bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hadean/Eoarchean Tectonics and Mantle Mixing Induced by Impacts: a Three-dimensional Study
Authors: Borgeat Xavier , Tackley Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The timing of the onset of plate tectonics on Earth remains a topic of strong debate, as does the tectonic mode that preceded modern plate tectonics. Understanding possible tectonic modes and transitions between them is also important for other terrestrial planets such as Venus and rocky exoplanets. Recent two-dimensional modelling studies have demonstrated that impacts can initiate subduction during the early stages of terrestrial planet evolution - the Hadean and Eoarchean in Earth's case. Here, we perform three-dimensional simulations of the influence of ongoing multiple impacts on early Earth tectonics and its effect on the distribution of compositional heterogeneity in the mantle, including the distribution of impactor material. We compare two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations to determine when geometry is important. Results show that impacts can induce subduction in both 2-D and 3-D and thus have a great influence on the tectonic regime. The effect is particularly strong in cases that otherwise display stagnant-lid tectonics: impacts can shift them to having a plate-like regime. In such cases, however, plate-like behaviour is temporary: as the impactor flux decreases the system returns to what it was without impacts. Impacts result in both greater production of oceanic crust and greater recycling of it, increasing the build-up of subducted crust above the core-mantle boundary and in the transition zone. Impactor material is mainly located in the upper mantle, at least at the end of the modelled 500 million year period. In 2-D simulations, in contrast to 3-D simulations, impacts are less frequent but each has a larger effect on surface mobility, making the simulations more stochastic. These stronger 2-D subduction events can mix both recycled basalt and impactor material into the lower mantle. These results thus demonstrate that impacts can make a first-order difference to the early tectonics and mantle mixing of Earth and other large terrestrial planets, and that three-dimensional simulations are important so that effects are not over- or under-predicted.
Metaplastic Breast Cancer: Mesenchymal Subtype Has Worse Survival Outcomes
Authors: Özkurt Enver , Emiroğlu Selman , Cabioğlu Neslihan , Karanlık Hasan , Önder Semen , Tükenmez Mustafa , İğci Abdullah , Özmen Vahit , Müslümanoğlu Mahmut 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
PurposeMetaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of breast cancer that accounts for 0.2-1% of all breast cancers. To date, there are only few institutional studies comparing survival rates between different subtypes. In this retrospective cohort study, we aim to evaluate factors effecting survival rates of different subtypes of MBC.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study observed 118 non-metastatic MBC patients record extracted from 15,244 breast cancer cases between December 2000 and December 2020. In order to analyse factors effecting survival rates of mesenchymal subtype of MBC, all cases are classified as mesenchymal (n=45) and other (n=48). Twenty-five cases that could not be sub-classified due to the missing data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to define factors associated with survival rates.ResultsOf the 15,244 cases, 118 (0.8%) were non-metastatic MBC. 105 were triple negative and 12 were non-luminal HER2. There was no significant difference between mesenchymal and other subgroups for age, median tumour size, AJCC staging, and type of surgery. Of the five local recurrences with known subgroup, four of them had mesenchymal subtype. It is demonstrated that mesenchymal subtype was significantly associated with worse 5-year disease-free survival and disease specific survival (HR: 2.35 [1.01-5.48], p=0.049 and HR: 3.16 [1.06-9.47], p=0.040 with 95% CI respectively).ConclusionThis study is one of the few studies presenting the survival outcomes of subtypes of MBCs. Nonetheless, it is the only study demonstrating that mesenchymal subtype had worse survival outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the outcome of different subtypes of MBCs.
