bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element modelling of independent core propagation in multicore photonic crystal fibres resulting from anisotropy in structure
Authors: Mohammed M , Ahmad A K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software based on the finite element method is being used to simulate the random anisotropy in diameters of the cores formed in multicore photonic crystal fibre structures, and this may affect the coupling properties between the cores’ modes. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in the coupling efficiency between the cores with different structures. This anisotropy in diameters of the cores leads to the creation of a small mismatch between the modes of these cores and is sufficient to inhibit coupling. The coupling properties are affected hugely depending on the amount of the change in core diameter and increasing the number of cores coupled inside the multicore structure. We also found an improvement in the coupling efficiency when increasing the number of cores within the structure of the multicore photonic crystal fibres; otherwise, the independent light propagation of each core inside the multicore structure, with/without a little penetration with other adjacent cores. As the coupling efficiency of seven-core coupled is better than three-core, and the latter may be better than two-core in which the cores appear decoupled and independent in their propagated for the adjacent other cores. It can be considered this study a novel characteristic of multiplexing-demultiplexing applications.
Use of multidimensional testing to evaluate the impacts of treated wastewater discharge on river water quality - Hotelling test case
Authors: Majerek D , Łagód G , Szeląg B , Sabba F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Water bodies often suffer from the discharge of nutrient loading from agricultural and urban areas that compromises the quality of water. This study presents the application of the Hotelling test to evaluate the impacts of treated wastewater, discharged from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), on the quality of river water. The quality of water was described by different pollution indicators, including COD, BOD5, TSS, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, TKN, TN and TP. The water samples were collected at three different locations: 500 m above the discharge point, at the wastewater discharge point and 1000 m below the wastewater discharge point. The tests of single pollution indicator showed differences between the two locations. Specifically, the results show that each single comparison controlled type I error at 0.05, while the family-wise error rate for the tests of all marginal hypotheses was controlled at 0.37. Testing for single indicators separately may not reveal true multivariate differences. In order to overcome this limitation, a modified version of T2 Hotelling test was used with robust James-Stein type estimators of covariance matrix. Major differences in the overall water quality were observed mainly for the concentration of nitrogenous compounds and found to significantly influence the water quality of the receiving river.
Strength analysis of a propulsion shaft dedicated for the main rotor test bench
Authors: Skiba K , Raczyński R , Kliza R , Wendeker M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents the strength analysis of various drive shaft concepts for the test stand for research of aircraft’s main rotors. The results of stress analysis for conceptual shaft models are presented. A technological solution was developed on the basis of the obtained results to meet the design requirements and reduce the impact of maximum stress to a minimum. The aim of the study was to develop a design solution for a propulsion shaft research allowing for the most optimal way of conducting the research installation from a stationary to a rotary system (data and power collector system).
Magnetic sorbents based on Kuzbass long-flame coal
Authors: Zykov I Yu , Dudnikova Yu N , Tsvetkov V E , Ivanov N N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper investigates the textural characteristics of carbon sorbents obtained from Kuzbass coal of the LF grade. The sorbents were obtained by activation using ferric chloride, pre-impregnating the coal with an iron III chloride solution at a FeCl3/coal ratio of 1:7 g/g. Powder X-ray diffraction in sorbents proved the presence of the Fe3O4 phase of magnetite. The amount of magnetite in the sorbents varies within 7%. It is shown that sorbents obtained from coal activated with iron chloride have a sufficiently developed porous structure and significant microporosity. The measured values of the specific surface area of sorbents at an activation temperature of 800 °C reach 250 m2/g, and at 700 °C they are an order of magnitude lower. The total pore volume does not exceed 0.1 cm3/g with a micropore fraction of more than 70%.
Bi-reforming of methane: thermodynamic equilibrium analysis and selection of preferable reaction conditions
Authors: Matus E V , Sukhova O B , Ismagilov I Z , Kerzhentsev M A , Li Lei , Ismagilov Z R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To determine the optimal reaction conditions of bi-reforming of methane thermodynamic analysis of reaction was performed. The effects of process variables, such as temperature (T = 500–1000°C), pressure (P = 1–30 atm), and feed composition CH4/CO2/H2O on the product distribution were studied. It was shown that to maximize the conversion of reagents and yield of target products the high reaction temperatures (T > 800°C) and atmospheric pressure should be applied. The reaction pathway of the bi-reforming of methane is affected by the feed composition. At 800°C the molar ratio of O/C ≥ 1.1 are preferable to work at region free of carbon formation. The CO2 conversion and H2/CO ratio are controlled by the value of CO2/H2O ratio. Depending on the field of application of synthesis gas, this ratio can be tuned from 1.2 to 2.8 through variation of CO2/H2O ratio from 3 to 0.1. The selected reaction conditions (T = 800°C, P = 1 atm, CH4/CO2/H2O = 1/0.8/0.4) were applied for bi-reforming reaction over Ni catalyst which provided the process parameters close to thermodynamic equilibrium results.
