bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industry Payments to Foot and Ankle Surgeons and Their Effect on Total Ankle Arthroplasty Outcomes
Authors: Donoughe J. Scott , Safavi Kiya Shazadeh , Rezvani Aryan , Healy Nicholas , Jupiter Daniel C. , Panchbhavi Vinod K. , Janney Cory C. 
Published: September 2021

Background: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments public database provides a means for increased transparency of physicians’ financial relationships with industry. Total ankle arthroplasty is a procedure with long-term clinical implications and variable outcomes. We compared physician-reported conflict-of-interest (COI) disclosures in the journal Foot & Ankle International ( FAI) to CMS database information to evaluate for discrepancies. Methods: Articles published in FAI reporting clinical outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty from 2015 and 2019 were reviewed. Payment information in the CMS database was cross-referenced with disclosure statements and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) forms associated with the manuscript. Statistical analysis was performed to determine if industry payments were appropriately disclosed or influenced outcomes. Results: We reviewed 173 articles pertaining to ankle arthroplasty, with 27 meeting inclusion criteria. Of 120 total authors with 98 unique authors, 114 (95%) disclosed appropriately in disclosure statements. Twenty-two studies (82%) had appropriate declarations for the entire manuscript. For the 27 senior authors, only 2 discrepancies between manuscript disclosure and the Open Payments public database were noted, showing 13 total disclosures in the Open Payments public database vs 11 disclosed in the manuscript. There was no relationship between industry payments and the outcome of the manuscript ( P = .725). Conclusion: The majority of author disclosure statements accurately reflected the Open Payments public data. Additionally, payments were not significantly associated with positive outcomes reported for the specific implant. Overall, authors publishing on ankle arthroplasty in FAI are disclosing appropriately. Level of Evidence: Level IV, systematic review; survey study; literature review.
Arthroscopic Repair of Batter’s Shoulder
Authors: Cross Austin G. , Goldman Brian H. , Makhni Eric C. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Batter’s shoulder is a condition in which the posterior labrum is typically torn during the baseball swinging motion, producing a traumatic tear and posterior instability. The injury commonly occurs in the batter’s lead shoulder due to repetitive microtrauma, raising concern for switch-hitters due to the cumulative stress of throwing and swinging on the lead shoulder. Instability is commonly caused by a posterior humeral force and relative shoulder adduction, which is most prevalent during a swing attempt at a low and outside pitch. Indications: Damage to the labrum during the acute traumatic event can cause residual pain and recurrent instability of the shoulder. Indications include failed conservative management. The patient demonstrated a full-thickness longitudinal tear that was grossly unstable with gentle probing. Technique Description: After establishing presence of an unstable posterior labral tear during diagnostic arthroscopy, a 7-o’clock portal is established for the labral repair. A knotless suture anchor construct was utilized for its low-profile features. Care is taken to avoid both tangling of sutures and overtensioning of the repair. Results: Patients return to live batting practice at 6 months postoperatively and most patients return to the same level of play following surgical management. Discussion/Conclusion: Avoid overtightening of labral repair and subsequent loss of range of motion. Use of a low-profile knotless suture anchor is the senior author’s preferred method of surgical management. A majority of patients surgically managed for unstable posterior labral injuries return to the same level of play.
Dual RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of caecal tissue during primary Eimeria tenella infection in chickens
Authors: Sandholt Arnar K. S. , Wattrang Eva , Lilja Tobias , Ahola Harri , Lundén Anna , Troell Karin , Svärd Staffan G. , Söderlund Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoccidiosis is an infectious disease with large negative impact on the poultry industry worldwide. It is an enteric infection caused by unicellular Apicomplexan parasites of the genusEimeria. The present study aimed to gain more knowledge about interactions between parasites and the host immune system during the early asexual replication phase ofE. tenellain chicken caeca. For this purpose, chickens were experimentally infected withE. tenellaoocysts, sacrificed on days 1–4 and 10 after infection and mRNA from caecal tissues was extracted and sequenced.ResultsDual RNA-seq analysis revealed time-dependent changes in both host and parasite gene expression during the course of the infection. Chicken immune activation was detected from day 3 and onwards with the highest number of differentially expressed immune genes recorded on day 10. Among early (days 3–4) responses up-regulation of genes for matrix metalloproteinases, several chemokines, interferon (IFN)-γ along with IFN-stimulated genesGBP, IRF1andRSAD2were noted. Increased expression of genes with immune suppressive/regulatory effects, e.g.IL10, SOCS1,SOCS3, was also observed among early responses. ForE. tenellaa general up-regulation of genes involved in protein expression and energy metabolism as well as a general down-regulation genes for DNA and RNA processing were observed during the infection. SpecificE. tenellagenes with altered expression during the experiment include those for proteins in rhoptry and microneme organelles.ConclusionsThe present study provides novel information on both the transcriptional activity ofE. tenelladuring schizogony in ceacal tissue and of the local host responses to parasite invasion during this phase of infection. Results indicate a role for IFN-γ and IFN-stimulated genes in the innate defence againstEimeriareplication.
Ceftriaxone therapy attenuates brain trauma in rats by affecting glutamate transporters and neuroinflammation and not by its antibacterial effects
Authors: Lim Sher-Wei , Su Hui-Chen , Nyam Tee-Tau Eric , Chio Chung-Ching , Kuo Jinn-Rung , Wang Che-Chuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Ceftriaxone is a β-lactam antibiotic used to treat central nervous system infections. Whether the neuroprotective effects of ceftriaxone after TBI are mediated by attenuating neuroinflammation but not its antibacterial actions is not well established.

