bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market sentiment and heterogeneous agents in an evolutive financial model
Authors: Cavalli F. , Naimzada A. , Pecora N. , Pireddu M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study a financial market populated by heterogeneous agents, whose decisions are driven by “animal spirits”. Each agent may have either correct, optimistic or pessimistic beliefs about the fundamental value, which can change from time to time based on an evolutionary mechanism. The evolutionary selection of beliefs depends on a weighted evaluation of the general market sentiment perceived by the agents and on a profitability measure of the existent strategies. As the relevance given to the sentiment index increases, a herding phenomenon in agent behavior may occur and animal spirits can drive the market toward polarized economic regimes, which coexist and are characterized by persistent high or low levels of optimism and pessimism. This conduct is detectable from agents polarized shares and beliefs, which in turn influence the price level. Such polarized regimes can consist in stable steady states or can be characterized by endogenous dynamics, generating persistent alternating waves of optimism and pessimism, as well as return distributions displaying the typical features of financial time series, such as fat tails, excess volatility and multifractality. Moreover, we show that if the sentiment has no or low relevance on belief selection, those stylized facts are abated or are missing from the simulated time series.
Cetacean occurrence offshore of Washington from long-term passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Rice Ally , Debich Amanda J. , Širović Ana , Oleson Erin M. , Trickey Jennifer S. , Varga Leah M. , Wiggins Sean M. , Hildebrand John A. , Baumann-Pickering Simone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA variety of cetacean species inhabit the productive waters offshore of Washington State, USA. Although the general presence of many of these species has been documented in this region, our understanding of fine-scale habitat use is limited. Here, passive acoustic monitoring was used to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of ten cetacean species at three locations offshore of Washington. Between 2004 and 2013, a total of 2845 days of recordings were collected from sites on the continental shelf and slope, and in a submarine canyon. Acoustic presence was higher for all species at sites farther offshore. Detections were highest during the fall and winter for blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (B. physalus), and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), likely related to reproductive behavior, while minke whales (B. acutorostrata) were only detected on two days. Odontocetes showed temporal separation, with sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) detections highest in spring, Risso’s (Grampus griseus) and Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) highest in summer, and Stejneger’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri), Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris), and the BW37V signal type highest in winter or spring. There was interannual variation in detections for most mysticete species, which may be linked to oceanographic conditions: blue and fin whale detections increased during 2007 and 2008, and fin and humpback whale detections increased in 2011. These results inform our understanding of cetacean behavior and habitat use in this region and may aid in the development of conservation strategies suited to the dynamic conditions that drive cetacean distribution.
Coral larval settlement and post-settlement survival facilitated by crustose coralline algae with or without living tissue
Authors: Lei Xinming , Jiang Lei , Zhang Yuyang , Sun Youfang , Zhou Guowei , Lian Jiansheng , Huang Hui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelection of a permanent attachment site of coral larvae can be a critical determinant of recruitment success affecting the structure of coral communities and underpins the ability of coral reef ecosystems to recover from disturbance. Settlement specificity of a threatened coral in Sanya reefs, Acropora millepora, was tested by measuring the larval metamorphosis preferences and post-settlement survival in response to crustose coralline algae (CCA) species Hydrolithon reinboldii and other substrata. In the no-choice experiments, the larvae of A. millepora had similar rates of total metamorphosis with the presence of CCA regardless of the algae tissue being alive or not, and settlement success induced by CCA was higher than by other substrata (tile or glass). In the paired-choice experiments, when CCA was in presence, the coral larvae preferred the surface of the dish and the side of living CCA. In the absence of CCA, total larvae metamorphosis was lower than in the treatments where CCA was present. New recruits of A. millepora had approximately 68% mean survival on all the settlement substrata after 2 weeks maintained in aquaria with flow-through seawater similar to the coral larval sampling site, but with no coral spat survival in the treatments where CCA was absent. However, there were statistical differences between the larvae survival of dead CCA and glass chips treatment and the others where CCA was present. Our results were consistent with the conclusion that some CCA species could facilitate coral larval settlement and post-settlement survivorship, highlighting the importance of substrata selection success for facilitating coral recruitment in the threatened coral reefs.
