bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peronosclerospora philippinensis (Philippine downy mildew of maize).
Authors: Dela Cueva Fe M. , De Castro Alyssa M. , De Torres Rachele L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Peronosclerospora philippinensis, a causal pathogen of maize downy mildews, is one of the major maize diseases reported in some maize-growing countries, especially in the Philippines. High disease incidence has been reported in many parts in the country specifically in northern Luzon and in many parts of Mindanao despite breakthroughs in controlling or mitigating the disease using cultural and chemical control (Pascual et al., 2005). P. philippinensis is considered the most virulent of the downy mildew pathogens affecting maize, causing substantial losses to crop production (Murray, 2009). Under normal conditions, a 40-60% yield reduction is observed; however, favourable conditions for disease development can amplify these losses to 80-100% (Exconde and Raymundo, 1974). As the pathogen is able to survive in seeds, is able to spread rapidly and occasionally forms resting spores that can survive for more than 1 year, the pathogen has the potential to become a threat to local maize production in warm temperate and tropical areas.
Puccinia triticina (wheat brown rust).
Authors: Goyeau Henriette 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Leaf rust seldom kills wheat, but it is capable of causing 35-50% yield loss in endemic areas on susceptible cultivars, where severity levels of 25-40% are reached at the tillering stage and 100% at the flowering stage. The disease causes more damage worldwide than other wheat rusts. Quarantine is of no relevance as leaf rust is of worldwide occurrence and virulences spread freely between nations and zones. Crop losses are dependent on the genetic resistance of each cultivar, pathogen virulence and environmental conditions. Losses caused by leaf rust particularly originate from reductions of the wheat photosynthetic area. Infected plants normally produce a lower number of tillers, lower amounts of grains per head and smaller grains. The earlier the epidemic in the cropping season, the higher the yield losses. Mathematical models for estimating disease severity and crop losses have been developed based on multiple-point disease recording at different physiological stages of the plant (Burleigh et al., 1972; Eversmeyer and Kramer, 1998, 2000).
Rattus exulans (Pacific rat).
Authors: Shiels Aaron 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The Pacific rat, R. exulans, is an major agricultural and environmental pest in parts of Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Thought to have spread with Polynesian colonists over the past several thousand years, it is now found through much of the Pacific basin, and is extensively distributed in the tropical Pacific. It poses a significant threat to indigenous wildlife, particularly ground-nesting birds, and has been linked to the extinction of several bird species. R. exulans may also transmit diseases to humans.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed).
Authors: Iamonico Duilio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. artemisiifolia is an annual herb native to Central and Northern America. It has been accidentally introduced into a large number of countries as a contaminant of seed and grains. A. artemisiifolia typically colonises disturbed land where it produces a large number of seeds which can remain viable in the soil for 40 years or more. The pollen produced by species of Ambrosia is highly allergenic and can induce allergic rhinitis, fever, or dermatitis. As a result, high medical costs have been reported in areas with large infestations in both its native and introduced range. A. artemisiifolia can also invade agricultural land where it acts as a weed in a number of crops (in particular in sunflower, maize, soybean and cereals) and can cause significant decreases in yields.
Candidatus phytoplasma Rubi (witches'-broom phytoplasma disease).
Authors: Marcone Carmine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

RUS is of considerable economic importance, especially in areas where outbreaks occur. It has been described as a serious and widespread problem of raspberry in the former Soviet Union (see van der Meer (1987) for references). After the First World War, the disease became disastrous in raspberry areas in southern parts of The Netherlands, and many young plantations, started with healthy plant material, contained 60-90% infected plants in the second year after planting (see van der Meer (1987) for references). Small outbreaks and/or incidental occurrences of RUS disease have been reported from several other European countries (van der Meer, 1987).
Pectobacterium parmentieri (black leg disease of potato).
Authors: Lojkowska Ewa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Pectobacterium parmentieri is a bacterial pathogen of potato present in Europe since the 1960s. The bacterium was earlier classified as Pectobacterium carotovorum. After reclassification of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum SCC3193 to P. wasabiae and later on to P. parmentieri, several studies devoted to identification of pectinolytic bacteria in international collections and identification of the strains isolated from infected potato plants have indicated that this bacteria commonly occurs in several regions of Europe, Canada, USA, New Zealand and South Africa. P. parmentieri can cause symptoms of blackleg and soft rot on potato tubers. These diseases are usually a consequence of latent infection of seed potatoes. In the majority of countries pre-basic and basic seed tuber potatoes intended for the production of seed tuber crops should be free of Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp. P. parmentieri is not present on any international or national alert lists.
Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant).
Authors: Gunawardana Disna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

