bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐view 3‐D display with multiple resolutions
Authors: Lv Guo‐Jiao , Zhao Bai‐Chuan , Wu Fei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA dual‐view 3‐D display with multiple resolutions is proposed. The proposed 3‐D display consists of a 2‐D display panel and a parallax barrier. The parallax barrier can project the parallax image on the 2‐D display panel into views and form several viewing zones. By making viewing zones overlapping, the proposed 3‐D display can improve the resolution of the image in the overlapped area and provide multiple resolutions. Finally, the resolution is improved at the center area of a viewing zone, where there is high‐probability viewing position of the observers. A prototype is developed to verify the principle. The experimental results show that the proposed 3‐D display can improve resolution.
The Nasal Obstruction Balance Index: A Novel Approach to Improving Correlation Between Unilateral Nasal Airway Measurements and Evaluating Nasal Airway Asymmetry
Authors: Kaura Anika , Pendolino Alfonso Luca , Navaratnam Annakan , Andrews Peter J. , Leung Terence S. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives/HypothesisDemonstrate that the Nasal Obstruction Balance Index (NOBI) model fulfils the unmet need of improving unilateral correlation between subjective and objective nasal obstruction outcome measures and identifying the more obstructed side.Improve correlation between unilateral objective nasal airway measurements (nasal inspiratory peak flow [NIPF] and acoustic rhinometry [AR]) and subjective Visual Analogue Scale for nasal obstruction (VAS‐NO) scores.Improve assessment of nasal airway asymmetry by evaluating unilateral measurements both before and after the application of nasal decongestant; which the patient could better understand.NOBI represents a ratio calculated by taking the difference between left and right nasal airway measurements and divided by the maximum unilateral measurement. It is based on Poiseuille's law and aims to reduce the confounding variables which challenge nasal airway measurement.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsForty‐three controls and 34 patients with nasal obstruction underwent both unilateral and bilateral NIPF, AR and VAS‐NO measurements; these were repeated after the application of nasal decongestant. The NOBI values for unilateral NIPF, AR, and VAS‐NO were calculated both before and after decongestant.ResultsThe correlation between unilateral NIPF and AR measurements was enhanced considerably (r = 0.57,P < .01) when NOBI was applied. The NOBI metric significantly increased the correlation between unilateral NIPF, AR, and VAS‐NO scores. Postdecongestant NOBI for NIPF and AR measurements correctly identified the more obstructed side in 82.4% and 94.1% of the deviated nasal septum (DNS) cases, respectively.ConclusionThe NOBI model provides a better correlation between unilateral subjective and objective measurements and identifies the more obstructed side.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 131:E2833–E2840, 2021
Moving ecological and biogeochemical transitions across the North Pacific
Authors: Follett Christopher L. , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Forget Gael , Cael B. B. , Follows Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the North Pacific Ocean, nutrient rich surface waters flow south from the subpolar gyre through a transitional region and into the subtropics. Along the way, nutrients are used, recycled, and exported, leading to lower biomass and a commensurate change in ecosystem structure moving southward. We focus on the region between the two gyres (the Transition Zone) using a coupled biophysical ocean model, remote sensing, floats, and cruise data to explore the nature of the physical, biogeochemical, and ecological fields in this region. Nonlinear interactions between biological processes and the meridional gradient in nutrient supply lead to sharp shifts across this zone. These transitions between a southern region with more uniform biological and biogeochemical properties and steep meridional gradients to the north are diagnosed from extrema in the first derivative of the properties with latitude. Some transitions like that for chlorophyll a (the transition zone chlorophyll front [TZCF]) experience large seasonal excursions while the location of the transitions in other properties moves very little. The seasonal shifts are not caused by changes in the horizontal flow field, but rather by the interaction of seasonal, depth related, forcing with the mean latitudinal gradients. Focusing on the TZCF as a case study, we express its phase velocity in terms of vertical nutrient flux and internal ecosystem processes, demonstrating their nearly equal influence on its motion. This framework of propagating biogeochemical transitions can be systematically expanded to better understand the processes that structure ecosystems and biogeochemistry in the North Pacific and beyond.
