bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Risk Prediction Model of Readmission for Chinese Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Liu Guozhen , Zhang Yinghong , Zhang Wen , Hu Yanhong , Lv Tiao , Cheng Hong , Huang Jing 
Published: May 2021

Background: Predictive models can be used to assess the risk of readmission for patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the majority of the existing prediction models have been developed based on data of western population. Our objective was to develop and validate a risk prediction model for Chinese patients after CABG.
Methods: This study was conducted among 1983 patients who underwent CABG in Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital from January 2017 to October 2019. Pearson's chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression were performed to investigate the risk factors of readmission after CABG. The area under the ROC curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to validate the discrimination and calibration of the model, respectively.
Results: Six risk factors were predictive of readmission: age≥65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-4.34; P = 0.024), female (OR = 2.46; 95%CI: 1.26-4.80; P = 0.008), private insurance (OR = 4.23; 95%CI: 1.11-16.11; P = 0.034), diabetes (OR = 2.351; 95%CI: 1.20-4.59; P = 0.012), hypertension (OR = 2.33; 95%CI: 1.16-4.66; P = 0.017), and congenital heart disease (OR = 6.93;95%CI: 2.04-23.52; P = 0.002). The area under the curve c-statistic was 0.876 in the derivation sample and 0.865 in the validation sample. Hosmer-Lemeshow test: P=0.561.
Conclusion: The risk prediction model in our study can be used to predict the risk of readmission in Chinese patients after CABG.
Modeling of diffusion motion of In nanoparticles in a CdTe crystal during laser-induced doping
Authors: Levytskyi S.M. , Zhao T. , Cao Z. , Stronski A.V. 
Published: May 2021

In order to solve the problem of the ohmic contact between the crystal surface and the metal electrode in the manufacturing process of the X/γ-ray detector, this paper uses a laser to probe the doping process of In/CdTe crystals in different media. In this experiment, the Traveling Heater Method (THM) is used to obtain CdTe(111) crystals that meet the requirements (ρ >109Ω∙cm). In and Au materials are respectively coated on the surface of the crystal sample by the vacuum thermal evaporation method to obtain the crystal sample meeting the requirements. The high-resistance p-type CdTe crystal of a relatively thick In film is irradiated with nanosecond laser pulses, the In film is used as an n-type doping source and as an electrode after laser irradiation.
Antibody Response and Protection After Receipt of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wall Danielle J. , Patel Manish M. , Chung Jessie R. , Lee Benjamin , Dawood Fatimah S. 
Published: May 2021

CONTEXT:
Children are at increased risk of influenza-related complications. Public health agencies recommend 2 doses of influenza vaccine for children 6 months through 8 years of age receiving the vaccine for the first time.

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review studies comparing vaccine effectiveness (VE) and immunogenicity after 1 or 2 doses of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children.

DATA SOURCES:
Data sources included Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included studies published in a peer reviewed journal up to April 2, 2019, with available abstracts, written in English, and with children aged 6 months through 8 years.

DATA EXTRACTION:
VE among fully and partially vaccinated children was compared with that of unvaccinated children. We extracted geometric mean titers of serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies against influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B-lineage vaccine antigens after 1 and 2 IIV doses. Outcomes were evaluated by age, timing of doses, vaccine composition, and prevaccination titers.

RESULTS:
A total of 10 VE and 16 immunogenicity studies were included. VE was higher for fully vaccinated groups than partially vaccinated groups, especially for children aged 6–23 months. Our findings show increased HAI titers after 2 doses, compared with 1. Older children and groups with prevaccination antibodies have robust HAI titers after 1 dose. Similar vaccine strains across doses, not the timing of doses, positively affects immune response.

LIMITATIONS:
Few studies focused on older children. Researchers typically administered one-half the standard dose of IIV. HAI antibodies are an imperfect correlate of protection.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings support policies recommending 2 IIV doses in children to provide optimal protection against influenza.
Longitudinal Associations Between Symptoms of ADHD and BMI From Late Childhood to Early Adulthood
Authors: Kase Bezawit E. , Rommelse Nanda , Chen Qi , Li Lin , Andersson Anneli , Du Rietz Ebba , Vos Melissa , Cortese Samuele , Larsson Henrik , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity are 2 frequent conditions that co-occur, which has implications for the management of both conditions. We hypothesized that ADHD symptoms predict BMI and vice versa from late childhood (10–12 years) up to early adulthood (20–22 years).

