bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic Epikeratoplasty: A Surgical Procedure for Corneal Melting
Authors: Lifshitz Tova , Oshry Tzafrir 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tectonic epikeratoplasty (TEK) is a method in which a corneal button, preserved in glycerin is used as a seal over corneal perforation. The graft is sutured to the recipient sclera, upon the sick melted cornea, with silk sutures, after 360° peritomy of the conjunctiva. The graft is left in place for a few weeks, and by that time the cornea is completely healed. We describe our experience in TEK as a method of treatment for selected cases of melted cornea or descemetocele.
* METHODS AND PATIENTS: We review 12 TEK operations done in our department over the period of 1992 to 1997, and describe the outcome in each case.
* RESULTS: The 12 TEK operations included 9 eyes of 9 patients. The patients, 7 males and 2 females, suffered from ocular surface disturbances including indifference to pain syndrome, Steven-Johnson syndrome, dry eye, relapsing herpetic keratitis, post-traumatic corneal thinning, and local anesthetic abuse. Six of the 9 eyes had leaking perforated corneal ulcer, and the remaining 3 had an imminent perforation caused by descemetocele or melting. All the grafts but one fell off the eyes between 10 and 21 days following surgery. In most of the cases the leakage ceased, and a scar sealing the perforation site was observed. One eye had gone through this procedure 3 times, and another eye had gone through it twice. In only 3 cases did the procedure fail to eliminate leakage, and another TEK or urgent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) was done.
* CONCLUSIONS: TEK is an available method for saving the integrity of the globe when PKP is not possible. Although it increases corneal vascularity, PKP can be done later under optimal conditions.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:305-307]
Internal Limiting Membrane Removal for Traumatic Macular Holes
Authors: Kuhn Ferenc , Morris Robert , Mester Viktória , Witherspoon C Douglas 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new surgical technique for traumatic macular holes and to provide epidemiological information for such holes.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal but without adjuvant use on 17 consecutive eyes.
* RESULTS: The hole closed in 100% of eyes. Vision improved ≥2 Snellen lines in 16 eyes (94%). The macula showed additional trauma-related damage in 10 eyes (59%). No permanent complication related to ILM removal was seen. Among 4440 eyes with contusion trauma in the United States Eye Injury Registry, the risk of macular hole formation is 9 times higher in eyes closed than with open globe injury (1.4% versus 0.15%).
* CONCLUSIONS: Without introducing special risks, removal of the macular ILM appears to be a highly successful surgical option in improving vision in eyes with traumatic macular holes. The majority of eyes benefit from ILM removal, even when additional traumatic macular pathology is present.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:308-315]
Keratometric Results During the First Year After Keratoplasty: Adjustable Single Running Suture Technique Versus Double Running Suture Technique
Authors: Ramirez Manuel , Hodge David O , Bourne William M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the 3-month and 1-year postoperative keratometric results in a retrospective sequential series of corneal grafts performed with either a double running suture technique or an adjustable single running suture technique.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Keratometry values obtained 3 months and 1 year after penetrating keratoplasty, when sutures were still present, were compared between 31 grafts with double running sutures and 27 grafts with single running sutures, 15 of which had been adjusted postoperatively.
RESULTS: No significant difference in mean keratometry between the 2 groups was found either 3 months or 12 months after keratoplasty. Mean keratometric astigmatism was significantly less in the single running group at both 3 months (2.2 ± 1.9 vs 4.5 - 2.8, mean ± SD, P<0.001) and 12 months (3.0 ± 2.2 vs 4.2 ± 2.1, P= 0.03). Within groups, there was no significant change from 3 months to 12 months in either mean keratometry or keratometric astigmatism.
* CONCLUSION: The single running suture technique, with postoperative adjustments, produced less keratometric astigmatism during the first postoperative year, when sutures were still in place.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:370-374]
Aqueous Shunts for Intractable Glaucoma in Infants
