bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History Can Be Open Source: Democratic Dreams and the Rise of Digital History
Authors: Locke Joseph L. , Wright Ben 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In an ongoing commitment to experimentation, the AHR invited an “open peer review” of a submitted manuscript, “History Can Be Open Source: Democratic Dreams and the Rise of Digital History,” by Joseph L. Locke (University of Houston–Victoria) and Ben Wright (University of Texas at Dallas). Given that Locke and Wright argued for the coexistence of transparency alongside formal academic peer review, subjecting their submission to an open review made sense. The peer review process itself tested the propositions about the democratization of scholarship they put forth in their submission. Their article appears in a new section of the AHR, “Writing History in a Digital Age,” overseen by consulting editor Lara Putnam (https://ahropenreview.com/). The maturation of digital history has propelled historians’ embrace of open educational resources. But, this article argues, open access licensing is not enough. Digital history’s earliest practitioners promised not just more accessible digital materials, but a broader democratization of history itself. This article therefore moves beyond questions of technological innovation and digital access in the rise of digital history to engage more fundamental and intractable questions about inequality, community, and participatory historical inquiry.
Vec2image: an explainable artificial intelligence model for the feature representation and classification of high-dimensional biological data by vector-to-image conversion
Authors: Tang Hui , Yu Xiangtian , Liu Rui , Zeng Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFeature representation and discriminative learning are proven models and technologies in artificial intelligence fields; however, major challenges for machine learning on large biological datasets are learning an effective model with mechanistical explanation on the model determination and prediction. To satisfy such demands, we developed Vec2image, an explainable convolutional neural network framework for characterizing the feature engineering, feature selection and classifier training that is mainly based on the collaboration of principal component coordinate conversion, deep residual neural networks and embedded k-nearest neighbor representation on pseudo images of high-dimensional biological data, where the pseudo images represent feature measurements and feature associations simultaneously. Vec2image has achieved better performance compared with other popular methods and illustrated its efficiency on feature selection in cell marker identification from tissue-specific single-cell datasets. In particular, in a case study on type 2 diabetes (T2D) by multiple human islet scRNA-seq datasets, Vec2image first displayed robust performance on T2D classification model building across different datasets, then a specific Vec2image model was trained to accurately recognize the cell state and efficiently rank feature genes relevant to T2D which uncovered potential T2D cellular pathogenesis; and next the cell activity changes, cell composition imbalances and cell–cell communication dysfunctions were associated to our finding T2D feature genes from both population-shared and individual-specific perspectives. Collectively, Vec2image is a new and efficient explainable artificial intelligence methodology that can be widely applied in human-readable classification and prediction on the basis of pseudo image representation of biological deep sequencing data.
Caviar-Sunflower Optimization Algorithm-Based Deep Learning Classifier for Multi-Document Summarization
Authors: J Sheela , B Janet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a multi-document summarization model using an optimization algorithm named CAVIAR Sun Flower Optimization (CAV-SFO). In this method, two classifiers, namely: Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) classifier and Deep Recurrent Neural Network (Deep RNN), are utilized to generate a score for summarizing multi-documents. Initially, the simHash method is applied for removing the duplicate/real duplicate contents from sentences. Then, the result is given to the proposed CAV-SFO based GAN classifier to determine the score for individual sentences. The CAV-SFO is newly designed by incorporating CAVIAR with Sun Flower Optimization Algorithm (SFO). On the other hand, the pre-processing step is done for duplicate-removed sentences from input multi-document based on stop word removal and stemming. Afterward, text-based features are extracted from pre-processed documents, and then CAV-SFO based Deep RNN is introduced for generating a score; thereby, the internal model parameters are optimally tuned. Finally, the score generated by CAV-SFO based GAN and CAV-SFO based Deep RNN is hybridized, and the final score is obtained using a multi-document compression ratio. The proposed TaylorALO-based GAN showed improved results with maximal precision of 0.989, maximal recall of 0.986, maximal F-Measure of 0.823, maximal Rouge-Precision of 0.930, and maximal Rouge-recall of 0.870.
The impact of diabetes on short-, intermediate- and long-term mortality following left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Kogan Alexander , Frogel Jonathan , Ram Eilon , Jamal Tamer , Peled-Potashnik Yael , Maor Elad , Grupper Avishay , Morgan Avi , Segev Amit , Raanani Ehud , Sternik Leonid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a frequent comorbidity among patients suffering from advanced heart failure necessitating a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of type 2 DM on early and long-term outcomes of patients following an LVAD implant.

