bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in tumour necrosis factor and human leukocyte antigens genes with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Osman Awad Elsid , Brema Imad , AlQurashi Alaa , Al‐Jurayyan Abdullah , Bradley Benjamin , Hamza Muaawia Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive destruction of insulin‐producing pancreatic beta cells. This multifactorial disease has a strong genetic component associated with the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and non‐HLA regions. In this study, we compared frequencies of HLA‐DRB1 alleles and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated the genes coding for: toll‐like receptors (TLRs), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐1 receptor type 1 (IL‐1R1), interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RN), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interleukin‐12B (IL‐12B), between T1D patients and healthy controls. The aim was to identify frequency differences and linkage between these genetic markers in T1D patients and healthy controls. Twelve SNPs were investigated as follows: rs16944 (IL‐1B), rs1143634 (IL‐1B), rs1800587 (IL‐1A), rs2069762 (IL‐2), rs3212227 (IL‐12B), rs2234650 (IL‐1R1), rs315952 (IL‐1RN), rs3804099 (TLR2), rs4986790 (TLR4), rs4986791 (TLR4), rs1800629 (TNF) and rs361525 (TNF). TaqMan genotype assay method was used for SNPs genotyping. HLA‐DRB1* genes were typed by Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probe (SSOP). SPSS and SNPStats programs were used for the statistical analysis. Significant differences between T1D and control groups were found for the dominant model of rs361525 and rs1800629A:rs361525G genotypes for TNF. Increased frequencies of DRB1*03 and DRB1*04 and decreased frequencies of DRB1*07, DRB1*11 and DRB1*13 and DRB1*15 were observed in T1D patients compared with controls. However, the genotype, DRB1*07 with rs1800629A/G was associated with T1D. We have confirmed that DRB1*03 and DRB1*04 are associated with increased risk and DRB1*07, DRB1*11 and DRB1*13 and DRB1*15 with decreased risk of T1D. Also, the dominant model of rs361525A, and the rs1800629G:361525A genotype were associated with increased risk. The simultaneous presence of DRB1*07 and rs1800629A/G genotypes in 23 out of 27 DRB1*07 positive T1D patients implied that islet cell peptide processing may have been biased towards autoimmunity by upregulation of TNF associated intronic SNPs.
The safety–quality dominant view of food chain integrity: Implications for consumer‐centric food chain governance
Authors: Roy Vivek , Srivastava Samir K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFood chain integrity demands strengthening the position of end consumers in the food system. Shaping this consumer‐centric agenda leads to a multi‐dimensional quest where actors in the food chain need to remodel their production, processing and disclosure norms by focusing on end consumers’ expectations. Food chain integrity so far has largely been explained using the angles of fraud and criminality to mainstream the criticality of curbing intentional contamination in food chain operations. However, the view which accounts for how food safety and food quality expand the understanding of food chain integrity remains underdeveloped. Addressing this concern, we conceptualize the interaction space between the notions of food chain integrity, food safety and food quality using a unifying lens of supply chain governance in the food chain. In doing so, we outline the safety and quality‐oriented arcs of food chain governance that are instrumental in creating consumer‐centric processes. Drawing from systematic reviews, a multi‐disciplinary article set is constructed involving the scholarships of food sector management, logistics and supply chain management, marketing and general management. The key findings outline five principal themes to notionally characterize the targeted interaction space and set the foundation of consumer‐centric supply chain governance for food chain integrity. Besides discussing diverse governance areas such as industrial co‐regulation, newer emphasis areas for internal/external chain integration and the need for consumer integration in food chain processes, the thematic leads are distilled further to outline macro‐ and micro‐level arcs of consumer‐centric food chain governance along with strategic pathways for future research.
