bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of uremic toxins on hippocampal synaptic transmission: implication for neurodegeneration in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Natale Giuseppina , Calabrese Valeria , Marino Gioia , Campanelli Federica , Urciuolo Federica , de Iure Antonio , Ghiglieri Veronica , Calabresi Paolo , Bossola Maurizio , Picconi Barbara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPatients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. The cause of mental health disorders in CKD and in chronic hemodialysis patients is multifactorial, due to the interaction of classical cardiovascular disease risk factors, kidney- and dialysis-related risk factors with depression, and multiple drugs overuse. A large number of compounds, defined as uremic toxins that normally are excreted by healthy kidneys, accumulate in the circulations, in the tissues, and in the organs of CKD patients. Among the candidate uremic toxins are several guanidino compounds, such as Guanidine. Uremic toxins may also accumulate in the brain and may have detrimental effects on cerebral resident cells (neurons, astrocytes, microglia) and microcirculation. The present study aims to analyze the effect of Guanidine on hippocampal excitatory postsynaptic field potentials (fEPSPs) and in CA1 pyramidal neurons recorded intracellularly. Moreover, we compared these effects with the alterations induced in vitro by CKD patients derived serum samples. Our results show an increased, dose-dependent, synaptic activity in the CA1 area in response to both synthetic Guanidine and patient’s serum, through a mechanism involving glutamatergic transmission. In particular, the concomitant increase of both NMDA and AMPA component of the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) suggests a presynaptic mechanism. Interestingly, in presence of the lower dose of guanidine, we measure a significant reduction of EPSCs, in fact the compound does not inhibit GABA receptors allowing their inhibitory effect of glutamate release. These findings suggest that cognitive symptoms induced by the increase of uremic compounds in the serum of CKD patients are caused, at least in part, by an increased glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus.
Research on origin‐destination travel demand prediction method of inter‐regional online taxi based on SpatialOD‐BiConvLSTM
Authors: Chen Dejun , Wang Jing , Xiong Congcong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to avoid empty or crowded trips of online taxis and shorten the distance between empty taxis and potential passengers, after adopting the Origin‐Destination (OD) big data of taxis and considering geographic location information, cross‐regional driving demand, as well as passenger origin demand and destination demand, a method combining SpatialOD and Bidirectional ConvLSTM (BiConvLSTM) neural network model is proposed to predict online taxi travel demand. The network model in the method takes into account the historical and future states of the data, and can extract the time and space characteristics of the data. A custom structural similarity loss function is used in the model training to measure the difference between the data. Through experiments on a large public taxi travel data set, the results show that the SMAPE error of this method is 23.83%, which is better than the existing OD demand forecasting methods and has strong practicability.
Physische Belastungsreaktionen bei fahrradergometrischen Untersuchungen in sitzender- und halbliegender Position
Authors: Richter Lutz 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungFahrradergometrische Untersuchungen werden zur Therapiesteuerung und zur Feststellung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit und Belastbarkeit bei sportmedizinischen Untersuchungen eingesetzt. Dabei haben sich die sitzende und halbliegende Fahrradergometrie etabliert. Zur Übertragbarkeit der durch die unterschiedlichen Belastungssituationen ermittelten Ergebnisse gibt es nur wenige Veröffentlichungen, die zudem ohne eindeutige Aussagen sind. Ziel der Studie ist es, durch eine Einzelfalluntersuchung exemplarisch die Vergleichbarkeit der beiden Belastungssituationen anhand von spirometrischen und kardiozirkulatorischen Parametern zu ermitteln. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse legen die Vermutung nahe, dass eine Limitierung der Übertragbarkeit von spiroergometrisch gewonnenen Belastbarkeitswerten auf die jeweils adäquate Sitz- bzw. Halbliegeposition im Ergometertraining nicht angebracht scheint.
Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Interstitieller Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrom (IC/BPS)
Authors: Vahlensieck Winfried , El Idrissi Raschid , Gerhard-Franke Ursula , Huber Maren , Jenner Jennifer , Zermann Dirk-Henrik 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungNach nicht erfolgreicher ambulanter konservativer oder auch stationär invasiver Therapie und nach Zystektomie bei interstitieller Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrom (IC/BPS) soll laut deutscher IC-Leitlinie eine fachspezifische stationäre urologische Rehabilitation (Reha) beantragt werden. Während dieser wird die Diagnostik bei Bedarf vervollständigt. Die multimodale Therapie umfasst insbesondere die Optimierung des eigenen Lebensstils und der Medikation. Eine intensive psychologische Betreuung kann oft die Krankheitsverarbeitung verbessern. Verschiedene Formen der Bewegungstherapie und die physikalische Therapie mit Wasseranwendungen, Wärmeanwendungen, diversen Formen der Massage und Elektro- bzw. Magnettherapie sowie eine Ernährungsberatung führen häufig zur Linderung der Beschwerden. Die Behandlungsmaßnahmen werden bei Bedarf im Verlauf der Reha angepasst. In der Reha erfolgt auch eine sozialmedizinische Beurteilung und Beratung der Patienten, u.a. zum zu erwartenden Grad der Behinderung und zur Arbeitsfähigkeit. Zwei Drittel der Patienten weisen zum Ende der Reha eine wesentliche Besserung auf, die bei ca. 50% der Patienten auch über einen längeren Zeitraum anhält.
