bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playing finger cymbals in the Roman Empire: an iconographic study
Authors: Cottet Audrey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Finger cymbals, played with one pair in each hand like castanets, are iconic of the Middle Eastern ‘belly’ dance, which has been represented in numerous pictorial works and photographs since the 18th century. Middle Eastern dancers show that it is possible to dance while using two small cymbals in each hand, attached to two different fingers with straps from the cymbals’ holes. Starting from the observation that many such small cymbals have been found in Roman archaeological sites, this article asks whether Roman dancers played these small cymbals like Middle Eastern dancers do today. The question is complex, because Roman dancers were able to play small cymbals in other ways, such as holding just one in each hand, or inserting them into cymbal tongs. This article presents a typological and functional study of small metal cymbals attached to fingers in Roman iconography. Three examples are considered: a mosaic from the Roman city of Augusta Traiana (now Stara Zagora) in Bulgaria, and two stone reliefs, one from Orolaunum (now Arlon) in Belgium and another from the Podocataro Palace in Rome, dated from the 2nd to the 4th centuries ce. These remains testify to the use of fingers cymbals, two in each hand, attached directly to two different fingers, by dancers from the Roman Empire.
Thomas Paine’s reflections on the revolution in France: inventing a reactionary Paine in 1825
Authors: Lounissi Carine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article looks into an unpublished manuscript in French found in Jacques-Pierre Brissot’s papers in the Archives Nationales. The manuscript’s author and/or translator presents it as a diary written by Thomas Paine during his time as a deputy in the National Convention. Yet both the manuscript’s form and its content suggest that it may well be a forgery. The context in which it was written is crucial. In the 1820s, memoirs and histories looked back upon the French Revolution as the political contest among ultras, liberals and republicans and revived some of the issues raised during the French revolutionary decade. The author of this manuscript was openly pro-Bourbon and seemed to turn Paine into a moderate partisan of monarchy. Many clues show that the views expressed on the events of the Revolution do not match Paine’s writings or are contradicted by records in French archives.
Material Hardships, Perceived Stress, and Health among Low-Wage Hospital Workers
Authors: Woo Jihee , Ballentine Kess , Shook Jeffrey , Engel Rafael , Goodkind Sara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany service, clerical, and technical hospital workers deemed essential during the pandemic have wages that do not reflect the essential nature of their work and do not earn enough income to cover basic expenses. Thus, many experience material hardships related to food, housing, and medical care. Previous studies have shown strong relationships between material hardships and health; however, they do not fully explain the role of stress as an intervening mechanism. This cross-sectional study analyzes an online survey with 257 lower-wage hospital workers to examine the relationships between hardships and health, and how perceived stress mediates these relationships. Path analysis revealed that financial and food hardships were related to mental health through perceived stress, while medical hardship was directly associated with physical health. These findings add to the evidence that workers’ hardships either directly or indirectly contribute to negative mental and physical health outcomes through perceived stress. Future investigations should further examine relationships among material hardships, stress, and health, and advocacy efforts should focus on raising wages for essential hospital workers.
Determining Baltic salmon foraging areas at sea using stable isotopes in scales—a tool for understanding health syndromes
Authors: Jones Douglas , Dahlgren Elin , Jacobson Philip , Karlson Agnes M L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractManaging fish stocks for species migrating between freshwater and the sea is challenging when ecological information for life stages at sea is poorly known. Oceans offer increased opportunity for growth but also morbidity and mortality. By improving our understanding of foraging at sea we can better identify factors driving stock health and recruitment. We analysed stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in scales from tagged Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) caught at sea over four decades. We found consistently divergent patterns in δ13C and δ15N between the two main basins of the Baltic Sea, which can be used to determine foraging area. Isotope analysis of amino acids revealed differences in source δ15N as the main reason for observed differences between basins. We also analysed isotopes in scales and thiamin concentrations in roe (thiamin deficiency can cause substantial fry mortality) from adult female salmon returning to a river to spawn in 2017 and 2018. Individuals with low thiamin levels were associated with offshore feeding in both basins, suggesting the deficiency syndrome is widespread in the Baltic Sea.
