bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of basement structures and Carboniferous basin configuration on evaporite distribution and the development of salt structures in Nordkapp Basin, Barents Sea—Part I
Authors: Hassaan Muhammad , Inge Faleide Jan , Helge Gabrielsen Roy , Tsikalas Filippos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPotential field data, reprocessed regional 2D seismic reflection profiles and 3D seismic tied to wells were used to study the late Devonian‐Permian development of the Nordkapp Basin in Barents Sea. The composite basin can be subdivided into the northeastern, central and southwestern segments that developed above a basement that contains elements of the Timanian and Caledonian regimes. The transition between the Timanian and Caledonian structures is positioned below the central basin segment. The rheological properties, locations, orientations and interaction of inherited structures together with two subsequent extensional phases, defined the presalt rift architecture and gave rise to seven subbasins within Nordkapp Basin. During the late Devonian‐early Carboniferous NE‐SW oriented extension, the basin consisted of two regional half‐grabens (northern and southern) separated by an interbasin ridge. During the late Carboniferous, the shift of extension direction to NW‐SE orientation reshaped the two regional half‐grabens. In particular, an interbasin transfer zone divided the northern regional half‐graben by separating its hinged‐margin portion (incipient northeastern segment) from the deeper part (incipient central segment). At the same time, the elevated interbasin ridge separated the incipient central and southwestern segments. Internally within the seven subbasins, the evolving structural elements including cross‐cutting master faults and structural highs have influenced the deposition and character of the Pennsylvanian‐lower Permian layered evaporite sequence and the distribution of subsequent salt structures. We suggest that the synrift to early postrift processes, relative depth of each subbasin, arrangement of the structural highs and depositional palaeo‐environment all controlled the thickness and facies of the layered evaporite sequence. The latter in combination with the presalt architecture comprised a laterally varying in thickness and character substratum that during the earliest Triassic influenced the sediment routings and deposition of the progradational system arriving in Nordkapp Basin. The study outcomes are pertinent and applicable to other salt‐influenced rift basins worldwide.
The genetic underpinnings of anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy predisposition
Authors: Berkman Amy M. , Hildebrandt Michelle A. T. , Landstrom Andrew P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnthracyclines, chemotherapeutic agents that have contributed to significant improvements in cancer survival, also carry risk of both acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. This has led to significantly elevated risks of cardiac morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors treated with these agents. Certain treatment related, demographic, and medical factors increase an individual's risk of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity; however, significant variability among those affected suggests that there is an underlying genetic predisposition to anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. The current narrative review seeks to summarize the literature to date that has identified genetic variants associated with anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. These include variants found in genes that encode proteins associated with anthracycline transportation and metabolism, those that encode proteins associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, and those known to be associated with cardiac disease. While there is strong evidence that susceptibility to anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity has genetic underpinnings, the majority of work to date has been candidate gene analyses. Future work should focus on genome‐wide analyses including genome‐wide association and sequencing‐based studies to confirm and expand these findings.
Autoantibodies to LG3 are associated with poor long‐term survival after liver retransplantation
Authors: Xu Qingyong , McAlister Vivian C. , House Andrew A. , Molinari Michele , Leckie Steve , Zeevi Adriana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAutoantibodies are detrimental to the survival of organ transplantation. We demonstrated that Angiotensin II Type I Receptor agonistic autoantibodies (AT1R‐AA) were associated with poor outcomes after liver retransplantation. To examine the effect of other autoantibodies, we studied a retrospective cohort of 93 patients who received a second liver transplant. Pre‐retransplant sera were tested with Luminex‐based solid‐phase assays. Among 33 tested autoantibodies, 15 were significantly higher in 48 patients who lost their regrafts than 45 patients whose regrafts were still functioning. Specifically, patients with autoantibodies to the C‐terminal laminin‐like globular domain of Perlecan (LG3) experienced significantly worse regraft survival (p = .002) than those with negative LG3 autoantibodies (LG3‐A). In multivariate analysis, LG3‐A (HR = 2.35 [1.11–4.98], p = .027) and AT1R‐AA (HR = 2.09 [1.07–4.10], p = .032) remained significant predictors of regraft loss after adjusting for recipient age and sex. There were synergistic deleterious effects on regraft survival in patients who were double‐positive for LG3‐A and donor‐specific antibody (DSA) (HR = 5.26 [2.15–12.88], p = .001), or LG3‐A and AT1R‐AA (HR = 3.23 [1.37–7.66], p = .008). All six double‐positive patients lost their liver regrafts. In conclusion, LG3‐A is associated with inferior long‐term outcomes of a second liver transplant. Screening anti‐HLA antibodies and autoantibodies such as LG3‐A/AT1R‐AA identifies patients with a higher risk for liver transplantation.
