bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring functional ability in healthy ageing: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in the Philippine older population
Authors: Moreno-Agostino Dario , Prina Matthew , Chua Kia-Chong , Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan , Sadana Ritu , Officer Alana , Kamenov Kaloyan , Cieza Alarcos 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo analyse the empirical support of the functional ability concept in the healthy ageing framework developed by the WHO in a sample of the Philippine older population. According to this framework, environmental factors may enhance or hinder functional ability, which is the person’s ability to do what they value, broadly represented by subjective well-being. Moreover, this network of relationships may be moderated by personal characteristics such as gender.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingPhilippines, general population.ParticipantsRespondents of the 2016 National Disability Prevalence Survey/Model Functioning Survey aged 50+ (N=2825).Primary and secondary outcome measuresLatent (unobserved) measures of functional ability, environmental factors (physical environmental factors and social network and support) and subjective well-being (positive affect, negative affect and evaluative well-being) were obtained from different items from the survey questionnaire using a SEM framework.ResultsWe found that the relationship between environmental factors and the three components of subjective well-being considered in this study was partially explained by differences in functional ability. The portion of those effects accounted for by functional ability was comparatively larger for the physical than for the social environmental factors. We found no evidences of gender differences in this network of relationships.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the relevance of functional ability at explaining the relationship between environmental factors and subjective well-being in older adults. Future studies may replicate these findings longitudinally and including other relevant measures as the person’s objective level of intrinsic capacity.
Infectious diseases experts as part of the antibiotic stewardship team in primary care: protocol for a cluster-randomised blinded study (IDASP)
Authors: Ronda Mar , Padullés Ariadna , Simonet Pere , Rodríguez Gemma , Estrada Cinta , Lérida Ana , Ferro Juan José , Cobo Sara , Tubau Fe , Gardeñes Lluïsa , Freixedas Rosa , López Montserrat , Carrera Elena , Pallarés Natàlia , Tebe Cristian , Carratala Jordi , Puig-Asensio Mireia , Shaw Evelyn 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionAntibiotic overuse is directly related to antibiotic resistance, and primary care is one of the main reasons for this overuse. This study aims to demonstrate that including experts on infectious diseases (ID) within the antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programme team in primary care settings achieves higher reductions in overall antibiotic consumption and increases the quality of prescription.Methods and analysisA multicentre, cluster-randomised, blinded clinical trial will be conducted between 2021 and 2023. Six primary care centres will be randomly assigned to an advanced or a standard AMS programme. The advanced AMS programme will consist of a standard AMS programme combined with the possibility that general practitioners (GP) will discuss patients’ therapies with ID experts telephonically during working days and biweekly meetings. The main endpoint will be overall antibiotic consumption, defined as daily defined dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD). Secondary end-points will be: (1) unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in patients diagnosed with upper respiratory tract or urinary tract infection, (2) adequacy of antibiotic prescription, (3) reattendance to GP or emergency room within 30 days after the initial GP visit and (4) hospital admissions for any reason within 30 days after the GP visit. Two secondary endpoints (unnecessary antibiotic therapy and adequacy of therapy) will be evaluated by blinded investigators.We will select three clusters (centres) per arm (coverage of 147 644 inhabitants) which will allow the rejection of the null hypothesis of equal consumption with a power of 80%, assuming a moderate intracluster correlation of 0.2, an intracluster variance of 4 and a mean difference of 1 DHD. The type I error will be set at 5%.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was reviewed and approved by local ethics committees. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at medical conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04848883
Socioeconomic variables and fracture risk in children and adolescents: a population-based study from northern Sweden
Authors: Hedström Erik , Crnalic Sead , Kullström Antonia , Waernbaum Ingeborg 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesPrevious studies have investigated the association between socioeconomic characteristics and fractures among children, producing different results. In a population-based study, we previously found an increased risk of fractures among children living in an urban municipality compared with rural municipalities. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of socioeconomic variables for the incidence of fractures among 0–17 year olds.Setting, design and outcome measureWe present a longitudinal, observational study of a population 0–17 years of age. Data from an injury database were linked with additional socioeconomic data for the population at risk. These were 55 758 individuals residing within the primary catchment area of a regional hospital in northern Sweden. Using the number of fractures as the outcome, we fitted a generalised linear mixed model for a Poisson response with socioeconomic variables at the family level as independent variables while controlling for age, sex and place of residence.ResultsWe found a significant association between higher levels of family income and the risk of fracture, rate ratio 1.40 (1.28–1.52) p<0.001 when comparing the highest income quintile to the lowest as well as the number of siblings and the risk of fracture. Children with one or two siblings had a rate ratio of 1.28 (1.19–1.38) p<0.001 when compared with children with no siblings. Parents’ educational level and having a single parent showed no significant association with fractures. The previously observed association between municipalities and fracture risk was less pronounced when taking family-level socioeconomic variables into account.ConclusionOur results indicate that children from families with higher income and with siblings are at greater risk of sustaining fractures.
