bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of hybrid-Hyrax, Alt-RAMEC and miniscrew reinforced heavy Class III elastics in growing maxillary retrusive patients. A four-year follow-up pilot study
Authors: Papadopoulou Alexandra K. , Dalci Oyku , Petocz Peter , Darendeliler M. Ali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of hybrid-Hyrax, Alt-RAMEC and applied, miniscrew reinforced, heavy intermaxillary elastics on a modified lingual arch in growing skeletal Class III patients.

Methods
Fifteen subjects (seven male, eight female) were included, with an average age of 12.52 ± 0.94 years, of cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) stage CS2-CS4 and skeletal Class III malocclusions due to a retrognathic maxilla. Nine weeks of Alt-RAMEC were followed by eight to nine weeks of maxillary protraction with heavy 400 gm Class III elastics worn 24 h/day. Treatment was finalised with orthodontic fixed appliances. Cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were taken initially (T1), at the end of maxillary protraction (T2) and four years after active orthopaedic treatment (T3). Cephalometric measurements were performed on reconstructed lateral cephalograms and the differences between time intervals were calculated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
A positive overjet was achieved in all but one subject. From T1 to T2, A point advanced 3.12 ± 3.42 mm and from T2 to T3 advanced a further 2.21 ± 3.49 mm. Significant initial increases in SNA of 1.05° ± 1.10° (p = 0.004), ANB of 2.71° ± 1.01° (p = 0.00), Wits of 4.49 ± 2.21 mm (p = 0.00) and overjet of 4.90 ± 1.66 mm (p = 0.00) were accomplished and maintained without significant changes in the vertical dimension. Upper and lower incisor inclinations were not affected by the protraction protocol but significantly increased (U1-PP: 8.39° ± 5.59°) between T2 and T3. SNB decreased initially by 1.67° ± 1.34° (p = 0.00) but relapsed due to residual mandibular growth and a counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane.

Conclusion
The hybrid-Hyrax Alt-RAMEC combined with miniscrew reinforced heavy Class III elastics resulted in a favourable and stable Class III correction.
Severe open bite with mandibular asymmetry treated using micro-implant anchorage
Authors: Liao Jing , He Shushu , Hu Zhiai , Zou Shujuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a 20 year-old female who presented with a severe anterior open bite, increased lower facial height and mandibular asymmetry. The patient was diagnosed with a Class I skeletal pattern but a Class III dental relationship, an anterior and unilateral posterior open bite, a canted posterior occlusal plane, a clockwise rotation and vertical growth pattern of the mandible incorporating a chin deviation to the right.

Aim
The aim of treatment was to correct identified adverse oral habits, improve the facial profile and mandibular asymmetry, provide a satisfactory occlusion and restore TMJ health, which could not be guaranteed.

Methods
An occlusal splint was used in the first stage of treatment to intrude the posterior teeth, eliminate the occlusal disturbance and control the adverse oral habits. Two micro-implant anchorage devices were placed on the buccal and lingual sides of the left buccal segment to further intrude the left posterior teeth. MEAW technology was used after aligning and levelling the teeth.

Results
Satisfactory overbite, overjet and molar relationships were obtained and the facial profile greatly improved after orthodontic treatment, the outcome of which was stable at 24 months’ review.
Effect of bromelain and papain gel on enamel deproteinisation before orthodontic bracket bonding
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Campos Matheus Souza , da Silva Coqueiro Raildo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
To test the hypothesis that enamel surface deproteinisation with different concentrations of bromelain in association with 10% papain increases the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded with orthodontic composite and resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC).

Materials and methods
Orthodontic brackets were attached according to the following protocols to 195 bovine incisors, which were acquired and divided into 13 groups: 1) Transbond XT (TXT) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations; 2) Deproteinisation with 3% bromelain (BD) plus 10% papain and TXT; 3) 6% BD plus 10% Papain and TXT; 4) RMGIC, without enamel deproteinisation and without acid etching; 5) RMGIC, with 3% BD plus 10% papain and without acid etching; 6) RMGIC, with 6% BD plus 10% papain and without acid etching; 7) attachment using RMGIC following etching with polyacrylic acid; 8) 3% BD plus 10% papain, attachment using RMGIC and etching with polyacrylic acid; 9) 6% BD plus 10% papain, and attachment using RMGIC following etching with polyacrylic acid; 10) etching with 37% phosphoric acid and attachment using RMGIC; 11) 3% BD plus 10% papain, etching with 37% phosphoric acid and attachment using RMGIC; 12) 6% BD plus 10% papain, etching with 37% phosphoric acid and attachment using RMGIC; 13) deproteinisation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), etching with polyacrylic acid and RMGIC. After bonding, the brackets were removed by a universal mechanical testing machine, which recorded shear bond strength at failure. The material remaining on the tooth was assessed using the adhesive remnant index (ARI).

