bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiotic Threshold: Animals and People
Authors: Ptitsyna Irina B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The author discusses the question of whether animals have a language. The article examines the similarities and differences in the linguistic capabilities of animals and humans. The similarity lies in the fact that animals can use symbolic signs to receive and send messages. Among other things, they can receive and interpret signs on a delayed basis without the direct presence of their sender, although to a fundamentally lesser extent than people. The comparison is carried out both for signs perceived by the organism (afferent signs) and for signs created by the organism (efferent signs), both related to communication and the perception of the environment outside the community.
The main difference is the possibility of telling about events outside the “here and now” in which the narrator could or may not take part. This is the narrative. No signs of animals using the narrative were found. The resulting differences in storytelling use are hypothesized to be related to additional language functions that have increased in humans compared to animals. People have psychological characteristics caused by the presence of the stage of individuation and separation in development. This allows them to move away from the situation and see it from the outside, which is necessary for retelling. On the other hand, people need to communicate with the help of a narrative, since their society includes a sacred part, whose members receive descriptions of events, requests, questions, and their answers in the form of various signs and the results fortune-telling need a detailed interpretation.
Morphological Peculiarities of Parasitic (Trichosomoides crassicauda) Infection in Rat Urinary Bladder
Authors: Sikora Vladyslav , Lуndіn Mycola , Hyriavenko Natalia , Moskalenko Roman , Lуndіna Yulia , Sikora Kateryna , Chyzhma Ruslana , Diachenko Olena , Romaniuk Anatolii 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Trichosomoides crassicauda (T. crassicauda) is a parasite commonly localized in the urinary bladder (UB) of laboratory and wild rats. The presence of these helminths can influence the prediction of pathological changes in the UB. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to make a comprehensive study of the features of the morphological changes in the UB wall of white laboratory rats as a result of T. crassicauda infestation. The study was performed on male rats using histological (Hematoxyline-Eosin and Alcian Blue staining) and immunohistochemical (Ki-67, Hsp70, Hsp90α, CD3 and CD20) methods. T. crassicauda was detected in both urine and UB samples. Morphological changes were observed as disruption in urothelial cell stratification and insignificant proliferative and immune responses in the UB. Increased heat shock protein levels were observed which may suggest a natural body’s resistance to this parasite.
Effects of Slag Addition and Mechanical Pre-Processing on the Properties of Recycled Concrete in Terms of Compressive Strength and Workability
Authors: Sadagopan Madumita , Malaga Katarina , Lundin Magnus , Nagy Agnes 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Concrete waste as crushed concrete aggregates (CCA) in structural concrete prolongs the technical life of the reference concrete accomplishing closed loop recycling. CCA concrete reaches the reference concrete compressive strength and workability by the densification of CCA and cement paste. Our previous study demonstrates CCA densification by mechanical pre-processing, aggregate quality improvements discerned by increased packing density giving reference concrete strength and workability. This study addresses paste densification with blast furnace slag (GGBS) to replace 30 (wt.%) of Portland cement at reference concrete w/b ratio 0.5 and a lower w/b 0.42. Two CCA replacements are investigated: fine aggregates, CCA50; overall aggregate replacement, CCA100.
