bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of antimicrobial/antioxidant nanocomposite film based on fish skin gelatin and chickpea protein isolated containing Microencapsulated Nigella sativa essential oil and copper sulfide nanoparticles for extending minced meat shelf life
Authors: Sani Iraj Karimi , Rasul Nabil Hussain , Asdagh Amirafshar , Pirsa Sajad , Ghazanfarirad Naser 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fish skin gelatin and chickpea protein isolated (G-CP) edible blend films incorporated with 0.25 and 0.5% copper sulfide nanoparticle (CuSNP) and Nigella sativa essential oil (MEO) (0.015 and 0.03%, w/w of protein) were prepared and optimized by the response surface methodology based on the central composite design (RSM-CCD). Antimicrobial activity, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphological characteristics and thermal attributes of composite films were examined. In general, the effect of CuSNPs and MEO on the properties of blended films, besides their inherent nature, is related to their interactions with the protein matrix and the synergistic effect on each other. As authenticated by the FTIR and XRD, the simultaneous use of CuSNPs and MEO because of the synergistic effect of CuSNPs on the antibacterial attributes of MEO and raising the content of antimicrobial components in the blend film expressed the highest antimicrobial functionality against E. coli. and S. aureus. Also, the results of microbiological and chemical tests of packaged minced meat revealed that the simultaneous use of MEO and CuSNP in the film has a positive synergistic effect in increasing the storage life of minced meat, as compared to the other samples.
Sharing cities with avian scavengers: sustainable development in social-ecological systems
Authors: Gupta Urvi , Kumar Nishant 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Correlations in the timings of vulture collapse and rapid urbanisation in South Asia have affected the benefit trade-offs concerning conservation-breeding for vulture restoration. We show how the loss of vultures 30 years ago has led to the extinction of experience amongst people in South Asia who are co-adapted to various animal species within shared landscapes. We conducted ethnography, involving avian scavengers (vultures, kites and crows) in Delhi, to unpack how salience and charisma for avian scavenger’s link with socio-cultural legends. Perceptions about avian scavengers were based on birds’ appearance, behaviour, and ecosystem services. Anthropomorphisation mediated human-animal co-adaptation and drove ritual feeding of commensals that opportunistically consume garbage. Conflated with ethnoecology, such human-constructed niches supported enormous animal populations in the region and drove mutual tolerance. Prior evaluations of scavengers’ niche from biophysical perspectives alone have, therefore, overlooked links between vultures and animal husbandry practices. It undermined competitive release on commensals that have responded by an increase in numbers and distribution, by taking advantage of ritual feeding and people’s affiliative attitudes. The absence of vultures limits the availability of spaces where animal husbandry can be practised. Conversely, expanding built-up spaces, overhead wires, fake news, and interference from competing scavengers will be impediments to vulture restoration. Conservation policies should examine immediate and long-term objectives of solid waste disposal, considering the odds against the attainment of former functional ecology by vultures. We conclude that wildlife restoration in urbanising tropical landscapes is a moving target, necessitating policies sensitive to progressive loss and/or changes in associative heritage due to shifting economic and cultural practices.
Lipoma HMGIC fusion partner expression differs in primary tumors and lymph node metastases in malignancy.
Authors: S Vijay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer found in women. 1. Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality among cancer patients. 2. As the number of axillary lymph nodes with metastases grows the prognosis for patients with breast cancer worsens3. We used a published microarray dataset4 to find genes linked to lymph node metastasis, which is an early stage of breast cancer metastasis. When comparing original breast tumors to lymph node metastases from patients diagnosed with breast cancer, we discovered substantial differences in LHFP gene expression. When comparing primary breast tumors to neighboring normal breast tissue, LHFP was shown to be one of the most differentially expressed genes in a separate microarray dataset5. In individuals with breast cancer, LHFP expression was shown to be substantially linked with median overall survival. LHFP may be involved in the mechanisms that lead to the transformation or progression of the original tumor in human breast cancer, as well as lymph node metastasis. Breast cancer, breast cancer metastasis, lymph node metastasis, LHFP, breast cancer systems biology, and breast cancer targeted treatments.
