bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Killing as Capital: Perverse Effects of Truce Negotiations on Gang Violence in El Salvador
Authors: Jones Cree , Lloyd Preston 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn March 2012, the government of El Salvador brokered a truce between MS‐13 and Barrio 18, the two largest and most notorious gangs in El Salvador. The truce was designed to decrease homicides in exchange for more lenient treatment of incarcerated gang leaders. Despite early, promising results, the truce was short‐lived. From May 2013 to February 2015, the government walked back its concessions under the truce. Homicides increased steadily during the rescission period and exponentially in the wake of full revocation. Economic theory suggests negotiating with gangs may achieve short‐term gains, but may also cause long‐term losses, particularly when the government reneges: once negotiations are on the table, gangs may use killing to increase their political capital and induce the government to re‐enter negotiations and make greater concessions. Using Salvadoran crime data, we deploy a difference‐in‐differences model to estimate the effect of the truce on homicides. We estimate the truce resulted in 1130 fewer homicides during its implementation and 551 fewer homicides during its piecemeal revocation. However, we also estimate 2250 more homicides occurred after full revocation, a perverse net effect of 569 more lives lost compared to what would have happened had the truce not been negotiated. These findings demonstrate negotiating with gangs may be an effective means to curb gang violence, but, if negotiations result in an unstable truce, they also introduce a perverse incentive structure that may result in long‐term harms that exceed short‐term gains.
Higher CSF sTREM2 attenuates APOE ε4‐related risk for amyloid pathology in cognitively intact adults: The CABLE study
Authors: Wang Yong‐Chang , Huang Liang‐Yu , Guo Hai‐Hua , Liu Min , Zhang Yu‐Ying , Zhang Zi‐Qi , Hao Quan , Tan Chen‐Chen , Tan Lan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane protein found in microglia within the brain, and its soluble form (sTREM2) has been shown to reduce amyloid deposition. Whether elevated TREM2‐mediated microglial activity decreases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sTREM2 attenuate the risk of APOE ε4‐associated amyloid pathology. We included 877 cognitively intact subjects from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) study, including APOE ε4 carriers (n = 136) and non‐carriers (n = 741). The linear regression was used to examine the interaction effect between CSF sTREM2 levels and APOE ε4 status on CSF Aβ42 levels. Additionally, subgroup analyses stratified by sex and age were conducted. Our main finding was that higher concentrations of CSF sTREM2 attenuated the effect of APOE ε4 carriage (i.e., the sTREM2 × APOE ε4 interaction) on amyloid deposition (β = −2.701e‐05, p = 0.023). Subgroup analyses showed that the effect of interaction was still significant only in male (p = 0.041) and mid‐life (p = 0.013) subgroups. Our study suggested that in cognitively intact individuals, changes in sTREM2 levels are associated with biomarkers of AD, and higher concentrations of CSF sTREM2 attenuated the risk of APOE ε4‐related amyloid pathology. The identified role of the sTREM2 × APOE ε4 interaction in amyloid pathology offers new insights into potential strategies for AD prevention in APOE ε4 carriers.image
Are patients with Parkinson's disease impaired in the recognition of emotion's authenticity?
Authors: Anzani Agnese , Zago Stefano , Difonzo Teresa , Scarpazza Cristina , Bolognini Nadia , Franco Giulia , Difonzo Alessio , Saetti Maria Cristina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recognising emotions expressed by others, one can make use of both embodied cognition and mechanisms that do not necessarily require activation of the limbic system, such as evoking from memory the meaning of morphological features of the observed face. Instead, we believe that the recognition of the authenticity of an emotional expression is primarily based on embodied cognition, for which the mirror system would play a significant role. To verify this hypothesis, we submitted 20 parkinsonian patients and 20 healthy control subjects to the Emotional Authenticity Recognition test, a novel test using dynamic stimuli to evaluate the ability to recognise emotions and their authenticity. Analysis of variance of the test scores shows that Parkinsonian patients perform worse than controls when they had to recognise the authenticity of emotions, although they are able to identify them. Our results confirm a deficit in the recognition of the authenticity of emotions in patients with Parkinson's disease attributable to the disruption of extrapiramidal limbic circuit between ventral striatum and orbitomesial‐prefrontal cortex.
