bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐media digital intervention to improve the sexual and reproductive health of female adolescent emergency department patients
Authors: Chernick Lauren S. , Santelli John , Stockwell Melissa S. , Gonzalez Ariana , Ehrhardt Anke , Thompson John L. P. , Leu Cheng‐Shiun , Bakken Susanne , Westhoff Carolyn L. , Dayan Peter S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent females presenting to emergency departments (EDs) inconsistently use contraceptives. We aimed to assess implementation outcomes and potential efficacy of a user‐informed, theory‐based digital health intervention developed to improve sexual and reproductive health for adolescent females in the ED.MethodsWe conducted a pilot‐randomized controlled trial of sexually active female ED patients age 14–19 years. Participants were randomized to the intervention Dr. Erica (Emergency Room Interventions to improve the Care of Adolescents) or usual care. Dr. Erica consists of an ED‐based digital intervention along with 3 months of personalized and interactive multimedia messaging. We assessed the feasibility, adoption, and fidelity of Dr. Erica among adolescent female users. Initiation of highly effective contraception was the primary efficacy outcome.ResultsWe enrolled 146 patients; mean (±SD) age was 17.7 (±1.27) years and 87% were Hispanic. Dr. Erica demonstrated feasibility, with high rates of consent (84.4%) and follow‐up (82.9%). Intervention participants found Dr. Erica acceptable, liking (98.0%, on Likert scale) and recommending (83.7%) the program. A total of 87.5% adopted the program, responding to at least one text; a total of 289 weblinks were clicked. Dr. Erica demonstrated fidelity; few participants opted out (6.9%) and failed to receive texts (1.4%). Contraception was initiated by 24.6% (14/57) in the intervention and 21.9% (14/64) in the control arms (absolute risk difference [ARD] = 2.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –12.4% to 17.8%). Participants receiving Dr. Erica were more likely to choose a method to start in the future (65.9% [27/41]) than controls (30.0% [15/50]); ARD = 35.9%, 95% CI = 16.6% to 55.1%).ConclusionsA personalized, interactive digital intervention was feasible to implement, acceptable to female ED patients and demonstrated high fidelity and adoption. This ED‐based intervention shows potential to improve contraception decision making.
An endemic dung beetle species feeding on kauri snail carrion in Northland, New Zealand
Authors: Langton‐Myers Shelley S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWorldwide, Scarabaeidae are coprophages, feeding on mammalian dung. In New Zealand, endemic Scarabaeidae are restricted to forested habitats, where they have evolved a more generalised diet of carrion and dung from a variety of fauna. The scarab beetle Saphobius sp. A is an undescribed flightless dung beetle endemic to New Zealand. The diet of Saphobius is of interest as these Scarabaeidae have evolved on the isolated New Zealand landmass, in the absence of large forest‐dwelling land mammals. Here, I observe Saphobius sp. A feeding on a non‐dung food source, kauri snail Paryphanta busbyi, Gray, carrion.
PROSPECT guidelines for video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and procedure‐specific postoperative pain management recommendations
Authors: Feray S. , Lubach J. , Joshi G. P. , Bonnet F. , Van de Velde M. ,   the PROSPECT Working Group *of the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy
Published: November 2021

SummaryVideo‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery has become increasingly popular due to faster recovery times and reduced postoperative pain compared with thoracotomy. However, analgesic regimens for video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery vary significantly. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. A systematic review was undertaken using procedure‐specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology. Randomised controlled trials published in the English language, between January 2010 and January 2021 assessing the effect of analgesic, anaesthetic or surgical interventions were identified. We retrieved 1070 studies of which 69 randomised controlled trials and two reviews met inclusion criteria. We recommend the administration of basic analgesia including paracetamol and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐specific inhibitors pre‐operatively or intra‐operatively and continued postoperatively. Intra‐operative intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion may be used, specifically when basic analgesia and regional analgesic techniques could not be given. In addition, a paravertebral block or erector spinae plane block is recommended as a first‐choice option. A serratus anterior plane block could also be administered as a second‐choice option. Opioids should be reserved as rescue analgesics in the postoperative period.
