bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating COVID-19 through diverse student learning communities: importance and lessons learned
Authors: Mitchell Ashley Kennedy , Mork Amy Lovejoy , Hall Jan , Bayer Carey Roth 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this case study is to describe one Southern United States of America (US), historically Black medical school's approach to adapting medical education training through learning communities (LCs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe COVID-19 pandemic created a wide variety of problems for higher education. Classes moved quickly from in-person to virtual instruction with little time for training; faculty and students had to adapt to new learning platforms, learning styles, study techniques and technological challenges. Emotions ran high due to constant change, transitions and numerous unknowns. The LC structure embedded in the curriculum of this US medical school aided in the navigation of these challenges.FindingsOf the 95 MD1–MD4 respondents combined who responded to the COVID-19 LC survey, 67% rated the LC sessions good/outstanding, 20% average, 7% poor/fair and 5% N/A. When asked if LCs had helped them during the pandemic, overall, 66% said “yes” and 34% said “no.” When asked how LCs have helped during the pandemic, themes emerged related to safety, adapting to feelings of isolation/mental health/emotional support, and academic progress.Originality/valueThe small LC group structure created a sense of security for receiving academic help, emotional support, a network of assistance resources and a place to process COVID-19 losses and insecurities. Receptivity to utilizing the LC structure for support may relate to the medical students' commitment to addressing health disparities, serving the underserved and embracing a medical school culture that values community.
Quality evaluation model of artificial intelligence service for startups
Authors: Baek Chang Hwa , Kim Seong-Young , Lim Sung Uk , Xiong Jie 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a quality evaluation model for artificial intelligence (AI)-based products/services that is applicable to startups utilizing AI technology. Although AI-based service has risen dramatically and replaced many service offerings, in reality, startups are rarely to develop and evaluate AI services. The features of AI service are fundamentally different from the properties of existing services and have a great influence on the customer's service selection.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews startups' development process, existing quality evaluation models and characteristics of services utilizing AI technology, and develops a quality evaluation model for AI-based services. A detailed analysis of a survey (application of the model) on customer satisfaction for AI speakers is provided.FindingsThis paper provides seven key features and 24 evaluation items for evaluating AI-based services.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the growing need for methodologies that reflect the new era of AI-based products/services in quality evaluation research.
A Bayesian-based framework for advanced nature-based tourism model
Authors: Norouzi Isfahani Roxana , Talaee Malmiri Ahmad , BahooToroody Ahmad , Abaei Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: July 2021

PurposeNature-based tourism (NBT) blossoming requires sound monitoring models to maximize its potential in the tourism industry. Cooperation of different segments from nature to economy will lead to a sustainable NBT. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative relation between these subdivisions has to be investigated.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes an advanced NBT model for the design of an optimum tourism system. To this end, Bayesian network (BN) has been implemented to characterize the impact of each subsector on NBT.FindingsThe outcomes of this study can help the tourism managers, policymakers and related organizations to find the optimum approach to achieve a continuous improvement in the system. To demonstrate the applicability of the methodology, two cases of observations are considered.Originality/valueThe originality of the work is well demonstrated in the literature review of the paper.
The role of digital economy in China's sustainable development in a post-pandemic environment
Authors: Song Malin , Zheng Chenbin , Wang Jiangquan 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic is still raging, which calls for an exploration of how to prevent and control pandemics to promote sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the digital economy in sustainable development, the relationship between the two, the impacts of the outbreak on economic and social development, and changes in China's digital economy.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the time-series data from 2002 to 2019 and an unconstrained VAR model to examine the relationship between the digital economy and sustainable development before the pandemic.FindingsChina's digital economy has promoted the country's sustainable economic and social development; it has advanced rapid economic growth, improved people's living standards, increased efficient utilization of resources, and strengthened environmental protection.Research limitations/implicationsAmid the pandemic, China's digital economy developed effectively; it showed strong resilience because of its unique advantages. The digital economy in China has helped the country to control the pandemic in a short period, reduced the risk of supply chain disruption, promoted China's economic growth, and ensured the orderly operation of society. Therefore, countries worldwide are encouraged to prioritize their digital economies.Originality/valueCompared with the extant literature, this study explores the sustainable supply chain in a broader sense in the context of a pandemic, and how the supply chain is influenced by the digital economy. It not only includes the stability, resilience, and viability of the supply chain in economic development but also involves aspects of people's life, resource utilization, and environmental protection.
