bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Choroidal Volume and Determinants of Choroidal Volume and Visual Acuity in Entire Macula-involved Myopic Retinoschisis
Authors: Li Shiwei , Li Tingting , Lu Bin , Chen Yan , Zhang Xueyan , Hu Jianyan , Wu Qiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate alterations in the choroidal volume (CV) of eyes with entire macula-involved myopic retinoschisis (MRS) and to investigate predictive factors for CV and visual acuity.
Methods
This cross-sectional observational study recruited 32 MRS eyes, 52 non-MRS highly myopic eyes, and 55 emmetropic eyes. Retinal and choroidal morphological findings were obtained using SD-OCT. The CV of the three groups was compared, and factors associated with CV and BCVA were analyzed.
Results
The macular CV was significantly lower in MRS eyes than in emmetropic eyes (P < 0.0001) and in non-MRS highly myopic eyes (P < 0.05). The difference in CV for MRS eyes among the superior (0.34 ± 0.16 mm3), inferior (0.33 ± 0.17 mm3), nasal (0.27 ± 0.12 mm3) and temporal (0.34 ± 0.21 mm3) quadrants was not significant (P = 0.3755). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the total macular CV in MRS eyes was negatively correlated with axial length (P = 0.0459), decreasing by 0.19 mm3 for each millimeter of axial length. Refractive error and defects in the ellipsoid zone (EZ) were associated with BCVA in logMAR units (P = 0.0075 and 0.0002, respectively); BCVA decreased by 0.027 logMAR units for each diopter of myopia. The total macular retinal volume (RV) in MRS eyes with EZ defects was higher than that in eyes with intact or partially continuous EZs (P = 0.0460).
Conclusion
In MRS eyes, the choroid is thinner, the total macular CV deceases as the axial length increases, and the severity of myopia and the integrity of the EZ, associated with the schisic extent are predictors of visual acuity, and the decrease of the macular CV is not the influencing factor of the visual function.
Dipole Pattern of Meridional Atmospheric Internal Energy Transport Across the Arctic Gate
Authors: Latonin Mikhail M. , Bobylev Leonid P. , Bashmachnikov Igor L. , Davy Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
High-latitude atmospheric meridional energy transport plays a fundamental role in the Arctic climate system. However, despite numerous studies, there are no established clear regional features of the atmospheric energy transport components from a large-scale perspective. This study aims at investigating the internal energy and its instantaneous sensible and latent heat transports in the troposphere through the Arctic gate at 70°N using the high-resolution climate reanalysis ERA5. We have done a regional analysis of the time series of heat fluxes across the zonal section and found by decomposing them into the empirical orthogonal functions that they have opposing features for the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. In particular, the sensible heat transport dominates in the Western Hemisphere, whereas the latent heat transport dominates in the Eastern Hemisphere. Moreover, we detected the existence of an anti-phase dipole pattern for each of these components in the entire troposphere, which is robust because it was retained during both the climate cooling in 1950–1978 and warming in 1979–2019. The hemispheric net fluxes indicate that the Arctic gains internal energy mostly due to the latent heat transport.
The Influence of the Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on 15-year Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference in Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)
Authors: Barzin Maryam , Aryannezhad Shayan , Bagheri Mohammad , Mahdavi Maryam , Valizadeh Majid , Azizi Fereidoun , Hosseinpanah Farhad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective

To examine the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on weight and waist circumference (WC) changes among the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study from 1999 to 2015.
Methods

This prospective cohort study included 4895 participants aged ≥ 20 years (41.3% men), who were divided based on sex into eleven 10-year age groups. Analyses were conducted to explicitly assess the effects of age vs. period on weight and WC changes. We also implicitly assessed weight and WC variations regarding different cohorts and period-specific experiences across various age groups.
