bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les gagnants et les perdants de l'emploi informel en Indonésie
Authors: ABLAZA Christine , WESTERN Mark , TOMASZEWSKI Wojtek 
Published: April 2021

RésuméDans la plupart des études, les travailleurs de l’économie informelle sont présentés comme un tout homogène. Les auteurs considèrent pourtant qu'il peut y avoir parmi eux des gagnants et des perdants. En utilisant des régressions quantiles sur distribution non conditionnelle et des données issues d'une enquête auprès des ménages indonésiens (IFLS), ils estiment l’écart de rémunération entre travailleurs formels et travailleurs informels à différents points de la répartition des gains. Ils montrent que la pénalité de revenu aux dépens des travailleurs informels, manifeste et sensible pour certains d'entre eux, n'est pas systématique, confirmant ainsi la thèse de Fields (1990 et 2005) sur l'emploi informel hétérogène.
COVID‐19 and ESG preferences: Corporate bonds versus equities
Authors: Singh Amanjot 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI examine investors' within ESG investment preferences during the COVID‐19 pandemic by investigating the return spillover effects across the three different corporate bonds and equities‐based investment strategies. Investors prefer making investments in ESG leaders in the investment‐grade corporate bond market over ESG leaders in the equity and high yield corporate bond markets during times of uncertainty. It suggests that capital flows away from high yield corporate bond and equity markets to the investment‐grade corporate bond market. Investors find refuge in firms with relatively higher ESG ratings and creditworthiness in the fixed income market over the equity market during crisis periods.
A critical review of bioceramics for magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Sedighi Omid , Alaghmandfard Amirhossein , Montazerian Maziar , Baino Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMagnetic hyperthermia (HT) using biocompatible ceramics is a ground‐breaking, competent, and safe thermo‐therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The magnetic properties of bioceramics, along with their structure and synthesis parameters, are responsible for the controlled heating of malignant tumors and are the key to clinical success. After providing a brief overview of magnetism and its significance in biomedicine, this review deals with materials selection and synthesis methods of bioceramics/glasses used for HT. Relevant research carried out on promising bioceramics for magnetic HT, with a focus on their size, shape, surface functionalization, magnetic field parameters, and in vitro/in vivo properties to optimize cancer therapy, is also discussed. Recent progress in magnetic HT combined with chemotherapy and phototherapy is especially highlighted, with the aim to provide interdisciplinary knowledge to advance further the applications of bioceramics in this field.
Quantitative genetics of extreme insular dwarfing: The case of red deer on Jersey
Authors: Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F. , Santos Ana M. C. , Barreto Elisa , Naves Felipe , Santos Wanderson , Souza Kelly Silva , Santos‐Silva Rejane , Dobrovolski Ricardo , Soares Thannya Nascimento , Tidon Rosana , Spigoloni Zander Augusto , Rangel Thiago F. , Raia Pasquale , Hortal Joaquín , Jardim Lucas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe Island Rule—that is, the tendency for body size to decrease in large mammals and increase in small mammals on islands has been commonly evaluated through macroecological or macroevolutionary, pattern‐orientated approaches, which generally fail to model the microevolutionary processes driving either dwarfing or gigantism. Here, we seek to identify which microevolutionary process could have driven extreme insular dwarfism in the extinct dwarf red deer population on the island of Jersey.LocationJersey, UK (Channel Islands).TaxonRed deer (Cervus elaphus).MethodsWe applied an individual‐based quantitative genetics model parameterized with red deer life‐history data to study the evolution of dwarfism in Jersey's deer, considering variations in island area and isolation through time due to sea level changes.ResultsThe body size of red deer on Jersey decreased fast early on, due to phenotypic plasticity, then kept decreasing almost linearly over time down to the actual body size of the Jersey deer (36 kg on average). Only 1% of 10,000 replicates failed to reach that size in our simulations. The distribution of time to adaptation in these simulations was right skewed, with a median of 395 generations (equivalent to roughly 4 kyr), with complete dwarfism effectively occurring in less than 6 kyr 84.6% of times. About 72% of the variation in the time to adaptation between simulations was collectively explained by higher mutational variance, the number of immigrants from the continent after isolation, available genetic variance, heritability, and phenotypic plasticity.Main ConclusionsThe extreme dwarfing of red deer on Jersey is an expected outcome of high mutational variance, high immigration rate, a wide adaptive landscape, low levels of inbreeding, and high phenotypic plasticity (in the early phase of dwarfing), all occurring within a time window of around 6 kyr. Our model reveals how extreme dwarfism is a plausible outcome of common, well‐known evolutionary processes.
