bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of smoking in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: three random population‐based studies
Authors: Talley Nicholas J. , Powell Nicholas , Walker Marjorie M. , Jones Mike P. , Ronkainen Jukka , Forsberg Anna , Kjellström Lars , Hellström Per M. , Aro Pertti , Wallner Bengt , Agréus Lars , Andreasson Anna 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundIt is uncertain if functional dyspepsia (FD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are linked to smoking, and smoking cessation is not part of the routine advice provided to these patients.AimTo assess if smoking is an independent risk factor for FD and IBS.MethodsThree population‐based endoscopy studies in Sweden with 2560 community individuals in total (mean age 51.5 years, 46% male). IBS (14.9%), FD (33.5%), and associated symptoms were assessed using the validated abdominal symptom questionnaire, and smoking (17.9%) was obtained from standardised questions during a clinic visit. The effect of smoking on symptom status was analysed in an individual person data meta‐analysis using mixed effect logistic regression, adjusted for snuffing, age and sex.ResultsIndividuals smoking cigarettes reported significantly higher odds of postprandial distress syndrome (FD‐PDS) (OR 10‐19 cig/day = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04‐1.98 P = 0.027, OR ≥20 cig/day = 2.16, 95% CI 1.38‐3.38, P = 0.001) but not epigastric pain. Individuals smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day reported significantly higher odds of IBS‐diarrhoea (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.12‐5.16, P = 0.025), diarrhoea (OR = 2.01, 95%CI 1.28‐3.16, P = 0.003), urgency (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.41‐3.47, P = 0.001) and flatus (OR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.14‐2.76, P = 0.012) than non‐smokers. Smoking was not associated with IBS‐constipation or IBS‐mixed.ConclusionSmoking is an important environmental risk factor for postprandial distress syndrome, the most common FD subgroup, with over a twofold increased odds of PDS in heavy smokers. The role of smoking in IBS‐diarrhoea, but not constipation, is also likely important.
Psychological functioning and well‐being before and after bariatric surgery; what is the benefit of being self‐compassionate?
Authors: Pyykkö Johanna Eveliina , Aydin Ömrüm , Gerdes Victor E. A. , Acherman Yaïr I. Z. , Groen Albert K. , van de Laar Arnold W. , Nieuwdorp Max , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariët 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether patients’ psychological well‐being (depression, quality of life, body image satisfaction) and functioning (self‐efficacy for eating and exercising behaviours and food cravings) improve 12 months after bariatric surgery and whether self‐compassion is associated with better psychological outcomes and lower weight after bariatric surgery.DesignLongitudinal, prospective observational study.MethodsBariatric patients (n = 126, 77.8% female, 46.4 ± 10.8 years) completed the Self‐compassion Scale, Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale, Impact of Weight on Quality‐of‐Life questionnaire, Body Image Scale, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Spinal Cord Injury Exercise Self‐Efficacy Scale, and G‐Food Craving Questionnaire pre‐operatively and 12 months post‐operatively. A medical professional measured patients’ weight during each assessment. Data were analysed using repeated measures t‐tests and multivariate regression analyses with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple testing.ResultsPatients’ BMI, depression, and food cravings decreased significantly after surgery while quality of life, body image satisfaction, and self‐efficacy to exercise improved. Higher self‐compassion was associated with lower post‐operative depression, greater quality of life, higher body image satisfaction, and better self‐efficacy for eating behaviours (p‐values <.05) but not with post‐operative BMI, self‐efficacy to exercise, or food cravings.ConclusionsEven though pre‐operative self‐compassion was not directly associated with a lower 12‐month post‐operative BMI, it had a positive relationship with patients’ post‐operative well‐being and self‐efficacy for controlling eating behaviour. In turn, this could help patients to manage their health long after bariatric surgery. Further work regarding the role of self‐compassion on long‐term health outcomes would be worthwhile.
