bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with practicing evidence-based medicine among medical interns in Amhara regional state teaching hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Emwodew Delelegn , Melese Tesfahun , Takele Adamu , Mesfine Nebiyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an essential component of modern medical practice and crucial for patient safety and high-quality healthcare services. The purpose of this study is to assess the factors associated with practicing EBM among medical interns in Amhara regional state teaching hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods

An institution based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April, 2020. Simple random sampling with proportional allocation was used. A total of 403 medical interns were included in the study. The data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were coded and entered in to Epi info 8.1 then exported to and analyzed by using SPSS 20.1. Multivariable logistic regression analysis method was used to identify the factors associated with the practice of EBM.
Results

From the total of 403 medical interns, 48.4% had good practices towards EBM. EBM knowledge, attitude towards EBM, ability to critically appraise evidence and having sufficient time to search for evidence were the factors significantly associated with EBM practice.
Conclusion

Medical interns have limited practice of integrating scientific evidence in to clinical practice. There is a need to setup EBM journal club, which helps to increase awareness and use of evidence, as well as assist medical interns and other clinical staffs to ensure the correct application of EBM in to clinical practice.
A novel design of CTZS/Si tandem solar cell: A numerical approach
Authors: Bibi Baseerat , Farhadi Bita , Rahman Waseem ur , Liu Aimin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multijunction or tandem solar cells can split the solar spectrum over several subcells with different bandgaps to transform the sunlight into electricity more effectively than single-junction solar cells. The monolithic tandem design of third generation silicon solar energy materials is auspicious for photovoltaics. In this paper, the Simulation-based studies of copper zinc tin sulfide/Silicon (CZTS/Si) tandem cells based on CZTS as an upper subcell and silicon as a lower subcell absorber layer have been performed using SCAPS-1D. This study aims to evaluate the CZTS tandem cells' performance based on the fact that both subcells are simulated to produce the best efficiency recorded at its bandgap. The Simulation and optimization of the single junction CZTS and Si solar cells were initially performed to fit the state-of-art records efficiency of 11.65% and 18.7%, respectively. Further, both the upper and lower cell has evaluated at different thicknesses for tandem configuration after validation. Also, to obtain the current matching condition for tandem structure, the upper subcell's performance is investigated at different thickness ranges from 0.1 µm -1 µm while keeping the lower subcell thickness at 80µm. Thus, at optimized upper absorber thickness of 0.191 µm and lower subcell 80 µm at transmitted spectrum the current matching condition obtained and gave an efficiency of 10.6% and 11.9%, respectively. The maximum efficiency of ~ 23 is obtained for tandem design with enhancing open circuit voltage 1.4 V.
Evaluation of the quality of groundwater in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: Ramos Caryne Ferreira , Laureano Josilena de Jesus , Rosa Ana Lúcia Denardin da , Gomes Beatriz Machado , Gomes João Paulo de Oliveira , Oliveira Gislayne Alves de , Mendonça Andreza Pereira , Bastos Wanderley Rodrigues , Nascimento Elisabete Lourdes do 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Groundwater quality can be affected by many factors. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of groundwater and map the flow direction, to identify possible sources of contamination in the districts of Nova Londrina and Nova Colina (Ji-Paraná, Rondônia). Water samples were collected in September 2015 and February 2016 in 20 wells in Nova Londrina and in December 2016 and April 2017 in 15 wells in Nova Colina. The turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in loco. The microbiological parameters were determined by the membrane filtration method in a chromogenic medium, and the total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured by the gravimetric method. The nutrients ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved phosphorus and total phosphorus were ascertained by the spectrophotometric method and the underground flow was obtained by applying the Surfer 8.0 software. Through principal component analysis (PCA) it was possible to detect that the TDS, total coliforms, pH and EC had important contributions to formation of the groundwater axes in Nova Londrina, while the variables EC, nitrate and well and cesspit depths contributed in Nova Colina. The groundwater flow did not differ among the months studied, and was mainly in the northwest-southeast direction in Nova Londrina and from the southeast to other regions in Nova Colina.
Epidemiology of chemical poisoning among adults in Qassim region: An eight years study
Authors: Alnasser Sulaiman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Chemical poisoning is considered a common medico-social problem that, in addition to causing extensive morbidity and mortality, dominates the valuable health care service resources.
Objective

This study was conducted to explore the extent and frequency of chemical poisoning events among adults in Qassim region as well as the most common poisoning agents involved.
Methods

This is a retrospective study employing medical record review for chemical poisoning cases that occurred in Qassim region during the 8-year period from January 2008 to December 2015. Data was collected using a standardized, validated data collection sheet.
Results

