bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of SnO2 in the Bifunctional Mechanism of CO Oxidation at Pt‐SnO2 Electrocatalysts
Authors: Huang Haoliang , Hayes Edward T. C. , Gianolio Diego , Cibin Giannantonio , Hage Fredrik S. , Ramasse Quentin M. , Russell Andrea E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPt‐Sn bimetallic catalysts, especially Pt‐Sn alloys, are considered highly CO‐tolerant and are thus candidates for reformate derived hydrogen oxidation and for direct oxidation of fuel cell molecules. However, it remains unclear if this CO‐tolerance originates from Sn in the Pt‐Sn alloy or whether SnO2, present as a separate phase, also contributes. In this work, a carbon‐supported Pt‐SnO2 was carefully synthesized to avoid the formation of Pt‐Sn alloy phases. The resulting structure was analysed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and detailed X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). CO oxidation voltammograms of the Pt‐SnO2/C and other SnO2‐modified Pt surfaces unambiguously suggest that a bifunctional mechanism is indeed operative at such Pt‐SnO2 catalysts for stable CO oxidation at low overpotentials. The results from these studies suggest that the bifunctional mechanism can be attributed to the co‐catalysis role of SnO2, in which the surface hydroxide of SnO2 (Sn‐OH) reacts with CO adsorbed on Pt surface (Pt‐COads) and regenerates via a SnII/SnIV reversible redox couple (−0.2–0.3 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode).
Nonmalignant meningioma and vestibular schwannoma incidence trends in the United States, 2004‐2017
Authors: Withrow Diana R. , Devesa Susan S. , Deapen Dennis , Petkov Valentina , Van Dyke Alison L. , Adamo Margaret , Armstrong Terri S. , Gilbert Mark R. , Linet Martha S. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundGiven concerns about risks associated with the growing use of mobile phones over recent decades, the authors analyzed temporal trends in incidence rates of nonmalignant meningioma and vestibular schwannoma in the United States.MethodsThe incidence of nonmalignant meningioma and vestibular schwannoma among adults in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries during 2004 through 2017 was evaluated according to the method of diagnosis: microscopically (MC) or radiographically confirmed (RGC). Annual percent changes (APCs) and 95% CIs were estimated using log‐linear models.ResultsOverall meningioma rates (n = 108,043) increased significantly from 2004 to 2009 (APC, 5.4%; 95% CI, 4.4%‐6.4%) but subsequently rose at a slower pace through 2017 (APC, 1.0%; 95% CI, 0.6%‐1.5%). Rates for MC meningiomas changed little from 2004 to 2017 (APC, −0.3%; 95% CI, −0.7%, 0.1%) but rose rapidly for RGC meningiomas until 2009 (APC, 9.5%; 95% CI, 7.8%‐11.1%) and rose more modestly thereafter (APC, 2.3%; 95% CI, 1.5%‐3.0%). Overall vestibular schwannoma rates (n = 17,475) were stable (APC, 0.4%; 95% CI, −0.2%, 1.0%), but MC vestibular schwannoma rates decreased (APC, −1.9%; 95% CI, −2.7%, −1.1%), whereas RGC vestibular schwannoma rates rose (2006‐2017: APC, 1.7%; 95% CI, 0.5%‐3.0%). For each tumor, the trends by diagnostic method were similar for each sex and each racial/ethnic group, but RGC diagnosis was more likely in older patients and for smaller tumors. Meningioma trends and the proportion of RGC diagnoses varied notably by registry.ConclusionsOverall trends obscured differences by diagnostic method in this first large, detailed assessment, but the recent stable rates argue against an association with mobile phone use. Variation among registries requires evaluation to improve the registration of these nonmalignant tumors.Lay Summary

The etiology of most benign meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas is poorly understood, but concerns have been raised about whether mobile phone use contributes to risk of developing these tumors.

Descriptive studies examining temporal trends could provide insight; however, globally, few registries collect these nonmalignant cases.

In the United States, reporting benign meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas became required by law in 2004.

This was the first large, systematic study to quantify and characterize incidence trends for meningioma and vestibular schwannoma according to whether the tumors were diagnosed microscopically or only radiographically.