Results

Upon 15 years of follow-up, the mean weight of men increased from 75.2 ± 12.3 to 80.5 ± 14.3 kg, and this trend was accompanied by an increase in WC from 88.8 ± 10.9 to 97.8 ± 10.4 cm. Men in all age cohorts tended to have a rise in their weight with aging throughout the follow-up period (coefficient for age: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.45–0.93). Considering WC changes, all age cohorts had a rising trend throughout the follow-up period with aging (coefficient for age: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96). Women in all age cohorts tended to have a rise in their weight throughout the follow-up period with aging (coefficient for age: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.28–1.68). Considering the changes of WC, all age cohorts had an ascending trend throughout the follow-up period with aging (coefficient for age: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14–1.50).
Conclusion

The rise in weight and WC was strongly age-dependent in both sexes. The men born in the recent birth cohorts and the women born in earlier birth cohorts had the most alarming weight and WC gains. More efforts must be spent on obesity prevention policies, especially for younger men.
Patterns and determinants of eating healthy in Kenya
Authors: Wambiya Elvis Omondi Achach , Kisia Lyagamula , Osindo Jane , Kisiangani Isaac , Kipruto Samuel , Ilboudo Patrick Gueswende , Donfouet Hermann Pythagore Pierre , Mohamed Shukri Farah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) with diet being a key risk factor. Policies to tackle diet-related NCDs require a broader understanding of patterns and drivers of healthy eating to inform interventions. This study assessed the patterns and determinants of eating healthy in Kenya.
Methods

This study used cross-sectional data from the 2015/16 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS). The outcome variable for this study was a continuous healthy diet index (HDI) developed using nine WHO/FAO healthy diet recommendations through principal component analysis (PCA), as a measure of eating healthy. The HDI score and the proportion of Kenyan households meeting WHO/ FAO healthy diet recommendations for the nine dietary components were summarized by gender of the household head, residence, and socioeconomic status. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess determinants of eating healthy in Kenya. Crude and adjusted marginal effects and 95% CI were used to assess the strength of association.
Results

A total of 21,512 households in Kenya were included in the sample of which 60% were rural and about two thirds headed by males. The HDI index ranged from − 1.13 to 1.70, with a higher score indicating healthier eating. The mean HDI score in Kenya was 0.24, which was considered moderate, with urban residents having a higher score (0.25) than rural residents (0.23). No Kenyan household met all the nine healthy diet recommendations with majority (84%) meeting four or less. Healthy eating was associated with higher socioeconomic status (0.28, 95% CI 0.27–0.30), living in a rural area (0.16, 95% CI 0.14–0.19), having children under five years (0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.03) in the household, and the household head being female, having education, being employed or in union.
Conclusion

In conclusion, the majority of Kenyan households do not meet all the healthy dietary recommendations. Furthermore, eating healthy is associated with higher socioeconomic status, living in a rural area, having children under 5 years in the household, and the household head having education, being in employment and in union. The findings from this study can be used to inform policies that promote healthy eating and the prevention of diet-related NCDs among the Kenyan population.
Metrology applied to Human Ecology: critical analysis of geospatial data for regionalization of Brazilian Anthromes
Authors: Gobbo Maximiliano Soares Lemos Araujo , Araujo Thiago de Oliveira , Salema Claudia de Oliveira Faria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Establishing territorial planning tools that meet the precepts of sustainable development is always challenging. In this sense, anthromes emerge as a differential mechanism. Its structure considers population and environmental parameters, which optimizes the recognition of areas of interest in the territory. However, it is necessary to consider regional aspects, approaching the input data in the cluster analysis. Assuming this, data on population density and land use and cover of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (INDE – Brazil) were analyzed as a source for regionalization. Therefore, an analytical system based on the ISO/IEC 17025 standard was proposed. Globally, this standard is used to guarantee the quality of results through the metrological pillars. Thus, the validation parameters were used to assess the adequacy of the methods to the intended uses and the ability to bring the data closer to the local reality. The tools to guarantee the validity of internal results guided the verification of the quality of treatments performed on the results generated by the methods. The results show that the methods meet their respective scopes, framing the geospatial information investigated in the acceptance profile required for the regionalization of Brazilian anthromes. Furthermore, they bring the information closer to the local reality and characterize important natural features. In this way, the quality of the geospatial data indexed in the INDE to be applied in the cluster analysis was guaranteed. Furthermore, a resource that collaborates in the critical analysis of the results and in the evaluation of environmental and anthropic methods was presented.
