bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ectopic thymoma arising in the middle mediastinum that was difficult to distinguish from a lymph node metastasis
Authors: Fukahori Michiko , Kimura Naoko , Miyauchi Yoshihiro , Hirano Kazuhiko , Morimoto Kohei , Takahashi Miyuki , Ueda Ayaka , Okazaki Sayano , Taguchi Keisuke , Tsukahara Yu , Hattori Sakurako , Suematsu Yuki , Yan Masahiro , Teranishi Nobuhisa , Wakabayashi Kazuhiko , Itoh Yutaka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Ectopic thymomas often occur in the upper mediastinum; however, they rarely arise in the middle mediastinum, especially on the dorsal side of the innominate vein and superior vena cava in the peribronchial region.

Case presentation
Six years prior, a 27-year-old female presented to our department and was diagnosed with locally advanced left breast cancer. First, we administered chemotherapy including an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody. The size of the tumor was markedly reduced, and a radical operation involving mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection was then performed. The patient underwent radiotherapy after the mastectomy, followed by trastuzumab therapy; she continued to receive endocrine therapy thereafter. She underwent computed tomography once a year after the surgery, and a nodule in the middle mediastinum on the dorsal side of the innominate vein and superior vena cava in the parabronchial region was detected at 4 years. We speculated that the nodule was a solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis from her breast cancer; therefore, we performed thoracoscopic resection of the tumor. We diagnosed the tumor as a thymoma. Currently, the patient visits our hospital to receive continuous hormone therapy for her breast cancer, and the latest computed tomography scan demonstrated no metastases from or recurrence of her breast cancer or thymoma.

Conclusions
We report a case of ectopic thymoma in the middle mediastinum. The tumor, which was detected during systemic therapy for locally advanced breast cancer, was located on the dorsal side of the innominate vein and superior vena cava in the parabronchial region and was indistinguishable from a lymph node metastasis from breast cancer.
Gallbladder Wall Thickening associated with Dengue Shock Syndrome in a German traveller – no indication for surgical therapy – a case report
Authors: Freise Noemi F. , Jensen Björn , Keitel Verena , Luedde Tom 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing number of dengue virus infections imported into Germany, knowledge about the different phases of the disease and possible complications is essential for the treatment of patients. The virus is endemic in the tropics and subtropics and up to 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection.Case presentationHere we present a German traveller with dengue shock syndrome after returning from Thailand. After hospitalization the patient developed acute upper abdominal pain. The ultrasound findings were consistent with an acute acalculous cholecystitis, but were interpreted as dengue associated gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT). Therefore a surgical intervention was not indicated and would have been associated with an higher risk of complications in this situation. Under supportive care spontaneous regression of GBWT could be documented by sonography four days later as well as complete resolution of clinical symptoms.ConclusionGBWT in dengue virus infection mimicking acute cholecystitis is a differential diagnosis one should take into consideration in travellers returning from endemic areas and should be managed conservatively because of an high risk of bleeding and increased mortality under surgical therapy.
Weaving Lines of Inquiry: Promoting Transdisciplinarity as a Distinctive Way of Undertaking Sport Science Research
Authors: Woods Carl T. , Rudd James , Araújo Duarte , Vaughan James , Davids Keith 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe promotion of inter- and multidisciplinarity — broadly drawing on other disciplines to help collaboratively answer important questions to the field — has been an important goal for many professional development organisations, universities, and research institutes in sport science. While welcoming collaboration, this opinion piece discusses the value oftransdisciplinaryresearch for sports science. The reason for this is that inter- and multidisciplinary research are still bound by disciplinary convention — often leading sport science researchers to studyabouta phenomenon based on pre-determined disciplinary ways of conceptualising, measuring, and doing. In contrast, transdisciplinary research promotes contextualised studywitha phenomenon, like sport, unbound by disciplinary confines. It includes a more narrative and abductive way of performing research, with this abduction likely opening newlines of inquiryfor attentive researchers to follow. It is in theweavingof these lines where researchers can encounter new information, growing knowledge in-between, through, and beyond the disciplines to progressivelyentanglenovel and innovative insights related to a phenomenon or topic of interest. To guide innovation and the development of such research programmes in sport science, we lean on the four cornerstones of transdisciplinarity proposed by Alfonso Montuori, exemplifying what they could mean for such research programmes in sport science.
Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice
Authors: von Steuben Thore , Salewski Christoph , Xepapadeas Alexander B. , Mutschler Moritz , Spintzyk Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable.

Methods
A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences.

Results
3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves.

