bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gall Bladder Wall Thickness as a Predictor for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Difficulties in Gadarif, Eastern Sudan
Authors: Salah Sami E. E. , Yahia Hawa 
Published: August 2021

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a revolutionary change in the treatment of patients with gallbladder stones. Multiple studies have identified factors that are predictive of surgical difficulties including preoperative ultra-sonographic findings.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of sonographic measurement of gall bladder wall thickness as a predictive factor for laparoscopic cholecystectomy difficulties in Gadarif Teaching Hospital, Sudan.
Patients and methods: This are a prospective, observational, analytical cross-sectional hospital-based study in which all patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gall stones disease and had a pre-operative sonographic measurement for GBWT in GTH in the year 2019 were included.
Results: 110 cases were studied. The male to female ratio was 0.2: 1, the mean age was 35±3.8 years. Past history of the acute attack reported in 54 (48.2%) of the patients, history of ERCP was reported in 2 (1.8%) and the majority of patients 71 (64.5%) has no associated medical condition. Abdominal examination was normal in 69 (62.7%) of the patients, 35 (31.8%) patients showed positive Murphy's sign or other signs. Gall bladder thickening, as a predictor of difficulty, was normal of ≤ 3 mm in 69 (62.7%), mild (4-5 mm) in 34 (30.9%), moderate (6-7 mm) in 5 (4.5%), and severe > 7 in 2 (1.8%) of the patients. A significant association was found between GBWT and: duration of symptoms, the number of attacks, operative time and hospital stay, postoperative complication, and conversion to open cholecystectomy. Operative time was found to be associated with the experience of the operator (P-value < 0.05).
Conclusion: Pre-operative sonographic increasing gall bladder wall thickness is associated with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of postoperative complications, prolonged operative time, and conversion to open cholecystectomy even in expert hands.
Clinico-Metabolic Profile of Neurometabolic Disorders of Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Kundu G. K. , Islam R. , Ahmed S. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Neurometabolic disorders are inborn errors of metabolism with neurological manifestations. They are individually rare but as a group have a significant burden. They constitute 4.9% of genetic cause of moderate and severe mental retardation.
Aims and objective: To explore clinical & metabolic profile of various forms of childhood Neurometabolic disorders.
Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was conducted at Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, and Dhaka from January 2016 to December 2020. Total 59 suspected children of Neurometabolic disorders (NMD), who admitted in hospital during the study period, were included. Among them 41 cases of NMD were diagnoses confirmed on the basis of clinical suspicion, biochemical test, and neuroimaging study and in few cases molecular genetics investigations.
Results: Among 59 suspected cases, total 41 patients were diagnosed as Neurometabolic disorders. Most of the (63.2%) patients were within 0-3 years age. Male patients (70.73%) were outnumbered than female (29.26%). Male: Female ratio were 2.4:1. More than half of patients 25(60.90%) had parental consanguinity followed by Sib death 7 (17.07%), Prematurity 11 (26.82%). Common Neurometabolic disorders were aminoacidopathy 14 (34.14%) and lysosomal storage disorders 15 (36.58%) followed by mitochondrial disorders 5(12.19%), Urea cycle disorders 3(7.31%), CHO metabolism disorders 5(2.43%), Peroxisomal disorders 3(7.31%). Among aminoacidopathy, Organic acidamia 4(9.72%), MSUD 3(7.31%), PKU 2(4.86%), Gluteric Aciduria 3(7.31%), and Biotinidase deficiency disorder 1(2.43%) were common disorders. Among lysosomal storage disorders, mucopolysaccaridosis 4(9.72%) and metachromatic leukodystrophy 8(19.44%) were most common disorders. Common presentations were developmental delay 37(90.24%), developmental regression 21(51.21%), hypotonia 29(70.73) and seizures 26(63.41%). Neuroimaging changes found in about three fourth (80.49%) of cases. About 26.82% cases presented with white matter hyper intensity followed by basal ganglia hyper intensity (19.51%) and cerebral atrophy (14.63%). Abnormally high ammonia and lactate found in 6(14.63%) and 10(24.40%) cases respectively followed by Positive urinary ketones 8 (19.51%).
Conclusions: Neurometabolic disorders are not uncommon. The commonest neurometabolic disorders were aminoaciduria and lysosomal storage disease in our study. Among aminoacid disorders, Organic acidamia, MSUD, Glutaric aciduria and in lysosomal storage disorders metachromatic leukodystrophy & Mucopolysaccharoidosis were common disorders. Neuroimaging changes were found in about three- forth cases in this study.
Marketing Themes and Topic: A Content Analysis of the Articles Published in the Top Marketing Journals from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Alawad Waleed 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the most important themes and topics in the marketing field in the top of three published marketing journals: Journal of Marketing Research, Marketing Science, and Journal of Marketing. between 2015–2020, in order to identifying the marketing researchers’ interest and topics in each theme.
With a reviewing a number of (1027) published articles in the selected articles between 2015 - 2020, the study found that the Journal of Marketing Research has got a share of 40% (420 articles) of the total published articles compared to 31% (318 articles) for the Marketing Science Journal, and 29% (289 articles) for the Journal of Marketing.
The study resulted that the E- Marketing, advertising, consumer behavior, product development and pricing themes have got a share of 35% (363 articles) of the total published articles of those three journals (1027) published articles.
E-Marketing has got the highest interest of the three top journals interest with a total of 97 published articles. Then advertising theme has got the second interest with 81 published articles each, and finally, consumer behavior and product development themes have got around 60 published articles.
However, the study showed that green marketing and international marketing themes had very week interest in the three journals with a total of five articles published in the selected journals between 2015–2020.
Testing Availability of Human and Technical Requirements for Knowledge Management Implementation in Moroccan Universities
Authors: Boussenna Yassine , Kharraz Ouail El 
Published: August 2021

