bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance or non‐compliance during financial crisis: Does it matter?
Authors: Ahmad Sardar , Akbar Saeed , Kodwani Devendra , Halari Anwar , Shah Syed Zubair 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates whether shareholder value is affected by non‐compliance with the prescriptions of a principle‐based ‘comply or explain’ system of corporate governance in the context of the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. Using System Generalized Method of Moments estimates to control for different types of endogeneity, the main findings of this paper suggest that non‐compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code adversely affects shareholder value. Furthermore, ex‐post estimates reveal that compliance with certain corporate governance mechanisms is more beneficial than others. With regard to this, compliance with provisions related to board independence is more important than complying with performance‐related pay requirements of the code. These findings have implications for policy makers and financial institutions regarding the usefulness of compliance with a prescribed code of corporate governance, specifically during periods of financial distress.
Plasma miR‐218a‐5p as a biomarker for acute cholestatic liver injury in rats and investigation of its pathophysiological roles
Authors: Oda Shingo , Hirabuki Yuka , Takeuchi Taiki , Kagawa Takumi , Yokoi Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNA) have received considerable attention as potential biomarkers for drug‐induced liver injury. We recently reported that the plasma levels of miR‐143‐3p and miR‐218a‐5p increased in severe cholestasis in rats. This study aimed to investigate whether these miRNAs increase in a severity‐dependent manner and to elucidate their pathophysiological roles in cholestasis. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were orally administered different doses of α‐naphthylisothiocyanate or 4,4‐methylenedianiline to induce acute cholestasis. They were also orally administered acetaminophen or thioacetamide to induce hepatocellular injury. We found that plasma miR‐143‐3p and miR‐218a‐5p levels increased in a dose‐dependent manner in cholestatic rats but not in hepatocellular injury. Bioinformatic analysis provided putative target genes of hsa‐miR‐218‐5p, rno‐miR‐218a‐5p, and mmu‐miR‐218‐5p, among which GNAI2, PPP1CB, and PPP2R5A were experimentally validated as their direct target genes in human cholangiocyte line MMNK‐1. Proliferation of MMNK‐1 cells was significantly suppressed after overexpression of miR‐218‐5p and transduction of siRNAs for GNAI2, PPP1CB, and PPP2R5A. In the cholestatic livers of rats, Ppp1cb and Ppp2r5a expression levels decreased, whereas Gnai2 expression levels increased compared with those in vehicle‐treated rats, suggesting that Ppp1cb and Ppp2r5a may be under the control of miR‐218a‐5p in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR‐218(a)‐5p is involved in the suppression of cholangiocyte proliferation by inhibiting the expression of PPP1CB and PPP2R5A, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of cholestasis; and miR‐218a‐5p leaks into the plasma probably from damaged cholangiocytes in a severity‐dependent manner in rats. Therefore, miR‐218a‐5p overexpression could be one of the underlying mechanisms of acute cholestatic liver injury in rats.
