bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olympic Sports Science—Bibliometric Analysis of All Summer and Winter Olympic Sports Research
Authors: Millet Grégoire P. , Brocherie Franck , Burtscher Johannes 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:The body of scientific literature on sports and exercise continues to expand. The summer and winter Olympic games will be held over a 7-month period in 2021–2022.Objectives:We took this rare opportunity to quantify and analyze the main bibliometric parameters (i.e., the number of articles and citations) across all Olympic sports to weigh and compare their importance and to assess the structure of the “sport sciences” field. The present review aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of Olympic sports research. We quantified the following topics: (1) the most investigated sports; (2) the main journals in which the studies are published; (3) the main factors explaining sport-specific scientific attractiveness; (4) the influence of being in the Olympic programme, economic weight, and local influences on research output; and (5) which research topic is the most investigated across sports.Methods:We searched 116 sport/exercise journals on PubMed for the 40 summer and 10 winter Olympic sports. A total of 34,038 articles were filtered for a final selection of 25,003 articles (23,334 articles on summer sports and 1,669 on winter sports) and a total of 599,820 citations.Results and Discussion:Nine sports [football (soccer), cycling, athletics, swimming, distance &amp; marathon running, basketball, baseball, tennis, and rowing] were involved in 69% of the articles and 75% of the citations. Football was the most cited sport, with 19.7 and 26.3% of the total number of articles and citations, respectively. All sports yielded some scientific output, but 11 sports (biathlon, mountain biking, archery, diving, trampoline, skateboarding, skeleton, modern pentathlon, luge, bobsleigh, and curling) accumulated a total of fewer than 50 publications. While ice hockey is the most prominently represented winter sport in the scientific literature, winter sports overall have produced minor scientific output. Further analyses show a large scientific literature on team sports, particularly American professional sports (i.e., baseball, basketball, and ice hockey) and the importance of inclusion in the Olympic programme to increasing scientific interest in “recent” sports (i.e., triathlon and rugby sevens). We also found local/cultural influence on the occurrence of a sport in a particular “sport sciences” journal. Finally, the relative distribution of six main research topics (i.e., physiology, performance, training and testing, injuries and medicine, biomechanics, and psychology) was large across sports and reflected the specific performance factors of each sport.
Assessment of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Complex Renal Calculi Treatment
Authors: Tan Haotian , Xie Yaqi , Zhang Xuebao , Wang Wenting , Yuan Hejia , Lin Chunhua 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is a novel imaging technique widely used to improve surgical operations. Some studies have identified its role in Urology for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Objective: To explore the potential benefits of 3D reconstruction technology in PCNL for complex renal calculi treatment.Methods: A retrospective study involving 139 patients with complex kidney stones who underwent PCNL was conducted between September 30, 2018, to September 30, 2019. Group A patients (72) underwent the 3D reconstruction technique before PCNL, while group B (67) did not. The operation time, the duration of the hospital stay, the puncture accuracy, the decrease in hemoglobin concentration, the stone clearance rate, and the postoperative complications were noted and compared between the two groups.Results: The initial stone clearance rates 2 weeks after PCNL were 81.9 and 64.2% in groups A and B, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). The first-time puncture success rates were 87.5 and 47.8 % in groups A and B, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Group A had a shorter operation time than group B (62 vs. 79 min, P &lt; 0.05). Besides, the 3D reconstructive technique-assisted patients (91.7%) had no or mild complications, compared with (74.6%) group B patients. There was no significant difference in hemoglobin decline and hospital stay between the two groups.Conclusions: The 3D reconstruction technology is an effective adjunct to PCNL in the complex renal calculi treatment.
Gastrointestinal Development and Microbiota Responses of Geese to Honeycomb Flavonoids Supplementation
Authors: He Chenxin , Wu Huadong , Lv Yaning , You Hongnan , Zha Liqing , Li Qin , Huang Yani , Tian Jinghong , Chen Qiuchun , Shen Yiwen , Xiong Shiyuan , Xue Fuguang 
Published: October 2021

