bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation framework for BIM-based VR applications in design phase
Authors: Kim Jung In , Li Sining , Chen Xingbin , Keung Calvin , Suh Minjae , Kim Tae Wan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The integration of building information modeling (BIM) and virtual reality (VR) has attracted increasing attention in the architecture engineering and construction (AEC) industry. Despite the rapid emergence of BIM-based VR applications, no evaluation framework specialized for the technologies exists in the AEC industry. After extensively reviewing existing studies and interviewing experts, the research team proposed an evaluation framework for BIM-based VR applications, which consists of 3 stages, 5 areas, 14 criteria, and 29 metrics and focuses on the design phase of the projects. To assess the usefulness of the framework, the team applied it to five BIM-based VR applications using a BIM-based design project for an educational building in Hong Kong. The team also interviewed experts to discuss the comprehensiveness of the framework. The results show that the framework provides consistent results for comprehensive evaluation criteria and metrics in a quantitative and flexible manner. Further research that considers additional criteria and/or metrics related to other phases (e.g. construction phase) is required to extend the framework to the whole lifecycle.
Application of Value Frameworks to the Design of Clinical Trials: The Canadian Cancer Trials Group Experience
Authors: Del Paggio Joseph C , Fundytus Adam M , Hopman Wilma M , Pater Joseph L , Chen Bingshu E , Brundage Michael D , Hay Annette E , Booth Christopher M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Use of value framework thresholds in the design of clinical trials may increase the proportion of randomized controlled trials that identify clinically meaningful advances for patients. Existing frameworks have not been applied to the research output of a cooperative cancer trials group. We apply value frameworks to the randomized controlled trial output of the Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG).

Methods
Statistical design, study characteristics, and results of all published phase III trials of CCTG were abstracted. We applied the European Society for Medical Oncology-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) and American Society of Clinical Oncology Net Health Benefit to study results and the statistical power calculations to identify the proportion of all trials that were designed to detect a substantial clinical benefit.

Results
During 1979 to 2017, CCTG published 113 phase III trials; 52.2% (59 of 113) of these trials were positive. One-half (50.4%, 57 of 113) of the trials were conducted in the palliative setting. In 37.2% (42 of 113) of trials, the primary endpoint was overall survival; disease-free survival or progression-free survival was used in 38.9% (44 of 113) of trials. The ESMO-MCBS could be applied to the power calculation for 69 trials; 73.9% (51 of 69) of these trials were designed to detect an effect size that could meet ESMO-MCBS thresholds for substantial benefit. Among the 51 positive trials for which the ESMO-MCBS could be applied, 41.1% (21 of 51) met thresholds for substantial benefit.

Conclusions
Most CCTG phase III trials were designed to detect clinically meaningful differences in outcome, although less than one-half of positive trials met the threshold for substantial benefit. Application of value frameworks to the design of clinical trials is practical and may improve research efficiency and treatment options for patients.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Second Cancer Among Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Feigelson Heather Spencer , Bodelon Clara , Powers J David , Curtis Rochelle E , Buist Diana S M , Veiga Lene H S , Bowles Erin J Aiello , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Gierach Gretchen L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk for developing second primary cancers compared with the general population. Little is known about whether body mass index (BMI) increases this risk. We examined the association between BMI and second cancers among women with incident invasive breast cancer.

Methods
This retrospective cohort included 6481 patients from Kaiser Permanente Colorado and Washington of whom 822 (12.7%) developed a second cancer (mean follow-up was 88.0 months). BMI at the first cancer was extracted from the medical record. Outcomes included: 1) all second cancers, 2) obesity-related second cancers, 3) any second breast cancer, and 4) estrogen receptor–positive second breast cancers. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for second cancers associated with BMI adjusted for site, diagnosis year, treatment, demographic, and tumor characteristics.

Results
The mean age at initial breast cancer diagnosis was 61.2 (SD = 11.8) years. Most cases were overweight (33.4%) or obese (33.8%) and diagnosed at stage I (62.0%). In multivariable models, for every 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the risk of any second cancer diagnosis increased by 7% (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.14); 13% (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.21) for obesity-related cancers, 11% (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.21) for a second breast cancer, and 15% (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.27) for a second estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer.

