bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of P-Wave Velocity in Settling Drilling Fluids
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Hossain , Skorpa Ragnhild , Stroisz Anna Magdalena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Drilling and completion fluids (muds) are complex suspensions that typically contain weight material (such as barite) to increase the density, and clay particles to increase the viscosity and provide yield stress. In a static column of fluid, barite will inevitably settle. The density of the mud column gradually increases, from free fluid at the top to a compact, and possible gas tight solid at the bottom. The separation mechanism into different phases is complex, thus detailed, systematic fluid experiments is needed to fully understand the properties of settled barite. Wave velocity, commonly used to determine the condition of the borehole (and annulus), could be used to characterize, and possibly identify the different sediment phases in a mud column.
The current study investigates the evolution of acoustic wave velocity during compaction/gravity separation of mud. A laboratory setup which allows for a controlled drainage of fluid was used to resemble the sedimentation process. The study was performed on three drilling fluids: two synthetic and one commercial polymer, and three compacted barite samples using two test procedures. The first procedure focuses on investigating acoustic properties during settling. The second procedure was used to investigate the behavior of compacted barite. The result shows a decrease in the wave velocity during settling, whereas increase in the wave velocity in consolidated barite with compaction. The increase or decrease of velocity with compaction can be explained by the relative changes of modulus/stiffness and density of the studied material.
Evaluation of Welding Practices on Sour Service Performance of Carbon Steel Pipeline Girth Welds
Authors: Sidhar Harpreet , Verma Neerav , Kuo Chih-Hsiang , Belota Michael , Wasson Andrew J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent past, there have been unforeseen sour service pipeline failures in the oil and gas industry. Sub-optimal microstructure resulting in high hardness (above 250 HV10) in pipeline steel is one of the root causes of such failures. Poor girth weld quality is another leading cause which adversely affects pipeline integrity and safe operations in sour environments. While advancements in welding technologies have led to consistency in production girth welds, effects of welding parameters on performance of carbon steel pipeline girth welds for sour service are not well understood. So, a systematic study is needed to understand the effects of various welding parameters on weld properties and performance.
This paper aims at evaluating the effects of various welding parameters on performance of girth welds to provide welding practice guidelines for sour service pipeline applications. In this effort, several welds on X65 grade line pipe girth welds using commercially available welding consumables were made to study the effects of preheat, hot pass tempering, copper backing, root pass heat input, wire consumable chemistry, single vs. dual torch, metal transfer mode, pipe fit-up (root gap, misalignment), on weld root performance. Detailed microhardness mapping and microstructural characterization were conducted. It was evident that the welding parameters studied have a significant impact on root performance. While preheat and pipe fit-up showed most significant impact on weld root performance, other parameters also affected the root performance by varying degree. Based on these results, recommendations for industry are provided to improve reliability of pipeline girth welds in sour service application.
GABA induces a hormonal counter-regulatory response in subjects with long-standing type 1 diabetes
Authors: Espes Daniel , Liljebäck Hanna , Hill Henrik , Elksnis Andris , Caballero-Corbalan José , Birnir Bryndis , Carlsson Per-Ola 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionExperimentally, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been found to exert immune-modulatory effects and induce beta-cell regeneration, which make it a highly interesting substance candidate for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In many countries, including those in the European Union, GABA is considered a pharmaceutical drug. We have therefore conducted a safety and dose escalation trial with the first controlled-release formulation of GABA, Remygen (Diamyd Medical).Research design and methodsSix adult male subjects with long-standing T1D (age 24.8±1.5 years, disease duration 14.7±2.2 years) were enrolled in an 11-day dose escalation trial with a controlled-release formulation of GABA, Remygen. Pharmacokinetics, glucose control and hormonal counter-regulatory response during hypoglycemic clamps were evaluated at every dose increase (200 mg, 600 mg and 1200 mg).ResultsDuring the trial there were no serious and only a few, transient, adverse events reported. Without treatment, the counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia was severely blunted. Intake of 600 mg GABA more than doubled the glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol responses to hypoglycemia.ConclusionsWe find that the GABA treatment was well tolerated and established a counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia in long-standing T1D. Further studies regarding not only the clinical potential of Remygen for beta-cell regeneration but also its potential use as hypoglycemic prophylaxis are warranted.Trail registration numberNCT03635437and EudraCT2018-001115-73.
