bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of undernutrition and potential risk factors among children under 5 years of age in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Kebede Damitie , Merkeb Yidnekachew , Worku Eyerusalem , Aragaw Hayat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
More than one-third of deaths during the first 5 years of life are attributed to undernutrition, which are mostly preventable through economic development and public health measures. The present study aimed to explore the potential risk factors of undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were used. A total of 974 children under 5 years of age were involved. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used at a 5 % level of significance to determine the individual- and community-level factors associated with childhood undernutrition. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 46⋅3, 9⋅8 and 28⋅4 %, respectively. About 23⋅1 % of children were both stunting and underweight, 7⋅3 % were both underweight and wasting and 4⋅5 % of children had all three conditions. Among the factors considered in the present study, the age of a child in months, birth weight, mother educational level, sex of household head, sources of drinking water and the type of toilet facility were significantly associated with undernutrition in the Amhara Region. Undernutrition among under-five children was one of the public health problems in the Amhara Region. The potential risk factors should be considered to develop strategies for reducing undernutrition in the Amhara Region. Finally, improving the living standards of the children is important to get better health care, to enhance the child's nutritional status and to reduce child mortality.
The lure of the private sector: career prospects affect selection out of Congress
Authors: Egerod Benjamin C. K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDoes the potential for a successful private sector career induce legislators to leave office? How does this affect the representation voters receive? I show that when former US senators—who now work as lobbyists—become more successful, currently serving senators with similar characteristics are more likely to take private sector employment. I replicate all results on data from the House. A number of tests suggest that senators react to the opportunity costs of holding office. Investigating selection effects, I find that legislative specialists are attracted the most in the Senate. Preliminary evidence suggests that the least wealthy respond most strongly in the House. This suggests that the revolving door shapes the skill set of legislators and the representation voters receive.
Polymorphisms in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene modify blood glucose response to dietary oils varying in MUFA content in adults with obesity
Authors: Mutch David M. , Lowry Dana E. , Roth Michael , Sihag Jyoti , Hammad Shatha S. , Taylor Carla G. , Zahradka Peter , Connelly Philip W. , West Sheila G. , Bowen Kate , Kris-Etherton Penny M. , Lamarche Benoît , Couture Patrick , Guay Valérie , Jenkins David J. A. , Eck Peter , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiets varying in SFA and MUFA content can impact glycaemic control; however, whether underlying differences in genetic make-up can influence blood glucose responses to these dietary fatty acids is unknown. We examined the impact of dietary oils varying in SFA/MUFA content on changes in blood glucose levels (primary outcome) and whether these changes were modified by variants in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene (secondary outcome). Obese men and women participating in the randomised, crossover, isoenergetic, controlled-feeding Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial II consumed three dietary oils for 6 weeks, with washout periods of ˜6 weeks between each treatment. Diets studied included a high SFA/low MUFA Control oil (36·6 % SFA/28·2 % MUFA), a conventional canola oil (6·2 % SFA/63·1 % MUFA) and a high-oleic acid canola oil (5·8 % SFA/74·7 % MUFA). No differences in fasting blood glucose were observed following the consumption of the dietary oils. However, when stratified by SCD genotypes, significant SNP-by-treatment interactions on blood glucose response were found with additive models for rs1502593 (P = 0·01), rs3071 (P = 0·02) and rs522951 (P = 0·03). The interaction for rs3071 remained significant (P = 0·005) when analysed with a recessive model, where individuals carrying the CC genotype showed an increase (0·14 (sem 0·09) mmol/l) in blood glucose levels with the Control oil diet, but reductions in blood glucose with both MUFA oil diets. Individuals carrying the AA and AC genotypes experienced reductions in blood glucose in response to all three oils. These findings identify a potential new target for personalised nutrition approaches aimed at improving glycaemic control.
Corporate R&D and Stock Returns: International Evidence
Authors: Hou Kewei , Hsu Po-Hsuan , Wang Shiheng , Watanabe Akiko , Xu Yan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFirms with higher R&D intensity subsequently experience higher stock returns in international stock markets, highlighting the role of intangible investments in international asset pricing. The R&D effect is stronger in countries where growth option risk is more likely priced, but is unrelated to country characteristics representing market sentiments and limits-of-arbitrage. Moreover, we find that R&D intensity is associated with higher future operating performance, return volatility, and default likelihood. Our evidence suggests that the cross sectional relation between R&D intensity and stock returns is more likely attributable to risk premium than to mispricing.
