bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patientenindividuelle glenoidale Implantate in der Schulterendoprothetik
Authors: Petermann M. , Agneskirchner J. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung ausgeprägter glenoidaler Knochendefekte ist herausfordernd. Patientenindividuelle glenoidale Implantate stellen diesbezüglich ein neues Verfahren dar, welches mit enormen potenziellen Vorteilen behaftet ist. Die eigenen Erfahrungen zeigen, dass mit dieser Technologie einerseits der glenoidale Knochendefekt reproduzierbar wiederherzustellen ist und andererseits eine stabile Verankerung und eine hochpräzise Implantatpositionierung entsprechend der präoperativen Planung erzielt werden kann. Dies stellt sich besonders im Vergleich zu Alternativverfahren, wie der knöchernen Glenoidaugmentation, als substanzieller Vorteil der Technik für diese häufig hochdefizitären und anspruchsvollen Situationen dar. Nach Durchführung einer Computertomographie (CT) der Schulter wird präoperativ das individuelle Implantatdesign dreidimensional detailliert computergestützt geplant. Von zentraler Bedeutung für die korrekte und planungsgetreue Positionierung des definitiven Implantats während der Operation ist eine präzise Einbringung eines Kirschner-Drahts mittels PSI(„patient specific instrumentation“)-Guide.. Nach Fixation der glenoidalen Komponente kann diese mit Standardimplantaten des jeweiligen Systems kombiniert werden. Die aktuell vorhandene Literatur ist ermutigend und zeigt, dass kurzfristig signifikante klinische Erfolge mit dem Verfahren erzielbar sind. Weitere Forschung im Sinne von biomechanischen Untersuchungen und längeren Nachuntersuchungszeiträumen ist wünschenswert, um die Wertigkeit des Verfahrens weiter zu präzisieren.
Quantitative Regularity for the Navier–Stokes Equations Via Spatial Concentration
Authors: Barker Tobias , Prange Christophe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with quantitative estimates for the Navier–Stokes equations. First we investigate the relation of quantitative bounds to the behavior of critical norms near a potential singularity with Type I bound $$\Vert u\Vert _{L^{\infty }_{t}L^{3,\infty }_{x}}\le M$$

‖
u
‖

L
t
∞

L
x

3
,
∞

≤
M

. Namely, we show that if $$T^*$$

T
∗

is a first blow-up time and $$(0,T^*)$$

(
0
,

T
∗

)

is a singular point then $$\begin{aligned} \Vert u(\cdot ,t)\Vert _{L^{3}(B_{0}(R))}\ge C(M)\log \Big (\frac{1}{T^*-t}\Big ),\,\,\,\,\,\,R=O((T^*-t)^{\frac{1}{2}-}). \end{aligned}$$

‖
u

(
·
,
t
)

‖

L
3

(

B
0

(
R
)

)

≥
C

(
M
)

log

(

1

T
∗

-
t

)

,

R
=
O

(

(

T
∗

-
t
)

1
2

-

)

.

We demonstrate that this potential blow-up rate is optimal for a certain class of potential non-zero backward discretely self-similar solutions. Second, we quantify the result of Seregin (Commun Math Phys 312(3):833–845, 2012), which says that if u is a smooth finite-energy solution to the Navier–Stokes equations on $${\mathbb {R}}^3\times (0,1)$$

R

3

×

(
0
,
1
)

with $$\begin{aligned} \sup _{n}\Vert u(\cdot ,t_{(n)})\Vert _{L^{3}({\mathbb {R}}^3)}<\infty \,\,\,\text {and}\,\,\,t_{(n)}\uparrow 1, \end{aligned}$$

sup
n

‖
u

(
·
,

t

(
n
)

)

‖

L
3

(

R

3

)

<
∞

and

t

(
n
)

