bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming reshaped the microbial hierarchical interactions
Authors: Zhou Yuqi , Sun Baoyu , Xie Baohua , Feng Kai , Zhang Zhaojing , Zhang Zheng , Li Shuzhen , Du Xiongfeng , Zhang Qi , Gu Songsong , Song Wen , Wang Linlin , Xia Jianyang , Han Guangxuan , Deng Ye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobal warming may alter microbially mediated ecosystem functions through reshaping of microbial diversity and modified microbial interactions. Here, we examined the effects of 5‐year experimental warming on different microbial hierarchical groups in a coastal nontidal soil ecosystem, including prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria and archaea), fungi, and Cercozoa, which is a widespread phylum of protists. Warming significantly altered the diversity and structure of prokaryotic and fungal communities in soil and additionally decreased the complexity of the prokaryotic network and fragmented the cercozoan network. By using the Inter‐Domain Ecological Network approach, the cross‐trophic interactions among prokaryotes, fungi, and Cercozoa were further investigated. Under warming, cercozoan–prokaryotic and fungal–prokaryotic bipartite networks were simplified, whereas the cercozoan–fungal network became slightly more complex. Despite simplification of the fungal–prokaryotic network, the strengthened synergistic interactions between saprotrophic fungi and certain prokaryotic groups, such as the Bacteroidetes, retained these phyla within the network under warming. In addition, the interactions within the fungal community were quite stable under warming conditions, which stabilized the interactions between fungi and prokaryotes or protists. Additionally, we found the microbial hierarchical interactions were affected by environmental stress (i.e., salinity and pH) and soil nutrients. Interestingly, the relevant microbial groups could respond to different soil properties under ambient conditions, whereas under warming these two groups tended to respond to similar soil properties, suggesting network hub species responded to certain environmental changes related to warming, and then transferred this response to their partners through trophic interactions. Finally, warming strengthened the network modules’ negative association with soil organic matters through some fungal hub species, which might trigger soil carbon loss in this ecosystem. Our study provides new insights into the response and feedback of microbial hierarchical interactions under warming scenario.
Achievable agricultural soil carbon sequestration across Europe from country‐specific estimates
Authors: Rodrigues Leonor , Hardy Brieuc , Huyghebeart Bruno , Fohrafellner Julia , Fornara Dario , Barančíková Gabriela , Bárcena Teresa G. , De Boever Maarten , Di Bene Claudia , Feizienė Dalia , Kätterer Thomas , Laszlo Peter , O’Sullivan Lilian , Seitz Daria , Leifeld Jens 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe role of soils in the global carbon cycle and in reducing GHG emissions from agriculture has been increasingly acknowledged. The ‘4 per 1000’ (4p1000) initiative has become a prominent action plan for climate change mitigation and achieve food security through an annual increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks by 0.4%, (i.e. 4‰ per year). However, the feasibility of the 4p1000 scenario and, more generally, the capacity of individual countries to implement soil carbon sequestration (SCS) measures remain highly uncertain. Here, we evaluated country‐specific SCS potentials of agricultural land for 24 countries in Europe. Based on a detailed survey of available literature, we estimate that between 0.1% and 27% of the agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can potentially be compensated by SCS annually within the next decades. Measures varied widely across countries, indicating differences in country‐specific environmental conditions and agricultural practices. None of the countries' SCS potential reached the aspirational goal of the 4p1000 initiative, suggesting that in order to achieve this goal, a wider range of measures and implementation pathways need to be explored. Yet, SCS potentials exceeded those from previous pan‐European modelling scenarios, underpinning the general need to include national/regional knowledge and expertise to improve estimates of SCS potentials. The complexity of the chosen SCS measurement approaches between countries ranked from tier 1 to tier 3 and included the effect of different controlling factors, suggesting that methodological improvements and standardization of SCS accounting are urgently required. Standardization should include the assessment of key controlling factors such as realistic areas, technical and practical feasibility, trade‐offs with other GHG and climate change. Our analysis suggests that country‐specific knowledge and SCS estimates together with improved data sharing and harmonization are crucial to better quantify the role of soils in offsetting anthropogenic GHG emissions at global level.
