bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the comprehensiveness, accuracy and currency of the Cochrane COVID‐19 Study Register for supporting rapid evidence synthesis production
Authors: Metzendorf Maria‐Inti , Featherstone Robin M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Cochrane COVID‐19 Study Register (CCSR) is a public, continually updated database of COVID‐19 study references. The aim of this study‐based register is to support rapid and living evidence synthesis, including an evidence ecosystem of COVID‐19 research (CEOsys). In November and December 2020, we conducted an evaluation of the CCSR for CEOsys, measured its performance and identified areas for improvement. For the evaluation we generated a purposive sample of 286 studies from 20 reviews to calculate the CCSR's comprehensiveness (sensitivity), accuracy (correctly classified and linked studies) and currency (time to publish and process references). Our sample showed that the CCSR had an overall comprehensiveness of 77.2%, with the highest coverage for interventional studies (94.4%). The study register had 100% coverage for trial registry records, 86.5% for journal articles and 52.4% for preprints. A total of 98.3% of references were correctly classified with regard to study type, and 93.4% with regard to study aim. A total of 89% of studies were correctly linked. A total of 81.4% of references were published to the register in under 30 days, with 0.5 day (median) for trial registry records, 2 days for journal articles and 56 days for preprints. The CCSR had high comprehensiveness, accurate study classifications and short publishing times for journal articles and trial registry records in the sample. We identified that coverage and publishing time for preprints needed improvement. Finally, the evaluation illustrated the value of a study‐based register for identifying additional study references for analysis in evidence synthesis.
Tourist versus resident movement patterns in open scenic areas: Case study of Confucius Temple Scenic area, Nanjing, China
Authors: Wu Chengcheng , Chen Dawei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article aims at exploring various pedestrian movement patterns and their interactions in open scenic areas. Spatial influence from road networks is also considered by using Space syntax. The results caught three types of movement patterns and two significant interactions. Spatial influence has a strong connection to pedestrians, but differs due to pedestrian type. Prediction models based on random forest were built and showed better performance for resident pedestrians. The results can enhance the walking comforts of tourists and residents in open scenic areas, and give practical suggestions for scenic management, attraction planning and internal road improvement.
Preprints as an alternative to conference proceedings: A hands‐on experience at EDICIC Iberian Meeting 2019
Authors: Urbano Cristóbal , Tafalla Sara , Borrego Ángel , Abadal Ernest 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article investigated a novel method of disseminating conference proceedings via preprint servers. The EDICIC 2019 conference encouraged presenters to upload their research onto preprint servers before the conference and did not produce a conference proceedings. The objective of this was to facilitate pre‐conference dissemination of the research and use the conference for debate. Authors could then submit their articles to a journal. A survey of participating authors shows that they had little familiarity with preprints prior to the conference. Nevertheless, nearly three‐quarters of authors deposited their preprints before the conference. Most respondents were in favour or pre‐conference deposit and believed it would allow conferences to run more smoothly. However there was concern that Library and Information Science journals will not accept submissions that have been issued as preprints. Authors also expressed concerns about the lack of recognition for their research if conference proceedings are not published. They highlighted the effort required to pass a double evaluation by conference organizers and then by journal editors, emphasized that the culture of preprints and open science is not consolidated in the discipline yet, and noted that the aim of increasing interaction and debate in the conference was not fully reached.
