bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egyptian Mother’s Breast Milk: Protein and Lipid Content in Correlation with Growth of Their Newborns
Authors: Shaaban Sanaa Y , Hameed Enas Abd El , El Gendy Yasmin G Abdo , Abd Elazim Athar FM 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Infant growth is a big concern among the community, mothers and the pediatricians, this study focused on what can affect newborns growth in Egyptian community.

Objective
Primary objective to detect the relationships between protein and lipid content of the breast milk of Egyptian women with their infant’s growth. Secondary objective is to correlate protein and lipid content in the mother’s milk and their diet.

Patients and Methods
This is a cohort study done on 30 infant in Ain Shams University for a period of six months.history was taken by questionnaire about infant’s Gestational age. parity. Dietetic history of infant (breast fed, frequency of feeds),Mother’s age, education, address, body weight, height, BMI and maternal illness. Mother’s dietetic history by 24 hour recall.breast milk samples was collected by hand expression between 4 and 8 weeks of lactation, kept frozen at20 °C. Triglyceride (fat) concentrations were measured in homogenized HM samples using H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. For protein, total nitrogen was measured by the Dumas method.

Results
The growth rate range of infants under study was (18gm/day _ 28gm/day). Protein content of mother’s milk lowest value was 0.7gm, and highest value was 1.9gm. Lipid content of mother’s milk lowest value was 3.1gm, and highest value was 5.6gm. Lactose content of mother’s milk lowest value was 5.9gm, and highest value was 7.4gm.Caloric content of maternal diet lowest value was 1013kcal/day and highest value was 2818kcal/day. the protein of breast milk has a direct positive effect on Infant’s growthrate(r = 0.735,p=0.000)weight(r = 0.689,p=0.000)and z score(r = 0.573, p = 0.001).lipid content of breast milk has a positive effect on Infant’s growthrate(r = 0.677,p=0.000)weight(r = 0.742,p=0.000)and zscore(r = 0.592,p=0.001). Protein of maternal diet has an impact on the protein content of her breast milk(r = 0.719,p=0.000)and lipid content of breast milk(r = 0.712, p = 0.000).lipid of maternal diet has no effect on lipid content of breast milk(r = 0.127,p=0.52)and protein of breast milk (r = 0.118,p=0.536).caloric intake of mothers has positive effect on protein of breast milk(r = 0.599,p=0.000),and lipid of breast milk(r = 0.496,p=0.005).

Conclusion
Protein content of breast milk of mothers positively affects growth rate weight and height of their infants. (P value 0.000, 0.001,0.005 respectively). As protein content of breast milk exceeds 1.1gm/dl infant kept same or higher weight/height centile and z score. As lipid content of breast milk exceeds 4mg/dl infant kept same or higher weight/height centile and z score. Protein content of breast milk is positively affected by protein in maternal diet(r = 0.747,P 0.000) and her total caloric intake(r = 0.519,p 0.005).lipid content of breast milk is positively affected by protein content of maternal diet (r = 0.719,P 0.000)and her total caloric intake(r = 0.496,p 0.005).
Outcome of Lactoferrin Supplementation In Critically Ill Septic Children With Acute Gut Failure
Authors: Ibrahim Hanan M , Sabery Eriny E , Magdy Sondos M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by many infections. Septic patients may suffer from Gut failure resulting in severe complications. To improve Gut function, the effect of lactofferin supplementation has been studied.

Objective
To test the effect of lactoferrin supplementation on improving gut barrier function by using plasma citrulline level as a marker of functional enterocytic mass.

Patients and Methods
This double armed single blinded therapeutic clinical trial study was conducted on 40 children admitted to (PICUs) of Ain Shams University Hospitals. By diagnosis sepsis and gut failure, twenty of them weren't supplemented with LF (group 1) and the other twenty were supplemented (group 2). All critically ill septic patients diagnosed with acute gut failure admitted from October 2018 to 2019 were subjected to citrulline level measurement by (ELISA).

