bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the variety on the adsorption of anthocyanins and tannins on grape flesh cell walls
Authors: Abi‐Habib Elissa , Vernhet Aude , Roi Stéphanie , Carrillo Stéphanie , Jørgensen Bodil , Hansen Jeanett , Doco Thierry , Poncet‐Legrand Céline 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring winemaking, after extraction from the skins, anthocyanins and tannins adsorb onto the pulp flesh cell walls. The present study aimed to quantify the amounts adsorbed and their impact on wine composition, the impact of variety and ethanol on adsorption, and whether the presence of anthocyanins plays a role and impacts tannin adsorption.RESULTSAnthocyanin and tannin fractions obtained by mimicking winemaking conditions were mixed with fresh flesh cell walls of two varieties: Carignan and Grenache. Adsorption isotherms were measured. Adsorption of tannins was higher with Carignan than with Grenache and decreased when the ethanol content increased. In comparison, anthocyanins were adsorbed in small amounts, and their mixing with tannins had no impact on their adsorption. The differences were related to differences in pulp cell wall composition, particularly in terms of extensins and arabinans.CONCLUSIONAdsorption of tannins, which can reach 50% of the initial amount, depends on the pulp cell wall composition. This needs to be investigated further. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fluorinated Phthalonitrile Resin with Excellent Thermal Stability and Low Dielectric Constant for High‐Frequency Electronic Packaging
Authors: Wu Minjie , Gu Yuxuan , Hao Diyi , Chen Xinggang , Yu Xiaoyan , Zhang Qingxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhthalonitrile (PN) resin promising material for preparing high‐speed and high‐frequency electronic packaging because of its unique hightemperature resistance and excellent insulation performance. A fluorinated PN oligomer (4,4’‐bis (p‐perfluoro‐phenol‐(bis(p‐phenol)perflouoropropane‐2,2‐diyl)‐p‐oxy‐diphthalonitrile) (PFDP)) containing trifluoromethyl and decafluorobiphenyl groups are designed, synthesized, and characterized. The oligomer is blended with 4‐(aminophenoxy) phthalonitrile (APPH), and then cured into polymers under the temperature‐programmed process. The reactive blend has good processability, and structures of isoindole, triazine ring, and phthalocyanine ring are found in the curing reactions. The fluorinated PN (P‐380) shows outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties (5% thermal degradation temperature: 518 °C (N2); 516 (Air), THeat‐resistance index: 268 °C, activation energy of thermal decomposition: 334.89 kJ mol−1, glass transition temperature (Tg) > 400 °C). Meanwhile, the fluorinated PN simultaneously exhibited a superior low dielectric constant (Dk, 2.21) and dielectric loss (Df, 0.01) at 10 GHz. Moreover, the water absorption of the resin is as low as 0.74%, which meets the requirement of dielectric materials. These results would strongly suggest such PFDP PN resin as excellent packaging materials in those high‐tech applications such as aerospace and communication electronic devices.
Alkaline Stability Evaluation of Polymerizable Hexyl‐Tethered Ammonium Cations
Authors: Ertem S. Piril , Coughlin E. Bryan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the important challenges in designing robust alkaline anion exchange membranes is the difficulty associated with the chemical stability of covalently bound cationic units. Here, a systematic study exploring alkaline stabilities of polymerizable hexyltrimethylammonium cations is presented, where the hexyl chain is linked to a phenyl ring through a direct carbon‐carbon, phenyl ether, or benzyl ether functionality. For this work, small molecule model compounds, styrenic monomer analogs, and their homopolymers are synthesized. Alkaline stabilities of the small molecule cations and their homopolymers are compared to alkaline stability of benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) cation and its homopolymer poly(BTMA), respectively. All the hexyl‐tethered cations and their homopolymers are significantly more stable under strongly alkaline conditions (2 m KOD at 80 °C). Moreover, ether‐linked cations show comparable stability to the direct carbon‐carbon linked cation. Via 1H NMR analyses, possible degradation mechanisms are investigated for each small molecule cation. Findings of this study strongly suggest that the alkaline stability is dictated by the steric hindrance around the β‐hydrogen. This study expands beyond the limits of general knowledge on alkaline stability of alkyl‐tethered ammonium cations via the Hofmann elimination route, highlights important design parameters for stable ammonium cations, and demonstrates accessible directly polymerizable alkaline stable ammonium cations.
Strain Sensing Behavior of 3D Printable and Wearable Conductive Polymer Composites Filled with Silane‐Modified MWCNTs
