bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geography of COVID-19 misinformation: using geospatial maps for targeted messaging to combat misinformation on COVID-19, South Africa
Authors: Chimoyi Lucy , Mabuto Tonderai , Dube Tanyaradzwa , Ntombela Nasiphi , Nchachi Tshegang , Tshisebe Dakalo , Chetty-Makkan Candice M. , Setswe Geoffrey K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe proliferation of false information on COVID-19 mostly through social media is adversely affecting control efforts. The objective of this study was to identify areas where targeted effective messaging can be useful in demystifying misinformation against COVID-19.ResultsThe study showed high levels of misinformation on COVID-19 in the study area [mean score 2.71; standard deviation (SD) 1.5]. The highest levels of misinformation were observed in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district, North West province (mean score: 3.84; SD: 2.1) and Sedibeng district, Gauteng province (mean score: 3.56; SD 1.7). Higher levels of misinformation were reported by those aged 18–24 years (mean score: 3.48; SD: 1.8), and men (mean score: 2.73; SD: 1.8). Across the two provinces, we identified geospatial hot and coldspots of misinformation highlighting the need to implement point of care strategies such as targeted messaging. Findings showed the need for targeted interventions to young people, students, those with low levels of education and the self-employed in the two districts more importantly, as South Africa expands its nationwide vaccination roll-out.
Yeasts from Chinese strong flavour Daqu samples: isolation and evaluation of their potential for fortified Daqu production
Authors: Pu Shunchang , Zhang Yu , Lu Ning , Shi Cuie , Yan Shoubao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn total, 16 yeast were isolated from Chinese strong flavour Daqu samples and underwent RAPD analysis and identification. Totally, 11 different species were identified among these isolates including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hanseniaspora vineae, Pichia kluyveri, Trichosporon asahii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Kluyveromyces lactis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Wickerhamomyces mori, Galactomyces geotrichum, Dabaryomyces hansenii, and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii. To understand the impact of these yeast strains on the quality and flavour of Daqu, we then assessed volatile compounds associated with Daqu samples fermented with corresponding strains. These analyses revealed strain YE006 exhibited the most robust ability to produce ethanol via fermentation but yielded relatively low quantities of volatile compounds, whereas strain YE010 exhibited relatively poor fermentation efficiency but produced the greatest quantity of volatile compounds. These two yeast strains were then utilized in a mixed culture to produce fortified Daqu, with the optimal inoculum size being assessed experimentally. These analyses revealed that maximal fermentation, saccharifying, liquefying, and esterifying power as well as high levels of volatile compounds were achieved when using a 2% inoculum composed of YE006/YE010 at a 1:2 (v/v) ratio. When the liquor prepared using this optimized fortified Daqu was compared to unfortified control Daqu, the former was found to exhibit significantly higher levels of flavour compounds and better sensory scores. Overall, our findings may provide a reliable approach to ensuring Daqu quality and improving the consistency and flavour of Chinese strong-flavour liquor through bioaugmentation.
Probiotic effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris RPG-HL-0136 on intestinal mucosal immunity in mice
Authors: Park Byoung Hee , Kim In Sung , Park Jung Kuk , Zhi Zheng , Lee Hea Min , Kwon Oh Wook , Lee Byung Cheon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris is a lactic acid bacterium commonly used in the cheese manufacturing industry. It is known to produce antibacterial peptides and has recently received attention for its role as a probiotic strain. Here, we report the isolation of a new strain, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris RPG-HL-0136 (RPG0136) from dried compost, which exhibits strong antibacterial activity. When RPG0136 was fed to mice, it increased the intestinal population of two beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, whereas it decreased the intestinal population of two harmful bacteria, Bacteroides and Enterobacter. In addition, it increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, with a simultaneous decrease in pH, and accelerated the catabolic degradation of proteins, lipids, and starch. Lastly, RPG0136 increased the plasma IgG and intestinal mucosal SIgA concentrations and upregulated Reg3r, MUC1, and MUC2 expression to improve the intestinal mucosal immune function. The results of this study suggest that RPG0136 is a potential probiotic strain that supports the growth of a beneficial microbiome by promoting the synthesis of organic acids and enhancing intestinal immune function.
Case reports of new-onset eating disorders in older adult cancer survivors
Authors: Rakusin Dori , O’Brien Kate , Murphy Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is unusual for a de novo eating disorder to emerge in late adulthood. Across a number of years, a number of patients were identified who experienced severe and unexpected weight loss post curative management of an upper abdominal cancer (i.e., cancer survivors). Each of the patients was readmitted to the tertiary surgical hospital due to complications of severe malnutrition. Each presentation was initially considered to have a major physical health problem (such as cancer recurrence). Each required extensive investigations and multidisciplinary team involvement and were later conceptualised as a new-onset (in later adulthood) eating disorder that emerged post curative cancer treatment. The team wished to better understand this group and/or characterise and/or inform the scientific community of this phenomena if not already well described.Literature reviewThe review identified that the re-emergence of pre-existing eating disorders at the time of cancer treatment was described; however, there was no identification of similar new-onset in later adulthood cases of eating disorders in cancer survivors in the medical literature.Review of the casesOnce ethics and consent was obtained, then the clinical course of four complex individuals were reviewed, including the use of a multidisciplinary Delphi review process, to understand commonalities and then plot a common care pathway with potential intervention points.Case presentationsCommon factors identified among the four patients included the lack of a physical health (organic) cause to the weight loss and ongoing weight loss despite intense multidisciplinary care. All had abnormal attitudes and behaviours relating to food, nutritional rehabilitation and/or recovery. None returned to a healthy weight and/or healthy eating despite extensive team input. The presentations were ultimately conceptualised as having severe disordered eating behaviours and in at least three cases met criteria for a formal eating disorder. The cohort had similar psychosocial characteristics including low socioeconomic status and complex family dynamics. None had prior formal psychiatric care. The outcomes were poor; one patient died, another required admission to a specialist eating disorder admission with a subsequent relapsing remitting course, and the remaining two had complicated chronic courses.ConclusionSimilar cases may be underreported. If identified earlier, there may be a role for intervention to prevent high morbidity and mortality and to support clinical teams managing similar complex patients.
