bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased compositional heterogeneity of mass‐flowering orchard crops does not promote wild bee abundance in orchards
Authors: Pisman Matti , Eeraerts Maxime , Ariza Daniel , Smagghe Guy , Meeus Ivan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to increasing difficulties to maintain semi‐natural habitat within agricultural landscapes, management of the agricultural matrix may provide a more realistic approach to support farmland biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. We hypothesize that orchard compositional heterogeneity (OCH), that is, different mass‐flowering crops with sequential blooming periods, may support pollinators through continuous abundance of floral resources.
We assessed whether increased OCH at the landscape level had a positive effect on wild bee abundances in sweet cherry and apple orchards during bloom.
We monitored 15 sweet cherry and 14 apple orchards in Flanders, Belgium, situated along a gradient of OCH. We performed pollinator surveys during bloom to measure wild bee and honey bee abundance and monitored fruit development to assess fruit set and quality.
We found no positive effect of OCH on wild pollinator abundance in our study system. Solitary bees showed contrasting responses between crops. Bumble bees showed no response. Wild pollinator abundance had a positive effect on sweet cherry fruit set and apple seed set.
Our results imply that increasing crop compositional heterogeneity solely in terms of orchard crops with a limited difference in bloom phenology may prove to be insufficient to support pollinators. We confirm the importance of wild pollinators for pollination services in horticulture.
Parental and staff experiences of restricted parental presence on a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during COVID‐19
Authors: Garfield Harriet , Westgate Briony , Chaudhary Rajiv , King Mary , O’Curry Sara , Archibald Sarah‐Jane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on parental presence in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) during the first wave. The NICU team at the Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, endeavoured to explore the impact on parent and staff experiences of supporting parents throughout the period when visiting was restricted, between 13th August and 11th September 2020.MethodsBespoke surveys were designed following the first lockdown to gather information on the impact on staff and parents. The questions were developed in the context of initial observations and conversations with staff and parents.ResultsThe findings of this study have illustrated the extent of the restrictions on parental wellbeing and mood, with the restrictions having had an adverse effect on these. In addition, the findings illustrate the adverse effect that the parents reported due to the restricted presence in terms of their babies’ wellbeing, parent‐infant bonding, partners’ wellbeing, parental confidence, the ability to breastfeed confidently and parents’ access to the medical teams.ConclusionThe findings of this study have a number of clinical implications for parents and staff. Namely, the data supported the decision not to close NICU again during the second and third waves.
Neural oscillations and learning performance vary with an instructor's gestures and visual materials in video lectures
Authors: Pi Zhongling , Zhang Yabo , Yu Qiuchen , Zhang Yi , Yang Jiumin , Zhao Qingbai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInstructors' speech and gestures are tightly integrated. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms by which different types of gestures affect learning. We conducted two experiments on the effects of gestures in video lectures that included an instructor and slides, with English vocabulary as the topic. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the instructor's gestures (beat gestures vs. pointing gestures vs. depictive gestures) on neural oscillations and learning performance. The electroencephalogram results showed that students had higher alpha power and higher beta power when the instructor used pointing gestures, suggesting lower sensorimotor involvement in processing. Pointing gestures produced lower learning performance than beat gestures and depictive gestures. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the instructor's pointing gestures and the richness of visual materials in video lectures. The results showed that the effectiveness of pointing gestures was moderated by the richness of the visual materials on the slide. Specifically, pointing gestures were more effective for complex versus simple learning materials. The findings suggest that electroencephalogram oscillations and learning performance vary with the type of gesture the instructor uses and the richness of visual materials in video lectures. This study has applied value for designing effective video lectures in many disciplines: (1) When a video lecture includes simple visual materials, a beat gesture and depictive gesture would be better; (2) when a video lecture includes complex visual materials, the instructor can produce pointing gestures to single out the learning content they are talking about.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Instructors commonly produce gestures while they teach, and their gestures and speech are tightly integrated.
Instructors often use three types of gestures: beat gestures, pointing gestures and depictive gestures.
Different types of gestures influence learning via different neural mechanisms.
What this paper adds

Students' alpha power and beta power had lower amplitudes when observing an instructor's beat gestures, compared to pointing and depictive gestures.
Students showed higher learning performance after viewing the video lectures with the instructor's beat and depictive gestures.
An instructor's pointing gestures facilitated learning performance primarily in video lectures with complex visual materials (CVM) rather than simple visual material (SVM).
Implications for practice and/or policy

When a video lecture includes SVM, the instructor is encouraged to produce beat gestures and depictive gestures rather than pointing gestures.
