bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of energy input on the strength and hardness of welded joints
Authors: Kästner Thoralf , Stroetmann Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe changes in mechanical properties due to local energy input are important for welded joints. This affects both the base material in the area of the heat‐affected zone and the resulting weld seam. Extensive investigations on the influence of the cooling time t8/5, which is representative of the energy input, were carried out on a newly developed test specimen for determining the mechanical properties of welds. From these investigations, functional relationships between the strength class of the filler metal, the t8/5 time and the mechanical properties of the weld seam were derived. In order to evaluate the influence of multi‐layer welding, hardness measurements were carried out on individual weld beads at different levels of the welded joint. Furthermore, the relationship between the local hardness values and the integrally determined tensile strength was investigated.
Strain Design Limit for Hollow Section Joints
Authors: Kožich Matyáš , Jehlička Petr , Kuříková Marta , Wald František , Bu Xiao‐Ding , Packer Jeffrey A. , Kabeláč Jaromír 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on discussions over establishing the design resistance of hollow section joints, which have now been ongoing for 30 years. The question arose once physical experiments could be replaced by numerical tests and was temporary solved by agreement on a displacement limit within IIW. With the advent of design by finite element (FE) solutions, and the application of high‐strength steels, it is being raised once more.A number of design guides and standards, with considerable international consensus, now exist for the design of welded hollow section joints in onshore and offshore construction. These, however, typically cover relatively standardized joint types, geometries and loading cases. In the event of unusual joints, it is now common for finite element modelling to be performed, but specific guidance needs to be provided on acceptable FE modelling procedures and the interpretation of the output, in order for a suitable joint design resistance to be determined. Towards this objective, this paper describes appropriate FE modelling and ultimate limit states that can be used; in particular, a 5 % ultimate strain limit state. Application of these ultimate limit states is demonstrated using validated FE models for RHS‐to‐RHS (rectangular hollow section) X‐joints and branch plate‐to‐CHS (circular hollow section) joints, with branches loaded in axial compression.
Numerical assessment of stainless steel tubular T‐joints subjected to brace and chord axial forces
Authors: Nogueira Mateus M. , de Lima Luciano R. O. , da S. Vellasco Pedro C. G. , Young Ben 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe utilisation of tubular sections in steel structures has increased significantly worldwide. The use of stainless steel provides several benefits for structures, including high corrosion resistance, durability, fire resistance and ease of maintenance. A significant issue in the design of tubular structures is the joints failure since they are highly susceptible to local failures that influence their actual overall behavior. The design rules of welded carbon steel tubular joints are available, such as Eurocode 3, part 1‐8, NBR 16239, ISO 14346 and CIDECT guides. When stainless steel tubular joints are considered, the AS/NZS 4673 Australian/New Zealand Standard is the only available specification that can be used. An experimental and numerical analysis of these tubular joints are recommended since they enable a more accurate evaluation of their structural performance. Concerning these aspects, this work aims to investigate stainless steel tubular T‐joints fabricated by SHS and RHS cold‐formed profiles that focused on the effect of chord pre‐loading. For this purpose, a numerical study based on finite element analysis was performed. The finite element model was developed and calibrated against experiments. The results were subsequently compared with the aforementioned design predictions.
The influence of driving imperfections on the water pressure resistance of HZ®‐M/AZ walls
Authors: Chrzanowski Maciej , Boueiz Perla El , Matos Rui , Zillgen Heiko , Even Boris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe HZ®‐M/AZ system is widely used around the world as an efficient retaining wall solution, mainly in port structures and deep excavations. The use of walls made up of AZ infill steel sheet piles and HZ®‐M king piles, is one of the main solutions for high retaining quay walls. When the wall is subjected to high hydraulic pressure, the wall behaviour under this load case is one of the topics of high importance.The resistance to water pressure of the nominal systems can be found in the dedicated ArcelorMittal brochure “The HZ®‐M Steel Wall System 2020”.Tolerable driving imperfections are agreed between the contractual parties. The final position of the HZ®‐M bearing elements will lead to an actual wall geometry which, in some rare cases, can affect the stress state of the wall elements subject to high water pressure.This paper tackles the topic of the effect of these driving imperfections on the HZ®‐M/AZ wall, related to misplacements of the HZ®‐M piles and the corresponding consequence on the wall resistance to water pressure.Based on validated numerical models, an analytical tool is now available, allowing a quick assessment of the actual water pressure resistance of HZ®‐M/AZ walls with respect of measured driving imperfections at site.
