bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Terekhina N.A. , Goryacheva O.G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases, especially in heart failure. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation play a major role in formation of free radicals and antioxidants. The association between oxidative stress, telomere biology and cell senescence plays the key role in cardiovascular pathology development. The paper considers role of pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in heart pathology development. Specifically, the role of such antioxidant enzymes as glutathione peroxidase 3, catalase, and superoxide dismutase is described. The role of gamma-glutamyl transferase is emphasized as its activity increases significantly in cases of heart failure, coronary heart disease, stroke, arterial hypertensions, and arrhythmias. This article is a literature review of the effect of such antioxidants as alpha-tocopherol, ubiquinone, uric acid, and triiodothyronine on development of heart failure and myocardial infarction. A decrease in triiodothyronine concentration is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. High uric acid values in patients with myocardial infarction upon admission to the hospital are associated with a high risk of sudden death. The influence of such minerals such as zinc, copper, magnesium, selenium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and iron on heart failure development has been analyzed. The role of ceruloplasmin as an independent predictor of acute and chronic cardiac disorders cardiac events, mortality, and bad prognosis in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction is examined. The authors demonstrate the influence of inflammation on heart failure development as well as association of inflammation with oxidative stress.
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus with Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility: An Emerging Trend?
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuo , Khokhlova Olga E. , Wan Tsai-Wen , Akhusheva Darya N. , Reva Ivan V , Peryanova Olga V. , Teng Lee-Jene 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. This class of MRSA, first reported in the early 1960s and now termed healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), was followed by a newer class of MRSA, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). The unique feature of the initial CAMRSA included Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), an abscess-associated toxin and also S. aureus spread factor. CA-MRSA usually causes skin and soft-tissue infections, but occasionally causes invasive infections, including (necrotizing) pneumonia, sometimes preceded by respiratory virus infections. The most successful CA-MRSA USA300 (ST8/SCCmecIVa) caused an epidemic in the United States. In Russia, we first detected PVL-positive CAMRSA (ST30/SCCmecIVc) in Vladivostok in 2006, but with no more PVL-positive MRSA isolation. However, we recently isolated four lineages of PVL-positive MRSA in Krasnoyarsk. Regarding chemotherapy against invasive MRSA infections, vancomycin still remains a gold standard, in addition to some other anti-MRSA agents such as teicoplanin, linezolid, and daptomycin. For resistance, vancomycin-resistant MRSA (VRSA) with MICs of ≥16 μg/mL appeared in patients, but cases are still limited. However, clinically, infections from strains with MICs of ≥1.5 μg/mL, even albeit with susceptible MICs (≤2 μg/mL), respond poorly to vancomycin. Some of those bacteria have been bacteriologically characterized as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA), generally with HA-MRSA genetic backgrounds. The features of the above PVL-positive Krasnoyarsk MRSA include reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, which meets the criteria of hVISA. In this review, we discuss a possible new trend of PVL-positive hVISA, which may spread and threaten human health in community settings.
A tale of two cities: The comparative chrono-urbanism of Brno and Bratislava public transport systems
Authors: Osman Robert , Ira Vladimír , Trojan Jakub 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Time policies in urban environments are discussed in this article, including some difficulties in comparing such policies between cities and in an international comparison of urban times in general. In response to the need to systematise methodological approaches to the comparison of urban time policies, we offer a concrete solution in terms of a comparative chrono-urbanism. The main issues under consideration are the theoretical framings, systematic procedures and an empirical illustration comparing two urban times. The comparison serves as a tool for assessment, when one urban time becomes a criterion for another urban time. This approach is applied in the case of an international comparison of two similar cities – Brno (Czech Republic) and Bratislava (Slovak Republic). Their urban times are operationalised through the timetables of their public transport systems, the lines of which are conceived as the institutional carriers of urban time. Based on the analysis of timetables from 2016, we present a detailed description of urban times of Brno and Bratislava, as well as their comparison, which makes it possible to assess the time policies in both cities, as well as their implications for planning.
