bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amygdala functional connectivity mediates the association between catastrophizing and threat-safety learning in youth with chronic pain
Authors: Timmers Inge , López-Solà Marina , Heathcote Lauren C. , Heirich Marissa , Rush Gillian Q. , Shear Deborah , Borsook David , Simons Laura E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is a need to identify brain connectivity alterations predictive of transdiagnostic processes that may confer vulnerability for affective symptomology. Here, we tested whether amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) mediated the relationship between catastrophizing (negative threat appraisals and predicting poorer functioning) and altered threat-safety discrimination learning (critical to flexibly adapt to new and changing environments) in adolescents with persistent pain. We examined amygdala rsFC in 46 youth with chronic pain and 29 healthy peers (age M = 15.8, SD = 2.9; 64 females) and its relationship with catastrophizing and threat-safety learning. We used a developmentally appropriate threat-safety learning paradigm and performed amygdala seed–based rsFC and whole-brain mediation analyses. Patients exhibited enhanced connectivity between the left amygdala and right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) (cluster-level P-FDR < 0.05), whereas right amygdala rsFC showed no group differences. Only in patients, elevated catastrophizing was associated with facilitated threat-safety learning (CS+>CS−; r
p = 0.49, P = 0.001). Furthermore, in patients, elevated catastrophizing was associated with reduced left amygdala connectivity with SMG / parietal operculum, and increased left amygdala connectivity with hippocampus, dorsal striatum, paracingulate, and motor regions (P < 0.001). In addition, blunted left amygdala rsFC with right SMG/parietal operculum mediated the association between catastrophizing and threat-safety learning (P < 0.001). To conclude, rsFC between the left amygdala (a core emotion hub) and inferior parietal lobe (involved in appraisal and integration of bodily signals and attentional reorienting) explains associations between daily-life relevant catastrophizing and threat-safety learning. Findings provide a putative model for understanding pathophysiology involved in core psychological processes that cut across diagnoses, including disabling pain, and are relevant for their etiology.
Leprosy Update in China, 2019
Authors: Wang Le , Sun Pei-Wen , Yu Mei-Wen , Gu Heng , Wang Hong-Sheng , Chen Xiang-Sheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To study the epidemiology of leprosy in China in 2019 and give suggestions to improve future leprosy control activities.

Methods:
We collected leprosy data from the Leprosy Management Information System in China, which includes data from 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, except for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. We then performed a descriptive analysis of these data.

Results:
A total of 464 new leprosy cases were reported nationwide in 2019, with a case detection rate of 0.033/100,000. The proportions of children younger than 15years, multibacillary cases, and cases with World Health Organization grade 2 disability were 1.3%, 90.3%, and 21.6%, respectively. A total of 2,219 leprosy cases were registered in China by the end of 2019, giving a prevalence rate of 0.158/100,000. Fifty-six counties had a prevalence rate of more than 1/100,000, and most of them were located in Southwest China. There were 31 reported relapse cases.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of leprosy has improved continuously throughout China, but the southwest region is still an area of concern.
Efficacy and Safety of 0.05% Halometasone/1% Triclosan Cream Versus 0.1% Mometasone Furoate Cream in the Treatment of truncal vitiligo: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Qi Shu-Zhen , Zeng Xue-Si , Hu Shu-Chang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To retrospectively evaluate efficacy and safety of 0.05% halometasone/1% triclosan cream (Hal/TCS) in treating truncal vitiligo of children and adolescents.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the records of children and adolescents with truncal vitiligo treated only with topical Hal/TCS twice daily or only with topical 0.1% mometasone furoate cream (mometasone) twice daily for at least 3 months, and collected relevant data. Efficacy outcomes included patients’ mean repigmentation score after 1- and 3-month treatment calculated based on patients’ repigmentation percentage, and effective rate (percentage of patients with ≥50% repigmentation). Subgroup analyses of patients’ mean repigmentation score based on their age, vitiligo stage, and duration were conducted. Rate of adverse events were calculated.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-two eligible patients were included, among them, 63 and 59 patients were in the Hal/TCS group and the mometasone group, respectively. After 3 months of treatment, the Hal/TCS group had significantly higher mean repigmentation score and effective rate than the mometasone group (53.49 ± 28.33 vs. 41.46 ± 27.16, P = 0.02; 53.97% vs. 35.59%, P = 0.04, respectively). Patients with shorter disease duration (≤12 months) and patients with progressive vitiligo responded significantly better to the Hal/TCS treatment than patients with longer disease duration and patients with stable vitiligo, respectively. Both treatments were well tolerated and the two treatment groups had comparable rates of adverse events.