Why Do Mutual Funds Hold Lottery Stocks?
Authors: Agarwal Vikas , Jiang Lei , Wen Quan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe provide evidence regarding mutual funds’ motivation to hold lottery stocks. Funds with higher managerial ownership invest less in lottery stocks, suggesting that managers themselves do not prefer such stocks. The evidence instead supports that managers cater to fund investors’ preference for such stocks. In particular, funds with more lottery holdings attract larger flows after portfolio disclosure compared with their peers, and poorly performing funds tend to engage in risk shifting by increasing their lottery holdings toward year-ends. Funds’ aggregate holdings of lottery stocks contribute to their overpricing.
Value of copeptin and S100B protein in the differential diagnosis of central vertigo and peripheral vertigo
Authors: Koyuncu M , Cakmak F , Guzel M , Yavasoglu O H , Biberoglu S , Ipekci A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the usefulness of copeptin and S100B levels in the differentiation of central and peripheral vertigo.MethodsNinety patients were included in the study. Copeptin and S100B levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.ResultsThe time between symptom onset and presentation to the emergency department was longer in the patients diagnosed with central vertigo. S100B and copeptin levels were significantly higher in central vertigo patients. The confirmed cut-off value was 17 for the S100B level and 1.65 for the copeptin level.ConclusionQuick and reliable differentiation between central and peripheral vertigo is important to reduce the length of hospital stay of patients in the emergency department, and for patient comfort. S100B and copeptin levels are potential biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of central vertigo and peripheral vertigo for patients whose aetiology of vertigo cannot be differentially diagnosed with history-taking and physical examination.
Post coronavirus disease mucormycosis: a deadly addition to the pandemic spectrum
Authors: Sharma S , Grover M , Bhargava S , Samdani S , Kataria T 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the possible association between invasive fungal sinusitis (mucormycosis) and coronavirus disease.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre over four months, involving all patients with mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses suffering from or having a history of coronavirus disease infection.ResultsTwenty-three patients presented with mucormycosis, all had an association with coronavirus disease 2019. The ethmoids (100 per cent) were the most common sinuses affected. Intra-orbital extension was seen in 43.47 per cent of cases, while intracranial extension was only seen in 8.69 per cent. Diabetes mellitus was present in 21 of 23 cases, and was uncontrolled in 12 cases. All patients had a history of steroid use during their coronavirus treatment.ConclusionNew manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 are appearing over time. The association between coronavirus and mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses must be given serious consideration. Uncontrolled diabetes and over-zealous use of steroids are two main factors aggravating the illness, and both of these must be properly checked.
Effects of polygenic risk for major mental disorders and cross-disorder on cortical complexity
Authors: Schmitt Simon , Meller Tina , Stein Frederike , Brosch Katharina , Ringwald Kai , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Bordin Clemens , Peusch Nina , Steinsträter Olaf , Grotegerd Dominik , Dohm Katharina , Meinert Susanne , Förster Katharina , Redlich Ronny , Opel Nils , Hahn Tim , Jansen Andreas , Forstner Andreas J. , Streit Fabian , Witt Stephanie H. , Rietschel Marcella , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Nöthen Markus M. , Dannlowski Udo , Krug Axel , Kircher Tilo , Nenadić Igor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMRI-derived cortical folding measures are an indicator of largely genetically driven early developmental processes. However, the effects of genetic risk for major mental disorders on early brain development are not well understood.MethodsWe extracted cortical complexity values from structural MRI data of 580 healthy participants using the CAT12 toolbox. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and cross-disorder (incorporating cumulative genetic risk for depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) were computed and used in separate general linear models with cortical complexity as the regressand. In brain regions that showed a significant association between polygenic risk for mental disorders and cortical complexity, volume of interest (VOI)/region of interest (ROI) analyses were conducted to investigate additional changes in their volume and cortical thickness.ResultsThe PRS for depression was associated with cortical complexity in the right orbitofrontal cortex (right hemisphere: p = 0.006). A subsequent VOI/ROI analysis showed no association between polygenic risk for depression and either grey matter volume or cortical thickness. We found no associations between cortical complexity and polygenic risk for either schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or psychiatric cross-disorder when correcting for multiple testing.ConclusionsChanges in cortical complexity associated with polygenic risk for depression might facilitate well-established volume changes in orbitofrontal cortices in depression. Despite the absence of psychopathology, changed cortical complexity that parallels polygenic risk for depression might also change reward systems, which are also structurally affected in patients with depressive syndrome.
