bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WOCS 5379: Detailed Analysis of the Evolution of a Post-mass-transfer Blue Straggler
Authors: Sun 孙 M. 萌 , Mathieu Robert D. , Leiner Emily M. , Townsend R. H. D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The blue straggler binary WOCS 5379 is a member of the old (6–7 Gyr) open cluster NGC 188. WOCS 5379 comprises a blue straggler star with a white dwarf companion in a 120 day eccentric orbit. Combined with the orbital period, this helium white dwarf is evidence of previous mass transfer by a red giant. Detailed models of the system evolution from a progenitor main-sequence binary, including mass transfer, are made using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics. Both of the progenitor stars are evolved in the simulation. WOCS 5379 is well reproduced with a primary star of initial mass 1.19 M
⊙, whose core becomes the white dwarf. The secondary star initially is 1.01 M
⊙. The secondary finished receiving mass from the donor 300 Myr ago, having moved beyond the NGC 188 turnoff as a 1.20 M
⊙ blue straggler. The successful model has a mass-transfer efficiency of 22%. This nonconservative mass transfer is key to expanding the orbit fast enough to permit stable mass transfer. Even so, the mass transfer begins with a short unstable phase, during which half of the accreted mass is transferred. With increasing mass, the secondary evolves from a radiative core to a convective core. The final blue straggler interior is remarkably similar to a 2.1 Gyr old 1.21 M
⊙ main-sequence star at the same location in the H-R diagram. The white dwarf effective temperature is also reproduced, but the modeled white dwarf mass of 0.33 M
⊙ is smaller than the measured mass of 0.42 M
⊙.
Dust, Gas, and Metal Content in Star-forming Galaxies at z ∼ 3.3 Revealed with ALMA and Near-IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Suzuki Tomoko L. , Onodera Masato , Kodama Tadayuki , Daddi Emanuele , Hayashi Masao , Koyama Yusei , Shimakawa Rhythm , Smail Ian , Sobral David , Tacchella Sandro , Tanaka Ichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We conducted submillimeter observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3.3, whose gas-phase metallicities have been measured previously. We investigated the dust and gas contents of the galaxies at z ∼ 3.3 and studied the interaction of galaxies with their circumgalactic or intergalactic medium at this epoch by probing their gas mass fractions and gas-phase metallicities. Single-band dust continuum emission tracing dust mass and the relation between the gas-phase metallicity and gas-to-dust mass ratio were used to estimate the gas masses. The estimated gas mass fractions and depletion timescales are f
gas= 0.20–0.75 and t
dep= 0.09–1.55 Gyr. Although the galaxies appear to be tightly distributed around the star-forming main sequence at z ∼ 3.3, both quantities show a wider spread at a fixed stellar mass than expected from the scaling relation, suggesting a large diversity of fundamental gas properties in star-forming galaxies that apparently lie on the main sequence. When we compared gas mass fraction and gas-phase metallicity in star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3.3 and at lower redshifts, star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3.3 appear to be more metal poor than local galaxies with similar gas mass fractions. Using the gas regulator model to interpret this offset, we find that this can be explained by a higher mass-loading factor, suggesting that the mass-loading factor in outflows increases at earlier cosmic times.
Origin of Galactic Spurs: New Insight from Radio/X-Ray All-sky Maps
Authors: Kataoka Jun , Yamamoto Marino , Nakamura Yuki , Ito Soichiro , Sofue Yoshiaki , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Nakamori Takeshi , Totani Tomonori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, we analyze giant Galactic spurs seen in both radio and X-ray all-sky maps to reveal their origins. We discuss two types of giant spurs: one is the brightest diffuse emission near the map’s center, which is likely to be related to Fermi bubbles (NPSs/SPSs, north/south polar spurs, respectively), and the other is weaker spurs that coincide positionally with local spiral arms in our Galaxy (LAS, Local Arm spur). Our analysis finds that the X-ray emissions, not only from the NPS but also from the SPS, are closer to the Galactic center by ∼5° compared with the corresponding radio emission. Furthermore, larger offsets of 10°–20° are observed in the LASs; however, they are attributed to different physical origins. Moreover, the temperature of the X-ray emission is kT ≃ 0.2 keV for the LAS, which is systematically lower than those of the NPS and SPS (kT ≃ 0.3 keV) but consistent with the typical temperature of Galactic halo gas. We argue that the radio/X-ray offset and the slightly higher temperature of the NPS/SPS X-ray gas are due to the shock compression/heating of halo gas during a significant Galactic explosion in the past, whereas the enhanced X-ray emission from the LAS may be due to the weak condensation of halo gas in the arm potential or star formation activity without shock heating.
Binary Planetesimal Formation from Gravitationally Collapsing Pebble Clouds
Authors: Nesvorný David , Li Rixin , Simon Jacob B. , Youdin Andrew N. , Richardson Derek C. , Marschall Raphael , Grundy William M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Planetesimals are compact astrophysical objects roughly 1–1000 km in size, massive enough to be held together by gravity. They can grow by accreting material to become full-size planets. Planetesimals themselves are thought to form by complex physical processes from small grains in protoplanetary disks. The streaming instability (SI) model states that millimeter/centimeter-sized particles (pebbles) are aerodynamically collected into self-gravitating clouds that then directly collapse into planetesimals. Here we analyze ATHENA simulations of the SI to characterize the initial properties (e.g., rotation) of pebble clouds. Their gravitational collapse is followed with the PKDGRAV
N-body code, which has been modified to realistically account for pebble collisions. We find that pebble clouds rapidly collapse into short-lived disk structures from which planetesimals form. The planetesimal properties depend on the cloud’s scaled angular momentum,

