bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐loop model for fractional pole‐path ratio synchronous generators with stator winding internal faults
Authors: Xiao Shiyong , Ge Baojun , Liu Zhihui , Tao Dajun 
Published: February 2021

Fractional pole‐ratio winding is a new type of AC winding, consisting of coils with different pitches. The application of fractional pole‐path ratio windings in synchronous generators will bring new problems to the modelling and simulation of internal faults. It is important to establish a mathematical model for the fractional pole‐path ratio synchronous generators with internal faults and accurately calculate the fault currents. In this study, the multi‐loop model of fractional pole‐path ratio synchronous generators is first proposed. The method for calculating mutual inductances between stator coils with arbitrary pitch is given, and all the space harmonics, including the fractional ones, are considered in the inductance calculation. In order to improve the simulation accuracy of turn‐to‐turn faults, the effect of core localised saturation is modelled by modifying the air gap function of fault coils. A 300 MW fractional pole‐path ratio synchronous generator is set as an example, and three types of internal faults are simulated. The comparisons of simulation results are made between the multi‐loop model and the finite element model to verify the validity of the multi‐loop model proposed in this study.
Crossed flat solenoid coupler for stationary electric vehicle wireless charging featuring high misalignment tolerance
Authors: Yao Yousu , Tang Chengxiong , Wang Yijie 
Published: February 2021

This study proposes a crossed flat solenoid coupler (CFSC) for electric vehicle wireless charging. The impact of four size parameters of CFSCs on coupling coefficient and misalignment tolerance is studied using finite‐element analysis. The optimisation methodology of CFSCs considering size constraints is given. The CFSC is compared with the planar square coupler (PSC) and double D coupler (DDC) from three aspects: coupling coefficient, misalignment tolerance, and copper usage. The CFSC performs the best in the three aspects, and the DDC performs the worst. Two wireless power transfer prototypes, one employing CFSCs and the other utilising PSCs, were built to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed coupler. Primary inductor‐capacitor‐capacitor secondary series compensation topologies were employed in the two prototypes. Experiments agree well with theoretical analysis and simulations. The power transfer efficiency of the CFSC‐based prototype was 1.6% higher than the PSC‐based prototype when the Z‐axis displacement is 45 mm.
Diagnosis of the single phase‐to‐ground fault in distribution network based on feature extraction and transformation from the waveforms
Authors: Shi Fang , Zhang Linlin , Zhang Hengxu , Xu Kai , Vladimir Terzija 
Published: February 2021

The increasing permeation of the distributed generators in the power system brings great challenges for fault diagnosis, especially for the distribution networks with ungrounded neutral or grounded by Peterson coil as the fault current is limited and easily affected by the noises and interferences. A single phase‐to‐ground fault section identification method is proposed based on feature extraction of the synchronous waveforms and the calculation of the eigenvalues for the time‐sequenced features. First, several fault features are defined and extracted from the synchronous current waveforms obtained by the fault recorders. Then, the topology related fault feature matrix is constructed using the time‐series features obtained from different measurement sites, and the eigenvalues of the matrix are calculated based on the random matrix theory. Lastly, using the distribution characteristics of the eigenvalues, improved K‐means clustering algorithm is utilised in classifying the fault cases and identifying the faulty sections. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by IEEE 34 nodes test system and a multi‐feeder distribution network.
Investigation of a novel multi‐input‐single‐output DC–DC converter topology with GWO‐based MPPT controller for energy harvesting using Seebeck generators at different thermal gradients
Authors: Thankakan Rakesh , Samuel Nadar Edward Rajan 
Published: February 2021

This research work proposes an energy harvesting system using Seebeck generators (SGs) with a novel multi‐input‐single‐output (MISO) DC–DC converter and grey‐wolf optimisation (GWO)‐based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller at different thermal gradients. The thermoelectric modules (TEMs) of the SGs convert the thermal energy dissipated by the stator windings of the wind generator (WG) to electrical energy. The proposed MISO power converter topologies have been analysed for two‐inputs, four‐inputs, n‐inputs, and a single‐output for producing higher output power to power a DC micro‐grid. It has the benefit of higher voltage gain and lower voltage stresses on metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor switches. The GWO‐based MPPT is employed in this work that overcomes the drawbacks of traditional MPPT methods such as steady‐state oscillation, transients, global convergence capability, and lower MPPT tracking accuracy under non‐uniform temperature conditions. The MPPT controller has effectively tracked a maximum power with a higher tracking accuracy of 98.19%, and the converter has an efficiency of 90.77% corresponding to the wind velocity of 12.9 m/s of the WG. Also, the TEMs are associated in a square series–parallel configuration, and the MISO power converter is analysed with a GWO‐based MPPT controller.