There is no steady trend (either decreasing or increasing) of the number of poisoning cases through time. There is statistically significant association between the type of poisoning agent and gender (χ2 = 14.3104, P < 0.05). Also, there is statistically significant association between the type of poisoning agent and period in years (χ2 = 19.7565, P < 0.05).
Conclusions

Most cases of poisoning affected female, with no pattern through time. Educational programs are needed to raise public awareness about poisoning, especially among women.
Asymptomatic and Sub-microscopic Plasmodium Falciparum Infection in Children in the Mount Cameroon Area: a Cross-sectional Study on Altitudinal Influence, Haematological Parameters and Risk Factors
Authors: sumbele Irene Ule Ngole , Teh Rene Ning , Nkeudem Gillian Asoba , Sandie Sorelle Mekachie , Moyeh Marcel Nyuylam , Shey Robert Adamou , Shintouo Cabirou Mounchili , Ghogomu Stephen Mbigha , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Alsharif Khalaf F , Kimbi Helen Kuokuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The Mount Cameroon area has experienced a 57.2% decline in confirmed malaria cases between 2006 and 2013 with the implementation of different control measures but, the disease is still of public health concern. The objective of the study was to assess the burden of asymptomatic and sub-microscopic Plasmodium infection, altitudinal influence on it, their effect on haematological parameters as well as identify the risk factors of infection.Methodology: A cross-sectional community-based survey involving 1319 children of both sexes aged 6 months to 14 years was conducted between July 2017 and May 2018. Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia was confirmed by Giemsa-stained microscopy, sub-microscopic Plasmodium infection by 18S mRNA using nested PCR and full blood count analysis was done using an auto haematology analyser. Results: Malaria parasite, asymptomatic and sub-microscopic Plasmodium infection and anaemia were prevalent in 36.4%, 34.0%, 43.8% and 62.3% of the children, respectively. The risk of having sub-microscopic Plasmodium infection was highest in children 5‒9 (OR = 3.13, P < 0.001) and 10‒14 years of age (OR = 8.18, P < 0.001), non-insecticide treated net users (OR = 1.69, P < 0.04) and those anaemic (OR = 9.01, P < 0.001). Children with sub-microscopic infection had a significantly lower mean haemoglobin (9.86 ± 1.7 g/dL, P < 0.001), red blood cell counts (4.48 ± 1.1 x 1012/L, P < 0.001), haematocrit (31.92%, P < 0.001), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (313.25 ± 47.36, P = 0.035) and platelet counts (280.83 ± 112.62, P < 0.001) than their negative counterparts. Children <5 years old (73.8%), having asymptomatic (69.8%) and sub-microscopic Plasmodium infection (78.3%) as well as resident in the middle belt (72.7%) had a higher prevalence of anaemia than their peers. Conclusion: The significant heterogeneity in the burden of asymptomatic and sub-microscopic Plasmodium infection in addition to its corollary on haematological variables among children in the different attitudinal sites of the Mount Cameroon Region accentuate the need for strategic context specific planning of malaria control and preventative measures.
Laboratory and Field Performance of Five Cheap Commercial Light Traps for Capturing Mosquitoes In China
Authors: Huang Run , Song Hongyun , Fang Qian , Qian Junping , Zhang Yaodan , Jiang Hong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMosquito light traps for household use are popular because they are small, cheap, user friendly, and environmentally friendly. At present, there are many variations and specifications of mosquito traps intended for household use on the market. Their labels claim they are powerful, but research and evaluation of their claims is lacking.MethodsThis article tested the key parameters, the laboratory capture rates, and the field capture rate of 5 popular mosquito traps intended for household use. ResultsThe study found that in the laboratory experiment, the capture rate of the mosquito traps selected was between 34.7%-65.0%. The analysis showed that the fan speed, and design of the air guide of the traps are important factors that affect the mosquito catch rate. Field tests in the greenhouse found that the 5 mosquito traps had high catch rates for Culex quinquefasciatus. The average percentage of Cx. quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, and other flying insects captured every night was 51.76%, 25.29%, 14.12%, and 8.82%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the capture rate of Ae. Albopictus and An. sinensis by the 5 mosquito traps in the greenhouse, but a significant difference in the catch rate of Cx. Quinquefasciatu. ConclusionsThe ultraviolet wavelength (395-400nm) involved in the selected mosquito traps is not the main reason that affects the mosquito catching effect, but the fan speed and the air guide may be the reason for the difference in the catching effect among the five mosquito traps. Therefore, the mosquito traps intended for household use can be improved by adjusting the fan speed and optimizing the air guide.
