bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient decentralized access control for secure data sharing in cloud computing
Authors: Liu Tonglai , Wu Jigang , Li Jiaxing , Li Jingyi , Li Yidong 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAccess control is an important technique in information security that allows legitimate users to gain access to and prevent unauthorized users from getting access to resources in a system. The restriction between access from a user and a shared file of the data owner can be determined by the access policy. In most existing access control models, it is assumed that all entities, including users, the third party, and cloud service provider (CSP), are in the same trust domain. However, in cloud computing environments, it is usually assumed that the CSP cannot be fully trusted, and the data owner (DO) is desired to have the absolute initiative to control data access. This article proposes a blockchain‐based access control scheme for cloud computing, in which the DO maintains an access matrix to describe the access policy. Then, the public keys of all nodes and the access matrix are stored in the blockchain, to ensure the security of the proposed scheme. The DOs can encrypt the large shared files once using a symmetric key in a long time. And they also can encrypt the symmetric key in parallel using the public key of authorized users in a short time. Security analysis proves that the proposed scheme is able to prevent outsourced files from unauthorized access and collusion attack. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing baselines in terms of overheads on computation and storage. On average, the computation overhead of the proposed scheme is lower than that of the scheme SVPAC, PpBAC, and Timely CP‐ABE by 25.37%, 45.46%, and 36.44%, respectively. The communication overhead of the proposed scheme is lower than that of the scheme Timely CP‐ABE by 17.16%, and it is more secure, although it is higher than that of the scheme SVPAC and PpBAC by 5.88% and 39.05%. And the storage overhead of the proposed scheme is lower than that of the scheme SVPAC, PpBAC, and Timely CP‐ABE by 59.36%, 20.25%, and 61.88%, respectively.
Embryonic development of the camouflaging dwarf cuttlefish, Sepia bandensis
Authors: Montague Tessa G. , Rieth Isabelle J. , Axel Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe dwarf cuttlefish Sepia bandensis, a camouflaging cephalopod from the Indo‐Pacific, is a promising new model organism for neuroscience, developmental biology, and evolutionary studies. Cuttlefish dynamically camouflage to their surroundings by altering the color, pattern, and texture of their skin. The skin's “pixels” (chromatophores) are controlled by motor neurons projecting from the brain. Thus, camouflage is a visible representation of neural activity. In addition to camouflage, the dwarf cuttlefish uses dynamic skin patterns for social communication. Despite more than 500 million years of evolutionary separation, cuttlefish and vertebrates converged to form limbs, camera‐type eyes and a closed circulatory system. Moreover, cuttlefish have a striking ability to regenerate their limbs. Interrogation of these unique biological features will benefit from the development of a new set of tools. Dwarf cuttlefish reach sexual maturity in 4 months, they lay dozens of eggs over their 9‐month lifespan, and the embryos develop to hatching in 1 month.ResultsHere, we describe methods to culture dwarf cuttlefish embryos in vitro and define 25 stages of cuttlefish development.ConclusionThis staging series serves as a foundation for future technologies that can be used to address a myriad of developmental, neurobiological, and evolutionary questions.
Plant community responses to grassland restoration efforts across a large‐scale precipitation gradient
Authors: Watson D. Fraser , Houseman Gregory R. , Jameson Mary Liz , Jensen William E. , Reichenborn Molly M. , Morphew Alex R. , Kjaer Esben L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIdentifying how plant species diversity varies across environmental gradients remains a controversial topic in plant community ecology because of complex interactions among putative factors. This is especially true for grasslands where habitat loss has limited opportunities for systematic study across broad spatial scales. Here we overcome these limitations by examining restored plant community responses to a large‐scale precipitation gradient under two common Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) restoration approaches. The two restoration strategies examined were CP2, which seeds a relatively low number of species, and CP25, which seeds a higher number of species. We sampled plant communities on 55 CRP fields distributed along a broad precipitation gradient (410–1,170 mm mean annual precipitation) spanning 650 km within the grassland biome of North America. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the most important predicator of plant species richness and had a positive, linear response across the gradient. To a lesser degree, restoration practices also played a role in determining community diversity. The linear increase in species richness across the precipitation gradient reflects the species pool increase from short to tallgrass prairie communities and explained most of the richness variation. These findings provide insight into the diversity constraints and fundamental drivers of change across a large‐scale gradient representing a wide variety of grassland habitats. Across a broad environmental gradient, initial planting differences between restoration practices had lower effects on plant diversity than expected. This suggests that new strategies are needed to effectively establish diverse plant communities on large‐scale restorations such as these.