Values and other decisional factors regarding treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bassatne Aya , Rahme Maya , Piggott Thomas , Murad M. Hassan , Hneiny Layal , El-Hajj Fuleihan Ghada 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionHypercalcaemia of malignancy (HCM) is the second most common cause of hypercalcaemia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several treatment options are available including pharmacological therapy with bisphosphonates, denosumab, glucocorticoids and calcimimetics, as well as conventional therapy with hydration and possibly calcitonin. While guidelines have previously considered treatment effects, no guideline has yet considered a range of contextual factors impacting recommendations for the management. The aim of this study was to summarise the available evidence on important decisional factors for the development of guidelines for the treatment of HCM. These include patient’s values and preferences, cost, acceptability, feasibility and equity.Methods and analysisThis protocol is registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021264371). This is a systematic review of observational studies, case series, trials, reviews and qualitative studies involving treatment of adult patients with HCM. We will develop and execute two independent search strategies using five databases: PubMed, Medline (OVID), Embase.com, CINAHL (EBSCO) and Cochrane, and review their combined output. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and full texts and will implement data abstraction from relevant studies independently and in duplicate. The outcomes of interest are the decisional factors that influence drug selection, with possible subgroup summaries by drug class or aetiology of HCM. We will present the data collected in a narrative and thematic approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not applicable for our study, since we will only collect data from available literature. This systematic review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal when completed.
Association of age with clinical features and ablation outcomes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias
Authors: Ávila Pablo , Calvo David , Tamargo María , Uribarri Aitor , Datino Tomas , Arenal Angel , Atienza Felipe , Soto Nina , Fernández-Avilés Francisco , González-Torrecilla Esteban 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThe role of age in clinical characteristics and catheter ablation outcomes of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) or orthodromic atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) has been assessed in retrospective studies categorising age by arbitrary cut-offs, but contemporary analyses of age-related trends are lacking. We aimed to study the relationship of age with epidemiological, clinical features and catheter ablation outcomes of AVNRT and AVRT.MethodsWe recruited 600 patients (median age 56 years, 60% female) with a confirmed diagnosis of AVNRT (n=455) or AVRT (n=145) by means of an electrophysiological study. They were interrogated for arrhythmia-related symptoms with a structured questionnaire and followed up to 1 year. We analysed age as a continuous variable using regression models and adjusting for relevant covariables.ResultsBoth typical and atypical forms of AVNRT upraised with age while AVRT decreased (p<0.001 by regression). Female sex predominance in AVNRT was not observed in older patients. Overall, these tachycardias became more symptomatic with ageing despite a longer tachycardia cycle length (p<0.001) and regardless of the presence of structural heart disease, with a higher proportion of dizziness, syncope, chest pain or dyspnoea (p<0.005 for all) and a lower presence of palpitations or neck pounding (p<0.001 for both). Age was not associated with catheter ablation acute success, periprocedural complications or 1-year recurrence rates (p>0.05 for all).ConclusionsAge, evaluated as a continuous variable, had a significant association with the clinical profile of patients with AVNRT and AVRT. Nevertheless, catheter ablation outcomes and complications were not significantly related to patients’ age.
Clinicopathologic analysis of patients undergoing repeat transurethral resection of bladder tumour following an initial diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma with lamina propria invasion and variant/divergent histology
Authors: Mullane Patrick , Joshi Shreyas , Bilen Mehmet , Osunkoya Adeboye O 
Published: October 2021

