bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Romanticism in the North American Short Story
Authors: Sánchez Auñón Estefanía 
Published: March 2021

El Romanticismo fue un movimiento extremadamente influyente que surgió a finales del siglo 18 y que tuvo un gran impacto en varias áreas, incluida la literatura. Innumerables escritores han representado en sus obras características esenciales del Romanticismo como la representación de horror y emociones intensas, el uso de entornos naturales exóticos y salvajes, el nacionalismo, el individualismo, la mente humana, y el simbolismo, entre muchas otras. En este artículo, se muestra cómo el Romanticismo influyó, en concreto, la narrativa breve norteamericana analizando cinco obras: “Rip Van Winkle,” de Washington Irving; “The Minister’s Black Veil,” de Nathaniel Hawthorne; “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” de Herman Melville; y “The Minister’s Black Veil” y “The Tell-Tale Heart,” de Edgar Allan Poe. Los resultados que se han obtenido de este análisis han demostrado que estas cinco historias breves se pueden considerar trabajos románticos porque reflejan múltiples características del Romanticismo. De hecho, estos autores retratan las peculiaridades de los dos sub-campos más importantes del Romanticismo Americano conocidos como “Romanticismo Claro” y “Romanticismo Oscuro.”
Romanticism was an extremely influential movement which flourished at the end of the 18th century and which had a huge impact on various areas, including literature. Countless writers have represented in their works key Romantic features such as the depiction of horror and intense emotions, the use of exotic and wild natural settings, nationalism, individualism, the reproduction of the human psyche, and symbolism, among many others. In this paper, it is shown how the Romantic Movement influenced, more specifically, the North American short story by analysing five works: Washington Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle,” Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Minister’s Black Veil,” Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” and Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Masque of the Red Death” and “The Tell-Tale Heart.” The results which have been obtained from this analysis have demonstrated that these five short stories can be considered as Romantic works because they reflect multiple characteristics of the Romantic Movement. In fact, these writers portray the peculiarities of the most important subfields of American Romanticism, which are known as “Light Romanticism” and “Dark Romanticism.”
Paisajes interiores en "Galería de rara antigüedad" de Jaime Siles. La obra “desde dentro”
Authors: Morcillo Françoise 
Published: March 2021

Este escrito ejecuta una revisión de los aspectos poéticos de la obra del escritor valenciano Jaime Siles a partir de su poemario Galería de rara antigüedad, que fue merecedor del XXVIII Premio de poesía Jaime Gil de Biedma en 2018. En el curso del texto, asimismo, se comentará la cuestión relativa a la la práctica del monólogo interior con su concepción autorial de la poesía íntima, en particular, así como de sus imbricaciones en la literatura griega antigua o la tradición europea moderna, en general, de la que Jaime Gil de Biedma fue un epígono esencial en el panorama de la creación literaria española en el siglo XX.
This writing carries out a review of the poetic aspects of the work of the Valencian writer Jaime Siles from his collection of poems Galería de rara antigüedad, which deserved the XXVIII Jaime Gil de Biedma Poetry Prize in 2018. Over the course of this work the discussed issue will also consider the the inner monologues practice in its relation to Sile's authorial conception of intimate poetry, in particular, and its entanglements in Ancient Greek literature or European modernism tradition, in general, of which Jaime Gil de Biedma was an essential epigone in the Spanish literary scene in the 20th Century.
"Volver a un origen desnudo". Refracciones de incompletitud ontológica en la obra pictórica de Ramón Gaya
Authors: Bomholt Marius Christian 
Published: March 2021

Este análisis de los escritos y la obra plástica de Ramón Gaya se divide en dos partes principales. Se comienza con una reflexión sobre la conocida aversión del murciano a la crítica artística, a lo largo de la cual se descubre una estrategia epistemológica dual como elemento central y estructurante de su pensamiento. Tal dualidad deja su impronta también sobre el concepto de arte de Gaya, un arte que, de siempre, se comprometió con la búsqueda de una verdad pictórica más allá de las apariencias, según lo ha constatado –apréciese la ironía– un buen número de sus intérpretes. Inspirado en las aportaciones de ese conjunto de críticos, el presente ensayo propone un nuevo acceso a las creaciones pictóricas de Gaya: entender las mismas como expresión y reflejo de la incompletitud ontológica de lo existente, según la desarrolló el pensador esloveno Slavoj Žižek.
