bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving clinical outcomes via responsible antimicrobial use in horses
Authors: Isgren C. M. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe growing problem of antimicrobial resistance affects veterinarians on a daily basis. Antimicrobial stewardship and responsible prescribing are essential for a future with effective antimicrobials, as it is unlikely that new antimicrobials will become available for use in horses in the near future. Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Salmonella spp. are pathogens of significant concern but there are also other opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas spp., α‐haemolytic Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. which, due to their high intrinsic resistance, have limited treatment options in adult horses. It is essential that highest priority critically important antimicrobials such as ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, rifampicin and polymyxin B are used prudently in horses and ideally based on culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). For example, the use of polymyxin B at a low anti‐endotoxic dose rather than at a higher antimicrobial dose in horses for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a potential driver for resistance to colistin (polymyxin E), an antimicrobial used as a last resort in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae infections in humans. Serum procalcitonin levels are used in humans to distinguish noninfectious inflammatory conditions from inflammation caused by bacteria and other infectious agents and are also used to guide cessation of antimicrobial treatment. Although no such studies have been performed in horses, this or other markers may prove to be helpful in guiding antimicrobial treatment decisions in the future. Optimising sampling techniques and good communication with the microbiology laboratory are essential for generating the accurate culture and AST results that underpin appropriate antimicrobial use. Additionally, there is clearly a need for national and international harmonisation of laboratory methods in order to improve the reliability and consistency of results reported by different laboratories.
Continuous versus discrete data analysis for gait evaluation of horses with induced bilateral hindlimb lameness
Authors: Smit Ineke H. , Hernlund Elin , Brommer Harold , van Weeren P. René , Rhodin Marie , Serra Bragança Filipe M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGait kinematics measured during equine gait analysis are typically evaluated by analysing (asymmetry‐based) discrete variables (eg, peak values) obtained from continuous kinematic signals (eg, timeseries of datapoints). However, when used for the assessment of complex cases of lameness, such as bilateral lameness, discrete variable analysis might overlook relevant functional adaptations.ObjectivesThe overall aim of this paper is to compare continuous and discrete data analysis techniques to evaluate kinematic gait adaptations to lameness.Study designMethod comparison.MethodsSixteen healthy Shetland ponies, enrolled in a research programme in which osteochondral defects were created on the medial trochlear ridges of both femurs, were used in this study. Kinematic data were collected at trot on a treadmill before and at 3 and 6 months after surgical intervention. Statistical parametric mapping and linear mixed models were used to compare kinematic variables between and within timepoints.ResultsBoth continuous and discrete data analyses identified changes in pelvis and forelimb kinematics. Discrete data analyses showed significant changes in hindlimb and back kinematics, where such differences were not found to be significant by continuous data analysis. In contrast, continuous data analysis provided additional information on the timing and duration of the differences found.Main limitationsA limited number of ponies were included.ConclusionsThe use of continuous data provides additional information regarding gait adaptations to bilateral lameness that is complementary to the analysis of discrete variables. The main advantage lies in the additional information regarding time dependence and duration of adaptations, which offers the opportunity to identify functional adaptations during all phases of the stride cycle, not just the events related to peak values.
Target molecules for future hidradenitis suppurativa treatment
Authors: Zouboulis Christos C. , Frew John W. , Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Jemec Gregor B.E. , del Marmol Veronique , Marzano Angelo V. , Nikolakis Georgios , Sayed Christopher J. , Tzellos Thrasyvoulos , Wolk Kerstin , Prens Errol P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe registration of the tumour necrosis factor‐α inhibitor adalimumab in 2015 was a major step forward in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS). However, it soon became evident that the effectiveness of adalimumab in daily practice was highly variable. A significant unmet medical need of HS patients remained, and the search for novel therapeutic targets was intensified. During the 10th European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation (EHSF) e.V. Conference, reknown international HS investigators virtually presented and discussed the published data on these potential target molecules for future HS treatment. This article addresses the most promising molecules currently under investigation from a pathophysiological and clinical point of view. With phase III trials ongoing, the anti‐ interleukin (IL)‐17 biologics bimekizumab and secukinumab are in the most advanced stage of clinical development showing promising results. In addition, targeting IL‐1α with bermekimab has shown encouraging results in two clinical trials. Directing treatment at neutrophil recruitment and activation by targeting IL‐36 with spesolimab fits well in the pathogenic concept of HS and clinical phase II trial results are pending. In contrast to in situ evidence, Complement 5a (C5a) and C5a receptor blockade have only shown greater clinical benefit in patients with severe HS. Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 signalling in HS showed clinical efficacy only in the highest dosage, highlighting that careful surveillance of the balance between safety and efficacy of JAK inhibition is warranted. Overall, clinical efficacies of all novel treatments reported so far are modest. To guide drug development, more and better‐defined translational data on the pathogenesis of this severe and enigmatic inflammatory skin disease are required.
