bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Implications of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 Blockades on Neuroinflammation in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Paul Deepraj , Mohankumar Suresh K. , Thomas Rhian S. , Kheng Chai B. , Basavan Duraiswamy 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been reported as a portal
for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Consequently,
scientific strategies to combat coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were targeted to arrest
SARS-CoV-2 invasion by blocking ACE2. While blocking ACE2 appears a beneficial approach to
treat COVID-19, clinical concerns have been raised primarily due to the various intrinsic roles of
ACE2 in neurological functions. Selective reports indicate that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) upregulate ACE2 levels. ACE2 metabolizes
angiotensin II and several peptides, including apelin-13, neurotensin, kinetensin, dynorphin,
(des-Arg9) bradykinin, and (Lys-des-Arg9)-bradykinin, which may elicit neuroprotective effects.
Since ARBs and ACEIs upregulate ACE2, it may be hypothesized that patients with hypertension
receiving ARBs and ACEIs may have higher expression of ACE2 and thus be at a greater risk of severe
disease from the SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, recent clinical reports indicate the beneficial
role of ARBs/ACEIs in reducing COVID-19 severity. Together, this warrants a further study
of the effects of ACE2 blockades in hypertensive patients medicated with ARBs/ACEIs, and their
consequential impact on neuronal health. However, the associations between their blockade and
any neuroinflammation also warrant further research.

Objective:
This review collates mechanistic insights into the dichotomous roles of ACE2 in SARSCoV-
2 invasion and neurometabolic functions and the possible impact of ACE2 blockade on neuroinflammation.

Conclusion:
It has been concluded that ACE2 blockade imposes neuroinflammation.
The Therapeutic Potential of MAPK/ERK Inhibitors in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Pashirzad Mehran , Khorasanian Reihaneh , Fard Maryam Mahmoudi , Arjmand Mohammad-Hassan , Langari Hadis , Khazaei Majid , Soleimanpour Saman , Rezayi Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Avan Amir 
Published: November 2021

:
The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway regulates cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation,
angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. Mutations and up-regulation of components
of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, as well as over-activation of this critical signaling
pathway, are frequently observed in colorectal carcinomas. Targeting the MAPK/ERK signaling
pathway, using specific pharmacological inhibitors, elicits potent anti-tumor effects, supporting the
therapeutic potential of these inhibitors in the treatment of CRC. Several drugs have recently been
developed for the inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway in preclinical and clinical settings, such as
MEK162 and MK-2206. MEK1/2 inhibitors demonstrate promising efficacy and anticancer activity
for the treatment of this malignancy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role
of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of CRC and the potential clinical value
of synthetic inhibitors of this pathway in preventing CRC progression for a better understanding,
and hence, better management of colorectal cancer.
Comparison of Metformin-sulfonylurea and Metformin-acarbose Combination
Therapies on Glycemic Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sauriasari Rani , Wafa Wafa , Septini Renni 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus features various combinations
of treatments, with different therapies providing different levels of effectiveness. In clinical
settings, choices are driven by cost, effectiveness, and safety considerations, and these choices are
still under question in Indonesia. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of metformin-sulfonylurea
and metformin-acarbose combination therapies on glycemic parameters in patients with
type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
This study was carried out at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital in Jakarta and utilized a retrospective
cohort study design. Participants had consumed the same drug without switching for six
months and were divided into a metformin-sulfonylurea group (n = 100) and a metformin-acarbose
group (n = 100). The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by considering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),
two hours postprandial glucose, and fasting blood glucose.

Results:
After six months’ consumption, there were no statistical differences between results for
the metformin-sulfonylurea and metformin-acarbose groups in terms of change of HbA1c (p =
0.062), controlled two hours postprandial blood glucose (p = 0.649), and controlled fasting blood
glucose (p = 0.282). Regular exercise was the most significant factor for constant/decreased
HbA1c, whereas being male and following a diet were the most significant factors for controlled
two hours postprandial blood glucose and fasting blood glucose, respectively.

