bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of PLCβ, PIP2, and GIRK channels in arginine vasopressin‐elicited excitation of CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Hu Binqi , Boyle Cody A. , Lei Saobo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArginine vasopressin (AVP) is a hormone exerting vasoconstrictive and antidiuretic action in the periphery and serves as a neuromodulator in the brain. Although the hippocampus receives vasopressinergic innervation and AVP has been shown to facilitate the excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons, the involved ionic and signaling mechanisms have not been determined. Here we found that AVP excited CA1 pyramidal neurons by activation of V1areceptors. Functions of G proteins and phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) were required for AVP‐elicited excitation of CA1 pyramidal neurons, whereas intracellular Ca2+release and protein kinase C were unnecessary. PLCβ‐mediated depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) was required for AVP‐elicited excitation of CA1 pyramidal neurons. AVP augmented the input resistance and increased the time constants of CA1 pyramidal neurons. AVP induced an inward current in K+‐containing intracellular solution, whereas no inward currents were observed with Cs+‐containing intracellular solution. AVP‐sensitive currents showed inward rectification with a reversal potential close to the K+reversal potential, suggesting the involvement of inwardly rectifying K+channels. AVP‐induced currents were sensitive to the micromolar concentration of Ba2+and tertiapin‐Q, whereas application of ML 133, a selective Kir2 channel blocker had no effects, suggesting that AVP excited CA1 pyramidal neurons by depressing G protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+channels. Activation of V1areceptors in the CA1 region facilitated glutamatergic transmission onto subicular pyramidal neurons, suggesting that AVP modulates network activity in the brain. Our results may provide one of the cellular and molecular mechanisms to explain thein vivophysiological functions of AVP.
The ependymal cell cytoskeleton in the normal and injured spinal cord of mice
Authors: Trujillo‐Cenóz Omar , Rehermann María I. , Maciel Cecilia , Falco María V. , Fabbiani Gabriela , Russo Raúl E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe cytoskeleton of ependymal cells is fundamental to organize and maintain the normal architecture of the central canal (CC). However, little is known about the plasticity of cytoskeletal components after spinal cord injury. Here, we focus on the structural organization of the cytoskeleton of ependymal cells in the normal and injured spinal cord of mice (both females and males) using immunohistochemical and electron microscopy techniques. We found that in uninjured animals, the actin cytoskeleton (as revealed by phalloidin staining) was arranged following the typical pattern of polarized epithelial cells with conspicuous actin pools located in the apical domain of ependymal cells. Transmission electron microscopy images showed microvilli tufts, long cilia, and characteristic intercellular membrane specializations. After spinal cord injury, F‐actin rearrangements paralleled by fine structural modifications of the apical domain of ependymal cells were observed. These changes involved disruptions of the apical actin pools as well as fine structural modifications of the microvilli tufts. When comparing the control and injured spinal cords, we also found modifications in the expression of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). After injury, vimentin expression disappeared from the most apical domains of ependymal cells but the number of GFAP‐expressing cells within the CC increased. As in other polarized epithelia, the plastic changes in the cytoskeleton may be critically involved in the reaction of ependymal cells following a traumatic injury of the spinal cord.
Safe prescribing in the digital age – evaluation of a pharmacist‐led prescribing program for intern medical officers
Authors: McCleery Nallini , Forman Ariadne N. , Edmunds Catherine A. , Bullock Brooke L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImproving intern medical officers’ (IMOs’) prescribing skills and self‐confidence, in the age of digital prescribing, presents a modern healthcare challenge. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a pharmacist‐led prescribing program to IMOs during orientation. The interactive program aimed to identify useful clinical prescribing support tools through case‐based learning using the hospitals’ digital prescribing program. The program was delivered to 90 IMOs with 56 matched pre‐ and post‐program questionnaires completed. There was an increase in IMOs’ self‐confidence and ability to apply prescribing knowledge to clinical cases post‐program, and 100% of IMOs agreed that the program should be included in future medical intern orientation programs. Five post‐program interviews highlighted that key learnings were used in clinical practice and knowledge was sustained post‐program. This pharmacist‐led prescribing program for IMOs that introduced clinical decision tools to support safe prescribing using a digital system, resulted in overall improved self‐confidence and prescribing skills.
Can luxury attitudes impact sustainability? The role of desire for unique products, culture, and brand self‐congruence