Fibrotic interstitial lung disease - palliative care needs: a World-Café qualitative study
Authors: Cassidy Nicola , Fox Lynn , Love Maria , Byrne Irene , Doyle Anne Marie , Korn Bettina , Shanagher Deirdre , Shone Tony , Cullen Matt , Cullen Teresa , Mullaney Philo , O'Carroll Noreen , O'Dowd Gemma , O'Sullivan Tom , Russell Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesThe importance of palliative care in those with advanced fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (F-ILD) is recognised, but the palliative care requirements of patients and caregivers affected by F-ILD regardless of disease course are not established. We set out to explore this and identify optimal solutions in meeting the needs of a F-ILD population in Ireland.MethodsImplementing a World-Café qualitative research approach, we captured insights evolving, iteratively in interactive small group discussions in response to six predefined topics on palliative care and planning for the future. Thirty-nine stakeholders participated in the World-Café including 12 patients, 13 caregivers, 9 healthcare professionals, 4 industry representatives and 1 representative of the clergy.ResultsPalliative care emerged as fundamental to the care and treatment of F-ILDs, regardless of disease progression. Unmet palliative care needs were identified as psychological and social support, disease education, inclusion of caregivers and practical/legal advice for disease progression and end-of-life planning. Participants identified diagnosis as a particularly distressing time for patients and families. They called for the introduction of palliative care discussions at this early-stage alongside improvements in integrated care, specifically increasing the involvement of primary care practitioners in referrals to palliative services.ConclusionPatients and caregivers need discussions on palliative care associated with F-ILD to be included at the point of diagnosis. This approach may address persisting inadequacies in service provision previously identified over the course of the last decade in the UK, Ireland and European F-ILD patient charters.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with pre-existing psoriasis: safety and efficacy
Authors: Halle Briana Rose , Betof Warner Allison , Zaman Farzana Y , Haydon Andrew , Bhave Prachi , Dewan Anna K , Ye Fei , Irlmeier Rebecca , Mehta Paras , Kurtansky Nicholas R , Lacouture Mario E , Hassel Jessica C , Choi Jacob S , Sosman Jeffrey A , Chandra Sunandana , Otto Tracey S , Sullivan Ryan , Mooradian Meghan J , Chen Steven T , Dimitriou Florentia , Long Georgina , Carlino Matteo , Menzies Alexander , Johnson Douglas B , Rotemberg Veronica M 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved to treat multiple cancers. Retrospective analyses demonstrate acceptable safety of ICIs in most patients with autoimmune disease, although disease exacerbation may occur. Psoriasis vulgaris is a common, immune-mediated disease, and outcomes of ICI treatment in patients with psoriasis are not well described. Thus we sought to define the safety profile and effectiveness of ICIs in patients with pre-existing psoriasis.