bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of energy and fat content labeling on food consumption pattern: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Agarwal Deepali , Ravi Priyanka , Purohit Bharathi , Priya Harsh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Context
Consumption of high-energy food has increased globally, thereby leading to an increase in many diseases. One strategy for addressing this is to make people aware of their energy intake through energy and fat labels. However, the effectiveness of this remains debatable.

Objective
This review aims to pool the mixed outcomes of recent studies assessing the effect of energy and fat content labeling on food consumption pattern.

Data Sources
Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Randomized controlled and quasi-experimental controlled trials published from 2014 to 2019 were included.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers screened 413 abstracts independently. Qualitative and quantitative data was extracted from 10 articles; meta-analysis was carried out on 6 of those studies.

Results
The majority of the included papers were conducted in the regions of America, the Western Pacific, and Europe. Overall, the 6 studies claimed that labeling did not reduce the consumption of energy or fat. However, meta-analysis showed that fat and energy content labeling of food had a statistically significant effect on consumption. Subgroup analysis showed no difference with respect to types of labels, ie, context labeling vs traffic-light labeling, but energy content labels seemed to be more effective than fat content labels in influencing healthy food choices.

Conclusion
Energy and fat content labeling were shown to reduce the consumption of each significantly. However, the outcome was influenced by the study setting and the population concerned. There is a need for research in other regions in order to assess the global effectiveness of nutrition labels on food consumption.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020172675.
Post-traumatic tenosynovial chondromatosis following a triquetrum fracture: a case report
Authors: Mangual Danny , Olivella Gerardo , Ramirez Norman , Astacio Eric , Bibiloni Juan , Foy-Parrilla Christian 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Tenosynovial chondromatosis (TC) is a rare progressive benign tumor from the synovial lining of tendon sheath. The TC mostly affects males between the ages 30 to 50 years old at the ventral side of wrist. There are two different forms of TC that have been proposed in previous studies: an idiopathic cause (primary TC) and a joint related diseases cause (secondary TC). Even though trauma has been written to be a common reason for TC, a case of a secondary TC affecting the dorsal wrist following a triquetrum fracture has never been written before. The aim of this report is to present a rare case of a solitary post-traumatic TC at the dorsal wrist following a triquetrum fracture. We describe the clinical presentation, imaging modalities, histopathological and treatment challenges to manage this difficult lesion.
A near miss: subclinical saddle pulmonary embolism diagnosed by handheld ultrasound
Authors: Skipina Travis M , Petty S Allan , Kelly Christopher T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition characterized by occlusive disease of the pulmonary vasculature. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of right ventricular strain patterns have high specificity and low sensitivity for diagnosis. Here, we describe a patient with a saddle PE and low pre-test probability who was diagnosed primarily by handheld POCUS.
Case Report: An 80-year old female was admitted to the intensive care unit with hypotension and lactic acidosis. She also had mild leukocytosis and troponinemia. No other clinical or metabolic abnormalities were present. After transfer to the floor, handheld POCUS demonstrated D-sign and McConnell’s sign. Computed tomography angiography showed a saddle PE involving both main pulmonary arteries. The patient was immediately initiated on anticoagulation without further complications.
Conclusion: Handheld POCUS is inexpensive, carries a low risk of harm and is an invaluable extension of the physical exam when interpreted in the appropriate context.
Cystic fibrosis and coeliac disease: a case report of an unusual association
Authors: Doya Leen Jamel , Hassan Naya Talal , Hajo Narmin , Bijow Fareeda Wasfy , Ibrahim Alexander , Ibrahim Ali 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Coeliac disease (CD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) are well known as the most common causes of chronic intestinal malabsorption in childhood. The coexistence of coeliac disease with cystic fibrosis is uncommon. Here, we describe the case of cystic fibrosis in a patient diagnosed with coeliac disease who failed to respond clinically to a gluten-free diet and had persistent steatorrhea and failure to thrive.
A rare case report of prune belly syndrome with malnutrition
Authors: Hakimi Turyalai , Ibrahimi Mohammad Akbar 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital malformation of unknown etiology characterized by a triad of deficient abdominal wall musculature, undescended testicles and urinary tract malformations. Most of the patients have pulmonary, cardiac, skeletal and gastrointestinal tract anomalies. Lack of abdominal muscles leads to constipation due to inability to perform Valsalva maneuver, which helps push the stool out of the rectum during the defecation. Additionally, frequent respiratory tract infections, persisting constipation and urinary tract infections lead to the development of malnutrition in children. We report this case to raise the awareness of low socioeconomic and low-resource medical settings that malnutrition could be existed or caused by PBS. We also encourage the expansion of pediatric surgery and family medicine training to increase the number of specialist (family medicine) to report and refer PBS in earlier phase, while working in rural areas and remote provinces.
Mush, Melts and Metasediments: a History of Rhyolites from the Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, as Captured in Plagioclase