When a video lecture includes CVM, the instructor is encouraged to produce pointing gestures to single out the learning content they are talking about.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) deletions as biomarkers of response to treatment of chronic active EBV
Authors: Venturini Cristina , Houldcroft Charlotte J. , Lazareva Arina , Wegner Fanny , Morfopoulou Sofia , Amrolia Persis J. , Golwala Zainab , Rao Anupama , Marks Stephen D. , Simmonds Jacob , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Farrell Paul J. , Cohen Jeffrey I. , Worth Austen J. , Breuer Judith 
Published: August 2021

SummaryChronic active Epstein–Barr virus (CAEBV) disease is a rare condition characterised by persistent EBV infection in previously healthy individuals. Defective EBV genomes were found in East Asian patients with CAEBV. In the present study, we sequenced 14 blood EBV samples from three UK patients with CAEBV, comparing the results with saliva CAEBV samples and other conditions. We observed EBV deletions in blood, some of which may disrupt viral replication, but not saliva in CAEBV. Deletions were lost overtime after successful treatment. These findings are compatible with CAEBV being associated with the evolution and persistence of EBV+ haematological clones that are lost on successful treatment.
Understanding the role of host metabolites in the induction of immune senescence: Future strategies for keeping the ageing population healthy
Authors: Conway Jessica , Certo Michelangelo , Lord Janet M. , Mauro Claudio , Duggal Niharika A. 
Published: August 2021

Advancing age is accompanied by significant remodelling of the immune system, termed immune senescence, and increased systemic inflammation, termed inflammageing, both of which contribute towards an increased risk of developing chronic diseases in old age. Age‐associated alterations in metabolic homeostasis have been linked with changes in a range of physiological functions, but their effects on immune senescence remains poorly understood. In this article, we review the recent literature to formulate hypotheses as to how an age‐associated dysfunctional metabolism, driven by an accumulation of key host metabolites (saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, ceramides and lactate) and loss of other metabolites (glutamine, tryptophan and short‐chain fatty acids), might play a role in driving immune senescence and inflammageing, ultimately leading to diseases of old age. We also highlight the potential use of metabolic immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these processes in counteracting immune senescence and restoring immune homeostasis in older adults.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc
Low risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma among patients with ultrashort‐segment Barrett's esophagus in Japan
Authors: Fukuda Sho , Watanabe Kenta , Yoshida Tatsuki , Takahashi So , Fujimori Shusei , Horikawa Yohei , Komatsu Taiga , Shirane Kenji , Shimodaira Yosuke , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Iijima Katsunori 
Published: August 2021

ObjectsUltrashort‐segment Barrett’s esophagus (USSBE; length of <1 cm) is very frequently diagnosed in Japan, but the cancer risk of USSBE is unknown. In this study, by retrieving endoscopic images, we retrospectively investigated the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) by the grade of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and compared the findings with those of gastric cancer by the degree of endoscopic gastric atrophy in the same population.MethodsAmong consecutive participants who had undergone endoscopy for an annual health checkup in 2014, the 9121 who had received at least one follow‐up endoscopy by December 2020 were enrolled in this study. Using the retrieved endoscopic images, we retrospectively evaluated BE and gastric atrophy. Information on the subsequent occurrence of EAC and gastric cancer as of December 2020 was also collected. The incidence of cancer by the extent of BE and gastric atrophy was calculated and expressed as the percentage per year.ResultsOn reviewing the endoscopic image in 2014, 4190 (45.9%) were found to have been diagnosed with BE, of whom 3318 (36.4%) were judged to have USSBE. During an observation period of 54.1 (17.9) months, 89 gastric cancers and only two EACs were identified. The incidence of EAC in USSBE was 0.0068%/year, which was nearly as low as the incidence of gastric cancer in atrophy‐free patients (0.0068% vs. 0.0059%/year).ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of USSBE is quite high (36.4%), the incidence of EAC in USSBE is very low (0.0068%/year). Accordingly, USSBE can be excluded from targets for endoscopic surveillance in Japan.
Winner's curse: The sad aftermath of the discovery of insulin
Authors: Wright James R. , Gale Edwin A. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvery young researcher dreams of making a great discovery, but few achieve it. If they do, success does not guarantee happiness. There is little satisfaction in discovering something if others get the credit, and those who achieve fame must face the ‘winner's curse’ of living up to their reputation. Few discoveries have been more dramatic than the isolation of insulin which, as Michael Bliss said, resembled a secular miracle. And yet, as he also pointed out, this great discovery brought little happiness to those who made it. Some were sidelined, and Banting and Best were saddled with the winner's curse. Here, we look at the ways in which a great discovery can haunt its discoverers.
