bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Customized Mouthguards on the Muscular Activity of the Masticatory Muscles at Maximum Bite and Motor Performance During Static and Dynamic Exercises
Authors: Lässing Johannes , Pökel Christoph , Lingener Lennart , Falz Roberto , Kwast Stefan , Schulze Antina , Busse Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSome studies have suggested that a mouthguard is a performance-enhancing device due to a remote voluntary contraction. The extent to which a mouthguard can induce this phenomenon, e.g., by potentially increasing biting, has not been clarified. This study’s aim was to investigate the muscular activity of the maxillary and peripheral musculature and motor performance during a rest and exercise test.MethodsOur study comprised 12 active, male, professional young handball players (age 18.83 ± 0.39 years). Their performance, electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity (Σ), and lateral deviation (Δ) of the masticatory and peripheral musculature were measured during rest in a maximum bite force measurement, one-legged stand, a kettlebell swing exercise and a jump test while wearing a customized mouthguard (CMG) or not wearing one (Co).ResultsMaximum bite force measurements did not differ significantly in their mean values of muscle activity (Σ) for the masseter and temporalis muscles (Co 647.6 ± 212.8 µV vs. CMG 724.3 ± 257.1 µVp = 0.08) (Co 457.2 ± 135.5 µV vs. CMG 426.6 ± 169.3 µVp = 0.38) with versus without CMG. We found no differences in the mean activation values during a one-legged stand, the kettlebell swing, and jump test (Σ) in any of the muscles tested. Lateral deviations (Δ) wearing a CMG were significantly less in the erector spinae during the kettlebell swing (Co 5.33 ± 3.4 µV vs. CMG 2.53 ± 1.8 µVp = 0.01) and countermovement jump (Co 37.90 ± 30.6 µV vs. CMG 17.83 ± 22.3 µVp = 0.03) compared to the performance without a CMG. Jump height, rotation moment, and balance were unchanged with versus without CMG.ConclusionOur results at rest and during specific motor stress show no differences with or without a CMG. The improved peripheral muscular balance while wearing a CMG indicates improved muscular stabilization.
Video-delivered emotion-focused mindfulness therapy for late- life anxiety: study protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hatch Stacey , Kessler Dorothy , Finlayson Marcia , Rej Soham 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The worldwide prevalence of anxiety in older adults is estimated at between 6 and 10%. In Canada, adults 65 and older experience anxiety at a rate of 6.4%, affecting more than 300,000 people. Anxiety in older adults has been linked to difficulties retaining new information and engaging in instrumental daily activities of living. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, novel methods of delivering therapy programs remotely are needed; however, data is limited. There is some evidence that older adults prefer non-pharmacological approaches for anxiety that can be delivered in the community. Emotion-focused mindfulness therapy (EFMT) is a mindfulness-based intervention that emphasizes meditation and observing thoughts and emotions as they arise. This emphasis has been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of anxiety in general populations. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of EFMT with older adults.

Methods
This pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial will use a wait list control trial design. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, we will use telehealth delivery via Zoom rather than in-person delivery. The first 48 people to meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to either receive EFMT immediately, or in approximately 8 weeks time from enrollment (1:1 allocation ratio). Data will be collected at baseline, 8 weeks following baseline, and 16 weeks following baseline. The primary outcomes will determine the feasibility of the intervention based on recruitment, enrolment, retention, and adherence to all components of the intervention. The secondary outcome will be changes to anxiety over time.

Discussion
The results of this trial will determine the feasibility and potential effectiveness of video-delivered EFMT for late-life anxiety compared to no treatment. If the results are promising, a larger randomized controlled trial may be conducted.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04415528. Registered on June 4, 2020

