bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activity of Wine in Relation to Bacterial Resistance to Medicinal Antibiotics
Authors: Boban Mladen , Boban Nataša , Tonkić Marija , Grga Mia , Milat Ana Marija , Mudnić Ivana 
Published: January 2021

Although antimicrobial properties of wine have been extensively studied, antimicrobial effects of wine in relation to bacterial resistance to medicinal antibiotics have not been examined. Therefore, our aim was to determine whether bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be related to their resistance to red wine as an unspecific antimicrobial medium. The organisms studied were Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and two clinical isolates which exhibited different resistance to antibiotics, ESBL - producing Escherichia coli UR 3612 and Salmonella enteritidis KK 962. The time-kill curves method was used. The minimal incubation time of the bacterial suspension with wine, necessary for prevention of bacterial growth, was 3 and 20 min for E. coli ATCC and ESBL E. coli respectively. This was associated with susceptibility testing in which E. coli ATCC proved highly sensitive in contrast to ESBL-producing E. coli, which exhibited resistance to a spectrum of antimicrobial drugs of different classes regarding their principal mechanism of action. In the case of S. enteritidis strains, they were similar in their susceptibility against test antibiotics and time-kill curves following exposure to wine. Bacterial resistance to wine is closely associated with bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. The exact mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of wine are still a matter of debate. However, wine might be less susceptible to bacterial resistance development and may include mechanisms different from those of medicinal antibiotics. The present study represents an initial contribution to this important subject which has been practically unexplored.
Islamophobia and Religious Intolerance: Threats to Global Peace and Harmonious Co-Existence
Authors: Dauda Kazeem Oluwaseun 
Published: January 2021

<p>Recent events show that there are heightened fear, hostilities, prejudices and discriminations associated with religion in virtually every part of the world. It becomes almost impossible to watch news daily without scenes of religious intolerance and violence with dire consequences for societal peace. This paper examines the trends, causes and implications of Islamophobia and religious intolerance for global peace and harmonious co-existence. It relies on content analysis of secondary sources of data. It notes that fear and hatred associated with Islām and persecution of Muslims is the fallout of religious intolerance as reflected in most melee and verbal attacks, anti-Muslim hatred, racism, xenophobia, anti-Sharī'ah policies, high-profile terrorist attacks, and growing trends of far-right or right-wing extremists. It reveals that Islamophobia and religious intolerance have led to proliferation of attacks on Muslims, incessant loss of lives, wanton destruction of property, violation of Muslims’ fundamental rights and freedom, rising fear of insecurity, and distrust between Muslims and non-Muslims. The paper concludes that escalating Islamophobic attacks and religious intolerance globally had constituted a serious threat to world peace and harmonious co-existence. Relevant resolutions in curbing rising trends of Islamophobia and religious intolerance<strong> </strong>are suggested.</p><p> </p>
Perceived barriers to goals of care discussions in the emergency department: a multi-center analysis of hospitalist physicians
Authors: Zannella Vanessa , Quinn Kieran , Vaillancourt Samuel , Ailon Jonathan , Mcgowan Melissa , Argintaru Niran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients who present to hospital require clarification and confirmation of their goals of care in the emergency department to align treatment recommendations with their stated goals. The potential barriers to having these discussions in this setting are not well described. The objective of this study was to identify the most substantial barriers to conducting goals of care discussions in the emergency department as reported by hospitalist physicians who are often the first physician that a patient encounters during their admission to hospital. Design: A team of physicians from Palliative Care, Hospitalist Medicine and Emergency Medicine modified an existing self-reported survey that explored three domains of potential barriers to goals of care discussions: patient-related factors, environmental and resource-related factors, and factors related to physician responsibility and training. Across these domains, hospitalist physicians from 20 hospitals in the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada were invited to respond on a likert-scale to 17 questions that explored potential barriers to goals of care discussions between January 2018 and April 2019. Responses were rank-ordered by the magnitude of the differences between those that agreed with a statement and those that disagreed. Key Results: A total of 181 physicians from 17 institutions were included in the study (110 staff physicians, 71 resident physicians, response rate 36%). Ninety-five percent of physicians reported engaging in goals of care discussions at least several times per month. The most substantial barriers to goals of care discussions in the emergency department reported by hospitalists were: difficulty communicating with outpatient healthcare providers, the emergency department environment, and the lack of prognostic tools for patients with terminal noncancer illness. Conclusions: Several modifiable barriers to conducting goals of care discussions in the emergency department exist, which were primarily related to difficulty with communication, prognosis and a challenging care environment.
