bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender moderates the association between acute alcohol intoxication and facial emotion recognition in a naturalistic field study setting
Authors: Melkonian Alexander , Ham Lindsay , Mobley Alita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol intoxication is associated with significant negative social consequences. Social information processing theory provides a framework for understanding how the accurate decoding and interpretation of social cues are critical for effective social responding. Acute intoxication has the potential to disrupt facial emotion recognition. If alcohol impairs the processing and interpretation of emotional cues, then the resultant behavioral responses may be less effective. The current study tested the association between alcohol intoxication and facial emotion recognition in a naturalistic field study of intoxicated participants.Methods114 participants (59.4% men; Mage = 24.2 years) who had been consuming alcohol were recruited in the downtown area of a mid‐size town surrounded by several drinking establishments in the mid‐southern United States. Participants were shown images depicting 5 facial displays of emotions (happy, sad, anger, disgust, and no emotion) portrayed by 1 male and 1 female actor per emotion and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) was measured by the field breathalyzer test (M = 0.078%, SD = 0.052).ResultsBrAC was significantly negatively associated with emotion recognition accuracy when controlling for average alcohol use, B = −.35, t = −2.08, p < 0.05, F(3, 110) = 5.28, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.13. A significant BrAC × gender interaction was revealed, B = −0.39, t = −2.07, p = 0.04, ΔR2 = 0.033, p = 0.04, such that men (but not women) displayed a significant negative association between BrAC and emotion recognition accuracy.ConclusionsAcute intoxication was associated with impaired facial emotion recognition, particularly for men, in a field study context. Findings support and extend some previous experimental laboratory‐based research and suggest that intoxication can impair the decoding stage of social information processing.
Addiction Research Unit: Affective and cognitive mechanisms of specific Internet‐use disorders
Authors: Brand Matthias , Müller Astrid , Stark Rudolf , Steins‐Loeber Sabine , Klucken Tim , Montag Christian , Diers Martin , Wolf Oliver T. , Rumpf Hans‐Jürgen , Wölfling Klaus , Wegmann Elisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the eleventh International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) of the World Health Organization, gambling disorder and gaming disorder are included in the category ‘disorders due to addictive behaviours’, which can be specified further as occurring either predominantly offline or predominantly online. Other specific problematic behaviours may be considered for the category ‘other specified disorders due to addictive behaviours’. The Research Unit FOR 2974, funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), focuses on the most prominent online addictive behaviours: gaming, pornography use, buying‐shopping and social‐networks use. The main goal of the Research Unit is to contribute to a better understanding of the common and differential psychological as well as neurobiological mechanisms involved in these specific types of Internet‐use disorders. We aim to investigate theoretically argued (bio)psychological processes with a focus on concepts coming from research of substance‐use disorders, for example, cue reactivity and craving, executive functions and specific inhibitory control, coping, implicit cognitions, and decision making. One central characteristic of the Research Unit is that we will investigate all participants using a comprehensive core battery of experimental paradigms, neuropsychological tasks, questionnaires, biomarkers, ambulatory assessment, and a 6‐month follow‐up survey. Beyond the anticipated contributions to the scientific understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of respective online addictive behaviours, we also expect contributions to clinical practice by showing which affective and cognitive mechanisms may be addressed more intensively to optimize treatment.
Self‐reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour amongst adolescents in Sweden vary depending on sex, age and parental education
Authors: Fröberg Andreas , Kjellenberg Karin , Lindroos Anna Karin , Nyberg Gisela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate self‐reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour by sex, age and parental education in a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents.MethodsThis study is based on data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents, which was conducted by the Swedish Food Agency in 2016–2017. In total, 3477 students from grade five (11–12 years), eight (14–15 years) and eleven (17–18 years) were included. A web questionnaire was used to collect information about physical activity and sedentary behaviour.ResultsIn total, 53% reported active transport to and from school, 93% that they usually participate in the physical education, 76% reported a physically active leisure time, and 66% reported that they participated in organised physical activities. In addition, 12% and 6% reported two hours or less of screen time on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Participation in physical activity was generally lower amongst girls, older adolescents and for those from families with low‐parental education.ConclusionThis study provide reference values for self‐reported physical activities and sedentary behaviours amongst adolescents in Sweden. Strategies to increase physical activity and reduce screen time are needed, particularly amongst girls, older adolescents and amongst those with low‐parental education.