The present analysis of Ramón Gaya’s writings and visual art is divided into two main parts. It begins with a reflection on the famously hostile attitude the Spanish painter displayed toward art criticism, revealing a strategy of epistemological duality as a key structuring element of his thought. This duality has also left its mark on Gaya’s concept of art, an art that was always committed to discovering a pictorial truth beyond mere appearances, as, somewhat ironically, many of his commentators have pointed out. Drawing on these previous explorations as a source of inspiration, the present essay proposes a new access to Gaya’s works: understanding them, in accordance with Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek’s theories, as a reflection and an expression of the fundamental ontological incompleteness of existence itself.
Luis Cernuda y Ramón Gaya: miradas especulares
Authors: Candeloro Antonio 
Published: March 2021

Tras el análisis de Retrato de poeta, poema que Luis Cernuda le dedica a Ramón Gaya en 1950, se llevará a cabo una reflexión sobre las relaciones siempre complejas y productivas entre literatura y pintura a partir de la técnica de la écfrasis. Seguidamente, intentaremos leer los retratos que Gaya le dedica a Cernuda para ver cómo se desarrollan y se entretejen las miradas especulares entre el pintor y el poeta.
After the analysis of Retrato de poeta, a poem that Luis Cernuda dedicated to Ramón Gaya in 1950, a reflection will be carried out on the always complex and productive relationships between literature and painting based on the technique of ekphrasis. Then we will try to read the portraits that Gaya dedicates to Cernuda to see how the specular gazes develop and interweave between the painter and the poet.
La fraternità tra Gaya e Zambrano: autenticità nella creazione
Authors: Laurenzi Elena 
Published: March 2021

La amistad entre María Zambrano y Ramón Gaya, que tiene sus raíces en el compromiso político de los años de la República y la Guerra Civil, maduró y se consolidó en los años del exilio romano en el terreno de la creación. En este ensayo me propongo analizar las concordancias existentes en sus respectivas concepciones de la actividad creativa. Para iluminar estas coincidencias, me refiero a la categoría de autenticidad de Ortega, mostrando cómo Gaya y Zambrano la traducen en los términos de la creación, pero también cómo profundizan y radicalizan su interpretación a través de las lecturas de Friedrich Nietzsche y Simone Weil.
The friendship between María Zambrano and Ramón Gaya has its roots in the political commitment of the years of the Republic and the Civil War, but matured and consolidated in the years of their exile in Rome, on the terrain of creation. In this essay I propose to analyze the concordances existing in their respective conceptions of creative activity. To illuminate these coincidences, I refer to the Orteghean category of authenticity, showing how Gaya and Zambrano translate it into in terms of creation, but also how they deepen and radicalize its interpretation through the readings of Friedrich Nietzsche and Simone Weil.
Ramón Gaya: "Creo que soy poeta pintando"
Authors: Pittarello Elide 
Published: March 2021

Simónides de Ceos, que definió la poesía una pintura que habla y la pintura una poesía muda, contribuyó al origen de la filosofía del arte, base de la moderna estética occidental. Para el filósofo italiano Benedetto Croce el arte es la síntesis estética de la intuición y la expresión a través del lenguaje lírico. Encarna las representaciones de la belleza, un evento universal, ajeno a la Historia y a la crítica de arte. De manera más radical, Ramón Gaya rechazó este mismo saber de una manera más radical desde que era un jovencísimo pintor, decepcionado por las vanguardias. Su planteamiento de la obra de arte se aproxima a una actitud mística. Emerge cuando se enfrenta a la pintura de Velázquez en España, antes de exiliarse en México. Este sentimiento trascendente se agudiza cuando visita Venecia por primera vez, en 1952, y asocia la pintura con el agua que fluye. Es el primer paso de su identificación sagrada de las artes –pintura, poesía, escultura y música– con la Naturaleza y sus elementos cosmológicos. La experiencia veneciana posibilita una nueva creatividad icónica y verbal. La pintura conlleva siempre una enigmática dualidad, manteniendo rasgos de su procedencia misteriosa. Los poemas que Ramón Gaya le dedica al Crepúsculo de Miguel Ángel son una muestra de su intermedialidad heterodoxa, donde a la técnica de lo diáfano en pintura corresponde el uso de la negación lógica por escrito. Esta estrategia lingüística es afín a la de los ensayos que tratan del mismo tema.