Lithium‐based Loop for Ambient‐Pressure Ammonia Synthesis in a Liquid Alloy‐Salt Catalytic System
Authors: Tang Zujian , Meng Xian , Shi Yue , Guan Xiaofei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Haber‐Bosch process for ammonia (NH3) production in industry relies on high temperature and high pressure and is therefore highly energy intensive. In addition, the activity of the solid transition metal‐based catalysts used is typically limited by the scaling relation between activation barrier for N2 dissociation and nitrogen‐binding energy. Here, an innovative Li‐based loop in a liquid alloy‐salt catalytic system for ambient‐pressure NH3 synthesis from N2 and H2 was developed. The looping process consisted of three reaction steps taking place simultaneously. The first step was the nitrogen fixation by Li in the liquid Li−Sn alloy to form lithium nitride (Li3N), which floated up and dissolved into the molten salt. The second step was the hydrogenation of the Li3N to produce NH3 and lithium hydride (LiH) in the molten salt. The third step was the decomposition of the LiH to regenerate Li in the presence of Sn. An average NH3 yield rate of 0.025 μg s−1 was achieved in an 81 h test at 510 °C and ambient pressure. The floating and dissolution of Li3N realized in the liquid catalytic system enabled circumventing the scaling relation exerted on Li, and the remarkable properties of liquid alloy and molten salt offered extraordinary advantages for NH3 synthesis at ambient pressure.
Enhancing cross‐cultural evaluation practice through kaupapa Māori evaluation and boundary critique: Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Hepi Maria , Foote Jeff , Ahuriri‐Driscoll Annabel , Rogers‐Koroheke Marara , Taimona Hone , Clark Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Aotearoa New Zealand, concern about the impact of colonisation and experience of institutional racism has led to calls for evaluative practice to be firmly grounded in a Māori worldview to reflect indigenous values and avoid deficit framings. With this in mind, our evaluation projects have been informed by a blend of kaupapa Māori evaluation and boundary critique to ensure that our systemic inquiries were responsive to hapū aspirations. We focus on the role that boundary critique played in supporting our cross‐cultural evaluation practice. Applying boundary critique enabled the expansion of the evaluand to encompass hapū values and outcomes from a te ao Māori/hapū perspective. We posit that boundary critique is useful when undertaking cross‐cultural evaluations as it provides a way to make explicit the different values of te ao Māori (the Māori world) and te ao Pākehā (the Western World).
“Leveling up” for change: Application of a multilevel system capacity change model to evaluate U.S. Department of Defense global health engagement activities
Authors: Reed Eva , Harwood James , Jackson Jessica L. A. , Gebreyesus Tsega 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvaluating within complex systems is challenging because of how complexity affects the identification and observation of outcomes. U.S. Department of Defense (U.S. DoD) capacity building global health engagements are often difficult to measure due to the conflation of levels of analysis and confounding variables, hindering the explanation of change effects. This article will illustrate two case examples where a boundary‐driven systems framework was utilized to integrate systems thinking into U.S. DoD capacity building programs and associated evaluations. The findings from the first case led to developing a theory of change that was later tested and refined in the second case to establish the multilevel system (MLS) concept model. Based on these findings, the four distinct system boundaries and subcomponents of the MLS concept model were refined to include changes within the organizational system. The development of the MLS model allowed for the explicit framing of efforts, measurement and analysis, and the alignment of program activities and observed outcomes; while still allowing for the illumination of emergent change effects in a complex system.
Individual differences in representational similarity of first and second languages in the bilingual brain
Authors: Nichols Emily S. , Gao Yue , Fregni Sofia , Liu Li , Joanisse Marc F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCurrent theories of bilingualism disagree on the extent to which separate brain regions are used to maintain or process one's first and second language. The present study took a novel multivariate approach to address this question. We examined whether bilinguals maintain distinct neural representations of two languages; specifically, we tested whether brain areas that are involved in processing word meaning in either language are reliably representing each language differently, and whether language representation is influenced by individual differences in proficiency level and age of acquisition (AoA) of L2. Thirty‐one English–Mandarin bilingual adults performed a picture–word matching task in both languages. We then used representational similarity analysis to examine which brain regions reliably showed different patterns of activity for each language. We found that both proficiency and AoA predicted dissimilarity between language representations in several brain areas within the language network as well as several regions of the ventral visual pathway, demonstrating that top‐down language knowledge and individual language experience shapes concept representation in this processing stream. The results support the model of an integrated language system in bilinguals, along with a novel description of how representations for each language change with proficiency level and L2 AoA.