Results
We found that citrulline concentration was significantly lower in patients (9.52 nmol/L) than control group (122 nmol/L) and lowered in non survivors (5.13 nmol/L) than survivors (30.68 nmol/L) with p value of 0.027 and 0.034 respectively and a cut off value ≤ 7.82 mmol/L. There was no significant difference between the groups 1 and 2 in treatment of sepsis with gut failure.

Conclusion
(1) Citrulline level can be used as a predictor of intestinal failure severity and mortality. (2) Lactoferrin supplementation was not beneficial in pediatric septic patient with gut failure and did not improve outcome or prognosis of patients.
Evaluation Of Some Blood Biomarkers As Predictors Of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: El-Raggal Nehal M , Darweesh Yasser W , Hassan Azza M , Zaki Esraa R , Rabie Dina E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Necrotizing enterocolitis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates; however the lack of a reliable biomarker makes definite diagnosis difficult. Therefore, its early suspicion and proper management are important.

Objective
To evaluate the value of NLR, serum levels GGT, total serum bilirubin and serum Ca2+ concentrations for early diagnosis and prediction of NEC severity; and to make a predictive score for early diagnosis of NEC.

Patients and methods
A case control study which was conducted on neonates admitted to NICU, Children Hospital, Ain Shams University over a period of 6 months, fifty neonates were classified into two groups: the patients group included 25 neonates with NEC with a gestational age 28-36 weeks regardless of birth weight matched with control group which included 25 healthy preterm neonates, however we excluded neonates with congenital infectious diseases, perinatal asphyxia, severe birth defects, congenital digestive tract malformations, inherited metabolic diseases or parental refusal of enrollment.

Results
ROC curve of NEC diagnosis by NLR, serum GGT, total serum bilirubin and serum Ca2+ showed cut off: &gt; 1.13, &gt; 40 U/L, &gt; 0.95 mg/dl, &lt; 8.85 mg/dl respectively, Sensitivity 84, 92%, 84%, 84% respectively and Specificity 80%, 92%, 92%, 84% respectively; also beta-weighted score for prediction of NEC disease showed that NLR (Best cut off &gt; 1.13) or GGT (Best cut off &gt; 40 U/L could be helpful with sensitivity 92% and specificity 92%.

Conclusion
NLR, GGT, T.Bil and calcium levels could be good non-invasive markers for NEC disease prediction and also for its diagnosis.
The Frequency of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Asthmatic Patients, and Impact of OSA on Asthma Control
Authors: Abdel Ghaffar Hegazy Laila M , Allam Ahmad Mostafa , Helmy Marwa Salah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and asthma are common inflammatory respiratory diseases of childhood. The similarities between and the parallel rise of both diseases raise the question of whether OSA is indeed more common in asthmatic children.

Objectives
The present study is cross section study conducted on fifty children with bronchial asthma the aim of study was to evaluate the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in asthmatic patients, and impact of OSA on asthma control.

Patients and Methods
The present work is a Cross-sectional study conducted on fifty Children (27 females and 23 males) aging 5 to 18 years diagnosed as bronchial asthma following up in pulmonology clinic or admitted to pulmonology department in Pediatric Hospital- Ain Shams University. Patients were excluded from presence of any other chronic chest diseases, any congenital malformation in upper respiratory, any genetic disease or inborn error of metabolism, morbid obesity and other medical co morbidities that might interfere with sleep quality. All patients were subjected to full history taking, meticulous general and local chest examination, pulmonary function tests and exposed questionnaire: Asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) and OSA-18 quality of life questionnaire. Children were positive OSA with OSA-18 quality of life questionnaire referred to sleep study.

Results
54 % of cases were females and 46% were males. There mean age=10.1, mean of OSA score =75.6. 20% diagnosed OSA according to questionnaire. OSA score increased in patients with history of PICU and hospital admission. OSA score was highly correlated with severity and degree of control of bronchial asthma. 10% of children were positive OSA with OSA-18 quality of life questionnaire suggestive have obstructive sleep apnea according to polysomnogram.