Static mechanical properties of virgin and recycled short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene produced by pellet additive manufacturing
Authors: Rigon Daniele , Ricotta Mauro , Ardengo Giovanni , Meneghetti Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe static behavior of specimens made of virgin and recycled short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene filled with mineral filler has been studied. Specimens were produced by means of pellet additive manufacturing (PAM) adopting different infill patterns to investigate the influence of material anisotropy. For comparison purposes, the mechanical properties of the same virgin and recycled materials were investigated also with injection‐molded specimens. The fracture behavior was investigated by analyzing the damage at a macroscopic as well as microscopic level. As the main outcome, it was noted that both the manufacturing and recycling processes play a crucial role in the damage mechanics of the specimens, thus explaining the different fracture behaviors noted at the macroscale.
Thiol–disulfide homeostasis and ischemia‐modified albumin as a marker of oxidative stress in patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Özsürekci Cemile , Şengül Ayçiçek Gözde , Çalışkan Hatice , Tuna Doğrul Rana , Neşelioğlu Salim , Özcan Münevver , Doğu Burcu B , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Erel Özcan , Halil Meltem G 
Published: June 2021

AimSarcopenia is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Chronic inflammatory conditions and increased oxidative stress are in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and thiol–disulfide homeostasis and ischemia‐modified albumin levels as an oxidative stress marker.MethodsPatients aged ≥65 years were recruited in this study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criterion. Total thiol, native thiol, disulfide and ischemia‐modified albumin levels were measures according to clinical and laboratory features. Patients were divided into two groups according to their sarcopenia presence; thiol–disulfide homeostasis and ischemia‐modified albumin levels were evaluated between these groups.ResultsOverall, 94 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 75.0 ± 6.71 years. A total of 39% of the patients were diagnosed as probable sarcopenia, 3.2% had sarcopenia, 6.4% had severe sarcopenia and 51.1% were diagnosed as normal. The levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide level and disulfide–native thiol, native thiol–total thiol and disulfide–total thiol ratios were similar in patients with sarcopenia when compared with the control group. In addition, there were no differences between albumin and ischemia‐modified albumin levels. In univariate regression analysis, handgrip strength was found to be an independent predictor of native thiol and total thiol, and disulfide levels.ConclusionThis is the first study in the literature that evaluates the thiol–disulfide homeostasis and ischemia‐modified albumin levels in sarcopenic older patients. Long‐term studies are warranted to confirm the relationship between oxidative stress markers and sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 584–589.
Mitochondrial dynamics and degradation in the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi
Authors: Duan Lan , Okamoto Koji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence implicates the vital role of mitochondria in lipid consumption and storage, highlighting the intimate link between energy production and saving. Although formation of giant lipid droplets, which is the key hallmark of the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi, appears to be regulated in response to changes in mitochondrial shape and metabolism, technical limitations of genetic manipulation have become an obstacle to uncover the mitochondrial behavior in this nonconventional yeast. Here, we established an L. starkeyi strain stably expressing a fluorescent marker for monitoring mitochondrial morphology and degradation and found that mitochondria are mostly fragmented in L. starkeyi cells under fermentable, nonfermentable, and nitrogen depletion conditions. Notably, a fraction of mitochondria‐specific fluorescent signals was localized to the vacuole, a lytic organelle in yeast, indicating degradation of mitochondria in those cells. This possible catabolic event was more predominant in cells under nutrient‐poor conditions than that in cells under nutrient‐rich conditions, concomitantly with lipid droplet formation. Collectively, our studies provide a new tool to investigate mitochondrial dynamics in L. starkeyi and decipher the potential role of mitochondrial degradation in lipid metabolism.
