bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal drought regulates species distributions and assembly of tree communities across a tropical wet forest region
Authors: Krishnadas Meghna , Sankaran Mahesh , Page Navendu , Joshi Jahnavi , Machado Siddarth , Nataraj Nandita , Chengappa Sannuvanda K. , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Ajith , Krishnamani Ramanathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimHow seasonal drought influences tree species distributions might shape future vegetation composition with impending changes to rainfall patterns. Theory suggests that across a seasonal drought gradient, dry‐tolerant species might have wider distributions than species sensitive to seasonal drought, which will be restricted to less seasonal conditions. As wet‐associated species drop out with increasing seasonality, the community will contain mainly dry‐tolerant species.Time periodPresent.LocationWestern Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot in peninsular India.Major taxa studiedWoody angiosperms.MethodsAcross a 1,200 km seasonal drought gradient, we modelled occurrences of 183 species using Gaussian logistic regression in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. We used the first‐order model coefficients to attribute the association of species to seasonality (dry/wet) and second‐order coefficients to assess modal responses. For 92 species, we checked for an interaction between dry/wet association and two traits: wood density and specific leaf area (SLA). Finally, we assessed the consequences of the seasonality associations of species for regional community assembly.ResultsOf 183 species, 38% were significantly wet associated, 27% dry associated and 34% indifferent to seasonality. Nearly 80% of species had estimated modes of occurrence within the seasonality range considered here. Species with lower SLA and lower wood density were more likely to occur in more seasonal sites where dry‐associated species formed the majority of co‐occurring species. The proportion of wet‐associated species increased only after intermediate levels of seasonality. The community proportion of extreme wet‐associated species decreased prominently from less to more seasonal sites.Main conclusionsDry‐associated species persisted in less seasonal sites, but not vice versa. A shift toward more seasonal rainfall might favour dry‐associated species and shrink the ranges of wet‐associated species. Future work should assess how the intensity and duration of drought and interactions with other drivers of global change regulate the relative performance of species at more and less seasonal sites.
Depression of caregivers is significantly associated with depression and hospitalization of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Fu Lili , Wu Yanfen , Zhu Aiguo , Wang Zhihong , Qi Hualin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe current study aims to elucidate the relationships of depression of caregivers with depression of hemodialysis patients and determine predictors of hospitalization of hemodialysis patients.MethodsThe single‐center, cross‐sectional study consisted of 200 pairs of eligible hemodialysis patients and caregivers from January 2019 to January 2020. Depression was evaluated using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.FindingsThere were 89 hemodialysis patients with depression (44.5%) and 74 caregivers with depression (37.0%). In multi‐variable logistic regression analysis, the hemodialysis patients with depressed caregivers were at increased risk of depression after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 2.36, p = 0.04). Depression of hemodialysis patients (β = 0.51, p = 0.00) and depression of caregivers (β = 0.36, p = 0.04) were predictors of hospitalization of hemodialysis patients.DiscussionDepression was prevalent among hemodialysis patients and their caregivers. Depression of caregivers was a risk factor for depression and hospitalization of hemodialysis patients. Implementation of appropriate screening programs and specific interventions for depression of hemodialysis patients and their caregivers is required.
Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma in a patient with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Huang Chien‐Tai , Lin Chien‐Hao , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Lien Wan‐Ching 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is extremely rare in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). We report a case of a 71‐year‐old man with ESRD presented with progressive left limb weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed spinal cervical SEH involving C3‐5 level. The patient received emergent decompression laminectomy with the evacuation of the epidural hematoma.
Evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis 2020
Authors: Yoshiji Hitoshi , Nagoshi Sumiko , Akahane Takemi , Asaoka Yoshinari , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Ogawa Koji , Kawaguchi Takumi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Sakaida Isao , Shimizu Masahito , Taniai Makiko , Terai Shuji , Nishikawa Hiroki , Hiasa Yoichi , Hidaka Hisashi , Miwa Hiroto , Chayama Kazuaki , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Shimosegawa Tooru , Takehara Tetsuo , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe first edition of the clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis was published in 2010, and the second edition was published in 2015 by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE). The revised third edition was recently published in 2020. This version has become a joint guideline by the JSGE and the Japanese Society of Hepatology (JSH). In addition to the clinical questions (CQs), background questions (BQs) are new items for basic clinical knowledge, and future research questions (FRQs) are newly added clinically important items. Concerning the clinical treatment of liver cirrhosis, new findings have been reported over the past 5 years since the second edition. In this revision, we decided to match the international standards as much as possible by referring to the latest international guidelines. Newly developed agents for various complications have also made great progress. In comparison with the latest global guidelines, such as the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), we are introducing data based on the evidence for clinical practice in Japan. The flowchart for nutrition therapy was reviewed to be useful for daily medical care by referring to overseas guidelines. We also explain several clinically important items that have recently received focus and were not mentioned in the last editions. This digest version describes the issues related to the management of liver cirrhosis and several complications in clinical practice. The content begins with a diagnostic algorithm, the revised flowchart for nutritional therapy, and refracted ascites, which are of great importance to patients with cirrhosis. In addition to the updated antiviral therapy for hepatitis B and C liver cirrhosis, the latest treatments for non‐viral cirrhosis, such as alcoholic steatohepatitis/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH/NASH) and autoimmune‐related cirrhosis, are also described. It also covers the latest evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis complications, namely gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome and acute kidney injury, hepatic encephalopathy, portal thrombus, sarcopenia, muscle cramp, thrombocytopenia, pruritus, hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension, and vitamin D deficiency, including BQ, CQ and FRQ. Finally, this guideline covers prognosis prediction and liver transplantation, especially focusing on several new findings since the last version. Since this revision is a joint guideline by both societies, the same content is published simultaneously in the official English journal of JSGE and JSH.
