bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Culture of Ameloblast-Originated HAT-7 Cells for Functional Modeling of Defective Tooth Enamel Formation
Authors: Földes Anna , Sang-Ngoen Thanyaporn , Kádár Kristóf , Rácz Róbert , Zsembery Ákos , DenBesten Pamela , Steward Martin C. , Varga Gábor 
Published: June 2021

Background: Amelogenesis, the formation of dental enamel, is well understood at the histomorphological level but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly characterized. Ameloblasts secrete enamel matrix proteins and Ca2+, and also regulate extracellular pH as the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals generates large quantities of protons. Genetic or environmental impairment of transport and regulatory processes (e.g. dental fluorosis) leads to the development of enamel defects such as hypomineralization.Aims: Our aims were to optimize the culture conditions for the three-dimensional growth of ameloblast-derived HAT-7 cells and to test the effects of fluoride exposure on HAT-7 spheroid formation.Methods: To generate 3D HAT-7 structures, cells were dispersed and plated within a Matrigel extracellular matrix scaffold and incubated in three different culture media. Spheroid formation was then monitored over a two-week period. Ion transporter and tight-junction protein expression was investigated by RT-qPCR. Intracellular Ca2+ and pH changes were measured by microfluorometry using the fluorescent dyes fura-2 and BCECF.Results: A combination of Hepato-STIM epithelial cell differentiation medium and Matrigel induced the expansion and formation of 3D HAT-7 spheroids. The cells retained their epithelial cell morphology and continued to express both ameloblast-specific and ion transport-specific marker genes. Furthermore, like two-dimensional HAT-7 monolayers, the HAT-7 spheroids were able to regulate their intracellular pH and to show intracellular calcium responses to extracellular stimulation. Finally, we demonstrated that HAT-7 spheroids may serve as a disease model for studying the effects of fluoride exposure during amelogenesis.Conclusion: In conclusion, HAT-7 cells cultivated within a Matrigel extracellular matrix form three-dimensional, multi-cellular, spheroidal structures that retain their functional capacity for pH regulation and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. This new 3D model will allow us to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in amelogenesis, not only in health but also in disorders of enamel formation, such as those resulting from fluoride exposure.
The Role of Temperature Variability on Seasonal Electricity Demand in the Southern US
Authors: Cawthorne Dylan , de Queiroz Anderson Rodrigo , Eshraghi Hadi , Sankarasubramanian Arumugam , DeCarolis Joseph F. 
Published: June 2021

The reliable and affordable supply of energy through interconnected systems represent a critical infrastructure challenge. Seasonal and interannual variability in climate variables—primarily precipitation and temperature—can increase the vulnerability of such systems during climate extremes. The objective of this study is to understand and quantify the role of temperature variability on electricity consumption over representative areas of the Southern United States. We consider two states, Tennessee and Texas, which represent different climate regimes and have limited electricity trade with adjacent regions. Results from regression tests indicate that regional population growth explains most of the variability in electricity demand at decadal time scales, whereas temperature explains 44–67% of the electricity demand variability at seasonal time scales. Seasonal temperature forecasts from general circulation models are also used to develop season-ahead power demand forecasts. Results suggest that the use of climate forecasts can potentially help to project future residential electricity demand at the monthly time scale.Capsule Summary: Seasonal temperature forecasts from GCMs can potentially help in predicting season-ahead residential power demand forecasts for states in the Southern US.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI INSTRINSIK, MOTIVASI EKSTRINSIK DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA HOTEL AYANA KOMODO RESORT, WAECICU BEACH LABUAN BAJO NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Latif Irawati Abdul , Abubakar Herminawati , Said Miah 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi intrinsik dan motivasi ekstrinsik terhadap perilaku kinerja karyawan Hotel Ayana Komodo Resort Weicicu Beach serta menganalisis pengaruh Budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan Hotel Ayana Komodo Resort Weicicu Beach. Adapun metode penelitian yakni penelitian asosiatif kausal dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, kusioner, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa Berdasarkan nilai signifikansi dari tabel coefients diperoleh nilai signifikansi X1 sebesar 0,122 < 0.05, nilai signifikansi X2 sebesar 0.099 < 0.05 dan nilai signifikansi X3 sebesar 0.063 < 0.05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel X (motivasi kestrinsi, motivasi intrinsic dan budaya organisasi) berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y (kinerja).
This study aims to analyze the effect of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation on employee performance behavior at Hotel Ayana Komodo Resort Waecicu Beach and to analyze the influence of organization culture on employee performance at Hotel Ayana Komodo Resort Weicicu Beach. The research method is causal associative research using a quantitative approach. The data is collected by using observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. The results show that, based on the significance value of the coefficients table, X1 significance value was 0.122 < 0.05, the X2 significance value was 0.099 < 0.05 and the X3 significance value was 0.063 < 0.05 so it could be concluded that the variable X (provincial motivation, intrinsic motivation and organizational culture) affects the variable Y (performance).
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK PENERIMA BANTUAN BERAS MISKIN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TOPSIS
Authors: Aulia Sabrina 
Published: June 2021

