bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relações Brasil-Suriname: fronteira, garimpo e imigração no século XXI
Authors: Pereira Carneiro Camilo , Da Silva Soares Scharmory , Ramos Guedes Lichtenthaler Hana Karoline 
Published: February 2021

<p>As relações do Brasil com o Suriname são recentes. O país, antiga colônia neerlandesa obteve a independência no ano de 1975. Apesar do extremo desconhecimento e da ausência de informações na mídia brasileira acerca do Suriname o país conta com uma população de cidadãos brasileiros estimada em 40.000 pessoas. A capital Paramaribo possui um bairro habitado pela comunidade brasileira (<em>Tourtonne</em>) chamado Belenzinho. Os fluxos entre os dois países contam com um voo semanal entre Belém e a capital surinamense. Recentemente novos projetos para a região de fronteira foram anunciados pelo governo brasileiro. Face ao exposto o presente trabalho objetiva analisar o nível de participação da comunidade brasileira na sociedade surinamense e aferir as influências da presença brasileira na economia, na política e na cultura daquele país. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, sob a ótica das Relações Internacionais, pautada em análise bibliográfica e enriquecida com cartografia elaborada por autores.</p>
Disciplina e controle: liames, distanciamentos, questões
Authors: De Freitas Felipe Sampaio , Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira 
Published: February 2021

<p>O artigo propõe o esclarecimento de alguns importantes termos que estão presentes no trajeto filosófico de Michel Foucault e Gilles Deleuze, no período que se enquadra em meados dos anos setenta, no caso do primeiro; e, no início dos anos noventa, no caso do último. São eles: a noção de <em>poder disciplinar</em>; <em>poder soberano</em>; e <em>sociedades de controle</em>. O intuito disto é não apenas entendê-los, mas mostrar ao leitor como estão, de certa maneira, intrínsecos, apontando também seus eventuais distanciamentos, para, acima de tudo, provoca-lo a uma crítica contemporânea do capital. Nossa metodologia inclui, basicamente, a utilização de obras e cursos de Michel Foucault e Gilles Deleuze, bem como da análise de alguns de seus principais comentadores.</p>
Língua e Identidade: a relação entre os usos da Língua Apurinã (Aruák) e a cultura do povo
Authors: Da Costa Patricia Do Nascimento , Facundes Sidney Da Silva 
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar elementos da língua Apurinã (Aruák) que demonstrem traços da cultura do seu povo, como aspectos sobre o modo de vida, a visão de mundo, os conhecimentos e valores tradicionais e o envolvimento com valores externos às suas experiências de vida, se configurando como um recorte de pesquisa que resultou em minha dissertação de mestrado. Nesse sentido, apontamos características do uso da língua reveladores da identidade dos Apurinã, que vivem próximos aos afluentes do rio Purus, região sudeste do estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados envolvem levantamento bibliográfico sobre os estudos de identidade e os referenciais que relacionam tais estudos aos pressupostos teóricos da linguística, além da análise dos dados que foram coletados em viagens de campo. Também foram consultados trabalhos sobre a língua Apurinã, realizados pelo professor doutor Sidney da Silva Facundes, da Universidade Federal do Pará, e de seus alunos ao longo de mais de vinte anos em pesquisas. A presente investigação faz-se relevante por agregar informações, levantar questões e propor respostas relacionadas aos estudos sobre a língua Apurinã de forma a revelar, a partir de dados linguísticos, aspectos relativos à cultura e aos costumes. Além da contribuição acadêmica, este estudo também se justifica por integrar, junto a outros elementos, um conjunto de informações capazes de corroborar a legitimação deste povo, sua cultura e seu direito de existir socialmente. Os traços da identidade Apurinã evidenciados neste estudo são descritos, como um recorte da dissertação mencionada, principalmente, na perspectiva da sua relação com os seres da natureza.
