bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate mitigation policies and the potential pathways to conflict: Outlining a research agenda
Authors: Gilmore Elisabeth A. , Buhaug Halvard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimate policies will need to incentivize transformative societal changes if they are to achieve emission reductions consistent with 1.5°C temperature targets. To contribute to efforts for aligning climate policy with broader societal goals, specifically those related to sustainable development, we identify the effects of climate mitigation policy on aspects of socioeconomic development that are known determinants of conflict and evaluate the plausibility and importance of potential pathways to armed conflict and political violence. Conditional on preexisting societal tensions and socioeconomic vulnerabilities, we isolate effects on economic performance, income and livelihood, food and energy prices, and land tenure as most likely to increase conflict risks. Climate policy designs may be critical to moderate these risks as different designs can promote more favorable societal outcomes such as equity and inclusion. Coupling research with careful monitoring and evaluation of the intermediate societal effects at early stages of policy implementation will be a critical part of learning and moderating potential conflict risks. Importantly, better characterizing the future conflict risks under climate policy allows for a more comprehensive comparison to the conflict risk if mitigation is not implemented and graver climate damages are experienced.This article is categorized under:
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation
Using Camera Collars to Study Survival of Migratory Caribou Calves
Authors: Vuillaume Barbara , Richard Julien H. , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTMonitoring survival of juveniles in wild populations of vertebrates is challenging because capture and marking of neonates may influence survival and induce biases. Camera collars have proven effective in resource and habitat selection studies, but their effectiveness to assess offspring survival is unknown. Our objective was to monitor the survival of neonates using camera collars installed on 24 preparturient female migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Rivière‐aux‐Feuilles herd, from 2016 to 2018, in Nunavik, Canada. Females were captured with a net gun fired from a helicopter and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound. Cameras recorded a 10‐second video every 20 min from 1 June until 1 September 2017, when the collar detached automatically. We used Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models to assess survival and resighting probabilities of calves based on their observation in the videos. Three collars failed, recording less than 30% of the expected videos, including one on a female that did not give birth. Among the 21 females wearing a functional collar, one gave birth to a stillborn calf. We analyzed 25,820 videos recorded from 20 collars. Calf sightings in videos were less frequent as the monitoring period advanced, but we estimated the probability of observing a live calf at 0.77 (SE = 0.42) over the sampling period. Videos indicated a survival rate of 0.67 (SE = 0.11) from birth to 1 September. Our results suggest that camera collars installed on adult females can be used to reliably assess offspring survival, and thus improve our understanding of caribou population dynamics. The application of camera collars should be useful for other large vertebrate species for which the assessment of neonate survival is lacking or difficult to obtain. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Management Schemes, not Philopatry or Breeding Experience, Affect Nest Success of Songbirds in Vermont Hayfields
Authors: Denny Kylie , Perlut Noah , Strong Allan 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTSongbirds can benefit from natal philopatry through prior knowledge about site‐specific resources and local adaptation to environmental conditions. Likewise, breeding experience may also play a role in reproductive success. However, for birds that breed in managed habitats, management activities may overwhelm any potential benefits of philopatry or breeding experience. We examined the effect of site fidelity on reproductive success in 1,823 bobolink and Savannah sparrow nests in agricultural grasslands in Vermont, USA. From 2003–2019 we monitored the nests of 51 female Savannah sparrows and 72 female bobolinks that returned to breed on or near fields in which they hatched between 2002 and 2018). Using program MARK, we found that daily nest survival (DNS) differed between species and grassland treatment types and was not affected by philopatry. Bobolinks had greater DNS than Savannah sparrows, and DNS was generally greater on late‐hayed fields than either early‐hayed fields or rotationally‐grazed pastures. Our results show that despite the potential for increased fitness through site fidelity or breeding experience, agricultural management has an equal or greater influence on female reproductive success. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Definition of a Digital Tool to Create Physical Artifacts: The Case of the Gamers4Nature Project
Authors: Beça Pedro , Ribeiro Sofia , Aresta Mónica , Santos Rita , Veloso Ana Isabel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a context where the urgency to act towards the promotion of environmental awareness is imperative, the Gamers4Nature (G4N) project aims to encourage the active participation of students in the creation of mobile games addressing environmental-related themes. This chapter introduces the G4N Cards Set Canvas, a tool integrated into the G4N portal-repository. The G4N Cards Set Canvas is a digital tool that allows the design of environmental-related thematic cards and has two main goals: (i) to provide the G4N project with a tool to ease the creation of the thematic cards for the Toolkit to Game Design by environmental organizations and/or teachers; (ii) to be used by users with no experience in the design field. This tool will be developed following a User-Centered Design approach, with iterative and systematic reviews of the tool, and it will emphasize the connection between the physical (i.e. Toolkit) and digital (i.e. portal-repository) artifacts. A snowball literature review and an overview of design and presentation tools and platforms currently available did not reveal the existence of suitable platforms to create graphical design contents while complying with a brand’s standard’s manual for non-experienced users in the design field. Thus, an opportunity for novelty arises from this gap, adding a layer of concern with designing a usable and accessible tool for the end-users.
