bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scleral Buckle Removal Following Retinal Reattachment Surgery: Clinical and Microbiologic Aspects
Authors: Smiddy William E , Miller Darlene , Flynn Harry W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Scleral buckle infection following retinal reattachment surgery is infrequent but not rare. We identified 45 cases among approximately 3000 scierai buckling procedures performed at our institution between July 1, 1985 and July 1, 1991. The scierai buckle was exposed in all 45, and the subsequent microbiologic culture was positive in 33. The most common causative organism was coagulase negative staphylococci (17 of 33 cases with positive cultures). Risk factors for an adverse outcome included positive culture, preoperative vision ≤ 20/200, and preoperative retinal detachment. Broad spectrum antibiotics covered organism sensitivity profiles in 16 of the 18 cases tested. Prompt removal of infected buckles and treatment with broad-spectrum topical antibiotics are important for maintaining vision.
Unilateral Lateral Rectus Recessions in Exotropia
Authors: Weakley David R , Stager David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
For the past several years, we have been performing unilateral lateral rectus recessions in patients with small- to moderate-angle intermittent or constant exotropia. We report a 73% success rate in 45 patients undergoing 6- to 10-millimeter unilateral lateral rectus recessions in exotropia with a minimum of 6 months' follow up. The success rate increased to 89% for patients under 4 years of age. The advantages of this procedure include operating on only one eye and virtual elimination of overcorrections, thereby preventing early postoperative consecutive esotropia, which occasionally can result in amblyopia or diminished stereopsis in very young children.
Energy Levels Needed for Cyclophotocoagulation: A Comparison of Transscleral Contact cw-YAG and Krypton Lasers in the Rabbit Eye
Authors: Immonen Ilkka , Suomalainen Veli-Pekka , Kivelä Tero , Viherkoski Esa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The energy levels needed for Cyclophotocoagulation using either transsclera I contact krypton or cw-YAG lasers were compared in pigmented rabbits. The same transsclera I laser probe was used for both lasers. With the krypton laser, 0.25 J of energy caused macroscopically detectable lesions, and 1.5 J led to widespread destruction of the ciliary body. With the cw-YAG laser, the first detectable lesions were produced at 0.5 J. Similarly, at higher energies, twice as much energy was required using the cw-YAG as compared with using the krypton laser to produce comparable lesions. Histologically, lesions of the same macroscopic severity made with the two lasers were similar. We conclude that the transscleral contact krypton laser is an efficient instrument for Cyclophotocoagulation. Although these results may not be directly applied to human eyes, it appears that the poorer scierai transmission of the krypton beam is offset by its higher level of absorption in the pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body.
Perfluorocarbon Liquid in Traumatic Vitreous Hemorrhage and Retinal Detachment
Authors: Desai Uday R , Peyman Gholam A , Harper C Armitage 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Patients with penetrating ocular trauma also may have severe vitreous hemorrhage and associated retinal detachment. Removing the hemorrhage and repairing the detachment can be a difficult surgical problem. Besides the limited surgical view due to the hemorrhage, an incomplete separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane can allow the detached retina to be drawn toward the port of the vitrectomy instrument, producing an inadvertent retinal tear. We have used perfluoroperhydrophena nth rene (Vitreon) to manage three cases of penetrating ocular trauma with concurrent retinal detachment and a partial vitreous detachment, either at the time of surgery or as noted ultrasonographically. The perfluorocarbon liquid helped to separate the partially detached posterior hyaloid membrane and flatten the detached retina. This maneuver simplified removal of the vitreous hemorrhage and management of the retinal detachment.
