bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of physical and chemical changes in volcanic ash soils related to road construction
Authors: Vásquez-Varela L R , Mendoza C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Soils derived from weathered pyroclastic material in a humid tropical environment, known as volcanic ash soils, cover a low portion of the Earth’s surface. However, its unique characteristics, such as high porosity, low unit weight, high water content, and susceptibility to change in properties by drying and remolding, justify its study due to the impact of these characteristics in the construction of embankments and road subgrades, particularly on the compaction characteristics. The urban settlements located in the tropical zone, close to areas of volcanic activity, develop their road infrastructure on this type of soil. Under laboratory conditions, these soils’ chemical and physical changes, particularly on the particle arrangement or fabric, create a gap between their expected and actual behavior at the construction site. This article presents some problems in road construction related to these unique features and how to deal with them on the construction site, applying conventional classification and compaction tests in the lab and construction site. The particularities of the soils in these conditions are explained using unconventional tests to assess the microscopic effects of compaction on the soil fabric.
Scientific insights of electrochemical replacement approach to describe the origin of Pre-Columbian Peruvian gilded copper-based objects
Authors: Alviz-Meza A , Chipoco Haro D A , Velarde M I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pre-Columbian Peruvian goldsmiths developed gilded copper-based objects by ancient techniques that require identification to propose conservation strategies. Lechtman H, conducted experiments to suggest that the electrochemical replacement was the gilding technique used by the Moche and Vicus cultural groups. Despite her remarkable achievement, the quantitative data provided by her is still open to discussion. This work focused on obtaining experimental data to recreate her protocol by introducing less gold precursor. Polished copper pieces were plated with an adherent gold film of up to 7.5 µm after immersing them into an electrolytic solution for 3 min and 6 min at 80 °C. Our results demonstrated that the electrochemical replacement technique gives rise to anodic regions in the plated objects. Further studies around the corrosion process that undergoes these heritage objects in burial and environmental conditions are suggested to determine their deterioration rate. Moreover, electroless and galvanic techniques should be explored in order to improve current approaches.
Farmers’ institutional transformation in the shallot area of Malang District, Indonesia
Authors: Saptana  , Susilowati G , Ar-Rozi A M , Sativa M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main problem in developing the shallot area in Malang District is the weak institutional consolidation of farmers. This article aims to formulate a strategy for the transformation of existing farmer institutions towards the institutionalization of farmer corporations in the shallot area. The research method was carried out with a case study approach through in-depth interviews with eight units of farmer group management, four farmer group associations, and one cooperative institution in two sample subdistricts, namely Ngantang and Pujon, in Malang District, East Java Province. The research was conducted in July 2019. The results showed that the institutional performance of the farmer group association was at a moderate level measured by the role and business activities, while the cooperative was at a less developed level in encouraging the development of competitive and sustainable shallot agribusiness areas. The institutional performance of farmer group associations and cooperatives has shown that they are starting to work, but the working mechanism is not yet effective. The strategy for the institutional transformation of association and cooperatives towards farmer corporations can be carried out by adding new structures to follow an integrated agribusiness, expanding the objectives to be achieved, adding new business activities, and strengthening horizontal and vertical through integrated agribusiness partnerships.
The efficiency of duck rice integrated system for sustainable farming
Authors: Vipriyanti N U , P Lyulianti S , Puspawati D A , Handayani M E , Tariningsih D , Malung Y U 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Duck rice integrated system is one of the innovations that can be applied by farmers to increase the efficiency and sustainability of land use in rice field. Research on the effect of ducks in cultivation and rice fields has been carried out but has not examined the effect of production factors and the efficiency of using these production factors in ducks rice integrated system. This study aimed to analyze the production function and efficiency of production factors in implementation of duck rice integrated system (STIP). All farmers who implemented an integrated system in Subak Lanyah, Bongan Village, Tabanan District were selected as respondent (100%) and compare with 13 farmers who not implemented it choosen by stratified random sampling. Data analysis used the cobb-douglass production function to determine the influencing factors and the efficiency of the production factors. The results showed that 1) Implementation of duck rice integrated system on paddy field in Subak Lanyah, Tabanan gave a significant effect on rice production together with an organic fertilizer use (urea and ponska). Farmers who apply duck rice integrated system tend to use fewer input factor. 2) The use of input factors such as paddy field, an organic fertilizer (urea and ponska), pesticides in farming are not efficient yet, while labor is not efficient. The total value of the regression coefficient of all production factors is equal to 1.029 indicated that the ducks rice were at increasing returns to scale. Therefore, integrated rice farming with ducks is feasible to develop.