Effectively handling knowledge is crucial for any organization to survive and prosper in the turbulent environments of the modern era. However, Effective knowledge management implementation requires the presence of organizational, Human, and Technological appropriate infrastructure. throughout, the literature Most authors cite (Management leadership and Information Technology).
The main objective of this study was to verify the presence of success factors for (KM) implementation at the Moroccan universities via the Abdelmalek Essaadi University subject of this work.
Through deductive reasoning approach and a quantitative working method, Using the questionnaire as a tool to collect data from a proportional random and representative sample of 88 teacher-researchers from the different institutions of the university under study.
This paper presents empirical evidence of the positive relationship between (Management leadership, IT) and (KM) implementation at Moroccan universities with a Pearson correlation rate of R = 0.635 For Management leadership and 0.554 for Information Technology.
Also, the results obtained show insufficiency presence of initiatives for (KM) application, with an average of 2.14 for leadership and 2.29 concerning (IT) according to the university's teachers.
Smart Fingerprint Biometric and RFID Time-Based Attendance Management System
Authors: Badmus E. O. , Odekunle O. P. , Oyewobi D. O. 
Published: August 2021

Attendance documentation is a crucial metric for determining a student's dedication, qualification, and status. Several types of systems have been developed for automated attendance. The majority of these implementations were built on a single factor template, representing a line of security error. In recent years, rapid development has taken place in several applications such as authorization, data access, and access control by implementing biometrics and radio frequency identification technologies. This research work focuses on designing a smart protocol for RFID authentication in combination with fingerprint biometric information, which guarantees confidentiality, identity verification, and data protection. Reaction time and event performance evaluation were the tests performed on the system. Ten students with unique fingerprints and RFID cards are assessed for the test. The test results show an average duration of 20.61 respective seconds for each student, and zero percent of false refusal rate was recorded in the implementation. Finally, the result shows the system is reliable and efficient. Each result revealed high-speed performance due to software and hardware coordination. Biometric systems provided data integrity and security, RFID provided limited complexity, and the proposed method's technical programming pattern provided an average run time.
Comparative Analyze on the Legal Solution Relevant to Status of Teachers in Albania
Authors: Kume Andon 
Published: August 2021

Legislative reforms in the pre-university education system in Albania have paid special attention to addressing issues related to teacher status. In law no.69 / 2012, "On the pre-university education system in the Republic of Albania", these issues are treated in accordance with the requirements of International Labor Conventions, the Labor Code of the Republic of Albania and law No. 10171, dated 22.10. 2009 "On regulated professions in the Republic of Albania" amended. The law defines the teacher as the central figure of the school. In accordance with the recommendations of the ILO and UNESCO for the status of teachers, the Albanian law guarantees contemporary standards at every stage of the process for gaining and practicing the profession, for continuous professional preparation, scientific qualification, and career. The treatment of labor relations, relations with the social partners, with the associations and the community of parents and students, the definition of their rights and duties, salaries and rewards are components of the status of a teacher.
The status of teachers reflects the social and economic conditions of the country, work culture and community traditions. The law treats teacher status as a key factor in developing the profile of a teacher capable of preparing the future citizens of an open and global society. The professional and academic freedom of the teacher is considered as an essential element of his status. Creating conditions for the exercise of civil rights related to the teaching profession, the right to participate in social and public life and to organize in trade unions are legislative achievements in line with EU standards and the requirements of international documents.
Alignment of School and Leadership Practices in Basic Education with Response-to-Intervention Model
Authors: Raagas Maria Judith R. 
Published: August 2021

