of analogy between the first and second parts of the sentence. Most importantly, the new interpretation connects the meaning of XIX 1–4 with its immediate and broader context (that is, it explains how the physical ideas it contains relate to the linguistic ones discussed in the rest of the commentary). This also leads to reconsideration of other physical generalisations found in this part of the commentary: the Anaxagorean paradigm that is often taken to be behind these generalisations turns out not to be always tenable, while the basic physical pattern is much closer to monistic systems such as those of Diogenes of Apollonia.
Before the Conatus Doctrine: Spinoza’s Correspondence with Willem van Blijenbergh
Authors: Sangiacomo Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Scholars recognize Spinoza’s conatus doctrine as one of the most important features of the Ethics. In this paper, I investigate two rather neglected aspects of this doctrine, namely, the notion of “transition of perfection” and its moral consequences. I argue that both aspects originate from significant changes in Spinoza’s thought from the positions held in his early writings. To support this claim, I focus on how Spinoza discusses these points in his correspondence with Willem van Blijenbergh (1664–1665). In his letters, Spinoza denies the reality of transitions of perfection, while such transitions will become a key feature of his later account of affects. Moreover, Spinoza subscribes to a kind of ethical intellectualism that he later rejects in his mature version of the Ethics. I conclude that the first draft of the Ethics mentioned in 1665 to van Blijenbergh must have been rather different from its definitive version.
Body Composition and Fitness Profile of Polish Top U15 Male Handball Players: Talent Identification and Selection Model for Sport High Schools
Authors: Wartałowicz Mariusz Hubert , Płusa Jarosław , Przystupińska Anna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wartałowicz, MH, Płusa, J, and Przystupińska, A. Body composition and fitness profile of Polish top U15 male handball players: Talent identification and selection model for sport high schools. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 2011–2017, 2022—The aims of this study were to assess the positional differences in body composition and selected motor abilities of male Polish U15 team handball (TH) players who applied to the Polish Handball Federation (PHF) sport high schools (HS) in 2019 and to compare differences in the tested characteristics between selected and rejected candidates. Ninety male players, born in 2004–2005, were tested in body composition, running speed (20 m), countermovement jump (CMJ), and 2 kg medicine ball overhead throw (MBT). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Anthropometric data revealed significant differences in body height (p = 0.002,

= 0.168), body mass (BM) (p < 0.001,

= 0.367), BM index (BMI) (p < 0.001,

= 0.270), body fat percentage (FAT) (p = 0.003,

= 0.152), and fat-free mass (FFM) (p < 0.001,

= 0.356). Position-specific differences were observed, wherein pivots were the tallest and heaviest, having the highest BMI, FAT, and FFM whereas the wings were the smallest and lightest, with the lowest BMI, FAT, and FFM. Regarding fitness parameters, no significant differences in CMJ or MBT were observed. Backcourt players were faster than pivots on the 20-m sprint (p = 0.029,

= 0.104). Findings did not confirm expected anthropological and fitness differences between rejected vs. accepted candidates to the PHF sport HS. The only significant positional difference noted was that rejected pivots had 28.3% higher FAT levels than accepted. Our data indicate that the training of young TH players should target key functional, position specific, upper-body, and lower-body strength qualities, which enable them to successfully execute challenging game situations.
HbA1c and hypoglycaemia outcomes for people with type 1 diabetes due to the introduction of a single-day structured education programme and flash glucose monitoring
Authors: Garden Gillian , Hunt David W , Mackie Karen , Tuthill Beverly , Griffith Helen , Russell-Jones David L , Herring Roselle 
Published: February 2021