Compressive strength results show that both CCA50, CCA100 mixes achieve reference values at w/b 0.42, only CCA100 achieves reference value at w/b 0.5 as a climate-optimized concrete. The CCA50 mix-w/b 0.5 reaches reference strength when paste densification by GGBS is combined with CCA densification from mechanical pre-processing of aggregates. The 7-day strength of CCA100 with GGBS increases by 11% by mixing with pre-soaked GGBS. Statistical analysis of CCA100 strength results shows significant improvements with GGBS compared to mechanical pre-processing. Significant improvements are possible in CCA50 mix for a combination of mechanical pre-processed aggregates and GGBS replacement.
Applicability of Existing Crack Controlling Criteria for Structures with Large Concrete Cover Thickness
Authors: Naotunna Chavin Nilanga , Samarakoon S.M Samindi M.K , Fosså Kjell Tore 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Widely used crack width calculation models and allowable crack width limits have changed from time to time and differ from region to region. It can be identified that some crack width calculation models consist with limitations for parameters like cover thickness. The current Norwegian requirement for cover thickness is larger than these limitations. The applicability of existing crack width calculation models and the allowable crack width limits must be verified for structures with large cover thickness. The background of crack width calculation models in Eurocode, Model Code 2010, Japanese code, American code and British code have been examined. By comparing the experimental crack widths with the predictions of the aforementioned models, the existing codes can be identified as requiring modification. Considering the durability aspect, it can be identified a long-term study proving that the allowable crack width can be increased with the increase in cover thickness. When considering the aesthetic aspect, the authors suggest categorizing the structures based on their prestige level and deciding the allowable crack widths accordingly. The paper proposes potential solutions for future research on how to improve both crack width calculation methods and allowable crack width limits to be used effectively in structures with large cover thickness.
Determination of the Stress Increase of the Unbonded Tendon in a Continuous Concrete Beam at Ultimate Capacity Using Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Nakari Tarja , Laaksonen Anssi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Predicting the stress increase of an unbonded tendon in a post-tensioned continuous concrete beam at ultimate capacity is more difficult than when bonded tendons are used. The failure mechanisms of the continuous beam are also different to that of the simple-span beam. The loading type, ductility of the support area and moment redistribution influence the behaviour of the continuous structures. In this research, the simplified nonlinear analysis was used for predicting the unbonded tendon stress increase at ultimate capacity in continuous two-span beams. The model is based on the moment-curvature relationships of the reinforced concrete cross-sections under different compressive forces and deformations of the continuous beam under loading. The results have been compared with the experimental results of recent studies found in the literature. In addition, 92 unbonded post-tensioned two-span beams with different reinforcements have been examined by using the model and compared to the results obtained from empirical equations from the literature. The results from the nonlinear analysis correspond well to the results from the other models up to the reinforcement ratio of 0.35. The calculated values of the maximum moment capacity at the centre support were close to the results from the test beams.
Service Life of Concrete Pedestal without Air Entrainment
Authors: Lindman Niko , Kallio Jukka , Lahdensivu Jukka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Service life of nine wind power unit pedestals, which concrete grades between C45 and C55, were studied with four different service life models. The exact service life could be calculated only with two of them with the initial data.
The service life models that were used in calculations:

