bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and the eating location: can they be associated?
Authors: Souza Thays Nascimento , Andrade Giovanna Calixto , Rauber Fernanda , Levy Renata Bertazzi , da Costa Louzada Maria Laura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudies indicate that eating locations can influence food choices. However, the relationship with ultra-processed foods has been little explored. The objective was to assess the association between eating locations and ultra-processed foods consumption in the UK in 2014–2016. Data from 2,449 individuals aged 4 years or older from the NDNS were analysed cross-sectionally. Food consumption information was collected through 4-day food diaries. Recorded foods were classified into NOVA system. The eating locations were grouped into nine categories (home, institutional places, sit-down restaurants, on the go, coffee shops, leisure and sports clubs, fast food, friends and relatives’ house, and other places). Linear regression models were carried out. The coefficients represent the increment in the contribution of ultra-processed foods to total energy intake for each percentage point increase in the contribution of each eating location to total energy intake. Among children, consumption at home was inversely associated with ultra-processed foods consumption (β: −0.10; 95% CI −0.17, −0.03), while in leisure and sports places (0.47; 0.20, 0.73) directly associated. For adolescents, eating at home (−0.12; −0.19, −0.05) was inversely associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods, as well as sit-down restaurants (−0.21; −0.38, −0.03). Fast food (0.29; 0.12, 0.47) were directly associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods for adolescents. Finally, for adults, sit-down restaurants (−0.13; −0.22, −0.03) showed to be inversely associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods while in fast food restaurants (0.77; 0.38, 1.17) it was directly associated. Our results showed that the eating locations have different impacts on diet quality.
When the Canaanite Conquest Met the Enlightenment: How Christian Apologists of the English Enlightenment Harmonized the Biblical Canaanite Conquest with the Moral Values of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Williams Daniel K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines British and American Christian apologists’ reinterpretation of the biblical account of the Canaanite conquest in response to concerns about natural rights and ethical behavior that emerged from the English Enlightenment. Because of Enlightenment-era assumptions about universal rights, a new debate emerged in Britain and America in the eighteenth century about whether the divine order for the biblical Israelites to slaughter the Canaanites was morally right. The article argues that intellectually minded Christians’ appropriation of Enlightenment values to reframe their interpretation of the biblical narrative (often in response to skeptical attacks from writers classified as deists) demonstrates that in the English-speaking world, Enlightenment rationalism and Christian orthodoxy frequently reinforced each other and were not opposing forces. Though many orthodox Christians repudiated traditional Calvinist interpretations of the biblical Canaanite conquest, they defended the authority of the biblical narrative by drawing on Enlightenment-era assumptions about natural rights to provide justifications for what some skeptics considered morally objectionable divine orders in the Bible. By doing so, they set the framework for the continued synthesis of natural rights and rationality with a biblically centered Protestantism in the early nineteenth-century English-speaking world and especially in the United States.
Reformed Monasticism and the Narrative of Cistercian Beginnings
Authors: Newman Martha G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay explores the ongoing debates about the character of early Cistercian monasticism, the dating of early Cistercian documents, and assumptions about the Cistercians’ place in eleventh- and twelfth-century monastic “reform.” It analyzes the Cistercians’ narratives of their foundation in relation to particular moments in the twelfth-century history of the order, drawing on and elaborating recent theories about the dating of these documents. Although the Cistercians often seem the quintessential example of “reformed monasticism,” this essay argues that the earliest Cistercians did not present themselves as reformers but only gradually developed a rhetoric of reform over the course of the twelfth century. Finally, it suggests that reform is less a specific set of changes than it is a rhetorical use of the past that authenticates current practices and affirms that these interpretations of the past must be right and true.
Impact of Specific Emergency Measures on Survival in Out-of-Hospital Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Savary Dominique , Morin François , Douillet Delphine , Drouet Adrien , Ageron François Xavier , Charvet Romain , Carneiro Bruno , Metton Pierre , Fadel Marc , Descatha Alexis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction:The management of out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) for professional rescuers entails Advanced Life Support (ALS) with specific actions to treat the potential reversible causes of the arrest: hypovolemia, hypoxemia, tension pneumothorax (TPx), and tamponade. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of specific rescue measures on short-term outcomes in the context of resuscitating patients with a TCA.Methods:This retrospective study concerns all TCA patients treated in two emergency medical units, which are part of the Northern French Alps Emergency Network (RENAU), from January 2004 through December 2017. Utstein variables and specific rescue measures in TCA were compiled: fluid expansion, pelvic stabilization, tourniquet application, bilateral thoracostomy, and thoracotomy procedures. The primary endpoint was survival rate at Day 30 with good neurological status (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] score CPC 1 and CPC 2).Results:In total, 287 resuscitation attempts in TCA were included and 279 specific interventions were identified: 262 fluid expansions, 41 pelvic stabilizations, five tourniquets, and 175 bilateral thoracostomies (including 44 with TPx).Conclusion:Among the standard resuscitation measures to treat the reversible causes of cardiac arrest, this study found that bilateral thoracostomy and tourniquet application on a limb hemorrhage improve survival in TCA. A larger sample for pelvic stabilization is needed.
