bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between restricted intra-uterine growth and inadequate postnatal nutrition in very-low-birth-weight infants and their neurodevelopmental outcomes: a 50-month follow-up study
Authors: Uberos Jose , Jimenez-Montilla Sara , Machado-Casas Irene , Laynez-Rubio Carolina , Fernández-Marin Elizabeth , Campos-Martínez Ana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInadequate nutrition during a critical period of development – as is the case during gestation and the first days of life, especially in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, can impact on neurodevelopment and favour co-morbidities. In this study, we evaluate how neurodevelopment may be affected by intra-uterine growth (IUGR) restriction and by an inadequate intake of nutritional energy during the early neonatal period. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted to analyse the nutritional contributions received during the first week of life, among a population of 396 VLBW infants. Motor, cognitive, sensory and behavioural development was assessed at 14, 25, 33 and 50 months. The association between IUGR, postnatal energy restriction and neurodevelopment was examined using multivariate logistic regression techniques. Mild cognitive delay was observed in 35·6 % of neonates with IUGR and in 24 % of those with appropriate birth weight. IUGR is associated with behavioural disorder (OR 2·60; 95 % CI 1·25, 5·40) and delayed cognitive development (OR 2·64; 95 % CI 1·34, 5·20). Energy restriction during the first week of life is associated with visual deficiency (OR 2·96; 95 % CI 1·26, 6·84) and cerebral palsy (OR 3·05; CI 95 % 1·00, 9·54). In VLBW infants, IUGR is associated with behavioural disorder, while postnatal energy restriction is significantly associated with motor disorder, infantile cerebral palsy and sensory disorder.
Active fault-tolerant control of a Schon̈flies parallel manipulator based on time delay estimation
Authors: Ghaf-Ghanbari Pegah , Mazare Mahmood , Taghizadeh Mostafa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new hybrid fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy based on nonsingular fast integral-type terminal sliding mode (NFITSM) and time delay estimation (TDE) is proposed for a Schönflies parallel manipulator. In order to detect, isolate, and accommodate actuator faults, TDE is used as an online fault estimation algorithm. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is performed using Lyapunov theory. The proposed controller performance is compared with conventional sliding mode and feedback linearization control methods. The obtained results reveal the superiority of the proposed FTC based on TDE and NFITSM.
The Uncommon Defense Policy: History, Evolution, and Future Directions
Authors: BURKE RYAN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe United States Constitution requires the government “to provide for the common defense.” As a prime topic featured prominently throughout the legislative blueprint of American society, the “common defense” is conspicuously uncommon in today’s policy scholarship and education. Ironically, the policy discipline largely ignores defense issues despite defense serving as the catalyst for establishing policy studies as an academic field in the 1940s. Through decades of military conflict since and obvious relevance to practitioner behavior, defense issues remain ironically absent the public policy scholarly landscape and are instead hosted primarily within strategic and security studies mediums. This article offers an historical examination of the evolution, development, and scholarly shifts in defense policy over time. It also presents perceived reasons for the lack of defense policy dialogue, recommends approaches to reintegrate the topic back into the scholarly discourse, and concludes arguing defense policy warrants greater attention in academic scholarship and teaching.
Developing in-service teachers’ pedagogical knowledge of CALL through project-oriented tasks: The case of an online professional development course
Authors: Nami Fatemeh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe growing popularity of online CALL professional development (PD) courses and programs has necessitated a more in-depth look into their design. For so doing, a qualitative case study was carried out to explore how project-based learning (PBL) contributes to six in-service teachers’ CALL PD. Drawing on data obtained from technology-review projects and follow-up discussions, it was observed that the experience of review, reflection, and discussion enhanced participants’ technological knowledge, along with their attention to the affordances and constraints of different tools, their application for materials development or selection, and CALL evaluation. The potential contribution of this study to PD research lies in the account of how inquiry-oriented projects can be defined into the design of a CALL PD. The integration strategies are applicable for online PD attempts across various contexts.
