bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stand‐scale climate change impacts on forests over large areas: transient responses and projection uncertainties
Authors: Huber Nica , Bugmann Harald , Cailleret Maxime , Bircher Nicolas , Lafond Valentine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe increasing impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems have triggered multiple model‐based impact assessments for the future, which typically focused either on a small number of stand‐scale case studies or on large scale analyses (i.e., continental to global). Therefore, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the local impacts over large areas (i.e., regions to countries), which is particularly problematic for forest management. We provide a comprehensive, high‐resolution assessment of the climate change sensitivity of managed Swiss forests (~10,000 km2), which cover a wide range of environmental conditions. We used a dynamic vegetation model to project the development of typical forest stands derived from a stratification of the Third National Forest Inventory until the end of the 22nd century. Two types of simulations were conducted: one limited to using the extant local species, the other enabling immigration of potentially more climate‐adapted species. Moreover, to assess the robustness of our projections, we quantified and decomposed the uncertainty in model projections resulting from the following sources: (1) climate change scenarios, (2) local site conditions, and (3) the dynamic vegetation model itself (i.e., represented by a set of model versions), an aspect hitherto rarely taken into account. The simulations showed substantial changes in basal area and species composition, with dissimilar sensitivity to climate change across and within elevation zones. Higher‐elevation stands generally profited from increased temperature, but soil conditions strongly modulated this response. Low‐elevation stands were increasingly subject to drought, with strong negative impacts on forest growth. Furthermore, current stand structure had a strong effect on the simulated response. The admixture of drought‐tolerant species was found advisable across all elevations to mitigate future adverse climate‐induced effects. The largest uncertainty in model projections was associated with climate change scenarios. Uncertainty induced by the model version was generally largest where overall simulated climate change impacts were small, thus corroborating the utility of the model for making projections into the future. Yet, the large influence of both site conditions and the model version on some of the projections indicates that uncertainty sources other than climate change scenarios need to be considered in climate change impact assessments.
Plant traits are differentially linked to performance in a semiarid ecosystem
Authors: Funk Jennifer L. , Larson Julie E. , Ricks‐Oddie Joni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA central principle in trait‐based ecology is that trait variation has an adaptive value. However, uncertainty over which plant traits influence individual performance across environmental gradients may limit our ability to use traits to infer ecological processes at larger scales. To better understand which traits are linked to performance under different precipitation regimes, we measured above‐ and belowground traits, growth, and reproductive allocation for four annual and four perennial species from a coastal sage scrub community in California under conditions of 50%, 100%, and 150% ambient precipitation. Across water treatments, annual species displayed morphological trait values consistent with high rates of resource acquisition (e.g., low leaf mass per area, low root tissue density, high specific root length), and aboveground measures of resource acquisition (including photosynthetic rate and leaf N concentration) were positively associated with plant performance (reproductive allocation). Results from a structural equation model demonstrated that leaf traits explained 38% of the variation in reproductive allocation across the water gradient in annual species, while root traits accounted for only 6%. Although roots play a critical role in water uptake, more work is needed to understand the mechanisms by which root trait variation can influence performance in water‐limited environments. Perennial species showed lower trait plasticity than annuals across the water gradient and were more variable as a group in terms of trait–performance relationships, indicating that species rely on different functional strategies to respond to drought. Our finding that species identity drives much of the variation in trait values and trait–performance relationships across a water gradient may simplify efforts to model ecological processes, such as productivity, that are potentially influenced by environmentally induced shifts in trait values.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) as a tool for assessing fish biomass: A review of approaches and future considerations for resource surveys
Authors: Rourke Meaghan L. , Fowler Ashley M. , Hughes Julian M. , Broadhurst Matt K. , DiBattista Joseph D. , Fielder Stewart , Wilkes Walburn Jackson , Furlan Elise M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has revolutionized our ability to identify the presence and distributions of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Recent evidence suggests the concentration of eDNA could also provide a rapid, cost‐effective indicator of abundance and/or biomass for fisheries stock assessments. Globally, fisheries resources are under immense pressure, and their sustainable harvest requires accurate information on the sizes of fished stocks. However, in many cases the required information remains elusive because of a reliance on imprecise or costly fishery‐dependent and independent data. Here, we review the literature describing relationships between eDNA concentrations and fish abundance and/or biomass, as well as key influencing factors, as a precursor to determining the broader utility of eDNA for monitoring fish populations. We reviewed 63 studies published between 2012 and 2020 and found 90% identified positive relationships between eDNA concentrations and the abundance and/or biomass of focal species. Key influencing biotic factors included the taxon examined as well as their body size, distribution, reproduction, and migration. Key abiotic factors mostly comprised hydrological processes affecting the dispersal and persistence of eDNA, especially water flow and temperature, although eDNA collection methods were also influential. The cumulative influence of these different factors likely explains the substantial variability observed in eDNA concentrations, both within and among studies. Nevertheless, there is considerable evidence to support using eDNA as an ancillary tool for assessing fish population abundance and/or biomass across discrete spatio‐temporal scales, following preliminary investigations to determine species‐ and context‐specific factors influencing the eDNA abundance/biomass relationship. Advantages of eDNA monitoring relative to other approaches include reduced costs, increased efficiencies, and nonlethal sampling.