Cumulative menstrual months and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status and ethnicity: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities Study
Authors: Cole Sarah E. , John Esther M. , Hines Lisa M. , Phipps Amanda I. , Koo Jocelyn , Ingles Sue A. , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Slattery Martha L. , McKean‐Cowden Roberta , Wu Anna H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReproductive and hormonal factors may influence breast cancer risk via endogenous estrogen exposure. Cumulative menstrual months (CMM) can be used as a surrogate measure of this exposure. Using harmonized data from four population‐based breast cancer studies (7284 cases and 7242 controls), we examined ethnicity‐specific associations between CMM and breast cancer risk using logistic regression, adjusting for menopausal status and other risk factors. Higher CMM was associated with increased breast cancer risk in non‐Hispanic Whites, Hispanics and Asian Americans regardless of menopausal status (all FDR adjusted P trends = .0004), but not in African Americans. In premenopausal African Americans, there was a suggestive trend of lower risk with higher CMM. Stratification by body mass index (BMI) among premenopausal African American women showed a nonsignificant positive association with CMM in nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) women and a significant inverse association in obese women (OR per 50 CMM = 0.56, 95% CI 0.37‐0.87, Ptrend = .03). Risk patterns were similar for hormone receptor positive (HR+; ER+ or PR+) breast cancer; a positive association was found in all premenopausal and postmenopausal ethnic groups except in African Americans. HR− (ER− and PR−) breast cancer was not associated with CMM in all groups combined, except for a suggestive positive association among premenopausal Asian Americans (OR per 50 CMM = 1.33, P = .07). In summary, these results add to the accumulating evidence that established reproductive and hormonal factors impact breast cancer risk differently in African American women compared to other ethnic groups, and also differently for HR− breast cancer than HR+ breast cancer.
An automated approach for fringe frequency estimation and removal in infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging of biological samples
Authors: Solheim Johanne Heitmann , Borondics Ferenc , Zimmermann Boris , Sandt Christophe , Muthreich Florian , Kohler Achim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn infrared spectroscopy of thin film samples, interference introduces distortions in spectra, commonly referred to as fringes. Fringes may alter absorbance peak ratios, which hampers the spectral analysis. We have previously introduced extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) for fringes correction. In the current article, we provide a robust open‐source algorithm for fringe correction in infrared spectroscopy and propose several improvements to the Fringe EMSC model. The suggested algorithm achieves a more precise fringe frequency estimation by mean centering of the measured spectrum and applying a window function prior to the Fourier transform. It selects two frequencies from a user defined number of maxima in the Fourier domain. The improved Fringe EMSC algorithm is validated on two experimental datasets, one of them being a hyperspectral image. Techniques for separating sample spectra from background spectra in hyperspectral images, and techniques to identify spectra affected by fringes are also provided.
Scientific premise for the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)
Authors: Kashir Junaid , Ambia Ayesha Rahman , Shafqat Areez , Sajid Muhammad Raihan , AlKattan Khaled , Yaqinuddin Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFollowing on from the devastating spread of COVID-19, a major global priority has been the production, procurement, and distribution of effective vaccines to ensure that the global pandemic reaches an end. However, concerns were raised about worrying side effects, particularly the occurrence of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after administration of the Oxford/AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 vaccine, in a phenomenon being termed vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Similar to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), this condition has been associated with the development of anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies, purportedly leading to neutrophil-platelet aggregate formation. Although thrombosis has also been a common association with COVID-19, the precise molecular mechanisms governing its occurrence are yet to be established. Recently, increasing evidence highlights the NLRP3 (NOD-like, leucine-rich repeat domains, and pyrin domain-containing protein) inflammasome complex along with IL-1β and effete neutrophils producing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through NETosis. Herein, we propose and discuss that perhaps the incidence of VITT may be due to inflammatory reactions mediated via IL-1β/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent overproduction of NETs, where similar autoimmune mechanisms are observed in HIT. We also discuss avenues by which such modalities could be treated to prevent the occurrence of adverse events and ensure vaccine rollouts remain safe and on target to end the current pandemic.
