bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Carnitine Levels and Breast Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Wu Gang , Zhu Hailong , Yang Fengyuan , Yang Shuman , Vuong Ann M , Li Jincheng , Zhu Demiao , Tao Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The existing epidemiologic studies on the association between carnitine and breast cancer development are scarce. This study examined the association between circulating carnitine levels and breast cancer in females.Methods: This 1:1 age-matched case-control study identified 991 female breast cancer cases and 991 female controls without breast cancer. All cases and controls were confirmed with a pathological test. We measured 16 types of whole blood carnitine levels, such as free carnitine (C0) and octadecanoylcarnitine (C18), using targeted metabolomic technology. Results: The average age for cases and controls were 50.0 years (SD: 8.7 years) and 49.5 years (SD: 8.7 years), respectively. After adjusting for covariates, each SD increase in malonylcarnitine (C3DC; OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-1.00), decenoylcarnitine (C10:1; OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.96) and decadienoylcarnitine (C10:2; OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.99) level was associated with decreased odds of breast cancer. However, higher butyrylcarnitine (C4) levels were associated with increased risk of breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.23). We observed no relationship between other carnitines with breast cancer. The false discovery rates for C3DC, C4, C10:1 and C10:2 were 0.172, 0.120, 0.064 and 0.139, respectively. Conclusions: Higher levels of C3DC, C10:1, and C10:2 were protective factors for breast cancer, whereas increased C4 levels were a risk factor for breast cancer.
Mondor's Disease of Chest Wall: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Kai , Xu Jiannan , Wu Yonghui , Wu Weibin , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Mondor's disease (MD) is a rare benign and self-limited entity characterized by superficial thrombophlebitis of a vein in special regions. It may be secondary to trauma, malignancy, surgery, excessive physical activity or hyperviscosity. Diagnosis of MD is often based on history and physical examination. Case presentation: Here we present a rare case of Mondor's disease of chest wall with a pain and subcutaneous cord-like induration of right lateral chest. Ultrasonography revealed a superficial venous thrombosis of right thoracoepigastric vein. After treatment of aspirin for 2 weeks, chest pain was obviously relieved, and the lesion completely resolved approximately 6 weeks after presentation. Conclusions: Mondor’s disease could spontaneously resolved after several weeks and excessive medical intervention should be avoided.
Ge-Source Based L-Shaped Tunnel Field Effect Transistor for Low Power Switching Application
Authors: Chander Sweta , Sinha Sanjeet Kumar , Chaudhary Rekha , Singh Avtar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the performance of the heterojunction L-Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (LTFET) has been analyzed with different engineering techniques such as bandgap engineering, pocket engineering, work-function engineering, and gate dielectric engineering, respectively. The electrical characteristics of the device has been investigated by using Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD tool and compared with some recent other TFETs. The proposed Ge-source L-TFET device with n-type pocket shows ON-state current of 2.12*10-5 Aµm-1, OFF-state current of 1.09*10-13 Aµm-1, current ratio of ~108 and sub-threshold slope (SS) of 21 mV/decade and the threshold voltage of 0.26 V and compared to the conventional Si/Ge source L-shaped TFETs without pocket simulation result. The pocket engineering techniques suppress the leakage without degrading the ON current, threshold voltage and SS of the proposed device. The simplified fabrication steps of the proposed device have also been discussed. The proposed L-TFET is free from ambipolarity issues and can be used to develop low-power switching devices.
CT-based Radiomic Nomogram for Predicting the Severity of Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Shi Hengfeng , Xu Zhihua , Cheng Guohua , Ji Hongli , He Linyang , Zhu Juan , Hu Hanjin , Xie Zongyu , Ao Weiqun , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic now, and the severe COVID-19 determines the management and treatment, even prognosis. We aim to develop and validate a radiomics nomogram for identifying severe patients with COVID-19. To develop and validate a radiomics nomogram for identifying severe patients with COVID-19.Methods: There were 156 and 104 patients with COVID-19 enrolled in primary and validation cohorts respectively. Radiomics features were extracted from chest CT images. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used for feature selection and radiomics signature building. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a predictive model, and the radiomics signature, abnormal WBC counts, and comorbidity were incorporated and presented as a radiomics nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed through its calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness.Results: The radiomics signature consisting of 4 selected features was significantly associated with clinical condition of patients with COVID-19 in the primary and validation cohorts (P<0.001). The radiomics nomogram including radiomics signature, comorbidity and abnormal WBC counts, showed good discrimination of severe COVID-19, with an AUC of 0.972, and good calibration in the primary cohort. Application of the nomogram in the validation cohort still gave good discrimination with an AUC of 0.978 and good calibration. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the radiomics nomogram was clinically useful to identify the severe COVID-19.Conclusion: We present an easy-to-use radiomics nomogram to identify the severe patients with COVID-19 for better guiding a prompt management and treatment.
