bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the middle ear: Unpredictable tumor behavior and tendency for recurrence
Authors: van der Lans Rik J. L. , Engel Michelle S. D. , Rijken Johannes A. , Hensen Erik F. , Bloemena Elisabeth , van der Torn Marein , Leemans Charles R. , Smit Conrad F. G. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMiddle ear adenomatous neuroendocrine tumors (MEANTs) are rare temporal bone tumors. This study evaluates its clinical behavior and therapy outcome.MethodRetrospective case review in a tertiary referral center evaluating histopathology, immunohistochemistry, treatment, and outcome.ResultsNine patients were diagnosed with MEANT. One patient presented with locally invasive tumor and underwent extensive en‐bloc tumor resection with adjuvant radiotherapy. Seven of eight patients with locally non‐aggressive tumor confined to the tympanomastoid space underwent tumor resection. Two patients were disease‐free, five presented recurrence, even after apparent successful surgery. All tumors showed neuroendocrine features. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry did not yield prognostic tumor characteristics.ConclusionMEANTs are rare tumors with uncertain biological behavior and subsequent unpredictable clinical course. The preferred treatment is complete surgical tumor resection. They have a high tendency for recurrence, irrespective of negative intermediary surgery. As of yet, there are no prognostic biomarkers, including histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
A novel tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1/liver/cachexia score predicts prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer patients
Authors: Prokopchuk Olga , Hermann Chris D. , Schoeps Benjamin , Nitsche Ulrich , Prokopchuk Oleksii L. , Knolle Percy , Friess Helmut , Martignoni Marc E. , Krüger Achim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCachexia, a devastating syndrome in cancer patients, critically determines survival and life quality. It is characterized by impaired homeostasis of multiple organs including the liver, involves tissue wasting, and is conventionally diagnosed and classified by weight loss (WL). However, recent studies pointed at the problem that WL is not sufficient for precise classification of cancer patients according to disease severity (i.e. prognosis). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) is an easily accessible cachexia‐associated biomarker in the blood, known to alter liver homeostasis. Here, we investigated the value of combining blood levels of TIMP‐1 with parameters of liver functionality towards establishment of a cachexia‐associated clinical score, which predicts survival of cancer patients, reflects the clinical manifestation of cachexia, and is easily accessible in the clinic.MethodsThe TIMP‐1/liver cachexia (TLC) score, expressed as numerical value ranging from 0 to 1, was calculated by categorizing the blood levels of TIMP‐1 and parameters of liver functionality (C‐reactive protein, ferritin, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, albumin, and total protein) for each patient as below/above a certain risk threshold. The TLC score was tested in a cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 82, 35.4% women, 64.6% men, median age: 70 years) and validated in a cohort of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients (n = 84, 54.8% women, 45.2% men, median age: 69 years).ResultsIn CRC patients, the TLC score positively correlated with presence of cachexia‐related symptoms (WL, impaired liver function), predicted survival [P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR): 96.91 (9.85–953.90)], and allowed classification of three prognostically distinct patient subpopulations [low (LO)‐risk, intermediate (IM)‐risk, and high (HI)‐risk groups; LO vs. IM: P = 0.003, LO vs. HI: P < 0.001, IM vs. HI: P = 0.029]. The prognostic power of the cachexia‐associated TLC score [P < 0.001, HR: 7.37 (2.80–19.49)] and its application to define risk groups (LO vs. IM: P = 0.032, LO vs. HI: P < 0.001, IM vs. HI: P = 0.014) was confirmed in a cohort of PC patients. The prognostic power of the TLC score was independent of presence of liver metastases in CRC or PC patients and was superior to clinically established staging classifications.ConclusionsThe TLC score, a result of straightforward determination of blood parameters, is an objective cachexia‐associated clinical tool for precise survival prediction of gastrointestinal cancer patients.