‘They're getting a taste of our world’: A qualitative study of people with multiple sclerosis' experiences of accessing health care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory
Authors: Parkinson Anne , Drew Janet , Hall Dykgraaf Sally , Fanning Vanessa , Chisholm Katrina , Elisha Mark , Lueck Christian , Phillips Christine , Desborough Jane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with multiple sclerosis (MS), who are often immunocompromised, require complex care and engage with a variety of health‐care providers to manage their health.ObjectiveTo elucidate people with MS' experiences of accessing health care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia.DesignA qualitative study involving semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis.Settings and participantsEight adults with a clinical diagnosis of MS participated in telephone or video call interviews between June and July 2020.ResultsParticipants were aware that having MS made them more vulnerable to contracting COVID‐19. In some cases, usual care was postponed or not sought. Some circumstances warranted the risk of a face‐to‐face consultation. Benefits of telehealth consultations included improved access, convenience and being contact‐free. In comparison with video consultations, those via telephone were considered less personal and limited capacity to read body language, and for physical examination. Most participants hoped to incorporate telehealth into their future health‐care routines.Discussion and conclusionPersonal risk assessment and trust in health‐care professionals are determinants of the mode through which people with MS accessed health care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Telehealth has been a valuable tool to mitigate COVID‐19 transmission through enabling contact‐free consultations. People with MS may find specific value in video consultations, which enable visualization of physical function. There is a need for training and support for all clinicians to conduct remote consultations.Patient or public contributionThis study was conducted by a team comprised of four people with MS, a neurologist and four health services researchers.
Toothbrushing and related factors among high school students in the Southeast of Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shirzaee Narges , Saied‐Moallemi Zahra , Mohammadi Mahdi , Okati‐Aliabad Hassan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionDental caries is one of the most common problems in student, and tooth brushing at least twice a day is one of the preventive measures of dental caries. This study aimed to determine the frequency of daily brushing and its related factors among high school students in the southeast of Iran based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 2045 high school students of 13–15 years from urban areas of Zahedan in the southeast of Iran with multistage random sampling were selected. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess demographic background, psychosocial constructs of the HAPA and daily brushing frequency. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of daily brushing.ResultsOnly 18% of participants reported tooth brushing at least twice a day, which is the desired brushing behaviour. Multivariate regression showed that increased odds of daily brushing associated with gender (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.84–3.08), mother education (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.62–3.18), father job (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.20–4.19), task self‐efficacy (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.08–1.42), action planning (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.19) and maintenance self‐efficacy (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13– 1.27).ConclusionThe brushing behaviour of students needs to be taken seriously in Zahedan. Motivational and volitional constructs of the HAPA include task self‐efficacy, action planning, and maintenance self‐efficacy could be considered in intervention programmes targeting increase adolescent brushing.
