bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speckle tweezers for manipulation of high and low refractive index micro-particles and nano-particle loaded vesicles
Authors: Jamali Ramin , Nazari Farzaneh , Ghaffari Azadeh , Velu Sabareesh K. P. , Moradi Ali-Reza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Several fundamental research and applications in biomedicine and microfluidics often require controlled manipulation of suspended micro- and nanoscale particles. Speckle tweezers (ST) by incorporating randomly distributed light fields have been used to control micro-particles with refractive indices higher than their medium and to perform manipulation tasks such as guiding and sorting. Indeed, compared to periodic potentials, ST represents a wider possibility to be operated for such tasks. Here, we extend the usefulness of ST into micro-particles of low index with respect to the surrounding. Repelling of such particles by high intensity regions into lower intensity regions makes them to be locally confined, and the confinement can be tuned by changing the average grain intensity and size of the speckle patterns. Experiments on polystyrenes and liposomes validate the procedure. Moreover, we show that ST can also manipulate the nano-particle (NP)-loaded liposomes. Interestingly, the different interactions of NP-loaded and empty liposomes with ST enable collective manipulation of their mixture using the same speckle pattern, which may be explained by inclusion of the photophoretic forces on NPs. Our results on the different behaviors between empty and non-empty vesicles may open a new window on controlling collective transportation of drug micro-containers along with its wide applications in soft matter.
All-dielectric metasurfaces capable of dual-channel complex amplitude modulation
Authors: Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Wang Guocui , Liu Jingyu , Li Jitao , Yue Zhen , Zhao Hongliang , Hao Xuanruo , Zhang Yating , Zhang Yan , Yao Jianquan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One compound metasurface with multiple functions and precise complex amplitude modulation is beneficial to photonic integration. Here, all-silicon bifunctional metasurfaces capable of independent amplitude and phase modulation in two circular polarized channels are proposed, which encode complex amplitude information by integrating propagation phase and Pancharatnam-Berry phase. A switchable power-controllable axial bifocal metalens directly illustrates the feasibility of the proposed modulation scheme. Another switchable power-controllable horizontal/vertical bifocal metalens characterizes the versatility and flexibility of this approach. The experimental results agree well with the simulations and theoretical expectations. In addition, we also discuss the broadband performance of the proposed metalens and the dynamic focusing behavior under optical pumping. The proposed approach can directly generate editable amplitude and phase profiles and can find applications in dynamic holography, dynamic display, and other fields.
Complexes, rule-following, and language games: Wittgenstein’s philosophical method and its relevance to semiotics
Authors: Torres-Martínez Sergio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper forges links between early analytic philosophy and the posits of semiotics. I show that there are some striking and potentially quite important, but perhaps unrecognized, connections between three key concepts in Wittgenstein’s middle and later philosophy, namely,complex (Philosophical Grammar),rule-following (Philosophical Investigations), andlanguage games (Philosophical Investigations). This reveals the existence of a conceptual continuity between Wittgenstein’s “early” and “later” philosophy that can be applied to the analysis of the iterability of representation in computer-generated images. Methodologically, this paper clarifies to at least some degree, the nature, progress and promise of an approach to doing philosophy and semiotics from amodally modest perspective that sees in the intellectual products of humanities, and not in unreflective empiricism, the future of scientific development. This hybrid, non-reductionist approach shows, among other things, that semiotic processes are encoded by specific types of complexes in computer-generated images that display iterability in time and space.
Singen im liturgischen Raum „Ohne Inhalt ist alles Singen irgendwie eine halbe Geschichte“
Authors: Lewandowski Ludwig , Mayr Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Im Gespräch erklärt TM wie liturgischer Gesang sich wirkungsvoll entfalten kann. Wichtig sei: Druck vermeiden und sich des Inhaltes bewusst werden!
Oxidative stress index can be a new marker related to disease severity in COVID-19
Authors: Doğan Serdar , Bal Tayibe , Çabalak Mehmet , Dikmen Nursel , Yaqoobi Hasibullah , Ozcan Oguzhan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between systemic oxidative balance, and the severity of the disease in patients with COVID 19.

Methods
Sixty-four patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of the disease: mild (n=28), moderate (n=11) and severe (n=25). Twenty-four healthy controls included to the study. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), D-dimer, fibrinogen, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated.

Results
The mean age of severe group was significantly higher than the other groups (p=0.001). TAS levels were significantly decreased in all patient groups compared to controls, while serum TOS and OSI levels were significantly different in all three stages of the disease. Serum IL-6 and TNF- α levels were significantly elevated in severe group compared to other groups. TOS and OSI levels were also significantly correlated with IL-6, CRP, ferritin, fibrinogen, LDH and D-dimer.

