bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two commercial and one in-house real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of bacterial gastroenteritis
Authors: Tanida Konstantin , Hahn Andreas , Frickmann Hagen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was a comparative evaluation of in-house real-time PCR and commercial real-time PCR (Fast Track Diagnostics (FTD), ampliCube/Mikrogen) targeting enteropathogenic bacteria from stool in preparation of Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices.MethodsBoth 241 stool samples from patients and 100 samples from German laboratory control schemes (“Ringversuche”) were used to comparatively assess in-house real-time PCR, the FTD bacterial gastroenteritis kit, and the ampliCube gastrointestinal bacterial panels 1&2 either with the in-house PCRs as gold standard and as a test comparison without gold standard applying latent class analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, intra- and inter-assay variation and Cohen’s kappa were assessed.ResultsIn comparison with the gold standard, sensitivity was 75–100% for strongly positive samples, 20–100% for weakly positive samples, and specificity ranged from 96 to 100%. Latent class analysis suggested that sensitivity ranges from 81.2 to 100% and specificity from 58.5 to 100%. Cohen’s kappa varied between moderate and nearly perfect agreement, intra- and inter-assay variation was 1–3 to 1–4 Ct values.ConclusionAcceptable agreement and performance characteristics suggested replaceability of the in-house PCR assays by the commercial approaches.
Holding Geostationary Satellite at Given Standing Point, Taking into Account Additional Phase Restrictions
Authors: Gorbulin Vladimir , Kotyashov Evgeniy , Chernyavskiy Vladimir , Gruzdev Nikolay 
Published: February 2021

The active lifetime of orbital facilities in the geostationary orbit (GSO), which include stationary artificial earth satellites (SAES) for various purposes, can be more than 15 years. At the same time, in modern conditions of orbital grouping increment, the number of space debris, including those on the GSO, also increases: SAES, which have finished its active lifetime and were not transferred to disposal orbit for some reasons, shards of SAES appeared from collision with meteors or accidents. This leads to the increase of probability of collisions with active SAESs. The listed factors determine the need of considering not only the problem of keeping SAESs in vicinities of position, but also the task of avoiding collisions with space debris objects (SDO), while the costs of the working fluid should not increase.
A great attention is being paid to rational power units placing during the projection of new space shuttles, especially those with long useful lifetime. In this article, it is assumed that SESs are equipped with several correction motors, which make it possible to create control accelerations in only several directions, without changing the orientation of the SES itself. In other words, in this task it is assumed that the corrections of the parameters of the AES orbit do not affect the orientation of the SAES itself. This condition is a severe limitation in the synthesis of the SES’s control system.
In the considered methodological approach, the costs of the working fluid are set as a functionality from control, which are necessary to perform the next correction, after which the SAES will not have dangerous distances and approaching in projection horizon’s interval. This makes it possible to avoid situations when the decision on control is being made after the SES leaves the vicinity of the station point, and first of all, the approach to the SDO at a distance less than a liminal one. This article provides the results of modeling, which indicate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
An important advantage compared with the existing methods is the consideration of the movement of the SAES relatively not only to the stationary point, but also to several other objects located in its vicinity, both controlled and uncontrolled. Moreover, there can be any given number of objects.
Демографическое будущее Китая
Authors: Селиверстова Юлия Андреевна 
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена прогнозу развития демографической ситуации в КНР до 2030 г. Дается характеристика текущих демографических изменений, таких как стремительное старение населения, снижение рождаемости, половой дисбаланс, трудовая миграция из села в город, активный процесс урбанизации. Показано, что острота существующих социальных вопросов во многом обусловлена политикой ограничения рождаемости в стране, проводившейся на протяжении 35 лет. Распространение малодетности и ценностей современной городской среды значительно изменили форму семьи и ее функции. При сохранении существующих тенденций население Китая в размере 1,4 млрд человек через 8 лет исчерпает потенциал к росту, начнется естественная убыль. При увеличении числа пожилых людей и высокой продолжительности жизни трудоспособное население будет сокращаться, еще сильнее уменьшится количество детей в возрасте до 14 лет. Окончание действия демографического дивиденда для экономического развития КНР сопряжено с ростом социальной напряженности. В ближайшие годы значительно возрастет нагрузка на систему городской прописки, социального обеспечения и здравоохранения. Для эффективного противодействия нарастающему кризису правительству страны необходимо уделить повышенное внимание решению проблем сельских жителей, реформированию системы пенсионного и медицинского страхования, укреплению института семьи, мерам по поддержке семей с детьми.
Larvicidal Activity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Isolated from Mexico against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Treviño-Cueto Diego , Subbotin Sergei A. , Sanchez-Peña Sergio R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are widely used agents of biological control, mainly targeting soil-inhabiting insect pests. Reports indicate that these terrestrial EPNs are also able to infect the aquatic larvae of mosquitoes. We isolated EPN strains (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and Steinernema carpocapsae [Weiser]) from local soils at Saltillo, Coahuila state, Mexico. EPNs from these strains were produced in the laboratory in yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) larvae, and their pathogenicity as infective juveniles (IJs) was tested against larvae of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) Third- and fourth-instar mosquito larvae were exposed to four concentrations of IJs (25, 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva) of five strains of local EPNs in laboratory assays. All strains of EPN caused lethal infections in larvae (3–100%); in particular, strain M5 of S. carpocapsae caused 100% mortality at the 200 IJ/larva concentration, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 42 IJ/larva (LC90 = 91 IJ/larva). Strain M18 of H. bacteriophora caused 73% mortality at 200 IJ/larva, with an LC50 = 72 and LC90 = 319 IJ/larva. IJs were produced by all strains in mosquito larvae, with a range of 66–239 IJ/mosquito larva (inoculated at 100 IJ/larva) across strains, suggesting that horizontal transmission might occur in the field. This represents the first report of native EPN strains from Mexico exhibiting pathogenicity against mosquito larvae. Native EPN strains should be further evaluated as potential biological control agents in mosquito management.
IMMUNE REGULATION OF HEMOSTASIS IN INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES CADETS OF UFA LAW INSTITUTE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Sitdikova Olesya , Kabirova Milyausha , Gubina Oksana 
Published: February 2021