Topical oxygen therapy for diabetes‐related foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thanigaimani Shivshankar , Singh Tejas , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionTopical oxygen therapy (TOT) has been suggested as a treatment for diabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU) but no prior meta‐analyses of randomised clinical trials (RCT) have been reported. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the randomised evidence for the benefit of TOT in healing DFU.MethodsPublicly available databases were searched for RCTs investigating the effect of TOT on wound healing in participants with a DFU. The primary outcome was ulcer healing defined as full epithelialisation. Meta‐analyses were performed using random effect models and reported as risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Study quality and publication bias were assessed using a modified version of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and funnel plots, respectively.ResultsSix RCTs involving 530 participants with a DFU testing TOT were included. Meta‐analysis suggested that TOT significantly increased the likelihood of ulcer healing compared to controls (Risk ratio [RR] 1.94; 95% CI 1.19, 3.17; I2 = 57%; NNT = 5.33) and findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. Risk of bias was high, moderate and low in two, one and three studies, respectively. Analysis of the three trials judged to be at low risk of bias suggested that TOT increased the likelihood of ulcer healing compared to controls (RR 2.37; 95% CI 1.52, 3.68; I2 = 0%). Funnel plots suggested the possibility of publication bias. Data on amputation were too limited for meta‐analysis.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests that TOT improves the likelihood of DFU healing; however, its effect on amputation and cost‐effectiveness are unclear.
Magnesium supplementation reduces inflammation in rats with induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: López‐Baltanás Rodrigo , Encarnación Rodríguez‐Ortiz Maria , Canalejo Antonio , Díaz‐Tocados Juan M. , Herencia Carmen , Leiva‐Cepas Fernando , Torres‐Peña José D. , Ortíz‐Morales Ana , Muñoz‐Castañeda Juan Rafael , Rodríguez Mariano , Almadén Yolanda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammation is a common feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that appears specifically associated with cardiovascular derangements in CKD patients. Observational studies have revealed a link between low Mg levels and inflammation. In this study, we hypothesize that Mg might have a modulatory effect on the inflammation induced under the uraemic milieu.MethodsIn vivo studies were performed in a 5/6 nephrectomized rat model of CKD. Furthermore, a possible direct effect of Mg was addressed through in vitro studies with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).ResultsUraemic rats fed a normal (0.1%) Mg diet showed a systemic inflammatory response evidenced by the elevation in plasma of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6, and GPx activity, a marker of oxidative stress. Importantly, an increased expression of these cytokines in the aortic tissue was also observed. In contrast, a dietary Mg supplementation (0.6%) greatly prevented the oxidative stress and the pro‐inflammatory response. In vitro, in VSMCs cultured in a pro‐inflammatory high phosphate medium, incubation with Mg 1.6 mM inhibited the increase in the production of ROS, the rise in the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 and the activation of NF‐κB signalling that was observed in cells incubated with a normal (0.8 mM) Mg.ConclusionMg supplementation reduced inflammation associated with CKD, exerting a direct effect on vascular cells. These findings support a possible beneficial effect of Mg supplementation along the clinical management of CKD patients.
Transferring an Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation protocol across eight genera in the Ceratocystidaceae
Authors: Lane Frances A. , Du Plessis Deanné , Wingfield Brenda D. , Wilken P. Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEstablishing a transformation system is an essential first step for functional studies. Numerous transformation systems have been developed and optimized for filamentous ascomycetes, including Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. Recently, such a system was developed for the African tree pathogen Ceratocystis albifundus. This fungus is part of the family Ceratocystidaceae, which includes many tree and plant pathogens of economic importance. Despite the many advantages associated with Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation, establishing and optimizing this system within a species are extremely arduous due to the many species‐specific parameters that must be optimized. This study aimed to apply the existing C. albifundus Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation protocol to eight diverse Ceratocystidaceae species from eight different genera. Minor adjustments were made to the already established protocol to increase transformant yield before it was used to successfully produce transformants for six of the eight targeted species without the need for any further species‐specific optimizations. Although the number of transformants obtained was less than for C. albifundus, this study proves that protocols for Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation might be more transferable than previously thought. It also provides a useful benchmark for future transformation studies in the Ceratocystidaceae and will make species‐specific optimization easier.
How early maternal deprivation changes the brain and behavior?
