bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The microbial burden load of eggshells from different poultry rearing systems in Ekosodin Village, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oviasogie Efosa F. , Ogboghodo Blessing I. , Beshiru A , Omoregie Osahon B. , Ogofure Providence , Ogofure Goodness A. 
Published: June 2021

Eggs are valuable source of food used throughout the world to feed the ever growing world population. Majority of freshly laid eggs are sterile, however, the shells soon become contaminated with litter droppings and dust present in the environment. In this study, the microbial load of egg shell from different poultry system in Ekosodin, Edo State was evaluated. The results obtained from the study revealed that eggshell samples from different poultry rearing systems (battery cage, deep litter and free-range chicken eggs) were contaminated with bacterial and fungal species of public health concern. Microbial species isolated from eggshells were Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Bacillus cereus, Enteroccocus faecalis and Proteus mirabillis for the bacterial isolates while the fungi isolates include Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. The bacterial and fungal load of free-range chicken eggshell ranged from 9. 7 ± 0.7 x 104 to 1. 27 ± 0.2 x 105 and 7. 0 ± 0.5 x 103 to 2. 2 ± 0.5 x 104 cfu/g respectively. Bacterial and fungal counts were 3. 3 ± 0.8 x 104 to 7. 4 ± 0.5 x 104 and 1. 1 ± 0.1 x 104 to 1. 6 ± 0.4 x 104 cfu/g for battery cage eggshells and 6. 8 ± 0.9 x 104 to 1. 38 ± 0.5 x 105 and 2.0 ± 0.3 x 104 to 3. 7 ± 0.5 x 104 cfu/g for deep litter eggshells respectively. Statistically, the mean fungi count of deep litter egg shells samples differed significantly (P<0.05) from the mean fungal count of battery cage and free-range chicken eggshells. Also, the mean bacterial count of battery cage egg shells differed significantly from deep litter and free-range chicken eggshells (P<0.05). The presence of these microorganisms on eggshell might constitute a serious risk to consumers. Proper education to enlighten retailers and consumers by the government on microbial quality of table eggs is important. Proper sanitation and battery cage system of rearing eggs should be encouraged.Keywords: Deep litter system, battery cage system, eggshell microbial load, microbial quality of table eggs
Evaluation of electrical and thermal conductivity of polymeric wastes after being doped with charcoal and graphite
Authors: Uleanya Kelechi Ogochukwu 
Published: June 2021

This work being gingered by the big menace being posed on our environment by polymeric waste and it’s rechanneling involved the studying of the electrical and thermal conductivities of the polymers PP, PE, PS and nylon66 doped with charcoal and graphite. Five grams of each polymer was mixed with varying concentrations of the dopants (charcoal and graphite).0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25% and 1.5% concentrations of the dopants were used to mix five grams of each of the polymers. The mixture on melting with heat application was compressed in a wooden mold to form tablets of the doped polymers. On testing for the electrical and thermal conductivities of the doped polymers it was observed that both conductivities were greatly enhanced as the concentrations of the dopants increased. Hence it is evident that those polymeric materials on further modifications can be used for other purposes especially in the industries for example producing capacitors other than being littered and disposed in the environment.Keywords: Polymers, Environment, Pollutant, Dopant, and conductivities
Effects of temperature and growing seasons on crop water requirement: implications on water savings
Authors: Abbas Abdullah , Shakhawat Chowdhury 
Published: June 2021

Water savings can be improved through reducing agricultural water consumption. The crop water requirement (CWR) depends on several factors including temperature and growing seasons. This study investigated the effects of temperature and growing seasons on CWR in Saudi Arabia. Increase in temperature by 1°C increased the CWR by 1.9 - 2.9%, 1.9 – 3.0% and 2.2 – 3.8% for dates, alfalfa and wheat respectively. Total CWR was estimated to be 8713 million cubic meters in 2011, which showed an increase of 1.8 – 2.9% for 1°C increase in temperature. CWR for wheat was more sensitive to growing seasons than dates and alfalfa. Empirical relationship was developed to predict the effects of growing seasons on CWR for wheat while changes in CWR for dates and alfalfa were not significant. Through shifting growing seasons and minimizing the effects of temperature for the major crops, significant amount of groundwater may be saved, which can reduce the production of costly desalinated water. Keywords: Water resources; conservation; crop water requirement; temperature; growing seasons; policy
Immobilization of toxic metal cations on goethite-amended soils: a remediation strategy
Authors: Mokwenye Ifesinachi I. , Diagboya Paul N. , Oluowolabi Bamidele I. , Anigbogu Ikenna O. , Owamah Hilary I. 