Clinical Features and Long-term Outcomes of Lymphoma Patients Initially Presenting as Fever With Unknown Origin
Authors: Wu Min , Wulipan Fulati , Ma Jiexian , Qian Wensi , Sun Shunrong , Chen Pingping , Xu Yu , Shen Lin , Xie Yanhui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLymphoma is found to be the main source of non-infectious fever of unknown origin (FUO). However, there is a lack of clinical features and outcomes in lymphoma patients initially presenting as FUO.MethodsFrom January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019, our center enrolled 185 patients who initially presented as FUO then confirmed to be lymphoma in Huadong Hospital of Fudan University. During the same study period, 332 lymphoma patients without FUO received treatment in our center. After the exclusion, 509 patients were included in the retrospectively study. The differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, overall response rates and survival rates between the FUO and non-FUO groups were analyzed. The clinical endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS).ResultsIn the non-FUO group (329 in total), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) was 17 (5.2%), B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL) was 276 (83.9%), T cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (T-NHL) was 32 (9.7%) and NK/T cell lymphoma (NK/T-CL) was 4 (1.2%). In the FUO group (180 in total), B-NHL was 88 (48.9%), T-NHL was 60 (33.3%), NK/T-CL was 24 (13.3%) and HL was 8 (4.4%). During the hospitalization, the maximum body temperature of the FUO group diagnosed with B-NHL, T-NHL and NK/T-CL was statistically higher than that of the non-FUO group (all P<0.05). Concerning the overall response rates, there was no difference between the FUO and non-FUO groups, whatever the pathological subtype was. The differences in OS between the FUO and non-FUO groups were significant for HL (P=0.006), B-NHL (P=0.007) and T-NHL (P=0.013). No difference in overall survival was observed in the two groups for the subtype of NK/T-CL (P=0.141). In terms of PFS, there was no significant difference between FUO and non-FUO groups for any subtype (all P>0.05).Conclusion﻿We found that the major subtypes of lymphoma initially presenting as FUO were B-NHL and T-NHL. The main diagnostic biopsy sites were subcutaneous lymphnodes, bone marrow and spleen for lymphoma patients with FUO. Patients with FUO suffered from a higher risk of all-cause death in the long term.
Genome Scale Constraint-Based Metabolic Reconstruction of Propionibacterium Freudenreichii DSM 20271
Authors: Borghei Mahsa Sadat Razavi , Mobasheri Meysam , Sobati Tabassom 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Propionibacterium is an anaerobic bacterium with a history of use in the production of Swiss cheese and, more recently, several industrial bioproducts. While the use of this strain for the production of organic acids and secondary metabolites has gained growing interest, the industrial application of the strain requires further improvement in the yield and productivity of the target products. Systems modeling and analysis of metabolic networks are widely leveraged to gain holistic insights into the metabolic features of biotechnologically important strains and to devise metabolic engineering and culture optimization strategies for economically viable bioprocess development. In the present study, a high-quality genome-scale metabolic model of P. freudenreichii ssp. freudenreichii strain DSM 20271 was developed based on the strain’s genome annotation and biochemical and physiological data. The model covers the functions of 23% of the strain’s ORFs and accounts for 711 metabolic reactions and 647 unique metabolites. Literature-based reconstruction of the central metabolism and rigorous refinement of annotation data for establishing gene-protein-reaction associations renders the model a curated omic-scale knowledge base of the organism. Validation of the model against experimental data indicates that the reconstruction can capture the key structural and functional features of P. freudenreichii metabolism, including the growth rate, the pattern of flux distribution, the strain’s aerotolerance behavior, and the change in the mode of metabolic activity during the transition from an anaerobic to an aerobic growth regime. The model also includes an accurately curated pathway of cobalamin biosynthesis, which was used to examine the capacity of the strain to produce vitamin B12 precursors. Constraint-based reconstruction and analysis of the P. freudenreichii metabolic network also provided novel insights into the complexity and robustness of P. freudenreichii energy metabolism. The developed reconstruction, hence, may be used as a platform for the development of P. freudenreichii-based microbial cell factories and bioprocesses.
