bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune-mediated mechanisms of the inflammatory response in women with combined infections of the lower genital tract
Authors: Dikke G. B. , Sukhanov A. A. , Kukarskaya I. I. , Ostromenskii V. V. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: to increase the effectiveness of combination therapy and reduce frequency of recurrences of inflammatory diseases in the lower genital tract of combined etiology.Materials and Мethods. There was conducted a prospective, randomized, blind, comparative clinical study. 80 women with vaginal microbiota disorders were examined randomized into 2 groups: group I (n = 40) – antibiotic therapy was carried out in combination with the preparation Superlimph, group II (n = 40) – a standalone antibacterial therapy; group III consisted of 20 patients lacking gynecological diseases considered to provide with control laboratory parameters. Clinical and laboratory methods were used: microscopy of vaginal smears, detection of viruses and sexually transmitted infections, measurement of serum cytokine levels – interleukins (IL-1â, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha, (TNF-á), interferon gamma (IFN-ã).Results. It was found that clinical recovery occurred in 90.0 and 70.0 % of patients in group I and group II (р = 0.02), respectively. Microbiological recovery was observed in 100.0 and 67.5 % of patients, respectively (р = 0.003). In group I, the isolation of herpes simplex virus type 2 was found in 80.0 and 45.2 % of patients before and after treatment (p < 0.001), respectively, whereas in group II – in 82.5 and 77.5 %, respectively (p = 0.58), between groups – p < 0.001. Before treatment the level of all cytokines, excepting IFN-ã, was higher than the reference values in both groups: in group I, their magnitude decreased after treatment (p < 0.001) and corresponded to the reference values; in group II no changes occurred. Three months after treatment, no relapses were observed in group I, whereas frequency of relapses in group II was 22.5 %, within 1 year – 0 and 35.1 %, respectively. Predictors of recurrent dysbiosis (IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-á in increased concentrations after a course of treatment) were identified.Conclusion. Treatment with a combined broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug along with topical immunomodulatory agent containing exogenous cytokines is an effective strategy for treating concomitant dysbiosis and preventing relapse.
Ethical context of legally regulated surrogate and genetic motherhood in Russia
Authors: Siluyanova I. V. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: to assess the compliance of legal norms regulating surrogate motherhood and moral concepts about motherhood and childhood in society.Materials and Methods. The Articles 55 (clause 9) of the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation", the principles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and traditional moral concepts common in society of the Russian Federation underwent a comparative analysis.Results. Discrepancies between moral and legal norms were revealed in 3 issues. Issue 1 is related to the rights for surrogacy of unmarried persons and the rights of single citizens. In an ethical context, the statement of their rights does not correspond to the rights of children to a dignified upbringing in a family composed of a mother and father. Issue 2 refers to the ethical incorrectness of compensated surrogacy contracts. Commercial surrogacy cannot be separated from transformed forms of child trafficking. Issue 3 is related to the moral degradation of motherhood upon using technologies of surrogate and genetic motherhood.Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct additional studies on using surrogate motherhood in order to prevent abuse and violations upon its application in Russia as well as open up a public discussion on this matter.
