bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo alterations of mitochondrial activity and amyloidosis in early-stage senescence-accelerated mice: a positron emission tomography study
Authors: Yamagishi Satoru , Iga Yurika , Ikegaya Shunsuke , Kakiuchi Takeharu , Ohba Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Shingo , Fukomoto Daisuke , Kanazawa Masakatsu , Harada Norihiro , Tsukada Hideo , Sato Kohji , Ouchi Yasuomi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
While marked reductions in neural activity and mitochondrial function have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the degree of mitochondrial activity in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early-stage AD remains unexplored. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to examine the direct relationship between mitochondrial activity (18F-BCPP-EF) and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition (11C-PiB) in the same brains of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) mice, an Aβ-developing neuroinflammatory animal model showing accelerated senescence with deterioration in cognitive functioning similar to that in MCI.

Methods
Five- to 25-week-old SAMP10 and control SAMR1 mice, were used in the experiments. PET was used to measure the binding levels (standard uptake value ratios; SUVRs) of [18F]2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-2H-pyridazin-3-one (18F-BCPP-EF) for mitochondrial complex 1 availability, and 11C-PiB for Aβ deposition, in the same animals, and immunohistochemistry for ATPB (an ATP synthase on the mitochondrial inner membrane) was also performed, to determine changes in mitochondrial activity in relation to amyloid burden during the early stage of cognitive impairment.

Results
The SUVR of 18F-BCPP-EF was significantly lower and that of 11C-PiB was higher in the 15-week-old SAMP10 mice than in the control and 5-week-old SAMP10 mice. The two parameters were found to negatively correlate with each other. The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated temporal upregulation of ATPB levels at 15-week-old, but decreased at 25 week-old SAMP10 mice.

Conclusion
The present results provide in vivo evidence of a decrease in mitochondrial energy production and elevated amyloidosis at an early stage in SAMP10 mice. The inverse correlation between these two phenomena suggests a concurrent change in neuronal energy failure by Aβ-induced elevation of neuroinflammatory responses. Comparison of PET data with histological findings suggests that temporal increase of ATPB level may not be neurofunctionally implicated during neuropathological processes, including Aβ pathology, in an animal model of early-phase AD spectrum disorder.
The IRF2/CENP-N/AKT signaling axis promotes proliferation, cell cycling and apoptosis resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by increasing aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Qi Cheng-Lin , Huang Mao-Ling , Zou You , Yang Rui , Jiang Yang , Sheng Jian-Fei , Kong Yong-Gang , Tao Ze-Zhang , Feng Hong-Yan , Hua Qing-Quan , Bu Li-Hong , Chen Shi-Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Centromere protein N (CENP-N) has been reported to be highly expressed in malignancies, but its role and mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are unknown.

Methods
Abnormal CENP-N expression from NPC microarrays of GEO database was analyzed. CENP-N expression level was confirmed in NPC tissues and cell lines. Stable CENP-N knockdown and overexpression NPC cell lines were established, and transcriptome sequencing after CENP-N knockdown was performed. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to test the impact of CENP-N knockdown in NPC cells. ChIP and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the combination of IRF2 and CENP-N. Western blot analysis, cellular immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assays were used to verify the combination of CENP-N and AKT.

Results
CENP-N was confirmed to be aberrantly highly expressed in NPC tissues and cell lines and to be associated with high 18F-FDG uptake in cancer nests and poor patient prognosis. Transcriptome sequencing after CENP-N knockdown revealed that genes with altered expression were enriched in pathways related to glucose metabolism, cell cycle regulation. CENP-N knockdown inhibited glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, cell cycling and promoted apoptosis. IRF2 is a transcription factor for CENP-N and directly promotes CENP-N expression in NPC cells. CENP-N affects the glucose metabolism, proliferation, cell cycling and apoptosis of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo through the AKT pathway. CENP-N formed a complex with AKT in NPC cells. Both an AKT inhibitor (MK-2206) and a LDHA inhibitor (GSK2837808A) blocked the effect of CENP-N overexpression on NPC cells by promoting aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, cell cycling and apoptosis resistance.