Simonides of Ceos, who defined poetry as a speaking picture and painting a mute poetry, contributed to the rise of philosophy of art, the basis of modern Western aesthetics. For the Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce art is the aesthetic synthesis of intuition and expression through lyrical language. It embodies the representations of beauty, a universal event that doesn’t concern History nor art criticism. In a more radical way, Ramón Gaya refused this same knowledge since he was a very young painter, disappointed by avant-garde. His approach to works of art is close to a mystic attitude. It emerges when he faces Velázquez’s painting in Spain, before going into exile in Mexico. His transcendental feeling increases when he visits Venice for the first time, in 1952, and he associates painting with water flow. It is the first step of a sacred identification of arts –painting, poetry, sculpture and music– with nature and its cosmological elements. The Venetian experience gives birth to a new iconic and verbal creativity. Painting always involves an enigmatic duality, keeping features of its mysterious source. The poems that Ramón Gaya dedicated to Michelangelo's Dusk are a specimen of his unconventional intertermediality, where the diaphanous technique in painting corresponds to the use of logical negation in the verbal language. This linguistic strategy is in line with the essays dealing on the same topic.
"Porque tiene hambre canina, que nunca se harta". Narraciones de la muerte en Cervantes.
Authors: Perugini Carla 
Published: March 2021

A pesar de ser destino común para todos los hombres, las modalidades del morir son infinitas. Las fórmulas estereotipadas de los testamentos, incluidos los de los familiares de Cervantes, ponen de manifiesto una actitud cristianamente resignada de los moribundos, sin aspavientos ni temores. La manera de morir de Alonso Quijano, ya no Don Quijote, es buena prueba de ello. Pero los personajes cervantinos no mueren todos de buena gana: hay quien cae bajo la mano de otro, quien se quita la vida por su propia voluntad, quien pone en escena una muerte de ficción, quien muere heroicamente en la batalla o para salvar vidas ajenas. A veces es la consecuencia mortal de una metáfora: morir de amor, de dolor, de vergüenza… Este trabajo intentará dar cuenta de todo eso.
Nonostante sia destino comune a tutti gli uomini, le modalità del morire sono infinite. Le formule stereotipate dei testamenti, compresi quelli dei parenti di Cervantes, mettono in evidenza un atteggiamento cristianamente rassegnato dei moribondi, senza manifestazioni di paura scomposte. La maniera di morire di Alonso Quijano, non più Don Quijote, ne è buona prova. Ma non tutti i personaggi cervantini muoiono di buon grado: c’è chi cade per mano altrui, chi si toglie la vita di sua volontà, chi mette in scena una morte teatrale, chi muore eroicamente in battaglia o per salvare altre vite. A volte è la conseguenza mortale di una metafora: morir d’amore, di dolore, di vergogna… Di tutto questo cercherà di dar conto questo lavoro.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Ficus carica Plant Extract
Authors: Shafique Firza , Naureen Uzma , Zikrea Annam , Ali Qurban , Sadiq Rumana , Naseer Mehwish , Rafique Tanzila , Akhter Sohail 
Published: March 2021

The development of antibiotic resistant bacteria causes many harmful effects on human and animal lives. In developing countries many expensive synthetic drugs are being used to cure diseases but they have many side effects. Therefore, there is need to develop new strategies to control microbial infections. Therefore, we decided to work on extracts of different parts of Ficus carica which have good activity against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and fungal species. Methanol and chloroform extracts of root, stem, leaves and fruits were prepared and zone of inhibition was measured by using well diffusion method against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) two gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and two fungal species Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. methanol extract of leaves has high % yield (5.86%) and high zone of inhibition (23mm) against bacteria Escherichia coli and fungus Aspergillus niger (34mm). Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was highly sensitive to chloroform extract with zone of inhibition 74mm while Escherichia coli was highly sensitive to metabolic extract with zone of inhibition 82mm. Chloroform extract has average zone of inhibition (56mm) and methanolic extract has average zone of inhibition (63mm).
