bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
With a Little Help from “Nuestros Amigos”: Hispanics and Kidney Transplants
Authors: Hennessy Julie 
Published: March 2021

Dr. Juan Caicedo was educated in general medicine and surgery at Universidad Nacional de Colombia and practiced transplant medicine in Bogota. He determined that he would need to go to the United States to advance his training, and ultimately was awarded a fellowship in transplant surgery at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
During his three years as a fellow, Caicedo was struck by the number of Hispanic patients on the kidney transplant waiting list. Not only were Hispanics the highest growth group on the transplant waiting list, they also waited longer for transplants and died while waiting at higher rates than non-Hispanic whites or African-Americans. Caicedo also was alarmed by Hispanic patients' lower utilization of living donors for transplantation they were underrepresented not only as live donor transplant patients, but also as donors.
As he neared the end of his fellowship in 2006, Caicedo wondered if the Hispanic population encountered unique barriers to transplantation and living donor usage, and began to think about creating a program to address these barriers.
Scott Family Enterprises: Building the Path to Effective Governance
Authors: Ward John L. 
Published: March 2021

As founders of First Interstate BancSystem, which held $8.6 billion in assets and had recently become a public company, and Padlock Ranch, which had over 11,000 head of cattle, the Scott family had to think carefully about business and family governance. Now entering its fifth generation, the family had over 80 shareholders across the US. In early 2016, the nine-member Scott Family Council (FC) and other family and business leaders considered the effectiveness of the Family Governance Leadership Development Initiative launched two years earlier. The initiative's aim was to ensure a pipeline of capable family leaders for the business boards, two foundation boards, and FC.
Seven family members had self-nominated for governance roles in mid-2015. As part of the development initiative, each was undergoing a leadership development process that included rigorous assessment and creation of a comprehensive development plan. As the nominees made their way through the process and other family members considered nominating themselves for future development, questions remained around several interrelated areas, including how to foster family engagement with governance roles while guarding against damaging competition among members; how to manage possible conflicts of interest around dual employee and governance roles; and how to extend the development process to governance for the foundations and FC. The FC considered how best to answer these and other questions, and whether the answers indicated the need to modify the fledgling initiative.
This case illustrates the challenges multigenerational family-owned enterprises face in developing governance leaders within the family. It serves as a good example of governance for a large group of cousins within a multienterprise portfolio. Students can learn and apply insights from this valuable illustration of family values, vision, and mission statement.
Plymouth Tube Company: How to Build Ownership Consensus
Authors: Ward John L. 
Published: March 2021

Plymouth Tube, a family business, was a manufacturer of precision tubing and extruded shapes for aerospace, desalination, medical, mining, energy, and water industries globally. Founded in 1924, as of 2012 it employed 770 people at thirteen plants in seven U.S. states and had sales of about $240 million. The family had twenty members across three generations, including spouses. The board was composed of eight members, three from the family and five who were independent. Stacy, age 30, was the only fifth-generation family member working for the company. Her father, Van, age 64 and a fourth-generation member, had been in the business for forty years and had succeeded his father as president, CEO, and chairman.
In early 2013, management presented a very large expansion project that was riskier than previous recent investments to the board, and requested the board's approval. Independent board members asked Van to obtain feedback from the family about the proposal. Van asked Stacy to direct the process for informing the family, asking for their input, and communicating it back to the board.
How should Stacy conduct the process? What should be done with the information once it has been gathered? Should family members be involved in this type of business decision? Based on the information given in the case, is this a good investment?
How to Motivate the Fifth Generation?
Authors: Ward John L. 
Published: March 2021

