bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRO-POOR GROWTH: CONCEPT AND MEASUREMENT IN CASE OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Afridi Jawad Rahim , Pervaiz Zahid , Asif Muhammad Farhan 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The study aims to investigate the welfare of the citizens of Pakistan and to compare the traditional economic growth rate i.e. IWI with welfare indices i.e. ACEWI, ACPWI-I, ACPWI-II.
Methodology: For the welfare index, Ahluwalia and Chenery Welfare Index have been used to evaluate the welfare of the people in Pakistan. The study used time series data from 1990 to 2017.
Main Findings: Outcomes stated that the traditional measure of household income growth is far greater than the real growth rate which was measured through ACWI’s. Pakistan’s economy lacks equal distribution of income among different sections of the society because of government fiscal policy.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This investigation will provide the policymaker with proper guidance for developing a policy for the fair distribution of the resources to build the standard of living of every citizen in Pakistan.
Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with or without dilatation in hypospadias repair: a comparative study
Authors: Nazmul Islam , Ashrarur Rahman Mitul , Sabbir Karim , Afifa Ferdous 
Published: May 2021

Background. After tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty meatal and urethral dilatation is a common practice. There are some complication of uretheral dilatation like urethral bleeding,urethral perforation and creating a false passage. Moreover dilating the urethra regularly is physically or psychologically painful both for the child and the parents.The aim of this study was to justify the necessity of uretheral dilatation after TIP urethroplasty.Materials and Methods. This study was a prospective, comparative study performed in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from July 2017 to June 2020. Total 60 respondents were participated in this study with maintain inclusion criteria. Respondents with primary distal and mid-shaft hypospadias where TIP urethroplasty was indicated, admitted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital during study period were included. Group A was assigned non dilatation group and Group B was assigned to regular urethral ditatation group after TIP urethro- plasty. Fistula formation, meatal stenosis and neourethral stricture were compaired between two groups. Informed written consents were taken from legal guardians. Data ware analyzed by SPSS Program.Results. In this study there was no significant difference of ages between two groups. In Group B 10% (3)respondents developed urethrocutaneous fistula, 10% (3) respondents developed meatal stenosis and 3.33% (1)respondents developed neourethral stricture. On the other hand In Group A 10% (3) respondents developed urethrocutaneous fistula, 6.66% (2) respondents developed meatal stenosis. None of patient in Group A developed neourethral stricture.Conclusion. There was no significant difference in fistula formation, meatal stenosis and neourethral stricture in between regular urethral dilatation group and non-dilatation group after TIP urethroplasty.
Resenha da 2ª edição ampliada e bilíngue de Eunice Katunda: musicista brasileira, de Carlos Kater
Authors: Monteiro da Silva Eliana , Candido Marisa Milan 
Published: May 2021

A resenha da 2ª edição de Eunice Katunda: musicista brasileira (que inclui o subtítulo brazilian musician), escrita por Carlos Kater e publicada em e-book em 2020 pela editora M&K, tem como objetivo apontar o conteúdo, os principais tópicos abordados pelo autor e, principalmente, as ampliações e atualizações realizadas nesta edição. Partindo de resenha original realizada pelas autoras na Revista Música em 2019, este texto dialoga com o próprio desejo de Kater de contribuir com estudos sobre a vida e a obra de Eunice Katunda (bem como de seus contemporâneos) por meio da inclusão de textos, fotos, partituras, programas de concertos, cartas, manuscritos de partituras, entre outros documentos não constantes da 1ª edição. Com o presente e-book, que traz também a tradução para o inglês, Kater homenageia os 80 anos do que aponta como início das atividades concretas do grupo Música Viva, do qual Eunice Katunda foi uma das principais protagonistas.
Tranexamic Acid Is Safe in Patients with a History of Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Zak Stephen G. , Tang Alex , Sharan Mohamad , Waren Daniel , Rozell Joshua C. , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: May 2021