Differential trends across registries and by diagnostic method suggest that caution should be used when interpreting the patterns.
SearcHPV: A novel approach to identify and assemble human papillomavirus–host genomic integration events in cancer
Authors: Pinatti Lisa M. , Gu Wenjin , Wang Yifan , Elhossiny Ahmed , Bhangale Apurva D. , Brummel Collin V. , Carey Thomas E. , Mills Ryan E. , Brenner J. Chad 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a well‐established driver of malignant transformation at a number of sites, including head and neck, cervical, vulvar, anorectal, and penile squamous cell carcinomas; however, the impact of HPV integration into the host human genome on this process remains largely unresolved. This is due to the technical challenge of identifying HPV integration sites, which includes limitations of existing informatics approaches to discovering viral‐host breakpoints from low‐read‐coverage sequencing data.MethodsTo overcome this limitation, the authors developed SearcHPV, a new HPV detection pipeline based on targeted capture technology, and applied the algorithm to targeted capture data. They performed an integrated analysis of SearcHPV‐defined breakpoints with genome‐wide linked‐read sequencing to identify potential HPV‐related structural variations.ResultsThrough an analysis of HPV+ models, the authors showed that SearcHPV detected HPV‐host integration sites with a higher sensitivity and specificity than 2 other commonly used HPV detection callers. SearcHPV uncovered HPV integration sites adjacent to known cancer‐related genes, including TP63, MYC, and TRAF2, and near regions of large structural variation. The authors further validated the junction contig assembly feature of SearcHPV, which helped to accurately identify viral‐host junction breakpoint sequences. They found that viral integration occurred through a variety of DNA repair mechanisms, including nonhomologous end joining, alternative end joining, and microhomology‐mediated repair.ConclusionsIn summary, SearcHPV is a new optimized tool for the accurate detection of HPV‐human integration sites from targeted capture DNA sequencing data.
Only SF3B1 mutation involving K700E independently predicts overall survival in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo , Sasaki Koji , Darbaniyan Faezeh , Jabbour Elias , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos , Wei Yue , Chien Kelly , Kadia Tapan , Ravandi Farhad , Borthakur Gautam , Soltysiak Kelly A. , Routbort Mark , Patel Keyur , Pierce Sherry , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSF3B1 mutations (SF3B1mut) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) frequently involve codon K700E and have a favorable prognosis. The prognostic effect of non‐K700E SF3B1mut is uncertain.MethodsThe authors analyzed the clinicopathological features and outcomes of a single‐institution series of 94 treatment‐naive SF3B1mut MDS patients (18%) and 415 treatment‐naive SF3B1wt MDS patients and explored the differences between K700E and non‐K700E SF3B1mut MDS.ResultsFifty‐five patients (59%) carried K700E. Recurrent non‐K700E mutations (39 [41%]) included R625, H662, and K666. Compared with SF3B1mut K700E patients, non‐K700E patients had a lower median absolute neutrophil count (1.8 vs 2.4; P = .005) and were frequently “high” according to the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (19% vs 4%; P = .031). Non‐K700E MDS was associated frequently with RUNX1 (26% vs 7%; P = .012) and exclusively with BCOR, IDH2, and SRSF2 mutations. A splicing analysis showed the differential distribution of alternatively spliced events and gene expression profiles between K700 and non‐K700E MDS patients. The majority (at least 80%) of SF3B1mut K700E, SF3B1mut non‐K700E, and SF3B1wt patients were treated with hypomethylating agents. Over a median follow‐up of 16 months, SF3B1mut had superior overall survival (OS) in comparison with SF3B1wt in all MDS patients (not reached vs 25.2 months; P = .0003), in patients with low‐grade MDS, and in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts (MDS‐RS). Compared with SF3B1wt, SF3B1mut K700E had superior outcomes in all MDS (median OS, 25 months vs not reached; P = .0001), in low‐grade MDS (median OS, 41.3 months vs not reached; P = .0015), and in MDS‐RS (median OS, 22.3 months vs not reached; P = .0001), but no significant difference was seen between non‐K700E and SF3B1wt MDS. By multivariable analysis, the absence of SF3B1mut K700E mutations was independently associated with the prognosis.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of the SF3B1 mutation subtype in MDS risk assessment.Lay Summary

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with SF3B1 mutations are regarded as having a favorable prognosis by both the World Health Organization and the International Working Group for the Prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

However, this article shows that only MDS patients with SF3B1 K700E mutations have a favorable prognosis (and not MDS patients with SF3B1 mutations involving other codons).

