bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perforating Arteries of the Lemniscal Trigone: A Microsurgical Neuroanatomic Description
Authors: Tomasi Santino Ottavio , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Scalia Gianluca , Rubio-Rodriguez Roberto Luis , Raudino Giuseppe , Rechberger Julian , Geiger Philipp , Chaurasia Bipin , Yaǧmurlu Kaan , Lawton Michael T. , Winkler Peter A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The perforating arteries in the dorsolateral zone of the midbrain play a crucial role in the functions of the brain stem. Their damage due to herniation, pathological lesions, or surgery, favored by the narrow tentorial incisura, can lead to hemorrhages or ischemia and subsequently to severe consequences for the patient.Objective: In literature, not much attention has been directed to the perforating arteries in the lemniscus; in fact, no reports on the perforators of this anatomical region are available. The present study aims to a detailed analysis of the microanatomy and the clinical implications of these perforators, in relation to the parent vessels. We focused on the small vessels that penetrate the midbrain's dorsolateral surface, known as lemniscal trigone, to understand better their microanatomy and their functional importance in the clinical practice during the microsurgical approach to this area.Methods: Eighty-seven alcohol-fixed cadaveric hemispheres (44 brains) without any pathological lesions provided the material for studying the perforating vessels and their origin around the dorsolateral midbrain using an operating microscope (OPMI 1 FC, Zeiss). Measurements of the perforators' distances, in relation to the parent vessels, were taken using a digital caliper.Results: An origin from the SCA could be found in 70.11% (61) and from the PCA in 27.58% (24) of the hemispheres. In one hemisphere, an origin from the posterior choroidal artery was found (4.54%). No perforating branches were discovered in 8.04% of specimens (7).Conclusion: The perforating arteries of the lemniscal trigone stem not only from the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), as described in the few studies available in literature, but also from the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Therefore, special attention should be paid during surgery to spare those vessels and associated perforators. A comprehensive understanding of the lemniscal trigone's perforating arteries is vital to avoid infarction of the brainstem when treating midbrain tumors or vascular malformations.
Association Between Dietary Quality and Postpartum Depression in Lactating Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Urban China
Authors: Yang Chenlu , Zhao Ai , Lan Hanglian , Ren Zhongxia , Zhang Jian , Szeto Ignatius Man-Yau , Wang Peiyu , Zhang Yumei 
Published: August 2021

