bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrital zircons record the evolution of the Cathaysian Coastal Mountains along the South China margin
Authors: Chen Yan , Meng Jun , Liu Hao , Wang Chengshan , Tang Ming , Liu Tao , Zhao Yinan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Cathaysian Coastal Mountains are thought to be an ancient high‐topographic feature that existed along the margin of South China. They are characterised by extensive Jurassic–Cretaceous magmatism; however, their formation mechanism and timing remains uncertain. In this paper, we present sedimentological and detrital zircon analyses from Cretaceous–Eocene strata and drainage sediments from Hainan Island. Our analyses show a change in provenance from a proximal Cathaysian Coastal arc source in Cretaceous strata to a widely distributed intra‐island granite source in the Eocene strata and modern river sediments. Reconstruction of the crustal thickness evolution for the South China margin from Eu/Eu*‐in‐zircon proxy shows significant crustal thickening during the Late Jurassic–Cretaceous, thereby suggesting the existence of the Cathaysian Coastal Mountains. Together with a compilation of detrital zircon U‐Pb ages in the northern basins of the South China Sea margin, we conclude that the Cathaysian Coastal Mountains extended from the Red River region to Taiwan along the South China margin during the Late Jurassic–Cretaceous and then collapsed/eroded from northeast to southwest during the Eocene–Miocene. This large mountain range supplied detrital sediments to the marginal basins in the northern South China Sea and formed a topographic barrier that prohibited moist Pacific air to reach the relatively arid inland area of South China during the Late Jurassic–Cretaceous.
The prognostic influence of lymphatic endothelium–specific hyaluronan receptor 1 in cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Karinen Sini , Hujanen Roosa , Salo Tuula , Salem Abdelhakim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLymphangiogenesis is a key process in cancer development and metastasis. Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE‐1) is a widely used marker for lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC), which also mediates immune and cancer cell migration. Recently, LYVE‐1–positive tumor cells were shown to acquire LEC‐like phenotype and exploit this receptor for lymphatic dissemination. Furthermore, selective targeting of LYVE‐1 impaired the growth of cancer‐related vasculature and reduced metastasis in vivo, signifying its role in therapeutic and prognostic applications. Although numerous studies have investigated the role of LYVE‐1 in cancer, a unifying detailed review of its prognostic utility is lacking to date. Thus, we compiled and critically appraised evidence from clinical studies comprising a total of 2352 patients diagnosed with different types of cancer and using a variety of experimental approaches. Collectively, most studies revealed a significant association between LYVE‐1 overexpression and dismal outcome of at least one survival estimate. Furthermore, the importance of vasculature location, intra‐ or peritumoral, and the influence of various lymphangiogenesis‐related parameters, such as lymphatic vessel density and invasion, were discussed. However, the specificity of LYVE‐1 staining is challenged by its expression in non‐LEC cells, implying the need for double labelling to better estimate its prognostic significance. In conclusion, this is to our knowledge the first comprehensive systematic review on the prognostic value of LYVE‐1 in cancer. More well‐designed studies across different populations and the development of standardized protocols would be paramount for the consistency of LYVE‐1 findings and for its potential transferability to clinical practice in future.
