bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endophytically colonized Citrus limon seedlings by Beauveria bassiana hampered development, reproduction and progeny fitness of Diaphorina citri
Authors: Ramos Aguila Luis Carlos , Akutse Komivi Senyo , Bamisile Bamisope Steve , Sánchez Moreano Jessica Paola , Ashraf Hafiza Javaria , Zhou Chenghua , Li Xiaofang , Wang Liande 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn response to mitigating the negative impacts of synthetic insecticides in controlling Diaphorina citri, the main vector of Huanglongbing, we assessed the effects of endophytically colonized Citrus limon seedlings by Beauveria bassiana BB‐16 on the population fitness of D. citri using the age‐stage two‐sex life‐table theory. The mean fecundity (F) and reproductive rate (R0) of the F1 generation of D. citri reared on endophytically colonized plants (F = 121.7; R0 = 30.43) were significantly lower than the endophyte‐free plants (F = 438; R0 = 197.1). In addition, the values of finite rate of increase (λ) and intrinsic rate of increase (r) on endophytically colonized plants (λ = 1.0927 day−1; r = 0.0887 day−1), were significantly lower than the endophytes free plants (λ = 1.1528 day−1; r = 0.1422 day−1). Moreover, the pre‐adult survival rate (sa) on endophytically colonized plants (sa = 37.5%) was significantly lower than the endophyte‐free plants (sa = 75%). Our results demonstrate that B. bassiana BB‐16 established as endophyte in C. limon under controlled conditions, reduced the population fitness of D. citri progeny and highlight the potential of integrating this entomopathogenic fungus as endophyte for sustainable management of D. citri and other citrus pests in citrus orchards.
Muscarinic signaling regulates voltage‐gated potassium channel KCNQ2 phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens via protein kinase C for aversive learning
Authors: Faruk Md. Omar , Tsuboi Daisuke , Yamahashi Yukie , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Lin You‐Hsin , Ahammad Rijwan Uddin , Hossen Emran , Amano Mutsuki , Nishioka Tomoki , Tzingounis Anastasios V , Yamada Kiyofumi , Nagai Taku , Kaibuchi Kozo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays critical roles in emotional behaviors, including aversive learning. Aversive stimuli such as an electric foot shock increase acetylcholine (ACh) in the NAc, and muscarinic signaling appears to increase neuronal excitability and aversive learning. Muscarinic signaling inhibits the voltage‐dependent potassium KCNQ current which regulates neuronal excitability, but the regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Phosphorylation of KCNQ2 at threonine 217 (T217) and its inhibitory effect on channel activity were predicted. However, whether and how muscarinic signaling phosphorylates KCNQ2 in vivo remains unclear. Here, we found that PKC directly phosphorylated KCNQ2 at T217 in vitro. Carbachol and a muscarinic M1 receptor (M1R) agonist facilitated KCNQ2 phosphorylation at T217 in NAc/striatum slices in a PKC‐dependent manner. Systemic administration of the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil, which is commonly used to treat dementia, and electric foot shock to mice induced the phosphorylation of KCNQ2 at T217 in the NAc, whereas phosphorylation was suppressed by an M1R antagonist. Conditional deletion of Kcnq2 in the NAc enhanced electric foot shock induced aversive learning. Our findings indicate that muscarinic signaling induces the phosphorylation of KCNQ2 at T217 via PKC activation for aversive learning.
