bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of Haplotypes and Promoter Activity at the 5’ Region of the ADH7 Gene
Authors: Zeng Kuo , Li Ya , Gao Meng , Liu Yong-ping , Xu Feng-ling , Xia Xi , Yao Jun , Wang baojie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The function of the 5’ regulatory region and the role of the different SNP loci have not been well characterized. This study investigated the effect of several ADH7 haplotypes on the regulation of gene expression in vitro and the functional sequences in the 5’ regulatory region of ADH7. Three SNPs (rs17537595, rs2851028, and rs2654847) and four different haplotypes (T-C-T, T-T-T, C-T-T, T-C-A) were identified by cloning and sequencing. Methods: Effects of 4 different haplotypes and 8 truncated fragments of 5’ regulatory region on ADH7 gene expression were detected using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. All recombinant plasmids were transfected into HEK-293, U87, and SH-SY5Y cells, respectively, and their relative fluorescence intensity was measured.Results: In HEK-293, U87, and SH-SY5Y cell lines, the relative fluorescence intensity of haplotype T-C-T was significantly higher than that of haplotype T-T-T, C-T-T, and T-C-A. Additionally, we found that regions from -83 to -310bp (ATG, +1), -560 to -768bp , and -987bp to -1203bp up-regulated gene expression. In contrast, the region from -768 to -987bp down-regulated gene expression. The gene expression of regions from -1203 to -1369bp and -1369 to -1626bp was down-regulated in U87 and SH-SY5Y cell lines, but the trend was opposite in HEK-293 cell line. The region from -310 to -560bp up-regulated gene expression in SH-SY5Y cell line, but down-regulated gene expression in HEK-293 and U87 cell lines.Conclusions: This study has shown that the polymorphisms of ADH7 5’ regulatory region play an important role in the regulation of gene expression.
Constructing Xenobiotic Maps of Metabolism to Predict the Role of Enzymes in DNA Adduct Formation
Authors: Conan Maël , Théret Nathalie , Langouet Sophie , Siegel Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background : The liver plays a major role in the metabolic activation of xenobiotics (drugs, chemicals such as pollutants, pesticides, food additives...). Among environmental contaminants of concern, heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) are xenobiotics classified as possible or probable carcinogens (2A or 2B) by IARC for which low information exist in humans. While HAA is a family of more than thirty identified chemicals, the metabolism activation and DNA adduct formation have been fully characterized in human liver for few of them (MeIQx, PhIP, AalphaC). Results: We developed a modeling approach in order to predict all the possible metabolite derivatives of a xenobiotic. Our approach relies on the construction of an enriched and annotated map of derivative metabolites from an input metabolite. The pipeline assembles reaction prediction tools (SyGMa), sites of metabolism prediction tools (Way2Drug, SOMP and Fame 3), a tool to estimate the ability of a xenobotics to form DNA adducts (XenoSite Reactivity V1), and a filtering procedure based on Bayesian framework. This prediction pipeline was evaluated using caffeine and then applied to HAAs. The method was applied to determine enzyme profiles associated with the maximization of DNA adducts formation derived from each HAA. These profiles could be very different depending on the chemicals allowing to classify HAAs which have been grouped by their associated profiles. Conclusions: Overall, such a predictive toxicological model based on a in silico systems biology approach open perspectives to estimate genotoxicity of various chemical classes of environmental contaminants. Moreover, our approach based on enzymes profile determination open the perspective to predict various xenobiotics derived metabolites susceptible to bind DNA adducts in both normal and physiopathological situations.
