bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing CxBladder to Urine Cytology as Adjunct to Cystoscopy in Surveillance of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer—A Pilot Study
Authors: Chai C. A. , Yeoh W. S. , Rajandram R. , Aung K. P. , Ong T. A. , Kuppusamy S. , Nazran A. , Kumaran K. , Razack A. H. A. , Teoh J. Y. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Guidelines advocate cystoscopy surveillance (CS) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) post-resection. However, cystoscopy is operator dependent and may miss upper tract lesions or carcinoma in-situ (CIS). Urine cytology is a common adjunct but lacks sensitivity and specificity in detecting recurrence. A new mRNA biomarker (CxBladder) was compared with urine cytology as an adjunct to cystoscopy in detecting a positive cystoscopy findings during surveillance cystoscopy in our center.Materials and Methods: Consented patients older than 18, undergoing CS for NMIBC, provide paired urine samples for cytology and CxBladder test. Patients with positive cystoscopy findings would undergo re-Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT).Results: Thirty-five patients were enrolled from April to June 2019. Seven contaminated urine samples were excluded. The remaining cohort of 23 (82%) and 5 (18%) females had a mean age of 66.69 (36–89). Eight (29%) patients with positive cystoscopy finding underwent TURBT. All 8 patients also had positive CxBladder result. This shows that CxBladder has a sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, specificity of 75% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 62% in predicting a positive cystoscopy finding. TURBT Histo-pathological findings showed Low-grade Ta NMIBC in one patient (4%), and 7 (25%) patients had inflammatory changes. Urine cytology was only positive in one patient with a positive cystoscopy finding. This led to a sensitivity of merely 13% and NPV of 74%, while specificity and PPV was 100% in predicting a positive cystoscopy finding.Conclusion: CxBladder had high NPV and sensitivity which accurately predicted suspicious cystoscopy findings leading to further investigation. It has great potential for use as adjunct to cystoscopy for surveillance of NMIBC.
Genetic Variants of Alcohol Metabolizing Enzymes and Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis Risk
Authors: Ayuso Pedro , García-Martín Elena , Cornejo-García José A. , Agúndez José A. G. , Ladero José María 
Published: May 2021

Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is a major public health issue caused by excessive alcohol consumption. ARLD encompasses a wide range of chronic liver lesions, alcohol-related liver cirrhosis being the most severe and harmful state. Variations in the genes encoding the enzymes, which play an active role in ethanol metabolism, might influence alcohol exposure and hence be considered as risk factors of developing cirrhosis. We conducted a case-control study in which 164 alcohol-related liver cirrhosis patients and 272 healthy controls were genotyped for the following functional single nucleotide variations (SNVs): ADH1B gene, rs1229984, rs1041969, rs6413413, and rs2066702; ADH1C gene, rs35385902, rs283413, rs34195308, rs1693482, and rs35719513; CYP2E1 gene, rs3813867. Furthermore, copy number variations (CNVs) for ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, and CYP2E1 genes were analyzed. A significant protective association with the risk of developing alcohol-related liver cirrhosis was observed between the mutant alleles of SNVs ADH1B rs1229984 (Pc value = 0.037) and ADH1C rs283413 (Pc value = 0.037). We identified CNVs in all genes studied, ADH1A gene deletions being more common in alcohol-related liver cirrhosis patients than in control subjects, although the association lost statistical significance after multivariate analyses. Our findings support that susceptibility to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis is related to variations in alcohol metabolism genes.
Rethinking the role of underground political work in the struggle for the liberation of Mozambique, late 1950s- 1970s
Authors: Romão Saúte Saíde Alda 
Published: May 2021