An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the ignition delay and heat release characteristics of a five component gasoline surrogate and its blends with iso‐butanol within a rapid compression machine
Authors: Michelbach Christian , Tomlin Alison 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the performance of a five component gasoline surrogate (iso‐octane, toluene, n‐heptane, 1‐hexene, and ethanol) in representing the ignition delay time (IDT) behavior of gasoline (reference gasoline PR5801—research octane number 95.4, motor octane number 86.6), at conditions of 675–870 K, 20 bar, and Ф = 1 (stoichiometric) within a rapid compression machine (RCM). Experimentally, the surrogate produces a good representation of the ignition behavior of the gasoline at these conditions, displaying a similar IDT profile. The influence of blending with iso‐butanol on the surrogate's ignition delay behavior is also investigated, at blends from 5% to 70% of iso‐butanol by volume. The surrogate continues to produce a reasonable representation of the experimental IDTs of gasoline and iso‐butanol blends, except under a high degree of iso‐butanol blending (50% iso‐butanol), where the surrogate produced longer IDTs, particularly at temperatures below 740 K. Blends of 5% and 10% iso‐butanol produce IDTs shorter than that of any other blend, including the “neat” surrogate, at temperatures of 740–770 and 830 K, respectively. Kinetic modeling of RCM IDTs is performed using CHEMKIN‐PRO (Reaction Design: San Diego, CA, 2011) and a combined mechanism of the Sarathy et al. butanol isomers mechanism (Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2014; 44: 40–102) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories “Gasoline Surrogate” mechanism (Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2011; 33(1): 193–200). The model produces good IDT predictions below 740 K but overpredicts reactivity in the negative temperature coefficient region. Heat release rate analysis is conducted for experimental and modeling results to investigate low‐temperature heat release (LTHR) behavior. Simulations largely fail to accurately reproduce this behavior. This analysis, combined with local OH and brute force Δhf sensitivity analyses, indicates the significance of LTHR in the determination of IDTs and provides RCM heat release rates for future model validation.
Hepatitis C Virus RNA Transcript Associates with Prognosis in Non‐human Papillomavirus Associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Bin , Zhu Gangcai , Chen Changhan , Zheng Siyuan , Pu Yuting , Xu Yimin , Huang Huimei , Wang Gang , Huang Donghai , Liu Yong , Zhang Xin 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisHepatitis C virus (HCV) was reported to associate with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in many studies. However, its correlation with prognosis of non‐human papillomavirus (HPV) associated HNSCC remains unknown. Here, we sought to investigate clinical significance of HCV RNA transcript in non‐HPV associated HNSCC by analyzing corresponding RNA‐seq data.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsFour hundred and forty‐eight non‐HPV associated HNSCC patients with aligned RNA‐seq and clinical follow‐up data were included and divided into two groups: low‐HCV and high‐HCV. Means of continuous variables and proportions of categorical variables were compared using independent sample t‐test and chi‐square test, respectively. Survival data were compared using Cox regression analysis, Kaplan–Meier curves, and log‐rank test. Expression of genome‐wide mRNAs and abundance of immune cells were compared using volcano plot and cell signature estimated score analysis.ResultsHCV RNA transcript negatively correlates with pathologic (P = .028) and clinical‐stage (P = .023), clinical N stage (P = .025), and nodal extracapsular spread (P = .042) and is an independent prognosis factor in non‐HPV associated HNSCC (HR = 1.488; 95% CI: 1.004–2.206; P = .048). Elevated expression of HCV improved 5‐year overall survival (43.6% vs. 53.2%; P = .035) in all non‐HPV associated HNSCC patients, the same as in male (46.6% vs. 58.7%; P = .049), clinical M0 stage (42.8% vs. 52.9%; P = .036), white (42.9% vs. 55.9%; P = .010), and histologic grade 1 to 2 subgroups (42.1% vs. 57.2%; P = .043). The expression of several immune‐related genes and abundance of some immune cells significantly changed with the increase of HCV RNA transcript, while HCV‐related oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene did not.ConclusionsHCV RNA transcript is an independent favorable factor for prognosis of non‐HPV associated HNSCC.Levels of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1774–1781, 2021
Constantly low‐phase‐noise differential VCO based on balanced tunable quasi‐elliptic and constant‐ABW BPF
Authors: Li Zhiyou , Tang Xiaohong , Liu Yong , Lu Di , Cai Zongqi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, a parallel‐feedback differential voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) with constantly low‐phase noise and frequency tuning range (FTR) of 1.72–2.12 GHz (20.8%) is presented. The presented differential VCO with differential outputs and low‐phase noise is achieved using a four‐pole tunable balanced bandpass filter (BAL‐BPF) with quasi‐elliptic frequency response as a frequency stabilization element. The low‐phase noise is obtained and maintained because of the high in‐band group delay and the constant absolute bandwidth (CABW) of the used tunable BAL‐BPF. For demonstration, an example is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured oscillation frequency of the differential VCO can be tuned from 1.72–2.12 GHz (20.8%) and the phase noises keep better than −99 dBc/Hz @100 kHz and − 129.1 dBc/Hz @1 MHz over the FTR. In the meantime, the differential oscillating signals are generated at two outputs.