Grammatical performance in children with dyslexia: the contributions of individual differences in phonological memory and statistical learning
Authors: van Witteloostuijn Merel , Boersma Paul , Wijnen Frank , Rispens Judith 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have signaled grammatical difficulties in individuals with developmental dyslexia. These difficulties may stem from a phonological deficit, but may alternatively be explained through a domain-general deficit in statistical learning. This study investigates grammar in children with and without dyslexia, and whether phonological memory and/or statistical learning ability contribute to individual differences in grammatical performance. We administered the CELF “word structure” and “recalling sentences” subtests and measures of phonological memory (digit span, nonword repetition) and statistical learning (serial reaction time, nonadjacent dependency learning) among 8- to 11-year-old children with and without dyslexia (N= 50 per group). Consistent with previous findings, our results show subtle difficulties in grammar, as children with dyslexia achieved lower scores on the CELF (word structure:p= .0027, recalling sentences:p= .053). While the two phonological memory measures were found to contribute to individual differences in grammatical performance, no evidence for a relationship with statistical learning was found. An error analysis revealed errors in irregular morphology (e.g., plural and past tense), suggesting problems with lexical retrieval. These findings are discussed in light of theoretical accounts of the underlying deficit in dyslexia.
Sexual satisfaction of older adults: testing the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction in the ageing population
Authors: Santos-Iglesias Pablo , Byers E. Sandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHaving a satisfying sex life is important to older adults. Thus, this study aimed to provide information about the sexual satisfaction of older adults in a relationship, using the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction (IEMSS) as a theoretical framework. Participants were 187 sexually active individuals (98 men and 89 women) in a romantic relationship (age 65–75 years). They were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical-Turk, and completed the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire and two open-ended questions asking what they enjoyed most and least about their sexual relationship. On average, participants were highly sexually satisfied. In keeping with the IEMSS, greater sexual satisfaction was predicted by a more favourable balance of sexual rewards to costs, greater equality of sexual costs and higher satisfaction with the non-sexual aspects of the relationship. Four themes emerged regarding what participants liked most and least about their sexual relationship: emotional aspects of the relationship, physical aspects of the relationship, dyadic aspects of the relationship and age-related aspects of being sexual. None of the four themes were specific to men or women, although some gender/sex differences were found. The results paint a positive picture of the sexual relationships of older adults and support the utility of the IEMSS as a framework to understand sexual satisfaction in older adults.
Simultaneous task placement and sequence optimization in an inspection robotic cell
Authors: FarzanehKaloorazi MohammadHadi , Bonev Ilian A. , Birglen Lionel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we improve the efficiency of a turbine blade inspection robotic workcell. The workcell consists of a stationary camera and a 6-axis serial robot that is holding a blade and presenting different zones of the blade to the camera for inspection. The problem at hand consists of a 6-DOF (degree of freedom) continuous optimization of the camera placement and a discrete combinatorial optimization of the sequence of inspection poses (images). For each image, all robot configurations (up to eight) are taken into consideration. A novel combined approach is introduced, called blind dynamic particle swarm optimization (BD-PSO), to simultaneously obtain the optimal design for both domains. The objective is to minimize the cycle time of the inspection process, while avoiding any collisions. Even though PSO is vastly used in engineering problems, the novelty of our combinatorial optimization method is in its ability to be used efficiently in traveling salesman problems where the distances between the cities are unknown and subject to change. This highly unpredictable environment is the case of the inspection cell where the cycle time between two images will change for different camera placements.
Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments
Authors: Ambriz Jessica S. , González Clementina , Cuevas Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.
Epididymal tail solid-surface vitrification as an effective method for domestic cat sperm cryobanking
Authors: Lima Silmara L.G. , Soares Airton R.B. , Stalker Leanne , Santos Regiane R. , Domingues Sheyla F.S. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis study aimed to describe the viability of domestic feline spermatozoa after epididymal tail vitrification. For this, 10 pairs of testis–epididymis complexes were used. The epididymal tails were vitrified using the solid-surface vitrification (SSV) method, in which two vitrification media containing ethylene glycol (EG) 40% or glycerol (GLY) 40% were tested. Vitrification with the presence of EG resulted in better results for all sperm motility parameters (motility, vigour and CASA) compared with GLY (P< 0.05). There were no statistical differences for sperm viability and acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity, or overall health of morphologically normal sperm before or after vitrification among experimental groups. In conclusion, epididymal tail vitrification appears to be a suitable method for long-term storage of cat sperm, especially if the procedure is performed with EG as the cryoprotectant.
Influence of temperature on larval ontogenesis of Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Pisces: Cichlidae)
Authors: Melo Marcelo Duarte Ventura , Paschoalini Alessandro Loureiro , Bazzoli Nilo 
Published: April 2021

SummaryStudies on the larval development of fish are essential for conservation and improvements in cultivation techniques. Geophagus brasiliensis popularly known as Cará has potential as a fish of interest in ornamental aquaculture. Wild adults of G. brasiliensis were kept in an aquarium for spontaneous reproduction. Newly hatched larvae were transferred to 5-litre aquaria at 22, 26 and 30°C until total yolk sac resorption. Histological slides were used for biometric analysis and monitoring of larval ontogenesis at different temperatures. Histologically, from the first to the fourth days it was possible to identify myomeres, optic vesicle, yolk syncytial layer, brain, heart and differentiation of the eye layers. From the fourth to the seventh days, it was possible to identify mandibular and gill cartilages, swim bladder, liver, prismatic epithelium with striated border in intestine and renal epithelium. All biometric measurements increased over the days, except height and length of the yolk sac, which gradually decreased until the complete resorption of the yolk sac that occurred on the fifth day at a temperature of 30°C, the sixth day at 26°C and the seventh day at 22°C. Morphological events at 30°C such as the reabsorption of the yolk sac, the appearance of cartilage in the branchial arches and differentiation of the layers of the eyes occurred faster compared with the other temperatures tested. Opening of the mouth and digestive tract occurred at a similar time on the fourth day in all temperatures.
Literacy, metalinguistic, and executive functions processing in bilingual children speakers of similar typology languages in a border area
Authors: Gonçalves Talita dos Santos , Viapiana Vanisa Fante , Fonseca Rochele Paz , Hübner Lilian Cristine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze whether there are differences between bilingual (Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish) and monolingual (Brazilian Portuguese) school children regarding reading and writing learning achievement, in executive functions (EF) components and metalinguistic abilities. Twenty-three bilingual and 23 monolingual children, aged 6 to 8 years, were assessed in terms of their writing, reading, and metalinguistic abilities, and with verbal and non-verbal tasks testing EF. A bilingual advantage was observed in reading and writing abilities and in 16 of the 44 EF measures, including subcomponents of working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and executive attention, mainly in non-verbal paradigms, while monolingual children outperformed bilingual ones in three scores: counting errors (Five Digits Test), omission of bells (Bells test) and sequential trial B (Trail Making Test). There were moderate and weak effect sizes in metalinguistic subcomponents showing bilingual advantage. Literacy improvement seems to have the potential to increase linguistic and cognitive abilities.
Tramadol Biological Effects: 4: Effective Therapeutic Efficacy ofLagenaria sicerariaPreparation (Gamal & Aref1) and Melatonin on Cell Biological, Histochemical, and Histopathological Changes in the Kidney of Tramadol-Induced Male Mice
Authors: Aref Abdel-Baset M. , Momenah Maha A. , Jad Mariam M. , Semmler Margit , Mohamedaiin Hoda S. , Ahmed Ahmed , Mohamedien Dalia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract