bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling von minderwertigen Aluminiumschrotten
Authors: Wibner Stefan , Antrekowitsch Helmut 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAluminiumschrott ist häufig mit einer Vielzahl an Stoffen verunreinigt, wie Kunstoffen, Dichtungen, Ölen und Holz, oder liegt in lackierter bzw. beschichteter Form vor. Dabei handelt es sich um organische Bestandteile, welche in den Schmelzöfen zu Reaktionen und damit zum Verlust von metallischem Aluminium führen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags erfolgt eine Erläuterung der industriell üblichen Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von minderwertigen Al-Schrotten, welche einen hohen Organikanteil aufweisen. Typischerweise kommen diese in Refinern zum Einsatz, wo Schmelzsalze Anwendung finden. Dabei erfolgt die Herstellung von Gusslegierungen, wozu auch Desoxidationsgranalien, welche in der Stahlherstellung Verwendung finden, zählen. Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Erzeugung dieser Produkte bietet der Schmelzprozess im Zweikammerofen, wo durch Pyrolyse vorab ein hoher Anteil organischer Bestandteile entfernt werden kann. Im experimentellen Teil des Beitrags finden Laboruntersuchungen statt, um Schmelzausbeuten von gemischtem Al-Schrott mit hohem Organikgehalt zu bestimmen. Hierbei werden die metallurgischen Rahmenbedingungen dahingehend eingestellt, dass eine Vergleichbarkeit mit den industriell eingesetzten Schmelzaggregaten gegeben ist. Die besten Ergebnisse konnten dabei durch die Anwendung von Schmelzsalzen erreicht werden. Bei der Verarbeitung minderwertiger Schrotte im Zweikammerofen führt eine vorgeschaltete Pyrolyse zur Erhöhung der Schmelzausbeuten und zur Verringerung der Krätzemengen.
Ladungsträgerbasierte Modellierung von Teilentladungsprozessen in Runddrahtwicklungen umrichtergespeister Niederspannungsmaschinen
Authors: Driendl Niklas , lütke Jüdefeld Clara , Pauli Florian , Schröder Michael , Hameyer Kay 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Auftreten von Teilentladungen in elektrischen Maschinen kann innerhalb von kurzer Zeit zum Versagen des Isoliersystems und somit zum Ausfall der Maschine führen. Für den Auslegungsprozess ist es daher essenziell zu ermitteln, ab welcher Spannung für welche Betriebspunkte Teilentladungen auftreten können. Umrichterbetriebene elektrische Maschinen sind aufgrund der transienten Spannungen besonderen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Insbesondere im Automobilbereich entstehen zusätzliche Anforderungen durch die Erhöhung der Zwischenkreisspannung und der Verwendung von schnellschaltenden Halbleiterelementen, wie z. B. Siliziumkarbid (SiC). Teilentladungen treten in luftgefüllten Hohlräumen innerhalb des Isoliersystems auf. Um die Teilentladungseinsetzspannung in Abhängigkeit von Spannungsanstiegsgeschwindigkeit und Überschwingverhalten zu berechnen, wird ein Modell auf Basis von hydrodynamischen Gleichungen entwickelt, das die Teilchenbewegung von positiven und negativen Ionen sowie von Elektronen im Luftraum berücksichtigt. Mithilfe der ladungsträgerbasierten Modellierung ist es ferner möglich, den entstehenden Teilchenstrom zu berechnen, der einen Rückschluss auf die Teilentladungsintensität zulässt.
Pain management in hemophilia: expert recommendations
Authors: Stromer Waltraud , Pabinger Ingrid , Ay Cihan , Crevenna Richard , Donnerer Josef , Feistritzer Clemens , Hemberger Sophie , Likar Rudolf , Sevelda Florian , Thom Katharina , Wagner Barbara , Streif Werner 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIntroductionAs a typical consequence of bleeding into muscles and joints, patients with severe hemophilia suffer from acute and chronic pain. In spite of its high prevalence, pain in this patient group is not always sufficiently considered or treated in an effective manner.AimThe recommendations presented in this paper address possible improvements in pain management in hemophilia patients and particularities that have to be taken into account in this patient group.MethodThe manifold aspects of pain management in hemophilia patients were discussed within the framework of an expert meeting. Based on the available literature and the experts’ clinical experience, the participants developed a set of recommendations presented in this paper.ResultsPain management in