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p‐Coumaric acid alleviates cisplatin‐induced ovarian toxicity in rats
Authors: Ayazoglu Demir Elif , Mentese Ahmet , Kucuk Hatice , Turkmen Alemdar Nihal , Demir Selim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe therapeutic value of cisplatin (CDDP) as an anticancer drug is limited by its ovo‐otoxicity. The effect of natural phenolic acids in the prevention of many diseases related to oxidative stress has been reported. Here, the ability of p‐coumaric (pCA) acid, a member of phenolic acids, to protect rat ovary tissue against CDDP‐induced oxidative stress was investigated.MethodsThe study was carried out in five main groups containing six rats in each group: control, pCA (4 mg/kg), CDDP, CDDP plus pCA (2 mg/kg), and CDDP plus pCA (4 mg/kg). The levels of ovarian malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), catalase (CAT), 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), caspase‐3, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining method was employed for the histopathological examination.ResultsIn the CDDP group, it is determined that statistically significant decreasing in the levels of TAS and CAT, and increasing in the levels of MDA, TOS, OSI, 8‐OHdG, caspase‐3, and TNF‐α compared with control group (p < 0.05). pCA administration statistically significantly restored this damage in a dose‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). Although vascular congestion, edema, hemorrhage, follicular degeneration, and leukocyte infiltration were significantly higher in the CDDP group than in the control group, pCA administrations statistically significantly restored these damages (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe data presented here indicate that pCA protects ovarian tissues of rats against CDDP‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. It may be worthy to consider the usefulness of pCA as adjuvant therapy in cancer management.
Imaging features, therapies, and outcomes of fibrosing inflammatory pseudotumor of the nasopharynx: A systematic review
Authors: Mishra Shruti , Suh Chong Hyun , Bergmark Regan W , Jo Vickie Y , Miyawaki Edison K , Schoenfeld Jonathan D , Uppaluri Ravindra , Guenette Jeffrey P 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeFibrosing inflammatory pseudotumor (FIP) of the nasopharynx is a rare nonneoplastic inflammatory lesion that is frequently mistaken for malignancy or infection. It is often misdiagnosed by radiologists as nasopharyngeal carcinoma or lymphoma, resulting in multiple biopsies and delays in diagnosis. The purpose is to understand trends in clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes of nasopharyngeal FIP.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were queried for articles related to FIP of the nasopharynx. Articles that described cases of FIP involving the nasopharynx were selected. Studies that described inflammatory pseudotumor of the nasopharynx associated with known distinct pathologic entities were excluded.ResultsA total of 19 articles describing 37 patients were included. MRI findings were reported in 32 patients. All cases demonstrated avid gadolinium enhancement. T2‐weighted imaging characteristics were described or displayed for 21 patients: 95% demonstrated hypointensity compared to surrounding mucosa. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT findings were reported for 6 patients, all demonstrating mild FDG avidity.ConclusionsNasopharyngeal FIP is a histological diagnosis of exclusion that presents with facial pain and, often, cranial neuropathies. Relatively low T2‐weighted MRI signal should inform the interpreting neuroradiologist to include FIP as a differential consideration for both the ordering provider and pathologist. Corticosteroid therapy is the most frequently employed therapy and results in partial or complete response in most patients. Radiation therapy and anti‐inflammatory medications have also been reported to have potential therapeutic roles.
Raising justice‐minded youth: Parental ethnic‐racial and political socialization and Black youth's critical consciousness
Authors: Bañales Josefina , Hope Elan C. , Rowley Stephanie J. , Cryer‐Coupet Qiana R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis research explored the co‐occurrence of youth and parent reports of cultural pride and alertness to racial discrimination messages—forms of parental ethnic‐racial socialization—and youth reports of family sociopolitical discussions and parent civic modeling—forms of parental political socialization—among 591 Black parents and adolescents. We examined whether these messages related to youth critical consciousness, or youth's awareness that marginalized groups face social injustice and agency to challenge unjust social issues. Structural equation modeling indicated that youth‐ and parent‐reported parental ethnic‐racial and political socialization co‐occurred among families, with the exception of youth‐ and parent‐reported alertness to discrimination and parent civic modeling. Youth and parent reports of alertness to discrimination socialization were positively associated with critical reflection. Youth reports of cultural pride socialization, family sociopolitical discussions, and parent civic modeling were positively associated with critical agency. Study findings may inform programs that support Black families’ socialization around race and politics.