Pleurabrade: A Spiral Brush for Mechanical Pleurodesis and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Young John S. , Steimer Desiree A. , Polhemus Emily , Bueno Raphael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background While the optimal treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax remains unclear, mechanical pleurodesis is a well-established treatment. The Pleurabrade is a spiral brush designed for mechanical pleurodesis during thoracoscopy. We present two patients who underwent mechanical pleurodesis with the Pleurabrade.
Case Description Two patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent operative intervention including mechanical pleurodesis with the Pleurabrade. Chest tubes were removed within 48 hours postoperatively and they were discharged home. Both patients remain recurrence free at 11 and 22 months, respectively.
Conclusion While further testing is needed, these case reports and operative video highlight the Pleurabrade as an efficient device for thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis.
A cell–ECM mechanism for connecting the ipsilateral eye to the brain
Authors: Su Jianmin , Sabbagh Ubadah , Liang Yanping , Olejníková Lucie , Dixon Karen G. , Russell Ashley L. , Chen Jiang , Pan Yuchin Albert , Triplett Jason W. , Fox Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Distinct features of the visual world are transmitted from the retina to the brain through anatomically segregated circuits. Despite this being an organizing principle of visual pathways in mammals, we lack an understanding of the signaling mechanisms guiding axons of different types of retinal neurons into segregated layers of brain regions. We explore this question by identifying how axons from the ipsilateral retina innervate a specific lamina of the superior colliculus. Our studies reveal a unique cell–extracellular matrix recognition mechanism that specifies precise targeting of these axons to the superior colliculus. Loss of this mechanism not only resulted in the absence of this eye-specific visual circuit, but it led to an impairment of innate predatory visual behavior as well.
Curvature thylakoid 1 proteins modulate prolamellar body morphology and promote organized thylakoid biogenesis inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sandoval-Ibáñez Omar , Sharma Anurag , Bykowski Michał , Borràs-Gas Guillem , Behrendorff James B. Y. H. , Mellor Silas , Qvortrup Klaus , Verdonk Julian C. , Bock Ralph , Kowalewska Łucja , Pribil Mathias 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceChloroplast biogenesis is a fundamental process occurring during seedling ontogenesis and leading to plant autotrophy. Which membrane components sterically organize the light-triggered transition of etioplast prolamellar bodies (PLBs) into chloroplast thylakoids, and thus mediate cubic–lamellar transformation, is poorly understood. Here, we used combined two- and three-dimensional electron microscopy, spectroscopy, and biochemical methods to determine the role of CURT1 proteins in the formation of etioplast cubic membranes and their transformation to photosynthetically active chloroplast thylakoids. CURT1 proteins were previously recognized as significant contributors to thylakoid membrane folding. We found that CURT1 proteins are integral proteins of etioplast membranes and act as factors modulating PLBs and prothylakoid nanomorphology. They are also required for concerted thylakoid maturation under de-etiolation.
A review of the effects of wildfire smoke on the health and behavior of wildlife
Authors: Sanderfoot O V , Bassing S B , Brusa J L , Emmet R L , Gillman S J , Swift K , Gardner B 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change is intensifying global wildfire activity, and people and wildlife are increasingly exposed to hazardous air pollution during large-scale smoke events. Although wildfire smoke is considered a growing risk to public health, few studies have investigated the impacts of wildfire smoke on wildlife, particularly among species that are vulnerable to smoke inhalation. In this review, we synthesized research to date on how wildfire smoke affects the health and behavior of wildlife. After executing a systematic search using Web of Science, we found only 41 relevant studies. We synthesized findings from this literature and incorporated knowledge gained from fields outside wildlife science, specifically veterinary medicine and air pollution toxicology. Although studies that directly investigated effects of smoke on wildlife were few in number, they show that wildfire smoke contributes to adverse acute and chronic health outcomes in wildlife and influences animal behavior. Our review demonstrates that smoke inhalation can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning, respiratory distress, neurological impairment, respiratory and cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression in wildlife, including terrestrial and aquatic species, and these health effects can contribute to changes in movement and vocalization. Some species also use smoke as a cue to engage in fire-avoidance behaviors or to conserve energy. However, our review also highlights significant gaps in our understanding of the impacts of wildfire smoke on wildlife. Most notably, the lack of robust air pollution measurements in existing studies limits meta-analyses and hinders construction of dose-response relationships, thereby precluding predictions of health outcomes and behaviors under different air quality conditions, especially during extreme smoke events. We recommend that future studies leverage existing data sets, infrastructure, and tools to rapidly advance research on this important conservation topic and highlight the potential value of interdisciplinary collaborations between ecologists and atmospheric chemists.