Conclusions
We observed a statistically significant increased risk of second cancers associated with increasing BMI. These findings have important public health implications given the prevalence of overweight and obesity in breast cancer survivors and underscore the need for effective prevention strategies.
Interventions by Common Owners
Authors: Shekita Nathan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Common ownership exists when investors concurrently hold partial and significant shares in related firms. In this paper, I compile, document, and taxonomize 30 separate cases of intervention to demonstrate how common owners influence firm behavior. Although previous literature has identified a link between common ownership and product market outcomes, critics have questioned a common owner’s ability and incentive to alter the behavior of portfolio firms. Missing from the debate are observable interventions from common owners and the mechanisms through which common owners exercise their influence. This paper compiles relevant case studies from media coverage, regulatory proceedings, policy groups, and annual stewardship reports to uncover these channels.
A taxonomic and phylogenetic perspective on plant community assembly along an elevational gradient in subtropical forests
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhang Zhaochen , Shang Kankan , Zhao Mingshui , Kong Jiaxin , Wang Xin , Wang Yuzhuo , Song Houjuan , Zhang Oukai , Lv Xuan , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsBiodiversity patterns along elevational gradients have been well documented. Yet, the variations of biodiversity patterns along elevations and their underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Integrating multiple facets of biodiversity provides novel insights into the mechanisms for driving community assembly. In this study, species abundance information was incorporated into taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity to reveal the ecological and evolutionary forces of plant community assembly along an elevational gradient in subtropical forests.MethodsWe selected 17 woody plant plots along an elevational gradient from 270 to 1470 m in eastern China’s subtropical forests. Both presence-based and abundance-based measures of angiosperm species were used to quantify taxonomic alpha diversity, phylogenetic alpha diversity, phylogenetic relatedness, as well as taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarity among these plots. And the relations between these measures and climatic and topographic variables were analyzed.Important FindingsFor both abundance-weighted and unweighted measures, we observed an overall increasing pattern for taxonomic alpha diversity along elevation, and distance-decay trends of taxonomic and phylogenetic similarity with increased elevational distances. However, there were disparity patterns of phylogenetic alpha diversity between abundance-weighted and unweighted measures. For phylogenetic structure, there was no significant trend along elevation. Both topographical and microclimatic variables were main drivers of diversity patterns and phylogenetic structure. Compared with unweighted measures, abundance-weighted measures were strongly related with the slope and stand basal area. Overall, our results prove that deterministic processes mediated by local species abundance imprint on plant community composition along the elevational gradient.
Effects of mosaic biological soil crusts on vascular plant establishment in a coastal saline land of the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Feng Lu , Xia Jiang-Bao , Liu Jing-Tao , Song Ai-Yun , Chen Yin-Ping , Zhao Xi-Mei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
The effects of biocrusts on vascular plants are rarely evaluated in coastal saline lands. Our aim was to examine whether and how a mosaic of biocrusts affect seed germination of two typical herbaceous plants in a coastal saline land of the Yellow River Delta, to enhance our understanding by which substrate heterogeneity influences plant community dynamics.

Methods
We conducted growth chamber experiments to investigate the effects of biocrusts and uncrusted soil from bare patch-, Phragmites australis-, Suaeda glauca- and Tamarix chinensis-dominated habitats on seed germination percentage and mean germination time of two herbaceous plants: the perennial P. australis and the annual S. glauca. We also explored the mechanisms underlying the effects of substrate on seed germination.

