bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrode-induced impurities in tin halide perovskite solar cell material CsSnBr3 from first principles
Authors: Liang Yuhang , Cui Xiangyuan , Li Feng , Stampfl Catherine , Ringer Simon P. , Zheng Rongkun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAll-inorganic lead-free CsSnBr3 is attractive for applications in solar cells due to its nontoxicity and stability, but the device performance to date has been poor. Besides the intrinsic properties, impurities induced from electrodes may significantly influence the device performance. Here, we systematically studied the stability, transition energy levels, and diffusion of impurities from the most commonly used electrodes (Au, Ag, Cu, graphite, and graphene) in CsSnBr3 based on density functional theory calculations. Our results reveal that, whereas graphite and graphene electrodes exhibit negligible influence on CsSnBr3 due to the relatively high formation energies for carbon impurities in CsSnBr3, atoms from the metal electrodes can effectively diffuse into CsSnBr3 along interstice and form electrically active impurities in CsSnBr3. In this case, a significant amount of donor interstitial impurities, such as $$Ag_i^ +$$

A

g

i

+

, $$Cu_i^ +$$

C

u

i

+

, and $$Au_i^ +$$

A

u

i

+

, will be formed under p-type conditions, whereas the Sn-site substitutional acceptor impurities, namely $$Au_{Sn}^{2 - }$$

A

u

S
n

2
−

, $$Ag_{Sn}^{2 - }$$

A

g

S
n

2
−

, and $$Cu_{Sn}^{2 - }$$

C

u

S
n

2
−

, are the dominant impurities, especially under n-type conditions. In particular, except for $$Au_i^ +$$

