bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of water flow on a studded upstream eel pass
Authors: Ibnu Syihab Abu B. M. , Verdin Patrick G. , Wright Rosalind M. , Piper Adam T. , Rivas Casado Monica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe European eel population has undergone a significant decline in recruitment over the last 3–4 decades. Anthropogenic riverine barriers that disrupt the eel's life cycle when migrating upstream are contributory factors in this decline. The development of eel passage facilities is one of many attempts to mitigate this problem. In upstream passes, eels rely on a substrate in the base of the pass to assist their ascent by climbing and/or swimming. This study numerically evaluates, using computational fluid dynamics, the hydrodynamic characteristics of water flow on a studded substrate, under a range of installation angles and water flowrates. To assess and predict the efficiency of the pass, simulated flow field data were used to create pass‐ability maps by comparing simulated velocity data with eel swimming capabilities. An 11° installation angle with a ramp flowrate of 1.12 × 10−3 m3/s per metre width was shown to be likely most suitable for 70 mm long eels, and could be used by eels with sizes up to 150 mm. The numerical study has also shown that under specific water flowrates, installation angles of 30° or more can make the water level fluctuate and splash out of the eel pass, resulting in potential inefficiency in ramp water supply, while posing additional challenges for eels ascending the pass.
Ni/Cu Regulating Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Hu Hao , Liang Jia‐Hao , Zu Zhao‐Yang , Mi Jian‐Li , Xiao Bei‐Bei , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransition metal and nitrogen co‐doped carbon materials have been widely investigated as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Incorporating two different metals in N‐doped carbon may synergistically improve the catalytic activity. Herein, Ni/Cu incorporated N‐doped porous carbon materials (Ni1‐xCux‐N−C) with different Ni/Cu ratios were prepared by a direct carbonization of the metal‐organic complexes which were obtained via a NaOH‐mediated organometallic reaction of metal ions and benzimidazole. It is found that the Ni/Cu ratio significantly alters the Ni1‐xCux particle sizes, the surface morphology, the specific surface area, and the pore structure of the catalysts, eventually affecting the ORR activities. Ni0.7Cu0.3‐N−C exhibits the best ORR activity among the studied Ni1‐xCux‐N−C catalysts with a half‐wave potential of 0.783 V and a limiting current density of 4.85 mA cm−2 in alkaline medium. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the synergistic effect of bimetallic Ni/Cu can optimize the adsorption/desorption features and promote the ORR catalytic activities.
A Porphyrin‐Based 5‐Fluorouracil and Its Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Antitumor Activity
Authors: Lin Zunxian , Chen Zhengwang , Zhong Guanlin , Long Lipeng , He Peng , Luo Guotian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe novel porphyrin‐based 5‐fluorouracil and its metal complexes were synthesized. Through the combination of porphyrin and anticancer drug 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), it provides ideas for how to maximize the antitumor activity of drugs. The new porphyrin and its metal complexes take advantage of the enrichment of porphyrins in tumor cells, which makes them have higher cytotoxicity to tumor cells than normal cells, thus reducing the toxic and side effects. Excellent photophysical properties were illustrated by UV‐vis absorption and emission spectra with enhanced absorbance between 650 and 750 nm and fluorescence emission within 600–800 nm. Besides, manganese porphyrin and non‐central metalloporphyrin were evaluated in vitro by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against MCF‐7, HepG2, and HeLa. In addition, compared with free 5‐fluorouracil, the novel manganese porphyrin shows higher antitumor activity. Therefore, the novel manganese porphyrin‐based 5‐fluorouracil is a promising drug for cancer treatment due to its effective antitumor activity, and near‐infrared absorption.