An outbreak of appreciation: A discursive analysis of tweets of gratitude expressed to the National Health Service at the outset of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Day Giskin , Robert Glenn , Leedham‐Green Kathleen , Rafferty Anne Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic prompted unprecedented displays of gratitude to healthcare workers. In the United Kingdom, gratitude was a hotly debated topic in public discourse, catalysing compelling displays of civic togetherness but also attracting criticism for being an unhelpful distraction that authorized unrealistic expectations of healthcare workers. Expressions of thanks tend to be neglected as drivers of transformation, and yet, they are important indicators of qualities to which people attach significance.ObjectiveThis study aimed to use discursive analysis to explore how the National Health Service (NHS) was constructed in attention‐attracting tweets that expressed and/or discussed gratitude to the NHS.MethodsHaving determined that Twitter was the most active site for traffic relating to gratitude and the NHS, we established a corpus of 834 most‐liked tweets, purposively sampled from Twitter searches on a day‐by‐day basis over the period of the first lockdown in the United Kingdom (22 March–28 May 2020). We developed a typology for tweets engaging with gratitude as well as analysing what the NHS was thanked for.ResultsOur analysis, informed by a discursive psychology approach, found that the meanings attributed to gratitude were highly mobile and there were distinct patterns of activity. The NHS was predominantly—and sometimes idealistically—thanked for working, effort, saving and caring. Displays of gratitude were seen as incommensurable with failures of responsibility. The clap‐for‐carers campaign was a potent driver of affect, especially in the early parts of the lockdown.ConclusionsThe social value of gratitude is implicated in the re‐evaluation of the risks and rewards of healthcare and social care work in the wake of the pandemic. We caution against cynicism about gratitude overshadowing the well‐being effects that expressing and receiving gratitude can engender, particularly given concerns over the detrimental effects of the pandemic on mental health.Public ContributionThis study involves the analysis of data provided by the public and published on social media.
FRAX assessment in people ageing with HIV
Authors: Mazzitelli Maria , Branca Isabel Pereira , Muramatsu Takashi , Chirwa Mimie , Mandalia Sundhiya , Moyle Graeme , Marta Boffito , Milinkovic Ana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesCurrent British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines recommend the use of FRAX for the routine assessment of bone fracture risk in people living with HIV over 50 years of age every 3 years. Bone mineral density measurement with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is recommended for those with increased fracture risk (FRAX major > 10%). Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for osteoporosis in a population of PLWH aged > 50 years and assess the utility of FRAX in predicting the presence of DXA‐proven osteoporosis in this cohort.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of a cohort of PLWH aged > 50 years attending the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital and who had a DXA scan between January 2009 and December 2018. FRAX scores were calculated using the Sheffield algorithm. Multiple regression models and Cohen's kappa values were used to assess risk factors for osteoporosis and agreement between FRAX and DXA scan results, respectively.ResultsIn all, 744 patients were included (92.9% male, mean age 56 ± 5 years). The prevalence rates of osteoporosis (at DXA scans) and osteopenia were 12.2% and 63.7%, respectively. FRAX major was > 10% in only two patients, while 90/91 (98.9%) patients with osteoporosis had a normal FRAX score. The presence of osteoporosis was significantly associated with low body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur results indicate that FRAX scores did not predict the presence of osteoporosis in our population of PLWH over 50 years of age and therefore FRAX scores may not be the appropriate tool to define eligibility to perform DXA scans in PLWH.
NETWORK EFFECTS AND SWITCHING COSTS IN THE U.S. WIRELESS INDUSTRY
Authors: Weiergraeber Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractI estimate a model of dynamic consumer behavior to disentangle switching costs and network effects in the U.S. wireless industry. A detailed panel on market shares and churn rates, disaggregated by demographic consumer types and local markets, allows me to separately identify preference heterogeneity, switching costs, and a localized direct network effect. My switching cost estimates range from USD 47 to USD 178. The average willingness‐to‐pay for a 15 percentage point increase in a carrier's market share is USD 8.50 per month. Finally, I show that ignoring either one of the effects results in substantial errors when simulating counterfactuals.
Effects of an earplug placement intervention on sleep quality in patients in a medical intensive care unit: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lin Yun‐Chian , Lin Tsung‐Jen , Liu Chin‐Hung , Chen Yi‐Ting , Lai Hui‐Ling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of an intervention involving earplug placement during nocturnal sleep in non‐ventilated intensive care unit patients.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted in 107 adult patients between January 2017 and December 2018. Participants in the intervention group (n = 55) slept with earplugs between 10 pm and 7 am on the second night of their intensive care unit stay. In the control group, participants slept with no earplugs. Outcome parameters included sleep, urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin levels, relaxation responses measured using the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry results and vital signs. Urine was collected between 10 pm and 7 am.ResultsOverall, 28.03% of participants showed virtually no 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in the collected urine. Outcome parameters were not significantly different between the groups, indicating that wearing earplugs alone did not affect sleep quality, urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin and vital signs.ConclusionsThe effects of using earplugs alone on sleep quality, urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin and relaxation responses in patients admitted to the intensive care unit were inconclusive. Additional research is required before earplugs alone can be widely used to improve sleep quality.
