bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Co3O4 Polyhedron@MnO2 Nanotube Composite as Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Zhiguang , Yang Yuebei , Qin Junling , He Jieying , Su Zixue 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel lollipop nanostructure of Co3O4@MnO2 composite is prepared as anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Cobalt metal–organic framework (ZIF‐67) is grown on the open end of MnO2 nanotubes via a self‐assembly process. The obtained ZIF‐67@MnO2 is then converted to Co3O4@MnO2 by a simple annealing treatment in air. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction characterizations indicate that the prepared Co3O4@MnO2 takes a lollipop nanostructure with a stick of ≈100 nm in diameter, consisting of MnO2 nanotube, and a head part of ≈1 µm, consisting of Co3O4 nanoparticles. The charge–discharge tests illustrate that this unique novel configuration endows the resulting Co3O4@MnO2 with excellent electrochemical performances, delivering a capacity of 1080 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1 after 160 cycles, and 696 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 210 cycles, compared with 404 mAh g−1 and 590 for pure Co3O4 polyhedrons and pure MnO2 nanotubes at 300 mA g−1 after 160 cycles, respectively. The lollipop configuration consisting of porous Co3O4 polyhedron and MnO2 nanotube shows excellent structural stability and facilitates lithium insertion/extraction, leading to excellent cyclic stability and rate capacity of Co3O4@MnO2‐based LIBs.
Ermittlung von Inspektionsintervallen für Rissprüfungen an historischen genieteten Eisenbahnbrücken auf Basis der Bruchmechanik – Teil 1
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Derler Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEine konventionelle Restlebensdauerbeurteilung, auf Basis von Ermüdungs‐Festigkeitslinien (Wöhlerlinien), führt bei historischen genieteten Eisenbahnbrücken meist zu konservativen und unwägbaren Ergebnissen wegen des großen Einflusses der Ermüdungsschädigung aus der Vergangenheit, für die die Betriebszüge meist nur unzureichend bekannt sind. Für eine repräsentative einfeldrige Fachwerkbrücke erfolgte eine alternative Vorgehensweise auf Basis der Bruchmechanik, mit vorheriger Kalibrierung eines zutreffenden Bruchmechanikmodells anhand von Schwingversuchen an ausgebauten historischen und künstlich gekerbten Fahrbahnträgern sowie Betriebskollektiven aus simulierten Betriebszugsüberfahrten. Darauf wird in Teil 1 des Beitrags eingegangen. Bei vorausgesetzten Anfangsrisslängen, die im Zuge einer konventionellen Brückenprüfung feststellbar sind, lassen sich Restlebensdauern für die einzelnen Bauteile – bis zur Gefahr eines plötzlichen Sprödbruchs – ermitteln und daraus sinnvolle Inspektionsintervalle ableiten. Dies ist der Inhalt von Teil 2 des Beitrags.
Solutions to the problem of drinking water service affordability: A review of the evidence
Authors: Pierce Gregory , El‐Khattabi Ahmed Rachid , Gmoser‐Daskalakis Kyra , Chow Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRapidly‐growing concern among scholars and policy makers over residential drinking water affordability in the United States highlights the need to identify and assess the efficacy of potential solutions to address this problem. Accordingly, in this advanced review of the literature, we examine the state of scholarly evidence over the last 30 years on the prevalence and effectiveness of strategies to address household drinking water affordability in the United States. We classify interventions into four categories: rate structure designs, water efficiency programs, recurring bill assistance, and crisis relief. Our findings are twofold. First, the conceptual literature on affordability interventions is fairly robust, but demonstrates both tradeoffs and complementarities across the four approaches. Second, despite employing a PRISMA approach, we identify few empirical studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of affordability interventions in practice, especially the targeted approaches of recurring bill assistance and crisis relief. The literature on affordability interventions thus appears to lag considerably behind scholarship identifying and defining the problem of affordability. Accordingly, we suggest key questions throughout our review that need to be answered, thereby providing an agenda for future research on drinking water affordability solutions.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Value of Water
