bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive biology of the South American cycad Zamia boliviana, involving brood‐site pollination
Authors: Segalla Rosane , Pinheiro Fábio , Morellato Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBrood‐site pollination mutualisms represent extreme levels of reciprocal specialization between plants and insects. Several studies have revealed intimate associations between cycads and their insect pollinators across different continents. However, the reproductive biology of South American cycads is still poorly understood, with limited empirical data available. Here, we investigated the plant–pollinator interactions of Zamia boliviana (Cycadales, Zamiaceae), which is distributed on savanna patches in Brazil and Bolivia. Our aim was to examine reproductive biology (strobili development and their visitors) to identify potential pollinators from the perspective of dioecy and expectations of obligatory mutualism. We monitored reproductive cohorts and registered the strobiliʼs visitors. We classified the visitorsʼ activities and described the behavior of the most active and recurring ones in both reproductive structures to ascertain the potential pollinators and their relationship with the Z. boliviana. In situ experiments were used to demonstrate efficacy in seed production. Although other insects visit the strobili, only one Coleoptera (Erotylidae: Pharaxonotha) was present seasonally. Pharaxonotha cerradensis was the single species capable of transporting pollen and developing a life cycle associated with polleniferous strobili, while concomitantly visiting ovuliferous strobili. Experimental tests associated with observational evidence in the cycad indicated brood‐site pollination mutualism with the Erotylidae beetle, a potential pollinator of Z. boliviana. Our investigation confirmed a new case of obligatory mutualism between cycads and P. cerradensis in the New World. Future research on Zamia from South America should address pollination systems of this genus to better understand the ecology and evolution of plant–pollinator interactions.
COVID‐19 and the shifting industrial landscape
Authors: Gibson Chris , Carr Chantel , Lyons Craig , Taksa Lucy , Warren Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 coronavirus pandemic has fuelled debate about domestic industry and manufacturing in light of shocks to global supply chains and shortages of medical and personal protective equipment (PPE). Nevertheless, debates have been poorly attuned to geography and history. Calls for reinvigorated domestic manufacturing conceal the degree to which industrial landscapes are already entwined in geometries of power. This is especially so at ports—increasingly privatised—that have become sites of policy focus and biosecurity panic. Crucial trading zones, ports are being refashioned as growth machines for commodity export, energy, and logistics, undergirding national manufacturing capacity via trade and material commodity flows. Yet ports have also always been vectors for disease transmission and are central places for COVID‐19 crises. Writing from Port Kembla, south of Sydney, Australia, we catalogue five themes warranting geographical analysis and global comparison in light of coronavirus: disruptions to supply chains (with implications for global production networks); domestic industrial capacity and the future of manufacturing; biosecuring industrial sites; precarious labour and work; and vernacular emergency response capacities within industrial communities. Amidst heightened geopolitical tensions, geographers reveal how industrial landscapes are contested. Logistical and biosecurity roles are enveloped by enduring infrastructural materialities, local histories, and regional legacies of skill and ingenuity.
Genomic scan revealed KIT gene underlying white/gray plumage color in Chinese domestic geese
Authors: Wen J. , Shao P. , Chen Y. , Wang L. , Lv X. , Yang W. , Jia Y. , Jiang Z. , Zhu B. , Qu L. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryGoose is an important type of domesticated poultry. The wild geese that are regarded as the ancestors of modern domestic geese present gray plumage. Domesticated, geese have both white and gray feathers. To elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying the formation of white and gray plumage in geese, we resequenced the whole genome of 18 geese from six populations including white and gray goose breeds. The average sequencing depth per individual was 9.81× and the average genome coverage was 96.8%. A total of 346 genes were detected in the top 1% of FST scores of gray‐ and white‐feathered geese, and a significant FST site was located in the intron region within the KIT gene, the 18 bp deletion in KIT having the strongest potential association with white feathers. It has been reported that a number of genes are associated with plumage colors in birds. However, no studies have identified the relationship between KIT and plumage color in birds at present, although the white coat can be attributed to mutations in KIT in some mammals. Our study showed that that KIT is a plausible candidate gene for white/gray plumage color in Chinese domestic geese.