Size‐specific grazing and competitive interactions between large salps and protistan grazers
Authors: Stukel Michael R. , Décima Moira , Selph Karen E. , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Andres 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigated competition betweenSalpa thompsoniand protistan grazers during Lagrangian experiments near the Subtropical Front in the southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Over a month, the salp community shifted from dominance by large (> 100 mm) oozooids and small (< 20 mm) blastozooids to large (~ 60 mm) blastozooids. Phytoplankton biomass was consistently dominated by nano‐ and microphytoplankton (> 2 μm cells). Using bead‐calibrated flow‐cytometry light scatter to estimate phytoplankton size, we quantified size‐specific salp and protistan zooplankton grazing pressure. Salps were able to feed at a > 10,000 : 1 predator : prey size (linear‐dimension) ratio. Small blastozooids efficiently retained cells > 1.4μm (high end of picoplankton size, 0.6–2 μm cells) and also obtained substantial nutrition from smaller bacteria‐sized cells. Larger salps could only feed efficiently on > 5.9μm cells and were largely incapable of feeding on picoplankton. Due to the high biomass of nano‐ and microphytoplankton, however, all salps derived most of their (phytoplankton‐based) nutrition from these larger autotrophs. Phagotrophic protists were the dominant competitors for these prey items and consumed approximately 50% of the biomass of all phytoplankton size classes each day. Using a Bayesian statistical framework, we developed an allometric‐scaling equation for salp clearance rates as a function of salp and prey size:urn:x-wiley:00243590:media:lno11770:lno11770-math-0001where ESD is prey equivalent spherical diameter (µm), TL isS. thompsonitotal length,φ = 5.6 × 10−3 ± 3.6 × 10−4,ψ = 2.1 ± 0.13,θ = 0.58 ± 0.08, andγ = 0.46 ± 0.03 and clearance rate is L d‐1salp‐1. We discuss the biogeochemical and food‐web implications of competitive interactions among salps, krill, and protozoans.
Culture as infrastructure in learning health systems
Authors: Vinson Alexandra H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBuilding Learning Health Systems requires the combination of information, regulatory, and cultural infrastructures that create communities focused on changing health outcomes through the application of quality improvement methodology, focused data collection, closed feedback loops, and community‐participatory techniques. Accomplishing the vision of the Learning Health System relies on building robust infrastructures, and teaching a wide variety of stakeholders to participate in these novel socio‐technical systems. In this commentary, I draw on empirical examples from fieldwork with Learning Networks to describe how social scientists view culture and what this concept might hold for learning health sciences.
Scoring Algorithm‐Based Genomic Testing in Dystonia: A Prospective Validation Study
Authors: Zech Michael , Jech Robert , Boesch Sylvia , Škorvánek Matej , Necpál Ján , Švantnerová Jana , Wagner Matias , Sadr‐Nabavi Ariane , Distelmaier Felix , Krenn Martin , Serranová Tereza , Rektorová Irena , Havránková Petra , Mosejová Alexandra , Příhodová Iva , Šarláková Jana , Kulcsarová Kristína , Ulmanová Olga , Bechyně Karel , Ostrozovičová Miriam , Haň Vladimír , Ventosa Joaquim Ribeiro , Brunet Theresa , Berutti Riccardo , Shariati Mohammad , Shoeibi Ali , Schneider Susanne A. , Kuster Alice , Baumann Matthias , Weise David , Wilbert Friederike , Janzarik Wibke G. , Eckenweiler Matthias , Mall Volker , Haslinger Bernhard , Berweck Steffen , Winkelmann Juliane , Oexle Konrad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the established value of genomic testing strategies, practice guidelines for their use do not exist in many indications.ObjectivesWe sought to validate a recently introduced scoring algorithm for dystonia, predicting the diagnostic utility of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) based on individual phenotypic aspects (age‐at‐onset, body distribution, presenting comorbidity).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled a set of 209 dystonia‐affected families and obtained summary scores (0–5 points) according to the algorithm. Singleton (N = 146), duo (N = 11), and trio (N = 52) WES data were generated to identify genetic diagnoses.ResultsDiagnostic yield was highest (51%) among individuals with a summary score of 5, corresponding to a manifestation of early‐onset segmental or generalized dystonia with coexisting non‐movement disorder‐related neurological symptoms. Sensitivity and specificity at the previously suggested threshold for implementation of WES (3 points) was 96% and 52%, with area under the curve of 0.81.ConclusionsThe algorithm is a useful predictive tool and could be integrated into dystonia routine diagnostic protocols. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society