Subject. Inflammatory periodontal diseases are accompanied by violations of the body's reactivity to the introduction of the pathogen. At various stages of the immune response, Pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced, such as interleukins 1, 6 (IL-1, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemokines in particular IL-8. Cytokines serve as an organizing system that forms and regulates the entire complex of protective reactions of the body, provides activation of various types of cells, including white blood cells, dendritic, endothelial, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, and others. They cause endothelial activation, leading to increased permeability, increased expression of adhesive molecules, and increased procoagulant activity. The appearance of interleukins in the focus of inflammation causes the production of tissue factor, Willebrand factor, plasminogen activators, etc., which stimulate the reactions of vascular-platelet hemostasis, which activate the Pro-enzyme-enzyme cascade of blood clotting and fibrinolysis.
The aim — to study the effect of cytokines on the hemostatic system in individuals with healthy periodontitis, chronic gingivitis, and chronic generalized periodontitis.
Methodology. 60 cadets aged 18 to 25 years participated in the clinical study at the dental office of the medical unit No. 1 of the medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Ufa). The study group consisted of 45 people: 15 patients with intact periodontitis, 15 patients with moderate chronic gingivitis, and 15 patients with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis.
Results. Correlations between IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 in gingival sulcus flushes, pockets, and hemostasis parameters were revealed.
Conclusions. In inflammatory periodontal diseases, interleukins can inhibit fibrinolysis, leading to hypercoagulation. Increased thrombosis contributes to the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis.
Comparative analysis of clustering techniques in the internet of things
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Burhan 
Published: February 2021

One of the most important topics in the last decade is the Big Data (BD) and how to link it and benefit from its consumption in different fields, included as the introduction in this research analysis of the BD belonging to devices of the Internet of Things. The concept of managing objects and exploring devices is connected to the Internet and sensors deployed in the world, all these devices are pumping a lot of data through the Internet of Things (IoT) into the world. In order to make the right decisions for people and things, BD using data mining techniques and machine language algorithms help make decisions. The Internet of Things that insert large amounts of data need to be studied, analysed and disseminated in order to access valuable, useful and bug-free information for the purpose of making the right decision and avoiding problems. In this paper, two clustering algorithms simple K-means and self-organising map (SOM) in IoT are presented. Next, comparing the clustering models’ output in the IoT data set that improved the SOM is better than K-means, but it is slower in creating the model.

