bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Combined Treatment With Fallopia Japonica and Prunella Vulgaris Extract on Myopia Progress
Authors: Lin Chia-Hung , Chen Chih-Sheng , Wang Yao-Chien , Lin En-Shyh , Chang Ching-Yao , Chen Jamie Jinn-Yi , Wu Ming-Yen , Lin Hui-Ju , Wan Lei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe increased global incidence of myopia requires the establishment of therapeutic approaches. Previous studies have suggested that inflammation plays an important role in the development and progression of myopia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Fallopia Japonica (FJ) and Prunella Vulgaris (PV) extract on myopia caused by monocular form deprivation (MFD) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MethodsWe used human retinal pigment epithelial cell to study the molecular mechanisms on how FJE and PVE lowering the inflammation of the eye. The effect of FJE and PVE in MFD induced hamster model and explore the role of inflammation cytokines in myopia.ResultsMyopia progression was enhanced upon tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interleukin (IL)-6 administration. Expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were upregulated in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells treated with IL-6 and TNF-α. FJ extract (FJE) + PV extract (PVE) reduced IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α expression in RPE cells. Furthermore, FJE and PVE inhibited inflammation by attenuating the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) pathway. In addition, we report two resveratrol + ursolic acid compounds from FJ and PV and their inhibitory activities against IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α expression levels in RPE cells treated with IL-6 and TNF-α. FJE, PVE, and FJE + PVE were applied to MFD hamsters and their axial length was measured after 21 days. The axial length showed statistically significant differences between phosphate-buffered saline- and FJE-, PVE-, and FJE + PVE-treated MFD eyes. FJE + PVE suppressed expressions of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. They also inhibited myopia-related transforming growth factor-beta (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and NF-κB expression while increasing type Ⅰ collagen expression. ConclusionOverall, these results suggest that FJE + PVE may have a therapeutic effect on myopia and be used as a potential treatment option.
Water-Soluble Total Flavonoids Isolated from Isodon Lophanthoides Var.Gerardianus (Benth.) H.Hara Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Feng chuan-ping , Xia Ding hai , Liu ying-xin , Di Qing-feng , Liu Yan , Liang Jian , Liu Guang-xi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus (Benth.) H. Hara is an autochthonous plant produced chiefly in South China, and as one of mainstream varieties of Xihuangcao, which has been applied for prevention and treatment of common diseases of liver and gall for several hundred years. The water-soluble total flavonoids (WSTF) from the folk herbal medicine has many pharmacological effects. This study investigate whether WSTF has a synergistic effect of combination treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on HCC.Methods: Cells were treated with WSTF alone or combination treatment with 5-FU and we implied cell viability, colony formation assay and cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis analysis and western blot, immunohistochemistry and xenograft tumorigenicity assay for investigating the roles of WSTF on HCC in vitro and in vivo.Results: WSTF caused G0/G1-phase arrest, and increased ROS levels. The generation of ROS levels could cause cell apoptosis and inhibite colony formation. WSTF decreased the expression of bcl-2, but promoted the expression of bax. These showed that WSTF-mediated apoptosis is associated with mitochondria-dependent. WSTF combined with 5-Fu has a synergistic effect to significantly suppress tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Reduction of ROS changed the synergistic effect of WSTF and 5-FUConclusions: WSTF inhibits the growth of HCC and enhances chemosensitivity to 5-FU in HCC. WSTF combined with 5-FU in HCC can play synergistic effect when applied in the clinical setting.
