bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 vaccines mix‐and‐match: The concept, the efficacy and the doubts
Authors: Rashedi Ronak , Samieefar Noosha , Masoumi Niloofar , Mohseni Sahar , Rezaei Nima 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe search for developing effective vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 began with the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the first vaccine dose was administered in December 2020. Today, full vaccination of most of the world's population is considered the most important means to overcome the COVID‐19 pandemic. Vaccination has been associated with various struggles. Some adverse reactions have resulted in the discontinuation of the specific vaccines use in some countries. Countries in poor regions have faced difficulties supplying enough vaccine doses, and the emergence of new variants of concern has resulted in reduced effectiveness of available vaccines against COVID‐19. The mix‐and‐match strategy, using heterologous vaccines in the first and second doses, might successfully solve the mentioned struggles. Moreover, this strategy has been associated with higher cellular and humoral immune responses without significantly increasing the adverse reactions. Hence, this strategy can help improve the vaccines' effectiveness, and act as a solution for vaccine shortage in poor regions.
Cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis involved in disease resistance against Diaporthe citri in harvested pummelo fruit elicited by carvacrol
Authors: Chen Chuying , Cai Nan , Wan Chunpeng , Huang Qiang , Chen Jinyin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhomopsis stem‐end rot caused by Diaporthe citri, causes significant commercial postharvest losses of pummelo fruit during storage. Carvacrol (CVR) is a known generally recognized as safe and has the ability to prolong the preservation of harvested fruits. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of CVR treatment at the appropriate concentration on Phomopsis stem‐end rot development of harvested pummelo fruit inoculated with D. citri were evaluated by the amounts of cell wall components, the activities and gene expressions of related enzymes involved in cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis.RESULTSResults indicated that CVR completely inhibited D. citri growth in vitro at 200 mg L−1 and significantly controlled Phomopsis stem‐end rot development in harvested pummelo. The CVR treatment delayed peel softening and browning, and retarded electrolyte leakage, superoxide radical (O2•−) production, and malondialdehyde content. The CVR‐treated fruit maintained higher amounts of cell wall material, protopectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose, but exhibited lower water‐soluble pectin amount. Moreover, in D. citri‐inoculated fruit, CVR treatment suppressed the activities and gene expressions of cell wall disassembling‐enzymes, including pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and β‐galactosidase, while the development of cell wall degradation was reduced. Meanwhile, the CVR treatment enhanced the lignin biosynthesis by increasing the activities and up‐regulating the gene expressions of phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamic alcohol dehydrogenase, and peroxidase accompanied with elevated level of lignin in pummelo fruit.CONCLUSIONThe disease resistance to D. citri in pummelo fruit elicited by CVR treatment is related to delaying cell wall degradation and enhancing lignin biosynthesis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Contrasting responses to soil and water salinity in stomata and canopy traits produced convergence of water‐use in tomatoes (Solanum esculentum) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): application to water management
Authors: Yunusa Isa AM , Palmer Anthony R , Kamululdeen Jamal , Punthakey Jehangir F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSalinity constrains agricultural sustainability and crops differ in their response. We tested the hypothesis that contrasting responses in canopy and stomatal traits to salinity will cause convergence of water‐use in okra and tomato.RESULTSStomata were found almost exclusively (>90%) on the lower leaf surface of tomato, but okra produced ~30% of stomata on the upper leaf surface. While salinity reduced the magnitudes of canopy and stomata traits in tomato, stomata traits were either unaffected or enhanced in okra. Salinity reduced the rates and duration of stomatal conductance (gs) in both crops, more severely in tomato, in which gs was restricted to early mornings in contrast to its bell‐shape trend in okra. The superiority of okra in its stomata traits was compensated by the larger plant canopies in tomato, resulting in both daytime canopy transpiration and total plant water‐use within 17% and 28%, respectively, of each other for the two crops. A tight stomatal control of transpiration that minimised use of water and its uptake from the soil conferred a superior salinity tolerance on tomato over okra. In both crops, stomata density (D) was inversely correlated with stomata area (A), while water‐use was positively correlated with plant leaf area, in addition to D and A in tomato; gs was also correlated with stomata area index in tomato.CONCLUSIONDifferences in water‐use for both crops were relatively narrow, despite the several‐fold differences in their canopy and stomata traits. Under saline conditions, irrigation intervals should be long for tomato but short for okra. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity in flowers of nine endemic Verbascum species from Iran
