bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity is related to obesity and lipid alterations in Mexican college students (805.2)
Authors: Anaya‐Loyola Miriam , González‐Martínez Miguel , Aguilar‐Galarza Beatriz , Moreno‐Celis Ulisses , Sánchez‐Ugalde Diana , Melgar‐Quiñonez Hugo 
Published: June 2021

ELCSA (Encuesta Latinoamericana y del Caribe sobre Seguridad Alimentaria) has been validated and used in México for estimating Food Insecurity (FI). The objective of this study was to assess food insecurity in students from the Autonomous University of Queretaro, in México. A total of 662 students answered the ELCSA questionnaire, a food frequency questionnaire in addition, to a nutritional assessment based on weight, height, waist circumference, body composition and biochemical indexes including anemia, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. The 50.5% of students had some degree of FI, mainly emphasizing the mild (39.4 %). A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity were observed in students reporting severe‐FI than in those with mild and moderate FI. In contrast , the percentage of students with high body fat decreased with increasing severity of FI , even if the average value of % BF was not statistically different between IF‐students with mild and moderate (24.9 ±7.5 vs. 25.0±7.5, P > 0.05). Anemia affected 1.1% of students, being more prevalent the micro and macrocytic types in those students with FI. Severe FI‐students had the greatest number of cases with hypertriglyceridemia (33.3 %) and hypercholesterolemia (16.7%). According to the findings in this study, FI in Mexican college students could be an important factor related to the occurrence of overweight and obesity and its associated comorbidities among which include hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Autonomus University of Queretaro
Menaquinone benefits weight control and improves inflammatory biomarkers in high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats (815.1)
Authors: Kim Misung , Na Woori , Sohn Cheongmin 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin K is a co‐factor for γ‐glutamic carboxylase, which is an essential enzyme for the γ‐carboxylation of vitamin K‐dependent proteins. Menaquinone (vitamin K2) has been reported to have favorable effects on bone metabolism and energy metabolism. In the present study we investigated the effects of the long‐term supplementation effects of menaquinone on inflammatory status and weight control in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice. A total of twenty‐one male, 4‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were fed and randomly divided into 3 groups (7 animals in each group; randomized block design), a normal diet (ND), 45% HFD and a 45% HFD + menaquinone (HFD ‐K2) for 3 months. Weight change, adipose tissue weight and serum proinflammatory cytokines were determines.Compared with the ND, the HFD increased total fat mass, leptin, osteoprotogerine, and fasting blood glucose levels. Consumption of HFD containing menaquinone resulted in significantly less weight gain (12% less, p<0.05). Interestingly, menaquinone supplementation significantly decreased the total fat accumulation (p<0.05) and leptin levels (p<0.05) and reduced serum glucose by 17% compared with the HFD group.In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that menaquinone supplementation had favorable effects on weight control and body composition possibly through suppressing inflammation.Further studies on the mechanism of menaquinone supplementation in the regulation of body fat accumulation would provide valuable data on the prevention of lifestyle related disorders, including diabetes and obesity.Grant Funding Source: Funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in Korea(project no:2012R1A1A3012499
Propionate is a dominant inducer of bovine cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) expression (818.11)
Authors: Zhang Qian , Koser Stephanie , Donkin Shawn 
Published: June 2021

