bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case study analysis of end of life care development: A social movement perspective
Authors: Tam Kuai In , Haycock-Stuart Elaine , Rhynas Sarah J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The modern hospice movement is often recognised as a social movement. However, such understanding is primarily based on historic reflection and this approach has lacked theoretical exploration. The modern hospice movement has not been examined by way of any social movement theory.
Aim

This study addressed the theoretical
gap in understanding the end of life care (EoLC) development in
Macao China.
Focusing on the Chinese socio-cultural context, this study explored the EoLC movement through the social movement theory, the Framing Perspective, as proposed by Snow and Benford in 1988.
Methods
A case study approach was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were held between 2012 and 2013, with pioneers (n = 11) of the EoLC in Macao. Thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the interviews.
Results
The EoLC development in Macao can be understood as a social movement. The Framing Perspective analysis illuminated that there was both growth and stagnation of the EoLC movement. Three themes emerged: 1) the suffering of people at the end of their lives was considered as a social problem needed to be addressed urgently, 2) the incoherent EoLC strategies developed by pioneers indicated the lack of internal ideological cohesion within the movement, 3) external constraints contributed to the stagnation of the movement.
Conclusions
The Framing Perspective provided a theoretical way to understand the emergence of EoLC; offering a novel perspective to conceptualise the modern hospice movement. This sociological and theoretical lens opened up new ways for future research to study the emergence of EoLC in different socio-cultural contexts.
Genetic Analysis of colorectal carcinoma using high throughput SNP genotyping technique within the population of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Sharma Bhanu , Angurana Shabab , Bhat Amrita , Verma Sonali , Bakshi Divya , Bhat Ghulam Rasool , Amin Asif , Jamwal Rajeshwer Singh , Qadri Raies Ahmed , Shah Ruchi , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
SNP genotyping has become increasingly more common place to understand the genetic basis of complex diseases like cancer. SNP-genotyping through massARRAY is a cost-effective method to quantitatively analyse the variation of gene expression in multiple samples, making it a potential tool to identify the underlying causes of colorectal carcinogenesis.
Methods
In the present study, SNP genotyping was carried out using Agena mass ARRAY, which is a cost-effective, robust, and sensitive method to analyse multiple SNPs simultaneously. We analysed 7 genes in 492 samples (100 cases and 392 controls) associated with CRC within the population of Jammu and Kashmir. These SNPs were selected based on their association with multiple cancers in literature.
Results
This is the first study to explore these SNPs with colorectal cancer within the J&K population.7 SNPs with a call rate of 90% were selected for the study. Out of these, one SNP i.e. rs2229080 of DCC was found to be significantly associated with the current study and 6 were non-significantly associated with CRC within the studied population. The allelic OR observed for the variant rs2229080 of DCC was 1.5 (1.1–2.3 at 95% CI), p value = 0.02.
Conclusion
This is the first study to find the relation of Genetic variants with the colorectal cancer within the studied population using high throughput mass ARRAY technology. It is further anticipated that the variants should be evaluated in other population groups that may aid in understanding the genetic complexity and bridge the missing heritability.
Pregnant Supports on Hemodynamics Responses during Postural Changes and Daily Physical Activities: a randomized control trial
Authors: Masodsai Kunanya , Buranapuntulug Sasipa , Jamkrajang Parunchaya , Chen Pei-Ni , Chaunchaiyakul Rungchai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPregnant supports have been designed to prevent structural deviations but may impair blood circulation of the lower limbs, in particular during the last trimester. In this study, we evaluate the effect of different pregnant supports on hemodynamics responses during postural changes and daily physical activities.MethodsTwelve last-trimester healthy pregnant women participated in this study. With randomized supports of casual wear (CW), pelvic band (PB), and pregnant pants (PP), subjects performed postural changes (standing and side lying using sitting as control), daily physical activities (climbing up and down stairs, lifting, sit-to-stand, and 10 min walking), and routine pregnant exercises. Hemodynamic responses including heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, local blood flow, and perfusion around the ankle were measured at the end of the 1st and 3rd minute after wearing pregnant supports.ResultsStanding position in CW group showed hemodynamic compensations via increasing diastolic blood pressure (DBP, 1st minute) and heart rate (HR, 3rd minute), whereas there were no significant changes in the PB and PP groups. Side lying position lowered cardiac responses in all groups, with higher blood perfusion in CW and PB, but not in PP. Cardiac variables, blood flows, and perfusions showed no significant difference among pregnant supports during daily physical activities, and routine pregnant exercises. The satisfaction evaluation on daily activities and routine exercises showed no difference among pregnant supports but the preferential pregnant support is PB.ConclusionIt can be concluded that PB offers similar hemodynamic adjustments during postural changes as casual wear. PB support is recommended for pregnant women for daily physical activities, as well as routine exercises. Trial registration: The trial is retrospectively registered in http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th (01/02/2021) with trial no: TCTR20210201003.