The infrastructures of war and peace
Authors: Listou Tore 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the need for and develop a framework for research on the effects UN peace operation infrastructure has on a host nation. Mission infrastructure serves primarily to sustain a mission. As the mission terminates, infrastructure is often transferred to the host nation. The mission infrastructures could have both positive and negative implications for the host nation and for local communities.Design/methodology/approachExploratory approach to develop a foundation for a research agenda in an area with little existing research. Identify theoretical contributions related to infrastructures, combine with primary data from one peace operation, secondary data from five other peace operations and from the UN repositories.FindingsThis study proposes a research agenda. As such our findings relate to the identification and classification of different infrastructures and their interdependencies.Research limitations/implicationsThis framework would contribute to new ways of exploring and analysing both the effectiveness of peace operations and the impact a mission has on the development in the host nation.Practical implicationsThis study proposes a framework for research. As such, it will have implications primarily for researchers.Social implicationsUnderstanding the interdependencies between mission infrastructures and the material and social infrastructures of a host nation would help understanding what value mission infrastructure brings to a host nation and the local communities.Originality/valueAnalysing the logistics in peace support operations as networks of infrastructures bring new perspectives into humanitarian logistics.
Carsharing: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Nansubuga Brenda , Kowalkowski Christian 
Published: July 2021

PurposeFollowing the recent surge in research on carsharing, the paper synthesizes this growing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research and to identify directions for future work. Specifically, this study details implications for service theory and practice.Design/methodology/approachSystematic selection and analysis of 279 papers from the existing literature, published between 1996 and 2020.FindingsThe literature review identified four key themes: business models, drivers and barriers, customer behavior, and vehicle balancing.Practical implicationsFor managers, the study illuminates the importance of collaboration among stakeholders within the automotive sector for purposes of widening their customer base and maximizing utilization and profits. For policy makers, their important role in supporting carsharing take-off is highlighted with emphasis on balancing support rendered to different mobility services to promote mutual success.Originality/valueThis is the first systematic multi-disciplinary literature review of carsharing. It integrates insights from transportation, environmental, and business studies, identifying gaps in the existing research and specifically suggesting implications for service research.
Evaluation of generic competencies among secondary school leavers from the new academic structure for senior secondary education in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Karly O.W. , Ng Maggie K.W. , So Joseph C.H. , Chan Victor C.W. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeA new academic structure for senior secondary and higher education was introduced to Hong Kong in 2009/2010. This paper aims to: (1) compare the cohort from the old academic structure (Cohort 2010) and the cohort from the new academic structure (Cohort 2015) on the 14 categories of generic competencies; and (2) compare these attributes among students from different divisions in a tertiary institution in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachSelf-Assessment of All-Round Development (SAARD) questionnaires were distributed to students who took the two-year sub-degree programmes offered by the College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2010 and 2015 on a self-administered basis. A total of 4,424 students have returned the questionnaires. Data were analyzed with t-test to compare between the two cohorts.FindingsWhen comparing Cohort 2015 with Cohort 2010, significantly higher scores were observed on five areas such as global outlook and healthy lifestyle (p<0.05). Significantly lower scores were observed on the other five areas such as problem solving, critical thinking and leadership (p<0.05). Students from all divisions unanimously showed higher perceived rating on social and national responsibility but lower perceived rating on leadership (p<0.05).Originality/ValueThe elimination of one public examination, the newly included components such as Other Learning Experiences (OLE) and the compulsory Liberal Studies were believed to contribute partially to the diverse responses of the two cohorts. The dramatic change of the curriculum has not changed the examination culture in Hong Kong which may hinder the development of generic skills among students.
Does government education expenditure affect educational outcomes? New evidence from sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Farayibi Adesoji Oladapo , Folarin Oludele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe human capital crisis, reflected in the weak global competitiveness of African education, has questioned the effectiveness of public spending in increasing educational outcomes on the continent. Thus, this article examines the impact of government education expenditure on educational outcomes in 31 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2000 to 2019 based on a generalized method of moments (GMM). The study sheds light on the priorities of government education spending on the continent. Findings showed that the effect of government education spending on educational outcomes in SSA was driven by the measure of educational outcome used. Government spending in Africa had focused mainly on primary and secondary education to the detriment of tertiary education because it is convenient and generates political gains. Due to institutional rigidities that emanate from the governance structure, the inequitable allocation of government funding had made higher education in Africa less responsive to the changes in global knowledge and labour market demands. Therefore, the following policy agenda becomes imperative in SSA: (i) government education spending should equitably target all education levels to improve the aggregate human capital development indicators in the region; (ii) there is a need to enhance government institutions' capacity to increase their level of effectiveness and performance.
