bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PANDANGAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP ADAT MOPOPENE’E DALAM PERKAWINAN SUKU LAUJE DI DESA LOMBOK KECAMATAN TINOMBO KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG
Authors: Nuratika Nuratika , Syarif Hasyim Muhammad , Hamiyuddin Hamiyuddin 
Published: February 2021

The implementation of adat in the Lauje community is aimed at upholding traditions that have been handed down as a symbol of honor and courtesy of the Lauje people in receiving guests. Then another goal in the implementation of this custom is to prevent the bride and groom's household from negative things that if this custom is not implemented. The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the implementation of the Mopopene’e custom system in the marriage of the Lauje tribe in the village of Lombok, Tinombo Subdistrict, Parigi Moutong Regency and how the objectives of Islamic law are towards the implementation of the Mopopene’e custom. This study uses qualitative methods and describes field research. In the technique of collecting data the author uses the method of observation and conduct interviews directly to the informant. The results of the study found that the implementation of the Mopopene'e custom which had been carried out by the Lauje people was a good tradition. As for the community's understanding of the adverse effects that will arise in the future if the custom is not implemented according to the author, it is only a myth that happens to happen and if it is not implemented it does not have any impact in the future because there is no power that exceeds the power of the creator, namely Allah swt.
ORGANIZED ECOLABELLING: NORTH-SOUTH IMPLEMENTATION OF “KICKING AWAY THE LADDER” (CASE: PALM OIL TRADE BETWEEN INDONESIA AND EUROPE)
Authors: Ayu Nanda Kartika 
Published: February 2021

Liberalization is one of the theis that is expected to be able to answer the acceleration and development of the economy of developing countries. One element of liberalization is market openness that will make developing countries unite with global markets both in accepting investments or trading in exports and imports. However, along with the development of technology, the demand for the North (developed countries) in carrying out its trade began to implement an "ecolabelling" policy. For developing countries with all their industrial capabilities, ecolabelling policy is the same as the non-tarrif limitation policy given by developed countries to developing countries. So that this paper will focus on the application of the ecolabelling policy provided by the North to products that will enter the northern market, as one of the efforts of the northern countries to apply "kicking away the ladder", assuming the Southern state does not get a balanced trade surplus with the north and continues to be a developing country. This writing will use a structuralist approach that concentrates on the international structure of the north and south to describe the relationship between developed and developing countries, and uses the concept of "kicking away the ladder" to answer the situation from the implementation of ecolabelling policies for South countries. The author uses qualitative studies using literature review sources through books, journals and online media. Keywords: Ecolabelling, Kicking away the ladder. North-South relations
South Korea and Chinese Conflict over THAAD: How it started and the way it ended
Authors: Tias Anggraining 
Published: February 2021

After North Korea’s fourth nuclear tested in January 2016, U.S. and South Korea has an official discussion started in early February 2016. The choice to deploy the anti-missile defense system THAAD was made in July 2016 and therefore the first launchers in May 2017. This launch was in line with the tenure of President Moon Jae In at that point. President Moon Jae In initially opposed THAAD but has now accelerated its deployment in response to North Korea’s nuclear test on September 3. Even before the official THAAD discussion started, Beijing expressed its opposition to the system. Although China is additionally against North Korea’s nuclear development, THAAD is seen as an arrange to undermine China’s strategic interests within the region. And because of this, China giving a ‘punishment’ to South Korea. This research aims to describe how the conflict between South Korea and Chinese can happen, the impact of the place THAAD in South Korea to the relations between two countries, and the way the conflict ended. This research uses neorealism as an approach. The methodology employing a qualitative method and collecting the data employing Historical-comparative research.
Computerized tomography-Guided Microwave Ablation of Patients with Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancers: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study
Authors: Nance Michael , Khazi Zain , Kaifi Jussuf , Avella Diego , Alnijoumi Mohammed , Davis Ryan , Bhat Ambarish 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to retrospectively investigate the safety and efficacy of computerized tomography-guided microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of Stage I non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).

