bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Introduction of Defects in Ti3C2Tx and Ti3C2Tx‐Assisted Reduction of Graphene Oxide for Highly Selective Detection of ppb‐Level NO2
Authors: Yang Zijie , Zou Hongshuai , Zhang Yueying , Liu Fangmeng , Wang Jing , Lv Siyuan , Jiang Li , Wang Chenguang , Yan Xu , Sun Peng , Zhang Lijun , Duan Yu , Lu Geyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt present, the main gas‐sensing mechanism of oxidized MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is commonly regarded as Schottky barrier modulation, but the influence of surface defects generated by oxidation is ignored and ambiguous. Herein, oxidized Ti3C2Tx crumpled spheres (MS) are obtained, accompanying numerous surface defects through thermal oxidation of MS synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technology and gas‐sensing properties of oxidized MS with Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 crumpled spheres (MT‐10‐1) without new surface defects are compared. It is demonstrated that the significant improvement of the gas‐sensing properties of oxidized MS is due to the introduction of Ti atom defects rather than Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 heterojunction in‐situ generated by oxidation. First‐principles density functional theory calculations show that Ti atom vacancy can greatly improve the adsorption ability of Ti3C2Tx to gases (especially for NO2). Subsequently, with the facile oxidability, Ti3C2Tx is utilized as a reductant to assist the reduction of graphene oxide, and Ti3C2Tx/TiO2/rGO crumpled spheres are subtly designed and successfully synthesized for further enhancing the gas‐sensing performance. The MG‐2‐1 sensor achieves a low detection limit of NO2 (10 ppb), great NO2 selectivity, and high NO2 response. The clarification of the gas‐sensing mechanism of oxidized Ti3C2Tx and the utilization of oxidation of Ti3C2Tx provide a new idea for the application of MXenes.
Injectable Double‐Crosslinked Adhesive Hydrogels with High Mechanical Resilience and Effective Energy Dissipation for Joint Wound Treatment
Authors: Chen Kai , Wu Zihan , Liu Yutong , Yuan Yuan , Liu Changsheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to the moist environment and inevitable movement, efficient wound closure and healing of vulnerable joint skin remains a great challenge. Herein, a poly(γ‐glutamic acid)‐crosslinked amino‐functionalized PEGylated poly(glycerol sebacate) (γ‐PGA/PEGS‐NH2) adhesive hydrogel is reported. PEGS‐NH2 and γ‐PGA not only forms covalent amide bonds with biological tissue surfaces to achieve strong moist adhesion but also establishes a stable chemically crosslinked network in bulk hydrogels to resist deformation. Furthermore, bioinspired gallic acid‐modified chitosan (CS‐GA) is introduced to enhance moist adhesion via multiple hydrogen bonds and establish a dynamic physically crosslinked network to dissipate energy. Consequently, this adhesive hydrogel strongly adheres to moist biological tissue, showing an adhesion six times higher than that of fibrin glue and comparable to that of strong cyanoacrylate glue. Moreover, benefiting from high mechanical resilience and effective energy dissipation, 200 cycles of loading–unloading mechanical tests conducted under an adhesive state and a full‐thickness rat skin incision model applied on a dynamic nape further confirmed the desirable dynamic tissue adhesion and wound healing performance. Combining the above ideal features with their good injectability and shape‐adaptability to complex contours, such adhesive hydrogels are demonstrated to be promising candidates for joint wound closure and healing in moist and dynamic physiological environment.
Ligand Engineering in Nickel Phthalocyanine to Boost the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Chen Kejun , Cao Maoqi , Lin Yiyang , Fu Junwei , Liao Hanxiao , Zhou Yajiao , Li Hongmei , Qiu Xiaoqing , Hu Junhua , Zheng Xusheng , Shakouri Mohsen , Xiao Qunfeng , Hu Yongfeng , Li Jun , Liu Jilei , Cortés Emiliano , Liu Min 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning and synthesizing efficient molecular catalysts may unlock the great challenge of controlling the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with molecular precision. Nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) appears as a promising candidate for this task due to its adjustable Ni active‐site. However, the pristine NiPc suffers from poor activity and stability for CO2RR owing to the poor CO2 adsorption and activation at the bare Ni site. Here, a ligand‐tuned strategy is developed to enhance the catalytic performance and unveil the ligand effect of NiPc on CO2RR. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that NiPc with electron‐donating substituents (hydroxyl or amino) can induce electronic localization at the Ni site which greatly enhances the CO2 adsorption and activation. Employing the optimal catalyst—an amino‐substituted NiPc—to convert CO2 into CO in a flow cell can achieve an ultrahigh activity and selectivity of 99.8% at current densities up to −400 mA cm−2. This work offers a novel strategy to regulate the electronic structure of active sites by ligand design and discloses the ligand‐directed catalysis of the tailored NiPc for highly efficient CO2RR.