Treatment of climate change in extinction risk assessments and recovery plans for threatened species
Authors: Naujokaitis‐Lewis Ilona , Endicott Sarah , Guezen Jessica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ongoing threat of climate change poses an increasing risk to biodiversity, especially for currently threatened species. Climate change can both directly impact species and interact with other pre‐existing threats, such as habitat loss, to further amplify species' risk of extinction. Recognizing the threat of climate change in extinction risk assessments and recovery planning for imperilled species is essential for tailoring and prioritizing recovery actions for climate‐threatened species. Using species legally listed in Canada we show that 44.1% of species' risk assessments identify the threat of climate change, nonetheless, 43.5% of assessments completely omit climate change. Species assessed more recently were more likely to be identified as climate‐threatened, however, the strength of this relationship varied across taxonomic groups. The likelihood that climate change was identified as a threat was also strongly affected by the use of a standardized threat assessment process. Of the climate‐threatened species, less than half (46.0%) of species' recovery plans specified actions aimed explicitly at minimizing climate impacts and only 3.8% of recovery plans recommended habitat or population management actions. Climate‐targeted recovery actions were more likely to be included in more recent plans, and were marginally more likely for species where climate change was considered a major threat. Our findings highlight the urgent need for consistent and standardized assessments of the threat of climate change, including the consideration of potential synergies between climate change and other existing threats. Performing species‐specific climate change vulnerability assessments may serve to complement existing assessment and recovery planning processes. We provide additional recommendations aimed at threatened species recovery planners for improving the integration of the threat of climate change into species extinction risk assessments and recovery planning processes for listed species.
3D cell culture models: Drug pharmacokinetics, safety assessment, and regulatory consideration
Authors: Wang Hongbing , Brown Paul C. , Chow Edwin C.Y. , Ewart Lorna , Ferguson Stephen S. , Fitzpatrick Suzanne , Freedman Benjamin S. , Guo Grace L. , Hedrich William , Heyward Scott , Hickman James , Isoherranen Nina , Li Albert P. , Liu Qi , Mumenthaler Shannon M. , Polli James , Proctor William R. , Ribeiro Alexandre , Wang Jian‐Ying , Wange Ronald L. , Huang Shiew‐Mei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonclinical testing has served as a foundation for evaluating potential risks and effectiveness of investigational new drugs in humans. However, the current two‐dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture systems cannot accurately depict and simulate the rich environment and complex processes observed in vivo, whereas animal studies present significant drawbacks with inherited species‐specific differences and low throughput for increased demands. To improve the nonclinical prediction of drug safety and efficacy, researchers continue to develop novel models to evaluate and promote the use of improved cell‐ and organ‐based assays for more accurate representation of human susceptibility to drug response. Among others, the three‐dimensional (3D) cell culture models present physiologically relevant cellular microenvironment and offer great promise for assessing drug disposition and pharmacokinetics (PKs) that influence drug safety and efficacy from an early stage of drug development. Currently, there are numerous different types of 3D culture systems, from simple spheroids to more complicated organoids and organs‐on‐chips, and from single‐cell type static 3D models to cell co‐culture 3D models equipped with microfluidic flow control as well as hybrid 3D systems that combine 2D culture with biomedical microelectromechanical systems. This article reviews the current application and challenges of 3D culture systems in drug PKs, safety, and efficacy assessment, and provides a focused discussion and regulatory perspectives on the liver‐, intestine‐, kidney‐, and neuron‐based 3D cellular models.
Practical publication metrics for academics
Authors: Myers Bethany A. , Kahn Katherine L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch organizations are becoming more reliant on quantitative approaches to determine how to recruit and promote researchers, allocate funding, and evaluate the impact of prior allocations. Many of these quantitative metrics are based on research publications. Publication metrics are not only important for individual careers, but also affect the progress of science as a whole via their role in the funding award process. Understanding the origin and intended use of popular publication metrics can inform an evaluative strategy that balances the usefulness of publication metrics with the limitations of what they can convey about the productivity and quality of an author, a publication, or a journal. This paper serves as a brief introduction to citation networks like Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Microsoft Academic, and Dimensions. It also explains two of the most popular publication metrics: the h‐index and the journal impact factor. The purpose of this paper is to provide practical information on using citation networks to generate publication metrics, and to discuss ideas for contextualizing and juxtaposing metrics, in order to help researchers in translational science and other disciplines document their impact in as favorable a light as may be justified.
White matter microstructure in trauma‐exposed children: Associations with pubertal stage
Authors: Fani Negar , Stenson Anais F. , van Rooij Sanne J. H. , La Barrie Dominique L. , Jovanovic Tanja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPuberty represents a critical period in maturation during which major changes in neural architecture emerge; these changes are shaped, in part, by environmental experiences, including exposure to psychological trauma. However, little is known about how trauma exposure affects white matter microstructure across pubertal stages. This was the goal of the present cross‐sectional study. Forty‐one male and female African‐American children between ages 8–13 were recruited as part of a study of developmental trauma and received assessments of trauma exposure, including violence, and pubertal development as well as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Significant interactions of pubertal stage and violent trauma exposure were observed in association with a marker of white matter integrity (mean diffusivity, MD) in the corpus callosum, cingulum bundle and uncinate fasciculus. Greater violent trauma exposure was associated with lower MD in the hippocampal cingulum and uncinate fasciculus in girls, but not boys. These data from a sample of trauma‐exposed children may reflect a pattern of accelerated maturation in pathways that are critical for emotion regulation as well as attention and memory processes. It appears that fronto‐limbic and callosal connections are particularly sensitive to the effects of violent trauma, revealing a potential pathway through which trauma creates vulnerability for later psychiatric and neurological disorders.