Implementation of the Australian Computer‐Assisted Theragnostics (AusCAT) network for radiation oncology data extraction, reporting and distributed learning
Authors: Field Matthew , Vinod Shalini , Aherne Noel , Carolan Martin , Dekker Andre , Delaney Geoff , Greenham Stuart , Hau Eric , Lehmann Joerg , Ludbrook Joanna , Miller Andrew , Rezo Angela , Selvaraj Jothybasu , Sykes Jonathan , Holloway Lois , Thwaites David 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIntroductionThere is significant potential to analyse and model routinely collected data for radiotherapy patients to provide evidence to support clinical decisions, particularly where clinical trials evidence is limited or non‐existent. However, in practice there are administrative, ethical, technical, logistical and legislative barriers to having coordinated data analysis platforms across radiation oncology centres.MethodsA distributed learning network of computer systems is presented, with software tools to extract and report on oncology data and to enable statistical model development. A distributed or federated learning approach keeps data in the local centre, but models are developed from the entire cohort.ResultsThe feasibility of this approach is demonstrated across six Australian oncology centres, using routinely collected lung cancer data from oncology information systems. The infrastructure was used to validate and develop machine learning for model‐based clinical decision support and for one centre to assess patient eligibility criteria for two major lung cancer radiotherapy clinical trials (RTOG‐9410, RTOG‐0617). External validation of a 2‐year overall survival model for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) gave an AUC of 0.65 and C‐index of 0.62 across the network. For one centre, 65% of Stage III NSCLC patients did not meet eligibility criteria for either of the two practice‐changing clinical trials, and these patients had poorer survival than eligible patients (10.6 m vs. 15.8 m, P = 0.024).ConclusionPopulation‐based studies on routine data are possible using a distributed learning approach. This has the potential for decision support models for patients for whom supporting clinical trial evidence is not applicable.
Do carers and comforters require lead aprons during general radiographic examinations?
Authors: Perdomo Amanda , McMahon Stacey , Wilkie Trent , Fox Naomi , Rao Padma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionCarers and comforters frequently remain with children during paediatric general radiographic examinations. As well as improving the likelihood of overall success of the procedure, this can be important for minimising stress and anxiety of the child. Wearing lead aprons can contribute to additional stress and anxiety about the procedure for both carer and child, specifically due to radiation risk. It also introduces some practical challenges for radiographers. This study quantified a carers exposure to scattered radiation for general radiographic examinations when remaining with a child to assist in positioning or to comfort them.MethodsScattered radiation was measured at four common locations where a carer may stand, with a range of tube potentials (40 kVp to 100 kVp) and PMMA thicknesses of 2.5–22.5 cm. This was then matched to our clinical protocols to estimate the radiation dose a carer could be exposed to while assisting a patient during general radiographic examinations.ResultsThe effective dose received by a carer standing 20 cm from the centre of the patient varies from 11 min of Australian natural BERT for a finger radiograph on a patient <3 kg and up to 62 h for a swimmers view radiograph performed on a patient >70 kg.ConclusionThis dosimetric data allowed an evidence‐based assessment of radiation protection requirements for the carer using the ALARA principle. At our institution, it was decided that a lead apron is not required if the carer is unlikely to receive more than 2 µSv. A new policy, presented here, was developed to implement this decision.
Determination of optimal flight altitude to minimise acoustic drone disturbance to wildlife using species audiograms
Authors: Duporge Isla , Spiegel Marcus P. , Thomson Eleanor R. , Chapman Tatiana , Lamberth Curt , Pond Caroline , Macdonald David W. , Wang Tiejun , Klinck Holger 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly important in wildlife data collection but concern over wildlife disturbance has led several countries to ban their use in National Parks. Disturbance is an animal welfare concern and impedes scientific data collection through provoking aberrant behaviour. Dealing with the issue of disturbance will enable wildlife researchers to use UAV technology more effectively and ethically.

Here we present a novel method to determine optimal flight altitude for minimising drone disturbance for wildlife using species audiograms. We recorded sound profiles of seven common UAV systems in the horizontal and vertical planes at 5‐m increments up to 120 m. To understand how mammals perceive UAV sound, we used audiograms of 20 species to calculate the loudness of each UAV for each species across the measured distances. These calculations filter the UAV noise based on the sensitivity of species’ hearing over the relevant frequency spectrum.