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients from eight academic centers with pre-existing psoriasis who received ICI treatment for cancer were evaluated. Main safety outcomes were psoriasis exacerbation and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We also assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival.ResultsOf 76 patients studied (50 (66%) male; median age 67 years; 62 (82%) with melanoma, 5 (7%) with lung cancer, 2 (3%) with head and neck cancer, and 7 (9%) with other cancers; median follow-up 25.1 months (range=0.2–99 months)), 51 (67%) received anti-PD-1 antibodies, 8 (11%) anti-CTLA-4, and 17 (22%) combination of anti-PD-1/CTLA-4. All patients had pre-existing psoriasis, most frequently plaque psoriasis (46 patients (61%)) and 15 (20%) with psoriatic arthritis. Forty-one patients (54%) had received any prior therapy for psoriasis although only two (3%) were on systemic immunosuppression at ICI initiation. With ICI treatment, 43 patients (57%) experienced a psoriasis flare of cutaneous and/or extracutaneous disease after a median of 44 days of receiving ICI. Of those who experienced a flare, 23 patients (53%) were managed with topical therapy only; 16 (21%) needed systemic therapy. Only five patients (7%) required immunotherapy discontinuation for psoriasis flare. Forty-five patients (59%) experienced other irAEs, 17 (22%) of which were grade 3/4. PFS with landmark analysis was significantly longer in patients with a psoriasis flare versus those without (39 vs 8.7 months, p=0.049).ConclusionsIn this multicenter study, ICI therapy was associated with frequent psoriasis exacerbation, although flares were manageable with standard psoriasis treatments and few required ICI discontinuation. Patients who experienced disease exacerbation performed at least as well as those who did not. Thus, pre-existing psoriasis should not prevent patients from receiving ICIs for treatment of malignancy.
Direct carotid artery access for neurointerventional procedures in infants
Authors: Requejo Flavio , Teplisky Darío Javier , Nguyen Thanh N , Abdalkader Mohamad 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundFemoral access is the primary route for neurointerventional procedures in children. However, endovascular treatment may not always be possible through a femoral approach, necessitating conversion to alternative access routes.ObjectiveTo review the feasibility and safety of direct carotid puncture (DCP) in infants undergoing neuroendovascular interventions.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all infants who underwent DCP as the access route to treat neuroendovascular pathologies between January 2011 and January 2021. Patients’ demographics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and technical details were reviewed.ResultsBetween January 2011 and January 2021, five infants aged between 28 and 150 days underwent DCP out of 1129 neuroendovascular interventions performed in our institution (0.4%). All five infants (100%) were diagnosed with intracranial fistulas and were found to have severe tortuosity of the cervical arteries. DCP was performed as the initial access route in 2/5 patients and as crossover after a failed femoral attempt in 3/5 patients. DCP was performed under ultrasound guidance in all patients. Closure was performed by manual compression, without complications. Ultrasound showed patent cervical vessels in all patients at 3 months’ follow-up.ConclusionDirect carotid access is a feasible and safe alternative route to treat neuroendovascular pathologies in infants and can be considered in cases of inaccessible or failed transfemoral access or in cases with severe arterial tortuosity in infants with intracranial fistulas.