NIR Light‐Triggered Quantitative Pulsed Drug Release
Authors: Yang Yang , Long Kaiqi , Wang Yiqun , Li Lei , Shi Jiayue , Liu Jican , Kong Lingxi , Yu Lin , Ding Jiandong , Huang Zhili , Wang Weiping , Zhan Changyou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantitative drug release is important for improving therapeutic efficiency and avoiding side effects. While using long‐term delivery system for repeated therapies, it is indispensable but challenging to accurately control the drug dosing. Here, a photocleavable prodrug loaded hydrogel is proposed for near infrared (NIR) light‐triggered quantitative pulsed drug release. IR783, a commercially available NIR fluorescent dye, is conjugated with methyl honokiol (mHNK) to give a photocleavable IR783‐mHNK prodrug. Injectable glycol chitosan (GC) hydrogel is chosen as a reservoir, in which IR783‐mHNK can be efficiently loaded via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Upon 680 nm light‐emitting diode (LED) light irradiation, IR783‐mHNK cleaves and mHNK is released. Notably, it is found that IR783‐mHNK presents synchronous photocleavage‐fluorescence bleaching phenomenon. The released amount of mHNK is visible by measuring the residual fluorescent intensity of hydrogel. Quantitative drug release is achieved by controlling irradiation duration and the drug release process is visible by fluorescence imaging. The prodrug‐loaded hydrogel shows good stability, minimum leakage and efficient light responsibility both in vitro and in vivo. After light triggering, monitorable quantitative mHNK release and on‐demand sleep‐promotiing effect are verified in mice without toxicities.
Controlled n‐Doping of Naphthalene‐Diimide‐Based 2D Polymers
Authors: Evans Austin M. , Collins Kelsey A. , Xun Sangni , Allen Taylor G. , Jhulki Samik , Castano Ioannina , Smith Hannah L. , Strauss Michael J. , Oanta Alexander K. , Liu Lujia , Sun Lei , Reid Obadiah G. , Sini Gjergji , Puggioni Danilo , Rondinelli James M. , Rajh Tijana , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Kahn Antoine , Freedman Danna E. , Li Hong , Barlow Stephen , Rumbles Garry , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Marder Seth R. , Dichtel William R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract2D polymers (2DPs) are promising as structurally well‐defined, permanently porous, organic semiconductors. However, 2DPs are nearly always isolated as closed shell organic species with limited charge carriers, which leads to low bulk conductivities. Here, the bulk conductivity of two naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐containing 2DP semiconductors is enhanced by controllably n‐doping the NDI units using cobaltocene (CoCp2). Optical and transient microwave spectroscopy reveal that both as‐prepared NDI‐containing 2DPs are semiconducting with sub‐2 eV optical bandgaps and photoexcited charge‐carrier lifetimes of tens of nanoseconds. Following reduction with CoCp2, both 2DPs largely retain their periodic structures and exhibit optical and electron‐spin resonance spectroscopic features consistent with the presence of NDI‐radical anions. While the native NDI‐based 2DPs are electronically insulating, maximum bulk conductivities of >10−4 S cm−1 are achieved by substoichiometric levels of n‐doping. Density functional theory calculations show that the strongest electronic couplings in these 2DPs exist in the out‐of‐plane (π‐stacking) crystallographic directions, which indicates that cross‐plane electronic transport through NDI stacks is primarily responsible for the observed electronic conductivity. Taken together, the controlled molecular doping is a useful approach to access structurally well‐defined, paramagnetic, 2DP n‐type semiconductors with measurable bulk electronic conductivities of interest for electronic or spintronic devices.
