bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Functional, and Physical Activity Outcomes 5 Years Following the Treatment Algorithm of the Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study
Authors: Pedersen Marie , Grindem Hege , Johnson Jessica L. , Engebretsen Lars , Axe Michael J. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn , Risberg May Arna 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can be treated with or without ACL reconstruction (ACLR), and more high-quality studies evaluating outcomes after the different treatment courses are needed. The purpose of the present study was to describe and compare 5-year clinical, functional, and physical activity outcomes for patients who followed our decision-making and treatment algorithm and chose (1) early ACLR with preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation, (2) delayed ACLR with preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation, or (3) progressive rehabilitation alone. Early ACLR was defined as that performed ≤6 months after the preoperative rehabilitation program, and late ACLR was defined as that performed >6 months after the preoperative rehabilitation program.

Methods:
We included 276 patients from a prospective cohort study. The patients had been active in jumping, pivoting, and cutting sports before the injury and sustained a unilateral ACL injury without substantial concomitant knee injuries. The patients chose their treatment through a shared decision-making process. At 5 years, we assessed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Marx Activity Rating Scale, sports participation, quadriceps muscle strength, single-legged hop performance, and new ipsilateral and contralateral knee injuries.

Results:
The 5-year follow-up rate was 80%. At 5 years, 64% of the patients had undergone early ACLR, 11% had undergone delayed ACLR, and 25% had had progressive rehabilitation alone. Understandably, the choices that participants made differed by age, concomitant injuries, symptoms, and predominantly level-I versus level-II preinjury activity level. There were no significant differences in any clinical, functional, or physical activity outcomes among the treatment groups. Across treatment groups, 95% to 100% of patients were still active in some kind of sports and 65% to 88% had IKDC-SKF and KOOS scores above the threshold for a patient acceptable symptom state.

Conclusions:
Patients with ACL injury who were active in jumping, pivoting, and cutting sports prior to injury; who had no substantial concomitant knee injuries; and who followed our decision-making and treatment algorithm had good 5-year knee function and high sport participation rates. Three of 4 patients had undergone ACLR within 5 years. There were no significant differences in any outcomes among patients treated with early ACLR, delayed ACLR, or progressive rehabilitation alone.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Disassociation of an Anteriorly Implanted Dual-Mobility Component with Migration to the Distal Posterior Thigh
Authors: Anliker Luke W. , Tresley Jonathan M. , LaReau Justin M. 
Published: May 2021

Case:
Intraprosthetic dislocation, a rare complication of modular dual-mobility hip replacements, occurs when the polyethylene component becomes dislodged. Our patient sustained an intraprosthetic dislocation with subsequent implant migration to the posterior thigh. In an anterior approach revision surgery at an outside institution, the component was unable to be located. Subsequent imaging revealed marked implant migration. Computed tomography (CT)-guided needle localization was used to facilitate component removal.

Conclusion:
In the presence of different surgical approaches, dissociated polyethylene components may migrate to anatomic compartments distinct from the approach of implantation. CT and needle localization may be used to facilitate component removal.
Improving Spine Models of Care
Authors: Yeung Caleb M. , Lightsey Harry M. , Isaac Sean , Isaac Zacharia , Gilligan Christopher J. , Zaidi Hasan , Ludwig Steven C. , Kang James D. , Makhni Melvin C. 
Published: May 2021

» Spine-related symptoms are leading to increasing volume and expenditure for the U.S. health-care system.» The network of care delivery for patients with spine-related symptoms is similarly increasing in complexity, leading to inefficiencies in care triage and delivery as well as occasionally discordant management.» Providers and health-care systems have been more recently organizing and adopting different models for delivery of care for these patients, with varying methods of patient screening, care options offered, and providers involved.» Patient population, provider preferences and availability, institutional infrastructure, and reimbursement and incentivization schemes have important implications with respect to the adoption of these differing models of care.
Leadership in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Jildeh Toufic R. , Hasan Laith K. , Okoroha Kelechi R. , Parsons Theodore W. 
Published: May 2021

