bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Candidate Genes Related to Seed
Abortion in Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill)
Authors: Shao Fengxia , Yin Hengfu , Wang Sen , Zhang Saiyang , Chen Juan , Feng Can 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Seed abortion is a common phenomenon in Chinese jujube that seriously
hinders the process of cross-breeding. However, the molecular mechanisms of seed abortion remain
unclear in jujube.

Methods:
Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing using eight flower and fruit tissues at different
developmental stages in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Zhongqiusucui’ to identify key genes related
to seed abortion. Histological analysis revealed a critical developmental process of embryo abortion
after fertilization.

Results:
Comparisons of gene expression revealed a total of 14,012 differentially expressed genes.
Functional enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes between various sample types uncovered
several important biological processes, such as embryo development, cellular metabolism,
and stress response, that were potentially involved in the regulation of seed abortion. Furthermore,
gene co-expression network analysis revealed a suite of potential key genes related to ovule and
seed development. We focused on three types of candidate genes, agamous subfamily genes, plant
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G transporters, and metacaspase enzymes, and showed that the expression
profiles of some members were associated with embryo abortion.

Conclusions:
This work generates a comprehensive gene expression data source for unraveling the
molecular mechanisms of seed abortion and aids future cross-breeding efforts in jujube.
MnO, Co and Ni Nanoparticle Synthesis by Oleylamie and Oleic Acid
Authors: He Wencai , Qi Yifang , Erugu Uppalaiah , Moore Jaiden , Zhu Xianchun , Han Fengxiang , Tang Jinke , Dai Qilin 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Magnetic nanoparticles are attracting much attention toward easy
operation and size controllable synthesis methods. We develop a method to synthesize MnO, Co,
CoO, and Ni nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of metal 2,4-pentanedionates in the presence
of oleylamine (OLA), oleic acid (OA), and 1-octadecene (ODE).

Methods:
Similar experimental conditions are used to prepare nanoparticles except for the metal
starting materials (manganese 2,4-pentanedionate, nickel 2,4-pentanedionate, and cobalt 2,4-
pentanedionate), leading to different products. For the manganese 2,4-pentanedionate starting
material, MnO nanoparticles are always obtained as the reaction is controlled with different
temperatures, precursor concentrations, ligand ratios, and reaction time. For the cobalt 2,4-
pentanedionate starting material, only three experimental conditions can produce pure phase CoO
and Co nanoparticles. For the nickel 2,4-pentanedionate starting material, only three experimental
conditions lead to the production of pure phase Ni nanoparticles.

Results:
The nanoparticle sizes increase with the increase of reaction temperatures. It is observed
that the reaction time affects nanoparticle growth. The nanoparticles are studied by XRD, TEM,
and magnetic measurements.

Conclusion:
This work presents a facile method to prepare nanoparticles with different sizes,
which provides a fundamental understanding of nanoparticle growth in solution.
Perceptions of Factors Influencing Engagement With Health and Well-being Apps in the United Kingdom: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Szinay Dorothy , Perski Olga , Jones Andy , Chadborn Tim , Brown Jamie , Naughton Felix 
Published: November 2021

Background
Digital health devices, such as health and well-being smartphone apps, could offer an accessible and cost-effective way to deliver health and well-being interventions. A key component of the effectiveness of health and well-being apps is user engagement. However, engagement with health and well-being apps is typically poor. Previous studies have identified a list of factors that could influence engagement; however, most of these studies were conducted on a particular population or for an app targeting a particular behavior. An understanding of the factors that influence engagement with a wide range of health and well-being apps can inform the design and the development of more engaging apps in general.

Objective
The aim of this study is to explore user experiences of and reasons for engaging and not engaging with a wide range of health and well-being apps.

Methods
A sample of adults in the United Kingdom (N=17) interested in using a health or well-being app participated in a semistructured interview to explore experiences of engaging and not engaging with these apps. Participants were recruited via social media platforms. Data were analyzed with the framework approach, informed by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation–Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework, which are 2 widely used frameworks that incorporate a comprehensive set of behavioral influences.