AimsA subset of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UCa) and lamina propria (LP) invasion in bladder biopsies/transurethral resections (TURs) are at significant risk for recurrence and have increased rates of progression to UCa with muscularis propria (MP) invasion. The clinicopathologic features of this patient population has not been well characterised in the Pathology literature.MethodsWe performed a search through our urologic pathology files and expert consult cases of the senior author for bladder biopsies/TURs of UCa with LP invasion and variant/divergent histology from 2014 to 2020. Patients with a prior diagnosis of UCa with MP invasion or upper tract UCa were excluded. Clinicopathologic data were obtained.ResultsNinety-five patients with at least one biopsy/TUR of UCa with LP invasion and variant/divergent histology were identified. Mean patient age was 72 years (range: 46–92 years) with a male predominance 2.3:1. Initial variant/divergent histologies identified were: glandular (35.8%), squamous (23.2%), micropapillary (20%), clear cell/lipid rich (12.6%), diffuse/signet ring/plasmacytoid (10.5%), nested (9.5%), sarcomatoid (6.3%), poorly differentiated/anaplastic (4.2%), small cell (2.1%), lymphoepithelioma-like (2.1%), osteoclast-like giant cells (1.1%) and tumour giant cells (1.1%). Two or more variant histologies were identified in 18.9% of these cases. The rate of micropapillary UCa was significantly higher in multifocal tumours compared with unifocal tumours (37% vs 7.1%).ConclusionsIn our cohort of patients undergoing early repeat biopsy/TUR, 75% of patients had persistent UCa. Additionally, almost 25% of patients had a prior diagnosis of UCa without a variant/divergent histology identified. Our findings highlight the critical role of repeat biopsy/TUR especially in a subset of patients who have variant/divergent histology, even in the absence of MP invasion.
Comparing the performance of the novel FAMCAT algorithms and established case-finding criteria for familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care
Authors: Qureshi Nadeem , Akyea Ralph K , Dutton Brittany , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Humphries Steve E , Weng Stephen , Kai Joe 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common inherited disorder causing premature coronary heart disease (CHD) and death. We have developed the novel Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Case Ascertainment Tool (FAMCAT 1) case-finding algorithm for application in primary care, to improve detection of FH. The performance of this algorithm was further improved by including personal history of premature CHD (FAMCAT 2 algorithm). This study has evaluated their performance, at 95% specificity, to detect genetically confirmed FH in the general population. We also compared these algorithms to established clinical case-finding criteria.MethodsProspective validation study, in 14 general practices, recruiting participants from the general adult population with cholesterol documented. For 260 participants with available health records, we determined possible FH cases based on FAMCAT thresholds, Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) score, Simon-Broome criteria and recommended cholesterol thresholds (total cholesterol >9.0 mmol/L if ≥30 years or >7.5 mmol/L if <30 years), using clinical data from electronic and manual extraction of patient records and family history questionnaires. The reference standard was genetic testing. We examined detection rate (DR), sensitivity and specificity for each case-finding criteria.ResultsAt 95% specificity, FAMCAT 1 had a DR of 27.8% (95% CI 12.5% to 50.9%) with sensitivity of 31.2% (95% CI 11.0% to 58.7%); while FAMCAT 2 had a DR of 45.8% (95% CI 27.9% to 64.9%) with sensitivity of 68.8% (95% CI 41.3% to 89.0%). DLCN score ≥6 points yielded a DR of 35.3% (95% CI 17.3% to 58.7%) and sensitivity of 37.5% (95% CI 15.2% to 64.6%). Using recommended cholesterol thresholds resulted in DR of 28.0% (95% CI 14.3% to 47.6%) with sensitivity of 43.8% (95% CI 19.8% to 70.1%). Simon-Broome criteria had lower DR 11.3% (95% CI 6.0% to 20.0%) and specificity 70.9% (95% CI 64.8% to 76.5%) but higher sensitivity of 56.3% (95% CI 29.9% to 80.2%).ConclusionsIn primary care, in patients with cholesterol documented, FAMCAT 2 performs better than other case-finding criteria for detecting genetically confirmed FH, with no prior clinical review required for case finding.Trial registration numberNCT03934320.
Time delay in the strong field limit for null and timelike signals and its simple interpretation
Authors: Liu Haotian , Jia Junji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGravitational lensing can happen not only for null signals but also timelike signals such as neutrinos and massive gravitational waves in some theories beyond GR. In this work we study the time delay between different relativistic images formed by signals with arbitrary asymptotic velocity v in general static and spherically symmetric spacetimes. A perturbative method is used to calculate the total travel time in the strong field limit, which is found to be a quasi-power series of the small parameter $$a=1-b_c/b$$

