bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover crop species can increase or decrease the fertilizer‐nitrogen requirement in maize
Authors: Carciochi W. D. , Massigoge I. , Lapaz Olveira A. , Reussi Calvo N. I. , Cafaro La Menza F. , Sainz Rozas H. R. , Barbieri P. A. , Di Napoli M. , Gonzalez Montaner J. , Ciampitti I. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCover crop species and termination date could affect fertilizer‐nitrogen (N) management and N diagnostic methods traditionally used in bare fallow‐maize (Zea maysL.) systems. Our objectives were to (a) assess the effect of cover crop termination date on maize yield and response to fertilizer‐N, (b) determine maize yield at varying N rates following different cover crop species and mixtures, and (c) evaluate the chlorophyll meter reading (CMR), grain N concentration (Nc), and grain N nutrition index (NNI) as N diagnostic methods. Experiments were conducted at four sites in the southeastern Argentinean Pampas with maize planted after cover crops. Factors investigated were cover crops with vetch (Vicia villosaRoth), vetch–oat (Avena sativaL.) mixture, or bare fallow; early termination of cover crops or ∼3 wk later; and maize fertilizer‐N at 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg N ha–1. The minimum N rate that maximized grain yield was higher in vetch–oat mixture (100 kg N ha–1) than in vetch (50 kg N ha–1). Maize yield was not affected by cover crops with 200 kg N ha–1. Late termination dates of vetch–oat mixture reduced maize yield by 15% compared with early termination dates, while there was no effect of vetch termination date. Cover crop termination date did not affect yield response to fertilizer‐N. Relative CMR at silking, grain Nc, and especially grain NNI at maturity were useful tools to diagnose maize N status and cover crop effect. Cover crop management should be considered to adjust the fertilizer N rate and optimize maize productivity.
Modeling whole farm profitability and environmental performance of four alfalfa‐grass binary mixtures in eastern Canadian dairy farms
Authors: Ouellet Veronique , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Laroche Jean‐Philippe , Bélanger Gilles , Binggeli Simon , Jégo Guillaume , Charbonneau Edith 
Published: July 2021

AbstractForages are a major source of nutrients for milk production, but little is known about the effects of forage species on whole‐farm profitability and environmental performance. Using a whole‐farm approach, the N‐CyCLES (Nutrient‐Cycling Crops‐Livestock‐Environment‐Soil) optimization model, and experimentally measured data, this study aimed to compare the profitability and environmental performance of dairy farms when four alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)‐grass binary mixtures harvested and stored as silage and hay are used in ration formulation of heifers and lactating and dry cows: (a) alfalfa‐timothy (Phleum pratense L.) (Al+Tim), (b) alfalfa‐tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] (Al+TF), (c) alfalfa‐meadow fescue fescue [Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv.] (Al+MF), and (d) alfalfa‐meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) (Al+Bro). Simulations were conducted on two virtual eastern Canadian dairy farms: southwestern (SWQ) and eastern Quebec (EQ). Comparisons were based on net income, greenhouse gas emissions, and nutrient balances. In SWQ, Al+Bro and Al+Tim led to the highest net income, but only slight differences were calculated between the four mixtures (maximum difference of 1.4%). In EQ, results suggested that Al+TF is the most viable alternative to Al+Tim mixtures as it allowed the farm to reach the highest profit (maximum difference of 8%). The choice of grass in alfalfa‐grass binary mixture had little impact on the farm's total greenhouse gas emissions: the lowest total greenhouse gas emissions were with Al+ MF in SWQ and with Al+TF in EQ. In SWQ, phosphorus balance was low for the four mixtures and the lowest nitrogen balance was reached with Al+MF and Al+Tim. Finally, in EQ, the lowest phosphorus balance was reached with Al+MF, whereas the lowest nitrogen balance was reached with Al+Bro. In conclusion, despite slight differences, all grass species tested allowed the farm to reach similar profits and environmental performance.