Conclusions
TOS and OSI levels are an indicator of systemic oxidative balance in COVID-19 and related to the disease severity. They can be an important marker for evaluating the disease severity and used in the management of patients with COVID-19.
Effects of Extrinsic Noise Factors on Machine Learning–Based Chatter Detection in Machining
Authors: Lu Lance , Kurfess Thomas , Saldana Christopher 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Unmitigated chatter can result in poor part quality, accelerated tool wear, and possible damage to spindle and machine. While various methods have been shown to effectively detect chatter, implementation of these methods in noisy environments, such as factory floors, has not been well studied. The present study seeks to explore the effects of extrinsic noise sources on threshold-based and machine learning–based chatter detection methods using audio signals of the machining process. To accomplish this, stable and unstable cuts were made on a milling machine and the audio signal was collected. Data augmentation using Gaussian white noise and periodic noise was conducted to simulate a range of noise levels and types. The performance of these techniques were then compared with respect to the increasing levels of noise. It was found that machine learning–based approaches achieved satisfactory accuracies up to 98.6 % under the presence of extrinsic noise. Conventional static threshold techniques, however, failed under most noise conditions and resulted in false positives depending on the threshold values used. Furthermore, support vector machine approaches demonstrated an ability to classify noisy data despite limited training.
On-the-Fly Full Hessian Kernel Calculations Based upon Seismic-Wave Simulations
Authors: Xie Yujiang , Rychert Catherine A. , Harmon Nicholas , Liu Qinya , Gajewski Dirk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFull waveform inversion or adjoint tomography has routinely been performed to image the internal structure of the Earth at high resolution. This is typically done using the Fréchet kernels and the approximate Hessian or the approximate inverse Hessian because of the high-computational cost of computing and storing the full Hessian. Alternatively, the full Hessian kernels can be used to improve inversion resolutions and convergence rates, as well as possibly to mitigate interparameter trade-offs. The storage requirements of the full Hessian kernel calculations can be reduced by compression methods, but often at a price of accuracy depending on the compression factor. Here, we present open-source codes to compute both Fréchet and full Hessian kernels on the fly in the computer random access memory (RAM) through simultaneously solving four wave equations, which we call Quad Spectral-Element Method (QuadSEM). By recomputing two forward fields at the same time that two adjoint fields are calculated during the adjoint simulation, QuadSEM constructs the full Hessian kernels using the exact forward and adjoint fields. In addition, we also implement an alternative approach based on the classical wavefield storage method (WSM), which stores forward wavefields every kth (k≥1) timestep during the forward simulation and reads required fields back into memory during the adjoint simulation for kernel construction. Both Fréchet and full Hessian kernels can be computed simultaneously through the QuadSEM or the WSM code, only doubling the computational cost compared with the computation of Fréchet kernels alone. Compared with WSM, QuadSEM can reduce the disk space and input/output cost by three orders of magnitude in the presented examples that use 15,000 timesteps. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the functionality of the methods, and the computer codes are provided with this contribution.
Near-Fault Monitoring Reveals Combined Seismic and Slow Activation of a Fault Branch within the Istanbul–Marmara Seismic Gap in Northwest Turkey
Authors: Martínez-Garzón Patricia , Durand Virginie , Bentz Stephan , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Dresen Georg , Turkmen Taylan , Nurlu Murat , Bohnhoff Marco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Various geophysical observations show that seismic and aseismic slip on a fault may occur concurrently. We analyze microseismicity recordings from a temporary near-fault seismic network and borehole strainmeter data from the eastern Marmara region in northwest Turkey to track seismic and aseismic deformation around the hypocentral region of an Mw 4.5 earthquake in 2018. A slow transient is observed that lasted about 30 days starting at the time of the Mw 4.5 event. We study about 1200 microseismic events that occurred during 417 days after the Mw 4.5 event around the mainshock fault rupture. The seismicity reveals a strong temporal clustering, including four episodic seismic sequences, each containing more than 30 events per day. Seismicity from the first two sequences displayed typical characteristics driven by aseismic slip and/or fluids, such as the activation of a broader region around the mainshock and swarm-like topology. The third and fourth sequences correspond to typical mainshock–aftershock sequences. These observations suggest that slow slip and potentially fluid diffusion along the fault plane could have controlled the seismicity during the initial 150 days following the Mw 4.5 event. In contrast, stress redistribution and breaking of remaining asperities may have caused the activity after the initial 150 days. Our observation from a newly installed combined dense seismic and borehole strainmeter network follows an earlier observation of a slow transient occurring in conjunction with enhanced local seismic moment release in the same region. This suggests a frequent interaction of seismic and aseismic slip in the Istanbul–Marmara seismic gap.
The Effectiveness of Mentoring Technique to Improve Self-Efficacy in English Language Learning of 7th to 9th-Grade Students with Visual Impairment at SLB A Yaat Klaten
Authors: Arifin Misbahul , Yusuf Munawir , Yuwono Joko 
Published: August 2021