Anaerobic hydrolysis of complex substrates in full-scale aerobic granular sludge: enzymatic activity determined in different sludge fractions
Authors: Toja Ortega Sara , Pronk Mario , de Kreuk Merle K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Complex substrates, like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, are major components of domestic wastewater, and yet their degradation in biofilm-based wastewater treatment technologies, such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS), is not well understood. Hydrolysis is considered the rate-limiting step in the bioconversion of complex substrates, and as such, it will impact the utilization of a large wastewater COD (chemical oxygen demand) fraction by the biofilms or granules. To study the hydrolysis of complex substrates within these types of biomass, this paper investigates the anaerobic activity of major hydrolytic enzymes in the different sludge fractions of a full-scale AGS reactor. Chromogenic substrates were used under fully mixed anaerobic conditions to determine lipase, protease, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase activities in large granules (>1 mm in diameter), small granules (0.2–1 mm), flocculent sludge (0.045–0.2 mm), and bulk liquid. Furthermore, composition and hydrolytic activity of influent wastewater samples were determined. Our results showed an overcapacity of the sludge to hydrolyze wastewater soluble and colloidal polymeric substrates. The highest specific hydrolytic activity was associated with the flocculent sludge fraction (1.5–7.5 times that of large and smaller granules), in agreement with its large available surface area. However, the biomass in the full-scale reactor consisted of 84% large granules, making the large granules account for 55–68% of the total hydrolytic activity potential in the reactor. These observations shine a new light on the contribution of large granules to the conversion of polymeric COD and suggest that large granules can hydrolyze a significant amount of this influent fraction. The anaerobic removal of polymeric soluble and colloidal substrates could clarify the stable granule formation that is observed in full-scale installations, even when those are fed with complex wastewaters.

Key points
• Large and small granules contain >70% of the hydrolysis potential in an AGS reactor.
• Flocculent sludge has high hydrolytic activity but constitutes <10% VS in AGS.
• AGS has an overcapacity to hydrolyze complex substrates in domestic wastewater.

Graphical abstract
Common issues in the hetero-epitaxial seeding on SiC substrates in the sublimation growth of AlN crystals
Authors: Sumathi R. Radhakrishnan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAluminium nitride (AlN) is a futuristic material for efficient next-generation high-power electronic and optoelectronic applications. Sublimation growth of AlN single crystals with hetero-epitaxial approach using silicon carbide substrates is one of the two prominent approaches emerged, since the pioneering crystal growth work from 1970s. Many groups working on this hetero-epitaxial seeding have abandoned AlN growth altogether due to lot of persistently encountered problems. In this article, we focus on most of the common problems encountered in this process such as macro- and micro-hole defects, cracks, 3D-nucleation, high dislocation density, and incorporation of unintentional impurity elements due to chemical decomposition of the substrate at very high temperatures. Possible ways to successfully solve some of these issues have been discussed. Other few remaining challenges, namely low-angle grain boundaries and deep UV optical absorption, are also presented in the later part of this work. Particular attention has been devoted in this work on the coloration of the crystals with respect to chemical composition. Wet chemical etching gives etch pit density (EPD) values in the order of 105 cm-2 for yellow-coloured samples, while greenish coloration deteriorates the structural properties with EPD values of at least one order more.
Roles of interdecadal variability of the western North Pacific monsoon trough in shifting tropical cyclone formation
Authors: Feng Xiaofang , Wu Liguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConsistent with the northward migration of the annual mean latitude of tropical cyclone (TC) lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), the basin-wide mean location of TC formation shifted northward in the western North Pacific (WNP) basin over the past four decades. Whether such a shift was related to the anthropogenic influence is important to understanding the response of TC activity to climate change. Instead of detecting the effects of individual environmental factors on this shift, here we focus on the interdecadal variability of the monsoon trough (MT), within which most TCs in the WNP basin occur, and its roles in the shift of the basin-wide mean location of TC formation using 60-year reanalysis data. Interdecadal variations of the MT exhibit two main modes: one associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the other associated with the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). In addition, the north–south shift of the mean latitude of TC formation is accompanied by east–west extension of the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) and the tropical eastern Pacific cold tongue indicated by the east–west contrast of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The poleward shift of the mean TC formation latitude is closely associated with the IPO mode of the MT. The westward retreat of the northwest-to-southeast-oriented MT and the accompanied westward extension of the TUTT reduced TC formation in the eastern part of the WNP basin when the cold tongue shifted westward. It is indicated that the observed poleward shift of TC formation was mainly attributed to natural variability in recent decades.