Authors: Wu Zhi , Jin Yuan , Li Guangyong , Zhang Minghua , Du Jianke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract3D printing of conductive polymers is an attractive technique for achieving high flexibility, wearability, and sensing characteristics without geometrical limitations. However, there is an urgent need to integrate printability, conductivity, and sensing capability. Herein, a conductive polymer ink for 3D printing that combines the desirable features of high electrical conductivity, flexible stretchability, and strain‐sensing monitoring is prepared. The ink matrix is polydimethylsiloxane and synergistically enhanced by acetylene carbon black (ACB) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (silane or un‐silane‐modified). The inks are screened step‐by‐step to explore their printability, rheology, mechanical properties, and electrical performance upon loading. The formation of an electrically conductive network, electrical properties upon tensile load, and strain sensing stability under cyclic stretching are investigated intensively. It is demonstrated that conductive polymers filled by ACB and silane‐modified, MWCNTs (MWCNTs‐MTES) possess superior printability, stretchability, conductivity, and strain sensing behaviors. Finally, a flexible wearable strain‐sensing skin patch is printed, and it successfully records joint motion signals on human fingers, wrists, and elbows with good stability and repeatability. Those results show the extent of potential applications in healthcare and motion monitoring fields. This work provides an efficient and simple route to achieve comfortably wearable and high‐performance strain sensors.
Technical note: Monte Carlo study of the mechanism of proton–boron fusion therapy
Authors: Meyer Henry J. , Titt Uwe , Mohan Radhe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeProton beam therapy has been found to have enhanced biological effectiveness in targets that contain the boron isotope 11B, with the alpha particles resulting from the p + 11B → 3α reaction being hypothesized as the mechanism; in this study, we aimed to elucidate the causes of the enhanced biological effectiveness of proton–boron fusion therapy by performing a detailed Monte Carlo study of the p + 11B → 3α reaction in a phantom geometry.MethodsWe utilized the Geant4 toolkit to create Monte Carlo particle physics simulations. These simulations consisted of a proton beam with a range 30 mm, creating a Spread‐Out Bragg Peak with a modulation width of 10 mm, directed into a water phantom containing a region of boron material. Energy deposition, particle energy, and particle fluence were scored along the path of the beam and grouped by particle species. The scoring was performed using a series of cylindrical volumes with a radius of 2.5 mm and depth of 0.1 mm, constructed such that the depth was parallel to the proton beam. Root was then used to perform the data analysis.ResultsOur simulations showed that the dose delivered by alpha particles produced by p + 11B → 3α was several orders of magnitude lower than the dose delivered directly by protons, even when the boron uptake region was comprised entirely of natural boron or pure 11B.ConclusionsOur findings do not support the theory that an alpha particle‐based mechanism is responsible for the enhanced biological effectiveness of proton–boron fusion therapy. We conclude that any enhanced biological effect seen in experimental studies was not caused by fusion reactions between protons and 11B nuclei. However, it is necessary to reproduce the past experiments that indicated significant dose enhancement.
Thermoacoustic tomography from magnetic nanoparticles by single‐pulse magnetic field
Authors: Liu Hongjia , Li Yanhong , Liu Guoqiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeA mechanism of single‐pulse magnetic field (SMF) inducing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to generate the thermoacoustic (TA) wave is proposed, and its feasibility is proved by simulation and experiment.MethodsAccording to the principle of dimensional consistency, it is proposed that the internal energy variation of MNPs under the adiabatic condition mainly stems from the accumulation of magnetization energy, which leads to the magnetothermal effect, and then the TA wave is excited by thermal expansion. The analytical model of the forward problem is derived based on the method of space‐time separation. The magnetization curve of MNPs is obtained from Langevin theory, and a three‐dimension simulation model based on the magnetization curve is established to analyze the generation process of the TA wave. In the Experimental section, a gel phantom with a 0.5 mm gap is prepared with the magnetic fluid injecting into the gap, and the cross‐sectional image of the gel phantom is reconstructed by the image fusion algorithm based on B‐scan imaging.ResultsThe simulation analysis shows that the generated TA signal can reflect the boundary information of the MNPs region, and when the MNPs are in the unsaturated magnetized region, the intensity of the TA signal is positively correlated with the concentration of MNPs. The B‐scan imaging along the X‐axis and Y‐axis directions are obtained through the experimental data. After that, the phantom with 0.5 mm gap labeled by MNPs is faithfully reconstructed by combining image morphology processing and image fusion technology based on wavelet transform.ConclusionsThe results show that the TA tomography from MNPs by SMF uses MNPs as a contrast agent to reconstruct the size and shape of the marked phantom with submillimeter resolution, which is expected to reconstruct the image of the tumor labeled by MNPs in the future. However, it is also a certain challenge to use low‐concentration MNPs to image in vivo.
