bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grain sorghum hybrids under drought stress and full‐irrigation conditions in the Brazilian Semiarid
Authors: Menezes Cicero Beserra de , Silva Karla Jorge da , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Santos Crislene Vieira dos , Julio Bruno Henrique Mingote , Portugal Arley Figueiredo , Batista Paulo Sérgio Cardoso , Carvalho Abner José , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Brazil, grain sorghum has been mainly grown in Cerrado biome during the off‐season, as a succession crop, after the soybean harvest. At this period, rainfall is erratic and insufficient, causing drought stress in pre‐ or post‐flowering of grain sorghum crops. In this scenario, the identification of both drought‐tolerant and irrigation responsive hybrids has been one of the main targets of sorghum breeding programmes. The hypothesis of this research was that grain sorghum genotypes respond differently to different moments of water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sorghum hybrids under full irrigation and drought stress at pre‐ and post‐flowering, in order to identify hybrids tolerant to drought stress and responsive to the water supply. Field trials were carried out in Nova Porteirinha during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons. Twelve grain sorghum single‐hybrids were evaluated for days to flowering and grain yield in three water availability conditions: drought stress at pre‐flowering, drought stress at post‐flowering and full‐irrigation (control). Tolerant hybrids were identified under both pre‐ and post‐flowering drought stress, as well as hybrids responsive to irrigation. The hybrids 1G282 and 116,748 stood out in the 2017/18 season for high yield and earliness under both drought‐stress conditions, while the hybrid 1G282, AG1090, AS4625 and DKB590 stood out for the 2018/19 season in both stress condition. The hybrid A9904 and 1G282 stood out for its responsiveness to water supply, being recommended to high‐tech farming systems that employ irrigation or for in‐season cultivation.
Appropriate definition of diabetes using an administrative database: A cross‐sectional cohort validation study
Authors: Nishioka Yuichi , Takeshita Saki , Kubo Shinichiro , Myojin Tomoya , Noda Tatsuya , Okada Sadanori , Ishii Hitoshi , Imamura Tomoaki , Takahashi Yutaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to quantify errors in the diagnosis of diabetes for use in the national database, using a sufficient population size.Materials and methodsA claims database constructed by the JMDC (Tokyo, Japan), using standardized disease classifications and anonymous record linkage, was used in this validation study. We included patients with health insurance claims data from April 2005 to March 2019 in the JMDC claims database. We excluded patients without a record of specific health checkups in Japan. Sample size calculation was based on a 5% prevalence of diabetes and 0.4% absolute accuracy (i.e., 1,250,000 individuals), to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.ResultsIn total, 2,999,152 patients were included in this study, of which 165,515 were classified as having diabetes based on specific health checkups (validation cohort prevalence of 5.5%). The newly devised algorithm had three elements – the diagnosis‐related codes for diabetes without suspected flag, the medication codes for diabetes and then these two codes on the same record – and yielded a sensitivity of 74.6%, positive predictive value of 88.4% and Kappa Index of 0.80 (the highest values).ConclusionsIn future claims database studies, our validated algorithms will be useful as diagnostic criteria for diabetes.
Healthcare stakeholders' perspective on barriers to integrated care in Switzerland: Results from the open‐ended question of a nationwide survey
Authors: Rawlinson Cloé , Lesage Saphir , Gilles Ingrid , Peytremann‐Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify the main barriers to integrated care (IC) as reported by healthcare stakeholders from various linguistic regions and health system specificities, according to their reality of practice.MethodsInformation was gathered through an open‐ended question from a national survey conducted in Switzerland in 2019. Responses were analysed qualitatively with the IRaMuTeQ software.ResultsAnswers from 410 respondents were obtained. Respondents reported barriers at two levels: the system and professional level. Threat to financial benefits, concerns for patient data sharing and tensions between quality of care and benefits for patients versus costs were mentioned at the professional level, in their activity and in patient care. At the system level, limitations at the political level due to federalism and the lack of support and training for professionals were important barriers, in addition to the lack of recognition and compensation for professionals and the fragmented functioning of the health care system.ConclusionOur study underlines the importance of implementing innovative funding strategies and reimbursement schemes, as well as political willingness to move towards IC. The alignment between federal policies and cantonal specificities also appears as necessary to achieve involvement of professionals, promote integration of services and coordination of professionals for continuous and efficient care.
