bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes after cervical vertebral interbody fusion using an interbody fusion device and polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct in 10 horses (2015‐2019)
Authors: Pezzanite Lynn M. , Easley Jeremiah T. , Bayless Rosemary , Aldrich Ellison , Nelson Brad B. , Seim Howard B. , Nout‐Lomas Yvette S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFurther development of surgical techniques for equine cervical stabilisation is necessary to make the procedure less technically demanding, reduce complications and improve outcomes.ObjectiveTo describe clinical outcomes and owner reports in horses undergoing placement of an interbody fusion device and polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct for cervical vertebral fusion in horses with cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsData were retrieved from medical records of 10 horses undergoing cervical vertebral fusion (2015‐2019). Records were evaluated for signalment, duration of clinical signs, number and location of compression sites, grade of ataxia, duration of hospitalisation and complications. Long‐term follow‐up was obtained through clinical re‐evaluation, postoperative radiographs and owner contact.ResultsBreeds were mixed. Median age was 24 (range 12‐168) months. There were 2/10 mares, 4/10 geldings and 4/10 stallions. Preoperative grade of ataxia ranged from 1‐3/5. Fusion was performed at one (n = 3) or two (n = 7) sites. Two horses were euthanised within the first year. In 6 of 8 horses with ≥1‐year follow‐up, ataxia improved by 1‐3 grades, with an average improvement of 1.25 grades. In four horses, ataxia improved to grade 0‐1. In two horses the gait was unaffected, but neck comfort improved. Complications included seroma formation (n = 9), pain (n = 5), fever (n = 4), upper respiratory tract obstruction (n = 2), azotemia (n = 2), screw breakage (n = 2), progression of neurological signs (n = 1), Horner's Syndrome (n = 1), dysphagia (n = 1), hives (n = 1), implant infection (n = 1) and nondisplaced fracture (n = 1).Main limitationsSmall case series, heterogeneous patient population.ConclusionsThis technique resulted in ≥1 grade gait improvement in 6/10 cases operated and 6/8 cases for which ≥1‐year follow‐up was available, similar to other methods. Fatal complications related to implant placement did not occur. This technique may represent a safer alternative to current techniques of ventral interbody fusion with similar outcomes.
High‐performance photocatalyst containing noble metals selectively deposited inside mesopore
Authors: Ishikawa Toshihiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe describe a general photoelectrical deposition process for the priority deposition of noble metals inside surface mesopores, which are selectively formed in the interstitial regions between crystal arrays composed of sintered photoactive nanocrystals. The basis of our approach is to prepare continuous coherent bonds between photoactive nanocrystals aligned toward the surface accompanied by the formation of interstices (2–20 nm) filled with a heterogeneous insulator phase between the crystal arrays; the subsequent removal of part of the heterogeneous phase creates surface mesopores. The coherent crystalline structure causes a smooth electron flow from the outside to the inside of the array through the coherent boundaries of the nanocrystals during photodeposition using an ultraviolet lamp, accompanied by outside‐hole consumption and noble metal deposition in the recesses of the surface mesopores. The size and morphology of the deposited noble metals are restricted to the shape of the formed mesopores, which can be easily controlled. This approach is applicable to a wide range of functional materials and is expected to be applicable to the preparation of excellent photocatalysts, redox catalysts, and photochromic materials. Using our new process, we also achieved a remarkable increase in the photocatalytic activity of the obtained Pd‐deposited TiO2/SiO2 photocatalytic fiber.
On God’s Practical Knowledge of Creation
Authors: Errington Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores a question that exercised Thomas Aquinas, the nature of God’s knowledge of creation, and more particularly, its practical character. It first sets out the logic of Aquinas’s position, articulated especially in Summa Theologiae I, q. 14, a. 16, that God does have practical knowledge of creation, but that this is contained within God’s speculative self‐knowledge. It suggests that this position raises questions about the adequacy of its treatment of practical knowledge, particularly to do with the central analogy of an artisan’s knowledge of what is made. The article explores these questions, first, by drawing on contemporary philosophical discussions of practical knowledge, and second, by considering a biblical text in which both a form of practical knowledge and of the artisan analogy are prominent: the book of Proverbs.
