bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Attitude and Practices in Community Health Programs by the Pharmacists in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Sherwani Rehan Ahmad Khan , Aslam Maria , Gill Sajjad Ali , Farooq Muhammad , Saeed Sana , Younas Amna , Shahid Hira 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: A public health program intends to improve the health care services in society to lessen the disease burden particularly in the case of non-infectious diseases. This research work investigates the knowledge, practice, and attitude of pharmacists in community health programs offered by the government concerning their demographic associates.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey from 75 registered pharmacists is conducted in Lahore, Pakistan to explore the role of pharmacists in public health programs by using a self-administered questionnaire from January 01, 2021, to January 15, 2021. The collected data is analyzed through frequencies, percentages, and a chi-square test of association.
Results: Most of the pharmacists were in favor that the disease burden can be reduced by indulging pharmacists in public health programs. Many pharmacists already working on public health issues were screening of the blood glucose, blood pressure, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking cessation.
Conclusion: Like many other countries, Pakistan may also effectively accomplish its public health goals by offering training to the pharmacists and retaining them in public health programs at the pharmacy level.
A Study on Adverse Transfusion Reactions in a Secondary Care Hospital of Rural India
Authors: Sahithi Bogireddy , Prathyusha Polamada , Sree Kandibedala Chandana , Alekya Ramagoni , Narayana Goruntla , Sarma N. Hariharanadha 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The study aims to assess the incidence, causality, and severity of adverse transfusion reactions in patients transfused with blood or blood components at a secondary care referral hospital.
Study Design: A prospective observational study was conducted in the secondary care referral hospital located in rural settings of Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was conducted for a period of six months from May 2019 to October 2019
Methodology: All the patients transfused with blood or blood components in the hospital located in Andhra Pradesh during those six months study period were included. The transfusion reactions were reported to the blood bank in the Adverse Transfusion Reaction Report Form (ATRRF). Descriptive statistics were used to represent the adverse transfusion reactions.
Results: From 2549 transfusions, 30 adverse transfusion reactions were reported (1.17%).Most of the reactions reported were febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions FNHTRs (73.3%) followed by allergic reactions (20.0%). Transfusion reactions were predominant in females 21 (70.0%) than males 9 (30.0%). Most of the reactions were confirmed/definite (46.6%) in causality assessment and moderate (63.3%) in severity assessment. The incidence of adverse transfusion reactions was found to be 1.17%.
Conclusion: The study concludes that there was a low incidence of adverse transfusion reactions indicating probably underreporting in the healthcare system. This would be due to lack of knowledge regarding importance of surveillance and reporting of adverse transfusion reactions by blood or blood components. There was a need to conduct continuous educational programs (CEP) on hemovigilance system towards healthcare providers to improve the reporting practice. The study provides insights about type of adverse transfusion reactions and their causality and severity. This data helps in motivating the healthcare staff to report ATRs and also to develop strategies to handle preventable ATRs.
Detecting the Cause of Depression using BECK Depression Scale among Patients
Authors: Gawai Jaya , Kasturkar Pooja , Uke Trupti 
Published: July 2021

Background: The onset of Depression is a cause of concern. And various factors have been found to spark off this psychological set back among different groups of people.
Aim: This investigation aims to identify various trigger factors causing depression. BECK Depression scale will be the reference to gauge the intensity of depression among psychiatric patients at selected Health care institutions.
Objectives: Identifying and determining the type of trigger factors of depression.
Materials and Methods: Research design: Descriptive and evaluator approximation. Data Collection would be based on ‘BECK’ depression scale, translated in the vernacular language (Marathi) for its utility.
Sampling Technique: Purposive, of the size: 100 participants attending psychiatric OPD primarily diagnosed with depression.
Results: Cause factors of depression include: 1) Family history of mental illness, 2) emotional setback: Death or job lay-off, 3) discriminatory and sexual harassment at work place, 4) Chronic medical challenges and 5) Prolonged drug abuse in the view of physical infirmity. Most of the victims evaluated revealed stress in the background, developed pessimistic approach and un-convivial relationship among family members.
