bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Original Research Production of Haploids and Doubled Haploids from Unfertilized Ovule Culture of Various Wild Species of Gentians (Gentiana&nbsp;spp.)
Authors: Takamura Yutaro , Takahashi Ryo , Hikage Takashi , Hatakeyama Katsunori , Takahata Yoshihito 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The production of haploids and doubled haploids (DHs) on unfertilized ovule culture was examined in 19 wild species of gentians ( Gentiana ssp.) classified into eight sections. Of the 19 species including 35 strains, embryo-like structures (ELSs) were obtained in 15 species, and regenerated plants were produced in 11 species. ELS production has varied greatly among the15 species, i.e., 0.5%-79.2% frequency of responding flower buds and 0.01-1.99 ELSs per flower bud. Of the ELS-producing species, almost all were classified into the sects. Pneumonanthe or Cruciata . Species in sect. Pneumonanthe showed higher responses than those in sect. Cruciata . In examining the effect of flower bud stage on ELS production, more than twice as many ELSs were observed at the anther-dehiscent stage than that at the anther-indehiscent stage. Ploidy level was determined in 117 randomly selected regenerated plantlets, which suggests that most were haploid (32.5%) and diploid (46.2%). When 12 diploid plants were examined using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 8 (66.7%) were DH. This study revealed that unfertilized ovule culture can be applied not only on cultivated gentian species but also on a number of wild species. The production of haploids and DHs in wild gentians provides novel prospects for ornamental and/or medicinal gentian breeding.
The Safety of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Hemophilic Arthropathy
Authors: Lo Wanshan , Sheen Jiunn-Ming , Chen Yu-Chieh , Wu Kuan-Ting , Wang Lin-Yi , Lau Yiu-Chung , Hsiao Chih-Chen , Ko Jih-Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe hemophilic arthropathy was caused by repeated joint bleeding, which resulted in joint synovium hyperplasia, cartilage damage and bone deformity. Extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) is a non-invasive treatment with high safety and has been widely used in the treatment of various musculoskeletal conditions. This study was aimed to evaluate the safety of ESWT in hemophilic arthropathy of the knee.MethodsThis is a prospective single blind randomized control study conducted between 2019/08/01 and 2020/07/31. Hemophilia and Von Willebrand disease patients were enrolled and randomized for extracorporeal shock wave therapy to the left or right knee joint and energy-free sham therapy to the other knee joint at the 1st and 2nd month after prophylactic coagulation factor administration. As safety evaluation, hemophilia joint health score (HJHS), knee score scale (KSS), visual analog scale (VAS) and ultrasound (HEAD-US) were checked at the beginning, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th month. Knee MRI was examined at the beginning and 6th month.ResultsHJHS score of the knee receiving real ESWT did not elevate in 9 patients (75%). KSS demonstrated neither significant improvement nor deterioration after ESWT. VAS declined after two sessions of ESWT. Ultrasound and MRI showed no breakthrough joint bleeding nor progression of previously existed effusion and hemarthrosis.ConclusionESWT might be a safe treatment for hemophilic arthropathy once prophylactic coagulation factors are adequately administrated before ESWT. Further well-controlled study enrolling more hemophilia patients might be needed for the effectiveness of ESWT on these patients.
Tunable Omnidirectional Band Gap Properties of 1D Plasma Annular Periodic Multilayer Structure Based on an Improved Fibonacci Topological Structure
Authors: Peng Hong-Mei , Wan Bao-Fei , Wang Peng-Xiang , Zhang Dan , Zhang Hai-Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the characteristics of the omnidirectional band gap (OBG) for one-dimensional (1D) plasma cylindrical photonic crystals (PCPCs) are based on an improved Fibonacci topological (IFT) structure are studied. The influences of the azimuthal mode number, incident angle, plasma thickness, and plasma frequency on the OBG are discussed. It is concluded that increasing the azimuth modulus can significantly expand the bandwidth of the OBG, and the OBG can be moved to the low-frequency direction by increasing the plasma frequency. In addition, an interesting phenomenon can be found that when the number of azimuthal modes is equal to 2, the TM wave can produce an extra high reflection zone. It provides a theoretical support for designing the narrowband filters without introducing any physical defect layers in the structure.