Background: Evidence on the effects of dietary quality on the risk of postpartum depression in the Chinese population is limited. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary quality and postpartum depression in Chinses lactating women.Methods: A total of 939 participants from 10 cities were included in this analysis. A one-time 24-h dietary recall was used to obtain the data on food consumption and dietary quality was assessed based on Diet Balance Index. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was considered at a cutoff point of 10 to detect postpartum depression. Poisson regression models were used to explore the association of dietary quality with postpartum depression.Results: Depressed women tended to have a more inadequate intake of vegetables and have more insufficient food variety. The median (25th, 75th) of the overall high bound score (HBS), low bound score (LBS), and diet quality distance (DQD) was 9 (5, 14), 30 (25, 37), and 40 (34, 47), respectively. Compared with subjects with the lowest quartile of LBS, those with the highest quartile of LBS had a higher risk of postpartum depression [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR), 1.08; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.01, 1.15; P for trend, 0.043]. We also observed a significant association between DQD and postpartum depression (Q4 vs. Q1: aPR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14; P for trend, 0.036).Conclusion: Poor dietary quality was associated with postpartum depression in Chinese lactating women.
Promoting physical activity with self-management support for those with multimorbidity: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Khunti Kamlesh , Highton Patrick J , Waheed Ghazala , Dallosso Helen , Redman Emma , Batt Mark E , Davies Melanie J , Gray Laura J , Herring Louisa Y , Mani Hamidreza , Rowlands Alex , Yates Tom 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundTargeted self-management programmes may improve health and increase physical activity (PA) in people with multimorbidity.AimTo investigate the impact of a structured, theoretically driven, self-management group education programme on habitual PA levels in people with multimorbidity.Design and settingIndividually randomised controlled trial with 12-month follow-up, involving nine primary care practices in Leicestershire, UK.MethodIn total, 353 adults with multimorbidity (age 67.8 years [±9 years], 161 male sex) were randomised to intervention (n= 180) or control (n= 173) groups. Intervention participants were invited to attend four group-based self-management sessions, centred primarily on increasing PA, and received motivational text-message support. The primary outcome measure was change in overall volume (time and intensity) of daily PA at 12 months, as measured by the GENEActiv wrist-worn accelerometer device.ResultsAt baseline, the total sample achieved 22 min of moderate–vigorous intensity PA per day (mean/participant). At 12 months, in the complete-case analysis, a reduction in daily mean PA volume was seen in the intervention group relative to control (−0.80 milligravity [mg]; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.57 to −0.03;P= 0.04). Reductions were also seen in the intervention group in time spent in moderate–vigorous PA (−3.86 min per day; 95% CI= −6.70 to −1.03;P= 0.008) and time spent at an intensity equivalent to a slow walk (−4.66 min per day; 95% CI = −8.82 to −0.51;P= 0.028). However, the per-protocol analysis (excluding participants who did not attend at least one education session) found no between-group differences in overall daily PA at 12 months (−0.65 mg; 95% CI = −1.46 to 0.15;P= 0.11).ConclusionThe self-management programme elicited a slight reduction in PA levels in people with multimorbidity. Future research should identify and target subgroups of those with multimorbidity in greatest need of PA promotion in order to maximise potential capacity for benefit, and also focus on refining the intervention in order to increase efficacy in increasing PA.
Reverse bias annealing effects in N-polar GaN/AlGaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Prasertsuk Kiattiwut , Suemitsu Tetsuya , Matsuoka Takashi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reverse bias annealing (RBA) is applied to N-polar GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to improve the quality of the gate stack interface. As demonstrated for Ga-polar HEMTs, RBA improves the stability of the gate stack interface. However, the decrease in the maximum drain current density is observed as a unique phenomenon for the N-polar HEMTs. The calculation of the band profile suggests that in the N-polar HEMTs the electrons injected from the gate electrode by the reverse bias accumulate at the gate stack interface in the extrinsic gate region. This promotes the electron trapping in the gate stack, which results in an increase in the source access resistance by the virtual gate phenomenon. In the Ga-polar HEMTs, the electrons tend to accumulate at the AlGaN/GaN interface rather than the gate stack interface, which gives less chance of the virtual gate phenomenon.
Keefektifan Trichoderma sp. dalam Mengendalikan Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Novita Nira , Firmansyah Efrin , Isnaeni Selvy 
Published: August 2021

Agens pengendali hayati (APH) selain dapat membatasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan, APH juga berperan dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem lingkungan pertanian. Trichoderma sp. merupakan salah satu agens pengendali hayati yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah salah satunya Fusarium sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Trichoderma sp. terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan keevektivan dalam mengendalikan layu fusarium tanaman mentimun. Rancangan yang di gunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Screen House Satuan Pelayanan BPTPH Wil V Tasikmalaya. Perlakuan penelitian yaitu Dosis Trichoderma sp. 0 g tan-1 (kontrol), 25 g tan-1,50 g tan-1, 75 g tan-1, 100 g tan-1. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan taraf α 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak adanya kejadian serangan penyakit fusarium pada tanaman dengan perlakuan dosis Trichoderma sp. maupun perlakuan kontrol, hal tersebut diduga bahwa keadaan lingkungan tidak sesuai bagi pertumbuhan cendawan Fusarium sp.. Dosis Trichoderma sp. 75 g tan-1 memeberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang optimal pada tanaman mentimun.
La Formación docente en el trabajo con el cuerpo y el movimiento en Educación Inicial
Authors: Martin Cardinal María Consuelo 
Published: August 2021