Effect of post shelling storage environments on seed germination and vigor of peanut
Authors: Weaver Caleb C. , Monfort W. Scott , Grey Timothy L. , Pilon Cristiane , Tubbs R. Scott 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProper storage of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) seed is essential for maintaining viability to ensure adequate plant stands are achieved upon planting. Experiments conducted in Georgia from 2017 to 2018 evaluated cultivar by storage condition by sampling date effects on three peanut cultivars. The effects of varying environments, with respect to different temperatures and humidity, on peanut seed viability was evaluated when stored up to 72 d. Seed germination and vigor were assessed in petri dishes on a thermal gradient table with temperatures ranging from 10.2 to 33.2 °C and incubated for 7 d. Daily mean temperature data were used to calculate growing degree day (GDD) accumulation via thermocouples. Maximum germination rates (b0) and GDD values at 80% germination (Germ80) were quantified. Results indicated that germination and vigor varied by cultivar, storage environment, and sampling date with respect to GDDs required to reach Germ80 and maximum germination (b0). Storage environment treatments consisted of (a) 9–12 °C and 43–51% relative humidity (RH), (b) 18–27 °C and 42–54% RH, (c) 12–37 °C and 48–74% RH, and (d) 24–46 °C and 33–85% RH. Storage environments affected seed germination, where environments with large fluctuations in temperature and RH (12–37 °C, 48–74% RH and 24–46 °C, 33–85% RH) for up to 72 d resulted in decreased percentage germination (>20 points) and vigor (>5 GDDs). However, excellent seed germinationand vigor were sustained where storage temperatures were below 18 °C and RH was below 54%. Therefore, maintaining proper temperatures and RH is key to sustaining seed quality (germination and vigor) over time.
Alcohol does not increase in‐hospital mortality due to severe blunt trauma: an analysis of propensity score matching using the Japan Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Sasaki Kazuma , Obinata Hirofumi , Yokobori Shoji , Sakamoto Taigo 
Published: July 2021

AimAlcohol‐related problems, including trauma, are a great burden on global health. Alcohol metabolism in the Japanese population is genetically inferior to other races. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of alcohol use among a Japanese severe blunt trauma cohort.MethodsThis retrospective observational study analyzed the data of trauma patients registered in the Japan Trauma Data Bank between 2004 and 2019. The primary outcome of this study was in‐hospital mortality. The lengths of hospital and intensive care unit stay were the secondary outcomes. Propensity score matching was used to adjust the anatomical severity and patient background to reduce the potential alcohol use bias.ResultsWe analyzed 46,361 patients categorized into nondrinking (n = 37,818) and drinking (n = 8,543) groups. After a 1:1 propensity score matching (n = 8,428, respectively), despite the Glasgow Coma Scale and Revised Trauma Score scores being significantly lower in the drinking group (14 vs. 13 and 7.84 vs. 7.55, P < 0.001, respectively) and intensive care unit length of stay being significantly longer in the drinking group (6 vs. 7 days, P = 0.002), in‐hospital mortality was significantly lower in the alcohol group (11.8% vs. 9.0%, P < 0.001) and there were no differences in the duration of hospital stay (19 vs. 19 days, P = 0.848).ConclusionDespite increasing physiological severity on admission, after adjusting for anatomical severity, alcohol consumption could be beneficial in severe blunt trauma patients as regards in‐hospital mortality.