Published: June 2021

The study investigates a simple and viable option to reduce toxic metals mobility and availability in four surface (0–30cm) soils with varying physicochemical properties amended by different percentages of goethite. Batch sorption experiments carried out to study the effectiveness of immobilizing Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions on these soils showed that goethite played vital role in the metals adsorption (≥10% increase in adsorption). Removal of soil iron oxides caused reduced Pb2+ adsorption on soils with high organic matter (≤ 10% decrease in adsorption) with no significant increase in adsorption upon amendment, while soils having low organic matter had enhanced adsorption with amendment. Cu2+ and Cd2+ adsorptions were not enhanced even at 10% goethite amendment. However, Zn2+ adsorption was interestingly different: the soils showed ≥55 % increases upon removal of inherent soil iron oxides without goethite amendment. Goethite amendments further enhanced Zn2+ adsorption on these soils. Generally, both whole and amended soils showed higher preference for Pb2+; the sorption trend is – Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Zn2+ >Cd2+. Goethite amendment of these soils improved Pb2+ and Zn2+ adsorption. Hence, goethite amendment may be an effective method for immobilizing Pb2+ and Zn2+ on these soils and thus reducing their availability to biota. The quantity of goethite required by a soil to attain maximum immobilization varies depending on the metal and the soil’s physicochemical properties; however, Cu2+ and Cd2+ may not be effectively immobilized using goethite amendment.Keywords: Soil; Goethite; Toxic metals; Adsorption, Remediation
Effects of elevated soil carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil chemical properties in Sutton Bonington Campus of the University of Nottingham, UK
Authors: Biose Ekene , Amaechi Chika Floyd , Nnaji Godwin Uche , Biose Osadebe , Erhunmwunse Nosakhare Osazee 
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effects of elevated soil carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on spring wheat and soil chemical properties in the Sutton Bonington Campus, of the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom using Artificial Soil Gassing and Response Detection (ASGARD) facility which controls CO2 injection into the soil. Eight plots (each 2.5 x 2.5m) were laid out within the experimental area and used for the study and were treated with high CO2 concentrations (area within 75cm from the point of injection), low CO2 concentration (area farther than 75 cm from the point of CO2 injection) and no CO2 concentration (control) at CO2 injection rate of 1.0l/min from a source point 60cm below the soil for eight (8) weeks. The variability of CO2 concentrations were determined by 3D and barholing method. The wheat plant showed visible symptoms of wilting, chlorosis and poor development within 15- 21 days of gassing. Gassing at the rate of 1.0l/min resulted in reduced plant height and a 60% decrease in chlorophyll content of wheat plant exposed to high CO2 concentrations when compared with control plots. The soil pH for the control plots at the depth of 15-30 cm was 6.31 and 6.7 after injection, showing a difference of 0.39. At the depth of 45-60 cm, the pH before injection was 5.89 while post injection was 6.39, showing a difference of 0.5. The study showed that organic carbon at 45-60cm depth of soil ranged from 2.54% to 2.58% with a mean value of 3.26%, while carbonate content ranged from 0.73 to 0.77%. Furthermore, at 45-60cm depth of soil after injection, the mean value of K across all experimental plots was 64.16 mg/lK, available P content ranged from 15.4 to 16.9 mg/lP, N content ranged from 11.2 to 16.9 mg/lN, Ca ranged from 1000 to 1300 mg/lCa, Mg ranged from 158 to168 mg/lMg while at 15-30cm depth of soil, Na range from low to moderate (10.16–10.2 mg/l Na). There was no significant difference (P<0.05) or changes in mineralogical content of the soil properties studied.Keywords: controlled injection; CO2; soil chemical properties, soil depth
Cultivation Possibilities of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey
Authors: YENKALAYCI Ahmet , Mahmut GUNES  , Kemal GUL  
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to determine yield and quality characteristics of Lemon balm (M. officinalis L.) in in 7 districts (7 locations) under Kayseri ecological conditions for 3 years in 2015-2017. In this research, herbage yield, essential oil content, essential oil yield and components were determined. Dry herbage yields varied between 5250-6100 kg ha-1, essential oil contents varied between 0.07-0.24%, and essential oil yields as 4.2 lt ha-1. The main essential oil components were gereniol (1.90-20.77%), nerylacetate (1.13-34.63%), linalool (4.04-25.34%), neral (5.10-12.96%), caryophylleneoxide (0.78-15.17%), geranial (1.20-14.19%), β–caryophyllene (8.50-12.93%). In terms of herbage yield and essential oil quality, Yahyalı and Kocasinan districts, had favorable environmental conditions for lemon balm cultivation.