Effect of nitrogen deposition on centennial forest water-use efficiency
Authors: Gharun Mana , Klesse Stefan , Tomlinson Gregory , Waldner Peter , Stocker Benjamin , Rihm Beat , Siegwolf Rolf , Buchmann Nina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through photosynthesis is accompanied by an inevitable loss of water vapor through the stomata of leaves. The rate of leaf-level CO2 assimilation per unit stomatal conductance, i.e. intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), is thus a key characteristic of terrestrial ecosystem functioning that is central to the global hydroclimate system. Empirical evidence and theory suggest a positive response of forest WUE to increased CO2 levels globally. Although evidence exists for a positive effect of ecosystem nitrogen (N) inputs on WUEi, it is not clear how trends in atmospheric N deposition have affected WUEi in the past. Here we combine twentieth-century climate and nitrogen deposition with stable isotope signature in tree rings and document a WUEi trend reversal at two sites in Switzerland, that matches the timing of a trend reversal in atmospheric N deposition. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we fitted observed WUEi time series to multiple environmental covariates. This suggested N deposition to have a significant effect on long-term WUEi at the site that was exposed to higher N deposition levels. The ratio of the increase in WUEi in response to increase in CO2 (dWUEi/dCO2) declined by 96% after 1980 (from 0.53 to 0.02) in the beech forest and declined by 72% in the spruce forest (from 0.46 to 0.13) concurrent with a sharp decline in N deposition. Using the GAM model for two scenarios, we show that had N deposition levels not declined after 1980s, WUEi would have increased more strongly in response to increasing CO2. Although the increase in N deposition was limited to the 1950–1980 decades and the signals have declined with improvements in air quality across Europe, the role of atmospheric pollution must be reconsidered in interpretation of tree ring studies and for building environmental proxies that are pivotal to understanding future sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate change.
Surging dynamics of South Rimo Glacier, Eastern Karakoram
Authors: Jiang Zongli , Wu Kunpeng , Liu Shiyin , Wang Xin , Zhang Yong , Tahir Adnan Ahmad , Long Sichun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Describing the dynamic characteristics of glacier surge events is a precursor to being able to understand their driving mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive suite of surface velocities and surface elevation changes for the surging South Rimo Glacier (SRG), situated in the East Karakoram region, are obtained by offset-tracking from Sentinal-1A and geodetic method from TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X and Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System. The surge of SRG initiated in the summer of 2018, and the rapid and dramatic increase in surface velocities reached a peak (∼12 m d−1) in August 2019. By the summer of 2020, the surface velocity of SRG had returned to its pre-surge level. We interpret that the evolution of the latest SRG surge was probably triggered by changes in subglacial thermal conditions, and was ultimately accelerated by hydrological processes. Based on historical analysis, a surge return period of ∼25–30 years prevails at SRG. Spatiotemporal analyses of surface velocities and elevation changes such as these can provide useful information about surge mechanisms and their controls.
Allo-preening is linked to vocal signature development in a wild parrot
Authors: Arellano Caleb M M , Canelón Nurialby Viloria , Delgado Soraya , Berg Karl S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAllo-grooming networks in primate social groups are thought to have favored the evolution of vocal recognition systems, including vocal imitation in humans, as a more effective means of maintaining social bonds in large groups. Select avian taxa converged on vocal learning, but it is not clear what role analogues of allo-grooming might have played. Unlike allo-grooming in most primates, allo-preening in birds is usually limited to pair-bonds. One exception to this is during nestling development when siblings preen each other, but it is unknown how allo-preening influences vocal learning. We addressed this question in wild Green-rumped Parrotlets (Forpus passerinus) in Venezuela. Nestlings learn signature contact calls from adult templates. Large broods, age hierarchies and protracted development in this species create the potential for complex allo-preening networks and a unique opportunity to test how early sociality makes the development of vocal learning labile. From audio-video recordings inside nest cavities and a balanced design of different brood sizes, we quantified allo-preening interactions between marked nestlings, to compare to signature contact calls. Controlling for brood size and age hierarchy, the propensity to preen a larger number of individuals (i.e., out-strength) correlated positively with the age at first contact call. Allo-preening and acoustic similarity matrices did not reveal clear correlations within broods, instead larger broods produced greater contact call diversity. Results indicate that allo-preening elongates the period during which contact calls develop, which might allow individuals time to form a unique signature under the computationally challenging social conditions inherent to large groups.