Keywords: Internet of things (IoT), big data, machine learning, filtered cluster, K-means, SOM.
Impact Assessment of Whole Body Vibration and Physiological Stress Factors on Dumper Operator during Different Phases of Operating Cycle as per ISO 2631-1
Authors: Ramar Kaviraj , Kumaraswamidhas LA , BALAJI PS 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: In the mining industry, the dumper vehicle plays a vital role in material handling tasks. During the various operations, the dumper operators are subjected to Whole-Body Vibrations(WBV) which also affects their physiological factors. The present study investigates the dumper operator discomfort during various dumper operations such as Material-Loading(ML), Loaded-Travel(LT), Material-Unloading(MU) and Unloaded-Travel(UT).
Methodology: The experimental study is carried out in iron ore opencast mine with a 25 number of operators volunteered to participate in this ergonomic assessment, and the evaluation is performed as per ISO 2631:1
Results: During the ML, and MU task, the measured crest factor value is greater than the recommended values. However, the measured aw(8) and VDV(8) magnitude are within the HGCZ limit. In the LT, it is observed that the VDV is within the limit of HGCZ, although the measured value is 4.08 times greater than MU task. The maximum WBV is observed during the UT, and the measured value of VDV falls above the HGCZ limit, and experience a greater amplification of source vibration at 1.6Hz. Moreover, the demand for the operation cycle increases the risk of neck pain and back pain among the study population. Further, operators immediately after the WBV exposure showed a significant increase in Heart Rate by 2.04 bpm. Whereas, no significant influence on the increase in blood pressure (SYS/DIA: 1.56/0.72 mmHg) and a decrease in oxygen saturation level (SpO2) by 1% was observed.
Conclusion: Therefore, the present study reveals that the prolonged sitting and constant experience of WBV force the operator to change the posture more frequent. The combined effect of WBV with asymmetric posture can lead to musculoskeletal disorders.

Practical Applications: The experimental findings support the health and safety officer to make a productive work plan for labour workforce to reduce health-related risk from WBV exposures.
Desain playing with conflict sebagai model pembelajaran resolusi konflik
Authors: Harmawati Yuni , Maftuh Bunyamin , Malihah Elly 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan suatu desain model pembelajaran resolusi konflik yang dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan untuk siswa sekolah menegah pertama maupun sekolah menengah atas. Penelitian ini menggunakan Research and Development, yang mana dalam penelitian ini hanya sampai kepada tahap perumusan design. Dari pengumpulan data dan sumber, akhirnya peneliti menyadur desain playing with conflict yang pernah ditulis oleh Richard B. Powers dan Kat Kirkpatrick, namun oleh peneliti disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Sehingga cocok untuk diimplementasikan di Indonesia dengan sintaksis yang baru. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini dengan adanya desain playing with conflict diharapkan mampu untuk membentuk keterampilan resolusi konflik dasar, yakni belajar untuk mendengarkan orang lain, belajar berbicara namun menghormati orang lain, belajar mengambil keputusan.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to find a conflict resolution learning model design that can be applied in the learning of Pancasila and Citizenship Education for junior high and high school students. Research using Research and Development, which in this study only reached the design formulation stage. From analyzing the data and sources, the researcher finally adapted the play with conflict design that had been written by Richard B. Powers and Kat Kirkpatrick, but the researchers adapted it to the conditions and culture of the Indonesian people. So it is suitable to be implemented in Indonesia with a new syntax. The conclusion of this study with the play with conflict design is expected to be able to form basic conflict skills, namely learning to listen to other people, learn to speak but respect others, learn to make decisions.
Association between Intimate Partner Violence, Knowledge and Use of Contraception in Africa: Comparative Analysis across Five African Regions
Authors: Yusuf Rafeek A. , Dongarwar Deepa , Yusuf Zenab I. , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: February 2021

Background Or Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is common globally, and is associated with several adverse consequences. This study provides a comparative analysis of potential regional differences in the association between IPV and knowledge and use of contraceptives within Africa.
Methods: A multi-country cross-sectional study was conducted using data on women of reproductive age 15-49 years from the Demographic and Health Surveys covering five African regions. Exposure and outcome variables were IPV and reproductive literacy (comprising modern contraception knowledge and contraception usage) respectively. We used survey log-binomial regression models to generate prevalence ratios that estimated the association between IPV versus knowledge and usage of modern contraception.
Results: Overall IPV prevalence in Africa was 30.8% with notable regional differences. Demographic, socioeconomic, and reproductive history markers of IPV were more pronounced in younger women, rural residents, women of low socioeconomic status and those with copious knowledge but poor usage of modern contraception. The level of knowledge of contraception was 84% greater among African women who were victims of IPV compared to their counterparts who were not victims of IPV (p < 0.0001). IPV was not associated with actual usage of modern contraception (p = 0.21).
Conclusion And Global Health Implications: IPV against women in Africa may incentivize knowledge seeking of modern contraception as protective mechanisms. Regional variations notwithstanding, understanding the existing and new characteristics predictive of IPV may inform policy development, resource allocation and prevention of IPV globally.
Key words: • Violence • Women • Contraception; • Knowledge • Usage • Africa • Intimate partner violence • Demo graph ic and health surveys • Benin • Burundi • Egypt • Kenya • South Africa

Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Increasing the Efficiency Factor of Solar Power Plants Due to Solar Energy Localizing
Authors: Mironchuk V. I. , Velchenko A. A. 
Published: February 2021