The burden of infertility in New Zealand: A baseline survey of prevalence and service use
Authors: Righarts Antoinette , Dickson Nigel P. , Ekeroma Alec , Gray Andrew R. , Parkin Lianne , Gillett Wayne R. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundStudies in southern New Zealand indicate that up to a quarter of women experienced infertility, likely due to delay in childbearing. However, these findings may not be generalisable to the whole population.AimsTo assess the lifetime prevalence of infertility and evidence for disparities for New Zealand men and women in a nationally representative sample.Materials and MethodsIn 2014/15 a general health survey with a module on sexual and reproductive health was conducted among New Zealand residents aged 16–74 years; 3792 men and 5222 women provided information on infertility.Result(s)There were 8.2% (95% CI 7.1–9.4%) of men and 12.5% (11.3–13.8%) of women who had experienced infertility; among fertility‐tested women this was 15.4% (14.0–16.9%). Prevalence peaked in the 35–44 year age group (14.3% for men, 19.1% for women and 20.8% for fertility‐tested women). Estimates for European, Māori and Asian ethnicities were similar. Pacific men and women had higher relative risks: 2.37 (95% CI 1.51–3.71) and 1.76 (1.27–2.44), respectively, compared with Europeans. Medical help was sought by 69.3% (95% CI 62.4–75.5%) of infertile men and 68.2% (63.1–72.9%) of women; this was significantly lower for Māori and Pacific.ConclusionsInfertility levels for those of European ethnicity were similar to studies in southern New Zealand, and in other high‐income countries. However, infertility levels were just as high for Māori, and higher for Pacific people, despite experiencing fertility at younger ages. Focusing on reducing causes of infertility other than delayed childbearing would likely contribute to addressing this health disparity.
Morbidity and mortality of surgical lung biopsy in the diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Cilli Aykut , Kocaturk Celalettin , Tertemiz Kemal C. , Kalafat Cem E. , Hanta Ismail , Odemis Ayse , Sevinc Can , Dertsiz Levent , Akanil Fener Neslihan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistology represents the major source of information to define a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern. However, the procedure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate morbidity and mortality of surgical lung biopsy (SLB) in diagnosing UIP.MethodsPatients undergoing SLB with the ultimate diagnosis of UIP were studied. Clinical data concerning medical history, histology, pulmonary functions, radiology, length of hospital stay (LOS), morbidity and mortality status were retrospectively recruited from four hospitals.ResultsThe study included consecutive 93 patients with a SLB diagnosis of UIP. Mean age was 61 ± 8 years, with one third of the patients were ≥65 years. In 58 cases (62.4%), the biopsy was performed by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery, in 35 (37.7%) by limited thoracotomy. Eighty patients (86%) had possible UIP, 12 (12.9%) had inconsistent with UIP and one (1.1%) had UIP pattern on high‐resolution computed tomography. The mean LOS was 5.47 ± 3.16 days. LOS was associated with smoking status (P = 0.024), type of biopsy (P = 0.00), 6‐min walk test (P = 0.00) and number of biopsy (P = 0.00). There was no in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality in our cohort, and 90‐day mortality rate was 1.1%. In seven patients (7.5%), we observed postoperative morbidities, predominantly prolonged air leakage (7.5% of all cases). Postoperative morbidity was only associated with the type of SLB. Patients with limited thoracotomy showed greater morbidity rates (17.1% versus 1.7%, P = 0.011).ConclusionSLB is a relatively safe procedure in the diagnosis of UIP and can be performed in suitable patients with suspected UIP/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Animal models of invasive mycoses
Authors: Jensen Henrik Elvang 
Published: March 2021

Animal models of invasive fungal infections have been developed and are applied in a huge number of different animal species for a number of research purposes, for example, the study of pathogenesis, defense mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. From the different models, which in most cases are based on the same fungal species and often the same strain, as in spontaneous human infections, fundamental results and knowledge of the diagnosis, progression, prophylaxis, and therapy have been achieved. However, in all models, one should be critical with respect to mimicking the disease entity of humans, which is often the focus of the research. In many of the models for instance, the time course is different to the one of humans, and in others, the propensity for localization and containment in specific organs does not parallel the situation in humans. Nevertheless, many animal models of invasive mycoses have proven valuable in a number of research areas. With regard to new generations of anti‐mycotic drugs, the models play an essential role in demonstrating antifungal activity, as well as in demonstrating the absence of toxic side effects, a critical step which cannot be accomplished by in vitro studies.