Effects of a transitional care programme on medication adherence in an older cardiac population: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Daliri Sara , Kooij Marcel J. , Scholte op Reimer Wilma J. M. , ter Riet Gerben , Jepma Patricia , Verweij Lotte , Peters Ron J. G. , Buurman Bianca M. , Karapinar‐Çarkit Fatma 
Published: August 2021

AimsMedication non‐adherence post‐discharge is common among patients, especially those suffering from chronic medical conditions, and contributes to hospital admissions and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Cardiac Care Bridge (CCB) intervention on medication adherence post‐discharge.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of the CCB randomized single‐blind trial, a study in patients ≥70 years, at high risk of functional loss and admitted to cardiology departments in six hospitals. In this multi‐component intervention study, community nurses performed medication reconciliation and observed medication‐related problems (MRPs) during post‐discharge home visits, and pharmacists provided recommendations to resolve MRPs. Adherence to high‐risk medications was measured using the proportion of days covered (PDC), using pharmacy refill data. Furthermore, MRPs were assessed in the intervention group.ResultsFor 198 (64.7%) of 306 CCB patients, data were available on adherence (mean age: 82 years; 58.9% of patients used a multidose drug dispensing [MDD] system). The mean PDC before admission was 92.3% in the intervention group (n = 99) and 88.5% in the control group (n = 99), decreasing to 85.2% and 84.1% post‐discharge, respectively (unadjusted difference: −2.6% (95% CI −9.8 to 4.6, P = .473); adjusted difference −3.3 (95% CI −10.3 to 3.7, P = .353)). Post‐hoc analysis indicated that a modest beneficial intervention effect may be restricted to MDD non‐users (Pinteraction = .085). In total, 77.0% of the patients had at least one MRP post‐discharge.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that a multi‐component intervention, including several components targeting medication adherence in older cardiac patients discharged from hospital back home, did not benefit their medication adherence levels. A modest positive effect on adherence may potentially exist in those patients not using an MDD system. This finding needs replication.
Neonatal NaV1.5 channels: pharmacological distinctiveness of a cancer‐related voltage‐gated sodium channel splice variant
Authors: Fraser Scott P. , Onkal Rustem , Theys Margaux , Bosmans Frank , Djamgoz Mustafa B. A. 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeVoltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channels are expressed de novo in carcinomas where their activity promotes invasiveness. Breast and colon cancer cells express the neonatal splice variant of NaV1.5 (nNaV1.5), which has several amino acid substitutions in the domain I voltage‐sensor compared with its adult counterpart (aNaV1.5). This study aimed to determine whether nNaV1.5 channels could be distinguished pharmacologically from aNaV1.5 channels.Experimental ApproachCells expressing either nNaV1.5 or aNaV1.5 channels were exposed to low MW inhibitors, an antibody or natural toxins, and changes in electrophysiological parameters were measured. Stable expression in EBNA cells and transient expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes were used. Currents were recorded by whole‐cell patch clamp and two‐electrode voltage‐clamp, respectively.Key ResultsSeveral clinically used blockers of NaV channels (lidocaine, procaine, phenytoin, mexiletine, ranolazine, and riluzole) could not distinguish between nNaV1.5 or aNaV1.5 channels. However, two tarantula toxins (HaTx and ProTx‐II) and a polyclonal antibody (NESOpAb) preferentially inhibited currents elicited by either nNaV1.5 or aNaV1.5 channels by binding to the spliced region of the channel. Furthermore, the amino acid residue at position 211 (aspartate in aNaV1.5/lysine in nNaV1.5), that is, the charge reversal in the spliced region of the channel, played a key role in the selectivity, especially in antibody binding.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe conclude that the cancer‐related nNaV1.5 channel can be distinguished pharmacologically from its nearest neighbour, aNaV1.5 channels. Thus, it may be possible to design low MW compounds as antimetastatic drugs for non‐toxic therapy of nNaV1.5‐expressing carcinomas.
Children acknowledge physical constraints less when actors behave stereotypically: Gender stereotypes as a case study
Authors: Amemiya Jamie , Mortenson Elizabeth , Ahn Sohee , Walker Caren M. , Heyman Gail D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA fundamental part of understanding structural inequality is recognizing that constrained choices, particularly those that align with societal stereotypes, are poor indicators of a person's desires. This study examined whether children (N = 246 U.S. children, 53% female; 61% White, 24% Latinx; 5–10 years) acknowledge constraints in this way when reasoning about gender‐stereotypical choices, relative to gender‐neutral and gender‐counterstereotypical choices. Results indicated that children more frequently inferred preferences regardless of whether the actor was constrained when reasoning about gender‐stereotypical choices, as compared to gender‐neutral or gender‐counterstereotypical choices. We also found evidence of an age‐related increase in the general tendency to acknowledge constraints. We discuss the broader implications of these results for children's understanding of constraints within society.
