bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magical Thinking
Authors: McWilliams Stuart 
Published: September 2021

How do we write about magic?
Responding to a renewed interest in the history of the occult, this volume examines the role of magic in a series of methodological controversies in the humanities. In case studies ranging from the ‘necromancy’ of historiography to the strident rationalism of the ‘New Atheism,’ Magical Thinking sets out the surprising ways in which scholars and critics have imagined the occult. The volume argues that thinking and writing about magic has engendered multiple epistemological crises, profoundly unsettling the understanding of history and knowledge in Western culture. By examining how scholarly writing has contended and conspired with discourses of enchantment, the book reveals the implications of magic - and its scholarship - for intellectual history.
A review on the novel discoveries of Begomoviruses in Oman
Authors: Shahid M. S. , Al-Sadi Prof. Abdullah M. 
Published: September 2021

Begomoviruses (family; Geminiviradae) consist of single-stranded (ss) and circular genome particles. They are transmitted by whiteflies, and represent a major constraint to agricultural crops in different parts of the world. In Oman, they have been causing huge losses to crop (tomato, cucumber, watermelon and beans). Research on begomoviruses in Oman over the last years focused on molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationship, recombination analysis, pathogenicity test on model and host plants and the development of transgenic plants with resistance. Some studies focused on the association of DNA satellites (alphasatellite and betasatellite) molecules with begomoviruses. This review highlights the latest developments in begomovirus and associated DNA satellites discoveries in Oman over the last three decades. This period encountered changes in agricultural practices and developments in virus detection technologies from morphological to the application of genome diagnostics to the emergence of high throughput DNA sequencing, capable to sequence multiple and diverse DNA molecules in parallel, enabling of millions of DNA molecules to be sequenced at a time. In addition, several tomato cultivars bearing different Ty genes having resistance to TYLCD complex were developed.
Characterization of Genetic Diversity in Dhofari Wild Gazelles
Authors: Al-Abri Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Wild gazelles are scattered in most of the arid and semi-arid areas of the Sultanate of Oman particularly in valleys, mountains and sandy zones of Rub' al Khali desert. Recently, gazelles’ populations have been facing reduction in the numbers. Consequently, gradual loss of genetic diversity is inevitable. This loss is considered one of the main threats that attribute to a loss of habitat and may lead to gazelle extinction. Till now, little is known about the status of the genetic diversity of the wild Dhofari gazelle. This project aimed to determine the extent of inbreeding, population structure and genetic diversity in the Dhofari gazelles’ populations. DNA was extracted from gazelles’ fecal samples using the human stool DNA extraction protocol. Following extraction, four microsatellite nuclear markers were used to calculate the level of inbreeding, population differentiation and genetic diversity. PCR inhibitors were significantly removed by the addition of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The mean inbreeding for the population was 0.228 for all loci with a standard error of 0.09. It is therefore postulated that Dhofari gazelles are generally undergoing gradual inbreeding which could lead to lack of fitness in future generations. The genetic differentiation (Fst) ranged between 0.071 (between Gara and Stom) and 0.231 (between Gara and Ayon). On the other hand, the Fst estimate between Solot (most distant) versus other Dhofari gazelles populations (pooled together) was 3.7%. Principle Components Analysis clustered Ayon and Gara populations apart from one another and closer to Stom while placing Solot further than all other populations which is in agreement with the Fst results and the geographical distribution. In conclusion, the results of this preliminary study will provide insight towards the conservation of wild gazelles in Dhofar. This is the first study to report the genetic diversity and status of wild Gazelles and provides a reference point for future studies assessing their genetic diversity and variability.
Anti-diabetic Potential Properties of Two Edible Omani Wild Plants (Pteropyrum scoparium and Oxalis corniculata)
Authors: Al-Qalhati Iman R. S. , Waly Mostafa Ibrahim , Al-Subhi Lyutha , Al-Attabi Zahir 
Published: September 2021

