bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization extraction of rosemary essential oils using hydrodistillation with extraction kinetics analysis
Authors: Chen Hanyue , Gu Zhanying , Yang Ling , Yang Ruonan , Ji Yaxin , Zeng Qingyang , Xiao Fangmeng , Huang Peng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRosemary (Rosmarinus officinales L. (Labiatae)) is one of the major economic crops in the world, and rosemary essential oil (REO) is one of the top products derived from rosemary and has excellent commercial prospects. Many factors affect the yield of REO extracted by hydrodistillation (HY). This study was proposed to identify and analyze these factors to maximize the yield of essential oils and reduce the cost. First, two different single‐factor extraction experiments were conducted, (1) adding NaCl and (2) using various organs of the plant, to determine the influence of each factor on the oil yield. Based on single‐factor experiments, the orthogonal experiments (L9, 33) were designed to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of rosemary oil. Meanwhile, the kinetic extraction analysis of the test data was carried out. The results revealed that the highest oil yield was achieved when rosemary leaves were crushed to 2 cm, the ratio of water to the material was 1:3, and NaCl concentration was 5%. A simple first‐order kinetic model has also proved to be an acceptable general choice and allows to predict the output of extraction operations overtime accurately and robustly in practice. This study provides a reference scheme for using hydrodistillation to extract rosemary essential oil.
Variations in the structural and functional properties of flaxseed gum from six different flaxseed cultivars
Authors: Ren Xuejiao , He Huili , Li Tuoping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough flaxseed gum (FG) has been widely studied, the differences in its structure and function with respect to various flaxseed cultivars remain unclear. In this study, our objective was to examine the differences between FG samples obtained from different flaxseed cultivars based on their structural and functional properties. Specifically, FG samples from the different cultivars were extracted via hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. Thereafter, they were analyzed via zeta potential measurements, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the different cultivars showed significantly different FG yields (p < .05; range, 5.83%–7.36%). Further, the FTIR spectra of the FG samples were slightly different but showed typical polysaccharide absorption peaks. Furthermore, the XRD patterns obtained predominantly showed an amorphous region and a small crystalline region, while the SEM images obtained at 1,000× magnification revealed that the samples had smooth and irregular surfaces, with a scaly structure. However, at 20,000× magnification, the FG samples showed slight structural differences. Additionally, the zeta potentials of the FG samples (range, −19.4 to −30.6 mV; p < .05) were cultivar‐dependent and indicated the presence of negatively charged macromolecules. This implies that the FG samples from the different cultivars show diverse structural properties. Our findings not only provide useful information regarding FG samples extracted from different cultivars but also serve as a theoretical basis for the application of FG in food processing.
Glial ER and GAP junction mediated Ca2+ waves are crucial to maintain normal brain excitability
Authors: Weiss Shirley , Clamon Lauren C. , Manoim Julia E. , Ormerod Kiel G. , Parnas Moshe , Littleton J. Troy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAstrocytes play key roles in regulating multiple aspects of neuronal function from invertebrates to humans and display Ca2+ fluctuations that are heterogeneously distributed throughout different cellular microdomains. Changes in Ca2+ dynamics represent a key mechanism for how astrocytes modulate neuronal activity. An unresolved issue is the origin and contribution of specific glial Ca2+ signaling components at distinct astrocytic domains to neuronal physiology and brain function. The Drosophila model system offers a simple nervous system that is highly amenable to cell‐specific genetic manipulations to characterize the role of glial Ca2+ signaling. Here we identify a role for ER store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway in perineurial glia (PG), a glial population that contributes to the Drosophila blood–brain barrier. We show that PG cells display diverse Ca2+ activity that varies based on their locale within the brain. Ca2+ signaling in PG cells does not require extracellular Ca2+ and is blocked by inhibition of SOCE, Ryanodine receptors, or gap junctions. Disruption of these components triggers stimuli‐induced seizure‐like episodes. These findings indicate that Ca2+ release from internal stores and its propagation between neighboring glial cells via gap junctions are essential for maintaining normal nervous system function.
