bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global effectiveness of fact-checking: Evidence from simultaneous experiments in Argentina, Nigeria, South Africa, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Porter Ethan , Wood Thomas J. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Little evidence exists on the global effectiveness, or lack thereof, of potential solutions to misinformation. We conducted simultaneous experiments in four countries to investigate the extent to which fact-checking can reduce false beliefs. Fact-checks reduced false beliefs in all countries, with most effects detectable more than 2 wk later and with surprisingly little variation by country. Our evidence underscores that fact-checking can serve as a pivotal tool in the fight against misinformation.
DNA damage–induced phosphorylation of CtIP at a conserved ATM/ATR site T855 promotes lymphomagenesis in mice
Authors: Wang Xiaobin S. , Menolfi Demis , Wu-Baer Foon , Fangazio Marco , Meyer Stefanie N. , Shao Zhengping , Wang Yunyue , Zhu Yimeng , Lee Brian J. , Estes Verna M. , Cupo Olivia M. , Gautier Jean , Pasqualucci Laura , Dalla-Favera Riccardo , Baer Richard , Zha Shan 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Upon DNA damage, ATM and ATR kinase phosphorylate CtIP at T855 and several other sites. This study identified a physiological role of DNA damage–induced CtIP phosphorylation at T855 using mouse models. Specifically, we showed that while not affecting normal development and physiological DNA repair in developing lymphocytes, the T885A mutation of CtIP reduced the extent of DNA end resection, compromised the maintenance of the DNA damage–induced G2/M checkpoints, and delayed Myc-induced lymphomagenesis.
Eye contact marks the rise and fall of shared attention in conversation
Authors: Wohltjen Sophie , Wheatley Thalia 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Conversation is the platform where minds meet to create and exchange ideas, hone norms, and forge bonds. But how do minds coordinate with each other to build a shared narrative from independent contributions? Here we show that when two people converse, their pupils periodically synchronize, marking moments of shared attention. As synchrony peaks, eye contact occurs and synchrony declines, only to recover as eye contact breaks. These findings suggest that eye contact may be a key mechanism for enabling the coordination of shared and independent modes of thought, allowing conversation to both cohere and evolve.
Activity-based photoacoustic probe for biopsy-free assessment of copper in murine models of Wilson’s disease and liver metastasis
Authors: Lucero Melissa Y. , Tang Yuqi , Zhang Chloe J. , Su Shengzhang , Forzano Joseph A. , Garcia Valeria , Huang Xin , Moreno David , Chan Jefferson 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The ability to noninvasively detect and track disease biomarkers via photoacoustic imaging (a light-in, sound-out technique) can potentially substitute invasive medical procedures such as a liver biopsy. While achieving this goal can have a profound impact on disease management, it is an immense challenge that requires novel chemical tools that are sensitive, selective, and safe. Here, we report a photoacoustic probe designed for Cu(I), which becomes dysregulated in many disease states. In addition to demonstrating in vivo efficacy in multiple models, we designed two blind studies to assess its utility for biopsy-free assessment of hepatic copper levels in Wilson’s disease. This work sets the stage for future studies to evaluate the performance of photoacoustic probe designs for biomedical applications.
Hydrodynamic nonlinear response of interacting integrable systems
Authors: Fava Michele , Biswas Sounak , Gopalakrishnan Sarang , Vasseur Romain , Parameswaran S. A. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Studying the response of a system to external fields yields information on its macroscopic order as well as its microscopic properties. While working to linear order in field strength often suffices to describe experiments, recent advances allow measurements to probe beyond the linear regime. Understanding nonlinear response functions could significantly advance the characterization of exotic phases of matter, but little is known theoretically about their properties in interacting many-body systems. We introduce a framework for computing nonlinear responses in a class of exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum systems. We show that nonlinear response exhibits clear signatures of interaction effects, in contrast to linear response in similar settings.
