bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual risk calculator to predict lymph node metastases in patients with submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinoma: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Gotink Annieke W. , van de Ven Steffi E. M. , ten Kate Fiebo J. C. , Nieboer Daan , Suzuki Lucia , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , van Hillegersberg Richard , Alvarez Herrero Lorenza , Seldenrijk Cees A. , Alkhalaf Alaa , Moll Freek C. P. , Schoon Erik J. , van Lijnschoten Ineke , Tang Thjon J. , van der Valk Hans , Nagengast Wouter B. , Kats-Ugurlu Gursah , Plukker John T. M. , Houben Martin H. M. G. , van der Laan Jaap S. , Pouw Roos E. , Bergman Jacques J. G. H. M. , Meijer Sybren L. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Wijnhoven Bas P. L , de Jonge Pieter Jan F. , Doukas Michael , Bruno Marco J. , Biermann Katharina , Koch Arjun D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is possible after endoscopic resection of early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This study aimed to develop and internally validate a prediction model that estimates the individual risk of metastases in patients with pT1b EAC.
Methods A nationwide, retrospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted in patients with pT1b EAC treated with endoscopic resection and/or surgery between 1989 and 2016. The primary end point was presence of LNM in surgical resection specimens or detection of metastases during follow-up. All resection specimens were histologically reassessed by specialist gastrointestinal pathologists. Subdistribution hazard regression analysis was used to develop the prediction model. The discriminative ability of this model was assessed using the c-statistic.
Results 248 patients with pT1b EAC were included. Metastases were seen in 78 patients, and the 5-year cumulative incidence was 30.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 25.1 %–36.8 %). The risk of metastases increased with submucosal invasion depth (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.08, 95 %CI 1.02–1.14, for every increase of 500 μm), lymphovascular invasion (SHR 2.95, 95 %CI 1.95–4.45), and for larger tumors (SHR 1.23, 95 %CI 1.10–1.37, for every increase of 10 mm). The model demonstrated good discriminative ability (c-statistic 0.81, 95 %CI 0.75–0.86).
Conclusions A third of patients with pT1b EAC experienced metastases within 5 years. The probability of developing post-resection metastases was estimated with a personalized predicted risk score incorporating tumor invasion depth, tumor size, and lymphovascular invasion. This model requires external validation before implementation into clinical practice.
Nasal Septal Perforation Repair with an Inferior Turbinate Flap and Acellular Dermal Matrix
Authors: Mirzai Saeid , Lee Andrew H. , Chi John J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNasal septal perforation is an uncommon disorder that can cause disturbance of nasal physiology. The perforations can vary widely in size, location, and symptomatology. Many different closure techniques have been described in the literature; however, no gold standard has been recognized. The choice of surgical technique usually depends on the characteristics of the perforation and surgeon experience. Due to the goal of perforation repair being restoration of normal nasal physiology, techniques with the best outcomes have been those resurfacing the septum with nasal respiratory mucosa. Here we present our novel surgical method for large (> 2 cm) septal perforation closure using a modification of the inferior turbinate flap repair using a polydioxanone plate and the acellular dermal matrix allograft (Alloderm, Allergan Inc.).
Laparoscopic Lavage in the Management of Hinchey III/IV Diverticulitis
Authors: Kiely Maria X. , Yao Mengdi , Chen Lilian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiverticulitis manifestations may cover a spectrum of mild local inflammation to diffuse feculent peritonitis. Up to 35% of patients presenting with diverticulitis will have purulent (Hinchey grade III) or feculent (Hinchey grade IV) contamination of the abdomen, with a high-associated morbidity and mortality. Surgical management may involve segmental resection with or without restoration of bowel continuity. However, emergency resection for diverticulitis can be associated with high mortality rates, as well as low stoma reversal rates at 1 year. Therefore, laparoscopic peritoneal lavage has been proposed for use in selected patients with purulent peritonitis. The topic of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for the treatment of perforated diverticulitis in the literature has been controversial. Our review of the recent data show that laparoscopic lavage may be safe and feasible in select patients with similar rates of mortality and major morbidity. There is, however, a concern regarding an associated higher rate of postoperative abscess and early reintervention risk.
Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Head Injury in Bangladesh: Perspective from the Largest Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Das Sukriti , Chaurasia Bipin , Ghosh Dipankar , Sarker Asit Chandra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Economic impact is much worse in developing countries like Bangladesh, as victims are frequently male, productive, and breadwinners of the families.
Objectives The objective of our study was to highlight the etiological pattern and distribution of varieties of head injuries in Bangladesh and give recommendations regarding how this problem can be solved or reduce to some extent at least.
Methods From January 2017 to December 2019, a total of 14,552 patients presenting with head injury at emergency got admitted in Neurosurgery department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and were included in this study.
Results The most common age group was 21 to 30 years (36%: 5,239) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Injury was mostly caused by road traffic accident (RTA [58.3%: 8,484]), followed by fall (25%: 3,638) and history of assault (15.3%: 2,226). The common varieties of head injury were: acute extradural hematoma (AEDH [42.30%: 1,987]), skull fracture either linear or depressed (28.86%: 1,347), acute subdural hematoma (ASDH [12.30%: 574]), brain contusion (10.2%: 476), and others (6.04%: 282).
Conclusion RTA is the commonest cause of TBI, and among them motor bike accident is the severe most form of TBI. AEDH is the commonest variety of head injuries. Proper steps taken by the Government, vehicle owners, and drivers, and proper referral system and prompt management in the hospital can reduce the mortality and morbidity from TBI in Bangladesh.
Safety and Effectiveness of Additional Apical Preparation using a Rotary Heat-treated Nickel–Titanium file with Larger Diameter and Minimum Taper in Retreatment of Curved Root Canals
Authors: Pinto Jader Camilo , Torres Fernanda Ferrari Esteves , Santos-Junior Airton Oliveira , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Tanomaru-Filho Mario 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of additional apical preparation using the ProDesign Logic (PDL) 50/.01 rotary heat-treated nickel–titanium (NiTi) file with a larger diameter and minimal taper for retreatment of curved root canals.
Materials and Methods Mesial curved root canals of 12 mandibular molars were prepared using PDL 25/.06 and filled using the continuous wave of condensation technique and AH Plus sealer. After retreatment using ProDesign S (PDS) 25/.08, PDL 25/.06 and PDL 35/05, a complementary procedure was performed with PDL 50/.01. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scanning was performed before and after retreatment procedures. The cyclic fatigue resistance of unused PDS 25/.08, PDL 25/.06, PDL 35/.05 and PDL 50/.01 instruments (n = 12) was evaluated in a stainless-steel device.
Statistical Analysis Data on the volumes of the root canals and the remaining filling materials were submitted to the paired t-test. Cyclic fatigue resistance data was submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05).
Results Use of PDL 50/.01 decreased the remaining filling materials in the apical third (p < 0.05). The root canal volume was similar in the cervical and middle thirds before and after preparation using PDL 50/.01 (p > 0.05). PDL 50/.01 presented the highest cyclic fatigue resistance (p < 0.05).
Conclusions Use of the PDL 50/.01 instrument as an additional apical preparation for retreatment of curved root canals improved filling material removal in the apical third, while maintaining the dentin in the cervical and middle thirds. In addition, PDL 50/.01 presented high-flexural resistance.
Derailed Cardiac Surgical Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic: Concerns and Proposed Solution Strategy
Authors: Vaswani Prateek , Sahu Manoj Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current ongoing novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic has led to reallocation of substantial hospital resources and workforce depriving the institution’s ability to handle the routine caseload. The sustenance of health care would require a comprehensive management plan and focused strategy. The cardiac surgical department would consume majority of critical care resources, hence, a balance should be sought between the resumption of routine surgeries and the emergency unavoidable ones. We have proposed an alternative plan to guide the formulation of a strategic comeback.