Thrombophilia identified as a risk factor for thrombogenesis in cancer patients
Authors: Vorobev A. V. , Makatsariya A. D. , Bitsadze V. O. , Solopova A. G. , Ponomarev D. A. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: to assess a rate and range of genetic and acquired thrombophilia in onco-gynecologic patients with ovarian cancer, uterine corpus cancer and cervical cancer.Materials and Мethods. A prospective controlled cohort non-randomized interventional study was conducted: within the years 2014 to 2020, there were examined 546 women with genital malignancies, divided into 2 groups: group I – 155 cancer patients with former thrombosis, group II – 391 women with female genital cancer without former thrombotic complications. Control group consisted of 137 patients with benign female genital tumors. The spectrum of circulating APA was studied: antibodies to â2-glycoprotein I (â2-GPI), annexin V and prothrombin as well as genetic thrombophilia due to mutations genes encoding factor V Leiden, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) including polymorphism in genes for prothrombin, platelet glycoproteins and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).Results. It was found that frequency of circulating APA as well as incidence rate of genetic thrombophilia between cancer patients from group I vs. group II significantly differed: APA in group I vs. group II was 86 (55.5 %; p < 0.01) vs. 92 (23.5 %) compared to 7 (5.1 %) in control group. Genetic thrombophilia was dominated in group I by mutated MTHFR (92.9 %), polymorphismin PAI-1 (28.4 %) and platelet glycoprotein (44.5 %) that were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to group II and control group. Hence, it allows to suggest that such identified thrombophilia markers are largely associated with a risk of developing thrombotic complications.Conclusion. Detected high percentage of patients with circulating APA and genetic thrombophilia among cancer patients with former thromboembolic complications corroborate a role for genetic and acquired thrombophilia in developing pre-thrombotic condition. Detecting a range of circulating APA and genetic thrombophilia allows to identify patients who might be referred to a high risk of thrombogenesis and require to preventive application of anticoagulant therapy.
Dos cartas inéditas de la correspondencia de Jovellanos en el archivo de Aureliano Fernández-Guerra y Orbe
Authors: Mirana Valdés Javier 
Published: July 2021

Se editan dos cartas inéditas de Jovellanos a Juan Nepomuceno Cónsul y de José de Espinosa Tello a Jovellanos, depositadas en el archivo de Aureliano Fernández-Guerra y Orbe.PALABRAS CLAVECorrespondencia, Jovellanos, Juan Nepomuceno Cónsul, José de Espinosa Tello, Aureliano Fernández-Guerra y Orbe.Two unreleased letters from Jovellanos to Juan Nepomuceno Cónsul from Espinosa Tello to Jovellanos, both deposited on the archive of Aureliano Fernández-Guerra y Orbe, are published.KEY WORDSCorrespondence Jovellanos, Juan Nepomuceno Cónsul, José Espinosa Tello, Aureliano Fernández-Guerra y Orbe.
Una sugerencia para las iniciales del anónimo traductor de «El contrato social» de Rousseau en 1812
Authors: Rodríguez Morín Felipe 
Published: July 2021

Con el comienzo de la primavera de 1813, el sector más rancio del pueblo mallorquín —y el que no lo era tanto también— se vio convulsionado por la aparición de una traducción de El pacto social de Rousseau. En una remesa de 500 volúmenes, el envío remitido a Mallorca resultó poseer características particulares respecto de la edición matriz de 1500 ejemplares que había alumbrado las prensas valencianas de José Ferrer de Orga en 1812; entra ellas la de haber permutado el título por el subtítulo de la versión original: Principios del derecho político, y la de figurar estampadas en su portada las letras «A. G-M. y S.» como indicación del traductor, sobre las cuales se han venido barajando a lo largo del tiempo distintas teorías, y para las que ahora sugerimos nosotros un candidato.PALABRAS CLAVEPrincipios del derecho político, El contrato social, Antonio García Malo y Sánchez, Pedro Estala, Ignacio García Malo, Rousseau. With the beginning of the spring of 1813, the most reactionayr sector of Majorcan people –and that wich wasn’t so much too- was thrown into upheaval by the publication of translation of El pacto social by Rousseau. In an edition of 500 books the consignment which was delivered to Majorca turned out to have special characteristics with respect to the former edition of 1500 copies which José Ferrer de Orga’s Valencian presses had published in 1812. One of these features was that the title had been exchanged with the subtitle of the original edition: Principios del derecho politico, and that letters «A. G-M. y S.» were printed on its cover as a signal of the translator. These are initials about which several theories have been considered over time and, and for which we now suggest a candidate.KEY WORDSPrincipios del derecho político, El contrato social, Antonio García Malo y Sánchez, Pedro Estala, Ignacio García Malo, Rousseau.
