bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First direct measurement of auroral and equatorial jets in the stratosphere of Jupiter
Authors: Cavalié T. , Benmahi B. , Hue V. , Moreno R. , Lellouch E. , Fouchet T. , Hartogh P. , Rezac L. , Greathouse T. K. , Gladstone G. R. , Sinclair J. A. , Dobrijevic M. , Billebaud F. , Jarchow C. 
Published: March 2021

Context. The tropospheric wind pattern in Jupiter consists of alternating prograde and retrograde zonal jets with typical velocities of up to 100 m s−1 around the equator. At much higher altitudes, in the ionosphere, strong auroral jets have been discovered with velocities of 1−2 km s−1. There is no such direct measurement in the stratosphere of the planet.
Aims. In this Letter, we bridge the altitude gap between these measurements by directly measuring the wind speeds in Jupiter’s stratosphere.
Methods. We use the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array’s very high spectral and angular resolution imaging of the stratosphere of Jupiter to retrieve the wind speeds as a function of latitude by fitting the Doppler shifts induced by the winds on the spectral lines.
Results. We detect, for the first time, equatorial zonal jets that reside at 1 mbar, that is, above the altitudes where Jupiter’s quasi-quadrennial oscillation occurs. Most noticeably, we find 300−400 m s−1 nonzonal winds at 0.1 mbar over the polar regions underneath the main auroral ovals. They are in counterrotation and lie several hundred kilometers below the ionospheric auroral winds. We suspect them to be the lower tail of the ionospheric auroral winds.
Conclusions. We directly detect, for the first time, strong winds in Jupiter’s stratosphere. They are zonal at low-to-mid latitudes and nonzonal at polar latitudes. The wind system found at polar latitudes may help increase the efficiency of chemical complexification by confining the photochemical products in a region of large energetic electron precipitation.
Endoprothetik am oberen Sprunggelenk
Authors: Dohle Jörn , Stukenborg-Colsman Christina , Plaaß Christian 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungMeist ist die Arthrose des oberen Sprunggelenks (OSG) die Spätfolge einer Sprunggelenkfraktur. Bei fortgeschrittenen Arthrosen bleibt – nach Ausschöpfung der konservativen Therapieoptionen – an operativen Verfahren nur die Wahl zwischen OSG-Arthrodese und OSG-Prothese, deren Technik und Nachbehandlung der Artikel vorstellt. Die erreichte Beweglichkeit nach endoprothetischer Versorgung ist meist geringer als das physiologische Normalmaß, trotzdem funktionell meist ausreichend.
Rückenschmerz
Authors: Lassen Josephine , Gierthmühlen Janne , Baron Ralf 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGRückenschmerz ist ein häufiges Krankheitsbild in der Gesellschaft und stellt die zweithäufigste Ursache für Berufsunfähigkeit in Deutschland dar. Vor allem akuter Rückenschmerz kann Anzeichen einer behandlungsbedürftigen Situation sein, wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen sollten abgeklärt werden. Häufig chronifizieren Rückenschmerzen im Verlauf. Die beschriebenen Symptome sind meist nicht eindeutig nozizeptiv oder neuropathisch, oft zeigt sich ein Mischbild beider Schmerzkomponenten. Dies spielt eine Rolle bei der Therapie, weshalb wegweisende Symptome erfragt werden sollten. Wichtige Schlüsselwörter, die einen neuropathischen Schmerz vermuten lassen, sind u. a. Brennschmerz und einschießender Schmerz sowie das Auftreten von Parästhesien wie Kribbeln und Ameisenlaufen. Die Schmerztherapie sollte leitliniengerecht erfolgen und aktivierende Maßnahmen beinhalten. Eine regelmäßige Bewertung von Verlauf und Therapie ist erforderlich.