One‐dimensional bunched Ni‐V2O3@C@CNT for superior performance lithium‐ion batteries and hybrid capacitors
Authors: Bai Youcun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, by using the bamboo‐like carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) from sulfonated polymer nanotubes (SPNTs), the 3D porous sugar‐coated haws stick‐like composites decorated with V2O3 and Ni nanoparticles (NV@C@CNT) have been prepared via a facile solution method and subsequent annealing reactions. The porous carbon matrix derived from the SPNTs provides a continuous highly conductive network to facilitate the fast charge transfer and form a stable solid electrolyte interface film. This engineering protocol toward electrode architectures/configurations endows integrated NV@C@CNT anodes with large specific capacity (895.6 mAh g–1 at 0.2 A g–1 after 100 cycles), good operation stability, excellent rate capabilities, and prolonged cyclic life span. To prove their potential real applications, we have established the NV@C@CNT//FCNT lithium ion capacitors (LICs), which is capable of showing high energy densities, power densities, and long cycle stability. This work provides a scalable, simple, and efficient evolutionary method for the production of NV@C@CNT electrode materials, providing useful inspiration and guidance for the anodic applications of metal oxides in next‐generation power sources.
Atomic understanding of structural deformations upon ablation of graphene
Authors: Alaghemandi Mohammad , Salehi Leili , Samolis Panagis , Trachtenberg Benyamin T. , Turnali Ahmet , Sander Michelle Y. , Sharifzadeh Sahar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate the atomic rearrangement in graphene under femtosecond pulse illumination with reactive molecular dynamics simulations and compare with ultra‐fast laser ablation experiments. To model the impact of the laser pulse irradiation, heat is locally applied to a selected area of the graphene layer and the resulting structural deformation is simulated as a function of time, providing a detailed understanding of the bond breaking process under laser illumination and subsequent re‐equilibration after the pulse is turned off. Analysis of the atomic dynamics indicates that the types of defects formed depend on the pulse energy and exposure duration. By varying the exposed area, we determine that the shape of the ablated area is not only a function of the pulse energy, but also of the beam spot size and pulse repetition. Furthermore, we apply a machine learning approach to extrapolate our simulated data to experimental length scales and reproduce the trends in ablated area as a function of temperature. Our study provides a first step towards understanding the design parameters for graphene nano‐patterning.
Defects of the femoral head‐neck junction: A new method of classification and observed frequency in Hamann‐Todd skeletal collection
Authors: Medlej Bahaa , Cohen Haim , Dar Gali , Peleg Smadar , Abbas Janan , Masharawi Youssef , Hershkovitz Israel , May Hila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFemoral head‐neck defects (FHNDs) are commonly reported in the anatomical and anthropological literature. The best known types are Allen's fossa and Poirier's facet; however, their definition and etiology are still debated. The aims of this study were to revise the categorization and identification of FHNDs and to reveal their prevalence in a skeletal sample. The femora of 238 individuals (161 males and 77 females) aged between 21 and 93 years old from the Hamann‐Todd osteological collections (Cleveland Museum of Natural History) were examined. FHNDs were classified according to their location, size, and appearance. Six different types of defects in the femoral head and neck were defined: ditch (it appears like Allen's fossa), tongue (it appears like Poirier's facet), indentate, sunken, groove, and pit. This classification method was found to be reliable (κ ≥ 0.907). FHNDs are very common among adult human populations (69.3%), especially the ditch (25.2%) and the tongue types (38.2%). All types were sex and age independent; however, the age of onset varied. The tongue type was more prevalent among the elderly, whereas the ditch type was more prevalent among younger individuals. To conclude, there are six distinct types of FHNDs, which varied in their location, appearance, and prevalence. The most common defects, tongue and ditch, were sex and age independent. These defects are easily identified by naked eye or via CT images and therefore can be studied both in skeletal and modern populations, respectively.
