bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fossil palm reading: using fruits to reveal the deep roots of palm diversity
Authors: Matsunaga Kelly K.S. , Smith Selena Y. 
Published: February 2021

PREMISEFossils are essential for understanding evolutionary history because they provide direct evidence of past diversity and geographic distributions. However, resolving systematic relationships between fossils and extant taxa, an essential step for many macroevolutionary studies, requires extensive comparative work on morphology and anatomy. While palms (Arecaceae) have an excellent fossil record that includes numerous fossil fruits, many are difficult to identify due in part to limited comparative data on modern fruit structure.METHODSWe studied fruits of 207 palm species, representing nearly every modern genus, using X‐ray microcomputed tomography. We then developed a morphological data set to test whether the fossil record of fruits can improve our understanding of palm diversity in the deep past. To evaluate the accuracy with which this data set recovers systematic relationships, we performed phylogenetic pseudofossilization analyses. We then used the data set to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of five previously published fossil palm fruits.RESULTSPhylogenetic analyses of fossils and pseudofossilization of extant taxa show that fossils can be placed accurately to the tribe and subtribe level with this data set, but node support must be considered. The phylogenetic relationships of the fossils suggest origins of many modern lineages in the Cretaceous and early Paleogene. Three of these fossils are suitable as new node calibrations for palms.CONCLUSIONSThis work improves our knowledge of fruit structure in palms, lays a foundation for applying fossil fruits to macroevolutionary studies, and provides new insights into the evolutionary history and early diversification of Arecaceae.
Trophic structure of a pond community dominated by an invasive alien species: Insights from stomach content and stable isotope analyses
Authors: Bissattini Alessandra Maria , Haubrock Phillip J. , Buono Vincenzo , Balzani Paride , Borgianni Nicolò , Stellati Luca , Inghilesi Alberto Francesco , Tancioni Lorenzo , Martinoli Marco , Tricarico Elena , Vignoli Leonardo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Invaders affect native species across multiple trophic levels, influencing the structure and stability of freshwater communities. Based on the ‘trophic position hypothesis’, invaders at the top of the food web are more harmful to native species via direct and indirect effects than trophically analogous native predators are.
However, introduced and native predators can coexist, especially when non‐native species have no ecological and behavioural similarities with natives, occupy an empty niche, or natives show generalist anti‐predator strategies that are effective at the community level.
At present, conservation efforts are focused on eradicating invaders; however, their removal may lead to unwanted and unexpected outcomes, especially when invaders are well established and strongly interspersed with natives. This highlights the need to consider invaders in a whole‐ecosystem context and to consider the evolutionary history and behavioural ecology of natives and invaders before active management is applied.
Here, stomach content and stable isotope analyses were combined to investigate a pond system dominated by invaders in order to understand the effects of the interactions among upper level predators and lower level members of the food web on the whole community structure.
Both diet and isotope analyses showed that several invaders contributed to the diet of natives and invaders. A significant isotope overlap was found among upper level predators. However, stomach content analysis suggested that predators reduced the potential competition differentiating the food spectrum by including additional prey in their diet. Both native and non‐native upper level predators, by preying on invaders, seem not to exert a strong suppressive effect through predation and competition on native species.
This research confirms the importance of studying food webs to identify ecological conditions that forecast the potential for deleterious impacts before management is applied. In cases where invaders cannot be eradicated, management efforts should follow a conciliatory approach promoting the coexistence of native species with invaders.
Ontogenetic changes of hindlimb muscle mass in Cabot's tragopan (Galliformes, Phasianidae) and their functional implications
Authors: Wang Lin , Wei Xinsen , Liang Xinxin , Zhang Zihui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCabot's tragopan (Tragopan caboti) is a vulnerable species, endemic to south‐east China. It usually nests in trees and is more arboreal than other pheasants, but the myological features related to its arboreal habits are not well known. In the present study, 10 carcasses of this pheasant including hatchling chicks, juveniles, and adults, were dissected to obtain measurements of leg muscle mass, which is an important determinant of force‐generation capacity. The results showed that isometry prevailed for growth in muscle mass. Scaling patterns of individual muscles were presumed to correlate with the more arboreal habits of the species. Comparison of muscle mass distribution across age groups demonstrated a distal to proximal gradient in muscle development. A higher percentage of hip and thigh muscles in the adult should be favorable for the birds to maintain an upright standing posture, and to increase speed by means of additional use of femoral retraction. Knee extensors were found to be the most massive among eight functional groups, suggesting that they have a very important role during terrestrial movement. Greater relative mass of digital flexors in hatchling chicks is correlated with breeding ecology, further revealing the importance of grasping ability in the early stages of postnatal development.