Studies on underground (or clandestine forms of political struggle) remain largely unknown with just a few of them published. The study focuses on underground political work in southern Mozambique from the 1950s to the 1970s. The main argument that the study seeks to make is that despite the intensification of colonial exploitation for the benefit of the Portuguese capital, violent repression, imprison and systematic denial of the exercise of political rights for most of the Mozambican people, the people of southern Mozambique had already a period of active underground political growth, inspired by the international political environment (decolonization process after World War II) and after connected to FRELIMO and its platform. Small cells, mostly connecting educated, assimilated people, civil servants, artists, writers, painters, self-employed and workers developed underground activities ranging from the political task of organization, to political awareness, propaganda and spying, to the military task of recruitment for training abroad and to provide the military. Therefore, they countered Portuguese state propaganda and articulated an alternative political agenda. The underground political work had connections and continuity with other forms of struggle, such as with the colonial resistance of the 1950s and the FRELIMO struggle. The study combines primary and secondary written materials and oral accounts with underground political activists/militants.
Epitaxial growth of BaSi2 thin films by co-sputtering of Ba and Si for solar cell applications
Authors: Du Rui , Li Fei , Yang Kaiwen , Li Qiang , Du Weijie , Zhang Yiwen , Suemasu Takashi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new growth method for BaSi2 thin film has been developed by co-sputtering Ba and Si to solve the problem that it is difficult to sputter BaSi2 epitaxial films by a single BaSi2 target. A template layer was first optimized for the subsequent BaSi2 deposition. X-ray diffraction results revealed that BaSi2 epitaxial films with high crystalline quality have been achieved under different growth temperatures between 500 °C–600 °C and different growth rates from 9.37–16.7 nm min−1. Compared with molecular beam epitaxy, the growth rate of BaSi2 was increased by more than one order of magnitude. The new growth method provides a high-speed, low-cost way for the growth of high-quality BaSi2 thin films. BaSi2-based devices such as an n-BaSi2/p-Si heterojunction diode and a Ag/n-BaSi2 Schottky junction diode were also fabricated. We demonstrated the obvious rectifying properties in these junctions, which will be a guide to design and fabricate BaSi2 thin-film solar cells.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN'S SCHOOL PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Graduate Program in Teaching and Formative Processes, São Paulo State University (Unesp) (Brazil), Alves Ediane , Prado Paulo 
Published: May 2021

This research addressed the issue of domestic violence investigating whether and how it affects the school performance of the child who witnesses episodes of violence against the mother in the home. Personal characteristics and other environments in which these children and adolescents are inserted in, such as family, school and community interact with each other and can influence their school performance. Because the school is the second most common space for children, it is in it where family environment is expressed. The main objective of this study was to analyze whether and how domestic violence experienced by children affects their school performance. The data were collected throughout documentary research, one analyzing the information recorded in the files of the Reference and Service Center for Women (CRAM in Portuguese) and the Municipal Education Secretariat (SME). Records were selected from 20 children regularly enrolled in elementary public schools, whose mothers sought the services of CRAM. The dependent variable was school grades, which were analyzed according to a repeated measures design: during the occurrence of domestic violence episodes and after these episodes have ceased. Analyzes were also conducted with the aim of verifying possible effects of other variables, such as school attendance, family socioeconomic status and mothers education level. The results showed that the students had lower school performance after the end of the episodes of violence. No effects of other variables were observed. Factors related to the phenomenon are discussed as possible causes: separation from the father, change of address, custody’s change and others. Considering that the casuistry of this study was composed of students from low-income families, the results point to a kind of "Matthew effect", that is, a relationship between violence, poverty and ignorance in which everyone feeds each other forming a cycle quite hard to break. Therefore, it is necessary that public policies be formulated in the scope of education so that students who experience domestic violence receive specialized attention aiming at realizing their learning potential.
PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES IN ADAPTING DIGITAL COGNITIVE TESTS IN PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Faculty of psychology, LPPL UPRES EA 4638, University of Nantes, Payoux Mélany ,   PerformanSe, Nantes (France), Halim Lara Abdel ,   Faculty of psychology, LPPL UPRES EA 4638, University of Nantes (France), Didry Alexandra ,   PerformanSe, Nantes (France), Trenvouez Arnaud ,   PerformanSe, Nantes (France)
Published: May 2021

