bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of uniform magnetic field on electron dynamics in low‐pressure capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Guo Yu‐Qing , Sun Jing‐Yu , Zhang Quan‐Zhi , Ma Fang‐Fang , Liu Xiang‐Mei , Wang You‐Nian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electron dynamics in uniform magnetized capacitively coupled plasmas are investigated by using a one‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulation with a Monte Carlo collision model. It is found that the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of electrons are slightly modulated at weak magnetic fields, with more electron beams appearing during one sheath expansion. The electron beams are reversed before reaching the opposite electrode at moderate magnetic fields under the effect of Lorentz force. The discharge becomes very localized at very high magnetic fields, as the energetic electrons are confined in the vicinity of the sheath edge. The nonlocal to local transition of discharge characteristics is induced at different magnetic fields for various discharge frequencies. Generally, the discharge transition happens at stronger magnetic fields for high‐discharge frequencies. A quantitative relation between the discharge frequency and cyclotron frequency is given for the discharge transition.
Improving rubber concrete strength and toughness by plasma‐induced end‐of‐life tire rubber surface modification
Authors: Nisticò Roberto , Lavagna Luca , Boot Elisa A. , Ivanchenko Pavlo , Lorusso Massimo , Bosia Federico , Pugno Nicola M. , D'Angelo Domenico , Pavese Matteo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the effectiveness of using different plasma treatments to favor the compatibility between rubber and a cement matrix in composites, thus leading to a different surface reactivity of the rubber component. Plasma‐treated rubbers were introduced into two different types of concrete. Mechanical tests highlighted that Portland concrete composites filled with N2/H2 plasma‐treated rubber had increased flexural strength, toughness, and compression strength compared to composites containing untreated rubber. A scaling law is also proposed to qualitatively discriminate between related effects due to topological/roughness or intrinsic/chemical adhesion modifications. Plasma treatment can improve both intrinsic adhesion and roughness of the rubber–cement interface and thus the overall concrete strength and toughness.
Holes and islands in random point sets
Authors: Balko Martin , Scheucher Manfred , Valtr Pavel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor , let S be a set of points in in general position. A set I of k points from S is a k‐island in S if the convex hull of I satisfies . A k‐island in S in convex position is a k‐hole in S. For and a convex body of volume 1, let S be a set of n points chosen uniformly and independently at random from K. We show that the expected number of k‐holes in S is in . Our estimate improves and generalizes all previous bounds. In particular, we estimate the expected number of empty simplices in S by . This is tight in the plane up to a lower‐order term. Our method gives an asymptotically tight upper bound even in the much more general setting, where we estimate the expected number of k‐islands in S.
Lightweight, Fire‐Retardant, and Anti‐Compressed Honeycombed‐Like Carbon Aerogels for Thermal Management and High‐Efficiency Electromagnetic Absorbing Properties
Authors: Xu Jia , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Zhibo , Hu Hui , Li Bei , Zhu Chunling , Zhang Xitian , Chen Yujin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrdered porous carbon materials (PCMs) have potential applications in various fields due to their low mass densities and porous features. However, it yet remains extremely challenging to construct PCMs with multifunctionalization for electromagnetic wave absorption. Herein, the honeycombed‐like carbon aerogels with embedded Co@C nanoparticles are fabricated by a directionally freeze‐casting and carbonization method. The optimized aerogel possesses low density (0.017 g cm−3), fire‐retardant, robust mechanical performance (compression moduli reach 1411 and 420 kPa in the longitudinal and transverse directions at 80% strain, respectively), and high thermal management (high thermal insulation capability and high‐efficiency electrothermal conversion ability). Notably, the optimized aerogel exhibits the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties with broad effective absorption bandwidth (13.12–17.14 GHz) and strong absorption (−45.02 dB) at a thickness of only 1.5 mm. Density functional theory calculations and the experimental results demonstrate that the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties stem from the synergetic effects among high electrical conductivity, numerous interfaces and dipoles and unique ordered porous structure. Meanwhile, the computer simulation technology (CST) simulation confirms that the multifunctional aerogel can attenuate more electromagnetic energy in a practical environment. This work paves the way for rational design and fabrication of the next‐generation electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.