Plebiscites: a tool for dictatorship
Authors: Penadés Alberto , Velasco Sergio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe comparative study of authoritarianism has neglected plebiscites, and the comparative study of referendums tends to see in them a form of direct democracy regardless of the regime. We conceptualize dictatorial plebiscites as a genuine authoritarian tool, as part of a repressive strategy with the objective of hindering internal regime rivals and discouraging the coordination of the external opposition. We provide empirical evidence from dictatorships for the period 1946–2008 that is compatible with our expectations.
Decadal Variability of Southeast US Rainfall in an Eddying Global Coupled Model
Authors: Zhang Wei , Kirtman Ben , Siqueira Leo , Xiang Baoqiang , Infanti Johnna , Perlin Natalie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOcean variability is a dominant source of remote rainfall predictability, but in many cases the physical mechanisms driving this predictability are not fully understood. This study examines how ocean mesoscales (i.e., the Gulf Stream SST front) affect decadal Southeast US (SEUS) rainfall, arguing that the local imprint of large‐scale teleconnections is sensitive to resolved mesoscale features. Based on global coupled model experiments with eddying and eddy‐parameterizing ocean, we find that a resolved Gulf Stream improves localized rainfall and remote circulation response in the SEUS. The eddying model generally improves the air‐sea interactions in the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Subtropical High that modulate SEUS rainfall over decadal timescales. The eddy‐parameterizing simulation fails to capture the sharp SST gradient associated with the Gulf Stream and overestimates the role of tropical Pacific SST anomalies in the SEUS rainfall.
Cyanobacteria and Algae Meet at the Limits of Their Habitat Ranges in Moderately Acidic Hot Springs
Authors: Fecteau Kristopher M. , Boyd Eric S. , Lindsay Melody R. , Amenabar Maximiliano J. , Robinson Kirtland J. , Debes R. Vincent , Shock Everett L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicrobial oxygenic photosynthesis in thermal habitats is thought to be performed by Bacteria in circumneutral to alkaline systems (pH > 6) and by Eukarya in acidic systems (pH < 3), yet the predominant oxygenic phototrophs in thermal environments with pH values intermediate to these extremes have received little attention. Sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes was performed on samples from twelve hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA) with pH values from 3.0 to 5.5, revealing that Cyanobacteria of the genus Chlorogloeopsis and algae of the genus Cyanidioschyzon (phylum Rhodophyta) coexisted in ten of these springs. Cyanobacterial 16S rRNA genes were more abundant than rhodophyte 18S rRNA genes by 1–7 orders of magnitude, with rhodophyte template abundance approaching that of Cyanobacteria only at the most acidic sites. The ketocarotenoids echinenone and canthaxanthin were identified in samples from all but one spring yielding cyanobacterial sequences and are attributed to pigment synthesis by Cyanobacteria, whereas the absence of detectable chloroplast sequences affiliated with Cyanidioschyzon, pH and temperatures in excess of its limits for growth, and other observations collectively suggested these algae were inactive in many of the springs at the time of sampling. Fluctuations in the supply of meteoric water likely contribute to physicochemical variability in these springs, leading to transitions in microbial community composition. Spatial overlap, but perhaps not temporal overlap, in the habitat ranges of bacterial and eukaryal oxygenic phototrophs indicates that the notion of a sharp transition between these lineages with respect to pH is unwarranted.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students during the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak: a network approach
Authors: Bai Wei , Cai Hong , Liu Shou , Chen Xu , Sha Sha , Cheung Teris , Lin Jessie Jingxia , Cui Xiling , Ng Chee H. , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMental health problems are common in college students even in the late stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Network analysis is a novel approach to explore interactions of mental disorders at the symptom level. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics of depressive and anxiety symptoms network in college students in the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 3062 college students were included. The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified based on centrality and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. The strongest direct relation was between anxiety symptoms “Nervousness” and “Uncontrollable worry”. “Fatigue” has the highest node strength in the anxiety and depression network, followed by “Excessive worry”, “Trouble relaxing”, and “Uncontrollable worry”. “Motor” showed the highest bridge strength, followed by “Feeling afraid” and “Restlessness”. The whole network was robust in both stability and accuracy tests. Central symptoms “Fatigue”, “Excessive worry”, “Trouble relaxing” and “Uncontrollable worry”, and critical bridge symptoms “Motor”, “Feeling afraid” and “Restlessness” were highlighted in this study. Targeting interventions to these symptoms may be important to effectively alleviate the overall level of anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students.