Patientenspezifische Implantate in der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie
Authors: Eckstein Fabian Matthias , Zeller Alexander-Nicolai , Korn Philippe , Jehn Philipp , Spalthoff Simon , Tavassol Frank , Rahlf Björn , Gellrich Nils-Claudius 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Verwendung von patientenspezifischen Implantaten zur Rekonstruktion von Defekten des Schädels und der Kiefer hat sich in den letzten Jahren als Standard in der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie etabliert. Anfänglich wurden die zum Einsatz kommenden Implantate intraoperativ direkt an die Defektsituation angepasst. Mit dem Fortschritt in der 3-dimensionalen Bildgebung und im Zuge der zunehmenden Digitalisierung wurden zunächst patientenspezifische 3-D-gedruckte Biomodelle zur direkten Anpassung konfektionierter Implantate im Operationssaal verwendet. Heute kommen vermehrt Implantate zum Einsatz, die im Rahmen eines computerassistierten Designprozesses (CAD) und einer anschließenden computerassistierten Herstellung (CAM) vollständig digital geplant werden. Anfangs war die Verwendung dieser CAD/CAM-gefertigten Implantate auf Defekte mit einfachen Geometrien, wie die Rekonstruktion des Schädeldachs, beschränkt. Durch Fortschritte in der digitalen Planung und der
digital gestützten Herstellung können CAD/CAM-gefertigte patientenspezifische Implantate heute auch zur Versorgung komplexer Defektsituationen im präventiven und funktionalisierten Design verwendet werden. Neben der Orbitarekonstruktion und der alloplastischen Rekonstruktion des Unterkiefers kommen individualisierte Implantate auch zur komplexen dentalen Rehabilitation und funktionellen Wiederherstellung der Kiefergelenke zum Einsatz.
Entwicklung der Notaufnahmefallzahlen eines Schwerpunktversorgers im Verlauf der Corona-Pandemie in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Authors: Stöwhas Mathias , Lippert Hans 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Als Reaktion auf die Corona-Pandemie fand im Frühjahr 2020 ein gesellschaftlicher Stillstand statt. Untersucht werden soll, wie diese Pandemie-Maßnahme auf die Bevölkerung eines ländlich geprägten, strukturschwachen Bundeslandes am Beispiel der Notaufnahmefallzahlen eines Schwerpunktversorgers gewirkt hat.Methoden Abruf von anonymisierten aggregierten Routinedaten und Auswertung der Phasen „Vergleich“ (03.07.2019–15.03.2020), Corona–Phase 1“ (16.03.2020–06.05.2020) und „Corona–Phase 2“ (07.05.2020–31.07.2020).Ergebnisse Auswertung von 24977 Patientendaten (2493 Patienten Corona-Phase 1/5106 Patienten Phase 2). 53% der Patienten sind älter als 50 Jahre, ca. 30% älter als 70 Jahre. Regulär suchen 67,6 Patienten die Notaufnahme je Tag auf. In der Corona-Phase 1 reduziert sich die Zahl um 19,7 Patienten/Tag; in der Phase 2 sind 8,2 Patienten/Tag weniger als in der Vergleichsgruppe – bei insgesamt unveränderter Altersstruktur. 56% der Patienten suchen eigenständig (Selbstvorstellung) die Notaufnahme auf, 24% auf Veranlassung eines Vertragsarztes, 17% werden durch den Rettungsdienst (Notarzt, RTW) vorgestellt. Besonders auffällig ist der Fallzahlrückgang bei den Patienten, die sich selbst in der Notaufnahme vorstellen und vom Kassenarzt eingewiesen werden. Die Fallzahlen über den Rettungsdienst (NEF, RTW) sind relativ stabil – bzw. in der 2. Corona-Phase anteigend (Notarzt+7%, RTW+36%). Das Hauptdiagnosespektrum der aus der Notaufnahme stationär aufgenommenen Patienten umfasst bei den Vertragsarzteinweisungen und Selbstvorsteller 375 bzw. 360 ICD-10-GM Dreistellergruppen. Hierbei reduzieren sich typische Notfallerkrankungen deutlich (Hirninfarkt (I63) -52%, Herzinfarkt (I21) -61%, Cholelithiasis (K80) −75% bei Selbstvorstellungen/Vorhofflimmern (I48) −55%, akute Bronchitis (J20) – 35%, Gastroenteritis (A09) −48% bei Vertragsarzteinweisungen – jeweils Corona-Phase 1 zu Vergleichsgruppe). Diese Fallzahlverluste sind überwiegend in der Corona-Phase 2 persistent (Hirninfarkt (I63) – 29% bei Selbstvorstellern) und nur z. T. reversibel (Herzinfarkt (I21)+10%).Schlussfolgerung Eine Reduktion von Notfallkontakten, die nicht final durch den Pandemieverlauf erklärbar ist, v. a. der Selbstvorstellungen, Kassenarztvorstellungen fanden statt. Die Reduktion der Fallzahlen v. a. der überwiegend älteren Patienten, die selbstständig oder über den Kassenarzt vorgestellt wurden, überwog den Anteil des professionellen Rettungsdienstes deutlich. Es kann vermutet werden, dass Pandemie-Maßnahmen selbst zu diesem Effekt – trotz ausreichender medizinischer Ressourcen- geführt haben. „Infektionsangst“ als alleiniges Erklärungsmodell überzeugt nicht, da in Mecklenburg die Pandemie einen sehr milden, fallzahlschwachen Verlauf ohne Hotspot-Ereignisse in Krankenhäusern hatte. Untersuchungen zur Entscheidungsfindung der Bevölkerung bei Notfällen im weiteren Pandemieverlauf sind notwendig.