Role of the gut microbiome in cardiovascular drug response: The potential for clinical application
Authors: Steiner Heidi E. , Gee Kevin , Giles Jason , Knight Hayley , Hurwitz Bonnie L , Karnes Jason H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResponse to cardiovascular drugs can vary greatly between individuals, and the role of the microbiome in this variability is being increasingly appreciated. Recent evidence indicates that bacteria and other microbes are responsible for direct and indirect effects on drug efficacy and toxicity. Pharmacomicrobiomics aims to uncover variability in drug response due to microbes in the human body, which may alter drug disposition through microbial metabolism, interference by microbial metabolites, or modification of host enzymes. In this review, we present recent advances in our understanding of the interplay between microbes, host metabolism, and cardiovascular drugs. We report numerous cardiovascular drugs with evidence of, or potential for, gut‐microbe interactions. However, the effects of gut microbiota on many cardiovascular drugs are yet uninvestigated. Finally, we consider potential clinical applications for the described findings.
Identification of essential genes involved in metabolism‐based resistance mechanism to fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl in Polypogon fugax
Authors: Zhao Ning , Yang Jiajia , Jiang Minghao , Liao Min , Cao Haiqun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetabolic resistance is a worldwide concern for weed control but has not yet been well‐characterized at the genetic level. Previously, we have identified an Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.) population AHHY exhibiting cytochrome P450 (P450)‐involved metabolic resistance to fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl. In this study, we aimed to confirm the metabolic fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl resistance in AHHY and uncover the potential herbicide metabolism‐related genes in this economically damaging weed species.RESULTSLiquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assays indicated the metabolic rates of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl were significantly faster in resistant (R, AHHY) than in susceptible (S, SDTS) plants. The amount of phytotoxic fenoxaprop‐P peaked at 12 h after herbicide treatment (HAT) and started to decrease at 24 HAT in both biotypes. R and S plants at 24 HAT were sampled to conduct isoform‐sequencing (Iso‐Seq) and RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐Seq). A reference transcriptome containing 24 972 full‐length isoforms was obtained, of which 24 329 unigenes were successfully annotated. Transcriptomic profiling identified 28 detoxifying enzyme genes constitutively and/or herbicide‐induced up‐regulated in R than in S plants. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) confirmed 17 genes were consistently up‐regulated in R and its F1 generation plants. They were selected as potential fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl metabolism‐related genes, including ten P450s, one glutathione‐S‐transferase, one UDP‐glucosyltransferase, and five adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette transporters.CONCLUSIONThis study revealed that the enhanced rates of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl metabolism in P. fugax were very likely driven by the herbicide metabolism‐related genes. The transcriptome data generated by Iso‐Seq combined with RNA‐Seq will provide abundant gene resources for understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance in P. fugax.
Nickel Complexes of 2,3,5,6‐tetra‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazine Containing [Ln(NO3)5]2− [Ln(III)=Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er] as Counterions‐Syntheses, Structures and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Hou Xin‐Wen , Ye Ping , Li Yan , Wang Kai , Liang Wen‐Jie , Zhang Xiu‐Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSolvothermal reaction of [Ni(tppz)2](NO3)2 with Ln(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O afforded a 3d–4f heterometallic coordination complexes [Ni(tppz)2][Ln(NO3)5] ((where tppz = 2,3,5,6‐tetra(2‐pyridyl) pyrazine and Ln(III) = Nd (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), Tb (4), Dy (5), Er (6)). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and powder X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, UV‐Vis absorption properties of 1–6 and solid‐state luminescence properties of 2 and 4 are also discussed.
Algebraic surfaces determine analyticity of functions
Authors: Bochnak Jacek , Kucharz Wojciech 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet $$f :X \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