Centering Social Justice for Covid‐19 Resources and Research
Authors: Brown Virginia A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the September‐October 2021 issue of the Hastings Center Report, neither the article by MaryKatherine Gaurke et al. nor the article by Alex Rajczi et al. offers a comprehensive analysis of a just allocation of scarce resources—one “rooted in a collective agreement about what constitutes health in/justice.” This omission reflects a larger problem in bioethics: the field's praxis continues to fail to recognize and respond to the obligation to address the fair distribution of burdens and benefits that comes with the principle of justice. This commentary calls on bioethics to incorporate a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) framework as part of its praxis. The cocreation of crisis standards of care with community stakeholders, whether the standards were focused on treatments, vaccines, or novel community‐engagement strategies, could set a new gold standard for the practice of social justice in research.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the ureter
Authors: Okada Shuhei , Ichimura Yasushi , Iinuma Masahiro 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionWe report a rare case of an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the ureter.Case presentationA 77‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital because of left hydronephrosis. Computed tomography showed a tumor in the left ureter, and tumor invasion into the periureteric fat was suspected. Urine cytology showed Eatypical cells whose nuclei were hyperchromatic (class IIIb). The left ureteral tumor was diagnosed as urothelial carcinoma (cT3N0M0) preoperatively. Subsequently, we performed laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as a plasmacytoma. Postoperative positron emission tomography did not reveal abnormal uptake, and bone marrow aspiration findings were normal. Consequently, the left ureter tumor was diagnosed as an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the ureter.ConclusionExtramedullary plasmacytoma commonly occurs in the upper respiratory tract or upper gastrointestinal tract. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the ureter is rare. This is only the fourth reported case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the ureter.
Enterprise Architecture Guide for the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF)
Authors: Martin James N , O'Neil David P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a workflow for creating Enterprise Architecture (EA) views in accordance with the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) standard published by the Object Management Group (OMG). This workflow will be the foundation for a new EA Guide to be published as part of the OMG standard. The nine steps of the workflow are laid out in alignment with the stakeholder domains in the UAF for producing the requisite UAF views in each of those domains. This architecture description method can be used in conjunction with processes for the conceptualization and evaluation of an architecture, and also used as the basis for an EA modeling methodology, architecture development planning, MBSE capability assessment, and modeling project organization. The Guide covers architecting of the enterprise as well as architecting (at a high level) of a major entity within the enterprise. We will provide an understanding of what the Guide will contain and how it could be used.
Resilience Requirements Patterns
Authors: Brtis John S. , McEvilley Michael A. , Pennock Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent years, achieving resilience has become an important objective in many system development efforts. Resilience is defined as a system's ability to deliver required capability in the face of adversity. Developing resilient systems often depends on first establishing good resilience requirements. Resilience requirements are complex compound requirements and developing high quality resilience requirements is a challenge. In this paper we follow both a deductive and inductive approach to identify the critical content and structure of resilience requirements. We develop a pattern that represents that information and model that pattern in three forms, all containing the same information. The three forms are: 1) natural language, 2) entity‐relationship diagram, and 3) an extension to SysML. Having multiple forms makes the pattern easily developed, understood, and validated by stakeholders who are not modeling experts, while at the same time being formal, precise and computationally consumable. The resulting resilience requirements are consistent with systems engineering methodologies and are easily utilized in Model Based Systems Engineering and Digital Engineering environments.
Putting the Social in Systems Engineering: An Overview and Conceptual Development
Authors: Palmer Erika , Rhodes Donna , Watson Michael , Haskins Cecilia , Olaya Camilo , Presland Ian , Fossum Knut 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExpanding the capacity of systems engineering to include evaluating and designing social systems is a desired goal as stated in the INCOSE SE Vision 2025. Systems engineering applications in sociotechnical contexts, from management and organizational to learning and education studies is already documented. There is room for adaptability in systems engineering methodology to accommodate a further reach into the social domain. The growing interest in this expansion is leading to the establishment of the term: social systems engineering. Social systems engineering is a reciprocal relationship between systems engineering and the social sciences. More specifically this means: 1) adapting/applying systems engineering methods/tools in a range of social policy areas in industry, government and academia; and 2) developing/applying social science theory and methods for the integration of teams and communities that are engineering systems. In this paper, we provide an overview of the history of social systems engineering and develop the concept to provide systems engineers with a conceptual foundation for using social systems in their systems engineering practice.
