bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Calculation Model of V-Belt Temperature Field
Authors: Xu Baoyan , Li Yehong , Wang Yuan , Ni Xindong , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2021

In the process of continuous high-strength operation of the harvester, structure aging, surface hardening, brittle fracture, and other features appear on V-belt due to temperature rise, which seriously affects the service life of the belt and stability of the whole machine. To predict the temperature distribution of V-belt and improve its service life, an advanced calculation method of temperature field suitable for multiwheel is proposed. First, on the basis of analysing the heat source of the transmission belt, the values of internal friction and external friction are calculated based on AVL Excite Timing Drive (AVL Excite TD). Secondly, two-dimensional temperature field finite element calculation model is established by analysing the heat balance equation, determining the heat flow distribution coefficient and heat convection conditions. Then, to verify the calculation model of the temperature field, the experimental setup and instrumentation are built based on Controller Area Network-bus (CAN-bus) technology. At last, multi-condition tests are designed in this paper. The experiment results show that the maximum difference between the model calculated value and experiment is 4.77 ℃ in unsteady state, and 0.15 ℃ in steady state. Therefore, the multiwheel V-belt temperature field calculation model developed in this paper can realize the accurate calculation of the temperature field under steady state conditions. It has a very important guiding significance for reasonable selection of operating parameters and improvement of service lifetime of belt.
A Sea Cow Goes to Court. Extinction and Animal Agency in a Struggle Against Militarism
Authors: Palz Marius 
Published: June 2021

In Japan’s southernmost prefecture, Okinawa, the Japanese government is constructing a new military base for the United States Marine Corps despite ongoing local opposition and protest. Sea grass beds, which are potential feeding grounds of the critically endangered Okinawa dugong, are situated within the construction area. Because of its critical status close to regional extinction, the dugong was declared a Natural Monument of Japan in 1972, arguably putting it under protection of the United States National Historic Preservation Act in context of the base construction. Based on this assumption, and the dugong’s cultural significance for the people of Okinawa, the issue was brought to an American court, a rare case where an animal plays a central role in a lawsuit dealing with cultural property. Based on Eduardo Kohn’s anthropology beyond the human and his thoughts on life as a semiotic process the article explores the entanglements between dugongs and people. I argue that in this process dugongs play an active role. Through their interpretation of the generated indexical signs at the construction site and their resulting behaviour, these animals give humans the opportunity to convert their presence and absence into the sphere of symbolic human interaction.
PH, CRP as Prognostic Indicators for the Success of Treatment with Non-invasive Ventilation in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure Type II
Authors: Alkhayer Hiba , Hijazieh Malek , Khayat Mohamad Imad , Akhayer Alkassem 
Published: June 2021

Background: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) provides an alternative option to the initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure, avoiding the associated adverse events.
Objective: the present study aimed to assess the outcome of the patients who were initially treated with NIMV and identify the prognostic predictive value of PH and CRP for NIMV failure.
Materials and methods: This was observational analytical study conducted in the Department of Pulmonology in Tishreen University Hospital –Lattakia- Syria from January 2019 to January 2020. Adult patients with the diagnosis of acute on chronic respiratory failure type 2 were enrolled in the study.
Results: A total of 67 patients with acute on chronic respiratory failure type 2 were included in the study. The median age was 63 years and 62.7% were male. The patients in the PH group (7.20-7.25) presented higher rates of mortality and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) which represented 25% and 50% respectively. The NIMV failure rate was 22.4%. Frequency of patients with PH≤ 7.31, ΔPH ≤ 0.04, or CRP ≥53.5 were higher in NIMV failure group; (33.3% vs. 3.8%, p: 0.001), (46.7% vs. 23.1% -, p: 0.03), and (53.3% vs. 32.7%, p: 0.04) respectively. Independent predictors for NIMV failure were: PH≤ 7.31(OR 3.3[0.6-7.8], p:0.01) and ΔPH ≤ 0.04(OR
2.1[1.1-3.9], p: 0.02).
Conclusion: NIMV is an effective treatment for hypercapnic respiratory failure. Identification independent predictors for NIMV failure may be useful to avoid the possible complications.
Comparative Study of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Leaves, Stems and Roots of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg.