Protocol version
Protocol version 2, January 2, 2021
A small vocal repertoire during the breeding season expresses complex behavioral motivations and individual signature in the common coot
Authors: Fu Changjian , Kathait Atul , Lu Guangyi , Li Xiang , Li Feng , Xing Xiaoying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough acoustic communication plays an essential role in the social interactions of Rallidae, our knowledge of how Rallidae encode diverse types of information using simple vocalizations is limited. We recorded and examined the vocalizations of a common coot (Fulica atra) population during the breeding season to test the hypotheses that 1) different call types can be emitted under different behavioral contexts, and 2) variation in the vocal structure of a single call type may be influenced both by behavioral motivations and individual signature. We measured a total of 61 recordings of 30 adults while noting the behavioral activities in which individuals were engaged. We compared several acoustic parameters of the same call type emitted under different behavioral activities to determine how frequency and temporal parameters changed depending on behavioral motivations and individual differences.ResultsWe found that adult common coots had a small vocal repertoire, including 4 types of call, composed of a single syllable that was used during 9 types of behaviors. The 4 calls significantly differed in both frequency and temporal parameters and can be clearly distinguished by discriminant function analysis. Minimum frequency of fundamental frequency (F0min) and duration of syllable (T) contributed the most to acoustic divergence between calls. Callawas the most commonly used (in 8 of the 9 behaviors detected), and maximum frequency of fundamental frequency (F0max) and interval of syllables (TI) contributed the most to variation in calla. Duration of syllable (T) in a single callacan vary with different behavioral motivations after individual vocal signature being controlled.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that several call types of a small repertoire, and a single call with function-related changes in the temporal parameter in common coots could potentially indicate various behavioral motivations and individual signature. This study advances our knowledge of how Rallidae use “simple” vocal systems to express diverse motivations and provides new models for future studies on the role of vocalization in avian communication and behavior.
Engaging citizens living in vulnerable circumstances in research: a narrative review using a systematic search
Authors: Goedhart N. S. , Pittens C. A. C. M. , Tončinić S. , Zuiderent-Jerak T. , Dedding C. , Broerse J. E. W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough public engagement in research is increasingly popular, the involvement of citizens living in vulnerable circumstances is rarely realized. This narrative review aims to describe and critically analyse concerns and corresponding strategies, tools, and methods that could support the inclusion of these citizens in health research. The 40 studies that are included were thematically analysed using the socioecological model. Concerns originate most often on the intrapersonal level of the socioecological model, but concerns were also identified at institutional, community, and policy levels. It is thought-provoking that there is a lack of attention for the research and policy structure in which engagement practices are designed, implemented and evaluated. More research is needed to explore how these cultures could be changed in a way that promotes rather than restrains the engagement of citizens living in vulnerable circumstances in research and policymaking.
Surface stress calculations for nanoparticles and cavities in aluminum, silicon, and iron: influence of pressure and validity of the Young-Laplace equation
Authors: Pizzagalli Laurent , David Marie-Laure 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study is dedicated to the determination of the surface energy and stress of nanoparticles and cavities in presence of pressure, and to the evaluation of the accuracy of the Young-Laplace equation for these systems. Procedures are proposed to extract those quantities from classical interatomic potentials calculations, carried out for three distinct materials: aluminum, silicon, and iron. Our investigations first reveal the increase of surface energy and stress of nanoparticles as a function of pressure. On the contrary we find a significant decrease for cavities, which can be correlated to the initiation of plastic deformation at high pressure. We show that the Young-Laplace equation should not be used for quantitative predictions when the Laplace pressure is computed with a constant surface energy value, as usually done in the literature. Instead, a significant improvement is obtained by using the diameter and pressure-dependent surface stress. In that case, the Young-Laplace equation can be used with a reasonable accuracy at low pressures for nanoparticles with diameters as low as 4 nm, and 2 nm for cavities. At lower sizes, or high pressures, a severely limiting factor is the challenge of extracting meaningful surface stress values.
Recent advances in engineering crop plants for resistance to insect pests
Authors: Kamatham Shilpa , Munagapati Sandhya , Manikanta Kota Neela , Vulchi Rohith , Chadipiralla Kiranmai , Indla Sri Hari , Allam Uday Sankar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
While the rapidly increasing global population has led to a dramatically increased demand for the agricultural production, there have been heavy economic losses owing to various pest attacks on different food crops. The advancement of various biotechnological techniques have come as a boon in addressing the global concern and leads to the development of novel varieties that have proven to be highly economical, pesticide resistant and environmentally safe.

Main body
The present review was aimed to update the recent developments that have taken place in the field of crop production. Major focus was laid predominantly on such genes that have demonstrated positive effects and proved to be of commercial success at the market primarily due to the development of pest-resistant transgenic food crops with expression of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. This technology has been effective against a wide range of pests including coleopterans, lepidopterans, hemipterans, dipterans, strongylida (nematodes) and rhabditida. In similar lines various plant derived toxic proteins were also discussed along with different genes that code for insect resistant proteins such as δ-endotoxins and secreted toxins. This article also helps in understanding the structural features of the genes that are endowed with insect resistance followed by their mechanism of action on pests. Further the role of secondary metabolites in controlling the pests was addressed. The Pros and Cons of existing tools of insect pest management were demonstrated.

