bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Lateral Retinacular Release from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Huddleston Hailey P. , Drager Justin , Cregar William M. , Walsh Justin M. , Yanke Adam B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHistorically, lateral retinacular release (LRR) procedures have been utilized in the treatment of a variety of patellofemoral disorders, including lateral patellar instability. However, in the past decade, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of the lateral stabilizers in patellar stability, as well as the complications of LRR, such as recurrent medial patellar instability. The purpose of this study was to investigate current trends in LRR procedures from 2010 through 2017 using a large national database. The American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for arthroscopic LRR procedures (the Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code, 29873) from 2010 to 2017. The number and incidence of lateral release procedures, both isolated and nonisolated, were analyzed and separated into cohorts for analysis. Age and gender of the LRR cohort was investigated and compared with all other orthopaedic procedures during the same time period in the NSQIP database. In addition, concomitant procedures and associated International Classification of Disease-9th Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10th Revision (ICD-10) codes were analyzed over time and between LRR groups. From 2010 to 2017, 3,117 arthroscopic LRRs were performed. The incidence for LRR was 481.9 per 100,000 orthopaedic surgeries in 2010 and significantly decreased to 186.9 per 100,000 orthopaedic surgeries in 2017 (p < 0.01). LRR was more commonly performed in females (66%) and 58% of patients were under 44 years of age. In addition, LRR was most commonly performed with a concomitant meniscectomy (36%), synovectomy (19%), or microfracture (13%), and for a diagnosis of pain (22%). The overall incidence of LRR procedures significantly decreased from 2010 to 2017. LRRs were more commonly performed in younger, female patients for a diagnosis of pain with the most common concomitant procedure being meniscectomy, synovectomy, or microfracture.
How do scientists criticize the computer metaphor of the brain?
Authors: Bilstrup Finsen Andreas , Steen Gerard J. , Wagemans Jean H. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe central metaphor in cognitive science is the computer metaphor of the brain. In previous work, we reconstructed the metaphor in a novel way, guided by the assumption that it functions as an explanatory hypothesis. We developed an argumentative pattern for justifying scientific explanations in which this metaphor functions as a standpoint supported by argumentation containing abduction and analogy. In this paper, we use the argumentative pattern as a heuristic to reconstruct recent scientific criticisms against the computer metaphor. The pattern generates expectations about the nature of these criticisms, and we show those expectations to be met in most respects. We then discuss the extent to which our findings render the reconstruction offered by the argumentative pattern feasible. A central question emerging from our analysis is whether the computer metaphor can be adequately characterized as an explanatory hypothesis based on abduction. We suggest some possibilities for future lines of inquiry in this respect.
Migration terminology in the EU Institutions
Authors: Mariani Jessica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
‘Migration’ has recently become a single domain for specialized terminology in the European Union, linked to the crisis which has been rapidly unfolding in Europe since 2015. The migration crisis, with the dramatic increase in arrivals of migrants in Europe, has highlighted the uncertainty of institutional classifications used to describe and manage migration flows. What is a migrant in the EU Institutions and how is the term refugee or asylum seeker respectively classified? The present study delves into Migration from a terminological perspective and investigates how migrants have been mirrored through terminology in institutional texts from 1950 to 2016 by analyzing two sets of corpora: the European Migration Network glossaries (EMN) of the European Commission and the EU database of official legislative text, EUR-lex EN 2/16. This paper aims to show how migration phenomena can be narrated through the lens of terminology and how term choice plays a vital role in making an impact in the representation of migrants and refugees in political institutions and society.
Changes in the concept designated by the term mariage civil throughout the history of French law
1791–2013
Authors: Curti-Contessoto Beatriz , de Oliveira Isabelle , Almeida Barros Lidia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 1791, the term mariage civil first appeared in French law in order to designate a civil and
secular union recognised only by the State. After the introduction of this term into the French legal domain, there were
legislative changes regarding the rules of civil marriages over the following years. The present paper examines the semantic evolution of
the term mariage civil in French law, relating this evolution to socio-cultural and historical aspects of France between
1791 (when civil marriage was instituted in this country) and 2013 (when the most recent legislative change in the area occurred). Based on
this investigation, it is possible to affirm the transformations in the French society and legislative changes have modified the concept
designated by the term mariage civil, especially concerning the notion of family and the achievement of rights by women and
homosexuals.