f
:
X
→
R

be a function defined on a nonsingular real algebraic set X of dimension at least 3. We prove that f is an analytic (resp. a Nash) function whenever the restriction $$f|_{S}$$

f
|

S

is an analytic (resp. a Nash) function for every nonsingular algebraic surface $$S \subset X$$

S
⊂
X

whose each connected component is homeomorphic to the unit 2-sphere. Furthermore, the surfaces S can be replaced by compact nonsingular algebraic curves in X, provided that dim$$X \ge 2$$

X
≥
2

and f is of class $$\mathcal {C}^{\infty }$$

C

∞

.
A cryptic variation in a member of the Ovate Family Proteins is underlying the melon fruit shape QTL fsqs8.1
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Cecilia , Gonzalo Maria José , Sipowicz Pablo , Campos Manuel , Martínez-Fernández Irene , Leida Carmen , Zouine Mohammed , Alexiou Konstantinos G. , Garcia-Mas Jordi , Gómez María Dolores , Tornero Pablo , Pérez-Amador Miguel Ángel , Esteras Cristina , Picó Belén , Romero Carlos , Monforte Antonio J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Key message
The gene underlying the melon fruit shape QTL fsqs8.1 is a member of the Ovate Family Proteins. Variation in fruit morphology is caused by changes in gene expression likely due to a cryptic structural variation in this locus.