Efficacy of Leg Swing Versus Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise Among Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Sun Pingping , Zhan Yu , Xie Xuetao , Yan Weibing , Luo Congfeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of global disability. According to guidelines, thus far, exercise is the most recommended and important non-surgical treatment for knee OA. However, the best type of exercise for this condition remains unclear. There is evidence showing that traditional Chinese exercises may be more effective. Therefore, the current prospective, two-armed, single-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to identify an effective physiotherapy for knee OA.
Methods/design:
In total, 128 patients with painful knee OA will be recruited from the orthopaedic outpatient department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital. To compare the therapeutic effect of two different home-based exercise programs, the participants will be randomly assigned into the experimental group (leg swing exercise) or the control group (quadriceps strengthening exercise). Each participant in both groups will be required to attend five individual sessions with a physiotherapist who will teach the exercise program and monitor progress. Participants will be instructed to perform the exercises at home every day for 12 weeks. Clinical outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks after starting the intervention. The primary outcomes are average overall knee pain and physical function in daily life. The secondary outcomes include other measures of knee pain, physical function, patient-perceived satisfactory improvement, health-related quality of life, physical activity and performance, muscle strength of the lower limb, and adherence.
Discussion
This study will provide more evidence on the effects of traditional Chinese exercise on improving physical function and relieving joint pain among patients with knee OA. If proven effective, leg swing exercise can be used as a non-surgical treatment for knee OA in the future.
Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry reference: ChiCTR2000039005, registered 13/10/2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62497
Effects of Sevoflurane at Different Concentrations on ApoE in Hippocampus of Aged Rats With Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Zhu Yuhang , Luo Li , Zhou Lin , Wu Zhenyu , Yang Yang , Yu Wanqiu , Zhu Zhaoqiong , Ran Xueqin , Wang Jiafu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: To observe the behavioral changes of aged rats with hypercholesterolemia after inhalation of 1.0 MAC and 1.3MAC sevoflurane , the levels of hippocampal ApoE3, ApoE4 and Aβ1-42, as well as the changes of Aβ1-42 levels of optical density in hippocampal CA3 and CA1 regions, and to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane on cognitive function in aged rats with hypercholesterolemia.Method: The 15-month-old male SD rats were fed a high-fat diet for 9 months. Rats successfully modeled (N=54) were randomly divided into three groups:control group (Con group, n=18), low concentration sevoflurane group ( Sev1.0 group, n=18), high concentration sevoflurane group (Sev1.3 group, n=18). Rats in the three groups inhaled aero mixed gas(1L/min O2+1L/min Air), 1.0MAC sevoflurane and 1.3MAC sevoflurane for 2h respectively.1 day, 30 days and 90 days after sevoflurane treatment were defined as T1, T30 and T90 experimental periods, respectively. In the three experiments, 6 rats were randomly selected from Con group, Sev1.0 group and Sev1.3 group to complete the behavior experiment in Morris water maze.Subsequently, the levels of ApoE3, ApoE4 and Aβ1-42 in the left hippocampus were detected by Western Blot.Expression of Aβ1-42 in the right hippocampal CA3 and CA1 regions of rats in each group was detected by frozen immunofluorescence assay.Result: 1. No behavioral changes were found in T1, T30 and T90 experiments.2. At T1 and T30, ApoE4 and Aβ1-42 in Sev1.3 group was significantly different from that in Con group. At T90, there was no difference in the levels of ApoE4 and Aβ1-42 between groups. ApoE3 expression was not statistically significant in the three experimental periods. 3. At T1 and T30, the average optical density of Aβ1-42 in CA3 and CA1 region, Sev1.3 group was significantly different from that in Con group. At T90, there was no significant difference between groups.Conclusion: After inhalation of 1.3MAC sevoflurane in aged SD hypercholesterolemia rats, the levels of ApoE4 and Aβ1-42 were increased in hippocampus at early and middle stage, and the average optical density of Aβ1-42 was increased in CA3 and CA1 area. The change trend of the two ones was consistent, but not enough to cause behavioral changes.