This study assessed the implementation of school and leadership practices of the selected basic education schools and their alignment with the Response-to-Intervention (RTI) model components which enhanced the RTI implementation. The gaps in aligning the school and leadership practices with the RTI model were identified as concerns. As the RTI model is about preparing all students for success in their adult lives and careers, the school leaders hold a very significant position in improving the academic performance of all their learners. The study used the mixed method. The quantitative data analysis used a survey questionnaire and sent to the respondents through Google Forms. The descriptive statistics of frequency, mean and standard deviation was calculated using the IBM SPSS Statistics. For the qualitative data, an interview was conducted with the school principals, guidance counselors and selected class advisers, to clarify and support the responses in the survey questionnaire.
Based on the findings, the researcher designed the contextualized RTI framework for basic education in Cebu City, Philippines. The recommendations of the study were: (1) include the RTI systems and procedures in the quality management system of the school; (2) for human resource departments and hiring committees, they should consider the qualification each potential new principal his or her previous experience working with students with special needs; (3) schools should consider providing professional development and training opportunities to principals whose sole or primary classroom teaching experience has been in general education; and, (4) for an individualized professional development planning process, principals might want to incorporate professional development opportunities that focus on leadership support for interventions.
Study of 24 Hours/2 day Monitoring of Blood Pressure in Subjects with Traumatic Paraplegia
Authors: Chaudhary Vandana , Verma Narsingh , Tiwari Sunita , Srivastava R. N. , Verma Dileep 
Published: August 2021

Cardiovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline are more common in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Most people with a cervical or upper-thoracic SCI usually experience conditions called orthostatic hypotension and autonomic dysreflexia, which are described by the serious changes in systemic blood pressure. To evaluate baseline heart rate (HR), baseline blood pressure (BP) and ABPM monitoring in traumatic paraplegia patients. In this study, total 36 diagnosed of paraplegia patients was based on Asia Impairment Scale (AIS), paralysed by RTA, or fall from height within 7 days of injury were included in this study. The blood pressure was monitoring for 24 hour/2 day and repeated after 12th day of first monitoring. Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored by ABPM machine at HALF hourly from 6 am – 10 pm and one hourly from 10 pm – 6 am. All the continuous variables were compared by t- test. The night dipping (Systole) and morning surge (Systole) were significantly lower at 12th days as compared to within 7 Days (p=0.002). Whereas the diurnal Index (Diastole) and diurnal Index (MAP) were comparable in between within 7 days and 12th days. The mean SBP max and SBP min were significantly lower at 12th day as compared to within 7 days. Whereas DBP max and min were comparable in between within 7 days and at 12th days. The changes in min., max and mean double product (All, active periods, and passive periods) were also not found to be statistically significant in between within 7 days and at 12th day. The traumatic paraplegic patients have altered diurnal index, morning surge, night dipping and systolic blood pressure on APBM monitoring.
Assessing the Status of Quality Control Parameters of Four Computed Tomography Scanners in Ibadan
Authors: Egharevba Osayaba Peace , Nzotta Christian Chukwuemeka , Oyekunle Emmanuel Oyeyemi , Anas Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Background: Quality control (QC) of computed tomography (CT) scanners is important to evaluate succinctly quality image and radiation dose obtainable in a clinical environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of images generated by CT scanners used at some diagnostic facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional design was employed in this study, four centers were studied, one government hospital and three private hospitals. The head CT phantom was used to verify the accomplishment of the CT scanners performance to the international quality requirements. Regions of interest were selected at the center of the image and at the periphery to obtain results for the CT number for water test, uniformity test, noise, and artifact test.
Results: The mean CT number for water across the centers ranged from –0.12 HU to –2.2 HU which were within ±3 HU recommended by the equipment manufacturer. Values of standard deviation of the mean CT number ranged from 2.41 to 5.77 HU which to a little extent exceeded the set ±5 HU tolerance range. Similarly, the presence of streak artifact was observed in the images obtained at one center.
Conclusion: Two out of the four computed tomography scanners assessed passed the four tests performed. Noise and artifact were the problem observed at centers B and C respectively. There was however no likelihood of periodic performance of these basic quality control tests at two of the centers in this study. Adequate records of quality control data should be kept regularly to allow in-depth analysis of failure rates of different tests, changes occurring during equipment lifetime and comparisons among CT scanners.
Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma Simulating Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS): A Case Report
Authors: El Yamine Othmane , Fakhiri Nassima , Benkiran Dounia , Boufettal Rachid , Chehab Farid , El Gasmi Nabila , Cheikhna Fatima Zahrae , Tahiri Mohamed , Badre Wafaa 
Published: August 2021