Genetic variant interpretation: a primer for clinicians
Authors: Kaushik Varun , Plazzer John‐Paul , Winship Ingrid , Macrae Finlay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClinicians beyond specialist genetic services are now able to order tests to interrogate the genetic basis of disease. Behind every genetic report lies a significant body of work that draws on decades of collaboration between clinicians, researchers and database curators. Understanding these advances in genetic variant interpretation may allow practising clinicians to develop a more nuanced appreciation of the role genetic variant interpretation can play in the diagnosis and management of heritable disorders. In this article, we consider genetic variant interpretation with reference to efforts to better understand variation in the mismatch repair genes and their relation to Lynch syndrome – the most common cause of hereditary colon cancer.
Mixed responses to first‐line alectinib in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with rare ALK gene fusions: A case series and literature review
Authors: Li Mengnan , An Zhou , Tang Qiusu , Ma Yutong , Yan Junrong , Chen Songan , Wang Yina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion is a well‐defined biomarker for ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Alectinib, a second‐generation ALK‐TKI, has been shown to have significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) than first‐generation ALK inhibitors in untreated ALK‐rearranged NSCLC patients. However, its clinical efficacy on rare ALK fusions remains unclear. Herein, two advanced NSCLC patients received first‐line alectinib treatment, given their positive ALK fusion status as determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing results. Patients showed limited clinical response (PFS: 4 months) and primary resistance to alectinib respectively. Molecular profiling using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) further revealed a striatin (STRN)‐ALK fusion in the first patient accompanied by MET amplification, and a LIM domain only protein 7 (LMO7)‐ALK fusion in another patient without any other known oncogenic alterations. Both patients demonstrated improved survival after they switched to second‐line crizotinib (PFS: 11 months) and ensartinib (PFS: 18 months), respectively, up till the last follow‐up assessment. In conclusion, the clinical efficacy of ALK‐TKIs including alectinib for lung cancer with uncommon ALK gene fusions is still under evaluation. This study and literature review results showed mixed responses to alectinib in NSCLC patients who harboured rare ALK fusions. Comprehensive molecular profiling of tumour is thus strongly warranted for precise treatment strategies.
The efficacy and the adverse reactions of laser‐assisted tattoo removal – a prospective split study using nanosecond and picosecond lasers
Authors: Bäumler W. , Breu C. , Philipp B. , Haslböck B. , Berneburg M. , Weiß K.T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaser pulses with nanosecond duration (NSL) have been the golden standard to destroy the pigment particles in skin. It is still controversially discussed whether picosecond pulses (PSL) are superior for tattoo removal.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and the adverse reactions of nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses in a comparative study.MethodsThe prospective study included 23 subjects with 30 black or coloured tattoos, which were split into two halves treated with either a new PSL (532, 1064 nm) or standard NSL (694 nm). The lasers were applied at regular time intervals of 4 weeks for up to eight treatments. Tattoo clearance (primary endpoint), pain and adverse reactions (secondary endpoints) were appraised by physicians, blinded observers, and by subjects. The extent and duration of adverse reactions were additionally assessed by using a questionnaire and photo‐documentation after each treatment session.ResultsThe tattoo clearance appeared to be more effective for PSL compared to NSL but without statistical significance (P > 0.05). Pretreated tattoos responded better to laser treatments than previously untreated tattoos. Subjects felt significantly less pain with PSL than with NSL (P < 0.001). Transient adverse reactions were statistically less pronounced lasting shorter for PSL as for NSL, especially blistering, pruritus, and burning sensation. Hypopigmentation appeared after NSL treatments only, whereas hyperpigmentation was caused by both lasers. No scarring was detected with either laser.ConclusionsBoth laser systems enable acceptable clearance of most tattoos in the present study. PSL cause less collateral skin damage as compared to NSL.
Competency‐based assessment in nutrition education: A systematic literature review
Authors: O'Donovan Sarah , Palermo Claire , Ryan Lisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundA suitably prepared and qualified nutrition and dietetics workforce is part of the solution to combating the burden of disease. Competency‐based assessment is a key part of the education of future workforces. Although there has been recent attention on competency‐based assessment in dietetics, there is little exploration of competency‐based education for the preparation of nutritionists. The present study aimed to understand how competency‐based assessment is implemented and evaluated in nutrition education.MethodsA systematic literature review was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were initially searched in February 2020 using key words related to competenc* in combination with nutrition or dietetic and their synonyms. An updated search was completed again in March 2021. Studies that met eligibility criteria where the focus was on nutrition and involved a method of competency‐based assessment were synthesised narratively.ResultsFrom a total of 6262 titles and abstracts, six studies on competency assessment in nutrition education were identified. The assessments focused on the development of key skills, including motivational interviewing and nutrition assessment, changes to knowledge and attitudes on food and culture, and self‐perceived development of communication, collaboration, management, advocacy, scholarship and professional capabilities. No studies were found that assessed promotion of health and wellbeing or the food chain competencies.ConclusionsThe lack of research in competency‐based assessment must be addressed to ensure we are effectively preparing future nutritionists for work such that they can impact health outcomes.