Conclusions:
Short-term Hal/TCS treatment was effective, well-tolerated, and safe in treating vitiligo in the trunk of children and adolescents.
Chinese Immigrant Women's Experiences as Community Health Workers in Korea: A Focus Group Study
Authors: KIM Jiyun , KIM Hyang , HAN Hae-Ra 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The number of immigrant women in Korea is rapidly increasing. Immigrant women in Korea experience a host of health problems associated with living in a new country. Community health workers (CHWs) may be effective at delivering health promotion programs to vulnerable groups such as recent immigrants.

Purpose
Qualitative analysis was performed to identify the main themes characterizing the experiences of CHWs in recommending and guiding preventive screening tests for immigrant women.

Methods
This focus-group study was designed to investigate the experiences and perceptions of CHWs. We conducted interviews with 15 Chinese immigrant women who served as CHWs in a cancer screening program. We asked questions about the attitudes and perceptions that CHWs had from their research experiences. Each interview was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim.

Results
Three main themes emerged: (a) recognizing the need for preventive healthcare, (b) becoming the CHWs who help people to be healthy, and (c) challenges to overcome to make CHWs more active. The CHWs in this study were willing to help other Chinese immigrant women and to improve their competency to help more effectively. However, they recognized limitations on their ability to address problems when delivering a breast and cervical cancer screening program.

Conclusions
When training CHWs for immigrants in Korea, frequent opportunities for consultation should be provided during program delivery to facilitate troubleshooting and help CHWs overcome challenges. A program that utilizes CHWs for various minority groups is needed.
Development and Evaluation of a Transition Model for Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Moving From Pediatric to Adult Surgical Care
Authors: Bergström Jenny , Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Abrahamsson Kate , Bräutigam Matilda , Gatzinsky Cathrine 
Published: July 2021

Background
There is a need for a transition model for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) moving from pediatric to adult surgical care.

Aim
The aim of this study was to report the development and evaluation of a transition model for adolescents with IBD from pediatric to adult surgical care in a Swedish setting.

Methods
A multidisciplinary team conducted a literature search on the needs of patients with IBD moving from pediatric to adult surgical care. This was followed by a consensus discussion to aid the creation of a surgical transition model. Between 2018 and 2020, eight of 12 adolescents who had undergone IBD surgery and were transferred to adult care answered a 25-item questionnaire regarding their health and quality of care.

Results
The main components of the surgical transition model are as follows: The adolescents are given more responsibility for their IBD management; they meet staff without parents; they are given information about the transfer at the age of 14 years; if willing, they undergo a rectoscopy without anesthesia; and they complete a transition checklist and have a first meeting with the pediatric and adult surgical staff. After transfer, respondents rated their health positively but described some everyday life limitations. They reported sufficient preparation before transfer, positive attitudes by healthcare professionals, and parental support. They felt they had been given enough information before the stoma surgery and were satisfied with availability of the nurse and the stoma location.

Discussion
A surgical transition model from pediatric to adult care for patients with IBD is motivated from the adolescents' perspectives. More research is warranted.
Classroom-Based Simulation: Participants and Observers Perceive High Psychological Fidelity and Improved Clinical Preparedness
Authors: Miale Susan , Silberman Nicki , Kupczynski Lori 
Published: July 2021

Introduction.
High-fidelity simulation-based learning experiences (SBLEs) can improve student confidence for clinical practice, but there are several barriers to incorporating these activities into physical therapy program curricula.