Condition- and context-dependent alternative reproductive tactic in Drosophila prolongata
Authors: Perdigón Ferreira Jhoniel , Lüpold Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Species with intense male–male competition for access to females often show alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) where males of lower competitive ability adopt a sneaky behavior to gain access to mates. These ARTs are usually associated with intrasexual dimorphisms, in that males with distinct morphologies show different tactics. In some cases, however, males adopt different tactics without being dimorphic. Male Drosophila prolongata exhibit continuous variation in body size and shape, with enlarged forelegs that they use in male-male contests and in courtship, including stimulation of the female’s abdomen. During this “leg vibration,” however, nearby males can intercept the courted female and mate without their own courtship. Here, we studied the causes and consequences of these different mating tactics in competitive mating trials between males varying in their size and shape. We found that male mating tactics were condition-dependent. Whereas large, high-condition males were more likely to show leg vibration in their courtship, smaller, lower-condition males were more likely to intercept. However, the number of offspring produced was independent of male condition and reproductive tactic. We discuss possible scenarios for the evolution and maintenance of the ARTs and some future directions for the study of ARTs in this species and in general.
AncestralClust: clustering of divergent nucleotide sequences by ancestral sequence reconstruction using phylogenetic trees
Authors: Pipes Lenore , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Clustering is a fundamental task in the analysis of nucleotide sequences. Despite the exponential increase in the size of sequence databases of homologous genes, few methods exist to cluster divergent sequences. Traditional clustering methods have mostly focused on optimizing high speed clustering of highly similar sequences. We develop a phylogenetic clustering method which infers ancestral sequences for a set of initial clusters and then uses a greedy algorithm to cluster sequences.

Results
We describe a clustering program AncestralClust, which is developed for clustering divergent sequences. We compare this method with other state-of-the-art clustering methods using datasets of homologous sequences from different species. We show that, in divergent datasets, AncestralClust has higher accuracy and more even cluster sizes than current popular methods.

Availability and implementation
AncestralClust is an Open Source program available at https://github.com/lpipes/ancestralclust.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Current and future potential global distribution of the invading species Drosophila nasuta (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Lauer Garcia Ana Cristina , Pessoa Da Silva Felipe , Campos Bezerra Neves Carlos Henrique , Montes Martín Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Species distribution modelling has been widely employed to indicate probable areas of invasion and to guide management strategies. Drosophila nasuta is native to Asia and has invaded Africa, islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans and, more recently, the Americas. This species has been dispersing rapidly in the past decade, dominating the assemblage of drosophilids in numerous invaded territories, especially in protected areas. Here, we model the potential geographic distribution of D. nasuta for the present and two future scenarios. We also determine the environmental variables that most influence its distribution and investigate the risk of invasion in protected areas. Drosophila nasuta has the potential to expand its occurrence, especially on continents that have already been invaded. Variables related to greater rainfall were those that most influenced its distribution. The projections for the two future scenarios revealed a small increase in the distribution of the species compared to the projection for the present. The largest overlaps between the projected areas to be invaded by D. nasuta and territories in protected areas were found for Central and South America. The predictive maps delineated here can assist in the establishment of management plans directed at the conservation of biodiversity.
1396 Improving Documentation During A General Surgical Ward Round
Authors: Gidwani R , Kilkenny J , Lawther R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Clear documentation at ward rounds is essential to patient safety. The purpose of this audit was to identify areas that could be improved in the documentation at surgical ward round.

Method
A retrospective audit of the most recent ward round entry, in two surgical wards, was carried out against the Royal College of Physicians ‘Generic Medical Record Keeping Standards’. Patient name, Health & Care number (HCN), date, time(24hr), senior doctor present, signature, printed name, GMC/contact details of the scribe were analysed. After data collection, the standards were circulated to all doctors during departmental teaching and displayed on note trollies. A re-audit was then undertaken. Chi-square test was used to compare the two audit cycles and p value of &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
21 patient notes were analysed in the initial audit. Patient name and HCN was noted in 86%(18/21) and 67%(14/21) respectively. 100% of notes included date and senior doctor. Time of entry, signature and printed name/Bleep/GMC number were noted in 81%(17/21), 90.5%(19/21) and 57%(12/21) respectively. 24 patients were included in the re-audit. Results revealed improvement in all parameters as follows: patient name (95.8% 21/24;p=0.23); HCN (91.6%; 22/24;p=0.036),; date and senior doctor (100% as before); time (87.5%; 21/24;p=0.55); signature (100%; 24/24), and printed name/GMC/bleep (87.5%; 21/24;p=0.022).

Conclusions
This closed loop audit demonstrates an overall improvement in the quality of surgical documentation at ward rounds with a very simple intervention. Additionally, a statistically significant improvement was noted in recording HCN and printed name/GMC/bleep.