bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of prevalence and phenotypic and genotypic assessment of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from ready-to-eat food samples collected from Tehran Province, Iran
Authors: Mesbah Arash , Mashak Zohreh , Abdolmaleki Zohreh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundResistantStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) bacteria are considered among the major causes of foodborne diseases. This survey aims to assess genotypic and phenotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance inS. aureusbacteria isolated from ready-to-eat food samples.MethodsAccording to the previously reported prevalence ofS. aureusin ready-to-eat food samples, a total of 415 ready-to-eat food samples were collected from Tehran province, Iran.S. aureusbacteria were identified using culture and biochemical tests. Besides, the phenotypic antibiotic resistance profile was determined by disk diffusion. In addition, the genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined using the PCR.ResultsA total of 64 out of 415 (15.42%) ready-to-eat food samples were contaminated withS. aureus. Grilled mushrooms and salad olivieh harbored the highest contamination rate of (30%), while salami samples harbored the lowest contamination rate of 3.33%. In addition,S. aureusbacteria harbored the highest prevalence of resistance to penicillin (85.93%), tetracycline (85.93%), gentamicin (73.43%), erythromycin (53.12%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (51.56%), and ciprofloxacin (50%). However, all isolates were resistant to at least four antibiotic agents. Accordingly, the prevalence oftetK(70.31%),blaZ(64.06%),aacA-D(57.81%),gyrA(50%), andermA(39.06%) was higher than that of other detected antibiotic resistance genes. Besides,AacA-D + blaZ(48.43%),tetK + blaZ(46.87%),aacA-D + tetK(39.06%),aacA-D + gyrA(20.31%), andermA + blaZ(20.31%) were the most frequently identified combined genotypic patterns of antibiotic resistance.ConclusionReady-to-eat food samples may be sources of resistantS. aureus,which pose a hygienic threat in case of their consumption. However, further investigations are required to identify additional epidemiological features ofS. aureusin ready-to-eat foods.
A short review on lymphatic endothelial cell heterogeneity
Authors: Miyasaka Masayuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent single-cell RNA sequencing studies in mouse and human have clearly indicated that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) consist of multiple cell subsets, each expressing a unique set of genes, residing in distinct locations in the body. These studies have also revealed a conserved pattern of gene expression in LECs across animal species, as well as specialized sets of genes unique to each species. However, the extent to which this heterogeneity is adaptive to the external milieu surrounding LECs has remained unclear. The transcriptional and regulatory pathways that program the different subsets of LECs also remain unexplored.
Thyroid Status and Brain Circulation: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Fani Lana , Roa Dueñas Oscar , Bos Daniel , Vernooij Meike W , Klaver Caroline C W , Ikram M Kamran , Peeters Robin P , Ikram M Arfan , Chaker Layal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Whether thyroid dysfunction is related to altered brain circulation in the general population remains unknown.

Objective
We determined the association of thyroid hormones with different markers of brain circulation within community-dwelling elderly people.

Methods
This was a population-based study of 3 subcohorts of the Rotterdam Study, starting in 1989, 2000, and 2006. A total of 5142 participants (mean age, 63.8 years; 55.4% women), underwent venipuncture to measure serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Between 2005 and 2015, all participants underwent phase-contrast brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess global brain perfusion (mL of blood flow/100 mL of brain/minute). Arteriolar retinal calibers were assessed using digitized images of stereoscopic fundus color transparencies in 3105 participants as markers of microcirculation. We investigated associations of TSH, FT4 with brain circulation measures using (non)linear regression models.

Results
FT4 (in pmol/L) levels had an inverse U-shaped association with global brain perfusion, such that high and low levels of FT4 were associated with lower global brain perfusion than middle levels of FT4. The difference in global brain perfusion between high FT4 levels (25 pmol/L) and middle FT4 levels (FT4 = 15 pmol/L; P nonlinearity = .002) was up to –2.44 mL (95% CI –4.31; –0.56). Higher and lower levels of FT4, compared with middle FT4 levels, were associated with arteriolar retinal vessels (mean difference up to –2.46 µm, 95% CI –4.98; 0.05 for lower FT4).

