bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary vessel detection methods for organ‐mounted robots
Authors: Rasmussen Eric T. , Shiao Eric C. , Zourelias Lee , Halbreiner Michael S. , Passineau Michael J. , Murali Srinivas , Riviere Cameron N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeartLander is a tethered robot walker that utilizes suction to adhere to the beating heart. HeartLander can be used for minimally invasive administration of cardiac medications or ablation of tissue. In order to administer injections safely, HeartLander must avoid coronary vasculature.MethodsDoppler ultrasound signals were recorded using a custom‐made cardiac phantom and used to classify different coronary vessel properties. The classification was performed by two machine learning algorithms, the support vector machines and a deep convolutional neural network. These algorithms were then validated in animal trials.ResultsAccuracy of identifying vessels above turbulent flow reached greater than 92% in phantom trials and greater than 98% in animal trials.ConclusionsThrough the use of two machine learning algorithms, HeartLander has shown the ability to identify different sized vasculature proximally above turbulent flow. These results indicate that it is feasible to use Doppler ultrasound to identify and avoid coronary vasculature during cardiac interventions using HeartLander.
Efficacy and safety of azithromycin in Covid‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Kamel Ahmed M. , Monem Mona S. A. , Sharaf Nour A. , Magdy Nada , Farid Samar F. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryAzithromycin (AZM) is commonly used in Covid‐19 patients based on low‐quality evidence, increasing the risk of developing adverse events and antimicrobial resistance. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the safety and efficacy of AZM in treating Covid‐19 patients using published randomized controlled trials. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, MEDLINE, bioRxiv and medRxiv were searched for relevant studies. The random‐effects model was used to pool estimates using the Paule–Mandel estimate for heterogeneity. The odds ratio and raw difference in medians were used for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. The analysis included seven studies with 8822 patients (median age, 55.8 years; 61% males). The risk of bias was assessed as ‘low’ for five of the seven mortality results and as ‘some concerns’ and ‘high’ in one trial each. There were 657/3100 (21.2%) and 1244/5654 (22%) deaths among patients randomized to AZM and standard of care, respectively. The use of AZM was not associated with mortality in Covid‐19 patients (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.88–1.05, p = 0.317 based on the random‐effect meta‐analysis). The use of AZM was not associated with need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.49–1.87, p = 0.85) and length of stay (Δ = 1.11, 95% CI −2.08 to 4.31, p = 0.49). The results show that using AZM as routine therapy in Covid‐19 patients is not justified due to lack of efficacy and potential risk of bacterial resistance that is not met by an increased clinical benefit.
Stress analysis of an orthotropic elastic infinite plane with a hole
Authors: Hasebe Norio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA general solution (stress functions) is derived for an orthotropic elastic plane problem using a mapping function to solve arbitrary configurations. Lekhnitskii formulism using complex variable is used. A problem of an infinite orthotropic elastic plane with a hole is solved. The boundary condition is represented by two complex variables. This makes it difficult to solve the orthotropic elastic plane problem. The problem is solved by overcoming this difficulty. Two methods of Cauchy integral and Riemann‐Hilbert problem are applied for the analysis. It is confirmed that the same exact stress functions are finally obtained by these methods and are represented by an irrational mapping function as a closed form. These stress functions are the general solution for the holed problem. The Mittag‐Leffler Theorem is used for the analysis. Therefore, there are two methods to solve an external boundary value problem. Stress components are represented by one complex variable. Therefore, it is not difficult to calculate the stress components. Arbitrarily shaped hole problem can be solved by changing the mapping function in the stress functions. The stress distributions for an infinite plane with a square hole subjected to uniform tension for Case I and III problems are shown. Symmetry of the stress distribution is lost for a Case III problem. A problem of a half plane with an edge crack is solved as Riemann‐Hilbert problem. It is confirmed that the solution coincide with that obtained by Cauchy integral method.
Live Imaging and Analysis of Cilia and Cell Cycle Dynamics with the Arl13bCerulean-Fucci2a Biosensor and Fucci Tools
