bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topography of Violence: Considerations for Ethical and Collaborative Visualization Design
Authors: Ehmel F. , Brüggemann V. , Dörk M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBased on a collaborative visualization design process involving sensitive historical data and historiographical expertise, we investigate the relevance of ethical principles in visualization design. While fundamental ethical norms like truthfulness and accuracy are already well‐described and common goals in visualization design, datasets that are accompanied by specific ethical concerns need to be processed and visualized with an additional level of carefulness and thought. There has been little research on adequate visualization design incorporating such considerations. To address this gap we present insights from Topography of Violence, a visualization project with the Jewish Museum Berlin that focuses on a dataset of more than 4,500 acts of violence against Jews in Germany between 1930 and 1938. Drawing from the joint project, we develop an approach to the visualization of sensitive data, which features both conceptual and procedural considerations for visualization design. Our findings provide value for both visualization researchers and practitioners by highlighting challenges and opportunities for ethical data visualization.
Color Nameability Predicts Inference Accuracy in Spatial Visualizations
Authors: Reda Khairi , Salvi Amey A. , Gray Jack , Papka Michael E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractColor encoding is foundational to visualizing quantitative data. Guidelines for colormap design have traditionally emphasized perceptual principles, such as order and uniformity. However, colors also evoke cognitive and linguistic associations whose role in data interpretation remains underexplored. We study how two linguistic factors, name salience and name variation, affect people's ability to draw inferences from spatial visualizations. In two experiments, we found that participants are better at interpreting visualizations when viewing colors with more salient names (e.g., prototypical ‘blue’, ‘yellow’, and ‘red’ over ‘teal’, ‘beige’, and ‘maroon’). The effect was robust across four visualization types, but was more pronounced in continuous (e.g., smooth geographical maps) than in similar discrete representations (e.g., choropleths). Participants' accuracy also improved as the number of nameable colors increased, although the latter had a less robust effect. Our findings suggest that color nameability is an important design consideration for quantitative colormaps, and may even outweigh traditional perceptual metrics. In particular, we found that the linguistic associations of color are a better predictor of performance than the perceptual properties of those colors. We discuss the implications and outline research opportunities. The data and materials for this study are available athttps://osf.io/asb7n
What are Table Cartograms Good for Anyway? An Algebraic Analysis
Authors: McNutt A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnfamiliar or esoteric visual forms arise in many areas of visualization. While such forms can be intriguing, it can be unclear how to make effective use of them without long periods of practice or costly user studies. In this work we analyze the table cartogram—a graphic which visualizes tabular data by bringing the areas of a grid of quadrilaterals into correspondence with the input data, like a heat map that has been “area‐ed” rather than colored. Despite having existed for several years, little is known about its appropriate usage. We mend this gap by using Algebraic Visualization Design to show that they are best suited to relatively small tables with ordinal axes for some comparison and outlier identification tasks. In doing so we demonstrate a discount theory‐based analysis that can be used to cheaply determine best practices for unknown visualizations.
A novel approach for exploring annotated data with interactive lenses
Authors: Bettio F. , Ahsan M. , Marton F. , Gobbetti E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce a novel approach for assisting users in exploring 2D data representations with an interactive lens. Focus‐and‐context exploration is supported by translating user actions to the joint adjustments in camera and lens parameters that ensure a good placement and sizing of the lens within the view. This general approach, implemented using standard device mappings, overcomes the limitations of current solutions, which force users to continuously switch from lens positioning and scaling to view panning and zooming. Navigation is further assisted by exploiting data annotations. In addition to traditional visual markups and information links, we associate to each annotation a lens configuration that highlights the region of interest. During interaction, an assisting controller determines the next best lens in the database based on the current view and lens parameters and the navigation history. Then, the controller interactively guides the user's lens towards the selected target and displays its annotation markup. As only one annotation markup is displayed at a time, clutter is reduced. Moreover, in addition to guidance, the navigation can also be automated to create a tour through the data. While our methods are generally applicable to general 2D visualization, we have implemented them for the exploration of stratigraphic relightable models. The capabilities of our approach are demonstrated in cultural heritage use cases. A user study has been performed in order to validate our approach.
