bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of miR-381-3p and miR-23b-3p in skeletal muscle could be a possible estimator of early post-mortem interval in rats
Authors: Martínez-Rivera Vanessa , Cárdenas-Monroy Christian A. , Millan-Catalan Oliver , González-Corona Jessica , Huerta-Pacheco N. Sofia , Martínez-Gutiérrez Antonio , Villavicencio-Queijeiro Alexa , Pedraza-Lara Carlos , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo , Bravo-Gómez María Elena , Pérez-Plasencia Carlos , Guardado-Estrada Mariano 
Published: April 2021

Background
The post-mortem interval (PMI) is the time elapsed since the dead of an individual until the body is found, which is relevant for forensic purposes. The miRNAs regulate the expression of some genes; and due to their small size, they can better support degradation, which makes them suitable for forensic analysis. In the present work, we evaluated the gene expression of miR-381-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-144-3p in skeletal muscle in a murine model at the early PMI.

Methods
We designed a rat model to evaluate the early PMI under controlled conditions. This model consisted in 25 rats divided into five groups of rats, that correspond to the 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of PMI. The 0 h-PMI was considered as the control group. Muscle samples were taken from each rat to analyze the expression of miR-381-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-144-3p by quantitative RT-PCR. The gene expression of each miRNA was expressed as Fold Change (FC) and compared among groups. To find the targets of these miRNAs and the pathways where they participate, we performed an in-silico analysis. From the gene targets of miR-381-3p identified in the silico analysis, the EPC1 gene was selected for gene expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR in these samples. Also, to evaluate if miR-381-3p could predict the early PMI, a mixed effects model was calculated using its gene expression.

Results
An upregulation of miR-381-3p was found at 24 h-PMI compared with the control group of 0 h-PMI and (FC = 1.02 vs. FC = 1.96; p = 0.0079). This was the opposite for miR-23b-3p, which had a down-regulation at 24 h-PMI compared to 0 h-PMI (FC = 1.22 vs. FC = 0.13; p = 0.0079). Moreover, the gene expression of miR-381-3p increased throughout the first 24 h of PMI, contrary to miR-23b-3p. The targets of these two miRNAs, participate in biological pathways related to hypoxia, apoptosis, and RNA metabolism. The gene expression of EPC1 was found downregulated at 3 and 12 h of PMI, whereas it remained unchanged at 6 h and 24 h of PMI. Using a multivariate analysis, it was possible to predict the FC of miR-381-3p of all but 6 h-PMI analyzed PMIs.

Discussion
The present results suggest that miR-23b-3p and miR-381-3p participate at the early PMI, probably regulating the expression of some genes related to the autolysis process as EPC1 gene. Although the miR-381-3p gene expression is a potential estimator of PMI, further studies will be required to obtain better estimates.
Comparison of Conventional Production and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in Greenhouse Grown Strawberry
Authors: Kurtaslan Temur 
Published: April 2021

Today, the importance of safe food is increasing for all consumers. Increased consumer awareness has increased the importance of human health and environmentally sensitive systems. Environmentally friendly production systems, which have several different names, have increased and studies on this subject have become widespread.
Increasing in Turkey gradually, approximately 15.00 per cent of strawberry production areas are located in Aydın, and more than 50.00 per cent of strawberry production have been maintaining in Sultanhisar, Aydın. In 2017, more than 400 producers produced strawberries on an area of 9000 decares in Sultanhisar. There are 306 strawberry producers registered in the farmer registration system. Among these 306 farmers, 90 farmers have implemented good agriculture practices while the rest 216 farmers maintain conventional agricultural production.
The material of the research is the data obtained from the interviews conducted with the producers making greenhouse cultivation, who applied good agriculture and conventional production in the same production technology in Aydın in 2017. In this survey, 112 randomly selected producers were interviewed face to face.
Producers who did not switch to good agricultural practice stated that they could not pass because of several reasons including the bureaucratic transactions, land owner unwillingness to make a lease agreement, and the deed of their land was held by more than one owner. However, they expressed that they were willing to move to good agricultural practice. On the other hand, the producers who applied good agriculture stated that they started good agricultural practice due to the support of the state, and that good agricultural practice increased the product quality.
