bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valorisation of food wastes to produce natural pigments using non‐thermal novel extraction methods: a review
Authors: Wani Faiqa A. , Rashid Rukhsana , Jabeen Abida , Brochier Bethania , Yadav Shashikant , Aijaz Thameed , Makroo H. A. , Dar B. N. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWaste or by‐products produced during food processing can be used as a potential source of bioactive compounds including natural pigments. Natural pigments/colourants have numerous health benefits whereas the synthetic colourants have many negative effects on human health. Thus, there is a considerable interest worldwide in pigments extraction from natural sources. Conventional extractions such as soxhlet extraction, water distillation, and solvent extraction have many limitations such as large solvent consumption, long extraction time, and low extraction yields. Therefore, novel techniques such as high pressure, ultrasound, negative pressure and electric field have been employed to assist the pigment extraction process. The novel extraction methods are being developed with the primary aim of higher pigment yield, lower solvent consumption, minimised environmental effects and the convenience of extraction. With this perspective, the present review provides recent insights into the recovery of natural pigments from food wastes/by‐products and the application of novel non‐thermal technologies for their recovery.
Retrogradation of sweet potato amylose and amylopectin with narrow molecular weight distribution
Authors: Wang Danli , He Zhixiang , Yang Lu , Wang Huaiwen , Lian Xijun , Zhu Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRetrogradation of sweet potato amylose and amylopectin with narrow molecular weight distribution at different temperatures was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscopy were combined to study the morphology of the molecular assemblies during retrogradation. Avrami equation was used to the retrogradation kinetics the of above starches by determining the crystallinity and the ratio of peak area of two distinctive peaks. It was found that only the ratio of peak area/total area at 2θ = ~16.3° could represent the crystallinity of retrograded starch‐containing amorphous regions. Considering the crystallinity as retrogradation rate, only the retrogradation kinetics of sweet potato amylose could be analysed by Avrami equation, but not the amylopectin’s. All Avrami exponents n of amyloses at any temperatures were less than 1.0, indicating instantaneous nucleation and rod‐like growth. AFM results showed that the maximum heights of layered structure for sweet potato amylose, amylopectin and blending of both were approximately 4800, 180 and 200 nm, respectively. The height of the former two decreased during storage, but the height of blending remained unchanged. Amylose served as nuclei of amylopectin during starch retrogradation.
“Modifying” or “Retreating”‐ Self‐management of physical health among a group of people with schizophrenia. An ethnographic study from Denmark
Authors: Lerbæk Birgitte , Jørgensen Rikke , Buus Niels , Lauritsen Marlene Briciet , Aagaard Jørgen , Nordgaard Julie , McCloughen Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this ethnographic study was to explore how a group of nine Danish people with schizophrenia managed physical health issues as they naturally occurred in everyday life. Qualitative methods were used to generate of data. Thematic analysis led to the description of two typical strategies used by participants to manage debilitating physical health issues in everyday life. Modifying everyday life to manage discomfort was a strategy employed to manage potential or actual discomfort associated with ongoing poor physical health, while retreating from everyday life to recover was a strategy used by participants who experienced recurring discrete episodes of poor physical health characterized by fast deterioration. Both management strategies were inexpedient as they failed to produce any positive progress in terms of the participants regaining health. The social context of participants’ everyday life was characterized by a lack of interactions with others about their prevailing and ongoing physical health issues. Repeated use of these inexpedient strategies to manage physical health caused potential worsening rather than improvements to physical health. There is a need for future research that explores aspects of beneficial management of physical health issues among people with severe mental illness. Relevant foci of such research include enhancing self‐management of physical health, active help‐seeking behaviours, and opportunities to engage in interactions with others about physical health issues.
Quality changes kinetic of tomato during transportation and storage
Authors: Al‐Dairi Mai , Pathare Pankaj B. , Al‐Yahyai Rashid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKinetic models were performed to investigate the quality changes of tomatoes. The samples were transported from three different distances (100, 154, and 205 km), and then stored at a temperature of 10 and 22°C. Physical (weight loss, color, and firmness), chemical (titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSSs), sugar/acid ratio, and pH), and nutritional (total lycopene and carotenoids) quality parameters of tomato were measured for 12 days of storage. Transportation of tomatoes from the long‐distance transportation and storage at 22°C resulted in a higher increase in weight loss, redness, color index, total lycopene, and carotenoids, and a higher decrease in firmness, color lightness, TA, and so forth. The results showed that the quality changes were well described by the zero‐order kinetic model (with a coefficient of determination R2 = values of .9993–.8400). Weight loss, total lycopene, and carotenoids were adequately fitted with the zero‐order kinetic model, where TSSs and most firmness experimental values were successfully fitted with the first‐order kinetic model. In all cases, the reaction rate constant (k) was higher at 22°C storage temperature compared to storage at 10°C. To validate the appropriateness of the selected models, weight loss, firmness, some color parameters, TA, and total lycopene were taken as examples. All the experimental and predicted data showed a strong agreement. Overall, the results of this study could help the distributors, processors, and consumers to identify the storage time and the ideal edible time.Practical applicationsThe practical application obtainable from our research is the classification of fresh produce based on their maturity stage is required to select the suitable packaging with high strength material during long‐distance transportation. Also, the practical objective of the study is to improve refrigeration storage condition of tomato or many other fresh produce after transportation in the industrial field to maintain its quality attributes for long time. In particular, the proposed study establishes the correlation between transport distance, storage temperature, and duration and the quality attributes of tomato to obtain a mathematical model to predict the quality changes during storage and to assess the effect of transport distance on tomato. The knowledge of such type of data can help to develop an advanced supply chain strategies like transporting, storage, and routing policies.
