bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metoprolol Protects Against Arginine Vasopressin-Induced Cellular Senescence in H9C2 Cardiomyocytes by Regulating the Sirt1/p53/p21 Axis
Authors: Li Qiang , Huang Kang , Ma Tianyi , Lu Shijuan , Tang Shilin , Wu Miao , Yang Hui , Zhong Jianghua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCardiomyocyte senescence is involved in the pathological mechanism of cardiac diseases. Metoprolol is a β1 receptor blocker used for the treatment of hypertension. Recent studies show that Metoprolol can protect cardiomyocytes against ischemia injury. The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of Metoprolol against arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced cellular senescence in cultured cardiomyocytes. The cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity lactate dehydrogenase assay showed that the highest tolerated dosage of Metoprolol in H9C2 cardiomyocytes was optimized as 10 µM. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that Metoprolol significantly ameliorated the elevated level of the DNA oxidation product 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine. Metoprolol also decreased the percentage of senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive cells and improved the telomerase activity under AVP exposure. Moreover, treatment with Metoprolol ameliorated the decreased intracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD+/NADPH) ratio, and Sirtuin1 activity in cardiomyocytes by AVP. Finally, Metoprolol was able to downregulate the AVP-induced expression of acetylated p53 and p21. Taken together, our data reveal that Metoprolol protected the cardiomyocytes from AVP-induced senescence.
Wettkampfbezogene Emotionen im Sport – ein Scoping-Review
Authors: Wetzel Änne , Güldenpenning Iris , Weigelt Matthias 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungJegliche Art von Emotionen im Sport spielen vor allem in Wettkampfsituationen eine bedeutende Rolle, wenn es darum geht, zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt die optimale Leistung abzurufen. Emotionen können Auswirkungen auf der physiologischen, perzeptuell-kognitiven oder behavioralen Ebenen haben. Daher bildet den Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Scoping-Reviews, die Untersuchung der Bedeutung wettkampfbezogener (state) Emotionen von Sporttreibenden. Die Literaturrecherche ergab 1126 Arbeiten, aus denen 15 Studien die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten. Diese wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Themenschwerpunkte betrachtet: 1) Emotionen, Kognitionen und Angst; 2) Emotionen, Leistungsbeurteilung und Stress; 3) Emotionen und Leistungsziele; 4) Unterschiede emotionaler Ausprägung im Geschlecht und Leistungsniveau; 5) Einfluss von Kausalzuschreibungen auf die Emotionen. Anschließend wurden die in den vorgestellten Studien verwendeten emotionserfassenden Messinstrumente betrachtet und vorgestellt. Zusammengefasst erscheint die Erfassung wettkampfbezogener (state) Emotionen rund um das sportliche Geschehen (vor, während, danach) ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der angewandten Sportpsychologie, davon abgeleiteter Emotionsregulationsstrategien und somit der optimalen Leistungserbringung zu sein, auch wenn der (deutschsprachigen) sportpsychologischen Praxis bisher nur begrenzte validierte Messinstrumente vorliegen.
Review of pseudo-three-dimensional modeling approaches in hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Nguyen Hai T. , Lee Jang Hyun , Elraies Khaled A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the field of hydraulic fracture modeling, the pseudo-three-dimensional (P3D) approach is an efficient and practical computational tool serving as a compromise between two-dimensional and planar three-dimensional models. This review discusses the P3D modeling approach from its early developmental stage in the 1980s to the present. The evolution of P3D modeling is drawn over time based on the major differences in the governing formulation and assumptions considered by each model. The problems of equilibrium height growth and vertical viscous fluid resistance (i.e., non-equilibrium height growth) emphasize the primary differences among these models. Besides, the P3D-based complex fracture network models for shale oil and gas reservoirs accounting for the interaction between preexisting natural fractures and induced hydraulic fractures are discussed. Finally, in the application section, several simulations are reported to demonstrate the validation of the P3D numerical algorithm by comparing it with the Perkins–Kern–Nordgren (PKN) large and small asymptotic solutions, as well as the effect of time-dependent variable injection rates on the hydraulic fracture propagation. The results showed a good matching between P3D and PKN solutions and a significant effect of the wellbore variable injection rate on the evolution of the fracture length.