Authors: Koffi Emmanuel N’Dri , N’Guessan Olivier Hugues Alain , N’Da Philippe Kessé , Ouattara Ismael Sanga , Konan Séraphin Kouakou , Adima Augustin Amissa 
Published: June 2021

Aims: This work aims to compare the chemical composition and the antioxidant capacity of the leaves, stems and roots of Alchornea cordifolia.
Study design: The leaves, stems and roots of Alchornea cordifolia were harvested during the month of August 2020 in the botanical garden of the University Jean Lorougnon Guede in Daloa. After that, they were dried in the shade for 17 days. Subsequently, they were crushed and kept in jars in order to be sent to the Laboratory of Industrial Processes, Synthesis, Environment and New Energies (LAPISEN) of Yamoussoukro (Côte d'Ivoire), for analyzes.
Place and duration of study: This study was carried out during september to december 2020 in Laboratory of Industrial Processes, Synthesis, Environment and New Energies (LAPISEN) of Yamoussoukro (Côte d'Ivoire)
Methodology: Physicochemical parameters (pH, ° Brix, MS) and the mineral contents of leave, stem and root aqueous extracts were determined by classic methods. Then, phytochemical screening are carried out by TLC analysis followed by spectrophotometric assay of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity.
Results: The results showed that the aqueous extract from A. cordifolia leaves, stems and roots are all acidic (pH ≤ 5.33). However, these extracts contain a low level of dry matter. The measured minerals (Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, K, Fe; Cu and Zn) are present in these extracts at varying concentrations. The leaf extract is richer in Fe (8.28 ppm), Ca (1.71 ppm), Mn (1.17 ppm) and K (0.55 ppm). In contrast, the root extract contains more Na (18.38 ppm), Cu (0.75 ppm) and Mg (0.34 ppm). As for the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, sterols and terpenes, in the aqueous extract of all organs, except tannins, absent in the roots. However, the leaves have the highest content of polyphenols (256.67 mg.g-1 GAE) and flavonoids (92.75 mg.g-1 QE), as well as the best antioxidant capacity (204.23 µmol.L -1 TE).
Conclusion: The leaves, stems and roots of A. cordifolia contain practically the same chemical compounds with a few exceptions. However, the difference lies in the concentration of these compounds in the different extracts.
Decolorisation of Azo Dye Congo Red (CR) by Termitomyces sp. Biomass
Authors: Jackson Kavitha Mary , Gomathi Velu 
Published: June 2021

Aims: A study was conducted to evaluate decoloration of azo dye, Congo Red (CR) using fungal hyphal mat of beneficial bacidiomycete Termitomyces sp. TMS7 (MW694830) as bio sorbent material.
Study design: Completely randomized block design (CRD).
Place and duration of study: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, between September 2019 and January 2020.
Methodology: Isolation of white rot fungus from basidiocarb was done and screened based on their ligninolytic enzyme activity and Isolate TMS 7 was selected as best isolate and identified through ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers. Efficiency of fungal biomass to decolorize Congo red was assessed and per cent decoloration and kinetics were calculated.
Results: Twelve fungal isolates were obtained and Isolate TMS 7 was selected as best isolate based on enzymatic activity. TMS 7 was identified as Termitomyces sp. using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primer. Ligninolytic enzymes i.e. cellulase (9.97 µ mol of glucose released/min/mg protein), and xylanase (9.55 µ mol of xylose released/min/mg protein) were quantified from the crude fungal extract of TMS 7, which was higher than standard (Termitomyces albuminosus -MTCC 1366). Decolorisation efficiency of termitomyces fungal biomass (1 g/100 ml) against different concentration of congo red dye (50-250 mg/L) was assessed. About 100 % (99.9) degradation was recorded in the minimum dye concentration of 50 mg/L within 3 days and 8 % decoloration was achieved at the highest dye concentration (250 mg/L) within 5 days.
Conclusion: Possible mechanism of degradation is the presence of lignolytic enzyme especially cellulase, xylanase in the culture filtrate and bio sorption of degraded product by the fungal cell wall components viz., chitin, glucan other complex polymers.
Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Water from Storage Tanks in a Tertiary Institution in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Akani N. P. , Sampson T. , Disegha G. C. , Vincent-Okwuosa V. 
Published: June 2021

Water quality analysis is essential in assessing the suitability of different water sources used for various purposes, including industrial and domestic uses. This study was therefore aimed at determining the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water samples from different storage facilities in a tertiary institution in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study involved eighty (80) water samples obtained from water storage tanks situated at 16 locations within the premises of the institution, to ascertain the physicochemical property, presence and population of different bacterial groups influencing the quality of these water sources. In-situ and ex-situ physicochemical analyses as well as bacteriological investigations were carried out on all samples, using standard laboratory procedures. Results of physicochemical analysis showed that the pH ranged from 4.15±0.14 to 7.16±0.08; conductivity, from 50.55±0.49 (µs/cm) to 364.00±2.83; salinity, from 0.02±0 (ppt) to 0.18±0; temperature, from 27oC to 28oC; Chloride, from 1.03±0.06 (mg/l) to 10.80±0.79; total alkalinity, from 4.00±0 (mg/l) to 11.00±1.41; Dissolved oxygen from 3.04±.020 to 7.36±0.08 (Mg/l) and BOD ranged from 0.81±0 to 4.23±0.09 (Mg/l). Results for bacterial population showed total heterotrophic bacteria ranging from 1.03±1.19 x 103 CFU/ml in water from reservoir tanks at the Faculty of Engineering, to 5.89±2.59 x 103 CFU/ml at Road A Block B; total coliform count ranged from 0 CFU/ml in most samples, to 10.00±2.36 x 102 CFU/ml in Block B reservoir tanks. Water reservoirs in clinic area recorded the highest Salmonella/Shigella counts (1.00±0.23 x 101 CFU/ml) with other stations having zero counts. Hall F (Hostel Ext) on the other hand had the highest counts for Vibrio (2.20±3.01 x 101 CFU/ml). The phenotypic characterization identified Citrobacter spp. as the most occurring (27.27%) bacterial isolate in the study, followed by Alcaligenes faecalis and Klebsiella spp. (18.18% each). Enterobacter spp., Edwardsiella spp., Erwinia psidii, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Providentia spp. and Salmonella spp. all appeared as the least occurring, having a percentage of 4.55%, each. Tatumella spp. on the other hand had a percentage occurrence of 9.09%. This study has buttressed the need for increased water hygiene of reservoir tanks as well as water sources in these locations.
A Comparison of Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller and Load Tap Changing Transformer for Voltage Stability Enhancement in a Power System
Authors: Obaro Adewale , Adebayo Isaiah 
Published: June 2021

The continuous increase in power demand and huge power losses in modern power systems have been a growing concern to power utilities. Such phenomenon often results in epileptic power supply, power system instability, supply fluctuations and security problems in many parts of the globe. Identification of suitable places for the installation of reactive power compensators to minimize voltage drop and system power losses in a power system becomes imperative. In this paper, the Newton-Raphson iterative method was used for the power flow solution of the 28 bus Nigerian 330KV grid system. The Generalized Unified Power flow Controller (GUPFC) is installed at identified weak load buses of the Nigerian 28-bus power system to reduce the losses and voltage drop of the system. A comparative analysis of the GUPFC with Load Tap Changing Transformers (LTCT) is also performed. Result obtained shows that the GUPFC can largely (effectively) improve the system power stability and selectively balance the power flow of multi-lines power flows when placed at identified weak buses compared with LTCT. Thus, GUPFC can be used to reduce overall power losses along transmission lines as well as improve stability overall reliability of the power grid system.
