bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Performance of a Novel, Smartphone-based, Head-mounted Perimeter (GearVision) With the Humphrey Field Analyzer
Authors: Pradhan Zia S. , Sircar Tushar , Agrawal Harshit , Rao Harsha L. , Bopardikar Ajit , Devi Sathi , Tiwari Vijay N. 
Published: February 2021

Precis:
The agreement between a head-mounted perimeter [GearVision (GV)] and Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) for total threshold sensitivity was a mean difference of −1.9 dB (95% limits of agreement −5 to 1). GV was the preferred perimeter in 68.2% of participants.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare reliability indices and threshold sensitivities obtained using a novel, smartphone-based, head-mounted perimeter (GV) with the HFA in normal, glaucoma suspect and glaucoma patients. A secondary objective was to evaluate the subjective experience participants had with both perimeters using a questionnaire.

Methods:
In a prospective, cross-sectional study; 107 eyes (34 glaucoma, 18 glaucoma suspect, and 55 normal) of 54 participants underwent HFA and GV in random order. The main outcome measure was the agreement of threshold sensitivities using Bland and Altman analysis. Participants also completed a questionnaire about their experience with the devices.

Results:
Median false-positive response rate for GV was 7% (4% to 12%), while for HFA it was 0% (0% to 6%, P<0.001). Median false-negative response rate was similar for both tests. In all, 84 eyes with reliable HFA and GV results were included in the final analysis. Median threshold sensitivity of all 52 points on HFA was 29.1 dB (26.5 to 30.7 dB) and for GV was 30.6 dB (29.1 to 32.6 dB; P<0.001). Mean difference (95% limits of agreement) in total threshold sensitivity between HFA and GV was −1.9 dB (−5 to 1 dB). The 95% limits of agreement were fairly narrow (−8 to 2 dB) across the 6 Garway-Heath sectors. Most participants preferred to perform GV (68.2%) if required to repeat perimetry compared with HFA (20.6%, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
There was fairly good agreement between the threshold sensitivities of GV and HFA. GV was also preferred by most patients and could potentially supplement HFA as a portable or home perimeter.
Candidemia in Children
Authors: Silvester Eloise J. , Watanabe Melissa M. Y. , Pittet Laure F. , Boast Alison , Bryant Penelope A. , Haeusler Gabrielle M. , Daley Andrew J. , Curtis Nigel , Gwee Amanda 
Published: February 2021

Background:

Candida species are the most common cause of systemic fungal infections in children. Risk factors for candidemia vary in different patient populations, posing challenges for clinical prediction of infection. We describe the epidemiology and clinical disease of candidemia in children admitted to a tertiary pediatric hospital.

Methods:
Retrospective audit of children ≤18 years of age with candidemia at a tertiary pediatric hospital over a 16-year period.

Results:
There were 139 episodes of candidemia in 124 children. A central venous catheter was present in 94% of episodes, prior antibiotic exposure in 86% and parenteral nutrition in 43%. During the study period, the proportion of candidemia due to non-albicans Candida spp. increased primarily due to a rise in C. krusei. Colonization with Candida spp. in the 30 days before developing candidemia was identified in 40% of episodes and the species was concordant in 60%. Infection at other sites was rare, including pulmonary dissemination (9/38, 24%), renal fungal disease (9/114, 8%), fungal endophthalmitis (8/102, 8%) and hepatosplenic nodules (5/92, 5%). Overall, 8/127 (6%) isolates were fluconazole-resistant (7 C. krusei and 1 C. glabrata) and 7/127 (6%) had intermediate susceptibility to fluconazole. The overall 30-day mortality was 12% and significant risk factors for mortality on multivariate analysis were male sex, liver disease and mucositis.

