bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicentre confirmatory single‐arm trial of the safety and efficacy of a transanal drain for prevention of anastomotic leakage after surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Nishizawa Yuji , Nishigori Hideaki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Nakano Daisuke , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Otsuka Koki , Nakamura Takatoshi , Shiomi Akio , Iwasaki Natsuko , Tamura Hitomi , Wakabayashi Masashi , Nomura Shogo , Ito Masaaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimRecent reports have described the use and efficacy of several types of transanal tube (TAT) for preventing anastomotic leakage by reducing intraluminal pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a newly developed TAT for the prevention of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer.MethodA multicentre confirmatory single‐arm trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new TAT after LAR for rectal cancer. A total of 115 patients were registered in the trial at several cancer centres and other hospitals. All patients initially received reconstruction with a stapled anastomosis, but 18 then underwent creation of a diverting stoma. Of the remaining 97 patients, the first 96 were included in the protocol‐defined primary analysis set. The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic leakage and the secondary endpoint was the incidence of complications associated with use of the TAT. The TAT was placed during LAR without creating a covering stoma and the drain was removed 4 or 5 days postoperatively.ResultsThe rate of symptomatic leakage was 5.2% (95% confidence interval 1.7–11.7), which was significantly lower than the predetermined threshold value of 15.8% (one‐sided p‐value 0.0013). Only one patient had Grade 3 rectal bleeding that might have been related to use of the TAT.ConclusionThis nonrandomized study shows that the TAT appears to be safe and results in lower rates of anastomotic leakage in LAR compared with previous studies.
Are There Cross‐Cultural Legal Principles? Modal Reasoning Uncovers Procedural Constraints on Law
Authors: Hannikainen Ivar R. , Tobia Kevin P. , de Almeida Guilherme da F. C. F. , Donelson Raff , Dranseika Vilius , Kneer Markus , Strohmaier Niek , Bystranowski Piotr , Dolinina Kristina , Janik Bartosz , Keo Sothie , Lauraitytė Eglė , Liefgreen Alice , Próchnicki Maciej , Rosas Alejandro , Struchiner Noel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite pervasive variation in the content of laws, legal theorists and anthropologists have argued that laws share certain abstract features and even speculated that law may be a human universal. In the present report, we evaluate this thesis through an experiment administered in 11 different countries. Are there cross‐cultural principles of law? In a between‐subjects design, participants (N= 3,054) were asked whether there could be laws that violate certain procedural principles (e.g., laws applied retrospectively or unintelligible laws), and also whether there are any such laws. Confirming our preregistered prediction, people reported that such laws cannot exist, but also (paradoxically) that there are such laws. These results document cross‐culturally and –linguistically robust beliefs about the concept of law which defy people's grasp of how legal systems function in practice.
Extrafoveal Processing in Categorical Search for Geometric Shapes: General Tendencies and Individual Variations
Authors: Dreneva Anna , Shvarts Anna , Chumachenko Dmitry , Krichevets Anatoly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper addresses the capabilities and limitations of extrafoveal processing during a categorical visual search. Previous research has established that a target could be identified from the very first or without any saccade, suggesting that extrafoveal perception is necessarily involved. However, the limits in complexity defining the processed information are still not clear. We performed four experiments with a gradual increase of stimuli complexity to determine the role of extrafoveal processing in searching for the categorically defined geometric shape. The series of experiments demonstrated a significant role of extrafoveal processing while searching for simple two‐dimensional shapes and its gradual decrease in a condition with more complicated three‐dimensional shapes. The factors of objects’ spatial orientation and distractor homogeneity significantly influenced both reaction time and the number of saccades required to identify a categorically defined target. An analysis of the individual p‐value distributions revealed pronounced individual differences in using extrafoveal analysis and allowed examination of the performance of each particular participant. The condition with the forced prohibition of eye movements enabled us to investigate the efficacy of covert attention in the condition with complicated shapes. Our results indicate that both foveal and extrafoveal processing are simultaneously involved during a categorical search, and the specificity of their interaction is determined by the spatial orientation of objects, type of distractors, the prohibition to use overt attention, and individual characteristics of the participants.
Monotone Quantifiers Emerge via Iterated Learning
Authors: Carcassi Fausto , Steinert‐Threlkeld Shane , Szymanik Jakub 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNatural languages exhibit manysemantic universals, that is, properties of meaning shared across all languages. In this paper, we develop an explanation of one very prominent semantic universal, the monotonicity universal. While the existing work has shown that quantifiers satisfying the monotonicity universal are easier to learn, we provide a more complete explanation by considering the emergence of quantifiers from the perspective of cultural evolution. In particular, we show that quantifiers satisfy the monotonicity universal evolve reliably in an iterated learning paradigm with neural networks as agents.