Immunogenicity after two doses of inactivated virus vaccine in healthcare workers with and without previous COVID‐19 infection: Prospective observational study
Authors: Yalçın Tuğba Y. , Topçu Deniz İ. , Doğan Özlem , Aydın Saliha , Sarı Nuran , Erol Çiğdem , Kuloğlu Zeynep E. , Azap Özlem K. , Can Füsun , Arslan Hande 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVaccines have been seen as the most important solution for ending the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibody levels after inactivated virus vaccination. We included 148 healthcare workers (74 with prior COVID‐19 infection and 74 with not). They received two doses of inactivated virus vaccine (CoronaVac). Serum samples were prospectively collected three times (Days 0, 28, 56). We measured SARS‐CoV‐2 IgGsp antibodies quantitatively and neutralizing antibodies. After the first dose, antibody responses did not develop in 64.8% of the participants without prior COVID‐19 infection. All participants had developed antibody responses after the second dose. We observed that IgGsp antibody titers elicited by a single vaccine dose in participants with prior COVID‐19 infection were higher than after two doses of vaccine in participants without prior infection (geometric mean titer: 898 and 607 AU/ml). IgGsp antibodies, participants with prior COVID‐19 infection had higher antibody levels as geometric mean titers at all time points (p < 0.001). We also found a positive correlation between IgGsp antibody titers and neutralizing capacity (rs = 0.697, p < 0.001). Although people without prior COVID‐19 infection should complete their vaccination protocol, the adequacy of a single dose of vaccine is still in question for individuals with prior COVID‐19. New methods are needed to measure the duration of protection of vaccines and their effectiveness against variants as the world is vaccinated. We believe quantitative IgGsp values may reflect the neutralization capacity of some vaccines.
Optimized deeplearning‐basedattack detection framework for secure virtualized infrastructures in cloud
Authors: Gupta Bhavana , Mishra Nishchol 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVirtualization is the foundation of cloud computing process and allows more effective utilization of physical computer hardware. Virtualization technologies are used in various tasks for the improvement of operating systems. Virtualization is meant for enabling the entire representation of cloud computing systems on normal speed. Still, the scale of virtualized environments and its complexity is found to be difficult in this process. This paper introduces a security analytics method in virtualized infrastructure for detecting the attacks of cloud computing. As the work relies on big data issues based on the features of network behavior, the detection phase is processed under two major phases: (1) feature extraction and (2) classification. In the feature extraction phase, proposed holoentropy features are extracted along with exponential moving average features. These extracted features are then subjected to the classification process, where the optimized DBN is used to detect the presence of an attack in network. To make the detection more accurate, the weights are optimally tuned by a new hybrid elephant monarch algorithm that helps in DBN learning. At last, the performance of the proposed work is computed over other traditional models in terms of certain measures.
NIR Light Stimulated Self‐Healing Reduced Tungsten Oxide/Polyurethane Nanocomposite Based on the Diels−Alder Reaction
Authors: Motora Kebena Gebeyehu , Wu Chang‐Mou , Chang Cheng‐Chieh , Liao Jui‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCracks formed in materials can influence the performances and shorten their lifetime. Self‐healing materials can repair cracks caused by mechanical damage using external stimuli, which increases their safety, extend their service life, and can save renovation costs. In this work, a novel thermo‐responsive linear Diels‐Alder polyurethane (DAPU) and reduced tungsten oxide (WO3−x) (W‐DAPU) is developed for the first time. Its near‐infrared (NIR) light‐induced self‐healing properties are evaluated using qualitative optical observation and quantitative tensile measurements. The NIR light‐induced self‐healing and photothermal conversion property of W‐DAPU is also systematically investigated. The results show that linear DAPU has an excellent thermo‐reversible self‐healing efficiency of 94.8% and heals within 6 s due to the presence of a DA bond. In addition, the W‐DAPU has a self‐healing efficiency of 83.2% with outstanding photothermal conversion. This study paves the way to design and fabricate stimuli‐responsive nanocomposite materials for various applications.
Combination of absorptive notch filter and tunable dual‐band conventional notch filter
Authors: Bayati Mohammad Sajjad , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Hadi , Makki Seyed Vahab Al‐Din 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new kind of absorptive bandstop filter composing three series‐coupled lines is designed, investigated, and fabricated. The proposed circuit is indeed a combination of a dual‐band conventional notch filter and a single‐band absorptive filter generating two conventional and an absorptive notch. More precisely, the circuit introduces a fixed absorptive notch at 4.22 GHz and two electronically tunable (approximately 20%) conventional notches at 1.62–2 and 4.71–5.75 GHz, respectively. Besides, the FBWs of the first conventional notch, the second one, and the absorptive notch are 5.5 ± 1, 3.5 ± 1, and 3 ± 1%, respectively. The instantaneous surface current density of the circuit is depicted to investigate the generation of notches. The circuit has a compact size of 44.7 × 11.85 mm2 equaling to 0.489 × 0.129 ; moreover, it can successfully absorb more than 98% of the input power at its absorptive notch.