Near‐Unity and Zero‐Thermal‐Quenching Far‐Red‐Emitting Composite Ceramics via Pressureless Glass Crystallization
Authors: Zheng Guojun , Xiao Wenge , Wu Huajun , Wu Jianhong , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLaser‐driven (LD) lighting is emerging as the next‐generation high‐power solid‐state lighting technology. All‐inorganic color converters with high quantum efficiency (QE), small thermal quenching, high thermal conductivity, and high thermal and chemical stabilities are crucial to coping with the enormous heat generated in LD lighting. Although luminescent translucent ceramics are the most promising class of color converters, only green/yellow‐emitting ones with satisfactory performance are developed before. Here, a far‐red‐emitting composite ceramics Y3Al5O12 (YAG)–Al2O3:Cr3+ with near‐unity internal QE and zero‐thermal quenching are prepared via pressureless glass crystallization, where the inside light scattering is finely tuned by simply manipulating the temperature to induce controllable grain growth. The commonly used inert matrix Al2O3 here becomes an optically active component as YAG, thus alleviating the undesired concentration quenching while maintaining strong light absorption. Therefore, a high‐power LD far‐red lighting source with luminescence saturation threshold up to 21.4 W mm−2 is demonstrated, which may find broad applications in plant growth lighting, solar simulators, and phototherapy.
Laboratory study of the electrical properties of Lutetian limestones in the 100 Hz to 10 MHz frequency range
Authors: Souffaché Blaise , Tabbagh Alain 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTLutetian limestones have been widely used in historical monuments within the Paris Basin during the course of the medieval and modern periods. Among the physical properties that can be used to assess the evolution of the limestonesin situin the buildings and their present health, the complex effective permittivity in the 10–100 kHz frequency range is easy to measure and reflects the internal structure of the stone along with the dependence on the water content. To improve our knowledge about this property, a laboratory study on four samples collected in the relevant quarries has been undertaken using measurements in the 100 Hz–10 MHz frequency range. Except close to zero water content, the observed results exhibit a quasi‐absence of variation of the real effective permittivity with the water content. The frequency variation fits fairly well with a model taking into account a Jonscher's decrease, a direct current conductivity, a high‐frequency dielectric permittivity and losses, and a relaxation phenomenon. When fitted by a Cole–Cole model, the magnitude of the corresponding relative permittivity change always stays close to 30, but the time constant varies from 1.0 μs to 0.1 μs as the water content increases.
What we hoped for and what we achieved: Tax performance of Semi‐Autonomous Revenue Authorities in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Jeppesen Matilde 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSemi‐Autonomous Revenue Authorities (SARAs) have been introduced widely in the Global South with the hope of improving tax performance. However, while implementing the reform is an extensive restructuring and expensive endeavour, there is scarce systematic information on how SARAs have actually performed. This paper examines the average tax performance effect of introducing a SARA in sub‐Saharan Africa and finds a positive effect on direct tax revenue, but no effect on indirect or total tax revenue. This is significant as it implies that implementing a SARA is not a quick‐fix solution to improving total tax performance, but it does still offer some advantages. Additionally, the heterogeneous effects on direct and total tax revenue highlight the importance of how tax performance is evaluated.
Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance strategy for patients with Diamond Blackfan anemia: Preliminary recommendations from the Diamond Blackfan Anemia Registry
Authors: Lipton Jeffrey M. , Molmenti Christine L.S. , Hussain Maryam , Desai Pooja , Florento Maria , Atsidaftos Eva , Vlachos Adrianna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by red cell failure, congenital anomalies, poor linear growth, and cancer predisposition. Two previous analyses from the Diamond Blackfan Anemia Registry have quantified DBA as a cancer predisposition syndrome of moderate cancer penetrance. Patients with DBA have a 4.8‐fold higher relative risk of developing cancer with an overall cumulative incidence of 13.7% by age 45 years. The two most prevalent solid tumors are colorectal cancer (CRC) and osteogenic sarcoma. Current and evolving data support the institution of cancer screening and surveillance strategies for CRC in DBA.