The connection of alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein inflammatory marker with anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic characteristic of women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: de Medeiros Sebastião Freitas , de Medeiros Matheus Antônio Souto , Barbosa Bruna Barcelo , Yamamoto Ana Karine Lin Winck , Yamamoto Márcia Marly Winck 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the connection of alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein inflammatory biomarker with clinical, hormonal, and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal cycling controls.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 235 women with PCOS and 92 normal cycling controls attended between 2008 and 2018. Alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein levels were correlated with clinical, anthropometric, anthropometric‐metabolic indexes, and hormones of women with PCOS and controls. Simple and multivariate stepwise linear regression, matched for age and body mass index confounding variables, was performed.ResultsAlpha‐1 acid glycoprotein levels were higher in women with PCOS (p = 0.0016). In controls, it was positively correlated with waist circumference, fat mass, body adiposity index, and lipid accumulation product, and negatively correlated with sex hormone‐binding globulin (p < 0.005 for all comparisons). In PCOS, it was positively correlated with testosterone, most biomarkers of central adiposity, homeostatic model assessment of insulin‐resistant, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and negatively correlated with sex hormone‐binding globulin, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose/insulin ratio, and lymphocytes (p < 0.055 for all comparisons). After multivariate regression in women with PCOS, alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein retained a significant positive correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein.ConclusionsIn PCOS, alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein is correlated with biomarkers of adiposity, carbohydrate metabolism, and total testosterone. This inflammatory marker is also correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, frequent markers of an inflammation state.
Proximal Contact Loss in Implant‐Supported Restorations: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prevalence
Authors: Manicone Paolo Francesco , De Angelis Paolo , Rella Edoardo , Papetti Laura , D'Addona Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThis is a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the overall prevalence of proximal contact loss (PCL) and determine the distribution and clinical features of PCL.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. As this was a systematic review of prevalence, the condition, context, and population framework was followed. The focus question was: What is the prevalence and distribution of PCL in implant‐supported restorations? Two investigators independently examined the literature in four databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) for suitable articles published before November 11, 2020, with no start‐date restriction; an additional search was conducted by hand. A standardized data extraction chart was utilized to extract the relevant information from the selected studies.ResultsFifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 11,699 restorations were evaluated in the final sample. The overall prevalence was 20% at the implant restoration level (among 4984 implants) and 26.6% at the contact point level (among 2603 contact points). The frequency of PCL was higher on the mesial side, both at the implant restoration level (13.8%) and at the contact point level (21.9%), than on the distal side, where the prevalence was 3.3% and 11.0%, respectively. The event rate in the maxilla and in the mandible at the contact level was 21.4% and 21.9%, respectively.ConclusionsPCL is a frequent complication. Approximately 29% of contact points develop this condition, which may cause food impaction and damage to the interproximal tissues.
Cognitive Predictors of Child Second Language Comprehension and Syntactic Learning
Authors: Pili‐Moss Diana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examined the role of child cognitive abilities for procedural and declarative learning in the earliest stages of second language (L2) exposure. In the context of a computer game, 53 first language Italian monolingual children were aurally trained in a novel miniature language over 3 consecutive days. A mixed effects model analysis of the relationship between cognitive predictors and outcomes in morphosyntax measured via a grammaticality judgment test (GJT) was performed. Relative to adults trained in the same paradigm, children with higher procedural learning ability (measured via an alternate serial reaction time task) showed significantly better learning of word order, although the effect size was small. Modeling accuracy in online sentence comprehension during the game also evidenced that higher procedural learning ability was positively associated with significantly better outcomes as practice progressed. By contrast, a composite measure of verbal and visual declarative learning ability did not predict L2 outcomes in either the GJT or the online measure.