Background: Geese are conventionally considered to be herbivorous, which could also be raised with concentrate feeding diets without green grass because of the similar gastrointestinal tract with other poultry. However, the geese gut microbiota profiles and their interactions with epithelial cells are still of limited study. Flavonoids were well-documented to shape gut microbiota and promote epithelial barrier functions individually or cooperatively with other metabolites. Therefore, in the present study, honeycomb flavonoids (HF) were supplemented to investigate the effects on growth performances, intestinal development, and gut microbiome of geese.Material and Methods: A total of 400 1-day-old male lion-head geese with similar birth weight (82.6 ± 1.4 g) were randomly divided into five treatments: the control treatment (CON) and the HF supplementation treatments, HF was supplemented arithmetically to increase from 0.25 to 1%. Growth performance, carcass performances, and intestines' development parameters were measured to determine the optimum supplement. Junction proteins including ZO-1 and ZO-2 and cecal microbiota were investigated to demonstrate the regulatory effects of HF on both microbiota and intestinal epithelium.Results: Results showed that 0.5% of HF supplement had superior growth performance, carcass performance, and the total parameters of gastrointestinal development to other treatments. Further research showed that tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and ZO-2 significantly up-regulated, while Firmicutes and some probiotics including Clostridiales, Streptococcus, Lachnoclostridium, and Bifidobacterium, remarkably proliferated after HF supplement. In conclusion, HF supplement in concentrate-diet feeding geese effectively increased the growth performances by regulating the gut microbiota to increase the probiotic abundance to promote the nutrient digestibility and fortify the epithelial development and barrier functions to facilitate the nutrient absorption and utilization.
SIMULATION OF DESIGN COMPONENTS OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS
Authors: Юров А.Н. , Цымбал Д.В. 
Published: October 2021

Предложена разработка цифрового макета изделия, который представляет собой компонент ЭВМ - импульсный блок питания. Производится анализ предполагаемых компонентов персонального компьютера, которые будут установлены в систему. При необходимости есть возможность выбора с добавлением новых компонентов в системный блок ЭВМ. После определения заданных компонентов ПК производится расчет мощности, которая нужна для получения стабильной работы системы в целом. По произведенным расчетам выполняется 3D-моделирование блока питания с разъемами для подключения материнской платы, видеокарты, а также прочих устройств, в том числе и накопителей информации. В работе исследованы вопросы по применению методов линейного программирования для решения поставленных задач в соответствии с исходными данными, а также подходы по получению 3D-модели источника питания с построенными трассами до разъемов подключения устройств и компонентов персонального компьютера. Кроме того, подготовлено программное обеспечение, в котором визуально представлен процесс построения сборочной модели БП согласно произведенным расчетам
We propose the development of a digital model of the product, which is a computer component - a pulsed power supply. We carried out the analysis of the expected components of the personal computer that will be installed in the system. If necessary, there is a choice with the addition of new components to the system unit of the computer. After determining the specified PC components, the power is calculated, which is needed to obtain stable operation of the system as a whole. According to the calculations made, 3D-modeling of the power supply unit with connectors for connecting the motherboard, video card, as well as other devices, including information storage devices, is performed. The paper investigates the issues of using linear programming methods for solving the assigned tasks in accordance with the initial data, as well as approaches to obtaining a 3D model of a power supply with constructed routes to the connectors for connecting devices and components of a personal computer. In addition, we prepared the software, in which the process of building an assembly model of a power supply unit is visually presented according to the calculations
IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATIVITY OF COMBINED DIFFERENT-RANGE IMAGES IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Ветров А.Н. , Потлов А.Ю. 
Published: October 2021