The Continued Implementation and Perceived Impact of an Elementary School Wellness Policy After Extended COVID‐19‐Related School Closures
Authors: Olarte Deborah A. , Cueva Katie , Economos Christina D. , Chui Kenneth , Rodvik Brittany , Cohen Juliana F. W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSchools play a key role in children's health. Following COVID‐19, programs that promote students' well‐being are needed more than ever. This study examines the continuation of a wellness initiative in Anchorage, Alaska, in the 2021–2022 school year.MethodsInterviews were conducted with n = 25 principals and cafeteria managers. Content analyses of the qualitative data were conducted using an immersion/crystallization approach. Codes were grouped to create themes contained under larger domains.ResultsAll schools continued aspects of the wellness initiative following COVID‐19. Principals and cafeteria managers indicated: recess, movement opportunities, and longer lunch periods are important for mental health, socialization, and relationship building; COVID‐19 exacerbated previous challenges with staffing shortages; additional pressure for the academic time made scheduling the wellness initiative challenging; longer lunch periods give younger students time to eat but cause poor behavior in older students which were alleviated through supportive strategies; and 30‐minute recess and movement breaks offer more time to move, reset, and focus on schoolwork.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityThe study underscores the importance of school administrators integrating wellness initiatives into their policies, with buy‐in from school and district leadership.ConclusionsThis study highlights the need for and importance of school wellness initiatives following COVID‐19 extended school closures.
Universal, School‐Based Mental Health Literacy Programs for Middle School Students: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zachik Claire P. , Collica Sarah C. , White Jacob , Espinoza Candice , Swartz Karen L. , Cataldi Mariel L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundUniversal, classroom‐based mental health literacy (MHL) curricula are associated with improved mental health knowledge, attitudes, and help‐seeking behaviors. Young adolescents are an ideal target given their need for and receptivity toward MHL education.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to identify universal, school‐based MHL programs primarily for students aged 10–14 years, with adequate descriptions of curriculum implementation and content, and measured outcomes.FindingsThirty‐one articles describing 24 programs met the inclusion criteria. The content and educational strategies varied, with no two programs having the same curriculum. The studies show promising results for improvement in mental health knowledge, attitudes, help‐seeking, and student mental health.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityCollaborative work between educational and mental health professionals, along with rigorous study of outcomes, aiming to reach a consensus on a core MHL curriculum and best implementation practices, will advance efforts to improve MHL.ConclusionsThis scoping review confirmed that existing universal, school‐based MHL programs for middle school‐aged students improve mental health knowledge. The programs are diverse, and their outcomes are often challenging to compare. Ongoing study in this field to optimize design and implementation for improved effectiveness is needed.
Clinical Features and Transition of Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Wang Huali , Wang Jian , Zhang Shaoqiu , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Zhiyi , Liu Jiacheng , Pan Yifan , Jiang Chao , Xiong Ye , Fan Tao , Huang Rui , Li Li 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAcute hepatitis B (AHB) is generally a self‐limiting illness in adults and most patients achieve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance within 6 months. We aimed to investigate the proportion and influencing factors of chronic outcome in adult AHB patients. A total of 126 consecutive AHB patients were included between January 2013 and October 2018. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influencing factor of HBsAg clearance. Fourteen (11.1%) patients failed to achieve HBsAg clearance within 6 months. Among them, nine patients achieved HBsAg clearance within 6–12 months, while five patients had persistent HBsAg positive over 1 year. Patients with HBsAg clearance had lower baseline antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) (7.0 S/CO vs. 8.0 S/CO, p = 0.090) and HBsAg levels than those with chronicity of AHB. Multivariate analysis revealed that HBsAg ≤ 250 IU/mL (HR 3.008, IQR 1.877, 4.820, p < 0.001) and anti‐HBc levels (HR 0.830, IQR 0.755, 0.912, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with HBsAg clearance. Anti‐HBc remained an independent predictor of HBsAg clearance in different HBsAg subgroups. Patients with HBsAg > 250 IU/mL (p < 0.001) and high anti‐HBc (p = 0.001) had lower cumulative HBsAg clearance rates than those with low HBsAg and anti‐HBc. 11.1% of AHB patients did not achieve HBsAg clearance within 6 months, while the proportion of patients with persistent HBsAg positive decreased to 4.0% after 1 year. Combination of baseline HBsAg and anti‐HBc levels could identify patients who might have a possible risk of chronicity following AHB.
Structural Eurocentrism in philosophy: An argument for sociometaphilosophy
Authors: Major Philippe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article has three main aims. First, it argues that the question of the inclusion of “non‐Western” thought in philosophy cannot be resolved by appealing to definitions of philosophy, as such definitions are an integral part of the epistemically hegemonic practices responsible for the exclusion of non‐Western thought in the first place. Second, it argues that philosophy is structurally Eurocentric. It makes this argument first by looking at metaphilosophy. It argues that metaphilosophy is primarily performative and that its performativity is a form of boundary work that is engaged in hegemonic practices of the epistemic type. It then argues that philosophy as a whole is inescapably engaged in boundary work and hegemonic practices, some of which partake in structural Eurocentrism. Finally, it promotes sociometaphilosophy, an approach that draws from the new sociology of knowledge to identify illegitimate mechanisms of exclusion inscribed in the rules that codify philosophical practice.