What men want: Results from a national survey on decision making for prostate cancer treatment and research participation
Authors: Mendenhall Nancy P. , Rausch Osian Sarah M. , Bryant Curtis M. , Hoppe Bradford S. , Morris Christopher G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractData comparing outcomes in prostate cancer and factors affecting treatment choice are sparse. To inform the design of a comparative effectiveness clinical trial, we engaged patients in developing a 28‐question survey about decision making on treatment and research participation and dispersed it among men greater than or equal to 50 years of age. The 1046 respondents ranked long‐term clinical outcomes as most important in making treatment decisions, specific functional outcomes as slightly less important, and duration, location, and cost of treatment as least important. Treatment choice was strongly impacted by side effect profile. Responses to whether the subject would agree to participation in a randomized trial between two types of radiation with minimal differences in outcomes were “yes” in 15%, “no” in 39%, and “undecided” in 46%. Responses to whether the subject would agree to participation in a randomized trial between two treatment durations with similar outcomes were yes in 36%, no in 24%, and undecided in 40%. Findings suggest many potential patients have strong treatment preferences and are averse to randomization, particularly when outcomes of importance may be affected. Patient engagement in study design and novel nonrandomized trial designs may offer a path to increase clinical trial success.
Microphysiological systems in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination sciences
Authors: Van Ness Kirk P. , Cesar Francine , Yeung Catherine K. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Kelly Edward J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of microphysiological systems (MPS) to support absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) sciences has grown substantially in the last decade, in part driven by regulatory demands to move away from traditional animal‐based safety assessment studies and industry desires to develop methodologies to efficiently screen and characterize drugs in the development pipeline. The past decade of MPS development has yielded great user‐driven technological advances with the collective fine‐tuning of cell culture techniques, fluid delivery systems, materials engineering, and performance enhancing modifications. The rapid advances in MPS technology have now made it feasible to evaluate critical ADME parameters within a stand‐alone organ system or through interconnected organ systems. This review surveys current MPS developed for liver, kidney, and intestinal systems as stand‐alone or interconnected organ systems, and evaluates each system for specific performance criteria recommended by regulatory authorities and MPS leaders that would render each system suitable for evaluating drug ADME. Whereas some systems are more suitable for ADME type research than others, not all system designs were intended to meet the recently published desired performance criteria and are reported as a summary of initial proof‐of‐concept studies.
Assessing how changes in temporal resource quality influence the reproductive performance of the dung beetleOnthophagus binodis
Authors: Kaur Amrit P. , Holley Jean M. , Andrew Nigel R. 
Published: August 2021

1. Both larval and adult dung beetles depend on dung resources for nutrition. The quality of the dung resources utilised by beetles can influence adult morphology, adult biomass, and life history parameters of dung beetles. Although several studies have compared dung nutrients of different vertebrate dung types, variation in dung nutrients over time has been less studied.2. Here, moisture content and chemical parameters of dung were analysed at monthly intervals over 12 months. The reproductive output ofOnthophagus binodisfed dung collected at four different months of the year is also measured to assess the relationship between dung resources and dung beetle performance. The experiments were carried out under controlled conditions: 25 ± 1 °C: 15 ± 1 °C (L: D) and 60 ± 5% RH, respectively, with a photoperiod of 14L:10D.3. Over the 12‐month sampling period, the maximum number of broods and highest brood weight were observed from beetles utilising dung collected in the Austral summer (February 2018). The analysis of dung over the 12‐month period showed that the electrical conductivity and phosphorous, manganese, and magnesium content of dung were highest in February 2018.4. The results suggest that the variation in dung resources, such as moisture and minerals, across the year affected the reproductive performance ofOnthophagus binodis, which was highest when beetles were provisioned with summer dung.
Non‐violent resistance and family accommodation: A trans‐diagnostic solution to a highly prevalent problem
Authors: Shimshoni Yaara , Omer Haim , Lebowitz Eli R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study is to integrate two areas in recent clinical theory, research, and practice: family accommodation and non‐violent resistance (NVR). Family accommodation describes changes that family members make to their own behavior, to help their relative who is dealing with psychopathology to avoid or alleviate distress related to the disorder. Rapidly growing research on family accommodation has established its high prevalence and negative impact across disorders and the life span. NVR is a trans‐diagnostic treatment approach that helps parents to cope with child externalizing, internalizing, and other problems in non‐escalatory ways. This study reviews empirical research on family accommodation and NVR, and argues that the anchoring function of NVR, a central concept reflecting the stabilization of the parent–child relationship, may provide a uniquely suited framework for reducing family accommodation across disorders and development. The study discusses how the anchoring function may be applied to promote accommodation reduction through a detailed description of SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions), an NVR‐informed treatment for childhood anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive disorder.
