bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The AGNIFS survey: distribution and excitation of the hot molecular and ionized gas in the inner kpc of nearby AGN hosts
Authors: Riffel R A , Storchi-Bergmann T , Riffel R , Bianchin M , Zakamska N L , Ruschel-Dutra D , Schönell A J , Rosario D J , Rodriguez-Ardila A , Fischer T C , Davies R I , Dametto N Z , Dahmer-Hahn L G , Crenshaw D M , Burtscher L , Bentz M C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We use the Gemini NIFS instrument to map the H$_2\, 2.1218\, \mu$m and Brγ flux distributions in the inner 0.04–2 kpc of a sample of 36 nearby active galaxies (0.001 ≲ z ≲ 0.056) at spatial resolutions from 4 to 250 pc. We find extended emission in 34 galaxies. In ∼55 per cent of them, the emission in both lines is most extended along the galaxy major axis, while in the other 45 per cent the extent follows a distinct orientation. The emission of H2 is less concentrated than that of Brγ, presenting a radius that contains half of the flux 60 per cent greater, on average. The H2 emission is driven by thermal processes – X-ray heating and shocks – at most locations for all galaxies, where $0.4\lt \rm H_2/Br\gamma \lt 6$. For regions where H2/Brγ &gt; 6 (seen in 40 per cent of the galaxies), shocks are the main H2 excitation mechanism, while in regions with H2/Brγ &lt; 0.4 (25 per cent of the sample) the H2 emission is produced by fluorescence. The only difference we found between type 1 and type 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN) was in the nuclear emission-line equivalent widths that are smaller in type 1 than in type 2 due to a larger contribution to the continuum from the hot dusty torus in the former. The gas masses in the inner 125 pc radius are in the range 101−104 M⊙ for the hot H2 and 103−106 M⊙ for the ionized gas and would be enough to power the AGN in our sample for 105−108 yr at their current accretion rates.
Histone deacetylases control lysine acetylation of ribosomal proteins in rice
Authors: Xu Qiutao , Liu Qian , Chen Zhengting , Yue Yaping , Liu Yuan , Zhao Yu , Zhou Dao-Xiu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lysine acetylation (Kac) is well known to occur in histones for chromatin function and epigenetic regulation. In addition to histones, Kac is also detected in a large number of proteins with diverse biological functions. However, Kac function and regulatory mechanism for most proteins are unclear. In this work, we studied mutation effects of rice genes encoding cytoplasm-localized histone deacetylases (HDAC) on protein acetylome and found that the HDAC protein HDA714 was a major deacetylase of the rice non-histone proteins including many ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and translation factors that were extensively acetylated. HDA714 loss-of-function mutations increased Kac levels but reduced abundance of r-proteins. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that HDA714 interacted with r-proteins and reduced their Kac. Substitutions of lysine by arginine (depleting Kac) in several r-proteins enhance, while mutations of lysine to glutamine (mimicking Kac) decrease their stability in transient expression system. Ribo-seq analysis revealed that the hda714 mutations resulted in increased ribosome stalling frequency. Collectively, the results uncover Kac as a functional posttranslational modification of r-proteins which is controlled by histone deacetylases, extending the role of Kac in gene expression to protein translational regulation.
Histone sumoylation and chromatin dynamics
Authors: Ryu Hong-Yeoul , Hochstrasser Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chromatin structure and gene expression are dynamically controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histone proteins, including ubiquitylation, methylation, acetylation and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation. It was initially thought that histone sumoylation exclusively suppressed gene transcription, but recent advances in proteomics and genomics have uncovered its diverse functions in cotranscriptional processes, including chromatin remodeling, transcript elongation, and blocking cryptic initiation. Histone sumoylation is integral to complex signaling codes that prime additional histone PTMs as well as modifications of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain (RNAPII-CTD) during transcription. In addition, sumoylation of histone variants is critical for the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response and for chromosome segregation during mitosis. This review describes recent findings on histone sumoylation and its coordination with other histone and RNAPII-CTD modifications in the regulation of chromatin dynamics.
An Analysis of Medicare Reimbursement for Neurosurgeon Office Visits: 2010 Compared to 2018
Authors: Harrington Maya T , Pollock Jordan R , Haglin Jack M , Richter Kent R , Patel Naresh P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Trends in Medicare billing and procedural reimbursement for outpatient office visits remain unclear within the field of neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze financial trends of neurosurgeon reimbursement for Medicare office visits in 2010 compared to 2018.

