bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscale Physiological Events on the Human Cortical Surface
Authors: Paulk Angelique C , Yang Jimmy C , Cleary Daniel R , Soper Daniel J , Halgren Mila , O’Donnell Alexandra R , Lee Sang Heon , Ganji Mehran , Ro Yun Goo , Oh Hongseok , Hossain Lorraine , Lee Jihwan , Tchoe Youngbin , Rogers Nicholas , Kiliç Kivilcim , Ryu Sang Baek , Lee Seung Woo , Hermiz John , Gilja Vikash , Ulbert István , Fabó Daniel , Thesen Thomas , Doyle Werner K , Devinsky Orrin , Madsen Joseph R , Schomer Donald L , Eskandar Emad N , Lee Jong Woo , Maus Douglas , Devor Anna , Fried Shelley I , Jones Pamela S , Nahed Brian V , Ben-Haim Sharona , Bick Sarah K , Richardson Robert Mark , Raslan Ahmed M , Siler Dominic A , Cahill Daniel P , Williams Ziv M , Cosgrove G Rees , Dayeh Shadi A , Cash Sydney S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite ongoing advances in our understanding of local single-cellular and network-level activity of neuronal populations in the human brain, extraordinarily little is known about their “intermediate” microscale local circuit dynamics. Here, we utilized ultra-high-density microelectrode arrays and a rare opportunity to perform intracranial recordings across multiple cortical areas in human participants to discover three distinct classes of cortical activity that are not locked to ongoing natural brain rhythmic activity. The first included fast waveforms similar to extracellular single-unit activity. The other two types were discrete events with slower waveform dynamics and were found preferentially in upper cortical layers. These second and third types were also observed in rodents, nonhuman primates, and semi-chronic recordings from humans via laminar and Utah array microelectrodes. The rates of all three events were selectively modulated by auditory and electrical stimuli, pharmacological manipulation, and cold saline application and had small causal co-occurrences. These results suggest that the proper combination of high-resolution microelectrodes and analytic techniques can capture neuronal dynamics that lay between somatic action potentials and aggregate population activity. Understanding intermediate microscale dynamics in relation to single-cell and network dynamics may reveal important details about activity in the full cortical circuit.
Large-Scale Phenomic and Genomic Analysis of Brain Asymmetrical Skew
Authors: Kong Xiang-Zhen , Postema Merel , Schijven Dick , Castillo Amaia Carrión , Pepe Antonietta , Crivello Fabrice , Joliot Marc , Mazoyer Bernard , Fisher Simon E , Francks Clyde 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe human cerebral hemispheres show a left–right asymmetrical torque pattern, which has been claimed to be absent in chimpanzees. The functional significance and developmental mechanisms are unknown. Here, we carried out the largest-ever analysis of global brain shape asymmetry in magnetic resonance imaging data. Three population datasets were used, UK Biobank (N = 39 678), Human Connectome Project (N = 1113), and BIL&GIN (N = 453). At the population level, there was an anterior and dorsal skew of the right hemisphere, relative to the left. Both skews were associated independently with handedness, and various regional gray and white matter metrics oppositely in the two hemispheres, as well as other variables related to cognitive functions, sociodemographic factors, and physical and mental health. The two skews showed single nucleotide polymorphisms-based heritabilities of 4–13%, but also substantial polygenicity in causal mixture model analysis, and no individually significant loci were found in genome-wide association studies for either skew. There was evidence for a significant genetic correlation between horizontal brain skew and autism, which requires future replication. These results provide the first large-scale description of population-average brain skews and their inter-individual variations, their replicable associations with handedness, and insights into biological and other factors which associate with human brain asymmetry.
A Tapered-pulsed Fidaxomicin Regimen Following Treatment in Patients With Multiple Clostridioides difficile Infection Recurrences
Authors: Skinner Andrew M , Tan Xing , Sirbu Benjamin D , Danziger Larry H , Gerding Dale N , Johnson Stuart 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We treated 46 patients with multiple recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (mrCDI) using a tapered-pulsed (T-P) fidaxomicin regimen, the majority of whom failed prior T-P vancomycin treatment. Sustained clinical response rates at 30 and 90 days were 74% (34/46) and 61% (28/46). T-P fidaxomicin shows promise for management of mrCDI.
Risk Factors Associated With Hospital Readmission and Costs for Pouchitis
Authors: Gonzalez Adalberto , Gupta Kapil , Rahman Asad Ur , Wadhwa Vaibhav , Shen Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Pouchitis is the most common long-term complication in patients with restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. This study aimed to identify readmission rates for pouchitis and risk factors associated with readmissions in an extensive national database.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis using the National Readmission Database to determine if patient demographics and clinical characteristics were predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days for adult patients (age &gt;18 years) discharged with a principal diagnosis of pouchitis (ICD-9 code—569.71) from January 2013 to December 2013. Both univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess factors associated with 30-day readmission.