Authors: Van Kerckvoorde Melinda , Ford Matthew J. , Yeyati Patricia L. , Mill Pleasantine , Mort Richard L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe cell and cilia cycles are inextricably linked through the dual functions of the centrioles at both the basal body of cilia and at mitotic centrosomes. How cilia assembly and disassembly, either through slow resorption or rapid deciliation, are coordinated with cell cycle progression remains unclear in many cell types and developmental paradigms. Moreover, little is known about how additional cilia parameters including changes in ciliary length or frequency of distal tip shedding change with cell cycle stage. In order to explore these questions, we have developed the Arl13bCerulean-Fucci2a tricistronic cilia and cell cycle biosensor (Ford et al., Dev Cell 47:509–523.e7, 2018). This reporter allowed us to document the heterogeneity in ciliary behaviors during the cell cycle at a population level. Without the need for external stimuli, it revealed that in several cell types and in the developing embryo cilia persist beyond the G1/S checkpoint. Here, we describe the generation of stable cell lines expressing Arl13bCerulean-Fucci2a and open-source software to aid morphometric profiling of the primary cilium with cell cycle phases, including changes in cilium length. This resource will allow the investigation of multiple morphometric questions relating to cilia and cell cycle biology.
Introduction
Authors: Stellinga Bart , de Hoog Josta , van Riel Arthur , de Vries Casper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis book is a translation and adaption of the Dutch report ‘Geld en schuld. De publieke rol van banken’, published by the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR). This report was the result of a formal request by the Dutch Minister of Finance for an advice on the functioning of the monetary system, as suggested in a motion adopted by the Dutch Parliament during a debate on money creation. In this introductory chapter, we first briefly introduce money and debt before discussing the role of trust and dynamism in the financial monetary system. The introduction ends with an overview of the book.
An Appraisal of the Financial Monetary System
Authors: Stellinga Bart , de Hoog Josta , van Riel Arthur , de Vries Casper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter assesses the financial monetary system on the basis of four characteristics: (1) its economic contribution; (2) its stability; (3) its fairness in the distribution of benefits, costs and risks; and (4) its legitimacy. Based on this analysis, we highlight key problems in the current system. Our analysis points to two underlying problems: the unbalanced and uncontrolled growth of money and debt; and a distorted balance between public and private interests.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Authors: Stellinga Bart , de Hoog Josta , van Riel Arthur , de Vries Casper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this final chapter we discuss the book’s key findings. We first recap the operations of our current system and the problems it presents. We then discuss how the alternative of sovereign money would work and whether switching systems would be desirable. Finally, we consider what steps can be taken to address the major problems posed by the current system. We recommend restoring the balanced growth of credit and debt, and striking a better balance between public and private interests. This entails fostering greater diversity in the financial sector, curbing the excessive growth of debt, being prepared for the next crisis, and anchoring the public dimension of the banking system.
Introduction to Recent Advances in Quality Assessment for Adhesive Bonding Technology
Authors: Noeske Michael , Leite Cavalcanti Welchy , Brüning Hauke , Mayer Bernd , Stamopoulos Antonios , Chamos Apostolos , Krousarlis Thomas , Malinowski Paweł H. , Ostachowicz Wiesław M. , Tserpes Konstantinos , Brune Kai , Ecault Romain 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe first chapter highlights the relevance of both adhesive bonding technology and in-process quality assessment for mastering twenty-first-century challenges in joining functional and lightweight materials like carbon fibre reinforced polymers. The ongoing developments of the relevant technological and regulatory procedures and frameworks are hereby outlined, following trends for data-driven innovation and standardisation. Advances from monitoring process variables towards the in-depth and objective Extended Non-destructive Testing (ENDT) of material-related features are presented, based on methodological and technological innovation and insights from recent European joint research projects like Horizon 2020s ComBoNDT—“Quality assurance concepts for adhesive bonding of aircraft composite structures by advanced NDT”. Introducing ten heuristic principles for quality assessment in bonding processes, a concept is demonstrated for establishing empirically consolidated sets of quantitative material and process-specific correlations between design-relevant joint features and quality data measured during the manufacture or repair of adhesive joints using ENDT. Each correlation is obtained by systematically introducing disturbances of relevant process features identified by experts and is levelled once by linking findings from standardised mechanical tests with ENDT results obtained for joints that have intentionally been manufactured or repaired in an off-specification way. Subsequent chapters will demonstrate the suitability of the broadly applicable process.