The interrelationships of motivation, positive symptoms, stigma, and role functioning in early psychosis
Authors: DeTore Nicole R. , Balogun‐Mwangi Oyenike , Tepper Miriam , Cather Corinne , Russinova Zlatka , Lanca Margaret , Mueser Kim T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimAvolition, or the lack of motivation, has consistently been shown to be a significant predictor of poor psychosocial outcome, with decreased overall motivation as the single strongest predictor of poor work or school outcome in first episode psychosis. This study aimed to better understand the ways in which motivation impacts work and school functioning. This study first examined the factors related to motivation in people recovering from a recent onset of psychosis, then explored the unique interrelationships between positive symptoms, stigma, and motivation and how they influence role functioning.MethodsA total of 40 participants with early psychosis were recruited for this cross‐sectional design study; with a mean of 14.5 months of treatment prior to study assessment.ResultsNeither experienced nor internalized stigma were related to motivation in this sample, but internalized stigma was related to work and school functioning. Positive symptoms were significantly inversely related to both work and school functioning and motivation, with mediation analyses showing that motivation significantly mediates the relationship between positive symptoms and role functioning.ConclusionThis relationship may shed light on the link between motivational deficits and work and school outcomes early in the course of psychosis, an area of critical importance for early intervention.
Mechanism‐based therapeutic targets of pemphigus vulgaris: A scoping review of pathogenic molecular pathways
Authors: Kaur Bavleen , Kerbrat Jenna , Kho Jia , Kaler Manreet , Kanatsios Stefanos , Cirillo Nicola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially fatal autoimmune blistering disease characterised by cell‐cell detachment or acantholysis. The mechanisms which follow antibody (Ab) binding and culminate in acantholytic changes and skin/mucosal blistering have not been fully clarified. Current treatment strategies are not specific to PV pathophysiology and although life‐saving, harbour considerable side effects. We aimed to systematically assess the molecules amenable to targeted treatments that follow Ab binding and are associated with PV acantholysis. The resulting scoping review was conducted under PRISMA‐ScR guidelines with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria and focused specifically on kinases, caspases, proteases, hydrolytic enzymes and other molecules of interest postulated to take part in the pathophysiology of PV. The review process resulted in the identification of 882 articles, of which 56 were eligible for qualitative synthesis. From the included articles, the majority (n = 42) used PV‐IgG as the pathogenic agent, mainly via in vitro (n = 16) and in vivo (n = 10) models. Twenty‐five molecules were found to play a pathogenic role in PV, including uPA, ADAM10, EGFR, Src, PKC, cdk2, ERK, PLC, calmodulin, NOS, p38MAPK and caspase‐3. Selective inhibition of these molecules resulted in varying degrees of reduction in acantholysis and blistering. The pathogenic molecules identified in this review represent potential candidates for clinical translation.
Becoming what you are seeking: Building Relational Self‐Awareness in emerging adults
Authors: Solomon Alexandra H. , Martinez Carolina J. , Wren James Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmerging adults are attempting to navigate a rapidly shifting and immensely complicated landscape of modern love, often without meaningful sex and relationship education. Although individually oriented relationship education programs for emerging adults make a difference in the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of the recipients (Simpson et al., Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2018, 47, 477) and most emerging adults report they yearn for relationship education (Weissbourd et al., The talk: How adults can promote young people’s healthy relationships and prevent misogyny and sexual harassment, 2017), these programs are not widely available. Educators who are working with emerging adults in a classroom or psychoeducational setting are well‐positioned to help emerging adults identify and enact healthy and purposeful relational and sexual choices. The first part of the paper orients readers to the “topography” of the modern love landscape by describing four macro cultural themes that impact the intimate lives of emerging adults. The second part of the paper introduces relationship educators to Relational Self‐Awareness (Solomon, Loving Bravely: 20 lessons of self‐discovery to help you get the love you want, New Harbinger, 2017), an integrative approach to helping emerging adults understand the self‐in‐relationship. Each of the five pillars of Relational Self‐Awareness is defined and operationalized, and specific recommendations are provided for how educators can integrate these pillars into their existing curricula. Clinical implications and future directions are offered.
Board monitoring and advising trade‐offs amidst economic policy uncertainty
Authors: Frye Melissa B. , Pham Duong T. , Zhang Rongrong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examine the changes in the board's dual roles of monitoring and advising in times of fluctuating economic policy uncertainty (EPU). We find that a rise in EPU leads boards to reduce the size and increase independence and the proportion of female directors. They also decrease the involvement of insiders and outside executives. There is also a drop in the busyness of the directors. Overall, we find that boards enhance their monitoring power to deal with greater EPU.
