bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the relationship between the friction coefficient and interference in locomotive axle press-fitting
Authors: Wang Ting , Guo Hanfei , Qiao Jianjun , Liu Xiaoxue , Fan Zhixin 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo address the lack of data in this field and determine the relationship between the coefficient of friction and the interference between locomotive wheels and axles, this study evaluates the theoretical relationship between the coefficient of friction and the interference under elastic deformation.Design/methodology/approachWhen using numerical analyses to study the mechanical state of the contacting components of the wheels and axle, the interference between the axle parts and the coefficient of friction between the axle parts are two important influencing factors. Currently, as the range of the coefficient of friction between the wheel and axle in interference remains unknown, it is generally considered that the coefficient of friction is only related to the materials of the friction pair; the relationship between the interference and the coefficient of friction is often neglected.FindingsA total of 520 press-fitting experiments were conducted for 130 sets of wheels and axles of the HXD2 locomotive with 4 types of interferences, in order to obtain the relationship between the coefficient of friction between the locomotive wheel and axle and the amount of interference. These results are expected to serve as a reference for selecting the coefficient of friction when designing axle structures with the rolling stock, research on the press-fitting process and evaluations of the fatigue life.Originality/valueThe study provides a basis for the selection of friction coefficient and interference amount in the design of locomotive wheels and axles.
The digital age is transforming job descriptions, especially for CEOs
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
To implement a customer-centric vision in the digital era requires leadership that champions principles, processes and practices that promote customer value and corporate agility.

Design/methodology/approach
In the digital age organization the CEO’s job description, and those of all the leadership team, will require radical redesign.

Findings
A successful digital-age CEO is an entrepreneur with a passion for creating new value for customers and a preoccupation with strategic agility and discerning new business opportunities.

Practical/implications
Perhaps the most critical feature of digital-era CEOs’ jobs is their focus on the continuous creation of new businesses.

Originality/value
A successful digital-age CEO is an entrepreneur with a passion for creating new value for customers and a preoccupation with strategic agility and discerning new business opportunities.
Transcription factor EB enhances autophagy and ameliorates palmitate‐induced insulin resistance at least partly via upregulating AMPK activity in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Wang Ping , Li Chun Guang , Zhou Xian , Ding Shuzhe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in protecting C2C12 myotubes against palmitate (PA)‐induced insulin resistance (IR) and explored its mechanism associated with autophagy. PA treatment significantly decreased insulin sensitivity in myotubes and downregulated TFEB protein expression. TFEB overexpression significantly reversed the PA‐suppressed glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and improved intracellular glucose uptake and consumption, and also alleviated the decrease of autophagy markers induced by PA. The effect of TFEB overexpression on GLUT4 was also abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA. In addition, AMPKɑ2‐DN inhibited or abolished the effects of TFEB overexpression on upregulation of GLUT4 and PA‐induced decrease of autophagy marker expressions. Taken together, our data demonstrated that upregulation of TFEB improved PA‐induced IR in C2C12 myotubes by enhancing autophagy and upregulating AMPK activity. TFEB, as a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells, may be a potential therapeutic target for IR and Type 2 diabetes.
Does Advertising Productivity Affect Organizational Performance? Impact of Market Conditions
Authors: Rahman Mahabubur , Rodríguez‐Serrano M. Ángeles , Hughes Mathew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvertising is crucial in influencing customers’ perceptions and purchase intentions, and numerous studies have investigated whether advertising expenditure has any significant impact on financial performance. A thorough understanding remains elusive: while several studies document a positive impact, others report that advertising has either a negative or a statistically insignificant effect. Three flaws among existing studies are responsible for this problem: bundling advertising with other forms of marketing, the inadequacy of expenditure as a measure and a failure to consider contingencies. Deviating from earlier studies, we examine the effect of advertising productivity on firm performance rather than the impact of the absolute amount of advertising expenditure. Moreover, adopting a contingency approach, we evaluate how market conditions of market dynamism, market complexity and market munificence moderate the relationship between advertising productivity and organizational performance. Drawing a multi‐industry sample from the USA, this study demonstrates that advertising productivity has a positive impact on capital market‐based performance measures, conditional on market conditions. We reveal new insights into when, why and to what extent advertising contributes (or not) to organizations’ financial performance.