In Situ Fabrication of Mn‐Doped 2D Perovskite‐Polymer Phosphor Films with Green‐Red Dual Emissions for Yellow Lighting
Authors: Dang Jialin , Yang Zhi , Guo Wei , Ji Yongqiang , Wang Hui , Deng Jianping , Wang Minqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2D metal halide perovskites have emerged as highly bright and stable light emitters, which can be employed as phosphors for optically pumped luminescence devices. However, the intrinsic volatile property is the main weakness to achieve their long‐term lighting applications. Here, an in situ doctor blade method is developed to fabricate a flexible large‐area (20 × 25 cm2) PEA2PbI4:2Mn‐PVDF film with green‐red dual emissions. Under UV light‐emitting diode (LED) excitation, this yellow phosphor device shows a maximum luminance value of 250 cd m−2, an extremely large full width at half maximum of 189 nm, and a color coordinate of (0.47, 0.50). The device can pass 120 h of water soaking and 85 °C/85% relative humidity of harsh environment tests, which benefit from the strong interaction of 2D perovskite and hydrophobic PVDF polymer. Different from electroluminescence yellow LED devices, Mn‐doped 2D perovskite‐polymer phosphor films excited by UV LED and fluorescent lamp provide an opportunity to achieve low‐cost indoor yellow lighting in some UV‐sensitive places.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of o‐Propargyloxy Diketopiperazines to Access Diverse Diazabicyclic and Spiro‐Diketopiperazinochromanes
Authors: Manavi Bita , Tejeneki Hossein Zahedian , Rominger Frank , Armaghan Mahsa , Frank Walter , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza , Balalaie Saeed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this report, two distinctive intramolecular cyclizations of o‐propargyloxy diketopiperazines (achieved from a one‐pot Ugi post‐transformation) is achieved via a copper(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular reaction of azomethine ylide and alkyne moiety. The presence of internal alkyne in the starting materials directed the reaction towards through [3+2]‐cycloaddition, while terminal alkyne led to a spirocyclization reaction between azomethine ylide and terminal unsaturated C−C bond. This method offering an opportunity for the synthesis of challenging Diazabicyclics and Spiro‐Diketopiperazinochromanes in high yields with exclusive diastereoselectivity.magnified image
Non–Cell Autonomous Epileptogenesis in Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Koh Hyun Yong , Jang Jaeson , Ju Sang Hyeon , Kim Ryunhee , Cho Gyu‐Bon , Kim Dong Seok , Sohn Jong‐Woo , Paik Se‐Bum , Lee Jeong Ho 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveLow‐level somatic mosaicism in the brain has been shown to be a major genetic cause of intractable focal epilepsy. However, how a relatively few mutation‐carrying neurons are able to induce epileptogenesis at the local network level remains poorly understood.MethodsTo probe the origin of epileptogenesis, we measured the excitability of neurons with MTOR mutation and nearby nonmutated neurons recorded by whole‐cell patch‐clamp and array‐based electrodes comparing the topographic distribution of mutation. Computational simulation is used to understand neural network‐level changes based on electrophysiological properties. To examine the underlying mechanism, we measured inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs in mutated neurons and nearby neurons by electrophysiological and histological methods using the mouse model and postoperative human brain tissue for cortical dysplasia. To explain non–cell‐autonomous hyperexcitability, an inhibitor of adenosine kinase was injected into mice to enhance adenosine signaling and to mitigate hyperactivity of nearby nonmutated neurons.ResultsWe generated mice with a low‐level somatic mutation in MTOR presenting spontaneous seizures. The seizure‐triggering hyperexcitability originated from nonmutated neurons near mutation‐carrying neurons, which proved to be less excitable than nonmutated neurons. Interestingly, the net balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs onto mutated neurons remained unchanged. Additionally, we found that inhibition of adenosine kinase, which affects adenosine metabolism and neuronal excitability, reduced the hyperexcitability of nonmutated neurons.InterpretationThis study shows that neurons carrying somatic mutations in MTOR lead to focal epileptogenesis via non–cell‐autonomous hyperexcitability of nearby nonmutated neurons. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:285–299
Surface Density Dependent Catalytic Activity of Single Palladium Atoms Supported on Ceria**
Authors: Kim Yongseon , Collinge Greg , Lee Mal‐Soon , Khivantsev Konstantin , Cho Sung June , Glezakou Vassiliki‐Alexandra , Rousseau Roger , Szanyi Janos , Kwak Ja Hun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe analogy between single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and molecular catalysts predicts that the specific catalytic activity of these systems is constant. We provide evidence that this prediction is not necessarily true. As a case in point, we show that the specific activity over ceria‐supported single Pd atoms linearly increases with metal atom density, originating from the cumulative enhancement of CeO2 reducibility. The long‐range electrostatic footprints (≈1.5 nm) around each Pd site overlap with each other as surface Pd density increases, resulting in an observed deviation from constant specific activity. These cooperative effects exhaust previously active O atoms above a certain Pd density, leading to their permanent removal and a consequent drop in reaction rate. The findings of our combined experimental and computational study show that the specific catalytic activity of reducible oxide‐supported single‐atom catalysts can be tuned by varying the surface density of single metal atoms.
