bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in Australia and New Zealand: An analysis of the PHSANZ registry
Authors: Kearney Katherine , Gold Joshua , Corrigan Carolyn , Dhital Kumud , Boshell David , Haydock David , McGiffin David , Wilson Michael , Collins Nicholas , Cordina Rachael , Dwyer Nathan , Feenstra John , Lavender Melanie , Wrobel Jeremy , Whitford Helen , Williams Trevor , Keating Dominic , Whyte Ken , McWilliams Tanya , Keogh Anne , Strange Geoff , Kotlyar Eugene , Anderson James , Lau Edmund MT 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious condition occurring in 2%–4% of patients after acute pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is a potential cure for technically operable disease. The epidemiology and long‐term outcomes of CTEPH have not been previously described in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsData were extracted from the Pulmonary Hypertension Society of Australia and New Zealand (PHSANZ) registry for patients diagnosed with CTEPH between January 2004 and March 2020. Baseline characteristics, treatment strategies, outcome data and long‐term survival are reported.ResultsA total of 386 patients were included with 146 (37.8%) undergoing PEA and 240 (62.2%) in the non‐PEA group. PEA patients were younger (55 ± 16 vs. 62 ± 16 years, p < 0.001) with higher baseline 6‐min walk distance (6MWD; 405 ± 122 vs. 323 ± 146 m, p = 0.021), whilst both groups had similar baseline pulmonary haemodynamics. Pulmonary hypertension‐specific therapy was used in 54% of patients post‐PEA and 88% in the non‐PEA group. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 93%, 87% and 84% for the PEA group compared to 86%, 73% and 62%, respectively, for the non‐PEA group (p < 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis showed baseline 6MWD was an independent predictor of survival in both operated and medically managed patients.ConclusionIn this first multicentre report of CTEPH in Australia and New Zealand, long‐term survival is comparable to that in other contemporary CTEPH registries. However, PEA was only performed in a minority of CTEPH patients (37.8%) and significantly less than overseas reports. Greater awareness of PEA and improved patient access to experienced CTEPH centres are important priorities.
The Fokas–Lenells equations: Bilinear approach
Authors: Liu Shu‐zhi , Wang Jing , Zhang Da‐jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the Fokas–Lenells (FL) equations are investigated via bilinear approach. We bilinearize the unreduced FL system, derive double Wronskian solutions, and then, by means of a reduction technique we obtain variety of solutions of the reduced equations. This enables us to have a full profile of solutions of the classical and nonlocal FL equations. Some obtained solutions are illustrated based on asymptotic analysis. As a notable new result, we obtain solutions to the FL equation, which are related to real discrete eigenvalues and not reported before in the analytic approaches. These solutions behave like (multi)periodic waves or solitary waves with algebraic decay. In addition, we also obtain solutions to the two‐dimensional massive Thirring model from those of the FL equation.
Katie Eriksson’s caring theories. Part 1. The caritative caring theory, the multidimensional health theory and the theory of human suffering
Authors: Bergbom Ingegerd , Nåden Dagfinn , Nyström Lisbet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, Katie Eriksson's caring theories including the caritative caring theory, the multidimensional health theory and the theory of human suffering are described. The assumptions and concepts, both etymologically and semantically investigated, are founded in ontology. Caring is a human natural phenomenon and patient means the suffering human being. In the caritative caring theory, the substance and core of caring is described as ‘to care is to tend, play and learn in faith, hope and love’. The starting point is love, mercy, human kindness, compassion and a caring relationship. Caring is healing and sharing—a will to care, which is founded in faith and life energy. Caring promotes humanity and people's health, and thus a feeling of wholeness, integration, growth and inner freedom. The goal is to promote and protect health and life and alleviate suffering. Health means wholeness and holiness. Eriksson emphasises an ontological aspect of health, where the human being is seen as an inseparable being comprising a body, soul and spirit. To be healthy is to be whole and to feel whole, where wholeness means life itself. In the multidimensional perspective, the essence of health is vitality. Vitality is the innermost dimension of health; it is a force to energy in life, to joy and desire. Health is a dynamic movement between dimensions of becoming, being and doing. Eriksson seeks answers to the ‘what’ of suffering through concept analysis, but she also discusses the ‘why’ question. Each suffering is unique. There is a connection between suffering and desire, where suffering gives birth to an unsuspected life power that is not seen as having any other source than suffering itself. Desire and suffering make up the driving power for a person's being and formation into the person she is intended to become.