Teacher‐created video instruction in the elementary classroom—Its impact on students and teachers
Authors: Torrington Jodie , Bower Matt 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the proliferation of multimedia devices in elementary classrooms, there is limited research examining teacher‐created video instruction, particularly regarding its effect on academic growth and engagement. This study investigated the effect of teacher‐created computer‐based video instruction (CBVI) using iPads on students' academic, behavioural and affective learning in elementary classrooms. The study used a repeated‐measures design with counterbalancing to measure the effects of CBVI during mathematics lessons on student achievement scores, time on‐task and attitudes towards learning. Three year three classes (n = 49) completed three lessons, each using a different mode of instruction: CBVI created by the class teacher, CBVI created by a stranger, and a traditional live lesson delivered by the class teacher. Results were analysed using a Linear Mixed Model. No significant growth in performance was detected during video instruction, however a significant growth result was achieved for the traditional live teaching mode (p < 0.001), possibly attributable to the longer duration of experimental session. Behavioural engagement was considerably higher during CBVI lessons than live lessons and students preferred their teacher's voice during CBVI. Three teachers were interviewed to examine how CBVI affected teaching and learning, with two main themes emerging: (1) positive impacts of CBVI upon students; and (2) positive impacts on teacher wellbeing. This research indicates benefits for students and teachers when using teacher‐created CBVI. Further research is needed to better understand the factors that influence cognitive development of students using CBVI and to also further explore the effect of CBVI on teacher wellbeing.
Playing the Market Card: The Commission's Strategy to Shape EU Cybersecurity Policy
Authors: Brandão Ana Paula , Camisão Isabel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs EU security is an intergovernmental policy area, it has been assumed that the only relevant policy‐shapers are member states. However, more recent analyses show that supranational actors, like the Commission, have developed strategies to enhance their role in this traditionally interstate realm. This article endorses this reasoning and intends to cast some light on these strategies. Building on Kingdon's concept of the policy entrepreneur and using EU's cybersecurity policy as an empirical case, we analyse the Commission's initiatives to draft a European response to cybercrime, in order to answer one central research question: how has the Commission managed to secure a prominent role in a highly salient security issue? The findings suggest that the Commission, acting as a policy entrepreneur, purposefully explored a market–security nexus in order to influence an otherwise intergovernmental security domain. Ultimately, the Commission was a much more relevant player than expected.
A national profile of kinlessness at the end of life among older adults: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Plick Natalie P. , Ankuda Claire K. , Mair Christine A. , Husain Mohammed , Ornstein Katherine A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe majority of end‐of‐life (EOL) caregiving is provided by unpaid family members. An increasing number of older adults are kinless (without close family/partnerships) and may have insufficient caregiver support to remain at home at the EOL. We therefore determined what proportion of older adults are kinless at the EOL and assessed the association of kinlessness with EOL care.DesignRetrospective analysis of Health and Retirement Study decedents, 2002–2015.SettingUS population‐based sample.ParticipantsDecedents age 51+ who died within 1 year of interview (n = 3844) and subset who are community‐dwelling at last interview.MeasurementsKinlessness was defined as lacking a spouse/partner and children. Primary outcome measure was location of death. Secondary outcome measures included contextual EOL measures such as symptom burden and caregiver support.ResultsA total of 7.4% of decedents were kinless at the EOL. Kinless decedents were more likely to be female, nonwhite, enrolled in Medicaid, living alone, or living in a nursing home prior to death. Although community‐dwelling kinless decedents received fewer hours of caregiving per week at the EOL (34.7 vs. 56.2, p < 0.05) and were more likely to die in nursing homes (18.1% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.05) than those with kin, they did not have higher EOL symptom burden or treatment intensity (e.g., intensive care unit use). In multinomial logistic analysis controlling for demographic and illness characteristics, kinless decedents living in the community before death had a twofold increased risk of dying in the nursing home (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–3.72]) and a trend toward increased risk of hospital death (OR = 1.60 [95% CI = 0.96–2.69]) versus home setting.ConclusionsKinless individuals are more likely to die in nursing homes, even if they are living in the community in their last year of life. Expanded long‐term care services and policies are needed to enable all older adults regardless of their family support systems to receive high‐quality EOL care.