Effects of Parity Order on Performance, Metabolic, and Hormonal Parameters of Grazing Beef Cows During Pre-calving and Lactation Periods
Authors: Ferreira Matheus Fellipe de Lana , Rennó Luciana Navajas , Rodriquez Isabela Iria , Detmann Edenio , Paulino Mário Fonseca , Filho Sebastião de Campos Valadares , Martins Hudson Caio , Moreira Samira Silveira , Lana Daniela Silveria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Metabolic profile evaluation is a tool widely used in ruminant nutrition as metabolic cues that relate nutrition to physiology. Metabolic and hormonal traits change during pre-partum and lactation according to parity in dairy cows, but studies of beef cows under grazing are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate how metabolic and hormonal traits change over time, their relationship to performance, and determine if these factors differ according to the parity order of grazing beef cows. Thirty-six pregnant Nellore cows (12 nulliparous, 12 primiparous, and 12 multiparous) were used. The study started at 60 d prepartum until 203 d of lactation.Results: The initial body weight (BW) and final BW were higher for multiparous cows (P > 0.05). An interaction occurred between parity and day (P <.0001) for body condition score (BCS). Nulliparous and primiparous BCS were reduced from -60 prepartum to 30 postpartum, then stabilized 60 postpartum (P < 0.05), while multiparous maintained BCS from -60 days until 60 days postpartum (P > 0.05). Calf BW, final BW, and ADG did not differ between parities (P > 0.05). Effect of day (P < 0.05) was detected for NEFA, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, progesterone, and insulin. An interaction was observed between parity and days for glucose, βHB, creatinine and IGF-1 (P < 0.05). Parity affected SUN, total proteins, albumin, and globulins (P < 0.05). Parity and day relative to calving did not impact total T3 and T4 (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Hormonal and metabolic profile is strongly influenced by the stage of lactation. Time effects (pre-partum and lactation period) were more pronounced in nulliparous since they displayed more unbalanced metabolic and hormonal traits and lowered BCS pre- and postpartum.
Long-Lasting ZnO-P2O5-SiO2:Mn2+ Glass for Optical Information Storage
Authors: Zheng Tao , Xu Haoran , Wang Xiangfu , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The optical information storage ZnO-P2O5-SiO2:Mn2+ glass was prepared by the melting method. The photoluminescence (PL), long persistence luminescence (LPL) and photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL) show the same luminescence spectra with main peaks located at 607 nm. The research shows that the color of luminescence depends on the coordination environment of Mn2+ in the crystal lattice and the red luminescence depends on the 4T1(4G)→6A1g(6S) electronic transition of Mn2+. PSL and LPL phenomenon can’t be observed in 70ZnO-10P2O5-20SiO2 glass, which indicates that Mn2+ ions serve as glowing centers in PSL and LPL phenomenon. Thermo-luminescence (TL) shows that the depth of the traps in glass is as high as 0.908eV. The 254 nm ultraviolet light was used to record information in the glass and read it under 980 nm infrared light excitation. The ZnO-P2O5-SiO2:Mn2+ glass in this work is a high-security level optical information storage medium.
Deterring Non-Target Birds From Toxic Bait Sites for Wild Pigs
Authors: Snow Nathan P. , Halseth Joseph M. , Foster Justin A. , Lavelle Michael J. , Fischer Justin W. , Glow Michael P. , Messer Ingrid A. , Cook Seth M. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Toxic baiting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) is a potential new tool for population control and damage reduction in the US. Field trials testing a prototype toxic bait (HOGGONE® 2 containing 5% sodium nitrite [SN]), though, revealed that wild pigs spilled small particles of toxic bait outside of bait stations which subsequently created hazards for non-target species that consumed those particles, primarily passerine birds. To deter non-target birds from consuming particles of spilled bait, we tested four deterrents at mock bait sites (i.e., baited with bird seed) in north-central CO, USA during April–May 2020. We found a programable, inflatable deterrent device (scare dancer) reduced bird visitation by an average of 96%. Then, we evaluated the deterrent devices at SN-toxic bait sites in north-central TX, USA during July 2020, where the devices were activated the morning following deployment of SN-toxic bait. Overall, we found 139 dead wild pigs at 10 bait sites following one night of toxic baiting, which represented an average of 91% reduction in wild pigs visiting bait sites. We found that deterrent devices were 100% effective at deterring birds from toxic bait sites. We found two dead non-target mice at bait sites without deterrent devices. We noted that deploying toxic bait in mid-summer rather than late-winter/early-spring reduced hazards to migrating birds because they were not present in our study area during July. We recommend using deterrent devices (i.e., novel, programmable, battery operated, continuous and erratic movement, and snapping sounds) to reduce hazards to non-target birds at SN-toxic bait sites. We further recommend deploying SN-toxic bait during seasons when migrating birds are not as abundant until further research demonstrates minimal risks to migrating birds.