Blood transfusion demands in a tertiary otolaryngology, head and neck centre: A 5‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Luke Louis , Ranmuthu Charindu K. I. , Ranmuthu Chanuka D. S. , Habeeb Amir , Appukutty Jithesh , Irune Ekpemi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo retrospectively analyse and report the utilisation of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in a tertiary otolaryngology, head and neck centre in the United Kingdom.BackgroundTwenty‐seven per cent of RBC transfusions were for surgical indications in a 2014 England and North Wales survey. Currently, there is limited literature on RBC transfusions in Otolaryngology.Methods/materialsAll inpatients admitted primarily under the care of the Otolaryngology, Head and Neck service between January 2015 and December 2019 were analysed. The primary outcomes of interest were number of units of RBC transfused over 5 years and distribution across clinical indications. Secondary outcome measure was cost of RBC transfusions over the same time period.ResultsMost patients receiving transfusions are aged in their sixth and seventh decades. Epistaxis patients utilised 105 RBC units over the 5 years (56% of total RBC units) with emergency epistaxis accounting for 78% of use. Post‐operative Head & Neck Cancer surgery with and without reconstruction required 47 RBC units over 5 years (25% of total RBC units). The mean cost incurred by the department over the 5‐year period was £6171.49 (SD 1460.25). The cost has fallen by over £2000 over the 5‐year period.ConclusionBlood transfusion use has fluctuated over the last 5 years. Epistaxis and post‐operative Head and Neck cancer cases account for significant use compared with other patient groups. Prehabilitation strategies will add value towards mitigating future consumption of RBC.
Symbolic Deep Networks: A Psychologically Inspired Lightweight and Efficient Approach to Deep Learning
Authors: Veksler Vladislav D. , Hoffman Blaine E. , Buchler Norbou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe last two decades have produced unprecedented successes in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML), due almost entirely to advances in deep neural networks (DNNs). Deep hierarchical memory networks are not a novel concept in cognitive science and can be traced back more than a half century to Simon's early work on discrimination nets for simulating human expertise. The major difference between DNNs and the deep memory nets meant for explaining human cognition is that the latter are symbolic networks meant to model the dynamics of human memory and learning. Cognition‐inspired symbolic deep networks (SDNs) address several known issues with DNNs, including (1) learning efficiency, where a much larger number of training examples are required for DNNs than would be expected for a human; (2) catastrophic interference, where what is learned by a DNN gets unlearned when a new problem is presented; and (3) explainability, where there is no way to explain what is learned by a DNN. This paper explores whether SDNs can achieve similar classification accuracy performance to DNNs across several popular ML datasets and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Simulations reveal that (1) SDNs provide similar accuracy to DNNs in most cases, (2) SDNs are far more efficient than DNNs, (3) SDNs are as robust as DNNs to irrelevant/noisy attributes in the data, and (4) SDNs are far more robust to catastrophic interference than DNNs. We conclude that SDNs offer a promising path toward human‐level accuracy and efficiency in category learning. More generally, ML frameworks could stand to benefit from cognitively inspired approaches, borrowing more features and functionality from models meant to simulate and explain human learning.
Crossing cultural borders: A case study of conceptual design outcomes of U.S. and Moroccan student samples
Authors: Peng Aoran , Menold Jessica , Miller Scarlett 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There has been a plethora of design theory and methodology research conducted to answer important questions centered around how ideas are developed and translated into successful products. Understanding this is vital because of the role creativity and innovation have in long-term economic success. However, most of this research have focused on U.S. samples, leaving to question if differences exist across cultural borders. Answering this question is key to supporting a successful global economy. The current work provides a first step at answering this question by examining similarities and differences in concept generation and screening practices between students in an emerging market, Morocco, and those in a more established market, the U.S during a design thinking workshop. Our results show that while students in the U.S. sample produced more ideas than the Moroccan sample, there was no difference in the perceived quality of ideas generated (idea goodness). In addition, while U.S. women were found to produce more ideas than U.S. men, there were no gender effects for students in the Moroccan sample. Finally, the results show that ideas with low goodness had a higher probability of passing concept screening if it was evaluated by its owner regardless of the population studied – identifying the potential impact of ownership bias across cultures. As a whole, these results suggest that key aspects of design theory and methodology research may in fact translate across cultures but also identified key areas for further investigation.
A Tensor Voting-Based Surface Anomaly Classification Approach by Using 3D Point Cloud Data