Authors: Eastman Jacqueline K. , Iyer Rajesh , Dekhili Sihem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the effect of value‐expressive and social‐adjustive luxury attitudes on sustainable behaviors, specifically ecologically conscious consumer behavior, and socially responsible consumer behavior. This study investigates the mediating effect of the desire for unique products on the relationship between value‐expressive and social‐adjustive attitudes and sustainable behaviors. The moderating roles of brand self‐congruence and the cultural values of collectivism and masculinity on these relationships are also explored. The results offer support for the mediating role of the desire for unique products. Furthermore, the connection between the desire for unique products and ecologically conscious consumer behavior (but not socially responsible consumer behavior) is enhanced with the moderating cultural value of collectivism and the connection between the desire for unique products and socially responsible consumer behavior (but not ecologically conscious consumer behavior) is enhanced by the moderating factor of brand self‐congruence. The findings help to explain the conflicting findings regarding luxury and sustainability.
An improvement in drilling of SiCp/glass fiber‐reinforced polymer matrix composites using response surface methodology and multi‐objective particle swarm optimization
Authors: Antil Parvesh , Singh Sarbjit , Manna Alakesh , Katal Nitish , Pruncu Catalin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe growing dominance in terms of industrial applications has helped polymer‐based composite materials in conquering new markets relentlessly. But the presence of fibrous residuals and abrasive particles as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites (PMCs) affects the output quality characteristics (OQCs) of microdrilling operations. The OQC aims at reducing overcuts and momentous material removal rate (MRR). In such perception, multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) evident to be a suitable optimization technique for prediction and process selection in manufacturing industries. The present paper focuses on multi‐objective optimization of electrochemical discharge drilling parameters during drilling of SiCp and glass fiber‐reinforced PMCs using MOPSO. The response surface methodology (RSM)‐based central composite design was used for the experiment planning. Electrolyte concentration, interelectrode gap, duty factor, and voltage were used as process parameters, whereas MRR and overcut were observed as OQCs. The obtained experimental results were initially optimized by RSM‐based desirability function and later with multiresponse optimization technique MOPSO to achieve best possible MRR with lower possible overcut. The comparative analysis proves that OQCs can be effectively improved by using MOPSO.
Independent Component Analysis for Noise and Artifact Removal in Three-Dimensional Polarized Light Imaging
Authors: Benning Kai , Menzel Miriam , Reuter Jan André , Axer Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has successfully been applied to remove noise and artifacts in images obtained from Three-dimensional Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI) at the mesoscale (i.e., 64 $$\upmu $$
μ
m). Here, we present an automatic denoising procedure for gray matter regions that allows to apply the ICA also to microscopic images, with reasonable computational effort. Apart from an automatic segmentation of gray matter regions, we applied the denoising procedure to several 3D-PLI images from a rat and a vervet monkey brain section.
New IIB intersecting brane solutions yielding supersymmetric AdS3 vacua
Authors: Balaguer Juan R. , Dibitetto Giuseppe , Fernández-Melgarejo José J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider different (supersymmetric) brane intersections in type IIB string theory that preserve (1 + 1)D Lorentz symmetry. We provide the full supergravity solutions in their analytic form and discuss their physical properties. The Ansatz for the spacetime dependence of the different brane warp factors goes beyond the harmonic superposition principle. By studying the associated near-horizon geometry, we construct interesting classes of AdS3 vacua in type IIB and highlight their relation to the existing classifications in the literature. Finally, we discuss their holographic properties.
Crystallographic interacting topological phases and equivariant cohomology: to assume or not to assume
Authors: Sheinbaum Daniel , Camarena Omar Antolín 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For symmorphic crystalline interacting gapped systems we derive a classification under adiabatic evolution. This classification is complete for non-degenerate ground states. For the degenerate case we discuss some invariants given by equivariant characteristic classes. We do not assume an emergent relativistic field theory nor that phases form a topological spectrum. We also do not restrict to systems with short-range entanglement, stability against stacking with trivial systems nor assume the existence of quasi-particles as is done in SPT and SET classifications respectively. Using a slightly generalized Bloch decomposition and Grassmanians made out of ground state spaces, we show that the P-equivariant cohomology of a d-dimensional torus gives rise to different interacting phases, where P denotes the point group of the crystalline structure. We compare our results to bosonic symmorphic crystallographic SPT phases and to non-interacting fermionic crystallographic phases in class A. Finally we discuss the relation of our assumptions to those made for crystallographic SPT and SET phases.
Magnetic resonance imaging incidents are severely underreported: a finding in a multicentre interview survey
Authors: Kihlberg Johan , Hansson Boel , Hall Annika , Tisell Anders , Lundberg Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure to investigate the occurrence, character and causes of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging incidents.

