bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontists’ and laypeople’s perception of smile height aesthetics in relation to varying degrees of transverse cant of anterior teeth
Authors: Shiyan Huang , Xu Qian , Shuhao Xu , Nanquan Rao , Xiaobing Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
To determine the effect of varying the transverse cant of the anterior teeth on orthodontists’ and laypeople’s perceptions of smile aesthetics, and the influence that smile height has on this perception.

Materials and methods
A 20-year-old Chinese female with an aesthetic smile and normal occlusion was chosen and agreed to participate. Digital pictures of her posed smile were taken and manipulated to create three smile height variations: low, medium, or high. Each variation was further manipulated to create varying degrees of transverse anterior tooth cant. Fifty-six laypeople and 40 orthodontists participated as raters of the dental and facial impact of the altered smile images.

Results
The orthodontists more commonly and precisely identified the transverse cants of the anterior teeth and the detracting influence on smile aesthetics compared with laypersons. The orthodontists accepted a lesser range of anterior transverse cant. Increased smile heights enhanced the capability of all raters to detect a transverse cant and reduced the acceptable cant range. In addition, an increased smile height worsened the detracting effects of the transverse anterior cant in all raters’ perceptions of smile aesthetics. An increased display of teeth and angulation of an anterior cant increased the ability of raters in both groups to detect differences.

Conclusion
Transverse cants of anterior teeth can affect orthodontists’ and laypeople’s perceptions of smile aesthetics. Smile height and incisor display were significant factors that affected the orthodontist’s and layperson’s perceptions of smile aesthetics, and suggested that a description of the detracting effect of an anterior transverse cant should also consider smile height.