IDH-wild type glioblastomas featuring at least 30% giant cells are characterized by frequent RB1 and NF1 alterations and hypermutation
Authors: Barresi Valeria , Simbolo Michele , Mafficini Andrea , Martini Maurizio , Calicchia Martina , Piredda Maria Liliana , Ciaparrone Chiara , Bonizzato Giada , Ammendola Serena , Caffo Maria , Pinna Giampietro , Sala Francesco , Lawlor Rita Teresa , Ghimenton Claudio , Scarpa Aldo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiant cell glioblastoma (GC-GBM) is a rare variant of IDH-wt GBM histologically characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells and molecularly considered a hybrid between IDH-wt and IDH-mutant GBM. The lack of an objective definition, specifying the percentage of giant cells required for this diagnosis, may account for the absence of a definite molecular profile of this variant. This study aimed to clarify the molecular landscape of GC-GBM, exploring the mutations and copy number variations of 458 cancer-related genes, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) in 39 GBMs dichotomized into having 30–49% (15 cases) or ≥ 50% (24 cases) GCs. The type and prevalence of the genetic alterations in this series was not associated with the GCs content (< 50% or ≥ 50%). Most cases (82% and 51.2%) had impairment in TP53/MDM2 and PTEN/PI3K pathways, but a high proportion also featured TERT promoter mutations (61.5%) and RB1 (25.6%) or NF1 (25.6%) alterations. EGFR amplification was detected in 18% cases in association with a shorter overall survival (P = 0.004). Sixteen (41%) cases had a TMB > 10 mut/Mb, including two (5%) that harbored MSI and one with a POLE mutation. The frequency of RB1 and NF1 alterations and TMB counts were significantly higher compared to 567 IDH wild type (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0003; P < 0.0001) and 26 IDH-mutant (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0227; P < 0.0001) GBMs in the TCGA PanCancer Atlas cohort. These findings demonstrate that the molecular landscape of GBMs with at least 30% giant cells is dominated by the impairment of TP53/MDM2 and PTEN/PI3K pathways, and additionally characterized by frequent RB1 alterations and hypermutation and by EGFR amplification in more aggressive cases. The high frequency of hypermutated cases suggests that GC-GBMs might be candidates for immune check-point inhibitors clinical trials.
Wine quality under integrated, organic and biodynamic management using image-forming methods and sensory analysis
Authors: Fritz Jürgen , Döring Johanna , Athmann Miriam , Meissner Georg , Kauer Randolf , Schultz Hans R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsThe image-forming methods copper chloride crystallization, capillary dynamolysis and circular chromatography are presented as an instrument for assessing wine quality. Wine quality of samples from a long-term field trial comparing integrated, organic and biodynamic management were investigated by using image-forming methods and sensory analysis.Methods and resultsConcerning the image-forming methods copper chloride crystallization, capillary dynamolysis and circular chromatography, the images of encoded samples were (i) grouped into pairs with similar image features; (ii) characterized based on reference images (e. g. high–low resistance to degradation); (iii) ranked (according to the characterization), and (iv) assigned to the different production methods (classified). Wine samples from organic and biodynamic management needed less wine per sample for a similar expression of structural characteristics than wine samples from integrated cultivation. Organic and biodynamic samples also show structures that indicate less degeneration than integrated samples. Due to these properties, nine coded wine samples from 2010 could be (i) grouped, (ii) characterized, (iii) ranked and (iv) classified without errors, i.e., assigned to the cultivation methods of integrated, organic and biodynamic agriculture. In sensory analysis, the wine derived from biodynamic management had the highest aroma intensity. In the other parameters the differences were not significant.ConclusionAnalysis with the image-forming methods copper chloride crystallization, capillary dynamolysis and circular chromatography complements sensory analysis for a more complete description of the characteristic properties of wines originating from different management systems.Significance of the studyIf further studies confirm these results, the image-forming methods copper chloride crystallization, capillary dynamolysis and circular chromatography may be developed as a complementary tool to sensory and chemical analysis in assessing wine quality.Graphic abstract
Effects of enriched-potassium diet on cardiorespiratory outcomes in experimental non-ischemic chronic heart failure
Authors: Schwarz Karla G. , Pereyra Katherin V. , Toledo Camilo , Andrade David C. , Díaz Hugo S. , Díaz-Jara Esteban , Ortolani Domiziana , Rios-Gallardo Angélica , Arias Paulina , Las Heras Alexandra , Vera Ignacio , Ortiz Fernando C. , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. , Vio Carlos P. , Del Rio Rodrigo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a global health problem. Increased sympathetic outflow, cardiac arrhythmogenesis and irregular breathing patterns have all been associated with poor outcomes in CHF. Several studies showed that activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play a key role in CHF pathophysiology. Interestingly, potassium (K+) supplemented diets showed promising results in normalizing RAS axis and autonomic dysfunction in vascular diseases, lowering cardiovascular risk. Whether subtle increases in dietary K+ consumption may exert similar effects in CHF has not been previously tested. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary K+ supplementation on cardiorespiratory alterations in rats with CHF.