Conclusion:
Based on the analysis performed, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness
of six months’ consumption of metformin-sulfonylurea and metformin-acarbose on HbA1c,
two hours postprandial blood glucose, and fasting blood glucose.
Technological Developments and Quality of Life in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Patients: A Review of the Modern Insulin Analogues, Continuous Glucose
Monitoring and Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Benioudakis Emmanouil , Karlafti Eleni , Kalaitzaki Argyroula , Kaiafa Georgia , Savopoulos Christos , Didangelos Triantafyllos 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease,
which is characterized by an increased prevalence worldwide, which, in fact, tends to take extensive
dimensions. The recent rapid development of science and technology has significantly contributed
to the improvement of the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus, both in achieving the
required euglycaemic regulation and reducing the psychological burden associated with the disease,
consequently improving the quality of life of the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
A literature review from 2010, related to the contribution of the modern insulin analogues,
continuous glucose monitoring and the insulin pump, was performed using Scopus, ScienceDirect
and PubMed databases.

Results:
Studies included in the review support a direct and indirect association of technological innovations
with the quality of life. The use of type 1 diabetes mellitus technology was negatively associated
with the frequency of the hypoglycaemias and the value of the glycosylated hemoglobin,
while at the same time, the development and use of the related technology were highly associated
with an improvement in the quality of life.

Conclusion:
Patients’ quality of life is an indicator of the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus,
and it is just as important as glycaemic regulation. Through this review, it was concluded that a better
quality of life of T1DM patients was associated with the improvement of glycosylated hemoglobin
and hypoglycemic episodes.
Body Image Distress and Its Associations From an International Sample of Men and Women Across the Adult Life Span: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Milton Alyssa , Hambleton Ashlea , Roberts Anna , Davenport Tracey , Flego Anna , Burns Jane , Hickie Ian 
Published: November 2021

Background
Previous research on body image distress mainly relied on samples that were small, generally homogeneous in age or sex, often limited to one geographical region, and were characterized by a lack of comprehensive analysis of multiple psychosocial domains. The research presented in this paper extends the international literature using the results of the web-based Global Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015. The survey included a large sample of both men and women aged ≥16 years from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, or the United States.

Objective
The main objectives of this study are to examine body image distress across the adult life span (≥16 years) and sex and assess the association between body image distress and various psychosocial risk and protective factors.

Methods
Data were extracted from the Global Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015, a web-based international self-report survey with 10,765 respondents, and compared with previous web-based surveys conducted in 2009 and 2012.

Results
The body image distress of young Australians (aged 16-25 years) significantly rose by 33% from 2009 to 2015. In 2015, 75.19% (961/1278) of 16- to 25-year-old adults reported body image distress worldwide, and a decline in body image distress was noted with increasing age. More women reported higher levels of body image distress than men (1953/3338, 58.51% vs 853/2175, 39.22%). Sex, age, current dieting status, perception of weight, psychological distress, alcohol and other substance misuse, and well-being significantly explained 24% of the variance in body image distress in a linear regression (F15,4966=105.8; P<.001).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the significant interplay between body image distress and psychosocial factors across age and sex.
Web-Based Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for Adults With Suicidal Ideation: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Winkler Olga , Dhaliwal Raman , Greenshaw Andrew , O'Shea Katie , Abba-Aji Adam , Chima Chidi , Purdon Scot E , Burback Lisa 
Published: November 2021

Background
Adversity and traumatic experiences increase the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy that desensitizes painful memories, so that reminders in the present no longer provoke overwhelming emotional responses. Preliminary evidence suggests that EMDR can be used as an acute intervention in suicidal patients, including those with major depressive disorder. In addition, because of social distancing restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians have been using EMDR on the web and, in the absence of formal evaluations of web-based EMDR, informal reports indicate good results.

Objective
The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial is to investigate whether remotely delivered EMDR (targeting experiences associated with suicidal thinking) reduces suicidal thoughts. Secondary aims include examining the impact of remotely delivered EMDR on symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, emotional dysregulation, and dissociation. We will also report on adverse events in the EMDR group to explore whether targeting suicidal ideation with EMDR is safe. Finally, we will compare dropout rates between the treatment groups.

Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, 80 adults who express suicidal ideation and meet the study criteria will receive either 12 sessions of twice weekly EMDR plus treatment as usual or treatment as usual alone. EMDR sessions will focus on the most distressing and intrusive memories associated with suicidal ideation. Data for primary and secondary objectives will be collected at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months after enrollment. A subsequent longer-term analysis, beyond the scope of this protocol, will examine differences between the groups with respect to the number of posttreatment emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and overall health care use in the year before and after therapy.