Authors: Čater Maša , Majdič Gregor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly life stress can adversely influence brain development and reprogram brain function and consequently behavior in adult life. Adequate maternal care in early childhood is therefore particularly important for the normal brain development, and adverse early life experiences can lead to altered emotional, behavioral, and neuroendocrine stress responses in the adulthood. As a form of neonatal stress, maternal deprivation/separation is often used in behavioral studies to examine the effects of early life stress and for modeling the development of certain psychiatric disorders and brain pathologies in animal models. The temporary loss of maternal care during the critical postpartum periods remodels the offspring's brain and provokes long‐term effects on learning and cognition, the development of mental disorders, aggression, and an increased tendency for the drug abuse. Early life stress through maternal deprivation affects neuroendocrine responses to stress in adolescence and adulthood by dysregulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and permanently disrupts stress resilience. In this review, we focused on how improper maternal care during early postnatal life affects brain development resulting in modified behavior later in life.
A practitioner's guide to understanding infectious disease diagnostics in the United Kingdom. Part 2: Serological diagnostic testing methods and diagnostic test result interpretation
Authors: Whitlock F. M. , Newton J. R. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis article is the second in a review series about infectious disease diagnostics and summarises serological testing techniques, diagnostic test validation and result interpretation. It highlights the requirement for results to be interpreted with testing limitations in mind and in conjunction with the case's clinical presentation. With these foundations, the treating clinician should always be well placed to deal with equine infectious diseases.
Parental whole life cycle exposure modulates progeny responses to ocean acidification in slipper limpets
Authors: Maboloc Elizaldy A. , Chan Kit Yu Karen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMultigenerational exposure is needed to assess the evolutionary potential of organisms in the rapidly changing seascape. Here, we investigate if there is a transgenerational effect of ocean acidification exposure on a calyptraeid gastropod such that long‐term exposure elevates offspring resilience. Larvae from wild type Crepidula onyx adults were reared from hatching until sexual maturity for over 36 months under three pH conditions (pH 7.3, 7.7, and 8.0). While the survivorship, growth, and respiration rate of F1 larvae were unaffected by acute ocean acidification (OA), long‐term and whole life cycle exposure significantly compromised adult survivorship, growth, and reproductive output of the slipper limpets. When kept under low pH throughout their life cycle, only 6% of the F1 slipper limpets survived pH 7.3 conditions after ~2.5 years and the number of larvae they released was ~10% of those released by the control. However, the F2 progeny from adults kept under the long‐term low pH condition hatched at a comparable size to those in medium and control pH conditions. More importantly, these F2 progeny from low pH adults outperformed F2 slipper limpets from control conditions; they had higher larval survivorship and growth, and reduced respiration rate across pH conditions, even at the extreme low pH of 7.0. The intragenerational negative consequences of OA during long‐term acclimation highlights potential carryover effects and ontogenetic shifts in stress vulnerability, especially prior to and during reproduction. Yet, the presence of a transgenerational effect implies that this slipper limpet, which has been widely introduced along the West Pacific coasts, has the potential to adapt to rapid acidification.
Multi‐decade tree mortality in temperate old‐growth forests of Europe and North America: Non‐equilibrial dynamics and species‐individualistic response to disturbance
Authors: Woods Kerry D. , Nagel Thomas A. , Brzeziecki Bogdan , Cowell C. Mark , Firm Dejan , Jaloviar Peter , Kucbel Stanislav , Lin Yiching , Maciejewski Zbigniew , Szwagrzyk Jerzy , Vencurik Jaroslav 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimOld‐growth, mesic temperate forests are often assumed to be structured by gap‐phase processes, resulting in quasi‐equilibrial long‐term dynamics. This assumption influences management focused on simulation of natural disturbance dynamics and is embedded in most models of forest successional dynamics. We use multi‐decade monitoring of permanent plots in old‐growth forests to assess demographic assumptions directly with respect to tree mortality rates.LocationSixteen sites in mesic, temperate old‐growth forests in eastern North America and Europe with multi‐decade monitoring.Time periodVariable across sites, spanning c. 20–78 years from 1936 to 2014.Major taxa studiedTree species of late‐successional, cool‐temperate forests of Europe and eastern North America.MethodsWe calculated and compared the annualized mortality rates (m), with confidence intervals, by species, size class and measurement interval, for tree species of sufficient abundance.ResultsRetrospective analysis shows dynamic and diverse demographic properties across populations and sites. Stand‐scale mortality rates of 0.7–2.5%/year average higher than previous estimates for old‐growth temperate forests. Variations among species, over time and among size classes, suggest that gap‐phase models are inadequate to explain stand dynamics, implying instead that rare disturbance events of moderate severity have long‐lasting effects in old‐growth forests and that indirect anthropogenic influences affect old‐growth, unlogged forests.Main conclusionsMulti‐decade baseline data, essential for understanding community assembly and long‐term dynamics in these “slow systems,” are rare and poorly integrated. Our analysis demonstrates the value of the few long‐term, “legacy” data sets. Results suggest that differences in life history interact with complex disturbance histories, resulting in non‐equilibrial dynamics in old‐growth temperate tree communities, and that changes in disturbance patterns through anthropogenic climate change might, therefore, be an important driver of ecosystem change.