Cleaning Methods and Materials for Removable Orthodontic Appliances: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: AYDOĞAN AKGÜN Filiz 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to identify the recommendations of orthodontists practicing in Turkey to their patients regarding the cleaning of removable orthodontic appliances (ROAs) and to analyse whether their advice was promoted by the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A questionnaire link was sent via an e-mail to 1018 members of the Turkish Orthodontic Society,including an informative letter about the study. A total of 133 orthodontists answered the questionnaire acceptably. Almost all participants of this study recommended their patients to brush ROAs (94.7%). A majority of orthodontists advised to use a cleaning agent besides brushing. Patients were advised to brush generally two or three times a day and use the cleaning agent less often. A total of 77.4% of the participants stated that the COVID-19 pandemic did not change their recommendations regarding the cleaning of ROAs. A prevalent cleaning method advised by respondents was brushing. Taking into consideration the COVID-19 pandemic, orthodontists in Turkey had better increase prescription of a chemical cleaning agent for ROAs.Please click here for the supplementary survey.
Sleep Hygiene and Happiness Levels of University Students Studying in Health-Related Departments
Authors: PEKMEZCİ PURUT Hilal , GENÇ KÖSE Burcu , TÜRKER Barış , AŞIK ÖZDEMİR Vacide , KEFELİ ÇOL Bahar 
Published: February 2021

This study was planned in a descriptive and cross-sectional design to explore the sleep hygiene and happiness levels of university students studying in health-related departments and associated factors. The sample of the study comprised of 362 registered students at the Vocational School of Health Services between 1 and 30 January 2019, in the fall semester of 2019-2020. The “Descriptive Information Form” including socio-demographic characteristics and habits, the “Sleep Hygiene Index” and the “Oxford Happiness Questionnaire” were used to collect data. SPSS 21.0 program was used in the statistical analysis of the data. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum and percentage parameters were used in the distribution of the data. In this study, data were distributed normally, so parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Student t-test was used for two independent variables and the One Way Anova test was used for more than two independent variables. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between parameters. The study revealed that 80.9% of the students in the study were female, 62.2% lived in a state dormitory, 78.7% did not smoke, 60.5% slept an average of 6-8 hours a day, and 91.2% had no chronic disease. The mean Sleep Hygiene Index scores of smokers, men, those who studied in the anesthesia program, those stayed in the state dormitory, those who drunk caffeinated beverages after 18:00, those who slept for 8 hours or more, and those who woke up unrefreshed were found to be significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05). It was also observed that those who woke up refreshed had a significantly higher level of happiness (P &lt; 0.05).
Viscoelasticity measured by shear wave elastography in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: comparison with dynamic mechanical analysis
Authors: Pi Zhaoke , Wang Mengke , Lin Haoming , Guo Yanrong , Chen Siping , Diao Xianfen , Xia Hui , Liu Guoqiang , Zeng Jie , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming one of the most common liver diseases. Ultrasound elastography has been used for the diagnosis of NAFLD. However, clinical research on steatosis by elastography technology has mainly focused on steatosis with fibrosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), while steatosis without fibrosis has been poorly studied. Moreover, the relationship between liver viscoelasticity and steatosis grade is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the degree of liver steatosis in a simple steatosis rat model using shear wave elastography (SWE). Results: The viscoelasticity values of 69 rats with hepatic steatosis were measured quantitatively by SWE in vivo and validated by a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test. Pathological sections were used to determine the steatosis grading for each rat. The results showed that the elasticity values obtained by the two methods followed the same trend, and is significantly correlated with liver steatosis. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients indicate that obtained by SWE is positively linear correlated with DMA (r = 0.628, p = 7.85×10-9). However, the obtained by SWE were relatively independent of those obtained by DMA with a correlation coefficient of −0.01. The combined Voigt elasticity measurements have high validity in the prediction of steatosis (S0 vs S1-S4), with an AUROC of 0.755 (95% CI = 0.6175-0.8925, p < 0.01) and the optimal cutoff value was 2.08 kPa with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 63%.Conclusion: SWE might have the feasibility to be introduced as an auxiliary technique for NAFLD patients in clinical settings. However, the viscosity results measured by the two methods are significantly different because the two methods work in different frequency bands.