Synergistic Binary Fe–Co Nanocluster Supported on Defective Tungsten Oxide as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst in Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Han Qinglin , Zhao Ximeng , Luo Yuhong , Wu Lanlan , Sun Shujuan , Li Jingde , Wang Yanji , Liu Guihua , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRational design of metal oxide supported non‐precious metals is essential for the development of stable and high‐efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. Here, an efficient ORR catalyst consisting of binary Fe/Co nanoclusters supported by defective tungsten oxide and embedded N‐doped carbon layer (NC) with a 3D ordered macroporous architecture (3DOM Fe/Co@NC‐WO2−x) is developed. The oxygen deficient 3DOM WO2−x not only serves as a porous and stable support, but also enhances the conductivity and ensures good dispersion of the binary Fe/Co nanocluster, benefiting its ORR catalytic activity. Theoretical calculation shows that there exists a synergistic effect of electron transfer from Fe to Co in the supported binary Fe/Co cluster, promoting the ORR reaction energetics. Accordingly, the 3DOM Fe/Co@NC‐WO2−x catalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity in alkaline medium with a half wave potential (E1/2) of 0.87 V higher than that of Pt/C (0.85 V). The zinc–air batteries assembled by 3DOM Fe/Co@NC‐WO2−x cathode deliver a higher power density and specific capacity than that of Pt/C. A new strategy of combining synergistic binary‐metal nanoclusters and conductive metal oxide support design is provided here to develop efficient and durable ORR electrocatalyst.
Systematic online academic resource (SOAR) review: Endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disorders
Authors: Hsiao Jonie J. , Pedigo Ryan , Bae Shirley W. , Jung JooYeon , Zhao Lisa , Trueger Nathan S. , Chan Teresa M. , Grock Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFree open‐access medical education (FOAM) has become an integral resource for medical school and residency education. However, questions of quality and inconsistent coverage of core topics remain. In this second entry of the SAEM Systematic Online Academic Resource (SOAR) series, we describe the application of a systematic methodology to identify, curate, and describe FOAM topics specific to endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disorders as defined by the 2016 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (MCPEM).MethodsWe developed an automated algorithm to search 264 keywords derived from nine subtopics within the MCPEM category in the FOAM Search (a customized FOAM search tool) and the Social Media index. The top 100 results were extracted for each keyword. Resources underwent a manual iterative screening process, and those relevant to endocrine, metabolic, or nutritional disorders and EM were evaluated with the revised Medical Education Translational Resources: Impact and Quality (rMETRIQ) tool.ResultsThe search yielded 36,346 resources, of which 756 met the criteria for quality assessment. After rMETRIQ tool training, four raters demonstrated an average measured intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.94 (95% confidence interval = 0.88 to 0.97, p < 0.001). A total of 121 posts (16% of posts) covering 25 subtopics were identified as high quality (rMETRIQ ≥16). The most covered subtopic was potassium disorders, representing 15% of all posts. Subtopics that did not have a high‐quality resource identified include metabolic alkalosis, respiratory alkalosis, fluid overload, phosphorus metabolism, hyperglycemia, malabsorption, malnutrition, and thyroiditis. From most to least common, the overall target audience was junior resident (91%), PGY‐1 resident (88%), senior resident (81%), clerk (64%), attending (50%), and preclerkship (9%).ConclusionsWe systematically identified, described, and curated FOAM resources for EM learners on the topic of endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disorders. A final list of high‐quality resources can guide trainees, educator recommendations, and FOAM authors.
Decreased land use intensity improves surface soil quality on marginal lands
Authors: Li Lidong , Jin Virginia L. , Kettler Timothy , Karlen Douglas L. , Nunes Márcio R. , Lehman R. Michael , Johnson Jane M. F. , Mikha Maysoon M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has been a major factor in land transitions out of intensive row‐crop management on marginally productive lands in the central United States. While CRP can protect these more environmentally sensitive lands against erosion and potential nutrient loss, information on how CRP affects soil quality over time is limited. Using a chronosequence with 0–40 yr of CRP conversion history, we evaluated soil quality under different land use intensities (CRP, pasture, row crop) using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF). Effects of slope classes (higher [14–25%] and lower [2–14%]) and soil depth (0–120 cm) were also evaluated. Our results show that the soils were functioning at 84 and 78% of their theoretical capacity under CRP and row crop, respectively. Conversion to CRP enhanced overall soil quality by increasing soil biological, physical, and chemical attributes, but soil nutrient availability decreased due to the absence of fertilizer application. Increasing soil organic C (SOC) enhanced overall soil quality because of its impact on soil biological, physical, chemical, and nutrient conditions. Conversion to CRP will likely have greater benefits for more environmentally sensitive soils (i.e., higher slope) as demonstrated by structural equation modeling. Land use effects were also depth dependent, with more prominent effects within the 0‐to‐5‐cm than the 5‐to‐15‐cm depth increment. Overall, our methods focused on key soil quality indicators, confirmed ecological benefits of CRP conversion, and provided guidance for improved and simplified land management recommendations.
