bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic vulnerability of exposures to antenatal maternal treatments in 1– to 2‐month‐old infants
Authors: Denisova Kristina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe growth and maturation of the nervous system are vulnerable during pregnancy. The impact of antenatal exposures to maternal treatments, in the context of genetic vulnerability of the fetus, on sensorimotor functioning in early infancy remains unexplored. Statistical features of head movements obtained from resting‐state sleep fMRI scans are examined in 1‐ to 2‐month‐old infants, both those at high risk (HR) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to a biological sibling with ASD and at low risk (LR) (N = 56). In utero exposures include maternal prescription medications (psychotropic Rx: N = 3HR; N = 5LR vs. non‐psychotropic Rx: N = 11HR; N = 9LR vs. none: N = 11HR; N = 16LR), psychiatric diagnoses (two or more Dx2: N = 5HR; N = 1LR; one Dx1: N = 4HR; N = 5LR; no Dx: N = 12HR; N = 19LR), infections requiring antibiotics (infection: N = 5HR; N = 8LR; no infection: N = 20HR; N = 22LR), or high fever (fever: N = 2HR; N = 2LR; no fever: N = 23HR; N = 27LR). Movements with significantly higher variability are detected in infants exposed to psychotropics (e.g., opioid analgesics) and those whose mothers had fever, and this effect is significantly worse for infants at HR for ASD. Movements are significantly less variable in HR infants with non‐psychotropic exposures (e.g., antibiotics). Heightened number of psychiatric or mental health conditions is associated with noisier movements in both risk groups. Genetic vulnerability due to in utero exposure to maternal treatments is an important future approach to be advanced in the field of early mind and brain development.
Promoter methylation and expression of the rassf4 gene in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Shen Yawei , Li Huiyang , Zhou Min , Tang Shoujie , Zhao Yan , Zhao Jinliang , Chen Xiaowu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOreochromis niloticus RAS‐association domain family 4 (rassf4) was specifically expressed in the ovaries. Immunohistochemistry results showed that Rassf4 was located in follicular cells. The methylation percentages of the promoter region (−734/−1012) of rassf4 in the ovaries and testes were 13.28% and 92.85%, respectively. Deleting the fragment of −734 to −1012 sites significantly reduced the basal activity of the rassf4 promoter to 62.33%, which indicated that this region was important for the transcription of the rassf4 gene. This study lays the foundation for further research on the function of fish rassf4.
Artificial intelligence and metagenomics in intestinal diseases
Authors: Lin Yufeng , Wang Guoping , Yu Jun , Sung Joseph J Y 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGut microbiota has been shown to associate with the development of gastrointestinal diseases. In the last decade, development in whole metagenome sequencing and 16S rRNA sequencing technology has dramatically accelerated the gut microbiome's research and revealed its association with gastrointestinal disorders. Because of high dimensionality and complexity's intrinsic data characteristics, traditional bioinformatical methods could only explain the most significant changes with limited prediction accuracy. In contrast, machine learning is the application of artificial intelligence that provides the computational systems to automatically learn and improve from experience (training cohort) without being explicitly programmed. It is thus capable of unwiring high dimensionality and complicated correlational hitches. With modern computation power, machine learning is widely utilized to analyze microorganisms related to disease onset and other clinical features. It could help explore and identify novel biomarkers or improve the accuracy rate of disease diagnostic. This review summarized the most recent research that utilized machine learning to reveal the role of gut microbiota in intestinal disorders.
No association of both serum pro‐brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and BDNF concentrations with depressive state in community‐dwelling elderly people
Authors: Ohto Asami , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Imamura Yoshiomi , Kojima Naoki , Yamada Shigeto , Monji Akira 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in emotional and cognitive function. Low‐BDNF levels occur in patients with depression, while proBDNF, a precursor of BDNF with the opposite physiological function, increases in major depression. However, it is unclear whether BDNF and proBDNF are associated with depression in the elderly. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum proBDNF and BDNF are associated with depressive state in community‐dwelling elderly people.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted in Kurogawa‐cho Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan, in people aged ≥65 years. Depressive state was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short Form (Japanese version) (GDS). Of the 274 patients who undertook the GDS, those with a medical history affecting cognitive function were excluded, as were those with Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≥ 24 or a Clinical Dementia Rating < 0.5. Further, we used delayed recall of ‘logical memory A’ from the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised (LMII‐DR) for memory assessment.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 155 individuals (mean age 75.4 ± 6.8 years; 55 men, mean age 74.8 ± 5.9 years; 100 women, mean age 76.3 ± 7.1 years). In the GDS, 139 participants showed a normal score (0–4) and 16 showed depressive tendencies or depression (score: ≥ 5). After examining confounders of the GDS, logistic regression using categorical covariates showed a negative significant difference between depressive state and serum BDNF in the low‐BDNF group only, with a positive correlation in the trend test. None of the analyses showed any association between GDS and proBDNF levels.ConclusionProBDNF and BDNF levels seemed not to be associated with depressive state in community‐dwelling elderly people.
