bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark matter and nature of electroweak phase transition with an inert doublet
Authors: Fabian Sven , Goertz Florian , Jiang Yun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the prospects to realize Dark Matter (DM) in the Inert Doublet Model, while simultaneously enhancing the Electroweak Phase Transition (EWPhT) such as to allow for electroweak baryogenesis. Instead of focusing on certain aspects or mass hierarchies, we perform extensive, yet fine-grained, parameter space scans, where we analyze the nature of the EWPhT in both the light and the heavy DM regions, confronting it with the amount of DM potentially residing in the lightest inert-doublet state. Thereby, we point out a viable region where a non-trivial two-step EWPhT can appear, without being in conflict with direct-detection bounds, which could leave interesting imprints in gravitational wave signatures. We propose new benchmarks with this feature as well as update benchmarks with a strong first-order transition in the light of new XENON1T limits. Moreover, taking into account these latest bounds as well as relevant collider constraints, we envisage a region for light DM with a small mass splitting, lifting the usual assumption of exact degeneracy of the new non-DM scalars, such as to avoid collider bounds while providing a fair DM abundance over a rather large DM mass range. This follows from a detailed survey of the impact of co-annihilations on the abundance, dissecting the various channels.
Radiation hardness study of the ePix100 sensor and ASIC under direct illumination at the European XFEL
Authors: Klačková I. , Ahmed K. , Blaj G. , Cascella M. , Cerantola V. , Chang C. , Dragone A. , Göde S. , Hauf S. , Kenney C. , Segal J. , Kuster M. , Šagátová A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ePix detector family provides multiple variants of hybrid pixel detectors to support a wide range of applications at free electron laser (FEL) facilities. The ePix detectors are by design versatile and easily re-configurable camera systems with common mechanical, electrical and data acquisition interfaces. Operation of detectors at FEL sources providing high brilliance, high repetition rate and ultra-short X-ray pulses poses a high risk of radiation damage to exposed detector components, such as the sensor and the readout Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Knowledge about radiation-induced damage is important for understanding its influence on the quality of scientific data and the lifetime of the detector. We present the results of a systematic study of the influence of radiation-induced damage on the performance and lifetime of an ePix100a detector module using a direct attenuated beam of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) at 9 keV photon energy and average power of 10 μW. An area of 20 pixels×20 pixels was irradiated with an average photon flux of ≈ 7× 109photons/s to a dose of approximately (760± 65) kGy at the location of the Si/SiO2interfaces in the sensor. A dose dependent increase in both offset and noise of the ePix100a detector have been observed originating from an increase of the sensor leakage current. Moreover, we observed an effect directly after irradiation resulting in the saturation of individual pixels by their dark current. Changes in gain are evaluated one and half hours post-irradiation and suggest damage to occur also on the ASIC level. Based on the obtained results, thresholds for beam parameters are deduced and the detector lifetime is estimated with respect to the requirements to the data quality in order to satisfy the scientific standards defined by the experiments. We conclude the detector can withstand a beam with an energy up to 1 μJ at a photon energy of 9 keV impacting on an area of 1 mm2. The detector can be used without significant degradation of its performance for several years if the incident photon beam intensities do not exceed the detector's dynamic range by at least three orders of magnitude. Our results provide valuable input for the operation of the ePix100a detector at FEL facilities and the design of future detector technology.
Derivation of an improved semi-empirical expression for the re-ionisation background in low energy ion scattering spectra
Authors: Koslowski H R , Linsmeier Ch 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Low energy ion scattering is a technique to detect the energy of ions which are scattered from a surface. For noble gas ions, it is predominantly sensitive to the topmost surface layer due to strong neutralisation processes. Depending on the combination of projectile ion and target material, the scattering spectra can exhibit contributions resulting from multiple scattering processes in deeper layers when probing ions are re-ionised on the exiting trajectory. These events cause a pronounced continuum located toward lower scattering energies with respect to the direct scattering peak. In a previous work a semi-empirical formula has been given which allows fitting and derivation of quantitative information from the measured spectra [Nelson 1986 J. Vac Sci. Technol. A
4 1567-1569]. Based on the former work an improved formula is derived which has less numerical artefacts and is numerically more stable.
How can we know what we don’t know? A Commentary on: Sampling forests with terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Disney Mathias 
Published: September 2021

This article comments on:Peter B. Boucher, Ian Paynter, David A. Orwig Ilan Valencius and Crystal Schaaf, Sampling forests with terrestrial laser scanning, Annals of Botany, Volume 128, Issue 6, 2 November 2021, Pages 685–687 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab073
Reaction Time Task Performance in Concussed Athletes over a 30-Day Period: An Observational Study
Authors: Wilkes J R , Kelly J T , Walter A E , Slobounov S M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Reaction time is a common deficit following concussion, making its evaluation critical during return-to-play protocol. Without proper evaluation, an athlete may return-to-play prematurely, putting them at risk of further injury. Although often assessed, we propose that current clinical testing may not be challenging enough to detect lingering deficits. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine reaction time in concussed individuals three times over a 30-day period through the use of a novel reaction time device consisting of simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tasks.