Impact of Teachers' Language Expression and Message Valence when Conveying Classroom‐Compliance Instructions1
Authors: Ohtani Kazuhiro , Yamamura Asayo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examines how the types of language expression and message valence used by teachers to convey classroom‐compliance instructions affect elementary‐school children's psychological reactance and their intention to follow instructions. Altogether, 178 elementary‐school children (54% girls) participated in a mixed‐design experiment. Participants read four self‐developed cartoons, where a hypothetical teacher conveyed classroom‐compliance instructions through four expressions, and responded to questions measuring psychological reactance and the intention to follow instructions based on the cartoons. The results showed that psychological reactance was relatively significant in the high‐controlling language condition. In the low‐controlling language condition, the approach evoked less psychological reactance and enhanced the intention to follow instructions, whereas avoidance did so in the high‐controlling language condition. Our findings offer suggestions on how teachers can improve classroom management by altering their messages in accordance with the motivation characteristics of their students.
Dispersion of daily physical activity behaviors in school‐age children: A novel approach to measure patterns of physical activity
Authors: Klamm Melissa M. , Duck Angela A. , Welsch Michael A. , Yan Yonghua , Torres Elisa R. , Wade Breanna , Stewart Mary W. , Clayton Jill , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe objectives of this paper are (1) to examine patterns of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior; (2) to describe development of a method to quantify movement dispersion; and (3) to determine the relationship between variables of movement (i.e., volume, intensity, and dispersion), volume of sedentary behavior, and estimated cardiorespiratory capacity in school‐aged children.Design and MethodsA secondary analysis of an existing data set with raw accelerometer data identified PA patterns of movement dispersion in school‐aged children. Bar graphs visually depicted each participant's daily vector magnitude counts. The research team developed a dispersion variable—movement dispersion—and formula to provide a new quantification of daily PA patterns.Totalmovement dispersion represents both intensity and distribution of movement, whereaspuremovement dispersion refers to the distribution of movement during the wear time, independent of intensity. Kendall's tau examined the relationship between several variables: body mass index percentile, average minutes of sedentary behavior, average minutes of light PA, average minutes of moderate‐vigorous PA (MVPA), derived VO2max, total movement dispersion, and pure movement dispersion.ResultsThree participants' activity graphs were presented as examples: (1) active, (2) inactive, and (3) mixed. The more active participant had the highest values for pure and total movement dispersion. The inactive participant had much lower pure and total movement dispersion values compared to the active participant. The mixed participant had high average minutes of MVPA yet lower pure and total movement dispersion values. Total movement dispersion had a significant correlation with average minutes of light PA (r = .406,p = .016) and average minutes of MVPA (r = .686,p < .001). Pure movement dispersion was significantly correlated with average minutes of light PA (r = .448,p = .008) and average minutes of MVPA (r = .599,p < .001). Average minutes of sedentary behavior (SB) were not significantly correlated with total (r = .041,p = .806) or pure movement dispersion (r = .165,p = .326).Practice ImplicationsMovement dispersion may provide another tool to advance knowledge of PA, potentially leading to improved health outcomes. Raw accelerometer data, such as that gathered at the elementary school in this study, offer opportunities to identify school‐aged children at risk for obesity, SB, and lack of PA.
The Afghan Peace Process: Domestic Fault Lines
Authors: Verma Raj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe intra‐Afghan dialogue stalled despite hectic diplomatic efforts by the United States, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Russia, and other countries to revitalize the dialogue and reach a political settlement before Western troops left Afghanistan. This article argues that there were three main reasons for disagreement between the Afghan government and the Taliban, and these issues remained a major stumbling block in the peace process and will prevent lasting peace. First, the Taliban were unwilling to reduce violence or declare a “permanent and comprehensive ceasefire,” as stated in the US‐Taliban peace deal. Second, the Taliban would not accept Afghanistan's democratic political system and insisted on establishing an “Islamic Emirate.” The group also showed its reluctance to respect women's rights and advances made with respect to their social position. Third, the Taliban consistently refused to respect ethnic and religious tolerance of minorities, especially the Shia Hazara. The Hazara have declared that they will take up arms to protect themselves against the Taliban's return to power in Kabul, which does not bode well for peace and stability in Afghanistan.