Conclusions
Novel technologies are necessary in crop improvement to progress the pace of the breeding programs, to confer insect resistance in crop plants. Therefore, the future aim of crop biotechnology is to engineer a sustainable, multi-mechanistic resistance to insect pests considering the diversity of plant responses to insect attack.
2021 recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the gynecological and obstetric care of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Oliveira Fabiola Reis , Valim Valeria , Pasoto Sandra Gofinet , Fernandes Marilena Leal Mesquita Silvestre , Lopes Maria Lucia Lemos , de Magalhães Souza Fialho Sonia Cristina , Pinheiro Aysa César , dos Santos Laura Caldas , Appenzeller Simone , Fidelix Tania , Ribeiro Sandra Lucia Euzébio , de Brito Danielle Christinne Soares Egypto , Libório Tatiana , Santos Maria Carmen Lopes Ferreira Silva , Tanure Leandro , Gennari Juliana DAgostino , Civile Vinicius Tassoni , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Rocha-Filho César Ramos , Miyamoto Samira Tatiyama , Guedes Lissiane Karine Noronha , Pugliesi Alisson , Trevisani Virginia Fernandes Moça 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs. Women with SS often experience gynecological symptoms due to the disease and need extra care regarding their sexual activity, reproductive health and during pregnancy, conditions that are not properly conducted in the clinical practice. To cover this gap, a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the identification of symptoms, diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and treatment of these manifestations. A Focus Group meeting was held and included experts in the field and methodologists, based on a previously developed script, with themes related to the objective of the study. The most important topics were summarized and 11 recommendations were provided.
Does intraoperative mechanical prophylaxis prevent venous thromboembolism in total knee arthroplasty? – effectiveness of passive-assisted ankle motion in surgical/non-surgical side
Authors: Tateiwa Toshiyuki , Ishida Tsunehito , Masaoka Toshinori , Shishido Takaaki , Takahashi Yasuhito , Nishida Jun , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Gradual compression stocking (GCS) and intermittent pneumatic compression device (IPCD) are used for intraoperative mechanical prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we applied a passive-assisted ankle motion in combination with GCS and IPCD during TKA and evaluated its effectiveness in preventing postoperative VTE.

Methods
We included 77 patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA. Patients were divided into group A (53 patients who underwent GCS and IPCD on their non-surgical side limb) and group B (24 patients who underwent passive ankle dorsiflexion motion in addition to GCS and IPCD on their non-surgical side limb). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was assessed using lower extremity ultrasonography (US). The incidence of VTE in each affected limb was compared between the two groups.

Results
US was performed 4 days after surgery on average. The incidence of DVT in groups A and B was 47.2 and 70.8 %, respectively. In group A, 22.6 % of DVTs were found only on the surgical side, 11.3 % on the non-surgical side, and 13.2 % on both sides. On the other hand, in group B, 41.7 % of DVTs were found only on the surgical side, 4.2 % on the non-surgical side, and 25.0 % on both sides. No significant difference in the incidence of VTE was noted between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
The intraoperative application of passive ankle motion plus GCS and IPCD might not further reduce the incidence of postoperative DVT in TKA patients.
Evaluation of textural-based radiomics features for differentiation of COVID-19 pneumonia from non-COVID pneumonia
Authors: Soleymani Yunus , Jahanshahi Amir Reza , Hefzi Maryam , Fazel Ghaziani Mona , Pourfarshid Amin , Khezerloo Davood 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The false-positive rate of computed tomography (CT) images in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a challenge for the management in the pandemic. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the textural radiomics features on chest CT images of COVID-19 pneumonia patients and compare them with those of non-COVID pneumonia. This is a retrospective study. Some textural radiomics features were extracted from the CT images of 66 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and 40 with non-COVID pneumonia. For radiomics analysis, the regions of interest (ROIs) were manually identified inside the pulmonary ground-glass opacities. For each ROI, 12 textural features were obtained and, then, statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences in these features between the two study groups.

Results
8 of the 12 texture features demonstrated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in two groups, with COVID-19 pneumonia lesions tending to be more heterogeneous in comparison with the non-COVID cases. Among the 8 significant features, only two (homogeneity and energy) were found to be higher in non-COVID cases.

Conclusions
Textural radiomics features can be used for differentiating COVID-19 pneumonia from non-COVID pneumonia, as a non-invasive method, and help with better prognosis and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
Reflective writing: a tool to support continuous learning and improved effectiveness in implementation facilitators
Authors: Olmos-Ochoa Tanya T. , Fenwick Karissa M. , Ganz David A. , Chawla Neetu , Penney Lauren S. , Barnard Jenny M. , Miake-Lye Isomi M. , Hamilton Alison B. , Finley Erin P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Implementation facilitators support the adoption of evidence-based practices and other improvement efforts in complex healthcare settings. Facilitators are trained to develop essential facilitation skills and facilitator effectiveness is typically evaluated post-implementation, but little is known about how facilitators apply and adapt didactic knowledge after training, or how learning and refining experiential knowledge occurs during the facilitation process. We propose the use of reflective writing as a tool to document and support facilitator learning and facilitator effectiveness.

