bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imputation of incomplete large‐scale monitoring count data via penalized estimation
Authors: Dakki Mohamed , Robin Geneviève , Suet Marie , Qninba Abdeljebbar , El Agbani Mohammed A. , Ouassou Asmâa , El Hamoumi Rhimou , Azafzaf Hichem , Rebah Sami , Feltrup‐Azafzaf Claudia , Hamouda Naoufel , Ibrahim Wed A. L. , Asran Hosni H. , Elhady Amr A. , Ibrahim Haitham , Etayeb Khaled , Bouras Essam , Saied Almokhtar , Glidan Ashrof , Habib Bakar M. , Sayoud Mohamed S. , Bendjedda Nadjiba , Dami Laura , Deschamps Clemence , Gaget Elie , Mondain‐Monval Jean‐Yves , Defos du Rau Pierre 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In biodiversity monitoring, large datasets are becoming more and more widely available and are increasingly used globally to estimate species trends and conservation status. These large‐scale datasets challenge existing statistical analysis methods, many of which are not adapted to their size, incompleteness and heterogeneity. The development of scalable methods to impute missing data in incomplete large‐scale monitoring datasets is crucial to balance sampling in time or space and thus better inform conservation policies.

We developed a new method based on penalized Poisson models to impute and analyse incomplete monitoring data in a large‐scale framework. The method allows parameterization of (a) space and time factors, (b) the main effects of predictor covariates, as well as (c) space–time interactions. It also benefits from robust statistical and computational capability in large‐scale settings.

The method was tested extensively on both simulated and real‐life waterbird data, with the findings revealing that it outperforms six existing methods in terms of missing data imputation errors. Applying the method to 16 waterbird species, we estimated their long‐term trends for the first time at the entire North African scale, a region where monitoring data suffer from many gaps in space and time series.

This new approach opens promising perspectives to increase the accuracy of species‐abundance trend estimations. We made it freely available in the r package ‘lori’ (https://CRAN.R‐project.org/package=lori) and recommend its use for large‐scale count data, particularly in citizen science monitoring programmes.
The Na/K‐ATPase α1/Src interaction regulates metabolic reserve and Western diet intolerance
Authors: Kutz Laura C. , Cui Xiaoyu , Xie Jeffrey X. , Mukherji Shreya T. , Terrell Kayleigh C. , Huang Minqi , Wang Xiaoliang , Wang Jiayan , Martin Adam J. , Pessoa Marco T. , Cai Liquan , Zhu Hua , Heiny Judith A. , Shapiro Joseph I. , Blanco Gustavo , Xie Zijian , Pierre Sandrine V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimHighly prevalent diseases such as insulin resistance and heart failure are characterized by reduced metabolic flexibility and reserve. We tested whether Na/K‐ATPase (NKA)‐mediated regulation of Src kinase, which requires two NKA sequences specific to the α1 isoform, is a regulator of metabolic capacity that can be targeted pharmacologically.MethodsMetabolic capacity was challenged functionally by Seahorse metabolic flux analyses and glucose deprivation in LLC‐PK1‐derived cells expressing Src binding rat NKA α1, non‐Src‐binding rat NKA α2 (the most abundant NKA isoform in the skeletal muscle), and Src binding gain‐of‐function mutant rat NKA α2. Mice with skeletal muscle‐specific ablation of NKA α1 (skα1−/−) were generated using a MyoD:Cre‐Lox approach and were subjected to treadmill testing and Western diet. C57/Bl6 mice were subjected to Western diet with or without pharmacological inhibition of NKA α1/Src modulation by treatment with pNaKtide, a cell‐permeable peptide designed by mapping one of the sites of NKA α1/Src interaction.ResultsMetabolic studies in mutant cell lines revealed that the Src binding regions of NKA α1 are required to maintain metabolic reserve and flexibility. Skα1−/− mice had decreased exercise endurance and mitochondrial Complex I dysfunction. However, skα1−/− mice were resistant to Western diet‐induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, a protection phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of NKA α1‐mediated Src regulation with pNaKtide.ConclusionsThese results suggest that NKA α1/Src regulatory function may be targeted in metabolic diseases. Because Src regulatory capability by NKA α1 is exclusive to endotherms, it may link the aerobic scope hypothesis of endothermy evolution to metabolic dysfunction.