Results
A total of 1538 patients with pouchitis who were discharged alive were identified. 10.2% [95% confidence interval: 7.6, 12.7] of these were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. The average days to readmission were 18.6 ± 1.01. Multivariable analysis of risk factors associated with readmission showed older age as a protective factor for readmission [odds ratio (OR) = 0.88 (0.81, 0.96); P &lt; 0.005]. Sex and the presence of permanent ileostomy were not associated with readmission in patients with pouchitis. The length of stay during readmissions was associated with postoperative wound infection [OR = 7.7 (94.0, 11.30); P &lt; 0.001], ileus [OR = 4.5 (1.6, 7.4); P &lt; 0.002], permanent ileostomy [OR = 3.7 (1.7, 5.7); P &lt; 0.001], and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [OR = 3.2 (1.06, 5.3); P &lt; 0.003].

Conclusions
Readmissions in pouchitis patients are frequent. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ileus, permanent ileostomy, and postoperative wound infection is associated with increased length of stay in readmissions.
Ethics in an Epidemic: Nine Issues to Consider
Authors: Raines James C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article addresses nine ethical concerns facing school social workers during an epidemic and other emergency situations when they must rely on electronic communication platforms, such as Doxy.me, Skype, or Zoom. These issues of concern are use of appropriate terminology, client self-determination, technological competence, informed consent, confidentiality, boundary issues, social justice, record keeping, and professional self-care. The article combines research on the psychosocial effects of quarantine on students and their families and data about the effectiveness of telemental health. It provides legal expectations from the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act as well as ethical guidance from the American Telemedicine Association and the National Association of Social Workers’ Code of Ethics to provide practical strategies about how to help students and their families during a time of prolonged stress. The article takes a strengths-based approach to crisis intervention by indicating both the advantages and the disadvantages of using electronic communication tools to provide continuity of care to clients.
Newly discovered 14th-century polyphony in Oxford
Authors: Mason Joseph W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fragments transmitting 14th-century polyphony were discovered in Oxford in 2018. These fragments were from a large book of motets, copied and used in England in the 14th century. A reconstruction of the original source is provided and the notation of the source is analysed. A hypothesis that the book was copied or used in 14th-century Oxford is offered.
Lifecourse-varying structural stigma, minority stress reactions and mental health among sexual minority male migrants
Authors: van der Star Arjan , Bränström Richard , Pachankis John E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence suggests that structural stigma (e.g. discriminatory laws, policies and population attitudes) can give rise to minority stress reactions (i.e. rejection sensitivity, internalized homophobia and identity concealment) to compromise sexual minorities’ mental health. Yet, many sexual minorities encounter divergent structural stigma climates over the life course, with potential implications for their experience of minority stress reactions and mental health. We take advantage of sexual minority male migrants’ lifecourse-varying exposures to structural stigma contexts to examine this possibility.

Methods
A sample of 247 sexual minority men who had migrated from 71 countries to the low-structural-stigma context of Sweden completed a survey regarding migration experiences, minority stress reactions and mental health. This survey was linked to objective indices of structural stigma present in these men’s countries of origin, diverse in terms of structural stigma.