Задача повышения качества результатов медицинской диагностики и удобства их интерпретации является актуальной на современном этапе развития биомедицинской инженерии. Особый интерес представляют методы визуализации, применимые при диагностике онкологических заболеваний. Повышать достоверность медицинской диагностики таких патологических состояний предлагается посредством совмещения разнодиапазонных изображений, в частности сканов в инфракрасном и видимом диапазонах длин волн. Предлагается методика, в которой два изображения конкретного биообъекта, полученные от датчиков, работающих в разных частотных диапазонах, имеющие одинаковые пространственные параметры и сформированные с общего ракурса, сводятся в общее изображение чересстрочно. Новизна предлагаемой методики заключается в том, что после совмещения изображений производится взаимная передача заданных частей каждого пикселя соседним пикселям по вертикали. В полученном изображении каждый пиксель содержит информацию оптического и инфракрасного изображений в заданных пропорциях. Показано, что предлагаемая методика обеспечивает увеличение информативности в полученном изображении в шесть раз относительно исходных изображений. Предлагаемая методика совмещения разнодиапазонных изображений может быть применена в различных прикладных областях
In the medical diagnostics of diseases, it is necessary to obtain the most reliable information in order to obtain the correct diagnosis and, as a result, the correct treatment for the patient. One of the methods of diagnostic studies of oncological diseases of a near-surface nature is to obtain infrared images. It is possible to increase the reliability of information by combining images obtained from thermal imagers, as well as from television video cameras. In this paper, we propose a technique in which two images of a particular object obtained from sensors operating in different frequency ranges, having the same spatial parameters, and formed from the same angle, are interlaced into a common image. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the fact that after combining the images, the specified parts of each pixel are mutually transmitted to the neighboring pixels vertically. In the resulting image, each pixel contains information of optical and infrared images in appropriate proportions. It is shown that the proposed method provides an increase in information content in the resulting image six times relative to the original image. The proposed technique for combining multi-range images can be applied in various areas
RESEARCH OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TWO-CHAMBER PULSE DEVICES FOR STAMPING
Authors: Боташев А.Ю. , Мусаев А.А. 
Published: October 2021

Одной из разновидностей устройств, осуществляющих импульсные методы обработки давлением, являются двухкамерные устройства для листовой штамповки, использующие в качестве энергоносителя газовоздушные топливные смеси. Подача сжатого воздуха в камеру сгорания в рассматриваемом двухкамерном устройстве для листовой штамповки осуществляется компрессором. Проведен анализ термодинамических процессов, протекающих в камере сгорания и рабочем цилиндре двухкамерного устройства для листовой штамповки. При этом установлено, что энергия, затрачиваемая на работу компрессора, составляет около 45% от энергии, выделяющейся в камере сгорания. Получена зависимость для определения термодинамического КПД двухкамерных устройств для листовой штамповки, величина его составляет около 0,25. Установлено, что энергоэффективность двухкамерных устройств не уступает энергоэффективности традиционного штамповочного оборудования, при этом затраты на энергоносители двухкамерных устройств ниже за счет использования дешевого энергоносителя. В двухкамерном штамповочном устройстве для листовой штамповки электрическая энергия, используемая на работу компрессора, составляет менее 1/3 общей потребляемой энергии устройства. Поэтому при прочих равных условиях расходы на энергоносители будут значительно меньше, чем в штамповочном оборудовании, работающем на электрическом токе
One of the types of devices that carry out pulse methods of pressure treatment are two-chamber devices for sheet stamping, using gas-air fuel mixtures as an energy carrier. The supply of compressed air to the combustion chamber in the considered two-chamber device for sheet stamping is carried out by a compressor. We carried out the analysis of thermodynamic processes taking place in the combustion chamber and the working cylinder of a two-chamber device for sheet stamping. We found that the energy spent on the operation of the compressor is about 45% of the energy released in the combustion chamber. We obtained the dependence for determining the thermodynamic efficiency of two-chamber devices for sheet stamping; its value is about 0.25. We established that the energy efficiency of two-chamber devices is not inferior to the energy efficiency of traditional stamping equipment, while the energy costs of two-chamber devices are lower due to the use of a cheap energy carrier. In a two-chamber die-forging device for sheet metal stamping, the electrical energy used to operate the compressor is less than 1/3 of the total energy consumption of the device. Therefore, all other things being equal, the cost of energy carriers will be significantly less than in stamping equipment operating on electric current
Finding the subitizing in groupitizing: Evidence for parallel subitizing of dots and groups in grouped arrays
Authors: Wege Theresa E. , Trezise Kelly , Inglis Matthew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract‘Groupitizing’ refers to the observation that visually grouped arrays can be accurately enumerated much faster than can unstructured arrays. Previous research suggests that visual grouping allows participants to draw on arithmetic abilities and possibly use mental calculations to enumerate grouped arrays quickly and accurately. Here, we address how subitizing might be involved in finding the operands for mental calculations in grouped dot arrays. We investigated whether participants can use multiple subitizing processes to enumerate both the number of dots and the number of groups in a grouped array. We found that these multiple subitizing processes can take place within 150 ms and that dots and groups seem to be subitized in parallel and with equal priority. Implications for research on mechanisms of groupitizing are discussed.
The Modern State and the Dynamics of Minor Landforms Found in the Steppes of the Southern-Minusinsk Hollow
Authors: Тюменцева Е.М. 
Published: October 2021