patients with hemophilia is often insufficient, a fact that not only influences the patients’ quality of life but also implies the risk of difficult to manage chronic pain. Both the prevalent polypharmacy (due to comorbidities) as well as the underlying disease itself present special challenges to pain therapy in this patient group. The present review and recommendations are intended to support medical professionals in recognising the risks of pain chronicity, applying basic principles of multimodal pain therapy, including the options of psychological intervention and modalities of physical medicine in therapy concepts, and reaching a comprehensive understanding of the range of analgesic options available.
Reducing mass while improving the operational behavior: form optimization of planetary gearbox housings
Authors: Theling Julian , Brimmers Jens , Brecher Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe optimization of load sharing between planets is one of the most important goals in planetary gearbox design. Unevenly distributed load will cause locally higher flank pressures and therefore, less durability of gears and bearings. Furthermore, unevenly distributed or fluctuating loads can cause excitations in the gear mesh and structural vibrations. The load sharing in planetary gear stages depends on the individual stiffness conditions in each mesh position. The stiffness is not only influenced by the gear geometry but also by the surrounding structural elements like shafts, housings and torque arms. In wind industry these components are often designed very stiff in order to reduce their effect on the operational behavior.Within this paper, a method is presented, which allows combining the structural optimization process with a tooth contact analysis for planetary gearboxes. By means of this combined approach, it is possible to optimize the housing structure of the ring gear in terms of mass reduction while keeping the operational behavior in focus. With a weighted design objective function, it is possible to decide whether the main objective should be load distribution, excitation behavior, low mass or a balanced design.
Stroke management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: experience from three regions of the north east of Italy (Veneto, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Trentino-Alto-Adige)
Authors: Manganotti Paolo , Naccarato Marcello , Scali Ilario , Cappellari Manuel , Bonetti Bruno , Burlina Alessandro , Turinese Emanuele , Bogo Sabrina , Teatini Francesco , Franchini Enrica , Caneve Giorgio , Ruzza Giampietro , Gaudenzi Anna , Bombardi Roberto , Bozzato Giulio , Padoan Roberta , Gentile Carolina , Rana Michele , Turazzini Michelangelo , Alessandra Danese , Brigo Francesco , Nardone Raffaele , Quatrale Rocco , Menegazzo Elisabetta , Masato Maela , Novello Stefano , Passadore Paolo , Baldi Antonio , Valentinis Luca , Baracchini Claudio , Pieroni Alessio , Basile Anna Maria , Semplicini Claudio , Piffer Silvio , Giometto Bruno , Tonello Simone , Bonifatti Domenico Marco , Lorenzut Simone , Merlino Giovanni , Valente Maria Rosaria , Paladin Francesco , Tonon Agnese , de Luca Cristina , Perini Francesco , Centonze Sandro , Bovi Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Efficiency of care chain response and hospital reactivity were and are challenged for stroke acute care management during the pandemic period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in North-Eastern Italy (Veneto, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Trentino-Alto-Adige), counting 7,193,880 inhabitants (ISTAT), with consequences in acute treatment for patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective data collection of patients admitted to stroke units eventually treated with thrombolysis and thrombectomy, ranging from January to May 2020 from the beginning to the end of the main first pandemic period of COVID-19 in Italy. The primary endpoint was the number of patients arriving to these stroke units, and secondary endpoints were the number of thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy. Chi-square analysis was used on all patients; furthermore, patients were divided into two cohorts (pre-lockdown and lockdown periods) and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test differences on admission and reperfusive therapies.

