bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Dental Implants Success in Bone Density Classification of Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis - A Clinical and Radiographic Prospective Study
Authors: Alsadi Wasim , AbouSulaiman Ali , AlSabbagh Mohammad Monzer 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Osteoporosis according to postmenopausal women is a major health problem increasing yearly. Thus, there is a growing need to assess the success of dental implants among these patients.

Aim:
Evaluation of dental implants success between 6 and 12 months follow-up on postmenopausal women with osteoporosis by means of clinical and radiographic assessment.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 female patients aged between 46 and 65 years were diagnosed with osteoporosis and treated with Vitamin D3 and Calcium (Vit D3 and Ca). The sample was divided into two groups: Group 1- 15 female patients diagnosed with osteoporosis (bone density of D2) and treated with (Vit D3 and Ca) and group 2- 15 female patients diagnosed with osteoporosis (bone density of D3) and treated with (Vit D3 and Ca). A total of 60 dental implants were placed in the mandibular posterior area. Implant loading was done after 6 months. Follow up intervals were 6 to 12 months after loading.

Results:
According to the study, compromised survival was in two implants in the osteoporosis group with a bone type of D2 with a rate of 3.3%, and compromised survival in the osteoporosis group with bone type of D3 was 11 implants with a rate of 18.3%. The success was in 52 implants, with a rate of 86.7%.

Conclusion:
Placing dental implants in postmenopausal female patients with osteoporosis and treating with (Vit D3 and Ca) is a safe treatment option for missing teeth, despite the bone density type. More researches about implant with osteoporosis patients are recommended.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Lycopene, Raspberry, Green Tea Herbal Formulation Mediated Silver Nanoparticle
Authors: Chaithanya Mukundh V. , Uma Maheswari T. N. , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
To assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a formulation containing lycopene, raspberry, green tea herbal, and silver particles.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, a formulation of lycopene (10%), raspberry (25%), green tea (95% polyphenols), and silver nanoparticles was subjected to anti-inflammatory testing using bovine serum albumin (BSA) assay and antioxidant testing by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay.

Results:
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assays showed that the highest inhibition was seen at 50 μL concentration.

Conclusion:
From the above results, it can be concluded that the combination of herbal extracts along with silver nanoparticles has better anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Levels of Salivary Immunoglobulin a and Immunoglobulin G in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Olayanju Olatunde A. , Bamidele Olabisi , Eseile Bola J. , Udeh Chioma , Odok Gabriel N. , Awah Nnaemeka E. , Mba Izuchukwu N. , Abbiyesuku Fayeofori M. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of glucose metabolism and it is associated with a compromised oral immunity. Salivary immunoglobulins offer a comprehensive protection for the oral cavity; however, there is insufficient data regarding their levels in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to measure salivary Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in diabetic patients in comparison to healthy nondiabetic controls.

Methods:
Diabetic patients from the outpatient clinic and nondiabetic healthy members of staff, were recruited for this study. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all participants and levels of immunoglobulins A and G were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques; the values were compared between the two groups.

Results:
A total of 167 participants were recruited for this study, 95 (56.9%) of them were diabetic patients, while the remaining 72 (43.1%) were healthy nondiabetic controls. The median salivary IgA was 12.57 (Interquartile range [IQR] 11.05–13.67) g/ml in the diabetics and 11.94 (IQR 10.41–13.65) μg/ml in the control group; P = 0.31 while the median salivary IgG was 32.27 (IQR 25.26–38.33) μg/ml in the diabetics and 26.26 (22.48–31.29) μg/ml in the control group; P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
Salivary IgG was significantly elevated in the diabetic patients, in spite of a higher prevalence of oral infections, this calls for a more stringent attention to oral hygiene in diabetic patients.
Determinants of Risky Sexual Behavior among Secondary School Adolescents in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Eyam Lilian Eberechukwu , Eyam Sunday Eyam , Ekpeyong Bernadine Nsa , Ndep Antor Odu , Akpan Margaret Inemesit , Ekanem Emanuel Ekanem 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Adolescent risky sexual behavior and its consequences are serious problems affecting all the nations negatively and require research attention to profer solutions.

Aim:
To determine the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its determinants among adolescents in co-educational secondary schools in Cross River State (CRS).

Materials and Methods:
The study design was cross sectional and involved the use of semi-structured self-administered questionnaire that had two sections A and B. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21 using descriptive measures and frequency distributions. Non-co-educational secondary schools, co-educational secondary schools with sexuality education programs, and private secondary schools were excluded, and only co-educational public secondary schools without sexuality education programs and students 10–19 years were included in the study.