Clinical relevance
A transverse occlusal cant is an important aesthetic factor used by clinicians during orthodontic diagnosis and review. It is important to appreciate that there is a difference in perception between orthodontic professionals and patients (laypeople). The extent of this perceptual difference and influencing factors could help the clinician set more appropriate treatment goals.
Oro-facial characteristics and the surgical correction of patients affected by beta-thalassaemia: a review of the literature and report of a case
Authors: Tehranchi Azita , Behnia Hossein , Ghochani Mostafa Sadeghi , Younessian Farnaz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite the fact that recent medical advances have improved the quality of life and increased the life expectancy of patients suffering from thalassaemia, no standard strategy or clinical guidelines are available for the correction of the presenting craniofacial anomalies. The aim of the present study is to review the craniofacial features of affected patients, and to discuss the orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment options available to manage the associated and characteristic facial deformity.
Closure of an open bite using the ‘Mousetrap’ appliance: a 3-year follow-up
Authors: Wilmes Benedict , Vasudavan Sivabalan , Stocker Bruce , Willmann Jan H. , Drescher Dieter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, skeletal anchorage devices have been used as anchorage units for upper molar intrusion as a way of correcting an anterior open bite malocclusion. To avoid the surgical procedures associated with the placement of miniplates in the zygomatic area, mini-implants may be inserted palatally or buccally in the alveolar process. However, consideration must be given to the potential risks of root damage and a higher failure rate associated with the placement of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in the interradicular area. The anterior hard palate provides a safer and more stable alternative for TAD placement. The current paper describes the biomechanical principles and the clinical procedures of ‘Mousetrap’ mechanics using mini-implants in the anterior palate for upper molar intrusion. The stomatognathic response of maxillary molar intrusion is an autorotation of the mandible and so the sagittal implications for each patient must be considered. The presented patient demonstrates successful correction and stability of the treatment result at a three-year review.
Improving total nitrogen removal using a neural network ammonia-based aeration control in activated sludge process
Authors: Husin M. H. , Rahmat M. F. , Wahab N. A. , Sabri M. F. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aeration control is a way to have a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that uses less energy and produces higher effluent quality to meet state and federal regulations. The goal of this research is to develop a neural network (NN) ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC) that focuses on reducing total nitrogen and ammonia concentration violations by regulating dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration based on the ammonia concentration in the final tank, rather than maintaining the DO concentration at a set elevated value, as most studies do. Simulation platform used in this study is Benchmark Simulation Model No. 1, and the NN ABAC is compared to the Proportional-Integral (PI) ABAC and PI controller. In comparison to the PI controller, the simulation results showed that the proposed controller has a significant improvement in reducing the AECI up to 23.86%, improving the EQCI up to 1.94%, and reducing the overall OCI up to 4.61%. The results of the study show that the NN ABAC can be utilized to improve the performance of a WWTP’s activated sludge system.
Effects of fluopyram and azadirachtin integration with sunn hemp on nematode communities in zucchini, tomato and sweet potato in Hawaii
Authors: Waisen Philip , Wang Koon-Hui , Uyeda Jensen , Myers Roxana Y. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fluopyram (Velum® One) is a synthetic nematicide and azadirachtin (Molt-X®) is a biological nematicide. Both have shown promise against plant-parasitic nematodes on several agriculturally important crops. There is a lack of information on integration of pre-plant sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) cover crop with these post-plant nematicides, aiming to improve plant-parasitic nematodes management and mitigate any detrimental effects on free-living nematodes. Three field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of fluopyram alone or in combination with pre-plant sunn hemp cover crop, and azadirachtin combined with pre-plant sunn hemp on Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne spp., and free-living nematodes. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown in Trials I and II, and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) only was grown in Trial III. In all three trials, early applications of fluopyram at crop planting were effective in suppressing the abundance of Meloidogyne spp. (M. incognita and M. javanica) but it was not effective in reducing R. reniformis in the soil. Combining sunn hemp with fluopyram was suppressive to R. reniformis on short-term zucchini crop, but not on longer term tomato and sweet potato crops. In addition, application of fluopyram at transplanting was the key to successful suppression of Meloidogyne spp. as later fluopyram chemigation (at 2 weeks after planting in Trial II or 1 month after planting in Trial III) had no effect against Meloidogyne spp. On the other hand, planting of sunn hemp followed by monthly post-plant azadirachtin application consistently suppressed R. reniformis, but this treatment did not suppress Meloidogyne spp. Integrating sunn hemp with fluopyram increased zucchini yield by >2.3 folds and that with azadirachtin increased the zucchini yield by >1.7 folds. Although no yield improvement was observed on tomato in Trial II, integrating sunn hemp with azadirachtin and fluopyram increased tomato yield by 0.23 and 1.12 folds, respectively, in Trial I. Marketable yield of sweet potato was increased by 4.5–6.4 folds in all the fluopyram treatments but was only increased 61.5% by sunn hemp plus azadirachtin treatment. While fluopyram alone often reduced the abundance of free-living nematodes, integrating with sunn hemp mitigated the negative impacts of fluopyram on soil health.
Analiza wpływu dokładności pozycjonowania urządzenia QUICKCHECKwebline na pomiar parametrów wiązki promieniowania.
Authors: Paluszyńska Marta , Bąk Olga , Charmacińska Magdalena , Sobocka-Kurdyk Urszula , Borowska Patrycja 
Published: September 2021

Zapewnienie jakości leczenia radioterapeutycznego zależy od fizycznych parametrów wiązki promieniowania jonizującego. QUICKCHECKwebline T42031 jest urządzeniem pomiarowym wykorzystywanym do kontroli jakości oraz stabilności pracy akceleratora medycznego wykorzystywanego w radioterapii. Urządzenie to mierzy dawkę w osi centralnej (CAX), stałość profili wiązki, jej symetrię, czy na przykład indeks jakości promieniowania (BQF). Pomiary zostały wykonane na aparacie TrueBeam firmy Varian (Varian Medical System, Palo Alto, USA). Urządzenie podczas codziennych pomiarów było pozycjonowane zarówno za pomocą centratorów laserowych jak i za pomocą krzyża symulacji świetlnej. Celem tej pracy było zbadanie wpływu dokładności ułożenia aparatury pomiarowej na parametry wiązki promieniowania.
Rola medycyny nuklearnej w diagnostyce chorób układu ruchu
Authors: Strojna Iga , Cholewiński Witold 
Published: September 2021