Recruiting today is no longer what it used to be. Digital transformation has deeply changed the company, and particularly the recruitment process. The challenges linked to this transformation are two-fold: practical and scientific. Indeed, the world of human resources needs new tools to detect potentials. Research must meet this need by adapting, modernizing and scientifically validating the tools. To predict job performance, cognitive and soft skills, often referred to as "21st century skills", are now central to recruitment, talent development and career management. The objective of our study was to create digital versions of cognitive tests, based on reliable and well-known theoretical foundations. We want to present in detail the conception and construct validity of two of our online tests: the first one inspired by the Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935), the second one based on corsi blocks (Corsi, 1972). We hypothesise that the tests we created are positively correlated to the original ones. 91 participants were interviewed, aged between 18 and 58 (average = 34.57 years old, SD = 10.91). The proportion of women was 76.6% (n = 69), compared to 24.4% of men (n = 22). They all answered the original tests first, face-to-face, and a few months later, the digital ones we had created. We observed positive correlations between the two series of results. These very encouraging results will be clarified and discussed. These two new versions shed light on the candidates' attention and memory abilities that should be enriched during an interview focused on soft skills. In fact, the highest predictability is guaranteed by a method which necessarily combines cognitive evaluations and with other types of assessments, such as personality tests (Güler, Bayrak & Ocaks, 2019). This is why it is important to continue research efforts on the adaptation of digital cognitive tests in a professional environment.
INTELLIGENCE CONTROL ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW BASED ON UTILITY AND BEHAVIOR TREE
Authors: Донских А.К. , Барабанов В.Ф. , Гребенникова Н.И. , Белых М.А. 
Published: May 2021

Проектирование искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) является необходимым процессом в разработке практически любой интерактивной системы моделирования. Если системы проектирования FSM или Behavior Tree не вызывают вопросов, то с Utility AI все сложнее. Предложено единое средство для проектирования как Behavior Tree, так и Utility-based AI. Предлагается вариант системы для проектирования как Behavior Tree AI, так и для Utility AI. Предложено несколько способов проектирования Utility AI (визуальное проектирование, текстовое описание, создание системы на языке программирования), представлены их преимущества и недостатки. Рассмотрен более предпочтительный вариант для разработчика - с визуальным проектированием - система Utility AI, состоящая из набора узлов: Data Source (DS), Scorer, Action. Отмечено, что за проектирование и работу ИИ отвечают две разные системы. Первая система проектирования является самой простой. Вторая, более важная и более сложная система, - это работающий в реальном времени контроллер. Рассмотрены упрощенные алгоритмы для контроллеров Behavior Tree и Utility AI. Использование контроллеров скажется положительным образом на повышении удобства и производительности дизайнера искусственного интеллекта
Designing artificial intelligence (AI) is a necessary process in the development of practically any interactive modeling system. The FSM or Behavior Tree design systems do not cause questions but everything is more complicated with Utility AI. We propose a single means for designing both Behavior Tree and Utility-Based AI. The article proposes a version of the system for designing both Behavior Tree AI and Utility AI. We give several ways of designing Utility AI (visual design, text description, creating a system in programming language), we considered their advantages and disadvantages. We considered a more preferred option for the developer - with visual design - Utility AI system consisting of a set of nodes: DataSource (DS), Scorer, Action. It is noted that two different systems are responsible for the design and operation of AI. The first design system is the simplest. The second, more important and more complex system is a real-time controller. We considered simplified algorithms for Behavior Tree and Utility AI controllers. The use of controllers will affect a positive way to improve the convenience and performance of an artificial intelligence designer
SWITCHING SCANNING ANTENNA SYSTEM BASED ON A FLAT LUNEBERG LENS WITH CONCENTRIC RINGS
Authors: Ашихмин А.В. , Пастернак Ю.Г. , Пендюрин В.А. , Сафонов Ф.С. 
Published: May 2021