В статье изложены результаты многолетних исследований генезиса, морфологии, особенностей функционирования, современного состояния и динамики малых эрозионных форм рельефа в условиях котловин гор Южной Сибири на примере Южно-Минусинской котловины. Овражные формы представлены здесь локально. Доминируют береговые промоины и овраги, секущие крутые борта долин рек Абакан, Енисей и их притоков. Густота расчленения и плотность современных овражных форм рельефа возрастает на сельскохозяйственных землях (пашни и пастбища) и в пределах селитебных ландшафтов. Размеры малых эрозионных форм рельефа отличаются большим диапазоном. Так, протяженность коротких промоин составляет первые десятки метров, длинных логов — 3–5 км. Глубина вреза изменяется от 1,5–3 м до 10–20 м, ширина между бровками достигает 40–60 м. В настоящее время, несмотря на период увеличения увлажненности территории, после достаточно длительного засушливого периода овражные формы активно задерновываются. Этому способствует рост температуры и выпадение осадков слабой интенсивности.
В результате происходит зарастание нарушенных земель ильмом мелколистным, наблюдается превращение степных ландшафтов в парковые.
The article discusses the results of a multiannual research of the genesis, morphology, modern state and dynamics of minor landforms that can be found in the mountains of Southern Siberia in the Southern-Minusinsk Hollow. The majority of ravine landforms found in the area are bank gullies infesting the steep banks of the Abakan River, the Yenisei River and their tributaries. The density of ravine dismemberment increases in agricultural areas (arable lands and pastures) and in residential areas. The size of ravine landforms varies over a wide range. The length of short gullies does not exceed a few dozen meters. The length of long logs can reach 3–5 kilometres. The depth of incision varies from 1.5–3 metres to 10–20 metres. The distance between the brows of a ravine can reach 40–60 meters.
Nowadays, despite a period of higher humidity, prolonged dry periods and high temperatures make ravines peaty. As a result, the areas overgrow with small-leaved elm and steppe landscapes are gradually transformed into parks.
The Baryonic Tully–Fisher Relation in the Local Group and the Equivalent Circular Velocity of Pressure-supported Dwarfs
Authors: McGaugh Stacy S. , Lelli Federico , Schombert James M. , Li Pengfei , Visgaitis Tiffany , Parker Kaelee S. , Pawlowski Marcel S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We explore the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation in the Local Group. Rotationally-supported Local Group galaxies adhere precisely to the relation defined by more distant galaxies. For pressure-supported dwarf galaxies, we determine the scaling factor β

c
that relates their observed velocity dispersion to the equivalent circular velocity of rotationally-supported galaxies of the same mass such that V

o
= β

c

σ
*. For a typical mass-to-light ratio ϒ* = 2 M
☉/L
☉ in the V band, we find that β