Simple equations to predict the effects of veno‐venous ECMO in decompensated Eisenmenger syndrome
Authors: Bonnemain Jean , Auberson Denise , Rutz Tobias , Yerly Patrick , Aubert John‐David , Roumy Aurélien , Pantet Olivier , Rusca Marco , Liaudet Lucas , Piquilloud Lise 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdult patients with uncorrected congenital heart diseases and chronic intracardiac shunt may develop Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) due to progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, with significant morbidity and mortality. Acute decompensation of ES in conditions promoting a further increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, such as pulmonary embolism or pneumonia, can precipitate major arterial hypoxia and death. In such conditions, increasing systemic oxygenation with veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO) could be life‐saving, serving as a bridge to treat a potential reversible cause for the decompensation, or to urgent lung transplantation. Anticipating the effects of VV‐ECMO in this setting could ease the clinical decision to initiate such therapeutic strategy. Here, we present a series of equations to accurately predict the effects of VV‐ECMO on arterial oxygenation in ES and illustrate this point by a case of ES decompensation with refractory hypoxaemia consecutive to an acute respiratory failure due to viral pneumonia.
Optimising care pathways for adult anorexia nervosa. What is the evidence to guide the provision of high‐quality, cost‐effective services?
Authors: Treasure Janet , Oyeleye Oyenike , Bonin Eva‐Maria , Zipfel Stephan , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to consider how changes in service planning and delivery might improve the care pathways for adult anorexia nervosa. Although anorexia nervosa has a long history in Europe, its framing as a mental disorder is quite recent. The changing forms and increasing epidemiology of eating disorders has led to the expansion of specialised services. Although some services provide care over the entire clinical course, more often services are divided into those that care for children and adolescents or adults. The transition needs to be carefully managed as currently these services may have a different ethos and expectations. Services for adults have a broad range of diversity (diagnostic subtype, medical severity, comorbidity, stage of illness and psychosocial functioning) all of which impacts on prognosis. A tailored, approach to treatment planning could optimise the pathway. Facilitating early help seeking and rapid diagnosis in primary care and reducing specialised services waiting lists for assessment and treatment could be a form of secondary prevention. The use of precision models and /or continuous outcome monitoring might reduce the third of patients who require more intensive care by applying augmentation strategies. Finally, gains from intensive care might be sustained by relapse prevention interventions and community support to bridge the transition home. Together these measures might reduce the proportion of patients (currently a third) with ill health for over 20 years. For this group rehabilitation strategies may improve functioning until new treatment emerge.
Estimation of initiation thresholds and soil loss from gully erosion on unpaved roads on China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhao Yiyang , Zhang Yan , Yuan Mutian , Yang Meng , Deng Jiayong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGullies form easily on unpaved road surfaces during heavy rainstorms on China's Loess Plateau. The integrated effect of rainfall, topography, vegetation, land use, and other factors determines where and when gully erosion occurs; however, the mechanisms driving gully erosion on unpaved road surfaces need to be further understood. Repeated gully erosion on some roads during the storm season provides a good opportunity to better understand the mechanisms behind gully erosion. This article aimed to quantify the integrated threshold conditions required for gully initiation in terms of topography, event rainfall, and upslope land use, and to propose an event‐based model to predict the position and magnitude of road gully erosion. Rill and gully erosion on unpaved roads were investigated after an extreme rainstorm of 212.2 mm in 2017 and a regular rainstorm of 83.8 mm in 2018. A digital surface model (DSM) derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images was used to analyze the road gradient (S) and upslope area (A). The runoff (QRS) of each road segment (RS) was estimated by the runoff curve number method. The results showed the following: (1) The mean and total gully volumes under the regular rainstorm were only 26.3% and 8.1% of those under the extreme rainstorm, respectively; (2) Gully formation on the surveyed roads under both the regular and the extreme rainstorm could be explained by the threshold relationship (S − 0.056)QRS3.363 ≥ 72.444; and (3) A non‐linear relationship between gully erosion in road segments and event runoff (QRS) and road gradient (S) was found, and was subsequently used to predict road gully erosion on an event basis.