Farmers’ perceptions and issue of Kredit Usaha Rakyat in Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan E , Ilham N , Syukur M , Pasaribu S M , Suhartini S H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The scheme of People’s Business Credit (KUR) is working capital financing credit or investment program in individual, corporate or business group who are productive and worthy. For the agricultural sector, since 2019 the financing program is only KUR that aims to increase agricultural production through the use of recommended technology and the use of other production facilities properly. The objective of the study is to analyze farmers’ perceptions of the scheme KUR’s business process. The research was conducted in four districts, namely Brebes, Central Lampung, Wajo, and Malang Districts with a survey method of 232 respondents. The results of the quantitative descriptive analysis reveal that the KUR’s distributors use the precautionary principle on the aspects of the guarantee requirements, the amount of credit, the repayment period, and the frequency of the loan. Meanwhile, from the perspective of prospective debtors, the requirements and processes for applying credit vary between KUR’s distributors. KUR debtors have a better perception of the scheme of KUR’s business process, compared to non-debtors. About 74% of KUR’s debtors stated that the KUR requirements were simple, easy procedures, timely processing, no additional collateral required, low interest, sufficient socialization, no additional fees, and a ceiling fund as needed, while non-debtors were only 38.4%. There is a need for more comprehensive socialization, promotion, and advocacy, to minimize the gaps in the implementation of the scheme of the KUR business process.
The spatial degradation of Riceland and farmers perception of its causal factors and strategic adaptations
Authors: Napitupulu D , Siagian D R , Nurzannah S E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Deli Serdang District is among the highest rice producer districts in North Sumatera Province. Unfortunately, climate change and improper cultivation management practices degrade riceland fertility and affect stagnant rice productivity over the years. This study aims to identify the spatial pattern of the limited-factors for riceland suitability and determine land degradation factors and the strategic actions to increase rice production. This study was conducted in 2019 in six districts and interviewed sixty farmers for getting information about riceland degradation issue. The field survey, soil analysis and household-based survey are some methods implemented in this study. The two tools, ArcGIS and SPSS, were used to gain the purposes of the research. The results show that the low status of nutrient availability, root condition and nutrient retention are the main factors of riceland degradation. Besides, this study found that climate change, lack of organic fertilizer implementation, water scarcity and excessive chemical fertilization implementation were significant factors of land degradation based on farmers perception. In addition, some of the strategic actions were frequently implemented to minimize the degradation rate are implementing the minimum tillage, using certified seed, giving a fallow season for riceland and recycling plant residue as organic fertilizer. The study suggests implementing the proper cultivation management practices like Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) to achieve the sustainability of rice production.
The role of stakeholders to support implementation of modern agricultural programs
Authors: Syahyuti  , Indraningsih K S , Swastika D K S , Susilowati S H , Suharyono S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Ministry of Agriculture has implemented the Modern Agriculture Program since 2016 by distributing agricultural machinery to farmers, in order to improve Indonesian agriculture which is characterized by small scale, low productivity, low labor productivity, and national production that is not self-sufficient. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of stakeholders to support the implementation of the programs. South Sulawesi was chosen purposively as the research location. The interviewees are service institutions from central to regional, key informants, farmer groups, extension agents, agricultural machinery service providers, and individual farmers. The analysis used was stakeholder analysis. The results showed that the main actors in the Modern Agricultural Program were machinery operators and UPJA administrators. The beneficiaries of Modern Agricultural services are mainly the share and tenant farmers. The machinery operators have the strongest position. In terms of the external network, the machinery operators and “area brokers” are the most important parties and determine the operation of the machinery. In order for the Modern Agriculture Program to provide positive benefits to all parties, it is necessary to strive for a system of work with fair profit sharing and to provide wider opportunities for businessmen to take part in the program.