Zinc‐ion Hybrid Capacitor with High Energy Density Constructed by Bamboo Shavings Derived Spongy‐like Porous Carbon
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhang Yihe , Zhang Hanfang , Zhang Yingge , Ma Zequn , Sun Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe preparation of functional biomass‐derived porous carbon with developed pore structures has always been a challenge without using acids and bases. Herein, a simple and green method is proposed to synthesize bamboo shavings derived porous carbon materials (BSCS) with large specific surface area and spongy‐like structure. The unique porous and loose structure ensures that the electrolyte ions can be quickly transported in the electrode material during the process of charge and discharge, thus making full use of the active surface. As a result, the assembled zinc‐ion hybrid capacitor (ZIHC) based on BSC4 displays a high specific capacity of 104 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and an excellent capacity retention of 106.1 % after 10000 cycles. Importantly, the solid‐state ZIHC delivers high capacity of 124 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, high power density of 15221.2 W kg−1, and remarkable energy density of 197.7 Wh kg−1. This work provides a green strategy to construct functional carbon materials from biomass waste for ZIHCs.
ZnSe Modified Zinc Metal Anodes: Toward Enhanced Zincophilicity and Ionic Diffusion
Authors: Li Tian Chen , Lim Yew Von , Xie Xuesong , Li Xue Liang , Li Guojing , Fang Daliang , Li Yifan , Ang Yee Sin , Ang Lay Kee , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZinc metal is an ideal candidate for aqueous rechargeable batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance. However, its commercialization is inevitably challenged by several critical factors such as dendrite growth and parasitic side‐reactions, leading to low coulombic efficiency and a limited lifespan. Herein, a modified Zn foil with a zincophilic ZnSe layer deposited by a simple selenization process is proposed. An order of magnitude stronger adsorption capability toward Zn2+ ions and uniform ion diffusion tunnels of ZnSe enables lower nucleation energy barrier and faster ion‐diffusion kinetics. Meanwhile, detrimental Zn corrosion in aqueous system is also effectively mitigated. As a result, ZnSe@Zn anode shows reversible Zn plating/stripping (1700 h at 1 mA cm−2) with ultra‐low voltage hysteresis (41 mV), contributing to exceptional cycling stability over 500 cycles with negligible capacity fading for the ZnSe@Zn/MnO2 full cell.
Novel Core–Shell Polyamine Phosphate Nanoparticles Self‐Assembled from PEGylated Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) with Low Toxicity and Increased In Vivo Circulation Time
Authors: Andreozzi Patrizia , Simó Cristina , Moretti Paolo , Porcel Joaquin Martinez , Lüdtke Tanja Ursula , Ramirez Maria de los Angeles , Tamberi Lorenza , Marradi Marco , Amenitsch Heinz , Llop Jordi , Ortore Maria Grazia , Moya Sergio Enrique 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn approach for reducing toxicity and enhancing therapeutic potential of supramolecular polyamine phosphate nanoparticles (PANs) through PEGylation of polyamines before their assembly into nanoparticles is presented here. It is shown that the number of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains for polyamine largely influence physico‐chemical properties of PANs and their biological endpoints. Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) are functionalized through carbodiimide chemistry with three ratios of PEG molecules per PAH chain: 0.1, 1, and 10. PEGylated PAH is then assembled into PANs by exposing the polymer to phosphate buffer solution. PANs decrease size and surface charge with increasing PEG ratios as evidenced by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements, with the ten PEG/PAH ratio PANs having practically zero charge. Small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) proves that PEG chains form a shell around a polyamine core, which is responsible for the screening of positive charges. MTT experiments show that the screening of amine groups decreases nanoparticle toxicity, with the lowest toxicity for the 10 PEG/PAH ratio. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) proves less interaction with proteins for PEGylated PANs. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 18F labelled PANs shows longer circulation time in healthy mice for PEGylated PANs than non‐PEGylated ones.