Relationship between the density of tatami stores and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Japan
Authors: Iwasaki Soshi , Kigawa Yoshiyasu , Takahashi Kazunobu , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although the primary mechanism for the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is through respiratory droplets (1), the virus that causes COVID-19 can survive on smooth surfaces (e.g., stainless steel, plastic, glass) for days at low temperatures (2). Surface transmission represents a possible route of infection, as unwashed hands that touch a contaminated surface can transfer the virus to mucous membranes (e.g., eyes, nose, mouth) (3). However, it is difficult to observe disease transmission directly. Therefore, the Japanese Cluster Countermeasures team has identified the “Three Cs”—Closed spaces with poor ventilation, Crowded places, and Close-contact settings—as factors to avoid to prevent COVID-19 clusters. Identifying other environmental factors that increase or decrease the number of infections would be useful to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a shoe-related transmission model and enhance COVID-19 transmission route precautions by investigating the associations between the prevalence of COVID-19 and both population density and the distribution of tatami stores in each prefecture in Japan. As a result, a significant negative relationship was observed between the number of tatami stores per 100,000 population and the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths.
Tile: Combination Therapy of Zinc and Trimethoprim Inhibits Influenza A Virus In Chick Embryo
Authors: Habbal Magdi El , Habbal Magdi H EL 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background. Respiratory RNA viruses including influenza virus have been a cause of health and economic hardships. These viruses depend on its host for replication and infection. Influenza virus infection is lethal to the chick embryo. We examined whether a combination of trimethoprim and zinc (Tri-Z), that acts on the host, can reduce the lethal effect of influenza A virus in chick embryo model. Method. Influenza virus was isolated from patients and propagated in eggs. We determined viral load that infects 50% of eggs (50% egg lethal dose, ELD50). We introduced 10 ELD50 into embryonated eggs and repeated the experiments using 100 ELD50. A mixture of zinc oxide (Zn) and trimethoprim (TMP) (weight / weight ratios ranged from 0.01 to 0.3, Zn/TMP with increment of 0.1) was tested for embryo survival of the infection (n = 12 per ratio, in triplicates). Embryo survival was determined by candling eggs daily for 7 days. Controls of Zn, TMP, saline or convalescent serum were conducted in parallel. The effect of Tri-Z on virus binding to its cell surface receptor was evaluated in a hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay using chicken red cells. Tri-Z was prepared to concentration of 10 mg TMP and 1.8 mg Zn per ml, then serial dilutions were made. HAI effect was expressed as scores where ++++ = no effect; 0 = complete HAI effect.Results. TMP, Zn or saline separately had no effect on embryo survival, none of the embryos survived influenza virus infection. All embryos treated with convalescent serum survived. Tri-Z, at ratio range of 0.15 to 0.2 (optimal ratio of 0.18) Zn / TMP, enabled embryos to survive influenza virus despite increasing viral load (>80% survival at optimal ratio). At concentration of 15 microgram/ml of optimal ratio, Tri-Z had total HAI effect (scored 0). However, at clinical concentration of 5 microgram/ml, Tri-Z had partial HAI effect (++).Conclusion. Acting on host cells, Tri-Z at optimal ratio can reduce the lethal effect of influenza A virus in chick embryo. Tri-Z has HAI effect. These findings suggest that combination of trimethoprim and zinc at optimal ratio can be provided as treatment for influenza and possibly other respiratory RNA viruses infection in man.
