bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does air pollution affect housing rental prices in Chile? An economic assessment of PM2.5 concentration across Chilean communes
Authors: Gómez Katty , Iturra Victor 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses a serious environmental concern in Chile: PM2.5 concentration, a health threat especially affecting the population living in the central and southern communes of Chile. Using housing data for 312 spatial units, along with interpolation techniques to predict air pollution for communes with missing information, we find that, on average, 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 produces a decrease of 4.1 per cent in housing rental prices. These estimates also show an important upward bias in the estimated coefficient when the endogeneity of air pollution is not addressed. An average Chilean household would be willing to pay US$12.31 per month for a one-unit reduction in PM2.5 concentration. Similar monetary values have been found in previous studies for both México and Chile. As with PM2.5 concentration, the average marginal willingness to pay exhibits marked differences across communes. From these results, the study addresses some policy implications and proposes avenues for future research.
ON A CERTAIN LOCAL IDENTITY FOR LAPID–MAO’S CONJECTURE AND FORMAL DEGREE CONJECTURE : EVEN UNITARY GROUP CASE
Authors: Morimoto Kazuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLapid and Mao formulated a conjecture on an explicit formula of Whittaker–Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms on quasi-split reductive groups and metaplectic groups as an analogue of the Ichino–Ikeda conjecture. They also showed that this conjecture is reduced to a certain local identity in the case of unitary groups. In this article, we study the even unitary-group case. Indeed, we prove this local identity over p-adic fields. Further, we prove an equivalence between this local identity and a refined formal degree conjecture over any local field of characteristic zero. As a consequence, we prove a refined formal degree conjecture over p-adic fields and get an explicit formula of Whittaker–Fourier coefficients under certain assumptions.
LOSIK CLASSES FOR CODIMENSION-ONE FOLIATIONS
Authors: Bazaikin Yaroslav V. , Galaev Anton S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFollowing Losik’s approach to Gelfand’s formal geometry, certain characteristic classes for codimension-one foliations coming from the Gelfand-Fuchs cohomology are considered. Sufficient conditions for nontriviality in terms of dynamical properties of generators of the holonomy groups are found. The nontriviality for the Reeb foliations is shown; this is in contrast with some classical theorems on the Godbillon-Vey class; for example, the Mizutani-Morita-Tsuboi theorem about triviality of the Godbillon-Vey class of foliations almost without holonomy is not true for the classes under consideration. It is shown that the considered classes are trivial for a large class of foliations without holonomy. The question of triviality is related to ergodic theory of dynamical systems on the circle and to the problem of smooth conjugacy of local diffeomorphisms. Certain classes are obstructions for the existence of transverse affine and projective connections.
ATIYAH CLASS AND CHERN CHARACTER FOR GLOBAL MATRIX FACTORISATIONS
Authors: Kim Bumsig , Polishchuk Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe define the Atiyah class for global matrix factorisations and use it to give a formula for the categorical Chern character and the boundary-bulk map for matrix factorisations, generalising the formula in the local case obtained in [12]. Our approach is based on developing the Lie algebra analogies observed by Kapranov [7] and Markarian [9].
Observations of Particle Loss due to Injection‐Associated Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves
Authors: Kim Hyomin , Schiller Quintin , Engebretson Mark J. , Noh Sungjun , Kuzichev Ilya , Lanzerotti Louis J. , Gerrard Andrew J. , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Lessard Marc R. , Spence Harlan E. , Lee Dae‐Young , Matzka Jürgen , Fromm Tanja 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report on observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and their interactions with injected ring current particles and high energy radiation belt electrons. The magnetic field experiment aboard the twin Van Allen Probes spacecraft measured EMIC waves near L = 5.5–6. Particle data from the spacecraft show that the waves were associated with particle injections. The wave activity was also observed by a ground‐based magnetometer near the spacecraft geomagnetic footprint over a more extensive temporal range. Phase space density profiles, calculated from directional differential electron flux data from Van Allen Probes, show that there was a significant energy‐dependent relativistic electron dropout over a limited L‐shell range during and after the EMIC wave activity. In addition, the NOAA spacecraft observed relativistic electron precipitation associated with the EMIC waves near the footprint of the Van Allen Probes spacecraft. The observations suggest EMIC wave‐induced relativistic electron loss in the radiation belt.