Administration Method of Adjuvant Tegafur-Uracil and Leucovorin Calcium in Patients with Resected Colorectal Cancer: A Phase III Study
Authors: Hata Taishi , Hagihara Kiyotaka , Tsutsui Anna , Akamatsu Hiroki , Ohue Masayuki , Shingai Tatsushi , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Ikenaga Masakazu , Kim Ho Min , Osawa Hideki , Takemoto Hiroyoshi , Konishi Ken , Uemura Mamoru , Matsuda Chu , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Murata Kohei , Ohno Yuko , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The 3-year disease-free survival rate of the twice-daily regimen was not inferior to that of the conventional three-times-daily regimen, and the twice-daily regimen did not lead to an increase in adverse events. The effectiveness of the twice-daily regimen highlights an increased number of treatment options for patients. This will facilitate personalized medicine, particularly for elderly or frail patients who may experience more severe side effects from the combination therapy.

Background
Tegafur-uracil (UFT)/leucovorin calcium (LV) is an adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for colorectal cancer. We conducted a multicenter randomized trial to assess the noninferiority of a twice-daily compared with a three-times-daily UFT/LV regimen for stage II/III colorectal cancer in an adjuvant setting.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to group A (three doses of UFT [300 mg/m2 per day]/LV [75 mg per day]) or B (two doses of UFT [300 mg/m2 per day]/LV [50 mg per day]). The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival.

Results
In total, 386 patients were enrolled between July 28, 2011, and September 27, 2013. The 3-year disease-free survival rates of group A (n = 194) and B (n = 192) were 79.4% and 81.4% (95% confidence interval, 72.6–84.4–74.5–85.9), respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events in group A and B were diarrhea (3.9% vs. 7.3%), neutropenia (2.9% vs. 1.6%), increase in aspartate aminotransferase (4.0% vs. 3.9%), increase in alanine aminotransferase (6.2% vs. 6.8%), nausea (1.7% vs. 3.4%), and fatigue (1.1% vs. 2.3%).

Conclusion
Group B outcomes were not inferior to group A outcomes, and adverse events did not increase.
Analysis of fentanyl pharmacokinetics, and its sedative effects and tolerance in critically ill children
Authors: Lim Sin Yin , Miller Jamie L. , Henry Emilie , Heltsley Rebecca , Woo Sukyung , Johnson Peter N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionFentanyl pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are limited in mechanically ventilated children. This study aimed to assess the fentanyl pharmacokinetics (PK), the sedation outcome, and the development of tolerance in children receiving fentanyl continuous infusion.MethodsThis study included children admitted to the pediatric or cardiovascular intensive care unit between January 1 and October 31, 2016, who were >30 days to <18 years of age, receiving ventilatory support via endotracheal tube or tracheostomy, and receiving a fentanyl infusion. Population PK analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects model. The relationship between initial sedation outcome using State Behavioral Scale (SBS) and fentanyl exposure was assessed, and the observations consistent with tolerance were described.ResultsSeventeen children, with a median age of 0.83 years (range: 0.1–12) and weight of 8.7 kg (range: 3.4–52), were included. The fentanyl PK was adequately described by a weight‐based allometry model with the power of 0.75 for clearance (CL=89.8 L/hr/70 kg) and distributional CL, and 1 for volumes of distribution. In infants <6.6 months, age was an additional factor for CL (31.4 L/h/70 kg) to account for age‐related maturation. Seven of twelve nonparalyzed patients achieved goal sedation, defined as >80% of SBS scores ≤0 per 24 h, on the first day of fentanyl infusion with a median plasma concentration of 1.29 ng/ml (interquartile range: 0.78–2.05). Eight of the nine tolerant patients developed tolerance within a day of reaching goal sedation.ConclusionDifferent weight‐based fentanyl dosing rates may be required for infants and children of different ages to achieve similar plasma concentrations. Using SBS scores may guide the dosing titration of fentanyl that resulted in plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range of 1–3 ng/ml. For those who developed tolerance to fentanyl and/or a sedative, it was noted one day after goal sedation was achieved.