Earliest fossil record of the genus Tetradium (Rutaceae) in Asia: implications for its evolution and palaeoecology
Authors: Huang Lu‐Liang , Jin Jian‐Hua , Quan Cheng , Oskolski Alexei A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new species, Tetradium nanningense sp. nov. (Rutaceae), is described on the basis of well‐preserved mummified wood from the upper Oligocene Yongning Formation of Nanning Basin, Guangxi Province, South China. This species represents the most ancient fossil evidence of the genus Tetradium in Asia, the region of its modern distribution. Its occurrence in the late Oligocene is consistent with the diversification age of the modern Asian species within this genus as estimated by molecular dating: T. nanningense could be closely related to an ancestor of extant Tetradium species. The fossil record of Tetradium suggests that this genus migrated from North America to eastern Asia in the Oligocene. The presence of (semi‐)ring‐porous wood and helical thickenings on vessel walls in T. nanningense provides new evidence for the independent gains of these traits in the course of evolution among different plant groups from eastern and south‐eastern Asia in the Oligocene. These wood features might have arisen in response to the increase in climate seasonality following the abrupt climate cooling across the Eocene–Oligocene boundary.
Evolution of thermal parameters of wet‐screened dam concrete after different freeze–thaw deterioration
Authors: Huang Yaoying , Ding Qian , Wang Yu , Liao Zaiyi , Yin Xiaohui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEven with specialized equipment, it is difficult to measure the thermal parameters of dam concrete during freeze–thaw testing. In addition, numerical calculations usually assume that freeze–thaw cycling does not change the thermal parameters of the aggregate and mortar of dam concrete, which makes it difficult to accurately determine how these parameters evolve during freeze–thaw deterioration. To address this challenge, we propose herein a new method to determine the thermal parameters of wet‐screened dam concrete during freeze–thaw deterioration. This method involves freeze–thaw testing, temperature perturbation, numerical calculation, and optimization inversion. First, 200 rapid freeze–thaw tests and 5 temperature perturbation tests of 5 concrete specimens were carried out. Next, orthogonal design parameters were used to calculate the temperature field of the specimens via the finite‐element method. A neural network was then established based on the difference between the measured and calculated temperatures. The expected difference and measured density were fed into the model to invert the thermal parameters of the concrete for different water–cement ratios, ages, and content of the air‐entraining agent. The results show that, upon increasing the number of freeze–thaw cycles, the thermal conductivity of wet‐screened dam concrete gradually decreases, the specific heat remains relatively constant, and the surface heat‐transfer coefficient gradually increases.
Steady‐State Dual‐Rate Open‐Loop Transfer Function Model‐Based Ripple‐Free Design
Authors: Yasui Ryota , Kawaguchi Natsuki , Sato Takao , Araki Nozomu , Konishi Yasuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe dual‐rate control system, in which the sampling interval is an integer multiple of the holding interval, is designed using the null‐space of the steady‐state characteristic of the controlled plant. In the proposed method, a dual‐rate control law is extended independent of the steady‐state discrete‐time output response. As a result, the intersample ripples caused by the input oscillation are eliminated by reallocating the control input. The proposed method based on the steady‐state characteristic is a simple strategy compared with conventional methods based on the dynamic characteristic. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Study on No‐Load Loss and Rotor Contact Resistance of Asynchronous Motor
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Guo Yali , Bai Lianping 
Published: July 2021

In induction motor no‐load test, the no‐load losses usually include the stator copper loss, iron loss, the friction, and the windage losse, and the stray loss, and the rotor aluminum loss often is ignored. In this paper, a new method that separates the rotor aluminum loss from the no‐load losses is mentioned. Although, in IEEE Standard 112 and IEC34‐2, the rotor aluminum loss is neglected in no‐load test. However, in proposed method, the rotor aluminum loss is considered as an important part of the no‐load loss. Therefore, this paper intends to develop a new testing method to obtain the rotor aluminum loss under no‐load condition. In this case, six induction motors of the same kind (3 kW, four‐poles) are chosen to carry out no‐load and ideal no‐load tests. Through the comparative analysis of experimental data, the no‐load rotor aluminum loss accounts for about 13.4% of the no‐load loss, and the test approach can also explain that this part loss is not generated by higher harmonics. Based on these results, this paper demonstrates that the rotor contact resistance has great influence for the no‐load rotor aluminum loss, and a rotor resistance analysis model with rotor contact resistance is proposed. Final, the proposed method offers the possibility of taking measures on rotor resistance to improve motor efficiency. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sterically Encumbered Coordination Sites. Iron(II) Complexes of Jäger‐type ligands with a Terphenyl Backbone