Understanding decisions to participate in genomic medicine in children's cancer care: A comparison of what influences parents, health care providers, and the general community
Authors: De Abreu Lourenco Richard , McCarthy Maria C. , McMillan Laura J. , Sullivan Michael , Gillam Lyn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe emerging role of genomically guided precision medicine in pediatric cancer care presents significant clinical, practical, and ethical challenges. We investigated the factors that influence decision‐making in genomic medicine from the perspective of different stakeholders in the context of difficult‐to‐treat childhood cancer.MethodsHealth care providers (HCPs), parents of childhood cancer survivors, and general community members completed an online discrete choice experiment survey. Respondents considered whether to recommend (HCPs) or choose (parents/community) a genomically guided approach to pediatric cancer treatment. Respondents completed eight choice questions varying by survival benefit, prognosis, likelihood of finding a target, quality of life (QoL), HCP/parent preference, need for biopsy, cost, and who pays. Data were analyzed using a probability regression model, with findings expressed as relative importance, stated importance, and marginal willingness to pay (mWTP).ResultsOne hundred twenty‐six HCPs, 130 parents, and 531 community members participated. The probability of recommending/choosing genomically guided treatment increased significantly with better prognosis, survival benefit, improvements in QoL, and decision‐making partner support. It decreased with increasing costs and if parents paid for treatment. HCPs were more responsive to all factors but were most influenced by survival outcomes, and parents and community members by QoL. In contrast to these forced choice preference results, HCPs stated they were most influenced by QoL and community members by survival.ConclusionOur findings support the primacy of QoL in genomic decision‐making, with some differences across stakeholders in the other factors influencing decision‐making. These findings emphasize the need for high‐quality information giving and communication to support genomic medicine choices.
Validation of an ICD‐10‐based algorithm to identify stillbirth in the Sentinel System
Authors: Andrade Susan E. , Shinde Mayura , Moore Simas Tiffany A. , Bird Steven T. , Bohn Justin , Haynes Kevin , Taylor Lockwood G. , Lauring Julianne R. , Longley Erin , McMahill‐Walraven Cheryl N. , Trinacty Connie M. , Saphirak Cassandra , Delude Christopher , DeLuccia Sandra , Zhang Tancy , Cole David V. , DiNunzio Nina , Gertz Autumn , Fazio‐Eynullayeva Elnara , Stojanovic Danijela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM)‐based algorithm to identify cases of stillbirth using electronic healthcare data.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using claims data from three Data Partners (healthcare systems and insurers) in the Sentinel Distributed Database. Algorithms were developed using ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis codes to identify potential stillbirths among females aged 12–55 years between July 2016 and June 2018. A random sample of medical charts (N = 169) was identified for chart abstraction and adjudication. Two physician adjudicators reviewed potential cases to determine whether a stillbirth event was definite/probable, the date of the event, and the gestational age at delivery. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated for the algorithms. Among confirmed cases, agreement between the claims data and medical charts was determined for the outcome date and gestational age at stillbirth.ResultsOf the 110 potential cases identified, adjudicators determined that 54 were stillbirth events. Criteria for the algorithm with the highest PPV (82.5%; 95% CI, 70.9%–91.0%) included the presence of a diagnosis code indicating gestational age ≥20 weeks and occurrence of either >1 stillbirth‐related code or no other pregnancy outcome code (i.e., livebirth, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion) recorded on the index date. We found ≥90% agreement within 7 days between the claims data and medical charts for both the outcome date and gestational age at stillbirth.ConclusionsOur results suggest that electronic healthcare data may be useful for signal detection of medical product exposures potentially associated with stillbirth.
Organic dye‐based photoinitiating systems for visible‐light‐induced photopolymerization
Authors: Sun Ke , Xiao Pu , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEven though many organic dyes have been reported as photoinitiators/photosensitizers for free radical polymerization in the literature, the design and development of novel photoinitiating systems based on organic dyes adaptable for visible light irradiation, for example, 405 nm LED and sunlight still remains challenging. Recently, major achievements in the development of high‐performance photoinitiating systems based on organic dyes as light‐harvesting compounds and their uses as photoinitiators for photopolymerization under visible‐light irradiation have clearly emerged, giving rise to abundant literature. In this review, an overview of the recently synthesized chromophores belonging to various families of organic dyes and used as photoinitiators of polymerization during the 2018–2021 period are presented and classified. Recent works have resulted in the development of new chromophores exhibiting remarkable visible light absorption properties and excellent photoinitiation abilities upon irradiation with LEDs and/or sunlight in free radical photopolymerization processes. These developments notably indicate that sunlight has the advantages of being a cheap, unlimited, broad emission spectrum, and energy‐saving light source capable to be an efficient substitute to artificial light sources. The newly developed dye‐based photoinitiating systems designed to initiate visible‐light‐induced photopolymerization processes are likely to expand the scope of application of photopolymerization in modern sciences and technologies.