Demokratische Öffentlichkeit und der Filterblasen-Effekt – ein Problem für die Politische Bildung?
Authors: Binder Ulrich , Tenorth Heinz-Elmar 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Modus der Integration moderner Gesellschaften heißt ‚Kommunikation‘. Für die generalisierende Verbreitung von Kommunikation sind in großen Teilen die Massenmedien zuständig. Durch diese Quelle der Umweltbeobachtung wird das, was in der Öffentlichkeit kommuniziert werden kann, zentral beeinflusst. Insofern erscheint es plausibel, von Veränderungen im (digital-)medialen Bereich auf solche der Öffentlichkeitsverfassung zu schließen. Inwieweit die Annahme stimmt, und inwiefern das die politische Bildung tangiert, sind die Leitfragen des Beitrags.
On Galilean conformal bootstrap
Authors: Chen Bin , Hao Peng-xiang , Liu Reiko , Yu Zhe-fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, we develop conformal bootstrap for Galilean conformal field theory (GCFT). In a GCFT, the Hilbert space could be decomposed into quasiprimary states and its global descendants. Different from the usual conformal field theory, the quasiprimary states in a GCFT constitute multiplets, which are block-diagonized under the Galilean boost operator. More importantly the multiplets include the states of negative norms, indicating the theory is not unitary. We compute global blocks of the multiplets, and discuss the expansion of four-point functions in terms of the global blocks of the multiplets. Furthermore we do the harmonic analysis for the Galilean conformal symmetry and obtain an inversion formula. As the first step to apply the Galilean conformal bootstrap, we construct generalized Galilean free theory (GGFT) explicitly. We read the data of GGFT by using Taylor series expansion of four-point function and the inversion formula independently, and find exact agreement. We discuss some novel features in the Galilean conformal bootstrap, due to the non-semisimpleness of the Galilean conformal algebra and the non-unitarity of the GCFTs.
Stochastic reaction–diffusion equations on networks
Authors: Kovács M. , Sikolya E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider stochastic reaction–diffusion equations on a finite network represented by a finite graph. On each edge in the graph, a multiplicative cylindrical Gaussian noise-driven reaction–diffusion equation is given supplemented by a dynamic Kirchhoff-type law perturbed by multiplicative scalar Gaussian noise in the vertices. The reaction term on each edge is assumed to be an odd degree polynomial, not necessarily of the same degree on each edge, with possibly stochastic coefficients and negative leading term. We utilize the semigroup approach for stochastic evolution equations in Banach spaces to obtain existence and uniqueness of solutions with sample paths in the space of continuous functions on the graph. In order to do so, we generalize existing results on abstract stochastic reaction–diffusion equations in Banach spaces.
Ablation rate after radioactive iodine therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at intermediate or high risk of recurrence: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Klain Michele , Nappi Carmela , Zampella Emilia , Cantoni Valeria , Green Roberta , Piscopo Leandra , Volpe Fabio , Manganelli Mariarosaria , Caiazzo Elisa , Petretta Mario , Schlumberger Martin , Cuocolo Alberto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to investigate the successful ablation rate after radioiodine (RAI) administration in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) at intermediate-high risk of recurrence.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted according to the PRISMA statement.