Asset classification under the IFRS 9 framework for the construction of a banking investment portfolio
Authors: Brito Rui Pedro , Júdice Pedro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnder the International Financial Reporting Standard 9 framework, we analyze the trade‐off of classifying a financial asset at amortized cost versus at fair value. Defining an impairment model and based on historical (2003–2019) data for the 10‐year Portuguese Government bonds, we analyze the annual performance (income/comprehensive income) of different investment allocations. Setting as objectives the maximization of the income and the minimization of the semivariance of the comprehensive income, we suggest a biobjective model in order to find efficient allocations. Given the nonsmoothness of the semivariance function, we compute the solution of the suggested model by means of a multiobjective derivative‐free algorithm. Assuming that the yields and funding rates follow a correlated mean‐reverting process and that the bonds' rating dynamics are described by an ordinal response model, we show a possible approach to mitigate the estimation error ingrained in the proposed biobjective stochastic model. Finally, we assess the out‐of‐sample performance of some of the suggested efficient allocations.
Focal impulse and rotor modulation guided ablation versus pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis of head‐to‐head comparative studies
Authors: Romero Jorge , Gabr Mohamed , Alviz Isabella , Briceno David , Diaz Juan Carlos , Rodriguez Daniel , Patel Kavisha , Polanco Dalvert , Trivedi Chintan , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Della Rocca Domenico , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Natale Andrea , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmpirical pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Various ablation strategies and modalities are continually tested with the aim of improving ablation outcomes. Although focal impulse and rotor modulation (FIRM)‐guided ablation is currently used as an adjunct to PVI, evidence supporting this strategy is conflicting. We sought to examine whether the utilization of FIRM‐guided ablation with or without PVI is associated with a decrease in all‐atrial arrhythmia recurrence as compared to PVI alone.MethodsA systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase was performed for head‐to‐head study designs comparing outcomes of patients who underwent FIRM‐guided ablation with or without PVI to those who underwent PVI alone. The primary efficacy endpoint was all‐atrial arrhythmia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were complications rates and procedural characteristics.ResultsOverall, six studies comprising 674 patients undergoing either FIRM‐guided ablation ± PVI versus PVI were included (mean age 63.4 ± 9.2, male 74%, 9% paroxysmal AF, 91% nonparoxysmal AF). After a mean follow‐up of 18.8 months, FIRM‐guided ablation with or without PVI was not associated with improvement in all‐atrial arrhythmia recurrence rate compared to PVI alone (43.4% vs. 45.9%, risk ratio [RR]: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–1.47; p = .70). No statistically significant difference was noted in complication rates between the two groups (RR: 1.66; 95% CI: 0.08–34.54; p = .74).ConclusionIn this meta‐analysis of head‐to‐head comparison studies, FIRM‐guided ablation with or without PVI did not provide any benefit in improving all‐atrial arrhythmia recurrence at follow‐up when compared to PVI alone.
