bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Edible Moringa Oleifera Seeds for Environmentally Friendly Biodiesel – A Review
Authors: Arafah Miranti Nur , Sukmawati Raden , Safitri Hasna Mutiara , Budiastuti Herawati 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKKetersediaan bahan bakar fosil semakin lama semakin berkurang. Hal tersebut menyebabkan dibutuhkannya pengganti bahan bakar alternatif yaitu biodiesel. Minyak biji kelor memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel, karena kandungan asam oleatnya yang tinggi yaitu 75,36 –87,49%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pembuatan biodiesel, penggunaan katalis heterogen serta pengaruh parameter operasi terhadap hasil dan kualitas biodiesel dari minyak biji kelor dengan metode studi literatur. Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam studi literatur ini adalah pengumpulan, pemisahan dan analisis artikel jurnal serta perumusan pembahasan dan kesimpulan. Pembuatan biodiesel minyak biji kelor dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan proses, yaitu pengambilan minyak dari biji, proses esterifikasi-transesterifikasi dan pemurnian biodiesel. Parameter operasi yang paling berpengaruh dalam menghasilkan biodiesel minyak biji kelor adalah rasio molar metanol dan minyak, konsentrasi katalis, waktu reaksi dan temperatur reaksi. Penggunaan katalis heterogen mampu menghasilkan yield biodiesel minyak biji kelor yang tinggi yaitu rata-rata lebih besar dari 90%. Biodiesel minyak biji kelor telah sesuai dengan standar nasional (SNI 7182 : 2015) dan internasional (ASTM D6751 dan EN 14214)Kata Kunci: Biodisel Minyak Biji Kelor, Katalis Heterogen, Parameter Operasi, Karakteristik Biodiesel. ABSTRACTThe availability of fossil fuels is decreasing over time. This causes the need for an alternative fuel substitute, namely biodiesel. Moringa oleifera seeds are the raw material for making Moringa seed oil, used as raw material for making biodiesel. This is due to its high oleic acid contents, in the range of 75,36% - 87,49% the objectives of this study are to observe the production of biodiesel from Moringa seed oil, the use of heterogeneous catalysts in the production of Moringa seed oil biodiesel, the effect of operating parameters on the yield and quality of biodiesel produced. Literature study was done in this research, including the collection of journal articles, separation and analysis of journal articles, as well as the formulation of discussions and conclusions. Based on this study, there are several stages in the production of Moringa seed oil biodiesel, namely extracting oil from the seeds, esterification- transesterification, and refining of biodiesel. Operating parameters affect the manufacture of Moringa seed oil biodiesel. The most influential operating parameters are the molar ratio of methanol and oil, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The use of heterogeneous catalysts is able to produce a high yield of Moringa seed oil biodiesel, which is on average greater than 90%. Moringa seed oil biodiesel complies with both national (SNI 7182: 2015) and international (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214) standardr.Keywords: Moringa Seed Oil, Biodiesel, Heterogeneous Catalyst, Operating Parameters
Levels of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products in Blood Plasma of Peri- and Postmenopausal Women with Insomnia
Authors: Semenova N. V. , Madaeva I. M. , Brichagina A. S. , Kolesnikova L. I. 
Published: April 2021