A Nomogram Predicting Central Lymph Node Metastasis for Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Min Yu , Feng Yang , Xiang Ke , Chen Hang , Wang Xing , Yin Guobing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeCentral lymph node metastasis (CLNM) has been regarded as a predictor of relatively poor prognosis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Our study aimed to identify the risk factors for CLNM and develop a nomogram helping clinical decisions.MethodA total of 1,054 patients underwent thyroidectomy between January 2019 and September 2020 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Among these patients, 747 patients with histopathologically confirmed PTC were included in this retrospective study. The perioperative clinical data of these patients were reviewed and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and CLNM. A nomogram model was subsequently established and validated by a decision curve analysis (DCA) curve.Result33.6% (251/747) patients with PTC were confirmed with CLNM. And the CLNM was determined in 31.4% (168/535) non- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) patients and 39.2% (83/212) HT patients, respectively. 4 clinicopathological factors including gender, age, size, and HT were confirmed significantly associated with CLNM. The established nomogram showed promising discrimination and consistency in the study group with a C-index of 0.703. The decision curve analysis showed the nomogram has clinical feasibility.Conclusion﻿Our data suggested that male gender, younger age, larger tumor size, and HT condition played a pivotal role in promoting the CLNM of PTC patients. And the nomogram we developed can help surgeons make the individualized clinical decision in PTC patients during preoperative and interoperative management.
Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution over 511 km Optical Fiber Linking two Distant Metropolitans
Authors: Chen Jiu-Peng , Zhang Chi , Liu Yang , Jiang Cong , Zhang Weijun , Han Zhi-Yong , Ma Shi-Zhao , Hu Xiao-Long , Li Yu-Huai , Liu Hui , Zhou Fei , Jiang Hai-Feng , Chen Teng-Yun , Li Hao , You Lixing , Wang Zhen , Wang Xiang-Bin , Zhang Qiang , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The basic principle of quantum mechanics guarantee the unconditional security of quantum key distribution (QKD) at the cost of inability of amplification of quantum state. As a result, despite remarkable progress in worldwide metropolitan QKD networks over the past decades, long haul fiber QKD network without trustful relay has not been achieved yet. Here, through sending-or-not-sending (SNS) protocol, we complete a twin field QKD (TF-QKD) and distribute secure keys without any trusted repeater over a 511 km long haul fiber trunk linking two distant metropolitans. Our secure key rate is around 3 orders of magnitudes greater than what is expected if the previous QKD field test system over the same length were applied. The efficient quantum-state transmission and stable single-photon interference over such a long distance deployed fiber paves the way to large-scale fiber quantum networks.
Incorporating and Evaluating Citizen Engagement in Health Research: a Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Shahid Anmol , Rosgen Brianna K , Krewulak Karla K , Lorenzetti Diane L , Foster Nadine , Sept Bonnie G , Leigh Jeanna Parsons , Stelfox Henry T , Fiest Kirsten M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Citizen engagement in research is an emerging practice that involves members of the general public in research processes such as priority-setting, planning, decision-making, research conduct, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination. Engaging citizens in research, particularly health research, increases the relevance of study findings, minimizes waste by facilitating stewardship over resources, and builds public trust in the research. While several existing frameworks guide the application of citizen engagement principles to health research, it is unclear how citizen engagement can be utilized to maximize benefits and minimize risks and challenges in health research. To address the gaps in knowledge around citizen engagement in health research, we propose a scoping review to synthesize the state of knowledge on methods to incorporate and evaluate citizen engagement in research. A protocol is presented in this manuscript. Methods: The methodology for our scoping review is guided by Arksey and O’ Malley’s framework for scoping reviews, and additional recommendations by Levac and colleagues. We will include peer-reviewed and grey literature that report on citizen engagement in health research (including biomedical, clinical, health systems and services, and social, cultural, environmental and population health) and report method(s) to conduct, measure, or evaluate citizen engagement. We will systematically search electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, JSTOR, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Science Direct) and relevant organizations’ websites for additional studies, frameworks, and reports on citizen engagement. Title and abstract and full-text citations will be screened independently and in duplicate. Data will be extracted independently and in duplicate, including: document characteristics, citizen engagement definitions and goals, and outcomes of citizen engagement (e.g., impact, barriers, facilitators). Discussion: This review will synthesize the definitions, goals, methods, outcomes, and significance of citizen engagement in health research, as well as any potential barriers, facilitators, and challenges outlined in existing literature. The findings will provide an evidence-based foundation for developing new or improved guidance for citizen engagement in health research. Overall, we anticipate that our scoping review will be a preliminary step to meaningful engagement of citizens in research and strengthen the relationship between the scientific community and the public through transparency and collaboration.SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
Clinical Characteristics of Severe COVID-19 in China: A Case Series and Meta-analysis
Authors: Teng Geling , Hu Hua , Wang Xia , Wang Junsheng , Zhang Hongmei , Chen Ying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: There have been inconsistent reports regarding the unique manifestations of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurring in China. This study analyzed the clinical manifestation of 13 severe COVID-19 cases at a single institution and compared the data to previously reported characteristics of severe COVID-19 in China. Methods: This retrospective case study included patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to the isolation ward of the Shandong Chest Hospital from January 2020 to February 2020. The clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory examination results, imaging features, treatment strategies, and patient prognoses were summarized. A database search was then conducted for studies published through December 2020 documenting characteristics of severe COVID-19 cases in China. The pooled results for severe COVID-19 patients in China were calculated by using the random-effects model.Results: A total of 4 severe and 9 critical patients were included from Shandong Chest Hospital. The average patient age was 55.3 (range 23-88) years, and 61.5% of patients were male. Chest computed tomography for all patients showed multiple lesions as ground-glass shadows in both lungs. All patients presented bacterial infection and various degrees of liver and myocardial injury. The treatment strategies for patients included antibiotics, immunoglobulin, and glucocorticoids, and mechanical ventilation was used in all patients for respiratory failure. Two patients died, and 11 recovered. In the pooled data for severe COVID-19 patients, the most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease. The common signs in these patients were fever, cough, fatigue, chest tightness, and a leukocyte count > 10. Conclusions: Older males with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease may be at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. Patients should be assessed for concomitant bacterial infections. Cardiac and liver enzymes, fever, cough, fatigue, chest tightness, and leukocytosis should be monitored for signs of disease progression.