Investigating the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and autistic traits in a university population
Authors: Carpita Barbara , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Amatori Giulia , Cappelli Andrea , Salerni Antonio , Massimetti Gabriele , Borgioli Davide , Carmassi Claudia , Massai Rossano , Dell’Osso Liliana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrthorexia nervosa (ON) is an emerging condition featuring restrictive eating behaviors on the basis of subjective beliefs about food healthiness. Many authors have stressed the similarities between ON and anorexia nervosa (AN) in both cognitive and behavioral patterns. Despite that, while the link between AN and female autism presentations is well known in the literature, no study has yet investigated the relationship between ON and autism spectrum. This work aims to investigate the relationship between ON and autistic traits in a university population.MethodsAn e-mail invitation was sent to all the students and University workers of University of Pisa. Subjects were asked to fulfill the ORTO-15 and the Adult Autism Subthreshold spectrum (AdAS spectrum) questionnaires.ResultsA total of 2426 subjects joined the survey: 623 subjects (26.3%) reported a score associated with significant orthorexic symptoms according to ORTO-15 (ON group), while 1789 subjects (73.7%) did not report ON symptomatology and were considered as healthy controls (HC). The ON group scored significantly higher on almost all AdAS spectrum domains. Moreover, being female and scoring higher on AdAS spectrum were statistically predictive factors for the presence of ON symptomatology. Among AdAS spectrum domains, higher scores on AdAS spectrum inflexibility and adherence to routine and restricted interests and rumination domains, as well as lower scores on verbal communication domain, were statistically predictive of orthorexic symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings highlight an overlap between ON and autism spectrum psychopathology. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between restrictive eating disorders and female autism phenotypes.
Party Competition and Policy Liberalism
Authors: Baumann Zachary D. , Nelson Michael J. , Neumann Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractParty competition is foundational to the study of modern politics, affecting outcomes as varied as policy choices, political participation, and the quality of representation. Scholars have long argued that increased levels of party competition are associated with more liberal policy making. By this logic, parties in close competition with one another try to expand their bases of support by catering to the desires of those who tend to abstain from the political process—the “have-nots.” We extend this classic hypothesis by examining the relationship between competition and policy liberalism over several decades, articulating and testing a theory that suggests that party competition relates differently to social and economic policy liberalism. We find robust evidence that increased competition has a positive relationship with economic policy liberalism, weaker evidence for a negative relationship between competition and social policy liberalism, and suggestive evidence that the direction and magnitudes of these relationships have changed over time.
Germination ecology of four African mustard (Brassica tournefortii Gouan) populations in the eastern region of Australia
Authors: Singh Sohraab , Mahajan Gulshan , Singh Rajandeep , Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
African mustard (Brassica tournefortii Gouan) is a problematic winter annual weed in Australia. Germination ecology of B. tournefortii may change in response to the maternal environments or habitats in which the plants grow. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on germination and emergence of four populations of B. tournefortii that were collected from different fields. Averaged over populations, germination was stimulated by dark and was higher at 25/15 C (92%) compared with 15/5 C (76%) and 35/25 C (45%). Averaged over light/dark regimes, at the lowest temperature regime (15/5 C), population A had higher germination than population D; however, at the highest temperature regime (35/25 C), population D had higher germination than population A. Populations B and C had higher germination in the temperature range of 25/15 C and 30/20 C compared with 15/5 C, 20/10 C, and 35/25 C. Seeds germinated at a wide range of alternating day/night temperatures (15/5 to 35/25 C), suggesting that seeds can germinate throughout the year if other optimum conditions are available. Population A was more tolerant to water and salt stress than population D. The sodium chloride concentration and osmotic potential required to inhibit 50% germination of population A were 68 mM and −0.60 MPa, respectively. Averaged over populations, seeds placed at 1-cm soil depth had the highest emergence (54%), and burial depth of 8 cm resulted in 28% seedling emergence. Averaged over populations, wheat residue retention at 6,000 kg ha−1 resulted in greater seedling emergence than the residue amount of 1,000 kg ha−1. The results suggest that B. tournefortii will be favored in no-till systems and that the seedbank of B. tournefortii could be managed by tillage regimes that bury its seeds below 8-cm depths and restrict seedling emergence and growth of new plants.
3D Basin‐Scale Groundwater Flow Modeling as a Tool for Geothermal Exploration: Application to the Geneva Basin, Switzerland‐France
Authors: Alcanié Marion , Collignon Marine , Møyner Olav , Lupi Matteo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSwitzerland promotes the energy transition by supporting the development of geothermal energy. We built a 3D basin‐scale fluid flow model of the Geneva Basin, France‐Switzerland, using the open‐source Matlab Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). The model is calibrated on available well and active seismic data. The goal of the numerical study is to investigate temperature and pressure distribution at the depth that could be used to identify large‐scale positive thermal anomalies. Previous and ongoing projects have assessed the geothermal potential of the region using static conductive models interpolated from bottom hole temperatures. However, a consistent basin‐scale fluid flow model of the Geneva Basin is still lacking. We perform 14 numerical models, articulated into three complementary studies to investigate how thermal properties, petrophysical parameters, and tectonic features affect fluid flow. We constrain our simulations by implementing a progressive degree of geological and petrophysical realism to study the physical processes driving fluid flow in the Geneva basin. We propose based on the simulation results a conceptual model showing that fluid flow is driven by the down‐welling of meteoric waters that cool down rocks at the edge of the Geneva Basin. In turn, this temperature drop promotes the up‐welling of warmer fluids in the center of the basin where we suggest that exploration for geothermal resources should focus. Finally, the approach presented in this study could be used for the first assessment of geothermal resources in other sedimentary basins.
