bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Nasal Cooling and Sensory Impairments Driving Patient Symptoms With Septal Deviation
Authors: Malik Jennifer , Spector Barak M. , Wu Zhenxing , Markley Jennifer , Zhao Songzhu , Otto Bradley A. , Farag Alexander A. , Zhao Kai 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisAbout 260,000 septoplasties are performed annually in the US to address nasal septal deviation (NSD). Yet, we do not consistently understand what aspects of NSD result in symptoms.Study Design: Blinded cohort study.MethodsTwo fellowship‐trained surgeons blindly reviewed computerized tomography (CTs) of 10 confirmed NSD patients mixed with 36 healthy controls. All patients were correctly identified, however, 24/36 controls were falsely identified by both surgeons as patients (33.3% specificity), which were grouped as asymptomatic NSD (aNSD), while the remaining controls as non‐NSD (healthy). Acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry, individual CT‐based computational fluid dynamics and nasal sensory testing were applied to address the puzzling questions of why these aNSD had no symptoms and, more fundamentally, what caused symptoms in sNSD patients.ResultsaNSD reported no nasal symptoms – Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation score (sNSD: 60.50 ± 13.00; aNSD: 5.20 ± 5.41; non‐NSD: 6.66 ± 7.17, P < .05); 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test score (sNSD: 32.60 ± 14.13; aNSD: 10.04 ± 10.10; non‐NSD: 9.08 ± 12.42, P < .001). No significant differences in measured nasal resistance, minimum cross‐sectional area (MCA), degree of septal deviation, and nasal airflow distributions were found between sNSD and aNSD groups. Only three variables differentiate sNSD versus aNSD: anterior averaged heat flux on deviated side, inferior turbinate peak heat flux on non‐deviated side, and nasal cool sensitivity measured by menthol lateralization threshold, with no significant differences among these variables found between the two healthy groups (aNSD vs. non‐NSD). These variables by themselves or combined can differentiate sNSD from controls with higher specificity than the physicians (ROC area under the curve = 0.84 with 70% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity).ConclusionsThis study sheds light on the potential mechanisms of NSD symptomatology: distorted nasal cooling due to NSD exacerbated by poorer nasal mucosal sensitivity. It further supports our previous hypothesis that nasal obstruction complaints do not result directly from obstruction, rather from the capacity of our nose to subjectively sense airflow cooling.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:509–517, 2022
Perfect Absorption of a Focused Light Beam by a Single Nanoparticle
Authors: Proskurin Alexey , Bogdanov Andrey , Baranov Denis G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbsorption of electromagnetic energy by a dissipative material is one of the most fundamental electromagnetic processes that underlies a plethora of applied problems, including sensing, radar detection, wireless power transfer, and photovoltaics. Common wisdom is that a finite dissipative object illuminated by a plane wave removes only a finite amount of the wave's energy flux, which is determined by the object's absorption cross‐section. Thus, it is of fundamental interest to see if any far‐field waveform can be perfectly absorbed by a finite object. Here, it is theoretically demonstrated that a precisely tailored light beam containing only far‐field components can be perfectly absorbed by a finite scatterer on a substrate. The self‐consistent scattering problem in the dipole approximation is analytically solved and finds a closed‐form expression for the spatial spectrum of the incident field and the required complex polarizability of the particle. All analytical predictions are confirmed with full‐wave simulations. The results introduce a qualitatively novel class of perfect absorption phenomena in electromagnetics and other wave processes.
Motivating recycling behavior—Which incentives work, and why?
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Dandan , Sun Yan , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBuilding on previous literature in incentives of recycling behaviors, our research aims to compare the effect of financial and nonfinancial incentives among different consumer groups and for different recycling programs, and to explore the underlying mechanism that driving the effect. Across one field study and three lab studies, the current research show that financial incentives are more effective for less emotionally involved products and among consumers with lower levels of environmental knowledge, while nonfinancial incentives are more effective for more emotionally involved products and among consumers with higher levels of environmental knowledge. We explained the effects from the focus‐processing theory. This research contributes to existing literature by investigating different influence of financial incentives and nonfinancial incentives on recycling behavior. Another novel move is to use the concept of “emotional involvement” to define recyclable items. Moreover, this study establishes the influence path from incentives to behavior focus and recycling behavior to explain the reasons for different effects of rewards under different conditions. Marketers, policy makers and NGO could benefit from the findings by implementing tailor‐made rewards strategies for various targets and recycling programs.