Oral manifestations of immune‐related adverse events in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Klein Brittany A. , Alves Fábio Abreu , de Santana Rodrigues Velho Julia , Vacharotayangul Piamkamon , Hanna Glenn J. , LeBoeuf Nicole R. , Shazib Muhammad Ali , Villa Alessandro , Woo Sook‐Bin , Sroussi Hervé , Sonis Stephen , Treister Nathaniel S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has transformed cancer treatment over the past decade, improving survival rates in numerous advanced cancers. Immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are common and can affect any organ system, with many of these toxicities being well‐characterized with clear grading criteria and management approaches. There has been less emphasis on oral manifestations of irAEs. This review provides an overview of oral manifestations of irAEs, including mucosal and salivary gland toxicities, and proposes a grading system and management guidelines. irAEs are common treatment‐related toxicities in patients treated with ICIs. Oral irAEs can range from asymptomatic white reticulations to life‐threatening mucocutaneous reactions requiring aggressive management with corticosteroids and/or permanent discontinuation of ICIs. Oral healthcare providers should be prepared to identify and manage oral irAEs in collaboration with oncologists and other specialists.
Blue light induces DNA damage in normal human skin keratinocytes
Authors: Chamayou‐Robert Cécile , DiGiorgio Carole , Brack Olivier , Doucet Olivier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe generation of DNA damage by ultra‐violet radiations (UV) is well established, and both the nature of the DNA lesions and their respective DNA repair pathways have largely been described. Besides UV rays, visible light constitutes a very important part of the sun spectrum where blue light is considered a significant contributor to premature aging. However, blue light‐induced DNA damage has not been deeply explored yet.MethodsIn the present study, we assessed in human skin keratinocytes the DNA and chromosome damaging activities of blue light rays (415 nm) as well as their associated DNA repair mechanisms.ResultsOur results demonstrated that blue light induced dose‐dependent DNA damage in human keratinocytes. Both oxidative and cyclobutane‐pyrimidine‐dimer (CPD) DNA lesions were generated. They were repaired through base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways, respectively. Moreover, by using the micronucleus assay we demonstrated, for the first time, that a blue wavelength exerted a clastogenic/aneugenic effect in human keratinocytes, leading to chromosome aberration.ConclusionWe concluded that, in normal human keratinocytes, blue light creates genotoxic lesions which might accelerate or at least contribute to premature skin aging.
Altered circulating memory T cells in vitiligo cases followed NB‐UVB therapy
Authors: Lin Fuquan , Sun Xiukun , Lei Jiehao , Xu Ai‑e 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo represents a commonly diagnosed autoimmune disease caused by the depletion of epidermal melanocytes. Many subsets of T cells contribute to vitiligo pathogenesis, including resident and circulating memory T cells.ObjectivesTo analyze the amounts of CD4+ and CD8+memory T‐cell subsets in peripheral blood specimens from vitiligo patients and alterations caused by narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy.MethodsCirculating CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T (TCM) and effector memory T (TEM) cell frequencies in 33 patients with non‐segmental vitiligo and 16 healthy donors were evaluated by flow cytometry. Related chemokine levels were also detected.ResultsPeripheral blood CD4+ TCM and CD8+ TCM counts were markedly reduced in vitiligo cases while they were higher in active vitiligo compared with stable vitiligo cases. Circulating CD8+ TCM frequency in vitiligo was closely related to disease duration. Interestingly, CD4+ TCM and CD8+ TCM frequencies, alongside CXCL9 and CXCL10 amounts in peripheral blood of patients with vitiligo, were significantly decreased after NB‐UVB phototherapy.ConclusionsDecreased frequencies of circulating CD4+ TCM and CD8+ TCM by NB‐UVB suggest a possible immunosuppressive effect of phototherapy. The chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 are the bridge between circulating and skin resident memory T cells. NB‐UVB blocks the homing of circulating memory T cells into vitiligo lesions by down‐regulating CXCL9 and CXCL10. Targeting the above proteins could provide novel, durable treatment options to cure and prevent flares of this disease.
Modeling fusion gene‐associated sarcoma: Advantages for understanding sarcoma biology and pathology
Authors: Tanaka Miwa , Nakamura Takuro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDisease‐specific gene fusions are reportedly major driver mutations in approximately 30% of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Most fusion genes encode transcription factors or co‐factors that regulate downstream target genes, altering cell growth, lineage commitment, and differentiation. Given the limitations of investigating their functions in vitro, the generation of mouse models expressing fusion genes in the appropriate cellular lineages is pivotal. Therefore, we generated a series of mouse models by introducing fusion genes into embryonic mesenchymal progenitors. This review describes mouse models of Ewing, synovial, alveolar soft part, and CIC‐rearranged sarcomas. Furthermore, we describe the similarities between these models and their human counterparts. These models provide remarkable advantages to identify cells‐of‐origin, specific collaborators of fusion genes, angiogenesis key factors, or diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we discuss the relationship between fusion proteins and the epigenetic background as well as the possible role of the super‐enhancers.