METHODS
We performed an observational cohort study in a large tertiary care centre in Israel. All data of patients who underwent a continuous flow LVAD implant between 2006 and 2020 were extracted from our departmental database. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (patients without diabetes) and group II (patients with diabetes). We compared short-term (30-day and 3-month) mortality, intermediate-term (1- and 3-year) mortality and long-term (5 year) mortality between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
The study population included 154 patients. Group I (patients without diabetes) comprised 88 patients and group II (patients with diabetes) comprised 66 patients. The mean follow-up duration was 38.2 ± 30.3 months. Short- and intermediate-term mortality (30 days, 1 year and 3 years) was higher in the group with DM compared with the group without DM but did not reach any statistically significant difference: 16.1% vs 9.8% (P = 0.312), 24.2% vs 17.3% (P = 0.399) and 30.6% vs 21.9% (P = 0.127) respectively. Long-term 5-year mortality was significantly higher in the group with DM compared to the group without: 38.7% vs 24.4% (P = 0.038). Furthermore, predictors of long-term mortality included diabetes (hazard ratio 2.09, confidence interval 1.34–2.84, P = 0.004), as demonstrated by regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with diabetes and those without diabetes have similar 30-day and short- and intermediate-term mortality rates. The mortality risk of diabetic patients begins to increase 3 years after an LVAD implant. Diabetes is an independent predictor of long-term, 5-year mortality after an LVAD implant.

Clinical trial registration
Ethical Committee of Sheba Medical Centre, Israel, on 2 December 2014, Protocol 4257.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Carbon and Nitrogen Inputs by Net Precipitation in Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Mantovani Vanessa Alves , Terra Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos , de Mello Carlos Rogério , Rodrigues André Ferreira , de Oliveira Vinicius Augusto , Pinto Luiz Otávio Rodrigues 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Understanding both carbon and nitrogen temporal and spatial inputs by rainfall in tropical forests is critical for proper forest conservation and management and might ultimately elucidate how climate change might affect nutrient dynamics in forest ecosystems. This study aimed to quantify the net precipitation contribution to the Atlantic Forest’s total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N), identifying potential differences between these inputs regarding temporal (seasonal and monthly) and spatial scales. Rainfall samples were collected before and after interacting with the forest canopy from May 2018 to April 2019. The rainfall was enriched after crossing the forest canopy. Significant differences were found for gross rainfall and net precipitation between annual carbon (104.13 kg ha−1 and 193.18 kg ha−1) and nitrogen (16.81 kg ha−1 and 36.95 kg ha−1) inputs, respectively. Moreover, there was seasonal variability in the C and N inputs with 75% occurring in the wet season. Overall, the spatial patterns revealed that the same locations had the highest inputs regardless of the analyzed period. The forest-rainfall interactions provide constant C and N inputs, especially in the wet season, and are fundamental for the maintenance of ecological processes.
RNA sequencing-based screen for reactivation of silenced alleles of autosomal genes
Authors: Gupta Saumya , Lafontaine Denis L , Vigneau Sebastien , Mendelevich Asia , Vinogradova Svetlana , Igarashi Kyomi J , Bortvin Andrew , Alves-Pereira Clara F , Nag Anwesha , Gimelbrant Alexander A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In mammalian cells, maternal and paternal alleles usually have similar transcriptional activity. Epigenetic mechanisms such as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and imprinting were historically viewed as rare exceptions to this rule. Discovery of autosomal monoallelic autosomal expression (MAE) a decade ago revealed an additional allele-specific mode regulating thousands of mammalian genes. Despite MAE prevalence, its mechanistic basis remains unknown. Using an RNA sequencing-based screen for reactivation of silenced alleles, we identified DNA methylation as key mechanism of MAE mitotic maintenance. In contrast with the all-or-nothing allelic choice in XCI, allele-specific expression in MAE loci is tunable, with exact allelic imbalance dependent on the extent of DNA methylation. In a subset of MAE genes, allelic imbalance was insensitive to DNA demethylation, implicating additional mechanisms in MAE maintenance in these loci. Our findings identify a key mechanism of MAE maintenance and provide basis for understanding the biological role of MAE.
Evolution of the canonical sex chromosomes of the guppy and its relatives
Authors: Kirkpatrick Mark , Sardell Jason M , Pinto Brendan J , Dixon Groves , Peichel Catherine L , Schartl Manfred 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The sex chromosomes of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and its close relatives are of particular interest: they are much younger than the highly degenerate sex chromosomes of model systems such as humans and Drosophila melanogaster, and they carry many of the genes responsible for the males’ dramatic coloration. Over the last decade, several studies have analyzed these sex chromosomes using a variety of approaches including sequencing genomes and transcriptomes, cytology, and linkage mapping. Conflicting conclusions have emerged, in particular concerning the history of the sex chromosomes and the evolution of suppressed recombination between the X and Y. Here, we address these controversies by reviewing the evidence and reanalyzing data. We find no evidence of a nonrecombining sex-determining region or evolutionary strata in P. reticulata. Furthermore, we find that the data most strongly support the hypothesis that the sex-determining regions of 2 close relatives of the guppy, Poecilia wingei and Micropoecilia picta, evolved independently after their lineages diverged. We identify possible causes of conflicting results in previous studies and suggest best practices going forward.