Indigenous knowledge of key ecological processes confers resilience to a small‐scale kelp fishery
Authors: Kobluk Hannah M. , Gladstone Keith , Reid Mike , Brown Kelly , Krumhansl Kira A. , Salomon Anne K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Feedbacks between social and ecological processes can lead to sustainable stewardship practices that support ecological resilience among harvested populations. This is evident along the world's coast lines, where Indigenous knowledge systems have facilitated millennia of human–nature coexistence. However, social–ecological conditions globally are quickly shifting, posing challenges for coastal Indigenous communities where customary harvest of ocean resources, such as kelps, needs to adapt to growing markets, novel climates and changing governance regimes. Consequently, a pressing need exists to determine how specific ecological and social variables drive key dynamics within coupled human–ocean systems.

Motivated by the information needs of an Indigenous community on Canada's Pacific Coast, we co‐designed a traditional harvest experiment, field surveys and semi‐directed interviews with Indigenous resource users and managers to measure the ecological resilience of the feather boa kelp Egregia menziesii to harvest and determine what environmental variables most affected its recovery. We wove these results with information on current stewardship practices to inform future management of this slow‐growing perennial kelp based on Indigenous knowledge and western science.

We found that Egregia recovered from traditional harvest levels faster than expected with minimal impact on its productivity because plants sprouted new fronds. In fact, traditional harvest levels of Egregia mimicked natural frond loss. Indigenous knowledge and empirical ecological evidence revealed the importance of individual plant size, site‐specific seawater temperature and wave exposure in driving Egregia recovery. Indigenous stewardship practices reflected these ecological relationships in the practice of selecting large plants from sites with healthy patches of Egregia. While we documented key social controls of harvest, current self‐reported harvest levels of kelp fronds were two times greater than the stated social norm, but only 1.2 times greater in terms of kelp biomass.

Consequently, traditional harvest protocols facilitate Egregia recovery and promote its sustained use. However, its ecological resilience is susceptible to the erosion of customary practices and warming ocean temperatures.

Co‐produced research that mobilizes multiple bodies of knowledge can enhance our understanding of social–ecological resilience, empower local decision makers and democratize the science and practice of natural resource management.

​A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Thin film cadmium telluride solar cells on ultra‐thin glass in low earth orbit—3 years of performance data on the AlSat‐1N CubeSat mission
Authors: Lamb Dan A. , Irvine Stuart J. C. , Baker Mark A. , Underwood Craig I. , Mardhani Simran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper details 3 years of cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic performance onboard the AlSat‐1N CubeSat in low earth orbit. These are the first CdTe solar cells to yield I–V measurements from space and help to strengthen the argument for further development of this technology for space application. The data have been collected over some 17 000 orbits by the CubeSat with the cells showing no signs of delamination, no deterioration in short circuit current or series resistance. The latter indicating that the aluminium‐doped zinc oxide transparent front electrode performance remained stable over the duration. Effects of temperature on open circuit voltage (Voc) were observed with a calculated temperature coefficient for Voc of −0.19%/°C. Light soaking effects were also observed to increase the Voc. The fill factor decreased over the duration of the mission with a major contribution being a decrease in shunt resistance of all four of the cells. The decrease in shunt resistance is speculated to result from gold diffusion from the rear contacts into the absorber and through to the front interface. This has likely resulted in the formation of a deep trap state within the CdTe and micro shunts formed between the rear and front contact. Further development of this technology should therefore utilise more stable back contacting methodologies more commonly employed for terrestrial CdTe modules.