Conclusions
The IRF2/CENP-N/AKT axis promotes malignant biological behaviors in NPC cells by increasing aerobic glycolysis, and the IRF2/CENP-N/AKT signaling axis is expected to be a new target for NPC therapy.
HAPPi Kneecaps! A double‐blind, randomised, parallel group superiority trial investigating the effects of sHoe inserts for adolescents with patellofemoral PaIn: phase II feasibility study
Authors: O'Sullivan Isobel C. , Crossley Kay M. , Kamper Steven J. , van Middelkoop Marienke , Vicenzino Bill , Franettovich Smith Melinda M. , Menz Hylton B. , Smith Anne J. , Tucker Kylie , O'Leary Karina T. , Costa Nathalia , Collins Natalie J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) affects one‐third of adolescents and can persist into adulthood, negatively impacting health and quality of life. Foot orthoses are a recommended treatment for adults with PFP, but have not been evaluated in adolescents. The primary objective was to determine the feasibility of conducting a full‐scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating effects of contoured, prefabricated foot orthoses on knee pain severity and patient‐perceived global change, compared to flat insoles. The secondary objective was to describe outcomes on a range of patient‐reported outcome measures.MethodsWe recruited adolescents aged 12–18 years with PFP of ≥2 months duration into a double‐blind, randomised, parallel‐group feasibility trial. Participants were randomised to receive prefabricated contoured foot orthoses or flat shoe insoles, and followed for 3 months. Participants and outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation. Primary outcomes were feasibility of a full‐scale RCT (number of eligible/enrolled volunteers; recruitment rate; adherence with the intervention and logbook completion; adverse effects; success of blinding; drop‐out rate), and credibility and expectancy of interventions. Secondary outcomes were patient‐reported measures of pain, symptoms, function, quality of life, global rating of change, patient acceptable symptom state, and use of co‐interventions.Results36 out of 279 (12.9%) volunteers (27 female, mean (SD) age 15 (2) years, body mass 60 (13) kg) were eligible and enrolled, at a recruitment rate of 1.2 participants/week. 17 participants were randomised to receive foot orthoses, and 19 to flat insoles. 15 participants returned logbooks; 7/15 (47%) adhered to the intervention. No serious adverse events were reported. 28% (10/36, 4 pandemic‐related) of participants dropped out before 3 months. Blinding was successful. Both groups found the inserts to be credible.ConclusionsBased on a priori criteria for feasibility, findings suggest that a full‐scale RCT comparing contoured foot orthoses to flat insoles in adolescents with PFP would not be feasible using the current protocol. Prior to conducting a full‐scale RCT, feasibility issues should be addressed, with protocol modifications to facilitate participant retention, logbook completion and shoe insert wear.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12619000957190. Date registered: 8/07/2019.
Co‑cultivation of the anaerobic fungus Caecomyces churrovis with Methanobacterium bryantii enhances transcription of carbohydrate binding modules, dockerins, and pyruvate formate lyases on specific substrates
Authors: Brown Jennifer L. , Swift Candice L. , Mondo Stephen J. , Seppala Susanna , Salamov Asaf , Singan Vasanth , Henrissat Bernard , Drula Elodie , Henske John K. , Lee Samantha , LaButti Kurt , He Guifen , Yan Mi , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , O’Malley Michelle A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnaerobic fungi and methanogenic archaea are two classes of microorganisms found in the rumen microbiome that metabolically interact during lignocellulose breakdown. Here, stable synthetic co-cultures of the anaerobic fungusCaecomyces churrovisand the methanogenMethanobacterium bryantii(not native to the rumen) were formed, demonstrating that microbes from different environments can be paired based on metabolic ties. Transcriptional and metabolic changes induced by methanogen co-culture were evaluated inC. churrovisacross a variety of substrates to identify mechanisms that impact biomass breakdown and sugar uptake. A high-quality genome ofC. churroviswas obtained and annotated, which is the first sequenced genome of a non-rhizoid-forming anaerobic fungus.C. churrovispossess an abundance of CAZymes and carbohydrate binding modules and, in agreement with previous studies of early-diverging fungal lineages, N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) was associated with transcriptionally active genes. Co-culture with the methanogen increased overall transcription of CAZymes, carbohydrate binding modules, and dockerin domains in co-cultures grown on both lignocellulose and cellulose and caused upregulation of genes coding associated enzymatic machinery including carbohydrate binding modules in family 18 and dockerin domains across multiple growth substrates relative toC. churrovismonoculture. Two other fungal strains grown on a reed canary grass substrate in co-culture with the same methanogen also exhibited high log2-fold change values for upregulation of genes encoding carbohydrate binding modules in families 1 and 18. Transcriptional upregulation indicated that co-culture of theC. churrovisstrain with a methanogen may enhance pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) function for growth on xylan and fructose and production of bottleneck enzymes in sugar utilization pathways, further supporting the hypothesis that co-culture with a methanogen may enhance certain fungal metabolic functions. Upregulation of CBM18 may play a role in fungal–methanogen physical associations and fungal cell wall development and remodeling.
Influences of remote ischemic preconditioning on postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction in adults after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jing Yuchen , Gao Bai , Li Xi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been suggested to confer neuroprotective effect. However, influences of RIPC on postoperative delirium (POD) and cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in adults after cardiac surgery are less known. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of RIPC on POD and POCD.

