bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium Metal: Uplifting Regioselective C-H Activation
Authors: Pal Munish , Purohit Priyank , Upadhyay Prabhat 
Published: August 2021

:Construction of the C-C bond has been a challenge for organic chemists because of the reactivity of carbon atoms. The development of nucleophilic carbon was started with the Grignard reagent, enolate, and then ylide, however, the aromatic carbon activation was challenging till the era of organometallic chemistry. The organometallic chemistry was recognized when the Nobel Prize 2010 was given for the C-C bond forming organmetallic reaction; however, the pre functionalization of the C-H bond was an additional step with halogenated reagent, which was the limitation of this reaction. Later, the C-H activation with organometals like Pd, Ru, Cu, Rh, and other transition metal came into existence, where the directing group and metals were found to be sufficient to form the nonreactive C-C bond. In spite of several organometals, Ru acquired a special place due to the reactivity, cost and, stability. Various C-H activation reaction protocols were reported with their high regioselectivity as well as high atom economy. The C-H activation protocol involves the next level of development like SP3, SP2 ortho, meta, and para C-H activation. Here, our aim is to summarize the information regarding Ru and their ortho -regioselective reactions with the help of directing groups. The reader will benefit from the concept and the mechanism of C-H activation with the relevant examples, which have been summarized herein with the various Ru based regioselective reactions through weak and strong coordination of metal and substrate.
Relationship between Physiological Health Status, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in Two Arab Countries
Authors: AbuAlUla Nada A. , Elshatarat Rami A. , Yacoub Mohammed I. , Elhefnawy Khadega Ahmed , Aljohani Mohammed S. , Saleh Zyad T. , Abu Raddaha Ahmad H. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Identify the relationships among participants’ lifestyle and their perceptions toward physiological health status.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional research study. A convenience sampling was used to recruit 480 adult clients from Jordan and Saudi Arabia.

Results:
The majority of the participants (48.8%) rated their physiological health status as sub-optimal health. Significant positive associations were found between participants’ perceptions about physiological health status as ‘healthy’ and their positive lifestyle and low-risk behaviors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Specifically, the associations were between not being smoker (χ2 = 4.17, p = 0.04), practicing physical activity (χ2 = 60.9, p < 0.001), eating ≥ 5 cups of fruits and vegetables daily (χ2 = 8.33, p = 0.004), and being normal/under-weight (χ2 = 65.5, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Perception about poor/sub-optimal physical health status is associated with many CVD risk factors. Using a brief screening tool to assess physical health status is recommended at each clinic visit. In addition, periodic physical assessment, full check-up, and follow-up with healthcare providers are highly suggested for those who perceived their physical health status as “poor” to prevent further CVD. Health education is pressingly recommended to improve the awareness of these Arab communities toward the prevention of CVD risk factors and enhancement of positive lifestyle behaviors.
Efficacy of the pectoral nerve block type II and paravertebral block for enhanced recovery after breast cancer surgery
Authors: Martsiniv V.V. 
Published: August 2021