A weighted essentially nonoscillatory‐based phase field lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible two‐phase flows with high density contrast
Authors: Ma Chao , Wu Jie , Jiang Lan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, a high order weighted essentially nonoscillatory finite difference‐based phase field lattice Boltzmann method (WENO‐PFLBM) is proposed for simulations of incompressible two‐phase flows with high density contrast. The weighted essentially nonoscillatory finite difference scheme is applied to discretize the convection term of the discrete Boltzmann equation for flow field. Moreover, the WENO scheme is also adopted to discretize the convection term of the modified Cahn–Hilliard equation for interface tracking. Numerical validations of the proposed WENO‐PFLBM are implemented by simulating stationary droplet, layered Poiseuille flow, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, bubble rising, and droplet impact on a thin film. Various numerical challenges like high density ratios (up to 1000), complex interfaces, and high Reynolds numbers are included in these examples, which demonstrate the robustness of the present method. In addition, the current method can achieve relatively small spurious velocity compared with the LB‐based model owing to the high order accuracy.
pH‐sensitive soluble soybean polysaccharide/SiO2 incorporated with curcumin for intelligent packaging applications
Authors: Salarbashi Davoud , Tafaghodi Mohsen , Bazzaz Bibi Sedigheh Fazly , Mohammad Aboutorabzade Seyyed , Fathi Morteza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of various concentrations of SiO2 nanoparticles (5, 10, and 15%) on physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS)‐based film was investigated. Then, the migration of SiO2 nanoparticles to ethanol as a food simulant was evaluated. Subsequently, curcumin was added to the nanocomposite formulation to sense the pH changes. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the developed packaging system was investigated. With increasing nanoparticle concentration, the film thickness, water solubility, and water vapor permeability decreased and mechanical performance of the films improved. SSPS/SiO2 nanocomposite did not show antibacterial activity. SEM analysis showed that SiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the SSPS matrix; however, some outstanding spots can be observed in the matrix. A very homogeneous surface was observed for neat SSPS film with Ra and Rq values of 3.48 and 4.26, respectively. With the incorporation of SiO2 (15%) into SSPS film, Ra and Rq values increased to 5.67 and 5.98, respectively. Small amount of SiO2 nanoparticles was released in food simulant. The nanocomposite incorporated with curcumin showed good physical properties and antibacterial activity. A strong positive correlation was observed between TVBN content of shrimp and a* values of the films during storage time (Pearson's correlation = 0.985).
Long‐term ecosystem and biogeochemical research in Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
Authors: Baron Jill S. , Clow David W. , Oleksy Isabella A. , Weinmann Timothy , Charlton Caitlin , Jayo Amanda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLoch Vale watershed was instrumented in 1983 with initial support from the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program to ask whether ecosystems of Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were affected by acidic atmospheric deposition. Research and monitoring activities were expanded in 1991 by the U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets program to understand the processes, and their interactions, controlling water, energy, and biogeochemical fluxes. With help from many collaborators we have characterized trends and patterns in atmospheric deposition, climate, and hydrology, including glaciers and other ice features. Instead of acidic deposition, we documented high atmospheric inputs of reactive nitrogen (Nr), and have studied the ecological consequences in soils, surface water, and vegetation. Using paleolimnology, we documented the onset of human‐caused change to lake primary producers ca. 1950 in response to increased Nr deposition and warming. Our results provided the basis for the Colorado Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan, a state policy that aims to reduce Nr emissions to protect resources in RMNP by 2032. Carbon cycle research revealed mountain wetlands now release more carbon than they store, and respiration and methane flux occurs even during winter through deep snow packs. Trend analyses found export of Nr to be closely tied to atmospheric inputs, but can lag in response to drought. Current research explores consequences of the combination of warming, changes in precipitation dynamics, and atmospheric deposition of Nr and dust on stream and lake CO2 dynamics, lake biology and trophic state, and soil carbon composition. Dramatic increases in park visitors have prompted studies on the effects of recreational use on water quality. New tools such as remote sensing and high frequency instream water quality sensors are being applied to lake and stream studies. Monitoring, combined with experiments, models, and spatial comparisons is an essential foundation for science‐based resource management.