Spatiotemporal droplet dispersion measurements demonstrate face masks reduce risks from singing
Authors: Ho Kai Man Alexander , Davies Hywel , Epstein Ruth , Bassett Paul , Hogan Áine , Kabir Yusuf , Rubin John , Shin Gee Yen , Reid Jonathan P. , Torii Ryo , Tiwari Manish K. , Balachandran Ramanarayanan , Lovat Laurence B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has restricted singing in communal worship. We sought to understand variations in droplet transmission and the impact of wearing face masks. Using rapid laser planar imaging, we measured droplets while participants exhaled, said ‘hello’ or ‘snake’, sang a note or ‘Happy Birthday’, with and without surgical face masks. We measured mean velocity magnitude (MVM), time averaged droplet number (TADN) and maximum droplet number (MDN). Multilevel regression models were used. In 20 participants, sound intensity was 71 dB for speaking and 85 dB for singing (p < 0.001). MVM was similar for all tasks with no clear hierarchy between vocal tasks or people and > 85% reduction wearing face masks. Droplet transmission varied widely, particularly for singing. Masks decreased TADN by 99% (p < 0.001) and MDN by 98% (p < 0.001) for singing and 86–97% for other tasks. Masks reduced variance by up to 48%. When wearing a mask, neither singing task transmitted more droplets than exhaling. In conclusion, wide variation exists for droplet production. This significantly reduced when wearing face masks. Singing during religious worship wearing a face mask appears as safe as exhaling or talking. This has implications for UK public health guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Deep learning based classification of dynamic processes in time-resolved X-ray tomographic microscopy
Authors: Bührer Minna , Xu Hong , Hendriksen Allard A. , Büchi Felix N. , Eller Jens , Stampanoni Marco , Marone Federica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTime-resolved X-ray tomographic microscopy is an invaluable technique to investigate dynamic processes in 3D for extended time periods. Because of the limited signal-to-noise ratio caused by the short exposure times and sparse angular sampling frequency, obtaining quantitative information through post-processing remains challenging and requires intensive manual labor. This severely limits the accessible experimental parameter space and so, prevents fully exploiting the capabilities of the dedicated time-resolved X-ray tomographic stations. Though automatic approaches, often exploiting iterative reconstruction methods, are currently being developed, the required computational costs typically remain high. Here, we propose a highly efficient reconstruction and classification pipeline (SIRT-FBP-MS-D-DIFF) that combines an algebraic filter approximation and machine learning to significantly reduce the computational time. The dynamic features are reconstructed by standard filtered back-projection with an algebraic filter to approximate iterative reconstruction quality in a computationally efficient manner. The raw reconstructions are post-processed with a trained convolutional neural network to extract the dynamic features from the low signal-to-noise ratio reconstructions in a fully automatic manner. The capabilities of the proposed pipeline are demonstrated on three different dynamic fuel cell datasets, one exploited for training and two for testing without network retraining. The proposed approach enables automatic processing of several hundreds of datasets in a single day on a single GPU node readily available at most institutions, so extending the possibilities in future dynamic X-ray tomographic investigations.
Maternal childhood trauma and perinatal distress are related to infants’ focused attention from 6 to 18 months
Authors: Tu Hsing-Fen , Skalkidou Alkistis , Lindskog Marcus , Gredebäck Gustaf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaternal distress is repeatedly reported to have negative impacts on the cognitive development in children and is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder). However, studies examining the associations between maternal distress and the development of attention in infancy are few. This study investigated the longitudinal relationships between maternal distress (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and exposure to childhood trauma) and the development of focused attention in infancy in 118 mother-infant dyads. We found that maternal exposure to non-interpersonal traumatic events in childhood was associated with the less focused attention of the infants to audio-visual stimuli at 6, 10, and 18 months. In addition, exposure to interpersonal traumatic events in childhood was identified as a moderator of the negative effect of maternal anxiety during the 2nd trimester on the development of focused attention in infants. We discuss the possible mechanisms accounting for these cross-generational effects. Our findings underscore the importance of maternal mental health to the development of focused attention in infancy and address the need for early screening of maternal mental health during pregnancy.