This has important implications for refining future MDS subclassification and risk assessment criteria.
Role of molecular signature to differentiate second primary lung cancer from metastasis in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity
Authors: Yilmaz Emrullah , Gan Gregory N. , Schroeder Thomas M. , Cowan Andrew , Joste Nancy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung is the most common site of distant metastasis for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, differentiating second primary lung cancers from metastasis may be difficult for p16 negative HNSCC.CaseWe describe a case of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who was found to have lung nodule and hilar lymphadenopathy (LAD) after surgery and radiation therapy. Hilar node was consistent with SCC however, it was difficult to differentiate second primary lung cancer and metastasis from oral cavity SCC.Next‐generation sequencing was done for the primary oral cavity and the hilar node. Both samples had the same type of TP53 mutation and variants of unknown significance suggesting metastatic HNSCC. He was treated with a chemotherapy regimen for metastatic HNSCC.ConclusionMolecular studies can help to differentiate metastasis from second primary lung cancers for p16 negative HNSCC.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission: A Challenge for Computational Chemistry Taking TPA‐BMO as an Example**
Authors: de Thieulloy Laure , Le Bras Laura , Zumer Benoît , Sanz García Juan , Lemarchand Claire , Pineau Nicolas , Adamo Carlo , Perrier Aurélie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA multi‐environment computational approach is proposed to study the modulation of the emission behavior of the triphenylamine (Z)‐4‐benzylidene‐2‐methyloxazol‐5(4H)‐one (TPA‐BMO) molecule [Tanget al., J. Phys. Chem. C119, 21875 (2015)]. We aim at (1) proposing a realistic description of the molecule in several environments (solution, aggregate, polymer matrix), (2) modelling its absorption and emission properties, and (3) providing a qualitative understanding of the experimental observations by highlighting the photophysical phenomena leading to the emission modulation. To this purpose, we rely on (TD‐)DFT calculations and classical Molecular Dynamics simulations, but also on the hybrid ONIOM QM/QM’ approach and thein situchemical polymerization methodology. In low‐polar solvents, the investigation of the potential energy surfaces and the modulation of the emission quantum yield can be attributed to possible photophysical energy dissipation caused by low‐frequency vibrational modes. In the aggregate and in the polymer matrix, the emission modulation can be qualitatively interpreted in terms of the possible restriction of the intramolecular vibrations. For these two systems, our study highlights that a careful modelling of the environment is far from trivial but is fundamental to model the optical properties of the fluorophore.
Combining Lanthanides with PyBox Ligands: A Simple Route to Circularly Polarized Light Emitters**
Authors: Arrico Lorenzo , Benetti Costanza , Di Bari Lorenzo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the facile synthesis of TbIII and EuIII adducts able to elicit circularly polarized luminescence. Both the sensitization of the lanthanide‐ion‐centered luminescence (i. e. the antenna effect) and the chiral environment around the metal ions are brought about by commercially available enantiopure 2,6‐bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine ligands (PyBox). This strategy is promising for the development of a wide range of new and simple circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active LnIII adducts, thanks to the fine tunability of the chemical structure of the PyBox ligands.
Luminescent solar concentrator utilizing energy transfer paired aggregation‐induced emissive fluorophores
Authors: Mateen Fahad , Hwang Tae Gyu , Boesel Luciano F. , Choi Woo Jin , Kim Jae Pil , Gong Xiao , Park Jong Mok , Hong Sung‐Kyu 
Published: June 2021