Authors: Sas May , Shane Phil , Kuritani Takeshi , Zellmer Georg F , Kent Adam J R , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Okataina Volcanic Centre (OVC), located in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, is a dominantly rhyolitic magmatic system in an arc setting, where eruptions are thought to be driven by mafic recharge. Here, Sr–Pb isotopes, and compositional and textural variations in plagioclase phenocrysts from 10 rhyolitic deposits (two caldera, one immediately post-caldera, four intra-caldera, and three extra-caldera) are used to investigate the OVC magmatic system and identify the sources and assimilants within this diverse mush zone. Plagioclase interiors exhibit normal and reverse zoning, and are commonly in disequilibrium with their accompanying glass, melt inclusions, and whole-rock compositions. This indicates that the crystals nucleated in melts that differed from their carrier magma. In contrast, the outermost rims of crystals exhibit normal zoning that is compositionally consistent with growth in cooling and fractionating melts just prior to eruption. At the intra-crystal scale, the total suite of 87Sr/86Sr ratios are highly variable (0·7042–0·7065 ± 0·0004 average 2SE); however, the majority (95 %) of the crystals are internally homogeneous within error. At whole-crystal scale (where better precision is obtained), 87Sr/86Sr ratios are much more homogeneous (0·70512–0·70543 ± 0·00001 average 2SE) and overlap with their host whole-rock Sr isotopic ratios. Whole-crystal Pb isotopic ratios also largely overlap with whole-rock Pb ratios. The plagioclase and whole-rock isotopic compositions indicate significant crustal assimilation (≥20 %) of Torlesse-like metasediments (local basement rock) by a depleted mid-ocean ridge mantle magma source, and Pb isotopes require variable fluid-dominant subduction flux. The new data support previous petrogenetic models for OVC magmas that require crystal growth in compositionally and thermally distinct magmas within a complex of disconnected melt-and-mush reservoirs. These reservoirs were rejuvenated by underplating basaltic magmas that serve as an eruption trigger. However, the outermost rims of the plagioclase imply that interaction between silicic melts and eruption-triggering mafic influx is largely limited to heat and volatile transfer, and results in rapid mobilization and syn-eruption mixing of rhyolitic melts. Finally, relatively uniform isotopic compositions of plagioclase indicate balanced contributions from the crust and mantle over the lifespan of the OVC magmatic system.
Advancing health equity through a theoretically critical implementation science
Authors: Snell-Rood Claire , Jaramillo Elise Trott , Hamilton Alison B , Raskin Sarah E , Nicosia Francesca M , Willging Cathleen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While implementation science is driven by theory, most implementation science theories, models, and frameworks (TMF) do not address issues of power, inequality, and reflexivity that are pivotal to achieving health equity. Theories used in anthropology address these issues effectively and could complement prevailing implementation science theories and constructs. We propose three broad areas of theory that complement and extend existing TMF in implementation science to advance health equity. First, theories of postcoloniality and reflexivity foreground attention to the role of power in knowledge production and to the ways that researchers and interventionists may perpetuate the inequalities shaping health. Second, theories of structural violence and intersectionality can help us to better understand the unequal burden of health disparities in the population, thereby encouraging researchers to think beyond single interventions to initiate partnerships that can impact overlapping health vulnerabilities and influence the upstream causes of vulnerability. Finally, theories of policy and governance encourage us to examine the social-political forces of the “outer context” crucial for implementation and sustainability. The incorporation of critical theories could enhance implementation science and foster necessary reflexivity among implementation scientists. We contend that a theoretically critical implementation science will promote better science and, more importantly, support progress toward health equity.
The possible effects of mono butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on INS-1 pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Karabulut Gözde , Barlas Nurhayat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mono-2-ethyhexyl phthalate (MEHP), an environmental xenoestrogen, is widely used in the production of polyvinyl chloride materials and can be easily accumulated in human body. MBP is the active monoester metabolite of di butyl phthalate that is widely used as plasticizer in many products such as plastic toys, food packaging, personal care products, as well as an additive in lubricants, eliminating foams, and lotions. The presented in-vitro cytotoxicity study focused on time-dependent and combinatory exposure scenarios. We chose these phthalates because they are posed a considerable interest because of their contribution to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and obesity. All experiments performed in INS-1 pancreatic beta cells show moderate cytotoxicity with a time-dependent increase in effectiveness. INS-1 cells were treated with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10-μM MEHP and MBP for 24, 48, and 72 h. Our results showed that cell viability was decreased and total oxidant levels were increased. Also, mRNA expression levels with asscociated beta cells were measured and for MBP dose groups, all mRNA expression levels were decreased. In conclusion, these findings suggest that, MEHP and MBP are have a negative and distruptor role on pancreatic beta cells and it will be linked with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Mitochondrial Function and Anesthetic Sensitivity in the Mouse Spinal Cord
Authors: Woods Christian B. , Spencer Kira A. , Jung Sangwook , Worstman Hailey M. , Ramirez Jan-Marino , Morgan Philip G. , Sedensky Margaret M. 
Published: April 2021