El artículo propone unas reflexiones frente al lugar del cuerpo y el movimiento en la educación inicial, a partir de un ejercicio de sistematización de la práctica docente e investigativa; entendiendo al cuerpo y al movimiento como ejes centrales del trabajo pedagógico; busca presentar las características de la formación en este campo, que pasan por la vivencia, evocación y reflexión del propio ser corporal. Concluyendo que la formación y el ejercicio profesional requieren una mirada donde la seguridad y la escucha sean principios rectores de la acción educativa.
Experiencias innovadoras en el ámbito de la educación infantil en España. El valor de las relaciones intergeneracionales.
Authors: Montero García Inmaculada , Baena Reina Teresa 
Published: August 2021

La educación infantil es, en la actualidad, una oportunidad de desarrollo de capacidades para la integración de los niños y niñas en el mundo que les rodea. En este proceso, las personas mayores tienen mucho que aportar, puesto que son una fuente de experiencias y conocimientos de la que se puede nutrir toda la sociedad. Más adelante exponemos los nuevos roles y percepciones de los niños hacia las personas mayores como base de la intergeneracionalidad, mientras que, para finalizar el artículo, se presenta la experiencia de OFECUM como asociación intergeneracional.
La Web Victoriana y el Curso Victoriano Wiki: comparación de la eficacia educativa de tareas idénticas en la Web 1.0 y la Web 2.0
Authors: Landow George 
Published: August 2021

El autor del presente texto pronunció un discurso en Porto, Portugal, para el WikiSym 2008, realizado en septiembre del mismo año, titulado ‘’Cuando una Wiki no es una Wiki: veinte años de la Web Victoriana’’, en el que argumentó que los 45.000 documentos que conforman la www.victorianweb.org funcionan como una Wiki moderada y que, por lo tanto, la Web 1.0 puede funcionar para propósitos educativos tan bien como la Web 2.0, además, afirmó que ha sido así durante muchos años.Con esto en mente, Landow asumió el reto de emplear una Wiki real y para hacerlo enseñó el mismo curso, con las mismas tareas estudiantiles semanales, durante los siguientes dos años (2009, 2010); en 2009 utilizó el sitio Web antes mencionado, mientras que en 2010 empleó una Wiki cerrada, protegida con contraseña. En el presente artículo se realiza una breve descripción de la composición, historia y autoría de la Web Victoriana y de los componentes claves que han existido en múltiples ambientes hipermedia desde su creación en 1988, para el proyecto de Intermedia de la Universidad de Brown. Además, se presenta la tarea realizada, explicando sus metas, para finalmente establecer los resultados de esta experiencia haciendo un listado de las ventajas y desventajas del uso de la Wiki para los docentes, estudiantes y el sitioWeb correspondiente.
Kwitara Santayá u’wbohiná-kueshro. Con-jugando patrimonios corporales ancestrales en Bosa: territorio Muisca de Bogotá
Authors: Panqueba Cifuentes Jairzinho Francisco 
Published: August 2021

En el debate actual entre culturas y corporalidades, las herencias lúdicas nos ofrecen caminos de interculturalidades y con-juegos. En el territorio Muisca de Bosa hemos recorrido las memorias de las ancestras y los ancestros que dejaron en nuestros cuerpos como ofrendas, sus saberes milenarios. Hoy, entre iniciativas multiculturales de danzas, músicas y juegos, identificamos metodologías de investigación interculturales que nos remiten a establecer entre historia, cotidianidad, teoría y práctica, un con-juego de patrimonios corporales ancestrales.
El maestro y la maestra, como productores de saber y conocimiento, refundamentan el saber escolar en el siglo XXI
Authors: Mejía Marco Raúl 
Published: August 2021

Esta investigación presenta caminos y perfiles muy claros, con los cuales el maestro y la maestra, en tanto productores de saber y conocimiento, se ven en la obligación de reformular críticamente su manera de ser docentes aquí y ahora, contando con las características de un mundo globalizado que se transforma y que al hacerlo implica modificaciones profundas en los procesos inherentes a las prácticas disciplinares y las profesiones. Por ello, el planteamiento básico del presente texto es que es necesario aprovechar la discusión sobre la ciencia y la investigación, para reposicionar al maestro como sujeto investigador a partir, en y desde su práctica, lo cual requiere de una serie de desplazamientos en la forma de entender su condición, su quehacer y su investigación.
Organización de los docentes y recreación del saber
Authors: Chiroque Chunga Sigfredo 
Published: August 2021