Effectuation Logic and Early Innovation Success: The Moderating Effect of Customer Co‐creation
Authors: Ko Guihan , Roberts Deborah. L. , Perks Helen , Candi Marina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research examines whether and how customer co‐creation activities moderate the relationship between effectuation logic and performance in the early stage of the innovation process. Effectuation logic is a promising decision‐making logic for innovation success, but the tools that help translate this approach into innovation performance are under‐researched. Three key dimensions of effectuation logic are examined: means‐driven, partnerships and control. The results of a large‐scale survey‐based study indicate a varied and nuanced role of co‐creation as a means to enhance the contribution of effectuation logic to early innovation success. This research helps increase our understanding of the often abstract principles of effectuation logic by examining its manifestation within the context of innovation and by showing how specific firm practices, here customer co‐creation activities, can accentuate the contribution of effectuation logic to early innovation performance.
Unusual soot pattern from suicidal handgun wound
Authors: Cohle Stephen D. , Crump Jeff 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoot is deposited from 20–30 cm from the muzzle of most handguns and arranged concentrically around the entry wound. We examined a case of a self‐inflicted gunshot wound from a 9‐mm pistol that left an unusual pattern of soot deposition consisting of two circular 3‐mm deposits of soot located 2 cm from the entry wound. Examination of the weapon and test‐firing it against a cloth reproduced the soot deposits, which were caused by two ports on the top of the barrel. Examination of the weapon and comparing the barrel with the entry wound and surrounding skin may provide important information about the type of weapon, the muzzle‐to‐target distance, and atypical soot deposits.
Optimization of artificial feeding system for mass rearing of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus
Authors: Hwang Seoyul , Kim Donghun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe efficient mass‐rearing systems of Aedes mosquitoes is a critical step for physiological study and for the development of novel control methods. Various species of mosquito had been widely maintained by an artificial feeding system, which needs to be optimized for mass rearing in the laboratory. For optimization of Aedes albopictus mass rearing, the effect of differences in blood meal and time‐of‐day for blood feeding on mosquito fitness was examined by comparing blood feeding rate, the number of eggs laid, egg hatching rate, and the period of time for development. Heparin or EDTA‐treated whole blood (horse, swine, and bovine) and defibrinated blood (horse and sheep) were provided to the Asian tiger mosquito at either 8:00 or 18:00. Heparinized ATP swine blood‐fed females laid significantly larger number of eggs than those of horse/bovine blood‐fed females at 18:00. While heparinized ATP‐free bovine blood‐fed females laid the largest number of eggs, although it was not significantly different in morning feeders. The hatching rate was not significantly different among progeny. Offspring from females fed blood meal at 18:00 showed a significantly shorter period of time for development when compared to those of females fed blood meal at 08:00. Interestingly, the rate of blood feeding was not significantly different between ATP‐free animal blood and ATP animal blood. Taken together, we suggest that mass rearing of A. albopictus should consider time‐of‐day for feeding and selection of animal blood.
Antimicrobial resistance: progress and challenges in antibiotic discovery and anti‐infective therapy
Authors: Krell Tino , Matilla Miguel A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe alarming rise in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in human, animal and plant pathogens is challenging global health and food production. Traditional strategies used for antibiotic discovery persistently result in the re‐isolation of known compounds, calling for the need to develop more rational strategies to identify new antibiotics. Additionally, anti‐infective therapy approaches targeting bacterial signalling pathways related to virulence is emerging as an alternative to the use of antibiotics. In this perspective article, we critically analyse approaches aimed at revitalizing the identification of new antibiotics and to advance antivirulence therapies. The development of high‐throughput in vivo, in vitro and in silico platforms, together with the progress in chemical synthesis, analytical chemistry and structural biology, are reviving a research area that is of tremendous relevance for global health.
Impacts of NaOCl and Irritrol irrigation solutions with/without autoclave sterilisation on the cyclic fatigue resistance of different nickel‐titanium files
Authors: Kermeoglu Fatma , Abduljalil Mohamad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research aimed to examine the impact of NaOCl and Irritrol solutions with/without autoclave sterilisation on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc NiTi files. Seventy files in every group were separated into seven subgroups (n = 10) according to irrigation solutions and sterilisation procedures. The mean and standard deviations of the time to fracture was calculated for each group, and the data statistical analysis was performed (P ≤ 0.05). Significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance was found in Reciproc files than the other types of files. The differences between the control and other subgroups were found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05), except for subgroups 5 and 7 (P ≤ 0.05). Immersing NiTi files in NaOCl or Irritrol with sterilisation for three times considerably reduced the cyclic fatigue resistance of these files. Reciproc files exhibited the highest cyclic fatigue resistance in comparison with ProTaper and WaveOne Gold files.
