bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A process evaluation of the Mind Your Back trial examining psychologically informed physical treatments for chronic low back pain
Authors: Petrozzi M. John , Spencer Grace , Mackey Martin G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn chronic conditions, such as back pain, the use of interventions that address physical, social and psychological aspects within a biopsychosocial framework are encouraged, however, applying this holistic multimodal approach in physical therapy practice (i.e., chiropractic and physiotherapy) is challenging. To explore the problem of delivering a biopsychosocially informed package of care in physical therapy practice a recent randomised control trial (RCT) called ‘Mind Your Back’ was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined physical and internet-delivered psychological intervention (psychologically informed physical treatments) compared to standard treatment for improving disability and self-efficacy in people with chronic LBP. The results of the trial indicated no difference between the two intervention groups. Although high-quality RCTs are considered gold standard for effectiveness of interventions, qualitative research methods embedded within a process evaluation framework are also used to reveal other issues and important information that help to explain clinical trial results, and to further the field of digital health interventions research. Therefore, within a process evaluation framework, the aim is to explore participants experiences of the interventions received throughout the Mind Your Back trial which led to a null result.MethodsIn-line with recommendations for a process evaluation this study used in-depth interviews and qualitative thematic analysis with participants of both arms of the trial 5–6 months after study completion. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with twenty-five participants to explore their experiences of taking part in the Mind Your Back trial. Interviews were conducted in November 2017, transcribed verbatim and data analysed thematically.ResultsTwo main themes were identified: (1) Personalised support and therapeutic alliance are important, and (2) MoodGYM lacked relevant, personalised and tailored support.ConclusionIt is important to deliver tailored digital health supports that is personalised and fosters a therapeutic alliance.
Influence of miR-221/222 on cardiomyocyte calcium handling and function
Authors: Knyrim Maria , Rabe Sindy , Grossmann Claudia , Gekle Michael , Schreier Barbara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac electrical remodeling including altered ion channel expression and imbalance of calcium homeostasis can have detrimental effects on cardiac function. While it has been extensively reported that miR-221/222 are involved in structural remodeling, their role in electrical remodeling still has to be evaluated. We previously reported that subunits of the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) are direct targets of miR-221/222. Furthermore, HL-1 cells transfected with miR-221 or -222 mimics showed a reduction in LTCC current density while the voltage-dependence of activation was not altered. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of miR-221/222 on cardiomyocyte calcium handling and function.

Results
Transient transfection of HL-1 cells with miR-221/222 mimics led to slower depolarization-dependent Ca2+ entry and increased proportion of non-responding cells. Angiotensin II-induced Ca2+ release from the SR was not affected by miR-221/222. In miR-222-transfected neonatal cardiomyocytes the isoprenaline-induced positive inotropic effect on the intracellular Ca2+ transient was lost and the positive chronotropic effect on spontaneous beating activity was strongly reduced. This could have severe consequences for cardiomyocytes and could lead to a reduced contractility and systolic dysfunction of the whole heart.