Conclusion
These results suggest that thyroid dysfunction could lead to brain diseases such as stroke or dementia through suboptimal brain circulation that is potentially modifiable.
Swimming kinematics and performance of spinal transected lampreys with different levels of axon regeneration
Authors: Fies Jacob , Gemmell Brad J. , Fogerson Stephanie M. , Morgan Jennifer R. , Tytell Eric D. , Colin Sean P. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Axon regeneration is critical for restoring neural function after spinal cord injury. This has prompted a series of studies on the neural and functional recovery of lampreys after spinal cord transection. Despite this, there are still many basic questions remaining about how much functional recovery depends on axon regeneration. Our goal was to examine how swimming performance is related to degree of axon regeneration in lampreys recovering from spinal cord transection by quantifying the relationship between swimming performance and percent axon regeneration of transected lampreys after 11 weeks of recovery. We found that while swimming speeds varied, they did not relate to percent axon regeneration. In fact, swimming speeds were highly variable within individuals, meaning that most individuals could swim at both moderate and slow speeds, regardless of percent axon regeneration. However, none of the transected individuals were able to swim as fast as the control lampreys. To swim fast, control lampreys generated high amplitude body waves with long wavelengths. Transected lampreys generated body waves with lower amplitude and shorter wavelengths than controls, and to compensate, transected lampreys increased their wave frequencies to swim faster. As a result, transected lampreys had significantly higher frequencies than control lampreys at comparable swimming velocities. These data suggest that the control lampreys swam more efficiently than transected lampreys. In conclusion, there appears to be a minimal recovery threshold in terms of percent axon regeneration required for lampreys to be capable of swimming; however, there also seems to be a limit to how much they can behaviorally recover.
Physical Activity Promotion in a Safety-Net Clinic: Does the Provider Make a Difference? A Pilot Study
Authors: Bowen Pamela G. , Opoku-Agyeman William , Affuso Olivia , Levi Paula , Wingo Nancy 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite the long-term health benefits of physical activity, many Americans across the life span do not meet the recommended levels. However, physical activity discussions in the clinic setting may hold promise. The purpose of this study aimed to understand health care providers’ beliefs and practices about physical activity discussions being a part of patients’ health care treatment.

Methods
Semistructured, audiotaped interviews were conducted to elicit narratives from 10 health care providers. Interview data were transcribed verbatim, and then coded and analyzed by two qualitative researchers using NVivo12.

Results
Three major themes emerged were as follows: importance of regular physical activity counseling for vulnerable populations; patients’ lack of regular physical activity, including subthemes of lack of time, current health conditions, and social determinants of health; and health care provider’s reflections about their own physical activity.