Scaffold compound L971 exhibits anti‐inflammatory activities through inhibition of JAK/STAT and NFκB signalling pathways
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Yan Yu , Zhang Xinxin , Zhang Yidan , Xu Xiaohan , Zhang Lei , Lu Liangliang , Wang Jie , Zhang Yazhuo , Song Qiaoling , Zhao Chenyang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJAK/STAT and NFκB signalling pathways play essential roles in regulating inflammatory responses, which are important pathogenic factors of various serious immune‐related diseases, and function individually or synergistically. To find prodrugs that can treat inflammation, we performed a preliminary high‐throughput screening of 18 840 small molecular compounds and identified scaffold compound L971 which significantly inhibited JAK/STAT and NFκB driven luciferase activities. L971 could inhibit the constitutive and stimuli‐dependent activation of STAT1, STAT3 and IκBα and could significantly down‐regulate the proinflammatory gene expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated by LPS. Gene expression profiles upon L971 treatment were determined using high‐throughput RNA sequencing, and significant differentially up‐regulated and down‐regulated genes were identified by DESeq analysis. The bioinformatic studies confirmed the anti‐inflammatory effects of L971. Finally, L971 anti‐inflammatory character was further verified in LPS‐induced sepsis shock mouse model in vivo. Taken together, these data indicated that L971 could down‐regulate both JAK/STAT and NFκB signalling activities and has the potential to treat inflammatory diseases such as sepsis shock.
Comparative effectiveness of higher adalimumab maintenance therapy versus standard dose in anti‐tumor necrosis factor experienced Crohn's disease patients: A propensity‐score matched cohort analysis
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Wong Emily C L , AlRamdan Raed , Bualbanat Hasan , Marshall John K , Steinhart A Hillary , Greener Tomer , Silverberg Mark S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCrohn's disease (CD) patients who previously failed anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy are at higher risk of treatment failure with subsequent biologics. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of higher maintenance dose regimens of adalimumab compared with standard doses in CD patients who failed anti‐TNF.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, CD patients who failed anti‐TNF and received adalimumab were categorized according to their post‐induction maintenance regimen; 40 mg subcutaneous (sc) weekly or 80 mg sc every other week were defined as a high‐dose (HD) maintenance regimen, and 40 mg sc every other week was defined as a standard‐dose (SD) maintenance regimen. The primary outcome was time to treatment failure. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for confounders. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using propensity scores to create a cohort of matched participants with similar distribution of baseline covariates.ResultsForty patients started on HD regimens following induction, and 77 patients received the SD regimen. The median time to failure in the HD group was 6.6 years (interquartile range [IQR] 4.0–9.6) and 3.0 years (IQR 0.9–9.4) in the SD group (log‐rank test P = 0.006). Patients on HD adalimumab had a lower hazard rate of treatment failure (hazard ratio: 0.27; 95% confidence interval [0.12, 0.62]; P = 0.002) compared with SD patients. No difference in adverse events was identified between groups (30% vs 31.2%, P = 1.0). Results were similar in the propensity score‐matched cohort.ConclusionsHigh‐dose maintenance regimens were associated with longer time‐to‐failure as compared with SD regimens in CD patient who failed anti‐TNF.
The role of imaging in the evaluation of hoarseness: A review
Authors: Jain Vikas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHoarseness is a common symptom indicating an abnormal change in the quality of voice and has a lifetime prevalence of around 30%. There are multiple causes of hoarseness, ranging from acute laryngitis, chronic laryngitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, functional dysphonia due to vocal overuse or abuse, vocal cord paralysis (VCP), to various pathologies and masses in the larynx. A detailed history and thorough physical examination, and in many cases, laryngoscopy by a clinician are the initial steps in its management. Laryngoscopy should be considered if hoarseness persists for more than 2 weeks without a known benign cause. An Ear Nose and Throat surgeon performs direct visualization by laryngoscopy to rule out VCP or a lesion in the larynx, and it should be performed before ordering any imaging. CT with contrast is the imaging of choice to evaluate the laryngeal tumors and find the etiology of VCP. Typical findings of VCP are ipsilateral dilatation of the pyriform sinus and laryngeal ventricle, thickening and medialization of the ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold, medialization of the arytenoid cartilage and posterior aspect of the true vocal cord (TVC) atrophy of the TVC, and loss of the subglottic arch. The lesions causing the VCP may extend from the medulla, jugular foramen, carotid space, and upper mediastinum. CT neck must cover the aorticopulmonary window when evaluating the left VCP to cover the left recurrent laryngeal nerve's origin.