Material and Methods:
This retrospective, single-center study evaluated 21 patients (10 males and 11 females; mean age 73.8 ± 8.2 years) with Stage I peripheral NSCLCs treated with MWA between 2010 and 2020. All patients were surveyed for metastatic disease. Clinical success was defined as absence of FDG avidity on follow-up imaging. Tumor growth within 5 mm of the original ablated territory was defined as local recurrence. Welch t-test and Fisher’s exact test were used for univariate analysis. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were determined using Cox regression and Firth logistic regression. Significance was P < 0.05. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Results:
Ablated tumors had longest dimension 17.4 ± 5.4 mm and depth 19.7 ± 15.1 mm from the pleural surface. Median follow-up was 20 months (range, 0.6–56 months). Mean overall survival (OS) following lung cancer diagnosis or MWA was 26.2 ± 15.4 months (range, 5–56 months) and 23.7 ± 15.1 months (range, 3–55 months). OS at 1, 2, and 5 years was 67.6%, 61.8%, and 45.7%, respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 19.1 ± 16.2 months (range, 1–55 months). PFS at 1, 2, and 5 years was 44.5%, 32.9%, and 32.9%, respectively. Technical success was 100%, while clinical success was observed in 95.2% (20/21) of patients. One patient had local residual disease following MWA and was treated with chemotherapy. Local control was 90% with recurrence in two patients following ablation. Six patients (28.6%) experienced post-ablation complications, with pneumothorax being the most common event (23.8% of patients). Female gender was associated with 90% reduction in risk of death (HR 0.1, P = 0.014). Tumor longest dimension was associated with a 10% increase in risk of death (P = 0.197). Several comorbidities were associated with increased hazard. Univariate analysis revealed pre-ablation forced vital capacity trended higher among survivors (84.7 ± 15.2% vs. 73 ± 21.6%, P = 0.093). Adjusted for age and sex, adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine histology trended toward improved OS (OR: 0.13, 0.13) and PFS (OR: 0.88, 0.37) compared to squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion:
MWA provides a safe and effective alternative to stereotactic brachytherapy resulting in promising OS and PFS in patients with Stage I peripheral NSCLC. Larger sample sizes are needed to further define the effects of underlying comorbidities and tumor biology.
Reproductive health status of adolescent slum girls, residing in the urban slums of Cuttack City, Odisha
Authors: Pattanaik Nupur , Kar Krishna , Satapathy Durga Madhab , Pattanaik Anshuman 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Reproductive tract infection/sexually transmitted infection (RTI/STI) has become a silent epidemic that devastates women’s life. Improper maintenance of menstrual hygiene is one of the important causes of ascending infection of genital tract leading to RTI. The objectives of the study were to assess reproductive health status and menstrual hygiene practices of adolescent girls residing in the urban slums.

Material and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study conducted among adolescent girls residing in urban slums situated under field training area of the Department of Community Medicine, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha. From among 10 Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) under this field training area, four AWCs having relatively more slum population were selected for the study. A total of 277 adolescent girls were studied who had attended menarche. Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the reproductive health status of adolescent girls.

Results:
Among the 277 adolescent slum girls, 116 (41.9%) had no complaint related to menstruation and reproductive health. Most of the adolescent girls had dysmenorrhea followed by irregular cycles, menorrhagia, and scanty menstruation. As per syndromic approach, 15.2% of adolescent girls had symptoms of RTI/STI. Only 36.8% of girls were using sanitary napkins.