Important Findings
Compared with uncrusted soil, biocrusts increased water content, nutrient accumulation and concentration of most salt ions, but they reduced soil pH value. Biocrusts with mosses directly decreased soil pH value and concentration of Mg2+, resulting in an indirect increase in seed germination percentage of S. glaucas. The low soil pH value also resulted in an indirect decrease in seed germination speed of P. australis in their own habitats. Bare patch directly increased accumulation of Cl−, resulting in an indirect decrease in seed germination speed of P. australis. These results suggest that biocrusts with mosses in P. australis habitats offer a window of opportunity for germination of S. glaucas. Biocrusts combined with habitat type have the potential to influence plant community structure through an effect on seed germination and establishment.
Dipper-like variability of the Gaia alerted young star V555 Ori
Authors: Nagy Zsófia , Szegedi-Elek Elza , Ábrahám Péter , Kóspál Ágnes , Bódi Attila , Bouvier Jérôme , Kun Mária , Moór Attila , Cseh Borbála , Farkas-Takács Anikó , Hanyecz Ottó , Hodgkin Simon , Ignácz Bernadett , Kiss Csaba , Könyves-Tóth Réka , Kriskovics Levente , Marton Gábor , Mészáros László , Ordasi András , Pál András , Sarkis Paula , Sárneczky Krisztián , Sódor Ádám , Szabados László , Szabó Zsófia Marianna , Szakáts Róbert , Tarczay-Nehéz Dóra , Vida Krisztián , Zsidi Gabriella 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
V555 Ori is a T Tauri star, whose 1.5 mag brightening was published as a Gaia science alert in 2017. We carried out optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometric, and optical spectroscopic observations to understand the light variations. The light curves show that V555 Ori was faint before 2017, entered a high state for about a year, and returned to the faint state by mid-2018. In addition to the long-term flux evolution, quasi-periodic brightness oscillations were also evident, with a period of about 5 d. At optical wavelengths both the long-term and short-term variations exhibited colourless changes, while in the NIR they were consistent with changing extinction. We explain the brightness variations as the consequence of changing extinction. The object has a low accretion rate whose variation in itself would not be enough to reproduce the optical flux changes. This behaviour makes V555 Ori similar to the pre-main sequence star AA Tau, where the light changes are interpreted as periodic eclipses of the star by a rotating inner disc warp. The brightness maximum of V555 Ori was a moderately obscured (AV = 2.3 mag) state, while the extinction in the low state was AV = 6.4 mag. We found that while the Gaia alert hinted at an accretion burst, V555 Ori is a standard dipper, similar to the prototype AA Tau. However, unlike in AA Tau, the periodic behaviour was also detectable in the faint phase, implying that the inner disc warp remained stable in both the high and low states of the system.
The effects of asymmetric dark matter on stellar evolution – I. Spin-dependent scattering
Authors: Raen Troy J , Martínez-Rodríguez Héctor , Hurst Travis J , Zentner Andrew R , Badenes Carles , Tao Rachel 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Most of the dark matter (DM) search over the last few decades has focused on weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), but the viable parameter space is quickly shrinking. Asymmetric dark matter (ADM) is a WIMP-like DM candidate with slightly smaller masses and no present-day annihilation, meaning that stars can capture and build up large quantities. The captured ADM can transport energy through a significant volume of the star. We investigate the effects of spin-dependent ADM energy transport on stellar structure and evolution in stars with 0.9 ≤ M⋆/M⊙ ≤ 5.0 in varying DM environments. We wrote a mesa module1 that calculates the capture of DM and the subsequent energy transport within the star. We fix the DM mass to 5 GeV and the cross-section to 10−37 cm2, and study varying environments by scaling the DM capture rate. For stars with radiative cores (0.9 ≤ M⋆/M⊙ ≲ 1.3 ), the presence of ADM flattens the temperature and burning profiles in the core and increases main-sequence (MS) (Xc &gt; 10−3) lifetimes by up to $\sim \! 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. We find that strict requirements on energy conservation are crucial to the simulation of ADM’s effects on these stars. In higher mass stars, ADM energy transport shuts off core convection, limiting available fuel and shortening MS lifetimes by up to $\sim \! 40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. This may translate to changes in the luminosity and effective temperature of the MS turnoff in population isochrones. The tip of the red giant branch may occur at lower luminosities. The effects are largest in DM environments with high densities and/or low velocity dispersions, making dwarf and early forming galaxies most likely to display the effects.
Copper(II) and iron(III) complexes of chiral dehydroabietic acid derived from natural rosin: metal effect on structure and cytotoxicity
Authors: Fei Bao-Li , Hui Chun-Nuan , Wei Zuzhuang , Kong Ling-Yan , Long Jian-Ying , Qiao Chunhua , Chen Zhen-Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel optically pure dinuclear copper(II) complex of a rosin derivative dehydroabietic acid (DHA, HL) was synthesized and fully characterized. The in vitro antitumor activities of the copper(II) complex Cu2(µ2-O)(L)4(DMF)2 (1) were explored and compared with those of a trinuclear iron(III) complex [Fe3(µ3-O)(L)6(CH3OH)2(CH3O)]·H2O (2). 1 was more cytotoxic than 2, and the in vitro cytotoxicity of 1 was comparable to that of cisplatin and oxaliplatin. The metal coordination improved the cytotoxicity of DHA. 1 could arrest cycle in G1 phase and induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cell. 1 increased reactive oxygen species level, GSSG/GSH ratio, and Ca2+ production, and caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in MCF-7 cells. The up-regulated Bax and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression levels, caspase-9/caspase-3 activation, and the release of Cyt c demonstrate that 1 triggered mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Caspase-8/caspase-4 activation and up-regulated Fas expression indicate that death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis was included. Comet assay and up-regulated γ-H2AX and p53 expressions confirmed that 1 caused DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, 1 led to enhancement of the biomarker of lipid peroxidation and the indicator of protein carbonylation in MCF-7 cells. All the results suggest that 1 could kill MCF-7 cells by generating oxidative stress, impairing DNA, promoting lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, and inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, 1 also displayed antimetastatic activities with inhibition of cell invasion and migration, together with antiangiogenesis properties. On the whole, copper complex based on rosin derivatives is worth developing as metal-based antitumor drugs.
Perceptions of Tobacco Product-Specific COVID-19 Risk and Changes in Tobacco Use Behaviors Among Smokers, E-Cigarette Users, and Dual Users
Authors: White Augustus M , Li Dongmei , Snell L Morgan , O’Connor Richard , Hoetger Cosima , Croft Daniel , Lester Rebecca C , McIntosh Scott , Underwood Megan , Schneller Liane , Breland Alison , Barnes Andrew J , Cobb Caroline O , Ossip Deborah J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health crisis, but its effects on tobacco users remain ill-defined. This report aimed to assess the relationship between tobacco product-specific risk perceptions for COVID-19 and changes in tobacco use since the start of the pandemic.