Escherichia coli DH5α functionalised magnetite nanoparticles applied for the magnetic extraction of bacteriophages
Authors: Pacios‐Michelena Sandra , Rodríguez‐Herrera Raúl , Rincón‐Enríquez Gabriel , Ramos‐González Rodolfo , Flores‐Gallegos Adriana C. , Chávez‐González Mónica L. , Segura‐Ceniceros Elda P. , Ilyina Anna 
Published: February 2021

The study presents the design of a magnetic nanosystem functionalised with Escherichia coli for bacteriophage isolation. The chitosan‐coated nanoparticles (C‐MNP) were synthesised by coprecipitation, then functionalised with E. coli cells. Different concentrations of C‐MNP and incubation times were tested. The immobilisation kinetics and adsorption isotherm were studied. The kinetics was described with the pseudo‐stationary state after 30 min. The isotherm was linearized in the Freundlich model. Thermogravimetric analysis verified the functionalisation of C‐MNP with E. coli. The complex was used for the extraction of coliphage, for the analysis of the effect of time and salt concentration on phage desorption, and phage extractions with the reuse of the magnetic nanosystem. Compared with traditional methods, an increase in the phage titre collected with the nanocomplex was achieved. The obtained results suggest that C‐MNP/E. coli nanosystem can be used at least three cycles for the phage extraction. The release of the phages from the nanosystem was sensitive to the salt concentration. The use of a designed nano‐bio complex allowed a rapid and efficient separation of the phages from the water sample under the application of an external magnetic field, and with the possibility of reusing the magnetic complex.
Solvothermal synthesis and characterisation of doped TiO2 nanocrystals for light scattering applications
Authors: Dubey Raghvendra S. , Pathan Habib.M. , Kale Bharat B. , Ambekar Jalindar D. 
Published: February 2021

Mesoporous nanoparticles have a larger surface area and therefore, suitable for dye‐sensitised solar cells and photocatalytic applications. This Letter presents the analysis of solvothermal derived as‐prepared TiO2 and doped TiO2 nanocrystals by utilising acetone as the solvent. The as‐prepared and doped TiO2 nanoparticles endorsed the presence of anatase phase along with the slightly deviated diffraction peaks with the reduced crystallite size as a result of doping. Surface morphology analyses evidenced the mesoporous microspheres of nanoparticles, whereas the stoichiometry study exhibited the elementary peaks in the as‐prepared and doped samples. The estimated optical bandgaps are found to be 2.68, 2.92, 2.48 and 2.88 eV in accordance with the doped TiO2 with copper, tin, barium and zinc–magnesium as compared to 3.16 eV of TiO2. Doped samples evidenced the enhanced scattering capability, whereas tin and zinc–magnesium co‐doped samples demonstrated the highest diffuse reflectance in a broad wavelength range from 550 to 800 nm.
Hybrid game approach‐based channel congestion control for the Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Amer Hayder M. , Al‐Kashoash Hayder , Ma Shuang , Khami Mohammed J. , Mihaylova Lyudmila 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCommunications between the Internet of Vehicles in smart cities helps increase the awareness and safety among drivers. However, the channel congestion problem is considered as a key challenge for the communication networks due to continuing collection and exchange of traffic information in dense environments. The channel congestion problem degrades the efficiency and reliability of the ad hoc network. Therefore, the adaptation of the data rate and power control is considered as one of the effective solutions to mitigate channel congestion. A new hybrid game transmission rate and power channel congestion control approach on the Internet of Vehicle networks where the nodes play as greedy opponents demanding high information rates with the maximum power level are developed. Furthermore, the existence of a Nash equilibrium, which is the optimal information rate and power transmission for every vehicle, is established. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach enhances the network performance by an overall percentage of 42.27%, 43.94% and 47.66% regarding channel busy time, messages loss and data collision as compared with others. This increases the awareness and performance of the vehicular communication network.