Authors: Du Juan , Yan Hao , Chang Tzyy-Shuh , Shi Jianjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Advanced three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology has been widely used in many industries to collect the massive point cloud data of artifacts for part dimension measurement and shape analysis. Though point cloud data has product surface quality information, it is challenging to conduct effective surface anomaly classification due to the complex data representation, high-dimensionality, and inconsistent size of the 3D point cloud data within each sample. To deal with these challenges, this paper proposes a tensor voting-based approach for anomaly classification of artifact surfaces. A case study based on 3D scanned data obtained from a manufacturing plant shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Current and possible future role of 3D modelling within oesophagogastric surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Robb Henry Douglas , Scrimgeour Gemma , Boshier Piers R , Balyasnikova Svetlana , Brown Gina , Bello Fernando , Kontovounisios Christos 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThree-dimensional (3D) reconstruction describes the generation of either virtual or physically printed anatomically accurate 3D models from two-dimensional medical images. Their implementation has revolutionised medical practice. Within surgery, key applications include growing roles in operative planning and procedures, surgical education and training, as well as patient engagement and education. In comparison to other surgical specialties, oesophagogastric surgery has been slow in their adoption of this technology. Herein the authors outline a scoping review protocol that aims to analyse the current role of 3D modelling in oesophagogastric surgery and highlight any unexplored avenues for future research.Methods and analysisThe protocol was generated using internationally accepted methodological frameworks. A succinct primary question was devised, and a comprehensive search strategy was developed for key databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Elsevier Scopus and ISI Web of Science). These were searched from their inception to 1 June 2020. Reference lists will be reviewed by hand and grey literature identified using OpenGrey and Grey Literature Report. The protocol was registered to the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ta789).Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and perform full-text reviews for study selection. There will be no methodological quality assessment to ensure a full thematic analysis is possible. A data charting tool will be created by the investigatory team. Results will be analysed to generate descriptive numerical tabular results and a thematic analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not required for the collection and analysis of the published data. The scoping review report will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and international conferences.Registration detailsThe scoping review protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ta789).
Quality of life and associated factors among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman , Mansor Nor Shuhada , Mohamad Mohd Afifuddin , Teoh Soo Huat 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) and determine its association with various factors and social support among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic after the end of movement lockdown.Design, setting and participantsThis online cross-sectional study recruited 316 participants. The inclusion criteria were students 18 years and above who were registered with the faculties of medicine at Malaysian public universities located in Klang Valley and in the states of Penang and Kelantan in Peninsular Malaysia. The exclusion criteria were those who presented with psychotic disorders, bipolar mood disorder or a history of illicit drugs.Outcome measuresParticipants were administered a self-reported questionnaire to gather data on demographic, personal, clinical and psychological characteristics. The questionnaire comprised of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the WHO Quality of Life- Brief Version (WHOQoL-BREF).ResultsThe psychological and social QoL scores were lower than the non-pandemic norms of the general population, while the physical health and environmental QoL scores were comparable. After adjusting for relevant demographic, personal and clinical variables, religious coping, greater number of hours of online classes attended, and greater social support from family, friends and significant others were significantly associated with higher QoL among the participants. Frustration due to study disruption, living in areas with a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases, and a higher severity of depressive and stress symptoms were significantly associated with lower QoL.ConclusionCOVID-19 impaired the QoL of university students even after the movement lockdown was lifted.
Primordial black holes formation in the inflationary model with field-dependent kinetic term for quartic and natural potentials
Authors: Solbi Milad , Karami Kayoomars 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWithin the framework of inflationary model with field-dependent kinetic term for quartic and natural potentials, we investigate generation of the primordial black holes (PBHs) and induced gravitational waves (GWs). In this setup, we consider a kinetic function as $$G(\phi )=g_I(\phi )\big (1+g_{II}(\phi )\big )$$