Sorption methods for capturing carbon dioxide by various sorbents
Authors: Nechaeva T S , Fedorova N I , Matus E V , Li Lei , Ismagilov Z R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the main methods of capturing carbon dioxide used in the processes of cleaning flue gases. The paper presents some schemes for the extraction of CO2, shows their advantages and disadvantages. The adsorption method for extracting carbon dioxide with commercial sorbents and activated carbons obtained on a coal and plant basis is considered in detail. The characteristics and properties of the main solid sorbents are given. The main indicators of the quality of activated carbons, which affect the efficiency of the extracted gas, have been established. Methods of modification of activated carbons and their influence on the sorption of carbon dioxide have been studied. As a result of the analysis of literature data and taking into account the growth of world energy consumption, it was concluded that carbon dioxide capture is a promising area of scientific research.
New immunological markers for the identification of lung cancer risk groups among workers in hazardous industries in Kuzbass region
Authors: Ustinov V A , Nekrash M S , Studennikov A E , Glushkov A N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are widely known as risk factor in relation to lung cancer development. In this connection, we suggested to use idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies IgG and IgA classes against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human blood serum as new biomarkers for lung cancer risk. The blood serums of 202 healthy men and 275 men with lung cancer were analyzed by ELISA based on idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies IgG and IgA classes against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Obtained data were analyzed. It was suggested to use ratio of idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies rather than distinguish level each of them separately. The neural networks for idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies of IgG class (AUC = 0.95), idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies of IgA class (AUC = 0.86), and idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies of IgA and IgG classes (AUC = 0.93) were built as models for lung cancer predictions. Finally, the ELISA data of 52 Kuzbass region coal miners were identified as a group of lung cancer risk using obtained models. So, suggested markers antibodies in human blood serum were not only identified lung cancer patients also elicited group of lung cancer risk among healthy people.
Considering the settling of dispersed water in the water barrier when calculating the explosion-proof distance at the methane explosion in a mine
Authors: Kusainov P I , Mazepa E E , Kraynov A Yu , Lukashov O Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gas dynamics equations are used to simulate the interaction of shock waves with water or rock–dust barriers. The model is enhanced with the presence of dispersed water in the flow and its settling on the walls of the working. An approach to the implementation of the method for solving the problem of the propagation of shock waves in a branched network of mine workings, considering the interaction of shock waves with water barriers has been developed. The approach is based on the use of the numerical method of S.K. Godunov. Examples of solving the problem of the propagation of shock waves from a methane explosion in simulated networks of coal mine workings with water barriers placed in them are given.
Kuzbass in the context of strategic challenges: coal chemistry as a solution to economic problems
Authors: Kryukov V. A. , Fridman Yu.A. , Markova V. M. , Rechko N.G. , Loginova E. V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The increase in coal production and export for Kuzbass cannot remain the only factor affecting economic growth in the future. Coal chemical cluster development is one of the ways to diversify regional economy which can not only contribute to monetization of coal resources and attraction of high-tech knowledge-intensive industries to the region but also improve domestic economic efficiency.
Soil-agrochemical analysis of the fertile soil layer from the Erunakovskiy field of the Taldinskiy coal mine
Authors: Yakovchenko M A , Izmulkina E A , Stenina N A , Ivina O A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Activity of mining enterprises lead to significant changes in the orography, composition and patterns of movement of groundwater, disruption of microbiota and impact on vegetation, which result in ecosystem destruction of vast land areas. The upper layer of the soil is subjected to serious changes due to physical impact during the extraction of minerals, thus it forms a technogenic relief. To restore the biological diversity of soils disturbed by surface and underground mining operations, a reclamation process is used, including the all typemanagement of physical, chemical and biological disturbances of the soil cover. Reclamation of abandoned mines’ territories is a very complex process. Vegetation restoration is the most widely recognized and practical way to reduce nitrogen losses and erosion, increase soil nutrients, and protect soils from degradation. Substantiation of the scaleto remove the fertile soil layer of mining operations is a compulsory condition for approving a plan of measures to restore theland quality. This work includes the study of the main properties of the potentially fertile soil layer of the Taldinskiy coal mine, Novokuznetsk district of the Kemerovo region of the Russian Federation, for the possibility of using it when carrying out work to restore its biological diversity.