Background:The use of plant for medicinal purposes has a long history worldwide. There is a lack of research that identifies the antidiabetic effect of edible Omani wild plants. Oxidative stress mediates the pathogenesis of diabetes and it has been suggested that natural antioxidants might be considered as an effective intervention for combating diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to assess the anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential properties of two edible Omani wild plants (Pteropyrum scoparium and Oxalis corniculata) or their mixture in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-seven male Sprague Dawley rats, weighting 250–300 grams, were allocated into 5 groups: non-diabetic (9 rats/group), diabetic group (7 rats/group), and three diabetic groups that received oral feeding of either Pteropyrum scoparium, Oxalis corniculata, or their mixture (7 rats/group). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection dose of STZ drug, 50 mg/kg body weight. At the end of the experimental trial, after 8 weeks, all rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed; blood glucose was measured, meanwhile pancreatic tissues were dissected and homogenized for the biochemical assessment of oxidative stress markers (glutathione, GSH, and total antioxidant capacity, TAC). Results: STZ resulted in hyperglycemia and oxidative stress (GSH depletion and TAC impairment) in diabetic group as compared to non-diabetic group. Meanwhile the concomitant treatment of diabetic groups with the two wild the edible Omani plants or their mixture have shown a protective effect against the STZ-induced hyperglycemia, but with no effect on oxidative stress. It was noted that for the final boy weight, the improvement was not significant as well. Histopathological examination of the pancreatic tissues showed that the STZ injection lead to pathological changes associated with diabetes in the pancreatic tissues of all diabetic groups. Conclusion: Pteropyrum scoparium and Oxalis corniculata combated the STZ-induced hyperglycemia with no effect on oxidative stress. Also, there was no synergistic effect of Pteropyrum scoparium and Oxalis corniculata on hyperglycemia or oxidative stress.
The Association Between Patient Satisfaction and Mode of Visit (Telemedicine Versus In-Person) in a Large Orthopaedic Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bisson Leslie J. , Kluczynski Melissa A. , Lindborg Carter M. , Rauh Michael A. , DiPaola Matthew J. , Haider Mohammad N. , Pavlesen Sonja 
Published: September 2021

Background:
During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine was rapidly adopted to provide continued, efficient, and safe medical care. Little is known about patient satisfaction with telemedicine in orthopedics or the factors associated with selection of telemedicine versus face-to-face care. Thus, we examined (1) the association between patient satisfaction and mode of visit (telemedicine versus in-person) and (2) predictors of patient satisfaction in a large orthopedic practice during the onset of the pandemic.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of in-person and telemedicine visits within a large, university-affiliated orthopaedic practice between March 2020 and April 2020 during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients who completed a patient satisfaction survey were included. Demographic and other office visit (eg, type of provider and type of visit) data were collected. A Patient Satisfaction Aggregate (PSA, range 0 to 1) score was calculated by taking the average of five patient satisfaction questions. Linear regression was used to examine (1) the association between PSA score and mode of visit and (2) predictors of PSA score.