A diversity of patterns: 10-year trajectories of men and women diagnosed with psychosis for the first time. A time-geographic approach
Authors: Andersson Gunnel , Vrotsou Katerina , Denhov Anne , Topor Alain , Bülow Per , Ellegård Kajsa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
People with severe mental illness face a different ‘interventional’ landscape compared to some decades ago, when mental hospitals were dominant, in Sweden as well as in the rest of the Western world. The aim of the research reported in this article was to follow men and women diagnosed with psychosis for the first time over a 10-year period, and to explore what interventions they experienced. The interventions, here defined as “spheres”, were either community-based or institutional. A third sphere represents no interventions. Based on data from registers and using a time-geographic approach, the individuals were visualised as 10- year trajectories where their transitions between the different spheres were highlighted. The results show a great diversity of trajectories. Two main categories were detected: two-spheres (community-based and no interventions) and three-spheres (adding institutional interventions). One third of the population experienced only community-based interventions, with a higher proportion of men than women. Consequently, more women had institutional experience. Two sub-categories reveal trajectories not being in the interventional sphere in a stepwise manner before the 10th year, and long-term trajectories with interventions in the 10th year. The most common pattern was long-term trajectories, embracing about half of the population, while one-fifth left the institutional sphere before the 5th year.
Meaningful everyday life projects and activities in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Magnus Eva , Jakobsen Klara , Reidunsdatter Randi Johansen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The time-geographic diary, supplemented by interviews, is presented in this study as a useful method to demonstrate that desirable everyday life projects, with associated activities, may positively influence an individual’s quality of life. Breast cancer survivors can experience challenging everyday life activities due to late effects of treatment. Despite improvements in survivorship follow-up programs, we still lack knowledge about how the women themselves prioritise activities that are positive in everyday life. The aim of the present study was to identify everyday life projects that improve the quality of life in breast cancer survivors. The multi-method design included the time-geographic diary method and in-depth semi-structured interviews, carried out with a sample of fifteen breast cancer survivors. The interviews were performed with stimulus from the diary notes and consecutively analysed by directed content analysis. Meaningful everyday life activities were emphasised, and four projects were generated: 1) To do what is good for my body and soul; 2) To create something that is nice and for joy; 3) To keep my family and social network together; and 4) To keep my mind active. These findings can be directed to the development of more individual and peer-driven health care services.
Preliminary Research of Information Overload from Information Search and Information Follow
Authors: He Tingting 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The major objective of this research is to test if two types of information overload are different: Information overload from searching for the information someone needs to search, and information overload from following all the information someone needs to follow. These two types of information overload may be labelled information search overload and information follow overload, corresponding to the concepts of information search and information follow. Using the data of a survey from a sample of about 1600 respondents across 50 states in the United States, the research identified 2 items corresponding to information search overload and information follow overload, and ran analyses including correlation and logistic regression with the 2 items separately as the dependent variables, and with some other items about consumers’ activities involving information as independent variables. Results of the various analyses suggest that information search overload and information follow overload are different, especially in terms of how they associate with different variables of consumer activities involving information, therefore indicate as a preliminary research that we may separate the two types of information overload in our future research.
Managing Instruments of the Future
Authors: Yudina Nataliya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The studies demonstrated that the sustainable development concept hadn’t hinged the justification on hopes because the previous crisis of the global economy was synchronous in almost all countries in the world. The innovative approach to management of the future and to forming a new concept of the humankind development is very important today. The hypothesis that in the future the culture instrument for management of human activity will have to turn into a third component for a new correction of the humankind ideology in the association of the market and the hierarchy is proposed. The meaning of the humankind history learning is highlighted. But it is also demonstrated the difficulties for the people to learn the Big Data of historical information in details. The new approach to the process of history learning at higher educational establishments is proposed, namely: to learn historical information by the reverse chronological order from the contemporary history step to the old ancient history, from the special to the general: from learning history of the native country to learning history of all countries over the world. It places emphasis that under the conditions of the information chaos anyone might become the author (or several authors) of the global culture of the future as the main threat for the humankind.
Debatable Issues of Personal Values in the Context of Harmonization of Educational Standards of Ukraine and the EU
Authors: Shulhina Liudmyla , Zhaldak Hanna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The necessity and urgency of the gap reducing between the pace of technological and humanitarian development of society in order to prevent the risks caused by the insufficient level of training of users of modern technologies is pointed out. The expediency of strengthening of the humanitarian component in the educational process is substantiated. Based on the method of desk content research, some structural and substantive differences between normative documents are illustrated, the positive influence of harmonization of legislation in the field of education is shown, as well as the development of educational standards on the formulation of personality values in these documents. The group of moral and ethical characteristics of students and teachers of Ukraine and Poland was evaluated. A relatively low level of presence of characteristics that make up the values of the representatives of the surveyed groups is established. Positive and negative dynamics of various indicators are revealed. A comparative evaluation of the studied characteristics between the representatives of Ukraine and Poland was carried out. An explanation of the identified differences is given.