Results
In total, 2536 patients were included in 22 centers. There was a significant decrease of admissions in April compared to January. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease of thrombectomy during the lockdown period, while thrombolysis rate was unaffected in the same interval across all centers.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed a decrease in admission rate of stroke patients in a large area of northern Italy during the lockdown period, especially during the first dramatic phase. Overall, there was no decrease in thrombolysis rate, confirming an effect of emergency care system for stroke patients. Instead, the significant decrease in thrombectomy rate during lockdown addresses some considerations of local and regional stroke networks during COVID-19 pandemic evolution.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the utilization of acute surgical care in the State of Salzburg, Austria: retrospective, multicenter analysis
Authors: Presl Jaroslav , Varga Martin , Mittermair Christof , Mitterwallner Stefan , Weitzendorfer Michael , Gabersek Ana , Borhanian Kurosch , Heuberger Andreas , Weiss Helmut , Emmanuel Klaus , von Rahden Burkhard , Koch Oliver Owen 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Background
Some medical disciplines have reported a strong decrease of emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, the effect of the lockdown on general surgery emergencies remains unclear.

Methods
This study is a retrospective, multicenter analysis of general surgery emergency operations performed during the period from 1 March to 15th 2020 lockdown and in the same time period of 2019 in three medical centers providing emergency surgical care to the area Salzburg-North, Austria.

Results
In total 165 emergency surgeries were performed in the study period of 2020 compared to 287 in 2019. This is a significant decrease of 122 (42.5%) emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 lockdown (p = 0.005). The length of hospital stay was reduced to 3 days in 2020 compared to 4 in 2019. Appendectomy remained the most performed emergency surgery for both periods; however the number of surgeries was reduced to less than a half, with 72 cases in 2019 and 33 cases in 2020 (p = 0.118). Emergency colon surgery observed the strongest decrease of 75% from 17 cases in 2019 to 4 in 2020. In addition, the emergency abdominal wall hernia, cholecystectomies for acute cholecystitis, small surgeries and proctological emergencies recorded drops of 70%, 39%, 33% and 47% respectively. The strongest reduction in frequencies of emergency surgeries was reported from the designated COVID center in the examined region.

Conclusions
Emergency general surgery is an essential service that continues to run under all circumstances. Our data show that COVID-19-related restrictions have resulted in a significant decrease in the utilization of acute surgical care.
Temperature-dependent development and survival of an invasive genotype of wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella
Authors: Karpicka-Ignatowska Kamila , Laska Alicja , Rector Brian G. , Skoracka Anna , Kuczyński Lechosław 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantifying basic biological data, such as the effects of variable temperatures on development and survival, is crucial to predicting and monitoring population growth rates of pest species, many of which are highly invasive. One of the most globally important pests of cereals is the eriophyoid wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, which is the primary vector of several plant viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature-dependent development and survival of WCM at a wide range of constant temperatures in the laboratory (17–33 °C). The development time of each stage depended significantly on temperature and it was negatively correlated with temperature increase. At high temperatures (27–33 °C), individuals had shorter developmental times, with the shortest (6 days) at 33 °C, whereas at the lowest tested temperatures (17–19 °C), developmental time was almost 3× longer. Moreover, temperature had a clear effect on survival: the higher the temperature, the lower the survival rate. These data provide information promoting more efficient and effective manipulation of WCM laboratory colonies, and further our understanding of the ramifications of temperature change on WCM physiology and implications for the growth and spread of this globally invasive pest.
Metabolomic and elemental profiling of human tissue in kidney cancer
Authors: Nizioł Joanna , Copié Valérie , Tripet Brian P. , Nogueira Leonardo B. , Nogueira Katiane O. P. C. , Ossoliński Krzysztof , Arendowski Adrian , Ruman Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Kidney cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and the most lethal urinary cancer. Despite advances in treatment, no specific biomarker is currently in use to guide therapeutic interventions.

Objectives
Major aim of this work was to perform metabolomic and elemental profiling of human kidney cancer and normal tissue and to evaluate cancer biomarkers.