Expression of PCK1 is a critical control point for gluconeogenesis. Our objective was to determine the effects of propionate, insulin, and 8 Br‐cAMP (cAMP) on the bovine PCK1 promoter. Five promoter segments from ‐1238 to +221 relative to transcription initiation and nested 5’ truncation deletions at ‐815, ‐409, ‐281 and ‐85 to +221 were ligated to pGL3 Luciferase Reporter Vector and transfected into H4IIE cells. Following 5 h transfection, cells were exposed to treatments consisting of 2.5 mM propionate in combinations with insulin and cAMP for 23 h. Propionate induced (P<0.001) expression of all PCK1 promoter constructs (up to 8‐fold) over the control, and the induction was further enhanced for the promoter ‐1238 to +221 construct. In the presence of 0.1 mM cAMP, activity of the ‐1238 to +221 PCK1 promoter was linearly induced (P<0.0001) with increasing propionate (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 mM propionate induced PCK1 by 1.4, 1.8, 2.6, 6.2‐fold over 0 mM, respectively). With 1.0 mM cAMP, propionate (1.0 vs. 2.5 mM) did not increase PCK1 activity. Induction of the ‐409 to +221 PCK1 promoter construct with 0.1 mM cAMP, was repressed by 10 nM insulin but 2.5 mM propionate prevented this response (P<0.0001). The data demonstrate an inductive effect of propionate that is dominant to the repressive effects of insulin on the bovine PCK1 promoter.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA‐CSREES NRI Grant no. 2006‐35206‐16646
Resistant starch significantly alters gut microbiota and liver metabolome in mice fed a high fat diet (822.13)
Authors: Kieffer Dorothy , Martin Roy , Marco Maria , Kim Eun , Keenan Michael , Dunn Tamara , Adams Sean 
Published: June 2021

Resistant starch (RS) is a fermentable dietary fiber shown to alter gut hormones and modify the gut microbiome. Because RS impacts the gut microbiota, we hypothesize that RS changes gut‐derived signals reaching the liver by altering the gut microbiota and, in turn altering liver metabolism. To assess the effects of RS on the liver metabolome under obesogenic conditions, male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a 45% fat diet for 10 weeks supplemented with type 2 RS (10% by wt) or maltodextrin (n=15/group). As expected, increased cecal weights (by 55%, p<0.001) and significant changes in the cecal microbiome were observed. At the phylum level there was an increase in Bacteroidetes (by 53%, p<0.001) and decrease in Firmicutes (by 52%, p<0.001) in the RS‐fed group. Despite no differences in food intake, adiposity, liver weights and liver triglycerides, RS mice displayed markedly altered liver metabolites, in particular reduced liver amino acids (reduced 15‐52% for all measured amino acids except Gln), creatinine (by 40%, p<0.001) and urea (by 28%, p<0.001). These metabolites were equivalent in RS plasma vs. controls, suggesting that RS effects were due to changes specific to liver AA biochemistry or transport, and not simply due to lower blood AA. Reductions in these nitrogenous metabolites by RS may have implications in the dietary treatment of chronic kidney disease, and should provide important clues about gut‐derived signaling pathways that impact the liver.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: Danish Council for Strategic Research, USDA‐ARS Intramural Project 5306‐51530‐019‐00
Nine months of dietary supplementation of Omani fruits (pomegranate, figs and dates) improves the memory, anxiety and learning skills in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice (845.1)
Authors: Subash Selvaraju , Essa Musthafa , Al‐Adawi Samir , Al‐Asmi Abdullah , Vaishnav Ragini , Guillemin Gilles 
Published: June 2021

Active components present in the fruits have been shown to be neuro‐protective in different disease states including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have studied the comparative effect of 9 month dietary supplementation of pomegranate, figs and dates on the memory, anxiety and learning skills in AD mouse model. The experimental groups of APP‐transgenic mice from the age of 4 months were fed custom‐mix diets (pellets) containing 4% pomegranate or 4% figs or 4% dates. These experimental and control mice were examined at the age of 4‐5 months, 7‐8 months and 10‐11 months by Morris water maze test (for spatial memory &amp; learning ability), T maze test (for position discrimination learning ability), rota rod test (for psychomotor coordination), elevated plus maze test (for anxiety‐related behavior) and open field test to analyze the effect of diet rich in pomegranate, figs and dates on memory, anxiety and learning skills. AD mice without fruits in diet showed memory deficit, anxiety‐related behavior, and severe impairment in spatial learning ability, position discrimination learning ability and motor coordination compared to the wild type mice on the same diet. All the diets rich in 4% pomegranate or 4% figs or 4% dates fed tg mice showed a significant improvement above factors compared to the AD tg mice on diet without pomegranate or figs. The more effect was found in the animals fed with 4% pomegranate compared to 4% figs and 4% date pal fruit diets. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation of pomegranate; figs and dates may have the beneficial effect in reducing the risk, delaying the onset or slowing the progression of AD. Supported by a research grant from The Research Council, Oman (RC/AGR/FOOD/11/01)Grant Funding Source: Supported by a research grant from The Research Council, Oman (RC/AGR/FOOD/11/01).
Exercise tolerance in Gulf War veterans and relationship to deployment exposures (884.22)
Authors: Smith Webb , Klein Jacquelyn , Ndirangu Duncan , Chen Yang , Falvo Michael 
Published: June 2021