Conclusions
The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications.
Testicular Cancer in the Cisplatin Era: Causes of Death and Mortality Rates in a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Hellesnes Ragnhild , Myklebust Tor Åge , Fosså Sophie D. , Bremnes Roy M. , Karlsdottir Ása , Kvammen Øivind , Tandstad Torgrim , Wilsgaard Tom , Negaard Helene F. S. , Haugnes Hege S. 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE Using complete information regarding testicular cancer (TC) treatment burden, this study aimed to investigate cause-specific non-TC mortality with impact on previous treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT) or radiotherapy (RT). METHODS Overall, 5,707 men identified by the Cancer Registry of Norway diagnosed with TC from 1980 to 2009 were included in this population-based cohort study. By linking data with the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), absolute excess risks (AERs; [(observed number of deaths − expected number of deaths)/person-years of observation] ×10,000), and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. RESULTS Median follow-up was 18.7 years, during which non-TC death was registered for 665 (12%) men. Overall excess non-TC mortality was 23% (SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.33; AER, 11.14) compared with the general population, with increased risks after PBCT (SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43; AER, 7.68) and RT (SMR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.43; AER, 19.55). The highest non-TC mortality was observed in those < 20 years at TC diagnosis (SMR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.32 to 3.90; AER, 14.42). The most important cause of death was non-TC second cancer with an overall SMR of 1.53 (95% CI, 1.35 to 1.73; AER, 7.94), with increased risks after PBCT and RT. Overall noncancer mortality was increased by 15% (SMR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.27; AER, 4.71). Excess suicides appeared after PBCT (SMR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.69; AER, 1.39). Compared with surgery, increased non-TC mortality appeared after 3 (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.91 to 2.39), 4 (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.99), and more than four (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.25 to 3.35) cisplatin-based chemotherapy cycles after > 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION TC treatment with PBCT or RT is associated with a significant excess risk of non-TC mortality, and increased risks emerged after more than two cisplatin-based chemotherapy cycles after > 10 years of follow-up.
Pathophysiological Mechanisms That Alter the Autonomic Brain-Liver Communication in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Silva Anisia , Caron Alexandre 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The brain influences liver metabolism through many neuroendocrine and autonomic mechanisms that have evolved to protect the organism against starvation and hypoglycemia. Unfortunately, this effective way of preventing death has become dysregulated in modern obesogenic environments, although the pathophysiological mechanisms behind metabolic dyshomeostasis are still unclear. In this Mini-Review, we provide our thoughts regarding obesity and type 2 diabetes as diseases of the autonomic nervous system. We discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms that alter the autonomic brain-liver communication in these diseases, and how they could represent important targets to prevent or treat metabolic dysfunctions. We discuss how sympathetic hyperactivity to the liver may represent an early event in the progression of metabolic diseases and could progressively lead to hepatic neuropathy. We hope that this discussion will inspire and help to frame a model based on better understanding of the chronology of autonomic dysfunctions in the liver, enabling the application of the right strategy at the right time.
A mouse model displays host and bacterial strain differences in Aerococcus urinae urinary tract infection
Authors: Gilbert Nicole M. , Choi Brian , Du Jingjie , Collins Christina , Lewis Amanda L. , Putonti Catherine , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the clinical significance of Aerococcus urinae has been increasingly recognized. A. urinae has been implicated in cases of urinary tract infection (UTI; acute cystitis and pyelonephritis) in both male and female patients, ranging from children to older adults. Aerococcus urinae can also be invasive, causing urosepsis, endocarditis, and musculoskeletal infections. Mechanisms of pathogenesis in A. urinae infections are poorly understood, largely due to the lack of an animal model system. In response to this gap, we developed a model of A. urinae urinary tract infection in mice. We compared A. urinae UTI in female C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice and compared four clinical isolates of A. urinae isolated from patients with UTI, urgency urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder. Our data demonstrate that host genetic background modulates A. urinae UTI. Female C57BL/6 female mice rapidly cleared the infection. Female C3H/HeN mice, which have inherent vesicoureteral reflux that flushes urine from the bladder up into the kidneys, were susceptible to prolonged bacteriuria. This result is consistent with the fact that A. urinae infections most frequently occur in patients with underlying urinary tract abnormalities or disorders that make them susceptible to bacterial infection. Unlike uropathogens such as E. coli, which cause infection and inflammation both of the bladder and kidneys in C3H/HeN mice, A. urinae displayed tropism for the kidney, persisting in kidney tissue even after clearance of bacteria from the bladder. Aerococcus urinae strains from different genetic clades displayed varying propensities to cause persistent kidney infection. Aerococcus urinae infected kidneys displayed histological inflammation, neutrophil recruitment and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results set the stage for future research that interrogates host-pathogen interactions between A. urinae and the urinary tract.
SUMOylation of RepoMan during late telophase regulates dephosphorylation of lamin A
Authors: Moriuchi Takanobu , Hirose Fumiko 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Dephosphorylation of lamin A, which triggers nuclear lamina reconstitution, is crucial for the completion of mitosis. However, the specific phosphatase and regulatory mechanism that allow timely lamin A dephosphorylation remain unclear. Here, we report that RepoMan (also known as CDCA2), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ) is transiently modified with SUMO-2 at K762 during late telophase. SUMOylation of RepoMan markedly enhanced its binding affinity with lamin A. Moreover, SUMOylated RepoMan contributes to lamin A recruitment to telophase chromosomes and dephosphorylation of the mitotic lamin A phosphorylation. Expression of a SUMO-2 mutant that has a defective interaction with the SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) resulted in failure of the lamin A and RepoMan association, along with abrogation of lamin A dephosphorylation and subsequent nuclear lamina formation. These findings strongly suggest that RepoMan recruits lamin A through SUMO–SIM interaction. Thus, transient SUMOylation of RepoMan plays an important role in the spatiotemporal regulation of lamin A dephosphorylation and the subsequent nuclear lamina formation at the end of mitosis.
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Endometrial Cancer after Supracervical Hysterectomy
Authors: Bizzarri Nicolò , Rosati Andrea , Scambia Giovanni , Fanfani Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Occult endometrial cancer after supracervical hysterectomy is uncommon. Even if optimal management of those rare cases is still unproven, to guide the need for adjuvant treatment, restaging should be recommended in this situation.