Results:
A total of 2,049 of 6,515 patient satisfaction surveys were completed and included for analysis, of which 748 had telemedicine visits and 1,301 had in-person visits. No association was found between PSA score and mode of visit with and without adjustment for duration of patient-physician relationship, appointment type (new versus follow-up), provider type (physician versus nonphysician), and provider subspecialty (βunadjusted = 0.004 [SE = 0.01], P = 0.44; βadjusted = 0.001 [SE = 0.01], P = 0.92). Predictors of increased PSA score were White race (P = 0.001), >1 year relationship with provider (P
1-3 years = 0.01, P
3-5 years = 0.04, and P
5+ years = 0.002), physician provider (P = 0.004), and foot/ankle provider (P = 0.04), whereas predictors of decreased PSA score were oncology provider (P = 0.02) and spine provider (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
We found no association between PSA score and mode of visit. Predictors of PSA score included race, duration of patient-physician relationship, provider type, and provider subspecialty.
Um modelo do processo de inovação à luz da Resource-Based View e da teoria do Crescimento da Firma, de Edith Penrose
Authors: Sousa Pedro Henrique Rodrigues de , Reyes Junior Edgar , Costa Caroline Cordova Bicudo da , Reis André Luiz Nascimento 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To analyze the innovation process in the light of the RBV and The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, by Edith Penrose.Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review was carried out using the Methodi Ordinatio. The Social Network Analysis technique was performed to determine which theoretical contexts the studies were based on. Similarity Analysis was also carried out to identify the relationship between the elements of the focal approaches and the innovation process.Originality/relevance: The Penrose study is considered by many researchers to be the antecedent of what was later called Resource-Based View, however, most of these studies did not fully explain the contribution of Penrose´s theory in the specifics of the theoretical view. Although research on innovation has been based on theoretical approaches in the field of strategy, there have been no analyses that systematized the innovation process by integrating the Penrose theory and RBV.Main results: The studies that analyzed innovation from the RBV and the Theory of the Growth of the Firm emphasized the maintenance of competitive advantage as a result of its dynamic capabilities, as well as access to and use of organizational knowledge.The authors identified heterogeneous innovation resources and imperfectly mobile, such as user-technology interactions, trajectory-dependent capabilities, specialized assets, RD capabilities, and network ties.Theoretical contributions: The study revealed that through the continuous execution of the innovation process, unique core competencies (e.g., RD experience) are developed to improve heterogeneous and imperfectly mobile innovation resources.
Elevated von Willebrand Factor Antigen Is an Early Predictor of Mortality and Prolonged Length of Stay for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Inpatients
Authors: Cotter Alexander H. , Yang Su-Jau T. , Shafi Hedyeh , Cotter Timothy M. , Palmer-Toy Darryl Erik 
Published: September 2021

Context.—
Coagulation factor and endothelial injury marker, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), is elevated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective.—
To assess the prognostic value of vWF:Ag for COVID-19 inpatients.

Design.—
Citrated plasma samples collected from COVID-19 inpatients for D-dimer measurement were tested for vWF:Ag. Measurements of vWF:Ag and common acute-phase reactants were correlated with clinical outcomes and length of stay (LOS).

Results.—
We included 333 samples from a diverse group of 120 COVID-19 inpatients. There was a clear association of higher peak measurements of vWF:Ag and other acute-phase reactants with adverse clinical outcomes. Peak vWF:Ag &gt;300% was associated with a 5-fold increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 5.08; P &lt; .001) and a 30-fold increased risk of prolonged (&gt;4 days) LOS (OR, 29.65; P = .001). Peak D-dimer &gt;3.8 fibrinogen equivalent units (FEUs) mg/L was associated with a 15-fold increase in risk of death (OR, 14.73; P &lt; .001) and a 5-fold increased risk of prolonged LOS (OR, 4.55; P = .02). Using the earliest paired measurements of vWF:Ag and D-dimer from each patient and the same cutoffs, vWF:Ag was associated with a 3.5-fold increase in risk of death (OR, 3.54; P = .004) and a 20-fold risk of prolonged LOS (OR, 20.19; P = .004). Yet D-dimer was not significantly associated with either death (OR, 1.9; P = .29) or prolonged LOS (OR, 1.02; P = .98).

Conclusions.—
Both peak and early postadmission vWF:Ag &gt;300% were highly predictive of death and prolonged LOS among COVID-19 inpatients. Measurement of vWF:Ag may prove a valuable tool to guide escalation of COVID-19 treatment, particularly anticoagulation.
Farm Fresh Broadband
Authors: Ali Christopher 
Published: September 2021

An analysis of the failure of U.S. broadband policy to solve the rural–urban digital divide, with a proposal for a new national rural broadband plan.
As much of daily life migrates online, broadband—high-speed internet connectivity—has become a necessity. The widespread lack of broadband in rural America has created a stark urban–rural digital divide. In Farm Fresh Broadband, Christopher Ali analyzes the promise and the failure of national rural broadband policy in the United States and proposes a new national broadband plan. He examines how broadband policies are enacted and implemented, explores business models for broadband providers, surveys the technologies of rural broadband, and offers case studies of broadband use in the rural Midwest.
Ali argues that rural broadband policy is both broken and incomplete: broken because it lacks coordinated federal leadership and incomplete because it fails to recognize the important roles of communities, cooperatives, and local providers in broadband access. For example, existing policies favor large telecommunication companies, crowding out smaller, nimbler providers. Lack of competition drives prices up—rural broadband can cost 37 percent more than urban broadband. The federal government subsidizes rural broadband by approximately $6 billion. Where does the money go?
Ali proposes democratizing policy architecture for rural broadband, modeling it after the wiring of rural America for electricity and telephony. Subsidies should be equalized, not just going to big companies. The result would be a multistakeholder system, guided by thoughtful public policy and funded by public and private support.
A Comparative Study on Educational Aspiration and Parental Encouragement among Rural and Urban High School Children
Authors: Pindar Reenu , Singh C. K. 
Published: September 2021