Spinal Fluid Myeloid Microvesicles Predict Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gelibter Stefano , Pisa Marco , Croese Tommaso , Finardi Annamaria , Mandelli Alessandra , Sangalli Francesca , Colombo Bruno , Martinelli Vittorio , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo , Furlan Roberto 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveIn vivo measures of myeloid activity are promising biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. We previously demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) myeloid microvesicles are markers of microglial/macrophage activity and neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. Here, we aimed at investigating the diagnostic and prognostic value of myeloid microvesicles in a clinical setting.MethodsSix hundred one patients discharged with a diagnosis of neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, or no neurological disease were enrolled. Myeloid microvesicles were measured with flow cytometry as isolectin B4–positive events in fresh CSF. Clinical, demographical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected at diagnosis (all patients) and during follow‐up (n = 176).ResultsCSF myeloid microvesicles were elevated in neuroinflammatory patients compared to the neurodegenerative and control groups. In multiple sclerosis, microvesicles were higher in patients with MRI disease activity and their concentration increased along with the number of enhancing lesions (p < 0.0001, Jonckheere–Terpstra test). CSF myeloid microvesicles were also higher in patients with higher disease activity in the month and year preceding diagnosis. Microvesicles excellently discriminated between the relapsing–remitting and control groups (receiver operator characteristic curve, area under the curve = 0.939, p < 0.0001) and between radiologically isolated syndrome and unspecific brain lesions (0.942, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, microvesicles were independent predictors of prognosis for both the relapsing–remitting and progressive groups. Microvesicles independently predicted future disease activity in relapsing–remitting patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.967, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.147–3.372), correcting for prognostic factors of standard clinical use. In the progressive group, microvesicles were independent predictors of disability accrual (HR = 10.767, 95% CI = 1.335–86.812).InterpretationOur results confirm that CSF myeloid microvesicles are a clinically meaningful biomarker of neuroinflammation and microglial/macrophage activity in vivo. These findings may support a possible use in clinical practice during diagnostic workup and prognostic assessment. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:253–265
Ultrashort Pulse Generation in Nanolasers by Means of Lorenz–Haken Instabilities
Authors: Cerdán Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNearly half a century ago, the German physicist Hermann Haken proved that the laser dynamics could be described, under certain conditions, by the Lorenz equations, the paradigm of deterministic chaos. Unfortunately, its experimental realization has remained elusive for conventional laser materials and cavities mostly due to the extreme pumping conditions and the low cavity quality factors (“bad‐cavity condition”) required to achieve Lorenz–Haken (L‐H) self‐pulsing dynamics upon continuous wave excitation. In this paper, it is theoretically proved that dielectric and plasmonic nanolasers, that can naturally fulfill the bad‐cavity condition, may overcome the limitations of macroscopic cavities and make the observation of L‐H instabilities in visible‐IR solid‐state materials become a reality. Remarkably, the adequate choice of active material and cavity design enables the generation of trains of ultrashort pulses in the sub‐ps regime and with MHz–GHz repetition rates without the need of resorting to neither mode‐locking nor Q‐switching techniques. Thus, the results reported in this manuscript unveil a new paradigm in the generation of ultrashort pulses at the nanoscale.
Selectively Deoxyfluorinated N‐Acetyllactosamine Analogues as 19F NMR Probes to Study Carbohydrate‐Galectin Interactions
Authors: Kurfiřt Martin , Dračínský Martin , Červenková Šťastná Lucie , Cuřínová Petra , Hamala Vojtěch , Hovorková Michaela , Bojarová Pavla , Karban Jindřich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGalectins are widely expressed galactose‐binding lectins implied, for example, in immune regulation, metastatic spreading, and pathogen recognition. N‐Acetyllactosamine (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc, LacNAc) and its oligomeric or glycosylated forms are natural ligands of galectins. To probe substrate specificity and binding mode of galectins, we synthesized a complete series of six mono‐deoxyfluorinated analogues of LacNAc, in which each hydroxyl has been selectively replaced by fluorine while the anomeric position has been protected as methyl β‐glycoside. Initial evaluation of their binding to human galectin‐1 and ‐3 by ELISA and 19F NMR T2‐filter revealed that deoxyfluorination at C3, C4′ and C6′ completely abolished binding to galectin‐1 but very weak binding to galectin‐3 was still detectable. Moreover, deoxyfluorination of C2′ caused an approximately 8‐fold increase in the binding affinity towards galectin‐1, whereas binding to galectin‐3 was essentially not affected. Lipophilicity measurement revealed that deoxyfluorination at the Gal moiety affects log P very differently compared to deoxyfluorination at the GlcNAc moiety.