Semi-Abelian gauge theories, non-invertible symmetries, and string tensions beyond N-ality
Authors: Nguyen Mendel , Tanizaki Yuya , Ünsal Mithat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study a 3d lattice gauge theory with gauge group U(1)N−1 ⋊ SN, which is obtained by gauging the SN global symmetry of a pure U(1)N−1 gauge theory, and we call it the semi-Abelian gauge theory. We compute mass gaps and string tensions for both theories using the monopole-gas description. We find that the effective potential receives equal contributions at leading order from monopoles associated with the entire SU(N) root system. Even though the center symmetry of the semi-Abelian gauge theory is given by ℤN, we observe that the string tensions do not obey the N-ality rule and carry more detailed information on the representations of the gauge group. We find that this refinement is due to the presence of non-invertible topological lines as a remnant of U(1)N−1 one-form symmetry in the original Abelian lattice theory. Upon adding charged particles corresponding to W-bosons, such non-invertible symmetries are explicitly broken so that the N-ality rule should emerge in the deep infrared regime.
On duality of color and kinematics in (A)dS momentum space
Authors: Albayrak Soner , Kharel Savan , Meltzer David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explore color-kinematic duality for tree-level AdS/CFT correlators in momentum space. We start by studying the bi-adjoint scalar in AdS at tree-level as an illustrative example. We follow this by investigating two forms of color-kinematic duality in Yang-Mills theory, the first for the integrated correlator in AdS4 and the second for the integrand in general AdSd+1. For the integrated correlator, we find color-kinematics does not yield additional relations among n-point, color-ordered correlators. To study color-kinematics for the AdSd+1 Yang-Mills integrand, we use a spectral representation of the bulk-to-bulk propagator so that AdS diagrams are similar in structure to their flat space counterparts. Finally, we study color KLT relations for the integrated correlator and double-copy relations for the AdS integrand. We find that double-copy in AdS naturally relates the bi-adjoint theory in AdSd+3 to Yang-Mills in AdSd+1. We also find a double-copy relation at three-points between Yang-Mills in AdSd+1 and gravity in AdSd−1 and comment on the higher-point generalization. By analytic continuation, these results on AdS/CFT correlators can be translated into statements about the wave function of the universe in de Sitter.
Proktitis (ohne chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung)
Authors: Kronberger Irmgard E. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungVermehrter Stuhldrang, Schleim‑/Blutabgänge sowie Läsionen an der Mukosa und ödematöse Veränderungen sind typische Beschwerden von Patienten mit Proktitis. Die Symptomatik und häufig auch die klinische Präsentation der Proktitiden sind nicht selten unspezifisch bzw. ähnlich und bedürfen aufgrund der drohenden Komplikationen mit Lebensqualitätseinschränkung einer guten Anamnese und des Wissens um die vielfältigen Ursachen. Man muss die Differenzialdiagnosen kennen, um sie auch erkennen zu können. Unser Fallbeispiel zeigt die Tücken einer vermeintlich leichten Diagnostik. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden fast alle Proktitiden außer jener der chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen beschrieben.
Injuries to the anterolateral ligament are observed more frequently compared to lesions to the deep iliotibial tract (Kaplan fibers) in anterior cruciate ligamant deficient knees using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Runer Armin , Dammerer Dietmar , Kranewitter Christoph , Giesinger Johannes M. , Henninger Benjamin , Hirschmann Michael T. , Liebensteiner Michael C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the accuracy of detection, injury rate and inter- and intrarater reproducibility in visualizing lesions to the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and the deep portion of the iliotibial tract (dITT) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees.