Two‐Step Fabrication of Durable, Flexible, and Fluorine‐Free Superhydrophobic SiO2‐Silane@Fabric for Self‐Cleaning Application
Authors: Pal Sukanta , Mondal Sourav , Das Ajit , Mondal Debasish , Maity Jayanta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this present research, a superhydrophobic cotton fabric exhibiting a water contact angle of 155.2° has been prepared via dip‐coating technique involving silica nanoparticle deposition followed by silane hydrophobization. Interestingly, the mirror‐like phenomenon was also observed at the interface between was and modified cotton fabric. The surface morphology and microstructure of the modified fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed for functional group detection on a modified cotton surface. For practical applications, the washing durability was characterized by measuring contact angle values before and after washing cycles. Besides this, the durability of the superhydrophobic cotton fabric was measured under different harsh environmental conditions such as highly acidic, neutral, and highly basic environment. After each measurement, water contact angles and sliding angles were measured for dynamic stabilities. Again the modified coated cotton fabric showed strong resistance to the various organic solvents. Along with the above studies, the physical and mechanical durability of the coated fabric was also measured for both industrial and household importance.
Chromic Properties of Carboxyphenyl Viologen Induced by Complexation in Cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Luo Dan , Guang Long‐Yu , Lin Rong‐Guang , Zhang Ning‐Ning , Liu Mei‐Chen , Lin Rui‐Lian , Sun Wen‐Qi , Liu Jing‐Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUpon encapsulation in cucurbit[7]uril, carboxyphenyl viologen exhibited dramatically enhanced photochromism, while its alkaline form exhibited enhanced thermochromism. ESR experiments and reorientation energy calculation indicate that these chromic behaviors are caused by the electron transfer from the host to the guest.
Back to the future: The effect of returning family successions on firm performance
Authors: Amore Mario Daniele , Bennedsen Morten , Le Breton‐Miller Isabelle , Miller Danny 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWe study successions from a non‐family CEO back to a family CEO, which we label “Type‐R" successions. In our sample of 489 Italian family firms experiencing the departure of non‐family CEOs, these successions represent 42% of all cases. Our difference‐in‐differences results indicate that family firms undertaking Type‐R successions experience an 18% superiority in profitability. Exploring the heterogeneity underlying this result, we find that Type‐R successions produce weaker results in contexts that are highly volatile and that rely on innovative inputs before succession. Finally, in studying the drivers of the performance increase, we find that Type‐R successions reduce labor costs and spur efficiency. Collectively, our evidence suggests that Type‐R successions improve performance by leveraging family assets while avoiding dysfunctional nepotism and other parochial family priorities.Managerial SummaryHow does CEO succession affect family business performance? In this article, we study an unexplored yet common succession pattern in mature family firms—the appointment of a family member following the tenure of an outside CEO. Surprisingly, we find that when, after a period of professional leadership, a family CEO returns to lead the company; the firm exhibits an 18% advantage in profitability. This result is more prevalent in stable industries, where traditional family assets prove especially valuable. A key takeaway of our study is that family leadership can enhance performance in companies that have already professionalized their governance, and thus have learned to reconcile meritocratic principles with family‐based assets.