Results
The final analysis included 9 studies accounting for 3103 patients at intermediate-high risk of recurrence. In these patients, the successful ablation rates ranged from 51 to 94% with a 71% pooled successful ablation and were higher in intermediate (72%) than in high (52%)-risk patients. Despite the rigorous inclusion standards, a significant heterogeneity among the evaluated studies was observed. Higher administered RAI activities are associated with a lower successful ablation rate in the whole population and in the subgroup of high-risk patients. Furthermore, pooled recurrence rate in intermediate-risk patients achieving successful ablation was only 2% during the subsequent 6.4-year follow-up while the pooled recurrence rate was 14% in patients who did not achieve a successful ablation.

Conclusion
In a large sample of 3103 patients at intermediate-high risk of persistent/recurrent disease, 71% of patients achieved a successful ablation. In these intermediate-risk patients, the probability of subsequent recurrence is low and most recurrence occurred in those with already abnormal findings at the first control.
Modulation of environmental conditions on the significant difference in the super cyclone formation rate during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons over the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Li Zhi , Xue Yuhuan , Fang Yue , Li Kuiping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnlike other tropical ocean basins, the Bay of Bengal (BoB) has two tropical cyclone (TC) seasons: a pre-monsoon season (Pre-MS) and a post-monsoon season (Post-MS). More interestingly, during the period from 1981 to 2016, the global maximum and minimum formation rates of super cyclones (SCs, categories 4 and 5) occurred in the Pre-MS and Post-MS, respectively, in the BoB. Methods including Butterworth filter, box difference index analysis and quantitative diagnosis were utilized herein to detect what and how background environmental factors cause significantly different SC formation rates between the Pre- and Post-MS. Diagnosis results revealed that the vertical temperature difference (VTD) mainly determines whether TCs can develop into SCs during the Post-MS, similar to Pre-MS. It’s in agreement with previous studies demonstrating that the VTD is controlled by the low-level temperature during the Post-MS but is determined by the upper-level temperature during the Pre-MS. The results also revealed that the background sea surface temperature is much higher in the Pre-MS than in the Post-MS and forces higher 1000 hPa-level air temperature. Additionally, there is higher saturated specific humidity (qs) due to the higher temperature in the Pre-MS. The differences in the bottom-level temperature and qs cooperate to predominantly contribute to the significant difference in Vpot2, which could denote the maximum potential intensity of TC, eventually leading to the remarkably different SC formation rates between the Pre- and Post-MS in the BoB.
Evaluation of a new body-focused group therapy versus a guided self-help group program for adults with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): a pilot randomized controlled feasibility study
Authors: Senf-Beckenbach Philine , Hoheisel Matthias , Devine Janine , Frank Arnina , Obermann Laura , Rose Matthias , Hinkelmann Kim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivePsychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), a common phenomenon in neurological settings, are regarded as a paroxysmal type of functional neurological disorder (FND). In a substantial proportion, PNES are disabling with poor long-term outcomes and high economic costs. Despite the clinical and financial consequences of PNES, there is still a lack of controlled clinical trials on the treatment of this challenging disorder. The study aims to evaluate the feasibility and collect first evidence of the efficacy of a group based-intervention in PNES-patients.MethodsA pilot randomized controlled feasibility study with a parallel-group design was performed in adult outpatients with PNES to evaluate a new body-focused group therapy (CORDIS) versus guided self-help groups. Self-assessment of dissociation (Dissociation Experience Scale—DES-20) and seizure severity (Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale—LSSS) were assessed two weeks before and two weeks after the treatment intervention and also six months after treatment as primary outcome parameters.ResultsA total of 53 patients were recruited from a specialized outpatient clinic, and out of those, 29 patients completed either the body-focused group therapy program (n = 15) or a guided self-help group (SHG) therapy (n = 14). When analyzing the ITT sample (n = 22 CORDIS group,n = 20 SHG), both groups showed an effect on seizure severity and level of dissociation. In the per protocol sample (n = 13 CORDIS group,n = 12 SHG), CORDIS was superior to the self-help group for reducing seizure severity 6 months after the treatment.SignificanceCORDIS is a newly developed body-focused group therapy program for adults with PNES. Further studies should include a multicentric design with a higher number of participants.