Network Pharmacology Study and Molecular Docking on the Mechanism of Treatment of Colorectal Cancer by Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang
Authors: Jin Jingyun , Chen Bin , Zhan Xiangyang , Zhou Zhiyi , Liu Hui , Dong Yun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and objective: To predict the targets and signal pathways of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT) in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on network pharmacology, to further analyze its anti-CRC material basis and mechanism of action.Methods: TCMSP and TCMID databases were adopted to screen the active ingredients and potential targets of XCHT. CRC-related targets were retrieved by analyzing published microarray data (accession number GSE110224) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The above common targets were used to construct the “herb-active ingredients-target” network by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. And then, the protein-to-protein interaction（PPI）was constructed and analyzed with BisoGenet and CytoNCA plug-in in Cytoscape. Gene Ontology (GO) functional and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for target genes were then performed using the R package of cluster Profiler. Further, AutoDock Vina software was used to conduct molecular docking studies on the active ingredients and key targets to verify the network pharmacological analysis results.Results: A total of 71 active ingredients of XCHT and 20 potential targets for anti-CRC were identified. The network analysis revealed that quercetin, stigmasterol, kaempferol, baicalein, acacetin may be the key compounds. And PTGS2, NR3C2, CA2, MMP1 may be the key targets. The active ingredients of XCHT interacted with most disease targets of CRC. It fully showed that XCHT exerted its therapeutic effect through the synergistic action of the multi-compound, multi-target, and multi-pathway. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed 46 GO entries, including 20 biological processes, 6 cellular components, and 20 molecular functions. 11 KEGG signaling pathways had been identified, including IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. It showed that XCHT played a role in the treatment of CRC by regulating different signal pathways. Molecular docking confirmed the correlation between five core compounds (including quercetin, stigmasterol, kaempferol, baicalein, and acacetin) and PTGS2.Conclusion: The potential active ingredients, possible targets, and key biological pathways for the efficacy of XCHT in the treatment of CRC were preliminarily described, which provided a theoretical basis for further experimental verification research.
The development of China’s urban social security system, 1949–1988
Authors: Huang Guan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In examining the development of urban social security in China between 1949 and 1988, this study elucidates the impact of a country’s politics on the modification of the design, operation, and transformation of its social security. This study complements existing theories and questions regarding the correlation between economic growth and the development of social security and tests the utility of popular theories of social security development for understanding the Chinese case. In order to conduct vertical comparison, this study divides the period of social security development—namely, 1949 to 1988—according to changes in Chinese Communist Party (CCP) doctrine. Focusing on the emergence of and modifications to China’s social security system before its reform in 1988, this study identifies the structural features and philosophy of its institutional design and analyses its development using statistical data. More specifically, this study demonstrates that changes in the doctrine of the CCP decisively impacted the development of China’s urban social security. In doing so, this study demonstrates a new means of predicting a country’s social security development.
Secondary Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in COVID-19: Comparative Evaluation of Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic-Era, A Retrospective Single Center Study
Authors: Karataş Mustafa , Duman Melike Yaşar , Tünger Alper , Çilli Feriha , Aydemir Şöhret , Ozenci Volkan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of bacterial pathogens in COVID-19 patients and to compare the results with control groups from the pre-pandemic and pandemic era.Methods: Microbiological database records of all the COVID-19 diagnosed patients in the Ege University Hospital between March 15, 2020, and June 15, 2020, evaluated retrospectively. Patients who acquired secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) and bacterial co-infections were analyzed. Etiology and AMR data of the bacterial infections were collected. Results were also compared to control groups from pre-pandemic and pandemic era data.Results: In total, 4,859 positive culture results from 3,532 patients were analyzed. Fifty-two (3.59%) patients had 78 SBIs and 38 (2.62%) patients had 45 bacterial co-infections among 1,447 COVID-19 patients. 22/85 (25.88%) patients died who had bacterial infections. The respiratory culture-positive sample rate was 39.02% among all culture-positive samples in the COVID-19 group. There was a significant decrease in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (8.94%) compared to samples from the pre-pandemic (20.76%) and pandemic era (20.74%) (p=0.001 for both comparisons). Interestingly, Acinetobacter baumannii was the main pathogen in the respiratory infections of COVID-19 patients (%9.76) and the rate was significantly higher than pre-pandemic (3.49%, p<0.002) and pandemic era control groups (3.11%, p<0.001).Conclusion: Due to the low frequency of SBIs reported during the ongoing pandemic, a more careful and targeted antimicrobial prescription should be taken. While patients with COVID-19 had lower levels of ESBL producing Enterobacterales, the frequency of MDR A. baumannii is higher.