The Evolution of the Role of Forms of Marketing Communication in Influencing Consumers’ Shopping Behavior (Based on Surveys in 1995–2018)
Authors: Mazurek-Łopacińska Krystyna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to present the extent to which consumers use modern and traditional forms of marketing communication about the market offer, depending on the characteristics of these consumers, as well as to recognize the attitudes and market behavior of consumers under the influence these forms of communication, with particular emphasis on online advertising and social media. The basis of the analyzes are the results of the own, nationwide, surveys carried out in 1995, 2001 and 2017/2018. The importance of online information sources in influencing consumer behavior has grown dynamically, but the role of reference groups as a source of information on offers is still relatively large. Despite the increase in critical attitudes towards advertising, it does not significantly reduce its effectiveness in influencing consumers, although the mechanism of this influence is changing, as the strength of the behavioral component of the attitudes studied, is greater compared to the emotional component. Moreover, according to the criterion of age and education, there are significant differences in attitudes and the use of online sources of information between consumer groups, but these differences tend to decrease due to the growing rate of internet penetration. The generation Z’s susceptibility to advertising is relatively the greatest, not only in relation to ads broadcasted on the web, but also offline ads. Consumers from this generation are also more likely to engage in various types of social media activity in shaping the market offer.
Environmental Assessment of Frost-resistant Concrete with Superabsorbent Polymers
Authors: Li Gui , Hasholt Marianne Tange , Jensen Ole Mejlhede 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Air-entraining agents (AEA) are normally used to improve the frost resistance of concrete. However, it is not possible to accurately control the air void system in concrete with AEA. Thus, a significant loss of concrete strength is caused by over-dosing voids, and this increases the environmental impact from concrete structures. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) can also be used to produce frost-resistant concrete. Compared to AEA, it can be used to precisely engineer the air void structure of concrete, promote cement hydration, and mitigate self-desiccation cracks. In this study, life cycle assessment methodology is applied to evaluate the overall environmental impact of frost-resistant concrete based on AEA and SAP, respectively. The results illustrate that frost-resistant concrete with SAP has a lower environmental impact than frost-resistant concrete with AEA if the strength and durability of concrete are considered in the defined functional unit. In addition, frost-resistant concrete with SAP reduces the environmental burdens of the vertical elements such as columns, but it increases the environmental load of the horizontal elements such as slabs, where the strength increase cannot be utilized. Moreover, the inventory data for AEA and SAP can affect the impact assessment results.
Salt-Frost Scaling of Concrete with Slag and Fly Ash - Influence of Carbonation and Prolonged Conditioning on Test Results
Authors: Helsing Elisabeth , Utgenannt Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
According to Swedish experience the slab method in CEN/TS 12390-9 is successful in predicting the salt-frost resistance of Portland cement concrete. However, doubts have been raised whether the same can be said when used on concrete with supplementary cementitious material, e.g. fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Test results from concrete mixes with up to 35 % fly ash 65 % GGBS, with two different Portland cements and a water-to-binder ratio of 0.45 are presented in this paper. The tests were carried out with the standard method and with five modifications concerning the pre-conditioning of the specimens before freeze-thaw cycling. The age of the specimens at sawing was increased, the time in 65 % RH was prolonged and exposure to 1 % CO2-environment was used. The results show that for air-entrained concrete with fly ash or GGBS both prolonging the exposure to 65 % RH and exposure to CO2 diminishes the salt-frost resistance. The influence increases with increasing amount of fly ash or GGBS. However, the type of cement also has a certain influence. The influence of exposure to CO2 on the salt-frost resistance of concrete without entrained air was totally different from the influence on concrete with entrained air.