Sexual Dimorphism in Differentiating Osteoclast Precursors Demonstrates Enhanced Inflammatory Pathway Activation in Female Cells
Authors: Mun Se Hwan , Jastrzebski Sandra , Kalinowski Judy , Zeng Steven , Oh Brian , Bae Seyeon , Eugenia Giannopoulou , Khan Nazir M , Drissi Hicham , Zhou Ping , Shin Bongjin , Lee Sun-Kyeong , Lorenzo Joseph , Park-Min Kyung-Hyun 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Sexual dimorphism of the skeleton is well documented. At maturity, the male skeleton is typically larger and has a higher bone density than the female skeleton. However, the underlying mechanisms for these differences are not completely understood. In this study, we examined sexual dimorphism in the formation of osteoclasts between cells from female and male mice. We found that the number of osteoclasts in bones was greater in females. Similarly, in vitro osteoclast differentiation was accelerated in female osteoclast precursor (OCP) cells. To further characterize sex differences between female and male osteoclasts, we performed gene expression profiling of cultured, highly purified, murine bone marrow OCPs that had been treated for 3 days with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). We found that 125 genes were differentially regulated in a sex-dependent manner. In addition to genes that are contained on sex chromosomes, transcriptional sexual dimorphism was found to be mediated by genes involved in innate immune and inflammatory response pathways. Furthermore, the NF-κB-NFATc1 axis was activated earlier in female differentiating OCPs, which partially explains the differences in transcriptomic sexual dimorphism in these cells. Collectively, these findings identify multigenic sex-dependent intrinsic difference in differentiating OCPs, which results from an altered response to osteoclastogenic stimulation. In humans, these differences could contribute to the lower peak bone mass and increased risk of osteoporosis that females demonstrate relative to males. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Sodium salts effect on the time of flight mass spectra of some amino acids in the direct‐laser desorption ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Amiri Razieh , Farrokhpour Hossein , Tabrizchi Mahmoud 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne of the problems in the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) of small molecules is the overlap between the peaks originated from the matrix and analyte. The MALDI and the direct laser desorption ionization (direct‐LDI) spectrum of the phenylalanine amino acid (FAA) has been recorded and assigned in the absence and presence of the salts, including NaF and NaOH. It was seen that the peaks originated from the matrix were suppressed in the MALDI spectrum of the FFA in the presence of salt. In addition, the salt effect on the TOF mass spectrum of the FAA, recorded by the direct‐LDI, was investigated. The mass spectrum of the FFA, in the presence of NaF, showed a relatively strong and sharp peak assigned to [FAA‐H + 2Na]+ species in both the direct‐LDI and MALDI. The direct‐LDI spectrum was less crowded than the MALDI spectrum. The same results were obtained when NaOH was used instead of NaF. The peak related to [Amino acid‐H + 2Na]+ species was considered a characteristic peak in both the direct‐LDI and MALDI of the selected amino acids in the presence of NaF and NaOH.
A pilot evaluation of the Building Early Emotional Skills (BEES) curriculum in face‐to‐face and online formats
Authors: Brophy‐Herb Holly E. , Moyses Kendra , Shrier Carrie , Rymanowicz Kylie , Pilkenton Alan , Dalimonte‐Merckling Danielle , Hetherington Chelsea , Mitchell Koi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Building Early Emotional Skills (BEES) parenting program is designed to promote parent–child relationships and more optimal social‐emotional development by addressing four sequentially built skills in parenting infants/toddlers: (1) building parental awareness of emotions in self and child; (2) listening and interacting sensitively; (3) identifying and labeling emotions; and (4) intentionally supporting early self‐regulation skills. BEES used an 8‐session format delivered in online or face‐to‐face platforms (N = 264 female caregivers; n = 214 online, n = 50 face‐to‐face). Linear mixed modeling for pre‐to‐post changes showed significant increases in knowledge, emotion coaching beliefs, acceptance of negative emotions, and self‐reported emotionally supportive responses to emotions; and, significant decreases in rejection of emotions, emotionally unsupportive responses, and parenting distress. Results suggested no differences in rate of change by program delivery type. Caregivers with more depressive symptoms showed greater improvement in their parenting distress. The BEES program may be a tool to support early positive parenting.
Osteoimmunological insights into the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Liu Lifei , Yuan Yu , Zhang Shihua , Xu Jiake , Zou Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is inflammatory arthritis predominantly affecting the spine, which is involved in the disorders of both immune and skeletal systems. The exact pathogenesis of AS is not fully understood. Osteoimmunology is a new subject of study in inflammatory arthritis, in particular the pathogenic events involved in the cross‐regulation of both skeletal and immune systems. In this review, we discuss osteoimmunological and pathological changes of AS in the spine that are characterized by altered osteogenesis and osteolytic bone destruction, accompanied by the changes of the immune system. It was revealed that bone cells like mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblast, and osteoclast in crossing talking with immune cells such as T cells, B cells coregulate to the pathogenesis of AS. Further, an array of cytokines and molecules expressed by both skeletal and immune systems contribute to these complex interplays. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AS will lay a foundation for the exploration of the potential new treatment to AS.
