bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Blood Donation Among Mbarara University of Science and Technology Students.
Authors:   , Karugaba Henry , Nantongo Hanifah 
Published: March 2021

Background: Blood donation is the voluntary withdrawal of blood from an individual, after undergoing some medical screening in order to ensure the safety of both the donor and the recipient. Blood donation is crucial and indispensable in the medical process of saving lives. Globally, 112.5 million blood donations were made in 180 countries in 2013. Uganda needs at least 340,000 units of safe blood annually, but usually, only 200,000 units are collected yearly. Although massive blood donation campaigns are carried out to obtain blood, there is still more demand for blood within hospitals. Student populations are considered healthy, active, and receptive, thus, regarded as potential blood donors. This study sought to explore the barriers to blood donation among MUST students. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive design was used in this study. A purposive sampling method was used to select respondents from different faculties at MUST. Four FGDs were employed in the study and data were collected using a focus group discussion guide. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze data. Results: The study revealed different barriers to blood donation among students. Three broad themes were generated from the analysis; personal barriers related to blood donation, socio-cultural variations affecting blood donation, and the barriers concerning the blood donation process. Conclusion and recommendations: Although participants reported willingness to donate blood, it was found to be affected by barriers ranging from individuals related to the system/process in which blood is collected. Addressing these barriers may improve blood donation by MUST students.
Halogen activation in the plume of Masaya volcano: field observations and box model investigations
Authors: Rüdiger Julian , Gutmann Alexandra , Bobrowski Nicole , Liotta Marcello , de Moor J. Maarten , Sander Rolf , Dinger Florian , Tirpitz Jan-Lukas , Ibarra Martha , Saballos Armando , Martínez María , Mendoza Elvis , Ferrufino Arnoldo , Stix John , Valdés Juan , Castro Jonathan M. , Hoffmann Thorsten 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Volcanic emissions are a source of halogens in the
atmosphere. Rapid reactions convert the initially emitted hydrogen halides
(HCl, HBr, and HI) into reactive species such as BrO, Br2, BrCl, ClO, OClO, and
IO. The activation reaction mechanisms in the plume consume ozone (O3),
which is entrained by ambient air that is mixed into the plume. In this study, we present
observations of the oxidation of bromine, chlorine, and iodine during the
first 11 min following emission, examining the plume from Santiago crater of the
Masaya volcano in Nicaragua. Two field campaigns were conducted: one in July
2016 and one in September 2016. The sum of the reactive species of each halogen was
determined by gas diffusion denuder sampling followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis,
whereas the total halogens and sulfur concentrations were obtained by
alkaline trap sampling with subsequent ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements. Both
ground and airborne sampling with an unoccupied aerial vehicle (carrying a
denuder sampler in combination with an electrochemical SO2 sensor) were
conducted at varying distances from the crater rim. The in situ measurements
were accompanied by remote sensing observations (differential optical absorption spectroscopy; DOAS). The reactive
fraction of bromine increased from 0.20 ± 0.13 at the crater rim to