4D Printing of Shape Memory Vascular Stent Based on βCD‐g‐Polycaprolactone
Authors: Zhou Yanyi , Zhou, Dong , Cao Pengrui , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei , Li Zhaolong , He Wenyang , Ju Junping , Zhang Yaoming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe 4D‐printing technology is applied to fabricate a shape memory peripheral stent with good biocompatibility, which sustains long‐term drug release. The star polymer s‐PCL is prepared by ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone with the ‐OH of β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) as initiator, and then the s‐PCL is modified with acrylate endgroup which allows the polymerization under UV light to form the crosslinking network c‐PCL. Attributed to the feature of the high crosslinked structure and chemical nature of polycaprolactone (PCL) and βCD, the composite exhibits appropriate tensile strength and sufficient elasticity and bursting pressure, and it is comparable with great saphenous vein in human body. The radial support of the 4D‐printed stent is 0.56 ± 0.11 N and is equivalent to that of commercial stent. The cell adhesion and proliferation results show a good biocompatibility of the stent with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Due to the presence of βCD, the wettability and biocompatibility of the materials are improved, and the sustained paclitaxel release based on the host–guest complexion shows the potential of the drug‐loaded stent for long‐term release. This study provides a new strategy to solve the urgent need of small‐diameter scaffolds to treat critical limb ischemia.
Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution on the Thermoresponsive Transition of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Xu Sihao , Trujillo Francisco J. , Xu Jiangtao , Boyer Cyrille , Corrigan Nathaniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) homopolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs) is prepared via photoinduced electron/energy transfer–reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PET–RAFT) polymerization. The thermal transition temperature of these polymer samples is analyzed via turbidity measurements in water/N,N'‐dimethylformamide mixtures, which show that the cloud point temperatures are inversely proportional to the weight average molecular weight (Mw). Binary mixtures of the narrowly distributed PNIPAm samples are also prepared and the statistical parameters for the MWDs of these blends are determined. Very interestingly, for binary blends of the PNIPAm samples, the thermoresponsive transition is not only dependent on the Mw, which has been shown previously, but also on higher order statistical parameters of the MWDs. Specifically, at very high values of skewness and kurtosis, the polymer blends deviate from a single sharp thermoresponsive transition toward a broader thermal response, and eventually to a regime of two more distinct transitions. This work highlights the importance of in‐depth characterization of polymer MWDs for thermoresponsive polymers.
Conformational Switch of Arylopeptide: Helix–Helix Transition Based on Side Chain Solvation
Authors: Ishido Yuki , Kanbayashi Naoya , Okamura Taka‐aki , Onitsuka Kiyotaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractControlling the structural transition between well‐defined architectures found in living system is essential in polymer chemistry as well as material science. Herein, the reversible conformational switch of a non‐natural polypeptide with an aromatic ring (2,6‐naphthalene spacer) on its peptide backbone, referred to as an arylopeptide, between two distinct well‐defined helical structures (extended 31‐helix and contracted 41‐helix) using side chain solvation is demonstrated. The folding selectivity of the arylopeptide and found that the affinity between the solvent and side chains is an essential factor for determining the global structure is investigated. A thermoresponsive arylopeptide bearing oligoether groups (─(CH2CH2O)9CH3)) on the side chain is designed, which exhibited unique lower critical solution temperature behavior and converted from the 31 to the 41‐helix depending on the temperature. Furthermore, the solvent affinity of the entire polymer by combining substituents (─(CH2CH2O)3CH3 and ─C12H25) with different properties on the side chains to achieve a spring‐like expansion–contraction system that allows interconversion between 31‐ and 41‐helices is adjusted.
Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Modulates Gut Microbiota, Regulates the Levels of Neurotransmitters, and Prevents CUMS‐Induced Depressive‐Like Behavior in Mice
Authors: Chen Yanqiu , Wan Mei , Zhong Yi , Gao Tingfang , Zhang Yuehan , Yan Fen , Huang Da , Wu Yuanzi , Weng Zuquan 
Published: June 2021

ScopeDepression is the leading cause of disability around the world; however, most antidepressants have drug tolerance and serious side effects. In this study, it is explored whether partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a safe food that exhibits protection in a mouse model of depression.Methods and ResultsPHGG is orally administered to mice with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in two animal experiments (prevention trial and intervention trial) to characterize the potentially protective effect of PHGG. The results in the prevention trial show that PHGG significantly inhibits the loss of body weight, and prevents CUMS‐induced depressive‐like behavior in mice. The beneficial effects may be associated with PHGG modulating the gut microbiota structure and then increasing the levels of short‐chain fatty acids in mice feces and the levels of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in serum, striatum, and hippocampus. Besides, PHGG in the intervention trial is less effective than that in the prevention trial, but it may have a synergistic effect on improving depression with fluoxetine.ConclusionsThis study suggests that moderate daily intake of PHGG can contribute to relieving depressive‐like behavior.