Results
Country-of-origin structural stigma was significantly associated with poor mental health and this association was mediated by rejection sensitivity and internalized homophobia, but only among those who arrived to Sweden at an older age and more recently.

Conclusions
Prolonged exposure to high levels of structural stigma can give rise to stressful cognitive, affective and behavioural coping patterns to jeopardize sexual minority men’s mental health; yet, these consequences of structural stigma may wane with increased duration of exposure to more supportive structural contexts.
Airborne pollen concentrations and daily mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular causes
Authors: Jaakkola Jouni J K , Kiihamäki Simo-Pekka , Näyhä Simo , Ryti Niilo R I , Hugg Timo T , Jaakkola Maritta S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We conducted a time-series analysis of the relations between daily levels of allergenic pollen and mortality in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area with 153 378 deaths; 9742 from respiratory and 57 402 from cardiovascular causes. Daily (average) pollen counts of alder, birch, mugwort and grass were measured. In quasi-Poisson regression analysis, abundant alder pollen increased the risk of non-accidental deaths with an adjusted cumulative mortality rate ratio (acMRR) of 1.10 (95% CI 1.01–1.19) and of deaths from respiratory-diseases with acMRR of 1.78 (95% CI 1.19–2.65). Abundant mugwort pollen increased cardiovascular mortality (1.41, 1.02–1.95). These findings identify an important global public health problem.
Better air but not for all? Changes in second-hand smoke exposure at workplaces in 29 European countries over 10 years
Authors: Schneider Sven , Lunau Thorsten , Eikemo Terje A , Kotz Daniel , Bambra Clare , Kuntz Benjamin , Dragano Nico 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
As the largest study of its kind to date, this article aims to describe the scope, trends over time, socio-demographic risk groups and the association with different progressive regulations relating to workplace second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in 29 European countries during a period of high regulatory action.

Methods
Three waves of the European Working Conditions Surveys (2005, 2010 and 2015) were evaluated, including a total of 95 718 workers. The samples are representative for all employed residents of the 29 countries included. All interviews were conducted face-to-face at respondents’ homes (computer-assisted personal interviews). SHS exposure among the overall working population of 29 countries—including smokers—was examined. Workplace regimes were grouped corresponding to the sub-scale ‘workplace’ as used in the Tobacco Control Scale.

Results
Between 2005 and 2015, SHS exposure in the European countries declined from around 19.0% (95% CI 16.1–22.0) to 9.9% (8.3–11.5). High SHS-exposure was reported by workers with the lowest level of education [11.5% (9.7–13.2)], among high-skilled manual labourers [14.3% (12.1–16.4)] and among those without a standard employment contract [11.2% (9.3–13.1)]. The highest exposure was reported by workers in the food service industry [19.7% (16.8–22.6)]. Countries with less workplace-related smoking prevention regulations were found to have the highest overall levels of exposure.