Impact of the Spatial Resolution of Satellite’s Data for Mapping Land use Land Cover in Karmala Tehsil, Solapur, India
Authors: Kolambe Sanket , Raj Jeet , Loahkare Krishna , Mane Shital , Nikam Vikrant 
Published: April 2021

Land use and land cover (LULC) classification mapping is important for evaluating, monitoring, protecting and planning for land resources. A key factor in extracting desired information from satellite images is choosing the right the spatial resolution. The scale of a pixel on the ground is known as spatial resolution. A pixel is the smallest ‘dot' that makes up an optical satellite image which defines the level of detail as in image. In this paper estimation of the areal extent of water, built up, barren land, vegetation land and fallow land classes with its classification accuracy were reviewed particularly for January 2013 and November 2016 in Karmala tehsil of Solapur district, India. LULC is implied by different spatial resolution images of Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS), Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS-III), Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2A imageries in QGIS environment while the classification was carried out using the maximum likelihood algorithm (MLA). The classified maps obtained from AWiFS and LISS-III sensors, as well as Sentinel-2A and Landsat-8 OLI data sets, were compared separately. Spatial analysis depicts that the Kappa coefficient of Sentinal-2A, Landsat-8, LISS III and AWiFS was found 96.96%, 91.64%, 87.30% and 89.36%. Furthermore, overall accuracy of was found to be 99.07%, 94.49%, 89.84% and 94.08% respectively. The accuracy of the classified image with higher spatial resolution (Sentinal-2A) proved more informative than that of lower resolution (AWiFS) sensor. On the response, the finer spatial resolution of Sentinal-2A (10 m) delivered more precise details and enhanced LULC classification accuracy most reliably than the coarser spatial resolution of Landsat-8 (30m), LISS III (23m) and AWiFS (56m) image. A perusal of data revealed that the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient was found proportionate to spatial resolution of satellite imageries. The higher resolution spatial data also greatly reduces the mixed-pixel problem. The study revealed that the spatial resolution plays an important role and affects classification details and accuracy of LULC level.
COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge and Acceptability among Healthcare Providers in Nigeria
Authors: Ekwebene Onyeka Chukwudalu , Obidile Valentine Chidi , Azubuike Precious Chidozie , Nnamani Chioma Phyllis , Dankano Nehemiah Emono , Egbuniwe Michel Chiedu 
Published: April 2021

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has posed enormous challenges and has become a burden of morbidity and mortality while severely disrupting economic activities around the world. Vaccines for the disease has been discovered; however, there exists misconceptions and mistrusts among health workers which may constitute barriers to Covid-19 uptake.
Aim: The study aimed to determine the knowledge and acceptability of the Covid-19 vaccine among health care provider and to determine the association between the socio-demographic variables and Covid-19 acceptability.
Study Design: A snowball sampling technique was relied upon in the distribution of the questionnaires.
Place and Duration: Online questionnaires sent in the form of a link through social media outlets such as Whatsapp, Facebook and emails within four weeks interval.
Methodology: Health care providers in Nigeria aged 18 years and above participated in this study.The analysis was performed using the Statistical Software Package SPSS version 22.0.Four hundred and forty-five respondents filled the questionnaire from the six geopolitical zones of the country.
Results: There was a good knowledge of the Covid-19 vaccination as 411(92.4%) knew about the vaccine. However, only 53.5% of respondents were willing to get vaccinated against the disease. The most identified perceived barrier to covid-19 vaccine acceptance was fear of side effects 309 (69.4%) and there was no association between socio-demographic characteristics and covid-19 vaccine acceptability.
Conclusion: Healthcare providers recommendation and confidence in a vaccine plays an influential role in their patients’ vaccination behaviour. They serve as an important source of information for the general populace and their consultation can also be a key factor in patients’ decision to get vaccinated or not.
In silico Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 in Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Adwan Ghaleb. M. 