A

u

i

+

, all these major impurities from the metal electrodes act as nonradiative recombination centers in CsSnBr3 and significantly degrade the device performance. Our work highlights the distinct behaviors of the electrode impurities in CsSnBr3 and their influence on the related devices and provides valuable information for identifying suitable electrodes for optoelectronic applications.
Evidence for self-sustaining populations of Arcuatula senhousia in the UK and a review of this species’ potential impacts within Europe
Authors: Watson Gordon James , Dyos Jesie , Barfield Peter , Stebbing Paul , Dey Kate Gabrielle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe invasive Asian date mussel (Arcuatula senhousia) inhabits diverse global coastal environments, in some circumstances posing significant ecological and economic risks. Recently recorded in the Greater North Sea ecoregion, an established population has not previously been confirmed. Combining historical and field data, we provided baseline information from the UK and recorded colonisation in a variety of habitats. Gonadal development was assessed using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) to determine if an intertidal soft-sediment population is self-sustaining. Arcuatula senhousia records from subtidal muddy/mixed-sediment within a major estuarine system from 2007 to 2016 were also analysed. First detected in 2011, spatial distribution was variable across the years within the subtidal, with individuals found at 4–9 out of 25 sites, and densities per site varying from 10 to 290 individuals per m2. The intertidal population was, in part, associated with seagrass (Zostera spp.) and attached to bivalves. In marinas, individuals were attached to concrete tiles, associated with live Mytilus edulis, and to dead Ostrea edulis. Mean GSI from the intertidal population differed across months, peaking in July before declining in September/October, but with high inter-individual variability. Arcuatula senhousia is reproducing and maintaining viable populations. Using a natural capital approach, we identify the potential impacts on Europe’s functionally important habitats, fisheries and aquaculture if its spread continues.
Bioremediation of clay with high oil content and biological response after restoration
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Li Jinling , Qu Chengtun , Yu Tao , Du Mingming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe clay with high oil content form soil lumps, which is hard for microbes to repair. In this paper, the bioaugmentation and biostimulation technology were applied to improve the bioremediation effect of the soil with high oil content, that modified by local cow dung and sandy soil, the ecological toxicity of the soil after restoration was further analyzed. After 53 days of bioremediation, the degradation efficiency with respect to the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) content reached 76.9% ± 2.2%. The soil bacterial count of M5 group reached log10 CFU/g soil = 7.69 ± 0.03 and the results were better than other experimental groups. The relative abundances of petroleum-degrading bacteria added to M5 remained high (Achromobacter 9.44%, Pseudomonas 31.06%, and Acinetobacter 14.11%), and the proportions of some other indigenous bacteria (Alcanivorax and Paenibacillus) also increased. The toxicity of the bioremediated soil was reduced by seed germination and earthworm survival experiments.
Intra-urban microclimate investigation in urban heat island through a novel mobile monitoring system
Authors: Kousis Ioannis , Pigliautile Ilaria , Pisello Anna Laura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMonitoring microclimate variables within cities with high accuracy is an ongoing challenge for a better urban resilience to climate change. Assessing the intra-urban characteristics of a city is of vital importance for ensuring fine living standards for citizens. Here, a novel mobile microclimate station is applied for monitoring the main microclimatic variables regulating urban and intra-urban environment, as well as directionally monitoring shortwave radiation and illuminance and hence systematically map for the first time the effect of urban surfaces and anthropogenic heat. We performed day-time and night-time monitoring campaigns within a historical city in Italy, characterized by substantial urban structure differentiations. We found significant intra-urban variations concerning variables such as air temperature and shortwave radiation. Moreover, the proposed experimental framework may capture, for the very first time, significant directional variations with respect to shortwave radiation and illuminance across the city at microclimate scale. The presented mobile station represents therefore the key missing piece for exhaustively identifying urban environmental quality, anthropogenic actions, and data driven modelling toward risk and resilience planning. It can be therefore used in combination with satellite data, stable weather station or other mobile stations, e.g. wearable sensing techniques, through a citizens’ science approach in smart, livable, and sustainable cities in the near future.