People with type 1 diabetes who met NHS England funding criteria attended an accredited, intensive one-day structured education programme and completed the online FreeStyle Libre Academy training module followed by a 30-minute healthcare professional face-to-face practical training session. HbA1c, Gold hypoglycaemia score and Diabetes Distress Screening score were documented before commencement of the intervention and at 6 months. 213 people with type 1 diabetes (52% men; average age 48 years (range 18–87)) completed the 6-month intervention. Overall mean HbA1c reduced by 6 mmol/mol (0.5%) from 62±14 mmol/mol (7.8%) to 56±12 mmol/mol (7.3%) (p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis of participants with a baseline HbA1c ≥54 mmol/mol (7.1%) revealed a more dramatic reduction of 10 mmol/mol (0.9%) from 69±12 mmol/mol (8.5%) to 59±11 mmol/mol (7.6%). No deterioration was demonstrated for people with HbA1c <54 mmol/mol (7.1%). 143 people (75%) reported a reduction in hypoglycaemia episodes and 162 (85%) reported a reduction in time spent in the hypoglycaemic range. There was significant improvement in the Gold score (p<0.0001) and Diabetes Distress Screening score (p=0.0001). Rates of hospital admissions, paramedic call-outs and third-party assistance were reduced. The combination of a one-day intensive structured education programme alongside flash glucose monitoring initiation provides a pragmatic, cost-effective and easily implemented intervention with positive clinical outcomes at 6 months.
Diagnostic accuracy of routine calcitonin measurement for the detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma in the management of patients with nodular thyroid disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Vardarli Irfan , Weber Manuel , Weidemann Frank , Führer Dagmar , Herrmann Ken , Görges Rainer 
Published: February 2021

Objective
The usefulness of routine calcitonin measurement for early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in patients with nodular thyroid disease (NTD) has been investigated in various studies. Recently, a Cochrane review has been published on this issue, but a meta-analysis is lacking yet. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis.

Methods
We performed an electronic search using PubMed/Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of routine calcitonin measurement for detecting MTC in patients with NDT were selected. Statistics were performed by using Stata software, risk of bias was assessed using Review Manager version 5.3.

Results
Seventeen studies, involving 74,407 patients were included in the study. Meta-analysis, using the bivariate random effects model and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve revealed the following pooled estimates: sensitivity 0.99 (95% CI, 0.81–1.00), specificity 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99), positive likelihood ratio (L+) 72.4 (95% CI, 32.3–162.1), and negative likelihood ratio (L−) 0.01 (95% CI, 0.00–0.23). Meta-regression analysis showed that the threshold of basal calcitonin is an independent factor, but in particular performing stimulation test is not an independent factor.

Conclusions
We showed that routine basal serum calcitonin measurement in the management of patients with thyroid nodules is valuable for the detection of MTC. However, the published cut-off values should be considered and, if applicable, the patients monitored in a wait-and-see strategy by experienced physicians to avoid overtreatment.
Clinical utility of sonographic features in indeterminate pediatric thyroid nodules
Authors: Richman Danielle M , Cherella Christine E , Smith Jessica R , Modi Biren P , Zendejas Benjamin , Frates Mary C , Wassner Ari J 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Surgical resection is recommended for cytologically indeterminate pediatric thyroid nodules due to their intermediate malignancy risk. We evaluated the utility of ultrasound characteristics for refining malignancy risk to inform the management of these nodules.

Design
Retrospective cohort study (2004–2019).

Methods
We analyzed consecutive thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration cytology (Bethesda category III, IV, or V) in pediatric patients (<19 years). We assessed the association of demographic and sonographic characteristics with malignancy risk among all indeterminate nodules and within each Bethesda category.

Results
Eighty-seven cytologically indeterminate nodules were identified in 78 patients. Bethesda category was III in 56 nodules (64%), IV in 12 (14%), and V in 19 (22%). The malignancy rate was 46/87 (53%) overall, and 23/56 (41%), 8/12 (75%), and 15/19 (79%) in Bethesda III, IV, and V nodules, respectively. Malignancy rate was higher in solitary nodules (67% vs 37%, P = 0.004) and nodules with irregular margins (100% vs 44%, P < 0.001) or calcifications (82% vs 43%, P = 0.002). American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) risk level TR5 was associated with a higher rate of malignancy than lower TI-RADS risk levels (80% vs 42%, P = 0.002). Within individual Bethesda categories, TI-RADS risk level was not associated with malignancy. No sonographic feature had a negative predictive value for malignancy greater than 80%.

Conclusions
In pediatric thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology, some sonographic features – including higher ACR TI-RADS risk level – are associated with malignancy, but these associations are unlikely to alter clinical management in most cases.