Stability-Indicating Analytical Method Development Using Quality by Design (QbD) Approach for Simultaneous Estimation of Budesonide and Levosalbutamol
Authors: Gandhi Noopur , Ezhava Sindhu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Budesonide is a corticosteroid; levosalbutamol is bronchodilator. In combination, they are used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective
The present article portrays the development of a stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of budesonide and levosalbutamol using design of experiment (DOE) principles.

Method
DOE was applied in development part in which a Box-Behnken design was used to study the effect of factors on the Rf value of the drugs. Twenty-five experimental runs were performed to optimize the chromatographic conditions. Aluminum sheets precoated with silica gel 60 F254 were used as the stationary phase. The optimized mobile phase composition was found to be toluene–ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia (4:1.8:1.8:0.2) and saturation time 20 min, quantified by densitometric analysis at 231 nm. Moreover, the drugs were subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal, and photodegradation.

Results
The drugs undergo degradation under mainly acidic and basic conditions. Also, the degraded products were well resolved from the pure drug with significantly different Rf values. Linearity was performed in the ranges of 224–1120 ng/band for budesonide and 280–1400 ng/band for levosalbutamol. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.

Conclusions
This approach is useful to expedite method development and optimization activities in analytical laboratories.

Highlights
The experimental data revealed that the volume of toluene and methanol in the mobile phase significantly affected the Rf value of both the drugs, and ammonia significantly affected the Rf value of levosalbutamol.
Understanding Out-Mobility and Radical-Right Support as Responses to Differentiated Refugee Exposure
Authors: de la Prada Àlex G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The refugee crisis of 2015 became a major issue of both national and pan-European debate. Behavioral reactions among natives in the form of support for radical-right parties or leaving neighborhoods following influxes of non-Westerners are well documented, but a detailed account of how asylum seekers contribute to these dynamics remains elusive. In this paper, I study how asylum centers and refugees choosing their own residences prompt each of these two behavioral outcomes using register data for the whole of Sweden (2013–2018). The analyses show a divergence depending on the particular type of refugee exposure experienced and the specific behavior under analysis. Only increased radical-right support is observed following the establishment of a new asylum center, whereas greater native out-mobility is found following refugees self-selecting into native-based areas.
Chylomicronemia Due to the Rare Hyperlipoproteinemia Type 3 Complicated by a Circulating Monoclonal Protein
Authors: Basheer Hiba , Nakhaee Beheshteh , Jialal Ishwarlal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The polygenic variety of chylomicronemia occurs in adults in whom factors such as obesity, diabetes, alcoholism, renal disease, and certain drugs can precipitate chylomicronemia. A rare cause of polygenic chylomicronemia is hyperlipoproteinemia type 3 (HLP3). We report on a 54-year-old male who presented with chylomicronemia with triglycerides (TG) &gt;2000 mg/dL. From admission, the ratio of total cholesterol to total triglycerides was not below 0.2 but was closer to 0.5, suggesting that his condition was not classic chylomicronemia. We confirmed that the patient had HLP3 based on his very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)/TG ratio, which was ≥0.3, and lipoprotein electrophoresis showing a broad beta band. Because he was not responsive to initial therapy, we considered an interferent impairing lipolysis and TG reduction. The interferent was an M-protein that may also have falsely elevated both apolipoprotein-B and direct-LDL-C levels. In this case study, we report on a patient with chylomicronemia resulting from HLP3 complicated by a circulating M-protein.
3D spatio-kinematic modelling of Abell 48, a planetary nebula around a Wolf–Rayet [WN] star
Authors: Danehkar A 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The planetary nebula (PN) Abell 48 (PN G029.0+00.4) is around a rare Wolf–Rayet [WN5] star whose stellar history is as yet unknown. Using the integral field observations of the H αλ6563 and [N ii] λ6584 line emissions, we conducted a comprehensive spatio-kinematic analysis of this PN. A three-dimensional spatio-kinematic ionization model was developed with the kinematic modelling tool shape to replicate the observed spatially resolved velocity channels and position–velocity diagrams. According to our kinematic analysis of the H α emission, this object possesses a deformed elliptic toroidal shell with an outer radius of 23 arcsec and a thickness of 15 arcsec associated with an integrated H α emission-line expansion of ∼35 ± 5 km s−1, a maximum poloidal expansion of around 70 ± 20 km s−1 at an inclination angle of ∼30° with respect to the line of sight, and a position angle of ∼130° measured from east towards north in the equatorial coordinate system. Furthermore, [N ii] kinematic modelling reveals the presence of narrow (∼3 arcsec) exterior low-ionization structures surrounding the main elliptical shell, which could have formed as a result of shock collisions with the interstellar medium. The torus-shaped morphology of this PN could be related to its unusual hydrogen-deficient [WN] nucleus that needs to be inspected further.