Authors: Amini Soniya , Hassani Abbas , Alirezalu Abolfazl , Maleki Ramin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, flowers of nine mullein species (Verbascum erianthum, V. songaricum, V. speciosum, V. szovitsianum, V. stachydiforme, V. sinuatum, V. haussknechtianum, V. cheirantifolium, and V. saccatum) were collected from Iran. The total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, total carotenoid (TCC), β‐carotene content and the amount of phenolic compounds were determined in all of the collected mullein species. Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD).RESULTSVerbascum saccatum and V. songaricum, in particular, were found to be rich in total flavonoids and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. The HPLC‐DAD analysis revealed that V. erianthum possessed the highest amount of caffeic acid (0.022 g kg−1 DW), chlorogenic acid (2.649 g kg−1 DW), p‐coumaric acid (0.253 g kg−1 DW), and apigenin (0.066 g kg−1 DW). The highest gallic acid (0.134 g kg−1 DW), rutin (5.254 g kg−1 DW), quercetin (1.303 g kg−1 DW), and cinnamic acid (1.031 g kg−1 DW) content were observed in V. saccatum. Our results demonstrate the considerable variations in the TFC, antioxidant activity, TCC, and β‐carotene content among the mullein species.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study provide useful information for breeding strategies, and for choosing the best species with high phenolic compound content to produce natural antioxidants for medical and pharmaceutical use. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predictive Modeling and Risk Stratification of Patients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct
Authors: Farrokhian Nathan , Kocharyan Armine , Ruthberg Jeremy , Piper Robin , Rivas Alejandro , Semaan Maroun , Otteson Todd , Manzoor Nauman F. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate patient‐specific characteristics that independently predict for progressive hearing loss in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). Utilize multivariable predictive models to identify subgroups of patients with significantly different progression risks.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of patients evaluated at an academic tertiary care center. Cohort included 74 ears of patients with a diagnosis of EVA as defined by the Cincinnati criteria.MethodsHearing trajectories were characterized, and a Kaplan–Meier estimator was utilized to determine progressive phenotype probabilities across the first 10 years after diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify patient characteristics that independently altered this probability. Stratified risk groups were delineated from generated nomogram scores.ResultsMale gender was associated with a 4.53 hazard ratio for progressive hearing loss (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.53 to 12.59). Each millimeter increase in operculum size was independently associated with an 80.40% increase in expected hazard (95% CI, 40.18 to 120.62). Each dB increase in air pure tone average at time of diagnosis decreased expected hazard by 1.59% (95% CI, −3.02 to −0.17). The presence of incomplete partition type II was associated with a 2.44 hazard ratio (95% CI, 1.04 to 5.72). Risk groups stratified by median nomogram score evidenced the discriminative ability of our model with the progression probability in the high‐risk group being six times higher at 1 year, nearly five times greater at 3 years, and three times greater at 9 years.ConclusionsEVA patient characteristics can be used to predict hearing loss probability with a high degree of accuracy (C‐index of 0.79). This can help clinicians make more proactive management decisions by identifying patients at high risk for hearing loss.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1439–1445, 2022
Developing capacity for learning community systems: Experiences from the 100 Million Healthier Lives SCALE Initiative
Authors: Carr Tara , Holly Margaret , Reed Kristin , Rabbani Rumana , Chandler Caroline , Cook Brittany , Howard Paul , McPherson Marianne , Henry Becky , Ramaswamy Rohit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis paper explores the capabilities that contribute to community transformation and the common pathways followed by communities in the 100 Million Healthier Lives SCALE (Spreading Community Accelerators through Learning and Evaluation) initiative in their transformation journeys towards a “Culture of Health”.MethodsFunded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), from 2016 to 2020, between 18 to 24 community coalitions nationwide participated in SCALE, the goal of which was to co‐design, implement, test, and scale up a model called the Community of Solutions (COS) Framework, that built community capacity around a set of skills and behaviors to advance culture change and create sustainable improvement in health, well‐being, and equity. We adapted and applied two qualitative research techniques, meta‐ethnography and participatory action synthesis, to evaluate SCALE initiative data.ResultsEight concepts emerged that represent the knowledge, capabilities and practices commonly acquired and utilized across the communities. Overall, these concepts emphasize individual and team leadership, quality improvement skills, an intentional focus on equity, and partnerships for spread and sustainment. Concepts were linked into lines of arguments which were unique storylines explaining the transformation pathways. Three stories of the transformation process emerged from the data. Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) were created to represent non‐linear system relationships and visually capture some of the most important dynamics of the process of transformation. Even with vast heterogeneity among the SCALE communities and the diversity of activities that the communities undertook, our analysis showed there were a few basic principles that undergirded the process of building capability for transformation.ConclusionsThe knowledge from our findings should be useful to expand further research and practice in community learning systems.
Setting up clinical trials for success: Applying preclinical advances in combined TGFβ/PD‐L1 inhibition to ongoing clinical studies
Authors: Strait Alexander A. , Wang Xiao‐Jing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCombined TGFβ/PD‐L1 inhibition is currently undergoing clinical trials in multiple cancer types. The early reported clinical trials of bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting both of these pathways, have had mixed results. Here, we briefly review recent preclinical advances that can be used to refine these ongoing clinical trials and improve their outcomes.