The performance of the distribution and use of improved varieties of rice in West Java Province
Authors: Zulkifli  , Ali M S S , Fahmid I M , Salman D , Naping H , Agustian A , Perdana R P , Muslim C , Darwis V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
West Java Province is one of the centers of rice production in Indonesia. The use of improved varieties continues to be pursued to support the increase in production. This study aims to analyze the performance and problems of distribution and the use of improved varieties in rice farming. The study was conducted in Majalengka and Cianjur Districts in 2020. The study sample consisted of 60 rice farmers and research-related institutions. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively by calculating the percentage of the distribution area and qualitatively descriptive. The results of the study show that in Cianjur District, from a total distribution area of 154,075 ha (in 2019), the distribution area of Ciherang and Mekongga varieties is 36.46% and 35.88%, respectively. While in Majalengka District, on the contrary, from the total area of 127,957 ha, the distribution of new improved varieties was more dominant, namely for Inpari 32 and Inpari 43 at 67.25% and 7.28%, respectively. Problems faced in the spread of new improved rice varieties include limited availability of seeds, limited demonstration plot activities, and resistance of varieties to pests and diseases. In rice farming activities in the study area, new high-yielding varieties produce relatively higher productivity compared to old improved varieties. In order to increase the spread of new improved varieties of rice, it is necessary to provide adequate seed support, description of the improvedity of improved seeds, demonstration plots, as well as support for government policies and programs for the development of new improved varieties.
Rural transformation in the upper Citarum watershed and its implication to soil conservation practices
Authors: Susilowati S H , Sudaryanto T , Perkasa H W , Sumaryanto  , Tarigan H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In response to soil and environmental problems in the Citarum river of West Java, the upper Citarum watershed has focused on government policy intervention. The policy framework primarily focuses on encouraging soil conservation practices and promoting an environmentally friendly farming system. However, most empirical research on this subject failed to acknowledge that the conservation practices varied with the stage of rural transformation. This paper aims to assess rural transformation in the upper Citarum watershed and its relation to soil conservation practices. We use Indogreen Farm Household Survey (IFHS) data collected in 2019 from Bandung and West Bandung districts, covering six sub-watersheds, 22 villages, and 500 farm households. The sub-watersheds are divided into two groups based on the degree of rural transformation. Descriptive analysis using graphs and charts presented the data. The results show that the more dominant non-agriculture job characterizes household employment and income structure in the faster regions. Furthermore, farmers in these regions mostly choose higher-value commodities compared to the slower area. Finally, soil conservation practice is more intensive in the faster region in response to more intensive land utilization. The research implies that agricultural development programs, in particular extension services, should put this issue in perspective.
Study of suitability postharvest handling level of potatoes in Kerinci District
Authors: Nofriati D , Hernita D , Hendri J , Salvia E , Primilestari S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Almost 60% of Jambi Province’s potato production comes from Kerinci District. As well as other food crop products, productivity must be balanced with the quality of the produced. Postharvest handling based of Good Handling Practices concept is the key to producing high quality and competitive potatoes and optimizing the results obtained. The data obtained showed that there was a decrease in potato seed yield around 16% during the storage. The loss was contributed by rotten and moisure migration tubers. Very few studies have been conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of postharvest handling of potatoes according to GHP concept in Kerinci District. Therefore, purpose of the study was to determine the level of suitability of postharvest handling of potatoes in Kerinci District. The research method is descriptive exploratory by making hostages systematically, factually and accurately. The data were obtained through observation, interviews and calculating the percentage of postharvest handling suitability based of the GHP concept. The results showed that the level of suitability for postharvest handling of potatoes in Kerinci District was around 69% with the average improvement that had to be done at the cleaning, storehouse handling, sanitation and packing type stages around 31% and digging tube loss reaching 100%. In principle, carrying out potato postharvest activities based of the GHP recommendations is an effort to minimize yield losses. The results of this study are expected to be a solution for improving the quality and competitiveness of potato commodities in Kerinci District, Jambi Province.
Effect of application of supply chain management practices on certified organic rice supply chain performance
Authors: Widijastuti E , Masyhuri  , Jamhari  , Mulyo J H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research is proposed to determine the impact of management on supply chain performance. A description analysis on each indicator’s constituent variables also carried out. Data obtained from farmer groups (Poktan), combined farmer groups (Gapoktan), organic rice farmer associations, distributors and retailers consisting of modern markets, supermarkets, and minimarkets were selected using snowball sampling method. A questionnaire was utilized to determine the perceptions of respondents. The limitation of the study was the involvement of only one area of certified organic rice producer, and several distributors and retailers who engaged in the organic sector following the supply chain flow. The analysis using partial least squares structural equation modelling obtained that the integration of suppliers has a positive significance on efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, quality, and economic satisfaction, but it does not affect social satisfaction. Internal integration only significantly influences to quality. The integration of customer has a positive importance on efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, and social satisfaction, but it does not affect the quality and economic satisfaction. Meanwhile, information sharing has a positive effect on economic and social satisfaction, but it does not affect efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, and quality. Supplier integration was found to be a significant factor in supply chain management practices in influencing supply chains performance. This study authenticity is the use of measurement constructs that are adapted to conditions in the field to produce new empirical data about the relationship of management practices with supply chain performance in the certified organic rice products.