Conclusions
This study adds a new role of miR-221/222 in cardiomyocytes by showing the impact on β-adrenergic regulation of LTCC function, calcium handling and beating frequency. Together with the previous report that miR-221/222 reduce GIRK1/4 function and LTCC current density, it expands our knowledge about the role of these miRs on cardiac ion channel regulation.
Technology wish lists and the significance of temperature-sensing wildlife telemetry
Authors: Weaver Savannah J. , Westphal Michael F. , Taylor Emily N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTelemetry has revolutionized studies in wildlife biology, ecology, physiology, and conservation. With the increased demand for telemetry, new technology has made great strides to enable long studies in harsh and remote areas on a wide variety of study species. As the climate crisis continues to impact animals, temperature-sensing telemetry has become a helpful technique for understanding the effects of climate change and how to protect wildlife from them. However, temperature-sensing telemetry and telemetry in general still pose technological challenges and accessibility issues for the researchers who use it. Currently available telemetry technology is expensive, too large and heavy for many study species, and cannot measure all variables researchers want to study. These technological improvements have especially been neglected for temperature-sensing telemetry, which may be underutilized given the current climate crisis. To understand why innovation has stalled, and where it should be directed going forward, we gathered opinions from researchers who use telemetry and from manufacturers that create and supply telemetry equipment. Our goal was to broadly describe the current technological landscape, compare it to what we envision for the future, and make suggestions for how to reach that future.
A novel feature extraction method based on highly expressed SNPs for tissue-specific gene prediction
Authors: Dhaliwal Jasbir , Wagner John 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Gene expression provides a means for an organism to produce gene products necessary for the organism to live. Variation in the significant gene expression levels can distinguish the gene and the tissue in which the gene is expressed. Tissue-specific gene expression, often determined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), provides potential molecular markers or therapeutic targets for disease progression. Therefore, SNPs are good candidates for identifying disease progression. The current bioinformatics literature uses gene network modeling to summarize complex interactions between transcription factors, genes, and gene products. Here, our focus is on the SNPs’ impact on tissue-specific gene expression levels. To the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of any studies that distinguish tissue-specific genes using SNP expression levels.

Method
We propose a novel feature extraction method based on highly expressed SNPs using k-mers as features. We also propose optimal k-mer and feature sizes used in our approach. Determining the optimal sizes is still an open research question as it depends on the dataset and purpose of the analysis. Therefore, we evaluate our algorithm’s performance on a range of k-mer and feature sizes using a multinomial naive Bayes (MNB) classifier on genes in the 49 human tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) portal.

Conclusions
Our approach achieves practical performance results with k-mers of size 3. Based on the purpose of the analysis and the number of tissue-specific genes under study, feature sizes [7, 8, 9] and [8, 9, 10] are typically optimal for the machine learning model.
Developing an intervention to optimise the outcome of cardiac surgery in people with diabetes: the OCTOPuS pilot study
Authors: Holt Richard I. G. , Barnard-Kelly Katharine , Dritsakis Giorgos , Thorne Kerensa I. , Cohen Lauren , Dixon Elizabeth , Patel Mayank , Newland-Jones Philip , Partridge Helen , Luthra Suvitesh , Ohri Sunil , Salhiyyah Kareem , Picot Jo , Niven John , Cook Andrew ,   on behalf of the OCTOPuS study group, Velissaris Theodore , Johnson Paula , Trodden Rita , Green Mark , Rojkova Jana , Sass Thea , Stanley Jo , Collier Alexandra , Renz Susi , Boxall Jess , Northey Josh , Stanton Louise , Whitehead Amy , Dhatariya Ketan , Stanisstreet Debbie , Baig Kamran , Voysey Merryn , Drinkwater Donna , Lord Joanne , Shepherd Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Cardiothoracic surgical outcomes are poorer in people with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. There are two important uncertainties in the management of people with diabetes undergoing major surgery: (1) how to improve diabetes management in the weeks leading up to an elective procedure and (2) whether that improved management leads to improved postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and pilot a specialist diabetes team-led intervention to improve surgical outcomes in people with diabetes.

Design
Open pilot feasibility study

Setting
Diabetes and cardiothoracic surgery departments, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

Participants
Seventeen people with diabetes undergoing cardiothoracic surgery

Intervention
Following two rapid literature reviews, a prototype intervention was developed based on a previously used nurse-led outpatient intervention and tested.

Primary outcome
Feasibility and acceptability of delivering the intervention

Secondary outcomes
Biomedical data were collected at baseline and prior to surgery. We assessed how the intervention was used. In depth qualitative interviews with participants and healthcare professionals were used to explore perceptions and experiences of the intervention and how it might be improved.

Results
Thirteen of the 17 people recruited completed the study and underwent cardiothoracic surgery. All components of the OCTOPuS intervention were used, but not all parts were used for all participants. Minor changes were made to the intervention as a result of feedback from the participants and healthcare professionals. Median (IQR) HbA1c was 10 mmol/mol (3, 13) lower prior to surgery than at baseline.