Guidelines in Practice: Electrosurgical Safety
Authors: Link Terri 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTSurgeons routinely use electrosurgical devices to cut and coagulate tissue during surgical procedures. However, hazards associated with electrosurgery (eg, burns, electrical shock, fire) can place patients or personnel at risk. Perioperative nurses should standardize processes, preoperatively assess the risks for electrosurgical injuries, and participate in education activities on electrosurgical safety to help prevent injuries from occurring. The AORN “Guideline for electrosurgical safety” provides guidance to perioperative personnel for safe use of electrosurgical units, electrocautery devices, and argon‐enhanced coagulators. This article discusses prevention of electrosurgical unit injuries, including those that can be caused by electrosurgical accessories. A scenario describes how a team investigating two incidents related to use of electrosurgery uses an assessment tool to identify risks for injury and includes a report of these risks in the surgical briefing. Perioperative RNs should review the entire guideline for additional information when creating and updating policies and procedures for electrosurgical safety.
Turning a Crisis Into an Opportunity: Promoting Professional Development Among Perioperative Personnel During a Pandemic
Authors: Robertson Lori , Finlayson Susan , Peñaloza M. Tracey , Brull Stacey 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe perioperative setting is a complex, high‐risk working environment. Ensuring adequate staffing with highly competent nurses remains a top priority to sustain safe patient care. However, there are barriers to individual professional advancement in hospitals, including costs and lack of support or time, which can lead to decreased nurse satisfaction. After the mandated cancellation of elective surgery in March 2020 resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, leaders at a medical center decided to turn this difficult situation into an opportunity to re‐engage their perioperative personnel in professional development. More than 70 staff members participated in activities related to certification, continuing education, clinical advancement, and cross‐training. Elective surgery has since resumed, and as a result of the pursuit of professional development opportunities, staff member turnover did not increase throughout the transition at the medical center. Interest in professional growth has been reignited and staff members are excited about future development opportunities.
GWK+: Erweiterung des Großen Wellenkanals – Analyse des Einlaufbereichs
Authors: Welzel Mario , Schendel Alexander , Goseberg Nils 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer notwendige Ausbau maritimer erneuerbarer Energien bedingt die eingehende Untersuchung von strukturellen Belastungsgrenzen und potenziellen Umwelteinflüssen von Offshore‐Strukturen. Großmaßstäbliche Versuchseinrichtungen nehmen hierbei eine wichtige Rolle ein, da nur hier Belastungen, die sich mit der Expansion von Offshore‐Strukturen in größere Wassertiefen ergeben, realitätsnah untersucht werden können. Von besonderer Bedeutung für die Bemessung von Offshore‐Strukturen ist eine realistische Abbildung der komplexen Überlagerung von Wellen und Strömung, die bisher nur in wenigen Versuchseinrichtungen großmaßstäblich möglich ist. Mit der Erweiterung des Großen Wellenkanals (GWK) in Hannover zum GWK+ wird ab 2022 die erste Versuchsanlage dieser Art in Deutschland zur Verfügung stehen. Die Planung und Konstruktion der Einleitung einer zusätzlichen Strömung in einen Wellenkanal mit dem Ziel der Erreichung natürlicher Strömungszustände stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Als wesentliche strömungstechnische Komponente soll daher in diesem Beitrag die Entwicklung der Strömungseinleitung in den erweiterten GWK vom Entwurf bis hin zu einer Optimierung durch ein eigens hierfür geschaffenes 1:10‐Modell beschrieben werden. Einblicke in die Umsetzung, die strömungstechnischen Herausforderungen sowie die Optimierung der Strömungseinleitung in einen Wellenkanal mittels Leitwände und verstellbarer Lamellen sowie die Passfähigkeit eines 1/15‐Potenzgesetzes für das vertikale Strömungsprofil werden gegeben.