bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the volume of the myelomeningocele sac on imaging, prenatal neurosurgery and motor outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Corroenne Romain , Mehollin-Ray Amy R. , Johnson Rebecca M. , Whitehead William E. , Espinoza Jimmy , Castillo Jonathan , Castillo Heidi , Orman Gunes , Donepudi Roopali , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Belfort Michael A. , Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate the association of the myelomeningocele (MMC) volume with prenatal and postnatal motor function (MF) in cases who underwent a prenatal repair. Retrospective cohort study (11/2011 to 03/2019) of 63 patients who underwent a prenatal MMC repair (37 fetoscopic, 26 open-hysterotomy). At referral, measurements of the volume of MMC was performed based on ultrasound scans. A large MMC was defined as greater than the optimal volume threshold (ROC analysis) for the prediction of intact MF at referral (2.7 cc). Prenatal or postnatal intact motor function (S1) was defined as the observation of plantar flexion of the ankle based on ultrasound scan or postnatal examination. 23/63 participants presented a large MMC. Large MMC lesions was associated with an increased risk of having clubfeet by 9.5 times (CI%95[2.1–41.8], p < 0.01), and reduces the chances of having an intact MF at referral by 0.19 times (CI%95[0.1–0.6], p < 0.01). At birth, a large MMC reduces the chance of having an intact MF by 0.09 times (CI%95[0.01–0.49], p < 0.01), and increases the risk of having clubfeet by 3.7 times (CI%95[0.8–18.3], p = 0.11). A lower proportion of intact MF and a higher proportion of clubfeet pre- or postnatally were observed in cases with a large MMC sac who underwent a prenatal repair.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02230072 and NCT03794011 registered on September 3rd, 2014 and January 4th, 2019.
Gene expression profiles during tissue remodeling following bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Ito Saya , Nomura Takeshi , Ueda Takashi , Inui Shogo , Morioka Yukako , Honjo Hisashi , Fukui Ayako , Fujihara Atsuko , Hongo Fumiya , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBladder outlet obstruction (BOO) often results in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and negatively affects quality of life. Here, we evaluated gene expression patterns in the urinary bladder during tissue remodeling due to BOO. We divided BOO model rats into two groups according to the degree of hypertrophy of smooth muscle in the bladder. The strong muscular hypertrophy group, which exhibited markedly increased bladder smooth muscle proportion and HIF1α mRNA levels compared with the control group, was considered a model for the termination of hypertrophy, whereas the mild muscular hypertrophy group was considered a model of the initiation of hypertrophy. Some genes related to urinary function showed different expression patterns between the two groups. Furthermore, we found that several genes, including D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor (DBP), were upregulated only in the mild muscular hypertrophy group. DBP expression levels were increased in bladder smooth muscle cells in response to hypoxic stress. DBP associated with enhancer and promoter regions of NOS3 gene locus and upregulated NOS3 gene expression under hypoxic conditions. These findings suggested that the regulatory systems of gene expression were altered during tissue remodeling following BOO. Furthermore, circadian clock components might be involved in control of urinary function via transcriptional gene regulation in response to hypoxic stimuli.
A knockout cell library of GPI biosynthetic genes for functional studies of GPI-anchored proteins
Authors: Liu Si-Si , Liu Yi-Shi , Guo Xin-Yu , Murakami Yoshiko , Yang Ganglong , Gao Xiao-Dong , Kinoshita Taroh , Fujita Morihisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver 100 kinds of proteins are expressed as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) on the cell surface in mammalian cells. GPI-APs possess unique properties in terms of their intracellular trafficking and association with lipid rafts. Although it is clear that GPI-APs play critical roles in various biological phenomena, it is poorly understood how the GPI moiety contributes to these mechanisms. More than 30 genes are involved in the correct biosynthesis of GPI-APs. We here constructed a cell library in which 32 genes involved in GPI biosynthesis were knocked out in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Using the cell library, the surface expression and sensitivity to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of GPI-APs were analyzed. Furthermore, we identified structural motifs of GPIs that are recognized by a GPI-binding toxin, aerolysin. The cell-based GPI-knockout library could be applied not only to basic researches, but also to applications and methodologies related to GPI-APs.