G

(
ϕ
)

=

g
I

(
ϕ
)

(

1
+

g

II

(
ϕ
)

)

and show that in the presence of first term $$g_I(\phi )$$

g
I

(
ϕ
)

both quartic and natural potentials, in contrast to the standard model of inflation, can be consistent, with the 68% CL of Planck observations. Besides, the second term $$g_{II}(\phi )$$

g

II

(
ϕ
)

can cause a significant enhancement in the primordial curvature perturbations at the small scales which results the PBHs formation. For the both potentials, we obtain an enhancement in the scalar power spectrum at the scales $$k\sim 10^{12}~{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$$

k
∼

10
12

Mpc

-
1

, $$10^{8}~{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$$

10
8

Mpc

-
1

, and $$10^{5}~{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$$

10
5

Mpc

-
1

, which causes PBHs production in mass scales around $$10^{-13}M_{\odot }$$

10

-
13

M
⊙

, $$10^{-5}M_{\odot }$$

10

-
5

M
⊙

, and $$10 M_{\odot }$$

10

M
⊙

, respectively. Observational constraints confirm that PBHs with a mass scale of $$10^{-13}M_{\odot }$$

10

-
13

M
⊙

can constitute the total of dark matter in the universe. Furthermore, we estimate the energy density parameter of induced GWs which can be examined by the observation. Also we conclude that it can be parametrized as a power-law function $$\Omega _{\mathrm{GW}}\sim (f/f_c)^n$$

Ω
GW

∼

(
f
/

f
c

)

n

, where the power index equals $$n=3-2/\ln (f_c/f)$$

n
=
3
-
2
/
ln
(

f
c

/
f
)

in the infrared limit $$f\ll f_{c}$$

f
≪

f
c

.
Gallstone Disease and Risk of Conventional Adenomas and Serrated Polyps: A Prospective Study
Authors: Polychronidis Georgios , Wang Kai , Lo Chun-Han , Wang Liang , He Mingming , Knudsen Markus D. , Wu Kana , Joshi Amit D. , Ogino Shuji , Giovannucci Edward L. , Chan Andrew T. , Song Mingyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Gallstone disease has been associated with colorectal cancer and some form of polyps, although the findings are inconclusive. It remains unknown whether gallstone disease influences the initiation of colorectal cancer.

Methods:
We prospectively assessed the association of gallstone disease with risk of colorectal cancer precursors, including conventional adenomas and serrated polyps, in the Nurses' Health Study (1992–2012), the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2011), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992–2012). Gallstone diseases were assessed using biennial follow-up questionnaires. Self-reported polyp diagnosis was confirmed by review of medical records. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the ORs with adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders.