Imbalanced inflammatory response in subchronic arsenic‐induced liver injury and the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in rats: Potential role of cytokines mediated cell–cell interactions
Authors: Dong Ling , Liu Yonglian , Wang Dapeng , Zhu Kai , Zou Zhonglan , Zhang Aihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArsenic is a well‐known environmental toxicant and carcinogen, which has been epidemiologically proved related to the increased hepatic disorders. Researches have shown that aseptic inflammation and abnormal immune response are associated with arsenic‐induced liver injury. However, the immunotoxic effects of liver have not been extensively characterized. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), a natural products of G. biloba leaves with proven anti‐inflammatory and potential immunoregulatory activities, was used as intervention agent to explore its protective effects on arsenic‐induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, the underlying mechanism of the immunotoxic effects on arsenic‐induced liver injury were investigated in 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg NaAsO2 of Wistar rats for 16 weeks. Subsequently, GBE was used as intervention agent in 50 mg/kg for 6 weeks after cessation of arsenic exposure. The ratio of Th17 to Treg cells in peripheral blood as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL‐17A, IL‐6, TGF‐β1, and IL‐10 in serum and liver were detected. Meanwhile, the notable activation of aseptic inflammation‐related molecule TLR4 and its downstream targets MyD88 and NF‐κB in the liver were observed. In this work, we confirmed that subchronic exposed to arsenic triggered the infiltration of inflammatory cells in rat liver, coupled with obvious histopathological changes and aberrant hepatic serum biochemical parameters. Meanwhile, imbalanced immune response was verified by the notable abnormal ratio of Th17 to Treg cells in peripheral blood as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL‐17A, IL‐6, TGF‐β1, and IL‐10 in serum and liver of arsenic exposed rats. Further, the level of TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB in liver both transcription and translation activity were raised. Subsequently, GBE markedly mitigated arsenic‐induced liver injury, most impressively, post treatment with GBE prominently suppressed the overactivated inflammatory‐related TLR4‐MyD88‐NF‐κB pathway and evidently decreased the secretion of inflammation cytokines. Meanwhile, the disturbance of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory response was reversed. We concluded that the disruption of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory T‐cells balance caused by cytokines mediated cell–cell interactions may be one of the mechanisms underlying arsenic‐induced liver injury and that GBE intervention exerts an evidence protective effects, which might be closely associated with the suppression of inflammatory‐related TLR4 pathway.
The role of the exocytic pathway in cell wall assembly in yeast
Authors: Guo Qingguo , Meng Na , Fan Guanzhi , Sun Dong , Meng Yuan , Luo Guangzuo , Liu Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe cell wall is a dynamic organelle which is tightly controlled for cell morphology, viability, and pathogenesis. It was previously shown that exocytosis is involved in the secretion of some components and enzymes of the cell wall. However, how the secretory pathway affects the cell wall integrity and assembly remains unclear. Here we show that the secretory pathway mutant (sec) cells were sensitive to cell wall antagonists in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and they were lysed at restrictive conditions but can be rescued by osmotic stabilizers, indicating their cell walls were disrupted. Although glucans were reduced at the cell surface in sec mutants as speculated, the other two main cell wall components, chitins, and mannoproteins, were accumulated at the cell surface. We also found that both the protein level and the phosphorylation level of Slt2 increased in sec mutants. These results suggest that the exocytic pathway has a critical role in cell wall assembly. Our study will help to understand the mechanism of cell wall formation.
A Class of Integral Operators that Fix Exponential Functions
Authors: Bardaro Carlo , Mantellini Ilaria , Uysal Gumrah , Yilmaz Basar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a general class of integral operators that fix exponential functions, containing several recent modified operators of Gauss–Weierstrass, or Picard or moment type operators. Pointwise convergence theorems are studied, using a Korovkin-type theorem and a Voronovskaja-type formula is obtained.