A Genome‐wide association study of premolar agenesis in a chinese population
Authors: Fan Liwen , Ma Lan , Zhu Guirong , Yao Siyue , Li Xiaofeng , Yu Xin , Pan Yongchu , Wang Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivePremolar agenesis is a common subtype of tooth agenesis. Although a genome‐wide study (GWAS) has identified some variants involved in tooth agenesis in Europeans, the genetic mutation related to premolar agenesis in the Chinese population remains unclear.Materials and methodsWe present a GWAS in 218 premolar agenesis cases and 1,222 controls using the Illumina Infinium® Global Screening Array. 5,585,618 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for tests of associations with premolar agenesis.ResultsFour independent SNPs on chromosome 2 were identified as susceptibility loci, including rs147680216, rs79743039, rs60540881, and rs6738629. The genome‐wide significant SNP rs147680216 (p = 6.09 × 10−9) was predicted to change the structure of the WNT10A protein and interact with hedgehog signaling pathway components. Meta‐analysis showed that the rs147680216 A allele significantly increased the risk of tooth agenesis (p = 0.000). The other three SNPs with nominal significance are novel susceptibility loci. Of them, rs6738629 (p = 5.40 × 10−6) acts as a potential transcriptional regulator of GCC2, a gene playing a putative role in dental and craniofacial development.ConclusionOur GWAS indicates that rs147680216 and additional three novel susceptibility loci on chromosome 2 are associated with the risk of premolar agenesis in the Chinese population.
Electrogram analysis to detect cathodal and anodal capture in left ventricular cardiac resynchronization pacing leads
Authors: Pfeffer Cameron , Fryer Michael , Quah Jing Xian , Dayananda Naresh , Tung Matthew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsOur study analyzed cardiac electrograms (EGMs) to identify characteristics for detecting cathodal, anodal, or cathodal‐anodal (simultaneous) capture in left ventricular (LV) quadripolar pacing leads of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients. The relationship between these EGM characteristics and the electrocardiogram (ECG) was also examined.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 54 bipolar pacing configurations across nine patients with implanted CRT devices and quadripolar leads who had undergone a 12 lead ECG optimization. Three pacing tests (cathode unipolar, anode unipolar, and bipolar) per bipolar pair were performed, examining ECG and EGM morphology changes accompanying each test and any transitions of morphology or amplitude during voltage stepdown.ResultsDuring the cathode and anode unipolar pacing tests, the EGM was biphasic (negative/positive) or monophasic (positive) in 52/53 (98%), and biphasic (positive/negative) or monophasic (negative) in 50/51 (98%), respectively. During bipolar LV capture threshold testing, 30 bipolar pairs displayed a sudden increase in EGM amplitude (median 9.4 mV, interquartile range [7–14 mV]) when transitioning from cathodal‐anodal capture to cathodal or anodal capture. Ninety percent of these EGM transitions had a corresponding simultaneous change in ECG, while 10% had no ECG changes. Two patients demonstrated “quad‐site” capture on their quadripolar lead with multipoint pacing enabled and cathodal‐anodal capture from each stimulus.ConclusionEGM characteristics during LV pacing tests can reliably detect cathodal, anodal, or cathodal‐anodal capture, with greater sensitivity than 12 lead ECG changes. Integration of EGM analysis into routine CRT device follow up can be performed easily and may have implications for CRT efficacy.