“But Mouse, You Are Not Alone”: On Some Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Infecting Mice
Authors: Kuiper Michael J , Wilson Laurence O W , Mangalaganesh Shruthi , Lee Carol , Reti Daniel , Vasan Seshadri S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In silico predictions combined with in vitro, in vivo, and in situ observations collectively suggest that mouse adaptation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus requires an aromatic substitution in position 501 or position 498 (but not both) of the spike protein’s receptor binding domain. This effect could be enhanced by mutations in positions 417, 484, and 493 (especially K417N, E484K, Q493K, and Q493R), and to a lesser extent by mutations in positions 486 and 499 (such as F486L and P499T). Such enhancements, due to more favorable binding interactions with residues on the complementary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 interface, are, however, unlikely to sustain mouse infectivity on their own based on theoretical and experimental evidence to date. Our current understanding thus points to the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Omicron variants of concern infecting mice, whereas Delta and “Delta Plus” lack a similar biomolecular basis to do so. This paper identifies 11 countries (Brazil, Chile, Djibouti, Haiti, Malawi, Mozambique, Reunion, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela) where targeted local field surveillance of mice is encouraged because they may have come in contact with humans who had the virus with adaptive mutation(s). It also provides a systematic methodology to analyze the potential for other animal reservoirs and their likely locations.
A Construction of Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces in ℍ2 × ℝ and the Krust Property
Authors: Castro-Infantes Jesús , Manzano José M , Rodríguez Magdalena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We show the existence of a $2$-parameter family of properly Alexandrov-embedded surfaces with constant mean curvature $0\leq H\leq \frac {1}{2}$ in ${\mathbb {H}^2\times \mathbb {R}}$. They are symmetric with respect to a horizontal slice and $k$ vertical planes disposed symmetrically and extend the so-called minimal saddle towers and $k$-noids. We show that the orientation plays a fundamental role when $H&gt;0$ by analyzing their conjugate minimal surfaces in $\widetilde {\textrm {SL}}_2(\mathbb {R})$ or $\textrm {Nil}_3$. We also discover new complete examples that we call $(H,k)$-nodoids, whose $k$ ends are asymptotic to vertical cylinders over curves of geodesic curvature $2H$ from the convex side, often giving rise to non-embedded examples if $H&gt;0$. In the discussion of embeddedness of the constructed examples, we prove that the Krust property does not hold for any $H&gt;0$, that is, there are minimal graphs over convex domains in $\widetilde {\textrm {SL}}_2(\mathbb {R})$, $\textrm {Nil}_3$ or the Berger spheres, whose conjugate surfaces with constant mean curvature $H$ in $\mathbb {H}^2\times \mathbb {R}$ are not graphs.
Free Incomplete Tambara Functors are Almost Never Flat
Authors: Hill Michael A , Mehrle David , Quigley James D 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFree algebras are always free as modules over the base ring in classical algebra. In equivariant algebra, free incomplete Tambara functors play the role of free algebras and Mackey functors play the role of modules. Surprisingly, free incomplete Tambara functors often fail to be free as Mackey functors. In this paper, we determine for all finite groups conditions under which a free incomplete Tambara functor is free as a Mackey functor. For solvable groups, we show that a free incomplete Tambara functor is flat as a Mackey functor precisely when these conditions hold. Our results imply that free incomplete Tambara functors are almost never flat as Mackey functors. However, we show that after suitable localizations, free incomplete Tambara functors are always free as Mackey functors.
Combinatorics of F-Polynomials
Authors: Fei Jiarui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We use the stabilization functors to study the combinatorial aspects of the $F$-polynomial of a representation of any finite-dimensional basic algebra. We characterize the vertices of their Newton polytopes. We give an explicit formula for the $F$-polynomial restricting to any face of its Newton polytope. For acyclic quivers, we give a complete description of all facets of the Newton polytope when the representation is general. We also prove that the support of the $F$-polynomial is saturated for any rigid representation. We provide many examples and counterexamples and pose several conjectures.
Transmission Dynamics of the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Hari , Lim Jun-Sik , Song Sun-Ah , Achangwa Chiara , Sim Woobeom , Kim Giho , Ryu Sukhyun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the predominant variant worldwide at the time of this study. However, its transmission dynamics were unclear.

Methods
We analyzed 405 local cases infected with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 and temporal patterns of viral shedding identified between 22 June and 31 July 2021 in Daejeon, South Korea.

Results
Overall, 20% were presymptomatic at the time of epidemiological investigation. We identified 6 clustered outbreaks, and all were associated with indoor facilities. In 23 household contacts, the secondary attack rate was 63%. We estimated the mean serial interval as 3.26 days (95% credible interval, 2.92–3.60), and 15% (95% confidence interval, 13%–18%) of cases seeded 80% of all local transmission. Analysis of the nasopharyngeal swab samples identified virus shedding from the presymptomatic cases and the highest viral load was observed 2 days after symptom onset.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the Delta variant is highly transmissible in indoor settings and households. Rapid contact tracing, isolation of the asymptomatic contacts, strict adherence to public health measures, and increased uptake of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, including booster doses, are needed to reduce community transmission of the Delta variant.