Authors: Dürrmann Andreas , Hörner Gerald , Wagner Stefan , Breuning Matthias , Weber Birgit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA Schiff base‐like ligand H2LTerPh featuring a para‐terphenyl backbone was synthesized and converted in two steps to an octahedral iron(II) coordination polymer with 1,2‐bis‐(4‐pyridyl)‐ethylene as bridging ligand. Single crystal X‐ray structure analysis was possible for the free ligand and the two octahedral iron(II) complexes. The Schiff base‐like ligand features a [N2O2]2− coordination sphere for the metal center and the para‐terphenyl backbone introduces intrinsic steric constraint. Characterization of the coordination polymer with an N4O2 coordination sphere around the iron center via magnetic measurements (SQUID) and room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed HS character in the entire temperature range investigated. Structure modelling with DFT calculations supports the findings, but support also the possibility of spin crossover in solution.
Alternative Routes
Authors: Jonker Jan , Faber Niels 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis book is designed to support you to work through the ten building blocks of the Business Model Template (BMT), grouped into three stages, from left to right and top to bottom. The underlying idea is to develop a business model from scratch by following the various steps in the Business Model Template in a straightforward and almost linear manner. There is nothing wrong with your first attempt at developing a business model. But there are many other possible routes. Here we outline five possible alternatives: (1) Idea-driven, (2) Proposition-driven, (3) Network-driven, (4) Impact-driven, and (5) Competence-driven. Depending on your circumstances, the networks you have access to, and the nature of the idea you would like to pursue, an alternative route might be worth looking at. You can still use all of the building blocks of the Business Model Template, but in a different order. That part is up to you.
The Art of Doing
Authors: Jonker Jan , Faber Niels 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the Business Model Template (BMT) is to help you turn your idea into a viable project or organization. To illustrate this, two real-life case studies are offered in this chapter. Firstly, the KipCaravan project, which is a mobile home—a caravan—for chickens. It involves low-scale egg production in several locations. Secondly, the Sun at School NSV2 project in the city of Nijmegen. For both projects you will find a step-by-step description of the different routes followed. As you will see, the interpretation of the building blocks is different for every project and there is no best order in which to stack the building blocks. Bear in mind that both projects are still up and running successfully at the time of writing. These examples are shown in simplified versions and with the benefit of hindsight, of course. Perhaps the essence of doing business is having the courage to start without a ready-made recipe.
Business Modelling
Authors: Jonker Jan , Faber Niels 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA transition from a linear economy to a more sustainable and circular economy requires different business models. In this chapter, we provide you with an introduction to the nature and logic of business models. In essence, a business model is a description of how value creation between parties or partners is organized, at a particular moment, in a specific context, and given available resources. Conventional business modelling approaches have several weaknesses—the main point of criticism being their focus on creating financial value. With the Business Model Template (BMT), we try to resolve most of these criticisms. To do so we introduce three archetypal business models: the platform, community, and circular economy business models. This chapter provides an overview on how, over three stages and ten building blocks that together make up the Business Model Template, these archetypal business models will be used.
Strategy
Authors: Jonker Jan , Faber Niels 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the nature of strategy. We have touched upon the subject in earlier chapters but here we present a typology of strategies. We define strategy as a route consisting of a set of deliberate actions leading to realizing your sustainable value proposition. Strategy can be approached as a plan or a process. Six strategies are distinguished: (1) eco-efficiency, (2) product as a service, (3) use optimization, (4) lifespan extension, (5) cascading, and (6) community building. Each of these strategies can be used as a stand-alone strategy or in a balanced combination while developing one of the business model archetypes. Which of these strategies or combinations you choose depends on the specific circumstances and stakeholders involved and the context in which you are seeking to realize your business model, as well as the underlying value proposition. A functional strategy is fundamentally a matter of clear, reasoned and actionable choices.