Long‐term hydrological, biogeochemical, and climatological data from Walker Branch Watershed, East Tennessee, USA
Authors: Griffiths Natalie A. , Mulholland Patrick J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn 1967, the original Walker Branch Watershed (WBW) project was established to study elemental cycling and mass balances in a relatively unimpacted watershed. Over the next 50+ years, findings from additional experimental studies and long‐term observations on WBW advanced understanding of catchment hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology and established WBW as a seminal site for catchment science. The 97.5‐ha WBW is located in East Tennessee, USA, on the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation. Vegetation on the watershed is characteristic of an eastern deciduous, second‐growth forest. The watershed is divided into two subcatchments: the West Fork (38.4 ha) and the East Fork (59.1 ha). Headwater streams draining these subcatchments are fed by multiple springs, and thus flow is perennial. Stream water is high in base cations due to weathering of dolomite bedrock and nutrient concentrations are low. Long‐term observations of climate, hydrology, and biogeochemistry include daily (1969–2014) and 15‐min (1994–2014) stream discharge and annual runoff (1969–2014); hourly, daily, and annual rainfall (1969–2012); daily climate and soil temperature (1993–2010); and weekly stream water chemistry (1989–2013). These long‐term datasets are publicly available on the WBW website (https://walkerbranch.ornl.gov/long‐term‐data/). While collection of these data has ceased, related long‐term measurements continue through the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), where WBW is the core terrestrial and aquatic site in the Appalachian and Cumberland Plateau region (NEON's Domain 7) of the United States. These long‐term datasets have been and will continue to be important in evaluating the influence of climatic and environmental drivers on catchment processes.
Pediatric double positive anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibody and anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody glomerulonephritis—A case report with review of literature
Authors: Helander Louise , Hanna Melisha , Annen Kyle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnti‐glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is a rarely described entity in the pediatric population, especially in those less than 3 years old. Even rarer, is double seropositive disease, consisting of anti‐GBM antibody plus anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Both single and double antibody positive diseases are characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, often without pulmonary involvement in the pediatric population. We report the case of a 2‐year‐old child with double seropositive anti‐GBM disease, the youngest in the current literature, along with the role of therapeutic plasma exchange and rituximab in disease treatment.
Isolation of three polyoxins by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with pure aqueous mobile phase
Authors: Li Zhidong , Jiang Dasen , Dai Yingping , Dai Zhuoshun , Jin Yu , Fu Qing , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeveloping methods for the isolation of highly polar compounds from complex samples is of great significance. In this study, three polyoxins were successfully isolated from a complex sample (PN1‐1#) by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Separation was carried out on five polar reversed‐phase stationary phases, using pure aqueous as mobile phase, where the C18HC column can provide the best performance for PN1‐1#. Next, the effects of the mobile phase composition were studied. It was found that adding NaClO4 can enhance the retention and resolution, and adding NaH2PO4 was beneficial to maintain good peak shapes when the sample loading increased. Therefore, the optimized mobile phase consisting of 20 mmol NaH2PO4 and 20 mmol NaClO4 (adding H3PO4 to adjust pH 2) was used to separate PN1‐1#. This method of using 100% aqueous phase can effectively improve both the retention and the solubility of polar samples. Eventually, through further purification, three compounds, namely, polyoxins B, D, and G, were obtained. This paper provided an effective and eco‐friendly strategy for the preparative‐scale separation of polar samples.
Recent progress of microfluidics in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Xia Ling , Li Gongke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a significant analytical tool capable of fingerprint identification of molecule in a rapid and ultrasensitive manner. However, it is still hard to meet the requirements of practical sample analysis. The introduction of microfluidics can effectively enhance the performance of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy in complex sample analysis including reproducibility, selectivity, sensitivity, and speed. This review summarizes the recent progress of microfluidics in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis through four combination approaches. First, microfluidic synthetic techniques offer uniform nano‐/microparticle fabrication approaches for reproductive surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis. Second, the integration of microchip and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic substrate provides advanced devices for sensitive and efficient detection. Third, microfluidic sample preparations enable rapid separation and preconcentration of analyte prior to surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection. Fourth, highly integrated microfluidic devices can be employed to realize multistep surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis containing material fabrication, sample preparation, and detection processes. Furthermore, the challenges and outlooks of the application of microfluidics in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis are discussed.