A rapid method for calibrating Willmore seismographs
Authors: Barr K. G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A method is described for calibrating Willmore seismographs. It could be applied to any other electromagnetic seismograph having a galvanometer period substantially shorter than the seismometer period. The method is rapid and involves very little equipment. An overall accuracy of 20% in the velocity sensitivity is easily attainable.
A note on disturbances in a layered medium containing a magnetic field
Authors: Sinha D. K. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
In recent years, Kaliski has contributed a series of papers on the interaction of elastic and magnetic fields and some of them, [1], [2], [3] are concerned with the propagation of waves in a semi-infinite medium either loaded or conditioned otherwise, at its free surface. Such problems, as Kaliski [1] has remarked, may have relevance in the practical seismic problem of detecting the mechanical explosions inside the earth. Moreover, their geophysical implications have also been examined by Knopoff [4[, Cagniard [5], Banos [6], and Rikitake [7]. The present note seeks to investigate disturbances in a medium consisting of two layers (one finite and the other infinite) of elastic medium intervened by a thin layer of vacuum. The vacuum is traversed by an initial magnetic field. The disturbances in the medium are assumed to have been produced by a time-dependent load on the free surface of the medium. The method of Laplace transform has been used to facilitate the solution of the problem.
Wave propagation phenomena at an irregular infinite interface: Part III: Rigid boundary
Authors: Adams W. M. , Schlesinger E. , Schubel E. K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The problem is the scattering of a plane, simple harmonic acoustic wave from a rigid surface. The boundary is taken to be infinite and irregular, as defined in Part I. Numerical results obtained with an IBM 7094 computer are given. Suggestions for further research are presented also.
T phases from 80 Alaskan earthquakes, March 28-31, 1964
Authors: Northrop John 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A large T-phase signal was received at Pt. Sur, California, from the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964. Additional T phases were received from 90 per cent of the 80 aftershocks studied in the Kodiak Island area. The largest T phases were received from hypocenters beneath the upper portion of the continental shelf.
On the general solution of elastic wave equations in a homogeneous medium with applications to the study of earthquake source mechanisms
Authors: Roy Arabinda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The elastic wave equation in an isotropic homogeneous semi-infinite elastic medium has been transformed by a combination of Fourier and Laplace-transforms and the surface displacements due to general force-system in three mutually perpendicular directions have been directly obtained. By suitably specifying the force-system, the surface displacements for all possible types of point sources so far used, have been calculated, obtaining in particular, the results previously derived by Haskell for a dipolar point source of arbitrary direction. It has been shown that now the surface displacement for finite size of the source can be calculated for both body and surface waves. Expressions for the displacements at any point of the medium have been derived, giving in particular the displacements associated with incident wave in the medium, separately.
Origin and properties of microseisms from the standpoint of oscillator theory
Authors: Strobach Klaus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The generally large source area for seawave generated microseisms does not readily allow consideration of these events as unidirectional. Rather, these wave patterns must be due to a complicated interference system, whose properties can be described only by statistics. In this study it is postulated that the generation of microseisms results as the superpositon of the outputs of a large number N of seismic oscillators. These oscillators are randomly distributed both in space and time. This random distribution necessarily implies that the phase angles of incoming waves are randomly distributed too. The statistical properties of the resultant ground motion, outside of the generation area, is investigated theoretically. Special attention is given to the probability distributions of the vertical amplitudes and the horizontal vector amplitudes. Good agreement is found between these theoretical results and the measurements obtained from particle motion diagrams.
Additionally, the theoretical results lead to two methods for determination of the microseismic directions of approach. Both of these techniques were applied to the microseismic storm of January 28, 1963. This storm was generated by a well-developed cyclonic system off the east coast of the United States and Canada. Basic data for the study were obtained from the long-period seismograms of 5 stations (Rolla and Florissant, Mo., Bloomington, Ind., Dubuque, Iowa, and Ann Arbor, Mich.). The resulting analysis gave generation areas off the southern coast of Newfoundland and eastern coast of the United States.