Background. Breast cancer surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain and increased frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). It slows down patients’ mobilization in the postoperative period. Regional anesthesia provides better analgesia and can be part of enhanced recovery after surgery. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of the pectoral nerve block type II, paravertebral block, and systemic analgesia concerning the opioids consumption, PONV, time to first food intake, and mobilization of patients in the perioperative period of breast cancer surgery. Materials and methods. Ninety-one adult women after unilateral radical mastectomy or quadrantectomy with axillary dissection were enrolled and randomized into three groups depending on the type of anesthesia. The control group included only patients with general anesthesia (GA), pectoral block group — GA plus pectoral nerve block type II with ropivacaine 0.375% 30 ml, and paravertebral block (PVB) group — GA plus thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine 0.5% 20 ml. The evaluated variables included opioids consumption during and after surgery, the occurrence of PONV, the time to the first feeding, and first mobilization in the postoperative period. Results. The dose of fentanyl during the operation was 2.6 (2.07‑3.62) μg/kg/h in the control group, 2.3 (1.86‑2.94) μg/kg/h in the PB group, 1.9 (1.62‑2.24) μg/kg/h in the PVB group (p = 0.003). Nine patients (31 %) in the control group, 8 patients (27 %) in the PVB group, and 6 patients (19 %) in the PB group required analgesia with promedol 2% after surgery (p = 0.542). The time to getting out of bed in the control, PB and PVB groups was 360 (150–360) min, 170 (120–240) min, and 162.5 (120–240) min, respectively (p = 0.003), and the time to the first meal was 360 (240–360) min, 165 (120–240) min, and 180 (120–220) min, respectively (p < 0.001). The incidence of PONV was the lowest in the PB group — 6 vs. 27 vs. 31 % in the PVB and control groups, respectively (p = 0.027). Conclusions. Among studied methods of analgesia in breast cancer surgery, the pectoral nerve block type II has the greatest advantages for enhanced recovery after surgery.
Experience of using local anesthetic combinations
Authors: Kozlovsky Yu.K. , Makogonchuk A.V. , Kozlovska I.Yu. 
Published: August 2021

Background. The general toxic effects of local anesthetics on vital organs are the most severe side effects of regional blockades. The purpose was to study the effectiveness and safety of combined solutions of local anesthetics in the brachial plexus block. Materials and methods. Forty-nine patients were divided into 2 study groups. The first group (controls) consisted of 24 individuals who received a solution of 0.5% bupivacaine 36 ml (180 mg) with adrenaline 1 : 200,000 as an adjuvant to block the brachial plexus. The second group (main) consisted of 25 patients, who were treated with a mixture of 2% lidocaine 12 ml (240 mg) and 0.5% bupivacaine 12 ml (60 mg) diluted with a solution of 0.9% NaCl 12 ml and adrenaline 1 : 200,000 as an adjuvant. Results. In the first group (bupivacaine), the onset time of sensory block averaged 11.3 ± 4.3 minutes, motor block — 21.0 ± 7.8 minutes. The motor block duration was 894 ± 237 minutes. In the second group (mixture), the onset time of sensory block averaged 8.0 ± 3.6 minutes, motor block — 14.0 ± 6.2 minutes, which was significantly less than in the first group. The duration of the motor block was 539 ± 186 minutes. The longest postoperative analgesia was registered in the bupivacaine group — 984 ± 263 minutes. The duration of postoperative analgesia in the main group was slightly shorter — 612 ± 210 minutes. Conclusions. The proposed combination of local anesthetics bupivacaine and lidocaine allows reducing the bupivacaine dose by three times, which decreases the toxic complications of conduction anesthesia. The clinical use of the proposed drug combination reduces the duration of the latent period and provides long-term postoperative analgesia.
Struktur Kepribadian Nabi Yunus dalam Alqur'an (Pendekatan Psikoanalis Sigmund Freud)
Authors: Aini Qurratul 
Published: August 2021