Integrin alpha5 in human breast cancer is a mediator of bone metastasis and a therapeutic target for the treatment of osteolytic lesions
Authors: Pantano Francesco , Croset Martine , Driouch Keltouma , Bednarz-Knoll Natalia , Iuliani Michele , Ribelli Giulia , Bonnelye Edith , Wikman Harriet , Geraci Sandra , Bonin Florian , Simonetti Sonia , Vincenzi Bruno , Hong Saw See , Sousa Sofia , Pantel Klaus , Tonini Giuseppe , Santini Daniele , Clézardin Philippe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBone metastasis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in breast cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better select high-risk patients in order to adapt patient’s treatment and prevent bone recurrence. Here, we found that integrin alpha5 (ITGA5) was highly expressed in bone metastases, compared to lung, liver, or brain metastases. High ITGA5 expression in primary tumors correlated with the presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates from early stage breast cancer patients (n = 268; p = 0.039). ITGA5 was also predictive of poor bone metastasis-free survival in two separate clinical data sets (n = 855, HR = 1.36, p = 0.018 and n = 427, HR = 1.62, p = 0.024). This prognostic value remained significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.028). Experimentally, ITGA5 silencing impaired tumor cell adhesion to fibronectin, migration, and survival. ITGA5 silencing also reduced tumor cell colonization of the bone marrow and formation of osteolytic lesions in vivo. Conversely, ITGA5 overexpression promoted bone metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of ITGA5 with humanized monoclonal antibody M200 (volociximab) recapitulated inhibitory effects of ITGA5 silencing on tumor cell functions in vitro and tumor cell colonization of the bone marrow in vivo. M200 also markedly reduced tumor outgrowth in experimental models of bone metastasis or tumorigenesis, and blunted cancer-associated bone destruction. ITGA5 was not only expressed by tumor cells but also osteoclasts. In this respect, M200 decreased human osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vitro. Overall, this study identifies ITGA5 as a mediator of breast-to-bone metastasis and raises the possibility that volociximab/M200 could be repurposed for the treatment of ITGA5-positive breast cancer patients with bone metastases.
PRMT1 enhances oncogenic arginine methylation of NONO in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yin Xin-Ke , Wang Yun-Long , Wang Fei , Feng Wei-Xing , Bai Shao-Mei , Zhao Wan-Wen , Feng Li-Li , Wei Ming-Biao , Qin Cao-Litao , Wang Fang , Chen Zhi-Li , Yi Hong-Jun , Huang Yan , Xie Pei-Yi , Kim Taewan , Wang Ying-Nai , Hou Jun-Wei , Li Chia-Wei , Liu Quentin , Fan Xin-Juan , Hung Mien-Chie , Wan Xiang-Bo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArginine methylation is an important posttranslational modification catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). However, the role of PRMTs in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is not well understood. Here we report that non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) is overexpressed in CRC tissue and is a potential marker for poor prognosis in CRC patients. NONO silencing resulted in decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, whereas overexpression had the opposite effect. In a xenograft model, tumors derived from NONO-deficient CRC cells were smaller than those derived from wild-type (WT) cells, and PRMT1 inhibition blocked CRC xenograft progression. A mass spectrometry analysis indicated that NONO is a substrate of PRMT1. R251 of NONO was asymmetrically dimethylated by PRMT1 in vitro and in vivo. Compared to NONO WT cells, NONO R251K mutant-expressing CRC cells showed reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion, and PRMT1 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition abrogated the malignant phenotype associated with NONO asymmetric dimethylation in both KRAS WT and mutant CRC cells. Compared to adjacent normal tissue, PRMT1 was highly expressed in the CRC zone in clinical specimens, which was correlated with poor overall survival in patients with locally advanced CRC. These results demonstrate that PRMT1-mediated methylation of NONO at R251 promotes CRC growth and metastasis, and suggest that PRMT1 inhibition may be an effective therapeutic strategy for CRC treatment regardless of KRAS mutation status.
Diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex (CuET) inhibits colorectal cancer progression via miR-16-5p and 15b-5p/ALDH1A3/PKM2 axis-mediated aerobic glycolysis pathway
Authors: Huang Xin , Hou Yichao , Weng Xiaoling , Pang Wenjing , Hou Lidan , Liang Yu , Wang Yu , Du Leilei , Wu Tianqi , Yao Mengfei , Wang Jianhua , Meng Xiangjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExploring novel anticancer drugs to optimize the efficacy may provide a benefit for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Disulfiram (DSF), as an antialcoholism drug, is metabolized into diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex (CuET) in vivo, which has been reported to exert the anticancer effects on various tumors in preclinical studies. However, little is known about whether CuET plays an anti-cancer role in CRC. In this study, we found that CuET had a marked effect on suppressing CRC progression both in vitro and in vivo by reducing glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, using RNA-seq analysis, we identified ALDH1A3 as a target gene of CuET, which promoted cell viability and the capacity of clonal formation and inhibited apoptosis in CRC cells. MicroRNA (miR)-16-5p and 15b-5p were shown to synergistically regulate ALDH1A3, which was negatively correlated with both of them and inversely correlated with the survival of CRC patients. Notably, using co-immunoprecipitation followed with mass spectrometry assays, we identified PKM2 as a direct downstream effector of ALDH1A3 that stabilized PKM2 by reducing ubiquitination. Taken together, we disclose that CuET treatment plays an active role in inhibiting CRC progression via miR-16-5p and 15b-5p/ALDH1A3/PKM2 axis–mediated aerobic glycolysis pathway.
Emerging role of SWI/SNF complex deficiency as a target of immune checkpoint blockade in human cancers
Authors: Zhou Min , Yuan Jianlong , Deng Yaqi , Fan Xianqun , Shen Jianfeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMammalian SWI/SNF complex is a key chromatin remodeler that reshapes nucleosomes and regulates DNA accessibility. Mutations in SWI/SNF subunits are found in a broad spectrum of human cancers; however, the mechanisms of how these aberrations of SWI/SNF complex would impact tumorigenesis and cancer therapeutics remain to be elucidated. Studies have demonstrated that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is promising in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, suitable biomarkers that reliably predict the clinical response to ICB are still lacking. Emerging evidence has suggested that SWI/SNF components play novel roles in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity, and SWI/SNF deficiency can be therapeutically targeted by ICB. These findings manifest the prominence of the SWI/SNF complex as a stratification biomarker that predicts treatment (therapeutic) response to ICB. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ICB therapy by harnessing the cancer-specific vulnerability elicited by SWI/SNF deficiency. We provide novel insights into a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which SWI/SNF functions as a modulator of anti-tumor immunity.
Phosphorus deficiencies invoke optimal allocation of exoenzymes by ectomycorrhizas
Authors: Meeds Justin A , Kranabetter J Marty , Zigg Ieva , Dunn Dave , Miros François , Shipley Paul , Jones Melanie D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi can acquire phosphorus (P) through the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (exoenzymes), but it is unclear as to the manner and extent native EM fungal communities respond to declining soil P availability. We examined the activity of six exoenzymes (xylosidase, N-acetyl glucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphomonoesterase, acid phosphodiesterase [APD], laccase) from EM roots of Pseudotsuga menzesii across a soil podzolization gradient of coastal British Columbia. We found that APD activity increased fourfold in a curvilinear association with declining inorganic P. Exoenzyme activity was not related to organic P content, but at a finer resolution using 31P-NMR, there was a strong positive relationship between APD activity and the ratio of phosphodiesters to orthophosphate of surface organic horizons (forest floors). Substantial increases (two- to fivefold) in most exoenzymes were aligned with declining foliar P concentrations of P. menzesii, but responses were statistically better in relation to foliar nitrogen (N):P ratios. EM fungal species with consistently high production of key exoenzymes were exclusive to Podzol plots. Phosphorus deficiencies in relation to N limitations may provide the best predictor of exoenzyme investment, reflecting an optimal allocation strategy for EM fungi. Resource constraints contribute to species turnover and the assembly of distinct, well-adapted EM fungal communities.