Background:Tranexamic acid (TXA) is increasingly used to minimize blood loss during total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Although TXA has been shown to be highly effective in reducing operative blood loss, many surgeons believe that it places patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or a history of coronary stents at an increased risk for myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to determine if TXA is safe to use in patients with a history of CAD or coronary stents.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis at a single, tertiary academic medical center identifying consecutive total hip and knee arthroplasty cases over an 8-year period. From this cohort who received TXA intraoperatively, we identified patients with a history of CAD or coronary stents and determined the total myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates within a 90-day postoperative period. Chi-square analyses were used to identify differences in VTE rates between cohorts. A post hoc power analysis was also performed to determine whether our results were powered to detect a difference in VTE rates.Results:In the 26,808 identified at-risk patients, there were no postoperative myocardial infarctions. No significant differences were observed for VTE rates compared with the control cohort using either topical or intravenous TXA, with regard to CAD (0.29% compared with 0.76%; p = 0.09) or coronary stents (0% compared with 0.76%; p = 0.14). Moreover, there was no significant difference observed in VTE rates when administration was subcategorized into intravenous and topical methods with regard to CAD (0.13% compared with 0.72%; p = 0.12) or coronary stents (0% compared with 0%; p = 1.0).Conclusions:In our series, topical and intravenous TXA were equally safe when used in patients with a history of CAD and coronary stents in comparison with the control cohort. With equal efficacy and risk of adverse events, we recommend intravenous TXA, which may enable easier institutional implementation.Level of Evidence:TherapeuticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Anatomical Study of the Interosseous Ligament of the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis
Authors: Tano Atsuhiro , Nimura Akimoto , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Yamaguchi Reiko , Okawa Atsushi , Akita Keiichi 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The morphological features of the interosseous tibiofibular area in relation to the tensile stress of the interosseous ligament (IOL) have rarely been discussed. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the IOL on the basis of osseous surface morphology and macroscopic and histological anatomy. We hypothesized that the osseous surface of the interosseous tibiofibular area has a specific feature corresponding to the fibrous structure in the IOL.

Methods:
Eighteen ankles from 15 cadavers were analyzed. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images were obtained for all specimens to observe the osseous surface in the syndesmosis and to visualize the distribution of cortical bone thickness. Fifteen ankles were macroscopically analyzed, and the other 3 ankles were histologically analyzed.

Results:
Micro-CT imaging revealed the osseous prominence on the medial side of the fibula. Cortical thickness mapping showed that the thickness of the cortical bone on the medial side of the fibula proximal to the prominence (mean and standard deviation, 1.4 ± 0.5 mm; p < 0.001) was greater in comparison with the other quadrants, namely, the proximal part of the tibia (0.8 ± 0.2), distal part of the fibula (0.7 ± 0.2), and distal part of the tibia (0.5 ± 0.1). Macroscopic analysis indicated that the perforating branch of the fibular artery ran through the proximal top of the IOL, which formed a thickened fiber and was attached to the fibular prominence. Histological analysis revealed that the thickened fibrous part of the IOL attached to the fibula via the fibrocartilaginous insertion. At the middle of the IOL, thin and fatty-like tissue was interposed between the tibia and the fibula.

Conclusions:
We observed that the osseous prominence of the fibula corresponded to the proximal thickened part of the IOL via the fibrocartilaginous attachment. The thickened proximal part of the IOL was consistently found in this location; we believe that this finding was related to the fact that the fibular artery perforated the adjacent distal part of the interosseous membrane (IOM).

Clinical Relevance:
The location of the prominence on the medial aspect of the fibula could be a helpful clue as to the ideal location of syndesmotic fixation.
Inferior Articular Process Fracture in a Collegiate Athlete Causing Back Pain
Authors: Dowdell James , Cong Guang-Ting , Verma Ravi , Gang Catherine Himo , Bauer Thomas W. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. 
Published: May 2021