Conclusion
This study has shown that it is possible to develop a clinical pathway to improve diabetes management prior to admission. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of this intervention will now be tested in a multicentre randomised controlled trial in cardiothoracic centres across the UK.

Trial registration
ISRCTN; ISRCTN10170306. Registered 10 May 2018.
Activation of Orexinergic Neurons Inhibits the Anesthetic Effect of Desflurane on Consciousness State via Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus in Rats
Authors: Zhao Shiyi , Wang Sa , Li Huiming , Guo Juan , Li Jiannan , Wang Dan , Zhang Xinxin , Yin Lu , Li Rui , Li Ao , Li Huihui , Fan Ze , Yang Qianzi , Zhong Haixing , Dong Hailong 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
Orexin, a neuropeptide derived from the perifornical area of the hypothalamus (PeFLH), promotes the recovery of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane anesthesias, without influencing the induction time. However, whether the orexinergic system also plays a similar role in desflurane anesthesia, which is widely applied in clinical practice owing to its most rapid onset and offset time among all volatile anesthetics, has not yet been studied. In the present study, we explored the effect of the orexinergic system on the consciousness state induced by desflurane anesthesia.

METHODS:
The c-Fos staining was used to observe the activity changes of orexinergic neurons in the PeFLH and their efferent projection regions under desflurane anesthesia. Chemogenetic and optogenetic techniques were applied to compare the effect of PeFLH orexinergic neurons on the induction, emergence, and maintenance states between desflurane and isoflurane anesthesias. Orexinergic terminals in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) were manipulated with pharmacologic, chemogenetic, and optogenetic techniques to assess the effect of orexinergic circuitry on desflurane anesthesia.

RESULTS:
Desflurane anesthesia inhibited the activity of orexinergic neurons in the PeFLH, as well as the neuronal activity in PVT, basal forebrain, dorsal raphe nucleus, and ventral tegmental area, as demonstrated by c-Fos staining. Activation of PeFLH orexinergic neurons prolonged the induction time and accelerated emergence from desflurane anesthesia but only influenced the emergence in isoflurane anesthesia, as demonstrated by chemogenetic and pharmacologic techniques. Meanwhile, optical activation of orexinergic neurons exhibited a long-lasting inhibitory effect on burst-suppression ratio (BSR) under desflurane anesthesia, and the effect may be contributed by the orexinergic PeFLH-PVT circuitry. The orexin-2 receptor (OX2R), but not orexin-1 receptor (OX1R), in the PVT, which had been inhibited most significantly by desflurane, mediated the proemergence effect of desflurane anesthesia.

CONCLUSIONS:
We discovered, for the first time, that orexinergic neurons in the PeFLH could not only influence the maintenance and emergence from isoflurane and desflurane anesthesias but also affect the induction under desflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, this specific effect is probably mediated by orexinergic PeFLH-PVT circuitry, especially OX2Rs in the PVT.
Development, Validation, and Results of a Survey of Personal Electronic Device Use Among 299 Anesthesia Providers From a Single Institution
Authors: Porter Steven B. , Renew J. Ross , Paredes Stephania , Roscher Christopher R. , Plevak Matthew F. , Yost Kathleen J. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
The pattern of perioperative use of personal electronic devices (PEDs) among anesthesia providers in the United States is unknown.

METHODS:
We developed a 31-question anonymous survey of perioperative PED use that was sent to 813 anesthesiologists, anesthesiology residents, and certified registered nurse anesthetists at 3 sites within one health system. The electronic survey assessed patterns of PED use inside the operating room (OR), outside the OR, and observed in others. Questions were designed to explore the various purposes for PED use, the potential impact of specific hospital policies or awareness of medicolegal risk on PED use, and whether PED was a source of perioperative distraction.