• Factor method

• Deterioration and service life prediction of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles in Na2SO4 Solution-method

Service life models that were considered only at theoretical level:

• FIB Bulletin 34 – Model Code for Service Life Design, and

• An equation for determining freeze-thaw fatigue damage in concrete and a model for predicting the service life.

The latter two methods are more theoretical, and they require laboratory tests to obtain more information before the calculations can be properly executed.
This article concludes that damage to concrete due to freeze-thaw cracking is still poorly known and a sufficiently accurate service life model has not yet been developed for its computational modeling. Therefore, there is a need to develop a service life model suitable for Finnish climate and concrete grades, which could be used for estimating the damage rate of an existing concrete structure.
A Comprehensive Summary of Available Legislation and Practices in Demolition and Construction & Demolition Waste Management in the Arctic Region
Authors: Nováková Iveta , Drozdyuk Tatiana , Ohenoja Katja , Ayzenshtadt Arcady , Arntsen Bård , Perumal Priyadharshini , Dyvesveen Martin Skjerve 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The need for better natural resource use is currently increasingly recognised, and high emphasis is given to the circularity of building materials and the reduction of activities with negative environmental impact. Legislation, guidelines, and other documentation play an important role in improving demolition activities and construction and demolition waste (CDW) management. Good practices in CDW handling is not achievable without knowledge about CDW recovery techniques described in guidelines and other documents.
Demolition activities in arctic regions could be more challenging due to harsh climate conditions, and therefore the cooperation between Russia, Norway and Finland was established to boost the uptake of good practices in demolition activities and CDW management. The main subject of this article is an overview of presently used demolition practices, CDW management, and verification of areas where practices with lower environmental impact and increase of material circularity could be utilised. Two fundamental documents, namely “EU Construction & Demolition Waste Management Protocol” and “Guidelines for the waste audits before demolition and renovation works of buildings” [1, 2], were published by the European Union (EU) in 2019 and serve as a foundation for changes in demolition activities and CDW management in EU and adventitiously also in the Russian Federation and Norway.
From Waste to Resource – Utilising Residue from Ready-Made Concrete as New Aggregate
Authors: Adomako Solomon , Heimdal Anette , Thorstensen Rein Terje 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A new admixture is available, to reduce the sludge produced from the cleansing of production and transportation equipment in the fresh concrete industry. The result is agglomerations of hardening concrete, that might be utilised for aggregate. Utilisation depends on adequate properties. This paper reports from investigations on the physical and mechanical properties of the aggregate and discussions on the performance relative to natural and recycled aggregates and towards requirements for utilisation. The findings indicate substantial potential for utilisation, supporting the reduction of waste for deposit and development of the concrete industry towards a circular economy.
Organizational Factors of Innovativeness in Serbian Enterprises
Authors: Pitić Goran , Vučković Aleksandar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper analyses correlations between several organizational characteristics and product/process innovations in enterprises in Serbia. We used the World Bank Enterprise Survey data on 339 small, medium, and large companies from various industries. Many of the factors analysed in this study are consistent with theoretical conclusions in the literature on this topic and relate to organizational maturity. Also, factors such as the size of the company and the industry to which it belongs were analysed. For correlations testing, the Chi-square correlation coefficient and the Cramer’s V test were used. The analysis revealed correlations between innovativeness and many organizational characteristics. However, in some cases, contrary to theoretical claims, correlations were not confirmed. We found that the introduction of new products and/or processes in the company is influenced by business strategy, production targets, number of performance indicators monitored, establishment of quality management system, formal training programs for company’s full-time employees, ease of achieving the company’s production targets, level of awareness of management and employees about the company’s production targets, spending on research and development activities within the company, and acquisition of external knowledge, way of promoting non-managers in a company, time frame of the company’s production targets, company’s size and main market.
The European Social Fund Supports the Reintegration of the Long-term Unemployed Individuals Aged 50+ Into the Labor Market - A Comparison of the Federal States in Austria
Authors: Kadri Azra , Bobek Vito , Horvat Tatjana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper shows the importance of European Social Fund’s (ESF) countermeasures for reintegrating long-term unemployed persons aged 50+ in Austria since their number has increased in recent years. Four research questions are defined, which deal with the theoretical background, the ESF’s contribution, the possible causes of long-term unemployment, and their reflection in a country comparison figures. For the qualitative methodology, we conducted expert interviews and case study analysis. Concerning the quantitative method, we evaluated raw data from the AMS Public Employment Service, Austria, and Statistics, Austria. A correlation was established based on the content-related evaluation of the theoretical approaches, the expert analysis, and the presentation of statistics. It is necessary to identify the causes in time and take appropriate measures to prevent them from combating long-term unemployment among this target group.
E MONASTERY OF THE NATIVITY OF THE VIRGIN IN VLADIMIR: FROM THE FOUNDATION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ARCHIMANDRITIA
Authors: Артамонов Ю.А. 
Published: July 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена событиям ранней истории Рождественского монастыря во Владимире Залесском. На основе анализа летописных текстов автор приходит к выводу, что обитель была основана владимирским князем Всеволодом Юрьевичем (1176–1212 г.) в период, когда Ростовскую кафедру занимал епископ Лука (1184–1189 г.). Она создавалась не только как место молитвы, но и как «школа» будущих архиереев. Княжеское покровительство обеспечило монастырю первенствующее положение в Северо-Восточной Руси, что привело к возведению его настоятеля в сан архимандрита. Это событие можно датировать зимой – началом весны 1227 или осенью 1230 г. Последняя дата представляется более вероятной.
The paper is dedicated to the early history of the Monastery of the Nativity of the Virgin in Vladimir-upon-Klyazma. On the base of the analysis of the chronicle text, the author concludes that the house was founded by Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich of Vladimir (1176–1212), when the Bishop of Rostov was Luke (1184–1189). The house was intended to be not only a place of worship, but also a “school” of future bishops. The patronage of the princes secured for the monastery an extraordinary position among the religious houses of North-Eastern Rus, and later abbots of the monastery obtained the title of archimandrite. This event can be dated either to the winter or early spring of 1227, or to the autumn of 1230, the latter date being preferable.