Actitud y conocimiento docente en el área de matemática ante resultados del ciclo diversificado según prueba diagnóstica del MINEDUC 2018
Authors: Panjoj Mosquit Tomás Vicente 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo de investigación se orientó a la correspondencia que tiene la actitud y nivel de conocimiento del docente de matemática al momento de facilitar las clases, para ello se tomó como muestra a 20 docentes que facilitan el curso de matemática en centros educativos del sector público nivel medio ciclo diversificado del municipio de Santa Cruz del Quiché, departamento de Quiché. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la actitud y el nivel de conocimiento del docente de matemática tienen gran incidencia con el nivel de aprendizaje y bajo desempeño que el estudiante manifestó en la prueba diagnóstica aplicada por la Dirección General de Evaluación e Investigación Educativa del Ministerio de Educación de Guatemala (DIGEDUCA, 2019).
Según lo anterior se hace necesaria hacer una reflexión del perfil que debe tener el docente de matemática e implementar estrategias que fortalezcan la actitud empática y la metodología con la que el docente facilita las clases de matemática.
Significados atribuidos a la práctica de actividad física, ejercicio físico y deporte como medio de configuración de redes sociales y participación ciudadana (Meanings attributed to the practice of physical activity, physical exercise and sport as a mean
Authors: Flores Rivera Carol , Luna Villouta Pablo , Fuentealba Urra Sergio , Garrido Méndez Alex , Muñoz Sabando Gissela , Torres Esparza Angela 
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo indagar acerca de los significados que le dan los habitantes de la población Juan Pablo Segundo a la práctica de actividad física, ejercicio físico y deporte en espacios públicos como medio de configuración de redes sociales y fomento de la participación ciudadana. Para efectos de esta investigación se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, desde una perspectiva fenomenológica. Se trabajó por medio de entrevistas en profundidad que se aplicaron a pobladores típicos y a personajes emblemáticos de la población Juan Pablo Segundo, ubicada en la comuna de Concepción. Estas entrevistas fueron razonadas por medio del análisis de contenido, utilizando la herramienta informática “Atlas ti 6.0” para el análisis de los datos. Los resultados arrojaron que existen múltiples factores, tanto facilitadores como obstaculizadores de la práctica de actividad física, ejercicio físico y deporte en espacios públicos, convirtiéndose esta práctica en una condición que permite fomentar la participación ciudadana, a su vez resulta un mecanismo poderoso que facilita la interacción favorable entre las personas que comparten intereses en común, generando verdaderas redes sociales que en definitiva contribuyen a garantizar la cohesión social, aportando positivamente en los procesos de asociatividad, promoviendo así la participación ciudadana.
Abstract: The present research aimed to investigate the meanings that the inhabitants of the Juan Pablo Segundo population give to the practice of physical activity, physical exercise and sport in public spaces as a means of setting up social networks and promoting citizen participation. For the purposes of this research, the qualitative methodology was used, from a phenomenological perspective. It was worked through in-depth interviews that were applied to typical settlers and emblematic characters of the Juan Pablo Segundo population, located in the Concepción commune. These interviews were reasoned through content analysis, using the computer tool "Atlas ti 6.0" for data analysis. The results showed that there are multiple factors, both facilitators and obstacles to the practice of physical activity, physical exercise and sport in public spaces, making this practice a condition that allows promoting citizen participation, in turn it is a powerful mechanism that facilitates participation. Favorable interaction between people who share common interests, generating true social networks that ultimately contribute to guaranteeing social cohesion, contributing positively to associative processes, thus promoting citizen participation.