Das fast vergessene Wissen über die formale Pathogenese des Zervixkarzinoms: Erich Burghardt (1921–2006) zum 100. Geburtstag
Authors: Pickel Hellmuth , Reich Olaf , Tamussino Karl 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch die Einführung der sog. Krebsfährtensuche mittels Kolposkopie, Zytologie und Histopathologie durch Ernst Navratil (1902–1977) im Jahr 1946 kam es zu einem markanten Aufschwung der Gynäkopathologie an der Grazer Univ.-Frauenklinik. Dieser Aufschwung war im Wesentlichen Fritz Bajardi (1918–2006) und Erich Burghardt (1921–2006) zu verdanken. Diese haben in der Zeit ihrer klinischen Tätigkeit durch ihre Zusammenarbeit wesentliche Erkenntnisse über die Pathogenese des Zervixkarzinoms geliefert. Erich Burghardt ist es im Besonderen zu verdanken, dass die in der Literatur verstreuten diesbezüglichen Publikationen in einem synoptischen Werk zusammengefasst wurden. Es werden die richtungsweisenden Forschungsergebnisse von Bajardi und vor allem von Burghardt im Lichte des heutigen Erkenntnisstandes diskutiert.
Assessment of Trauma Care Capacity in Karachi, Pakistan: Toward an Integrated Trauma Care System
Authors: Khalil Mohammad Salman , Latif Asad , Ashraf Muhammad Nabeel , Atiq Muhammad Mehmood Alam , Zafar Hasnain , Haider Adil , Samad Lubna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPakistan is a lower‐middle‐income country with a high burden of injuries. Karachi, its most populated city, lacks a trauma care system due to which trauma patients do not receive the required care. We conducted an assessment of the existing facilities for trauma care in Karachi.MethodsTwenty‐two tertiary and secondary hospitals from public and private sectors across Karachi were assessed. The Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care (GETC) tool was used to collect information about the availability of skills, knowledge, and equipment at these facilities.ResultsAmong tertiary hospitals (n = 7), private sector hospitals had a better median (IQR) score, 90.4 (81.8–93.1), as compared to the public sector hospitals, 44.1 (29.3–75.8). Among secondary hospitals (n = 15), private sector hospitals had a better median (IQR) score, 70.3 (67.8–77.7), as compared to the public sector hospitals, 39.7 (21.9–53.3).DiscussionThis study identifies considerable deficiencies in trauma care in Karachi and provides objective data that can guide urgently needed reforms tailored to this city's needs. On a systems level, it delineates the need for a regulatory framework to define trauma care levels and designate selected hospitals across the city accordingly. Using these data, improvement in trauma care systems can be achieved through collaboration and partnership between public and private stakeholders.
Efficacy of endoscopic management for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Young-Il , Lee Jong Yeul , Khalayleh Harbi , Kim Chan Gyoo , Yoon Hong Man , Kim Soo Jin , Yang Hannah , Ryu Keun Won , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young-Woo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Anastomotic leakage (AL) after gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients is associated with high mortality rates. Various endoscopic procedures are available to manage this postoperative complication. The aim of study was to evaluate the outcome of two endoscopic modalities, clippings and stents, for the treatment of AL.

Patients and methods
There were 4916 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy between December 2007 and January 2016 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. A total of 115 patients (2.3%) developed AL. Of these, 85 patients (1.7%) received endoscopic therapy for AL and were included in this retrospective study. The endpoints were the complete leakage closure rates and risk factors associated with failure of endoscopic therapy.