» Orthopaedic surgeons are expected to exercise leadership within a variety of departmental and organizational roles, such as in the context of the clinic, the operating room, private or academic practices, and, more broadly, their respective professional organizations.» Effective leadership can improve patient outcomes and satisfaction, as well as increase team efficacy and gratification.» Exercising insight and understanding as to how and when to employ different leadership styles can help orthopaedic surgeons lead effectively. Additionally, open and effective communication and emotional intelligence play an integral role in effective leadership.» This article reviews some of the current understanding regarding effective leadership in orthopaedic surgery, with a focus on highlighting strategies that are aimed at being a more effective leader.
Effects of Anticoagulant Medication on Bone-Healing
Authors: Butler Alexander J. , Eismont Frank J. 
Published: May 2021

» A substantial proportion of patients undergoing orthopaedic care are prescribed some form of anticoagulant medication, whether for perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis or chronic anticoagulation in the setting of a cardiac or other condition.» An abundance of preclinical data suggests that many commonly used anticoagulant medications may have a harmful effect on bone-healing.» The orthopaedic surgeon should be informed and mindful of the added variable that anticoagulation may play in the outcomes of fracture treatment and bone-healing.» Heparin and warfarin appear to have a greater detrimental impact than low-molecular-weight heparin. Factor Xa inhibitors may confer the least risk, with some studies even suggesting the potential for enhancement of bone-healing.
The Use of Computer Navigation and Robotic Technology in Complex Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ross Keir A. , Wiznia Daniel H. , Long William J. , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: May 2021