Conclusion: Chronic infirmity requiring, prolonged medical attention, lack of facilities, cost of the treatment, negligence, are the significant factors affecting the Indian rural community.
Epistemologias para convivialidade ou Zumbificação
Authors: Baldraia Fernando 
Published: July 2021

Inspirado no pensamento de Frantz Fanon, este texto é um diagnóstico do tempo presente encenado como uma “reação psicótica”, cujo esperado efeito colateral é fazer avançar a noção de convivialidade como um espaço de experimentação analítica, onde desigualdade e diferença compartilham a condição de isonomia conceitual. O experimento específico aqui realizado tenta atingir esse objetivo fundindo diferentes registros escriturais e explorando o repertório vernacular da junção brasileira de um Atlântico afro-indígena. Sua aposta analítica, a ideia de zumbificação, é o esboço de uma posição epistemológica cujo trabalho consiste em uma cinética de (pelo menos) três movimentos: 1) a posicionalidade necessária para fazer exigências políticas; 2) o decentramento necessário para atenuar os efeitos prejudiciais tanto do essencialismo (mesmo estratégico) como da inevitável reprodução de padrões hegemônicos excludentes; 3) o voluntarismo necessário para amplificar abordagens epistemológicas subalternizadas de modo que elas possam se tornar mais pervasivas. Epistemologies for Conviviality or “Zumbification”Inspired by Frantz Fanon’s thought, this paper is a diagnostic of the present time, enacted as a “psychotic reaction” that melts together different scriptural registers to advance the notion of conviviality as a space of analytical experimentation, where inequality and difference share the condition of conceptual isonomy. The experiment performed in this article tries to accomplish this goal by exploring the vernacular repertoire of the Brazilian junction of an afro-indigenous Atlantic. Its analytical idea, zumbification, is the sketch of an epistemological subject-position, whose labor consists in a kinesics of (at least) three movements: 1) the situatedness needed for making political demands; 2) the decenteredness necessary for attenuating the harmful effects of (even strategic) essentialism and the unavoidable reproduction of hegemonic exclusionary patterns; 3) the willfulness required for amplifying subalternized epistemological approaches, so that they may become more pervasive.Capoeira | Conviviality | Epistemology | Post-colonial theory | Zumbi
Physical relaxation for occupational stress in healthcare workers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Michael , Murphy Brittany , Cabanilla Abegail , Yidi Christina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesWork related stress is a major occupational health problem that is associated with adverse effects on physical and mental health. Healthcare workers are particularly vulnerable in the era of COVID-19. Physical methods of stress relief such as yoga and massage therapy may reduce occupational stress. The objective of this systematic review and network meta-analysis is to determine the effects of yoga, massage therapy, progressive muscle relaxation, and stretching on alleviating stress and improving physical and mental health in healthcare workers.MethodsDatabases were searched for randomized controlled trials on the use of physical relaxation methods for occupational stress in healthcare workers with any duration of follow-up. Meta-analysis was performed for standard mean differences in stress measures from baseline between subjects undergoing relaxation vs non-intervention controls. Network meta-analysis was conducted to determine the best relaxation method.ResultsFifteen trials representing 688 healthcare workers were identified. Random-effects meta-analysis shows that physical relaxation methods overall reduced measures of occupational stress at the longest duration of follow-up vs baseline compared to non-intervention controls (SMD −0.53; 95% CI [−0.74 to −0.33]; p &lt; .00001). On network meta-analysis, only yoga alone (SMD −0.71; 95% CI [−1.01 to −0.41]) and massage therapy alone (SMD −0.43; 95% CI [−0.72 to −0.14]) were more effective than control, with yoga identified as the best method (p-score = .89).ConclusionPhysical relaxation may help reduce occupational stress in healthcare workers. Yoga is particularly effective and offers the convenience of online delivery. Employers should consider implementing these methods into workplace wellness programs.