Adolescence is the time of transition from childhood dependence to early adulthood freedom and responsibility. Educational aspiration is explained as a psychological construct, which reflects a cognitive type of motivation of the individual. Educational aspiration reflects educational goals an individual set for himself/herself. Parental encouragement is the inspiration or extra-boosting given by the parents to the children for their active involvement in academic life. The present study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Hisar and Fatehabad district of Haryana state. The sample of study included 120 respondents from Hisar and 120 from Fatehabad district, thus total sample comprised of 240 respondents. Educational Aspiration Scale by Sharma and Gupta (2015) was used to assess educational aspiration and Parental Encouragement Scale by Sharma (1997) was used to assess parental encouragement of students.
The results of study revealed that majority of respondents belonged to moderate category of educational aspirations and majority of respondents perceived moderate level of parental encouragement. There were significant differences in educational aspirations and parental encouragement of children from rural and urban area. In urban area, respondents had significantly greater educational aspiration and parental encouragement as compared to respondents from rural area.
Wide Bandgap Polymer with Narrow Photon Harvesting in Visible Light Range Enables Efficient Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Xu Chunyu , Jin Ke , Xiao Zuo , Zhao Zijin , Ma Xiaoling , Wang Xuelin , Li Junming , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Shuping , Ding Liming , Zhang Fujun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWide bandgap polymer D18 with narrow photon harvesting in visible light range and small molecule N3 with near‐infrared photon harvesting are adopted for building semitransparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs). To find out the optimal D18:N3 weight ratio for semitransparent OPVs, series of opaque OPVs are built with a varied D18:N3 weight ratio. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor can be maintained over 16% and 77% in the D18:N3 (0.7:1.6, wt/wt) based opaque OPVs, respectively. The average visible transmittance (AVT) of the corresponding blend films can be achieved over 50%, demonstrating the great potential in fabricating efficient semitransparent OPVs. The semitransparent OPVs based on D18:N3 (0.7:1.6, wt/wt) are fabricated by using 1 nm Au/(10, 15, 20 nm) Ag as cathode. The thickness of Ag layers is varied to balance the optical properties and electrical properties of semitransparent top electrode. The semitransparent OPVs with 10 nm Ag achieve the highest light utilization efficiency of 2.90% with a PCE of 12.91% and an AVT of 22.49%, which should be among the best performance of reported semitransparent OPVs. This work demonstrates that the wide bandgap polymer donor with narrow photon harvesting in visible light range has great potential in preparing efficient semitransparent OPVs.
Electro‐Optic Activity in Excess of 1000 pm V−1 Achieved via Theory‐Guided Organic Chromophore Design
Authors: Xu Huajun , Elder Delwin L. , Johnson Lewis E. , de Coene Yovan , Hammond Scott R. , Vander Ghinst Wouter , Clays Koen , Dalton Larry R. , Robinson Bruce H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh performance organic electro‐optic (OEO) materials enable ultrahigh bandwidth, small footprint, and extremely low drive voltage in silicon‐organic hybrid and plasmonic‐organic hybrid photonic devices. However, practical OEO materials under device‐relevant conditions are generally limited to performance of ≈300 pm V−1 (10× the EO response of lithium niobate). By means of theory‐guided design, a new series of OEO chromophores is demonstrated, based on strong bis(4‐dialkylaminophenyl)phenylamino electron donating groups, capable of EO coefficients (r33) in excess of 1000 pm V−1. Density functional theory modeling and hyper‐Rayleigh scattering measurements are performed and confirm the large improvement in hyperpolarizability due to the stronger donor. The EO performance of the exemplar chromophore in the series, BAY1, is evaluated neat and at various concentrations in polymer host and shows a nearly linear increase in r33 and poling efficiency (r33/Ep, Ep is poling field) with increasing chromophore concentration. 25 wt% BAY1/polymer composite shows a higher poling efficiency (3.9 ± 0.1 nm2 V−2) than state‐of‐the‐art neat chromophores. Using a high‐ε charge blocking layer with BAY1, a record‐high r33 (1100 ± 100 pm V−1) and poling efficiency (17.8 ± 0.8 nm2 V−2) at 1310 nm are achieved. This is the first reported OEO material with electro‐optic response larger than thin‐film barium titanate.