Preparation, Structural Analysis, and Tunability of Optical and Dielectric Characteristics of Mn–modified SrLaLiTeO6 Double Perovskite
Authors: HALIZAN MUHAMMAD ZHARFAN MOHD , MOHAMED ZAKIAH , YAHYA AHMAD KAMAL HAYATI 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
SrLaLiTe 1- x Mn x O 6 ( x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) double perovskites have been prepared using solid state method. Studies on structural by applying X–ray diffraction (XRD) characterization found that all compounds formed in monoclinic, P2 1 /n symmetry with reduction of lattice parameters and unit cell volume as dopant concentration increased. The formation of Te 6+ /Mn 6+ –O–Li + octahedral structure can be confirmed with the presence of peaks at certain wavenumbers indicating vibrations of Te – O or Mn – O bonds. As dopant concentration increased, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) characterization found that the increasing trend of formation in grains sizes from x = 0.02 to x = 0.08, and its effects towards dielectric properties which were conducted by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were discussed in this paper. Other discussions included were regarding the significant effect of dopant towards optical band gap, E opt and absorption frequencies of prepared compounds compared to pristine compound indicating its promising potential for optoelectronic device application.
Electrochemical Performance of Lanthanum Cerium Ferrite Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Raza Waseem , Nabi Ghulam , Shahzad Asim , Malik Nafisa , Raza Nadeem 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lanthanum cerium ferrite nanoparticles has been synthesized for the first time via hydrothermal and co-precipitation method. The structural and morphological study of the nanoparticles have been examined by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The electrochemical study of J1 and J2 electrodes have been examined using three electrode system in 6 M KOH electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charging-discharging (GCD) and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS). The highest specific capacitance of 1195 F/g has been obtained at a scan rate of 10 mV/s from hydrothermal synthesis nanomaterial electrode (J2) and long cycling life 92.3% retention after 2000th cycles. Furthermore, the energy density and power density of the J2 electrode at a current density of 5 A/g was 59 Wh/kg and 9234 W/kg respectively. Hence, the fabricated J2 electrode is a favorable candidate for super-capacitor applications.
Humidity Sensing Enhancement and Structural Evolution of Tungsten Doped Zinc Oxide Nano-Sensors Fabricated Through Co-Precipitation Synthesis
Authors: Verma Vernica , Pandey Narendra Kumar , Gupta Priya , Singh Kuldeep , Singh Peramjeet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nano-sensors samples of pure Zinc oxide and tungsten doped ZnO are employed for the study of their humidity sensing performance, morphological and micro-structural details. The nano-powder for sensors of ZnO1 − xWx (x = 0 to 1.75 mol%) are prepared in molar ratios of 0.50 mol%, 1.25 mol%, and 1.75mol% synthesized through co-precipitation technique. The effect of tungsten incorporation in 0.50 mol%, 1.25 mol% and 1.75 mol% on the structural and morphological properties of nanostructures has been investigated via XRD and SEM, respectively. The XRD of the synthesized ZnO nanomaterial possess hexagonal wurtzite structure for all the samples. The obtained diffractogram depicts high and broad peaks implying good crystallinity and smaller crystallite size. The molarity of the dopants yields sufficient reduction in crystallite size from 44.46 nm to 37.38 nm. The crystallite size of the samples calculated using W-H analysis yields 44.28 nm to 39.37 nm. The strain (ϵ) and stress (σ) produced in the crystal due to dopants is analyzed via USDM, UDEDM and SSP thereby deducing energy density ‘u’. The pelletized nano-sensors of diameter 10 mm and thickness 2 mm show excellent response towards humidity sensing within the range of 10–90% of relative humidity. An appreciable sensitivity of 144x and hysteresis of 8.24 is exhibited 1.75 mol% W-ZnO humidity sensor and good stability over a period of 270 days with minimum aging effects.
Energy Efficient IoT Based Cloud Framework for Early Flood Prediction
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Kaur Pankaj Deep , Sood Sandeep Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Flood is a recurrent and crucial natural phenomenon affecting almost the entire planet. It is a critical problem that causes crop destruction, destruction to the population, loss of infrastructure, and demolition of several public utilities. An effective way to deal with this is to alert the community from incoming inundation and provide ample time to evacuate and protect property. In this article, we suggest an IoT-based energy efficient flood prediction and forecasting system. IoT sensor nodes are constrained in terms of battery and memory, so the fog layer uses an energy-saving approach based on data heterogeneity to preserve the system’s power consumption. cloud storage is used for efficient storage. The environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and water body parameters, i.e. water flow and water level, are being investigated for India's Kerala region to calibrate the flood phases. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) approach is used at the fog layer for attribute dimensionality reduction. To forecast the flood, the ANN (Artificial Neural Network) algorithm is used, and the simulation technique of Holt Winter is used to forecast the future flood. Data is obtained from the Indian government meteorological database and experimental assessment is carried out. The findings showed the feasibility of the proposed architecture.
Foraging and Drifting Patterns of a Highly Eusocial Neotropical Stingless Bee Species Assessed by Radio-frequency Identification Tags
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Caliari , Contrera Felipe Andrés León , Arruda Helder , Jaffé Rodolfo , Costa Luciano , Pessin Gustavo , Venturieri Giorgio Cristino , Souza Paulo , Imperatriz-Fonseca Vera Lúcia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bees play a key role in ecosystem services as the main pollinators of numerous flowering plants. Studying factors influencing their foraging behaviour is relevant not only to understand their biology, but also how populations might respond to changes in their habitat and to the climate. Here, we used radio-frequency identification tags to monitor the foraging behaviour of the neotropical stingless bee Melipona fasciculata with special interest in drifting patterns, i.e. when a forager drifts into a foreign nest. In addition, we collected meteorological data to study how abiotic factors affect bees’ lifespan and behaviour. Our results show that only 35 % of bees never drifted to another hive nearby, and that factors such as temperature, humidity and solar irradiation affected the foragers drifting rates and/or lifespan. Moreover, we tested whether drifting levels would decrease after marking the nest entrances with different patterns. Contrary to our predictions, there was an increase in the proportion of drifting, indicating that this could be a deliberate strategy rather than an orientation mistake. Overall, our results demonstrate how managed bee populations are affected by both nearby hives and climate factors, offering unprecedented insights on their biology and potential commercial application as crop pollinators.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors and Angiopoietins As New Players in Mastocytosis
Authors: Marcella Simone , Petraroli Angelica , Braile Mariantonia , Parente Roberta , Ferrara Anne Lise , Galdiero Maria Rosaria , Modestino Luca , Cristinziano Leonardo , Rossi Francesca Wanda , Varricchi Gilda , Triggiani Massimo , de Paulis Amato , Spadaro Giuseppe , Loffredo Stefania 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mastocytosis is a disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation and/or accumulation of mast cells in different organs. More than 90% of patients with systemic mastocytosis have a gain-of-function mutation in codon 816 of the KIT receptor on mast cells (MCs). The symptoms of mastocytosis patients are related to the MC-derived mediators that exert local and distant effects. MCs produce angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and angiopoietins (ANGPTs). Serum concentrations of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 were determined in 64 mastocytosis patients and 64 healthy controls. Intracellular concentrations and spontaneous release of these mediators were evaluated in the mast cell lines ROSAKIT WT and ROSA KIT D816V and in human lung mast cells (HLMCs). VEGF-A, ANGPT1, ANGPT2 and VEGF-C concentrations were higher in mastocytosis patients compared to controls. The VEGF-A, ANGPT2 and VEGF-C concentrations were correlated with the symptom severity. ANGPT1 concentrations were increased in all patients compared to controls. ANGPT2 levels were correlated with severity of clinical variants and with tryptase levels. VEGF-A, ANGPT1 and VEGF-C did not differ between indolent and advanced mastocytosis. ROSAKIT WT, ROSAKIT D816V and HLMCs contained and spontaneously released VEGFs and ANGPTs. Serum concentrations of VEGFs and ANGPTs are altered in mastocytosis patients.