Effect of temperature on the pH of water flood effluents and irreducible water saturation: A study with reference to the Barail sandstone outcrop of the upper Assam Basin
Authors: Neog Dhrubajyoti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLow salinity water flooding (LSWF) is a promising strategy for improving oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs, and recent studies have shown that the recovery with low salinity water injection is a function of not only the salinity and ionic composition but also of the pH of injected brine, temperature, and the combined effect of both on the wetting properties of the clay mineral surfaces. Following brine flooding, the initial wettability of sandstone rock surfaces existed when crude oil, formation water (FW), and rock surface interaction were in chemical equilibrium at reservoir condition changes based on brine pH, salinity, temperature, and clay mineralogy. This study proposes pH, core flood temperature, and irreducible water saturation as key parameters in inducing wettability changes in the sandstone porous media. In the present work, the sandstone cores were subjected to flooding at temperatures of 70 °C, 85 °C, and 105 °C and measured the pH of the discharge effluents and initial or irreducible water saturation with respect to varying temperatures. This paper investigates the rise of the pH gradient and irreducible water saturation, Swir with respect to LS flooding, at increasing temperatures using a Barail sandstone core. The key results include the following:

The pH of the flood effluents increases with increasing core flood temperature, which indicates a shifting of the existing wetting state of the rock.

The combined effects of increasing pH and initial or irreducible water saturation pertaining to low salinity flooding at progressively increasing temperatures result in increasing water wettability of the sandstone rock. Increasing flooding temperatures cause an increase in Swir, which follows a linear relationship.

The findings of the paper highlight the link of increasing pH and irreducible water saturation with the water wetting properties of the sandstone reservoir rock and hence the fluid flow or the oil–water relative permeability behaviour. This paper proposes that increased irreducible water saturation and pH of water flood effluents are connected to increasing water wetness in a sandstone rock as a function of elevated temperatures. As adequate work and consensus on the potential effects of temperature on wettability alteration under low salinity water flooding is still lacking, the current work in relation to the Barail sandstone of the upper Assam basin could be a novel reference for understanding of the importance of temperature dependent wettability alteration behaviour in sandstone cores. The findings of this study can assist in the formation of a novel approach towards considering the increasing irreducible water saturation and pH of the brine effluent as an effect of alternatively injection of low salinity water at elevated temperatures on sandstone porous rock.
Dose-response models to guide site-specific nutrient management and lessons for fertiliser trial design in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Sileshi Gudeta W. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Optimisation of fertiliser use and site-specific nutrient management are increasingly becoming critical because of the growing need to balance agricultural productivity with the growing demand for food and environmental concerns. Trials to determine responses of crops to fertilisers have been widely conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with increasing emphasis on the development of economically optimum rates (EORs). Computation of EORs depends on accurate estimation of both the optimum nutrient rate and the agronomic maximum yield response; however, estimation of nutrient-response parameters and EORs is beset by a number of problems. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to (1) point out common problems in the development and use of nutrient dose-response models and (2) provide corrective measures to facilitate future trial design and data analysis. This review outlines the underlying assumptions, strengths and limitations of the various response functions in order to facilitate informed choices by practitioners. Using specific examples, it also shows that (1) the commonly used trial designs do not allow examination of interactions between two or more nutrients and (2) trial designs with ≤5 nutrient levels and wide spacing between the levels result in large uncertainty in dose-response parameters. The key recommendations emerging from the review are as follows: (1) factorial designs and response surface models should be used more widely to address interactions between nutrients; (2) a minimum of six carefully spaced nutrient levels should be used to correctly estimate dose-response parameters; and (3) when locating field trials, Reference Soil Groups and cropping history should be carefully considered to produce site-specific EORs.
