bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and Characterization of a Nanobody Against SARS-CoV
Authors: Li Jiang-Fan , He Lei , Deng Yong-Qiang , Qi Shu-Hui , Chen Yue-Hong , Zhang Xiao-Lu , Hu Shi-Xiong , Fan Rui-Wen , Zhao Guang-Yu , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe sudden emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has caused global panic in 2003, and the risk of SARS-CoV outbreak still exists. However, no specific antiviral drug or vaccine is available; thus, the development of therapeutic antibodies against SARS-CoV is needed. In this study, a nanobody phage-displayed library was constructed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of alpacas immunized with the recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV. Four positive clones were selected after four rounds of bio-panning and subjected to recombinant expression in E. coli. Further biological identification demonstrated that one of the nanobodies, S14, showed high affinity to SARS-CoV RBD and potent neutralization activity at the picomole level against SARS-CoV pseudovirus. A competitive inhibition assay showed that S14 blocked the binding of SARS-CoV RBD to either soluble or cell-expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In summary, we developed a novel nanobody targeting SARS-CoV RBD, which might be useful for the development of therapeutics against SARS.
On-chip Paper Electrophoresis for Ultrafast Screening of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Na Hamin , Kang Byoung-Hoon , Ku Jayoung , Kim Yoosik , Jeong Ki-Hun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of new viral strains promotes advances in universal diagnostic techniques for detecting infectious diseases with unknown viral sequence. Long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a hallmark of infections, serves as a virus marker for prompt detection of viruses with unknown genomes. Here, we report on-chip paper electrophoresis for ultrafast screening of infectious diseases. Negatively charged RNAs pass through the micro and nanoscale pores of cellulose in order of size under an external electric field applied to the paper microfluidic channel. Quantitative separation of long dsRNA mimicking poly I:C was analyzed from 1.67 to 33 ng·μL−1, which is close to the viral dsRNA concentration in infected cells. This paper-based capillary electrophoresis chip (paper CE chip) can provide a new diagnostic platform for ultrafast viral disease detection at the point-of-care (POC) level.
Role of nanoparticles in achieving macroscale superlubricity of graphene/nano-SiO2 particle composites
Authors: Li Panpan , Ji Li , Li Hongxuan , Chen Lei , Liu Xiaohong , Zhou Huidi , Chen Jianmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent studies have reported that adding nanoparticles to graphene enables macroscale superlubricity to be achieved. This study focuses on the role of nanoparticles in achieving superlubricity. First, because graphene nanoscrolls can be formed with nanoparticles as seeds under shear force, the applied load (or shear force) is adjusted to manipulate the formation of graphene nanoscrolls and to reveal the relationship between graphene-nanoscroll formation and superlubricating performance. Second, the load-carrying role of spherical nano-SiO2 particles during the friction process is verified by comparison with an elaborately designed fullerene that possesses a hollow-structured graphene nanoscroll. Results indicate that the incorporated nano-SiO2 particles have two roles in promoting the formation of graphene nanoscrolls and exhibiting load-carrying capacity to support macroscale forces for achieving macroscale superlubricity. Finally, macroscale superlubricity (friction coefficient: 0.006–0.008) can be achieved under a properly tuned applied load (2.0 N) using a simple material system in which a graphene/nano-SiO2 particle composite coating slides against a steel counterpart ball without a decorated diamond-like carbon film. The approach described in this study could be of significance in engineering.
Filling in the Blanks: Senior Medical Student Supporting the Transition of Incoming First-Year UK Medical Students During COVID-19
Authors: Nelson-Rowe Ellen Lois 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a lack of resources available to support transition into the first year of UK medical schools. Due to COVID-19 and the possibility that students have lost learning, it is argued that there is a demand for free, accessible curated materials. These can reinforce confidence in expected core topics, mitigate differences in student knowledge and provide a head start in new concepts prior to entry — particularly important in the transition to a virtual learning environment. During lockdowns, this may lessen the effect of lost learning and can be assembled by medical students pitching appropriate content and encouraging near-peer support.