Response and Oil Degradation Activities of a Northeast Atlantic Bacterial Community to Biogenic and Synthetic Surfactants
Authors: Nikolova Christina , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Magill Clayton , Kleindienst Sara , Joye Samantha B. , Gutierrez Tony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Biosurfactants, however, are naturally derived products that play a similar role to synthetic dispersants in oil spill response but are easily biodegradable and less toxic. Using a combination of analytical chemistry, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and simulation-based approaches, this study investigated the microbial community dynamics, ecological drivers, functional diversity and robustness, and oil biodegradation potential of a northeast Atlantic marine microbial community to crude oil when exposed to rhamnolipid or synthetic dispersant Finasol OSR52. Results: Psychrophilic Colwellia and Oleispira dominated the community in both the rhamnolipid and Finasol OSR52 treatments initially but later community structure across treatments diverged significantly: Rhodobacteraceae and Vibrio dominated the Finasol-amended treatment, whereas Colwellia, Oleispira, and later Cycloclasticus and Alcanivorax, dominated the rhamnolipid-amended treatment. The key aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria like Cycloclasticus was not observed in the Finasol treatment but it was abundant in the oil-only and rhamnolipid-amended treatments. Overall, Finasol had a significant negative impact on the community diversity, weakened the taxa-functional robustness of the community, and caused a stronger environmental filtering, more so than oil-only and rhamnolipid-amended oil treatments. Rhamnolipid-amended and oil-only treatments had the highest functional diversity, however, the overall oil biodegradation was greater in the Finasol treatment, but aromatic biodegradation was highest in the rhamnolipid treatment. Conclusion: Overall, the natural marine microbial community in the northeast Atlantic responded differently to crude oil dispersed with either synthetic or biogenic surfactants over time, but oil degradation was more enhanced by the synthetic dispersant. Collectively, our results advance the understanding of how rhamnolipid biosurfactants and synthetic dispersant Finasol affect the natural marine microbial community in the FSC, supporting their potential application in oil spills.
The Value of MRI in Diagnosing and Classifying Acute Traumatic Multiple Ligament Knee Injuries
Authors: Li Xusheng , Hou Qian , Zhan Xuehua , Chang Long , Ma Xiaobing , Yuan Haifeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used examination for knee injuries, however, the accuracy of MRI in classifying multiple ligament knee injuries (MLKIs) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of MRI in diagnosing and classifying acute traumatic MLKIs.Methods The clinical data of 97 patients who were diagnosed with acute traumatic MLKIs and managed by multi-ligament reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative findings were considered as the standard pattern of injured structures. The value of MRI in detecting injuries of ligaments and meniscus was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and kappa coefficients analysis. The value of MRI in classifying MLKIs was evaluated by calculating the agreement between MRI and intraoperative findings.Results For detecting the specific injured structures in MLKIs, MRI had high sensitivity and moderate specificity in detecting cruciate ligament injuries, moderate sensitivity and specificity in detecting collateral ligament injuries, fair sensitivity and low specificity in the diagnosis of injuries to the meniscus. For classifying the MIKIs, MRI had a moderate agreement with intraoperative findings in classifying KD-Ⅴ (kappa value=0.57), poor agreement in the KD-Ⅰ (kappa value=0.39) and KD-ⅢM (kappa value=0.31), meaningless in the KD-Ⅱ and KD-ⅢL (kappa value <0). The overall agreement in classifying MLKIs was poor (kappa value =0.23). Conclusions MRI can be used for the early detection of MLKIs, however, the value of MRI in classifying MLKIs is limited, management of MLKIs should be based on intraoperative findings.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Akuntansi, Komitmen Karyawan, dan Peran Internal Audit Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Pada OPD Kab. Gianyar
Authors: Fibriyani Dewa Ayu , Seri Ekayani Ni Nengah , Manuaba I. B. Made Putra 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 26 OPD yang berada diwilayah Pemerintahan Kabupaten Gianyar dengan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dan metode purposive sampling yang bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemahaman akuntansi, ikomitmen karyawan, dan peran internaliaudit terhadapikualitasilaporan keuanganipemerintah daerah. Responden yangidigunakan dalamipenelitian ini sebanyak 95 orang yang terdiri dari staff atau pegawai bagian keuangan di setiap dinas, badan, dan inspektorat. Dataihasil jawabanikuesioner dari responden diuji denganianalisis regresi linier berganda, hasil penelitian menghasilkan bahwa variabel pemahaman akuntansi, komitmen karyawan, dan peran internal audit berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporanikeuangan pemerintah daerah di OPD Kab. Gianyar.