Антенные системы с возможностью широкоугольного сканирования довольно часто используются в современных системах беспроводной связи и радиолокационных системах гражданского и военного назначения. Особое внимание привлекли Smart-антенны (антенны с коммутируемым лучом и адаптивные антенные системы), а также фазированные антенные решетки (ФАР). В работе рассмотрен вариант построения ФАР с коммутационным сканированием с диаграммообразующей схемой в виде плоской линзы Люнеберга, состоящей из системы концентрических диэлектрических колец, размещенных на подложке из материала Rogers 5880. Исследованы влияние кронштейна крепления для ФАР на диаграмму направленности, уровень излучения, снижение коэффициента направленного действия и уровня сектора сканирования в азимутальной плоскости. Максимальный диаметр ФАР 160 мм, полная высота такой антенны получилась 38 мм. Запитка осуществляется при помощи коаксиальных кабелей с волновым сопротивлением 50 Ом. Диаметр самой линзы Люнеберга был выбран 80 мм; полная высота линзы мм. Подложка имеет толщину мм, склеенная слоем клея толщиной 0.025 мм. Концентрические кольца на этой подложке имеют высоту 0.787 мм. Минимальная ширина концентрического кольца (внешнего) мм (при резке УФ лазером минимальная ширина перегородки между отверстиями равна 0.05 мм). Полосковые трансформаторы расположены на плате из материала Rogers 5880 и имеют толщину равную мм
Scanning antennas with wide-angle scanning capabilities are widely used in the areas such as modern wireless communications and military and civilian radars. Among them, lens antennas with switched beams and phased array antennas (PHAR) attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we consider a variant of the construction of switching scanning PHAR with a diagram-forming scheme in the form of a flat Luneberg lens consisting of a system of concentric dielectric rings placed on a substrate made of Rogers 5880 material. We studied the effect of the PHAR mounting bracket on the presence of its influence on the radiation pattern, the radiation level, the decrease in the directional coefficient, and the level of the scanning sector in the azimuth plane. The maximum diameter of the PHAR is 160 mm, the full height of this antenna is 38 mm. The power supply is carried out using coaxial cables with a wave resistance of 50 Ohms. The diameter of the Luneberg lens itself was chosen 80 mm; the full height of the lens is H =0.939 mm. The substrate has a thickness of t =0.127 mm, glued with a layer of glue, 0.025 mm thick. The concentric rings on this substrate are 0.787 mm high. Minimum width of the concentric ring (external) d - W =0.25 mm (when cutting with a UV laser, the minimum width of the partition between the holes is 0.05 mm). Strip transformers are located on the board made of Rogers 5880 material and have a thickness of H =0.939 mm
METHOD FOR NONLINEARITY MINIMIZATION OF MULTIPLYING DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER BY LOW RESOLUTION CALIBRATION CONVERTER
Authors: Калиниченко С.В. , Балашов Ю.С. , Харин Д.Г. , Шнайдер А.С. 
Published: May 2021