Retrospective Study on Clinico-Pathological Presentations and Complications of Parotidectomy
Authors: Günebakan Çağlar , Kuzu Selçuk , Kahveci Orhan Kemal , Bucak Abdulkadir , Ulu Şahin 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Salivary gland tumors are rarely seen. It constitutes approximately 3% of all head-neck tumors. 75-80% of these tumors originate from the parotid gland. In this study, 98 patients who underwent parotidectomy in a tertiary otorhinolaryngology clinic were analyzed retrospectively, the frequency of different pathologies and our treatment modalities for parotid masses are presented in the light of current literature.
Materials and Methods
In this study, 98 patients who underwent parotidectomy in our clinic between 2011 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, the frequency of different pathologies, our treatment approach, and complications of treatment for parotid masses are presented in the light of current literature.
Results
The mean age was 48 years (between the range of 7-82 years). 41 cases were female and 57 cases were male. In the results of FNAB, there were 65 (66%) benign cases, 28 (29%) malignancy suspects and 5 (5%) malignant cases, 68 (69%) benign cases, and 30 (31%) malignant cases in surgical pathologies. The most frequent lesion of all parotid masses was pleomorphic adenoma (24%). The most common benign lesion was pleomorphic adenoma (35%) and the most frequent malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (27%). The most common surgery type was superficial parotidectomy (82 cases). The most common complication was marginal mandibular nerve paresis (6).
Conclusion
The treatment modality of the parotid tumors varies from case to case according to the nature of the tumor and extension.
A Comparative Study between the Efficacy of Intratympanic Steroid Injection and Conventional Medical Treatment in Resistant Cases of Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Hembrom Rabi , Singh Mukesh Kumar , Ghosh Sabyasachi , Gon Sabyasachi , Das Indranil , Mahata Tapas Kumar , Bhaumik Subanta 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a multifactorial disease and the treatment options for it are limited and controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of intratympanic steroid injection and conventional medical treatment in resistant cases of OME with hearing loss.
Materials and Methods
A comparative study was conducted among 20 patients of OME with hearing loss, resistant to conventional medical treatment between December 2019 to November 2020. ‘Intratympanic dexamethasone injection’ (ITDI) was given every week for 3 consecutive weeks to one group and the other group continued to receive medical treatment. Hearing was assessed by performing pure tone audiogram before every ITDI and also at 12 weeks follow up after completion of treatment.
Results
Hearing improvement was found to be better in the group which received ITDI (Mean AC-PTA hearing gain = 22.88 dB) than the group where conventional medical treatment was continued (Mean AC-PTA hearing gain = 6.83 dB).
Conclusion
Intratympanic dexamethasone injection has significantly better outcome in term of improvement of hearing loss in resistant cases of OME than conventional medical management, and is an effective and safe therapy.
Pengaruh Kualiti Perkhidmatan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelajar Kolej Swasta di Negeri Sabah
Authors: Muhammad Mazni , Talip Roslee , Taat Muhammad Suhaimi 
Published: June 2021

Kepuasan pelanggan merupakan satu aspek penting yang sering diberi perhatian oleh para pembekal produk terutama pihak swasta. Sebarang penambahbaikan mutu produk adalah berdasarkan kepada pandangan dan cadangan daripada pelanggan. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti kepuasan pelanggan terhadap kualiti perkhidmatan yang disediakan di kolej-kolej swasta di negeri Sabah serta melihat perbezaan tahap kepuasan di antara pelajar kolej-kolej swasta terhadap kualiti perkhidmatan yang disediakan yang merangkumi pengurusan bilik kuliah dan pengurusan perpustakaan. Teori SERVQUAL yang melibatkan lima dimensi iaitu kebolehpercayaan (reliability), jaminan (assurance), bukti fizikal (tangibles), empati (empathy) dan responsif (responsiveness) telah digunakan dalam kajian ini bagi mengukur tahap kepuasan pelanggan. Satu set borang soal selidik yang mengandungi 69 item telah diguna pakai dalam kajian ini. Set soal selidik ini perlu dijawab oleh semua responden yang dipilih secara rawak yang melibatkan pelajar-pelajar kolej swasta di Sabah. Seramai 347 orang responden yang telah menjawab soal selidik tersebut. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa kualiti perkhidmatan berada pada skor min yang tinggi iaitu M= 3.77. Secara keseluruhannya dapatan dari kajian ini bahawa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kualiti perkhidmatan dengan kepuasan pelajar kolej-kolej swasta di negeri Sabah.