Family planning with inflammatory bowel disease: the challenge of childlessness and parent concerns
Authors: Walldorf Jens , Pijan Emilia , Greinert Robin , Riesner-Wehner Anica , Michl Patrick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diagnosis is often established at the beginning of childbearing age. Accordingly, concerns about family planning and pregnancy (FPP) are common. Poor knowledge regarding FPP might contribute to increased childlessness in patients with IBD.
Methods The Crohn’s and Colitis Pregnancy Knowledge Score (CCPKnow, 17 multiple-choice questions) was translated into German and then used for a web-based survey. Childlessness was analyzed with respect to socio-demographic and disease-related information, and the knowledge (CCPKnow) and concerns of IBD patients with children were compared to those of voluntarily childless (VC) and non-voluntarily childless (NVC) IBD patients.
Results Childlessness was observed in 57.4 % of the 533 participants (90.6 % women, 63.0 % Crohn’s disease, 31.5 % ulcerative colitis, mean age 33.2 ± 8.6 years), voluntary childlessness in 9 %. The mean overall CCPKnow was adequate (9.38 ± 3.96). Poor knowledge was not associated with increased childlessness (CCPKnow of < 8 was found in 29.8 % of patients with children and 28.9 % of childless patients, p > 0.5). Instead, the patients’ education, medical advice, FPP-related concerns, impaired body image, and sexual dysfunction had a significant impact on childlessness. Frequent concerns included adverse effects of the patient’s medication on their child (36 % of the respondents), malformation (33 %), miscarriage (34.5 %), and the inheritability of IBD (57 %).
Conclusions Factual knowledge does not reduce disease-related concerns or childlessness. Correct but possibly bothersome information on FPP might contribute to childlessness in patients with IBD. Our findings underline the need for qualified counseling of IBD patients regarding FPP by an experienced IBD physician.
Effects of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the behaviour of larval rainbow trout (
Authors: Jakubowska Magdalena , Greszkiewicz Martyna , Fey Dariusz P. , Otremba Zbigniew , Urban-Malinga Barbara , Andrulewicz Eugeniusz 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of artificial magnetic fields on the behaviour of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. Individuals (from the eyed egg stage) were exposed to a static magnetic field (SMF) of 10 mT or a low-frequency alternating (electromagnetic) field (EMF) of 1 mT, whereas larvae in the control treatment were reared under a natural geomagnetic field (GMF). After 40 days exposure, larvae were tested for 46 h for their attraction to or avoidance of magnetic fields. None of the groups of larvae avoided either the static or alternating field. By contrast, a mean of 54–60% of individuals was recorded in magnetic fields. Moreover, larvae exposed to SMF or EMF were more attracted to their respective magnetic field than individuals reared under a natural GMF. In addition, no stress response (i.e. a change in the oxygen consumption rate) was recorded for O. mykiss larvae exposed to magnetic fields. These results suggest, for the first time, that early life stages of rainbow trout can detect and are attracted to artificial magnetic fields of a magnitude recorded in the vicinity of submarine cables, with no visible signs of stress (i.e. increased oxygen consumption).
The politics of incontournables: entrenching patronage networks in eastern Congo’s mineral markets
Authors: Vogel Christoph 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Years after the formal end of two devastating wars, the Congo’s eastern Kivu provinces meander in a limbo of contested politics, deep-seated insecurity and armed mobilisation. Through the prism of the artisanal mining sector, which is currently undergoing significant regulatory transformation, this article studies the convoluted networks of political and economic order that underpin (in)security. Investigating the links between violence, reform and patronage, it asks how powerbrokers adapt to changing logics of conflict and resource extraction amid transnational reform that aims at ‘conflict-free’ mineral sourcing. Revisiting the notion of patronage, the article argues that political and economic order are socio-spatially entwined and demonstrates how a certain type of stakeholder – known collectively as incontournables – commands multiple loyalties across entangled networks of mineral exploitation and trade that extend far into the political, economic and military spheres of authority.