Published: April 2021

Background: The novel human coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become the fifth reported pandemic since the global spread of 1918 flu and counted as the first documented coronavirus worldwide spread in the history. The COVID-19 was initially considered as a respiratory disease, but SARS-CoV-2 can lead to cause other serious complications.
Purpose: This study aimed to conduct phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from infected humans in Mediterranean basin countries, Orf1ab gene, S gene, M gene, N gene and Orf3a gene sequences. In addition, the products of Orf1ab, S, M and N genes were also phylogenetically analyzed. Changes that occurred on the S-gene product of these SARS-CoV-2 strains were also detected.
Materials and Methods: The whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 isolates, the genes and the gene products (Accessed July 20, 2020) were recovered in Mediterranean basin countries were retrieved from GenBank Database previously available in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) system. Analyses of these sequences were carried out using computer program MEGA6 software.
Results: The Phylogenetic analyses showed that Bat coronavirus RaTG13 isolate is more closely related to SARS-CoV-2 isolates than Pangolin coronaviruse isolates. The S gene product of this virus mediates entry into the host cell and has S1/S2 cleavage site containing multibasic amino acid sequence (PRRAR) which is not detected in other closely related coronaviruses. Many coronavirus strains that deposited in GenBank, showed that they have PRR sequence in Orf1ab gene product. Conclusion: we conclude that part of multibasic S1/S2 motif acquired by recombination or insertion. Theoretically, any coronavirus strain acquired this sequence becomes highly pathogenic to humans. The dominant mutation (79.3%) at S gene product level was 614D→G. The impact of mutations detected in S gene product on virus transmission, diagnosis, pathogenicity and strategies of antiviral therapy, should be rapidly assessed in further studies.
Docking, Scoring, and Virtual Screening in Drug Discovery
Authors: Spyrakis Francesca , Sarkar Aurijit , Kellogg Glen E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince its introduction about four decades ago, docking and scoring are now the very heart of structure‐based drug design. The past 10–20 years have seen a plethora of docking and scoring tools successfully integrated into drug discovery pipelines. Interestingly, while artificial intelligence is now receiving significant attention in the computational modeling arena, docking and scoring have long utilized these techniques. This comprehensive summary highlights some of the most significant achievements of docking and scoring, reviews the current status, provides descriptions of many of the tools available, comments on some of the outstanding challenges facing the paradigm, and offers perspectives and advice on best practices for users. While significant development is still needed in docking of flexible molecules and accurate Gibb's free energy predictions, docking and scoring are very useful when handled by experienced practitioners, but less so if treated as a “black box.” Lastly, we present a hypothetical case so beginners may appreciate the nuances of setting up a docking study. Focus in docking is now shifting toward parallel applications, i.e. protein–protein, protein–oligosaccharide, protein–DNA, or protein–RNA docking and polypharmacology. In summary, this article is intended to elucidate the nuances of the subject, while providing guidelines for practical implementation of effective workflows in drug discovery and structural biology.
Sub‐Nanometer Nanobelts Based on Titanium Dioxide/Zirconium Dioxide–Polyoxometalate Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Simin , Liu Nan , Wang Hongwei , Lu Qichen , Shi Wenxiong , Wang Xun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn addition to offering conformational flexibility, sub‐nanometer nanobelts (SNBs) also outperform many larger nanobelts with large size owing to their ultrathin morphologies. However, to date, only a few monocomponent SNBs have been synthesized. This study presents a facile method for synthesizing ZrO2–PMoO (PMZ) SNBs and TiO2–PMoO (PMT) SNBs with heterostructures. The SNBs comprise ZrO2/TiO2 and polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters, which are formed via the aggregation and subsequent transformation of nanoclusters. Significantly, these SNBs demonstrate high catalytic activity and stability in oxidative desulfurization reactions at room temperature. The impressive catalytic performance of the SNBs is aided by the POM nanoclusters, which not only coassemble with ZrO2/TiO2 nuclei to form building blocks of PMZ SNBs/PMT SNBs but also serve as catalytic centers. The catalytic performance is further enhanced by the ZrO2/TiO2 in the SNBs. Moreover, the proposed synthesis method can be utilized to produce other SNBs. Thus, this method provides valuable insights into the strong performance properties of SNBs created by combining metal oxides and POM nanoclusters into SNBs, which have great potential as redox catalysts.