Представлен метод минимизации нелинейности передаточной характеристики прецизионного умножающего цифро-аналогового преобразователя (ЦАП) с помощью вспомогательного корректирующего ЦАП малой разрядности. В данном методе вспомогательный ЦАП формирует искаженную передаточную характеристику, которая в сумме с передаточной характеристикой основного ЦАП позволяет уменьшить результирующую интегральную и дифференциальную нелинейность. Коэффициенты коррекции, рассчитанные согласно представленному в статье алгоритму, однократно записываются в энергонезависимую память и преобразуются в управляющий сигнал для калибрующего ЦАП с помощью арифметико-логического устройства (АЛУ) в зависимости от входных данных. Для проведения экспериментальных исследований был разработан макет системы калибровки на основе программируемой логической интегральной схемы (ПЛИС) и демонстрационной платы с микросхемой двухканального 16-разрядного ЦАП с сегментированной структурой. Представлены экспериментальные результаты, которые показывают, что в данной системе коррекции собственная нелинейность калибрующего ЦАП не оказывает существенного влияния на итоговую передаточную характеристику. Приведенный алгоритм расчета коэффициентов позволяет эффективно уменьшить абсолютную интегральную и дифференциальную нелинейность 16-разрядного ЦАП до значений менее 1 единицы веса младшего разряда (ЕМР)
In this paper, we present a method for nonlinearity minimization of precision multiplying digital-to-analog converter (DAC) by utilizing low resolution calibration DAC. In this method the calibration DAC generates distorted transfer characteristic which is added to the main DAC characteristic and provides resulting integral and differential nonlinearity reduction. The calibration coefficients are calculated following the presented algorithm and saved in nonvolatile memory and then are converted to controlling digital code of calibration DAC by arithmetical-logical unit (ALU) depending on input data. For experimental research we designed a model of calibration system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and a demo board with dual 16-bit segmented DAC. Then we give experimental results which show that inherent nonlinearity of calibration DAC does not significantly affect overall nonlinearity. The proposed calculation algorithm obtains effective integral and differential nonlinearity minimization of 16-bit DAC down to values of less than one least significant bit (LSB)
SIKAP BELAJAR DAN KEMAHIRAN BAHASA INGGRIS KARYAWAN MEXICOLA MELALUI PELATIHAN BERBASIS PELIBATAN TERINTEGRASI
Authors: Wardana I Ketut , Astuti Putu Sri 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian yang mengamati kondisi ketrampilan berbahasa Inggris siswa dalam pendidikan formal telah banyak dilakukan, namun penelitian yang memfokuskan pada pelatihan komunikasi bahasa Inggris untuk pendidikan informal belum menjadi prioritas. Sehingga, fenomena sumber daya linguistik dan ketrampilan bahasa Inggris masyarakat luar sekolah seharusnya terangkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi awal dan perubahan sikap dan ketrampilan bahasa Inggris karyawan restoran melalui metode pelatihan berbasis pelibatan terintegrasi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tindakan berbasis fenomenologi. Sumber data berupa hasil pelatihan dan pengamatan sikap bahasa 38 karyawan Motel Mexucola. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode pengamatan dengan teknik libat cakap dan catat.melalui tes, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Terdapat tiga tahapan analisis, yaitu kondisi awal, pengembangan, dan kemahiran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan sikap belajar karyawan Mexicola selama pelatihan berbasis pelibatan terintegrasi, yaitu lebih aktif, kooperatif, dan bertanggungjawab dalam menyelesaikan tugas. Sikap belajar ini berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kemampuan ketrampilan bahasa Inggris karyawan dengan tingkat ketuntasan 81%. Ini membuktikan pembelajaran dengan pelibatan terintergrasi antara sikap dan pengetahuan, dan antara hasil pelatihan dengan penerapan langsung dilingkungan kerja telah membentuk pembiasaan penggunaan bahasa fungsional. Hasil pelatihan ini telah membantu karyawan Mexicola dalam peningkatan kualitas komunikasi bahasa Inggris sehingga berdampak pada kuantitas kunjungan wisatawan ke restoran ini
Local Wisdom and Social Change (Roland Barthes' Semiotic Analysis in Advertisement "The Light of Aceh")
Authors: Siregar Rafiqah Yusna 
Published: May 2021

This research focuses on answering how Acehnese local wisdom is represented and sees social changes in the community through advertising media. Using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis to find the meaning of denotation, connotation, and myths in TV commercial "The Light of Aceh", this research employs the constructivism paradigm with qualitative methods. The denotation falls in several objects, such as a traditional house Rumoh Aceh as a place for Acehnese people to live, the customs to honor guests and eat together with them as a symbol of friendship between communities, and the Pacu Kude tradition. The connotation of the local wisdom object has been cultured and become the community's identity, then displayed in the advertisement as the result of the construction of the existing reality. This construction is interpreted as a myth that does not necessarily refer to mythology in the ordinary sense. It is traditional stories, legends, et cetera, but rather an explanation of messages with a connotative dimension. The myths found in the advertisements show the social changes taking place in Acehnese society.

Fokus penelitian ini adalah menjawab bagaimana kearifan lokal Aceh direpresentasikan dan melihat perubahan sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat melalui media iklan. Dengan menggunakan analisis semiotik Roland Barthes untuk menemukan makna denotasi, konotasi, dan mitos dalam iklan TV “The Light of Aceh”, penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme dengan metode kualitatif. Makna denotasi terdapat pada beberapa objek, seperti rumah adat Rumoh Aceh sebagai tempat tinggal masyarakat Aceh, adat istiadat untuk menghormati tamu dan makan bersama sebagai simbol persahabatan antar masyarakat, serta tradisi Pacu Kude. Objek kearifan local yang berkonotasi telah membudaya dan menjadi identitas masyarakat, kemudian ditampilkan dalam iklan tersebut sebagai hasil konstruksi dari realitas yang ada. Konstruksi ini dimaknai sebagai mitos yang tidak serta merta mengacu pada mitologi dalam pengertian biasa. Ini adalah cerita tradisional, legenda, dan sebagainya, tetapi lebih merupakan penjelasan tentang pesan dengan dimensi konotatif. Mitos yang ditemukan dalam iklan tersebut menunjukkan perubahan sosial yang terjadi pada masyarakat Aceh.