Results
Factors that influence the capability of participants included available user guidance, statistical and health information, reduced cognitive load, well-designed reminders, self-monitoring features, features that help establish a routine, features that offer a safety net, and stepping-stone app characteristics. Tailoring, peer support, and embedded professional support were identified as important factors that enhance user opportunities for engagement with health and well-being apps. Feedback, rewards, encouragement, goal setting, action planning, self-confidence, and commitment were judged to be the motivation factors that affect engagement with health and well-being apps.

Conclusions
Multiple factors were identified across all components of the COM-B model that may be valuable for the development of more engaging health and well-being apps. Engagement appears to be influenced primarily by features that provide user guidance, promote minimal cognitive load, support self-monitoring (capability), provide embedded social support (opportunity), and provide goal setting with action planning (motivation). This research provides recommendations for policy makers, industry, health care providers, and app developers for increasing effective engagement.
О 21-ЛЕТНИХ КОЛЕБАНИЯХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ВОЗДУХА
Authors: Молодых Владимир 
Published: November 2021

Анализ рядов январских температур воздуха на 15 длиннорядных станциях на территории Японии с применением низкочастотной цифровой фильтрации показал наличие устойчивых колебаний с характерной длительностью, соответствующей длительности двойного солнечного цикла (21 год), для южных и центральных районов рассмотренной территории.
Размах колебаний температуры в указанном цикле составляет 1,0-1,5 oC. Максимумы колебаний температуры в 21-летнем цикле наблюдаются спустя 1-5 лет после максимумов двойного солнечного цикла, то есть после максимумов четных 11-летних циклов.
Systematization of Material Flows of Natural and Secondary Raw Materials of Phosphorus Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Abildayeva Aray , Turgumbayeva Khalima , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The production of elemental phosphorus is a material- and energy-intensive process, which makes it important to improve the technology in order to maximize savings of raw materials and electricity. At the enterprises of the phosphorus industry of Karatau-Zhambyl TIC (territorial-industrial complex) there is an incomplete use of production capacity, which is due both to organizational reasons, and largely due to the properties of commercial phosphorites of the Karatau basin. The decisive factor is the use of mine phosphate rock fines and waste from Karatau-Zhambyl TIC and phosphate plants, previously sent to the dumps. The system approach to the study of interaction of the chemical enterprise with the environment allowed to present mineral flows in the system, accumulation and transformation of matter in the constituent blocks-systems in a new way, to offer a new methodological approach to the system management based on the analysis of its information content; to reveal contradictions in research, design and management processes of ‘Chemical enterprise-environment’ system (ChE-E).
New Record of the Bottle Liverworts Sphaerocarpos Donnellii Aust. for Iraq and Middle East Countries
Authors: Al-Ni'ma Basheer Ali Basheer 
Published: November 2021

The Order Sphaerocarpales of the bottle liverwort consists of five genera, among which Sphaerocarpos in turn consists of 8-9 species. The genus is nearly worldwide distributed, but disjunct, sporadic, and localized throughout the range in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia. According to the published checklist, only two species of Sphaerocarpos were recorded in the middle east countries. These are S. texanus and S. michelii, both were found in Turkey, while only the latter was found in Iraq. By the current study, an additional species, S. donnellii, will be added to the byroflora of the Middle East (south west Asia) region. A specimen of this species was found in Mosul city, Nineveh province, Iraq, grown on loamy soil in a house garden.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah Anugerah Foods Sentra Aneka Keripik di Desa Jungke Magetan
Authors: Ari Kadi Dian Citaningtyas , Ananta Fauzi Rizal Ula 
Published: November 2021