Brandverletzungen auf Schiffen und Booten
Authors: Striepling Enno , Rudolf Klaus 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Arbeitsunfälle an Bord von Seeschiffen wiesen mit durchschnittlich 28 % verbrannter Körperoberfläche im Vergleich zu den Freizeitunfällen mit 9 % die ausgedehnteren Verletzungen auf. Alle 19 Verletzten befanden sich im erwerbsfähigen Alter. Die Brandverletzungen ereigneten sich überwiegend im Maschinenraum bzw. bei Tätigkeiten am Motor. Der Rettungsweg vom Unfallort an Bord bis zum definitiv versorgenden Brandverletztenzentrum erforderte den Einsatz verschiedener Rettungsmittel, wie z. B. Rettungshubschrauber, Rettungskreuzer sowie landgestützter Rettungsmittel. Achtzehn Patienten haben die Brandverletzung mit einem guten funktionellen Ergebnis überlebt, ein Verletzter ist bei infauster Prognose verstorben. Voraussetzung für ein gutes Outcome ist eine suffiziente Erstversorgung an Bord, eine technisch gut ausgestattete Rettungskette und das Zusammenwirken von erstbehandelndem Krankenhaus und dem aufnehmenden Brandverletztenzentrum.
Kompressionsfraktur als Ursache für anhaltende Beschwerden im Bereich des thorakolumbalen Übergangs
Authors: Lackenbauer Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEine 79-jährige Patientin wird mit Schmerzen in der Lendenwirbelsäule zur Physiotherapie überwiesen. Die Patientin hat seit Jahren intermittierende Schmerzen in der Lendenwirbelsäule. Vor 6 Wochen stürzte die Patientin auf der Treppe direkt auf das Gesäß und mit dem Rücken gegen die Stufen. Im Unfallkrankenhaus werden 2 gebrochene Rippen diagnostiziert. Seit dem Unfall klagt die Patientin über ungewöhnlich starke und anhaltende Schmerzen in der Lendenwirbelsäule, die vom Hausarzt 6 Wochen lang mit Infusionen und Interferenzstrom therapiert werden. Zusätzlich wird eine Überweisung zur Physiotherapie ausgestellt. Bei der Untersuchung durch den Physiotherapeuten gibt die Patientin starke Schmerzen in der Lendenwirbelsäule, vor allem bei langem Gehen, Bücken und Sitzen, an. Bei der körperlichen Untersuchung fällt besonders die markante Druckempfindlichkeit im Bereich des 1. Lendenwirbels (LWK 1) auf. Laut Patientin wurde bis dato kein bildgebendes Verfahren an der Lendenwirbelsäule durchgeführt (nur vom Brustkorb im Unfallkrankenhaus). Auf Grund vorhandener Risikofaktoren für eine mögliche osteoporotische Fraktur der Wirbelsäule (Geschlecht weiblich, hohes Alter, signifikantes Trauma) wird die Patientin mit der Bitte um radiologische Abklärung zum Hausarzt zurückgeschickt. Eine anschließend durchgeführte Röntgenuntersuchung bestätigt den Verdacht des Therapeuten – eine Impressionsfraktur des LWK 1 wird diagnostiziert.