METHODS:
Participants were adolescents in the Netherlands (n = 2773, 52.5% male, mean age = 11 years at baseline, 5 waves up to mean age 22) from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey cohort. We examined bidirectional relationship between ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention) and BMI using the random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Time-varying covariates were pubertal status, stimulant use, depressive symptoms, and family functioning, and socioeconomic status was a time-invariant covariate.

RESULTS:
We found a time-invariant association of BMI with hyperactivity and impulsivity, but not with inattention, which was slightly stronger in female adolescents (female: r = 0.102; male: r = 0.086, P &lt; .05). No longitudinal direct effects were found between ADHD symptoms and BMI during this period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Over the course of adolescence, the link between ADHD and BMI is stable and is predominantly with hyperactive and impulsive symptoms rather than inattention. There was no direct effect of ADHD symptoms on BMI increase nor of BMI on enhanced ADHD symptoms during this developmental period. The findings point to a shared genetic or familial background and/or potential causal effects established already earlier in childhood, thus suggesting that intervention and prevention programs targeting overweight and obesity in children with ADHD should be implemented in early childhood.
The 1857 earthquake in California*
Authors: Wood Harry O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Newly discovered contemporary accounts, and old reports long overlooked, are here cited and coördinated with published reports and observations concerning the shock of January 9, 1857; and the extent and intensity of the earthquake are discussed. It is concluded that no other shock so great and so strong has occurred in the Coast Range region of south-central and southern California since the coming of white men.
Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration
Authors: Gutenberg B. , Richter C. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis supersedes Paper 1 (Gutenberg and Richter, 1942). Additional data are presented. Revisions involving intensity and acceleration are minor. The equation log a = I/3 − 1/2 is retained. The magnitude-energy relation is revised as follows:(20) log ⁡ E = 9.4 + 2.14 M − 0.054 M 2A numerical equivalent, for M from 1 to 8.6, is(21) log ⁡ E = 9.1 + 1.75 M + log ⁡ ( 9 − M )Equation (20) is based on(7) log ⁡ ( A 0 / T 0 ) = − 0.76 + 0.91 M − 0.027 M 2applying at an assumed point epicenter. Eq. (7) is derived empirically from readings of torsion seismometers and USCGS accelerographs. Amplitudes at the USCGS locations have been divided by an average factor of 2 1/2 to compensate for difference in ground; previously this correction was neglected, and log E was overestimated by 0.8. The terms M2 are due partly to the response of the torsion seismometers as affected by increase of ground period with M, partly to the use of surface waves to determine M. If MS results from surface waves, MB from body waves, approximately(27) M S − M B = 0.4 ( M S − 7 )It appears that MB corresponds more closely to the magnitude scale determined for local earthquakes.A complete revision of the magnitude scale, with appropriate tables and charts, is in preparation. This will probably be based on A/T rather than amplitudes.
A study of the inconsistent observations in the fault-plane project
Authors: Hodgson J. H. , Adams W. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 65 solutions published in the fault-plane project of the Dominion Observatory have been based on 2,476 observations of P and 722 observations of PKP. Of these observations 18.3 per cent have been inconsistent with the published solutions, but a small number of stations have contributed a high percentage of these inconsistencies. Applying a criterion of rejection to the data reduces the percentage of inconsistencies to 14 per cent. Considering that most stations have tried to co�ate as fully as possible in the programme and have reported observations even when the arrivals were recorded only as weakly emergent phases, this percentage seems satisfactorily small.Because the circles represent the boundaries between zones of compression and zones of dilatation, it might be expected that a higher percentage of inconsistencies would occur close to the circles. The reverse has been found; the observations close to the circular boundaries are slightly more accurate than those remote from them.The inconsistent observations show no significant variation with epicentral distance except that the percentage of inconsistencies is high at the shorter distances. This is the effect of the crustal layers, and had been anticipated.There have been 282 observations of PP and 135 observations of pP. These observations were examined to determine whether they could be used to determine the value of Poisson's ratio under the continents and under the oceans. It was found that the percentage of inconsistencies was too high to allow a final conclusion.There were 17 observations of PcP. These were examined following a method suggested by B䳨 in an attempt to define the density ratio at the boundary of the core. The attempt was a failure because of the inconsistency of the data.The failure of the reflected phases suggested that the data from them might be random. To test this, 23 new solutions were carried out based only on P and PKP data. When the solutions were complete, observations for the reflected phases were plotted on the diagrams. It was found that for all reflected phases the inconsistencies approached 50 per cent. It is clear that reflected phases, at least when reported by questionnaires, are not sufficiently accurate to be useful in fault-plane studies.
San Miguel, Baja California Norte, earthquakes of February, 1956: A field report
Authors: Shor George G. , Roberts Ellis 
Published: May 2021