Evaluating the Use of Oral Trials for Inpatient Dysphagia Management: An Initial Cross-Sectional Database Study
Authors: Julier Rebecca , Benfield Jacqueline K. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Oral trials, otherwise known as
swallow trials
or
tasters,
are widely used in dysphagia management. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effectiveness of oral trials or outlined how the approach is utilized in everyday practice. This article aims to start a dialogue regarding this much-used but little-evidenced dysphagia intervention by exploring three main aspects to (a) identify the patient demographics and environments in which oral trials are used in hospital, (b) explore clinical decision making around the approach, and (c) consider clinical implications around current findings and future areas for research.

Method
A cross-sectional examination of 118 patients on the dysphagia caseload of a United Kingdom–based inpatient speech and language therapy team was conducted. Statistical analysis explored demographic differences between oral trials groups and the rest of the dysphagia caseload.

Results

Twenty-three of 118 (19.5%) individuals on the caseload were or had been on oral trials during admission. Individuals in the oral trials group were significantly more likely to have a neurological diagnosis than the full oral intake group (78.3% vs. 30.5%,
p
< .001). There was a lack of uniformity in oral trials recommendations, and the rationale behind quantity and types of diet or fluids offered was unclear.

Conclusions
This study begins to evidence the use of a dysphagia therapy not previously explored within existing literature. It highlights the wide use of oral trials within the hospital trust observed. Based on current evidence, it would be difficult for clinicians to know how to implement oral trials as an intervention. Further research is required both to explore the effectiveness of this approach and also to develop a consensus within practice around how, why, and when oral trials are offered. This would ensure an equitable and effective service is offered and would ensure a high standard of evidence-based practice within dysphagia management.
Acquired Brain Injury in Adults: A Review of Pathophysiology, Recovery, and Rehabilitation
Authors: Gilmore Natalie , Katz Douglas I. , Kiran Swathi 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to summarize existing literature from a range of fields (i.e., neurology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, neuroimaging, rehabilitation, speech-language pathology) that is relevant to the development and/or revision of cognitive rehabilitation programs for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) and, in particular, for young adults.

Method
This review article reviews a range of ABI-associated topics including (a) mechanisms of injury; (b) biological, individual-specific, and behavioral drivers of recovery; and (c) current methods of cognitive rehabilitation. It then narrows focus to young adults, a frequently affected and growing population to sustain ABI. The review article concludes by providing (a) suggestions for key components of cognitive rehabilitation for young adults with ABI, (b) an example from our own research providing intensive academically focused cognitive rehabilitation for young adults with ABI pursuing college, and (c) recommendations for future behavioral and neuroimaging studies in this area.

Conclusions
ABI is on the rise in the United States. Young adults have been sustaining ABI at higher rates over the past several decades. These injuries occur when they would otherwise be advancing their academic and career goals, making the cognitive deficits that often accompany ABI especially devastating for this group. Review of existing literature suggests cognitive rehabilitation programs that combine aspects of restorative, comprehensive, and contextualized approaches could promote recovery for young adults with ABI. Future intervention studies may benefit from including both behavioral and neural outcomes to best understand how principles of neuroplasticity—naturally embedded within many cognitive rehabilitation approaches—could be manipulated to promote cognitive recovery and long-lasting brain reorganization in this group.