Bronze Age to Medieval vegetation dynamics and landscape anthropization in the central pre-Pyrenees&nbsp;
Authors: Rull Valentí , Vegas-Vilarrúbia Teresa , Corella Juan Pablo , Valero-Garcé Blas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The varved sediments of Lake Montcortès (central Pre-Pyrenees) have provided a continuous high-resolution record of the last ca. 3000 years. Previous chronological and sedimentological studies of this record have furnished detailed paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, palynological studies are only available for the last millennium, when the landscape around the lake had already been transformed by humans. Therefore, the primeval vegetation of Montcortès and the history of its anthropogenic transformations remains unknown. This paper presents a palynological analysis of the interval between the Late Bronze Age and the Early Medieval period, aimed at recording the preanthropic conditions, the anthropization onset and the further landscape transformations. During the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1100 BCE to 770 BCE), the vegetation did not show any evidence of human impact. The decisive anthropogenic transformation of the Montcortès catchment vegetation and landscape started at the beginning of the Iron Age (770 BCE) and continued during Roman and Medieval times in the form of recurrent burning, grazing, cultivation, silviculture and hemp retting. Some intervals of lower human pressure were recorded, but the original vegetation never returned. The anthropization that took place during the Iron Age did not cause relevant changes in the sediment yield to the lake, but a significant limnological shift occurred, as manifested in the initiation of varve formation, a process that has been continuous until today. Climatic shifts seem to have played a secondary role in influencing vegetation and landscape changes. These results contrast with previous inferences of low anthropogenic impact until the Medieval Period, at a regional level. It could be interesting to verify whether the same pattern – i.e., Iron Age anthropization and Early Medieval intensification of human pressure – may be a recurrent pattern for mid-elevation Pyrenean landscapes below the tree line.
Serum Anti-AP3D1 Antibodies Are Risk Factors for Acute Ischemic Stroke Related With Atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Shu-Yang , Yoshida Yoichi , Kobayashi Eiichi , Kubota Masaaki , Matsutani Tomoo , Mine Seiichiro , Machida Toshio , Maezawa Yoshiro , Takemoto Minoru , Yokote Koutaro , Kobayashi Yoshio , Takizawa Hirotaka , Sata Mizuki , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Iso Hiroyasu , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro , Kobayashi Sohei , Matsushita Kazuyuki , Nomura Fumio , Matsubara Hisahiro , Sumazaki Makoto , Ito Masaaki , Yajima Satoshi , Shimada Hideaki , Iwase Katsuro , Ashino Hiromi , Wang Hao , Goto Kenichiro , Tomiyoshi Go , Shinmen Natsuko , Nakamura Rika , Kuroda Hideyuki , Iwadate Yasuo , Hiwasa Takaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been considered as the main cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability worldwide. The first screening for antigen markers was conducted using the serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning, which has identified adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit delta 1 (AP3D1) as an antigen recognized by serum IgG antibodies of patients with atherosclerosis. Serum antibody levels were examined using the amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) using a recombinant protein as an antigen. It was determined that the serum antibody levels against AP3D1 were higher in patients with acute ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack , diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease , chronic kidney disease (CKD), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and colorectal carcinoma than those in the healthy donors. The area under the curve values of DM, nephrosclerosis type of CKD, and ESCC calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were higher than that of other diseases. Correlation analysis showed that the anti-AP3D1 antibody levels were highly associated with maximum intima-media thickness, which indicates that this marker reflected the development of atherosclerosis. The results of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study indicated that this antibody marker is deemed useful as risk factors for AIS.
Plasmon resonances of graphene-dielectric-metal structures calculated by the method of recurrence relations
Authors: Cruz Gerardo Gonzalez de la , Oliva-Leyva Maurice 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Graphene supports surface plasmons in the therahertz range, and compared with noble-metal plasmons, they show an extreme level of field confinement and relatively long propagation distances, with the advantage of being highly tunable via electrostatic field. Nevertheless, its interaction with light is normally rather weak. To obtain a more powerful capability of excite plasmons, a combination of graphene and artificial structures (metamaterials) present a powerful tunability for enhancing light-matter interaction. These features make graphene metamaterials a promising candidate for plasmonics and surface plasmon resonance for biological sensors. In this work, we study the plasmon spectra in a finite number of graphene layers on a metallic-dielectric substrate surrounded by materials with different dielectric constants. It is shown that using standard electromagnetic boundary conditions and solving the recurrence relation (a suitable alternative to transfer matrix method) for the coefficients of the electric potential between graphene layers, an explicit effective dielectric function of the metamaterial can be obtained giving the plasmon dispersion relations. It is found that the metal-dielectric-layered graphene structure supports both, high-energy optical plasmons oscillations and out-of-phase low energy acoustic charge density excitations. Experimentally, the Kretschmann configuration can be used to excite the surface plasmon resonances. It is based on the observation of a sharp minimum in the reflection coefficient versus angle (or wavelength) curve.