RESULTS:
The overall survey response rate was 36.8% (n = 299). With regard to often/frequent PED activity inside the OR, 24% reported texting, 5% reported talking on the phone, and 11% reported browsing on the Internet. With regard to often/frequent PED activity outside the OR, 88% reported texting, 26% reported talking on the phone, and 63% reported browsing the Internet. With regard to often/frequent PED activity observed in others, 52% reported others texting, 14% reported others talking on the phone, and 34% reported others browsing the Internet. Two percent of respondents self-reported a distraction compared to 15% who had observed a distraction in others. Eighty percent of respondents recognized PED as a potential distraction for patient safety.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data reinforce that PED use is prevalent among anesthesia providers.
Predictive and Preventive Potential of Preoperative Gut Microbiota in Chronic Postoperative Pain in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Yao Zhi-Wen , Yang Xiao , Zhao Bing-Cheng , Deng Fan , Jiang Yu-Mei , Pan Wan-Ying , Chen Xiao-Dong , Zhou Bo-Wei , Zhang Wen-Juan , Hu Jing-Juan , Zhu Lin , Liu Ke-Xuan 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
Evidence suggests a potential relationship between gut microbiota and chronic postoperative pain (CPP). This study aimed to explore the predictive and preventive potential of preoperative gut microbiota in CPP in breast cancer survivors.

METHODS:
In the clinical experiments, we designed a nested case-control study to compared preoperative gut microbiota of breast cancer survivors with and without CPP using 16s rRNA sequencing. The primary outcome was clinically meaningful pain in or around the operative area 3 months after surgery. Logistic prediction models based on previously identified risk factors for CPP in breast cancer survivors were tested with and without differential bacteria to evaluate the model’s potential for improvement with the addition of gut microbiota information. In the animal experiments, preoperative fecal microbiota was transplanted from patients with and without CPP to mice, and a spared nerve injury (SNI) model was used to mimic neuropathic pain in CPP. Mechanical hyperalgesia and the expression of markers of spinal microglia and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were assessed.

RESULTS:
Sixty-six CPP patients and 66 matched controls were analyzed. Preoperative gut microbiota composition was significantly different in the 2 groups at phylus, family, and genera levels. The discrimination of the clinical prediction model (determined by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) improved by 0.039 and 0.099 after the involvement of differential gut microbiota at the family and genus levels, respectively. After fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), “CPP microbiota” recipient mice exhibited significantly increased mechanical hyperalgesia and decreased expression of Ppar-γ and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in the spinal cord.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative gut microbiota has the potential to predict and prevent the development of CPP and plays a causal role in its development via the PPAR-γ-microglia pathway in the spinal cord. Thus, it could be targeted to develop a prevention strategy for CPP in breast cancer survivors.
Copper-mediated Regioselective C–H Cyanation of Phenols with Assistance of Bipyridine-type Bidentate Auxiliary
Authors: Kajiwara Rikuo , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A Cu-mediated ortho-selective C–H cyanation of phenols with ethyl cyanoformate as the cyano source has been developed. The key to success is the introduction of 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine (dtbpy) bidentate auxiliary on the phenol oxygen, which is easily attachable, detachable, and recyclable. The newly developed protocol is tolerant of several carbonyl functional groups, which are incompatible with previous Lewis-acid-promoted cyanation of phenols.
Knowledge of infection prevention and control practices among health care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elsebaie Eman H , Salem Amany A , Sedrak Amal S , Ayad Ahmed , Ahmed Sahar A , El Razik Bassante A , Elsaid Noha M Abu bakr 
Published: August 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is increasing rapidly. Hospital acquired infections enhance local outbreaks, impacting the vulnerable populations. Infection prevention and control practices (IPC) refer to all the activities used to reduce the risk of infection spread. This study aims to estimate the proportion of health care workers (HCWs) who acquired SARS-CoV2 infection, and evaluate their knowledge to IPC and suggest recommendations to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Egypt from June 8, 2020, till August 19, 2020. A purposive sample of 518 HCWs from different governorates was included in the study. HCWs filled a structured questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization on a Google Form and a printed copy. The questionnaire link was shared on social media forums including HCWs such as Facebook. Results: The mean age of HCWs was 33±7 and 65% were males. The majority of health care workers were affiliated with the Ministry of Health and Population (62.5%), recruited from Cairo (52.4%), and were physicians (78.2%). About 11% of the HCWs had been infected with SARS-CoV2. Their mean knowledge percent score regarding IPC was 36.19 ± 11.26. The highest rate of infection was among those with little experience (p=0.002), and those worked inside Cairo (p=0.018). About 89% mentioned that the leading cause of infection with SARS-CoV2 was the shortage in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). About 42% recommended raising the awareness for the importance of IPC to decrease risk of infection. Conclusions: HCWs had a low score of knowledge toward IPC. There was a considerable proportion of SARS-CoV2 infection among them. Lack of knowledge and shortage of PPE were the contributing factors. It is necessary to provide juniors with IPC training, and hospitals with sufficient PPE.
A better approach to discuss medical science and engineering data with a modified Lehmann Type – II model
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zafar , Arshad Muhammad Zeshan , Özel Gamze , Balogun Oluwafemi Samson 
Published: August 2021