Harnessing Speed Breeding in Controlled Environment Ecosystem for Millets Sustainability
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Pandey Himanshu , Misra Varucha , Devadas V. S. , Kesavan Ajith Kumar , Heisnam Punabati , Vashishth Amit , Wangsu Mannu , Singh Devendra , Mall A. K. , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMillet breeding focuses on improving essential traits such as grain yield, head structure, tiller production, early maturity, reduced plant height, biomass, digestibility and key nutrients like vitamin B1, lysine, cysteine and methionine. Traditional breeding, especially in open environments, can take 9–17 years to release a new variety, whereas speed breeding in controlled environments shortens this to 5–9 years. This accelerated process tackles challenges like male sterility, self‐incompatibility, seed shattering, inbreeding depression and embryo abortion. Techniques such as rapid single‐seed descent enable the creation of near‐homozygous lines in 1–2 years, allowing finger millet to achieve up to five generations per year. Indoor phenotyping platforms enhance speed breeding by providing detailed, consistent monitoring of plant traits. High‐throughput systems in controlled settings like growth chambers or glasshouses allow for non‐invasive assessment of entire crop canopies, measuring traits such as leaf expansion, width, phyllochron and stomatal conductance. This precise phenotyping accelerates trait evaluation and selection, facilitating the development of superior millet varieties. Supported by advanced phenotyping and gene‐editing tools, speed breeding offers a robust solution for improving key agronomic traits, significantly reducing breeding time in controlled environments.
Psoriasiform Dermatitis Following Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nakayama Shota , Kambe Naotomo , Irie Hiroyuki , Izawa Kazushi , Nishijima Ryohei , Ueno Hiroo , Fujimoto Masakazu , Yasumi Takahiro , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTKawasaki disease (KD) is an idiopathic acute inflammatory illness that commonly affects children in Northeast Asian countries. In this case report, a psoriasiform eruption appeared on the face and extremities following the onset of KD. A review of previous reports identified 38 cases of psoriasiform eruptions following KD, typically appearing 4 days to 2 months after the onset of KD, unlike other skin manifestations associated with the disease. Notably, in this case, the rash improved with the application of white petrolatum, suggesting that psoriasiform eruptions following KD may be self‐limited with spontaneous resolution.
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients
Authors: Crest Peyton , Stacey Piper , Accurso Erin C. , Deley Clara , Roberts John 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionFollowing liver transplantation (LT), adequate nutrition is essential, as malnutrition may contribute to slower growth in pediatric patients and put patients at risk of complications following transplant. Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating patterns that compromise nutrition. Patients with ARFID may have significant difficulty meeting nutritional needs due to fear of gastrointestinal distress, making it especially difficult to manage in patients following LT.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of de‐identified patients who received LT at our institution. Two patients with ARFID who had undergone LT were identified. Their diagnoses, clinical courses, and post LT outcomes are reported. A literature review of the presentation and diagnosis of ARFID in pediatric patients and nutritional management of pediatric LT patients was performed. No IRB review was required given the sample size of two patients, per UCSF IRB rules and regulations.ResultsWe present two unique cases of ARFID: one with onset prior to LT and one with onset following LT. Outpatient psychiatry treatment was essential for nutritional management for the patient who developed ARFID following LT. The other patient continues to see a dietitian given ongoing nausea that limits her oral intake but does not receive any psychiatric support.ConclusionsARFID and selective eating patterns are rare but notable occurrences after pediatric LT, but they may also be underreported given the novelty of ARFID and the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms following transplant. Our case adds to the limited literature on ARFID in children following major surgical procedures and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary care and the importance of nutritional management in pediatric patients prior to and post LT.
Reducing horizontal neglect in local government: The role of informal institutions
Authors: Askim Jostein , Houlberg Kurt , Serritzlew Søren 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe problem of “horizontal neglect” is fundamental to decentralization. However, while individual local authorities may lack incentives to consider the benefits and costs that their actions have on others, they are not always indifferent to these spillover effects. The study focuses on a clear case of horizontal neglect, namely the tendency of local authorities to overspend prior to merging. By employing a survey experiment involving Norwegian local elected officials, the article demonstrates that horizontal neglect can be alleviated through informal institutions, specifically through prosocial norms and the framing of decisions in a way that encourages officials to consider the impact on other jurisdictions. Priming local politicians with reminders of their broader responsibilities reduces both horizontal neglect and the overspending effect of social norms that stem from local politicians’ opposition to the merger of their own municipality.