Cdc20 protects cells from Ara-c-induced apoptosis in AML via targeting autophagy
Authors: Ding Shumin , Kan Jinyao , Wang Yan , Cui Siyuan , Wang Jingyi , Li Zonghong , Wang Teng , Ma Daoxin , Xu Ruirong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Cdc20 on Ara-c chemosensitivity of AML cells.MethodsEvaluation experiments of effects of Cdc20 on Ara-c chemosensitivity were performed with AML cell transfected with constructs overexpressing Cdc20 or AML cell transfected with Cdc20 shRNA through observing cell viability, apoptosis rate,expression of apoptosis protein.The level of autophagy was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and western blotting.ResultsAfter exposure to Ara-c, Cdc20 expression is down-regulated. Intracellular Cdc20 expression inhibited Ara-c-induced apoptosis as shown by increasing cell viability and decreasing expression of cleaved caspase3.The expression of LC3B was mediated by Cdc20 expression,which further inhibits autophagy. Moreover, Cdc20 mediated LC3B-decreasing promotes the expression of P-Akt and P-ERK and inhibits ROS generation.ConclusionIt was determined that Cdc20 promoted the degradation of LC3B, thereby inhibiting autophagy and decreasing Ara-c-induced apoptosis in AML cells.
The biomass, survival, reproductive and biomarker responses of Helix pomatia to soil contaminated with treated and untreated wastewater.
Authors: Matseleng Semase , Ogbeide Ozekeke , Voua Patricks' Otomo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wastewater treatment facilities in developing countries like South Africa are major sources of contaminants via effluent into the environment, which could portend high toxicity risks for non-target flora and fauna. To this end, a study was conducted to determine the ecotoxicological responses of selected organism to treated and untreated wastewater from the wastewater treatment plants in an industrial town. The snail Helix pomatia was exposed to OECD artificial soil spiked with untreated or treated wastewater at the following concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%. The ecotoxicological responses of Helix pomatia to wastewater were determined by assessing the biomass, survival, reproduction and biomarker responses (Catalase ‒ CAT and Acetylcholinesterase ‒ AChE activities). The overall results showed significant effects on the survival, reproduction and biomass of H. pomatia. Similar results were observed for juvenile emergence. An EC50 of 5.751% for egg production and an EC50 of 6.233% for juvenile emergence were determined in the untreated wastewater. Such indices could not be computed for the treated wastewater, indicating a decreased in toxicity between the untreated and the treated samples. For both the AChE and CAT activities, there was no statistical difference between treated and untreated wastewater treatments. The results from this study highlight the toxic effects of untreated wastewater and indicate that treated wastewater (effluent) released from the wastewater treatment plant in Phuthaditjhaba remains suitable for invertebrate fauna such as H. pomatia.
Community Richness, Height, Coverage, and Spatial Distribution Mediate Grasshopper Abundance in the Upper Reaches of Heihe River, China
Authors: Li Lili , zhao chengzhang , zhao xiawei , wang dawei , li yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Species interactions are often context-dependent and complex, such as the grasshopper community and phytoecommunity. The adaption of grasshopper abundance and plant community were determined by topographical heterogeneity. However, it remains vague about how vegetation community, such as coverage, abundance and height, influence the spatial distribution pattern of grasshopper abundance at the altitude gradient. The geostatistical methods were used in natural grassland of the upper reaches of Heihe River to quantify the relationship of spatial correlation. A 5-years investigation shown that 3149 of grasshoppers was collected，belonging to 3 families, 10 genera, and 13 species. The semivariable function of grasshopper abundance and vegetation community followed a nonlinear model. Meanwhile, horizontal distribution of two communities was a clear flaky and plaque distribution pattern, especially at the altitude gradient. The abundance of grasshoppers is opposite to the height and coverage of vegetation and the overall follow ability of coverage, while the local following is consistent. Such as grasshopper abundance, the above 2750m sample with the opposite trend, the following areas were consistent. The grasshoppers exhibited the varieties on vegetation characters among all directions. On the different habits, the spatial distribution formed uniform trends; meanwhile, on the same, the trends diversified with altitude gradient, formed embedded striped patches structure.