Evaluation of low dose prazosin for PTSD-associated nightmares in children and adolescents
Authors: Hudson Nancy , Burghart Steven , Reynoldson Jill , Grauer Dennis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionKnowledge about fundamental sleep disorders and dysregulation that occurs in children with PTSD is limited. Prazosin is an alpha-1 receptor antagonist often used off label for the treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares in adults; however, evaluation of its use in pediatrics and adolescents is limited. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of prazosin on nightmares associated with PTSD in this population. Secondary objectives included assessing side effects, changes in blood pressure, and 30-day readmission rates.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single-center chart review of inpatients diagnosed with PTSD nightmares from January 1, 2017, to July 31, 2019. Patients 4 to 18 years old with a PTSD diagnosis, experiencing nightmares, and initiating any dose of prazosin were assessed to determine efficacy and tolerance.ResultsForty-two patients were evaluated to determine symptom improvement after initiation of prazosin for PTSD nightmares in children and adolescents. Of the 42 patients, 24 (57.1%) reported improvement in nightmares (average dose 1.05 mg). For secondary results, 38 (90.5%) patients continued prazosin at discharge, and 2 (5%) were readmitted within 30 days for reasons other than PTSD-associated nightmares. Thirty-four (81%) reported having no adverse effects to prazosin. There was no significant difference in systolic (P = .1883) or diastolic (P = .2777) blood pressure preinitiation and postinitiation of prazosin.DiscussionDespite the limitations of this retrospective study, the data suggests that prazosin may be associated with an improvement in nightmares in children and adolescents with PTSD. Adverse events were rarely reported, and there was no significant change in blood pressure with initiation of prazosin.
Cytokines in neurodegeneration and repair
Authors: Rothwell N.J. , Strijbos P.J.L.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCytokines have diverse actions in the brain, some of which may facilitate either neurodegeneration or neuroprotection. The expression of cytokines, particularly interleukins‐1 and ‐6 (IL‐1, IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor α, is rapidly and markedly induced in response to experimentally induced or clinical neurodegeneration. We have demonstrated that central administration of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) markedly inhibits neurodegeneration induced by focal cerebral ischaemia, local infusion of glutamate receptor agonists or traumatic brain injury in the rat. In contrast, IL‐1ra offers no protection against degeneration of primary cortical neurones in culture caused by exposure to agonists of ionotrophic or metabotrophic receptors. In vivo, administration of IL‐1β exacerbates ischaemic brain damage, whereas in cell culture, exogenous IL‐1 is neuroprotective at concentrations in the nM range, an effect which appears to be mediated by release of endogenous nerve growth factor. Higher concentrations of IL‐1 (μM range) are neurotoxic to neurones in culture and may mimic the involvement of IL‐1 in neurodegeneration in vivo. Thus, excessive production of cytokines such as IL‐1 appears to mediate experimentally induced neurodegeneration in vivo, while neuroprotective effects of low concentrations of the cytokine suggest a dual role for IL‐1 in neuronal survival.
Pharmacological interventions in dysthymia
Authors: Lecrubier Y 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe results of early therapeutic trials (1960s and 70s) in mild chronic depression (neurotic patients) are difficult to extrapolate to dysthymia. Most studies conducted in the early 1980s showed reference drugs (TCAs and MAOIs) to be poorly effective in chronic mild depression usually defined with RDC. The most recent trials using DSM-III-R criteria for dysthymic recruitment showed TCAs, new MAOIs (RIMA) and SSRI to be effective. AU these compounds have a rather similar pharmacological mechanism of action. It is therefore of both practical and theoretical interest that amisulpride, a benzamide derivative blocking D2 and D3 pre-synaptic receptors, has been found effective in the treatment of dysthymia in different placebo and reference controlled trials. This result is in line with the pharmacological data on animal ‘anhedonic models’.