Further use was made of the theory developed to investigate the character of the microseismic waves. This application showed the microseisms to be composed not only of clear, fundamental mode Rayleigh waves, but that Love wave motion was also present. Surprisingly the proportion of Love wave motion was found to be different at different stations. At Rolla, Florissant and Bloomington, it was predominant, while at Dubuque and Ann Arbor the Rayleigh wave motion was dominant.
PcP from the nuclear explosion BILBY September 13, 1963
Authors: Buchbinder Goetz G. R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The core-reflected phase, PcP, from the BILBY event, received at stations between 19° and 88°, arrived early by an average of 1.80 seconds with respect to the Jeffries-Bullen tables. The standard deviation of these data was 0.77 seconds. The corresponding P phases were early by 1.34 seconds. The tables therefore need adjustments. If the core boundary is to be moved by more than 10 km from the value of 2898 km then the mantle seismic velocity immediately above the core must be changed also. The PcP/P amplitude ratios are nearly always much larger than those predicted theoretically.
Catalog of Nevada earthquakes, 1852-1960
Authors: Slemmons David B. , Jones Austin E. , Gimlett James I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNevada earthquakes for the period from about 1852 to 1961 are tabulated on I.B.M. punch cards. During this period 1,173 events with Nevada epicenters were felt, 586 others with Richter magnitudes above 4.0 were recorded and were probably felt by some residents, and approximately 220 were reported in nonspecific terms (e.g. “several aftershocks were felt”). High seismicity of this region is indicated by the fact that on an equal-area basis, during the period 1934-1960, Nevada has had the highest incidence of earthquakes per unit area of any of the conterminous Western States. The seismic activity shows a distinct tendency, statistically inadequate, for a 20-year cycle of activity, with peaks at about 1852(?), 1872, 1894, 1916, 1932-1933, and 1954. The general increase in number of events reported each year correlates well with the increase in Nevada population, but is probably modified by the development of: increasingly sophisticated methods of recording, spacing of seismographic stations, more intensive earthquake investigations of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and changing population density and distritution.A method is developed for correlating between Richter magnitude, earthquake intensity, and size of felt area. This permits estimation of earthquake magnitude for shocks that pre-date instrumental methods of recording.The areal distribution of the earthquake epicenters does not indicate a noticeable change in pattern during this brief historic period, except possible recent intensification of activity near Lake Mead. Seismic activity is concentrated in three zones: a Western Nevada-Eastern California Zone which includes the northern Sierra Nevada frontal faults, Fish Lake Valley-Furnace Creek-Death Valley fault systems and Walker Lane; a 118° Meridian Seismic Zone which contains most of the historic surface faults; and a weak Southern Nevada Transverse Zone that includes the Lake Mead activity.
The earth's mantle
Authors: Leet L. Don , Leet Florence J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It has been generally accepted for some time that the earth's mantle is “solid” (crystalline). But increasing complications arise as attempts are made to rationalize that state of matter with the growing list of properties of the mantle.
We suggest that materials of the earth's mantle are in a fourth state of matter, which we propose calling soliqueous—a combination of solid, liquid, and gaseous. It includes elements for forming water molecules and allows expanding superheated steam to supply the principal force for elevating and distorting land masses.
Bridgman's experiments on plastic deformation of materials at very high pressures revealed that spasmodic jerky yielding is characteristic. We propose plastic rupture in shear as the primary mechanism by which energy in the earth is converted to the vibrations of earthquakes.
Dispersive characteristics of the first three Rayleigh modes for a single surface layer
Authors: Mooney Harold M. , Bolt Bruce A. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
The dispersive characteristics of a single elastic layer overlying an elastic half-space are examined in detail for the fundamental and the first and second higher modes of Rayleigh waves. Phase velocity, group velocity, and the ratio of horizontal to vertical surface displacement are computed as functions of dimensionless quantities proportional to period and wave number.
The significant range for the independent variable, B1T/H, proves to be largely independent of the parameters of the structure. The range is 1 to 20 for the fundamental, 0.3 to cutoff for the first higher mode, and 0.2 to cutoff for the second higher mode.
