bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry fat mass
Authors: Green Jacob J. , Smith Robert W. , Stratton Matthew T. , Harty Patrick S. , Rodriguez Christian , Siedler Madelin R. , White Sarah J. , Williams Abegale D. , Dellinger Jacob R. , Keith Dale S. , Boykin Jake R. , Tinsley Grant M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between total and segmental subcutaneous tissue thicknesses from ultrasonography (US) and total and segmental fat mass (FM) estimates from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Traditional US FM estimates were also examined. Twenty resistance‐trained males (mean ± SD; age: 22.0 ± 2.6 years; body mass: 74.8 ± 11.5 kg; DXA fat: 17.5 ± 4.5%) completed a 6‐week supervised resistance training programme while consuming a hypercaloric diet. Pre‐ and post‐intervention body composition was assessed by DXA and B‐mode US. Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation (r), Lin's correlation coefficient (CCC), paired t‐tests, Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests and Bland–Altman analysis, as appropriate. Cross‐sectionally, correlations were observed between total DXA FM and total subcutaneous tissue thickness (r = 0.88). Longitudinally, a correlation was observed between total DXA FM changes and total subcutaneous tissue changes (r = 0.49, CCC = 0.38). Correlations of similar magnitudes were observed for the upper body and trunk estimates, but DXA FM changes were unrelated to subcutaneous tissue changes for the lower body and arms. Cross‐sectionally, US 2‐compartment FM and DXA FM were correlated (r = 0.91, CCC = 0.83). Longitudinally, a weaker correlation was observed (r = 0.47, CCC = 0.33). In summary, longitudinal associations between US and DXA are weaker than cross‐sectional relationships; additionally, correlations between US subcutaneous tissue and whole‐body DXA FM appear to be driven by the trunk region rather than appendages. Reporting raw skinfold thicknesses rather than FM estimates alone may improve the utility of techniques based on subcutaneous tissue thickness, such as US and skinfolds.
Respiratory muscle weakness and its association with exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: de Souza Yves , Suzana Maria Eduarda , Medeiros Stefany , Macedo Joseane , da Costa Cláudia Henrique 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough COPD patients commonly present respiratory complaints despite pharmacological treatment, dyspnea does not correlate directly and linearly with spirometric data, a fact that makes it difficult to select patients for pulmonary rehabilitation. Thus, seems logical that the measurement of respiratory muscle strength could help in this initial assessment if it presents a good correlation with exercise capacity. The aim of this study is to assess whether patients with muscle weakness, characterized as a reduction in maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) below 70% of predicted value, have a good relationship between the assessed respiratory muscle strength and the exercise capacity measured by the 6‐min walk test (6MWT) in patients with COPD.MethodsPatients diagnosed with COPD according to the 2019 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) on regular use of their medications, without exacerbations for 3 months or more and with respiratory muscle weakness (PImax < 70% of predicted) performed 6MWT in a 30‐m‐long flat corridor.ResultsData from 81 patients were analyzed. There was a strong correlation between the distance of the 6MWD with the PImax (r = 0.764, p < 0.0001). When separating the sample by the 350‐m cut in the 6MWD, we found that the patients with the worst performance in the test are those who present the greatest respiratory muscle weakness.ConclusionPImax correlates well with exercise capacity, and patients with respiratory muscle weakness could be referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation protocol tied to inspiratory muscle training.
Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Urgent versus early endoscopy
Authors: Lau James Yun Wong 
Published: September 2021

For decades, timing of endoscopy has been a controversy in the management of patients who present with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). The advent of endoscopic hemostatic therapy led to reduced further bleeding, surgery and mortality. Observational studies suggest that in patients at low risk of further bleeding, early endoscopy establishes diagnosis and allows their prompt hospital discharge. In the high‐risk patients, early endoscopy with hemostatic treatment can stop bleeding and improve outcomes. Sample size in early randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was small. They included low‐risk patients or patients with poorly defined risks. We designed a RCT to test the hypothesis that in high‐risk patients (defined by those with an admission Glasgow Blatchford Score of 12 or greater), endoscopy within 6 h of gastrointestinal consultation, when compared to the standard of care i.e. endoscopy within 24 h, would improve outcomes. The primary outcomes, all‐cause mortality at 30 days did not differ between groups; 23 of 258 (8.9%) in the urgent‐endoscopy group and 17 of 258 (6.6%) in the early‐endoscopy group died (difference 2.3%, 95% confidence interval −2.3 to 6.9%). Further bleeding was similar (10.9% vs. 7.8%) between groups. A higher rate in endoscopic hemostatic treatment was observed in the urgent‐endoscopy group (60.1% vs. 48.4%). In patients with peptic ulcers, active bleeding or visible vessels were found on initial endoscopy in 105 of the 158 patients (66.4%) and in 76 of 159 (47.8%) in the respective group. In the majority of patients with GIB, endoscopy earlier than 24 h is not indicated.