Clinical predictors of heart block during atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation: A multicenter 18‐year experience
Authors: Makker Parth , Saleh Moussa , Vaishnav Aditi S. , Coleman Kristie M. , Beldner Stuart , Ismail Haisam , Sharma Nikhil , Jadonath Ram , Goldner Bruce , Mitra Raman , Epstein Laurence , John Roy , Mountantonakis Stavros E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation is considered the first‐line treatment of symptomatic atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). It has been associated with a risk of heart block (HB) requiring a pacemaker. This study aims to determine potential clinical predictors of complete heart block as a result AVNRT ablation.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for AVNRT from January 2001 to June 2019 at two tertiary hospitals were included. We defined ablation‐related HB as the unscheduled implantation of pacemaker within a month of the index procedure. Use of electroanatomic mapping (EAM), operator experience, inpatient status, age, sex, fluoroscopy time, baseline PR interval, and baseline HV interval was included in univariate and multivariate models to predict HB post ablation.ResultsIn 1708 patients (56.4 ± 17.0 years, 61% females), acute procedural success was 97.1%. The overall incidence of HB was 1.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that age more than 70 (odds ratio [OR] 7.907, p ≤ .001, confidence interval [CI] 2.759–22.666), baseline PR ≥ 190 ms (OR 2.867, p = .026, CI 1.135–7.239) and no use of EAM (OR 0.306, p = .037, CI 0.101–0.032) were independent predictors of HB.ConclusionAlthough the incidence of HB post AVNRT ablation is generally low, patients can be further stratified using three simple predictors.
Histopathology of laboratory‐reared Nothobranchius fishes: Mycobacterial infections versus neoplastic lesions
Authors: Dyková Iva , Žák Jakub , Reichard Martin , Součková Kamila , Slabý Ondřej , Bystrý Vojtěch , Blažek Radim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractShort‐lived killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius Peters, 1868 (Cyprinodontiformes) are considered promising model organisms for biomedical research on ageing and tumorigenesis. We conducted histopathological analysis of 411 adult individuals from three Nothobranchius species to study details on spontaneous age‐related neoplastic lesions. Light microscopy based on H&E and toluidine blue‐stained sections revealed (a) non‐proliferative liver changes with pronounced vacuolation of hepatocytes; (b) proliferation of kidney haemopoietic tissue contributing to excretory system damage; (c) proliferation of splenic mononuclear haemoblasts accompanied by reduced erythropoiesis; (d) proliferation of mononuclear cell aggregates in the liver parenchyma; and (e) rare occurrence of hepatocellular adenomas. Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining revealed that the proliferative lesions are a host defence response to mycobacterial infections manifested by activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system and atypical granulomatous inflammatory reaction. 16S rRNA analysis identified three species of Mycobacterium in our samples. Our findings turn attention to lesions which mimic neoplasms by their gross appearance and question the light microscopic interpretation of lesions unless differential ZN staining is included. Beyond the limitations of our morphological approach, the intensity of mycobacterial infections is a challenging opportunity for research into the molecular‐genetic background of the mononuclear phagocytic system reaction in Nothobranchius killifish.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound examination in detecting aspiration and pharyngeal residue in patients with dysphagia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miura Yuka , Tamai Nao , Kitamura Aya , Yoshida Mikako , Takahashi Toshiaki , Mugita Yuko , Tobita Itoko , Arita Mikiko , Urai Tamae , Dai Misako , Noguchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Masaru , Mukai Kanae , Nakagami Gojiro , Ota Erika , Sugama Junko , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detecting aspiration and pharyngeal residue in patients with dysphagia.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, EMBASE, Ichushi‐Web, and Cochrane Library databases to identify articles that showed diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detecting aspiration and residue published in English and Japanese until August 2019. Cross‐sectional studies, case–control studies, and cohort studies were included. The diagnostic accuracy results were extracted and the pooled estimated sensitivity and specificity were calculated. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology.ResultsFive studies were included in this review. The pooled estimated sensitivity and specificity for detecting aspiration were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72–0.89) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.92), respectively. One study was included that evaluated ultrasound assessments of pharyngeal residue. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.32–0.86) and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.22–0.96), respectively. The certainty of the evidence was low and very low for the diagnostic accuracy of aspiration and pharyngeal residue, respectively.ConclusionUltrasound is a non‐invasive method with good sensitivity and specificity in detecting aspiration as well as reference standards. While risk of bias and small number of studies limited the strength of this systematic review, our results suggested that ultrasound examination was useful as a bedside screening tool for detecting aspiration.