Exercise intolerance and post‐exertional malaise are common findings that persist in veterans of the 1990 ‐ 1991 Gulf War. Previous work has suggested that these symptoms are related to exposure to airborne hazards during deployment. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self‐report measures of exposure and fatigue with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performance. Ten male veterans (51.0±3.8 yrs; BMI: 30.0±5.1) completed health, exposure and fatigue questionnaires prior to a maximal exercise test to exhaustion on cycle ergometer. Exercise capacity was significantly reduced in this group and 40% had ventilatory limitations to exercise (i.e. ventilatory reserve < 30%). Exposure intensity was significantly associated with oxygen pulse (r = ‐0.69, p = 0.04), fatigue severity (r = 0.71, p = 0.03), and trends were observed for peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and uptake kinetics (p = 0.08). However, when categorized into low and high exposure groups, VO2 peak and uptake kinetics were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the low exposure group. Our preliminary findings in a small group of Gulf War veterans suggest that higher deployment‐related exposures may be associated with greater fatigue, reduced exercise capacity and slower VO2 kinetics. Future studies are necessary to better understand the health effects of airborne hazards exposures on cardiorespiratory function.Grant Funding Source: VA Grants 1I21RX001079‐01, 1I21CX000797‐01
Bedrest increases burden of mitochondrial DNA deletions in human muscle (956.1)
Authors: Cloutier Gregory , Kraytsberg Yevgenia , Khrapko Konstantin , Brooks Naomi , Safd Adeel , Roubenoff Ronnen , Castaneda‐Sceppa Carmen 
Published: June 2021

We explored whether muscle disuse (i.e. bed rest) contributes to mitochondrial (mt)DNA deletions in skeletal muscle. mtDNA deletions have been associated with various degenerative processes (e.g. sarcopenia) and sedentary behavior. Human muscle tissue from a small sample (n=3) taken before and after a 28‐day bed rest were subjected to mutational analysis using, a restriction digestion / long range digital PCR approach. Total DNA was digested with SnaBI, an enzyme with a single restriction site located in an area commonly removed in deleted mtDNA molecules. DNA was exposed to long‐range PCR capable of amplifying most of the mitochondrial genome. Restriction digestion rendered mtDNA un‐amplifiable, except for molecules with deletions. The actual number of molecules with deletions and types thereof were determined using highly diluted DNA samples, reaching single molecule per reaction, in multiple independent PCR reactions, so that molecules could be directly counted (“digital PCR”). We found an increase in the fraction of molecules with mtDNA deletions after bedrest, relative to intact wild type molecules. This finding suggests that disuse results in skeletal muscle mtDNA deletions. Further studies are needed to determine the association of these deletions with physiological and metabolic changes seen with disuse or sedentary behavior.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Ellison Medical Foundation, NSBRI‐NPFR00301, GCRC M01 RR00
Different fluid intake patterns across the week can be identified in German adults (LB378)
Authors: Guelinckx Isabelle , Husson François , Perrier Erica , Kemgang Stella , Klein Alexis , Josse Julie 
Published: June 2021

Food and fluid intake (FI) data are usually collected during one day with the assumption that this is representative of the daily intake of an individual. However, this assumption has never been validated. The aim of this analysis was to identify FI patterns of German adults using data of a Fluid Intake (FI) survey performed in spring 2012. FI of a national representative sample of German adults (N=1606; 18‐65 years; mean FI 2,5 ± 0,9 L/d) was recorded with a 24h fluid specific diary over 7 consecutive days. To identify FI pattern across the week an AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interactions) model was created and to cluster subjects with similar patterns a principle component analysis was performed. The results indicated 3 FI patterns, regardless of the mean weekly FI of an individual. The largest cluster of subjects (45% of total sample) consumed less fluid during the weekdays compared to the other clusters, however they increased their FI during the weekend. The 2nd cluster (31% of total sample) demonstrated the opposite behavior than the 1st cluster: after a high FI during the week they consumed less during the weekend. The FI pattern of the last cluster (24% of total sample) was stable during the beginning of the week, and then peaked on Friday to decrease again during the weekend. The identified FI patterns lead to conclude that individuals do change their FI behavior along the week, and FI of one day does not necessary reflect their daily FI. It remains to be determined if a specific behavior is more or less susceptible to health problems such as urinary tract infections and to behavior change programs.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Danone Nutriticia Research
The association between Vitamin B6 and cognitive decline is modified by inflammatory state (LB425)
Authors: Reginaldo Christina , Sawaensgri Hathairat , Scott Tammy , Rosenberg Irwin , Selhub Jacob , Paul Ligi 
Published: June 2021