Methods
Twenty-three concussed subjects completed simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tests at three different timepoints: within 7-, 14-, and 30-days of injury, and 21 healthy controls completed the three reaction time tasks during a single session.

Results
Independent t-tests revealed that for the simple reaction time task, concussed participants were only significantly slower at session 1 (p = .002) when compared to controls. Complex reaction time task results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower at session 1 (p = .0002), session 2 (p = .001), and session 3 (p = .002). Go/no-go results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower than controls at session 1 (p = .003), session 2 (p = .001), and session 3 (p = .001).

Conclusions
Concussed individuals display prolonged reaction time deficits beyond the acute phase of injury, illustrated using increasingly complex tasks.
Impaired Perception of Unintentional Transgression of Social Norms after Prefrontal Cortex Damage: Relationship to Decision Making, Emotion Recognition, and Executive Functions
Authors: Ouerchefani Riadh , Ouerchefani Naoufel , Ben Rejeb Mohamed Riadh , Le Gall Didier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients with prefrontal cortex damage often transgress social rules and show lower accuracy in identifying and explaining inappropriate social behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability to perceive other unintentional transgressions of social norms and both decision making and emotion recognition as these abilities are critical for appropriate social behavior.MethodWe examined a group of patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage (N = 28) and a group of matched control participants (N = 28) for their abilities to detect unintentional transgression of social norms using the “Faux-Pas” task of theory of mind, to make advantageous decisions on the Iowa gambling task, and to recognize basic emotions on the Ekman facial affect test.ResultsThe group of patients with frontal lobe damage was impaired in all of these tasks compared with control participants. Moreover, all the “Faux-Pas”, Iowa gambling, and emotion recognition tasks were significantly associated and predicted by executive measures of inhibition, flexibility, or planning. However, only measures from the Iowa gambling task were associated and predicted performance on the “Faux-Pas” task. These tasks were not associated with performance in recognition of basic emotions. These findings suggest that theory of mind, executive functions, and decision-making abilities act in an interdependent way for appropriate social behavior. However, theory of mind and emotion recognition seem to have distinct but additive effects upon social behavior. Results from VLSM analysis also corroborate these data by showing a partially overlapped prefrontal circuitry underlying these cognitive domains.
Inhibiting with-no-lysine kinases enhances K+/Cl− cotransporter 2 activity and limits status epilepticus
Authors: Lee Kathryn L , Abiraman Krithika , Lucaj Christopher , Ollerhead Thomas A , Brandon Nicholas J , Deeb Tarek Z , Maguire Jamie , Moss Stephen J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
First-in-line benzodiazepine treatment fails to terminate seizures in about 30% of epilepsy patients, highlighting a need for novel anti-seizure strategies. It is emerging that impaired K+/Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) activity leads to deficits in GABAergic inhibition and increased seizure vulnerability in patients. In neurons, the with-no-lysine (WNK) kinase-STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich (SPAK) kinase signalling pathway inhibits KCC2 activity via T1007 phosphorylation.
Here, we exploit the selective WNK kinase inhibitor WNK463 to test the effects of pharmacological WNK inhibition on KCC2 function, GABAergic inhibition, and epileptiform activity. Immunoprecipitation and western blotting analysis revealed that WNK463 reduces KCC2-T1007 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Using patch-clamp recordings in primary rat neurons, we further observed that WNK463 hyperpolarized the Cl− reversal potential, and enhanced KCC2-mediated Cl− extrusion. In the 4-aminopyridine slice model of acute seizures, WNK463 administration reduced the frequency and number of seizure-like events. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice that received intrahippocampal WNK463 experienced delayed onset of kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, less epileptiform EEG activity, and did not develop pharmaco-resistance to diazepam. Our findings demonstrate that acute WNK463 treatment potentiates KCC2 activity in neurons and limits seizure burden in two well-established models of seizures and epilepsy.
In summary, our work suggests that agents which act to increase KCC2 activity may be useful adjunct therapeutics to alleviate diazepam-resistant status epilepticus.