Cardiovascular Response of Radiofrequency Therapy of Gasserian Ganglion with Lidocaine Local Anesthesia during the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Retrospective Single-blind Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhao Dingliang , Li Jing , Ma Chao , Huang Ying , Tao Gaojian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveRadiofrequency thermocoagulation of Gasserian ganglion has a difficult problem how to provide perfect acesodyne for patients to make the treatment more smoothly and comfortably. In our study, we used moderate lidocaine local anesthesia to assess its safety and efficacy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. MethodsFrom January 2017 to December 2020, 80 patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia were treated with radiofrequency thermocoagulation through oval foramen in our institution. They were entirely enrolled and randomly divided into the study group and the control group . In the study group moderate lidocaine was given outside and inside of the oval foramen after puncturing in place,while in the control group the same dose of normal saline was given in the same way. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded respectively at different treatment temperatures. Resultshe fluctuation of mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The two groups showed a significant difference in MAP, HR and VAS at different treatment temperatures. Meanwhile, the fluctuation of blood pressure and heart rate in the study group were lower than those in the control group. ConclusionReasonable lidocaine local anesthesia can obviously depress the fluctuation of blood pressure and heart rate during the Gasserian ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation in treatment trigeminal neuralgia. This simple anesthesia method can effectively reduce pain and the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events.
A Proposal for the EI Index for Fuzzy Groups
Authors: Andrade Ricardo , Rêgo Leandro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, it is proposed a measure that quantifies the relational structure within and between groups that comprehend not only the analysis of disjoint groups or non-disjoint groups but also in fuzzy groups. This measure is based on the existing measure known as the EI index. The current EI index is a measure of homophily applied to networks with the presence of disjoint groups, although disjoint groups on a large scale rarely exist in many empirical networks. The new measure permits the expansion of the analysis of social networks, for several types of attributes, and thus generating previously untapped knowledge. Moreover, it is also proposed combining edges’ and nodes’ weights in the evaluation of the EI index. The new measure is tested in two networks in different contexts. The first one is a co-authorship network, where researchers, actors in the network, are divided according to the time of completion of the doctorate. The second network is formed by trade relations between countries of the American continent, where countries are grouped according to the Human Development Index.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Bias Field Correction of Brain Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Xu Yan , Hu Shunbo , Du Yuyue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As a low-frequency and smooth signal, the bias field has a certain destructive effect on magnetic resonance(MR) images, and is the main obstacle for doctors' diagnosis and image processing (such as segmentation, texture analysis, and registration). Before analyzing a damaged MR image, a preprocessing step is needed to correct the bias field in the image. Unlike traditional bias field removal algorithms based on signal models and a priori assumptions, deep learning methods do not require precisely modeling signals and bias fields, and do not need to adjust parameters. After the large training set is trained through the deep neural network, the MR image with the bias field is input, and the corrected MR image is output. In this paper, we propose taking the local feature images of the bias field in multiple frequency bands obtained by the log-Gabor filter bank and the original image as input, correct the bias field of a brain magnetic resonance image through a deep separable convolutional neural network, and use residual learning and batch normalization to speed up the training process and improve bias field correction performance. Our training model was tested on the BrainWeb simulated database and HCP real dataset, and the results of the qualitative analysis show that our training model achieved better performance than the traditional state-of-the-art N4 and NIMS (Non-Iterative Multi-Scale) methods.