The adenocarcinoma of the small intestine is a rare tumor of all gastrointestinal cancers often occurs on a predisposing ground we report the case of a 40-year-old patient chronic smoker has 1 pack year weaned 2 years ago, alcoholic weaned 5 years ago whose symptomatology dates back to 3 months by the appearance of epigastralgia and vomiting post prandial, Complicated by a high occlusive syndrome made of post prandial vomiting with abdominal pain all evolving in a context of alteration of general state made the patient was addressed to the service of digestive cancer surgery and liver transplantation of CHU Ibn Rochd Casablanca.
The patient had an abdominal CT scan which showed duodenojejunal distension with incarceration of an undistended loop at the level of the aorto-mesenteric clamp.
The patient was sent to the operating room in emergency, he underwent a segmental Greco-Resection of 15 cm taking away a jejunal mass under laparoscopy with extra corporal anastomosis latero-lateral jejuno-jejunal with at the exploration one notes the presence of a tumoral mass of 3cm mobile at the level of the 2nd loop jejunal stenosing responsible for a jejunal distension upstream measuring 4cm in diameter.
The anatomopathological study of the specimen showed a moderately differentiated and invasive adenocarcinoma, classified as pT3N1Mx.
The postoperative follow-up was marked by a deep venous thrombosis involving the ileo-femoral-popliteal axis of the ilio-femoral-popliteal trunk on day 2 postoperatively, for which the patient was put on low molecular weight Heparin at a curative dose with compression stockings and monitoring.
The patient had resumed transit in the form of gas on postoperative day 3, with a correct assessment, and was declared discharged on postoperative day 6.
The patient's file was discussed in a multidisciplinary consultation meeting and the decision was to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy and oesogastroduodal fibroscopy (FOGD) and colonoscopy to look for predisposing diseases.
The Speed of Light Is Slowed Down as It Travels Near the Surface of an Obstacle
Authors: Vedad Farhad 
Published: August 2021

The speed of propagation of light that passes through a medium at a slower speed determines the refractive index with respect to the wavelength. Subsequently, the refractive index of vacuum (free space) that light travels at speed c is 1 by definition.
This study proposes that the speed of light is slowed down in an inhomogeneous space close to the surface of the obstacles, including the edges of the apertures. Furthermore, the inhomogeneous refractive index near these surfaces will increase as the distance from the object is reduced. Therefore, light propagates through apertures as it encounters a medium with a variable refractive index.
Partner Relationship Management Architecture Design For SME During Pandemic Era
Authors: Soesanto Daniel , Tresna Absari Dhiani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract—The pandemic situation encourages every business, including small and medium scale, to transform towards an online business. This is done to be able to continue to reach customers and carry out existing business processes well. However, with the reduction or disappearance of face-to-face meetings, the quality of the relationship decreases both on the customer and business partner side. This research focuses on the relationship with business partners, where the exchange of information and data is not optimal in this section, and even errors can occur. Many studies have tried to optimize relationship management with business partners, but none have focused on small and medium-sized businesses during this pandemic. SME's need to manage their business relationships. However, according to research that has been done, many of these business models do not realize the importance of this, and only focus on selling.. This research aims to design PRM architecture designs for small and medium-scale enterprises in this pandemic era. This research resulted in an e-marketplace design that implements PRM for SMEs by applying a recommendation system for distributors to provide the right product to each reseller. Through the results of initial trials conducted by users, both from distributors and resellers, it is easier to understand each other's needs with this e-marketplace.
Keywords: SMEs, PRM, channel management, recommendation system, pandemic

Abstrak—Situasi pandemi mendorong setiap bisnis, termasuk skala kecil dan menengah, untuk bertransformasi menuju bisnis online. Hal ini dilakukan untuk dapat terus menjangkau pelanggan dan menjalankan proses bisnis yang ada dengan baik. Namun, dengan berkurangnya atau hilangnya pertemuan tatap muka, kualitas hubungan menurun baik di sisi pelanggan maupun mitra bisnis. Penelitian ini berfokus pada hubungan dengan mitra bisnis, dimana pertukaran informasi dan data tidak optimal pada bagian ini, bahkan kesalahan dapat terjadi. Banyak penelitian telah mencoba mengoptimalkan manajemen hubungan dengan mitra bisnis, tetapi tidak ada yang fokus pada usaha kecil dan menengah selama pandemi ini. Padahal sebenarnya SME pun sangat perlu mengelola relasi bisnisnya. Namun menurut riset yang pernah dilakukan, bisnis model ini banyak yang belum menyadari pentingnya hal tersebut, dan hanya fokus pada menjual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang desain arsitektur PRM untuk usaha kecil dan menengah di era pandemi ini. Penelitian ini menghasilkan desain e-marketplace yang mengimplementasikan PRM untuk UKM dengan menerapkan sistem rekomendasi bagi distributor untuk menyediakan produk yang tepat untuk setiap reseller. Melalui hasil uji coba awal yang dilakukan oleh pengguna, baik dari pihak distributor maupun reseller menjadi dimudahkan untuk lebih saling memahami kebutuhan masing-masing dengan adanya e-marketplace ini.
Kata kunci: SMEs, PRM, channel management, sistem rekomendasi, pandemi