Multiple Pregnancy Increases the Risk of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection
Authors: Santos Priscilla Vilela dos , Toledo Débora Nonato Miranda , Almeida Bianca Alves , Andrade-Neto Valter F , Guimarães Nathalia S , Talvani André 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is an infectious disease caused by placental transfer of Toxoplasma gondii protozoa to the fetus, and can generate neurological and neurocognitive deficits, or death. As a mother’s infection poses the risk of fetal transmission in about 30% of the cases, appropriate preventive strategies are required for infection-related risk factors. The present study assessed the prevalence of T. gondii infection and the factors associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in pregnant women with assistance from the Public Health Service at Ouro Preto, Brazil.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2020. Pregnant women (n = 131) aged between 13 and 46 years, were recruited and evaluated for specific IgM and IgG antibody levels against T. gondii. These women also responded to a structured questionnaire, which was later used to determine the socioeconomic, environmental, gestational, clinical, and dietary patterns.Results. The prevalence of infection by T. gondii was 45.8% (n = 60); of these, multigravida women were more exposed to infection and were 2.6 times more likely to become infected with T. gondii compared to primigravida women (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.25-5.39). A high prevalence of T. gondii seropositivity was identified in pregnant women in the region of Ouro Preto, Brazil, where part of the sample reported the absence of basic sanitation at home.Conclusion. Our data identified multigravida as a potential risk factor for gestational toxoplasmosis, based on the high positivity of anti-T. gondii serology in these women Thus, educational and preventive measures must be intensified in both primigravida and multigravida women, to increase awareness regarding the potential risks of contact with T. gondii.
Fuzi-lizhong Decoction Alleviate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Blocking TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Jiayao , Ma Wei , Yi Hongfeng , Liao Yan , Shu Lei , Zhang Shu , Li Chenyu , An Liu , Du Nianlong , Shi Zhaohong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Fuzi-lizhong decoction (FLD) derives from an ancient Chinese Pharmacopoeia and has been used for the clinical treatment for years. The present study aimed to investigate the activities and underlying mechanisms of FLD against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods In vivo NAFLD in rats was induced by high-fat diet, and in vitro studies were performed on HL-7702 cells treated with oleic and linoleic. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and blood glucose (Glu) were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Expression of IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα were detected by ELISA. Using the Western blot (WB) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to measure the levels of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF6.Results FLD significantly attenuated inflammation and improved collagen accumulation through down-regulating the levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNFα, NF-κB p65 by inhibited the activation of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. TLR 4 overexpression in NAFLD was decreased by FLD, leading to the markedly down-regulated levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). In addition, the significant increased levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and blood glucose (Glu) in serum and free fatty acid (FFA) in liver were significant reduced by FLD treatment. Conclusions FLD exhibited potent protective effect against NAFLD via TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway, which might provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of this compound as an anti-inflammatory candidate for the treatment of ALF in the future.
Simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus from landfill leachate using an aerobic granular reactor
Authors: Saxena Vikalp , PADHI SUSANT , Bhatt Ritik , PATTANAIK LOPA 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, aerobic granular reactor (AGR) was used to treat landfill leachate by changing the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (668 ± 110–1149 ± 93 mg/L), ammonia (NH3-N) (30 ± 3.3–48 ± 1.3 mg/L), and phosphorus (PO4-P) (147 ± 18–221 ± 17 mg/L). The average COD removal was gradually reduced from 81 to 75%, increasing COD concentrations from 668 ± 110 to 1149 ± 93 mg/L. In phase I, the maximum removal of COD (94%) and NH3-N (85%) were observed at influent concentrations of 668 ± 110 mg/L and 30 ± 3.3 mg/L, respectively. Significant removal of PO4-P was observed, resulting in a maximum of up to 87%, further reducing up to 34% due to an increase in influent PO4-P concentration. The SVI30 reduced from 77 mL/g to 24.15 mL/g towards the end of phase III indicates the formation of granular biomass. The stability of AGR was also investigated in extreme conditions like shut-down and shock-loading phases. The treatment of real leachate diluted with wastewater (~ 20:80% v/v) using AGR showed a significant COD, NH3-N, and PO4-P removal of 62–65%, 61–93%, and 56–64%, respectively. Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were identified as the predominant (80%) bacterial community in aerobic granules responsible for removing COD, NH3-N, and PO4-P from leachate using AGR. The maximum biodegradation rate (rmax) and half-saturation constant (Ks) in AGR were determined as 123.5 mg/L h and 309 mg/L, respectively.
