bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-Onset Physical Inactivity and Metabolic Dysfunction in Tumor-bearing Mice Is Associated with Accelerated Cachexia
Authors: COUNTS BRITTANY R. , HALLE JESSICA L. , CARSON JAMES A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Cancer-induced skeletal muscle mass loss is a critical characteristic of cachexia. Although physical inactivity and systemic metabolic dysfunction can precede cachexia development, how these early-onset disruptions are related to cachexia’s eventual severity is not well understood. The well-established Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) preclinical cachexia model exhibits a varying degree of cachexia. Therefore, we examined if the early-onset of physical inactivity and metabolic dysfunction were associated with accelerated cachexia development in LLC tumor-bearing mice.

Methods
Male C57BL/6J mice (12 wk of age) were injected with 1 × 106 LLC cells or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) subcutaneously in the right flank, and tissue was collected 26–28 d after cell injection. Tumor volume was measured every 5 d throughout the study to calculate the tumor growth rate. Fifteen days after tumor inoculation, a subset of PBS (n = 11) and LLC (n = 16) mice were individually housed in metabolic Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System cages for 5 d.

Results
LLC mice exhibited greater body weight loss (−5.1%), decreased muscle mass (−7%), decreased fat mass (−22%), and increased plasma interleukin-6 (212%) compared with PBS mice. Before the onset of cachexia, total cage activity was decreased in tumor-bearing mice. Cage activity was negatively associated with tumor mass and positively associated with hindlimb muscle mass. In addition, LLC mice had greater lipid oxidation than PBS mice.

Conclusions
LLC mice exhibit early-onset physical inactivity and altered systemic lipid oxidation, which are associated with the eventual development of cachexia.
Diurnal Variation in Maximum Endurance and Maximum Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: KNAIER RAPHAEL , QIAN JINGYI , ROTH RALF , INFANGER DENIS , NOTTER TIMO , WANG WEI , CAJOCHEN CHRISTIAN , SCHEER FRANK A. J. L. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Diurnal variations in physical performance can affect athletes’ success in competitive sports depending on whether the time of peak performance concurs with the time of competition. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the diurnal variation in maximum endurance and strength performance.

Methods
The databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2020. The search string was externally reviewed according to PRESS guidelines, and the review was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines and registered beforehand on PROSPERO. Eligibility criteria were that 1) the studies included humans and 2) any kind of maximum endurance or maximum strength test was performed at 3) a minimum of three different times of the day. There were no restrictions regarding study design, participants’ sex, age, or fitness levels.

Results
From 10,460 screened articles, 63 articles met all three inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis on the harmonizable 29 studies provided evidence for diurnal variations in physical performance. In detail, the overall effect sizes (95% confidence intervals) were 0.23 (0.05–0.40), 0.73 (0.37–1.09), 0.39 (0.18–0.60), and 0.79 (0.28–1.30) for endurance exercise tests, maximum power output in the Wingate test, handgrip strength, and jump height, respectively, all in favor of higher performance in the evening. The overall risk of bias in individual studies was moderately high.

Conclusions
There is strong evidence that anaerobic power and jump height are maximal between 1300 and 2000 h. There is some evidence that handgrip strength peaks between 1400 and 2100 h, but only little evidence that there is a time of peak performance in maximum endurance.
Neuroplasticity Caused by Peripheral Proprioceptive Deficits
Authors: SHITARA HITOSHI , ICHINOSE TSUYOSHI , SHIMOYAMA DAISUKE , SASAKI TSUYOSHI , HAMANO NORITAKA , KAMIYAMA MASATAKA , TAJIKA TSUYOSHI , YAMAMOTO ATSUSHI , KOBAYASHI TSUTOMU , HANAKAWA TAKASHI , TSUSHIMA YOSHITO , TAKAGISHI KENJI , CHIKUDA HIROTAKA 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Proprioceptive feedback is crucial for motor control and stabilization of the shoulder joint in everyday life and sports. Shoulder dislocation causes anatomical and proprioceptive feedback damage that contributes to subsequent dislocations. Previous recurrent anterior shoulder instability (RSI) studies did not investigate functional neuroplasticity related to proprioception of the injured shoulder. Thus, we aimed to study the differences in neuroplasticity related to motor control between patients with RSI and healthy individuals, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and assess the effects of peripheral proprioceptive deficits due to RSI on CNS activity.

Methods
Using passive shoulder motion and voluntary shoulder muscles contraction tasks, we compared the CNS correlates of proprioceptive activity between patients having RSI (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 12) to clarify RSI pathophysiology and the effects of RSI-related peripheral proprioceptive deficits on CNS activity.