Background

Ndufs4 knockout (KO) mice are defective in mitochondrial complex I function and hypersensitive to inhibition of spinal cord–mediated response to noxious stimuli by volatile anesthetics. It was hypothesized that, compared to wild-type, synaptic or intrinsic neuronal function is hypersensitive to isoflurane in spinal cord slices from knockout mice.

Methods
Neurons from slices of the vestibular nucleus, central medial thalamus, and spinal cord from wild-type and the global Ndufs4 knockout were patch clamped. Unstimulated synaptic and intrinsic neuronal characteristics were measured in response to isoflurane. Norfluoxetine was used to block TREK channel conductance. Cholinergic cells were labeled with tdTomato.

Results
All values are reported as means and 95% CIs. Spontaneous synaptic activities were not different between the mutant and control. Isoflurane (0.6%; 0.25 mM; Ndufs4[KO] EC95) increased the holding current in knockout (ΔHolding current, 126 pA [95% CI, 99 to 152 pA]; ΔHolding current P < 0.001; n = 21) but not wild-type (ΔHolding current, 2 7 pA [95% CI, 9 to 47 pA]; ΔHolding current, P = 0.030; n = 25) spinal cord slices. Knockout and wild-type ΔHolding currents were significantly different (P < 0.001). Changes comparable to those in the knockout were seen in the wild type only in 1.8% (0.74 mM) isoflurane (ΔHolding current, 72 pA [95% CI, 43 to 97 pA]; ΔHolding current, P < 0.001; n = 13), the control EC95. Blockade of action potentials indicated that the increased holding current in the knockout was not dependent on synaptic input (ΔHolding current, 154 pA [95% CI, 99 to 232 pA]; ΔHolding current, P = 0.506 compared to knockout without blockade; n = 6). Noncholinergic neurons mediated the increase in holding current sensitivity in Ndufs4 knockout. The increased currents were blocked by norfluoxetine.