Extended Non-destructive Testing for Surface Quality Assessment
Authors: Schlag Mareike , Brune Kai , Brüning Hauke , Noeske Michael , Cherrier Célian , Hanning Tobias , Drosten Julius , De Vito Saverio , Miglietta Maria Lucia , Formisano Fabrizio , Salvato Maria , Massera Ettore , Di Francia Girolamo , Esposito Elena , Helwig Andreas , Stössel Rainer , Sawczak Mirosław , Malinowski Paweł H. , Ostachowicz Wiesław M. , Radzieński Maciej 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces various extended non-destructive testing (ENDT) techniques for surface quality assessment, which are first characterized, then enhanced, and finally applied to assess the level of pre-bond contaminations intentionally applied to carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) adherends following the procedures described in the previous chapter. Based on two user cases comprising different scenarios that are characteristic of either aeronautical production or repair, the detailed tests conducted on two types of sample geometry, namely flat coupons and scarfed pilot samples with a more complex shape, form the basis for applying the advanced ENDT procedures for the monitoring of realistic and real aircraft parts, as will be described in Chap. 5. Specifically, the reported investigations were performed to assess the surface quality of first ground and then intentionally contaminated CFRP surfaces using the following ENDT tools: the aerosol wetting test (AWT), optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE), two differently implemented approaches based on electronic noses, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), and laser vibrometry.
Extended Non-destructive Testing Technique Demonstration in a Realistic Environment with Technology Assessment
Authors: Ecault Romain , Reguero Simon Ana , Cherrier Célian , Malinowski Paweł H. , Wandowski Tomasz , Sawczak Mirosław , Brune Kai , Brüning Hauke , Schlag Mareike , Derksen Johannes , Leite Cavalcanti Welchy , Berthe Laurent , Sagnard Maxime , Ostachowicz Wiesław M. , De Vito Saverio , Helwig Andreas , Stössel Rainer , Segur Damien , Chamos Apostolos , Tserpes Konstantinos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter highlights two advances towards a higher maturity of versatile extended non-destructive testing (ENDT) procedures. Full-scale demonstration tests are presented in realistic user application cases that involve typical production or repair scenarios. Subsequently, the investigations used to assess the probability of detection (POD) are detailed for the respective ENDT processes and application-relevant scenarios in a realistic environment. Although some results indicated that some additional in-depth investigations would be even more enlightening, these demonstrations still clearly showed that developments and progress described in the previous chapters have enabled some of the technologies to achieve a maturity that is sufficient to proceed towards industrial implementation. Some ENDT techniques revealed the presence of contaminants on real structural parts with unknown contaminant amounts. For the first time, POD results obtained for ENDT investigations are presented. Some ENDT procedures permitted POD results to be obtained for several scenarios, while others showed technologically relevant POD only for certain scenarios. For two ENDT techniques, determining the POD helped to enhance the respective testing and evaluation procedures. In most of the cases, it was possible to estimate a preliminary quantification of POD by giving the POD90/95. For some techniques, this value was below the lowest contamination degree.
Handlungsansätze und Strategien im Umgang mit Multilokalität
Authors: Greinke Lena , Lehmann Franziska , Othengrafen Frank , Seitz Annette 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung Multilokalität ist eine Lebensweise, die nahezu in allen Altersgruppen und Gesellschaftsschichten vertreten ist. Bislang fehlen den lokalen Akteur*innen oftmals das Wissen und Bewusstsein über die Zusammenhänge und Auswirkungen multilokaler Lebensweisen. Um aber auf das zunehmende Phänomen Multilokalität reagieren zu können sowie geeignete Strategien und Ansätze zu entwickeln, ist es bedeutsam, die relevanten Akteur*innen für Multilokalität und die daraus resultierenden Auswirkungen dieser Lebensweisen zu sensibilisieren. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Instrumente und Formate vorgestellt, um (1) für Multilokalität zu sensibilisieren, (2) die Wahrnehmung des Phänomens zu erhöhen und (3) geeignete Strategien und Ansätze im Umgang mit Multilokalität zu entwickeln.
Older adults are not more susceptible to acute muscle atrophy after immobilisation compared to younger adults: a systematic review
Authors: Hodgson Harry , Wilkinson Michael , Bowen Scott , Giannoudis Peter , Howard Anthony 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To identify if older adults are more susceptible to acute muscle atrophy compared to younger adults.

