bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nociceptor subtypes are born continuously over DRG development peaking at E10.5—E11.5
Authors: Landy Mark A. , Goyal Megan , Lai Helen C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSensory neurogenesis in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) occurs in two waves of differentiation with larger, myelinated proprioceptive and low-threshold mechanoreceptor (LTMR) neurons differentiating before smaller, unmyelinated (C) nociceptive neurons. This temporal difference was established from early birthdating studies based on DRG soma cell size. However, distinctions in birthdates between molecular subtypes of sensory neurons, particularly nociceptors, is unknown. Here, we assess the birthdate of lumbar DRG neurons in mice using a thymidine analog, EdU, to label developing neurons exiting mitosis combined with co-labeling of known sensory neuron markers. We find that different nociceptor subtypes are born on similar timescales, with continuous births between E9.5 to E13.5, and peak births from E10.5 to E11.5. Notably, we find that thinly myelinated Aδ-fiber nociceptors and peptidergic C-fibers are born more broadly between E10.5 and E11.5 than previously thought and that non-peptidergic C-fibers and C-LTMRs are born with a peak birth date of E11.5. Moreover, we find that the percentages of nociceptor subtypes born at a particular timepoint are the same for any given nociceptor cell type marker, indicating that intrinsic or extrinsic influences on cell type diversity are occurring similarly across developmental time. Overall, the patterns of birth still fit within the classical “two wave” description, as touch and proprioceptive fibers are born primarily at E10.5, but suggest that nociceptors have a slightly broader wave of birthdates with different nociceptor subtypes continually differentiating throughout sensory neurogenesis irrespective of myelination.
A mutation in the promoter of the pmrD gene of Shigella flexneri abrogates functional PhoPQ-PmrD-PmrAB signaling and polymyxin B resistance
Authors: Huynh Raymond , McPhee Joseph B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShigella spp. are the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, a major cause of food-borne morbidity and mortality worldwide. These organisms are recently evolved, polyphyletic pathovar of E. coli, and since their divergence they have undergone multiple cases of gene gain and gene loss and understanding how gene inactivation events alter bacterial behaviour represents an important objective to be better able to understand how virulence and other phenotypes are affected. Here, we identify a frameshift mutation in the pmrD gene of S. flexneri that although it would be predicted to make a functional, full-length protein, no such production occurs, likely due to the non-optimal spacing between the translational initiation site and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. We show that this loss severs the normal connection between the PhoPQ two-component regulatory system and the PmrAB two-component regulatory system, abrogating low Mg2+ mediated cationic antimicrobial peptide and polymyxin B resistance, while maintaining normal PmrAB-mediated polymyxin B resistance. In contrast, S. sonnei maintains a functional PmrD protein and canonical signaling through this regulatory network. This species specific gene loss suggests that S. flexneri and S. sonnei have evolved different regulatory responses to changing environmental conditions.
Individual repeatability, species differences, and the influence of socio-ecological factors on neophobia in 10 corvid species
Authors: Miller Rachael , Lambert Megan L. , Frohnwieser Anna , Brecht Katharina F. , Bugnyar Thomas , Crampton Isabelle , Garcia-Pelegrin Elias , Gould Kristy , Greggor Alison L. , Izawa Ei-Ichi , Kelly Debbie M. , Li Zhongqiu , Luo Yunchao , Luong Linh B. , Massen Jorg J.M. , Nieder Andreas , Reber Stephan A. , Schiestl Martina , Seguchi Akiko , Sepehri Parisa , Stevens Jeffrey R. , Taylor Alexander H. , Wang Lin , Wolff London M. , Zhang Yigui , Clayton Nicola S. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBehavioural responses to novelty, including fear and subsequent avoidance of novel stimuli, behaviours referred to as neophobia, determine how animals interact with their environment. Neophobia aids in navigating risk and impacts on adaptability and survival. There is variation within and between individuals and species, however, lack of large-scale, comparative studies critically limits investigation of the socio-ecological drivers of neophobia. In this study, we tested responses to novel objects and food (alongside familiar food) versus a baseline (familiar food alone) in 10 corvid species (241 subjects) across 10 labs worldwide. There were species differences in the latency to touch familiar food in the novel object and food conditions relative to the baseline. Three of seven socio-ecological factors influenced object neophobia: 1) use of urban habitat (vs not), 2) territorial pair vs family group sociality and 3) large vs small flock size (whereas range, caching, hunting live animals, and genus did not); while only flock size influenced food neophobia. We found that, overall, individuals were temporally and contextually repeatable (i.e. consistent) in their novelty responses in all conditions, indicating neophobia is a stable behavioural trait. With this study, we have established a network of corvid researchers, demonstrating potential for further collaboration to explore the evolution of cognition in corvids and other bird species. These novel findings enable us, for the first time in corvids, to identify the socio-ecological correlates of neophobia and grant insight into specific elements that drive higher neophobic responses in this avian family group.
Parental origin of Gsα inactivation differentially affects bone remodeling in a mouse model of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy
Authors: McMullan Patrick , Maye Peter , Yang Qingfen , Rowe David W. , Germain-Lee Emily L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlbright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is caused by heterozygous inactivation of GNAS, a complex locus that encodes the alpha-stimulatory subunit of GPCRs (Gsα) in addition to NESP55 and XLαs due to alternative first exons. AHO skeletal manifestations include brachydactyly, brachymetacarpia, compromised adult stature, and subcutaneous ossifications. AHO patients with maternally-inherited GNAS mutations develop pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) with resistance to multiple hormones that mediate their actions through GPCRs requiring Gsα (eg., PTH, TSH, GHRH, calcitonin) and severe obesity. Paternally-inherited GNAS mutations cause pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), in which patients have AHO skeletal features but do not develop hormonal resistance or marked obesity. These differences between PHP1A and PPHP are caused by tissue-specific reduction of paternal Gsα expression. Previous reports in mice have shown loss of Gsα causes osteopenia due to impaired osteoblast number and function and suggest AHO patients could display evidence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD). However, we previously demonstrated PHP1A patients display normal-increased BMD measurements without any correlation to body mass index or serum PTH. Due to these observed differences between PHP1A and PPHP, we utilized our laboratory’s AHO mouse model to address whether Gsα heterozygous inactivation by the targeted disruption of exon 1 of Gnas differentially affects bone remodeling based on the parental inheritance of the mutation. Mice with paternally-inherited (GnasE1+/−p) and maternally-inherited (GnasE1+/−m) mutations displayed reductions in osteoblasts along the bone surface compared to wildtype. GnasE1+/−p mice displayed reduced cortical and trabecular bone parameters due to impaired bone formation and excessive bone resorption. GnasE1+/−m mice however displayed enhanced bone parameters due to increased osteoblast activity and normal bone resorption. These distinctions in bone remodeling between GnasE1+/−p and GnasE1+/−m mice appear to be secondary to changes in the bone microenvironment driven by calcitonin-resistance within GnasE1+/−m osteoclasts and therefore warrant further studies into understanding how Gsα influences osteoblast-osteoclast coupling interactions.
To bin or not to bin: analyzing single-cell growth data
Authors: Kar Prathitha , Tiruvadi-Krishnan Sriram , Männik Jaana , Männik Jaan , Amir Ariel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCollection of high-throughput data has become prevalent in biology. Large datasets allow the use of statistical constructs such as binning and linear regression to quantify relationships between variables and hypothesize underlying biological mechanisms based on it. We discuss several such examples in relation to single-cell data and cellular growth. In particular, we show instances where what appears to be ordinary use of these statistical methods leads to incorrect conclusions such as growth being non-exponential as opposed to exponential and vice versa. We propose that the data analysis and its interpretation should be done in the context of a generative model, if possible. In this way, the statistical methods can be validated either analytically or against synthetic data generated via the use of the model, leading to a consistent method for inferring biological mechanisms from data. On applying the validated methods of data analysis to infer cellular growth on our experimental data, we find the growth of length inE. colito be non-exponential. Our analysis shows that in the later stages of the cell cycle the growth rate is faster than exponential.
Disordered climate threatens short-distance migrants
Authors: Yang Haile , Yu Luxian , Qi Hongfang , Fu Shengyun , Wang Yang , Yang Jianxin , Du Hao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlobal climate change has led to a warmer world, changing the migratory and breeding behaviors of many species, and short-distance migrants may benefit from climate change. With climate change leading to an increasingly disordered climate, we show here that a disordered spring climate disturbs the migration and breeding of a short-distance anadromous fish. In 2020, on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, an abnormally low temperature in April delayed the migration rhythm of Gymnocypris przewalskii by nearly 10 days, while the gonadal development rhythm of the breeding population was almost normal. The phenology mismatch decreased the migrating populations by 30–70%, reducing the larval flux by nearly 80%. This case reveals that for short-distance migrants, different phenologies within the same species respond to disordered climates differently, which leads to phenology mismatches and then threatens the species. Along with increasing local extreme weather and climate events, short-distance migrants need more attention and conservation actions.
Quantification of within-patientStaphylococcus aureusphenotypic heterogeneity as a proxy for presence of persisters across clinical presentations
Authors: Bär Julian , Boumasmoud Mathilde , Shambat Srikanth Mairpady , Vulin Clément , Huemer Markus , Schweizer Tiziano A. , Gómez-Mejia Alejandro , Eberhard Nadia , Achermann Yvonne , Zingg Patrick O. , Mestres Carlos–A. , Brugger Silvio D. , Schüpbach Reto A. , Kouyos Roger D. , Hasse Barbara , Zinkernagel Annelies S. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundDifficult-to-treat infections caused by antibiotic susceptible strains have been linked with the occurrence of persisters. Persisters are a subpopulation of dormant bacteria that tolerate antibiotic exposure despite lacking genetic resistance. They can be identified phenotypically upon plating on nutrient agar because of their altered growth dynamics, resulting in colony size heterogeneity. The occurrence of within-patient bacterial phenotypic heterogeneity in various infections and clinical determinants of persister formation remain unknown.MethodsWe plated bacteria derived from 132 patient-samples of difficult-to-treat infections directly on nutrient-rich agar and monitored colony growth by time-lapse imaging. Of these, we retained 36Staphylococcus aureusmono-cultures for further analysis. We investigated clinical factors potentially associated with increased colony growth-delay with regression analyses. Additionally, we corroborated the clinical findings usingin vitrogrown static biofilms, exposed to distinct antibiotics.ResultsThe extent of phenotypic heterogeneity of patient-derivedS. aureusvaried substantially between patients. Increased heterogeneity coincided with increased median growth-delay. Multivariable regression showed that rifampicin treatment was significantly associated with increased median growth-delay.S. aureusgrown in biofilms and exposed to high concentrations of rifampicin or a combination of rifampicin with either clindamycin or levofloxacin exhibited prolonged growth-delay, correlating with a strain-dependent increase in antibiotic tolerance.ConclusionsUpon direct cultivation on nutrient-rich agar,S. aureusfrom difficult-to-treat infections commonly exhibited colony size heterogeneity. This was due to heterogeneous delays in growth resumption, with delays larger than two days in the most extreme cases. Since bacteria in a dormant state are tolerant to antibiotics, the observation of large growth-delays might have direct clinical implications. Future studies are needed to assess the potential of bacterial phenotypic heterogeneity quantification for staphylococcal infections prognosis.
2/1 and 1/1 cubic approximants in the ternary R-Cd-Mg (R = Y, Er) systems
Authors: Yamada Tsunetomo , Fujita Nobuhisa , Labib Farid 
Published: July 2021