Results:
Among participants who had undergone a total of 323,832 endoscopies, 16.5% had gallstone disease and 11.3% received cholecystectomy. We documented 1,724, 1,212, and 1,943 cases of conventional adenomas and 1,470, 1,090, and 1,643 serrated polyps in patients with gallstones, cholecystectomy, and either of them, respectively. The OR for adenomas was 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–1.06] for gallstones, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93–1.06) for cholecystectomy, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.95–1.05) for either exposure. The corresponding ORs for serrated polyps were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92–1.04), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93–1.06), and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92–1.03), respectively.

Conclusions:
Gallstone disease is not associated with colorectal polyps.

Impact:
Patients with gallstones appear to have similar risk of colorectal polyps compared with those without and may therefore follow average-risk colorectal cancer screening guidelines.
Predicted Vitamin D Status and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in the Black Women's Health Study
Authors: Barber Lauren E. , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Petrick Jessica L. , Gerlovin Hanna , White Laura F. , Adams-Campbell Lucile L. , Rosenberg Lynn , Roy Hemant K. , Palmer Julie R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Observational studies, mostly among White populations, suggest that low vitamin D levels increase colorectal cancer risk. African Americans, who are disproportionately burdened by colorectal cancer, often have lower vitamin D levels compared with other populations.

Methods:
We assessed predicted vitamin D score in relation to colorectal cancer among 49,534 participants in the Black Women's Health Study, a cohort of African American women followed from 1995 to 2017 through biennial questionnaires. We derived predicted vitamin D scores at each questionnaire cycle for all participants using a previously validated prediction model based on actual 25-hydroxyvitamin D values from a subset of participants. We calculated cumulative average predicted vitamin D score at every cycle by averaging scores from cycles up to and including that cycle. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer incidence according to predicted score quartiles.

Results:
Over follow-up, 488 incident colorectal cancers occurred. Compared with women in the highest quartile of predicted vitamin D score, those in the lowest had an estimated 41% (HR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.05–1.90) higher colorectal cancer risk. Comparable HRs were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02–2.01) for colon and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.70–2.56) for rectal cancer.

Conclusions:
Low vitamin D status may lead to elevated colorectal cancer risk in African American women.

Impact:
Our findings, taken together with established evidence that vitamin D levels are generally lower in African Americans than other U.S. groups, suggest that low vitamin D status may contribute to the disproportionately high colorectal cancer incidence among African Americans.
Ranitidine Use and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Adami Hans-Olov , Trolle Andersen Ina , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Chang Ellen T. , Nørgaard Mette , Toft Sørensen Henrik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
The discovery that ranitidine is contaminated with N-nitrosodimethylamine, a suspected human carcinogen, raises the hypothesis of a gastrointestinal carcinogenic effect; however, evidence remains inconclusive.

Methods:
We used the nationwide Danish Prescription Registry to identify a cohort of incident ranitidine users and two active comparator cohorts comprising users of other histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RB) and users of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). All Danish adults with a first prescription of ranitidine, other H2RBs, or PPIs in 1996 through 2008 were followed virtually completely through 2018 for incidence of esophageal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancers. We used Cox regression with propensity-score weighting to calculate hazard ratios and 10-year cumulative risk with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
We ascertained 276 newly diagnosed esophageal, 342 stomach, 133 hepatocellular, and 517 pancreatic cancers among ranitidine users during follow-up (median 14 years). In comparison with use of other H2RBs or PPIs, we found no consistent evidence of increased HRs or excess 10-year cumulative risk of any upper gastrointestinal cancer following ranitidine use. We observed no association after restriction to subjects with at least 5 or 10 prescriptions or those with 10 prescriptions and at least 10 years of follow-up.

Conclusions:
Our large prospective study using high-quality prescription and cancer incidence data, with two active comparator groups, provides no compelling evidence that ranitidine increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers.

Impact:
Our results, which do not support any carcinogenic effect on esophagus, stomach, liver or pancreas, should be reassuring for millions of concerned past users of ranitidine.