Results
Deproteinisation with 3% and 6% bromelain gel plus papain significantly increased the shear bond strength (p < 0.05), when acid etching was performed with phosphoric acid, followed by primer application and attachment using Transbond XT (Group 3) and when attached with RMGIC without etching. Deproteinisation with 6% bromelain gel plus papain significantly increased (p < 0.05) the ARI score only when attachment was performed using RMGIC, without etching (Group 6).

Conclusions
Deproteinisation with bromelain associated with papain in a gel increased the shear bond strength and is recommended before orthodontic bracket attachment.
A comparison of the sagittal and vertical dentofacial effects of maxillary expansion produced by a memory screw and a hyrax screw
Authors: Halicioğlu Koray , Yavuz İbrahim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the cephalometric effects of a conventional Hyrax expansion screw and a memory screw on the skeletal and dentoalveolar structures and soft tissues of the face.

Methods
Thirty-two patients with a maxillary transverse deficiency were divided into two groups. A memory-screw group included 17 patients (nine females and eight males), while a Hyrax-screw group was comprised of 15 patients (eight females and seven males). The mean ages of the subjects in the memory-screw and Hyrax-screw groups were 13.00 ± 1.29 and 12.58 ± 1.50 years, respectively. Lateral cephalograms were taken of the patients at the beginning of the treatment (T1), at the end of expansion (T2) and retention periods (T3). The mean expansion period was 7.76 ± 1.04 days in the memory-screw group and 35.46 ± 9.39 days in the Hyrax-screw group. The Shapiro-Wilk Normality test was used to determine whether the investigated parameters were homogeneous. To determine the treatment changes within the groups, a paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were applied to the homogeneous and non-homogeneous parameters, respectively. A comparison between the groups was carried out using the Student’s t-test for homogeneous parameters and the Mann-Whitney U test for all others.

Results
A results summary indicates that mid-palatal sutural opening and subsequent important skeletal and dental expansions were obtained in all patients. The maxilla moved anteriorly and inferiorly in both groups while the mandible rotated inferiorly and posteriorly but to a greater extent in the memory-screw group.

Conclusion
The newly-developed memory expansion screw takes advantage of rapid and slow maxillary expansion protocols. The suture is opened and the maxilla expanded with relatively lighter forces over a shorter time. The RME using the memory screw resulted in similar sagittal and vertical changes to those produced by the Hyrax screw.
Comparison of traditional orthodontic polishing systems with novel non-orthodontic methods for residual adhesive removal
Authors: Andrews John , Hagan Joseph L. , Armbruster Paul C. , Ballard Richard W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Following the debonding of orthodontic brackets, the removal of residual adhesive from the enamel surface is required. Published adhesive removal protocols present conflicting advice.

Aims
The present study evaluated the surface roughness of enamel after debonding and instrumentation with non-traditional orthodontic polishing systems.

Methods
The facial aspects of 35 extracted human incisor teeth were scanned with a surface profilometer for surface roughness prior to the bonding of orthodontic brackets. After debonding, residual adhesive was removed with a 12-fluted titanium carbide bur. The teeth were randomly divided into seven groups (N = 5 per group) and the enamel surface was polished with one of seven products. All samples were re-scanned for surface roughness and subjectively evaluated via SEM.

Results
There was no significant difference in enamel surface roughness between the groups when compared using surface profilometry. Visual observations from the SEM evaluations demonstrated differences in the enamel surface at the microscopic level that were not detected by profilometric analysis.

Conclusions
The present study found no statistically significant difference in mean enamel smoothness change from pretreatment to post-treatment between the seven polishing methods studied via profilometer surface reading measurements. An SEM analysis showed visual differences in enamel striations viewed at 1000× magnification in a comparison of traditional versus non-traditional polishing methods.
Cephalometric assessment of soft tissue morphology of patients with acromegaly
Authors: Bavbek Nehir Canigur , Tuncer Burcu Balos , Tuncer Cumhur , Gungor Kahraman , Ozkan Cigdem , Arslan Emre , Altinova Alev Eroglu , Akturk Mujde , Toruner Fusun Balos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
To assess the sagittal soft tissue morphology of patients with acromegaly in comparison with a healthy control group.

Methods
Twenty-seven patients with acromegaly (11 male, 16 female; mean age 47.3 ± 11.5 years) and 30 healthy subjects (15 male, 15 female; mean age 42.2 ± 17.4 years) were included in the study. Linear and angular measurements were made on lateral cephalograms to evaluate soft tissue and skeletal characteristics. The intergroup comparisons were analysed with the Student’s t-test.