Authors: Pereira Mary Lucy M , Araujo Silvana V , Wilson Richard P , Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Moster Marlene R , Schmidt Courtland M 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of aqueous shunts in the treatment of infantile glaucoma refractory to conventional treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of all patients up to 3 years of age managed with aqueous shunts for uncontrolled glaucoma between November 1990 and November 1996 were retrospectively reviewed. Ten eyes of 6 patients were included in the study.
RESULTS: The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 29.75 ±4.15 (mm Hg; SD), with none of the eyes on antiglaucoma medication. Postoperatively, the mean IOP was 18.25 ± 5.34 (mm Hg; SD) at a mean follow up of 50 ± 25.6 (SD) months with 7 eyes on topical antiglaucoma medication. At the final follow up, 6 eyes were considered successfully controlled without reintervention, 2 more were controlled after shunt revision, and 2 were considered failures.
CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous shunts were relatively effective in this series of infants with recalcitrant glaucoma.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002:33:19-29]
Comparison of Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin C With or Without Phacoemulsification and Lens Implantation
Authors: Kleinmann Guy , Katz Haia , Pollack Ayala , Schechtman Edna , Rachmiel Roni , Zalish Miriam 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To compare the results of combined trabeculectomy with phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation to those of trabeculectomy alone using mitomycin C (MMC) application intraoperatively in all cases.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective comparative study of consecutive patients was conducted on two groups: 102 eyes of 90 patients studied in the combined procedure group, and 33 eyes of 30 patients in the trabeculectomy alone group.
* RESULTS: Both groups showed a significant decrease in IOR The combined group had a change from 21.5±5.8 mm HG preoperative to 14.73±3.44 mm HG postoperative, P=0.0001; the trabeculectomy group changed from 24.2±7.5 mm HG preoperative to 12.46±3.86 mm HG postoperative, P=0.0001. This represents a 31.5% reduction in IOP in the combined group versus a 48.5% reduction in the trabeculectomy alone group (P=0.0001). The follow-up time was longer in the trabeculectomy group (trabeculectomy group, 22.6±13.3 months; combined group, 14.2±8.0 months), P=0.00l4. There were 97 eyes in the combined group (95%) and 32 eyes (97%) in the trabeculectomy group that had an IOP of less than 20 mm HG at the end of follow up. Postoperatively, the two groups showed similar significant reductions in the number of antiglaucomatous medications used (combined group, 0.82±1.0 compared with 2. 65±0. 84 preoperatively, P=O-OOOl; trabeculectomy group, 0.76±1.2 compared with 2.7±0.95 preoperatively, P=O-OOOl). There were no cases of bleb leakage in the combined group and two cases (6%) in the trabeculectomy group.
* CONCLUSION: The reduction of IOP is significantly larger after trabeculectomy alone than after the combined procedure; however, the functional and anatomical results of the combined procedure of phacoemulsification, posterior chamber IOL implantation, and trabecutectomy with MMC application were as good as those of trabeculectomy alone with MMC.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002; 33; 102-108]
Reproducibility of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurements Using Scanning Laser Polarimetry in Pseudophakic Eyes
Authors: Rhee Douglas J , Greenfield David S , Chen Philip P , Schiffman Joyce 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibilicy of retinal nerve fiber layer measurements in pseudophakic normal and glaucomatous eyes using scanning laser polarimetry (GDx, Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Normal and glaucomatous patients with polymethylmethacrylate posterior chamber intraocular lenses that satisfied entry criteria underwent imaging by two experienced operators. Eyes with posterior capsule opacification or vision less than 20/30 were excluded. Baseline images (mean pixel SD less than 8 mm) were obtained on 3 separate days within a 7-week period. Reproducibility, defined as the pooled within eye variance of these 3 measurements and the coefficient of variation for 12 retardation parameters generated by GDx software were calculated.
* RESULTS: Eighteen eyes (11 glaucoma, 7 normal) of 1 5 patients (7 female, 8 male) were enrolled (mean age 78 ± 6 years). Among glaucomatous eyes, the average mean deviation and corrected pattern standard deviation using achromatic automated perimetry (ZeissHumphrey, Dublin, CA) was -3.8 ± 1.5 dB (range, -1.89 to -5.04 dB) and 4.9 ± 3-3 dB (range O to 11.05 dB), respectively. Coefficient of variation was 10% or less for all retardation parameters except ellipse modulation (20.2%) and neural network number (12.4%). Glaucomatous and normal eyes had similar variability for 8 of 1 2 (66.7%) retardation parameters. Inferior ratio, ellipse modulation, and superior ratio were significantly less variable in glaucomatous eyes (P = 0.007, 0.02, and 0.04 respectively) than normal eyes. Superior integral was more variable in glaucomatous eyes (P= 0.03).