No immediate effect of regulatory reduction of chromium in leather among adult patients with chromium allergy
Authors: Alinaghi Farzad , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn March 2014, the European Commission issued a new regulation restricting the content of hexavalent chromium (Cr) in leather to no more than 3 mg/kg. We previously performed a questionnaire study in January 2014 to characterize our patients with Cr contact allergy prior to regulatory intervention.ObjectivesTo assess whether clinical characteristics, self‐reported sources of Cr exposure, and burden of disease changed in patients with Cr allergy over time.MethodsA questionnaire study was performed among 172 adult dermatitis patients with Cr allergy and 587 age‐ and sex‐matched dermatitis patients without Cr allergy. A questionnaire was sent to all dermatitis patients patch tested from 2003 to 2018 in August 2019.ResultsThe overall response rate was 61.2% (759/1241). Patients with Cr allergy were still more commonly affected by current foot dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07‐7.08) and hand dermatitis (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.13‐3.49) compared with controls diagnosed during 2013 to 2018. The proportion of patients with Cr allergy reporting dermatitis caused by leather exposure did not change during 2003 to 2012 vs 2013 to 2018 (71.0% vs 66.2%, P = .5). Furthermore, estimates on occupational performance and disease severity (eg, current dermatitis), number of anatomical locations with dermatitis, worst‐case dermatitis, and effect on work were similar in patients with Cr allergy for 2003 to 2012 vs 2013 to 2018.ConclusionNo immediate sign of improvement was found in patients with Cr allergy concerning severity of disease and dermatitis from leather exposures 5 years after adoption of the regulation against hexavalent Cr in leather. The regulation may have to be revised for better protection of those already sensitized.
Randomized controlled trial of a quadratus lumborum block with liposomal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: Gritsch Hans Albin , Osbun Nathan , Grogan Tristan , Fero Katherine E. , Partownavid Parisa , Stockman Joel , Sadoughi Namjeh , Park Edward , Miller Eric , Blumberg Jeremy , McDonald Michelle , Cowan Nicholas , Shah Nikhil , Rahman Siamak 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerioperative pain management is an important consideration in early recovery and patient satisfaction following laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block has been described to reduce pain and opioid usage following several abdominal surgeries. In this prospective single‐blind randomized controlled trial, we compared 52 patients who adhered to our institutional donor nephrectomy Early Recovery After Surgery pathway, which includes a laparoscopic‐guided transversus abdominus plane block, to 40 patients who additionally received a transmuscular quadratus lumborum block with liposomal bupivacaine. Compared to control patients, those who received the block spent longer in the operating room prior to the surgical start (65.4 vs. 51.6 min, P < .001). Both groups had similar total hospital length of stay (33.3 h vs. 34.4 h, P = .61). Pain scores from postoperative days 0–30, number of patients requiring opioids, postoperative nausea, and pain management satisfaction were similar between both groups. Patients who received the block consumed less opioid on postoperative day 1 compared to controls (P = .006). No complications were attributable to the block. The quadratus lumborum block provides a safe pain management adjunct for some patients, and may reduce opioid use in the early postoperative period when combined with our standard institutional protocol for kidney donors.
Fecal incontinence and oral regurgitation during duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection using the water pressure method
Authors: Takada Yoshihisa , Hirose Takashi , Nishida Kazuki , Kakushima Naomi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Furune Satoshi , Ishikawa Eri , Sawada Tsunaki , Maeda Keiko , Yamamura Takeshi , Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Kawashima Hiroki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the duodenum is challenging. The water pressure method (WP‐ESD) has been developed with a decreased rate of perforation. However, details of perioperative adverse events of WP‐ESD are unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency and related factors of fecal incontinence and oral regurgitation during WP‐ESD.MethodsA chart‐based retrospective analysis was performed on 43 patients who underwent duodenal WP‐ESD. The saline volume given into the body was calculated in all cases. All adverse events during WP‐ESD until 6 weeks were extracted, and factors related to intraoperative fecal incontinence or oral regurgitation were analyzed. The frequency of fecal incontinence and oral regurgitation was also compared to those of 83 conventional ESD cases.ResultsIn WP‐ESD, intraoperative fecal incontinence occurred in 12 (28%), oral regurgitation in six (14%), and aspiration pneumonia in one patient. For fecal incontinence, the infusion speed (saline volume divided by resection time) around 17 mL/min was a significant factor in multivariable analysis. For oral regurgitation, only tumor size was a significant factor in univariate analysis (P = 0.027). Significant difference was observed in the frequency of fecal incontinence between WP‐ESD and conventional ESD (28% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), but no difference was observed in oral regurgitation or aspiration pneumonia.ConclusionsIntraoperative fecal incontinence is a unique adverse event of WP‐ESD related to the infusion speed. WP‐ESD did not pose a risk for oral regurgitation, but we should be aware of the risk in large tumor cases.