In vivo wide‐field voltage imaging in zebrafish with voltage‐sensitive dye and genetically encoded voltage indicator
Authors: Hiyoshi Kanae , Shiraishi Asuka , Fukuda Narumi , Tsuda Sachiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe brain consists of neural circuits, which are assemblies of various neuron types. For understanding how the brain works, it is essential to identify the functions of each type of neuron and neuronal circuits. Recent advances in our understanding of brain function and its development have been achieved using light to detect neuronal activity. Optical measurement of membrane potentials through voltage imaging is a desirable approach, enabling fast, direct, and simultaneous detection of membrane potentials in a population of neurons. Its high speed and directness can help detect synaptic and action potentials and hyperpolarization, which encode critical information for brain function. Here, we describe in vivo voltage imaging procedures that we have recently established using zebrafish, a powerful animal model in developmental biology and neuroscience. By applying two types of voltage sensors, voltage‐sensitive dyes (VSDs, Di‐4‐ANEPPS) and genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs, ASAP1), spatiotemporal dynamics of voltage signals can be detected in the whole cerebellum and spinal cord in awake fish at single‐cell and neuronal population levels. Combining this method with other approaches, such as optogenetics, behavioral analysis, and electrophysiology would facilitate a deeper understanding of the network dynamics of the brain circuitry and its development.
Expression of nitric oxide synthases in rat odontoblasts and the role of nitric oxide in odontoblastic differentiation of rat dental papilla cells
Authors: Yan Tong , Kong Yu , Fan Wenguo , Kang Jun , Chen Haoling , He Hongwen , Huang Fang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs precursor cells of odontoblasts, dental papilla cells (DPCs) form the dentin–pulp complex during tooth development. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates the functions of multiple cells and organ tissues, including stem cell differentiation and bone formation. In this paper, we explored the involvement of NO in odontoblastic differentiation. We verified the expression of NO synthase (NOS) in rat odontoblasts by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate–diaphorase (NADPH‐d) staining and immunohistochemistry in vivo. The expression of all three NOS isoforms in rat DPCs was confirmed by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunofluorescence, and western blotting in vitro. The expression of neuronal NOS and endothelial NOS was upregulated during the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs. Inhibition of NOS function by NOS inhibitor l‐NG‐monomethyl arginine (L‐NMMA) resulted in reduced formation of mineralized nodules and expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein (DMP1) during DPC differentiation. The NO donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM) promoted the viability of DPCs. Extracellular matrix mineralization and odontogenic markers expression were elevated by SNAP at low concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) and suppressed at high concentration (100 μM). Blocking the generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with 1H‐(1,2,4)oxadiazolo‐(4,3‐a)quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ) abolished the positive influence of SNAP on the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs. These findings demonstrate that NO regulates the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs, thereby influencing dentin formation and tooth development.
Hydraulic prediction of drought‐induced plant dieback and top‐kill depends on leaf habit and growth form
Authors: Chen Ya‐Jun , Choat Brendan , Sterck Frank , Maenpuen Phisamai , Katabuchi Masatoshi , Zhang Shu‐Bin , Tomlinson Kyle W. , Oliveira Rafael S. , Zhang Yong‐Jiang , Shen Jing‐Xian , Cao Kun‐Fang , Jansen Steven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydraulic failure caused by severe drought contributes to aboveground dieback and whole‐plant death. The extent to which dieback or whole‐plant death can be predicted by plant hydraulic traits has rarely been tested among species with different leaf habits and/or growth forms. We investigated 19 hydraulic traits in 40 woody species in a tropical savanna and their potential correlations with drought response during an extreme drought event during the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in 2015. Plant hydraulic trait variation was partitioned substantially by leaf habit but not growth form along a trade‐off axis between traits that support drought tolerance versus avoidance. Semi‐deciduous species and shrubs had the highest branch dieback and top‐kill (complete aboveground death) among the leaf habits or growth forms. Dieback and top‐kill were well explained by combining hydraulic traits with leaf habit and growth form, suggesting integrating life history traits with hydraulic traits will yield better predictions.
Development of a validated search filter for Ovid Embase for degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Khan Maaz A. , Mowforth Oliver D. , Kuhn Isla , Kotter Mark R. N. , Davies Benjamin M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDegenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a recently proposed umbrella term for symptomatic cervical spinal cord compression secondary to degeneration of the spine. Currently literature searching for DCM is challenged by the inconsistent uptake of the term ‘DCM’ with many overlapping keywords and numerous synonyms.ObjectivesHere, we adapt our previous Ovid medline search filter for the Ovid embase database, to support comprehensive literature searching. Both embase and medline are recommended as a minimum for systematic reviews.MethodsReferences contained within embase identified in our prior study formed a ‘development gold standard’ reference database (N = 220). The search filter was adapted for embase and checked against the reference database. The filter was then validated against the ‘validation gold standard’.ResultsA direct translation was not possible, as medline indexing for DCM and the keywords search field were not available in embase. We also used the ‘focus’ function to improve precision. The resulting search filter has 100% sensitivity in testing.Discussion and ConclusionWe have developed a validated search filter capable of retrieving DCM references in embase with high sensitivity. In the absence of consistent terminology and indexing, this will support more efficient and robust evidence synthesis in the field.