Impact of DNA Double-Strand Breaks on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction Carcinogenesis
Authors: Kuraishi Yasuhiro , Uehara Takeshi , Muraki Takashi , Iwaya Mai , Kinugawa Yasuhiro , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Watanabe Takayuki , Umemura Takeji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation due to refluxed pancreatic juice into the biliary tract that is associated with an elevated risk of biliary tract cancer. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered the most serious form of DNA damage. DSBs are provoked by inflammatory cell damage and are recognized as an important oncogenic event in several cancers. This study used γ-H2AX, an established marker of DSB formation, to evaluate the impact of DNA damage on carcinogenesis in PBM. Methods: We investigated γ-H2AX expression immunohistochemically in gallbladder epithelium samples obtained from 71 PBM cases and 19 control cases. Results: Fourteen PBM cases with gallbladder adenocarcinoma were evaluated at non-neoplastic regions. A wide range of nuclear γ-H2AX staining was detected in all PBM and control specimens. γ-H2AX expression was significantly higher in PBM cases versus controls (median γ-H2AX-positive proportion: 14.4% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.001). Among the PBM cases, γ-H2AX expression was significantly higher in patients with carcinoma than in those without (median γ-H2AX-positive proportion: 21.4% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.031). Conclusion: DSBs occurred significantly more abundantly in the PBM gallbladder mucosa, especially in the context of cancer, indicating an involvement in PBM-related carcinogenesis.
Hyperuricemia May Affect the Healing of Anastomosis in Dixon Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zheng Xue-Cong , Su Jin-Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background：The impact of Hyperuricemia (HUA) on Dixon surgery is rarely reported. Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the main serious complication in Dixon surgery. We discussed the relationship between HUA and AL. Our aim was to identify these factors to provide intervention measures for clinical practice.Methods：The clinical data of 1147 patients who underwent Dixon operation for rectal cancer in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Rank sum test was used for measurement data, and χ2 test was used for counting data. In univariate analysis, significant variables (P < 0.05) were used for multivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine their independent roles. All tests were 2-sided, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results：A total of 1147 patients with rectal cancer undergoing Dixon operation were included in the study, including 153 patients with HUA and 994 patients with normal uric acid (UA). The AL was 148 cases (14.9%) in UA group and 37 cases (24.2%) in HUA group. There was significant difference in AL (P = 0.006). The influence of HUA (P = 0.006), Tumor distance from the anal margin (TD) (P = 0.024) and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCT) (P = 0.040) on AL were significantly different. Logistic analysis showed that HUA (P = 0.021) and TD (P = 0.014) had significant effects on AL. In rectal cancer group with HUA, there were significant differences in the effects of male (P = 0.035), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.017) and PCT (P = 0.013) on AL. Logistic analysis showed that there were significant differences between male (P = 0.001) and PCT (P = 0.004) on AL.Conclusions：HUA is an independent risk factor of AL in Dixon operation for rectal cancer. In patients with HUA undergoing Dixon operation, gender, BMI and PCT have significant difference on AL. Male and PCT are independent risk factors of AL.
The impact of medical student research as a discussion topic during the residency interview process
Authors: Daus Kelly , McEchron Matthew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Students with a greater number of research experiences are more successful in the National Residency Match Program (NRMP.) As a result, approximately two-thirds of allopathic medical schools have implemented a scholarly research project (SP) as a part of their curriculum. While inclusion of a SP in the medical school curriculum increases research productivity, literature to date has not investigated its ability to provide students with a means to communicate their scholarly strengths to residency programs during interview discussions.
Methods

