bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Famous, Beloved, Reviled, Respected, Feared, Celebrated:” Media Construction of Greta Thunberg
Authors: Ryalls Emily D , Mazzarella Sharon R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the 16 months before TIME magazine naming Greta Thunberg its Person of the Year, as her influence grew, so too did the news media’s attempts to make sense of her. This project analyzes profiles of Greta Thunberg to understand how journalists constructed the persona that has become “Greta.” We argue the paradoxical framing of Thunberg as exceptional and fierce and childlike contributes to an alternative construction of girlhood grounded in the positive portrayal of her Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis. While featuring ASD as her “superpower” is potentially progressive, we argue foregrounding Thunberg’s whiteness and age cements her construction as the iconic voice of the climate crisis movement, potentially downplaying the need for collective action to end climate change.
Six-Month Psychophysical Evaluation of Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Menegaldo Anna , Fabbris Cristoforo , Spinato Giacomo , Borsetto Daniele , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Calvanese Leonardo , Pettorelli Andrea , Sonego Massimo , Frezza Daniele , Bertolin Andy , Cestaro Walter , Rigoli Roberto , D’Alessandro Andrea , Tirelli Giancarlo , Da Mosto Maria Cristina , Menini Anna , Polesel Jerry , Hopkins Claire 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study prospectively assessed the 6-month prevalence of self-reported and psychophysically measured olfactory dysfunction in subjects with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Self-reported smell or taste impairment was prospectively evaluated by SNOT-22 at diagnosis, 4-week, 8-week, and 6-month. At 6 months from the diagnosis, psychophysical evaluation of olfactory function was also performed using the 34-item culturally adapted University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (CA-UPSIT). 145 completed both the 6-month subjective and psychophysical olfactory evaluation. According to CA-UPSIT, 87 subjects (60.0%) exhibited some smell dysfunction, with 10 patients being anosmic (6.9%) and seven being severely microsmic (4.8%). At the time CA-UPSIT was administered, a weak correlation was observed between the self-reported alteration of the sense of smell or taste and olfactory test scores (Spearman’s r = −0.26). Among 112 patients who self-reported normal sense of smell at last follow-up, CA-UPSIT revealed normal smell in 46 (41.1%), mild microsmia in 46 (41.1%), moderate microsmia in 11 (9.8%), severe microsmia in 3 (2.3%), and anosmia in 6 (5.4%) patients; however, of those patients self-reporting normal smell but who were found to have hypofunction on testing, 62 out of 66 had a self-reported reduction in sense of smell or taste at an earlier time point. Despite most patients report a subjectively normal sense of smell, we observed a high percentage of persistent smell dysfunction at 6 months from the diagnosis of syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with 11.7% of patients being anosmic or severely microsmic. These data highlight a significant long-term rate of smell alteration in patients with previous SARS-COV-2 infection.
Persistence With Biologic Therapy and Associated Costs of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A German Retrospective Claims Data Analysis
Authors: Mahlich Joerg , May Melanie , Feig Chiara , Straub Vincent , Schmelz Renate 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
In recent years, biologic agents became a relevant and promising treatment option for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, high treatment costs and moderate remission rates lead to a high interest in treatment persistence and corresponding economic consequences.

Methods
A retrospective health claims data analysis was conducted including biologic naive patients diagnosed with IBD between 2013 and 2018. Observation points were at 12 and 18 months of follow-up, starting from the first biologic prescription. Nonpersistence was defined as either no further prescription or prescription of another biologic agent within the days of supply per original prescription. Biologic agents included were Adalimumab, Golimumab, Infliximab, Ustekinumab, and Vedolizumab.

Results
In total, 1444 patients with IBD were included in this analysis, mostly treated with Adalimumab (46.9%) and Infliximab (39.9%) as their first biologic treatment. After 12 months, 72.2% of patients were still persistent with their initial biologic treatment with the highest shares for Infliximab (74%) and Vedolizumab (72.4%). 27.8% of patients were nonpersistent, mostly due to a switch of biologic agent (75.8%). Cox regression identified female, hospitalizations, and simultaneous prescriptions of corticosteroids and immunomodulators as risk factors for nonpersistence. Treatment costs per year were approximately 3000€ higher for nonpersistent patients (27,146€) than for persistent patients (23,839€), mostly due to inpatient treatment costs.