Conclusions
Isoflurane increased an outwardly rectifying potassium current in ventral horn neurons of the Ndufs4(KO) mouse at a concentration much lower than in controls. Noncholinergic neurons in the spinal cord ventral horn mediated the effect. Presynaptic functions in Ndufs4(KO) slices were not hypersensitive to isoflurane. These data link anesthetic sensitivity, mitochondrial function, and postsynaptic channel activity.

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
The Rates and Risk Factors of Intra-Pedicular Accuracy and Proximal Facet Joint Violation for Single-Level Degenerative Lumbar Diseases
Authors: Zhang Ren-Jie , Zhou Lu-Ping , Zhang Lai , Zhang Hua-Qing , Ge Peng , Jia Chong-Yu , Zhang Yong , Zhang Jian-Xiang , Shen Cai-Liang 
Published: April 2021

Study Design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
To compare the accuracy of pedicle screw placement and proximal facet joint violation (FJV) in single-level degenerative lumbar diseases using cortical bone trajectory (CBT) and traditional trajectory (TT) techniques, and analyze their possible risk factors.

Summary of Background Data.
CBT screws have been utilized increasingly to improve cortical bone contact to prevent screw pullout and reduce approach-related morbidity. However, the studies on intra-pedicular accuracy and proximal FJV between the two methods are rare.

Methods.
A total of 40 patients who required single-level instruments were included in the retrospective study treated with the CBT-TLIF and the TT-TLIF at a 1:1 ratio from March 2019 to August 2020. The radiographic outcomes were the intra-pedicular accuracy and proximal FJV. Moreover, the possible risk factors were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results.
As for the intra-pedicular accuracy, 73 screws (91.3%) were classified as grade A, 7 screws (8.7%) classified as grade B in the CBT group. A total of 71 screws (88.8%) were graded A with remaining 8 screws (10.0%) graded B and 1 screw (1.2%) graded C in the TT group. The proportion of optimal and clinically acceptable screw positions in the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). In addition, the rate of proximal FJV in CBT approach (8.3%) was significantly lower than that in the TT approach (35.0%) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed the TT insertion approach and facet angle ≥45° were the independent risk factors for proximal FJV, but no factors above affected intra-pedicular accuracy.

Conclusion.
Compared with the TT approach in TLIF, the CBT approach showed similar intra-pedicular accuracy and remarkable superiority in proximal facet joint protection. Facet angle ≥45° is the independent risk factors for proximal FJV.

Level of Evidence: 2
The Legacy of Art in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Fernandes Julio Wilson 
Published: April 2021

Summary
The consistent relationship between surgery and art has been very well documented since 2000 BC. The close relationship between plastic surgery and art is historical and is still expected by the public and our patients. This article emphasizes the many links plastic surgery has with art, and presents a few practical examples of its reverberation in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery procedures. Based on his surgical and actual sculpting activities in the realm of contemporary art, the author elaborates on 7 contributions art education affords the plastic surgery praxis, as an incentive and a reflection of its value to the plastic surgeon’s life.
RARE CASE OF ABIOTROPHIA DEFECTIVA BLEB-ASSOCIATED ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Authors: Mustafi Debarshi , Tom Elysse S. , Yang Dong 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To report a rare case of Abiotrophia defectiva bleb-associated endophthalmitis.

Methods:
In this case report of a patient with bleb-associated endophthalmitis, the authors describe the features of severe and rapid onset, associated retinitis, and a favorable outcome after aggressive early intervention.

Results:
A 75-year-old woman presented decreased visual acuity of hand motions with an elevated intraocular pressure of 39 mmHg in the left eye. Her ocular history was notable for severe primary open-angle glaucoma with uneventful trabeculectomy and cataract surgery in both eyes 7 years before. Examination revealed conjunctival injection and an opaque avascular cystic bleb along with anterior chamber cellular reaction with a B-scan ultrasound concerning for vitritis. A. defectiva was isolated from the vitreous tap within 48 hours and confirmed later with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. After initial vitreous tap and inject and subsequent pars plana vitrectomy, her best-corrected visual acuity had improved to 20/500 at postoperative week one and then improved to 20/40 at postoperative month 2. Her examination was notable for resolved corneal edema, a deep and quiet anterior chamber, and resolved intraretinal hemorrhages.