Conclusion
This multinational series of cross-sectional surveys on the trends in passive smoking in the workplace have shown that countries with more comprehensive workplace smoking bans overall report lower levels of SHS exposure among their work force as compared with slow progressing countries.
Shannon entropy as a metric for conditional gene expression inNeurospora crassa
Authors: Ameri Abigail J , Lewis Zachary A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeurospora crassa has been an important model organism for molecular biology and genetics for over 60 years. Neurospora crassa has a complex life cycle, with over 28 distinct cell types and is capable of transcriptional responses to many environmental conditions including nutrient availability, temperature, and light. To quantify variation in N. crassa gene expression, we analyzed public expression data from 97 conditions and calculated the Shannon Entropy value for Neurospora’s approximately 11,000 genes. Entropy values can be used to estimate the variability in expression for a single gene over a range of conditions and be used to classify individual genes as constitutive or condition-specific. Shannon entropy has previously been used measure the degree of tissue specificity of multicellular plant or animal genes. We use this metric here to measure variable gene expression in a microbe and provide this information as a resource for the N. crassa research community. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this approach by using entropy values to identify genes with constitutive expression across a wide range of conditions and to identify genes that are activated exclusively during sexual development.
Integrated processing method for microseismic signal based on deep neural network
Authors: Zhang Hang , Ma Chunchi , Jiang Yupeng , Li Tianbin , Pazzi Veronica , Casagli Nicola 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYDenoising and onset time picking of signals are essential before extracting source information from collected seismic/microseismic data. We proposed an advanced deep dual-tasking network (DDTN) that integrates these two procedures sequentially to achieve the optimal performance. Two homo-structured encoder–decoder networks with specially designed structures and parameters are connected in series for handling the denoising and detection of microseismic signals. Based on the similarity of data types, the output of the denoising network will be imported into the detection network to obtain labels for the signal duration. The procedures of denoising and duration detection can be completed in an integrated way, where the denoised signals can improve the accuracy of onset time picking. Results show that the method has a good performance for the denoising of microseismic signals that contain various types and intensities of noise. Compared with existing methods, DDTN removes the noise with a minor waveform distortion. It is ideal for recovering the microseismic signal while maintaining a good capacity for onset time picking when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. Based on that, the second network can detect a more accurate duration of microseismic signals and thus obtain more accurate onset time. The method has great potential to be extended to the study of exploration seismology and earthquakes.
Phase-weighted slant stacking for surface wave dispersion measurement
Authors: Cheng Feng , Xia Jianghai , Zhang Kai , Zhou Changjiang , Ajo-Franklin Jonathan B 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARY
Surface wave retrieval from ambient noise records using seismic interferometry techniques has been widely used for multiscale shear wave velocity (Vs) imaging. One key step during Vs imaging is the generation of dispersion spectra and the extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from the retrieved surface waves. However, the sparse array geometry usually affects the ability for high-frequency (&gt;1 Hz) seismic signals’ acquisition. Dispersion measurements are degraded by array response due to sparse sampling and often present smeared dispersion spectra with sidelobe artefacts. Previous studies usually focus on interferograms’ domain (e.g. cross-correlation function) and attempt to enhance coherent signals before dispersion measurement. We propose an alternative technique to explicitly deblur dispersion spectra through use of a phase-weighted slant-stacking algorithm. Numerical examples demonstrate the strength of the proposed technique to attenuate array responses as well as incoherent noise. Three different field examples prove the flexibility and superiority of the proposed technique: the first data set consists of ambient noise records acquired using a nodal seismometer array; the second data set utilizes distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and a marine fibre-optic cable to acquire a similar ambient noise data set; the last data set is a vibrator-based active-source surface wave data. The enhanced dispersion measurements provide cleaner and higher-resolution spectra without distortions which will assist both human interpreters as well as ML algorithms in efficiently picking curves for subsequent Vs inversion.
Linear Periods of Automorphic Sheaves for GL2n
Authors: Lysenko S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We calculate, in the framework of the geometric Langlands program, the periods of cuspidal automorphic sheaves for $\operatorname{GL}_{2n}$ along the Levi subgroup $\operatorname{GL}_n\times \operatorname{GL}_n$. We also solve the corresponding local problem.
Borel and Volume Classes for Dense Representations of Discrete Groups
Authors: Farre James 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We show that the bounded Borel class of any dense representation $\rho : G\to{\operatorname{PSL}}_n{\mathbb{C}}$ is non-zero in degree three bounded cohomology and has maximal semi-norm, for any discrete group $G$. When $n=2$, the Borel class is equal to the three-dimensional hyperbolic volume class. Using tools from the theory of Kleinian groups, we show that the volume class of a dense representation $\rho : G\to{\operatorname{PSL}}_2{\mathbb{C}}$ is uniformly separated in semi-norm from any other representation $\rho ^{\prime}: G\to{\operatorname{PSL}}_2 {\mathbb{C}}$ for which there is a subgroup $H\le G$ on which $\rho $ is still dense but $\rho ^{\prime}$ is discrete or indiscrete but stabilizes a point, line, or plane in ${\mathbb{H}}^3\cup \partial{\mathbb{H}}^3$. We exhibit a family of dense representations of a non-abelian free group on two letters and a family of discontinuous dense representations of ${\operatorname{PSL}}_2{\mathbb{R}}$, whose volume classes are linearly independent and satisfy some additional properties; the cardinality of these families is that of the continuum. We explain how the strategy employed may be used to produce non-trivial volume classes in higher dimensions, contingent on the existence of a family of hyperbolic manifolds with certain topological and geometric properties.
Anti-mutant efficacy of antibiotic combinations: in vitro model studies with linezolid and daptomycin
Authors: Zinner Stephen H , Alieva Kamilla N , Golikova Maria V , Strukova Elena N , Portnoy Yury A , Firsov Alexander A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To explore whether linezolid/daptomycin combinations can restrict Staphylococcus aureus resistance and if this restriction is associated with changes in the mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of the antibiotics in combination, the enrichment of resistant mutants was studied in an in vitro dynamic model.