Methods
Metabolic and elemental profiling of tumor and adjacent normal human kidney tissue from 50 patients with kidney cancer was undertaken using three different analytical methods.

Results
Five potential tissue biomarkers of kidney cancer were identified and quantified using with high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The contents of selected chemical elements in tissues was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Eleven mass spectral features differentiating between kidney cancer and normal tissues were detected using silver-109 nanoparticle enhanced steel target laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Conclusions
Our results, derived from the combination of ICP-OES, LDI MS and 1H NMR methods, suggest that tissue biomarkers identified herein appeared to have great potential for use in clinical prognosis and/or diagnosis of kidney cancer.
Air pollution exposure—the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases
Authors: Bălă Gabriel-Petrică , Râjnoveanu Ruxandra-Mioara , Tudorache Emanuela , Motișan Radu , Oancea Cristian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are constantly being reported in the literature. The goal of our review was to summarize the most important air pollutants and their impact on the main respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis) to reduce both short- and the long-term exposure consequences. We considered the most important air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, ozone, particulate matter and biomass smoke, and observed their impact on pulmonary pathologies. We focused on respiratory pathologies, because air pollution potentiates the increase in respiratory diseases, and the evidence that air pollutants have a detrimental effect is growing. It is imperative to constantly improve policy initiatives on air quality in both high- and low-income countries.
Dynamic response of rock slope with anti-dip weak interlayer and its influencing factors under seismic actions
Authors: Wang Tong , Gao Chengliang , Huang Fei , Peng Di , Tian Shuwen , Li Huilan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe load features of ground motion are mainly reflected by three factors: amplitude, frequency, and duration. The combination of these factors determines the response of rock-soil mass and the structure safety under seismic load. By finite element method, this paper analyzes the influence of the three factors of ground motion on the dynamic response of a slope. The analysis shows that the slope displacement increased with the elevation from the bottom. The anti-dip fault puts the slope in an unfavorable deformation state. Due to the large residual deformation in the fault zone, a large displacement occurred on the slope top. It was also learned that the adjustment of amplitude only leads to proportional growth in the absolute value of the acceleration of the slope. Under the same conditions, the dynamic responses in different parts of the target slope are not greatly affected by the changing amplitude, but depend more on the material and spectral features of the rock-soil mass. The research results provide a reference for the evaluation and prediction of slope seismic stability and the evolution of slope damage under earthquakes with different frequencies, amplitudes, and durations.
Development and validation of a quantitative qPCR assay for detecting Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) eDNA samples
Authors: Reyne Marina , Naaum Amanda M. , Marnell Ferdia , Reid Neil , Helyar Sarah J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) is the rarest amphibian species in Ireland, regionally Red-Listed as Endangered. We applied an eDNA approach to detect species presence in breeding pond water samples. We developed a species-specific qPCR assay targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). The assay was tested in silico, in vitro (DNA extracted from tissue) and in vivo (DNA extracted from water samples). Water samples were collected from five ponds with known Natterjack toad presence or absence to validate the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. The assay was shown to be highly specific to the Natterjack toad and tested positive only against toad tissue samples and eDNA samples from ponds with known species presence. We believe this method can be used for rapid assessment of species occurrence.
Anomalous self-experience, body image disturbance, and eating disorder symptomatology in first-onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Moccia Lorenzo , Conte Eliana , Ambrosecchia Marianna , Janiri Delfina , Di Pietro Salvatore , De Martin Valentina , Di Nicola Marco , Rinaldi Lucio , Sani Gabriele , Gallese Vittorio , Janiri Luigi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Anorexia nervosa-restrictive subtype (AN-R) is a life-threatening disorder relying on behavioural abnormalities, such as excessive food restriction or exercise. Such abnormalities may be secondary to an “objectified” attitude toward body image and self. This is the first study exploring the impact of anomalous self-experience (ASEs) on abnormal body image attitude and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology in individuals with AN-R at onset.