Incidence, prevalence, and predictors of inflammatory arthritis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hanna Nardin , Silverberg Orli M. , Reaume Michael , Gladman Dafna , Davis Mark D. P. , Piguet Vincent , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn increasing amount of evidence has emerged suggesting that hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with inflammatory arthritis. This study reviewed the incidence, prevalence, and predictors of inflammatory arthritis in patients with HS. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in CINAHL, Embase, and Medline from inception to February 14, 2020. Articles were included in the review if they provided data on disease epidemiology or predictors of adult or pediatric HS patients with comorbid inflammatory arthritis. There are no validated diagnostic criteria for HS, thus we considered patients as having HS if they had at least one diagnostic code in a hospital or claims database or a diagnosis of HS/inflammatory arthritis in a medical record. The same criteria were used to confirm presence of inflammatory arthritis. We identified an increased incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in HS patients when compared with estimates in the general population. We identified a relatively high prevalence of RA, spondyloarthritis (SpA), and PsA in HS patients when compared with estimates in the general population. There was evidence to suggest that patients who are younger than 30, male, have severe HS, or are taking infliximab or adalimumab (which may also be confounded by HS disease severity) may be at greater risk for specific subtypes of inflammatory arthritis. However, further data are needed to confirm these associations. The increased incidence and prevalence of inflammatory arthritis within HS patients underscore the need for increased awareness and interdisciplinary partnership within rheumatology and dermatology.
Mortality outcomes for Māori requiring renal replacement therapy during critical illness: a single unit audit in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Mohd Slim M. Atif , Lala Hamish Mohan , Barnes Nicholas , Martynoga Robert Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMāori in New Zealand (NZ) are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) and experience lower life expectancy on community dialysis compared with non‐Māori. We previously identified a higher renal replacement therapy (RRT) requirement for Māori in our intensive care unit (ICU), the tertiary referral centre for NZ's Te Manawa Taki region.AimTo describe mortality outcomes by ethnicity in the population requiring RRT in our ICU.MethodsRetrospective audit of the Australia and NZ Intensive Care Society database for adult admissions to our general ICU from Te Manawa Taki between 2014 and 2018. Patients were stratified by non‐RRT requirement (non‐RRT), RRT‐requiring acute kidney injury (AKI‐RRT) and RRT‐requiring end‐stage renal disease (ESRD).ResultsRelative to the population of Te Manawa Taki, Māori were over‐represented across all strata, especially ESRD (61.8%), followed by AKI‐RRT (35.0%) and non‐RRT (32.4%) (P < 0.001). There was no excess mortality by ethnicity in any stratum. Crude in‐ICU mortality was similar by ethnicity among AKI‐RRT (30.8% among Māori, vs 31.5%; P = 1.000) and ESRD (16.4% among Māori, vs 20.6%; P = 0.826). This trend remained at 1 year. Adjusted for clinically selected variables, neither AKI‐RRT nor ESRD mortality was predicted by Māori ethnicity, both in‐ICU and at 1 year. Irrespective of ethnicity, AKI‐RRT patients had highest in‐ICU mortality (31.2%; P < 0.001), while ESRD had highest 1‐year mortality (46.1%; P < 0.001).ConclusionIncreased RRT requirement among Māori in our ICU is due to higher representation among ESRD. We did not demonstrate excess mortality by ethnicity in any stratum. AKI‐RRT had higher in‐ICU mortality than ESRD, but this reversed at 1 year.
Tissue‐specific differences in detection of Yersinia ruckeri carrier status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Sibinga Nathaniel A. , Marquis Hélène 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEffective monitoring for subclinical infections is a cornerstone of proactive disease management in aquaculture. Salmonid fish that survive enteric redmouth disease (ERM) can carry Yersinia ruckeri as a latent infection for several months, potentially facilitating cryptic spread between facilities that exchange fish. In this study, fingerling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were infected by immersion and sampled for up to 14 weeks post‐infection. Yersinia ruckeri was cultured from the posterior kidney of more than 89% of fish up to 4 weeks post‐infection, but from 2% or fewer of fish sampled at later time points. In contrast, qPCR‐based detection of the Y. ruckeri 16s rRNA gene in intestine and spleen extracts revealed a much higher rate of infection: at 14 weeks post‐infection Y. ruckeri was detected in nearly 50% of spleens and 15% of intestines. The difference between spleen and intestine is likely due at least in part to technical limitations of qPCR on intestinal DNA extracts; accordingly, we propose that qPCR of spleen DNA ought to be considered the preferred standard for detection of carriers of Y. ruckeri.