Combining ethics and compliance: A systems psychodynamic inquiry into praxis and outcomes
Authors: de Klerk Jeremias J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNotwithstanding empirical evidence that combining ethics and compliance into one function or programme is likely to erode an ethical culture in organisations, the praxis to coalesce ethics and compliance conceptually and structurally remains attractive and continues in many organisations. Drawing on systems psychodynamic theory, this study enquires into unconscious complexities and drivers that may contribute to adverse consequences when combining ethics and compliance. Whereas previous research demonstrates that compliance dominates ethics because of self‐regulation issues, this research provides deeper insight into why this happens. On explicating the unconscious dynamics that underlie the apparent lure of combination, it becomes clear that this praxis remains attractive because of its function to repress anxieties, maintain phantasies, and provide psychological comfort. In recognising the role of unconscious dynamics in the decision to combine ethics and compliance and the consequences thereof, cognition of this combination and its outcomes is moved beyond a conscious rational process. This elucidates the commanding opposing unconscious forces potentially at play in this decision. Insights could lessen adverse outcomes by prompting organisations to think of the combination of ethics and compliance as unconsciously motivated systemic processes that require sincere consideration before pursuing them.
The Galápagos Islands: biogeographic patterns and geology
Authors: Heads Michael , Grehan John R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn the traditional biogeographic model, the Galápagos Islands appeared a few million years ago in a sea where no other islands existed and were colonized from areas outside the region. However, recent work has shown that the Galápagos hotspot is 139 million years old (Early Cretaceous), and so groups are likely to have survived at the hotspot by dispersal of populations onto new islands from older ones. This process of metapopulation dynamics means that species can persist indefinitely in an oceanic region, as long as new islands are being produced. Metapopulations can also undergo vicariance into two metapopulations, for example at active island arcs that are rifted by transform faults. We reviewed the geographic relationships of Galápagos groups and found 10 biogeographic patterns that are shared by at least two groups. Each of the patterns coincides spatially with a major tectonic structure; these structures include: the East Pacific Rise; west Pacific and American subduction zones; large igneous plateaus in the Pacific; Alisitos terrane (Baja California), Guerrero terrane (western Mexico); rifting of North and South America; formation of the Caribbean Plateau by the Galápagos hotspot, and its eastward movement; accretion of Galápagos hotspot tracks; Andean uplift; and displacement on the Romeral fault system. All these geological features were active in the Cretaceous, suggesting that geological change at that time caused vicariance in widespread ancestors. The present distributions are explicable if ancestors survived as metapopulations occupying both the Galápagos hotspot and other regions before differentiating, more or less in situ.
Association between serum arsenic and oral cancer risk: A case‐control study in southeast China
Authors: Chen Qing , Qiu Yu , Chen Lin , Lin Jing , Yan Ling‐jun , Bao Xiao‐dan , Lin Li‐song , Pan Li‐zhen , Shi Bin , Zheng Xiao‐yan , Chen Fa , He Bao‐chang , Wang Jing , Liu Feng‐qiong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesEvidence on serum arsenic and oral cancer risk was limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum arsenic and the risk of oral cancer in a southeast China population.MethodsSerum arsenic was determined for 325 oral cancer patients and 648 controls using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were analysed the association between serum arsenic level and oral cancer risk, and crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Factors adjusted for included age, gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, education, residence, marital status and dietary factors. Stratification analysis was further performed according to drinking, smoking and dietary characteristics.ResultsSerum arsenic level was lower in the case group (P50 = 19.2μg/L, IQR = 11.6 ~ 26.4μg/L) than in the control group (P50 = 30.2 μg/L, IQR = 25.0 ~ 36.4 μg/L). An inverse but nonlinear association was observed between arsenic level and oral cancer risk by restricted cubic spline. These with moderate serum arsenic levels had a lower risk of oral cancer than those with low levels (OR = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.07‐0.18), after adjusting for demographic and dietary intake factors. We also kept serum arsenic as a continuous variable in a regression model, where a similar inverse association between arsenic and oral cancer was observed, with OR = 0.86 (95%CI: 0.84‐0.88). Stratification analysis revealed no significant multiplicative interactions between serum arsenic and smoking, drinking or dietary intake.ConclusionSerum arsenic is inversely related to oral cancer risk. Relative to those with low levels of arsenic, people with moderate serum arsenic levels had a lower risk of oral cancer. If confirmed, serum arsenic level may be a useful predictive marker for oral cancer risk.