LIPCAR Is Increased in Chronic Symptomatic HF Patients. A Sub-Study of the GISSI-HF Trial
Authors: Meessen Jennifer M T A , Bär Christian , di Dona Filippo M , Staszewsky Lidia I , Di Giulio Paola , Di Tano Giuseppe , Costa Alessia , Leonardy Julia , Novelli Deborah , Nicolis Enrico B , Masson Serge , Pinet Florence , Thum Thomas , Latini Roberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe long noncoding RNA LIPCAR (Long Intergenic noncoding RNA Predicting CARdiac remodeling) has emerged as a promising biomarker in cardiac disease and cardiac remodeling. To determine whether LIPCAR levels help for a molecular phenotyping of chronic heart failure (HF) patients, this study assessed the association of LIPCAR with severity of the disease and its progression, and with risk of death or hospitalization in HF patients.MethodsLIPCAR was measured in plasma of 967 HF patients with symptomatic heart failure participating in the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Insufficienza Cardiaca - Heart Failure (GISSI-HF) biohumoral sub-study.ResultsPlasma levels of LIPCAR were significantly associated with functional impairment as assessed by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, kidney function as reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate, and creatinine, hemoglobin and mitral insufficiency. In females, these associations were more marked as compared to males. LIPCAR plasma levels were significantly related to the two cardiac markers, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, but not to inflammatory markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3, nor to patient reported outcomes such as depression and quality of life. HF patients with high LIPCAR levels univariately showed significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular hospitalizations but not of death; after adjusting for covariates, no significant effects of LIPCAR were found for cardiovascular hospitalizations.ConclusionThe circulating long noncoding RNA LIPCAR was increased in HF patients with higher NYHA class, impaired kidney function, and lower hemoglobin, which are indicators of patients’ overall state.
An Analysis of Computational Resources of Event-Driven Streaming Data Flow for Internet of Things: A Case Study
Authors: Tenorio-Trigoso Alonso , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Mondragón-Ruiz Giovanny , Carrión Carmen , Caminero Blanca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Information and communication technologies backbone of a smart city is an Internet of Things (IoT) application that combines technologies such as low power IoT networks, device management, analytics or event stream processing. Hence, designing an efficient IoT architecture for real-time IoT applications brings technical challenges that include the integration of application network protocols and data processing. In this context, the system scalability of two architectures has been analysed: the first architecture, named as POST architecture, integrates the hyper text transfer protocol with an Extract-Transform-Load technique, and is used as baseline; the second architecture, named as MQTT-CEP, is based on a publish-subscribe protocol, i.e. message queue telemetry transport, and a complex event processor engine. In this analysis, SAVIA, a smart city citizen security application, has been deployed following both architectural approaches. Results show that the design of the network protocol and the data analytic layer impacts highly in the Quality of Service experimented by the final IoT users. The experiments show that the integrated MQTT-CEP architecture scales properly, keeps energy consumption limited and thereby, promotes the development of a distributed IoT architecture based on constraint resources. The drawback is an increase in latency, mainly caused by the loosely coupled communication pattern of MQTT, but within reasonable levels which stabilize with increasing workloads.
Analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi promoter activity
Authors: Hunt Jason R , Carlyon Jason A 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes scrub typhus, a potentially fatal rickettsiosis, and for which no genetic tools exist. Critical to addressing this technical gap is to identify promoters for driving expression of antibiotic resistance and fluorescence reporter genes in O. tsutsugamushi. Such promoters would need to be highly conserved among strains, expressed throughout infection, and exhibit strong activity. We examined the untranslated regions upstream of O. tsutsugamushi genes encoding outer membrane protein A (ompA), 22-kDa type-specific antigen (tsa22) and tsa56. The bacterium transcribed all three during infection of monocytic, endothelial and epithelial cells. Examination of the upstream noncoding regions revealed putative ribosome binding sites, one set of predicted −10 and −35 sequences for ompA and two sets of −10 and −35 sequences for tsa22 and tsa56. Comparison of these regions among geographically diverse O. tsutsugamushi patient isolates revealed nucleotide identities ranging from 84.8 to 100.0%. Upon examination of the candidates for the ability to drive green fluorescence protein expression in Escherichia coli, varying activities were observed with one of the tsa22 promoters being the strongest. Identification and validation of O. tsutsugamushi promoters is an initial key step toward genetically manipulating this important pathogen.