METHODS
The 2010 and 2018 physician/supplier files from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services website were utilized. All payments submitted by neurosurgeons (provider ID 14) were included. Trends in office visit Current Procedural Terminology codes 99201 to 99205 and 99211 to 99215 were analyzed.

RESULTS
Neurosurgeons billed for 1 109 979 office visits (463 611 h) in 2010 and Medicare denied 63 704 payments (totaling $11 205 283). Neurosurgeons billed for 1 189 046 office visits (508 526 h) in 2018 and Medicare denied 57 048 payments (totaling $15 103 879). This is a 7.1% increase in total neurosurgery office visits billed to Medicare, 9.7% increase in total office hours, and 34.8% increase in the payment amounts denied over 8 yr. Furthermore, after adjusting for inflation, the average amount paid to physicians by Medicare decreased by 8.3% per office visit. Additionally, Medicare paid 36.1% of the total neurosurgeon submitted charge amount for all office visits in 2010 but paid only 27.8% in 2018 (−8.3%).

CONCLUSION
Neurosurgeons are performing more office visits and billing for more time with patients. Meanwhile, Medicare has been paying physicians less per office visit, denying higher amounts of payments and reimbursing a decreasing percentage of submitted charges for office visits. An understanding of these trends is necessary to ensure continued equity and quality access to neurosurgical care in the United States.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Shoar Saeed , Centeno Fernando H , Musher Daniel M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Long regarded as the second most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), Haemophilus influenzae has recently been identified with almost equal frequency as pneumococcus in patients hospitalized for CAP. The literature lacks a detailed description of the presentation, clinical features, laboratory and radiologic findings, and outcomes in Haemophilus pneumonia.

Methods
During 2 prospective studies of patients hospitalized for CAP, we identified 33 patients with Haemophilus pneumonia. In order to provide context, we compared clinical findings in these patients with findings in 36 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia identified during the same period. We included and analyzed separately data from patients with viral coinfection. Patients with coinfection by other bacteria were excluded.

Results
Haemophilus pneumonia occurred in older adults who had underlying chronic lung disease, cardiac conditions, and alcohol use disorder, the same population at risk for pneumococcal pneumonia. However, in contrast to pneumococcal pneumonia, patients with Haemophilus pneumonia had less severe infection as shown by absence of septic shock on admission, less confusion, fewer cases of leukopenia or extreme leukocytosis, and no deaths at 30 days. Viral coinfection greatly increased the severity of Haemophilus, but not pneumococcal pneumonia.

Conclusions
We present the first thorough description of Haemophilus pneumonia, show that it is less severe than pneumococcal pneumonia, and document that viral coinfection greatly increases its severity. These distinctions are lost when the label CAP is liberally applied to all patients who come to the hospital from the community for pneumonia.
Striking Decrease of Enteroviral Meningitis in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stoffel Larissa , Agyeman Philipp K A , Keitel Kristina , Barbani Maria Teresa , Duppenthaler Andrea , Kopp Matthias V , Aebi Christoph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report the unprecedented complete absence of pediatric enteroviral meningitis in 2020 in the area of Bern, Switzerland. Presumably an unintended effect of coronavirus disease 2019 public health measures, this finding highlights the potential of community-wide nonpharmaceutical interventions for controlling the circulation of a major pediatric pathogen, which is mainly transmitted by the fecal–oral route.
Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Illness in a Patient Receiving Ocrelizumab for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gibson Elena G , Pender Melissa , Angerbauer Michael , Cook Craig , Jones Barbara , Spivak Adam M , Spivak Emily S , Swaminathan Sankar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We describe a case of prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a patient receiving ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis. Viral RNA shedding, signs, and symptoms persisted for 69 days with resolution after administration of convalescent plasma and antiviral therapy. This case suggests risk for persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients treated with anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibodies and supports a role for humoral immunity in disease resolution.
E-learning to teach medical students about acute otitis media: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mousseau Sarah , Poitras Maude , Lapointe Annie , Nguyen Bich Hong , Hervouet-Zeiber Catherine , Gravel Jocelyn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Acute otitis media (AOM) is extremely prevalent among children but its diagnosis remains challenging. Our primary objective was to measure the impact of an e-learning module on medical students’ accuracy in diagnosing paediatric AOM.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial was performed at a single tertiary care paediatric emergency department (ED). Medical students on their paediatric rotation were randomized to a locally developed e-learning module or a small-group lecture on AOM. They then had to examine at least 10 ears of patients at risk for AOM. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy and secondary outcomes included knowledge test scores and learning modality preference.