The Meta-Analysis About The Expression and Prognosis of Anti-Ro-52, Anti-CENP-B and AMA in Sjogren's Syndrome and Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Shao Xinyang , Qiu Yanbing , Yang Yuqin , Zhu Yan , Zhang Wenling 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective This project aims to investigate the diagnostic value of anti-Ro-52, anti-CENP-B, and AMA in Sjogren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis. Methods We constructed the Meta-analysis to evaluate the existing experimental data and obtain the advantages of the three antinuclear antibodies compared with traditional test items using specific data processing methods and evaluated their value in the diagnosis as well as the differential diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis. During the process of paper collection, we strictly followed the principle of PICOS to screen the literature, trying to include the literature with a large sample size, controversial and influential results which would make the results of this Meta-analysis more valuable. In this study, Revman and Stata software was used for data processing, and the forest map was drawn to analyze the difference in antibody-positive rate, age, and gender distribution, and other factors. At the same time, a funnel plot was used to evaluate the bias of literature results.Results The positive rate of anti-Ro-52 in SS and SSC was higher than that of anti-SSB (P < 0.00001); The positive rate of anti-CENP-B in SSc patients was higher than that in anti-SSB patients (P < 0.00001), but there was no significant difference in SS patients (P = 0.77); The positive rate of AMA in SS and SSc was significantly lower than that in ANA (P < 0.00001), but the expression of AMA increased in SS patients with autoimmune hepatitis. In patients with anti-Ro-52 positive SS and SSc associated with EBV infection, the former had a significantly increased risk of developing malignant lymphoma, while the latter had more severe symptoms of tissue fibrosis. Conclusion The accuracy of anti-Ro-52 in the diagnosis of SS and SSC is higher. The positive rate of anti-CENP-B in the diagnosis of SSc is higher than that of anti-SSB and anti-Scl-70. SS patients with EBV infection are more likely to develop into malignant lymphoma, while SSc patients with EBV infection have increased skin fibrosis and inflammation.
Predictors of early initiation of breast feeding; Evidence from 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey
Authors: lucha Tadele Abate , Mengistu Admassu Ketsela 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: World health organization (WHO) recommended all mothers should be supported to initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth within the first hour. This study examined the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia by using data from 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey (EMDHS)..Methods: The data for this study was extracted from 2019 EMDHS. A total of 3752 children born during the last 24 months at the time of survey were included for analysis from the nine regional states and two city administrations. Descriptive statistics was used to identify the proportion of children who had early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) after which multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors of EIBF. Results were presented using frequencies, percentages, p-value, crude and adjusted odds ratios. Statistical significance was declared at p <0.05 for the multivariable logistic regression analysis .Result: The prevalence of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF) in Ethiopia was remarked to be 73.7% (n = 2767). Place of delivery [AOR =1.65, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.96] mother who deliveries at health facility had higher odds to practice early breast-feeding than those who deliveries at home, mode of delivery [ AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 2.99, 5.17] mother who had deliveries by vaginal had 3.9 times higher odds to practice early breast-feeding compared with cesarian section and parity [ AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.00] mother who had more than five children had higher odds to practice early breastfeeding compared with first time babies. In addition, early breast-feeding initiation was also associated with region where mothers residing particularly in regions such as Oromia [AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.53] had higher odds to practice early breast feeding as compared with mothers residing in Tigray.Conclusions: The overall prevalence of EIBF was determined to be 73.7%. EIBF in Ethiopia was found to be significantly associated with place of delivery, mode of delivery, parity and region. Focus should be given to expand institutional delivery and increase awareness of mothers with their first delivery .