Measurement of the amplitude and phase of the electrophoretic and electroosmotic mobility based on fast single‐particle tracking
Authors: Amer Cid Íngrid , Ussembayev Yera Ye , Neyts Kristiaan , Strubbe Filip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe electrophoretic mobility of micron‐scale particles is of crucial importance in applications related to pharmacy, electronic ink displays, printing, and food technology as well as in fundamental studies in these fields. Particle mobility measurements are often limited in accuracy because they are based on ensemble averages and because a correction for electroosmosis needs to be made based on a model. Single‐particle approaches are better suited for examining polydisperse samples, but existing implementations either require multiple measurements to take the effect of electroosmosis into account or are limited in accuracy by short measurement times. In this work, accurate characterization of monodisperse and polydisperse samples is achieved by measuring the electrophoretic mobility on a particle‐to‐particle basis while suppressing electroosmosis. Electroosmosis can be suppressed by measuring in the middle of a microchannel while applying an AC voltage with a sufficiently high frequency. An accurate measurement of the electrophoretic mobility is obtained by analyzing the oscillating particle motion for per particle with a high‐speed camera measuring at , synchronized to the applied electric field. Attention is paid to take into account the effect of the rolling shutter and the non‐uniform sampling in order to obtain the accurate amplitude and phase of the electrophoretic mobility. The accuracy of method is experimentally verified and compared with a commercial apparatus for polystyrene microspheres in water. The method is further demonstrated on a range of particle materials and particle sizes and for a mixture of positively and negatively charged particles.
In situ and operando force‐based atomic force microscopy for probing local functionality in energy storage materials
Authors: Gao Qiang , Tsai Wan‐Yu , Balke Nina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage is the key enabling component of electric vehicles and solar‐/wind‐based energy technologies. The enhancement of energy stored requires the detailed understanding of charge storage mechanisms and local electrochemical and electromechanical phenomena over a variety of length scales from atoms to full cells. Classical electrochemical techniques, such as voltammetry, represent the macroscopic electrochemical properties, and consequently do not allow to extract important information about local electrochemical reactions, ions adsorption, intercalations, and transport. Understanding, controlling, and tuning the local electrochemical functionalities in functional energy materials require in situ/operando techniques which limit the use of structural and functional characterization techniques that provide local information. Here, force‐based atomic force microscopies (AFMs) have provided novel insights into locally probing electrochemical mechanisms on tens of nanometer and even molecular length scales and provide a viable pathway to probe electrochemical processes in situ/operando. In this review, we highlight the contributions in the development and application of force‐based AFM methods to elucidate the local charge storage mechanism in a variety of energy‐related materials. We will focus in particular on methods or AFM modalities in a liquid electrolyte environment.
Highly stable Ni/ZnO‐Al2O3 adsorbent promoted by TiO2 for reactive adsorption desulfurization
Authors: Liu Bowen , Bai Peng , Wang Yang , Dong Zhun , Wu Pingping , Mintova Svetlana , Yan Zifeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reactive adsorption desulfurization is an important and efficient technology for the ultra‐deep desulfurization of gasoline. The performance of an adsorbent is vital for the efficiency of the reactive adsorption desulfurization process. The formation of inert spinels is commonly recognized for the deactivation of adsorbents. In this work, TiO2 was incorporated in the Ni/ZnO‐Al2O3 adsorbent to inhibit the formation of the spinel phase. The TiO2 formed a stable protection layer on the surface of Al2O3, which prevented the interaction between Al2O3 and ZnO, inhibiting the formation of the ZnAl2O4 spinel phase. The introduction of TiO2 significantly improved the stability of the adsorbents during cyclic hydrothermal treatments, while the sulfur capacity slightly dropped. Characterization results revealed that TiO2 was homogeneously dispersed on the surface of Al2O3 support and the incorporation of TiO2 could maintain a certain amount of Lewis acid sites in the adsorbents, which are favorable for the adsorption of organo‐sulfur compounds.image
Deciphering seismic and normal‐force fluctuation signatures of debris flows: An experimental assessment of effects of flow composition and dynamics
Authors: de Haas Tjalling , Åberg Amanda S. , Walter Fabian , Zhang Zhen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDebris flows are gravity‐driven mass movements that are common natural hazards in mountain regions worldwide. Previous work has shown that measurements of ground vibrations are capable of detecting the timing, speed, and location of debris flows. A remaining question is to what extent additional flow properties, such as grain‐size distribution and flow depth can be inferred reliably from seismic data. Here, we experimentally explore the relation of seismic vibrations and normal‐force fluctuations with debris‐flow composition and dynamics. We use a 5.4 m long and 0.3 m wide channel inclined at 20°, equipped with a geophone plate and force plate. We show that seismic vibrations and normal‐force fluctuations induced by debris flows are strongly correlated, and that both are affected by debris‐flow composition. We find that the effects of the large‐particle distribution on seismic vibrations and normal‐force fluctuations are substantially more pronounced than the effects of water fraction, clay fraction, and flow volume, especially when normalized by flow depth. We further show that for flows with similar coarse‐particle distributions seismic vibrations and normal‐force fluctuations can be reasonably well related to flow depth, even if total flow volume, water fraction, and the size distribution of fines varies. Our experimental results shed light on how changes in large‐particle, clay, and water fractions affect the seismic and force‐fluctuation signatures of debris flows, and provide important guidelines for their interpretation.