Al-Qurâ€™an tidak hanya dipandang sebagai teks biasa, ia juga bisa dianggap sebagai teks sastra. Sehingga penelitian sastra dalam Al-Qurâ€™an sudah menjadi lumrah dan sering dilakukan. Metode kisah yang ada dalam Al-Qurâ€™an dianggap sebagai metode yang paling tepat untuk menyampaikan pesan, dan teori psikologi sastra Sigmund Freud dapat menyempurnakan metode penyampaian pesan dalam kisah. Karena teori ini bersentuhan langsung dengan jiwa para pembaca, dan bisa merepresantikan dirinya melalui tokoh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan struktur kepribadian Nabi Yunus dalam Al-Qurâ€™an, dimana struktur kepribadian yang ditawarkan oleh Freud terdiri dari id, ego, dan superego. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalan deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu dengan mesdeskripsikan fakta apa adanya. Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah dengan teknik catat dan simak, yaitu yang dikumpulkan berdasar pada ayat Al-Quâ€™an sebagai objek utama dan library research sebagai objek pendukung. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, bahwa struktur kepribadian yang dimiliki oleh Nabi Yunus hanya terdiri dari id, ego dan superego, namun kepribadian yang paling dominan yang dimiliki oleh Nabi Yunus adalah Superego yaitu bagaimana sifat moralitas menyadarkan dirinya dari kesalahan yang telah ia perbuat. Hal ini tidak lepas dari campu tangan Allah, karena mengingat Nabi Yunus adalah seorang utusan Allah yang sholeh yang diutus kepada suatu kaum. selain dari struktur kepribadian, Nabi Yunus juga melakukan mekanisme pertahanan ego. Mekanisme pertahanan ego dalam penelitian ini adalah apatis dan sublimasi.
Inclusão e acessibilidade na escola: conhecendo a deficiência visual nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Paschoal Boulitreau Paula Roberta , Batista de Barros José , Torres da Rosa Adriana Letícia , Oliveira Macedo Bárbara Cristina 
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência pedagógica no contexto de ensino-aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa de uma turma de 6º ano do ensino fundamental, no âmbito de uma escola pública de educação básica, inserida em uma universidade pública federal de Pernambuco, e envolve a temática da inclusão e da acessibilidade vinculada ao estudo do gênero do discurso entrevista. Seu quadro teórico abarca os pressupostos de Mantoan (2003) e Sassaki (2002) a respeito do horizonte da educação inclusiva e a perspectiva do estudo sociointeracional da linguagem com base em Voloschínov (2017), Bakhtin (2003) e Marcuschi (2008). Buscamos desenvolver um olhar qualitativo sobre a experiência pedagógica realizada entre agosto e dezembro de 2018, cujo registro foi por observação participante em diários de campo, por 16 horas-aulas. A vivência está inserida no contexto do projeto de ensino/estágio da escola, visando apoiar a formação inicial docente no contexto da universidade, contemplando, em específico, o curso de licenciatura em Letras. Os resultados apontam que, por meio do projeto de ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvido, além de reconhecerem o funcionamento social e as características textuais da entrevista, ao entrevistarem uma pessoa com deficiência visual, os estudantes compreenderam que a acessibilidade é um direito que precisa ser garantido à pessoa com deficiência, a fim de que esta possa viver com maior autonomia, participar com mais efetividade da vida social e exercer seus direitos como cidadã.
Performatividad política y derechos humanos: el caso de la red comunitaria trans de Bogotá
Authors: Parra Restrepo Juan Camilo 
Published: August 2021

Este artículo explora la relación entre ciudadanía y derechos humanos en la acción colectiva de la Red Comunitaria Trans (RCT) de Bogotá. Para esto se evidencia la situación de los derechos humanos de la población trans en Colombia y Bogotá caracterizada por su marginalidad, exclusión y precarización; así mismo, se presentan avances y retos en las normativas sobre sus derechos humanos. Con base en esto, se revisa el concepto clásico de ciudadanía para plantear cómo se ha constituido una ciudadanía de segunda clase para la población trans. De este modo, se expone el sentido político del agenciamiento y movilización del colectivo RCT de Bogotá y sus esfuerzos, como disidencia sexual y de género, para construir un ejercicio político que diferencie sus luchas, demandas y características específicas de los otros sectores que se agrupan en la sigla LGBTIQ+ (lesbiana, gay, bisexual, transgénero, transexual, travesti, intersexual y queer). Específicamente se analiza la acción colectiva realizada por la RCT en la Tercera Marcha del Orgullo Trans del 1 de julio de 2018, en la cual se materializó la performatividad política de lo trans en el marco de su lucha por los derechos humanos, una ciudadanía completa y la crítica al sistema heteropatriarcal.
Tutor and tutoring in modern education and Ukraine
Authors: Bundak O.A. , Popov A.A. , Tooz Y.O. 
Published: August 2021