Background. Insomnia occurs in more than half of menopausal women. These disorders can contribute to a change in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, causing the damage to structural cellular elements. Currently, there is a lack of research on this issue.Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of the level of advanced oxidation protein products in in periand postmenopausal women with insomnia.Materials and methods. The study included peri(n = 30) and postmenopausal (n = 60) women, who were divided into 2 groups (control and main groups) in each menopausal phase after being questioned using special sleep questionnaires: Insomnia Severity Index; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. The advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels was determined by immunoenzymatic assay using ImmunDiagnostik (German) kits on a BioTek EL×808 (USA) analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann – Whitney test.Results. Comparative analysis of the AOPP levels in control groups, depending on the menopausal periods, showed an increase in their levels in the postmenopausal period as compared to perimenopause (p < 0.05). When comparing the AOPP levels between the control and the main group in different menopausal periods, statistically significant differences were revealed only in the perimenopausal period towards a higher content in women with insomnia (p < 0.05). The presence of insomnia in postmenopausal women is accompanied by a higher AOPP levels as compared to the perimenopausal women (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the association between insomnia and oxidative proteins modification only in the perimenopausal period.
The Relationship between Neuropsychological Performance and Level of Direct Current Potential in Patients with Occupational Diseases from Exposure to Physical Factors
Authors: Shevchenko O. I. , Lakhman O. L. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the peculiarities of neuropsychological indices disorders depending on changes in the level of constant potential in patients with occupational diseases as a result of physical factors.Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients with vibration disease caused by local vibration (group I), 106 patients with vibration disease caused by combined exposure to local and general vibration (group II), 101 civil aviation pilots with an established diagnosis of professional sensorineural hearing loss (group III), and 50 healthy men (group IV, comparison group) who were not exposed to vibration and noise due to the specifics of their professional activities. Methods of neuro-energy mapping and neuropsychological testing were used.Results. In groups I–II, compared with group IV, an increase in local levels of constant potential (DC-potential level) in the central, right temporal, and central frontal parts of the brain (2.3 (6.5–3.8) mV; –0.3 (–2.1–2.1); 2.1 (–3.4–6.8) and –0.3 (–3.1–4.3); –2.24 (–6.4–3.8); 0.9 (–3.1–8.5) mV at p = 0.005, 0.007 and 0.004 respectively). Differences in the values of DC-potential level gradients in individuals of group III when compared with group IV reached the level of significance in the central, temporal, occipital leads relative to the central frontal (–5.0 (–13.1–3.8); –4.1 (–9.4–5.1); –2.1 (–10.9–6.6); –6.3 (–15.3–1.8) and 2.9 (–3.0–10.6); 2.2 (–4.5–13.8); 5.6 (–7.6–14.1); –1.4 (–7.5–3.9) mV at p = 0.008; 0.009; 0.009, and 0.007 respectively). Cognitive disorders in patients of groups I–III when compared with group IV correspond to a mild disorder of dynamic, constructive praxis and expressive speech (1.40 (0–1,6); 1.43 (0–1,7); 1.2 (0–1,5) and 0.3 (0–1); 0.2 (0–1); 0.06 (0–1) points at p = 0.008, 0.008 and 0.009 respectively).Conclusions. A common neurofunctional sign of a mild impairment of the cognitive sphere in occupational diseases caused by physical factors is an increase in direct current potential level in the frontal-central and parieto-occipital regions, predominantly of the left hemisphere of the brain.
Anxiety, Suicidal Risk and Personal Characteristics of Medical Students
Authors: Ivanova L. I. , Zlobina O. Y. 
Published: April 2021