Evaluation of protein content and antimicrobial activity of biomass fromSpirulinacultivated with residues from the brewing process
Authors: Pereira Larissa T , Lisboa Cristiane R , Costa Jorge AV , da Rosa Leonardo M , de Carvalho Lisiane F 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpirulinais a microalga that has a high protein content, in addition to having nutritional and pharmaceutical properties; therefore, it is a potential source for obtaining bioactive peptides. The obtaining of biocomposites of interest from microalgal biomass can be influenced by factors of cultivation, such as aeration, temperature, culture medium, and pH. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the protein contents and antimicrobial activity of hydrolyzed and non‐hydrolyzed biomass of theSpirulinamicroalgae grown under optimized conditions of the brewing residue by applying Design of Experiments (DOE) framework. The influence of airflow and concentration of brewing residue on microalgal culture was firstly analyzed using the Design of Experiments technique. The cultivation was carried out on a larger scale with subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the microalgal protein extract to analyze the hydrolysis degree, protein content, and antimicrobial activity.RESULTSThe results obtained indicated that there are no significant effects of the factors evaluated on the response variables. However, the obtained biomass showed a high protein content, above 51.88%. Regarding the extraction and hydrolysis of microalgae proteins, a degree of hydrolysis of 52.28% was obtained; however, the analyzed samples did not show antimicrobial activity under the studied conditions.CONCLUSIONThus, it is demonstrated that the cultivation ofSpirulinawith residues from the brewing process has the potential for obtaining compounds of interest, such as proteins. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Possibilities and limits of a student‐led, near‐peer mentoring initiative for first‐year dental students
Authors: Dudley Lauren , Menon Rhea , Mosleh Tarah , Leadbeatter Delyse 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectivesDental students face many challenges throughout their education. Peer mentoring programs can support students and help manage pressures associated with dental school, although few studies have researched student‐led peer mentoring. The aim of this study was to explore the possibilities and limits of student‐led, near‐peer mentoring in a dental program.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study on the tooth bud program (TBP), a student‐led, near‐peer mentoring program at a research‐intensive university. Eligible study participants were Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) students who participated in the TBP as a first‐year mentee and/or second‐year mentor between 2017 and 2020. Twenty‐two participants and one program founder were interviewed about their experiences and involvement in peer mentoring. A thematic analysis was employed, and Brownlie and Anderson's sociology of kindness provided a theoretical analytical framework.ResultsThree themes represented participant perspectives of the TBP: Firstly, students desired to build a community but had to manage inherent hierarchies. Secondly, participants appreciated that the TBP was a student‐led initiative, but its unstructured and informal nature brought challenges. Thirdly, mentoring experiences and the ways mentors and mentees navigated their pairings were identified.ConclusionsMentoring was founded in the shared experience of studying dentistry and allowed mentor‐mentee pairs to establish kinship and progress relationships. Kindness acts as an infrastructure to guide interactions; however, underdeveloped kinship may hinder mentoring. Thus, the peer mentoring program researched provides value to mentees and mentors and allows participants to benefit from becoming part of a student‐led, professional community.
Maternal LiCl exposure disrupts thyroid–cerebral axis in neonatal albino rats
Authors: Mohammed Dena A. E. , Ahmed Rasha R. , R. G. Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to elucidate whether maternal lithium chloride (LiCl) exposure disturbs the thyroid–cerebral axis in neonatal albino rats. 50 mg of LiCl/kg b.wt. is orally given for pregnant Wistar rats from gestational day (GD) 1 to lactation day (LD) 28. The maternal administration of LiCl induced follicular dilatation and degeneration, hyperplasia, lumen obliteration and colloid vacuolation in the maternal and neonatal thyroid gland at postnatal days (PNDs) 14, 21 and 28. Neuronal degeneration (spongiform), gliosis, nuclear pyknosis, perivascular oedema, and meningeal hyperaemia were observed in the neonatal cerebral cortex of the maternal LiCl‐treated group at examined PNDs. This disturbance appears to depend on intensification in the neonatal cerebral malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, and attenuation in the glutathione (GSH), total thiol (t‐SH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. In the neonatal cerebrum, the fold change in the relative mRNA expression of deiodinases (DII and DIII) increased significantly at PNDs 21 and 14, respectively, in the maternal LiCl‐treated group. These data suggest that maternal LiCl may perturb the thyroid–cerebrum axis generating neonatal neurodevelopmental disorder.
Long‐term functional correction of cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency in mice by adeno‐associated viral gene therapy
Authors: Lee Hyung‐Ok , Salami Christiana O. , Sondhi Dolan , Kaminsky Stephen M. , Crystal Ronald G. , Kruger Warren D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) deficiency is a recessive inborn error of sulfur metabolism characterized by elevated blood levels of total homocysteine (tHcy). Patients diagnosed with CBS deficiency are currently treated by a combination of vitamin supplementation and restriction of foods containing the homocysteine precursor methionine, but the effectiveness of this therapy is limited due to poor compliance. A mouse model for CBS deficiency (Tg‐I278T Cbs−/−) was used to evaluate a potential gene therapy approach to treat CBS deficiency utilizing an AAVrh.10‐based vector containing the human CBS cDNA downstream of the constitutive, strong CAG promoter (AAVrh.10hCBS). Mice were administered a single dose of virus and followed for up to 1 year. The data demonstrated a dose‐dependent increase in liver CBS activity and a dose‐dependent decrease in serum tHcy. Liver CBS enzyme activity at 1 year was similar to Cbs+/− control mice. Mice given the highest dose (5.6 × 1011 genomes/mouse) had mean serum tHcy decrease of 97% 1 week after injection and an 81% reduction 1 year after injection. Treated mice had either full‐ or substantial correction of alopecia, bone loss, and fat mass phenotypes associated with Cbs deficiency in mice. Our findings show that AAVrh.10‐based gene therapy is highly effective in treating CBS deficiency in mice and supports additional pre‐clinical testing for eventual use human trials.