A Nomogram for Distinction and Potential Prediction of Lung Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: ou zhenfei , Zhang Xuejuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:The prognosis of thyroid cancer with lung metastasis is poor. Our aim is to develop a reliable tool to identify and predict lung metastasis (LM) in patients with thyroid cancer (TC), thereby assisting in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to establish an effective Nomogram method for predicting overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in TC patients with LM. Methods: A total of 544 patients with known distant metastatic status and epidemiological variables from the SEER database were enrolled and assigned randomly to training and validating groups in this study. Logistic regression was used to screen variables and a nomogram was established. After multivariate logistic regression age, histologic type, grade, tumor size, liver metastasis, Radiotherapy, Surgery were the important variables to construct the nomogram. Results: The nomogram used to identify and predict the OS and CSS in TCLM patients passed the calibration and validation steps. The calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) indicated the good performance of the nomogram.Conclusions: Our nomogram is a reliable and robust tool for the identification and prediction of LM in TC patients, thus helping to better select medical examinations and optimize treatment in collaboration with medical oncologists and surgeons.
Impacts of Acquisition and Reconstruction Parameters on the Absolute Technetium Quantification of the Cadmium-zinc-telluride Based SPECT/CT System: A Phantom Study
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Wang Miao , Zhou Yaqian , Wang Shen , Shen Yiming , Li Ning , Wang Peng , Tan Jian , Meng Zhaowei , Jia Qiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVarious acquisition and reconstruction parameters may affect the accuracy of the absolute SPECT quantification. However, many of the impacts of these parameters have not well been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of acquisition parameters (main energy window and acquisition time per frame) and reconstruction parameters (the number of iterations and subsets in iterative reconstruction, post-filter, and image correction methods) on the technetium quantification of the cadmium-zinc-telluride based SPECT/CT system. MethodsA phantom (PET NEMA/IEC image quality, USA) was filled with a 16:1 sphere-to-background activity concentration ratio of technetium and all spheres had 132400.81Bq/ml of radioactivity. Mean uptake values (calculated mean concentrations for spheres) were measured to evaluate the recovery coefficient (RC) changes under different acquisition and reconstruction parameters. Corresponding standard deviations of mean uptake values were also measured to evaluate the quantification error. Image quality was evaluated using the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2012 standard.ResultsFor six spheres of the phantom, significant correlations were found between iterations and RCs (r=0.60~0.98 for 1~35 iterations, r=0.96~0.99 for 35~90 iterations, all P-values <0.05) as well as between the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Gauss filter and RCs (r=-0.90～-1.00, all P-values <0.05). 1~35 iterations had higher regression coefficients compared with those of 35~90 iterations (0.67~1.16 vs. 0.02~0.17). The AC (attenuation correction)+SC (scatter correction) +RR (resolution recovery correction) combination had more close to 100% RCs (42.42%~98.04%) with better image quality (31.52%~83.57%) than those of other correction combinations (all P-values <0.05). No significant statistical difference was found between the 15% energy window and the 20% energy window (P-value=0.061), nor between the 5 seconds/frame and 120 seconds/frame of acquisition time (P-value=0.943) in terms of RCs. ConclusionsThe CZT-SPECT/CT showed a good quantification accuracy of technetium. The favorable acquisition parameters may be 15% energy window and 40 seconds/frame of acquisition time. The favorable reconstruction parameters could be 35 iterations, 20 subsets, the AC+SC+RR correction combination, and FWHM 0.7mm of Gauss filter.