In mid-2013, the Lee family, which owned the Hong Kong based food and health product giant Lee Kum Kee (LKK), struggled with how best to increase involvement of the fifth generation (G5), the children of the company's current fourth-generation (G4) senior executives and governance leaders. Only two of the fourteen G5 members had joined the company, and few had expressed interest in further involvement, including in the multiple learning and development programs the business offered, such as a mentoring program. Many of the G5 cousins had expressed little interest in business careers in general, and none of them currently was serving as an LKK intern. G4 members observed that their children were busy with family obligations, hobbies, and emerging careers outside the business. G5's lack of interest in business and governance roles was part of a growing pattern of low family engagement in general, exhibited by the cancellation of recent family retreats (once an annual tradition) because of apathy and some underlying conflict. A history of splits among past generations of the Lee family regarding business leadership made the engagement issue even more meaningful and critical.
Students will consider the challenge from the point of view of G4 family members David Lee, chairman of the family's Family Office, and his sister, Elizabeth Mok, who ran the Family Learning and Development Center. They and their three siblings saw engaging the next generation as a top priority, one related to key concepts including family-business continuity, generational engagement and empowerment, succession, emotional ownership, and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation.
Survey to detect tick‐borne encephalitis virus from human‐feeding ticks in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Sasaki Kenta , Honma Masaru , Nakao Minoru , Sasaki Mizuki , Hashimoto Yoshio , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi , Yoshii Kentaro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA tick infestation is one of the most common arthropod‐related skin diseases in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. Ticks also act as an infectious disease vector for humans. Tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE), a highly mortal central nervous system infection caused by TBE virus (TBEV), has sporadically occurred there recently. However, there have been no epidemiological data on the current surveillance of human tick bites and the prevalence of TBEV in human‐feeding ticks. This study was performed to clarify those indeterminate issues. One hundred and fifty‐three ixodid ticks feeding on humans were collected from 150 outpatients in Hokkaido during the season of April to August 2018. None of the cases showed any infectious symptoms. These ticks were morphologically identified to species, and a cytopathic assay on baby hamster kidney cells was carried out to detect TBEV from each tick. The tick collection consisted of 108Ixodes persulcatus(one nymph and 107 adult females), 44 femaleIxodes ovatus, and one femaleHaemaphysalis japonica. No tick extracts showed positive results of the cytopathic assay, suggesting the non‐existence of TBEV in the present specimens. However, the survey to detect TBEV from human‐feeding ticks is still important to monitor the occurrence of TBE, because human tick bites byI. ovatus, a possible vector of TBEV, are increasing even in the northern and eastern areas of Hokkaido.
Comparative drought sensitivity of co‐occurring white spruce and paper birch in interior Alaska
Authors: Sullivan Patrick F. , Brownlee Annalis H. , Ellison Sarah B. Z. , Cahoon Sean M. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Numerous recent studies have argued that moisture limitation is leading to growth declines and mortality of black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca) in the North American boreal forest. A parallel line of research suggests that increasingly common severe wildfires are altering successional pathways and leading to long‐term replacement of spruce forests with those dominated by paper birch (Betula papyrifera, Betula neoalaskana) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). When both conifers and deciduous trees establish after fire, this biome shift hypothesis implicitly assumes that deciduous species will outcompete the conifers, owing to their more rapid vertical growth and because they might be less sensitive to warm and dry conditions.

We established a research site in a white spruce‐paper birch forest on an east‐facing slope in interior Alaska and tested the hypothesis that Alaska paper birch are better adapted to warm and dry conditions than white spruce. Over 6 years (2013–2018), we made hourly measurements of microclimate and xylem sap flux of both species. We also collected increment cores and conducted climate‐growth analyses for both species.

During our 6‐year study, growing seasons with low volumetric soil water content (SWC) were those that followed shallow winter snowpacks and had limited summer rainfall, not necessarily those with warm air temperature. Both species were sensitive to moisture limitation. The tree‐ring data revealed significant positive effects of cumulative water year precipitation on radial growth, with a steeper slope for paper birch than for white spruce. Radial growth of both species was also positively related to mean water year air temperature. Sap flux density declined progressively for white spruce over the range of observed SWC and abruptly for paper birch when SWC fell below ~15%.