Analysis of the suspected cancer‐causing potassium bromate additive in bread samples available on the market in and around Dhaka City in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Syed Sadman , Moni Mukta , Imran Abu Bin , Foyez Tahmina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBread is one of the most popular foods consumed worldwide. It is a very popular foodstuff consumed in almost every house in Bangladesh as breakfast. Bread is prepared predominantly from flour to meet the daily carbohydrate demand and enhances its overall nutrition value using various ingredients. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an alluring additive to improve bread quality by bread makers. But due to the well‐known toxic and carcinogenic effect, certain levels of KBrO3 residue are not suitable for bread, and it is therefore forbidden in many countries. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the safety status of bread in Dhaka City and its proximity to Bangladesh. Twenty‐one randomly collected bread samples were tested in this study from different bakeries or shops in and around Dhaka City. The levels of KBrO3 were analyzed spectrophotometrically, and the maximum concentration found in the bread sample was 9.29 μg/g. A total of 67% of collected bread samples showed elevated levels of KBrO3 relative to the allowable amount prescribed by various Food and Drug Administration worldwide. KBrO3 is toxic to consumers and could endanger their health over continuous regular consumption and thus need to be monitored strictly.
RNAi‐mediated suppression of vimentin or glial fibrillary acidic protein prevents the establishment of Müller glial cell hypertrophy in progressive retinal degeneration
Authors: Hippert Claire , Graca Anna B. , Basche Mark , Kalargyrou Aikaterini A. , Georgiadis Anastasios , Ribeiro Joana , Matsuyama Ayako , Aghaizu Nozie , Bainbridge James W. , Smith Alexander J. , Ali Robin R. , Pearson Rachael A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGliosis is a complex process comprising upregulation of intermediate filament (IF) proteins, particularly glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin, changes in glial cell morphology (hypertrophy) and increased deposition of inhibitory extracellular matrix molecules. Gliosis is common to numerous pathologies and can have deleterious effects on tissue function and regeneration. The role of IFs in gliosis is controversial, but a key hypothesized function is the stabilization of glial cell hypertrophy. Here, we developed RNAi approaches to examine the role of GFAP and vimentin in vivo in a murine model of inherited retinal degeneration, the Rhodopsin knockout (Rho−/−) mouse. Specifically, we sought to examine the role of these IFs in the establishment of Müller glial hypertrophy during progressive degeneration, as opposed to (more commonly assessed) acute injury. Prevention of Gfap upregulation had a significant effect on the morphology of reactive Müller glia cells in vivo and, more strikingly, the reduction of Vimentin expression almost completely prevented these cells from undergoing degeneration‐associated hypertrophy. Moreover, and in contrast to studies in knockout mice, simultaneous suppression of both GFAP and vimentin expression led to severe changes in the cytoarchitecture of the retina, in both diseased and wild‐type eyes. These data demonstrate a crucial role for Vimentin, as well as GFAP, in the establishment of glial hypertrophy and support the further exploration of RNAi‐mediated knockdown of vimentin as a potential therapeutic approach for modulating scar formation in the degenerating retina.
Classification of patient‐ and clinician‐generated secure messages using a theory‐based taxonomy
Authors: Heisey‐Grove Dawn , Rathert Cheryl , McClelland Laura E , Jackson Kevin , DeShazo Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs secure electronic message exchange increases between patients and clinicians, we must explore and understand how patients and clinicians use those messages to communicate between clinical visits.ObjectiveTo present the application of a taxonomy developed specifically to code secure message content in a way that allows for identification of patient and clinician communication functions demonstrated to be associated with patients' intermediate and health outcomes.MethodWe randomly sampled 1031 patients who sent and received 18 309 messages and coded those messages with codes from our taxonomy. We present the prevalence of each taxon (ie, code) within the sample.ResultsThe most common taxon among initial patient‐generated messages were Information seeking (29.09%), followed by Scheduling requests (27.91%), and Prescription requests (23.09%). Over half of subsequent patient‐generated messages included responses to clinic staffs' questions (58.31%). Six in 10 clinic staff responses included some form of Information sharing with process‐based responses being most common (32.81%). A third of all clinician‐generated messages (36.28%) included acknowledgement or some level of fulfilment of a patient's task‐oriented request. Clinic staff sought information from patients in 20.54% of their messages.ConclusionThis taxonomy is the first step toward examining whether secure messaging communication can be associated with patients' health outcomes. Knowing which content is positively associated with outcomes can support training of, and targeted responses from, clinicians with the goal of generating message content designed to improve outcomes.Patient ContributionThis study is based on analyses of patient‐initiated secure message threads.