Methods
Anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + ceftriaxone groups. Ceftriaxone was intraperitoneally injected at 0, 24, and 48 h with 50 or 250 mg/kg/day after TBI. During the first 120 min after TBI, we continuously measured heart rate, arterial pressure, intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure. The infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. Motor function was measured using the inclined plane. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), neuronal apoptosis and TNF-α expression in the perilesioned cortex were investigated using an immunofluorescence assay. Bacterial evaluation was performed by Brown and Brenn’s Gram staining. These parameters above were measured at 72 h after TBI.

Results
Compared with the TBI + vehicle group, the TBI + ceftriaxone 250 mg/kg group showed significantly lower ICP, improved motor dysfunction, reduced body weight loss, decreased infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis, decreased TBI-induced microglial activation and TNF-α expression in microglia, and increased GLT-1 expression in neurons and microglia. However, the grades of histopathological changes of antibacterial effects are zero.

Conclusions
The intraperitoneal injection of ceftriaxone with 250 mg/kg/day for three days may attenuate TBI by increasing GLT-1 expression and reducing neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, thereby resulting in an improvement in functional outcomes, and this neuroprotective effect is not related to its antibacterial effects.
Pneumonia-targeted lopinavir/ritonavir-based treatment for patients with COVID-19: an early-period retrospective single center observational study
Authors: Kim Jongkyu , Jung Jiwoong , Kim Tae Ho , Kang Naree , Choi Hanzo , Oh Dong Hyun , Ahn Mi Young , Kim Su hyun , Hahm Chorom , Lee Young Kyong , Park Keunhong , Hong Kiho , Choi Jae-phil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Robust evidenced treatment strategy for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been established yet. Early, targeted, comprehensive management approach can be essential.

Methods
A lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based antiviral treatment was administered to the patients with computed tomography (CT)-documented pneumonia. Medical records of patients with COVID-19, previously discharged or hospitalized for ≥ 21 days at the Seoul Medical Center from January 29 to April 15, 2020 were reviewed to analyze clinical and virological outcomes. Patients were divided into two groups (PCR-Negative conversion group vs. Non-negative conversion group and requiring oxygen group vs. Non-requiring oxygen group).

Results
In total, 136 patients with a mean age of 41.8 ± 18.2 years were included with median 3-day delay of hospitalization after illness. Thirteen (9.56%) were initially asymptomatic, and 5 (3.67%) were persistently asymptomatic. Eighty-five (62.5%) had CT-documented pneumonia, 94% of whom received LPV/r treatments. A total of 53 patients (38.97%) had negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results within 28 days. Eight (9.4%) out of 85 pneumonic patients received oxygen supplementation. Patients with initial lower respiratory symptoms showed significant delay in PCR negative conversion (> 28 days) (odds ratio [OR] 0.166; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.067–0.477; P < 0.001). However, antiviral treatment for pneumonic patients was significantly related with early conversion within 28 days (OR 3.049; 95% CI 1.128–8.243; P = 0.028). Increasing age increased the likelihood of oxygen supplementation requirement in the pneumonic patient group (OR 1.108; 95% CI 1.021–1.202; P = 0.014).

Conclusions
Early, pneumonia targeted LPV/r-based antiviral therapy resulted in a significantly higher probability of negative conversion of PCR within 28 days compared to symptomatic treatment.
The impact of comorbidities and their stacking on short- and long-term prognosis of patients over 50 with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Blanc E. , Chaize G. , Fievez S. , Féger C. , Herquelot E. , Vainchtock A. , Timsit J. F. , Gaillat J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The prognosis of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with regards to intensive care unit (ICU) admission, short- and long-term mortality is correlated with patient’s comorbidities. For patients hospitalized for CAP, including P-CAP, we assessed the prognostic impact of comorbidities known as at-risk (AR) or high-risk (HR) of pneumococcal CAP (P-CAP), and of the number of combined comorbidities.