Conclusions
Health care providers have an important role when it comes to promoting good health. Having physical activity discussions with patients at every clinic visit is a great opportunity to encourage patients to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors such as regular physical activity. From this pilot study, implications for practice may include increased awareness of the health care providers to discuss physical activity at every visit, which may lead to improved provider–patient communications related to the benefits of daily physical activity behaviors. These discussions may even have a secondary gain of encouraging the providers themselves to adopt the healthy behavior and thereby serve as a role model for their patients.
Development and implementation of a customised rapid syndromic diagnostic test for severe pneumonia
Authors: Navapurkar Vilas , Bartholdson Scott Josefin , Maes Mailis , Hellyer Thomas P , Higginson Ellen , Forrest Sally , Pereira-Dias Joana , Parmar Surendra , Heasman-Hunt Emma , Polgarova Petra , Brown Joanne , Titti Lissamma , Smith William PW , Scott Jonathan , Rostron Anthony , Routledge Matthew , Sapsford David , Török M. Estée , McMullan Ronan , Enoch David A , Wong Vanessa ,   VAP-Rapid investigators, Curran Martin D , Brown Nicholas M , Simpson A John , Herre Jurgen , Dougan Gordon , Conway Morris Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Background: The diagnosis of pneumonia has been hampered by a reliance on bacterial cultures which take several days to return a result, and are frequently negative. In critically ill patients this leads to the use of empiric, broad-spectrum antimicrobials and compromises good antimicrobial stewardship. The objective of this study was to establish the performance of a syndromic molecular diagnostic approach, using a custom TaqMan array card (TAC) covering 52 respiratory pathogens, and assess its impact on antimicrobial prescribing. Methods: The TAC was validated against a retrospective multi-centre cohort of broncho-alveolar lavage samples. The TAC was assessed prospectively in patients undergoing investigation for suspected pneumonia, with a comparator cohort formed of patients investigated when the TAC laboratory team were unavailable. Co-primary outcomes were sensitivity compared to conventional microbiology and, for the prospective study, time to result. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to validate findings in prospective samples. Antibiotic free days (AFD) were compared between the study cohort and comparator group. Results: 128 stored samples were tested, with sensitivity of 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 88-100%). Prospectively, 95 patients were tested by TAC, with 71 forming the comparator group. TAC returned results 51 hours (interquartile range 41-69 hours) faster than culture and with sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 83-98%) compared to conventional microbiology. 94% of organisms identified by sequencing were detected by TAC. There was a significant difference in the distribution of AFDs with more AFDs in the TAC group (p=0.02). TAC group were more likely to experience antimicrobial de-escalation (odds ratio 2.9 (95%1.5-5.5)). Conclusions: Implementation of a syndromic molecular diagnostic approach to pneumonia led to faster results, with high sensitivity and impact on antibiotic prescribing.
Iterative Coordination and Innovation: Prioritizing Value over Novelty
Authors: Ghosh Sourobh , Wu Andy 
Published: October 2021

An innovating organization faces the challenge of how to prioritize distinct goals of novelty and value, both of which underlie innovation. Popular practitioner frameworks like Agile management suggest that organizations can adopt an iterative approach of frequent meetings to prioritize between these goals, a practice we refer to as iterative coordination. Despite iterative coordination’s widespread use in innovation management, its effects on novelty and value in innovation remain unknown. With the information technology firm Google, we embed a field experiment within a hackathon software development competition to identify the effect of iterative coordination on innovation. We find that iterative coordination causes firms to implicitly prioritize value in innovation: Although iteratively coordinating firms develop more valuable products, these products are simultaneously less novel. Furthermore, by tracking software code, we find that iteratively coordinating firms favor integration at the cost of knowledge-creating specialization. A follow-on laboratory study documents that increasing the frequency and opportunities to reprioritize goals in iterative coordination meetings reinforces value and integration, while reducing novelty and specialization. This article offers three key contributions: highlighting how processes to prioritize among multiple performance goals may implicitly favor certain outcomes; introducing a new empirical methodology of software code version tracking for measuring the innovation process; and leveraging the emergent phenomenon of hackathons to study new methods of organizing. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Google LLC, the Harvard Business School Division of Research and Faculty Development, and the National Science Foundation [Grant 1122374]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1499 .
The impact of functional combined anteversion on hip range of motion: a new optimal zone to reduce risk of impingement in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: O'Connor Patrick B. , Thompson Matthew T. , Esposito Christina I. , Poli Nikola , McGree James , Donnelly Thomas , Donnelly William 
Published: October 2021