Alkylzirconocenes in Organic Synthesis: An Overview
Authors: Jiang Chao , Qi Xiangbing , Yang Chao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrganozirconium chemistry has found extensive applications in organic synthesis since its discovery in the last century. Alkyl­zirconocenes, which are easily generated by the hydrozirconation of alkenes with the Schwartz reagent, are widely utilized for carbon–carbon­ and carbon–heteroatom bond formation. This short review summarizes the progress to date on the applications alkylzirconocenes in organic synthesis.1	Introduction2	General Methods for Generating Alkylzirconocenes3	Transformations of Alkylzirconocenes by Heteroatoms4	Insertion of Unsaturated Groups into Alkylzirconocenes5	Transmetalations6	Cross-Coupling Reactions of Alkylzirconocenes7	Photochemistry of Alkylzirconocenes8	Bimetallic Reagents of Zirconium9	Asymmetric Transformations10	Applications of Alkylzirconocenes Generated from the Negishi Reagent11	Conclusions and Outlook
The Value of OpenNotes for Pediatric Patients, Their Families and Impact on the Patient–Physician Relationship
Authors: Sarabu Chethan , Lee Tzielan , Hogan Adam , Pageler Natalie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background OpenNotes, the sharing of medical notes via a patient portal, has been extensively studied in adults but not in pediatric populations. This has been a contributing factor in the slower adoption of OpenNotes by children's hospitals. The 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule has mandated the sharing of clinical notes electronically to all patients and as health systems prepare to comply, some concerns remain particularly with OpenNotes for pediatric populations.
Objectives After a gradual implementation of OpenNotes at an academic pediatric center, we sought to better understand how pediatric patients and families perceived OpenNotes. This article presents the detailed steps of this informatics-led rollout and patient survey results with a focus on pediatric-specific concerns.
Methods We adapted a previous OpenNotes survey used for adult populations to a pediatric outpatient setting (with parents of children <12 years old). The survey was sent to patients and families via a notification email sent as a standard practice after a clinic visit, in English or Spanish.
Results Approximately 7% of patients/families with access to OpenNotes read the note during the study period, and 159 (20%) of those patients responded to the survey. Of the survey respondents, 141 (89%) of patients and families understood their notes; 126 (80%) found the notes always or usually accurate; 24 (15%) contacted their clinicians after reading a note; and 153 (97%) patients/families felt the same or better about their doctor after reading the note.
Conclusion Although limited by relatively low survey response rate, OpenNotes was well-received by parents of pediatric patients without untoward consequences. The main concerns pediatricians raise about OpenNotes proved to not be issues in the pediatric population. Our results demonstrate clear benefits to adoption of OpenNotes. This provides reassurance that the transition to sharing notes with pediatric patients can be successful and value additive.
Apolipoprotein-E Gene Polymorphism and Lipid Composition among IUGR and AGA Neonates
Authors: Elangovan Bharathi , N.T Rajesh , Subrahmanian Meenu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to study the profile of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism and lipid profile among intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates. This is an observational study. This study was done at the neonatal unit of a teaching hospital in South India. All consecutively born IUGR neonates (cases) of more than 32 weeks' gestational age and AGA neonates (controls) were enrolled for the study. Genomic DNA extraction was done from a total of 102 peripheral venous blood samples. Genotyping of the APOE rs429358 and rs7412 defining the ε2, ε3, and ε4 alleles was done by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Prefeed venous blood was collected and analyzed for lipid profile estimation. The allelic frequencies of cases versus control were ε2—9 (8.7%) versus 3 (2.9%); ε3—88 (84.6%) versus 81 (79.4%); and ε4–7 (6.7%) versus 18 (17.6%). The frequency of ε4 isoform allele, associated with adult onset of metabolic diseases was less among the IUGR group. The mean total cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein, and triglyceride (TG) were 107.59 ± 35.99, 51.69 ± 24.68, 21.75 ± 9.58, and 151.22 ± 61.84 mg/dL, respectively, in the IUGR group. The mean TC and LDL levels in IUGR group were marginally higher than AGA neonates (107 ± 35.99 vs. 100.37 ± 22.69 mg/dL and 51.69 ± 24.68 versus 46.9 ± 19.51 mg/dL, p > 0.05). In both groups, the mean TC and TGL levels were elevated in the ε4 isoform subgroup (p > 0.05). In our study, the ε2 allele was the second most predominant APOE isoform and the ε4 allele of the APOE gene associated with adult-onset diseases was not increased among IUGR neonates. Neonates with ε4 allele showed an abnormal lipid profile in both study groups suggesting a possible association.
