bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deoxycholic acid delays the wound healing of colonic epithelial cells via transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled receptor 5
Authors: Azuma Yuka , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Sugaya Takeshi , Yasuda Takeshi , Hashimoto Hikaru , Kajiwara‐Kubota Mariko , Sugino Satoshi , Kitae Hiroaki , Torii Takashi , Mizushima Katsura , Doi Toshifumi , Inoue Ken , Dohi Osamu , Yoshida Naohisa , Kamada Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Takeshi , Takagi Tomohisa , Konishi Hideyuki , Naito Yuji , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimEfficient intestinal wound healing is essential for good prognoses of ulcerative colitis (UC). Although bile acids and the transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled receptor (TGR) 5 have been reported to affect wound healing in intestinal epithelial cells, the detailed underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of TGR5 in wound healing in the context of colonic epithelial cells in the presence of bile acids.MethodsThe expression of TGR5 in the colonic epithelium of both a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model (recovery phase), and UC patients in clinical remission, was evaluated. Young adult mouse colonic epithelial (YAMC) cells were then used to evaluate wound healing after treatment with deoxycholic acid (DCA); TGR5 was silenced in YAMC cells via shRNA‐transfection, and a wound‐healing assay in the presence of DCA was performed. Furthermore, we investigated the role of the activation of AKT in the context of wound healing.ResultsThe expression of TGR5 was decreased in the colonic epithelium of both mice with DSS‐induced colitis and UC patients. Additionally, DCA significantly delayed wound healing in YAMC cells but not in TGR5 silenced ones. Of note, the DCA‐induced activation of AKT signaling in YAMC cells was inhibited by TGR5 silencing, and AKT inhibitors prevented the wound healing delay induced by DCA.ConclusionsOverall, we show that DCA delays wound healing in the context of colonic epithelial cells through AKT activation. These results may support the development of new therapeutic approaches for epithelial regeneration in UC.
Development of multi‐class computer‐aided diagnostic systems using the NICE/JNET classifications for colorectal lesions
Authors: Okamoto Yuki , Yoshida Shigeto , Izakura Seiji , Katayama Daisuke , Michida Ryuichi , Koide Tetsushi , Tamaki Toru , Kamigaichi Yuki , Tamari Hirosato , Shimohara Yasutsugu , Nishimura Tomoyuki , Inagaki Katsuaki , Tanaka Hidenori , Yamashita Ken , Sumimoto Kyoku , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimDiagnostic support using artificial intelligence may contribute to the equalization of endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal lesions. We developed computer‐aided diagnosis (CADx) support system for diagnosing colorectal lesions using the NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification and the Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification.MethodsUsing Residual Network as the classifier and NBI images as training images, we developed a CADx based on the NICE classification (CADx‐N) and a CADx based on the JNET classification (CADx‐J). For validation, 480 non‐magnifying and magnifying NBI images were used for the CADx‐N and 320 magnifying NBI images were used for the CADx‐J. The diagnostic performance of the CADx‐N was evaluated using the magnification rate.ResultsThe accuracy of the CADx‐N for Types 1, 2, and 3 was 97.5%, 91.2%, and 93.8%, respectively. The diagnostic performance for each magnification level was good (no statistically significant difference). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the CADx‐J were 100%, 96.3%, 82.8%, 100%, and 96.9% for Type 1; 80.3%, 93.7%, 94.1%, 79.2%, and 86.3% for Type 2A; 80.4%, 84.7%, 46.8%, 96.3%, and 84.1% for Type 2B; and 62.5%, 99.6%, 96.8%, 93.8%, and 94.1% for Type 3, respectively.ConclusionsThe multi‐class CADx systems had good diagnostic performance with both the NICE and JNET classifications and may aid in educating non‐expert endoscopists and assist in diagnosing colorectal lesions.
Clathrin light chains regulate hypocotyl elongation by affecting the polarization of the auxin transporter PIN3 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Tianwei , Yin Shoupeng , Sun Jingbo , Linghu Yuting , Ma Jiaqi , Pan Jianwei , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPIN‐FORMED (PIN)‐dependent directional auxin transport is crucial for plant development. Although the redistribution of auxin mediated by the polarization of PIN3 plays key roles in modulating hypocotyl cell expansion, how PIN3 becomes repolarized to the proper sites within hypocotyl cells is poorly understood. We previously generated the clathrin light chain clc2‐1 clc3‐1 double mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that it has an elongated hypocotyl phenotype compared to the wild type. Here, we performed genetic, cell biology, and pharmacological analyses combined with live‐cell imaging to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the role of clathrin light chains in hypocotyl elongation. Our analyses indicated that the defects of the double mutant enhanced auxin maxima in epidermal cells, thus, promoting hypocotyl elongation. PIN3 relocated to the lateral sides of hypocotyl endodermal cells in clc2‐1 clc3‐1 mutants to redirect auxin toward the epidermal cell layers. Moreover, the loss of function of PIN3 largely suppressed the long hypocotyl phenotype of the clc2‐1 clc3‐1 double mutant, as did treatment with auxin transport inhibitors. Based on these data, we propose that clathrin modulates PIN3 abundance and polarity to direct auxin flux and inhibit cell elongation in the hypocotyl, providing novel insights into the regulation of hypocotyl elongation.