l
=
L

/

(

MR

H

2

Ω
)

, where L and M are the angular momentum and mass, R
H is the Hill radius, and Ω is the orbital frequency. Low-l pebble clouds produce tight (or contact) binaries and single planetesimals. Compact high-l clouds give birth to binary planetesimals with attributes that closely resemble the equally sized binaries found in the Kuiper Belt. Significantly, the SI-triggered gravitational collapse can explain the angular momentum distribution of known equally sized binaries—a result pending verification from studies with improved resolution. About 10% of collapse simulations produce hierarchical systems with two or more large moons. These systems should be found in the Kuiper Belt when observations reach the threshold sensitivity.
Evaluation of the probiotic and postbiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria from artisanal dairy products against pathogens
Authors: Hussain Nazar , Tariq Muhammad , Saris Per Erik Joakim , Zaidi Arsalan 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Probiotic and postbiotic potential of thirty-two strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), obtained earlier from artisanal dairy sources in Pakistan, have been investigated against major multi-drug resistant (MDR) and food borne pathogenic bacteria.
Methodology: LAB strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and their antibacterial activity was assessed by the microdilution method. Four LAB isolates, Weissella confusa PL6, Enterococcus faecium PL7, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii PL11 and PL13 were shortlisted. Their ability to degrade lactose and safety for human consumption in terms of hemolysis and antibiotic susceptibility were assessed in vitro. The antibacterial components in the cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of isolate cultures were characterized biochemically by HPLC.
Results: Acid neutralization but not protease treatment abolished the antibacterial activity of CFSs. Lactic, acetic and propionic acids were the main acids in the CFSs, and acid production peaked in the stationary phase of growth. The antibacterial activity of the LAB cultures resulted from secretion of organic acids that lowered the pH. The strains exhibited variable ability to degrade lactose and were non-hemolytic and susceptible to the most common antibiotics.
Conclusions: These LAB strains are probiotic candidates for further investigation of their postbiotic role in naturally preserving processed foods and for attenuation of lactose intolerance.
Militer dans le syndicalisme international, deux études de cas
Authors: Rombaldi Maurício 
Published: February 2021