Dupilumab facial redness: Clinical characteristics and proposed treatment in a cohort
Authors: Ordóñez‐Rubiano María Fernanda , Casas Mirian , Balaguera‐Orjuela Valentina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this case series, we report for the first time in the literature in a cohort, the positive response to oral or topical antifungals for atopic dermatitis patients treated with Dupilumab that developed Dupilumab facial redness, supporting the Malassezia hypersensitivity theory.
Noncommunicable diseases, climate change and iniquities: What COVID‐19 has taught us about syndemic
Authors: Di Ciaula Agostino , Krawczyk Marcin , Filipiak Krzysztof J. , Geier Andreas , Bonfrate Leonilde , Portincasa Piero 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is generating clinical challenges, lifestyle changes, economic consequences. The pandemic imposes to familiarize with concepts as prevention, vulnerability and resilience.MethodsWe analysed and reviewed the most relevant papers in the MEDLINE database on syndemic, noncommunicable diseases, pandemic, climate changes, pollution, resilience, vulnerability, health costs, COVID‐19.ResultsWe discuss that comprehensive strategies must face multifactorial consequences since the pandemic becomes syndemic due to interactions with noncommunicable diseases, climate changes and iniquities. The lockdown experience, on the other hand, demonstrates that it is rapidly possible to reverse epidemiologic trends and to reduce pollution. The worst outcome is evident in eight highly industrialized nations, where 12% of the world population experienced about one‐third of all COVID‐19‐deaths worldwide. Thus, a great economic power has not been fully protective, and a change of policy is obviously needed to avoid irreversible consequences.ConclusionsWe are accumulating unhealthy populations living in unhealthy environments and generating unhealthy offspring. The winning policy should tackle structural inequities through a syndemic approach, to protect vulnerable populations from present and future harms.
Retaliatory use of public standards in trade
Authors: Nes Kjersti , Schaefer K. Aleks 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research investigates the extent to which countries use public standards as a means of political retaliation in the international policy arena. We match World Trade Organization notifications of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) standards with SPS committee data on Specific Trade Concerns and annual, bilateral trade flows to test whether countries targeted with a public standard respond with a trade barrier of their own. We find that this type of retaliatory behavior exists for economically strategic goods. Our results suggest that about 1000 bilateral trade flows globally—or just over $11.8 billion in trade—were subject to retaliatory standards in 2015.
Selection on genes associated with the evolution of divergent life histories: Gamete recognition or something else?
Authors: Guerra Vanessa I. , Haynes Gwilym , Byrne Maria , Hart Michael W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGamete compatibility, and fertilization success, is mediated by gamete‐recognition genes (GRGs) that are expected to show genetic evidence of a response to sexual selection associated with mating system traits. Changes in the strength of sexual selection can arise from the resolution of sperm competition among males, sexual conflicts of interest between males and females, or other mechanisms of sexual selection. To assess these expectations, we compared patterns of episodic diversifying selection among genes expressed in the gonads of Cryptasterina pentagona and C. hystera, which recently speciated and have evolved different mating systems (gonochoric or hermaphroditic), modes of fertilization (outcrossing or selfing), and dispersal (planktonic larvae or internal brooding). Cryptasterina spp. inhabit the upper intertidal of the coast of Queensland and coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef. We found some evidence for positive selection on a GRG in the outcrossing C. pentagona, and we found evidence of loss of gene function in a GRG of the self‐fertilizing C. hystera. The modification or loss of gene functionality may be evidence of relaxed selection on some aspects of gamete interaction in C. hystera. In addition to these genes involved in gamete interactions, we also found genes under selection linked to abiotic stress, chromosomal regulation, polyspermy, and egg‐laying. We interpret those results as possible evidence that Cryptasterina spp. with different mating systems may have been adapting in divergent ways to oxidative stress or other factors associated with reproduction in the physiologically challenging environment of the high intertidal.Research HighlightsRecent speciation between two sea stars was unlikely the result of selection on gamete‐recognition genes annotated in this study. Instead, our results point to selection on genes linked to the intertidal environment and reproduction.
Confirmation of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) report in the Russian Caucasus
Authors: Orlova‐Bienkowskaja Marina J. , Bieńkowski Andrzej O. , Taddei Andrea , Balmès Valérie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii was previously found in Russia in the Primorie region in 2001. This record is included in the EPPO Global Database. In 2017 and 2020, the first two authors of the present paper found D. suzukii in the Russian Caucasus, namely in the city of Sochi, Krasnodar Territory. This report was published as a scientific article in November 2020.The record from Krasnodar Territory was declared to be invalid before the confirmation of the species identification by official experts. Therefore, to verify the identification of this important pest of soft fruits, 10 specimens collected in Sochi were sent to international experts. Herewith the official confirmation of the identification of the specimens is presented.