Correlative light and volume electron microscopy (vCLEM): How community participation can advance developing technologies
Authors: Guerin Christopher J. , Lippens Saskia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCorrelative light and electron microscopy is a valuable tool to image samples across resolution scales and link data on structure and function. While studies using this technique have been available since the 1960s, recent developments have enabled applying these workflows to large volumes of cells and tissues. Much of the development in this area has been facilitated through the collaborative efforts of microscopists and commercial companies to bring the methods, hardware and image processing technologies needed into laboratories and core imaging facilities. This is a prime example of how what was once a niche area can be brought into the mainstream of microscopy by the efforts of imaging pioneers who push the boundaries of possibility.
Criss‐crossing autism spectrum disorder and adult neurogenesis
Authors: Bicker Frank , Nardi Leonardo , Maier Jannik , Vasic Verica , Schmeisser Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders primarily characterized by deficits in social interaction and repetitive behavior. Although the onset is typically in early childhood, ASD poses a lifelong challenge for both patients and caretakers. Adult neurogenesis (AN) is the process by which new functional neurons are created from neural stem cells existing in the post‐natal brain. The entire event is based on a sequence of cellular processes, such as proliferation, specification of cell fate, maturation, and ultimately, synaptic integration into the existing neural circuits. Hence, AN is implicated in structural and functional brain plasticity throughout life. Accumulating evidence shows that impaired AN may underlie some of the abnormal behavioral phenotypes seen in ASD. In this review, we approach the interconnections between the molecular pathways related to AN and ASD. We also discuss existing therapeutic approaches targeting such pathways both in preclinical and clinical studies. A deeper understanding of how ASD and AN reciprocally affect one another could reveal important converging pathways leading to the emergence of psychiatric disorders.
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Technology‐facilitated sexual assault in children and adolescents; is there a cause for concern? Fourteen years of experience at a metropolitan forensic paediatric medical service
Authors: Rowse Janine , Mullane Siobhan , Bassed Richard , Tully Joanna 
Published: September 2021

AimTo quantify and characterise sexual assaults occurring after 12–17‐year‐old children connect with an alleged offender online (technology‐facilitated sexual assault: TFSA) examined at a paediatric forensic medical service in Melbourne, Australia between 2014 and 2020. To compare these findings to a previous 7‐year audit (2007–2013) to determine if there has been an increase in TFSA over the last 14 years.MethodsA retrospective audit was undertaken of medical records of children aged 12–17 who underwent forensic medical examinations at the Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical Service following an allegation of sexual assault, between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020. Cases identified as being technology facilitated were further analysed. Results from 2014 to 2020 7‐year cohort were then compared to an existing audit over the preceding 7‐year period (2007–2013).ResultsOf 515 sexual assault cases between 2014 and 2020, 70 (14%) victims reported connecting with the offender on a technological platform, compared to 4% of cases between 2007 and 2013. In 2019 and 2020, TFSA comprised almost one‐fifth of caseload. Of the 70 TFSA cases, the majority occurred at the first face‐to‐face meeting following a variable period of online communication. Approximately one‐third of TFSA's occurred at the offender's residence, and another third in a public place (park, public toilets). Technological platforms used evolved over the 14‐year study period.ConclusionsThe proportion of TFSA caseload seen at an Australian paediatric forensic medical service increased over the last 14 years, with common characteristics to these sexual assaults suggested.
