bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Políticas públicas e bibliotecas no Brasil: conhecendo o Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas Públicas - SNBP
Authors: Souza Elisabete Gonçalves 
Published: February 2021

Introdução: discute políticas para as bibliotecas públicas no Brasil tendo como objeto de análise o Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas Públicas (SNBP), que presta assessoria técnica às bibliotecas municipais, atuando de forma coordenada com o Sistema Estadual de Bibliotecas Públicas. Objetivo: conhecer com o SNBP foi instituído, seus objetivos, sua estrutura, atividades e o tipo de relação institucional que manteve com os órgãos com os quais esteve vinculado desde sua criação em 1992. Metodologia: pesquisa do tipo exploratória pautada em revisão de literatura, além de consultas a documentos legais relacionados com a temática. Resultados: relaciona as ações do SNBP com as políticas públicas para a área de cultura, como o Plano Nacional de Cultura e o Plano Nacional do Livro e Leitura, além de ações correlatas ligadas ao Programa Mais Livro; discute o papel político do SNPB e seu grau de ingerência sobre as ações que coordena. Conclusão: os anos de subordinação do SNBP à Fundação Biblioteca Nacional (FBN) minaram sua capacidade de atuar efetivamente no fortalecimento das bibliotecas públicas, como órgão planejador das ações e não apenas assessor e/ou executor das mesmas. Em 2014, a entidade passou a ser um órgão do Ministério da Cultura (MinC), mas não alcançou a autonomia desejada, além de ter sua ação e investimentos reduzidos. Sua situação tornou-se mais frágil em 2019 com a extinção do MinC
Intraoperative and Postoperative Iron Supplementation in Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chaudhry Yash P. , MacMahon Aoife , Hasan Syed A. , Mekkawy Kevin , Valaik Daniel , Oni Julius K. , Sterling Robert S. , Khanuja Harpal S. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Postoperative anemia is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Our primary objective was to determine whether perioperative iron supplementation improves postoperative hemoglobin levels in TJA. Secondary objectives were to determine the effects of perioperative iron on adverse events, quality of life, and functional measures in TJA.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using six databases. We included English-language, randomized controlled trials investigating intraoperative or postoperative iron supplementation in elective TJA that reported postoperative hemoglobin levels in patients aged 18 years or older. Seven eligible studies were identified, among which substantial heterogeneity was noted. Bias risk was low in four studies, unclear in two studies, and high in one study. Three studies assessed oral iron supplementation, three assessed intravenous iron supplementation, and one compared oral and intravenous iron supplementation. All intravenous iron was administered intraoperatively, except in the oral versus intravenous comparison.

Results:
Postoperative oral iron supplementation had no effect on postoperative hemoglobin levels. Intraoperative and postoperative intravenous iron supplementation was associated with higher postoperative hemoglobin levels and greater increases in hemoglobin levels. Two studies reported rates of anemia and found that intraoperative and postoperative intravenous iron supplementation reduced rates of postoperative anemia at postoperative day 30. No adverse events were associated with iron supplementation. One study found that intravenous iron improved quality of life in TJA patients with severe postoperative anemia compared with those treated with oral iron. Perioperative iron had no effects on functional outcomes.

Discussion:
We found no evidence that postoperative oral iron supplementation improves hemoglobin levels, quality of life, or functional outcomes in elective TJA patients. However, intraoperative and postoperative intravenous iron supplementation may accelerate recovery of hemoglobin levels in these patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level I, systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Life on Mars: Clues, Evidence or Proof?
Authors: Rizzo Vincenzo , Armstrong Richard , Hua Hong , Cantasano Nicola , Nicolò Tommaso , Bianciardi Giorgio 
Published: February 2021