Results
Between May 2017 and September 2018, 201 medical students were randomized. Eighty-three evaluated at least 10 ears and were included in the primary analysis. Diagnostic accuracies (76.5% for the e-learning group versus 76.4% for the lecture group, difference of 0.1%; 95%CI: –6.2 to 6.4%) and post-test scores (difference of 0.5/20 points; 95%CI: –0.8 to 1.2/20 points) were similar between the groups. Sixty-two per cent of participants preferred the e-learning module to the lecture, while 15% had no preference.

Conclusions
Diagnostic accuracy for AOM was similar between students exposed to an e-learning module or a small-group lecture. E-learning was the preferred learning modality.
Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Conger Aaron , Gililland Jeremy , Anderson Lucas , Pelt Christopher E , Peters Christopher , McCormick Zachary L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly being performed to treat chronic pain due to knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This narrative review provides a concise summary of the relevant neuroanatomy, randomized controlled trials, appropriate patient selection, and safety relating to genicular RFA. Cadaveric studies demonstrate significant variability in the location of the genicular nerves, which has stimulated debate about the ideal target locations for genicular RFA. Despite this, favorable outcomes have been observed in studies targeting only the superior medial genicular nerve, inferior medial genicular nerve, and superior lateral genicular nerve. Several randomized controlled trials demonstrate superiority of genicular RFA compared with intra-articular steroid, viscosupplementation, and oral analgesics. Genicular RFA of the superior medial genicular nerve, inferior medial genicular nerve, and superior lateral genicular nerve appears to be an effective treatment for painful KOA, but targeting additional sensory nerves may further improve treatment success. Although genicular RFA appears relatively safe on the basis of the available data, additional large-scale studies are needed to provide greater confidence.
Winding up the bloom clock—do sugar levels at senescence determine how trees respond to winter temperature?
Authors: Sperling Or , Zwieniecki Maciej A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Variable winter temperatures cause a year-to-year discrepancy in the phenology of deciduous trees. This implies that an intrinsic ‘winter clock’ synchronizes bloom with the progression of winter to spring. The carbohydrate–temperature (C–T) model established a mechanistic association between carbohydrate metabolism in dormant trees and hourly winter temperatures. Using historical winter temperature and bloom times of Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb (almond), Malus domestica L. (apple), Pistachia vera L. (pistachio) and Juglans regia L. (walnut) in California and Washington states, we parametrized species-specific metabolic parameters to the C–T model. There was a sound fit between actual and projected bloom dates with a deviation (root mean square error) of 4–7 days in all species. The parameterized model enabled us to study how the observed variability in soluble carbohydrate concentrations at senescence (SC0) could affect bloom time. The C–T model projected that low SC0 could advance, while high SC0 possibly delays, the bloom of the early blooming almond trees. In contrast, high SC0 would advance the bloom of apple, pistachio and walnut trees. These novel projections suggest that after experimental validation, SC0 could guide post-harvest farming applications that affect fall carbohydrate accumulation to mediate the effects of climate shifts.
Phylogenetics and phylogeography of red deer mtDNA lineages during the last 50 000 years in Eurasia