Results
Facial convexity (p < 0.01) and the nasolabial angle (p < 0.001) were reduced in patients with acromegaly, whereas nose prominence (p < 0.01), upper lip sulcus depth (p < 0.01), upper lip thickness (p < 0.01), basic upper lip thickness (p < 0.01), lower lip protrusion (p < 0.05), mentolabial sulcus depth (p < 0.05) and soft tissue chin thickness (p < 0.001) were increased. Anterior cranial base length (p < 0.05), the supraorbital ridge (p < 0.01), the length of the maxilla and mandible (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively) were significantly increased, and mandibular prognathism was an acromegalic feature (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Acromegalic coarsening and thickening of the craniofacial soft tissues was identified from lateral cephalograms, which may therefore contribute to early diagnosis when evaluated together with other changes caused by the disease.
Effects of strontium ranelate on sutural bone formation: a histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Karataş Orhan H. , Toy Ebubekir , Demir Abdullah , Toy Hatice , Kozacioğlu Sümeyye 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
Rapid maxillary expansion is performed to correct a skeletal transverse deficiency of the maxilla, which is a frequently- encountered orthodontic anomaly. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a novel agent that has a dual action, involving anti-resorptive and bone-forming effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically applied SrR on osteoblastic bone formation after maxillary expansion on the mid-palatal suture of rats using histological and immunohistochemical tests.

Materials and methods
A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups. In all animals, five-day inter- premaxillary expansion was applied and maintained for a seven-day retention period, during which 625mg/kg/day SrR diluted with saline solution was administered orally to the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed and the tissues prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examinations after the retention period.

Results
Osteoblastic activity and the width of the blood vessels in the suture area were significantly increased in the SrR group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Ossification was also observed to be active under light microscopy by staining with hematoxylin and eosin in the experimental group. Immunohistochemical labelling performed using osteonectin, osteocalcin, TGF-β and VEGF antibodies revealed significant immunoreactivity in the experimental group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
It may be concluded that SrR contributed to stimulatory osteogenesis in the expansion region. Therefore, a retention period may be shortened and relapse possibly reduced, following the application of SrR after the expansion.
A comparative evaluation of ion release from different commercially-available orthodontic mini-implants – an in-vitro study
Authors: Ananthanarayanan Venkateswaran , Padmanabhan Sridevi , Chitharanjan Arun B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Titanium alloy mini-implants have become popular in recent times and have been extensively used and studied. Although corrosion resistance of orthodontic materials has always been of concern, this property has been the least explored. The present study aimed to assess the composition, surface characterisation and corrosion resistance of five commercially available mini-implants by assaying ion release in artificial saliva.

Methods
Ten mini-implants each from five companies were obtained: Group 1 – AbsoAnchor (Dentos Inc, South Korea); Group 2 – Microimplant Anchorage System (MIA, Biomaterials Korea); Group 3 – The Orthodontic Mini Anchorage System (TOMAS, Dentaurum, Germany); Group 4 – mini-implants (Denticon, Maharashtra, India); Group 5 – orthodontic mini-implants (J.J.Orthodontics, Kerala, India). One mini-implant from each group was subjected to characterisation and surface microstructure analysis using Energy Dispersive Atomic Spectrometry (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. Ten miniimplants were immersed for 30 days in Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva solution and the release of titanium, aluminium and vanadium ions was detected with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for multi-variate analysis. In order to determine the significant differences between the groups on independent samples, the Mann-Whitney U test (bi-variate analysis) was applied.

Results and conclusion
All groups showed machining defects but surface pitting after immersion was mostly evident in Group 4. Although the composition of all the implants was comparable, there was a statistically significant difference in the Ti, Al and V release between Group 4 – the group with maximum release – and Group 2, the group with least release.
Orthodontists and the thyroid gland
Authors: Godfrey Keith 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper questions the adequacy of orthodontists’ full appreciation of the issues associated with the routine prescription of extraoral radiography, particularly that related to a high risk of thyroid gland exposure to ionising radiation. There does not appear to be adequate application of the ALARA principle in the consideration of justifiable options to minimise the cumulative effects of radiation exposure in young patients.
Short-term treatment effects of the quad-helix appliance on dentofacial morphology of hyperdivergent patients
Authors: Endo Saori , Yamada Wataru , Shundo Isao , Kobayashi Yoshiki , Komatsuzaki Akira , Endo Toshiya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term expansion treatment using the quad-helix appliance on dentofacial morphology in orthodontic patients presenting with a hyperdivergent facial pattern.

Methods
The treatment group consisted of 40 patients with a hyperdivergent facial pattern, who were treated for maxillary incisor crowding with a quad-helix appliance during the mixed dentition period. Lateral cephalograms taken at the start (T0) and end (T1) of the treatment were obtained as a course of care. A similar number of patients, who possessed the same type of facial pattern and who remained untreated, were assigned to a control group. Two consecutive lateral cephalograms of each untreated patient were taken at the same time points as T0 and T1. All cephalograms were traced, analysed and compared between the two groups.