Retracted: Multilingualism, handwritten signature and identity: The case of multilingual Palestinian Arabs in Israel
Authors: Ganayim Deia 
Published: March 2021

Ganayim D. ‘Multilingualism, handwritten signature and identity: The case of multilingual Palestinian Arabs in Israel.’ Digest of Middle East Studies. 2021;00:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12228.This article from the Digest of Middle East Studies, published online on 01 March 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement among the author, the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, A. Kadir Yildirim, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This action has been agreed due to an error by the publisher which caused the article to be published without peer review or acceptance by the Editor‐in‐Chief.
Biochemical and structural characterization of a novel 4‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnosyl‐β‐d‐glucuronidase from Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Kondo Tatsuya , Kichijo Miyu , Nakaya Makoto , Takenaka Shigeo , Arakawa Takatoshi , Kotake Toshihisa , Fushinobu Shinya , Sakamoto Tatsuji 
Published: March 2021

In this study, we have isolated the novel enzyme 4‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnosyl‐β‐d‐glucuronidase (FoBGlcA), which releases α‐l‐rhamnosyl (1→4) glucuronic acid from gum arabic (GA), from Fusarium oxysporum 12S culture supernatant, and for the first time report an enzyme with such catalytic activity. The gene encoding FoBGlcA was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. When GA was subjected to the recombinant enzyme, > 95% of the l‐rhamnose (Rha) and d‐glucuronic acid in the substrate were released, which indicates that almost all Rha binds to the glucuronic acid at the end of the GA side chains. The crystal structure of FoBGlcA was determined using a single‐wavelength anomalous dispersion at 1.51 Å resolution. FoBGlcA consisted of an N‐terminal (β/α)8‐barrel domain and a C‐terminal antiparallel β‐sheet domain. This configuration is characteristic of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 79 proteins. A structural similarity search showed that FoBGlcA mostly resembled GH79 β‐d‐glucuronidase (AcGlcA79A) of Acidobacterium capsulatum; however, the root‐mean‐square deviation value was 3.2 Å, indicating that FoBGlcA has a high structural divergence. FoBGlcA had a low sequence identity with AcGlcA79A (19%) and differed from other GH79 β‐glucuronidases. The structures of FoBGlcA and AcGlcA79A also differed in terms of the loop structure location near subsite –2 of their catalytic sites, which may account for the unique substrate specificity of FoBGlcA. The amino acid residues involved in the catalytic activity of this enzyme were determined by evaluating the activity levels of various mutant enzymes based on the crystal structure analysis of the FoBGlcA reaction product complex.DatabaseAtomic coordinates and structure factors (codes 7DFQ and 7DFS) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (http://wwpdb.org/).
Inflammation‐based modified Glasgow prognostic score and renal outcome in chronic kidney disease patients: is there a relationship?
Authors: Stefan Gabriel , Stancu Simona , Zugravu Adrian , Capusa Cristina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is presumably related to inflammatory response. The modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), based on a combination of albumin and C‐reactive protein, has been derived from oncology and validated in multiple diseases.AimsTo evaluate the relationship between the mGPS and CKD progression.MethodsThe present retrospective unicentric cohort study included 547 CKD patients (age 60.2 years; 53% male; estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) 42.0 mL/min; mean change −2 mL/min/year) admitted between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2012. Patients' records were reviewed from the CKD diagnosis to one of the four outcomes: end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), death, loss to follow up or until 31 July 2017.ResultsThe mGPS score was 0 for 420 (78%), 1 for 110 (19%) and 2 for 17 (3%) patients. More patients with rapid CKD progression were found in the group with the highest mGPS (P = 0.05). mGPS was negatively correlated with baseline eGFR and positively with albuminuria. In the multivariate analysis, mGPS was associated with the eGFR slope. During the study period, 130 (24%) patients died and 109 (20%) reached ESKD. The mean kidney survival time was 8.1 (95% confidence interval 7.9–8.4) years. Patients with zero mGPS had better kidney survival than those with the score of 1 and 2 (Kaplan–Meier, P = 0.02). However, the kidney survival differences were not present after adjusting for CKD progression risk factors.ConclusionThe inflammation‐based mGPS score was associated with eGFR decline in CKD patients. Therefore, could prove useful in improving risk stratification of CKD patients.