Upper limb movement profiles during spontaneous motion in acute stroke
Authors: Datta Shreyasi , Karmakar Chandan K , Rao Aravinda S , Yan Bernard , Palaniswami Marimuthu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective.The clinical assessment of upper limb hemiparesis in acute stroke involves repeated manual examination of hand movements during instructed tasks. This process is labour-intensive and prone to human error as well as being strenuous for the patient. Wearable motion sensors can automate the process by measuring characteristics of hand activity. Existing work in this direction either uses multiple sensors or complex instructed movements, or analyzes only thequantityof upper limb motion. These methods are obtrusive and strenuous for acute stroke patients and are also sensitive to noise. In this work, we propose to use only two wrist-worn accelerometer sensors to study thequalityof completely spontaneous upper limb motion and investigate correlation with clinical scores for acute stroke care.Approach.The velocity time series estimated from acquired acceleration data during spontaneous motion is decomposed into smaller movement elements. Measures of density, duration and smoothness of these component elements are extracted and their disparity is studied across the two hands.Main results.Spontaneous upper limb motion in acute stroke can be decomposed into movement elements that resemble point-to-point reaching tasks. These elements are smoother and sparser in the normal hand than in the hemiparetic hand, and the amount of smoothness correlates with hemiparetic severity. Features characterizing the disparity of these movement elements between the two hands show statistical significance in differentiating mild-to-moderate and severe hemiparesis. Using data from 67 acute stroke patients, the proposed method can classify the two levels of hemiparetic severity with 85% accuracy. Additionally, compared to activity-based features, the proposed method is robust to the presence of noise in acquired data.Significance.This work demonstrates that the quality of upper limb motion can characterize and identify hemiparesis in stroke survivors. This is clinically significant towards the continuous automated assessment of hemiparesis in acute stroke using minimally intrusive wearable sensors.
High voltage carrier stored trench bipolar transistor with common anode polysilicon diodes gate structure for low Miller capacitance and low electromagnetic interference noise
Authors: Zhao Yishang , Li Zehong , Hu Wenjin , Yang Yang , Zeng Xiao , Li Luping , Guo Qiao , Yuan Qiang , Ren Min , Zhang Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel 3300 V high voltage carrier stored trench bipolar transistor (CSTBT) with common anode polysilicon diodes gate structure (CAPD-CSTBT) is proposed. The PN junctions and N+ emitter region in the polysilicon gate structure are beneficial for reducing the Miller capacitance by 88.1% and the input capacitance by 26.0%, while due to the polysilicon PN junction barrier, the forward and reverse gate bias voltage will not be affected. As a result, the transient energy loss could be decreased by 32.2% with the same range of R
g. Since the displacement current is shielded by the embedded emitter on the bottom of the CAPD gate structure, the (dI
CE
/dt)max/I
Load is lower than that of the Fin-P-CSTBT by 81.8% on average with the same range of turn-on energy loss. Furthermore, the proposed structure features a 58.7% lower (dV
KA
/dt)max/V
cc value for the free-wheeling diode on average. By Fourier transformation, the proposed structure represents lower amplitudes for the I
CE and V
KA spectrums during the turn-on period, which is a drastic suppression of electromagnetic interference noise.
Galaxy imaging surveys as spin-sensitive detector for cosmological colliders
Authors: Kogai Kazuhiro , Akitsu Kazuyuki , Schmidt Fabian , Urakawa Yuko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Galaxy imaging surveys provide us with information on both
the galaxy distribution and their shapes. In this paper, we
systematically investigate the sensitivity of galaxy shapes to new
physics in the initial conditions. For this purpose, we decompose
the galaxy shape function into spin components, and compute the
contributions to each spin component from both intrinsic alignment
and weak lensing. We then consider the angular-dependent primordial
non-Gaussianity, which is generated by a non-zero integer spin
particle when active during inflation, and show that a galaxy
imaging survey essentially functions as a spin-sensitive detector of
such particles in the early universe. We also perform a forecast of
the PNG generated from a higher spin particle, considering a Rubin
Observatory LSST-like galaxy survey.