The lifting force of an airplane wing when flying horizontally at high speeds. Explanation of the vortex trail.
Authors: Braginsky Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an explanation is given of the lift force of an airplane during horizontal flight. It is shown that during a flight, five vertical forces act on the airplane: gravity; pressure gradient with a minus sign; Archimedes force; potential force and the vortex force obtained from the action minimum. The first three forces were known before. The potential force was also known from the Bernoulli equation, but its effect on the airfoil from the air had not previously been taken into account. The vortex force obtained from the minimum action in the application to a continuous medium was not taken into account in aerodynamics. In horizontal flight the vortex force is directed upwards, it compensates for the gravity of the airplane at high speed commensurate with the speed of sound. The paper provides an explanation of the vortex trail behind the airplane, mentioned in the Millennium problem Navier-Stokes equation.
Compassionate use of rectal Ozone (O3) in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study.
Authors: Fernández-Cuadros Marcos Edgar , Albaladejo-Florín María Jesús , Alava-Rabasa Sandra , Gallego-Galiana Juan , Pérez-Cruz Gerardo Fabiel , Usandizaga-Elio Isabel , Pacios Enrique , Torres-Garcia David , Peña-Lora Daiana , Casique-Bocanegra Luz , López-Muñoz María Jesús , Rodríguez-de-Cía Javier , Pérez-Moro Olga Susana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate effect of rectal Ozone in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and to compare to Standard-of-care (SOC). Material and Methods: In a case-control study, 14 patients with severe bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia (positive RT-PCR), treated with SOC and rectal Ozone, were evaluated before-and-after treatment and compared with SOC (14 patients) in a 10 day follow-up period. Ozone-protocol consisted of 8 sessions (1 session/day) of intra-rectal Ozone, (150mL volume, 35mg/ml concentration [5.25mg total dose]). The SOC-protocol included O 2- supply, antivirals (Remdesivir), corticosteroids (Dexamethasone/Metilprednisolone), monoclonal antibodies (Anakinra/Tocilizumab), antibiotics (Azytromicine), anticoagulants (Enoxaparine) and hyperimmune serum (if necessary). Primary outcome variables: a) clinical (O 2- saturation and O 2- supply); b) biochemical (Lymphocyte count, Fibrinogen, D-Dimer, Urea, Ferritin, LDH, IL-6 and CRP); c) radiological Taylor Scale. Secondary outcome variables: a) hospitalization length-of-stay, b) mortality-rate. Results: At baseline, Ozone/SOC-groups were not different on age, comorbidities, O 2 -saturation and O 2 -supply. Patients in Ozone-Group improved O 2- saturation and decrease O 2- supply. SOC maintained O 2- saturation and required more O 2- supply. Lymphocyte-count improved only in Ozone-group and with statistical difference (p<0.05). Biomarkers of inflammation (Fibrinogen, D-Dimer, Urea, LDH, CRP and IL-6) decreased in both groups, but only significantly in favor of Ozone-group (p<0.05). Ferritin showed a significant decrease in the Ozone-group but an increase on the SOC-Group. Radiological pneumonitis decreased on both groups but the decrease was only significant in the Ozone-Group (p<0.0001). Mortality and length-of-stay, although not significant, were inferior in Ozone-Group. Conclusion: Compassionate use of Rectal Ozone improved O 2 -saturation, reduced O 2 -supply, decreased inflammation biomarkers and improved Taylor’s radiological scale significantly when compared to SOC-Group. Mortality and length-of-stay was inferior in the Ozone-group, but this difference was not significant.
Thresholds, Timing, and Teleconnections: A coupled water-power-economic analysis
Authors: Fisher-Vanden Karen , Webster Mort , Lammers Richard , Kumar Vijay , Perla Joseph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have failed to capture critical dynamics stemming from overlapping hydrological, power, and economic networks when assessing the economic impacts of future water stress on the power system. In this paper, we employ a coupled water-power-economy model to capture these important interactions. We identified three channels that are key to assessing economic impacts – thresholds, teleconnections, and timing. We find that not all reductions in reserve electricity generation capacity result in impacts (thresholds), and that when they occur, intermittent interruptions in electricity supply occurring at critical times of the day, week, and year account for most of the economic impacts (timing). Lastly, we find that impacts may be in different locations from the original water stress (teleconnections). This work underscores the importance of a coupled modeling approach that captures interactions across systems while retaining spatial, temporal, and sectoral detail.