Postoperative Refraction and Anterior Chamber Depth After Complicated Cataract Surgery With Vitreous Loss and Transscleral Suture Fixation of Posterior Chamber Lenses
Authors: Mittelviefhaus Hans , Janknecht Peter 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The postoperative refraction and anterior chamber depth of 50 eyes that had complicated cataract extraction with vitreous loss were compared with those of 25 fellow eyes (that had uncomplicated cataract extraction) of the same patients. Transscleral suture fixation of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) was required in 34 of the 50 study eyes; the lens was implanted onto the remaining defective capsule in the remaining 16. The anterior chamber depth was significantly deeper after transscleral suture fixation of the PC-IOL (mean, 0.54 mm; P< .01 ). The difference between the refraction of the eyes with transscleral suture fixation and that of the control eyes was +0.58 diopters. Although each surgeon should assess specific results and modify the lens calculations accordingly, we have found that with our technique, for eyes that have required transscleral suture fixation of a PC-IOL, +0.50 D should be added to the calculated IOL power.
Acquired Blepharoptosis Secondary to Essential Blepharospasm
Authors: Bodker Fred S , Olson Jane J , Putterman Allen M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We treated four patients with essential blepharospasm, receiving botulinum A toxin, in whom, although they had no preexisting blepharoptosis, a concurrent bilateral acquired blepharoptosis developed. Since the blepharoptosis did not improve after the period of time during which the effects of botulinum A toxin would have been expected to resolve (2 to 10 weeks), we judged that its development was unrelated to the toxin. We propose, rather, that the stretching, attenuation, disinsertion, or dehiscence of the upper eyelid levator muscle caused by the blepharospasm were at least partly responsible for the onset of the blepharoptosis. To ensure appropriate treatment in these cases, careful clinical evaluation is required to differentiate the two conditions.
Subretinal Hemorrhage After Grid Laser Photocoagulation for ldiopathic Juxtafoveolar Retinal Telangiectasis
Authors: Friedman Scott M , Mames Robert N , Stewart Michael W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 56-year-old man had decreased vision secondary to bilateral idiopathic Juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis. One month after grid laser photocoagulation for macular edema in the right eye, a subretinal hemorrhage developed. Over the next 2 months, the hemorrhage spontaneously resorbed and vision improved to 20/50. At 2-year follow up, without further treatment, vision was still 20/50.
Dynamic Documentation of Digital Dacryocystography
Authors: Steinkogler F J , Huber E , Karnel F , Kuchar A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Digital dacryocystography has proved to be the optimum method of x-ray diagnostics in connection with managing obstructions of the lacrimal pathways. We present 50 patients in whom digital dacryocystography was performed with a computercontrolled x-ray unit and a C-arc coupled to an image intensifier TV-system. A nonionic water soluble contrast medium was used. The bilateral contrast medium filling process appearing on the monitor was simultaneously recorded on videotape. Vidéocassettes, with patient data attached, were stored in a videotape library, providing repeatable diagnostic documentation and an excellent base for scientific analyses.
Association Between SurgicallyInduced Astigmatism and Cataract Incision Size in the Early Postoperative Period
Authors: Leen Martha M , Ho Charles C , Yanoff Myron 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
One hundred sixteen eyes with cataracts were prospectively randomized into four surgical groups. Silicone and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses were implanted into the posterior chamber of these eyes through 4-, 6-, or 11-millimeter incisions by one surgeon. Surgically-induced astigmatism was evaluated in terms of: (1) the proportion of eyes achieving a refractive cylinder of 1 .5 or less, without regard to axis; and (2) the induced cylinder, with regard to axis, using vector analysis. One week postoperatively, the eyes with a 4-millimeter incision had a significantly lower mean induced cylinder than those with larger incisions (P =.019); and all three phacoemulsification groups had a significantly higher proportion of eyes with a cylinder of 1 .5 or less than the nuclear expression group (P < .01). One month postoperatively, the 4-mi Ui meter-incision group had a significantly lower mean induced cylinder (P = .044) as well as a significantly higher proportion of eyes with a cylinder of 1.5 or less, than the larger-incision groups (P = .05). Three months postoperatively, no value of any parameter in any group differed significantly from that of that parameter in any other group.