Cette étude vise à comprendre la relation entre le syndicalisme brésilien et international dans les secteurs de la métallurgie et des télécommunications. Elle analyse notamment les différentes phases d’internationalisation du Brésil des années 1980 à nos jours, ainsi que les conditions sociales ayant permis à des syndicalistes brésiliens d’accéder aux espaces internationaux. À cette fin, on observe les relations internationales développées par les organisations syndicales brésiliennes des deux secteurs et les trajectoires de militants qui sont arrivés à occuper des postes dans les fédérations internationales.
La crise sanitaire sonne-t-elle la fin de la sous-traitance dans l’industrie de la viande ?
Authors: Kahmann Marcus 
Published: February 2021

Depuis quelques années déjà, les pouvoirs publics allemands sont alertés sur les « excès » de l’industrie de la viande. Le projet de loi relatif au renforcement de l’inspection du travail du 29 juillet 2020 marque, dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire, une rupture dans la méthode du gouvernement fédéral et augmente la contrainte pesant sur les entreprises du secteur. Il vise à renforcer le nombre de contrôles au travail et à interdire, dans les entreprises d’au moins 50 salarié·es, la sous-traitance et le travail intérimaire. Cette interdiction est susceptible de bousculer les pratiques d’emploi et d’impacter le modèle économique du secteur. Cet article vise à éclairer la genèse de ce projet de loi, qui a depuis été adoptée le 18 décembre 2020.
La question du contrat social en collatéral de la crise sanitaire : « All in this together » ?
Authors: Le Queux Stéphane , Peetz David 
Published: February 2021

L’impact sanitaire du Covid-19 en Australie a été plus limité qu’ailleurs. La maîtrise de la pandémie a permis une reprise anticipée de l’économie, même si les conséquences sur l’emploi et l’économie ont été dans un premier temps considérables, mais inégales. Une subvention à l’emploi a été introduite en réponse à la pression des acteurs sociaux, et, étonnamment, le gouvernement a encouragé le recours au dialogue social pour faciliter la mise en œuvre d’une réforme des relations professionnelles. Toutefois, les autres aspects du programme gouvernemental risquent fort de compromettre cette dynamique de dialogue.
L’Encyclopédie et Diderot : vers de nouvelles attributions d’articles
Authors: Leca-Tsiomis Marie 
Published: February 2021

L’attribution à Diderot de plusieurs centaines d’articles constitue un nouveau corpus de son œuvre encyclopédique : il est donc nécessaire d’exposer le plus clairement possible les critères qui ont servi à la reconnaissance de ce corpus. C’est le premier but de cet article. Me gardant autant qu’il est possible des attributions « au flair » ou au « sentiment », et utilisant le subtil moteur de recherche de l’Enccre qui permet de recenser et de croiser les occurrences tant des domaines et des signatures que des articles et des volumes, je peux désormais en utilisant certaines des conclusions de mes recherches antérieures, établir des critères fiables. Ces critères sont de trois types et ils se croisent : le domaine, l’examen des alternatives, la source.
Postoperative analgesic efficacy of the pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre compared to intraperitoneal hydrocortisone in laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries
Authors: Elsakka Ahmed , Elrefai Nisreen , Shehata Jihan , Abdel Mawla Atef Galal 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims:
Laparoscopic surgeries are becoming attractive because of early recovery. Adequate postoperative pain relief may be a major concern. Several methods have been used to relieve laparoscopic postoperative pain.

Methodology:
This prospective, randomised, controlled study was conducted during the period between February and June 2019. Patients were assigned into three groups. Patients in the hydrocortisone group received intraperitoneal 100mg hydrocortisone in 150 ml normal saline together with the routine method to remove carbondioxide (CO2). For patients in the pulmonary recruitment group, CO2 was exsufflated by pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre together with the routine method to remove CO2. In the control group CO2 was removed by applying gentle abdominal pressure allowing passive exsufflation through the port site.

Results:
A total of 57 patients were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups as regards demographic characteristics. There was a statistically significant difference in the 24 h postoperative analgesic consumption (primary outcome) in the hydrocortisone and pulmonary recruitment groups in comparison to the control group:P value <0.001. Also, time to first request for analgesia was significantly longer and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was significantly lower in the hydrocortisone and pulmonary recruitment groups compared to the control group:P value <0.001.