SummaryRecently, semitransparent luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have attracted considerable attention because they offer an easy and cost‐effective route to harvest incident light. Various fluorophores including semiconducting quantum dots and organic dyes have been prepared and utilized for LSC fabrication. However, the narrow light absorption range, reabsorption losses, and limited photostability of the fluorophores still hinder the widespread use of LSCs under outdoor and indoor light conditions. Here, we rationally designed an LSC utilizing aggregation‐induced emissive fluorophores (AIEgens) and an energy transfer (ET) strategy. We employ diketopyrrolopyrrole with triphenylamine moiety as a highly stable AIEgen that functions as an emissive ET acceptor in LSC; for a donor, we use tetraphenylethene containing triphenylamine moiety that shows good aggregation‐induced emission features and excellent spectral overlap with the acceptor to yield an efficient ET process. A thin‐film LSC device with an optimized donor:acceptor ratio (1:0.5) was fabricated. Under AM 1.5G solar spectrum, an LSC coupled with three side reflectors and a backside diffuser exhibits 18% optical conversion efficiency and a concentration factor of 1.18. Under indoor white LED illumination, the values were 27% and 1.68%, respectively. After exposed to intense UV radiations for 5 hours, the LSCs preserved 98% fluorescence which suggests their superior long‐term photostability. Our results suggest that the combination of AIEgens and ET holds the potential for enhancing the efficiency of the device and extended stability of the fluorophores, two of the major requirements to allow industrial production and large‐scale use of outdoor/indoor light harvesting LSCs.
Upstream morphological effects of a sequential check dam adjustment process
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Fang , Tfwala Samkele S. , Hsu Yung‐Ching , Chiu Yen‐Yu , Lee Chen‐Yang , Chen Su‐Chin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSediment flushing and the morphological responses to the procedure of check dam removal are still unclear. Following laboratory experiments that revealed three stages (deepening, widening, and volume release) of check dam adjustment, a check dam built in 2007 at Landao Creek in central Taiwan was adjusted in 2015 by removing central bars and cutting 2.5 m from the middle two piers (stage 1 + 2), with the purpose of regulating sediment transfer and keeping the thalweg at the center of the channel, while also preventing hill slope toe erosion. In 2019, four central piers were removed (stage 3) to increase the volume of sediment released. Annual surveys were conducted after the initial adjustment in 2015 through to 2020 using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The check dam adjustments revealed that the channel had narrowed and stabilized as indicated by regenerating riparian vegetation. Additionally, distinct terraces had formed on the hill slope toes of the creek channel in proximity to the check dam. The meander upstream weakened following the dam adjustments. This study combining laboratory experiments with actual field observation contributed immensely to check dam decommissioning. Additionally, this study illustrated how an adjustable check dam may aid regulation of sediment transport and thereby sediment balance. It can be adjusted accordingly based on the prevailing channel condition.
Study on starch content detection and visualization of potato based on hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Wang Fuxiang , Wang Chunguang , Song Shiyong , Xie Shengshi , Kang Feilong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStarch is an important quality index in potato, which contributes greatly to the taste and nutritional quality of potato. At present, the determination of starch depends on chemical analysis, which is time consuming and laborious. Thus, rapid and accurate detection of the starch content of potatoes is important. This study combined hyperspectral imaging with chemometrics to predict potato starch content. Two varieties of Kexin No.1 and Holland No.15 potatoes were used as experimental samples. Hyperspectral data were collected from three sampling sites (the top, umbilicus, and middle regions). Standard normal variate (SNV) was used for spectral preprocessing, and three different methods of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), iterative variable subset optimization (IVSO), and the variable iterative space shrinkage approach (VISSA) were used for characteristic wavelength selection. Linear partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) and nonlinear support vector regression (SVR) models were then established. The results indicated that the sampling site has a considerable impact on the accuracy of the prediction model, and the umbilicus region with CARS‐SVR model gave best performance with correlation coefficients in calibration (Rc) of 0.9415, in prediction (Rp) of 0.9346, root mean square errors in calibration (RMSEC) of 15.9 g/kg, in prediction (RMSEP) of 17.4 g/kg, and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 2.69. The starch content in potatoes was visualized using the best model in combination with pseudo‐color technology. Our research provides a method for the rapid and nondestructive determination of starch content in potatoes, providing a good foundation for potato quality monitoring and grading.
Alzheimer's and Aducanumab: Unjust Profits and False Hopes