Determination of priority locations to support climate change adaptation
Authors: Firda D , Estiningtyas W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Climate change has had a significant impact on the agricultural sector and the impact is different in each place due to spatial variations in Indonesia. One of the efforts that must be made to reduce risk is to adapt. The purpose of this paper is to determine the key locations and their relationship to rice production for adaptation to climate change. Rainfall data and Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) are used to see the relationship between these two parameters through regression analysis and significance in El Niño and La Niña conditions. In El Niño conditions 24 key locations were obtained and in La Niña 3 priority locations. From the selected key locations, regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between rainfall and rice production. The regression results at the sample locations show a fairly high R2 value, namely 0.4 to 0.9, namely in Juntinyuat (West Java), Palasari (Bali), and Detusoko (East Nusa Tenggara). Other key locations are also found in several provinces. This key location is a priority location where the rainfall is strongly influenced by the extreme climate phenomenon El Niño and La Niña so that it can be used to assess the impact and monitor its impact on food farming. Socialization of the use of climate information to extension workers and farmers will greatly help reduce risks and increase capacity to adapt to climate change.
Analysis of regional government food reserves in West Java Province
Authors: Agustian A , Darwis V , Muslim C , Sunarsih  , Septanti K S , Aldillah R , Swastika D K S , Suryana A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Law No. 18/2012 concerning food mentions that local governments determine the types and amounts of certain food reserves. Currently, the existence of regional government food reserve (RGFR) is still relatively varied, according to the capacity of local governments. This study aims to analyze management policies, the amount of RGFR, management problems and strengthening strategies. The research was conducted in March-April 2021 in Cianjur and Garut Districts, West Java Province. The analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptive qualitatively. The results of the analysis show that the RGFR management policy in West Java is stipulated by Governor Regulation No. 37/2017 concerning the provision and distribution of RGFR, while in the study location the stipulation is through a Regent Regulation. In West Java, RGFR management collaborates with BULOG, with a RGFR amount target of around 1,200 tons (2020). At the study locations in Garut and Cianjur Districts, the amount of district government food reserves (DGFR) in 2020 was 50 tons and 33 tons, respectively. In Garut District, food procurement through third party partners and the district government already has a food storage warehouse, while in Cianjur District the management is in collaboration with BULOG. The problems in RGFR management, among others, are related to the capacity of the budget for food procurement, and the seriousness of local governments to increase it. To strengthen RGFR and DGFR, government policy support is needed to increase food production according to regional production potential, and continuously increase the amount and continue to improve the management system.
Pursuing sustainable ginger production and supply performance in Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Sujianto S , Iriani E S , Setiadi A , Syukur C , Rizal M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ginger is one of the demanded spices during pandemic covid-19 which the price rose sharply. Besides the spice utility, Peoples believe that ginger can be used for traditional medicine, improving and preventing folk diseases. Central Kalimantan as consumers of ginger, especially red ginger, is affected by this fluctuation price directly which is indicated by soared price of red ginger almost tripled from IDR 20,000 to more than IDR 55,000. Moreover, the ginger supply of the province seems to depend on other surrounding provinces such as South Kalimantan. This paper analyzes the supply chain and its performance of ginger in Central Kalimantan province, including product, information, and financial flows from the farmers to the consumers. It also evaluates the efficiency and performance of ginger supply chain for improving the balancing system in the future. Data were collected from the farmers in the central of ginger area production, middle traders, traders in the central market in Palangkaraya city, and consumers households. The result shows that Central Kalimantan produce ginger in some regencies such as Pulang Pisau, Kapuas, Kota Waringin, Gunung Mas. However, it did not sufficiently meet ginger’s production but still supported by south Kalimantan province and West Kalimantan province. Therefore, this paper can give the information generally for all drivers, and it can drive appropriate policy for the government, especially for the development plan of ginger in Kalimantan.