Perturbations in plant energy homeostasis prime lateral root initiation via SnRK1-bZIP63-ARF19 signaling
Authors: Muralidhara Prathibha , Weiste Christoph , Collani Silvio , Krischke Markus , Kreisz Philipp , Draken Jan , Feil Regina , Mair Andrea , Teige Markus , Müller Martin J. , Schmid Markus , Becker Dirk , Lunn John E. , Rolland Filip , Hanson Johannes , Dröge-Laser Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Plant architecture is highly plastic and known to respond sensitively to nutritional changes. Although of great agronomic importance, the underlying molecular mechanisms that sense and transduce these cues into plant development and growth are poorly understood. Applying diverse genetic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches, we disclosed that signaling via the central, evolutionarily conserved fuel-sensor kinase Snf1-RELATED KINASE1 (SnRK1) initiates lateral root (LR) primordia formation in response to transient metabolic perturbations. This is accomplished by SnRK1-mediated activation of a signaling cascade involving the pivotal LR regulator AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR19 (ARF19). We propose that this developmental priming strategy represents a cost-efficient approach to ensure rapid growth recovery after stress release, providing in competitive ecosystems a clear advantage in terms of Darwinian fitness.
Pharmacodynamic measures within tumors expose differential activity of PD(L)-1 antibody therapeutics
Authors: Kumar Dhiraj , Mishra Akhilesh , Lisok Ala , Kureshi Rakeeb , Shelake Sagar , Plyku Donika , Sen Rupashree , Doucet Michele , De Silva Ravindra A. , Mease Ronnie C. , Forde Patrick M. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Desai Prashant , Ganguly Sudipto , Gabrielson Edward , Vaidya Dhananjay , Spangler Jamie B. , Nimmagadda Sridhar 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Success with immune checkpoint therapy has led to a proliferation of antibody therapeutics with distinct biophysical and pharmacological properties. Antibodies experience poor penetration in solid tumors because of their size, and blood-based measurements fail to reflect their activity at the tumor. While of fundamental importance to establish dose–exposure–response relationships, pharmacologic activity of antibodies within tumors is technically challenging to study in real time because of the lack of quantitative tools. Here, we show that target pharmacodynamics can yield insights into pharmacologic activity of antibodies in tumors and elucidate therapeutic response. Our approach of using small-molecule probes for rapid quantification of target pharmacodynamics to interrogate the pharmacologic activity of antibodies has broad implications for drug development and guiding therapy.
Old Basque had */χ/, not /h/
Authors: Manterola Julen , Hualde José Ignacio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sound change from Latin /f/ to Old Spanish and Gascon /h/ has often been attributed to stratal influence from Basque. The motivation would be that Old Basque lacked /f/, and instead had a phoneme /h/, with which bilingual speakers replaced it when speaking in Romance. However, this hypothesis presents several difficulties. Most importantly, Navarrese Romance preserves Latin /f/, and in Basque itself, /f/ is adapted as /b/ in loanwords from Latin and Romance, not as /h/. Here we will argue that Old Basque had neither /f/ nor /h/. Instead, modern Basque /h/ derives from older */χ/. Medieval data will play an important role in establishing this. This hypothesis explains a number of morphophonological alternations, as well as some puzzling aspects in the treatment of aspiration in Romance borrowings, and it also makes it more difficult to hold to the stratal hypothesis for the Romance change /f/ > /h/.
Rice-crab culture in China.
Authors: Yi Yang , Wu Zong-wen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

High-value species are being introduced into rice fields in China to increase profitability. Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), a catadromous species, is becoming popular due to its omnivorous feeding habit, ready availability of seed, ease of growth and high-market demand and value. Hatchery-produced crab seed can be nursed and grown out in rice fields. The rice-crab culture system can produce 6,000 kg of rice and 300-700 kg of crabs per hectare.
Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Pteris vittata is a herbaceous fern native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World. It is mostly found in disturbed and urban areas, usually growing on limestone substrates, including buildings walls, pavement cracks and tombs. Although no details are available on its introduction to areas outside its native range, the dispersal of the species occurs naturally through air-borne spores or by its occasional use as an ornamental. It is reported as an urban weed in the European Mediterranean region and in Lucknow in India. In Azerbaijan it is categorized as a species that has the ability to self-sustain for a certain period of time, but not invading natural ecosystems. P. vittata is categorized in Florida, USA as an exotic species that has increased in abundance or frequency but has yet to alter natural plant communities. P. vittata is reported as invasive on Diego García Island, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Micronesia, Guam, Palau, USA (Florida and Hawaii), Cuba and Brazil. Although there are no data available on its effects on natural habitats or native species, it is still regarded as an invasive species due to the vast number of spores produced.
Proper Plasma Analysis Practice (PPAP), an Integrated Procedure of Extinction Correction and Plasma Diagnostics: A Demo with an HST/WFC3 Image Set of NGC 6720
Authors: Ueta Toshiya , Otsuka Masaaki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we propose a proper plasma analysis practice (PPAP), an updated procedure of plasma diagnostics in the era of spatially resolved spectroscopy. In particular, we emphasize the importance of performing both of the extinction correction and the direct method of plasma diagnostics simultaneously as an integrated process. This approach is motivated by the reciprocal dependence between critical parameters in these analyses, which can be resolved by iteratively seeking a converged solution. The use of PPAP allows us to eliminate unnecessary assumptions that prevent us from obtaining an exact solution at each element of the spectral imaging data. Using a suite of Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 narrowband images of the planetary nebula, NGC 6720, we validate PPAP by (1) simultaneously and self-consistently deriving the extinction, c(Hβ), and electron density/temperature distribution, (n
e([S ii]), T
e([N ii])), maps that are consistent with each other, and (2) obtaining identical metal abundance distribution maps, (n(N+)/n(H+), n(S+)/n(H+)), from multiple emission line maps at different wavelengths/transition energies. We also determine that the derived c(Hβ) consists both of the interstellar medium and circumsource components and that the ionized gas-to-dust mass ratio in the main ring is at least 437 and as high as about 1600. We find that, unless we deliberately seek self-consistency, uncertainties at tens of % can easily arise in outcomes, making it impossible to discern actual spatial variations that occurs at the same level, defeating the purpose of conducting spatially resolved spectroscopic observations.
Fitting Very Flexible Models: Linear Regression With Large Numbers of Parameters
Authors: Hogg David W. , Villar Soledad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There are many uses for linear fitting; we consider here the interpolation and denoising of data, as when the goal is to fit a smooth, flexible function to a set of noisy data points. Investigators often choose a polynomial basis, or a Fourier basis, or wavelets, or something equally general. They also choose an order, or number of basis functions to fit, and (often) some kind of regularization. We discuss how this basis-function fitting is done, with ordinary least squares and extensions thereof. We emphasize that it can be valuable to choose far more parameters than data points, despite folk rules to the contrary: Suitably regularized models with enormous numbers of parameters generalize well and make good predictions for held-out data; over-fitting is not (mainly) a problem of having too many parameters. It is even possible to take the limit of infinite parameters, at which, if the basis and regularization are chosen correctly, the least-squares fit becomes the mean of a Gaussian process, or a kernel regression. We recommend cross-validation as a good empirical method for model selection (for example, setting the number of parameters and the form of the regularization), and jackknife resampling as a good empirical method for estimating the uncertainties of the predictions made by the model. We also give advice for building stable computational implementations.