Co-constructing an Opportunity with a Community of Inquiry
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEntrepreneurs can learn about potential opportunitiesthrough social interactions with communities of inquiry. However, how do entrepreneurs build such communities, and how do they engage community members over time to develop their potential opportunities? Building on a recent study of eight new ventures and their communities of inquiry over nine months (Shepherd et al. in Journal of Business Venturing, 106033), this chapter presents a social model of opportunity development. The chapter explains how entrepreneurial teams that progress well toward market launch consist of varied specialists who openly engage their communities of inquiry. This open engagement leads such teams to gather diverse information, generate multiple alternatives (technology and market), and test conjectures about their potential opportunities through disconfirmation. In contrast, unsuccessful entrepreneurial teams rely on focused engagement with their communities of inquiry. This focused engagement leads these teams to gather specific information, generate a few related alternatives, and seek to confirm their opportunity conjectures. This chapter highlights new insights into entrepreneurial teams’ engagement with communities of inquiry to explain opportunity development and, ultimately, new venture progress.
Managing New Ventures
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe creation of new ventures and growing them into well-established organizations is the key purpose of managing new ventures. This chapter explains the 10 most essential subtopics for managing new ventures (Shepherd et al. in Journal of Management 47:11–42, 2021): (1) lead founder, (2) founding team, (3) social relationships, (4) cognitions, (5) emergent organizing, (6) new venture strategy, (7) organizational emergence, (8) new venture legitimacy, (9) founder exit, and (10) entrepreneurial environment. This chapter ties these “managing” subtopics into the three major stages of the entrepreneurial process—co-creating, organizing, and performing. The framework provides a cohesive story of managing new ventures.
Scaling New Ventures
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough scaling is a “hot topic” in the practitioner literature, it has mostly been ignored (at least explicitly) in the academic literature. Building on a recent editorial, this chapter highlights the importance of scaling for new venture growth. Scaling refers to spreading excellence within a venture as it grows (organically or through acquisition) from a new (and often small) organization to an established, large organization (Shepherd & Patzelt in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720950599, 2020). In this chapter, we explore the drivers and consequences of scaling and explain how knowledge management facilitates scaling, how founder replacement impacts scaling, and how current scaling influences subsequent scaling.
(Un)doing gender in den räumlichen Arrangements der Kita
Authors: Vogt Franziska 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungUm Alltagspraktiken desdoingundundoing genderin der Kita zu beschreiben, muss auch der Raum einbezogen werden. Wie die Kita alsgendered organisation(Acker 1990) verstanden wird, zeigt sich auch der Kitaraum alsgendered. Die Pädagogik der frühen Kindheit weist dem Raum und den Spielmaterialien eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Im Kontext des Forschungsprojekts stellt sich die Frage, welche Möglichkeiten fürdoingundundoing genderin den räumlichen Arrangements der Kitas bereitgestellt werden und auf welche Weisen der geplante Raum mit seinen Ordnungsstrukturen und Repräsentationendoingoder aberundoing gendervermittelt und nahelegt. Auf der Basis der visuellen Ethnographie (Pink, 2008) wurden in Raumbegehungen in zwanzig Kitas Fotos der Räume und Spielangebote sowie Raumskizzen gemacht. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Zuteilung von Spielangeboten als Jungen- oder Mädchenspiel die räumliche Anordnung in mehreren Bereichen stärker strukturiert als die ebenfalls traditionellen Zuordnungen zu Spielformen oder Bildungsbereichen. Genderismen (Goffman 1994) als Differenzvorstellungen sind nach wie vor im räumlichen Arrangement der Kitas verankert.