Raman Fiber Photometry for Understanding Mitochondrial Superoxide Burst and Extracellular Calcium Ion Influx upon Acute Hypoxia in the Brain of Freely Moving Animals
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Zhang Zhonghui , Liu Yuandong , Mei Yuxiao , Feng Enduo , Liu Yangyi , Zheng Tingting , Chen Jinquan , Zhang Sanjun , Tian Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeveloping a novel tool capable of real‐time monitoring and simultaneous quantitation of multiple molecules in mitochondria across the whole brain of freely moving animals is the key bottleneck for understanding the physiological and pathological roles that mitochondria play in the brain events. Here we built a Raman fiber photometry, and created a highly selective non‐metallic Raman probe based on the triple‐recognition strategies of chemical reaction, charge transfer, and characteristic fingerprint peaks, for tracking and simultaneous quantitation of mitochondrial O2.−, Ca2+ and pH at the same location in six brain regions of free‐moving animal upon hypoxia. It was found that mitochondrial O2.−, Ca2+ and pH changed from superficial to deep brain regions upon hypoxia. It was discovered that hypoxia‐induced mitochondrial O2.− burst was regulated by ASIC1a, leading to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and acidification. Furthermore, we found the overload of mitochondrial Ca2+ was mostly attributed to the influx of extracellular Ca2+.
Preparation and properties of a biodegradability superabsorbent composite based on flax cake protein‐g‐poly (acrylic acid)/Kaolinite
Authors: Zhang Wenxu , Guo Lulu , Liu Qian , Yang Mei , Chen Jing , Lei Ziqiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe protein‐based superabsorbent composite FCP‐g‐PAA/Kaolinite is prepared by grafting acrylic acid (AA) into the flax cake protein (FCP) using free radical polymerization in this study. The chemical structure, thermal stability, and the morphology of the FCP‐g‐PAA/Kaolinite are characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The results show that AA was grafted successfully into FCP. And, it has the maximum swelling capacity where the MBA concentration, APS concentration, Kaolinite concentration, FCP concentration, neutralization degree, and reaction time was 0.13%, 1.4%, 8%, 9%, 70% and 2 h, respectively. The swelling capacity reaches 860 g/g in distilled water, 238 g/g in tap water and 78 g/g in 0.9% NaCl. In addition, its water absorbency can still reach 60% after reuse for six times and the water retention rate of the material was 70% after 12 h. Therefore, FCP has a broad application prospect as a material for preparing superabsorbent composite.
Nickel Cobaltite Nanoplate‐Based Electrochemical Sensing Platform from Printable Inks for Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid
Authors: Urgunde Ajay B. , Dhamija Anandita , Gupta Ritu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract2D metal oxide‐based nanomaterials have emerged as an exciting area of research owing to their rich electrochemical properties and diverse applications, including biosensors. In this work, we have synthesized ultra‐thin Co3O4, NiO, and NiCo2O4 nanostructures supported on a carbon cloth and printed graphite/Kapton substrates following thermal reduction of self‐assembled metal alkanethiolates. These nanostructures act as a sensing platform for simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA), important biological molecules in physiological and pathological tests. The ultrathin 2D nanoplates of NiCo2O4 spinel formed in this study exhibit high electrochemical activity than pristine NiO and Co3O4. The electrochemical characterization studies indicate that NiCo2O4 possesses a high potential for DA and UA with a peak separation of ∼140 mV, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity. The low‐cost and disposable, single‐shot probe biosensors fabricated in this work possess a wide working range of 0.001–1000 μM with detection limits of 0.33 and 0.49 nM for DA and UA, respectively, with a practically achievable limit of quantification of ∼1 nM. Multiple sensing electrodes are printed on graphite/Kapton all at once following this method with improved reproducibility for DA and UA sensing further extending the scope of work towards mass fabrication and practical usage.