Riemannian geometric approach to optimal binocular rotation, pyramid based interpolation and bio-mimetic pan-tilt movement
Authors: Ghosh Bijoy K. , Athukorallage Bhagya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the past several years, we have been studying the problem of optimally rotating a rigid sphere about its center, where the rotation is actuated by a triplet of external torques acting on the body. The control objective is to repeatedly direct a suitable radial vector, called the gaze vector, towards a stationary point target in IR3. The orientation of the sphere is constrained to lie in a suitable submanifold of SO(3). Historically, the constrained rotational movements were studied by physiologists in the nineteenth century, interested in eye and head movements. In this paper we revisit the gaze control problem, where two visual sensors, are tasked to simultaneously stare at a point target in the visual space. The target position changes discretely and the problem we consider is how to reorient the gaze directions of the sensors, along the optimal pathway of the human eyes, to the new location of the target. This is done by first solving an optimal control problem on the human binocular system. Next, we use these optimal control and show that a pan-tilt system can be controlled to follow the gaze trajectory of the human eye requiring a nonlinear static feedback of the pan and tilt angles and their derivatives. Our problem formulation uses a new Riemannian geometric description of the orientation space. The paper also introduces a new, pyramid based interpolation method, to implement the optimal controller.
Profiles of mental health help seeking among Australian adolescent males
Authors: Liddle Sarah K. , Robinson Laura , Vella Stewart A. , Deane Frank P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent males are at increased risk of mental illness and are reluctant to engage in treatment. This study aims to identify subgroups of help‐seeking intentions among a sample of Australian male adolescents.MethodsA sample of 1038 male adolescent sport participants in Australia (age M = 14.69 years, SD = 1.35) reported help‐seeking intentions from ten sources and from ‘no one’. Latent profile analysis was conducted based on these 11 items. Identified profiles were then compared across mental health measures.ResultsFour latent profiles were identified: Low general help‐seekers (10.5%), Moderate general help‐seekers (46.8%), High general help‐seekers (25.5%), High family and friends help‐seekers (17.2%). Low, Moderate, and High general help‐seekers had uniformly low, moderate, and high intentions to seek help from all sources, respectively. High family and friends help‐seekers reported high endorsement of intentions to seek help from intimate partners, friends, parents, and other relatives, but low intentions for other sources. Low general help‐seekers had lower intentions to seek help from parents compared to all other profiles. They also had significantly lower perceived family support and higher psychological distress.ConclusionsLow general help‐seekers were particularly reluctant to seek help from all sources and at high risk of experiencing psychological difficulties. Their distinct profile offers potential to identify this high‐risk group through the use of ratings on the parent help‐seeking intentions item. Further research should investigate the predictive utility of this item on help‐seeking and mental health, and should consider the influence of masculinity and previous experiences of help‐seeking.
Phase-sensitive radar as a tool for measuring firn compaction
Authors: Case Elizabeth , Kingslake Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFirn compaction models inform mass-balance estimates and paleo-climate reconstructions, but current models introduce key uncertainties. For example, models disagree on the dependence of density and compaction on accumulation rate. Observations of compaction to test these models are rare, partly because in situ methods for measuring englacial strain are time-consuming and expensive. Moreover, shallow measurements may confound strain due to compaction with strain due to ice-sheet flow. We show that phase-sensitive radio-echo sounder (pRES) systems, typically deployed to measure sub-shelf melting or ice-sheet deformation, can be used to measure firn compaction and test firn models. We present two complementary methods for extracting compaction information from pRES data, along with a method for comparing compaction models to pRES observations. The methods make different assumptions about the density structure and vary in their need for independent density measurements. Compaction profiles computed from pRES data collected on three ice rises in West Antarctica are largely consistent with measured densities and a physics-based model. With their minimal logistic requirements, new pRES systems, such as autonomous pRES, could be inexpensively deployed to monitor firn compaction more widely. Existing phase-sensitive radar data may contain compaction information even when surveys targeted other processes.
Early Jurassic Trigoniida (Bivalvia) from Argentina
Authors: Echevarría Javier , Damborenea Susana E. , Manceñido Miguel O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBivalves of the Order Trigoniida were abundant and diverse in the Andean Early Jurassic shallow-marine paleoenvironments. Based on extensive collections with detailed stratigraphic information from 40 localities in central-western Argentina, we describe 20 species (4 new) belonging to 11 genera (3 new) and 5 families (Groeberellidae, Trigoniidae, Prosogyrotrigoniidae, Frenguelliellidae, and Myophorellidae). The abundant material allows the description of ontogenetic development and intraspecific variability, highlighting the likely phylogenetic significance of previously underestimated features. Within Frenguelliellidae, we show that the stratigraphic range ofFrenguelliellaLeanza in the region is restricted to the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian. We proposePoultoniellanew genus for some late Pliensbachian–Toarcian species.JaworskiellaLeanza is limited to its type species, whereas for certain convergent forms we proposeMoerickellanew genus (most likely the oldest Myophorellidae).Pseudovaugonianew genus likely descended fromMoerickellan. gen., rather than from the highly diversePromyophorellaKobayashi and Tamura, and is unrelated toVaugoniaCrickmay.Frenguelliella chubutensis(Feruglio) andPromyophorella basoaltorumnew species are the most frequently occurring species. Some species were probably endemic (e.g.,Promyophorella?sanjuaninanew species), although a few (such asFrenguelliella eopacificanew species andPoultoniella jaworskiinew genus new species) had a wide paleolatitudinal range and occur throughout the Pacific coasts and terranes of the Americas, revealing a significant faunal interchange among marine basins during Hettangian–Pliensbachian times. The well-documented Argentinian Early Jurassic record shows a rapid recovery and radiation of the Trigoniida after the Triassic/Jurassic extinction. Many of the new taxa that evolved in America eventually dispersed worldwide by Toarcian and Middle Jurassic times.UUID:http://zoobank.org/82c0d95e-f147-4736-a417-ebc252911181.