↑

1
,

then u does not blow-up at $$t=1$$

t
=
1

. To prove our results we develop a new strategy for proving quantitative bounds for the Navier–Stokes equations. This hinges on local-in-space smoothing results (near the initial time) established by Jia and Šverák (2014), together with quantitative arguments using Carleman inequalities given by Tao (2019). Moreover, the technology developed here enables us in particular to give a quantitative bound for the number of singular points in a Type I blow-up scenario.
Rise and fall of total mesorectal excision with lateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 11,366 patients
Authors: Anania Gabriele , Davies Richard Justin , Arezzo Alberto , Bagolini Francesco , D’Andrea Vito , Graziosi Luigina , Di Saverio Salomone , Popivanov Georgi , Cheruiyot Isaac , Cirocchi Roberto , Donini Annibale 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The role of lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) during total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer is still controversial. Many reviews were published on prophylactic LLND in rectal cancer surgery, some biased by heterogeneity of overall associated treatments. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to perform a timeline analysis of different treatments associated to prophylactic LLND vs no-LLND during TME for rectal cancer.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS and WOS for publications up to 1 September 2020. We considered RCTs and CCTs comparing oncologic and functional outcomes of TME with or without LLND in patients with rectal cancer.

Results
Thirty-four included articles and 29 studies enrolled 11,606 patients. No difference in 5-year local recurrence (in every subgroup analysis including preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy), 5-year distant and overall recurrence, 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival was found between LLND group and non LLND group. The analysis of post-operative functional outcomes reported hindered quality of life (urinary, evacuatory and sexual dysfunction) in LLND patients when compared to non LLND.

Conclusion
Our publication does not demonstrate that TME with LLND has any oncological advantage when compared to TME alone, showing that with the advent of neoadjuvant therapy, the advantage of LLND is lost. In this review, the most important bias is the heterogeneous characteristics of patients, cancer staging, different neoadjuvant therapy, different radiotherapy techniques and fractionation used in different studies. Higher rate of functional post-operative complications does not support routinely use of LLND.
R1441G but not G2019S mutation enhances LRRK2 mediated Rab10 phosphorylation in human peripheral blood neutrophils
Authors: Fan Ying , Nirujogi Raja S. , Garrido Alicia , Ruiz-Martínez Javier , Bergareche-Yarza Alberto , Mondragón-Rezola Elisabet , Vinagre-Aragón Ana , Croitoru Ioana , Gorostidi Pagola Ana , Paternain Markinez Laura , Alcalay Roy , Hickman Richard A. , Düring Jonas , Gomes Sara , Pratuseviciute Neringa , Padmanabhan Shalini , Valldeoriola Francesc , Pérez Sisqués Leticia , Malagelada Cristina , Ximelis Teresa , Molina Porcel Laura , Martí Maria José , Tolosa Eduardo , Alessi Dario R. , Sammler Esther M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHeterozygous gain-of-kinase function variants in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) cause 1–2% of all cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD) albeit with incomplete and age-dependent penetrance. All pathogenic LRRK2 mutations reside within the two catalytic domains of LRRK2—either in its kinase domain (e.g. G2019S) with modest effect or its ROC-COR GTPase domain (e.g. R1441G/H) with large effect on LRRK2 kinase activity. We have previously reported assays to interrogate LRRK2 kinase pathway activity in human bio-samples measuring phosphorylation of its endogenous substrate Rab10, that mirrors LRRK2 kinase activation status. Here, we isolated neutrophils from fresh peripheral blood from 101 participants including 42 LRRK2 mutation carriers (21 with the G2019S and 21 with the R1441G mutations), 27 patients with idiopathic PD, and 32 controls. Using a dual approach, LRRK2 dependent Rab10 phosphorylation at Threonine 73 (pRab10Thr73) was measured by quantitative multiplexed immunoblotting for pRab10Thr73/total Rab10 as well as targeted mass-spectrometry for absolute pRab10Thr73 occupancy. We found a significant over fourfold increase in pRab10Thr73 phosphorylation in carriers of the LRRK2 R1441G mutation irrespective of clinical disease status. The effect of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, we show that LRRK2 phosphorylation at Serine 935 is not a marker for LRRK2 kinase activity in human neutrophils. When analysing pRab10Thr73 phosphorylation in post-mortem brain samples, we observed overall high variability irrespective of clinical and LRRK2 mutation status and attributed this mainly to the adverse effect of the peri- and post-mortem period on the stability of posttranslational modifications such as protein phosphorylation. Overall, in vivo LRRK2 dependent pRab10Thr73 phosphorylation in human peripheral blood neutrophils is a specific, robust and promising biomarker for significant LRRK2 kinase hyperactivation, as with the LRRK2 R1441G mutation. Additional readouts and/or assays may be needed to increase sensitivity to detect modest LRRK2 kinase activation, as with the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Our assays could be useful for patient stratification and target engagement studies for LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
Efficacy of an optimal ovarian cancer screening: a best-case scenario study based on real-world data
Authors: Steinkasserer Lena , Irmgard Delmarko , Weiss Tatjana , Dirschlmayer Walter , Mossig Michael , Zeimet Alain G. , Marth Christian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To date, ovarian cancer screening in asymptomatic women has not shown a mortality benefit. The aim of this simulation study was to outline the impact of different histological subtypes on a potential stage-shift, achieved by screening.