Methods
A semi-structured questionnaire was developed containing details such as safety zones, examination complexity, staff MR knowledge, staff categories, and implementation of EU directive 2013/35. We focused on formally reported incidents that had occurred during 2014–2019, and unreported incidents during one year. Thirteen clinical MR units were visited, and the managing radiographer was interviewed. Open questions were analysed using conventionally adopted content analysis.

Results
Thirty-seven written reports for 5 years and an additional 12 oral reports for 1 year were analysed. Only 38% of the incidents were reported formally. Some of these incidents were catastrophic. Negative correlations were observed between the number of annual incidents (per scanner) and staff MR knowledge (Spearman’s rho − 0.41, p < 0.05) as well as the number of MR physicists per scanner (− 0.48, p < 0.05). It was notable that only half of the sites had implemented the EU directive. Quotes like ‘Burns are to be expected in MR’ and not even knowing the name of the incident reporting system suggested an inadequate safety culture. Finally, there was a desire among staff for MR safety education.

Conclusions
MR-related incidents were greatly underreported, and some incidents could have had catastrophic outcomes. There is a great desire among radiographers to enhance the safety culture, but to achieve this, much more accessible education is required, as well as focused involvement of the management of the operations.

Key Points
• Only one in three magnetic resonance–related incidents were reported.
• Several magnetic resonance incidents could have led to catastrophic consequences.
• Much increased knowledge about magnetic resonance safety is needed by radiologists and radiographers.
In vivo corneal confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography on eyes of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obese participants without diabetes
Authors: Tóth Noémi , Silver David M. , Balla Szabolcs , Káplár Miklós , Csutak Adrienne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposesTo examine corneal nerve and retinal nerve characteristics of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with obese participants without diabetes to discover potential nerve vulnerabilities.MethodsAll participants underwent a complete medical examination including a physical examination and blood sample tests. The ophthalmologic examination included best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, Schirmer test, tear film breakup time, slit-lamp examination, dilated fundus photography, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 83 eyes of 83 individuals: a group of 44 participants with T2DM, and a control group of 39 obese participants with no history of diabetes. Comparing measurements on the two groups, participants with T2DM had lower values with statistical significance for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) nasal superior thickness (p = 0.010) and three corneal nerve (CN) parameters: fiber length (p = 0.025), total branch density (p = 0.013), and fiber area (p = 0.009). There was a borderline significant difference in CN fiber width (p = 0.051) and RNFL nasal inferior thickness (p = 0.056). No other significant differences were observed in the IVCCM and OCT parameters. No statistically significant correlation was found between CN and RNFL parameters.ConclusionsProgression from a pre-diabetic obese state to a T2DM condition might entail a loss or diminishment of certain corneal nerve fibers or retinal nerve fibers, but not necessarily a loss of both corneal and retinal nerve fibers simultaneously. Using IVCCM and OCT together enables monitoring of both corneal and retinal health of the eye.
The role of the calibrated automated thrombogram in neonates: describing mechanisms of neonatal haemostasis and evaluating haemostatic drugs
Authors: Murphy Claire A. , Neary Elaine , O’Reilly Daniel P. , Cullivan Sarah , EL-Khuffash Afif , NíAinle Fionnuala , Maguire Patricia B. , McCallion Naomi , Kevane Barry 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPremature infants are at high risk of haemorrhage and thrombosis. Our understanding of the differences between the neonatal and adult haemostatic system is evolving. There are several limitations to the standard coagulation tests used in clinical practice, and there is currently a lack of evidence to support many of the transfusion practices in neonatal medicine. The evaluation of haemostasis is particularly challenging in neonates due to their limited blood volume. The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) is a global coagulation assay, first described in 2002, which evaluates both pro- and anti-coagulant pathways in platelet-rich or platelet-poor plasma. In this review, the current applications and limitations of CAT in the neonatal population are discussed.Conclusion: CAT has successfully elucidated several differences between haemostatic mechanisms in premature and term neonates compared with adults. Moreover, it has been used to evaluate the effect of a number of haemostatic drugs in a pre-clinical model. However, the lack of evidence of CAT as an accurate predictor of neonatal bleeding, blood volume required and the absence of an evidence-based treatment algorithm for abnormal CAT results limit its current application as a bedside clinical tool for the evaluation of sick neonates.

What is Known:• The Calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) is a global coagulation assay which evaluates pro- and anti-coagulant pathways.• CAT provides greater information than standard clotting tests and has been used in adults to evaluate bleeding risk.