The LEDs move pilot study: the Light Curtain and physical activity and well‐being among people with visual and intellectual disabilities
Authors: Enkelaar L. , Oosterom‐Calo R. , Zhou D. , Nijhof N. , Barakova E. , Sterkenburg P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMoving around and being physically active can often be challenging for people with a visual impairment. The combination of a visual and intellectual disability can make being physically active even more difficult. The aim of the current study was to examine whether a technological device for physical activity promotion would be associated with more movement and whether using it would be experienced as enjoyable for people with visual and intellectual disabilities.MethodsA randomised multiple baseline design was used for this study. The participants were nine adults with a visual impairment and an IQ between 20 and 50. As participants interacted with the Light Curtain, movement was measured with triaxial accelerometers embedded in the Empatica E4 wristband. Independent observers scored activity, alertness and well‐being from video‐recordings using the following observation lists: the Happiness Feature Score (HFS) and the Arousal and Valence Scale (AVS).ResultsPhysical activity measured with the accelerometer and positive excitement measured with the AVS significantly increased among participants when they were engaged with the Light Curtain compared with care‐as‐usual activities. Well‐being measured with the HFS did not show a significant difference between the baseline and intervention phases.ConclusionsEngagement with the Light Curtain increased physical activity and positive excitement in persons with visual and intellectual disabilities, but more research is necessary to understand how the Light Curtain might affect happiness and well‐being.
The psychological impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with neuroendocrine tumors: Between resilience and vulnerability
Authors: Lauricella Eleonora , Cives Mauro , Bracigliano Alessandra , Clemente Ottavia , Felici Valentina , Lippolis Rossella , Amoruso Brunella , Pelle' Eleonora , Mandriani Barbara , Esposto Chiara , Forte Cira , Perri Francesco , Porta Camillo , Tafuto Salvatore 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has added another layer of complexity to the fears of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Little is known regarding the psychological impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak on patients with gastroenteropancreatic or bronchopulmonary (BP) NETs. We longitudinally surveyed the mental symptoms and concerns of NET patients during the plateau phase of the first (W1) and second epidemic waves (W2) in Italy. Seven specific constructs (depression, anxiety, stress, health‐related quality of life, NET‐related quality of life, patient–physician relationship, psychological distress) were investigated using validated screening instruments, including DASS‐21, EORTC QLQ‐C30, EORTC QLQ GI.NET21, PDRQ9 and IES‐R. We enrolled 197 patients (98 males) with a median age of 62 years. The majority of the patients had G1/G2 neoplasms. Some 38% of the patients were on active treatment. At W1, the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 32%, 36% and 26% respectively. The frequency of depression and anxiety increased to 38% and 41% at W2, whereas no modifications were recorded in the frequency of stress. Poor educational status was associated with higher levels of anxiety at both W1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33 ± 0.22;p = .07) and W2 (OR = 1.45 ± 0.26;p = .03). Notably, post‐traumatic stress symptoms were observed in the 58% of the patients, and both single marital status (OR = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06–0.48;p = .0009) and low levels of formal education (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23–0.99;p = .05) predicted their occurrence. No significant deteriorations of health‐related quality of life domains were observed from W1 to W2. High patient care satisfaction was documented despite the changes in health systems resource allocation. NET patients have an increased risk of developing post‐traumatic stress symptoms as result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Specific screening measures and psychological interventions should be implemented in NET clinics to prevent, recognize and treat mental distress in this vulnerable population.
Voices from the ‘resus room': An integrative review of the resuscitation experiences of nurses
Authors: Riley Katherine , Middleton Rebekkah , Wilson Val , Molloy Luke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNurses are often the first responders to resuscitations. Understanding their experiences of resuscitation will highlight the resuscitative context nurses work within and identify the conditions that support or hamper their delivery of safe and effective resuscitative care.AimThe aim of this integrative review is to develop an understanding of nurses' experience of resuscitation, to gain knowledge of their challenges and identify gaps in evidence.DesignIntegrative review.MethodsThe electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched from 2000–2021. Methodological quality of the papers was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist was used to guide and report the integrative review.ResultsEleven articles met criteria for review. Four themes arose from the literature that addressed nurses experiences of resuscitation: Chaos (external/internal), ethical dilemmas, clinical confidence and need for support.ConclusionNurses' experiences of resuscitation are multifaceted. Addressing the challenges that nurses experience during resuscitation will help ensure that nurses' are supported in their professional growth and personal well‐being.Relevance to clinical practice and research: Building nursing leadership capacity within resuscitations is an area of clinical practice/research that is gaining traction as a valid solution to address the challenges nurses experience during resuscitations. Whilst the barriers to debriefing requires a greater level of consideration within the workplace.