Results
Of the 85 patients, 62 received endoscopic clippings (with or without detachable snares), and 23 received a stent insertion. Overall, the complete leakage closure rate was 80%, and no significant difference was found between the clipping and stent groups (79.0% vs. 82.6%, respectively; P = 0.89). The complete leakage closure rate was significantly lower in the duodenal and jejunal stump sites (60%) than esophageal sites (86.1%) and gastric sites (94.1%; P = 0.026). The multivariate analysis showed that stump leakage sites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.51; P = 0.031) and the presence of intra-abdominal abscess (aOR, 4.92; P = -0.025) were associated with unsuccessful leakage closures.

Conclusions
Endoscopic therapy using clippings or stents is an effective method for the postoperative management of AL in gastric cancer patients. This therapy can be considered a primary treatment option due to its demonstrated efficacy, safety, and minimally invasive nature.
Effective Field Theory for Shallow P-Wave States
Authors: Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Huesmann H. P. , Meißner Ulf-G. , Ren Xiu-Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe discuss the formulation of a non-relativistic effective field theory for two-body P-wave scattering in the presence of shallow states and critically address various approaches to renormalization proposed in the literature. It is demonstrated that the consistent renormalization involving only a finite number of parameters in the well-established formalism with auxiliary dimer fields corresponds to the inclusion of an infinite number of counterterms in the formulation with contact interactions only. We also discuss the implications from the Wilsonian renormalization group analysis of P-wave scattering.
Double poroelasticity derived from the microstructure
Authors: Miller Laura , Penta Raimondo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe derive the balance equations for a double poroelastic material which comprises a matrix with embedded subphases. We assume that the distance between the subphases (the local scale) is much smaller than the size of the domain (the global scale). We assume that at the local scale both the matrix and subphases can be described by Biot’s anisotropic, heterogeneous, compressible poroelasticity (i.e.the porescaleis already smoothed out). We then decompose the spatial variations by means of the two-scale homogenization method to upscale the interaction between the poroelastic phases at the local scale. This way, we derive the novel global scale model which is formally of poroelastic-type. The global scale coefficients account for the complexity of the given microstructure and heterogeneities. These effective poroelastic moduli are to be computed by solving appropriate differential periodic cell problems. The model coefficients possess properties that, once proved, allow us to determine that the model is both formally and substantially of poroelastic-type. The properties we prove are a) the existence of a tensor which plays the role of the classical Biot’s tensor of coefficients via a suitable analytical identity and b) the global scale scalar coefficient$$\bar{\mathcal {M}}$$M¯is positive which then qualifies as the global Biot’s modulus for the double poroelastic material.
Interaction of Melanin with Metal Ions Modulates Their Cytotoxic Potential
Authors: Sarna Tadeusz , Swartz Harold M. , Zadlo Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMelanin is one the most common biological pigments. In humans, specialized cells called melanocytes synthesize the pigment from tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine via enzyme-catalyzed reactions and spontaneous processes. The formed melanin granule consists of nanoaggregates of oligomers containing different monomers. Although the main biological function of melanin is protection against damage from solar radiation, melanin may also be involved in protection against oxidative stress. In the latter function, sequestration of redox-active metal ions and scavenging of reactive oxygen species are of importance. The paper reviews basic physicochemical properties of melanin responsible for binding of metal ions and discusses specific conditions that may induce cytotoxicity of metal ions such as iron and copper by facilitating their redox activation and release from melanin. While the value of EPR spectroscopy and other EPR-related techniques for the study of melanin is emphasized, the concomitant use of other physicochemical methods is the most efficient approach.