Field Dielectric Sensor for Soil Pollution Application
Authors: Ismail R , Dahim M , Jaradat A , Hatamleh R , Telfah D , Abuaddous M , Al-Mattarneh H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new dielectric sensor which could be used for assessment and evaluation of soil pollution in the field. The new device determines the dielectric properties of soil from the measured soil impedances. The dielectric properties used as indirect method to estimate type and pollution content in soil. The new device was calibrated and validated for accurate measurement of soil dielectric properties in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 30 MHz. The new proposed dielectric sensor was used to measure the dielectric properties of clean and contaminated soil. The measured dielectric properties of soil using the proposed sensor could be used to estimate soil moisture content, hydrocarbon diesel and salinity in sand soil. The results also show that the dielectric properties of clay soil were higher than the dielectric properties of san due to existing bound water in clay minerals. Further testing is necessary to evaluate the effects of other parameters such as temperature and various type of soil prior to adopt the sensor for field testing.
Raw Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Fenton, Photo Fenton and Photo Catalytic: A Comparison Study
Authors: Martini Sri , Afroze Sharmeen , Roni Kiagus Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work implemented solar TiO2 photocatalysis, Fenton, and photo-Fenton separately for treating raw petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) in terms of its COD and TOC removal. The effect of irradiation and reaction time along with initial pH on the degradation profiles was assessed and compared. The experimental work then revealed that maximum removal efficiency of COD and TOC by solar TiO2 photocatalysis was 48.2 and 53.3%, respectively while photo-Fenton reached 54.1 and 59.1%, respectively. Photo-assisted process was found significantly better than dark mechanism, especially for TiO2 catalysis. In addition, employing acidic condition in the range of 3 to 5 in both photocatalysis and photo-Fenton processes resulted in the obvious improvement of pollutant degradation. Eventually, the kinetic study indicated that the degradation of COD and TOC is suitable to pseudo-first-order pattern by reaching high R2 values.
Environmental Ethics of Belu Society in Indonesia and Bobonaro Society in Timor Leste: An Ecological Reflection
Authors: Fios F , Benny  , Martoredjo N T , Arivia Gadis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Environmental ethics deals with the moral dimensions of human relations with the environment. The focus of this research is to concentrate on an effort to construct environmental ethical values based on the local indigenous people of Belu, East Nusa Tenggara Province-Indonesia, and Bobonaro District-Negara Timor Leste. The research findings show local indigenous human relations with the ecological reality of the Belu community, namely Badu Tradition (prohibition), Sau (harvest), and traditional weaving crafts. Meanwhile the local indigenous people of Bobonaro District, namely: tara bandu (prohibition), na’in (guardian of nature), diversification of plants, terraced land and stone wall fences, traditional medicines, and guarding of water sources. This finding is an important basis for making an ecological reflection based on local wisdom in the context of environmental conservation to support sustainable development. The environmental ethics of the Belu and Bobonaro people are interpreted as natural resources and ecological culture, the legacy of traditions, and the reality of the spiritual nature of the Belu and Bobonaro people in building relationships with the environment. Efforts to care for the environment are shown by respecting the social rules and norms that govern the relationship between local Belu and Bobonaro people with the environment. This local wisdom of Belu and Bobonaro can be a theoretical reference in caring for the environment. Local indigenous-based environmental ethics thinking is very important in helping to solve the problem of less than ideal relations between humans and the environment that is still happening in the implementation of the development that is being carried out. The findings of this study can make an important contribution to environmental conservation efforts to support the big idea of sustainable development.
Effects of Climate Change on the Surface Waters of the Santa River, La Rinconada - Ancash – Peru
Authors: Campomanes Giovene Pérez , Iannacone José 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effect of climate change on the surface waters of the Santa River, the town center la Rinconada, Ancash, Peru, was assessed. Climate change was modeled between 2006 - 2015, through temperature, precipitation, and historical evapotranspiration versus surface waters based on water availability, and the best regression equations were selected. A validated survey of users of the Rinconada Irrigation Commission (CRR) was also taken. The best equation was exponential type for surface water and average precipitation. In contrast, for surface water and climate change the most appropriate was multiple linear regression. In relation to the survey, 83.33% strongly agree that they are concerned about climate change, and 81.37% agree that they are fully prepared for climate change caused by high temperatures. 27.5 % strongly disagree that the amount of water available in the canals has decreased because of climate change. It is concluded that it is possible to predict water availability in the face of the presence of climate change by applying regression users equations, and that there is concern of CRR users, in the face of the presence of climate change.