Background. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, personality traits and poor quality of life among medical students contributes to the formation of suicidal behaviorAims. To reveal the relationship between the severity of anxiety, hopelessness, personality traits and suicidal risk in students of Irkutsk State Medical University.Material and methods. The study included third-year students of the medical faculty of Irkutsk State Medical University (n = 61), average age – 19.7 ± 2.2 years. We used Spielberger – Khanin and Sheehan scales of self-assessment of the anxiety level, the personality questionnaire of Smisek – Mueller “Accent 2-90”, and Beck’s hopelessness scale.Results. According to the results of testing on the Spielberger – Khanin scale, the severity of reactive anxiety reached moderate values in 57.3 % of students, severe anxiety was found in 32.8 %, the absence of anxiety – in 9.8 %. Personal anxiety on the Spielberger – Khanin scale was characterized by moderate values in 52.5 % of cases, severe anxiety was found in 45.9 %, the absence of anxiety – in 1.6 %. Moderate and high values of reactive and personal anxiety were significantly more common compared to the students with no anxiety. According to the psychometric assessment of students using Sheehan scale, clinically expressed anxiety was observed in 47.5 % of cases, severe anxiety disorder – in 4.9 %, lack of anxiety – in 47.5 %. The personality traits of students with anxiety include hyperthymia, excitability, dysthymia, cyclothymia, introversion and exaltation.Нopelessness in students was detected in 27.9 % of cases (mild – in 16.4 %, moderate – in 9.8 %, severe – in 1.6 %). Тhe criterion of hopelessness was detected with pronounced situational and personal anxiety in comparison with moderately pronounced anxiety using Spielberger – Khanin scale (50 % and 39.3 % respectively); expressed and severe anxiety was detected in 51.7 % and 66.7 % of cases on the Sheehan scale.The personality traits of students with hopelessness included stuckness, pedantry (standard level and level above average); cyclothymia in the form of unstable mood; demonstrativeness; excitability (normative level); dysthymia in the form of attempts to deny difficulties; exaltation (average level); introverted personality direction.Conclusion. Determination of factors of suicidal risk is important in the prevention of suicidal behavior among medical students.
Behavioral Characteristics of Gout Patients and Their Impact on the Results of Urate Lowering Therapy
Authors: Chen J. , Zhou P. , Tan W. , Zheng M. , Oshmianska N. Y. 
Published: April 2021

Background. Gout is frequently accompanied by hypertension, obesity, and/or impaired glucose tolerance, which are often complicated with heavy smoking and dietary violations, especially in male patients.Objective. To determine the behavioral characteristics of gout patients that could impact the results of urate lowering therapy.Subjects and methods. The relationship between behavioral characteristics and results of urate lowering therapy were investigated in 74 male gout patients of Chengdu Rheumatism Hospital. The results of treatment were evaluated using serum uric acid contents before and after treatment, VAS pain score before and after treatment. Behavioral characteristics for the last ten years (smoking status, daily volume of drinking water, etc.) were accessed by means of retrospective survey.Results. In gout patients with poor treatment response, serum uric acid at the beginning of the treatment was already significantly lower (365.76 ± 163.06 μmol/L); this trend was also noted in a “slow progress” group, while patients with higher serum uric acid before treatment had notably better response to urate lowering therapy. During further analysis age negatively correlated with serum uric acid (r = –0.328; p = 0.002) and uric acid clearance ratio (r = –0.299; p = 0.002).In patients with uric acid clearance ratio above 40 % the prevalence of kidney diseases (stones or dysfunction) was significantly lower compared to other groups. There was no significant influence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver or hyperlipidaemia on uric acid clearance ratio (p > 0.05).Amount of drinking water also influenced the serum uric acid clearance ratio. Bigger amount of patients in the “fast progress” group (40.0 % compared to 30.44 and 25.0 %) tended to drink more water.Conclusion. In most gout patients, serum uric acid levels before treatment acted as the reliable predictor of good response to urate lowering therapy. Treatment response (serum uric acid clearance ratio) correlated positively with the hyperuricemia and drinking sufficient amounts of water, negatively – with prolonged smoking (more than 10 years) and age.
Viral Load in COVID-19: Underestimated Clinical and Epidemiological Marker
Authors: Orlova E. A. , Ogarkov O. B. , Zhdanova S. N. , Khromova P. A. , Sinkov V. V. , Khasnatinov M. A. , Rychkova L. A. , Kolesnikova L. I. 
Published: April 2021