Biocontrol Potential of The Phloridin-Degrading Bacillus Licheniformis XNRB-3 Against Apple Replant Disease
Authors: Yanan Duan , Lei Zhao , Weitao Jiang , Ran Chen , Rong Zhang , Xuesen Chen , Chengmiao Yin , Zhiquan Mao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Apple replant disease (ARD) is a common occurrence in many major apple-growing areas worldwide, seriously hindering the development of the apple industry. To avoid the shortcomings of chemical fungicides currently used to control ARD, it is necessary to find sustainable and effective control methods. Here, an endophytic phloridin-degrading Bacillus licheniformis XNRB-3 was isolated from the root tissue of healthy apple trees, and its control effect on apple replant disease (ARD) and its how to alleviates the pathogen pressure via changes in soil microbiomes were studied.Results: The addition of strain XNRB-3 in Fusarium infested soils significantly reduced the number of pathogens in the soil, thus resulting in a lower disease incidence, and the relative control effect reached more than 60%. The fermentation broth can also protect the roots of the plants from Fusarium infection. These antagonistic effects were further validated using an in vitro assay in which the pathogen control was related to growth and spore germination inhibition via directly secreted antimicrobial substances and and indirect interspecific competition for nutrients. The antifungal organic compounds in the fermentation metabolites were identified using GC-MS technology. Among them, alpha-bisabolol and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol had significant inhibitory effects on many planted pathogenic fungi. Butanedioic acid, monomethyl ester, and dibutyl phthalate can promote the root elongation and lateral root development of Arabidopsis plants. The potential of strain XNRB-3 to control ARD was later validated using microbial fertilizer inoculation in pot and field experiment. The addition of strain XNRB-3 significantly promoted the growth of plants, and the activity of enzymes related to disease resistance (SOD, POD, and CAT) was also significantly enhanced. It also reduced the abundance of Fusarium and the content of phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil, improved soil microbial community structure and nutritional conditions, and increased soil microbial diversity and activity, as well as soil enzyme activity. Conclusions: The incorporation of strain XNRB-3 in the soil alleviated the damage of soil-borne pathogens to plants by reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi and the content of phenolic acids, and inducing disease resistance of plants. Taken together, B. licheniformis XNRB-3 could be developed into a promising biocontrol and plant-growth-promoting agent. This provides a new management strategy to control ARD.
Outcomes and Resource Utilization in Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease Patients Who Underwent Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Authors: Parperis Konstantinos , Hadi Mohanad , Bhattarai Bikash 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the predictors, outcomes and resource utilization of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) patients. Methods: We used the US National Inpatient Sample database to identify CPPD and non-CPPD who underwent TKA from 2006 to 2014. Data collection included patient demographics and comorbidities. Outcomes following TKA included in-hospital mortality, complications, length of hospitalization, hospital charges, and disposition.Results: Among the 5,564,005 patients who have undergone TKA, 11529 (0.20%) had CPPD, with a median age of 72 years and 53.7% were females. Compared with non-CPPD, patients with CPPD were more likely to be older (mean: 72 vs 66 years; p<0.001), male, white, and have Medicare insurance. CPPD patients were more likely to have ≥ 2 comorbidities calculated by the Charlson comorbidity index and discharge to an inpatient/rehabilitation facility. Regarding inpatient complications, myocardial infarction and knee reoperation were significantly more common in CPPD patients. TKA in CPPD patients was associated with significantly higher odds of increased length of stay (>3 days) than those without CPPD (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.37-1.49). There was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: CPPD patients who underwent TKA were more likely to have a longer hospital stay and discharge to a non-home setting than non-CPPD. Also, CPPD patients had a higher comorbidity burden, and greater risk for myocardial infarction and need for reoperation.