The effectiveness of a 3D virtual tooth identification test as an assessment tool for a dental anatomy course
Authors: Suh Esther , Karl Elisabeta , Ramaswamy Vidya , Kim‐Berman Hera 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere has been a recent demand in dental education for distance learning and the use of virtual assessment tools that can leverage technology to potentially replace physical testing facilities. However, virtual tools that evaluate student learning should be validated prior to adoption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction of a 3D tooth identification test for a dental anatomy course that can be given remotely.Materials and MethodsFirst‐year dental students (n = 41) enrolled in a dental anatomy course took both traditional in‐person practical and virtual 3D tooth identification tests consisting of 25 test items. The test scores, average test durations, faculty time commitment and user perception were collected and analysed. Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficients (p < .05) were determined for the criterion measures including real tooth identification test scores, comprehensive written examination and overall grade for the course.ResultsThe average number of correct answers for the real and 3D virtual tooth identification examination was 21.3 ± 2.65 and 20.7 ± 2.56, respectively. The average test duration for the real and 3D virtual tooth identification test was 25:00 and 21:16 min, respectively. There was a positive correlation (p < .05) of the 3D virtual tooth identification test with the real tooth identification test (0.368), comprehensive written examination (0.334) and the overall course grade (0.646). The total faculty time commitment for the real and 3D virtual tooth identification test was 96 and 65 min, respectively. The students cited difficulty in manipulating the 3D models.ConclusionThis study presents evidence that the 3D virtual tooth identification test can be used to assess dental students’ understanding of dental anatomy effectively and efficiently.
Impaired fixation suppression of horizontal vestibular nystagmus during smooth pursuit: pathophysiology and clinical implications
Authors: Korda Athanasia , Zee David S. , Wyss Thomas , Zamaro Ewa , Caversaccio Marco D. , Wagner Franca , Kalla Roger , Mantokoudis Georgios 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeA peripheral spontaneous nystagmus (SN) is typically enhanced or revealed by removing fixation. Conversely, failure of fixation suppression of SN is usually a sign of a central disorder. Based on Luebke and Robinson (Vision Res 1988, vol. 28 (8), pp. 941–946), who suggested that the normal fixation mechanism is disengaged during pursuit, it is hypothesized that vertical tracking in the light would bring out or enhance a horizontal SN.MethodsEighteen patients with acute vestibular neuritis were studied. Eye movements were recorded using video‐oculography at straight‐ahead gaze with and without visual fixation, and during smooth pursuit. The slow‐phase velocity and the fixation suppression indices of nystagmus (relative to SN in darkness) were compared in each condition.ResultsDuring vertical tracking, the slow‐phase velocity of horizontal SN with eyes near straight‐ahead gaze was significantly higher (median 2.7°/s) than under static visual fixation (median 1.2°/s). Likewise, the fixation index was significantly higher (worse suppression) during pursuit (median 48%) than during fixation (median 26%). A release of SN was also suggested during horizontal pursuit, if one assumes superposition of SN on a normal and symmetrical pursuit capability.
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod
Authors: Hočevar Sara , Hutchings Jeffrey A. , Kuparinen Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStochastic environments shape life‐history traits and can promote selection for risk‐spreading strategies, such as bet‐hedging. Although the strategy has often been hypothesized to exist for various species, empirical tests providing firm evidence have been rare, mainly due to the challenge in tracking fitness across generations. Here, we take a ‘proof of principle’ approach to explore whether the reproductive strategy of multiple‐batch spawning constitutes a bet‐hedging. We used Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) as the study species and parameterized an eco‐evolutionary model, using empirical data on size‐related reproductive and survival traits. To evaluate the fitness benefits of multiple‐batch spawning (within a single breeding period), the mechanistic model separately simulated multiple‐batch and single‐batch spawning populations under temporally varying environments. We followed the arithmetic and geometric mean fitness associated with both strategies and quantified the mean changes in fitness under several environmental stochasticity levels. We found that, by spreading the environmental risk among batches, multiple‐batch spawning increases fitness under fluctuating environmental conditions. The multiple‐batch spawning trait is, thus, advantageous and acts as a bet‐hedging strategy when the environment is exceptionally unpredictable. Our research identifies an analytically flexible, stochastic, life‐history modelling approach to explore the fitness consequences of a risk‐spreading strategy and elucidates the importance of evolutionary applications to life‐history diversity.