Mental disorders, length of hospitalization, and psychopharmacy–New approaches to identify barriers to psychological support for patients with cancer
Authors: Günther Moritz Philipp , Schulze Jan Ben , Jellestad Lena , Mehnert‐Theuerkauf Anja , von Känel Roland , Euler Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite abundant evidence that emotional distress is frequent in cancer patients and associated with adverse health outcomes, distress screening rates and adequate referrals to psychological support programs among those in need are insufficient in many cancer centers. We therefore aimed to analyze patient‐ and treatment‐related barriers to distress screening and referrals to psychological support as a mandatory component of best‐practice cancer care.MethodIn the present explorative study, latent class analysis was used to identify homogeneous subgroups among 4837 patients diagnosed with cancer between 2011 and 2019.ResultsFour subgroups were identified. Patients with a mental disorder and psychopharmacology were least probable to be screened for distress. Together with patients aged 65 or older and male patients, they were also less likely to receive psychological support. Patients hospitalized for 28 days or longer were most likely to be both screened and to receive psychological support.ConclusionsClinicians and researchers are recommended not neglect patients with mental disorders and psychopharmacological treatment as well as male and elderly patients when screening for distress and providing access to psychological support.
NF‐κB Rel subunit exchange on a physiological timescale
Authors: Biancalana Matthew , Natan Eviatar , Lenardo Michael J. , Fersht Alan R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Rel proteins of the NF‐κB complex comprise one of the most investigated transcription factor families, forming a variety of hetero‐ or homodimers. Nevertheless, very little is known about the fundamental kinetics of NF‐κB complex assembly, or the inter‐conversion potential of dimerised Rel subunits. Here, we examined an unexplored aspect of NF‐κB dynamics, focusing on the dissociation and reassociation of the canonical p50 and p65 Rel subunits and their ability to form new hetero‐ or homodimers. We employed a soluble expression system to enable the facile production of NF‐κB Rel subunits, and verified these proteins display canonical NF‐κB nucleic acid binding properties. Using a combination of biophysical techniques, we demonstrated that, at physiological temperatures, homodimeric Rel complexes routinely exchange subunits with a half‐life of less than 10 min. In contrast, we found a dramatic preference for the formation of the p50/p65 heterodimer, which demonstrated a kinetic stability of at least an order of magnitude greater than either homodimer. These results suggest that specific DNA targets of either the p50 or p65 homodimers can only be targeted when these subunits are expressed exclusively, or with the intervention of additional post‐translational modifications. Together, this work implies a new model of how cells can modulate NF‐κB activity by fine‐tuning the relative proportions of the p50 and p65 proteins, as well as their time of expression. This work thus provides a new quantitative interpretation of Rel dimer distribution in the cell, particularly for those who are developing mathematical models of NF‐κB activity.