Chiral Interlocked Corrole Dimers Directly Linked at Inner Carbon Atoms of Confused Pyrrole Rings
Authors: Kumar Maurya Yogesh , Wei Pingchun , Shimada Takahide , Yamasumi Kazuhisa , Mori Shigeki , Furukawa Ko , Kusaba Hajime , Ishihara Tatsumi , Xie Yongshu , Ishida Masatoshi , Furuta Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA facile synthetic strategy towards conformationally stable chiral chromophores based on dimeric porphyrinoids has been established. A peculiar class of face‐to‐face intramolecularly interlocked corrole dimers were formed by the oxidative C−C coupling linked at the inner carbon sites upon simple treatment of copper(II) ions. Their intrinsic electronic structures were modulated by the peripheral corrole ring annulations, which lead to distinct optical properties and redox profiles. The stereogenic carbon centers implemented in the confused corrole skeleton provided a rationale for designing novel chiral materials.
Unit vector control of an unbalanced three‐axis gimbal for application to inertially stabilized platforms
Authors: Battistel Andrei , Oliveira Tiago Roux 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCamera stabilization systems are employed in several types of mobile robots. The objective is to maintain the attitude of the camera constant despite the movements of the host vehicle. This paper deals with the problem of stabilizing a platform using a three‐degree‐of‐freedom gimbal as mechanical actuator. Mechanical unbalances are considered and a multivariable version of the unit vector control (UVC) is employed. The algorithm employs a newly proposed differentiator based on higher order sliding modes that is global and exact. This differentiator can also be used for monitoring and estimation purposes in mechatronic systems. Simulation results are presented using data acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in autonomous flight.
Examining factors related to the age of diagnosis of children with autism spectrum disorder from immigrant and non‐immigrant backgrounds in a diverse clinical sample
Authors: Vanegas Sandra B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA timely diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is important for children as that may help inform the best services and supports needed for optimal outcomes. However, disparities in the identification of ASD have been consistently documented for racial/ethnic minority and immigrant populations. The majority of studies of immigrant populations have focused on the qualitative experience of ASD, however, greater knowledge about the predictors of the age of initial ASD diagnosis is needed. This study examined the child, maternal, and family‐level factors that predicted the age of initial ASD diagnosis in a diverse clinical sample through a retrospective medical record review. Medical records of clinical evaluations conducted between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed for children with ASD born to immigrant and non‐immigrant mothers. Regression analyses found that for both groups of children with ASD, using verbal language to communicate and having another diagnosis (attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder or another condition) predicted an older age of initial ASD diagnosis. For children with ASD born to immigrant mothers, residing in a multilingual household was associated with a younger age of diagnosis. These results highlight the complexities of an ASD diagnosis among diverse children and families, particularly among immigrant communities.Lay SummaryThis research looked at predictors of when children received their first autism spectrum disorder diagnosis across children born to immigrant mothers and children born to U.S.‐born mothers. Living in a multilingual home was related to a younger age of diagnosis for children of immigrant mothers; being verbal and having another diagnosis was related to an older age of diagnosis for both groups of children. This highlights the need to improve diagnostic services for diverse children.
Missing data: A statistical framework for practice
Authors: Carpenter James R. , Smuk Melanie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMissing data are ubiquitous in medical research, yet there is still uncertainty over when restricting to the complete records is likely to be acceptable, when more complex methods (e.g. maximum likelihood, multiple imputation and Bayesian methods) should be used, how they relate to each other and the role of sensitivity analysis. This article seeks to address both applied practitioners and researchers interested in a more formal explanation of some of the results. For practitioners, the framework, illustrative examples and code should equip them with a practical approach to address the issues raised by missing data (particularly using multiple imputation), alongside an overview of how the various approaches in the literature relate. In particular, we describe how multiple imputation can be readily used for sensitivity analyses, which are still infrequently performed. For those interested in more formal derivations, we give outline arguments for key results, use simple examples to show how methods relate, and references for full details. The ideas are illustrated with a cohort study, a multi‐centre case control study and a randomised clinical trial.