0.76 ± 0.26 at 2.8 km downwind, whereas chlorine showed an increase in
the reactive fraction from (2.7 ± 0.7) × 10−4 to
(11 ± 3) × 10−4 in the first 750 m. Additionally, a
reactive iodine fraction of 0.3 at the crater rim and 0.9 at 2.8 km downwind was
measured. No significant change in BrO / SO2 molar ratios was observed
with the estimated age of the observed plume ranging from 1.4 to 11.1 min. This study presents a large complementary data set of different halogen
compounds at Masaya volcano that allowed for the quantification of reactive
bromine in the plume of Masaya volcano at different plume ages. With the
observed field data, a chemistry box model (Chemistry As A Boxmodel Application
Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere; CAABA/MECCA) allowed us to
reproduce the observed trend in the ratio of the reactive bromine to total
bromine ratio. An observed contribution of BrO to the reactive bromine
fraction of about 10 % was reproduced in the first few minutes of the
model run.
Seismicity during and after stimulation of a 6.1 km deep enhanced geothermal system in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Leonhardt Maria , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Martínez-Garzón Patricia , Bohnhoff Marco , Saarno Tero , Heikkinen Pekka , Dresen Georg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In this study, we present a high-resolution dataset of
seismicity framing the stimulation campaign of a 6.1 km deep enhanced
geothermal system (EGS) in the Helsinki suburban area and discuss the complexity
of fracture network development. Within the St1 Deep Heat project, 18 160 m3 of water was injected over 49 d in summer 2018. The seismicity
was monitored by a seismic network of near-surface borehole sensors framing
the EGS site in combination with a multi-level geophone array located at
≥ 2 km of depth. We expand the original catalog of Kwiatek et al. (2019),
including detected seismic events and earthquakes that occurred 2 months
after the end of injection, totaling 61 163 events. We relocated events
of the catalog with moment magnitudes between Mw −0.5 and Mw 1.9
using the double-difference technique and a new velocity model derived from
a post-stimulation vertical seismic profiling (VSP) campaign. The analysis of the
fault network development at a reservoir depth of 4.5–7 km is one primary
focus of this study. To achieve this, we investigate 191 focal mechanisms of
the induced seismicity using a cross-correlation-based technique. Our
results indicate that seismicity occurred in three spatially separated
clusters centered around the injection well. We observe a spatiotemporal
migration of the seismicity during the stimulation starting from the
injection well in the northwest–southeast (NW–SE) direction and in
the northeast (NE) direction towards greater depth. The spatial evolution of the
cumulative seismic moment, the distribution of events with Mw≥1,
and the fault plane orientations of focal mechanisms indicate an active
network of at least three NW–SE- to NNW–SSE-oriented permeable zones, which
is interpreted to be responsible for the migration of seismic activity away from
the injection well. Fault plane solutions of the best-constrained focal
mechanisms and results for the local stress field orientation
indicate a reverse faulting regime and suggest that seismic slip occurred on
a sub-parallel network of pre-existing weak fractures favorably oriented
with the stress field, striking NNW–SEE with a dip of 45∘ ENE
parallel to the injection well.
CK Telecoms/Commissie: ‘bridging the gap’ tussen Airtours en SIEC-test?
Authors: Braeken B.J.H. , Versteeg X.Y.G. 
Published: March 2021