Conclusion:
This is one of the first bleb-associated endophthalmitis cases with rapid identification of A. defectiva. A. defectiva was isolated from the initial vitreous tap within 48 hours and confirmed with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. This case highlights that rapid identification of A. defectiva may be indicative of a greater bacterial load and should prompt aggressive intervention and that the visual prognosis can be favorable.
Atopic Dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rustad Andrea M. , Nickles Melissa A. , Lio Peter A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A strong association has been established between Staphylococcus aureus and atopic dermatitis (AD). Although the exact mechanism of this relationship remains unclear, many studies have characterized differences in S. aureus between individuals with AD and unaffected controls. Patients with AD have higher cutaneous colonization with S. aureus, with increased bacterial density correlating with AD severity. S. aureus virulence factors can exacerbate the immune dysregulation seen in AD. Consequently, AD treatments have shifted to focus on S. aureus as a therapeutic target, including skin bacterial transplant and probiotics. In addition, traditional mainstays of AD treatment, such as corticosteroids, have been found to induce changes in the cutaneous microbiota and S. aureus levels, underscoring its importance in the pathogenesis of AD. Nonpharmacological treatments have been investigated as well, without definitive results. Both bacteriotherapy and nonpharmacological treatments merit continued study on their effects on S. aureus colonization and role in the treatment of AD.
Clinical Skin Examination for Melanoma in Underserved Patients
Authors: Diesner Kyla J. , Stratton Delaney B. , Flamm Kristie L. , Bouchard Lindsay A. , Loescher Lois J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this study was to educate primary care providers (PCPs), including family nurse practitioners (FNPs), about clinical skin examination (CSE) for melanoma in underserved patients using a digitally delivered video intervention. CSE was defined as melanoma risk assessment, head-to-toe skin examination, and skin lesion assessment.

Background
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States; melanoma is the deadliest type. PCPs do not typically perform CSE. Little is known about how PCPs learn about or conduct CSE for their underserved patients.

Methods
The information–motivation–behavioral skills (IMB) model guided this quality improvement project. All 14 PCPs employed in one federally qualified health center's six regional clinics were recruited. Participants completed an online pretest of the IMB model, the intervention (four brief videos covering melanoma in underserved populations and CSE), and an identical posttest 2 weeks postintervention.

Results
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Six (42.9%) participants enrolled: All were FNPs (mean age = 39.83 years, mean years of PCP experience = 3.33). Scores for the IMB model all improved on posttest. Participants reported increased CSEs in practice (mean = 1.33–9.50).

Conclusion
The results show strong potential for a brief video intervention to improve FNPs' CSE skills and motivate them to use those skills with underserved patients.
“Youth Photovoice”: Promoting Youth-Driven Community Changes for HIV Prevention in Rural Malawi
Authors: Lofton Saria , Norr Kathleen F. , Jere Diana , Patil Crystal , Banda Chimwemwe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To meet the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS global goal of no new HIV infections by 2030, it is imperative to reduce new infections among youth. Youth Photovoice was a 10-month, participatory, community-action research project developed to engage rural Malawi youth in an HIV prevention project focused on community-level outcomes. In this study, we describe how participants in Youth Photovoice engaged adults and community leaders to implement action plans, as well as the community and individual changes that occurred as a result of these collaborative efforts. Youth Photovoice participants, their parents, and local leaders in the community participated in focus groups and individual interviews. Community-level changes, such as moving initiation ceremonies to churches and changes to local business practices, were observed, along with increased community and parental involvement in youth monitoring for local events and activities. This youth-led project led to changes in the community environment that reduced exposure to situations supporting unsafe sex, uncovered ways that youth can lead collaborations with adults, and informed the implementation of plans for community action.