Results:
Prevalence of sexual intercourse was 41.5% and was statistically significantly higher among the boys than the girls. Among the sexually exposed boys, 33% of them were sexually active, while among the girls, 32.7% were sexually active.(χ2 = 0.73; P =0.34). Among the age groups, 33% of students within the ages of 14–16 years and 82.6% within the ages of 17–19 years were sexually exposed. The percentages sexually exposed for polygamous and monogamous homes were 186 (55.5%) and 106 (27.7%), respectively (χ2 = 58; P = 0.00). Similarly, students in SS3 class and students that were not monitored by parents had higher percentages of ever indulging in sexual activity, with 79.7% and 52.3%, respectively (χ2 = 17.3; P = 0.00), (χ2 = 56; P = 0.01). Forty-nine point four (49.4%) of the students whose mothers had at most primary education have had sexual exposure, while 34% of those whose mothers had at least secondary education have had sexual exposure (χ2 = 18.23; P = 0.00). Similarly, students whose parents had unskilled jobs also had a high percentage of sexual exposure (χ2 = 13.6; P = 0.00.). Age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.69) indicated that as the age increases the students were 2.69 times more likely to be sexually exposed, Family type (OR = 3.01) showed that students from polygamous homes were 3 times more likely to have been sexually exposed than their counterparts from monogamous families.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among students in co-educational secondary schools in CRS, Nigeria, is high. Age, family type, parental monitoring, and socioeconomic status were strongly associated with risky sexual behavior.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Disease Surveillance and Notification among Health Workers in Private Hospitals in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Chime Onyinye Hope , Ogugua Ifeoma Juliet , Obionu Ifeoma Maureen , Ezenwosu Ifeyinwa Lilian , Ibiok Charles Ntat , Ochie Casmir Ndubuisi , Kassy Wilson Chukwukasi , Ndu Anne Chigedu , Arinze-Onyia Sussan Uzoamaka , Agwu-Umahi Olanike , Aguwa Emmanuel Nwabueze , Okeke Adaeze Theodore 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Disease surveillance and notification (DSN) has been recognized as an effective strategy for prevention and control of diseases, particularly epidemic-prone diseases.

Aim:
This study assessed the knowledge and practice of DSN activities in private health facilities (PHFs) in Enugu metropolis.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, utilizing mixed methods. Multistage sampling method was used to select the PHFs and the respondents. Respondents were health-care workers (HCWs) in charge of DSN in PHFs within Enugu metropolis and the state epidemiologist. Chi-square test and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression were used for analysis.

Results:
Being a medical doctor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 6.567; confidence interval [CI]: 1.250–34.502) was found to be a predictor of good knowledge. Facilities having more than ten patients daily (AOR: 0.012; CI: 0.085–0.739) and poor knowledge of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system (AOR: 0.135; CI: 0.028–0.660) were predictors of poor IDSR practice. Four major themes emerged from the key informant interview: the level of involvement of state with DSN in PHFs, support available to PHFs, challenges in assessing DSN data in PHFs, and measures to improve DSN activities in PHFs.

Conclusion:
The HCWs in charge of DSN had good knowledge of IDSR system, but the practice was poor. There is a need for regular training with supportive supervision of the HCWs to ensure they translate knowledge into practice.
Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury; Does a Low Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features Correlates with Neurological Status and Predict Early Outcome?
Authors: Alfin Jeneral Dumura , Mahmud Muhammad Raji , Yusuf Ayodeji Salman , Binitie Orighoye Peter , Joseph Shilong Danaan , Bot Gyang Markus , Yiltok Simon J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a devastating disease, hence the need to identify clinical and radiological injury features that predict neurological improvement.

Aims:
The aim is to determine the correlations between American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in patients with TSCI and identify predictors of neurological improvement.

Settings and Design:
This is a prospective cohort study.

Subjects and Methods:
Seventy-three patients with TSCI managed over a period of 18 months were studied. Neurological assessment of these patients was done at admission and 3-month post-injury using the AIS score form. The various MRI (0.3 Tesla Machine) features of these injuries were identified and measured using a RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 4.0.3 (64-bit).

Statistical Analysis:
Correlation and regression analysis were done using Spearman's rank correlation, and logistic regression, respectively. A P < 0.05 was used as the level of significance.

Results:
Spinal cord edema (26.0%) and cord contusion (34.2%) were seen in most patients with incomplete injury, while spinal cord hemorrhage and transection were observed in patients with ASIA A injury. A significant correlation exists between maximum canal compromise (MCC) (ρ= −0.39, P < 0.001), maximum spinal cord compression (MSCC) (ρ= −0.44, P < 0.001), and length of spinal cord lesion (ρ= −0.77, P < 0.001) with AIS at admission. The independent predictors of AIS improvement include MSCC, MCC, length of spinal cord signal change, and cord contusion.