PRILE 2021 guidelines for reporting laboratory studies in Endodontology: explanation and elaboration
Authors: Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Murray Peter E. , Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , Peters Ove A. , Rôças Isabela N. , Siqueira José F. , Priya Ekta , Jayaraman Jayakumar , Pulikkotil Shaju. J. , Suresh Nandini , Dummer Paul M. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGuidance to authors is needed to prevent their waste of talent, time and resources in writing manuscripts that will never be published in the highest‐quality journals. Laboratory studies are probably the most common type of endodontic research projects because they make up the majority of manuscripts submitted for publication. Unfortunately, most of these manuscripts fail the peer‐review process, primarily due to critical flaws in the reporting of the methods and results. Here, in order to guide authors, the Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) team developed new reporting guidelines for laboratory‐based studies: the Preferred Reporting Items for Laboratory studies in Endodontology (PRILE) 2021 guidelines. The PRILE 2021 guidelines were developed exclusively for the area of Endodontology by integrating and adapting the modified CONSORT checklist of items for reporting in vitro studies of dental materials and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. The process of developing the PRILE 2021 guidelines followed the recommendations of the Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. The aim of the current document is to provide authors with an explanation for each of the items in the PRILE 2021 checklist and flowchart with examples from the literature, and to provide advice from peer‐reviewers and editors about how to solve each problem in manuscripts prior to their peer‐review. The Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) website (http://pride‐endodonticguidelines.org/prile/) provides a link to the PRILE 2021 explanation and elaboration document as well as to the checklist and flowchart.
A self‐management programme for work ability and quality of life in nurses aged 45 years and over: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Das Gecim Gozde Yildiz , Esin Melek Nihal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNurses are exposed to declining work ability and quality of life because of biological and environmental factors.AimThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a self‐management programme based on an attitude–social influence–self‐efficacy model on work ability and quality of life for nurses aged 45 years and over.MethodsA parallel group trial design was used. Nurses who fitted the eligibility criteria of being aged 45 years and over were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. Data were collected between October 2017 and June 2018 at the hospital. The participants were blinded to group allocation. The primary outcome in the study was the impact of age on work ability.ResultsEach group consisted of 30 nurses. There were no dropouts, so all subjects were analysed. Compared with the baseline, the intervention group's work ability was higher. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of changes in Work Ability Index scores at the third month compared the baseline.ConclusionThe self‐management programme was effective in increasing the nurses' work ability and healthy lifestyle behaviours affecting their quality of life.
ADHD and autism symptoms in youth: a network analysis
Authors: Farhat Luis C. , Brentani Helena , de Toledo Victor Hugo Calegari , Shephard Elizabeth , Mattos Paulo , Baron‐Cohen Simon , Thapar Anita , Casella Erasmo , Polanczyk Guilherme V. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPrevious research investigating the overlap between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) symptoms in population samples have relied on latent variable modeling in which averaged scores representing dimensions were derived from observed symptoms. There are no studies evaluating how ADHD and autism symptoms interact at the level of individual symptom items.MethodsWe aimed to address this gap by performing a network analysis on data from a school survey of children aged 6–17 years old (N = 7,405). ADHD and autism symptoms were measured via parent‐report on the Swanson, Nolan, Pelham‐IV questionnaire and the Childhood Autism Spectrum test, respectively.ResultsA relatively low interconnectivity between ADHD and autism symptoms was found with only 10.06% of possible connections (edges) between one ADHD and one autism symptoms different than zero. Associations between ADHD and autism symptoms were significantly weaker than those between two symptoms pertaining to the same construct. Select ADHD symptoms, particularly those presenting in social contexts (e.g. ‘talks excessively’, ‘does not wait turn’), showed moderate‐to‐strong associations with autism symptoms, but some were considered redundant to autism symptoms.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that individual ADHD and autism symptoms are largely segregated in accordance with diagnostic boundaries corresponding to these conditions in children and adolescents from the community. These findings could improve our clinical conceptualization of ADHD and autism and guide advancements in diagnosis and treatment.