bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous tanezumab for osteoarthritis: Is the early improvement in pain and function meaningful and sustained?
Authors: Berenbaum Francis , Langford Richard , Perrot Serge , Miki Kenji , Blanco Francisco J , Yamabe Takaharu , Isogawa Naoki , Junor Rod , Carey William , Viktrup Lars , West Christine R , Brown Mark T , Verburg Kenneth M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate if early improvements in pain and function with subcutaneous tanezumab are meaningful and sustained over 24 weeks.MethodsPatients with moderate‐to‐severe osteoarthritis (hip or knee) in Europe and Japan were randomized to placebo, tanezumab 2.5 mg or tanezumab 5 mg (baseline, Week 8 and Week 16). Outcomes included: average daily index joint pain score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) subscales, rescue medication use, WOMAC responders (within‐patient ≥30% reduction in WOMAC Pain or Physical Function), Outcome Measures in Rheumatology‐Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT‐OARSI) responders (within‐patient) and Patient‐reported Treatment Impact Assessment‐Modified questionnaire.ResultsPatients received placebo (n = 282), tanezumab 2.5 mg (n = 283) or tanezumab 5 mg (n = 284). Changes from baseline in average daily index joint pain (within the first week) and WOMAC subscales (Week 2 through Week 24) were greater for each tanezumab group versus placebo (least squares [LS] mean, unadjusted p ≤ .05). Rescue medication use (days/week) was lower for each tanezumab group versus placebo from Week 2 through Week 12 (LS mean, unadjusted p ≤ .05) but not at Week 16 or 24. A higher proportion of each tanezumab group than placebo achieved ≥30% reduction from baseline in WOMAC Pain or Physical Function, or OMERACT‐OARSI response (Week 2 through Week 24, unadjusted p ≤ .05), or were satisfied with treatment at Week 24 (unadjusted p ≤ .05).ConclusionsSubcutaneous tanezumab, compared with placebo, reduced pain within the first week, and pain and function were improved throughout 24 weeks. The proportions of responders and patients satisfied were higher with tanezumab than placebo.ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02709486.SignificanceThis exploratory analysis of data from a placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 study of patients with moderate‐to‐severe osteoarthritis of the hip or knee for whom standard analgesics were not effective or could not be taken, found that onset of efficacy of subcutaneous tanezumab was within the first week, and efficacy was maintained through the 24‐week treatment period. Tanezumab was effective in those patients with the most radiologically severe osteoarthritis.
Methylmercury Production and Degradation under Light and Dark Conditions in the Water Column of the Hells Canyon Reservoirs, USA
Authors: Eckley Chris S. , Luxton Todd P. , Knightes Christopher D. , Shah Vishal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a highly toxic form of mercury that can bioaccumulate in fish tissue. Methylmercury is produced by anaerobic bacteria, many of which are also capable of MeHg degradation. In addition, demethylation in surface waters can occur via abiotic sunlight-mediated processes. The goal of the present study was to understand the relative importance of microbial Hg methylation/demethylation and abiotic photodemethylation that govern the mass of MeHg within an aquatic system. The study location was the Hells Canyon complex of 3 reservoirs on the Idaho–Oregon border, USA, that has fish consumption advisories as a result of elevated MeHg concentrations. Our study utilized stable isotope addition experiments to trace MeHg formation and degradation within the water column of the reservoirs to understand the relative importance of these processes on the mass of MeHg using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program. The results showed that rates of MeHg production and degradation within the water column were relatively low (&lt;0.07 d–1) but sufficient to account for most of the MeHg observed with the system. Most MeHg production within the water column appeared to occur in the spring when much of the water column was in the processes of becoming anoxic. In the surface waters, rates of photodemethylation were relatively large (up to –0.25 d–1) but quickly decreased at depths &gt;0.5 m below the surface. These results can be used to identify the relative importance of MeHg processes that can help guide reservoir management decisions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1827–1837. © 2021 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Winemaking Characteristics of Red‐Fleshed Dragon Fruit from Three Locations in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Yu Zhi‐Hai , Li Jin‐Qiang , He Shu‐Cheng , Zhou Xian‐Can , Wu Jia‐Sheng , Wang Qing , Huang Ming‐Zheng , Liu Xiao‐Zhu , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Gong Xun , Tang Wei‐Yuan , Xu Cun‐Bin , Jiang Xiao‐Lin , Hardie William James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the locations and harvest months in Guizhou province, China, producing the most suitable red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) for winemaking. Fruit from Guanling, Luodian and Zhenfeng counties was harvested separately from successive fruit cycles in August, September and October, respectively. The key traits measured were fruit weight, pulp yield, soluble solids content, and titratable acid. Wine characteristics measured were alcohol content, total carbohydrates, titratable acidity, volatile acidity, and betacyanin content. The overall suitability of fruit from each location for winemaking was evaluated using a multi‐factor, unweighted, scorecard. On that basis, fruit from Guanling county harvested in August was the most suitable. Fruit from Luodian, and Zhenfeng was most suitable when harvested in August and September, and September, respectively. These results provide a preliminary guide for the sourcing of red dragon fruit from Guizhou for wine production.