Using δ18O and δ2H to Detect Hydraulic Connection Between a Sinkhole Lake and a First‐Magnitude Spring
Authors: Ahmed Nur , Ye Ming , Wang Yang , Greenhalgh Tom , Fowler Karlee 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOxygen and hydrogen isotopes were used in this study to detect a hydraulic connection between a sinkhole lake and a karst spring. In karst areas, surface water that flows to a lake can drain through sinkholes in the lakebed to the underlying aquifer, and then flows in karst conduits and through aquifer matrix. At the study site located in northwest Florida, USA, Lake Miccosukee immediately drains into two sinkholes. Results from a dye tracing experiment indicate that lake water discharges at Natural Bridge Spring, a first‐magnitude spring 32 km downgradient from the lake. By collecting weekly water samples from the lake, the spring, and a groundwater well 10 m away from the lake during the dry period between October 2019 and January 2020, it was found that, when rainfall effects on isotopic signature in spring water are removed, increased isotope ratios of spring water can be explained by mixing of heavy‐isotope‐enriched lake water into groundwater, indicating hydraulic connection between the lake and the spring. Such a detection of hydraulic connection at the scale of tens of kilometers and for a first‐magnitude spring has not been previously reported in the literature. Based on the isotope ratio data, it was estimated that, during the study period, about 8.5% the spring discharge was the lake water that drained into the lake sinkholes.
A priori power considerations in Endodontic Research. Do we miss the timeline?
Authors: Tzanetakis G. N. , Koletsi D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo record the prevalence of a priori power calculations in manuscripts published in three endodontic journals between 2018 and 2020 and detect further associations with a number of study characteristics including journal, publication year, study design, geographic region, number of centres and authors, whether the primary outcome pertained to a statistically significant effect and whether confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.MethodologyThe contents of the three leading endodontic journals with the highest impact factor (International Endodontic Journal, IEJ; Journal of Endodontics, JOE; and Australian Endodontic Journal, AEJ) were assessed from January 2018 to December 2020. The proportion of articles reporting a priori power calculations were recorded, and relevant associations as described above were assessed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify significant predictors, whilst interaction and linear trend effects were also considered.ResultsA total of 716 original research articles were included. The vast majority were published in the JOE (417/716; 58.2%), followed by the IEJ (225/716; 31.4%) and the AEJ (74/716; 10.4%). Overall, a priori power considerations were reported in 243 out of 716 articles (33.9%). The IEJ presented 1.61 times higher odds for including a priori power considerations compared to JOE (adjusted odds ratio, OR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.11, 2.34), whilst for the AEJ, the corresponding odds were 41% lower in comparison to JOE (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.31, 1.14). For each additional year indicating more recent publication, the odds for adopting appropriate reporting practices for power considerations were increased by 64% (adjusted OR = 1.64; 95%CIs: 1.32, 2.04). There was strong evidence that interventional research was associated with 10.54 times higher odds for a priori considerations compared to observational study design (adjusted OR = 10.54; 95%CIs: 5.50, 20.19).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of failure to include a priori power considerations was indicative of suboptimal reporting in endodontic research, in the three endodontic journals analysed. Although the condition improved over time, efforts to incorporate a correct determination of the required sample size at the design stage for any future study should be endorsed by journal editors, authors and the scientific community.
Three labour governance mechanisms for addressing decent work deficits in global value chains
Authors: ANNER Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe literature on global value chains (GVCs) has identified six governance mechanisms for addressing decent work deficits (Gereffi and Lee 2016). Drawing on research in Bangladesh, Honduras and Viet Nam, this article argues that the most effective governance mechanisms are those that mitigate GVC power asymmetries. Three such mechanisms are: (1) public governance, because it harnesses the power of the State; (2) encompassing collective bargaining agreements; and (3) multi‐actor global binding agreements. Variations in governance gaps in national labour relations regimes, and patterns and strategies of worker resistance will shape which mechanism most effectively addresses decent work deficits.