The atomic structures of three cubic approximants (cAPs), Y12.7Cd61.8Mg25.5 [2/1 cAP with space group Pa
3, a = 25.0654 (1) Å] and Er12.5Cd72.0Mg15.5 [2/1 cAP with Pa
3, a = 24.9658 (1) Å], and Y14.5Cd66.1Mg19.4 [1/1 cAP with Im
3, a = 15.4577 (1) Å], were investigated using X-ray structure analysis. The two 2/1 cAPs were found to be isostructural to the binary 2/1 cAP, YbCd5.8, which is composed of two building units, namely Tsai-type rhombic triacontahedron (RTH) cluster and double-Friauf polyhedron (DFP). The 1/1 cAP, in contrast, was found to be isostructural to the binary 1/1 cAP, YbCd6, which is composed solely of the RTH cluster. The refined structure models of the three cAPs exhibit substitutional disorders due to the Mg content that enters into Cd sites of the parent binary cAPs. In addition, in the 2/1 cAPs, the Y3(Er3) site on the third icosahedron shell of the RTH cluster and two positions inside DFP, Y5(Er5) sites, are partially mixed with Mg. Moreover, characteristic positional disorders owing to orientational disorder in the first shell of the RTH cluster is observed in all the three cAPs. A close relationship between the occupational disorder of the Y3(Er3) and Y5(Er5) sites in 2/1 cAPs and the elemental distribution in their first coordination shells is revealed.
Omnichannel retailing: a bibliometric and network visualization analysis
Authors: Mahadevan Kala , Joshi Sujata 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the extant research literature on omnichannel retailing and map the research trends in this field through a bibliometric analysis and network visualization exercise.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs bibliometric analysis techniques on research literature retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases over the period 2013–2020 and assesses indicators such as research production and citation trends, top contributing authors, countries, journals and organizations through tools offered by the Scopus/Web of Science databases as well as Biblioshiny. A network visualization analysis of patterns such as keyword co-occurrences and co-authorship linkages between contributing countries has been investigated through the use of VOSviewer.FindingsThe bibliometric analysis indicates that research in this field is currently dominated by USA and China with Germany and UK also being key contributors. The analysis has indicated that the field of omnichannel retailing straddles multiple domains such as logistics, distribution, operations and consumer behavior, thereby offering significant future scope for research linking omnichannel retailing with these subject areas.Originality/valueThis study maps the structure of research done in the field of omnichannel retailing and outlines the key contributors in terms of authors, journals and organizations that can serve as an input for future research. The study also identifies possible avenues for future research in the knowledge domain of omnichannel retailing.
Institutional motivations for hiring international academics in Poland
Authors: Luczaj Kamil , Kurek-Ochmanska Olga 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to uncover the basic motivations of the administrators (referred to also as “managers”) to hire foreign-born employees in the academic system, which is relatively ethnically homogenous and where the proficiency in Polish is still a strong asset. By doing this, the authors make an attempt to theorise the value of internationalisation of higher education in the academic peripheries.Design/methodology/approachThis study reports the finding of 20 qualitative interviews with the deans and other senior academic officials serving managerial functions at Polish public and private universities.FindingsThe four basic motivations expressed directly by the mangers were (1) the crave for cultural diversity, (2) willingness to “Westernize” the academe, (3) a need for academic achievement and (4) staff shortages. In the discussion, the authors show, however, that the discursive order of these institutional motivations to hire international faculty is incompatible with motivations of international faculty to seek employment in Poland and statistical data regarding their concentration in different academic centres.Originality/valueThe paper tackles crucial issues regarding staffing (including recruitment and retention) and diversity hiring in a country with an “emigration culture”, similar to other East European states, namely a place from which highly skilled workers emigrate. A relocation to Poland is a rather unusual reverse migration, or “stepping down”, to a periphery to use it as a possible stepping stone for career progression.
Digital innovation in wealth management landscape: the moderating role of robo advisors in behavioural biases and investment decision-making
Authors: Bhatia Ankita , Chandani Arti , Divekar Rajiv , Mehta Mita , Vijay Neeraja 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Innovation is the way of life and we see various innovative techniques and methods being introduced in our daily life. This study aims to focus on digital innovation in the wealth management domain. This study examines the effect of usage of robo-advisory services in investment decision-making and behavioural biases, i.e. overconfidence and loss aversion. Such studies are more pronounced in developed countries and little has been studied about investor behaviour in association with advisory services in developing countries such as India.