Anti-Amnesic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ziziphus Jujuba Aqueous Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Rats
Authors: Djeuzong Etienne , Kandeda Antoine , Djiogue Sefirin , Nguedia Danide , Lewale Stephanie , Ngueguim Florence , Kouamouo Jonas , Dimo Theophile 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition that affects more than 44 million people worldwide. The available treatments target the symptoms rather than underlying causes. Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) is used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to treat many disorders including memory impairments. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective effects of Z. jujuba aqueous extract on scopolamine-induced memory disorders in rats. Methods: Learning and memory impairments were induced in rats by scopolamine (1mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. Rats that developed cognitive impairments were divided as follows: two positive control groups received piracetam (200 mg/kg, p.o.) or tacrine (1 mg/kg, p.o.); three test groups received the extract (29, 57, and 114 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) daily for 15 days. At the end of treatments, memory impairments were assessed by Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and some biochemical parameters (oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis) were estimated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.Results: Z. jujuba decreased the time to reach the platform and increased the time in the target quadrant. However, it failed to affect spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. Furthermore, the extract reversed scopolamine-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This was confirmed with the prevention of neuronal loss in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Z. jujuba extract possesses ant-amnesic and neuroprotective effects. It seems that these effects are mediated in part by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. This, therefore, justify its use to treat dementia and psychiatric disorders in Cameroon’s folk medicine.
Galectin-3 In Septic Acute Kidney Injury: A Translational Study
Authors: Sun Haibing , Jiang Huiping , Eliaz Amity , Kellum John A. , Peng Zhiyong , Eliaz Isaac 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a pleiotropic glycan-binding protein shown to be involved in sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its role has never been elucidated in sepsis-associated AKI (S-AKI). We aimed to explore Gal-3’s role and its potential utility as a therapeutic target in S-AKI. MethodsIn 57 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis, serum Gal-3 was examined as a predictor of ICU mortality and AKI. In a rat model of S-AKI induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), 7-day mortality and serum Gal-3, IL-6, and creatinine were examined at baseline, 2, 8, and 24 hours (h) post-CLP. Two experimental groups received the Gal-3 inhibitor modified citrus pectin (P-MCP) at 400 mg/kg/day and 1200 mg/kg/day, while the control group received water only (n = 18 in each group). ResultsAmong 57 patients, 27 developed AKI and 8 died in the ICU. Serum Gal-3 was an independent predictor of AKI (OR = 1.2 [95% CI 1.1-1.4], p = 0.01) and ICU mortality (OR = 1.4 [95% CI 1.1-2.2], p = 0.04) before and after controlling for age, AKI, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score. In the CLP rat experiment, serum Gal-3 peaked earlier than Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Serum Gal-3 was significantly lower in both P-MCP-treated groups compared to control at 2 h post-CLP (400 mg: p = 0.003; 1200 mg: p = 0.002), and IL-6 was significantly lower in both P-MCP-treated groups at all time points with a maximum difference at 24 h post-CLP (400 mg: p = 0.015; 1200 mg: p = 0.02). In the Gal-3 inhibitor groups, 7-day mortality was significantly reduced from 61% in the control group to 28% (400 mg P-MCP: p = 0.03) and 22% (1200 mg P-MCP: p = 0.001). Rates of AKI per RIFLE criteria were significantly reduced from 89% in the control group to 44% in both P-MCP-treated groups (400mg: p = 0.007; 1200mg: p = 0.007). ConclusionsThis translational study demonstrates the importance of Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of S-AKI, and its potential utility as a therapeutic target.
Comparison of the Modified Smith-Petersen (S-P) and Ilioinguinal (I-I) Approaches for Periacetabular Osteotomy in Adult Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Retrospective study
Authors: Luo Rui , Li Guomin , Li Bo , Hu Ruyin , Li Yankun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdult developmental dysplasia of the hip is an untreated congenital hip dysplasia that results in adult hip pain. One of the usual and effective methods for the treatment of this condition is periacetabular osteotomy. However, which approach is better between the modified S-P and the I-I approaches is still unclear and controversial.Method and materialsWe retrospectively assessed our experience with the modified S-P and the I-I approaches by inquiring and evaluating intraoperative blood loss, postoperative radiographic material, postoperative function of the hip and related complications from July 2014 to January 2019.ResultsA total of 61 patients with adult developmental dysplasia of the hip were enrolled, and 33 patients were divided into a modified S-P group and 28 patients were divided into I-I group. The operation time and blood loss of group I-I were higher than that of group modified S-P. Other clinical and radiographic indexes showed no statistical significance between group the modified S-P and I-I groups.ConclusionThere is no significant difference in the improvement of the function of the hip at the post-operation stage, but group I-I may require more operation time and blood loss at the intra-operation stage.