Predicting hypotension during anesthesia: Variation in pulse oximetry plethysmography predicts propofol‐induced hypotension in children
Authors: Choi Sheung‐Nyoung , Ji Sang‐Hwan , Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Jin‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Soo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe development of hypotension on administration of intravenous propofol is common and independently associated with adverse outcomes. Identifying patients with a high risk for anesthesia‐induced hypotension may help anesthesiologists prepare for such an event.AimThe authors hypothesized that propofol‐induced hypotension is predictable by variables related to fluid responsiveness and investigated such variables to determine the factors which can predict hypotensive events.MethodsPatients 3–6 years of age who underwent general were included. Intravenous midazolam 0.1 mg kg−1 was administered as premedication, and preoperative noninvasive blood pressure, heart rate, perfusion index, pleth variability index, and respiratory variation of pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform were measured. Intravenous propofol 2.5 mg kg−1 was given, and blood pressure was measured 5 times at 1‐min intervals. Subjects with significant hypotension (mean blood pressure decrease ≥20%) were allocated to the hypotensive group; those without significant hypotension were allocated to the relatively normotensive group.ResultsOf 77 patients, 50 (64.9%) developed significant hypotension. Patients in the hypotensive group exhibited significantly higher respiratory variation of pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform (mean difference 11 [3.3] [95% confidence interval 4.9–18.1]; p = .001) and higher pleth variability index (mean difference 7.1 [2.8] [95% confidence interval 1.6–12.6]; p = .013) than the normotensive group. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for respiratory variation of pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform and pleth variability index were 0.722 and 0.649, respectively.ConclusionHigh preoperative respiratory variation of pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform and pleth variability index were both independently associated with propofol‐induced hypotension in children.
Health insurance, pediatric asthma, and emergency department usage
Authors: Marye Stacey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study synthesized current research on the relationships between type of insurance and emergency department usage for children with asthma in the United States. Thematic analysis is in the context of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). A systematic mapping review yielded 20 articles published in the last 10 years on topics of insurance, emergency department usage, and pediatric asthma. Analysis indicates continued trends of increased emergency department use among asthmatic children since enactment of the ACA, running counter to the goal of fiscal efficiency for the healthcare system and reduction of health inequities. Barriers to care persist, particularly among communities of color, despite provisions to improve access to primary and preventive care. Inadequate access to primary care is associated with poor adherence among asthmatic children with public insurance. Those with health insurance through their parents' employer experience barriers due to cost‐sharing expenses. This leads to increased asthma severity and low medication adherence, resulting in the need for emergency care. A disconnect between increased health insurance coverage and utilization of primary care in some populations implies unmet service needs that warrant further investigation. Findings inform policymakers and public health leaders of persistent health inequities resulting in preventable emergency department usage.
Customized device for individuals with limited range of motion to insert and remove dentures
Authors: Keller Emily L. , Alvey Ian A. , Valdez Jesus Amadeo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo develop a device to aid in insertion and removal of dentures in patients with limited range of motion.Case reportA 62‐year‐old male with congenital musculoskeletal system anomaly, severe scoliosis, missing teeth, and poor dentition presented for comprehensive dental care. Patient had significant range of motion limitations resulting in an inability to reach his mouth. A device allowing for independent insertion, removal, and cleaning of dentures was made for patient. Dentures were fabricated and scanned using an intraoral scanner, traditional surgical guide for implant placement was adapted to accommodate neodynium magnets and wooden dowel, and guide was 3D printed. Stainless steel spheres were processed into denture to correspond to magnets in guide. Patient demonstrated ability to independently insert and remove both his maxillary complete denture and mandibular partial denture using device.ConclusionA successful device for insertion and removal of complete and partial dentures can be fabricated by adapting a surgical guide to incorporate magnets by processing stainless steel spheres into the dentures. This device could be helpful for any individuals demonstrating musculoskeletal system anomalies or range of motion deficits.
