bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bereavement From COVID-19, Gender, and Reports of Depression Among Older Adults in Europe
Authors: Wang Haowei , Verdery Ashton M , Margolis Rachel , Smith-Greenaway Emily 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has left older adults around the world bereaved by the sudden death of relatives and friends. We examine if COVID-19 bereavement corresponds with older adults’ reporting depression in 27 countries and test for variations by gender and country context.

Method
We analyze the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe COVID-19 data collected between June and August 2020 from 51,383 older adults (age 50–104) living in 27 countries, of whom 1,363 reported the death of a relative or friend from COVID-19. We estimate pooled multilevel logit regression models to examine if COVID-19 bereavement is associated with self-reported depression and worsening depression, and we test whether national COVID-19 mortality rates moderate these associations.

Results
COVID-19 bereavement is associated with significantly higher probabilities of both reporting depression and reporting worsened depression among older adults. Net of one’s own personal loss, living in a country with the highest COVID-19 mortality rate is associated with women’s reports of worsened depression but not men’s. However, the country’s COVID-19 mortality rate does not moderate associations between COVID-19 bereavement and depression.

Discussion
COVID-19 deaths have lingering mental health implications for surviving older adults. Even as the collective toll of the crisis is apparent, bereaved older adults are in particular need of mental health support.
Excess membrane binding of monomeric alpha-, beta- and gamma-synuclein is invariably associated with inclusion formation and toxicity
Authors: Kim Tae-Eun , Newman Andrew J , Imberdis Thibaut , Brontesi Lisa , Tripathi Arati , Ramalingam Nagendran , Fanning Saranna , Selkoe Dennis , Dettmer Ulf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) has been well-documented to play a role in human synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). First, the lesions found in PD/DLB brains—Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites—are rich in aggregated αS. Second, genetic evidence links missense mutations and increased αS expression to familial forms of PD/DLB. Third, toxicity and cellular stress can be caused by αS under certain experimental conditions. In contrast, the homologs β-synuclein (βS) and γ-synuclein (γS) are not typically found in Lewy bodies/neurites, have not been clearly linked to brain diseases and have been largely non-toxic in experimental settings. In αS, the so-called non-amyloid-β component of plaques (NAC) domain, constituting amino acids 61–95, has been identified to be critical for aggregation in vitro. This domain is partially absent in βS and only incompletely conserved in γS, which could explain why both homologs do not cause disease. However, αS in vitro aggregation and cellular toxicity have not been firmly linked experimentally, and it has been proposed that excess αS membrane binding is sufficient to induce neurotoxicity. Indeed, recent characterizations of Lewy bodies have highlighted the accumulation of lipids and membranous organelles, raising the possibility that βS and γS could also become neurotoxic if they were more prone to membrane/lipid binding. Here, we increased βS and γS membrane affinity by strategic point mutations and demonstrate that these proteins behave like membrane-associated monomers, are cytotoxic and form round cytoplasmic inclusions that can be prevented by inhibiting stearoyl-CoA desaturase.
Integrative Studies of Sexual Selection in Manakins, a Clade of Charismatic Tropical Birds
Authors: Alfonso Camilo , Jones Blake C , Vernasco Ben J , Moore Ignacio T 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe neotropical manakins (family Pipridae) provide a great opportunity for integrative studies of sexual selection as nearly all of the 51 species are lek-breeding, an extreme form of polygyny, and highly sexually dimorphic both in appearance and behavior. Male courtship displays are often elaborate and include auditory cues, both vocal and mechanical, as well as visual elements. In addition, the displays are often extremely rapid, highly acrobatic, and, in some species, multiple males perform coordinated displays that form the basis of long-term coalitions. Male manakins also exhibit unique neuroendocrine, physiological, and anatomical adaptations to support the performance of these complex displays and the maintenance of their intricate social systems. The Manakin Genomics Research Coordination Network (Manakin RCN, https://www.manakinsrcn.org) has brought together researchers (many in this symposium and this issue) from across disciplines to address the implications of sexual selection on evolution, ecology, behavior, and physiology in manakins. The objective of this paper is to present some of the most pertinent and integrative manakin research as well as introducing the papers presented in this issue. The results discussed at the manakin symposium, part of the 2021 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Conference, highlight the remarkable genomic, behavioral, and physiological adaptations as well as the evolutionary causes and consequences of strong sexual selection pressures that are evident in manakins.
Medicines management at home during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study exploring the UK patient/carer perspective
Authors: Garfield Sara , Wheeler Carly , Boucher Charles , Etkind Mike , Lloyd Jill , Norton John , Ogunleye Della , Taylor Alex , Williams Marney , Grimes Tamasine , Kelly Dervla , Franklin Bryony Dean 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To explore home medicine practices and safety for people shielding and/or over the age of 70 during the COVID-19 pandemic and to create guidance, from the patient/carer perspective, for enabling safe medicine practices for this population.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 50 UK participants who were shielding and/or over the age of 70 and who used medicines for a long-term condition, using telephone or video conferencing. Participants were recruited through personal/professional networks and through patient/carer organisations. Participants were asked about their experiences of managing medicines during the pandemic and how this differed from previous practices. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Key findings
Patients’ and their families’ experiences of managing medicines safely during the pandemic varied greatly. Analysis suggests that this was based on the patient’s own agency, the functioning of their medicines system pre-pandemic and their relationships with family, friends, community networks and pharmacy staff. Medicine safety issues reported included omitted doses and less-effective formulations being used. Participants also described experiencing high levels of anxiety related to obtaining medicines, monitoring medicines and feeling at risk of contracting COVID-19 while accessing healthcare services for medicine-related issues. Effects of the pandemic on medicines adherence were reported to be positive by some and negative by others.