Science Commissioning of NIHTS: The Near-infrared High Throughput Spectrograph on the Lowell Discovery Telescope
Authors: Gustafsson Annika , Moskovitz Nicholas , Cushing Michael C. , Bida Thomas A. , Dunham Edward W. , Roe Henry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Near-Infrared High Throughput Spectrograph (NIHTS) is in operation on the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Happy Jack, AZ. NIHTS is a low-resolution spectrograph (R ∼ 200) that operates from 0.86 to 2.45 microns. NIHTS is fed by a custom dichroic mirror which reflects near-infrared wavelengths to the spectrograph and transmits the visible to enable simultaneous imaging with the Large Monolithic Imager (LMI), an independent visible wavelength camera. The combination of premier tracking and acquisition capabilities of the LDT, a several arcminutes field of view on LMI, and high spectral throughput on NIHTS enables novel studies of a number of astrophysical and planetary objects including Kuiper Belt Objects, asteroids, comets, low mass stars, and exoplanet hosts stars. We present a summary of NIHTS operations, commissioning, data reduction procedures with two approaches for the correction of telluric absorption features, and an overview of select science cases that will be pursued by Lowell Observatory, Northern Arizona University, and LDT partners.
PyLightcurve-torch: a transit modeling package for deep learning applications in PyTorch
Authors: Morvan Mario , Tsiaras Angelos , Nikolaou Nikolaos , Waldmann Ingo P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a new open source python package, based on PyLightcurve and PyTorch Paszke et al., tailored for efficient computation and automatic differentiation of exoplanetary transits. The classes and functions implemented are fully vectorised, natively GPU-compatible and differentiable with respect to the stellar and planetary parameters. This makes PyLightcurve-torch suitable for traditional forward computation of transits, but also extends the range of possible applications with inference and optimization algorithms requiring access to the gradients of the physical model. This endeavour is aimed at fostering the use of deep learning in exoplanets research, motivated by an ever increasing amount of stellar light curves data and various incentives for the improvement of detection and characterization techniques.
Distribution identification and information loss in a measurement uncertainty network
Authors: Duncan Paul M , Whittaker D S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Measurement uncertainty is an increasingly important consideration in many applications demanding extreme performance levels. In the era of the internet of things and 5G connectivity we can learn more about device performance by utilising the increasing amount of data produced. These data require appropriate information infrastructure to facilitate continuous updating of device performance knowledge. This paper presents the results of a study which NPL undertook with a leading test and measurement device manufacturer to examine how measurement uncertainty propagates through the data traceability chain from national standards to end devices. A hierarchy of siloed calculations and heuristics did not enable a satisfactory metadata exchange within the dataflow to ensure an internally consistent calculation of measurement uncertainty. We therefore propose a novel measurement uncertainty network which contains a set of internally consistent measurement models, traceable to national standards and connected through common quantities. The network facilitates sharing and programmatic processing of measurement data with due regard to timeliness, privacy preservation and adherence to FAIR principles in measurement data exchange. An illustrative example of this network is presented with techniques to determine the best-fitting standard probability distribution for a given dataset and the resulting change in information content.
On the relationship microstructure/properties on yield strength of a Fe-C-Mn steel
Authors: Aburto-Perdomo E , Duran-Nuñez A , Ramirez-Ledesma A L , Juarez-Islas J A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fe-C-Mn steel was produced by the electric arc furnace, vacuum degassing, ladle treatment and continuous casting route followed by a hot rolling schedule, water quench and tempered. Then, after evaluation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel, a relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties was presented focusing on the impact of the different strengthening mechanisms on the resulting yield strength.
The inverse problem of a dynamical system solved with genetic algorithms
Authors: Esquivel Ricardo Medel , Gómez-Vargas Isidro , Montalvo Teodoro Rivera , Vázquez J. Alberto , García-Salcedo Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we propose a complete methodology to identify the parameters of a dynamical system from a data set using genetic algorithms. Considering the search for the model parameters as an inverse problem, we numerically solve the differential equations of the dynamical system; each set of parameters is then considered as an individual of the population that evolves in the genetic algorithm. As a fitness function we use the distance L1 between the numerical solution and the data.
Modeling of meteorological variables in localities without meteorological data, from the data recorded in neighboring locations that have topomesoclimatically similar conditions for the installation of renewable energy projects
Authors: Mera E , Pacheco P , Parodi C , Gutiérrez L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study models meteorological variables for a sector with nonexistent data through the technique of data imputation [2,3] for the installation of renewable energy projects, which in a first step seek for data generated under similar conditions, and in a second step applies a ratio [2] to these data based on an expert consultation. To validate the methodology, a meteorological station representative of the sector under study was installed and the modeled and real values were contrasted, registering that the lowest correlation coefficient is in the variable of Wind Speed (0.246) and high in the variable Temperature (0.657).