MRGPRX4 in Cholestatic Pruritus
Authors: Yu Huasheng , Wangensteen Kirk , Deng Tong , Li Yulong , Luo Wenqin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPruritus (itch) is a debilitating symptom in liver diseases with cholestasis, which severely affects patients' quality of life. Limited treatment options are available for cholestatic itch, largely due to the incomplete understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Several factors have been proposed as pruritogens for cholestatic itch, such as bile acids, bilirubin, lysophosphatidic acid, and endogenous opioids. Recently, two research groups independently identified Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X4 (MRGPRX4) as a receptor for bile acids and bilirubin and demonstrated its likely role in cholestatic itch. This discovery not only opens new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms in cholestatic itch but provides a promising target for developing novel anti-itch treatments. In this review, we summarize the current theories and knowledge of cholestatic itch, emphasizing MRGPRX4 as a bile acid and bilirubin receptor mediating cholestatic itch in humans. We also discuss some future perspectives in cholestatic itch research.
Phenolic Constituents from the Stems of Morus nigra and their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Wang Ling-Ling , Xu Liang-Jin , Ma Meng-Jie , Huang Chun-Yue , Wu Tong , Hu Xiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractsA new sanggenon-type flavanone, nigragenon F (1), together with 11 known compounds, trans-resveratrol (2), (E)-4-isopentenyl-3,5,2′,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene (3), notabilisin E (4), notabilisin A (5), morusin (6), petalopurpurenol (7), 8-geranyl-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin (8), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (9), 4-ethoxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (11), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (12), were isolated from the stems of Morus nigra. Compound 10 was a new natural product, compounds 3, 4, 7, and 8 were reported from the Morus genus for the first time. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Among them, six compounds showed obvious inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 1.24 to 19.00 µmol/L.
Acute Otitis Media in an Extremely Preterm Infant
Authors: Janwadkar Aashika , Louis Shirley , Nemerofsky Sheri L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are a limited number of documented cases of acute otitis media (AOM) in preterm infants while hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We present a case of a former 26 weeks old infant who at 29 weeks, 6 days postmenstrual age presented with acute signs and symptoms of systemic sepsis subsequently found to be secondary to AOM with purulent ear drainage. The patient received a septic evaluation, including urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid studies. Treatment included intravenous antibiotics with full resolution of symptoms. AOM in extreme preterm infants is multifactorial, with leading causes that include prematurity, the use of oropharyngeal and nasogastric tube placement and endotracheal intubation, eustachian tube dysfunction, and a distinct immune response. To our knowledge, there is not another published case of AOM of a preterm baby while in the NICU.
Coincidence of Intra-Abdominal Splenosis in a Patient with Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Braun Tatjana , De Gregorio Amelie , Baumann Lisa , Steinacker Jochen , Janni Wolfgang , De Gregorio Nikolaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSplenosis is a rare disease, which is often discovered incidentally years after surgical procedures on the spleen or traumatic splenic lesions. Through injury of the splenic capsule, splenic cells are able to spread and autoimplant in a fashion similar to the process of metastatic cancer. Here we present the case of a 62-year-old female patient with a palpable tumor of the lower abdomen. Her medical history was unremarkable, except for splenectomy after traumatic splenic lesion in her childhood. Clinical examination and diagnostic imaging raised the suspicion of advanced ovarian cancer, which was further substantiated by the typical presentation of adnexal masses and disseminated peritoneal metastases during the following staging laparotomy. Surprisingly, we also found peritoneal implants macroscopically similar to splenic tissue. Microscopic examination of tissue specimens by intrasurgical frozen section confirmed the diagnosis of intra-abdominal splenosis. The patient then underwent cytoreductive surgery with complete resection of all cancer manifestations, sparing the remaining foci of splenosis to avoid further morbidity. This case demonstrates the rare coincidence of intra-abdominal carcinoma and splenosis, which could lead to intraoperative difficulties by misinterpreting benign splenic tissue. Therefore, splenosis should be considered in patients with medical history of splenic lesions and further diagnostic imaging like Tc-99m-tagged heat-damaged RBC scan could be used for presurgical distinguishing between tumor spread in the abdominal cavity and disseminated splenosis. The presented case report should not only raise awareness for the rare disease splenosis, but also emphasize the need to consider the possibility of simultaneous incidence of benign and malignant intra-abdominal lesions, as to our knowledge this is the first published case of simultaneous peritoneal carcinomatosis and splenosis.