Methods
Two MRSA strains, vancomycin-intermediate resistant ATCC 700699 and vancomycin-susceptible 2061 (both susceptible to linezolid and daptomycin), and their linezolid-resistant mutants selected by passaging on antibiotic-containing medium were used in the study. MPCs of antibiotics in combination were determined at a linezolid-to-daptomycin concentration ratio (1:2) that corresponds to the ratio of 24 h AUCs (AUC24s) actually used in the pharmacokinetic simulations. Each S. aureus strain was supplemented with respective linezolid-resistant mutants (mutation frequency 10−8) and treated with twice-daily linezolid and once-daily daptomycin, alone and in combination, simulated at therapeutic and sub-therapeutic AUC24s.

Results
Numbers of linezolid-resistant mutants increased at therapeutic and sub-therapeutic AUC24s, whereas daptomycin-resistant mutants were enriched only at sub-therapeutic AUC24 in single drug treatments. Linezolid/daptomycin combinations prevented the enrichment of linezolid-resistant S. aureus and restricted the enrichment of daptomycin-resistant mutants. The pronounced anti-mutant effects of the combinations were attributed to lengthening the time above MPC of both linezolid and daptomycin as their MPCs were lowered.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that (i) the inhibition of S. aureus resistant mutants using linezolid/daptomycin combinations can be predicted by MPCs determined at pharmacokinetically derived antibiotic concentration ratios and (ii) T&gt;MPC is a reliable predictor of the anti-mutant efficacy of antibiotic combinations as studied using in vitro dynamic models.
Validation of the Applied Food Diagnostics, Inc. Molecular Environmental Monitoring Program (MEMP) Listeria Assay for Detection of Listeria Spp. in Environmental Surface Samples: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 052003
Authors: Lonczynski Thomas , Cowin Laura 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The Molecular Environmental Monitoring Program (MEMP) Listeria Assay is a quick, reliable method for detecting Listeria species in environmental samples. The assay incorporates a real-time PCR approach to identifying Listeria cells expressed from the swab sample. The assay does not require an enrichment step, leading to much faster time to a negative result.

Objective
This report details the method validation study to validate the MEMP using environmental surface swabs for stainless steel, plastic, rubber, ceramic tile, and sealed concrete.

Method
Matrix studies, inclusivity/exclusivity, product consistency and stability, and robustness testing were conducted to assess the method’s performance. In the matrix studies, this method was compared to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Chapter 10 for environmental surface sponges and swabs.

Results
Inclusivity and exclusivity testing showed that the MEMP Listeria Assay was able to detect all 75 Listeria strains tested while excluding the 30 non-Listeria species. There were no statistically significant differences found between the candidate and reference methods. Small variations in critical test parameters (volume of extraction reagent and volume of extracted DNA sample) did not adversely affect the assay’s performance, and stability testing indicated consistent results for at least 1 year.

Conclusions
The data presented in this report show that the candidate method performed as well as the reference method and can therefore be used in place of the reference method for detecting Listeria species.

Highlights
The MEMP Listeria Assay requires no enrichment for detecting Listeria on environmental surfaces.