S. invicta is an ant native to South America. It is an aggressive generalist forager that occurs in high densities and can thus dominate most potential food sources. It breeds and spreads rapidly and, if disturbed, can relocate quickly, ensuring the survival of the colony. S. invicta is highly invasive because of its high reproductive capacity, large colony size, ability to exploit human disturbances, wide food range and ability to sting. Its stinging ability allows it to subdue prey and even repel larger vertebrate competitors from resources (ISSG, 2014). S. invicta has become widespread in the southern USA and Caribbean after its introduction in the 1930s (Morrison et al., 2004). It has also been introduced to parts of Australia and New Zealand. S. invicta is one of the most notorious invasive ants and has been nominated for the 100 World's Worst Invaders list compiled by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG, 2014).
Uromycladium spp. that cause gall rusts (Acacia gall rusts).
Authors: Wood Alan R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Gall forming rust fungi of the genus Uromycladium are native to Australasia. They are invasive in New Zealand, the Philippines, East Timor, Malaysia and Indonesia. Uromycladium murphyi (as Uromycladium notabile in the literature) causes damage to Acacia decurrens grown for tannin and as an ornamental in New Zealand. Other hosts of U. murphyi are A. baileyana, A. dealbata and A. mearnsii. Uromycladium paradoxae infects Acacia paradoxa in New Zealand. Uromycladium species have been found in New Zealand on A. ulicifolia and A. verticillata, but the taxa on these two hosts is uncertain and await phylogenetic studies. Uromycladium falcatariae causes serious disease in Falcataria moluccana in Southeast Asia. This tree is grown as a shade tree in coffee plantations, for timber and pulp, and for other uses. Uromycladium morrisii and U. woodii were deliberately introduced into South Africa for the biological control of Acacia saligna and Paraserianthes lophantha, respectively.
Didymella fabae (leaf and pod spot).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Ascochyta blight is the most severe disease of cool-season pulses (Davidson and Kimber, 2007). D. fabae (anamorph: Ascochyta fabae) attacks
Vicia faba
and can survive and reproduce in and spread from crop debris or be transported in infected seed. Introduction on infected seed occurred in Australia and Canada in the 1970s, and was probably the means for the pathogen's original spread to countries outside southwestern Asia. Ascospores are disseminated by wind from the debris as primary inoculum and secondary cycles are initiated by conidia spread by rain splash from plant lesions. The fungus is host-specific in causing disease, but may be able to survive in non-host plants and reproduce on their debris. It is not treated as a phytosanitary risk or listed as an invasive pathogen by major organizations. Seed certification is the primary means of preventing its spread to new areas and the importation of new genotypes of the fungus to areas already infested.
Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas).
Authors: Marcone Carmine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aster yellows (AY) group phytoplasmas affect plants by causing a general reduction in quantity and quality of yield. The most severely affected hosts are carrot, lettuce, onion, spinach and several ornamental crops, including aster, gladiolus, hydrangea, chrysanthemum and purple coneflower. Disease incidence may vary from year to year depending on the population trend of the vectors in the field. Infection rates varying from 20 to 30% were observed in lettuce and ranunculus fields in southern Italy (Marcone et al., 1995; Parrella et al., 2008). In Oklahoma, USA, according to Errampalli et al. (1991), AY group phytoplasma infections occurred in 80% of lettuce plants and 28% of carrots. In Ohio, disease incidence of 100% has been recorded in lettuce fields (Zhang et al., 2004). A major outbreak of AY disease occurred in 2000 in Texas that affected several vegetable crops. Among them, carrot was most severely damaged with infection rates that ranged from to 50 to near 100% (Lee et al., 2003). A severe AY disease of chrysanthemum which induced losses of 70 to 80% of the crop has been reported from China (Min et al., 2008) whereas losses of 90% were recorded in AY-affected aubergines in Bangladesh (Kelly et al., 2009). Infection rates of 60 and 99% were recorded in Hungary for AY-affected sugarbeet plants and India for AY-affected Jatropha curcas plants, respectively (Mumford et al., 2000; Kumar et al., 2010b). However, there are also several reports on sporadic occurrence and generally low incidence of AY group phytoplasmas in vegetable and ornamental crops (Smith et al., 1988; Vibio et al., 1995; Bertaccini et al., 1998). Cassava witches' broom, a disease affecting cassava in South East Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, China and the Philippines) is caused by 16SrI phytoplasma. The disease has resulted in significant reductions in cassava root starch content and up to 80% yield loss in parts of Vietnam (Anon., 2014).
Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