abstract
The San Miguel, Baja California Norte, earthquakes of February 9 and 14, 1956, were felt over most of northern Baja California and parts of southern California. They originated on the San Miguel fault. This newly named fault runs from the southern end of the Sierra Juárez, near the eastern end of the Agua Blanca fault, about N 60° W across the Álamo Plain. At least twelve miles of surface rupture occurred along this line during the February shocks. Cracks were uniformly open and arranged en échelon, stepping to the left. Magnitude of displacement was variable, but the direction was always right-lateral and up to the northeast. Surface evidence indicates that the fault is nearly vertical.
A zone of springs, linear hills and valleys, displaced drainage, and closed basins extends beyond the zone of surface rupture for fifty miles northwest to the vicinity of Guadalupe.
The main shock of February 9 occurred close to the northwest projection of the surface trace; the two major aftershocks on February 14 were near the southeast projection. This implies progressive faulting from northwest to southeast, similar to the southwest-to-northeast faulting in the Arvin-Tehachapi earthquake.
Slides occurred on the steep slopes of the Sierra Juárez. Temporary warm springs were formed a few miles from the fault, and near-by existing springs had variations in their flow.
Total property loss was small because there were few objects to be damaged. The six-building community of San Miguel, astride the fault, was severely hit: three adobe houses were destroyed and a frame schoolhouse was shifted from its inadequate foundations. Two brush shacks were relatively undamaged. Elsewhere, adobe and unreinforced concrete block structures suffered varying degrees of damage, most of which has gone unrepaired. The most common form of damage was cracking upward and outward from lintels.
The principal damage in and around the Álamo Plain, the area of surface rupture, was apparently from the shock of February 9. Beyond the southeast end of the surface trace, the only reported damage was from the aftershocks of February 14.
The mechanism of sandblows
Authors: Housner George W. 
Published: May 2021

abstract
The formation of sandblows by earthquakes is explained in terms of well-known properties of water-bearing soils. The important parameters of the problem are the porosity, the permeability, the elasticity, and the degree of consolidation of the soil. The important conditions are that the water table be sufficiently near the ground surface and that the readjustment of soil particles by the passage of seismic waves be of sufficient magnitude.
The Port Hueneme earthquake of March 18, 1957
Authors: Housner G. W. , Hudson D. E. 
Published: May 2021

abstract
The Port Hueneme earthquake of March 18, 1957, was the first recorded strong-motion earthquake for which the ground motion consisted essentially of a single pulse. Since all the energy of the earthquake was concentrated in one pulse, the ground accelerations and the response spectrum values were considerably larger than for more typical Pacific Coast earthquakes of equivalent magnitude. These abnormally high values are reflected in damage reports, which indicated an unusual amount of damage for a shock of magnitude 4.7.
Measured movement along the surface trace of an active thrust fault in the Buena Vista Hills, Kern County, California
Authors: Wilt James W. 
Published: May 2021