The Prognostic Value of Preoperative Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Levels in Patients Underwent Curative-intent Hepatectomy For Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Two-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Bai Long , Lin Ze-Yu , Lu Yun-Xin , Chen Qin , Zhou Han , Jin Ying , Wang Feng , Meng Qi , Wan Yun-Le , Pan Zhi-Zhong , Wang De-Shen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in colorectal cancer patients has remained inconsistent between non-metastatic and metastatic settings. So far very few studies have included LDH in prognostic analysis for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) who underwent curative-intent hepatectomy. Patients and Methods: Consecutive metastatic colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative-intent resection for CRLM from two Chinese medical centers treated in 2000-2019 were enrolled in the training cohort (434 patients) and the validation cohort (146 patients). Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Cox regression model was performed to identify the prognostic values of LDH and other clinicopathology variables. A modification of the established Fong scoring system comprising LDH was developed within this Chinese population.Results: In the training cohort, preoperative LDH > upper limit of normal (ULN) was the strongest independent prognostic factor both for RFS (HR 2.11, 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.54-2.89; P < .001) and OS (HR 2.41, 95% CI, 1.72-3.39; P < .001) in multivariate analysis. 5-year survival rates were 23.7% and 52.9% in the LDH > ULN group and LDH < ULN group, respectively. These data were also confirmed in the validation cohort and then in pooled cohort. Replacing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with LDH in the Fong score contributed to an improvement in the predictive value.Conclusions: Preoperative serum LDH is a reliable and independent predictor for curative-intent CRLM resection. Composite of LDH and Fong score is a potential stratification tool for CRLM resection.
Photocatalytic and Photoluminescence Studies of La, Ce and Dy Co-Doped ZnO Nanoflowers
Authors: Irtiqa Syed , Rahman Atikur 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present work, ZnO nanoparticles were doped with varying concentration of Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce) and Dysprosium (Dy) using a simple and cost effective co-precipitation approach at low temperatures. The resulting powders were calcined at 500 °C for 1 hour using a muffle furnace, to produce La, Ce, Dy co-doped ZnO nanoparticles with varying stoichiometry viz. Zn0.97La0.01Ce0.01Dy0.01O, Zn0.94La0.02Ce0.02Dy0.02O, Zn0.91La0.03Ce0.03Dy0.03O, Zn0.88La0.04Ce0.04 Dy0.04O and Zn0.85La0.05Ce0.05Dy0.05O. This is a simple approach for doping and doesn’t require and complex equipment, harmful chemical or sophisticated machinery. The synthesized powders were characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for studying the structure, purity, and grain morphology. The average particle size was calculated using XRD and was found to be 35 nm, it also indicated a hexagonal wurtizite structure with no secondary peaks. A change in morphology from nanorods to nanoflowers was observed as the concentration of dopants increased. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated a red shift in the absorption edge towards the visible region of solar spectrum and this was further confirmed by Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (DRS). The photocatalytic properties of undoped and La, Ce, Dy co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were observed by examining the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye under UV irradiation. Elimination of dye color indicated the total degradation of organic molecule. The results revealed that ZnO photocatalyst with La, Ce, Dy co-doping concentration Zn0.85La0.05Ce0.05Dy0.05O exhibited the best photocatalytic performance (95%) as compared to undoped ZnO. The improved photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the increased surface oxygen vacancies and adsorption capacity. Delay in recombination of charge carriers due to creation trap states in the bandgap of ZnO further improves the photocatalytic performance of doped samples.
Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Renal Injury: A multi-hospital observational study from Wuhan
Authors: Chen Kehong , Lei Yu , He Yani , Xiao Fei , Yu Yan , Lai Xiaodong , Liu Yang , Wang Jiang , Dai Huanzi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Renal injury is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to determine the relationship of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and acute kidney injury (AKI) with the characteristics, progression, and prognosis of COVID-19 in-patients. We retrospectively reviewed 1851 COVID-19 patients admitted to 3 hospitals in Wuhan, China. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, treatment, complication, and outcome data were analyzed. Patients were stratified according to tertiles of eGFR (≥ 90 vs. 60–89 vs. <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). The risk of reaching the composite endpoint—intensive care unit admission, invasive ventilation, or death—was compared. On admission, 25.5% patients had renal impairment (eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), but only 2.6% patients had chronic kidney disease (CKD). The overall in-hospital AKI incidence was 6.7%. Severe illness and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, CKD, and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases) were more common among patients with low eGFR (< 90 mL/min/1.73 m2). Despite the more frequent use of intensive oxygen therapy, continuous blood purification, and glucocorticoid treatment, the prognosis of these patients was unsatisfactory, with the incidence of the composite endpoint (15.4% vs. 19.6% vs. 54.5%; P = 0.000) and complications (AKI, respiratory failure, cardiac injury, coagulation disorders, sepsis, etc.) increasing with decreasing eGFR. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 or AKI had significantly escalated risks of reaching the composite endpoint. Multivariate regression analysis showed that renal insufficiency (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) on admission and in-hospital AKI independently predicted poor prognosis among COVID-19 in-patients. Early and continuous renal-function monitoring and early AKI diagnosis are necessary to predict and prevent the progression of COVID-19.
