bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in antimicrobial and antifouling coatings to reduce or prevent contamination and cross‐contamination of food contact surfaces by bacteria
Authors: DeFlorio William , Liu Shuhao , White Andrew R. , Taylor Thomas Matthew , Cisneros‐Zevallos Luis , Min Younjin , Scholar Ethan M. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIllness as the result of ingesting bacterially contaminated foodstuffs represents a significant annual loss of human quality of life and economic impact globally. Significant research investment has recently been made in developing new materials that can be used to construct food contacting tools and surfaces that might minimize the risk of cross‐contamination of bacteria from one food item to another. This is done to mitigate the spread of bacterial contamination and resultant foodborne illness. Internet‐based literature search tools such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were utilized to investigate publishing trends within the last 10 years related to the development of antimicrobial and antifouling surfaces with potential use in food processing applications. Technologies investigated were categorized into four major groups: antimicrobial agent–releasing coatings, contact‐based antimicrobial coatings, superhydrophobic antifouling coatings, and repulsion‐based antifouling coatings. The advantages for each group and technical challenges remaining before wide‐scale implementation were compared. A diverse array of emerging antimicrobial and antifouling technologies were identified, designed to suit a wide range of food contact applications. Although each poses distinct and promising advantages, significant further research investment will likely be required to reliably produce effective materials economically and safely enough to equip large‐scale operations such as farms, food processing facilities, and kitchens.
Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of cavitary peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Hong Kyung Soo , Jang Jong Geol , Ahn June Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCavitary peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) are often diagnosed via transthoracic needle biopsy. However, today, radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP‐EBUS) is widely used to diagnose PPLs. The efficacy and safety of RP‐EBUS‐guided transbronchial lung biopsy (RP‐EBUS‐TBLB) used to diagnose cavitary PPLs remain poorly known. We investigated the utility of RP‐EBUS‐TBLB using a guide sheath (GS) without fluoroscopy to diagnose PPLs.MethodsOf 743 RP‐EBUS procedures conducted to diagnose PPLs performed at our institution from January 2019 to October 2020, we analyzed 77 cavitary PPLs. TBLB was performed using RP‐EBUS with a GS without fluoroscopy. The diagnostic accuracy and complications were assessed. All lung lesions with a definitive diagnosis were included in analyses.ResultsThe overall diagnostic accuracy was 85.7% (66/77). Of malignant lesions (n = 34), 29 (85.3%) were diagnosed successfully. Of benign lesions (n = 43), 37 (86.0%) were diagnosed successfully. In multivariate analyses, a thicker cavity wall (≥10 mm, odds ratio [OR] 14.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–78.35, p = 0.002) and EBUS imaging with the probe within the lesion (OR 12.02, 95% CI 1.91–75.53, p = 0.008) independently affected diagnostic success. The likelihood of success increased with increasing thickness of the cavity wall (p < 0.001, test for trend). The specimens obtained for molecular confirmation of malignancy were satisfactory. There were four cases of infection (5.2%) and three cases of pneumothorax (3.9%).ConclusionsRP‐EBUS‐TBLB of cavitary PPLs affords high diagnostic accuracy with acceptable complication rates.
Does the LENT score risk‐stratify patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma? An observational study
Authors: Chollet Bertrand , Guinde Julien , Laroumagne Sophie , Dutau Hervé , Astoul Philippe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, highly aggressive and deadly disease with a poor patient life expectancy. A few years ago, the main challenge was the histological diagnosis of this disease; at present, the search for the best therapeutic strategy is now a priority. However, an optimal therapeutic strategy is not yet clear, despite growing efforts in the treatment armamentarium and research, and at the era of tailored and individualized treatment, tools to predict patient survival are needed for therapeutic decision‐making. Among them, the LENT scoring system was developed to predict prognosis in patients with malignant pleural effusion. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the LENT score in predicting prognosis in patients with MPM.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the prospective collected databases of patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy in a single center with a final diagnosis of MPM confirmed by the MESOPATH National Reference Center.ResultsA total of 41 patients with MPM were studied. All patients underwent platinum‐based chemotherapy combined with pemetrexed ± bevacizumab. No high‐risk category patients were found using the LENT scoring system in this cohort. The median (range) LENT score at the time of medical thoracoscopy was 0 (0–3) and the median survival was 15.5 (2–54) months for the entire cohort. The median survival of low‐risk and moderate‐risk category patients was 21.4 months (2–54, 32 patients) and 6.7 months (2–19, nine patients), respectively. A total of 27 patients with MPM of epithelial subgroup had a median LENT score of 1 (0–2) with a 26 (2–54) months median survival. The median LENT score and median survival of nonepithelial mesothelioma patients (biphasic MPM subgroup, eight patients; sarcomatoid MPM subgroup, six patients) were 0 (0–3) and 11 (2–52) months, respectively.ConclusionsApplied to a homogenous cohort of MPM patients, the LENT score underestimated prognosis and was not useful per se for the management of this disease, as evidenced in the epithelial mesothelioma subgroup of patients in our study.
treeducken: An R package for simulating cophylogenetic systems
Authors: Dismukes Wade , Heath Tracy A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Cophylogenetic methods describe discordance between non‐independent phylogenies.