Effects of Cycloplegia and Iris Pigmentation on Postoperative Intraocular Inflammation
Authors: Onodera Tsuyoshi , Gimbel Howard V , DeBroff Brian M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Using the Kowa laser flare cell meter, we investigated the relation between anterior chamber inflammation following phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and (1) iris color and (2) the use of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride for 1 week postoperatively. One hundred sixty eyes, randomized into either a cycloplegic or noncycloplegic group, and classified into four different iris color groups-blue, brown, green, and hazel-were studied. Eyes with brown irides had significantly more intense flare 2 weeks postoperatively than eyes with blue irides. Overall, postoperative flare tended to be related to the degree of iris pigmentation. Use of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride for 1 week postoperatively failed to decrease anterior chamber inflammation in any of the eyes.
Canaliculorhinostomy Following Dacryocystectomy for Removal of a Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Lacrimal Sac
Authors: Older J Justin , Sims Leslie M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 41 -year-old woman had epiphora and a right lacrimal sac mass. A solid mass filling the entire lacrimal sac was found at surgery. After a month of testing and evaluation at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, the final diagnosis was benign fibrous histiocytoma.
A dacryocystectomy was performed, and the entire tumor was removed. The area of the common canaliculus was then attached to a nasal mucosal flap, and the system was intubated with silicone tubing for 1 year. Two years after the tubing was removed, the epiphora had resolved and there was no recurrence of the tumor.
Semicircle Flap Reconstruction "Plus"
Authors: Boynton James R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The semicircle flap is an excellent method for reconstructing upper and lower eyelid defects. The procedure may be combined with recognized techniques such as skin grafts, tarsal flaps, and other surgical manipulations. Five such additions to the semicircle flap are described. These combined techniques can expand the range of the procedure, increase its versatility, and improve the results.
Two-Step Annular Tectonic Lamellar Keratoplasty in Severe Terrien's Marginal Degeneration
Authors: Hahn Tae Won , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a case of severe Terrien's marginal degeneration treated with two-step annular lamellar keratoplasty. Both eyes of the patient had peripheral corneal thinning with ectasia around the entire corneal circumference. First, an annular-shaped ectatic lesion was defined and removed, and donor tissue of the same size and shape was sutured on the recipient bed with 10-0 nylon. Four months later, the same operation was performed in the fellow eye.
This procedure allows corneal astigmatism to be controlled either by suture removal or resuturing, thereby substantially improving visual acuity. No complications occurred during 1 ½ years of follow up.
Low-Tension Glaucoma: A Comparative Study With Retinal Ischemic Syndromes and Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Müller M , Kessler Ch , Wessel K , Mehdorn E , Kömpf D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In low-tension glaucoma (LTG), nerve-fiber-bundle defects are assumed to result from ischemia of the choroidal branches of the posterior ciliary arteries, due either to local vascular changes or, presumably, hemodynamically occlusive carotid artery disease. To study the possible hemodynamical origin of LTG, we examined and compared, clinically and by ultrasound (continuous-wave Doppler and duplex-scanning), the extracranial carotid arteries of (1) 21 patients (34 eyes) with LTG, (2) 48 patients (49 eyes) with retinal ischemic syndromes (RISI, and (3) 15 patients (17 eyes) with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). High-grade stenoses and occlusions of the internal carotid arteries ipsilateral to the affected eyes were significantly more frequent in the RIS patients (17 of 49) than in the LTG patients (2 of 34; P < .01) and the AION patients (0 of 17; P < .01). Among our relatively small group of LTG patients, we found no striking evidence supporting a hemodynamic origin of LTG.
Necrotizing Scleritis and Transient Myopia Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Gross Steven A , von Noorden Gunter K , Jones Dan B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Necrotizing scleritis may occur following ocular surgery, most commonly after cataract extraction. This complication developed in a 60-year-old woman following strabismus surgery for a gaze palsy and sixth-nerve paresis following a stroke. Although an autoimmune process is present in many patients with necrotizing scleritis, none was detected in this patient. Inflammation was controlled with topical and systemic corticosteroids and ibuprofen. Good visual acuity was preserved, and improved ocular alignment was achieved. Transient myopia, not previously reported in necrotizing scleritis, was observed.