Variation in pollen sterility and gender specialization: an investigation with distylous species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae)
Authors: Matias R. , Furtado M. T. , Consolaro H. , Pérez‐Barrales R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Differences in pollen sterility between morphs in distylous populations may represent the first step in the evolution of gender specialization. Theoretically, for partially or completely male sterile individuals to persist they must have some fitness advantage that compensates for the loss of male function. Gender specialization is considered a widespread process in Erythroxylum, but male sterility and the resource reallocation to female function have been investigated in few species and populations.

In 18 populations of four distylous species of Erythroxylum, we quantified the levels of male sterility, estimated through pollen sterility, in short‐ and long‐styled flowers to test if sterility is morph‐biased. In one population per species, we also described the frequency of floral visitors, the production of flowers and fruits, and the quality of fruits and seeds of short‐ and long‐styled plants to evaluate the expression of trade‐offs in allocation to male and female function.

In some populations of E. campestre and E. deciduum, short‐styled flowers possessed higher levels of pollen sterility than long‐styled flowers. Although most flowers of E. suberosum and E. tortuosum also expressed pollen sterility, the frequency of sterility was similar between morphs in all populations. Differences in reproductive output between morphs occurred only in populations of species with morph‐biased sterility, but none of the variations reflect resource allocation to female fitness of short‐styled plants.

Differences in the level of sterility between morphs indicates the potential for gender specialization in populations of E. campestre and E. deciduum, despite the apparent lack of a trade‐off in allocation.
SlPHL1, a MYB‐CC transcription factor identified from tomato, positively regulates the phosphate starvation response
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Wang Yi , Wang Enhui , Wu Xueqian , Zheng Qinghua , Han Yizhen , Lin Weiwei , Liu Zhongjuan , Lin Wenxiong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a major limiting factor for plant growth and development. Previous reports have demonstrated that PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) and OsPHR2 play central roles in Pi‐starvation signaling in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively. However, the Pi‐starvation signaling network in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is still not fully understood. In this work, SlPHL1, a homolog of AtPHR1 and OsPHR2, was identified from tomato. It was found that SlPHL1 contains the MYB and coiled‐coil (CC) domains, localizes in the nucleus, and has transcriptional activity, indicating that it is a typical MYB‐CC transcription factor (TF). Overexpression of SlPHL1 enhanced Pi‐starvation responses both in Arabidopsis Col‐0 and in tomato Micro‐Tom, including elevated root hair growth, promoted APase activity, favored Pi uptake, and increased transcription of Pi starvation‐inducing (PSI) genes. Besides, overexpressing SlPHL1 was able to compensate for the Pi‐starvation response weakened by the AtPHR1 mutation. Notably, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that SlPHL1 could bind to the PHR1‐binding sequence (P1BS, GNATATNC)‐containing DNA fragments. Furthermore, SlPHL1 specifically interacted with the promoters of the tomato PSI genes SlPht1;2 and SlPht1;8 through the P1BS cis‐elements. Taken these results together, SlPHL1 is a newly identified MYB‐CC TF from tomato, which participates in Pi‐starvation signaling by directly upregulating the PSI genes. These findings might contribute to the understanding of the Pi‐starvation signaling in tomato.
Neoporphyra kitoi sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, with new blades arising from rhizoidal cells
Authors: Abe Mahiko , Kikuchi Norio , Tamaki Motoya , Sato Tomoko , Murase Noboru , Fujiyoshi Eiji , Kobayashi Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYA new species of Neoporphyra, Neoporphyra kitoi sp. nov., collected in Honshu, Japan, is described based on morphology and molecular analysis. The new species can be distinguished from other foliose Bangiales species by both molecular analysis and developmentally with the production of new blades arising from rhizoidal cells and giving rise to multiple blades. Thalli of N. kitoi were observed to produce single and multiple blades in both fields collected and cultured thalli. Neoporphyra kitoi was morphologically similar to Pyropia pseudolinearis apart from this developmental feature. Molecular phylogenies based on both the nrSSU and rbcL genes of this species resolved it in a clade containing sequences assigned to the genus Neoporphyra.
Linking policy design, change, and outputs: Policy responsiveness in American state electricity policy
Authors: Koski Chris , Siddiki Saba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article examines whether changes in policy design lead to incremental or punctuated changes in policy outputs. Leveraging a synthesis of policy design and punctuated equilibrium literatures, we analyze whether changes in policy targets, policy instruments, and policy incentives have differing effects on the distributions of changes in policy outputs. Our empirical examination is a study of net metering policy in the United States over the years 2007–2016. A key finding is that there is a relationship between policy designs that change more frequently and less punctuated distributions of outputs; namely, that changes to certain elements of policies are related to a greater frequency of gradual changes in policy outputs than changes to others.