Simulation is necessary for testing cophylogenetic methods, but few simulators exist that are capable of generating data under explicit and biologically meaningful models.

We present an R package, treeducken, for simulating host–symbiont evolution and gene‐tree–species‐tree evolution.

treeducken provides a straightforward and reproducible interface for simulating cophylogenetic data. This allows easier performance testing of methods and has potential applications in machine learning (ML) and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approaches.
Comparing the consistency of electrocardiogram interval measurements by resting ECG versus 12‐lead Holter
Authors: Mendzelevski Boaz , Spencer Christopher S , Freier Anne , Camilleri Dorothée , Graff Claus , Täubel Jörg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn clinical trials, traditionally only a limited number of 12‐lead resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) can be recorded and, thus, long intervals may elapse between assessment timepoints and valuable information may be missed during times when patients' cardiac electrical activity is not being monitored. These limitations have led to the increasing use of Holter recorders which provide continuous data registrations while reducing the burden on patients and freeing up time for clinical trial staff to perform other tasks. However, there is a shortage of data comparing the two approaches. In this study, data from a randomized, double‐blind, four‐period, crossover thorough QT study in 40 healthy subjects were used to compare continuous 12‐lead Holter recordings to standard 12‐lead resting ECGs which were recorded in parallel. Heart rate and QT interval data were estimated by averaging three consecutive heartbeats. Values exceeding the sample average by more than 5% were tagged as outliers and excluded from the analysis. Visual comparisons of the ECG waveforms of the Holter signal showed a good correlation with resting ECGs at matching timepoints. Resting ECG data revealed sex differences that Holter data did not show. Specifically, women were found to have a longer QTcF of 20 ms, while men had a lower heart rate. We found that continuous recordings provided a more accurate reflection of changes in cardiac electrical activity over 24 hr. However, manual adjudication is still required to ensure the quality and accuracy of ECG data, and that only artifacts are removed thereby avoiding loss of true signals.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Konstantinou Gerasimos , Hui Jeanette , Ortiz Abigail , Kaster Tyler S. , Downar Jonathan , Blumberger Daniel M. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is commonly used in unipolar depression; yet, its evidence in bipolar disorder (BD) is limited. We sought to review the evidence on the use of rTMS across the different stages of BD.MethodsMEDLINE database was systematically searched using the PubMed interface following the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) randomized clinical trials (RCTs), open‐label studies, and case series; (ii) specific evaluation of the treatment outcomes using psychometric scales; (iii) clinical studies in adults; and (iv) articles in the English language. The systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020192788).ResultsThirty‐one papers were included in the review. Most studies included participants diagnosed with a bipolar depressive episode (N = 24), have yielded mixed findings, and have yet to reach a consensus on the most effective rTMS protocol. Few studies examined the effect of rTMS during manic (N = 5) or mixed episode (N = 1), or as maintenance treatment (N = 1). The limited data thus far suggest rTMS to be relatively safe and well tolerated. Small sample sizes, heterogeneity among study designs, patients and control groups recruited, rTMS parameters, and outcome measures are among the most significant limitations to these studies.ConclusionThe current data regarding the application of rTMS in BD patients remain limited. More adequately powered sham‐controlled studies are required to verify its efficacy. Large‐scale clinical trials are needed to also determine whether its effects extend to manic and mixed episodes, as well as its role in mood stabilization and amelioration of suicidal behavior.
Students’ experience of online learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A province‐wide survey study
Authors: Yan Lixiang , Whitelock‐Wainwright Alexander , Guan Quanlong , Wen Gangxin , Gašević Dragan , Chen Guanliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOnline learning is currently adopted by educational institutions worldwide to provide students with ongoing education during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Even though online learning research has been advancing in uncovering student experiences in various settings (i.e., tertiary, adult, and professional education), very little progress has been achieved in understanding the experience of the K‐12 student population, especially when narrowed down to different school‐year segments (i.e., primary and secondary school students). This study explores how students at different stages of their K‐12 education reacted to the mandatory full‐time online learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic. For this purpose, we conducted a province‐wide survey study in which the online learning experience of 1,170,769 Chinese students was collected from the Guangdong Province of China. We performed cross‐tabulation and Chi‐square analysis to compare students’ online learning conditions, experiences, and expectations. Results from this survey study provide evidence that students’ online learning experiences are significantly different across school years. Foremost, policy implications were made to advise government authorises and schools on improving the delivery of online learning, and potential directions were identified for future research into K‐12 online learning.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Online learning has been widely adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic to ensure the continuation of K‐12 education.