Conclusion:
More than half of adolescent slum girls had one or more menstrual problems, the common being dysmenorrhea. Symptom of RTI/STI was also a common problem encountered among these girls as almost one in seven girls were having these symptoms and this was more among the girls not using sanitary pad during menstruation.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI DALAM MATA KULIAH BAHASA INDONESIA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Romadani Tiyas Fitra , Prasetyo Danang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aims to describe the role of information and communication technology in Indonesian language learning in tertiary institutions. The research method is in the form of literature review or literature study. This research examines critically and deeply the theoretical sources associated with the problems in research. Based on the research results, the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) Information and communication technology is related to communication and information, computers, and a set of other technology-based tools that are experiencing rapid development and affecting education in Indonesia, especially in Indonesian language learning in tertiary institutions. Information and communication technology can be used as a means for compiling data and so on relating to education, especially in learning; (2) Learning has a meaning as a process to gain an experience in accordance with the purpose of a lesson, in learning Indonesian, an attractive medium is needed so that students are more interested in learning. Information and communication technology can be used as a means to increase student interest in learning Indonesian; (3) information and communication technology can be utilized in the four competencies that exist in Indonesian, namely writing, speaking, listening, and reading. Through the use of information and communication technology, it can improve the quality of lessons, student quality, student interest, and at the same time improve the quality of lecturers in technology. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Indonesian Language Learning, Higher Education
Edema pulmonar de las grandes alturas
Authors: Canelo Patricio , Centeno Efrain 
Published: February 2021

El edema pulmonar de altura, es consecuencia de una pérdida aguda de la aclimatación en personas que habiendo vivido en las montañas hacen un viaje al nivel del mar, para luego de días o semanas retornar a la altura.
Puede presentarse en personas que van a la altura por primera vez o que siendo de las montañas realizan ascensiones.
Los síntomas pueden aparecer precozmente o después de días y aún semanas o meses y pueden presentarse en forma sub-aguda, aguda, fulminante o con manifestaciones cerebrales o urinarias.
Parece existir una predisposición personal asàcomo también familiar.
En la patogénesis debe reconocerse esencialmente un fondo de hipertensión pulmonar provocada por la hipoxia y desencadenada por alteraciones en la hemodinamia cardiocirculatoria y pulmonar.
Los factores y mecanismos productores no son perfectamente conocidos.
En datos de necropsias se ha constatado el edema pulmonar, lesiones isquémicas en cerebro, hígado y riñones y en las glándulas suprarrenales la huella del stress.
Los síntomas fundamentales son: tos, diarrea, trastornos mentales, estertores broncoalveolares en ambos campos pulmonares, cianosis, que sumados al antecedente de traslado a diferentes niveles de altitud facilitan el diagnóstico.
La radiografía plana permite apreciar un moteado de los tercios medios y superiores de los campos pulmonares, especialmente el derecho.
El trazado electrocardiográfico corresponde a un corazón pulmonar agudo.
En materia de diagnóstico diferencial deberán tenerse en cuenta la bronconeumonía, el edema agudo de pulmón por insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, el asma bronquial neutórax espontáneo y ocasionalmente la hernia diafragmática. Como tratamiento debe indicarse esencialmente reposo y oxígeno, siendo de gran utilidad la morfina y la digoxina.
En el mantenimiento puede añadirse diuréticos y antibióticos.
En caso de considerarse de utilidad, podría intentarse alguna investigación sobre los efectos que la altura y desaturación de oxígeno, ejercen sobre nuestra población, pudiendo también fijar la atención en aquel cuadro muy difundido entre nosotros y que se lo conoce como el soroche y que parece íntimamente ligado a los problemas de déficit de oxígeno a grandes altitudes.
Debe considerarse que la enfermedad de altura es una entidad existente en nuestro medio y que en el futuro su diagnóstico y reconocimiento será más frecuente.
SOCIETY AWARENESS AS A STRATEGY FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Authors: Sengwar Babita 
Published: February 2021