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Reduces Cardiac Death in Patients with Peripheral Arteriopathy
Authors: Bonacchi Massimo , Howe Rosemary , Micali Linda Renata , Weigel Daniel , Parise Orlando , Parise Gianmarco , Gelsomino Sandro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) may enhance early outcomes in subjects with peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods We employed a propensity-score (PS) method to compare early postoperative results of OPCAB and on-pump CABG patients with associated PAD. The study population consisted of 1,961 patients: 284 in the OPCAB and 1,677 in the on-pump CABG group. The inverse probability of treatment weighting was used as PS method.Results The incidence of death (1.2% [95% confidence interval, CI: –0.9 to 3.3%], p = 0.262), stroke (2.2% [95% CI: –1.4 to 5.7%], p = 0.235), acute kidney disease (1.5% [95% CI: –3.8 to 6.8%], p = 0.586), limb ischemia (3.2% [95% CI: –0.6 to 7.0%], p = 0.315), and low output syndrome (1.2% [95% CI: –0.9 to 3.3%], p = 0.262) did not differ between the two groups. On the other hand, the rate of cardiac death (1.2% [95% CI: –0.1 to 2.3%], p = 0.038) was significantly higher in on-pump CABG group.Conclusions The OPCAB procedure considerably reduced the occurrence of cardiac death after coronary revascularization. This finding might suggest that the OPCAB procedure should be considered as the first option in patients with higher cardiovascular risk scores. Further research is warranted.
Correlation among Root Canal Configuration, Quality of Filling, and Its Sealability
Authors: Machado Ricardo , Koetz Ricardo , Comparin Daniel , Alberton Luiz Rômulo , da Fonseca Roberti Garcia Lucas , Xavier da Silva Neto Ulisses 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective This study aimed to evaluate the existence of possible correlations among root canal configuration, quality of filling, and its sealability.Materials and Methods Sixty human mandibular central incisors were selected for this study. The teeth were prepared with the Profile 04 system up to instrument 35/0.04 and irrigated with 2.5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite at each instrument change. Root canal filling was performed by the lateral compaction technique, using gutta-percha and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) labeled with 0.1% Rhodamine B dye. Afterward, the specimens were submitted to fluid filtration tests to assess the sealability of the filling. Cross-sections were obtained at −3, −6, and −8 mm from the root apex and submitted to a metallographic treatment to determine the root canal configuration and the percentage of gutta-percha filled areas. The data were statistically analyzed by the Grubbs test. Pairs of correlations were analyzed by applying the Spearman test at a level of significance of 5%.Results No correlation was observed among the analyzed variables as follows: root canal configuration versus filling quality (Spearman’s rho = 0.031); filling quality versus sealability (Spearman’s rho = 0.219); and root canal configuration versus sealability (Spearman’s rho = 0.184).Conclusion The root canal configuration did not affect the quality of the filling and its sealability.
Neural stem cells secreting bispecific T cell engager to induce selective antiglioma activity
Authors: Pituch Katarzyna C. , Zannikou Markella , Ilut Liliana , Xiao Ting , Chastkofsky Michael , Sukhanova Madina , Bertolino Nicola , Procissi Daniele , Amidei Christina , Horbinski Craig M. , Aboody Karen S. , James C. David , Lesniak Maciej S. , Balyasnikova Irina V. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor in adults. The GBM microenvironment is highly immunosuppressive, rendering T cells incapable of recognizing and eliminating malignant cells. We developed bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) that successfully engage patients' T cells to attack and kill GBM expressing interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). Neural stem cells (NSCs) engineered to secrete BiTE migrate readily within the brain tissue to established tumors and produce BiTE protein within the malignant tissue. Treatment of animals bearing IL13Rα2-expressing patient-derived GBM xenografts with therapeutic NSCs resulted in significant survival benefits in mice. These results show an exciting potential of NSCs as a delivery platform for BiTE therapy to improve outcomes for GBM patients.