Conclusion:
Intraperitoneal hydrocortisone and pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre could both effectively reduce pain after gynaecological laparoscopic surgeries, however, intraperitoneal hydrocortisone might give a longer pain-free time.
Sentinel node mapping using indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology for endometrial cancer
Authors: Somashekhar S. P. , Arvind R. , Kumar C. Rohit , Ahuja Vijay , Ashwin K. R. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence with high-definition, three-dimensional imaging systems is emerging as the latest strategy to reduce trauma and improve surgical outcomes during oncosurgery.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective study involving 100 patients with carcinoma endometrium who underwent robotic-assisted Type 1 pan-hysterectomy, with ICG-directed sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy from November 2017 to December 2019. The aim was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of SLN algorithm and to evaluate the location and distribution of SLN in pelvic, para-aortic and unusual areas and the role of frozen section.

Results:
The overall SLN detection rate was 98%. Bilateral detection was possible in 92% of the cases. Right side was detected in 98% of the cases and left side was visualised in 92% of the cases. Complete node dissection was done where SLN mapping failed. The most common location for SLN in our series was obturator on the right hemipelvis and internal iliac on the left hemipelvis. SLN in the para-aortic area was detected in 14% of cases. In six cases, SLN was found in atypical locations, that is pre-sacral area. Eight patients had SLN positivity for metastasis and underwent complete retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Comparison of final histopathological report with frozen section reports showed no false negatives.

Conclusions:
SLN mapping holds a great promise as a modern staging strategy for endometrial cancer. In our experience, cervical injection was an optimal method of mapping the pelvis. ICG showed a high overall detection rate, and bilateral mapping appears to be a feasible alternative to the more traditional methods of SLN mapping in patients with endometrial cancer. The ICG fluorescence imaging system is simple and safe and may become a standard in oncosurgery in view of its staging and anatomical imaging capabilities. This approach can reduce the morbidity, operative times and costs associated with complete lymphadenectomy while maintaining prognostic and predictive information.
Nigerian Politics and Politics in Nigeria: A Contemplation of Islamic Political Thought in Nigeria
Authors: Suberu Ibrahim , Yusuf Sherif 
Published: February 2021

Democracy in Nigeria is characterised by corruption, irregularities and injustice. The level of political hostility in the country has resulted in loss of lives and properties and as a result, there have been hindrances to peace and national development to prevail in Nigeria. Hence, the ugly political developments have generated a lot of concerns and questions such as what are the causes of the political unrest in Nigeria? Is democracy really paying off as a political system in Nigeria? What has been the result of democracy in Nigeria? Can there be a better political system in Nigeria? If so, can Islamic political system fulfil the longing of Nigerians? Answers to these questions shall form the body of this research. The research discovers the absence of fairness in the electoral process and bad governance in Nigeria. This research reveals the flaws in effectiveness of democracy as a system of government in Nigeria. It proposes adopting an alternative model of governance. Lastly, this research contemplates the Islamic political model for a better Nigeria.
The Role of Money in Capitalistic and Islamic Economic Systems: A Comparative Study
Authors: M Yahya Naeem Ur Rahman 
Published: February 2021

Money has a great role to play in the economic system. It is a backbone of all commercial and financial transactions. Its role is well defined and established since ages; the fundamental role as a medium of exchange and standard of values. Furthermore, if the functional role of money is positive and productive, it leads to the economic growth and expansion of economic activities. Likewise, the injudicious role of money created several economic fluctuations and frequent financial distortions in the economic history. The article suggests that the injudicious role of money created economic disorder and caused financial crisis in the global economy. The research paper attempts to explore the role of money from Islamic and Capitalistic perspectives. In the capitalistic system, the money is being used as a tradable commodity in the banking and financial sector. The Islamic perspective is based on the teachings of Quran and Sunnah, and jurisdictions of Muslim scholars, in this context, money is only a means of exchange and measure of value. The qualitative research approach has been applied to the discussion and based on the literature review and available data, it is recommended that there is a dire need to review the role of money. The role of money as a tradable commodity caused distortions in the existing system. It is recommended that the banking business needs to be operated on profit and loss sharing rather than the trading of money as a commodity.
Гостра променева хвороба: внесок українських вчених (повідомлення перше)
Authors: Boichak M. P. 
Published: February 2021