Clinical usefulness of red dichromatic imaging in hemostatic treatment during endoscopic submucosal dissection: First report from a multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fujimoto Ai , Saito Yutaka , Abe Seiichiro , Hoteya Syu , Nomura Kosuke , Yasuda Hiroshi , Matsuo Yasumasa , Uraoka Toshio , Kuribayashi Shiko , Tsuji Yosuke , Ohki Daisuke , Maehata Tadateru , Kato Motohiko , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo verify the efficacy and safety of red dichromatic imaging (RDI) in hemostatic procedures during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).MethodsThis is a multicenter randomized controlled trial of 404 patients who underwent ESD of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum. Patients who received hemostatic treatments by RDI during ESD were defined as the RDI group (n = 204), and those who received hemostatic treatments by white light imaging (WLI) were defined as the WLI group (n = 200). The primary endpoint was a shortening of the hemostasis time. The secondary endpoints were a reduction of the psychological stress experienced by the endoscopist during the hemostatic treatment, a shortened treatment time, and a non‐inferior perforation rate, in RDI versus WLI.ResultsThe mean hemostasis time in RDI (n = 860) was not significantly shorter than that in WLI (n = 1049) (62.3 ± 108.1 vs. 56.2 ± 74.6 s; P = 0.921). The median hemostasis time was significantly longer in RDI than in WLI (36.0 [18.0–71.0] vs. 28.0 [14.0–66.0] s; P = 0.001) in a sensitivity analysis. The psychological stress was significantly lower in RDI than in WLI (1.71 ± 0.935 vs. 2.03 ± 1.038; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the ESD treatment time between RDI (n = 161) and WLI (n = 168) (58.0 [35.0–86.0] vs. 60.0 [38.0–88.5] min; P = 0.855). Four perforations were observed, but none of them took place during the hemostatic treatment.ConclusionsHemostatic treatment using RDI does not shorten the hemostasis time. RDI, however, is safe to use for hemostatic procedures and reduces the psychological stress experienced by endoscopists when they perform hemostatic treatment during ESD.UMIN000025134.
A case for associational resistance: Apparent support for the stress gradient hypothesis varies with study system
Authors: Adams Amy E. , Besozzi Elizabeth M. , Shahrokhi Golya , Patten Michael A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccording to the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), ecological interactions between organisms shift positively as environmental stress increases. In the case of associational resistance, habitat is modified to ameliorate stress, benefitting other organisms. The SGH is contentious due to conflicting evidence and theoretical perspectives, so we adopted a meta‐analytic approach to determine if it is widely supported across a variety of contexts, including different kingdoms, ecosystems, habitats, interactions, stressors, and life history stages. We developed an extensive list of Boolean search criteria to search the published ecological literature and successfully detect studies that both directly tested the hypothesis, and those that were relevant but never mentioned it. We found that the SGH is well supported by studies that feature bacteria, plants, terrestrial ecosystems, interspecific negative interactions, adults, survival instead of growth or reproduction, and drought, fire, and nutrient stress. We conclude that the SGH is indeed a broadly relevant ecological hypothesis that is currently held back by cross‐disciplinary communication barriers. More SGH research is needed beyond the scope of interspecific plant competition, and more SGH research should feature multifactor stress. There remains a need to account for positive interactions in scientific pursuits, such as associational resistance in tests of the SGH.
Protective factors for subjective cognitive decline individuals: trajectories and changes in a longitudinal study with Italian elderly
Authors: Mondini Sara , Pucci Veronica , Montemurro Sonia , Rumiati Raffaella Ida 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMany different factors have been hypothesized to modulate cognition in an aging population according to their functioning at baseline.MethodsThis retrospective study quantifies the relative contribution of age and sex as demographic factors, comorbidity, education and occupation (classified with the International Standard Classification of Occupation 2008) as cognitive reserve proxies in accounting for cognitive aging. All participants (3081) were evaluated at baseline with a complete neuropsychological test battery (T1) and those with unimpaired profiles were classified as subjective cognitive decline, those mildly impaired as mild neurocognitive decline and those severely impaired as major neurocognitive decline. From the first assessment 543 individuals were assessed a second time (T2), and 125 a third time (T3). Depending on whether they maintained or worsened their profile, based on their initial performance, participants were then classified as resistant or declining.ResultsAt baseline, all individuals showed education and occupation as the best predictors of performance, in addition to age. Furthermore, across assessments, the resistant had higher levels of education and occupation than the declining. In particular, the education and occupation predicted cognitive performance in all groups considered, from the subjective cognitive decline to the one with the most severely impaired participants.ConclusionsThis study highlights the role of working activity in protecting from cognitive decline across all fragile elderly groups and even more so the individuals who are at very high risk of decline.