Results
Decreased proprioception-related brain activity indicated a deficient passive proprioception in patients with RSI (P < 0.05 family-wise error, cluster level). Proprioceptive afferent-related right cerebellar activity significantly negatively correlated with the extent of shoulder damage (P = 0.001, r = −0.79). Functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal motor control in the CNS during voluntary shoulder muscles contraction.

Conclusion
Our integrated analysis of peripheral anatomical information and brain activity during motion tasks can be used to investigate other orthopedic diseases.
Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention on Bone Turnover in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the U-TURN Trial
Authors: ABILDGAARD JULIE , JOHANSEN METTE YUN , SKOV-JEPPESEN KIRSA , ANDERSEN LARS BO , KARSTOFT KRISTIAN , HANSEN KATRINE BAGGE , HARTMANN BOLETTE , HOLST JENS JUUL , PEDERSEN BENTE KLARLUND , RIED-LARSEN MATHIAS 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
The increased risk of fractures with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is suggested to be caused by decreased bone turnover. Current international guidelines recommend lifestyle modifications, including exercise, as first-line treatment for T2D. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an exercise-based lifestyle intervention on bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in persons with T2D.

Methods
Persons with T2D were randomized to either a 12-month lifestyle intervention (n = 64) or standard care (n = 34). The lifestyle intervention included five to six weekly aerobic training sessions, half of them combined with resistance training. Serum markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type-I procollagen, reflecting bone formation, and carboxyterminal collagen I crosslinks, reflecting bone resorption) and BMD (by DXA) were measured before the intervention and at follow-up.

Results
From baseline to follow-up, s-propeptide of type-I procollagen increased by 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%–50%), serum-carboxyterminal collagen I crosslink by 36% (95% CI, 1%–71%), and s-osteocalcin by 31% (95% CI, 11–51%) more in the lifestyle intervention group compared with standard care. Loss of weight and fat mass were the strongest mediators of the increased bone turnover. Bone mineral density was unaffected by the intervention (ΔBMD, 0.1%; 95% CI, −1.1% to 1.2%).

Conclusions
A 12-month intensive exercise-based lifestyle intervention led to a substantial but balanced increase in bone turnover in persons with T2D. The increased bone turnover combined with a preserved BMD, despite a considerable weight loss, is likely to reflect improved bone health and warrants further studies addressing the impact of exercise on risk of fractures in persons with T2D.
Fit and Tipsy? The Interrelationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Alcohol Consumption and Dependence
Authors: SHUVAL KEREM , LEONARD DAVID , CHARTIER KAREN G. , BARLOW CAROLYN E. , FENNIS BOB M. , KATZ DAVID L. , ABEL KATELYN , FARRELL STEPHEN W. , PAVLOVIC ANDJELKA , DEFINA LAURA F. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To examine whether higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are related to increased alcohol consumption and dependence among a large sample of adults attending a preventive medicine clinic.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 38,653 apparently healthy patients who visited the Cooper Clinic (Dallas, TX) for preventive medical examinations (1988–2019) and enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. The primary independent variable was cardiorespiratory fitness, based on a maximal treadmill test, and the dependent variables were alcohol consumption and dependence (self-reported). The relations between fitness category (low, moderate, high) and alcohol consumption (low, moderate, heavy) and suggested alcohol dependence (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener score ≥2) among women and men were estimated via multivariable regression while adjusting for covariates (e.g., age, birth year cohort, marital status, and body mass index).

Results
Women within the moderate and high fitness categories had 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–1.91) and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.77–2.58) greater odds of moderate/heavy alcohol consumption, respectively, in comparison to their low fitness counterparts. Similarly, moderate and high fit men had 1.42 (95% CI, 1.30–1.55) and 1.63 (95% CI, 1.49–1.80) times greater odds of moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption, respectively, in comparison to the low fitness group. In addition, among men who were heavy drinkers (but not women), higher fitness levels were related to lower rates of suggested alcohol dependence. Specifically, these men had 45.7%, 41.7%, and 34.9% proportions of clinically relevant alcohol problems across low, moderate, and high fitness categories (adjusted P for trend <0.001).

Conclusions
Higher fitness levels are significantly related to greater alcohol consumption among a large cohort of adult patients. Interventions focusing on increasing fitness (via physical activity promotion) might consider concurrently aiming to reduce alcohol consumption.
Geological map of Athens Metropolitan Area, Attica (Greece): A review based on Athens Metro ground investigation data
Authors: Boronkay Konstantinos , Stoumpos Georgios , Benissi Maria , Rovolis Georgios , Korkaris Konstantinos , Papastamatiou Despina , Dimitriou Georgios , Chrysikopoulou Anastasia , Miliotis Ioannis , Giakoumis Aristidis , Novack Mark , Marinos Paul 
Published: August 2021