Vitamin D Through Balancing Gut Microbiota to Improve Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (Nash): A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zeng Yilan , Luo Dongxia , Wang Li , Luo Mei , Mao Chuangjie , Zhu Li , Pan Lisha , Xu Siya , Wu Pengfei , Hu Rong , Wu Bei , Jin Hong , Liu Dafeng , Lin Jun , Li Qingfeng , Zhang Ruofei , Noureddin Mazen , Pandol Stephen , HAN YUAN-PING 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVitamin D deficiency (VDD) is overwhelmingly prevalent worldwide in association with metabolic syndrome (MetS), type-2 diabetes (T2D), and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Whether vitamin D supplement or treatment can improve these metabolic diseases is controversial, due in part to absence of large-scale trials. On the other hand, unbalanced gut microbiome, dysbiosis, plays key roles in these metabolic diseases. Moreover, whether sunlight exposure or vitamin D can determine the gut microbiome is elusive. The present study aims to investigate whether intramuscular administration of high dose of vitamin D2 can improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through balancing of gut microbiome. Methods/designIn a randomized, open-labeled, and parallel-group trial, NASH subjects will be enrolled and randomly allocated to receive ergocalciferol (VD2) treatment or not, n=80 for each group. The NASH patients, diagnosed according to the guideline for NAFLD treatment of China, will be given an initial dose of VD2 at 600,000IU by intramuscular injection followed by additional three administration every other 30 days with total of four injections in 120 days. Anthropometry, liver functions, the metabolic panel will be measured. Fatty liver index will be determined by topological analysis of ultrasound data. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and fecal microbiome will be measured. Discussion: This study will determine the efficacy of high dose of VD2 to relieve NASH symptoms and on gut microbiota. Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800017879, registered on Aguste 20th, 2018.
Identification of HBA2 and NR4A2 as Potential Prognostic Molecular Markers of MYCN Amplified Neuroblastoma
Authors: Peng Junwei , Lv Linya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Neuroblastoma is a common extracranial solid tumor in children, and the prognosis of children with MYCN amplified type is poor. The prognostic factors in children with MYCN amplified form are still unclear.
Methods
Download data sets GSE53371 and GSE49710 from GEO database. The GSE53371 data set is used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MYCN amplified and MYCN non-amplified NB patients, and then cross the key module genes in the WGCNA analysis results to obtain their key genes. Then these key genes were analyzed for GO and KEGG function enrichment to analyze their potential biological functions and signal pathways. Single-factor COX regression and multi-factor COX regression analysis are used to screen key genes related to prognosis from key genes to construct risk scores. Finally, qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression of HBA2 and NR4A2 in tissue samples collected from the clinic.
Results
20 core genes were obtained after intersecting the differential genes between MYCN amplified and non-amplified samples with WGCNA analysis results. Univariate COX regression analysis showed that a total of 4 genes were closely related to the overall survival of MYCN amplified NB patients (p < 0.05). Further multivariate COX regression analysis showed that HBA2 and NR4A2 have independent prognostic significance. Finally, the qRT-PCR test results of clinical samples showed that, compared with the MYCN unamplified group, the expression of HBA2 in the MYCN amplified group increased, and the expression of NR4A2 decreased.
Conclusion
HBA2 and NR4A2 are diagnostic prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for patients with MYCN amplified NB.