A latent profile analysis of romantic attachment anxiety and avoidance
Authors: Vaillancourt‐Morel Marie‐Pier , Labadie Chloé , Charbonneau‐Lefebvre PhD candidate Véronique , Sabourin Stéphane , Godbout Natacha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe conducted latent profile analyses on community (n = 1663) and clinical (n = 575) samples to determine whether continuous scores of attachment anxiety and avoidance would lead to the identification of theoretically consistent and clinically useful profiles. We then compared these profiles according to gender, relationship status, psychological distress, and relationship satisfaction. Analysis on the community sample yielded four profiles: secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and fearful individuals; whereas, the clinical sample yielded three profiles: secure, preoccupied, and fearful individuals. In the community sample, there was a higher proportion of women under the preoccupied profile and a higher proportion of men under the dismissive profile compared with the other profiles. Overall, insecure individuals reported higher levels of relationship dissatisfaction and psychological distress, and a relationship status reflecting lower commitment. Our findings suggest that the Experiences in Close Relationships scale could be useful in assisting therapists in conceptualizing their cases according to their patients’ attachment profile.
Elemental mapping of labelled biological specimens at intermediate energy loss in an energy‐filtered TEM acquired using a direct detection device
Authors: Ramachandra Ranjan , Mackey Mason R. , Hu Junru , Peltier Steven T. , Xuong Nguyen‐Huu , Ellisman Mark H. , Adams Stephen R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe technique of colour EM that was recently developed enabled localisation of specific macromolecules/proteins of interest by the targeted deposition of diaminobenzidine (DAB) conjugated to lanthanide chelates. By acquiring lanthanide elemental maps by energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and overlaying them in pseudo‐colour over the conventional greyscale TEM image, a colour EM image is generated. This provides a powerful tool for visualising subcellular component/s, by the ability to clearly distinguish them from the general staining of the endogenous cellular material. Previously, the lanthanide elemental maps were acquired at the high‐loss M4,5 edge (excitation of 3d electrons), where the characteristic signal is extremely low and required considerably long exposures. In this paper, we explore the possibility of acquiring the elemental maps of lanthanides at their N4,5 edge (excitation of 4d electrons), which occurring at a much lower energy‐loss regime, thereby contains significantly greater total characteristic signal owing to the higher inelastic scattering cross‐sections at the N4,5 edge. Acquiring EFTEM lanthanide elemental maps at the N4,5 edge instead of the M4,5 edge, provides ∼4× increase in signal‐to‐noise and ∼2× increase in resolution. However, the interpretation of the lanthanide maps acquired at the N4,5 edge by the traditional 3‐window method, is complicated due to the broad shape of the edge profile and the lower signal‐above‐background ratio. Most of these problems can be circumvented by the acquisition of elemental maps with the more sophisticated technique of EFTEM Spectrum Imaging (EFTEM SI). Here, we also report the chemical synthesis of novel second‐generation DAB lanthanide metal chelate conjugates that contain 2 lanthanide ions per DAB molecule in comparison with 0.5 lanthanide ion per DAB in the first generation. Thereby, fourfold more Ln3+ per oxidised DAB would be deposited providing significant amplification of signal. This paper applies the colour EM technique at the intermediate‐loss energy‐loss regime to three different cellular targets, namely using mitochondrial matrix‐directed APEX2, histone H2B‐Nucleosome and EdU‐DNA. All the examples shown in the paper are single colour EM images only.
A recurrent MORC2 mutation causes Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 2Z
Authors: Vujovic Dragan , Cornblath David R. , Scherer Steven S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe found a p.Ala406Val (c.1217C > T) mutation in MORC2 in three individuals, from two families. All three individuals were evaluated and clinical electrophysiology was completed. The neuropathy began in childhood to early adulthood, with distal weakness progressing to proximal weakness. Vinblastine (for Hodgkin lymphoma) acutely worsened the weakness in one patient. This finding confirms that that the p.Ala406Val mutation in MORC2 causes severe neuropathy. In addition, we report the first case of vinblastine neurotoxicity in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 2Z.