Validation of InBody 770 bioelectrical impedance analysis compared to a four‐compartment model criterion in young adults
Authors: Brewer Gabrielle J. , Blue Malia N.M. , Hirsch Katie R. , Saylor Hannah E. , Gould Lacey M. , Nelson Alyson G. , Smith‐Ryan Abbie E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMulti‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF‐BIA) offers enhanced body composition outcomes in a time‐efficient manner. The accuracy of stand‐up MF‐BIA compared against a four‐compartment (4C) criterion lacks evidence.ObjectivesTo validate a stand‐up MF‐BIA compared to a 4C criterion for fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM) and body fat percentage (%fat).Subjects/MethodsEighty‐two healthy (32% men) normal‐weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) young adults were measured for body composition determined from a stand‐up MF‐BIA and 4C model. Validity statistics included total error (TE) and standard error of the estimate (SEE) to examine prediction error between methods.ResultsFor the total sample, prediction error was the highest for %fat (TE = 4.2%; SEE = 3.9%) followed by FM (TE = 2.4 kg; SEE = 2.2 kg) and FFM (TE = 2.4 kg; SEE = 2.2 kg). In men, %fat (TE = 2.5%; SEE = 2.2%) and FM (TE = 1.9 kg; SEE = 1.6 kg) were ideal; FFM was similar to FM (TE = 1.9 kg; SEE = 1.6 kg). In women, %fat (TE = 4.7%; SEE = 4.4%) ranged from good to fairly good, and FM was very good to excellent (TE = 2.6 kg; SEE = 2.4 kg); FFM was similar to FM (TE = 2.6 kg; SEE = 2.3 kg).ConclusionsStand‐up MF‐BIA may overestimate %fat and FM, and underestimate FFM compared to a 4C model. FM and FFM estimates from MF‐BIA demonstrate good agreement to a 4C model and may be a practical measure of body composition in normal‐weight adults. The highest error was seen in %fat for both sexes, with greater error in women.
Sputum processing by mechanical dissociation: A rapid alternative to traditional sputum assessment approaches
Authors: Barber Clair , Lau Laurie , Ward Jonathan A. , Daniels Thomas , Watson Alastair , Staples Karl J. , Wilkinson Tom M. A. , Howarth Peter H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSputum cytology is currently the gold standard to evaluate cellular inflammation in the airways and phenotyping patients with airways diseases. Sputum eosinophil proportions have been used to guide treatment for moderate to severe asthma. Furthermore, raised sputum neutrophils are associated with poor disease control and impaired lung function in both asthma and COPD and small airways disease in cystic fibrosis. However, induced‐sputum analysis is subjective and resource heavy, requiring dedicated specialist processing and assessment; this limits its utility in most clinical settings. Indirect blood eosinophil measures have been adopted in clinical care. However, there are currently no good peripheral blood biomarkers of airway neutrophils. A resource‐light sputum processing approach could thus help integrate induced sputum more readily into routine clinical care. New mechanical disruption (MD) methods can rapidly obtain viable single cell suspensions from sputum samples.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare MD sputum processing to traditional methods for cell viability, granulocyte proportions and sputum cytokine analysis.MethodsSputum plugs were split and processed using traditional methods and the MD method, and samples were then compared.ResultsThe MD method produced a homogeneous cell suspension in 62 s; 70 min faster than the standard method used. No significant difference was seen between the cell viability (p = 0.09), or the concentration of eosinophils (p = 0.83), neutrophils (p = 0.99) or interleukin‐8 (p = 0.86) using MD.ConclusionThis cost‐effective method of sputum processing could provide a more pragmatic, sustainable means of directly monitoring the airway milieu. Therefore, we recommend this method be taken forward for further investigation.