A heuristic method to identify optimum seismic retrofit strategies for critical infrastructure systems
Authors: Liu Chuang , Ouyang Min , Wang Naiyu , Mao Zijun , Xu Xiaolin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRetrofitting critical components of a critical infrastructure system to improve its seismic performance has been considered as the most frequently used mitigation strategy in both literature and practice. This article mainly studies this mitigation strategy and formulates the seismic retrofit optimization problem for critical infrastructure systems under a limited retrofit budget in a general form, and then proposes a heuristic method to solve the problem efficiently in terms of the optimality gap and the computational cost. The proposed method mainly includes three steps: (1) generates a limited number of component damage scenarios to reformulate the problem as an approximated model; (2) adopts a component importance‐based method to reduce the solution space and applies the integer L‐shaped method to solve the approximated model; (3) employs the sample average approximation method to enhance the solution quality. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, it is applied to identify the optimal retrofit strategies for the Shelby power transmission system, the IEEE 14‐bus test system, and the IEEE 118‐bus test system and also compared with several existing methods. Results show that the proposed method is significantly more efficient than those existing methods. For the IEEE 14‐bus test system, the proposed method gets almost exact solutions, with errors less than 0.29%; for the other two systems, it returns the best solutions among all methods under various retrofit budgets.
Stochastic resource leveling optimization method for trading off float consumption and project completion probability
Authors: Gwak Han‐Seong , Lee Dong‐Eun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExisting resource leveling (RL) approaches fall short of analyzing the trade‐off relation between the total float consumption and project completion probability in a real‐life project RL problem. This article presents a stochastic resource leveling optimization (SOLO) method that minimizes the total float consumption along with maximizing the project completion probability. It initializes the earliest start times of noncritical activities, measures the level of resource fluctuations of each candidate solution, computes the probability of completing a project in a target deadline by executing simulation‐based scheduling, and identifies optimal solution(s) (i.e., optimal start times of noncritical activities) by implementing genetic algorithm, thereby identifying an optimal resource‐leveled baseline. The study is of value to practitioners because SOLO considers both the amount of total float consumption and project completion probability. This study facilitates experimentation with different computation time‐saving options given various constraints (i.e., the residual of project completion probabilities, threshold of release and rehire, ratio of criticality index, and number of critical activities). Test cases verify the validity of the computational method.
The antroduodenal transition time is prolonged in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Brock Christina , Liao Donghua , Wegeberg Anne‐Marie , Mohr Drewes Asbjørn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe gastroparetic syndrome encompasses antral hypomotility, gastric dysrhythmia, impaired antroduodenal coordination, pyloric dysfunction, and abnormal duodenal motility; the last three collectively referred to as pylorospasms. We hypothesized that antroduodenal motility is diminished and transition time is prolonged in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and polyneuropathy.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 124 participants, of which 21 were healthy, 53 had T1D and 50 had T1D with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (T1D + DSPN). We used the wireless motility capsule to assess antroduodenal transition time, gastric emptying time, gastric and small bowel motility indices (MI), and numbers of alkalic/acidic exposures.ResultsIn comparison with controls, patients with T1D had prolonged antroduodenal transition time (1.85±1.5 vs. 6.6±4.8 minutes; p=0.02), which was even more pronounced in patients with T1D+DSPN (1.85±1.5 vs. 17.8±28.5 minutes; p<0.008. T1D+DSPN tended to have diminished gastric MI (11.9±2.4 vs. 12.7±1.0, p=0.07) and small bowel MI (13.1±1.4 vs. 13.6±0.6, p=0.05) and experienced more antral/pyloric alkalic episodes (1.2±1.3 vs. 2.0±2.1, p=0.02) compared with controls.ConclusionThe current method may assess a proxy for severity of pylorospasms in patients with diabetes and other diseases associated with upper gastrointestinal motility disorders, which ultimately may optimize future management.