Protease inhibitory activity of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor ameliorates murine experimental colitis by protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier
Authors: Ozaka Sotaro , Sonoda Akira , Ariki Shimpei , Kamiyama Naganori , Hidano Shinya , Sachi Nozomi , Ito Kanako , Kudo Yoko , Minata Mizuki , Saechue Benjawan , Dewayani Astri , Chalalai Thanyakorn , Soga Yasuhiro , Takahashi Yuya , Fukuda Chiaki , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Okumura Ryu , Kayama Hisako , Murakami Kazunari , Takeda Kiyoshi , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the intestine, and the dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) may trigger the onset of IBD. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor that has been implicated in the tissue‐protective effect in the skin and lung. We found that SLPI was induced in lipopolysaccharides‐treated colon carcinoma cell line and in the colon of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐treated mice. SLPI‐deficient mice were administered DSS to induce colitis and sustained severe inflammation compared with wild‐type mice. The colonic mucosa of SLPI‐deficient mice showed more severe inflammation with neutrophil infiltration and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with control mice. Moreover, neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in SLPI‐deficient mice was increased and IEB function was severely impaired in the colon, accompanied with the increased number of apoptotic cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that DSS‐induced colitis was ameliorated by administration of protease inhibitor SSR69071 and recombinant SLPI. These results suggest that the protease inhibitory activity of SLPI protects from colitis by preventing IEB dysfunction caused by excessive NE activity, which provides insight into the novel function of SLPI in the regulation of gut homeostasis and therapeutic approaches for IBD.
Association between atopic dermatitis and race from infancy to early childhood: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Monir Reesa L. , Schoch Jennifer J. , Garvan Cynthia W. , Neu Josef , Lemas Dominick J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common pediatric skin condition with significant morbidity. It is unclear what factors contribute to racial differences in disease prevalence.MethodsA single‐site, retrospective cohort study of infants born from June 1, 2011, to April 30, 2017, was performed.ResultsOf the 4016 infants included, 39.2% (n = 1574) were Black, 38.5% (n = 1543) White (non‐Hispanic), 7.1% (n = 286) Hispanic, 5.3% (n = 213) Asian, 6.5% (n = 262) “other” race, 3.4% (n = 135) multiracial, and 0.1% (n = 3) not reported. Prevalence of AD differed by race, with 37.0% (n = 583) of Black, 25.8% (n = 55) of Asian, 24.1% (n = 69) of Hispanic, 23.0% (n = 31) of multiracial, 19.1% (n = 50) of “other” race, and 17.9% (n = 276) of White patients diagnosed (P < 0.0001). Delivery mode, NICU stay, and gestational age were all significantly associated with race. In modeling AD with logistic regression, race was significantly associated with the development of AD (P < 0.0001, OR Black = 2.6 [2.2‐3.2], OR Asian = 1.6 [1.1‐2.2], OR Hispanic = 1.4 [1.0‐1.9], OR multiracial 1.4 [0.91‐2.2], OR “other” 0.97 [0.67‐1.4], and OR White 1.0).ConclusionsRacial differences in rates of AD arise early in life. Diagnosis is associated with race rather than delivery mode, insurance type, and gestational age. Further investigation into these disparities and interventions to mitigate them should focus on infancy and early childhood.
Impact of type 2 diabetes on the capacity of human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to modulate monocyte differentiation through a bystander effect
Authors: Valtierra‐Alvarado Monica Alejandra , Lugo‐Villarino Geanncarlo , Dueñas‐Arteaga Fátima , González‐Contreras Beatriz Elena , Lugo‐Sánchez Anahí , Castañeda‐Delgado Julio Enrique , González‐Amaro Roberto , Venegas Gurrola Omar Alberto , González Valadez Alejandra del Rocío , Enciso‐Moreno José Antonio , Serrano Carmen Judith 
Published: August 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a risk factor for the development of tuberculosis (TB) through mechanisms poorly understood. Monocytes and macrophages are key effector cells to control TB, but they are also subverted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Specifically, Mtb can induce a bystander effect that skews monocyte differentiation towards macrophages with a permissive phenotype to infection. Here, we evaluated whether T2D impacts this TB aspect. Our approach was to differentiate monocytes from healthy control (HC) subjects and T2D patients into macrophages (MDM), and then assess their response to Mtb infection, including their secretome content and bystander effect capacity. Through flow cytometric analyses, we found a lower level of activation markers in MDM from T2D patients than from HC in response to mock (HLA‐DR, CD86 and CD163) or Mtb challenge (CD14 and CD80). In spite of high TGF‐β1 levels in mock‐infected MDM from T2D patients, cytometric bead arrays indicated that there were no major differences in the secretome cytokine content in these cells relative to HC‐MDM, even in response to Mtb. Mimicking a bystander effect, the secretome of Mtb‐infected HC‐MDM drove HC monocytes towards MDM with a permissive phenotype for Mtb intracellular growth. However, the secretome from Mtb‐infected T2D‐MDM did not exacerbate the Mtb load compared to secretome from Mtb‐infected HC‐MDM, possibly due to the high IL‐1β production relative to Mtb‐infected HC‐MDM. Collectively, despite T2D affecting the basal MDM activation, our approach revealed that it has no major consequence on their response to Mtb or capacity to generate a bystander effect influencing monocyte differentiation.