In the article the problems of tutoring, as component individualization of studies, are considered. Authors estimate the attempts of some Ukrainian scientists to equate the functions of tutor and of counsel known yet from soviet times of academic group critically. Moreover, the current Ukrainian legislation does not give determination of concept "counsel" and does not envisage this activity.
Implementation of tutor functions needs certain knowledge and abilities, forming of that is not envisaged by maintenance of traditional preparation of teacher and personality internalss that today does not have support in the legislative field of Ukraine. Therefore that is why logically to lean against western scientific and practical revisions from this object.
Actuality and necessity of tutoring, – here authors support opinion of some other scientists, - are conditioned by the primary purpose of British education – by the development of ability to think, that is realized in mainly due to independent work of student at accompaniment of tutor.
Authors pay attention to that in Oxford and Cambridge of tutors occupy important position as regular units, providing a feed-back between a student and concrete teacher and all faculty advisors. Tutor here is a tutor that is fastened after every student, and conducts him to the end of studies.
He elects the programs for a ward student, recommends him the certain algorithm of study, and controls all process. Due to the role of counsels of studies in Oxford becomes individual in a great deal.
The German model of education, that envisaged no freedom and choice and only hard discipline and limitation, was used in Ukraine, This model was brought yet in the days of tsar's Russia by М. Lomonosov. But present time requires from education new approaches, methods and facilities. One from such systems and there is tutoring.
Thus, there is an urgent requirement in bringing of profession of tutor to the National classifier of Ukraine SK 003: a 2010 «Classifier of professions».
Mechanism of realization of the rights of professional athletes in Ukraine: constitutional and legal analysis
Authors: Turyanytsia O.O. 
Published: August 2021

The Constitution of Ukraine enshrines the duty of the state not only to take care of the development of physical culture and sports (Article 49), but also to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of human and citizen (Part 2 of Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine). The protection of state powers is one of the most important indicators of a legal and democratic state [1].One of the most important steps on the way to solve this problem is the effective and efficient work of the legislator. Despite the huge amount of legal material, it is worth noting the existence of gaps and conflicts in the legislation, or even the absence of rules that would regulate public relations related to the peculiarities of the development of social activities in the field of sports.Instead, local regulations, rules or decisions of specialized non-governmental organizations leading an international sports movement are recognized as binding, in violation of existing national regulations. That is why a separate constitutional and legal study needs «autonomy of sport» as a fact that has developed and regulates professional sports in Ukraine.
The purpose of the article is a review and constitutional and legal analysis of the mechanism of realization of the rights of professional athletes speaking of the autonomous nature of activities in the field of sports.A number of facts confirming the existence of «autonomy» in the field of professional sports are considered, namely, alcohol advertising, the relevant powers of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine and the limit on legionnaires. The jurisdiction of sports justice is analyzed.The inconsistency of local regulations with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and other national legislations has been proved. The expediency of creating a separate specialized arbitration center - a permanent arbitration court in the field of sports - is substantiated. Emphasis on the need to allocate sports law in a separate branch of law and the adoption of a special Law of Ukraine «On Professional Sports», which will form common principles and a comprehensive approach to the regulation of relations in this area is placed.
On the issue of taxation under the bill №4184
Authors: Bozhuk I.I. , Anistratenko Y.I. 
Published: August 2021

In today’s conditions, a useful tool for doing business is e-commerce, aimed at developing the economy of Ukraine and meeting the needs of both producers of goods (works, services) and consumers.According to the current national legislation, part of the electronic services provided by international corpora-tions on the Internet is subject to value added tax through the mechanism of delegating the obligation to declare tax liabilities to their customers if they are value added tax payers or are subjects management, even if they are not registered as value added taxpayers.
The article is devoted to the study of current aspects of taxation under the bill №4184. The preconditions for the administration of value added tax in the taxation of electronic services to individuals supplied by non-residents on the Internet are analyzed by making appropriate amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine, taking into account national legislation and foreign experience.The main changes proposed by the bill are systematized. It is noted that the bill as a whole has a positive impact on the economy and development of the state, and also draws attention to the imperfection of some pro-visions.The main changes proposed by the bill are highlighted, namely: the list of electronic services is determined; the list of non-residents is included in the list of persons registered as VAT payers; established rules for determining the place of supply of electronic services (B2C); a simplified VAT registration procedure for non-resident suppliers has been defined, which can be carried out remotely in electronic form on a specially developed web portal; released from the obligation of a non-resident to register tax invoices; provides for the payment of tax liability for a non-res-ident in foreign currency.It is noted that the adoption of the bill will provide fair tax conditions for national and international companies of non-residents that provide electronic services in Ukraine. The introduction of the rules will contribute to additional revenues from the paid tax to the budget. The bill proposes a simple mechanism for value added tax of non-residents, namely, allows you to remotely register in the electronic office of the taxpayer, as well as pay tax in foreigncurrency without a presence in Ukraine.
Towards the issue on Ukraine’s compliance with its international obligations to establish the institution of information ombudsman: some conceptual and applied aspects
Authors: Zayarny O.A. 
Published: August 2021