Systemic and local evidence for complement involvement in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Alizadeh Aghdam Mehran , van den Elzen Mignon , van Os‐Medendorp Harmieke , van Dijk Marijke R. , Knol Edward F. , Knulst André C. , Röckmann Heike , Otten Henny G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), including the mechanism of action of omalizumab, remain unclear. We hypothesized complement system involvement given the often fast clinical response induced by treatment, including omalizumab. Therefore, we assessed the role of various complement factors surrounding omalizumab treatment.MethodsThirty CSU patients (median age 42 [range 21–70]; 73 % female) with a median once daily Urticaria Activity Score over 7 days (UAS7) score at baseline of 31.5 points were enrolled. Treatment consisted of six administrations of 300 mg omalizumab every 4 weeks succeeded by a follow‐up period of 12 weeks. Four punch skin biopsies were taken per patient; at baseline from lesional skin, at baseline from nonlesional skin, and after 1 and 7 days from formerly lesional skin. Complement activity, including C1q, C3, C3bc/C3, C4, C4bc/C4, C5a, and Membrane Attack Complex in peripheral blood were analyzed and complement activation in the skin was determined by the analysis of C4d deposition. Results were related to the clinical response to omalizumab.ResultsFifteen patients showed a UAS7 score of 6 or lower (median 0) at Week 24, 15 patients did not (median 16). Lesional skin biopsies at baseline revealed complement deposition (C4d) in blood vessels in the papillary dermis of 53% (16/30) of the patients, which suggests involvement of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of urticaria. Moreover, indication of increased complement activation in CSU was substantiated by increased C5a levels in peripheral blood compared to healthy controls (p = 0.010). The clinical effect of omalizumab could not be linked to the variation of complement components.ConclusionsBoth C4d deposition in lesional skin and elevated C5a levels in peripheral blood indicate the involvement of complement activation in the pathogenesis of CSU. No correlation was found between omalizumab and activation of complement indicative of independent processes in the immunopathogenesis of CSU.
Implementing information and communication technology education on food allergy and anaphylaxis in the school setting
Authors: Poza‐Guedes Paloma , González‐Pérez Ruperto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionEvery year, 1/10,000 children experiences a food‐anaphylactic reaction. Most of these events, including attack‐related deaths, may happen during the school hours. In the current study, we assessed the influence of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the school‐staff's education on food allergy and anaphylaxis (FAA).MethodsThe target population of this intervention was non‐university teaching centers from the local Regional Education Council, including both state and private institutions. The digital intervention was supported by the free‐of‐charge and open‐source learning‐management Aulatic Educational Platform. Structured questionnaires were developed to evaluate the educators' knowledge, feelings, and self‐efficacy on FAA, in addition to a satisfaction and quality survey of the training program.ResultsA total of 1748 school‐educators were virtually enrolled from May 2016 to June 2020 in one of the 8‐week course editions, with 80.6% of attendees successfully completing the full training. All scores concerning school‐staff's basic knowledge and self‐efficacy on FAA significantly improved after the educational intervention, reaching a high level of satisfaction among participants (98.5%) over the 4‐year educational program.ConclusionOur results highlighted the effectiveness of a focused e‐learning activity to improve teachers and school caretakers in the management of food allergic scholars and anaphylactic reactions during the school hours. The use of ICTs tools should become an integrated part of curricular frameworks in non‐university education, leading to a better care of FAA school children.