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of mentoring technique to improve self-efficacy in English language learning of 7th to 9th-grade students with visual impairment at SLB A Yaat Klaten. This study belongs to experimental research using a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. The subjects in this study include 7th to 9th-grade students with visual impairment at SLB A Yaat Klaten determined using a saturated sampling technique. The research instruments were questionnaires with 20 favorable statements and 20 unfavorable statements. The results of this study were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test analysis, which yielded a Zcount of -2.160 with Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.031, exemplifying a smaller value than the significance level (p< 0.05). The outcome indicates that the mentoring technique contributes positively to the improvement of self-efficacy of visually-impaired 7th to 9th-grade students of SLB A Yaat Klaten for the academic year 2018/2019.
Participación comunitaria en el mecanismo Transferencias Directas Condicionadas del Programa Bosques
Authors: Palacios Grace 
Published: August 2021

Chirikyacu, Chunchiwi y Chirik Sacha, ubicadas en la región San Martín (Perú), son comunidades nativas afiliadas al Programa Bosques. En las tres se aprobó la implementación del mecanismo Transferencias Directas Condicionadas (TDC) como instrumento financiero para la conservación de su bosque primario. Esta investigación caracteriza la participación de los beneficiarios a partir del tipo de involucramiento y cantidad de participantes en la ejecución del TDC, identificando factores que facilitan o limitan la participación del grupo beneficiario minoritario.Las minorías, como en cualquier sociedad, acceden a menores oportunidades. En las tres comunidades se encontraron grupos minoritarios más numerosos (e.g.: mujeres) que otros (e.g.: mono-lingües), también se encontraron normas de género aceptadas que limitan a los grupos minoritarios de experimentar desenvolvimiento y aprendizaje. Con los aportes del 86% de familias beneficiarias, se identificó un sistema no complementario de género en la mayoría de las actividades del programa, que además es predominante en el grupo más favorecido de la comunidad.Se concluye que el grupo minoritario principal puede aumentar la cantidad de participantes a partir de las oportunidades que permita la complementariedad de género que rige en cada comunidad (factor interno) y del enfoque de género que incorpore el programa Bosques (factor externo).
Determining Serum Haptoglobin and Proinflammatory Cytokines Concentration in the Calves Clinically Diagnosed with Pneumonitis, Pneumoenteritis and Enteritis
Authors: Kabu M. , Uyarlar C. 
Published: August 2021

Background: This study aims to determine the concentration of serum haptoglobin (Hp), interleukin 1 (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cases of Pneumonia, Pneumoenteritis and Enteritis. Methods: 60 calves were subjected to the study and they were divided into four groups. The study group consisted of the claves diagnosed with clinical pneumonia (Group P; n=15), pneumoenteritis (Group PE; n=15) and enteritis (Group E; n=15) while the control group included the healthy calves (Group C; n=15). The measurements of the concentration of serum haptoglobin (Hp), interleukin 1 (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Total protein (TP) and Albumin (ALB) were made by using commercial kits. Conclusion: In all infection groups (P, PE ve E), Haptoglobin concentration, serum cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and Albumin values were found to have been higher than the control group (p≤0,005). However, there was no difference in total protein. In the light of these findings, it is suggested that routine controls for Haptoglobin and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) concentrations would be rewarding to determine the severity of the infection, to choose the suitable treatment and to detect subclinical infections in veterinary medicine.
Optimization of Enzymatic Extraction of ACE Inhibitory Peptide from Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fish Waste using RSM
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Shakila R. Jeya , Muzaddadi A.U. , Jeyasekaran G. , Sukumar D. , Padmavathy P. , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: August 2021