Methods
Using an instrumental case study of the Coordination Toolkit and Coaching (CTAC) project, we explore the use of reflective writing by facilitators to support their learning and effectiveness. Six primary care clinics participated in weekly hour-long facilitation calls over a 12-month period to implement quality improvement projects related to care coordination. Two facilitators completed templated reflections after each facilitation call for their assigned sites, totaling 269 reflections. We used the declarative-procedural-reflective model, which defines the process of skill development in clinical practice, to qualitatively analyze the reflections. Two independent coders used content analysis principles to code text that captured facilitators’ observations, evaluations, interpretations, and communication. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze reflections by facilitator and by code within and across reflections.

Results
CTAC facilitators primarily used the reflections to summarize the calls (observation), assess the facilitation process and the tasks and activities they used (evaluation), document their thoughts about how to improve their own effectiveness (interpretation), and describe their communication with implementing teams. Ninety-one percent of reflections included observations, 42% interpretation, 41% evaluation, and 44% facilitator communication. In total, we coded 677 segments of text within reflections: 39% represented observation, 20% interpretation, 18% evaluation, and 23% facilitator communication.

Conclusions
The process of reflective writing allowed the CTAC facilitators the time and structure to evaluate their facilitation and to think critically about how to adjust their facilitation in response to their observations and interpretations. Reflective writing is a feasible and acceptable tool to support and document facilitator learning and effectiveness.

Trial registration
The project was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03063294) on February 24, 2017.
Role of bile acids in the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-induced liver cirrhosis
Authors: Khalil Ashraf , Elsheashaey Azza , Abdelsameea Eman , Obada Manar , Mohamed Bayomy F. F. , El-Said Hala 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Bile acids are essential organic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and regarded as indicators of hepatobiliary impairment; however, their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. The study aimed to examine the feasibility of bile acids in distinguishing HCC from post hepatitis C virus liver cirrhosis. A UPLC/MS was used to measure 14 bile acids in patients with noncirrhotic HCV disease (n = 50), cirrhotic HCV disease (n = 50), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 50), and control group (n = 50).

Results
The progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC was associated with a significant increase in serum bile acids compared to the normal or the noncirrhotic HCV disease (p < 0.05). The fold changes in bile acids concentrations showed a trend that HCC > cirrhotic HCV disease > noncirrhotic HCV disease. Four conjugated acids GCA, GCDCA, GUDCA, and TCDCA steadily increased across the different groups. ROC curves analysis revealed that these bile acids discriminated noncirrhotic liver patients from HCC (AUC 0.850–0.963), with a weaker potential to distinguish chronic liver cirrhosis from HCC (AUC 0.414–0.638).

Conclusion
The level of serum bile acid was associated primarily with liver cirrhosis, with little value in predicting the progress of chronic liver cirrhotic disease into hepatocellular carcinoma.
Smart computational light microscopes (SCLMs) of smart computational imaging laboratory (SCILab)
Authors: Fan Yao , Li Jiaji , Lu Linpeng , Sun Jiasong , Hu Yan , Zhang Jialin , Li Zhuoshi , Shen Qian , Wang Bowen , Zhang Runnan , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComputational microscopy, as a subfield of computational imaging, combines optical manipulation and image algorithmic reconstruction to recover multi-dimensional microscopic images or information of micro-objects. In recent years, the revolution in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), low-cost consumer image sensors, modern digital computers, and smartphones provide fertile opportunities for the rapid development of computational microscopy. Consequently, diverse forms of computational microscopy have been invented, including digital holographic microscopy (DHM), transport of intensity equation (TIE), differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy, lens-free on-chip holography, and Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM). These computational microscopy techniques not only provide high-resolution, label-free, quantitative phase imaging capability but also decipher new and advanced biomedical research and industrial applications. Nevertheless, most computational microscopy techniques are still at an early stage of “proof of concept” or “proof of prototype” (based on commercially available microscope platforms). Translating those concepts to stand-alone optical instruments for practical use is an essential step for the promotion and adoption of computational microscopy by the wider bio-medicine, industry, and education community. In this paper, we present four smart computational light microscopes (SCLMs) developed by our laboratory, i.e., smart computational imaging laboratory (SCILab) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), China. These microscopes are empowered by advanced computational microscopy techniques, including digital holography, TIE, DPC, lensless holography, and FPM, which not only enables multi-modal contrast-enhanced observations for unstained specimens, but also can recover their three-dimensional profiles quantitatively. We introduce their basic principles, hardware configurations, reconstruction algorithms, and software design, quantify their imaging performance, and illustrate their typical applications for cell analysis, medical diagnosis, and microlens characterization.