Human muscle rigidity identification by human‐robot approximation characteristics framework on internet of things platform
Authors: Selvaraj Rajalakshmi , Kuthadi Venu Madhav , Baskar S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the health care system and Internet of Things (IoT) platform, medical care robotics is becoming one of the quickest expanding areas of robot technology. The integration of robotics and human knowledge identifies human muscle rigidity from the healthcare data obtained from the wearable sensor. In an IoT platform, Electromyography is a method used for evaluating and tracking the electrical activity of muscles. The transferring of human muscle rigidity to a robot facilitates the robot to obtain resistive management initiatives in a useful and effective way while carrying out physical interaction activities in unstructured surroundings. The major challenges to overcome the unpredictability during physical interaction allow a robot to realize the individual behaviour with adaptability and versatility of muscles. Therefore, in this article, Human‐Robot Approximation Characteristics Framework (HRACF) has been proposed for developing physiological communication between humans and robots. HRACF permits robots to understand differential resistive abilities of muscles from human presentations. The pulses collected from Electromyography are used to retrieve human arm muscle rigidity during activity presentation. The characteristics of motion and rigidity are concurrently modelled using an estimation and approximation model with a logistic regression obtained by IoT devices. The analysed human arm muscle rigidity is then connected to the robot impedance regulator. HR model uses an optimized resistive approximator to measure the creative variables of the robot and continue driving to monitor the quoted pathways at the time of interaction. The relationship between motion data and rigidity data is systematically coded in the HR model. HRACF makes it possible to detect uncertainties through space and time that facilitates the robot to meet rigidity specification to 98[Nm/Rad] and error rate to 0.15% during physical interaction.
Toward a broader understanding of split alliances in family therapy: Adding the therapist to the mix
Authors: Escudero Valentín , Friedlander Myrna L. , Kivlighan Dennis M. , Abascal Alberto , Orlowski Edmund 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo broaden our understanding of a split alliance in family therapy, we investigated the frequencies and correlates of sessions in which therapists, youth, and caregivers reported markedly different perceptions of the alliance. The sample consisted of 156 Spanish families who received Alliance Empowerment Family Therapy (Escudero, Adolescentes y familias en conflicto, 2013) for child maltreatment. Family members and therapists rated the alliance on the SOFTA‐s (Friedlander et al., Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2006, 53, 214) after sessions 3, 6, and 9; family members rated their perceptions of treatment progress before sessions 4, 7, and 10. A cluster analysis differentiated sessions with a split adult‐youth alliance (27.7%) from a split family‐therapist alliance (44.1%), and a balanced alliance (similar ratings across the three perspectives; 28.2%). Client‐rated treatment progress was differentially associated with the type of alliance split and the average alliance rating, whereas better posttreatment outcomes (child functioning and family goal attainment) were associated with fewer sessions having either type of split alliance.
Characteristics associated with hospitalization within 30 days of geriatric intermediate care facility admission
Authors: Mitsutake Seigo , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Yano Shohei , Tsuchiya‐Ito Rumiko , Jin Xueying , Watanabe Taeko , Uda Kazuaki , Livingstone Ian , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: September 2021

AimTo identify facility‐level characteristics associated with hospitalization within 30 days after admission to a geriatric intermediate care facility (GICF) (30‐day hospitalization) in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used nationwide long‐term care insurance claims data and a national survey of long‐term geriatric care facilities. The study population was residents admitted to GICFs between October 2016 and February 2018. The outcome variable was 30‐day hospitalization. The independent variables were facility‐level characteristics such as level of healthcare professionals.ResultsThe final sample for analysis comprised 282 991 residents of mean age ± SD, 85.8 ± 7.2 years, of whom 12 814 (4.5%) experienced 30‐day hospitalization. In a multivariable logistic generalized estimating equation model adjusted for facility‐ and resident‐level characteristics, and clustering GICFs, the odds of 30‐day hospitalization were 0.906 times lower (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.857–0.958) among residents in a GICF with dental hygienist than in those in a facility without. Furthermore, the risk of 30‐day hospitalization was lower among residents who had been admitted to a GICF with higher staffing levels of pharmacists (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.941, 95% CI 0.899–0.985), registered nurses (aOR 0.931, 95% CI 0.880–0.986), care workers (aOR 0.920, 95% CI 0.879–0.964) and speech‐language pathologists (aOR 0.926, 95% CI 0.874–0.982) than in those who had been admitted to a GICF with fewer of these healthcare professionals.ConclusionsTransitional care including dental hygienist or higher staffing levels of pharmacists, registered nurses, care workers and speech‐language pathologists may be a more effective way to prevent 30‐day hospitalization. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1010–1017.