Methods
Relevant studies were obtained by search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane’s Library databases. A random-effect model was used to pool the results.

Results
Ten RCTs including 2303 adults who received cardiac surgery were included. Pooled results showed that RIPC did not significantly affect the incidence of POD (six RCTs, odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81 to 1.40, P = 0.65) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). In addition, combined results showed that RIPC did not significantly reduce the incidence of POCD either (six RCTs, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.11, P = 0.11) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 44%). Sensitivity analysis by excluding one RCT at a time showed consistent results (P values all > 0.05).

Conclusions
Current evidence from RCTs did not support that RIPC could prevent the incidence of POD or POCD in adults after cardiac surgery. Although these findings may be validated in large-scale RCTs, particularly for the results of POCD, based on these findings, RIPC should not be routinely used as a preventative measure for POD and POCD in adult patients after cardiac surgery.
Organising a juvenile ratio monitoring programme for 10 key waterbird species in the Yangtze River floodplain: analysis and proposals
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Damba Iderbat , Zhao Qingshan , Xie Yanbo , Deng Xueqing , Ga Rdi , Liu Guanhua , Xu Zhiwen , Li Yue , Gao Dali , Xu Wenbin , Chen Guoxun , Cao Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the face of continued degradation and loss of wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain (YRF), there is an urgent need to monitor the abundance and distribution of wintering waterbirds. To understand fully observed annual changes, we need to monitor demographic rates to understand factors affecting global population size. Annual reproduction success contributes to dynamic changes in population size and age structure, so an assessment of the juvenile ratio (i.e. first winter birds as a proportion of total number aged) of overwintering waterbirds can be an important indicator of the reproductive success in the preceding breeding season.MethodsDuring 2016–2019, we sampled juvenile ratios among 10 key waterbird species from the wetlands in the YRF. Based on these data, we here attempt to establish a simple, efficient, focused and reliable juvenile ratio monitoring scheme, to assess consistently and accurately relative annual breeding success and its contribution to the age structure among these waterbird species.ResultsWe compared juvenile ratio data collected throughout the winter and found that the optimal time for undertaking these samples was in the early stages of arrival for migratory waterbirds reaching their wintering area (early to mid-December). We recommend counting consistently at key points (i.e. those where > 1% biogeographical flyway population were counted) at sites of major flyway importance (Poyang Lake, East Dongting Lake, Shengjin Lake, Caizi Lake, Longgan Lake and Chen Lake). Based on this, the error rate of the programme (155 planned points, the count of 10 waterbird species is 826–8955) is less than 5%.ConclusionsWe established a juvenile ratio monitoring programme for 10 key waterbird species in the wetlands of the YRF, and discuss the feasibility and necessity of implementing such a future programme, and how to use these data in our monitoring and understanding of the population dynamics of these waterbird populations.
Esophageal achalasia detected by vomiting during induction of general anesthesia: a case report
Authors: Abe Kyoko , Kimura Tetsu , Niiyama Yukitoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Esophageal achalasia is a rare disease with a high risk of aspiration during anesthesia induction. Here, we describe our experience involving a case of undiagnosed esophageal achalasia with profuse vomiting during anesthesia induction.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old woman was scheduled for orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia. She vomited a large amount of watery contents during anesthesia induction, and planned surgery was postponed. After recovery from anesthesia, she informed us that she usually had to drink a large amount of water to get food into her stomach and purged watery vomit every night before sleep. However, she attributed it to her constitutional problem, not to a specific disease. She was subsequently diagnosed with esophageal achalasia and underwent Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication before her re-scheduled orthopedic surgery.