Conclusions:
MRI features significantly correlate with the neurological status of TSCI and can be used to predict early neurological improvement in these patients.
The Prevalence, Pattern, and Predictors of Sleep Disorders among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Southern Nigerian City
Authors: Asibong Udeme E. , Akpan Ubong Bassey , Chidi Okafor , Ekpenyong Emmanuel , Asibong Inyang , Etuk Saturday 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Sleep disorders are a common and often undiagnosed chronic health problem associated with an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome and pregnancy complications.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to find out how common sleep disturbances are among pregnant women in Calabar, as well as their patterns and risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 antenatal attendees in the three major public health facilities in Calabar and 338 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Socio-demographic, medical, and obstetrics information were obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Major international sleep classification tools were used to identify the patterns of sleep disturbance. Their weights and heights as well as their blood pressures (BPs) were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The predicting factors were extracted using a logistic regression model.

Results:
The prevalence of sleep disorder was 44.1%. The most common pattern of sleep disorder was insomnia (34.6%). Nineteen (5.6%) of them reported mixed disorders. On logistic analysis, pregnant women with normal BP (odds ratio [OR]: 0.440, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.230–0.843, P = 0.013), normal body mass index (OR: 0.365, 95% CI: 0.133–1.001, P = 0.050) and maternal age 20–30 years, (OR: 0.169, 95% CI: 0.30–0.969, P = 0.046) were significantly less likely to suffer from sleep disorders. Residing in a single a room apartment with family members was an independent social determinant of sleep deprivation (OR: 2.009, 95% CI: 1.003–4.025, P = 0.049).

Conclusion:
The study suggested that the prevalence of sleep disturbance is high among pregnant women. Counseling on good quality sleep during pregnancy may improve pregnancy outcome by ensuring appropriate weight gain and good BP control.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Dry Eye Disease in Adult Patients in National Eye Center, Kaduna Nigeria
Authors: Maidawa Ajuji H , Ndife Thelma I , Muhammad Rilwan Chiroma 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with dry eye disease (DES) in adult patients with a view to improving the diagnosis and management.

Patients, Materials and Methods:
Two hundred and sixty-six (266) adults were enrolled into the study. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, tear film break up time (TBUT) test, Schirmer's test, and epithelial staining with fluorescein were performed on all the participants. Comprehensive analysis of data using IBM SPSS version 23 was done. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty-six participants were examined. The sample mean age was 44.75 years ± 14.38 standard deviation Dry eye prevalence in the sample was 45.9% (95% confidence interval: 39%–52%), the prevalence was 62% by the OSDI, 54.1% by TBUT test, 30.5% by Schirmer's test while 70.3% of the participants had abnormal fluorescein corneal staining. Significant risk factors contributing to dry eye prevalence among the participants were age, gender, and educational status.

Conclusion:
DES is common in our environment and efforts should always be made to identify patients with dry eye syndromes and treat appropriately.
Preventing Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting During Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Okonna FG , Amucheazi AO , Onyekwulu FA 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Nausea and vomiting are undesirable intraoperative events among women during cesarean delivery under subarachnoid block. Therefore, prophylaxis is recommended.

Aims:
This study was undertaken to compare the effect of intravenous cyclizine with metoclopramide administered before achieving subarachnoid block.

Patients, Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted among women booked for elective cesarean section using the subarachnoid technique. This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study that compared the effect of single doses of cyclizine, metoclopramide, and placebo in preventing intraoperative nausea and vomiting among the selected patients. We obtained ethical clearance from the Hospital Research and Ethics Committee as well as written informed consent from each patient involved. The inclusion criteria include women aged 18–45 years with term singleton pregnancy scheduled for elective cesarean section, having the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grades 1 and 2, with no known contraindications to spinal anesthesia, allergy to study drugs or local anesthetic agents. Patients were excluded if they declined, have a history of allergy to metoclopramide or cyclizine, have pregnancy-induced hypertension, hyperemesis gravidarium, motion sickness, gastrointestinal disease or glucose intolerance. One hundred and twenty parturients with ASA status I-II were recruited and assigned to three groups. All medications were administered intravenously: normal saline in Group I, metoclopramide in Group II, and cyclizine in Group III. Data were collected with study pro forma produced for the study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.0 was used for analysis of the data collected.

Results:
The incidence of nausea was least in Group III. There were similar findings for retching and vomiting.