Towards GaAs thin-film tracking detectors
Authors: Rangel-Kuoppa V.-T. , Ye S. , Noori Y.J. , Holmkvist W. , Young R.J. , Muenstermann D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Silicon-based tracking detectors have been used in several
important applications, such as in cancer therapy using particle
beams, and for the discovery of new elementary particles at the
Large Hadron Collider at CERN. III-V semiconductor materials are an
attractive alternative to silicon for this application, as they have
some superior physical properties. They could meet the demands for
fast timing detectors allowing time-of-flight measurements with ps
resolution while being radiation tolerant and cost-efficient. As a
material with a larger density, higher atomic number Z and much
higher electron mobility than silicon, GaAs exhibits faster signal
collection and a larger signal per μm of sensor thickness. In
this work, we report on the fabrication of n-in-n GaAs thin-film
devices intended to serve next-generation high-energy particle
tracking detectors. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was used to grow
high-quality GaAs films with doping levels sufficiently low to
achieve full depletion for detectors with an active thickness of
10 μm. The signal collection speed of the detector structures
was assessed using the transient current technique (TCT). To
elucidate the structural properties of the detector, Kelvin probe
force microscopy (KPFM) was used, which confirmed the formation of
the junction in the detector and revealed residual doping in the
intrinsic layer. Our results suggest that GaAs thin films are
suitable candidates to achieve thin and radiation-tolerant tracking
detectors.
Gamma-ray imaging performance of the GRI+ Compton camera
Authors: Caffrey A. , Harkness-Brennan L.J. , Alshammari H. , Boston A.J. , Boston H.C. , Griffiths O. , Judson D.S. , Kalantan S. , Le Crom B. , Nolan P.J. , Powell A. , Platt J. , Randall G. , Reid C. , Rintoul E. , Unsworth C. , Woodroof T.F. , Burrows I. , Lazarus I.H. , Simpson J. , Atkinson K.D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
GRI+ (Gamma-Ray Imager) is a cart-based Compton camera developed at the University of Liverpool. The system comprises three electrically-cooled semiconductor detectors; two planar double-sided strip detectors (Si(Li) and HPGe) and an HPGe coaxial detector. The mobile cart houses the necessary components for data acquisition and analysis, providing complete functionality for imaging gamma-ray sources in an industrial setting. This paper reports on the operation of the system and the methods used to improve intrinsic system performance. The processing chain for extracting information pertaining to gamma-ray interactions has been developed and the imaging performance is characterised using an analytical reconstruction code. The obtainable Angular Resolution Measure (ARM) from a Cs-137 point source placed 10.5 cm from the front of the Si(Li) cryostat was determined to be 4.12∘ after the application of data processing techniques. The system energy resolution, which is key to isotope identification and image quality, was calculated to be less than 0.5% at 1332.5 keV.
Influence Depth of the Tensile Capacity of Ground Anchors Folding Type in Cohesive Soils
Authors: Maming M I , Jamaluddin A R , Harianto T , Muhiddin A B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A ground anchor is used to withstand tensile stresses caused by loading both the natural load of the soil and external pressures, then passing the force into the ground. It is generally used to retain tensile form and lateral power structures in constructing walls, foundations, transmission towers, pile, floating docks, mooring dolphin, and offshore buildings. Various ground anchors have been widely used, such as drag, helical, circular-shaped plates, and squares. Especially for massive plate anchors, installation is complicated because it must be excavated first before installation. A challenge in engineering is especially on cohesive soil conditions (soft soil). With these considerations, it is necessary to develop innovative models that are easier to install but still have a large enough tensile capacity. This research analyzes the tensile capacity by using ground anchor folding type to overcome building problems on cohesive soil. The test was tensile capacity with four leaves and a Variation of depth-the performance of this folding type anchor based on the tensile capacity and the anchor. The results obtained in this study; the greater area of the element occurred a significant increase in tensile capacity.