KESERAGAMAN DAN PANCARAN IRIGASI PIPA PERFORASI PADA BERBAGAI KEMIRINGAN PIPA TRANSMISI
Authors: I Dewa Gede Jaya Negara  , Humairo Saidah  , I Wayan Yasa  , Adhitya Halim .P  
Published: May 2021

Potensi lahan kering yang berbukit perlu dikembangkan untuk usahatani lahan terbatas guna terjadi pemerataan ketahanan pangan diberbagai wilayah yang potensial. Banyak lahan kering yang ada terutama pada daerah yang berbukit dan berlereng belum dikelola optimal untuk pertanian karena terbatasnya dukung teknik irigasi yang praktis. Pemanfaatkan perbedaan elevasi lahan yang ada merupakan potensi yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh Teknik irigasi yang membutuhkan tekanan air. Teknik irigasi sistem pipa perforasi memiliki kesamaan dengan sistem sprinkler mini karena menggunakan tekanan air, dan sangat mungkin dapat diterapkan pada kondisi lahan berlereng, akan tetapi kemampuan sistem perforasi yang perlu diketahui lebih lanjut agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk irigasi yang praktis. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan uji sistem irigasi perforasi dengan variasi kemiringan tertentu terhadap besarnya jangkauan pancaran dan keseragamannya, agar nanti dapat digunakan sebagai acauan awal.Model uji menggunakan sumber air dari tendon setinggi 3.7 m dan dengan tangki kapasitas ± 200 liter. Diameter pipa transmisi ½ inch dengan panjang 2.55 meter, dan pipa lateral sebagai pipa perporasi dengan lubang 3mm terdiri dari 3 pipa dengan panjang pipa 4 meter diameter 1/2 inch dan jarak antar lubang pipa perporasi 0,60 m. Uji dilakukan terhadap 4 variasi kemiringan 10º, 20º, 30º dan 40º dengan 4 variasi head 1= 2.855 m, head 2 = 2.35 m, head 3 = 1.85 m dan head 4 = 1.30 m. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, semakin besar kemiringan pipa transmisi maka head yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi. Keseragaman irigasi perforasi terjadi semakin kecil jika kemiringan semakin besar dengan nilai minimum 85% dan tertinggi 91%. Pancaran perforasi yang besar diperoleh pada kemiringan transmisi 20º dan 30º yaitu 2.66 m dan 2.40 m.
Plant growth-promoting activity in bean plants of endophytic bacteria isolated from Echeveria laui
Authors: Emmer Anderson , Dos Santos Oliveira João Arthur , Domingos Polli Andressa , Cesar Polonio Julio , Hamamura Alves Leonardo , Zani Fávaro Polonio Cintia , Lucio Azevedo João , Alencar Pamphile João 
Published: May 2021

Echeveria laui (Crassulaceae) is commonly commercialized due to its drought-tolerance capacity and to its rosette-shaped aesthetics. Since endophytes associated with plants from a dry or arid environment have scarcely been analyzed as yet, current research comprises the isolation of leaf endophytic bacteria from E. laui (one five-year-old and one two-year-old plants) investigating plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria which may solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, produce exopolysaccharides/IAA and antagonize phytopathogens. Isolation by the maceration methodology provided a colonization rate of 1.98 x109 CFU g-1 for the two-year-old plant and 1.14 x 1010 CFU g-1 for the five-year-old one. All 40 isolates evaluated showed in vitro plant growth-promoting agent’s abilities, with emphasis on EG04, ELG18, and ELP06. The capacity of the three best bacterial isolates were evaluated under greenhouse conditions in common and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA region and phylogenetic analysis, the three endophytes were identified as Pantoea sp. (ELG04 and ELG18) and Erwinia sp. (ELP06). Under greenhouse conditions, statistically significant differences were found among the plants treated with the three endophytes when compared to control plants for fresh and dry shoot, root biomass and length.