Background: Modeling with the complex random phenomena that are frequently observed in reliability engineering, hydrology, ecology, medical science, and agricultural sciences was once thought to be an enigma. Scientists and practitioners agree that an appropriate but simple model is the best choice for this investigation. To address these issues, scientists have previously discussed a variety of bounded and unbounded, simple to complex lifetime models. Methods: We discussed a modified Lehmann type II (ML-II) model as a better approach to modeling bathtub-shaped and asymmetric random phenomena. A number of complementary mathematical and reliability measures were developed and discussed. Furthermore, explicit expressions for the moments, quantile function, and order statistics were developed. Then, we discussed the various shapes of the density and reliability functions over various model parameter choices. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method was used to estimate the unknown model parameters, and a simulation study was carried out to evaluate the MLEs' asymptotic behavior. Results: We demonstrated ML- II's dominance over well-known competitors by modeling anxiety in women and electronic data.
Identification of microbial agents in tissue specimens of ocular and periocular sarcoidosis using a metagenomics approach
Authors: Shifera Amde Selassie , Pockrandt Christopher , Rincon Natalia , Ge Yuchen , Lu Jennifer , Varabyou Ales , Jedlicka Anne E. , Sun Karen , Scott Alan L. , Eberhart Charles , Thorne Jennifer E. , Salzberg Steven L. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Metagenomic sequencing has the potential to identify a wide range of pathogens in human tissue samples. Sarcoidosis is a complex disorder whose etiology remains unknown and for which a variety of infectious causes have been hypothesized. We sought to conduct metagenomic sequencing on cases of ocular and periocular sarcoidosis, none of them with previously identified infectious causes. Methods: Archival tissue specimens of 16 subjects with biopsies of ocular and periocular tissues that were positive for non-caseating granulomas were used as cases. Four archival tissue specimens that did not demonstrate non-caseating granulomas were also included as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissue sections. DNA libraries were generated from the extracted genomic DNA and the libraries underwent next-generation sequencing. Results: We generated between 4.8 and 20.7 million reads for each of the 16 cases plus four control samples. For eight of the cases, we identified microbial pathogens that were present well above the background, with one potential pathogen identified for seven of the cases and two possible pathogens for one of the cases. Five of the eight cases were associated with bacteria (Campylobacter concisus, Neisseria elongata, Streptococcus salivarius, Pseudopropionibacterium propionicum, and Paracoccus yeei), two cases with fungi (Exophiala oligosperma, Lomentospora prolificans and Aspergillus versicolor) and one case with a virus (Mupapillomavirus 1). Interestingly, four of the five bacterial species are also part of the human oral microbiome. Conclusions: Using a metagenomic sequencing we identified possible infectious causes in half of the ocular and periocular sarcoidosis cases analyzed. Our findings support the proposition that sarcoidosis could be an etiologically heterogenous disease. Because these are previously banked samples, direct follow-up in the respective patients is impossible, but these results suggest that sequencing may be a valuable tool in better understanding the etiopathogenesis of sarcoidosis and in diagnosing and treating this disease.