abstract
For the past twenty-four years, measurements have been made of continuing movement on an active thrust fault in the Buena Vista Hills oil field in Kern County, California. Data are presented which show the rate and accumulated ground movement normal to the strike of the fault. Maximum accumulated movement between pairs of control points has been 1.637 feet, corresponding to an average rate of 0.068 feet per year.
Attenuation of seismic waves in the earth's mantle
Authors: Gutenberg B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Contrasting with conclusions from laboratory experiments that the absorption coefficient k for amplitudes of elastic waves is proportional to 1/T, or, from theoretical considerations, that it should be proportional to 1/T or to 1/T2, observations of body waves through the mantle of the earth show little if any decrease in absorption with increasing period T. In teleseismic records S rarely shows periods of less than 4 seconds, while in P periods of 1 second are observed to the greatest distances. The value k = 0.06 per 1,000 km., found previously for P, P′P′ and P′P′P′ through the mantle and the core, is confirmed for P and PP and is found also for S in the mantle.
The particle motion of the S wave
Authors: Nuttli Otto W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA micrometer microscope has been used to obtain particle motion diagrams for the S phase re-recorded at Florissant for distances from 50° to 80°. The diagrams indicate that the particle motion is linear. Furthermore, the diagrams show that the SV and SH components arrive simultaneously. They also show that it is sometimes very difficult to obtain the sense of the first S motion from a simple visual inspection of the seismograms.
The tsunami of March 9, 1957, on the Island of Hawaii
Authors: Fraser George D. , Eaton Jerry P. , Wentworth Chester K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Aleutian-born tsunami of March 9, 1957, produced water heights on the island of Hawaii between those produced by the 1946 and 1952 tsunamis. The tsunami-generating mechanism, although poorly understood, permits a hypothesis of multiple waves generated near the source (or the same wave traveling different paths) which eventually interfere to produce contrasting intensities in different parts of the broad Hawaiian area. Comparisons suggest that each tsunami is unique and unpredictable in some respects and predictable in others. Water heights depend in part on location and orientation of coastlines with respect to the earthquake epicenter and the presumed line along which the tsunami was generated. Local conditions of seiche and coastline configuration further modify average wave heights. Local conditions are effectively constant with respect to Aleutian tsunamis, and empirical data on water heights and danger areas are available. A program of improving tsunami and earthquake observations, together with additional tide-observation stations, may eventually permit more precise evaluation of a tsunami both before and after its arrival.
Crustal structure of the north Pacific from Love-wave dispersion
Authors: De Noyer John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Short-period Love wave dispersion from the Kurile Islands earthquake (June 22, 1952; O = 21b 41m 53s; φ = 46° N; λ = 153°.5 E) can be explained with a two-layer crustal model in which the upper 2 km. of material has a shear-wave velocity of 2.31 km/sec. The second layer has a thickness of 4 km. and a shear-wave velocity of 3.71 to 3.86 km/sec. Shear-wave velocities of 4.50 to 4.52 km/sec. are used for the material immediately below the crust. This crustal model is compared with structures obtained from short-period Love wave dispersion across other Pacific paths and with results of refraction studies.
The seismic pulse in materials possessing solid friction, II: Lamb's problem
Authors: Knopoff L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study of the propagation of seismic waves through a medium having attenuation factors varying as the first power of the frequency has been extended to the geometry used by Lamb for the perfectly elastic case. The results show three pulse groups corresponding to P, S, and R events. For high Q, all three pulses are very sharp; these pulses broaden at rates proportional to the product of the distance and 1/Q. For symmetric pulse input and high Q, the R pulse is noticeably asymmetric, the P pulse only weakly so.
DETERMINANTES DA VIOLÊNCIA E CRIMINALIDADE NA BAHIA ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2015 A 2017
Authors: Santana Jadson , Santos Alex , Paiva Urandi 
Published: May 2021