Validation of the Role of Thrombin Generation Potential by a Fully Automated System in the Identification of Breast Cancer Patients at High Risk of Disease Recurrence
Authors: Marchetti Marina , Gomez-Rosas Patricia , Pesenti Marina , Verzeroli Cristina , Giaccherini Cinzia , Russo Laura , Sarmiento Roberta , Masci Giovanna , Celio Luigi , Minelli Mauro , Gamba Sara , Tartari Carmen Julia , Tondini Carlo , Giuliani Francesco , Petrelli Fausto , D'Alessio Andrea , Gasparini Giampietro , Labianca Roberto , Santoro Armando , De Braud Filippo , Falanga Anna ,   on behalf of the HYPERCAN Investigators
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The measurement of thrombin generation (TG) potential by the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) assay provides a strong contribution in identifying patients at high risk of early disease recurrence (E-DR). However, CAT assay still needs standardization and clinical validation.
Objective In this study, we aimed to validate the role of TG for E-DR prediction by means of the fully automated ST Genesia system.
Methods A prospective cohort of 522 patients from the HYPERCAN study with newly diagnosed resected high-risk breast cancer was included. Fifty-two healthy women acted as controls. Plasma samples were tested for protein C, free-protein S, and TG by ST Genesia by using the STG-ThromboScreen reagent with and without thrombomodulin (TM).
Results In the absence of TM, patients showed significantly higher peak and ETP compared with controls. In the presence of TM, significantly lower inhibition of ETP and Peak were observed in patients compared with controls. E-DR occurred in 28 patients; these patients had significantly higher peak and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in the absence of TM compared with disease-free patients. Multivariable analysis identified mastectomy, luminal B HER2-neg, triple negative subtypes, and ETP as independent risk factors for E-DR. These variables were combined to generate a risk assessment score, able to stratify patients in three-risk categories. The E-DR rates were 0, 4.7, and 13.5% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories (hazard ratio = 8.7; p < 0.05, low vs. high risk).
Conclusion Our data validate the ETP parameter with a fully automated standardized system and confirm its significant contribution in identifying high-risk early breast cancer at risk for E-DR during chemotherapy.
Selective Intra-Arterial Calcium Stimulation Venous Sampling Test for Preoperative Localization of Occult Neuroendocrine Tumors: Recall for an Old Technique
Authors: Patil Mangaladevi S. , Nezami Nariman , Bercu Zachary L. , Martin Louis G. , Dariushnia Sean R. , Xing Minzhi , Newsome Janice , Kokabi Nima 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Surgical resection is the curative treatment for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Noninvasive imaging is unreliable in localizing NETs measuring less than 2 cm. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of the selective intra-arterial calcium stimulation venous sampling test (SACST) for preoperative localization of functional NETs within the pancreas.
Methods This retrospective analysis of the patients referred for localization of radiologically occult functional NETs from 2004 to 2019 was performed at a single institution. The technical success, diagnostic accuracy, and complications of the test were evaluated.
Results Twenty-three patients underwent SACST. The SACST was technically successful in 100% of the patients. Lesions were successfully localized in 19 (83%) patients. Tumor blush was seen in one patient. The mean ± standard deviation of maximal dimension of the resected tumor was 2.0 ± 1.9 cm. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the SACST for localization of all lesions were 1.0, 0.57, 0.84, and 1.0, as well as 1.0, 0.57, 0.80, and 1.0 for insulinomas, respectively.
Conclusion SACST is a feasible, safe, well-tolerated, and effective procedure to preoperatively localize radiologically occult NETs within the pancreas.
A radiative type-II seesaw model with broken symmetry ansatz
Authors: Datta Satyabrata , Ghosal Ambar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Parametrization of the neutrino mass matrix in terms of well-known measured quantities is an attractive way to obtain a phenomenologically viable form. We propose a model of neutrino mass matrix based on type-II seesaw mechanism adhering the concept of badly broken symmetry. Two of the mixing angles are coming out as θ
23 ∼ 46.08°, θ
13 ∼ 8.69°. However, to accommodate the other oscillation parameters, we further add an extra doublet and the neutrino masses are generated through the Zee mechanism at the one loop level, and the modified model can admit all the extant data for a suitable choice of model parameters.