Influence of Land Surface Temperature and Rainfall on Surface Water Change: An Innovative Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jain Vanita , Dhingra Aarushi , Gupta Eeshita , Takkar Ish , Jain Rachna , Islam Sardar M N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Surface water is the world’s largest store of consumable water. It plays an important role in sustaining ecosystems and enabling human adaptation to various climate changes. Although surface freshwater is necessary for life, there is a startling lack of understanding in the current literature of the spatial and temporal dynamics of surface freshwater outflow and storage variations across a large country: India. Current studies have several limitations, such as the use of relatively short data series and inappropriate machine learning methods. This study develops an innovative machine learning approach. It uses a long data series to generate a correct understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of surface freshwater outflow and storage variations in a large geographical area. Using the JRC dataset, the authors mapped the change in intensity of surface water, performed an analysis of the thematic maps (Indian subcontinent) generated using ArcMap 10.8 from a period of June 2000 to June 2020. The research presented in this paper devised Google Earth Engine in Python API and remote sensing techniques to detect changes in the trends of surface water levels and quantify changing map trends. ArcMap is used for the viewing and editing of Raster images and to perform raster calculations. Values of the attributes are averaged over 13 rivers over the period of 20 years to find the correlation between the decrease in Surface water levels with the rainfall intensity and land surface temperature changes. The authors use the correlation between the parameters to obtain an average R-squared adjusted value of 0.402 with the dependence of surface water change to the independent variables of change in land surface temperature and rainfall intensity. The results of the study provide an improved understanding of the effects of the change in the land surface temperature and rainfall levels or the causes of the decline and changes in the surface waters of India. The innovative machine learning and data analysis approach developed in this study can be applied effectively to other regions of the world.
Silicon-Mediated Regulation of Sodium Distribution in Barley Plants
Authors: Wei Xiao , Zhang Pengbo , Bocharnikova Elena , Matichenkov Vladimir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Salinity is one of the largest problems in the world today. Silicon (Si)-mediated increase in plant tolerance to saline environment has been well documented, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Monosilicic acid, polysilicic acid, and sodium (Na) were analyzed in the apoplast and symplast of roots, stems and leaves of salt-stressed barley plants in dynamics. Sodium moved predominantly via apoplastic pathway. The dynamics of Na in apoplast represented a parabolic curve. Soluble Si in nutrient solution increased the total Na in the roots but restricted the Na root-to-shoot transport via apoplastic pathway and reduced Na accumulation in stems and leaves. Plant exposure to high concentration of Na resulted in increased polysilicic acids in the root symplast and stem apoplast and symplast. These increases are attributable to Si redistribution within plant with its accumulation in stressed tissue. Probably, Si moves in the form of polysilicic acid. Under optimum or low stress growth conditions, Si mainly accumulated in the roots and leaves. Under higher stress, this Si can be redistributed to a mostly stress-affected place.
Automated Segmentation of Nucleus and Cytoplasm of Cervical Cells from Pap-smear Images using A Quadtree Decomposition Approach
Authors: William Wasswa , Ware Andrew , Basaza-Ejiri Annabella Habinka , Obungoloch Johnes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDigital pathology and microscopy image analysis is widely used for comprehensive studies of cell morphology especially for cervical cancer screening from pap-smears. Manual assessment of pap-smears is labour intensive and prone to interobserver variations. Computer-aided methods, which can significantly improve the objectivity and reproducibility, have attracted a great deal of interest in recent literature. A critical prerequisite in automated analysis of pap-smears is nucleus and cytoplasm segmentation, which is the basis of cervical cancer screening. This paper articulates a potent approach to the segmentation of cervical cells into nucleus and cytoplasm using a quadtree decomposition approach with statistical measures.ResultsChoosing an appropriate quadtree decomposition strategy was a great challenge and a novel task in the proposed approach. The image is pre-processed using an enhanced median filter and is decomposed based on the mean, maximum entropy and the variance statistical measures of the pixels in the subtree. As a result, highly efficient and segmentations of acceptable performance were obtained. Comparison of the segmented nucleus and cytoplasm with the ground truth nucleus and cytoplasm segmentations resulted into a Zijdenbos similarity index of greater than 0.9034 and 0.9498 for nucleus and cytoplasm segmentation respectively. ConclusionGiven the accuracy of the classifier in segmenting the nucleus which plays an important role in cervical cancer diagnosis and classification, the classifier can be adapted for automated systems for cervical cancer diagnosis and classification. The method serves as a basis for first level segmentation of cervical cells for diagnosis and classification of cervical cancer from pap-smears.