Analyzing companies' interactions with the Sustainable Development Goals through network analysis: Four corporate sustainability imperatives
Authors: van Zanten Jan Anton , van Tulder Rob 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe alignment between corporate strategies and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be an indicator of long‐term sustainability success. But which types of companies are most, and which are least, aligned with the SDGs? This paper scores how 67 economic activities—as a proxy for companies' operations and the goods or services they deliver—interact with 59 SDG targets. It then uses network analysis to define which activities are most and least aligned with the SDG Agenda. The results reveal four types of corporate activities, each having a strategic sustainability imperative: (i) “core activities” predominantly generate positive, while having few negative, impacts on the SDGs, challenging companies to scale their contributions to further align with the SDG Agenda; (ii) “mixed activities” have moderate/high degrees of both negative/positive impacts, posing a decoupling imperative; (iii) “opposed activities” provide few benefits yet cause significant adverse impacts, implying that companies must transform in order to better align with the SDGs; and (iv) “peripheral activities” have immaterial positive and negative impacts, creating an imperative to explore innovative avenues for creating SDG contributions. Detailed network graphs are presented that map companies' interactions with the SDGs and guide the creation of corporate sustainability strategies. Policy implications include the potential for using companies' activities as a lever for adopting a “nexus approach” to the SDGs.
Discovery and validation of novel biomarkers for detection of cervical cancer
Authors: Li Zigang , Chen Jianhua , Zhao Shaobo , Li Yajun , Zhou Jie , Liang Jianghong , Tang Huifang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate novel biomarker for diagnosis of cervical cancer, we analyzed the datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and confirmed the candidate biomarker in patient sample.Materials and methodsWe collected major datasets of cervical cancer in GEO, and analyzed the differential expression of normal and cancer samples online with GEO2R and tested the differences, then focus on the GSE63514 to screen the target genes in different histological grades by using the R‐Bioconductor package and R‐heatmap. Then human specimens from the cervix in different histological grades were used to confirm the top 8 genes expression by immunohistochemical staining using Ki67 as a standard control.ResultsWe identified genes differentially expressed in normal and cervical cancer, 274 upregulated genes and 206 downregulated genes. After intersection with GSE63514, we found the obvious tendency in different histological grades. Then we screened the top 24 genes, and confirmed the top 8 genes in human cervix tissues. Immunohistochemical (IHC) results confirmed that keratin 17 (KRT17) was not expressed in normal cervical tissues and was over‐expressed in cervical cancer. Cysteine‐rich secretory protein‐2 (CRISP2) was less expressed in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) than in other histological grades.ConclusionFor the good repeatability and consistency of KRT17 and CRISP2, they may be good candidate biomarkers. Combined analysis of KRT17, CRISP2 expression at both genetic and protein levels can determine different histological grades of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Such combined analysis is capable of improving diagnostic accuracy of cervical cancer.
Long‐standing hypercalcemia in a 78‐years old woman
Authors: Kiriakopoulos Andreas , Linos Dimitrios 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 78 years‐old woman was found with worsening hypercalcemia, osteopenia and memory loss during the past 2 years. Multiple, repeated imaging studies failed to reveal the etiology of the primary hyperparathyroidism. Bilateral neck exploration revealed a 4.5 × 2.3 cm right superior parathyroid adenoma in an ectopic position.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: High throughput catalyst testing — HTCT
Authors: Ortega Carlos , Otyuskaya Daria , Ras Erik‐Jan , Virla Luis D. , Patience Gregory S. , Dathe Hendrik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe conventional one‐at‐a‐time strategy to evaluate catalysts is inefficient and resource intensive. Even a fractional factorial design takes weeks to control for temperature, pressure, composition, and stability. Furthermore, quantifying day‐to‐day variability and data quality exacerbates the time sink. High‐throughput catalyst testing (HTCT) with as many as 64 parallel reactors reduces experimental time by two orders of magnitude and decreases the variance, as it is capable of quantifying random errors. This approach to heterogeneous catalyst development requires dosing each reactor precisely with the same flow and composition, controlling the temperature and identifying the isothermal zone, on‐line analysis of the gas‐phase, and a common back pressure regulator to maintain constant pressure. Silica capillary or microfluidic distribution chip manifolds split a common feed stream precisely (standard deviation <0.5%), thus guaranteeing reproducibility. With these systems, experimenters shift their focus from operating a single reactor to careful catalyst synthesis, sometimes delicate catalytic reactor loadings, and the handling, processing, and analysis of massive amounts of data. This review presents an overview of the main elements of HTCT, its applications, potential sources of uncertainty, and a set of best practises derived from scientific literature and research experience. A bibliometric analysis of articles Web of Science indexed from 2015–2020 grouped research into five clusters: (1) discovery, directed evolution, enzymes, and complexes; (2) electrocatalysis, reduction, adsorption, and nanoparticles; (3) hydrogen, oxidation, and stability; (4) DFT, combinatorial chemistry, and NH3; and (5) graphene and carbon.