Conservation is the proper management of natural resources to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. India is blessed with natural resources but these resources from our research study on the usage of natural resources are depleting every day. As we know nature provides all the basic needs which are necessary to us but we are over exploiting or over using these resources.
Conservation of natural resources has acquired great attention at present. It is high time that man must realize of the grave consequences of his action which are damaging the environment beyond repair. If we continue exploit the nature, there will be no more natural resources available in the future. So, there is an urgent need to conserve the nature for future. Society participation in the conservation of natural resources is vital importance so we must get them involved in this national task.
A society, a state, a country, the whole world is a collection of individuals in a final analysis. Therefore, if individual does his or her duty to perfection, the whole world can become less pollution free and we can conserve our natural resources. It is the duty of us to spread awareness among the society in this regard.
FRAMING GM CROPS AS A SOLUTION FOR GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Reddy P.B 
Published: February 2021

Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) are a tool of solution in helping to tackle the challenge of global food security for ever growing population. With global population expected to grow by 40% in the next few decades, agriculture will need to become more productive and more sustainable in order to keep pace with rapidly increasing demands. The current biotechnology permits to alter the genetic makeup of living organisms to produce much quicker and beneficial results. The present study is aimed to evaluate the economic, environmental and nutritive benefits of transgenic crops. We have reviewed many articles from various journals, blogs and media clips related to the subject. Results indicate that the use of GMOs have many potential benefits that include increased crop production, improved nutrition, and drought tolerance, reduced fertilizers and pesticides, better environmental condition, improved economic benefits and improvement in fruit storage. Conversely, there are few concerns about possible unpredicted adverse health effects, environmental damage, gene pollution and business exploitation. Results also indicate the towering costs and uncertainty about the guidelines of GMOs have slowed the rate of innovation of new qualities and prevented set ups and major corporate sectors from developing many second-generation varieties to facilitate the improvement of our well-being.
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND CONSERVATION SCIENCE
Authors: Prasad DeepaliAmb , Prasad Sanjay 
Published: February 2021

This paper work on international law the body of international law regulating human interaction with the natural world, little of the governance of natural resources, for example, is ‘environmental’. Subsisting at the periphery, environmental law focuses on conserving particular species and ‘ecosystems’, and curbing certain kinds of pollution. Its principles are vague, peppering the margins of rulings within other judicial. The existing methods are slow, cumbersome, expensive, uncoordinated and uncertain. Something better must be found if the environmental challenges the world faces are to be dealt with successfully. Unless we devise a better way to make international law for the environment, future progress is likely to be piecemeal, fitful, unsystematic and even random. The justification for taking bold steps now rests on analysis of three factors: the formidable nature of the environmental issues that must be dealt with; the condition of international organization relating to the environment, particularly the United Nations system; and the methods currently used to make international environmental law. In this paper, we suggest that international environmental laws are due to two competing heritages. The ‘natural world as sacred, inviolable, and redemptive.
ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION ACT AND OTHER RELATED ACTS
Authors: Suvarna K. 
Published: February 2021

Environment is derived from the French word Environner, which means to encircle or surround. All the biological and non-biological entities surrounding us are included in environment. Environment is one subject that is actually global as well as local in nature. Issues like global biodiversity etc. which are going to affect the mankind as a whole are global in nature and for that we have to think and plan globally.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT
Authors: Vincent Kamlini , Khatri Amrita 
Published: February 2021

It is not as though degradation of environment is only a recent phenomenon. In the past also human activities have resulted in the degradation of environment, though they were not aware of it. Mans impact on the environment has resulted in pollution of environment. The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of people and economic development. Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on organizational levels, for the benefit of the natural environment and human- been. According to section 2 (a) of the environmental protection Act, ‘Environment’ includes water, air and land inter-relationship which exists among and between water, air and land and human beings other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property. There are about two hundred laws dealing with environmental protection both before and after independence in India.
AN ATTEMPT TO UNDERSTAND ROOT CAUSE BEHIND HIGH LEVELS OF LEAD CONTENT IN “MAGGI”
Authors: Shrivastava Sudha , Yadav Sarita 
Published: February 2021