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang masih memiliki masyarakat kurang mampu. Untuk itu, sesuai dengan program pemerintah yang ingin membantu masyarakat miskin maka, pemerintah memberikan langsung bantuan kepada masyarakat berupa RASKIN. Dalam menentukan penerimaan raskin banyak kriteria-kriteria yang harus dimiliki seseorang sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkannya. Dalam hal ini Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dapat membantu memberikan solusi dalam menentukan masyarakat yang berhak menerima raskin. Metode TOPSIS merupakan metode yang digunakan dalam mendukung sistem ini. Metode ini mencari alternatif terbaik berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Dengan sistem ini, diharapkan proses penerimaan bantuan raskin dapat menghasilkan data yang sesuai dengan keadaan ekonomi penerima raskin. Sehingga pemberian raskin dapat menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien.
KONSEP MISKIN DALAM LUKAS-KISAH PARA RASUL
Authors: Barus Armand 
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Kemiskinan dalam Injil Lukas-Kisah Para Rasul seharusnya tidak dipahami sebagai kemiskinan rohani atau kemiskinan sosial atau kemiskinan moral. Kemiskinan dalam Injil Lukas-Kisah Para Rasul merujuk kepada kemiskinan ekonomi. Kesimpulan demikian diperoleh melalui perbandingan narasi unik dalam Lukas, narasi dalam Lukas dan Matius, dan narasi dalam Lukas, Matius, dan Markus. Lukas kemudian mendemonstrasikan dalam kitab Kisah Para Rasul bagaimana jemaat Kristen perdana memberi perhatian serius terhadap orang miskin materi. Kesatuan Injil Lukas-Kisah Para Rasul masih tetap dipertahankan meski konsep miskin yang dominan dalam Injil Lukas absen di dalam Kisah Para Rasul.
Kata Kunci: Injil Lukas, Kisah Para Rasul, tradisi L, tradisi Q, kesatuan Lukas-Kisah Para Rasul, miskin.

Abstract: Poverty in Luke-Acts should not be understood as spiritual or social or moral poverty. Poor people in Luke-Acts refer to the economically poor. This conclusion is reached through comparing narration unique to Luke, narrations in Luke and Matthew, and narrations in Luke, Matthew, and Mark. Luke then demonstrates in Acts how early Christian church seriously gave attention to the economically poor people. Unity Luke-Acts can be sustained although the concept of poverty which is dominant in Luke is absent in Acts.
Keyword: Luke, Acts, L tradition, Q tradition, Unity Luke-Acts, poor.
MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ HORMON TÁI TỔ HỢP Ở TRẺ THIẾU HỤT HORMON TĂNG TRƯỞNG
Authors: Chí Dũng Vũ , Thị Hằng Nguyễn 
Published: June 2021