Comparative investigation of ultrafast thermal shock of Ti3AlC2 ceramic in water and air
Authors: Hu Baotong , Bao Yiwang , Su Xiaojia , Wan Detian , Feng Qingguo , Grasso Salvatore , Hu Chunfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, ultrafast thermal shock of Ti3AlC2 ceramic was evaluated in water and air by utilizing the induction heating method. First, the annealed samples were heated to the set temperature in tens of seconds and dropped into the cooling water within 0.1 s which is rather short not to degrade the sample temperature. Compared to the traditional thermal shock method when quenching in water, the abnormal thermal shock phenomenon did not occur, which is owing to that no dense oxide layers were formed on the samples’ surface to act as the thermal barrier. The continuous decrease in residual flexural strength when quenched in water is associated with water infiltration, chemical reaction, and large surface tensile stress. The residual strength has 27.25 MPa upon 1250°C. Second, at the same testing temperature, the residual flexural strength when quenched in air maintains a high value of 388 MPa up to 1400°C. Dense oxide scales existed on the quenched surface of Ti3AlC2 samples. The results exhibit that Ti3AlC2 ceramic possesses excellent thermal shock resistance in water and air, suitable to be applied in extreme environments.
Spiritual care, compassion and associated factors of midwives working in delivery rooms
Authors: Akın Bihter , Erkal Aksoy Yasemin , Yılmaz Sema 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the level of spiritual care and compassion among midwives working in delivery rooms and associated factors.MethodsA descriptive design was utilized to collect data using self‐report questionnaires from 181 midwives working in delivery rooms in Turkey. Data were collected between 1 February 2020 and 20 March 2020.ResultsThe mean Spiritual Care‐Giving Scale (SCGS) (min: 25‐ max: 175) and Compassion Scale (CS) (min: 24– max: 120) scores were 147.88 ± 17.84 and 96.37 ± 12.84. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the SCGS and CS scores of the midwives based on age, working year, work schedule, job satisfaction and traumatic birth experiences. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between scores on certain SCGS and CS subdimensions.ConclusionMidwifery is a continuously evolving profession based on helping others. However, long working hours and their exposure to traumatic birth events negatively affect both spiritual caregiving and compassion levels of midwives. Working conditions of midwives need to improve and this would contribute to the quality of maternal healthcare. Also, studies should be conducted in different contexts, societies and cultures to identify barriers to compassionate and spiritual care during childbirth.
How does implicit aggressiveness translate into counterproductive work behaviors? The role of job satisfaction and workplace anger
Authors: Ružojčić Mitja , Galić Zvonimir , Jerneić Željko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough implicit aggressiveness, measured by the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT‐A), seems to be important to understand counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs), little is known about psychological mechanisms that explain this relationship. Building on previous work, we examined the role of job satisfaction and workplace anger in this relationship, on a sample of 360 employees who filled in the CRT‐A, and reported on job satisfaction, workplace anger, and CWBs at two occasions separated by 6–12 months. Analyses using a general CWB factor indicated complex relationship between constructs. Additional analyses revealed that: (a) job satisfaction explained the relationship between implicit aggressiveness and organizationally directed CWBs and (b) workplace anger explained the relationship between implicit aggressiveness and interpersonally directed CWBs.
Effectiveness of the MF59‐adjuvanted trivalent or quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine among adults 65 years of age or older, a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Coleman Brenda L. , Sanderson Ruth , Haag Mendel D. M. , McGovern Ian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundStandard‐dose seasonal influenza vaccines often produce modest immunogenic responses in adults ≥65 years old. MF59 is intended to elicit a greater magnitude and increased breadth of immune response.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of seasonal MF59‐adjuvanted trivalent/quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV/aQIV) relative to no vaccination or vaccination with standard or high‐dose egg‐based influenza vaccines among people ≥65 years old.MethodsCochrane methodological standards and PRISMA‐P guidelines were followed. Real‐world evidence from non‐interventional studies published in peer‐reviewed journals and gray literature from 1997 through to July 15, 2020, including cluster‐randomized trials, were eligible. Two reviewers independently extracted data; risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐I tool.ResultsTwenty‐one studies conducted during the 2006/07–2019/20 influenza seasons were included in the qualitative review; 16 in the meta‐analyses. Meta‐analysis of test‐negative studies found that aTIV reduced medical encounters due to lab‐confirmed influenza with pooled estimates of 40.7% (95% CI: 21.9, 54.9; I2 = 0%) for non‐emergency outpatient visits and 58.5% (40.7, 70.9; I2 = 52.9%) for hospitalized patients. The pooled estimate of VE from case‐control studies was 51.3% (39.1, 61.1; I2 = 0%) against influenza‐ or pneumonia‐related hospitalization. The pooled estimates for the relative VE of aTIV for the prevention of influenza‐related medical encounters were 13.9% (4.2, 23.5; I2 = 95.9%) compared with TIV, 13.7% (3.1, 24.2; I2 = 98.8%) compared with QIV, and 2.8% (−2.9, 8.5; I2 = 94.5%) compared with HD‐TIV.ConclusionsAmong adults ≥65 years, aTIV demonstrated significant absolute VE, improved relative VE compared to non‐adjuvanted standard‐dose TIV/QIV, and comparable relative VE to high‐dose TIV.