Methods
Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent volume overload to induce non-ischemic CHF. Animals were randomly allocated to normal chow diet (CHF group) or supplemented K+ diet (CHF+K+ group) for 6 weeks. Cardiac arrhythmogenesis, sympathetic outflow, baroreflex sensitivity, breathing disorders, chemoreflex function, respiratory–cardiovascular coupling and cardiac function were evaluated.

Results
Compared to normal chow diet, K+ supplemented diet in CHF significantly reduced arrhythmia incidence (67.8 ± 15.1 vs. 31.0 ± 3.7 events/hour, CHF vs. CHF+K+), decreased cardiac sympathetic tone (ΔHR to propranolol: − 97.4 ± 9.4 vs. − 60.8 ± 8.3 bpm, CHF vs. CHF+K+), restored baroreflex function and attenuated irregular breathing patterns. Additionally, supplementation of the diet with K+ restores normal central respiratory chemoreflex drive and abrogates pathological cardio-respiratory coupling in CHF rats being the outcome an improved cardiac function.

Conclusion
Our findings support that dietary K+ supplementation in non-ischemic CHF alleviate cardiorespiratory dysfunction.
Dual effects of entomopathogenic fungi on control of the pest Lobesia botrana and the pathogenic fungus Eutypella microtheca on grapevine
Authors: Aguilera-Sammaritano Juan , Caballero Juan , Deymié María , Rosa Melisa , Vazquez Fabio , Pappano Delia , Lechner Bernardo , González-Teuber Marcia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the natural enemies of insect pests. Nevertheless, research on the use of EPF for simultaneous prevention of pest and disease agents on the same crop is limited. In this study, we explored the potential dual effects of three strains of the EPF Metarhizium anisopliae on the control of detrimental agents of Vitis vinifera L., including different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adult) of the insect pest Lobesia botrana and the phytopathogenic fungus Eutypella microtheca.

Methods
Laboratory pathogenicity trials were performed to examine the effects of the three M. anisopliae strains on the mortality rate of L. botrana. In addition, field trials were conducted to assess the biocontrol potential of one selected M. anisopliae strain on the larval stage of L. botrana. Moreover, inhibitory effects of the three EPF strains on E. microtheca growth were examined in vitro.

Results
All the M. anisopliae strains were highly effective, killing all stages of L. botrana as well as inhibiting the growth of E. microtheca. The in vitro mortality of larvae treated with the strains was over 75%, whereas that of treated pupae and adults was over 85%. The three EPF strains showed similar efficacy against larvae and adult stages; nevertheless, pupal mortality was observed to be strain dependent. Mortality of L. botrana larvae ranged from 64 to 91% at field conditions. Inhibition of E. microtheca growth reached 50% in comparison to the control.