Prognostic parameters of in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 patients—An Italian experience
Authors: Ruscica Massimiliano , Macchi Chiara , Iodice Simona , Tersalvi Gregorio , Rota Irene , Ghidini Simone , Terranova Leonardo , Valenti Luca , Amati Francesco , Aliberti Stefano , Corsini Alberto , Blasi Francesco , Carugo Stefano , Bollati Valentina , Vicenzi Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring COVID‐19 outbreak, Italy was the first country in Europe to be heavily affected with an intensive care unit mortality of 26%. In order to reduce this percentage, physicians should establish clear and objective criteria to stratify COVID‐19 patients at high risk of in‐hospital death. Thus, the aim has been to test a large spectrum of variables ranging from clinical evaluation to laboratory biomarkers to identify which parameter would best predict all‐cause in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 patients.Designobservational study.ResultsMultivariate Cox regression analysis showed that each 5 years of increase in age corresponded to a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.28 (95% CI 1.00‐1.65, P = .050); each increment of 803 ng/L of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) corresponded to a HR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.11‐1.39, P < .001); each increment of 58 ng/L of interleukin (IL)‐6 corresponded to a HR of 1.23 (95% CI 1.09‐1.40, P < .001), and each increment of 250 U/L of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) corresponded to a HR of 1.23 (95% CI 1.10‐1.37, P < .001). According to the calculated cut‐points for age (≥70 years), NT‐proBNP (≥803 ng/L), IL‐6 (≥58 ng/L) and LDH (≥371 U/L) when 2 out of these 4 were overcome, the HR was 2.96 (95% CI 1.97‐4.45, P < .001).ConclusionIn COVID‐19 patients, besides age, the evaluation of three biochemical parameters, available in few hours after hospital admission can predict in‐hospital mortality regardless of other comorbidities.
Distancing animal death: Geographies of killing and making killable
Authors: Mazhary Hibba 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt the intersection of death geographies and animal geographies, the topic of animal death offers crucial insights for how we understand death and how we define human/nonhuman boundaries. This review piece brings rich discussions of animal death across anthropology, critical animal studies and the environmental humanities into conversation with work in geography. This article takes a two‐pronged approach; first, in recognition of the intensely spatial nature of death, this article explores where animal death takes place. This section observes how spaces of animal death are physically concealed and how this spatial distancing is aided by verbal concealment and dismemberment of the animal body, as well as how justifications for killing are organised along spatial lines. This helps to make animals killable in these spaces. The second section focuses on who is killed and made killable as well as who kills. The degree of being killable or grievable is highly uneven amongst animals, as it is amongst humans. Moreover, those individuals who routinely inflict animal death are subject to discrimination and vulnerability due to this proximity. Finally, the article concludes with reflections on what the topic of animal death can contribute to the death geographies and animal geographies literatures, and how we can move towards more animal‐centric approaches to animal death.
The β‐chain mutation p.Trp433Stop impairs fibrinogen secretion: A novel nonsense mutation associated with hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: Yan Jie , Wu Yangyang , Liao Lin , Xiang Liqun , Qiu Yuling , Lin Faquan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCongenital hypofibrinogenemia is characterized by proportional decreases in fibrinogen activity and immunoreactive fibrinogen levels. Here, we describe a new case with the bleeding risk identified in our hospital.MethodsThe proband was cut and bled for 3 h. Coagulation testing, gene analysis, thrombelastogram, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), in vitro plasmid construction, and functional analyses were performed to explore the pathogenic mechanism.ResultsCoagulation testing of the male proband revealed low levels of fibrinogen detected by two methods (the Clauss method and the PT‐derived method); his two sons had normal coagulation results. DNA sequencing of the proband revealed a heterozygous point mutation in exon 8 of the FGB gene causing Trp→Stop substitution and a polymorphic site (p.Leu92Phe). Human Trp433 was found to be highly conserved. SDS‐PAGE showed that the fibrinogen level of the proband was markedly lower than that of healthy controls. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, a mutated Bβ chain was not detected in circulation. In vitro expression analyses indicated that the mutation affected the secretion of fibrinogen. The TEG results indicated that the proband had a prolonged K time, a lower CI value, and a lower angle value.ConclusionWe report a new case with a novel nonsense mutation that resulted in hypofibrinogenemia. The results indicate that the nonsense mutation may cause misfolding of the D domain, which then affects the secretion of fibrinogen.