Functional Precision Medicine Provides Clinical Benefit in Advanced Aggressive Hematologic Cancers and Identifies Exceptional Responders
Authors: Kornauth Christoph , Pemovska Tea , Vladimer Gregory I. , Bayer Günther , Bergmann Michael , Eder Sandra , Eichner Ruth , Erl Martin , Esterbauer Harald , Exner Ruth , Felsleitner-Hauer Verena , Forte Maurizio , Gaiger Alexander , Geissler Klaus , Greinix Hildegard T. , Gstöttner Wolfgang , Hacker Marcus , Hartmann Bernd Lorenz , Hauswirth Alexander W. , Heinemann Tim , Heintel Daniel , Hoda Mir Alireza , Hopfinger Georg , Jaeger Ulrich , Kazianka Lukas , Kenner Lukas , Kiesewetter Barbara , Krall Nikolaus , Krajnik Gerhard , Kubicek Stefan , Le Trang , Lubowitzki Simone , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Menschel Elisabeth , Merkel Olaf , Miura Katsuhiro , Müllauer Leonhard , Neumeister Peter , Noesslinger Thomas , Ocko Katharina , Öhler Leopold , Panny Michael , Pichler Alexander , Porpaczy Edit , Prager Gerald W. , Raderer Markus , Ristl Robin , Ruckser Reinhard , Salamon Julius , Schiefer Ana-Iris , Schmolke Ann-Sofie , Schwarzinger Ilse , Selzer Edgar , Sillaber Christian , Skrabs Cathrin , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Srndic Ismet , Thalhammer Renate , Valent Peter , van der Kouwe Emiel , Vanura Katrina , Vogt Stefan , Waldstein Cora , Wolf Dominik , Zielinski Christoph C. , Zojer Niklas , Simonitsch-Klupp Ingrid , Superti-Furga Giulio , Snijder Berend , Staber Philipp B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPersonalized medicine aims to match the right drug with the right patient by using specific features of the individual patient's tumor. However, current strategies of personalized therapy matching provide treatment opportunities for less than 10% of patients with cancer. A promising method may be drug profiling of patient biopsy specimens with single-cell resolution to directly quantify drug effects. We prospectively tested an image-based single-cell functional precision medicine (scFPM) approach to guide treatments in 143 patients with advanced aggressive hematologic cancers. Fifty-six patients (39%) were treated according to scFPM results. At a median follow-up of 23.9 months, 30 patients (54%) demonstrated a clinical benefit of more than 1.3-fold enhanced progression-free survival compared with their previous therapy. Twelve patients (40% of responders) experienced exceptional responses lasting three times longer than expected for their respective disease. We conclude that therapy matching by scFPM is clinically feasible and effective in advanced aggressive hematologic cancers.Significance:This is the first precision medicine trial using a functional assay to instruct n-of-one therapies in oncology. It illustrates that for patients lacking standard therapies, high-content assay-based scFPM can have a significant value in clinical therapy guidance based on functional dependencies of each patient's cancer.See related commentary by Letai, p. 290.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 275
Multiomic Profiling of Central Nervous System Leukemia Identifies mRNA Translation as a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Vanner Robert J. , Dobson Stephanie M. , Gan Olga I. , McLeod Jessica , Schoof Erwin M. , Grandal Ildiko , Wintersinger Jeff A. , Garcia-Prat Laura , Hosseini Mohsen , Xie Stephanie Z. , Jin Liqing , Mbong Nathan , Voisin Veronique , Chan-Seng-Yue Michelle , Kennedy James A. , Waanders Esmé , Morris Quaid , Porse Bo , Chan Steven M. , Guidos Cynthia J. , Danska Jayne S. , Minden Mark D. , Mullighan Charles G. , Dick John E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) dissemination of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has poor prognosis and remains a therapeutic challenge. Here we performed targeted DNA sequencing as well as transcriptional and proteomic profiling of paired leukemia-infiltrating cells in the bone marrow (BM) and CNS of xenografts. Genes governing mRNA translation were upregulated in CNS leukemia, and subclonal genetic profiling confirmed this in both BM-concordant and BM-discordant CNS mutational populations. CNS leukemia cells were exquisitely sensitive to the translation inhibitor omacetaxine mepesuccinate, which reduced xenograft leptomeningeal disease burden. Proteomics demonstrated greater abundance of secreted proteins in CNS-infiltrating cells, including complement component 3 (C3), and drug targeting of C3 influenced CNS disease in xenografts. CNS-infiltrating cells also exhibited selection for stemness traits and metabolic reprogramming. Overall, our study identifies targeting of mRNA translation as a potential therapeutic approach for B-ALL leptomeningeal disease.