Conclusions
Pharmacy staff have a key role to play by establishing good relationships with patients and their families, working with prescribers to ensure medicines systems are as joined up as possible, and signposting to community networks that can help with medicines collection.
Characterizing the Relationship Between Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Survival on Cry3Bb1-Expressing Corn and Larval Development Metrics
Authors: Reinders Jordan D , Wangila David S , Robinson Emily A , French B Wade , Meinke Lance J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a significant pest of field corn, Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae), across the United States Corn Belt. Widespread adoption and continuous use of corn hybrids expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein to manage the western corn rootworm has resulted in greater than expected injury to Cry3Bb1-expressing hybrids in multiple areas of Nebraska. Single-plant bioassays were conducted on larval western corn rootworm populations to determine the level of resistance present in various Nebraska counties. The results confirmed a mosaic of susceptibility to Cry3Bb1 across Nebraska. Larval development metrics, including head capsule width and fresh weight, were measured to quantify the relationship between the level of resistance to Cry3Bb1 and larval developmental rate. Regression and correlation analyses indicate a significant positive relationship between Cry3Bb1 corrected survival and both larval development metrics. Results indicate that as the level of resistance to Cry3Bb1 within field populations increases, mean head capsule width and larval fresh weight also increase. This increases our understanding of western corn rootworm population dynamics and age structure variability present in the transgenic landscape that is part of the complex interaction of factors that drives resistance evolution. This collective variability and complexity within the landscape reinforces the importance of making corn rootworm management decisions based on information collected at the local level.
Effect of BG-Lures on the Male Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Sound Trap Capture Rates
Authors: Staunton Kyran M , Goi Joelyn , Townsend Michael , Ritchie Scott A , Crawford Jacob E , Snoad Nigel , Karl Stephan , Burkot Thomas R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With global expansion of the two main vectors of dengue, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, Diptera: Culicidae), there is a need to further develop cost-effective and user-friendly surveillance tools to monitor the population dynamics of these species. The abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. Albopictus, and associated bycatch captured by Male Aedes Sound Traps (MASTs) and BG-Sentinel (BGS) traps that were unbaited or baited with BG-Lures were compared in Cairns, Australia and Madang, Papua New Guinea. Mean male Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus catch rates in MASTs did not significantly differ when deployed with BG-Lures. Similarly, males of both these species were not sampled at statistically different rates in BGS traps with or without BG-Lures. However, MASTs with BG-Lures caught significantly less male Ae. aegypti than BGS traps baited with BG-Lures in Cairns, and MASTs without BG-Lures caught significantly more male Ae. albopictus than BGS traps without BG-Lures in Madang. Additionally, BG-Lures significantly increased female Ae. aegypti catch rates in BGS traps in Cairns. Lastly, bycatch capture rates in BGS traps were not significantly influenced by the addition of the BG-Lures. While this study provides useful information regarding the surveillance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in these locations, further development and investigation is required to successfully integrate an olfactory lure into the MAST system.
Timing of Aspirin Use Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer in Relation to Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiao Shiyu , Xie Wenhui , Fan Yihan , Zhou Liya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundExposure of aspirin has been associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but aspirin use in relation to CRC patients’ mortality remains undetermined. It is necessary to quantify the association between aspirin use and CRC mortality.MethodsTwo authors independently searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from 1947 through April 25, 2020. All observational studies assessing the association between different timing of aspirin use and CRC mortality were included. The effect size on study outcomes was calculated using random-effect model and presented as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity, publication bias, and quality of included studies were also assessed.ResultsA total of 34 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Prediagnosis aspirin use was not associated with CRC-specific mortality (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.05) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.31). A statistically significant association between continued aspirin use and improvement in both CRC-specific mortality (RR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.81) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.93) was observed. Postdiagnosis use of aspirin was associated only with reduced all-cause mortality (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.94).ConclusionsContinued aspirin use before and after CRC diagnosis has the most advantage regarding the improvement of CRC mortality. Nevertheless, further prospective trials and mechanistic studies are highly warranted.
Colon angiolipoma with intussusception resected by laparoscopy-assisted surgery: a case report