Pesticide use in sugar beet cultivation in Germany and assessment of the associated environmental risks using the risk indicator SYNOPS‐GIS
Authors: Nause Nelia , Strassemeyer Jörn , Mahlein Anne‐Katrin , Stockfisch Nicol 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe assessment of the environmental risks for pesticides is a current topic of the European Union (EU) strategy ‘Farm to Fork’. Therefore, an analysis of the status quo of pesticide use from 2010 to 2015 and the associated environmental risks was performed for sugar beet cultivation in Germany. Based on this assessment, crop protection strategies should be developed that contribute to risk reduction.RESULTSPesticide use data from 2314 randomly chosen sugar beet growing farms were available from annual farm surveys from 2010 until 2015. Possible environmental risks from pesticide applications were calculated with the model SYNOPS‐GIS. Each pesticide application pattern was combined with several model fields. The concentrations of active ingredients in the non‐target compartments, namely soil, neighboring surface waters and field margins, were used to determined risk indices (exposure toxicity ratios, ETRs) for different terrestrial and aquatic reference species. ETRs were mainly lower than a risk threshold used throughout this study (ETR = 1). The risks caused by herbicide use were studied in more detail since herbicides are applied on nearly all fields. The aquatic risks posed by herbicides were independent of specific active ingredients or application patterns. Instead, certain combinations of active ingredients, application dates and field‐specific environmental conditions provoked higher risks. The aquatic risks were strongly influenced by the distance of the fields to surface waters.CONCLUSIONSFurther risk mitigation seems possible by combining field‐specific measures and technical options. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polydatin protects Schwann cells from methylglyoxal induced cytotoxicity and promotes crushed sciatic nerves regeneration of diabetic rats
Authors: Chen Lulu , Chen Zixiang , Xu Zhuqiu , Feng Weifeng , Yang Xiaonan , Qi Zuoliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOxidative stress plays the main role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Polydatin (PD) has been shown to exhibit strong antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects. At present, no research has focused on the possible effects of PD on Schwann cells and impaired peripheral nerves in diabetic models. Here, we used an in vitro Schwann cell damage model induced by methylglyoxal and an in vivo diabetic sciatic nerve crush model to study problems in such an area. In our experiment, we demonstrated that PD potently alleviated the decrease of cellular viability, prevented reactive oxygen species generation, and suppressed mitochondrial depolarization as well as cellular apoptosis in damaged Schwann cells. Moreover, we found that PD could upregulate Nrf2 and Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) expression and inhibit Keap1 and receptor of AGEs (RAGE) expression of damaged Schwann cells. Finally, our in vivo experiment showed that PD could promote sciatic nerves repair of diabetic rats. Our results revealed that PD exhibited prominent neuroprotective effects on Schwann cells and sciatic nerves in diabetic models. The molecular mechanisms were associated with activating Nfr2 and GLO1 and inhibiting Keap1 and RAGE.
Underwater robots provide similar fish biodiversity assessments as divers on coral reefs
Authors: Maslin Mathilde , Louis Silvain , Godary Dejean Karen , Lapierre Lionel , Villéger Sébastien , Claverie Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoral reefs are under increasing threat, and the loss of reef‐associated fishes providing valuable ecosystem services is accelerating. The monitoring of such rapid changes has become a challenge for ecologists and ecosystems managers using traditional approaches like scuba divers performing underwater visual censuses (UVC) or diver operated video recording (DOV). However, the use of small, low‐cost robots could help tackle the challenge of such monitoring, provided that they perform at least as well as diver‐based methods. To address this question, tropical fish assemblages from 13 fringing reefs around Mayotte Island (Indian Ocean) were monitored along 50 m‐long transects using stereo videos recorded by a semi‐autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV) and by a scuba diver (Diver Operated stereo Video system, DOV). Differences between the methods were tested for complementary fish assemblage metrics (species richness, total biomass, total density, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness) and for the number and size of nine targeted species. SAUV recorded on average 35% higher biomass than DOV which in turn recorded on average 12% higher species richness. Biomass differences were found to be due to SAUV monitoring larger fishes than DOV, a potential marker of human‐related fish avoidance behaviour. This study demonstrates that SAUV provides accurate metrics of coral reef fish biodiversity compared to diver‐based procedures. Given their ability to conduct video transects at high frequency, 100 m depth range and at a moderate cost, SAUV is a promising tool for monitoring fish assemblages in coral reef ecosystems.