C. fistula is widely planted in the tropics as an ornamental and avenue tree. The timber is hard, strong and durable, and although not available on a commercial scale, is used for a wide variety of purposes on a local scale. The roots, bark, seeds, leaves and pulp from ripe pods are used medicinally. In India, the bark is also widely used in tannin industry. The flowers are golden-yellow, and are used in religious ceremonies in India and Bangladesh. The flowers and buds may be eaten (Krishnamurthy, 1993).
Arundo donax (giant reed).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. donax has played an important role in the culture of the western world through its influence on the development of music, which can be traced back 5000 years. A. donax cane was the source of the original Pan pipe or syrix and to this day the A. donax culms remain an unrivalled source of reeds for woodwind instruments. A. donax has been purposefully introduced by man and cultivated into many of the subtropical and warm temperate areas of the world for a number of uses. It is planted as an ornamental and cultivated for a variety of uses including erosion control along ditches and drainage canals. It is available via the nursery trade and spreads as a garden escapee and through the disposal of garden waste.
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

E. camaldulensis is a medium to large tree. It has the widest geographical range of any eucalypt and is extensively planted outside Australia. Its tolerance of extreme drought and high temperature, combined with rapid growth when water is available, deep penetration of roots, tolerance of periodic waterlogging and soil salinity, some tolerance of frost, good coppicing ability, and usefulness of the wood, are the keys to its success. E. camaldulensis wood is used mainly for poles, posts, firewood, charcoal, and paper pulp. Logs may be sawn for construction timber, furniture, and packing cases, although the quality is sometimes poor. It is widely planted for shade, shelter, and amenity purposes, and as a source of nectar in honey production. Some tropical provenances produce medicinal-grade Eucalyptus oil.
Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. pavonina is a valuable multipurpose species (Adkins, 1994; Clark and Thaman, 1993). It is a source of food, fodder, green manure, fuel, timber, dye, decoration, medicine and other products. In the South Pacific Islands it is intercropped with spices, coffee, coconuts, or planted along borders as a windbreak in plantations or on agroforestry farms (Adkins, 1994; Clark and Thaman, 1993). Throughout the tropics and sub-tropics it is extensively cultivated as an ornamental tree along roadsides and in communal areas.
Mangifera indica (mango).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

M. indica is not important as a forest tree as it is seldom found in abundance in forests, but wherever the tree is available it is exploited. It is a multipurpose tree species providing shelterbelts, firewood, timber, fruits, cattle fodder, green manure and medicine. It is primarily used for its edible fruits and extensive plantations have been established throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, under numerous cultivars providing good income for mango growers. Various parts of the mango tree are used in traditional medicines. It also has great significance in Hindu religious ceremonies (Kostermans and Bompard, 1993).
Morus nigra (black mulberry).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

M. nigra is a small to medium-size tree up to 10 m tall. It originates from Iran and is slow growing, deciduous and dioecious. For centuries, it has been cultivated in many countries in the world for leaf and fruit production. The leaves are used for silk worm rearing and as fodder for livestock. The fruits are edible. It has high tolerance to drought, frost, cold and air pollutants. The only unsuitable region is the lowland tropics. It is widely planted as an ornamental tree and many types, varieties, and cultivars exist. It is an ideal wood for sports goods, tool handles, light construction and as a fuel. It can be propagated by seed, nursery seedlings, stem and branch cuttings and tissue culture.
Paulownia tomentosa (paulownia).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