Buprenorphine Alters Microglia and Astrocytes Acutely Following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury.
Authors: Ryu Jane , Stone Phillip , Lee Sabrina , Payne Brighton , Gorse Karen , Lafrenaye Audrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common phenomenon, accounting for significant cost and adverse health effects. While there is information about focal pathologies following TBI, knowledge of more diffuse processes is lacking, particularly regarding how analgesics affect this pathology. As buprenorphine is the most commonly used analgesic in experimental TBI models, this study investigated the acute effects of the opioid analgesic buprenorphine (Bup-SR-Lab) on diffuse neuronal/glial pathology, neuroinflammation, cell damage, and systemic physiology. Methods: We utilized a model of central fluid percussion injury (CFPI) in adult male rats treated with a single subcutaneous bolus of Bup-SR-Lab or saline 15min post-injury. Microscopic assessments were performed at 1 day post-injury. Cell impermeable dextran was infused intraventricularly prior to sacrifice to assess neuronal membrane disruption. Axonal injury was assessed by investigating labeling of the anterogradely transported amyloid precursor protein. Neuroinflammation was assessed by analyzing Iba-1+ microglial and GFAP+ astrocyte histological/morphological features as well as cytokine levels in both regions of interest (ROIs). Myelin pathology was assessed by evaluating the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the propensity of MBP+ myelin debris. Results: Acute physiologic data showed no difference between groups except for reduction in weight loss following cFPI in Bup treated animals compared to saline. There were no discernable differences in axonal injury or membrane disruption between treatment groups. Cytokine levels were consistent between Bup and saline treated animals, however, microglia and astrocytes revealed region specific histological changes at 1d following Bup treatment. Myelin integrity and overall MBP expression showed no differences between Bup and saline treated animals, but there were significant regional differences in MBP expression between the cortex and thalamus.Conclusions: These data suggest effects of Bup treatment on weight following CFPI and potential regional specificity of Bup-associated microglial and astrocyte alterations, but very little change in other acute pathology at 1-day post-injury. Overall, this preliminary study indicates that use of Bup-SR-Lab in preclinical work does have effects on acute glial pathology, however, longer term studies will be needed to assess potential effects of Bup treatment on more chronic pathological progressions.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Case- Control Study
Authors: Golan-Tripto Inbal , Loewenthal Neta , Tal Asher , Dizitzer Yotam , Baumfeld Yael , Goldbart Aviv 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in infants and toddlers with acute bronchiolitis (AB), compared to subjects with non-respiratory febrile illness.Methods: a prospective cross-sectional case-control study which compared serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels between infants and toddlers diagnosed with Acute Bronchiolitis (AB) to subjects with non-respiratory febrile illness. Results: 127 patients aged <24 months were recruited; 80 diagnosed with AB and 47 patients with non- respiratory febrile illnesses. Both groups had similar demographics aside from age (mean of 7 months vs. 10 months in the AB group compared to control group (p=0.03)) and respiratory symptoms. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the bronchiolitis group; median [IQR] 28[18-52] vs. 50[25-79] nmol/L, respectively, (p=0.005). Deficient vitamin D levels (<50nmol/L) was found more frequently in AB than controls; 73% vs. 51% (p=0.028). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and nutrition, showed vitamin D deficiency was more probable in AB patients; OR[95%CI] 3.139[1.369-7.195]. No correlation was found between serum vitamin D levels and bronchiolitis severity, which was assessed via Modified Tal Score and by length of hospital stay. Conclusion: children with acute bronchiolitis displayed significantly lower vitamin D levels than children with non-respiratory acute febrile illnesses.