The OsIME4 gene identified as a key to meiosis initiation by RNA in situ hybridization
Authors: Zhou W. , Li Z. , Zhang J. , Mou B. , Zhou W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The formation of asexual seeds in plants holds great promise as a breeding system for one‐line hybrid rice. Entry into meiosis is a key developmental decision in gametogenesis, especially in formation of asexual seeds in plants. Apomeiosis in MeMCs can be achieved by identifying and manipulating meiosis‐specific genes.

Using methods based on in situ hybridization and expression analysis, we identified OsIME4 (inducer of meiosis 4) sense and antisense transcripts involved in rice meiosis initiation, similar to initiation of meiosis in budding yeast.

Our data suggest that the OsIME4 sense transcript, which encodes a putative mRNA N6‐adenosine methyltransferase, keeps rice cells at mitosis stage through some form of epigenesis (DNA/RNA methylation), and the non‐coding antisense transcript of OsIME4 converts the cell status from mitosis to meiosis by inhibiting expression (transcription and translation) of the sense transcript. We identified that the non‐coding antisense transcript of OsIME4 converts archesporial cell status from mitosis to meiosis by inhibiting expression of the OsIME4 sense transcript in rice.

Our results provide novel insights into meiosis initiation in rice and for engineering of apomixis in sexual crops by manipulating the OsIME4 sense and antisense transcripts, which has great promise for producing apomictic rice in the future.
Ethnicity or Policy? The Conditioning of Intergroup Trust in the Context of Ethnic Conflict
Authors: Carlin Ryan E. , González Roberto , Love Gregory J. , Miranda Daniel Andres , Navia Patricio D. 
Published: April 2021

How do stances on public policies aimed at ethnic conflict resolution affect intergroup trust? Building on theories of prosociality, social identity, and intergroup bias, we expect redistributive policy preferences meant to resolve ethnic conflict to replace ethnicity as the main barrier to intergroup trust because their zero‐sum nature raises intergroup threat. We test our expectations in Chile's ongoing indigenous/nonindigenous conflict using behavioral trust games embedded in an online nationally representative quota survey (n = 1105). Results align with our expectation. Namely, a lack of shared ethnic identity between nonindigenous Chileans and indigenous Mapuche does not lower intergroup trust. However, shared stances on a policy that would raise taxes to spur development in indigenous communities do increase intergroup trust discrimination. We probe the psychological mechanism—meaningful policy‐based group identities—by testing whether trustor indigenous identification and trustor political ideology moderate the effect of trustee policy stances on intergroup trust. Results are consistent with our assumption that shared policy stances can, indeed, form the basis of a meaningful social identity. Hence the very policies meant to end intergroup conflict could potentially perpetuate or redirect it to institutional channels of representation.
Histone acetylation of 45S rDNA correlates with disrupted nucleolar organization during heat stress response in Zea mays L.