The ground investigations for the construction of Athens Metro –including over 60.000 m of sampling boreholes and geological mapping of the underground tunnel face–, planned and carried out under the supervision of ATTIKO METRO S.A., offer important geological data that enrich and locally modify our knowledge for the geology of Athens Metropolitan Area (AMA). On the basis of these data, this paper presents the Geological Map of AMA as well as a revised tectonostratigraphic scheme for the area and geological profiles along several sections of the Athens Metro lines. The geological map is a synthesis of the geological data obtained from the ground investigations with the already published geological maps and includes a Mesozoic rock assemblage as well as the Neogene-Quaternary Athens Basin. The following basic conclusions can be drawn from the interpretation of these data: (a) The Athens Unit, the basement of AMA, is divided into four formations (from bottom to top), the Lower Athens Schist, the Upper Athens Schist, the Athens Sandstone-Marl Series and the Crest Limestone. (b) Ultrabasic rocks (serpentinite) constitute the basement of Athens Unit. (c) Serpentinite bodies at the eastern border of Athens Basin, have undergone almost complete metasomatism to listwanite along their tectonic contacts with Alepovouni Marble on top and Kessariani Dolomite at their base. (d) The limestone outcrops at the western border of Athens Basin (e.g., Karavas hill) form tectonic windows of Pelagonian Upper Cretaceous limestone underneath the Athens Schist and not klippen of Crest Limestone on top of it. The revised geological map also includes the Attica-Evia Fault, which is the dominant structure of the broader area, locally mapped by two sampling boreholes across the planned metro line 4.
Cost and pollution by the use of xylene in cervical cytology in four Peruvian hospitals
Authors: Moya-Salazar Jeel , Salazar-Hernández Richard , Rojas-Zumaran Victor , Cruz-Gonzales Gloria , Contreras-Pulache Hans 
Published: August 2021

Background: Cytological samples are cleared with xylene in two or three baths during a Pap test, however, this solvent has a high degree of toxicity, and being a controlled reagent infers high costs for its purchase and implications for environmental pollution. We estimated the impact of xylene during the Pap test in terms of the number of liters and cost of two baths of xylene, and also estimated the impact with three baths Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in four hospitals of EsSalud in Peru in two stages. First, the analysis of the impact due to the use of two baths of xylene was conducted during the period 2015–2019, and second, the estimates were calculated based on the assumption of three baths of xylene for the years 2020–2025. The assumption was based on the recommendations of the 2018 EsSalud cytology guideline. The monthly amount of xylene was ~10 liters per bath/month and the cost per liter was estimated at 8.13 USD (27 soles). Results: For the staining of 594,898 cytology tests, 7,848 liters of xylene were necessary, resulting in a cost of 60,861 USD (202,068 soles) during the period 2015–2019. The estimates showed a maximum assumption of 9,483 liters and 77,110 USD (256,040 soles) for the use of three baths of xylene in the four EsSalud hospitals (p = 0.0025) during the period 2020–2025. Conclusions: We determined that there was a high economic impact of using xylene with two baths from 2015 to 2019 and a dramatic increase in costs with the possible use of three baths of xylene in the Pap test for the following five years.
Analysing Transitions in Intimate Relationships with Panel Data
Authors: Feldhaus Michael , Preetz Richard 
Published: August 2021

Panel data on intimate relationships are becoming increasingly available, enabling a closer examination and deeper understanding of why and how they develop over time. The aim of this review is to illustrate to what extent demographic research has made progress in understanding the dynamics of intimate relationships by examining panel data. We focus on hypotheses about key transitions throughout the progression of intimate relationships, ranging from union formation up to cohabitation, marriage, divorce and repartnering. For every hypothesis, we will present findings from cross-sectional data and illustrate whether the use of panel data and longitudinal methods modified the previous understandings of transitions in intimate relationships.
* This article belongs to a special issue on "Identification of causal mechanisms in demographic research: The contribution of panel data".
Currency Factors
Authors: Aloosh Arash , Bekaert Geert 
Published: August 2021

We examine the ability of existing and new factor models to explain the comovements of G10 currency changes, measured using “currency baskets.” A clustering technique reveals a clear two-block structure in currency comovements, with the first block containing mostly the dollar currencies and the other the European currencies. A factor model incorporating this “clustering” factor and two additional factors, a commodity currency factor and a “world” factor based on trading volumes, fits currency basket correlations much better than extant factors, such as value and carry, do. In particular, it explains on average about 60% of currency variation and generates a root mean squared error relative to sample correlations of only 0.11. The model also fits comovements in emerging market currencies well. Economically, the correlations between currency baskets underlying the factor structure are inversely related to the physical distances between countries. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Capacity Rationing in Primary Care: Provider Availability Shocks and Channel Diversion
Authors: Bavafa Hessam , Canamucio Anne , Marcus Steven C. , Terwiesch Christian , Werner Rachel M. 
Published: August 2021