Keywords: North-Eastern Rus, Vladimir-Suzdal Land, the Monastery of the Nativity of the Virgin in Vladimir, Metropolitan Cyril I of Kiev, Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich of Vladimir, Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich of Pereyaslavl, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov, archimandrite, abbot, monastery, monastic church
ON DYNASTIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FIRST MOSCOW PRINCES
Authors: Горский А.А. 
Published: July 2021

В статье обосновывается предположение, что женой первого московского князя Даниила Александровича и матерью его сыновей была дочь галицкого князя Льва Даниловича. В конце XIII – начале XIV в. существовал московско-галицкий союз, внесший вклад в укрепление позиций Московского княжества.
The author argues that first Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich was married on the daughter of Galich prince Lev Danilovich. The alliance of Moscow and Galich princes at the end of the 13th – the beginning of the 14th century contributed to the strengthening of Moscow principality.
THE SUBJECT OF THE LIFETIME ENDING IN THE RUSSIAN CHRONICLES OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 12th CENTUARY (THE LAST DAYS OF THE PRINCE)
Authors: Конявская Е.Л. 
Published: July 2021

В статье рассмотрены летописные известия и повествования второй половины XII в., содержащие материал, касающийся представлений наших предков о конце земной жизни. Проанализированы рассказы о последних днях и похоронах Ростислава Мстиславича, Святослава Ольговича, Мстислава и Давыда Ростиславичей, Святослава Всеволодовича, Изяслава Давыдовича, Владимира Андреевича Дорогобужского.
The article brings to light the chronicles information and narrations of the second half of the 12th century concerning the idea of the lifetime ending. The last days and funeral of Rostislav Mstislavich, Svyatoslav Ol’govich, Mstislav and Davyd Rostislavichy, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, Izyaslav Davydovich, Vladimir Andreevich Dorogobuzhskii are studied.
On the Greek Texts of Maximus the Greek in Russia
Authors: Журова Л.И. 
Published: July 2021

И. Шевченко поставил вопрос о возможности существования в рукописном наследии Максима Грека, созданном в России, греческих черновиков или оригиналов писателя. В статье изложены история текста и анализ поэтики 45-й главы Хлудовского кодекса («Словеса, созданные скорбящим иноком, затворенным в темнице, которыми он себя утешал в 1532 г.»), позволяющие высказать версию о существовании первоначального варианта текста на греческом языке. Сопоставление сочинения с «Ответом Святому собору» (1548 г.) объясняет высказывание Максима Грека о себе: «тот, кто был элладцем, сегодня стал гиперборейцем».
Shevchenko raised a question if in manuscript heritage of Maximus the Greek created in Russia there can be the writer’s Greek drafts or originals. The article contains the history of the text and the analysis of poetics of Khludovskoe collection’s 45th chapter (“The Words Created by a Mournful Endungeoned Monk Which He Used to Comfort Himself in 1532”). Thus it allows to introduce a theory concerning the existence of the original text in Greek. Comparing it to “The Answer to the Holy Cathedral” (1548) we can explain the meaning of Maximus the Greek’s statement about himself: “The one who used to be Helladic today has become a Hyperborean”.
DAMPAK CYBER BULLYING PADA PRIBADI SISWA DAN PENANGANANNYA DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ruliyatin Endah , Ridhowati Dwi 
Published: July 2021