Dietary diversity and practice of pregnant and lactating women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bitew Zebenay Workneh , Alemu Ayinalem , Ayele Ermias Getaneh , Worku Teshager 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dietary diversity of pregnant and lactating women remains unacceptably poor in resource‐limited countries such as Ethiopia. Despite the presence of inconsistent and inconclusive small‐scale studies, it is difficult to portray an actual picture of dietary diversity and dietary practices of women in Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of dietary diversity, dietary practice, and dietary patterns of pregnant and lactating women in Ethiopia. Electronic and gray literature sources were explored. A total of 3,256 articles were found, of which 38 were included in the final analysis. The data were analyzed by using STATA version 15. The pooled estimates were presented using random‐effects models due to considerable heterogeneities among studies. In this study, 16,412 pregnant and lactating women were included. The pooled prevalence of low, medium, and high dietary diversity scores of pregnant women was 37.1%, 41.55%, and 39.3%, respectively. Likewise, low, medium, and high dietary diversity scores of lactating women were 50.31%, 41.22%, and 9.1%, respectively. The mean dietary diversity of pregnant and lactating women was 3.99 ± 0.20. Regarding the minimum dietary diversity, 56.6% of pregnant women and 50.21% of lactating women were found to have inadequate dietary diversities. Two‐third (65.7%) of pregnant women were found to have poor dietary practice. Starchy foods were the main staple foods of study subjects, whereas organ meats were least consumed food types. The dietary diversity score, minimum dietary diversity, and dietary practices of women are suboptimal and below WHO and FAO recommendations. This could lead to both macro‐ and micronutrient deficiencies. Policymakers, program managers, healthcare workers, and stakeholders need to redesign nutrition promotion and intervention programs to alleviate this issue.
Revealing the mechanisms behind novel auditory stimuli discrimination: An evaluation of silent functionalMRIusing looping star
Authors: Damestani Nikou L. , O'Daly Owen , Solana Ana Beatriz , Wiesinger Florian , Lythgoe David J. , Hill Simon , de Lara Rubio Alfonso , Makovac Elena , Williams Steven C. R. , Zelaya Fernando 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLooping Star is a near‐silent, multi‐echo, 3D functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. It reduces acoustic noise by at least 25dBA, with respect to gradient‐recalled echo echo‐planar imaging (GRE‐EPI)‐based fMRI. Looping Star has successfully demonstrated sensitivity to the cerebral blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) response during block design paradigms but has not been applied to event‐related auditory perception tasks. Demonstrating Looping Star's sensitivity to such tasks could (a) provide new insights into auditory processing studies, (b) minimise the need for invasive ear protection, and (c) facilitate the translation of numerous fMRI studies to investigations in sound‐averse patients. We aimed to demonstrate, for the first time, that multi‐echo Looping Star has sufficient sensitivity to the BOLD response, compared to that of GRE‐EPI, during a well‐established event‐related auditory discrimination paradigm: the “oddball” task. We also present the first quantitative evaluation of Looping Star's test–retest reliability using the intra‐class correlation coefficient. Twelve participants were scanned using single‐echo GRE‐EPI and multi‐echo Looping Star fMRI in two sessions. Random‐effects analyses were performed, evaluating the overall response to tones and differential tone recognition, and intermodality analyses were computed. We found that multi‐echo Looping Star exhibited consistent sensitivity to auditory stimulation relative to GRE‐EPI. However, Looping Star demonstrated lower test–retest reliability in comparison with GRE‐EPI. This could reflect differences in functional sensitivity between the techniques, though further study is necessary with additional cognitive paradigms as varying cognitive strategies between sessions may arise from elimination of acoustic scanner noise.
Groundwater–surface water connectivity in a chain‐of‐ponds semiarid river
Authors: Lamontagne Sébastien , Kirby Jason , Johnston Caroline 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSemiarid rivers are often characterized by chains of small pools connected by riffles and wet meadows. The pools can be maintained by wet season surface runoff, groundwater discharge, or some combination thereof. Using synoptic surveys for several environmental tracers (δD and δ18O of H2O, specific electrical conductance at 25°C [EC], chloride and 222Rn), we evaluated the groundwater—surface water connectivity of the Light River (South Australia) along an 8 km section in the vicinity of a proposed mining development. In all three surveys (representing spring, summer and winter conditions), the pools were maintained by regional groundwater discharge based on an elevated surface water EC (9–12 dS m−1) similar to regional groundwater, elevated radon‐222 activities (0.09–3.0 Bq L−1) and low rainfall. Most pools were perennial, either because they directly received groundwater discharge or, indirectly, had an inflow originating from upstream groundwater‐fed pools. The elevated salinity of regional groundwater is a key factor for the maintenance of perennial pools in the Light River because the potential for baseflow depletion by groundwater pumping is more limited.