Methods
We recruited Italian female participants, 40 with AN-R (mean age 18.3 ± 2.3) and 45 age and educational level-matched healthy controls (HCs) (mean age 18.2 ± 2.6). ASEs, body image attitude, and ED symptom severity were assessed through the examination of anomalous self-experience (EASE), the body uneasiness test (BUT), and the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q), respectively. We conducted multivariate analysis of variance to investigate distribution patterns of variables of interest, and mediation analysis to test the effect of ASEs and body image on ED symptomatology.

Results
Individuals with AN-R scored higher than HCs on the EASE (p < .0001). A direct effect of ASEs on ED severity (p = 0.009; bootstrapped LLCI = 0.067, ULCI = 0.240) was found in AN-R. After modelling the effect of abnormal body image attitude, the relationship between EASE total score and ED symptomatology was significantly mediated by BUT (p = 0.002; bootstrapped LLCI = 0.001, ULCI = 0.172).

Conclusion
Although the exact pathways linking AN-R to self-disorder remain to be identified, a broader exploration of transdiagnostic features in AN, including explorations of different dimensions of self-experience and intersubjectivity, may shed further light on the clinical phenomenology of the disorder.

Level of evidence
Level III, case–control analytic study.
PDE11A gene polymorphism in testicular cancer: sperm parameters and hormonal profile
Authors: Faja F. , Finocchi F. , Carlini T. , Rizzo F. , Pallotti F. , Spaziani M. , Balercia G. , Lenzi A. , Paoli D. , Lombardo F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) is the most common malignancy among young adult males. The etiology is multifactorial and both environmental and genetic factors play an important role in the origin and development of TGCT. Genetic susceptibility may result from the interaction of multiple common and low-penetrance genetic variants and one of the main candidate genes is PDE11A. Many PDE11A polymorphisms were found responsible for a reduced PDE activity in TGCT patients, who often also display impaired hormone and sperm profile. The aim of this study was to investigate testicular function and PDE11A sequence in testicular cancer cases.

Methods
Semen analysis was performed in 116 patients with unilateral and bilateral sporadic TGCTs and in 120 cancer-free controls. We also investigated hormone profile and PDE11A polymorphisms using peripheral blood samples.

Results
Our data revealed that TGCT patients showed lower testosterone levels, higher gonadotropins levels and worse semen quality than controls, although the mean and the medians of sperm parameters are within the reference limits. PDE11A sequencing detected ten polymorphisms not yet associated with TGCTs before. Among these, G223A in homozygosity and A288G in heterozygosity were significantly associated with a lower risk of testicular tumour and they displayed a positive correlation with total sperm number.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the key role of PDE11A in testis and suggest the presence of an underlying complex and fine molecular mechanism which controls testis-specific gene expression and susceptibility to testicular cancer.
Cultural aspects of ants, bees and wasps, and their products in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: van Huis Arnold 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study’s purpose was to make an overview of how ants, bees, wasps, and their products, such as honey are utilized, perceived, and experienced in daily life across sub-Saharan Africa. Ethno-entomological information was collected by interviews with more than 300 people from 27 countries and by literature studies. Queens of the antCarebara viduaare deliberately eaten and unintentionally bee larvae with honey and sugar ants with sugar. Honey, apart from food, is widely used to treat numerous medical problems and as a stimulant (for the memory) or as a cosmetic. In the Qur’an, the medical value of honey is recognized. Seed stores of ants may be harvested by humans. In Sudan, bee stings are used to cure arthritis as bee venom has bioactive properties. Wasp nests are used to cure inflammations such as mumps. Certain insect properties are used in conveying these treatments to persons it is employed to, such as wasps feed do make dogs vicious. Some stories seem to make no sense like the snake-trapping ants in Madagascar, but a scientific explanation is provided. Certain insects’ looks may inspire people to construct stories or have proverbs such as the very narrow waist of wasps, suggesting sterility. Bee swarms and driver ants are feared all over and believed to be employed (by witchdoctors) to punish. Not all stories of events with bees or ants are similar across sub-Saharan Africa. Social insects are also used to stimulate cohesion between people.