Thiếu hụt hormon tăng trưởng là tình trạng tuyến yên không sản xuất đủ hormon tăng trưởng dẫn đến tình trạng lùn ở trẻ em. Tỷ lệ mới mắc dao động 1/3500 – 1/4000. Mục tiêu: Nhận xét một số yếu tố liên quan đến kết quả điều trị hormon tái tổ hợp ở trẻ thiếu hụt hormon tăng trưởng. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 159 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán và điều trị thiếu hụt hormon tăng trưởng tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ tháng 01 năm 2010 đến tháng 06 năm 2019. Nghiên cứu một loạt ca bệnh, đối chứng trước và sau điều trị. Kết quả: trong số 159 bệnh nhân thì nhóm bệnh nhân có nồng độ GH đỉnh test kích thích ≤ 5ng/ml có mối tương quan tuyến tính giữa tốc độ tăng trưởng chiều cao (cm) trong năm đầu với nồng độ GH đỉnh, nồng độ GH đỉnh càng thấp, tốc độ tăng trưởng càng cao; ngoài ra tuổi bắt đầu điều trị, tuổi xương thời điểm bắt đầu điều trị đều có mối tương quan tuyến tính với tốc độ tăng trưởng chiều cao (SDS, cm) trong năm đầu, điều trị càng sớm, tuổi xương càng thấp thì tốc độ tăng trưởng chiều cao năm đầu càng cao. Kết luận: Bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán và điều trị thiếu hụt hormon tăng trưởng sớm, tuổi xương và nồng độ GH đỉnh test kích thích thấp có đáp ứng tốt hơn với liệu pháp hormon tái tổ hợp thay thế.
Lietuvos kultūros paveldo ilgalaikio saugojimo strategija ir sklaidos programos
Authors: Varnienė-Janssen Regina 
Published: June 2021

Straipsnis skirtas apžvelgti Lietuvos kultūros paveldo ilgalaikio išsaugojimo įstatyminę bazę, pagrindinį dėmesį sutelkiant į dokumentus, reglamentuojančius kultūros paveldo išsaugojimą.
Atkreipiamas dėmesys į tai, kad naujosios galiojančių dokumentų pataisos nėra pakankamos interneto išteklių išsaugojimui užtikrinti, ir tuo pačiu į Lietuvos nacionalinės Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekos iniciatyvą parengti atskirą privalomojo egzemplioriaus įstatymą, leidžiantį nustatyti tvarką, pagal kurią Vyriausybės įgaliota institucija formuotų ir vykdytų privalomojo egzemplioriaus valstybinę politiką ir strategiją, užtikrinti viešosios informacijos teikėjų ir bibliotekų bendradarbiavimą, apibrėžti ir įvardyti elektroninių išteklių pristatymo metodus ir būdus, numatyti už kultūros paveldo kaupimą ir saugojimą atsakingas valstybines institucijas ir atsakingus asmenis, jų turimą atsakomybę. Taip pat aprašoma Nacionalinės bibliotekos iniciatyva dėl Lietuvos kultūros paveldo skaitmeninimo, skaitmeninio turinio saugojimo ir prieigos strategijos parengimo bei vykdomi skaitmeninio ir skaitmeninto paveldo ilgalaikio išsaugojimo ir sklaidos projektai.
Analisis Fitokimia Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Kulit Buah Jengkol (Pithecellobium Jiringga)
Authors: Wartono  , Mazmir  , Aryani Farida 
Published: June 2021

Kulit buah jengkol merupakan limbah yang biasanya berada di tempat-tempat seperti pasar tradisional yang sampai saat ini belum ada pemanfaatannya secara khusus. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui manfaat dan kandungan-kandungan dari limbah kulit buah jengkol tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan pada kulit buah jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringga). Kulit jengkol diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol pada suhu kamar, kemudian dilakukan pemekatan ekstrak menggunakan vacuum rotary evaporator sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kasar. Analisis fitokimia dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang meliputi flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin triterpenoid dan steroid. Untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi 3.12; 6.25; 12.5; 25; 50 ppm untuk menghitung nilai IC50 yaitu konsentrasi contoh uji yang mampu menghambat 50% radikal bebas dimana DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) digunakan sebagai radikal bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kulit buah jengkol memiliki kandungan fitokimia yaitu saponin, flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid, alkaloid dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tergolong kategori kuat dengan nilai IC50 29.24 ppm. Sebagai kontrol positif digunakan Ascorbic Acid dengan nilai IC50 2.8 ppm.
Heterotic Effects in Fls and Inbreeding Depression in F2 Hybrids of Sunflower
Authors: Memon Shahnaz , Baloch Muhammad Jurial , Baloch Gul Muhammad , Keerio Muhammad Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