Methods
Ninety-one consecutive patients, out of those 25 children (age 14.3 ± 3.5 years), with diagnosed ACL tears were included. Two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed MRI data focusing on accuracy of detection and potential injuries to the ALL or dITT. Lesion were diagnosed in case of discontinued fibers in combination with intra- or peri-ligamentous edema and graded as intact, partial or complete tears. Cohen’s Kappa and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined for inter- and intrarater reliability measures.

Results
The ALL and dITT were visible in 52 (78.8%) and 56 (84.8%) of adult-and 25 (100%) and 19 (76.0%) of pediatric patients, respectively. The ALL was injured in 45 (58.5%; partial: 36.4%, compleate: 22.1%) patients. Partial and comleate tears, where visualized in 21 (40.4%) and 16 (30.8%) adult- and seven (28.0%) and one (4%) peditric patients. A total of 16 (21.3%; partial: 13.3%, compleate: 8.0%) dITT injuries were identified. Partal and complete lesions were seen in seven (12.5%) and five (8.9%) adult- and three (15.8%) and one (5.3%) pediatric patients. Combined injuries were visualized in nine (12.7%) patients. Inter-observer (0.91–0.95) and intra-observer (0.93–0.95) reproducibility was high.

Conclusion
In ACL injured knees, tears of the ALL are observed more frequently compared to lesions to the deep iliotibial tract. Combined injuries of both structures are rare. Clinically, the preoperative visualization of potentially injured structures of the anterolateral knee is crucial and is important for a more personalized preoperative planning and tailored anatomical reconstruction. The clinical implication of injuries to the anterolateral complex of the knee needs further investigation.

Level of evidence
II.
Punching test for estimating tensile strength and total elongation of steel sheets
Authors: Nakamura Naotaka , Mori Ken-ichiro , Okada Hiroki , Abe Yohei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA punching test for simply estimating the tensile strength and total elongation of steel sheets and formed parts was proposed. The tensile strength and total elongation were estimated from the shear stress at the maximum punching load and percentage of the burnished depth at the sheared edge of the slug measured without cutting, respectively. For a variety of steel sheets with a range of the tensile strength from 360 to 1500 MPa, linear functions for the estimation were experimentally obtained. The correlation of the estimated tensile strength of the steel sheets with the measured one from the uniaxial tensile test was considerably high, and the correlation of the estimated total elongation was high. The distributions of tensile strength and total elongation for hot- and cold-stamped parts were estimated. The proposed punching test is available under not only a laboratory environment but also a factory environment.
Typical Sequences Revisited — Computing Width Parameters of Graphs
Authors: Bodlaender Hans L. , Jaffke Lars , Telle Jan Arne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, we give a structural lemma on merges of typical sequences, a notion that was introduced in 1991 [Lagergren and Arnborg, Bodlaender and Kloks, both ICALP 1991] to obtain constructive linear time parameterized algorithms for treewidth and pathwidth. The lemma addresses a runtime bottleneck in those algorithms but so far it does not lead to asymptotically faster algorithms. However, we apply the lemma to show that the cutwidth and the modified cutwidth of series parallel digraphs can be computed in polynomial time.
Diet affects glycosylation of serum proteins in women at risk for cardiometabolic disease
Authors: Kim Tyler , Xie Yixuan , Li Qiongyu , Artegoitia Virginia M. , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Keim Nancy L. , Adams Sean H. , Krishnan Sridevi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Glycoproteomics deals with glycoproteins that are formed by post-translational modification when sugars (like fucose and sialic acid) are attached to protein. Glycosylation of proteins influences function, but whether glycosylation is altered by diet is unknown.

Objective
To evaluate the effect of consuming a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on circulating glycoproteins that have previously been associated with cardiometabolic diseases.

Design
Forty-four women, with one or more metabolic syndrome characteristics, completed an 8-week randomized controlled feeding intervention (n = 22) consuming a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA 2010); the remaining consumed a ‘typical American diet’ (TAD, n = 22). Fasting serum samples were obtained at week0 (baseline) and week8 (post-intervention); 17 serum proteins were chosen for targeted analyses. Protein standards and serum samples were analyzed in a UHPLC-MS protocol to determine peptide concentration and their glycan (fucosylation or sialylation) profiles. Data at baseline were used in correlational analyses; change in proteins and glycans following intervention were used in non-parametric analyses.

Results
At baseline, women with more metabolic syndrome characteristics had more fucosylation (total di-fucosylated proteins: p = 0.045) compared to women with a lesser number of metabolic syndrome characteristics. Dietary refined grain intake was associated with increased total fucosylation (ρ = − 0.530, p < 0.001) and reduced total sialylation (ρ = 0.311, p = 0.042). After the 8-week intervention, there was higher sialylation following the DGA diet (Total di-sialylated protein p = 0.018, poly-sialylated orosomucoid p = 0.012) compared to the TAD diet.