Case:
A 20-year-old male athlete presented with 8 months of low back pain. Conservative management had been unsuccessful. He noted lumbar spine pain with extension, and imaging showed features of an L4-5 inferior articular facet tip fracture. The fragment was excised, he returned to college lacrosse and is without symptoms at the 9-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
In similar cases with facet fragments, we would recommend a full workup and attempt nonoperative therapy. If not improved and a diagnostic injection provides near-complete relief, then resection of the facet fragment can be discussed as a potentially effective and conservative surgical option.
Delayed Treatment of a Traumatic Lumbosacral Dislocation With Associated Injuries
Authors: Achalare Ajinkya , Dhawale Arjun , Chaudhary Kshitij , Thorat Tushar , Jain Paresh , Daver Gustad 
Published: May 2021

Case:
A 41-year-old woman sustained a degloving injury over her lumbosacral and perineal region with fractures of her right tibia and fibula. After diversion colostomy and osteosynthesis for the fractures at a primary center, a missed grade 2 lumbosacral dislocation was diagnosed at a tertiary center and the degloving injury was treated with debridement and skin grafting. After 5 months, the dislocation had progressed to grade 4 and she underwent delayed posterior lumbosacral reduction, interbody fusion, and L4-S1 fixation, with superior gluteal artery perforator flap and subsequent colostomy closure, with good outcomes (Oswestry Disability Index 10%) at the 3-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
A rare, missed, progressive traumatic L5-S1 spondylolisthesis with associated injuries is described.
The Paradox of Ghanaian High School Mathematics Teachers’ Perspectives on ICT Use
Authors: Mensah Farouq Sessah , Agyei Douglas Darko 
Published: May 2021

The paper sought to investigate the perceived use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) of high school mathematics teachers in Ghana. A hundred high school mathematics teachers from 20 public schools,10 each located in the rural and urban areas respectively in the Central region of Ghana, were stratified and used in the study. A questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The result of the study indicated low levels of perceived knowledge/skills of ICT use by high school mathematics teachers, contrary to their reported high usage levels of ICTs. The findings of the study also indicated that the high school mathematics teachers’ ICT use in a professional related context (instructional delivery, assessment, and professional learning network) was minimal compared to use for social networking, although they seemed to be fully aware of the relevance of using ICT in a professional related manner. Similarly, their reported technical knowledge/skills of ICT were low. Thus, the results of the study suggest that, though the teachers reported high ICT usage, actual usage seems to be at the peripheries. Among other things, this study has implications for curriculum development and training in Ghana and countries of similar context. It may be necessary for the Curriculum Research Development Division (CRDD) of the Ghana Education Service in collaboration with the related agencies to explicitly define parameters such as what ICT tools must be used, when they must be used, and how they should be used when reviewing and revising their mathematics teaching curriculum.
Genetic characterization and diversity assessment in ‘Bhangor’ indigenous swamp buffalo population using heterologous microsatellite markers
Authors: Singh Karan Veer , Das Ramendra , Kataria Ranjit , Sodhi Monika 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The present study was aimed at genetic characterization and diversity analysis of indigenous swamp buffalo population ‘Bhangor’ from Tripura, India using the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended bovine microsatellite markers. So far buffaloes of the north-eastern states of India have been studied except for Tripura.
Results

Buffalo blood samples were collected from Tripura. Of the 24 microsatellite markers studied only 15 markers (CSSM33, BM1818, CSRM60, HEL13, ILSTS019, ILSTS025, ILSTS028, ILSTS029, ILSTS030, ILSTS033, ILSTS036, ILSTS056, ILSTS058, ILSTS061, ILSTS089 and ETH003) were found to be highly polymorphic in the population. A total of 114 alleles were secured, with an overall average of 7.60 alleles per locus. The number of alleles ranged from 3 (CSRM60 and ILSTS025) to 12 (ILSTS056 and ILSTS061). The mean effective number of alleles across all polymorphic loci was found to be 3.76. The overall mean expected heterozygosity and unbiased expected heterozygosity values were 0.67 and 0.68, ranging from 0.067 (ILSTS025) to 0.85 (ILSTS058) and 0.068 (ILSTS025) to 0.86 (ILSTS058), respectively. Within-population inbreeding estimates (FIS) for bhangor buffalo ranged between − 0.4352 and 0.804 with an average FIS of 0.114 ± 0.033.
Conclusions