Symmetrized persistency of Bell correlations for Dicke states and GHZ-based mixtures: Studying the limits of monogamy
Authors: Wieśniak Marcin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quantum correlations, in particular those, which enable to violate a Bell inequality 1 , open a way to advantage in certain communication tasks. However, the main difficulty in harnessing quantumness is its fragility to, e.g, noise or loss of particles. We study the persistency of Bell correlations of GHZ based mixtures and Dicke states. For the former, we consider quantum communication complexity reduction (QCCR) scheme, and propose new Bell inequalities (BIs), which can be used in that scheme for higher persistency in the limit of large number of particles N. In case of Dicke states, we show that persistency can reach 0.482N, significantly more than reported in previous studies.
Energy/Exergy Conversion Factors of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Plants
Authors: Francke Henning 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A geothermal heat plant is a not only a source of heat, but, in general, also a sink for relevant amounts of electricity, consumed mainly by the pump(s). This electricity demand is usually not given much attention although being decisive for operation costs, but also offering chances for demand side management as a variable consumer. From the perspective of an integrated energy system, geothermal installations basically move energy from the electricity sector into the heat sector, similar to compression heat pumps. The main heat pump performance indicator is the ratio between invested energy and useful heat, the COP. This paper transfers the COP concept to geothermal sites, by defining and determining the quantity for a selection of mostly German geothermal sites.
The lessons of COVID-19 pandemic for communicable diseases surveillance system: A qualitative study in the Kurdistan region-Iraq
Authors: Hamalaw Soran Amin , Bayati Ali Hattem , Babakir-Mina Muhammed , Takian Amirhossein 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has revealed a series of unprecedented challenges to Communicable Disease Surveillance Systems (CDSS) globally. This study aimed to determine the opportunities of and barriers to CDSS during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the extent to which the disease integrated into the CDSS in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative approach was applied. We conducted 7 semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussions (FGD) with purposefully identified Key Informants (KI) from June to December 2020. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. We adopted a mixed deductive-inductive approach for thematic analysis of data, facilitated by using MAXQDA20 software for data management.

Results

Although the CDSS was considered appropriate and flexible, the COVID-19 was interpreted not to be integrated into the system due to political concerns. The lack of epidemic preparedness, timeliness, and partial cessation of training and supervision during the pandemic were the main concerns regarding core and support activities. The existence of reasonable surveillance infrastructure, i.e. trained staff was identified as an opportunity for improvement. The main challenges include: staff deficiency, absence of motivation and financial support for present staff, scarce logistics, managerial and administrative issues, and lack of cooperation, particularly among stakeholders and surveillance staff.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that due to political barriers, COVID-19 was not integrated into the CDSS. It also highlighted the main facilitators of and barriers to CDSS in the region. We advocate health authorities and policy-makers to prioritize the surveillance and effective management of communicable diseases.
Turning walking pneumonia into recurrent abscesses: a curious case of CVID and review of the literature
Authors: Gao David X. , Hussain Habiba , Bobber Brianna , Phan Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder associated with a broad symptom presentation that is still being characterized. We report a rare case of recurrent mycoplasma skin abscesses in a patient with a history of autoimmune disorders and prolonged mycoplasma pneumonia who was diagnosed with CVID.Case presentation: a 34-year-old woman presented with a history of recurrent abscesses previously confirmed positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Her past medical history of recurrent mycoplasma abscesses, prolonged mycoplasma pneumonia, and autoimmune disorders (mixed connective tissue disease and immune thrombocytopenia) raised suspicion of CVID. Workup included negative anti-mycoplasma antibody titers, hypogammaglobulinemia, and negative anti-pneumococcal antibody titers despite prior vaccination, solidifying the diagnosis of CVID. The patient was discharged on antibiotic and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy with improvement and now follows allergy and immunology long-term for treatment.Conclusions: her diagnostic history underscores the importance of considering the various criteria of CVID for diagnosis, and her unique presentation of M. pneumoniae skin abscesses highlights the broad sequelae patients with CVID can manifest.