MOBILIZAÇÕES A FAVOR E CONTRA A RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA DO LITORAL SUL DE SERGIPE / Mobilizations for and against the Reserva Extrativista Litoral Sul of Sergipe / Movilizaciones a favor y en contra de la Reserva Extractivista Litoral Sur de Sergipe
Authors: Mota Dalva María da , Silva Júnior Amintas da , Schmitz Heribert 
Published: June 2021

O artigo trata da participação do Movimento das Catadoras de Mangaba (MCM) no processo de mobilização para a demarcação da Reserva Extrativista (Resex) Litoral Sul de Sergipe. Muito embora a garantia de acesso aos recursos naturais fosse uma demanda histórica do MCM e a Resex sinalizasse para tal, a mobilização não se constituiu em unanimidade no Movimento. Assim, o objetivo do artigo foi analisar consensos e dissensos no processo de mobilização para a criação da Resex entre as catadoras de mangaba. A pesquisa deu-se com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa por meio de observações e entrevistas com catadoras de mangaba e seus aliados nos quatro municípios a serem alcançados pela Resex entre 2007 a 2019. As principais conclusões mostram que: i) para as catadoras favoráveis, a Resex representava a garantia de acesso aos recursos e regras mais rígidas para a conservação; ii) para as catadoras contrárias, representava um conjunto de incertezas com risco de perder bens possuídos; iii) o MCM esteve em eventos públicos e constituiu aliados, mas não conseguiu construir localmente uma base de apoio “para dentro” entre as catadoras; e iv) outros atores (internos e externos) jogaram com a ideia do “atraso” que a Resex representava e com mecanismos de coerção para inibir grupos de catadoras. Como citar este artigo:MOTA, Dalva Maria da; SILVA JÚNIOR, Amintas da; SCHMITZ, Heribert. Mobilizações a favor e contra a Reserva Extrativista do Litoral Sul de Sergipe. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 57, p. 127- 157, Dossiê I ELAMSS, 2021.
Isolamento de fungos em esmaltes utilizados em salão de beleza
Authors: Do Livramento Andréa 
Published: June 2021

A manipulação de materiais biológicos por profissionais como manicures e pedicures implica no risco de transmissão de diversos microrganismos. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a contaminação fúngica em esmaltes provenientes de salões de beleza. Foram analisadas 101 amostras de esmaltes de diferentes cores e marcas comerciais de quatro salões de beleza. Os esmaltes foram cultivados em meio contendo Agar Sabouraud dextosado, com e sem inibidores. A identificação presuntiva das leveduras foi feita através de triagem em meio cromogênico. Assim, observou-se o crescimento fúngico em 2,97% dos esmaltes analisados. O gênero Candida foi o único fungo isolado das amostras. Através do método cromogênico, identificou-se duas cepas como Candida krusei e uma como Candida spp. Os resultados deste estudo demostraram que os esmaltes podem ser um fômite para a transmissão de agentes fúngicos.
EFEKTIFITAS PRAKTIKUM BIOKIMIA BERBASIS LABORATORY VIRTUAL DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: STUDI KOMPARASI PRAKTIKUM LURING DAN DARING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATERI PROTEIN PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Astuti Rina , Setianingsih Gakuh Munia , Rahayu Samia 
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Pembelajaran yang diselenggarakan di perguruan tinggi harus selaras dengan paradigma pembelajaran abad 21, dimana mahasiswa diharapkan aktif dan kreatif mengembangkan potensinya. Hakikat dan karakteristik pembelajaran abad 21 tercermin dalam pembelajaran sains yang mengacu 3 hal seperti proses, produk dan sikap dapat terlihat pada metode pembelajaran berbasis praktikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil praktikum selama masa pandemi Covid-19 yang dilakukan dengan daring dan selama luring yaitu sebelum adanya pandemi yang melanda indonesia bahkan dunia. Metode yang di gunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan metode komparasi. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji independent sample t-Test dimana subjeknya merupakan peserta didik dengan kelas yang berbeda dengan diberikan dua perlakuan pembelajaran yang berbeda, yaitu luring dan daring.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktikum riil atau luring lebih baik dan efektif daripada praktikum dalam jaringan (daring).