CK Telecoms/Commissie: ‘bridging the gap’ tussen Airtours en SIEC-test?
Op 28 mei 2020 heeft het Gerecht van de Europese Unie de beschikking van de Europese Commissie vernietigd waarin de Commissie de overname van Telefónica UK door CK Hutchison UK (nadien ‘CK Telecom UK’) – een zogenoemde 4-naar-3-telecomfusie in het Verenigd Koninkrijk – verbood. In dit arrest wordt voor de eerste maal de toepassing van de ‘significant impediment to effective competition’ (SIEC)-test op zogenoemde ‘gap’-zaken onderworpen aan een (indringende) rechterlijke toetsing. Gap-zaken zijn concentratiezaken waarbij geen sprake is van het creëren of versterken van een dominante machtspositie, maar waarbij mogelijk een significante beperking van de concurrentie optreedt doordat de fusie leidt tot de vermindering van concurrentiedruk op een beperkt aantal overgebleven marktspelers. De maatstaf die het Gerecht in CK Telecoms/Commissie aanlegt, lijkt bijzonder zwaar en nadert de bewijsstandaard voor collectieve dominantie zoals geformuleerd in het Airtours-arrest. Dit zal het moeilijk maken voor de Commissie (en nationale mededingingsautoriteiten) om dergelijke fusies in oligopolide markten in de toekomst nog te verbieden.Gerecht 28 mei 2020, zaak T-399/16, ECLI:EU:T:2020:217 (CK Telecoms UK Investments/Commissie).
Sirtuiny – enzymy o wielokierunkowej aktywności katalitycznej
Authors: Kratz Ewa Maria , Sołkiewicz Katarzyna , Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Piwowar Agnieszka 
Published: March 2021