Efficient removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using a novel functionalized bio‐material with two tridentate coordinated units
Authors: Guo Yu , Xiao Yu , Wu Hongmei , Xu Jingwen , Chen Qiangqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPb(II)‐containing wastewater causes serious pollution in our daily life. Adsorption is the technique most often used to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution. For improving the removal efficiency of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution, adsorbent materials and the functionalization method of the adsorbent need to be further studied.RESULTSA novel Schiff's base functionalized bio‐material (DAS2‐AT) with two tridentate coordinated units was synthesized by the reaction of 2‐acetylthiophene and modified dialdehyde starch (DAS‐NH2) for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. Experimental results demonstrated that the DAS2‐AT exhibited high adsorption capacity and selectivity towards Pb(II), and the maximum adsorption capacity was up to 203 mg g−1. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic of Pb(II) ions on the DAS2‐AT were correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model and Pseudo‐second‐order model. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption and regeneration experiments indicated that DAS2‐AT has good reusability. Besides that, the adsorbent displayed good affinity of DAS2‐AT towards Pb(II) ion in the presence of Cr(VI), Zn(II), and Ni(II) ions.CONCLUSIONThe bio‐adsorbent (DAS2‐AT) displayed good adsorption performance to remove Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. DAS2‐AT gave a potential application as a low‐cost and effective adsorbent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
The dermal armor of mylodontid sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Cueva del Milodón (Última Esperanza, Chile)
Authors: Toledo Néstor , Boscaini Alberto , Pérez Leandro Martín 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDermal ossifications (osteoderms, dermal ossicles, osteoscutes) appear independently in various tetrapod lineages. In mammals, however, dermal ossifications are only present in some members of Xenarthra. This clade includes Cingulata (armadillos and their relatives), and Pilosa, including Vermilingua (anteaters) and Folivora (sloths). In extant xenarthrans, osteoderms are invariably present in cingulates whereas they are absent in pilosans. Among extinct sloths, however, a limited number of taxa possessed dermal ossifications. Records of mummified skins of ground sloths bearing osteoderms found in Cueva del Milodón (Southern Chile), with a late Pleistocene age, allowed us to analyze their micro‐ and macroscopic morphology. The main goal of this study is to closely examine a portion of a mylodontid skin portion using radiography. The arrangement, morphology and internal structure of the ossicles are analyzed and the results are discussed in the context of previous research. The results we obtained indicate that ossicles vary in shape and size, and the integument has four different patterns of arrangement of the ossicles: that is, areas without ossicles, disorganized ossicles, rows, and mosaic areas. The latter has two variants, with clusters of ossicles forming rosettes or stars. Thin sections of the ossicles allowed us to recognize and describe anatomical features of the bone and its mode of growth. Finally, paleobiological and functional considerations of the dermal armor are discussed along with its phylogenetic and chronological implications.