No evidence for incipient speciation by selfing in North American Arabidopsis lyrata
Authors: Gorman Courtney E. , Li Yan , Dorken Marcel E. , Stift Marc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelf‐fertilization inherently restricts gene flow by reducing the fraction of offspring that can be produced by inter‐population matings. Therefore, mating system transitions from outcrossing to selfing could result in reproductive isolation between selfing and outcrossing lineages and provide a starting point for speciation. In newly diverged lineages, for example after a transition to selfing, further reproductive isolation can be caused by a variety of prezygotic and post‐zygotic mechanisms that operate before, during and after pollination. In animals, prezygotic barriers tend to evolve faster than post‐zygotic ones. This is not necessarily the case for plants, for which the relative importance of post‐mating, post‐fertilization and early‐acting post‐zygotic barriers has been investigated far less. To test whether post‐pollination isolation exists between populations of North American Arabidopsis lyrata that differ in breeding (self‐incompatible versus self‐compatible) and mating system (outcrossing versus selfing), we compared patterns of seed set after crosses made within populations, between populations of the same mating system and between populations with different mating systems. We found no evidence for post‐pollination isolation between plants from selfing populations (self‐compatible, low outcrossing rates) and outcrossing populations (self‐incompatible, high outcrossing rates) via either prezygotic or early‐acting post‐zygotic mechanisms. Together with the results of other studies indicating the absence of reproductive barriers acting before and during pollination, we conclude that the transition to selfing in this study system has not led to the formation of reproductive barriers between selfing and outcrossing populations of North American A. lyrata.
Community flood vulnerability and risk assessment: An empirical predictive modeling approach
Authors: Wang Yi (Victor) , Sebastian Antonia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEffective assessment of flood vulnerability and risk is essential for communities to manage flood hazards. This paper presents an empirical modeling methodology to predict flood vulnerability and risk, considering factors of hazard distribution, property exposure, built environment, and socio‐demographic and economic characteristics of a community. Vulnerability is empirically modeled as the expected fraction of property loss that is uninsured within a community (i.e., census tract) given water depth. Risk is derived as the expected annual uninsured property loss and loss ratio. The proposed framework is applied to the state of North Carolina in the United States. For model calibration, modeled flood loss data from Hurricanes Matthew in 2016 and Florence in 2018 and insurance claims data from the Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration's National Flood Insurance Program are used. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Flood Hazard Layer is adopted, along with empirical probability distribution of water depth given flood event, to characterize hazard distribution. Results demonstrate how the presented methodology can be used to predict annual loss in terms of currency and to highlight hotspots of flood vulnerability and risk. Future work is needed to reduce uncertainty associated with limited hazard information available to the public.
Ethnic and diverse fathering: Moving research forward
Authors: Chuang Susan S. , Fagan Jay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFathering in the 21st century has gained significant prominence among scholars who have acknowledged the relevance of fathers in families. However, our understanding of diverse fathering in various contexts such as immigrant and ethnic minority contexts, “nontraditional” fathers (e.g., foster fathers), has significantly lagged . Thus, this collection of articles, Contextualizing Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives on Ethnic Minority and Diverse Fathers, includes five papers that challenge contemporary theories and methodologies to bring greater insights into the complexities of fathering and fatherhood. These articles are intended to encourage researchers to critically reflect on the contexts and diversity of fathers (e.g., immigrant, diverse ethnic backgrounds) and whether theories need to be modified or components of the theory need greater attention to be more reflective of fathers of today.
A review of nudges: Definitions, justifications, effectiveness
Authors: Congiu Luca , Moscati Ivan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 2008, the behavioral economist Richard Thaler and the legal scholar Cass Sunstein published a book in which they advocated a novel approach to public policy based on the notion of a “nudge.” Roughly speaking, a nudge is an intervention in the decisional context that steers people's decisions by acting on their cognitive biases. The notion of a nudge generated an intense debate across different disciplines and proved popular with many policy makers around the world. The present article reviews the debate and research on nudges by focusing on three main dimensions: (1) the exact definition of nudges; (2) the justification of nudge policies, with a focus on “libertarian paternalism”; and (3) the effectiveness of nudges, both over time and in comparison with standard policies.
A cross‐sectional study exploring cognitive impairment in kidney failure
Authors: Nicholas Pauline , Green Theresa , Purtell Louise , Bonner Ann 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known of the prevalence or associated factors of cognitive impairment in people with kidney failure. Assessment of cognition is necessary to inform comprehension of healthcare information, aptitude for dialysis modality and informed decision making.ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with cognitive impairment in people with kidney failure.DesignProspective cross‐sectional.ParticipantsParticipants (n = 222) with chronic kidney disease grade 5 (CKD G5) including those not treated with dialysis, those undertaking dialysis independently or in a facility (CKD 5D), and those with a kidney transplant (CKD 5T).MeasurementsData were collected using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (only the depression subscale), and a demographic questionnaire. Type of kidney disease and comorbidities were extracted from participants' hospital records.ResultsParticipants were 61 ± 13.63 years old; most were male (61.26%), and diabetes was the primary cause of kidney disease (34%). Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34% although it was significantly higher for those in CKD G5 compared with other groups. A number of factors were found to be associated with cognitive impairment including, age, diabetes, hypertension, education, haemoglobin, albumin, parathyroid hormone, CKD G5, and length of time on treatment.ConclusionsCognitive impairment in kidney failure is common and it has significant implications for informed decision making and treatment choices. Routine assessment of cognitive function is an important part of clinical practice.