Blocking T‐cell egress with FTY720 extends DNA vaccine expression but reduces immunogenicity
Authors: Mann Jamie F. S. , McKay Paul F. , Klein Katja , Pankrac Joshua , Tregoning John S. , Shattock Robin J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOptimal immunogenicity from nucleic acid vaccines requires a balance of antigen expression that effectively engages the host immune system without generating a cellular response that rapidly destroys cells producing the antigen and thereby limiting vaccine antigen expression. We investigated the role of the cellular response on the expression and antigenicity of DNA vaccines using a plasmid DNA construct expressing luciferase. Repeated intramuscular administration led to diminished luciferase expression, suggesting a role for immune‐mediated clearance of expression. To investigate the role of cell trafficking, we used the sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator, FTY720 (Fingolimod), which traps lymphocytes within the lymphoid tissues. When lymphocyte trafficking was blocked with FTY720, DNA transgene expression was maintained at a constant level for a significantly extended time period. Both continuous and staggered administration of FTY720 prolonged transgene expression. However, blocking lymphocyte egress during primary transgene administration did not result in an increase of transgene expression during secondary administration. Interestingly, there was a disconnect between transgene expression and immunogenicity, as increasing expression by this approach did not enhance the overall immune response. Furthermore, when FTY720 was administered alongside a DNA vaccine expressing the HIV gp140 envelope antigen, there was a significant reduction in both antigen‐specific antibody and T‐cell responses. This indicates that the developing antigen‐specific cellular response clears DNA vaccine expression but requires access to the site of expression in order to develop an effective immune response.
BCG‐mediated protection against M. tuberculosis is sustained post‐malaria infection independent of parasite virulence
Authors: Tangie Emily , Walters Avril , Hsu Nai‐jen , Fisher Michelle , Magez Stefan , Jacobs Muazzam , Keeton Roanne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) and malaria remain serious threats to global health. Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine against TB protects against severe disseminated forms of TB in infants but shows poor efficacy against pulmonary TB in adults. Co‐infections have been reported as one of the factors implicated in vaccine inefficacy. Given the geographical overlap of malaria and TB in areas where BCG vaccination is routinely administered, we hypothesized that virulence‐dependent co‐infection with Plasmodium species could alter the BCG‐specific immune responses thus resulting in failure to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We compared virulent Plasmodium berghei and non‐virulent Plasmodium chabaudi, their effects on B cells, effector and memory T cells, and the outcome on BCG‐induced efficacy against M. tuberculosis infection. We demonstrate that malaria co‐infection modulates both B‐ and T‐cell immune responses but does not significantly alter the ability of the BCG vaccine to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis irrespective of parasite virulence. This malaria‐driven immune regulation may have serious consequences in the early clinical trials of novel vaccines, which rely on vaccine‐specific T‐cell responses to screen novel vaccines for progression to the more costly vaccine efficacy trials.
Identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 ‘memory’ NK cells from COVID‐19 convalescent donors for adoptive cell therapy
Authors: Herrera Lara , Martin‐Inaraja Myriam , Santos Silvia , Inglés‐Ferrándiz Marta , Azkarate Aida , Perez‐Vaquero Miguel A. , Vesga Miguel A. , Vicario Jose L. , Soria Bernat , Solano Carlos , De Paz Raquel , Marcos Antonio , Ferreras Cristina , Perez‐Martinez Antonio , Eguizabal Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 disease is the manifestation of syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, which is causing a worldwide pandemic. This disease can lead to multiple and different symptoms, being lymphopenia associated with severity one of the most persistent. Natural killer cells (NK cells) are part of the innate immune system, being fighting against virus‐infected cells one of their key roles. In this study, we determined the phenotype of NK cells after COVID‐19 and the main characteristic of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific‐like NK population in the blood of convalescent donors. CD57+ NKG2C+ phenotype in SARS‐CoV‐2 convalescent donors indicates the presence of ‘memory’/activated NK cells as it has been shown for cytomegalovirus infections. Although the existence of this population is donor dependent, its expression may be crucial for the specific response against SARS‐CoV‐2, so that, it gives us a tool for selecting the best donors to produce off‐the‐shelf living drug for cell therapy to treat COVID‐19 patients under the RELEASE clinical trial (NCT04578210).
Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers
Authors: Scurr Martin J. , Zelek Wioleta M. , Lippiatt George , Somerville Michelle , Burnell Stephanie E. A. , Capitani Lorenzo , Davies Kate , Lawton Helen , Tozer Thomas , Rees Tara , Roberts Kerry , Evans Mererid , Jackson Amanda , Young Charlotte , Fairclough Lucy , Tighe Paddy , Wills Mark , Westwell Andrew D. , Morgan B. Paul , Gallimore Awen , Godkin Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity is critical in evaluating vaccine efficacy and devising public health policies. Whilst the exact nature of effective immunity remains incompletely defined, SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses are a critical feature that will likely form a key correlate of protection against COVID‐19. Here, we developed and optimized a high‐throughput whole blood‐based assay to determine the T‐cell response associated with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and/or vaccination amongst 231 healthy donors and 68 cancer patients. Following overnight in vitro stimulation with SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific peptides, blood plasma samples were analysed for TH1‐type cytokines. Highly significant differential IFN‐γ+/IL‐2+ SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses were seen amongst previously infected COVID‐19‐positive healthy donors in comparison with unknown / naïve individuals (p < 0·0001). IFN‐γ production was more effective at identifying asymptomatic donors, demonstrating higher sensitivity (96·0% vs. 83·3%) but lower specificity (84·4% vs. 92·5%) than measurement of IL‐2. A single COVID‐19 vaccine dose induced IFN‐γ and/or IL‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses in 116 of 128 (90·6%) healthy donors, reducing significantly to 27 of 56 (48·2%) when measured in cancer patients (p < 0·0001). A second dose was sufficient to boost T‐cell responses in the majority (90·6%) of cancer patients, albeit IFN‐γ+ responses were still significantly lower overall than those induced in healthy donors (p = 0·034). Three‐month post‐vaccination T‐cell responses also declined at a faster rate in cancer patients. Overall, this cost‐effective standardizable test ensures accurate and comparable assessments of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses amenable to widespread population immunity testing, and identifies individuals at greater need of booster vaccinations.
MicroRNA‐590‐3p inhibits T helper 17 cells and ameliorates inflammation in lupus mice
Authors: Huang Junxia , Xu Xinzhi , Wang Xiuyuan , Yang Jie , Xue Meijuan , Yang Yiming , Zhang Ruomei , Yang Xue , Yang Ji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractT helper 17 (Th17) cells have a pathogenic effect in many autoimmune diseases. Inhibition of Th17 cells can alleviate the inflammatory damage in autoimmune diseases. Our previous study found that microRNA‐590‐3p (miR‐590‐3p) was involved in the differentiation of Th17 cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we demonstrated that an increase in Th17 cells was correlated with low expression of miR‐590‐3p in patients with SLE and in lupus mice. Upregulation of miR‐590‐3p reduced the differentiation and promoted apoptosis of Th17 cells. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that miR‐590‐3p promoted apoptosis in Th17 cells by inhibiting autophagy. Autophagy‐related 7 (Atg7) was the direct target of miR‐590‐3p that blocked the autophagy pathway. Finally, treatment of MRL/lpr mice with miR‐590‐3p agomir ameliorated lupus nephritis and skin lesions. Our work revealed that miR‐590‐3p inhibited Th17 cells by suppressing autophagy and that increased miR‐590‐3p expression was able to ameliorate the clinical symptoms of lupus. Therefore, miR‐590‐3p may be a promising therapeutic target for SLE and other Th17 cell‐dependent autoimmune diseases.