Progressive attention module for segmentation of volumetric medical images
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Pan Hong , Zhu Yaping , Gu Yun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeMedical image segmentation is critical for many medical image analysis applications. 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely adopted in the segmentation of volumetric medical images. The recent development of channelwise and spatialwise attentions achieves the state‐of‐the‐art feature representation performance. However, these attention strategies have not explicitly modeled interdependencies among slices in 3D medical volumes. In this work, we propose a novel attention module called progressive attention module (PAM) to explicitly model the slicewise importance for 3D medical image analysis.MethodsThe proposed method is composed of three parts: Slice Attention (SA) block, Key‐Slice‐Selection (KSS) block, and Channel Attention (CA) block. First, the SA is a novel attention block to explore the correlation among slices for 3D medical image segmentation. SA is designed to explicitly reweight the importance of each slice in the 3D medical image scan. Second, the KSS block, cooperating with the SA block, is designed to adaptively emphasize the critical slice features while suppressing the irrelevant slice features, which helps the model focus on the slices with rich structural and contextual information. Finally, the CA block receives the output of KSS as input for further feature recalibration. Our proposed PAM organically combines SA, KSS, and CA, progressively highlights the key slices containing rich information for the relevant tasks while suppressing those irrelevant slices.ResultsTo demonstrate the effectiveness of PAM, we embed it into 3D CNNs architectures and evaluate the segmentation performance on three public challenging data sets: BraTS 2018 data set, MALC data set, and HVSMR data set. We achieve 80.34%, 88.98%, and 84.43% of the Dice similarity coefficient on these three data sets, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed PAM not only boosts the segmentation accuracy of the standard 3D CNNs methods consistently, but also outperforms the other attention mechanisms with slight extra costs.ConclusionsWe propose a new PAM to identify the most informative slices and recalibrate channelwise feature responses for volumetric medical image segmentation. The proposed method is evaluated on three public data sets, and the results show improvements over other methods. This proposed technique can effectively assist physicians in many medical image analysis. It is also anticipated to be generalizable and transferable to assist physicians in a wider range of medical imaging applications to produce greater value and impact to health.
Effects of school‐based “We Fit” weight control programme in adolescents
Authors: Chae Sun‐Mi , Yeo Ji‐Young , Hwang Ji‐Hye , Kang Hee Sun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study examined the effects of a 12‐week school‐based “We Fit” weight control programme.DesignA nonequivalent control group was used, with a non‐synchronized pretest–posttest design.MethodsIn total, 109 Korean high school adolescents participated. The programme comprised exergaming, diet diary and counselling, health education, and social networking service‐based group discussions. Anthropometric factors, physiological factors and physical activity (daily steps and sitting time) were measured in the intervention and the control groups before and after the intervention. Programme satisfaction was assessed post‐intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics; the chi‐square, Mann–Whitney U and t tests; and generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe intervention group showed a significantly decreased waist circumference, increased skeletal muscle mass, increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced weekend sitting time.ConclusionThis study adds to the evidence for the applicability and effectiveness of healthy weight control programmes using exergames for adolescents in school settings.
Performance degradation of commercial Ga‐doped passivated emitter and rear cell solar modules in the field
Authors: Chen Chuanke , Wang He , Wang Jianbo , Lv Jun , Yang Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGallium‐doped passivated emitter and rear cells (PERCs) showed great promise for future advanced highly efficient solar cells. However, there is a lack of information available regarding the field degradation of gallium‐doped PERC solar modules. In this work, the field degradation of gallium‐doped PERC solar modules is investigated and compared with the field degradation of stabilized boron‐doped PERC solar modules. It is remarkable that the peak power degradation curves of the gallium‐doped PERC solar modules present two degradation stages which might be attributed to synthetical results of light‐induced degradation (LID) and light and elevated temperature‐induced degradation (LeTID). The extents of degradation for the gallium‐doped PERC solar modules are smaller than that of the stabilized boron‐doped PERC solar modules. The LID characteristic of the gallium‐doped PERC solar modules is caused by the presence of residual boron in Ga‐doped Cz‐Si wafers which has been demonstrated by the results of inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Moreover, a comparative study of daily yield for gallium‐ and boron‐doped PERC photovoltaic arrays is carried out. It was found that the gallium‐doped photovoltaic array has a higher energy yield and shows a better performance ratio than the boron‐doped photovoltaic array. The reason is that the performance degradation and its induced mismatch loss of gallium‐doped solar modules in the field are smaller than that of the boron‐doped solar modules.