Review of Literature.
Studies have explored high-fidelity acute care SBLEs in simulation laboratories, but little is known about the effectiveness of low-cost classroom-based SBLES in physical therapy education. Additionally, there is a gap in the literature related to the role of the active observer during SBLEs in physical therapy education. The purpose of this study was to uncover student perspectives about participating as both participant and observer in classroom-based SBLEs and the impact of this experience on preparedness for acute care clinical practice.

Subjects.
Subjects included a convenience sample of first-year doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students.

Methods.
Students participated in a series of classroom-based SBLEs as part of a first-year DPT course. This mixed methods study included focus groups to qualitatively analyze student perspectives of classroom-based SBLEs and a pre–post quasi-experimental design to evaluate changes in perceived self-efficacy for acute care clinical practice before and after a series of classroom-based SBLEs using the Acute Care Confidence Survey (ACCS).

Results.
Quantitative data analysis (n = 60) revealed a statistically significant increase in perceived self-efficacy for the total ACCS (Z = −6.250, P < .000) and all 4 subscales from presimulation to postsimulation. Qualitative data analysis (n = 22) revealed 4 primary themes related to participating in classroom-based SBLEs: (1) psychological fidelity—it felt real; (2) promotes clinical reasoning for participants and observers; (3) stimulates self-reflection and observational learning; and (4) fosters self-efficacy for future clinical practice.

Conclusion.
Classroom-based SBLEs can provide a high-fidelity and cost-effective means of exposing students to a range of clinical situations that engage all participants in experiential learning through both direct participation and active observation.
Otologic Manifestations After COVID-19 Vaccination: The House Ear Clinic Experience
Authors: Wichova Helena , Miller Mia E. , Derebery M. Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
With the increasing numbers of COVID-19 vaccinations available there are some reports of new onset of otologic symptoms. We present our experience in recently vaccinated patients over a 30-day time frame.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary otology ambulatory practice.

Patients:
All patients with available diagnostic codes, COVID-19 questionnaires and clinical notes.

Interventions:
Observational recordings.

Main Outcome Measures:
Within the same 30-day time period in 2019, 2020, and 2021, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.8% respectively, of all office visits were for patients with the diagnosis of new onset idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) without other underlying otologic diagnoses. In this time frame in 2021, 30 patients out of the 1,325 clinical visits had new or significantly exacerbated otologic symptoms that began shortly after COVID-19 vaccination. Specifically, 18 patients received Moderna and 12 patients received Pfizer vaccine. Their mean age was 60.9±13.8 years old; 11 were women and 19 men. The mean onset of symptoms was 10.18 ± 9 days post-vaccination. Symptoms included 25 patients (83.3%) with hearing loss, 15 (50%) with tinnitus, eight (26.7%) with dizziness, and five (16.7%) with vertigo. Eleven patients had previous otologic diagnoses, including six patients with Menière's disease, two with autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), and three having both.

Conclusions:
There are no definite correlations to the COVID-19 pandemic or vaccination and new or worsened otologic symptoms. Vaccinated patients with new or exacerbated otologic symptoms should be promptly referred for evaluation. Suspected cases of post-vaccination otologic symptoms should be reported to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS).
The Effect of CPAP on Middle Ear Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Cheng , Yuen Erick , Nguyen Shaun A. , Meyer Ted A. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To assess the effect of short-term and long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use on middle ear pressure (MEP) in adult ears.

Databases Reviewed:
PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched through October 2020. Search strategies used a combination of subject headings (e.g., MeSH in PubMed) and keywords for CPAP and middle ear pressure.

Methods:
English-language articles studying changes in MEP as measured by tympanometry or tympanograms in patients using CPAP were selected for inclusion. Data extraction from included articles included demographics, baseline, and follow-up data.