Мета. Розглянути внесок українських вчених у розвиток уявлень щодо біологічної дії іонізуючого випромінювання, патогенезу, клініки, діагностики, лікування та профілактики гострої променевої хвороби.
Матеріали та методи. У дослідженні використано історичний і бібліосемантичний методи з метою повного розкриття питань становлення та розвитку радіаційної медицини, зокрема актуальних питань гострої променевої хвороби.
Результати. Розглянуто основні дослідження українських вчених Інституту фізіології імені О.О.Богомольця АН УРСР та окремих дослідників – українців за походженням (Б.М. Раєвський та Є.Б. Закржевський) з питань медичної радіології, участь їх у формуванні нинішніх уявлень щодо гострої променевої хвороби. Показано їх роль у вивченні питань патогенезу, клінічного перебігу, лікування та профілактики гострої променевої хвороби. Виявлені пріоритетні напрями досягнень, що вплинули на позитивні результати лікування гострої променевої хвороби у ліквідаторів аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС.
Висновки. Українськими вченими Інституту фізіології імені О.О. Богомольця АН УРСР та окремими дослідниками – українцями за походженням (Б.М. Раєвський, Є.Б. Закржевський) розроблені важливі наукові напрями з вивчення гострої променевої хвороби (зроблено певний внесок у вивчення патогенетичних механізмів захворювання, детально описано розгорнуту картину основних клінічних синдромів; обґрунтовано принцип комплексного, патогенетичного лікування гострої променевої хвороби; винайдено, вивчено та застосовано низку ефективних протипроменевих засобів, різних механізмів дії, що мають як радіозахисні властивості, так і знижують ступінь променевого ураження організму ), які отримали визнання і практичне застосування при лікуванні постраждалих під час аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС. Завдяки досягненням українських вчених були сформовані сучасні уявлення про гостру променеву хворобу.
Kedudukan Alkitab Bagi Kurikulum Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 Bagi Orang Dewasa
Authors: Otto Ottovianus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract: This paper aims to see how the Bible stands for the curriculum in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 called the Internet of Think (IoT). Internet of Think (IoT) is a technology that allows each instrument to be connected to one another virtually, so that it can support the performance of the human workforce. Therefore, with the development of the 4.0 industrial revolution, this paper will explain how the authority of the Bible and the relevance of the Bible, the benefits of God's words based on II Timothy 3:16 (teaching, reproving mistakes, correcting behavior and educating people in truth) and the position of the Bible for curriculum in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0.
Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana kedudukan Alkitab bagi kurikulum di era revolusi industri 4.0 yang disebut Internet of Think (IoT). Internet of Think (IoT) merupakan teknologi yang memungkinkan setiap instrumen terkoneksi satu sama lain secara virtual, sehingga mampu mendukung kinerja tenaga kerja manusia. Oleh karena itu, dengan adanya perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0 maka, tulisan ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana otoritas Alkitab dan relevansi Alkitab, manfaat perkataan Allah berdasarkan II Timotius 3:16 (mengajar, menyatakan kesalahan, memperbaiki kelakuan dan mendidik orang dalam kebenaran) dan kedudukan Alkitab bagi kurikulum di era revolusi industri 4.0.
Writing for digital media: Top Romanian Companies’ "About us" pages
Authors: Fărcașiu Marcela Alina 
Published: February 2021

This paper aims at examining a very fashionable and important topic nowadays, i.e. companies’ ?About Us’ pages, an ‘identity card’ through which companies must spark the potential customers’ interest in wanting to buy their products or try their services. To this purpose, 25 most valuable entrepreneurial Romanian companies’ ?About Us’ pages have been considered and analysed. Seeing that there are no specific guidelines concerning the content of such a page, the analysis has taken into account some criteria found in the literature relative to what a ‘perfect’ ‘About Us’ page must look like. The pages have been analysed and compared qualitatively and quantitatively based on these criteria. Screenshots of the pages have also been provided in order to exemplify the results