Authors: Kimura Akiharu , Morinaga Nobuhiro , Tajima Kohei , Ogata Kyoichi , Kato Hiroyuki , Sohda Makoto , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Angiolipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors that often occur under the skin of the upper extremity or thoracic and abdominal walls. Angiolipomas of the digestive tract are rare. Here, we describe a case of transverse colon angiolipoma with intussusception resected by laparoscopy-assisted surgery. A 50-year-old woman visited a family hospital with complaints of left lower abdominal pain and bloody stool. Colonoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor in her left colon. She was referred to our hospital for further examination. Computed tomography revealed a low-density tumor with intussusception in the left transverse colon. Elective surgery was planned for this patient because there were no alarming symptoms such as ileus or obstruction. Laparoscopy-assisted surgery and partial resection of the left transverse colon were performed. The histopathological diagnosis was angiolipoma of the colon. Angiolipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors that rarely occur in the digestive tract. Thus, accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult.
‘Departure from a Sinking World’: Jewish Emigration from Austria between 1933 and 1938
Authors: Anderl Gabriele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hitler’s rise to power in Germany in 1933 was a highly alarming signal for the Austrian Jewish population. Many recognized the seriousness of the situation and considered emigrating, but only some of them did so. The reactions were influenced by a number of factors—age, gender, family background, further socialization, private, professional, and organizational networks, financial situation, the role of religion, the attitude towards Zionism, and political convictions. For the vast majority who did not emigrate before 1938, a lack of awareness of the danger cannot always be assumed.
Antisemitism in Austria was almost always a factor in the decision to emigrate. The difficult economic situation in the interwar period had a particularly strong impact on the Jewish population due to discrimination in professional life. The Austrofascist regime did not enact antisemitic laws, but did not protect Jews from various forms of attack. Members of the banned left-wing parties were threatened with prosecution and internment—a motive for flight.
I try to find out how much scope for action, how much agency, Austrian Jews possessed during the period from 1933 to 1938. I investigate the factors that led to the decision of individuals to emigrate and the circumstances that encouraged or hindered the realization of such plans—in a time when nobody could foresee the Shoah. Since the bare figures on Jewish emigration during this period do not allow any insight into personal motifs, we remain largely dependent on individual testimonies.
Are economic growth and well-being compatible? Welfare reform and life satisfaction in Japan
Authors: Sarracino Francesco , O’Connor Kelsey J , Ono Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhether economic growth improves the human lot is a matter of conditions. We focus on Japan, a country which shifted in the 1990s from a pattern of rampant economic growth and stagnant well-being, to one of modest growth and increasing well-being. We discuss concurrent policy reforms and analyse the changes in well-being. In particular, we assess whether the correlates of the increase in well-being are consistent with those expected from the reforms. We apply Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition to World Values Survey data. Results show that improved conditions for the elderly, parents and women, that is the primary groups targeted by the reforms, correlate with well-being increases. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that social safety nets can make economic growth compatible with sustained increases in well-being.
Advances in Cell Wall Matrix Research with a Focus on Mixed-Linkage Glucan
Authors: Kim Sang-Jin , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mixed β(1,3;1,4)-linkage glucan (MLG) is commonly found in the monocot lineage, at particularly high levels in the Poaceae family, but also in the evolutionally distant genus, Equisetum. MLG has several properties that make it unique from other plant cell wall polysaccharides. It consists of β1,4-linked polymers of glucose interspersed with β1,3-linkages, but the presence of β1,3-linkages provides quite different physical properties compared to its closest form of the cell wall component, cellulose. The mechanisms of MLG biosynthesis have been investigated to understand whether single or multiple enzymes are required to build mixed linkages in the glucan chain. Currently, MLG synthesis by a single enzyme is supported by mutagenesis analyses of cellulose synthase-like F6, the major MLG synthase, but further investigation is needed to gather mechanistic insights. Because of transient accumulation of MLG in elongating cells and vegetative tissues, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the role of MLG in the plant cell wall. Studies have been carried out to identify gene expression regulators during development and light cycles as well as enzymes involved in MLG organization in the cell wall. A role of MLG as a storage molecule in grains is evident, but the role of MLG in vegetative tissues is still not well understood. Characterization of a cell wall component is difficult due to the complex heterogeneity of the plant cell wall. However, as detailed in this review, recent exciting research has made significant impacts in the understanding of MLG biology in plants.
Frequency of flow limitation using airflow shape
Authors: Mann Dwayne L , Georgeson Thomas , Landry Shane A , Edwards Bradley A , Azarbarzin Ali , Vena Daniel , Hess Lauren B , Wellman Andrew , Redline Susan , Sands Scott A , Terrill Philip I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
The presence of flow limitation during sleep is associated with adverse health consequences independent of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity (apnea-hypopnea index, AHI), but remains extremely challenging to quantify. Here we present a unique library and an accompanying automated method that we apply to investigate flow limitation during sleep.