Conclusions
A detailed history of dysphagia and regurgitation should be taken in preoperative examinations to prevent unexpected aspiration due to undiagnosed achalasia.
Loneliness in online students with disabilities: qualitative investigation for experience, understanding and solutions
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Chircop James , Hutchinson Lucy , Rhodes Christine , Green Pauline , Jones Robert-Maxwell , Kaluzeviciute Greta , Garip Gulcan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOnline learning has given access to education for diverse populations including students with disabilities. In our university, the ratio of students with disabilities is substantially higher in the online programmes than face-to-face. Online learning provides high accessibility though it can result in a lonely experience. Accordingly, this study aimed to appraise the first-hand experience and understanding of loneliness in online students with disabilities (OSWD), and to discuss possible solutions. Thematic analysis on semi-structured interviews attended by nine OSWD identified: ‘Self-paced study can reduce stigma but cause loneliness (Theme 1)’, ‘Loneliness and social difficulties relate to misunderstanding of disability (Theme 2)’, and ‘Activities, events and staff for informal socialisation are needed (Theme 3)’. As the demand for online learning is further expanded due to the current global pandemic, our findings will be helpful for online learning institutions worldwide to establish effective strategies to reduce loneliness in OSWD.
Validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of an adapted short version of the HIV stigma scale among perinatally HIV infected adolescents at the Kenyan coast
Authors: Wanjala Stanley W. , Ssewanyana Derrick , Mwangala Patrick N. , Nasambu Carophine , Chongwo Esther , Luchters Stanley , Newton Charles R. J. C. , Abubakar Amina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a dearth of instruments that have been developed and validated for use with children living with HIV under the age of 17 years in the Kenyan context. We examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale administered to perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in a rural setting on the Kenyan coast.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents aged 12–17 years between November 2017 and October 2018. A short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale (HSS-40) containing twelve items (HSS-12) covering the four dimensions of stigma was evaluated. The psychometric assessment included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and multi-group CFA. Additionally, scale reliability was evaluated as internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s alpha.