The outcome for IAM, TPM and test for mode shift revealed the absence of any recent bottleneck in Bhangor buffalo population. The population was found to be in optimum diversity based on polymorphic microsatellite markers. This is the newly characterized buffalo population from north-east India.
Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of NDVI From 1982 - 2015 in Qinba Mountains, China
Authors: Zhang Yaru , He Yi , Li Yanlin , Jia Liping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The spatiotemporal variation and driving force of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is helpful to regional ecological environment protection and natural resource management. Using the Sen and Mann–Kendall methods, Hurt index, Space transfer matrix and Geodetector, this study investigated the temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of NDVI during 1982 - 2015. The results showed that:（1）For the period 1982 to 2015, the high vegetation coverage was mainly distributed in Qinling Mountains and Daba mountain, while the value of NDVI was low in high altitude area in the west, low altitude in the East and Hanjiang River valley.（2）The change trend of NDVI in Qinba Mountains is mainly to maintain stable and slow growth. And the slow growth changes significantly. NDVI increased slowly mainly in the East and northwest.（3）The future change trend of NDVI in Qinba Mountain is mainly slow growth and stability, which indicates that the ecological construction in Qinba Mountains is good. (4) Through the geographical detector, the main factors affecting NDVI in Qinba Mountains are natural factors mainly including rainfall, soil type and digital elevation model (DEM), while human activities mainly including population density have little influence on NDVI in Qinba Mountains. Natural environment factors and human activities make a great difference on the spatial distribution of NDVI. This study provides a help for the sustainable development of the naturel environment in Qinba Mountains.
An in situ ascorbate peroxidase labeling in secreted exosomes identifies a stress-induced exosome proteome alteration
Authors: Lee Byung Rho , Lee Tae Jin , Oh Sekyung , Li Chenglong , Song Jin-Hyuk , Marshall Brendan , Zhi Wenbo , Kwon Sang-Ho 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The extracellular vesicle exosome mediates intercellular communication by transporting macromolecules such as proteins and ribonucleic acids. Determining cargo content with high accuracy will help decipher the biological processes that exosomes mediate in various contexts. Existing methods for probing exosome cargo molecules rely on a prior exosome isolation procedure. Here we report an in situ labeling approach for exosome proteome profiling, termed Exosome-Proxy APEX Labeling (EPAL), which bypasses the exosome isolation steps. In EPAL, proteins either in the exosome biogenesis vesicles in cells or in secreted exosomes in the conditioned medium can specifically be biotinylated with expressing a variant of the engineered ascorbic peroxidase APEX that is fused to an exosome cargo protein such as CD63. Mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins biotinylated in exosomes secreted from kidney proximal tubule-derived cells reveals that oxidative stress can induce an alteration in exosome protein contents, including accumulation of ribosomal proteins in exosomes.
Evaluation of Pasture Allowance of Manganese for Ruminants
Authors: GE Xiaoping , Chen Fu , Saqlain Laraib , Ma Jing , Khan Zafar Iqbal , Ahmad Kafeel , Malik Ifra Saleem , Ashfaq Asma , Sultana Razia , Munir Mudasra , Nadeem Muhammad , Awan Muhammad Umer Farooq , Sohail Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of study was to access the Mn contamination in soil, forages and animals. Heavy metal pollution is a matter of prime significance in natural environment. Through food chain toxicity of heavy metals and their bioaccumulation potential are transferred into humans .Higher concentrations of metallic compounds are toxic to living organisms but these are essential to maintain body metabolism. Intake of food crops polluted with heavy metals is chief food chain channel for human exposure. Animals are exposed to heavy metal stress by the intake of richly contaminated food crops those are chief part of food chain. We collected samples of soil, plant, animal blood, hair and faeces to find contamination through wet digestion process in lab and metal analysis. Different forages were collected to study Mn calculation was our major concern in this study. Our present findings also emphasized on the assessment of bio-concentration factor (BCF). We also calculated other significant indices i.e. Pollution load index (PLI), daily intake of metal (DIM), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Enrichment factor (EF). While the experimentation result showed different concentrations of metal in different seasons. When the Mn concentration in forages was (20.01-28.29 mg/kg) and in soil (5.27-8.90 mg/kg). Soil samples showed higher level of (PLI) Pollution load index. Bio-concentration of iron was (2.59-4.21 mg/kg). It can be concluded as regular monitoring of the level metal is essential evaluate the contamination status.