Engineering students' noncognitive and affective factors: Group differences from cluster analysis
Authors: Scheidt Matthew , Godwin Allison , Berger Edward , Chen John , Self Brian P. , Widmann James M. , Gates Ann Q. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNoncognitive and affective (NCA) factors (e.g., belonging, engineering identity, motivation, mindset, personality, etc.) are important to undergraduate student success. However, few studies have considered how these factors coexist and act in concert.Purpose/HypothesisWe hypothesize that students cluster into several distinct collections of NCA factors and that identifying and considering the factors together may inform student support programs and engineering education.Design/MethodWe measured 28 NCA factors using a survey instrument with strong validity evidence. We gathered responses from 2339 engineering undergraduates at 17 U.S. institutions and used Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) to group respondents into clusters.ResultsWe found four distinct profiles of students in our data and a set of unclustered students with the NCA factor patterns varying substantially by cluster. Correlations of cluster membership to self‐reported incoming academic performance measures were not strong, suggesting that students' NCA factors rather than traditionally used cognitive measures may better distinguish among students in engineering programs.ConclusionsGMM is a powerful technique for person‐centered clustering of high‐dimensional datasets. The four distinct clusters of students discovered in this research illustrate the diversity of engineering students' NCA profiles. The NCA factor patterns within the clusters provide new insights on how these factors may function together and provide opportunities to intervene on multiple factors simultaneously, potentially resulting in more comprehensive and effective interventions. This research leads to future work on both student success modeling and student affairs–academic partnerships to understand and promote holistic student success.
Exploring parents’ perceptions of the value of pediatric genetic counseling patient letters: A qualitative study presenting lessons learned
Authors: Brown Courtney , Head Katharine J. , Hartsock Jane , Burns Katelyn , Wilson Theodore E. , Prucka Sandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic counseling patient letters are a valuable supplement to genetic counseling practice. As the demand for genetic services increases, improving efficiency in daily tasks such as letter writing could improve genetic counselor workflow. Additionally, understanding the value recipients place on the content of these letters prior to creating efficiencies is essential toward ensuring that the utility of these letters is not lost. To better understand parents’ perceptions of the letter's value in the pediatric genetic counseling setting, we employed a qualitative design involving thirteen parents of children who received a patient letter following their diagnosis. Parents participated in a semi‐structured focus group, interview, or phone interview, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. In addition to gathering perceptions of their child's letter, we sought to learn preferences for letter length, formatting, and level of detail by asking for verbal and written feedback on three different letter formats created for a fictional patient. We used self‐determination theory (SDT) framework to create the sample letters, which states that an individual's experience of autonomy, competence, and relatedness can impact their ability to engage in activities. This includes caring for a child with special medical needs. While the findings from this work reinforced the importance of written communication for patients as seen in previous research, this work uncovered three major themes about the letter's value: (a) elements such as readability and content impact parent feelings of autonomy and improve competence moving forward with their child's care; (b) parents value written acknowledgment of the emotional impact of the diagnosis; and (c) parents use the letter as a tool to communicate their child's diagnosis with others. These results can be used for creating comprehensible patient letters that support autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Do remote areas benefit from economic growth? Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Daniels Lisa , Minot Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the most universal patterns in the spatial distribution of poverty in developing countries is that the incidence of poverty is lower in urban areas than in rural areas. It is widely accepted, though less well documented, that remote rural areas tend to be poorer than areas with good market access. Furthermore, there is concern that remote rural areas may not benefit equally from economic growth. In this paper, we examine poverty trends in rural Uganda to test whether remote rural areas benefit from economic growth to the same degree as better connected rural areas. Applying a variant of small‐area estimation methods to household survey data and several Demographic and Health Surveys carried out over 10 years, we confirm that remote rural areas are poorer than better connected rural areas, but find no evidence that they have fallen further behind over this period.