The Kuzbass Basin coals as a raw material for the preparation of carbon quantum dots
Authors: Prazyan Tigran L , Dyagilev Denis V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article discusses a promising method for producing carbon quantum dots (C-dots) from coal. Coal grades A (anthracite), K (coking), OS (lean-sintered) were used as raw materials. The separated particles were investigated by X-ray diffraction and optical methods of analysis. The interplanar distances in C-dots and the phase ratio in the samples are determined. The intrinsic absorption region was determined from the optical spectra and the band gap of the obtained C-dots was estimated. Lines of photoluminescence were found in the UV and visible ranges.
Quantitative photoacoustic estimates of intervascular blood oxygenation differences using linear unmixing
Authors: Bench C , Cox B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The linear unmixing technique is an appealing method for estimating blood oxygen saturation (sO2) from multiwavelength photoacoustic tomography images, as estimates can be acquired with a straightforward matrix inversion. However, the technique can only rarely provide accurate estimates in vivo, as it requires that the light fluence at the voxels of interest is constant with wavelength. One way to extend the set of cases where accurate information related to sO2 can be acquired with the technique is by taking the difference in sO2 estimates between vessels. Assuming images are perfectly reconstructed, the intervascular difference in sO2 estimates is accurate if the error in the estimates due to the wavelength dependence of the fluence is identical for both. An in silico study was performed to uncover what kinds of conditions may give rise to accurate sO2 differences for a vessel pair. Basic criteria were formulated in simple tissue models consisting of a pair of vessels immersed in two-layer skin models. To assess whether these criteria might still be valid in more realistic imaging scenarios, the sO2 difference was estimated for vessels in more complex tissue models.
Influence of Y2O3 particle size on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of porous Si3N4 ceramics
Authors: Xu Z Y , Hai W X , Zhang X , Ma Y X , Ma W L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, porous silicon nitride ceramics were fabricated by pressureless with different particle size of Y2O3 using as sintering additive. The effects of particle size of Y2O3 particles on sintering behaviour, microstructure and corrosion behaviour of the β-Si3N4 ceramics were studied in detail. As the Y2O3 particles size decreasing from 5 μm to 0.5 μm, the linear shrinkage of porous β-Si3N4 ceramics increased from 14.3% to 18.3%, and the sintering porosity decreased from 25.3% to 17.6%. The smaller Y2O3 particles additions were consisted of finer β-Si3N4 grains and demonstrated more accordant microstructure due to the well-dispersed Y2O3. The finer microstructure resulted in the improvement of mechanical properties, the sintered sample with 0.5 μm Y2O3 addition shown flexural strength of 450 MPa. Significant weight loss was observed after corrosion in 1 M HCl solution at 70°C for different time, due to the assumed formation of the grain boundary phase added to the Y2O3.
Study on self-assembly of novel hydrophilic silane containing PEG segments and its resistance to protein adsorption
Authors: Liu M G , Zhao R , Liu S Q 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new type of hydrophilic silane containing PEG (polyethylene glycol) segments was produced in this study. Membranes were produced through self-assembly. Hydrophilic silane was characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR; The chemical composition and surface morphology of the self-assembled membrane surface were characterized by AFM, CA, SEM; The material’s resistance to protein adsorption was studied by UV-Vis and coomassie brilliant blue method [1]. The results showed that the novel hydrophilic silane containing PEG segments can be successfully assembled on silicon substrates; self-assembled membranes and blank silicon substrates in comparison, protein adsorption decreased from 274.8 μg/cm2 to 145.7 μg/cm2. This study has important reference significance for the preparation of anti-protein adsorption and bacterial adhension materials.
Shredding energy consumption of GFRP composite waste
Authors: Cheng S , Wong K H , Shen C P , Liu X L , Rudd C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work investigated effect of glass fibre fabric structures, feedstock feed rate and screen size on specific shredding energy of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) waste via a two-level factorial design of experiment study. Four types of fabric structure, i.e. unidirectional (UD), biaxial (BIAX), triaxial (TRIAX) and chopped strand mat (CSM), were impregnated separately with unsaturated polyester resin to manufacture GFRP plates. The shredding energy was measured using a two-wattmeter approach. During shredding, CSM demonstrated a relatively flat power consumption curve compared to other fabric types. It was also noticed that the GFRP plate reinforced with more complex woven structure, i.e. TRIAX, required higher energy for shredding, especially with a combination of high feed rate and small screen size. It was found that mechanical efficiency was only around 8.2-15.7% and 0.8-2.2% for shredding at feed rate of 60 kg/hr and 10 kg/hr respectively. It was also found that adopting a larger screen size and lower feed rate could reduce the specific shredding energy.