Barriers to uptaking HIV testing among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review of qualitative findings
Authors: Razzaq Amina , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Alam Ashraful 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is a gateway to HIV treatment, care and preventive services for pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Despite this, uptake of HIV testing is not optimal among pregnant women in many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and it could negatively impact the effectiveness of prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV programs.AimTo understand the factors that hinder the uptake of HIV testing among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in LMICs.Materials and methodsA systematic search of the CINAHL, EMBASE, JSTOR, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases was performed. We limited the search to peer‐reviewed qualitative studies including mixed method studies. The titles and abstracts of the retrieved publications were screened for relevance then information was extracted.ResultsOur search yielded 2179 citations, out of which 312 full‐text articles were reviewed and 22 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. We found that a lack of HIV testing kits, poor health infrastructure and shortage of healthcare workers were the main health system‐related factors. Poor HIV knowledge, fear of HIV test results, HIV‐related stigma and social exclusion negatively influenced pregnant women’s decision to be tested for HIV.ConclusionThis review has identified that pregnant women faced a wide range of health system, individual, social and lack of women’s empowerment related challenges that negatively influenced the uptake of HIV testing among pregnant women in LMICs. Our findings would be useful in developing strategies to overcome barriers that could enhance the uptake of HIV testing among pregnant women.
Antenatal steroids and neurodevelopment in 12‐year‐old children born extremely preterm
Authors: Kochukhova Olga , Fredriksson Kaul Ylva , Johansson Martin , Montgomery Cecilia , Holmström Gerd , Strand Brodd Katarina , Hellström‐Westas Lena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate neurodevelopmental outcome in 12‐year‐old children born very preterm in relation to perinatal, neonatal and socioeconomic variables. To examine whether previously described positive effects of antenatal steroids on cognition persist at 12 years.MethodsProspective cohort, 78 children with gestational ages 22.7–31.9 weeks, born in 2004–2007 and examined at 12 years of age with cognitive, motor and visual motor integration tasks and compared to an age‐matched control group (n = 50). Two preterm subgroups were studied: very preterm children (28–31 gestational weeks, n = 53) and extremely preterm children (22–27 gestational weeks, n = 25).ResultsThe preterm children had significantly lower scores on all cognitive, motor and visual motor integration tasks than the controls. Gestational age and maternal education influenced associations differently in the two preterm subgroups. Also, severe retinopathy of prematurity demonstrated strong associations to outcome. In the extremely preterm group, administration of antenatal steroids was associated with better cognition, basic attention, word generation and motor skills.ConclusionAt 12 years of age, very preterm children born in the 2000s still have deficits across several neurodevelopmental domains compared to term‐born peers. Administration of antenatal steroids has long‐lasting associations to cognition and motor skills in extremely preterm‐born children.
UK national bladder outlet obstruction surgery snapshot audit
Authors: Aning Jonathan J. , Calvert Robert C. , Harding Chris , Fowler Sarah , Nitkunan Tharani , Lee Su‐Min , McGrath John S. , Cresswell Joanne , Hagan Patricia , Hermans Louisa , Dickinson Andrew J. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the preoperative assessment and perioperative outcomes of men undergoing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) surgery in the UK.Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of all men undergoing BOO surgery in 105 UK hospitals over a 1‐month period. The study included 1456 men, of whom 42% were catheter dependent prior to undergoing surgery.ResultsThere was no evidence that a frequency–volume chart or urinary symptom questionnaire had been completed in 73% or 50% of men, respectively in the non‐catheter‐dependent group. Bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was the most common BOO surgical procedure performed (38%). Monopolar TURP was the next most prevalent modality (23%); however, minimally invasive BOO surgical procedures combined accounted for 17% of all procedures performed. Of the cohort 5% of men had complications within 30 days of surgery, only 1% had Clavien–Dindo Grade ≥III complications. Less than 1% of the cohort received a blood transfusion after BOO surgery and 2% were re‐admitted to hospital after their BOO surgery. In total only 4% of the whole cohort were catheter dependent after BOO surgery. Pre‐ and postoperative paired International Prostate Symptom Score scores reviewed suggest that minimally invasive surgical procedures achieved comparable levels of improvement in both symptoms and bother at 3 months postoperatively in men who were not catheter dependent preoperatively.ConclusionsThere has been a substantial shift in the available choice of procedure for BOO surgery around the UK in recent years. However, men can be reassured that overall BOO surgery treatments are safe and effective. Evidence of adherence to guidelines in the preoperative assessment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms undergoing surgery was poorly documented and must be improved.