Computer aided self-regulation learning and cognitive training improve generalization ability of patients with poststroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Youze He , Ting Yang , Yaqi Bao , Tianshen Xiao , Tiecheng Wu , Jingsong Wu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmerging studies suggest the application of self-regulation learning (SRL) to improve generalization abilities in poststroke patients. SRL has been proposed to have an added effect on computer-aided cognitive training (CACT). This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an intervention combining computer-aided SRL (CA-SRL) training and CACT for generalization abilities and cognitive function in patients with poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). A total of 75 patients recruited from a rehabilitation centre were randomly assigned to a CA-SRL group, demonstration learning (DL) group and traditional learning (TL) group. Finally, 72 patients were included in the analysis. Over 3 weeks, the patients in these three groups underwent CA-SRL or DL training combined with cognitive training. After the intervention, all outcomes significantly improved (P < 0.05). The CA-SRL group showed better improvements in all trained tasks among the groups, especially in "wash the dishes" and “change the bed”. The results of the analysis for generalization abilities showed that CA-SRL group patients obtained the highest scores among the groups in untrained tasks. The mean changes in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in both the CA-SRL and TL groups were significantly higher than those in the DL group (P < 0.001, P = 0.002) after adjusting for education level and Lawton Instrumental ADL Scale score. In general, the combination of CA-SRL and CACT is effective for PSCI patients and has a better effect on promoting skill generalization from cognitive gains than traditional training.
Genomic stability of mouse spermatogonial stem cells in vitro
Authors: Chuma Shinichiro , Kanatsu-Shinohara Mito , Katanaya Ami , Hosokawa Mihoko , Shinohara Takashi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGermline mutations underlie genetic diversity and species evolution. Previous studies have assessed the theoretical mutation rates and spectra in germ cells mostly by analyzing genetic markers and reporter genes in populations and pedigrees. This study reported the direct measurement of germline mutations by whole-genome sequencing of cultured spermatogonial stem cells in mice, namely germline stem (GS) cells, together with multipotent GS (mGS) cells that spontaneously dedifferentiated from GS cells. GS cells produce functional sperm that can generate offspring by transplantation into seminiferous tubules, whereas mGS cells contribute to germline chimeras by microinjection into blastocysts in a manner similar to embryonic stem cells. The estimated mutation rate of GS and mGS cells was approximately 0.22 × 10−9 and 1.0 × 10−9 per base per cell population doubling, respectively, indicating that GS cells have a lower mutation rate compared to mGS cells. GS and mGS cells also showed distinct mutation patterns, with C-to-T transition as the most frequent in GS cells and C-to-A transversion as the most predominant in mGS cells. By karyotype analysis, GS cells showed recurrent trisomy of chromosomes 15 and 16, whereas mGS cells frequently exhibited chromosomes 1, 6, 8, and 11 amplifications, suggesting that distinct chromosomal abnormalities confer a selective growth advantage for each cell type in vitro. These data provide the basis for studying germline mutations and a foundation for the future utilization of GS cells for reproductive technology and clinical applications.
BrCNGC gene family in field mustard: genome-wide identification, characterization, comparative synteny, evolution and expression profiling
Authors: Baloch Akram Ali , Raza Agha Muhammad , Rana Shahjahan Shabbir Ahmed , Ullah Saad , Khan Samiullah , Zaib-un-Nisa  , Zahid Humera , Malghani Gohram Khan , Kakar Kaleem U. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCNGCs are ligand-gated calcium signaling channels, which participate in important biological processes in eukaryotes. However, the CNGC gene family is not well-investigated in Brassica rapa L. (i.e., field mustard) that is economically important and evolutionary model crop. In this study, we systematically identified 29 member genes in BrCNGC gene family, and studied their physico-chemical properties. The BrCNGC family was classified into four major and two sub phylogenetic groups. These genes were randomly localized on nine chromosomes, and dispersed into three sub-genomes of B. rapa L. Both whole-genome triplication and gene duplication (i.e., segmental/tandem) events participated in the expansion of the BrCNGC family. Using in-silico bioinformatics approaches, we determined the gene structures, conserved motif compositions, protein interaction networks, and revealed that most BrCNGCs can be regulated by phosphorylation and microRNAs of diverse functionality. The differential expression patterns of BrCNGC genes in different plant tissues, and in response to different biotic, abiotic and hormonal stress types, suggest their strong role in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. Notably, BrCNGC-9, 27, 18 and 11 exhibited highest responses in terms of fold-changes against club-root pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, methyl-jasmonate, and trace elements. These results provide foundation for the selection of candidate BrCNGC genes for future breeding of field mustard.