Microenvironment‐Protected Exosome‐Hydrogel for Facilitating Endometrial Regeneration, Fertility Restoration, and Live Birth of Offspring
Authors: Lin Jiaying , Wang Zhen , Huang Jialyu , Tang Shengluan , Saiding Qimanguli , Zhu Qianqian , Cui Wenguo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThin endometrium is a primary cause of failed embryo transfer, resulting in long‐term infertility and negative family outcomes. While hormonal treatments have greatly improved fertility results for some women, these responses remain unsatisfactory due to damage and infection of the complex endometrial microenvironment. In this study, a multifunctional microenvironment‐protected exosome‐hydrogel is designed for facilitating endometrial regeneration and fertility restoration via in situ microinjection and endometrial regeneration. This exosome hydrogel is formulated via Ag+‐S dynamic coordination and fusion with adipose stem cell‐derived exosomes (ADSC‐exo), yielding an injectable preparation that is sufficient to mitigate infection risk while also possessing the antigenic contents and paracrine signaling activity of the ADSC source cells, enabling regeneration of the endometrial microenvironment. In vitro, this exosome‐hydrogel exerts an outstanding neovascularization‐promoting effect, increased human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation for 1.87 and 2.2 folds. In vivo, microenvironment‐protected exosome‐hydrogel also reveals to promote neovascularization and tissue regeneration while suppressing local tissue fibrosis. Importantly, regenerated endometrial tissue is more receptive to give embryos and birth to a healthy newborn. This microenvironment‐protected exosome‐hydrogel system offers a convenient, safe, and noninvasive approach for repairing thin endometrium and fertility restoration.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy distribution in older people: A cautionary note
Authors: Alakbarzade Vafa , French Jonathan MR , Howlett David R , Attems Johannes , Francis Paul T , Stratton Sarah , Clark Camilla N , Pereira Anthony C , Hainsworth Atticus H 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionRadiolabeled ligands for fibrillar amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are used in positron emission tomography (PET) for dementia diagnosis. Current ligands do not discriminate parenchymal amyloid plaques from cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).MethodsWe undertook neuropathological examination of 65 older people (81.6 ± 7.96 (mean ± SD) years, 27F/38M): 15 with neuropathological diagnosis of AD, 25 with neuropathological diagnosis of other neurodegenerative dementias (Lewy body dementia and Parkinson disease dementia), and 25 without significant neurodegenerative pathology.ResultsWe observed CAA in non‐Alzheimer's dementia (non‐AD dementia) and control brains, of comparable extent to those with neuropathologically confirmed AD. Aβ‐positive vessel density did not differ significantly between non‐AD dementia and control groups. Across all subjects there was a highly significant correlation between vessel Aβ40 density and vessel Aβ42 density (Spearman rho = 0.855, P < .001). CAA was absent or sparse in subcortical white matter across all patient groups.ConclusionOur data indicate that CAA can be abundant in non‐AD brains and raise a cautionary note regarding interpretation of amyloid PET imaging.
Efficacy of grape seed hydro‐alcoholic extract in the treatment of experimentally Pasteurella multocida infected rabbits
Authors: El‐Sheikh Sawsan M. A. , Youssef Fatma M. , Mohamed Haidi I. , El‐Saber Batiha Gaber , Albrakati Ashraf , Galal Azza A. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPasteurellosis is one of the rabbit's most bacterial severe diseases and leads to considerable financial damages in large production systems worldwide. Antibiotic use in animals may lead to antibiotic residues in animal products, including meat. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the potential role of grape seed extract (GSE) in treating Pasteurella multocida infection in rabbits. For this purpose, 45 weaned male New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups; control, infected and infected‐GSE treated. Experimental P. multocida infection in rabbits induced a remarkable decrease in body weight, body weight gain, as well as microcytic hypochromic anaemia, leucocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia. Also, a significant increase in the hepatic and renal injury biomarkers, in interleukin‐6, total globulin, α, β and γ globulins, as well as a marked reduction in total protein and albumin, were recorded in the P. multocida‐infected rabbits. Treatment of infected rabbits with GSE modulated most of these altered parameters. This study endorses the administration of GSE for the treatment of Pasteurellosis in rabbits. Further studies are required to identify the possible additional effects, appropriate doses and duration of the GSE therapy in rabbits Pasteurellosis.