Artificial intelligence and polyp detection in colonoscopy: Use of a single neural network to achieve rapid polyp localization for clinical use
Authors: Li James Weiquan , Chia Tiongsun , Fock Kwong Ming , Chong Kenny De Wei , Wong Yu Jun , Ang Tiing Leong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimArtificial intelligence has been extensively studied to assist clinicians in polyp detection, but such systems usually require expansive processing power, making them prohibitively expensive and hindering wide adaption. The current study used a fast object detection algorithm, known as the YOLOv3 algorithm, to achieve real‐time polyp detection on a laptop. In addition, we evaluated and classified the causes of false detections to further improve accuracy.MethodsThe YOLOv3 algorithm was trained and validated with 6038 and 2571 polyp images, respectively. Videos from live colonoscopies in a tertiary center and those obtained from public databases were used for the training and validation sets. The algorithm was tested on 10 unseen videos from the CVC‐Video ClinicDB dataset. Only bounding boxes with an intersection over union area of > 0.3 were considered positive predictions.ResultsPolyp detection rate in our study was 100%, with the algorithm able to detect every polyp in each video. Sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score were 74.1%, 85.1%, and 83.3, respectively. The algorithm achieved a speed of 61.2 frames per second (fps) on a desktop RTX2070 GPU and 27.2 fps on a laptop GTX2060 GPU. Nearly a quarter of false negatives happened when the polyps were at the corner of an image. Image blurriness accounted for approximately 3% and 9% of false positive and false negative detections, respectively.ConclusionThe YOLOv3 algorithm can achieve real‐time poly detection with high accuracy and speed on a desktop GPU, making it low cost and accessible to most endoscopy centers worldwide.
Reciprocal regulation of spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion by Fragile X mental retardation protein and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors
Authors: Subrahmanyam Rohini , Dwivedi Deepanjali , Rashid Zubin , Bonnycastle Katherine , Cousin Michael A. , Chattarji Sumantra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is a neuronal protein mediating multiple functions, with its absence resulting in one of the most common monogenic causes of autism, Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Analyses of FXS pathophysiology have identified a range of aberrations in synaptic signaling pathways and plasticity associated with group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. These studies, however, have mostly focused on the post‐synaptic functions of FMRP and mGlu receptor activation, and relatively little is known about their presynaptic effects. Neurotransmitter release is mediated via multiple forms of synaptic vesicle (SV) fusion, each of which contributes to specific neuronal functions. The impacts of mGlu receptor activation and loss of FMRP on these SV fusion events remain unexplored. Here we combined electrophysiological and fluorescence imaging analyses on primary hippocampal cultures prepared from an Fmr1 knockout (KO) rat model. Compared to wild‐type (WT) hippocampal neurons, KO neurons displayed an increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory post‐synaptic currents (sEPSCs), as well as spontaneous SV fusion events. Pharmacological activation of mGlu receptors in WT neurons caused a similar increase in spontaneous SV fusion and sEPSC frequency. Notably, this increase in SV fusion was not observed when spontaneous activity was blocked using the sodium channel antagonist tetrodotoxin. Importantly, the effect of mGlu receptor activation on spontaneous SV fusion was occluded in Fmr1 KO neurons. Together, our results reveal that FMRP represses spontaneous presynaptic SV fusion, whereas mGlu receptor activation increases this event. This reciprocal control appears to be mediated via their regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability.