Methods
Data on hospitalizations for CAP among the French 50+ population were extracted from the 2014 French Information Systems Medicalization Program (PMSI), an exhaustive national hospital discharge database maintained by the French Technical Agency of Information on Hospitalization (ATIH). Their admission diagnosis, comorbidities (nature, risk type and number), other characteristics, and their subsequent hospital stays within the year following their hospitalization for CAP were analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between ICU transfer, short- and 1-year in-hospital mortality and all covariates.

Results
From 182,858 patients, 149,555 patients aged ≥ 50 years (nonagenarians 17.8%) were hospitalized for CAP in 2014, including 8270 with P-CAP. Overall, 33.8% and 90.5% had ≥ 1 HR and ≥ 1 AR comorbidity, respectively. Cardiac diseases were the most frequent AR comorbidity (all CAP: 77.4%). Transfer in ICU occurred for 5.4% of CAP patients and 19.4% for P-CAP. Short-term and 1-year in-hospital mortality rates were 10.9% and 23% of CAP patients, respectively, significantly lower for P-CAP patients: 9.2% and 19.8% (HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.84–0.93], p < .0001). Both terms of mortality increased mostly with age, and with the number of comorbidities and combination of AR and HR comorbidities, in addition of specific comorbidities.

Conclusions
Not only specific comorbidities, but also the number of combined comorbidities and the combination of AR and HR comorbidities may impact the outcome of hospitalized CAP and P-CAP patients.
A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study
Authors: Warschburger Petra , Petersen Ann-Christin , von Rezori Roman E. , Buchallik Friederike , Baumeister Harald , Holl Reinhard W. , Minden Kirsten , Müller-Stierlin Annabel S. , Reinauer Christina , Staab Doris ,   COACH consortium
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRelatively little is known about protective factors and the emergence and maintenance of positive outcomes in the field of adolescents with chronic conditions. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to acquire a deeper understanding of the dynamic process of resilience factors, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents living with chronic conditions.Methods/designWe plan to consecutively recruitN = 450 adolescents (12–21 years) from three German patient registries for chronic conditions (type 1 diabetes, cystic fibrosis, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis). Based on screening for anxiety and depression, adolescents are assigned to two parallel groups – “inconspicuous” (PHQ-9 and GAD-7 < 7) vs. “conspicuous” (PHQ-9 or GAD-7 ≥ 7) – participating in a prospective online survey at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At two time points (T1, T2), we assess (1) intra- and interpersonal resiliency factors, (2) coping strategies, and (3) health-related quality of life, well-being, satisfaction with life, anxiety and depression. Using a cross-lagged panel design, we will examine the bidirectional longitudinal relations between resiliency factors and coping strategies, psychological adaptation, and psychosocial adjustment. To monitor Covid-19 pandemic effects, participants are also invited to take part in an intermediate online survey.DiscussionThe study will provide a deeper understanding of adaptive, potentially modifiable processes and will therefore help to develop novel, tailored interventions supporting a positive adaptation in youths with a chronic condition. These strategies should not only support those at risk but also promote the maintenance of a successful adaptation.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no.DRKS00025125. Registered on May 17, 2021.
Disparities in excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic among migrant workers in Kuwait
Authors: Alahmad Barrak , AlMekhled Dawoud , Odeh Ayah , Albloushi Dalia , Gasana Janvier 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The actual human cost of the pandemic cannot be viewed through the COVID-19 mortality rates alone, especially when the pandemic is widening the existing health disparities among different subpopulations within the same society. In Kuwait, migrant workers were already disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and its unintended consequences. The totality of that effect on mortality is yet to be fully understood.

Objective
To estimate excess deaths in the pandemic year of 2020 among the Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti migrant populations.

Methods
We analyzed publicly available retrospective data in Kuwait on total annual mortality historically (from 2005 to 2019) and in 2020. We fitted a quasi-poisson generalized linear model adjusted for yearly trend and nationality to estimate the expected deaths in 2020 in the absence of the pandemic. We calculated excess deaths as the difference between observed and expected mortality for the year of the pandemic in both Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis.

Results
In the absence of the pandemic, we expected the total mortality in Kuwait to be 6629 (95% CI: 6472 to 6789) deaths. However, the observed total mortality in 2020 was 9975 deaths; about 3346 (3186 to 3503) more deaths above the expected historical trend. Deaths among migrant workers would have been approximately 71.9% (67.8 to 76.0) lower in the absence of the pandemic. On the other hand, deaths among Kuwaitis would have been 32.4% (29.3 to 35.6) lower if the country had not been hit by the pandemic.