Design Concept for Child Pedestrian-Friendly Prototype
Authors: Makalew F P , Supit S W M , Senduk N 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPedestrians as active transportation require adequate facility including child pedestrian pathways. Children as the pedestrian is a vulnerable user to an accident due to their active movement to play during their trip along the pedestrian pathway. Child pedestrian movement could lead to a crash with other users such as other pedestrians, cycles, motorcycles, and cars. Design concept and planning for child pedestrian pathway prototype is considering active child movement and object used in playing. Proper design and construction are crucial for child pedestrians in the potential area with a massive number of pedestrian and street users. This research aims to establish a concept for child pedestrian-friendly prototype. Methods use is a mixed-method including literature study and field study. The result shows that the area for child pedestrian prototype is divided into two main areas namely pedestrian area and playing area. The pedestrian area requires proper space for the child pedestrian flow movement. Playing an area requires space for a child to play for a limited time during walking time. Further research is a must to include child pedestrian main areas in the pedestrian standard.
Distribution of fluid flow pressure through tandem square cylinders with the addition of triangular cylinder as a disturbance object
Authors: Habiba Syahrir , Salam Nasaruddin , Tarakka Rustan , Jalaluddin  , Ihsan Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Flow across a square cylinder in a tandem arrangement is a shape characterization that is often used in structural engineering, transportation, and heat exchangers, where wind and water loads are one of the main factors that need to be considered in the design because they are associated with loss of energy. This is a problem faced by various industries in increasing the efficiency and stability of their systems. To reduce this energy loss, flow modification can be carried out in the form of adding disturbance objects that are placed in the front area of the main object, so that the fluid flow can pass through the object without any flow separation and produce a uniform flow after passing through the object. The research objective is focused on analyzing the effect of adding a triangular cylinder as a disturbance object to the characteristics of the flow pattern and the pressure distribution on the walls of the square cylinder in a tandem arrangement. This research used numerical computation methods and was validated through experimental testing at an upstream velocity of 19 m/s. The hydraulic diameter of the disturbance object was determined to be 0.033 m and the distance ratios M/D were 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55, respectively. The results showed that the application of a triangular cylinder as a disturbance object had an effect on the characteristics of the flow pattern and the pressure coefficient, where the lowest pressure coefficient on the front side and the highest pressure coefficient on the side and rear sides were obtained in a model with a distance ratio M/D = 0.45.
Parameter affecting of slurry flow in perforated pipe on fluidization method to maintenance of channel
Authors: Azis R , Thaha M A , Bakri B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Slurry flow in pipes is one of the techniques in developing the method of fluidization, especially in the work of sand by passing for the maintenance of estuary channel, port channel, and others. The slurry flow in the pipe determines the fluidization performance, therefore many researchers have studied the slurry flow system in various approaches. This analysis focuses on the factors that influence the flow of slurry in the perforated pipe based on literature studies. The results of the study indicate that several factors are grouped into main parameters such as pipeline parameters, liquid parameters, solid particle parameters and system parameters. All parameters are concluded through the approach of dimensionless numbers such as Reynold Numbers, Froude numbers, concentration, ratio of settling particle to pipe diameter, ratio of hydraulic gradient to mean flow velocity. These parameters have an effect on head loss, friction, drag reduction which controls the flow of slurry in the pipe media. In addition, the constant pressure distribution is a factor that affects the discharge in the slurry flow in the perforated pipe.
Effect of Pipe Diameter Variation on Transmission of Porous Breakwater
Authors: Syamsuri A M , Suriamihardja D , Thaha M A , Rachman T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The porous breakwater is a breakwater designed in a transitional sea with an upright position in the direction of the waves that protect the coastal area from erosion and abrasion as it is caused by wave energy. This study aims to determine the effect of pipe diameter and depth variation on wave transmission in porous breakwaters and to analyzing the parameters that affect the transmission coefficient on wave dampers. It was conducted at the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa. It uses an experimental-based method with a model. The resulting waveform consists of three variation periods (T; 1,0 s, T; 1,1 s, T; 1,2 s) and two water depth variations (d; 36 cm, d; 28 cm). The results of the study indicated that the parameters that influence the transmission coefficient (Kt) are wave height (Hi), wavelength (L), wave period (T), water depth (d), and pipe diameter (Ø).