Registration of seven recombinant inbred lines of upland cotton with improved fiber length or strength
Authors: Jenkins Johnie N. , McCarty Jack C. , Hayes Russell W. , Wubben Martin J. , Fang David D. , Thyssen Gregory N. , Zeng Linghe , Campbell B. Todd , Jones Don C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe genetic base for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is narrow for the economically important fiber traits of strength and length. We developed random mated population RMUP‐C5 from 11 parental lines and released seed in 2008. We have now developed 550 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from this population and evaluated them for fiber properties in eight environments. We report the development and release of seven RILs with improved fiber strength and/or upper half mean length: MS‐RIL‐009 (Reg. no. GP‐1100, PI 698460), MS‐RIL‐037 (Reg. no. GP‐1101, PI 698461), MS‐RIL‐204 (Reg. no. GP‐1102, PI 698462), MS‐RIL‐219 (Reg no. GP‐1103, PI 698463), MS‐RIL‐282 (Reg. no. GP‐1104, PI 698464), MS‐RIL‐303 (Reg. no. GP‐1105, PI 698465), and MS‐RIL‐490 (Reg. no. GP‐1106, PI 698466). Fiber strength and length for the seven lines are as follows: MS‐RIL 009 (384, 30.0), MS‐RIL 037 (369, 31.3), MS‐RIL‐204 (333, 32.5), MS‐RIL‐219 (345, 31.8), MS‐RIL‐282 (295, 31.4), MS‐RIL‐303 (379, 31.4) and MS‐RIL‐490 (318, 33.0), kN m kg–1 and mm, respectively. Fibers of MS‐RILS 037, 219, and 303 are significantly stronger and longer, fibers of 009 are significantly stronger, and fibers of 204, 282, and 490 are significantly longer than fibers of ‘Acala Ultima’ or ‘Fibermax 966’, the parental lines with the strongest (326–334 kN m kg–1) and longest (29.3–30.0 mm) fibers. MS‐RIL‐009, MS‐RIL‐037, MS‐RIL‐219, and MS‐RIL‐303 are homozygous for favorable alleles at the A07 strength quantitative trait locus (QTL). All lines except MS‐RIL‐009 are homozygous for favorable alleles at the D11 length QTL.
A Micromechanics Pressurization Model for Cookoff
Authors: Hobbs Michael L. , Brown Judith A. , Kaneshige Michael J. , Aviles‐Ramos Cuauhtemoc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA micromechanics pressurization (MMP) model has been derived for explosive decomposition models that are pressure‐dependent. The model includes volumetric thermal strain and internal pressurization using well‐known solutions of elastic equations that include displacement of the condensed phase. The model is based on observations of a heated, high‐density, plastic bonded explosive (PBX) containing 95 wt% triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) with 5 wt% chlorotrifluoroethylene/vinylidene fluoride binder (Kel‐F). The model was developed for explosives that are either permeable or impermeable to decomposition gases. The MMP model is based on pore mechanics which describe reaction nucleation, decomposition chemistry, and elastic volumetric expansion. The model accounts for the expansion or swelling of the explosive into the surrounding gas‐filled ullage space. The pressurization model was used in conjunction with a simple decomposition model to determine ignition time and internal temperatures for the TATB‐based explosive at 1881 kg/m3. The MMP model was used to predict pressure, specific surface area, and gas volume fraction. A Latin hypercube sensitivity analysis showed that prediction of ignition time was most sensitive to the maximum pore pressure which defines the threshold between permeable and impermeable explosive layers. The MMP model coupled to a pressure‐dependent chemistry model can predict accurate ignition times for high‐density PBX's exposed to high temperatures and may be useful for more general application scenarios.
The non‐prion SUP35 preexists in large chaperone‐containing molecular complexes
Authors: Park Shiwha , Wang Xin , Xi Wen , Richardson Roy , Laue Thomas M. , Denis Clyde L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrions, misfolded proteins that aggregate, cause an array of progressively deteriorating conditions to which, currently, there are no effective treatments. The presently accepted model indicates that the soluble non‐prion forms of prion‐forming proteins, such as the well‐studied SUP35, do not exist in large aggregated molecular complexes. Here, we show using analytical ultracentrifugation with fluorescent detection that the non‐prion form of SUP35 exists in a range of discretely sized soluble complexes (19S, 28S, 39S, 57S, and 70S–200S). Similar to the [PSI+] aggregated complexes, each of these [psi‐] complexes associates at stoichiometric levels with a large variety of molecular chaperones: HSP70 proteins comprise the major component. Another yeast prion‐forming protein, RNQ1 (known to promote the production of the prion SUP35 state), is also present in SUP35 complexes. These results establish that the non‐prion SUP35, like its prion form, is predisposed to form large molecular complexes containing chaperones and other prion‐forming proteins. These results agree with our previous studies on the huntingtin protein. That the normal forms for aggregation‐prone proteins may preexist in large molecular complexes has important ramifications for the progression of diseases involving protein aggregation.