Catastrophizing, negative affectivity, and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Mason Courtney K. , Mullins‐Sweatt Stephanie N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) include problematic interpersonal relationships, behavioral and affective dysregulation, identity problems, and cognitive dysregulation. Cognitive dysregulation, such as catastrophizing, rumination, and thought suppression, contributes to emotion dysregulation in BPD. Previous research suggested that thought suppression fully mediated the relationship between negative affect intensity/reactivity and BPD symptoms. We predicted that catastrophizing similarly will serve as a mediator between negative affect intensity/reactivity and BPD symptoms. Two samples completed the study. First, students (N = 191) self‐selected to participate in an online study through the university psychology research recruitment system. Additionally, a second sample using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk; N = 172) was utilized. Catastrophizing partially mediated the relationship between negative affect intensity/reactivity and BPD symptoms. Across these samples, results suggest that catastrophizing may have a significant role in understanding BPD symptoms, which is similar with rumination. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Impact of median lobe on urinary function after robotic prostatectomy
Authors: Martinez Oscar , Murphy Christopher , Bsatee Aya , Abaza Ronney 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnlarged median lobes (ML) can be technically challenging, particularly during bladder‐neck dissection, and may affect urinary functional outcomes of robotic radical prostatectomy (RARP). If known, the impact of potentially larger bladder necks on continence and chronic obstruction on postoperative urinary symptoms might aid patient counseling. We assessed the impact of intraoperatively identified median lobes (ML) on urinary function.MethodsWe reviewed our prospective RP database from 2013 to 2020. AUA symptoms scores (AUA‐SS) were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months. We compared patients with and without ML (NoML). Bladder‐neck sparing was routine to avoid reconstruction.ResultsOf 663 patients who completed AUA‐SS questionnaires at all time points, 202 (30%) had ML. There were no significant differences in demographics, PSA, or clinical stage. Only two patients in ML and one in NoML group required bladder‐neck reconstruction (1.2% and 0.2%). There was no immediate or long‐term difference in continence rates between groups. Baseline mean AUA‐SS was higher in ML patients and showed more improvement postoperatively (−5.5 vs. −3.6, p < .05) with greatest improvement in ML patients with severe preoperative symptoms (−15.1). There was no difference in AUA‐SS between groups by 6 months.ConclusionsThe presence of enlarged ML does not increase the risk of incontinence after RARP and it appears that ML patients have greater improvements in postsurgical urinary functions. Preoperative diagnosis of ML and lower urinary tract symptoms assessment could be helpful in counseling patients undergoing RARP regarding their expected postoperative urinary outcomes.
Robust passive tracking control for an uncertain soft actuator using robust right coprime factorization
Authors: Bu Ni , Liu Haoyu , Li Wenpeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs a research of human arm activities, the research of soft actuator is one of the important topics in the field of robotics. This article is concerned with the robust passive tracking control for an uncertain soft actuator by robust right coprime factorization (RRCF). First, applying the recursive least squares identification algorithm, the identification of the actuator modeling is studied by which the parameter of radius is estimated by using the experimental data. Second, the passivity of the soft actuator with inflatable rubber tube is discussed; meanwhile, the robustness of the soft actuator is ensured by the designed robust controllers. Third, by combining the RRCF and integral sliding mode control methods, the tracking performance is improved, for the soft actuator with time‐varying radius. Finally, the proposed methods are confirmed by the simulation with experimental data.
A copula‐based approach for dynamic prediction of survival with a binary time‐dependent covariate
Authors: Suresh Krithika , Taylor Jeremy M.G. , Tsodikov Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDynamic prediction methods incorporate longitudinal biomarker information to produce updated, more accurate predictions of conditional survival probability. There are two approaches for obtaining dynamic predictions: (1) a joint model of the longitudinal marker and survival process, and (2) an approximate approach that specifies a model for a specific component of the joint distribution. In the case of a binary marker, an illness‐death model is an example of a joint modeling approach that is unified and produces consistent predictions. However, previous literature has shown that approximate approaches, such as landmarking, with additional flexibility can have good predictive performance. One such approach proposes using a Gaussian copula to model the joint distribution of conditional continuous marker and survival distributions. It has the advantage of specifying established, flexible models for the marginals for which goodness‐of‐fit can be assessed, and has easy estimation that can be implemented in standard software. In this article, we provide a Gaussian copula approach for dynamic prediction to accommodate a binary marker using a continuous latent variable formulation. We compare the predictive performance of this approach to joint modeling and landmarking using simulations and demonstrate its use for obtaining dynamic predictions in an application to a prostate cancer study.