Social and environmental factors influencing contemporary cases of wolf aggression towards people in Poland
Authors: Nowak Sabina , Szewczyk Maciej , Tomczak Patrycja , Całus Izabela , Figura Michał , Mysłajek Robert W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding factors and mechanisms causing large carnivore aggression towards people is crucial for their conservation in modern human-dominated landscapes. We present detailed descriptions of wolf attacks on people in early summer 2018 in two areas of Poland, analysis of behaviour, fitness and origin of individuals responsible for the attacks and management actions undertaken by local communities as well as governmental bodies and non-governmental organisations. We show that attacks were caused by yearling wolves (13-month-old male and 14-month-old female) originating from local packs, which appeared near households several months prior to incidents. Both individuals were positively food-conditioned and showed increasing habituation caused by irresponsible behaviour of people such as long-lasting intentional feeding or illegal keeping. Post mortem necropsy revealed obesity and serious abnormality of spleen (polysplenia) in the problem female wolf that negatively impacted her fitness and was the most likely reason for her presence near households and feeding on leftovers. Despite prolonged observations of these wolves very close to human settlements (less than 30 m), no mitigation actions were undertaken until the attacks, after which both individuals were killed. We provide several recommendations to avoid aggressive human-carnivore encounters.
Discriminating features-based cost-sensitive approach for software defect prediction
Authors: Ali Aftab , Khan Naveed , Abu-Tair Mamun , Noppen Joost , McClean Sally , McChesney Ian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCorrelated quality metrics extracted from a source code repository can be utilized to design a model to automatically predict defects in a software system. It is obvious that the extracted metrics will result in a highly unbalanced data, since the number of defects in a good quality software system should be far less than the number of normal instances. It is also a fact that the selection of the best discriminating features significantly improves the robustness and accuracy of a prediction model. Therefore, the contribution of this paper is twofold, first it selects the best discriminating features that help in accurately predicting a defect in a software component. Secondly, a cost-sensitive logistic regression and decision tree ensemble-based prediction models are applied to the best discriminating features for precisely predicting a defect in a software component. The proposed models are compared with the most recent schemes in the literature in terms of accuracy, area under the curve, and recall. The models are evaluated using 11 datasets and it is evident from the results and analysis that the performance of the proposed prediction models outperforms the schemes in the literature.
Accounting Frauds and Main-Bank Monitoring in Japanese Corporations
Authors: Sakawa Hideaki , Watanabel Naoki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether the delegated monitoring of main banks effectively decreases severe agency problems. For example, this includes accounting fraud in bank-dominated corporate governance. In this context, the fraud triangle specifies the three main factors of opportunity, incentive, and rationalization. Main banks may reduce the factor of opportunity through actions such as monitoring, which plays a moderating role by reducing the potential for managerial misconduct, whereas, the incentive factor may be enhanced through the subsequent pressure that influences managers to force turnover when they do not repay debts. The potential influence that the main banks have on the fraud rationalization factor may be stronger in firms that are more dependent on main-bank borrowing. This study analyzed data from publicly listed firms in Japan for the period between 2008 and 2016 to determine how main-bank relationships affected accounting fraud, thus allowing an assessment of delegated monitoring practices. Findings showed that main-bank relationships were helpful for reducing accounting fraud, suggesting its overall effectiveness in delegated monitoring. Results also showed that large audit firms did not necessarily prevent accounting fraud, which implies that main banks can employ their own monitoring as a substitute for the roles typically played by these firms. Here, the main policy implication is that main-bank relationships may strengthen business ethics in the context of bank-dominated corporate governance. In conclusion, the continued analysis of bank monitoring may benefit stakeholders while strengthening business ethics in bank-centered economies.
Beaming market simulation to the future by combining agent-based modeling with scenario analysis
Authors: Stummer Christian , Lüpke Lars , Günther Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAgent-based simulation has become an established method for innovation and technology diffusion research. It extends traditional approaches by modeling diffusion processes from a micro-level perspective, which enables the consideration of various heterogeneous stakeholders and their diverse interactions. While such a simulation is well suited to capture the complex behavior of markets, its application is challenging when it comes to modeling future markets. Therefore, we propose a multi-method approach that combines scenario analysis that generates multiple “pictures of the future” with an agent-based market simulation that offers insight into the potential outcomes of today’s strategic (technological) decisions in each of these futures. Thus, simulation results can provide valuable decision support for corporate planners and industrial engineers when they are engaged in technology planning. This paper describes the novel approach and illustrates it through a sample application that is based on an industry-related research project on the development and market introduction of smart products.