A method for translating search strategies efficiently into HMIC and SPP
Authors: Finnegan Amy , Levay Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSmall databases, such as Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC) and Social Policy and Practice (SPP), can add value to systematic searches. Search strategies designed for large databases may not be appropriate in small sources. A different approach to translating strategies could ensure that small databases are searched efficiently.ObjectivesTo establish the contribution HMIC and SPP made to public health guidelines (PHGs); and to recommend an efficient method of translating search strategies.MethodsEight PHGs were analysed to establish how many included publications were retrieved from HMIC and SPP. Six options for translating strategies from MEDLINE, using variations of free text and subject terms, were compared.ResultsHealth Management Information Consortium contributed 15 and SPP eight of the 483 publications cited in the PHGs. The free‐text only search was the one option to miss an included publication. The heading word (with truncation) option was more precise than applying subject headings.DiscussionThere is a risk of missing relevant publications in free‐text only searches and it is preferable to include subject terms efficiently.ConclusionThe heading word (with truncation) option did not miss the evidence included in the PHGs and was the most efficient method for translating MEDLINE to HMIC and SPP.
Flow and performance effects of talc alternatives on powder cosmetic formulations
Authors: Ajayi Omolade M. , Amin Samiul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the performance effects of fumed silica and cornstarch as alternatives to talc in cosmetic powder formulations.MethodsFT4 Powder Rheometer from Freeman Technology was used to test the flowability and compressibility of compact powder formulation samples containing talc, fumed silica and cornstarch at varying concentrations. The colour of the samples is evaluated by physical observation.ResultsThe results show that the concentration of these additives influences the performance of cosmetic powder formulations. Improved compressibility is assessed as an increase in the compressibility percentage, while improved flowability is assessed by reduction in the flow energy of each sample. Talc shows improved compressibility at a minimum of 10% but would require more than 20% to impart improved flow performance. Fumed Silica shows improved compressibility from as low as 5% and this performance increases as the concentration is increased up to 20%. For the flow effects, fumed silica shows a reduction in the flow energy from as little as 5% and this effect is more drastic as the concentration is increased up to 20%. Cornstarch, however, shows a reverse effect for both compressibility and flowability with increasing flow energy and decreasing compressibility with increasing cornstarch concentration. It shows improved compressibility up to a maximum of 10% and improved flow only at concentrations lower than 5%. For a mixture of cornstarch and fumed silica at a total of 5%, both compressibility and flowability are increased as the concentration of cornstarch is reduced and that of fumed silica increased.ConclusionFumed silica and cornstarch are suitable as alternatives to talc in cosmetic powder formulations. Of the two, Fumed silica showed better compressibility and flow effects. However, a mix of both powders had suitable effects on the compressibility, flow and colour of the formulation.
Impact of theCOVID‐19 pandemic on elementary schoolers' physical activity, sleep, screen time and diet: A quasi‐experimental interrupted time series study
Authors: Burkart Sarah , Parker Hannah , Weaver R. Glenn , Beets Michael W. , Jones Alexis , Adams Elizabeth L. , Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Armstrong Bridget 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundCOVID‐19 school closures pose a threat to children's wellbeing, but no COVID‐19‐related studies have assessed children's behaviours over multiple years .ObjectiveTo examine children's obesogenic behaviours during spring and summer of the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to previous data collected from the same children during the same calendar period in the 2 years prior.MethodsPhysical activity and sleep data were collected via Fitbit Charge‐2 in 231 children (7–12 years) over 6 weeks during spring and summer over 3 years. Parents reported their child's screen time and dietary intake via a survey on 2–3 random days/week.ResultsChildren's behaviours worsened at a greater rate following the pandemic onset compared to pre‐pandemic trends. During pandemic spring, sedentary behaviour increased (+79 min; 95% CI = 60.6, 97.1) and MVPA decreased (−10 min, 95% CI = −18.2, −1.1) compared to change in previous springs (2018–2019). Sleep timing shifted later (+124 min; 95% CI = 112.9, 135.5). Screen time (+97 min, 95% CI = 79.0, 115.4) and dietary intake increased (healthy: +0.3 foods, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.5; unhealthy: +1.2 foods, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.5). Similar patterns were observed during summer.ConclusionsCompared to pre‐pandemic measures, children's PA, sedentary behaviour, sleep, screen time, and diet were adversely altered during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This may ultimately exacerbate childhood obesity.