Individuals with inflammatory conditions like CVD, diabetes, and cancer have low plasma pyridoxal 5’‐phosphate (PLP) levels, a marker of functional vitamin B6 deficiency. Prior studies suggest that during inflammation, PLP is mobilized to sites of inflammation to modulate immune response. This leads to low plasma PLP and reduces PLP available for neurotransmitter synthesis and their downstream signaling. These outcomes may affect cognition and depression.We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Nutrition and Memory in Elders (NAME) study to determine whether plasma PLP is associated with cognitive decline and inflammation.The NAME study includes cross‐sectional data on global cognition as measured by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a population of Boston‐area elderly (aged 60+).Using multivariate analysis, cognition was directly associated with PLP (p=0.045); but not with CRP (p=0.71). Using logistic regression analysis, the odds of having cognitive decline for diabetics were 130% higher than that of non‐diabetics (p<0.05). Subjects with diabetes also have 28% higher CRP and 15% lower PLP levels than subjects without diabetes, (p=0.003 and 0.001, respectively).Upon stratification by inflammatory state, cognition and PLP were directly associated in subjects without diabetes (p=0.049) and in subjects with CRP <3 mg/L (p=0.03).Overall, cognition was positively associated with PLP but not with CRP. While this study found diabetes to be associated with higher CRP, lower PLP, and cognitive decline, the lack of an association between cognition and CRP suggests that mechanisms underlying the relation between PLP and disease likely involve a generalized trigger of inflammation and a secondary disease specific inflammatory response not well characterized by CRP. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of more specific inflammatory markers on the association between PLP and disease.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA Cooperative Agreement 51520‐008‐045
Reduction of body weight by rutin is associated with an increase of brown adipose tissue mitochondrial biogenesis in high‐fat diet induced obese rat (LB430)
Authors: Seo Sangjin , Oh Soojung , Shin Yoonjin , Jung Sunyoon , Kim Yangha 
Published: June 2021