The search for life on Mars is one of the main objectives of space missions. At “Pahrump Hills Field Site” (Gale Crater, Mojave target), inside the mudstones of the Murray lacustrine sequence, Curiosity rover found organic materials and lozenge shaped laths considered by NASA as pseudomorphic crystals. Besides it detected mineral assemblages suggesting both oxidizing (hematite) and reducing (magnetite) environments, as well as acidic (diagenetic and/or authigenic jarosite) and neutral (apatite) conditions, that might suggest bacterially mediated reactions. Our morphological and morphometrical investigations show that such diagenetic microstructures are unlikely to be lozenge shapes and, in addition to several converging features, they suggest the presence of remnants of complex algal-like biota, similar to terrestrial procaryotes and/or eukaryotes; possible microorganisms that, on the base of absolute dating criteria used by other scholars, lived on Mars about 2.12 +/−0.36 Ga ago.
The Potential of Lutein Extract of Tagetes erecta L. Flower as an Antioxidant and Enhancing Phagocytic Activity of Macrophage Cells
Authors: Kusmiati Kusmiati , Afiati Fifi , Widhiani Chrisna , Aditia Alpinna , D. Elviani Destia , Kanti Atit 
Published: February 2021

Marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) produces lutein compounds which present biological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimutagenicity, and immunomodulatory effects. The study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the lutein of T. erecta L. and the effect of lutein on the activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells. The antioxidant screening was carried out using diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-and-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay with serial concentrations and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. For the observation of activity and phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages, twenty-eight mice were used and divided into seven groups each comprising four replicates, i.e., Group (I) normal controls, mice were untreated (II) a negative control, mice were induced by Staphylococcus aureus (III) positive control, mice were induced by S. aureus and treatment of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri). The treatment group (IV-VII) mice were induced by S. aureus and treated crude lutein, respectively: 0.15 mg, 0.30 mg, 0.60 mg, and 0.90 mg. 20 g−1 of body weight. The lutein extracted from T. erecta shows an antioxidant activity against DPPH radical with an IC50 value of 53.58 μg.ml−1, while the antioxidant activity against ABTS has an IC50 value of 72.91 μg.ml−1. The antioxidant activity test results by the FRAP method at each lutein concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 75 ppm were obtained respectively of 33, 88, 185.5, and 288.5 μmol Fe2+/g extract. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) after. The phagocytic activity was 45.5%; 54.75%; 57.50% and 67.0%, respectively, while the phagocytic capacity values ​​were 355; 519; 611 and 767 S. aureus bacterial cells per 50 macrophage cells. The lutein from marigolds (T. erecta L.) is capable of scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidants. Lutein can increase the activity and capacity of phagocytic of peritoneum macrophage cells in mice.
Yüksek septal deviasyonda, septal inceltme ve bilateral spreader greftin internal nasal valv açısına etkisinin radyolojik olarak incelenmesi
Authors: KAPUKAYA Rana 
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Çalışmamızda opere ettiğimiz yüksek septal deviasyonu olan hastaların internal nazal valv açısındaki düzelmeyi radyolojik olarak incelemeyi planladık.
Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada yüksek septal deviasyonu olan, septal inceltme ve bilateral, açılı spreader greft ile laminar hava akımı düzeltilen 15 olgu incelenmiştir. Hepsinde otolog septal kartilaj kullanılmıştır. Septum eğri olan tarafta aşama aşama 1-2 mm lameller olarak inceltilmiş, düz bir plan sağlanmıştır. Daha sonra bilateral spreader greftler ile stabilizasyon sağlanmıştır. Preop ve postop bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) aksiyal kesitlerle hesaplanan internal nazal valv açıları karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Internal nazal valv açısı düşük ve normal olan taraflarda preop ve postop ölçümler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmiştir. Açının dar olduğu tarafta ortalama 9,54±2,17 derecelik bir düzelme sağlanmış. Açının normal olduğu tarafta ortalama 2,84±1,14 derecelik bir düzelme sağlanmıştır. Preop ve postop ölçümler arasındaki farkın, açısı düşük olan tarafta, açının normal olduğu taraftan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda septoplasti ile birlikte bilateral spreader greftin , radyolojik olarak internal nazal valv açısının artırılmasında istatistiksel olarak oldukça anlamlı artış sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Spreder greftin, internal nazal valve katkısı , açının dar olduğu tarafta daha fazla idi.
Pediatrik Pyoderma Gangrenozum
Authors: KAPUKAYA Rana 
Published: February 2021