Methods
A sample (n = 776) of past-30 day exclusive smokers (n = 238), exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 143), and dual users (n = 395) residing in the US and aged 18 or older were collected using Mechanical Turk from April 27 to June 8, 2020. Adjusted associations between tobacco product-specific COVID-19 risk perceptions (ie risk that smokers/vapers are at for COVID-19 relative to non-smokers/non-vapers) and changes in tobacco use since the pandemic began were assessed using partial proportional odds models.

Results
A majority of those who used cigarettes (63.7%) and e-cigarettes (56.1%) felt that the risk of COVID-19 was greater for users of their tobacco product than for non-users. Twenty-four percent of smokers had increased their cigarette use since the start of the pandemic and 28.0% had decreased. Similarly, 27.3% of e-cigarette users had increased their e-cigarette use since the start of the pandemic and 23.8% had decreased. Higher risk perceptions for COVID-19 were associated with reductions in tobacco use since the pandemic began for exclusive e-cigarette users and dual users.

Conclusions
These findings provide the support that tobacco product-specific COVID-19 risk perceptions may be an important correlate of changes in tobacco use during the pandemic. Targeted information to inform tobacco users regarding their risks for COVID-19 is needed during this public health crisis.

Implications
Few published studies have investigated the relationship between tobacco product-specific risk perceptions for COVID-19 and changes in tobacco product use since the pandemic began. This study enhances the current literature by providing evidence that higher tobacco product-specific risk perceptions for COVID-19 are associated with reductions in tobacco use since the pandemic began for exclusive e-cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Additionally, daily tobacco users may be more likely to have increased their tobacco use than non-daily users. These findings emphasize the importance of disseminating targeted health information to tobacco users regarding COVID-19 risks.
Lyme Carditis in Hospitalized Children and Adults, a Case Series
Authors: Shen Richard V , McCarthy Carol A , Smith Robert P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Lyme carditis is an uncommon manifestation of Lyme disease. This report compares Lyme carditis presentation, management, and outcomes in pediatric and adult populations.

Methods
Charts of pediatric and adult patients with heart block (PR interval &gt;300 ms) and positive Lyme serologies hospitalized in Portland, Maine, between January 2010 and December 2018 were analyzed. Data on medical history, presentation, treatment, and outcomes are described.

Results
Ten children and 20 adults were admitted for Lyme carditis between June and October. Ninety percent were male, and 87% had no prior cardiac history. Seventeen had outpatient evaluation before admission. Of these, a minority (41%) had Lyme disease suspected in the outpatient setting, and fewer (12%) were initiated on Lyme disease treatment. The most common alternate diagnoses were viral illness and erythema multiforme. More children than adults had disseminated erythema migrans and fever. First-degree heart block was more prevalent in children, and Mobitz type 2 heart block was more prevalent in adults. Ten patients presented with syncope. Proportionately more adults needed temporary pacing. Children had shorter antibiotic durations compared with adults. Of the 30 cases, 27 had improved heart block, while 3 adults required a pacemaker at discharge. Nine children and 14 adults were discharged with a PR 200–300 ms. There was a single death in this series.

Conclusions
Cases tended to be younger males. Most patients had some heart block on discharge. Of patients evaluated as outpatients, Lyme disease was suspected in 41%. Improved early recognition and treatment of Lyme disease may decrease Lyme carditis.
Mortality threat mitigates interpersonal competition: an EEG-based hyperscanning study
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Pan Yafeng , Zhang Ruqian , Bei Litian , Li Xianchun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAwareness of death has been shown to influence human cognition and behavior. Yet, how mortality threat (MT) impacts our daily social behavior remains elusive. To address this issue, we developed a dyadic experimental model and recruited 86 adults (43 dyads) to complete two computer-based tasks (i.e. competitive and cooperative button-pressing). We manipulated dyads’ awareness of death [MT vs neutral control (NC)] and simultaneously measured their neurophysiological activity using electroencephalography during the task. Several fundamental observations were made. First, the MT group showed significantly attenuated competition and slightly promoted cooperation. Second, compared to NC, MT significantly decreased gamma-band inter-brain synchronization (IBS) in the competitive context, which was associated with increased subjective fear of death within dyads. Notably, those effects were context-specific: we did not observe comparable results in the cooperative context. Finally, a machine-learning approach was successfully used to discriminate between the MT and NC groups based on accumulated IBS. Together, these findings indicate that MT to some extent mitigates interpersonal competition, and such mitigation might be associated with changes in gamma-band IBS.