Team VA Video Connect (VVC) to Optimize Mobility and Physical Activity in Post-Hospital Discharge Older Veterans: Baseline Assessment
Authors: Alexander Neil B. , Phillips Kristin , Wagner-Felkey Joleen , Chan Chiao-Li , Hogikyan Robert , Sciaky Alexandra , Cigolle Christine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Telehealth is increasingly used for rehabilitation and exercise but few studies include older adult participants with comorbidities and impairment, particularly cognitive. Using Veterans Administration Video Connect (VVC), the aim of the present study is to present the screening, recruitment, baseline assessment, and initial telehealth utilization of post-hospital discharge Veterans in a VVC home-telehealth based program to enhance mobility and physical activity.Methods Older adult Veterans (n = 45, mean age 73), recently discharged from the hospital with physical therapy goals, were VVC-assessed in self-report and performance-based measures, using test adaptations as necessary, by a clinical pharmacy specialist and social worker team.Results Basic and instrumental ADL disabilities were common as were low mobility (Short Portable Performance Battery) and physical activity levels (measured by actigraphy). Half had Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in the mild cognitive impairment range (< 24). Over 2/3 of the participants used VA-supplied tablets. While half of the Veterans were fully successful in VVC, 1/3 of these and an additional group with at least one failed connection requested in-person visits for assistance. One-quarter had no VVC success and sought help for tablet troubleshooting, and half of these eventually “gave up” trying to connect; computer literacy issues and physical impairment (particularly dexterity) were described prominently in this group. On the other hand, Veterans with at least mild cognitive impairment (based on MoCA scores) were present in all connectivity groups and most of these used caregiver support to facilitate VVC.Conclusion Disabled older post-hospital discharged Veterans with physical therapy goals can be VVC-assessed and enrolled into a mobility/physical activity intervention. A substantial proportion required technical support, including in-person support for many. Yet, VVC seems feasible in those with mild cognitive impairment, assuming the presence of an able caregiver. Modifications of assessment tools were needed for the VVC interface, and while appearing feasible, will require further study.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 04045054 05/08/2019
Hirudin Suppresses Metastasis of Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro and in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhou Lei , Jiang XiaoYan , Ni HongHui , Yang ShuiYing , Xu Yan , Wu Yu , Du Dan , Peng Min , Fu YingJun , Cai Yan , Yang XiaoHui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Hirudin has been shown to inhibit the growth and metastasis of several types of cancers in experimental tumor models. However, whether hirudin exerts antitumor effects on breast adenocarcinoma cells has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effects and explore the underlying mechanisms of hirudin in breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells.
Methods: The viability of MCF-7 cells was assayed by Cell Counting Kit-8. The adhesion ability of the cells was evaluated by cell adhesion assay. Besides, cell migration was detected by wound healing assay. Cell invasion was examined using Transwell chamber assay. The underlying molecular mechanism was investigated by immunofluorescence. In addition, In vivo zebrafish xenograft model was used to verify the proliferation and metastasis of hirudin on MCF-7 cells.
Results: The results showed that hirudin significantly inhibited the cell viability and suppressed cell adhesion, migration, invasion compared with the control group. Importantly, hirudin significantly decreased the expression of CHD1L, MDM2 protein, and increased the expression of p53 protein. Moreover, the zebrafish xenograft study revealed that hirudin inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of MCF-7 cells in vivo.
Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate that hirudin suppressed metastasis of MCF-7 cells and the mechanism may involve with the CHD1L/MDM2/p53 axis. Hirudin is a promising antineoplastic agent for the treatment of breast cancer with significant antimetastatic activities.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Hirudin, Metastasis, Zebrafish, CHD1L