Microbiological testing of clinical samples before and after periodontal treatment. A comparative methodological study between real‐time PCR and real‐time‐PCR associated to propidium monoazide
Authors: Sereti Maria , Zekeridou Alkisti , Cancela Jose , Mombelli Andrea , Giannopoulou Catherine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present methodological study was to evaluate the discrepancies in the detection of a number of periodontally involved pathogenic bacteria obtained from clinical samples by two methods: the quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and the qPCR combined with pre‐treatment by Propidium Monoazide (PMA).Material and methodsPlaque and saliva samples were obtained from 30 subjects: 20 subjects with chronic or aggressive periodontitis in need of periodontal therapy with or without antibiotics and 10 subjects in Supportive Periodontal Treatment (SPT). The clinical samples taken before treatment (BL) and 1 month later (M1), were divided in two aliquots: one was immediately treated with PMA while the other was left untreated. All samples were further analyzed with qPCR after DNA extraction, for the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Parvimonas micra (Pm), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi).ResultsLarge inter‐individual variations were observed in the concentration of the studied bacteria. At both instances (BL and M1) and for the three groups, significantly lower counts of bacteria were depicted when plaque and saliva samples were pre‐treated with PMA as compared to those without treatment. Treatment resulted in significant decreases in the number of bacteria, mainly in the plaque samples. However, these changes were almost similar in the three groups independently of the method of detection used (PMA‐qPCR vs. q‐PCR).ConclusionRemoval of DNA from non‐viable cells with PMA treatment is an easily applied step added to the classical qPCR that could give accurate information on the presence of viable bacterial load and evaluate the response to periodontal treatment.
Marching toward “heart work”: Connecting in new ways to thrive amidst COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Chakraborty Debarun , Biswas Wendrila , Dash Ganesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith one of the greatest turmoil in the world of work that has wreaked havoc on companies small and large, the global pandemic COVID‐19 is penning a new normative. Amidst such disruptions, employees are found to be floundering with tears, boredom, annoyance, and helplessness. With unparalleled challenges and uncertain prognosis, employees are unable to rebuild their power and thrive in alternative circumstances. This calls for an active effort on the part of organizations to embrace openness and discuss vividly what needs to be preserved, created, eliminated, or accepted. Deeper ties and inclusive approach of firms can amp up an employee's self‐worth. The current study reflected the essence of connectedness and oneness at times of crisis. Organizations can play a pivotal role in helping employees rise above the feeling of despair. Connecting with heart can sweep off the feeling of instability, bringing in a stream of positive emotions and experiences. The study draws a cross‐sectional data (n = 418) from employees working in various manufacturing and service companies of India to test the hypothesized framework. We have carried out SEM analysis through AMOS to understand the combined measurement model with mediation effects. The analytical results demonstrate that positive mindset fully and partially mediates between the drivers of heart work and resilience. The study reveals that the contributing factors of heart work significantly influences positive mindset of employees, which in turn has a positive association with resilience at work. One of the triggers of heart work—“Face the fear, fix fast” is found to be a strong and consistent predictor of positive mindset. Again, “Generate energy moments” another element of heart work stands to be a sharp predictor of resilience at work. The study also discusses varied implications that can enrich managerial effectuality in this crisis condition.
Optimal design and application of fuzzy logic equipped control in STATCOM to abate SSR oscillations
Authors: Yousuf Viqar , Ahmad Aijaz 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe phenomenon of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is important to understand the operation and stability of the power system. The system becomes vulnerable to SSR oscillations due to series compensation that is unavoidable as it enhances transmission capability. So different alleviation measure is necessary, and this paper presents a novel control with the implementation of fuzzy logic control (FLC) and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for the abatement of SSR using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). This control can compensate for reactive power as well as alleviate SSR oscillations. Both the proposed controllers have the inherent capability to overcome the limitation of proportional and integral (PI) in a non‐linear framework. In the proposed control, the use of a phase‐locked loop is eliminated, thus providing a faster response. Thus, the proposed algorithm highly enhances the capability of STATCOM in controlling the level of series compensation, which results in a substantial reduction of the SSR oscillations. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, an IEEE second benchmark model is simulated. Furthermore, the dynamics of SSR are put forth through various analyses, such as, eigenvalue analysis, frequency scan, fast Fourier analysis, and time‐domain analysis, which helps to better understand the problem of SSR.