Aims Pelvic tilt (PT) can significantly change the functional orientation of the acetabular component and may differ markedly between patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients with stiff spines who have little change in PT are considered at high risk for instability following THA. Femoral component position also contributes to the limits of impingement-free range of motion (ROM), but has been less studied. Little is known about the impact of combined anteversion on risk of impingement with changing pelvic position. Methods We used a virtual hip ROM (vROM) tool to investigate whether there is an ideal functional combined anteversion for reduced risk of hip impingement. We collected PT information from functional lateral radiographs (standing and sitting) and a supine CT scan, which was then input into the vROM tool. We developed a novel vROM scoring system, considering both seated flexion and standing extension manoeuvres, to quantify whether hips had limited ROM and then correlated the vROM score to component position. Results The vast majority of THA planned with standing combined anteversion between 30° to 50° and sitting combined anteversion between 45° to 65° had a vROM score > 99%, while the majority of vROM scores less than 99% were outside of this zone. The range of PT in supine, standing, and sitting positions varied widely between patients. Patients who had little change in PT from standing to sitting positions had decreased hip vROM. Conclusion It has been shown previously that an individual’s unique spinopelvic alignment influences functional cup anteversion. But functional combined anteversion, which also considers stem position, should be used to identify an ideal THA position for impingement-free ROM. We found a functional combined anteversion zone for THA that may be used moving forward to place total hip components. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(10):834–841.
Wake dynamics of air filaments generated by high-energy picosecond laser pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Higginson A. , Wang Y. , Chi H. , Goffin A. , Larkin I. , Milchberg H. M. , Rocca J. J. 
Published: October 2021

We investigated the filamentation in air of 7 ps laser pulses of up to 200 mJ energy from a 1.03 μm-wavelength Yb:YAG laser at repetition rates up to

f
=

1

k
H
z

. Interferograms of the wake generated show that while pulses in a train of repetition rate

f
=

0.1

k
H
z

encounter a nearly unperturbed environment, at

f
=

1

k
H
z

, a channel with an axial air density hole of

∼

20
%

is generated and maintained at all times by the cumulative effect of preceding laser pulses. Measurements at

f
=

1

k
H
z

show that the energy deposited decreases proportional to the air channel density depletion, becoming more pronounced as the repetition rate and pulse energy increase. Numerical simulations indicate that contrary to filaments generated by shorter duration pulses, the electron avalanche is the dominant energy loss mechanism during filamentation with 7 ps pulses. The results are of interest for the atmospheric propagation of joule-level picosecond pulses from Yb:YAG lasers, of which average powers now surpass 1 kW, and for channeling other directed energy beams.
Electrically pumped widely tunable O-band hybrid lithium niobite/III-V laser
Authors: Han Ya , Zhang Xian , Huang Fujin , Liu Xiaoyue , Xu Mengyue , Lin Zhongjin , He Mingbo , Yu Siyuan , Wang Ruijun , Cai Xinlun 
Published: October 2021

Significant improvements in the lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform are pushing LNOI-based laser sources to the forefront of integrated photonics. Here, we report the first, to the best of our knowledge, electrically pumped hybrid lithium niobate/III-V laser by butt coupling an InP-based optical gain chip with a LNOI photonic integrated circuit (PIC). In the PIC, a Vernier filter consisting of two LNOI microring resonators is employed to select the lasing wavelength. A wavelength tuning range of more than 36 nm is achieved in the O band. The hybrid laser has a maximum on-chip optical power of 2.5 mW and threshold current density of

2.5

k
A

/

c
m

2

. A side mode suppression ratio better than 60 dB is achieved.
Continuation and Bifurcation in Nonlinear PDEs – Algorithms, Applications, and Experiments
Authors: Uecker Hannes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNumerical continuation and bifurcation methods can be used to explore the set of steady and time–periodic solutions of parameter dependent nonlinear ODEs or PDEs. For PDEs, a basic idea is to first convert the PDE into a system of algebraic equations or ODEs via a spatial discretization. However, the large class of possible PDE bifurcation problems makes developing a general and user–friendly software a challenge, and the often needed large number of degrees of freedom, and the typically large set of solutions, often require adapted methods. Here we review some of these methods, and illustrate the approach by application of the package to some advanced pattern formation problems, including the interaction of Hopf and Turing modes, patterns on disks, and an experimental setting of dead core pattern formation.
Selective sorting of ancestral introgression in maize and teosinte along an elevational cline
Authors: Calfee Erin , Gates Daniel , Lorant Anne , Perkins M. Taylor , Coop Graham , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: October 2021