Community service programs are programs that aim to help the community without expecting anything in return. This service program seeks to help the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) group "Anugerah Foods, Various Chips Center" located in Jungke Village, Karas District, Magetan Regency in dealing with various problems. Anugerah Foods is currently still constrained by a marketing strategy that still uses a personal selling strategy or is sold around Jungke Village. The main objective of this community service program is to provide innovation by introducing an online marketing system. The innovation introduced to Anugerah Foods is an online marketing strategy through a website, namely WordPress and social media in the form of Facebook and Instagram. By conducting visits and training on online strategy operations to Anugerah Foods members, it is our effort to convey innovation to be able to compete in the market and maintain good product quality. For students, this community service program is intended to fulfill entrepreneurial learning tasks and learn about entrepreneurship that they upload.
Keywords: Online marketing, Inovation, MSME, Chips Center
ПОЗДНЕДЬЯКОВСКИЕ И ПОСТДЬЯКОВСКИЕ ПАМЯТНИКИ НА СРЕДНЕЙ ОКЕ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТОПОГРАФИИ И СИСТЕМЫ РАССЕЛЕНИЯ
Authors: А.А. Трошина 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются памятники позднедьяковского и постдьяковского времени на Средней Оке (участок течения между устьем р. Протвы и устьем р. Москвы) с точки зрения их топографии. Анализ архивных данных позволил выделить несколько хронологических групп памятников в рамках I тыс. на данной территории и определить ряд особенностей системы расселения в это время. Для селищ I тыс. н. э. характерно мысовое расположение. Расселение в пойме и вдоль реки чаще встречается во второй половине I тыс. н. э. Отмечена тенденция к возрастанию количества известных памятников от начала к концу I тыс. н. э.
The paper examines sites dated to the late Dyakovo and post-Dyakovo period in the Middle Oka region (the stream section between the mouth of the Protva river and the Moskva river) from the point of view of their topography. Analysis of archival data enabled the author to single out several chronological groups of sites in this region dating to I millennium AD and determine a number of settlement system characteristics typical for that time. Location in the promontory was typical for unfortified settlements dating to I millennium whereas settlement in the low-lying flood-prone areas and location along the river were more frequent in the second half of I millennium. It should be noted that the number of known sites dating to the period from early I to the end of I millennium has increased.
ТКАНИ ИЗ ЭЛИТАРНОГО ПОЗДНЕСРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО ВОИНСКОГО ПОГРЕБЕНИЯ ПСЕКУПСКАЯ ‒ 3/1 (РЕСПУБЛИКА АДЫГЕЯ)
Authors: И.А. Дружинина , И.И. Елкина 
Published: November 2021