Who chooses a pSTEM academic major? Using social psychology to predict selection and persistence over the freshman year
Authors: McPherson Erin , Park Bernadette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany social psychological variables, in addition to knowledge‐based factors such as academic preparedness, have been investigated individually as sources of the persistent gender gap in pSTEM (physical science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields. The present work tested all of these factors simultaneously and longitudinally, in a sample drawn from an incoming freshman class measured at three timepoints over the course of their first year. One thousand nine hundred and twenty‐nine students completed a survey with items assessing eleven social psychological constructs and were asked for permission to obtain institutional data regarding their academic preparedness and choice of academic major before matriculation, after the first semester, and at the end of freshman year. These social psychological and academic variables were used to predict pSTEM major status. Across multiple timepoints, and over and above academic preparedness, greater Math and Science Self‐Efficacy, rejection of the stereotype that scientist careers are unsociable in nature, having a pSTEM role model in high school, and lower endorsement of communal goals were consistently related to the selection of a pSTEM major. Students who endorsed entity theories of math and science abilities were also less likely to select a pSTEM over life and social sciences major. As a set, the factors accounted for roughly half of the gender difference in pSTEM major selection. Interventions aimed at reducing the gender gap in pSTEM major selection might do well to focus on these more psychological factors as well as academic ones.
Virulence variations of Flavobacterium columnare in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eyed eggs and alevin
Authors: Evenhuis Jason P. , Lipscomb Ryan , Birkett Clayton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlavobacterium columnare (Fc) is the causative agent for columnaris disease (CD) in several fish species and an emerging problem for rainbow trout aquaculture. We characterize the virulence phenotype of two Fc isolates, CSF‐298–10 and MS‐FC‐4, against trout from two sources, NCCCWA and a production stock (PS), at the eyed egg and alevin life stages. Immersion challenges demonstrated that NCCCWA eyed eggs were susceptible to the Fc isolate MS‐FC‐4 (>97% mortality) but no mortality was observed against PS eyed eggs. The CSF‐298–10 had little effect on any eyed eggs tested and was not highly virulent to any alevin till day six post‐hatch, up to 38% for NCCCWA and ~80% PS alevin. The MS‐FC‐4 strain produced ≥80% mortality any day an immersion challenge occurred post‐hatch. Significant difference in CFU counts was recorded between the Fc strains on 2 days post‐hatch immersion challenges. Counts for the NCCCWA alevin were 4.4 × 103 CFU/ml‐1 and 1.8 × 106 CFU/ml‐1 for the CSF‐298–10 strain and MS‐FC‐4 strain, respectively, and for the PS alevin CSF‐298–10 measured 9.9 × 101 CFU/ml‐1 and 3.8 × 105 CFU/ml‐1 for MS‐FC‐4. These two Fc isolates present stark differences in virulence phenotypes to both eyed eggs and alevin and present an interesting model system for virulence kinetics and potentially alternative pathogenic pathways.
The effect of depth‐duration‐frequency model recalibration on rainfall return period estimates
Authors: Vesuviano Gianni , Stewart Elizabeth , Spencer Peter , Miller James D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn November 2009 and December 2015, two record‐breaking 24‐hr rainfalls occurred in Cumbria, UK, significantly changing the perception of flood risk for local communities. FEH13, the current UK rainfall depth‐duration‐frequency (DDF) model, estimated return periods of around 1,000 years for both events. The previous model, FEH99, received criticism from panel engineers responsible for making technical safety decisions relating to reservoirs for appearing to estimate relatively short return periods for extreme events. Although FEH13 is more consistent with current probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimates, there is high uncertainty in both models due to the limited number of extremes captured by UK rain gauges. Furthermore, neither model included the 2009 or 2015 event in its calibration. Here, we re‐calibrate FEH13 using additional gauged rainfall data collected in Cumbria during 2006–2016, including the record‐breaking 2009 and 2015 storms. Using the updated calibration data set reduces the estimated return periods of the 2009 and 2015 events to approximately 140 years each. This case study illustrates the considerable uncertainty in short‐sample records, demonstrates the importance of maximising the quantity of relevant calibration data, shows that perception of risk depends upon the method and data used, and illustrates the difficulty of separating trends and natural variability.