» The potential benefits of computer-assisted surgical (CAS) navigation and robotic total knee arthroplasty (TKA) systems, such as increased reliability of restoring the mechanical axis, fewer outliers, more rapid hospital discharge, less physical therapy requirements, decreased blood loss, and decreased revision rates, have led to their application not only in primary cases but also in complex cases such as preoperative deformity and revision.» Early evidence demonstrates that CAS navigation may help to improve alignment in complex cases of femoral and tibial deformity and in cases of femoral bowing.» Data regarding deformity correction with robotic systems are similar to CAS navigation with regard to alignment, but are more limited. There are also scant data regarding revision cases and cases of previous intramedullary canal instrumentation.» Concerns remain regarding cost, learning curves, and operative times. There are potential long-term cost savings associated with a decrease in revisions and readmissions that require additional investigation.» Early evidence for the use of these emerging technologies for deformity correction and revision cases is promising, but their impact on long-term functional outcomes remains to be demonstrated. Additional well-designed comparative studies are warranted.
The Congo deep-sea fan: Mineralogical, REE, and Nd-isotope variability in quartzose passive-margin sand
Authors: Garzanti Eduardo , Bayon Germain , Dennielou Bernard , Barbarano Marta , Limonta Mara , Vezzoli Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The Congo deep-sea fan, the largest on Earth fed entirely with anorogenic detritus, is characterized by quartzose to pure quartzose sand, reflecting multiple recycling coupled with extreme chemical weathering in cratonic equatorial Africa. The very youthful lower course of the Congo River connects directly to a steep canyon, where detritus including quartz grains up to a few millimeters in diameter is funneled towards Atlantic Ocean floors and deposited at abyssal depths more than a thousand kilometers away from shore. This article illustrates for the first time in detail the mineralogical and geochemical signatures of Congo Fan sands and discusses the factors controlling their intersample and intrasample variability as a key to understand how sediment is generated, recycled, and finally transferred to the deep sea. Compositional variability is largely grain-size-dependent. Combined petrographic and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that quartz increases in coarser samples and size classes, whereas feldspars are concentrated in finer sizes, plagioclase relative to K-feldspar and orthoclase relative to microcline, defining an order of mechanical and chemical durability among detrital tectosilicates. Because of overwhelming quartz abundance and very low heavy-mineral concentration, quartz contributes significantly to the REE budget and up to 40–50% of Nd in coarser samples, characterized by εNd values as low as –21. The strong grain-size-dependent variability of εNd suggests that quartz carries a markedly more negative εNd signature than monazite and other detrital components. This is chiefly ascribed to the durability of quartz grains, able to survive repeated cycles of weathering and diagenesis through Proterozoic and Phanerozoic time better than all other minerals. Neodymium model ages are influenced less by grain size and quartz abundance but more by the Sm/Nd ratio of different detrital components, and samples hydrodynamically enriched in LREE-rich minerals display TNd,CHUR and TNd,DM ages 1.2–1.4 Ga younger than samples enriched in HREE minerals.
Not all detritus in the Congo Fan is supplied transversally by the Congo River. Forward-mixing calculations based on mineralogical data indicate that sand entrained northward by longshore currents mixes progressively with Congo River sand along the northernmost Angola coast, penetrates in the Soyo estuary, and is eventually captured in the canyon and transferred to the deep-sea fan, where it is estimated to represents 7 ± 2% of turbidite deposits.
Smoking is associated with constant cough which is resistant to oseltamivir therapy for suspected COVID-19
Authors: Chiba Satoru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Smoking depresses pulmonary immune function and is a risk factor contracting more serious outcomes among people who become infected. The association between smoking and persistent respiratory symptoms which are resistant to oseltamivir for suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was evaluated. A total of 22 COVID-19 suspected medical personnel and their cohabitation families without hypoxia and lung diseases, who came to the adult fever clinic were studied. All patients received oseltamivir and antibacterial therapy together. The median age was 40 years. The study patients were divided into 2 groups; individuals who currently smoke in 11 patients (current smokers) and never smoked in 11 (never smokers). Four (36%) of 11 current smokers experienced constant cough even after oseltamivir administration, compared with 0% of never smokers (χ2=4.90; p<0.05). The cough score decreased from 1.5±0.5 at baseline to 0.3±0.5 during the one week after ciclesonide administration (p<0.001) and constant cough disappeared in three cases out of four current smokers. Because current smokers are at a higher risk to develop constant cough which is resistant to oseltamivir therapy for suspected COVID-19 as compared to never smokers, smoking cessation should be recommended at an early stage. Ciclesonide may improve the constant cough in suspected COVID-19.