Electronic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study: Management input for Highly Urbanized Cities
Authors: Novelero J , Mariano O 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Electronic Waste (E-Waste) is said to be any electrical or electronic device that have reached the terminal of its useful life. The major issues are the volume and the raw materials used in crafting E-waste which is non-biodegradable and contains hazardous substances that are toxic to human health and the environment. The objectives of this study are to gather baseline data in terms of the composition of E-waste in the solid waste stream and to determine the top 5 E-waste categories in a highly urbanized city. The study utilized the data from the official 2014 WACS of Pasig City and taken the combined percentages of the special and hazardous waste from the overall waste composition. There were three major stages that were followed from the WACS process. These were; Preparation & Training, Actual E-Waste Characterization, and Data Processing and Analysis. Recommendations in managing these wastes for its reduction were provided to serve as guide for acceptance and implementation in the locality. Pasig City was the chosen beneficiary of the research output and through the collaboration of the City Government of Pasig and its Solid Waste Management Office (SWMO); the study successfully piloted the Electronic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (E-WACS).
Cannabis farms in California rely on wells outside of regulated groundwater basins
Authors: Dillis Christopher , Butsic Van , Carah Jennifer , Zipper Samuel C , Grantham Theodore 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As permitted cannabis farming in California continues to expand statewide, including in ecologically sensitive watersheds, an improved understanding of water-use practices is needed. Existing evidence suggests widespread reliance on groundwater wells for cannabis irrigation may result in streamflow depletion, yet our understanding of where and why well use for cannabis is most prevalent is currently limited. Here, we use California state cannabis permitting data to address four important information gaps regarding well use by cannabis farming: (1) the prevalence of groundwater wells as an irrigation source for regulated cannabis farms statewide, (2) the extent to which groundwater use occurs outside of regulated groundwater basins, (3) the most useful predictors of whether a farm will rely on groundwater for irrigation, and (4) the potential well use from cannabis farms that are currently unpermitted. Well use by cannabis farms is common statewide, with percentages in excess of 75% among permitted farms in nine of the 11 top cannabis producing counties. In eight of these 11 counties, more than one quarter of farms using wells are located outside of groundwater basins subject to state groundwater use regulations. We found that cultivation area size was a positive predictor of well use, while annual precipitation and on-farm stream network density were negative predictors, highlighting the influences of water demand and surface water availability. The output of a machine learning model trained with data from permitted farms in Northern California suggests that the majority (60%) of unpermitted farms are likely to use groundwater wells if they follow the same patterns as the regulated industry. Our results suggest that proactive steps be taken to address groundwater use in cannabis regulations in California and call for further research into the effects of groundwater use on streamflow, especially outside of large groundwater basins.
Individualisation of glycaemic management in older people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines recommendations
Authors: Christiaens Antoine , Henrard Séverine , Zerah Lorène , Dalleur Olivia , Bourdel-Marchasson Isabelle , Boland Benoit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Recommendations for individualised glycaemic management in older people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have recently been provided in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) issued by major scientific societies. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the content of these recommendations concerning health assessment, targets for glycaemic control, lifestyle management and glucose-lowering therapy across CPGs.

Methods
The CPGs on T2D management in people aged ≥65 years published in English after 2015 by major scientific societies were systematically reviewed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The quality of the CPGs included was assessed using the AGREE-II tool. The recommendations for individualised glycaemic management were extracted, and their level of evidence (LOE) and strength of recommendation recorded.

Results
Three CPGs of high methodological quality were included, namely those from the American Diabetes Association 2020, the Endocrine Society 2019 and the Diabetes Canada Expert Committee 2018. They made 27 recommendations addressing individualised glycaemic management, a minority of which (40%) had a high LOE. Comparison of the 27 recommendations identified some discrepancies between CPGs, e.g. the individualised values of HbA1c targets. The 13 strong recommendations addressed 10 clinical messages, five of which are recommended in all three CPGs, i.e. assess health status, screen for cognitive impairment, avoid hypoglycaemia, prioritise drugs with low hypoglycaemic effects and simplify complex drug regimens.

Conclusions
Although there is a consensus on avoiding hypoglycaemia in older patients with T2D, significant discrepancies regarding individualised HbA1c targets exist between CPGs.
Is act-consequentialism self-effacing?
Authors: Venkatesh Nikhil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Act-consequentialism (C) is self-effacing for an agent iff that agent’s not accepting C would produce the best outcome. The question of whether C is self-effacing is important for evaluating C. Some hold that if C is self-effacing that would be a mark against it (Williams 1973: 134); however, the claim that C is self-effacing is also used to defend C against certain objections (Parfit 1984: Ch. 1, Railton 1984).