Cash transfers and the supply of labor by poor households: Evidence from the livelihood empowerment against poverty program in Ghana
Authors: Osei Robert D. , Lambon‐Quayefio Monica 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) program is Ghana's first social protection program to provide cash and health insurance to the poor and vulnerable. This study looks beyond the direct impact of the program and examines the indirect impacts on labor transitions as well as the engagement of children and the elderly in the labor market. The study employs the combined propensity score matching and difference‐in‐difference technique to obtain robust estimates in examining the effect of the cash transfer program on labor shifts of beneficiaries. Overall, the paper finds that cash transfer programs can have productive impacts and dismisses the assertion that such grants end up making beneficiaries perpetually dependent. The heterogeneous analysis provides evidence that the results are differentiated by age but not by gender. Based on the evidence from this study, we recommend that as LEAP continues to expand and reach more beneficiaries in poor districts, it needs to ensure that the issue of complementarity of poverty reduction programs is a key feature of its design. Indeed, findings from the study point to the fact that graduation from cash transfer is possible and therefore, programs must seek to maximize this potential.
Ehrlichia‐induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after autologous stem cell transplant
Authors: Mitma Angel A. , Burgess Mary J. , van Rhee Frits 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) causes multiorgan failure due to the release of multiple cytokines mediating widespread inflammation. We present a patient with multiple myeloma on maintenance chemotherapy with the anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) who developed fatal HLH secondary to Ehrlichiosis.
Implementation of measures to reduce vasovagal reactions: Donor participation and results
Authors: Goldman Mindy , Uzicanin Samra , Marquis‐Boyle Lynne , O'Brien Sheila F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are several strategies to reduce donor reactions. We report donor participation and reaction rates before and after implementing multiple measures at Canadian Blood Services.Study design and methodsWe introduced a structured program of 500 mL of water and a salty snack pre‐donation and applied muscle tension (AMT) during donation. Donors were not deferred for out of range blood pressure (BP); however, BP was measured in first time donors. Time on the donation chair post‐donation was decreased from 5 to 2 min for repeat donors. We assessed participation rates using our quarterly survey of 10,000 recent donors. We extracted vasovagal reactions with loss of consciousness (LOC) from our operational database and compared pre‐implementation (Oct 12,018‐March 31,2019) and post‐implementation (Oct 12,019‐March 31,2020) periods.ResultsSurvey response rates varied from 11% to 16%. The percentage of donors who drank the water and ate the salty snack increased from 58% to 82% and 44% to 70% over 4 quarters; those performing AMT increased from 24% to 41%. Reactions decreased from 19.07 per 10,000 (744 reactions in 390,123 donations) to 14.04 per 10,000 (537 in 382,382 donations) (p < .0001). No first‐time donors with high BP (n = 684) but 5 with low BP (n = 718) had reactions, CI were very large.ConclusionsAchieving optimal participation was challenging. After implementation of a donor wellness initiative based on best practice, rates of vasovagal reactions with LOC decreased by 25%. A larger dataset is necessary to assess the safety contribution of BP deferrals when other mitigation measures are in place.
West Nile and Zika viruses in bats from a suburban area of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Torres‐Castro Marco , Noh‐Pech Henry , Hernández‐Betancourt Silvia , Peláez‐Sánchez Ronald , Lugo‐Caballero César , Puerto Fernando I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInfections with viruses of the Flavivirus genus were explored in 22 bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. The detection of the viral genus was performed by RT‐PCR, and infections with dengue (DENV 1–4), West Nile (WNV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses were subsequently explored. Sequences from positive products were analysed using the BLAST algorithm to determine identity. In 7 (31.8%) and 2 (9.1%) bats, WNV and ZIKV were identified, respectively. The bioinformatic analysis showed 98%–100% coverage and identity for both viruses. Molecular evidence of WNV and ZIKV natural infection in bats from Yucatan, Mexico, is presented.