Semakin pesat perkembangan teknologi digital saat ini, secara tidak langsung berdampak lajaran pada perkembangan komunikasi dan gaya hidup masyarakat. Seperti halnya penggunaan internet dalam masa pandemi covid-19 saat ini dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat tidak bisa terlepas dari gawai, khususnya pada anak-anak dan siswa usia pelajar mereka pembelajarannya melalui daring, otomatis komunikasi antar teman, guru semuanya di lakukan dengan chat online. Penggunaan internet pada siswa yang di luar kendali pengawasan orang tua, bisa saja menyebabkan salah satu ancaman pada peekembangan komunikasi siswa itu sendiri, yang sering terjadi ancaman komunikasi berbentuk Cyber Bullying.Cyber Bullying merupakan bagian dari problematika siswa, terkadang pelaku tidak menyadari dan bertindak di luar batas norma kepada orang lain dengan cara mengirim statement atau memosting gambar/foto yang menjatuhkan kredibilitas harga diri orang lain, melakukan ancaman, menghina, serta melakukan serangan sosial media dalam berbagai bentuk, dengan memanfaatkan jaringan internet atau teknologi digital lainnya sebagai medianya. Selama pembelajaran daring, orang tua/anggota keluarga wajib memantau putra-putrinya dalam menggunakan media sosial untuk meminimalisir tindakan Cyber Bullying. Oleh karen itu, artikel ini ditulis sebagai salah satu upaya menjawab isu permasalahan sosial tersebut.
IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK SELF CONTROL UNTUK MENGURANGI KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ferdian Eva Yuanita , Wulandari Fitriana Dyah 
Published: July 2021

Sebagian besar peserta didik pada saat pandemi covid-19 mengalami kebosanan dengan situasi yang belum normal, oleh sebab itu salah satu dampak dari kebosanan peserta didik dalam melakukan pembelajaran daring yakni dengan bermain game online, permainan game online meningkat penggunaannya ketika di masa pandemi covid-19. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari jumlah pengguna game online antara sebelum dan pada saat pandemi covid-19, waktu lama bermain pengguna game online juga mengalami peningkatan signifikan yakni sebesar 47 persen. Kondisi mental pada anak/peserta didik rata-rata masih labil sehingga mudah lepas kontrol ketika sedang asyik dengan bermain game online, Untuk menangani masalah kecanduan game online peserta didik agar tidak berkelanjutan, maka perlu diberikan suatu teknik untuk membimbing peserta didik dalam upaya mengurangi tingkat kecanduan game online. Dengan diberikannya suatu teknik pengubahan perilaku, maka peserta didik dapat mengontrol dan mengarahkan perilakunya ke arah asertif yang lebih positif. Pemilihan teknik yang berfungsi untuk mengubah perilaku dapat digunakan pendekatan kognitif behavior. Salah satu teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik self control. Guru bimbingan Konseling bisa mengimplementasikan self control untuk mengurangi kecanduan game online pada peserta didiknya di masa pandemi covid-19 ini dengan menggunakan metode konseling daring.
Gastrointestinal manifestations as early symptoms to diagnose COVID-19 paediatric cases
Authors: Robinson J , Banerjee I , Leclézio A 
Published: July 2021

Background: The international situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic is seeing multiple countries battle various waves of the SARS-CoV-2 virus infections, with millions of individuals being infected globally. COVID-19 cases initially involved the immuno-compromised and elderly. As the virus has infected millions globally, the demographic profile of cases has shifted with more children being infected; this increase in younger individuals contracting the infection has resulted in new symptoms with altered manifestations and presentations of the disease in the young. In comparison to the severe symptoms of COVID-19 in adults children present with a more trivial group of symptoms. The majority of children develop mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic. This is in stark contrast to adults who have a higher admission rate with severe symptoms. A sign of great importance and now incidence in pediatric cases with COVID-19 is that of the gastrointestinal tract. The virus has a tropism for the GIT due to the presence of ACE2 receptors, which facilitate the entry of the virus into the cell.
Conclusion: It is now established that the GIT symptoms form part of a newly recognized multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) which occurs as a result and or manifestation of the COVID-19 infection. The innate difficulty in correctly and accurately diagnosing such a case is that the symptoms very close mimic gastroenteritis and acute abdominal pathologies. Therefore, physicians need to be aware of the various manners in which the COVID-19 infection manifests itself in children to diagnose better and isolate the cases.