Mitral commissural prolapse
Authors: Papadimitraki Eva D. , Patrianakos Alexandros , Pitsis Antonios , Marketou Maria , Zacharaki Angeliki , Parthenakis Fragiskos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMitral commissural prolapse or flail, either isolated or combined with more extensive degenerative valve disease, imposes several challenges both on its diagnosis and management while being a risk factor for valve reoperation after mitral valve repair. Accurate identification of the prolapsing segment is often not feasible with transthoracic 2D echocardiography, with transesophageal 3D imaging then required for correct diagnosis and surgical planning. Various surgical techniques employed alone or in combination have yielded good results in the repair of commissural prolapse. Herein, we analyze the specific characteristics of commissural disease focusing our attention on 2D and 3D echocardiographic findings and we briefly comment on techniques employed for surgical correction of the disease.
Legislating for profit and optimal Eighth‐Amendment review
Authors: Mungan Murat C. , Miceli Thomas J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe compare a net‐revenue maximizing legislator's criminalization and punishment decisions to the optimal choices. The legislator over‐criminalizes and over‐punishes all criminalized acts when the degree to which it internalizes harms from crimes increases proportionally with the harm. An analysis of Eighth‐Amendment review, in the form of upper‐bounds on fines, reveals that it can both reduce fines to their optimal levels and remove the legislator's incentives to inefficiently criminalize low‐harm acts in the first place. These results provide a rationale for asymmetric judicial review wherein upper‐bounds are imposed on punishment, but lower‐bounds are not.
The longer the better? Trade‐offs in fisheries stock assessment in dynamic ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Fan , Reid Kevin B. , Nudds Thomas D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnvironmental change and anthropogenic activity, alone or in combination, may cause vital rates of fish populations to exhibit low‐frequency, large‐magnitude variation leading to non‐stationary population processes in inherently dynamic ecosystems. It remains unclear why, when and, so, whether, non‐stationary population processes should be taken into account in fisheries stock assessment models. Here, we clarify the necessity and conditions for including non‐stationary population processes in stock assessment models. Specifically, the convention of treating population vital rates with constant parameters might be unreliable under regime shifts characterized by low‐frequency, large‐magnitude variation in drivers of fish population dynamics. We hypothesized and simulated effects of a U‐shaped trade‐off between the length of time‐series data and model estimation error for fish populations exhibiting non‐stationary dynamics. In the case of low‐frequency, large‐magnitude variation, when measurement errors were small, the effects of non‐stationary population processes were stronger than otherwise. Including time‐varying parameters of population vital rates in the assessment model resolved this dilemma as anticipated, albeit at the cost of increased model complexity, suggesting that accounting for non‐stationarity with time‐varying parameters alone may not be sufficient to improve stock assessments and other approaches should also be considered.
Factor VIII concentrate dosing with lean body mass, ideal body weight and total body weight in overweight and obesity: A randomized, controlled, open‐label, 3 × 3 crossover trial
Authors: Seaman Craig D. , Yabes Jonathan G. , Lalama Christina M. , Ragni Margaret V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionObesity alters the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of drugs making it difficult to determine the appropriate dose when administering weight‐based medications. Alternative descriptors of body weight, such as lean body mass (LBM) and ideal body weight (IBW), are sometimes used in these situations.MethodsWe performed a single‐centre, randomized, controlled, open‐label, 3 × 3 crossover trial to determine whether recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) dosing based on LBM and IBW achieves a targeted FVIII recovery with better precision than based on total body weight (TBW) in overweight and obese, adult males with haemophilia A. Participants were randomized to 1 of 6 possible FVIII concentrate dosing sequence scenarios (TBW, LBM and IBW). Recombinant FVIII was administered on 3 separate weeks following a washout period of at least 72 hours.ResultsA total of 19 participants were randomized and completed the study. FVIII recovery was lower at 30 minutes post‐rFVIII infusion in LBM vs TBW and IBW vs TBW‐based dosing, mean difference −0.38 (95% CI: −0.56, −0.20) and −0.28 (95% CI: −0.47, −0.10) IU/dL per IU/kg, respectively. In LBM vs TBW and IBW vs TBW‐based dosing, there was a non‐significant increase in the proportion of participants with a targeted FVIII recovery of 2.00 ± 0.20 IU/dl per IU/kg, OR = 1.93 (95% CI: 0.44, 8.55) and OR = 3.65 (0.80, 16.72), respectively.DiscussionBased on our study's findings, overweight and obese patients with haemophilia A may benefit from an individualized PK analysis using LBM and IBW to determine the most accurate, and potentially cost‐effective, method of achieving targeted FVIII recovery.