Conclusions
The persistence of biologic therapy in this study was rather high at 72% after 12 months, while nonpersistence was mostly due to switches to other biologic agents. Lack of persistence is associated with increased cost, mostly due to nonbiologic medication and inpatient treatment.
Left ventricular remodelling in masters athletes
Authors: Papatheodorou E , Merghani A , Bakalakos A , Hughes R , Torlasco C , Downs E , D"silva A , Finocchiaro G , Malhotra A , Tome M , Moon JC , Al Fakih K , Papadakis M , Sharma S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): I have received a research fellowship grant from the UK based charity Cardiac Risk in the Young

Objectives
We investigated the effect of long-term exercise and sex on left ventricular (LV) geometry in a large group of female and male masters athletes.

Background
Studies assessing LV geometry in masters athletes are scarce.

Methods
Different types of LV geometry were identified according to echocardiography-derived relative wall thickness (RWT) and left ventricular mass (LVM) values as per international guidelines. 4 groups were formed: normal (normal LVM/normal RWT), concentric hypertrophy (increased LVM/increased RWT), eccentric hypertrophy (increased LVM/normal RWT), and concentric remodeling (normal LVM/increased RWT).

Results
A total of 277 healthy, elite, caucasian endurance masters athletes (65% female; mean age54.8 ± 7.7 years) were assessed. The athletes were exercising for a mean 32 ± 11.7 years and have completed a median 70 competitions including a median 13 marathon-type competitions. Females exhibited lower absolute LVM (127.7 ± 30.31g vs 196.57 ± 45.0g, p &lt; 0.001), indexed LVM (76.8 ± 18.0 g/m2 vs. 103.6 ± 22.7 g/m2; p &lt; 0.001), RWT (0.36 ± 0.07 vs. 0.42 ± 0.08; p &lt; 0.001) and absolute LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (46.3 ± 4.1 mm vs 50.1 ± 5.11 mm, p &lt; 0.001) but greater indexed LVEDD (27.7 ± 2.7mm/m2 vs 26.5 ± 2.7 mm/m2, p &lt; 0.001) compared with male athletes. Most female athletes showed normal LV geometry (72% vs 38% in male athletes, P &lt; 0.001) and significantly less concentric remodeling (12% vs 35%, p &lt; 0.001) and concentric hypertrophy (5% vs 13%, p = 0.01) (table & figure).

Conclusions
A sex-specific response to chronic exercise is observed. Male masters athletes exhibit significantly more frequently abnormal LV geometry with concentric LV remodeling and/or concentric hypertrophy.
Cohort characteristics Male masters athletes N = 97 Female masters athletes N = 180 P value Age (years) 55.0 ± 9.0 54.7 ± 6.9 0.68 Years of exercise 32.0 ± 12.8 33.3 ± 11.1 0.14 LV Mass (g) 127.7 ± 30.31 196.57 ± 45.0 &lt;0.001 LV Mass Indexed (g/m2) 76.8 ± 18.0 103.6 ± 22.7 &lt;0.001 LVEDD (mm) 46.3 ± 4.1 50.1 ± 5.11 &lt;0.001 LVEDD Indexed (mm/m2) 27.7 ± 2.7 26.5 ± 2.7 &lt;0.001 Normal Remodeling 36 (37) 130 (72) &lt;0.001 Eccentric Hypertrophy 14 (14) 18 (10) 0.27 Concentric Remodeling 34 (35) 23 (13) &lt;0.001 Concentric Hypertrophy 13 (13) 9 (5) 0.01 LV Left Ventricular, LVEDD: Left Ventricular End Diastolic Dimension Abstract Figure. Patterns of left ventricular remodeling
The evaluation of myocardial performance index in patients with COVID-19: An echocardiographic follow-up study
Authors: Kaya H , Asoglu R , Afsin A , Tibilli H , Kurt E , Kafadar S , Gulacti U , Kafadar H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
The epidemic of pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus rapidly spread all over the world. World Health Organization called the condition as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has become a life-threatening public health emergency internationally. COVID-19 mostly presents by respiratory tract symptoms including fever, dry cough, and dyspnea. The disease progression causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pathophisyology of cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 have not been well known yet. Myocardial dysfunction may occur in cytokine-originated immune reactions. Myocardial performance index (MPI) is a feasible parameter that reflects systolic and diastolic cardiac functions.

Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the MPI in patients with COVID-19.

Methods
The study consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who had mild pneumonia and had not needed intensive care treatment. Transthoracic echocardiographic examination was performed in all patients at the acute stage of infection and after clinical recovery. The average time interval between the baseline and recovery echocardiography exam was about 28 ± 3,4 days. Blood samples were studied on day 0 and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Immunofluorescence assay was used for COVID-19 antibody titers. Respiratory secretions were sent for RT-PCR tests.

Results
The mean age was 54 ± 11 years ( male 26 (65% ) ). Statistically significant higher MPI (0.56 ± 0.09 versus 0.44 ± 0.07, p &lt; 0.001), longer isovolumic relaxation time (112.3 ± 13.4 versus 91.8 ± 12.1ms, p &lt; 0.001), longer deceleration time (182.1 ± 30.6 versus 161.5 ± 43.5ms, p = 0.003), shorter ejection time (279.6 ± 20.3 versus 298.8 ± 36.8ms, p &lt; 0.001) and higher E/A ratio (1.53 ± 0.7 versus 1.22 ± 0.4, p &lt; 0.001), were observed during acute period of infection compared to ones after clinical recovery. Compared with basal values, no significant change in left ventricular systolic ejection fraction was observed after clinical recovery (60.3± 3.2% versus 61.7 ± 2.4%, p &gt; 0.05). Isovolumic contraction time was similar at acute infection and after clinical recovery ( 44.3 ± 7.8 versus 40.6 ± 9.7ms, p &gt; 0.05)

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study suggests global reversible LV dysfunction in COVID-19 patients with preserved LV systolic function based on tissue Doppler derived MPI. This could be due to isolated subclinical diastolic dysfunction. To our knowledge, this study is the first echocardiographic follow-up study that evaluated the systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle in COVID -19 patients. The underlying mechanism and its clinical significance can be established by further studies.
Temporal changes of left atrial function after orthotopic heart transplantation using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a single-center prospective study
Authors: Dohy Z , Szabo L , Czimbalmos C , Szakal-Toth Z , Parazs N , Tarjanyi Z , Kiraly A , Suhai FI , Teszak T , Sax B , Merkely B , Vago H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): ÚNKP-19-3-I New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology; National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (NKFIA; NVKP_16-1-2016-0017 National Heart Program)

Background
The geometry and function of the left atrium (LA) change after orthotopic heart transplantation (HTX) with bicaval technique, as the LA has a recipient part around the pulmonary veins and a donor part, and these often contract separately. Because of this altered LA function, the recognition of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction can be challenging. The standard echocardiographic diastolic parameters are often in abnormal range in HTX patients despite of normal left ventricular diastolic function.

Purpose
The aim of our prospective study was to investigate the LA volumes and function and their temporal changes after HTX using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).

Method
To better understand the cardiac characteristics of HTX patients, we started a prospective trial in January 2018. CMR was performed at one, three and six months after HTX. Left atrial contour detection was performed in 2- and 4-chamber views. Patients who had ≥Grade II allograft rejection before the CMR examination, were excluded (n = 6). In the remaining HTX patients (n = 37, 52 ± 12y, 29 male) and in a control group (n = 20, 49 ± 5y, 15 male) LA ejection fraction (EF), BSA-corrected maximum and minimum LA volume (Vi), stroke volume (SVi) were evaluated using bi-plane mode. LA global longitudinal strain (GLS) was defined with CMR based deformation imaging, called feature tracking.