Automated Discovery Systems, part 2: New developments, current issues, and philosophical lessons in machine learning and data science
Authors: Giza Piotr 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAutomated scientific discovery is a discipline which lies at the boarder of artificial intelligence, natural sciences and philosophy of science, and deals with the application of artificial intelligence methods to scientific discovery. Historically, its origins go back to the 1960s and there have been at least three major research programs in the field, each of them having different objectives, concerns, and methodology: machine learning systems in the Turing tradition, normative theory of scientific discovery formulated by Herbert Simon's group, and the programs called HHNT, proposed by J. Holland, K. Holyoak, R. Nisbett, and P. Thagard. In the paper I briefly describe new developments in the field, recent issues in machine learning and data science applications to scientific discovery, and explore lessons for the philosophy of science that can be drawn.
The introduction of electronic consent for the school aged immunization program
Authors: Footer Rebecca , Foster Owen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistorically, consent for treatment in the United Kingdom's National Health Service has been collected using traditional paper forms. For public health services, such as immunizations, this process involved significant time, space, paper, and staff resources. In a bid to provide a more modern, secure, cost‐effective and paperless service, an electronic consent (eConsent) form for the routine school aged immunization program was designed and successfully piloted for the HPV 1 vaccine in 25 schools during the summer of 2019, with an average of 80% return rate. This was not only significantly higher than paper consent returns, there was also a significantly quicker return rate. These factors resulted in the clinical record being updated more quickly than ever before which reduced clinical risk. Following the pilot, the program was launched countywide for all school aged immunizations in September 2020. Since its launch some minor issues have been identified but resolved quickly and efficiently. Although still in its early days it is felt that the eConsent system has promoted a more informed and easier collaboration across sectors and has reduced operating costs. Although the use of electronic consent needs to be used more widely, it is felt that this new practice is a success.
Preface: Nonlinear waves in honor of Harvey Segur on the occasion of his 80th birthday
Authors: Carter John D. , Deconinck Bernard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis special issue of Studies in Applied Mathematics is dedicated to Professor Harvey Segur on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Harvey is a world‐renowned applied mathematician who has had a great impact on the field of nonlinear waves as a researcher and on the next generation of applied mathematicians as an acclaimed teacher.
Continuous positive airway pressure for children in resource-limited settings, effect on mortality and adverse events: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sessions Kristen L , Smith Andrew G , Holmberg Peter J , Wahl Brian , Mvalo Tisungane , Chisti Mohammod J , Carroll Ryan W , McCollum Eric D 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveDetermine non-invasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) outcomes for paediatric respiratory distress in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingLMIC hospitals.PatientsOne month to 15 year olds with respiratory distress.InterventionsWe searched Medline, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science and Scopus on 7 April 2020. Included studies assessed CPAP safety, efficacy or effectiveness. All study types were included; neonatal only studies were excluded. Data were extracted by two reviewers and bias was assessed. Certainty of evidence was evaluated, and risk ratios (RR) were produced for meta-analyses. (PROSPERO protocol CRD42018084278).Results2174 papers were screened, 20 were included in the systematic review and 3 were included in two separate meta-analyses of mortality and adverse events. Studies suitable for meta-analysis were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from Bangladesh, Ghana and Malawi. For meta-analyses comparing death or adverse events between CPAP and low-flow oxygen recipients, we found no clear CPAP effect on mortality (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.72) or adverse events (RR 1.52, CI 0.71 to 3.26). We downgraded the certainty of evidence for both death and adverse events outcomes to ‘low’ due to design issues and results discrepancies across RCTs.ConclusionsEvidence for CPAP efficacy against mortality and adverse events has low certainty and is context dependent. Hospitals introducing CPAP need to have mechanisms in place to optimise safety in the context it is being used; this includes the location (a high dependency or intensive care area), adequate numbers of staff trained in CPAP use, close monitoring and mechanisms for escalation, daily direct physician supervision, equipment that is age appropriate and user-friendly and continuous monitoring of outcomes and quality of care.