Conclusions
Based on this study, glycosylation of proteins is likely affected by dietary patterns; higher sialylation was associated with a healthier diet pattern. Altered glycosylation is associated with several diseases, particularly cancer and type 2 diabetes, and this study raises the possibility that diet may influence disease state by altering glycosylation.

Clinical trial registration
NCT02298725 at clinicaltrials.gov; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02298725.
Prediction of daily suspended sediment load (SSL) using new optimization algorithms and soft computing models
Authors: Darabi Hamid , Mohamadi Sedigheh , Karimidastenaei Zahra , Kisi Ozgur , Ehteram Mohammad , ELShafie Ahmed , Torabi Haghighi Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate modeling and prediction of suspended sediment load (SSL) in rivers have an important role in environmental science and design of engineering structures and are vital for watershed management. Since different parameters such as rainfall, temperature, and discharge with the different lag times have significant effects on the SSL, quantifying and understanding nonlinear interactions of the sediment dynamics has always been a challenge. In this study, three soft computing models (multilayer perceptron (MLP), adaptive neuro-fuzzy system (ANFIS), and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)) were used to predict daily SSL. Four optimization algorithms (sine–cosine algorithm (SCA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), firefly algorithm (FFA), and bat algorithm (BA)) were used to improve the capability of SSL prediction of the models. Data from gauging stations at the mouth of the Kasilian and Talar rivers in northern Iran were used in the analysis. The selection of input combinations for the models was based on principal component analysis (PCA). Uncertainty in sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2) and performance indicators were used to assess the potential of models. Taylor diagrams were used to visualize the match between model output and observed values. Assessment of daily SSL predictions for Talar station revealed that ANFIS-SCA yielded the best results (RMSE (root mean square error): 934.2 ton/day, MAE (mean absolute error): 912.2 ton/day, NSE (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency): 0.93, PBIAS: 0.12). ANFIS-SCA also yielded the best results for Kasilian station (RMSE: 1412.10 ton/day, MAE: 1403.4 ton/day, NSE: 0.92, PBIAS: 0.14). The Taylor diagram confirmed that ANFIS-SCA achieved the best match between observed and predicted values for various hydraulic and hydrological parameters at both Talar and Kasilian stations. Further, the models were tested in Eagel Creek Basin, Indiana state, USA. The results indicated that the ANFIS-SCA model reduced RMSE by 15% and 21% compared to the MLP-SCA and RBFNN-SCA models in the training phase. Comparing models performance indicated that the ANFIS-SCA model could decrease MAE error compared to ANFIS-BA, ANFIS-PSO, ANFIS-FFA, and ANFIS models by 18%, 32%, 37%, and 49% in the training phase, respectively. The results indicated that the integration of optimization algorithms and soft computing models can improve the ability of models for predicting SSL. Additionally, the hybridization of soft computing models with optimization algorithms can decrease the uncertainty of models.
Contributions of pictorial and binocular cues to the perception of distance in virtual reality
Authors: Hornsey Rebecca L. , Hibbard Paul B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe assessed the contribution of binocular disparity and the pictorial cues of linear perspective, texture, and scene clutter to the perception of distance in consumer virtual reality. As additional cues are made available, distance perception is predicted to improve, as measured by a reduction in systematic bias, and an increase in precision. We assessed (1) whether space is nonlinearly distorted; (2) the degree of size constancy across changes in distance; and (3) the weighting of pictorial versus binocular cues in VR. In the first task, participants positioned two spheres so as to divide the egocentric distance to a reference stimulus (presented between 3 and 11 m) into three equal thirds. In the second and third tasks, participants set the size of a sphere, presented at the same distances and at eye-height, to match that of a hand-held football. Each task was performed in four environments varying in the available cues. We measured accuracy by identifying systematic biases in responses and precision as the standard deviation of these responses. While there was no evidence of nonlinear compression of space, participants did tend to underestimate distance linearly, but this bias was reduced with the addition of each cue. The addition of binocular cues, when rich pictorial cues were already available, reduced both the bias and variability of estimates. These results show that linear perspective and binocular cues, in particular, improve the accuracy and precision of distance estimates in virtual reality across a range of distances typical of many indoor environments.
Continuous facility location on graphs
Authors: Hartmann Tim A. , Lendl Stefan , Woeginger Gerhard J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study a continuous facility location problem on undirected graphs where all edges have unit length and where the facilities may be positioned on the vertices as well as on interior points of the edges. The goal is to cover the entire graph with a minimum number of facilities with covering range $$\delta >0$$