KDM6A mutations promote acute cytoplasmic DNA release, DNA damage response and mitosis defects
Authors: Koch Julian , Lang Alexander , Whongsiri Patcharawalai , Schulz Wolfgang A. , Hoffmann Michele Janine , Greife Annemarie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

KDM6A, encoding a histone demethylase, is one of the top ten mutated epigenetic cancer genes. The effect of mutations on its structure and function are however poorly characterized.
Methods

Database search identified nonsense and missense mutations in the N-terminal TPR motifs and the C-terminal, catalytic JmjC domain, but also in the intrinsically disordered region connecting both well-structured domains. KDM6A variants with cancer-derived mutations were generated using site directed mutagenesis and fused to eGFP, which served as an all-in-one affinity and fluorescence tag to study demethylase activity by an ELISA based assay in vitro, complex assembly by Co-immunoprecipitation and localization by microscopy in cellulo.
Results

Independent of the mutation and demethylase activity, all KDM6A variants were detectable in the nucleus. KDM6A truncations displayed changes in complex assemblies: affecting (1) known interactions with the COMPASS complex component RBBP5 and (2) KDM6A-DNA associated assemblies with the nucleolar protein Nucleophosmin. Furthermore, we observed a severe cellular phenotype characterized by multiple acute effects on nuclear integrity, namely, release of nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm, increased level of DNA damage indicators RAD51 and p-γH2A.X, and hence mitosis defects.
Conclusion

These observations reveal novel effects of pathogenic variants pointing at new specific functions of KDM6A as well as at a dominant negative effect of KDM6A truncation variants. The underlying mechanisms and affected pathways have to be investigated in future research to understand how tumor cells cope with and benefit from KDM6A truncations.
Clinical Features of And Risk Factors for Normoalbuminuric Diabetic Kidney Disease In Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dai Qi , Chen Nan , Zeng Ling , Lin Xin-Jie , Jiang Feng-Xiu , Zhuang Xiong-Jie , Lu Ze-yuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease (NADKD) is a newly defined DKD, the clinical features and pathogenesis for which are still being understood. This study aimed to investigate the features and risk factors for NADKD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The related clinical and laboratory data of patients with T2DM hospitalized between August 2012 and January 2020 were collected for statistical analysis. We classified the patients with T2DM into four groups on the basis of the presence or absence of albuminuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Analysis of variance, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the chi-square test were used to compare the groups. Binary logistic regression analyses with a forward stepwise method were performed to explore the risk factors for renal dysfunction in hospitalized patients with normoalbuminuric T2DM.Results: Among the 1620 patients evaluated, 500 (30.9%) had DKD, of which 9% had NADKD. The prevalence of stroke, cardiovascular events, carotid plaque, and peripheral arterial disease in NADKD was significantly higher than in a non-DKD control group (normoalbuminuric T2DM patients with eGFR of ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Regression analyses revealed that three significant independent factors were associated with NADKD: age (OR = 1.089, confidence interval [CI] 95% [1.055−1.123], p < 0.001), previous use of renin−angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs; OR = 2.330, CI 95% [1.212−4.481], p = 0.011), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; OR = 0.839, CI 95% [0.716−0.983], p = 0.03). Conclusions: NADKD is mainly associated with macrovascular rather than microvascular complications. NADKD is more common in patients with normoalbuminuric T2DM with older age, previous use of RASIs, and good glycemic control.
Bridging the Gap Between Diabetes Care and Mental Health: Perspectives of the Mental health IN DiabeteS Optimal Health Program (MINDS OHP)
Authors: Ferrier Lucienne , Ski Chantal F , O’Brien Casey , Jenkins Zoe , Thompson David R. , Moore Gaye , Ward Glenn , Castle David J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective Mental health problems are highly prevalent in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which adversely impacts physical health and quality of life. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the experiences of adults with T1DM toward the Mental health IN DiabeteS Optimal Health Program (MINDS OHP), a novel intervention developed to bridge the gap between physical and mental health care.Method We conducted semi-structured interviews among adults with T1DM. Participants were recruited from outpatient and community settings and invited to be interviewed face-to-face or in a focus group. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic content analysis was used and identified themes were cross-validated by researchers and member-checked by participants.Results Ten people with TIDM were included. Two key themes emerged: ‘MINDS OHP experiences’ and ‘lived experiences of diabetes’. MINDS OHP experiences included five sub-themes: program benefits, follow-up and timing, suggested improvements, collaborative partners, and materials suitability. Lived experiences also included five sub-themes: bridging the gap between mental and physical health, support networks, stigma and shame, management intrusiveness, and adolescence and critical life points.Conclusions Recommendations for the MINDS OHP for people with T1DM are made for improved targeting in regard to early intervention, and expansion to include families. Consideration should also be given to the routine inclusion of such a program in diabetes management in primary care.