While often deleterious, hybridization can also be a key source of genetic variation and pre-adapted haplotypes, enabling rapid evolution and niche expansion. Here we evaluate these opposing selection forces on introgressed ancestry between maize (Zea maysssp.mays) and its wild teosinte relative,mexicana(Zea maysssp.mexicana). Introgression from ecologically diverse teosinte may have facilitated maize’s global range expansion, in particular to challenging high elevation regions (> 1500 m). We generated low-coverage genome sequencing data for 348 maize andmexicanaindividuals to evaluate patterns of introgression in 14 sympatric population pairs, spanning the elevational range ofmexicana, a teosinte endemic to the mountains of Mexico. While recent hybrids are commonly observed in sympatric populations andmexicanademonstrates fine-scale local adaptation, we find that the majority ofmexicanaancestry tracts introgressed into maize over 1000 generations ago. Thismexicanaancestry seems to have maintained much of its diversity and likely came from a common ancestral source, rather than contemporary sympatric populations, resulting in relatively lowFSTbetweenmexicanaancestry tracts sampled from geographically distant maize populations.Introgressedmexicanaancestry in maize is reduced in lower-recombination rate quintiles of the genome and around domestication genes, consistent with pervasive selection against introgression. However, we also findmexicanaancestry increases across the sampled elevational gradient and that high introgression peaks are most commonly shared among high-elevation maize populations, consistent with introgression frommexicanafacilitating adaptation to the highland environment. In the other direction, we find patterns consistent with adaptive and clinal introgression of maize ancestry into sympatricmexicanaat many loci across the genome, suggesting that maize also contributes to adaptation inmexicana, especially at the lower end of its elevational range. In sympatric maize, in addition to high introgression regions we find many genomic regions where selection for local adaptation maintains steep gradients in introgressedmexicanaancestry across elevation, including at least two inversions: the well-characterized 14 MbInv4mon chromosome 4 and a novel 3 Mb inversionInv9fsurrounding themacrohairless1locus on chromosome 9. Most outlier loci with highmexicanaintrogression show no signals of sweeps or local sourcing from sympatric populations and so likely represent ancestral introgression sorted by selection, resulting in correlated but distinct outcomes of introgression in different contemporary maize populations.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate a behavioral economic strategy for improving mobility in veterans with chronic pain
Authors: Compton Peggy , Chaiyachati Krisda H. , Dicks Tanisha , Medvedeva Elina , Chhabra Manik 
Published: October 2021

Rates of chronic pain and daily opioid use are higher among veterans relative to civilian populations. Increasing physical activity can reduce pain severity and decrease opioid use among patients with chronic pain. Behavioral economic strategies can improve physical activity levels but have been undertested in veterans with chronic pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a financial incentive combined with a loss aversion component—a “regret lottery” in which veterans could win money if they met a set goal or told how much they could have won had they met their goal—would increase physical activity levels among veterans with chronic pain. A 12-week single-blinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04013529) was designed. Veterans with chronic pain (N = 40) receiving care at a specialty pain clinic were eligible for participation, and were randomly assigned (1:1) to either (a) activity trackers and daily text message reminders to increase physical activity (“control arm”), or (b) the same plus a weekly regret lottery (“intervention arm”). For those in the intervention arm, participants who met their activity goal, had a chance to win a small ($30) or large ($100) gift card incentive; those who did not meet their goals were informed of what they would have won had they met their goal. The primary outcome, physical activity, was measured using self-reported physical activity and step counts using activity trackers. Secondary outcomes included changes in physical function, chronic pain severity, depression and opioid use. The sample was primarily white, male and disabled, with an average age of 57 years. No between-arm differences were noted for physical activity, physical function, chronic pain severity, depression or opioid use. Regret lottery-based approaches may be ineffective at increasing physical activity levels in veterans with chronic pain.
Trial Registry: NCT04013529.