Conclusion
OSA has a direct and significant impact on asthma severity and control. Asthma and OSA are common disorders, and the concomitant presence of both conditions can be detrimental. Due to the bidirectional association of both conditions, we as clinicians should be aware of it.
The Etiology of Portal Hypertension in Egyptian Children and Adolescents
Authors: El-Din Ahmed Lerine B , Abd Elaziz Asmaa W , Abdelmegeed Reham I , Battah Mayada Abd El-Rahman F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome in which the portal venous pressure gradient between portal vein and inferior vena cava exceeding 5mmHg. Clinically significant portal hypertension is diagnosed when clinical manifestations of the disease appear or the portal pressure gradient exceeding 10 mmHg. For better management, it is important to determine the underlying cause.

Objective
To evaluate the aetiology of portal hypertension in pediatric who attending the hepatology clinic at El-Demerdash hospital, Ain Shams University.

Materials and Methods
This cross sectional study was done in the department of pediatric hepatology clinic at El-Demerdash hospital, Ain Shams University on 91 consecutive cases of portal hypertension enrolled from 2016 to 2019. All pediatric patients were subjected to full history, clinical examination, investigations and questionnaire about effect of portal hypertension and its complications on QOL.

Results
Age of children and adolescent was 5 months to 16 years with mean age of 5.55±4.30y and male to female ration was 1.5:1. Out of 91 children (51, 56.1%) developed portal hypertension due to extrahepatic causes and (39, 42.9%) due to hepatic causes. In extrahepatic causes (portal vein thrombosis was found 36, (39.6%) and Budd Chiari syndrome 15(16.5%)). On the other hand, hepatic causes (cong. hepatic fibrosis (CHF) was found in 21(23.1%), cases, hepatic cirrhosis 12(13.2%), extrahepatic biliary atresia 3(3.3%) and autoimmune hepatitis with secondary hepatic fibrosis 3(3.3%)). In extrahepatic cases first variant bleed much earlier than hepatic cases.

Conclusion
Extrahepatic disease were the most common aetiology of portal hypertension in studied cases. Portal vein thrombosis in extrahepatic cases and congenital hepatic fibrosis in intrahepatic cases were the most common causes.
Psychological Assessment of a Sample of Egyptian Children and Adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: AbdelAziz Eman Amin , Ali Hanan Hassan , AbdelRaouf Batoul M , Mousa Mohamed Abdullah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is the most common type of diabetes in children. Besides the damaging effects of diabetes on various organs, cognitive changes are also very common. Changes in memory, executive function, attention and academic performance are among the most important impairments seen in children with diabetes.

Objectives
The aim of this work is to do psychological assessment of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at Ain Shams University paediatrics hospital including Health Related Quality of life assessment and DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing ADHD.

Patients and methods
This study is cross sectional case-control study included 140 cases divided into two groups group (A) includes seventy diabetic children recruited from the Paediatric Diabetes Clinic, paediatric hospital, Ain Shams University 35 males (50%) and 35 females(50%) age ranges from 6 to 14 years old with Mean±SD (9.56±2.25), group (B) includes seventy normal children 32 males(45.7%) and 38 females(54.3%) age ranges from 5 to 15.5 years old with Mean±SD (10.32 ± 2.93). Both groups were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination including Anthropometric measures i.e. weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), laboratory investigations includes HbA1C, CBC, Metabolic Profile, psychometric assessment includes DSM-5 criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Conners rating scale, health related quality of life ( HRQL) questionnaire, Pediatric Check List (PCL).

Results
Cases fulfilling criteria of ADHD (predominantly hyperactive type, predominantly inattentive type, mixed type) more than control group and difference was statistically significant, HRQOL of diabetic children shows lower score than those of the control group and difference was statistically highly significant.

Conclusion
Diabetes has an important impact on the psychosocial development of the children as they grow up.
Study of the Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Aplastic Anemia treated with Immunosuppressive Therapy at Ain Shams University Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Mohamed W , Matboly S , Morcy N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Aplastic anemia (AA) is life threatening disorder in pediatric age group with an increasing incidence nowadays. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant being the 1st line therapy; immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is the alternative therapy and is the most commonly used modality of treatment especially in the developing countries.