Student success in K‐12 online education is substantially lower than in conventional schools.
Students experienced various difficulties related to the delivery of online learning.
What this paper adds

Provide empirical evidence for the online learning experience of students in different school years.
Identify the different needs of students in primary, middle, and high school.
Identify the challenges of delivering online learning to students of different age.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Authority and schools need to provide sufficient technical support to students in online learning.
The delivery of online learning needs to be customised for students in different school years.
Age is the most important predictor of survival in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients achieving event‐free survival at 24 months: a Swedish population‐based study
Authors: Abu Sabaa Amal , Mörth Charlott , Hasselblom Sverker , Hedström Gustaf , Flogegård Max , Stern Mimmi , Andersson Per‐Ola , Glimelius Ingrid , Enblad Gunilla 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRoutine follow‐up for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma have been shortened to 2 years when event‐free survival at 24 months (EFS24) emerged as a new milestone. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether the achievement of this milestone affected overall survival (OS). We compared OS to that of an age‐ and sex‐matched population, analysed other factors governing OS, and reviewed the causes of death. Data were collected from the Swedish Cancer Registry and from individual patient’s records. We included 1169 adult patients from five counties between the years 2001 and 2014. The median (range) age was 64·6 (18–91) years, 56·6% were men and the median follow‐up was 82·3 months. For early stages, the achievement of EFS12 did not improve OS. More than two‐thirds of the patients (n = 837, 71·6%) achieved EFS24, of which 190 (22·7%) died during follow‐up. Lymphoma (20%), cardiovascular disease (22·4%) and malignancies (16%) contributed to causes of death. Patients aged <60 years had an OS that matched the standard population. In multivariate analysis, only age >60 years significantly affected OS after EFS24 compared with the standard population. We concluded that follow‐up beyond EFS24 should be considered for patients aged >60 years.
The effect of calorie and physical activity equivalent labelling of alcoholic drinks on drinking intentions in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position: An experimental study
Authors: Robinson Eric , Smith Jemma , Jones Andrew 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThe primary objective of the study was to examine the effect of calorie labelling and physical activity equivalence labelling of alcoholic drinks on drinking intentions in participants of lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP).MethodsParticipants (N = 1,084) of higher and lower SEP were recruited into an online study and randomized into one of three drink label conditions; Control (standard alcohol labelling), kcal labelling (standard labelling plus drink kilocalorie information), or kcal + PACE labelling (standard labelling and kilocalorie information, plus information on physical activity needed to compensate for drink calories). After viewing drink labels, participants reported alcohol drinking intentions. Participants also completed measures of alcoholic drink energy content estimation, beliefs about how calorie labelling would affect health behaviour and support for calorie labelling of alcoholic drinks.Resultskcal labelling (d = 0.31) and kcal + PACE labelling (d = 0.38) conditions had significantly lower drinking intentions compared to the control condition (ps < .001). There was no evidence that effect of labelling condition on drinking intentions was moderated by SEP. A subset of participants also reported that they believed calorie labelling would be likely to positively change their eating and exercise behaviour. Estimates of the energy content of alcoholic drinks tended to be inaccurate and the majority of participants supported the introduction of calorie labelling on alcoholic drinks.ConclusionsCalorie labelling of alcoholic drinks resulted in small reductions to intended drinking and testing of the effect calorie labelling has on behaviour in real‐world settings is now warranted.
Benefits and harms of hemithyroidectomy, total or near‐total thyroidectomy in 1–4 cm differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Xu Yang , Huang Kunzhai , Huang Peiyin , Ke Najun , Zeng Jinyang , Wang Liying , Liu Changqin , Shi Xiulin , Guo Fangting , Su Lijia , Lin Mingzhu , Li Xuejun , Xiao Fangsen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveFor 1–4 cm differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), current ATA guideline recommended hemithyroidectomy (HT) as an acceptable alternative initial procedure to total or near‐total thyroidectomy (TT). The aim of this study was to evaluate benefits and harms of HT, TT in 1–4 cm DTC.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsDTC patients aged 18 years or older who underwent initial thyroidectomy in a tertiary medical centre were included from January 2008 to July 2018.MeasurementsThe structural persistent/recurrent disease, reoperation rates and surgical complications were compared using Cox proportional regression and logistic regression. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for related clinicopathological variables.ResultsAmong 1824 DTC patients, 795 patients sized 1–4 cm were included. A total of 286 patients underwent HT and 509 patients underwent TT. In the matched analysis, no significant difference in disease‐free survival (DFS) between HT and TT was observed during the median follow‐up period of 56.5 months (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86; 95% CI, 0.37–2.00; p = .733). The difference in DFS between two groups was consistent regardless of age, sex, tumour size, follow‐up duration. Meanwhile, HT was associated with a decreased risk of surgical complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.71, p < .001), as well as lower proportion of levothyroxine replacement (p = .007). Two cases in HT group received reoperation. Further multivariate analysis showed surgical procedure was not associated with structural persistence/recurrence (HR 0.68; 95%CI, 0.29–1.58, p = .367).ConclusionsFor patients with 1–4 cm DTC without clinical evidence of lymph node metastasis or extrathyroidal extension, HT was associated with lower risk of surgical complications than TT while provided similar benefits as TT.