What is New:• This review summarises the physiological differences in haemostasis between neonates and adults described using CAT.• The haemostatic effect of several drugs has been evaluated in neonatal plasma using CAT.
Negative relationship between dry matter intake and the temperature-humidity index with increasing heat stress in cattle: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Chang-Fung-Martel J. , Harrison M. T. , Brown J. N. , Rawnsley R. , Smith A. P. , Meinke H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChanges in frequency and severity of heat waves due to climate change pose a considerable challenge to livestock production systems. Although it is well known that heat stress reduces feed intake in cattle, effects of heat stress vary between animal genotypes and climatic conditions and are context specific. To derive a generic global prediction that accounts for the effects of heat stress across genotypes, management and environments, we conducted a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between dry matter intake (DMI) and the temperature-humidity index (THI), two reliable variables for the measurement of feed intake and heat stress in cattle, respectively. We analysed this relationship accounting for covariation in countries, breeds, lactation stage and parity, as well as the efficacy of various physical cooling interventions. Our findings show a significant negative correlation (r =  − 0.82) between THI and DMI, with DMI reduced by 0.45 kg/day for every unit increase in THI. Although differences in the DMI-THI relationship between lactating and non-lactating cows were not significant, effects of THI on DMI varied between lactation stages. Physical cooling interventions (e.g. provision of animal shade or shelter) significantly alleviated heat stress and became increasingly important after THI 68, suggesting that this THI value could be viewed as a threshold for which cooling should be provided. Passive cooling (shading) was more effective at alleviating heat stress compared with active cooling interventions (sprinklers). Our results provide a high-level global equation for THI-DMI across studies, allowing next-users to predict effects of heat stress across environments and animal genotypes.
Mechanische Feldschwächung einer Multi-Rotor-Permanentmagnet- Synchronmaschine
Authors: Brunner Andreas , Spießberger Richard , Schrödl Manfred 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Arbeit wird ein Konzept einer neuartigen mechanischen Feldschwächmethode am sogenannten elektrischen Planetenmotor präsentiert. Der elektrische Planetenmotor ist eine Kombination aus einer elektrischen Maschine mit mehreren Rotoren in einem gemeinsamen Stator und einem Getriebeteil, wobei die spezielle Anordnung des Getriebes zur mechanischen Feldschwächung genützt werden kann. Es wird die theoretische Grundlage dafür erarbeitet sowie die Funktionsweise anhand von Messungen an einem Prototyp demonstriert.
Frailty as a novel predictor of achieving comprehensive disease control (CDC) in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Salaffi Fausto , De Angelis Rossella , Farah Sonia , Carotti Marina , Di Carlo Marco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Frailty is a construct recently introduced in the context of inflammatory joint diseases. To date, it is not clear if frailty can act as a negative factor in the achievement of comprehensive disease control (CDC) in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Aim
To verify whether frailty is a factor hindering the achievement of CDC in patients with RA starting a biologic drug.

Methods
RA patients requiring a treatment with a biologic drug were included. Patients were classified as achieving or not achieving CDC after 12 months of treatment. Patients were classified as non-frail, mildly frail, moderately frail and severely frail according to the Comprehensive Rheumatologic Assessment of Frailty (CRAF). Frailty was tested using the Mann–Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for comparison with categorical variables. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with prediction of CDC achievers.

Results
A total of 214 RA patients were followed for 12 months, 14.5% achieved CDC. Eighty-four (39.3%) patients were non-frail, 57 (26.6%) were mildly frail, 14 (6.5%) were moderately frail and 59 (27.6%) were severely frail. The multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the CRAF score at baseline as an independent variable for CDC achievement at 12 months (p = 0.0040).

Discussion
Frailty is a frequent condition in RA patients and reduces the chances of achieving CDC.

Conclusions
Frailty, measured by CRAF, reduced the likelihood of CDC achievement in RA patients treated with a biologic agent.

Key Points• Frailty is an under-researched condition in rheumatoid arthritis affecting more than 60% of patients.• Frailty is a condition that hinders the achievement of comprehensive disease control after 1 year of treatment with biological drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The Moral Duty to Love One’s Stakeholders
Authors: Kaptein Muel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMuch has been written about the general moral duty to love one’s neighbors. In this article, I explore the specific application of this moral duty in the work setting. I argue from a secular perspective that individuals have the moral duty to love their stakeholders. Loving one’s stakeholders is an affective valuing of the stake-related values these stakeholders pursue and as such is the real recognition of one’s stakeholders as stakeholders and of oneself as a stakeholder of one’s stakeholders. This moral concept of stakeholder love offers promising contributions to stakeholder theory, leadership theories, and ethical theories in general and business ethics theories in particular.