Increased Frailty in Individuals With Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Influence of Comorbidity: An Analysis of the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Cook Michael J. , Verstappen Suzanne M. M. , Lunt Mark , O'Neill Terence W. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the association between osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and frailty and to determine whether comorbidities interact with OA and RA to further increase the likelihood of frailty.MethodsParticipants of the UK Biobank age 40–69 years at baseline were included. Demographic, lifestyle, and clinical data were collected at baseline and follow‐up in a subset. Frailty was assessed using a frailty index (FI) (continuous) and a modified frailty phenotype (robust, pre‐frail, frail). The association between RA and OA and frailty at baseline and follow‐up was assessed using multiple regression models. We looked at whether comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and depression interacted additively with OA and RA to increase the likelihood of frailty.ResultsIn total, 457,561 participants contributed data. Those with (versus without) RA (n = 4,894) and OA (n = 35,884), respectively, were more likely to be frail (adjusted relative risk ratio 10.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 9.7, 11.7] and 3.4 [95% CI 3.3, 3.6]) and were more likely to have a higher FI at baseline. There was evidence of additive interaction between RA, OA, and common comorbidities increasing the occurrence of prevalent frailty. Among 25,163 participants included in longitudinal analysis, patients with RA (n = 202) and OA (n = 1,811) at baseline had an increased adjusted frailty incidence rate ratio (2.8 [95% CI 1.7, 4.6] and 1.7 [95% CI 1.3, 2.1], respectively) and also a higher FI during follow‐up.ConclusionIndividuals with RA and OA are more likely to have, or develop, frailty. Common comorbidities interact with OA and RA to further increase the likelihood of frailty.
High Performance Ternary Organic Phototransistors with Photoresponse up to 2600 nm at Room Temperature
Authors: Yang Ben , Wang Yan , Li Li , Zhang Junyao , Wang Jianlu , Jiao Hanxue , Hao Dandan , Guo Pu , Zeng Sheng , Hua Zhekun , Huang Jia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInfrared (IR) photodetection is important for light communications, military, agriculture, and related fields. Organic transistors are investigated as photodetectors. However, due to their large band gap, most organic transistors can only respond to ultraviolet and visible light. Here high performance IR phototransistors with ternary semiconductors of organic donor/acceptor complex and semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), without deep cooling requirements are developed. Due to both the ultralow intermolecular electronic transition energy of the complex and charge transport properties of SWCNTs, the phototransistor realizes broadband photodetection with photoresponse up to 2600 nm. Moreover, it exhibits outstanding performance under 2000 nm light with photoresponsivity of 2.75 × 106 A W−1, detectivity of 3.12 × 1014 Jones, external quantum efficiency over 108%, and high Iphoto/Idark ratio of 6.8 × 105. The device exhibits decent photoresponse to IR light even under ultra‐weak light intensity of 100 nW cm−2. The response of the phototransistor to blackbody irradiation is demonstrated, which is rarely reported for organic phototransistors. Interestingly, under visible light, the device can also be employed as synaptic devices, and important basic functions are realized. This strategy provides a new guide for developing high performance IR optoelectronics based on organic transistors.
Quantitative Photothermal Characterization with Bioprinted 3D Complex Tissue Constructs for Early‐Stage Breast Cancer Therapy Using Gold Nanorods
Authors: Nam Ki‐Hwan , Jeong Chan Bae , Kim HyeMi , Ahn Minjun , Ahn Sung‐Jun , Hur Hwan , Kim Dong Uk , Jang Jinah , Gwon Hui‐Jeong , Lim Youn‐Mook , Cho Dong‐Woo , Lee Kye‐Sung , Bae Ji Yong , Chang Ki Soo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has shown great potential for use in selective tumor treatment, because the AuNPs can generate destructive heat preferentially upon irradiation. However, PPTT using AuNPs has not been added to practice, owing to insufficient heating methods and tissue temperature measurement techniques, leading to unreliable and inaccurate treatments. Because the photothermal properties of AuNPs vary with laser power, particle optical density, and tissue depth, the accurate prediction of heat generation is indispensable for clinical treatment. In this report, bioprinted 3D complex tissue constructs comprising processed gel obtained from porcine skin and human decellularized adipose tissue are presented for characterization of the photothermal properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs) having an aspect ratio of 3.7 irradiated by a near‐infrared laser. Moreover, an analytical function is suggested for achieving PPTT that can cause thermal damage selectively on early‐stage human breast cancer by regulating the heat generation of the AuNRs in the tissue.