В статье представлен анализ текстильных остатков, выявленных в погребении адыгского воина второй половины XV - начала XVI в. из курганной группы Псекупская - 3, располагавшейся на южном берегу Краснодарского водохранилища, близ аула Ново-Вочепший Теучежского района Республики Адыгея.
The paper analyzes textile remains revealed in a grave of an Adyghe warrior. This grave was excavated in the kurgan group known as Psekupskaya - 3 located on the southern shore of the Krasnodar water reservoir near the Novo-Vochepshy village, Teuchezhsky District, Republic of Adygeya. The assemblage dates to the second half of the 15th - early 16th centuries.
НАДПИСЬ № 3 X в. ИЗ МУРФАТЛАРА (с. БАСАРАБИ, РУМЫНИЯ)
Authors: А.А. Медынцева 
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена дискуссионному прочтению одной из самой исторически важной кириллической надписи-граффити X в. ( 3) из скального монастыря близ с. Мурфатлар (Румыния). Эта надпись состоит из двух частей. Удовлетворительно прочитаны К. Попконстантиновым и О. Кронштайнером лишь первые четыре строки, в которых говорится о построении церкви, посвященной св. Георгию. Относительно новое прочтение и полное восстановление текста А. А. Зализняком до сих пор не привлекло внимания научной общественности, хотя оно вводит эту уникальную в историческом смысле надпись в область взаимоотношений монастыря и местного населения и объясняет ее как запись об оброке или обете двух крестьян в пользу монастыря (церкви Св. Георгия). Новый пересмотр позволяет уточнить значение слова делает как возделывает , а термина крын (крин) - на основании аналогий с древнерусскими письменными источниками - не как меры зерна или каменных сосудов, а как поземельной меры. Кроме того, необходимо подчеркнуть упоминание зерновой культуры рожь в старославянском тексте X в.
The paper proposes an interpretation of one of the most historically important Cyrillic inscriptions, i.e. the 10th century graffito (No. 3) from a rock monastery near the Murfatlar village (modern Rumania). The inscription consists of two parts. Only the first four lines reporting about the construction of a church dedicated to St. George have been interpreted adequately (K. Popkonstantinov and O. Kronsteiner). A relatively recent interpretation and full restoration of the text by A. A. Zaliznyak has not yet attracted due attention of the scientific community, though it puts this historically unique inscription in the context of relations between the monastery and the local community. The author explains this inscription as a record on tithe or a vow of two peasants in favor of the monastery (the St. George church). The proposed revision of the inscription helps clarify the interpretation of the phrase performs as cultivates while the term kryn (krin) is read as a measure of land based on analogies with Russian medieval written sources rather than a measure of grain or size of stone vessels. The paper draws attention to the mentioning of the rye in the Old Slavic text of the 10th century.
АНТРОПОЛОГО-ТАФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МУЖСКИХ ПОГРЕБЕНИЙ НЕКРОПОЛЯ ВОЛНА 1
Authors: А.Н. Абрамова , А.Н. Берлизов 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены результаты анализа погребального обряда и антропологических коллекций грунтового могильника Волна 1 VI-III вв. до н. э. Могильник на сегодняшний день является одним из наиболее полно изученных на азиатском Боспоре. В результате внутри группового анализа указателей, описывающих форму диафизов длинных костей, выделено три группы населения. Полученные результаты были проверены с помощью методов археологии. Также был проведен межгрупповой анализ трех выделенных групп населения с другими популяциями, проживавшими в раннем железном веке в Северо-Западном Предкавказье. Удалось показать значительное сходство двух выделенных групп как между собой, так и с материалами из могильника Старокорсунского городища 2. Третья группа показала сильное отличие как от первых двух групп могильника Волна 1, так и от других серий, привлеченных для межгруппового анализа. С помощью традиционных методов археологии и методов многомерного анализа данных, в частности факторного и кластерного анализов, удалось проверить полученные в результате антропологического исследования данные. Выявлены особенности погребального обряда каждой из трех выделенных групп. Установлено, что все выделенные группы населения взаимодействовали друг с другом, что проявилось в определенной унификации погребальных практик. С начала функционирования некрополя в нем одновременно могли совершаться захоронения автохтонного и неавтохтонного населения.
The paper analyzes the funerary rite and the anthropological collections from Volna 1, which is a ground cemetery of the 6th - 3rd centuries BC. Today it is the best studied cemetery in Asian Bosporus. Three groups of population were singled out based on the intra-group analysis of the attributes describing the shape of longitudinal bone diaphyses. The results of the analysis were verified with the use of archaeological methods. The research also focused on inter-group analysis of the three identified groups with other population groups living in the northwestern Fore-Caucasus in the Early Iron Age. The analysis managed to show significant similarity between the two identified groups and between these groups and the anthropological remains from a cemetery of Starokorsunskaya 2 hillfort. The third group turned out to be much different from both the first two groups of Volna 1 and from other series used in the inter-group analysis. Traditional methods of archaeology and methods of multivariate analysis, in particular, component analysis and cluster analysis, helped verify the data obtained through the anthropological study. Specific features of the funerary rite of each of the identified groups were singled out. It was found that all identified population groups maintained relations with each other which is reflected in a certain unification of funerary practices. From the startup of the cemetery functioning, both local and non-local individuals could be buried in it at the same time.
Molecular Studies of New Zealand Fucales: Phylogeography, Phylogeny and Taxonomy in Carpophyllum and Cystophora (Phaeophyceae)
Authors:   , Buchanan Joe 
Published: November 2021