Mitochondrial calcium uniporter is essential for hearing and hair cell preservation in congenic FVB/NJ mice
Authors: Manikandan Mayakannan , Walker Steven , Deshmukh Aditi R. , Perea Elizabeth , Wang Danqi , Alagramam Kumar N. , Stepanyan Ruben 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMitochondrial Ca2+ regulates a wide range of cell processes, including morphogenesis, metabolism, excitotoxicity, and survival. In cochlear hair cells, the activation of mechano-electrical transduction and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels result in a large influx of Ca2+. The intracellular rise in Ca2+ is partly balanced by the mitochondria which rapidly uptakes Ca2+ via a highly selective channel comprised of the main pore-forming subunit, the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), and associated regulatory proteins. MCU thus contributes to Ca2+ buffering, ensuring cytosolic homeostasis, and is posited to have a critical role in hair cell function and hearing. To test this hypothesis, Ca2+ homeostasis in hair cells and cochlear function were investigated in FVB/NJ mice carrying the knockout allele of Mcu (Mcu+/− or Mcu−/−). The Mcu knockout allele, which originated in C57BL/6 strain cosegregated along with Cdh23ahl allele to the FVB/NJ strain, due to the close proximity of these genes. Neither Mcu+/− nor Mcu−/− genotypes affected cochlear development, morphology, or Ca2+ homeostasis of auditory hair cells in the first two postnatal weeks. However, Mcu−/− mice displayed high-frequency hearing impairment as early as 3 weeks postnatal, which then progressed to profound hearing loss at all frequencies in about 6 months. In Mcu+/− mice, significantly elevated ABR thresholds were observed at 6 months and 9 months of age only at 32 kHz frequency. In three-month-old Mcu−/− mice, up to 18% of the outer hair cells and occasionally some inner hair cells were missing in the mid-cochlear region. In conclusion, mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter is not required for the development of cochlea in mice, but is essential for hearing and hair cell preservation in congenic FVB/NJ mice.
A putative “chemokine switch” that regulates systemic acute inflammation in humans
Authors: Azhar Nabil , Namas Rami A. , Almahmoud Khalid , Zaaqoq Akram , Malak Othman A. , Barclay Derek , Yin Jinling , El-Dehaibi Fayten , Abboud Andrew , Simmons Richard L. , Zamora Ruben , Billiar Timothy R. , Vodovotz Yoram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSystemic inflammation is complex and likely drives clinical outcomes in critical illness such as that which ensues following severe injury. We obtained time course data on multiple inflammatory mediators in the blood of blunt trauma patients. Using dynamic network analyses, we inferred a novel control architecture for systemic inflammation: a three-way switch comprising the chemokines MCP-1/CCL2, MIG/CXCL9, and IP-10/CXCL10. To test this hypothesis, we created a logical model comprising this putative architecture. This model predicted key qualitative features of systemic inflammation in patient sub-groups, as well as the different patterns of hospital discharge of moderately vs. severely injured patients. Thus, a rational transition from data to data-driven models to mechanistic models suggests a novel, chemokine-based mechanism for control of acute inflammation in humans and points to the potential utility of this workflow in defining novel features in other complex diseases.
Mesorhizobium ciceri as biological tool for improving physiological, biochemical and antioxidant state of Cicer aritienum (L.) under fungicide stress
Authors: Shahid Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Saghir , Syed Asad , Marraiki Najat , Elgorban Abdallah M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFungicides among agrochemicals are consistently used in high throughput agricultural practices to protect plants from damaging impact of phytopathogens and hence to optimize crop production. However, the negative impact of fungicides on composition and functions of soil microbiota, plants and via food chain, on human health is a matter of grave concern. Considering such agrochemical threats, the present study was undertaken to know that how fungicide-tolerant symbiotic bacterium, Mesorhizobium ciceri affects the Cicer arietinum crop while growing in kitazin (KITZ) stressed soils under greenhouse conditions. Both in vitro and soil systems, KITZ imparted deleterious impacts on C. arietinum as a function of dose. The three-time more of normal rate of KITZ dose detrimentally but maximally reduced the germination efficiency, vigor index, dry matter production, symbiotic features, leaf pigments and seed attributes of C. arietinum. KITZ-induced morphological alterations in root tips, oxidative damage and cell death in root cells of C. arietinum were visible under scanning electron microscope (SEM). M. ciceri tolerated up to 2400 µg mL−1 of KITZ, synthesized considerable amounts of bioactive molecules including indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA), 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, siderophores, exopolysaccharides (EPS), hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and solubilised inorganic phosphate even in fungicide-stressed media. Following application to soil, M. ciceri improved performance of C. arietinum and enhanced dry biomass production, yield, symbiosis and leaf pigments even in a fungicide-polluted environment. At 96 µg KITZ kg−1 soil, M. ciceri maximally and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) augmented the length of plants by 41%, total dry matter by 18%, carotenoid content by 9%, LHb content by 21%, root N by 9%, shoot P by 11% and pod yield by 15% over control plants. Additionally, the nodule bacterium M. ciceri efficiently colonized the plant rhizosphere/rhizoplane and considerably decreased the levels of stressor molecules (proline and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defence enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidise (APX), guaiacol peroxidise (GPX), catalase (CAT) and peroxidises (POD) of C. arietinum plants when inoculated in soil. The symbiotic strain effectively colonized the plant rhizosphere/rhizoplane. Conclusively, the ability to endure higher fungicide concentrations, capacity to secrete plant growth modulators even under fungicide pressure, and inherent features to lower the level of proline and plant defence enzymes makes this M. ciceri as a superb choice for augmenting the safe production of C. arietinum even under fungicide-contaminated soils.
Influence of intraoperative vasopressor use on indocyanine green fluorescence angiography: first evaluation in an experimental model
Authors: Al-Taher Mahdi , Pruimboom Tim , Schols Rutger M. , Okamoto Nariaki , Bouvy Nicole D. , Stassen Laurents P. S. , van der Hulst René R. W. J. , Kugler Michael , Hostettler Alexandre , Noll Eric , Marescaux Jacques , Diemunsch Sophie , Diana Michele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography has gained popularity and acceptance in many surgical fields for the real-time assessment of tissue perfusion. Although vasopressors have the potential to preclude an accurate assessment of tissue perfusion, there is a lack of literature with regards to its effect on ICG fluorescence angiography. An experimental porcine model was used to expose the small bowel for quantitative tissue perfusion assessment. Three increasing doses of norepinephrine infusion (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 µg/kg/min) were administered intravenously over a 25-min interval. Time-to-peak fluorescence intensity (TTP) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included absolute fluorescence intensity and local capillary lactate (LCL) levels. Five large pigs (mean weight: 40.3 ± 4.24 kg) were included. There was no significant difference in mean TTP (in seconds) at baseline (4.23) as compared to the second (3.90), third (4.41), fourth (4.60), and fifth ICG assessment (5.99). As a result of ICG accumulation, the mean and the maximum absolute fluorescence intensity were significantly different as compared to the baseline assessment. There was no significant difference in LCL levels (in mmol/L) at baseline (0.74) as compared to the second (0.82), third (0.64), fourth (0.60), and fifth assessment (0.62). Increasing doses of norepinephrine infusion have no significant influence on bowel perfusion using ICG fluorescence angiography.
Development and validation of a visual field cluster in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Omoto Takashi , Oishi Akio , Asaoka Ryo , Fujino Yuri , Murata Hiroshi , Azuma Keiko , Miyata Manabu , Obata Ryo , Inoue Tatsuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim was to establish and evaluate a new clustering method for visual field (VF) test points to predict future VF in retinitis pigmentosa. A Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 test was clustered using total deviation values from 858 VFs. We stratified 68 test points into 24 sectors. Then, mean absolute error (MAE) of the sector-wise regression with them (S1) was evaluated using 196 eyes with 10 VF sequences and compared to pointwise linear regression (PLR), mean sensitivity of total area (MS) and also another sector-wise regression basing on VF mapping for glaucoma (29 sectors; S2). MAE with S1 were smaller than with PLR when between the first-third and first-seventh VFs were used. MAE with the method were significantly smaller than those of S2 when between the first-sixth and first-ninth VFs were used. The MAE of MS was smaller than those with S1 only when first to 3rd and first to 4th VFs were used; however, the prediction accuracy became far larger than any other methods when larger number of VFs were used. More accurate prediction was achieved using this new sector-wise regression than with PLR. In addition, the obtained cluster was more useful than that for glaucoma to predict progression.
An unconventional route to an ambipolar azaheterocycle and its in situ generated radical anion
Authors: Das Sarasija , Choudhury Anwesha , Mandal Arnab , Kumar Chandan , Ranjan Sahoo Smruti , Bedi Anjan , Shekhar Karmakar Himadri , Gopal Ghosh Nani , Dey Somnath , Krishnan Iyer Parameswar , Bhattacharyya Sayan , Zade Sanjio S. 
Published: May 2021