Background. The viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the new coronavirus infection, is becoming increasingly important in clinical and epidemiological contexts. Despite this, there are significant complexities in the implementation of viral load quantitative measurement into clinical practice due to the limited approaches to its assessment.The aim of this work was to develop an approach for SARS-CoV-2 viral load analysis by the value of sample threshold cycles (Ct) relative to the Ct of the internal control sample obtained in routine PCR diagnostics of the COVID-19, and to use this approach for quantitative monitoring of viral load in patients with first positive SARS-CoV-2 test from the Irkutsk region.Materials and methods. Using regression models based on the least squares method, an approach to determine the number of copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 1 ml of nasopharyngeal secretion was developed. The viral load of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed in nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal samples obtained from 1370 patients from Irkutsk and Angarsk with primary diagnosed positive PCR result in the period from July 1 to November 10, 2020.Results. A tenfold increase in the average monthly viral load among patients in September-October 2020 was revealed. We assume that the change in the epidemiological pattern of the spread of the new coronavirus infection during this period is associated with an increase in the number of contacts in the population due to the school year beginning. Higher viral loads are observed in populations at risk for COVID-19 – among healthcare workers and adults/elderly patients. Conclusion. The development of a standardized quantification of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal samples can be a predictive clinical marker and a reliable tool for improving COVID-19 surveillance using the proposed approach to assess average viral load in a local population.
Features of Hematological and Hemostasiological Parameters in Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Borodulina E. A. , Vasneva Zh. P. , Vdoushkina E. S. , Borodulin B. E. , Povalyaeva L. E. 
Published: April 2021

Against the background of priority attention paid to the COVID-19 pandemic, there are also cases of community-acquired pneumonia of a different genesis. Identification of the features of lung lesions in such diseases is relevant during the spread of seasonal respiratory infections. The comparative study of the dynamics of hematological and hemostasiological parameters of blood in patients with pneumonia of various origins is of interest in terms of searching for predictors of the prognosis of the diseases development.Aim. To compare the features of clinical symptoms, hematological and hemostasiological parameters in patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Materials and methods. During cross-sectional study two groups were formed: group 1 consisted of 92 patients diagnosed with moderate community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19 infection; group 2 included 40 patients diagnosed with moderate community-acquired bilateral polysegmental pneumonia.Results. It was found that patients with COVID-19 had an older age (69 vs 39.3 years), a lower body temperature at admission (37.5 vs 38.85 °C), a lower percentage of reduced oxygen saturation (less than 89 % in 5.4 % of cases vs 10 % of cases). In most cases, the average values of some hematological parameters in patients with COVID-19 did not go beyond the reference range. Leukopenia (below 4 × 109 cells/l) and lymphopenia (below 1.1 × 109 cells/l) were observed in 26 % and 38 % of cases respectively; thrombocytopenia (less than 100 × 109 cells/l) – in 12.2 % of cases; hyperfibrinogenemia (more than 4 g/l) – in 65.3 % of cases. A direct correlation was found between platelet levels and leukocytes (R = 0.53; p < 0.001) and lymphocytes (R = 0.29; p = 0.06). Compared with the patients of the group 2,on average, patients with COVID-19 had significantly lower levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes (2.5 times each; p < 0.001) and an increased level of fibrinogen (by 45 %; p < 0.001).Conclusion. In patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19, we revealed the particular features of clinical symptoms, hematological and hemostasiological blood parameters compared to community-acquired nonspecific pneumonia.
ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA HUTANG PIUTANG MELALUI AKTA PERDAMAIAN (Studi Putusan Nomor: 1/Pdt.G.S/2017/PN. Blg)
Authors: Noor Tajuddin 
Published: April 2021

Analysis of settlement of debt receivables disputes between PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat NBP 5 and Lisbon Manurung, defendant I, and Tetty Herawati, the defendant II. The settlement is carried out based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2015 concerning Procedures for Completion of Simple Lawsuits because the value of the material claim does not exceed 200,000,000.00 Rupiahs (two hundred million rupiahs). The dispute ended with the ruling of the peace deed because of the good intentions of the parties who ended the dispute by means of peace. In the study of the decision, the author applied legal research in a normative juridical manner. The result of this study indicates that the legal analysis of debt settlement through agreements / deeds of peace has legal consequences for the parties, namely closed appeal and cassation legal efforts, which have permanent legal force, and executive power. Keywords: Debt and Receivables, Peace, Settlement.
Analisis perbandingan efektifitas aturan dalam Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Pidana lama dan Revisi Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Pidana (khususnya dalam pasal perzinahan)
Authors: Sinulingga Nur Shabrina 
Published: April 2021