Authors: Doan Karolina , Niedziałkowska Magdalena , Stefaniak Krzysztof , Sykut Maciej , Jędrzejewska Bogumiła , Ratajczak-Skrzatek Urszula , Piotrowska Natalia , Ridush Bogdan , Zachos Frank E , Popović Danijela , Baca Mateusz , Mackiewicz Paweł , Kosintsev Pavel , Makowiecki Daniel , Charniauski Maxim , Boeskorov Gennady , Bondarev Alexey Anatolievich , Danila Gabriel , Kusak Josip , Rannamäe Eve , Saarma Urmas , Arakelyan Marine , Manaseryan Ninna , Krasnodębski Dariusz , Titov Vadim , Hulva Pavel , Bălășescu Adrian , Trantalidou Katerina , Dimitrijević Vesna , Shpansky Andrey , Kovalchuk Oleksandr , Klementiev Alexey M , Foronova Irina , Malikov Dmitriy G , Juras Anna , Nikolskiy Pavel , Grigoriev Semyon Egorovich , Cheprasov Maksim Yurievich , Novgorodov Gavril Petrovich , Sorokin Alexandr Dmitrievich , Wilczyński Jarosław , Protopopov Albert Vasilievich , Lipecki Grzegorz , Stanković Ana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present phylogeographic pattern of red deer in Eurasia is not only a result of the contraction of their distribution range into glacial refugia and postglacial expansion, but probably also an effect of replacement of some red deer s.l. mtDNA lineages by others during the last 50 000 years. To better recognize this process, we analysed 501 sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b, including 194 ancient and 75 contemporary samples newly obtained for this study. The inclusion of 161 radiocarbon-dated samples enabled us to study the phylogeny in a temporal context and conduct divergence-time estimation and molecular dating. Depending on methodology, our estimate of divergence between Cervus elaphus and Cervus canadensis varied considerably (370 000 or 1.37 million years BP, respectively). The divergence times of genetic lineages and haplogroups corresponded to large environmental changes associated with stadials and interstadials of the Late Pleistocene. Due to the climatic oscillations, the distribution of C. elaphus and C. canadensis fluctuated in north–south and east–west directions. Some haplotypes dated to pre-Last Glacial Maximum periods were not detected afterwards, representing possibly extinct populations. We indicated with a high probability the presence of red deer sensu lato in south-eastern Europe and western Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Psychiatric Readmission and Associated Factors in Shafa Psychiatric Hospital in Rasht During 2017-2019
Authors: Najafi Kiomars , Siahkoucheh Adel Yousefi , Siahkoucheh Adeleh Yousefi , Bayat Mohsen , Didar Fardad , Naeim Mahdi 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Hospital readmission is one of the important priorities of health systems due to its impact on the cost and quality of hospital care and imposing an additional burden on the health system. Complications are much more severe in patients who are readmitted to the hospital, with high mortality, increased length of stay, and a 25% increase in medical costs.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric readmission and associated factors in Shafa Psychiatric Hospital in Rasht during the years 2017-2019.

Methods:
The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of results. The statistical population of this study consisted of all patients admitted to Shafa Hospital of Rasht during 2017-2019. Sampling method: This study was a convenience sampling with a sample size of 196 people. Data were entered into SPSS 24 software. Descriptive data were expressed as mean, SD, frequency (percentage of frequency). Binomial and χ2 tests were also used to compare the frequency of the 2 groups in a population.

Results:
The results of this study showed that having a criminal record significantly increases the frequency of readmission, involuntary hospitalization, being single, and not having a readmission risk job.

Conclusion:
On the basis of the results, it is suggested that the follow-up of patients and providing hospitalization for emotional support and recommendation for appropriate medication can be helpful and reduce the rate of readmission.
Conversion to Resectability Using Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined With Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Initially Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Binkui , Qiu Jiliang , Zheng Yun , Shi Yunxing , Zou Ruhai , He Wei , Yuan Yichuang , Zhang Yuanping , Wang Chenwei , Qiu Zhiyu , Li Kai , Zhong Chengrui , Yuan Yunfei 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To evaluate whether this conversion rate to resectability could be increased when patients are treated with transarterial chemoembolization and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (TACE-HAIC) using oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin.