The vitamin A transporter STRA6 adjusts the stoichiometry of chromophore and opsins in visual pigment synthesis and recycling
Authors: Ramkumar Srinivasagan , Parmar Vipul M , Samuels Ivy , Berger Nathan A , Jastrzebska Beata , von Lintig Johannes 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium of the vertebrate eyes acquires vitamin A from circulating retinol binding protein for chromophore biosynthesis. The chromophore covalently links with an opsin protein in the adjacent photoreceptors of the retina to form the bipartite visual pigment complexes. We here analyzed visual pigment biosynthesis in mice deficient for the retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6. We observed that chromophore content was decreased throughout the life cycle of these animals, indicating that lipoprotein-dependent delivery pathways for the vitamin cannot substitute for STRA6. Changes in the expression of photoreceptor marker genes, including a downregulation of the genes encoding rod and cone opsins, paralleled the decrease in ocular retinoid concentration in STRA6-deficient mice. Despite this adaptation, cone photoreceptors displayed absent or mislocalized opsins at all ages examined. Rod photoreceptors entrapped the available chromophore but exhibited significant amounts of chromophore-free opsins in the dark-adapted stage. Treatment of mice with pharmacological doses of vitamin A ameliorated the rod phenotype but did not restore visual pigment synthesis in cone photoreceptors of STRA6-deficient mice. The imbalance between chromophore and opsin concentrations of rod and cone photoreceptors was associated with an unfavorable retinal physiology, including diminished electrical responses of photoreceptors to light, and retinal degeneration during aging. Together, our study demonstrates that STRA6 is critical to adjust the stoichiometry of chromophore and opsins in rod and cone photoreceptors and to prevent pathologies associated with ocular vitamin A deprivation.
Hyperbolicity for Log Smooth Families with Maximal Variation
Authors: Wei Chuanhao , Wu Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We prove that the base space of a log smooth family of log canonical pairs of log general type is of log general type as well as algebraically degenerate, when the family admits a relative good minimal model over a Zariski open subset of the base and the relative log canonical model is of maximal variation.
An approach to evaluate the sealing performance of sealing structures based on multiscale contact analyses
Authors: Wang Runliang , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Feikai , Ding Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The evaluation of sealing performance is important in the design stage and assembly process of sealing structures. To date, analyses of sealing structures have rarely quantitatively evaluated sealing performance: They tend to neglect microsurface topographic information or simplify rough surfaces. Herein, we propose a new and efficient simulation approach to analyse sealing performance based on a multiscale contact model. In this simulation approach, a new parameter, critical preload, is used as the index of sealing performance. The validity of the proposed index was verified using the case of a cone seal. The evolution of the contact characteristics during the assembly process, such as the real contact area, the distribution of contact pressure, and contact status, were studied in detail.
Effects of Different Legume Seeds on Individual Performance in the Bean Bug, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae)
Authors: Seong Jae Min , Lee Kwang Pum 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius), is a serious pest of legume crops in East Asia. Here, we report how the consumption of different types of legume seeds affects various aspects of nymphal and adult traits related to fitness in R. pedestris. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, we assessed how R. pedestris nymphs and adults performed on one of 10 different legume seeds: adzuki bean, chickpea, cowpea, two kidney bean varieties (red, white), mung bean, peanut, small black bean, and two soybean varieties (black, yellow). Riptortus pedestris fed on yellow soybean and chickpea performed well in terms of nymphal survivorship and fecundity. However, R. pedestris fed on two kidney bean varieties suffered 100% nymphal mortality and reduced fecundity. Small black bean and black soybean supported high fecundity, but were not suitable for nymphal development. Lipid content was 4- to 11-folds higher in R. pedestris raised on peanuts than those on the others. In the second experiment, we recorded the key parameters of adult performance from R. pedestris assigned to one of nine combinations of three nymphal and three adult diets (yellow soybean, adzuki bean, peanut). Riptortus pedestris raised on yellow soybean during development produced more eggs over their lifetime than those raised on the others. However, this beneficial effect of consuming yellow soybean during development occurred only when yellow soybean was consumed during adulthood. Our data have implications for predicting the occurrence and population dynamics of this pest.
Mapping Black London in World War II: A staged approach to digital spatial history
Authors: Whitworth William , Ayers Oliver 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article suggests ways scholars may be able to deploy digital techniques in contexts without readily available quantitative data. Using the Mapping Black London (MBL) project in World War II as a case study, the article proposes ways scholars can ‘reverse engineer’ qualitative information in order to generate the data needed to make meaningful digital maps. The MBL project conducted a staged approach to digitally map the black presence in London during World War II. In contrast to other phased approaches where work typically begins with a lengthy stage of database construction and data entry followed by ‘traditional’ analysis toward the end, MBL sought to minimize the lengthy and costly lead times common to many Historic Geographic Information Systems (HGIS) projects. Work progressed through three alternative stages where the MBL team ‘mapped the topic’, before mapping selected aspects of the secondary literature and primary evidence. This article discusses the benefits drawn from such an approach, as well as suggesting some circumstances where similar methods might be deployed by others seeking to ‘reverse engineer’ qualitative sources to create digital maps.