Effect of mixed rearing of barrows and gilts on backfat thickness and serum metabolite profiles of the Kagoshima‐Kurobuta (Berkshire) pig
Authors: Ohkoda Tsutomu , Yoshida Katsunori , Ijiri Daichi , Ohtsuka Akira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigated the effect of mixed rearing of barrows and gilts on the backfat thickness and the serum metabolite profiles of Kagoshima‐Kurobuta (Berkshire) pigs. A total of 149 pigs with an average body weight of 35 kg were divided into the following groups: 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 10%, and 0% groups consisting of 10 barrows (1 pen), 9 barrows + 1 gilt (3 pens), 7 barrows + 3 gilts (2 pens), 5 barrows + 5 gilts (3 pens), 3 barrows + 7 gilts (2 pens), 1 barrow + 9 gilts (3 pens), and 9 gilts (1 pen), respectively. All pigs were raised to a shipping weight of 120 kg. Mixed rearing significantly reduced (p < 0.001) backfat thickness, and the optimum mixing ratio of barrows and gilts was 7:3 (the 70% group). Four types of circulating sex steroids were found in both the barrows and gilts in the 50% group but were not detected in barrows from the 100% group. These results indicated that mixed rearing of barrows and gilts was effective for reducing the backfat thickness of barrows, and induced sex steroid hormones may influence the backfat thickness of barrows in mixed‐reared groups.
Deciphering Late Cretaceous palaeo‐river catchments in eastern Australia: Recognition of distinct northern and southern drainage basins
Authors: Foley Elliot K. , Roberts Eric M. , Knutsen Espen M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the Early Cretaceous, Australia was flooded by the epicontinental Eromanga Sea, deposits of which occur across the Great Australian Superbasin. However, the mid‐Cretaceous retreat of this shallow sea, and the resultant palaeogeographic and sediment distribution patterns, are poorly understood. This study chronicles the Eromanga Sea's northward regression through the Carpentaria Basin as captured in the sedimentary record of the Normanton Formation. We achieve this by integrating sedimentary facies analysis of cores from across the Carpentaria Basin with palynology, sandstone petrography and U‐Pb detrital zircon geochronology. Results indicate that the Normanton Formation was deposited between ca. 100 and 96 Ma, and that it represents a large, northward‐prograding, likely river‐dominated delta system. The unit's volcanoclastic nature is exhibited through abundant lithic volcanics and devitrified glass, with a prominent, near‐depositional detrital zircon population attributed to a proximal continental magmatic arc‐derived source hypothesised to parallel the eastern seaboard of Australia at this time. The Normanton Formation is temporally correlative with the lower‐middle portions of the similarly volcanoclastic Winton Formation in the Eromanga Basin, which drained southwards into the Cenomanian‐Santonian Ceduna River Delta system. However, Normanton Formation strata display subtly different provenance signatures and drainage patterns, indicating input from similar, but likely more northern source terrains than much of the contemporaneous Winton Formation. These sediments were unlikely recycled southwards into the Ceduna Delta like those of the Winton Formation; rather they drained northward following the retreat of the Eromanga Sea through the Carpentaria Basin, indicating a Cretaceous drainage divide between two river systems, with distinct northern and southern drainage catchments. The mid‐Cretaceous palaeogeography of eastern Australia is analogous to that of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America, in which the retreat of a shallow epicontinental sea is marked by the rapid deposition and progradation of multiple large, geographically distinct clastic wedges.