Significance:
Cancer metastases are often driven by distinct subclones with unique biological properties. Here we show that in B-ALL CNS disease, the leptomeningeal environment selects for cells with unique functional dependencies. Pharmacologic inhibition of mRNA translation signaling treats CNS disease and offers a new therapeutic approach for this condition.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Forgery detection algorithm based on texture features
Authors: Ahmed Ismail Taha , Hammad Baraa Tareq , Jamil Norziana 
Published: October 2021

Any researcher's goal is to improve detection accuracy with a limited feature vector dimension. Therefore, in this paper, we attempt to find and discover the best types of texture features and classifiers that are appropriate for the coarse mesh finite differenc (CMFD). Segmentation-based fractal texture analysis (SFTA), local binary pattern (LBP), and Haralick are the texture features that have been chosen. K-nearest neighbors (KNN), naïve Bayes, and Logistics are also among the classifiers chosen. SFTA, local binary pattern (LBP), and Haralick feature vector are fed to the KNN, naïve Bayes, and logistics classifier. The outcomes of the experiment indicate that the SFTA texture feature surpassed all other texture features in all classifiers, making it the best texture feature to use in forgery detection. Haralick feature has the second-best texture feature performance in all of the classifiers. The performance using the LBP feature is lower than that of the other texture features. It also shows that the KNN classifier outperformed the other two in terms of accuracy. However, among the classifiers, the logistic classifier had the lowest accuracy. The proposed SFTA based KNN method is compared to other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of feature dimension and detection accuracy. The proposed method outperforms other current techniques.
Improved fingerprinting performance in indoor positioning by reducing duration of the training phase process
Authors: Muharam Andika , Wahab Abdi , Alaydrus Mudrik 
Published: October 2021

<span>Wireless <span>sensor network (WSN) can be used as a solution to find out the position of an object that cannot be reached by global positioning system (GPS), for example to find out the position of objects in a room known as Indoor Positioning. One method in indoor positioning that can be used is fingerprinting. Inside there are two main work phases, namely training and positioning. The training phase is the process of collecting received signal strength indication (RSSI) data levels from each sensor Node reference that will be used as a reference value for the positioning phase. The more sensor Nodes used, the longer the processing time needed in the training phase. This research focussed on the duration of the training phase, the implementation of which are used 4 sensor Nodes, namely Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4 protocol) arranged according to mesh network topology, one as Node X (positioning target) and 3 as reference Nodes. There are two methods used in the training phase, namely fixed target parameter (FTP) and moving target parameter (MTP). MTP took 5 seconds faster than FTP in terms of the duration of RSSI data collection from each reference Node. </span></span>
Multi-label classification approach for quranic verses labeling
Authors: Adeleke Abdullahi , Samsudin Noor Azah , Abdul Rahim Mohd Hisyam , Ahmad Khalid Shamsul Kamal , Efendi Riswan 
Published: October 2021

Machine learning involves the task of training systems to be able to make decisions without being explicitly programmed. Important among machine learning tasks is classification involving the process of training machines to make predictions from predefined labels. Classification is broadly categorized into three distinct groups: single-label (SL), multi-class, and multi-label (ML) classification. This research work presents an application of a multi-label classification (MLC) technique in automating Quranic verses labeling. MLC has been gaining attention in recent years. This is due to the increasing amount of works based on real-world classification problems of multi-label data. In traditional classification problems, patterns are associated with a single-label from a set of disjoint labels. However, in MLC, an instance of data is associated with a set of labels. In this paper, three standard <em>MLC</em> methods: <span>binary relevance (BR), classifier chain (CC), and label powerset (LP) algorithms are implemented with four baseline classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), naïve Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and J48. The research methodology adopts the multi-label problem transformation (PT) approach. The results are validated using six conventional performance metrics. These include: hamming loss, accuracy, one error, micro-F1, macro-F1, and avg. precision. From the results, the classifiers effectively achieved above 70% accuracy mark. Overall, SVM achieved the best results with CC and LP algorithms.</span>