Conclusion
The burden of mortality brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic is substantially higher than what the official tally might suggest. Systematically disadvantaged migrant workers shouldered a larger burden of deaths in the pandemic year. Public health interventions must consider structural and societal determinants that give rise to the health disparities seen among migrant workers.
Qualitative ultrasonography scale of the intensity of local twitch response during dry needling and its association with modified joint range of motion: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cruz-Montecinos Carlos , Cerda Mauricio , Becerra Pablo , Tapia Claudio , Núñez-Cortés Rodrigo , Latorre-García Rodrigo , Freitas Sandro R. , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relevance of local twitch response (LTR) during dry needling technique (DNT) is controversial, and it is questioned whether LTR is necessary for successful outcomes. Furthermore, because the LTR during the deep DNT may be evoked with different intensities, it is unknown whether the magnitude of LTR intensity is associated with optimal clinical results, especially concerning to the effects of joint maximal range of motion (ROM). This study aimed to (i) determine whether visual inspections can quantify the LTR intensity during the DNT through a qualitative ultrasonography scale of LTR intensity (US-LTR scale), and (ii) assess the differences of US-LTR scale associated with changes in the maximal joint ROM.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, seven asymptomatic individuals were treated with DNT in the latent myofascial trigger point in both medial gastrocnemius muscles. During DNT, three consecutive LTRs were collected. The US-LTR scale was used to classify the LTRs into strong, medium, and weak intensities. The categories of US-LTR were differentiated by the velocity of LTRs using the optical flow algorithm. ROM changes in ankle dorsiflexion and knee extension were assessed before and immediately after DNT.ResultsThe US-LTR scale showed the third LTR was significantly smaller than the first one (p < 0.05). A significant difference in velocity was observed between US-LTR categories (p < 0.001). A significant difference in the ROM was observed between the strong and weak-medium intensity (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that the LTR intensity can be assessed using a qualitative US-LTR scale, and the effects of DNT on joint maximal ROM is maximized with higher LTR intensity. This study reports a novel qualitative method for LTR analysis with potential applications in research and clinical settings. However, further research is needed to achieve a broader application.
The effect of mobile-app-based instruction on the physical function of female patients with knee osteoarthritis: a parallel randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arfaei Chitkar Seyed Sajad , Mohaddes Hakkak Hamid Reza , Saadati Hassan , Hosseini Seyed Hamid , Jafari Yasaman , Ganji Reza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis is a common disease and one of the most important causes of disability in the elderly that negatively affect the quality of their life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile app-based-instruction in improving physical performance of female patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods
The present study was a randomized clinical trial. The sample included 64 female patients (40 to 70 years old) with knee osteoarthritis in Bojnurd city in 2018. They were selected from the available patients that were randomly divided into comparison and intervention groups. Before the intervention, demographic information questionnaire, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) were employed to elicit data on demographic information, arthritis condition and health status of the participants. Intervention lasted for a period of two months for each group. Intervention group received mobile-app-based instruction coupled with routine cares, while comparison group just received the routine cares. After the intervention both groups were evaluated again in terms of arthritis condition and health status using the same scales.

Results
After the intervention, significant differences were found between the intervention and comparison groups in terms of overall WOMAC score (p = 0.005), pain aspect of WOMAC (p = 0.005), physical function aspect of WOMAC (p = 0.005), physical function aspect of SF-36 (p ≤ 0.05), and vitality aspect of SF-36 (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The use of mobile-app-based instruction can enhance the physical function and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Trial registration The research project was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20161208031300N2).
Dynamic capacity allocation in a radiology service considering different types of patients, individual no-show probabilities, and overbooking
Authors: da Silva Rodolfo Benedito Zattar , Fogliatto Flávio Sanson , Krindges André , dos Santos Cecconello Moiseis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
We propose a mathematical model formulated as a finite-horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) to allocate capacity in a radiology department that serves different types of patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at considering radiology resources with different capacities and individual no-show probabilities of ambulatory patients in an MDP model. To mitigate the negative impacts of no-show, overbooking rules are also investigated.

Methods
The model’s main objective is to identify an optimal policy for allocating the available capacity such that waiting, overtime, and penalty costs are minimized. Optimization is carried out using traditional dynamic programming (DP). The model was applied to real data from a radiology department of a large Brazilian public hospital. The optimal policy is compared with five alternative policies, one of which resembles the one currently used by the department. We identify among alternative policies the one that performs closest to the optimal.

Results
The optimal policy presented the best performance (smallest total daily cost) in the majority of analyzed scenarios (212 out of 216). Numerical analyses allowed us to recommend the use of the optimal policy for capacity allocation with a double overbooking rule and two resources available in overtime periods. An alternative policy in which outpatients are prioritized for service (rather than inpatients) displayed results closest to the optimal policy, being also recommended due to its easy implementation.

Conclusions
Based on such recommendation and observing the state of the system at any given period (representing the number of patients waiting for service), radiology department managers should be able to make a decision (i.e., define number and type of patients) that should be selected for service such that the system’s cost is minimized.