Maggi Noodles by Nestle are banned and taken off shelves in India because of the high lead levels in the product. In my opinion, Nestle is not deliberately increasing the lead content, but lead content can be found in greater than expected quantity due to increase in lead content in its raw materials.
One may read all the ingredients of the Maggi noodles as we as its taste enhancer mentioned on the wrapper of the product.
What can be the cause of presence of lead, what can be its source and how does it affect human health?
Lead is present in all sections of our environment. Air, Soil, Water, every element of environment contains lead. Lead and lead compounds have been used under wide variety of products found in and around our houses, and now as per reports, even the most handy food product called Maggi noodles has lead, more than acceptable to human health. As we are aware, lead is a naturally occurring element found in small amount in the earth’s crust. While it has some beneficial uses, it can be toxic to human and animals causing health issues.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE-PLASTIC
Authors: Shakle Sunita 
Published: February 2021

Polythene is the most common plastic, the annual global production is approximately 60 million tones, and its primary use is in packing.
Plastic bags pollute soil and waters and kill thousands of marine generalize plastic bags are not biodegradable they clog water ways, spoil the land scape and end up in landfills. Where they may take 1000 year or more to break down into ever smaller particals that continue to pollution the soil and water.
ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Johri Deepa 
Published: February 2021

Human beings interact both with the social world and nature for its survival. Natural resources and Economic base along with Technology are required for the continual improvement of life style and living standard. Up till now the development was achieved by over exploitation of resources which has damaged the environment and we are facing its consequences. A major cause of this situation is the fast urban growth. India is witnessing an unprecndental rise in urbanization in last two decade. But Indian cities are not able to manage the increasing population because of poor urban management and resource constraints. These cities and their residents are fighting again population, lack of safe drinking water, scarcity of electricity and other basic amenities. Population and degradation of social & physical environment is a major issue in most of the cities in India, but at the same time cities are paving a way for a new cultural & economic development.
The present study analysis urban and development in India and its impact on environment growth. Urbanization and sustainable development can be achieved if population growth and management of resources are catered properly, unfortunately it is not the scene of Indian urban growth. Thirteen out of twenty most polluted cities of world are Indian cities. We need an immediate control and overview of present trend of urbanization. This research paper is an attempt to identity the major issues of environment in class II &III cities of MP and to explore the path for sustainable development.
USE OF 'RENEWABLE ENERGY' IS ESSENTIAL FOR BOTH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT (WITH REFERENCE TO INDIA IN PARTICULAR)
Authors: Dixit Aabha 
Published: February 2021

No economy can develop without infrastructure. Energy is an important infrastructure, which speeds up development, as energy resources are needed in all sectors, agriculture, industry, transport etc.Even the economic development of a country is estimated from the per capita consumption of energy resources in that country and it is believed that the higher the per capita consumption of energy, the higher the per capita income in that country. Will be. India has 16 percent of the world's population. But here only 1.5 percent of total world consumption is spent.
आधारभूत संरचना के बिना कोई भी अर्थव्यवस्था विकसित नही हो सकती है। उर्जा एक महत्वपूर्ण आधारभूत संरचना है, जो विकास को गति प्रदान करता है, क्योकि सभी क्षेत्रों कृषि, उद्योग, परिवहन आदि में उर्जा संसाधनों की आवष्यकता पड़ती है। यहाॅ तक कि किसी देश के आर्थिक विकास का अनुमान उस देश में उर्जा-संसाधनों की प्रति व्यक्ति खपत से लगाया जाता है और माना जाता है कि जिस देष में उर्जा की प्रति व्यक्ति खपत जितनी अधिक होगी उस देष में प्रति व्यक्ति आय भी उतनी ही अधिक होगी । भारत में विश्व की 16 प्रतिषत जनसंख्या निवास करती है। लेकिन यहाॅ पर कुल विश्व खपत की 1.5 प्रतिशत उर्जा ही खर्च होती है।