Blood tests predict the therapeutic prognosis of anti-PD-1 in advanced biliary tract cancer
Authors: Du Fei , Qiu Zhiquan , Ai Wenchao , Huang Chenjun , Ji Jun , Xiao Xiao , Zhou Jun , Fang Meng , Jiang Xiaoqing , Gao Chunfang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPredictive prognostic markers for immunotherapy are crucial and desperately required for clinical precise medicine. This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) treatment and find the therapeutic prognostic biomarkers in advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). A total of 60 patients of advanced BTC who received at least one dose of anti-PD-1 therapy between June 2016 and October 2019 were recruited and followed up till April 2020. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ration (NLR) were obtained from the routine circulating hematologic analysis before treatment. Serum 45-Plex Panel cytokines were detected using multiplexed bead immunoassays. Logistic regression nomogram was used to construct the algorithm model for prognosis prediction. Of the 60 patients, the overall benefit rate (OBR) was 38.3%, the median progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were 4.0 mo (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28–5.72) and 13.0 mo (95% CI: 8.05–17.95), respectively. High levels of SII (≥720), NLR (≥4.3) and cytokine IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10; ≥45 pg/ml) indicated worse OS. Those with high SII (≥720) and high IP-10 (≥45 pg/ml) also had shorter PFS. The nomogram algorithm combining above three independent factors (SII, IP-10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β) had better efficacy in predicting OBR. Our study offers a simple, affordable, and noninvasive method to help physicians predict therapeutic response in BTC patients receiving anti-PD-1 antibody treatment.
Rapid detection of perfluorinated sulfonic acids through preconcentration by bubble bursting and surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Lee Chuping , Yang Tzu‐Ling , Yao Yu‐Zhen , Li Jian‐You , Huang Cheng‐Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe developed a preconcentration method in which aerosol droplets containing enriched perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSs) are generated through bubble bursting and collected. The droplets were subjected to PFS analysis of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) through surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry; silver nanoplates (AgNPts) were assisting materials. The method was highly efficient, with an approximately three‐order magnitude enhancement (5 × 10−13 to 1 × 10−11 M). Ultralow PFS concentrations (0.5 ng/L of PFOS; 0.4 ng/L of PFHxS) were detected in preconcentrated tap water containing PFSs. Our method has potential for rapid real‐world PFS detection in water.
Intramolecular benzyl cation transfer in the gas‐phase fragmentation of protonated benzyl phenyl sulfones
Authors: Yin Qi , Guo Nian , Yin Xinchi , Ma Ge , Huang Yu , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the gas‐phase fragmentations of protonated benzyl phenyl sulfones were investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn). Upon collisional activation, several characteristic fragment ions were observed, and the similar results occurred with different substituted benzyl phenyl sulfones. A mechanism involving an intramolecular benzyl cation transfer and the formation of intermediate ion was proposed and further identified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, a reference compound, benzenesulfinic acid benzyl ester, has been synthesized, and its protonated ion has the same gas‐phase behavior as compared to the protonated benzyl phenyl sulfone. This work provides access to some insight into the intramolecular benzyl‐transfer reactions of benzyl phenyl sulfones in the gas phase and orients the characteristic peaks in collision‐induced dissociation spectrometry (CID‐MS).
Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure induces sex‐dependent divergent changes in ethanol drinking and motor activity in adulthood in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Maldonado‐Devincci Antoniette M. , Makdisi Joseph G. , Hill Andrea M. , Waters Renee C. , Hall Nzia I. , Shobande Mariah J. , Kumari Anjali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith alcohol readily accessible to adolescents, its consumption leads to many adverse effects, including impaired learning, attention, and behavior. Adolescents report higher rates of binge drinking compared to adults. They are also more prone to substance use disorder in adulthood due to physiological changes during the adolescent developmental period. We used C57BL/6J male and female mice to investigate the long‐lasting impact of binge ethanol exposure during adolescence on voluntary ethanol intake and open field behavior during later adolescence (Experiment 1) and during emerging adulthood (Experiment 2). The present set of experiments were divided into four stages: (1) adolescent intermittent vapor inhalation exposure, (2) abstinence, (3) voluntary ethanol intake, and (4) open field behavioral testing. During adolescence, male and female mice were exposed to air or ethanol using intermittent vapor inhalation from postnatal day (PND) 28–42. Following this, mice underwent short‐term abstinence from PND 43–49 (Experiment 1) or protracted abstinence from PND 43–69 (Experiment 2). Beginning on PND 50–76 or PND 70–97, mice were assessed for intermittent voluntary ethanol consumption using a two‐bottle choice drinking procedure over 28 days. Male adolescent ethanol‐exposed mice showed increased ethanol consumption following short‐term abstinence and following protracted abstinence. In contrast, female mice showed no changes in ethanol consumption following short‐term abstinence and decreased ethanol consumption following protracted abstinence. There were modest changes in open field behavior following voluntary ethanol consumption in both experiments. These data demonstrate a sexually divergent shift in ethanol consumption following binge ethanol exposure during adolescence and differences in open field behavior. These results highlight sex‐dependent vulnerability to developing substance use disorders in adulthood.