Candidate Gene Expression Investigation in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Akalin Hilal , Erdem Yakut , Gokce Nuriye , Ozmen Sevgi , Dogan Muhammet Ensar , Dundar Munis , Ozkul Yusuf 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, expression level analysis of genes associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC1A2, VMAT2, MAOA, COMT, GLYAT, GRM5, DRD4, TPH1, and ADRA2C) by pre-treatment and post-treatment with Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate was investigated. Methods: Forty-three ADHD diagnosed children and 38 healthy children were included to study. Forty-three patients with ADHD were divided into two groups, of which 35 patients used methylphenidate and 8 patients use atomoxetine. Five main study groups were generated: A control group, a group that includes methylphenidate pre-treatment samples, a group includes methylphenidate post-treatment samples, a group that includes atomoxetine pre-treatment samples and a group that includes atomoxetine post-treatment samples. Blood samples (10 ml each) were taken from everyone in study groups into EDTA tubes and RNA isolation was performed. mRNA expression levels of 11 determined candidate genes were showed via reverse transcription quantitative PCR method. Results: The expression levels of SLC6A3 (DAT) of ADHD diagnosed children were significantly higher than the control group, while the mRNA expression levels of SLC6A4, SLC1A2, VMAT2, MAOA, COMT, GLYAT, and TPH1 genes were significantly lower (t- test, p≤0.01).Conclusion: The expression level differences of these genes were determined to be useful as biomarkers in the diagnosis of ADHD. More patient numbers and studies with different groups are needed to fully reveal the relationship between these genes and the disease and its treatment.
Research on Catalytic Denitrification by Zero-Valent Iron (Fe0) and Pd-Ag Catalyst
Authors: Zhou Yu , Yun Yupan , Wen Xueyou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study primarily focused on how to effectively remove nitrate by catalytic denitrification through zero-valent iron (Fe0) and Pd-Ag catalyst. In order to get better catalytic performance, response surface methodology (RSM), instead of the single factor experiments and orthogonal tests, was firstly applied to optimize the condition parameters of the catalytic process. Results indicated that RSM is accurate and feasible for the condition optimization of catalytic denitrification. Better catalytic performance (71.6% N2 Selectivity) was obtained under the following conditions: 5.1 pH, 127 min reaction time, 3.2 mass ration (Pd: Ag), and 4.2 g/L Fe0, which was higher than the previous study designed by the single factor experiments (68.1%) and orthogonal tests (68.7%). However, under the optimal conditions, N2 selectivity showed a mild decrease (69.3%), when the real wastewater was used as the influent. Further study revealed that the cations (e.g., K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Al3+) and anions (e.g., Cl-, HCO3-, and SO42-) exist in wastewater may have distinctive influence on N2 selectivity. Finally, the reaction mechanism and kinetic model of catalytic denitrification were further studied.
Molecular Cytogenetics of Chromosome 2St as Well as Chromosome 3St Derived from Thinopyrum Intermedium and Thinopyrum Ponticum
Authors: Wang Siwen , Wang Changyou , Feng Xianbo , Zhao Jixin , Deng Pingchuan , Wang Yajuan , Chen Chunhuan , Wang Baotong , Ji Wanquan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Owing to the excellent resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, Thionpyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJsJsStSt) and Thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70) are both widely utilized in wheat germplasm innovation programs. Disomic substitution lines (DSLs) carrying one pair of alien chromosomes are valuable bridge materials for novel genes transmission. In this study, six wheat-Thinopyrum DSLs were derived from crosses between Abbondanza nullisomic lines (2n = 40) and two octoploid Trititrigia lines (2n = 8x = 56), characterized by a sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-genome in situ hybridization (GISH), a multicolor GISH (mc-GISH), and an analysis of wheat 15K SNP array combined with molecular marker selection. ES-9 and ES-10 were two wheat- Th. ponticum disomic substitution lines, DS2St (2A) and DS3St (3D). While ES-23, ES-24, ES-25, and ES-26 were four wheat- Th. intermedium disomic substitution lines, DS2St (2A), DS3St (3D), DS2St (2B), DS2St (2D). The FISH karyotypes of Th. ponticum 2St/3St chromosomes were well coincident with the ones of Th. intermedium. The chromosome configurations of F1 hybrids derived from crosses between ES-23 and ES-9, as well as ES-24 and ES-10 were mostly formed 21Ⅱ. Four St-chromosome-specific markers were developed by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Additionally, the substitution lines containing chromosome 2St conferred higher thousand-kernel weight and stripe rust resistance at adult stages, while the substitution lines containing chromosome 3St were highly resistant to stripe rust at all stages. Therefore, these six substitution lines could serve as useful bridging parents for wheat genetic improvement.