Structure, processes, and initial outcomes of The Ottawa Hospital Multi‐Specialist Limb‐Preservation Clinic and Programme: A unique‐in‐Canada quality improvement initiative
Authors: Roberts Derek J. , Murphy Christine , Strauss Shira A. , Brandys Timothy , Corrales‐Medina Vicente , Zhang Jing , Lalonde Karl‐André , Meulenkamp Bradley , Jennings Alison , Forster Alan J. , McIsaac Daniel I. , Nagpal Sudhir K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2017, The Ottawa Hospital initiated a unique‐in‐Canada quality improvement initiative by opening a novel, multi‐specialist limb‐preservation clinic. We sought to describe the structure, processes, and initial outcomes of the clinic and evaluate whether it is achieving its mandate of providing high‐quality wound clinical care, education, and research. We conducted a descriptive prospective cohort study alongside a nested study of 162 clinic patients requiring serial assessments. There have been 1623 visits, mostly (72.2%) from outpatients. During 17.8% of visits, patients were evaluated by >1 specialist. Therapies provided most often included negative‐pressure wound therapy (32.7%), biological wound dressings (21.6%), and total contact casting (18.5%). Furthermore, 1.2% underwent toe/ray amputations or skin grafting in clinic and 22.8% were initiated on antimicrobials. Mixed‐effects models suggested that mean wound volumes for those requiring serial assessments decreased by 1.6 (95% confidence interval = −0.86 to −2.27) cm3 between visits. The clinic provided seven rotations to vascular surgery, infectious diseases, dermatology, and palliative care physicians; three nursing preceptorships; and two educational workshops. It also initiated provincial and national vascular health and wound care research initiatives. This study may be used to guide development of other limb‐preservation clinics and programmes. Findings support that our programme is achieving its mandate.
2.5–5.5 μm mid‐infrared emission from Ni2+‐doped chalcohalide glass ceramics containing CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Cui Manman , Yang Anping , Sun Mingyang , Lin Huixing , Lin Hang , Ren Jing , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of mid‐infrared (MIR) broadband tunable lasers urgently needs high performance laser gain materials. Transition metal (TM) ions doped glass ceramics are considered to be efficient MIR broadband laser gain media. However, it is difficult to achieve gain because of the large scattering loss and low luminescence efficiency. In this paper, GeS2–Sb2S3–CsI–PbI2 chalcohalide glass ceramics containing CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals are fabricated by the melt‐quenching method and subsequent heating treatment. The crystallization behavior of CsPbI3 nanophase and MIR luminescence properties of Ni2+ dopant are systematically investigated. Evidently, spherical CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals are precipitated and uniformly distributed in the glassy matrix, which can reduce the light scattering and make the chalcohalide glass ceramics have a high transparency. Moreover, an ultra‐broadband MIR emission in the range of 2.5–5.5 μm is observed for the first time, to our best knowledge, from Ni2+‐doped chalcohalide glass ceramics containing CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals. The newly developed Ni2+‐doped chalcohaldie glass ceramics could be promising gain media for MIR broadband tunable lasers.
The psychological experiences of nurses after inpatient suicide: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative research studies
Authors: Shao Qinwen , Wang Yanjie , Hou Kunhua , Zhao Haiping , Sun Xianghong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore nurses’ psychological experiences after inpatient suicide.DesignQualitative studies were meta‐synthesized.Data sourcesEight databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Wanfang Data, VIP database, CBM and CNKI) were searched for qualitative studies from each database's inception to 31 August 2020.Review methodsStudies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Qualitative data were extracted, summarized, and meta‐synthesized.ResultsEleven studies were included, and five themes were identified: (a) emotional experience, (b) cognitive experience, (c) coping strategies, (d) self‐reflection and (e) impact on self and practise.ConclusionNurses reported various negative emotions after inpatient suicide. Hospital administrators should recognize nurses’ second victim psychological trauma. Moreover, they must develop theory‐based education, training and psychological support programmes to promote nurses’ mental health. Hospital patient safety management is also important to ensure patient safety whilst preventing nurses from becoming second victims.ImpactUnderstanding the psychological experiences of nurses who have undergone inpatient suicide will inform future research and practise. Nurses require psychological support after experiencing adverse events. Education and training are necessary to help nurses acquire suicide knowledge, understand the role of the second victim, better cope with adverse events and promote self‐growth. Hospitals should strengthen the construction of a safety culture to ensure patient safety.