Profesores del Perú, organizados en pequeños grupos, han recreado la categoría “saber” y también el sentido que deberían tener las innovaciones educativas. En ambos casos, la creación de los docentes se inscribe en el marco de la Educación Popular y de la pedagogía crítica. En el presente documento se sistematiza la experiencia de esta propuesta de educación para el cambio social, la cual se ve amenazada por los avances del neoliberalismo en el Perú. Esto afecta la objetividad y subjetividad de los docentes en su proceso creativo.
Educación, cultura y ciudad: São Paulo, una metrópoli de ebullición (1950)
Authors: Castilho Gonçalves Mauro 
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo de investigación analiza las condiciones históricas y sociales que llevaron a cambios en São Paulo, sobre todo en la década de 1950, destacando los detalles de los campos de la cultura y la educación. Para resaltar, entre otros elementos, la educación escolar y sus manifestaciones intrínsecas, incluidas las cuestiones y problemas que guiaron los debates y la institucionalización / masificación de la red de educación en sus diferentes segmentos, los individuos involucrados, sus ideas y acciones. El movimiento histórico, así entendido, analizará las relaciones dialécticas entre la categoría de la ciudad, la cultura y la educación.
Reflexiones para un docente líder
Authors: Bonnet Dora 
Published: August 2021

El liderazgo, fundamental para la formación profesional actual, se centra en la administración educativa y poco en los profesores en la clase. Este artículo reflexivo revisa atributos del ‘ser’ docente líder como ‘persona’ y 'mente', a partir de las teorías de Gardner (-Leading Minds-), Maslow (Jerarquía de Necesidades), y Goleman y Senge (Triple Focus Approach). El artículo describe el liderazgo y su rol en la formación de docentes, continúa proponiendo atributos según el enfoque S.E.P.A.S (término propio: Sentir, Expresar, Pensar, Actuar, Saber) y finaliza con interrogantes para la reflexión de docentes.
Habitability and Biosignatures of Hycean Worlds
Authors: Madhusudhan Nikku , Piette Anjali A. A. , Constantinou Savvas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate a new class of habitable planets composed of water-rich interiors with massive oceans underlying H2-rich atmospheres, referred to here as Hycean worlds. With densities between those of rocky super-Earths and more extended mini-Neptunes, Hycean planets can be optimal candidates in the search for exoplanetary habitability and may be abundant in the exoplanet population. We investigate the bulk properties (masses, radii, and temperatures), potential for habitability, and observable biosignatures of Hycean planets. We show that Hycean planets can be significantly larger compared to previous considerations for habitable planets, with radii as large as 2.6 R
⊕ (2.3 R
⊕) for a mass of 10 M
⊕ (5 M
⊕). We construct the Hycean habitable zone (HZ), considering stellar hosts from late M to Sun-like stars, and find it to be significantly wider than the terrestrial-like HZ. While the inner boundary of the Hycean HZ corresponds to equilibrium temperatures as high as ∼500 K for late M dwarfs, the outer boundary is unrestricted to arbitrarily large orbital separations. Our investigations include tidally locked “Dark Hycean” worlds that permit habitable conditions only on their permanent nightsides and “Cold Hycean” worlds that see negligible irradiation. Finally, we investigate the observability of possible biosignatures in Hycean atmospheres. We find that a number of trace terrestrial biomarkers that may be expected to be present in Hycean atmospheres would be readily detectable using modest observing time with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We identify a sizable sample of nearby potential Hycean planets that can be ideal targets for such observations in search of exoplanetary biosignatures.
Tracing PAH Size in Prominent Nearby Mid-Infrared Environments