In recent decades, one of the priorities for Ukraine in domestic and foreign policy has been to establish and en-sure the high standards of human rights recognized by the Council of Europe.The article examines the obligations of Ukraine as a member state of the Council of Europe in terms of in-troducing an information ombudsman into the system of state bodies. It also analyzes the main world models for functioning of this state institution. The author considers the requirements of the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, the Additional Protocol thereto, as well as the recommendations of the Council of Europe on the principles of formation and operation of information ombudsmen.
Based on the content of Ukraine’s international obligations as a member state of the Council of Europe, the pa-per proves that the competence of the Information Ombudsman should mainly extend to legal relations concerning access to public information and protection of personal data. Special attention is paid to the shortcomings and advantages of each of the world’s most common models of in-formation ombudsmen. The author also identifies the features of the content of the competence of this body, as well as outlines the main means of its activities. In addition, the article considers the ways in which Ukraine fulfills the obligations of a member state of the Council of Europe related to the establishment of an information ombudsman, and defines the criteria for the effective implementation of these obligations.According to the results of the study, it is substantiated that the most optimal model for functioning of the infor-mation ombudsman for Ukraine is its formation as an independent collegial central executive body with a special status, which should be answerable to the President of Ukraine and accountable to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Along with this, the article proves the need to combine control and regulatory powers in the structure of the competence of the information ombudsman. The author also proves the need to empower this body with administrative and jurisdictional functions. It is proposed to impose on the Information Ombudsman the obligations of the authorized body in the field of cross-border processing of personal data.
Legal nature and place of judicial precedent in the system of sources of law of Ukraine
Authors: Ivanyura I.S. , Shevchenko D.V , Sivets A.S. 
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of the essence of judicial precedent as a source of law in Ukraine, its legal nature and the definition of the place among the sources of national law. The issue of judicial precedent, its role has worried many scholars of the Soviet Union, and now it is the focus of many scholars and is central to the study of jurisprudence. Given the determination of the place of precedent among the sources of law, a general analysis of the system of sources of law in Ukraine is conducted.
During the analysis the structure of judicial precedent is considered on the example of the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, several alternative definitions of the term "judicial precedent" are given. Some scholars suggest that "judicial precedent" is a decision based on a general rule of law created by a court that courts of the same or lower instance must comply with, and that their decisions in future cases should be based on this rule of law. The article establishes the role of judicial precedent in the legal system of Ukraine, emphasizes its importance in that it significantly increases the motivation of court decisions.
Attention is also paid to the decision of the European Court of Human Rights - a typical example of judicial precedent - as a mandatory source of law in Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the positive and negative consequences of the official recognition of judicial precedent as a source of law in Ukraine. Considerable attention is also paid to the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the legal positions of the Supreme Court.
The authors emphasize the recommendatory nature, in addition to the precedents of the European Court of Human Rights, judicial precedent as a source of law. This is confirmed by the thesis that the rule of law can be reflected in laws and regulations, as judicial precedent is not officially recognized as a source of law in Ukraine, it is believed that court decisions do not create rules of law. The authors emphasize the need for recognition at the legislative level of judicial precedent as a source of law.