Methods
The study was approved by institutional review board (DIPUSVSP-27-07-20107). We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with occult grade 2 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (pT1a) with negative surgical margin and smooth uterine muscle of uncertain malignant potential after supracervical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed for pelvic pain and uterine fibroids in a local hospital. Preoperative CT scan of chest-abdomen-pelvis did not show any lymphadenopathy or distant metastasis. Pelvic US scan revealed a normal cervical stump and a hypoechoic 18-mm right parametrial nodule. We describe the feasibility of laparoscopic sentinel lymph node identification with cervical stump injection of indocyanine green.

Results
The patient underwent laparoscopic radical trachelectomy, left pelvic sentinel lymph node biopsy, right pelvic lymphadenectomy, peritoneal washing. Patient did not report any intraoperative or postoperative complication. At final histology cervix, SLN (ultrastaging) and pelvic lymph nodes were negative, while parametrial nodule was reported as metastasis from endometrial adenocarcinoma. Surgical margins were clear. Patient was staged as FIGO IIIB and underwent adjuvant chemo-radiation. She is now alive and disease-free, 12 months after the surgery.

Conclusions
This video (Video 1) underlines the fact that SLN mapping with cervical injection is a feasible and safe technique also without the uterine corpus after supracervical hysterectomy. The unilateral mapping could be due to the presence of metastatic parametrium on the right side.
Interplay between COVID-19 vaccines and social measures for ending the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Young Glenn , Xiao Pengcheng , Newcomb Ken , Michael Edwin 
Published: August 2021

Background: The development and authorization of COVID-19 vaccines has provided the clearest path forward to eliminate community spread and thus end the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, the limited pace at which the vaccine can be administered motivates the question, to what extent must we continue to adhere to social intervention measures such as mask wearing and social distancing? Methods: We develop a mathematical model of COVID-19 spread incorporating both vaccine dynamics and socio-epidemiological parameters. We use this model to study two important measures of disease control and eradication, the effective reproductive number Rt and the peak intensive care unit (ICU) caseload, over three key parameters: social measure adherence, vaccination rate, and vaccination coverage. Results: Our results suggest that, due to the slow pace of vaccine administration, social measures must be maintained by a large proportion of the population until a sufficient proportion of the population becomes vaccinated for the pandemic to be eradicated. By contrast, with reduced adherence to social measures, hospital ICU cases will greatly exceed capacity, resulting in increased avoidable loss of life. We then investigate the threat of localized outbreaks in low-vaccinated populations that have removed all social intervention mandates, and show that such populations could remain highly susceptible to major outbreaks particularly in the face of more easily transmissible variants. Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex interplay involved between vaccination and social protective measures, and indicate the practical importance of continuing with extant social measures while vaccines are scaled up to allow the development of the herd immunity needed to end or control SARS-CoV-2 sustainably.
Panoramic reconstruction of quasi-cylindrical objects with digital holography and a conical mirror
Authors: León-Rodríguez Miguel , Rayas Juan A. , Martínez-García Amalia , Martínez-González Adrián , Téllez-Quiñones Alejandro , Porras-Aguilar Rosario 
Published: August 2021