Rutin is one of phenolic compounds found in variable plant species. This study investigated the effect of rutin on obesity in high‐fat diet induced obese rats. Three weeks of male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups, and fed each experimental diets for 12 weeks: normal diet (NOR), 45% high‐fat diet (HF), and 45% high‐fat diet containing 0.1% rutin (HF+Rutin). Rutin reduced the final body weight by 7.9% compared to the HF group. The white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and the lipid‐droplet size were decreased, while the brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass was increased in rats supplemented with rutin when compared to the HF group. The serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and LDL‐cholesterol were lower, whereas the serum HDL‐cholesterol level was higher in the rutin supplemented group. Hepatic total lipid, TG and total cholesterol levels were decreased in the rutin group compared to the HF group. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the number and size of mitochondria in the BAT and muscle were increased by rutin. The mRNA expression of adipogenic genes including SREBP‐1c, PPARγ and aP2 was down‐regulated, whereas genes related with mitochondria biogenesis such as PGC‐1α and UCP2 were up‐regulated in the rutin group. These results suggested that rutin may have beneficial effect on obesity, which is partially mediated via regulation of mRNA expression related to adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis.Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 plus project funding (No.22A20130012143)
Decreasing the biological drive toward weight gain by increasing energy flux (LB431)
Authors: Foright Rebecca , Paris Hunter , Werth Kelsey , Larson Lauren , Beals Joseph , Wilburn Jessie , Davis Janelle , Bell Christopher , Melby Christopher 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Weight regain after weight loss is the experience of most obese dieters.Metabolic adjustments characterized by decreased resting energy expenditure (REE) and increased hunger can prevent long‐term success. Possibly this energy gap could be attenuated by a high flux (HF) state (higher expenditure coupled with higher intake). Methods: 5 obese adults [age (x̅ ± SD) =46±10 BMI=35.0±3.7 kg/m2] underwent 7% weight loss and were stabilized at this weight for 3 weeks. REE via indirect calorimetry, and hunger via visual analog scale were then examined during two 4‐day conditions of energy balance in random order: Low Flux (LF)‐Sedentary with energy intake (EI)=REE x1.35; and HF‐Daily exercise net energy cost of ~500 kcal/d and EI= REE x1.7. Results: Average 5 day weight did not differ between HF (96.9kg) and LF (96.5kg) (p>0.10). Average daily REE was higher during HF (1816±227 kcal/day) compared to LF (1747±221 kcal/day) (p= 0.07). Average perceived hunger was lower during HF (93.9±24.1) compared to LF (93.8±7.0) (p= 0.056). Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that high flux is associated with a greater REE and less hunger, which may protect against weight regain.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station
Physical Activity and Metabolic Risk Factors among Jamaican Adolescents (LB443)
Authors: Barrett Sheila , Huffman Fatma , Johnson Paulette , Campa Adriana , Magnus Marcia , Ragoobirsingh Dalip 
Published: June 2021

The study examined relationships between physical activity (PA) and Metabolic Syndrome (METS) in Jamaican adolescents. A descriptive, cross‐sectional survey examined 276 students from 10 Jamaican high schools. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria determined the metabolic risks. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children measured PA levels.Mean age was 15.6 (±1.2). Percentage of subjects classified with METS varied by criterion used; IDF (6.9 %) and NCEP (12.4%). While 56% of the subjects classified with METS were physically inactive, logistic regression showed no relationships between PA and individual METS risk factors overall (p>0.05). Females were 15 times less physically active and had significantly (p<0.05) higher waist circumference (WC) than males, whereas, males had significantly (p<0.05) higher fasting blood glucose levels. Although urban adolescents had higher PA than rural adolescents, they had significantly (p<0.05) higher WC; one of the determinants of METS by IDF’s standard. Similarly, under the IDF’s classification, Blacks had significantly higher numbers of METS risk factors (p<0.05) compared to non‐Blacks.Jamaican adolescents are at risk for METS irrespective of levels of PA. Living in urban areas, being female, and being Black increased the risk for METS. NCEP guidelines classified more subjects with METS compared with IDF’s. Intervention measures are needed to reduce METS risk factors among this population.Grant Funding Source: Dissertation Year Fellowship, Florida International University
Food and nutrition insecurity among clients of anti‐retroviral therapy clinics in Accra, Ghana (LB451)
Authors: Aryeetey Richmond , Esi Colecraft , Wanke Christine 
Published: June 2021

HIV‐infected persons have poorer treatment adherence and clinical outcomes if food insecure. Food insecurity and malnutrition was assessed in clients seeking routine ARV treatment in two hospitals in Accra. We surveyed 298 voluntarily‐participating ARV clients at Korle‐Bu and Police Hospitals in Accra using the Household Food insecurity assessment scale, a 24‐hr dietary recall tool, and measured weight and height of clients. About 53% of clients reported hunger or reduced food intake in the last month; 13% reported frequently going to bed hungry. A total of 56% were classified moderate‐ or severely food insecure. Eleven percent were chronically undernourished (BMI<18.5kg/m2) and 35% were overweight or obese (BMI>25kg/m2). Almost all clients had lower than RDA intake for iodine (97.7%), Vitamin A (85.6%), and folate (96%) in the last 24 hours. Food insecurity was significantly associated with low intake of zinc (p<0.01), folate (p=0.02), and vitamin C (p<0.01), and also low educational status, and quality of life. Sustainable interventions are needed to address food insecurity among PLHIV in Ghana to improve ART outcomes.Grant Funding Source: Lifespan/Tufts/Brown Center for AIDS Research (CFAR):710‐9912‐8985