Öz
Giriş: Sıklıkla erişkinlerde görülen Pyoderma Gangrenozum (PG)’un pediatrik hastalarda klinik prezentasyonu ve tedavisi ile ilgili farklılıkları göstermeyi amaçladık.
Yöntemler: Ekim 2018-Ekim 2020 yılları arasında hastanemize başvurmuş 8 PG hastasının klinik, histopatolojik ve tedavisi ile ilgili bilgilerini retrospektif olarak raporladık.
Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 2.2 yıl (min 15 gün-max 9 yaş) idi. Cinsiyet dağılımı beşi kız, üçü erkek idi. Hastalarda lezyonlar daha çok gluteal bölge (7/8) yerleşimli idi. Gluteal ülsere sahip hastaların hepsi Suriye’li mültecilerden oluşmaktaydı. Hastaların çoğunda (7/8) sistemik steroid (1 mg/kg) ve topikal %3 borik asit ile yapılan yara bakımında tam iyileşme sağlandı.
Tartışma: Daha önce yapılmış çalışmalarda çocuklarda görülen PG’un değişen anatomik bölge tutulumu gösterdiği ve inflamatuar barsak hastalığı ile birlikte sık görüldüğü beyan edilmiş. Ancak bizim vaka serimizde ülserler sıklıkla gluteal, perianal ve perineal bölgede olup, bu hastalarda ilişkili başka bir hastalık bulunamadı.
Sonuç: Hastaların çoğunluğunun (7/8) Suriyeli mültecilerden olması, hastalığın demografik özellik gösterebileceğini ve etiyolojide çevresel ve genetik faktörlerin önemli olabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Pediatrik yaş grubunda görülen PG’ un klinik prezantasyonu erişkin yaş grubundan farklı özellikler göstermektedir.
Management of Adults With Suspected Foreign Body Aspiration
Authors: UĞUR CHOUSEİN Efsun Gonca 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Although foreign body aspiration (FBA) in adulthood is not as common as in childhood, it can sometimes be encountered with clinical situations that require urgent interventions. Removal of foreign bodies (FBs) is crucial in all cases of aspiration, even if they seem trivial and symptoms have resolved. Unremoved FBs cause chronic lung pathologies such as postobstructive pneumonia, bronchiectasis, atelectasis and scar formation which can be definitely treated only by FB removal. The treatment of choice is either fiberoptic or rigid bronchoscopy.
The aim of our study was to create an algorithm for the management of patients presenting to our bronchology and interventional pulmonology unit with suspected FBA by reviewing their radiologic findings, the bronchoscopic methods used in their management and outcomes.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and rigid bronchoscopy (RB) for suspected FBA in our bronchology and interventional pulmonology center between January 2010 and December 2019.
Results: There were 70 patients with suspected FBA, who had an average age of 47.22±20.76 years, and 62.8% were males. Twenty-nine (41.4%) were treated with FOB and 25 (35.7%) with RB. A FB was detected initially by FOB in 16 (22.9%) who subsequently had to undergo RB for FB removal. Fifteen (33.3%) FOB and 9 (21.9%) RB procedures were performed on an emergent basis.
A total of 86 bronchoscopic treatments were performed on 70 patients. FBs were detected with FOB in 29 patients. The FB was removed in 13 (28.8%) patients with the help of FOB, while 16 (35.5%) patients in whom FB removal was not possible were referred to the interventional pulmonology unit for RB. In the remaining 16 (35.5%) patients, no FB was found during FOB. A total of 41 patients were treated with RB, including 16 patients who had initially undergone FOB. FB was detected and removed in 38 (92.6%) patients, 2 (4.8%) patients had no FB detected and received no further treatment after being consulted with thoracic surgery. One (2.4%) patient in whom FB was detected but could not be removed was referred to surgery and was operated.
Rates of FB detection were high for both chest x-ray and unenhanced thoracic computerized tomography (CT) in favor of CT (p=0.038 and 0.022 respectively). Thirty-three (58.9%) of the FB removed were in the right bronchial system and composition of FBs (organic or inorganic) was equal.
Conclusion: When thoracic CT is not available chest x-ray can also be helpful in cases of suspected FBA. Because the possibility of FBA should be considered in many chronic pulmonary conditions, physicians choose FOB for their initial evaluation, especially if transfer to an interventional pulmonology unit is not feasible. RB performed by interventional pulmonologists is a safe therapeutic option in critical patients and cases when FOB fails.
Mutation Analysis of Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients and Their Parents in Diyarbakir Province, Turkey
Authors: POLAT Cemal 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: In this study, beta-Thalassemia Major (BTM) diagnosed patients and their parents were subjected to DNA sequencing in order to confirm their diagnosis, improve their treatment and determine the mutation distributions of both patients and their parents.
Methods: A total of 90 people, BTM patients (n=30) and their parents (n=60), were included in the study. For all analyses, two blood samples were taken into EDTA-containing tubes from each of the patients and each of their parents. Complete blood count, hb variant and mutation analysis were studied, respectively.
Results: 8 types of mutation were determined: IVS-I-110 (G->A) 46.67%, codon 8 (-AA) 16.67%, IVS-II-1 (G->A) 11.67%, codon 44 (-C) 10.00%, IVS-II-745 (C->G) 5.00%, IVS-I-1 (G->A) 3.33%, IVS-I-5 (G->T) 3.33% and -30 (T->A) 3.33%. Hb concentrations of 9.2 ± 1.32 g/dL and Hb variant levels of HbA 81.58% ± 11.05, HbF 10.44% ± 11.54 were found in patients with BTM who received transfusion therapy regularly. Typical hemogram count and Hb variants levels were seen in parents.
Conclusion: In our study, a similar distribution was identified throughout Turkey in terms of mutation. Mutations were classified in all the studied people. This study increased the detection percentage of undetermined mutations by the use of DNA sequencing. Thus a multi-centric coordinated study with high capacity will improve detecting these mutations and their effects on the disease.
Enhancing Military Burn- and Trauma-Related Acute Kidney Injury Prediction Through an Automated Machine Learning Platform and Point-of-Care Testing
Authors: Rashidi Hooman H. , Makley Amy , Palmieri Tina L. , Albahra Samer , Loegering Julia , Fang Lei , Yamaguchi Kensuke , Gerlach Travis , Rodriquez Dario , Tran Nam K. 
Published: February 2021