Results
Evaluation of the reliability and construct validity of the HSS-12 indicated insufficient reliability on three of the four subscales. Consequently, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify problematic items and determine ways to enhance the scale’s reliability. Based on the EFA results, two items were dropped. The Swahili version of this new 10-item HIV stigma scale (HSS-10) demonstrated excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.89). Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that a unidimensional model best fitted the data. The HSS-10 presented a good fit (overall Comparative Fit Index = 0.976, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.969, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.040, Standardised Root Mean Residual = 0.045). Additionally, multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance across gender and age groups at the strict invariance level as ΔCFI was ≤ 0.01.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that the HSS-10 has good psychometric properties and is appropriate for evaluating HIV stigma among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents on the Kenyan coast. Further, study results support the unidimensional model and measurement invariance across gender and age groups of the HSS-10 measure.
Rare dosage abnormalities flanking the SHOX gene
Authors: Bunyan David J. , Gevers Evelien , Hobbs James I. , Duncan-Flavell Philippa J. , Howarth Rachel J. , Holder-Espinasse Muriel , Klee Philippe , Van-Heurk Roxane , Lemmens Laure , Carminho-Rodrigues Maria Teresa , Mohamed Zainaba , Goturu Aruna , Hughes Claire R. , Ajzensztejn Michal , Thomas N. Simon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Transcriptional regulation of the SHOX gene is highly complex. Much of our understanding has come from the study of copy number changes of conserved non-coding sequences both upstream and downstream of the gene. Downstream deletions have been frequently reported in patients with Leri–Weill dyschondrosteosis or idiopathic short stature. In contrast, there are only four cases in the literature of upstream deletions that remove regulatory elements. Although duplications flanking the SHOX gene have also been reported, their pathogenicity is more difficult to establish. To further evaluate the role of flanking copy number variants in SHOX-related disorders, we describe nine additional patients from a large SHOX diagnostic cohort.

Results
The nine cases presented here include five with duplications (two upstream of SHOX and three downstream), one with a downstream triplication and three with upstream deletions. Two of the deletions remove a single conserved non-coding element (CNE-3) while the third does not remove any known regulatory element but is just 4 kb upstream of SHOX, and the deleted region may be important in limb bud development. We also describe six families with novel sequence gains flanking SHOX. Three families had increased dosage of a proposed regulatory element approximately 380 kb downstream of SHOX (X:970,000), including one family with the first ever reported triplication of this region. One family had two in cis downstream duplications co-segregating with LWD, and the two others had a duplication of just the upstream SHOX regulatory element CNE-5.

Conclusions
This study further extends our knowledge of the range of variants that may potentially cause SHOX-related phenotypes and may aid in determining the clinical significance of similar variants.
Dexamethasone and postoperative analgesia in minimally invasive thoracic surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Umari Marzia , Paluzzano Giacomo , Stella Matteo , Carpanese Valentina , Gallas Giovanna , Peratoner Caterina , Colussi Giulia , Baldo Gaia Maria , Moro Edoardo , Lucangelo Umberto , Berlot Giorgio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Dexamethasone is commonly used for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and recent reviews suggest a role for dexamethasone in postoperative analgesia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone as an analgesic adjuvant in minimally invasive thoracic surgery. Primary outcome was morphine consumption 24 h after surgery; secondary outcomes were pain control, measured as numeric rating scale (NRS), glycemic changes, PONV, and surgical wound infection.

Results
We performed a retrospective cohort study considering 70 patients who underwent elective lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection surgery with a mini-thoracotomy approach or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). All patients received the same locoregional techniques and short-acting opioids during surgery; 46 patients received dexamethasone at induction. There were no significant differences in morphine consumption at 24 h (p = 0.09) and in postoperative pain scores. Nevertheless, a higher frequency of rescue therapy (p = 0.01) and a tendency for a higher attempted-PCA pushes count were observed in patients who did not receive dexamethasone. No cases of surgical wound infections were detected, and the incidence of PONV was similar in the two groups. Postoperative glycemia was transiently higher in the dexamethasone group (p = 0.004), but the need of hypoglycemic therapy was not significantly different.

Conclusions
Preoperative administration of dexamethasone did not cause a significant reduction in morphine consumption, but appears to be safe and plays a role in a multimodal anesthesia approach for patients undergoing elective minimally invasive thoracic surgery.