How Equivalent Are Equivalent Porous Media?
Authors: Zareidarmiyan Ahmad , Parisio Francesco , Makhnenko Roman Y. , Salarirad Hossein , Vilarrasa Victor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeoenergy and geoengineering applications usually involve fluid injection into and production from fractured media. Accounting for fractures is important because of the strong poromechanical coupling that ties pore pressure changes and deformation. A possible approach to the problem uses equivalent porous media to reduce the computational cost and model complexity instead of explicitly including fractures in the models. We investigate the validity of this simplification by comparing these two approaches. Simulation results show that pore pressure distribution significantly differs between the two approaches even when both are calibrated to predict identical values at the injection and production wells. Additionally, changes in fracture stability are not well captured with the equivalent porous medium. We conclude that explicitly accounting for fractures in numerical models may be necessary under some circumstances to perform reliable coupled thermohydromechanical simulations, which could be used in conjunction with other tools for induced seismicity forecasting.
The 2000–2012 Global Warming Hiatus More Likely With a Low Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Modak Angshuman , Mauritsen Thorsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe global warming hiatus during the first decade of the 21st century has posed a challenge to the scientific community, though a leading explanation is that it was caused by internal variability overlaying a forced global warming trend. Here, we apply the Winton‐Held two‐layer model and show that the probability of the observed 2000–2012 hiatus period to arise from internal variability driven by white noise is larger if climate sensitivity is low. This is due to the delayed response of the oceans that cause the forced trend to increase faster with rising climate sensitivity than does natural variability, leading to a decreasing likelihood of observing the hiatus. The results are confirmed with the latest climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).
Itina Trough and Other SW Pacific Examples of Rifting Across Former Subduction/Collision Zones
Authors: Taylor Brian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Itina Trough is a late Miocene rift graben formed at the beginning of Woodlark Basin opening where the northern Louisiade Plateau micro‐continent had collided with the eastern Pocklington Rise remnant arc. We infer that it was the collisional suture of this Plateau subducted at the Pocklington Trough that either thickened the crust and weakened the lithosphere and/or adjoined the apparently thicker Louisiade micro‐continent to the thinner crust of the eastern Pocklington Rise, and thereby localized the rifting. Other examples of rifting across a remnant arc‐trench system in the SW Pacific include the South Rennell Trough and the Norfolk Basin.
Self‐Organization of Coastal Barrier Systems During the Holocene
Authors: Mariotti G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the response of coastal barrier systems to sea level rise is a crucial societal need. Despite the problem having been studied extensively, major knowledge gaps remain. For example, neither the sedimentary record nor existing numerical models have been conclusive in explaining the formation of barrier islands. Here I present a comprehensive 2D model that seamlessly couples cross‐shore and along‐shore transport, tidal transport, storm surges, and wind waves, and use it to simulate an idealized passive margin during the last 7,000 years. In the early Holocene, when sea level was rising ∼20 mm/yr, shoals and ephemeral barrier islands formed, periodically drowned, and then formed again at a landward location. Shoal emergence was triggered by the disequilibrium of the recently submerged shelf, especially for large waves and mild shelf slopes. About 5,000 years ago, as sea level rise slowed down to ∼1 mm/yr, barriers stabilized and even prograded seaward. The combination of excess sediment in the nearshore and storm surges allowed barriers to accrete above mean high water. When barriers eventually equilibrated to the new sea level rise rate and started to retreat, their retreat rate was highly variable in space and time due to autogenic processes such as inlet formation and backbarrier channel interception. This variability also included multi‐decadal periods of localized progradation. Both lag dynamics and autogenic processes confound the relationship between barrier retreat and sea level rise rate.
Kinetic Interaction of Cold and Hot Protons With an Oblique EMIC Wave Near the Dayside Reconnecting Magnetopause
Authors: Toledo‐Redondo S. , Lee J. H. , Vines S. K. , Turner D. L. , Allen R. C. , André M. , Boardsen S. A. , Burch J. L. , Denton R. E. , Fu H. S. , Fuselier S. A. , Gershman D. J. , Giles B. , Graham D. B. , Kitamura N. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Lavraud B. , Le Contel O. , Li W. Y. , Moore T. E. , Navarro E. A. , Portí J. , Salinas A. , Vinas A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report observations of the ion dynamics inside an Alfvén branch wave that propagates near the reconnecting dayside magnetopause. The measured frequency, wave normal angle and polarization are consistent with the predictions of a dispersion solver. The magnetospheric plasma contains hot protons (keV), cold protons (eV), plus some heavy ions. While the cold protons follow the magnetic field fluctuations and remain frozen‐in, the hot protons are at the limit of magnetization. The cold protons exchange energy back and forth, adiabatically, with the wave fields. The cold proton velocity fluctuations contribute to balance the Hall term fluctuations in Ohm's law, and the waveEfield has small ellipticity and right‐handed polarization. The dispersion solver indicates that increasing the cold proton density facilitates propagation and amplification of these waves at oblique angles, as for the observed wave.