Intracameral Tissue Plasminogen Activator: Management of a Fibrin Clot Occluding a Molteno Tube
Authors: Pastor Scott A , Schumann Stephen P , Starita Richard J , Fellman Ronald L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the use of intracameral tissue plasminogen activator to dissolve a fibrin clot occluding a Molteno tube in the immediate postoperative period. This technique is an effective alternative to awaiting clot lysis or reoperation with minimal risk. The only complication was a small, layering hyphema.
Clinical Presentation and Initial Treatment Patterns in Patients With Exfoliation Glaucoma Versus Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Konstas Anastasios G P , Stewart William C , Stroman Gesa A , Sine Cheryl S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The presentation and initial response to treatment of consecutive patients with exfoliation glaucoma (PXE) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were evaluated prospectively.* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-six consecutive newly diagnosed patients with POAG and PXE were included in a prospective study that evaluated the initial clinical course and treatment results. The two groups were age- and race-matched.* RESULTS: This study found no difference in optic disc parameters at presentation between patients with POAG (n = 22) and those with PXE (n = 24) (P > .05). However, the presenting mean defect was significantly worse in patients with PXE versus those with POAG (P = .0038), although the loss variance was similar (P > .90). The mean presenting intraocular pressure (IOP) for patients with PXE (32.0 ± 5.2 mm Hg) was greater than that for patients with POAG (27.1 ± 4.4 mm Hg) (P= .0025). Additionally, patients with PXE required more treatment steps to control IOP (P = .005). Thirteen of 24 patients with PXE versus 3 of 22 patients with POAG (P = .016) required either laser or conventional surgical techniques to reduce IOP.* CONCLUSION: This study shows that patients with PXE have greater visual field loss and have more difficulty gaining control of IOP on presentation than patients with POAG.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:111-117.]
Positive Vitreous Cultures From Eyes Without Signs of Infectious Endophthalmitis
Authors: Mames Robert N , Friedman Scott M , Stinson William G , Margo Curtis E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is little information on the rate of false-positive vitreous cultures, because cultures from presumably sterile vitreous are not routinely taken in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of positive vitreous cultures from patients who have no signs of endophthalmitis.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Aerobic cultures from vitreous biopsies were taken from 36 consecutive eyes in which there was no clinical evidence of endophthalmitis. Effluent collected in cassettes during pars plana vitrectomies was processed and cultured in a standard manner. Balanced salt solution was processed intraoperatively through the vitrector and cultured as a negative control.
* RESULTS: Positive cultures were obtained in 8 of 36 eyes (22.2%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacteria accounted for 7 of the 9 identified organisms. No organism was grown in more than one medium. None of the patients were treated for endophthalmitis after surgery, and none had signs of intraocular infection.
* CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of vitrectomy cultures from effluent specimens grow low-virulence organisms in the absence of clinical signs of endophthalmitis. The absence of inflammation at the time of surgery suggests that these positive cultures are contaminants.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:365-369.]
The Treatment of Punctal and Canalicular Stenosis in Patients on Systemic 5-FU
Authors: Fezza John P , Wesley Ralph E , Klippenstein Kimberly A 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: 5-FU administered systemically for cancer treatment can cause punctal and canalicular stenosis leading to symptoms of tearing. While some patients receiving 5-FU have resolution of their tearing with cessation of the drug, many patients require surgical treatment of their lacrimal outflow system. We studied the severity of punctal and canalicular stenosis in patients on 5-FU and the various treatments required to correct symptoms of tearing.
* METHODS: Nineteen patients (16 with colon cancer and 3 with breast cancer) who were treated with systemic 5-FU with complaints of tearing were studied retrospectively. Treatment modalities were based on punctal stenosis evaluated by slit lamp exam, and probing and irrigation of the lacrimal outflow system.