Ice Templating Soft Matter: Fundamental Principles and Fabrication Approaches to Tailor Pore Structure and Morphology and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Joukhdar Habib , Seifert Annika , Jüngst Tomasz , Groll Jürgen , Lord Megan S. , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPorous scaffolds are widely used in biomedical applications where pore size and morphology influence a range of biological processes, including mass transfer of solutes, cellular interactions and organization, immune responses, and tissue vascularization, as well as drug delivery from biomaterials. Ice templating, one of the most widely utilized techniques for the fabrication of porous materials, allows control over pore morphology by controlling ice formation in a suspension of solutes. By fine‐tuning freezing and solute parameters, ice templating can be used to incorporate pores with tunable morphological features into a wide range of materials using a simple, accessible, and scalable process. While soft matter is widely ice templated for biomedical applications and includes commercial and clinical products, the principles underpinning its ice templating are not reviewed as well as their inorganic counterparts. This review describes and critically evaluates fundamental principles, fabrication and characterization approaches, and biomedical applications of ice templating in polymer‐based biomaterials. It describes the utility of porous scaffolds in biomedical applications, highlighting biological mechanisms impacted by pore features, outlines the physical and thermodynamic mechanisms underpinning ice templating, describes common fabrication setups, critically evaluates complexities of ice templating specific to polymers, and discusses future directions in this field.
Bell‐GHZ Measurement‐Device‐Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Castañeda Valle David , Quezada Luis Fernando , Dong Shi‐Hai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, a one‐sided measurement‐device‐independent quantum key distribution protocol that uses Bell and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states is proposed. The protocol considers three parties: Alice and Bob, who will share the key at the end of the protocol; and Charlie, who plays the role of facilitating the key distribution without having access to the key itself. Alice and Charlie are trusted users, while Bob is uncharacterized. The protocol is asymmetrical, meaning that Alice sends one qubit while Bob sends two; this allows Bob to identify himself via a previously assigned ID; if this authentication fails, the key distribution also will.
Influence of Backbone Curvature on the Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance of Glycolated Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Ding Bowen , Kim Gunwoo , Kim Youngseok , Eisner Flurin D. , Gutiérrez‐Fernández Edgar , Martín Jaime , Yoon Myung‐Han , Heeney Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo new glycolated semiconducting polymers PgBT(F)2gT and PgBT(F)2gTT of differing backbone curvatures were designed and synthesised for application as p‐type accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) materials. Both polymers demonstrated stable and reversible oxidation, accessible within the aqueous electrochemical window, to generate polaronic charge carriers. OECTs fabricated from PgBT(F)2gT featuring a curved backbone geometry attained a higher volumetric capacitance of 170 F cm−3. However, PgBT(F)2gTT with a linear backbone displayed overall superior OECT performance with a normalised peak transconductance of 3.00×104 mS cm−1, owing to its enhanced order, expediting the charge mobility to 0.931 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Chiral Azepine Skeleton Bearing Multiple‐Stereogenic Elements
Authors: Huang Shengli , Wen Haojun , Tian Yuhong , Wang Pengfei , Qin Wenling , Yan Hailong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnantioselective construction of molecules bearing multiple stereogenic elements is increasingly related to the synthesis of enantiopure natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. However, atom‐economical and enantioselective approaches to install multiple stereogenic elements in a small molecular template by limited chemical transformation remain challenging. We describe an organocatalytic enantioselective method for the preparation of polychiral molecules bearing four types of stereogenic elements in fused azepines via vinylidene ortho‐quinone methide (VQM)‐mediated intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution. This method was proved robust with a wide range of substrate scope (46–92 % yield), with excellent diastereoselectivity (>20:1 dr) and enantioselectivity achieved (up to 97 % ee). Optical properties and Ru3+‐induced fluorescence responses of these compounds suggest their potential applications in optoelectronic materials and heavy metal ion detection.