Streszczenie
Sirtuiny (SIRT) są deacetylazami histonów zależnymi od NAD+, które odgrywają istotną rolę w funkcjonowaniu organizmu ludzkiego. Przypisuje się im udział w licznych procesach zachodzących w komórkach m.in. w potranslacyjnej modyfikacji białek, wyciszaniu transkrypcji genów, indukowaniu procesów naprawczych, a także w regulacji procesów metabolicznych. Wykazano również, że sirtuiny odgrywają istotną rolę w obniżaniu poziomu reaktywnych form tlenu, jak również w stymulacji wzrostu komórek, ich starzeniu się i śmierci. Tak szeroki zakres procesów, na które mają wpływ sirtuiny powoduje, że sirtuiny stały się obiektem wielu badań mających na celu szczegółowe poznanie mechanizmów ich działania i roli jaką odgrywają.
Celem opracowania było zebranie i usystematyzowanie informacji dotyczących sirtuin, głównie z ostatnich 10 lat, zarówno tych dotyczących organizmu ludzkiego, jak i opartych na wynikach badań na modelach zwierzęcych, czy liniach komórkowych. W artykule omówiono budowę, funkcję i rolę biologiczną jaką sirtuiny odgrywają w procesach komórkowych.
Guidelines and reality in studies on the economic costs of alcohol use: a systematic review
Authors: Carr Sinclair , Rehm Jürgen , Manthey Jakob 
Published: March 2021

Aim: To identify guidelines for estimating alcohol-attributable cost of illness (COI) and actual COI studies, and to assess to what extent core recommendations have been implemented.
Design: The systematic review was conducted in February 2019 according to the PRISMA statement. Relevant COI guidelines and actual alcohol COI studies published since 2009 (when the last systematic review was published) were identified by searching databases MEDLINE and EMBASE, as well as literature known by the authors.
Measures: Standards and recommendations of published COI guidelines, and actual COI studies estimating the total costs of alcohol.
Findings: Fourteen guidelines and eighteen COI studies were identified, and relevant indicators were extracted. Large discrepancies between recommended and implemented methods were determined. Contrary to most current guidelines, which were barely acknowledged at all, (a) predefined direct and indirect cost groups were only partially included, (b) estimates were compared with GDP in only about half of the studies, and (c) avoidable costs – a complementary concept to the more common scenario of complete alcohol abstinence – were never estimated.
Conclusions: Adherence to guidelines in published COI studies is low. We propose content-related and software-based solutions to adopting a common standard, which could reduce heterogeneity and enhance comparability in alcohol COI studies.
Transdermal Electrochemical Monitoring of Glucose via High‐Density Silicon Microneedle Array Patch
Authors: Dervisevic Muamer , Alba Maria , Yan Li , Senel Mehmet , Gengenbach Thomas R. , Prieto‐Simon Beatriz , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrent technology for blood glucose level monitoring is mainly based on the invasive finger‐prick extraction of a small drop of blood using a lancet and measured via a handheld glucometer, which is not conducive to continuous measurements. Interstitial fluid (ISF) is gaining attention as an alternative biofluid. Its biochemical composition is very similar to that of blood and it can be monitored in a continuous manner via minimally invasive methods that cause no pain and minimize any risk of infection. Herein, a microneedle array (MNA) based transdermal sensing system for the pain free monitoring of ISF glucose is presented. High‐density silicon microneedles (≈9500 microneedles cm−2) are used to prepare a three‐electrode patch for the electrochemical monitoring of glucose. The MNA glucose patch shows very good selectivity when tested in artificial ISF, with a sensitivity of 0.1622 µA mm−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.66 mm. In vivo application of the microneedle array in mice shows that the ISF glucose concentrations obtained with the MNA sensor gave very good correlation with the blood glucose levels determined with a commercial glucometer. This microneedle‐based sensing system hence provides an alternative transdermal diagnostic tool to the invasive existing techniques.
Modification of Energy Level Alignment for Boosting Carbon‐Based CsPbI2Br Solar Cells with 14% Certified Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Guizhi , Xie Pengfei , Huang Zhaoshuai , Yang Zechao , Pan Zhenxiao , Fang Yueping , Rao Huashang , Zhong Xinhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHole transfer material (HTM)‐free, carbon‐based all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) are promising alternatives to conventional organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs in addressing thermal and moisture instability issues. However, the energy level mismatch between the inorganic perovskite and carbon electrode coupled, together with the incapability of the carbon electrode to reflect incident light for reabsorption, limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of C‐PSCs. To address these issues, herein, a new strategy of a hexyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)‐modified CsPbI2Br perovskite surface is devised to reduce this energy offset from 0.70 to 0.32 eV and increase the built‐in potential by 70 mV for the final devices. Additionally, a CsPbI2Br perovskite film with a thickness of up to 800 nm is realized via a hot‐flow‐assisted spin coating approach in an ambient atmosphere with humidity of less than 80%. Reduced energy offset coupled with suppressed charge recombination and thick perovskite layer boosts the champion PCE of CsPbI2Br C‐PSCs to 14.3% (Jsc = 14.1 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.26 V, and fill factor = 0.806), and the average PCE to 13.9% under one sun illumination. A new certified efficiency record of 14.0% is obtained for HTM‐free inorganic C‐PSCs. Meanwhile, the moisture‐resistant barrier from the alkyl chain in HTAB improves the stability of the final devices.
Primary effusion lymphoma in a patient with a good outcome on steroid alone treatment
Authors: Koren Ofir , Aviv Ariel , Kelbert Moran Avraham , Rozner Ehud , Lihtman Liza , Halfin Elya , Turgeman Yoav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSame clinical entity can have different biology and can behave differently. This must be kept in mind while making therapeutic decisions. Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare and devastating disease with high fatality. Chemotherapy provides limited benefit. We describe a unique case of a good outcome with steroid alone treatment.
Health‐related quality‐of‐life assessment of patients with solid tumors on immuno‐oncology therapies
Authors: Voon Pei Jye , Cella David , Hansen Aaron R. 
Published: March 2021