MELLOR’S QUESTION
Authors: Meinertsen Bo R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One can distinguish two basic competing theories of determinables that address Mellor’s Question, implicitly if not explicitly. On the second-order theory, determinables are second-order properties of determinate properties; on the second-level theory, determinables are first-order properties of the particulars with these determinate properties. Given that ontological parsimony is vital to metaphysics, it is of utmost importance which of the two theories is true. Firstly, the paper argues that the second-level theory offers the best explanation of the explananda (though the race is close), including the important but neglected phenomenon of “intermediate determinables.” Secondly, by paying attention to intermediate determinables and instantiation of higher-order properties, the paper claims that the second-level theory is also more ontologically economical. For these two reasons, this theory is preferable.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDES) MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENATAAN MANAJEMEN UNIT BISNIS
Authors: Widiastuti Harjanti , Kresnawati Etik , Utami Evy Rahman 
Published: May 2021

Dalam Permendesa No.4/2015 tentang Bumdes pasal 2 dijelaskan bahwa pendirian Bumdes dimaksudkan sebagai upaya untuk menampung seluruh kegiatan di bidang ekonomi dan pelayanan umum yang dikelola oleh desa atau kerja sama antar desa. Demokrasi ekonomi di desa adalah sistem ekonomi yang memungkinkan warga desa merancang dan meramu kegiatan ekonomi yang ingin dilaksanakan dengan potensi yang dimiliki. Perwujudan demokrasi ekonomi pedesaaan dapat dilakukan dengan adanya Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes). Tujuan program ini untuk memberikan motivasi, wawasan, dan pembekalan kepada tim pengelola Bumdes Arum Sejahtera yang beralamat di Sumberarum Moyudan Sleman Yogyakarta dalam rangka pengembangan unit bisnis Bumdes. Dari pelaksanaan focus group discussion di awal kegiatan diperoleh kesepakatan bahwa tim pengelola Bumdes Arum Sejahtera akan mendirikan unit bisnis berupa pasar desa sekaligus merancang pengelolaannya. Metode yang dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi masalah, sosialisasi program, TOT pengurus Bumdes, pendataan data pedagang, pendampingan proses pendirian pasar desa, dan evaluasi. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan tim bumdes beserta kepala desa dan tokoh masyarakat sudah menyelesaikan administrasi terkait pendirian Bumdes, melakukan pendataan pedagang, dan mengatur zonasi pedagang. Selain itu, semakin tinggi animo masyarakat untuk bertransaksi di pasar desa.
Not All Past is Legacy: Echoes of 1917–1923 in Contemporary East Central Europe
Authors: Górny Maciej 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article discusses parallelisms between the social and political realities of East Central Europe around 1917–1923 and the current state of affairs. It starts with an analysis of the dynamic social relations in the final year of the Great War to follow with the question of their impact on politics and a short outline of the region’s history after 1918. While in terms of political and social reality there is little to invite comparison between these two periods under scrutiny, the language of politics and popular sentiments do. Most importantly, and similarly to East Central Europe in the interwar period, fear of a radical change (be it Bolshevism as in 1917–1923 or the cultural revolution) is the main tool of conservative mobilization which represents the sole actual danger to the existing social and political order.
Comparison of Forest Species- Diversity and Composition Inside and Outside of the Holedná Game Reserve (The City of Brno, Czech Republic)
Authors: Řepka Radomír , Keclíková Jarmila , Šebesta Jan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The impact of ungulates on the forest vegetation has far-reaching consequences: it decreases species diversity and the production of biomass, causes soil dehydration, erosion and eutrophication the entire forest community. The article addresses the influence of fallow deer and mouflon on the forest vegetation in the Holedná game reserve (western border of the city of Brno, South Moravia, Czech Republic) and compares differences with the forests adjacent to the game reserve. Sixty localities were distributed randomly and phytosociological relevés subsequently recorded there according to the age of the stands inside and outside of the game reserve. The differences in floristic composition were compared for trees, shrubs and herbs, the herb layer species number, the diversity indices and the values of Ellenberg indicators. In the game reserve, a significant difference was found in the coverage of the herb and shrub layer, which was significantly lower than outside the territory. Furthermore, the increased amount of nitrophilous, heliophytes and ruderal herb species inside the game reserve exhibited affiliation to the interior of game reserve. Besides, young trees and woody sapling were less abundant or even missing inside of game reserve. By contrast, the frequency of typical species of oak-hornbeam forests was higher outside game reserve. Due to the higher number of animals and consequent disturbances, nitrophilous plant species dominate in the herb layer of the game reserve, while forest species are more often represented outside it.