When less is more: regarding the use of chest X-ray instead of computed tomography in screening for pulmonary metastasis in postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Braga Antonio , Elias Kevin Meyer , Horowitz Neil Stuart , Berkowitz Ross Stuart 
Published: January 2021

SummaryWe discuss the use of chest computed tomography (CT) in the initial screening for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) metastases. Chest CT does not influence overall treatment outcome or the time to remission. We endorse the FIGO recommendation for the screening of GTN metastases should be done with chest X-ray.
Tissue-specific transcriptional imprinting and heterogeneity in human innate lymphoid cells revealed by full-length single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Mazzurana Luca , Czarnewski Paulo , Jonsson Viktor , Wigge Leif , Ringnér Markus , Williams Teresa C. , Ravindran Avinash , Björklund Åsa K. , Säfholm Jesper , Nilsson Gunnar , Dahlén Sven-Erik , Orre Ann-Charlotte , Al-Ameri Mamdoh , Höög Charlotte , Hedin Charlotte , Szczegielniak Sylwester , Almer Sven , Mjösberg Jenny 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe impact of the microenvironment on innate lymphoid cell (ILC)-mediated immunity in humans remains largely unknown. Here we used full-length Smart-seq2 single-cell RNA-sequencing to unravel tissue-specific transcriptional profiles and heterogeneity of CD127+ ILCs across four human tissues. Correlation analysis identified gene modules characterizing the migratory properties of tonsil and blood ILCs, and signatures of tissue-residency, activation and modified metabolism in colon and lung ILCs. Trajectory analysis revealed potential differentiation pathways from circulating and tissue-resident naïve ILCs to a spectrum of mature ILC subsets. In the lung we identified both CRTH2+ and CRTH2− ILC2 with lung-specific signatures, which could be recapitulated by alarmin-exposure of circulating ILC2. Finally, we describe unique TCR-V(D)J-rearrangement patterns of blood ILC1-like cells, revealing a subset of potentially immature ILCs with TCR-δ rearrangement. Our study provides a useful resource for in-depth understanding of ILC-mediated immunity in humans, with implications for disease.
Establishment of intestinal organoid cultures modeling injury-associated epithelial regeneration
Authors: Qu Molong , Xiong Liang , Lyu Yulin , Zhang Xiannian , Shen Jie , Guan Jingyang , Chai Peiyuan , Lin Zhongqing , Nie Boyao , Li Cheng , Xu Jun , Deng Hongkui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe capacity of 3D organoids to mimic physiological tissue organization and functionality has provided an invaluable tool to model development and disease in vitro. However, conventional organoid cultures primarily represent the homeostasis of self-organizing stem cells and their derivatives. Here, we established a novel intestinal organoid culture system composed of 8 components, mainly including VPA, EPZ6438, LDN193189, and R-Spondin 1 conditioned medium, which mimics the gut epithelium regeneration that produces hyperplastic crypts following injury; therefore, these organoids were designated hyperplastic intestinal organoids (Hyper-organoids). Single-cell RNA sequencing identified different regenerative stem cell populations in our Hyper-organoids that shared molecular features with in vivo injury-responsive Lgr5+ stem cells or Clu+ revival stem cells. Further analysis revealed that VPA and EPZ6438 were indispensable for epigenome reprogramming and regeneration in Hyper-organoids, which functioned through epigenetically regulating YAP signaling. Furthermore, VPA and EPZ6438 synergistically promoted regenerative response in gut upon damage in vivo. In summary, our results demonstrated a new in vitro organoid model to study epithelial regeneration, highlighting the importance of epigenetic reprogramming that pioneers tissue repair.
AXL is a candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 that promotes infection of pulmonary and bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Shuai , Qiu Zongyang , Hou Yingnan , Deng Xiya , Xu Wei , Zheng Tingting , Wu Peihan , Xie Shaofang , Bian Weixiang , Zhang Chong , Sun Zewei , Liu Kunpeng , Shan Chao , Lin Aifu , Jiang Shibo , Xie Youhua , Zhou Qiang , Lu Lu , Huang Jing , Li Xu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a global public health challenge. The viral pathogen responsible, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), binds to the host receptor ACE2 through its spike (S) glycoprotein, which mediates membrane fusion and viral entry. Although the role of ACE2 as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is clear, studies have shown that ACE2 expression is extremely low in various human tissues, especially in the respiratory tract. Thus, other host receptors and/or co-receptors that promote the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells of the respiratory system may exist. In this study, we found that the tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL) specifically interacts with the N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 S. Using both a SARS-CoV-2 virus pseudotype and authentic SARS-CoV-2, we found that overexpression of AXL in HEK293T cells promotes SARS-CoV-2 entry as efficiently as overexpression of ACE2, while knocking out AXL significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection in H1299 pulmonary cells and in human primary lung epithelial cells. Soluble human recombinant AXL blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells expressing high levels of AXL. The AXL expression level is well correlated with SARS-CoV-2 S level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from COVID-19 patients. Taken together, our findings suggest that AXL is a novel candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 which may play an important role in promoting viral infection of the human respiratory system and indicate that it is a potential target for future clinical intervention strategies.