Synthesis. Our results show that, while paper birch might be less sensitive to mild drought than white spruce, it may be more sensitive to severe drought, raising questions about the ability of paper birch to outcompete co‐occurring white spruce in a drier climate.
The evolutionary trade‐offs in phage‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae entail cross‐phage sensitization and loss of multidrug resistance
Authors: Majkowska‐Skrobek Grazyna , Markwitz Pawel , Sosnowska Ewelina , Lood Cédric , Lavigne Rob , Drulis‐Kawa Zuzanna 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBacteriophage therapy is currently being evaluated as a critical complement to traditional antibiotic treatment. However, the emergence of phage resistance is perceived as a major hurdle to the sustainable implementation of this antimicrobial strategy. By combining comprehensive genomics and microbiological assessment, we show that the receptor‐modification resistance to capsule‐targeting phages involves either escape mutation(s) in the capsule biosynthesis cluster or qualitative changes in exopolysaccharides, converting clones to mucoid variants. These variants introduce cross‐resistance to phages specific to the same receptor yet sensitize to phages utilizing alternative ones. The loss/modification of capsule, the main Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence factor, did not dramatically impact population fitness, nor the ability to protect bacteria against the innate immune response. Nevertheless, the introduction of phage drives bacteria to expel multidrug resistance clusters, as observed by the large deletion in K. pneumoniae 77 plasmid containing blaCTX‐M, ant(3″), sul2, folA, mph(E)/mph(G) genes. The emerging bacterial resistance to viral infection steers evolution towards desired population attributes and highlights the synergistic potential for combined antibiotic‐phage therapy against K. pneumoniae.
Gender Matters: A Multilevel Analysis of Gender and Voice at Work
Authors: Cooper Rae , Mosseri Sarah , Vromen Ariadne , Baird Marian , Hill Elizabeth , Probyn Elspeth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe role of gender in shaping a range of work experiences and outcomes is well documented, yet there remains limited knowledge of the gendered dimensions of voice. In addressing the understudied topic of gender and voice, we propose a multilevel framework for analysing the relationship, which goes beyond thinking of gender only in terms of individual‐level gender identities. We conceptualize gender at three levels – as embedded in individual identities, in organizational policies and practices and in labour market segmentations – and show that gender, at each level, is associated with variations in worker voice opportunities and practices. We test our model using data from a mixed‐methods Australian study that consisted of a national survey with young working women and men and a series of targeted focus groups with young working women. We find no individual‐level differences in women's and men's reported voice, measured as managerial consultation and as perceived influence over workplace matters. However, we do find a diminished voice among both women and men employed within specific gendered work environments, namely in organizations where workers perceive high levels of gender inequality and in women‐dominated industries. Qualitative findings provide additional detail on how women's voice materializes and is constrained within gendered work settings.
The effects of feed and energy costs on broiler farm decisions: A dynamic programming approach
Authors: Padilla Samantha L. , Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Myers Robert J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe explore the decision‐making process of commercial poultry enterprises facing rising input costs in Nigeria. Using a cross‐sectional dataset and a 1‐year weekly panel of farm inputs and prices, we employ a discrete time, discrete control and state space dynamic programming (DP) model, disaggregated by farm size, to determine optimal decisions. In the presence of high feed costs and increased energy use, the optimal strategy for medium‐sized farms is to sell and exit the industry. However, it remains profitable for large firms to stay in the sector. The findings indicate that broiler farms need larger batch sizes to withstand input price increases and rising energy costs. While Nigeria has seen a rapid growth of commercial livestock enterprises, the sensitivity of the poultry industry to changes in feed prices is a major threat to the sector and highlights the importance of acquiring higher batch sizes and employing other risk management tools, such as contracts to forward price input.
The relationship between coping strategies and psychological distress in Chinese older adults with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Inder Kerry , Chan Sally Wai‐chi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between socio‐demographic and clinical variables, physical function, coping strategies and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Chinese older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs).MethodsA secondary analysis of data from a prior cross‐sectional survey investigated coping and mental health among adults with multiple chronic conditions living in China. A convenience sample of 185 adults with MCCs was recruited from a university‐affiliated hospital between November 2017 and May 2018 in Northern Anhui, China.ResultsOf the 185 participants, 63% of participants had scores indicating symptoms of anxiety and 54% had scores indicating depression. Stepwise regression models explained 47% of the total variance for the levels of anxiety and 34% for the levels of depression. In the anxiety model, gender, body pain, physical functioning, positive adaptation, denial and disengagement coping, and spiritual coping showed significant associations. In the depression model, gender, physical functioning, positive adaptation and spiritual coping showed significant associations.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the need to screen for anxiety and depression among older adults with MCCs. Individualised interventions that address coping strategies should be encouraged to maintain psychological well‐being in this population.
H19 promotes aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, and immune escape of gastric cancer cells through the microRNA‐519d‐3p/lactate dehydrogenase A axis