Dynamic Transesophageal Echocardiographic Parameters for Predicting Fluid Responsiveness in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Li Yaru , Jiang Luyang , Feng Yi , Ting Hai , Wang Guang , Wang Lu , Dou Dou 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim was to investigate the feasibility of the dynamic transesophageal echocardiographic parameters to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: In the prospective study, a total of 60 patients scheduled for elective general surgery under mechanical ventilation were enrolled. All patients received 10ml/kg Ringer’s lactate. The data including central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume variation (SVV), SVC-CI, E velocity, and the ratio of E/e’ was recorded before and after fluid challenge. Patients were classified as Responders (FR group) if their CI increased by at least 15% after fluid challenge. Results: 25/52(48%) were Responders and 27 were non-Responders (52%). The SVC-CI was higher in the Responders (41.90±11.48% vs 28.92±9.05%, P＜0.01). SVC-CI was significantly correlated with △CI (r=0.568, P＜0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of SVC-CI was 0.838 (95% CI: 0.728～0.947, P＜0.01) with the optimal cut-off value of 39.4% (sensitivity 64%, specificity 92.6%). The best cut-off value for SVV was 12.5% (sensitivity 40%, specificity 89%) with the AUROC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.53～0.826, P＜0.05). Conclusion: The SVC-CI and SVV can predict fluid responsiveness effectively in mechanically ventilated patients. And SVC-CI is superior in predicting fluid responsiveness compared with SVV. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000034940, Registered 25 July 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
The Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Ipragliflozin on Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Insulin Clearance, Beta-Cell Function in the Japanese Patients with type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Okura Tsuyoshi , Fujioka Yohei , Nakamura Risa , Kitao Sonoko , Ito Yuichi , Anno Mari , Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Shoji Kyoko , Matsuzawa Kazuhiko , Izawa Shoichiro , Okura Hiroko , Ueta Etsuko , Kato Masahiko , Imamura Takeshi , Taniguchi Shin-ichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is a medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some reports showed SGLT2i improved insulin resistance, however, the effect on insulin resistance is not well established. Hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is new pathophysiology of T2DM. The effect of SGLT2i on hepatic insulin clearance and insulin resistance is not well known. We investigated the effect of SGLT2i on insulin resistance, insulin secretion, incretins, body composition, and hepatic insulin clearance. Materials and Methods: We conducted a meal tolerance test (MTT), and the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in 9 T2DM patients. 50 mg/day ipragliflozin was admitted, MTT and clamp were performed after 4 months. We calculated the postprandial C-peptide AUC to insulin AUC ratio as the HIC. We also measured GLP1, GIP, and glucagon levels during MTT. Results: Body weight, HbA1c, and body composition were not significantly changed after 4 months of treatment. Postprandial glucose, fasting, and postprandial insulin were significantly decreased. The insulin resistance of the glucose clamp was not changed, but HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were significantly improved. Incretins and glucagon were not changed. Hepatic insulin clearance was significantly increased, but whole-body insulin clearance was not changed. Fib 4 index and fatty liver index were significantly reduced. HOMA-beta and insulinogenic index was not changed but the C-peptide index was significantly increased. Conclusions: Although patients’ number was small, these results suggest that SGLT2i treatment decreased hepatic insulin resistance, increased hepatic insulin clearance, and decreased hyperinsulinemia, it might protect beta-cell function.
Study of the doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}^+$
Authors: Belyaev Ivan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An exotic narrow state in the D0D0π + mass spectrum just below the D∗+D0 mass threshold is studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 acquired with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The state is consistent with the ground isoscalar T+ cc tetraquark with a quark content of ccud and spin-parity quantum numbers JP = 1+. Study of the DD mass spectra disfavours interpretation of the resonance as the isovector state. The decay structure via intermediate off-shell D∗+ mesons is confirmed by the D0π + mass distribution. The mass of the resonance and its coupling to the D∗D system are analysed. Resonance parameters including the pole position, scattering length, effective range and compositeness are measured to reveal important information about the nature of the T+ cc state. In addition, an unexpected dependence of the production rate on track multiplicity is observed.
Synthesis of the Polyhydroquinoline Derivative 4-(2-Chloro-Phenyl)-2,7,7-Trimethyl5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-Hexahydroquinoline-3-Carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester: Antimicrobial and Enzyme Modulator
Authors: Machado Gustavo Henrique Andrade , Trento Marcus Vinícius Cardoso , Pinelli Juliana Junqueira , Piccoli Roberta Hilsdorf , Thomasi Sérgio Scherrer , Marcussi Silvana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Multicomponent reactions are extremely relevant in green chemistry. They offer better conditions than traditional synthesis and are, therefore, used for many organic modifications. Recently, the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines has received much attention for its high pharmacological potential. In the present study, a polyhydroquinoline derivative was synthesized without the use of catalysts or solvents. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the molecule was successfully synthesized. The molecule presents significant results of antimicrobial activity for the bacteria tested in the serial dilution method. It also increased the clotting time by 25.66 seconds for the highest dose and 12.66 seconds for the other doses tested. Prior incubation with the dose of 125 mg reduced the thrombolytic activity to 73%. The 125, 100, and 50 mg doses previously incubated with Bothrops moojeni venom inhibited approximately 30% of the phospholipase activity. The molecule was also able to reduce the cytotoxicity induced by proteases significantly. In conclusion, the molecule presents several biological properties, which highlights its pharmaceutical potential.