Abstract
Melon cultivars have a wide range of fruit morphologies. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified underlying such diversity. This research focuses on the fruit shape QTL fsqs8.1, previously detected in a cross between the accession PI 124112 (CALC, producing elongated fruit) and the cultivar ‘Piel de Sapo’ (PS, producing oval fruit). The CALC fsqs8.1 allele induced round fruit shape, being responsible for the transgressive segregation for this trait observed in that population. In fact, the introgression line CALC8-1, carrying the fsqs8.1 locus from CALC into the PS genetic background, produced perfect round fruit. Following a map-based cloning approach, we found that the gene underlying fsqs8.1 is a member of the Ovate Family Proteins (OFP), CmOFP13, likely a homologue of AtOFP1 and SlOFP20 from Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato, respectively. The induction of the round shape was due to the higher expression of the CALC allele at the early ovary development stage. The fsqs8.1 locus showed an important structural variation, being CmOFP13 surrounded by two deletions in the CALC genome. The deletions are present at very low frequency in melon germplasm. Deletions and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fsqs8.1 locus could not be not associated with variation in fruit shape among different melon accessions, what indicates that other genetic factors should be involved to induce the CALC fsqs8.1 allele effects. Therefore, fsqs8.1 is an example of a cryptic variation that alters gene expression, likely due to structural variation, resulting in phenotypic changes in melon fruit morphology.
Strain-hardening properties of the high-entropy alloy MoNbTaTiVZr processed by high-pressure torsion
Authors: Duan Chuyi , Reiberg Marius , Kutlesa Peter , Li Xiaohu , Pippan Reinhard , Werner Ewald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn equiatomic MoNbTaTiVZr refractory high-entropy alloy (HEA) produced by arc melting was processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental results indicated a dual-phase microstructure composed of about 85% BCC Zr-depleted and 15% BCC Zr-rich phase in the as-cast condition. HPT causes grain refinement and an increase in dislocation density without the formation of new phases. After four revolutions, the Zr-depleted phase was hardened to $$\sim $$
∼
540 HV, while the Zr-rich phase exhibited softening with a decrease in hardness to $$\sim $$
∼
480 HV. The occurrence of a vortex-like microstructure and the analysis of elemental concentrations indicated a shear-induced mechanical homogenization, which was supposed to be the cause of the observed softening.
5-axis double-flank CNC machining of spiral bevel gears via custom-shaped tools—Part II: physical validations and experiments
Authors: Escudero Gaizka Gómez , Bo Pengbo , González-Barrio Haizea , Calleja-Ochoa Amaia , Bartoň Michael , de Lacalle Luis Norberto López 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, a new methodology for 5-axis flank computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining, called double-flank machining, has been introduced (see “5-axis double-flank CNC machining of spiral bevel gears via custom-shaped milling tools—Part I: Modeling and simulation”). Certain geometries, such as curved teeth of spiral bevel gear, admit this approach where the machining tool has tangential contact with the material block on two sides, yielding a more efficient variant of flank machining. To achieve high machining accuracy, the path-planning algorithm, however, does not look only for the path of the tool, but also for the shape of the tool itself. The proposed approach is validated by series of physical experiments using an abrasive custom-shaped tool specifically designed for a particular type of a spiral bevel gear. The potential of this new methodology is shown in the semifinishing stage of gear manufacturing, where it outperforms traditional ball end milling by an order of magnitude in terms of machining time, while keeping, or even improving, the machining error.
Approaches to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assessment of glyphosate residues in wine
Authors: Pérez-Mayán L. , Castro G. , Ramil M. , Cela R. , Rodríguez I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe performance of two different analytical methodologies to investigate the presence of glyphosate (GLY) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in wine samples was evaluated. Transformation of compounds in their fluorene-9-methyloxycarbonyl derivatives permitted their separation under reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) determination. Although the wine matrix severely impaired the efficiency of GLY derivatization, this drawback was solved using a molecularly imprinted sorbent for the previous, selective extraction of GLY and AMPA from wine. Alternatively, the use of a strong anionic exchange, polyvinyl alcohol-based LC column, turned to be the most effective alternative for direct determination of both compounds in diluted wine samples. The chromatographic behavior of this column and the magnitude of matrix effects observed during analysis of diluted wine samples were significantly affected by the composition of the mobile phase. Under final working conditions, this column permitted the separation of AMPA and the fungicide fosetyl (which shows common transitions in tandem MS/MS methods), it improved significantly the sample throughput versus extraction-derivatization-purification method, and it allowed the use of solvent-based calibration standards. Both analytical procedures provided similar limits of quantification (LOQs) for GLY (0.5–1.0 ng mL−1), while the multistep method was 8 times more sensitive to AMPA than the direct procedure. GLY residues stayed above method LOQs in 70% of the processed wines; however, concentrations measured in 95% of positive samples remained 100 times below the maximum residue limit (MRL) set for GLY in vinification grapes.
Graphical abstract
Diet-related urine collections: assistance in categorization of hyperoxaluria
Authors: Dill Hannah , Martin-Higueras Cristina , Hoppe Bernd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHyperoxaluria, one of the major risk factors for calcium oxalate urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, causes significant morbidity and mortality and should therefore be detected and treated as soon as possible. An early, consequent and adequate evaluation, but also a distinction between primary (PH) and secondary hyperoxaluria (SH) is therefore essential. We evaluated the usefulness of three consecutive 24-h urine collections under different diets [usual diet, (A), low oxalate diet, (B), high oxalate diet, (C)] to prove SH, or to find evidence of PH by changes in urinary oxalate excretion (Uox). We retrospectively analyzed results from 96 pediatric patients (47 females and 49 males, age 3–18 years) who presented with a history of nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and/or persistent hematuria in whom hyperoxaluria was found in an initial urine sample. The typical pattern of SH was found in 34 patients (mean Uox (A) 0.85 ± 0.29, (B) 0.54 ± 0.15 and (C) 0.95 ± 0.28 mmol/1.73m2/d). PH was suspected in 13 patients [(A) 1.21 ± 0.75; (B) 1.47 ± 0.51 and (C) 1.60 ± 0.82 mmol/1.73m2/d], but genetically proven only in 1/5 patients examined. No hyperoxaluria was found in 16 patients. Data were inconclusive in 33 patients. Urine collection under different diets is helpful to diagnose secondary hyperoxaluria and may provide evidence, that urinary oxalate excretion is normal. We have now established this procedure as our first diagnostic step before further, more extensive and more expensive evaluations are performed.