Authors: Fleck Leonard M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccelerated approval of aducanumab for mild Alzheimer's by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on June 7, 2021, has generated substantial medical, scientific, and ethical controversy. That approval was contrary to the nearly unanimous judgment of the FDA's Advisory Committee that little reliable evidence existed of significant benefit, even though the drug did reduce β‐amyloid. Three major ethical problems were created by this approval: (1) Medicare resources would be unjustly squandered, given the drug's $56,000 annual price and the 3.1 million older potential American patients needing the drug; (2) physicians will feel ethically compelled to provide the drug to desperate, insistent patients, given FDA approval and in spite of side effects of brain bleeds and brain swelling; (3) and false hopes are generated for patients. A needed corrective by the federal government would reduce reimbursement to the bare cost of producing the drug (plus only a modest profit) until a phase IV trial has been successfully completed.
COVID‐19 and progress towards achieving universal health coverage in Africa: A case of Nigeria
Authors: Amos Oladunni Abimbola , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Bamisaiye Adeola , Olayemi Alaka Hassan , Ilesanmi Esther Bosede , Micheal Alumuku Iordepuun , Ekpenyong Aniekan , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) 2030 is a global health target, and countries are making efforts to convert plans into tangible results. Nigeria, the most populated country in Africa, has made commitments towards UHC2030 target but is underperforming across many building blocks of health and progress has been slow. The arrival of COVID‐19 poses additional pressure on the already feeble health system causing the government to direct focus towards containing the pandemic. However, existing gaps in health workforce density, weak primary health care infrastructure and inadequate budgetary allocation have resulted in inequitable access to basic healthcare services. This situation weighs most heavily on the poor who are mostly part of the informal economy thereby pushing people further into poverty. On the other hand, COVID‐19 has provided valuable insights into Nigeria's current health system status which hopefully can be helpful in strengthening efforts towards building resilient health system and preparing the country towards future pandemic. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of essential health services and the need to strengthen primary healthcare system. It is, therefore, important that stakeholders in Nigeria and other African countries carry out situation analysis of the current health systems towards achieving UHC2030.
Introducing ground cover management in pesticide emission modeling
Authors: Gentil-Sergent Céline , Basset-Mens Claudine , Renaud-Gentié Christel , Mottes Charles , Melero Carlos , Launay Arthur , Fantke Peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ground cover management (GCM) is an important agricultural practice used to reduce weed growth, erosion and runoff, and improve soil fertility. In the present study, an approach to account for GCM is proposed in the modeling of pesticide emissions to evaluate the environmental sustainability of agricultural practices. As a starting point, we include a cover crop compartment in the mass balance of calculating initial (within minutes after application) and secondary (including additional processes) pesticide emission fractions. The following parameters were considered: (i) cover crop occupation between the rows of main field crops, (ii) cover crop canopy density, and (iii) cover crop family. Two modalities of cover crop occupation and cover crop canopy density were tested for two crop growth stages, using scenarios without cover crops as control. From that, emission fractions and related ecotoxicity impacts were estimated for pesticides applied to tomato production in Martinique (French West Indies) and to grapevine cultivation in the Loire Valley (France). Our results demonstrate that, on average, the presence of a cover crop reduced the pesticide emission fraction reaching field soil by a factor of 3 compared with bare soil, independently of field crop and its growth stage, and cover crop occupation and density. When considering cover exported from the field, ecotoxicity impacts were reduced by approximately 65% and 90%, compared with bare soil for grapevine and tomato, respectively, regardless of the emission distribution used. Because additional processes may influence emission distributions under GCM, such as runoff, leaching, or preferential flow, further research is required to incorporate these processes consistently in our proposed GCM approach. Considering GCM in pesticide emission modeling highlights the potential of soil cover to reduce pesticide emissions to field soil and related freshwater ecotoxicity. Furthermore, the consideration of GCM as common farming practice allows the modeling of pesticide emissions in intercropping systems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:274–288. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
Ground cover was introduced in pesticide emission modeling (PestLCI). Cover crop decreases pesticide emission to field soil and related freshwater ecotoxicity. The path towards pesticide emission modeling of intercropping systems is now opened. Innovative cropping systems can be better assessed.