Design/methodology/approach
Overconfidence and loss-aversion biases, investment decision-making and advisory services questions are measured using a five-point Likert scale. The number of respondents was 172 investors. A purposive sampling is used for gathering responses from investors. Structural equation modeling model was run using AMOS 22 version software package.

Findings
The authors found that behavioural biases positively and significantly influence the irrationalities of investment decision-making. The findings of this study also provide empirical evidence that the usage of robo-advisory services, by individual investors, is still incapable of mitigating behavioural biases, such as overconfidence bias and loss-aversion bias.

Research limitations/implications
The sample size of this study could be a limiting factor. This study is limited only to two biases, while other behavioural biases affect the investment decision-making of the investors, which can be considered for future research along with the impact of robo-advisory services in different socio-cultural backgrounds.

Practical implications
This study will assist fintech start-ups, banks, architecture of robo advisors, product owners and wealth management service providers improvise their products, platforms and offerings of these automated advisory services. This could help individual investors to mitigate their behavioural biases in investment decision-making.

Social implications
This study is useful to society as the awareness of robo-advisory services is very less, at present, and there is a need to increase the usage of these services to extend the benefit of this to the lower stratum of society. These services would be useful to all investors who find it difficult to afford financial advisors and help them mitigate their behavioural biases for investment decision-making.

Originality/value
This study is the first of its type that establishes the linkage between behavioural biases, digital innovation in fintech, i.e. robo-advisory services and individual investor’s investment decision-making in individual investor of the Indian stock market.
A new imputation-based incomplete data-driven fuzzy modeling for accuracy improvement in ubiquitous computing applications
Authors: Goel Sonia , Tushir Meena 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
In real-world decision-making, high accuracy data analysis is essential in a ubiquitous environment. However, we encounter missing data while collecting user-related data information because of various privacy concerns on account of a user. This paper aims to deal with incomplete data for fuzzy model identification, a new method of parameter estimation of a Takagi–Sugeno model in the presence of missing features.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, authors proposed a three-fold approach for fuzzy model identification in which imputation-based linear interpolation technique is used to estimate missing features of the data, and then fuzzy c-means clustering is used for determining optimal number of rules and for the determination of parameters of membership functions of the fuzzy model. Finally, the optimization of the all antecedent and consequent parameters along with the width of the antecedent (Gaussian) membership function is done by gradient descent algorithm based on the minimization of root mean square error.

Findings
The proposed method is tested on two well-known simulation examples as well as on a real data set, and the performance is compared with some traditional methods. The result analysis and statistical analysis show that the proposed model has achieved a considerable improvement in accuracy in the presence of varying degree of data incompleteness.

Originality/value
The proposed method works well for fuzzy model identification method, a new method of parameter estimation of a Takagi–Sugeno model in the presence of missing features with varying degree of missing data as compared to some well-known methods.