Acute sleep loss alters circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in humans: A randomised crossover trial
Authors: Mateus Brandão Luiz Eduardo , Espes Daniel , Westholm Jakub Orzechowski , Martikainen Teemu , Westerlund Nestori , Lampola Lauri , Popa Alexandru , Vogel Heike , Schürmann Annette , Dickson Suzanne L. , Benedict Christian , Cedernaes Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) modulates tissue metabolism and circulates at higher levels in metabolic conditions associated with chronic sleep–wake disruption, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. In the present study, we investigated whether acute sleep loss impacts circulating levels of FGF21 and tissue‐specific production, and response pathways linked to FGF21. A total of 15 healthy normal‐weight young men participated in a randomised crossover study with two conditions, sleep loss versus an 8.5‐hr sleep window. The evening before each intervention, fasting blood was collected. Fasting, post‐intervention morning skeletal muscle and adipose tissue samples underwent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and DNA methylation analyses, and serum FGF21 levels were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. Serum levels of FGF21 were higher after sleep loss compared with sleep, both under fasting conditions and following glucose intake (~27%–30%, p = 0.023). Fasting circulating levels of fibroblast activation protein, a protein which can degrade circulating FGF21, were not altered by sleep loss, whereas DNA methylation in the FGF21 promoter region increased only in adipose tissue. However, even though specifically the muscle exhibited transcriptional changes indicating adverse alterations to redox and metabolic homeostasis, no tissue‐based changes were observed in expression of FGF21, its receptors, or selected signalling targets, in response to sleep loss. In summary, we found that acute sleep loss resulted in increased circulating levels of FGF21 in healthy young men, which may occur independent of a tissue‐based stress response in metabolic peripheral tissues. Further studies may decipher whether changes in FGF21 signalling after sleep loss modulate metabolic outcomes associated with sleep or circadian disruption.
Experts, naturalism, and democracy
Authors: Lavazza Andrea , Farina Mirko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExperts often play a fundamental role in decision‐making processes. They are the bearers of an epistemic authority, which is primarily grounded on what we may call scientific naturalism. The main tenets of this view can clash though with other values characterising our pluralist societies. This may lead to conflicts but also to a devaluation or to a rejection of the sort of knowledge and advise offered by experts. In this paper we propose a new accommodation between scientific naturalism and the values of our democratic societies. In Section 1, we present a case study highlighting the problematicity of experts' decisions based on mere epistemic soundness. In Section 2, we frame our analysis of expertise in the context of a post‐truth world. Section 3 looks at the relations between scientific naturalism and democracy, while Section 4 focuses on the potential clash between scientific naturalism and the normative character of other forms of knowledge. In Sections 5 and 6, we present practical instances of this clash (additional case studies), involving religious, bioethical, and cultural values. We show that in some cases these values ought to be granted full citizenship in a democratic state. This, (Section 7), leads us to a stalemate that seems to threaten the functioning of modern democracies. In Section 8, to overcome this stalemate, we propose to resort to a more inclusive form of naturalism, namely liberal naturalism. This form of naturalism cannot do without experts' scientific recommendations and yet does not end up excluding (a priori) alternatives forms of knowledge. We conclude, Section 9, by advocating a more liberal ecology of mechanisms for the regulation of decision‐making processes; one that also encompasses socially inclusive (not necessarily scientific) processes of deliberation and judgment.
Effects of vatinoxan on xylazine‐induced pulmonary alterations in sheep
Authors: Adam Magdy , Lindén Jere , Raekallio Marja , Meller Anna , Mannerström Bettina , Abu‐Shahba Ahmed , Seppänen‐Kaijansinkko Riitta , Salla Kati 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt was hypothesized that premedication with vatinoxan, a peripheral α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, would mitigate xylazine‐induced pulmonary alterations in sheep. Fourteen adult sheep were allotted into two equal groups and premedicated with either vatinoxan (750 µg/kg IV) or saline and sedated 10 min later with xylazine (500 µg/kg IV). Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured and respiratory rate (RR) counted at intervals. The sheep were euthanized with IV pentobarbital 10 min after xylazine administration. The severity of pulmonary parenchymal alterations was assessed and graded grossly and histologically and correlations of the morphological changes with SpO2evaluated. Following xylazine injection, SpO2was significantly higher and RR significantly lower with vatinoxan than with saline and the sheep administered vatinoxan exhibited significantly smaller quantities of tracheal foam than those receiving saline. No significant differences in macroscopic oedema scores were detected between treatments. In contrast, the vatinoxan‐treated animals exhibited significantly graver microscopic interstitial alveolar oedema and haemorrhage than saline‐treated animals. The histological severity scores did not correlate with changes in SpO2. In conclusion, xylazine induced a marked reduction in SpO2which was abolished by the prior administration of vatinoxan. The histologically detected alterations after pentobarbital euthanasia with vatinoxan premedication need to be studied further.