We study capacity rationing by servers facing differentiated customer classes using data from the Veterans Health Administration, which is the largest integrated healthcare system in the U.S. Using more than 11 million health encounters over two years in which the system was capacity constrained, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of provider availability shocks on care channel diversion and delays. The outcomes studied include emergency room (ER) visits broken down by type, urgent care center visits, office and phone visits with one’s own versus another provider, post-ER follow-up visits, and ER readmissions. Availability shocks in our analysis are a residualized measure characterizing weeks in which the provider has fewer (or more) office appointments than expected based on typical patterns. The main finding is that moving from two standard deviations above to two standard deviations below in availability shocks increases ER visits by 2.4%, or about 20,000 yearly ER visits. Interestingly, the increase in ER visits is only present for the non-emergent category, indicating differentiated service to emergent and non-emergent care requests; capacity-constrained providers still tend to the patients in most need. Another finding is that provider availability shocks delay and divert post-ER follow-up care. Yet there is no effect on ER readmissions, a severe outcome of delayed or foregone follow-up, indicating that providers ration by priority these follow-up appointments. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Silicon-coated gold nanodiffraction grating structures as plasmonic absorbers for short-wavelength infrared light
Authors: Tsubota Tatsuya , Arai Naoyuki , Harada Atsuya , Uesugi Akio , Sugano Koji , Isono Yoshitada 
Published: August 2021

As a plasmonic absorber for short-wavelength infrared hyperspectral imaging, a silicon-coated gold nanodiffraction grating structure is proposed. This plasmonic absorber leads to absorption peaks in short-wavelength infrared region by the high refractive index of silicon coating on gold grating. It is relatively easy to fabricate with smaller size than those of already known absorbers. By performing fabrication, simulation, and measurement, we demonstrate the sharp absorption peaks of short-wavelength infrared light using only 400–1000 nm grating interval. We believe this miniaturized absorber will be able to be applied to hyperspectral imaging without a spectroscope owing to its sharp absorption peak at a specific wavelength.
OAM mode-excited surface plasmon resonance for refractive index sensing based on a photonic quasi-crystal fiber
Authors: Liu Exian , Yan Bei , Zhou Huiying , Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Genhua , Liu Jianjun 
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber biosensor is theoretically proposed to detect the surrounding refractive index based on a Stampfli-type photonic quasi-crystal fiber with one air hole coated gold thin film. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the metal/dielectric interface are excited by the orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode (other than Gaussian mode) that propagates very robustly along the fiber with helical phase, facilitating the energy transformation of OAM mode to SPP mode and then realization of the typical resonant loss peak. The proposed OAM-SPR fiber sensor exhibits a refractive index sensitivity of 4466.5 nm/RIU and a resolution of

2.3

×

1

0

−
5

RIU in a broad refractive index range from 1.36 to 1.435. Numeric results show that both structure parameters of the fiber and thickness of the gold layer influence sensing performance as the phase matching condition varies. This work offers theoretical guidance for the design of an OAM-SPR fiber biosensor and has great potential applications in sensing bio-molecular and bio-chemical liquids.
Flat distorting mirrors via metasurfaces
Authors: Chu Hongchen , Yu Wenjun , Lai Yun 
Published: August 2021

Traditional distorting mirrors utilize curved surfaces to produce distorted virtual images, i.e., illusions. Here we propose the concept of flat distorting mirrors (FDMs) based on gradient metasurfaces and investigate the shape, orientation, and position of the virtual images generated by such FDMs through a ray optics approach. The virtual images can be controlled by varying the distribution of the additional wave vector of the metasurface, which manipulates the deflection of the reflected light. We find that the “effective curvature” of the FDM is related to the derivative of the additional wave vector. When the additional wave vector or its derivative is discontinuous at a certain point, the virtual images can be split. This Letter provides a guide for designing FDMs that create illusions without using curved surfaces.
Full image reconstruction in frequency-domain photoacoustic microscopy by means of a low-cost I/Q demodulator
Authors: Tserevelakis George J. , Mavrakis Kostas G. , Kakakios Nikitas , Zacharakis Giannis 
Published: August 2021

We present a full image reconstruction methodology in frequency-domain photoacoustic (PA) microscopy using a low-cost I/Q demodulator for the recording of the amplitude and phase of the signals. By modulating the intensity of a continuous-wave diode laser at 10 MHz, we have been able to provide accurate optical absorption images and surface reconstructions of phantom samples, comparing also the extracted results with standard time-domain approaches. The findings of the study in this Letter could be utilized towards the development of inexpensive PA microscopes with multispectral capabilities for a wide range of biomedical studies, requiring the sensitive detection of endogenous or exogenous absorbers in tissues.