Profile of informal rural Appalachian caregivers of patients with chronic illnesses
Authors: Smith Jennifer L. , Chung Misook L. , Miller Jennifer L. , Biddle Martha , Schuman Donna L. , Rayens Mary Kay , Lennie Terry A. , Smalls Brittany , Hammash Muna , Mudd‐Martin Gia , Moser Debra K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeCaring for a family member with chronic illness increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by 82%, and rurality imparts additional CVD disparities. The purpose of this study was to describe a profile of rural caregivers of patients with chronic illnesses to determine the prevalence of CVD risk factors, and psychosocial and socioeconomic burden, as well as to compare these variables across gender.MethodsBaseline data from a trial of CVD risk reduction in rural caregivers of patients with chronic illnesses were used. We measured depression and anxiety with the PHQ‐9 and Brief Symptom Inventory; social, economic, and environmental factors using the MOS‐Social Support and Economic and Environmental surveys; body mass index (BMI); blood pressure (BP); and lipid profile.ResultsOf 181 caregivers (age 53±14 years, 80% female), 69% were married; 88% were caring for a family member, including 46% caring for a spouse and 18% for a parent. A total of 51% were anxious, 25% depressed, and 25% reported lack of social support. Most (51%) caregivers had one or more types of CVD; and 49% were smokers. By examination, 76% had elevated BP; 35% had total cholesterol >200; 50% low‐density lipoprotein >100; 56% triglycerides >150; and 79% high‐density lipoprotein <60. Based on BMI, 91.5% were overweight or obese. Gender comparisons revealed that women reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than men.ConclusionsRural caregivers, regardless of gender, are at increased risk of CVD and struggle with factors that make caregiving burdensome and contribute to their own poor cardiac health.
Accuracy of history, physical examination, cardiac biomarkers, and biochemical variables in identifying dogs with stage B2 degenerative mitral valve disease
Authors: Wilshaw Jenny , Rosenthal Steven L. , Wess Gerhard , Dickson Dave , Bevilacqua Luca , Dutton Emily , Deinert Michael , Abrantes Ricardo , Schneider Ingo , Oyama Mark A. , Gordon Sonya G. , Elliott Jonathan , Xia Dong , Boswood Adrian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment is indicated in dogs with preclinical degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) and cardiomegaly (stage B2). This is best diagnosed using echocardiography; however, relying upon this limits access to accurate diagnosis.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether cardiac biomarker concentrations can be used alongside other clinical data to identify stage B2 dogs.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 1887) with preclinical DMVD prospectively sampled in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.MethodsDogs that met inclusion criteria and were not receiving pimobendan (n = 1245) were used for model development. Explanatory (multivariable logistic regression) and predictive models were developed using clinical observations, biochemistry, and cardiac biomarker concentrations, with echocardiographically confirmed stage B2 disease as the outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed the ability to identify stage B2 dogs.ResultsAge, appetite, serum alanine aminotransferase activity, body condition, serum creatinine concentration, murmur intensity, and plasma N‐terminal propeptide of B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentration were independently associated with the likelihood of being stage B2. The discriminatory ability of this explanatory model (area under curve [AUC], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82‐0.87) was superior to NT‐proBNP (AUC, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.80) or the vertebral heart score alone (AUC, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69‐0.83). A predictive logistic regression model could identify the probability of being stage B2 (AUC test set, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81‐0.91).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceOur findings indicate accessible measurements could be used to screen dogs with preclinical DMVD. Encouraging at‐risk dogs to seek further evaluation could result in a greater proportion of cases being appropriately managed.