Methods
A library of 117,871 breaths (N = 40 participants) were visually classified (certain flow limitation, possible flow limitation, normal) using airflow shape and physiological signals (ventilatory drive per intra-esophageal diaphragm EMG). An ordinal regression model was developed to quantify flow limitation certainty using flow-shape features (e.g. flattening, scooping); breath-by-breath agreement (Cohen’s ƙ); and overnight flow limitation frequency (R2, %breaths in certain or possible categories during sleep) were compared against visual scoring. Subsequent application examined flow limitation frequency during arousals and stable breathing, and associations with ventilatory drive.

Results
The model (23 features) assessed flow limitation with good agreement (breath-by-breath ƙ = 0.572, p &lt; 0.001) and minimal error (overnight flow limitation frequency R2 = 0.86, error = 7.2%). Flow limitation frequency was largely independent of AHI (R2 = 0.16) and varied widely within individuals with OSA (74[32–95]%breaths, mean[range], AHI &gt; 15/h, N = 22). Flow limitation was unexpectedly frequent but variable during arousals (40[5–85]%breaths) and stable breathing (58[12–91]%breaths), and was associated with elevated ventilatory drive (R2 = 0.26–0.29; R2 &lt; 0.01 AHI v. drive).

Conclusions
Our method enables quantification of flow limitation frequency, a key aspect of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing that is independent of the AHI and often unavailable. Flow limitation frequency varies widely between individuals, is prevalent during arousals and stable breathing, and reveals elevated ventilatory drive.
Clinical trial registration: The current observational physiology study does not qualify as a clinical trial.
“This Is a Union of Values”: The Rise of the LGBTI Rights Norm as Part of the EU’s Identity Construction
Authors: Eigenmann Laura 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since the early 1990s, the EU has increasingly institutionalized lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) rights and more recently started to use them as a symbol for its modern and progressive identity. This article investigates this development, focusing on EU actors and institutions. Combining a genealogical analysis with the analysis of current discursive struggles around LGBTI rights within EU institutions, it shows that the rise of LGBTI rights is closely intertwined with the search for a common European identity, shared values, and attempts to strengthen solidarity in times when right-wing, nationalist, and Eurosceptic movements are increasingly challenging the EU’s legitimacy.
Bioassays to screen the toxicity in drinking water samples collected in Brazilian rural area
Authors: Brucker Natália , Menezes Charlene , Charão Mariele Feiffer , da Silva Laura Cé , Sant’anna Oliveira Talitha Stella , Menezes Júlia M , Muller Isadora , Gioda Adriana , de Carvalho Bruna Rafaela Fretag , de Castro Paz Calheiros Octávio , Rizzetti Tiele Medianeira , Zanella Renato , Garcia Solange Cristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAgriculture activities have increased the concentration of pesticides and metals in the environment. The excessive use of pesticides can generate an environmental impact and contribute to the development of human diseases. This study aimed to determine the presence of pesticides and metals in water samples collected in the Brazilian rural area in two different periods (before and after pesticide application) and to evaluate the alternative bioassays Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa, and Caenorhabditis elegans to monitoring toxicity in human drinking water samples. Eight sites in the rural area were selected and water samples were collected in two different periods of the year (before and after pesticide application). The presence of the pesticides was determinated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The potential toxicity of the water samples was performed with three different alternatives in vivo models (L. sativa, A. cepa, and C. elegans). Fifty-seven pesticides were analyzed and, according to the results, the most found ones were clomazone, atrazine, tebuconazole, metconazole, pyrimethanil, and carbofuran-3-hydroxide, which is a metabolic degradation product of insecticide carbofuran. The most detected metals were Cu, Cr, Mg, Fe, and Mn. The assays with L. sativa and A. cepa showed alterations in the period after pesticide application, while C. elegans presented changes in both periods compared to the same collection sites. These results indicate that bioassays, especially C. elegans, could be complementary and useful tools for monitoring the toxicity in drinking water samples.