Impaired attentional bias toward one's own face in autism spectrum disorder: ERP evidence
Authors: Cygan Hanna B. , Nowicka Maria M. , Nowicka Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConverging lines of evidence seem to indicate reduced self‐referential processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, processing of one's own face has rarely been investigated in the context of ASD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of attentional biases in the processing of self‐ and other faces in ASD. To achieve this goal we presented participants with images of their own face, the face of a close‐other, and famous and unknown faces in a Stroop‐like paradigm. Participants (22 with ASD, 22 typically developing [TD]) were instructed to indicate the color of presented faces while EEG was recorded. Our event‐related potential results clearly showed that self‐face was associated with larger P3 amplitudes than all other faces in the TD group, thus indicating a strong attentional bias toward one's own face. In the ASD group, P3 to the self‐face and the close‐other's face did not differ, suggesting similar attentional biases in both cases. In line with these P3 findings, nonparametric cluster‐based permutation tests showed an analogous pattern of results: significant clusters for the self‐face compared with all other faces in the TD group, and no significant cluster in the ASD group. Overall, our findings revealed impaired attentional bias to one's own face and diminished self versus other differentiation in individuals with ASD. The similar neural underpinnings of the self‐face and other faces supports previous findings indicating reduced self‐prioritization among individuals with ASD.
Hypothesis testing in multivariate normal models with block circular covariance structures
Authors: Liang Yuli , Coelho Carlos A. , von Rosen Tatjana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we address the problem of simultaneous testing hypothesis about mean and covariance matrix for repeated measures data when both the mean vector and covariance matrix are patterned. In particular, tests about the mean vector under block circular and doubly exchangeable covariance structures have been considered. The null distributions are established for the corresponding likelihood ratio test statistics, and expressions for the exact or near‐exact probability density and cumulative distribution functions are obtained. The application of the results is illustrated by both a simulation study and a real‐life data example.
General education teacher preparation in core academic content teaching for students with developmental disabilities
Authors: Kiyak Uzeyir Emre , Tekin‐Iftar Elif 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe used multiple probe design with probe trials across three teacher‐student dyads to examine the effects of a professional development on middle school general education teachers' accurate use of simultaneous prompting procedure and self‐monitoring as well as the effects of the simultaneous prompting procedure on acquisition of academic core content of middle school students with developmental disabilities in inclusive classrooms. Moreover, we investigated the maintenance and generalization effects of professional development on teachers' outcomes as well as simultaneous prompting procedure on students' outcomes. Last, teachers' and students' opinions regarding social validity of the study were investigated. Results showed that (a) teachers acquired using simultaneous prompting procedure and self‐monitoring with 100% accuracy, maintained the acquired teaching behaviors over time and generalized them across different conditions and (b) students acquired their targeted academic content, maintained them over time, and generalized them across different people. Moreover, both the opinions of teachers and the students were positive. Implication of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Does green innovation increase enterprise value?
Authors: Hao Xinyue , Chen Fanglin , Chen Zhongfei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing data from 3212 enterprises in China's A‐share market during the 2007–2018 period, this paper investigates the relationship between green innovation (GI) and enterprise value by using ordinary least squares (OLS) and two‐stage least squares (2SLS) regression. We find that for every 1% increase in the proportion of the number of the enterprise's green patent applications, the enterprise value (Tobin's Q) will increase by 0.023. Moreover, GI still has a positive lag effect on enterprise value after 2 to 6 years. However, the positive effect of GI on enterprise value may only exist in young non‐state‐owned enterprises. At the same time, GI has better performance in heavy pollution industries and non‐high‐tech industries. Moreover, we prove that the improvement of profitability may be a mechanism for GI to affect enterprise value, with a mediating effect accounting for 26.1% of the total effect. The finding on the causal relationship between GI and enterprise value in this study is of great significance for further understanding of the practical value of GI and has certain reference value for the formulation of incentive policies for different industries and enterprises.