Background:
Conventional TACE (c-TACE) is a common regimen for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which converts to curative-intent resection in about 10% of those patients. It is urgent need to investigated better regimen for those patients.

Methods:
The data of 83 initially unresectable HCC patients were examined, including 41 patients in the TACE-HAIC group and 42 patients in the c-TACE group. Their response rate, conversion rate to resection, survival outcome, and adverse events were compared.

Results:
The conversion rate was significantly better in the TACE-HAIC group than in the c-TACE group (48.8% vs 9.5%; P < 0.001). The TACE-HAIC had marginal superiority in overall response rate as compared to c-TACE (14.6% vs 2.4%; P = 0.107 [RECIST]; 65.9% vs 16.7%; P < 0.001 [mRECIST], respectively). The median progression-free survival was not available and 9.2 months for the TACE-HAIC and cTACE groups, respectively (hazard rate [HR]: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20–0.70; P = 0.003). The median overall survival was not available and 13.5 months for the TACE-HAIC and c-TACE groups, respectively (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.34–1.17; P = 0.132). The 2 groups had similar rates of grade 3/4 adverse events (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
TACE-HAIC demonstrated a higher conversion rate and progression-free survival benefit than c-TACE and could be considered as a more effective regimen for patients with initially unresectable HCC. Future prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm it.
Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation*
Authors: Angel Luis F. , Amoroso Nancy E. , Rafeq Samaan , Mitzman Brian , Goldenberg Ronald , Shekar Saketh Palasamudram , Troxel Andrea B. , Zhang Yan , Chang Stephanie H , Kwak Paul , Amin Milan R. , Sureau Kimberly , Nafday Heidi B. , Thomas Sarun , Kon Zachary , Sommer Philip M. , Segal Leopoldo N. , Moore William H. , Cerfolio Robert 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the impact of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in coronavirus disease 2019 patients requiring mechanical ventilation and the risk for healthcare providers.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study; patients were enrolled between March 11, and April 29, 2020. The date of final follow-up was July 30, 2020. We used a propensity score matching approach to compare outcomes. Study outcomes were formulated before data collection and analysis.

SETTING:
Critical care units at two large metropolitan hospitals in New York City.

PATIENTS:
Five-hundred forty-one patients with confirmed severe coronavirus disease 2019 respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

INTERVENTIONS:
Bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy with modified visualization and ventilation.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Required time for discontinuation off mechanical ventilation, total length of hospitalization, and overall patient survival. Of the 541 patients, 394 patients were eligible for a tracheostomy. One-hundred sixteen were early percutaneous dilational tracheostomies with median time of 9 days after initiation of mechanical ventilation (interquartile range, 7–12 d), whereas 89 were late percutaneous dilational tracheostomies with a median time of 19 days after initiation of mechanical ventilation (interquartile range, 16–24 d). Compared with patients with no tracheostomy, patients with an early percutaneous dilational tracheostomy had a higher probability of discontinuation from mechanical ventilation (absolute difference, 30%; p < 0.001; hazard ratio for successful discontinuation, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.34–5.84; p = 0.006) and a lower mortality (absolute difference, 34%, p < 0.001; hazard ratio for death, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.06–0.22; p < 0.001). Compared with patients with late percutaneous dilational tracheostomy, patients with early percutaneous dilational tracheostomy had higher discontinuation rates from mechanical ventilation (absolute difference 7%; p < 0.35; hazard ratio for successful discontinuation, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01–2.3; p = 0.04) and had a shorter median duration of mechanical ventilation in survivors (absolute difference, –15 d; p < 0.001). None of the healthcare providers who performed all the percutaneous dilational tracheostomies procedures had clinical symptoms or any positive laboratory test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

CONCLUSIONS:
In coronavirus disease 2019 patients on mechanical ventilation, an early modified percutaneous dilational tracheostomy was safe for patients and healthcare providers and associated with improved clinical outcomes.