δ
>
0

. In other words, we want to position as few facilities as possible subject to the condition that every point on every edge is at distance at most $$\delta $$
δ
from one of these facilities. We investigate this covering problem in terms of the rational parameter $$\delta $$
δ
. We prove that the problem is polynomially solvable whenever $$\delta $$
δ
is a unit fraction, and that the problem is NP-hard for all non unit fractions $$\delta $$
δ
. We also analyze the parametrized complexity with the solution size as parameter: The resulting problem is fixed parameter tractable for $$\delta <3/2$$

δ
<
3
/
2

, and it is W[2]-hard for $$\delta \ge 3/2$$

δ
≥
3
/
2

.
Depletion of Arg/Abl2 improves endothelial cell adhesion and prevents vascular leak during inflammation
Authors: Amado-Azevedo Joana , van Stalborch Anne-Marieke D. , Valent Erik T. , Nawaz Kalim , van Bezu Jan , Eringa Etto C. , Hoevenaars Femke P. M. , De Cuyper Iris M. , Hordijk Peter L. , van Hinsbergh Victor W. M. , van Nieuw Amerongen Geerten P. , Aman Jurjan , Margadant Coert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEndothelial barrier disruption and vascular leak importantly contribute to organ dysfunction and mortality during inflammatory conditions like sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We identified the kinase Arg/Abl2 as a mediator of endothelial barrier disruption, but the role of Arg in endothelial monolayer regulation and its relevance in vivo remain poorly understood. Here we show that depletion of Arg in endothelial cells results in the activation of both RhoA and Rac1, increased cell spreading and elongation, redistribution of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions to the cell periphery, and improved adhesion to the extracellular matrix. We further show that Arg is activated in the endothelium during inflammation, both in murine lungs exposed to barrier-disruptive agents, and in pulmonary microvessels of septic patients. Importantly, Arg-depleted endothelial cells were less sensitive to barrier-disruptive agents. Despite the formation of F-actin stress fibers and myosin light chain phosphorylation, Arg depletion diminished adherens junction disruption and intercellular gap formation, by reducing the disassembly of cell-matrix adhesions and cell retraction. In vivo, genetic deletion of Arg diminished vascular leak in the skin and lungs, in the presence of a normal immune response. Together, our data indicate that Arg is a central and non-redundant regulator of endothelial barrier integrity, which contributes to cell retraction and gap formation by increasing the dynamics of adherens junctions and cell-matrix adhesions in a Rho GTPase-dependent fashion. Therapeutic inhibition of Arg may provide a suitable strategy for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions characterized by vascular leak.
Portfolio management system in equity market neutral using reinforcement learning
Authors: Wu Mu-En , Syu Jia-Hao , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Ho Jan-Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPortfolio management involves position sizing and resource allocation. Traditional and generic portfolio strategies require forecasting of future stock prices as model inputs, which is not a trivial task since those values are difficult to obtain in the real-world applications. To overcome the above limitations and provide a better solution for portfolio management, we developed a Portfolio Management System (PMS) using reinforcement learning with two neural networks (CNN and RNN). A novel reward function involving Sharpe ratios is also proposed to evaluate the performance of the developed systems. Experimental results indicate that the PMS with the Sharpe ratio reward function exhibits outstanding performance, increasing return by 39.0% and decreasing drawdown by 13.7% on average compared to the reward function of trading return. In addition, the proposed model is more suitable for the construction of a reinforcement learning portfolio, but has 1.98 times more drawdown risk than the . Among the conducted datasets, the PMS outperforms the benchmark strategies in TW50 and traditional stocks, but is inferior to a benchmark strategy in the financial dataset. The PMS is profitable, effective, and offers lower investment risk among almost all datasets. The novel reward function involving the Sharpe ratio enhances performance, and well supports resource-allocation for empirical stock trading.