Type 2 immunity‐driven diseases: Towards a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Hassoun Dorian , Malard Olivier , Barbarot Sébastien , Magnan Antoine , Colas Luc 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAsthma, atopic dermatitis and chronic rhinoconjunctivitis are highly heterogeneous. However, epidemiologic associations exist between phenotypic groups of patients. Atopic march is one such association but is not the only common point. Indeed, beyond such phenotypes, hallmarks of type 2 immunity have been found in these diseases involving immune dysregulation as well as environmental triggers and epithelial dysfunction. From the canonical Th2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13), new cellular and molecular actors arise, from the epithelium's alarmins to new innate immune cells. Their interactions are now better understood across the different environmental barriers, and slight differences appeared. In parallel, the development of type 2‐targeting biotherapies not only raised hope to treat those diseases but also raised new questions regarding their true pathophysiological involvement. Here, we review the place of type 2 immunity in the different phenotypes of asthma, chronic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and atopic dermatitis, highlighting nuances between them. New hypotheses rising from the use of biotherapies will be discussed along with the uncertainties and unmet needs of this field.
Prenatal exome sequencing: A useful tool for the fetal neurologist
Authors: de Koning Maayke A. , Hoffer Mariëtte J. V. , Nibbeling Esther A. R. , Bijlsma Emilia K. , Toirkens Menno J. P. , Adama‐Scheltema Phebe N. , Verweij E. Joanne , Veenhof Marieke B. , Santen Gijs W. E. , Peeters‐Scholte Cacha M. P. C. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrenatal exome sequencing (pES) is a promising tool for diagnosing genetic disorders when structural anomalies are detected on prenatal ultrasound. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic yield and clinical impact of pES as an additional modality for fetal neurologists who counsel parents in case of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS). We assessed 20 pregnancies of 19 couples who were consecutively referred to the fetal neurologist for CNS anomalies. pES had a diagnostic yield of 53% (10/19) with most diagnosed pregnancies having agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (7/10). Overall clinical impact was 63% (12/19), of which the pES result aided parental decision making in 55% of cases (6/11), guided perinatal management in 75% of cases (3/4), and was helpful in approving a late termination of pregnancy request in 75% of cases (3/4). Our data suggest that pES had a high diagnostic yield when CNS anomalies are present, although this study is limited by its small sample size. Moreover, pES had substantial clinical impact, which warrants implementation of pES in the routine care of the fetal neurologist in close collaboration with gynecologists and clinical geneticists.
The association between preoperative body composition and aerobic fitness in patients scheduled for colorectal surgery
Authors: Berkel Annefleur E. M. , van Wijk Laura , van Dijk David P. J. , Prins Sanne N. , van der Palen Job , van Meeteren Nico L. U. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Klaase Joost M. , Bongers Bart C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimAlthough cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered the gold standard, a preoperative abdominal CT scan might also provide information concerning preoperative aerobic fitness for risk assessment. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative CT‐scan‐derived body composition variables and preoperative CPET variables of aerobic fitness in colorectal surgery.MethodIn this retrospective cohort study, CT images at level L3 were analysed for skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle radiation attenuation, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the relation between CT‐scan‐derived body composition variables, CPET‐derived aerobic fitness and other preoperative patient‐related variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict a preoperative anaerobic threshold (AT) ≤ 11.1 ml/kg/min as cut‐off for having a high risk for postoperative complications.ResultsData from 78 patients (45 men; mean [SD] age 74.5 [6.4 years]) were analysed. A correlation coefficient of 0.55 was observed between absolute AT and skeletal muscle mass index. Absolute AT (R2 of 51.1%) was lower in patients with a lower skeletal muscle mass index, together with higher age, lower body mass and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Higher ASA score (odds ratio 5.64; P = 0.033) and higher VAT mass (odds ratio 1.02; P = 0.036) were associated with an increased risk of an AT ≤ 11.1 ml/kg/min.ConclusionBody composition variables from the preoperative CT scan were moderately associated with preoperative CPET‐derived aerobic fitness. Higher ASA score and higher VAT mass were associated with an increased risk of an AT ≤ 11.1 ml/kg/min.