Distribution and Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Sea
Authors: Guo Jinqiang , Liang Shengkang , Wang Xinke , Pan Xiaoju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLarge, river‐dominated estuaries provide important land‐ocean interfaces for biogenic element fluxes that impact global marine biogeochemistry. However, the reactivity and fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in this dynamic region remain not well understood. In this study, three cruises were conducted in February, May, and July 2017 in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent sea (CEAS). Incubation experiments to determine photochemically and/or biologically mediated degradation of terrigenous and marine DOM were performed. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chromophoric DOM (CDOM) absorption, and total dissolved amino acids (TDAAs) were measured. DOM photodegradation and transformation were indicated by the CDOM spectral slope (S275−295) and diagenetic state by DOC‐normalized yields of TDAA [TDAA (%DOC)]. From the river to the open sea, DOC showed non‐conservative mixing and was rapidly removed in low salinity areas. Photodegradation, biodegradation, and photoenhanced biodegradation are important DOC removal mechanisms and exhibit specific responses depending on DOC source and composition. Terrigenous DOM is vulnerable to photodegradation, while marine DOM experiences rapid biodegradation. Contrary to DOC, TDAA (%DOC) increased from the river to the nearshore and then decreased toward the open sea, indicating the contribution of fresh marine plankton production. A box model showed that the annual DOC removal of CEAS was 2.6 ± 1.9 × 106 tons. Seaward increase of ammonium (NH4‐N) was observed in the CEAS; photoammonification, biomineralization of autochthonous and allochthonous DOM are potential NH4‐N regeneration mechanisms. A model was developed to calculate surface DOC concentrations based on CDOM absorption coefficients allowing high‐resolution monitoring of DOC in the CEAS.
Evolution of Acyl Peroxynitrates (PANs) in Wildfire Smoke Plumes Detected by the Cross‐Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) Over the Western U.S. During Summer 2018
Authors: Juncosa Calahorrano Julieta F. , Payne Vivienne H. , Kulawik Susan , Ford Bonne , Flocke Frank , Campos Teresa , Fischer Emily V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use observations of acyl peroxynitrates (PANs) from the Cross‐Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) to investigate PANs over the western U.S. during the summer 2018 wildfire season. This period coincides with the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen (WE‐CAN). When combined with favorable background conditions, the resolution and sensitivity of CrIS is sufficient to observe the production of PANs in smoke plumes. CrIS PANs normalized excess mixing ratios with respect to CO (NEMRs) in the Pole Creek Fire increase from 0.2% to 0.4% within 3–4 hr of physical aging, consistent with in situ NEMRs. CrIS is also able to detect PANs enhancements in plumes that have been transported hours to days downwind. On average for summer 2018, 19–56% of PANs in the free troposphere during the afternoon over the western U.S. can be attributed to smoke.
From Bright Windows to Dark Spots: Snow Cover Controls Melt Pond Optical Properties During Refreezing
Authors: Anhaus P. , Katlein C. , Nicolaus M. , Hoppmann M. , Haas C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMelt ponds have a strong impact on the Arctic surface energy balance and the ice‐associated ecosystem because they transmit more solar radiation compared to bare ice. In the existing literature, melt ponds are considered as bright windows to the ocean, even during freeze‐up in autumn. In the central Arctic during the summer‐autumn transition in 2018, we encountered a situation where more snow accumulated on refrozen melt ponds compared to the adjacent bare ice, leading to a reduction in light transmittance of the ponds even below that of bare ice. Results from a radiative transfer model support this finding. This situation has not been described in the literature before, but has potentially strong implications for example on autumn ecosystem activity, oceanic heat budget, and thermodynamic ice growth.
Subion‐Scale Flux Rope Nested Inside Ion‐Scale Flux Rope in Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: He R. J. , Fu H. S. , Liu Y. Y. , Wang Z. , Liu C. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagnetic flux ropes (MFRs)—transient magnetic structures widely observed in Earth's magnetosphere—play crucial roles in particle acceleration and energy dissipation. MFRs above ion scale have been well studied, while MFRs at subion scales and their coupling with larger‐scale ropes still remains not well understood. In this paper, we present the first observation of a subion‐scale MFR nested in an ion‐scale MFR, using high‐resolution data from the magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) mission. We find that the subion‐scale MFR hosts more intense plasma activity than the ion‐scale MFR, including distinct electron agyrotropy and strong electromagnetic turbulence. In addition, axis of the subion‐scale MFR is oblique to that of the ion‐scale MFR, indicating that their generation may be ascribed to 3D magnetic reconnection. Observations of such cross‐scale structure may shed new lights into understanding energy cascade in space plasmas.