* RESULTS: All patients demonstrated bilateral punctal and canalicular stenosis on exam. Fifteen of the 19 patients underwent surgery with 4 declining any surgical intervention. Of those 15 patients who underwent surgery; 5 had bilateral silicone tube intubation, 3 had bilateral conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomies (CDCR), 1 had a silicone tube on one side and a CDCR on the other side, 1 had a bilateral DCR, 4 had bilateral punctal 3-snip procedures, and 1 failed bilateral silicone tube intubation and will require bilateral CDCR.
* CONCLUSION: This is the Jargest single study in the literature evaluating patients on systemic 5-FU for the sequela and treatment of tearing. Although we found varying degrees of punctal and canalicular stenosis among our 19 patients, almost all had stenosis severe enough to warrant surgical intervention with either silicone tubes or CDCR. In our study 4 of 15 patients who elected surgery (26.7 %) required CDCR, because of the permanent, severe stenosis of the lacrimal outflow system. Physicians should be aware that early recognition and treatment of tearing in patients on 5-FU with silicone tubes may salvage the canalicular system and prevent the need for CDCR.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30: 105-108.]
Using the Second Instrument Peripheral Corneal Incision in Phacoemulsification as a Blow-Off Valve
Authors: Rauz Saaeha , Jacks Andrew S , Govan James A A 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To assess the rise in intraocular pressure following phacoemulsification and whether it can be modified by the architecture of the peripheral corneal incision for the second instrument.
* SETTING: Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, United Kingdom.
* METHOD: Forty-two patients had intraocular pressures measured from both eyes preoperatively, then underwent routine scleral section phacoemulsification. They were randomly assigned to perpendicular (blow-off valve) and oblique (water-tight) peripheral corneal incision groups. Postoperative intraocular pressures were measured at 3, 6, 12 and 18 hours. Pressures from the unoperated eyes were used as controls. Aqueous release from the second instrument peripheral corneal incisions and frown scleral incision were assessed using the Seidel's test.
RESULTS: There was a rise in intraocular pressure in both groups compared to the control eyes (mean 10.95±2.19mmHg, P<0.00005) at 6 hours. The difference between the groups was significant at 12 hours (mean difference 3.35 mmHg, P<0.05); 63.6% of the perpendicular incisions and 15% of the oblique incisions were Seidels positive. The frown incision did not leak.
* CONCLUSION: This study documents the natural history of the rise in intraocular pressure following phacoemulsification peaking at 6 hours. Pharmacological agents should be administered to cover this period. The perpendicular peripheral corneal incision had a tendency to act as a blow-off valve allowing release of aqueous when intraocular pressures were elevated in the first 18 hours following phacoemulsification. This phenomenon is likely to result in a reduction in rise of intraocular pressure compared to the oblique peripheral corneal incision group which tended to be water-tight.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:266-270.]
Pneumatic Buckle for the Repair of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Purohit Surendar S , Matthews G Philip , Zakov Z Nicholas 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVES: This prospective study examines the effectiveness of the pneumatic buckle procedure (nondrainage scleral buckle with pneumatic retinopexy) for repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.
* METHODS: We studied 58 consecutive patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments who underwent a pneumatic buckle with air or SF6. The procedures were performed at 2 centers. Retinal reattachment and visual acuity were examined.
* RESULTS: The single operation reattachment rate for patients undergoing a pneumatic buckle procedure was 95%. Eighty eight percent of patients with macula-on detachment had unchanged or improved final visual acuity. Sixty seven percent of patients with macula-off detachments had a final visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/50. Twenty nine percent had final visual acuity between 20/60 and 20/200. Two patients developed a new retinal hole postoperatively.
* CONCLUSION: Pneumatic buckle is an effective technique for repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments caused by breaks in the superior 8 o'clock segment. This technique avoids the complications associated with the drainage portion of the traditional scleral buckle operation and results in a high rate of retinal reattachment and stable or improved visual acuity. The rate of new retinal hole formation in this study is much lower than those reported for pneumatic retinopexy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:509-512.]