Conclusions:
Our study outlines low rates of disseminated candidiasis and low mortality associated with candidemia at our institution. Additionally, it suggests that prior colonization may be an important risk factor, however, this should be validated in large prospective controlled studies.
Predictive factors for disease recurrence in patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with curative surgery
Authors: Chang Te-Wei , Cheng Wei-Ming , Fan Yu-Hua , Lin Chih-Chieh , Lin Tzu-Ping , Yi-Hsiu Huang Eric , Chung Hsiao-Jen , Huang William J.S. , Weng Shih-Han 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Few prognostic factors have been proposed for patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to investigate the possible predictive factors for disease-free survival (DFS) after curative surgery for RCC stage T3 or higher.

Methods:
Patients with locally advanced RCC who underwent cure-intended partial or radical nephrectomy, with or without tumor thrombectomy, at our institution from April 1, 2005 to October 31, 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Those undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy were excluded. Preoperative data, including surgical and pathologic characteristics, were assessed for correlation with DFS. Chi-square tests, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan–Meier survival curve analyses were performed to determine potential predictive factors. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 159 patients were included for analysis. The mean duration of follow-up was 37.9 months, and 119 (74.8%) patients remained disease-free during follow-up. Disease recurrence was found in 40 (25.2%) patients, and pathologic T stage, capsule penetration, Fuhrman grade, thrombocytosis, renal vein thrombosis, and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were significantly associated with disease recurrence on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, Fuhrman grade 3 or 4 (HR = 5.70, p = 0.0003, 95% CI = 2.23–14.56) showed significant associations with DFS.

Conclusion:
In patients with locally advanced RCC, Fuhrman grade was associated with worse DFS after curative surgery. Urologists should closely monitor patients with high Fuhrman grades.
A novel low-profile external skeletal fixator for type IIIB open tibial fractures: A biomechanical and clinical pilot study
Authors: Tarng Yih-Wen , Lin Kai-Cheng , Lin Kun-Jhih , Yang Yi-Ping , Chien Yeuh , Wei Hung-Wen 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Although external fixator is standard for managing staged treatment of open tibial fracture, the main disadvantage of this device is too bulky to be tolerated by most patients for longtime use. The purposes of this pilot study were to compare the biomechanical properties of a novel low-profile external fixator (LP-ESF) with a traditional ESF and also to evaluate its performance in patients with Gustilo type IIIb tibial open fractures.

Methods:
A prospective clinical pilot study started from January 2015 to December 2017, and 18 patients with Gustilo type IIIb open tibial fractures underwent the fixation with a novel LP-ESF system. The biomechanical properties of the LP-ESF were compared with the Synthes External Fixation System according to the standard ASTM F1541-02. These patients were divided into two groups according to the size of bony defect. The postoperative clinical outcomes were subsequently collected.

Results:
The biomechanical properties of the LP-ESF were comparable with those of Synthes External Fixation System and had an improved the axial/torsional stiffness and ultimate strength. In the clinical study, all patients with LP-ESF had fracture union. The duration of application of LP-ESF was 3.5 to 18 months until fracture union. In 10 of 18 patients, their fractures were immobilized with the LP-ESF until bone union, and no pin tract infection and no chronic osteomyelitis were recorded. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey life quality and health survey were good to excellent in these patients. Notably, the LP-ESF allowed a patient with severe bone and soft-tissue defects to preserve the leg and joints function.