Associations between weight status, body satisfaction, ethnic identity and self‐esteem in Oceanian adolescents
Authors: Frayon Stéphane , Swami Viren , Wattelez Guillaume , Todd Jennifer , Galy Olivier 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundSelf‐esteem has consistently been observed to be relatively low in adolescents with obesity. In the Pacific region, the prevalence of obesity in adolescence is high, but few studies have considered issues of self‐esteem in this population.ObjectiveTo examine associations between weight status, body dissatisfaction and self‐esteem in a sample of New Caledonian adolescents and to test for moderation effects of ethnicity on predictors of self‐esteem.MethodsObjective anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference and thickness of skinfolds) were obtained in a multi‐ethnic sample of New Caledonian adolescents. Body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐height ratio and the sum of four skinfolds thickness were used as proxies of weight status. Indices of ethnic identity, self‐esteem, socio‐demographic data (socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, urbanicity of residence) and body dissatisfaction were obtained using survey methods.ResultsBetween‐group analyses indicated that adolescents of European/white origin had significantly higher self‐esteem than adolescents with Oceanian Non‐European Non‐Asian ancestry (ONENA). However, low self‐esteem was significantly associated with weight status and body dissatisfactions in European/white adolescents but not ONENA adolescents. Ethnicity moderated the relationships of predictors (BMI z‐score, body dissatisfaction, age, urbanicity and ethnic identity) on self‐esteem, and the strongest predictors of self‐esteem were ethnicity and ethnic identity.ConclusionsWhile self‐esteem has important consequences for adolescent well‐being and health outcomes, these results highlight the importance of applying different steps to develop and maintain healthy self‐esteem in the Pacific region.
A parent gesture intervention as a means to increase parent declarative pointing and child vocabulary
Authors: Choi Boin , Rowe Meredith L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examined whether a brief parent gesture training resulted in a change in the communicative intent of pointing gestures used by parents of infants from age 10–12 months and whether specific types of points (declarative vs. imperative) were more or less likely to predict later child language skill at 18 months. Compared to parents who were randomized to the control group, parents in the intervention group produced significantly more declarative pointing gestures as a result of the intervention. Moreover, parents’ use of declarative points at 12 months was predictive of later child vocabulary comprehension at 18 months. These findings suggest that a short‐term parent training can have important effects on the communicative intentions conveyed through gesture which predict vocabulary development.
Variation in quinoa roots growth responses to drought stresses
Authors: Nguyen Loc Van , Bertero Daniel , Hoang Dinh Thai , Long Nguyen Viet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoil moisture stress has become a serious environmental limitation to crop productivity and quality. The root system is the first organ sensing the changes in soil moisture; therefore, root development under water deficit is an important indicator for plant's drought tolerance. Previous studies focused on quinoa varietal differences in morphological traits under water stress; however, variation in root development including both growth and diameter responses to drought remains largely unclear. We conducted a preliminary screening of a diverse set of 30 quinoa genotypes to evaluate genetic variation in growth and yield performance in response to drought stress. Variation in drought tolerance indices showed large variation across the quinoa collection. Based on these results, five genotypes representative of a range of drought tolerance levels including 2‐Want, Atlas, NL‐6, Pichamán and Sayaña were selected to evaluate root development under control and severe drought conditions. Inhibition of root development was found for all genotypes as compared to controls; however, significant variation in root growth response to drought stress was observed. Among genotypes, Atlas and 2‐Want expressed drought‐tolerant phenotypes. The analysis of the interrelations between genotypes root length, root diameter, root surface area, drought tolerance and geographical origins reveals interesting guidelines for further studies to explore the mechanisms behind quinoa roots adaptation to drought.
Comparison of psychological states and oral health–related quality of life of patients with differing severity of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Zhang Min‐Juan , Cao Ye , Lei Jie , Fu Kai‐Yuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) severity in patient populations are scarce.ObjectivesThis study sought to compare the psychological states and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients with differing TMD severity.MethodsAdult patients (≥18 years old) with and without (controls) TMDs were recruited from the TMD/oro‐facial pain centre and prosthodontics department, respectively. The presence and severity of TMDs were established with the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), and TMD diagnoses were confirmed with the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD). Psychological states and OHRQoL were examined with the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21) and Oral Health Impact Profile for TMDs (OHIP‐TMD). Data were subjected to chi‐square, Kruskal‐Wallis/Mann‐Whitney U tests and Spearman's correlation (α = .05).ResultsA total of 961 participants with a mean age of 32.99 ± 13.14 years (71.19% women) were assessed. Frequencies of the various TMD categories were as follows: no TMD/controls (12.07%), mild TMD (24.56%), moderate TMD (40.37%) and severe TMD (23.00%). The three most common TMD‐related symptoms were TMJ noises, mouth opening difficulty and muscle pain. Participants with moderate/severe TMD presented a higher proportion of intra‐articular and/or combined disorders. They reported significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and poorer OHRQoL than their counterparts with no/mild TMD (p < .001). Moderate‐to‐strong correlations were observed between FAI and DASS‐21/OHIP‐TMD scores (rs = 0.42–0.72).ConclusionsPatients with moderate/severe TMD had significantly higher levels of psychological disturbance and poorer OHRQoL. As OHRQoL and psychological states are correlated, psychological well‐being must be considered when managing patients with moderate/severe TMDs.