Methods
Real-world data were derived in the period of 2000–2017 from the Klinischen Tumorregister Austria. We estimated five-year overall survival (OS) of patients with ovarian cancer regarding different histological subtypes and FIGO stages. A theoretical model was generated predicting the trend of OS mediated by an eventual down-shifting of ovarian cancer from FIGO stage III/IV to FIGO stage I/II by screening, considering the influence of different histological subtypes.

Results
3458 ovarian cancer patients were subdivided according to histological subtypes and FIGO classification. Major difference in distribution of histological types was found between FIGO stage I/II and III/IV. A theoretical down-shift of tumors from high to low FIGO stages based on our registry calculations showed that the five-year OS would increase from 50% to nearly 80% by perfect screening.

Conclusion
In our simulation study, we showed that down-shifting ovarian cancers by successful screening might increase OS by 30 percentage point. Our results underscore the importance to recognize ovarian cancer as a heterogenous disease with distinct epidemiologic, molecular and clinical features. The individual characteristic of each histotype is of utmost impact on the definition of screening aims and may influence early detection and stage-shift. Efficacy of screening is mainly dependent on detection of high-risk cancer types and not the slow growing low-grade types.
Targeting hepatocyte growth factor in epithelial–stromal interactions in an in vitro experimental model of human periodontitis
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoko , Saito Akira , Horie Masafumi , Aoki Akira , Micke Patrick , Ohshima Mitsuhiro , Kappert Kai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to progressive connective tissue degradation and loss of the tooth-supporting bone. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is involved in the dysregulated fibroblast–epithelial cell interactions in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore effects of HGF to impact fibroblast-induced collagen degradation. A patient-derived experimental cell culture model of periodontitis was applied. Primary human epithelial cells and fibroblasts isolated from periodontitis-affected gingiva were co-cultured in a three-dimensional collagen gel. The effects of HGF neutralizing antibody on collagen gel degradation were tested and transcriptome analyses were performed. HGF neutralizing antibody attenuated collagen degradation and elicited expression changes of genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, indicating that HGF signaling inhibition leads to extensive impact on cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions. Our study highlights a potential role of HGF in periodontitis. Antagonizing HGF signaling by a neutralizing antibody may represent a novel approach for periodontitis treatment.
Modelling the amphibian chytrid fungus spread by connectivity analysis: towards a national monitoring network in Italy
Authors: Costa Andrea , Dondero Lorenzo , Allaria Giorgia , Morales Sanchez Bryan Nelson , Rosa Giacomo , Salvidio Sebastiano , Grasselli Elena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe emerging amphibian disease, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is driving population declines worldwide and even species extinctions in Australia, South and Central America. In order to mitigate effects of Bd on amphibian populations, high-exposed areas should be identified at the local scale and effective conservation measures should be planned at the national level. This assessment is actually lacking in the Mediterranean basin, and in particular in Italy, one of the most relevant amphibian diversity hotspots in the entire region. In this study, we reviewed the available information on Bd in Italy, and conducted a 5-year molecular screening on 1274 individual skin swabs belonging to 18 species. Overall, we found presence of Bd in 13 species and in a total of 56 known occurrence locations for peninsular Italy and Sardinia. We used these occurrence locations and climate data to model habitat suitability of Bd for current and future climatic scenarios. We then employed electric circuit theory to model landscape permeability to the diffusion of Bd, using a resistance map. With this procedure, we were able to model, for the first time, the diffusion pathways of Bd at the landscape scale, characterising the main future pathways towards areas with a high probability of Bd occurrence. Thus, we identified six national protected areas that will become pivotal for a nationally-based strategic plan in order to monitor, mitigate and possibly contrast Bd diffusion in Italy.