Psychometric properties of life-space mobility measures in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Cino Emily , Beauchamp Marla , Richardson Julie , Masrur Muhib , Kuspinar Ayse 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Mobility is one of the most important contributors to healthy aging and is traditionally measured through performance-based tests. Measuring life-space mobility is a holistic way to measure the spaces individuals visited over a period of time versus what they are physically able to do. However, before a measure of life-space mobility can be widely used in research and clinical settings, it must have robust psychometric properties. The objective of this review is to summarize the psychometric properties of existing life-space mobility measures in community-dwelling older adults.

Inclusion criteria:
The construct is life-space mobility and the instruments are: The Nursing Home Life Space Diameter, the Life-Space Questionnaire, and the Life-Space Assessment. The population is community-dwelling older adults (age > 65). The outcome of the review includes all psychometric properties (reliability, validity, responsiveness) as well as feasibility and interpretability data.

Methods:
Following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and JBI guidelines, a search strategy will be piloted and then translated to multiple databases. Two independent reviewers will conduct title/abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, and assess the methodological quality of the studies. A narrative synthesis will be compiled for all collected data. A meta-analysis will be conducted for each psychometric property if there are enough studies with sufficiently low heterogeneity.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019121855
Impacts of Air-Conditioning Equipment Sizing on Energy Performance of US Office Buildings
Authors: Chiu Franklin , Krarti Moncef 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper summarizes the results of systematic and comprehensive analysis to investigate the impacts of inadequate sizing air-conditioning (AC) systems on the overall energy consumption of medium and large office buildings located in representative US cities. The effects of proper sizing on the overall and disaggregated AC systems are evaluated in terms of energy consumption, peak demand, equipment run-time, and indoor thermal comfort. The presented analysis covers the performance of a wide range of AC equipment components that serve US office buildings including packaged rooftop units as well as central cooling plants. The analysis results indicate that oversizing penalties can be significant on the annual energy consumption and electrical peak demand as well as capital costs for both medium and large office buildings. In particular, the reliance on simplified calculation methods and rules-of-thumb to determine equipment capacities can lead to significantly oversizing AC systems for office buildings in the vast majority of US climates. The analysis results indicate that 50% oversizing of AC systems can result in increases in annual energy consumption of up to 91% for large offices and 39% for medium office. Moreover, oversizing increases capital costs required for air-conditioning office buildings and extends cycling periods and associated structural stresses and failures of AC equipment.
Boundary Conditions for Compressor Cascade Ice Crystal Icing Testing
Authors: Nagorski Matthias , Koch Christian , Staudacher Stephan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
At the Altitude Test Facility (ATF) of the University of Stuttgart, a linear compressor cascade test rig serves the investigation of ice crystal icing (ICI) under engine realistic conditions. A numerical model of the first stage of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Stage 67 is validated with experimental data taken from the literature and used to investigate the respective ice crystal icing conditions for prospective cascade experiments. Eleven operating points simulating climb conditions with constant non-dimensional power setting through ascending parcels of moist air are selected for analysis. Only the melting-dominated regime is considered. The three-dimensional flow field is obtained using a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach in combination with a Spalart–Allmaras one-equation turbulence model. The droplet and ice crystal trajectories are calculated based on an Eulerian framework. The computation of the surface energy balance is adapted from the Messinger model taking into account unsteady phenomena. Four of 11 selected operating points indicate the onset of substantial ice accretion. A static wet-bulb temperature of freezing constitutes in general the lower icing limit for rig experiments. The upper icing limit depends on the ice water content impinging and sticking to the target surface.
Effects of Power Training on Physical Activity, Sitting Time, Disability, and Quality of Life in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Confinement
Authors: Brazo-Sayavera Javier , López-Torres Olga , Martos-Bermúdez Álvaro , Rodriguez-Garcia Lorena , González-Gross Marcela , Guadalupe-Grau Amelia 
Published: April 2021

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent supervised and unsupervised training program focused on muscle power to counteract the potential changes in sedentary behavior, disability, physical activity (PA), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic domiciliary confinement in prefrail older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-five older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were assigned to 2 groups according to their frailty status: exercise training group (prefrail or frail; n = 21; 74.7 [4.5] y; 33.3% male) and control group (robust; n = 14; 73.1 [3.9] y; 42.9% male). The exercise training group followed a multicomponent training program focusing on muscle power: supervised (5 wk) and unsupervised (6 wk). The primary outcomes, including PA and sitting time, perceived disability, and HRQoL, were assessed at the baseline and after 11 weeks. Results: At the end of confinement, there were significant decreases in PA in both groups (P < .05). Thus, sitting time increased more in the control group than in the exercise training group (P < .05). The HRQoL measures remained unchanged. Conclusions: Muscle power training before and during mandatory COVID-19 self-isolation in type 2 diabetes mellitus older adults (1) attenuates the COVID-19 domiciliary confinement-related increase in sitting time and (2) slightly decreases the self-reported levels of disability and maintains HRQoL.