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Deprivation and intra‐family conflict: Children as agents in the Family Stress Model
Authors: Chzhen Yekaterina , Howarth Chester , Main Gill 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study applies an adapted Family Stress Model (FSM) to analyze the relationship between child material deprivation and intra‐family conflict about money using a nationally representative survey of children in England in 2018.BackgroundThe standard FSM holds that poverty is experienced by parents who, in turn, impact children. Drawing on new social studies of childhood, the authors posit that the model does not recognize children as social actors—with direct experiences of poverty—nor as social agents who co‐construct parent–child relationships in a context of poverty.MethodThe authors use secondary survey data from Fair Shares and Families, which investigated children's and parents' experiences of, and involvement in, the sharing of family resources. The authors estimate linear structural equation models to test an adapted FSM, which includes separate pathways (for parents and children) from economic hardship to intra‐family conflict.ResultsBoth parent‐ and child‐reported economic pressure and psychological distress have significant direct and indirect associations with intra‐family conflict. The adapted model works the same way in lower and higher income households, as well as in lone parent and couple‐headed families.ConclusionChildren's experiences as social actors and influence as social agents are important in shaping parent–child relationships. This suggests that the standard FSM is limited in its insights about how economic hardship affects children and families and its policy applications for interventions to mitigate the impacts of child poverty. Research applying the FSM should seek to conceptualize children as active “child‐beings,” rather than as passive “adult‐becomings.”
Income and poverty status among women experiencing intimate partner violence: A positive social return on investment from civil legal aid services
Authors: Teufel James , Renner Lynette M. , Gallo Michael , Hartley Carolyn Copps 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examined the economic status of women who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) and sought civil legal aid services over 1 year. Women's average overall income increased, after accounting for both private income increases and public income decreases, by approximately $5500, and the odds of being in poverty 1 year after civil legal services decreased. The social return on investment estimate for total income impact relative to legal aid costs was 141%, meaning that women's overall income increased $2.41 for every $1 expended on legal aid services. Legal aid services can improve income and reduce poverty among women experiencing IPV.
A paramedian approach for dorsal root ganglion stimulation placement developed to limit lead migration and fracture
Authors: Chapman Kenneth B. , Spiegel Matthew A. , Dickerson David M. , Billet Bart , Patel Kiran V. , Hunter Corey , Antony Ajay , van Helmond Noud , Deer Timothy , Kallewaard Jan Willem , Hagedorn Jonathan M. , Yang Ajax 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionDorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG‐S), has demonstrated superiority in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome and causalgia. Lead migration and fracture impact DRG‐S therapeutic stability. Lead anchoring reduces DRG‐S lead migration without increasing lead fracture. Lead fracture may be related to lead entrapment in the superficial fascial plane. A novel medialized approach for lead placement and anchoring is presented to address these issues.MethodsWe suggest an alternative technique for implanting percutaneous DRG‐S leads at the T10‐L5 levels.ResultsA novel medialized ipsilateral technique for lead placement and anchoring for single, bilateral, and adjacent segment placement is presented. The Tuohy needle puncture site is medial to the pedicle and adjacent to the spinous process, two vertebral levels caudad to the target foramen. Trajectory is maintained in the sagittal plane, to access the caudad interlaminar space near the midline. This technique allows for ipsilateral or contralateral lead placement. After epidural access, the introducer sheath is rotated toward the targeted foramen and advanced. The guidewire followed by the lead is passed, and once lead position is confirmed, tension “S” loops are created, followed by anchoring to the deep fascia.ConclusionWe describe a new paramedian technique for DRG‐S lead placement. We propose it will decrease DRG‐S complication rates through anchoring to reduce migration and by avoiding the fascial planes thought to be responsible for fracture. Long‐term outcomes applying our proposed techniques are required for determining the true impact, however, early anecdotal results suggest that these new techniques are favorable.