Financial Network Connectedness and Systemic Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: So Mike K. P. , Chan Lupe S. H. , Chu Amanda M. Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic causes a huge number of infections. The outbreak of COVID-19 has not only caused substantial healthcare impacts, but also affected the world economy and financial markets. In this paper, we study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial market connectedness and systemic risk. Specifically, we test dynamically whether the network density of pandemic networks constructed by the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases is a leading indicator of the financial network density and portfolio risk. Using rolling-window Granger-causality tests, we find strong evidence that the pandemic network density leads the financial network density and portfolio risk from February to April 2020. The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic may exert significant impact on the systemic risk in financial markets.
Exercise Addiction in Athletes: a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Juwono Ignatius Darma , Tolnai Nóra , Szabo Attila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAthletes train on a pre-determined training schedule. Scheduled behaviors are difficult to become “addictive” because urges and cravings cannot be scheduled. Still, many scholars think that elite or competitive athletes can become addicted to their sport or exercise. The aim of this systematic literature review was to analyze scholastic papers on exercise addiction in athletes with a special view on their focus and prevalence estimates. Four databases were scrutinized, including PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, Crossref, and ScienceDirect, which resulted in 17 eligible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The bulk of these studies compared athletes to non-athletes and employed a cross-sectional design. Their results suggest that the risk of exercise addiction is greater in athletes than non-athletes, along with a prevalence rate of up to >40%, which is ten times greater than that reported in a population-wide study. These findings are in discord with the definition and conceptualization of exercise addiction, which, according to previous calls, begs for the urgent clearer conceptualization of exercise addiction.
MRI imaging features of HIV-related central nervous system diseases: diagnosis by pattern recognition in daily practice
Authors: Sakai Mio , Higashi Masahiro , Fujiwara Takuya , Uehira Tomoko , Shirasaka Takuma , Nakanishi Katsuyuki , Kashiwagi Nobuo , Tanaka Hisashi , Terada Hitoshi , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prognosis of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has improved, and the frequency of HIV-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases has decreased. Nevertheless, mortality from HIV-related CNS diseases, including those associated with ART (e.g., immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) remains significant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the outlook for people with HIV through early diagnosis and prompt treatment. For example, HIV encephalopathy shows a diffuse bilateral pattern, whereas progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HIV-related primary CNS lymphoma, and CNS toxoplasmosis show focal patterns on MRI. Among the other diseases caused by opportunistic infections, CNS cryptococcosis and CNS tuberculosis have extremely poor prognoses unless diagnosed early. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome shows distinct MRI findings from the offending opportunistic infections. Although distinguishing between HIV-related CNS diseases based on imaging alone is difficult, in this review, we discuss how pattern recognition approaches can contribute to their early differentiation.
Außerunterrichtliches Peer Tutoring mit deutsch-türkischsprachigen Grundschulkindern: Umsetzungsgenauigkeit und Umfang von bilingualer Kommunikation
Authors: Decristan Jasmin , Schastak Martin , Reitenbach Valentina , Rauch Dominique 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert die Implementation von außerunterrichtlichen Peer Tutoring-Trainings im Lesen und Rechnen mit türkisch-deutschsprachigen Grundschulkindern. Hierbei bildeten jeweils zwei Grundschulkinder (Peers) ein Tandem, das von einer geschulten studentischen Trainingsleitung angeleitet wurde. Zur Erfassung der Implementation von Peer Tutoring-Elementen unter diesen Bedingungen wurde die Umsetzungsgenauigkeit herangezogen. Eine Besonderheit der Studie war, dass es einem Teil der Trainingsgruppen erlaubt war, beide Sprachen während des Trainings zu sprechen. Für die bilinguale Kommunikation wurden zusätzliche Operationalisierungen geprüft, um die Umsetzung bilingualer Kommunikation zu erfassen. Darüber hinaus wird im Beitrag konsequent zwischen der Implementation durch Trainingsleitungen und durch Lernende unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die hohe Umsetzungsgenauigkeit der außerunterrichtlichen Peer Tutoring-Trainings. Sie zeigen aber auch auf, dass die Lernenden in diesem Setting nur wenig miteinander in ihrer Herkunftssprache kommunizierten und mehr türkischsprachige Impulse durch Trainingsleitungen nicht mit mehr bilingualer Kommunikation durch die Lernenden einherging. Der Beitrag liefert somit weitere Erkenntnisse zur Aktivierung und zum Umfang bilingualer Kommunikation beim kooperativen Lernen.