c
= 2. More generally,

log

β

c

=
0.25
log

ϒ

*

+
0.226

. This provides a common kinematic scale relating pressure and rotationally-supported dwarf galaxies.
TESS and ZTF Observations of an Eclipsing Z Cam-type Dwarf Nova IPHAS J051814.34+294113.2
Authors: Han Z.-T. , Soonthornthum B. , Qian S.-B. , Fang X.-H. , Wang Q.-S. , Sarotsakulchai T. , Zhu L.-Y. , Dong A.-J. , Zhi Q.-J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis of both Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) observations of the eclipsing cataclysmic variable IPHAS J051814.34+294113.2 (IPHAS J0518). The TESS light curve shows numerous eclipses superimposed on two outbursts, and ZTF data show frequently outbursts recurring on average every 20.7 days and 12.9 days for long and short outbursts, respectively. This makes IPHAS J0518 to be identified as a possible Z Cam-type dwarf nova. Its quiescent magnitude is ∼16.7 in the g band. The orbital period is determined to be 4.95 hr. By combining the observed orbital period with the semiempirical relations of Knigge et al., we estimate the donor mass as M
2 = 0.48M
⊙. The eclipse phase measurements are used to constrain the binary parameters. The orbital inclination is limited in the range of 75.°3 ≤ i < 81.°7, and the mass ratio is derived as 0.33 < q ≤ 0.73. Furthermore, we analysis the accretion disk eclipse and find that the total disk eclipse is possible during quiescence, whereas during outburst the disk would be only partially obscured. This indicates that the disk will become larger as the outburst proceeds. We also study the changes of the eclipse depth against the out-of-eclipse flux in IPHAS J0518. The results show evidence of the expansion in the disk size and the variations in the radial-temperature gradient during outburst.
The Stellar Initial Mass Function and Population Properties of M89 from Optical and NIR Spectroscopy: Addressing Biases in Spectral Index Analysis*
Authors: Lonoce I. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Freedman Wendy L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The complexity of constraining the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in early-type galaxies cannot be overstated, given the necessity of very high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) data and the difficulty of breaking the strong degeneracies that occur among several stellar population parameters, including age, metallicity, and elemental abundances. With this paper, the second in a series, we present a detailed analysis of the biases that can occur when retrieving the IMF shape by exploiting both optical and near-IR IMF-sensitive spectral indices. As a test case, here we analyze data for the nearby galaxy M89, for which we have high-S/N spectroscopic data that cover the 3500–9000 Å spectral region and allow us to study the radial variation of the stellar population properties out to 1R

e
. Carrying out parallel simulations that mimic the retrieval of all of the explored stellar parameters from a known input model, we quantify the amount of bias at each step of our analysis. From more general simulations, we conclude that to accurately retrieve the IMF, it is necessary to retrieve accurate estimates not only of the age and metallicity but also of all of the elemental abundances that the spectral index fits are sensitive to. With our analysis technique applied to M89, we find consistency with a bottom-heavy IMF with a negative gradient from the center to half R

e
when using the Conroy et al. and Vazdekis et al. EMILES stellar population models. We find agreement with both a parallel full spectral fitting of the same data and literature results.
Very Large Telescope Spectroscopy of Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies. I. Boötes I, Leo IV, and Leo V
Authors: Jenkins Sydney A. , Li Ting S. , Pace Andrew B. , Ji Alexander P. , Koposov Sergey E. , Mutlu-Pakdil Burçin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We perform consistent reductions and measurements for three ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs): Boötes I, Leo IV, and Leo V. Using the public archival data from the GIRAFFE spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we locate new members and provide refined measurements of physical parameters for these dwarf galaxies. We identify nine new Leo IV members and four new Leo V members, and perform a comparative analysis of previously discovered members. Additionally, we identify one new binary star in both Leo IV and Leo V. After removing binary stars, we recalculate the velocity dispersions of Boötes I and Leo IV to be

5.1

−
0.8

+
0.7

and

3.4

−
0.9

+
1.3

km s−1, respectively; we do not resolve the Leo V velocity dispersion. We identify a weak velocity gradient in Leo V that is ∼4× smaller than the previously calculated gradient and that has a corresponding position angle that differs from the value in the literature by ∼120°. Combining the VLT data with previous values from the literature, we reanalyze the Boötes I metallicity distribution function and find that a model including infall of pristine gas, while Boötes I was forming stars’ best fits the data. Our analysis of Leo IV, Leo V, and other UFDs will enhance our understanding of these enigmatic stellar populations and contribute to future dark matter studies. This is the first in a series of papers examining 13 UDFs observed with VLT/GIRAFFE between 2009 and 2017. Similar analyses of the remaining 10 UFDs will be presented in forthcoming papers.