Clinical effectiveness of resin‐modified glass ionomer–based fluoride varnish for preventing occlusal caries lesions in partially erupted permanent molars: A randomised active‐controlled trial
Authors: Uchil Savil Ramachandra , Suprabha Baranya Shrikrishna , Shenoy Ramya , Rao Arathi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeep pits and fissures in partially erupted permanent molars are vulnerable to dental caries.AimTo assess the clinical effectiveness of resin‐modified glass ionomer–based fluoride varnish (RMGI‐F varnish: Clinpro XT™ varnish) in preventing occlusal caries lesions in partially erupted permanent first molars.DesignIn this randomised active‐controlled superiority trial with a single‐blind parallel design, 74 children with 182 partially erupted first permanent molars were allocated into two groups: Group 1: RMGI‐F varnish; and Group 2: GI sealant (active control), with an application of 0.1% sodium fluoride varnish for all other teeth. The primary outcome was ICDAS score ≥1 at 12 months of follow‐up. Data were analysed using adjusted Chi‐square test and GEE regression for binary outcomes.ResultsGroup 1 (15.7%) and Group 2 (13.8%) did not differ significantly in ICDAS ≥1 scores at 12 months of follow‐up (adjusted χ2 = 0.373, p = .541). There was no significant difference in retention between Group 1 (48.3%) and Group 2 (20.7%) at 12 months of follow‐up (adjusted χ2 = 0.1, p = .752). Mean application time per tooth (16 ± 5.9 vs 20.2 ± 5.4 min) was significantly different (t = 5.26, p = .014).ConclusionsRMGI‐F varnish was not superior to GI sealant in preventing occlusal caries lesions in partially erupted molars.
Economic policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic and growth of nonperforming loans
Authors: Gholipour Hassan F. , Arjomandi Amir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the relationship between various economic policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic (liquidity support, prudential policies, borrower support, asset purchase, and policy rate decisions) and the growth of nonperforming loans (NPLs) in 2020 across 47 economies. Controlling for other relevant determinants of NPLs, our regression analyses show that economies in which policymakers have used prudential and borrower support measures reported significantly slower growth of aggregate NPLs. The prudential measures also confirmed a more robust relationship with NPL reductions compared with borrower support measures. Added to this, non‐mortgage consumer loans are found to be more sensitive than mortgage loans to economic policy responses.
Good or bad jobs? Characteristics of older female part‐time work
Authors: O'Sullivan Maeve , Cross Christine , Lavelle Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite consistently high rates of part‐time employment among older women, the quality of this cohort's work is largely under‐researched with the focus being mainly on younger women. To address this gap, our paper engages with the key strands of this debate—age, gender and employment status—to interrogate the job characteristics and position of this worker cohort in the Irish labour market. Findings reveal notable differences between this cohort's job characteristics compared with those of other part‐time workers and older women working full‐time. These job characteristics include low‐wage employment in poor‐quality jobs, suggesting that job quality is influenced by age, gender and employment status, raising concerns regarding the likelihood for precarious employment among this cohort. In addition to individual‐level consequences, this study's findings have major implications for public and organisational policy on part‐time labour market participation, highlighting the need for a new research agenda on older workers.
Device interaction between cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) and subcutaneous defibrillator (S‐ICD)
Authors: Trolese Luca , Faber Thomas , Gressler Alexander , Steinfurt Johannes , Stuplich Judith , Jordan Eike , Bode Christoph , Zehender Manfred , Hilgendorf Ingo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCombined implantation of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) with subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) appears a suitable option to reduce the amount of intracardiac leads and complications for patients. Here we report on a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy carrying an S‐ICD in which a CCM device was implanted. During crosstalk testing post‐CCM implantation, the S‐ICD misannotated QRS complexes and T waves. The problem was solved through reprogramming the CCM, while preserving S‐ICD functionality and improving heart failure symptoms. In conclusion, S‐ICD combined with CCM seems to be a good and safe option for patients when device interference is being ruled out.