Alkali-reduced Bauxite Residue as Novel SCM
Authors: Danner Tobias , Sletnes Malin , Justnes Harald 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bauxite residue is a major waste stream available in large volumes globally that can cause risks to the surrounding environment (e.g. ecotoxicity) when disposed and stored by conventional methods. There is yet no large-scale application and the utilization as supplementary cementitious material might be the best way to re-use bauxite residue. The main obstacle for the utilization of bauxite residue in the construction industry is the high alkalinity. This paper presents first results of a study on alkali reduction of bauxite residue by acetic acid treatment and the potential application of this alkali reduced bauxite residue as pozzolan in cementitious binders. A process of alkali reduction is presented that can help solving waste management problems of alumina refineries by transforming bauxite residue to a less hazardous waste, while producing a reactive pozzolan and Na-acetate that can find application in the construction and infrastructure market. 90% alkalinity reduction of bauxite residue could be achieved by simply washing with diluted acetic acid. Alkali-reduced bauxite residue showed good pozzolanic reactivity regarding portlandite consumption, bound water and 28-day compressive strength of mortars with 20% replacement of OPC.
Review of Sprayability of Wet Sprayed Concrete
Authors: Trussell Nicholas , Jacobsen Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Wet sprayed concrete quality is affected by more production factors than cast concrete, particularly due to the propulsion through the nozzle and the flash set caused by the set accelerator. Practitioners often use the term “sprayability” to describe these factors. We propose a definition of “sprayability” that relates the application to the final properties of the hardened sprayed concrete and review factors affecting it: concrete constituents, proportioning, and application mechanics. These factors affect the hardening and the structure of the hardened sprayed concrete – the porosity, permeability and durability. We consider improving sustainability through proportioning with increased share of supplementary cementitious materials, calculate the placed composition and focus on factors that affect water transport, and hence durability. Due to the spray application and flash-set, irregular compaction voids dominate the macro pore structure of sprayed concrete. Studies of permeability of sprayed concrete have shown that it is possible to obtain low permeabilities given adequate composition and curing. Presumably these samples have been well-cured, uncracked and with non-percolating macro voids. Given observations of cracks in sprayed concrete linings and the macro voids, important further studies will be on the effect of accelerator, compaction porosity and cracking on permeability.
Utilization of Bio Ashes in Cement-based Materials: A Case Study in Cooperation with Pulp and Paper and Energy Production Industries in Sweden
Authors: Babaahmadi Arezou , Plusquellec Gilles , L’Hôpital Emilie , Mueller Urs 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Worldwide increased concern of the CO2 emissions has led to the replacement of coal by biomass in combustion-based power plants. However, this would cause the scarcity of fly ash, one of the most well-known rest products from coal combustion, which is used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in construction sector to reduce the large environmental footprint of cement production. Seeking to find alternative SCMs, this article aims to demonstrate the viability of using bio ashes in Sweden as SCM, which, due to lack of studies validating their value, are landfilled today. According to the obtained results, bio ashes produced at pulp and paper industries have a considerably consistent chemical composition and exhibit a satisfactory pozzolanic behaviour. Nevertheless, according to the conclusions of this study, the pozzolanicity of these alternative binders is not reflected equally with respect to the most known reactivity tests for common SCMs. The results imply that although “R3” tests method infers the pozzolanic characteristics of the bio ashes in focus of this study, the “activity index test” as well as “calcium consumption test” indicate otherwise.
Concrete and Sustainability – Some Thoughts from a Swedish Horizon
Authors: Silfwerbrand Johan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Concrete production, especially the cement production, stands for 5-8 percent of the global CO2 emissions. Since concrete is the most frequently used man-made construction materials, this fact is not surprising. Concrete is also the only realistic alternative in order to improve the living circumstances in many countries around the world. Due to its size, the concrete sector has a great responsibility for limiting the consequences of the on-going climate change. The Swedish cement producer Cementa has an ambitious zero vision stating zero CO2 emissions in year 2030. The measures include energy efficiency, bio mass instead of fossil fuels, blended cements, CO2 uptake through carbonation and Carbon Capture Storage (CCS). This paper discusses these measures but also others such as optimization of the concrete mix, optimization of the structural geometry and prolongation of the service life. The paper is ended by a section on adaptation since concrete will also have an important role concerning protection of the built environment for climate change. Protection structures against flood, reconstruction of dams, new waste-water systems and bright permeable concrete pavements reflecting sunlight and improving drainage after heavy rain constitute some examples.