Aim of the Work
to assess the outcome of IST in children with severe and very severe AA.

Patients and Methods
Data for 23 children treated with IST from January 201 0 to January 201 9 (10 years) were retrieved from clinic records. IST included rabbit anti thymocyte globulin (ATG) along with cyclosporine A and another group were treated by sandimmune alone.

Results
Patient characteristics included median age (9) with 73.9% male and 26.1% female.
With median interval between diagnosis and start of IST 2(1 -5) months and around 30.4% with hepatitis A associated aplastic anemia. Complete response, and no response were seen in 4 (50%) patients and 4(50%) patients, respectively in patients received ATG and sandimune. While in patients received sandimune alone complete response, partial response and no response were seen in 7(46.7%) patients, 5 (33.3%) patients, and 3 (20%) patients respectively. The median time to best response in the whole cohort was 2 months. There was no difference in outcome related to severity of AA, or higher Hb or platelet level. There was a significantly better rate of response in both groups of patients with higher initial TLC count (p = 0.001) initial ANC (p = 0.002), initial ALC (p = 0.001), and initial ARC (p = 0.014) before start of IST. An overall response rate in both groups around of 43.47% reported a 5-year OS. With 45.5 of patients with complete response had HAAA. A delayed time to complete response with prolonged requirement of cyclosporine therapy was detected in the study.

Conclusion
In a developing country setting, IST with ATG and cyclosporine seems to be an alternative treatment for children with aplastic anemia lacking MRD.
Impact of PICU Admission on Neurocognitive Function in Children
Authors: Aly Rasha Hussein , Ahmed Ahmed Rezk , Zaitoun Raghda , Ai-Saeed Sarah Mohamed Nabil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To study the impact of admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) on children's neurocognitive performance.

Methods
A case–control observational study including 50 children & adolescents and 75 age and gender matched children and adolescents.The study subjects underwent formative IQ testing using the Stanford Binet IQ test 3 months after discharge from the PICU.

Results
27 males and 23 females with a mean age of 6.98 years were included in the study. Almost two thirds of the cases were admitted to the PICU post operatively (surgical causes). More than half of the cases needed sedation, 38% needed mechanical ventilation and 12% needed inotropic support. There was no statistically significant difference between cases and controls are regard IQ scores (total, verbal and performance IQ scores), neither was there a difference between medical and surgical cases. Data from similar pediatric cohorts is conflicting.

Conclusion
PICU does not seem to affect cognitive outcome in pediatric survivors. Further long term studies using standard scoring systems and time points of assessment are required.
Outcome of Cyclophosphamide versus Mycophenolate Mofetil in Induction of remission in Pediatrics Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Salama Ashraf Abdel Baki , Mohamed Shimaa Sobhy , Radwan Nesrine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Systemic lupus Erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by antibodies directed against self-antigens, resulting in multi-organ damage. Up to 20% of cases are diagnosed during childhood with 55% of these patients are expected to develop lupus nephritis (LN).

Objective
At comparing the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil versus pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide in induction of remission in pediatric patients with lupus nephritis.

Subjects and Methods
This is a retrospective study that was conducted in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain-Shams University from the period of December 2007 to January 2017 on 65 pediatric patients with lupus nephritis taking either cyclophosphamide or Mycophenolate Mofetil as an induction therapy. Patients’ data was gathered from their medical records in the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain-Shams University. Patients enrolled in the study after consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Our studied patients were 65 patients divided into 58(89%) female and 7(11%) male with female: male ratio (8: 1) and their age ranged between (5- 18) years. There was no statistically significant difference between different laboratory parmaters used to compare between both groups (C3, 24 hour urinary protein, anti-DNA). However, the rate of change in SLEADI score was higher in patient receiving Cyclophosphamide and Mycophenolate mofetil, but with no significant difference.