What Makes Party Systems Different? A Principal Component Analysis of 17 Advanced Democracies 1970–2013
Authors: Magyar Zsuzsanna B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParty systems, that is, the number and the size of all the parties within a country, can vary greatly across countries. I conduct a principal component analysis on a party seat share dataset of 17 advanced democracies from 1970 to 2013 to reduce the dimensionality of the data. I find that the most important dimensions that differentiate party systems are: “the size of the biggest two parties” and the level of “competition between the two biggest parties.” I use the results to compare the changes in electoral and legislative party systems. I also juxtapose the results to previous party system typologies and party system size measures. I find that typologies sort countries into categories based on variation along both dimensions. On the other hand, most of the current political science literature use measures (e.g., the effective number of parties) that are correlated with the first dimension. I suggest that instead of these, indices that measure the opposition structure and competition could be used to explore problems pertaining to the competitiveness of the party systems.
Flying Back to Africa or Flying to Heaven? Competing Visions of Afterlife in the Lowcountry and Caribbean Slave Societies
Authors: Dewulf Jeroen 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article presents a new interpretation of the famous folktale about enslaved Africans flying home, including the legend that only those who refrained from eating salt could fly back to Africa. It rejects claims that the tale is rooted in Igbo culture and relates to suicide as a desperate attempt to escape from slavery. Rather, an analysis of historical documents in combination with ethnographic and linguistic research makes it possible to trace the tale back to West-Central Africa. It relates objections to eating salt to the Kikongo expression curia mungua (to eat salt), meaning baptism, and claims that the tale originated in the context of discussions among the enslaved about the consequences of a Christian baptism for one's spiritual afterlife.
The Institutional Order of Liberalization
Authors: Edgell Amanda B. , Boese Vanessa A. , Maerz Seraphine F. , Lindenfors Patrik , Lindberg Staffan I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen authoritarian regimes liberalize, are there observable patterns in the ordering of reforms, and are these patterns distinct for cases that transition to democracy? While the prevailing literature tends to focus on exogenous ‘determinants’ of democracy, this letter describes the endogenous dynamics of liberalization itself. Using pairwise domination analysis, it assesses the institutional order of reforms during 371 episodes of liberalization in autocracies between 1900 and 2019. Based on twenty-four indicators of democratic institutions and practices, our findings reveal (1) a clear pattern of reform during liberalization episodes, (2) with strong similarities across outcomes, but also that (3) reforms to the administration of elections tend to develop comparatively earlier in episodes of liberalization that produce a democratic transition.
Checklist of the cestode parasites of wild birds of Argentina
Authors: Drago F.B. , Dueñas Díaz M. , Draghi R. , Núñez V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn annotated checklist of the cestode parasites of Argentinean wild birds is presented, as the result of a compilation of parasitological papers published between 1900 and April 2021. This review provides data on hosts, geographical distribution, sites of infection, location of material deposited in helminthological collections, references and taxonomic comments. A host/parasite list is also provided. During this period, 38 papers were published that gather information about 34 cestode nominal species and 11 taxa identified at generic level, belonging to three orders, ten families and 35 genera. The highest number of cestode taxa was recorded in the family Hymenolepididae, with 12 nominal species and two taxa identified at generic level, followed by Dilepididae, with eight nominal species and three taxa identified at generic level. Of the 1042 species of birds reported in Argentina, only 29 (2.8%) were reported as hosts of adult cestodes. The families of birds with the highest number of reported taxa were Laridae and Anatidae, with 20 and 14 taxa, respectively.