FeCl3 mediated C–N coupling leads to an azaheterocycle, which undergoes one-electron reduction to form a fairly stable radical anion in situ. The azaheterocycle material showed balanced ambipolar charge transport in SCLC devices.
A fourth‐order incremental ADC in three‐step
Authors: Huang Jia‐Sheng , Kuo Shih‐Che , Kao Chia‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Hsu Che‐Wei , Chen Chia‐Hung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis letter presents a second‐order incremental ADC (IADC) operated in three steps, which extends the performance of a second‐order IADC close to that of a fourth‐order IADC with only two amplifiers. It performs a second‐order noise‐shaping quantization in the first step operation. Reusing the same hardware, the circuit is reconfigured to perform fine quantization as a first‐order IADC in the second and third step. Within a conversion time of 60 clock periods (oversampling ratio OSR = 60), 35 dB signal‐to‐quantization‐noise ratio is boosted. The proposed topology is very suitable for low‐bandwidth high‐resolution data conversion.
Research on the application of Lean production mode in enterprises——Take Desi fogg company for example
Authors: Ji Xiaoli 
Published: May 2021

Lean production is the third milestone of industrialization in human history. This is a revolutionary production and operation practice. Its core idea is to reduce waste, establish an efficient production system, improve corporate profits. It represents the direction in which manufacturing, or manufacturing standards, are moving today. With the continuous advancement of the information revolution, manufacturing enterprises must re-integrate external environmental information, transform their ideas and methods, and at the same time use big data and artificial intelligence to strengthen the manufacturing industry and form a new production mode.
This article expounds the theory of lean production and basic methods from the perspective of big data and artificial intelligence. It combined with desi fogg existing organizational structure, site management, quality management, product development, production organization, problems existed in the aspects of applied research in the core of lean production ideas and principles, proposed the desi fogg lean production plan, and solve the management problems of the production process and waste of resources, establish the enterprise system of lean production system, and improve the level of the site management、 production quality and enterprise competitiveness.
Erythema elevatum et diutinum – eine mögliche IgA-vermittelte Reaktion nach einer Behandlung mit Adalimumab
Authors: Al-Gburi S. , Appelt L. , Beissert S. , Aschoff R. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Erythema elevatum et diutinum ist eine eigenständige Form der leukozytoklastischen Vaskulitis, die mit systemischen Krankheiten assoziiert sein kann. Hier präsentieren wir Ihnen einen Patienten, der nach jahrelanger Therapie mit Adalimumab schmerzhafte Knoten an den Füßen und Knien entwickelte. Begleitend zeigte sich eine prominente (polyklonale) IgA-Hypergammaglobulinämie ohne Anhalt für eine hämatoonkologische Grunderkrankung. Dapson erwies sich als eine effektive Therapieoption.
Bullöses Sweet-Syndrom nach einem Zeckenstich
Authors: Heil J. , Abraham S. , Eckardt C. , Laske J. , Beissert S. , Günther C. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen Patienten, der eine Woche nach einem Zeckenstich Fieber und Papulovesikel entwickelte. Eine disseminierte Borrelien-Infektion sowie eine blasenbildende Erkrankung konnte ausgeschlossen werden. Sowohl klinisch als auch histologisch bestätigte sich ein bullöses Sweet-Syndrom, sodass eine systemische Steroidtherapie begonnen wurde. Darunter besserten sich die Beschwerden des Patienten rasch.Die Umfelddiagnostik ergab weder Hinweise auf eine hämatologische Erkrankung noch auf eine Medikamenteneinnahme als Auslöser. Dieser Fall deutet darauf hin, dass auch Arthropodenstiche als Trigger für ein Sweet-Syndrom in Betracht gezogen werden können.
Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines Enables the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical N,N′-Disubstituted Ureas
Authors: Zeng Honglan , Du Hongyan , Han Wei , Gong Xu , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA ligand-free palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative carbonylation of amines for the synthesis of ureas, particular unsymmetrically N,N′-disubstituted ureas, which cannot be accessed by any other palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of amines to date, is presented. An array of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ureas were straightforwardly synthesized by using inexpensive, readily available, stable, and safe amines with good to excellent yields under a pressure of 1 atm. This novel method employs oxygen as the sole oxidant and offers an attractive alternative to transition-metal-based oxidant systems
Polymers Made by Inverse Vulcanization for Use as Mercury Sorbents
Authors: Chalker Justin M. , Mann Maximilian , Worthington Max J. H. , Esdaile Louisa J. 
Published: May 2021

Inverse vulcanization is a process in which highly abundant and low-cost elemental sulfur is copolymerized with an unsaturated organic molecule such as a polyene. This process has provided a variety of useful materials with high sulfur content—typically 50% or greater in sulfur by mass. These materials have garnered increasing interest in research as sorbents for mercury, due to the high affinity of sulfur for mercury. In this review, the features of mercury sorbents made by inverse vulcanization are presented. Additionally, case studies are provided to illustrate the variety of polymer architectures accessible with this chemistry, the versatility of these materials in mercury remediation, and prospects for industrial use.1 Introduction2 Sulfur Polymers by Inverse Vulcanization3 Sulfur Polymers as Mercury Sorbents4 Increasing Surface Area to Improve Mercury Uptake5 Crosslinker Considerations6 Sorption of Different Forms of Mercury7 Life-Cycle Management8 Conclusions and Outlook