123 students from the graduating class of 2019 and 2020 at the University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix (UACOMP) completed a 17-question survey examining the student’s SP and whether they completed additional research.
Survey participants were asked to
quantify how many residency interviewers asked about their SP or
additional research during the interview process.
Results

27% of interviewers (SD 27.0) asked students about their SP and 41% of interviewers (SD 32.0) asked students about additional non-SP research. 40% of interviewers asked about research overall to include SP and/or non-SP research. A greater percentage of interviewers (50%, SD 26.2) asked students about their SP if they had undertaken additional research compared to interviewers of students who did not undertake additional research (29%, SD 28.4, p = 0.0237). A greater percentage of interviewers at academic institutions (31%, SD 27.9) asked students about their SP, compared with a smaller percentage of interviewers at predominantly non-academic programs (22%, SD 25.5, p = 0.0054). There were no significant differences in the proportion of interviewers asking about the SP based on the type of specialty, competitiveness of specialty, topic relatedness of project, and publication/presentation status of project.
Conclusion

Student research experiences may serve as a meaningful discussion topic during the residency interview. Approximately one-third of interviewers ask about the SP regardless of specialty, research topic, and publication/presentation status of the project. Students with additional research experiences beyond their SP may experience a higher percentage of interviewers asking about their SP. Also, students applying to predominantly academic programs may experience a higher proportion of interview questions about research compared to peers interviewing at non-academic programs.
Early combined rehabilitation intervention to improve the prognosis of premature infants
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Zheng-feng , Zhong Yun-huan , Zhao Zhi-hui , Deng Wen-xin , Chen Ling-ling , Liu Bei-bei , Du Tao-jun , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the clinical effect of early combined rehabilitation intervention on premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Methods: Premature infants with gestational ages less than 32 weeks or birth weights less than 1500 g were included in the present study.The participants were divided into the intervention group and control group. All infants received the current routine treatment based on the clinical guidelines, and the intervention group was additionally treated by visual and auditory stimulation, oral motor function, respiratory function and neurodevelopmental training. The following clinical outcomes were compared: durations of oxygen supplementation and indwelling gastric tube use; incidences of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); Sliverman scores; incidences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and intraventricular haemorrhage; days of hospitalization; and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Datas were analysed using the following statistical tests: the chi-square test, the independent samples or paired t test, repeated measures ANOVA, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results: Compared with those in the control group, premature infants in the intervention group had shorter durations of oxygen supplementation and indwelling gastric tube use, fewer hospitalization days and lower incidences of ROP, BPD, and NEC.The intervention group had lower Sliverman scores and higher Ballard neuromuscular scores than the control group.Conclusion Early combined rehabilitation intervention can improve the short-term clinical outcomes of premature infants.
Changes in ocular astigmatism after superotemporal versus temporal clear corneal incision cataract surgery
Authors: Fan Qi , Qian Dongjin , Zhao Zhennan , Jiang Yongxiang , Lu Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The incision site to choose to manage postoperative astigmatism during cataract surgery is still debated. This study investigated corneal and internal astigmatism changes after superotemporal versus temporal clear corneal incision cataract surgery.
Methods

Patients included were diagnosed between December 2019 and January 2020 with age-related cataract with corneal astigmatism < 1.5 diopters (D) and were divided into two groups: Right Eye Group (R Group, superotemporal incision) and Left Eye Group (L Group, temporal incision). Uncorrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, corneal topography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography were performed pre- and 6 months postoperatively. Total ocular astigmatism, corneal astigmatism, surgically induced corneal astigmatism (SICA), non-corneal ocular residual astigmatism (N-CORA), postoperative intraocular lens (IOL) decentration, and tilt were analysed.
Results

Thirty-eight subjects were included: 21, R Group; 17, L Group. After surgery, the N-CORA decreased significantly from 1.17 ± 0.72D to 0.73 ± 0.47D in all patients (P = 0.001), 1.03 ± 0.52D to 0.70 ± 0.40D in the R Group (P = 0.005), and 1.35 ± 0.90D to 0.78 ± 0.55D in the L Group (P = 0.033). Significant differences between the R and L groups were found in the postoperative meridian of anterior corneal astigmatism (75.95 ± 52.50 vs 116.79 ± 47.29; P = 0.017), total corneal astigmatism (51.65 ± 42.75 vs 95.20 ± 57.32; P = 0.011), J45 change vector of SICA in the anterior cornea (-0.10 ± 0.18 vs 0.00 ± 0.11; P = 0.048), and total cornea surface (-0.14 ± 0.17 vs 0.03 ± 0.12; P = 0.001). IOL decentration, tilt, and the meridian of IOL tilt were not significantly correlated with N-CORA.
Conclusions

The N-CORA significantly decreased after cataract surgery. Superotemporal and temporal incisions can cause differences in the meridian components of oblique astigmatism but will not have a significant effect on the magnitude of corneal astigmatism.
Prominent role of sulfate reduction in robust sulfur retention in subtropical soil
Authors: Yu Qian , Mulder Jan , Si Gaoyue , Yu Longfei , Kang Ronghua , Liu Kaiyi , Hao Jiming , Duan Lei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sulfur budgets in catchments indicated that about 80% of the deposited sulfur was retained in the subtropical soil, it alleviates the historical acidification caused by elevated deposition. The strong sulfur retention was attributed to the reversible sulfate adsorption in previous studies. Here we report that sulfate reduction is a prominent yet thus far overlooked mechanism for sulfur retention, based upon the comprehensive evidence of soil sulfur storage and multi-isotope within entire soil profile along a hydrological continuum in a typical subtropical catchment of China. Using a dual isotopic mass balance model, we determined that annual flux of reduction accounted for approximately 38% of sulfur retention, which was close to the proportion of reduced species in soil. Consequently, the release of sulfur legacy would be less serious with the decreasing sulfur deposition in China, compared to the projections only considering adsorption.