a
=
1
-

b
c

/
b

where b is the impact parameter and $$b_c$$

b
c

is its critical value. The coefficients of the series are completely fixed by the behaviour of the metric functions near the particle sphere $$r_c$$

r
c

and only the first term of the series contains a weak logarithmic divergence. The time delay $$\Delta t_{n,m}$$

Δ

t

n
,
m

to the leading non-trivial order was shown to equal the particle sphere circumference divided by the local signal velocity and multiplied by the winding number and the redshift factor. By assuming the Sgr A* supermassive black hole is a Hayward one, we were able to validate the quasi-series form of the total time, and reveal the effects of the spacetime parameter l, the signal velocity v and the source/detector coordinate difference $$\Delta \phi _{sd}$$

Δ

ϕ

sd

on the time delay. It is found that as l increases from 0 to its critical value $$l_c$$

l
c

, both $$r_c$$

r
c

and $$\Delta t_{n,m}$$

Δ

t

n
,
m

decrease. The variation of $$\Delta t_{n+1,n}$$

Δ

t

n
+
1
,
n

for l from 0 to $$l_c$$

l
c

can be as large as $$7.2\times 10^1$$

7.2
×

10
1

[s], whose measurement then can be used to constrain the value of l. While for ultra-relativistic neutrino or gravitational wave, the variation of $$\Delta t_{n,m}$$

Δ

t

n
,
m

is too small to be resolved. The dependence of $$\Delta t_{n,-n}$$

Δ

t

n
,
-
n

on $$\Delta \phi _{sd}$$

Δ

ϕ

sd

shows that to temporally resolve the two sequences of images from opposite sides of the lens, $$|\Delta \phi _{sd}-\pi |$$

|
Δ

ϕ

sd

-
π
|

has to be larger than a certain value, or equivalently if $$|\Delta \phi _{sd}-\pi |$$

|
Δ

ϕ

sd

-
π
|

is small, the time resolution of the observatories has to be good.
Vector-meson production and vector meson dominance
Authors: Xu Y.-Z. , Chen S.-Y. , Yao Z.-Q. , Binosi D. , Cui Z.-F. , Roberts C. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider the fidelity of the vector meson dominance (VMD) assumption as an instrument for relating the electromagnetic vector-meson production reaction $$e + p \rightarrow e^\prime + V + p$$

e
+
p
→

e
′

+
V
+
p

to the purely hadronic process $$V + p \rightarrow V+p$$

V
+
p
→
V
+
p

. Analyses of the photon vacuum polarisation and the photon-quark vertex reveal that such a VMD Ansatz might be reasonable for light vector-mesons. However, when the vector-mesons are described by momentum-dependent bound-state amplitudes, VMD fails for heavy vector-mesons: it cannot be used reliably to estimate either a photon-to-vector-meson transition strength or the momentum dependence of those integrands that would arise in calculations of the different reaction amplitudes. Consequently, for processes involving heavy mesons, the veracity of both cross-section estimates and conclusions based on the VMD assumption should be reviewed, e.g., those relating to hidden-charm pentaquark production and the origin of the proton mass.
Strong and electromagnetic decays of the radially excited $$D_s$$ and $$B_s$$ mesons in light cone QCD sum rules
Authors: Bilmis S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently, LHCb Collaboration announced the discovery of radial excitations of $$D_s$$

D
s

and $$B_s$$

B
s

mesons. In present work, we calculate the most promising strong and electromagnetic decay widths of radially excited $$D_s(2S)$$