PGK1 Promotes NSCLC Progression by Enhancing Aerobic Glycolysis and Activating AKT/ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Tang Yongqin , Li Mei , Hei Jinxuan , Ma Likun , Pan Jianyuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, especially aerobic glycolysis is considered a hallmark of cancer, and is becoming a novel target for cancer therapy. Phosphoglycerate kinase I (PGK1) which is an important enzyme generating the first ATP in glycolysis pathway was already shown can promote some types of cancer development and progression, however, the role of PGK1 in lung cancer development is less reported. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of PGK1 in promoting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development and progression. Gene overexpression or silencing, scratch assay, Trans-well assay, western blot, immunohistochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, MTT cell viability assay and mouse xenograft, glucose uptake, lactate secretion, ATP production and Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) seahorse assay were performed to investigate the biological function and the underlying mechanism of PGK1 in NSCLC development. Our study found that PGK1 was high expressed in non-small cell lung cancer tissues, its expression is positive correlated with tumor grade and clinical stage and negative correlated with patients’ overall survival. Importantly, its expression was also associated with clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients. Overexpression PGK1 could not only promote lung epithelial cell and tumor cell migration and proliferation in vitro, but also increase the tumor growth in vivo. Mechanically, PGK1 promotes NSCLC development and progression by activating AKT/ERK signaling pathway and altering aerobic glycolysis pathway. Meanwhile PGK1 was HIF1α downstream target gene and played an essential role in hypoxia-induced shift of glycolysis. In addition, the PGK1 expression was positive correlated with HIF1α expression in NSCLC tissues. Therefore, we concluded that PGK1 could be a biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and outcome evaluation, and targeting PGK1 should be an innovative strategy for NSCLC therapy in the future.
Supportive effect of naringenin on NaCl-induced toxicity in Carthamus tinctorius seedlings
Authors: Hatamipoor Shahab , Shabani Leila , Farhadian Sadegh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The exogenous application of priming molecules to plants helps them to develop tolerance against salinity stress. In the present study, we used exogenous naringenin (0.5 mM) pretreatment before the stress in safflower seedlings under 25 mM NaCl to elucidate the role of naringenin to alleviate oxidative conditions associated with salinity complications.
Results

Our results showed biomass, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, K+ content, and K+/Na+ ratio were negatively affected by 25 mM NaCl. However, the H2O2 accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzymes and Na+ content of NaCl-stressed safflower seedlings were remarkably increased. The results obtained in the present study showed the beneficial effects of the pre-treatment of naringenin in safflower seedlings under non-salinity stress condition with respect to increasing plant biomass, total phenolic compound, radical scavenging activity (RSA), soluble sugar content, proline, glutathione, enzymatic antioxidants, and K+ content. Also, the results showed that naringenin pre-treatment can (partly) be overcome NaCl-induced stress on safflower seedlings, probably due to higher accumulation of plant biomass, total phenolic compound, RSA, catalase (CAT) activity, and K+/Na+ ratio as well as lowering the H2O2 and MDA content in the leaves.
Conclusions

Generally, it could be concluded that, pre-treatment of naringenin before stress could partly diminish NaCl-caused oxidative stress in safflower seedlings, probably due to improvement in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant and reduced cell membrane damage.
Plant Growth and LAI Estimation using quantized Embedded Regression models for high throughput phenotyping
Authors: Sheth Dhruv 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to the influence of climate change, and due to it's unpredictable nature, majority of agricultural crops have been affected in terms of production and maintenance. Hybrid and cost-effective crops are making their way into the market, but monitoring factors which affect the increase in yield of these crops, and conditions favorable for growth have to be manually monitored and structured to yield high throughput. Farmers are showing transition from traditional means to hydroponic systems for growing annual and perennial crops. These crop arrays possess growth patterns which depend on environmental growth conditions in the hydroponic units. Semi-autonomous systems which monitor these growth may prove to be beneficial, reduce costs and maintenance efforts, and also predict future yield beforehand to get an idea on how the crop would perform. These systems are also effective in understanding crop drools and wilt/diseases from visual systems and traits of plants.Forecasting or predicting the crop yield well ahead of its harvest time would assist the strategists and farmers for taking suitable measures for selling and storage. Accurate prediction of crop development stages plays an important role in crop production management. In this article, I~propose an Embedded Machine Learning approach to predicting crop yield and biomass estimation of crops using an Image based Regression approach using EdgeImpulse that runs on Edge system, Sony Spresense, in real time. This utilizes few of the 6 Cortex M4F cores provided in the Sony Spresense board for Image processing, inferencing and predicting a regression output in real time. This system uses Image processing to analyze the plant in a semi-autonomous environment and predict the numerical serial of the biomass allocated to the plant growth. This numerical serial contains a threshold of biomass which is then predicted for the plant. The biomass output is then also processed through a linear regression model to analyze efficacy and compared with the ground truth to identify pattern of growth. The image Regression and linear regression model contribute to an algorithm which is finally used to test and predict biomass for each plant semi-autonomously.