Myocardial injury biomarkers at point of care for early identification of primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation
Authors: Jernryd Victoria , Metzsch Carsten , Andersson Bodil , Smith J. Gustav , Nilsson Johan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a leading cause of 30‐day mortality following heart transplantation, and early intervention in PGD may correlate to improved survival. Our analysis aimed to determine the feasibility of measuring cardiac biomarkers from the donor heart in the early phase for use as a predictor of PGD.Methods: Blood samples from the coronary sinus were obtained at the time of transplantation in hearts preserved by cold static storage. The samples were analyzed for CK‐MB and cTnI with a point‐of‐care method. The primary outcome was severe PGD or the need for veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation within 7 days, referred to as severe graft dysfunction.Results: Of the total cohort (n = 63), eight patients (13%) were diagnosed with severe graft dysfunction within 7 days. Patients with high CK‐MB had an increased risk for severe graft dysfunction with unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of 4.5 (95%CI .96–21.11P = .057) and adjusted OR of 7.4 (95%CI 1.13–48.46,P = .037. Similar but non significant trends were observed for cTnI.Conclusion: By measuring CK‐MB from the coronary effluent in the donor heart, it may be possible to identify patients at increased risk for severe PGD after heart transplantation.
Risk factors for hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes admitted to the Emergency Department of a Hospital in French Guiana
Authors: Poret Fabien , Nacher Mathieu , Pujo Jean , Cauvin Jean‐Michel , Demar Magalie , Massicard Mickael , Sabbah Nadia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionStrict management of glucose levels in elderly people with diabetes or with comorbidities exposes them to the risk of severe hypoglycaemia (capillary or venous glucose ≤3.3 mmol/L) and the associated morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological characteristics of people with diabetes admitted to the Emergency Department in Cayenne, French Guiana for severe hypoglycaemia and identify avoidable behaviours in this population.Materials and MethodsAn observational epidemiological study of adults with diabetes who presented to the Emergency Department with severe hypoglycaemia was conducted between 2015 and 2018. Their medical history, clinical and laboratory data were collected. The primary outcome was the association between therapeutic misuse and age ≥65 years.ResultsOverall, 178 admissions were analysed. The main cause of hypoglycaemia was insulin dosing‐error or inappropriate glycaemic targets. Among those ≥65 years, 59% had a glycated haemoglobin ≤48 mmol/mol (6.5%), and the median duration of their diabetes was 20 years. Among them, 60% were treated with sulfonylurea, repaglinide, biphasic insulin, or mixed drugs, and 48% were on non‐diabetes related treatments that had a hypoglycaemic effect. Furthermore, 23% of the elderly treated with oral antidiabetics had chronic kidney disease.ConclusionMany avoidable risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia have been highlighted, in particular insulin dosing errors or non‐compliance with recommendations for participants ≥ 65 years. Primary care physicians and homecare nurses need to provide preventive interventions and undergo training.
The comparative cardiovascular and renal effectiveness of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists: A Scandinavian cohort study
Authors: Ueda Peter , Wintzell Viktor , Dahlqwist Elisabeth , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann‐Marie , Franzén Stefan , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Melbye Mads , Hviid Anders , Svanström Henrik , Pasternak Björn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the comparative cardiovascular and renal effectiveness of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors versus glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists in routine clinical practice.Materials and MethodsA cohort study of nationwide registers from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, including 87 525 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and 63 921 new users of GLP‐1 receptor agonists, was conducted using data from 2013‐2018. Co‐primary outcomes, analysed using an intention‐to‐treat exposure definition, were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death), heart failure (hospitalization or death because of heart failure), and serious renal events (renal replacement therapy, hospitalization for renal events, and death from renal causes).ResultsUse of SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP‐1 receptor agonists was associated with a higher risk of MACE (adjusted incidence rate: 15.2 vs. 14.4 events per 1000 person‐years; HR 1.07 [95% CI 1.01‐1.15]), a similar risk of heart failure (6.0 vs. 6.0 events per 1000 person‐years; HR 1.02 [0.92‐1.12]), and a lower risk of serious renal events (2.9 vs. 4.0 events per 1000 person‐years; HR 0.76 [0.66‐0.87]). In as‐treated analyses, the HR (95% CI) was 1.11 (1.00‐1.24) for MACE, 0.88 (0.74‐1.04) for heart failure, and 0.60 (0.47‐0.77) for serious renal events. In secondary outcome analyses, use of SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP‐1 receptor agonists was not associated with statistically significant differences for the risk of myocardial infarction (HR 1.09 [95% CI 1.00‐1.19]), cardiovascular death (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.84‐1.12]), death from renal causes (HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.41‐1.35]), or any cause death (HR 1.01 [95% CI 0.94‐1.09]), while the risk of stroke was higher (HR 1.14 [95% CI 1.03‐1.26]), and the risk of renal replacement therapy (HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.56‐0.97]) and hospitalization for renal events (HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.65‐0.88]) were lower among users of SGLT2 inhibitors.ConclusionsUse of SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP‐1 receptor agonists was associated with a similar risk of heart failure and a lower risk of serious renal events, while use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists versus SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a slightly lower risk of MACE. In as‐treated analyses, the associations with MACE and serious renal events increased in magnitude, and the HR for heart failure tended towards a protective association for SGLT2 inhibitors.