Conclusions
Our study showed that M. anisopliae strains were highly effective in ensuring control of two different detrimental agents of V. vinifera L., providing new evidence to support the dual effects of entomopathogenic fungi.
An industrial case study: QbD to accelerate time-to-market of a drug product
Authors: Testas Madalena , da Cunha Sais Tiago , Medinilha Leonardo Piccoli , Niwa Katia Nami Ito , de Carvalho Lucas Sponton , Maia Silvia Duarte , Flores Anderson , Braz Lígia Pedroso , Menezes José Cardoso , Yamakawa Cássio Yooiti 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of a Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the development of pharmaceutical products is known to bring many advantages to the table, such as increased product and process knowledge, robust manufacturing processes, and regulatory flexibility regarding changes during the commercial phase. However, many companies still adhere to a more traditional pharmaceutical process development—in some cases due to the difficulty of going from a theoretical view of QbD to its actual application. This article presents a real-world case study for the development of an industrial pharmaceutical drug product (oral solid dosage form) using the QbD methodology, demonstrating the activities involved and the gains in obtaining systematic process and product knowledge.
Value of Somatostatin Receptor PET/CT in Patients With MEN1 at Various Stages of Their Disease
Authors: Mennetrey Clément , Le Bras Maëlle , Bando-Delaunay Aurélie , Al-Mansour Laure , Haissaguerre Magalie , Batisse-Lignier Marie , Ouvrard Eric , Ansquer Catherine , Walter Thomas , de Mestier Louis , Kelly Antony , Tlili Ghoufrane , Giraud Sophie , North Marie-Odile , Odou Marie-Françoise , Goichot Bernard , Cuny Thomas , Loundou Anderson , Romanet Pauline , Imperiale Alessio , Taïeb David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Despite the growing evidence of the clinical value of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positron emission tomography (PET) in the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), its role remains to be clarified at different time points in the journey of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). The rarity of the disease is however a significant impediment to prospective clinical trials.

Objective
The goals of the study were to assess the indications and value of SSTR PET/computed tomography (CT) in patients with MEN1.

Methods
We retrospectively included patients from 7 French expert centers for whom data on SSTR PET/CT and morphological imaging performed at the same period were available. Detection rates of PET study were analyzed.

Results
One hundred and 8 patients were included. SSTR PET/CT was performed at screening (n = 33), staging (n = 34), restaging (n = 37), and for peptide receptor targeted radiotherapy selection (n = 4). PET detected positive pancreatic lesions in 91% of cases at screening, with results comparable with magnetic resonance imaging but superior to CT (P = .049). Metastases (mostly lymph node [LN]) were present at the screening phase in 28% of cases, possibly due to the suboptimal value of screening morphological imaging in the assessment of nodal metastases and/or a long delay between imaging studies. SSTR PET/CT was considered superior or complementary to the reference standard in the assessment of LN or distant metastases in the vast majority of cases and regardless of the clinical scenario.

Conclusion
This study shows the potential added value of SSTR PET in the assessment of MEN1-associated NETs and provides great impetus toward its implementation in the evaluation of patients with MEN1.
Clinical Value of Serum Levels of 11-Oxygenated Metabolites of Testosterone in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Tosi Flavia , Villani Michela , Garofalo Sabrina , Faccin Giulia , Bonora Enzo , Fiers Tom , Kaufman Jean-Marc , Moghetti Paolo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Recent data suggested that 11-oxygenated androgens may be the preponderant circulating androgens in women with PCOS. However, the pathophysiological significance of these hormones remains unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between serum 11-OH testosterone (11-OHT) and 11-keto testosterone (11-KetoT) and clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism, as well as the metabolic parameters, in women with PCOS.

Methods
The main classic and 11-oxygenated androgens were measured by LC-MS/MS and direct equilibrium dialysis in 123 women with PCOS, diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria, and 38 healthy controls. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.

Results
Serum 11-oxygenated androgens were higher in women with PCOS than in controls. Elevated levels of 11-OHT and 11-KetoT were found in 28.5% and 30.1% of PCOS women, respectively, whereas free testosterone (FT) was increased in 61.0% of them. Serum 11-oxygenated androgens showed a limited performance in recognizing women with classically defined hyperandrogenism. Unlike FT, 11-oxygenated androgens did not show significant relationships with anthropometric and metabolic parameters, except for a direct association with insulin sensitivity. In multivariable analysis, 11-OHT and 11-KetoT, directly, and FT, inversely, remained significant independent predictors of insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions
Serum levels of 11-oxygenated androgens are higher in women with PCOS than in controls. However, these hormones show a poor performance in recognizing women with hyperandrogenism, as currently defined. The relationships of these androgens with insulin sensitivity strongly differ from that of FT, suggesting a different role of classic and 11-oxygenated androgens in the pathophysiology of PCOS.