Synthesis of 5‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐Triazoles via Metal‐Free Annulation of Trifluoroacetimidohydrazides and Methyl Ketones
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Tang Jianhua , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA metal‐free approach for the synthesis of 5‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles via I2‐mediated [4+1] annulation of readily available trifluoroacetimidohydrazides and methyl ketones has been achieved. The transformation involves iodination/Kornblum oxidation, intermolecular dehydration condensation and an iodine‐mediated intramolecular cyclization/aromatization sequence. The developed protocol can be easily scaled up to 3 mmol scale without obvious efficiency decrease and be implemented by a consecutive one‐pot manner.magnified image
Cover crop mixtures enhance stability but not productivity in a semi‐arid climate
Authors: Franco Jose G. , Gramig Greta Gaye , Beamer Kenneth P. , Hendrickson John R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCover crops are a critical component of sustainable agroecosystems, yet their performance in semi‐arid environments with short growing seasons and highly variable precipitation is inconsistent. To evaluate productivity and stability of single species vs. multi‐species cover crop plantings with variable water input, cover crops were evaluated at two sites in North Dakota under dryland and dryland plus irrigation conditions. Cover crop treatments consisted of three warm‐season monocultures, a three warm‐season species mixture (MIX3), and a three warm‐season and three cool‐season species mixture (MIX6). Averaged across year and water regime, biomass production was not greater for mixtures (8,693 kg ha–1, MIX3; 10,212 kg ha–1, MIX6) than for the most productive monoculture (11,295 kg ha–1, sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.]) at the West site. The same held true at the East site (7,486 kg ha–1, MIX3; 8,603 kg ha–1, MIX6), with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] producing the most biomass, 10,886 kg ha–1, of all monocultures. At the West site, variability in production was lowest for MIX6 when pooled across year and water regime (CV = 25%) compared to monocultures (CV ≥ 49%). At the East site, cowpea had the lowest CV (24%) while mixtures averaged 35%. Pooled across sites, production in the MIX6 plots had the lowest variability (29%). Grasses consistently contributed to high proportions of total biomass production compared to other functional types. Multi‐species cover crop mixtures are more versatile than single species plantings across climates, and resilient cover crop mixtures integrated into semi‐arid crop rotations as full‐ season plantings should include warm and cool season grasses.
Exploring genotype × environment interaction in sweet sorghum under tropical environments
Authors: Souza Vander Fillipe de , Ribeiro Pedro César de Oliveira , Vieira Júnior Indalécio Cunha , Oliveira Isadora Cristina Martins , Damasceno Cynthia Maria Borges , Schaffert Robert Eugene , Parrella Rafael Augusto da Costa , Dias Kaio Olimpio das Graças , Pastina Maria Marta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the genotype‐by‐environment interactions (GEI) is crucial to release sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars with stable and high agronomic performance under tropical environments. Therefore, linear mixed models could be used to face this challenge by leveraging the biological process of GEI into cultivar recommendation. The goals of this study were: (a) to explore GEI patterns under tropical conditions to select stable and high‐yielding genotypes for energy‐use in the bioethanol industry; and (b) to evaluate the advantages of linear mixed models taking into account simultaneously the genetic and the residual correlations across environments and the genomic relationship between genotypes. The breeding dataset was comprised of 41 genotypes evaluated for Tonnes of brix per hectare (TBH) in late‐stage trials over 32 tropical environments. The models incorporating simultaneously the genomic relationship matrix of genotypes and the genetic and the residual correlations across environments showed the lowest values of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) compared to the standard phenotypic models, and also increased the expected genetic gains of TBH across years. Based on the best models selected by AIC, the genotypes 38 (CMSXS5006), 6 (BRS511), 5 (CMSXS633), 9 (CMSXS637), and 12 (BRS506) exhibited the highest productivity in TBH. Particularly, the genotype 9 (CMSXS637) showed broad stability and high productivity under tropical environments, besides the desirable traits for bioethanol production. These results highlight the importance of modeling the genomic relationship between genotypes and the genetic and the residual correlations across environments to increase the breeding efficiency of sweet sorghum under tropical environments.