Genetically diverse female lines of sunflower were crossed with male testers to get heterotic hybrids. Studies were carried-out during 2008-2010 at Experiment filed of Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. Six female lines like T-4-0319, PAC-0505, HO-I, Hysun-33, Peshawar-93 and CMS-03 and three testers i.e., PAC-0306, PAC-64-A and SF-187 were crossed in a line ´ tester mating design, thus 18 F1 and F2 hybrids were developed for evaluation of heterosis and inbreeding depression for days to initial flowering, days to maturity, leaves/plant, plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), 1000-achene weight (g), seed yield kg/ha and oil yield kg/ha. The experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design with four replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents, F1s and F2 hybrids for all the traits studied. The existence of significant genetic variability among the plant traits is particularly useful because variations in these traits would allow further improvement in sunflowerseed yield and oil traits. The F1 hybrids HO-I ´ PAC-0306 and HO-I PA ´ C-64-A exhibited desirable negative mid and better parent heterosis for days to initial flowering, days to maturity and plant height. These hybrids also manifested desirable positive heterotic effects for leaves/plant, head diameter, 1000-achenes weight, seed yield and oil yield. Inbreeding depression for phenological, seed yield and oil traits showed that desirable high inbreeding depression was observed in hybrids HO-I ´ P´AC-64-A, HO-I ´ PAC-0306 and HO-I ´ SF-187 for days to initial flowering, similarly T-4-0319 ´ PAC-0306, PAC-0505 ´ SF-187 and HO-I ´ PAC-64-A explicated maximum but rewarding inbreeding depression for days to maturity. The F2 hybrids Hysun-33 ´ SF-187 and Peshawer-93 ´ PAC-64-A may be the most desirable ones in the sense that they recorded comparatively moderate inbreeding depression with enough number of leaves to be productive if F2 hybrids are to be exploited for hybrid vigour. Low inbreeding depression for various traitsindicated that such hybrids some how favour the usefulness of F2 hybrids in sunflower.
Nitrogen Status of Soil and Plants in Apple Orchards of Quetta Valley, Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Zubair , Hyder Syed Ishtiaq , Arshadullah Muhammad , Muhammad Shah 
Published: June 2021

The study was planned to assess the nitrogen status of apple orchards around Quetta valley, Pakistan, through soil and plant analysis. Two hundred and forty soil samples were collected from 40 different locations of 05 orchards at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60- 75 and 75-90 cm depths. The soil samples were analysed for total nitrogen by Kjeldhals method. At the same time forty apple trees were selected for leaves samples and analysed for the total nitrogen content. Total nitrogen content in soil showed a sizeable variation ranging from 0.009 to 0.148%. Whereby, plant analysis registered minimum nitrogen content 1.06% and the maximum nitrogen content were 3.14% in apple plant leaves which confirms a great deficiency of nitrogen in apple orchards of Quetta valley.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Trace Metal Deposition Around the Petrol Filling Stations
Authors: Hashmi Durdana Rais , Shareef Akhtar , Khan Farooq Ahmad , Munshi Alia Bano 
Published: June 2021

The wide use of petroleum products causes contamination of air, water, soil and plants. The present study was conducted to monitor the trace metal deposition in road side soil around the petrol filling stations along the busy roads of Karachi, Pakistan. Total 21 road side soil samples were collected from selected locations of busy roads. The soil samples were digested using acid digestion method and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the elemental analysis. Results of the study showed that concentration of lead was highest in the soil samples ranging from 41.3 to 361 mg/kg, then copper from 23.0 to 101 mg/kg, manganese from 36.2 to 125.0 mg/kg and zinc from 27.5 to 213.0 mg/kg, respectively. The correlation-coefficient (r) was also calculated between the metals in soil samples. The correlation matrix showed that all the pollution is coming from the same source. The gravitational sedimentation and impact on vegetation of coarse fraction is responsible for the high lead contamination of vegetation and soils. Collected data showed that, almost all the pollution being generated by automobile exhaust in urban areas of Karachi. The soil acts as an important sink for pollutants released through different activities.
Variability in Foliar Phenolic Composition of Several Quercus Species in Northern Mexico
Authors: Arámbula-Salazar Jorge Armando , Almaraz-Abarca Norma , Corral-Rivas José Javier , Delgado-Alvarado Eli Amanda , Díaz-Moreno Raúl , Montiel-Antuna Eusebio 
Published: June 2021