Multifunctional single‐crystal tellurium core multimaterial fiber via thermal drawing and laser recrystallization
Authors: Han Bin , Luo Qianhang , Zhang Pengyu , Zhang Ting , Tang Guowu , Chen Zhe , Zhang Hang , Zhong Baoan , Zeng Yunhao , Sun Min , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the field of multimaterial optical fibers, the demand for high‐performance single‐crystal core glass‐clad multimaterial optical fibers is increasing. However, the applications of single‐crystal fibers are restricted by the complex fabrication processes and the slow growth of single‐crystal materials. Here, a two‐step method is demonstrated to achieve single‐crystal tellurium (Te) core fibers with high crystal quality over the length of the fiber. This method starts with the thermal drawing of a fiber preform into polycrystalline Te core multimaterial fibers (precursor fibers) that are long and mechanically stable. A 532‐nm continuous laser is then employed to recrystallize the Te core in the precursor fiber into a single crystal state along the entire length of the fiber. Experimental studies of these single‐crystal fibers demonstrate that the single‐crystal Te core fibers possess high transmittance (>90% at 2–10 μm) and high thermoelectric performance (ZT values from 0.03 to 0.13 at 300 K temperature). They are superior to previous reports and our previous work. This method works for fabricating various single‐crystal fibers and has important applications in the field of optical fibers, functional fibers, and their integrated devices.
Piezo‐photocatalytic activity of mechanochemically synthesized BiVO4 for dye cleaning
Authors: Kumar Manish , Vaish Rahul , ben Ahmed Samia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSingle‐phase BiVO4 (BV) powder was synthesized successfully at 600°C within 4 h duration through the mechanochemical high energy ball milling method, and the combined photocatalytic and piezocatalytic activity was studied to exhibit piezo‐photocatalytic efficiency. Monoclinic BV phase existence in the synthesized powder was affirmed through Raman spectroscopy and the X‐ray diffraction techniques. The scanning electron microscopy affirmed the irregular‐shaped BV powder in the synthesized powders. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy affirmed the existence of various oxidation states of the elements V, Bi, and O in BV powders. The piezocatalytic and photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) dye degradation efficiency using BV powdered sample was observed to be 28% and 60%, respectively, within 240 min. The piezo‐photocatalytic MB dye degradation using BV powdered sample was observed to be 81% within 240 min. Effect of dye concentration on kinetic rate constant was also studied.
The use of laser-based diagnostics for the rapid identification of blood borne viruses in human plasma samples
Authors: Multari Rosalie A. , Cremers David A. , Nelson Ann , Fisher Carolyn , Karimi Zohreh , Young Stephen , Green Valerie , Williamson Phillip , Duncan Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
To demonstrate the use of a laser-based method of detection as a potential diagnostic test for the rapid identification of blood borne viruses in human plasma.

Methods and Results
In this study, using light emissions from laser sparks on plasma samples, the successful differentiation of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in both residual de-identified plasma samples and plasma samples spiked to clinically relevant levels with each virus were demonstrated using plasma from more than 20 individuals spanning six different blood types (O+, O−, A+, A−, B+, B−).

Conclusions
These experiments demonstrate that mathematical analysis of spectral data from laser sparks can provide accurate results within minutes. This capability was demonstrated using both spiked laboratory plasma samples and clinical plasma samples collected from infected and uninfected individuals.

Significance and Impact of the Study
There is an ongoing need to rapidly detect viral infections and to screen for multiple viral infections. A laser-based approach can achieve sensitive, multiplex detection with minimal sample preparation and provide results within minutes. These properties along with the flexibility to add new agent detection by adjusting the detection programming make it a promising tool for clinical diagnosis. The potential for a laser-based approach has been previously demonstrated using pathogens spiked into human blood to clinically relevant levels. This study demonstrates this same ability to detect infections in clinical and laboratory spiked plasma samples. The ability to differentiate between plasma samples from infected and uninfected donors and determine the virus type using a laser-based diagnostic has not been previously demonstrated. Furthermore, this study is the first demonstration of the capability to differentiate viral infections in clinical plasma samples whereas previously published work used laboratory samples spiked with a virus or dealt with the detection of cancer in clinical plasma samples.