NGTS Observations of Enhanced Nanoflare Activity in Fully Convective Stars Linked to Plasma Resistivity
Authors: Dillon Christopher , Jess David , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Watson Chris , Jackman James , Wheatley Peter , Goad Michael , Casewell Sarah , Anderson David , Burleigh Matthew , Grant Samuel , West Richard , Vinés José 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Previous examination of fully-convective M-dwarf stars highlighted unexplained enhanced rates of nanoflare activity. A potential explanation was linked to the helical turbulence dynamo which operates in fully convective stars. However, recent studies have found this helical dynamo does not appear significantly different to the Solar dynamo. The specific role the convective boundary plays on observed nanoflare rates, until now, was not known. Here we find evidence that fully convective M2.5V (and later) stars display greatly enhanced nanoflare rates compared with their pre-convective boundary counterparts. Importantly, the rate of nanoflare activity increases with increasing spectral sub-type, with nanoflares exhibiting greatly enhanced flaring rates via Sweet-Parker reconnection. This occurs more favourably at increased plasma resistivities experienced in these later MV stars, suggesting a direct interplay between the rate of nanoflare occurrence and the intrinsic plasma parameters. As such, nanoflare behaviour is likely to be unrelated to the behaviour of the local dynamo.
Correlation Between Clinical and Histopathological Diagnoses in Oral Cavity Lesions: a 12-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Azad Azita , Niya Mehdi Sasan , Torabi Shima , Rezazadeh Fahime , Ranjbaran Alireza , Farzinnia Golnoush 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Proper diagnosis plays key roles in the treatment and prognosis of all diseases. Although histopathological diagnosis is still known as the gold standard, final diagnosis becomes difficult unless precise clinical descriptions are obtained. So, this study aimed to evaluate the consistency of the clinical and histopathological diagnoses of all oral and maxillofacial biopsy specimens in a 12–year duration.Methods: After receiving the ethical approval from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, archive files and clinical findings related to 3001 patients who had been referred to the Department of Oral Pathology during a 12-year period, were reviewed. The recorded information in files included age, sex, lesion’s location, clinical and histopathological diagnoses, and specialty of dentists.Results: Out of 3001 cases included and reviewed in this study, 2167 cases (72.2%) were consistent between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses. The highest frequency of oral lesions was found in the mandibular bone and the lowest one was in the floor of mouth. Age, sex, and clinician’s specialty were indicated to have no significant effect on diagnosis (p> 0.05), but location and type of lesion affected that (p <0.05). In regard to location, the highest consistency of clinical and histopathologic diagnoses was observed in mouth floor lesions and the lowest one was in gingival mucosa. In terms of lesion category, the highest and the lowest consistency rates belonged to white and red lesions and pigmented lesions, respectively.Conclusions: The results of the present study show that the consistency of clinical and histopathological diagnoses was three times more than their inconsistency, and the accuracy of the clinicians was largely acceptable.
Limited Scalability of Single Deep Neural Network for Surgical Instrument Segmentation in Different Surgical Environments
Authors: Kitaguchi Daichi , Fujino Toru , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Hasegawa Hiro , Mori Kensaku , Ito Masaaki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Clarifying the scalability of deep-learning-based surgical instrument segmentation networks in diverse surgical environments is important in recognizing the challenges of overfitting in surgical device development. This study comprehensively evaluated deep neural network scalability for surgical instrument segmentation, using 5238 images randomly extracted from 128 intraoperative videos. The video dataset contained 112 laparoscopic colorectal resection, 5 laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, 5 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and 6 laparoscopic partial hepatectomy cases. Deep-learning-based surgical instrument segmentation was performed for test sets with 1) the same conditions as the training set; 2) the same recognition target surgical instrument and surgery type but different laparoscopic recording systems; 3) the same laparoscopic recording system and surgery type but slightly different recognition target laparoscopic surgical forceps; 4) the same laparoscopic recording system and recognition target surgical instrument but different surgery types. The mean average precision and mean intersection over union for test sets 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.941 and 0.887, 0.866 and 0.671, 0.772 and 0.676, and 0.588 and 0.395, respectively. Therefore, the recognition accuracy decreased even under slightly different conditions. To enhance the generalization of deep neural networks in surgery, constructing a training set that considers diverse surgical environments under real-world conditions is crucial. Trial Registration Number: 2020–315, date of registration: October 5, 2020