Liberal Self-Determination in a World of Migration
Authors: Ferracioli Luara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This book focuses on three key questions regarding the movement of persons across international borders: (1) What gives some residents of a liberal society a right to be considered citizens of that society such that they have a claim to make decisions with regard to its political future? (2) Do citizens of a liberal society have a prima facie right to exclude prospective immigrants despite their commitment to the values of freedom and equality? And (3) if citizens have this prima facie right to exclude prospective immigrants, are there moral requirements regarding how they may exercise it? The book therefore tackles the most pressing philosophical questions that arise for a theory that does not endorse a human right to immigrate: the questions of who exercises self-determination in the area of immigration, why they have such a right in the first place, and how they should go about exercising it.
Citizenship and Autonomy
Authors: Ferracioli Luara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that an adult’s right to citizenship follows from her right to securely pursue her good in the liberal state where she already has a moral right to live permanently. It defends the claim that when people migrate on a permanent basis to a liberal state in adulthood, they develop the legitimate expectation that they are allowed to pursue core projects and relationships that are territorially located and that extend across time. It also defends the claim that when adults start pursuing core projects and relationships, they acquire an autonomy-based moral claim to pursue them reliably into the future, as well as to engage in political actions that bear on how such projects and relationships can be pursued in the future.
Liberal Self-Determination, Discrimination, and the Right to Exclude
Authors: Ferracioli Luara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter defends one of the building blocks of a complete liberal theory of immigration by defending an account of the state’s prima facie right to exclude that has the resources to explain what is wrong with “discriminatory” exclusion in the area of immigration—that is, exclusion on the basis of morally arbitrary features, such as sex, sexuality, and race. Like other statist accounts, the chapter appeals to a right to self-determination to justify a state’s right to exclude. But unlike these other theories, it does not appeal to the psychological harm of insult. The focus is instead on the liberal aspect of self-determination and the surprising ways in which liberal principles constrain the state’s right to both include and exclude prospective new members.
Immigration, Self-Determination, and the Brain Drain*
Authors: Ferracioli Luara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that the immigration arrangements of liberal states in the area of skilled migration can sometimes contribute to the inability of citizens in poor countries to secure their human rights to health care and education. It argues that because liberal states have a duty not to contribute to harm abroad, they should not implement migration arrangements that lead to a situation whereby vulnerable populations are left without adequate access to important human rights. The upshot of the discussion is that liberal states do not only have a prima facie right to exclude but also a duty to exclude when the relevant conditions are met.
Discrimination and Immigration Control
Authors: Ferracioli Luara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the ethics of the institutional apparatus that goes along with immigration control. It takes seriously the fact that immigration control sometimes lead to human rights violations, and that liberal states sometimes engage in problematic forms of discrimination when they engage in the business of policing their internal borders. It argues that liberal states must endorse a number of key strategies to ensure that unauthorized immigrants are neither placed in a position where their human rights are violated or left unprotected nor discriminated against on the basis of arbitrary criteria. The discussion therefore aims to minimize the vulnerability of those immigrants who have not received authorization to reside in the territory of the liberal states.
Broadway Dance
Authors: Gennaro Liza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The move away from modern dance and ballet to jazz dance as the prominent movement lexicon employed on Broadway is explored. I examine Katherine Dunham and Jack Cole’s influence on a generation of choreographers and Bob Fosse’s fusion of the dominant paradigms established by de Mille and Robbins. I give special attention to Fosse’s choreographic influences, including his early exposure to nightclubs and strip joints, comic/eccentric dancer Joe Frisco, Fred Astaire, and Jack Cole. Beginning with his work in The Pajama Game (1954) under the mentorship of Robbins and examining selected works from Damn Yankees (1955) and Sweet Charity (1966), I study Fosse’s choreographic development. My close reading of the musical number “Big Spender” reveals Fosse’s dramaturgical process. I examine the number in relation to the 1960s sexual revolution; representations of the female dancing body in both commercial theater and concert venues; and in relation to de Mille’s “Postcard Girls” from her Oklahoma! dream ballet, “Laurey Makes Up Her Mind.” I also consider Fosse’s post-Sweet Charity objectification of the female body; his late career disregard for the precepts of time and place in relation to character, and his formulation of a distinctly identifiable movement lexicon—the “Fosse Style.” The chapter closes with three more influential director-choreographers: Gower Champion, with his innovative cinematic approach to stage musicals and his standard use of showbiz dance lexicons undisturbed by modernist methods; Michael Bennett, a strict proponent of Robbins methods and the inheritor of the Robbins’ mantle; and Donald McKayle, one of the only African American director-choreographers working in the late twentieth-century Broadway arena.