A Proteomics Informed by Transcriptomics Insight Into the Proteome of Ornithodoros Erraticus Adult Tick Saliva
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Ricardo , Carnero-Morán Angel , Valero M. Luz , Oleaga Ana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The argasid tick Ornithodoros erraticus is the main vector of tick-borne human relapsing fever (TBRF) and African swine fever (ASF) in the Mediterranean Basin. The prevention and control of these diseases would greatly benefit from the elimination of O. erraticus populations, and anti-tick vaccines are envisaged as an effective and sustainable alternative to chemical acaricide usage for tick control. O. erraticus saliva contains bioactive proteins that play essential functions for tick feeding and host defence modulation, which may contribute to host infection by tick-borne pathogens. Hence, these proteins could be candidate antigen targets for the development of vaccines aimed at the control and prevention of O. erraticus infestations and the diseases it transmits. The objective of the present work was to obtain and characterise the proteome of the saliva of O. erraticus adult ticks as a means to identify and select novel salivary antigen targets.Methods: We have applied a proteomics informed by transcriptomics (PIT) approach to analyse samples of female and male saliva separately using the previously obtained O. erraticus sialotranscriptome as a reference database, and two different mass spectrometry techniques, namely, LC-MS/MS in data-dependent acquisition mode and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). Results: Up to 264 and 263 proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS in the saliva of O. erraticus female and male ticks, respectively, totalling 387 non-redundant proteins. Of them, 224 were further quantified by SWATH-MS in both male and female saliva. Quantified proteins were classified into 23 functional categories and their abundance compared between sexes. Heme/iron binding proteins, protease inhibitors, proteases, lipocalins and immune-related proteins were the categories most abundantly expressed in females, while glycolytic enzymes, protease inhibitors and lipocalins were the most abundantly expressed in males. Ninety-seven proteins were differentially expressed between the sexes: 37 were overexpressed in females and 60 in males. Conclusions: The PIT approach demonstrated its usefulness for proteomics studies of O. erraticus, a non-model organism without genomic sequences available, allowing the publication of the first comprehensive proteome of the saliva of O. erraticus reported to date. These findings confirm important quantitative differences between sexes in the O. erraticus saliva proteome, unveil novel salivary proteins and functions at the tick–host feeding interface and help to understand the physiology of feeding in O. erraticus ticks. The integration of O. erraticus sialoproteomic and sialotranscriptomic data will drive a more rational selection of salivary candidates as antigen targets for the development of vaccines aimed at the control of O. erraticus infestations and the diseases it transmits.
Degeneration of pyramidal cells of CA1, CA2, and CA3 area of the hippocampus in male rats under the influence of Simvastatin
Authors: Ranaiy Mohammad Saleh , Farokhi Farah , Babaei-Balderlou Farrin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Simvastatin is a lipophilic statin and can cross the blood-brain barrier. This study aimed to evaluate the Effect of Simvastatin on pyramidal cells in CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in healthy male rats. Method: For the experiment, 36 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 300-250 g were divided into six groups (each group comprised six heads). Groups: 1): Control group, 2): Vitamin D dose 5 µg/kg, 3): Simvastatin group dose 1 mg/kg, 4): Simvastatin group dose 10 mg/kg, 5): Simvastatin group dose 1 mg/kg + vitamin D dose 5 µg/kg, 6): Simvastatin group dose 10 mg/kg + vitamin D dose 5 µg/kg. The duration of drug use was 28 days. At the end of the drug administration period, the animals were slaughtered, then blood samples were taken from the animals (to check TC[1] and LDL-C[2]), and finally, the brain tissue of the animals was extracted to prepare microscopic sections. Results: Statistical results of total cholesterol and LDL-C in rat serum showed that the groups receiving simvastatin 10 mg/kg and simvastatin 10 mg/kg with vitamin D supplement 5 µg/kg were significantly different compared to the control group (P <0.05).Statistical results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in degenerated cells in the groups receiving simvastatin 10 mg/kg and simvastatin 10 mg/kg with vitamin D supplementation compared with the control group in CA1 and CA2 regions. The statistical results of the study of the percentage of The statistical results of the study of the rate of degenerative cells in CA3 area CA3 of the hippocampus showed that all groups except the vitamin D group had a significant difference (P <0.50) in the percentage of degenerative cells in this region compared to the control group.Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that Simvastatin, due to its lipophilic nature, easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and reduces cholesterol in the brain, thus causing the degeneration of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus.[1] Total cholesterol[2] Low-Density Lipoproteins