Persistent Cough as a Predictor of Poor Responsiveness in Asthma Patients
Authors: Amador Eulalia M. , Cabrera Claudia I. , Benninger Michael S. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study is to establish a correlation between persistent cough (PC) and asthma diagnosis and its severity. We hypothesize that patients with past or current diagnosis of PC may have more severe asthma diagnosis and thus poor responsiveness to treatment.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 699 charts that had a positive immunoglobulin E (IgE) allergy blood test between 2014 and 2018, and a positive asthma diagnosis. Patient demographics and asthma severity parameters such as number of clinic and emergency department (ED) visits, asthma treatment, and number of medications were recorded, as well as PC diagnosis. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the likelihood of severe asthma diagnosis in patients with PC.ResultsA total of 55% of patients were treated with oral corticosteroids in the PC group, compared to 41% in those without (P < .001). The mean number of hospitalizations from the ED was higher for patients with PC 0.65 (2.47) versus 0.38 (1.18) P < .05. Patients with asthma and PC, positive to lamb's quarter 2.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63, 5.22; P < .001), showed a higher likelihood of ED visits. Positivity to cat dander 2.09 (95% CI 1.03, 4.59; P < .05), lamb's quarter 2.96 (95% CI 1.50, 5.79; P < .002), dog dander 3.37 (95% CI 1.54, 8.45; P < .004) showed a higher likelihood of hospitalizations due to asthma.ConclusionPatients with PC, especially those with a positive IgE allergy class test to cat dander, dog dander, house dust, Alternaria tenuis, or lamb's quarter can have a more severe asthmatic presentation.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1719–1722, 2022
Kaempferol Incorporated Bovine Serum Albumin Fibrous Films for Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors: Yin Chuanjin , Liu Yalu , Qi Xueju , Guo Chuanlong , Wu Xiaochen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe possibility of using drug loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) porous films as therapeutic contact lenses is investigated. Kaempferol (KAE), a hydrophobic antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agent, is incorporated into BSA porous films to form BSA/KAE films. The BSA/KAE films are transparent in the visible wavelength range of the human eye, possessing high water content and good cytocompatibility. A prolonged and sustained drug release is observed, and the in vivo efficacy of BSA/KAE films is better than the individual KAE. BSA/KAE films promoted the corneal re‐epithelialization, inhibited neovascularization, and reduced the inflammation of an alkali burn induced corneal injury model. The study demonstrates the promising potential of BSA/KAE films as therapeutic contact lenses for the treatment of corneal injury, builds an available ocular drug delivery platform for ocular diseases.
Bernoulli randomness and Bernoulli normality
Authors: DeLapo Andrew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne can consider μ‐Martin‐Löf randomness for a probability measure μ on 2ω, such as the Bernoulli measure given . We study Bernoulli randomness of sequences in with parameters , and we reintroduce Bernoulli normality, where the uniform distribution of digits is replaced with a Bernoulli distribution. We prove the equivalence of three characterizations of Bernoulli normality. We show that every Bernoulli random real is Bernoulli normal, and this has the corollary that the set of Bernoulli normal reals has full Bernoulli measure in . We give an algorithm for computing Bernoulli normal sequences from normal sequences so that we can give explicit examples of Bernoulli normal reals. We investigate an application of randomness to iterated function systems. Finally, we list a few further questions relating to Bernoulli randomness and Bernoulli normality.
Screening of Clinically Approved and Investigation Drugs as Potential Inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2: A Combinedin silicoandin vitroStudy
Authors: Durdagi Serdar , Orhan Muge Didem , Aksoydan Busecan , Calis Seyma , Dogan Berna , Sahin Kader , Shahraki Aida , Iyison Necla Birgül , Avsar Timucin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we used 7922 FDA approved small molecule drugs as well as compounds in clinical investigation from NIH's NPC database in our drug repurposing study. SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease as well as Spike protein/ACE2 targets were used in virtual screening and top‐100 compounds from each docking simulations were considered initially in short molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and their average binding energies were calculated by MM/GBSA method. Promising hit compounds selected based on average MM/GBSA scores were then used in long MD simulations. Based on these numerical calculations following compounds were found as hit inhibitors for the SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease: Pinokalant, terlakiren, ritonavir, cefotiam, telinavir, rotigaptide, and cefpiramide. In addition, following 3 compounds were identified as inhibitors for Spike/ACE2: Denopamine, bometolol, and rotigaptide. In order to verify the predictions of in silico analyses, 4 compounds (ritonavir, rotigaptide, cefotiam, and cefpiramide) for the main protease and 2 compounds (rotigaptide and denopamine) for the Spike/ACE2 interactions were tested by in vitro experiments. While the concentration‐dependent inhibition of the ritonavir, rotigaptide, and cefotiam was observed for the main protease; denopamine was effective at the inhibition of Spike/ACE2 binding.