Authors: Yue Mengxia , Gautam Mayank , Chen Zhenfei , Hou Jiaqi , Zheng Xueke , Hou Haoli , Li Lijia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe role of the nucleolus in plant response to heat stress remains largely obscure. Our current efforts focused on exploring the underlying mechanism by which nucleolar disorganization is regulated in heat stressed‐maize lines. Here, two maize lines, a heat‐sensitive line, ZD958, and a heat‐tolerant line, ZDH, were submitted to heat stress for investigating their association with the nucleolar disruption. Immunofluorescence staining showed that nucleolar disruption increased with prolonged treatment time. After heat treatment, a significant change in nucleolus organization was observed in the ZD958 line, but the ZDH line showed mild alteration. Moreover, actinomycin D (ActD)‐induced nucleolus fission led to inhibition of maize growth under the normal condition. The ZD958 line exhibited a significant increase in the level of H3K9ac and H4K5ac of the 45S rDNA accompanied by a higher transcription of the 5′‐external transcribed spacer (ETS) region, while the line ZDH showed a slight increase in histone acetylation levels and the transcriptional initiation at this site after heat treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing a comparative insight between heat stress, rDNA histone modifications, and nucleolus disintegration in a heat‐tolerant ZDH compared with a heat‐sensitive line ZD958. Our investigation might assist maize breeders in obtaining heat‐tolerant lines by targeting nucleoli using epigenetics.
Behavioural disorders in Alzheimer's disease: the descriptive and predictive role of brain 18F‐fluorodesoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography
Authors: Cappelletto Pietro , Polito Cristina , Berti Valentina , Lombardi Gemma , Lucidi Giulia , Bessi Valentina , Sorbi Sandro , Ferrari Camilla 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) has a high incidence in the elderly. Besides cognitive disorders, patients may also develop behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which can be particularly disabling for patients and families. BPSD encompass a wide range of symptoms, among which psychotic symptoms and disruptive behaviours often prompt the first related hospitalization and request for family support. The aetiological mechanism of BPSD has not yet been clarified, and no predictive or risk factors have been identified. The main objectives of our study are to describe the frequency of aggression/agitation and psychotic symptoms, defined ‘positive BPSD’, in a cohort of 60 AD patients, identify areas of the brain involved in behavioural symptomatology through brain 18F‐fluorodesoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), and investigate a potential predictive role of brain FDG‐PET in BPSD development.MethodsA cohort of 60 AD patients was retrospectively enrolled and regularly followed for at least 3 years. Each subject underwent brain FDG‐PET at the time of diagnosis. Patients were divided into three groups based on the presence of behavioural disturbances: present, absent, and developed later.ResultsOf the 60 AD patients in the cohort, 52% had positive BPSD: 17 at baseline and 14 during the 3‐year follow‐up. FDG‐PET identified an association between hypometabolism in the bilateral temporal lobes and the presence of BPSD, and showed initial hypometabolism in the postero‐temporal lobes 3 years before symptom onset.ConclusionsPositive BPSD are frequently manifested in AD. Our study identified the temporal lobes as the neurobiological substrate of positive BPSD and FDG‐PET as a potential instument to predict their developement. Temporal lobes are involved in processing facial expression and recognizing emotions; an impairment of these functions could cause delusions and agitated/aggressive behaviour. To confirm the potential predictive role of FDG‐PET in the onset of BPSD in AD, further studies are needed.
Hydraulics of circular bottom intake orifices
Authors: Gogus Mustafa , Bulut Muhammed , Ucar Muhammed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the hydraulic characteristics of circular bottom intake orifices were investigated in a hydraulic model. The structure diverts the river‐flow to a hydroelectric power plant through circular orifices located at the bottom of the channel. In the model, a series of circular holes of various diameters and locations at the bottom of a channel in the form of single and multiple holes were tested for different flowrates and screen angles (θ) to determine the flow diverting capacity of them. Discharges passing through orifices at known locations (x) and diameters (d) and screen slopes (θ) were measured and recorded along with the related main channel flow rates and depths (h). Using the dimensional analysis approach, an expression for the flow rate diverted from the main channel was derived as a function of related parameters, and their variations with each other were presented graphically and empirical equations were determined. Referring to the graphs and empirical equations, one can determine the discharge capacity of single and multiple intake orifices, which is important to calculate the amount of flow to be diverted from the main channel within the ranges of the related parameters used in this study.