* CONCLUSION: Retardation measurements may be obtained in pseudophakic eyes with acceptable reproducibiltty, Normal eyes and eyes with mild glaucomatous damage have similar variability for most retardation parameters.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:117-122]
Pterygium Surgery: Conjunctival Rotation Autograft Versus Conjunctival Autograft
Authors: Dadeya Subhash , Malik K P S , Gulliani B P 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and efficacy of conjunctival rotation autograft to conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized study was performed of 39 eyes in 31 patients who had undergone pterygium surgery. Nineteen eyes were treated by conjunctival rotation autograft (Group A). Twenty eyes were treated by conjunctival autograft (Group B). Follow up ranged from 8 to 12 months (mean 11 months). Recurrence was defined as postoperative regrowth of 2 mm fibrovascular tissue onto clear cornea in the area of previous pterygium excision.
* RESULTS: Recurrence was observed in 5.88% (1/17) in Group A and in 5.55% (1/18) in Group B.
Four eyes were excluded from the study. Delayed wound healing occurred in 11.76% of eyes, and 5.88% of eyes had persistent congestion in Group A. A loose graft was present in 5.55% of eyes, and 5.55% of eyes had dellen formation in Group B.
* CONCLUSION: We conclude that conjunctival rotation autograft and conjunctival autograft are both equally effective methods to reduce the recurrence rate after pterygium surgery. Conjunctival rotation autograft can be tried as an alternative attractive procedure for pterygium surgery to reduce the chances of recurrence. However, a larger, randomized, prospective double masked study with more patients and a longer follow up will eventually demonstrate the superiority of one procedure over the other.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:269-274]
Epiblepharon of the Lower Eyelid: Technique of Surgical Repair and Quantification of Excision According to the Skin Fold Height
Authors: Khwarg Sang In , Choung Ho-Kyung 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe our excisional technique for lower eyelid epiblepharon to reduce a medial undercorrection and to provide a guide for the excision amount using a classification system of epiblepharon according to the skin fold height.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: After classification, an elliptical excision of skin and orbicularis muscle, including that below the lower canaliculus after tarsal suturing of the upper edge of the incised skin, was consecutively performed for 111 eyelids of 58 patients. The widest width of the excisional ellipse was measured.
* RESULTS: The results were successful in 108 eyelids. The mean widest width of the excisional ellipse was 1.1, 1.7, 2.5, and 3.0 mm in Class I, II, III, and IV epiblepharons, respectively.
* CONCLUSION: This surgical technique is effective for the correction of epiblepharon, and it is easy to determine the amount of excision. Using this technique, a 1 mm to 3 mm width of excision is sufficient.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:280-287]
Local Methotrexate and Dexamethasone Phosphate for the Treatment of Recurrent Primary Intraocular Lymphoma
Authors: Velez Gisela , Boldt H Culver , Whitcup Scott M , Nussenblatt Robert B , Robinson Michael R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 70-year-old patient with recurrent bilateral primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) was treated with local injections of methotrexate and periocular dexamethasone phosphate to both eyes over the course of 5 months. Local therapy consisted of a cycle to each eye of 3 intravitreal injections of methotrexate (200 µg in a total volume of 0.1 cc) administered on days 1, 5, and 8, followed by a subtenon injection of dexamethasone phosphate (7.5 mg in a total volume of 0.3 cc) on day 9. This treatment cycle was administered 4 times for the right eye and 3 times for the left eye, at 4 to 6 week intervals. Electroretinography was used to assess retinal function prior to and during each treatment regimen.
Complete regression of the lymphomatous infiltrates and resolution of the vitritis was observed with preservation of visual acuity and no changes on electroretinography. The effect was sustained for 24 months after termination of treatment in the absence of systemic chemotherapy, radiation treatments, or maintenance intravitreal injections.