Quantitative and qualitative composition of the foliar phenolic compounds were investigated in 81 individual specimens of several white oak species (Quercus spp.). The trees were growing in twelve locations in Durango, Mexico. The phenol profiles were determined by HPLC-DAD and a Folin-Ciocateu procedure. The results revealed that: (i) the foliar phenol profiles of all species analysed were complex and formed by 6 to 30 compounds, (ii) the flavonols mostly quercetin glycoside, isorhamnetin glycoside, kaempferol glycoside and phenolic acids were the main identified compounds, (iii) there was a high intra and inter-specific variability in the foliar phenol profiles both at the quantitative and qualitative levels, and (iv) the foliar phenol profiles indicated a slight species-specific tendency for phenols to be accumulated, although this was not clearly distinguished. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in the content and composition of the foliar flavonoids between species were observed due to the large environmental and soil conditions variability between localities.
DSC Cure Kinetics of an Unsaturated Polyester Resin Using Empirical Kinetic Model
Authors: Abdullah Iram 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the kinetics of curing of unsaturated polyester resin initiated with benzoyl peroxide was studied. In case of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin, isothermal test alone could not predict correctly the curing time of UP resin. Therefore, isothermal kinetic analysis through isoconventional adjustment was used to correctly predict the curing time and temperature of UP resin. Isothermal kinetic analysis through isoconversional adjustment indicated that 97% of UP resin cures in 33 min at 120 °C. Curing of UP resin through microwaves was also studied and found that 67% of UP resin cures in 1 min at 120 °C. The crosslinking reaction of UP resin is so fast at 120 °C that it becomes impossible to predict correctly the curing time of UP resin using isothermal test and the burial of C=C bonds in microgels makes it impossible to be fully cured by microwaves at 120 °C. The rheological behaviour of unsaturated polyester resin was also studied to observe the change in viscosity with respect to time and temperature.
Solving a Mystery in Levels-of-Processing Research: The Word-First Paradigm
Authors: Tekin Eylul , Roediger Henry L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the standard levels-of-processing (LOP) paradigm, subjects are presented with a question directing them to attend to surface features (case), phonetic features (rhyme), or semantic features (category) of an upcoming word. Answering the question greatly affects recall and recognition for the word, and this outcome is attributed to differing LOP of the word. Craik (1977) reasoned that if the words appeared before the questions (i.e., the word-first paradigm) under intentional learning instructions, the LOP effect would disappear. However, when he conducted experiments using the word-first paradigm, the effect remained. We conducted 2 experiments to try to explain this puzzle. In the first experiment, we replicated Craik’s findings in one condition, and in other conditions we asked subjects to make judgments of learning (JOLs) in an attempt to eliminate the LOP effect because JOLs seem to promote deep processing. However, the LOP effect still occurred, albeit in attenuated form. In Experiment 2, we tested 2 new conditions to overcome and explain the LOP effect in the word-first paradigm. In one case, subjects were instructed to use idiosyncratic study strategies to memorize the word; the second condition required subjects to perform pleasantness judgments on the words. The pleasantness rating condition eliminated the LOP effect, but the first did not. We conclude that in the word-first paradigm, subjects typically keep the word in mind without semantic processing using rote rehearsal, despite intentional learning instructions.
Reliability of hip muscle strength measured in principal and intermediate planes of movement
Authors: Goncalves Basilio A.M. , Saxby David J. , Kositsky Adam , Barrett Rod S. , Diamond Laura E. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Muscle strength testing is widely used in clinical and athletic populations. Commercially available dynamometers are designed to assess strength in three principal planes (sagittal, transverse, frontal). However, the anatomy of the hip suggests muscles may only be recruited submaximally during tasks performed in these principal planes.

Objective
To evaluate the inter-session reliability of maximal isometric hip strength in the principal planes and three intermediate planes.

Methods
Twenty participants (26.1 ± 2.7 years, 50% female) attended two testing sessions 6.2 ± 1.8 days apart. Participants completed 3-5 maximal voluntary isometric contractions for hip abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation measured using a fixed uniaxial load cell (custom rig) and commercial dynamometer (Biodex). Three intermediate hip actions were also tested using the custom rig: extension with abduction, extension with external rotation, and extension with both abduction and external rotation.

Results
Moderate-to-excellent intraclass correlation coefficients were observed for all principal and intermediate muscle actions using the custom rig (0.72–0.95) and the Biodex (0.85–0.95). The minimum detectable change was also similar between devices (custom rig = 11–31%; Biodex = 9–20%). Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement between devices (range between upper and lower limits of agreement = 77–131%).

Conclusions
Although the custom rig and Biodex showed similar reliability, both devices may lack the sensitivity to detect small changes in hip strength commonly observed following intervention.