Methodology for identification of new target molecules in neuroimmunological disorders
Authors: Sawai Setsu , Mori Masahiro , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAutoantibodies have been identified as key players in several neuroimmunological disorders such as autoimmune encephalitis, CNS demyelinating diseases, neuropathies, and neuromuscular junction disorders. Recent advances of proteomic technologies enable scientists to determine the target protein of autoantibodies. These methods are divided into three categories, namely, (1) mass spectrometry (MS)‐based method, (2) gene expression library screening, and (3) protein microarray. MS‐based methods can analyze posttranslationally modified proteins or conformational proteins, while gene expression library screening cannot. However, in MS‐based methods, protein‐abundant bias could prevent the identification of the target protein, and DNA sequencing could be more easily performed than MS‐based methods. Therefore, a sound knowledge of the advantages and limitations of each technique is required for selection of the optimal methodology for antigen identification in neuroimmunological disorders.
Clinical performance of implant crowns with customized zirconia abutments: A prospective cohort study with a 4.5‐ to 8.8‐year follow‐up
Authors: Fonseca Manrique , Molinero‐Mourelle Pedro , Forrer Fiona Alena , Schnider Nicole , Hicklin Stefan Paul , Schimmel Martin , Brägger Urs 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical and esthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction of screw‐retained one‐piece implant crowns fabricated with zirconia abutments after a 4.5‐ to 8.8‐year follow‐up.Material and methodsThirty‐two patients (12 women and 20 men), who received 40 implant single crowns in anterior and premolar sites, were included in this prospective study. All restorations were based on ceramic hand‐veneered customized CAD/CAM zirconia abutments. The follow‐up consisted of clinical and radiological examinations. The pink esthetic score–white esthetic score (PES‐WES) was used to evaluate the esthetic outcome. Patients’ satisfaction was assessed via visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsImplant and prosthetic survival rates were 100% and 97.5%, respectively. Mean marginal bone loss was −0.17 mm (SD 1.16 mm). Probing depth was ≤4 mm in 98.7% and 5 mm in 1.3% of the sites; 8.3% of them were bleeding on probing positive. No technical or biological complications were observed except for one abutment fracture. The mean PES‐WES scores were 7.0 and 7.1, respectively. VAS scores (10‐point) of 9.41 for function and 9.26 for esthetics showed high patient satisfaction.ConclusionAfter a mean observation period of 6 years and 7 months, screw‐retained implant crowns based on veneered customized CAD/CAM zirconia abutments with conical connection showed very good clinical performance and may be recommended for the replacement of missing anterior and premolar teeth.(ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT04370314).
Effect of previous implant failure on the prognosis of subsequent implants: A retrospective study
Authors: Leisner Laura , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Rammelsberg Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the long‐term survival of dental implants placed in patients with and without a history of implant failure.Material and methodsWithin a retrospective analysis, an experimental group was selected consisting of 59 patients with 137 implants placed after previous failure. The control group included 1,072 patients with 2,664 implants without previous failure. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to describe the group‐specific long‐term implant survival. Mixed‐effects Cox regression models were applied to examine the effects of patient‐ and site‐specific risk factors. To take multiple implants into account, a random intercept model was applied.ResultsDuring the observation period of up to 15 years, 11 implants (8%) failed in the experimental group and 74 implants (2.5%) in the control group (p < .001). Five‐year cumulative survival was 96.8% (95% CI 0.96–0.98) in the control group and 91.5% (95% CI 0.86–0.97) in the experimental group. The variables group assignment and simultaneous augmentation had a significant effect on survival, but this effect was lost in the random intercept model. The effect of implant location remained, whereby the risk of failure was five times lower for mandible implants, irrespective of group (p = .013; 95% CI 0.103–0.767; HR: 0.281).ConclusionsLong‐term implant survival was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The effect of previous failure was negligible. However, a patient‐specific “clustering effect” was observed. Irrespective of previous implant failure, the risk of long‐term failure is two times higher for maxillary implants than for mandibular implants.