Central Neurocytoma in the Fourth Ventricle: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ding Jiangwei , Dong Yang , Wang Lei , Guo Baorui , Li Xinxiao , Xiao Lifei , Jiang Shucai , Zhu Changliang , Wang Feng , Sun Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Central neurocytoma is a rare primary intracranial tumour that usually occurs in young people. Central neurocytoma is more common in the lateral ventricle, but it is rare in the fourth ventricle. Herein, we report a case of central neurocytoma in the fourth ventricle. To improve our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, we reviewed the literature to analyse the age, gender, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and surgical prognosis of CNC in the fourth ventricle.Case presentation: A 44-year-old Chinese women presented with headache and dizziness for 8 years, walking instability for 2 years, and aggravation for 1 month. MRI revealed a 3.0 cm × 3.6 cm ×3.4 cm lesion located in the fourth ventricle. The tumour was completely resected. Pathological results were consistent with central neurocytoma. The patient could not walk or speak fluently during post-operative period, and no recurrence was found during the seventh month of follow-up.Conclusions: Central neurocytoma in the fourth ventricle is a rare intracranial tumour that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. However, it can be considered when cystic and solid lesions are present in the fourth ventricle, especially when the morphology is like a soap bubble. Surgery is the main treatment for CNC. Adjuvant radiotherapy can be considered for partial or subtotal resection cases, and the prognosis is good. No recurrence of central neurocytoma in the fourth ventricle has been reported thus far.
The Role of Vagus Nerve on Dexmedetomidine Induced Survival and Lung Protection in a Sepsis Model in Rats.
Authors: Li Yumo , Wu Binbin , Hu Cong , Hu Jie , Lian Qingquan , Li Jun , Ma Daqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSepsis often results in acute lung injury (ALI). Sedative dexmedetomidine (Dex) was reported to protect cells and organs due to its direct cellular effects. This study aims to investigate the role of vagus nerves on Dex induced lung protection in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. MethodsThe bilateral cervical vagus nerve of male Sprague-Dawley rats was sectioned or just exposed without section as sham surgery. The ALI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 or 10 mg/kg). After LPS administration, Dex antagonist yohimbine (YOH) (1 mg/kg) and/or Dex (25 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 0, 4, 8 and 12 hours to rats with or without vagotomy. The severity of ALI was determined with survival curve analysis and lung pathological scores of haematoxylin and eosin (H-E) staining sections. The plasma concentrations of interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), catecholamine (CA) and acetylcholine (Ach) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultsThe median survival time of LPS-induced ALI rats was significantly prolonged by Dex (22 hours, 50% CI, [31.25, 90.63]) compared that in the LPS group (14 hours, 50% CI, [18.75, 81.25], P < 0.05), and the acute lung injury score was significantly reduced by Dex (6.5, 50% CI, [5.75, 7.5] vs 11.5, 50% CI, [10.75, 12.50] in the LPS group, P < 0.01). However, these protective effects of Dex were significantly reduced by either YOH administration or vagotomy. Dex significantly decreased LPS-induced plasma IL-1β (pg/ml) (20.75 ± 0.78 vs. 30.22 ± 2.62, P < 0.01), TNF-α (pg/ml) (205.30 ± 9.39 vs. 273.40 ± 14.50, P < 0.01), and CA (pg/ml) (825.70 ± 43.46 vs. 1188.00 ± 64.40, P < 0.01) but increased the secretion of Ach (pg/ml) (507.20 ± 49.52 vs. 296.50 ± 62.44, P < 0.01); these effects of Dex was partially abolished by vagotomy. ConclusionsOur data suggested that Dex increased vagal nerve tone which partially contributed to its anti-inflammatory and lung protective effects. The indirect anti-inflammation and direct cytoprotection of Dex are likely through high vagal nerve tone and α 2 -adrenoceptor activation, respectively.
The Branchless Gene C lbl in Watermelon Encoding a Terminal Flower 1 Protein Regulate S the Number of Lateral Branch
Authors: Dou Junling , Yang Huihui , Sun Dongling , Yang Sen , Sun Shouru , Zhao Shengjie , Lu Xuqiang , Zhu Huayu , Liu Dongming , Ma Changsheng , Yang Luming , Liu Wenge 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lateral branching is one of the most important traits, which directly determines plant 27 architecture and crop productivity. Commercial watermelon has the characteristics of multiple 28 lateral branches, and it is time-consuming and labor costing to manually remove the lateral 29 branches in traditional watermelon cultivation. In our present study, a lateral branchless trait was 30 identified in watermelon material W CZ, and genetic analysis revealed that it was controlled by a 31 single recessive gene, which named as Clbl . A bulked segregant sequencing (BSA seq) and 32 linkage analysis was conducted to primarily mapping of Clbl on watermelon chromosome 4 33 Next-generation sequencing aided marker discovery and a large mapping population consisting of 34 1406 F 2 plants was used to further mapped the Clbl locus into a 9011 bp candidate region which 35 harbored only one candidate gene Cla018392 encoding a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 gene. Sequence 36 comparison of Cla018392 between two parental lines revealed that there was a SNP detected from 37 C to A in the coding region in the branchless inbred line WCZ , which resulted in a mutation of 38 Alanine (GCA) to Glutamate (GAA) at the fourth exon A dCAPS marker was developed from the 39 SNP locus, which was co-segregated with the branchless phenotype in both BC 1 and F 2 population, 40 and it was also further validated in 152 natural watermelon accessions. qRT PCR and in situ 41 hybridization showed that the expression levels of Cla0 18392 was significantly reduced in the 42 axillary bud and apical bud in the branchless line WCZ Ectopic expression of ClTFL1 in 43 Arabidopsis showed an increased number of lateral branches. The results of this study will be 44 useful for better understanding the molecular mechanism of lateral branch development in 45 watermelon and for the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for new branchless 46 watermelon cultivars.