The most important parameter of the structure for Rayleigh wave dispersion is the shear velocity ratio. Variations in the Poisson's ratio in the surface layer and the density contrast may produce substantial effects. Poisson's ratio in the half-space is of least significance.
The dependence on model parameters of the long-period cutoff for the higher modes is determined.
Specific results are given for the following geophysical examples: continental crust, continental ice cap, sedimentary basin, alluvial overburden, and laboratory seismic models.
Earthquake response of inelastic shear buildings
Authors: Lee S. L. , Perelman D. S. , Fleming J. F. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
A typical multi-story bilinear inelastic shear building is subjected to idealized earthquake motions. The dependence of the deflection of the structure, the maximum shear in each story, and the extent of the plastic deformation upon the period and amplitude of the earthquake, and the strain hardening coefficient of the structural material is shown. It is noted that, at least within the scope of this study, the maximum shears in the stories of the building are larger than the minimum seismic shear requirements of most of the building codes.
Amplitudes and energies of primary seismic waves near the hardhat, haymaker, and shoal nuclear explosions
Authors: Trembly Lynn D. , Berg Joseph W. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
Records of near-source (0.3 to 20 km) primary seismic waves generated by the Hardhat, Haymaker, and Shoal underground nuclear explosions were analyzed in terms of displacement amplitude and energy variations with distance. The observed data were compared to similar data from a theoretical source model to determine the adequacy of the theoretical model.
There was evidence that a long-period displacement field existed near the explosions as predicted by the theoretical source. Scatter in the observed amplitude data made it difficult to distinguish between the long-period and the radiation fields. However, the variation of total energy of the observed primary seismic waves with distance showed the presence of the long-period field.
The comparison of observed and theoretical data indicates that a theoretical elastic source model approximated the observed sources.
A statistical discussion of Pn residuals from explosions
Authors: Freedman Helen W. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
The problem of the statistical treatment of large numbers of Pn residuals is considered, using travel times to stations in California and Nevada from 43 explosions in Nevada. Techniques of data selection and weighting of observations are developed in order to estimate the distribution of residuals and to estimate station adjustments to Jeffreys-Bullen travel times. A new simple method of estimating the mean of a normal population from a truncated sample is given. An approximate analysis of variance showed a significant variation from one explosion to another in the mean Pn travel time. On the average, large magnitude explosions, detonated in metamorphic rock produced shortest, and most reliable, travel times. The station adjustments also differed significantly, ranging from −0.0 seconds at Fresno to −1.3 seconds at Calistoga; confidence intervals about the station adjustments had half lengths of the order of half a second. The results have implications for seismic studies which depend upon estimates of such station adjustments.
P-wave coupling of underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Springer Donald L. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
P-wave amplitude data for underground nuclear explosions are correlated with detonation energy. Amplitudes are reproducible to 25 per cent when source media and propagation path differences are minimized. These data verify theoretical scaling relationships and establish relative coupling for various shot media. An empirical correlation of these amplitude data with dry porosity of the detonation medium indicates that a medium with 60 per cent dry porosity may couple explosive energy one-fourth or one-fifth as efficiently as does alluvium. The relationship of teleseismic magnitude to explosive yield for various types of low coupling shows that dry porous media give a significant reduction of seismic signals generated by underground nuclear explosions.
Use of reciprocity theorem for obtaining Rayleigh wave radiation patterns
Authors: Gupta I. N. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
The reciprocity theorem is used to obtain Rayleigh wave radiation patterns from sources on the surface of or within an elastic semi-infinite medium. Nine elementary line sources first considered are: horizontal and vertical forces, horizontal and vertical double forces without moment, horizontal and vertical single couples, center of dilatation (two dimensional case), center of rotation, and double couple without moment.
The results are extended to the three dimensional case of similar point sources in a homogeneous half space. Haskell's results for the radiation patterns of Rayleigh waves from a fault of arbitrary dip and direction of motion are reproduced in a much simpler manner. Numerical results on the effect of the depth of these sources on the Rayleigh wave amplitudes are shown for a solid having Poisson's ratio of 0.25.