The Criminal Code (KUHP) which is currently in force in Indonesia is a legacy that is still inherited from the Netherlands, so some of the contents of the Article are still incompatible with the culture that developed in Indonesia. One example of the definition of adultery in the Criminal Code is a marital relationship which is committed by a party that one or both are still bound in marriage. Of course this is very contrary to the culture that exists in Indonesia with a majority Muslim population. Indonesian legal experts have drafted the new Criminal Code since 50 (fifty) years ago, then after waiting all the time, finally in 2019, there is a strong discourse that the DPR (House of Representatives) will ratify the new Criminal Code. One of the revised articles in the RKUHP (draft of the Criminal Code) is this adultery article. However, this Article is one that is also a matter of controversy and much opposition.The old KUHP rules especially those relating to adultery are not in accordance with the culture that exists in Indonesia, so that frequently the act of adultery that actually disturbs the public cannot be tried as expected, but in the current development there are also many parties who consider the notion of adultery in the new KUHP too in entering into the private affairs of the Indonesian people they assume the State should not enter into a very private section.The legal basis that can be done is a legal basis that is in accordance with that contained in the Criminal Code Keywords: Criminal Code, Adultery
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja PT. Mara Jaya Dalam Hal Kebebasan Berserikat Menurut Undang-Undang RI Nomor 21 tahun 2000 Tentang serikat pekerja
Authors: Ginting Jauhari 
Published: April 2021

Freedom of association and assembly and also expression of opinion are basic rights possessed by citizens of a democratic sovereignty of the people. Based on this, the problem in this thesis is how to regulate the legal protection of workers in terms of freedom of association, how the implementation of legal protection for workers in terms of freedom of association at PT. Mara Jaya, what are the obstacles in terms of freedom of association implementation and how to overcome these obstacles to PT. Mara Jaya. This writing uses the library research method to study secondary data related to the problems and field research by conducting interviews and collecting data to the Chairman of PT. Mara Jaya Medan.The legal protection arrangement for workers in terms of freedom of association is a guarantee to create a harmonious relationship between workers and employers as partners. Through a healthy industrial relationship, there will be guarantee of an equal position between the worker and the employer, the production process runs smoothly and business activities will not be interrupted and the worker will obtain welfare and guarantee of life until his old age. Implementation of legal protection for workers in terms of freedom of association at PT. Mara Jaya was not initially implemented. However, nowadays, it has been carried out in accordance with the provisions of the legislation that is protecting the rights of members, participating in maintaining order for the continuation of production, distributing aspirations in a democratic manner, developing the skills and
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Karya Cipta Lagu “Hilang” Atas Tindakan Perbanyakan Atas Karya Cipta Tanpa Perjanjian Lisensi (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 192 PK/Pdt.Sus/2010)
Authors: Fahmi Khairil 
Published: April 2021

The development of human creativity in creating a work that can have economic value requires legal protection. This protection is very important to encourage the creative enthusiasm of people. There are some basic principles of the copyright law protection of the sound recordings results in its protection that need to be considered, such as what is protected by copyright is an idea that has been tangible and original. As a result of law enforcement efforts against piracy song or music copyright is regulated in the Article 72 where the law enforcement efforts by the government by providing criminal sanctions and civil sanctions with claims for compensation, the Supreme Court considers the reasons of the Petitioner for Review that these reasons cannot be justified, because the judex juris did not commit an error or a real mistake in deciding the a quo case . In general, the forms of Song or Music copyright piracy are divided into several categories, namely Pirate, Couterfeit and Bootleging. The motive for the piracy is for commercial interests in the form of financial gain. The role of the government in law enforcement dealing with piracy is to provide strict sanctions in the form of confiscation and destruction of goods resulting from Copyright piracy carried out by the government. Keywords: Legal Protection, Copyright, Songs, Propagation Actions, License.