Conclusion:
In this study, we found that the novel LP-ESFs had improved clinical outcomes. The long-term LP-ESF application seems to be tolerable in our patients. This novel approach permits better controls in deep infection and faster healing of fractures, and thus may provide a viable alternative treatment for Gustilo type IIIb open tibial fractures.
When pancreas solid mass meets liver cystic lesion: A case report
Authors: Han Haifeng , Yang Jian , Hu Sanyuan , Zhan Hanxiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are in low incidence compared with other pancreatic tumors, and they present as various pathological forms, including solid, cystic and solid-cystic lesions. Herein, we report a rare case that presents cystic lesions in liver originating from solid pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. It can be easily misdiagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or primary hepatic cancer according to imaging by surgeons without extensive professional experience. Therefore, it reminders surgeons the privotal role of pathological biopsy to diagnose the disease correctly. The ethical approval and written consent were waived by the institutional review board of our hospital owing to the retrospective nature of the study and routine treatments performed on this patient in clinical practice.
Current situation, consensus and controversy of perioperative nutrition management in pancreatic surgery: A narrative review
Authors: Xu Jingyong , Wei Junmin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic surgery contains several major procedures of pancreatectomy. Surgical trauma, severe complications and preoperative nutritional disorders will affect postoperative recovery and clinical outcomes of patients. Perioperative whole-course nutrition management focus on rational nutritional care from admission to discharge even post-hospital follow-up, including preoperative nutritional screening, perioperative nutrition assessment and intervention. The whole-course strategy has been validated in some other fields by RCTs and is also seemed to be suitable for pancreatic surgery. However, few high-grade evidences have been published and controversy still exists. This review aims to reflect the current situation, consensus and controversy of perioperative nutrition management in pancreatic surgery, expecting to provide necessary guidance for clinical research and practice.
Validation of the STEP deflation algorithm of the Midmark IQvitals Zone Vital Signs Monitor: part of a novel clinical ecosystem
Authors: Alpert Bruce S. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
Assess the accuracy of the Midmark IQvitals Zone Vital Signs Monitor STEP deflation algorithm according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2 Standard.

Methods
A total of 85 subjects completed the testing protocol. All standard requirements for gender, blood pressure (BP) values, and arm circumferences were met. Manual auscultation was performed by testers blinded to the device; the manual BP values were compared to the device readings.

Results:
The Standard Criterion 1 data analyses showed mean ± SD device minus manual BP values of 1.22 ± 6.3 mmHg for SBP and −1.67 ± 6.09 mmHg for DBP. The SD values for criterion 2 were 5.06 mmHg (SBP) and 4.98 mmHg (DBP).

Conclusions
The device passed all Standard requirements. The Midmark IQvitals Zone device has features to improve accuracy and reduce or eliminate transcription errors and inaccuracy from improper patient positioning.
Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and alterations of body composition
Authors: Cava Edda , Carbone Salvatore 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
This manuscript reviews evidence collected during COVID-19 pandemic and provides information on the impact of body composition on severity and outcomes of the disease, analysing methods used for body composition assessment. Malnutrition-screening tools will also be discussed to screen and diagnose the patients at higher risk of COVID-19 severity and related worse outcomes.

Recent findings
COVID-19 can occur in a wide range of presentation, from asymptomatic to severe forms. Among the major risk factors for worse severity, overnutrition, undernutrition and body composition play a role in the ability to respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Excess fat accumulation (i.e. obesity) or lean mass loss and functionality (i.e. sarcopenia) or a combination of both (i.e. sarcopenic obesity) can affect whole-body functioning. These body composition alterations in the short-term can influence susceptibility and immunological responses to the virus, inflammatory reaction, metabolic and respiratory distress, while in the long-term can modulate disease outcomes, namely length of stay, time required for recovery, risk of ICU-acquired weakness and long-term disabilities, and potentially increase the risk of death.