Observed Trends in the South Asian Monsoon Low‐Pressure Systems and Rainfall Extremes Since the Late 1970s
Authors: You Yujia , Ting Mingfang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe core Indian monsoon region receives more than half of the rainfall extremes from low‐pressure systems (LPSs), which typically form over the Bay of Bengal and propagate upstream against the time‐mean low‐level westerlies. Yet, the relationship between the trends of LPSs and rainfall extremes remains uncertain. Using two tracking algorithms and reanalyses‐derived LPSs, we find that LPS activity and extreme rainfall exhibit coherent trends during the post‐1979 satellite era. Over time, the LPSs propagate preferentially into south‐central India rather than north‐central India, imparting a corresponding dipole footprint in rainfall extremes. Consistent with existing theories that the diabatic heating is instrumental in shifting the LPSs west‐southwestward, the LPSs traveling through south‐central India have stronger updrafts on their west‐southwestern flank than those passing through north‐central India. The increased frequency of LPSs propagating into south‐central India is likely due to a strengthened cross‐equatorial moisture transport, which favors stronger storm ascents.
Probing the Atmospheric Cl Isotopic Ratio on Mars: Implications for Planetary Evolution and Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: Liuzzi Giuliano , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Viscardy Sebastien , Mège Daniel , Crismani Matteo M. J. , Aoki Shohei , Gurgurewicz Joanna , Tesson Pierre‐Antoine , Mumma Michael J. , Smith Michael D. , Faggi Sara , Kofman Vincent , Knutsen Elise W. , Daerden Frank , Neary Lori , Schmidt Frédéric , Trompet Loïc , Erwin Justin T. , Robert Séverine , Thomas Ian R. , Ristic Bojan , Bellucci Giancarlo , Lopez‐Moreno Jóse Juan , Patel Manish R. , Vandaele Ann Carine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFollowing the recent detection of HCl in the atmosphere of Mars by ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter, we present here the first measurement of the 37Cl/35Cl isotopic ratio in the Martian atmosphere using a set of Nadir Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) observations. We determine an isotopic anomaly of −6 ± 78‰ compared to Earth standard, consistent with the −51‰–−1‰ measured on Mars’ surface by Curiosity. The measured isotopic ratio is also consistent with surface measurements, and suggests that Cl reservoirs may have undergone limited processing since formation in the Solar Nebula. The examination of possible sources and sinks of HCl shows only limited pathways to short‐term efficient Cl fractionation and many plausible reservoirs of “light” Cl.
The 2‐Day Photochemical Oscillations in the Mesopause Region: The First Experimental Evidence?
Authors: Kulikov M. Yu. , Belikovich M. V. , Feigin A. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we analyze the main features of the 2‐day photochemical oscillations (2DPO) in the mesopause region (80–90 km) caused by the nonlinear response of mesospheric chemistry to 1‐day variations of solar radiation. The main indicators of 2DPO useful for subsequent detection of this phenomenon in satellite data are extracted from the theoretical data sets obtained using different chemical‐transport modeling approaches. The indicators are applied to find examples of these oscillations in the nighttime profiles of H and O concentration for the year 2003, taken from the SABER database. The 2DPO appearance/suppression is controlled by a local value of vertical eddy diffusion coefficient which is a critical parameter for three‐dimensional constituent distributions in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Thus, the experimental registration of 2DPO can be used to validate and subsequently improve the retrieval procedures in future determinations of a detailed distribution of .
Deformation, CPO, and Elastic Anisotropy in Low‐Grade Metamorphic Serpentinites, Atlantis Massif Oceanic Core Complex
Authors: Kuehn R. , Behrmann J. H. , Stipp M. , Kilian R. , Leiss B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCrystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) and the associated seismic anisotropy of serpentinites are important factors for the understanding of tectonic settings involving hydrated Earth´s mantle, for example, at slow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges. CPO of lizardite and magnetite in low‐grade metamorphic serpentinites from the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 30°N) were determined using synchrotron high energy X‐ray diffraction in combination with Rietveld texture analysis. Serpentinite mesh structures show weak CPO while deformed samples show a single (0001) maximum perpendicular to the foliation. Seismic anisotropies calculated from CPO show up to >11% anisotropy for compressional waves (Vp) and shear wave splitting up to 0.38 km/s in the deformed samples. This indicates that deformation in shear zones controls elastic anisotropy and highlights its importance in defining the seismic signature of hydrated upper mantle.