Results:
A total of 7 articles representing 664 patients with weighted mean age of 42.5 years (range 34.9–57.8 yrs) were included. Meta-analysis of three qualifying studies demonstrated a positive correlation between higher CPAP pressures and degree of MEP rise during CPAP use compared to baseline with mean difference of 25.1 daPa (95% confidence interval [18.7, 31.4]) at 5 cm H2O and 81.9 daPa (95% confidence interval [60.2, 103.5]) at 10 cm H2O. Short-term effects of CPAP use were reviewed in four studies that showed a transient rise in MEP. Three separate studies examining the long-term effects of CPAP use showed resting MEP was higher in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which might be related to progressive eustachian tube dysfunction as a complication of severe OSA.

Conclusion:
Short-term CPAP use is associated with transient elevations of MEP in adult ears. Long-term CPAP use might produce beneficial MEP changes, especially in patients with OSA and eustachian tube dysfunction.
Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonism is Capable of Preventing Lipopolysaccharide Induced Decreases of Cochlear Microcirculation – A Potential Approach for Inner Ear Pathologies
Authors: Weiss Bernhard G. , Freytag Saskia , Kloos Benedikt , Haubner Frank , Sharaf Kariem , Spiegel Jennifer Lee , Canis Martin , Ihler Friedrich , Bertlich Mattis 
Published: July 2021

Hypothesis:
The ability of JWH-133, an agonist at the cannabinoid receptor 2, to abrogate the effects of lipopolysaccharide on cochlear microcirculation was investigated.

Background:
Cochlear inflammation and subsequent impairment of microcirculation is part of numerous pathologies affecting inner ear function, including suppurative labyrinthitis, noise trauma, and sudden sensorineural hearing loss. One way of causing cochlear inflammation is exposing the cochlea to lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial endotoxin.

Methods:
Twenty Dunkin-hartley guinea pigs were divided into four groups of five animals each. Two groups received topic treatment with JWH-133 and two received treatment with placebo. One group that had been treated with JWH-133 and one with placebo were then exposed to lipopolysaccharide or placebo, respectively. Cochlear microcirculation was quantified before, in between and after treatments by in vivo fluorescence microscopy.

Results:
Significantly different changes in cochlear blood flow were only seen in the group that was treated with placebo and subsequently lipopolysaccharide. Every other group showed no significant change in cochlear blood flow.

Conclusion:
JWH-133 is capable of abrogating the effects of lipopolysaccharide on cochlear microcirculation. It may therefore be clinical interest in treating numerous inflammation associated cochlear pathologies.
Could the systemic immune-inflammation index be a predictor to estimate cerebrovascular events in hypertensive patients?
Authors: Aydin Cihan , Alpsoy Şeref , Akyüz Aydin , Özkaramanli Gür Demet , Emlek Nadir , Şahin Ayhan , Gültekin Ahmet , Aykaç Hüseyin 
Published: July 2021

Background and objectives
Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Inflammatory processes occupy an important place in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Many studies have studied inflammatory markers responsible for the onset of hypertension and organ damage. In this study, we investigated whether the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte), – one of the new inflammatory markers – can be used to predict cerebrovascular events in hypertensive patients.

Methods
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results between January 2019 and June 2020 of approximately 379 patients followed up with hypertension were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups as with or without a previous cerebrovascular event in the analyzed database. In all patients, complete blood count and biochemistry test results just before the cerebrovascular event were found from the database. SII, atherogenic index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were calculated from the complete blood count. Forty-nine patients with stroke (group 1: 12.9%; mean age: 64.3 ± 14.6) and 330 patients without stroke (group 2: 87.1%; mean age: 50.8 ± 14.4).

Results
Ambulatory blood pressure measurements were lower in group 1. Lipid parameters were also lower in this group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that SII had a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 84.8 % for stroke in individuals who participated in the study when the cutoff value of SII was 633.26 × 103 (P = 0.0001) area under curve (95%); 0.898 (0.856–0.941). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and SII were significantly associated with a higher risk of stroke. Age, (hazard ratio:1.067; 95% CI, 1.021–1.115), SII (hazard ratio:1.009; 95% CI, 1.000–1.009), respectively.