Continuous Tremor Activity With Stable Polarization Direction Following the 2014 Large Slow Slip Event in the Hikurangi Subduction Margin Offshore New Zealand
Authors: Iwasaki Yuriko , Mochizuki Kimihiro , Ishise Motoko , Todd Erin K. , Schwartz Susan Y. , Zal Hubert , Savage Martha K. , Henrys Stuart , Sheehan Anne F. , Ito Yoshihiro , Wallace Laura M. , Webb Spahr C. , Yamada Tomoaki , Shinohara Masanao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany types of slow earthquakes have been discovered at subduction zones around the world. However, the physical process of these slow earthquakes is not well understood. To monitor offshore slow earthquakes, a marine seismic and geodetic experiment was conducted at the Hikurangi subduction margin from May 2014 to June 2015. During this experiment, a large slow slip event (Mw 6.8) occurred directly beneath the ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network. In this study, S‐wave splitting and polarization analysis methods, which have been previously used on onshore data to investigate tremor and anisotropy, are applied to continuous OBS waveform data to identify tremors that are too small to detect by the envelope cross correlation method. Continuous tremor activity with stable polarization directions is detected at the end of the 2014 slow slip event and continued for about 2 weeks. The tremors are generated around a southwest bend in the slow slip contours and at the landward edge of a subducted seamount. Our findings corroborate a previous interpretation, based on burst‐type repeating earthquakes and intermittent tremor, that localized slow slip and tremor around the seamount was triggered by fluid migration following the large plate boundary slow slip event and indicate tremor occurred continuously rather than as isolated and sporadic individual events.
The Top‐of‐Atmosphere, Surface and Atmospheric Cloud Radiative Kernels Based on ISCCP‐H Datasets: Method and Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Yuanchong , Jin Zhonghai , Sikand Monika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to create observation‐based cloud radiative kernel (CRK) datasets and evaluate them by direct comparison of CRK and the CRK‐derived cloud feedback datasets. Based on the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) H datasets, we calculate CRKs (called ISCCP‐FH or FH CRKs) as 2D joint function/histogram of cloud optical depth and cloud top pressure for shortwave (SW), longwave (LW), and their sum, Net, at the top of atmosphere (TOA), as well as, for the first time, at the surface (SFC) and in the atmosphere (ATM). With cloud fraction change (CFC) datasets from doubled‐CO2 simulation and short‐term observational anomalies, we derive all the TOA, SFC and ATM cloud feedback for SW, LW and Net using our CRKs.The direct comparison with modeled and observed CRKs (or cloud radiative effects), cloud feedback from previous model results and the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System products show that our CRKs and CRK‐derived cloud feedback are reasonably well validated. We estimate the uncertainty for the CRK‐derived cloud feedback and show that the CFC‐associated uncertainty contributes >98.5% of the total cloud feedback uncertainty while CRK's is very small. Our preliminary evaluation also shows that some near‐zero/small cloud feedback in the TOA‐alone feedback indeed results from the compensation of sizable cloud feedback of the SFC and ATM feedback and reveals some significant surface and atmospheric cloud feedback whose sum appears insignificant in TOA‐alone feedback. In addition, the atmospheric longwave cloud feedback seems to play a role in enhancing meridional atmospheric energy transport.