Analysis of outcomes of single‐unit cord blood transplantation with umbilical cord blood units processed with two different red blood cell sedimentation reagents
Authors: Babic Aleksandar , Buchanan Paula , Gill Ammara , Bloomquist Jenni , Regan Donna , Bhatla Deepika , Ferguson William 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious processing methodologies are routinely used to reduce volume and red blood cell content of umbilical cord blood (UCB) units collected for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There is limited information regarding effects of UCB processing techniques on clinical outcomes.Study Design and MethodsRetrospective data analysis compared laboratory and clinical outcomes following single‐unit UCB transplantation performed between 1999 and 2015. All UCB units were from St. Louis Cord Blood Bank and all were manually processed with either Hetastarch processed cord blood units (HCB) (n = 661) or PrepaCyte processed cord blood units (PCB) (n = 84). Additional sensitivity analysis focused on units transplanted from 2010 to 2015 and included 105 HCB and 84 PCB.ResultsThere were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. Pre‐freeze total nucleated and CD34+ cell counts, cell doses/kg of recipient weight, and total colony‐forming units (CFUs) were higher in PCB compared with HCB. Post‐thaw, the PCB group had a significantly better total nucleated cell recovery, while there were no significant differences in cell viability, CFU recovery, or CD34+ cell recovery. Primary analysis demonstrated faster neutrophil and platelet engraftment for PCB but no differences in overall survival (OS), whereas sensitivity analysis found no effect of processing method on engraftment, but better OS in the HCB group compared with PCB group.ConclusionThe UCB processing method had no significant impact on engraftment. However, we cannot completely exclude the effect of processing method on OS. Additional studies may be warranted to investigate the potential impact of the PCB processing method on clinical outcomes.
Effectiveness of Internet and Phone‐Based Interventions on Diabetes Management of Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhao Xiaolei , Huang Houqiang , Zheng Silin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo synthesize evidence about the impact of Internet and phone‐based diabetes education and management on metabolic control, self‐management behavior changes, and psychological effects among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).BackgroundInternet and mobile technologies were commonly used to improve diabetes management among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The effectiveness of new technology‐based diabetes education and management has previously not been synthesized.MethodsPubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute Library, and the Chinese databases CNKI and Wanfang were searched from 1989 to March 2020. Two reviewers independently selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in English and Chinese, which compared an intervention group of new technology‐based diabetes education and management with a control group of usual care. The primary outcomes were metabolic control, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and secondary outcomes consisted of behavior changes and psychological effects, such as self‐efficacy and quality of life.ResultsA total of 23 RCTs with 1,824 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis showed that phone calls could significantly reduce HbA1c (MD = −.17; 95% CI [−.33, −.01]; I2 = 0%) in children and adolescents with T1DM. New technology‐based diabetes education and management could significantly improve self‐efficacy (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI [.07, .67]; I2 = 0%). No benefits on behavior changes and quality of life were identified.Linking Evidence to ActionNew technology‐based diabetes education has potential benefits for children and adolescents with T1DM, such as improving metabolic control through phone calls and increasing their self‐efficacy of diabetes management. Well‐designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer intervention duration should be conducted, especially in developing countries.