Precise Ultrasound Neuromodulation in a Deep Brain Region Using Nano Gas Vesicles as Actuators
Authors: Hou Xuandi , Qiu Zhihai , Xian Quanxiang , Kala Shashwati , Jing Jianing , Wong Kin Fung , Zhu Jiejun , Guo Jinghui , Zhu Ting , Yang Minyi , Sun Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltrasound is a promising new modality for non‐invasive neuromodulation. Applied transcranially, it can be focused down to the millimeter or centimeter range. The ability to improve the treatment's spatial resolution to a targeted brain region could help to improve its effectiveness, depending upon the application. The present paper details a neurostimulation scheme using gas‐filled nanostructures, gas vesicles (GVs), as actuators for improving the efficacy and precision of ultrasound stimuli. Sonicated primary neurons display dose‐dependent, repeatable Ca2+responses, closely synced to stimuli, and increased nuclear expression of the activation marker c‐Fos in the presence of GVs. GV‐mediated ultrasound triggered rapid and reversible Ca2+responses in vivo and could selectively evoke neuronal activation in a deep‐seated brain region. Further investigation indicate that mechanosensitive ion channels are important mediators of this effect. GVs themselves and the treatment scheme are also found not to induce significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis, or membrane poration in treated cells. Altogether, this study demonstrates a simple and effective method to achieve enhanced and better‐targeted neurostimulation with non‐invasive low‐intensity ultrasound.
Paternal retraction of a fragile X allele to normal size, showing normal function over two generations
Authors: Bartlett Essra , Archibald Alison D. , Francis David , Ling Ling , Thomas Rob , Chandler Gabrielle , Ward Lisa , O'Farrell Gemma , Pandelache Alison , Delatycki Martin B. , Bennetts Bruce H. , Ho Gladys , Fisk Katrina , Baker Emma K. , Amor David J. , Godler David E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe FMR1 premutation (PM:55‐199 CGG) is associated with fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and when maternally transmitted is at risk of expansion to a hypermethylated full mutation (FM: ≥ 200 CGG) that causes fragile X syndrome (FXS). We describe a maternally transmitted PM (77 CGG) that was passed to a son (103 CGG), and to a daughter (220–1822 CGG), who were affected with FXTAS and FXS, respectively. The male with the PM showed low‐level mosaicism for normal size of 30 and 37 CGG. This male had two offspring: one female mosaic for PM and FM (56, 157, >200 CGG) and another with only a 37 CGG allele detected in multiple tissues, neither with a clinical phenotype. The female with the 37 CGG allele showed normal levels of FMR1 methylation and mRNA and passed this 37 CGG allele to one of her daughters, who was also unaffected. These findings show that post‐zygotic paternal retraction can lead to low‐level mosaicism for normal size alleles, with these normal alleles being functional when passed over two generations.
Pd(II)‐catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of N‐aryl‐2‐aminopyrimidines with Mo(CO)6 as Carbon Monoxide Source
Authors: Deng Ting‐Ting , Huang Jie , Lian Guo , Sun Wen‐Wu , Wu Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA convenient and efficient synthetic protocol for the preparation of pyrimidoquinazolinone through Pd(II)‐catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of N‐aryl‐2‐aminopyrimidines with Mo(CO)6 as carbon monoxide source is established. A series of 6H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐6‐one derivatives were obtained in good yields. The scale‐up synthesis was investigated.