A case of incidental STUMP discovery in a patient with concurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ladner Tessa , Schultz Troy , Moore Jocelyn , Houle Greg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStromal tumours of the prostate are exceedingly rare, often presenting in patients in their fifth decade of life. They are classified as either stromal sarcomas, or stromal tumours of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), the latter of which is known to have diverse clinical behaviour and thus surgical excision is often warranted. We present a case of a 71-year-old male, initially worked up by his family doctor due to mild obstructive voiding symptoms. Following a more thorough urologic workup, including a prostate biopsy, he was found to have a markedly elevated prostate specific antigen and positive cores on prostate biopsy demonstrating prostatic adenocarcinoma. The decision was made to treat with retropubic radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Resulting pathology showed concurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma in addition to STUMP. The patient continues to be followed by oncology as well as a sarcoma specialist due to the unique nature of his case.
New constraints on light axion-like particles using Chandra transmission grating spectroscopy of the powerful cluster-hosted quasar H1821+643
Authors: Sisk-Reynés Júlia , Matthews James H , Reynolds Christopher S , Russell Helen R , Smith Robyn N , Marsh M C David 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are predicted by several Beyond the Standard Model theories, in particular, string theory. In the presence of an external magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of propagation, ALPs can couple to photons. Therefore, if an X-ray source is viewed through a magnetized plasma, such as a luminous quasar in a galaxy cluster, we may expect spectral distortions that are well described by photon–ALP oscillations. We present a 571 ks combined high- and low-energy transmission grating Chandra observation of the powerful radio-quiet quasar H1821+643, hosted by a cool-core cluster at redshift 0.3. The spectrum is well described by a double power-law continuum and broad+narrow iron line emission typical of type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), with remaining spectral features ${\lt}2.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Using a cell-based approach to describe the turbulent cluster magnetic field, we compare our spectrum with photon–ALP mixing curves for 500 field realizations, assuming that the thermal-to-magnetic pressure ratio β remains constant up to the virial radius. At $99.7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ credibility and taking β = 100, we exclude all couplings gaγ &gt; 6.3 × 10−13 GeV−1 for most ALP masses &lt;10−12 eV. Our results are moderately more sensitive to constraining ALPs than the best previous result from Chandra observations of the Perseus cluster, albeit with a less constrained field model. We reflect on the promising future of ALP studies with bright AGNs embedded in rich clusters, especially with the upcoming Athena mission.
A hierarchical Bayesian SED model for Type Ia supernovae in the optical to near-infrared
Authors: Mandel Kaisey S , Thorp Stephen , Narayan Gautham , Friedman Andrew S , Avelino Arturo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTWhile conventional Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) cosmology analyses rely primarily on rest-frame optical light curves to determine distances, SNe Ia are excellent standard candles in near-infrared (NIR) light, which is significantly less sensitive to dust extinction. An SN Ia spectral energy distribution (SED) model capable of fitting rest-frame NIR observations is necessary to fully leverage current and future SN Ia data sets from ground- and space-based telescopes including HST, LSST, JWST, and RST. We construct a hierarchical Bayesian model for SN Ia SEDs, continuous over time and wavelength, from the optical to NIR (B through H, or $0.35{-}1.8\, \mu$m). We model the SED as a combination of physically distinct host galaxy dust and intrinsic spectral components. The distribution of intrinsic SEDs over time and wavelength is modelled with probabilistic functional principal components and the covariance of residual functions. We train the model on a nearby sample of 79 SNe Ia with joint optical and NIR light curves by sampling the global posterior distribution over dust and intrinsic latent variables, SED components and population hyperparameters. Photometric distances of SNe Ia with NIR data near maximum obtain a total RMS error of 0.10 mag with our BayeSN model, compared to 0.13–0.14 mag with SALT2 and SNooPy for the same sample. Jointly fitting the optical and NIR data of the full sample up to moderate reddening (host E(B − V) &lt; 0.4) for a global host dust law, we find RV = 2.9 ± 0.2, consistent with the Milky Way average.
Implications of a rapidly varying FRB in a globular cluster of M81
Authors: Lu Wenbin , Beniamini Paz , Kumar Pawan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
A repeating source of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is recently discovered from a globular cluster of M81. Association with a globular cluster (or other old stellar systems) suggests that strongly magnetized neutron stars, which are the most likely objects responsible for FRBs, are born not only when young massive stars undergo core-collapse, but also by mergers of old white dwarfs. We find that the fractional contribution to the total FRB rate by old stellar populations is at least a few per cent, and the precise fraction can be constrained by FRB searches in the directions of nearby galaxies, both star-forming and elliptical ones. Using very general arguments, we show that the activity time of the M81-FRB source is between 104 and 106 yr, and more likely of the order of 105 yr. The energetics of radio outbursts put a lower limit on the magnetic field strength of 10$^{13}\,$G, and the spin period $\gtrsim 0.2\,$s, thereby ruling out the source being a milli-second pulsar. The upper limit on the persistent X-ray luminosity (provided by Chandra), together with the high FRB luminosity and frequent repetitions, severely constrains (or rules out) the possibility that the M81-FRB is a scaled-up version of giant pulses from Galactic pulsars. Finally, the 50-ns variability time of the FRB light curve suggests that the emission is produced in a compact region inside the neutron star magnetosphere, as it cannot be accounted for when the emission is at distances $\gtrsim 10^{10}\rm \, cm$.