Annealing effects on interdiffusion in layered FA-rich perovskite solar cells
Authors: Oyewole D. O. , Koech R. K. , Ichwani R. , Ahmed R. , Hinostroza Tamayo J. , Adeniji S. A. , Cromwell J. , Colin Ulloa E. , Oyewole O. K. , Agyei-Tuffour B. , Titova L. V. , Burnham N. A. , Soboyejo W. O. 
Published: June 2021

Annealing is one of the processing methods that are used for the fabrication of defect-free, photoactive perovskite films with compact grains in highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Thus, the annealing temperature is a key parameter for the control of the interdiffusion (of constituent elements) in photoactive films. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic study of the effects of annealing on the interdiffusion of constituent elements in efficient formamidinium-based PSCs. We also explore the effects of annealing-induced interdiffusion on layer microstructures, local strains, and the optoelectronic properties of perovskite films. We observe a dramatic upward diffusion of tin (Sn) and titanium (Ti) from fluorine-doped tin oxide and titanium dioxide (TiO2) to the perovskite films. We also observe a downward diffusion of lead (Pb) and iodine (I) from the perovskite films to the mesoporous layer of the electron transporting layer (ETL), after annealing at temperatures between 100 and 150 °C. The diffused I substitutes for Ti in the ETL, which improves the optoelectronic properties of the films, for annealing temperatures between 100 and 130 °C. The annealing-induced interdiffusion that occurs at higher temperatures (between 140 and 150 °C) results in higher levels of interdiffusion, along with increased local strains that lead to the nucleation of pores and cracks. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed for the design of PSCs with improved photoconversion efficiencies and stability.
Trait-based filtering mediates the effects of realistic biodiversity losses on ecosystem functioning
Authors: Wolf Amelia A. , Funk Jennifer L. , Selmants Paul C. , Morozumi Connor N. , Hernández Daniel L. , Pasari Jae R. , Zavaleta Erika S. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
We present multiyear results from a realistic biodiversity loss experiment, examining how two key ecosystem functions (productivity and invasion resistance) responded to randomized and realistic (drought-driven) species losses across years with high yearly climatic variation. We show that realistic low-diversity communities do not always have high functioning under the conditions that drove species loss, indicating a disconnect between functional response and effect traits. Our results also suggest that the functional stability of ecosystems experiencing realistic biodiversity declines could be lower than previous studies of randomized species losses have indicated. Understanding how functional traits interact with increasingly variable climatic conditions is critical to predicting ecosystem responses to the concurrent challenges of species loss and climate change.
Decision‐making to stop or continue playing after football injuries ‐ a systematic video analysis of 711 injury situations in amateur football
Authors: Krutsch Volker , Oberhauser Julia , Krutsch Werner , Loose Oliver , Weber Johannes , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Lang Siegmund , Koch Matthias , Alt Volker , Worlicek Michael 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTScientific injury registration via video analysis is lacking in amateur football. The purpose of this study was to analyse match injury situations with a focus on the decisions made by players and referees after sustaining a football trauma. In a retrospective cohort study, traumatic injuries sustained in any of the 305 matches of the highest amateur level (4th league) in Germany in the 2015–16 season were assessed by means of video analysis and a standardised video protocol. In total, 711 traumatic incidents at 919 different body regions had been recorded. The three most frequently injured body regions were the ankles (34.1%), the head (17.5%) and the knees (17.0%). 90% (n = 156) of head injuries were direct contact injuries, this percentage was significantly higher than that of contact injuries on ankle (68.4%; p < 0.001) or knee (52.6%; p = 0.001). Referees decided on foul play significantly more often in case of knee injuries (57.1%; p = 0.002) or ankle injuries (64.5%; p < 0.001) than in head injuries (39.8%). Only 26.1% of players with a head injury opted for substitution, which was lower than after ankle (27.8%; p = 0.78) and knee injuries (34.0%; p = 0.13). In conclusion, amateur football is associated with a considerable number of injury situations that are followed by match interruptions and the substitution of players. Players and referees decided to continue playing more often after a head injury than after an injury to other body regions. An advanced education programme on the risks and management of head injuries in football is required to prevent long‐term health consequences.