HPV and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Karnosky Julia , Dietmaier Wolfgang , Knuettel Helge , Freigang Viola , Koch Myriam , Koll Franziska , Zeman Florian , Schulz Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer has emerged as a global public health problem and is the most common cause of cancer deaths by absolute cases globally. Besides tobacco, smoke infectious diseases such as human papillomavirus (HPV) might be involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. However, data are inconsistent due to differences in study design and HPV detection methods.AimA systematic meta‐analysis was performed to examine the presence of HPV‐infection with lung cancer.Methods and ResultsAll studies in all languages were considered for the search concepts “lung cancer” and “HPV” if data specific to HPV prevalence in lung cancer tissue were given. This included Journal articles as well as abstracts and conference reports. As detection method, only HPV PCR results from fresh frozen and paraffin‐embedded tissue were included. Five bibliographic databases and three registers of clinical trials including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through February 2020. A total 4298 publications were identified, and 78 publications were selected, resulting in 9385 included lung cancer patients. A meta‐analysis of 15 case‐control studies with n = 2504 patients showed a weighted overall prevalence difference of 22% (95% CI: 12%‐33%; P < .001) and a weighted overall 4.7‐fold (95% CI: 2.7‐8.4; P < .001) increase of HPV prevalence in lung cancer patients compared to controls. Overall, HPV prevalence amounted to 13.5% being highest in Asia (16.6%), followed by America (12.8%), and Europe (7.0%). A higher HPV prevalence was found in squamous cell carcinoma (17.9%) compared to adenocarcinoma (P < .01) with significant differences in geographic patterns. HPV genotypes 16 and 18 were the most prevalent high‐risk genotypes identified.ConclusionIn conclusion, our review provides convincing evidence that HPV infection increases the risk of developing lung cancer.
Differentially private locality sensitive hashing based federated recommender system
Authors: Hu Hongsheng , Dobbie Gillian , Salcic Zoran , Liu Meng , Zhang Jianbing , Lyu Lingjuan , Zhang Xuyun 
Published: February 2021

SummaryRecommender systems are important applications in big data analytics because accurate recommendation items or high‐valued suggestions can bring high profit to both commercial companies and customers. To make precise recommendations, a recommender system often needs large and fine‐grained data for training. In the current big data era, data often exists in the form of isolated islands, and it is difficult to integrate the data scattered due to privacy security concerns. Moreover, privacy laws and regulations make it harder to share data. Therefore, designing a privacy‐preserving recommender system is of paramount importance. Existing privacy‐preserving recommender system models mainly adapt cryptography approaches to achieve privacy preservation. However, cryptography approaches have heavy overhead when performing encryption and decryption operations and they lack a good level of flexibility. In this paper, we conduct privacy analysis on the existing locality sensitive hashing (LSH) approach based privacy‐preserving recommender system and show how an attacker can retrieve user's information under such a recommender system. Given such privacy risks, we propose differentially private LSH approach to build recommender system that can offer differential privacy guarantees for users. Our proposed efficient and scalable federated recommender system can make full use of multiple source data from different data owners while guaranteeing privacy preservation of users' data in contributing parties. Extensive experiments on real‐world benchmark datasets show that our approach can achieve both high time efficiency and accuracy under small privacy budgets.
Response Similarity Assessment Between Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis for Biologics
Authors: Singh Renu , Ivaturi Vijay D. , Penzenstadler Justin , Liu Tao , Chen Jianmeng , Marathe Anshu , Ji Ping , Glaser Rachel , Nikolov Nikolay , Sahajwalla Chandrahas 
Published: February 2021

Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) is a pediatric chronic inflammatory arthritis, much like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. Drug development for pJIA can potentially be expedited by using extrapolation of efficacy from adult RA; however, the lack of understanding of the response and exposure relationship between pJIA and RA to therapeutic interventions has been a major roadblock. To address this, the objective of our analysis was to conduct a systematic response and exposure comparison between pJIA and RA trials for biologic products. Data from registration RA and pJIA clinical trials (parallel or withdrawal design) for infliximab, tocilizumab, golimumab, and adalimumab were utilized. First, exposure was compared between the pJIA trials and RA pivotal trials. Subsequently, the pJIA vs. RA response similarity was assessed by comparing similar individual subcomponents of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) scores between the two populations. The exposure comparison demonstrated that at the pJIA trial dose, exposure in pediatric patients was similar to or higher than adults for all biologics evaluated except infliximab, where lower exposure was observed in pJIA patients ≤ 35 kg. Response comparison for individual subcomponents indicated that in a majority of the cases, pJIA response was similar or higher as compared with response from RA trials. Overall, this analysis suggests response similarity between pJIA and RA across the biologic products when exposures are matched between the two populations. These analyses provide support for the use of pharmacokinetic exposure‐matching for extrapolation of efficacy from adult RA to pediatric pJIA for the products with established mechanism(s) of action.