Aristotle's Politics on Greeks and Non-Greeks
Authors: Lockwood Thornton 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScholars of race in antiquity commonly claim that Aristotle holds protoracist views about barbaroi or non-Greeks. But a careful examination of Aristotle's remarks in his Politics about slavery, non-Greek political institutions, and Greek and non-Greek natural qualities calls into question such claims. No doubt, Aristotle held views at odds with modern liberalism, such as his views about gender subordination and the exploitation of slave and nonslave labor. But claims that Aristotle holds protoracist views are regularly but erroneously asserted without careful consideration of relevant textual evidence. I argue that Aristotle neither categorically distinguishes Greeks and non-Greeks nor does he endorse the claim that Greeks are categorically superior to non-Greeks. Indeed, Aristotle regularly draws upon non-Greek political institutions in his own formulation of the best constitution and he praises the non-Greek constitution of Carthage as superior to that of Greek constitutions such as Sparta and Crete.
Whose migration matters? The role of migration in social networks and mental health among rural older adults in China
Authors: Tang Dan , Xie Lili 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dual demographic changes in massive rural-to-urban labour migration and population ageing have significantly impacted the lives of older adults, who have either been left behind in rural regions or migrated to urban areas. While many extant studies on migration and wellbeing of older adults have focused on either migrating or left-behind older adults, a very limited number of studies have directly compared these two groups. Utilising data from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey, this study examines the impacts of different migration patterns (i.e.migrating older adults, left-behind older adults and non-migrating older adults) on the social networks and mental health of older adults in rural China. Structural equation modelling results showed that older adults who have been left behind reported weaker family ties and poorer mental health than the other older adults. Moreover, weakened family ties increased older adults’ risk of developing mental health problems. Older migrants reported the lowest level of depressive symptoms among the three groups of older adults. However, migration may be associated with poorer mental health among the older migrants due to the shrinking/weakening of family/friendship ties.
CHARLES WESLEY, METHODISM AND NEW ART MUSIC IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: CLARKE MARTIN V. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article considers eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Methodism's relationship with art music through the original settings of poetry by Charles Wesley by five notable musicians: John Frederick Lampe, George Frideric Handel, Jonathan Battishill, Charles Wesley junior and Samuel Wesley. It argues that the strong emphasis on congregational singing in popular and scholarly perceptions of Methodism, including within the movement itself, masks a more varied engagement with musical culture. The personal musical preferences of John and Charles Wesley brought them into contact with several leading musical figures in eighteenth-century London and initiated a small corpus of original musical settings of some of the latter's hymns. The article examines the textual and musical characteristics of these the better to understand their relationship with both eighteenth-century Methodism and fashionable musical culture of the period. It argues that Methodism was not, contrary to popular perception, uniformly opposed to or detached from the aesthetic considerations of artistic culture, that eighteenth-century Methodism and John and Charles Wesley cannot be regarded as synonymous and that, in this period, sacred music encompasses rather more than church music and cannot be narrowly defined in opposition to secular music.
Effects of the Assimilation of Relative Humidity Reproduced From T‐PARCII and Himawari‐8 Satellite Imagery Using Dynamical Initialization and Ocean‐Coupled Model: A Case Study of Typhoon Lan (2017)
Authors: Lee Jae‐Deok , Park Doo‐Sun R. , Ito Kosuke , Wu Chun‐Chieh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEffects of the assimilation of relative humidity (RH) reproduced from dropsonde data from the Tropical cyclones‐Pacific Asian Research Campaign for Improvement of Intensity estimations/forecasts (T‐PARCII) campaign and Himawari‐8 satellite data on the simulation of Typhoon Lan (2017) were investigated herein using a weather research and forecasting model. The lateral boundary and initial conditions were obtained from Global Forecast System (GFS) forecast data. Four experiments varying from the initial vortex, assimilation of the reproduced RH (ARH), and ocean model (OCEAN, three‐dimensional Price‐Weller‐Pinkel upper‐ocean circulation model) activation were conducted for 42 h to evaluate tropical cyclone (TC) forecast performance: the GFS experiment and dynamical initialization (DI) experiments such as DI, DI‐OCEAN, and DI‐ARH‐OCEAN, respectively. All track forecast errors were less than 100 km until landfall, that is, up to 36 h. TC intensity forecasts such as the minimum sea‐level pressure and maximum surface wind speed were slightly improved in DI‐related experiments compared to the GFS experiment. The DI‐ARH‐OCEAN experiment, in particular, demonstrated improvements in both TC forecasts and convective areas. The ocean‐coupled experiments yielded significant sea surface temperature cooling in the rear‐right quadrant of TC, forming a stable boundary layer that could suppress the convective activity, particularly in the lower troposphere. These findings support that compared to the original DI method, ARH could improve initial conditions, resulting in more accurate TC forecasts. Furthermore, it may argue the necessity and urgency of regular aircraft surveillance of TCs in the western North Pacific area.