Oblique interactions between solitons and mean flows in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Ryskamp S , Hoefer M A , Biondini G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The interaction of an oblique line soliton with a one-dimensional dynamic mean flow is analyzed using the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II (KPII) equation. Building upon previous studies that examined the transmission or trapping of a soliton by a slowly varying rarefaction or oscillatory dispersive shock wave (DSW) in one space and one time dimension, this paper allows for the incident soliton to approach the changing mean flow at a nonzero oblique angle. By deriving invariant quantities of the soliton–mean flow modulation equations—a system of three (1 + 1)-dimensional quasilinear, hyperbolic equations for the soliton and mean flow parameters—and positing the initial configuration as a Riemann problem in the modulation variables, it is possible to derive quantitative predictions regarding the evolution of the line soliton within the mean flow. It is found that the interaction between an oblique soliton and a changing mean flow leads to several novel features not observed in the (1 + 1)-dimensional reduced problem. Many of these interesting dynamics arise from the unique structure of the modulation equations that are nonstrictly hyperbolic, including a well-defined multivalued solution interpreted as a solution of the (2 + 1)-dimensional soliton–mean modulation equations, in which the soliton interacts with the mean flow and then wraps around to interact with it again. Finally, it is shown that the oblique interactions between solitons and DSW solutions for the mean flow give rise to all three possible types of two-soliton solutions of the KPII equation. The analytical findings are quantitatively supported by direct numerical simulations.
Strong Feller property of the magnetohydrodynamics system forced by space–time white noise
Authors: Yamazaki Kazuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The magnetohydrodynamics system forced by space–time white noise has been proposed and investigated by physicists and engineers, although without rigorous mathematical proofs of its solution’s fundamental properties. Applying the theory of regularity structures, we prove its well-posedness and strong Feller property. The proof requires a careful treatment of nonlinear terms which are sensitive to specific components of the solution that is a six-dimensional vector field, of which the first three and the last three are velocity and magnetic fields, respectively.
Automized Pharmacy Using Face Authentication
Authors: Premkumar J. , Sughasri K. , Preethi Angel , Kavitha E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Today’s technological advancements are revolutionizing the way patients receive treatment. Smartphones are no longer only for making phone calls; they can now be used as a series of embedded sensors to build new packages in a number of fields, including healthcare, e-commerce, homecare, social networks, environmental monitoring, transportation, and security. In today’s healthcare systems, the use of mobile devices is becoming increasingly valuable. Furthermore, cellular generation is playing an increasingly important role in chronic disease management, encouraging the elderly and pregnant women to receive timely treatment, expanding service areas, and improving health conditions and scientific system efficiency. Because of advancements in various generation domains, mobile phones are powerful and feature-rich, but they are also expensive. As a result, smart phones with internet connectivity will be commonly used all over the world in the coming years. All types of mobile phones have a user-friendly interface and intuitive operation, allowing them to be used by anyone, including the disabled and elderly patients. With a few tweaks, this device may also be used in hospitals. The problem of 1) remembering to take the prescribed dose on a daily basis is challenging in a busy schedule. 2) It is very difficult to recall the name of the medication to be administered. 3) The patient’s life may become more complicated as a result of the first two factors. These issues arise for all as a result of prescription non-adherence. As a result, there is an increasing demand for in-home healthcare devices and technology to provide patients with electronic resources to help them control their medications.