On the combination of rotated principal component analysis regionalization technique and linear regression in seasonal rainfall prediction
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study considers the selection of predictors for regional rainfall based on dynamical considerations; for this reason, a regionalization technique that can preserve the underlying physics of rainfall was used in obtaining landmasses and local oceanic domains that are spatially coherent. For the study region (Africa, south of the equator), the adjacent oceans play a vital role in the seasonal rainfall variability at the landmasses; thus uncovering the complex nature of the multivariate relationship between rainfall coherent landmasses and local oceanic domains will enhance the construction of oceanic indices as predictors of seasonal rainfall at specific landmasses using linear regression analysis. Among different cluster analysis techniques, the rotated principal component analysis (PCA) is both fuzzy and allows the overlapping of the classified data set, which makes it a better choice for geophysical research that aims to regionalize continuous data such as rainfall. 10 regions with spatially homogeneous austral summer monthly rainfall totals were classified using the rotated PCA; some classified regions featured landmasses that are spatially coherent with the adjacent ocean, which qualifies them to be further considered on how rainfall anomaly and other physical parameters related to rainfall (e.g. convergence, relative vorticity, and sea level pressure) at the adjacent oceans explain the variations in austral summer rainfall anomaly at the homogeneous landmasses. The analysis of the physical mechanisms associated with the time development of the selected rainfall regions reveals that at the west-central equatorial rainfall region, variations in relative vorticity and convergence are associated with the development of the rainfall region; whereas at the central domains of southern Africa, variations in the patterns of sea level pressure, relative vorticity and convergence at the landmasses, the tropical and the southwest Indian Ocean can be associated with the development of the distinct rainfall sub-regions. The predictability of austral summer rainfall anomaly at the homogeneous landmasses using appropriate predictors at the adjacent local oceanic domains was relatively more accurate at the deep tropics, possibly due to the dominating mechanism of convergence in controlling the tropical rainfall.
The Impact of Risk Cognitive and Characteristics of Mobile Phone Using on the Sleep Quality of College Students&nbsp;in China during COVID-19
Authors: Xu Yiwen , Li Jun , Gao Qian , Cai Chang , Meng Jia , Fan Lina , Liang Jia , Wang Fang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the influence of risk cognitive and characteristics of mobile phones using on sleep quality during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), mobile phone use characteristics and a mobile phone use risk cognitive questionnaire, which was answered by 1207 college students. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software.Results: There were significant differences in the general and poor sleep quality groups (p=0.013 and 0.037, respectively) between before and during the COVID-19 period. In the PSQI scores there were significant differences of the participants between before and during COVID-19 period with respect to dimensions other than sleep quality. Generalized linear regression analysis showed that the “pros and cons” (p=0.007) of mobile phone use for the items “How often do you take a break during use time?” (p=0.003), “Will subjectively increase the distance between the screen and the eyes?” (p=0.003), “Daily accumulated use time (hours)” (p=0.003) and “use time before bed with the lights off (hours)” (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with sleep quality.Conclusions: Risk cognitive and characteristics of mobile phone using influence sleep quality during the COVID-19 epidemic.