The Influence of Social Support Specific to Physical Activity on Physical Activity Among College and University Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Van Luchene Pierre , Delens Cécile 
Published: April 2021

Background: Starting college or university is a significant life event that can impact students’ physical activity (PA). Social support specific to PA (SSPA) is a social determinant of PA among college and university students. This review had 3 aims: (1) to systematically review studies examining the association between SSPA and PA among students; (2) to examine whether potential associations differed in terms of types or sources of SSPA; and (3) to examine whether any potential associations differed in terms of gender. Methods: Studies were identified using Academic Search Premier, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, and SPORTDiscus. Results: This review included 25 papers. The results suggested that there is a positive association between SSPA and PA among college and university students. Although the importance of different sources of SSPA is not clear, the results suggested that family and friends provide significant SSPA. Conclusions: High variability in measurement methods made it difficult to compare studies and to come to a clear consensus. However, the findings suggested that SSPA may be a determinant of PA. In order to better understand the relationship between SSPA and PA among students, some elements, such as gender, socioeconomic level, and off- or on-campus housing, should be considered in future studies.
Stress and Mental Well-Being Experiences of Professional Football Coaches
Authors: Baldock Lee , Cropley Brendan , Neil Rich , Mellalieu Stephen D. 
Published: April 2021

The stress experiences and their impact upon the daily lives and mental well-being of English Premier League professional (soccer) football coaches were explored using an in-depth qualitative design. Eight participants were interviewed using a semi-structured approach with thematic and causal network analysis revealing that (a) a range of contextually dependent demands were experienced and interpreted in relation to their situational properties; (b) many demands were appraised and emotionally responded to in a negative manner; (c) a range of coping strategies were adopted to cope with stress experiences, with many reported as ineffective; and (d) stress experiences often led to negative implications for their daily lives and eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. Positive adaptations to some demands experienced were reported and augmented perceptions of mental well-being. The findings of this study make a novel and significant contribution to understanding the interrelationships between the principal components of the stress process and the prospective links between stress and mental well-being.
Engaging globally with how to achieve healthy societies: insights from India, Latin America and East and Southern Africa
Authors: Loewenson Rene , Villar Eugenio , Baru Rama , Marten Robert 
Published: April 2021

The way healthy societies are conceptualised shapes efforts to achieve them. This paper explores the features and drivers of frameworks for healthy societies that had wide or sustained policy influence post-1978 at global level and as purposively selected southern regions, in India, Latin America and East and Southern Africa. A thematic analysis of 150 online documents identified paradigms and themes. The findings were discussed with expertise from the regions covered to review and validate the findings.Globally, comprehensive primary healthcare, whole-of-government and rights-based approaches have focused on social determinants and social agency to improve health as a basis for development. Biomedical, selective and disease-focused technology-driven approaches have, however, generally dominated, positioning health improvements as a result of macroeconomic growth. Traditional approaches in the three southern regions previously mentioned integrated reciprocity and harmony with nature. They were suppressed by biomedical, allopathic models during colonialism and by postcolonial neoliberal economic reforms promoting selective, biomedical interventions for highest-burden diseases, with weak investment in public health. In all three regions, holistic, sociocultural models and claims over natural resources re-emerged. In the 2000s, economic, ecological, pandemic crises and social inequality have intensified alliances and demand to address global, commercial processes undermining healthy societies, with widening differences between ‘planetary health’, integrating ecosystems and collective interests, and the coercive controls and protectionism in technology-driven and biosecurity-driven approaches.The trajectories point to a need for ideas and practice on healthy societies to tackle systemic determinants of inequities within and across countries, including to reclaim suppressed cultures; to build transdisciplinary, reflexive and participatory forms of knowledge that are embedded in and learn from action; and to invest in a more equitable circulation of ideas between regions in framing global ideas. Today’s threats raise a critical moment of choice on which ideas dominate, not only for health but also for survival.