Techniki obrazowe z zakresu medycyny nuklearnej znajdują szerokie zastosowanie w ocenie licznych jednostek chorobowych, w tym – schorzeń układu ruchu. Wśród najczęściej wykorzystywanych metod radioizotopowych, wyróżniamy: scyntygrafię trójfazową (z ang. triple-phase scintigraphy), tomografię emisyjną pojedynczego fotonu (z ang. single-photon emission tomography, SPECT) oraz pozytonową tomografię emisyjną/tomografię komputerową (z ang. positron emission tomography/computed tomography, PET/CT).
Expression of a Tagless Single-Chain Variable Fragment (scFv) of Anti-TNF-α by a Salt Inducible System and its Purification and Characterization
Authors: Sain Avtar , Sen Priyankar , Venkataraman Krishnan , Vijayalakshmi Mookambika A. 
Published: September 2021

Background:Anti-TNF-α scFv is gaining acceptance as an effective drug for various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease that involve elevated levels of TNF-α. The single-chain variable fragment (scFv) consists of variable regions of heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Due to its smaller size, it curbs the mAb’s auto-antibody effects and their limitation of penetration into the tissues during the neutralization of TNF-α.Objective:In this work, a cDNA coding for anti-TNF-α scFv was successfully cloned into a pRSET-B vector and efficiently expressed in an E. coli strain GJ1158, a salt inducible system that uses sodium chloride instead of IPTG as an inducer.Methods:The protein was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies (IB), solubilized using urea, and refolded by pulse dilution. Further, the amino acid sequence coverage of scFv was confirmed by ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS and MALDI-TOF. Further studies on scaling up the production of scFv and its application of scFv are being carried out.Results:The soluble fraction of anti-TNF-α scFv was then purified in a single chromatographic step using CM-Sephadex chromatography, a weak cation exchanger with a yield of 10.3 mg/L. The molecular weight of the scFv was found to be ~ 28 kDa by SDS PAGE, and its presence was confirmed by western blot analysis and mass spectrometry.Conclusion:Anti-TNF-α scFv has been successfully purified in a salt inducible system GJ1158. As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of purification of Anti-TNF-α scFv in a salt inducible system from soluble fractions as well as inclusion bodies.
Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases: A Charming Real World Together with Probiotics
Authors: Piccioni Andrea , Cicchinelli Sara , Valletta Federico , De Luca Giulio , Longhitano Yaroslava , Candelli Marcello , Ojetti Veronica , Sardeo Francesco , Navarra Simone , Covino Marcello , Franceschi Francesco 
Published: September 2021

Background:The role of gut microbiota in human disease is fascinating for hundreds of researchers worldwide. Many works have highlighted that gut microbiota modulates the immune system and that its disruption can trigger autoimmune and inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. Probiotics are able to positively modify microbiota composition.Objective:The aim of this review is to report the most important findings regarding the effects of probiotics administration in the most common autoimmune disease and inflammatory immune-mediated diseases.Method:Literature research was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline, as well as in specific journal websites using the keywords: “autoimmunity”, “microbiota”, and “probiotics”. The article selection has been made independently by three authors, and controversies have been solved by a fourth researcher. Only English-language articles were included and preference was given to clinical trials, meta-analysis, and case series. After the review process, 68 articles have been considered.Results:Relying on this evidence, many studies have investigated the potential of probiotics in restoring gut eubiosis, thus affecting pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and course of these pathologies. Even in the light of few and sometimes contradictory studies, physicians should start to consider these preliminary findings when approaching patients suffering from autoimmune disease. After an accurate case-by-case evaluation of potential candidates, probiotics might be introduced besides the standard therapeutic plan as supportive measures.
Reduced Immunogenicity of Intraparenchymal Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 2 Vectors: Brief Overview
Authors: Muramatsu Shin-Ichi , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Gidoni-Ben-Zeev Bruria 
Published: September 2021