Regulatory B cells improve ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction by modulating monocyte migration
Authors: Jiao Jiao , He Shujie , Wang Yiqiu , Lu Yuzhi , Gu Muyang , Li Dan , Tang Tingting , Nie Shaofang , Zhang Min , Lv Bingjie , Li Jingyong , Xia Ni , Cheng Xiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOveractivated inflammatory responses contribute to adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a newly discovered subset of B cells with immunomodulatory roles in many immune and inflammation-related diseases. Our study aims to determine whether the expansion of Bregs exerts a beneficial effect on ventricular remodeling and explore the mechanisms involved. Here, we showed that adoptive transfer of Bregs ameliorated ventricular remodeling in a murine MI model, as demonstrated by improved cardiac function, decreased scar size and attenuated interstitial fibrosis without changing the survival rate. Reduced Ly6Chi monocyte infiltration was found in the hearts of the Breg-transferred mice, while the infiltration of Ly6Clo monocytes was not affected. In addition, the replenishment of Bregs had no effect on the myocardial accumulation of T cells or neutrophils. Mechanistically, Bregs reduced the expression of C–C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in monocytes, which inhibited proinflammatory monocyte recruitment to the heart from the peripheral blood and mobilization from the bone marrow. Breg-mediated protection against MI was abrogated by treatment with an interleukin 10 (IL-10) antibody. Finally, IL-10 neutralization reversed the effect of Bregs on monocyte migration and CCR2 expression. The present study suggests a therapeutic value of Bregs in limiting ventricular remodeling after MI through decreasing CCR2-mediated monocyte recruitment and mobilization.
Interpretation der Photoplethysmographie: Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Betz Konstanze , van der Velden Rachel , Gawalko Monika , Hermans Astrid , Pluymaekers Nikki , Hillmann Henrike A. K. , Hendriks Jeroen , Duncker David , Linz Dominik 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf der Technologie der Photoplethysmographie (PPG) lässt sich mit der Kamera eines Smartphones das Vorliegen von Herzrhythmusstörungen und die Herzfrequenz valide erfassen. Diese Technologie wurde im Rahmen des TeleCheck-AF-Projektes benutzt, um die effektive Durchführung von Telekonsultationen bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern zu ermöglichen. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über die PPG-Technologie und eine Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung für die Analyse und Interpretation der PPG-Signale bieten. Damit soll eine Integration und Implementierung dieser vielversprechenden und weit verfügbaren Technik in den klinischen Alltag gebahnt werden.
Targeting cancer stem cells in medulloblastoma by inhibiting AMBRA1 dual function in autophagy and STAT3 signalling
Authors: Nazio Francesca , Po Agnese , Abballe Luana , Ballabio Claudio , Diomedi Camassei Francesca , Bordi Matteo , Camera Antonio , Caruso Simona , Caruana Ignazio , Pezzullo Marco , Ferraina Caterina , Milletti Giacomo , Gianesello Matteo , Reddel Sofia , De Luca Carmen Dolores , Ceglie Donatella , Marinelli Sara , Campello Silvia , Papaleo Elena , Miele Evelina , Cacchione Antonella , Carai Andrea , Vinci Maria , Velardi Enrico , De Angelis Biagio , Tiberi Luca , Quintarelli Concetta , Mastronuzzi Angela , Ferretti Elisabetta , Locatelli Franco , Cecconi Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is a childhood malignant brain tumour comprising four main subgroups characterized by different genetic alterations and rate of mortality. Among MB subgroups, patients with enhanced levels of the c-MYC oncogene (MBGroup3) have the poorest prognosis. Here we identify a previously unrecognized role of the pro-autophagy factor AMBRA1 in regulating MB. We demonstrate that AMBRA1 expression depends on c-MYC levels and correlates with Group 3 patient poor prognosis; also, knockdown of AMBRA1 reduces MB stem potential, growth and migration of MBGroup3 stem cells. At a molecular level, AMBRA1 mediates these effects by suppressing SOCS3, an inhibitor of STAT3 activation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy profoundly affects both stem and invasion potential of MBGroup3 stem cells, and a combined anti-autophagy and anti-STAT3 approach impacts the MBGroup3 outcome. Taken together, our data support the c-MYC/AMBRA1/STAT3 axis as a strong oncogenic signalling pathway with significance for both patient stratification strategies and targeted treatments of MBGroup3.
Id proteins: emerging roles in CNS disease and targets for modifying neural stemcell behavior
Authors: Chu Yu-Hsuan , Lin Jia-di , Nath Suvra , Schachtrup Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are found in the adult brain and spinal cord, and endogenous or transplanted NSPCs contribute to repair processes and regulate immune responses in the CNS. However, the molecular mechanisms of NSPC survival and integration as well as their fate determination and functionality are still poorly understood. Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins are increasingly recognized as key determinants of NSPC fate specification. Id proteins act by antagonizing the DNA-binding activity of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, and the balance of Id and bHLH proteins determines cell fate decisions in numerous cell types and developmental stages. Id proteins are central in responses to environmental changes, as they occur in CNS injury and disease, and cellular responses in adult NSPCs implicate Id proteins as prime candidates for manipulating stemcell behavior. Here, we outline recent advances in understanding Id protein pleiotropic functions in CNS diseases and propose an integrated view of Id proteins and their promise as potential targets in modifying stemcell behavior to ameliorate CNS disease.