Results
HTX patients had significantly higher LA volumes (maxLAVi 65 ± 22 vs. 46 ± 7 ml/m2, minLAVi 47 ± 21 vs. 18 ± 6 ml/m2) lower LASVi (19 ± 5 vs. 29 ± 4 ml/m2), LAEF (31 ± 10 vs. 62 ± 8%) and LA-GLS (10 ± 4 vs. 39 ± 11%) compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.0001). Analysing the temporal changes in HTX patients, we found an increase in the LA-GLS already at three months (10 ± 4 vs. 12 ± 3%, p &lt; 0.05). The LAEF improved significantly at six months (29 ± 10 vs. 33 ± 10%, p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
After HTX the LA volumes and function differ markedly from the normal population. The LA funcional parameters showed a moderate improvement after HTX. Better understanding the changes of left atrial function after HTX could help us to recognise pathological conditions.
Abstract Figure. Strain analysis of the left atrium
Fully automated artificial intelligence-based myocardial scar quantification for diagnostic and prognostic stratification in patients following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lange T , Stiermaier T , Backhaus SJ , Boom P , Kowallick JT , Lotz J , Kutty S , Bigalke B , Gutberlet M , De Waha-Thiele S , Desch S , Hasenfuss G , Thiele H , Eitel I , Schuster A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background Myocardial infarct size (IS) remains one of the strongest predictors of adverse cardiac events following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can precisely quantify the extent of injury but requires manual post-processing. Whether novel user-independent artificial intelligence (AI) based fully-automated analyses may facilitate clinical workflow and deliver similar information for risk stratification is unknown.
Methods 913 AMI patients from two multi-center trials (AIDA-STEMI n = 704 with ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and TATORT-NSTEMI n = 245 with non-ST-elevation-infarction [NSTEMI]) were included in this sub-study. IS was quantified manually using conventional software (Medis, Leiden Netherlands) and fully automated AI-based software (NeoSoft). All automatically detected IS were evaluated visually and corrected if necessary. Analyzed data were tested for agreement and prediction of major adverse clinical events (MACE) within one year after AMI.
Results Automated and manual IS were similarly associated with outcome in cox regression analyses (HR 1.05 [95% CI 1-02-1.07] p &lt; 0.001 for automated IS and HR 1.04 [95% CI 1.02-1.06]; p &lt; 0.001 for manual IS). Comparison of C-statistics derived area under the curve (AUC) resulted in equivalent MACE prediction (AUC 0.65 for automated vs. AUC 0.66 for manual, p = 0.53). Manual correction of the automated scar detection did not lead to an improved risk prediction of MACE (AUC 0.65 to 0.66, p = 0.43). There was good agreement of automated and manually derived IS (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.75 [0.07-0.89]) which was further improved after manual correction of the underlying contours (ICC 0.98 [0.97-0.98]).
Conclusion AI-based software enables automated scar quantification with similar prognostic value compared to conventional methods in patients following AMI.
Long-term risk of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - a cardiac magnetic resonance outcome study
Authors: Seitz A , Greulich S , Herter D , Guenther F , Probst S , Bekeredjian R , Gawaz M , Sechtem U , Mahrholdt H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Robert Bosch Stiftung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Background
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an appalling complication of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). There is an ongoing discussion about the optimal SCD risk stratification strategy in HCM since established SCD risk models have suboptimal discriminative power.

Objective
To evaluate the prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for SCD risk stratification compared to the ESC SCD risk score and traditional SCD risk factors in an &gt;10-year follow-up study.

Methods
220 consecutive patients with HCM and LGE-CMR were enrolled. Follow-up data was available in 203 patients (median age 58 years, 61% male) after a median follow-up period of 10.4 years.

Results
LGE was present in 70% of patients with a median LGE amount of 1.6%, the median ESC 5-year SCD risk score was 1.84. In the overall cohort, SCD rates were 2.3% at 5 years, 4.8% at 10 years, and 15.7% at 15 years, independent from established risk models. A LGE amount of &gt;5% (LV mass) portends the highest risk for SCD with SCD prevalences of 5.5% at 5 years, 13.0% at 10 years and 33.3% at 15 years. Conversely, patients with no or ≤5% LGE amount (of LV mass) have favorable prognosis.