Posterior integration and thalamo-frontotemporal broadcasting are impaired in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Panda Rajanikant , López-González Ane , Gilson Matthieu , Gosseries Olivia , Thibaut Aurore , Frasso Gianluca , Cecconi Benedetta , Escrichs Anira , Collaborators GIGA group , Deco Gustavo , Laureys Steven , Zamora-López Gorka , Annen Jitka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of the brain’s dynamical activity is opening a valuable source of assistance for the clinical diagnosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). For example, dysfunctional spread of naturalistic and synthetic stimuli has proven useful to characterize hampered consciousness. However, understanding of the mechanisms behind loss of consciousness following brain injury is still missing. Here, we study the propagation of endogenous and in-silico exogenous perturbations in patients with DOC, based upon directed and causal interactions estimated from resting-state fMRI. We found that patients with DOC suffer decreased capacity for neural propagation and responsiveness to events. Particularly, that loss of consciousness is related to the malfunctioning of two neural circuits: the posterior cortical regions failing to convey information, in conjunction with reduced broadcasting of information from subcortical, temporal, parietal and frontal regions. These results seed light on the mechanisms behind DOC, thus opening new possibilities for clinical applications.
Simulated Ventilation of Two Patients With a Single Ventilator in a Pandemic Setting
Authors: Schepat Pascal , Kober Benjamin , Eble Martin , Wenzel Volker , Herff Holger 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Simultaneous ventilation of two patients, e.g., due to a shortage of ventilators in a pandemic, may result in hypoventilation in one patient and hyperinflation in the other patient. Methods: In a simulation of double patient ventilation using artificial lungs with equal compliances (70mL∙mbar-1), we tried to voluntarily direct gas flow to one patient by using 3D-printed y-adapters and stenosis adapters during volume-, and pressure-controlled ventilation. Subsequently, we modified the model using a special one-way valve on the limited flow side and measured in pressure-controlled ventilation with the flow sensor adjusted on either side in a second and third setup. In the last setup, we also measured with different lung compliances.Results: Volume- or pressure-controlled ventilation using standard connection tubes with the same compliance in each lung resulted in comparable minute volumes in both lungs, even if one side was obstructed to 3mm (6.6±0.2vs.6.5±0.1L for volume-controlled ventilation, p=.25 continuous severe alarm and 7.4±0.1vs.6.1±0.1L for pressure-controlled ventilation, p=.02 no alarm). In the second setup, pressure-controlled ventilation resulted at a 3mm flow limitation in minute ventilation of 9.4±0.3vs3.5±0.1L∙min-1, p=.001. In a third setup using the special one-way valve and the flow sensor on the unobstructed side, pressure-controlled ventilation resulted at a 3mm flow limitation in minute ventilation of 7.4±0.2vs3±0L∙min-1, at the compliance of 70mL∙mbar-1 for both lungs, 7.2±0vs4.1±0L∙ min-1, at the compliances of 50 vs. 70mL∙mbar-1, and 7.2±0.2vs5.7±0L∙ min-1, at the compliance of 30 vs. 70mL∙mbar-1 (all p=.001).Conclusions: Overriding a modern intensive care ventilator's safety features are possible, thereby ventilating two lungs with one ventilator simultaneously in a laboratory simulation using 3D-printed y-adapters. Directing tidal volumes in different pulmonary conditions towards one lung using 3D-printed flow limiters with diameters <6mm was also possible. While this ventilation setting was technically feasible in a bench model, it would be volatile, if not dangerous in a clinical situation.