Conclusions
No significant difference between group taking cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil.
The Effect of Fluoxetine and Ibuprofen on BCG-Induced Alteration in Pain Sensitivity in Mice
Authors: El-Morsy Heba H , El-Bakly Wesam , Hasanin Amany H , Hamza May , Abdel-Bary M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Clinical observations recognized the co-existence and interactions of pain and depression a long time, ago. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ibuprofen and fluoxetine on BCGinduced depressive-like behaviour, on formalin-induced pain, as well as on mechanical allodynia after planter incision in mice. BCG induced a depressive behaviour that was seen in the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). It also induced a decrease in pain-related behaviour in the formalin test, and an increase in the baseline in mechanical allodynia test compared to the control group. Fluoxetine (80 mg/L of drinking water) showed a significant decrease in the immobility time in the FST and TST and enhanced pain related behaviour in formalin test in the BCG-inoculated group. However, it did not affect the increase in the pain threshold in the planter incision allodynia model. Adding ibuprofen to drinking water (0.2 g/L of drinking water), reversed the depressive like behaviour induced by BCG and enhanced pain-related behaviour in formalin test, in both the total pain-related behaviour and phase 2. It also prevented the increase in the base line induced by BCG. On the other hand, the incisional pain model was not affected by BCG inoculation except at the 2-hour time point, where it showed hypoalgesia, as well.
Possible Protective Role of Deferoxamine in Ameliorating Osteoporosis in a Rat Model of Liver Cirrhosis via Iron Metabolism Regulation
Authors: Helmy Shereen , Mohamed Doaa I , Elbakly Wesam , Elaziz Lobna F Abd , Khairy Eman , Atalla Suzi Sobhy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Liver cirrhosis is considered the terminal stage of many hepatic diseases of different etiologies. Liver cirrhosis was associated with increased incidence rates of some extrahepatic manifestations such as osteoporosis. Regardless of the liver disease etiology, the presence of cirrhosis implies a twofold risk of bone fractures higher than non-cirrhotic patients. The liver is the main storage depot for iron and is the primary organ that is responsible for clearing excess iron in conditions of iron overload. When the iron storage and antioxidant capacity of the liver is overwhelmed, iron overload can lead to marked oxidantmediated liver and bone injury and iron overload was a risk factor for osteoporosis via affecting osteoblast survival.

Aim of the work
to examine the possible protective effect of Deferoxamine (DFO) on liver cirrhosis rat model induced osteoporosis.

Material and Method
rats was divided into 4 groups Animal Groups: Naïve control, DFO-treated group, TAA-treated group received Thioacetamide (TAA) ip (200 mg/kg/rat) twice weekly for 12 weeks, TAA+DFO treated group received TAA intra-peritoneal in addition to DFO intraperitoneal injections (300 mg/kg/3 times/week, for the last 4 weeks of TAA injections.

Results and Conclusion
Deferoxamine produced significant improvement in bone mineralization alongside its significant effect on liver function test in a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced osteoporosis.
Association of serum progesterone level and endometrial estradiol & progesterone receptors in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Alam Ihab Found , Ashoush Sherif Ahmed , Gomaa Ihab Adel , AbdEl-Hafeez Ahmed Sabry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the endometrial tissue to study the fluctuation of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in women with recurrent miscarriage compared with normal endometrium of fertile women. Forty women were divided into two groups: 20 non-pregnant women with history of recurrent miscarriage (who had three or more first- trimester miscarriages) and 20 controls. Both groups had regular ovulatory menses and proven fertility. Endometrial biopsy was taken in the two groups during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, between the 8th and the 10th postovulatory days using an endometrial biopsy curette for determination of estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) hormones levels and their receptors. On the same day as the biopsy, a blood sample was taken for determination of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. The obtained results showed no significant differences between both groups regarding age, BMI, menarche, menstrual cycle & menstruation, significant decrease in E2 and P4 levels in the serum and endometrial biopsy of recurrent miscarriage women versus control. In control and recurrent miscarriage; ER levels in cytoplasm and salt extracted nucleus were higher than PR levels. ER and PR values were higher in the nuclear compartment than in the cytoplasmic compartment. The women with early recurrent miscarriage showed lower levels of both ER and PR significantly. All types of endometrial receptors (ER &PR) and hormones (E2 &P4) in serum and endometrium showed correlation relating to number of previous miscarriages.