Dynamic Changes in Functional Network Connectivity Involving Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Its Correlation With Disease Severity
Authors: Chen Hua‐Jun , Zou Zhang‐Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Shi Jia‐Yan , Huang Nao‐Xin , Lin Yan‐Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAberrant static functional connectivity (FC) has been well demonstrated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, ALS‐related alterations in FC dynamic properties remain unclear, although dynamic FC analyses contribute to uncover mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders.PurposeTo explore dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) in ALS and its correlation with disease severity.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThirty‐two ALS patients and 45 healthy controls.Field Strength/SequenceMultiband resting‐state functional images using gradient echo echo‐planar imaging and T1‐weighted images were acquired at 3.0 T.AssessmentDisease severity was evaluated with the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS‐R) and patients were stratified according to diagnostic category. Independent component analysis was conducted to identify the components of seven intrinsic brain networks (ie, visual/sensorimotor (SMN)/auditory/cognitive‐control (CCN)/default‐mode (DMN)/subcortical/cerebellar networks). A sliding‐window correlation approach was used to compute dFNC. FNC states were determined by k‐mean clustering, and state‐specific FNC and dynamic indices (fraction time/mean dwell time/transition number) were calculated.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t test used for comparisons on dynamic measures and Spearman's correlation analysis.ResultsALS patients showed increased FNC between DMN‐SMN in state 1 and between CCN‐SMN in state 4. Patients remained in state 2 (showing the weakest FNC) for a significantly longer time (mean dwell time: 49.8 ± 40.1 vs. 93.6 ± 126.3; P < 0.05) and remained in state 1 (showing a relatively strong FNC) for a shorter time (fraction time: 0.27 ± 0.25 vs. 0.13 ± 0.20; P < 0.05). ALS patients exhibited less temporal variability in their FNC (transition number: 10.2 ± 4.4 vs. 7.8 ± 3.8; P < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between ALSFRS‐R and mean dwell time in state 2 (r = −0.414, P < 0.05) and transition number (r = 0.452, P < 0.05). No significant between‐subgroup difference in dFNC properties was found (all P > 0.05).Data ConclusionOur findings suggest aberrant dFNC properties in ALS, which is associated with disease severity.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 3
Combined Hepatocellular‐Cholangiocarcinoma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Prognosis According to Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Dong Hwan , Choi Sang Hyun , Kim Dong Wook , Lee Seung Soo , Lim Young‐Suk , Kim So Yeon , Kim Hyoung Jung , Kim Jin Hee , Byun Jae Ho 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundCombined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA) can develop in patients with and without risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).PurposeTo compare the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of cHCC‐CCA in patients with and without risk factors for HCC, and to assess the influence of risk factors on patient prognosis.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 152 patients with surgically confirmed cHCC‐CCA.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T and 3‐T/T1‐weighted dual gradient‐echo in‐ and opposed‐phase, T2‐weighted turbo‐spin‐echo, diffusion‐weighted single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar, and T1‐weighted three‐dimensional gradient‐echo contrast‐enhanced sequences.AssessmentMRI features according to the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) and pathologic findings based on revised classification were compared between patients with and without risk factors for HCC. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were also compared between the two groups, and factors associated with survival were evaluated.Statistical TestsThe clinico‐pathologic and MRI features of the two groups were compared using Student's t‐tests, Mann–Whitney U‐tests, and chi‐square tests. OS and RFS were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and factors associated with survival were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard model.ResultscHCC‐CCA in patients with risk factors were more frequently classified as LI‐RADS category 4 or 5 (LR‐4/5; probably or definitely HCC) (48.7%), whereas those without risk factors were more frequently classified as category M (LR‐M; probably malignant, not specific for HCC) (63.6%). RFS and OS did not differ significantly according to risk factors (P = 0.63 and 0.83). Multivariable analysis showed that pathologic tumor type (hazard ratio 2.02; P < 0.05) and LI‐RADS category (hazard ratio 2.19; P < 0.05) were significantly associated with RFS and OS, respectively.Data ConclusionAlthough MRI features of cHCC‐CCA differed significantly between patients with and without risk factors for HCC, postsurgical prognosis did not. LI‐RADS category and pathologic tumor type were independently correlated with postsurgical prognosis in patients with cHCC‐CCA.