Local combined chemotherapy can be used to treat recurrent PIOL, and can serve as successful palliative therapy in patients for whom further treatment with systemic chemotherapy or radiation is contraindicated. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers; 33:329-333]
Uveitic Angle Closure Glaucoma in a Patient With Inactive Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Immune Recovery Uveitis
Authors: Goldberg Daniel E , Freeman William R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract, We report a case of uveitic acute angle closure glaucoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis and immune recovery vitritis. We conducted a long-term, follow-up examination of a 47-year-old male with AIDS and inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis caused by immune recovery on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We found vitritis and ultimate development of uveitic glaucoma in the postoperative periods following repair of retinal detachment and extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant. An episode of acute angle closure secondary to posterior synechiae and iris bombé subsequendy developed, requiring peripheral laser iridotomy. Immune recovery in the setting of inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis can result in intraocular inflammation severe enough to cause angle closure glaucoma and profound ocular morbidity.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:421-425]
Intravitreal Removal of Large, Fibrotic Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Complexes in Submacular Surgery
Authors: Haivala Darin R , Nanda Sumit K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract, Submacular surgery is a current alternative technique for the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM). One of the difficulties often encountered with this technique is the actual removal of the neovascular membrane complex from the eye. It is often too large and fibrotic to be removed directly through a sclerotomy site without risking significant sclerotomy site complications. The vitreous cutter can be used, but despite high aspiration settings, the large, fibrotic neovascular membrane complex may still not be able to be completely removed safely and expeditiously. We describe an alternative technique using the phacofragmentation handpiece to remove large fibrotic neovascular membranes from the vitreous cavity thereby reducing sclerotomy site complications and surgical time.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:436-437]
Patient Comfort with Combined Anterior Sub-Tenon's, Topical, and Intracameral Anesthesia Versus Retrobulbar Anesthesia in Trabeculectomy, Phacotrabeculectomy, and Aqueous Shunt Surgery
Authors: Kansal Sukesh , Moster Marlene R , Gomes Marcia C , Schmidt Courtland M , Wilson Richard P 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To assess patient comfort using combined anterior sub-Tenon's, topical, and intracameral ("Blitz") anesthesia versus retrobulbar anesthesia in glaucoma surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, 139 consecutive patients who received retrobulbar anesthesia and 139 consecutive patients who received Blitz anesthesia during glaucoma surgery were evaluated in a prospective fashion. The retrobulbar group included 49 trabeculectomies, 36 aqueous shunts, and 54 phacotrabeculectomies. The Blitz group included 49 trabeculectomies, 30 aqueous shunts, and 60 phacotrabeculectomies. Patients were asked to assess their level of ocular pain operatively and postoperatively on a 10point visual analog scale. The operative and postoperative pain scores and postoperative sedation of patients receiving retrobulbar anesthesia were compared with those of patients receiving Blitz anesthesia during trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, and aqueous shunt surgery, separately.
* RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in the mean operative or postoperative pain scores between the two groups during trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, or aqueous shunt surgery.
* CONCLUSIONS: Blitz anesthesia offers a reasonable alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia for trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, and aqueous shunt surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:456-462]
Knowledge about cardio-vascular disease and its risk factors among college-going students in peri-urban Bengaluru, South India
Authors: Thomas Joseph , Johnson Avita Rose , Mathew Savan Sara , Tomy Chitra , Fathima Farah Naaz 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Knowledge on cardiovascular disease (CVD), its risk factors and preventive measures including lifestyle and behavior changes among youth is an important primary prevention measure to control CVDs.