Micro ribonucleic acid‐363 regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/threonine protein kinase axis by targeting NOTCH1 and forkhead box C2, leading to hepatic glucose and lipids metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Peng Yu‐Huan , Wang Ping , He Xiao‐Qun , Hong Ming‐Zhao , Liu Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionGlucose metabolic disorder is the main cause for type 2 diabetes progression. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorder are crucial for type 2 diabetes treatment.Materials and MethodsMicro ribonucleic acid (miR)‐363, NOTCH1 and forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) expressions in high glucose (HG)‐treated HepG2 cells and the livers of type 2 diabetes mellitus rats were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of NOTCH1, FOXC2 and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt)‐related proteins were evaluated using western blot. Lipid accumulation was determined using Oil Red O staining. Then glucose consumption, blood glucose level and glycogen content were detected using kits. Finally, dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the binding relationship between miR‐363 and NOTCH1, and the binding relationship between miR‐363 and FOXC2.ResultsMiR‐363 was significantly upregulated in the livers of diabetic rats and HG‐induced HepG2 cells, whereas NOTCH1 and FOXC2 were downregulated. In HG‐induced HepG2 cells, miR‐363 inhibitor markedly increased glucose consumption and uptake, and reduced accumulation of lipid droplets. Then NOTCH1 and FOXC2 were identified as downstream targets of miR‐363. NOTCH1 overexpression or FOXC2 overexpression could ameliorate glucose and lipids metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes model cells. In addition, we found that FOXC2 inhibition abolished the effect of NOTCH1 overexpression on HG‐induced HepG2 cells. Finally, we proved that the PI3K/Akt pathway was the downstream pathway of FOXC2.ConclusionMiR‐363 was considered as a key regulator of glucose and lipids metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which regulated PI3K/Akt axis by targeting NOTCH1 and FOXC2, thus leading to hepatic glucose and lipids metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes.
Temperature‐based phenology model of African citrus triozid (Trioza erytreae Del Guercio): Vector of citrus greening disease
Authors: Aidoo Owusu Fordjour , Tanga Chrysantus M. , Azrag Abdelmutalab G. A. , Mohamed Samira A. , Khamis Fathiya M. , Rasowo Brenda A. , Ambajo Joseph , Sétamou Mamoudou , Ekesi Sunday , Borgemeister Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe African citrus triozid (ACT), Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is the major vector of the ‘Candidatus Liberibacter africanus’, associated with the African citrus greening disease [huanglongbing (HLB)]. Although T. erytreae is a very destructive pest in citrus production with yield losses up to 100%, there is limited information on its thermal biology, which is a prerequisite for developing an environmentally friendly management strategy. This study investigated the effect of temperature on the development and survival of T. erytreae under eight constant temperatures (10, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27 and 30°C), relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 12D:12L. Using Insect Life Cycle Modeling software, we fitted linear and non‐linear models to T. erytreae development and mortality data. The best‐fitted functions were compiled for each life stage to yield a phenology model. Our findings revealed that temperature had a significant effect on the development of all the immature stages. No complete development was observed at 10, 27 and 30°C. The developmental time of eggs ranged from 5.27 days at 24°C to 13.5 days at 15°C. The lowest developmental temperature threshold ranged between 3 and 15°C, with thermal constants ranging between 16.7 and 100 degree‐days. The 1st nymphal instars recorded the highest mortality at 15°C. The highest survival rates of the 3rd instar nymphs were recorded at 20°C. The model predicted that temperatures between 20 and 25°C were optimal for the survival of all the immature life stages, except for the 1st nymphal instars. Our results provide relevant information on the impact of temperature on the development and survival of T. erytreae, which is essential for the development of more efficient management strategies.