Subterahertz radius and limb brightening of the Sun derived from SST and ALMA
Authors: Menezes Fabian , Selhorst Caius L , Giménez de Castro Carlos Guillermo , Valio Adriana 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Measurements of the radius and limb brightening of the Sun provide important information about the solar atmosphere structure and temperature. The solar radius increases as the observation at radio frequency decreases, indicating that each emission originates higher in the atmosphere. Thus, different layers of the solar atmosphere can be probed by observing at multiple wavelengths. In this work, we determined the average radius and limb brightening at 100, 212, 230, and 405 GHz, using data from the Solar Submillimeter Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array’s single-dish observations. For the first time, limb brightening values for frequencies of 212 and 405 GHz were estimated. At sub-THz frequencies, the observed limb brightening may affect the solar radius measurements. We use two different and well-known approaches to determine the radius: The half-power method and the inflection-point method. We investigate how the antenna beam size and the limb brightening level, LB, can affect the radius measurements using both methods. Our results showed that the inflection-point method is the least affected by these parameters, and should thus be used for solar radius estimates at radio wavelengths. The measured average radii are 968 ± 3 arcsec (100 GHz), 963 ± 3 arcsec (212 GHz), 963 ± 2 arcsec (230 GHz), and 963 ± 5 arcsec (405 GHz). Finally, we used forward modelling to estimate the ranges of LB of the solar disc resulting in 5–19 per cent (100 GHz), 2–12 per cent (212 GHz), 6–18 per cent (230 GHz), and 3–17 per cent (405 GHz). Both radius and limb brightening estimates agree with previous measurements reported in the literature.
MHD disc winds can reproduce fast disc dispersal and the correlation between accretion rate and disc mass in Lupus
Authors: Tabone B , Rosotti G P , Lodato G , Armitage P J , Cridland A J , van Dishoeck E F 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The final architecture of planetary systems depends on the extraction of angular momentum and mass-loss processes of the discs in which they form. Theoretical studies proposed that magnetohydrodynamic winds launched from the discs (MHD disc winds) could govern accretion and disc dispersal. In this work, we revisit the observed disc demographics in the framework of MHD disc winds, combining analytical solutions of disc evolution and a disc population synthesis approach. We show that MHD disc winds alone can account for both disc dispersal and accretion properties. The decline of disc fraction over time is reproduced by assuming that the initial accretion time-scale (a generalization of the viscous time-scale) varies from disc to disc and that the decline of the magnetic field strength is slower than that of the gas. The correlation between accretion rate and disc mass, and the dispersion of the data around the mean trend as observed in Lupus, is then naturally reproduced. The model also accounts for the rapidity of the disc dispersal. This paves the way for planet formation models in the paradigm of wind-driven accretion.
Behavior Change Interventions for Health Promotion in Physical Therapist Research and Practice: An Integrative Approach
Authors: Motl Robert W , Lein Donald H , Morris David M , Lowman John D , Perez Patricia , Bullard Cara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is an increasing focus on health promotion in physical therapist research and practice. A clinical model (Health-Focused Physical Therapy Model) was developed for identifying major steps in the delivery of health promotion focusing on adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors. One of the primary steps within this model is the design and delivery of behavior change interventions. Such interventions involve coordinated sets of activities that target change in a specific pattern of unhealthy behavior (eg, physical inactivity, smoking). This Perspective contends that the science and practice of behavior change interventions can be significantly advanced in the field of physical therapy (implementation science) through the integration of behavior change frameworks and techniques within the context of an experimental medicine approach for health behavior change. This perspective presents the integration of the Theoretical Domains Framework, the Behavior Change Wheel, including the Capability Opportunity Motivation–Behavior core system, and the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy as a comprehensive approach for designing and delivering behavior change interventions in physical therapy. An experimental medicine approach is described, outlining a 4-step process in the design, delivery, and evaluation of behavior change interventions that can be applied to health promotion in physical therapist research and practice. The proposed integrative approach can advance public health and health promotion through healthy lifestyle behavior change in the field of physical therapy.