Objective:
To assess the knowledge about CVD and its risk factors among college-going youth near Bengaluru city, Karnataka

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among college-going youth pursuing various undergraduate degree courses in a peri-urban area near Bangalore, South India. A face-validated, pre-tested, and self-administered questionnaire which captured sociodemographic details along with fifty questions to assess knowledge of CVD and its risk factors was administered.

Results:
A total of 693 college students participated in the study, of whom 342 (49.4%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 19.06 ± 1.62 years. Overall mean knowledge score regarding CVD and its risk factors was 20.69 ± 6.75 (out of 50). Knowledge scores were significantly higher among those residing in a hostel (P= 0.043) and among those in the 2nd and 3rd year of the course (P< 0.001).

Conclusions:
College-going youth were found to have poor knowledge about CVD and its risk factors. We were able to identify erroneous beliefs and myths regarding CVD and its risk factors. It is necessary to create awareness among the youth by including CVD and its risk factors as a part of the regular college curriculum.
A study of serum magnesium level in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with glycemic control and its complications
Authors: Moradiya Kalpesh , Muley Arti 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Diabetes is a major public health problem with increasing morbidity due to complications. There have been reports regarding the association of serum magnesium (S. Mg) with diabetic complications but they are few and inconclusive.

Aims:
The aim was to find the status of S. Mg in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and study association of S. Mg with glycemic control and diabetic complications.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in rural area.

Subjects and Methods:
All patients of type 2 DM were included. Detailed history was taken and all were subjected to routine investigations and S. Mg level. Patients were also screened for complications of diabetes.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed for any association between S. Mg levels and diabetic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) and also for the correlation with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.

Results:
Mean S. Mg was significantly less in patients having uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c ≥7%) as compared to those with HbA1c <7% (78.8% vs. 21.2%;P= 0.001). There was a negative correlation between S. Mg and HbA1c (r = −0.499;P= 0.001). We also found a statistically significant association of hypomagnesemia with retinopathy (odds ratio [OR] = 4.871;P= 0.001) and nephropathy (OR = 5.4;P= 0.001).

Conclusions:
Hypomagnesemia is associated with uncontrolled HbA1c and diabetic complications. Routine monitoring and correction of S. Mg levels in type 2 diabetes patients may help in better control of HbA1c and delaying progression to retinopathy and nephropathy.
Noncommunicable disease risk profile of urban women in Indore city, India
Authors: Bachani Damodar , Stevens Amanda Pomeroy , Anand Krishnan , Amarchand Ritvik 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Lifestyle changes are affecting the health risk profile of women in developing countries. This study assesses risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and access to NCD screening services among women in Indore city, India.

Materials and Methods:
A NCD risk factor survey was undertaken in Indore city through the United States Agency for International Development-funded Building Healthy Cities project. The survey used the World Health Organization STEPwise methodology and tools. A total of 1987 women and 1083 men aged 18–69 years were randomly selected from 90 settlements across 30 wards of the city. Weighted analysis based on sampling strategy and response rate was conducted.

Results:
A total of 22% of women (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21, 24) had raised blood pressure and 13% (95% CI: 11, 14) had raised fasting blood sugar or had already been diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes. While only 6% of women were current tobacco users and <1% consumed alcohol in the last 30 days, 60% of women were overweight or obese. Central obesity was observed in 70% of women; 89% of women were not consuming adequate fruits and vegetables, and 20% were physically inactive. Only 41% and 20% of women had their blood pressure and blood sugar measured, respectively, in the last 12 months; <1% were screened for oral and cervical cancers.

Conclusion:
Women living in Indore have higher levels of metabolic risk factors, and current NCD screening programs have poor uptake. Gender-sensitive solutions targeting awareness, access, and community environment need further exploration.