The Effectiveness of Students’ Performance in Preclinical Fixed Prosthodontics Course in Predicting Subsequent Clinical Performance
Authors: Al‐Angari Nadia S. , Aldaham Atheer S. , Masuadi Emad , Nadeem Muhammad , Alkadi Lubna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the correlation between students’ achieved grades in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course and their performance in the same discipline's clinical courses.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted in 2019 on 76 students who passed all preclinical and clinical fixed prosthodontics courses. Their final examination grades in preclinical and clinical prosthodontics courses were compiled and made anonymous. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient were used to assess the relation between preclinical and clinical grades.ResultsA statistically significant positive correlation existed between the students’ preclinical and combined clinical final examination grades (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). In relation to sex, females showed a significantly higher correlation (r = 0.56, p = 0.001) compared to males (r = 0.25, p = 0.1). In addition, students’ clinical grade prediction from their preclinical performance was 20.5%.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the importance of preclinical courses and suggest that maximizing preclinical years' efforts can reflect positively on students' competence in their future clinical practice.
Effect of commercially available thickening agents on ready‐to‐feed infant formulas
Authors: Gosa Memorie M. , Choquette Chloe K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBecause of the importance of providing the appropriate fluid consistency for effective management of swallowing problems (dysphagia) in infants, this project sought to determine the effect of three commercially available thickening agents on the resulting thickened consistencies of commonly prescribed, ready‐to‐feed infant formulas. Nine ready‐to‐feed infant formulas were thickened with three different thickening agents to nectar and honey consistencies following manufacturer's instructions and their resulting thickness was measured via line spread test (LST). The nine formulas with nothing added to them (thin liquids) and the 27 target‐nectar and 27 target‐honey samples together created 63 unique samples for comparison. A series of one‐way analysis of variance analyses were conducted to determine if the resulting thickness (as measured by LST values) for target categories of nectar and honey consistencies was significantly influenced by the type of thickening agent used. The achieved thickness of the formula samples as measured by LST values was statistically significantly different for the three different types of thickening agents used to achieve a target nectar consistency, F (2, 24) = 15.55, p < .001, = .709. Additionally, the achieved thickness of the formula samples was statistically significantly different for the three different types of thickening agents used to achieve a target honey consistency, F (2, 24) = 16.18, p < .001, = .709. The results of this study reveal that the choice of thickening agent impacts the resulting thickness of ready‐to‐feed infant formula.
CpG methylation frequency of TET2, GRIA2, and CDKN2A genes in the North Atlantic fin whale varies with age and between populations
Authors: García‐Vernet Raquel , Martín Berta , Peinado Miguel A. , Víkingsson Gísli , Riutort Marta , Aguilar Alex 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecovery rates for baleen whales that were decimated by exploitation vary between species and populations. Age determination is critical for the understanding of recovery trends and population structure, but determining age in free‐ranging individuals remains challenging. Recent research has suggested that the methylation level of some genes in skin samples may provide age determinations with accuracy. We selected nine CpG sites from three genes (TET2, CDKN2A, and GRIA2) and analyzed them in 40 skin samples from known‐age individuals pertaining to two different populations of fin whales from the North Atlantic. We observed significant correlations with age in five CpG sites. We used three of these CpG sites to perform an epigenetic age estimation. Predictions had a standard deviation of 2.94, but regression between observed and predicted ages showed a clear underestimation for older fin whales. For further development, we suggest: (1) screening for new CpG sites associated with age that exhibit higher variability between individuals, and (2) including older animals whenever the sampling allows it. We also observed subtle, but significant differences between the two populations studied in one of the CpG sites (TET2_CpG + 21). We attributed these differences to genetic differences or to the dissimilar environments that affect both populations.