Context.—
Delayed recognition of acute kidney injury (AKI) results in poor outcomes in military and civilian burn-trauma care. Poor predictive ability of urine output (UOP) and creatinine contribute to the delayed recognition of AKI.

Objective.—
To determine the impact of point-of-care (POC) AKI biomarker enhanced by machine learning (ML) algorithms in burn-injured and trauma patients.

Design.—
We conducted a 2-phased study to develop and validate a novel POC device for measuring neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and creatinine from blood samples. In phase I, 40 remnant plasma samples were used to evaluate the analytic performance of the POC device. Next, phase II enrolled 125 adults with either burns that were 20% or greater of total body surface area or nonburn trauma with suspicion of AKI for clinical validation. We applied an automated ML approach to develop models predicting AKI, using a combination of NGAL, creatinine, and/or UOP as features.

Results.—
Point-of-care NGAL (mean [SD] bias: 9.8 [38.5] ng/mL, P = .10) and creatinine results (mean [SD] bias: 0.28 [0.30] mg/dL, P = .18) were comparable to the reference method. NGAL was an independent predictor of AKI (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.08–5.20; P = .01). The optimal ML model achieved an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 96%, 92.3%, and 97.7%, respectively, with NGAL, creatinine, and UOP as features. Area under the receiver operator curve was 0.96.

Conclusions.—
Point-of-care NGAL testing is feasible and produces results comparable to reference methods. Machine learning enhanced the predictive performance of AKI biomarkers including NGAL and was superior to the current techniques.
Point-of-Care Testing for the Emergency Department Patient: Quantity and Quality of the Available Evidence
Authors: Alter David N. 
Published: February 2021

Context.—
Point-of-care test (POCT) instruments produce lab results with rapid turnaround times. Based on that fact, emergency department (ED) POCT requests are predicated on the belief that rapid test turnaround times lead to improved care, typically a decreased ED length of stay (LOS).

Objective.—
To compile the available peer-reviewed data regarding use of POCT in the ED with an emphasis on ED-LOS.

Data Sources.—
An English-language PubMed search using the following free text terms: (“EMERGENCY” AND “POINT OF CARE”) NOT ULTRASOUND as well as “RAPID INFECTIOUS DISEASE TESTING.” In addition, the PubMed “similar articles” functionality was used to identify related articles that were not identified on the initial search.