Conclusions
In conclusion, SII is a simple, useful new inflammatory parameter for predicting stroke from hypertension. We found that the high SII levels increase the risk of stroke in hypertensive patients.
The diagnostic value of metabolic, morphological and heterogeneous parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT in mediastinal lymph node metastasis of non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hua Jun , Li Lan , Liu Lisheng , Liu Qi , Liu Ying , Chen Xiaoliang 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
To investigate the value of PET/CT metabolic, morphological and heterogeneous parameters in the diagnosis of 18F-FDG positive mediastinal lymph node metastasis in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and methods
A total of 156 patients with pathologically diagnosed NSCLC and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were enrolled in this study. Mediastinal lymph nodes with 18F-FDG uptake greater than the mediastinum were analyzed. The metabolic parameters of maximum and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax, SUVmean), SUVratio (node SUVmax/mediastinum SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), morphological parameters of maximum short diameter (Dmin), CT values and metabolic heterogeneity parameter of coefficient of variation (COV) were measured. The performance of each parameter and their combinations for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results
There were 206 lymph nodes with pathological evidence included in the study, including 103 metastatic and 103 nonmetastatic nodes. The SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVratio, TLG, COV and Dmin of metastatic lymph nodes were significantly higher/greater than those in nonmetastatic ones (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the combination of SUVratio, Dmin and COV showed the highest diagnostic efficacy among all single and combined parameters, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.907 (P = 0.000), these three parameters all increased the risk of lymph node metastasis, with odds ratios of 1.848, 1.293 and 1.258, respectively (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Heterogeneity parameter was helpful for the accurate distinction of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. The combination of the SUVratio, Dmin and COV could improve the diagnostic accuracy. Multiple-parameters analysis plays an important complementary role in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.
How Is Jump Performance Affected in Male Athletes when Completed with a Visual Impairment?
Authors: Timmis Matthew A. , Ferrandino Michael , Morrison Andrew , Allen Peter M. , Latham Keziah 
Published: July 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
High-, long-, and triple-jump athletic events may need to consider whether it is appropriate to group vision-impaired athletes in the same classification with loss of different visual functions, and a greater emphasis may need to be placed on the visual field (VF) within the current classification system used.

PURPOSE
Athletes with vision impairment are grouped, based on their visual function, into one of three different classes (B1, B2, and B3, with B1 being the most severe). Athletes in class B2 have loss in visual acuity (VA; range, 1.50 to 2.60 logMAR) or VF (constricted to a diameter of <10°). The current study investigated how loss of different visual function (VA or VF) within the same class impacts jumping performance, a fundamental component in long-, triple-, and high-jump athletic events.

METHODS
Ten subelite male athletes (age, 21.6 ± 0.96 years; height, 178.8 ± 2.97 cm; mass, 82.2 ± 10.58 kg) with normal vision who participate in athletics were recruited. Participants completed drop jumps in four vision conditions: habitual vision condition (Full), VA no better than 1.60 logMAR (B2-VA), VF restricted to <10° (B2-VF), and VA no better than 1.30 logMAR (B3-VA).

RESULTS
Meaningful differences were observed between Full and B2-VF conditions. After rebound, vertical velocity at take-off was highest in Full condition (2.84 ± 0.35 m · s−1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68 to 2.99 m · s−1) and was lowest in B2-VF condition (20% reduction; 2.32 ± 0.29 m · s−1; 95% CI, 2.16 to 2.48 m · s−1). Peak vertical jump height was highest in Full (0.42 ± 0.10 m; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.46 m) and reduced by 40% in B2-VF (0.28 ± 0.07 m; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.32 m). Minimal differences were found between Full and B2-VA, or B3-VA conditions.

CONCLUSIONS
Jump performance is compromised in athletes with simulated vision impairment. However, decrements in performance seem specific to those with severely constricted VF. Those with reduced VA (in B2-VA and B3-VA classes) seem to produce performance comparable to those with normal vision.