Continuous Versus Intermittent Running: Acute Performance Decrement and Training Load
Authors: Kesisoglou Antonis , Nicolò Andrea , Howland Lucinda , Passfield Louis 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To examine the effect of continuous (CON) and intermittent (INT) running training sessions of different durations and intensities on subsequent performance and calculated training load (TL). Methods: Runners (N = 11) performed a 1500-m time trial as a baseline and after completing 4 different running training sessions. The training sessions were performed in a randomized order and were either maximal for 10 minutes (10CON and 10INT) or submaximal for 25 minutes (25CON and 25INT). An acute performance decrement (APD) was calculated as the percentage change in 1500-m time-trial speed measured after training compared with baseline. The pattern of APD response was compared with that for several TL metrics (bTRIMP, eTRIMP, iTRIMP, running training stress score, and session rating of perceived exertion) for the respective training sessions. Results: Average speed (P < .001, ) was different for each of the initial training sessions, which all resulted in a significant APD. This APD was similar when compared across the sessions except for a greater APD found after 10INT versus 25CON (P = .02). In contrast, most TL metrics were different and showed the opposite response to APD, being higher for CON versus INT and lower for 10- versus 25-minute sessions (P < .001, ). Conclusion: An APD was observed consistently after running training sessions, but it was not consistent with most of the calculated TL metrics. The lack of agreement found between APD and TL suggests that current methods for quantifying TL are flawed when used to compare CON and INT running training sessions of different durations and intensities.
Global acceleration in rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years
Authors: Mottl Ondřej , Flantua Suzette G. A. , Bhatta Kuber P. , Felde Vivian A. , Giesecke Thomas , Goring Simon , Grimm Eric C. , Haberle Simon , Hooghiemstra Henry , Ivory Sarah , Kuneš Petr , Wolters Steffen , Seddon Alistair W. R. , Williams John W. 
Published: May 2021

The pace of Holocene vegetation changeAlthough much is known about the rapid environmental changes that have occurred since the Industrial Revolution, the patterns of change over the preceding millennia have been only patchily understood. Using a global set of >1100 fossil pollen records, Mottlet al.explored the rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years (see the Perspective by Overpeck and Breshears). The authors show that the rates of change accelerated markedly during the Late Holocene (∼4.6 to 2.9 thousand years ago), even more rapidly than the climate-driven vegetation changes associated with the end of the last glacial period. In addition, the Late Holocene acceleration began for terrestrial communities as a whole, suggesting that the acceleration in turnover over the past two centuries is the tip of a deeper trend.Science, abg1685, this issue p.860; see also abi9902, p.786
High rate of conversion from ocular hypertension to glaucoma in subjects with uveitis
Authors: Ma Tiffany , Sims Joanne L , Bennett Sonya , Chew Shenton , Niederer Rachael L 
Published: May 2021

AimsTo examine presentation, management and long-term sequelae of ocular hypertension and uveitic glaucoma.MethodsRetrospective observational study of all subjects with uveitic glaucoma or ocular hypertension seen in Auckland uveitis clinics over the last 10 years.ResultsA total of 188 eyes of 139 subjects with uveitic glaucoma or ocular hypertension were included for analysis. Total follow-up was 1854.5 eye years (mean 9.9 years). The mean age at uveitis diagnosis was 49.3 years. 52.5% of subjects were male. The most common diagnoses were idiopathic uveitis (29.3%), sarcoidosis (13.3%), herpes zoster (6.9%), HLA-B27 uveitis (6.9%), tuberculosis (5.9%) and Posner-Schlossmann or cytomegalovirus (CMV) uveitis (5.3%). Median intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis was 35 mm Hg (IQR 29–45). 144 eyes (77.0%) developed glaucoma during the follow-up period, of whom 41 lost some central vision due to glaucoma. Oral acetazolamide was required for IOP control in 64.5%, 50 eyes underwent trabeculectomy, 18 eyes required a tube and 6 underwent minimally invasive glaucoma surgery.ConclusionRapid progression was observed from ocular hypertension to uveitic glaucoma. Uveitic glaucoma is aggressive, with high likelihood of requiring surgical management and high risk of central vision loss. Close collaboration between uveitis and glaucoma specialists is required to maximise outcomes for these patients.