Impacts of Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) overfishing on the technical efficiency of fishers in the Tanzania portion of Lake Victoria
Authors: Mkuna Eliaza , Baiyegunhi Lloyd J. S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study employed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) techniques to assess the impacts of Nile perch overfishing on the technical efficiency of fishers, based on a survey of 268 fishers across ten landing sites in the Tanzanian portion of Lake Victoria. The DEA results indicated overall that Nile perch fishers exhibited an average technical efficiency of 30%, indicating a high level of inefficiency. There were no statistically significant differences in the technical efficiencies within the range of 0%–10% and 21%–30% for Nile perch fishers who were overfishing and those who were not overfishing, attributed to the fisher's mobility across the lake. Further, the mode of propulsion and being a member of a fishery organization were found to be statistically significant factors influencing the inefficiency of Nile perch fishers. In addition, results from the Probit estimates of the PSM indicated that being a member of a fishery organization, the quantity of Nile perch harvested per trip, the age of a fishing vessel (boat), the gillnet mesh size and the cost of fishing inputs had statistically significant effects influencing the probability of Nile perch overfishing. However, further results indicated Nile perch overfishing did not have a statistically significant impact on the technical efficiency of fishers. Thus, it is recommended that there is a need to monitor and formalize fisher's mobility as one of the alternatives for co‐management of the lake. Overfishing could be controlled without necessarily affecting the technical efficiency of Nile perch fishers through training and access to proper fishing gears.
Obesity and mortality among endometrial cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kokts‐Porietis Renée L. , Elmrayed Seham , Brenner Darren R. , Friedenreich Christine M. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryExcess body fat is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer incidence, but its impact on recurrence and survival remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the association between excess body fat with recurrence, cancer‐specific, and all‐cause mortality among endometrial cancer survivors. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to July 2021. Risk of bias was assessed with the Ottawa Newcastle Scale. Random effects models estimated pooled hazard ratios for the main associations between body mass index (BMI) and survival outcomes and stratified by endometrial cancer type. Potential heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated with sensitivity analyses, funnel plots, and Egger's test. Forty‐six studies were included, of which 45 estimated body fat with BMI and six used direct waist circumference measures or CT/MRI scans. Higher BMI (≥30 kg/m2) was associated with increased all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.12–1.59) and recurrence (HR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06–1.56). In sub‐group analysis, associations between higher BMI and all‐cause mortality were observed for both Types I and II survivors, while recurrence associations were only significant among Type I cases. Obesity at endometrial cancer diagnosis was associated with increased cancer recurrence and all‐cause mortality among endometrial cancer survivors but not endometrial cancer‐specific mortality.
Error traps in pediatric difficult airway management
Authors: Sohn Lisa , Peyton James , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S , Jagannathan Narasimhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDifficult airway management in children is associated with significant morbidity. This narrative review on error traps in airway management aims to highlight the common pitfalls and proposes solutions to optimize best practices for pediatric difficult airway management. We have categorized common errors of pediatric difficult airway management into three main error traps: preparation, performance, and proficiency, and present potential strategies to improve patient safety and successful tracheal intubation in infants and children with difficult airways.
Protecting forests or saving trees? The EU's regulatory approach to global deforestation
Authors: Henn Elisabeth V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven the poor problem‐solving effectiveness of international environmental law and a decline in multilateralism, unilateral approaches to halting deforestation globally have acquired increasing significance. Within this context, the European Union (EU) has adopted the EU Timber Regulation and the first and second Renewable Energy Directive, all of which have extraterritorial implications. Given continuing high rates of deforestation, the European Union has also been assessing which mix of instruments might prove more effective in preventing global deforestation. This article contextualizes these regulatory endeavours, analyses the specific interactions and features of existing instruments under EU law, such as due diligence obligations, sustainability criteria, certification schemes and bilateral agreements, and discusses the challenges arising from World Trade Organization (WTO) law regarding potentially more effective mandatory instruments. It finds that while the existing framework contains promising pathways for future regulation, designing sustainability criteria that are technically meaningful and also feasible from the perspective of WTO law requires greater policy coherence.
Monetary policy and inflation–output variability in Sri Lanka: Lessons for developing economies
Authors: Mayandy Kesavarajah , Middleditch Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the impact of monetary policy on the inflation–output variability trade‐off for Sri Lanka and in doing so, draws lessons for the formulation of early‐stage monetary policy in developing economies. We examine how this trade‐off has changed across different monetary policy episodes, and investigate the persistence of economic shocks on the variability of inflation and output. After exploring the contribution of monetary policy towards macroeconomic performance more generally, we use the experience of Sri Lanka to suggest that more recently formed central banks in developing economies should focus on inflation variability, especially where the impact of demand and supply shocks is less persistent.