Preparation of Reinforced Anisometric Patchy Supraparticles for Self‐Propulsion
Authors: Oguztürk H. Esra , Bauer Leona J. , Mantouvalou Ioanna , Kanngieβ  er Birgit , Velev Orlin D. , Gradzielski Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe preparation of fumed silica‐based anisometric supraparticles with well‐defined catalytically active patches suitable for self‐propulsion is presented here. These sub‐millimeter‐sized particles can self‐propel as they contain Pt‐covered magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, where the Pt can decompose catalytically a “fuel” like H2O2 and thereby propel the supraparticles. By their magnetic properties, the catalytically active nanoparticles can be concentrated in patches on the supraparticle surface. The goal is to obtain robust supraparticles with well‐defined patchiness and long‐time stability during self‐propulsion through evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) on a superhydrophobic surface. The latter is a major issue as oxygen evolution can lead to the disintegration of the supraparticles. Therefore, enhanced mechanical stability is sought using a number of different additives, where the best results are obtained by incorporating polystyrene microspheres followed by heat treatment or reinforcement with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and sodium trisilicate (Na2SiO3). The detailed internal structure of the different types of particles is investigated by confocal micro‐X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (CMXRF), which allows for precisely locating the catalytic Fe3O4@Pt nanoparticles within the supraparticles with a resolution in the µm range. The insights on the supraparticle structure, together with their long‐time stability, allow fabricating optimized patchy supraparticles for potential applications in propulsion‐enhanced catalysis.
Laboratory and initial field testing of the Min‐Trap™ for tracking reactive iron sulfide mineral formation during in situ remediation
Authors: Ulrich Shannon , Martin Tilton Jennifer , Justicia‐Leon Shandra , Liles David , Prigge Robert , Carter Erika , Divine Craig , Taggart Dora , Clark Katherine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Mineral Trap, or Min‐Trap™, is a monitoring well‐based sampler designed to collect direct physical evidence of reactive mineral formation in situ without collecting soil or rock core samples. The Min‐Trap consists of a nonreactive granular medium (e.g., silica sand) within water‐permeable mesh pillows that are supported inside a slotted polyvinyl chloride housing that is incubated within a conventional monitoring well. The primary objective of the Min‐Trap in this application is to collect reactive minerals that are forming in the aquifer in a retrievable format that can be submitted for laboratory analysis. To evaluate the capability of Min‐Traps to capture reactive iron minerals, both a laboratory tank test and a field test were conducted. Both tests confirmed that iron sulfide minerals form in the Min‐Trap under sulfate reducing conditions within several weeks. Analysis of the precipitated minerals via the AMIBA analysis suite showed that they almost entirely consisted of weak acid soluble (biogenic, microcrystalline) ferrous iron‐based minerals, and at least two thirds of the sulfur‐containing minerals were monosulfides (i.e., mackinawite) at the end of each test. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the colocation of iron and sulfur in the mineral masses. The dominance of the ferrous iron and reduced sulfur verifies that little to no oxidation of the captured minerals occurred between sample collection and analysis. A subsurface soil core was collected during the field test next to the Min‐Trap‐containing well. AMIBA results were consistent between the native soil and the Min‐Trap except for much higher strong acid soluble (crystalline) ferric iron in the native soil when compared to the silica sand of the Min‐Trap, as expected. This work shows that Min‐Traps are useful for documenting the formation of reactive iron sulfides (FeSx) that can form during in situ anaerobic biostimulation and can drive complementary abiotic treatment of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Mineralogical data obtained from Min‐Traps can be applied to assess remedial objectives at several stages of the remedial program, including initial characterization, alternatives evaluation, feasibility testing, remedy optimization, and transition from active treatment to passive remedial methods.