Conclusion:
We, therefore, concluded that cyclizine is superior to metoclopramide in preventing nausea in women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
Un son vous manque et tout est dépeuplé
Authors: Oven Jacqueline 
Published: December 2021

Cette contribution intitulée Un son vous manque et tout est dépeuplé : les défis de la compréhension orale et de la transcription de documents oraux se propose de répertorier et d'analyser les difficultés et erreurs relevées dans les copies d'étudiants FLE en 2ème année de Licence dans le cadre du cours Français en usage 2 – Compréhension orale (corpus de 300 copies recueillies entre 2016 et 2020), qui prévoit entre autres la transcription de documents oraux. L'analyse permet de dresser un inventaire des erreurs commises en fonction de la phase, au cours de laquelle intervient cette difficulté (décodage, encodage, décodage et encodage). Les erreurs les plus fréquentes au niveau du décodage sont, d'une part, liées à des lacunes lexicales et, de l'autre, à un découpage défaillant du flux sonore, qui met l'étudiant face à des phénomènes comme l'homophonie et la paraphonie (lexicales et translexicales). L'encodage, lui, a mis en évidence deux types de difficultés : d'une part, des erreurs d'inattention (en cas de décodage réussi) et, d'autre part, des tentatives de restitution textuelle directement à partir du flux sonore (des phonèmes perçus), avec abstraction pure et simple de la phase de décodage, pour pallier la hantise de l'espace blanc. Par ailleurs, on observe au niveau du décodage et de l'encodage les difficultés des étudiants à reconnaître certains phonèmes et à tenir compte de la liaison. Enfin, des pistes, résultant d'occurences repérées dans les copies et reposant sur des considérations contrastives, sont proposées aussi bien aux étudiants qu'aux enseignants pour une meilleure approche, maîtrise et performance de ce type de savoir-faire, avec une identification des causes et domaines qui sont à la source de ces difficultés et erreurs.
Das Leben A1, A2: Deutsch als Fremdsprache: Kurs- und Übungsbuch
Authors: Leskovec Mojca 
Published: December 2021

Učno gradivo za nemščino kot tuji jezik Das Leben za ravni A1 in A2 poleg pregledanega učbenika in delovnega zvezka obsega še e-učbenik, na voljo prek spletne strani cornelsen.de in platforme blinklearning, aplikacijo z vsemi dodatnimi gradivi za učence in učenke ter aplikacijo za utrjevanje besedišča, tiskani in digitalni priročnik za učitelja oz. učiteljico z vsemi dodatnimi gradivi, vadnico s testi in uvrstitvene teste, dvojezične slovarčke ter avdio- in videogradivo na zgoščenkah. Dodatno gradivo k učbeniški seriji ponuja tudi spletna stran cornelsen.de/webcodes.
Fibromyalgia syndrome and related factors in hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplant patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Çağlıyan Türk Ayla , Özkurt Sultan , Doğan İbrahim , Şahin Füsun 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the point prevalence of fibromyalgia in patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and after renal transplantation compared to healthy controls and to evaluate depressive symptoms, anxiety level, and the impact of fibromyalgia on quality of life (QoL).
Patients and methods: Between January 2018 and January 2019, a total of 107 hemodialysis patients (Group 1) (48 males, 59 females; median age: 50 years; range, 42 to 56 years), 51 peritoneal dialysis patients (Group 2) (32 males, 19 females; median age: 49 years; range, 39 to 54 years), 52 renal transplant patients (Group 3) (23 males, 29 females; median age: 45.5 years; range, 37 to 52 years), and 50 healthy controls (Group 4) (23 males, 27 females; median age: 46.5 years; range, 42 to 50 years) were included in the study. Age, sex, amount of time spent on dialysis, and laboratory data were recorded. Impact of fibromyalgia on QoL was evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), while depressive symptoms and anxiety level were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), respectively.
Results: The point prevalence of fibromyalgia was 14% in Group 1 (n=15), 5.9% in Group 2 (n=3), 9.6% in Group 3 (n=5), and 4% in Group 4. There was a significant difference in the point prevalence of fibromyalgia between the hemodialysis group and healthy controls (p<0.05). The median FIQ scores were significantly higher in all patient groups than Group 4 (p<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between the patient groups (p>0.05). The median BDI scores were significantly higher in Group 1 and Group 2 than Group 4 (p<0.05). The median BAI scores were significantly higher in Group 1 than Group 4 (p<0.05). When the patients with and without fibromyalgia were compared, FIQ and BAI in Group 1, BAI in Group 2, and FIQ in Group 3 significantly differed (p<0.05). There was no relationship between fibromyalgia and any of the laboratory data, age, or time spent on dialysis (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Fibromyalgia is significantly more common among hemodialysis patients than healthy individuals with a similar prevalence to the healthy individuals for peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients. The presence of fibromyalgia is related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, and higher impact on QoL for patients with chronic kidney disease.