Composites based on graphite oxide and zirconium phthalocyanines with aromatic amino acids as photoactive materials
Authors: Gerasymchuk Yuriy , Tahershamsi Leili , Tomala Robert , Wedzynska Anna , Chernii Viktor , Tretyakova Iryna , Korona-Glowniak Izabela , Rajtar Barbara , Malm Anna , Piatek Dominika , Lukowiak Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article is a part of a scientific project focused on obtaining a new type of composite materials that are characterized by singlet oxygen generation upon irradiation with red light, which can be used as antibacterial agents. The composite material is nanoscale graphite oxide (GO) particles covalently bonded to an axially substituted zirconium phthalocyanine complex. For this purpose, two phthalocyanine zirconium complexes, axially mono-substituted with 4-aminosalicylic or 4-aminophthalic acids, were prepared and measured in terms of structure, morphology, and spectroscopic properties. The zirconium phthalocyanines are photosensitizers, and the axial ligands are bridging links connecting the complexes to the GO carrier (due to their terminal amino groups and carboxyl groups, respectively). The axial ligand in zirconium phthalocyanine complexes has a strong influence on the stability and optical properties of composite materials and, consequently, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this paper, the effect of composite components (4-aminophthalato or 4-aminosalicylato substituted zirconium phthalocyanine complex as a photosensitizer and graphite oxide as a carrier and modulator of the action of active components) on ROS generation for potential antibacterial use is discussed.
Towards an Equitable Digital Society: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR)
Authors: Elliott Karen , Price Rob , Shaw Patricia , Spiliotopoulos Tasos , Ng Magdalene , Coopamootoo Kovila , van Moorsel Aad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the digital era, we witness the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) to solve problems, while improving productivity and efficiency. Yet, inevitably costs are involved with delegating power to algorithmically based systems, some of whose workings are opaque and unobservable and thus termed the “black box”. Central to understanding the “black box” is to acknowledge that the algorithm is not mendaciously undertaking this action; it is simply using the recombination afforded to scaled computable machine learning algorithms. But an algorithm with arbitrary precision can easily reconstruct those characteristics and make life-changing decisions, particularly in financial services (credit scoring, risk assessment, etc.), and it could be difficult to reconstruct, if this was done in a fair manner reflecting the values of society. If we permit AI to make life-changing decisions, what are the opportunity costs, data trade-offs, and implications for social, economic, technical, legal, and environmental systems? We find that over 160 ethical AI principles exist, advocating organisations to act responsibly to avoid causing digital societal harms. This maelstrom of guidance, none of which is compulsory, serves to confuse, as opposed to guide. We need to think carefully about how we implement these algorithms, the delegation of decisions and data usage, in the absence of human oversight and AI governance. The paper seeks to harmonise and align approaches, illustrating the opportunities and threats of AI, while raising awareness of Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR) as a potential collaborative mechanism to demystify governance complexity and to establish an equitable digital society.
Successive approximations for random coupled Hilfer fractional differential systems
Authors: Si Bachir Fatima , Abbas Saïd , Benbachir Maamar , Benchohra Mouffak 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the global convergence of successive approximations as well as the uniqueness of the random solution of a coupled random Hilfer fractional differential system. We prove a theorem on the global convergence of successive approximations to the unique solution of our problem. In the last section, we present an illustrative example.