Rapid repair of titanium particle‐induced osteolysis is dramatically reduced in aged mice
Authors: Kaar Scott G. , Ragab Ashraf A. , Kaye Sarah J. , Kilic B. Alper , Jinno Tetsuya , Goldberg Victor M. , Bi Yanming , Stewart Matthew C. , Carter John R. , Greenfield Edward M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAseptic loosening is the most common cause of orthopaedic implant failure. This process is thought to be due to osteolysis induced by implant‐derived wear particles. Teitelbaum and colleagues have recently developed a promising murine calvarial model of wear particle‐induced osteolysis. However, prior to this study, this model had only been assessed qualitatively. We now report a reproducible, quantitative version of the calvarial model of wear particle‐induced osteolysis, in which the extent of osteolysis (and repair) of entire parietal bones is assessed by histomorphometry of contact microradiographs. Using this model, we found that the osteolytic response is transient and rapidly repaired in one month old mice. The extent of osteolysis peaks 7 days after particle implantation and returns to baseline levels by 13 days. A similar amount of osteolysis and even more extensive repair is observed when particles are implanted repeatedly. In contrast, aged mice develop progressive osteolysis with no detectable repair. As a result, 26 month old mice have approximately 17‐fold more osteolysis than one month old mice 21 days after particle implantation. Skeletally mature, adult mice (4–16 months old) show an intermediate pattern of response. Osteolysis in these mice peaks at 7 days after particle implantation but it is repaired more slowly than in the one month old mice. Taken together, these results underscore the role of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation in the development of aseptic loosening and suggest that agents that stimulate bone formation maybe useful in prevention or treatment of aseptic loosening. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The material properties of the bovine acetabular labrum
Authors: Ferguson S. J. , Bryant J. T. , Ito K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe compressive and tensile material properties of the bovine acetabular labrum were measured. Confined compression testing was used to determine the aggregate compressive modulus and the permeability of the labrum. The compressive modulus of the labrum (0.157 ± 0.057 MPa) is comparable to that of the morphologically similar meniscus, and approximately one‐quarter to one‐half that of the adjoining acetabular cartilage. The permeability of the labrum (4.98 ± 3.43 × 10−16 m4/N s) was lower than that of the meniscus and cartilage, with a significantly higher resistance to interstitial fluid flow across the acetabular rim than along the rim. Specimens from the posterior and superior regions of the labrum were tested to failure in uniaxial tension. The maximum stress at failure (11.9 ± 6.1 MPa), maximum strain at failure (26.5 ± 7.6%) and tangent modulus (74.7 ± 44.3 MPa) were similar to those reported for the bovine meniscus, and to other tissues composed of highly oriented collagen fiber bundles. In tension, the labrum is much stiffer (10–15 × ) than the adjoining articular cartilage, and the posterior region of the labrum is significantly stiffer (45%) than the superior region. The labrum's low permeability may contribute to sealing of the hip joint. The high circumferential tensile stiffness of the labrum, together with its ring structure, reinforce the acetabular rim and may contribute to joint stability. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Twenty‐five years of corporate governance research … and counting
Authors: Denis Diane K 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the field of corporate governance in the US from the perspective of financial economists is reviewed. It begins with a discussion of the fundamental agency problem from which that field emanates, which is the separation between the owners (the shareholders) and the controllers (the managers) of the modern public corporation. Relying primarily on survey papers, the current evidence on the various mechanisms that have been proposed as potential solutions to this agency problem is then reviewed. The contributions made by the other three papers that comprise this Special Issue on Corporate Governance are also highlighted. Finally, suggestions—my own and those of others—regarding the direction of future corporate governance research are offered.