Engineering chloroplast development in rice through cell‐specific control of endogenous genetic circuits
Authors: Lee Dong‐Yeon , Hua Lei , Khoshravesh Roxana , Giuliani Rita , Kumar Indrajit , Cousins Asaph , Sage Tammy L. , Hibberd Julian M. , Brutnell Thomas P. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe engineering of C4 photosynthetic activity into the C3 plant rice has the potential to nearly double rice yields. To engineer a two‐cell photosynthetic system in rice, the rice bundle sheath (BS) must be rewired to enhance photosynthetic capacity. Here, we show that BS chloroplast biogenesis is enhanced when the transcriptional activator, Oryza sativa Cytokinin GATA transcription factor 1 (OsCGA1), is driven by a vascular specific promoter. Ectopic expression of OsCGA1 resulted in increased BS chloroplast planar area and increased expression of photosynthesis‐associated nuclear genes (PhANG), required for the biogenesis of photosynthetically active chloroplasts in BS cells of rice. A further refinement using a DNAse dead Cas9 (dCas9) activation module driven by the same cell‐type specific promoter, directed enhanced chloroplast development of the BS cells when gRNA sequences were delivered by the dCas9 module to the promoter of the endogenous OsCGA1 gene. Single gRNA expression was sufficient to mediate the transactivation of both the endogenous gene and a transgenic GUS reporter fused with OsCGA1 promoter. Our results illustrate the potential for tissue‐specific dCas9‐activation and the co‐regulation of genes needed for multistep engineering of C4 rice.
A clear trade‐off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety in an aridland shrub during regrowth
Authors: Yao Guang‐Qian , Nie Zheng‐Fei , Zeng Yuan‐Yuan , Waseem Muhammad , Hasan Md. Mahadi , Tian Xue‐Qian , Liao Zhong‐Qiang , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Fang Xiang‐Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt has been suggested that a trade‐off between hydraulic efficiency and safety is related to drought adaptation across species. However, whether leaf hydraulic efficiency is sacrificed for safety during woody resprout regrowth after crown removal is not well understood. We measured leaf water potential (ψleaf) at predawn (ψpd) and midday (ψmid), leaf maximum hydraulic conductance (Kleaf‐max), ψleaf at induction 50% loss of Kleaf‐max (Kleaf P50), leaf area‐specific whole‐plant hydraulic conductance (LSC), leaf vein structure and turgor loss point (πtlp) in 1‐ to 13‐year‐old resprouts of the aridland shrub (Caragana korshinskii). ψpd was similar, ψmid and Kleaf P50 became more negative, and Kleaf–max decreased in resprouts with the increasing age; thus, leaf hydraulic efficiency clearly traded off against safety. The difference between ψmid and Kleaf P50, leaf hydraulic safety margin, increased gradually with increasing resprout age. More negative ψmid and Kleaf P50 were closely related to decreasing LSC and more negative πtlp, respectively, and the decreasing Kleaf‐max arose from the lower minor vein density and the narrower midrib xylem vessels. Our results showed that a clear trade‐off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety helps C. korshinskii resprouts adapt to increasing water stress as they approach final size.
Long‐term outcome of early steroid withdrawal in pediatric renal transplantation
Authors: Gajardo Macarena , Delucchi Angela , Pérez Diego , Cancino José M. , Gálvez Carla , Ledezma Ximena , Ceballos María L. , Lillo Ana M. , Cano Francisco , Guerrero José L. , Rojo Angélica , Azócar Marta , González Gloria , Pinilla Cesar , Correa Ramón , Toro Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSteroid use in renal transplant is related to multiple adverse effects. Long‐term effects of early withdrawal steroids in pediatric renal transplant were assessed.MethodsRenal transplant children with low immunological risk treated on basiliximab, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate with steroid withdrawal or steroid control were evaluated between 2003 and 2019. Clinical variables, treatment adherence, acute rejection, graft loss, and death were analyzed through hazard ratios, and Kaplan‐Meier and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe study included 152 patients, 71.1% steroid withdrawal, mean follow‐up 8.5 years, 64.5% structural abnormalities, and 81.6% deceased donor. At 12 years of transplant, event‐free survival analysis for graft loss or death showed no significant difference between steroid withdrawal and control steroid treatment (85.9% vs. 80.4%, p = .36) nor in acute rejection at 10 years (18.5% vs. 20.5%, p = .78) or in donor‐specific antibody appearance (19.6% vs. 21.4%, p = .98). Delta height Z‐score was increased in the steroid withdrawal group (p < .01). The main predictor of graft loss or death was non‐adherence to treatment (p = .001; OR: 17.5 [3.3–90.9]).ConclusionsSteroid withdrawal therapy was effective and safe for low‐risk pediatric renal transplant in long‐term evaluation. Non‐adherence was the main predictor of graft loss or death.