The amino-terminal domain of GluA1 mediates LTP maintenance via interaction with neuroplastin-65
Authors: Jiang Chao-Hua , Wei Mengping , Zhang Chen , Shi Yun Stone 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Long-term potentiation (LTP), the communication between neurons that is potentiated upon strong stimulus, is an important cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. Mechanistically, LTP expression involves AMPA-type glutamate receptors insertion into synapses (initiation) and trapped at the synapses for an extended period of time (maintenance). Here, we show that the amino-terminal domain of GluA1, a subunit of AMPA receptors, selectively interacts with the adhesion protein Np65, and this interaction is required for the synaptic anchoring of AMPA receptors during LTP. Our study reveals a molecular mechanism underlying GluA1-dependent LTP maintenance.
Pragmatic functions of question-answer sequences in Italian legal examinations and TV interviews with politicians
Authors: Gnisci Augusto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to identify the sequential relationship between coerciveness of questions and equivocation of answers when the same 11 politicians were interviewed on TV, and also examined during a criminal trial. Two observers codified each of the 2,757 question-answer sequences of the sample (37 h of video recordings) for coercion and equivocation. The results show that the coerciveness of questions interacts with the context to determine the equivocation of the answer, and so does the equivocation for determining the coercion of the following question. The interactional asymmetry between politicians and questioners displays opposite patterns in the two contexts: in courtrooms, coercion depends strongly on the equivocation of the answer, but the answer depends more on the coercion exerted by the type of the context; on TV, however, equivocation depends strongly on coercion. The subsequent implications are discussed.
Formulation questions and responses in Korean TV talk show interactions
Authors: Kim Kyu-hyun , Suh Kyung-Hee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the sequence-organizational role of the host’s formulation questions and the guest’s responses in entertainment-oriented Korean talk-shows. Constructed as a ‘follow-up’ re-presenting the upshot of the guest’s response on the host’s terms, the host’s formulation questions mediate sequence expansion through which an ‘information-oriented’ sequence is transited to an ‘affectively-loaded’ assessment sequence. This transition, contingent on the guest’s confirmation, is co-constructively accomplished; the host’s enticement of the guest’s confirmation is embodied in the turn-design features of formulation questions rendering an ‘obvious’ gist of the guest’s response, or indexing the host’s agentivity and empathic stance. The host’s move to implicate the guest in his/her ‘master-sequential’ transition may be resisted, with the guest, through disconfirmation, promoting a master narrative of his/her own.
Utah Farm-Chef-Fork: Linking Rural Growers with Urban Chefs
Authors: Curtis Kynda R. , Roslynn Brain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Utah Farm-Chef-Fork is a State-wide programme set up in 2012 aimed at connecting growers and chefs. The programme’s primary goal is to ‘enhance community vitality and reduce food miles by connecting Utah growers and restaurants’ through workshops, mingles (meet and greets), farm and restaurant tours and other local-sourcing food events.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 14: Utah Farm-Chef-Fork: Linking Rural Growers with Urban Chefs to Enhance local food Sourcing’. In: Slocum, S.L. and Kline, C. (eds)
Linking Urban and Rural Tourism
. CAB International, pp. 202-215.

© CAB International 2017
Managing Cruising and Tourism in the Arctic
Authors: Ward-Perkins David , Mou Jessica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Arctic is a new frontier of tourism. Once considered the world’s largest and best-preserved natural environment, it is home to a fragile ecology and wildlife. The retreat of sea ice has opened it up for development, including for tourism to destinations like Greenland, Svalbard and Northern Russia.