Results
The treatment changes as a result of the quad-helix appliance were expressed in an upward rotation of the mandible (2.34°) and distal tipping and impeded mesial movement of the maxillary first molars. Significant differences were evident between the treatment and control groups.

Conclusion
Quad-helix appliance treatment can be appropriate for significantly decreasing the mandibular plane angle in hyperdivergent patients presenting with moderate maxillary incisor crowding and a positive overjet and overbite.
True intrusion of maxillary first molars with zygomatic and palatal miniscrew anchorage: a case report
Authors: Tripathi Tulika , Kalra Shilpa , Rai Priyank , Faraz Farrukh , Singh Navneet 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The intrusion of the maxillary first molar is indicated when occlusal clearance is needed for prosthetic rehabilitation. Maxillary molar intrusion may be undertaken using skeletal anchorage systems to avoid complicated mechanics delivered by conventional intra-oral fixed appliances. In the present case report, the efficient use of orthodontic miniscrew anchorage by applying simple mechanics for true maxillary first molar intrusion is described. This was followed by the rehabilitation of the mandibular first molar spaces with implant prostheses. A 16-year-old female patient had masticatory difficulty due to the bilateral overeruption of the maxillary first molars and carious mandibular first molars. True intrusion of each maxillary first molar was achieved using zygomatic and palatal paramedian miniscrews placed in line with the central axis of the teeth. Simultaneously, alignment of the upper arch was achieved via fixed appliance therapy. Using two orthodontic miniscrews to intrude each maxillary molar, orthodontic treatment was simplified by eliminating the need for miniplate placement by extensive surgery and the creation of intra-oral multiunit anchorage. Masticatory efficiency was improved by increasing the occlusal table with prosthetic rehabilitation of the mandibular first molar spaces with dental implant prostheses.
The effect of topical fluoride varnish on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets
Authors: Thuy-Huy Nhan Ruby , Xu Xaoming , Yu Qingzhao , Ballard Richard , Armbruster Paul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
The present study examined the effect of topical fluoride treatment on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets using single-dose fluoride varnishes and assessed according to different post-application times and the pattern of debond.

Methods
Of the 105 extracted human mandibular premolars used in the study, 70 were subjected to the SBS test and the remaining 35 to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) test. The teeth were divided into a control group and six test groups: Kolorz®ClearShieldTM 5%NaFl varnish Day 1, 8, and 15; and VanishTM 5%NaFl varnish Day 1, 8, and 15. The samples were coated with their respective varnish, following which, brackets were bonded. Each specimen was subjected to a shear force in a universal testing machine until failure. Data were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
At all time intervals, the mean SBS of the Vanish groups was not significantly different from the control group, and the shear strength in the ClearShield groups was significantly higher than the control and Vanish groups, except at Day 8 (no difference). For the same bonding material, there was no significant difference in mean SBS over different time intervals. ARI scores showed no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion
The application of single-dose fluoride varnish, irrespective of the length of time between the fluoride treatment and bonding procedure, does not negatively affect the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
The orthodontic extraction of permanent molars: a literature review
Authors: Chua Emilia S.L. , Felicita A. Sumathi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The most common cause of dental crowding is the presence of an arch-length – tooth-size discrepancy. Conventional methods of gaining space in orthodontics involve the extraction of teeth, often premolars. However, there are a number of clinical situations in which the extraction of permanent molars might be considered. This paper highlights the indications, advantages, disadvantages and timing of the extraction of the first, second and third permanent molars in the treatment of a crowded malocclusion.
Multi-disciplinary management of a patient with a post-traumatised incisor presenting concurrent replacement and inflammatory resorption: a case report
Authors: Doğramacı Esma J. , Rossi-Fedele Giampiero , Jones Allan G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This case report describes the multidisciplinary management of a young male who presented with a Class I incisor relationship and bi-maxillary dento-alveolar protrusion on a Class I skeletal base. The occlusion was complicated by an ankylosed and moderately infra-positioned upper left permanent central incisor, an anterior crossbite, crowding, a reduced overbite and centreline discrepancy. The incisor was traumatised and avulsed when the root was immature and the tooth was reimplanted with delay. On referral for orthodontic treatment at age 11.5 years, the upper left central incisor was experiencing ankylosis-related (osseous replacement) resorption and external root resorption simultaneously. Aside from the orthodontic aims, it was important to address the disrupted alveolar development to facilitate later prosthodontic replacement of the upper left permanent central incisor by idealising the inter-coronal and inter-radicular spaces. Treatment consisted of fixed orthodontic appliances in conjunction with the extraction of all second premolars and the upper left permanent central incisor with episodic surgical curettage. An upper Hawlix retainer was provided immediately at debond and a cantilevered resin-retained bridge was placed four months later.