Authors: Sun Linqing , Li Juntao , Yan Wenying , Yao Zhendong , Wang Ruoqin , Zhou Xiaojun , Wu Hongya , Zhang Guangbo , Shi Tongguo , Chen Weichang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been investigated in multiple human cancers including gastric cancer (GC). Our research aims to explore the role of H19 in aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, and immune escape of GC cells. The expression of H19 in GC samples was analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Gene Expression Omnibus data, and real‐time quantitative PCR analysis. Relative quantification of glucose consumption and lactate production from cell supernatant were applied to assess the aerobic glycolysis of GC cells. Subcellular fractionation, luciferase reporter, and western blot assays certified the binding between genes. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays were used to determine GC cell proliferation. Flow cytometry, ELISA, and real‐time quantitative PCR assays were applied to analyze the immunosuppressive effect of H19. H19 was highly expressed in samples of patients with GC, and associated with tumor growth in vivo. H19 knockdown suppressed glucose consumption, lactate production, and proliferation of GC cells by regulating the microRNA (miR)‐519d‐3p/lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) axis. Both miR‐519d‐3p depletion and LDHA overexpression could reverse the H19 knockdown‐induced decrease in aerobic glycolysis and proliferation. Moreover, conditioned medium from stable knockdown H19 GC cells modulated the activity of immune cells including γδT cells, Jurkat cells, and tumor‐associated macrophages in a miR‐519d‐3p/LDHA/lactate axis‐dependent manner. The H19/miR‐519d‐3p/LDHA axis mainly contributed to aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, and immune escape of GC cells.
MZT2A promotes NSCLC viability and invasion by increasing Akt phosphorylation via the MOZART2 domain
Authors: Wang Huanxi , Jiang Xizi , Cheng Yu , Ren Hongjiu , Hu Yujiao , Zhang Yao , Su Hongbo , Zou Zifang , Wang Qiongzi , Liu Zongang , Zhang Jiameng , Qiu Xueshan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMitotic spindle organizing protein 2A (MZT2A) is localized at the centrosome and regulates microtubule nucleation activity in cells. This study assessed the role of MZT2A in non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Differential MZT2A expression was bioinformatically assessed using TCGA database, the GEPIA database, and Kaplan‐Meier survival data to determine the association between MZT2A expression and NSCLC prognosis. Furthermore, NSCLC tissue specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MZT2A was overexpressed or knocked down in NSCLC cells using cDNA and siRNA, respectively. The cells were subjected to various assays and treated with the selective Akt inhibitor LY294002 or co‐transfected with galectin‐3‐binding protein (LGALS3BP) siRNA. MZT2A mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in NSCLC lesions and MTZ2A expression was associated with poor NSCLC prognosis. MZT2A protein was also highly expressed in NSCLC cells compared with the expression in normal bronchial cells. MZT2A expression promoted NSCLC cell viability and invasion, whereas MTZ2A siRNA had the opposite effect on NSCLC cells in vitro. At the protein level, MZT2A induced Akt phosphorylation, promoting NSCLC proliferation and invasion (but the selective Akt inhibitor blocked these effects) through upregulation of LGALS3BP via the MTZ2A MOZART2 domain, whereas LGALS3BP siRNA suppressed MTZ2A activity in NSCLC cells. The limited in vivo experiments confirmed the in vitro data. In conclusion, MZT2A exhibits oncogenic activity by activating LGALS3BP and Akt in NSCLC. Future studies will assess MTZ2A as a biomarker to predict NSCLC prognosis or as a target in the control of NSCLC progression.
Intraoperative botulinum toxin injection for superficial partial parotidectomy: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Lee Dong‐Joo , Lee Yu‐Mi , Park Hye‐Jin , Lee Jung Woo , Cha Wonjae 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesSialocele and salivary fistula are not serious but troublesome complications after parotidectomy. Various modalities have been introduced to prevent postoperative saliva‐related complications. However, clinical trials assessing the prophylactic use of botulinum toxin (BTX) for parotidectomy have not been conducted yet. Herein, we report a pilot study investigating the safety and efficacy of intraoperative BTX (iBTX) injection in partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP).ParticipantsPatients with benign parotid tumour were prospectively recruited for this clinical trial from 2017 to 2019. The study participants underwent PSP with iBTX injection. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information of all the consecutive patients who underwent PSP without iBTX from 2013 to 2019. These patients were divided into two groups: the iBTX group (n = 36) and the control group (n = 54).ResultsPermanent facial palsy was not observed in either group. Two patients (3.7%) had transient marginal palsy in the control group but none had it in the iBTX group. The incidence of sialocele was significantly lower in the iBTX group than in the control group (2.8% vs. 20.4%, P < .05). Although the incidence of salivary fistula was lower in the iBTX group than in the control group (0% vs. 7.4%), no significant difference was determined between the two groups (P = .147). Total drainage volume was significantly lower in the iBTX group than in the control group (55.0 mL vs. 116.6 mL, P < .001).ConclusionsiBTX injection may be safe and effective in reducing sialocele and postoperative drainage in PSP. It might be a useful option to prevent saliva‐related complications after PSP.
The Molecular Microscope (MMDXR) interpretation of thoracic and abdominal allograft biopsies: Putting things in perspective for the clinician
Authors: Randhawa Parmjeet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Molecular Microscope System (MMDXR) has significant potential to enhance biopsy interpretation. However, discussions of MMDx do not acknowledge the basic accuracy of histology readings, and the ability of pathology as a stand‐alone tool to guide patient management. MMDx overstates its ability to automatically correct for problems in biopsy readings. Assertions of accuracy approaching 99% are not supported by “real world” data. The high rate of discrepancies between MMDx® and standard biopsy readings can be attributed to the summation of many factors other than histology interpretation, including molecular noise, assay thresholding, limited sensitivity of microarray technology for low expression genes, errors in classifier development, narrow data interpretation, and lack of spatial context. It is not widely recognized that molecular signatures are not disease‐specific and are affected by the stage of disease as well as the extent of tissue injury. The effect of sampling error on MMDx performance is significantly under‐estimated, particularly in heart and lung biopsies. Therefore, MMDx reports should always be interpreted in the context of conventional biopsy readings. The clinical picture and conventional biopsy reading should be allowed to over‐ride the molecular interpretation when there is concern that confounding factors are at play.