Influence of chemical treatment on the recycling of composites before pyrolysis
Authors: Hao S Q , Wong K H , Liu X L , Rudd C D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recycling of carbon fibers is one of the upcoming global research topics in composite engineering. This work investigates the influence of chemical treatment on the recovery of carbon fibers from carbon fiber reinforced plastic before pyrolysis. The chemical pretreatment was achieved using a zinc chloride/ethanol solution. The pyrolysis process was conducted in a sliding furnace. The effect of such pre-treatment on thermal degradation behaviour was determined by a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). An original sample was also investigated for benchmarking. After the thermal pyrolysis process, the fiber tensile properties were measured using a single fiber tester. The surface functional groups and graphitization degree recovered carbon fiber were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface morphology of recycled carbon fibers was investigated by SEM. Pristine carbon fibers were also included in the study for benchmarking. During the pyrolysis process, the devolatilisation temperature of the pre-impregnated prepregreduced by around 40-50°C and the peak temperature was 40-50°C lower compared to that of the original prepreg. The chemical pre-treatment process reduces the pyrolysis temperature compared to the conventional pyrolysis process. After pyrolysis in nitrogen with a small amount of air, loose carbon fibers were recovered, and their surface was clean. The similar surface functional groups and the decrease of degree of graphitization were detected on the recycled carbon fiber.
WgLink: reconstructing whole-genome viral haplotypes using L0+L1-regularization
Authors: Cao Chen , Greenberg Matthew , Long Quan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Summary
Many tools can reconstruct viral sequences based on next-generation sequencing reads. Although existing tools effectively recover local regions, their accuracy suffers when reconstructing the whole viral genomes (strains). Moreover, they consume significant memory when the sequencing coverage is high or when the genome size is large. We present WgLink to meet this challenge. WgLink takes local reconstructions produced by other tools as input and patches the resulting segments together into coherent whole-genome strains. We accomplish this using an L0+L1-regularized regression, synthesizing variant allele frequency data with physical linkage between multiple variants spanning multiple regions simultaneously. WgLink achieves higher accuracy than existing tools both on simulated and on real datasets while using significantly less memory (RAM) and fewer CPU hours.

Availability and implementation
Source code and binaries are freely available at https://github.com/theLongLab/wglink.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection and Previous Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccination Predict Poor Vaccine Responses in Older Adults, Independent of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wall Nadezhda , Godlee Alexandra , Geh Daniel , Jones Charlotte , Faustini Sian , Harvey Ruth , Penn Rebecca , Chanouzas Dimitrios , Nightingale Peter , O’Shea Matthew , Richter Alex , Moss Paul , Cunningham Adam , Harper Lorraine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more prone to severe infection. Vaccination is a key strategy to reduce this risk. Some studies suggest vaccine efficacy may be reduced in patients with CKD, despite preserved maintenance of long-term responses to some pathogens and vaccines. Here, we investigated immune responses to 2 vaccines in patients with CKD to identify predictors of immunological responsiveness.

Methods
Individuals &gt;65 years old, with or without nondialysis CKD (n = 36 and 29, respectively), were vaccinated with a nonadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine (T-dependent) and Pneumovax23 (23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide [PPV23], T-independent). Humoral responses were measured at baseline, day 28, and 6 months. Lymphocyte subset and plasma cell/blast analyses were performed using flow cytometry. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) serotyping was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Only modest responsiveness was observed to both vaccines, independent of CKD status (25% adequate response in controls vs. 12%–18% in the CKD group). Unexpectedly, previous immunization with PPV23 (median 10-year interval) and CMV seropositivity were associated with poor PPV23 responsiveness in both study groups (P &lt; .001 and .003, respectively; multivariable linear regression model). Patients with CKD displayed expanded circulating populations of T helper 2 and regulatory T cells, which were unrelated to vaccine responses. Despite fewer circulating B cells, patients with CKD were able to mount a similar day 7 plasma cell/blast response to controls.

Conclusion
Patients with nondialysis CKD can respond similarly to vaccines as age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. CKD patients display an immune signature that is independent of vaccine responsiveness. Prior PPV23 immunization and CMV infection may influence responsiveness to vaccination.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02535052
Bureaucrat Allocation in the Public Sector: Evidence from the World Bank
Authors: Limodio Nicola 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The allocation of bureaucrats across tasks constitutes a pivotal instrument for achieving an organisation’s objectives. In this paper, I measure the performance of World Bank bureaucrats by combining the universe of task assignment with an evaluation of task outcome and bureaucrat CVs. I introduce two stylised facts. First, bureaucrat performance correlates with task features and individual characteristics. Second, there exists a negative assortative matching between high-performing bureaucrats and low-performing countries. In response to natural disasters, which may further weaken countries’ performance, I observe that low-performing countries receive an additional allocation of high-performing bureaucrats. I discuss various interpretations of these findings.