Positive energy static solutions for the Chern–Simons–Schrödinger system under a large-distance fall-off requirement on the gauge potentials
Authors: Azzollini Antonio , Pomponio Alessio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we prove the existence of a positive energy static solution for the Chern–Simons–Schrödinger system under a large-distance fall-off requirement on the gauge potentials. We are also interested in existence of ground state solutions.
Sharp conditions for the linearization of finite elasticity
Authors: Mainini Edoardo , Percivale Danilo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider the topic of linearization of finite elasticity for pure traction problems. We characterize the variational limit for the approximating sequence of rescaled nonlinear elastic energies. We show that the limiting minimal value can be strictly lower than the minimal value of the standard linear elastic energy if a strict compatibility condition for external loads does not hold. The results are provided for both the compressible and the incompressible case.
Determination of the spherical part of the couple-stress in a polar fibre-reinforced elastic plate subjected to pure bending
Authors: Soldatos K. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis communication provides initial information and understanding of the manner in which a newly developed theoretical mechanism (Soldatos in Int J Solids Struct 202:217–225, 2020) is applied in specific boundary value problems met in polar linear elasticity of fibrous composites and thus enables the determination of the spherical part of the couple-stress tensor. In this context, it tests the applicability of the implied mechanism/method in the case that a rectangular plate reinforced by a single family of unidirectional fibres is subjected to pure bending. The problem solution is obtained for either non-polar or polar material behaviour, where fibres are considered perfectly flexible or resistant in bending, respectively, and provides clear evidence of the correctness of the principal argument that underpins the proposed method. Namely, that the general rotation field of the plate deformation differs from the fibre rotation field. That newly discovered method enables an extra energy term that emerges in the strain energy function of the fibrous composite plate to relate with the spherical part of the couple-stress tensor outside conventional equilibrium conventions. It thus leads to the determination of the spherical part of the couple-stress and its distribution throughout the plate body in a complete and comprehensive manner.
DEER Spectroscopy of Channelrhodopsin-2 Helix B Movements in Trapped Photocycle Intermediates
Authors: Schumacher Magdalena , Klare Johann P. , Bamann Christian , Steinhoff Heinz-Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe light-gated dimeric cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) has been established as one of the most important optogenetic tools. During its functional cycle, ChR2 undergoes conformational changes, the most prominent ones include a movement of transmembrane helix B. In the present work, we assign this movement to a trapped photocycle intermediate using DEER spectroscopy combined with sample illumination inside the microwave resonator, allowing trapping and relaxation of defined ChR2 intermediates at different temperatures between 180 and 278 K. Intradimer distances measured between spin-labeled positions 79 located in helix B of ChR2 in the dark state and upon light activation and relaxation at 180 K were similar. In contrast, light activation at 180 K and 30 min relaxation at between 230 and 255 K results in significant changes of the distance distribution. We show that the light-induced movement of helix B is correlated with the presence of the P480 state of ChR2. We hypothesize that conformational changes occurring in this area are key elements responsible for desensitizing the channel for cation conduction.
Efficacy of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization for intractable postpartum hemorrhage due to genital tract trauma after vaginal delivery
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Okada Takuya , Yamaguchi Masato , Ahmed Mostafa , Gentsu Tomoyuki , Ueshima Eisuke , Sofue Keitaro , Tanimura Kenji , Yamada Hideto , Sugimoto Koji , Murakami Takamichi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for intractable postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to genital tract trauma (GTT) after vaginal delivery.

Methods
We evaluated 27 patients who underwent TAE for intractable PPH due to GTT after vaginal delivery at our institution between January 2008 and December 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to TAE procedure; TAE performed as close as possible to the bleeding point, at least more peripherally than the second branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, was defined as superselective TAE (S-TAE). TAE performed from the proximal segment of the internal iliac artery was defined as proximal TAE (P-TAE). Patient characteristics, pre-procedural contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT), procedure details, technical/clinical success, and complications were evaluated separately for the S-TAE and P-TAE groups.

Results
The combined technical/clinical success rate was 92%. No major procedure-related complications were seen (mean follow-up: 6.12 ± 3.93 days). The combined technical/clinical success rate of S-TAE was 100% and of P-TAE was 67% (p = 0.04). S-TAE was performed more frequently in patients with pre-procedural CE-CT (p = 0.01) and use of permanent embolic materials (p = 0.003).

Conclusion
S-TAE is safe and effective for intractable PPH due to GTT. Pre-procedural CE-CT may be useful for detecting the culprit artery and be helpful in performing S-TAE.