The article presents an analysis of the state of development of solar energy in Europe and the Republic of Belarus for 2020. An algorithm for increasing the efficiency factor of solar power plants by localizing the solar trajectory depending on the latitude and longitude of the area has been proposed. In particular, taking into account the angle of the Sun position above the horizon and the azimuth angle of the Sun, the increase in the efficiency factor of solar power plants for the Republic of Belarus is calculated. Based on this algorithm, a program has been written that makes it possible to draw a diagram of the solar trajectory. An analysis has been made of the degree of localization of solar energy for solstice days in 6 oblast (regional) centers of the Republic of Belarus; it is found that the highest intensity of solar radiation is observed in Brest and Gomel, the average in Grodno, Minsk and Mogilev, while the lowest one – in the city of Vitebsk. A comparative analysis of the solar trajectory of the city of Berlin (Germany) with the city of Gomel and the city of Brest is carried out. Recommendations have been developed for the effective operation of solar power plants in the oblast (regional) cities of the Republic of Belarus during the year in an autonomous and combined mode of operation. The obtained numerical calculations of the solar trajectory make it possible to optimize the orientation of solar panels for permanently installed panels and for automated solar tracking systems, as well as to select the optimal configuration of the power plant equipment for any geographic area.
ESTUDO TEÓRICO-EXPERIMENTAL NA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL: A RECICLAGEM DO ÓLEO DE SOJA RESIDUAL DE FRITURAS ATRAVÉS DA REAÇÃO DE TRANSESTERIFICAÇÃO BÁSICA – ROTA ETÍLICA
Authors: Fabrício Albiero  , Gilmar de Oliveira Veloso  
Published: February 2021

Sabe-se que a reutilização de resíduos, os quais seriam descartados na natureza, é de suma importância para mitigar a poluição que hoje vivemos. Os biocombustíveis que podem ser utilizados para a alimentação de motores a diesel, vem sendo cada vez mais utilizados com o objetivo de diminuir o impacto dos gases poluentes ao meio ambiente. A reação mais utilizada e viável para a produção de biodiesel é a transesterificação. Essa reação ocorre entre o triacilglicerol, o álcool de cadeia curta (metanol, etanol e butanol) e um catalisador, tal como um ácido ou base, com a formação de glicerol e ésteres (biodiesel). As atividades do projeto, no qual o objetivo era a produção de biodiesel com óleo de cozinha usado em frituras, consistiu de atividades experimentais e teóricas inter-relacionadas. As atividades foram desenvolvidas nas dependências do IFC – campus Concórdia. Os componentes envolvidos na produção de biodiesel foram óleo vegetal utilizado em frituras, etanol e hidróxido de sódio, os produtos - biodiesel e glicerol foram obtidos. Foram realizados teste em escala laboratorial, e o biodiesel foi produzido através da reação de transesterificação em batelada. O óleo de fritura utilizado nos experimentos foi obtido do refeitório da instituição. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises físico-químicas para a caracterização do óleo de fritura: determinação do índice de acidez do óleo (titulação), densidade (medidas de massa e volume) e viscosidade cinemática (viscosímetro de Stokes). Os resultados obtidos não foram significativos por conta das quantidades pequenas envolvidas (escala laboratorial). As medidas sempre eram realizadas em triplicata. Conclui-se que é de difícil acerto a formulação ideal para sua produção, pois dependendo da variação da concentração dos reagentes, e a modificação dos passos a serem seguidos, pode-se obter ou não biodiesel. Pode-se dizer que no decorrer das atividades teve-se um avanço com a produção de biodiesel devido a um melhor domínio do processo, obtendo-se ao término do projeto uma pequena quantidade do biocombustível.
Comparison of Type Well Generation Methods for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Taji Oubaida , Alp Doruk 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Due to ultralow permeability, there is practically no pressure interference between wells producing from tight oil (≈0.1 md average permeability) and shale oil reservoirs (∼0.001 md average permeability). This renders type well methodology as a commonly used tool for forecasting production performance of these “unconventionals.” Several authors proposed different methods for constructing type wells for unconventional reservoirs, but none compared them. In this study, we compare three of the most common types of well generation methods. In the absence of real field data, individual production histories for wells are established by picking Arps decline curve parameters qi, b, and Di, which govern a well’s production performance, from respective distributions of these parameters. Next, we compare type wells constructed using the Monte Carlo (MC) method, final cumulative (FC) method, and time slice (TS) method. Moreover, we study the impact of a possible linear correlation (also linear C) between b and Di (comparable to field observations) on MC, FC, and TS type wells. We also study the effect of well count, and Dmin value, which is the 4th parameter introduced with modified Arps equation for unconventionals. In this paper, we show that type wells generated with TS and FC methods have almost the same behavior, whereas the MC method is affected the most by stochastic experimentation, well count, and Dmin.