Results
The protocol was approved by the University of Alberta Research Health Ethics Board (protocol ID Pro00090989). Funding for this study was provided by the Mental Health Foundation (grant RES0048906). Recruitment started in May 2021, with a projected completion date of March 2023.

Conclusions
The results of this trial will contribute to knowledge on whether web-based delivery of EMDR is a safe and effective treatment for reducing suicidal ideation and potentially reducing the incidence of suicide attempts in this patient population.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04181047; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04181047

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/30711
COVID-19 Outcomes and Genomic Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Isolated From Veterans in New England States: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lee Megan , Sallah Ya Haddy , Petrone Mary , Ringer Matthew , Cosentino Danielle , Vogels Chantal B F , Fauver Joseph R , Alpert Tara D , Grubaugh Nathan D , Gupta Shaili 
Published: November 2021

Background
Clinical and virologic characteristics of COVID-19 infections in veterans in New England have not been described. The average US veteran is a male older than the general US population. SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to cause poorer outcomes among men and older adults, making the veteran population an especially vulnerable group for COVID-19.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate clinical and virologic factors impacting COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods
This retrospective chart review included 476 veterans in six New England states with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between April and September 2020. Whole genome sequencing was performed on SARS-CoV-2 RNA isolated from these veterans, and the correlation of genomic data to clinical outcomes was evaluated. Clinical and demographic variables were collected by manual chart review and were correlated to the end points of peak disease severity (based on oxygenation requirements), hospitalization, and mortality using multivariate regression analyses.

Results
Of 476 veterans, 274 had complete and accessible charts. Of the 274 veterans, 92.7% (n=254) were men and 83.2% (n=228) were White, and the mean age was 63 years. In the multivariate regression, significant predictors of hospitalization (C statistic 0.75) were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.08) and non-White race (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.13-5.01). Peak severity (C statistic 0.70) also varied by age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11) and O2 requirement on admission (OR 45.7, 95% CI 18.79-111). Mortality (C statistic 0.87) was predicted by age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11), dementia (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.07-11.1), and O2 requirement on admission (OR 6.74, 95% CI 1.74-26.1). Most (291/299, 97.3%) of our samples were dominated by the spike protein D614G substitution and were from SARS-CoV-2 B.1 lineage or one of 37 different B.1 sublineages, with none representing more than 8.7% (26/299) of the cases.

Conclusions
In a cohort of veterans from the six New England states with a mean age of 63 years and a high comorbidity burden, age was the largest predictor of hospitalization, peak disease severity, and mortality. Non-White veterans were more likely to be hospitalized, and patients who required oxygen on admission were more likely to have severe disease and higher rates of mortality. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages were distributed in patients in New England early in the COVID-19 era, mostly related to viruses from New York State with D614G mutation.
Validation of a Musculoskeletal Digital Assessment Routing Tool: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Crossover Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Lowe Cabella , Hanuman Sing Harry , Marsh William , Morrissey Dylan 
Published: November 2021

Background
Musculoskeletal conditions account for 16% of global disability, resulting in a negative effect on millions of patients and an increasing demand for health care use. Digital technologies to improve health care outcomes and efficiency are considered a priority; however, innovations are rarely tested with sufficient rigor in clinical trials, which is the gold standard for clinical proof of safety and efficacy. We have developed a new musculoskeletal digital assessment routing tool (DART) that allows users to self-assess and be directed to the right care. DART requires validation in a real-world setting before implementation.

Objective
This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of a future trial by exploring the key aspects of trial methodology, assessing the procedures, and collecting exploratory data to inform the design of a definitive randomized crossover noninferiority trial to assess DART safety and effectiveness.

Methods
We will collect data from 76 adults with a musculoskeletal condition presenting to general practitioners within a National Health Service (NHS) in England. Participants will complete both a DART assessment and a physiotherapist-led triage, with the order determined by randomization. The primary analysis will involve an absolute agreement intraclass correlation (A,1) estimate with 95% CI between DART and the clinician for assessment outcomes signposting to condition management pathways. Data will be collected to allow the analysis of participant recruitment and retention, randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, data collection process, and bias. In addition, the impact of trial burden and potential barriers to intervention delivery will be considered. The DART user satisfaction will be measured using the system usability scale.

Results
A UK NHS ethics submission was done during June 2021 and is pending approval; recruitment will commence in early 2022, with data collection anticipated to last for 3 months. The results will be reported in a follow-up paper in 2022.