Integrated Analysis of the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Expression Profiles Reveals Novel Insights Into Potential Mechanisms in Response to Root-knot Nematodes in Peanut
Authors: Xu Ping , Li Hui , Wang Xiaohua , Zhao Ge , Lu Xiaofei , Dai Shengjie , Cui Xiaoyu , Yuan Mei , Liu Zhengning 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe high content of oil and protein makes peanut the main oil and edible crop in the world. Root-knot nematode forms root-knot by infecting peanut roots, which lead to poor development of peanut roots and seriously restricts the yield of peanut in the world. With the release of peanut genome, a large number of genetic loci controlling peanut root-knot nematode have been detected, but the molecular mechanism of root-knot nematode is still unclear. ResultsThe whole transcriptome RNA-seq was used to reveal the divergent response to root-knot nematode stress in peanut roots. A total of 430 mRNAs, 111 miRNAs, 4453 lncRNAs and 123 circRNAs were identified differential expression between infected and no-infected peanut, respectively. To understand the potential mechanisms in response to root-knot nematodes in peanut roots, the expression profiles of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network were constructed. A total of 10 lncRNAs, 4 circRNAs, 5 miRNAs and 13 mRNAs can regularly the expression of mRNA during root-knot nematodes stress by forming competing endogenous RNA and participate in oxidation-reduction process and other various biological metabolism pathways in peanut. The results gained will reveal the role of ceRNAs of peanut in response to root-knot nematodes.ConclusionThe GO classification and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of core regulatory networks revealing the ceRNAs participate in oxidation-reduction, peroxidase activity, lignin synthesis in xylem and flavonoid synthesis process. Overall, those results could gain the knowledge of the role of no-coding RNAs in response to root-knot nematodes.
Left Atrial Phasic Function Remodeling During its Enlargement: A Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography Study
Authors: Chen Chuyun , Yang Ying , Ma Wei , Qi Litong , Zhang Baowei , Zhang Yan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Left atrial (LA) size is often used as a surrogate marker of LA function in clinical practice, with larger atria thought to represent a “dysfunctioning” atrium, since there is no accepted ‘gold’ standard to evaluate LA function. The exact relationship between LA size and phasic function, and whether LA dysfunction occur before LA enlargement (LAE) may be of clinical interest while have not been fully studied. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE) was showed a promising method in measuring LA physic deformation.
Materials and methods

A community cohort of 715 subjects at cardiovascular disease high risk accepted comprehensive echocardiography. LA longitudinal phasic strain Sa (absolute peak strain during atrial contraction), Se (peak strain at early diastole) and Stot (total atrial strain =Sa+Se), representing contractile, conduit, and reservoir function respectively, were measured using off-line 2D STE software in apical 4 chamber view, and data were compared among groups at different LA size and between sub-groups in normal LA size with and without hypertension (HT).
Results

With LAE (from normal size, mild, moderate to severe LAE), the Stot(21.74±5.97,20.75±4.99,20.49±5.27,17.75±4.71, respectively, ANOVA p=0.003) and Sa (11.84±3.92,11.00±3.29,10.11±2.57,8.55±2.88, respectively, ANOVA p<0.001) reduced while Se had no change. In normal sized LA subgroups, Stot (21.35±5.91 vs 23.01±6.02, p=0.008) and Se (9.51±4.41 vs 11.17±4.89, p<0.001) reduced in subjects with HT comparing with those without.
Conclusion

LA phasic function remodeling occurs before LAE and continues with LAE, with reservoir, conduit and contractile function being affected unparalleled.