Summary
Individuals with malnutrition, sarcopenia, obesity, sarcopenic obesity and older adults with abnormal body composition or malnutrition risk may require tailored medical nutrition therapy to improve short and long-term COVID-19 outcomes.
Clinical features and prognostic factors of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Daegu, South Korea
Authors: Kim Eun Jin , Lee Yong Hoon , Park Jae Seok , Lee Jaehee , Lee Shin Yup , Kim Yeonjae , Kwon Yong Shik , Jang Jong Geol , Shin Kyeong-Cheol , Kim Kyung Chan , Choi Eun Young 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Daegu, South Korea, and to explore the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in these patients.
Retrospective cohort study of 110 critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU in Daegu, South Korea, between February 18 and April 5, 2020. The final date of follow-up was April 20, 2020.
A total of 110 patient medical records were reviewed. The median age was 71 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 63–78 years). During the study period, 47 patients (42.7%) died in the hospital. The most common SARS-CoV-2 infection related complication was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 95 patients (86.4%). Of the 79 patients (71.8%) who received invasive mechanical ventilation, 46 (58.2%) received neuromuscular blockade injection, and 19 (24.1%) received ECMO treatment. All patients received antibiotic injection, 99 patients (90%) received hydroxychloroquine, 96 patients (87.3%) received lopinavir-ritonavir antiviral medication, and 14 patients (12.7%) received other antiviral agents, including darunavir-cobicistat and emtricitabine-tenofovir. In the multivariable logistic regression model, the odds ratio of in-hospital death was higher with APACHE II score (OR = 1.126; 95% CI = 1.014–1.252; P
= .027).
The in-hospital mortality rate of critically ill patients with COVID-19 was approximately 40%. Higher APACHE II score at admission was an independent risk factor for death in these patients.
The effect of coagulation factors in 2019 novel coronavirus patients
Authors: Xiang Guiling , Hao Shengyu , Fu Cuiping , Hu Weiping , Xie Liang , Wu Qinhan , Li Shanqun , Liu Xuhui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
The role of coagulation dysfunction in Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inconsistent. We aimed to explore the impact of coagulation dysfunction amongst patients with COVID-19.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases from December 1, 2019 to April 27, 2020 following Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Data about coagulation (Platelets, PT, APTT, fibrin, fibrinogen degradation products, D-dimer), prevalence of coagulation dysfunction and mortality were extracted. Meta regression was used to explore the heterogeneity.

Results:
Sixteen observational studies were included, comprising 2, 139 patients with confirmed COVID-19. More severe COVID-19 cases tended to have higher mean D-dimer (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.03, P < .001). The similar pattern occurred with PT and fibrin, with a contrary trend for PLTs. Coagulation dysfunction was more frequent in severe cases compared to less severe (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.67, P < .001). Higher mortality was associated with COVID-19-related coagulopathy (RR 10.86, 2.86 to 41.24, P < .001). Prevalence of ARDS was increased in more severe patients than less severe cases (RR 16.52, 11.27 to 24.22, P < .001). PT, fibrin and D-dimer levels elevated significantly in non-survivors during hospitalization.

Conclusion:
Presence of coagulation dysfunction might be associated with COVID-19 severity, and coagulopathy might be associated with mortality. Coagulation markers including PT, fibrin and D-dimer may imply the progression of COVID-19. This illuminates the necessity of effectively monitoring coagulation function for preventing COVID-19-related coagulopathy, especially in severe patients. For the obvious heterogeneity, the quality of the evidence is compromised. Future rigorous randomized controlled trials that assess the correlation between coagulation and COVID-19 are needed.

Trial registration:
PROSPERO (CRD42020183514).
The optimal dosage of pefcitinib for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zhou Yuyi , Sun Chunfang , Chen Chunyan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Previous meta-analyses have indicated that peficitinib was the promising agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Meanwhile, a recent network meta-analysis has further investigated the comparative efficacy of different peficitinib regimes. However, pooled results from previous network meta-analysis must be cautiously interpreted because 2 eligible studies were missed. Therefore, we designed this updated network meta-analysis to further establish the optimal dosage of peficitinib in treating RA.

Methods:
We will carry out a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with Markov Chain Monte Carlo method in order to merge direct and indirect evidence. We will identify potentially eligible studies through searching 4 databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledgement Infrastructure (CNKI) until to December 2020. We will make this network meta-analysis following the process recommended by the Cochrane Handbook.

Discussion:
As a systematic and chronic autoimmune disease, RA primarily was characterized by persistent synovitis, progressive joint injury, and deformity. Patients who were identified as RA will experience a series of adverse consequences such as disability and poor quality of life (QoL). Peficitinib, one of the Janus kinases (JAKs) inhibitors, has been suggested to be effective in treating active RA by numerous clinical studies and meta-analyses. Although a recent meta-analysis investigated the comparative efficacy of different dosages of peficitinib, reliable results cannot be obtained because it missed 2 critical eligible studies. We designed this updated network meta-analysis through including all eligible studies to further ask which dosages may be the preferred option for treating active RA.

Ethics and dissemination:
No ethics approval and informed consent will be required in our meta-analysis. Our findings in this updated network meta-analysis will be disseminated via conferences and academic journal.

Open Science Framework (OSF) Registration DOI Number:
This protocol of updated network meta-analysis has been registered in Open Science Framework (OSF) system on January 8, 2021. The unique registration DOI number of 10.17605/OSF.IO/YSPM6 has been approved for our protocol (accessible at: https://osf.io/yspm6).
The effect of the therapy of “combination 3 methods progression” in patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction (constipated type)
Authors: Li Qing , Shen Yin-Li , Jiang Yun-Lan , Li Dong-Shuang , Jin Song 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
As one of the important manifestations of neurogenic bowel dysfunction, constipation is characterized by high incidence and harmful effects. It has a negative impact on both physical and psychological health of patients. And there are no effective treatment options for this type of disease clinically. Therefore, this study is designed to examine the effect of the therapy of “combination 3 methods progression” in patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction (constipated type).

Methods:
This is a randomized, controlled, parallel-design clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction (constipated type) will be randomly assigned to intervention group and control group. The control group will receive 4 weeks of usual rehabilitation care, the intervention group will receive 4 weeks of the therapy of “combination 3 methods progression” in addition to usual rehabilitation care. The primary outcome is the number of spontaneous bowel movement per week. Secondary outcomes are stool characteristics, degree of difficulty in defecation, level of anxiety, level of depression, and level of self-efficacy.

Discussion:
The interventions of this protocol have been programmed to alleviate constipation in patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction. Findings may provide preliminary evidence for clinical efficacy of the therapy of “combination 3 methods progression.”

Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, IDF: ChiCTR2000041463. Registered on December 26, 2020.
Very fast-progressive pulmonary opacities and high inflammatory factors levels are associated with decease of young Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Xiong Ying , Wu Ting , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of young adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia who were critically ill and to identify the features associated with non-survival.
Thirty-eight COVID-19 patients (20–45 years old, 28 men) who had been admitted in the intensive care unit were included, including 18 non-survivors (group 1) and 20 survivors (group 2). Their clinical characteristics and initial and follow-up CT were compared between groups.
In group 1, the days from illness onset to death were 21.1 ± 10.3 days; 7 patients had underlying comorbidities. At admission, group 1 exhibited higher serum ferritin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (1142.6 ± 242.4 mg/L and 33.8 ± 18.6 mmol/L) compared with group 2 (728.3 ± 150.9 mg/L and 15.2 ± 6.9 mmol/L, P < .01). Group 1 exhibited more rapidly progressive opacities and consolidation in follow-up CT (16.7 ± 3.1 scores, 15.7 ± 3.1 segments) than group 2 (11.4 ± 4.0 scores, 10.3 ± 4.6 segments, P < .01). The oxygenation index was lower (87.6 ± 19.2 vs 99.1 ± 20.4 mm Hg) and the mechanical ventilation duration was longer (14.7 ± 6.9 vs 9.7 ± 3.7 days) in group 1 compare with group 2 (P < .01).
Compared with the survivors, the non-survivors showed higher serum ferritin and IL-6 levels, more rapidly progressive opacities in CT, lower oxygenation index, and longer mechanical ventilation durations. Special attention to ferritin/IL-6 levels and oxygenation index as well as early CT application and timely reexaminations are important to identify the individuals who may be at risk of becoming critically ill.