Perceived climate risk and stock prices: An empirical analysis of pricing effects
Authors: Ben Ameur Hachmi , Dao Daniel , Ftiti Zied , Louhichi Wael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncreasing awareness of climate change and its potential consequences on financial markets has led to interest in the impact of climate risk on stock returns and portfolio composition, but few studies have focused on perceived climate risk pricing. This study is the first to introduce perceived climate risk as an additional factor in asset pricing models. The perceived climate risk is measured based on the climate change sentiment of the Twitter dataset with 16 million unique tweets in the years 2010–2019. One of the main advantages of our proxy is that it allows us to capture both physical and transition climate risks. Our results show that perceived climate risk is priced into Standard and Poor's 500 (S&P 500) Index stock returns and is robust when different asset‐pricing models are used. Our findings have implications for market participants, as understanding the relationship between perceived climate risk and asset prices is crucial for investors seeking to navigate the financial implications of climate change and for policymakers aiming to promote sustainable financing and mitigate the potential damaging effects of climate risk on financial markets, and a pricing model that accurately incorporates perceived climate risk can facilitate this understanding.
CBL/Cbl‐b mediates Fas degradation to reduce neuronal damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Guan Dongsheng , Li Yingxia , Chen Binyan , Wang Kun , Guo Yanke , Dong Ning , Cui Yinglin , Gao Yinghe , Wang Mengmeng , Wang Jing , Ren Yihan , Shang Penghui , Liu Yuxuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFas has been shown to positively regulate the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in mouse models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Fas protein expression is regulated by ubiquitination but has not been further studied. In this study, we investigated the role of the Fas ubiquitin ligase in Th17 cell differentiation and highlighted its potential as a therapeutic target for EAE. The E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL of Fas was predicted using the online prediction software ubibrowser. Overexpression of CBL significantly reduced Fas protein levels but did not affect mRNA levels. The decrease in Fas protein mediated by CBL overexpression was rescued by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Co‐IP analysis revealed that CBL interacted with Fas. Further results suggested that CBL regulated Fas expression through ubiquitination, thereby affecting Th17 cell differentiation. Cbl‐b, a homologue of CBL, significantly promoted the degradation of Fas protein and increased its ubiquitination modification. Furthermore, CBL and Cbl‐b could synergistically regulate Fas to influence Th17 cell differentiation. The same conclusion was also reached in animal models. Luxol Fast Blue staining showed that myelinated fibres in the spinal cord were significantly increased after CBL/Cbl‐b overexpression in EAE. Finally, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining showed that overexpression of CBL or Cbl‐b decreased the proportion of Th17 cells in the spinal cord of EAE mice, ultimately reducing neuronal damage. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CBL and Cbl‐b can synergistically regulate Fas to inhibit Th17 cell differentiation, thereby alleviating spinal cord nerve injury in the EAE model.
Weighted reduced rank estimators under cointegration rank uncertainty
Authors: Holberg Christian , Ditlevsen Susanne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCointegration analysis was developed for nonstationary linear processes that exhibit stationary relationships between coordinates. Estimation of the cointegration relationships in a multidimensional cointegrated process typically proceeds in two steps. First, the rank is estimated, then the auto‐regression matrix is estimated, conditionally on the estimated rank (reduced rank regression). The asymptotics of the estimator is usually derived under the assumption of knowing the true rank. In this paper, we quantify the asymptotic bias and find the asymptotic distributions of the cointegration estimator in case of misspecified rank. Furthermore, we suggest a new class of weighted reduced rank estimators that allow for more flexibility in settings where rank selection is hard. We show empirically that a proper choice of weights can lead to increased predictive performance when there is rank uncertainty. Finally, we illustrate the estimators on empirical EEG data from a psychological experiment on visual processing.
Hybrid Clause Combining Strategies in Turkish Language Contacts*
Authors: Keskin Cem , Iefremenko Kateryna , Kornfilt Jaklin , Schroeder Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Turkic contact varieties of the Balkans use two main diametrically opposed subordination strategies: (i) the Turkic template, where typical subordinate clauses are prepositive, nonfinite, contain clause‐final subordinators, etc. and (ii) the Indo‐European (IE) template, where typical subordinate clauses are postpositive, finite, contain clause‐initial subordinators, etc. Additionally, Balkan Turkic also uses several kinds of subordinate clauses that allow for various mixtures of these two models (‘X‐clauses’). Spread over a spectrum between the Turkic and IE extremes, X‐clauses can, for instance, be prepositive but contain clause‐initial subordinators. Building on these observations, the present study analyzes clause combining data from two language contact situations, namely Turkish–German contact in Germany and Turkish–English contact in the US, and discusses emerging patterns in these data, typically produced by younger bilingual speakers in informal spoken communicative situations and resembling the X‐clauses in Balkan Turkic.