<p>Genetic variation in Carpophyllum Greville and Cystophora J. Agardh (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) was investigated at a variety of scales. An extensive survey of mitochondrial spacer variation in Carpophyllum maschalocarpum from 32 populations around New Zealand shows strong population differentiation at relatively small scales (50–100 kilometres), but also pathways of long distance dispersal that connect populations over much greater distances. In addition, historical climate change appears to have restricted C. maschalocarpum to the northern North Island during the last glacial maximum, with subsequent southward range expansion revealed by low genetic diversity in southern populations. These results are consistent with limited dispersal at the gamete and zygote stage, expected in fucalean algae, but with occasional long distance dispersal by detached floating thalli. The genetic signature suggests these two modes of dispersal are decoupled. Internal Transcribed Spacers sequences show little differentiation between C. maschalocarpum and C. angustifolium, and hybridisation was found in several populations where these species are broadly sympatric. In the Bay of Plenty the two species had different ITS ribotypes, but most C. angustifolium specimens had a mitochondrial spacer haplotype that clustered with C. maschalocarpum haplotypes. This indicates mitochondrial introgression from C. maschalocarpum into C. angustifolium. In Northland species were difficult to separate by morphology or molecular markers, and some populations appear to be comprised entirely of hybrids. Genetic distances between different species of Cystophora are very variable, and in some cases intra-species distances are similar to interspecies distances. This is problematic for DNA barcoding methods that rely on thresholds between inter-species and intra-species genetic distances. In some (but not all) cases, the absence of molecular differentiation can be attributed to oversplitting of Cystophora species by morphological methods, and I synonymise C. congesta with C. retroflexa, and C. distenta with C. scalaris. These studies exemplify the difficulties of delimiting species in brown algae: Morphology is often misleading or uninformative; genetic differentiation of species is very variable and often low; and species’ histories show complex patterns of isolation and secondary contact. I argue for an explicitly historical concept of species, with species’ history included in species descriptions.</p>
Testing Two Theories of Criminal Careers: A Criminal Career Profile Approach
Authors:   , Cahill Joanne Clare 
Published: November 2021

<p>Criminal career research has emerged as a field interested in determining the factors related to the onset, frequency, duration, maintenance, and desistance of criminal behaviour (Blumstein & Cohen, 1987; Blumstein, Cohen, & Farrington, 1988). Various theories have been developed to account for these components of the criminal career, and the present research aims to examine the desistance components of two such theories in a sample of high risk adult offenders. Looking first at Moffitt’s (1993) adolescencelimited/ life-course persistent perspective, and then at Laub and Sampson’s (1993; Sampson & Laub, 2005) theory of informal social controls, there is limited evidence that either frequency of conviction or criminal career seriousness in high risk adult offenders can be explained well by reference to either of these theories alone. Although components of each theory appear to have some support within this sample, it is important to note that the prediction of future seriousness appears to be particularly difficult. Implications of these findings are discussed, with particular reference to policy concerns and areas for additional research.</p>
Kodama Time, Entropy Bounds, the Raychaudhuri Equation, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture
Authors:   , Abreu Gabriel 
Published: November 2021

<p>General Relativity, while ultimately based on the Einstein equations, also allows one to quantitatively study some aspects of the theory without explicitly solving the Einstein equations. These geometrical notions of the theory provide an insight to the nature of more general spacetimes. In this thesis, the Raychaudhuri equation, the choice of the coordinate system, the notions of surface gravity and of entropy, and restrictions on negative energy densities on the form of the Quantum Interest Conjecture, will be discussed. First, using the Kodama vector, a geometrically preferred coordinate system is built. With this coordinate system the usual quantities, such as the Riemann and Einstein tensors, are calculated. Then, the notion of surface gravity is generalized in two different ways. The first generalization is developed considering radial ingoing and outgoing null geodesics, in situations of spherical symmetry. The other generalized surface gravity is a three-vector obtained from the spatial components of the redshifted four acceleration of a suitable set of fiducial observers. This vectorial surface gravity is then used to place a bound on the entropy of both static and rotating horizonless objects. This bound is obtain mostly by classical calculations, with a minimum use of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Additionally, several improved versions of the Raychaudhuri equation are developed and used in different scenarios, including a two congruence generalization of the equation. Ultimately semiclassical quantum general relativity is studied in the specific form of the Quantum Inequalities, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture. A variational proof of a version of the Quantum Interest Conjecture in (3 + 1)–dimensional Minkowski space is provided.</p>