Immuno‐oncology therapies have been approved for various solid tumors; however, the high cost of these treatments and their potential toxicities require a thorough assessment of their risks and benefits. Collection of data directly from patients through patient‐reported outcome instruments can improve the precision and reliability of adverse event detection, assess tolerability of adverse events, and provide an evaluation of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) changes from immuno‐oncology therapies. There is robust development in HRQOL tools specifically for patients treated with immuno‐oncology agents. This review examines the history and basic concepts of HRQOL and patient‐reported outcome assessments commonly used in oncological trials, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches when applied to immunotherapies, as well as some of the current efforts to develop tools for this field and opportunities for future research.Lay Summary

Immuno‐oncology (IO) therapies are costly and carry potential toxicities known as immune‐related adverse events.

Evaluation of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) can impact the risk‐benefit assessment of IO therapies.

Integration of HRQOL end points and patient‐reported outcome data for IO therapies are urgently needed.

Ongoing robust development of patient‐reported outcome tools specific to IO therapies are currently underway and will permit the evaluation of HRQOL for IO agents.

Improvement in precision and reliability of HRQOL evaluation will enhance the ultimate true value of these expensive and effective drugs.
To study the role of pre‐treatment microRNA (micro ribonucleic acid) expression as a predictor of response to chemoradiation in locally advanced carcinoma cervix
Authors: Barik Soumitra , Mitra Swarupa , Suryavanshi Moushumi , Dewan Abhinav , Kaur Inderjeet , Kumar Dushyant , Mishra Maninder , Vishwakarma Gayatri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced carcinoma cervix. There is no prognostic factor at present to predict the outcome of disease in locally advanced carcinoma cervix.AimDifferential expression of microRNAs can be used as biomarkers to predict clinical response in locally advanced carcinoma cervix patients.MethodsThirty‐two patients of locally advanced carcinoma cervix with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IB‐IVA were enrolled from 2017 to 2018. Expression of microRNA‐9 5p, ‐31 3p, ‐100 5p, ‐125a 5p, ‐125b‐5p, and –200a 5p in formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) biopsied tissue were analyzed by real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR). Pretreatment evaluation was done with clinical examination and MRI pelvis. All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy. Patients were evaluated for the clinical response after 3 months of treatment, with clinical examination and MRI pelvis scan using RECIST 1.1 criteria. Patients with no residual disease were classified as Complete responders (CR) and with residual or progressive disease were classified as Nonresponders (NR). Results were statistically analyzed using Mann Whiney U test to examine significant difference between the expression of microRNA between complete responders (CR) and nonresponders (NR).ResultsmicroRNA‐100 5p was upregulated in complete responders (CR) which showed a trend towards statistical significance (p value = 0.05).ConclusionmicroRNA‐100 5p can serve as a potential molecular biomarker in predicting clinical response to chemoradiation in locally advanced Carcinoma cervix. Its role should be further investigated in a larger study population.
Towards human‐oriented solutions for deep semantic data analysis
Authors: Ogiela Lidia , Snášel Václav 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis paper presents a new data analysis technology based on human‐oriented analysis. This analysis covers semantic methods of data description and interpretation referring to marketing preferences of system users. The proposed methods of cognitive marketing – in order to interpret fully all possible preferences which can occur – are a subject to an analysis focusing on their meaning and usefulness at the stage of product evaluation, promotion, but also regarding product distribution and price. All these processes will constitute marketing analysis due to the possibilities to assess some preferences of the analyzed data. The essence of this paper is a possibility to present the methodology of cognitive marketing based on the application of the meaning analysis which reaches the human brain and the attention attractors registered by the brain, which give rise to some interest or, quite the contrary, which remain unnoticed. A new solution is dedicated to deep semantic analysis based on the registration, processing, and analysis of attention attractors and their perception by individual person. Such attractors can be detected on the basis of observation of how attention is focused on some specific features of the examined information groups. The variety of the examined information and data can enable a wide‐ranging analysis of the issue discussed here; as a result, can assess the degree to which human attention focuses on the process of meaning interpretation of various cognitive features and observations.
Temporal and spatial variation in population structure among brooding sea stars in the genus Leptasterias
Authors: Melroy Laura M. , Cohen C. Sarah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTemporal genetic studies of low‐dispersing organisms are rare. Marine invertebrates lacking a planktonic larval stage are expected to have lower dispersal, low gene flow, and a higher potential for local adaptation than organisms with planktonic dispersal. Leptasterias is a genus of brooding sea stars containing several cryptic species complexes. Population genetic methods were used to resolve patterns of fine‐scale population structure in central California Leptasterias species using three loci from nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Historic samples (collected between 1897 and 1998) were compared to contemporary samples (collected between 2008 and 2014) to delineate changes in species distributions in space and time. Phylogenetic analysis of contemporary samples confirmed the presence of a bay‐localized clade and revealed the presence of an additional bay‐localized and previously undescribed clade of Leptasterias. Analysis of contemporary and historic samples indicates two clades are experiencing a constriction in their southern range limit and suggests a decrease in clade‐specific abundance at sites at which they were once prevalent. Historic sampling revealed a dramatically different distribution of diversity along the California coastline compared to contemporary sampling and illustrates the importance of temporal genetic sampling in phylogeographic studies. These samples were collected prior to significant impacts of Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) and represent an in‐depth analysis of genetic structure over 117 years prior to the SSWD‐associated mass die‐off of Leptasterias.
Pregnancy in a patient with Rothmund‐Thomson type 2 syndrome
Authors: Bognoni Ludovica , Colombo Elisa A. , Priolo Manuela , Bognoni Vincenzo , Romeo Sara G. 
Published: March 2021

SynopsisThe present study reports a rare case of pregnancy in a 31‐year‐old woman with Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome type 2 who gave birth without major complications.
Multiple organ dysfunction caused by a ruptured aortic sinus aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Song Jingyu , Pan Xinting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAortic sinus aneurysms are mainly congenital malformations that can involve the left, right, and noncoronary sinus. Rupture of the noncoronary sinus aneurysms is rare, and its mechanisms and complications are still imperfectly known due to the rarity of this condition. A case of multiple organ dysfunction caused by a ruptured noncoronary sinus aneurysm has been reported.