We have devised a method to optimise the trade‐off between image spatial resolution and flight altitude. We calculated the lowest point at which either the UAV sound level decreases below an acceptable threshold, here chosen as 40 dB, weighted according to species’ hearing sensitivity, or disturbance cannot be significantly further minimised by flying higher. The latter is quantified as the point above which each additional 5 m of flight altitude causes on average less than 0.05 dB decrease in sound pressure level.

Reliable data on appropriate flight altitudes can guide policy regulations on flying UAVs over wildlife, thus enabling increased use of this technology for scientific data collection and for wildlife conservation purposes. The methodology is readily applicable to other species and UAV systems for which sound recordings and audiograms are available.
How Do Foreign Traders Affect Stock‐Pricing Efficiency? Microstructure‐based Evidence from Korea*
Authors: Bae Kyounghun , Eom Chanyoung , Kim Younghee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyze how foreign ownership relates to the short‐term pricing efficiency of common stocks listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. We find that stocks with greater foreign holdings are priced less efficiently. This result is robust to different efficiency measures, estimation methods, and reverse causality concerns. Our evidence suggests that foreign trading deters price corrections, at least in the short term, and thus, has a negative effect on utilitarian traders. Our findings in relation to potential losses provide new insights into the downside risk of financial liberalization at the market microstructure level.
Do Analysts’ Cross‐year Revisions Contain Information about Audit Adjustment? Evidence from the Chinese Capital Market*
Authors: Chen Songsheng , Tian Zhili , Liu Qingqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study tests the information content of changes in analysts’ earnings forecasts. Using audit adjustment data from China, this study investigates whether changes in analysts’ cross‐year forecast revisions reflect audit information. The results show that the cross‐year revision of analysts’ earnings per share forecasts is positively related to the magnitude of audit adjustment, which may be mainly due to analysts’ communication with management. Furthermore, analysts who display higher forecast frequency, who issue their last forecast closer to the day the annual report is announced, or who show better forecast performance reflect a greater amount of audit information in their cross‐year forecast revisions.
Roles of γδT cells in pregnancy and pregnancy‐related complications
Authors: Xu Qian‐Han , Liu Hong , Wang Li‐Ling , Zhu Qian , Zhang Yu‐Jing , Muyayalo Kahindo P. , Liao Ai‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA successful pregnancy is a complex and unique process comprised of discrete events, including embryo implantation, placentation, and parturition. To maintain the balance between maternal‐fetal immune tolerance and resistance to infections, the maternal immune system must have a high degree of stage‐dependent plasticity throughout the period of pregnancy. Innate immunity is the frontline force for the establishment of early anti‐infection and tolerance mechanisms in mammals. Belonging to the innate immune system, a subset of T cells called γδT cells (based on γδT cell receptors) are the main participants in immune surveillance and immune defense. Unlike traditional αβT cells, γδT cells are regarded as a bridge between innate immunity and acquired immunity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the functional plasticity of γδT cells during pregnancy. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of γδT cells in pathological pregnancies.
Influence of inguinal hernia repair on sperm autoimmunity: The largest single center experience
Authors: Negri Luciano , Romano Massimo , Cirillo Federico , Grilli Leonora , Morenghi Emanuela , Romualdi Daniela , Albani Elena , Setti Paolo Emanuele Levi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies on immunological infertility after inguinal hernia correction are few and not very representative. Anti‐sperm antibodies have been shown to reduce male fertility. Although the extent of infertility due to anti‐sperm antibodies alone is not very clear, data indicates that about 8%–10% of infertile patients have immunological infertilityDesignThis retrospective study includes all infertile male patients (n = 2258) who underwent mixed antiglobulin reaction tests and urologic examination from 2000 to 2020. Sperm quality (assessed by the number of spermatozoa, their motility, vitality, and normal form) was also evaluated. Among these patients, 191 had previously undergone unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia surgery repair. The aim of the study is to evaluate if there is a higher incidence of positive mixed antiglobulin reaction test among patients undergoing inguinal hernioplasty compared to the unselected infertile population.ResultsAnti‐sperm antibodies would seem to increase in both patients who performed general andrological surgery and groin hernia correction, respectively 3.48 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.70–7.10; p < 0.001) and 2.45 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.01–5.99; p < 0.05) times more than the unselected infertile population.ConclusionsMixed antiglobulin reaction test could be useful in patients undergone previous scrotal surgery or hernia correction men, to avoid false unexplained infertility diagnoses and to direct the couple to assisted reproductive technology procedures. Basal evaluation of spermatozoa does not actually consider andrological surgery as an indication to autoimmunity investigation.