:
Pre existing immunity to Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) poses a concern in AAV vector–
mediated gene therapy. Localized administration of low doses of carefully chosen AAV serotypes
can mitigate the risk of an immune response. This article will illustrate the low risk of immune
response to AAV serotype 2 vector–mediated gene therapy to the brain with support from
clinical trial data in aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency and Parkinson disease.
Palmitoylated Prolactin-releasing Peptide Reduced Aβ Plaques and Microgliosis in the Cerebellum: APP/PS1 Mice Study
Authors: Mengr Anna , Hrubá Lucie , Exnerová Aneta , Holubová Martina , Popelová Andrea , Železná Blanka , Kuneš Jaroslav , Maletínská Lenka 
Published: September 2021

Background:Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a potential drug for the treatment of obesity and associated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) due to its strong anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties. In our recent study, the lipidized PrRP analog palm11-PrRP31 was proven to exert beneficial effects in APP/PS1 mice, a model of Alzheimer´s Disease (AD)-like amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, reducing the Aβ plaque load, microgliosis and astrocytosis in the hippocampus and cortex.Objective:In this study, we focused on the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of palm11-PrRP31 and its possible impact on synaptogenesis in the cerebellum of APP/PS1 mice, because others have suggested that cerebellar Aβ plaques contribute to cognitive deficits in AD.Methods:APP/PS1 mice were treated subcutaneously with palm11-PrRP31 for 2 months, then immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify pathological markers connected to AD, compared to control mice.Results:In the cerebella of 8 months old APP/PS1 mice, we found widespread Aβ plaques surrounded by activated microglia detected by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba1), but no increase in astrocytic marker Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) compared to controls. Interestingly, no difference in both presynaptic markers syntaxin1A and postsynaptic marker spinophilin was registered between APP/PS1 and control mice. Palm11-PrRP31 treatment significantly reduced the Aβ plaque load and microgliosis in the cerebellum. Furthermore, palm11-PrRP31 increased synaptogenesis and attenuated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.Conclusion:These results suggest palm11-PrRP31 is a promising agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Persons Living with HIV Infection
Authors: Monsuez Jean-Jacques , Lopez-Sublet Marilucy 
Published: September 2021

:
Persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) have been recognized to have an increased
risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Prevention of this risk should theoretically be included in their
long-term management. However, only a few approaches have been proposed to optimize such interventions.
Targeting detection of the commonly associated conditions such as coronary artery disease,
left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias
is the first step of this prevention. However, although detection of the risk of SCD is a suitable
challenge in PLWH, it remains uncertain whether optimized treatment of the identified risks
would unequivocally translate into a decrease in SCD rates.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus - A Cluster
Analysis
Authors: Sindaghatta Chaya K. , Vijetha Vishwa K. , Komarla Lokesh S. , Biligere Jayaraj S. , Malamardi Sowmya , H.M. Virupaksha , Praveena Attahalli S. , Kandi Subhakar , Anand Mahesh P. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis are a dual disease burden, and diabetes
is associated with a threefold risk of developing tuberculosis. Though India is considered to have
an abundance of sunlight, the prevalence of deficiency of vitamin D is high, which is shown to
cause impairment in the macrophage-initiated immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods:
Our study estimated the prevalence of mean levels and determinants of vitamin D deficiency
in patients with tuberculosis or diabetes and those with both tuberculosis and diabetes. A
cluster analysis was performed to identify whether these patients belong to distinct clusters and
evaluate whether vitamin D levels were significantly different between clusters.

Results:
The study observed that the lowest vitamin D levels were observed among subjects with
both pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes. Multinomial logistic regression analysis observed that
higher levels of vitamin D were protective against both diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis, and
while higher body mass index lowered odds of pulmonary tuberculosis, it increased the odds of diabetes.
The cluster analysis identified five distinct clusters with different characteristics of pulmonary
tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, sputum mycobacterial load, age distribution, body mass index,
vitamin D, serum albumin, and serum calcium.