A three-dimensional in vitro model of the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Park Sunghee Estelle , Ahn Jinchul , Jeong Hyo-Eun , Youn Inchan , Huh Dongeun , Chung Seok 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models developed on organ-on-a-chip or microfluidic devices have shown their capability to recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment as well as their potential as tools in biomedical research. Here, we present an in vitro model of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by establishing a coculture model of motor neurons (MNs) and Schwann cells (SCs) in a 3D environment in a microengineered extracellular matrix hydrogel scaffold. The collagen scaffold placed at the center of the microdevice provided a 3D cellular microenvironment where the axons of MNs were allowed to actively interact with SCs during their growth and maturation. By treating the MN–SC coculture model with ascorbic acid, we were able to model the myelination process in the PNS, which was evidenced by the increased expression of myelin markers in SCs. Moreover, we show that this can be reversed by treating myelinated nerve fibers with glial growth factor (neuregulin-1 isoform) to potentially block the formation of the myelin sheath and induce demyelination. Our 3D cell culture model may be used to achieve active control of the myelinating and demyelinating processes in the PNS and thus may offer new opportunities to study pathophysiological processes involved in motor neuron diseases by in vitro modeling.
Bridgin connects the outer kinetochore to centromeric chromatin
Authors: Sridhar Shreyas , Hori Tetsuya , Nakagawa Reiko , Fukagawa Tatsuo , Sanyal Kaustuv 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe microtubule-binding outer kinetochore is coupled to centromeric chromatin through CENP-CMif2, CENP-TCnn1, and CENP-UAme1 linker pathways originating from the constitutive centromere associated network (CCAN) of the inner kinetochore. Here, we demonstrate the recurrent loss of most CCAN components, including certain kinetochore linkers during the evolution of the fungal phylum of Basidiomycota. By kinetochore interactome analyses in a model basidiomycete and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, a forkhead-associated domain containing protein “bridgin” was identified as a kinetochore component along with other predicted kinetochore proteins. In vivo and in vitro functional analyses of bridgin reveal its ability to connect the outer kinetochore with centromeric chromatin to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. Unlike established CCAN-based linkers, bridgin is recruited at the outer kinetochore establishing its role as a distinct family of kinetochore proteins. Presence of bridgin homologs in non-fungal lineages suggests an ancient divergent strategy exists to bridge the outer kinetochore with centromeric chromatin.
Survey data and human computation for improved flu tracking
Authors: Wojcik Stefan , Bijral Avleen S. , Johnston Richard , Lavista Ferres Juan M. , King Gary , Kennedy Ryan , Vespignani Alessandro , Lazer David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile digital trace data from sources like search engines hold enormous potential for tracking and understanding human behavior, these streams of data lack information about the actual experiences of those individuals generating the data. Moreover, most current methods ignore or under-utilize human processing capabilities that allow humans to solve problems not yet solvable by computers (human computation). We demonstrate how behavioral research, linking digital and real-world behavior, along with human computation, can be utilized to improve the performance of studies using digital data streams. This study looks at the use of search data to track prevalence of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI). We build a behavioral model of flu search based on survey data linked to users’ online browsing data. We then utilize human computation for classifying search strings. Leveraging these resources, we construct a tracking model of ILI prevalence that outperforms strong historical benchmarks using only a limited stream of search data and lends itself to tracking ILI in smaller geographic units. While this paper only addresses searches related to ILI, the method we describe has potential for tracking a broad set of phenomena in near real-time.