P. tomentosa is one of the most important tree species in China. It is a fast-growing tree with high-quality wood, and produces approximately 0.4 cubic metres of timber after 10 years' growth. Currently there are about 1.1 billion Paulownia trees planted throughout China and about 3.0 million cubic metres of Paulownia timber worth US$55 million is exported overseas each year; P. tomentosa represents a substantial proportion of this. The wood is used in furniture, decorative products and musical instruments. P. tomentosa is also suitable for use in agroforestry systems in semi-humid temperate areas. A disadvantage is that this species grows well only on fertile land. More research is needed in order to improve its wood properties and stress tolerance, and increase its use in plantations.
Thespesia populnea (portia tree).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A small to medium-sized evergreen tree, with a rather dense crown and spreading branches (Troup et al., 1975) which reaches about 18 m in height. It has showy, bell-shaped yellow flowers, long-petioled, heart-shaped leaves, and a tough, fibrous bark. It is indigenous to tropical Asia, but has been widely planted throughout tropical regions, including Africa, and coastal woodlands in the Caribbean and elsewhere in the Neotropics. The seed floats in sea water, and can remain viable in sea water for more than a year, making natural distribution by sea currents possible (Nakanishi, 1989). It prefers well-drained sandy, gravelly and rocky soils derived from coral limestone and volcanic parent materials, and it is salt-tolerant (Desale et al., 1989). It is often found close to, but not growing in, mangrove forests which are occasionally inundated, or on saline sands behind mangrove forests (Siddiqi et al., 1995; Sosef et al., 1998; Morton, 1976). In India growth is reported to be rapid, and it flowers and fruits throughout the year (Sosef et al., 1998). In the Caribbean, flowering occurs primarily from April to January (Parrotta, 1994). T. populnea can be easily raised from seed and from cuttings, usually branch or shoot cuttings up to 2 m in length and 10 cm in diameter, although smaller cuttings are generally preferred (Parrotta, 1994). In India it is often planted to consolidate bunds and ridges in aqua-silvicultural systems for prawn production, or along the coast as protection against erosion (Latiff and Faridah Hanum, 1997; Harikrishnan, 1993). It produces a fine-grained, durable wood (density 400 to 770 kg/cubic metre at 15% moisture content), with a red-brown to dark brown heartwood and a sharply differentiated white sapwood. The wood is valued for furniture, flooring, musical instruments, mouldings, utensils and vehicle bodies. The wood is durable under water, and is therefore used for boat-building. The bark is also utilized for caulking and rope. The wood and a yellow gum from the fruits and flowers yield a dye, and core-wood has medicinal uses. It is a sacred tree in many parts of the Pacific, often planted near temples, and is also grown as an ornamental and roadside tree. Planting T. populnea is outlawed, or strongly discouraged, in some cotton-growing areas, as it is an alternative host of several damaging cotton pests, including the cotton weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis), the red cotton bug (Dysdercus cingulatus), the Indian dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus laetus), and Pyroderces simplex (Parrotta, 1994).
Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Bambusa vulgaris is the most commonly encountered bamboo in cultivation in SE Asia but is rarely found in natural forest (although possibly natural, or escaped, naturalized populations exist). It is grown pantropically, and is the only Asian species that is common in the New World. Ease of propagation is the main reason for its success, culms and branches rooting very readily indeed. Infrequency of flowering, failure to produce seed and divert resources away from culm production, and recovery of clumps after flowering are other assets, and may be a result of repeated selection and cloning (Stapleton, 1990). Although not very straight, not easy to split, and inflexible, the culms are thick-walled and initially strong although relatively susceptible to powder-post beetle attack. They find many uses, although structural use is not recommended without preservation to protect against beetles. The ease of propagation, long life expectancy, and high yield make this species better suited to production of pulp and biomass for energy. Susceptibility to bamboo blight is of concern, especially on sites with impeded drainage. Repeated vegetative propagation has resulted in reduced genetic variability. Ornamental clones with all yellow, or yellow striped culms, or shortened, swollen culm internodes ('Wamin') are widely cultivated.
Electron heating mode transitions in radio-frequency driven micro atmospheric pressure plasma jets in He/O2: a fluid dynamics approach
Authors: Liu Yue , Korolov Ihor , Hemke Torben , Bischoff Lena , Hübner Gerrit , Schulze Julian , Mussenbrock Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A two-dimensional fluid model is used to investigate the electron heating dynamics and the production of neutral species in a capacitively coupled radio-frequency micro atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet—specifically the COST jet—with a small oxygen admixture. Electron heating mode transitions are found to be induced by varying the driving voltage amplitude and the O2 concentration numerically and experimentally. The helium metastable density, and the charged species densities are highly relevant to the electron heating dynamics. By analyzing the creation and destruction mechanisms of the negative ions, we find that the generation of negative ions strongly depends on the O2 concentration. The increase of the electronegativity with the increasing O2 concentration leads to an enhancement of the bulk drift electric field. The distributions of the different neutral species densities along the direction of the gas flow inside the jet, as well as in the effluent differ a lot due to the relevant chemical reaction rates and the effect of the gas flow. The simulated results show that a fluid model can be an effective tool for qualitative investigations of micro atmospheric pressure plasma jets.
Dynamic remagnetisation of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles: thermal fluctuational thawing of anisotropy
Authors: Balaev D A , Poperechny I S , Krasikov A A , Semenov S V , Popkov S I , Knyazev Y V , Kirillov V L , Yakushkin S S , Martyanov O N , Raikher Yu L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report a study of the magnetodynamics of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles with an average diameter of ∼6 nm. Hysteresis loops were measured under quasi-static conditions and in pulse fields with amplitudes H0 of up to 130 kOe and for durations τ

P
of 8 and 16 ms. The growth of coercivity H

c
observed with an increase in the magnetic field variation rate dH/dt (determined by the values of H
0 and τ

P
) and the reduction of H

c
with temperature is ascribed to the superparamagnetic effect. The proposed theoretical model explains the observed dependences fairly well. Notably, the effective magnetic anisotropy constant obtained exceeds the value for bulk crystals and might be indicative of the contribution of surface magnetic anisotropy.