Methods
All studies whose design involved a period of enforced immobilisation and a comparison between an older (> 40) and a younger cohort (< 40) were included. Outcome of interest was change in muscle mass, measured by radiological techniques or histological analysis of fibre size. Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically searched and records screened by two independent reviewers. Studies selected for inclusion were critically appraised and individually assessed for risk of bias. GRADE framework guided the assessment of quality of studies.

Results
Eight articles were included (193 participants). 14 (7.3%) were female and 102 (52.8%) were in older groups. Mean age for older adults was 66.3 years and for younger adults 23.3 years. Immobilisation periods spanned 4–14 days as simulated by bed rest, limb brace or limb cast. Studies measured muscle mass by DXA, CT, MRI or fibre cross-sectional area, or a combination of each. Muscles studied included quadriceps, adductor pollicis, vastus lateralis or combined lean leg mass.
Of the radiological measures, three studies (74 participants) reported greater atrophy in the older group, three studies (76 participants) reported greater atrophy in the younger group. Reduction in muscle mass varied in older adults between 0.19 and 0.76% per day, and for younger adults between 0.06 and 0.70% per day. Due to substantial heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not performed. Five studies reported fibre size. Change in fibre size varied considerably between each study, with no convincing overall trend for either older or younger groups.

Conclusion
The current literature suggests that there is no difference in the rate of muscle atrophy after immobilisation in older people compared to younger people, and therefore that older people are not more susceptible to atrophy in the acute setting. However, the findings are inconsistent and provide statistically significant but opposing results. There is a lack of high-quality research available on the topic, and there is a paucity of literature regarding atrophy rates in women.
On transmissible load formulations in topology optimization
Authors: Lu Hongjia , Tyas Andrew , Gilbert Matthew , Pichugin Aleksey V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransmissible loads are external loads defined by their line of action, with actual points of load application chosen as part of the topology optimization process. Although for problems where the optimal structure is a funicular, transmissible loads can be viewed as surface loads, in other cases such loads are free to be applied to internal parts of the structure. There are two main transmissible load formulations described in the literature: a rigid bar (constrained displacement) formulation or, less commonly, a migrating load (equilibrium) formulation. Here, we employ a simple Mohr’s circle analysis to show that the rigid bar formulation will only produce correct structural forms in certain specific circumstances. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate (and explain) the incorrect topologies produced when the rigid bar formulation is applied in other situations. A new analytical solution is also presented for a uniformly loaded cantilever structure. Finally, we invoke duality principles to elucidate the source of the discrepancy between the two formulations, considering both discrete truss and continuum topology optimization formulations.
A radiomics-based nomogram for preoperative T staging prediction of rectal cancer
Authors: Lin Xue , Zhao Sheng , Jiang Huijie , Jia Fucang , Wang Guisheng , He Baochun , Jiang Hao , Ma Xiao , Li Jinping , Shi Zhongxing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the value of a radiomics-based nomogram in predicting preoperative T staging of rectal cancer.

Methods
A total of 268 eligible rectal cancer patients from August 2012 to December 2018 were enrolled and allocated into two datasets: training (n = 188) and validation datasets (n = 80). Another set of 32 patients from January 2019 to July 2019 was included in a prospective analysis. Pretreatment T2-weighted images were used to radiomics features extraction. Feature selection and radiomics score (Rad-score) construction were performed through a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. The nomogram, which included Rad-scores and clinical factors, was built using multivariate logistic regression. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram.

Results
The Rad-score containing nine selected features was significantly related to T staging. Patients who had locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) generally had higher Rad-scores than patients with early-stage rectal cancer. The nomogram incorporated Rad-scores and carcinoembryonic antigen levels and showed good discrimination, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.882 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.835–0.930) in the training dataset and 0.846 (95% CI 0.757–0.936) in the validation dataset. The calibration curves confirmed high goodness of fit, and the decision curve analysis revealed the clinical value. A prospective analysis demonstrated that the AUC of the nomogram to predict LARC was 0.859 (95% CI 0.730–0.987).

Conclusion
A radiomics-based nomogram is a novel method for predicting LARC and can provide support in clinical decision making.
Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the adherence of stroke patients to direct oral anticoagulants: a secondary analysis from the MAAESTRO study
Authors: Dietrich Fine , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Verbeek Melina , Engelter Stefan T. , Hersberger Kurt E. , Schaedelin Sabine , Arnet Isabelle , Lyrer Philippe A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on stroke care has been reported, but no data exist on the influence of the lockdown on medication adherence to antithrombotic treatment for stroke prevention. We present a comparison of electronic adherence data of stroke patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) prior to and during the COVID-19 lockdown in spring 2020 in Switzerland.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis using data from the ongoing MAAESTRO study, in which stroke patients with atrial fibrillation electronically monitor their adherence to DOAC treatment. Eligible patients for this analysis had at least four weeks of adherence data prior to and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Three adherence metrics (taking adherence, timing adherence, drug holidays) were calculated and compared descriptively.

Results
The analysis included eight patients (median age 81.5 years, IQR 74.8–84.5). Five patients had a pre-lockdown taking adherence over 90% (mean 96.8% ± 2.9), with no change during lockdown, high timing adherence in both periods and no drug holidays. The remaining three patients had pre-lockdown taking and timing adherence below 90%. Of those, two patients showed a moderate decline either in taking or timing adherence compared to pre-lockdown. One showed a substantial increase in taking and timing adherence during lockdown (both + 25.8%).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that a major disruption of social life (i.e., the imposed COVID-19 lockdown) is unlikely to relevantly affect the medication intake behaviour of patients with high pre-established adherence, but might have an impact in patients with previously suboptimal adherence.

Trial registration number
MAAESTRO: electronic Monitoring and improvement of Adherence to direct oral Anticoagulant treatment—a randomized crossover study of an Educational and reminder-based intervention in ischaemic STROke patients under polypharmacy, NCT03344146.