Na atualidade a Violência e Criminalidade constituem-se em graves problemas para a sociedade brasileira. No entanto, há uma percepção empírica de que esses fenômenos e sua tolerância variam consideravelmente entre as sociedades, comunidades e entre os indivíduos. O presente trabalho é uma análise dos fatores associados com a manifestação da Violência e Criminalidade na Bahia. Para tanto, foram construídos cinco cenários considerando diferentes proxys desses fenômenos e utilizada uma metodologia de Dados em Painel, com 4 modelos econométricos e com informações dos 417 municípios do estado entre os anos de 2015 e 2017. Os principais resultados apontam que a estrutura social é um importante componente para a manifestação desses problemas sociais. Sendo assim, políticas de prevenção e combate à criminalidade devem considerar ações integradas entre os órgãos de justiça criminal e a família e a comunidade, subentendendo que estes são importantes propagadores de normas de conduta de coerção social.
Estudio del desarrollo de aleros y cuevas en diferentes regiones y contextos geológicos de la Argentina: hacia una caracterización de patrones y procesos
Authors: Favier Dubois Cristian M. , Kligmann Débora M. , Zárate Marcelo A. , Hocsman Salomon , Babot Pilar , Massigoge Agustina , Mosquera Bruno , Rivero Diego , Heider Guillermo , Martínez Gustavo A. , Ambrústolo Pablo , Carrera Aizpitarte Manuel , Gómez Augier Julián P. , Carbonelli Juan P. , Herrera Villegas Dalila , Durán Víctor A. 
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto cuyo objetivo principal consiste en realizar un análisis geoarqueológico de aleros y cuevas someras ubicados en diferentes regiones y contextos geológicos de la Argentina, con el fin de evaluar patrones y peculiaridades en el desarrollo de sus morfologías y estratigrafías. Dichos sitios constituyen ambientes restringidos con una dinámica particular que se forman, evolucionan, colmatan y/o colapsan de maneras diferentes y que deben estudiarse a escala regional para interpretar el registro arqueológico y tafonómico que contienen. En un mismo sector se pueden encontrar estas geoformas en diversas etapas de evolución, pero la velocidad de este proceso de cambio y sus características son poco conocidas para diferentes áreas del país. Es por ello que en esta contribución se analizan 24 casos de estudio localizados en distintas regiones para comenzar a evaluar patrones y procesos recurrentes. Así, se han observado algunas regularidades interesantes en cuanto a los propios reparos (morfologías, tipos y dimensiones) y sus rellenos (características y cronologías) que comienzan a aportar información útil para su interpretación arqueológica y tafonómica.
Стара штампана књига у електронским базама података
Authors: Драпшин Александра 
Published: May 2021

Дуго година, раритетне публикације похрањене у збиркама библиотека и других установа, чуване у магацинима и затвореним металним ормарима, могли су да читају само посетиоци посебних, за то предвиђених читаоница. Путем дигиталног окружења, оне су данас описане и претраживе у електронским каталозима и могу се прелистати у дигиталним библиотекама. Никад раније нису биле доступне тако великом кругу корисника. У раду се указује на могућности презентације раритета у електронским базама података, а посебно на њихово међусобно повезивање. Дигитализација раритета не подразумева само пренос података у нове формате, већ омогућава квалитетнији, нови интерактивни истраживачки приступ. Као пример су послужила искуства Библиотеке Матице српске – Електронски каталог Библиотеке, презентација Дигитална БМС и рад у Електронском регистру старе и ретке библиотечке грађе. Приликом библиографско-каталошке обраде раритета, поред описа издања, велика пажња се посвећује примерцима. У раду се наводе врсте података које се уписују у поља напомена при електронској обради старих књига. Указује се и на могућности повезивања електронског каталога са дигиталним колекцијама.
Connections Beyond Campus: Ontario University Library Outreach Programs for High Schools
Authors: Buchansky Heather 
Published: May 2021

Over the past few decades, partnerships and programming between secondary school and post-secondary librarians and libraries have been widely discussed in library literature. These collaborations often exist to help high school students develop information literacy (IL) skills and to provide a smoother transition to university-level research. This paper examines the current high school outreach activities at Ontario university libraries that aim to bridge the gap between high school and post-secondary education.
The purpose of this research, conducted through online surveys and interviews with academic librarians in the province, is to provide a snapshot of high school outreach activities and to highlight the benefits and challenges of such programming. It also examines why some libraries no longer offer such activities or programs. This analysis of the variety of outreach activities aims to generate discussion and ideas that academic libraries can use to connect with high school libraries.