Authors: Knight C. , Peeters E. , Stock D. J. , Vacca W. D. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present observations from the First Light Infrared TEst CAMera (FLITECAM) on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), and the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph SH mode in three well-known photodissociation regions, the reflection nebulae (RNe) NGC 7023 and NGC 2023 and to the southeast of the Orion Bar, which are well suited to probe emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules (PAHs). We investigate the spatial behavior of the FLITECAM 3.3 μm filter as a proxy for the 3.3 μm PAH band, the integrated 11.2 μm PAH band, and the IRAC 8.0 μm filter as a proxy for the sum of the 7.7 and 8.6 μm PAH bands. The resulting ratios of 11.2/3.3 and IRAC 8.0/11.2 provide an approximate measure of the average PAH size and PAH ionization, respectively. In both RNe, we find that the relative PAH ionization and the average PAH size increase with decreasing distance to the illuminating source. The average PAH sizes derived for NGC 2023 are greater than those found for NGC 7023 at all points. Both results indicate that PAH size is dependent on the radiation field intensity. These results provide additional evidence of a rich carbon-based chemistry driven by the photochemical evolution of the omnipresent PAH molecules within the interstellar medium. In contrast, we did not detect a significant variation in the average PAH size found in the region southeast of the Orion Bar and report a peculiar PAH ionization radial profile.
Observing the Inner Shadow of a Black Hole: A Direct View of the Event Horizon
Authors: Chael Andrew , Johnson Michael D. , Lupsasca Alexandru 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Simulated images of a black hole surrounded by optically thin emission typically display two main features: a central brightness depression and a narrow “photon ring” consisting of strongly lensed images superimposed over the direct emission. The photon ring closely tracks a theoretical curve on the image plane corresponding to light rays that asymptote to bound photon orbits. The size and shape of this critical curve are purely governed by the Kerr geometry; in contrast, the size, shape, and depth of the observed brightness depression depend on the details of the emission region. For instance, images of spherical accretion models display a distinctive dark region—the “black hole shadow”—that completely fills the photon ring. By contrast, in models of equatorial disks extending to the event horizon, the darkest region in the image is restricted to a much smaller area—an inner shadow—whose edge lies near the direct lensed image of the equatorial horizon. Using both general relativistic MHD simulations and semi-analytic models, we demonstrate that the photon ring and inner shadow may be simultaneously visible in submillimeter images of M87*, where magnetically arrested disk simulations predict that the emission arises in a thin region near the equatorial plane. We show that the relative size, shape, and centroid of the photon ring and inner shadow can be used to estimate the black hole mass and spin, breaking degeneracies in measurements of these quantities from the photon ring alone. Both features may be accessible to direct observation via high-dynamic-range images with a next-generation Event Horizon Telescope.
The Bulk Flow Velocity and Acceleration of the Inner Jet in M87
Authors: Punsly Brian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A high sensitivity, 7 mm Very Long Baseline Array image of M87 is analyzed in order to estimate the jet velocity within 0.65 mas of the point of origin. The image captured a high signal-to-noise, double-ridged, counter-jet extending ∼1 mas from the nucleus. After defining conditions and requirements that justify approximate time averaged bilateral symmetry, a continuous set of Lorentz transformations are found that map the double-ridged counter-jet intensity profile into the double-ridged jet intensity profile. The mapping is realized by a uniformly accelerating flow with intrinsic velocity of ∼0.27c at 0.4 mas (a de-projected distance of 0.38 lt-yr) to 0.38c at 0.65 mas (a de-projected distance of 0.61 lt-yr) from the nucleus. Since the velocity field is derived from the global surface brightness profile and does not depend on the motion of enhanced features, it is most likely a bulk flow velocity as opposed to a pattern velocity. This interpretation is corroborated by the fact that the distribution of the apparent velocities of previously identified individual features (from the literature) within 0.65 mas of the nucleus are consistent with local hydrodynamic shocks being advected with the local bulk flow velocity. The bulk flow velocity of the visible inner jet is a constraint that can potentially break degeneracies between numerical simulations that are designed to replicate both the annulus that was imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope as well as the base of the inner jet.