Background: Hypertension is one of the cardiovascular disease that kills people silently across the globe. It can be controlled, in one of the way, by ACE inhibitory peptide extracted from aquatic resources. Methods: Rohu (Labeo rohita) fish wastes were quantified for their anatomical yield; analyzed for their proximate composition and optimized the enzymatic extraction parameters for ACE inhibitory peptides. Response surface methodology with Box-Benhken Design (RSM-BBD) was used to optimize alcalase concentration (0.5-2% v/w), hydrolysis temperature (45-60°C), hydrolysis time (60-240 min.) and solid: liquid (S/L) ratio (0.2-1) to obtain rohu fish waste peptides. Results: More waste generated in smaller (49.4%) than medium and bigger (34.5%) fish. Quantum of edible flesh (59.06%) was followed by head (23.9%), trimmings (5.18%), scales (4.19%) and swim bladder (0.65%). However, protein content was highest in swim bladder (34.1%) followed by scales (22.9%), trimmings (18.7%) and head (17.1%). Alcalase concentration (1.08%, v/w), temperature (52.10°C), hydrolysis time (129.18 min) and S/L ratio (0.8:1) were found optimum for extraction ACE inhibitory peptide with DH, ACE inhibition and PY of 19.27%, 54.98% and 51.37% respectively. Results showed the potential of extracted ACE inhibitory peptide as ingredients in functional food.
Managing uncertainty: Lone parents' time horizons and agency in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sánchez-Mira Núria , Moles-Kalt Benjamin , Bernardi Laura 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This article shows the analytical value of an approach that integrates theoretical elaborations about the temporal orientations of different types of agency (pragmatic, identity, and life course) and uncertainty management, to analyse how families dealt with the challenges emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Background: The pandemic has been a major shock that has seriously challenged families' ability to adapt to sudden changes affecting multiple domains of life. Switzerland established a low-intensity lockdown in the spring of 2020, with social-distancing measures based on official recommendations. Changes in employment situations and school closures resulted in significant alterations to family life. This study examines how individuals with a trajectory of lone parenthood dealt with the increased uncertainties generated by this novel context.
Method: Empirical data stems from the fourth wave of fieldwork of the longitudinal project "The multiple paths of lone parenthood", ongoing in French-speaking Switzerland since 2012–2013. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 participants between April and June 2020.
Results: The emergence of novel situations, the ambiguity of social-distancing measures, and the breakdown of routines accentuated pragmatic agency for most families. With the chronification of uncertainty, parents sought to regain identity agency by restabilising everyday routines. Uncertainty about future developments diminished life course agency, especially for parents in more insecure situations.
Conclusion: The study offers an original perspective on the challenges of living through increased uncertainty and changing environments triggered by the pandemic, by highlighting the relevance of temporalities for understanding agency within life course processes.
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA HASIL TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS TERKATALISIS KALSIUM OKSIDA DAN PENGARUHNYA PADA KARAKTERISTIK BIODIESEL
Authors: Nugraheni Ika Kusuma , Artika Kurnia Dwi , Syahyuniar Rusuminto 
Published: August 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai identifikasi senyawa hasil transesterifikasi minyak goreng bekas terkatalisis CaO. Transesterifikasi dilakukan untuk mengubah minyak goreng bekas yang hingga saat ini belum termanfaatkan, menjadi bahan bakar biodiesel. Kalsium Oksida (CaO) yang merupakan katalis heterogen dan mudah didapat digunakan sebagai katalis dalam penelitian ini. CaO diaktivasi secara fisika dengan dikalsinasi pada suhu 550-950 OC selama 4 jam. Transesterifikasi dilakukan menggunakan methanol dengan rasio molar minyak : methanol 1:12. Variasi katalis yang ditambahkan sebesar 1%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% dari berat minyak. Transesterifikasi dilakukan pada sistem refluks dengan suhu pemanasan 60 oC selama 30 menit dan didiamkan 24 jam. Metil ester yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan GCMS untuk diketahui kandungan senyawanya dan diuji nilai densitas dan viskositasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase terbesar kandungan senyawa metil ester yang dihasilkan adalah golongan asam palmitat (asam heksadekanoat) dan asam oleat (9-octadecenoic acid). Adanya senyawa tertinggi ini tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai densitas dan viskositas Biodiesel
Optimasi Ekstraksi Teh Hijau Berdasarkan Kandungan Polifenol, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Profil Sensori
Authors: Palupi Nurheni Sri , Hunaefi Dase , Susanto Nugraha 
Published: August 2021

<em>Green tea contains polyphenols which are known as sources of antioxidants and contribute to a bitter and astringent taste. Optimization of green tea extraction to obtain sensory profiles that are acceptable for consumers is important. The study aimed to produce an optimal green tea extraction process based on polyphenols content and antioxidant activity, a sensory profile of the basic solution of green tea based on consumer expectations and preferences, and the ideal profile of green tea. This research was conducted by PT. XYZ – Jakarta and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology IPB University – Bogor, West Java from October 2020 to April 2021. This study used data experiments on RSM by CCD method and consumer perception testing using Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) method. The selection of consumer panelists and FGD participants was conducted in conjunction with the consumer survey. Optimum condition of methode extraction of green tea based on RSM methode was temperature at 78,43 <sup>O</sup>C for 21 minutes. Total of polyphenols, antioxidant activity based on IC<sub>50</sub>, and preference score was 588,58 mg/kg – 750 mg/kg; 14,48μL – 27,03μL; and 4,0 – 5,2, respectively. Green tea extract profile based on consumers preferences had the following profile sensory: burned aroma, floral aroma, tobacco aroma, animalic aroma, umami test, green flavor, astringent aftertaste, straw-like aftertaste; emotional profile: peaceful, adventurous, calm and satisfied; and attribute profile: packaging design: cold color, illustrations image, images of people, combination, high quality and warm color.</em>