On the existence, uniqueness, and stability of periodic waves for the fractional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation
Authors: Amaral Sabrina , Borluk Handan , Muslu Gulcin M. , Natali Fábio , Oruc Goksu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe existence, uniqueness, and stability of periodic traveling waves for the fractional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation is considered. In our approach, we give sufficient conditions to prove a uniqueness result for the single‐lobe solution obtained by a constrained minimization problem. The spectral stability is then shown by determining that the associated linearized operator around the wave restricted to the orthogonal of the tangent space related to the momentum and mass at the periodic wave has no negative eigenvalues. We propose the Petviashvili's method to investigate the spectral stability of the periodic waves for the fractional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation, numerically. Some remarks concerning the orbital stability of periodic traveling waves are also presented.
Volunteers do the fun stuff ‒ Experiences from volunteer‒professional caregiver cooperation in nursing homes
Authors: Stølen Karen Marie Sangild 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe number of volunteers in Danish nursing homes is increasing. Volunteers cooperate with professional caregivers to improve the residents’ well‐being and quality of life as part of their palliative care. The Danish government encourages this volunteer involvement, which is partly intended to alleviate the resource constraints in municipal healthcare. Although volunteer roles are defined as complementary to the professional caregiver role, volunteer‒professional caregiver cooperation can be challenging.AimThis article explores the challenges experienced in volunteer‒professional caregiver cooperation in the general palliative care provided in nursing homes.MethodA qualitative design and a sociological phenomenological approach were adopted to answer the research question: What is experienced as challenging in the cooperation between volunteer and professional caregivers in the provision of care for elderly residents in everyday life in a nursing home? And what meanings and understandings are associated with these experiences? Data were collected by combining participant observations and interviews, and thematic analysis structured the analytical process.FindingsThe analysis of 115 hours of participant observations in two Danish nursing homes with 50‒60 volunteers involved and 16 interviews (eight with volunteers, eight with professional caregivers) identified two overall themes: ‘Symbolic indications of them and us’ (two sub‐themes) and ‘Meaning and action regarding the residents best interest’ (three sub‐themes).ConclusionsAn institutional distinction between volunteer versus professional caregiver domains contributed to a sense of ‘them and us’, which hindered common experiences and raised challenges concerning the mutual understanding of actions. The professional caregivers felt that they lacked the time to engage in social care activities with residents, for which volunteers otherwise had time. The coordinator role was a crucial link in coordinating the daily care activities for residents but marked by a sense of ambivalence among the professional caregivers.
Regulation of thymic T regulatory cell differentiation by TECs in health and disease
Authors: Tao Zehua , Jiang Yalan , Xia Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe thymus produces self‐limiting and self‐tolerant T cells through the interaction between thymocytes and thymus epithelial cells (TECs), thereby generating central immune tolerance. The TECs are composed of cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells, which regulate the positive and negative selection of T cells, respectively. During the process of negative selection, thymocytes with self‐reactive ability are deleted or differentiated into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a subset of suppressor T cells that are important for maintaining immune homeostasis. The differentiation and development of Tregs depend on the development of TECs and other underlying molecular mechanisms. Tregs regulated by thymic epithelial cells are closely related to human health and are significant in autoimmune diseases, thymoma and pregnancy. In this review, we summarize the current molecular and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms by which TECs affect the development and function of thymic Tregs. We also review the pathophysiological models of thymic epithelial cells regulating thymic Tregs in human diseases and specific physiological conditions.