Season and species influence stable isotope ratios between lethally and non‐lethally sampled tissues in freshwater fish
Authors: Roberts Karling N. , Lund Taylor , Hayden Brian , Poesch Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe field of stable isotope ecology is moving away from lethal sampling (internal organs and muscle) towards non‐lethal sampling (fins, scales and epidermal mucus). Lethally and non‐lethally sampled tissues often differ in their stable isotope ratios due to differences in metabolic turnover rate and isotopic routing. If not accounted for when using non‐lethal tissues, these differences may result in inaccurate estimates of resource use and trophic position derived from stable isotopes. To address this, the authors tested whether tissue type, season and their interaction influence the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of fishes and whether estimates of species trophic position and resource use are affected by tissue type, season and their interaction. This study developed linear conversion relationships between two fin types and dorsal muscle, accounting for seasonal variation. The authors focused on three common temperate freshwater fishes: northern pike Esox lucius, yellow perch Perca flavescens and lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis. They found that fins were enriched in 13C and depleted in 15N compared to muscle in all three species, but the effect of season and the interaction between tissue type and season were species and isotope dependent. The estimates of littoral resource use based on fin isotope ratios were between 13% and 36% greater than those based on muscle across species. Season affected this difference for some species, suggesting the potential importance of using season‐specific conversions when working with non‐lethal tissues. Fin and muscle stable isotopes produced similar estimates of trophic position for northern pike and yellow perch, but fin‐based estimates were 0.2–0.4 trophic positions higher than muscle‐based estimates for lake whitefish. The effect of season was negligible for estimates of trophic position in all species. Strong correlations existed between fin and muscle δ13C and δ15N values for all three species; thus, linear conversion relationships were developed. The results of this study support the use of non‐lethal sampling in stable isotope studies of fishes. The authors suggest that researchers use tissue conversion relationships and account for seasonal variation in these relationships when differences between non‐lethal tissues and muscle, and seasonal effects on those differences, are large relative to the scale of isotope values under investigation and/or the trophic discrimination factors under use.
Contract farming and everyday acts of resistance: Oil palm contract farmers in the Philippines
Authors: Hambloch Caroline 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContract violations are critical issues determining the success and sustainability of contract farming (CF). This paper challenges the common portrayal of the “powerful” company versus the “powerless” landowners/smallholders by using the literature on labour agency in global value chains to understand minor contract violations of contract farmers such, as side‐selling, refusal to harvest, and burning/felling of oil palm trees. This paper conceptualizes these violations as acts of minor agency or everyday acts of resistance. The analysis highlights how CF has created chains of dependency, in which smallholders are integrated into the modern market economy through new relations of debt and power. In response, contract farmers attempt to influence and shape the CF relation by using these different acts of minor agency. This paper finds that acts of minor agency, in the aggregate, can have important effects on contract relations, governance, and organizational structure of the chain and has the potential to lead to broader changes in the underlying social relations of contract. It highlights howindividualacts of minor agency may contribute to the development of a consciousness ofcollectiveopposition to the contract relation.