Biodegradation of TOC by Nano‐Fe2O3 Modified SMFC and Its Potential Environmental Effects**
Authors: Yang Chen , Xiao Nan , Chang Zi'ang , Huang Jinhui Jeanne , Zeng Wenlu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) with nano‐Fe2O3 modified anode was investigated to enhance in‐situ remediation. Results showed that the modification led to higher removal of total organic matter (TOC) after 50 days. Anodic microbial community was further analyzed. It was found that the decrease of relative abundance of exoelectrogens and the suppression of methanogens led to the reduction of the power generation in SMFC with modified anode. Longilinea was one of key bacteria regarding TOC degradation. Besides, potential environmental effects resulting from SMFC and nano‐Fe2O3 modification were also discussed. The competition of exoelectrogens with methanogens for nutrient potentially resulted in the reduction of methane emission. The SMFC system could inhibit the growth of fecal bacteria and the nano‐Fe2O3 modified anode had stronger inhibitory effect, which further reduce the risks induced by fecal bacteria to human health. The modification could further maintain the biodiversity of eucaryon and achieve higher ecosystem stability.
Structural engineering of graphene for high‐resolution cryo‐electron microscopy
Authors: Xu Jie , Cui Xiaoya , Liu Nan , Chen Yanan , Wang Hong‐Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe revolutionary improvement of hardware and algorithm in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) has made it a routine method to obtain structures of macromolecules at near‐atomic resolution. Nevertheless, this technique still faces many challenges. The structure‐solving efficiency of cryo‐EM can be significantly reduced by the biomolecules' denaturation on the air–water interfaces, the preferred orientation, strong background noise from supporting films and particle motion, and so forth. To overcome these problems, nanomaterials with ultrahigh electronic conductivity and ultrathin thickness are explored as promising cryo‐EM specimen supporting films. Herein, we summarize the structural engineering of graphene, for example, surface and interface modification, as supporting films for grids and the application on high‐resolution cryo‐EM and discuss potential future perspectives.
Security inspection resource allocation in real time using SDN
Authors: Wu Haotian , Li Xin , Scoglio Caterina , Gruenbacher Don 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNetwork traffic security inspection is vital in today's network. However, due to the increasing user demand, security inspection resources are becoming a bottleneck of the network, therefore bringing down network throughput. In this paper, we proposed an OpenFlow‐based flow management prototype, which can properly allocate limited security resources in order to achieve the objective of making the best use of security resources without compromising network throughput. We introduced a capacity reservation scheme to enforce network security and avoid security devices becoming congested. In order to optimize utilization of security devices, we formulated the resource‐constrained problem as an integer linear programming problem and solved it. Extensive experiments were performed to attest to the effectiveness of our prototype. Finally, we analyzed results of the experiment, including the impact on network performance of two parameters in the optimization formulations. Compared to other works, we have the following strengths: our model was implemented on a general network topology with distributed security devices; we formulated the flow allocation problem into a linear programming problem and performed the optimization in the controller in real time; and no pre‐knowledge about the network, hosts, or traffic was needed.
Geoclassification of fluoride‐affected areas of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Kishor Raj Kamal , Sharma Urvashi , Mishra Sunita , Yadav Aneet Kumar , Kumar Narendra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe availability and quality of groundwater for drinking purpose is steadily decreasing due to influx of contaminants and high rate of extraction. Fluoride contamination in groundwater is posing serious threat to human health, being a reason of dental and skeletal fluorosis. The present study is aimed to assess the current status of fluoride in groundwater resources of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, and geoclassify the location on the scale of fluorosis threat. The study was conducted in eight blocks of Lucknow, targeting 190 spots. 82.11% of groundwater samples were found within the permissible limit, while 17.89% samples revealed fluoride concentration higher than the permissible limit (1.5 mg/L) prescribed by WHO in 2011. It was observed that around 81.47% population of Sarojininagar, 62.51% population of Kakori, 43.03% population of Mohanlalganj, 6.16% population of Gosaiganj, and 5.47% population of Chinhat are currently exposed to high fluoride concentration (> 1.5 mg/L) and prone to risk of adverse health effect posed by excess fluoride consumption. If the current scenario continues, the proportion of population vulnerable to fluoride toxicity may increase in the future.