Holistic View on Materials Development: Water Electrolysis as a Case Study
Authors: Klemenz Sebastian , Stegmüller Andreas , Yoon Songhak , Felser Claudia , Tüysüz Harun , Weidenkaff Anke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn view of rising ecological awareness, materials development is primarily aimed at improving the performance and efficiency of innovative and more elaborate materials. However, a materials performance figure of merit should include essential aspects of materials: environmental impact, economic constraints, technical feasibility, etc. Thus, we promote the inclusion of sustainability criteria already during the materials design process. With such a holistic design approach, new products may be more likely to meet the circular economy requirements than when traditional development strategies are pursued. Using catalysts for water electrolysis as an example, we present a modelling method based on experimental data to holistically evaluate processes.
Acidic mesoporous Beta zeolite assembled Fe catalyst with good catalytic performance in the carboazidation of N‐arylacrylamides
Authors: Weng Jushi , Pan Liuming , Yao Pengfei , Feng Yu , Fu Wenqian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDevelopment of a high‐efficient heterogeneous catalyst is very important for the preparation of organic azides compounds in modern synthetic chemistry. Acidic mesoporous Beta, mesoporous ZSM‐5, and mesopore‐free ZSM‐5 zeolite were used as supports for the preparation of Fe (Fe/Beta‐M, Fe/ZSM‐5‐M, & Fe/ZSM‐5) catalysts and were applied the carboazidation of N‐arylacrylamides with azidotrimethylsilane. The influence of pore size, acidities, and metal of the catalysts on reaction activity was investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorption isotherm, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic, and temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia. The characterization and activity results show that the acidity, Fe species (Fe2+ and Fe3+) and mesoporosity in the Fe/Beta‐M catalyst jointly contribute to this reaction, and Fe/Beta‐M catalyst shows higher catalytic activity than Fe/ZSM‐5‐M, Fe/ZSM‐5, and FeCl3 catalysts.
An ecofriendly and reusable solid acid catalyst ZrO2‐SIEC for highly selective alkylation of 2,4/2,5‐xylenol
Authors: Sun Wu‐Juan , Ke Cong‐Yu , Chen Li‐Yang , Wang Si‐Chang , Zhang Qun‐Zheng , Zhang Xun‐Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonodisperse composite microspheres were prepared of zirconia and urea formaldehyde resin having an average particle size of 2.2 μm. Their surface was modified by silane coupling agent and styrene, and then sulfuric acid assisted with silver sulfate to form solid sulfonic acid based ion‐exchange catalyst (namely, ZrO2‐SIEC) for the alkylation of 2,4/2,5‐xylenol mixture. The selectivities of catalyst ZrO2‐SIEC to produce 6‐2,4‐xylenol and 4‐2,5‐xylenol were found to be 98.9% and 97.9%, with yields of 98.6% and 80.9%, respectively. The optimized reaction conditions were identified including temperature (80°C), catalyst dosage (9%) and reaction time (180 min). In addition, catalyst ZrO2‐SIEC showed good reusability for maintaining stable catalytic performance over 25 cycles of reuse, attributed to its stable mechanical, thermal and chemical properties. Comparison with other four catalysts demonstrated good performance of ZrO2‐SIEC in terms of catalytic activity, operating conditions, separation from products, and environmental friendliness.