D
s

(
2
S
)

and $$B_s(2S)$$

B
s

(
2
S
)

mesons within the light cone QCD sum rules method.
Wavelet-based estimation in a semiparametric regression model
Authors: de Dieu Nkou Emmanuel , Nkiet Guy Martial 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we introduce a wavelet-based method for estimating the effective dimension reduction (EDR) space in the semiparametric regression model introduced by Li [Sliced inverse regression for dimension reduction, J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 86 (1991) 316–327]. This method is obtained by using linear wavelet estimators of the density and regression functions that are involved in the covariance matrix of conditional expectation whose eigenvectors span the EDR space. Then, consistency of the proposed estimators is proved. A simulation study that allows one to evaluate the performance of the proposal with comparison to existing methods is presented.
Elevated Serum Chloride Levels Contribute to a Poor Prognosis in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Zhai Yaling , Yao Xingchen , Qi Yuanyuan , Gao Jingge , Chen Yazhuo , Wang Xinnian , Wu Feng , Zhao Zhanzheng 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The identification of reliable prognostic factors is a crucial requirement for patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Here, we explored the relationship between serum chloride levels and prognosis in patients with IgAN. Methods. We recruited all patients with primary IgAN, as diagnosed by renal biopsy, between 1st January 2015 and 1st April 2019. Patients were divided two groups (high chloride group and low chloride group) based on the best cut-off values from survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics of two groups were then compared. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the prognostic value of serum chloride levels in patients with IgAN. Finally, we screened reliable prognostic indicators and built a clinical prediction model and validated the performance of the model. Results. Compared with patients in the high chloride group, patients in the low chloride group had significantly lower levels of 24-hour urinary total protein (24 h-UTP), serum creatinine (sCr), and higher levels of hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (all

p
<
0.05

), and less proportion of Oxford classification grade E1 (endothelial cell proliferation) and T2 (renal tubule atrophy or renal interstitial fibrosis). Cox analysis revealed that

serum

chloride

level
≥
105.4

mmol
/
L

was a significant and independent risk factor for prognosis in patients with IgAN (

p
<
0.05

). Serum chloride, sCr, T, hypertension, and Hb were used to generate a predictive model for prognosis. The

c

-indices of our predictive model were 0.80, 0.86, and 0.78, for 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively; Brier scores were 0.06, 0.09, and 0.16, respectively. Conclusions. A

serum

chloride

level
≥
105.4

mmol
/
l

was identified as a significant and independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with IgAN. A predictive prognosis model was generated using serum chloride, sCr, T, hypertension, and Hb; this model exhibited a good predictive effect.
Heme Sequestration Effectively Suppresses the Development and Progression of Both Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dey Sanchareeka , Ashrafi Adnin , Vidal Chantal , Jain Nivesh , Kalainayakan Sarada Preeta , Ghosh Poorva , Alemi Parinaz Sadat , Salamat Narges , Konduri Purna Chaitanya , Kim Jung-whan , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are two most common subtypes of lung cancer. Here, to identify new, targetable molecular properties of both subtypes, we monitored changes in the levels of heme- and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related proteins during lung tumorigenesis. Heme is a central molecule for oxidative metabolism and ATP generation via OXPHOS. Notably, both lung ADC and SCC tumors can be induced in the genetically engineered KLLuc mouse model harboring the G12D Kras mutation and a conditional Lkb1 knockout. We found that the levels of the rate-limiting heme synthesis enzyme ALAS1 and uptake protein SLC48A1, along with OXPHOS complex subunits, progressively increased as lung tumorigenesis advanced. Our data demonstrated that elevated levels of heme- and OXPHOS-related proteins were associated with both ADC and SCC. Importantly, treatment of KLLuc mice with a heme-sequestering protein, HeSP2, that inhibits heme uptake in tumor cells effectively arrested lung tumor progression, and both ADC and SCC tumors were strongly suppressed. Additionally, HeSP2 effectively suppressed the growth of both SCC and ADC tumor xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. Further analyses indicated that HeSP2 effectively diminished OXPHOS in both ADC and SCC, reduced angiogenesis, alleviated tumor hypoxia, and suppressed cell proliferation. These results show that the advancing of lung tumorigenesis requires progressive increase in cellular heme synthesis and uptake, leading to intensified OXPHOS activity and ATP generation and promoting aggressive tumorigenic functions.

Implications:
Heme sequestration is an effective strategy for the suppression of both ADC and SCC tumor initiation and development.