Planting depth affects corn emergence, growth and development, and yield
Authors: Nemergut Kyle T. , Thomison Peter R. , Carter Paul R. , Lindsey Alexander J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCurrent planting depth recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) producers range from 38 to 51 mm in the midwestern United States. Characterization of emergence and soil conditions at a range of depths under later‐planted scenarios is important as days adequate for field work in April have been reducing and may affect planting dates. Field studies were conducted in Ohio from 2017 to 2019 to determine the effects of planting depth and soil type on emergence, growth, and grain yield. The research was conducted in two soil types (Strawn–Crosby or Kokomo) using a randomized complete block design with four replications targeting three planting depths (25, 51, and 76 mm). Sensors were installed at the depth of seeding to measure soil moisture and temperature during the emergence period. Plants were harvested to assess growth at V3 and yield at R6. Seeds targeted at 25‐mm depth resulted in the shortest time to 10% emerged but had the least uniform emergence (longest time from 10–90% emerged) compared to the 51 and 76 mm targeted depths. Shallow planting depth also correlated to fewer leaves per plant and fewer kernels produced per plant. Emergence 7 d or 86 soil accumulated growing degree units (sGDU) after planting across fields resulted in a per plant yield reduction of 5% per day or 0.6% per sGDU, respectively. In the Strawn–Crosby field, plot yields did not differ between planting depths; in the Kokomo field yields increased by 8 or 10% when planting at 51 and 76 mm, respectively, as compared to 25 mm. Planting depth adjustments can enhance crop performance, though grain yield responses may differ by soil type.
Mechanism for clogging of microchannels by small particles with liquid cohesion
Authors: Shao Yachan , Ruan Xuan , Li Shuiqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe numerically investigate the effect of liquid cohesion on the clogging of microchannels induced by small wet particles. The computer simulation is performed by the discrete element method (DEM) with cohesive contact models in presence of pendular liquid bridges, which is embedded into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We find that liquid cohesion significantly promotes particle deposition and agglomerate growth. A clogging phase diagram, in the form of Weber number and Stokes number, is constructed to quantify the clogging‐nonclogging transition. The competition between particle–particle and particle–fluid interactions is quantitatively discussed in terms of particle velocity and slip velocity. Strong cohesion can address a greater slip velocity or drag between particles and fluid, which depresses the resuspension of deposited particles and results in clogging. Finally, we compare our results with clogging induced by van der Waals adhesion of small dry particles and find that the competence of liquid cohesion is more prominent.
COVID‐19 lockdowns, intimate partner violence and coercive control
Authors: Smyth Ciara , Cullen Patricia , Breckenridge Jan , Cortis Natasha , valentine kylie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract2020 was a year like no other, with the COVID‐19 virus upending life as we know it. When governments around the world imposed lockdown measures to curb the spread of COVID‐19, advocates in the domestic and family violence (DFV) sector recognised that these measures were likely to result in increases in violence against women, particularly intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV can take many forms, including physical, emotional, psychological, financial, coercive controlling behaviours, surveillance and isolation tactics. Lockdown conditions provide fertile ground for the exercise of coercive control by encouraging people to stay at home, limiting social interactions to household members, reducing mobility and enabling perpetrators to closely monitor their partner's movements. However, media reports and awareness of IPV are generally dominated by a focus on physical violence and lethality, which are easily defined and measured. By contrast, coercive control as a concept is difficult to operationalise, measure and action in law, policy and frontline interventions. This paper discusses the challenges inherent in measuring coercive control and engages with current debates around the criminalisation of coercive control in NSW. Such reflection is timely as the conditions of COVID‐19 lockdowns are likely to lead to an increase in coercive controlling behaviours.