Feedback environment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Katz Ian M. , Rauvola Rachel S. , Rudolph Cort W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFeedback environment reflects the perceptions of the contextual, day‐to‐day feedback process within supervisor–subordinate relationships. Here, we present a comprehensive meta‐analysis of the feedback environment literature. On the basis of K = 112 independent samples, representing N = 31,089 workers, results suggest that feedback environment is positively related to feedback orientation (rc = .42), leader–member exchange (rc = .81), supervisor‐rated performance (rc = .29), and negatively related to burnout (rc = −.51). Moreover, we present multiple regression and relative weights analyses to consider the unique and incremental predictive power of feedback environment above and beyond two related constructs: leader–member exchange and feedback orientation. The results suggest that the feedback environment explains unique variance in several correlates and is a particularly important predictor of (lower) burnout.
Predictive factors of survival outcomes in first‐line therapy for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Blas Leandro , Kobayashi Satoshi , Matsumoto Takashi , Kashiwagi Eiji , Takeuchi Ario , Inokuchi Junichi , Shiga Ken‐ichiro , Yokomizo Akira , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate predictive factors of survival of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients undergoing first‐line treatment with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors or docetaxel.MethodsJapanese patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor pathway inhibitor or docetaxel between 2008 and 2018 were included. The differential impact of various clinicopathological factors on the outcome, including progression‐free survival and overall survival, was compared between treatment with androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and docetaxel.ResultsOf 254 patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, 119 (46.9%) and 135 (53.2%) were treated with androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and docetaxel, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that androgen receptor pathway inhibitor was an independent prognostic factor for better progression‐free survival (hazard ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.92, P = 0.016) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.41–0.93, P = 0.021), compared with docetaxel. Pretreatment prostate‐specific antigen levels and time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer were differentially associated with progression‐free survival and overall survival between androgen receptor pathway inhibitor or docetaxel. In patients who presented <6 months to castration‐resistant prostate cancer, progression‐free survival was shorter in those treated with androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (median 1.1 months, 95% confidence interval 0.2–2.8 months) compared with those who received docetaxel (median 5.0 months, 95% confidence interval 1.8–6.7 months; P = 0.014).ConclusionsFirst‐line therapy with androgen receptor pathway inhibitor is associated with a better prognosis when compared with docetaxel, even after adjustment for prognostic factors. However, a shorter time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer is associated with better progression‐free survival for patients receiving docetaxel, suggesting that docetaxel is the preferred option for patients with a shorter time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
The same but different: a comparison of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in metropolitan and non‐metropolitan hospitals (2010–2020)
Authors: Bennett Noleen , Malloy Michael J. , Atkins Sue E. , Gonelli Susan , Worth Leon J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundVariation of infection rates between hospitals must be identified; differences may highlight opportunities for quality improvement in healthcare delivery to specific hospitals groups.AimsTo analyse burden, time trends and risks of healthcare‐associated (HA) Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SABSI) in patients admitted to Victorian metropolitan and non‐metropolitan public acute care hospitals.MethodsSABSI surveillance data submitted between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2020 by all 118 Victorian public acute care hospitals were analysed. Aligned with the Australian Statistical Geography Standard Remoteness Structure, these hospitals were classified as metropolitan (major cities) or non‐metropolitan (inner regional, outer regional, remote or very remote).ResultsMost SABSI were community associated: 66.9% and 75.0% of metropolitan (n = 9441) and non‐metropolitan (n = 2756) hospital SABSI respectively. The overall HA‐SABSI rate was statistically higher in metropolitan hospitals (1.13 per 10 000 occupied bed days (OBD)) compared with non‐metropolitan hospitals (0.82 per 10 000 OBD; P < 0.001). In metropolitan and non‐metropolitan hospitals, there was a statistically significant decline in the overall HA‐SABSI rate (incidence rate ratio = 0.96; 95% confidence interval: 0.95–0.97; P < 0.001; and incidence rate ratio = 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.97–1.00; P = 0.044, respectively). In metropolitan and non‐metropolitan hospitals, HA‐SABSI were frequently associated with central venous (52.8%) and peripheral intravenous (62.2%) catheter use respectively.ConclusionTo reduce risks for SABSI and improve patient outcomes, hospital infection prevention and control programmes should be tailored according to local epidemiology. In common geographic locations, networking of hospitals should be considered as a means of strengthening delivery of these programmes.