In this work, we present a panoramic digital holographic system for the first time capable of obtaining 3D information of a quasi-cylindrical object by using a conical mirror. The proposed panoramic digital holographic system is able to scan the entire surface of the object to determine the amplitude and phase simultaneously. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing quasi-cylindrical objects in a short time (0.5 s) with a single camera and a minimum number of optical components. In addition, it can be applied to determine not only topographic measurement of the cylindrical surface but also measurements of radial deformations. Experimental results are presented at different magnifications, thus illustrating its capabilities and versatility.
Highly efficient transparent quantum-dot light-emitting diodes based on inorganic double electron-transport layers
Authors: Zhang Nan , Qu Xiangwei , Lyu Quan , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: August 2021

Herein, we report the fabrication of high-performance transparent quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (Tr-QLEDs) with ZnO/ZnMgO inorganic double electron-transport layers (ETLs). The ETLs effectively suppress the excess electron injection and facilitate charge balance in the Tr-QLEDs. The thick ETLs as buffer layers can also withstand the plasma-induced damage during the indium tin oxide sputtering. These factors collectively contribute to the development of Tr-QLEDs with improved performance. As a result, our Tr-QLEDs with double ETLs exhibited a high transmittance of 82% at 550 nm and a record external quantum efficiency of 11.8%, which is 1.27 times higher than that of the devices with pure ZnO ETL. These results indicate that the developed ZnO/ZnMgO inorganic double ETLs could offer promising solutions for realizing high-efficiency Tr-QLEDs for next-generation display devices.
Discrepancies between clinical diagnosis and hospital autopsy: A comparative retrospective analysis of 1,112 cases
Authors: Kurz Stephan D. , Sido Viyan , Herbst Hermann , Ulm Bernhard , Salkic Erma , Ruschinski Thomas M. , Buschmann Claas T. , Tsokos Michael 
Published: August 2021

Aims
The aim of this study was to compare discrepancies between diagnosed and autopsied causes of death in 1,112 hospital autopsies and to determine the factors causing this discrepancies.

Methods
1,112 hospital autopsies between 2010 and 2013 were retrospectively studied. Ante-mortem diagnoses were compared to causes of death as determined by autopsy. Clinical diagnoses were extracted from the autopsy request form, and post-mortem diagnoses were assessed from respective autopsy reports. Variables, such as sex, age, Body Mass Index, category of disease, duration of hospital stay and new-borns were studied in comparison to discrepancy. P-values were derived from the Mann-Whitney U test for the constant features and chi-2 test, p-values < 0,05 were considered significant.

Results
73.9% (n = 822) patients showed no discrepancy between autopsy and clinical diagnosis. The duration of hospitalisation (6 vs. 9 days) and diseases of the cardiovascular system (61.7%) had a significant impact on discrepancies.

Conclusion
Age, cardiovascular diseases and duration of hospital stay significantly affect discrepancies in ante- and post-mortem diagnoses.
Individual stress response patterns: Preliminary findings and possible implications
Authors: Jacoby Rebecca , Greenfeld Barsky Keren , Porat Tal , Harel Stav , Hanalis Miller Tsipi , Goldzweig Gil 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundResearch on stress occupied a central position during the 20thcentury. As it became evident that stress responses affect a wide range of negative outcomes, various stress management techniques were developed in attempt to reduce the damages. However, the existing interventions are applied for a range of different stress responses, sometimes unsuccessfully.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether there are specific clusters of stress responses representing interpersonal variation. In other words, do people have dominant clusters reflecting the different aspects of the known stress responses (physiological, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive)?MethodsThe researchers derived a measure of stress responses based on previous scales and used it in two studies in order to examine the hypothesis that stress responses can be grouped into dominant patterns according to the type of response.ResultsThe results of Study 1 revealed four distinctive response categories: psychological (emotional and cognitive), physiological gastro, physiological muscular, and behavioral. The results of Study 2 revealed five distinctive response categories: emotional, cognitive, physiological gastro, physiological muscular, and behavioral.ConclusionBy taking into consideration each person’s stress response profile while planning stress management interventions and then offering them a tailored intervention that reduces the intensity of these responses, it might be possible to prevent further complications resulting in a disease (physical or mental).