In this paper I will show that one argument suggested by Parfit and Railton fails to establish that C is self-effacing for individuals. However, a slightly different argument may show that C is self-effacing for groups. This raises the intriguing possibility that it might be right for an individual, but not for a group of which they are a member, to accept a moral theory. This possibility, odd though it seems, might be helpful to consequentialists.
A systematic evaluation of the computational tools for lncRNA identification
Authors: Zheng Hansi , Talukder Amlan , Li Xiaoman , Hu Haiyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The computational identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is important to study lncRNAs and their functions. Despite the existence of many computation tools for lncRNA identification, to our knowledge, there is no systematic evaluation of these tools on common datasets and no consensus regarding their performance and the importance of the features used. To fill this gap, in this study, we assessed the performance of 17 tools on several common datasets. We also investigated the importance of the features used by the tools. We found that the deep learning-based tools have the best performance in terms of identifying lncRNAs, and the peptide features do not contribute much to the tool accuracy. Moreover, when the transcripts in a cell type were considered, the performance of all tools significantly dropped, and the deep learning-based tools were no longer as good as other tools. Our study will serve as an excellent starting point for selecting tools and features for lncRNA identification.
GPR151 in nociceptors modulates neuropathic pain via regulating P2X3 function and microglial activation
Authors: Xia Li-Ping , Luo Hao , Ma Qiang , Xie Ya-Kai , Li Wei , Hu Hailan , Xu Zhen-Zhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a major health problem that affects up to 7–10% of the population worldwide. Currently, neuropathic pain is difficult to treat because of its elusive mechanisms.
Here we report that orphan G protein-coupled receptor 151 (GPR151) in nociceptive sensory neurons controls neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. GPR151 was mainly expressed in non-peptidergic C-fibre dorsal root ganglion neurons and highly upregulated after nerve injury. Importantly, conditional knockout of Gpr151 in adult nociceptive sensory neurons significantly alleviated chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain-like behaviour but did not affect basal nociception. Moreover, GPR151 in DRG neurons was required for chronic constriction injury-induced neuronal hyperexcitability and upregulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), which is necessary for microglial activation in the spinal cord after nerve injury. Mechanistically, GPR151 coupled with P2X3 ion channels and promoted their functional activities in neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity. Knockout of Gpr151 suppressed P2X3-mediated calcium elevation and spontaneous pain behaviour in chronic constriction injury mice. Conversely, overexpression of Gpr151 significantly enhanced P2X3-mediated calcium elevation and dorsal root ganglion neuronal excitability. Furthermore, knockdown of P2X3 in dorsal root ganglia reversed chronic constriction injury-induced CSF1 upregulation, spinal microglial activation and neuropathic pain-like behaviour. Finally, the coexpression of GPR151 and P2X3 was confirmed in small-diameter human dorsal root ganglion neurons, indicating the clinical relevance of our findings.
Together, our results indicate that GPR151 in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and could be a potential target for treating neuropathic pain.
Christian Bioethics and the Partisan Commitments of Secular Bioethicists: Epistemic Injustice, Moral Distress, Civil Disobedience
Authors: Cherry Mark J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Secular bioethicists do not speak from a place of distinction, but from within particular culturally, socially, and historically conditioned standpoints. As partisans of moral and ideological agendas, they bring their own biases, prejudices, and worldviews to their roles as ethical consultants, social advocates, and academics, attempting rhetorically to sway others and shift policy to a preferred point of view. Their pronouncements represent just one voice among others, even when delivered with strident rhetoric, in an educated and knowing tone, from within institutional positions of power. This essay argues that, given the hegemony of progressive secular bioethics, traditional Christians routinely face epistemic injustice within medicine. That is, Christian knowledge regarding moral reality is all too often demeaned or dismissed, unless such norms can be translated into and defended within a secular ethos. Given such systemic bias, I argue, Christians also experience significant moral distress: they are fully aware of their moral obligations and what they ought to do, but institutionalized power structures make it nearly impossible to so act. But, Christian physicians are not mere technicians, obliged to provide whatever patients request from the list of legally available treatments. That antireligious critics seek to remove the rights of Christian physicians to limit how they practice medicine, where they do not offer or refer for abortion, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and other inappropriate forms of care, is unjustified and prejudicial, singling out Christians, and other religious groups, for singular treatment. Regardless of what the law requires or institutional policy demands, however, Christians are obliged to submit to God in all things. As a result, they may at times find themselves required to engage in acts of civil disobedience.