Conclusions
LGE-CMR in HCM patients allows effective 10-year SCD risk stratification beyond established risk factors. LGE amount might be added to established risk models to improve its discriminatory power. Specifically, patients with &gt;5% amount of LGE should be carefully monitored and might be adequate candidates for primary prevention ICD during the clinical long-term course.
Abstract Figure.
Prediction error aggregation behaviour for remote sensing augmented forest inventory approaches
Authors: Kotivuori Eetu , Maltamo Matti , Korhonen Lauri , Strunk Jacob L , Packalen Petteri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study we investigated the behaviour of aggregate prediction errors in a forest inventory augmented with multispectral Airborne Laser Scanning and airborne imagery. We compared an Area-Based Approach (ABA), Edge-tree corrected ABA (EABA) and Individual Tree Detection (ITD). The study used 109 large 30 × 30 m sample plots, which were divided into four 15 × 15 m subplots. Four different levels of aggregation were examined: all four subplots (quartet), two diagonal subplots (diagonal), two edge-adjacent subplots (adjacent) and subplots without aggregation. We noted that the errors at aggregated levels depend on the selected predictor variables, and therefore, this effect was studied by repeating the variable selection 200 times. At the subplot level, EABA provided the lowest mean of root mean square error ($\overline{\mathrm{RMSE}}$) values of 200 repetitions for total stem volume (EABA 21.1 percent, ABA 23.5 percent, ITD 26.2 percent). EABA also fared the best for diagonal and adjacent aggregation ($\overline{\mathrm{RMSE}}$: 17.6 percent, 17.4 percent), followed by ABA ($\overline{\mathrm{RMSE}}$: 19.3 percent, 18.2 percent) and ITD ($\overline{\mathrm{RMSE}}$: 21.8, 21.9 percent). Adjacent subplot errors of ABA were less correlated than errors of diagonal subplots, which resulted also in clearly lower RMSEs for adjacent subplots. This appears to result from edge tree effects, where omission and commission errors cancel for trees leaning from one subplot into the other. The best aggregate performance was achieved at the quartet level, as expected from fundamental properties of variance. ABA and EABA had similar RMSEs at the quartet level ($\overline{\mathrm{RMSE}}$ 15.5 and 15.3 percent), with poorer ITD performance ($\overline{\mathrm{RMSE}}$ 19.4 percent).
Network analysis of earthquake ground motion spatial correlation: a case study with the San Jacinto seismic nodal array
Authors: Sheng Yixiao , Kong Qingkai , Beroza Gregory C 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYThe spatial correlation of earthquake ground motion intensity can be measured from strong motion data; however, the data used in past studies is sparsely sampled in space, and only the interstation distance was considered as a correlation variable. These limitations mean that we have only weak constraints on the true correlation structure of ground motion and that potentially important aspects of spatial correlation are unconstrained. In this study, we combine a large-N seismic array and graph analytics to explore this issue at a local scale using small local and regional earthquakes. Our result suggests site conditions, and how they interact with the incident seismic wavefield, strongly condition the spatial correlation of ground motion. Future progress in characterizing ground motion spatial variability will require dense wavefield measurements, either through nodal deployments, or perhaps distributed acoustic sensing measurements, of seismic wavefields. Aftershock sequences of major earthquakes would provide particularly data-rich targets of opportunity.
Characterization of drilling-related noise and curvelet-based evaluation of seismic-interferometric reflections for imaging of iron-bearing formations in Pilbara, Western Australia
Authors: Chamarczuk M , Malinowski M , Draganov D , Grant A , Asgharzadeh M , Urosevic M 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
Here we analyse ambient noise (AN) data generated during drilling of exploration boreholes and recorded using a dense array deployed over one of the numerous shallow iron-ore mineralization targets in the Pilbara region (Western Australia). Drilling and drilling-related operations were reoccurring in a sequence as described by the drillers’ field notes, which created the rare opportunity to analyse AN data in time segments when only one type of technical process was predominantly active. Consequently, most of the recorded AN sources did not overlap in time and space. We extract the recordings in 15-min-long segments matching the time-span of single field-note entry and identify individually acting AN sources associated with specific field operations. The temporal variations of noise spectrograms and AN cross-correlations show dependency on the sequence of a few consecutive field operations and specific frequency–amplitude patterns associated with single field operations. These changes are directly reflected by the events visible in the retrieved virtual-source gathers (VSG), implying significant changes in noise temporal and spatial stationarity. Some VSGs represent the mixed contributions of surface and air waves. To remove the contributions of these arrivals to the reflection imaging, we visually inspect all data and select only field operations acting as stationary-phase sources specifically for the reflection retrieval. This was done for different receiver configurations inside PilbArray, and as a result, we obtain a collection of VSGs containing coherent body-wave reflections. Database of visually inspected VSGs is used to develop and benchmark a semi-automatic curvelet-based method for accurate parametrization of the reflection events retrieved from passive data and to compare the imaging quality of the different field operations. Common-midpoint stacks from manually and automatically selected VSGs show reflectivity consistent with the one obtained from the active-source data and related to the structure hosting shallow iron mineralization. Our results demonstrate the capacity of AN seismic interferometry to retrieve body-wave reflections and image shallow mineralization. They also provide an intermediate step toward automating the passive reflection imaging with similar data sets.