Presentation and non‐surgical endodontic treatment of two patients with X‐linked hypophosphatemia: a case report
Authors: Bradley H. , Dutta A. , Philpott R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo describe two patients with X‐linked hypophosphatemia presenting with spontaneous signs of pulpal necrosis in multiple intact teeth. The presentation and management are discussed, along with the diagnostic and endodontic treatment challenges.SummaryTwo young male patients with X‐linked hypophosphatemia were referred to the Department of Restorative Dentistry at the Edinburgh Dental Institute, UK for management of dental infection. Both patients were referred due to their unusual clinical presentation and abnormal root canal morphology. They subsequently presented on multiple occasions with pain or sinus tracts over a 3‐ and 5‐year period whilst under care. Clinical examination revealed intact teeth with buccal swellings, draining buccal sinuses and negative responses to pulp sensibility testing. Radiographic examination, generally consisting of periapical radiographs, revealed intact teeth with a range of unusual morphological features including large pulp chambers, wide canals, short roots and open apices, all with associated periapical radiolucencies. Due to the unusual morphology, some teeth required apexification with a mineral trioxide aggregate plug. Patient 1 underwent root canal treatment on teeth 21 and 43 over a 3‐year period. Patient 2 underwent root canal treatment on 10 permanent teeth over a 5‐year period. At follow‐up, both patients were asymptomatic and clinically the teeth had no signs of infection or periapical inflammation. Radiographic examination confirmed complete resolution of the apical radiolucencies on 11 out of 12 teeth. Favourable outcomes have been demonstrated up to a follow‐up of 4.5 years.Key learning points

Patients with X‐linked hypophosphatemia may present with ‘spontaneous’ signs of pulp necrosis in multiple teeth in the absence of caries and trauma posing a diagnostic challenge.

Abnormal morphological features, including wide canals and open apices, may present challenges during root canal treatment.

Outcomes demonstrate that an appropriate root canal treatment protocol, including the application of apexification procedures, may be implemented to successfully manage such cases.
Complete Blood Count as point of care testing QBC STAR™: Preliminary evaluation
Authors: Napolitano Gavino , Caracciolo Alessandra , Apassiti Esposito Sara , Della Malva Nunzia , Manenti Barbara , Guerra Giovanni , Ottomano Cosimo , Lippi Giuseppe , Buoro Sabrina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPoint of care testing (POCT) represents a valuable option when laboratory data shall be urgently available for timely clinical management, with a turnaround time (TAT) that is unfeasible using conventional laboratory instrumentation. This study was aimed to compare the performance of QBC STAR™ compared to Sysmex XN‐module and the reference optical microscopy (OM) assessment.Material and MethodsOne hundred peripheral blood samples, collected in K3EDTA tubes, and 50 capillary blood samples obtained by finger stick were analyzed with QBC STAR™, Sysmex XN‐module, and OM. Data were compared with Passing‐Bablok regression and Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsThe Passing‐Bablok regression analysis (QBC STAR™ capillary sample vs XN‐module) yielded slopes comprised between 0.30 and 1.37, while the intercepts ranged between −17.57 and 232.6. Bland‐Altman plots yielded relative bias comprised between −4.87% (for MN QBC STAR™ capillary sample vs XN‐module) and 27% (PLT QBC STAR™ capillary sample vs XN‐module). A significant bias was found for all parameters except MN and WBC, RBC in all and pediatric samples, and HB in adults samples.ConclusionThe results of this analytical evaluation suggest that QBC STAR™ may not be the ideal tool for performing complete blood count analysis for diagnostic purposes, while it could be more useful in urgent/emergent conditions, such as for rapid monitoring of some hematological parameters (eg, WBC and HB).
Missing links in the inclusive growth debate: Functional income distribution and labour market institutions
Authors: ÁLVAREZ Ignacio , KEUNE Maarten , CRUCES Jesús , UXÓ Jorge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which “inclusive growth” proposals made by various international organizations are consistent with their own objectives. The authors identify two commonly overlooked “missing links”: functional income distribution and collective bargaining coverage. Using a panel of 42 advanced countries for the period 1990–2018, they find that the first has an important influence on income inequality and the second plays a significant role in explaining increases in the wage share and reductions in income inequality. Consequently, these two factors must be fully integrated into the policy debate of international organizations if inclusive growth is to be successfully promoted.