Conclusions.—
Seventy-four references were identified that studied POCT ED use to determine if they resulted in significant changes in ED processes, especially ED-LOS. They were divided into 3 groups: viral-influenza (n = 24), viral-respiratory not otherwise specified (n = 8), and nonviral (n = 42). The nonviral group was further divided into the following groups: chemistry, cardiac, bacterial/strep, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, drugs of abuse, lactate, and pregnancy. Across all groups there was a trend toward a significantly decreased ED-LOS; however, a number of studies showed no change, and a third group was not assessed for ED-LOS. For POCT to improve ED-LOS it has to be integrated into existing ED processes such that a rapid test result will allow the patient to have a shorter LOS, whether it is to discharge or admission.
Features That Aid Identification of Autoimmune Gastritis in a Background of Active Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Choudhuri Jui , Hall Sara , Castrodad-Rodriguez Carlos A. , Westerhoff Maria , El Jabbour Tony , Jain Shilpa , Panarelli Nicole C. 
Published: February 2021

Context.—
Helicobacter pylori–associated and autoimmune gastritis may coexist in a subset of patients who require treatment for both disorders.

Objective.—
To delineate findings that identify autoimmune gastritis in the background of H pylori infection.

Design.—
We examined cases of (1) patients with H pylori–associated gastritis who had successful eradication therapy and subsequent biopsies diagnostic of autoimmune gastritis and (2) H pylori–associated gastritis wherein pathologists noted features of autoimmune gastritis during original interpretation. Control patients underwent H pylori eradication but lacked evidence of autoimmune gastritis or H pylori infection after 10 years of follow-up.

Results.—
Eight subjects had H pylori–associated gastritis followed by H pylori–negative sampling that showed autoimmune gastritis. Review of original samples showed full-thickness inflammation of oxyntic mucosa in 8 of 8 and oxyntic gland loss in 7 of 8 cases. Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia, pyloric metaplasia, and intestinal metaplasia were present in 4 of 8 (80% of 5 tested cases), 4 of 8, and 3 of 8 cases, respectively. Features of autoimmune gastritis were noted at the time of their original H pylori diagnosis in 11 study subjects. Ten of 11 samples displayed full-thickness inflammation of oxyntic mucosa and/or partial loss of oxyntic glands, 8 of 11 had ECL cell hyperplasia (all tested cases), 6 of 11 showed pyloric metaplasia, and 4 of 11 harbored intestinal metaplasia. Except for full-thickness oxyntic mucosa inflammation, these features were absent in control cases.

Conclusions.—
Full-thickness inflammation combined with oxyntic gland loss and ECL cell hyperplasia may help to identify autoimmune gastritis in patients with concomitant H pylori infection.
Irmã Elisabeth Silveira e a educação feminina no Colégio da Imaculada Conceição, Fortaleza-CE
Authors: Machado Fiuza Fialho Lia , Andrade de Sousa Francisca Genifer 
Published: February 2021

O estudo trata da educação de mulheres em meados do século XX, mais especificamente daquelas provenientes da elite cearense. O objetivo foi compreender, a partir da biografia da irmã Elisabeth Silveira, a educação que lhe foi conferida e a sua atuação docente, o que lhe ensejou destaque social na formação feminina no período de 1943 a 1968. Amparou-se teoricamente na história cultural para realizar uma pesquisa do tipo biográfico que adotou a História Oral como metodologia. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante entrevistas livres desenvolvidas com duas ex-alunas, duas amigas e uma sobrinha da biografada, entrecruzadas com fontes documentais – jornais e livro de homenagem. Os resultados mostraram que Elisabeth Silveira foi uma mulher que gozou de trajetória formativa privilegiada, por morar na capital cearense e poder frequentar o prestigiado Colégio da Imaculada Conceição, onde concluiu o Curso Normal. Posteriormente tornou-se freira e passou a atuar como professora na referida instituição. Suas práticas educativas para a formação feminina eram pautadas na religiosidade, no ensino tradicional e na valorização do disciplinamento. O objetivo era educar moças de poder aquisitivo diferenciado, mediante escolarização, para que se tornassem comportadas, obedientes, religiosas, caridosas, recatadas e prendadas suficientemente para conseguirem casamentos, preferencialmente com homens provenientes de famílias bem-sucedidas financeiramente, com algum prestígio social.