Study of mixed convection flow of power‐law fluids in a skewed lid‐driven cavity
Authors: Thohura Sharaban , Molla Md. Mamun , Sarker M. M. Alam , Paul Manosh C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study conducts a numerical simulation of mixed (combined) convective non‐Newtonian fluid flow inside a two‐dimensional cavity (skewed) having a moving lid. The upper and bottom extremities of the cavity with different temperatures and two insulated side walls cause natural convection. Moreover, the forced convection is maintained by the motion of the lid with constant velocity. The governing equations are nondimensionalized with appropriate transformations and then transformed into curvilinear coordinates. A finite volume numerical procedure with a collocated grid arrangement is used to solve these equations. Comparisons with previously reported results are carried out, which shows an excellent agreement. Non‐Newtonian behaviors such as pseudo‐plastic (shear‐thinning) and dilatant (shear‐thickening) are considered using the power‐law model, and thus the power‐law index is chosen accordingly. A wide range of the governing dimensionless parameters which affect the mixed convection flow inside the skewed cavity, including Grashof number (), Richardson number (), Reynolds number ( = 100 and 400), and power‐law index (). The Prandtl number ( = 10) is fixed and the skew angles (, and ) are considered for acute, right‐angle, and obtuse angles. The obtained numerical outcomes of the study are shown graphically and also in tabular form for vertical and horizontal velocities, streamlines, isotherms, temperature distributions, and the rate of heat transfer and insight physics of the flow features, are discussed thereafter. It can be concluded that the rate of heat transfer in the present case is sensitive to the skew‐angle as well as power‐law index, and the maximum heat transfer occurs in the case of dilatant (shear‐thickening) fluid.
Calcium phosphate‐based composite cement: Impact of starch type and starch pregelatinization on its physicochemical properties and performance in the vertebral fracture surgical models in vitro
Authors: Tian Yixing , Liu Huiling , He Linwei , Zhang Rui , Lu Qifeng , Liu Chun , Dang Ningqi , Hu Hui , Ma Xuan , Chen Dandan , Sun Haolin , Zhou Huan , Yang Lei , Bai Yanjie , Yang Huilin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) modified with native and pregelatinized normal corn and waxy maize starches was studied. Effects of starch pregelatinization and starch type on the physicochemical properties of CPC were investigated. CPC modified with pregelatinized normal corn starch (CPB‐PNC) or pregelatinized waxy maize starch (CPB‐PW) was evaluated by two vertebral fracture surgical models in vitro. Both granular and pregelatinized starches significantly improved the setting times and injectability of CPC, but only the pregelatinized starches improved the anti‐collapsibility and compressive strength of CPC significantly. CPB‐PW, whose micro‐structure was compact and uniform, showed the best physicochemical properties. Addition of starch did not inhibit the hydro‐reaction of CPC. Unmodified CPC had very poor dispersibility and could not apply in the tests of the surgical models. Pregelatinized starch especially waxy maize starch improved the dispersibility of CPC and showed good dispersion area, volume, improved pull‐out force and maximum torque in the Sawbones sponge model. Similarly, in the minimally invasive kyphoplasty model, CPB‐PNC and CPB‐PW could disperse in the osteoporotic sheep vertebrae and improve the compressive strength of the sheep vertebral body. In conclusion, starch pregelatinization and starch botanical source affect the physicochemical properties of CPC significantly. Bone cements modified by different starches also performed differently in surgical models for osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Pregelatinized waxy maize starch may be a better candidate for CPC modification comparing to the pregelatinized normal corn starch.
Synthesis of BiPO4/SnO2 heterojunction for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB under visible light emitting diode irradiation
Authors: Zhao Hong‐jian , Wu Ren‐Jang , Yu Zhe , Han Xin‐ning , Zhao Wen‐Xia , Ma Fu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, BiPO4 was synthesized in ethylene glycol and water as solvents under room temperature. To the BiPO4 suspension, Na2SnO3∙3H2O and hydrochloric acid were added in order to prepare a BiPO4/SnO2 heterojunction composite photocatalyst. Analyses by X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that there is a strong chemical bond between BiPO4 and SnO2 as the SnO2 species gets attached to the BiPO4 sheet. Also, the band gap was narrowed, which greatly improved the visible light absorption of the BiPO4/SnO2 composite. The 1:2BiPO4/SnO2 composite showed excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The degradation rate of Rhodamine B was found to be 92.38% in 50 min, and the corresponding reaction rate was estimated to be 80 times greater than that of BiPO4.