Influence of Tundra Polygon Type and Climate Variability on CO2 and CH4 Fluxes Near Utqiagvik, Alaska
Authors: Dengel Sigrid , Billesbach Dave , Torn Margaret S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArctic tundra has the potential to generate significant climate feedbacks, but spatial complexity makes it difficult to quantify the impacts of climate on ecosystem‐atmosphere fluxes, particularly in polygonal tundra comprising wetter and drier polygon types on the scale of tens of meters. We measured CO2, CH4, and energy fluxes using eddy covariance for 7 yr (April to November, 2013–2019) in polygonal tundra near Utqiagvik, Alaska. This period saw the earliest snowmelt, latest snow accumulation, and hottest summer on record. To estimate fluxes by polygon type, we combined a polygon classification with a flux‐footprint model. Methane fluxes were highest in the summer months but were also large during freeze‐up and increased with the warming trend in August–November temperatures. While CO2 respiration had a consistent, exponential relationship with temperature, net ecosystem exchange was more variable among years. CO2 and CH4 exchange (June–September) ranged between −0.83 (Standard error [SE] = 0.03) and −1.32 (SE = 0.04) μmol m−2 s−1 and 13.92 (SE = 0.26)—23.42 (SE = 0.45) nmol m−2 s−1, respectively, and varied interannually (p ≤ 0.05). The maximum‐influence method effectively attributed fluxes to polygon types. Areas dominated by low‐centered polygons had higher CO2 fluxes except in 2016–2017. Methane fluxes were highest in low‐centered polygons 2013–2015 and in flat‐centered polygons in subsequent years, possibly due to increasing temperature and precipitation. Sensible and latent heat fluxes also varied significantly among polygon types. Accurate characterization of Arctic fluxes and their climate dependencies requires spatial disaggregation and long term observations.
A novel Iowa–Mayo validated composite risk assessment tool for allogeneic stem cell transplantation survival outcome prediction
Authors: Nadiminti Kalyan , Langer Kimberly , Shabbir Ehsan , Hefazi Mehrdad , Dozeman Lindsay , Jethava Yogesh , Loeffler Bradley , AlKhateeb Hassan B. , Litzow Mark , Patnaik Mrinal , Shah Mithun , Hogan William , Farooq Umar , Silverman Margarida , Mott Sarah L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative option for many hematologic conditions and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prognostic tools are essential to navigate the complex patient, disease, donor, and transplant characteristics that differentially influence outcomes. We developed a novel, comprehensive composite prognostic tool. Using a lasso-penalized Cox regression model (n = 273), performance status, HCT-CI, refined disease-risk index (rDRI), donor and recipient CMV status, and donor age were identified as predictors of disease-free survival (DFS). The results for overall survival (OS) were similar except for recipient CMV status not being included in the model. Models were validated in an external dataset (n = 378) and resulted in a c-statistic of 0.61 and 0.62 for DFS and OS, respectively. Importantly, this tool incorporates donor age as a variable, which has an important role in HSCT outcomes. This needs to be further studied in prospective models. An easy-to-use and a web-based nomogram can be accessed here: https://allohsctsurvivalcalc.iowa.uiowa.edu/.
Stable isotopes and predation marks shed new light on ammonoid habitat depth preferences
Authors: Machalski Marcin , Owocki Krzysztof , Dubicka Zofia , Malchyk Oksana , Wierny Weronika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmmonoids are extinct cephalopods with external shells which predominated in many late Paleozoic and Mesozoic marine ecosystems. Stable isotope data from ammonoid shells constitute primary tools for understanding their palaeohabitats. However, in most sedimentary successions globally the aragonitic shells of ammonoids are dissolved during fossilisation process and therefore not available for geochemical studies. We overcome this taphonomic bias by analysing the better preservable calcitic elements of the ammonoid jaws (aptychi). We study moulds and aptychi of two successive members, temporal subspecies in our interpretation, of a scaphitid evolutionary lineage from a Late Cretaceous chalk succession in Poland. In order to reconstruct their habitat depth preferences, we apply the powerful combination of stable isotope data from aptychi and co-occurring benthic and planktic foraminifera with an analysis of predation marks preserved on scaphitid specimens. On this basis we conclude that the populations of the older subspecies led a nektic, and those of the younger subspecies, a nektobenthic lifestyle. The shift in habitat depth preferences took place probably as a response of local populations to the shallowing of the sea. Previous studies largely assumed stable depth preferences for ammonoid species, genera and even higher clades. Our study casts doubts over such generalizations by pointing out that ammonoids could have been more flexible in their depth-related behaviour than anticipated.