Information
TEAM Tourism Consulting, 2020
© CAB International 2020
Blue Ridge Music Trails
Authors: Jackie Ellis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Blue Ridge Music Trails is an initiative led by the Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership and the North Carolina Arts Council, a division of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources. It is a multi-partner initiative: stakeholders include the arts councils and tourism agencies as facilitators and the music venues, event organizers, musicians and dancers on the front lines. It aims to create a thriving environment for the rich music heritage and traditions of the region to support musicians and residents and share traditional music experiences with visitors to raise interest in the authentic music of the region. In October 2018, Jackie Ellis spoke to Angie Chandler, Executive Director of the Blue Ridge National Heritage Area, and Laura Boosinger, Executive Director of the Madison County Arts Council and the case recounts their insight on this initiative.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 2 Routes, Culture and Human Experience’. In: Ward-Perkins D. et al.,
Tourism Routes and Trails: Theory and Practice
. CABI, p. 16-30.

© CAB International 2020
Managing Carrying Capacity at Arches National Park
Authors: Manning R.E. , Anderson L.E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Visitor use of Arches National Park has grown dramatically in the past few decades and now exceeds 1 million visits annually. This has led to the trampling of fragile soils and vegetation, as well as crowding on trails and at attraction sites. The National Park Service developed and applied its Visitor Experience and Resource Protection framework to measure and manage carrying capacity at Arches; the first national park to use a management-by-objectives framework for this purpose. The process has led to an insightful exploration of the balance between preservation of the environment and visitor experience.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 8 – How Many Visitors is Too Many at Arches?’. In: Manning R.E. and Anderson L.E (eds)
Managing outdoor recreation: case studies in the National Parks
. CABI, pp. 71-75.

© CAB International 2012
Exploring the Case: Tourism Planning in the Slovak High Tatras
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
This case narrates the different stages planning of tourism in a mountainous area of Slovakia over a couple of centuries, with particular attention to the highly structured planning of communist times. It can help academics and students of tourism, economics, history, rural planning and other disciplines understand how such areas were perceived and planned over time and the modern legacy of past planning policies.
For students studying the history of tourism, it provides a valuable perspective on how tourism evolved in the mountain resorts of central Europe and how decisions were taken at a policy level in the post-war communist era. The logic of that period is similar to that of many countries around the world today where planning is centralized.
Exploring the Case: The Challenge of Climate Change for Coastal Tourism in the Azores
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
This case is interesting for researchers and students that are considering the impacts of climate change, the efforts to mitigate it and its relation to tourism.
The case presents a paradox. On the one hand, it addresses the global issue of climate change and the contributions made by the Azores Region towards carbon reduction. At the same time, it looks at climate change through the lens this region’s tourism industry – a primary concern being possible damage to tourism assets.
These two perspectives are – to some extent – contradictory, and readers should separate them clearly in the course of their analysis.
Exploring the Case: Managing Cruising and Tourism in the Arctic
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
This is a story of relevance, urgency and conflict. Suffering more than any other world region from global warming, the Arctic has suddenly become accessible to human activity. The question is: Will we treat it with respect as we have failed to do with so many other natural areas of the planet?
There are many angles to the Arctic story, but the development of passenger shipping – in particular cruises – is a good introduction for professionals and students of tourism.
Exploring the Case: Catalonia, a Food Hub
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
In the second half of the 20th century, many consumers became concerned about the increasing mechanization and standardization of food. At the same time, they were being exposed, through travel and global media, to food from around the world. These two influences have helped shape their perception of the countries concerned.
The perception of the country or region’s food influences the choice of destination of many tourists. That region’s capacity to produce, prepare and serve quality food has become an important tourism asset. The world of tourism and the world of food production have now become, in many destinations, inextricably linked.
Nowhere is this mix – this dependency of one on the other – more evident than in Catalonia, where the connection is made stronger by a reputation for high gastronomy, represented by chefs that are worldwide celebrities.
This is an excellent case for study for those who seek to understand what a food hub is, and how this alchemy works.