Information asymmetry, ex ante moral hazard, and uninsurable risk in liability coverage: Evidence from China's automobile insurance market
Authors: Zheng Hao , Yao Yi , Deng Yinglu , Gao Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe make use of a unique data set to test for information asymmetry, as well as distinguish ex ante moral hazard from adverse selection in different types of third‐party liability claims in automobile insurance policies: that is, those with bodily injury (BI) versus those with only property damage (PD). We find that the degree of information asymmetry is higher in liability claims with BI than those with only PD. Yet, the ex ante moral hazard only exists in liability claims with PD. We use a theoretical model to propose that the difference we find between the two types of claims in ex ante moral hazard is related to uninsurable risk embedded in BI claims. We confirm this finding in another sensitivity test comparing claims from new cars and nonnew cars. Altogether, these results suggest policy reforms leading to a better pricing mechanism in the automobile insurance industry in China.
Incidence and clinical characteristics of acute rheumatic fever in Turkey: Results of a nationwide multicentre study
Authors: Gürses Dolunay , Koçak Gülendam , Tutar Ercan , Özbarlas Nazan ,   Turkish ARF study group
Published: July 2021

AimTo evaluate the incidence and clinical features of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in Turkey, following the revised Jones criteria in 2015.MethodsThis multicentre study was designed by the Acquired Heart Diseases Working Group of the Turkish Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Association in 2016. The data during the first attack of 1103 ARF patients were collected from the paediatric cardiologists between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016.ResultsTurkey National Institute of Statistics records of 2016 were used for the determination of ARF incidence with regard to various cities and regions separately. The estimated incidence rate of ARF was 8.84/100 000 in Turkey. The ARF incidence varied considerably among different regions. The highest incidence was found in the Eastern Anatolia Region as 14.4/100 000, and the lowest incidence was found in the Black Sea Region as 3.3/100 000 (P < 0.05). Clinical carditis was the most common finding. The incidence of clinical carditis, subclinical carditis, polyarthritis, aseptic monoarthritis, polyarthralgia and Sydenham's Chorea was 53.5%, 29.1%, 52.8%, 10.3%, 18.6% and 7.9%, respectively. The incidences of clinical carditis, subclinical carditis, polyarthritis and polyarthralgia were found to be significantly different among different regions (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings of this nationwide screening of ARF suggest that Turkey should be included in the moderate‐risk group.
PPAR‐γ‐induced changes in visceral fat and adiponectin levels are associated with improvement of steatohepatitis in patients with NASH
Authors: Gastaldelli Amalia , Sabatini Silvia , Carli Fabrizia , Gaggini Melania , Bril Fernando , Belfort‐DeAguiar Renata , Positano Vincenzo , Barb Diana , Kadiyala Sushma , Harrison Stephen , Cusi Kenneth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ agonists decrease hepatic/visceral fat (VF) and improve necroinflammation despite subcutaneous (SC) fat weight‐gain. Understanding the impact of changes in VF, VF‐to‐SC fat distribution (VF/SC) and adiponectin (ADPN) levels in relation to histological improvement after weight‐loss or pioglitazone is relevant as novel PPAR‐γ agonists are being developed for treating non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsFifty‐five patients with NASH received a −500 kcal/d hypocaloric diet and were randomized (double‐blind) to pioglitazone (45 mg/d) or placebo for 6‐months. Before and after treatment patients underwent a liver biopsy and measurement of hepatic/peripheral glucose fluxes, hepatic/adipose tissue‐IR and, in 35 patients, hepatic and VF/SC‐fat was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy/imaging. Data were examined by multivariable statistical analyses combined with machine‐learning techniques (partial least square discriminant analysis [PLS‐DA]).ResultsBoth pioglitazone (despite weight‐gain) and placebo (if weight‐loss) reduced steatosis but only pioglitazone ameliorated necroinflammation. Using machine‐learning PLS‐DA showed that the treatment differences induced by a PPAR‐γ agonist vs placebo on metabolic variables and liver histology could be best explained by the increase in ADPN and a decrease in VF/SC, and to a lesser degree, improvement in oral glucose tolerance test‐glucose concentrations and ALT. Decrease in steatosis and disease activity score (ballooning plus lobular inflammation) kept a close relationship with an increase in ADPN (r = −.71 and r = −.44, P < .007, respectively) and reduction in VF/SC fat (r = .41 and r = .37, P < .03 respectively).ConclusionsReduction in VF and improved VF/SC‐distribution, combined with an increase in ADPN, mediate the histological benefits of PPAR‐γ action, highlighting the central role of fat metabolism and its distribution on steatohepatitis disease activity in patients with NASH.