Conclusion:
In South India, among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes or either disease
alone, hypovitaminosis D is a common phenomenon. The cluster analysis plays an important
role in future research on biomarkers to identify specific phenotypes in patients with tuberculosis
and diabetes.
Impact and Protection of GNSS Interference: Resilient Positioning in Next Generation Satellite-Based Railway Train Control
Authors: Liu Jiang , Cai Bai-Gen , Wang Jian , Lu De-Biao 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has great potentials in
next-generation railway train control systems. Considering the fail-safe characteristics of train control,
the threat from GNSS interference may result in an increasing likelihood of outages of train
positioning or even safety risks to the railway system.

Objective:
The interference protection solutions are investigated and demonstrated for achieving the
resilient train positioning using GNSS.

Methods:
This paper describes the main types of GNSS interference and investigates the impact on
Location Determination Unit (LDU) in the GNSS-based train control system. Specific architectures
and solutions for interference detection and protection in both the position domain and measurement
domain are presented.

Results:
Interference injection simulations are performed with both the GNSS spoofing and jamming
signals, which evaluate the effects of interferences and demonstrate the protection performance
of the presented solutions under GNSS attack scenarios.

Conclusion:
The interference protection solutions within both the position domain and measurement
domain are effective and significant to mitigate the effects from the GNSS interference, which
enables resilient train positioning to achieve safe train operation.
PEMBERDAYAAN DAN PEMANFAATAN TOGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN SISTEM IMUN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KELURAHAN NUSANTARA PERMAI
Authors: Oktarlina Rasmi Zakiah , Oktarlina Afra Rahmania Santi 
Published: September 2021

Covid-19 merupakan penyakit yang sedang menjadi pandemi di berbagai belahan dunia karena laju penyebarannya yang sangat cepat. Untuk mengatasi covid-19 perlu adanya upaya pencegahan, salah satunya dengan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan penggunaan tanaman obat keluarga. Penggunaan Tanaman obat dan keluarga didasari oleh efek khasiatnya sebagai obat yang dipergunakan untuk penyembuhan maupun mencegah berbagai penyakit dan memiliki kandungan efek sinergi dari berbagai zat yang mempunyai efek mengobati. Atas dasar-dasar tersebut maka dilakukan pengabdian pembuatan kebun tanaman obat dan keluarga yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangkaian proses Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). Kegiatan ini penting dilakukan agar masyarakat mengetahui dan memanfaatkan tanaman-tanaman obat yang ada disekitar untuk mengobati penyakit-penyakit tertentu sebelum memutuskan untuk melakukan pengobatan medis yang menggunakan obatkimia. Sehingga masyarakat dimasa pandemi covid-19 mampu menyediakan obat yang lebih murah dan efeksamping yang lebih ringan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dan praktik atau demonstrasi. Sehingga masyarakat dapat mempraktikkan secara langsung dan menerapkan di sekitar lingkungan rumah. Dalam pelaksanaannya disampaikan metode pengolahan tanaman TOGA sehingga menjadi minuman immunostimulan yang menyehatkan maupun bagaimana cara menanamnya. Hasil yang diperoleh ialah terdapat peningkatan kemampuan dan kesadaran masyarakat yang mulai menanam tanaman obat dan keluarga dipekarangan rumahnya.
Pengaruh Pembiayaan Murabahah dan Suku Bunga BI Terhadap Pendapatan Margin Murabahah Perbankan Syariah (Studi Pada BUS di Indonesia)
Authors: Rosa Sindy Silvya , Kusumawaty Mia 
Published: September 2021

The research objective was to determine the effect of murabaha financing and interest rate BI to Revenue Margin On Islamic Banking simultaneously and partially. This type of research is associative research. The data digunakanadalah secondary data, where the data is murabaha financing resources and Bank Indonesia interest rate and margin murabaha year 2011-2015 at six banks listed in Indonesia. Data collection techniques in this study is documentation. Data analysis techniques used in this research is qualitative analysis techniques. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis.
The results of this study showed that simultaneous Murabahah Financing and Interest Rates Bank Indonesia influence Revenue Margin Murabaha Islamic Banking in Indonesia. Partially Financing Murabahahm significant effect on Income Margin Murabaha Islamic Banking in Indonesia, while the interest rate of Bank Indonesia partially no significant effect on Income Margin Murabaha Islamic Banking in Indonesia