Conclusions
This study will inform the design of a randomized controlled crossover noninferiority study that will provide evidence concerning mobile health DART system clinical signposting in an NHS setting before real-world implementation. Success should produce evidence of a safe, effective system with good usability, potentially facilitating quicker and easier patient access to appropriate care while reducing the burden on primary and secondary care musculoskeletal services. This rigorous approach to mobile health system testing could be used as a guide for other developers of similar applications.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04904029; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04904029

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/31541
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' ABILITY IN WRITING USING NOUN PHRASE ON DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Authors: Wahyuni Selli , Eliza  , Prima Dewi Merry 
Published: November 2021

This research is conducted because the researcher found some problems at the eleventh grade students at SMAN 1 Padang Gelugur in writing. The first problem was some of the students felt reluctant to write in English. The second problem was some of the students had limited vocabulary. And the last problem was some of the students still had difficulties to understand the correct form of using noun phrase. This study aimed to find out the level achivement of students' ability in writing using noun phrase on descriptive text. The design of this research was descriptive quantitative. The population of this research were the eleventh grade students that consist of 111 students. The students were divided into four classes. The number of samples of this research were 27 students. The researcher used purposive sampling technique to determine the sample, because the researcher had some considerations, the reason were: it is because the students have already learned about noun phrase on descriptive text. Then some of the students did not have a good writing noun phrase on descriptive text. To collect the data, the researcher used writing test. There were 3 indicators of noun phrase. They were head, premodifier and postmodifier. Based on the result of the research, it was found that 54,5% of the students had written noun phrase in ‘head' correctly. Then it was found that 53,6% of the students had written noun phrase in ‘premodifier' correctly. And it was found 53,5% of the students had written noun phrase in ‘postmodifier' correctly. In conclusion, the students ability in writing using noun phrase based on those three indicators above was 54% which mean the students ability was in fair level. Therefore, based on the result that has been obtained by the researcher, it is concluded that the students still have difficulties using correct form of noun phrase in writing.
USE OF YOUTUBE TO SUPPORT EFL STUDENTS' LISTENING SKILLS
Authors: Yuyun Ignasia , Simamora Fitri Yanti 
Published: November 2021

Authentic material in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom, particularly in listening, encourages students to apply actual language or authentic speech. In this digital era, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a pivotal role for the teacher's resources to support the teaching-learning process in the classroom. The teacher can find free resources on the Internet by browsing Google, Yahoo, and YouTube. Using YouTube videos can improve students' listening comprehension as it brings many benefits to learners. YouTube is a tool of authentic material to support the student to focus more on listening. The teacher needs to encourage student's motivation in the teaching-learning process. Therefore, this study investigates how YouTube Video is a teaching tool to improve student's listening comprehension skills. There were eight participants from the English Department in a private university in Jakarta. The data was collected through class observation and interviews to observe EFL students' progress in the learning process of listening. This study revealed that YouTube video benefits EFL learners, such as improving students' confidence, enjoying the learning process, making the learning process more fun, and increasing students' interest in learning.
Dextromethorphan-quinidine is helpful for pseudobulbar affect disorder in stroke patients
Authors: Francis Michael , Hamame Mira , Nasrallah Mariam , Nesbitt Alison , Meza James P. 
Published: November 2021

An informed consent article using
Hammond FM, Alexander DN, Cutler AJ, et al. PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury. BMC Neurology. 2016;16:89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-016-0609-0
for a patient with pseudobulbar affect following stroke.
Goal Orientation & Metacognitive Self-Regulation Students on Discourse Learning
Authors: Deasyanti Deasyanti , Yudhistira Santi 
Published: November 2021

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted throughout all aspects of human life including education. Despite the previously applied distance education or e-learning in the conventional education, nowadays this instructional model became a newly common approach in education. Therefore, students have to make some adjustments in their learning approach in order to reach out their learning goals. Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a process of monitoring and controlling learning behaviors to achieve learning goals. One of the key factors that contribute to SRL is achievement goal orientation. The aim of this study is to find out the role of types of goal orientation towards metacognitive self-regulation. A total of 320 undergraduate students participated in this study. The findings showed that performance approach and performance avoidance were the significant predictors of metacognitive self-regulation. Students’ preferences to performance goal-orientations were associated with the preliminary study findings that the new instructional model was related to decreased students’ efficacy in learning and feelings of uncertainty to their academic achievement.