Renal effects of growth hormone in health and in kidney disease
Authors: Haffner Dieter , Grund Andrea , Leifheit-Nestler Maren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) and its mediator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have manifold effects on the kidneys. GH and IGF receptors are abundantly expressed in the kidney, including the glomerular and tubular cells. GH can act either directly on the kidneys or via circulating or paracrine-synthesized IGF-1. The GH/IGF-1 system regulates glomerular hemodynamics, renal gluconeogenesis, tubular sodium and water, phosphate, and calcium handling, as well as renal synthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 and the antiaging hormone Klotho. The latter also acts as a coreceptor of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast-growth factor 23 in the proximal tubule. Recombinant human GH (rhGH) is widely used in the treatment of short stature in children, including those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Animal studies and observations in acromegalic patients demonstrate that GH-excess can have deleterious effects on kidney health, including glomerular hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy, and glomerulosclerosis. In addition, elevated GH in patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus was thought to induce podocyte injury and thereby contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. This manuscript gives an overview of the physiological actions of GH/IGF-1 on the kidneys and the multiple alterations of the GH/IGF-1 system and its consequences in patients with acromegaly, CKD, nephrotic syndrome, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Finally, the impact of short- and long-term treatment with rhGH/rhIGF-1 on kidney function in patients with kidney diseases will be discussed.
Growth in children on kidney replacement therapy: a review of data from patient registries
Authors: Bonthuis Marjolein , Harambat Jérôme , Jager Kitty J. , Vidal Enrico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGrowth retardation is a major complication in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and on kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Conversely, better growth in childhood CKD is associated with an improvement in several hard morbidity–mortality endpoints. Data from pediatric international registries has demonstrated that improvements in the overall conservative management of CKD, the search for optimal dialysis, and advances in immunosuppression and kidney transplant techniques have led to a significant improvement of final height over time. Infancy still remains a critical period for adequate linear growth, and the loss of stature during the first years of life influences final height. Preliminary new original data from the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology/European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ESPN/ERA-EDTA) Registry confirm an association between the final height and the height attained at 2 years in children on KRT.
Relationship of irrigated wheat yield with temperature in hot environments of Sudan
Authors: Musa Abuelgasim I. I. , Tsubo Mitsuru , Ali-Babiker Imad-Eldin A. , Iizumi Toshichika , Kurosaki Yasunori , Ibaraki Yasuomi , El-Hag Faisal M. A. , Tahir Izzat S. A. , Tsujimoto Hisashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA negative effect of increasing temperature on wheat production in the coming decades has been projected for Sudan, which is a major wheat producer in Sub-Saharan Africa. Wheat is susceptible to high temperature, so trend analysis of historical yields together with observed temperature is critical for understanding the effect of climate change. The objective of this study was to determine the association between yield of irrigated wheat in hot drylands of Sudan and temperature during the growing season (November–February). Regional-scale yield data in three major wheat-producing areas (Northern State, Gezira State, and Kassala State) in 48 crop seasons (1970/71–2017/18) were used to determine the correlation of yield with maximum (TMAX) and minimum temperatures (TMIN) at representative meteorological stations (Dongola, Wad Medani, and New Halfa, respectively). Frequencies of days with maximum temperature above 35 °C (THD) and minimum temperature above 20 °C (THN) were also used for correlation analysis. In all three areas, regression analysis detected upward trends in the growing-season temperature. The increase in temperature was particularly evident at Dongola, although no such trend has been reported previously. The yields were negatively correlated with the growing-season temperature, particularly THN in Northern State, TMAX in Gezira State, and TMIN in Kassala State. These results confirm that the recent increase in the growing-season temperature might have reduced the yield to some extent in the breadbasket of Sudan.
Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method
Authors: Sandoli A. , Lignola G. P. , Calderoni B. , Prota A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.
Micro-processes of Moral Normative Engagement with CSR Tensions: The Role of Spirituality in Justification Work
Authors: Shin Hyemi , Vu Mai Chi , Burton Nicholas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough CSR scholarship has highlighted how tensions in CSR implementation are negotiated, little is known about its normative and moral dimension at a micro-level. Drawing upon the economies of worth framework, we explore how spirituality influences the negotiation of CSR tensions at an individual level, and what types of justification work they engage in when experiencing tensions. Our analysis of semi-structured interview data from individuals who described themselves as Buddhist and were in charge of CSR implementations for their organizations shows that spirituality influences how they compromise among competing moral values by identifying two forms of justification work: compartmentalizing work and contextualizing work, which help spiritual practitioners minimize moral dissonance.