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Deep Learning With 3D Convolutional Neural Network for Noninvasive Prediction of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yongxin , Lv Xiaofei , Qiu Jiliang , Zhang Bin , Zhang Lu , Fang Jin , Li Minmin , Chen Luyan , Wang Fei , Liu Shuyi , Zhang Shuixing 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMicrovascular invasion (MVI) is a critical prognostic factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it could only be obtained by postoperative histological examination.PurposeTo develop an end‐to‐end deep‐learning models based on MRI images for preoperative prediction of MVI in HCC patients who underwent surgical resection.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationTwo hundred and thirty‐seven patients with histologically confirmed HCC.Field strength1.5 T and 3.0 T.SequenceAxial T2‐weighted (T2‐w) with turbo spin echo sequence, T2‐Spectral Presaturation with Inversion Recovery (T2‐SPIR), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging with fat suppressed enhanced T1 high‐resolution isotropic volume examination.AssessmentThe patients were randomly divided into training (N = 158) and validation (N = 79) sets. Data augmentation by random rotation was performed on the training set and the sample size increased to 1940 for each MR sequence. A three‐dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) was used to develop four deep‐learning models, including three single‐layer models based on single‐sequence, and fusion model combining three sequences. MVI status was obtained from the postoperative pathology reports.Statistical TestsThe dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) were applied to assess the similarity and reproducibility between the manual segmentations of tumor from two radiologists. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate model performance. MVI was identified in 92 (38.8%) patients. Good reproducibility with interobserver DSCs of 0.90, 0.89, and 0.89 and HDs of 4.09, 3.67, and 3.60 was observed for PVP, T2WI, and T2‐SPIR, respectively. The fusion model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81, sensitivity of 69%, and specificity of 79% in the training set and 0.72, sensitivity of 55%, and specificity of 81% in the validation set.Data Conclusion3D CNN model may serve as a noninvasive tool to predict MVI in HCC, whereas its accuracy needs to be enhanced with larger cohort.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Repeatability of dynamic 3D phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) ventilation MR Imaging in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy volunteers
Authors: Klimeš Filip , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Obert Arnd J. , Pöhler Gesa H. , Grimm Robert , Behrendt Lea , Crisosto Cristian , Glandorf Julian , Moher Alsady Tawfik , Wacker Frank , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundA previous study has demonstrated the feasibility of 3D phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic pulmonary disease. Before clinical use, the repeatability of the ventilation parameters derived from 3D PREFUL MRI must be determined.PurposeTo evaluate repeatability of 3D PREFUL and to compare with pulmonary functional lung testing (PFT).Study TypeProspective.PopulationFifty‐three healthy subjects and 13 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Field Strength/SequenceA prototype 3D stack‐of‐stars spoiled‐gradient‐echo sequence at 1.5 T.AssessmentStudy participants underwent repeated MRI examination (median time interval between scans COPD/healthy subjects [interquartile range]: 7/0 days [6–8/0–0 days]) and one PFT carried out at the time of the baseline MRI. For 3D PREFUL, regional ventilation (RVent) and flow‐volume loops were computed and rated by cross‐correlation (CC). Also, ventilation time‐to‐peak (VTTP) was computed. Ventilation defect percentage (VDP) maps were obtained for RVent and CC.Statistical TestsRepeatability of 3D PREFUL parameters was evaluated using Bland–Altman analysis, coefficient of variation (COV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The relation between 3D PREFUL and PFT measures (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r).ResultsIn healthy subjects and COPD patients, no significant bias (all P range: 0.09–0.77) and a moderate to good repeatability of RVent, VTTP, and VDPRVent were found (COV range: 0.1%–18.2%, ICC range: 0.51–0.88). For CC and VDPCC moderate repeatability was found (COV range: 0.6%–43.6%, ICC: 0.38–0.60). CC, VDPRVent, and VDPCC showed a good correlation with FEV1 (all |r| > 0.58, all P < 0.05) and FEV1/FVC ratio (all |r| > 0.62, all P < 0.05).Data Conclusion3D PREFUL provided a good repeatability of RVent, VTTP, and VDPRVent and moderate repeatability of CC and VDPCC in healthy volunteers and COPD patients, and correlated well with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2