Exploring the Mechanical Properties&nbsp;of Human Cupula by Numerical Analysis of Temperature Experiments
Authors: Wu Xiang , Yu Shen , Shen Shuang , Liu Wenlong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The vestibular receptor of cupula acts an important role in maintaining body balance. However, the cupula buried in the semicircular canals (SCCs) will be destroyed if it is detached from the relevant environment. The mechanical properties of human cupula still remain ambiguous. In this paper, we explored the cupula’s elastic modulus changing with temperature by experiments and numerical simulation of SCCs model. We obtained 3 volunteers’ nystagmus induced by constant angular acceleration when the temperature of volunteers’ SCCs was 36℃ and 37℃ respectively. The slow-phase velocity of 3 volunteers decreased by approximately 3°/s when the temperature of SCCs reduced by 1℃, which corresponded to the reduction of cupula deformation by 0.3–0.8 µm in the numerical model. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of the variation of endolymphatic properties induced by temperature reduction on cupula deformation through numerical simulation. We found that the decrease of cupula deformation was not caused by the change of endolymphatic properties, but probably by the increase of cupula’s elastic modulus. With the temperature reducing by 1℃, the cupula’s elastic modulus may increase by 6%-20%, suggesting that the stiffness of cupula is enhanced. This exploration of temperature characteristic of human cupula promotes the research of alleviating vestibular diseases.
Acrolein Contributes to Human Colorectal Tumorigenesis Through Activation of RAS/MAPK&nbsp;Pathway
Authors: Tsai Hong-Chieh , Tsou Han-Hsing , Lin Chun-Chi , Chen Shao-Chen , Cheng Hsiao-Wei , Liu Tsung-Yun , Chen Wei-Shone , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Yang Shung-Haur , Chang Shih-Ching , Teng Hao-Wei , Wang Hsiang-Tsui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most well-known malignancies with high prevalence and poor 5-year survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that intake of food rich in fat, and with low fiber content (as known as high-fat diet, HFD) is capable of increasing the odds of developing CRC. Acrolein, an IARC group 2A carcinogen, can be formed by thermal treatment of animal and vegetable fats, carbohydrates and amino acids through Maillard reaction. Also, acrolein has been shown to be produced from microbial glycerol metabolism in human gut. Consequently, humans are at risk of acrolein exposure through consumption of foods rich in fat. However, whether acrolein contributes to HFD-induced CRC tumorigenesis remains elusive.Methods. The effect of acrolein in oncogenic transformation was analyzed using NIH/3T3 cells with xenograft tumorigenesis mice models. Furthermore, cDNA microarray analysis with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed in acrolein-transformed NIH/3T3 cells. Finally, acrolein-induced DNA damages (Acr-dG) were analyzed in tumor tissues and normal epithelial of CRC patients using immunohistochemical analysis. The levels of Acr-dG adducts were associated with tumor characteristics and CRC patients’ survival using Chi-Square analysis and Kaplan Meier survival analysis, respectively.Results. In this present study, we found that acrolein induced oncogenic transformation including faster cell cycling, proliferation, soft agar formation, sphere formation, cell migration in NIH/3T3 cells. Using xenograft tumorigenicity assays, the acrolein-transformed NIH3T3 clone formed tumors whereas no tumors were observed in mice inoculated with NIH3T3 parental cells. In addition, RAS/MAPK pathway contributing to colon tumorigenesis was activated in NIH/3T3 Acr-clone using cDNA microarray analysis with IPA. Finally, Acr-dG adducts were higher in CRC tumor tissues compared to normal epithelial cells in CRC patients. Intriguingly, CRC patients with higher Acr-dG adducts have better prognosis. Conclusions. Taken together, this is the first study to demonstrate that acrolein is important in oncogenic transformation through activating RAS/MAPK signaling pathway contributing to colon tumorigenesis. Thus, acrolein might be a novel target for early detection, prevention and treatment of tumors in the future.
The Structure of Nursing Legislation in Iran from the Perspective of Nursing Policymakers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hatefi-Moadab Nasim , Benton David C , Mohammadi Nooredin , Abedi Heydarali , Hazrati Maryam , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Nursing can and is directly affected by the legislation structure and its associated governance. So, nursing regulators and indeed practitioners must be aware of their own legislative framework. This content analysis was conducted to define the structure of nursing legislation in Iran. Method: A qualitative design using a content analysis approach was used using semi-structures interviews with nursing policymakers(n=15). Result: This content analysis revealed three categories: Competent authorities, Advancing the profession of nursing and COVID-19 as an opportunity window for nursing policymaking.Conclusion: There is an essential need to enactment an Iranian Nursing Practice Act through competent authorities. However, to achieve this goal nursing policy makers must be able to convince members of the Parliament about the contribution of this legislation regarding public safety. Furthermore, this will not be achieved except with diplomacy and capitalizing on any policy windows. Notably, the profound impact of the COVID-19 outbreak may provide just such a policy window.